bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the virtual learning environment by school students and their parents in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic after school closure
Authors: Hegazi Moustafa Abdelaal , Butt Nadeem Shafique , Sayed Mohamed Hesham , Zubairi Nadeem Alam , Alahmadi Turki Saad , El-Baz Mohamed Saad , Atwah Ali Fahd , Altuwiriqi Mohammad Ahmed , Saeedi Fajr Adel , Abdulhaq Nada Mansour , Almurashi Saleh Huwidi 
Published: November 2022

Background
Very few previous studies have involved school students or their parents in the evaluation of virtual learning environment (VLE). Thus, this survey was performed to evaluate the satisfaction of both school students and their parents with the VLE in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed online for VLE evaluation. The questionnaire was based on previous studies and expert opinions from validated instruments for assessing distance education, integrative and literature reviews of VLE environment. A median value >3 indicated participant satisfaction in each of the 5 domains of the questionnaire as well as overall VLE satisfaction. The used questionnaire was checked after its implementation by all possible statistical means and it was found to be of acceptable validity and reliability.

Results
Six hundred and ninety-three participants including 571 Saudi citizens and 122 non-Saudi residents participated in this survey. The number of school students who agreed or strongly agreed were significantly lower than the number of students who disagreed or strongly disagreed with preferring the VLE over traditional education (p<0.001). The participants evaluated the VLE experience as unsatisfactory with a median value ≤3 for 4 out of 5 questionnaire domains with an overall satisfaction value of 2.8. Among the 117 participants who gave further written opinions/comments, 42(35.9%) participants supported the VLE as an alternative to traditional classrooms, if equipment and internet are made available and for the safety of their children.

Conclusions
This is one of few available adequate population-based studies for exploring the VLE satisfaction of both Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents school students and their parents. This study showed the participants’ unsatisfactory VLE experience. The VLE is accepted as an alternative to traditional classrooms to keep up with learning and to maintain the safety of children and it can be a supplementary learning method but many measures are still needed to develop the VLE.
Early life events in functional abdominal pain disorders in children
Authors: Karunanayake Amaranath , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri , Rajindrajith Shaman 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common gastrointestinal problems in children, and the pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial. Adverse early life events (ELE) induce alterations in the central nervous system, perhaps predisposing individuals to develop FAPDs. We aimed to study the potential adverse ELE that are associated with FAPDs.

Methods
We steered a school-based survey involving 1000 children from 4 randomly selected schools. FAPDs were assessed using the translated Rome III questionnaire, and ELE were identified using a pre-tested, parental questionnaire. FAPDs were diagnosed using the Rome III criteria.

Results
Hundred and eighty-two (182) children had FAPDs (62.1% girls, mean age 8.5, SD 2.1). ELE of them were compared with 571 children without FAPDs (51.1% girls, mean age 8.8, SD 1.9). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, family members with abdominal pain, family member with chronic pain other than abdominal pain, prenatal maternal complications and interventional deliveries, were recognized as potential risk factors for the development of FAPDs. Breast feeding over two years has shown to reduce the prevalence of FAPDs.a.

Conclusions
Prenatal maternal medical problems are associated a with higher prevalence of FAPDs later in life. Prolonged breastfeeding and normal vaginal delivery could be considered as factors that reduce the vulnerability of developing FAPDs in children. Therefore, minimizing pregnancy-related complications, encouraging vaginal deliveries, and encouraging breastfeeding are potentially valuable measures to prevent FAPDs during childhood.
Predictors of unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students
Authors: Getachew Dawit , Yosef Tewodros , Solomon Nahom , Tesfaye Melkamsew , Bekele Eyob 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Medical students are among the potential risky population for the transmission of COVID 19 infections; their willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine is not well studied. Thus, this study assessed Predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students.

Methods
From the 25th of May, 2020 to the 26th of June, 2021, an institution-based cross-sectional study was done at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,On 313 medical students from each department and batch were chosen using a multistage sampling approach. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify the predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines. Figures, tables, and graphs were used to present the findings. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were provided.

Results
In this study 124 (40.7%) 95% CI (35.1,46.4) medical students were not willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. And also increased in the age of the student[AOR 0.43, 95% CI; (.29,.63)], Knowledge status about COVID 19 infection transmission, risk factors and control behavior[AOR 1.45, 95% CI; (1.14, 1.85)], perceived susceptibility to COVID 19 infection [AOR 1.70 (1.15, 2.51)], perceived severity of COVID 19 infection[AOR 1.26 (1.01, 1.57)], perceived benefit of COVID 19 vaccine [AOR .58(.38, .88)], positive attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines [AOR .46(.35, .62)], and confidence in safety and efficacy of the vaccine and public authorities decissin in the best interest of the community [AOR 1.93(1.24, 2.99)] were predictors of non-willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine.

Conclusion
Non-willingness to accept the COVID 19 vaccine was predicted by student age, elements in the Health belief model such as anticipated susceptibility, severity, and benefit, and a positive attitude and trust in the vaccine.
Executive function, self-regulation skills, behaviors, and socioeconomic status in early childhood
Authors: Cuartas Jorge , Hanno Emily , Lesaux Nonie K. , Jones Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectivesPrior research has established steep socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in children’s cognitive skills at kindergarten entry. Yet, few studies have had comprehensive, multi-informant data to examine SES-related differences in foundational social and emotional skills and executive function. The objective of the current study is to systematically examine SES-related differences in young children’s executive function (EF), self-regulation skills, and behaviors.MethodsThe current study analyzed data on 2,309 young children from the Early Learning Study at Harvard (ELS@H). Multi-method (direct-assessment and reports) and multi-informant (parents and early education and care educators) information on children’s executive function, self-regulation skills, and internalizing, externalizing, and adaptive behaviors were used. A parametric framework employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation was used to quantify the size of the SES-related differences in this set of children’s foundational social-emotional skills.ResultsOn average, there were differences of 0.24–0.45SDfor EF, 0.22–0.32SDfor self-regulation skills, and 0.27–0.54SDfor behaviors favoring children from the highest SES quartile of the distribution of SES relative to children from the lowest quartile. The SES-related differences were consistent across direct assessment, parent reports, and educator reports. Some differences were larger for older children relative to their younger counterparts.ConclusionsFindings indicate a need for comprehensive intervention efforts well before kindergarten entry aimed at closing early disparities in children’s foundational social and emotional skills and executive function.
Efficacy of a Digital Personalized Elimination Diet for the Self-Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Comorbid Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jactel Samuel N. , Olson Joseph M. , Wolin Kathleen Y. , Brown Jordan , Pathipati Mythili P. , Jagiella Valerie J. , Korzenik Joshua R. 
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and dual-diagnosis IBS and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report that symptoms originate from or are exacerbated by trigger foods. Despite patient interest and need, there is no consensus on what diet is optimal. Popular diets have notable limitations including cost, length, implementation complexity, and lack of personalization.

METHODS:
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, desirability, and effect on gastrointestinal symptoms of a digitally delivered personalized elimination diet for patients with IBS and comorbid IBS/IBD, powered by machine learning. Participants were recruited online and were provided access to a digital personalized nutrition tool for 9 weeks (N = 37; IBS only = 16, Crohn's disease and IBS = 9, and ulcerative colitis and IBS = 12).

RESULTS:
Significant symptom improvement was seen for 81% of participants at study midpoint and persisted for 70% at end point, measured by the relevant symptom severity score (IBS symptom severity score, Patient Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, or Mobile Health Index for Crohn's disease). Clinically significant symptom improvement was observed in 78% of participants at midpoint and 62% at end point. Twenty-five participants (67.6%) achieved total symptomatic resolution by the end of study. Patient-reported quality of life improved for 89% of participants. Ninety-five percentage daily engagement, 95% retention, 89% adherence and 92% satisfaction with the program were reported.

DISCUSSION:
Dietary elimination can improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS and comorbid IBS/IBD. Digital technology can personalize dietary interventions and improve adherence. Randomized controlled trials are warranted.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE MADE FROM RECYCLED SAND
Authors: Kechkar Chiraz , Kherraf Leila , Abdelouahid Assia , Hebhoub Houria 
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study of research is to initiate and develop a comparative study of fresh and hardened properties of concretes made from recycled sand from three types of waste: marble waste, tiling waste and cinder block waste. And this, in the intention of contributing to the world effort relating to the preserve of natural aggregate resources and limit landfill to the ultimate waste thresholds.
To do this, in the composition of a current concrete with a water / cement ratio equal to 0.55, an equivalent volume of sand from the three wastes respectively replaced a volume of 15% of the ordinary sand. The properties in the fresh state: workability, air content and density and in the hardened state: compressive strength, Flexural tensile strength, compressive strength determined with non-destructive tests, water absorption by immersion, absorption by capillarity and chloride penetration of the various concretes produced are analyzed, and compared to those of the control concrete.
The results obtained show that the concretes containing the waste sands have acceptable characteristics. However, tiling waste sand performs better than the other two recycled sands.
The Implementation of Sharf Learning Using KH. Muhammad Yusuf's Method at Terbuka Junior High School Wanar Lamongan / Penerapan Pembelajaran Sharf dengan Menggunakan Metode KH Muhammad Yusuf di SMP Terbuka Wanar Lamongan
Authors: Fivi Nur Alifah  , Muhammad Thohir  
Published: November 2022

A lot of sentence changes in Arabic make it difficult for students to interpret Arabic texts, students lack understanding about the meaning of words that have changed from the original form to another form. The purpose of this study is to find out in depth about the sharf learning process at The Open Junior High School by using the KH Muhammad Yusuf sharf method, and also to find out the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in this method. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data sources, namely direct interviews with teachers at SMP located in the village of Wanar, Lamongan Regency. The results of this study are the students required to memorize a wazan along with examples in one day. The focus of the material on the four bina’ which are most often found in Arabic texts. The supporting factors in this study are sharf books, teachers, and boarding schools. While the inhibiting factors in this study are student motivation and student background at the previous level of education.
Keywords: Learning Arabic, Sharf, KH Muhammad Yusuf Method

Abstrak
Perubahan kalimat yang banyak dalam bahasa Arab membuat siswa kesulitan dalam mengartikan teks yang berbahasa Arab, siswa kurang memahami tentang arti kata yang telah berubah dari bentuk asal ke bentuk lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui secara mendalam tentang proses pembelajaran sharf di SMP Terbuka dengan menggunakan metode sharf KH Muhammad Yusuf, dan ingin mengetahu faktor-faktor pendukung serta factor penghambat dalam metode ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif desrkriptif dengan sumber data yaitu wawancara langsung terhadap guru di SMP Terbuka yang terletak di desa Wanar Kabupaten Lamongan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah siswa di wajibkan menghafalkan satu wazan beserta contohnya dalam waktu satu hari. Serta fokus materi pada empat bina’ yang paling sering di temukan di tek-teks berbahasa Arab. Adapun faktor pendukung dalam pembelajaran ini adalah kitab sharf, guru, dan asrama pesantren. Sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam pembelajaran ini adalah motivasi siswa serta latar belakang siswa pada jenjang sebelumnya.
Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Sharf, Metode KH Muhammad Yusuf
Ībistīmūlūjiyya Al-Manāhij al-Dirāsiyyah fī Pesantren: Ru’yah Tajdīdiyyah li Ta‘limi al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah / Epistemology Curriculum in Pesantren Indonesia: A New Vision for Arabic Learning
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir 
Published: November 2022

This article aims to know the development of Arabic language education and the formation of the new epistemological curriculum. This goal appears to treat after the problems facing institutes in designing the curriculum in teaching the language of the Qur'an. After reviewing the data, analyzing it, and discussing it with the appropriate theories, the researcher concluded the following: The first was teaching the Arabic language in the Pesantren using the grammar method and the efficiency of reading religious texts. The second type, which focuses on the Arabic language as a communication tool, is widely used in institutes: modern Islamic education and many modern Islamic educational institutions. The third type of Arabic language education has been used in formal education (public schools and religious schools). It continues to be supplemented, whether in terms of curricula, educational goals, materials, method, or teaching strategies as methods used. Teaching the Arabic language needs to develop a new curriculum that focuses on teaching competencies, namely specific and specific competencies, language competencies, and communicative competencies. These competencies are linked to each other, especially in linguistic and communicative competencies.
Keywords: Curriculum, Arabic Learning, Pesantren, Competencies.
ملخص
الأهداف المنشودة لهذه المقالة هي معرفة تطوير في تعليم اللغة العربية وتكوين المنهج الابستيمولوجي الجديد فيه. يظهر هذا الهدف لعلاج بعد المشاكل التي تواجه المعاهد في تصميم المنهج الدراسي فى تعليم لغة القرأن. بعد مراجعة البيانات وتحليلها ومناقشتها بالنظريات المناسبة استخلص الباحث فيما يلي: الأول تم تعليم اللغة العربية في الـمعاهد الإسلامية السلفية (باسانترين) بإستخدام طريقة القواعد وكفاءة قرأة النصوص الدينية. وأما النوع الثاني الذي يركز على أن اللغة العربية أداة الاتصال فيستخدم على نطاق واسعفي الـمعاهد الإسلامية الـعصرية، وعدد كبير منالـمؤسسات التعليمية الإسلامية الحديثة. وأما النوع الثالثلتعليم اللغة العربيةفيستخدم حتى الآن فيالتعليم الرسمي (الـمدارسالعامة والـمدارس الدينية) ويستمر تكميله، سواء من حيث الـمناهج أو أهداف التعليم أو الـمواد أو الطريقة أو استراتيجيات التعليم،وكذلك الوسائل الـمستخدمة.تعليم اللغة العربية تحتاج إلي تطوير المنهج الجديد الذي يتركز فى تعليم الكفاءات وهي الكفاءات النوعية والخاصة و الكفاءات اللغوية والكفاءات التواصلية.هذه الكفاات مرتبطة بعضها من بعض ولاسيما فى الكفاات اللغوية والتواصلية.
الكلمات المفاتحية : المنهج الدراسي، تعليم اللغة العربية، المعهد (باسانترين)، الكفاية
Analysis of the Textbook "Aku Cinta Bahasa Arab" for Grade 1 Elementary School in the Perspective of Cognitive Developmental Psychology
Authors: Dudung Hamdun  , Rafika Rizkinia Mufida  , Pradnya Paramita Nurhapsari 
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the feasibility of the textbook "Aku Cinta Bahasa Arab" for grade 1 elementary school published by Tiga Serangkai in terms of the psychology of children's cognitive development. This research is library research with content analysis method. The data collection technique in this research is documentation. Sources of data used in this study are books, journals, documents, articles, and other scientific works relevant to the study's object of study. The main topics of this research are theories related to textbook assessment and cognitive development of elementary-age children. The data collection technique in this research is documentation. Furthermore, to process and analyze the data, the author uses the method of content analysis, which is an analysis of the content that focuses on interpretation in terms of assessing the feasibility of textbooks and reviewing theories of cognitive development for elementary-age children. The results of this study indicate that there is a suitability of the assessment of texts with children's cognitive development. However, there are still errors both in terms of technique and substance of the book. Various improvements are needed to be used as learning materials in accordance with the cognitive development of children in the grade 1 elementary school.
Keywords: Textbooks, Aku Cinta Bahasa Arab, Content Analysis, Cognitive Development.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan buku teks “Aku Cinta Bahasa Arab” untuk Kelas I Madrasah Ibtidaiah yang diterbitkan oleh Tiga Serangkai ditinjau dengan psikologi perkembangan kognitif anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan metode analisis konten. Teknik pengumpulam data pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu buku, jurnal, dokumen, artikel, dan karya ilmiah lainnya yang relevan dengan objek kajian pada penelitian ini. Pokok bahasan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan penilaian buku teks dan perkembangan kognitif anak usia dasar. Teknik pengumpulam data pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan metode content analysis, yaitu analisis terhadap kandungan isi yang berfokus pada interpretasi dari segi penilaian kelayakan buku teks dan ditinjau teori-teori perkembangan kognitif anak usia dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesesuaian penilaian buku teks dengan perkembangan kognitif anak, namun masih terdapat kesalahan baik dari sisi teknik maupun substansi buku, dan diperlukan berbagai upaya perbaikan supaya dapat dijadikan bahan belajar yang sesuai dengan perkembangan kognitif anak pada usia kelas satu sekolah dasar.
Kata Kunci: Buku Teks, Aku Cinta Bahasa Arab, Analisis Konten, Perkembangan Kognitif
PERLINDUNGAN NEGARA, PATEN VAKSIN COVID-19, DAN POTENSI MONOPOLI
Authors: Arimuladi Setia Untung 
Published: November 2022

HKI dalam Vaksin COVID-19 dapat memberikan hambatan dalam proses penanganan Pandemi COVID-19, sedangkan negara memiliki kewajiban untuk melindungi segenap bangsa dan tumpah darah Indonesia sebagaimana diamatkan dalam pembukaan UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Intervensi dilakukan dengan pemberlakuan compulsory licensing ataupun government use. Perubahan Pasal 20 UU Paten melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja berpotensi menimbulkan praktik monopoli terhadap kekayaan intelektual terutama yang berhubungan dengan produk-produk Kesehatan yang berimplikasi pada limitasi akses dan ketersediaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi monopoli vaksin COVID-19 oleh pemegang Paten dan kewajiban negara dalam menyediakan Vaksin COVID-19. Perubahan dalam Pasal 20 UU Paten meringankan kewajiban pelaksanaan Paten di Indonesia dengan pemecahan kategori pelaksanaan paten sehingga pemegang paten dapat menggugurkan kewajiban hanya dengan melaksanakan salah satu dari kegiatan yang diatur. Perubahan atas Pasal 20 UU Paten menciderai amanat pembukaan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 yaitu kewajiban untuk melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia.
Generalized common fixed point theorem for generalized hybrid mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Kondo Atsumasa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we prove a common fixed point theorem for commutative nonlinear mappings that jointly satisfy a certain condition. From the main theorem, a common fixed point theorem for commutative generalized hybrid mappings is derived as a special case. Our novel approach significantly expands the applicable range of mappings for well-known fixed point theorems to be effective. Examples are presented to explicitly illustrate this contribution.
Free will: Dr Johnson was right
Authors: Shand John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this attempt to deal with the problem of free will Tallis identifies intentionality as a feature of our lives that cannot be explained by deterministic, natural, physical, causal laws. Our ability to think about the world, and not merely be objects subject to it, gives us room for manoeuvre for free thought and action. Science, far from being antagonistic to the possibility of free will as it is usually presented through its deterministic explanations, is a manifestation of our freedom and could not exist without it. However, doubts arise for the argument owing to a lack of explanation as to how freedom is possible no matter how persuasively we are shown that it appears to be. That is, what kind of world would it have to be for freedom to exist and be explicable. I conclude with my own view, alluded to by Tallis, but not followed up, that the problem with the scientific worldview is that it is wedded to objectivity as the only stance deemed veridical as to the nature of reality, one which therefore cannot by necessity allow subjects or freedom. As freedom is a property of subjects, the scientific worldview cannot allow for freedom. Once the condition is dropped that only the objectively knowable can be real, freedom also may be real, defined as a knowable property of our subjectivity. There is no need to deny physicalism if the definition of it is released from the epistemic bonds of objectivity and we hold that some physical properties may be known subjectively, namely those that characterize our subjective life.