bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive animal production as driver of biodiversity loss and pandemics
Authors: Viegas S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pandemics have their origin in diverse microbes carried by animal hosts, but their emergence is entirely driven by human activities. These include deforestation, land- and sea-use change, agricultural expansion and intensification, and wildlife trade and consumption. These activities bring wildlife, livestock, and people into closer contact, allowing animal microbes to spillover into people and causing infections, sometimes outbreaks, and more rarely epidemics and pandemics. Domestic animals and peri-domestic wildlife also have a role in creating bridges for the emergence of human diseases, since this can happen in an evolutionary sense, or the animal could serve as a physical transmitter. The most important reservoirs of pathogens with pandemic potential are mammals (in particular bats, rodents and primates) and some birds, as well as livestock (e.g. pigs, mink, poultry). In fact, intensive animal production is also considered one of the drivers for biodiversity loss and potentially for future pandemics. As an example, intensive poultry farming not only poses a significant risk to workers, but can also act as a potential public health menace evidencing the One health approach to tackle all the menaces in this particular setting.
Biodiversity and Health
Authors: Viegas S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Biodiversity underpins all life on Earth, and refers to biological variety in all its forms, from the genetic makeup of plants and animals to cultural diversity. Human health depends upon ecosystem products and services (e.g. availability of fresh water, food and fuel sources) which are requisite for human and animal health. Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health impacts if ecosystem services are degraded and not able to guarantee social needs. The ecosystems also control disease and stabilize the climate. However, biodiversity loss is occurring at unprecedented rates, impacting human health worldwide, according to the report jointly published by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Health Organization (WHO). In this report, awareness is provided to the need to promote integrated approaches to biodiversity and health by highlighting that biodiversity contributes to human health and wellbeing, and emphasizing also that biodiversity needs protection for development to be sustainable. Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local migration and, on occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict. Some features will be presented and discussed to describe in detail the most relevant impact that biodiversity has in human health and wellbeing and how the loss of biodiversity can imply risk for animal and human health.
Getting started with Podcasts
Authors: Buttigieg S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There are a world of opportunities waiting for public health professionals to get started with a regular audio-visual communication channel. The barrier of entry to start creating your very own podcast has been reduced to a bare minimum. This presentation intends to cover the basics to get started with your own podcast and intends to share the lessons from the author's involvement as a co-host of “The Digital Health Voice” podcast.
The German National Cohort (NAKO): Overview and Current State
Authors: Greiser KH , Bohn B , Panreck L , Breunig E , Lieb W , Pischon T , Schikowski T , Völzke H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The presentation aims to give an overview of design, methods and first results of the German National Cohort (NAKO), the largest cohort study in Germany. NAKO is a multidisciplinary, population-based cohort study that provides a central resource for population-based epidemiologic research. NAKO aims to investigate the development and aetiology of diseases, identify risk factors and enhance early detection and prevention of diseases with a focus on diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric and infectious diseases. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 205,415 persons aged 20 - 74 years were recruited and examined at 18 study centres across Germany. The participants were invited to their local study centre to participate in a face-to-face interview, complete self-administered computer-based questionnaires, undergo a battery of biomedical examinations, and provide various biosamples. In addition, whole-body Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed in 30,861 participants on dedicated 3 Tesla MRI scanners at 5 study centres. In 4-5 year intervals, all study participants are re-invited for examinations at the study centres. The programme for the first re-examination (including MRI scanning) was similar to the baseline programme. Thereby, longitudinal information on changes in risk factor profiles and in vascular, cardiac, metabolic, neurocognitive, pulmonary and sensory function is collected. During the COVID-19 pandemic, questions on pandemic-related aspects including the history of infection, severity and long-term health impacts of COVID-19 were added to the examination programme. Since October 2018, 77,896 participants have been re-examined, including 11,382 with additional MRI examination. A supplemental COVID-19 questionnaire was completed by 161,849 participants of NAKO during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in Spring 2020.
Evaluation of Factors Associated with Dual Use of E-Cigarettes in University Students
Authors: Öznur Muz FN , Metintaş S , Önsüz MF , Aydoğan Gedik S , Mutlu A , Arslan Torba T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization defined smoking as the fastest spreading and longest lasting epidemic globally. It has been reported that two-thirds of all tobacco consumption in the world is in developing countries, and with today's technology, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased rapidly among young people and adults, especially in recent years. The study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with dual use of e-cigarettes (e-cigarette plus one of the tobacco products) in university students.

Methods
This study was carried out with the participation of 2477 students at Eskişehir Osmangazi University in the 2019-2020 academic year, and it was designed as a nested case-control study from a study in which 49 were determined to be dual smokers. A randomized 1:3 for age and gender with 147 non-smokers (NS) and 147 classic cigarette smokers (CSS) selected by the propensity score matching method was performed, with the final sample consisting of 343 participants. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analyzes were used in the study.

Results
In the multinomial logistic regression, the belief that e-cigarettes do not help quit classical cigarette smoking was 4.0 (95% CI; 1.7 - 9.6) times higher in NS and 4.1 (1.6 - 10.0) times higher in CCS compared to dual smokers, while the belief that e-cigarettes may suppress the desire to smoke was 4.4 (1.7 - 11.2) times higher in NS and 6.8 (2.6 - 17.6) times higher in CCS.

Conclusions
The study determined that dual smokers were less likely to believe that e-cigarettes are more innocent than other tobacco products. While dual smokers believed that e-cigarettes might not suppress the desire to smoke, CCS believed e-cigarettes could even increase classical cigarette smoking.

Key messages
• Since the effects of e-cigarette use on human health are controversial, it is still a significant public health problem in developing countries.
• Although it was initially marketed to help quit or reduce the use of classical cigarettes, it should be noted that e-cigarettes are also a type of tobacco product addiction.
Investing in the health workforce, protecting mental health: policy and action taken by WHO
Authors: Zapata T , Langins M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and the current war in Ukraine have presented opportunities to increase national leadership on mental health, including support health and care workers. Member States across the region have worked closely with the WHO to strengthen their policy levers to support the mental health and occupational safety policies for the workforce at various levels including government, organization and local service levels. To complement these policies, the WHO will launch the WHO Global Health and Care Compact at the Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly in May 2022.

Methods
The WHO has convened Member States to discuss the policy levers that can support the mental health of health and care workers. These include online multistakeholder webinar series, national policy dialogs, ministerial discussions during the Regional Committee, preparatory consultations for the World Health Assembly to discuss priority areas and policy. More recently with the crisis in Ukraine, the WHO has been working closely with the UN Interagency Steering Committee (IASC) Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings rolling out services for refugees, including health workers in these settings.

Results
A number of important policy recommendations are emerging from this work: (1) strengthening national and political leadership; (2) adopting stepped approaches; (3) facilitating collaboration across professions, sectors and levels of syste for more effective responses; (4) strengthening capacity and expertise; (5) monitoring effectiveness for continuous improvement; (6) ensuring acceptability and accessibility.

Conclusions
Promoting health and well-being and mental health support to the health and care workforce has become a key priority for health systems to enable sustainable national health workforces. WHO will prioritize country support on this area and the development of regional guidance.
COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Belgium: socioeconomic and sociodemographic disparities
Authors: Cavillot L , Van Loenhout J , Catteau L , Van den Borre L , De Pauw R , Blot K , Speybroeck N , Devleesschauwer B , Hubin P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have identified important social inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 infection and related COVID-19 outcomes in the Belgian population. This study aims to investigate socioeconomic and -demographic characteristics associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in Belgium.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the uptake of the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine among 5,341,584 adults (≥ 18 years) tested for COVID-19 in Belgium until August 31, 2021. We integrated four national data sources: the Belgian vaccine registry (vaccination status), COVID-19 Healthdata (laboratory test results), STATBEL (socioeconomic/-demographic data) and the Common Base Registry for HealthCare Actors (people licensed to practice a healthcare profession in Belgium). Unvaccinated and vaccinated people (with at least one dose) were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
During the study period, 53,887 people (10%) did not receive the first COVID-19 vaccine dose in Belgium. Migrant background was associated with vaccine uptake (e.g., non-Europeans were almost three times [2.96-3.00] more likely to be unvaccinated compared to Belgian nationals). Single parents (OR 1.27 [1.26-1.28]) and people living alone (OR 1.18 [1.17-1.19]) were more likely to be unvaccinated compared to couples with children. Having a low or moderate education level (OR 1.36 [1.35-1.38] for low; OR 1.30 [1.29-1.32] for moderate) and income (OR 2.36 [2.34-2.38] for low; OR 1.54 [1.52-1.55] for moderate), being unemployed, (OR 1.50 [1.49-1.51), and having low health literacy (OR 1.41 [1.39-1.43]) led to a greater likelihood of being unvaccinated.

Conclusions
Migrants, people living alone, single parents or socioeconomically disadvantaged groups have lower uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in Belgium. The identification of these socioeconomic and -demographic disparities is critical to develop strategies guaranteeing a more equitable COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Belgium.

Key messages
• The study highlight important determinants in the uptake of the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in Belgium.
• These results highlight the importance to focus efforts on socioeconomically disadvantaged groups currently under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Belgium.
Conceptual views of mental health among adolescents in Sweden
Authors: Durbeej N , Karlsson AC , Sarkadi A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Lay and professional people may use terms for mental health and mental health problems differently, causing difficulties in adequately addressing associated needs. Despite the public health issue of increased mental health problems among adolescents, there is limited research on perceptions of mental health concepts among young people. This study aimed to explore conceptual views of mental health and mental health problems among adolescents.

Methods
During October and November 2020, a total of 32 adolescents (15-18 years old) living on Sweden's largest island Gotland were interviewed in focus groups or individual interviews. The interviews were semi-structured and audio recorded. Data were analysed thematically according to Systematic Text Condensation.

Results
Three themes emerged from the analysis: Mental health is about how we feel; One's mental health depends on one's situation, thoughts and ways of coping; and Mental health problems should be taken seriously and can get severe. The adolescents described mental health as an overarching concept encompassing both positive mental health and mental health problems. Mental health problems were perceived as something other than normal challenges in life, however ranging from minor problems to severe illness. Good mental health was understood as a condition with absence of mental health problems and presence of symptoms of positive mental health.

Conclusions
The adolescents’ had a complex and holistic understanding of mental health concepts, consistent with definitions used by the World Health Organization and Swedish authorities. They suggested both positive mental health and mental health problems to be considered when assessing and discussing their mental health. Further, the results highlight the need of support for young people on how to cope with difficulties in life and support for those suffering from minor mental health problems.

Key messages
• The adolescents’ understanding of mental health and mental health problems were highly consistent with current accepted definitions of the concepts.
• According to the participants, both positive mental health and mental health problems should be considered simultaneously to understand and address adolescents’ mental health.
Help-seeking behaviors among survivors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in 54 LMICs
Authors: Stiller M , Wilson ML , Bärnighausen T , Adedimeji AA , Lewis ER , Abio A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by pregnant women is pervasive worldwide. As survivors rarely seek help, there exists a paucity of research on their help-seeking behaviors. The present study provides a multi-national perspective into the nature of help-seeking behaviors among survivors of IPV during pregnancy.

Methods
Population-based data from 54 LMICs were abstracted from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program between 2005 and 2020 (N = 359,027). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the extent to which - and from whom - survivors of IPV during pregnancy sought help and assess associated factors.

Results
Half of respondents (51.87%) sought help following IPV while pregnant (ranging from 39.02% in Asia and Oceania to 63.18% in sub-Saharan Africa). Support was primarily obtained from informal contacts (44.02%), such as family, neighbors, and friends, and rarely from formal institutions (10.45%), such as law enforcement, social and medical services. Help-seeking behaviors were positively associated with higher education, employment, earnings exceeding that of their spouse, exposure to mass media, intimate partner's alcohol consumption, fear of their intimate partner, parental violence, richer wealth status, partner's controlling behaviors, and facing barriers to access health care. Conversely, being married, and justifying wife beating were negatively associated with help-seeking.

Conclusions
The research findings highlight the need for interventions, ranging in scope from the individual to familial and societal levels, to increase and improve help-seeking opportunities for IPV survivors. Efforts should be made on strengthening women's decision-making capacity, reducing poverty, ensuring educational attainment, improving employment opportunities, disseminating information about help sources, IPV screening within health care, and promoting the diffusion of gender equality by engaging communities as a whole.

Key messages
• IPV during pregnancy is still pervasive in LMICs, and only half of survivors seek help. Women’s individual, partner’s/family’s, and community’s factors are associated with IPV survivors’ help-seeking.
• The research findings highlight the need for interventions, ranging in scope from the individual to familial and societal levels, to increase and improve help-seeking opportunities for IPV survivors.
Intervention research in health promotion: policy issues, the example of the ten-year cancer strategy in France
Authors: Foucaud J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prevention research covers a wide domain of studies, including identification of unknown risk factors for certain cancers, for example prostate cancer; or health promotion with approaches by population, by living environment or by territory. This research focuses in particular on identified carcinogenic factors (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, certain pesticides) but also on the causes of the prevalence of these factors in certain populations. PHIR makes it possible to meet these challenges. In 2010, the French National Cancer Institute was a pioneer in the development of PHIR in France and decided in 2021 to make it one of the spearheads of its ten-year strategy. This presentation will aim to give an account of this policy of developing RISP as a relevant tool for thinking about health promotion policies and actions, by targeting the issue of inequalities as one of the priority research objects as well as certain audiences (young people, vulnerable populations). The presentation will discuss four challenges for the implementation of this research policy: the development of the French scientific community in order to be able to respond to priority issues; the structuring and animation of this community; the evaluation of research projects and the mobilisation of a still timid global community; the articulation of academic and concrete/experiential knowledge. Through a concrete example of a national research development policy, the aim of this presentation is to help participants understand the challenges of RISP (its obstacles and levers, not limited to financial issues), the organisation of research, and the links between the actors involved (researchers and field workers, beneficiaries, health professionals). The first part will focus on identifying the participants’ representations of the obstacles to the development of RISP. The second part will be an interactive presentation of 12 minutes, the last 2-3 minutes will be devoted to final questions.
The city of proximity (accessible, inclusive, sustainable, healthy & salutogenic): the case of Brussels Bourse, Grand-Place station
Authors: Micic G , Jevtic M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ecological dimension is expressed, among other things, in the matter of movement and the process of appropriation of local spaces. The creation of public space is oriented towards centralising and bringing exchanges closer together. It is a recognition of the ways of life of the individual who has become aware of the other essentials for human well-being. How does the proximity of multimodality and culture strengthen the urbanity? And how does it influence urban intensity, livability, health & the salutogenic approach of public space? The study investigates the quality of public mobility spaces through design, multimodality and sustainable planning by surveying the case of Bourse-Grand-Place station in Brussels. This transformation project is the subject of an empirical method using the material of recent research on urban design and professional practice. Falling within the scope of the “Cities for People” vision of the future, the design of this project integrates socio-cultural activities around the idea of “Station for People”. A concept based on universal accessibility ensures that all individuals can access it. Thereafter, an evolving social economy programme promoted cycling through equipment, maintenance, recycling, training, innovation and the encouragement of cycling culture. The breakthrough of the innovative multimodal design process based on multidisciplinarity could become a helpful urban strategy, oriented toward making proximate neighbourhoods both residentially and practically attractive. The present article carries out an enquiry of how design and urban activities take part in strategies to improve the quality of the public spaces. It reveals some hints that could help urban practitioners when making decisions regarding the quality of an urban place and ‘living together’ oriented developments. With a contribution to climate change issues, this article demonstrates how urban design can contribute to the quality of life of users and citizens.