bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community perceptions with regard to mental illness in urban, rural, and tribal areas in Mysuru
Authors: Hegde Saurish , Chandrashekarappa Smitha Malenahalli , Akbar Shabeena , Murthy M. R. Narayana 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Mental illness is multifactorial in its occurrence varying from place to place, thereby listing different opinions among communities. Religious, cultural beliefs play an important role in the perception of mental illness. This study aims to understand the community perceptions of urban, rural, and tribal areas and associate with sociodemographic factors.

Aims:
(1) To explore the knowledge, attitude, cultural beliefs, and practices with regard to mental illness among urban, rural, and tribal population of Mysuru. (2) To compare the knowledge, attitude, cultural beliefs, and practices with regard to mental illness among urban, rural and tribal population of Mysuru.

Materials and Methods:
Study design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2021 and March 2021 in urban (n = 100), Rural (n = 100), and Tribal (n = 100) field practise areas in Mysuru district among participants aged >18 years. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding their attitude, beliefs, and understanding about mental illness was drafted, and data were obtained from participants after taking their informed consent. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute.

Statistics:
Chi-square analysis was done to see the association between sociodemographic variables and perceptions.

Results:
Participants held different opinions across three different zones. A significant association was seen between their age, place, education, occupation, and type of family with their perception about mental illness.

Conclusion:
We can conclude that age, place, education, and occupation play an important role in the varied perception regarding mental illness. Continuous and focused interventions have to be done among the community for a positive acceptance and reducing stigma toward mental illness.
Study on perception towards psychiatry among nursing students in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sailahari Kakarla V. M. , Abhinaya R. V. R. , Ramireddy K. V. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Nursing fraternity plays a pivotal role in psychiatric services. Psychiatric conditions and persons suffering from them may elicit the different kinds of attitudinal responses. While there are multiple factors leading to an individual's decision to specialize in psychiatry, the individual's perceptions and attitudes toward psychiatry tend to play an essential role

Aim:
The current study aimed at assessing the attitude toward psychiatry among nursing students at a tertiary care hospital.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and thirty-seven nursing students from Tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited the study and administered attitudes assessed using Attitudes toward Psychiatry-18 Scale.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistics version 23.

Results:
Majority of respondents showed favorable attitudes toward 14 items and unfavorable attitudes in remaining 4 items. Only 29.9% participants expressed their willingness to specialize in psychiatric nursing.

Conclusions:
A study found majority of students having favorable attitudes toward psychiatry. More can be done in the present education and training curriculum to develop empathetic attitudes toward people with mental illness, as it will affect the way these prospective nursing students deliver care toward their patients.
Wounded healers? Exploring body image perceptions and the need for psychosocial intervention among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Simon Miriam Archana , Divecha Chhaya Akshay , Tayyab Hassan , Asaad Alhassan Ali 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Body image issues are on the rise and affect people of all ages. It is one of the top-ranked issues of concern for young people. The present study aims to explore the body image perceptions and concerns of medical students, in particular their body esteem.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted among the medical students at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman. Students across the 6 years in the medical program were invited to be part of the study. Self-report of body mass index and body weight satisfaction were obtained. Participants were also required to complete items corresponding to the Appearance and Attribution sub-scales of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults.

Results:
Results from 351 participants indicate that medical students in Oman experience low body esteem, especially related to the self-perception of their appearance and evaluations of others. Bodyweight dissatisfaction and behavioral attempts to change weight, though associated, are not very strong predictors for body esteem.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that psychosocial and cultural factors may play a major contributory role in body image perceptions. Exposure to medical training that instills knowledge and awareness of body composition, eating habits and eating disorders does not seem to positively impact higher body esteem in students. It is recommended that awareness modules and psychoeducation sessions focusing on body image issues be planned and initiated for medical students in Oman.
Alterations in body composition in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hamama Eman S. , El-Sherif Marwa S. , El-Asrar Mohamed A. , Makkeyah Sara M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
We studied the body composition among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as compared to healthy controls.

Methods
Twenty-nine survivors of childhood ALL and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio. Body composition was analyzed using Tanita SC-330P scale. Measurement of fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, and serum leptin was done for all participants.

Results
BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) was significantly higher among the survivor group (mean±SD 0.79±1.2) versus controls (0.25±0.85, P=0.041). Obesity/overweightness were more prevalent among survivors than the control group (34.5% and 17.6%, respectively); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.215). There was no difference between both the groups when comparing waist-to-hip ratio, body fat %, fat-free mass %, muscle mass %, and total body water % as well as serum leptin and lipid profile. Among ALL survivors, the overweight/obese group had higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol than survivors with normal BMI-SDS (P=0.0127 and 0.025, respectively), while other variables, including gender, median time from diagnosis, cranial irradiation, serum leptin, were comparable for both the groups.

Conclusion
ALL survivors are more prone to obesity and altered body composition. Incorporating preventive strategies early into treatment regimens is needed to prevent the development of these metabolic abnormalities.
Assessment of Von Willebrand factor antigen and activity levels in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Abozied Alaa , Ahmed Yousryeia A. , Mohammed Saleh Mostafa F. , Galal Hanan , Abbas Wael A. 
Published: May 2022

Background
There is a close interaction between inflammation and coagulation. Hemostatic abnormalities are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with higher risk for a hypercoagulable state and prothrombotic conditions. In addition, a few cases of acquired coagulopathy with higher risk of bleeding have been reported. The involved pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood.

Objective
This is a case–control study that aimed to assess the levels of Von Willebrand factor (VWF) in IBD as a marker of disease activity and its relation to higher risk of bleeding or thrombotic events.

Patients and methods
A total of 46 patients with IBD aged 18 years or older were enrolled in the study. After consenting, patients were divided into two groups: one group included 23 patients with active IBD and the other group included 23 patients with inactive IBD. Activity of Crohn's disease was assessed through the Harvey-Bradshaw index and activity in patients with ulcerative colitis was evaluated with the simple clinical colitis activity index. The white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, fecal calprotectin, VWF antigen level (VWF:Ag), and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were measured. The VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio was calculated.

Results
There were significant differences in the mean±SD of vWF antigen and vWF:RCo levels between active IBD group (189.30±62.83 and 101.73±23.42, respectively, P=0.001) and inactive IBD group 177.30±64.90 and 97.08±24.21, respectively, P=0.001). The IBD activity index was correlated with VWF antigen (r=0.78 P=0.001) and VWF:RCo levels (r=0.74 P=0.001). VWF antigen and VWF:RCo were correlated with fecal calprotectin (r=0.65, P=0.001, and r=0.67, P=0.001, respectively). The odds ratio of an elevated vWF antigen greater than 150% was 24 (95% confidence interval: 4.38–131.47) in the group with active IBD compared with the inactive IBD group. The VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio of less than 0.7 which reflects the possibility of acquired Von Willebrand syndrome was detected in five patients (21.7%) with active IBD in comparison with only one patient (4.3%) in the inactive IBD group, with odds ratio of 6.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–57.1).

Conclusion
VWF antigen and activity levels can be used as markers for evaluation of IBD activity. Assessment of VWF in IBD could be significant for better hemostatic control of such patients. Activated coagulation system in IBD is well known; however, precautions for coexisting acquired functional coagulopathy should be considered.
Comparison of self-assembled video laryngoscope versus McGrath MAC®: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sukmono Besthadi , Manggala Sidharta K. , Auerkari Aino N. , Christina Budiani 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Video laryngoscopy highly improves the success rate for endotracheal intubation. However, commercially available video laryngoscopes such as McGrath MAC® can be costly. An economical video laryngoscope was assembled by attaching a fibreoptic videoscope into a Macintosh laryngoscope. This randomised study aimed to compare the intubation time of this self-assembled modified Macintosh video laryngoscope (SAM-VL) and McGrath MAC® (McGrath).

Methods:
This study enroled 62 adults scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was total intubation time. Secondary outcomes were the time for glottic visualisation (time A), time for tube insertion after glottic visualisation (time B), first-attempt intubation success rate, degree of glottic visualisation, and need for backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) assistance, complications, and user satisfaction. The tests used were: Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Mann-Whitney test to analyse the data’s distribution and the primary outcome, respectively.

Results:
The median total intubation time in the SAM-VL group versus the McGrath was 63 s (27–114s) versus 74 s (40–133s), respectively (P = 0.032). Intubation time B was significantly faster, while the score of glottic visualisation and BURP assistance was significantly higher in the SAM-VL group. The differences in the rate of successful first attempts and complications were not statistically significant. SAM-VL users rated the ease of blade insertion and manoeuvrability, degree of glottic visualisation, and overall rating as very high.

Conclusion:
Endotracheal intubation using self-assembled modified video laryngoscope is faster and allows better glottis visualisation than McGrath MAC®.
Preparing future Indian medical graduates for emergencies at the Foundation Course: Do the knowledge and self-confidence increase after basic cardiac life support training?
Authors: Manuel Shaji A. , Tanna Dhara B. , Patel Heena K. , Bose Neeta 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Medical professionals must be able to perform life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during emergency situations, even outside the hospital. The foundation course for the first-year medical students includes first aid and CPR training. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of basic cardiac life support (BCLS) training based on Indian guidelines, on the self-confidence and knowledge regarding CPR of first-year medical students.

Methods:
This study was conducted during the foundation course for first-year medical students. The training included a common lecture for all the students followed by a 4 day long practical training in groups of 45–46 students, each day. BCLS training was carried out in three skill stations – airway, chest compressions and full sequence CPR. Students’ skills were recorded real time on a skill assessment manikin after completion of the hands-on training. The students were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding knowledge and self-confidence, before and after the training. The outcome measures were the difference in knowledge and self-confidence with regard to CPR before and after the training.

Results:
Out of the 199 students, 181 were included in the analysis. There was significant improvement in the knowledge score (pre-test – 1.46 versus post-test – 8.27, P < 0.001). The overall confidence regarding first aid skills, BCLS knowledge and self-confidence for performing BCLS improved significantly.

Conclusion:
There is improvement in knowledge and self-confidence regarding CPR and the students develop an acceptable level of skills after the training.
Immediate Effects of Diode Laser (970±15 nm) on Microbial Load in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Kavita , Chavan D Sunil Kumar , Kripal Krishna , Anuroopa P 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, and the causative periodontal pathogens have been detected in patient samples like plaque, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, crevicular blood, gingival tissues, etc. Laser disinfection is an advanced treatment that has been shown to alter the bacterial flora and have greater efficacy in reducing the progression of the disease.

Aim:
This study is aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of a diode laser (970 ± 15 nm) on the microbial load in GCF, crevicular blood, and saliva samples of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 45 subjects were recruited for the study. Each patient's mouth was divided equally into two halves, which were allotted randomly into two groups. In group I (test group), diode laser disinfection was performed, and in group II (control group), saline irrigation was performed. The GCF, saliva, and crevicular blood samples were collected before and immediately after disinfection for microbial analysis.

Results:
Clinical observations showed a reduction in microbial load in both groups, which were statistically significant in the test group. GCF and saliva samples showed greater reduction when compared with crevicular blood samples in both groups.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the application of diode laser (970 ± 15 nm) has immediate reducing effects on the microbial load in GCF, crevicular blood, and saliva samples in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Evaluation of Morinda Citrifolia Ethanolic Extract Versus Morinda Citrifolia Fresh Fruit Juice for Tissue Response and Systemic Toxicity in Animal Model
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Ramesh Sindhu , Ganesh Karthik , Vasundhara Kaligotla Apoorva 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
An ideal irrigant should exhibit good antimicrobial activity along with smear removal. Various plant extracts have been used for disinfection of the root canal system. The present study aims in evaluating the tissue response and systemic toxicity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia versus Morinda citrifolia fresh fruit juice in an animal model.

Materials and Methods:
A total 48 female adult wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups as Group I- 3% sodium hypochlorite (n = 12), Group II- Saline (Control) (n = 12), Group III- ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia (n = 12), Group IV- Morinda citrifolia Fresh Fruit Juice (n = 12). A trough was made in the periapical bone, and the test sample was placed in the respective groups. The animals were euthanized for 7th day, 14th day and 30th day and the tissue specimen was prepared for histopathological evaluation, and serum analysis was done for oxidative stress markers, liver and renal function tests.

Results:
Serum analysis exhibited significant elevation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) and histopathology showed a higher inflammatory response at 7th and 14th days in group II and group III (P < 0.05), as compared to the other groups. At the 30th day time interval, there was no statistically significant difference in serum analysis and inflammatory response, in all the four groups analysed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia was not biocompatible and more cytotoxic than a Morinda citrifolia fresh fruit juice. So, fresh fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia can be a preferred choice of natural root canal irrigant, with least possible cytotoxic effects as compared to the ethanolic extract.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Reddy T. Hari Sainath , Venkatesh K. Vijay , Mani Rekha 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Newer glass ionomer cements with improved properties are constantly being developed. One such material is the novel Hybrid Glass-Ionomer cement (HGIC) with properties yet to be studied.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength, shear bond strength, wear resistance and fluoride release of Hybrid Glass Ionomer restorative with Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) and Resin modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC).

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Methods and Material:
A total of 300 samples were tested in this study, with 100 samples per group and each group was further subdivided into 5 sub-groups with 20 samples each. Flexural and Shear bond strength values were determined by subjecting the specimens to a universal testing machine. For wear resistance, the specimens were assessed using a pin on the disc tribometer. For fluoride release, the test specimen suspended in 10 mL deionised water was tested at 24 h and 1 week.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way ANOVA.

Results:
RMGIC had the highest flexural and shear bond strength values followed by HGIC and CGIC. HGIC had the least wear rate followed by RMGIC and CGIC. At 24 h and 1 week, HGIC had the highest fluoride release among the study groups.

Conclusions:
HGIC exhibited the highest wear resistance and fluoride release among the cements studied. However, flexural and Shear bond strength values, of RMGIC, was comparatively higher.
Adverse Effect of Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks on Orthodontic Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Venkatesan Keerthi , Srinivasan Bhadrinath , Padmanabhan Sridevi 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The complications of soft drink consumption during orthodontic treatment includes degradation of enamel, reduction in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, and also corrosion of orthodontic wires. The main objective of this review is to discuss the adverse effects of carbonated soft drink (CSD) consumption on patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods:
A search of studies in MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane library, Web of science, IndMED, EMBASE, Google scholar and limited grey literature on the effects of consumption of CSDs was conducted. All pertinent abstracts were reviewed for inclusion. Full articles were retrieved for abstracts or titles that met the initial inclusion criteria or lacked sufficient detail for immediate exclusion.

Results:
Out of the 4484 results obtained from search, 16 articles were selected based on title and 6 articles were eliminated after reading the abstracts. 10 articles were selected for systematic review which included 6 invitro studies, 1 animal study, 1 observational study and 2 invivo studies. Of these, six studies evaluated the effects of carbonated drinks on the shear bond strength of brackets on enamel of which two evaluated the microhardness of enamel, two studies evaluated the mechanical and chemical properties of wires, one evaluated tooth movement and one study focussed on white spot lesions. The results from the selected articles showed that with the consumption of carbonated drinks, there was reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, altered enamel characteristics, alteration of mechanical and physical properties of orthodontic wires and decrease in rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Conclusion:
Based on the available evidence, CSD consumption during orthodontic treatment definitely has an effect on orthodontic appliances, enamel and possibly on tooth movement.
Constituents, Properties and Clinical Applications of Orthomta & Retromta
Authors: Maru Viral , Dixit Uma B. 
Published: May 2022

Aim:
OrthoMTA and RetroMTA are newly developed mineral trioxide aggregates that were developed to achieve maximum benefits and clinical performance. This systematic review aimed at assessing and describing the constituents, properties and uses of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA.

Methodology:
Literature search was performed using the keywords, “OrthoMTA”, “RetroMTA”, “BioMTA”, “constituents” and “properties” in the databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Semantic scholar and Europe PubMed Central. Original articles in English describing the properties, constituents, uses/indications, history and recent advances on OrthoMTA and RetroMTA were considered for the study.

Results:
A total of 35 articles were selected for the systematic review based on keywords selected. Among the 35 articles, 5 articles described the composition and properties of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA, 7 articles depicted the usage of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA and the remaining articles discussed on the various properties of both OrthoMTA and RetroMTA.

Conclusion:
The present review confirmed that RetroMTA exhibits an excellent property, namely, short setting time, less tooth discoloration, high compressive strength, higher shear bond strength with time, higher push-out bond strength, low solubility, low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, antibacterial property, and can be used in reparative processes in case of blood contamination. However, even OrthoMTA showed less microleakage, is biocompatible and possesses antibacterial properties.