bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic electrostatic model of amorphous-crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 heterojunction
Authors: Nagendra Arun , Trombley Jeremy , Chan Erwin H W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Motivated by its potential properties and applications, the energy band alignment of the amorphous-crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 heterojunction in thermal equilibrium is explored. An approximate analytic model based on the exact solution to Poisson’s equation is constructed to describe the electrostatics of the heterojunction between the amorphous phase and the face-centred cubic crystalline phase of Ge2Sb2Te5. The model captures the physics of accumulation in the crystalline layer, as well as that of depletion and inversion due to the deep defect distribution in the amorphous layer. Without introducing fitting parameters, the model approximates the influence of the density of states parameters of each phase on the electric potential distribution across the heterojunction. It is then validated against the exact solution obtained numerically using solar cell capacitance simulations. Apart from the small inaccuracy in modelling the electric potential distribution in the depletion region, simulation results reveal that the approximations are successful in modelling the electrostatics of the heterojunction.
Determination of polarization angles in CMB experiments and application to CMB component separation analyses
Authors: de la Hoz E. , Diego-Palazuelos P. , Martínez-González E. , Vielva P. , Barreiro R.B. , Bilbao-Ahedo J.D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe new generation of CMB polarization experiments will reach limits of sensitivity never achieved before in order to detect the elusive primordialB-mode signal. However, all these efforts will be futile if we lack a tight control of systematics. Here, we focus on the systematic that arises from the uncertainty on the calibration of polarization angles. Miscalibrated polarization angles induce a mixing ofE- andB-modes that obscures the primordialB-mode signal. We introduce an iterative angular power spectra maximum likelihood-based method to calculate the polarization angles (α̂) from the multi-frequency signal. The basis behind this methodology grounds on nulling theCℓEBpower spectra. In order to simplify the likelihood, we assume that the rotation angles are small (≲ 6°) and, the maximum likelihood solution for the rotation angles α̂ is obtained by applying an iterative process where the covariance matrix does not depend on α̂ per iteration, i.e., the rotation angles are fixed to the estimated α̂ in the previous iteration. With these assumptions, we obtain an analytical linear system which leads to a very fast computational implementation. We show that with this methodology we are able to determine the rotation angle for each frequency with sufficiently good accuracy. To prove the latter point we perform component separation analyses using the parametric component separation method B-SeCRET with two different approaches. In the first approach we apply the B-SeCRET pipeline to the signal de-rotated with the estimation of α̂, while in the second, the rotation angles are treated as model parameters using the estimation of α̂ as a prior information. We obtain that the rotation angles estimations improve after applying the second approach, and show that the systematic residuals due to the non-null calibration polarization angles are mitigated to the order of a 1% at the power spectrum level.
Primordial black holes ensued from exponential potential and coupling parameter in nonminimal derivative inflation model
Authors: Heydari Soma , Karami Kayoomars 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Here, Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) creation from exponential potential has been inquired, through gravitationally raised friction emanated from the nonminimal coupling between gravity and field derivative setup. Setting a two-parted exponential function of inflaton field as coupling parameter, and fine-tuning of four parameter Cases of our model, we could sufficiently slow down the inflaton owing to high friction during an ultra slow-roll phase. This empowers us to achieve enough enhancement in the amplitude of curvature perturbations power spectra, via numerical solving of Mukhanov-Sasaki equation. Thereafter, we illustrate the generation of four PBHs with disparate masses in RD era, corresponding to our four parameter Cases. Two specimens of these PBHs with stellar 𝒪(10)M
⊙ and earth 𝒪(10-6)M
⊙ masses can be appropriate to explicate the LIGO-VIRGO events, and the ultrashort-timescale microlensing events in OGLE data, respectively. Another two Cases of PBHs have asteroid masses around 𝒪(10-13)M
⊙ and 𝒪(10-15)M
⊙ with abundance of 96% and 95% of the Dark Matter (DM) content of the universe. Furthermore, we scrutinize the induced Gravitational Waves (GWs) ensued from PBHs production in our model. Subsequently, we elucidate that their contemporary density parameter spectra (ΩGW0
) for all predicted Cases have acmes which lie in the sensitivity scopes of the GWs detectors, thereupon the verity of our conclusions can be verified in view of deduced data from these detectors. At length, our numerical outcomes exhibit a power-law behavior for the spectra of ΩGW0
with respect to frequency as ΩGW0
(f) ∼ (f/fc
)
n
in the proximity of acmes position. As well, in the infrared regime f ≪ fc
, the log-reliant form of power index as n = 3 - 2/ln(fc
/f) is attained.
Seniority and

configurations in neutron-rich Nickel isotopes *
Authors: Sidorov S. , Zhulyaeva D. , Tretyakova T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Excited states in low-energy spectra of

Ni are considered. Accordingly, pairing forces in the form of surface delta interaction are employed to account for the formation of the ground state multiplet with seniority

states. The multiplet splitting is described with mass relationships of masses of neighboring nuclei. Subsequently, the seniority model is adopted to reproduce or predict the states

in odd-even isotopes and

in even-even isotopes. The correct account of the

state should allow for the description of the reversed order of

states with

and

observed in experiments. The results obtained are compared with the structure of similar multiplets in

isotones.
Derivation of a constitutive model for the rheology of jammed soft suspensions from particle dynamics
Authors: Cuny Nicolas , Mari Romain , Bertin Eric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Considering the rheology of two-dimensional soft suspensions above the jamming density, we derive a tensorial constitutive model from the microscopic particle dynamics. Starting from the equation governing the N-particle distribution, we derive an evolution equation for the stress tensor. This evolution equation is not closed, as it involves the pair and three-particle correlation functions. To close this equation, we first employ the standard Kirkwood closure relation to express the three-particle correlation function in terms of the pair correlation function. Then we use a simple and physically motivated parametrization of the pair correlation function to obtain a closed evolution equation for the stress tensor. The latter is naturally expressed as separate evolution equations for the pressure and for the deviatoric part of the stress tensor. These evolution equations provide us with a non-linear tensorial constitutive model describing the rheological response of a jammed soft suspension to an arbitrary uniform deformation. One of the advantages of this microscopically-rooted description is that the coefficients appearing in the constitutive model are known in terms of packing fraction and microscopic parameters.
A numerical method to calculate multiple epidemic waves in COVID-19 with a realistic total number of people involved
Authors: Namiki Masao , Yano Ryosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We use the total number of individuals involved in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), namely, N, inside a specific region as a parameter in the susceptible-infected-quarantined-recovery (SIQR) model of Odagaki. Public data on the number of newly detected individuals are fitted by the numerical results of the SIQR model with optimized parameters. As a result of the optimization, we can determine the total number of individuals involved in COVID-19 inside a specific region and call such an SIQR model with a realistic total number of people involved the SIQR-N model. We then propose two methods to simulate multiple epidemic waves (MEWs), which appear in the time evolution of the number of the newly detected individuals. One is a decomposition of MEWs into independent epidemic waves that can be approximated by multiple time-derivative logistic functions (MTLF). Once the decomposition of the MEWs is completed, we fit the solution of the SIQR-N model to each MTLF using optimized parameters. Finally, we superpose the solutions obtained by multiple SIQR-N (MSIQR-N) models with the optimized parameters to fit the MEWs. The other is a set of N in the SIQR-N model as a function of time, namely, N(t), now called the SIQR-N

t
model. Numerical results indicate that a logistic functional approximation of N(t) fits MEWs with good accuracy. Finally, we confirm the availability of the MSIQR-N model with effects of vaccination using the recent data in Israel.
Coupled multiphysics analysis of a 4-vane RFQ accelerator under high power operation
Authors: Zhu X. , Marchand C. , Piquet O. , Desmons M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe radiofrequency resonant four-quadrant mechanical structure of a 4-Vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) has a high quality factor and narrow bandwidth, resulting in high sensitivity to frequency detuning caused by thermal expansion under high power operation, so minimization of frequency errors and affording dynamic tuning are very important design issues. Here we describe an optimization approach to figure out a suitable cooling design for a 4-vane RFQ in steady state. Besides, we investigate how the accelerator responds in transient thermal analysis that could help to guide commissioning and reduce frequency detuning. Multiphysics analysis utilized with CST and ANSYS for a recently developed 176 MHz 4-vane RFQ is taken as an example. This RFQ will dissipate 211 kW when reaching an inter-vane voltage of 80 kV, which is required for an acceleration of an 80-mA proton from 65 keV to 2.5 MeV in 5.3 meters.
Forward Beam Monitor for the KATRIN experiment
Authors: Beglarian A. , Ellinger E. , Haußmann N. , Helbing K. , Hickford S. , Naumann U. , Ortjohann H.-W. , Steidl M. , Wolf J. , Wüstling S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment
aims to measure the neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV
(90 % CL). This will be achieved by a precision measurement of the
endpoint region of the β-electron spectrum of tritium
decay. The β-electrons are produced in the Windowless
Gaseous Tritium Source (WGTS) and guided magnetically through the
beamline. In order to accurately extract the neutrino mass the
source activity is required to be stable and known to a high
precision. The WGTS therefore undergoes constant extensive
monitoring from several measurement systems. The Forward Beam
Monitor (FBM) is one such monitoring system.

The FBM system comprises a complex mechanical setup capable of
inserting a detector board into the KATRIN beamline with a
positioning precision of better than 0.3 mm. The electron flux
density at that position is on the order of
106 s-1 mm-2. The detector board contains two silicon
detector chips of p-i-n diode type which can measure the
β-electron flux from the source with a precision of 0.1 %
within 60 s with an energy resolution of FWHM = 2 keV.

The unique challenge in developing the FBM arises from its
designated operating environment inside the Cryogenic Pumping
Section which is a potentially tritium contaminated ultra-high
vacuum chamber at cryogenic temperatures in the presence of a 1 T
strong magnetic field. Each of these parameters do strongly limit
the choice of possible materials which e.g. caused difficulties in
detector noise reduction, heat dissipation and lubrication. In order
to completely remove the FBM from the beam tube a 2 m long
traveling distance into the beamline is needed demanding a robust as
well as highly precise moving mechanism.
“Constructed Wetland Park as Happy Public Space to Achieve Quality of life: Case Study of 10 Ramadan City”
Authors: Barmelgy M EL , Elsaman S M , Refaat D T , Haron A , El Maalt A E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Happy public park (HPS) spaces can be defined as a place that gives us a positive perception that motivates us to spend time and live an unforgettable experience in our memory. As important as the urban blue-green spaces, constructed wetland parks (CWPs) have a spread of environmental and social benefits. Constructed wetlands now are used as an environmental contrivance in many countries. It achieves many benefits like increasing biodiversity, habitats, water treatment, and decreasing pollution. In the last decade, this technology was used in Egypt as a tool for water treatment-funded projects like Manzla lakes and small-scale projects. The research aim is to identify and define the relation between a happy public space (HPS) and a constructed wetland park (CWP) and evaluate the indicators which can create a constructed wetland park (CWP) as a happy public space (HPS), The simulated data collected from an experts’ point of view. The method is to link the indicators that affect the public space especially in a Case study on the 10th of Ramadan “constructed wetland park” to be happy public space and analyzing (WTP) and (HPS) indicators through interviews, workshops, and questionnaires as were statistical analysis of the linkages between the indicators to measure the effective indicators and removing ineffective indicators, to reach a guideline which can create a happy public space in constructed wetland park.
Correlation analysis of roughness surface height distribution parameters and maximum mises stress
Authors: Duo Yang , Qibo Wang , Jinyuan Tang , Fujia Xia , Wei Zhou , Yuqin Wen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Roughness surfaces contact analysis is cutting-edge research in interface design. The 3D rough surface amplitude distribution characterized by height distribution parameters(
Sq
(root mean square),
Ssk
(skewness),
Sku
(kurtosis)) has a great influence on the extreme value and distribution of the interface contact stress. However, the relationship between height distribution parameters and surface maximum mises stress (
σ

max
) is still unclear and lacks of in-depth study. Through BP(Back Propagation) neural network, global sensitivity qualitative (Morris) and quantitative (Sobol) analysis methods, the relationship between
Sq
,
Ssk
,
Sku
and
σ

max
under different loads is studied. Based on complete polynomial and permutation combination method, the optimal correlation model between height distribution parameters and
σ

max
was established, and particle swarm algorithm was introduced to analyze
σ

max
extreme values under different
Sq
. The results show that: (1) Under different loads, the order about height distribution parameters influence on surface contact stress is:
Sq >
Ssk >
Sku
, and as the load increases, the influence of
Ssk
and
Sku
gradually decreases. (2) In different roughness surfaces, the influence of
Ssk
and
Sku
on the contact performance is significantly full of discrepancy. The research results provide reference and technical support for active design of rough surface microstructure to improved contact performance.
Review of possible very high-altitude platforms for stratospheric aerosol injection
Authors: Smith Wake , Bhattarai Umang , Bingaman Donald C , Mace James L , Rice Christian V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Economically efficient injection of aerosols into the stratosphere for the purpose of deflecting incoming sunlight and managing the Earth’s energy budget would require high-altitude deployment platforms. Studies suggest that high-altitude injection at 25 km would substantially enhance the forcing efficacy of the aerosols compared to injections at 20 km. While platforms capable of lofting and releasing aerosols up to an altitude of 20 km have been explored in other studies, similar studies assessing the feasibility of deployment platforms at an altitude of 25 km seem to be lacking. No existing aircraft is suitable for this purpose. In this paper, we review five possible concepts for deployment at 25 km and conclude that all of them would multiply costs, complexity, and operational risk substantially relative to deployment at 20 km.
Major point and nonpoint sources of nutrient pollution to surface water have declined throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Authors: Sabo Robert D , Sullivan Breck , Wu Cuiyin , Trentacoste Emily , Zhang Qian , Shenk Gary W , Bhatt Gopal , Linker Lewis C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding drivers of water quality in local watersheds is the first step for implementing targeted restoration practices. Nutrient inventories can inform water quality management decisions by identifying shifts in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances over space and time while also keeping track of the likely urban and agricultural point and nonpoint sources of pollution. The Chesapeake Bay Program’s Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST) provides N and P balance data for counties throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and these data were leveraged to create a detailed nutrient inventory for all the counties in the watershed from 1985–2019. This study focuses on three primary watershed nutrient balance components—agricultural surplus, atmospheric deposition, and point source loads—which are thought to be the leading anthropogenic drivers of nutrient loading trends across the watershed. All inputs, outputs, and derived metrics (n=53) like agricultural surplus and nutrient use efficiency, were subjected to short- and long-term trend analyses to discern how sources of pollution to surface water have changed over time. Across the watershed from 1985–2019, downward trends in atmospheric deposition were ubiquitous. Though there are varying effects, long-term declines in agricultural surplus were observed, likely because nutrients are being managed more efficiently. Multiple counties’ point source loads declined, primarily associated with upgrades at major cities that discharge treated wastewater directly to tidal waters. Despite all of these positive developments, recent increases in agricultural surpluses from 2009–2019 highlight that water quality gains may soon be reversed in many agricultural areas of the basin. Besides tracking progress and jurisdictional influence on pollution sources, the nutrient inventory can be used for retrospective water quality analysis to highlight drivers of past improvement/degradation of water quality trends and for decision makers to develop and track their near- and long-term watershed restoration strategies.
Quantifying the electricity, CO2 emissions, and economic tradeoffs of precooling strategies for a single-family home in Southern California*
Authors: Mayes Stepp , Sanders Kelly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High fractions of variable renewable electricity generation have challenged grid management within the balancing authority overseen by the California’s Independent System Operator (CAISO). In the early evening, solar resources tend to diminish as the system approaches peak demand, putting pressure on fast-responding, emissions-intensive natural gas generators. While residential precooling, a strategy intended to shift the timing of air-conditioning usage from peak-demand periods to cheaper off-peak periods, has been touted in the literature as being effective for reducing peak electricity usage and costs, we explore its impact on CO2 emissions in regional grids like CAISO that have large disparities in their daytime versus nighttime emissions intensities. Here we use EnergyPlus to simulate precooling in a typical U.S. single-family home in California climate zone 9 to quantify the impact of precooling on peak electricity usage, CO2 emissions, and residential utility costs. We find that replacing a constant-setpoint cooling schedule with a precooling schedule can reduce peak period electricity consumption by 57% and residential electricity costs by nearly 13%, while also reducing CO2 emissions by 3.5%. These results suggest the traditional benefits of precooling can be achieved with an additional benefit of reducing CO2 emissions in grids with high daytime renewable energy penetrations.
Non-inferiority of intranasal ketamine compared to intravenous morphine for musculoskeletal pain relief among older adults in an emergency department: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tongbua Suchada , Sri-on Jiraporn , Thong-on Kwannapa , Paksophis Thitiwan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
ketamine has potential advantages over morphine for musculoskeletal pain relief. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of intranasal (IN) ketamine to intravenous (IV) morphine for older adults with musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
this was a non-inferiority, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of ED patients aged of 65 and older presenting with acute moderate to severe musculoskeletal pain defined as a score ≥5 on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients were randomly assigned to receive IN ketamine or IV morphine. The primary outcome was comparative reduction of NRS pain scores between ketamine and morphine groups at 30 min post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were incidence of adverse events and requirement for rescue therapy.

Results
seventy-four patients were eligible for analysis (37 in the IN ketamine and 37 in the IV morphine group). Mean pain score at 30 min did not differ significantly between IN ketamine and IV morphine groups (6.03 versus 5.81). Similarly, the difference in mean NRS change from baseline between IN ketamine and IV morphine groups [(−2.14, 95% CI: −2.79 to −1.48) and (−0.81, 95% CI: −2.36 to −1.26) = −0.32, 95% CI: −1.17 to −0.52] did not reach the non-inferiority margin of 1.3. Adverse events and incidence of rescue therapy also did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
intranasal ketamine can provide a non-inferior analgesic effect compared to intravenous morphine for acute musculoskeletal pain in older adults with mild adverse effects and low incidence of rescue analgesic treatment.
PANPROVA: pangenomic prokaryotic evolution of full assemblies
Authors: Bonnici Vincenzo , Giugno Rosalba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationComputational tools for pangenomic analysis have gained increasing interest over the past two decades in various applications such as evolutionary studies and vaccine development. Synthetic benchmarks are essential for the systematic evaluation of their performance. Currently, benchmarking tools represent a genome as a set of genetic sequences and fail to simulate the complete information of the genomes, which is essential for evaluating pangenomic detection between fragmented genomes.ResultsWe present PANPROVA, a benchmark tool to simulate prokaryotic pangenomic evolution by evolving the complete genomic sequence of an ancestral isolate. In this way, the possibility of operating in the preassembly phase is enabled. Gene set variations, sequence variation and horizontal acquisition from a pool of external genomes are the evolutionary features of the tool.Availability and implementationPANPROVA is publicly available at https://github.com/InfOmics/PANPROVA. The manuscript explicitelly refers to the github repository.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.