bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative characterization of sugar beet fibers to sugar beet pectin and octenyl succinic anhydride modified maltodextrin in aqueous solutions using viscometry, conductometry, tensiometry and component analysis
Authors: Maravić Nikola , Šereš Zita , Krstonošić Veljko , Dokić Petar , Teslić Nemanja , Dokić Ljubica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge about specific functional characteristics, such as viscosimetric, conductometric, tensiometric and structural properties of polysaccharide aqueous solutions is highly important in the successful and adequate application in food emulsion formulation. For the first time detailed characterization of sugar beet fibers aqueous solutions in comparison to high molecular weight (sugar beet pectin) and low molecular weight [octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) maltodextrin] hydrocolloids/stabilizers was performed through viscometry, conductometry, tensiometry and component analysis.RESULTSSugar beet fibers and its water‐soluble fraction were investigated. All sugar beet fiber samples showed substantial surface‐active properties but different effect on the viscosity values of aqueous solutions. Sugar beet pectin had higher impact on aqueous solutions viscosity values compared to sugar beet fiber samples. Structural bonding between investigated polysaccharides were evaluated through conductometric measurements. Intermolecular linking and probable embedding of OSA maltodextrin molecules into the sugar beet fiber complex structure was detected in conductometric studies. The increased concentration of sugar beet fibers in the presence of sugar beet pectin led to the accelerated increase in specific conductivity values indicating effects of ‘macromolecular crowding’, intermolecular and intramolecular conformation changes and charge formation.CONCLUSIONSDetailed characterization of sugar beet fibers provided scientific insight towards fundamental characteristics of sugar beet fiber aqueous solutions. The presented characteristics are particularly applicable in the field of food emulsion stabilization due to the presented surface‐active properties of sugar beet fibers as well as specific characteristics of investigated multi‐polysaccharide systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐parameter families of Legendre curves and plane line congruences
Authors: Kabata Yutaro , Takahashi Masatomo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFamilies of curves in the Euclidean plane naturally contain singular curves, where the frame of classical differential geometry does not work well. We introduce the notions of one‐parameter family of Legendre curves in the Euclidean plane, congruent equivalence and curvature. Especially, a one‐parameter family of Legendre curves can contain singular curves, and is determined by the curvature up to congruence. We also give properties of one‐parameter families of Legendre curves. As applications, we give a relation between one‐parameter families of Legendre curves and Legendre surfaces. Moreover, we study plane line congruences (one‐parameter families of lines in plane) in terms of the curvatures as one‐parameter families of Legendre curves.
Active multitask learning with uncertainty‐weighted loss for coronary calcium scoring
Authors: Föllmer Bernhard , Biavati Federico , Wald Christian , Stober Sebastian , Ma Jackie , Dewey Marc , Samek Wojciech 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe coronary artery calcification (CAC) score is an independent marker for the risk of cardiovascular events. Automatic methods for quantifying CAC could reduce workload and assist radiologists in clinical decision‐making. However, large annotated datasets are needed for training to achieve very good model performance, which is an expensive process and requires expert knowledge. The number of training data required can be reduced in an active learning scenario, which requires only the most informative samples to be labeled. Multitask learning techniques can improve model performance by joint learning of multiple related tasks and extraction of shared informative features.MethodsWe propose an uncertainty‐weighted multitask learning model for coronary calcium scoring in electrocardiogram‐gated (ECG‐gated), noncontrast‐enhanced cardiac calcium scoring CT. The model was trained to solve the two tasks of coronary artery region segmentation (weak labels) and coronary artery calcification segmentation (strong labels) simultaneously in an active learning scenario to improve model performance and reduce the number of samples needed for training. We compared our model with a single‐task U‐Net and a sequential‐task model as well as other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The model was evaluated on 1275 individual patients in three different datasets (DISCHARGE, CADMAN, orCaScore), and the relationship between model performance and various influencing factors (image noise, metal artifacts, motion artifacts, image quality) was analyzed.ResultsJoint learning of multiclass coronary artery region segmentation and binary coronary calcium segmentation improved calcium scoring performance. Since shared information can be learned from both tasks for complementary purposes, the model reached optimal performance with only 12% of the training data and one‐third of the labeling time in an active learning scenario. We identified image noise as one of the most important factors influencing model performance along with anatomical abnormalities and metal artifacts.ConclusionsOur multitask learning approach with uncertainty‐weighted loss improves calcium scoring performance by joint learning of shared features and reduces labeling costs when trained in an active learning scenario.
EETTlib—Energy‐efficient train timetabling library
Authors: Bärmann Andreas , Gemander Patrick , Hager Lukas , Nöth Frederik , Schneider Oskar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe introduce EETTlib, an instance library for the Energy‐Efficient Train Timetabling problem. The task in this problem is to adjust a given timetable draft such that the energy consumption of the resulting railway traffic is minimized. To this end, the departure times of the trains can be slightly, and their velocity profiles on each trip can be modified. We provide real‐world data originating from two research projects in this field, one with Deutsche Bahn AG, the most important railway company in Germany, the other with VAG Verkehrs‐Aktiengesellschaft, the operator of public transport in the city of Nürnberg, Germany. In both cases, our library contains representative data on the relevant operational constraints and supports various possible choices for the objective function with respect to energy‐efficiency. The resulting benchmark instances can be used by the scheduling and timetabling community to improve their models and algorithms. They are available under https://www.eettlib.fau.de.
Sparse feedback stabilization in high‐order linear systems
Authors: Tang Anping , Hu Guang‐Da , Cong Yuhao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the column sparsity of the feedback stabilization gain matrix in high‐order linear systems. By means of a special matrix norm and the state transition matrix quadratic cost function (SQF) of the systems, the sparse feedback stabilization controller design problem is formulated as a regularized SQF optimization problem. We further derive the proximal mapping of the special matrix norm, and then based on the gradient descent of the SQF part of the objective function, the proximal gradient method is introduced to develop an algorithm for solving the non‐smooth optimization problem. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The effect of flaxseed oil consumtion on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Karim Yasir Salam , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Akhmedov Kholmurod S. , Yasin Ghulam , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Shoukat Shehla , Najm Mazin A.A. , Amraei Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the overall effects of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure (BP) in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched until March 31, 2020, to find RCTs that examined the effect of flaxseed oil consumption on BP. Weighed mean difference (WMD) was pooled using a random‐effects model. Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Meta‐analysis of five trials (6 arms) showed significant reductions in systolic (WMD: −3.86 mmHg, 95% CI: −7.59 to −0.13, p = .04) BP (SBP) after flaxseed oil consumption. However, the overall effect illustrated no significant change in diastolic (WMD: −1.71 mmHg, 95% CI: −3.67 to 0.26, p = .09) BP (DBP) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Our findings revealed that flaxseed oil consumption has favorable effects on SBP in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidence.
Finite‐time consensus for second‐order leader‐following multi‐agent systems with external disturbances and internal nonlinear dynamics based on event‐triggered pinning strategy
Authors: Luo Yiping , Gao Xitong , Cao Jinde , Kashkynbayev Ardak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe finite‐time consensus problem for leader‐following systems was evaluated under external disturbances and internal nonlinear dynamics. A model with nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances was proposed to make the systems more realistic. The event‐triggered pinning control strategy was used in second‐order multiagent systems to address the problem of the agents' continuous communication. A new event‐triggered control function was designed, and a finite‐time controller was constructed using an integral sliding‐mode algorithm. The systems can be proven to achieve consensus in the expected convergence time, which can be obtained using finite‐time and Lyapunov stability theories. Moreover, the Zeno behavior can be proven to avoid event‐triggered controllers. Finally, a numerical example was presented to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
Word Knowledge Instruction: We Can Walk and Chew Gum at the Same Time
Authors: Ganske Kathy , Heller Mia C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough development of young children’s vocabulary knowledge is critical for their literacy, it often is neglected in classrooms, especially those pressed for time. In this article we explore a literacy coach’s implementation of SAIL (Survey, Analyze, Interpret, Link), an instructional framework that integrates academic vocabulary (AV) development with development of children’s orthographic knowledge during small‐group word‐study instruction. We also examine the teacher’s talk moves and their relationship to students’ learning of AV. The context is a pullout intervention with kindergarten and first‐grade children in a lower‐performing school. We identified five, teacher talk moves that characterize the AV instruction and describe them through transcript excerpts. Children demonstrated significant growth in orthographic knowledge and in learning taught AV. Our discoveries provide support for integration of these two areas. Integration provided a meaningful context for AV learning and opportunity for more efficient teaching, without detriment to learning in either area.
First and Second Conversations: Remote Learning and Interpretive Boundaries
Authors: Hassenfeld Ziva R. , Bogard Geraldine , Fenwick Natalie , Stanhill Hadassah , Troper‐Hochstein Gavriella 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines the nature of student‐to‐student text discussion in a dialogically organized remote classroom. Conducted as teacher research, I investigated student talk in a PreK‐1st grade biblical literature class. In the fall of 2020, I taught a biblical literature class to a fully remote PreK‐1st grade cohort in a Jewish independent school on the East Coast. Four undergraduate research assistants from the SCRoLL education lab helped with ongoing data analysis. Through self‐study of my teaching and classroom, I discovered the ways that the remote setting shaped intensive text discussion, facilitating students' comfort stepping into their own interpretive authority and moving past the classroom fixture of teacher as interpretive authority. In the remote classroom, the students comfortably moved between the first conversation, the meaning of the text, and the second conversation, competing conventions for determining the meaning of the text. I conclude with suggestions for how teachers interested in dialogically organized classrooms can carry the assets of the remote classroom forward.
The Evolution of Data Spaces
Authors: Otto Boris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role data plays in enterprises is changing as the digital transformation in many sectors gains speed. New business opportunities through data-driven innovation emerge from data sharing in ecosystems. In ecosystems, the interest of the individual must be brought into alignment with the interest of the ecosystem. Trust between participants, data interoperability, and data sovereignty are key requirements which can be met by data spaces. Data spaces are a distributed data integration concept which is taken up by consortia aiming at supporting ecosystem. GAIA-X and IDS specify reference architectures for distributed data infrastructures and data spaces, respectively. While the benefits of data spaces for a fair data economy are recognized by business and policy makers, a deeper understanding is required about the design and evolution of data spaces. This chapter introduces fundamental concepts, identifies design tasks and options, and, thus, provides guidance for the establishment of data spaces.
Blockchain Technology and International Data Spaces
Authors: Prinz Wolfgang , Rose Thomas , Urbach Nils 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe core objective of the concept of International Data Spaces (IDS) is to enable controlled exchange and sharing of data between organizations, regardless of the type of data. Sharing of data will generate services that become an asset while data providers maintain their sovereignty. IDS furnish a technology enabler for implementing data economies to exchange data and knowledge, which are according to usage policies. Thus, data turns into an economic asset. However, once data have been provided toward IDS, sovereignty of data owners is of pivotal importance, as well as the question of its use and the transfer of incentives to providers. At this point, blockchain technology enters the ballpark. It is instrumental for the implementation and operation of clearing houses as trading platform for data provision and knowledge utilization. The aim of this chapter is to examine and discuss the role of blockchain for IDS. Next to general blockchain foundations and potentials, blockchain’s specific potential for IDS is discussed and its application is demonstrated by four compelling use cases.
Federated Data Integration in Data Spaces
Authors: Jarke Matthias , Quix Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData Spaces form a network for sovereign data sharing. In this chapter, we explore the implications that the IDS reference architecture will have on typical scenarios of federated data integration and question answering processes. After a classification of data integration scenarios and their special requirements, we first present a workflow-based solution for integrated data materialization that has been used in several IDS use cases. We then discuss some limitations of such approaches and propose an additional approach based on logic formalisms and machine learning methods that promise to reduce data traffic, security, and privacy risks while helping users to select more meaningful data sources.
How to Build, Run, and Govern Data Spaces
Authors: Nagel Lars , Lycklama Douwe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter is a result of a collaborative effort between data space and industrial domain experts to define cross-sectoral and across initiatives fundamental design principles to build data spaces. A joint paper of this dimension is unique and a great step with regard to the convergence of the large initiatives on data sharing in Europe. The starting point is the implementation in five years of the vision defined by EU Strategy for Data. In that world multiple data spaces will have been widely adopted across Europe, organizations and individuals will have control over their data and a digital world with less dominance of, and dependency on, large, quasi-monopolistic players has been formed. In the following, the way forward is elaborated with fundamentals of data spaces as well as common building blocks describing how the design principles for all sectors are applied to reveal sector-specific benefit. Furthermore, a proposal for governance and business models for data spaces on a collaborative and individual level is presented. Finally, the roadmap for co-creating the soft infrastructure underlying European data spaces is drawn.
Data Platform Solutions
Authors: Tocco Fabrice , Lafaye Laurent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrivate and public organizations hoard troves of data yet remain unable to unlock its full business potential. Data exchange platforms powered by adapted technology and driven by data exchange strategies act as catalysts to develop data ecosystems and data spaces, accelerate data circulation, and liberate its value.Data spaces are powerful business, innovation, and societal enablers, whose growth and success rely on their ability to foster and develop trust.Data exchange platforms contribute a lot to building trust as they provide the required tools and automation to data acquirers, data providers, and data exchange services providers to operate at scale within secure and compliant environments.New and upcoming European regulatory frameworks also contribute to raising trust as they foster a harmonized data ecosystem across member states and define the rules of engagement between businesses, governments, and individuals engaged in data sharing and exchange.Additionally, data exchange environments must provide traceability at all levels of the data transactions, which is particularly needed in increasingly complex data ecosystems.Finally, in order to provide the flexibility required to answer the needs of complex, distributed, and heterogeneous environments, different models of data exchange governance are necessary.
Data Space Based on Mass Customization Model
Authors: Chen Lucheng , Xie Haiqin , Yang Wen , Xiao Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe industrial Internet has brought the biggest economic opportunity since the mobile Internet. Haier started the exploration of intelligentization, networking, and informationalization as early as 2005 and gradually launched an industrial Internet platform COSMOPlat with independent intellectual property rights. In COSMOPlat, traditional mass manufacturing model is replaced by mass customization model (MCM), in which production is driven by users’ order rather than inventory. What the model achieved is not simply automation but also real intelligent manufacturing with high efficiency driven by high precision. With users’ participation in the whole process, manufacturing is precisely made according to the users’ dynamic needs, which will better meet actual requirements.The article provides an overview of the mass customization model of COSMOPlat and how it facilitates enterprises for digital transformation and upgrade. Also indicated are the successful use cases in application.
International Data Spaces in a Nutshell
Authors: Pettenpohl Heinrich , Spiekermann Markus , Both Jan Ruben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInternational Data Spaces (IDS) enable the sovereign and self-determined exchange of data via a standardized connection across company boundaries. They address the many challenges in the overarching use of data in terms of interoperability, transparency, trust, security, and adaptation by a critical mass. For this purpose, the IDS develops a standardized architecture, which is described and continuously updated in the IDSA Reference Architecture Model (RAM) document. The core of the underlying concept is the linkage of data and usage conditions and their organizational and technical processing and enforcement. Organizational roles and responsibilities are considered on the one hand, and various technical components are defined on the other. The core of the architecture thereby, in contrast to existing solutions and approaches of completely centralized or decentralized architectures, is the paradigm of a federated structure. This enables the actual (raw) data to be exchanged exclusively between the participants without the need for a third party or a central data store. The chapter gives an overview of this approach and provides insights in terms of objectives, roles, and components that are used to enable sovereign data exchange. It enables a basic understanding of the core concept and assessing the impact of such an architecture approach.
Legal Aspects of IDS: Data Sovereignty—What Does It Imply?
Authors: Duisberg Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe claim of data sovereignty is inherently linked to putting the legal instruments and tools in the hands of each participant in the ecosystem, allowing freedom of contract as well as ensuring that exercising data exchange and consorted data usage in the data economy is in compliance with general and specific regulations, ranging from anti-trust to GDPR and cyber-security regulations as well as sector specific regulations. The IDS provides a framework and a technology to allow the parties to limit their transaction costs and to ensure effective enforcement through the concept of usage control. In a future world, this will include increased automation of contract execution (conclusion, performance, and enforcement), whereas the steps to reach that goal are plentiful and, as of now, still require to “set the scene” with the means of the traditional contractual agreements. This article provides an overview and orientation on the key legal areas and aspects to consider for stakeholders, participants, and the business more generally and in the application of the IDS architecture.