bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Porosity in Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Through an Innovative 3-Dimensional Simulation of the Coating Build-Up
Authors: Beauvais S. , Guipont V. , N'Guyen F. , Jeandin M. , Jeulin D. , Robisson A. , Saenger R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Porosity is a key feature of thermally-sprayed coating microstructure. Porosity is made of pores and cracks of various orientations. Both pores and cracks can be intralamellar or interlamellar due to coating build-up which leads to lamellae from impinging of droplets. Pores are interconnected with cracks, which results in a 3-dimensional porosity network. Direct observation of this network is intricate and remains somewhat limited. A 3-dimensional simulation of this network was therefore developed in this work based on the building-up of objects which simulated the lamellae in the sprayed microstructure. These objects were constructed from morphological measurements using confocal microscopy of actual lamellae, i.e. “splats”, obtained from “linescan”-typed plasma-sprayed experiments. This simulation, in the lamella building-up, involves randomly cracks and pores the characteristics of which (i.e. content, orientation, size, …) were determined from thorough quantitative image analysis of cross-section plasma-sprayed alumina microstructures. Using 3-dimensional images resulting from the simulation, finite element calculations were performed to study dielectric properties of plasma-sprayed alumina as a function of porosity. The influence of anisotropy is discussed in particular and calculated values compared to experimental values.
The Formation Behavior of Thermal Sprayed TiO2 Coatings Using Agglomerated Nano-Powders
Authors: Yasuoka Junichi , Nakade Katsuyuki , Ohmori Akira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
TiO2 coatings were prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying using agglomerated nano-TiO2 powders (200nm, 30nm and 7nm). The effects of spraying conditions on microstructure, anatase phase ratio, coating thickness have been investigated and then photo-catalytic properties were also evaluated. Although the anatase phase ratio decreased drastically with increasing fuel gas pressure in the case of agglomerated 7nm-powders (P7 powders), while higher anatase ratio could be obtained in the case of agglomerated 200nm and 30nm powders (P200 and P30 powders). Especially, anatase ratio more than 70% and thickness greater than 30µm could be achieved when 30nm-agglomerated powders (P30 powders) were sprayed. This means that 30nm agglomerated powders have lower susceptibility to heat. It was assumed that approximately 30nm particle was the limit size and optimum size for HVOF spraying. These coatings showed photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). As a result of experiments, TiO2 coating formed by HVOF spraying using 30nm powder showed higher decomposition rate because of higher anatase ratio.
Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured Titania Coatings with Al Addition
Authors: Chwa S.O. , Klein D. , Coddet C. , Bertrand G. , Liao H. , Toma F.L. , Ohmori A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
TiO2 and TiO2-Al composites coatings were prepared by plasma spraying using a reconstituted nanosized feedstock via a spray drying method. Effects of various spray conditions on the microstructure, porosity, microhardness and wear resistance related to the mechanical performance of coatings were evaluated. The coatings sprayed at relatively low plasma power were composed of two distinct microstructures of well defined lamellar structure, similar to microstructure of conventional plasma sprayed coatings typically observed from fully melted particles, and embedded nano or sub-micron particles originated from partial/non-molten particles of feedstock materials. The fraction of partial/non-molten particles in coating layers was increased by Al additive. Such a characteristic of blended microstructure of coatings was clearly confirmed from a bimodal distribution of microhardness described by Weibull plots. The optimized addition of Al into TiO2 improved mechanical properties such as microhardness and wear resistance.
Microstructure and Properties of Al2O3/YAG Nano Composite Coating Prepared by Plasma Spray
Authors: Suzuki M. , Sodeoka S. , Inoue T. , Murakami T. , Sasaki S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nano-dispersed α-Al2O3/YAG composite coatings were successfully obtained by plasma spraying of the granulated Al2O3/Y2O3 powder, and the post heat treatment. The as-sprayed coating was composed of an amorphous phase, metastable Y-Al-O solid solution. After the heat treatment around 1473K, two crystalline phases, α-Al2O3 and YAG, precipitated, so that the fine dispersed Al2O3/YAG composite coatings were formed. The sizes of the precipitates could be widely controlled by time and temperature of the heat treatment. Hardness and wear property were evaluated in this nano-structured CMC coating.
Wear Characteristics of Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Tao Shunyan , Liang Bo , Ding Chuanxian , Liao Hanlin , Coddet Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Reconstituted nanostructured and conventional yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spray. The tribological properties of the coatings against 100C6 steel were evaluated with a ball-on-disc configuration under dry friction conditions at room temperature. Microstructure and the phase composition of the powders and the coatings were examined using SEM, optical microscope (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microhardness, Young’s modulus and fracture toughness of coatings were measured by indentation test. Results showed that the wear resistance of the coatings produced using the nanostructured powder is improved compared with the coating produced using the conventional powder. The wear rates of nanostructured zirconia coatings are about four-fifths of those of conventional counterparts under a load of 5 N. The wear mechanism is also discussed.
Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Berndt C.C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nanostructured materials and nanocomposites have the potential to have a dramatic impact on technological progress in the 21st century. Of great interest, is the outstanding deformation behavior of nanostructured materials and nanocomposites. In this study, the fatigue and mechanical properties of HVOF sprayed nanostructured and conventional WC-Co coatings were investigated. High velocity oxy-fuel process was used to spray the WC-12Co from a feedstock in which the WC phase was mainly in the micron size range (conventional) or contains a significant fraction of nanosized grains (multimodal).The fatigue strength of coatings deposited onto Aluminum alloy showed that the nanostructured WC-Co coated specimens exhibited higher fatigue strength compared to the conventional WC-Co coatings. Microhardness test was performed. Relationships between the microstructures and mechanical properties were discussed.
Titanium Oxide - New Opportunities for an Established Coating Material
Authors: Berger L.-M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extensive research activities were conducted over the last few years on coatings made of titanium oxide, an established material for thermally sprayed coating solutions. Multiple existing and potential applications are closely connected with the existence of different titanium dioxide modifications and the formation of suboxides. This provides a basis for discussions on the Ti-O phase diagram as well as the properties and conditions of formation of relevant phases. Coating microstructures, phase compositions and mechanical properties are discussed as a result of interactions of different spray powders in different spray conditions of atmospheric and vacuum plasma spraying (APS and VPS), as well as of high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying. The discussion on applications is focused on electrically conductive coatings, coatings with photocatalytic properties and coatings for wear applications.
Computer Tomography of Plasma Jets - Applied on a TRIPLEX II torch
Authors: Landes K.D. , Forster G. , Zierhut J. , Dzulko M. , Hawley D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For the effective development and optimization of plasma torches and plasma processes a knowledge of the spatial distribution of plasma properties within the generated plasma jets is useful. Information about some of these properties also in case of arbitrary distribution can be achieved by computer tomography (CT) using radiation emitted by the plasma jet. The stationarity of the plasma jet is a necessary condition for the CT technique described in this paper. By CT in principle the radiation from a small cross-sectional disk of the plasma jet is recorded successively under different directions perpendicular to the torch axis. From the recorded data the spatial distribution of radiation emissivity within the jet is calculated using an algebraic recursive algorithm. The CT was applied for the investigation of a TRIPLEX II plasma jet giving the following results: The jet is characterized by a very high degree of stationarity and exhibits a definite triple symmetry, which can be described by three partial plasma jets. Measuring their positions the influence of the arc current on the TRIPLEX plasma jet rotation was determined.
On a Prospective On-Line APS Process Control Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Guessasma S. , Montavon G. , Coddet C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
On-line process control appears today as a potential way to improve thermal spray coating quality and reliability. In order to reach that goal, several requirements are needed. Firstly, reliable sensors have to be developed to accurately diagnose in-flight particle characteristics but also some other parameters, such as coating surface temperature during spraying. Secondly, a robust command, linked to a model, is required to insure the stability of the control system. Finally, an extensive and representative database is required as reference. Several methodologies can be implemented to define such a structure. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and neuromimetic models, based for example on fuzzy logic, appear as an interesting way with a large potential of improvement to control non-linear systems, such as the thermal spray processes.
Experimental Investigation of the Splashing Processes at Impact in Plasma Sprayed Coating Formation
Authors: Cedelle J. , Vardelle M. , Pateyron B. , Fauchais P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to an experimental investigation of the different splashing phenomena (impact and flattening) when a plasma sprayed single particle impacts on a flat smooth substrate. This research is carried out using an imaging technique with a fast CCD camera aimed either parallel to the substrate for impact splashing or almost orthogonal to it for flattening splashing. The correlation of the image with the results of a set up allowing to determine particle in flight parameters just prior to their impact allows a better understanding of the splashing processes.
Surface Changes in Thermally Sprayed Hard Coatings by Wear of Different Abrasives
Authors: Vuoristo P. , Laurila J. , Mäntylä T. , Niemi K. , Rekola S. , Ahmaniemi S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed hard coatings, including tungsten carbide and chromium carbide cermets and other hard metallic materials, were studied in two types of wear tests. Surfaces of the coatings were worn by coarse and hard quartz sand in a rubber-wheel dry abrasion wear test, and by fine and soft kaolin abrasive in a wet slurry abrasion wear test. The aim of the work was to study how the surfaces retain their high polished finish and gloss, and the type of wearing of different coatings and materials. The results showed that coatings with hard tungsten carbides were worn preferentially by removal of the the binder material. Cermet coatings with softer chromium carbides, and with another types of uniform microstructures showed more uniform wear and better retained their glossy finish.
Thermomechanical Behaviour of Bimodal Structured Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Soltani R. , Coyle T.W. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During the past few years thermally sprayed ceramic coatings deposited from nanostructured feedstock powder have often demonstrated improved properties relative to coatings produced from convention powder. Nanostructured or bimodal structured ceramic coatings have been reported to exhibit better wear resistance and adhesion strength. For thermal barrier coatings, key properties include thermal conductivity and thermal stability. In this study thermomechanical properties of plasma sprayed, bimodal structured, yttria stabilized zirconia coatings were investigated. The thermal stability was examined by measuring the hardness and elastic modulus of free standing coating layers before and after heat treatments in air at 600-800 °C. The creep behaviour was investigated using free standing coating layers loaded in the four point bending configuration at temperatures of 1000 °C in air. The results for bimodal structured coatings have been compared with the behaviour of conventional plasma spray coatings under the same test conditions.
Effect of Interface Roughness on Internal Stress of Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Kawamura M. , Okado H. , Suzuki K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An investigation was carried out into the effect of the interface roughness between the metallic bond coat and the ceramic topcoat on internal stresses in a thermal sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC). To evaluate the effect of the interface roughness on the residual stress in the top coat, the specimens with two kinds of bondcoat roughness (rough type and smooth type) were prepared. The in-plane stresses of the specimens were measured with laboratory X-rays. The in-plane stresses for the both of the rough and smooth specimens were about 60MPa and independent of the roughness of the bond coat. Using high energy X-ray, the stress of the rough specimen was compressive and the stress of smooth specimen was tensile. This tendency is different from the result measured by laboratory X-ray. This difference in the stress value is coursed by the out-of-plane stress. Theses stresses in the topcoat were estimated by the hybrid method, that is to estimate out-of-plane stress using laboratory X-rays and high-energy synchrotron X-rays. As a result, the larger the roughness of the bond coat became the larger out-of-plane-stress become.
Diagnosis of a Faulty I/O Circuit Using PICA (Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis)
Authors: Song Peilin , McManus Moyra , Motika Franco , Steen Steven , Knebel Dan , Lee Julie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Picosecond imaging circuit analysis (PICA) is an advanced diagnostic technique that measures device switching activity on CMOS ICs through the backside of the die. Due to its relatively large field of view, it can quickly locate defects among large numbers of candidates. In this case study, the authors explain how they used PICA to identify a particular I/O circuit defect on the IBM System/390 G5 microprocessor. They also explain how they verified the diagnostic result using circuit simulations.
pn Junction Location Using an EBIC Technique in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Bunker Kristin Lee , Stark Terry J. , Batchelor Dale , Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Russell Phillip E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
STEM-EBIC imaging, a nano-characterization technique, has been used in the study of electrically active defects, minority carrier diffusion length, surface recombination velocity, and inhomogeneities in Si pn junctions. In this article, the authors explain how they developed and built a STEM-EBIC system, which they then used to determine the junction location of an InGaN quantum well LED. They also developed a novel FIB-based sample preparation method and a custom sample holder, facilitating the simultaneous collection of Z-contrast, EBIC, and energy dispersive spectroscopy images. The relative position of the pn junction with respect to the quantum well was found to be 19 ± 3 nm from the center of well.
ABCs of Photon Emission Microscopy
Authors: Bruce Michael R. , Bruce Victoria J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Photon emission microscopy (PEM) has proven to be a powerful tool for fault isolation and has adapted well to ongoing changes in technology and emerging needs. In this tutorial, the authors describe the fundamentals of photon emission, the essential elements of a typical PEM system, and the procedures involved in diagnosing various types of failures. They also classify a wide range of photon-emitting defects and explain how PEM is used for backside analysis of flip-chip packaged devices and for timing diagnostics.
Package Technology Challenges and the Role of the Sematech Assembly Analytical Forum
Authors: Samuelson Gay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Assembly Analytical Forum (AAF) is an organization under the auspices of the Sematech Quality Council. The AAF charter is to develop Packaging Analytical Roadmaps five to ten years into the future that are consistent with the International Technology Roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS). At ISTFA 2003, the AAF will convene with interested conference attendees to review, edit, and validate a white paper that will quantify critical gaps in the current suite of test, measurement, and characterization tools used in the semiconductor industry and provide recommendations on how to address them. The intent is to update the document biannually and review it in numerous industry venues to ensure its relevancy and utility. This article is somewhat of a preview to the Rev 0 AAF white paper.
Optoelectronic Device Failure Analysis
Authors: Barton Daniel L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the types of defects that occur in vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and the tools typically used to detect them and identify the cause. It describes the basic design and operation of VCSELs and explains that most failures are due to dislocations in the crystal structure of the materials from which the devices are made. Of the various methods used to analyze such defects, electroluminescence (EL) is by far the most powerful as demonstrated in several EL images included in the article. The article also discusses the use of EBIC analysis, FIB cross-sectioning, and thermally induced voltage alteration (TIVA).
Changes in sucrose and the VcADR gene induced sugar accumulation in blueberries during ripening and after chitosan treatment
Authors: Nguyen Chau Thi Thu , Yang Seung-Ok , Choi Won-Sil 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The sweetness of highbush blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is related to changes in sucrose and other primary sugar metabolites. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the fruit quality and sugar metabolism in the blueberry cultivars Brigitta and Elizabeth at three ripening stages and with a postharvest chitosan treatment to determine which factors are important in sugar metabolism in the two cultivars. METHODS: Blueberries were harvested at three ripening stages. Fully ripe fruit was treated with chitosan and kept at room temperature for 5 and 10 days. GC-MS was used to measure organic acids, individual sugars, and sugar derivatives. Gene expression was analysed using qPCR. RESULTS: Elizabeth fruit was less firm than Brigitta fruit, but contained more soluble solids. The sweeter taste of Elizabeth versus Brigitta was due to down-regulated VcINV, VcSPS, and VcADR transcription and increased sucrose concentration. Chitosan inhibited VcADR and VcINV transcription in Elizabeth, but activated these genes in Brigitta after 5 days of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Aldose reductase might be an essential enzyme in blueberry sugar metabolism. These findings support research on the mechanism of sugar accumulation in fruit during maturation and after postharvest treatments in blueberries.
Scheduling control method of Internet of things data uplink based on TS algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhao-Long 
Published: July 2022

In order to ensure the efficiency of link scheduling control and improve the accuracy and energy efficiency of scheduling control, a scheduling control method for Internet of things data uplink based on TS algorithm is proposed.The principle of tabu search algorithm is analyzed, and the scheduling control function of Internet of things data uplink is constructed. Tabu search algorithm is used to solve the scheduling control problem of Internet of things data uplink, and realize the scheduling control of Internet of things data uplink.The experimental results show that the scheduling control energy efficiency of the proposed method is as high as 10.4 bit/j, the link scheduling control packet loss rate of the proposed method is only 1.4%, and the scheduling control energy efficiency is as high as 10.4 bit/j, which can effectively improve the scheduling control accuracy and energy efficiency.
Jan Smuts’ Theory of Holism as an Uplifting Philosophy for Philosophical Counseling
Authors: Du Plessis Guy 
Published: July 2022

This article explores the utility of the philosopher and Commonwealth statesman General Jan Smuts’ theory of Holism within the context of philosophical practice. It is common practice that philosophical counsellors or practitioners apply the work of philosophers to inspire, educate and guide their counselees in the philosophical counseling process. In this essay we will briefly explore Smuts’ theory of Holism as a potentially uplifting philosophy which can be of use for philosophical practitioners to guide their counselees “for confronting problems of living." We highlight that Smuts’ contribution to philosophy and psychology is often not adequately credited, and it is therefore not surprising that, to the best of our knowledge, Smuts’ theory of Holism has not yet been discussed in the context of philosophical counseling. We begin the essay by providing a brief historical view and outline of Smuts’ theory of Holism, and his influence on Anglo-Saxon psychology. We then discuss several foundational concepts that underlie Smuts’ theory of Holism as articulated and developed in his book _Holism and Evolution._