bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resiliency enhancement of power system against intentional attacks
Authors: Faramarzi Farshad , Niknam Taher , Aghaei Jamshid , Rashidi Mohammadrashid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNatural disasters, man‐made attacks, and cyber‐attacks are some of the main hazards of power system which can interrupt the process of continuous power delivery to the end users. In this way, man‐made attacks characteristics’ are fundamentally different from other hazards due to its adaptive strategy that allows attackers to target the most vulnerable parts of the power system. By choosing appropriate time and place; attackers always have advantages over the defender to penetrate the system and launch malicious actions. Therefore, it is quite necessary to take into account the optimal policy for allocating resources in the defender's strategy. This research proposes a four‐level Defence–Defence–Attack–Defence (DDAD) approach to improve the power system resilience against the intentional human attacks. A new defence level, a planning level, is added to the common three‐level Defence–Attack–Defence (DAD) model in power system planning state in order to prevent cut off loads and voltage drop beyond standard with lower cost. In the proposed method, load priority is used to classify the vulnerable sections. The proposed model is performed on IEEE‐30 bus test system and the results indicate the feasibility of the proposed method. As the results indicate, in proposed method less than 10% budget is needed compared with the previous method while all critical loads will be remained. Furthermore, the new method needs no security guard to protect transmission lines for 30 years.
Das schulterspezifische Outcome nach proximaler Humerusfraktur hat Einfluss auf die mittelfristige allgemeine Lebensqualität
Authors: Henkelmann Ralf , Link Paul-Vincent , Melcher Peter , Theopold Jan , Hepp Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die operative Therapie der proximalen Humerusfraktur ist ein etabliertes Verfahren. Es zeigte sich, dass postoperative Komplikationen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf
das schulterspezifische Outcome haben. Wenig ist bisher bekannt über einen Einfluss auf die verletzungsunabhängige Lebensqualität.
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie ist es, zu analysieren, ob Patienten mit einem schlechten funktionellen Outcome nach operativ versorgter proximaler Humerusfraktur
mittelfristig ebenso eine eingeschränkte allgemeine Lebensqualität aufweisen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Analyse von Patienten mit schlechtem funktionellem Outcome aufgrund von
postoperativen Komplikationen.
Material und Methoden Auswertung aller im Zentrum operierten Patienten mit einer proximalen Humerusfraktur im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2005 bis 31.12.2015 und Nachuntersuchung mittels
validierter Scores (Constant-Murley Score [CMS], EQ-5D). Es wurden 2 Gruppen, Gruppe A mit gutem Outcome (∆CMS ≤ 15P.) und Gruppe B mit schlechtem Outcome (∆CMS ≥ 16P.), definiert.
Weiterhin wurden im Vorfeld deskriptive Variablen inkl. Definition einer Komplikation festgelegt.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 138 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen (Gruppe A: 91, Gruppe B: 47). Das durchschnittliche Follow-up beträgt 93,86 Monate ± 37,33 (36–167). Gruppe B hatte
signifikant mehr Komplikationen. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass Patienten mit einem schlechten Outcome bez. der Schulter (Gruppe B) auch einen signifikant niedrigeren EQ-VAS (78,9 ± 19,2
[20,0–100] vs. 70,4 ± 19,5 [15,0–98,0]; p = 0,008) und EQ-Index (0,91 ± 0,14 [0,19–1,00] vs. 0,82 ± 0,17 [0,18–1,00]; p < 0,001) haben.
Diskussion Zusammenfassend weisen in der vorliegenden Studie die Patienten mit einem schlechten Outcome der Schulterfunktion im CMS nach durchschnittlich mehr als 6 Jahren
Follow-up eine signifikant niedrigere generelle Lebensqualität auf. Das schlechte Outcome ist auf eine signifikant höhere postoperative Komplikationsrate zurückzuführen. Dies war
unabhängig von der vorliegenden Frakturmorphologie und vom verwendeten operativen Verfahren.
Quantitative Proteomics Based on iTRAQ Reveal that Nitidine Chloride
Induces Apoptosis by Activating JNK/c-Jun Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cells
Authors: Chen Shipeng , Liao Yinan , Lv Jinyan , Hou Huaxin , Feng Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects and
underlying molecular mechanisms of nitidine chloride (NC) in hepatocellular
carcinoma cells via quantitative proteomics. MTT assays were used to detect the
inhibitory effects of NC in Bel-7402 liver cancer cells, and the number of
apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry. Quantitative proteomics
technology based on iTRAQ was used to discover differential expressed proteins
after NC treatment, and bioinformatic techniques were further used to screen
potential targets of NC. Molecular docking was applied to evaluate the docking
activity of NC with possible upstream proteins, and their expression was
detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative reverse transcription
PCR and western blotting. NC inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells after
24 h of treatment and stimulated apoptosis in vitro. The proteomics
experiment showed that NC triggers mitochondrial damage in HCC cells and
transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun) may be a potential target of NC (fold
change = 4.36 ± 0.23). Molecular docking results revealed the highest docking
score of NC with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the upstream proteins of
c-Jun. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of c-Jun and JNK were
significantly increased after NC treatment (p < 0.05). These findings
indicate that NC significantly induced mitochondrial damage in HCC cells, and
induced apoptosis by activating JNK/c-Jun signaling.
Zementfreie Kurzschaftprothesen in der Hüftendoprothetik: Möglichkeiten und Limits
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Kutzner Karl Philipp , Pfeil Joachim , Drees Philipp , Rehbein Philipp , Dargel Jens 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahrzehnten ist eine Vielzahl von zementfreien Kurzschaftprothesen auf den Markt gekommen. Gemeinsam vereinen sie das Ideal der weichteilschonenden und minimalinvasiven
Hüftgelenksendoprothetik mit knochensparenden Implantationstechniken. Hervorzuheben ist die neueste Generation von Kurzschaftprothesen, die schenkelhalsteilerhaltend und kalkargeführt in
einer Round-the-Corner-Technik implantiert werden. Die patientenadaptierte Resektionsebene ergibt die Möglichkeit für eine variable Positionierung des Implantates und eine optimale
Rekonstruktion der individuellen Hüftgeometrie. Die vielversprechende frühe Datenlage in der primären hüftendoprothetischen Versorgung führt zunehmend zu einer Ausweitung der Möglichkeiten
und Grenzen des Kurzschaftes. Insbesondere die individuelle Positionierung in Valgus- oder Varusposition und die resultierende individuelle metaphysäre oder metadiaphysäre Verankerung
eröffnet zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, auch abweichende anatomische Hüftgelenksvarianten optimal rekonstruieren zu können. Zunehmend finden daher Kurzschaftprothesen auch Einsatz bei Patienten
mit komplexen anatomischen Variationen, Anomalien oder auch bei aseptischen Hüftkopfnekrosen. In Einzelfällen werden sie auch in der Revisions- oder Konversionsendoprothetik eingesetzt. In
bestimmten Einzelfällen können diese Implantate auch in der Frakturendoprothetik eingesetzt werden. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen hierzu stehen gegenwärtig jedoch noch aus.
Sonografische Diagnostik tonsillärer Abszesse: Eigene Erfahrungen und eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Miksch Malin , Koch Michael , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Mueller Sarina K. , Rupp Robin , Iro Heinrich , Sievert Matti 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die transkutane Sonografie ist seit einigen
Jahrzehnten ein fester Bestandteil der bildgebenden Diagnostik im Kopf-Hals-Bereich.
Insbesondere in der Darstellung von Abszessen der Fossa tonsillaris ist die Sonografie eine
schnelle, sichere und kostengünstige diagnostische Methode. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick
über die derzeit publizierten Studien in Bezug auf die diagnostische Wertigkeit geben.
Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in
folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed und MEDLINE nach den Suchbegriffen transcutaneous
ultrasound, tonsillar abscess, peritonsillar abscess, intratonsillar abscess, peritonsillar
cellulitis und parapharyngeal abscess. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten
nach festgelegten Kriterien.
Ergebnisse Die Publikationen wurden in Bezug auf die klinische
Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung und die diagnostische Genauigkeit analysiert. Die
Sensitivität und Spezifität werden je nach Studie und Patientenkollektiv zwischen 67 % und 100
% bzw. 50 % und 93 % angegeben.
Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten
Ergebnisse verspricht die transkutane Sonografie ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik des
Peritonsillarabszesses zu verbessern, und ermöglicht eine gute Abgrenzbarkeit zur
peritonsillären Zellulitis. Dies ist für das klinische Management von Patienten mit
Abszessverdacht von entscheidender Bedeutung.
A Comparison of Outcomes Using Combined Intra- and Extradural versus Extradural-Only Repair of Tegmen Defects
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , D'Souza Glen , Hattar-Medina Ellina , Karsy Michael , Chiffer Rebecca C. , Willcox Thomas O. , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective Tegmen tympani or tegmen mastoideum defects involve dehiscence of the temporal bone that can be a source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea. Herein, we compare a combined intra-/extradural repair strategy with an extradural-only repair as it pertains to surgical and clinical outcomes.Design A retrospective review from our institution was performed of patients with tegmen defects requiring surgical intervention.Participants Patients with tegmen defects who underwent surgery (combined transmastoid and middle fossa craniotomy) for repair of tegmen defects between 2010 and 2020 were inclined in this study.Results A total of 60 patients with 40 intra-/extradural (mean follow-up time: 1,060 ± 1,103 days) and 20 extradural-only (mean follow-up time: 519 ± 369 days) repairs were identified. No major differences in demographic factors or presenting symptoms were identified between the two cohorts. There was no difference in hospital length of stay between the two patient cohorts (mean: 4.15 vs. 4.35 days, p = 0.8). In the extradural-only repair technique, synthetic bone cement was more frequently used (100 vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01), whereas in the combined intra-/extradural repair, synthetic dural substitute was used more often (80 vs. 35%, p < 0.01), with similar successful surgical outcomes achieved. Despite disparities in the techniques and materials used for repair, there were no differences in complication rates (wound infection, seizures, and ossicular fixation), 30-day readmission rates, or persistent CSF leak between the two treatment cohorts.Conclusion The results of this study suggest no difference in clinical outcomes between combined intra-/extradural versus extradural-only repair of tegmen defects. A simplified extradural-only repair strategy can be effective, and may reduce the morbidity of intradural reconstruction (seizures, stroke, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage).
First Total Syntheses of (±)-Callyspongidic Acids and 2-epi-(±)-Callyspongidic Acids
Authors: Gholap Shivajirao L. , Das Sayani , Bala Anju , Sharma Kapil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe first total syntheses of (±)-callyspongidic acids and 2-epi-(±)-callyspongidic acids were achieved in high overall yield from epoxy ester derived from commercially available l-(+)-tartaric acid. The key features of these syntheses are the stereoselective opening of epoxide with organocuprates and the chemoselective addition of Grignard reagent to ketone in the presence of ester. The synthetic route reported here is operationally simple, very short and amenable for the synthesis of several analogues of this class.
Atrial Fibrillation after Rheumatic Heart Valve Surgery: Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid Shaker , Kheirallah Khaled , Mayyas Fadia , Waqfi Nizar , Al-Zoubi Nabil , Wagner David Van 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS) impacts 10 to 65% of patients. AFACS is associated with stroke and other systemic embolic manifestations.
Methods Patients at our hospital who underwent rheumatic valve surgery procedures including aortic valve replacement (AVR), mitral valve replacement (MVR), AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), MVR with CABG, or AVR and MVR with/without CABG were included in this study in the period from 2002 to 2017.
Results In total, 346 patients were included in the current analysis, with a mean age of 51.6 ± 16.1 years, and 51% were males. AFACS was documented in 102 patients (29.9%)
. Univariate predictors of AFACS included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), operation type, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left atrial (LA) diameter, previous history of AF, use of aldosterone antagonists more than a month before surgery, use of diuretics more than a month before surgery, length of ICU stay, total length of stay, cross-clamp time more than 90 minutes, pump time more than 120 minutes, postoperative acute kidney injury, left ventricular dimensions.By multivariate analysis, only age (p = 0.028, AOR = 10.6), male gender (p = 0.021, AOR = 3.4), type of surgery (p = 0.034, AOR = 7.12), history of AF (p = 0.018, AOR =
2.32), BMI (p < 0.001, AOR = 3.91), EF before surgery (p ≤ 0.001, AOR = 3.91), and LA diameter (p = 0.0051, AOR = 18.23) were independent predictors of AFACS.
Conclusion This study identifies risk factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation after rheumatic valve heart surgery. Older patients, male gender, type of surgery, preoperative AF, BMI, EF before surgery, and LA diameter are independent predictors of AF after cardiac valve surgery.
Noninvasive Bioreactance-Based Fluid Management Monitoring: A Review of Literature
Authors: Mehta Yatin , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Maheswarappa Harish Mallapura , Saxena Gaurav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBody fluid balance is an independent predictor of mortality. For each liter of fluid over and above 5 L, risk-adjusted excess mortality is seen. Mortality increased by 2.3% for each 1 L of fluid and hospital costs increased by $999. Accordingly, most recent guidelines have endorsed dynamic modeling. Passive leg raising-induced increase of aortic blood flow ≥ 10% predicts fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 94%. Thus, passive leg raising is often used as gold standard for validation of other procedures (though it's usefulness to assess respiratory variation in vena cava is not conclusive). STARLING, a device based on bioreactance, works on phase shift or time delay while bioimpedance works on the amplitude of the thoracic impedance. Unlike bioimpedance, bioreactance is not affected by the size of the patient, thoracic fluids, or position of sensors.STARLING is equipped with four sensor pads. Each pad contains two sensors, the outer sensor is a transmitting electrode and the inner sensor is a receiving electrode. The STARLING monitor induces a 75-KHz AC current. It then measures the time delay/phase shift.STARLING system, a bioreactance-based dynamic assessment system for fluid responsiveness, predicts it accurately, precisely, and noninvasively. It reduces invasive risks and is independently validated against pulmonary artery catheter. It is not affected by vasopressors or shock and has wide range of application.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Radakovic Dejan , Penov Kiril , Güder Gülmisal , Aleksic Ivan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation after contained LV rupture (pseudoaneurysm) represents a difficult surgical problem.
Case Description We describe the surgical approach for such a patient. The sewing ring was implanted utilizing a Dacron patch for reconstruction of the free wall, fibrotic LV wall remnants, and a Teflon strip giving additional support for cannula position and hemostasis. The patient had an uneventful recovery and is well 19 months after the procedure.
Conclusion LV pseudoaneurysm is not a contraindication for permanent LVAD implantation.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II: Anesthetic Challenges and Perioperative Management
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Baby S. K. Rojalin , Singh Guriqbal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of genetic diseases that cause weakness and wasting in voluntary muscles of infants and children and more rarely in adults. It is caused by inadequate production of a protein called survival motor neuron (SMN) protein coded by SMN1 gene on chromosome 5. Anesthetic challenges in patients of SMA include their sensitivity toward induction agents such as thiopental, opioids, muscle relaxants, and their incomplete reversal with anticholinesterases. They also have weakness of respiratory muscles and inadequate laryngeal reflexes, which make them prone to aspiration. Although spinal and epidural anesthesia have been described in adults with SMA, but general anesthesia in these patients is very challenging. In this case, successful perioperative management of such a patient scheduled for correction of dislocated hip has been described.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in Bentall Surgery: Hope or Hype?
Authors: Krishnan V. , Prakash Mohit , Kumar Sanjeev , Malhotra Rohit , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 57-year-old male patient who is a known case of hypertension well controlled on ramipril presented with a history of shortness of breath and palpitation of 3 months duration. The symptoms were insidious in onset; however, it progressed rapidly over the period of 3 months, wherein at present the patient feels breathless in performing normal daily activities of living making him New York Heart Association class III patient. Palpitations are regular in nature and present throughout the time and are exacerbated on performing even light activities within his house. There was associated swelling of bilateral lower limbs that usually improved after a night's rest; however, it was not completely resolved. The individual did not give any history of chest pain, presyncope, syncope, or any other symptoms that pointed toward a cardiac condition.
Habitat distributions of 12 co-occurring wallaby grasses (
Authors: McIntyre S. , Müller W. J. , Lewis Jon 
Published: February 2022

The extent and abundance of Rytidosperma Steud. species in mixed woodland, forest and derived grassland was examined over a 15-year period following removal of long-term sheep grazing. Ground-layer vegetation in 73 permanent plots was surveyed five times between 2005 and 2020 in a 50-ha paddock on the southern tablelands of New South Wales. Sites were stratified over the slope positions and micro-habitats represented at the site. Of the 12 Rytidosperma species recorded, only R. pallidum was morphologically and ecologically distinct in the field. The remaining 11 species, termed ‘cryptic Rytidosperma’, were assessed using a novel sampling method developed for this group. Rytidosperma pallida was the only species strongly associated with sclerophyll forest habitat. The 11 other species varied in their habitat preferences but, as a group, were most dominant and persistent on upper slopes. Over the 15 years, the relative abundance of R. pilosum, R. erianthum, R. monticola, R. carphoides and R. caespitosum declined as annual exotics, native sub-shrubs and low-palatability graminoids became more dominant. But only one species (R. pilosum) significantly declined in overall frequency of presence (constancy) in the plots. The changes observed suggest that when pastoral land is converted to conservation management, reduced grazing pressure could affect the abundance of Rytidosperma species important to other species, such as the threatened moth Synemon plana.
A protease-mediated switch regulates the growth of magnetosome organelles in
Magnetospirillum magneticum
Authors: Wan Juan , Browne Patrick J. , Hershey David M. , Montabana Elizabeth , Iavarone Anthony T. , Downing Kenneth H. , Komeili Arash 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Biomineralization, the process by which elaborate three-dimensional structures are built out of organic and inorganic molecules, is central to health and survival of many organisms. In some magnetotactic bacteria, the growth of magnetosome membranes is closely correlated to the progression of mineral formation. However, the molecular mechanisms of such regulation are not clear. We show that the serine protease MamE links magnetosome membrane growth to the controlled production of magnetite nanoparticles through the processing of mineral-associated MamD protein. Our results indicate that membrane growth directly controls mineral growth and shed light on how an organelle’s size can determine its physiological output. Manipulation of the MamE pathway may also open the door for control of nanoparticle size in future biotechnological applications.
Noninvasive inference methods for interaction and noise intensities of coupled oscillators using only spike time data
Authors: Mori Fumito , Kori Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Identifying interactions is essential for understanding self-organized systems because they are a source of order, function, and complexity. However, distinguishing interaction and noise effect is generally difficult because they both critically affect the stability of an ordered state. We propose methods that enable us to simultaneously infer both interaction and noise intensities. Our methods use only the time series of periodic events such as spike time data and do not require any external stimuli. Moreover, it is not necessary to assume a function form to fit. We numerically demonstrate that our methods yield reasonable inference even for a relatively short time series. These features are particularly beneficial for application in biological and chemical complex systems.
Complex decay dynamics of HIV virions, intact and defective proviruses, and 2LTR circles following initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: White Jennifer A. , Simonetti Francesco R. , Beg Subul , McMyn Natalie F. , Dai Weiwei , Bachmann Niklas , Lai Jun , Ford William C. , Bunch Christina , Jones Joyce L. , Ribeiro Ruy. M. , Perelson Alan S. , Siliciano Janet D. , Siliciano Robert F. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
In persons living with HIV-1 who start antiretroviral therapy, virus in the blood decreases rapidly to below the detection limit. The decrease occurs in two phases: a rapid initial decrease in the first weeks, followed by a second, slower phase occurring over the next few months. These decay processes are important because infected cells that remain may become part of the stable latent reservoir that prevents cure. The decay in virus levels in blood presumably reflects the loss of infected cells, but the relationship between the decay of free virus and of infected cells has been unclear. Here, we have analyzed this question using an assay that distinguishes between cells with intact and defective forms of the viral genome.