bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coinfection of fungi with SARS-CoV-2 is a detrimental health risk for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Baten Nahida , Wajed Shah , Talukder Asma , Masum Md. Habib Ullah , Rahman Md. Mijanur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Notable fungal coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients have been reported worldwide in an alarming way. Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. were commonly known as black fungi, whereas Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. were designated as white fungi implicated in those infections. In this review, we focused on the global outbreaks of fungal coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, the role of the human immune system, and a detailed understanding of those fungi to delineate the contribution of such coinfections in deteriorating the health conditions of COVID-19 patients based on current knowledge.

Main body
Impaired CD4 + T cell response due to SARS-CoV-2 infection creates an opportunity for fungi to take over the host cells and, consequently, cause severe fungal coinfections, including candidiasis and candidemia, mucormycosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Among them, mucormycosis and CAPA have been reported with a mortality rate of 66% in India and 60% in Colombia. Moreover, IPA has been reported in Belgium, Netherlands, France, and Germany with a morbidity rate of 20.6%, 19.6%, 33.3%, and 26%, respectively. Several antifungal drugs have been applied to combat fungal coinfection in COVID-19 patients, including Voriconazole, Isavuconazole, and Echinocandins.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 deteriorates the immune system so that several fungi could take that opportunity and cause life-threatening health situations. To reduce the mortality and morbidity of fungal coinfections, it needs immunity boosting, proper hygiene and sanitation, and appropriate medication based on the diagnosis.
Socio-demographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy in Gujarat, India
Authors: Ramanandi Vivek H. , Shukla Yagna U. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cerebral palsy is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. The estimated prevalence of cerebral palsy in India ranges from 2.1 to 3 per 1000 live births as per published literature. The present study was aimed to study socio-demographic and clinical profiles of cerebral palsy children in the Gujarat state of India.

Materials and methods
A total of 481 cerebral palsy children were included from various physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and neurological setups across Gujarat between May 2018 and April 2019. Information regarding gender, age, city of residence, family details, types of cerebral palsy, and gross motor function classification system was collected using a simple survey form designed for the study.

Result
The study showed that 67.57% of children were male and 32.22% were in the age group of 48–96 months. When classified 77.34% had a spastic type of cerebral palsy, out of which diplegic cerebral palsy was reported to be the most common (42.83%). When assessed for functional levels, most of the children were classified in gross motor function classification system levels 3 and 4 (76.30%).

Conclusion
The findings of this study support the published data and emphasize the need for a robust and authentic official database of cerebral palsy in Gujarat and India to help in the estimation of the current disease burden and implementation policies for the prevention and management of cerebral palsy.
Lung health after tuberculosis: clinical and functional assessment in post-pulmonary tuberculosis Egyptian patients
Authors: Abdelaleem Nermeen A. , Ahmed Mostafa K. , Mohamed Marwan N. , Bayoumi Hassan A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Some of the pulmonary tuberculous patients who completed their medication course experience lung function impairment which may influence their quality of life. However, the pattern and nature of post-tuberculosis lung impairment are still not identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the type and degree of lung physiology changes in previously treated tuberculous patients which latter may affect their quality of life, thus helping clinicians for early diagnosis of lung impairment, especially in tuberculous endemic areas.

Results
Adults (≥18 years) who were treated from first attack pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Demographic data, respiratory symptoms, smoking history, comorbidities, Medical Research Council dyspnea score (MRC), spirometry, chest radiography, and oxygen saturation were collected. One hundred ninety-seven participants were finally included in the study. The mean age was 49.50±13.26 years with males representing 75.6% of total patients. MRC dyspnea scale grading showed that about 13.2% and 5.1% of patients suffer from dyspnea grade II and grade III, respectively. Main respiratory symptoms were cough in 38.1%, sputum production in 24.9%, and hemoptysis in 6.6% cases. Normal spirometry was documented in 53.3%, obstructive pattern in 31.98%, and mixed pattern in 7.11%, whereas 7.61% cases had a restrictive pattern. According to ATS staging of obstructive pattern, 27 patients (42.8%) had mild obstruction, 22 (34.9%) patients had moderate obstruction, 13 (20.6%) patients had moderate to severe obstruction, and one patient (1.6%) had severe obstruction.

Conclusions
Impairment of respiratory function after tuberculosis is one of the causes of chronic lung disease that is underestimated, especially in endemic countries. This impairment in function occurs early in the course of the diseases and even without symptoms, affecting the quality of life. Thus, clinicians should encourage patients for an earlier visit to a respiratory clinic for follow-up and further management if needed. Guidelines for the management of cured tuberculous patients are urgently needed.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05097638. Registered on October 28, 2021—retrospectively registered
A double hurdle estimation of crop diversification decisions by smallholder wheat farmers in Sinana District, Bale Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Derso Dereje , Tolossa Degefa , Seyoum Abrham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is heterogeneous in agro-ecological, social, and economic conditions. In such heterogeneous environment, crop production needs to be diversified to meet household consumption and market needs. This study analyzed determinants of crop diversification in wheat dominant producer rural households in Ethiopia’s Sinana District of the Oromia Regional State. The study utilized a structured survey of 384 households, and both inferential and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. A Cragg’s double hurdle model was applied to identify factors influencing decision and the extent of crop diversification.

Results
We found that decision to crop diversification was positively associated with household size, access to fertile farm plots, and access to extension services and negatively associated with age of household head, and participation in off/non-farm activities. The extent of crop diversification is positively associated with access to extension services, labor availability, membership to farmers cooperatives, and distance to market.

Conclusions
These findings support the need for resources to strengthen available extension packages, support existing farmers’ cooperatives, and develop rural infrastructures in order to improve the smallholder farmers’ extent of crop diversifications.
The effect of inhibiting molybdate used in anodizing-conversion treatment to improve corrosion protection of AA2030 aluminum alloy in different steps
Authors: Benmohamed Manel , Benmounah Abdelbaki , Haddad Ahmed , Yahi Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, different treatment baths for corrosion protection of 2030 aluminum alloy in addition to replacing the hexavalent chromium due to the European recommendation were employed. This work is divided into three steps of treatment: first, anodization using molybdate inhibitor without and with phosphoric acid and, then, pre-oxidation with sodium hydroxide. In the last step, we studied the influence of conversion coating with the combination of sodium molybdate and fluoride on the anodic layer formed on aluminum alloy 2030. In order to characterize the formed layers, we use microstructural characterization (SEM, AFM, and nano-indentation), which allows highlighting the surface condition as well as the morphological distribution, and electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which shows that the anodization treatment of the aluminum alloy with phosphoric acid and sodium molybdate offered better corrosion resistance. This resistance increased with the use of pre-oxidation and then reached a maximum value of 99.8% efficiency with the addition of the molybdate conversion coating which causes an increase in the double layer and gave an alternative possibility of chromium VI.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychiatric mother and baby units: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Howard Louise M. , Trevillion Kylee , Potts Laura , Heslin Margaret , Pickles Andrew , Byford Sarah , Carson Lauren E. , Dolman Clare , Jennings Stacey , Johnson Sonia , Jones Ian , McDonald Rebecca , Pawlby Susan , Powell Claire , Seneviratne Gertrude , Shallcross Rebekah , Stanley Nicky , Wieck Angelika , Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPsychiatric mother and baby units (MBUs) are recommended for severe perinatal mental illness, but effectiveness compared with other forms of acute care remains unknown.AimsWe hypothesised that women admitted to MBUs would be less likely to be readmitted to acute care in the 12 months following discharge, compared with women admitted to non-MBU acute care (generic psychiatric wards or crisis resolution teams (CRTs)).MethodQuasi-experimental cohort study of women accessing acute psychiatric care up to 1 year postpartum in 42 healthcare organisations across England and Wales. Primary outcome was readmission within 12 months post-discharge. Propensity scores were used to account for systematic differences between MBU and non-MBU participants. Secondary outcomes included assessment of cost-effectiveness, experience of services, unmet needs, perceived bonding, observed mother–infant interaction quality and safeguarding outcome.ResultsOf 279 women, 108 (39%) received MBU care, 62 (22%) generic ward care and 109 (39%) CRT care only. The MBU group (n = 105) had similar readmission rates to the non-MBU group (n = 158) (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.86–1.04, P = 0.29; an absolute difference of −5%, 95% CI −14 to 4%). Service satisfaction was significantly higher among women accessing MBUs compared with non-MBUs; no significant differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsWe found no significant differences in rates of readmission, but MBU advantage might have been masked by residual confounders; readmission will also depend on quality of care after discharge and type of illness. Future studies should attempt to identify the effective ingredients of specialist perinatal in-patient and community care to improve outcomes.
Stick-slip contact line motion on Kelvin-Voigt model substrates
Authors: Mokbel Dominic , Aland Sebastian , Karpitschka Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The capillary traction of a liquid contact line causes highly localized deformations in soft solids, tremendously slowing down wetting and dewetting dynamics by viscoelastic braking. Enforcing nonetheless large velocities leads to the so-called stick-slip instability, during which the contact line periodically depins from its own wetting ridge. The mechanism of this periodic motion and, especially, the role of the dynamics in the fluid have remained elusive, partly because a theoretical description of the unsteady soft wetting problem is not available so far. Here we present the first numerical simulations of the full unsteady soft wetting problem, with a full coupling between the liquid and the solid dynamics. We observe three regimes of soft wetting dynamics: steady viscoelastic braking at slow speeds, stick-slip motion at intermediate speeds, followed by a region of viscoelastic braking where stick-slip is suppressed by liquid damping, which ultimately gives way to classical wetting dynamics, dominated by liquid dissipation.
Characteristics of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment Changes After Symptom Relief After Simple Lumbar Decompression
Authors: Ham Chang Hwa , Park Youn-Kwan , Kim Joo Han , Kwon Woo-Keun , Kim Dong Wook , Moon Hong Joo 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sagittal spinopelvic alignment (SSPA) parameters are essential for the diagnosis of adult spinal deformities (ASDs) and their progression. Certain clinical symptoms that occur in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) may distort the SSPA and mimic ASD.

OBJECTIVE:
To differentiate SSPA in symptomatic patients from asymptomatic patients within 10 minutes in the standing position.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study evaluated changes in SSPA after simple lumbar decompression surgery in patients with LSS and HNP. Relative sagittal alignment (RSA), relative pelvic version, relative lumbar lordosis (RLL), Lordosis Distribution Index (LDI), and global alignment and proportion (GAP) values were calculated using the conventional Schwab classification method. First, the preoperative and postoperative SSPA parameters were compared. Second, patients were subgrouped into symptomatic within 10 minutes of standing (SP group) and other symptoms of LSS and HNP as controls. Changes in SSPA parameters after symptom relief after simple lumbar decompression surgery were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:
Overall, all SSPA parameters improved after surgery. However, after subgrouping, patients in the control group did not show significant SSPA alterations, except for LDI, whereas patients in the SP group significantly improved in terms of their RSA, RLL, LDI, and GAP values after symptom relief after surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with pain on standing within 10 minutes showed significant correction in RSA, RLL, and GAP values after simple lumbar decompression. Therefore, it is important to observe such clinical symptoms to avoid misdiagnosis of ASD.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Coastal South India: A 8-year retrospective study.
Authors: Achappa Basavaprabhu , Herath Nipuni Chamathka , Sebastian Bodhi , Dsouza Nikhil Victor , RAGHURAM PAVAN MANIBETTU , Holla Ramesh , Chowta Nithyananda , Kini Jyoti Ramanath 
Published: May 2022

Background: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign condition of unknown etiology, presenting as cervical lymphadenitis. Lymphadenopathy is usually tender and maybe associated with systemic symptoms. Despite the extensive literature on this disease, it continues to be misdiagnosed owing to its misleading clinical presentation. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals from 2011 to 2019. All patients with confirmed KFD diagnosis were included and after ethics committee approval the clinical details and histopathological data was retrieved from the medical records department and analyzed. Results: A total of 67 cases were included. The mean age was 26.9±11.3 years with a female: male ratio of 1.9:1. There were 50 patients with tender cervical lymphadenopathy which was the most common clinical presentation. The mean length and width of palpable lymph nodes were 2.3±1.0 cm and 2.2±0.7 cm respectively. Histology revealed proliferative stage in majority of patients (n=40, 59.7%). Lymphadenopathy resolved in 83.6% within 2 months. There were 42 patients who had complete recovery with symptomatic treatment within a period of 9 months. Conclusions: KFD is prevalent in young, female patients of Asian descent and often presents as tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Early diagnosis with excisional lymph node biopsy is crucial to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment. Treatment is symptomatic unless complicated, where steroid therapy is considered. KFD has an excellent prognosis with almost no risk of fatality.
Monitoring concept for powder flow monitoring in Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) process based on flexible piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Petrovic-Filipovic Vojislav , Görgl Richard , Suppan Michael , Hesse Jan , Waldhauser Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

Background: The quality of powder-blown Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is mainly governed by the energy density per unit of mass employed to melt the material. In most of the previous works, the focus in process monitoring and control was on the control of energy input, by controlling the properties of the melt pool. However, the powder mass input is as important to monitor as the energy input, in order to preserve the equilibrium of the process. Methods: In this paper, the authors present the first test results of the Pyzoflex® sensor for powder flow monitoring in L-DED using real powder feeding system in the robot-based laser-processing cell. The sensor was tested against the powder projected from the powder feeder under typical flow regimes and the real-time measurements were taken using a specifically designed software tool. Results: The graphical representation of the registered sensor signals are clearly correlated with the powder flow values set at the powder feeder, which demonstrates that the piezoelectric sensors can detect the powder flow with elevated precision in real time. Conclusions: The first laboratory tests of flexible printed piezoelectric sensors demonstrate that they are fast and precise in the powder flow measurement, but that more effort must be invested in the robustness of the measurement setup as well as in clearing and stabilization of the registered signal.
Quantification of fetal organ sparing in maternal low-protein dietary models
Authors: Serpente Patricia , Zhang Ying , Islimye Eva , Hart-Johnson Sarah , Gould Alex P. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Maternal malnutrition can lead to fetal growth restriction. This is often associated with organ sparing and long-lasting physiological dysfunctions during adulthood, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. Methods: Low protein (LP) dietary models in C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate the proximal effects of maternal malnutrition on fetal organ weights and organ sparing at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). Results: Maternal 8% LP diet induced strikingly different degrees of fetal growth restriction in different animal facilities, but adjustment of dietary protein content allowed similar fetal body masses to be obtained. A maternal LP diet that restricted fetal body mass by 40% did not decrease fetal brain mass to the same extent, reflecting positive growth sparing of this organ. Under these conditions, fetal pancreas and liver mass decreased by 60-70%, indicative of negative organ sparing. A series of dietary swaps between LP and standard diets showed that the liver is capable of efficient catch-up growth from as late as E14.5 whereas, after E10.5, the pancreas is not. Conclusions: This study highlights that the reproducibility of LP fetal growth restriction studies between laboratories can be improved by careful calibration of maternal dietary protein content. LP diets that induce 30-40% restriction of prenatal growth provide a good model for fetal organ sparing. For the liver, recovery of growth following protein restriction is efficient throughout fetal development but, for the pancreas, transient LP exposures spanning the progenitor expansion phase lead to an irreversible fetal growth deficit.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and associated treatment burden in primary care settings in Kerala: a cross-sectional study in Malappuram District, Kerala, India
Authors: Ismail Sunaib , Stanley Antony , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: May 2022

Background: Multimorbidity or co-existence of two or more chronic conditions is common and associated with reduced quality of life and increased risk of death. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in primary care settings in Kerala and the associated treatment burden, and quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 540 adult participants in Malappuram District, Kerala. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and anxiety screening were done by trained medical professionals. The remaining medical conditions were self-reported by the respondent and verified with patient held health records. The health-related quality of life [HRQoL] was measured using the EQ-5D-5L tool. The MTBQ tool was used for measuring the multimorbidity treatment burden. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with multi-morbidity. Results: Overall, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 39.8% (35.7 – 44.1). The prevalence of multimorbidity among men (42.6%) was relatively higher than that in women (38.1%). Lower educational attainment, higher age group, and overweight or obesity status were independently associated with higher prevalence of multimorbidity. The most common pairs of coexisting chronic conditions reported in the study were hypertension and diabetes in males (66.7%) and females (70.8%). All domains of quality of life were impaired in individuals with multimorbidity. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is a norm and affects two of five participants seeking care in primary care settings in Kerala. The social gradient in the prevalence of multimorbidity was evident with higher prevalence in individuals with low educational attainment. Multimorbidity seriously impairs quality of life and increases treatment burden. The focus of management should move beyond individual diseases, and pivot towards interventions targeting multi-morbidity management, with a specific focus for people living in lower socio-economic strata.
Dona Ivone Lara: o amor negro no feminino
Authors: Silva Maria Verônica 
Published: May 2022

Maria Verônica da Silva RESUMOEste artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca da manifestação do amor romântico em cinco canções de Dona Ivone Lara, presentes no álbum Nasci pra sonhar e cantar, lançado em 2001 pela gravadora francesa Lusáfrica, com o intuito de, ao discutir os atravessamentos do amor neste corpo negro, trazer para o centro da discussão a essencialidade de humanizar esses corpos, que, desde o período escravocrata, vem sendo coisificados pelas narrativas de nações que chegam no imaginário social, corroborando, deste modo, com a estrutura social que exclui corpos como o da Dona Ivone, não reconhecendo a contribuição feminina negra na construção da cultura nacional.
A formação feminina no romance em versos de Elizabeth Acevedo: uma leitura de A poeta X
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Sharmilla O'hana 
Published: May 2022

Analisa-se o romance em versos de Elizabeth Acevedo, intitulado A poeta X e publicado em 2018. Nele, além das características do bildungsroman, vê-se a adolescente Xiomara em conflito entre as situações que deseja e as que experimenta. Como suporte teórico, parte-se das ideias de Schwantes (2011), Zinani (2013), Puga (2016), Martínez (2020), Zamora (2020) e Coqueiro (2021). Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa é de natureza básica, abordagem qualitativa, tem objetivo exploratório, e foi realizada a partir de levantamento bibliográfico. Percebe-se no texto analisado o despertar de consciência da protagonista em relação à sua identidade. As situações com as quais ela se depara em cada aspecto da sua vida são vistos como ritos de passagem, que contribuem para um diálogo compreensivo entre mulher e sociedade.