bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Authors: Leszczynski Dariusz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known also as an idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) or a microwave sickness, is not considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being caused by the exposures to electromagnetic fields (EMF). EHS is not recognized as a disease anywhere in the world. Some studies have roughly estimated that 1–10% of the population might experience some form of EHS. However, because of the lack of diagnostic criteria for EHS, these estimates might be either under- or over-estimates. Because the vast majority of human population is exposed to EMF, the possibility of developing EHS from the EMF is a substantial public health issue that should be dealt with globally, even if the individual risk of developing EHS might be small. The WHO recognizes that the symptoms experienced by the EHS persons might be severe and might significantly hamper everyday life. However, after a broad analysis of international and national documents, there seems to be currently no effort to develop health policies for the dealing with EHS, no matter what causes it. National governments, follow the opinions of the WHO and the EMF safety standards setting organizations, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (IEEE-ICES), are not developing any practical health policy advisories for self-declared EHS sufferers. However, symptoms experienced by the self-declared EHS persons affect their well-being and, according to the Constitution of the WHO, are a health problem. Hence, independently of what causes EHS symptoms, this admitted well-being-impairment should be dealt with globally by developing an uniform health policy. Furthermore, WHO, ICNIRP and IEEE-ICES should be advocating and supporting research that would generate a reliable scientific evidence on what are the possible cause(s) of EHS. Without such research there is not possible to develop diagnostic methods as well as any possible mitigation approaches. There is an urgent need for the WHO to advocate for the national governments to urgently develop a comprehensive and common EHS health policy.
Penalised likelihood methods for phase-type dimension selection
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Bladt Martin , Müller Alaric J. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhase-type distributions are dense in the class of distributions on the positive real line, and their flexibility and closed-form formulas in terms of matrix calculus allow fitting models to data in various application areas. However, the parameters are in general non-identifiable, and hence the dimension of two similar models may be very different. This paper proposes a new method for selecting the dimension of phase-type distributions via penalisation of the likelihood function. The penalties are in terms of the Green matrix, from which it is possible to extract the contributions of each state to the overall mean. Since representations with higher dimensions are penalised, a parsimony effect is obtained. We perform a numerical study with randomly generated phase-type samples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, and also apply the technique to the absolute log-returns of EURO STOXX 50 and Bitcoin prices.
Weakly Correlated Local Cortical State Switches under Anesthesia Lead to Strongly Correlated Global States
Authors: Blackwood Ethan B. , Shortal Brenna P. , Proekt Alex 
Published: October 2022

During recovery from anesthesia, brain activity switches abruptly between a small set of discrete states. Surprisingly, this switching also occurs under constant doses of anesthesia, even in the absence of stimuli. These metastable states and the transitions between them are thought to form a “scaffold” that ultimately guides the brain back to wakefulness. The processes that constrain cortical activity patterns to these states and govern how states are coordinated between different cortical regions are unknown. If state transitions were driven by subcortical modulation, different cortical sites should exhibit near-synchronous state transitions. Conversely, spatiotemporal heterogeneity would suggest that state transitions are coordinated through corticocortical interactions. To differentiate between these hypotheses, we quantified synchrony of brain states in male rats exposed to a fixed isoflurane concentration. States were defined from spectra of local field potentials recorded across layers of visual and motor cortices. A transition synchrony measure shows that most state transitions are highly localized. Furthermore, while most pairs of cortical sites exhibit statistically significant coupling of both states and state transition times, coupling strength is typically weak. States and state transitions in the thalamic input layer (L4) are particularly decoupled from those in supragranular and infragranular layers. This suggests that state transitions are not imposed on the cortex by broadly projecting modulatory systems. Although each pairwise interaction is typically weak, we show that the multitude of such weak interactions is sufficient to confine global activity to a small number of discrete states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain consistently recovers to wakefulness after anesthesia, but this process is poorly understood. Previous work revealed that, during recovery from anesthesia, corticothalamic activity falls into one of several discrete patterns. The neuronal mechanisms constraining the cortex to just a few discrete states remain unknown. Global states could be coordinated by fluctuations in subcortical nuclei that project broadly to the cortex. Alternatively, these states may emerge from interactions within the cortex itself. Here, we provide evidence for the latter possibility by demonstrating that most pairs of cortical sites exhibit weak coupling. We thereby lay groundwork for future investigations of the specific cellular and network mechanisms of corticocortical activity state coupling.
Presenilin and APP Regulate Synaptic Kainate Receptors
Authors: Barthet Gaël , Moreira-de-Sá Ana , Zhang Pei , Deforges Séverine , Castanheira Jorge , Gorlewicz Adam , Mulle Christophe 
Published: October 2022

Kainate receptors (KARs) form a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that regulate the activity of neuronal networks by both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Their implication in pathologies is well documented for epilepsy. The higher prevalence of epileptic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients questions the role of KARs in AD. Here we investigated whether the synaptic expression and function of KARs was impaired in mouse models of AD. We addressed this question by immunostaining and electrophysiology at synapses between mossy fibers and CA3 pyramidal cells, in which KARs are abundant and play a prominent physiological role. We observed a decrease of the immunostaining for GluK2 in the stratum lucidum in CA3, and of the amplitude and decay time of synaptic currents mediated by GluK2-containing KARs in an amyloid mouse model (APP/PS1) of AD. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was observed in CA3 pyramidal cells in male and female mice with a genetic deletion of either presenilin or APP/APLP2 as well as in organotypic cultures treated with γ-secretase inhibitors. Finally, the GluK2 protein interacts with full-length and C-terminal fragments of APP. Overall, our data suggest that APP stabilizes KARs at synapses, possibly through a transsynaptic mechanism, and this interaction is under the control the γ-secretase proteolytic activity of presenilin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic impairment correlates strongly with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this context, many studies have addressed the dysregulation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. Kainate receptors (KARs), which form the third family of iGluRs, represent an underestimated actor in the regulation of neuronal circuits and have not yet been examined in the context of AD. Here we provide evidence that synaptic KARs are markedly impaired in a mouse model of AD. Additional experiments indicate that the γ-secretase activity of presenilin acting on the amyloid precursor protein controls synaptic expression of KAR. This study clearly indicates that KARs should be taken into consideration whenever addressing synaptic dysfunction and related cognitive deficits in the context of AD.
Money Ransom as a Criminal Sanction in the Persecution Case
Authors: Sukartono Sukartono 
Published: October 2022

The criminal acts of persecution committed by the people of Sitimulyo Village, Pucakwangi District, Pati Regency must be sanctioned with monetary fines, with the low economic community the head of the local police station applies monetary sanctions which are considered deterrent against other punishments. . This study aims to, 1) describe the criminal sanction of maltreatment with a money ransom, 2) develop knowledge within the framework of Indonesian criminal law, 3) provide an understanding to the villagers in the village of Sitimulyo about the punishment of ransom money for the criminal act of persecution. This research is an empirical study or it can also be called field research that examines its money ransom sanction in Sitimulyo Village, Pucakwangi District, Pati Regency. This research includes empirical research. Data collection method through observation, interviews, and documentation. The author uses a qualitative deductive thinking method in analyzing this problem, namely the process of approaching from the general truth about an event or event resulting in the truth on the same event continuously with a money ransom penalty is very effective compared to national law and Islamic law.
How Are Business Actors Responsible for Consumer Losses in Default Cases? An Analysis of Indonesian Consumer Protection Law
Authors: Fajriana Mia Maulia 
Published: October 2022

Consumer protection is an integral part of healthy business activities. Default is one of the parties to the agreement which constitutes negligence to meet the conditions set forth in an agreement. This research aims to find out the form of responsibility of businesses for consumer losses due to default and a form of consumer protection for consumer losses due to default. The method of this research is an empirical legal research method or empirical juridical, which is where this empirical law research discusses how the law can operate in society (ius operatum). The results of the study explained that the Consumer Protection Act No. 8 of 1999 already has provided good protection to consumers. This is evident from its wide material coverage and provides maximum protection for consumers. One of them is by regulating the responsibility of businesses to losses experienced by consumers from the sale or transaction. The conclusion of this study shows that the responsibility of businesses for consumer losses due to default under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection can be done by continuing/canceling the agreement and indemnifying losses incurred as a result of the default. It is in accordance with the positive law that applies in Indonesia namely that a consumer if harmed in consuming goods or services, can sue the party that caused the loss. With the qualification of a default lawsuit or an act against the law.
Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and outcome in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Aravelli Lakshmi , Meduri Amritha Aurora , Rallabhandi Swathi , Srilakshmi Kundena 
Published: October 2022

Aim: To know the prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid disorders in Indian pregnant women and to know the effect of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcome.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted at the Government Maternity Hospital, sultan bazaar, Osmania medical college, Hyderabad over a period of 15 months from august 2016 to October 2017. 1000 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic were screened for the thyroid dysfunction. Serum TSH level estimated. fT3, fT4 and anti TPO Ab levels were estimated if the TSH level was abnormal. Patients were managed accordingly and followed till the delivery. Maternal and fetal outcome recorded.
Results: It was a prospective study done on 1000 antenatal women. Prevalence of thyroid disorder in this study was 11.3%. Prevalence of subclinical, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism was 9.4%, 1.4%, 0.4% and 0.1% respectively. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with complications like preeclampsia (13.8%), Anaemia (15.95%), preterm delivery (6.38%), Intrauterine growth restriction (4.25%), low birth weight (12.76%) and Intrauterine fetal death)(2.12%). Overt hypothyroidism was associated with complications like Preeclampsia (14.28%), anaemia (21.4%), Preterm delivery (14.28%), intrauterine growth restriction (14.28%), low birth weight (21.4%) and Intrauterine fetal death (7.14%). Incidence of CD was 18.05% in women with hypothyroidism. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with complications like Preeclampsia, Preterm delivery, Intrauterine growth restriction, Intrauterine fetal death.
Conclusion: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy are significantly associated with both maternal and fetal complications and adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy. Hence, early identification of thyroid disorders and timely initiation of treatment is essential
Pedagogical modeling of the formation of organizational competence in future specialists in physical culture and sports of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Bielikov Illia 
Published: October 2022

A pedagogical model of the formation of organizational competence among future specialists in physical culture and sports of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the disclosure of the content of all its components: goals and tasks, organizational and pedagogical conditions, content, methods, forms of formation, criteria and indicators for diagnosing the results of formation is proposed. Approaches to understanding the concept of "pedagogical modeling" are defined. All components of the model are interdependent and only in symbiosis ensure the formation of organizational competence in future specialists in physical culture and sports of the AF of Ukraine.
The model consists of the following blocks: target-methodological, theoretical, subject-subject, methodical, control-corrective and result: the target-methodological block reflects the target and task of forming organizational competence among future specialists in physical culture and sports of the AF of Ukraine, taking into account their professional knowledge, skills and abilities, professional and ethical standards, values and experience in the chosen profession; the theoretical block – the structure of their organizational competence and contains important requirements for its formation; the subject-subject block ensures the interaction of at least two subjects - a teacher and a cadet, the methodological basis of which is the subject-activity approach to the formation of the organizational competence of the latter; the methodological block – its gradual formation among respondents, which is implemented in a certain sequence; the control and correction unit provides for the implementation of such functions as diagnostic, regulatory and predictive, which in turn provide an opportunity to evaluate and control the acquired theoretical and practical knowledge by the respondents; the result block includes the result of the formation of organizational competence in future officers - specialists in physical culture and sports and the clarification of the levels of its formation using the criteria and indicators we have determined
Separate reasons for limiting the freedom of contract when choosing the type of transaction
Authors: Rasko Yuliia 
Published: October 2022

Separate reasons for limiting the freedom of contract when choosing the type of transaction have been studied. For this purpose, the author analyzed the concept and essence of limiting the freedom of contract at the stage of choosing the type of transaction, identified the grounds for limiting the freedom of contract when choosing the type of transaction, compared a number of transactions that, due to their legal nature, significantly limit the freedom of contract, in particular, we are talking about public contracts, contracts of accession, standard and preliminary contracts, as well as contracts with persons who won public bidding.
A comprehensive methodology was used to conduct the research, which combined: the historical method, which was used in the analysis of the transformation of legislative approaches to the regulation of freedom of contract; systemic for determining and clarifying the legal nature of the restriction of freedom of contract; the formal-legal method was used in the analysis of the texts of current domestic normative acts, court practice regarding the restriction of freedom of contract; with the help of legal hermeneutics, the content of normative legal acts, regulating the procedure for choosing the type of transaction was clarified; the forecasting method made it possible to develop proposals for the optimal normative-legal regulation of the restriction of freedom of contract; methods of critical analysis became the basis for clarifying the positions of scientists. This methodology made it possible to thoroughly study empirical data, the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine, as well as the practice of Ukrainian courts.
The conducted research made it possible to reach and substantiate a number of conclusions. In particular, that contracts can be both public and accession ones, or only have signs of a public contract or an accession contract. At the same time, when concluding such contracts, the freedom of contract is significantly limited, both with regard to the possibility of the entrepreneur refusing to conclude a public contract, and with respect to the parties joining the accession contract or public contract, who are deprived of the opportunity to determine the terms of the contract. At the stage of concluding a public agreement and an accession agreement, only one of the parties has freedom of action regarding the conclusion.
It is substantiated, that the freedom of contract can be limited by a standard contract, which can be both recommended at the level of subordinate legal acts and developed by any participant in civil legal relations. When concluding a preliminary contract, the freedom of the parties is limited temporarily and partially
Study of the fillers influence on the organosilicon polymers resistance to high temperatures
Authors: Pakhomova Victoria , Povalchuk Sviatoslav 
Published: October 2022

Organosilicon varnishes, such as polymethylphenylsiloxane and polyaluminomethylphenylsiloxane, filled with modified clay minerals are the object of research The most vulnerable place of the organosilicon coating is insufficient mechanical properties (hardness, impact strength, etc.) and low adhesive strength of the film to the surface, especially when operating at elevated temperatures. Various oxides, ceramic compounds, natural and synthetic silicate materials are introduced into organosilicon compositions to improve the specified properties. But only individual units can comprehensively improve both the mechanical and heat-resistant properties of organosilicon compounds although the range of such materials is quite wide.
The clay minerals palygorskite, which is classified as an intermediate type between strip and layered silicates, and montmorillonite from the subclass of layered silicates, which have a natural high dispersion, were used as fillers during the study.
The choice of palygorskite and montmorillonite is explained by the sufficient study of their behavior in organic environments by a number of scientists, availability and economic advantages for introduction into production. Existing clay minerals, which are traditionally used to solve the problem of improving the physical and mechanical properties of organosilicon coatings, are not sufficiently active due to the hydrophilic properties of the particles surface. Based on this, a modifier that has proven itself well in this field was used for the study.
A number of compositions of heat-resistant organosilicon varnishes with modified fillers based on the above-mentioned clay minerals were obtained. It was established that the introduction of modified forms of natural aluminosilicates contributes to the increase of temperature resistance in filled coatings, compared to coatings made of pure polymer. At the same time, the best effect is achieved when using montmorillonite. This is related with the fact that the proposed compositions of polymethylphenylsiloxane varnish and montmorillonite have a number of features, in particular, the highest comprehensive result of simultaneous improvement of the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the specified coatings.
It is possible to obtain compositions with stable physico-mechanical properties, as they withstood heat treatment at 400 °C for 100 hours without visible changes in integrity, due to the introduction of the optimal amount of modified montmorillonite into organosilicon varnishes KO-08K and KO-921. Compared to similar heat-resistant polymethylphenylsiloxane varnishes, longer service life at elevated temperatures is ensured.
Study of adsorption of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Obushenko Tetiana , Tolstopalova Nataliia , Sanginova Olga , Kostenko Evgeniy , Bolielyi Oleksandr , Kurylenko Viktor 
Published: October 2022

The object of research in this work is model aqueous solutions containing phosphate ions. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all life forms and determines the trophic state of freshwater ecosystems. The existing problem is that when excessive phosphorus enters water bodies, it causes their eutrophication, and, as a result, the accumulation of biotoxins, deterioration of water quality, death of aquatic organisms, etc. Phosphorus comes to surface water from domestic wastewater containing phosphates as components of synthetic detergents, photoreagents and water softeners. A significant contribution is made by the washout of phosphate fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural land, and runoff from livestock farms and industrial enterprises. Among the methods of wastewater treatment from phosphates, a special place is occupied by sorption. An analysis of modern scientific publications on this topic shows that the search for new effective sorbents obtained using resource-saving technologies is an important scientific and practical problem.
The work was aimed precisely at the search for such sorbents. Iron is known to have a high affinity for phosphate. Therefore, the paper proposes to use the sediments of groundwater iron removal stations as a sorbent. These sludges are produced in significant quantities and create significant environmental problems.
The sorption of iron-containing sorbent, which is a waste of iron removal stations with respect to phosphate ions, has been studied. It has been established that this sorbent is effective for extracting phosphate ions from water with an adsorption capacity of 72.67 mg/g. The sorption process is quite accurately described by the pseudo-second order sorption kinetic equation (determination coefficient R2=0.9737). The rate constant of the sorption process was calculated to be 3.8·10–4 g/mg PO43–·min1/2. The use of the proposed sorbent will allow solving two environmental issues: replenishment of the list of cheap effective sorbents for removing phosphates and utilization of sludge from iron removal stations.