bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do digital natives use mobile payment differently than digital immigrants? A comparative study between generation X and Z
Authors: Agárdi Irma , Alt Mónika Anetta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsumers use increasingly Near Field Communication mobile payment to buy products and services. However, the adoption of NFC mobile payment varies by individual attributes of consumers. This paper aims to study the generational differences in mobile payment acceptance based on the theory of generational cohorts and technology acceptance. Therefore, a research concept and hypotheses were developed. The research methodology included an online survey among Generation Z (digital natives) and X (digital immigrants). A sample of 580 respondents had been analyzed with multi-group Structural Equation Modeling. The comparative analysis revealed that digital immigrants were more influenced by the perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and financial risk of NFC mobile payment. In turn, digital natives intended to use NFC mobile payment to a greater extent if they perceived mobile payment as compatible with their lifestyle. Our research contributes to the understanding of generational patterns of mobile payment acceptance.
Husserl’s Theory of Scientific Explanation: A Bolzanian Inspired Unificationist Account
Authors: Williams Heath , Byrne Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHusserl’s early picture of explanation in the sciences has never been completely provided. This lack represents an oversight, which we here redress. In contrast to currently accepted interpretations, we demonstrate that Husserl does not adhere to the much maligned deductive-nomological (DN) model of scientific explanation. Instead, via a close reading of early Husserlian texts, we reveal that he presents a unificationist account of scientific explanation. By doing so, we disclose that Husserl’s philosophy of scientific explanation is no mere anachronism. It is, instead, tenable and relevant. We discuss how Husserl and other contemporary thinkers draw theoretical inspiration from the same source—namely, Bernard Bolzano. Husserl’s theory of scientific explanation shares a common language and discusses the same themes as, for example, Phillip Kitcher and Kit Fine. To advance our novel reading, we discuss Husserl’s investigations of grounding, inter-lawful explanation, intra-mathematical explanation, and scientific unification.
A review of inverse methods in seismic site characterization
Authors: Gosselin Jeremy M. , Dosso Stan E. , Askan Aysegul , Wathelet Marc , Savvaidis Alexandros , Cassidy John F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeismic site characterization attempts to quantify seismic wave behavior at a specific location based on near-surface geophysical properties, for the purpose of mitigating damage caused by earthquakes. In recent years, techniques for estimating near-surface properties for site characterization using geophysical observations recorded at the surface have become an increasingly popular alternative to invasive methods. These observations include surface-wave phenomenology such as dispersion (velocity-frequency relationship) as well as, more recently, full seismic waveforms. Models of near-surface geophysical properties are estimated from these data via inversion, such that they reproduce the observed seismic observations. A wide range of inverse problems have been considered in site characterization, applying a variety of mathematical techniques for estimating the inverse solution. These problems vary with respect to seismic data type, algorithmic complexity, computational expense, physical dimension, and the ability to quantitatively estimate the uncertainty in the inverse solution. This paper presents a review of the common inversion strategies applied in seismic site characterization studies, with a focus on associated advantages/disadvantages as well as recent advancements.
The effect of silicon on the kinetics of rice root iron plaque formation
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Thomas John , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Aquatic plants, including rice, develop iron (Fe) plaques on their roots due to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and these plaques accumulate both beneficial and toxic elements. Silicon is an important nutrient for rice and both accumulates in Fe plaque and can affect ROL. How these plaques form over time and how Si affects this process remains unclear.

Methods
Rice was grown in a pot study with 4 levels of added Si. Root Fe plaque formation was monitored weekly using vinyl films placed between the pot and soil. Plants were grown to maturity and then ratooned to also examine the formation of Fe plaque during the ratoon crop.

Results
Iron plaque formation increased exponentially during the vegetative phase, peaked at the booting phase, then decreased exponentially – a pattern that repeated in the ratoon crop. While the highest Si treatment led to an earlier onset of Fe plaque formation, increasing Si decreased the amount of Fe plaque at harvest, resulting in a minimal net effect.

Conclusions
The kinetics of Fe plaque formation are dependent on rice growth stage, which may affect whether the Fe plaque is a source or sink of elements such as phosphorous and arsenic.
Molecular and morphological diversity in the /Rhombisporum clade of the genus Entoloma with a note on E. cocles
Authors: Noordeloos Machiel Evert , Jansen Gerrit Maarten , Jordal John Bjarne , Morozova Olga , Weholt Øyvind , Brandrud Tor Erik , Vila Jordi , Karich Alexander , Reschke Kai , Lorås Jostein , Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard , Dima Bálint 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA combined morphological and molecular genetic study of the European species within the /Rhombisporum clade of the genusEntolomareveals a high species diversity. This group comprises typical grassland species with pronounced and well-differentiated cheilocystidia, and a wide range of spore shapes varying from rhomboid to five-angled. To fix the concept of the classical speciesE. rhombisporum, a neotype is designated. Nine species are described as new to science based on the result of nrDNA ITS phylogeny with additional gap coding, and morphological characterization:E. caulocystidiatum,E. lunare,E. pararhombisporum,E. pentagonale,E. perrhombisporum,E. rhombiibericum,E. rhombisporoides,E. sororpratulense, andE. subcuboideum. The ITS sequences of the holotypes of previously described species belonging to the /Rhombisporum clade, viz.,E. laurisilvaeandE. pratulensehave also been generated and are published here for the first time. Since many of the above-mentioned species have been misidentified asE. cocles, it seemed opportune to also study this species and to designate a neotype to fix its current concept. A key including European species is presented. As most of the species are potentially important indicators for threatened grassland communities, the 130 ITS barcodes newly generated for this study may be useful as a reference in conservation and metabarcoding projects.
Der (Un)Sinn von Purpose: Theoriebasierte Ansätze zur Gestaltung von sinnhaftem Handeln in Unternehmen
Authors: Krügl Stefanie 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation.“ beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach dem (Un‑)Sinn von Purpose. Drei Dinge fehlen den aktuellen Ansätzen zur Gestaltung kollektiver Sinnhaftigkeit und Ausrichtung von Arbeit auf den Unternehmenszweck – gemeinhin bekannt als „Purpose“: Orientierung (was mit Purpose gemeint ist), Klarheit (wie Purpose zu gestalten ist) und Evidenz (warum Purpose gestaltet werden sollte) – kurz: das What, How und Why von Purpose. Der vorliegende Beitrag schließt anhand der Betrachtung des aktuellen Literaturstands diese drei Lücken. Purpose wird theoriebasiert definiert (What). Es werden drei Ebenen skizziert, auf denen Purpose adressiert werden sollte: Individuum, Team und Organisation. Dazu werden wissenschaftlich untersuchte Stellschrauben erläutert und Hinweise gegeben, wie Unternehmen Arbeit sinnhaft gestalten sollten (How). Da sich die bisherige Diskussion zum „Sinn des Purpose“ kaum äußert, werden die Gründe beleuchtet, die dafürsprechen, sich als Unternehmen und Führungskraft mit diesem – in sinnvoller Weise – zu beschäftigen (Why).
„Homeoffice in Corona-Zeiten – Sind Ausmaß und/oder Flexibilität wichtig für Arbeitszufriedenheit, soziale Unterstützung, Commitment und Arbeitsunterbrechungen?“
Authors: Becker Cathrin , Thörel Eberhard , Pauls Nina , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Diskussion über Vor- und Nachteile von Homeoffice hat durch die Corona-Pandemie neue Impulse bekommen: Auch Behörden haben ihren Mitarbeitenden die Möglichkeit eingeräumt, ins Homeoffice zu wechseln. Viele Studien zum Thema Homeoffice wurden mit Personen durchgeführt, die schon seit Jahren aus dem Homeoffice arbeiten. Es ist jedoch unklar, welche Konsequenzen ein plötzlicher Wechsel ins Homeoffice haben könnte. In diesem Beitrag wurde in einer Landesbehörde untersucht, inwieweit das Ausmaß an Homeoffice und die Möglichkeit seiner flexiblen Nutzung mit arbeitsbezogenen Variablen wie Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit, soziale Unterstützung, affektives Commitment und Arbeitsunterbrechungen zusammenhängen. An der Onlinebefragung nahmen 477 Beschäftigte teil. Unsere Analysen zeigen, dass mehr Homeoffice mit weniger Arbeitsunterbrechungen einhergeht. Wir fanden keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Ausmaß an Homeoffice und Arbeitszufriedenheit, affektivem Commitment oder sozialer Unterstützung. Es gab jedoch positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der Flexibilität des Arbeitsortes mit allen Ergebnisgrößen mit Ausnahme von Arbeitsunterbrechungen. Die Befunde liefern Evidenz für die Bedeutsamkeit der flexiblen Nutzung von Homeoffice und damit der wahrgenommenen Möglichkeit, selbst darüber zu entscheiden, ob im Homeoffice gearbeitet wird. Dies impliziert, dass Organisationen – Behörden inbegriffen – eine mitarbeiterorientierte Flexibilität brauchen, d. h. den Beschäftigten einen möglichst großen Handlungsspielraum bei der individuellen Ausgestaltung flexibler Arbeitsmöglichkeiten geben sollten.
Boosting the Anticancer Activity of Aspergillus flavus “endophyte of Jojoba” Taxol via Conjugation with Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by γ-Irradiation
Authors: Abdel-Fatah Sobhy S. , El-Sherbiny Gamal M. , khalaf Mahmoud , Baz Ashraf F. El , El-Sayed Ashraf S. A. , El-Batal Ahmed I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTaxol production by fungi is one of the promising alternative approaches, regarding to the natural and semisynthetic sources; however, the lower yield and rapid loss of Taxol productivity by fungi are the major challenges that halt their further industrial implementation. Thus, searching for fungal isolates with affordable Taxol-production stability, in addition to enhance its anticancer activity via conjugation with gold nanoparticles, is the main objectives of this study. Twenty-four endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from the barks, twigs, and leaves of jojoba plant, among these fungi,Aspergillus flavusMW485934.1 was the most potent Taxol producer (88.6 µg/l). The chemical identity of the extracted Taxol ofA. flavuswas verified by the TLC, HPLC, HNMR, and FTIR analyses. The yield of Taxol produced byA. flavuswas optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Plackett–Burman (PBD) and faced central composite designs (FCCD). The yield of Taxol byA. flavuswas increased by about 3.2 folds comparing to the control cultures (from 96.5 into 302.7 µg/l). The highest Taxol yield by was obtained growingA. flavuson a modified malt extract medium (g/l) (malt extract 20.0, peptone 2.0, sucrose 20.0, soytone 2.0, cysteine 0.5, glutamine 0.5, and beef extract 1.0 adjusted to pH 6.0) and incubated at 30 °C for 16 days. From the FCCD design, the significant variables affecting Taxol production byA. flavuswere cysteine, pH, and incubation time. UponA. flavusγ-irradiation at 1.0 kGy, the Taxol yield was increased by about 1.25 fold (375.9 µg/l). To boost its anticancer activity, the purified Taxol was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated by γ-rays irradiation (0.5 kGy), and the physicochemical properties of Taxol-AuNPs composite were evaluated by UV–Vis, DLS, XRD, and TEM analyses. The IC50values of the native-Taxol and Taxol-AuNPs conjugates towards HEPG-2 cells were 4.06 and 2.1 µg/ml, while the IC50values against MCF-7 were 6.07 and 3.3 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, the anticancer activity of Taxol-AuNPs composite was increased by 2 folds comparing to the native Taxol towards HEPG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also, the antimicrobial activity of Taxol against the multidrug resistant bacteria was dramatically increased upon conjugation with AuNPs comparing to authentic AuNPs and Taxol, ensuring the higher solubility, targetability, and efficiency of Taxol upon AuNPs conjugation.
Stochastic solutions of generalized time-fractional evolution equations
Authors: Bender Christian , Butko Yana A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider a general class of integro-differential evolution equations which includes the governing equation of the generalized grey Brownian motion and the time- and space-fractional heat equation. We present a general relation between the parameters of the equation and the distribution of the underlying stochastic processes, as well as discuss different classes of processes providing stochastic solutions of these equations. For a subclass of evolution equations, containing Marichev-Saigo-Maeda time-fractional operators, we determine the parameters of the corresponding processes explicitly. Moreover, we explain how self-similar stochastic solutions with stationary increments can be obtained via linear fractional Lévy motion for suitable pseudo-differential operators in space.
Numerical micro-texture optimization for lubricated contacts—A critical discussion
Authors: Marian Max , Almqvist Andreas , Rosenkranz Andreas , Fillon Michel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite numerous experimental and theoretical studies reported in the literature, surface micro-texturing to control friction and wear in lubricated tribo-contacts is still in the trial-and-error phase. The tribological behaviour and advantageous micro-texture geometries and arrangements largely depend on the contact type and the operating conditions. Industrial scale implementation is hampered by the complexity of numerical approaches. This substantiates the urgent need to numerically design and optimize micro-textures for specific conditions. Since these aspects have not been covered by other review articles yet, we aim at summarizing the existing state-of-the art regarding optimization strategies for micro-textures applied in hydrodynamically and elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts. Our analysis demonstrates the great potential of optimization strategies to further tailor micro-textures with the overall aim to reduce friction and wear, thus contributing toward an improved energy efficiency and sustainability.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Burnout, Psychological Well-being, and Work Satisfaction in Psychiatry Trainees in Ireland
Authors: Mcloughlin Caoimhe , Abdalla Ahad , O’Callaghan Aoife K. , Casey Sarah , Barrett Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Prior to the pandemic, trainee doctors were at higher risk of psychological ill health. There is limited evidence measuring the impact of COVID-19 on psychiatry trainees. This study evaluates levels of burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being in psychiatry junior doctors in Ireland and identifies potential contributing factors.

Methods
The authors carried out a cross-sectional online survey measuring demographic and work-related variables. Questions including exposure to COVID-19 and stress-related factors were included. We evaluated burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being using the Abbreviated-Maslach Burnout Inventory, Basic Needs Satisfaction at Work Scale, and WHO-5 Well-being Index.

Results
One hundred and five doctors responded (21%). The biggest stressor reported was reduced face-to-face contact with family and friends (73%). Forty one percent reported weekly supervision changes. Sixty five percent met the criteria for burnout, compared with 36.2% in 2018. Significant factors associated with burnout included staff shortages, longer hours, and less experience. Changes in supervision and working in non-European Working Time Directive compliant rotas were associated with lower scores across all subdomains of the BNSW Scale. The WHO-5 Well-being Index identified 48% scored low in personal well-being, indicating these trainees met the threshold for depression. Changes in regular supervision (p=0.010) were a significant predictor of low personal well-being.

Conclusions
High prevalence of burnout and low levels of well-being in this vulnerable cohort, particularly those who are inexperienced, have changes in supervision, and working longer hours is concerning. This study highlights the importance of regular supervision and support for this group.
Computer-assisted evaluation enhances the quantification of interstitial fibrosis in renal implantation biopsies, measures differences between frozen and paraffin sections, and predicts delayed graft function
Authors: Pavlovic Mladen , Oszwald Andre , Kikić Željko , Nackenhorst Maja Carina , Kain Renate , Kozakowski Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
(Pre-)Implantation biopsies provide important data on the quality of donor kidneys. Interstitial fibrosis, as a known predictor for kidney disease progression, is an essential feature of this evaluation. However, the assessment of frozen sections of implantation biopsies is challenging and can result in the disposal of candidate organs. We sought to apply digital image analysis (DIA) to quantify the differences between frozen and paraffin sections when evaluating interstitial fibrosis, identify factors that influence these variations and test the predictive value of the computerised measures.

Methods
We quantified the differences between frozen and paraffin sections in the same biopsy samples by measuring Sirius red-stained interstitial areas (SRIA) in DIA. We compared them to the original reports, and retrospectively correlated our findings to clinical data, graft function and outcome in 73 patients.

Results
Frozen sections display a broader interstitial area than paraffin sections, in some cases up to one-third more (mean difference + 7.8%, range − 7 to 29%). No donor-related factors (age or gender, cold ischemia time, or non-heart-beating donor) influenced significantly this difference. Compared to the original assessment of frozen vs paraffin sections in optical microscopy, the DIA of interstitial fibrosis shows a higher consistency (ICC 0.69). Our approach further allows to distinguish SRIA in paraffin sections as an independent predictor for delayed graft function (OR = 1.1; p = 0.028).

Conclusions
DIA is superior to and more consistent than routine optic microscopy for interstitial fibrosis evaluation. This method could improve implantation biopsy diagnostics and help to reduce disposal of organs.

Graphical abstract
Artificial intelligence applications for pre-implantation kidney biopsy pathology practice: a systematic review
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Pantanowitz Liron , Marletta Stefano , Hermsen Meyke , van der Laak Jeroen , Munari Enrico , Furian Lucrezia , Vistoli Fabio , Zaza Gianluigi , Cardillo Massimo , Gesualdo Loreto , Gambaro Giovanni , Eccher Albino 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Transplant nephropathology is a highly specialized field of pathology comprising both the evaluation of organ donor biopsy for organ allocation and post-transplant graft biopsy for assessment of rejection or graft damage. The introduction of digital pathology with whole-slide imaging (WSI) in clinical research, trials and practice has catalyzed the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for histopathology, with development of novel machine-learning models for tissue interrogation and discovery. We aimed to review the literature for studies specifically applying AI algorithms to WSI-digitized pre-implantation kidney biopsy.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed-MEDLINE and Embase until 25th September, 2021 with a combination of the key terms “kidney”, “biopsy”, “transplantation” and “artificial intelligence” and their aliases. Studies dealing with the application of AI algorithms coupled with WSI in pre-implantation kidney biopsies were included. The main theme addressed was detection and quantification of tissue components. Extracted data were: author, year and country of the study, type of biopsy features investigated, number of cases, type of algorithm deployed, main results of the study in terms of diagnostic outcome, and the main limitations of the study.

Results
Of 5761 retrieved articles, 7 met our inclusion criteria. All studies focused largely on AI-based detection and classification of glomerular structures and to a lesser extent on tubular and vascular structures. Performance of AI algorithms was excellent and promising.

Conclusion
All studies highlighted the importance of expert pathologist annotation to reliably train models and the need to acknowledge clinical nuances of the pre-implantation setting. Close cooperation between computer scientists and practicing as well as expert renal pathologists is needed, helping to refine the performance of AI-based models for routine pre-implantation kidney biopsy clinical practice.
“Involve Me and I Learn”: Active Learning in a Hybrid Medical Biochemistry First Year Course on an American-Style MD Program in the UAE
Authors: O’Sullivan Siobhán , Campos Luciana Aparecida , Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerceived as a subject with abstract jargon, requiring extensive memorization of complex metabolic pathways, chemical structures, and names, students lose sight of the significance of biochemistry on their MD journey (Afshar M, Han Z. Teaching and learning medical biochemistry: Perspectives from a student and an educator. Med Sci Educ. 2014;24:339–41.). A disconnect between what is taught in the classroom and its application to clinical settings arises through over emphasis on the need to pass board exams, documented to be a poor measure of core competencies. Employing active learning strategies with meaningful activities with clinical applications, centered around the curriculum, cognitively engages students and is a deviation from the didactic way in which biochemistry is traditionally taught.
Surface Passivation and Energetic Modification Suppress Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Wei , Qiao Wencheng , Xiong Shaobing , Yang Jianming , Wang Xuelu , Ding Liming , Yao Yefeng , Bao Qinye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface passivation via post-treatment is an important strategy for improving power conversion efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells. However, so far the interaction mechanisms between passivating additive and perovskite are not well understood. Here, we report the atomic-scale interaction of surface passivating additive 2,2-difluoroethylammonium bromine (2FEABr) on the MAPbI3. It is found that the bulky 2FEA+ cations tend to distribute at film surface, while the Br− anions diffuse from surface into bulk. A combination of 19F, 207Pb, and 2H solid-state NMR further reveal the Br− anions’ partial substitution for the I− sites, the restricted motion of partial MA+ cations, and the firmed perovskite lattices, which would improve charge transport and stability of the perovskite films. Optical spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that the 2FEABr induced surface passivation and energetic modification suppress the nonradiative recombination loss. These findings enable the efficiency of the p-i-n structured PSC significantly increasing from 19.44 to 21.06%, accompanied by excellent stability. Our work further establishes more knowledge link between passivating additive and PSC performance.