bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of intrinsic safety on instrumentation loop
Authors: Kuan Teik Hua , Chew Kuew Wai , Chua Kein Huat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntrinsic safety is one of the explosion protection techniques implemented in an industry where a flammable substance is present. It is a technique that reduces the electrical energy level at the hazardous area below the ignition curve so that it is not sufficient to initiate an explosion. In addition to limiting the energy to the field, the energy stored in the circuit and thermal ignition due to hot surfaces in hazardous areas must also be considered. Intrinsically safe is the preferred explosion protection method for instrumentation and control signals as it allows live maintenance, the use of an uncertified simple apparatus, and is applicable to all Zones. All intrinsically safe circuits must carry out a safety assessment and verify their compliance with intrinsic safety before implementation to avoid explosion. The verification process could be complex for mixed circuits and non‐simple intrinsically safe systems; moreover, there has been much confusion for many years until the 4th Edition of the installation standard, IEC 60079‐14, provided a clearer picture. This paper carries out an intrinsic safety verification assessment on a mixed circuit involving surge protection devices according to IEC and NEC standards. It also highlights the common mistake made by system designers when verifying the safety parameters.
Honey bee death from aerosols inadvertently produced from propelled aerial dispersal of a solid ant bait
Authors: Hoffmann Benjamin D. , Quinn Greg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHydrogels are a new bait form, and multiple studies have found minimal potential or actual nontarget impacts associated with their use. However, in 2020, aerial applications of hydrogels containing fipronil unequivocally resulted in honey bee deaths. Here we detail four studies that then were conducted to determine how the bees were exposed to the active constituent and how to modify the aerial treatment protocols to eliminate the risk to bees.ResultsThe first trial confirmed the existence of fipronil in aerosol form. The second trial quantified that in specific wind conditions the aerosols were falling to the ground at a maximum distance determined by an approximate 30° angle from the ground to the dispersal point, and that free‐falling hydrogels either do not produce aerosols or, if so, at volumes too negligible to be collected or quantified. The third trial confirmed that even bee hives upwind and several hundreds of metres away from the area being baited can be contaminated by the aerosols. The fourth trial found no bee hive mortality as a result of either free‐falling bait or moving bee hives 500 m beyond the treatment area.ConclusionThe aerosol issue is likely to occur with every motorized mechanism dispersing hydrogels. It is possible that the same issue happens with solid dry products if they produce a fine dust when propelled during dispersal. Further research into this issue is warranted. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Towards improved precipitation estimation with the GOES‐16 advanced baseline imager: Algorithm and evaluation
Authors: Upadhyaya Shruti A. , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Kuligowski Robert J. , Searls Maresa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study introduces a new quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) algorithm from Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) observations from GOES‐16 across the contiguous USA (CONUS). It is developed and comprehensively evaluated using the Ground Validation Multi‐Radar/Multi‐Sensor (GV‐MRMS) system as a benchmark, and features Random Forest (RF) machine learning‐based QPE. The key innovations of the algorithm include a comprehensive set of satellite predictors derived from five infrared ABI channels, complemented by low‐level environmental conditions from the Rapid Refresh (RAP) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, and outputs of probability of precipitation type for seamless integration of varying precipitation rates across types. A systematic analysis of the predictors is performed. The analysis reveals that satellite predictors contribute more to high‐intensity precipitation estimates, whereas environmental predictors primarily condition low‐intensity precipitation. Combining both categories of predictors improves scores (correlation coefficient, CC = 0.41) overall, with the greatest improvement in the warm stratiform precipitation type. Introducing precipitation type information through probabilities further improves correlation (0.46). An intercomparison of the RF model with the Self‐Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) shows that RF has better detection and quantification scores than SCaMPR (Heidke Skill Score, HSS = 0.91 vs. 0.19; CC = 0.44 vs. 0.26). Both retrievals display similar performance patterns across different regions of the CONUS. For example, skill degrades in complex terrain. Precipitation processes in complex terrain and their variability may not be well captured, especially with the degraded ABI resolution in the western CONUS. It is recommended to complement the 11.2 μm legacy channel with at least the 6.2 μm channel for global precipitation retrievals using GEO sensors.
Simultaneously Improving Flame Retardant Performance, Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Copolymers of Polyethylene‐octene by Addition of a Ternary Composite Flame Retardant System
Authors: Zhang Yafeng , Yu Chunming , Feng Xi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of high efficiency and low‐cost refractories has always been a subject that attract people‘s attention. Although polyethylene‐octene copolymers (POE) has excellent mechanical properties, it is easy to be ignited, which seriously hinders its multi‐field applications. In this paper, a novel ternary composite flame retardant system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/expanded graphite (EG)/sepiolite (SEP), was proposed and applied to POE to prepare high flame‐retardant POE composites. The experimental results showed that the addition of SEP could play a good reinforcing role, so as to improve the mechanical properties of POE/APP composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that when the ratio of EG and SEP was 1 : 1, the initial thermal decomposition temperature decreased significantly, which was conducive to the early degradation and carbonization of POE/APP composites. The thermal conductivity test showed that the addition of SEP can reduce the thermal conductivity of POE/APP composites. In addition, the flame retardant test results revealed that when the ratio of EG and SEP was 1 : 1, the oxygen index (LOI) increased to 25.3 %, the heat release rate (HRR) decreased to 140 kW/m2, the total heat release (THR) decreased to 70 MJ/m2, and the carbon layer produced by combustion was dense and uniform, which contribute to the great heat insulation. In conclusion, the addition of an appropriate amount of ternary compound flame retardant (EG/SEP/APP) could have an excellent synergistic flame retardant effect on POE/APP composites, and the processing method was simple and efficient, which would benefit to broad application of the prepared POE composites.
In‐situ Synthesis of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Ethanol Sol and High Resolution Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Yuan Shuanglong , Liu Chuanqi , Chen Long , Wen Liangjie , Liu Yanan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals have potential applications in fingerprint identification due to their excellent optical properties. Unfortunately, the current synthesis methods need harsh conditions as well as large quantities of expensive and toxic organic solvents. Attention has been considerably attracted for the preparation of all inorganic perovskite nanocrystals with ethanol and water as solvents. However, due to the strong polarity of ethanol, the ligands have been dissolved and thus the perovskite nanocrystals have been destroyed. Here, we employed a remarkably simple strategy, using the adsorption of Br− by N+ and the formation of the spatial network structure of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and the polish of perovskite surface defects by trace water, successfully prepared CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in ethanol. The effects of PVP molecular weight and its concentration and the amount of water on the luminescence properties have been studied by XRD, FTIR, ultraviolet‐visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The prepared CsPbBr3 nanocrystals sol maintained 70 % of the initial photoluminescence intensity after 110 days of storage. By adding alcohol‐soluble thermoplastic acrylic resin, the fingerprint identification films have been prepared simply and quickly, and the three‐level structure of fingerprint can be clearly emerged. This strategy offered a great application prospect in the field of fast and high‐resolution fingerprint identification.
Unlocking corporate social responsibility in smaller firms: Compliance, conviction, burden, or opportunity?
Authors: Pillai Ratna Devi , Wang Pengji , Kuah Adrian T. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a recognition that corporate social responsibility (CSR) by smaller firms could have greater social and environmental impacts if these engagements are meaningful. Small firms are players in the global eco‐system as they supply to larger global firms as subcontractors or suppliers. However, do they practice CSR with a conviction or as a compliance measure? Using stakeholder theory, in‐depth interviews were carried out with 31 firms in Singapore. We found that these firms in highly normative sectors practice CSR due to compliance in the interests of stakeholders. But in less‐normative sectors, where regulations and norms are minimal, a majority of firms practice CSR out of conviction. All firms acknowledged that their businesses have a responsibility toward society and our results further revealed the importance of careful stakeholder involvement in these firms.
Effects of paste resins on the foaming properties of PVC plastisols
Authors: Ji Yubi , Yang Zhao , Fu Tenghong , Wu Tao , Jiang Jie , Tan Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article studies the foaming properties of PVC plastisols prepared from six different types of PVC paste resins with different degrees of polymerization that were produced through two methods, a seed emulsion method and a micro‐suspension method. The underlying mechanisms that result in differences in the foaming properties are discussed as well. The results indicate that formulation S5 has the best foaming quality using past resins produced with the seed emulsion method, and formulation S6 made the best plastisol samples from paste resins produced through the micro‐suspension method. Seed emulsion‐produced paste resins with low degrees of polymerization are more suitable for preparing high‐quality foam materials. The parameters used to judge the foam quality are the initial decomposition temperature Tf (5%), Tf − Tηmax and Tf (5%) − Tηmax. The greater the value of these three parameters, the better the foaming effect. The degree of polymerization of the paste resin and the particle morphology directly affect the rheological parameters, namely Tηmax, of PVC plastisol, and subsequently affect the magnitude of Tf − Tηmax and Tf (5%) − Tηmax, which in turn affect the quality of the foam.
Regenerative mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: A potential alternative to cell‐based therapy in viral infection and disease damage control
Authors: Ipinmoroti Ayodeji O. , Pandit Rachana , Matthews Qiana L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) released by regenerative cells such as mesenchymal stem cells are effective facilitators of healing, therapy, and repair. Conversely, EVs released from infected and/or diseased cells could be useful as markers in the detection and diagnosis of disease conditions such as cancer at their earliest most detectable, and treatable stage. A very important type of EVs, termed exosomes offer a hypothetical new paradigm in disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment. A broad range of exosome‐based biomedical and therapeutic applications are now being evaluated in recent clinical trials. Exosomes are found in virtually all bodily fluids and cells and are capable of crossing tight junctions and toughly regulated boundaries such as the blood–brain barrier. Exosomes' expedition ends when they are taken up by bystander cells which corroborates the fact that they are conduits for cells releasing them. Exosomes released by diseased cells have been associated with cell‐to‐cell progression of diseases like viral disease, neurodegeneration, and certain cancers. Due to high discrimination in most disease conditions, exosome uptake is usually cell‐specific. Lots of research evidence have revealed that infusion of exosomes derived from regenerative cells such as stem cells could impede the development of certain infections and age‐related diseases by activating self‐repair machinery through RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid transfer between cells in patients. They have also been demonstrated in the restoration of the circulating population of exosomes in tissues and the fluid of recipients. The first human clinical trials of exosome therapies are now underway, establishing the future of regenerative exosome in regenerative medicine.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
Immune System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Incompressible Newtonian Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Deville Michel O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter, presents the basic concepts of fluid mechanics such as velocity, acceleration, material derivative and the governing equations obtained from the conservation laws of mass, momentum, angular momentum and energy. The introduction of the constitutive relation for viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid leads to the Navier–Stokes equations. Boundary and initial conditions are discussed. Special attention is devoted to the meaning and differences between incompressible and compressible fluids. The Boussinesq equations are described. The chapter ends with considerations on the control volume method, a very efficient tool to solve fluid problems.
Turbulence
Authors: Deville Michel O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Reynolds decomposition and statistical averaging of velocity and pressure generate the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The closure problem is solved by the introduction of a turbulence constitutive equation. Several linear turbulence models are presented in the RANS framework: $$K-\varepsilon , K-\omega $$

K
-
ε
,
K
-
ω

. The solution of the RANS equations for the turbulent channel flow is elaborated giving the celebrated logarithmic profile. Non-linear models are built on the anisotropy tensor and the incorporation of the concept of integrity bases. The chapter ends with the theory of large eddy simulations with a few up-to-date models: dynamic model, approximate deconvolution method.
Relations among Bc → J/ψ, ηc form factors
Authors: Colangelo P. , De Fazio F. , Loparco F. , Losacco N. , Novoa-Brunet M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We analyze the form factors parametrizing the Bc→ J/ψ, ηc matrix elements of the operators in a generalized low-energy b → c semileptonic Hamiltonian. We consider an expansion in nonrelativistic QCD, classifying the heavy quark spin symmetry breaking terms and expressing the form factors in terms of universal functions in a selected kinematical range. Using as an input the lattice QCD results for the Bc → J/ψ matrix element of the SM operator, we obtain information on other form factors. The extrapolation to the full kinematical range is also presented.
Matter effects of sterile neutrino in light of renormalization-group equations
Authors: Zeng Shuge , Xu Fanrong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The renormalization-group equation (RGE) approach to neutrino matter effects is further developed in this work. We derive a complete set of differential equations for effective mixing elements, masses and Jarlskog-like invariants in presence of a light sterile neutrino. The evolutions of mixing elements as well as Jarlskog-like invariants are obtained by numerically solving these differential equations. We calculate terrestrial matter effects in long-baseline (LBL) experiments, taking NOvA, T2K and DUNE as examples. In both three-flavor and four-flavor frameworks, electron-neutrino survival probabilities as well as the day-night asymmetry of solar neutrino are also evaluated as a further examination of the RGE approach.
Interventionelle Behandlungsverfahren der pulmonalen Hypertension im Kindesalter
Authors: Albinni Sulaima , Kitzmüller Erwin , Beichl Matthias , Michel-Behnke Ina 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie pulmonale Hypertension (PH) ist eine progressive Gefäßerkrankung und führt über eine Widerstands- und/oder Druckerhöhung im kleinen Kreislauf zu einem fortschreitenden Rechtsherzversagen. Auch wenn mithilfe aktueller medikamentöser Therapien eine deutliche Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und des Überlebens der Betroffenen erreicht werden konnte, bleibt die PH eine zumeist nichtheilbare Erkrankung, die im fortgeschrittenen Stadium eine Lungentransplantation notwendig macht. Interventionelle Verfahren, wie die Anlage eines interatrialen Shunts (z. B. durch atriale Septostomie oder den Atrial Flow Regulator) oder eines Reversed Potts Shunt, verbessern die RV-Funktion und die ventrikuläre Interaktion durch Schaffung einer prä- oder posttrikuspidalen „Eisenmenger-Physiologie“ und stellen eine Überbrückung oder sogar Alternative zur Lungentransplantation dar. Bei Patienten mit segmentaler PH oder chronisch thrombembolischer pulmonaler Hypertension (CTEPH) stellt die Ballonangioplastie eine bereits etablierte Intervention zur Verbesserung der pulmonalen Perfusion und damit rechtsventrikulären (RV-)Funktion dar. Dagegen ist die pulmonalarterielle Denervation ein neuartiges Verfahren, mit dem Ziel, die neurohumorale Dysregulation bei PH positiv zu beeinflussen. Der individuelle Einsatz solcher Interventionen, additiv zu den bereits etablierten medikamentösen Therapien, erweitert die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und kann die Prognose betroffener Patienten noch weiter verbessern.
Bias in the number of steps in the Euclidean algorithm and a conjecture of Ito on Dedekind sums
Authors: Minelli Paolo , Sourmelidis Athanasios , Technau Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the number of steps taken by three variants of the Euclidean algorithm on average over Farey fractions. We show asymptotic formulae for these averages restricted to the interval (0, 1/2), establishing that they behave differently on (0, 1/2) than they do on (1/2, 1). These results are tightly linked with the distribution of lengths of certain continued fraction expansions as well as the distribution of the involved partial quotients. As an application, we prove a conjecture of Ito on the distribution of values of Dedekind sums. The main argument is based on earlier work of Zhabitskaya, Ustinov, Bykovskiĭ and others, ultimately dating back to Lochs and Heilbronn, relating the quantities in question to counting solutions to a certain system of Diophantine inequalities. The above restriction to only half of the Farey fractions introduces additional complications.
On the Six-Vertex Model’s Free Energy
Authors: Duminil-Copin Hugo , Kozlowski Karol Kajetan , Krachun Dmitry , Manolescu Ioan , Tikhonovskaia Tatiana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we provide new proofs of the existence and the condensation of Bethe roots for the Bethe Ansatz equation associated with the six-vertex model with periodic boundary conditions and an arbitrary density of up arrows (per line) in the regime$$\Delta <1$$Δ<1. As an application, we provide a short, fully rigorous computation of the free energy of the six-vertex model on the torus, as well as an asymptotic expansion of the six-vertex partition functions when the density of up arrows approaches 1/2. This latter result is at the base of a number of recent results, in particular the rigorous proof of continuity/discontinuity of the phase transition of the random-cluster model, the localization/delocalization behaviour of the six-vertex height function when$$a=b=1$$a=b=1and$$c\ge 1$$c≥1, and the rotational invariance of the six-vertex model and the Fortuin–Kasteleyn percolation.
Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors
Authors: Ralph Stephen John , Reynolds Maxwell J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeutrophils have recently gained recognition for their potential in the fight against cancer. Neutrophil plasticity between the N1 anti-tumor and N2 pro-tumor subtypes is now apparent, as is the ability to polarize these individual subtypes by interventions such as intratumoral injection of various agents including bacterial products or pro-oxidants. Metabolic responses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide act as potent chemoattractants and activators of N1 neutrophils that facilitates their recruitment and ensuing activation of a toxic respiratory burst in tumors. Greater understanding of the precise mechanism of N1 neutrophil activation, recruitment and regulation is now needed to fully exploit their anti-tumor potential against cancers both locally and at distant sites. This systematic review critically analyzes these new developments in cancer immunotherapy.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas Across Races Demonstrate Disparities with Comparably Good Prognosis
Authors: Lin Young‐Jen , Burkhart Richard , Lu Tzu‐Pin , Wolfgang Christopher , Wright Michael , Zheng Lei , Wu Han‐Yu , Chen Ching‐Hsuan , Lee Shin‐Yi , Wu Chien‐Hui , He Jin , Tien Yu‐Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas are rare with low‐grade malignancy and unclarified clinicopathological features. This study aimed to examine their characteristics and re‐evaluate current treatments.MethodsDatabases from three sources were screened for patients with SPNs. We compared the perioperative variables, clinical data, overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors for recurrence among the three corresponding cohorts.ResultsWe identified 286 patients diagnosed with SPNs between 1988 and 2020. Patients were mostly women (81%; median age: 38 years), and peak incidence was observed in women of 20–29 years of age. SPNs had a peak incidence in Asian men at 50–59 years of age (p = 0.002) and a delayed peak incidence in Asian women at 30–39 years of age (p < 0.001). Treatment strategies differed significantly across the institutions and included variations in the number of harvested lymph nodes and rates of vascular resection. Lymph node positivity was the only predictor of postoperative recurrence (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–2.99; p = 0.007). Higher rates of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.02), perineural invasion (p < 0.001), and R1 margin involvement (p < 0.001), as seen in one institution, did not result in poorer long‐term survival in terms of the overall (p = 0.43), SPN‐specific (p = 0.69), and recurrence‐free survivals (p = 0.067).ConclusionsIn contrast to previous findings that SPNs are prevalent in young women, a racial predilection for middle‐aged Asian men and a delayed female peak incidence were noted. Parenchyma‐preserving pancreatectomy may be an acceptable treatment. Non‐radical surgery may be appropriate in patients with multiple comorbidities.