bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after resection or liver transplantation: a discovery and validation study
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Liu Yuanpeng , Zhang Wenhui , Hong Yuan , Meng Jinwen , Wang Jianguo , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a growing need for new improved classifiers of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to stratify them effectively.

Methods
A deep learning model was developed on a total of 1118 patients from 4 independent cohorts. A nucleus map set (n = 120) was used to train U-net to capture the nuclear architecture. The training set (n = 552) included HCC patients that had been treated by resection. The liver transplantation (LT) set (n = 144) contained patients with HCC that had been treated by LT. The train set and its nuclear architectural information extracted by U-net were used to train the MobileNet V2-based classifier (MobileNetV2_HCC_class). The classifier was then independently tested on the LT set and externally validated on the TCGA set (n = 302). The primary outcome was recurrence free survival (RFS).

Results
The MobileNetV2_HCC_class was a strong predictor of RFS in both LT set and TCGA set. The classifier provided a hazard ratio of 3.44 (95% CI 2.01–5.87, p < 0.001) for high risk versus low risk in the LT set, and 2.55 (95% CI 1.64–3.99, p < 0.001) when known prognostic factors, remarkable in univariable analyses on the same cohort, were adjusted. The MobileNetV2_HCC_class maintained a relatively higher discriminatory power [time-dependent accuracy and area under curve (AUC)] than other factors after LT or resection in the independent validation set (LT and TCGA set). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis indicated MobileNetV2_HCC_class exhibited better net benefits for the Stage_AJCC beyond other independent factors. A pathological review demonstrated that tumoral areas with the highest recurrence predictability featured the following features: the presence of stroma, a high degree of cytological atypia, nuclear hyperchromasia, and a lack of immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion
A prognostic classifier for clinical purposes had been proposed based on the use of deep learning on histological slides from HCC patients. This classifier assists in refining the prognostic prediction of HCC patients and identifies patients who have been benefited from more intensive management.
SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD Clinical Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer (2021)
Authors: Fernández-Montes Ana , Alcaide Julia , Alsina María , Custodio Ana Belén , Franco Lourdes Fernández , Gallego Plazas Javier , Gómez-Martín Carlos , Richart Paula , Rivera Fernando , Martin-Richard Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEsophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor, and is the sixth-leading cause of death from cancer. Incidence is rising in Spain, particularly among men. Two main pathological different subtypes have been described: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Growing evidence of their epidemiology and molecular differences explains their different response to novel treatments, and they are therefore likely to be treated as two separate entities in the near future. The best results are obtained with a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy, and the introduction of immunotherapy is a promising new approach that will improve prognosis. In these guidelines, we review the evidence for the different methods of diagnosis and therapeutic strategies that form the basis of our standard of care.
SEOM-SOGUG clinical guideline for localized muscle invasive and advanced bladder cancer (2021)
Authors: Valderrama Begoña P. , González-del-Alba Aránzazu , Morales-Barrera Rafael , Peláez Fernández Ignacio , Vázquez Sergio , Caballero Díaz Cristina , Domènech Montserrat , Fernández Calvo Ovidio , Gómez de Liaño Lista Alfonso , Arranz Arija José Ángel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) are urothelial carcinomas (UC) of transitional origin, although histological variants of UC have been recognized. Smoking is the most important risk factor in developed countries, and the basis for prevention. UC harbors high number of genomic aberrations that make possible targeted therapies. Based on molecular features, a consensus classification identified six different MIBC subtypes. Hematuria and irritative bladder symptoms, CT scan, cystoscopy and transurethral resection are the basis for diagnosis. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard approach for muscle-invasive BC, although bladder preservation is an option for selected patients who wish to avoid or cannot tolerate surgery. Perioperative cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for cT2-4aN0M0 tumors, or as adjuvant in patients with pT3/4 and or pN + after radical cystectomy. Follow-up is particularly important after the availability of new salvage therapies. It should be individualized and adapted to the risk of recurrence. Cisplatin–gemcitabine is considered the standard first line for metastatic tumors. Carboplatin should replace cisplatin in cisplatin-ineligible patients. According to the EMA label, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab could be an option in cisplatin-ineligible patients with high PD-L1 expression. For patients whose disease respond or did not progress after first-line platinum chemotherapy, maintenance with avelumab prolongs survival with respect to the best supportive care. Pembrolizumab also increases survival versus vinflunine or taxanes in patients with progression after chemotherapy who have not received avelumab, as well as enfortumab vedotin in those progressing to first-line chemotherapy followed by an antiPDL1/PD1. Erdafitinib may be considered in this setting in patients with FGFR alterations. An early onset of supportive and palliative care is always strongly recommended.
A hypothetic model for examining the relationship between happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity and emotional security
Authors: Ercengiz Mustafa , Safalı Serdar , Kaya Alican , Turan Mehmet Emin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ultimate goal of life is happiness, according to Plato. Perhaps the most critical questions in the life of human beings have been on happiness and processes that affect happiness. The present study was planned during the COVID-19 pandemic; perhaps human beings are most needed for happiness. The original hypothetical model and the findings constitute the powerful and different aspects of the present study. This study determined a hypothetical model to examine the relationships among happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity, and emotional security. The participant group of the study consists of a total of 916 individuals from Turkey, 617 women, and 299 men. The age scale of the participants is between 18-25. Participants completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Emotional Security Scale, the Emotional Reactivity Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Scale. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ (2017) process macro. According to the proposed model in the study, emotional reactivity mediates the relationship between forgiveness and happiness. As the individual’s forgiveness increases, their emotional reactivity decreases, and as the emotional reactivity decreases, the individual’s level of happiness increases.
Spatial beam reshaping and large-band nonlinear conversion in rectangular-core phosphate glass fibers
Authors: Strutynski Clément , Couderc Vincent , Mansuryan Tigran , Santarelli Giorgio , Thomas Philippe , Danto Sylvain , Cardinal Thierry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere we present the ability of Nd3+-doped zinc-phosphate glasses to be shaped into rectangular core fibers. At first, the physico-chemical properties of the developed P2O5-based materials are investigated for different concentrations of neodymium oxide and core and cladding glass compositions are selected for further fiber development. A modified stack-and-draw technique is used to produce multimode large rectangular-core optical fibers. Self-guided nonlinear effects acting as spatial beam reshaping processes occurring in these newly-developed photonic structures lead to the generation of spectral broadenings in the visible and near-infrared spectral domains.
Graphic Abstract
Intelligent windows for electricity generation: A technologies review
Authors: Castillo Manlio Salas , Liu Xiao , Abd-AlHamid Fedaa , Connelly Karen , Wu Yupeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBuildings are responsible for over 40% of total primary energy consumption in the US and EU and therefore improving building energy efficiency has significant potential for obtaining net-zero energy buildings reducing energy consumption. The concurrent demands of environmental comfort and the need to improve energy efficiency for both new and existing buildings have motivated research into finding solutions for the regulation of incoming solar radiation, as well as ensuring occupant thermal and visual comfort whilst generating energy onsite. Windows as building components offer the opportunity of addressing these issues in buildings. Building integration of photovoltaics permits building components such as semi-transparent façade, skylights and shading devices to be replaced with PV. Much progress has been made in photovoltaic material science, where smart window development has evolved in areas such as semi-transparent PV, electrochromic and thermochromic materials, luminescent solar concentrator and the integration of each of the latter technologies to buildings, specifically windows. This paper presents a review on intelligent window technologies that integrate renewable energy technologies with energy-saving strategies contributing potential solutions towards sustainable zero-energy buildings. This review is a comprehensive evaluation of intelligent windows focusing on state-of-the-art development in windows that can generate electricity and their electrical, thermal and optical characteristics. This review provides a summary of current work in intelligent window design for energy generation and gives recommendations for further research opportunities.
Control Evaluation of Antagonistic Series Elastic Actuation for a Robotic Endoscope Joint
Authors: Fasel Lorin , Gerig Nicolas , Cattin Philippe C. , Rauter Georg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHaptic feedback is typically missing during telemanipulation of surgical robots in minimally invasive surgeries, i.e., surgeons cannot feel the interaction forces between the instruments and tissues. Instead, surgeons have to solely rely on visual feedback, which increases complexity of guiding the instruments and poses the safety threat of unperceivable contacts outside the field of view. We propose a novel series elastic actuation design for articulated robotic endoscopes to overcome these limitations and evaluate an according device with one joint. Similar to the actuation of human fingers, the joint is driven by antagonistic tendons. Springs are integrated in the transmission between the tendons and the motors outside of the endoscope shaft. We estimated the joint angle and thereby the endoscope shape, measured spring deflection, estimated tendon forces from that deflection, and implemented force control for the endoscope joint. Zero torque control and impedance control were evaluated under application of both a continuous force and an impact force to the endoscope tip. The springs reduced impact forces at the tip of the endoscope through their inherent compliance. At the same time, feeding back the estimated force resulted in a stable tendon force control and a tunable endoscope joint control: Zero torque control effectively reduced the external forces, while the endoscope joint showed the expected stiffness in impedance control. These results show that antagonistic series elastic actuation is a promising concept for endoscope joint actuation and that it can lead towards safer robot–tissue interactions in surgical robotics.
Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined with Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Giuliano Francois , Joussain Charles , Denys Pierre , Laurin Miguel , Behr-Roussel Delphine , Assaly Rana 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundBotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has a variety of uses in medicine. Some evidence suggests that intracavernosal (ic) BTX-A injection administered in addition to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) could effectively treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in insufficient responders to PDE5-Is.AimTo provide experimental pharmacological evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA ic alone or in combination with PDE5-Is for difficult-to-treat ED. We thus compared the effects of BTX-A ic alone and BTX-A ic combined with PDE5-I iv, and a placebo treatment ic or iv.MethodsErectile function was evaluated following cavernous nerve electrical stimulation (6 V, 1-millisecond pulse, 45-second duration) at different frequencies (0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 Hz) in 4 groups (n = 8 / group) of anesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats, a robust animal model of ED of vascular origin. Rats were treated by onabotulinumtoxinA 10U or saline ic 1 week prior to erectile function testing and sildenafil (0.3 mg/kg) or saline iv 4 minutes prior to testing. Frequency-response curves were compared with a 2 way ANOVA.OutcomesBoth onabotulinumtoxinA ic, and sildenafil iv significantly improved erectile responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats, however the effect was greatly amplified when the treatments were combined.ResultsIntracavernosal pressure and/or mean arterial pressure ratios were significantly increased by sildenafil and onabotulinumtoxinA ic versus the control condition. OnabotulinumtoxinA 10U ic combined with sildenafil iv significantly potentiated erectile responses. Area under the curve and/or mean arterial pressure ratio increased by 19% with sildenafil iv, by 15% with onabotulinumtoxinA ic and by 58% with the combined treatment following cavernous nerve electrical stimulation at 6V, 1 ms, 10 Hz: these stimulation parameters elicited the maximal erectile response.Clinical TranslationThese data provide a pharmacological rationale for the combined administration of onabotulinumtoxinA ic and sildenafil iv since the effects of both treatments were potentiated when their administration was combined.Strengths & LimitationsFirst evidence of a synergistic pro-erectile effect of BTX-A combined with PDE5-I, however the mechanism behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic remains hypothetical.ConclusionsThese results support further studies into the mechanisms behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic, as well as multicenter randomized control trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BTX-A ic combined with sildenafil for difficult-to-treat ED.
The chameleonic nature of freedom: notes on the concept offahafahanain the Highlands of Madagascar
Authors: Gardini Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the conceptual and practical meanings offahafahana(‘freedom’ in Malagasy) in the Highlands of Madagascar, a context where the legacies of past forms of slavery have left deep marks both in local memories and in social and economic hierarchies. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which specific notions of freedom have been elaborated against the background of the local history of slavery and emancipation; how these concepts have been charged with different meanings in different periods of Malagasy history, becoming an arena for the elaboration of different political agendas; and how people of different status, class, gender and age reframe the concept of freedom in their everyday lives. Local notions of freedom emerge as part of the local political commentaries through which power positions are accepted, renegotiated or contested, and they intersect deeply with local notions of honour and respectability. The idea that freedom is somehow related to issues of genealogical purity and to the ability to maintain and improve the wealth and dignity of the family continues to characterize local understandings and representations of this notion, signalling that the legacies of what it meant to be ‘free’ when slavery was still a legal institution still inform and shape current power structures and local social commentaries.
Deficit or Austerity Bias? The Changing Nature of Canadians’ Opinion of Fiscal Policies
Authors: Jacques Olivier , Bélanger Éric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic choice theory suggests that citizens have a deficit bias: they approve governments for running large deficits that increase spending or reduce taxes. In contrast, others contend that citizens reward governments for balanced budgets. We contribute to this debate by modelling a popularity function for the Canadian federal government and show that the impact of fiscal policies on the executive's popularity changes over time. Until the early 1990s, Canadians preferred budget deficits. As deficits became unsustainable during the economic crisis of the early 1990s, the government shifted its fiscal policy paradigm, as balancing the budget became its primary fiscal objective and citizens were actively concerned about the deficits. Since 1993, citizens’ deficit bias morphed into an austerity bias: executive approval increases when deficits are reduced. These findings contribute to comparative political economy research by assessing how policy regimes and public preferences reinforce each other.
The Place of Constitutional Conventions in the Constitutional Architecture, and in the Courts
Authors: Macfarlane Emmett 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Supreme Court's recent invocation of the “constitutional architecture” in theSenate Reform Referencehas led a number of scholars to question the status of constitutional conventions in the legal, as opposed to political, constitution. Has the Court, without expressly saying so, transformed at least some conventions into constitutional law? This would be a serious rupture, not only from existing precedent on the justiciability of conventions but also from the traditional understanding of conventions as binding political rules. In light of this recent scholarly debate, an exploration of the profound consequences of entrenching conventions in the legal constitution is warranted, as it implicates the meaning of constitutional conventions, their creation, their relation to law, and their enforcement. Judicial entrenchment of conventions would be a dangerous violation of the separation of powers and would have negative consequences for the functioning of Canada's system of government and for the future of constitutional change.
Are all antidepressants the same? The consumer has a point
Authors: Camino Sebastian , Strejilevich Sergio A. , Godoy Antonella , Smith Jose , Szmulewicz Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a large variety of antidepressants agents (AD) with different mechanisms of action are available, no significant differences in efficacy and safety have been shown. However, there have been few attempts to incorporate data on subjective experiences under different AD.MethodWe conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the posts from the websitewww.askapatient.comfrom different AD. We reviewed a random sample of 1000 posts.ResultAfter applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a final sample of 450 posts, 50 on each of the most used AD: sertraline, citalopram, paroxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, and bupropion. Bupropion, citalopram, and venlafaxine had the higher overall satisfaction ratings. Sertraline, paroxetine, and fluoxetine had high reports of emotional blunting, while bupropion very few. Overall satisfaction with AD treatment was inversely associated with the presence of the following side-effects: suicidality, irritability, emotional blunting, cognitive disturbances, and withdrawal symptoms. After adjusting for confounders, only emotional blunting was shown to be more frequently reported by users of serotonergic agents, as compared to non-serotoninergic agents.ConclusionThis research points out that the subjective experience of patients under treatment should be taken into consideration when selecting an AD as differences between agents were evident. In contrast to the more frequent treatment decisions, users might prefer receiving a non-serotoninergic agent over a serotonergic one due to their lower propensity to produce emotional blunting.
Calcium Imaging and Electrophysiology of hippocampal Activity under Anesthesia and natural Sleep in Mice
Authors: Formozov Andrey , Chini Mattia , Dieter Alexander , Yang Wei , Pöpplau Jastyn A. , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Wiegert J. Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe acute effects of anesthesia and their underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Thus, comprehensive analysis and efficient generalization require their description in various brain regions. Here we describe a large-scale, annotated collection of 2-photon calcium imaging data and multi-electrode, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in CA1 of the murine hippocampus under three distinct anesthetics (Isoflurane, Ketamine/Xylazine and Medetomidine/Midazolam/Fentanyl), during natural sleep, and wakefulness. We cover several aspects of data quality standardization and provide a set of tools for autonomous validation, along with analysis workflows for reuse and data exploration. The datasets described here capture various aspects of neural activity in hundreds of pyramidal cells at single cell resolution. In addition to relevance for basic biological research, the dataset may find utility in computational neuroscience as a benchmark for models of anesthesia and sleep.
Clinical outcomes and revision rates following four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Charalampidis Anastasios , Hejrati Nader , Ramakonar Hari , Kalsi Pratipal S. , Massicotte Eric M. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies on outcomes after four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) are limited in the literature. The purpose of this study was to report on clinical outcomes and revision rates following four-level ACDF. Patients operated with four-level ACDF were identified in a prospectively accrued single institution database. Outcome scores included the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain. Reoperation rates were determined. Any complications were identified from a review of the medical records. Twenty-eight patients with a minimum of 12 months follow up were included in the analysis. The mean age at surgery was 58.5 years. The median radiographic follow up time was 23 (IQR = 16–31.25) months. Cervical lordosis was significantly improved postoperatively (− 1 to − 13, p < 0.001). At the median 24 (IQR = 17.75–39.50) months clinical follow up time, there was a significant improvement in the NDI (38 to 28, p = 0.046) and VAS for neck pain scores (5.1 to 3, p = 0.012). The most common perioperative complication was transient dysphagia (32%) followed by hoarseness (14%). Four (14%) patients required revision surgery at a median 11.5 (IQR = 2–51) months postoperatively. The results of this study indicate that patients who undergo four-level ACDF have a significant improvement in clinical outcomes at median 24 months follow up. Stand-alone four-level ACDF is a valid option for the management of complex cervical degenerative conditions.