bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Leggio Loredana , L'Episcopo Francesca , Magrì Andrea , Ulloa‐Navas María José , Paternò Greta , Vivarelli Silvia , Bastos Carlos A. P. , Tirolo Cataldo , Testa Nunzio , Caniglia Salvatore , Risiglione Pierpaolo , Pappalardo Fabrizio , Serra Alessandro , García‐Tárraga Patricia , Faria Nuno , Powell Jonathan J. , Peruzzotti‐Jametti Luca , Pluchino Stefano , García‐Verdugo José Manuel , Messina Angela , Marchetti Bianca , Iraci Nunzio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful players in cell‐to‐cell communication both in healthy and diseased brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD)—characterized by selective dopaminergic neuron death in ventral midbrain (VMB) and degeneration of their terminals in striatum (STR)—astrocytes exert dual harmful/protective functions, with mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, this study shows that astrocytes from the VMB‐, STR‐, and VMB/STR‐depleted brains release a population of small EVs in a region‐specific manner. Interestingly, VMB‐astrocytes secreted the highest rate of EVs, which is further exclusively increased in response to CCL3, a chemokine that promotes robust dopaminergic neuroprotection in different PD models. The neuroprotective potential of nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs is investigated in differentiated versus undifferentiated SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. EVs from both VMB‐ and STR‐astrocytes counteract H2O2‐induced caspase‐3 activation specifically in differentiated cells, with EVs from CCL3‐treated astrocytes showing a higher protective effect. High resolution respirometry further reveals that nigrostriatal astrocyte‐EVs rescue neuronal mitochondrial complex I function impaired by the neurotoxin MPP+. Notably, only EVs from VMB‐astrocyte fully restore ATP production, again specifically in differentiated SH‐SY5Y. These results highlight a regional diversity in the nigrostriatal system for the secretion and activities of astrocyte‐EVs, with neuroprotective implications for PD.
Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials
Authors: Dong Tao , Zhang Si‐Jie , Wang Nan‐Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time‐resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
Nitrogen efficiency indexes association with nitrogen recovery, utilization, and use efficiency in spring barley at various nitrogen application rates
Authors: Ali Mohamed Abdelaal , Ghazy Abdelhalim I. , Alotaibi Khaled D. , Ibrahim Omar Maghawry , Al‐Doss Abdullah A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is the ratio of the N uptake by the plant to the total amount of applied N fertilizer. The optimization of NUE is essential for sustainable agriculture, especially in the breeding programs to improve the yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We investigated the NUE variation in 32 barley genotypes and to examine the response relationship between phenotypic traits and N level to determine the traits essential for the selection of breeding programs to optimize the NUE. The NUE was investigated in 32 barley genotypes for 2 yr under field conditions using three N levels (60, 120, and 180 kg N ha−1). Growth, physiological and agronomic traits, and N efficiency‐related parameters were determined. The parameters investigated were significantly affected by N application and its interactions with traits. Plant height, biological yield, spike length, and grain number (GN) were increased at higher N levels, but the 1,000‐grain weight decreased. The lowest grain yield was 2,000.7 kg ha−1 at 60 kg N ha−1, and the highest was 8,607.9 kg ha−1 at 120 kg N ha−1. An increase in the N rate from 60 to 120 kg N ha−1 was associated with a higher total chlorophyll content (CHLSPAD) (from 19.04 to 23.13), but no significant change in CHL was seen at 180 kg N ha−1. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE), fertilizer N recovery efficiency and the nitrogen utilization efficiency were both reduced with an increase of the N application rate. A path analysis revealed that GN was the most essential trait for NUE breeding program selection due to its high direct effect (0.72) on ANUE. A linear discriminant analysis showed that CHL at 60 d after sowing was the best trait for distinguishing low from high N levels.
Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy
Authors: Oxilia Gregorio , Bortolini Eugenio , Marciani Giulia , Menghi Sartorio Jessica Cristina , Vazzana Antonino , Bettuzzi Matteo , Panetta Daniele , Arrighi Simona , Badino Federica , Figus Carla , Lugli Federico , Romandini Matteo , Silvestrini Sara , Sorrentino Rita , Moroni Adriana , Donadio Carlo , Morigi Maria Pia , Slon Viviane , Piperno Marcello , Talamo Sahra , Collina Carmine , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesDuring the middle‐to‐upper Paleolithic transition (50,000 and 40,000 years ago), interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens varied across Europe. In southern Italy, the association between Homo sapiens fossils and non‐Mousterian material culture, as well as the mode and tempo of Neanderthal demise, are still vividly debated. In this research, we focus on the study of two human teeth by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches for a reliable taxonomical attribution as well as obtaining new radiometric dates on the archeological sequence.Material and MethodsThis work presents two lower deciduous molars uncovered at Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone‐Caserta, Italy), stratigraphically associated with Mousterian (RSS1) and Uluzzian (RSS2) artifacts. To obtain a probabilistic attribution of the two RSS teeth to each reference taxa group composed of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we performed and compared the performance of three supervised learning algorithms (flexible discriminant analysis, multiadaptive regression splines, and random forest) on both crown and cervical outlines obtained by virtual morphometric methods.ResultsWe show that RSS1, whose Mousterian context appears more recent than 44,800–44,230 cal BP, can be attributed to a Neanderthal, while RSS2, found in an Uluzzian context that we dated to 42,640–42,380 cal BP, is attributed to Homo sapiens.DiscussionThis site yields the most recent direct evidence for a Neanderthal presence in southern Italy and confirms a later shift to upper Paleolithic technology in southwestern Italy compared to the earliest Uluzzian evidence at Grotta del Cavallo (Puglia, Italy).
Biocatalytic Depletion of Tumorigenic Energy Sources Driven by Cascade Reactions for Efficient Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Xiao Ya‐Ping , Chen Peng‐Hang , Lei Shan , Bai Fang , Fu Lian‐Hua , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlucose and lactate play important roles for tumor growth. How to simultaneously deprive tumors of glucose and lactate is a big challenge. We have developed a cascade catalytic system (denoted as FPGLC) based on fluorinated polymer (FP) with co‐loading of glucose oxidase (GOx), lactate oxidase (LOx), and catalase (CAT). GOx and LOx deprive glucose and lactate, respectively, resulting in abundant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Meanwhile, CAT catalyzes H2O2 into O2, which not only promotes catalytic reactions of GOx and LOx for consuming more glucose and lactate, but also alleviates tumor hypoxia. Benefiting from the excellent cross‐membrane and transmucosal penetration capacities of FP, FPGLC rapidly accumulated in tumors and subsequently mediated enhanced cascade catalytic therapy under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging. These results demonstrate that the dual depletion of glucose and lactate with O2 supply is a promising strategy for efficient antitumor starvation therapy.
Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne
Authors: Raju Cijil , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of a trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked polymer using a topochemical azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. A cyclitol‐derived monomer having an azide and an internal alkyne group was designed. The four hydroxy groups present in this monomer dictate its crystal packing such that the monomer molecules are arranged head‐to‐tail, thereby placing the internal alkyne and the azide units of adjacent molecules proximally. Although the alignment of the reactive groups in the monomer crystal is not favourable for a topochemical reaction, a reactive orientation can be achieved by the rotation of the reactive groups. Upon heating the crystals, the monomer underwent topochemical polymerization to yield the trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked‐polycyclitol. This study demonstrates a new synthetic strategy for cycloaddition reaction between non‐polarized internal alkynes and azides to yield trisubstituted triazoles.
Multi‐objective optimization and dynamic control of heat exchanger network for heat pump distillation of acetic acid/acetic anhydride binary system
Authors: Zhu Ming , Xu Renchun , Fan Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the heat pump distillation coupled heat exchange network system (MVRHP‐HEN) for acetic acid/acetic anhydride separation is optimized with the minimum total annual cost (TAC) and CO2emissions as objective functions, meanwhile, the optimized process is simulated dynamically. Firstly, we proposed two optimization schemes: (a) the single objective and multi‐objective optimizations of the MVRHP system over the acetic acid separation column are firstly carried out and then constructed the heat exchange network, namely, MVRHP‐HEN‐1; (b) the heat exchange network is first constructed and then the single objective and multi‐objective optimization of MVRHP‐HEN is carried out, that is, MVRHP‐HEN‐2. The results show that MVRHP‐HEN‐2 obtains lower TAC and CO2emissions compared with MVRHP‐HEN and MVRHP‐HEN‐1 and has better economic and environmental benefits. Then, the two‐point temperature control structure is built for the dynamic simulation of the optimized separation process. The results show that the proposed control structure has a strong anti‐interference ability. The research is expected to provide guidance for the development and design of advanced heat pump distillation technology.
Effect of low dissolved oxygen on the viability of juvenile Margaritifera margaritifera: Hypoxia tolerance ex situ
Authors: Hyvärinen Heini S.H. , Sjönberg Tuomo , Marjomäki Timo J. , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The decline of endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) has been attributed to juvenile mortality caused by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the stream substrate resulting from fine sediments (siltation) that impede water exchange in the interstitial microhabitat of juveniles.
If low oxygen concentration causes recruitment failure of FPMs, knowledge on the oxygen tolerance of juvenile FPMs is essential for the conservation of the species, as it will justify conservation efforts improving water exchange in the bottom gravel. However, the tolerance of low oxygen of FPM juveniles has not been directly studied.
Juvenile FPMs (9–11 months old) were exposed in individual chambers equipped with optical oxygen measurement spots to different levels of dissolved oxygen at 19 °C and their viability was monitored for 10 days to assess the acute oxygen tolerance of juvenile FPMs. Oxygen concentration ranged between 8.8 and 6.2 mg L−1 in the high oxygen treatment (control), 5.0–0.4 mg L−1 in the medium treatment, and 1.3–0.04 mg L−1 in the low oxygen treatment (near‐anoxic conditions).
Viability of juvenile FPMs depended on the concentration of available dissolved oxygen, such that all juveniles exposed to near‐anoxic conditions were classified as non‐viable, whereas all mussels exposed to high and medium concentrations were viable at the end of the 10 day experiment. Juveniles differed in their ability to tolerate near‐anoxic conditions, so that some individuals survived only 1 day and others survived up to 9 days.
This study provides the first direct experimental evidence on the oxygen sensitivity of FPM juveniles and suggests that >10‐day events of very low dissolved oxygen at summer temperatures are fatal to juvenile FPMs, supporting the view that actions preventing low oxygen episodes in the substrate are essential for recruitment, and conservation, of FPMs.
Distributed fault‐tolerant parallel formation control of underactuated marine surface vehicles with limited control input
Authors: Huang Chenfeng , Zhang Xianku , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive distributed parallel formation control approach is proposed for a group of underactuated marine surface vehicles with actuator fault and limited control input. Firstly, the algebraic topology is employed to model the intervehicle communication network of the multiple vehicles. Both the model uncertainties and environmental disturbance satisfying norm‐bounded conditions are discussed. Secondly, a concise bounded‐feedback adaptive law is developed to compensate the supremum of the neural network weight matrix, rather than each element of the matrix. That could dramatically reduce the computation burden of the algorithm and facilitate its application in practical engineering. Furthermore, a new adaptive parameter is introduced to analyze the input saturation and compensate the energy fading of actuator fault simultaneously. Finally, it is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and superiority of the proposed control strategy in different cases.
Switching event‐triggered control of switched systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Li Zhihui , Wang Yue‐E , Wu Di 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on switching event‐triggered controller design for switched continuous‐time systems with actuator saturation. First, we revisit the switching event‐triggered sampled‐data mechanism (ETSDM) to adapt it to the state feedback control of switched systems with actuator saturation. Then, by thinking of the ETSDM as a switching between periodic sampling and continuous ETSDM, constructing a switching multiple Lyapunov functions to give the analysis and design, and adopting the sector conditions to deal with the saturation, the sufficient conditions and the initial region ensuring the exponential stability of the switched system are proposed. Furthermore, the corresponding solvable conditions for the switching event‐triggered controller and the triggering parameter matrices are established. Finally, a circuit example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.
Optical spectroscopy of the Be/black hole binary MWC 656 ‐ interaction of a black hole with a circumstellar disc
Authors: Zamanov Radoslav K. , Stoyanov Kiril A. , Marchev Dragomir , Tomov Nikolay A. , Wolter Uwe , Bode Michael F. , Nikolov Yanko M. , Stefanov Stefan Y. , Kurtenkov Alexander , Latev Georgi Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present new spectroscopic observations of the Be/black hole binary MWC 656 obtained during the period 2015–2021. We measure the equivalent width of Hα (EWα), Hβ (), and the distance between the peaks of Hα (), Hβ (), and FeII () lines. Combining new and old data, we find that: (1) the density of the circumstellar disc of MWC 656 ( versus diagram) is similar to the Be stars. For the Be stars, we find the relation km s−1, and the position of MWC 656 corresponds to the average behavior of the Be stars. This means that the presence of the black hole does not change the overall structure of the circumstellar disc; (2) the periodogram analysis indicates modulation of with a period days, which is identical to the binary orbital period. The maxima of and are around periastron (phase zero); (3) around orbital phase zero, and decrease by about km s−1. This suggests that we observe an increase of the circumstellar disc size induced by the periastron passage of the black hole and that the entire circumstellar disc pulsates with the orbital period with relative amplitude of 10–20%. The observations also indicate, that the reason for the black hole in MWC 656 to be in deep quiescence is a very low efficiency of accretion ().
2‐Amino thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of some metabolic enzymes: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe thiazole derivatives are desirable compounds in the evaluation of their biological activities such as antiprotozoal antibacterial, antifungal, antituberculosis. Considering the medical application potential of 2‐amino thiazole compounds, we aimed to determine the effects of 2‐amino thiazole derivatives on the activities of carbonic anhydrase I–II isoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among the chemicals we used in our study, 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA I with Ki of 0.008 ± 0.001 μM. The 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐bromophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA II, AChE, and BChE with Ki of 0.124 ± 0.017, 0.129 ± 0.030, and 0.083 ± 0.041 μM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 2‐amino‐4‐(5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthyl)thiazole had the highest inhibitory potency against hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE with the estimated binding energy of −6.75, −7.61, −7.86, −7.96 kcal/mol, respectively.
Advances and challenges in developing smart, multifunctional microneedles for biomedical applications
Authors: Tavafoghi Maryam , Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Mahmoodi Mahboobeh , Nadine Sara , Mano João F. , Darabi Mohammad A. , Jahangiry Jamileh , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) have been developed as minimally invasive tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing smart multifunctional MN devices to provide automated and closed‐loop systems for body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery in a stimuli‐responsive manner. Although this technology is still in its infancy and far from being translated into the clinic, preclinical trials have shown some promise for the broad applications of multifunctional MN devices. The main challenge facing the fabrication of smart MN patches is the integration of multiple modules, such as drug carriers, highly sensitive biosensors, and data analyzers in one miniaturized MN device. Researchers have shown the feasibility of creating smart MNs by integrating stimuli‐responsive biomaterials and advanced microscale technologies, such as microsensors and microfluidic systems, to precisely control the transportation of biofluids and drugs throughout the system. These multifunctional MN devices can be envisioned in two distinct strategies. The first type includes individual drug delivery and biosensing MN units with a microfluidic system and a digital analyzer responsible for fluid transportation and communication between these two modules. The second type relies on smart biomaterials that can function as drug deliverers and biosensors by releasing drugs in a stimuli‐responsive manner. These smart biomaterials can undergo structural changes when exposed to external stimuli, such as pH and ionic changes, mimicking the biological systems. Studies have demonstrated a high potential of hydrogel‐based MN devices for a wide variety of biomedical applications, such as drug and cell delivery, as well as interstitial fluid extraction. Biodegradable hydrogels have also been advantageous for fabricating multifunctional MNs due to their high loading capacity and biocompatibility with the drug of choice. Here, we first review a set of MN devices that can be employed either for biosensing or delivery of multiple target molecules and compare them to the conventional and more simple systems, which are mainly designed for single‐molecule sensing or delivery. Subsequently, we expand our insight into advanced MN systems with multiple competencies, such as body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery at the point of care. The improvement of biomaterials knowledge and biofabrication techniques will allow us to efficiently tune the next generation of smart MNs and provide a realistic platform for more effective personalized therapeutics.
Porous interface for fast charging silicon anode
Authors: Lv Yingying , Han Zhuobin , Jia Rongrong , Shi Liyi , Yuan Shuai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor next‐generation powering batteries, silicon with high energy density is considered the most promising anode material. However, the low rate performance and limited cycling life of silicon anode confines its commercial application. Porous interface constructed on the silicon‐based anode could provide relatively short electrolyte pathways, high transport rate of both lithium ions and electrons, and more stabilized surfaces, which are considered as one of the effective ways to maintain both high energy density and fast charging ability. Here, with a focus on porous interface construction and highlighting the advantages of surface coating, we aim to point out how porous interface affect the fast charging ability for silicon anode.