bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between schizotypal traits and satisfaction with life among Chinese young adults: The mediating effect of trait anxiety and mind wandering
Authors: Zhang Qin , Jia Lu‐xia , Cui Ji‐fang , Wang Qian , Ye Jun‐yan , Shi Hai‐song , Wang Ya , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSchizotypal traits have been found to be negatively associated with satisfaction with life but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the association between schizotypal traits and satisfaction with life and explored the mediating role of trait anxiety and mind wandering in the relationship between those two variables in a sample of Chinese young adults. One hundred and two individuals with high schizotypal traits and 104 individuals with low schizotypal traits were screened using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. They completed a series of questionnaires including the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Mind Wandering Questionnaire. Results showed that: First, the high schizotypal trait group showed lower satisfaction with life, and higher trait anxiety and mind wandering frequency than the low schizotypal trait group. Second, the high schizotypal trait group, trait anxiety, and mind wandering negatively predicted satisfaction with life. Third, mediation analyses showed that all indirect effect paths in the mediation model were significant, that is, trait anxiety and mind wandering alone and together mediated the relationship between schizotypal trait group and satisfaction with life. In conclusion, high schizotypal trait is a risk factor for low satisfaction with life. The association between schizotypal traits and satisfaction with life was mediated by the combination of trait anxiety and mind wandering. This study has implications for improving life satisfaction in individuals with high schizotypal traits.
Functional structure of plant communities along salinity gradients in Iranian salt marshes
Authors: Matinzadeh Zeinab , López‐Angulo Jesús , Escudero Adrián , Palacio Sara , Abedi Mehdi , Akhani Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSalt marshes are unique habitats between sea or saline lakes and land that need to be conserved from the effects of global change. Understanding the variation in functional structure of plant community along environmental gradients is critical to predict the response of plant communities to ongoing environmental changes. We evaluated the changes in the functional structure of halophytic communities along soil gradients including salinity, in Iranian salt marshes; Lake Urmia, Lake Meyghan, Musa estuary, and Nayband Bay (Iran). We established 48 plots from 16 sites in four salt marshes and sampled 10 leaves per species to measure leaf functional traits. Five soil samples were sampled from each plot and 30 variables were analyzed. We examined the changes in the functional structure of plant communities (i.e., functional diversity [FD] and community weighted mean [CWM]) along local soil gradients using linear mixed effect models. Our results showed that FD and CWM of leaf thickness tended to increase with salinity, while those indices related to leaf shape decreased following soil potassium content. Our results suggest that the variations in functional structure of plant communities along local soil gradients reveal the effect of different ecological processes (e.g., niche differentiation related to the habitat heterogeneity) that drive the assembly of halophytic plant communities in SW Asian salt marshes.
Mit eROSITA und eBOSS auf der Jagd nach Dunkler Materie und Energie
Authors: Comparat Johan , Predehl Peter 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten zehn Jahren haben wir unter Nutzung von zwanzig Jahren SDSS‐Beobachtung die Expansionsgeschichte des Universums in sechs verschiedenen Epochen mit Prozentgenauigkeit gemessen. Diese Messungen unterstützen nachdrücklich die Existenz von Dunkler Materie und Dunkler Energie. Beobachtungen von Galaxienhaufen haben gezeigt, welches Potenzial sie bei der Untersuchung haben, wie die kosmischen Strukturen in den letzten acht Milliarden Jahren gewachsen sind. Sie sind die idealen Marksteine für Dunkle Materie. Im kommenden Jahrzehnt werden Observatorien wie DESI, Euclid und 4MOST die Expansionshistorie über je 500 Millionen Jahre mit Genauigkeiten unter 1 % messen. Damit sollte das Mysterium der Evolution der Geometrie des Universums enthüllt werden. Das eROSITA‐Weltraumteleskop wird die lang erwartete vollständige Stichprobe aller Galaxienhaufen liefern. Wir werden die dichtesten Punkte des Universums genau lokalisieren und aufzeichnen, wie diese Strukturen gewachsen sind. Damit lässt sich verstehen, wie sich diese Giganten entwickelt haben. Angesichts solcher Beobachtungen werden wir hoffentlich die Gesetze der Schwerkraft auf den größten Skalen und das Rätsel der Dunklen Energie besser verstehen.
Schach auf dem Eis
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Thaller Sigrid 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungCurling hat Ähnlichkeiten mit unterschiedlichen Sportarten wie Bowling, Kegeln, Boule, Eisstockschießen oder Billard. In der Spielstrategie wird es mit Schach und Go verglichen. Es erfordert hohe Konzentration über einen langen Zeitraum. Hinzu kommt die äußerst kräftezehrende Technik, die Bahn des Curlingsteins durch heftiges Besenwischen zu beeinflussen. Diese Technik darf sowohl die Mannschaft, die gerade am Spielzug ist, als auch die gegnerische Mannschaft einsetzen. Durch Rotation des schlitternden Steins wird dessen Bahn gekrümmt (Curl), was der Sportart ihren Namen gab. Warum der Stein dabei in Rotationsrichtung und nicht entgegengesetzt abbiegt, ist physikalisch nicht abschließend geklärt.
Quantum Hotspots: Mean Fields, Open EFTs, Nonlocality and Decoherence Near Black Holes
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Holman R. , Kaplanek G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffective theories describing black hole exteriors resemble open quantum systems inasmuch as many unmeasurable degrees of freedom beyond the horizon interact with those we can see. A solvable Caldeira‐Leggett type model of a quantum field that mixes with many unmeasured thermal degrees of freedom on a shared surface was proposed in arXiv:2106.09854 to provide a benchmark against which more complete black hole calculations might be compared. We here use this model to test two types of field‐theoretic approximation schemes that also lend themselves to describing black hole behaviour: Open EFT techniques (as applied to the fields themselves, rather than Unruh‐DeWitt detectors) and mean‐field methods. Mean‐field methods are of interest because the effective Hamiltonians to which they lead can be nonlocal; a possible source for the nonlocality that is sometimes entertained as being possible for black holes in the near‐horizon regime. Open EFTs compute the evolution of the field state, allowing discussion of thermalization and decoherence even when these occur at such late times that perturbative methods fail (as they often do). Applying both of these methods to a solvable system identifies their domains of validity and shows how their predictions relate to more garden‐variety perturbative tools.
Nimbolide attenuates gut dysbiosis and prevents bacterial translocation by improving intestinal barrier integrity and ameliorating inflammation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ram Amit Kumar , Vairappan Balasubramaniyan , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGut microbiota imbalance plays a key pathological role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. We previously showed nimbolide impede tumor development by improving hepatic tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and attenuating inflammation in HCC mice. Here, we aimed to study the role of nimbolide in regulating gut microbiota imbalance and bacterial translocation (BT) through modulating intestinal TJ proteins in an experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Nimbolide (6 mg/kg) was administered orally for 4 weeks following induction of HCC in mice at the 28th week. Nimbolide treatment attenuated the gut microbiota imbalance by decreasing 16 s rRNA levels of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Bacteroides and increasing Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in the intestinal tissue, which was otherwise altered in HCC mice. Furthermore, nimbolide improved intestinal barrier integrity in HCC mice by upregulating TJ proteins such as occludin and ZO‐1 expression and subsequently prevented hepatic BT and decreased BT markers such as LBP, sCD14, and procalcitonin in the plasma of HCC mice. Moreover, nimbolide ameliorated intestinal and hepatic inflammation by downregulating TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB protein expression in HCC mice. Thus, nimbolide represents a novel therapeutic drug for HCC treatment by targeting the gut–liver axis, which plays an imperative role in HCC pathogenesis.
The effect of stochastically perturbed parametrisation tendencies (SPPT) on rapidly ascending air streams
Authors: Pickl Moritz , Lang Simon T. K. , Leutbecher Martin , Grams Christian M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe stochastically perturbed parametrisation tendency (SPPT) scheme is a well‐established technique in ensemble forecasting to address model uncertainty by introducing perturbations into the tendencies provided by the physics parametrisations. The magnitude of the perturbations scales with the local net parametrisation tendency, resulting in large perturbations where diabatic processes are active. Rapidly ascending air streams, such as warm conveyor belts (WCBs) and organized tropical convection, are often driven by cloud diabatic processes and are therefore prone to such perturbations. This study investigates the effects of SPPT and initial condition perturbations on rapidly ascending air streams by computing trajectories in sensitivity experiments with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system, which are set up to disentangle the effects of initial conditions and physics perturbations. The results demonstrate that SPPT systematically increases the frequency of rapidly ascending air streams. The effect is observed globally, but is enhanced in regions where the latent heating along the trajectories is larger. Despite the frequency changes, there are only minor modifications to the physical properties of the trajectories due to SPPT. In contrast to SPPT, initial condition perturbations do not affect WCBs and tropical convection systematically. An Eulerian perspective on vertical velocities reveals that SPPT increases the frequency of strong upward motions compared with experiments with unperturbed model physics. Consistent with the altered vertical motions, precipitation rates are also affected by the model physics perturbations. The unperturbed control member shows the same characteristics as the experiments without SPPT regarding rapidly ascending air streams. We make use of this to corroborate the findings from the sensitivity experiments by analyzing the differences between perturbed and unperturbed members in operational ensemble forecasts of ECMWF. Finally, we give an explanation of how symmetric, zero‐mean perturbations can lead to a unidirectional response when applied in a nonlinear system.
Thermal decomposition and fire‐extinguishing mechanism of N(CF2CF3)3 by ReaxFF‐based molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory calculation
Authors: Tao Neng , Cheng Yuan , Xing Haoran , Lo Siuming , Lu Song , Zhang Heping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince halon fire‐extinguishing agents are forbidden to be used due to environmental concerns, it is necessary to explore new environmentally friendly fire‐extinguishing agents. Perfluorotriethylamine (N(CF2CF3)3) with good physicochemical properties is a potential substitute for halons. To evaluate its practicability as the halon substitute, the thermal decomposition performance and mechanism of N(CF2CF3)3 were systematically investigated by combining experiment and theory in this study. The initiation reaction of N(CF2CF3)3 thermal decomposition was calculated by density functional theory. The reactive molecular dynamics simulations based on the reactive force field were used to investigate the thermal decomposition process of N(CF2CF3)3 at different temperatures, including the intermediates, decomposition temperature, and product distribution. To examine the actual fire‐extinguishing performance of N(CF2CF3)3, its fire‐extinguishing concentration in the n‐heptane‐air flame was measured by the cup‐burner method. Finally, the chemical fire‐extinguishing mechanism of N(CF2CF3)3 was proposed. N(CF2CF3)3 was pyrolyzed during the interaction with flame, producing the fire extinguishing radical CF3∙, which further consumed the active H∙ and OH∙ radicals by reactions.
Development and validation of a liquid chromeatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of medium‐ and long‐chain saturated fatty acids in hamster plasma samples
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Qingli , Tong Yue , Jiang Jianlan , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2022

RationaleSaturated fatty acids (SFAs) are associated with many diseases in humans. Developing a reliable analytical method to analyze SFAs in plasma is essential to understand their biological activities. An ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the quantification of medium‐ and long‐chain SFAs (M/LCSFAs) in hamster plasma.MethodsWe compared three methods (DOLE, Folch and MTBE) for extracting M/LCSFAs from plasma. The M/LCSFA derivatives were separated using a C18 column. The method was validated and applied to analyze M/LCSFA concentrations in normal‐fat diet (NFD) and high‐fat diet (HFD) hamster plasma.ResultsAmong the three extraction methods, the DOLE method had the highest extraction recovery and was simple to operate with a short incubation time. All of the calibration curves exhibited good linear relationships (r ≥ 0.9958). The results for selectivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effects and recovery were all within the acceptance criteria. In HFD hamster plasma, the concentration of M/LCSFAs with even‐carbon chain length was significantly increased.ConclusionsA simple, robust and reproducible method for the simultaneous quantification of M/LCSFAs by UHPLC/MS/MS was developed and validated. The method gave successfully quantification of M/LCSFAs in plasma samples from NFD and HFD hamsters.
A tree‐based gene–environment interaction analysis with rare features
Authors: Liu Mengque , Zhang Qingzhao , Ma Shuangge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene–environment (G‐E) interaction analysis plays a critical role in understanding and modeling complex diseases. Compared to main‐effect‐only analysis, it is more seriously challenged by higher dimensionality, weaker signals, and the unique “main effects, interactions” variable selection hierarchy. In joint G‐E interaction analysis under which a large number of G factors are analyzed in a single model, effort tailored to rare features (e.g., SNPs with low minor allele frequencies) has been limited. Existing investigations on rare features have been mostly focused on marginal analysis, where various data aggregation techniques have been developed, and hypothesis testings have been conducted to identify significant aggregated features. However, such techniques cannot be extended to joint G‐E interaction analysis. In this study, building on a very recent tree‐based data aggregation technique, which has been developed for main‐effect‐only analysis, we develop a new G‐E interaction analysis approach tailored to rare features. The adopted data aggregation technique allows for more efficient information borrowing from neighboring rare features. Similar to some existing state‐of‐the‐art ones, the proposed approach adopts penalization for variable selection, regularized estimation, and respect of the variable selection hierarchy. Simulation shows that it has more accurate identification of important interactions and main effects than several competing alternatives. In the analysis of NFBC1966 study, the proposed approach leads to findings different from the alternatives and with satisfactory prediction and stability performance.
Preparation, Characterization of Green Synthesis CeO2 Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Activity towards Malachite Green Dye
Authors: El‐Salamony Radwa A. , Aboutaleb Wael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of green ceria nanoparticles using Aloe Vera leaf extract was conducted in this study and comparison with the chemical synthesis one. The prepared samples were characterized and the photoactivity of the prepared ceria was estimated towards the degradation of malachite green dye under UV irradiation. The photodegradation% reached maximum in the case of using 3 g/L of the ceria nanoparticles prepared chemically. This is related mainly to the superior properties of the prepared ceria. Like surface area, lattice parameter, particle size, the concentration of Ce3+ ions, oxygen vacancies, adsorbed .OH radicals, and optical properties. Finally; the scavenger experiments indicated that the .OH and h+ radicals play a main role in the photodegradation process in comparison to O2.− radical.
Scrutiny of Novel Tosylacrylimidamide as Non‐Classical Bioisosteres of Sulfonylurea in Type II Diabetes Mellitus through Synthesis, In Vitro and Docking Studies
Authors: Surve Santosh K. , Gurav Rutikesh , Gurav Akshay , Lasonkar Pradeep , Kondre Jeevan , Kalalawe Veerabhadra , Gawali Sunita S. , Hangirgekar Shankar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSulfonylureas is being used throughout the world for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate mode of action of tosylacrylimidamide. Tosylacrylimidamide a non‐classical bioisosteres of sulfonyl urea, bioisosteres refer to structurally distinct molecules eliciting a similar biological effect. In the present study we have determined the ability of tosylacrylimidamide to stimulate insulin secretion from MIN‐6 cells. The compounds were tested in the presence of 5 mM glucose concentration, our results indicates that compound 4 e, 4 f, 4 g were the most effective insulin secretagogue's amongst reported, then 4 e, 4 f, 4 g were further evaluated at various concentration of compound keeping glucose concentration constant (5 mM), resulting 4 e showed 4.34 fold increase in insulin secretion at 1 mg/ml of compound, 4 f showed 7.4 fold increase in insulin secretion at 5 mg/ml of compound and 4 g has shown 7.6 fold increase in insulin secretion at 5 mg/ml of compound. The rest of the tosylacrylimidamide in our assay had only marginal effects on insulin secretion
Performance Comparison of [ONS]‐Type and [ONO]‐Type Schiff Bases in the Acylphosphonylation of Aldehyde
Authors: Zhang Guangwei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Han , Wen Yeqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo novel [ONS]‐type tridentate Schiff base ligands were prepared and employed in the acylphosphonylation of aldehyde. Ligand L1 was derived from 2‐amino‐3‐methylbutane‐1‐thiol and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl salicylaldehyde, and L1/Ti(Oi‐Pr)4 exhibited moderate to good activities to produce α‐acyloxyphosphonate. Furthermore, the performance difference of L1 and the traditional [ONO]‐type tridentate Schiff base L3 coordinating with TiIV or AlIII was also investigated.
Coupling of N‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon and N‐Ti3C2 in 2D Sandwiched Heterostructure for Enhanced Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Gou Zhaolin , Qu Huiqi , Liu Hanfang , Ma Yiru , Zong Lingbo , Li Bin , Xie Congxia , Li Zhenjiang , Li Wei , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract2D heterostructures provide a competitive platform to tailor electrical property through control of layer structure and constituents. However, despite the diverse integration of 2D materials and their application flexibility, tailoring synergistic interlayer interactions between 2D materials that form electronically coupled heterostructures remains a grand challenge. Here, the rational design and optimized synthesis of electronically coupled N‐doped mesoporous defective carbon and nitrogen modified titanium carbide (Ti3C2) in a 2D sandwiched heterostructure, is reported. First, a F127‐polydopamine single‐micelle‐directed interfacial assembly strategy guarantees the construction of two surrounding mesoporous N‐doped carbon monolayers assembled on both sides of Ti3C2 nanosheets. Second, the followed ammonia post‐treatment successfully introduces N elements into Ti3C2 structure and more defective sites in N‐doped mesoporous carbon. Finally, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and theoretical calculation prove the synergistic coupled electronic effect between N‐Ti3C2 and defective N‐doped carbon active sites in the 2D sandwiched heterostructure. Compared with the control 2D samples (0.87–0.88 V, 4.90–5.15 mA cm−2), the coupled 2D heterostructure possesses the best onset potential of 0.90 V and limited density current of 5.50 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, this catalyst exhibits superior methanol tolerance and cyclic durability. This design philosophy opens up a new thought for tailoring synergistic interlayer interactions between 2D materials.
Sustained Exosome‐Guided Macrophage Polarization Using Hydrolytically Degradable PEG Hydrogels for Cutaneous Wound Healing: Identification of Key Proteins and MiRNAs, and Sustained Release Formulation
Authors: Kwak Gijung , Cheng Jing , Kim Hyosuk , Song Sukyung , Lee Su Jin , Yang Yoosoo , Jeong Ji Hoon , Lee Ji Eun , Messersmith Phillip B. , Kim Sun Hwa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMacrophages (Mφs) are characterized by remarkable plasticity, an essential component of chronic inflammation. Thus, an appropriate and timely transition from proinflammatory (M1) to anti‐inflammatory (M2) Mφs during wound healing is vital to promoting resolution of acute inflammation and enhancing tissue repair. Herein, exosomes derived from M2‐Mφs (M2‐Exos), which contain putative key regulators driving Mφ polarization, are used as local microenvironmental cues to induce reprogramming of M1‐Mφs toward M2‐Mφs for effective wound management. As an injectable controlled release depot for exosomes, hydrolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels (Exogels) are designed and employed for encapsulating M2‐Exos to maximize their therapeutic effects in cutaneous wound healing. The degradation time of the hydrogels is adjustable from 6 days or up to 27 days by controlling the crosslinking density and tightness. The localization of M2‐Exos leads to a successful local transition from M1‐Mφs to M2‐Mφs within the lesion for more than 6 days, followed by enhanced therapeutic effects including rapid wound closure and increased healing quality in an animal model for cutaneous wound healing. Collectively, the hydrolytically degradable PEG hydrogel‐based exosome delivery system may serve as a potential tool in regulating local polarization state of Mφs, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis and wound repair.