bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autosegmentation of brain metastases using 3D FCNN models and methods to manage GPU memory limitations
Authors: Bognar Joshua , Ramachandran Prabhakar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims. To explore the efficacy of two different approaches to train a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) with Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) memory limitations and investigate if pre-trained two-dimensional weights can be transferred into a three-dimensional model for the purpose of brain tumour segmentation. Materials and methods. Models were developed in Python using TensorFlow and Keras. T1 contrast-enhanced MRI scans and associated contouring data from 104 patients were used to train and validate the model. The data was resized to one-quarter of its original resolution, and the original data was also split into four quarters for comparison to fit within GPU limitations. Transferred weights from a two-dimensional VGG16 model trained on ImageNet were transformed into three dimensions for comparison with randomly generated initial weights. Results. Resizing the data produced superior dice similarity coefficients with fewer false positives than quartering the data. Quartering the data yielded a superior sensitivity. Transforming and transferring two-dimensional weights was not able to consistently produce improvement in training or final metrics. Conclusion. For segmentation of brain tumours, resizing the data results in better performance than quartering the data. For the model and approaches used in this report, transferring weights were not able to demonstrate any benefit.
Study of the performance change in digital mammography systems depending on the total number of examinations
Authors: Kaya Karaaslan Melike , Muzoğlu Nedim , Gündoğdu Özcan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Digital mammography equipment should operate at a high-performance level for detecting breast cancer over the lifetime of the systems. This study investigates the performance of the Fujifilm Amulet Innovality full-field digital mammography system in relation to the number of exposures. The performance of twelve systems, from new and up to 17 000 examinations, was compared. The x-ray output, half-value layer (HVL), contrast-detail (C-D) detectability, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), mean glandular dose (MGD), signal transfer property (STP), pre-sampled modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized noise power spectra (NNPS), detective quantum efficiency (DQE) tests were performed to determine the performance change. The noise sources were also analyzed in the spatial domain. The x-ray output and HVL values at 28 kV with tungsten anode and rhodium filter were 15 μGy/mAs ± 1.0 (coefficient of variation (cov) = 7.0%) and 0.54 mmAl ± 0.008 (cov = 1.5%), respectively. The average MGDs for 60 mm equivalent breast to reach the achievable image quality level for 0.1 mm and 0.25 mm detail diameters of circular discs on the CDMAM 3.4 phantom image were 1.17 mGy ± 0.13 (cov = 11%) and 1.40 mGy ± 0.09 (cov = 6%), respectively. The average MGD for 53 mm equivalent breast was 1.08 mGy ± 0.14 (cov = 13%) at dose setting Normal in automatic exposure control (AEC) mode. All tested devices demonstrated good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.999 in the STP curves. The average MTF at 5.0 mm−1 spatial frequency was 0.66 ± 0.007 (cov = 1.0%). The average NNPS was 2.38 × 10−6 mm2 ± 2.13 × 10−7 (cov = 9.0%) at 5.0 mm−1. The average DQE value at 5.0 mm−1 was 0.33 ± 0.02 (cov = 5.0%), and the mean peak DQE was 0.66 ± 0.03 (cov = 5.0%). The mean power coefficient (b), determined from the power relationship between linearised standard deviation and detector dose while analyzing noise sources, was 0.49 ± 0.007 (cov = 1.4%). There was no gradual change in the x-ray tube and detector performance by the number of exposures, and taking up to 68 000 images did not decrease the quality of the systems.
Fault diagnosis algorithm for 3-phase passive rectifiers based on frequency-domain analysis for acceleration grid power supply in CFETR NBI system
Authors: ZHU Bangyou , MA Shaoxiang , ZHANG Hongqi , LI Zhiheng , ZHANG Ming , PAN Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The acceleration grid power supply (AGPS) is a crucial part of the Negative-ion Neutral Beam Injection system in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, which includes a 3-phase passive (diode) rectifier. To diagnose and localize faults in the rectifier, this paper proposes a frequency-domain analysis-based fault diagnosis algorithm for the rectifier in AGPS. First, time-domain expressions and spectral characteristics of the output voltage of the TPTL-NPC inverter-based power supply are analyzed. Then, frequency-domain analysis-based fault diagnosis and frequency-domain analysis-based sub-fault diagnosis algorithms are proposed to diagnose open circuit (OC) faults of diode(s), which benefit from the analysis of harmonics magnitude and phase-angle of the output voltage. Only a fundamental period is needed to diagnose and localize exact faults, and a strong Variable-duration Fault Detection Method is proposed to identify acceptable ripple from OC faults. Detailed simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, quickness, and robustness of the proposed algorithms, and the diagnosis algorithms proposed in this article provide a significant method for the fault diagnosis of other rectifiers and converters.
Coulomb interaction mediated tuning of surface plasmon resonances in terahertz hole arrays
Authors: Sajeev Vaishnavi , Jana Arun , Mallick Soumyajyoti , Devi Koijam Monika , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Resonance excitation of surface plasmons in sub-wavelength periodic apertures (popularly known as hole arrays) is typically decided by its lattice configurations and constituent material characteristics. Therefore, the excitation frequency of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) in hole arrays is not easy to alter without modifying these basic structural parameters. However, we experimentally demonstrate modulation of SPR frequency by carefully incorporating an additional hole of similar geometry. By suitably modifying the relative positions between the holes inside the unit cell (fixed lattice parameters), we have tailored the SPR excitation frequency. Predominantly, we attribute such frequency detuning to near-field Coulomb interactions in between the holes that can modify the effective permittivity of the hole arrays, hence SPR characteristics. In totality, our experiments demonstrate a 7.6% shift in the SPR frequency. Further, all the experimental findings are explained through elaborate electromagnetic simulations that helped to acquire deeper physical insights related to the SPR excitation. We believe such near-field effect-based resonance tuning can find potential applications in realizing SPR-based sensors, tunable filters, and tunable non-linear devices operating in the terahertz (THz) domain.
Dynamic mechanical behavior of mono/synthetic-natural fiber composites—a review
Authors: Krishnasamy Prabu , C K Arvinda Pandian , G Rajamurugan , T Jayaraman , Maniyambath Akash , J Kesav Chandran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, fiber-based polymer composites have been subjected to direct and indirect dynamic loads in various applications. However, the dynamic behavior of the fiber composites is crucially influenced due to excitation frequency, temperature, fiber length, fiber loading, and other geometrical constraints. The effectiveness of viscoelastic property on fiber composite ensures reliability and minimizes the effects of dynamic loading in structural applications. Limited reviews have reported the viscoelastic performance of natural fiber composite through DMA. Notably, the previous review articles lagged in addressing the performance affecting parameters such as frequency, temperature, fiber type, fiber loading, filler type, etc. This review has two parts: the viscoelastic performance of mono and synthetic natural fiber composites. The present review aims to express a broad understanding of natural fiber polymer composites, DMA analysis, and viscoelastic performance. Also, this study detailed DMA performance affecting factors. Comprehensively, the reviewed works revealed that Visco elastic performance of mono (Matrix-natural) /synthetic-natural fiber composites is extensively influenced by excitation frequency, temperature, length of the fiber, fiber loading, and type/size of filler particles. Further, a boundless opportunity is available to enhance the DMA performance fiber reinforced composites.
Identification of city motifs: a method based on modularity and similarity between hierarchical features of urban networks
Authors: Domingues Guilherme S , Tokuda Eric K , da F Costa Luciano 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several natural and theoretical networks can be broken down into smaller portions, henceforth called neighborhoods. The more frequent of these can then be understood as motifs of the network, being therefore important for better characterizing and understanding of its overall structure. Several developments in network science have relied on this interesting concept, with ample applications in areas including systems biology, computational neuroscience, economy and ecology. The present work aims at reporting a methodology capable of automatically identifying motifs respective to streets networks, i.e. graphs obtained from city plans by considering street junctions and terminations as nodes while the links are defined by the streets. Interesting results are described, including the identification of nine characteristic motifs, which have been obtained by three important considerations: (i) adoption of five hierarchical measurements to locally characterize the neighborhoods of nodes in the streets networks; (ii) adoption of an effective coincidence similarity methodology for translating datasets into networks; and (iii) definition of the motifs in statistical terms by using community finding methodology. The nine identified motifs are characterized and discussed from several perspectives, including their mutual similarity, visualization, histograms of measurements, and geographical adjacency in the original cities. Also presented is the analysis of the effect of the adopted features on the obtained networks as well as a simple supervised learning method capable of assigning reference motifs to cities.
1039 RECEIVING ASSISTANCE FROM DOMESTIC ROBOTS: WHAT ARE ELDERS’ PREFERENCES?
Authors: Lee L Y K , Yeung C K , Choi C W , Leung M N , Lui S Y , Tam W Y , Tang K Y , Wong C S , Wong Y S , Yau C Y , Yeung T L , Lee J K L , Chui D L K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Aging leads to decline in physical and functional ability. Strengthening the domestic support enables elders to manage their health and living at home and reduce their need for residential service. Domestic robots can potentially provide a broad range of support to the elders. However, relatively little research attention has investigated elders’ preferences on it. This study aims to investigate elders’ preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots.

Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a convenient sample of 365 robotic inexperienced elders (65-99 years old). It used the Assistance Preference Checklist to assess participants’ preferences on receiving assistance from domestic robots in 48 home-based tasks under six aspects including personal care, leisure activities, health assistance, chores, information management, and manipulating objects. It used t-test and one-way analysis of variance to compare the difference in preferences between participants with different demographic and health characteristics.

Results
Overall, participants preferred domestic robots to assist in tasks under the aspect on chores, information management, and manipulating objects. Specifically, males indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in maintaining lawn or raking leaves than females (p = 0.05). Married participants indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in getting information on weather/news than unmarried participants (p = 0.049). In contrast, participants who were partially dependent and fully dependent indicated a higher preference for domestic robots to assist in tasks under the personal care aspect such as shaving, bathing, washing/combing hair, getting dressed, walking, and brushing teeth (p &lt; 0.001), comparing to participants who were physically independent.

Conclusion
This study provides insight for manufacturers to develop domestic robots with specific capabilities which are important to support elders’ living in the community. Moreover, it helps the care providers to identify domestic robots with the required capabilities that meet elders’ specific preferences.
A clarification on the Boorse–Wakefield debate about health: Is the theoretical/therapeutic distinction dispensable?
Authors: Dussault Antoine C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although Boorse’s and Wakefield’s accounts of health are generally regarded as competing ones, they are in fact so only if they are aimed at the same concept. Some remarks made by Boorse and Wakefield, however, leave it unclear whether they are. On one possible interpretation, Boorse’s account aims at analysing a theoreticalconcept of abnormality, which ought to be distinguished from a more clinicalor therapeuticconcept, whereas Wakefield’s account aims at analysing a clinicalor therapeuticconcept. The debate between Boorse and Wakefield would then either be merely terminological, or would boil down to whether Boorse is correct to assert the existence of a theoreticalconcept of abnormality which ought to be distinguished from a clinicalor therapeuticone. This paper aims to clarify what is at stake between Boorse and Wakefield, by maintaining that their accounts are most plausibly interpreted as both being aimed towards a theoreticalconcept of abnormality.
Language Differences Among Individuals with Normal Cognition, Amnestic and Non-Amnestic MCI, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Folia Vasiliki , Morfakidou Renia , Siokas Vasileios , Yannakoulia Mary , Sakka Paraskevi , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Dardiotis Efthimios , Kosmidis Mary H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate differences in language performance among older adults with normal cognition (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (ad). Owing to the conflicting literature concerning MCI, discrepancies between amnestic (aMCI) and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) were explored in greater detail.

Method
The study sample was drawn from the older (&gt;64 years) HELIAD cohort. Language performance was assessed via semantic and phonemic fluency, confrontation naming, verbal comprehension, verbal repetition as well as a composite language index. Age, sex, and education adjusted general linear models were used to quantify potential pairwise differences in language performance.

Results
The present analysis involved 1607 participants with CN, 146 with aMCI [46 single and 100 multi-domain aMCI], 92 with naMCI [41 single and 51 multi-domain naMCI], and 79 with ad. The mean age and education of our predominantly female (60%) participants were 73.82 (±5.43) and 7.98 (±4.93) years, respectively. MCI individuals performed between those with CN and ad, whereas participants with aMCI performed worse compared to those with naMCI, especially in the semantic fluency and verbal comprehension tasks. Discrepancies between the aMCI and naMCI groups were driven by the exquisitely poor performance of multi-domain aMCI subgroup.

Conclusions
Overall, individuals could be hierarchically arranged in a continuum of language impairment with the CN individuals constituting the healthy reference and naMCI, aMCI, ad patients representing gradually declining classes in terms of language performance. Exploration of language performance via separation of single from multi-domain naMCI provided a potential explanation for the conflicting evidence of previous research.
A Direct Comparison of 10 WAIS-IV Digit Span Embedded Validity Indicators among a Mixed Neuropsychiatric Sample with Varying Degrees of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Resch Zachary J , Cerny Brian M , Ovsiew Gabriel P , Jennette Kyle J , Bing-Canar Hanaan , Rhoads Tasha , Soble Jason R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Reliable Digit Span (RDS), RDS-Revised (RDS-R), and age-corrected scaled score (ACSS) have been previously validated as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Digit Span subtest (WAIS-IV DS). However, few studies have directly compared the relative utility of these and other proposed WAIS-IV DS validity indicators within a single sample.

Method
This study compared classification accuracies of 10 WAIS-IV DS indices in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample of 227 outpatients who completed a standardized neuropsychological battery. Participants with ≤1 PVT failures of the four, freestanding criterion PVTs constituted the valid group (n = 181), whereas those with ≥2 PVT failures formed the invalid group (n = 46). Among the valid group, 113 met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Results
Classification accuracies for all DS indicators were statistically significant across the overall sample and subsamples with and without MCI, apart from indices derived from the Forward trial in the MCI sample. DS Sequencing ACSS, working memory RDS (wmRDS), and DS ACSS emerged as the most effective predictors of validity status, with acceptable to excellent classification accuracy for the overall sample (AUCs = 0.792–0.816; 35%–50% sensitivity/88%–96% specificity).

Conclusions
Although most DS indices demonstrated clinical utility as embedded PVTs, DS Sequencing ACSS, wmRDS, and DS ACSS may be particularly robust to cognitive impairment, minimizing risk of false positive errors while identifying noncredible performance. Moreover, DS indices incorporating data from multiple trials (i.e., wmRDS, DS ACSS) also generally yielded greater classification accuracy than those derived from a single trial.
XI—Parmenides of Elea and Xenophanes of Colophon: The Conceptually Deeper Connections
Authors: Mourelatos Alexander P D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to the influential Plato-Aristotle account, Parmenides advocates holistic monism (‘all things are one’), and Xenophanes anticipated him by advocating some version of monotheism. Over the last half-century or so, Parmenides studies have disputed this vulgate by arguing that Parmenides’ focus is on the nature of ‘what is’ (to eon), rather than on ‘the One’. Correspondingly, there has developed a tendency to minimize the philosophical importance of Xenophanes, by viewing him primarily as a reformer of Greek religious beliefs and as social critic. I argue that a close study of Xenophanes shows that he had developed a coherent naturalist or physicalist world-view. And this also allows us to gain deeper insights into Parmenides, by viewing the latter as generalizing Xenophanes’ critique of peculiarly ‘anthropist’ (or anthropomorphist) bias in our approach to the universe.Dedication: to Dan Graham
Development of crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Göndör Gabor , Ksiazek Sara H , Regele Heinz , Kronbichler Andreas , Knechtelsdorfer Maarten , Säemann Marcus D 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) comprises a histologic pattern of glomerular injury with different underlying diseases. Here we report on a 47-year-old female with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) on top of a previously diagnosed idiopathic MPGN after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine. After aggressive immunosuppression her serum creatinine returned to normal values, along with reduction of proteinuria. Recently, numerous publications have reported an association of glomerular diseases with COVID-19 vaccination. Our case presents to the best of our knowledge the first occurrence of possible association of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination with a crescentic form of MPGN.
Microvascular perfusion, perfused boundary region and glycocalyx shedding in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: results from the GlycoScore III study
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Dederichs Jennifer , Arjune Sita , Todorova Polina , Wöstmann Fabian , Antczak Philipp , Illerhaus Anja , Gathof Birgit , Grundmann Franziska , Müller Roman-Ulrich , Annecke Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Vascular abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction are part of the spectrum of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The mechanisms behind these manifestations, including potential effects on the endothelial surface layer (ESL) and glycocalyx integrity, remain unknown.

Methods
Forty-five ambulatory adult patients with ADPKD were enrolled in this prospective, observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study. Fifty-one healthy volunteers served as a control group. All participants underwent real-time microvascular perfusion measurements of the sublingual microcirculation using sidestream dark field imaging. After image acquisition, the perfused boundary region (PBR), an inverse parameter for red blood cell (RBC) penetration into the ESL, was automatically calculated. Microvascular perfusion was assessed by RBC filling and capillary density. Concentrations of circulating glycocalyx components were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
ADPKD patients showed a significantly larger PBR compared with healthy controls (2.09 ± 0.23 µm versus 1.79 ± 0.25 µm; P &lt; .001). This was accompanied by significantly lower RBC filling (70.4 ± 5.0% versus 77.9 ± 5.4%; P &lt; .001) as well as a higher valid capillary density {318/mm2 [interquartile range (IQR) 269–380] versus 273/mm2 [230–327]; P = .007}. Significantly higher plasma concentrations of heparan sulphate (1625 ± 807 ng/ml versus 1329 ± 316 ng/ml; P = .034), hyaluronan (111 ng/ml [IQR 79–132] versus 92 ng/ml [82–98]; P = .042) and syndecan-1 were noted in ADPKD patients compared with healthy controls (35 ng/ml [IQR 27–57] versus 29 ng/ml [23–42]; P = .035).

Conclusions
Dimensions and integrity of the ESL are impaired in ADPKD patients. Increased capillary density may be a compensatory mechanism for vascular dysfunction to ensure sufficient tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Elemental sulphur recovery from a sulphate-rich aqueous stream in a single hybrid linear flow channel reactor is mediated through microbial community dynamics and adaptation to reactor zones
Authors: Marais T S , Huddy R J , Harrison S T L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coupled application of biological sulphate reduction (BSR) and partial sulphide oxidation to treat sulphate-rich wastewater is an effective strategy to mitigate pollution and recover elemental sulphur for repurposing. The recent development of the hybrid linear flow channel reactor (LFCR) achieves simultaneous BSR and partial sulphide oxidation with biosulphur recovery via a floating sulphur biofilm (FSB). Here, we explore the microbial community zoning and dynamics facilitating the process. A total of three continuous LFCRs were used to evaluate the effect of reactor zones, hydraulic residence time (HRT), carbon source, namely lactate and acetate, as well as reactor geometry and scale on process performance and microbial community dynamics. Community composition of sessile and planktonic microbial consortia were resolved at a 5- and 2-day HRT through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Preferential attachment and prevalence of specific phylotypes within the sessile and planktonic communities revealed clear adaptation of key microorganisms to different microenvironments. Key microbial taxa affiliated with sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation as well as those implicated in fermentation and syntrophic metabolism, fluctuated in response to changes in HRT and process performance. Through understanding the relationship between microbial community dynamics and process performance, this research will inform better process design and optimization of the hybrid LFCR.