bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YAP1 activation promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cell survival of renal cell carcinoma cells under shear stress
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Zhang Xiaowei , Jiang Yitong , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Min , Wang Shanna , Liu Shaoqiong , Liang Haiyan , Liu Chunhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by substantial vasculatures and increased fluid movement in tumor microenvironment, and the fluid shear stress modulates malignance, extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumor cells. However, the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that low shear stress induced the Yes-associated protein (YAP1) activation and nuclear localization in RCC cells, as well as the downregulation of phosphorylated YAP1 at Ser127. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK or RhoA partially abolished YAP1 accumulation in the nucleus, and targeting YAP1 activation by small molecular inhibitor or genetic manipulation decreased the low shear stress-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells, and led to a decreased expression of N-cadherin as accompanied by downregulation of SNAIL1 and TWIST, accompanied by high shear stress-induced cell apoptosis. Salvianolic acid B, an aqueous component of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), inhibited YAP1 and Hippo signaling activation, and abrogated low shear stress-induced EMT as a consequence. Taken together, our study suggests YAP1 is a fluid mechanosensor that transforms mechanical stimuli to cell signals, thereby facilitates anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis.
miR-9a regulates levels of both rhomboid mRNA and protein in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo
Authors: Gallicchio Lorenzo , Griffiths-Jones Sam , Ronshaugen Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
MicroRNAs can have subtle and combinatorial effects on the levels of the targets and pathways they act on. Studying the consequences of a single microRNA knockout often proves difficult as many such knockouts exhibit phenotypes only under stress conditions. This has often led to the hypothesis that microRNAs buffer the effects of intrinsic and environmental stochasticity on gene expression. Observing and understanding this buffering effect entails quantitative analysis of microRNA and target expression in single cells. To this end, we have employed single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and high-resolution confocal microscopy to investigate the effects of miR-9a loss on the expression of the serine-protease Rhomboid in Drosophila melanogaster early embryos. Our single-cell quantitative approach shows that spatially, the rhomboid mRNA pattern is identical in WT and miR-9a knockout embryos. However, we find that the number of mRNA molecules per cell is higher when miR-9a is absent, and the level and temporal accumulation of rhomboid protein shows a more dramatic increase in the miR-9a knockout. Specifically, we see accumulation of rhomboid protein in miR-9a mutants by stage 5, much earlier than in WT. The data, therefore, show that miR-9a functions in the regulation of rhomboid mRNA and protein levels. While further work is required to establish whether rhomboid is a direct target of miR-9 in Drosophila, our results further establish the miR-9 family microRNAs as conserved regulators of timing in neurogenic processes. This study shows the power of single-cell quantification as an experimental tool to study phenotypic consequences of microRNA mis-regulation.
Transgenic tools for targeted chromosome rearrangements allow construction of balancer chromosomes in non-melanogaster Drosophila species
Authors: Stern David L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Perhaps the most valuable single set of resources for genetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster is the collection of multiply inverted chromosomes commonly known as balancer chromosomes. Balancers prevent the recovery of recombination exchange products within genomic regions included in inversions and allow perpetual maintenance of deleterious alleles in living stocks and the execution of complex genetic crosses. Balancer chromosomes have been generated traditionally by exposing animals to ionizing radiation and screening for altered chromosome structure or for unusual marker segregation patterns. These approaches are tedious and unpredictable, and have failed to produce the desired products in some species. Here, I describe transgenic tools that allow targeted chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila species. The key new resources are engineered reporter genes containing introns with yeast recombination sites and enhancers that drive fluorescent reporter genes in multiple body regions. These tools were used to generate a doubly inverted chromosome 3R in Drosophila simulans that serves as an effective balancer chromosome.
Genome assembly of the Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals a novel fragmented IHHNV EVE sequence
Authors: Huerlimann Roger , Cowley Jeff A , Wade Nicholas M , Wang Yinan , Kasinadhuni Naga , Chan Chon-Kit Kenneth , Jabbari Jafar S , Siemering Kirby , Gordon Lavinia , Tinning Matthew , Montenegro Juan D , Maes Gregory E , Sellars Melony J , Coman Greg J , McWilliam Sean , Zenger Kyall R , Khatkar Mehar S , Raadsma Herman W , Donovan Dallas , Krishna Gopala , Jerry Dean R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Shrimp are a valuable aquaculture species globally; however, disease remains a major hindrance to shrimp aquaculture sustainability and growth. Mechanisms mediated by endogenous viral elements have been proposed as a means by which shrimp that encounter a new virus start to accommodate rather than succumb to infection over time. However, evidence on the nature of such endogenous viral elements and how they mediate viral accommodation is limited. More extensive genomic data on Penaeid shrimp from different geographical locations should assist in exposing the diversity of endogenous viral elements. In this context, reported here is a PacBio Sequel-based draft genome assembly of an Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) inbred for 1 generation. The 1.89 Gbp draft genome is comprised of 31,922 scaffolds (N50: 496,398 bp) covering 85.9% of the projected genome size. The genome repeat content (61.8% with 30% representing simple sequence repeats) is almost the highest identified for any species. The functional annotation identified 35,517 gene models, of which 25,809 were protein-coding and 17,158 were annotated using interproscan. Scaffold scanning for specific endogenous viral elements identified an element comprised of a 9,045-bp stretch of repeated, inverted, and jumbled genome fragments of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus bounded by a repeated 591/590 bp host sequence. As only near complete linear ∼4 kb infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus genomes have been found integrated in the genome of P. monodon previously, its discovery has implications regarding the validity of PCR tests designed to specifically detect such linear endogenous viral element types. The existence of joined inverted infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus genome fragments also provides a means by which hairpin double-stranded RNA could be expressed and processed by the shrimp RNA interference machinery.
The Branch Set of Minimal Disks in Metric Spaces
Authors: Creutz Paul , Romney Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the structure of the branch set of solutions to Plateau’s problem in metric spaces satisfying a quadratic isoperimetric inequality. In our 1st result, we give examples of spaces with isoperimetric constant arbitrarily close to the Euclidean isoperimetric constant $(4\pi )^{-1}$ for which solutions have large branch set. This complements recent results of Lytchak–Wenger and Stadler stating, respectively, that any space with Euclidean isoperimetric constant is a CAT($0$) space and solutions to Plateau’s problem in a CAT($0$) space have only isolated branch points. We also show that any planar cell-like set can appear as the branch set of a solution to Plateau’s problem. These results answer two questions posed by Lytchak and Wenger. Moreover, we investigate several related questions about energy-minimizing parametrizations of metric disks: when such a map is quasisymmetric, when its branch set is empty, and when it is unique up to a conformal diffeomorphism.
Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method and Determination of Impurities by LC-QTOF-MS for Adenosine in Eye Drops
Authors: Çalışkan Cem , Koyuncu İkbal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Presently, there is no validated method for stability-indicating related substances of adenosine used in the treatment of cataracts and found in different combined eye drop products.

Objective
A stability-indicating related substances analytical method for adenosine used in the treatment of cataracts and found in different combined eye drop products should be developed and validated.

Method
A new reverse phase-HPLC method of determination for adenosine-related compounds has been developed and validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation. In this method, all impurities were easily detected for adenosine, which is found in combination with different active ingredients such as nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The impurities obtained by a stress test were purified and their structures were characterized by mass spectroscopy (LC-QTOF-MS).

Results
The concentration range for linearity was evaluated as 0.06–4.27 µg/mL for adenosine, 0.15–4.27 µg/mL for uridine, 0.15–4.17 µg/mL for inosine, 0.13–4.35 µg/mL for guanosine, and 0.12–4.26 µg/mL for adenine. Good linearity was achieved for each component, and it was determined that the correlation coefficient (r) met the acceptance criterion r ≥ 0.99. The accuracy of the method was good-to-excellent recoveries at each concentration level (from LOQ to 120% of the specification limit) were achieved within the limit range of 80.0–120.0%, and RSD of recoveries was found below 10.0% for both formulations.

Conclusions
With this economical and simple method validated in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline, a new method has been created for adenosine, which is suitable for routine analysis.

Highlights
The validated method is a very simple and suitable method for green chemistry without any pre-processing, and the structure of the impurities obtained as a result of stress studies was confirmed by LC-QTOF-MS.
A nineteenth-century entrepreneur and collector
Authors: Legé Alice S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Members of the Parisian financial elite, Meyer Joseph Cahen d’Anvers (1804–1881) and his descendants belonged to an Ashkenazi community rooted in Germany and Belgium. In the late nineteenth century, as targets of the anti-Semitic press, the Cahen d’Anvers family experienced the consequences of the Dreyfus Affair and the horrors of the racial laws. In an earlier generation, the family adopted what could be defined as a ‘top-down’ model of integration. This essay focuses on its mechanisms and development, in relation to the construction of the family’s national and cultural identity. After tracing the patriarch’s origins, the text analyses the properties and collections of Cahen d’Anvers and explores their influence upon the subsequent development of the family’s place in society. As a showcase for their public identity, the Château de Nainville (Essonne) and the Petit Hôtel de Villars (Paris) distilled, in their architecture, furnishings and collections, Meyer Joseph’s civil rights and ambitions.
Yogurts Choose Consumers? Estimation of Random-Utility Models via Two-Sided Matching
Authors: Bonnet Odran , Galichon Alfred , Hsieh Yu-Wei , O’Hara Keith , Shum Matt 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The problem of demand inversion—a crucial step in the estimation of random utility discrete-choice models—is equivalent to the determination of stable outcomes in two-sided matching models. This equivalence applies to random utility models that are not necessarily additive, smooth, nor even invertible. Based on this equivalence, algorithms for the determination of stable matchings provide effective computational methods for estimating these models. For non-invertible models, the identified set of utility vectors is a lattice, and the matching algorithms recover sharp upper and lower bounds on the utilities. Our matching approach facilitates estimation of models that were previously difficult to estimate, such as the pure characteristics model. An empirical application to voting data from the 1999 European Parliament elections illustrates the good performance of our matching-based demand inversion algorithms in practice.
PATIENT AND STAFF DOSES FOR VARIOUS INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATIONS IN TURKEY
Authors: Erdem Onur , Ay Musa , Yalcin Asena , Bilgic Sadık , Sanlıdilek Umman , Amasyalı Basri , Sancak Tanzer , Olgar Turan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the radiation doses of patients and staff during different interventional radiology and cardiology examinations. Dose measurements for interventional radiology examinations were performed in Ibn-i Sina Hospital of Ankara University using Siemens Artis-Zee medical imaging system. Patient dose measurement was carried out for interventional cardiology examinations in Cardiology Department of TOBB-ETU University, Medical Faculty Hospital using Philips Allura Centron interventional X-ray system. Patient doses were obtained in terms of kerma area product (KAP) and cumulative air kerma (CAK) from KAP meter attached to the angiography system. Performance tests of the angiography system were performed before patient dose measurements. Staff dose measurements were carried out with thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100) placed in certain areas on the staff. Patient dose measurements were performed for 15 different interventional radiology examinations on a total of 431 patients and for four different cardiology examinations on a total of 299 patients. Monte Carlo based PCXMC 2.0 program was used to calculate patient effective doses. Lower extremity arteriography was the most common examination with a mean KAP value of 30 Gy cm2 and mean effective dose value of 1.2 mSv for total number of 194 patients. Mean KAP values calculated for coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, electrophysiological procedures and radiofrequency cardiac ablation examinations were 62.8, 162.8, 16.7 and 70.6 Gy cm2, respectively. Radiologist, nurse and technician effective dose normalised to the unit KAP of patient dose were 0.15, 0.11 and 0.14 μSv Gy−1 cm−2. Similarly, cardiologist, nurse and technician effective dose normalised to the unit KAP of patient dose were 0.22, 0.15 and 0.09 μSv Gy−1 cm−2. Measured KAP and CAK values vary depending on the type and complexity of the examination. The measured staff doses during cardiac examinations were higher when compared with that measured for interventional radiology as expected.
Breaches of the didactic contract as a driving force behind learning and non-learning: a story of flaws and wants
Authors: Strømskag Heidi , Chevallard Yves 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn agreement with the main tenets of the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD), this study uncovers dependencies between what students can learn, the established curriculum and the current state of mathematicians’ mathematics (‘scholarly mathematics’). One main result is that the mathematics taught, too often taken for granted by curriculum developers and teachers, is in fact problematic not only to students but also to teachers and curriculum developers and is sometimes a challenge even to current scholarly mathematics. The mathematics taught during a given historical period within a given institution contains flaws that, when they cease to go unnoticed, generate crises, in the form of breaches of the prevailing didactic contract. The resolution of these crises allows the institution and its actors—in particular students and teachers—to learn new contents and often also leads to the more or less damaging unlearning of old contents. This key phenomenon is illustrated, at the triple level of the classroom, the curriculum and scholarly mathematics, with regard to elementary algebra and mathematical analysis, most importantly in the case of maxima and minima problems.
Prioritizing Elective Surgical Cases During a Pandemic or Global Crisis: The Elective-Pediatric Orthopedic Surgical Timing (E-POST) Score
Authors: Truong Walter H. , Ramo Brandon , Birch Craig , Dodwell Emily , Johnson Megan , Lebel David E. , McIntosh Amy , Miller Dan , Snyder Andrew , Sturm Peter , Guillaume Tenner 
Published: February 2022

Background:
As the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic stabilized and resources became more readily available, elective surgery was reinitiated and hospitals realized that there was little guidance on how to prioritize elective cases.

Methods:
A prioritization tool was formulated based on clinically relevant elements and previous literature. Nine pediatric orthopaedic surgeons from North American institutions evaluated 25 clinical scenarios on 2 occasions separated in time. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)]. Surgeons also ranked the importance of each element and how confident they were with scoring each factor.

Results:
Intra-rater ICC for total score showed good to excellent consistency; highest at 0.961 for length of stay (LOS) and lowest at 0.705 for acuity. Inter-rater ICC showed good to excellent agreement for American Society of Anesthesiologists score, LOS, duration of surgery, and transfusion risk and moderate agreement for surgical acuity and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Transfusion risk and duration of surgery were deemed least important, and surgeons were least confident in scoring PPE and transfusion risk. Based on findings, the novel Elective-Pediatric Orthopedic Surgical Timing (E-POST) score for prioritizing elective cases was developed, consisting of 5 factors: surgical acuity, global health status, LOS, duration of surgery, and PPE requirement.

Conclusions:
The E-POST numeric total score or subscore may help objectively prioritize elective cases during a global crisis.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Uncorrected Pelvic Obliquity Is Associated With Worse Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Children and Their Caregivers at the End of Surgical Treatment for Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS)
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Fano Adam N. , Ball Jacob , Roye Benjamin D. , George Ameeka , Garg Sumeet , Erickson Mark , Samdani Amer , Skaggs David , Roye David P. , Vitale Michael G. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: February 2022

Background:
While largely of concern in nonambulatory patients, pelvic obliquity (PO) can be found in many patients with early onset scoliosis (EOS) and may remain following surgery. However, its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and their caregivers at the end of treatment is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between residual PO and HRQoL in children and their caregivers at the end of surgical treatment in ambulatory patients with EOS.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, a multicenter EOS registry was queried to identify ambulatory patients who underwent definitive posterior spinal fusion (PSF) from 2012 to 2019. Patients with fusions extending to the pelvis were excluded. PO was measured at least 1 year following PSF. HRQoL, Parental Burden, Financial Burden, and Satisfaction were assessed through the 24-Item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) also at a minimum of 1 year following PSF.

Results:
A total of 155 patients (12.5±2.1 y, 73.5% female) were included. Etiology distribution was 30.3% congenital, 12.9% neuromuscular, 21.3% syndromic, and 35.5% idiopathic. In congenital patients, those with residual PO >8 degrees had worse Satisfaction by 23.2 points compared with those with PO ≤8 degrees. In neuromuscular patients, those with residual PO >7 degrees had worse HRQoL by 16.1 points and Parental Burden by 22.3 points compared with their counterparts. In syndromic patients, those with residual PO >8 degrees had worse HRQoL by 14.8 points, Parental Burden by 16.4 points, and Satisfaction by 21.2 points compared with their counterparts. In idiopathic patients, those with >9 degrees of residual PO had worse HRQoL by 15.0 points and Financial Burden by 26.8 points compared with their counterparts.

Conclusions:
Remaining PO at the end of surgical treatment is associated with worse HRQoL in ambulatory children and their caregivers. These results suggest that correction of PO should remain a primary goal of treatment in patients with EOS undergoing surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—multicenter retrospective cohort study investigating prognosis.
Effect of Test Interface on Respiratory Muscle Activity and Pulmonary Function During Respiratory Testing in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sajjadi Elaheh , Mabe Patrick C. , Seven Yasin B. , Smith Barbara K. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The mouthpiece is the standard interface for spirometry tests. Although the use of a mouthpiece can be challenging for patients with orofacial weakness, maintaining a proper seal with a facemask can be an issue for healthy individuals during forceful efforts. We compared respiratory muscle activity and tests using a mouthpiece and facemask in healthy adults to investigate whether they can be used interchangeably.

Methods:
In this observational study, subjects (n = 12) completed forced vital capacity, maximal respiratory pressure, and peak cough flow with a mouthpiece and facemask. Root mean square values of the genioglossus, diaphragm, scalene, and sternocleidomastoid were compared between conditions.

Results:
When switching from a mouthpiece to a facemask, significantly higher values were seen for peak cough flow (average bias = −54.36 L/min, P < .05) and the difference seen with maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were clinically significant (average bias: MEP = 27.33, MIP = −5.2). In addition, the submental activity was significantly greater when MIP was conducted with a mouthpiece. No significant differences were seen in respiratory muscle activity during resting breathing or spirometry.

Conclusions:
There are clinically significant differences with cough and MEP tests, and neck muscles are activated differently based on interface. Considering the small sample size, our findings suggest a facemask may be used to complete some pulmonary function tests.