bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of bone graft substitute in healing fractures with bone defects through examination of alkaline phosphatase and radiology in the murine model (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain
Authors: Sananta Panji , Suryanto Dradjat Respati , Pradana Putra Domy , Sugiarto Muhammad Alwy 
Published: March 2022

Background: A significant bone defect is a condition wherein the bone cannot repair spontaneously. Therefore, replacing bone defects with bone substitution remains a reconstructive concern for orthopaedic surgeons. Bone Graft Substitution (BGS) are classified broadly, such as bone grafts (autograft, allograft, and xenograft) synthetic ceramics (hydroxyapatite, calcium sulphate). This study aims to determine the effect of various Bone Graft Substitute on the healing process of bone defects assessed based on the area of callus formation and levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Methods: The study design was an in vivo laboratory experimental approach with a randomized post-test only control group design. The 20 experimental animals that matched the inclusion criteria were divided into five groups, in each one of control positive group, one of control negative group, and three of treatment group. The bone graft substitution used in this study is a synthetic ceramic, namely Synthetic HA-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - BONGROS®, Bone Graft Substitution Nanocrystalline HA-CaSO4-PEROSSAL®, and also hydroxyapatite Bovine. After selecting rats, we performed osteotomy on the femur to the made bone defect. After 30 days, murine models were harvested. Then, we measure callus formation using radiological examination and ALP level serum Results: From Callus formation, Nanocrystalline HA-CaSO4 is the highest (86.54 ± 4.24604) compared with other groups and significantly (p:0.021) increase in callus formation than the other experimental groups. Then, from the ALP level, Bovine is the highest (9.287 ± 0.58586) but did not significantly compare with K-neg, and the second one is Nanocrystalline HA-CaSO4 higher than KP-1, and it has a significantly higher levels serum ALP rather than K-Neg. Conclusion: Bone Graft Substituted using Nanocrystalline HA-CaSO4 is a good material that can repair and increase callus formation in fracture model rats with bone defects.
Honoring Black Hopes: How to respond when the family is hoping for a miracle
Authors: Stonestreet John 
Published: March 2022

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in end-of-life healthcare can be reduced by showing physicians how to best respond to a documented underlying cause: African American families’ hopes for a miracle via divine intervention influence their end-of-life medical decisions, like, for example, making them not want to withdraw ventilatory support in cases of poor neurologic prognosis because they are still hoping for God to intervene. Methods: Autoethnographic research probing the author’s Spiritual Care experience in this context yields a nuanced, 90-second point-of-care spiritual intervention physicians can use to address the religious aspect of African American families who base end-of-life medical decisions on their hopes for a miracle via divine intervention. Autoethnographic analysis is framed by physician-author, Dr. Jessica Zitter’s documented journey of grappling with this context. The evolution of Dr. Zitter’s responses to miracle-hoping African American families provides a framework for applying autoethnographic analysis to a critical appropriation of the Johns Hopkins “AMEN” communication protocol for families hoping for a miracle. Results: The common instinct of white physicians to remain neutral, holding miracle-hoping African American families at arm’s length, rather than supportively engaging their hopes, is shown to be an intellectual ruse for emotional avoidance. A novel, counterintuitive spiritual intervention for the religious aspect of miracle-hoping African American families is integrated into an existing physician communication protocol for responding to families hoping for a miracle with recommendations for utilization of existing communication technology when necessary. Conclusion: Properly addressing the religious dimension of African American families hoping for a miracle may help physicians to increase their therapeutic connection with families, decrease their own stress/burnout levels, and eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in end-of-life healthcare.
pTITAN2: Permutation of treatment labels and Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis
Authors: Figary Stephanie , DeWitt Peter , Detenbeck Naomi 
Published: March 2022

Background: Taxa Indicator Threshold ANalysis (TITAN) was developed to identify thresholds along environmental gradients where rapid changes in taxa frequency and relative abundance are observed. TITAN determines separate change-points for increasing and decreasing taxa in aggregate, as well as change-points for individual taxa, with associated confidence intervals generated using bootstrapping. However, if TITAN is applied to different classes of observations, additional analyses besides using non-overlapping confidence intervals are needed to establish whether change-points differ between treatments or groups because non-overlapping confidence intervals can indicate significant differences but overlapping confidence intervals do not necessarily mean the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. Methods: To address this, we present a new R package, pTITAN2, which is an extension to the existing TITAN2 package. The pTITAN2 package was developed to enable comparisons of TITAN output between treatments by permutating the observed data between treatments and rerunning TITAN on the permuted data. Results: The pTITAN2 package includes two functions, occurrences and permute. The occurrences function selects the taxonomic codes to be used in a TITAN run while maintaining the most taxonomic details. The permute function is then used to create a list of permuted sets of taxa and environmental gradients. TITAN is then run again on the permuted data and p-value test can be calculated using the observed and permuted TITAN output to test for statistical differences between treatment effects. Conclusions: The package pTITAN2 is an extension of the existing TITAN2 package and enables users to perform the appropriate statistical tests and determine statistical differences without using overlapping confidence intervals.
Agency or Wholesale? The Role of Retail Pass-Through
Authors: Hu Honggang , Zheng Quan , Pan Xiajun Amy 
Published: March 2022

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, agency selling is currently gaining popularity among online retailers (e-tailers). Prior research implicitly abstracts away cross-brand pass-through under traditional wholesale selling (i.e., how the retail price of another brand adjusts to changes in a given brand’s wholesale price) and suggests that a shift to agency selling benefits e-tailers but harms suppliers. As an important counterweight to this result, we discover that an e-tailer’s choice regarding selling format is critically moderated by retail pass-through behavior. On the one hand, agency selling can improve channel efficiency compared with wholesale selling. On the other hand, the relative intensity of supplier competition between these two selling formats is ambiguous. We show that the existing result applies only for a nonnegative cross-brand pass-through rate (e.g., under linear demands); otherwise (e.g., under multiplicative or exponential demands), the opposite may hold. Interestingly, we find that the conflict over the preference of selling format may not arise, and that all channel members could be better off with wholesale selling. Compared with the case of Bertrand competition, the e-tailer is even more likely to adopt wholesale selling under Cournot competition. Finally, under agency selling with an endogenous commission fee, we advise caution regarding the seemingly innocuous normalization of suppliers’ marginal costs. Surprisingly, suppliers may benefit from higher marginal costs. Overall, our findings not only shed light on the theory of agency selling but also provide a plausible explanation for the observation that wholesale selling continues to prevail in online markets. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Development of a laser heterodyne radiometer for regional methane leak
detection
Authors: Sappey Andrew D. , Masterson Bernard P. , Howell James 
Published: March 2022

We have developed and tested a laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) for detecting methane
leaks from upstream oil and gas infrastructure and landfills that uses
the Sun as the signal light source, demonstrating here sensitivity
sufficient to detect “super-emitter” leaks (

>

50

k
g

/

h

, 1166 slm). Tracking optics follow
the Sun during its apparent daily transit across the sky, and the
system collects direct absorption data and optionally the 1f and

2
f

wavelength modulation spectroscopy
(WMS) signals. The direct absorption data are processed in real time
using a retrieval algorithm with a 5 s update rate to reveal the
methane concentration versus altitude for each measurement line of
sight. The

1
f

and

2
f

WMS signals are significantly
non-intuitive because of the dramatic change in the methane lineshape
as a function of pressure (altitude) but may ultimately provide useful
information for leak localization. We describe herein modifications to
the RF detection train and data collection system that allow faster
and higher signal-to-noise ratio measurements. Preliminary results
suggest that leaks giving rise to methane concentrations of the order
of 500 ppm-m can be effectively detected—sensitivity similar to
current satellites with more continuous temporal coverage and areal
coverage of the order of 100s of

k
m

2

for relatively low cost. We outline a
method of using an array of LHRs to localize the leak using lineshape
information and tomographic reconstruction techniques that will be
tested in future work.
Der Einfluss von menschlichen Denkmustern auf künstliche Intelligenz – Eine strukturierte Untersuchung von kognitiven Verzerrungen
Authors: Herm Lukas-Valentin , Janiesch Christian , Fuchs Patrick 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) dringt vermehrt in sensible Bereiche des alltäglichen menschlichen Lebens ein. Es werden nicht mehr nur noch einfache Entscheidungen durch intelligente Systeme getroffen, sondern zunehmend auch komplexe Entscheidungen. So entscheiden z. B. intelligente Systeme, ob Bewerber in ein Unternehmen eingestellt werden sollen oder nicht. Oftmals kann die zugrundeliegende Entscheidungsfindung nur schwer nachvollzogen werden und ungerechtfertigte Entscheidungen können dadurch unerkannt bleiben, weshalb die Implementierung einer solchen KI auch häufig als sogenannte Blackbox bezeichnet wird. Folglich steigt die Bedrohung, durch unfaire und diskriminierende Entscheidungen einer KI benachteiligt behandelt zu werden. Resultieren diese Verzerrungen aus menschlichen Handlungen und Denkmustern spricht man von einer kognitiven Verzerrung oder einem kognitiven Bias. Aufgrund der Neuigkeit dieser Thematik ist jedoch bisher nicht ersichtlich, welche verschiedenen kognitiven Bias innerhalb eines KI-Projektes auftreten können. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, anhand einer strukturierten Literaturanalyse, eine gesamtheitliche Darstellung zu ermöglichen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden anhand des in der Praxis weit verbreiten Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) Modell aufgearbeitet und klassifiziert. Diese Betrachtung zeigt, dass der menschliche Einfluss auf eine KI in jeder Entwicklungsphase des Modells gegeben ist und es daher wichtig ist „mensch-ähnlichen“ Bias in einer KI explizit zu untersuchen.
Quo Vadis: Auf dem Weg zu Ethik-Guidelines für den Einsatz KI-basierter Lern-Companions in der Lehre?
Authors: Schlimbach Ricarda , Khosrawi-Rad Bijan , Robra-Bissantz Susanne 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBegünstigt durch die wachsende Relevanz digitaler Unterstützungsangebote für das Lehren und Lernen, bspw. in Schulen und Universitäten, gewinnt der Forschungszweig der Conversational Agents im Bildungskontext an Bedeutung. Sogenannte Lern-Companions, also virtuelle Lern-Gefährten, bieten das Potenzial einer nutzeradaptiven sowie örtlich und zeitlich flexiblen Lernbegleitung. Da mit der Anwendung derart neuartiger Zukunftstechnologien ein hohes ethisches Verantwortungsbewusstsein einhergeht, diskutiert dieser Beitrag Chancen und Herausforderungen durch den Einsatz von Lern-Companions aus ethischer Perspektive. Basierend auf einer qualitativen Studie mit sechs Experten sowie der Diskussion der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse mit bestehender Literatur zeigt dieser Artikel sieben praktische Handlungsempfehlungen zur Gestaltung virtueller Lern-Companions aus einem ethischen Blickwinkel auf und adressiert dabei unter anderem den Umgang mit Ethik-Guidelines, aktive Nutzereinbindung und Bildungsgerechtigkeit.
First-trimester exposure to benzodiazepines and risk of congenital malformations in offspring: A population-based cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Noh Yunha , Lee Hyesung , Choi Ahhyung , Kwon Jun Soo , Choe Seung-Ah , Chae Jungmi , Kim Dong-Sook , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBenzodiazepines are frequently prescribed during pregnancy; however, evidence about possible teratogenicity is equivocal. We aimed to evaluate the association between first-trimester benzodiazepine use and the risk of major congenital malformations.Methods and findingsUsing Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, we conducted a population-based cohort study of women who gave birth during 2011 to 2018 and their live-born infants. The exposure was defined as one or more benzodiazepine prescriptions during the first trimester. We determined the relative risks (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of overall congenital malformations and 12 types of organ-specific malformations. Infants were followed from birth to death or 31 December 2019, whichever came first (up to 8 years of age). Propensity score fine stratification was employed to control for 45 potential confounders. Among a total of 3,094,227 pregnancies, 40,846 (1.3%) were exposed to benzodiazepines during the first trimester (mean [SD] age, 32.4 [4.1] years). The absolute risk of overall malformations was 65.3 per 1,000 pregnancies exposed to benzodiazepines versus 51.4 per 1,000 unexposed pregnancies. The adjusted RR was 1.09 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.13,p< 0.001) for overall malformations and 1.15 (1.10 to 1.21,p< 0.001) for heart defects. Based on mean daily lorazepam-equivalent doses, the adjusted RRs for overall malformations and heart defects were 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12,p= 0.077) and 1.12 (1.04 to 1.21,p= 0.004) for <1 mg/day and 1.26 (1.17 to 1.36,p< 0.001) and 1.31 (1.19 to 1.45,p< 0.001) for >2.5 mg/day doses, respectively, suggesting a dose–response relationship. A small but significant increase in risk for overall and heart defects was detected with several specific agents (range of adjusted RRs: 1.08 to 2.43). The findings were robust across all sensitivity analyses, and negative control analyses revealed a null association. Study limitations include possible exposure misclassification, residual confounding, and restriction to live births.ConclusionsIn this large nationwide cohort study, we found that first-trimester benzodiazepine exposure was associated with a small increased risk of overall malformations and heart defects, particularly at the higher daily dose. The absolute risks and population attributable fractions were modest. The benefits of benzodiazepines for their major indications must be considered despite the potential risks; if their use is necessary, the lowest effective dosage should be prescribed to minimize the risk.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04856436.
Public opinion concerning governments’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Cathy W. S. , Fan Tsai-Hung 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Governments around the world have implemented numerous policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines the political issues resulting in public opinion concerning their responses to the pandemic via an international perspective. The objectives of this study are to: (1) measure the association and determine whether differences in political support can be attributed to the presence of approval ratings during the pandemic, and to (2) identify exceptional cases based on statistical predictions.

Methods
We collect information from several open-sourced surveys conducted between June and September 2020 of public sentiment concerning governments’ response toward COVID-19. The 11 countries in our sample account for over 50% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study includes country-specific random effects to take into account the data’s clustered structure. We consider “political partisanship” and “pre-pandemic approval ratings in 2019” as two potential explanatory variables and employ a mix-effect regression for bounded responses via variable transformation and the wild bootstrap resampling method.

Results
According to the wild bootstrap method, the mixed-effect regression explains 98% of the variation in approval ratings during the pandemic in September 2020. The findings reveal partisan polarization on COVID-19 policies in the U.S., with opposing supporters most likely to express negative sentiments toward the governing party.

Conclusions
The evidence suggests that approval ratings during the pandemic correlate to differences in political support and pre-pandemic approval ratings, as measured by approval ratings from the views between governing coalition supporters and opponents.
Effect of statins on risk and mortality of urologic malignancies: Protocol of an umbrella review
Authors: Zhai Xinyu , Yi Pengsheng , Wang Xitao , Wang Haifeng , Yang Xuejun , Mei Zubing , Ge Minyao 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Urologic malignancies are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in men over 40 years old, accounting for more than 20% of all malignant tumors. Several meta-analyses are shown that statin exposure can reduce the morbidity and mortality of various urologic cancers. The adjuvant roles of statin in tumor prevention and anti-tumor activity are now being gradually recognized and have gained attention. Nevertheless, to date, multiple clinical studies and meta-analyses found inconsistent results of their anti-cancer effects. This study aims to evaluate the credibility of the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assessed the effects of statin exposure for the incidence and mortality of urologic cancers through an umbrella review.

Methods and analysis
The guidance of overviews of systematic reviews reported in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of interventions will be followed while performing and reporting this umbrella review. This project was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number of CRD42020208854. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library will be searched for systematic reviews to identify and appraise systematic reviews or meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies examining statin use and the risks of urologic cancer incidence and mortality without language restriction. The search will be carried out on 10 February 2022. Systematic reviews based on qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies will be involved and critically evaluated by two authors using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2, an updated version of AMSTAR) tool. We will determine the level of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) tool. The summary effect estimates will be calculated using random-effects models. Between- study heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic. Furthermore, we will also assess the evidence of excess significance bias and evidence of small study effects.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not required as we will search and gather data based on the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We plan to publish the results of this umbrella review in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at a urological disease conference. All the relevant additional data will also be uploaded to the online open access databases.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020208854.
Symptom clusters in chronic kidney disease and their association with people’s ability to perform usual activities
Authors: Moore Currie , Santhakumaran Shalini , Martin Glen P. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Caskey Fergus J. , Magadi Winnie , Gair Rachel , Smith Alice C. , Wellsted David , van der Veer Sabine N. 
Published: March 2022

Background
People living with a long-term condition, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), often suffer from multiple symptoms simultaneously, making symptom management challenging. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters in adults with CKD across treatment groups and investigate their association with people’s ability to perform their usual activities.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of both cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected as part of a national service improvement programme in 14 kidney centres in England, UK. This data included symptom severity (17 items, POS-S Renal) and the extent to which people had problems performing their usual activities (single item, EQ-5D-5L). We categorised data by treatment group: haemodialysis (n = 1,462), transplantation (n = 866), peritoneal dialysis (n = 127), or CKD without kidney replacement therapy (CKD non-KRT; n = 684). We used principal component analysis to identify symptom clusters per treatment group, and proportional odds models to assess the association between clusters and usual activities.

Results
Overall, clusters related to: lack of energy and mobility; gastrointestinal; skin; and mental health. Across groups, the ‘lack of energy and mobility’ clusters were associated with having problems with usual activities, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.57) for haemodialysis and 1.56 for peritoneal dialysis (95% CI, 1.28–1.90). This association was confirmed longitudinally in haemodialysis (n = 399) and transplant (n = 249) subgroups.

Implications
Our findings suggest that healthcare professionals should consider routinely assessing symptoms in the ‘lack of energy & mobility’ cluster in all people with CKD, regardless of whether they volunteer this information; not addressing these symptoms is likely to be related to them having problems with performing usual activities. Future studies should explore why symptoms within clusters commonly co-occur and how they interrelate. This will inform the development of cluster-level symptom management interventions with enhanced potential to improve outcomes for people with CKD.