bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame characteristics analysis of a methane gas’ premixed combustion on a ring attached-bunsen burner using ansys fluent
Authors: Sady I E , Widodo A S , Utami Dewi F G , Trismawati  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many studies have had been done relating to the Bunsen burner. However there are only a handful of studies which focus on the implementation of a foreign component integrated to a Bunsen burner. Therefore, the effect of such component to the Bunsen burner still need to be investigated further. The study proposes a further analysis on the effects of a ring, primarily its temperature, on the Bunsen burner to the flame characteristic of methane gas. Flame’s temperature, flame’s height, and laminar flame speed are the 3 key properties observed. The study is done using a computer based numerical simulation software Ansys, implementing a 2D Fluent steady state analysis. The variations are the value of the ring’s temperature, which are 400 K, 600 K, and 800 K. The result of the study suggests that for the same equivalence ratio value, the higher the temperature of the ring attached to the burner, resulting in a higher flame’s temperature and laminar flame speed value. Proven by the fact that the 800 K temperature variation has the highest value of both flame’s temperature and laminar flame speed for the same value in equivalence ratio compared to all of the variations. However, a higher ring’s temperature value resulting in a lower or reduced flame’s height formed for the same equivalence ratio. Also proven by the fact that the 800 K temperature variation also has the lowest flame’s height value compared to all the variations at any given equivalence ratios.
Structure and emission properties of Nd3+doped oxyfluorophosphate glasses
Authors: Rajagukguk Juniastel , Rajagukguk Donna Helen , Gultom Rahel Suryani , Simamora Pintor , Situmorang Rappel , Sarumaha Chayani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe characterization of the phosphate glass system doped by the active ion Neodymium (Nd3+) has been carried out using the Melt-Quenching method. The composition of the phosphate glass is made according to the chemical formula 64P205-20Li20-15X-1Nd203(X = CaF2and TeO2). Testing of the physical properties of glass is carried out using the Archimedes method. Testing the structural properties of glass using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR). Testing the optical properties of the glass using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. XRD results show the glass made has an amorphous structure. The FTIR results show that absorption bands occur in the area of 710-772 cm−1, 871-890 cm−1, 990-1020 cm−1,1074-1157 cm−1, and 1240-1255 cm−1. The results of physical testing showed that the glass density increased and the molar volume decreased with the addition of CaF2and TeO2compounds. The highest absorption spectrum is at the transition4I9/2→4G5/2+2G7/2at a wavelength of 582 nm. The lowest direct and indirect bandgap energies are owned by PLTNd (use TeO2) glass, namely 3.30 eV and 3.85 eV. The highest emission spectra are in the two emission band transitions4F3/2→ 4I11/2and4F3/2→4I13/2with wavelengths of 1063 nm and 1334 nm. The highest emission spectrum is produced by PLCNd (use CaF2) glass.
Aging management experience to support reliability of RSG-GAS operation and future NPP in Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti Endiah Puji , Bakhry Syaiful , Sihombing Edison , Sudarmono  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aging process will cause a decrease in the reliability and safety performance of the nuclear reactor operation. As a consequence, the quality of service to stakeholders will decline. In order to keep nuclear reactor reliable, systematic activities are needed to manage the aging process that occurs at the GA Siwabessy multi-purpose reactor (RSG-GAS), in Serpong. The activity includes 4 main elements, i.e.: understanding and evaluating the aging process, using aging prevention methods, detection and surveillance methods, and aging mitigation methods. Aging management is carried out at RSG-GAS through routine and periodic maintenance, repair, replacement and monitoring mechanisms. Aging management must be planned from design, construction and commissioning activities to reactor operation. RSG-GAS aging management is carried out in accordance with safety guidelines from the international atomic energy agency (IAEA) and nuclear power regulatory body (BAPETEN) regulations, as well as various vendor documents. The success of aging management is demonstrated by operating parameters that meet operating limit conditions (OLC), and is evaluated through periodic safety assessments. This paper aims to convey the experience of RSG-GAS in aging management, in order to support the reliable operation of RSG-GAS. Experience in the aging management program of the RSG-GAS as long as 34 years, is an important asset in developing the aging management program of future Indonesian nuclear power plants.
Synthesis and material characterization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from the waste of chicken eggshells
Authors: Ningrum R A , Humaidi S , Sihotang S , Bonardo D , Estananto  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Synthesis and basic characterization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) material produced from the extraction of chicken egg shells is proposed. The studied method is applied for the basic analysis of the mineral CaCO3 in the field of membrane materials. Three basic characteristics of CaCO3 have been investigated, namely microstructure, crystal structure and vibrational modes. Microstructure were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while crystal structure were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the vibrational modes. Experimental results show that the morphology of the sample has the characteristics of a microstructure with a mean grain size of 3 μm, the morphology of the resulting microstructure has a loose spacing between grains so as to provide an empty space between the sample grains. The crystal structure of CaCO3 formed is trigonal and has a crystal size of 53.306 nm, indicating the formation of nano crystals in the sample, while the FTIR spectroscopies data show the appearance of the three highest peaks at wave numbers of 3637 cm−1, 1438 cm−1, and 871 cm−1, which indicates the OH strain functional groups in Ca(OH)2, CO and calcite groups, respectively. Several studies also reported that the hydroxyl and carbonation groups at similar wave numbers were 3643 cm−1, 1445 cm−1 and 877 cm−1, and at 712 cm−1, 876 cm−1, and 1425 cm−1 which correspond to C=C, CO, and CS vibrations.
Design and manufacturing processes of half face motorcycle palm fiber reinforced composite polymer
Authors: Yani M. , Lubis Riadini Wanty , Arfis A , Putra Billy Wintana , Hardiansyah Willy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Results of palm oil mill processing are palm oil and its derivatives which have high selling value. While the waste is oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), its utilization is still small. This waste is considered to have good potential to be utilized and developed into composite materials. This study aims to design and manufacture a half-face motorcycle helmet from a polymer composite reinforced OPEFB fiber. The method of making motorcycle helmet by hand lay-up, where polymer composite is applied to a motorcycle helmet mold made of wood with 2 layers on the shell of the helmet. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and polyester resin is based on a mass fraction of 10:90. Obtained a half-face motorcycle helmet with a mass of 1.5 kg and the size of the helmet is for an adult head.
Design of room capacity measurement and body temperature detection based on atmega328 microcontroller
Authors: Azhari  , Marbun Hertika , Karolina Rahmi , Hakim Lukman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) cases that occurred from 2020 until now limits the current maximum allowed room capacity, which is only around 25% to 50% of the maximum room capacity. The purpose of this study is to design a device that can detect temperature and limit room capacity automatically as an effort to prevent the transmission of the covid 19 virus. In designing a room capacity measuring device and an atmega328 microcontroller-based body temperature detector with a viewer on an android smartphone. The ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is used to measure the capacity of the room to determine the number of people entering and leaving. Then this tool also uses the MLX90614 sensor to detect the body temperature of everyone who wants to enter with the temperature conditions below 38°C. When both sensors have worked according to their functions, the doorstop can be opened. The results of the data obtained on each sensor will be sent to the microcontroller as a control center on a system so that it can be displayed on the LCD and using an additional device, namely esp8266 as a wifi communication module. After testing it can be concluded that the tool works well. The comparison of the results of the MLX90614 sensor with a standard tool. The data obtained is quite accurate with maximum error only 2.2% with the comparison tool.
Identification of earthquake-prone areas as a regional planning study for deli serdang regency
Authors: Barlian Edo , Tarigan Johannes , Nasution Zulkifli , Purwoko Agus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The main effect of an earthquake for an area is the loss that has an impact on social, economic and physical conditions. Based on earthquake data from the USGS, the earthquake that occurred in the North Sumatra area would have an impact on the surrounding area, especially in Deli Serdang Regency. Seen from the geological map, the Medan sheet shows that the Deli Serdang area is located in a fault zone. The purpose of this study is to identify earthquake-prone areas as a study in regional planning in Deli Serdang Regency with the target of this research being to provide benefits in policy making and readiness for earthquake risk in Deli Serdang Regency and this research will contribute to science in identifying areas that have the potential for earthquake disasters. The method in this study emphasizes data collection in the form of rock types, land slopes, seismic data in the form of soil acceleration in the bedrock and areas located in the fault zone. These parameters will be weighted and analyzed in order to obtain a model that represents field conditions. Analyzing the data using the overlay method so as to obtain the typology of earthquake-prone areas. The results of the analysis describe the typology of earthquake-prone areas consisting of areas with typology A with a stable classification of 10.45%, typology A with a less stable classification of 39.51%, typology B with a less stable classification of 43.89%, typology C with less stable classification was 4.89%, the area with typology D and unstable classification was 1.25% and the area with typology E classification unstable was 0.02%.
Analysis of mixed stiffness modulus of different asphalt levels for AC–BC pavement layer with pertamina 60/70 asphalt and 60/70 esso asphalt material
Authors: Asfiati Sri , Zurkiyah  , Yani M. , Indrayani  , Prafanti Sri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Asphalt/bitumen is a brownies black material, is viscous so it will soften and melt when it gets enough heating. In general, asphalt is obtained from petroleum refining. Pavement construction in Indonesia, both road rehabilitation project, maintenance and construction of roads, generally. Pertamina 60/70 asphalt is used as a binder for the asphalt mixture. Apart from pertamina asphalt, there are several types of asphalt that ore often used in projects in Indonesia, one of which is esso 60/70 asphalt.Esso asphalt is a type of asphalt produced from foreign companies outside of Indonesia, so it is necessary to do a comparative research test on the Marshall Properties and the stiffness modulus of asphalt. The research was conducted to analyze the stress-strain relationship which show the stiffness and strength of the asphalt material by experimenting with several test objects using the Marshall tool. If the value of the stiffness modulus decreases, asphalt aging will occur which causes the pavement to crack easily when receiving heavy loads. The stiffness modulus analysis of the asphalt mixture is an analytic procedure for planning and evaluating the performance of asphalt mixture. Asphalt mixture is a material that is not perfectly elastic, so the use of the term modulus of elasticity (E) is not suitable, instead the term mixed stiffness modulus is used. The data needed is the value of the stiffness of the asphalt content mixture which was tested by the laboratory to obtain the stiffness modulus and asphalt content characteristic.
Design and control system of temperature and water level in hydroponic plants
Authors: Azhari  , Simanjuntak Dervin , Hakim Lukman , Sabar  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Agricultural cultivation technology with a hydroponic system is expected to be an alternative for people who have limited land or yards. However, manual control cannot be done at any time due to business and other work, so a controller is needed to monitor and control the temperature and water level in hydroponic plants to avoid the death of plant. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature and water level control system for hydroponic plants. The control process uses a NodeMCU esp8266 microcontroller. The process of data communication carried out by hardware and software using wireless media. The water temperature detection system uses a DS18B20 sensor, while the water level sensor uses an ultrasonic HC-SR04. The results of this study the system as a whole can perform the process of monitoring and controlling the temperature and water level in hydroponic plants automatically and displayed on the LCD and android. When the water level is less than the minimum limit of 5 cm, the filling pump will be active and it will take about 6.48 minutes to fill the reservoir from an empty state. In the temperature control system, an average error of 3.71%. In this research is obtained if water temperature is more than 29°C, the cold water pump will be active and it will take about 2 minutes to circulate the water back to 28°C.
Development of cigarette butt fibre filter reinforced by opefb fiber composite material for trash can
Authors: Lubis Riadini Wanty , Yani M. , Siregar Chandra Amirsyah Putra , Gunawan Safri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research developed new materials from cigarette fibre filter and OPEFB fibre. This study to develop polymer composite compositions with varying strengths and to perform flexural tests and specimens that best represent the properties used in waste basket products. The method used is to use variation compotiton to determine the best mechanical response generated by testing the specimen. The material used is made from composite, cigarette fibre filter and addition of OPEFB fibers is used as a filler and polyurethane as the matrix. The results are informating that of the best material properties chosen to be developed in to product of a trash can. The conclusion of this study is that the increase in the percentage of reinforcement is directly proportional to the resulting stress and strain values. In addition, it is recommended to use specimen C as a polymer composite material with optimal mechanical properties for product development as waste.
Analysis of hybrid power plant scheduling system diesel/photovoltaic/microhydro in remote area
Authors: Hutasuhut Abdul Azis , Rimbawati  , Riandra Juli , Irwanto M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Currently, diesel generators that are still operating must be hybridized with renewable energy in order to save fuel expenditure. In addition, the generator scheduling system is also a solution to save fuel. This study aims to schedule the operation of a hybrid power plant diesel/photovoltaic/microhydro in the village of Rumah Sumbul in serving the load needs in order to obtain the best and economical system combination that is able to serve the needs of a continuous electrical load. Based on the results of the analysis using HOMER, the scheduling in the first scenario of diesel/microhydro is able to produce electrical energy of 35.6 MW/year. For the second scenario, the diesel/photovoltaic operation is capable of producing 12.20 MW of electrical energy/year. The two hybrid power plants have met the target for electricity production of 2 MW/year. Furthermore, the economical side of the diesel/microhydro combination is cheaper with operating costs of 467,545,800 IDR for 25 years with a profit of 601,150,000 IDR during the project, where the return on capital occurs in the 13 th year. operational costs of IDR 2,885,597,000 for 25 years with a profit of 607,009,000 IDR during the project in progress and a return on investment in the 13th year.
Stainless steel foam as wick material in heat pipe for electronics cooling application
Authors: Ginting Fitri H S , Humaidi Syahrul , Tetuko Anggito P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this preliminary investigation, we analyzed the possibility using a stainless steel foam as a wick material in heat pipe. The heat pipe will be used as a passive cooling sytem in electronic devices. Stainless steel foam that used in the current investigation is a commercial foam that has been treated to be characterized using SEM and 3D optical microscope. Analytical models were also developed to calculate the capillary pressure and effective thermal conductivity of the stainless steel foam. The analytical model revealed that the optimum stainless steel foam to be used as wick material is found at the pore size, porosity and contact angle of 30 μm, 0.1 and 0°, respectively.
Simulation of induction motor behavior under voltage sags using alternative transient program
Authors: Hardi Surya , Sembiring R. , Rachmad Muadzzah , Rohana  , Nisja I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The primary source of voltage sags is a short circuit fault in the power system. Three-phase fault can result in a more severe effect on the equipment. The voltage sags have affected significantly on performance degradation of the induction motor. The motor behaviors can be investigated in terms of rotation speed, torque, peak current, and recovery time during and after voltage sags. This study is to investigate induction motor behavior under voltage sags using the alternative transient program (ATP) draw software in simulation models. Distinct rated capacity, mechanical inertia, and loads torque (constant, linear, and variable) of the motor were used to investigate the motor’s behavior during and after sag end. Voltage sags resulted from three-phase fault at the certain locations in industrial power systems. The motor rotation speed decreases in slightly distinct during voltage sag but recovery times required to motors are longer for the large capacity motors. The large motors create the larger inrush current can reach more than five times its nominal. The motors with constant load toque subjected to voltage sag lead loss control in speed.
Design grounding grid resistance of substation for two soil layer model
Authors: Hardi Surya , Nasution Azwar , Harahap R. , Fitriani Ayu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
All Grounding planning of a substation is important and various design applications are available using calculation uniform soil resistivity, even though actual resistivity data measured is more than one layer. This is caused by limited availability of the application in processing data only for resistivity one layer. Substation grounding grid application (ASPG) 1.0 can be used for designing grid grounding. The ASPG was developed from Lab View software and has ability to data process for resistivity two-layer that to refer IEEE Std. 80-2013. Grid grounding resistance is considering a combination of grid conductor and ground conductor. This paper discusses the calculation of the magnitude of substation grid grounding using formulas developed by Schwarz, Sulivan and Sunde. The design result obtained is more accurate in substitute resistivity for resistivity two-layer model and calculation grounding resistance substation.
Impact of small hydro generation on voltage profile and losses in 20 kV distribution network
Authors: Adhere L. , Syafruddin Ir. , Sinulingga Emerson P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Planning in the development of electricity availability focuses on Renewable Energy power plants in support of the Government’s strong determination to suppress fossil-based energy and increase in New Renewable Energy whose mix is targeted to reach 23% in 2025. Distributed generation (DG) is one of the new approach in the installation of power plants which the plant location is no longer centralized, but it was spread on the distribution of electricity networks. Nowadays, the application of distributed generation has increased because it is a renewable energy especially small hydro of distributed power plants can affect the conditions of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to know the impact of the installation of distributed power plants. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of DG connected to network at two conditions First, the distributed generation connect when under load condition in network and second, distributed generation connect when peak load condition in network. Simulation in this study was conducted using the ETAP software and The Newton-Raphson method has been used in order to calculate power losses and voltages across the network with real data of rural distribution network in Tanah Jawa, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The 20kV distribution network was used in this feeder, and it was divided into one main feeder. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the impact of the DG on voltage and power losses in distribution network. The results of the study show that the installation of DG enhances the voltage profile and ready for installation Small Hydro as DG.
Monolith solid porous carbon approach derived from Garcinia Xanthochymus for high-performance electrode material of supercapacitor
Authors: Taer Erman , Chow Sielvya , Apriwandi  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Monolith solid porous carbon approach was prepared from biomass based from Garcinia Xanthochymus by using a high-temperature pyrolysis both of carbonization and physical activation in one stage integrated stage. Effect of the chemical impregnated of the activated carbon was studied. The N2 gas environment was used as inert gas of carbonization, and the CO2 gas was used as a physical activation atmosphere. The dimension of solid coin porous carbon was evaluated in the before and after high-temperature pyrolysis based on reduction of mass, diameter, and thickness. Furthermore, the porous carbon obtained also reviewed microstructure properties by using X-ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the electrode materials were evaluated their electrochemical performances at cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) in different scanning rate of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mV s−1, at window voltage of 0.0-1.0V and current density of 1.0 A g−1. The optimum capacitive properties were found as high as 159 F g−1 at aqueous electrolyte of 1 M H2SO4. The energy density was reviewed of 9.91 Wh kg−1 at optimum power density of 97.17 W kg−1.