bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Protection for Migrant Workers in China
Authors: Liu Tao , ten Brink Tobias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne cornerstone of the economic miracle China experienced after 1978 was domestic migrant labour. Through the incremental liberalisation of migration control, rural residents had been allowed to move to urban coastal areas. This chapter is centred on the issue of social protection for migrant workers. First, we look at the origins of the problem, which lie in the household registration system. Second, we describe how during the first phase of economic reform, migrant workers were precluded from participating in urban welfare, and were inadequately protected by rudimentary rural welfare. Third, we then show how, under national and international pressure to alleviate the situation for migrant workers, social protection for this group has been expanded to a certain degree.
Differentiation of Welfare Rights for Migrants in Western Countries from 1970 to Present
Authors: Römer Friederike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing comparative data for nineteen OECD countries for the years 1980–2018, the chapter shows that the welfare rights of non-naturalised immigrants continue to be differentiated along residency status and benefit type. Permanent migrants enjoy more rights than temporary ones, and access to social assistance is more restricted than access to unemployment insurance. Furthermore, over the last fifty years, immigrant welfare rights have undergone both restrictions and expansions. Differences between countries can to some extent be attributed to welfare regime characteristics: countries that are more generous towards their citizens tend to grant more rights to immigrants. Within countries, restrictions often stem from the increasing influence of populist radical right parties, but in some instances, they were also part of larger-scale retrenchment reforms by other parties.
The Coalition Between Medical Doctors and the Military: On the Establishment of Public Health in Chile, 1870–1939
Authors: González de Reufels Delia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the interdependency between military rivalries and the exchange of ideas across national borders, while the complex causal mechanism at play relates to the “able man mechanism” (Obinger et al., Introduction: Studying the Warfare-Welfare Nexus. In Warfare and Welfare: Military Conflict and Welfare State Development in Western Countries, ed. Herbert Obinger, Klaus Petersen, and Peter Starke, 1–35. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). At the centre is the strategic coalition between Chilean military and the medical profession and its effects on the field of public health. Both, the military and the medical profession, had realised that poor health of soldiers jeopardised military success and weakened national defence as well as national productivity. This insight, however, was the result of the rise of medicine as a discipline that led to a re-interpretation of health as a resource of the state and established state responsibility for the health of national citizens.
Between Aspiration and Reality: The Effect of the French Colonial Legacy on Old-Age Pension Coverage in Africa
Authors: Grünewald Aline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen implementing their first old-age pensions after independence, all former French colonies opted for a social insurance design, following the role model of their colonial power (Schmitt, Social Security Development and the Colonial Legacy. World Development 70: 2015, 332–342). But to what extent did the French colonial legacy also affect other dimensions of old-age protection programmes in Africa? This chapter shows that most Francophone African countries used the broad definition of a wage worker enshrined in the colonial “Labour Code for Overseas Territories” from 1952 to define the group of pension beneficiaries. This definition was especially chosen in aspiration of industrialisation. However, it did not correspond with the socio-economic reality of most of these countries. Still today, the number of wage workers in former French colonies is low, hampering a broader coverage of pension systems.
Nachhaltigkeit in der Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft
Authors: Kannengießer Sigrid 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Anliegen des dieses Buch abschließenden Kapitels ist dreigeteilt: In einem ersten Teilkapitel werden die bis hierher ausgeführten Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und -gedacht. Dafür wird das Konzept der konsumkritischen Medienpraktiken entlang seiner theoretischen Dimensionen pointiert erläutert, indem die Ergebnisse der hier präsentierten Studie in aller Kürze dargestellt werden. Dabei bildet die Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstandes zur Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation und dem Bereich, der sich in einem interdisziplinären Forschungsfeld bezogen auf Medien(Kommunikation) mit der Frage nach dem „guten Leben“ beschäftigt, die Folie dieser Diskussion. Mit der Zusammenfassung der bisherigen Ausführungen wird schließlich die hier gestellte Forschungsfrage beantwortet und dem identifizierten Forschungsdesiderat begegnet. Damit ist das Anliegen dieser Publikation jedoch noch nicht erfüllt. Vielmehr wird in einem weiteren Teilkapitel argumentiert, dass Nachhaltigkeit ein Querschnittsthema der Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft ist und aus seiner Nische heraustreten muss. In diesem Zusammenhang wird eine Verantwortung der Kommunikations- und Medienforschung postuliert, die in digitalen Gesellschaften in Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit ausgemacht wird: Es gilt, mit einer kritischen Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft die Herausforderungen und Probleme digitaler Gesellschaften zu analysieren und zu verstehen und diese sichtbar zu machen. Auf dieser Grundlage können dann gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozesse aufbauen – nicht zuletzt solche, die auf eine nachhaltige Gesellschaft und ein „gutes Leben“ zielen.
Thematischer Kontext: Polizeiliche Präventionsarbeit
Authors: Kepura Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser empirischen Forschungsarbeit wird die polizeiliche Präventionsarbeit untersucht. Dazu ist es erforderlich, das Forschungsfeld abzustecken. Das geschieht durch eine Beschreibung von Funktionsbereichen der Polizei, die sich einerseits intensiv mit jungen Menschen befassen und andererseits präventiv wirksam werden sollen. Zuvor wird die Grundstruktur der Polizei in Deutschland sowie deren Rolle und Selbstverständnis erläutert. Polizeiliches Handeln gilt gemeinhin als Inbegriff der Ausübung von Staatsgewalt. In der Präventionsarbeit treffen pädagogische Vermittlungsansprüche und polizeiliche Durchsetzungsansprüche von Normen zusammen. Vom repressiven Charakter genuin polizeilicher Arbeit dürfte eine große Strahlkraft ausgehen, zumindest auf die Wahrnehmung präventiver Aktivitäten. Die sich daraus ergebenden Herausforderungen werden einerseits durch Annährungen an die polizeiliche Zwangsausübung und andererseits an der Relevanz pädagogischer Macht deutlich.
Methodischer Zugang
Authors: Kepura Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDiese Untersuchung nimmt das Handeln von Polizeibeamtinnen und Polizeibeamten in der Präventionsarbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen in den Blick. Bezogen auf die Forschungsfrage bedarf es daher der Rekonstruktion der berufsbezogenen sozialen Wirklichkeit der Akteurinnen und Akteure dieses Handlungsfeldes. Von Interesse sind die kollektiven empirischen Erkenntnisse über diese Arbeit mit jungen Menschen. In diesem Kapitel erfolgen die methodologische Verortung der Forschungsarbeit und die Darstellung des methodischen Vorgehens im Forschungsprozess. Dazu wird zunächst die Einordnung der Untersuchung in das qualitativ-rekonstruktive Forschungsparadigma begründet. Anschließend werden die Gruppendiskussion als Datenerhebungsmethode und die Dokumentarische Methode als Auswertungsmethode beschrieben. Die Vorstellung der Zusammenstellung des Samples schließt dieses Kapitel ab.
Introduction
Authors: Nakao Seiji , Harada Hidenori , Yamauchi Taro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a new vision to establish an adequate and equitable sanitation system and require more consideration on the basis of the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. Despite these directions, the establishment of global sanitation in low- and middle-income countries has been challenging, and the socio-cultural aspects, especially the interconnections of socio-culture with materials and health, are overlooked. In this context, an interdisciplinary approach including humanities and social sciences is necessary based on the understanding that sanitation is embedded in society. In terms of the interconnection between socio-culture and materials, sanitation requires social relations to function its service chain, and in the interconnections between socio-culture and health, the risk of health by inadequate sanitation is socially allocated unevenly. In other words, an adequate and equitable sanitation system involves appropriate interconnections between the three components of sanitation (social-culture, health, and materials). Therefore, this chapter presents the concept of the “Sanitation Triangle” as an interdisciplinary framework by focusing on the relationship between the three elements.
Social Integration and Acceptance of Emerging Sanitation Infrastructure in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Taku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAvailability and sustainable management of the sewerage system are extremely important as sanitation infrastructure to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6. Japan has become a depopulated society since 2010, and therefore sewerage systems in Japan will face difficulties because of the decrease in human resources, deterioration of the facilities, and limited budgets. Although innovative sanitation technologies to overcome these issues are strongly required, various barriers inhibit the development, implementation, and technology diffusion. The author and his research group have developed “dual dissolved oxygen control system in oxidation ditch process” through three-way university–industry–government partnerships. This chapter summarizes the history of the development, social acceptance, and expansion to other cities of the technology and analyzes the social integration and acceptance process. The key elements behind the success of this project are as follows: (1) enthusiasm of all stakeholders toward the shared goal, (2) win-win relationships among stakeholders and respect for each other, (3) research and development considering future applications and technology diffusion, (4) participation of local governments as important stakeholders, (5) agreement of the municipal parliament of Konan City, and (6) registration of the technology to “JS Innovation Program,” by Japan Sewage Works Agency.
Interactions Between Health and Socio-Culture in Sanitation
Authors: Yamauchi Taro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis part discusses sanitation from the perspectives of health and well-being. In particular, we focus on the socio-cultural aspects of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in relation to health. First, we discuss the social determinants of health (SDH) with an in-depth focus on the gender, cultural, and economic disparities that impact access to quality sanitation. We also spotlight sanitation workers, who play a significant part in existing sanitation systems yet unquantified and ostracized. Furthermore, as theoretical underpinnings, we review methodologies to behavioral changes including information dissemination, education approach, and community-based approach. Subsequently, we introduce the three chapters that constitute this part. Chapter 10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_7 examines relationships between child health (e.g., undernutrition and diarrhea) and its associated factors (e.g., water, sanitation, and hand hygiene) in Indonesia. In Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_8, we argue the transfer of health risks in sanitation and its social allocation (i.e., genders) in Vietnam. Finally, in Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_9, we introduce Participatory Action Research (PAR) involving local children and youth in tackling WASH issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (Zambia). In the end, we reemphasize SDH by mentioning socio-cultural aspects of health and attitudinal and behavioral changes on WASH in society through community-based approach.
Influence of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) on Children’s Health in an Urban Slum in Indonesia
Authors: Yamauchi Taro , Otsuka Yumiko , Agestika Lina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene are key contributors to deteriorating child health in low- and middle-income countries. This chapter focuses on (1) evaluating child health and nutritional status; (2) clarifying the factors contributing to undernutrition and diarrhea prevalence by focusing on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and (3) evaluating fecal contamination and children’s hand hygiene. The study was conducted at a preschool and two elementary schools in densely populated Bandung, Indonesia, targeting children and their caretakers, using anthropometric measurements, handwashing observation, hand bacteria testing, and questionnaires. The results showed that not using a towel after handwashing was significantly associated with increased risk of stunting. Children from households using tap water instead of tank water as drinking water suffered from increased risk of stunting and thinness. Moreover, children from households using open containers for water storage were associated with increased risk of diarrhea. Most children (98.7%) had hand fecal contamination, with girls having significantly less Escherichia coli (E. coli) than boys. E. coli counts were negatively correlated with handwashing technique, handwashing with soap, and a developed WASH index. The findings suggest that successful home drinking water management and proper personal hygiene practices are important for attaining better child health.
Participatory Action Research for WASH by Children and Youth in Peri-Urban Communities
Authors: Nyambe Sikopo , Kataoka Yoshimi , Harada Hidenori , Yamauchi Taro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the study of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and its related health impact, it is imperative to understand the people and their respective environments to ensure lasting improvements in their quality of life. To explore this theme, this chapter provides details of a Participatory action research (PAR) conducted with members of Dziko Langa, a children and youth club, based in two peri-urban settlements in Lusaka, Zambia. The study was aimed at collaborative examination and intervention alongside club members, focusing on health and sociocultural aspects relating to WASH within their communities. The chapter is divided into three parts: (1) peri-urban WASH assessment and intervention through participatory approaches, (2) development of a quantitative self-assessment methodology for fecal contamination in their living environment, and (3) visualization approaches for community and stakeholder engagement. Through collaborative studies such as these, we can further explore the abilities of local communities to independently measure the health levels of their environment, identify WASH priorities, engage with stakeholders and policymakers, and share their findings for the betterment of the broader community.
Shockwaves in black hole microstate geometries
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha , Rawash Sami , Turton David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gravitational solutions involving shockwaves have attracted significant recent interest in the context of black holes and quantum chaos. Certain classes of supersymmetric two-charge black hole microstates are described by supergravity solutions containing shockwaves, that are horizonless and smooth away from the shockwave. These configurations have been used to describe how black hole microstates absorb and scramble perturbations. In this paper we construct the first family of asymptotically flat supersymmetric three-charge microstate solutions that contain shockwaves. We identify a family of holographically dual states of the D1-D5 CFT and show that these pass a set of tests, including a precision holographic test. We find precise agreement between gravity and CFT. Our results may prove useful for constructing more general families of black hole microstate solutions.
Happiness feels light and sadness feels heavy: introducing valence-related bodily sensation maps of emotions
Authors: Hartmann Matthias , Lenggenhager Bigna , Stocker Kurt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBodily sensation mapping (BSM) is a recently developed self-report tool for the assessment of emotions in which people draw their sensations of activation in a body silhouette. Following the circumplex model of affect, activity and valence are the underling dimensions of every emotional experience. The aim of this study was to introduce the neglected valence dimension in BSM. We found that participants systematically report valence-related sensations of bodily lightness for positive emotions (happiness, love, pride), and sensations of bodily heaviness in response to negative emotions (e.g., anger, fear, sadness, depression) with specific body topography (Experiment 1). Further experiments showed that both computers (using a machine learning approach) and humans recognize emotions better when classification is based on the combined activity- and valence-related BSMs compared to either type of BSM alone (Experiments 2 and 3), suggesting that both types of bodily sensations reflect distinct parts of emotion knowledge. Importantly, participants found it clearer to indicate their bodily sensations induced by sadness and depression in terms of bodily weight than bodily activity (Experiment 2 and 4), suggesting that the added value of valence-related BSMs is particularly relevant for the assessment of emotions at the negative end of the valence spectrum.
Three-year functional outcome after open pelvic fracture treatment: a retrospective case series from a level I trauma center
Authors: Yu Yi-Hsun , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao , Liu Chang-Heng , Tseng I.-Chuan , Chen I.-Jung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Open pelvic fractures have high mortality rates, and survivors may have ongoing functional deficits from severe trauma and invasive life-saving procedures. However, there are limited reports regarding the functional status evaluation following open pelvic fractures. We aimed to report the treatment experiences and short-term functional outcomes of patients with open pelvic fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 19 consecutive patients with pelvic fractures who underwent treatment at a single institute between January 2014 and June 2018. The resuscitation protocol, osteosynthesis strategy, reduction quality of the pelvic ring, and functional outcomes were analyzed.

Results
The incidence and mortality rates in patients with open pelvic fractures were 4.9 and 21.6%, respectively. Ten, one, and seven of the open wounds related to the pelvic fractures were located in Faringer zones I, II, and III, respectively. Fractures of four patients were categorized as classes 1 and 2, and those of 11 patients as class 3, according to the Jones–Powell classification. Eleven of 19 (57.9%) and 9 of 19 (47.5%) revealed excellent reduction quality by Matta/Torenetta and Lefaivre criteria, respectively. The Merle d'Aubigné score improved at each evaluation but stagnated after 24 months. The Majeed hip score also improved at the 12-month evaluation but the improvement stopped thereafter. At a 3-year follow-up, the patients with excellent reduction of the pelvic ring showed the highest functional performances.

Conclusion
Improvements in functional status of patients with open pelvic fractures can be anticipated based on the reduction quality of the pelvis ring.
Transitionspsychiatrie – ein Definitionsversuch mit Praxisbezug
Authors: Schrank Beate 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Transitionspsychiatrie stellt sich den spezifischen psychischen Herausforderungen der Aufgaben und Prozesse des Erwachsenwerdens vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels. Die entsprechende Forschung untersucht Risikofaktoren für psychische Erkrankungen und protektive Faktoren für ein gesundes Erwachsenwerden sowie Möglichkeiten und Interventionen, psychisch gesundes Erwachsenwerden und die gesellschaftliche Integration junger Menschen zu fördern.
Klimaschutz i.e.S. nach dem Ampel-Koalitionsvertrag: Ökostromausbau und früherer Kohleausstieg
Authors: Frenz Walter 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Koalitionsvertrag zwischen SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP “Mehr Fortschritt
wagen. Bündnis für Freiheit, Gerechtigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit” vom 24.11.2021 enthält
wichtige Eckpunkte, welche die künftige Entwicklung für den Klimaschutz in Deutschland maßgeblich
prägen werden. Für das Naturschutzrecht besonders interessant sind die Lösungsansätze
für den Konflikt zwischen Windkraft und Artenschutz.
Women Leadership, Culture, and Islam: Female Voices from Jordan
Authors: Koburtay Tamer , Abuhussein Tala , Sidani Yusuf M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the experiences of female leaders considering the interplay of gender, religion, and culture. Drawing on an inductive-qualitative study, the paper examines perceptions regarding the role of religion and cultural norms in women’s ascension into leadership positions in Jordan. The results indicated that Jordanian women leaders adopted an Islamic feminist worldview and did not embrace a liberal nor a socialist/Marxist feminist worldview. Women leaders seemed wanting to claim their religion back from those forces that are reportedly holding their aspirations hostage to monolithic interpretations of religious texts. By constantly referring to their religion, female leaders wanted to be granted spaces of trust and responsibility in leadership positions that they did not see contradictory to the way they understood their faith. The paper provides insights into how women leaders understand prejudicial stereotypes and discrimination in their society, explaining how those are linked to patriarchal socio-cultural traditions emphasizing male control.
Biased Humans, (Un)Biased Algorithms?
Authors: Pethig Florian , Kroenung Julia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that algorithmic decisions can reflect gender bias. The increasingly widespread utilization of algorithms in critical decision-making domains (e.g., healthcare or hiring) can thus lead to broad and structural disadvantages for women. However, women often experience bias and discrimination through human decisions and may turn to algorithms in the hope of receiving neutral and objective evaluations. Across three studies (N = 1107), we examine whether women’s receptivity to algorithms is affected by situations in which they believe that their gender identity might disadvantage them in an evaluation process. In Study 1, we establish, in an incentive-compatible online setting, that unemployed women are more likely to choose to have their employment chances evaluated by an algorithm if the alternative is an evaluation by a man rather than a woman. Study 2 generalizes this effect by placing it in a hypothetical hiring context, and Study 3 proposes that relative algorithmic objectivity, i.e., the perceived objectivity of an algorithmic evaluator over and against a human evaluator, is a driver of women’s preferences for evaluations by algorithms as opposed to men. Our work sheds light on how women make sense of algorithms in stereotype-relevant domains and exemplifies the need to provide education for those at risk of being adversely affected by algorithmic decisions. Our results have implications for the ethical management of algorithms in evaluation settings. We advocate for improving algorithmic literacy so that evaluators and evaluatees (e.g., hiring managers and job applicants) can acquire the abilities required to reflect critically on algorithmic decisions.