bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aphid Control on Mississippi Pecans, 1983
Authors: Winters Stephen R. , Neel William W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study of the effects of several foliar and granular insecticides for the control of yellow pecan aphids was conducted on 20-year-old ‘Stuart’ pecan trees located on the Shotwell plantation at Tchula, Miss. A completely random design was used consisting of three trees per treatment. Foliar applications were made 9 Aug. and 24 Aug. with a Hypro piston pump and a 7 hp Briggs and Stratton engine, delivering approximately 12 gal of spray per tree. On 17 Mar. the granular application of Temik was applied 4 to 6 in. deep in the soil, using two Gandy boxes and four chisel plows. A prespray count on 9 Aug. indicated no significant differences in the treatments including the previously applied granular treatment. Evaluation was made by making counts on each tree by randomly choosing five terminals and counting the total number of aphids on five leaves from each terminal. Counts were made at 1 and 2-week postspray intervals. All data was subjected to analysis of variance.
Utilization of hydrogen in gas turbines: a comprehensive review
Authors: Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Fahim Alavi Morteza , Salem Mohamed , Assad Mamdouh El Haj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The concerns regarding the consumption of traditional fuels such as oil and coal have driven the proposals for several cleaner alternatives in recent years. Hydrogen energy is one of the most attractive alternatives for the currently used fossil fuels with several superiorities, such as zero-emission and high energy content. Hydrogen has numerous advantages compared to conventional fuels and, as such, has been employed in gas turbines (GTs) in recent years. The main benefit of using hydrogen in power generation with the GT is the considerably lower emission of greenhouse gases. The performance of the GTs using hydrogen as a fuel is influenced by several factors, including the performance of the components, the operating condition, ambient condition, etc. These factors have been investigated by several scholars and scientists in this field. In this article, studies on hydrogen-fired GTs are reviewed and their results are discussed. Furthermore, some recommendations are proposed for the upcoming works in this field.
Gelfand–Kirillov Dimensions and Associated Varieties of Highest Weight Modules
Authors: Bai Zhanqiang , Xiao Wei , Xie Xun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a uniform formula of Lusztig’s $ \textbf {a}$-functions on classical Weyl groups. Then we obtain an efficient algorithm for the Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions of simple highest weight modules of classical Lie algebras, whose highest weight is not necessarily regular or integral. To deal with type $ D $, we prove an interesting property about domino tableaux associated with Weyl group elements by introducing an invariant, called the hollow tableau. As an application, the associated varieties of all the simple highest weight Harish–Chandra modules are explicitly determined, including the exceptional cases.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to Impaired Cytokine Production of CD56bright Natural Killer Cells From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals Under Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: ToVinh Michael , Hörr Gregor , Dobrikova Kristiyana , Gotter Christina , Rommel Clemens , Hoffmeister Christoph , Raabe Jan , Kaiser Kim M , Finnemann Claudia , Bischoff Jenny , Rieke Gereon J , Wilhelm Christoph , Schmitt Vanessa , Möhl Christoph , Aghabeig Mansoureh , Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Boesecke Christoph , van Bremen Kathrin , Wasmuth Jan Christian , Strassburg Christian P , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Spengler Ulrich , Krämer Benjamin , Nattermann Jacob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is only incompletely restored under antiretroviral therapy. Analyzing the bioenergetics profiles of oxygen consumption, we observed that several parameters were significantly reduced in HIV+ NK cells, indicating a mitochondrial defect. Accordingly, we found HIV+ CD56bright NK cells to display a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass. Both parameters were positively correlated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production of NK cells. Finally, we demonstrated that stimulation of HIV+ NK cells with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant, significantly improved IFN-γ production. We identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism that contributes to impaired NK cell function.
Occurrence and outcome of blood-contaminated percutaneous injuries among anesthesia practitioners: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zbeidy Reine , Livingstone Joshua , Shatz Vadim , Raveh Yehuda , Gad Rofayda , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona , Souki Fouad G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Anesthesia practitioners are at risk for percutaneous injuries by blood-contaminated needles and sharp objects that may result in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis viruses. Reporting these injuries is important for the early prevention and management of blood-borne infections.

Objective
To investigate the occurrence, reporting, characteristics and outcome of contaminated percutaneous injuries (CPIs) in anesthesia residents, fellows and faculty.

Method
A cross-sectional anonymous survey electronically distributed to all 214 anesthesia practitioners at a large academic multihospital-based anesthesia practice in Florida, USA.

Results
The overall response rate was 51% (110/214) (60% (50/83) for residents, 50% (8/16) for fellows and 45% (52/115) for anesthesia faculty). Fifty-nine percent (65/110) (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 5068) of participants reported having one or more CPIs during their years of anesthesia practice (residents 42% (95% CI: 2955), fellows 50% and faculty 77% (95% CI: 6688)). The number of CPIs per anesthesia practitioner who answered the survey was 0.58 for residents, 0.75 for fellows and 1.5 for faculty. Within the last 5 years, 35% (95% CI: 2644) of participants had one or more CPIs (39% of residents, 50% of fellows and 29% of faculty). CPIs in the last 5 years in faculty older than 45 years of age were 12% (3/25) compared to 44% (12/27) in faculty younger than 45 years of age.
Analyzing data from practitioners who had one CPI revealed that 70% (95% CI: 5585) reported the incident at the time of injury (residents 85%, fellows 100% and faculty 58%). Hollow-bore needles constituted 73.5% (95% CI: 5988) of injuries. As per participants’ responses, 17% (18/103) of CPIs received postexposure prophylaxis and there were zero seroconversions.

Conclusion
Based on our study results, most anesthesia practitioners will sustain a CPI during their years of practice. Despite some improvements compared to historic figures, the occurrence of CPIs continues to be high and reporting of percutaneous injuries remains suboptimal among anesthesia residents. A fifth of injuries in the perioperative setting is from an infected source and requires postexposure prophylaxis. Although no infections were reported due to CPI exposure in this study, findings underscore the need for more education and interventions to reduce occupational blood exposures in anesthesia practitioners and improve reporting.
Fidaxomicin monotherapy versus standard therapy combined with bezlotoxumab for treating patients with Clostridioides difficile infection at high risk of recurrence: a matched cohort study
Authors: Escudero-Sanchez Rosa , Muriel García Alfonso , García Fernández Sergio , Valencia Alijo Angela , Tasias Pitarch Mariona , Merino De Lucas Esperanza , Gutierrez Rojas Angela , Ramos Martínez Antonio , Salavert Lletí Miguel , Giner Livia , Ruíz Ruigomez María , García Basas Lorena , Fernández Fradejas Jorge , Olmedo Sampedrio María , Cano Yuste Angela , Díaz Pollán Beatriz , Rodríguez Hernández María Jesús , Martín Segarra Oriol , Sáez Bejar Carmen , Armiñanzas Castillo Carlos , Gutiérrez Belén , Rodríguez-Pardo Dolors , De La Torre Cisneros Julián , López Medrano Francisco , Cobo Reinoso Javier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Both fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab (used in combination with an antibiotic against Clostridioides difficile) achieve reductions in recurrence rates of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the two strategies have never been compared.

Methods
Data from two retrospective cohorts of ‘real-life’ use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in combination with a standard anti-C. difficile antibiotic were used to compare the rates of recurrence of both strategies. Since the two cohorts were not identical, we used a propensity score analysis.

Results
Three hundred and two patients were included: 244 in the fidaxomicin cohort and 78 in the bezlotoxumab cohort. A history of renal failure or immunosuppression was more frequent in patients receiving bezlotoxumab (39.7% and 66.7% versus 26.6% and 38.9%; P = 0.03 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively), but the severity and number of previous CDI episodes were similar in both cohorts. We observed that 19.3% of the patients in the fidaxomicin cohort experienced recurrence, compared with 14.1% in the bezlotoxumab cohort (OR 1.45; 95% CI 0.71–2.96; P = 0.29) but the difference remained non-significant after propensity score matching using previously defined variables (OR 1.24; 95% CI 0.50–3.07; P = 0.64). Moreover, the multivariate analysis did not show differences depending on the drug used.

Conclusions
We observed that fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab are prescribed in similar clinical scenarios, although those treated with bezlotoxumab have greater comorbidity. The proportion of recurrences was numerically lower in those treated with bezlotoxumab, although the propensity analysis did not find significant differences between the two drugs.
The Prognostic Value of N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in Major Burn Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Wang Yangping , Shu Ziqin , Zhu Wei , Zhou Ling , Song Huapei , Luo Gaoxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim is to examine the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with major burns and sepsis. We collected the data of major burn patients who were admitted to our department. We compared the age, sex, burn area, burn depth, length of hospitalization, and mortality rate between the sepsis group and non-sepsis group and compared NT-proBNP, procalcitonin (PCT), platelet count, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and quick SOFA (qSOFA) score between the survivors and nonsurvivors in the sepsis group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used in sepsis patients to evaluate the prognostic value of NT-proBNP, PCT, SOFA score, qSOFA score, etc. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare the 90-day survival curves of patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis of sepsis patients. There were 90 major burn patients with sepsis and 114 major burn patients without sepsis. The mortality rate for the major burn sepsis group was significantly higher than that for the non-sepsis group. The NT-proBNP level in sepsis patients in the nonsurvivor group was 2900 pg/ml, which was significantly higher than that in patients in the survivor group. Survival analysis showed that the mean survival time for the NT-proBNP &gt;2000 pg/ml group was 15.08 days. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that NT-proBNP was an independent risk factor for mortality in burn patients with sepsis. NT-proBNP can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with major burns and sepsis.
TheSpodoptera frugiperdaHost Strains: What They Are and Why They Matter for Understanding and Controlling This Global Agricultural Pest
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N , Meagher Robert L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]) is a moth native to the Western Hemisphere where it is a major pest of corn (maize) and multiple other crops. It is now a global threat with its recent discovery and dissemination in the Eastern Hemisphere. Its broad host range is in part due to two subpopulations denoted as ‘host strains’ that differ in host plant specificity. Therefore, identifying the strains present in a location is critical to assessing what crops are at risk of infestation. However, much remains uncertain about how the strains differ and even on the fundamental issue of how they are identified. Complicating factors include the host strains are morphologically indistinguishable, the defining behavior of the strains (host plant specificity) is variable, and the existence of significant differences between geographical populations and laboratory colonies that are independent of strain identity. These factors contribute to substantial disagreements in the literature on presumptive strain differences. This paper presents a summary of strain characteristics and suggests the criteria that should be met before concluding a trait is ‘strain-specific’. The intent is to facilitate a common understanding of what the strains represent and to develop a more consistent experimental framework for studies on strain phenotypes. Evidence is summarized that supports a primary role for Z-linked genes in strain identity, which has potential implications for genetic approaches to define the strains, and we discuss the possibility that the strains arose from allopatric (rather than sympatric) speciation processes.
Palliative radiotherapy for multiple liver metastases: a retrospective analysis of 73 cases
Authors: Ito Kei , Ogoshi Yumi , Shimizuguchi Takuya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Whole-liver radiotherapy for diffuse liver metastases can improve symptoms and abnormal liver-related blood data. However, whole-liver radiotherapy is uncommonly used in clinical practice in Japan. Therefore, we aimed to clarify palliative radiotherapy outcomes in Japanese patients with liver metastases.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed databases in our institution to identify patients treated with radiotherapy (8 Gy in a single fraction) for multiple liver metastases between December 2014 and April 2021. The endpoints included pain response, liver-related blood data and adverse effects. We investigated aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and albumin. The mean values at whole-liver radiotherapy and after 2–4 weeks were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results
A total of 73 cases in 71 patients were included. The median clinical target volume was 2118 ml (range, 133–7867 ml). Fifty-seven patients (78%) had finished aggressive treatment at the time of radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 6 weeks. The pain response rate was 64% (18/28). The mean values of five parameters significantly improved 2–4 weeks after radiotherapy compared to those at baseline: aspartate transaminase (118 vs. 83 U/l P &lt; 0.01); alanine transaminase (84 vs. 61 U/l P &lt; 0.01); lactate dehydrogenase (1351 vs. 1007 U/l P = 0.027); alkaline phosphatase (1624 vs. 1216 U/l P &lt; 0.01) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (663 vs. 450 U/l P = 0.037). No patients experienced radiation-induced liver disease.

Conclusions
Palliative radiotherapy is efficient and safe in Japanese patients with liver metastases. These findings will help encourage whole-liver radiotherapy use in Japan.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Reducing Subsequent Antibiotic Prescribing in Young Children Attending Australian General Practices—A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gianacas Christopher , Muscatello David , Blogg Suzanne , Kirk Martyn , McIntyre Peter , Cheng Allen , Liu Bette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccination against influenza may reduce antibiotic use, but data are limited and imprecise.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study using deidentified data from a large national primary care database to evaluate antibiotic prescribing changes following influenza vaccination in children 1-4 years old attending primary care in the Australian 2018 and 2019 influenza seasons. Cases were prescribed β-lactam or macrolide antibiotics during the influenza season and controls were not. Influenza vaccination was documented in the medical records. Adjusted odds ratios for antibiotic prescribing according to influenza vaccination status were estimated using generalized estimating equations, controlling for age, asthma diagnosis, other vaccinations, practice visit frequency, and attendance week.

Results
In 2018, 11 282 cases and 32 020 controls were eligible, and in 2019, 12 705 cases and 36 858 controls. Antibiotic prescriptions were less likely in vaccinated participants in 2018 (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.62-0.69) and 2019 (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.82) and did not vary by age, the number of GP visits, or prior prescribing of antibiotics. In the subgroup of children vaccinated in the preceding season, influenza vaccination was not associated with a reduction in antibiotic use (2018—aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.90-1.39; 2019—aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.46). From our estimates, potentially 100 000 antibiotic prescriptions could be avoided annually in Australia if all children in this age range were vaccinated.

Conclusions
Influenza vaccination may substantially reduce antibiotic prescribing among young children. This effect should be considered in the overall assessment of the costs and benefits of childhood influenza vaccination programs.
Impaired auxin signaling increases vein and stomatal density but reduces hydraulic efficiency and ultimately net photosynthesis
Authors: Andrade Moab T , Oliveira Leonardo A , Pereira Talitha S , Cardoso Amanda A , Batista-Silva Willian , DaMatta Fábio M , Zsögön Agustín , Martins Samuel C V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Auxins are known to regulate xylem development in plants, but their effects on water transport efficiency are poorly known. Here we used tomato plants with the diageotropica mutation (dgt), which has impaired function of a cyclophilin 1 cis–trans isomerase involved in auxin signaling, and the corresponding wild type (WT) to explore the mutation’s effects on plant hydraulics and leaf gas exchange. The xylem of the dgt mutant showed a reduced hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (Dh) (24–43%) and conduit number (25–58%) in petioles and stems, resulting in lower theoretical hydraulic conductivities (Kt); on the other hand, no changes in root Dh and Kt were observed. The measured stem and leaf hydraulic conductances of the dgt mutant were lower (up to 81%), in agreement with the Kt values; however, despite dgt and WT plants showing similar root Dh and Kt, the measured root hydraulic conductance of the dgt mutant was 75% lower. The dgt mutation increased the vein and stomatal density, which could potentially increase photosynthesis. Nevertheless, even though it had the same photosynthetic capacity as WT plants, the dgt mutant showed a photosynthetic rate c. 25% lower, coupled with a stomatal conductance reduction of 52%. These results clearly demonstrate that increases in minor vein and stomatal density only result in higher leaf gas exchange when accompanied by higher hydraulic efficiency.
Reduced Immune Response and Neutralizing Antibody Activity to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with a History of Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: French Deborah , Ong Chui Mei , Patel Paul , Zuk Marisa , Wu Alan H B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Three SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and boosters are available. We determined whether solid organ transplant patients mounted an immune response to the vaccinations and whether the antibodies had neutralizing activity compared to healthcare worker controls and monoclonal gammopathy patients.

Methods
Remnant plasma was obtained from vaccinated solid organ transplant, allogeneic stem cell transplant, monoclonal gammopathy patients, and healthcare worker controls. Samples positive on a SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (detects spike protein and nucleocapsid) were run on a SARS-CoV-2 in vitro neutralizing antibody assay and a nucleocapsid-specific SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay.

Results
Only 25% of solid organ transplant patients produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Of these, 90% had neutralizing activity against wild type virus, but reduced activity to the variants compared to monoclonal gammopathy patients and healthcare worker controls, particularly the delta variant, for which only 50% had neutralizing antibody activity.

Conclusion
Solid organ transplant patients should consider protecting themselves against future SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Effectiveness and safety of pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis for patients receiving temozolomide chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Climans Seth A , Grunfeld Eva , Mason Warren P , Chan Kelvin K W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Malignant gliomas are treated with temozolomide chemoradiotherapy. Because pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can occur in patients receiving temozolomide, the product monograph recommends PCP prophylaxis during temozolomide chemoradiotherapy. Not all neuro-oncologists follow these recommendations, though.

Methods
We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of glioma patients undergoing temozolomide chemoradiotherapy 2005 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada. A propensity score model was used to predict the use of PCP prophylaxis. We compared the risk of PCP within 90 days of starting radiotherapy with versus without PCP prophylaxis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). We also examined overall survival, hospitalizations, and myelosuppression.

Results
There were 3,225 patients included in the cohort (648 received antibiotics and 2,434 did not). Only 18 patients developed PCP within 90 days of therapy. The IPTW-adjusted absolute risk reduction in PCP with antibiotics was 0.0035 (95% CI, −0.0013 to 0.0083), number needed to treat: 288. Neither overall survival nor hospitalization count differed between the groups. The number needed to harm by causing grade 3/4 neutropenia was 39.

Conclusions
In regions (like Ontario) where PCP is rare, routine PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should not be offered, since the harms may outweigh the benefits.
Viral Load Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated, Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Persons Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
Authors: Acharya Charlotte B , Schrom John , Mitchell Anthea M , Coil David A , Marquez Carina , Rojas Susana , Wang Chung Yu , Liu Jamin , Pilarowski Genay , Solis Leslie , Georgian Elizabeth , Belafsky Sheri , Petersen Maya , DeRisi Joseph , Michelmore Richard , Havlir Diane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We found no significant difference in cycle threshold values between vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta, overall or stratified by symptoms. Given the substantial proportion of asymptomatic vaccine breakthrough cases with high viral levels, interventions, including masking and testing, should be considered in settings with elevated coronavirus disease 2019 transmission.