bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrovolcanic activity on a continental shelf inferred from the subsurface diatreme- and crater-filling deposits of Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Jeon Yongmun , Park Ki Hwa , Sohn Young Kwan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Jeju Island comprises numerous tuff rings and tuff cones and their reworked deposits in the subsurface, which formed on the ca. 120-m-deep Yellow Sea continental shelf under the fluctuating Quaternary sea levels. Tens of meter-thick and massive deposits were found by chance during groundwater drilling at three sites. These deposits are interpreted as either syn-eruptive diatreme-filling deposits or post-eruptive crater-filling deposits, both of hydromagmatic volcanoes. The diatremes were cut into shelf sediment, 70 to 250 m thick, and developed generally within it below the Quaternary sea levels. Abundant external water was therefore available for explosive magma-water interactions at shallow levels. The diatreme deposit in one core shows some features attributable to extreme wetness or water saturation of the diatreme fill, such as the matrix support of larger clasts, meager vertical changes in matrix content, and an absence of features related to particle adhesion. Fluidally shaped clasts with delicate reentrant margins in the core suggest minimal particle abrasion and breakage in a water-saturated and highly fluid slurry of tephra and water that was probably filling a shallow bowl-like diatreme, which is distinguished from both phreatomagmatic and kimberlite diatremes. The diatreme deposits in other cores comprise blocky and angular clasts in a sideromelane ash matrix, suggesting phreatomagmatic explosions at a deeper level. One of the cores contains collapsed deposits of thinly stratified tuff emplaced by pyroclastic surges, indicating that the diatreme is associated with an emergent tuff ring. Both Surtseyan and phreatomagmatic eruptions are therefore interpreted to have occurred on the shelf under the controls of fluctuating Quaternary sea levels. The subsurface diatremes suggest that there can be a variety of diatremes with different sizes, shapes, and material characteristics beneath the craters of hydromagmatic volcanoes, including not only maars but also tuff rings and tuff cones.
Surgery for brain metastases: radiooncology scores predict survival-score index for radiosurgery, graded prognostic assessment, recursive partitioning analysis
Authors: Wolfert Christina , Rohde Veit , Hussein Abdelhalim , Fiss Ingo , Hernández-Durán Silvia , Malzahn Dörthe , Bleckmann Annalen , Mielke Dorothee , Schatlo Bawarjan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiooncological scores are used to stratify patients for radiation therapy. We assessed their ability to predict overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing surgery for metastatic brain disease.

Methods
We performed a post-hoc single-center analysis of 175 patients, prospectively enrolled in the MetastaSys study data. Score index of radiosurgery (SIR), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were assessed. All scores consider age, systemic disease, and performance status prior to surgery. Furthermore, GPA and SIR include the number of intracranial lesions while SIR additionally requires metastatic lesion volume. Predictive values for case fatality at 1 year after surgery were compared among scoring systems.

Results
All scores produced accurate reflections on OS after surgery (p ≤ 0.003). Median survival was 21–24 weeks in patients scored in the unfavorable cohorts, respectively. In cohorts with favorable scores, median survival ranged from 42 to 60 weeks. Favorable SIR was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.44 [0.29, 0.66] for death within 1 year. For GPA, the HR amounted to 0.44 [0.25, 0.75], while RPA had a HR of 0.30 [0.14, 0.63]. Overall test performance was highest for the SIR.

Conclusions
All scores proved useful in predicting OS. Considering our data, we recommend using the SIR for preoperative prognostic evaluation and counseling.
Simultaneous ultra-sensitive analysis of tamsulosin hydrochloride and tolterodine tartrate binary mixture in their dosage form via high-performance thin-layer chromatography with fluorimetric detection
Authors: Rizk M. , Mahmoud Zainab M. , Azab Marwa M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA simple, sensitive, selective, and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed for the analysis of a mixture of tamsulosin hydrochloride and tolterodine tartrate, used in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in their laboratory-prepared binary mixture and dosage form. The separation was employed on thin-layer chromatography silica gel 60 aluminum sheets. As developing system, ethyl acetate–n-hexane–diethylamine (9:3:1, V/V) was used. Tamsulosin and tolterodine had retention factors (RF) of 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.85 ± 0.03, respectively. A 225 nm excitation wavelength was used for the fluorescence detection. Linearity was in the range of 10.0–200.0 and 100.0–900.0 ng/band for tamsulosin and tolterodine, respectively. The method was validated successfully according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. Our suggested method for determining tamsulosin and tolterodine in their dosage forms and in the presence of their degradation products could be conveniently applied in quality-control laboratories.
Remittance flows and US monetary policy
Authors: Machasio Immaculate , Tillmann Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRemittance inflows are driven by macroeconomic conditions in the home and the host economies, respectively. In this paper, we study the effect of US monetary policy on remittance flows into economies in Latin American and the Caribbean. The role of Fed policy for remittances has not yet been studied. We estimate a series of panel local projections for remittance inflows into eight countries. A surprise change in US monetary conditions has a strong and highly significant negative effect on inflows. Our finding remains robust if we change the sample period or include additional variables. Hence, our paper establishes a remittance-channel through which the Fed affects the business cycle abroad.
Mode 4 restrictiveness and services trade
Authors: Shingal Anirudh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of services trade and “servicification” of economic activity, “Mode 4” accounted for only 2.9% of total services trade in 2017. While existing literature has estimated services trade costs, effects of barriers to Mode 4 trade have not yet been quantified. We contribute by constructing a composite index to quantify regulatory barriers to the movement of service suppliers, using qualitative information embedded in OECD data on services trade restrictions, and examining its relationship with services trade. Structural gravity estimates suggest that a one standard deviation rise in Mode 4 restrictiveness reduces bilateral services exports by 8%; the adverse effects are even larger for intermediate services exports. Results using aggregate data show that the constructed index is negatively correlated with services imports delivered non-digitally alluding to complementarities between modes of supply and cross-modal “effects”. Moreover, there is considerable heterogeneity in the results across services sectors in both aggregate and bilateral analysis.
Spatial outlier detection on discrete GNSS velocity fields using robust Mahalanobis-distance-based unsupervised classification
Authors: Magyar Bálint , Kenyeres Ambrus , Tóth Sándor , Hajdu István , Horváth Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGNSS velocity field filtering can be identified as a multidimensional unsupervised spatial outlier detection problem. To detect and classify the spatial outliers, we jointly interpret the horizontal and vertical velocity fields with the related standard deviations. We also describe the applied feature engineering process, which represents the underlying problem better than the initial attributes. According to this, we discuss the utilized algorithms and techniques, like the spatial- and non-spatial mapping functions, the k-nearest neighborhood (kNN) technique to retrieve the local environment of each GNSS station, as well as the principal component analysis (PCA) as a dimensionality reduction technique. We also assume that regular velocity field samples containing no outliers come from an approximate multivariate normal distribution (MVN) at the local scale. Regarding this, we evaluate the corresponding sample-wise distance related to model distribution, namely the Mahalanobis distance, with the estimation of the robust covariance matrix derived by the minimum covariant determinant (MCD) algorithm. Subsequently, we introduce the applied binary classification on the values of the derived robust Mahalanobis distances (RMD) which follows the χ2distribution. We also present three cases of artificially generated, pre-labeled synthetic velocity field datasets to perform cross-validation and comparison of the proposed RMD approach to other classification techniques. According to this, we found that k = 12 yields > 95% classification accuracy. While the compared methods have a mean classification accuracy of 96.2–99.8%, the advantage of the RMD approach is that it does not require pre-defined labels to indicate regular and outlier samples. We also demonstrate the proposed RMD based filtering process on a real dataset of the EUREF Permanent Network Densification velocity products. The RMD-based approach has been integrated into the EPN Densification as a quality checking algorithm. According to this, we also introduce a co-developed and regularly updated interactive webpage to disseminate the corresponding results.
Comprehensive registry of esophageal cancer in Japan, 2015
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Toh Yasushi , Ishihara Ryu , Kono Koji , Matsubara Hisahiro , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Morita Masaru , Murakami Kentaro , Muro Kei , Numasaki Hodaka , Oyama Tsuneo , Saeki Hiroshi , Tanaka Koji , Tsushima Takahiro , Ueno Masaki , Uno Takashi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Usune Shiyori , Takahashi Arata , Miyata Hiroaki ,   The Registration Committee for Esophageal Cancer of the Japan Esophageal Society
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The registration committee for esophageal cancer in the Japan Esophageal Society (JES) has collected the patients' characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients who underwent any treatment during 2015 in Japan.

Methods
We analyzed patients' data who had visited the participating hospitals in 2015. We collected the data using the National Clinical Database with a web-based data collection system. We used the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer 10th edition by JES and the TNM classification by the Union of International Cancer Control (UICC) for cancer staging.

Results
A total of 9368 cases were registered from 355 institutions in Japan. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounted for 86.7% and 7.4%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients treated by endoscopic resection, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and esophagectomy were 87.2%, 33.5%, 24.2%, and 59.9%, respectively. Esophagectomy was performed in 5172 cases. Minimally invasive approaches were selected for 60.6%, and 54.4% underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The operative mortality (within 30 days after surgery) was 0.79% and the hospital mortality was 2.3%. The survival curves showed an excellent discriminatory ability both in the clinical and pathologic stages by the JES system. The survival of pStage IV was better than IIIC in the UICC system because pStage IV included the patients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (M1 LYM).

Conclusion
We hope this report improves all aspects of diagnosing and treating esophageal cancer in Japan.
Genetic diversity and population structure of some Nigerian accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.,) using DArT SNP markers
Authors: Osundare Opeyemi T. , Akinyele Benjamin O. , Odiyi Alexander C. , Paliwal Rajneesh , Oyatomi Olaniyi A. , Abberton Michael T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBambara groundnut is one of the crops with inadequate molecular research to show its full potentials. Previous studies showed morphological diversity with inadequate information to confirm genetic variations. In the quest to reveal the genetic potentials, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the selected accessions was extracted through leaf samples at 3 weeks old, using Dellaporta Miniprep for Plant DNA Isolation procedure. The high quality DNA was sequenced using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers to unlock diversity among Bambara groundnut of Nigerian origin. Cluster analysis (neighbor-joining clustering) of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) were used to generate sub-population to show relatedness and differences. Seven sub-populations were generated with 5927 (50.13%) high quality DArT markers out of the 11,821 SNPs generated. This revealed high genetic diversity existed among the selected Bambara groundnut accessions in Nigeria. This also revealed that DArT markers were highly efficient in classifying the accessions based on molecular expressions. This study also identified markers responsible for genetic variation that could facilitate the characterization of larger collections for further utilization of genetic resources and most importantly Bambara groundnut for the purpose of crop improvement.
Zinc and silicon biogeochemical decoupling in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sugino Kiminori , Oka Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the ocean, zinc (Zn) is an important element for biological activity and biogeochemistry. The distribution of dissolved Zn in the global ocean is similar to that of silica (Si). Previous model-based experiments proposed the Southern Ocean hypothesis: high Zn/P uptake ratio by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean leads to Zn-depleted surface water and this anomaly is transported into the interior ocean associated with mode water formation, resulting in a distribution similar to Si. However, recent observational data from the North Pacific showed that there is decoupling of Zn and Si: the correlation between Zn and Si breaks down in the North Pacific. This study investigates the process of the Zn cycle that causes the decoupling of Zn and Si in the North Pacific using a model. We conducted the model experiment with various Zn uptake speeds in the surface ocean, but it was not easy to reproduce Zn concentrations in the North Pacific, indicating that additional mechanisms are required to produce the decoupling of Zn and Si in the North Pacific. By considering additional Zn sources from the continental shelves of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, we found that high Zn concentration and the Zn–Si decoupling in the North Pacific were reproduced, consistent with observational data. Our result suggests that the Zn supply from the coastal regions in the North Pacific has an important role in causing the Zn–Si decoupling.
Identifying meaningful change on PROMIS short forms in cancer patients: a comparison of item response theory and classic test theory frameworks
Authors: Lee Minji K. , Peipert John D. , Cella David , Yost Kathleen J. , Eton David T. , Novotny Paul J. , Sloan Jeff A. , Dueck Amylou C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study compares classical test theory and item response theory frameworks to determine reliable change. Reliable change followed by anchoring to the change in categorically distinct responses on a criterion measure is a useful method to detect meaningful change on a target measure.

Methods
Adult cancer patients were recruited from five cancer centers. Baseline and follow-up assessments at 6 weeks were administered. We investigated short forms derived from PROMIS® item banks on anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain intensity, pain interference, and sleep disturbance. We detected reliable change using reliable change index (RCI). We derived the T-scores corresponding to the RCI calculated under IRT and CTT frameworks using PROMIS® short forms. For changes that were reliable, meaningful change was identified using patient-reported change in PRO-CTCAE by at least one level. For both CTT and IRT approaches, we applied one-sided tests to detect reliable improvement or worsening using RCI. We compared the percentages of patients with reliable change and reliable/meaningful change.

Results
The amount of change in T score corresponding to RCICTT of 1.65 ranged from 5.1 to 9.2 depending on domains. The amount of change corresponding to RCIIRT of 1.65 varied across the score range, and the minimum change ranged from 3.0 to 8.2 depending on domains. Across domains, the RCICTT and RCIIRT classified 80% to 98% of the patients consistently. When there was disagreement, the RCIIRT tended to identify more patients as having reliably changed compared to RCICTT if scores at both timepoints were in the range of 43 to 78 in anxiety, 45 to 70 in depression, 38 to 80 in fatigue, 35 to 78 in sleep disturbance, and 48 to 74 in pain interference, due to smaller standard errors in these ranges using the IRT method. The CTT method found more changes compared to IRT for the pain intensity domain that was shorter in length. Using RCICTT, 22% to 66% had reliable change in either direction depending on domains, and among these patients, 62% to 83% had meaningful change. Using RCIIRT, 37% to 68% had reliable change in either direction, and among these patients, 62% to 81% had meaningful change.

Conclusion
Applying the two-step criteria demonstrated in this study, we determined how much change is needed to declare reliable change at different levels of baseline scores. We offer reference values for percentage of patients who meaningfully change for investigators using the PROMIS instruments in oncology.
Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men
Authors: Liu Peter Y. , Reddy Radha T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSleep serves important biological functions, and influences health and longevity through endocrine and metabolic related systems. Sleep debt, circadian misalignment and sleep disruption from obstructive sleep apnea is widespread in modern society and accumulates with life because recovery sleep is not completely restorative. Accumulated disordered sleep throughout life impacts the ageing process and the development of age-related diseases. When epidemiological and interventional studies are considered collectively, sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon and 24-h testosterone; as well as higher afternoon, but not morning or 24-h cortisol. These reciprocal changes imbalances anabolic-catabolic signaling because testosterone and cortisol are respectively the main anabolic and catabolic signals in man. Fixing testosterone-cortisol balance by means of a novel dual-hormone clamp mitigates the induction of insulin resistance by sleep restriction and provided the first proof-of-concept that the metabolic harm from sleep loss can be ameliorated by approaches that do not require sleeping more. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with lower testosterone, even after controlling for age and obesity whereas the conclusion that continuous positive airway pressure therapy has no effect on testosterone is premature because available studies are underpowered and better-quality studies suggest otherwise. High dose testosterone therapy induces OSA, but more physiological dosing may not; and this effect may be transient or may dissipate with longer term therapy. Studies investigating the origin of the diurnal testosterone rhythm, the effect of circadian misalignment on testosterone-cortisol balance, and methods to mitigate metabolic harm, are required.
Divisive Concepts in Classrooms: A Call to Inquiry
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, I will begin by describing recent divisive concepts legislation, which bans teaching about aspects of racism, sexism, and equity, speculating briefly on the motivations behind it and the implications resulting from it. I will then describe how discussing divisive concepts in classrooms may be a helpful way for students to better understand the particular concepts and for students to take a stand on them. While I will briefly argue for the importance of classroom discussion of divisive concepts, my central claim will be that we must do more than merely discuss these concepts. Instead, we should engage in classroom inquiry about them. Inquiry positions students to not be silent regarding divisive concepts, as some legislation may cause, and inquiry positions students to not just talk about divisive concepts, but to solve social problems related to them in our world today. In other words, inquiry enables us to do something about divisive concepts, rather than just learning about them, as some educators currently advocate in calls for discussion. And inquiry is certainly more effective than banning divisive concepts or pushing them to the background, as recent legislation attempts to do. I argue that rather than excluding divisive concepts or the divisions they may provoke from our classrooms, we need educative spaces where we inquire into what divides us, why we are divided, and how we might respond to such division. Within that inquiry, we can better attend to our divisions while also taking up the specific concepts prohibited in recent legislation.
A deep learning approach to median nerve evaluation in ultrasound images of carpal tunnel inlet
Authors: Di Cosmo Mariachiara , Fiorentino Maria Chiara , Villani Francesca Pia , Frontoni Emanuele , Smerilli Gianluca , Filippucci Emilio , Moccia Sara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrasound (US) imaging is recognized as a useful support for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) assessment through the evaluation of median nerve morphology. However, US is still far to be systematically adopted to evaluate this common entrapment neuropathy, due to US intrinsic challenges, such as its operator dependency and the lack of standard protocols. To support sonographers, the present study proposes a fully-automatic deep learning approach to median nerve segmentation from US images. We collected and annotated a dataset of 246 images acquired in clinical practice involving 103 rheumatic patients, regardless of anatomical variants (bifid nerve, closed vessels). We developed a Mask R-CNN with two additional transposed layers at segmentation head to accurately segment the median nerve directly on transverse US images. We calculated the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the predicted median nerve. Proposed model achieved good performances both in median nerve detection and segmentation: Precision (Prec), Recall (Rec), Mean Average Precision (mAP) and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) values are 0.916 ± 0.245, 0.938 ± 0.233, 0.936 ± 0.235 and 0.868 ± 0.201, respectively. The CSA values measured on true positive predictions were comparable with the sonographer manual measurements with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.918 mm2. Experimental results showed the potential of proposed model, which identified and segmented the median nerve section in normal anatomy images, while still struggling when dealing with infrequent anatomical variants. Future research will expand the dataset including a wider spectrum of normal anatomy and pathology to support sonographers in daily practice.
Graphical abstract