bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Indocyanine Green versus Technetium-99m and Blue Dye for Bilateral SENTinel Lymph Node Detection in Stage I–IIA Cervical Cancer (FluoreSENT): protocol for a non-inferiority study
Authors: Baeten Ilse G T , Hoogendam Jacob P , Braat Arthur J A T , Veldhuis Wouter B , Jonges Geertruida N , Jürgenliemk-Schulz Ina M , Zweemer Ronald P , Gerestein Cornelis G 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNowadays, two predominant methods for detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in cervical cancer are in use. The most conventional method is a combination of a radiotracer, technetium-99m (99mTc) and blue dye. More recently, another method for SLN mapping using indocyanine green (ICG) is becoming widely accepted. ICG is a fluorescent dye, visualised intraoperatively with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, providing real-time visual navigation. The presumed advantages of ICG over 99mTc, that is, being cheaper, non-radioactive and logistically more attractive, are only valuable if its detection rate proves to be at least non-inferior. Before omitting the well-functioning and evidence-based combined approach of 99mTc and blue dye, we aim to provide prospective evidence on the non-inferiority of ICG with NIR fluorescence imaging.Methods and analysisWe initiated a prospective non-inferiority study with a paired comparison of both SLN methods in a single sample of 101 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA–IB2 or IIA1 cervical cancer receiving primary surgical treatment. All patients undergo SLN mapping with ICG and NIR fluorescence imaging in adjunct to mapping with 99mTc (including single photon emission computed tomography with X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT)) and blue dye. Surgeons start SLN detection with ICG while being blinded for the preoperative outcome of SPECT/CT to avoid biased detection with ICG. Primary endpoint of this study is bilateral SLN detection rate of both methods (ie, detection of at least one SLN in each hemipelvis). Since we compare strategies for SLN mapping that are already applied in current daily practice for different types of cancer, no additional risks or burdens are expected from these study procedures.Ethics and disseminationThe current study is approved by the Medical Ethics Research Committee Utrecht (reference number 21–014). Findings arising from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, academic conferences and through patient organisations.Trial registration numberNL9011 and EudraCT 2020-005134-15.
Mixed-methods study examining family carers’ perceptions of the relationship between intrahospital transitions and patient readiness for discharge
Authors: Bristol Alycia A , Elmore Catherine E , Weiss Marianne E , Barry Lisa A. , Iacob Eli , Johnson Erin P , Wallace Andrea S 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIntrahospital transitions (IHTs) represent movements of patients during hospitalisation. While transitions are often clinically necessary, such as a transfer from the emergency department to an intensive care unit, transitions may disrupt care coordination, such as discharge planning. Family carers often serve as liaisons between the patient and healthcare professionals. However, carers frequently experience exclusion from care planning during IHTs, potentially decreasing their awareness of patients’ clinical status, postdischarge needs and carer preparation. The purpose of this study was to explore family carers’ perceptions about IHTs, patient and carer ratings of patient discharge readiness and carer self-perception of preparation to engage in at home care.MethodsSequential, explanatory mixed-methods study involving retrospective analysis of hospital inpatients from a parent study (1R01HS026248; PI Wallace) for whom patient and family carer Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) score frequency of IHTs and patient and caregiver characteristics were available. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit a subsample of carers with diverse backgrounds and experiences for the participation in semistructured interviews to understand their views of how IHTs influenced preparation for discharge.ResultsOf discharged patients from July 2020 to April 2021, a total of 268 had completed the RHDS and 23 completed the semistructured interviews. Most patients experienced 0–2 IHTs and reported high levels of discharge readiness. During quantitative analysis, no association was found between IHTs and patients’ RHDS scores. However, carers’ perceptions of patient discharge readiness were negatively associated with increased IHTs. Moreover, non-spouse carers reported lower RHDS scores than spousal carers. During interviews, carers shared barriers experienced during IHTs and discussed the importance of inclusion during discharge care planning.ConclusionsIHTs often represent disruptive events that may influence carers’ understanding of patient readiness for discharge to home and, thus, their own preparation for discharge. Further consideration is needed regarding how to support carers during IHT to facilitate high-quality discharge planning.
Pain management in advanced cancer: physical activity as an outcome – accelerometer feasibility study
Authors: Lord Sarah , Good Phillip , Mielke Gregore Iven 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveCancer pain is a common distressing symptom. Numerical Pain Scales (NPS) assess pain but lack information about function and quality of life. This feasibility study assesses the use of triaxial accelerometers to measure function as an outcome measure in pain studies in advanced cancer.MethodsAdvanced cancer participants were recruited from two palliative care services, with an average pain score of ≥3 on NPS. ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Accelerometers were worn for 1 week on the wrist. Patients recorded daily pain scores, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) scores, and their daily opioid use.Results24 participants were recruited. A total of 142 days of accelerometer data was collected (5.9 days/participant). The average daily step count was 5723.7. The average acceleration was 14.4 milligravity units/day. An average of 93 min/day total activity across all intensities was recorded. No correlation was seen between acceleration or average daily minutes in activity and total daily oral morphine equivalent, ESAS, ‘average pain’ score or ‘worst pain’ scores using spearman’s correlation coefficients. Overall, participants were satisfied with the study.ConclusionsAccelerometers are a feasible method to measure activity as an outcome measure in advanced cancer. Further study is required to assess the impact of pain management strategies on function.
Equatorial orbits of spinning test particles in rotating boson stars
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Zeng Yan-Bo , Wang Yong-Qiang , Wei Shao-Wen , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study circular orbits of spinning test particles in the background of a rotating boson star. Using the pole-dipole approximation and neglecting the back-reaction of the spinning test particle on the spacetime, the equation of motion of the spinning test particle is described by the Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equation. We solve this equation under the Tulczyjew spin-supplementary condition and obtain the four-momentum and four-velocity of the spinning test particle. Quite different from the spinless particle, the effective potential of the spinning particle with zero orbital angular momentum goes to infinite at the center of the rotating boson star. This will lead to the fact that the spinning particle can not pass through the center of the boson star. However, when the spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum satisfy $$2{\bar{s}}+{\bar{l}}=0$$

2

s

¯

+

l

¯

=
0

, the effective potential is not divergent anymore and the spinning particle can pass through the center of the rotating boson star. We still investigate how the spin affects the structure of the circular orbits and we find that the spin will induce the larger or smaller regions of no circular orbits, unstable circular orbits, and stable circular orbits. Moreover, the radius and energy of the circular orbit will be decreased or increased by the particle spin. These results will have an important application in testing the gravitational waves in the boson star background.
Spectral features and optical absorption of vertically stacked V-groove quantum wires
Authors: Giraldo-Tobón Eugenio , Palacio J. L. , Miranda Guillermo L. , Fulla M. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spectral features and the linear, nonlinear, and total optical absorption coefficients of two realistic$$\mathrm {GaAs/Ga}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Al}}_x{\mathrm{As}}$$GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAsvertically stacked V-groove quantum wires confining electronic states were theoretically studied. The compact density matrix formalism and the finite element method were used as solution frameworks. The influence of the barrier width, inter-sidewall angle, the crescent thickness of the stack, and the influence of a static electric field on the energy spectrum and the optical coefficients is addressed. Increasing the crescent thickness (inter-sidewall angle) leads to a reduction (non-monotonous increase) of the energy values, while the presence of a static electric field leads to controllable stark-like patterns. In all cases, anti-crossing points are reported. By increasing the crescent thickness, inter-sidewall angle, or barrier width, a non-monotonous blue-/red-shift of the resonant peaks of the optical absorption is observed. In addition, the results in asymmetric/symmetric vertically coupled V-groove quantum wire systems suggest that the quantum tunneling phenomenon can be linked to the enhancement of the total optical absorption due to the possibility of the generation of dipole moments by higher electron mobility. Thus, optical fields oriented along the growth direction enhance the optical absorption. Furthermore, the absorption coefficient maximum is drastically modified by varying the inter-sidewall angle, and even the evolution tendency can be inverted due to the anti-crossing points in the energy spectra. Since the obtained resonant peaks are located below 20 meV in the spectra, the analyzed system could be interesting for exploring and designing new Terahertz devices.
Cell Competition Shapes Metastatic Latency and Relapse
Authors: Kim Kangsan , Huang Huocong , Parida Pravat Kumar , He Lan , Marquez-Palencia Mauricio , Reese Tanner C. , Kapur Payal , Brugarolas James , Brekken Rolf A. , Malladi Srinivas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Cell competition, a fitness-sensing process, is essential for tissue homeostasis. Using cancer metastatic latency models, we show that cell competition results in the displacement of latent metastatic (Lat-M) cells from the primary tumor. Lat-M cells resist anoikis and survive as residual metastatic disease. A memodeled extracellular matrix facilitates Lat-M cell displacement and survival in circulation. Disrupting cell competition dynamics by depleting secreted protein and rich in cysteine (SPARC) reduced displacement from orthotopic tumors and attenuated metastases. In contrast, depletion of SPARC after extravasation in lung-resident Lat-M cells increased metastatic outgrowth. Furthermore, multiregional transcriptomic analyses of matched primary tumors and metachronous metastases from patients with kidney cancer identified tumor subclones with Lat-M traits. Kidney cancer enriched for these Lat-M traits had a rapid onset of metachronous metastases and significantly reduced disease-free survival. Thus, an unexpected consequence of cell competition is the displacement of cells with Lat-M potential, thereby shaping metastatic latency and relapse.

Significance:
We demonstrate that cell competition within the primary tumor results in the displacement of Lat-M cells. We further show the impact of altering cell competition dynamics on metastatic incidence that may guide strategies to limit metastatic recurrences.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Fault Lines in Financial Inclusion
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Financial inclusion has been a global development policy priority over the last two decades. Financial inclusion involves providing access to basic financial services and the use of basic financial services to improve the welfare of individuals, households, and businesses. This article identifies the fault lines or vulnerabilities in the way financial inclusion is achieved. These fault lines or vulnerabilities arise from the overreliance on profit-oriented financial institutions to achieve financial inclusion, the multiple self-interest in the financial inclusion agenda, the unsustainability of policyinduced demand for basic financial services, the lack of safety net to protect poor banked adults from systemic risk events, and the prevalence of financial inclusionwashing that allow agents to misrepresent their support for financial inclusion. The article argued that the world needs to pay serious attention to these fault lines and seek solutions that promote financial inclusion in a sustainable way. The ideas in this article can help policymakers, academics, practitioners, and researchers in assessing the fault lines created by financial inclusion policies and strategies as this is the first step to finding solutions to address the fault lines.
Public Infrastructure Strategically Supplied by Governments and Trade in a Ricardian Economy
Authors: Suga Nobuhito , Tawada Makoto , Yanase Akihiko 
Published: September 2022

In a simple two-country Ricardian economy with public infrastructures, we consider a simultaneous and non-cooperate game between governments with respect to public infrastructure supply. Then it is shown that a country with larger (smaller) factor endowment exports a good whose production is more (less) dependent on public infrastructures, and both countries will gain from trade as long as factor endowment differs between countries. However, the following special features appear. (i) Any incompletely specialising country produces two goods at an inner point of the production possibility set. (ii) If factor endowment is the same between countries, the trading equilibrium is attained by the pattern of specialisation such that each country specialises in one good different from each other and both countries become better off. Which country specialises in which good is indeterminate. The result shows a typical case of symmetric breaking. JEL codes: F11, H41
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates high glucose-mediated proliferation, migration, and MCP-1 secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting MAPK phosphorylation
Authors: Kaizu Xu , Ying Wu , Mei-fang Wu , Li-ming Lin 
Published: September 2022

Objectives To explore the impacts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the proliferation, migration, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a high glucose environment and its possible mechanism. Methods We extracted VSMCs from the thoracic aorta of a male Sprague–Dawley rats before culturing them in a 25-mM glucose-containing medium in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3 (10−9 –10−7 M). Cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays. Subsequently, cell migratory capacity was examined by performing a transwell assay. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to assess MCP-1 levels. Protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cyclin D1, and phosphorylated MAPKs were determined by immunoblotting. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and MCP-1 secretion of VSMCs mediated by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner, diminished the enhanced protein expression of MMP-9 and cyclin D1, and attenuated MAPK phosphorylation. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 suppressed high glucose-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 and cyclin D1 protein expression and MCP-1 secretion, respectively. Conclusions 1,25(OH)2D3 ameliorates high glucose-mediated proliferation, migration, and MCP-1 secretion of VSMCs by inhibiting MAPK phosphorylation, implying a potential therapeutic approach using 1,25(OH)2D3 for diabetic macrovascular complications.
Mid-Term Follow-Up in Patients with Biocor Porcine Bioprostheses
Authors: Bottio Tomaso , Rizzoli Giulio , Gerosa Gino , Thiene Gaetano , Casarotto Dino 
Published: September 2022

Background: Prosthetic cardiac valves have increased life expectancy of patients (pts) with valvular heart disease. Bioprosthetic complications required devices replacements within 10 years of implantation; structural valve deterioration (SVD) has emerged as the major cause of reoperation. We reviewed survival and prosthetic complications of Biocor porcine bioprostheses implanted in mitral, aortic and mitro-aortic position. Methods: Between January 1991 and January 2001 446 pts (192 males; 254 females; mean age 73.4±6.7 year, range 40–91) received 258 aortic, 138 mitral and 50 mitro-aortic Biocor porcine valves; of these 83 pts have previous different types of prosthetic devices (15 aortic, 53 mitral and 15 double). Concomitant cardiac procedures, namely myocardial revascularization, were performed in 91/446 pts (20.5%). All explanted bioprostheses (BPS) were available for pathologic investigation. Follow-up included 1319 pt.-years and was 98% complete with a median time of 36 pt.-months. Results: Perioperative mortality was 6.8% (30/446 pts; 12 aortic, 17 mitral and 1 double) and was mostly related to reoperations. At the end of follow-up 18.5% of pts died (77/416), 12 deaths were valve-related with freedom from valve related mortality of 94% at 9 years. Survival was 54% at 9 years. It was 63%, 41% and 62% for aortic, mitral and double valve replacement, respectively. At follow-up 87% of pts. were in NYHA I—II class and 13% were in III—IV class; 55% were in sinus rhythm, 36% in atrial fibrillation and 9% had a pace-maker. Eighty-five percent of pts were anticoagulated. There were 6 thromboembolic and 5 anticoagulant-related haemorrhagic episodes with no significant difference between aortic and mitral position ( p=0.7). The event freeedom was respectively 92% and 98.5% at 9 years. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and non-SVD freedom were 96% and 93% at 9 years. SVD due to tissue degeneration, calcification and cusp's tears affected 2 pts with 94% freedom at 9 years. Overall freedom from all valve-related complications was 80% at 9 years and freedom from reoperation was 92% at 9 years. Conclusions: (1) Our intermediate-term follow-up of the Biocor porcine valve (BPS) showed excellent durability in all positions. (2) The aortic patients and especially the oldest group had better results than the mitral patients (41% vs. 63% 9 years survival, p=0.0004). (3) Higher mitral risk was related to higher prevalence of reoperations. (4) The incidence of anticoagulation-related complications is low in both aortic and mitral position without significant difference ( p=0.7). 4) A longer follow-up is required to get more information about SVD timing.
Choice of Material for Internal Carotid Artery Bypass Grafting: Vein or Prosthetic? Analysis of 44 Procedures
Authors: Roddy Sean P. , Darling R. Clement , Ozsvath Kathleen J. , Mehta Manish , Chang Benjamin B. , Paty Philip S. K. , Kreienberg Paul B. , Shah Dhiraj M. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Although infrequent, reconstruction of the internal carotid artery due to recurrent or extensive disease, tumor, or difficulty in completing the endarterectomy, may be necessary. Few studies evaluate the type of material used as conduit in regard to outcome. In this report we detail our results using both prosthetic and vein bypass of the internal carotid artery for atherosclerotic bifurcation stenosis. Methods and materials: All patients undergoing carotid artery reconstruction over the last 10 years were retrieved from our vascular registry. Those patients requiring bypass of the internal carotid artery were included. Demographics, indication, complications, and long term follow-up were reviewed. Chi square and log rank analysis was used to compare bypass with PTFE to those with vein as conduit. Results: Over the last 10 years, 44 reconstructions of the internal carotid artery were performed in 41 patients. Twenty-two procedures used prosthetic and 22 used vein. Asymptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease was identified in 14 of the 22 procedures with PTFE. and in 10 of 22 patients with vein. There was no operative mortality in the prosthetic group, and one patient died of a stroke (4.5%) in the vein graft group. There were no strokes or occlusions in the PTFE group. Two permanent neurologic deficits (9%) and one occlusion occurred in the vein bypass group. In follow-up, there have been no late occlusions in the PTFE group, and three in the vein group. Conclusion: While endarterectomy is the procedure of choice in carotid bifurcation stenosis, internal carotid artery bypass can be performed with reasonable outcomes whenever necessary. Prosthetic reconstruction of the internal carotid artery had acceptable results that was comparable to vein graft reconstruction.
The Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Ischemia and the Reperfusion Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Blaisdell F. William 
Published: September 2022

There are two components to the reperfusion syndrome, which follows extremity ischemia. The local response, which follows reperfusion. consists of limb swelling with its potential for aggravating tissue injury and the systemic response, which results in multiple organ failure and death. It is apparent that skeletal muscle is the predominant tissue in the limb but also the tissue that is most vulnerable to ischemia. Physiological and anatomical studies show that irreversible muscle cell damage starts after 3 h of ischemia and is nearly complete at 6 h. These muscle changes are paralleled by progressive microvascular damage. Microvascular changes appear to follow rather than precede skeletal muscle damage as the tolerance of capillaries to ischemia vary with the tissue being reperfused. The more severe the cellular damage the greater the microvascular changes and with death of tissue microvascular flow ceases within a few hours—the no reflow phenomenon. At this point tissue swelling ceases. The inflammatory responses following reperfusion varies greatly. When muscle tissue death is uniform, as would follow tourniquet ischemia or limb replantation, little inflammatory response results. In most instances of reperfusion, which follows thrombotic or embolic occlusion, there will be a variable degree of ischemic damage in the zone where collateral blood flow is possible. The extent of this region will determine the magnitude of the inflammatory response, whether local or systemic. Only in this region will therapy be of any benefit, whether fasciotomy to prevent pressure occlusion of the microcirculation, or anticoagulation to prevent further microvascular thrombosis. Since many of the inflammatory mediators are generated by the act of clotting, anticoagulation will have additional benefit by decreasing the inflammatory response. In instances in which the process involves the bulk of the lower extremity, amputation rather than attempts at revascularization may be the most prudent course to prevent the toxic product in the ischemic limb from entering the systemic circulation.