bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal timing for lung metastasectomy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ichinose Junji , Hashimoto Kohei , Matsuura Yosuke , Nakao Masayuki , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Okumura Sakae , Mun Mingyon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The possibility of occult metastasis remains a concern when deciding on lung metastasectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of our two-step determination, which required confirmation that no new metastases had occurred over 3 months before surgery.

METHODS
Patients who were referred for colorectal lung metastases between 2007 and 2015 were reviewed. Immediate wedge resection was performed for cases with a single peripheral metastasis, whereas surgical indications for others were determined by the two-step determination. Early increase was defined as the emergence of new metastases within 4 months after the diagnosis of lung metastases.

RESULTS
Among 369 patients included, 92 were unresectable upon initial diagnosis, and 74 with single peripheral metastasis underwent immediate wedge resection. Surgical indications for the remaining 203 patients were ascertained based on the two-step determination. Surgery was not indicated in 48 patients (24%) due to new metastases or a favourable response to chemotherapy, with a median waiting duration of 4.8 months. Those who did not receive surgery had a worse prognosis than those who did (5-year overall survival: 21% vs 69%, P &lt; 0.001) and were comparable to the initially unresectable group (5-year overall survival: 23%). Thirty-eight patients with early increase had lower surgical resection rates and worse prognoses than those without. Multivariable analysis identified early increase as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 4.49, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with colorectal lung metastasis who developed new metastasis during the waiting period exhibited poor prognosis, suggesting the utility of the two-step determination of surgical indications.
A scoping study of the medication therapy related pharmacist services in the Western Pacific Region
Authors: Jackson John , Mishra Pradeep , Caliph Suzanne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the preferred terminologies, nature of services, perceived benefits and barriers to medication therapy-related pharmacist services in the Western Pacific region to facilitate the development of a framework for medication therapy management.

Method
A survey was completed by hospital and community pharmacists purposively selected by the national pharmacist associations.

Key findings
Pharmaceutical care was the preferred term with services predominantly related to medication safety and public health. The perceived barriers included lack of appropriate facility, time and funding.

Conclusion
A broader pharmaceutical care framework is a preferred approach to delivery of Good Pharmacy Practice in the region.
Understanding Early Pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in a Medical Center by Incorporating Public Sequencing Databases to Mitigate Bias
Authors: Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Schaeffer Beau , Taylor Bradford P , Bouton Tara C , Odom-Mabey Aubrey R , Weber Sarah E , Lodi Sara , Ragan Elizabeth J , Connor John H , Jacobson Karen R , Hanage William P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Throughout the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced risk of infection from within the workplace via patients and staff as well as from the outside community, complicating our ability to resolve transmission chains in order to inform hospital infection control policy. Here we show how the incorporation of sequences from public genomic databases aided genomic surveillance early in the pandemic when circulating viral diversity was limited.

Methods
We sequenced a subset of discarded, diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 isolates between March and May 2020 from Boston Medical Center HCWs and combined this data set with publicly available sequences from the surrounding community deposited in GISAID with the goal of inferring specific transmission routes.

Results
Contextualizing our data with publicly available sequences reveals that 73% (95% confidence interval, 63%–84%) of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in HCWs are likely novel introductions rather than nosocomial spread.

Conclusions
We argue that introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the hospital environment are frequent and that expanding public genomic surveillance can better aid infection control when determining routes of transmission.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Study of Antiviral Resistance Mutations in Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Santos Bravo Marta , Plault Nicolas , Sánchez-Palomino Sonsoles , Rodríguez Cristina , Navarro Gabriel Mireia , Mosquera María Mar , Fernández Avilés Francesc , Suarez-Lledó María , Rovira Montserrat , Bodro Marta , Moreno Asunción , Linares Laura , Cofan Frederic , Berengua Carla , Esteva Cristina , Cordero Elisa , Martin-Davila Pilar , Aranzamendi Maitane , Pérez Jiménez Ana Belén , Vidal Elisa , Fernández Sabé Nuria , Len Oscar , Hantz Sebastien , Alain Sophie , Marcos María Ángeles ,   the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) and the Group for the Study of Infection in Transplantation (GESITRA), López-Medrano Francisco , Agüado Jose María , Martin-Gandul Cecilia , Carratalá Jordi , Niubó Jordí , Cervera Carlos , Muñoz Patricia , Fariñas María Carmen , Antón Andrés , Montejo Miguel , Pérez-Romero Pilar , Torres-Cisneros Julián 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
This study describes the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of novel human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genetic variants of a cohort of 94 clinically resistant HCMV patients.

Methods and results
Antiviral-resistant mutations were detected in the UL97, UL54, and UL56 target genes of 25 of 94 (26.6%) patients. The genotype-phenotype correlation study resolved the status of 5 uncharacterized UL54 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase (G441S, A543V, F460S, R512C, A928T) and 2 UL56 terminase (F345L, P800L) mutations found in clinical isolates. A928T conferred high, triple resistance to ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir, and A543V had 10-fold reduced susceptibility to cidofovir. Viral growth assays showed G441S, A543V, F345L, and P800L impaired viral growth capacities compared with wild-type AD169 HCMV. Three-dimensional modeling predicted A543V and A928T phenotypes but not R512C, reinforcing the need for individual characterization of mutations by recombinant phenotyping.

Conclusions
Extending mutation databases is crucial to optimize treatments and to improve the assessment of patients with resistant/refractory HCMV infection.
The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against Measles After a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Quach Huy Quang , Chen Jun , Monroe Jonathon M , Ratishvili Tamar , Warner Nathaniel D , Grill Diane E , Haralambieva Iana H , Ovsyannikova Inna G , Poland Gregory A , Kennedy Richard B 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR3) is recommended in mumps outbreak scenarios, but the immune response and the need for widespread use of MMR3 remain uncertain. Herein, we characterized measles-specific immune responses to MMR3 in a cohort of 232 healthy subjects.MethodsSerum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sampled at day 0 and day 28 after MMR3. Measles-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies were quantified in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a microneutralization assay, respectively. PBMCs were stimulated with inactivated measles virus, and the release of cytokines/chemokines was assessed by a multiplex assay. Demographic variables of subjects were examined for potential correlations with immune outcomes.ResultsOf the study participants, 95.69% and 100% were seropositive at day 0 and day 28, respectively. Antibody avidity significantly increased from 38.08% at day 0 to 42.8% at day 28 (P = .00026). Neutralizing antibodies were significantly enhanced, from 928.7 at day 0 to 1289.64 mIU/mL at day 28 (P = .0001). Meanwhile, cytokine/chemokine responses remained largely unchanged. Body mass index was significantly correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines.ConclusionsMeasles-specific humoral immune responses, but not cellular responses, were enhanced after MMR3 receipt, extending current understanding of immune responses to MMR3 and supporting MMR3 administration to seronegative or high-risk individuals.
Oxazolidinones: mechanisms of resistance and mobile genetic elements involved
Authors: Brenciani Andrea , Morroni Gianluca , Schwarz Stefan , Giovanetti Eleonora 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The oxazolidinones (linezolid and tedizolid) are last-resort antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of severe infections in humans caused by MDR Gram-positive bacteria. They bind to the peptidyl transferase centre of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis. Even if the majority of Gram-positive bacteria remain susceptible to oxazolidinones, resistant isolates have been reported worldwide. Apart from mutations, affecting mostly the 23S rDNA genes and selected ribosomal proteins, acquisition of resistance genes (cfr and cfr-like, optrA and poxtA), often associated with mobile genetic elements [such as non-conjugative and conjugative plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), prophages and translocatable units], plays a critical role in oxazolidinone resistance. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms and provide an overview on the diversity of the mobile genetic elements carrying oxazolidinone resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Transfer learning enables prediction of myocardial injury from continuous single-lead electrocardiography
Authors: Jin Boyang Tom , Palleti Raj , Shi Siyu , Ng Andrew Y , Quinn James V , Rajpurkar Pranav , Kim David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Chest pain is common, and current risk-stratification methods, requiring 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and serial biomarker assays, are static and restricted to highly resourced settings. Our objective was to predict myocardial injury using continuous single-lead ECG waveforms similar to those obtained from wearable devices and to evaluate the potential of transfer learning from labeled 12-lead ECGs to improve these predictions.

Methods
We studied 10 874 Emergency Department (ED) patients who received continuous ECG monitoring and troponin testing from 2020 to 2021. We defined myocardial injury as newly elevated troponin in patients with chest pain or shortness of breath. We developed deep learning models of myocardial injury using continuous lead II ECG from bedside monitors as well as conventional 12-lead ECGs from triage. We pretrained single-lead models on a pre-existing corpus of labeled 12-lead ECGs. We compared model predictions to those of ED physicians.

Results
A transfer learning strategy, whereby models for continuous single-lead ECGs were first pretrained on 12-lead ECGs from a separate cohort, predicted myocardial injury as accurately as models using patients’ own 12-lead ECGs: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.760 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.721–0.799) and area under the precision–recall curve 0.321 (95% CI, 0.251–0.397). Models demonstrated a high negative predictive value for myocardial injury among patients with chest pain or shortness of breath, exceeding the predictive performance of ED physicians, while attending to known stigmata of myocardial injury.

Conclusions
Deep learning models pretrained on labeled 12-lead ECGs can predict myocardial injury from noisy, continuous monitor data early in a patient’s presentation. The utility of continuous single-lead ECG in the risk stratification of chest pain has implications for wearable devices and preclinical settings, where external validation of the approach is needed.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening: A Framework-Driven Systematic Review
Authors: Sedani Ami E , Davis Olivia C , Clifton Shari C , Campbell Janis E , Chou Ann F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to undertake a comprehensive systematic review to describe multilevel factors (barriers and facilitators) that may influence the implementation of low-dose chest computed tomography for lung cancer screening in the United States.

Methods
Systematic literature searches were performed using 6 online databases and citation indexes for peer-reviewed studies, for articles published from 2013 to 2021. Studies were classified into 3 perspectives, based on the study’s unit of analysis: system, health-care provider, and patient. Barriers and facilitators identified for each study included in our final review were then coded and categorized using the Consolidate Framework for Implementation Research domains.

Results
At the system level, the 2 most common constructs were external policy and incentives and executing the implementation process. At the provider level, the most common constructs were evidence strength and quality of the intervention characteristics, patient needs and resources, implementation climate, and an individual’s knowledge and beliefs about the intervention. At the patient level, the most common constructs were patient needs and resources, individual’s knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, and engaging in the implementation process. These constructs can act as facilitators or barriers to lung cancer screening implementation.

Conclusions
Applying the Consolidate Framework for Implementation Research domains and constructs to understand and specify factors facilitating uptake of lung cancer screening as well as cataloging the lessons learned from previous efforts helps inform the development and implementation processes of lung cancer screening programs in the community setting.

Registration
PROSPERO, CRD42021247677.
Strangulated transomental hernia in virgin abdomen: laparoscopic surgery with a small laparotomy may be useful to assess the indeterminate viability of the bowel
Authors: Sawano Toyoaki , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Bhandari Divya , Furuya Mioko , Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Ejiri Tomozo , Kanzaki Norio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 66-year-old female without prior history of abdominal surgery visited the emergency department with a complain of sudden intensive lower abdominal pain. Closed loop bowel obstruction was discovered on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, leading to a laparoscopic examination of 5 h after the onset. During laparoscopy, 100 cm of distal jejunum with borderline viability was found incarcerated in a gap of the greater omentum. A 3-cm small incision was made at the umbilical trocar site to observe the bowel after it was released laparoscopically. When viewed under the shadowless lamp, the affected bowel appeared reddish, with peristalsis and a palpated mesentery artery. The surgical team determined no need for resection. The postoperative recovery went smoothly without any complications. Laparoscopic surgery for transomental hernias can be performed safely even in patients with borderline bowel viability, and observing bowel extra-peritoneally with a small incision could be helpful for laparoscopic surgery for internal hernias with borderline viability.
Spleen metastasis of recurrent malignant thymoma
Authors: Wu Chung-Wei , Yang Tsen-Long 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thymoma is a rare tumour that often occurs in the anterior mediastinum. Thymomas are usually diagnosed in middle-aged patients, and nearly half of cases are associated with myasthenia gravis. Thymomas typically progress through direct invasion of the thoracic cavity with extra-thoracic distant metastasis being uncommon. Here we report the case of a male patient who underwent an extensive thymectomy and radiotherapy 10 years before presentation, and in whom we detected a spleen tumour during regular out-patient follow-up. The patient underwent a splenectomy, and a final diagnosis of type B3 malignant thymoma was established.
A Genealogy of Reasonableness
Authors: Lawlor Krista 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe all know that being reasonable is important in daily life. Beyond daily life, major political and ethical theorists give central place to reasonableness in their accounts of just and moral behaviour. In the law, at least in the Anglo-American setting, reasonableness is the standard for a wide range of behaviour, from administrative decisions to torts. But what is it to be reasonable? In answer, I provide a genealogical account of reasonableness. The functional perspective afforded by a genealogical account has numerous payoffs, explaining important features of reasonableness, and enabling us to respond to worries about vagueness or subjectivity in the meaning of ‘reasonable’.
Lucky imaging method based on wavelet analysis
Authors: Fan Wending , Li Binhua , Li Junwu , Zhang Xiliang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Lucky imaging is able to reconstruct high-resolution images effectively from astronomical images affected by atmospheric turbulence. Its image reconstruction process can be carried out in the spatial domain or in the Fourier domain. This paper extend the lucky imaging technique to the wavelet domain, and proposes a lucky imaging method based on wavelet analysis. First, the short-exposure astronomical images are decomposed into four subbands by using the bior3.7 wavelet basis. Then, for the low-frequency subbands, the components with higher wavelet coefficients are extracted in a given selection ratio for fusion. For the high-frequency subbands in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions, taking the whole subband as a unit, the subbands with smaller sums of wavelet coefficients are extracted for stacking in a given selection ratio. Finally, an inverse wavelet transform is performed on the four fused subbands to reconstruct the resultant image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can better extract the details hidden in the original short-exposure astronomical images and obtain a higher-resolution image, and that it has a good image restoration effect.
RJ-plots: An improved method to classify structures objectively
Authors: Clarke S D , Jaffa S E , Whitworth A P 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The interstellar medium is highly structured, presenting a range of morphologies across spatial scales. The large data sets resulting from observational surveys and state-of-the-art simulations studying these hierarchical structures means that identification and classification must be done in an automated fashion to be efficient. Here we present RJ-plots, an improved version of the automated morphological classification technique J-plots developed by Jaffa et al. This method allows clear distinctions between quasi-circular/elongated structures and centrally over/underdense structures. We use the recent morphological SEDIGISM catalogue of Neralwar et al. to show the improvement in classification resulting from RJ-plots, especially for ring-like and concentrated cloud types. We also find a strong correlation between the central concentration of a structure and its star formation efficiency and dense gas fraction, as well as a lack of correlation with elongation. Furthermore, we use the accreting filament simulations of Clarke, Williams & Walch to highlight a multiscale application of RJ-plots, finding that while spherical structures become more common at smaller scales they are never the dominant structure down to r ∼ 0.03 pc.
Evidence of hard power-law spectral cutoff and disc reflection features from the X-ray transient XTE J1739–285
Authors: Mondal Aditya S , Raychaudhuri B , Dewangan G C , Beri Aru 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on the nearly simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations of the known X-ray transient XTE J1739–285. These observations provide the first sensitive hard X-ray spectrum of this neutron star X-ray transient. The source was observed on 2020 February 19 in the hard spectral state with a luminosity of 0.007 of the Eddington limit. The broadband 1−70 keV NICER and NuSTAR observation clearly detects a cutoff of the hard spectral component around 34−40 keV when the continuum is fitted by a soft thermal component and a hard power-law component. This feature has been detected for the first time in this source. Moreover, the spectrum shows evidence for disc reflection – a relativistically broadened Fe K α line around 5−8 keV and a Compton hump in the 10−20 keV energy band. The accretion disc reflection features have not been identified before from this source. Through accretion disc reflection modelling, we constrain the radius of the inner disc to be $R_{\rm in}=3.1_{-0.5}^{+1.8}R_{\rm ISCO}$ for the first time. In addition, we find a low inclination, i ∼ 33°. Assuming the magnetosphere is responsible for such truncation of the inner accretion disc above the stellar surface, we establish an upper limit of 6.2 × 108 G on the magnetic field at the poles.
η Geminorum: an eclipsing semiregular variable star orbited by a companion surrounded by an extended disc
Authors: Torres Guillermo , Sakano Kristy 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We report 11 yr of spectroscopic monitoring of the M-type asymptotic giant branch star η Gem, a semiregular variable and a known spectroscopic binary with a period of 8.2 yr. We combine our radial velocities with others from the literature to provide an improved spectroscopic orbital solution, giving a period of 2979 d, which we then use to predict past times of eclipse. We examine archival photometry from amateur variable star observers, and other sources, and find many instances of dimmings that occurred at the right time. This confirms previous indications that the system is eclipsing, and it now ranks among those with the longest known periods. No secondary eclipses are seen. The ∼0.4 mag eclipses that last about 5 months are much too deep to be produced by a stellar companion. We propose instead that the companion is surrounded by a large disc that is at least 1.5 au in diameter but is likely larger. We predict the centre of the next eclipse will occur on New Year’s Day, 2029.
The effects of plasma on the magnification and time delay of strongly lensed fast radio bursts
Authors: Er Xinzhong , Mao Shude 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The number of identified fast radio bursts (FRBs) will continue to increase rapidly with current and planned future facilities. Strongly lensed FRBs are also expected to be found, which can provide precise time delays and thus have rich applications in cosmology and fundamental physics. However, the radio signal of lensed FRBs will be deflected by the plasma in lens galaxies in addition to the deflection by gravity. Such deflections by both gravity and plasma will cause frequency-dependent time delays, which are different from the dispersion delay and the geometric delay caused by gravitational lensing. Depending on the lensing and plasma models, the frequency–time-delay relationship of the lensed images can show distinguishing behaviours either between the multiple images or from the dispersion relation. Such phenomena cannot be neglected in future studies, especially at low radio frequencies, as plasma exists in lens galaxies in general. More importantly, such information provides not only a potential way to search for lensed FRBs but also constraints on the mass and plasma distributions in lens galaxies. In particular, plasma may make the missing central images observable at low radio frequencies.