bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O HIP HOP COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE INCLUSÃO E DE ENFRENTAMENTO DA DISCRIMINAÇÃO E DA SEGREGAÇÃO NA PERIFERIA DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Weller Wivian 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo discute a discriminação racial e a segregação socioespacial como uma das múltiplas faces da exclusão de jovens negros da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Analisa as rupturas biográficas, as experiências de deslocamento e as visões de mundo de jovens pertencentes ao movimento hip hop, destacando a contribuição dessa práxis políticomusical na elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento do racismo e de outras formas de discriminação, bem como na construção da identidade coletiva e na constituição de redes solidárias entre grupos da mesma geração. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: juventude, culturas juvenis, discriminação racial, segregação socioespacial, exclusão social. O HIP HOP COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE INCLUSÃO E DE ENFRENTAMENTO DA DISCRIMINAÇÃO E DA SEGREGAÇÃO NA PERIFERIA DE SÃO PAULO This article discusses racial discrimination and segregation as one of many facets of social exclusion among young blacks in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. It analyses biographical ruptures, experiences of displacement and the world views of young people related to the hip hop movement. The paper intends to demonstrate how the political and musical praxis contributes to the elaboration of strategies to overcome racisms and other forms of discrimination. Additionally, it shows the contribution of the musical praxis in the construction of a collective identity and solidarity networks between groups of the same generation. KEY-WORDS: youth, youth cultures, racial discrimination, segregation, social exclusion. LE HIP HOP COMME POSSIBILITE D’INCLUSION ET DE LUTTE CONTRE LA DISCRIMINATION ET LA SEGREGATION DANS LA PERIPHERIE DE SÃO PAULO Cet article analyse la discrimination raciale et la ségrégation socio spatiale comme l’une des multiples facettes de l’exclusion des jeunes Noirs de la région métropolitaine de Sao Paulo. Il analyse les ruptures biographiques, les expériences de déplacement et les visions du monde des jeunes qui appartiennent au mouvement hip hop, en mettant en évidence la contribution de cette praxis politico musicale à l’élaboration de stratégies de lutte contre le racisme et d’autres formes de discrimination, à la construction de l’identité collective et à la constitution de réseaux solidaires entre groupes de la même génération. MOTS-CLÉS: Jeunesse, cultures jeunes, discrimination raciale, ségrégation socio spatiale, exclusion sociale. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS E A FORMAÇÃO DE EXPECTATIVAS FAMILIARES E DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Barbosa Maria Ligia , Randall Laura 
Published: August 2022

O artigo procura analisar quais seriam os fatores sociais (como a renda familiar, o sexo e a cor das crianças, a educação das mães), além daqueles propriamente escolares, que teriam influência na formação das expectativas das mães e das professoras sobre a trajetória escolar dessas crianças. Para essa análise, utilizam-se dados de um ‘survey’, processados através de regressões lineares. Verifica-se que, para as professoras, o único fator que tem peso significativo na avaliação, além do desempenho objetivo, é o sexo da criança: meninas recebem avaliação melhor do que a sua nota objetiva. A expectativa das mães, no entanto, sofre influências fortes da cor da criança, da renda familiar e do seu próprio nível de escolaridade. Através dessa expectativa materna podemos encontrar pistas importantes sobre os mecanismos de reprodução das desigualdades sociais. Palavras Chave: desigualdades sociais, desigualdades raciais, classificações sociais, escolarização, expectativas familiares. Social inequalities and the formation of family and teachers’ expectations Expectations are a significant determinant of student achievement. We study the determinants mothers’ and teachers’ expectations about their child’s school achievement in the fourth grade in public elementary school in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We examine the contribution of color, family income, gender, the parents’ highest level of education, and a measure of the child’s academic ability to mother’s expectations and to teacher’s opinions of the student’s achievement. This is explored for students in general, for white and nonwhite students and for those in the lowest socioeconomic category. Key words: social inequalities, racial inequalities, social classifications, escolarizations, family expectations. LES INEGALITES SOCIALES ET LA FORMATION D’ATTENTES DES FAMILLES ET DES PROFESSEURS Cet article essaye d’analyser les facteurs sociaux (revenus familiaux, sexe, couleur des enfants, éducation des mères) qui, en plus de ceux plus spécifiquement scolaires, exerceraient une influence sur la formation des attentes des mères et des professeurs quant à la trajectoire scolaire de ces enfants. Pour procéder à cette analyse, les données d’un “survey” ont été utilisées et organisées par le biais de régressions linéaires. On a pu vérifier que, pour les professeures, le seul facteur ayant un poids considérable dans l’évaluation, mis à part les résultats objectifs, est le sexe de l’enfant: les filles obtiennent de meilleurs résultats par rapport à leur notre objective. L’attente des mères est, quant à elle, fortement influencée par la couleur de l’enfant, les revenus de la famille et leur propre niveau de scolarité. A partir de cette attente maternelle, il est possible de trouver des pistes importantes concernant les mécanismes de reproducion des inégalités sociales. Mots-clés: inégalités sociales, inégalités raciales, classifications sociales, scolarisation, attentes familiale Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CASAMENTO: tempos, centramento, gerações e gênero
Authors: Torres Anália 
Published: August 2022

Cem anos depois de Durkheim ter afirmado que “os indivíduos são mais importantes do que as coisas”, tendo subjacente a questão do patrimônio no contexto da família e do casamento, a afirmação tornou-se um lugar comum. Hoje está perfeitamente estabelecido, e de forma bem mais explícita a partir dos anos 60, que os afetos são a pedra de toque essencial do que circula no casamento e na família, embora também aí circulem e sejam geridos outros bens materiais e simbólicos. Neste artigo, procura- se perceber precisamente como se jogam e se articulam essas diversas lógicas – sentimentos e afetos, gestão de recursos, identidades, realização pessoal, projeções sobre o futuro, expectativas – na vida conjugal. Palavras-Chave: casamento, família, gênero, geração MARRIAGE: time, centering, generations and gender A hundred years after Durkheim stated that “individuals are more important than things” in reference to patrimony in the family and marriage, this assertion became common sense. Today, in the aftermath of the 1960’s, it is perfectly established that emotions are the cornerstone of family and marriage, although it is true that other material and symbolic goods circulate and are managed in these areas. In this article, the author tries to understand how precisely these many logics are articulated and managed – feelings and affections, material resources, identities, personal achievements, expectations – in conjugal life. Key Words: marriage, family, gender, generation. MARIAGE: temps, centrage, générations et genre Cent ans après que Durkheim ait affirmé que “les idnividus sont plus importants que les choses”, le problème du patrimoine dans le contexte de la famille et du mariage étant sous-jacent, cette affirmation est devenue courante. Actuellement il est certain, et cela très clairement à partir des années 60, que les affects représentent la pierre fondamentale en ce qui concerne le mariage et la famille, même si d’autres biens matériels et symboliques entrent également en jeu. Dans cet article, on essaie de percevoir de manière plus précise comment ces diverses logiques – sentiments et affects, gestion des ressources, identités, épanouissement personnel, projections pour l’avenir, attentes – entrent en jeu et sont articulées dans la vie conjugale. Mots-Clés: mariage, famille, genre, génération. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Monte‐Carlo calculation of output correction factors for ionization chambers, solid‐state detectors, and EBT3 film in small fields of high‐energy photons
Authors: Klimanov Vladimir A. , Kirpichev Yury S. , Serikbekova Zarina K. , Belousov Alexandr V. , Krusanov Grigorii A. , Walwyn‐Salas Gonzalo , Morozov Vladimir N. , Kolyvanova Maria A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐energy accelerators are often used in oncological practice, but the information on the small‐field dosimetry for the photon beams with nominal energy above 10 MV is limited. The goal of the present work was to determine the values of the output correction factor () for solid‐state detectors (Diode E, PTW 60017; microDiamond, PTW 60019), EBT3 film, and ionization chambers (Semiflex, PTW 31010; Semiflex 3D, PTW 31021; PinPoint, PTW 31015; PinPoint 3D, PTW 31016) in the small fields formed by 10, 15, 18, and 20 MV photon beams. The output correction factors were calculated by Monte‐Carlo method using EGSnrc toolkit for six field sizes (from to ) for isocentric and constant source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) techniques. The decrease in the field size led to an increase in for ionization chambers, while for solid‐state detectors and radiochromic film, were less than unity at the smallest field size. A larger sensitive volume of ionization chamber corresponded to a stronger deviation of output correction factor from unity: 1.847 (125 mm3 PTW 31010) versus up to 1.183 (16 mm3 PTW 31016) at the smallest field of 10 MV beam. The calculated output correction factors were used to correct the output factors for PTW 60017, PTW 60019, and EBT3. The deviation of the corrected output factor from the results of Monte‐Carlo simulation did not exceed 3% in the fields from to for 10 and 18 MV beams. Thus, Diode E, microDiamond, and EBT3 film can be recommended for small‐field dosimetry of high‐energy photons.
Perceived Cognitive Function in People With Systemic Sclerosis: Associations With Symptoms and Daily Life Functioning
Authors: Chen Yen T. , Lescoat Alain , Khanna Dinesh , Murphy Susan L. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePerceived cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) but not well understood. This study aimed to examine potential factors associated with perceived cognitive function and to investigate the contributions of perceived cognitive function and symptoms to functional measures.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among patients with SSc (n = 106). Participants were mainly female (84%) and White (82%). Perceived cognitive function, symptoms, and functional measures were assessed with Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures. A multivariable regression was conducted to identify factors associated with perceived cognition. Hierarchical linear regressions examined the unique contributions of perceived cognitive function and symptoms to social participation and physical function.ResultsFifty‐nine (56%) patients with SSc perceived mild‐to‐severe cognitive dysfunction. Being on work disability and having more fatigue were both significantly associated with perceived cognitive dysfunction. When examining the contributions of cognition and other symptoms to functional measures, self‐reported cognition became nonsignificant after fatigue and pain were entered into the regression model.ConclusionBeing on work disability and having more fatigue were most highly associated with perceived cognitive dysfunction in patients with SSc. Unlike fatigue and pain, perceived cognitive function was not independently associated with functional measures. Nonetheless, future research should disentangle cognitive function and other symptoms, as well as their effects on daily activities, in SSc.
Relationship Between Knee Biomechanics and Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hutchison Laura , Grayson Jane , Hiller Claire , D'Souza Nicole , Kobayashi Sarah , Simic Milena 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveOur primary aim was to determine the cross‐sectional relationship between knee biomechanics during gait and pain in people with medial knee osteoarthritis. Our secondary aim was to evaluate differences in knee biomechanics between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants with medial knee osteoarthritis.MethodsFour online databases were searched from inception to July 2021. Eligible studies included people with medial/nonspecific knee osteoarthritis and a reported relationship between knee biomechanics during gait and pain or biomechanics of symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed when three or more studies reported the same biomechanical variable for pooling (knee adduction moment [KAM], KAM impulse, varus thrust, and peak knee flexion moment [KFM]).ResultsForty studies were included. Methodological quality ranged from 4 to 9/10. Forty‐seven unique biomechanical variables were reported. For the KAM, there was no correlation with pain for peak values pooled (early stance and overall) (r = 0.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.12, 0.11, k = 16), a small negative correlation for early stance peak alone (r = −0.09, 95% CI −0.18, −0.002, k = 12), and a medium positive correlation for the overall peak during stance (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.17, 0.42, k = 4). Metaregression identified that body mass index moderated the peak KAM–pain relationship (P < 0.001). KAM impulse had a small positive correlation with pain (r = 0.23, 95% CI 0.04, 0.40, k = 5), and people with varus thrust had 3.84 greater odds of reporting pain compared with people without (95% CI 1.72, 8.53, k = 3). Meta‐analyses for the peak KFM and pain correlation and secondary aim were nonsignificant.ConclusionSome knee gait biomechanics were associated with pain in this cohort. Longitudinal studies are required to determine causality.
Flat Silk Cocoon‐Based Dressing: Daylight‐Driven Rechargeable Antibacterial Membranes Accelerate Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yi Shixiong , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jiamei , Wang Min , Zheng Shaohui , Yang Xiao , Duan Lian , Reis Rui L. , Dai Fangyin , Kundu Subhas C. , Xiao Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the leading causes of death globally, especially in underdeveloped countries, is bacterial infection. Recently, the prevalence of infections from antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has been increasing, which makes the need for innovative antibacterial wound dressings urgent. It is reported that g‐C3N4‐based flat silk cocoons (FSCs) with rechargeable antibacterial activity can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under daylight irradiation. The photoactive FSCs store the ROS and then release them in the dark. The engineered FSCs exhibit integrated properties of good biocompatibility, strong mechanical characteristics, robust photoactivity with photostorability, and excellent bactericidal efficiency (99.9% contact killing). In a rat model of infected wounds, the photoactive FSCs induce faster healing and reduce bacterial infections. The successful application of these FSC materials as wound dressings may provide a versatile platform for exploring the use of green photoactive antibacterial materials for accelerated wound healing and prevention of infections.
Wavelength‐Tunable Circularly Polarized Laser Arrays for Multidimensional Information Encryption
Authors: Zhan Xiuqin , Zhou Zhonghao , Zhou Wu , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation security has attracted particular attention along with the exponential growth of information communications. Stimuli‐responsive microlasers show considerable potential for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption technologies due to their distinguishable signal readout, superior responsiveness, and distinct polarization states, yet their application is frequently restricted by the low security level due to the visualization of information recorded solely in emission wavelength. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to realize high‐security multidimensional information encryption based on wavelength‐tunable circularly polarized (CP) microlaser arrays by introducing additional covert polarization states as coding elements. CP laser emissions are obtained in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) arrays due to well‐organized periodic helical superstructures, and the lasing wavelength is thermally tailored across a broad range. Based on the synergistic use of wavelength and polarization state as cryptographic primitives, the multidimensional information encryption and decryption in thermo‐responsive CP microlaser arrays is realized. These results provide valuable enlightenment to the development of stimuli‐responsive CP laser for information security and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Solution‐Processing of CsPbClxBr3−x Perovskite Micro/Nanostructure Near‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors with High Performance
Authors: Zhou Hai , Yang Gaoqi , Ren Dongjie , Huang Jiabin , Gao Zheng , Duan Jinxia , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLead halide perovskite materials have shown great application potential in the field of optoelectronics, but solution‐phase processing of all‐inorganic wide‐bandgap perovskite materials, especially CsPbCl3, faces great challenges due to the low solubility of the raw materials. Here, a solution‐processing of CsPbClxBr3−x perovskite micro/nanostructures (PMNSs) via a two‐step ion‐exchange method is reported. The halide composition and the surface morphology of the CsPbClxBr3−x PMNS are regulated by tailoring the reaction time of halide exchange, and the photodetectors (PDs) based on the CsPbBr2.25Cl0.75 PMNS exhibit best device performance. The CsPbBr2.25Cl0.75 PMNS PDs show excellent self‐powered performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.1 V, an on‐off ratio of up to 106, a responsivity of 0.31 A W−1, a detectivity of 2.87 × 1012 Jones, and a linear dynamic range of 130 dB. These excellent performances are attributed to the unique device structure in which large‐sized micro‐nanocrystals in the bottom layer guarantee the generation of carriers, and the nanowires on top penetrate the carbon and benefit from excellent contact between the perovskite and the electrode, thus resulting in a good device performance.
Supramolecular Assembly‐Induced Emission Enhancement Vesicles Regulated by Pincer‐Like Hosts Containing Pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Yu Jia‐Lin , Wu Ming‐Xue , Xue Zhi‐Yuan , Xia Qing‐Qing , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Xing‐Huo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSupramolecular assembly‐induced emission enhancement (SAIEE) systems have been proved to be a highly efficient approach for the fabrication of luminescent nanoparticles with uniform morphology. Herein, fluorescent supramolecular vesicles are constructed from tetraphenylethene‐based cyano‐alkane tetramer (TPE‐(CN)4) and pincer‐like hosts containing two pillar[5]arene units (B‐(TAP[5]A)2) through a synergistic effect of host–guest interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Notably, the emission intensity of supramolecular vesicles can be remarkably enhanced with quantum yield determined to be 37.69%, whereas that of TPE‐(CN)4 is only 18.93% in mixture solvent. Furthermore, the supramolecular vesicles can retard the photocyclization reaction of TPE‐(CN)4 under UV light and exhibit considerable emission intensity at high temperature. Enthused by the above results, artificial light‐harvesting systems with high antenna effect of 18.7 are facilely established by introducing cyano‐vinyl derivatives (CV‐CN) as donor, demonstrating the adjustable emission wavelength through Förster resonance energy transfer in the present SAIEE systems. Taking advantage of the tunable emission colors, fluorescent ink based on supramolecular vesicles is successfully prepared, setting the basis for potential application in security painting. As a proof‐of‐concept study, the pincer‐like host facilitates the optical performance of chromophores with aggregation‐induced emission feature, and unlocks more possibilities for the establishment of SAIEE systems in aqueous.
Directed Dehydrogenative Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Thiolation in Pseudo‐Anomeric Position of Glycals using Thiol and Thiosugar Partners
Authors: Li Linlin , Mahri Lynda , de Robichon Morgane , Fatthalla Maha , Ferry Angélique , Messaoudi Samir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of 1‐thiotrehaloses and thioglycals by a directed copper‐catalyzed dehydrogenative C−H thiolation of the pseudo‐anomeric bond of glycals is described. The use of aminoquinoline‐containing glycals as well as thiosugars or thiols as coupling partners led to the synthesis of a library of thioglycosides in moderate to good yields.magnified image
DBU‐Promoted Three‐Component Cascade Annulations to Access Multiply Substituted 3‐Cyano‐thiophenes
Authors: Zheng Lvyin , Liu Gongping , Zou Xiaoying , Zhong Yumei , Deng Lei , Wu Yingying , Yang Beining , Wang Yihan , Guo Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal‐free [2+2+1] three‐component cascade annulations for the one‐pot synthesis of multiply substituted 3‐cyano‐thiophenes from 3‐oxo‐nitriles, enones and elemental sulfur are described. This DBU‐promoted protocol features good functional group tolerance, and provides high value 3‐cyano‐thiophenes in moderate to good yields under simple reaction conditions. This approach also enables late‐stage modifications of structurally complex bioactive molecules and drugs, which exhibits potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
Venous Collagenosis as Pathogenesis of White Matter Hyperintensity
Authors: Lahna David , Schwartz Daniel L , Woltjer Randy , Black Sandra E , Roese Natalie , Dodge Hiroko , Boespflug Erin L , Keith Julia , Gao Fuqiang , Ramirez Joel , Silbert Lisa C 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePeriventricular white matter hyperintensities (pvWMHs) are commonly observed on MRI in older individuals and are associated with cognitive and motor decline. The etiology of pvWMH remains unknown. Venous collagenosis has been implicated, which may also interfere with perivascular fluid flow leading to dilation of perivascular spaces (PVS). Here, we examine relationships between in vivo pvWMH volume and ex vivo morphological quantification of collagenosis and the PVS in veins and arteries.MethodsBrain tissue from 25 Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center subjects was selected to cover the full range of WMH burden. Tissue from white matter abutting the ventricle was stained with Masson's trichrome and smooth muscle actin. An automated hue based algorithm identified and segmented vessel into collagenized vessel walls, lumen, and PVS. Multiple linear regressions with pvWMH volume as the dependent variable and either collagen thickness or PVS width were performed with covariates of vessel diameter, age at death, sex, and interval between MRI and death.ResultsPVS width and collagen thickness were significantly correlated in both arteries (r = 0.21, p = 0.001) and veins (r = 0.23, p = 0.001). Increased venous collagen (p = 0.017) was a significant predictor of higher pvWMH burden while arterial collagen was not (p = 0.128). Neither PVS width in arteries (p = 0.937) nor veins (p = 0.133) predicted pvWMH burden.InterpretationThese findings are consistent with a model in which venous collagenosis mediates the relationship between vascular risk factors and pvWMH. This study confirms the importance of changes to the venous system in contributing to MRI white matter lesions commonly observed with advanced age. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:992–1000