bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhage semantic segmentation in fundus images for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Skouta Ayoub , Elmoufidi Abdelali , Jai-Andaloussi Said , Ouchetto Ouail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBecause retinal hemorrhage is one of the earliest symptoms of diabetic retinopathy, its accurate identification is essential for early diagnosis. One of the major obstacles ophthalmologists face in making a quick and effective diagnosis is viewing too many images to manually identify lesions of different shapes and sizes. To this end, researchers are working to develop an automated method for screening for diabetic retinopathy. This paper presents a modified CNN UNet architecture for identifying retinal hemorrhages in fundus images. Using the graphics processing unit (GPU) and the IDRiD dataset, the proposed UNet was trained to segment and detect potential areas that may harbor retinal hemorrhages. The experiment was also tested using the IDRiD and DIARETDB1 datasets, both freely available on the Internet. We applied preprocessing to improve the image quality and increase the data, which play an important role in defining the complex features involved in the segmentation task. A significant improvement was then observed in the learning neural network that was able to effectively segment the bleeding and achieve sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 80.49%, 99.68%, and 98.68%, respectively. The experimental results also yielded an IoU of 76.61% and a Dice value of 86.51%, showing that the predictions obtained by the network are effective and can significantly reduce the efforts of ophthalmologists. The results revealed a significant increase in the diagnostic performance of one of the most important retinal disorders caused by diabetes.
Evidence for presence of a global quasi-resonant mode of oscillations during high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Singh Ram , Pandey K. , Pant T. K. , Stolle C. , Chakrabarty D. , Thampi S. , Bag T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract The responses of two High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) events are investigated using solar wind observations at L1, magnetospheric measurements at geosynchronous orbit, and changes in the global ionosphere. This study provides evidence of the existence of quasi-periodic oscillations (1.5–2 h) in the ionospheric electric field over low latitudes, total electron content at high latitudes, the magnetic field over the globe, energetic electron flux and magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit, geomagnetic indices (SYM-H, AE, and PC) and the Y-component of the interplanetary electric field (IEFy) during the HILDCAA events at all local times. Based on detailed wavelet and cross-spectrum analyses, it is shown that the quasi-periodic oscillation of 1.5–2 h in IEFy is the most effective one that controls the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling process during the HILDCAA events for several days. Therefore, this investigation for the first time, shows that the HILDCAA event affects the global magnetosphere–ionosphere system with a “quasi-resonant” mode of oscillation.
Graphical Abstract
Detailed S-wave velocity structure of sediment and crust off Sanriku, Japan by a new analysis method for distributed acoustic sensing data using a seafloor cable and seismic interferometry
Authors: Fukushima Shun , Shinohara Masanao , Nishida Kiwamu , Takeo Akiko , Yamada Tomoaki , Yomogida Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe S-wave velocity (Vs) structure of sediments and the uppermost crust in the landward slope of a subduction zone are important for determining the dynamics of the overriding plate. Although distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurements have improved the horizontal resolution of Vs structure in marine areas, the estimations have been limited to the uppermost sedimentary layers. In the present study, we applied seismic interferometry to DAS data of 13 h duration to image the sedimentary and crustal structure offshore of Sanriku, Japan with a spatial horizontal resolution of 2.5 km and > 3.0 km depth. We grouped the DAS data into 10 km long subarrays with 75% overlaps. We first applied a frequency-wavenumber filter to the DAS data to remove DAS instrumental noise and to allow effective extraction of surface waves from short-time records. We then applied a seismic interferometry method and estimated the phase velocities at each subarray. The estimated phase velocities of the fundamental-mode and first higher-mode Rayleigh waves were then used to determine one-dimensional Vs structures for each subarray. The resultant 2-D Vs structure was interpreted as representing sediments and crust. The upper sedimentary layers thicken seaward, while the entire sedimentary unit shows complex lateral variations in depth. The boundary between the sedimentary layers and the uppermost crust varies in depth from 1.8 to 6.8 km and is the deepest in the middle of the profile. Combining this result with the P-wave velocity (Vp) structure along the nearest survey line, determined in previous studies, allowed us to estimate Vp/Vs = 3.12, on average, for the lower sedimentary layers. Our method of applying seismic interferometry to marine DAS data broadens the techniques for estimating Vs and Vp/Vs structure of sedimentary layers and the upper crust across subduction zones. These results show that application of the frequency-wavenumber filtering and seismic interferometry to marine DAS data can estimate the Vs structure and the Vp/Vs structure, together with standard marine geophysical surveys of sedimentary layers and the upper crust across subduction zones.
Graphical Abstract
Dynamic networks of psychological symptoms, impairment, substance use, and social support: The evolution of psychopathology among emerging adults
Authors: Crouse Jacob J. , Ho Nicholas , Scott Jan , Parker Richard , Park Shin Ho , Couvy-Duchesne Baptiste , Mitchell Brittany L. , Byrne Enda M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Medland Sarah E. , Martin Nicholas G. , Gillespie Nathan A. , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubthreshold/attenuated syndromes are established precursors of full-threshold mood and psychotic disorders. Less is known about the individual symptoms that may precede the development of subthreshold syndromes and associated social/functional outcomes among emerging adults.MethodsWe modeled two dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) to investigate associations among self-rated phenomenology and personal/lifestyle factors (role impairment, low social support, and alcohol and substance use) across the 19Up and 25Up waves of the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. We examined whether symptoms and personal/lifestyle factors at 19Up were associated with (a) themselves or different items at 25Up, and (b) onset of a depression-like, hypo-manic-like, or psychotic-like subthreshold syndrome (STS) at 25Up.ResultsThe first DBN identified 11 items that when endorsed at 19Up were more likely to be reendorsed at 25Up (e.g., hypersomnia, impaired concentration, impaired sleep quality) and seven items that when endorsed at 19Up were associated with different items being endorsed at 25Up (e.g., earlier fatigue and later role impairment; earlier anergia and later somatic pain). In the second DBN, no arcs met our a priori threshold for inclusion. In an exploratory model with no threshold, >20 items at 19Up were associated with progression to an STS at 25Up (with lower statistical confidence); the top five arcs were: feeling threatened by others and a later psychotic-like STS; increased activity and a later hypo-manic-like STS; and anergia, impaired sleep quality, and/or hypersomnia and a later depression-like STS.ConclusionsThese probabilistic models identify symptoms and personal/lifestyle factors that might prove useful targets for indicated preventative strategies.
Extraction of Treatment Information From Electronic Health Records and Evaluation of Testosterone Recovery in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guin Sunny , Jun Tomi , Patel Vaibhav G. , Ayers Kristin L. , Deitz Matthew , Cai Yuqin , Zhou Xiang , Tsao Che-Kai , Oh William K. , Chen Rong , Liaw Bobby C. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Data quality and standardization remain a challenge when analyzing real-world clinical data. We built a clinical research database, using machine learning and natural learning processing, and investigated factors influencing testosterone recovery (T-recovery) in patients with localized prostate cancer (LPC) after initial androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS Medication and treatment-associated dates missing in structured tables were extracted from patient notes using ConceptMapper, an automated data extraction tool, standardized and curated in Sema4 clinical research database. ADT usage duration was evaluated, and T-recovery in patients with LPC was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. We assessed the prognostic value of post-ADT T-recovery with prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival and failure-free survival. RESULTS In total, 4,125 of 30,832 (13.4%) patients with prostate cancer had medication exclusively from notes with high precision and recall, F1 score ≥ 0.95. Association of dates with medication usage had a F1 score of 0.76. ADT duration estimation had higher accuracy combining information from notes to tables from electronic medical record (70% v 45%). Baseline testosterone was the strongest predictor of T-recovery in these patients. Patients with a baseline testosterone ≥ 300 ng/dL recovered in 9.79 versus 38 months for patients with baseline testosterone < 300 ng/dL ( P < .0001). Shorter prostate-specific antigen progression-free interval was observed for patients with T-recovery (≥ 300 ng/dL) at 6 months after ADT cessation compared with patients without T-recovery (< 300 ng/dL; 13.7 v 25.1 months; P = .055). CONCLUSION We augmented structured electronic medical record data with data extracted from notes and improved the accuracy of medication information for patients. ADT exposure and T-recovery in patients with LPC produced results consistent with the literature and clinical experience and illustrates the power of applying machine learning methods to enhance the quality of real-world evidence in answering clinically relevant questions.
Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption Increases the Risk of Biliary Tract Cancer in Prediabetes and Diabetes, but Not in Normoglycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Park Joo-Hyun , Hong Jung Yong , Han Kyungdo , Park Young Suk , Park Joon Oh 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To determine whether the dose-response association between alcohol consumption and the risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and gallbladder cancer (GBC), differs according to glycemic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS This nationwide cohort study included 9,520,629 individuals age ≥ 20 years without a history of cancer who underwent national health screening under the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009. The participants were followed up until December 2018 for BTC development. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to estimate risk. RESULTS During the 78.3 million person-years of follow-up, 21,079 patients were newly diagnosed with BTC. In individuals with prediabetes and diabetes, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption increased the risk of CCA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.28 and aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.47 to 1.69) and GBC (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.31 and aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.64). In normoglycemic individuals, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was not associated with CCA or GBC risk. When heavy alcohol consumption was combined with diabetes, CCA and GBC risk increased synergistically (aHR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.83 to 2.26; and aHR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.04, respectively; all P < .001). Prediabetes and heavy alcohol consumption had a synergistic interactive effect on CCA and GBC risks (all P < .001). Comparable results were obtained for intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA analyses. CONCLUSION Even light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of BTC in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes, but not in normoglycemic individuals. Complete avoidance of alcohol consumption may help reduce the risk of BTC in patients with prediabetes and diabetes, suggesting the need for individualized prevention strategies for BTC.
Inequities in Alliance Acute Leukemia Clinical Trial and Biobank Participation: Defining Targets for Intervention
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Stock Wendy , Jacobson Sawyer , Mandrekar Sumithra , Larson Richard A. , Stone Richard M. , Lathan Christopher S. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Byrd John C. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Representativeness in acute leukemia clinical research is essential for achieving health equity. The National Cancer Institute's mandate for Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) to define and assume responsibility for cancer control and treatment across a geographic catchment area provides an enforceable mechanism to target and potentially remediate participatory inequities. METHODS We examined enrollee characteristics across 15 Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance cooperative group adult acute leukemia clinical trials (N = 3,734) from 1998 to 2013, including participation in optional companion biobanks. We determined enrollment odds by race-ethnicity for all participants adjusted for national incidence, and for those enrolled at CCCs adjusted for catchment area incidence. We modeled biobank participation by sociodemographics using logistic regression. RESULTS Non-Hispanic (NH)-White patients were more likely to be enrolled than NH-Black, NH-Asian, or Hispanic patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.75, 0.48, and 0.44, respectively; all P < .001), but less likely than NH-Native American patients (OR, 1.91; P < .001), adjusted for national incidence. Enrollment odds were lower for NH-Black, NH-Asian, and Hispanic patients at CCCs adjusted for catchment area incidence (OR, 0.57, 0.26, and 0.32, respectively; P < .001); differences were driven by overenrollment of NH-White patients from outside self-defined catchment areas (18.1% v 12.3%; χ2 P = .01) and by CCCs with less absolute enrollee diversity (rank sum P = .03). Among all enrollees, NH-White race-ethnicity and lower neighborhood deprivation correlated with biobank participation (OR, 1.81 and 1.45, respectively; P = .01 and .03). For CCC enrollees, the correlation of race-ethnicity with biobank participation was attenuated by a measure accounting for their site's degree of enrollment disparity but not neighborhood deprivation. CONCLUSION Acute leukemia clinical research disparities are substantial and driven by structural trial enrollment barriers at CCCs. Real-time CCC access and enrollment monitoring is needed to better align research participation with local populations.
Global Higher Education in 2050
Authors: Escobar Arturo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article outlines an onto-epistemic perspective for the transformation of the university, an institution currently at the service of an unsustainable and defuturing mode of social and ecological existence, into a pluriversity attuned to the imperatives of being, life, and the Earth. It argues that the key to constructing livable worlds lies in the cultivation of ways of knowing, being, and acting based on a profound awareness of the fundamental interdependence of everything that exists. This shift in vision is seen as necessary for healing our bodies, ecosystems, cities, and the planet at large—in short, for much-needed civilizational transitions, in which a redesigned academy could be a fundamental factor.
DLX1 and the NuRD complex cooperate in enhancer decommissioning and transcriptional repression
Authors: Price James D. , Lindtner Susan , Ypsilanti Athena , Binyameen Fadya , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Newton Billy W. , Krogan Nevan J. , Rubenstein John L. R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In the developing subpallium, the fate decision between neurons and glia is driven by expression of Dlx1/2 or Olig1/2, respectively, two sets of transcription factors with a mutually repressive relationship. The mechanism by which Dlx1/2 repress progenitor and oligodendrocyte fate, while promoting transcription of genes needed for differentiation, is not fully understood. We identified a motif within DLX1 that binds RBBP4, a NuRD complex subunit. ChIP-seq studies of genomic occupancy of DLX1 and six different members of the NuRD complex show that DLX1 and NuRD colocalize to putative regulatory elements enriched near other transcription factor genes. Loss of Dlx1/2 leads to dysregulation of genome accessibility at putative regulatory elements near genes repressed by Dlx1/2, including Olig2. Consequently, heterozygosity of Dlx1/2 and Rbbp4 leads to an increase in the production of OLIG2+ cells. These findings highlight the importance of the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin remodelers in regulating cell-fate decisions.
Natural history of a mouse model of X-linked myotubular myopathy
Authors: Sarikaya Ege , Sabha Nesrin , Volpatti Jonathan , Pannia Emanuela , Maani Nika , Gonorazky Hernan D. , Celik Alper , Liang Yijng , Onofre-Oliveira Paula , Dowling James J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe monogenetic disorder of the skeletal muscle. It is caused by loss-of-expression/function mutations in the myotubularin (MTM1) gene. Much of what is known about the disease, as well as the treatment strategies, has been uncovered through experimentation in pre-clinical models, particularly the Mtm1 gene knockout mouse line (Mtm1 KO). Despite this understanding, and the identification of potential therapies, much remains to be understood about XLMTM disease pathomechanisms, and about the normal functions of MTM1 in muscle development. To lay the groundwork for addressing these knowledge gaps, we performed a natural history study of Mtm1 KO mice. This included longitudinal comparative analyses of motor phenotype, transcriptome and proteome profiles, muscle structure and targeted molecular pathways. We identified age-associated changes in gene expression, mitochondrial function, myofiber size and key molecular markers, including DNM2. Importantly, some molecular and histopathologic changes preceded overt phenotypic changes, while others, such as triad structural alternations, occurred coincidentally with the presence of severe weakness. In total, this study provides a comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of the murine XLMTM disease process, and thus provides a critical framework for future investigations.
Haspin participates in AURKB recruitment to centromeres and contributes to chromosome congression in male mouse meiosis
Authors: Berenguer Inés , López-Jiménez Pablo , Mena Irene , Viera Alberto , Page Jesús , González-Martínez José , Maestre Carolina , Malumbres Marcos , Suja José A. , Gómez Rocío 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Chromosome segregation requires that centromeres properly attach to spindle microtubules. This essential step regulates the accuracy of cell division and must therefore be precisely regulated. One of the main centromeric regulatory signaling pathways is the haspin-H3T3ph-chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) cascade, which is responsible for the recruitment of the CPC to the centromeres. During mitosis, the haspin kinase phosphorylates histone H3 at threonine 3 (H3T3ph), an essential epigenetic mark that recruits the CPC, in which the catalytic component is Aurora B kinase (AURKB). However, the centromeric haspin-H3T3ph-CPC pathway remains largely uncharacterized in mammalian male meiosis. We have analyzed haspin functions by either its chemical inhibition with LDN-192960 in cultured spermatocytes, or the ablation of the Haspin gene in Haspin−/− mice. Our studies suggest that haspin kinase activity is required for proper chromosome congression both during meiotic divisions and for the recruitment of Aurora B and kinesin MCAK (also known as KIF2C) to meiotic centromeres. However, the absence of H3T3ph histone mark does not alter borealin (or CDCA8) and SGO2 centromeric localization. These results add new and relevant information regarding the regulation of the haspin-H3T3ph-CPC pathway and centromere function during meiosis.
Failure analysis of articulating polymethyl methacrylate spacers in two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jaubert Maxime , Le Baron Marie , Jacquet Christophe , Couvreur Antoine , Fabre-Aubrespy Maxime , Flecher Xavier , Ollivier Matthieu , Argenson Jean-Noel 
Published: June 2022

Aims Two-stage exchange revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in case of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been considered for many years as being the gold standard for the treatment of chronic infection. However, over the past decade, there have been concerns about its safety and its effectiveness. The purposes of our study were to investigate our practice, collecting the overall spacer complications, and then to analyze their risk factors. Methods We retrospectively included 125 patients with chronic hip PJI who underwent a staged THA revision performed between January 2013 and December 2019. All spacer complications were systematically collected, and risk factors were analyzed. Statistical evaluations were performed using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test. Results Our staged exchange practice shows poor results, which means a 42% mechanical spacer failure rate, and a 20% recurrent infection rate over the two years average follow-up period. Moreover, we found a high rate of spacer dislocation (23%) and a low rate of spacer fracture (8%) compared to the previous literature. Our findings stress that the majority of spacer complications and failures is reflecting a population with high comorbid burden, highlighted by the American Society of Anesthesiology grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Lee score associations, as well as the cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, or hepatic chronic conditions. Conclusion Our experience of a two-stage hip exchange revision noted important complication rates associated with high failure rates of polymethylmethacrylate spacers. These findings must be interpreted in the light of the patient’s comorbidity profiles, as the elective population for staged exchange has an increasing comorbid burden leading to poor results. In order to provide better results for this specific population, our conclusion suggests that comparative strategy studies are required to improve our therapeutic indication. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):485–494.