bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of noisy quantum networks
Authors: Coutinho Bruno Coelho , Munro William John , Nemoto Kae , Omar Yasser 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantum networks allow us to harness networked quantum technologies and to develop a quantum internet. But how robust is a quantum network when its links and nodes start failing? We show that quantum complex networks based on typical noisy quantum-repeater nodes are prone to discontinuous phase transitions with respect to the random loss of operating links and nodes, abruptly compromising the connectivity of the network, and thus significantly limiting the reach of its operation. Furthermore, we determine the critical quantum-repeater efficiency necessary to avoid this catastrophic loss of connectivity as a function of the network topology, the network size, and the distribution of entanglement in the network. From all the network topologies tested, a scale-free network topology shows the best promise for a robust large-scale quantum internet.
Building 3D reconstruction of TomoSAR using multiple bounce scattering model
Authors: Zhang Fubo , Yang Yaqian , Chen Longyong , Yang Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) plays a critical role in the 3D reconstruction of complex urban targets with the capability of 3D imaging. Nevertheless, multipath scattering interference is common in 3D point clouds, seriously affecting the structure of the 3D model. In this letter, the multipath scattering phenomenon of buildings is analysed and the building 3D reconstruction of TomoSAR using multiple bounce scattering model is proposed. The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated for experiments on array TomoSAR data. It is found that the proposed method not only achieves interference suppression but also improves integrity and accuracy taking advantage of multiple scattering information.
Low‐leakage track‐and‐hold buffer in 130‐nm CMOS with open‐gate FET bias
Authors: Morton Susan L. , Tsen Chan‐tang , Ortiz Anthony F. , Cosand Albert E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this research is to design, fabricate, and test an amplifier circuit which minimizes the input bias current over the input direct current operating point of the amplifier. A biasing scheme to set the drain‐source voltage (Vds) to null the net gate leakage current of the input transistor is shown. The desired Vds bias is obtained by replicating the Vds of a reference transistor that operates at the same current density as the input transistor and has its gate terminal open‐circuited so that the drain‐gate leakage and the gate‐source leakage must cancel. An implementation of this scheme as a cascode amplifier is described. Measurement results are presented showing > 20× reduced drift rate of a track‐and‐hold circuit when the output buffer amplifier uses the new approach as compared with a conventional buffer amplifier.
FPNFuse: A lightweight feature pyramid network for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Han , Wu Xiao‐Jun , Xu Tianyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel deep learning structure of infrared and visible image fusion is proposed. In particular, feature pyramid networks are developed for enhanced feature extraction across multiple convolutional layers. Besides, a fusion strategy is improved based on the channel attention mechanism to highlight the relevant attributes in the fusion stage. The fusion method consists of four parts: encoder, feature pyramid networks, fusion strategy and decoder, respectively. First, the multi‐scale deep features are extracted from the source images by encoder with embedded feature pyramid networks, realizing cross‐layer interaction. Second, these features are fused by the improved fusion strategy with channel attention for each scale. Finally, the fused features are reconstructed by the designed decoder to produce the informative fused image. The experimental results show that the proposed fusion method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results in both qualitative and quantitative evaluation with a lightweight architecture.
Needleless administration of advanced therapies into the skin via the appendages using a hypobaric patch
Authors: Benaouda Faiza , Inacio Ricardo , Lim Chui Hua , Park Haeeun , Pitcher Thomas , Alhnan Mohamed A. , Aly Mazen M. S. , Al-Jamal Khuloud T , Chan Ka-lung , Gala Rikhav P. , Sebastia-Saez Daniel , Cui Liang , Chen Tao , Keeble Julie , Jones Stuart A. 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceNeedleless delivery into the skin would overcome a major barrier to efficient clinical utilization of advanced therapies such as nanomaterials and macromolecules. This study demonstrates that controlled skin stretching (in porcine, rat, and mouse models) using a patch comprising a hypobaric chamber, to open the skin appendages, can increase the permeability of the tissue and provide a means to enable direct delivery of advanced therapies directly into the skin without the use of a needle or injection system. This technology can facilitate the self-administration of therapeutics including vaccines, RNA, and antigens, thus improving the translation of these products into effective clinical use.
Acoustic wonders of Crane Mountain reproduced in backyard
Authors: Tang Mingzhong , Yang Jingyou , Hua Shuoyan , Wang Sihui , Xiao Lintao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The chirping echo after a handclap in front of the stairs found in Crane Mountain and elsewhere in the world are caused by periodic structures of the stairs acting as acoustic gratings. The sound notes of specific frequencies are enhanced due to interference effect. We reproduced the fantastic acoustic phenomena found in Crane Mountain (‘chirping sound of echoing crane’ and ‘dripping on celestial staircases’) with a ‘do it yourself’ model comprising an array of wooden boards. The ‘chirping echo’ and ‘dripping’ effects are clearly audible to human ears and can be used for demonstration in schools or public performance. With this device, we also verified that the grating equation in optics can be approximately applied to predict the chirping frequencies when incident angle and diffraction angel are small.
Periodic points and shadowing for generic Lebesgue measure-preserving interval maps
Authors: Bobok Jozef , Činč Jernej , Oprocha Piotr , Troubetzkoy Serge 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article we study dynamical behaviour of generic Lebesgue measure-preserving interval maps. We show that for each k ⩾ 1 the set of periodic points of period at least k is a Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension zero and of upper box dimension one. Moreover, we obtain analogous results also in the context of generic Lebesgue measure-preserving circle maps. Furthermore, building on the former results, we show that there is a dense collection of transitive Lebesgue measure-preserving interval maps whose periodic points have full Lebesgue measure and whose periodic points of period k have positive measure for each k ⩾ 1. Finally, we show that the generic continuous maps of the interval which preserve the Lebesgue measure satisfy the shadowing and periodic shadowing property.
Chemical Evolution During the Formation of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Sun Jingfei , Du Fujun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To study the chemical evolution during the formation of molecular clouds, we model three types of clouds with different density structures: collapsing spherical, collapsing ellipsoidal, and static spherical profiles. The collapsing models are better than the static models in matching the observational characteristics in typical molecular clouds. This is mainly because the gravity can speed up the formation of some important molecules (e.g., H2, CO, OH) by increasing the number density during collapse. The different morphologies of prolate, oblate, and spherical clouds lead to differences in chemical evolution, which are mainly due to their different evolution of number density. We also study the effect of initial chemical compositions on chemical evolution, and find that H atoms can accelerate OH formation by two major reactions: O + H → OH in gas phase and on dust grain surfaces, leading to the models in which hydrogen is mainly atomic initially better match observations than the models in which hydrogen is mainly molecular initially. Namely, to match observations, initially hydrogen must be mostly atomic. The CO molecules are able to form even without the pre-existence of H2. We also study the influence of gas temperature, dust temperature, intensity of interstellar radiation field and cosmic-ray ionization rate on chemical evolution in static clouds. The static CO clouds with high dust temperature, strong radiation field, and intensive cosmic rays are transient due to rapid CO destruction.
A novel AIEE active anti-B18H22 derivative-based Cu2+ and Fe3+ fluorescence off-on-off sensor
Authors: Xiong Linli , Zheng Yong , Wang Haibo , Yan Jiangyang , Huang Xuguang , Meng Hongyun , Tan Chunhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel fluorescence sensor for successive detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ based on anti-B18H22 derivative which possesses 5-hydroxyisoquinoline as an ionophore was synthesized via a one-pot and its structure and photophysical properties were characterized by NMR, HRMS, FTIR, UV–vis, PL and theoretical calculation. The fluorophore displays two emission peaks at 460 nm and 670 nm in THF solution coming from the emission of the locally excited state and intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence, respectively. The complex exhibited obvious aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics in THF/H2O solution by increasing the aqueous concentration from 70% to 95%. The AIEE molecules showed a high selectivity towards Cu2+ over other metal ions by forming a 2:1 metal-to-ligand complex in THF/H2O (fw = 20%) solution, the fluorescence intensity increased as a linear function of the Cu2+ concentration at 460 nm due to the inhibition of PET effect. The fluorescent emission was quenched linearly by the addition of Fe3+, which provides a method for successive determination of Cu2+ and Fe3+ based on ‘off-on-off’ fluorescence of the fluorescent. The detection limit of Cu2+ and Fe3+ was 5.7 × 10−6 M and 7.2 × 10−5 M respectively. Morever, a rapid identification of Cu2+ in the aqueous solution by naked eyes can be realized. In addition, the molecules were pH-sensitive, the fluorescence quenching can be observed in strongly alkaline environment. The method has been applied to the determination of copper ions in water samples with satisfactory results.
Green synthesis of sorbus pohuashanensis/aronia melanocarpa extracts functionalized ZnO nanoclusters and their applications
Authors: Huang Jin , Shao Kai , Sun Jixiang , Lin Yamei , Mu Liqiang , Fu Yujie , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ZnO nanoclusters (ZnO NCs) had been widely utilized in optoelectronics, sensors, dye removal, and antibacterial fields. To reduce or avoid the use of toxic, harmful, and costly chemical reagents, the Sorbus pohuashanensis and Aronia melanocarpa extracts were used to green synthesize ZnO NCs with superior adsorption ability for the organic dyes. The obtained ZnO NCs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM and SEM results indicated that the ZnO NCs tended to aggregate into large branching and sheet structures. EDS measurement confirmed the presence of zinc ions on the ZnO NCs. FTIR results revealed that the components of the fruits extracts were bounded on the surface of ZnO NCs. The primary application experiments demonstrated that the Sorbus pohuashanensis and Aronia melanocarpa extracts functionalized ZnO NCs possess effectively removing activity for organic dyes.
Microstructure evolution, texture development, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled 5052 aluminum alloy followed by annealing
Authors: Wu Jianxin , Djavanroodi Faramarz , Gode Ceren , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Attarilar Shokouh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aluminum alloys, especially the 5000 series, have drawn the attention of the transportation industry due to their lightweight and consequently reduced fuel consumption. In this regard, one of the major problems of this alloy is its low strength and ductility that can be solved using rolling and post-annealing. Accordingly, the present study concentrates on this issue. Microstructural images showed that the rolling process develops a lot of tangled and trapped dislocations in the sample, which gradually lead to the formation of dislocation bundles and networks. Subsequent annealing can produce a more homogeneous structure with clear grain boundaries and low dislocation density in the inner region of the grains. However, grain refinement efficiency through rolling is retained even after annealing. Initial and rolled Al5052 with the maximum intensity of 2.87 and 6.33 possess the lowest and highest overall texture. Also, post-annealing decreases the texture intensity to 6.33 and 4.87 at 150 and 200 °C, respectively. In this context, deformation texture components strengthen considerably after the rolling process due to the formation of shear bands, and they slightly weaken during heat treatment. Although the initial annealing of the as-received material does not cause discontinuous recrystallization during rolling, it may facilitate the material recovery before rolling. Post-annealing was found to decrease the improved effect of strength by rolling and increase the negative influence of ductility due to the inhibition of dislocation strengthening. The results showed that both dislocation density and the precipitation of Mg atoms are influential for electrical resistivity.
Designing silicon carbide heterostructures for quantum information science: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Harmon K J , Delegan N , Highland M J , He H , Zapol P , Heremans F J , Hruszkewycz S O 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) can be synthesized in a number of different structural forms known as polytypes with a vast array of optically active point defects of interest for quantum information sciences. The ability to control and vary the polytypes during SiC synthesis may offer a powerful methodology for the formation of new material architectures that expand our ability to manipulate these defects, including extending coherence lifetimes and enhancing room temperature operation. Polytypic control during synthesis presents a significant challenge given the extreme conditions under which SiC is typically grown and the number of factors that can influence polytype selection. In situ monitoring of the synthesis process could significantly expand our ability to formulate novel polytype structures. In this perspective, we outline the state of the art and ongoing challenges for precision synthesis in SiC. We discuss available in situ x-ray characterization methods that will be instrumental in understanding the atomic scale growth of SiC and defect formation mechanisms. We highlight optimistic use cases for SiC heterostructures that will become possible with in situ polytypic control and end by discussing extended opportunities for integration of ultrahigh quality SiC materials with other semiconductor and quantum materials.
Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation across the continental disjunct range of a sexually polymorphic aquatic plant
Authors: Yakimowski Sarah B , Southcott Laura , Barrett Spencer C H 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsReproductive systems enabling opportunities for self-fertilization influence population genetic structure and play a key role in colonization and genetic differentiation during range expansion. Because of their well-developed powers of dispersal, aquatic plants often have widespread disjunct geographical distributions, providing opportunities to investigate the role of reproductive systems in structuring genetic variation between parts of the range that differ in migration history and ecology.MethodsWe compared reproductive systems and spatial genetic structure of the freshwater aquatic macrophyte Sagittaria latifolia between disjunct western and eastern ranges of North America (NA). Populations of this species are most commonly either monoecious or dioecious. We examined chloroplast DNA haplotype variation to test the hypothesis that the western range of this species represents a secondary colonization from the east, and evaluated the roles of reproductive system differences and geography in structuring contemporary patterns of genetic variation at 11 polymorphic SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci.Key ResultsChloroplast haplotyping revealed a single haplotype in western NA compared to numerous haplotypes in eastern NA, consistent with a genetic bottleneck during westward migration. Estimates of genetic diversity in eastern NA populations differed significantly between reproductive systems, but this pattern was not evident in the western range. Eastern populations could be reliably assigned to genetic clusters based on their reproductive systems, whereas western populations clustered primarily by geographical location.ConclusionsThe sparser distribution of aquatic habitats in the drier western range of S. latifolia, combined with secondary colonization of this region, probably cause the lower genetic diversity and increased differentiation among populations, possibly overriding the effects of reproductive system evident in the eastern portion of the range. Our findings demonstrate that the complex interplay between migratory history, reproductive systems and habitat availability plays an important role in structuring spatial patterns of genetic variation in disjunct plant populations.
The diversification of the lynx lineage during the Plio-Pleistocene—evidence from a new smallLynxfrom Longdan, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Jianzuo Qigao , Li Lu , Madurell-Malapeira Joan , Wang Shiqi , Li Shijie , Fu Jiao , Chen Shanqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new small-sized lynx from Longdan, Gansu Province, China, Lynx hei sp. nov., is described in this study. The new species displays the characteristic Lynx generic traits, such as distinct buccal grooves in the upper canine, presence of an anterior groove in the upper canine, absence of upper premolar 2, and a moderately developed mastoid process, but it is markedly smaller than the previously described Lynx issiodorensis specimens from the same site and is also smaller overall than most living species, comparable to Lynx rufus in size. The new species has a relatively wide and deep zygomatic arch, similar to that of living Lynx lynx, Lynx pardinus and Lynx canadensis but wider than that of Lynx rufus. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that Lynx hei falls within the crown group Lynx, being the sister to Lynx rufus or, less probably, a sister to Lynx issiodorensis + three other living species of Lynx. The Plio-Pleistocene Lynx issiodorensis is supported as the ancestor of Lynx lynx, Lynx pardinus and Lynx canadensis. Our phylogenetic study suggests that Lynx diversification over the Plio-Pleistocene was achieved initially by body size differentiation, putatively forced by intraspecific competition with other carnivorans, followed by morphological divergence.
From cardiorenal syndromes to cardionephrology: a reflection by nephrologists on renocardiac syndromes
Authors: Quiroga Borja , Ortiz Alberto , Navarro-González Juan F , Santamaría Rafael , de Sequera Patricia , Díez Javier 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) are broadly defined as disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. CRS are currently classified into five categories, mostly based on disease-initiating events and their acuity or chronicity. CRS types 3 and 4 (also called renocardiac syndromes) refer to acute and chronic kidney dysfunction resulting in acute and chronic heart dysfunction, respectively. The notion of renocardiac syndromes has broadened interest in kidney–heart interactions but uncertainty remains in the nephrological community's understanding of the clinical diversity, pathophysiological mechanisms and optimal management approaches of these syndromes. This triple challenge that renocardiac syndromes (and likely other cardiorenal syndromes) pose to the nephrologist can only be faced through a specific and demanding training plan to enhance his/her cardiological scientific knowledge and through an appropriate clinical environment to develop his/her cardiological clinical skills. The first must be the objective of the subspecialty of cardionephrology (or nephrocardiology) and the second must be the result of collaboration with cardiologists (and other specialists) in cardiorenal care units. This review will first consider various aspects of the challenges that renocardiac syndromes pose to nephrologists and, then, will discuss those aspects of cardionephrology and cardiorenal units that can facilitate an effective response to the challenges.
Serum bilirubin and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Lee Yeonhee , Kang Min Woo , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Further investigation is needed to determine the causal effects of serum bilirubin on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
This study is a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Among the well-known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to serum bilirubin levels, rs4149056 in the SLCO1B1 gene was selected as the genetic instrument for single-variant MR analysis, as it was found to be less related to possible confounders than other SNPs. The association between genetic predisposition for bilirubin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or CKD was assessed in 337 129 individuals of white British ancestry from the UK Biobank cohort. Two-sample MR based on summary-level data was also performed. SNPs related to total or direct bilirubin levels were collected from a previous genome-wide association study and confounder-associated SNPs were discarded. The independent CKDGen meta-analysis data for CKD were employed as the outcome summary statistics.

Results
The alleles of rs4149056 associated with higher bilirubin levels were associated with better kidney function in the UK Biobank data. In the summary-level MR, both of the genetically predicted total bilirubin {per 5 µmol/L increase; odds ratio [OR] 0.931 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.871–0.995]} and direct bilirubin [per 1 µmol/L increase; OR 0.910 (95% CI 0.834–0.993)] levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of CKD, supported by the causal estimates from various MR sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
Genetic predisposition for higher serum bilirubin levels is associated with better kidney function. This result suggests that higher serum bilirubin levels may have causal protective effects against kidney function impairment.
Capital Theory and Effective Demand
Authors: Bhaduri Amit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using simple national income accounting and a fixed coefficient two sector model this paper examines how the problem of capital valuation upsets the foundations of the marginal productivity theory of distribution. Assuming no capital valuation problem and zero Wicksell effect, both marginalist theory and the labour theory of value hold. However, the same equation that makes the Wicksell effect zero also entails the profit realization condition of effective demand for the ‘golden age’. This argument is extended providing a new perspective to the link between effective demand and capital theory.