bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-institutional politics and social movements as its actors
Authors: Rybakov Andrew Vyacheslavovich 
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study is non-institutional politics and its role in modern socio-political processes in the context of social movements. The thesis is substantiated that protest is a common element of the reasons for the growing importance of non-institutional politics, which brings together and even includes non-institutional politics in traditional politics. It represents the central analytical category around which the theoretical justification of the above position is based – currently, non-institutional politics has become part of the so-called traditional politics. The arguments in favor of this thesis can be divided into two main directions: the first, systemic, concerns the transformations that have influenced institutionalized politics in democratic systems over the past half century, the second, participatory, refers to the multifaceted development of social movements. Both involve a wide range of factors that interact in the development of non-institutional politics and, consequently, increase its rank and legitimacy. The tasks set required an appropriate theoretical and methodological basis for the study, which was compiled by the political science concepts of civil society, the theory of democracy (polyarchy). The paradigms of social movement research were taken into account: the paradigm of collective behavior, the theory of collective action (resource mobilization), the paradigm of new social movements. A systematic approach and methods of comparative historical analysis of social and political phenomena were used. The main subject of protest, challenge and formation of non-institutionalized politics are new social movements. Social movements are represented by an informal network of organizations and people united by collective identity, common values and aimed at expanding the boundaries of existing non-institutional politics and transforming socio-political design in the form of protest activities. The activity of these movements indicates that in modern post-industrial society, power is becoming fragmented. Classical political models based on class struggle within the framework of traditional political institutions are gradually being replaced by new forms of governance and communication, including non-institutionalized politics, the politics of democratic pluralism. New social movements are opposed to the traditional methods of decision-making by the bureaucracy, are organized on decentralized, networked principles and act as a factor in an increasingly deep dispersion of power in modern society.
Post-combat personality changes of combat veterans
Authors: Lytkin Vladimir Mikhailovich , Zun Sergei Andreevich , Kolodin Sergei Nikolaevich , Yatmanov Aleksei Nikolaevich 
Published: January 2025

The problem of post-combat personality changes in combat veterans over the past decades has become particularly important both in socio-psychological and clinical and organizational aspects. The purpose of the work: to study the features of post-combat personality changes of combat veterans. The subject of the study is personal changes of veterans of combat operations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The object of the research is scientific publications on the research topic. Special attention is paid to both the historical aspects of the study of post-combat personality changes of veterans, as well as modern ideas about personality development and views on its pathological development. The conceptual approaches to the problem of post-combat personality changes of combatants within the framework of various models of combat stress and combat post-traumatic stress disorders are considered. Materials and methods: the literature of the RSCI citation database was analyzed (elibrary.ru ) by keyword queries: "combat veteran", "combatant", "personality changes". The analysis includes 23 papers, 87% of which were published later than 2004. The review article provides an analysis of personal changes of Russian combat veterans in clinical, descriptive and conceptual directions. Descriptions of post-traumatic personality changes in combat post-traumatic stress disorder are presented. The close interrelation of the concepts of combat stress, combat mental trauma, and combat post-traumatic stress disorders is noted. Attention is focused on the important role of the social aspect in solving the complex problem of post-combat personal changes in combatants. Taking into account modern (sometimes very controversial) ideas about personality disorders and socio-psychological characteristics of society in the context of a special military operation, the problem of post-combat personal changes of combat veterans is, in our opinion, becoming increasingly relevant, which implies further comprehensive development of this problem.
In vitro Anti-venom Effect of Catunaregam nilotica (STAPF) Root Extracts against Echis ocellatus Phospholipase A2 Activity
Authors: Kankara Idris Aliyu , Ibrahim Akos Noel , Onoja Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study evaluates the inhibitory effect of the crude extract of Catunaregam nilotica (STAPF) and its fraction against Echis ocellatus phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity using an In vitro approach.
Study Design: In-vitro Anti-venom Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria, between September to December, 2024.
Methodology: Crude extraction was performed through cold maceration and fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning using solvents that increased polarity. The phytochemical contents were screened using standard methods. The inhibitory effect of the crude extracts and their fraction against PLA2 activity was evaluated via the in-vitro acidimetry method.
Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids in the crude extracts. The in-vitro inhibition assay results revealed that both the hexane and the ethyl acetate fractions significantly inhibited the activity of PLA2 (P<0.05) compared with the venom controls in varying degrees of efficacy.
Conclusion: This study supports the potential of medicinal plants in developing effective anti-venom therapies. Further studies are recommended to isolate the active compound and elucidate its mechanism of action.
Competitive Coordination‐Oriented Monodispersed Ruthenium Sites in Conductive MOF/LDH Hetero‐Nanotree Catalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Shuo , Ma Ze‐Lin , Yan Li‐Ting , Zhao Xue‐Bo , Xue Ying‐Ying , Huo Jia‐Min , Yuan Xiao , Li Shu‐Ni , Zhai Quan‐Guo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRational exploration of efficient, inexpensive, and robust electrocatalysts is critical for the efficient water splitting. Conjugated conductive metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs) with multicomponent layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to construct bifunctional heterostructure catalysts are considered as an efficient but complicated strategy. Here, the fabrication of a cMOF/LDH hetero‐nanotree array catalyst (CoNiRu‐NT) coupled with monodispersed ruthenium (Ru) sites via a controllable grafted‐growth strategy is reported. Rich‐amino hexaiminotriphenylene linkers coordinate with the LDH nanotrunk to form cMOF nanobranches, providing numerous anchoring sites to precisely confine and stabilize RuN4 sites. Moreover, monodispersed and reduced Ru moieties facilitate H2O adsorption and dissociation, and the heterointerface between the cMOF and the LDH further modifies the chemical and electronic structures. Optimized CoNiRu‐NT displays a significant increase in electrochemical water‐splitting properties in alkaline media, affording low overpotentials of 22 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 255 mV at 20 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. In an actual electrochemical system, CoNiRu‐NT drives an overall water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This performance is comparable to that of pure noble‐metal‐based materials and superior to most reported MOF‐based catalysts.
A Universal Strategy for Growing a Tenacious Hydrogel Coating from a Sticky Initiation Layer
Authors: Xu Rongnian , Zhang Yunlei , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Zhengfeng , Yu Bo , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractControllably coating the surfaces of substrates/medical devices with hydrogels exhibits great application potential, but lacks universal techniques. Herein, a new method, namely ultraviolet‐triggered surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization (UV‐SCIRP) from a sticky initiation layer (SIL) (SIL@UV‐SCIRP), is proposed for growing hydrogel coatings. The method involves three key steps: 1) depositing a sticky polydopamine/Fe3+ coating on the surface of the substrates‐SIL, 2) reducing Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ ions as active catalysts by UV illumination with the assistance of citric acid, and 3) conducting SCIRP in a monomer solution at room temperature for growing hydrogel coatings. In this manner, practically any substrate's surface (natural or artificial materials) can be modified by hydrogel coatings with controllable thickness and diverse compositions. The hydrogel coatings exhibit good interface bonding with the substrates and enable easy changes in their wettability and lubrication performances. Importantly, this novel method facilitates the smooth growth of uniform hydrogel lubrication coatings on the surface of a range of medical devices with complex geometries. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, the slippery balls coated with hydrogel exhibited smooth movement within the catheter and esophagus. Hence, this method can prove to be a pioneering universal modification tool, especially in surface/interface science and engineering.
Generation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Coordinated Thermally Stable Halogen Cation Pools for C−H Halogenation
Authors: Dalai Pallaba Ganjan , Palit Kuntal , Panda Niranjan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA method to generate halogen cation pools from the reaction of 1,2‐dihaloethanes (hal=Br, I) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for C−H halogenation of arenes and heteroarenes was reported. The initial reaction of DMSO and 1,2‐dihaloethane generates the sulfur ylide, which undergoes pyrolytic elimination of ethylene by affording halonium ions. These ions were accumulated and stabilized by DMSO through coordination by forming halogen cation pools for the halogenation reaction. This protocol was selective for electrophilic monohalogenation of arenes at room temperature; however, polyhalogenated products were formed by raising the reaction temperature. Late‐stage halogenation of heteroarenes and some commonly marketed drugs signifies the synthetic utility of this protocol in pharmaceutical chemistry. Unlike the classical methods, the in‐situ generated electrophilic bromonium ion was further exploited for the direct synthesis of α‐diketones from the alkenes under base‐free conditions.magnified image
Aminocatalytic Alkylation of Indene‐2‐Carbaldehydes via Pentaenamine Activation
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Topolska Aleksandra , Skrzyńska Anna , Frankowski Sebastian , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the manuscript an application of amino isobenzofulvene intermediates as pentaenamines undergoing 1,6‐addition is described. As a result an alkylation of the indene ring of the starting indene‐2‐carbaldehydes with para‐quinone methides is achieved. Stereoselectivity of the process is controlled by C2‐symmetric 2,5‐diphenylpyrrolidine. The developed process exploits the reactivity of amino isobenzofulvene intermediates derived from indene‐2‐carbaldehydes in a non‐cycloadditive manner.magnified image
Mapping crosslinking reaction–structure–property relationship in polyether‐based vinylogous urethane vitrimers
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Jin‐Jin , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Zhou Yin‐Ning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVitrimers with dynamic covalent bonds are sustainable alternatives for traditional thermosetting polymers. The variations of building block alter the properties of vitrimers, but obstruct detailed structure–property correlations. Besides, a recognizable crosslinking reaction is responsible for the network structures of vitrimers. Herein, we investigated the effects of building block variations (i.e., the content of crosslinker, and the type and molar mass of polymer matrix) on the crosslinking kinetics, as well as on the static and dynamic properties using polyether‐based vinylogous urethane vitrimers as model system. The kinetics of crosslinking tracked by in situ FTIR provides an insightful understanding on the vitrimer yield and formation rate under conditions. And the apparent rate coefficient (k) was linearly correlated to the crosslinking density (νe) in case of different polymer matrixes being used. In addition, based on the classical theoretical models we also realized the correlations between the static property (i.e., glass transition temperature, Tg) and νe, as well as the dynamic property (i.e., topology freezing temperature, Tv) and νe. Tg has been found to be exclusively positively related to νe, while Tv is jointly determined by νe and the content of free amine. This strategy to establish reaction–structure–property relationship bridged by the crosslinking density will guide the preparation of novel, tailor‐made sustainable polymeric materials.
Effective absorption of SO2 by imidazole‐based protic ionic liquids with multiple active sites: Thermodynamic and mechanical studies
Authors: Liu Ping , Cai Kaixing , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhao Tianxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn view of the environmental hazards caused by SO2, the development of efficient SO2 capture technology has important practical significance. In this work, a low‐viscosity protic ionic liquids containing imidazole (Im), ether linkage, and tertiary amine structure was synthesized by acid–base neutralization of tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)amine (TMEA) and Im for SO2 absorption. The results showed that the solubility of SO2 in [TMEA][Im] reached 12.754 mol kg−1 at 298.2 K and 1 bar and the ideal selectivity of SO2/CO2 (1/1) is 141.7 at 1 bar. Furthermore, [TMEA][Im] can be reused and the SO2 absorption performance was not significantly reduced after five cycles. In addition, the absorption of low‐concentration SO2 (2000 ppm) in [TMEA][Im] was also tested. Further spectroscopic research and thermodynamic analysis suggested that the high SO2 uptake by [TMEA][Im] was caused by the synergistic effect of physical and chemical absorption.
Fossil papilionoids of the Bowdichia clade (Leguminosae) from the Paleogene of North America
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. , Cardoso Domingos B. O. S. , Herrera Fabiany , Wing Scott L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPremiseUnderstanding the evolutionary history of flowering plants has been enriched by the integration of molecular phylogenies and evidence from the fossil record. Fossil fruits and leaves from the late Paleocene and Eocene of Wyoming and Eocene of Kentucky and Tennessee are described as extinct genera in the tropical American Bowdichia clade of the legume subfamily Papilionoideae. Recent phylogenetic study and taxonomic revision of the Bowdichia clade have facilitated understanding of relationships of the fossil taxa and their evolutionary implications and paleoenvironmental significance.MethodsThe fossils were studied using standard methods of specimen preparation and light microscopy and compared to fruits and leaves from extant legume taxa using herbarium collections. Phylogenetic relationships of the fossil taxa were assessed using morphology and DNA sequence data.ResultsTwo new fossil genera are described and their phylogenetic relationships are established. Paleobowdichia lamarensis is placed as sister to the extant genus Bowdichia and Tobya claibornensis is placed with the extant genera Guianodendron and Staminodianthus.ConclusionsThese fossils demonstrate that the tropical American Bowdichia clade was present in North America during a period when tropical or subtropical conditions prevailed in the northern Rocky Mountains during the late Paleocene and the Mississippi Embayment during the middle Eocene. These fossils also document that the Bowdichia clade had diversified by the late Paleocene when the fossil record of the family is relatively sparse. This result suggests that future work on early fossil legumes should focus on tropical and subtropical climatic zones, wherever they may occur latitudinally.
A novel phenolic compounds delivery system: Oral films with extract from camu‐camu industrial residue
Authors: Lourenço Carla Alves Monaco , dos Santos Garcia Vitor Augusto , Borges Josiane Gonçalves , Yoshida Cristiana Maria Pedroso , Vanin Fernanda Maria , de Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOral films perform promising alternatives to traditional oral delivery systems to carry and deliver bioactive compounds directly into the oral cavity. The objective of this work was to produce and evaluate oral films based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and pregelatinized starch incorporated with ethanolic extract from camu‐camu industrial residue (EECCIR). Although all films can be ingested without causing irritation to the oral mucosa, due to near‐neutral surface pH, the starch‐based oral films with and without the addition of EECCIR showed reduced tensile strength (5.48 ± 0.97 MPa) indicating inferior mechanical properties to films based on CMC and HPMC. The CMC films, in addition to shorter disintegration time (50 ± 5 s), showed faster release, about 70% of phenolic compounds in 10 min and 100% in 30 min. As for the release profile, the application of the Korsmeyer and Peppas and Peppas and Sahlin models allowed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the release of phenolic compounds. Although all three oral film formulations can be used as carriers of active compounds from the ethanolic extract of the camu‐camu residue, the oral films based on CMC incorporated with EECCIR showed greater potential.
Cascade proton relays facilitate electron transfer across hydrogen‐bonding network
Authors: Kim Heechan , Lee Dongwhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctioning as both hydrogen‐bonding donor and acceptor, the imidazole group of histidine holds a unique position in the proton transfer cascade of biological systems. For example, a histidine residue in the oxygen‐evolving photosystem II participates in the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction to facilitate light‐triggered one‐electron oxidation of a nearby tyrosine residue. As a minimalist synthetic model of such His–Tyr functional diad, three structural variants of benzimidazole–phenol conjugate were studied. We found that an increasing number of hydrogen bonds facilitate reversible one‐electron oxidation of the phenol ring. The reaction coordinates of this intriguing PCET process were mapped out by density functional theory computational studies to reveal oxidation‐driven conformational switching as an entry point to cascade proton relays stabilizing the phenoxyl radical. Strategic placement of hydrogen bonds thus tightly regulates the energy windows of electron transfer, which is an effective strategy for biological redoxphores of seemingly limited structural diversity.
Propane Dehydrogenation to Propylene and Propylene Adsorption on Ni and Ni‐Sn Catalysts
Authors: Robbins Jason P. , Ezeonu Lotanna , Tang Ziyu , Yang Xiaofang , Koel Bruce E. , Podkolzin Simon G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemperature programmed reaction (TPR) measurements with propane over silica‐supported Ni, Ni−Sn and Sn catalysts show that the reaction products change significantly from mostly methane, hydrogen and surface carbon over Ni to propylene and hydrogen over Ni−Sn. Propylene formation over Ni−Sn starts at a moderate temperature of 630 K. Since the activity of Sn by itself is low, Sn serves as a promoter for Ni. The promoter effects are attributed to a lower adsorption energy of molecularly adsorbed propylene and suppression of propylidyne formation on Ni−Sn based on temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) measurements as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations for propylene adsorption on Ni(110) and c(2×2)‐Sn/Ni(110) single‐crystal surfaces. On Ni, propylene forms a π‐bonded structure with ν(C=C) at 1500 cm−1, which desorbs at 170 K, and a di‐σ‐bonded structure with ν(C=C) at 1416 cm−1, which desorbs at 245 K. The di‐σ‐bonded structure is asymmetric, with the methylene C atom being in the middle of the Ni−Ni bridge site, and the methylidyne C atom being above one of these Ni atoms. Therefore, this structure can also be characterized as a hybrid between di‐σ‐ and π‐bonded structures. Only a fraction of propylene desorbs from Ni because propylene can convert into propylidyne, which decomposes further. In contrast, propylene forms only a π‐bonded structure on Ni−Sn with ν(C=C) at 1506 cm−1, which desorbs at 125 K. The low stability of this structure enables propylene to desorb fully, resulting in high reaction selectivity in propane dehydrogenation to propylene over the Ni−Sn catalyst.
Potassium transformation and release during biomass combustion
Authors: Deng Lei , Jiang Jiahao , Tie Yuan , Ma Shihao , Fan Gaofeng , Zhu Tao , Che Defu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo study the transformation and release of fuel K, the combustion of corn stalk and wheat straw were performed in a reactor with a fixed bed between 400–1000°C. Measurements of weight and elemental composition, chemical fractionation analysis, and low‐temperature ashing coupled with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted on biomass and residual samples. The effects of biomass species, temperature and duration time of combustion, oxygen concentration, and pretreatment of water washing were evaluated. The results show that compared with wheat straw, corn stalk has a lower K release, which is much more sensitive to the combustion temperature than to the oxygen concentration. The inorganic potassium occurs as KClO3 and KClO4 in wheat straw and KCl and KClO4 in corn stalk. K2SO4 appears through sulphation of KCl as combustion happens at 800°C or above. When the combustion temperature reached 900°C for corn stalk and 1000°C for wheat straw, some KCl changed into K2Si2O5, which contains insoluble K. K2Ca(SO4)2 appears as corn stalk and wheat straw are burnt at 1000 and 900°C, respectively. Along with the proceeding of wheat straw combustion, more ion‐exchangeable and water‐soluble K transform to the insoluble K with the increasing temperature. The pretreatment of water washing removes nearly all the water‐soluble K from the corn stalk and significantly decreases the K release from 3.26–0.27 mg g−1 in quantity and from 26.74%–14.84% in ratio at 1000°C, respectively.