bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Architecture of Plasma Alpha‐Aminoadipic Acid Reveals a Relationship With High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Shi Mingjian , Wang Chuan , Mei Hao , Temprosa Marinella , Florez Jose C. , Tripputi Mark , Merino Jordi , Lipworth Loren , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Gerszten Robert E. , Wang Thomas J. , Beckman Joshua A. , Gamboa Jorge L. , Mosley Jonathan D. , Ferguson Jane F. ,   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: May 2022

Background
Elevated plasma levels of alpha‐aminoadipic acid (2‐AAA) have been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the nature of the association remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We identified genetic determinants of plasma 2‐AAA through meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association study data in 5456 individuals of European, African, and Asian ancestry from the Framingham Heart Study, Diabetes Prevention Program, Jackson Heart Study, and Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies. No single nucleotide polymorphisms reached genome‐wide significance across all samples. However, the top associations from the meta‐analysis included single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the known 2‐AAA pathway gene
DHTKD1
, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in mitochondrial respiration (
NDUFS4
) and macrophage function (
MSR1
). We used a Mendelian randomization instrumental variable approach to evaluate relationships between 2‐AAA and cardiometabolic phenotypes in large disease genome‐wide association studies. Mendelian randomization identified a suggestive inverse association between increased 2‐AAA and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
P
=0.005). We further characterized the genetically predicted relationship through measurement of plasma 2‐AAA and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in 2 separate samples of individuals with and without cardiometabolic disease (N=98), and confirmed a significant negative correlation between 2‐AAA and high‐density lipoprotein (
r
s
=−0.53,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
2‐AAA levels in plasma may be regulated, in part, by common variants in genes involved in mitochondrial and macrophage function. Elevated plasma 2‐AAA associates with reduced levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further mechanistic studies are required to probe this as a possible mechanism linking 2‐AAA to future cardiometabolic risk.
Cangrelor Use Patterns and Transition to Oral P2Y
12
Inhibitors Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Initial Results From the CAMEO Registry
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Diaz Miguel , Garratt Kirk N. , Waksman Ron , Edwards Laura , Tasissa Gudaye , Salahuddin Khalid , El‐Sabae Hijrah , Dell’Anna Carmen , Davidson‐Ray Linda , Washam Jeffrey B. , Ohman E. Magnus , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: May 2022

Background

In clinical trials, cangrelor has been shown to reduce percutaneous coronary intervention–related ischemic complications without increasing major bleeding. This study was performed to examine cangrelor use and transition to oral P2Y
12
inhibitors in routine clinical practice.

Methods and Results

The CAMEO (Cangrelor in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Effectiveness and Outcomes) registry is a multicenter, retrospective observational study of platelet inhibition strategies for patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. In phase 1, data were collected on consecutive patients with myocardial infarction (n=482) treated with any P2Y
12
inhibitor to understand cangrelor use by hospital. In phase 2, data were collected in a 2:1 (cangrelor‐: non‐cangrelor‐treated) ratio of patients with myocardial infarction (n=873). In phase 1, cangrelor use varied across hospitals (overall, 50.4% [range, 6.0%–100%]). Of patients receiving cangrelor in both phases (n=819), 3.3% received either the bolus or infusion only. Cangrelor was infused for a median of 121 (76–196) minutes; and 38.3% received an infusion for <2 hours. Most patients transitioned from cangrelor to ticagrelor (ticagrelor, 85.3%; clopidogrel, 9.5%; prasugrel, 5.2%). Many patients (16.4%) had a >1‐hour gap between cangrelor cessation and oral P2Y
12
inhibitor initiation; this was highest among those transitioned to clopidogrel (56.6% versus 34.5% prasugrel versus 10.8% ticagrelor;
P
<0.001). Only 27.3% were dosed with cangrelor and transitioned to an oral P2Y
12
inhibitor in a fashion consistent with the pivotal trials and US Food and Drug Administration label.

Conclusions

This multicenter registry demonstrated interhospital variability in how cangrelor was administered and transitioned to an oral P2Y
12
inhibitor. These findings highlight opportunities for optimization of cangrelor dosing, infusion duration, and transition of care from the catheterization laboratory to the ward setting.
Framingham and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations, High‐Sensitivity Troponin T, and N‐Terminal Pro–Brain‐Type Natriuretic Peptide for Predicting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events Across the Spectrum of Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Lidgard Benjamin , Zelnick Leila R. , Go Alan , O’Brien Kevin D. , Bansal Nisha , Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Jing , Cohen Debbie L. , Feldman Harold I. , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rao Panduranga S. , Rahman Mahboob , Shah Vallabh O. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Contemporary guidelines recommend using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease screening tools to guide primary prevention. The performance of these scores is not well known in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease, particularly in combination with clinically available cardiac biomarkers including N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT).

Methods and Results
We studied 1027 participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort without self‐reported atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who were not taking aspirin or statins at enrollment. Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equation, N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide, and hsTnT were measured at baseline. Outcomes included fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac death. We calculated 10‐fold cross‐validated Harrell’s C‐indices for each risk score and cardiac biomarker alone and in combination. The C‐index (95% CI) for discrimination of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) for the Framingham Risk Score, and 0.72 (0.67, 0.76) for the Pooled Cohort Equation. HsTnT had comparable discrimination to each risk score, and improved the discrimination of each (change in Framingham 0.029, 95% CI 0.003, 0.055; change in Pooled Cohort Equation 0.027, 95% CI 0.002, 0.052). N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide had poorer discrimination than the risk scores and did not significantly improve their discrimination (change in Framingham 0.009, 95% CI −0.001, 0.018; change in Pooled Cohort Equation 0.011, 95% CI −0.001, 0.024).

Conclusions
The Framingham Risk Score and Pooled Cohort Equation demonstrated moderate discrimination for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. HsTnT, but not N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide, improved their discrimination overall. Until chronic kidney disease–specific atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores can be developed, it may be worth considering how to incorporate hsTnT into existing clinical risk scores.
Familial Resemblance in Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Statins in the Danish Population
Authors: Corn Giulia , Lund Marie , Hlatky Mark A. , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: May 2022

Background
Change in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level after statin initiation varies widely among individuals, and in part may be because of factors shared by family members.

Methods and Results
We used the Danish national registers to identify 89 006 individuals who initiated statins between 2008 and 2018 and had LDL‐C measured immediately before and after the start of treatment. Among these, we identified 5148 first‐degree relatives and 3198 spouses. We decomposed the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation by applying a mixed‐effect model with 5 variance components (inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in statin response, and residual variance). Results were presented as a percentage of the total variance explained by the different variance components. We found that half of the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation consisted of variance in statin response, approximately one third of variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, and the remaining 10% to 15% of residual variance. While the inter‐individual variance in statin response accounted for almost half of the LDL‐C variation in both cohorts, the inter‐family variance in statin response accounted for 3.3% among first‐degree relatives and for 6.0% among spouses.

Conclusions
Individual factors account for most of the variation in LDL‐C level after statin initiation; factors affecting statin response common within spouses and first‐degree relatives account for a similar share of variation. These results suggest a modest influence of shared genetics and shared familial environment on statin response.
Performing Deception
Authors: Rappert Brian 
Published: May 2022

In Performing Deception, Brian Rappert reconstructs the practice of entertainment magic by analysing it through the lens of perception, deception and learning, as he goes about studying conjuring himself.
Through this novel meditation on reasoning and skill, Rappert elevates magic from the undertaking of mere trickery to an art that offers the basis for rethinking our possibilities for acting in the modern world.
Performing Deception covers a wide range of theories in sociology, philosophy, psychology and elsewhere in order to offer a striking assessment of the way secrecy and deception are woven into social interactions, as well as the illusionary and paradoxical status of expertise.
Intensification of Interannual Cross-Basin SST Interaction between the North Atlantic Tripole and Pacific Meridional Mode since the 1990s
Authors: Kao Pei-ken , Hong Chi-Cherng , Huang An-Yi , Chang Chih-Chun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cross-basin interaction of the second EOFs of the interannual SST in the North Atlantic and North Pacific—the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) SST and Pacific meridional mode (PMM)—is discussed. Observations revealed that the total variances of the NAT and PMM have simultaneously experienced interdecadal enhancement since the 1990s. Wavelet analysis indicated that this enhancement was associated with the interdecadal variations (8–16 years) of the NAT and PMM, which have become significantly and positively coherent since the 1990s. This interdecadal variation also changed the interannual NAT–PMM relationship from negative to positive. The regression analysis indicated that the NAT forced a Matsuno–Gill circulation anomaly, which had a substantial lag impact on the PMM SST through wind–evaporation–SST feedback. Additionally, the NAT induced oceanic temperature advection, which also partially contributed to the PMM SST. On the other hand, the PMM-associated middle–upper atmospheric teleconnection, a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like circulation anomaly in the North Atlantic, gave positive feedback to the NAT. The numerical experiments suggest that the enhancement of the NAT–PMM interaction since the 1990s was associated with the eastward shift of PMM-associated convection, which was further enhanced by eastward extension of the upper-level extratropical jet in the North Pacific.

Significance Statement
This study aimed at a better understanding of the cross-basin interaction between the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Our study indicates that the cross-basin interaction in the interannual sea surface temperature between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and North Atlantic tripole (NAT) became stronger since the 1990s. The observation yields that this enhancement was associated with the interdecadal variations of the NAT and PMM, which have become significantly and positively coherent since the 1990s. The observation yields that the NAT-forced atmospheric large-scale circulation anomaly had a substantial lag impact on the PMM. On the other hand, the PMM-induced middle–upper atmospheric teleconnection, a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like circulation anomaly, gave positive feedback to the NAT. The numerical experiments suggest that the enhancement of the NAT–PMM interaction since the 1990s primarily resulted from the eastward shift of PMM-associated convection.
The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR): An Hourly Updating Convection-Allowing Forecast Model. Part I: Motivation and System Description
Authors: Dowell David C. , Alexander Curtis R. , James Eric P. , Weygandt Stephen S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Manikin Geoffrey S. , Blake Benjamin T. , Brown John M. , Olson Joseph B. , Hu Ming , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Ladwig Terra , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Ahmadov Ravan , Turner David D. , Duda Jeffrey D. , Alcott Trevor I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) is a convection-allowing implementation of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model with hourly data assimilation that covers the conterminous United States and Alaska and runs in real time at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Implemented operationally at NOAA/NCEP in 2014, the HRRR features 3-km horizontal grid spacing and frequent forecasts (hourly for CONUS and 3-hourly for Alaska). HRRR initialization is designed for optimal short-range forecast skill with a particular focus on the evolution of precipitating systems. Key components of the initialization are radar-reflectivity data assimilation, hybrid ensemble-variational assimilation of conventional weather observations, and a cloud analysis to initialize stratiform cloud layers. From this initial state, HRRR forecasts are produced out to 18 h every hour, and out to 48 h every 6 h, with boundary conditions provided by the Rapid Refresh system. Between 2014 and 2020, HRRR development was focused on reducing model bias errors and improving forecast realism and accuracy. Improved representation of the planetary boundary layer, subgrid-scale clouds, and land surface contributed extensively to overall HRRR improvements. The final version of the HRRR (HRRRv4), implemented in late 2020, also features hybrid data assimilation using flow-dependent covariances from a 3-km, 36-member ensemble (“HRRRDAS”) with explicit convective storms. HRRRv4 also includes prediction of wildfire smoke plumes. The HRRR provides a baseline capability for evaluating NOAA’s next-generation Rapid Refresh Forecast System, now under development.

Significance Statement
NOAA’s operational hourly updating, convection-allowing model, the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), is a key tool for short-range weather forecasting and situational awareness. Improvements in assimilation of weather observations, as well as in physics parameterizations, have led to improvements in simulated radar reflectivity and quantitative precipitation forecasts since the initial implementation of HRRR in September 2014. Other targeted development has focused on improved representation of the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer, resulting in improved near-surface temperature and humidity forecasts. Additional physics and data assimilation changes have led to improved treatment of the development and erosion of low-level clouds, including subgrid-scale clouds. The final version of HRRR features storm-scale ensemble data assimilation and explicit prediction of wildfire smoke plumes.
Effectiveness of rational emotive occupational health coaching in reducing burnout symptoms among teachers of children with autism
Authors: Uzodinma Uchenna E , N Onyishi Charity , Ngwoke Antonia N , Ugwu Joy I , Okorie Cornelius O , A. Amujiri Benjamin , Ani Casimir KC , Ngwu Christopher N , Nwankwo Felix M , Okoli Charles N , Eze Hillary O , Orabueze Florence O , Ogbu Esther O , Okoro Kingsley N , Solomon Kingsley C , Okeke Ifeanyi J , Nwamuo Bright E , Ani Uchenna , Moguluwa Shedrack C , Akanaeme Immaculata N 
Published: May 2022

Background/Objectives The negative impacts of Job-related burnout on job performance have been widely documented in the literature. Burnout accounts for both physical and mental health outcomes that increase work turnover in teachers, especially those who teach special needs children, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The current study assessed the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Occupational Health Coaching (REOHC) in minimizing job burnout amongst autistic children teachers in Anambra state, Nigeria. Method The study used a group-randomized waitlist control trial design. teachers who teach ASD children in private and public special and inclusive schools participated in the study. All participants were randomly allocated to REOHC and waitlist group (WLG). REOHC group were exposed to a single session 120 min REOHC programme every week for 12 weeks. Data were collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), at baseline; post-intervention as well as follow-up evaluations 1 and 2 evaluations. All the data gathered for the study were analysed using mean, Standard Deviation (SD), t-test statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and charts. Results Results indicated a significant decrease in teachers’ burnout, following REOHC intervention, which was sustained through follow-ups 1 and 2. Conclusion In conclusion, we stated that REOHC is valuable in treating burnout symptoms in teachers of children with ASDs.
The level of vitamin D in follicular fluid and ovarian reserve in an in vitro fertilization program: A pilot study
Authors: Han Ji Yeon , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Hoon , Ku Seung-Yup 
Published: May 2022

Background The level of vitamin D in follicular fluid (FF) according to the ovarian reserve has never been investigated, and the effect of FF vitamin D on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between FF vitamin D levels and baseline anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) / ART outcomes. Methods Forty-seven patients who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation at the fertility clinic of an academic tertiary care center were enrolled for a prospective observational study. FF was collected from the first aspirated leading follicle of each ovary and assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between baseline AMH and FF vitamin D levels with adjustment for basal FSH and serum vitamin D levels. Results Both the AMH and serum vitamin D were significant predictors for FF vitamin D. The estimated marginal mean of FF vitamin D level was higher in women with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) than those with normal ovarian reserve (24.1 ± 2.1 vs. 18.8 ± 1.4 ng/ml, p = 0.048). However, FF vitamin D did not demonstrate any significant associations with cycle outcomes, including fertilization rate and the number and proportion of good embryos at day three. Conclusion We observed significantly higher FF vitamin D levels in women with DOR. However, FF vitamin D did not demonstrate any significant associations with the outcome of ART. A larger prospective study is needed to investigate the effect of FF vitamin D on the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
Poor inter-observer agreement in anatomical classifications of infrapopliteal arterial disease due to mandatory selection of only one target artery
Authors: Ludwigs Karin , Andersson Manne , Johnsson Åse A , Nordanstig Joakim , Svalkvist Angelica , Falkenberg Mårten , Baubeta Erik 
Published: May 2022

Background Established anatomical classifications of infrapopliteal arterial lesion severity are based on assessment of only one target artery, not including all infrapopliteal arteries although multivessel revascularization is common. Purpose To investigate the reproducibility of one of these classifications and a new aggregated score. Material and Methods A total of 68 patients undergoing endovascular infrapopliteal revascularization at Sahlgrenska University Hospital during 2008–2016 were included. Preoperative magnetic resonance angiographies (MRA) and digital subtraction angiographies (DSA) were evaluated by three blinded observers in random order, using the infrapopliteal TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II classification. An aggregated score, the Infrapopliteal Total Atherosclerotic Burden (I-TAB) score, including all infrapopliteal arteries, was constructed and used for comparison. Results Inter-observer agreement on lesion severity for each evaluated artery was good; Krippendorff’s α for MRA 0.64–0.79 and DSA 0.66–0.84. Inter-observer agreement on TASC II grade, based on the selected target artery as stipulated, was poor; Krippendorff's α 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]=−0.05 to 0.30) for MRA and 0.48 (95% CI=0.33–0.61) for DSA. Inter-observer agreement for the new I-TAB score was good; Krippendorff's α 0.76 (95% CI=0.70–0.81) for MRA and 0.79 (95% CI=0.74–0.84) for DSA. Conclusion Reproducible assessment of infrapopliteal lesion severity can be achieved for separate arteries with both MRA and DSA using the TASC II definitions. However, poor inter-observer agreement in selecting the target artery results in low reproducibility of the overall infrapopliteal TASC II grade. An aggregated score, such as I-TAB, results in less variability and may provide a more robust evaluation tool of atherosclerotic disease severity.
Coronavirus disease 2019 transmission and symptoms in young children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant and Omicron variant outbreaks
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: May 2022

Objective Little is known about the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in young children. This study aimed to clarify the risk of COVID-19 transmission among this population. Methods Between July 2020 and April 2022, 1660 0 to 3-year-old children underwent a nasopharyngeal swab for later reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing at a mass screening test center in Japan. Their disease transmission rate and clinical symptoms were evaluated according to the predominant variant strains of that season. Results The secondary transmission rate after close contact of the Delta B.1.617.2 (17.4%) and Omicron B.1.1.529 (39.2%) variants was significantly higher than that of the conventional strains (B.1.1.284 and B.1.1.214; 4.5%) during the pandemic. The increased transmissibility with the Delta and Omicron variants was independent of close contact or location. The prevalence rates of cough, fatigability, and fever were similar in young children infected by the Delta and Omicron variants. Conclusions COVID-19 transmission in children aged 0 to 3 years increased by 3 to 4 fold during the Delta outbreak and by 8 to 10 fold during the Omicron outbreak compared with the conventional strain outbreak. The symptoms in young children were not different between the Delta and Omicron variants.