bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical properties and antimicrobial impacts of plasma‐activated simulated seawater onEscherichia coli
Authors: Campbell Vashti M. , Wang Qingyang , Hall Steven G. , Salvi Deepti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome filter‐feeding molluscan shellfish can concentrate harmful bacteria in their intestines during feeding, thus posing a potential food safety risk to human consumers. Plasma‐activated simulated seawater (PASW) generated from non‐thermal plasma may help reduce bacteria in live, molluscan shellfish when used as a disinfectant in depuration systems. This study determined the physicochemical properties of PASW and its antimicrobial efficacy againstEscherichia coliDH5α. These results were then compared to similar data from a plasma‐activated water (PAW) study.ResultsPASW yielded temperatures ranging from 31.0 ± 0.2 to 49.7 1.0°C, pH from 7.21 0.0 to 2.70 0.0, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) from −15.7 1.0 to 246.0 0.9 mV, and electrical conductivity from 35.4 0.3 to 48.1 1.5 μS/cm after activation by plasma for 1–10 min. Temperature, ORP, electrical conductivity, nitrate (NO3−), and nitrite (NO2−) concentrations of PASW increased while pH decreased with increased plasma activation time. After 2‐ and 5‐min incubations,E.colitreated with PASW5 and PASW10 both resulted in the highest reductions (~3 log CFU/ml). Further, while NO3−and NO2−concentrations in PASW were higher than in PAW of the same plasma exposure time, PAW yielded higherE.colireduction values across treatments.ConclusionResults from this study demonstrate the potential of PASW as a disinfectant for live, molluscan shellfish depuration to provide a microbiologically safer seafood product for human consumers.
Quantile regression estimates of animal population trends
Authors: Cade Brian S. , Edmunds David R. , Ouren Douglas S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEcologists often estimate population trends of animals in time series of counts using linear regression to estimate parameters in a linear transformation of multiplicative growth models, where logarithms of rates of change in counts in time intervals are used as response variables. We present quantile regression estimates for the median (0.50) and interquartile (0.25, 0.75) relationships as an alternative to mean regression estimates for common density‐dependent and density‐independent population growth models. We demonstrate that the quantile regression estimates are more robust to outliers and require fewer distributional assumptions than conventional mean regression estimates and can provide information on heterogeneous rates of change ignored by mean regression. We provide quantile regression trend estimates for 2 populations of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Wyoming, USA, and for the Crawford population of Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus) in southwestern Colorado, USA. Our selected Gompertz models of density dependence for both populations of greater sage‐grouse had smaller negative estimates of density‐dependence terms and less variation in corresponding predicted growth rates (λ) for quantile than mean regression models. In contrast, our selected Gompertz models of density dependence with piecewise linear effects of years for the Crawford population of Gunnison sage‐grouse had predicted changes in λ across years from quantile regressions that varied more than those from mean regression because of heterogeneity in estimated λs that were both less and greater than mean estimates. Our results add to literature establishing that quantile regression provides better behaved estimates than mean regression when there are outlying growth rates, including those induced by adjustments for zeros in the time series of counts. The 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles bracketing the median provide robust estimates of population changes (λ) for the central 50% of time series data and provide a 50% prediction interval for a single new prediction without making parametric distributional assumptions or assuming homogeneous λs. Compared to mean estimates, our quantile regression trend estimates for greater sage‐grouse indicated less variation in density‐dependent λs by minimizing sensitivity to outlying values, and for Gunnison sage‐grouse indicated greater variation in density‐dependent λs associated with heterogeneity among quantiles.
Effect of Exercise and Rehabilitation Therapy on Risk of Hospitalization in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kannarkat George T. , Rafferty Miriam R. , Luo Sheng , Liu Hongliang , Mills Kelly A. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundExercise and physical therapy (PT) can improve motor function and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), but their role in hospitalization avoidance is not well‐studied.ObjectivesTo determine the longitudinal and temporal association of exercise and PT use with hospital encounter.MethodsLongitudinal regression and χ2 analyses were performed on Parkinson's Foundation Parkinson's Outcome Project exercise and PT use data from 4674 and 9259 persons with PD, respectively.ResultsGreater exercise duration and intensity were associated with reduced odds of hospital encounter, whereas both PT and occupational therapy use were associated with increased odds. In the 2 years before a hospital encounter, there was an increased frequency of PT use, but not reductions in exercise.ConclusionsConsistent exercise may reduce hospitalization risk whereas PT referral may identify at‐risk individuals without preventing this outcome. Further work to incentivize consistent exercise in PD may reduce healthcare use.
Small and Large Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Visible Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia of Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Ramirez Joel , Berberian Stephanie A. , Breen David P. , Gao Fuqiang , Ozzoude Miracle , Adamo Sabrina , Scott Christopher J.M. , Berezuk Courtney , Yhap Vanessa , Mestre Tiago A. , Marras Connie , Tartaglia Maria C. , Grimes David , Jog Mandar , Kwan Donna , Tan Brian , Binns Malcolm A. , Arnott Stephen R. , Bartha Robert , Symons Sean , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. , Lang Anthony E. ,   ONDRI Investigators
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough previously thought to be asymptomatic, recent studies have suggested that magnetic resonance imaging–visible perivascular spaces (PVS) in the basal ganglia (BG‐PVS) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may be markers of motor disability and cognitive decline. In addition, a pathogenic and risk profile difference between small (≤3‐mm diameter) and large (>3‐mm diameter) PVS has been suggested.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations between quantitative measures of large and small BG‐PVS, global cognition, and motor/nonmotor features in a multicenter cohort of patients with PD.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study examining the association between large and small BG‐PVS with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Parts I–IV and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) in 133 patients with PD enrolled in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative study.ResultsPatients with PD with small BG‐PVS demonstrated an association with MDS‐UPDRS Parts I (P = 0.008) and II (bothP = 0.02), whereas patients with large BG‐PVS demonstrated an association with MDS‐UPDRS Parts III (P < 0.0001) and IV (P < 0.001). BG‐PVS were not correlated with cognition.ConclusionsSmall BG‐PVS are associated with motor and nonmotor aspects of experiences in daily living, while large BG‐PVS are associated with the motor symptoms and motor complications. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Ultra‐high dose rate dosimetry: Challenges and opportunities for FLASH radiation therapy
Authors: Romano Francesco , Bailat Claude , Jorge Patrik Gonçalves , Lerch Michael Lloyd Franz , Darafsheh Arash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy (RT) requires challenges related to dosimetry and beam monitoring of ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) beams to be addressed. Detectors currently in use suffer from saturation effects under UHDR regimes, requiring the introduction of correction factors. There is significant interest from the scientific community to identify the most reliable solutions and suitable experimental approaches for UHDR dosimetry. This interest is manifested through the increasing number of national and international projects recently proposed concerning UHDR dosimetry. Attaining the desired solutions and approaches requires further optimization of already established technologies as well as the investigation of novel radiation detection and dosimetry methods. New knowledge will also emerge to fill the gap in terms of validated protocols, assessing new dosimetric procedures and standardized methods. In this paper, we discuss the main challenges coming from the peculiar beam parameters characterizing UHDR beams for FLASH RT. These challenges vary considerably depending on the accelerator type and technique used to produce the relevant UHDR radiation environment. We also introduce some general considerations on how the different time structure in the production of the radiation beams, as well as the dose and dose‐rate per pulse, can affect the detector response. Finally, we discuss the requirements that must characterize any proposed dosimeters for use in UDHR radiation environments. A detailed status of the current technology is provided, with the aim of discussing the detector features and their performance characteristics and/or limitations in UHDR regimes. We report on further developments for established detectors and novel approaches currently under investigation with a view to predict future directions in terms of dosimetry approaches, practical procedures, and protocols. Due to several on‐going detector and dosimetry developments associated with UHDR radiation environment for FLASH RT it is not possible to provide a simple list of recommendations for the most suitable detectors for FLASH RT dosimetry. However, this article does provide the reader with a detailed description of the most up‐to‐date dosimetric approaches, and describes the behavior of the detectors operated under UHDR irradiation conditions and offers expert discussion on the current challenges which we believe are important and still need to be addressed in the clinical translation of FLASH RT.
Osteoarthritis management care pathways are complex and inefficient: A qualitative study of physiotherapist perspectives from specialised osteoarthritis services
Authors: Gibbs Alison J. , Wallis Jason A. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Kemp Joanne L. , Barton Christian J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveHip and knee osteoarthritis guidelines internationally provide consistent first‐line care recommendations. However, uptake of these recommendations remains suboptimal. This qualitative study explores factors influencing guideline‐based care from the perspectives of physiotherapists working in specialised osteoarthritis services across different models of care.MethodsNineteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with physiotherapists working in specialist osteoarthritis services across three different Australian models of care (OsteoArthritis Hip and Knee Service n = 10; OsteoArthritis Chronic Care Programme n = 4; Orthopaedic Physiotherapy Screening Clinics and Multidisciplinary Services n = 5). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded and analysed inductively using thematic analysis.ResultsThe overarching theme to emerge was that accessing first‐line osteoarthritis care is complex and difficult, regardless of model of care. Subthemes indicated that: (i) services are either unavailable or inadequately funded, (ii) referral pathways are labyrinthine and lengthy, (iii) patients and other health professionals often believe that surgery is the only/best option and (iv) managing patient co‐morbidities is challenging.ConclusionPhysiotherapists working in specialised osteoarthritis services perceive multiple and complex factors influencing adherence to first‐line care. Barriers occur at various levels in all models of care, including patient and health professional beliefs, health service, and system levels. These results suggest improving healthcare for people with osteoarthritis requires urgent system reform.
Redear Sunfish Occurrence, Abundance, Growth, and Size Structure as Related to Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Florida Lakes
Authors: Carlson Andrew K. , Hoyer Mark V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Panfish support popular, socioeconomically valuable fisheries across the United States. Whereas Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus receive considerable research attention, Redear Sunfish L. microlophus are seldom studied despite their wide distribution, large size, socioeconomic contributions, and invasion potential in parts of their introduced range. We evaluated Redear Sunfish occurrence, density, relative abundance, growth, and size structure in 60 Florida lakes with varied surface area (2–12,412 ha), trophic state (oligotrophic to hypereutrophic), and macrophyte abundance (0.3–100% of lake volume inhabited), a range of environmental conditions over which Redear Sunfish populations have scarcely been investigated. Lake surface area, chlorophyll-a concentration, and macrophyte abundance explained 98% of variation in Redear Sunfish occurrence. Redear Sunfish density increased asymptotically with calcium concentration, whereas relative abundance (electrofishing fish/h) peaked at intermediate surface area (50–100 ha) and chlorophyll a (20 μg/L). Mean length at age 3 declined with increasing macrophyte abundance and was parabolically related to Redear Sunfish density, peaking at approximately 450 fish/ha. The proportional size distribution (PSD) and PSD of preferred-length fish were also negatively related to macrophyte abundance, and PSD declined with increasing Redear Sunfish density. Our results suggest that Redear Sunfish fisheries with abundant individuals of quality size (≥180 mm) require large (&gt;100 ha), fertile (&gt;20 μg/L chlorophyll a) lakes with calcium concentrations &gt;5 mg/L, moderate macrophyte abundance (0–25% of lake volume inhabited), and Redear Sunfish densities between 200 and 700 fish/ha. Our modeling approach can help managers predict Redear Sunfish occurrence, density, relative abundance, growth, and size structure based on a suite of abiotic and biotic variables.
Nutrition and preparation of blenderized tube feeding in children and adolescents with neurological impairment: A scoping review
Authors: Brekke Ghita , Raun Anne Mette Terp , Sørensen Sarah B. , Kok Karin , Sørensen Jette L. , Born Alfred P. , Mølgaard Christian , Hoei‐Hansen Christina E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of homemade tube feeding formula has become increasingly popular for children requiring enteral nutrition. This project aimed to investigate nutrition and preparation of blenderized tube feeding in the field of children and adolescents with neurological impairment.MethodsA scoping review was performed using established methodologies. In January 2021, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature to identify relevant articles.Major findingsTwenty‐two papers were included describing the composition of food items, preparation procedures, and food safety. No randomized controlled trials and only a few prospective studies were included. A broad variety of food items from all food groups and many examples of recipes were presented. Most recipes provided 1.0 kcal/ml but tended to contain less energy and nutrients than expected, which could be due to preparation issues, such as sieving and the high viscosity of the blend. Preparation requires a commercial‐grade household blender and diligence to ensure thorough household hygiene for adequate food safety.ConclusionsThis review revealed practical experience in the nutrition and preparation aspects of blenderized tube feeding but minimal empirical evidence. Multiple examples of the composition of food items and preparation procedures for blenderized tube feeding were found, but uncertainty regarding the ideal composition or preparation was also exposed. The future of blenderized tube feeding would benefit from clinically tested recipes that include an evaluation of nutrients, viscosity, and microbial contamination, as well as the effect of the food's appearance and scent on the target group.
3D simulation of complex fractures with a simple mesh
Authors: Wu Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRock masses are 3D in nature. The contained complex fracture networks pose great difficulty to its computer‐aided design (CAD) modeling and bring meshing burdens to classic finite element analysis (FEA). Considering the efficiency of digital images capturing complex geometries, as an extension of the previous 2D work, the 3D implementation of the image‐based simulation is carried out in this work. Continuous‐discontinuous deformations of complex rock masses are simulated in 3D with a simple structured mesh based on the numerical manifold method (NMM). Characteristics of the developed voxel crack model and its differences with discrete and smeared crack models are summarized. Based on this voxel crack model, the generating algorithm of 3D physical patches to construct the continuous‐discontinuous trial function is introduced in detail. In the developed method, the three spatial resolutions, respectively of the image model, integration voxels, and mathematical elements, are independent. These resolutions can be chosen freely by trading off the accuracy need and the computational expenses. Numerical examples investigate the accuracy and convergence of this method. Its 3D simulation capability of complex rock masses is demonstrated by calculating the continuous‐discontinuous deformation of El Capitan rock located in the Yosemite National Park with assumed complex fracture networks.
Effects of graphene nanoplatelets and montmorillonite nanoclay reinforcement on dental polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Bangera Madhu Keshava , Kotian Ravindra , Natarajan Srikant , Somasundaram Jayalakshmi , Mangalath Divya Lakshmanan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study aimed at developing a cytocompatible dental polymer composite with high mechanical and surface characteristics by reinforcing polymethyl methacrylate resin with graphene nanoplatelets and montmorillonite nanoclay. After ball milling the particles into the polymer samples were prepared via conventional compression molding method. Samples were tested for flexural strength, polishability, fatigue failure, wear, hardness, and cytotoxicity. The fracture mode and surface polish were tested using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Most properties displayed enhancement at the tested fraction weight in relation to the control, while some properties were downgraded. However, the tested polymer composite was cytocompatible at all concentrations. Within study limits, graphene nanoplatelets and montmorillonite nanoclay reinforced polymer brought about a positive effect to a particular degree. Establishing optimal concentration of reinforcement and alternate blending methods may boost the resultant characteristics of the resin composite.
Boarding students' perceptions of school climate and well‐being across gender and sexual orientation
Authors: Fredrick Stephanie S. , McClemont Abbey J. , Traudt Stephanie , Kern Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unique residential context found within boarding schools may have important implications for students’ perceptions of school climate and, in turn, may impact their social‐emotional well‐being. However, there is limited research on the relations between school climate and boarding students social‐emotional well‐being. This study intended to address this gap by investigating relations between student perceptions of school climate (i.e., engagement, safety, and environment) and social‐emotional problems (i.e., emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactive/inattentive symptoms, and peer problems) across gender and sexual orientation. A sample of 309 boarding students (60% female, 36% sexual minority) was surveyed. Results indicate significant negative relations between school safety and conduct problems and peer problems, and between school environment and hyperactivity/inattention. Findings also revealed differences across gender and sexual orientation among these relations. Further research is needed with larger and more diverse samples of boarding students.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of MoS2/ZnS/ZnO‐T Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation in Water
Authors: Jia Mingming , Yu Shoushan , Li Dong , Liu Changyuan , Bao Yongchao , Yu Xuegang , Chen Kezheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a ternary heterojunction which consists of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and tetrapod‐like zinc oxide (ZnO‐T) nanostructures is prepared through a facile hydrothermal method. Benefiting from the generation of 1T phase MoS2 and ZnS with high photoelectrochemical properties, the material exhibits outstanding charge separation and transfer performances while degrading methylene blue. According to the results of the photodegradation experiment, the MoS2/ZnS/ZnO‐T composite displays not only excellent photocatalytic reduction activity but also remarkable adsorption performance. The photocatalytic activity is improved twice higher, and the first‐order rate constant is 4.22 times than pure ZnO‐T. Moreover, the good recyclability after 3 continuous cycles implies excellent stability for practical applications. This study develops a high‐efficient photocatalyst for contaminated water treatment.
Two physics‐based models for pH‐dependent calculations of protein solubility
Authors: Spassov Velin Z. , Kemmish Helen , Yan Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen engineering a protein for its biological function, many physicochemical properties are also optimized throughout the engineering process, and the protein's solubility is among the most important properties to consider. Here, we report two novel computational methods to calculate the pH‐dependent protein solubility, and to rank the solubility of mutants. The first is an empirical method developed for fast ranking of the solubility of a large number of mutants of a protein. It takes into account electrostatic solvation energy term calculated using Generalized Born approximation, hydrophobic patches, protein charge, and charge asymmetry, as well as the changes of protein stability upon mutation. This method has been tested on over 100 mutations for 17 globular proteins, as well as on 44 variants of five different antibodies. The prediction rate is over 80%. The antibody tests showed a Pearson correlation coefficient, R, with experimental data from .83 to .91. The second method is based on a novel, completely force‐field‐based approach using CHARMm program modules to calculate the binding energy of the protein to a part of the crystal lattice, generated from X‐ray structure. The method predicted with very high accuracy the solubility of Ribonuclease SA and its 3K and 5K mutants as a function of pH without any parameter adjustments of the existing BIOVIA Discovery Studio binding affinity model. Our methods can be used for rapid screening of large numbers of design candidates based on solubility, and to guide the design of solution conditions for antibody formulation.