bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fate of Lethal Injection: Decomposition of the Paradigm and Its Consequences
Authors: Sarat Austin , Denney Mattea , Graber-Mitchell Nicolas , Ko Greene , Mroczka Rose , Pelosi Lauren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article examines the use of lethal injection from 2010–2020. That period marks the “decomposition” of the standard three-drug protocol and the proliferating use of new drugs or drug combinations in American executions. That development is associated with an increase in the number and type of mishaps encountered during lethal injections. This article describes and analyzes those mishaps and the ways death penalty jurisdictions responded, and adapted, to them. It suggests that the recent history of lethal injection echoes the longer history of the death penalty. When states encountered problems with their previous methods of execution, they first attempted to address these problems by tinkering with their existing methods. When tinkering failed, they adopted allegedly more humane execution methods. When they ran into difficulty with the new methods, state actors scrambled to hide the death penalty from public view. New drugs and drug combinations may have allowed the machinery of death to keep running. New procedures may have given the lethal injection process a veneer of legitimacy. But none of these recent changes has resolved its fate or repaired its vexing problems.
Great Northern War and Church reform of Peter the Great
Authors: Sokolova N. V. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents historical research on the Church reform of Peter I, considering the Great Northern War (1700–1721) as one of the crucial transformational factors in church-state relations in Russia. The article introduces descriptive books of patriarchal estates in 17 counties of Russia. They were created during the audit of Church and monastic property in line with the decree of January 31, 1701. It considers features of the form and content of these documents and previously known descriptions of bishops' houses and monasteries, which were carried out according to the mandated memorials of the Monastic Order in 1701-1705. The article claims that the secularization of the patriarch's landholdings, in contrast to other church holdings, was complete and final already at the beginning of the 18th century. In this regard, there is an obvious need to reject historical parallels between the events of the early 18th century and the "monastic secularization" of 1764.Comparing the Alexei Kurbatov’s proposals to Peter I in a letter dated October 25, 1700, with the content of the personal decrees of January 24 and 31, 1701 on the restoration of the Monastic Order allows us to hypothesize that the defeat at Narva and preparation for the meeting with the Elector Augustus II that would result in the signing of the Biržai pact, significantly adjusted the plans of the Church reform. The novelty of the January decrees that presumably started the reform (in the then-common European sense of the concept) was the inclusion of the patriarch's estates in the list of the Church's possessions subject to the control of the state in the future.I conclude that the secularization of church-monastic possessions and property that followed at the beginning of the Great Northern War not only contradicted the centuries-old historical practice but was at that time organizationally overwhelming for the state, which was able to solve the problem of managing the escheat patriarchal lands but did not yet have the appropriate staffing and logistics capacities for control over all possessions of the Church.
Minéralogie de l’ancienne mine plomb-zinc de Rabotrath (Lontzen, Belgique)
Authors: Blondieau Michel , Puccio Stéphane , Compère Philippe , Hatert Frédéric 
Published: January 2022

Le petit site minier de Rabotrath appartient au district Pb-Zn de l’est de la Belgique et se trouve à quelques kilomètres de La Calamine, le plus gros gisement métallique non ferreux belge. La minéralogie de ce gisement n’a jamais été vraiment examinée et fait l’objet de cet article. Outre les espèces minérales classiques associées à cet environnement, comme par exemple la sphalérite, la galène et la smithsonite, on a également découvert trois espèces nouvelles pour la Belgique : la parascholzite, la zaccagnaite-3R, ainsi qu’un minéral de la série plumbogummite-goyazite. Rabotrath devient également la seconde occurrence belge pour deux autres espèces : la chalcophanite et la plumbojarosite. Ces nouvelles observations, qui ont permis le recensement de 25 espèces minérales, viennent ainsi compléter l’inventaire minéralogique du district minier de Moresnet.
A New Artificial Intelligence Method for Prediction of Diabetes Type2
Authors: Karabpour Samira , Jafarian Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Diabetes is a chronic illness without a conclusive cure, and is the most common cause of amputations, blindness, and chronic kidney failure, and an important risk factor in heart problems. The only hope for these patients is through proper care. The main difficulty, regarding this dangerous and destructive illness, is not detecting it in time, and generally, a weakness in detection. Hence, implementation of a method that can help in the detection of this illness is an important step toward the prevention and control of this illness, especially in the early stages. In this article, using adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), we have attempted to predict this illness. The speed and the validity of the suggested algorithm is more than the other smart methods used. The method proposed in this article, with a 10% validity increase during training and a 5% validity increase during experimentation has a better performance than previous smart methods
Facile Preparation of Mesoporous γ-Alumina Nanoparticles with High-Surface-Area via Sol-Gel Method and their Efficiency for the Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Siahpoosh Seyed Mahdi , Salahi Esmaeil , Hessari Fereidoun Alikhani , Mobasherpour Imam 
Published: January 2022

In the present investigation, γ-alumina nanoparticles with high specific surface area (351 m2/g) and relatively narrow pore size distribution was prepared using sol-gel method in the presence of aluminum isopropoxide as an aluminum precursor, distilled water, acetic acid as hydrolysis rate controller and tert-butanol as solvent. The calcined γ-alumina nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. Prepared γ-alumina was tested for the adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution at toxic metal concentrations, and isotherms were determined. The Pb2+ adsorption performance of the as-prepared samples was studied by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. According to the results, the prepared γ-aluminashowed the great adsorption performance of Pb2+with a high adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of 1150 mg/g when the adsorption reached to equilibrium for 5 min at room temperature and pH=5.5. The adsorbed amount increased rapidly with pH variation from pH 3 to 9. The optimum contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate, adsorbent mass and pH were determined and Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption models were obtained using metal ions concentrations in ranging from 100 to 400 mg/L. Correlation coefficients (R2) of Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms were 0.9994, 0.9975 and 0.9982, respectively, and Langmuir isotherm was more suitable for adsorption on γ-alumina than others. Also presence of Pb2+ ions has been confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Efficient synthesis strategy, exceptionally high specific surface area and high adsorption efficiency of these mesoporous γ-alumina nanoparticles showed an excellent ability to remove Pb2+ heavy metal ions from aqueous solution that could find potential utility in the purification of polluted water.
Causes de la monodominance de l’essence Cynometra alexandri C.H. Wright (Eggeling 1947; Hamilton 1981), dans la forêt de Banana (Mambasa/Ituri/R.D. Congo)
Authors: LUSE Basile Belanganayi 
Published: January 2022

La structure diamétrique et la répartition spatiale d’une essence tolérante à l’ombre à graines pesantes, de la forêt tropicale humide, Cynometra alexandri, ont été étudiées respectivement au travers le prélèvement de Diamètre à Hauteur de Poitrine (DHP) et de la fonction K de Ripley transformée. L’étude a été menée en République Démocratique du Congo, dans la localité de Banana, territoire de Mambasa, Province de l’Ituri, sur une parcelle de 120 ⨯ 500 m, où 101 individus adultes ont été recensés, mesurés et cartographiés. La répartition spatiale s’est révélée agrégée dans cette parcelle où C. alexandri est monodominant. En revanche, la structure diamétrique se présente en cloche déformée. Pour finir, des traits de vie de C. alexandri pouvant expliquer sa monodominance ont été analysés et un certain lien entre la répartition agrégée, la monodominance et le climax, a été conjecturé.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR DATA ANALYSIS POLLUTION OF WATER DRAINS OF NOVOSIBIRSK AND THE REGION
Authors: Молородов Ю.И. , Барциц В.В. 
Published: January 2022

В работе показано влияние факторов, процессов и последствий загрязнения компонентов городских экосистем на загрязнение вод и гидрохимический состав воды малых рек и бассейна реки Обь. Описана структура прототипа интерактивной информационной системы (ИАС), в которой предусмотрена возможность получения прогноза на ближайшее пять лет.
The paper shows the influence of factors, processes and consequences of pollution of components of urban ecosystems on water pollution and hydrochemical composition of water of small rivers and the Ob river basin. The structure of the prototype of the interactive information system (IAS), which provides for the possibility of obtaining a forecast for the next five years, is described.
APPLICATION OF DATA COMPRESSION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES TO FORECASTING OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Authors: Чирихин К.С. 
Published: January 2022

Известно, что методы сжатия данных могут успешно использоваться для прогнозирования временных рядов. Разнообразные эвристики, присутствующие в современных алгоритмах сжатия, позволяют выявлять сложные закономерности в данных. В настоящей работе мы применяем данный подход для прогнозирования основных демографических и экономических показателей Новосибирской области. При этом мы совместно используем различные программы для сжатия данных, включая модели на основе формальных грамматик.
It is known, that data compression methods can be successfully used in time series forecasting. Modern data compression algorithms contain a variety of heuristics for searching of complex regularities. In this paper, we apply this approach to forecasting of the main demographic and economic indicators of the Novosibirsk region. To obtain forecasts, we combine different programs for data compression, including implementations of grammar-based codes.
APACHE BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN THE CLIMATE MONITORING TASKS
Authors: Золотов С.Ю. , Турчановский И.Ю. 
Published: January 2022

Проведен эксперимент по апробации технологии Big Data в исследованиях климатических систем. В ходе эксперимента было реализовано четыре варианта решения тестовой задачи. Ускорение расчетов с помощью технологии Apache Big Data вполне достижимо и наиболее эффективный способ для этого найден в четвертом варианте решения тестовой задачи.
The experiment was conducted to test Big Data technology in the study of climate systems. Four options for solving the test problem were implemented during the experiment. Accelerating calculations using Apache Big Data technology is quite achievable and the most effective way to do this is found in the fourth solution to the test problem.
QUALITY CONTROL FOR CITED SCIENTIFIC PLOTS IN W@DIS INFORMATION SYSTEM COLLECTION
Authors: Лаврентьев Н.А. , Фазлиев А.З. 
Published: January 2022

В докладе дано краткое описание созданной коллекции графиков, характеризующих спектральные процессы, и представлена оценка качества семантической коллекции графиков, характеризующих процессы поглощения в спектроскопии и результаты исследований потенциальных функций, описывающих слабо связанные комплексы. Ключевой проблемой, рассмотренной в докладе, является оценка качества цитируемых графиков. Выделены сложности, возникающие при оценке, и указаны не решенные задачи при корректной оценке качества научных графиков.
This work briefly characterizes the spectral processes scientific plots collection and provides the quality assessment of the semantic collection of scientific plots. The collection contains data on spectroscopic absorption processes and the results of weakly bounded complexes potential functions research. The key issue of this report is the quality assessment of cited scientific plots. The difficulties with quality assessment are highlighted and unsolved problems with quality control for scientific plots are denoted.
PROSPECTS AND ROLE OF DIGITAL TWINS IN THE PROBLEM OF DOCUMENTING AND MONITORING OF THE ROCK ART SITES
Authors: Казаков В.В. 
Published: January 2022

Одной из важнейших задач современной археологии является документирование объектов культурно-исторического наследия, в том числе памятников наскального искусства. В статье рассматриваются перспективы и модель использования цифровых двойников для сохранения и представления полной информации о таких объектах. Рассматривается модель представления визуальной формы объектов наскального искусства не только в виде фотографий и зарисовок, но и интерактивных трехмерных моделей. Предложена модель использования цифровых копий для мониторинга состояния памятников.
One of the most important tasks of modern archaeology is the documentation of objects of cultural and historical heritage, including rock art sites. The article discusses the prospects and model of using digital twins to save and present complete information about such objects. We consider a model for representing the visual form of rock art objects not only in the form of photographs and sketches, but also interactive three-dimensional models. A model of using digital copies to monitor the status of monuments is proposed.
VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS TOOLS OF THE SPECTRA OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM «ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS»
Authors: Казаков В.В. , Казаков В.Г. , Мешков О.И. , Тихонова А.А. 
Published: January 2022

В работе описывается Интернет сервис для визуализации и сравнительного анализа спектров, реализованный в составе информационной системы по атомной спектроскопии Электронная структура атомов . Описываются возможности генерации различных представлений спектров из базы данных системы в виде интерактивных спектрограмм с набором инструментов для удобного представления и анализа. Представляется возможность для пользователей информационной системы загружать в систему файлы с данными экспериментальных спектров, а также вести их обработку и визуальный анализа в сопоставлении с эталонными спектрами атомных систем, хранимыми в системе. Обсуждаются возможности нового инструментария для целей научных исследований и подготовки специалистов.
The Internet service for visualization and comparative analysis of spectra that is implemented as part of the information system on atomic spectroscopy Electronic structure of atoms is described in the article. The possibilities of representation of spectra from the system database in the form of interactive spectrograms, which have a set of tools for convenient presentation and analysis, are described. There is an opportunity for users of the information system to upload files with the data of experimental spectra to the system, as well as conduct their processing and visual analysis in comparison with the reference spectra of atomic systems stored in the system. The possibilities of a new toolkit for research and training are discussed. The possibilities of using new tools for research and training of specialists are discussed.
ISSUES OF DIGITAL REPOSITORY INTEGRATION OF A SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION WITH EXTERNAL INFORMATION SERVICES
Authors: Ковязина Е.В. 
Published: January 2022

Продвижение общества к цифровому инициировало кардинальные изменения в принципах и подходах к науке и образованию. Одним из важных аспектов продвижения по этому пути является открытый доступ к результатам научных исследований, который может быть реализован с помощью технологий и на программной платформе открытых архивов. Внедрение открытых архивов в библиотеке научнообразовательной организации требует решения множества возникающих проблем, таких как выбор и дополнение схем данных, пакетный обмен данными между системой автоматизации библиотеки и цифровым архивом, вопросы аутентификации и авторизации пользователей, лицензирование цифровых документов и коллекций и т.д. Некоторые из этих проблем относительно легко решают сетевые службы и сервисы, активно развивающиеся в процессе формирования инфраструктуры открытой науки в сети Интернет и являющиеся ее неотъемлемой частью. Подключение их к цифровому архиву, а также исследование возможностей и особенностей их функционирования является актуальной задачей. Рассмотрены некоторые полезные для библиотек службы и сервисы, интеграция с которыми может быть реализована средствами программной платформы DSpace 6.3, а также особенности их настройки и работы.
The advancement of society to the digital future has initiated dramatic changes in the principles and approaches to science and education. One of the important aspects of moving along this path is open access to the results of scientific research, which can be implemented using technology and the open archives software platform. The introduction of open archives in the library of a scientific and educational organization requires solving many problems that arise, such as the selection and correction of data schemes, the batch exchange of data between the library automation system and the digital archive, issues of authentication and user authorization, licensing of digital documents and collections, and etc. Some of these problems are relatively easily solved by network services that are actively developing in the process of creating an infrastructure of open science on the Internet and being its integral part. Connecting its to a digital archive, as well as exploring the possibilities and features of their functioning, is an urgent task. Some services useful for libraries are considered, integration with which can be implemented using the DSpace 6.3 software platform, as well as the features of their configuration and operation.
The weak Lefschetz property of graded Gorenstein algebras associated to the Apéry set of a numerical semigroup
Authors: Tran Quang Hoa , Ho Vu Ngoc Phuong 
Published: January 2022

It has been conjectured that all graded Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension three have the weak Lefschetz property over a field of characteristic zero. In this paper, we study the weak Lefschetz property of associated graded algebras A of the Apéry set of M-pure symmetric numerical semigroups generated by four natural numbers. These algebras are graded Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension three.
In vitro antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds from Calocybe indica
Authors: Nguyen Quang Man , Le Lam Son , Nguyen Minh Nhung , Nguyen Chinh Chien , Ho Xuan Anh Vu , Nguyen Vinh Phu , Tran Thanh Minh , Le Thuy Trang , Tran Thi Van Thi , Hieu Le Trung 
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, the use of mushrooms in medicine is ubiquitous and has achieved particular success. The antioxidants in mushrooms can deactivate free radicals. This study assesses the antioxidant potential of mushroom Calocybe indica with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods and the total antioxidant capacity. The mushroom’s ethanol extract exhibits acceptable activity with a low IC50 value (240.11 μg/mL), approximately 2.9 times lower than that of the mushroom Ophiocordyceps sobolifera extract. The ABTS scavenging rate of the extract is around 60% at 500 µg/mL, and the total antioxidant capacity is equivalent to 64.94 ± 1.03 mg of GA/g or 77.42 ± 0.42 μmol of AS/g. The total phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids are equivalent to 29.33 ± 0.16 mg of GAE/g, 17.84 ± 0.11 mg of QUE/g (5.04 ± 0.04%), and 4.96 ± 0.04 mg of oleanolic acid/g, respectively. Specifically, the total triterpenoid content has been reported for the first time. The mushroom can have potential biomedical applications.
Utilitarianism, Altruism, and Consent
Authors: Meacham Christopher 
Published: January 2022

A number of criticisms of Utilitarianism – such as “nearest and dearest” objections, “demandingness” objections, and “altruistic” objections – arise because Utilitarianism doesn’t permit partially or wholly disregarding the utility of certain subjects. A number of authors, including Sider (1993), Portmore (2008) and Vessel (2010), have responded to these objections by suggesting we adopt “dual-maximizing” theories which provide a way to incorporate disregarding. And in response to “altruistic” objections in particular – objections noting that it seems permissible to make utility- decreasing sacrifices – these authors have suggested adopting a dual-maximizing theory that permits disregarding one’s own utility.

In this paper I’ll defend two claims. First, I’ll argue that dual-maximizing theories are a poor way to incorporate disregarding. Instead, I’ll suggest that “variable- disregarding” theories provide a more attractive way to incorporate disregarding. Second, I’ll argue that the right way to handle these “altruistic” objections isn’t to permit disregarding one’s own utility, it’s to permit disregarding the utility of those who consent. Together, these two claims entail that the best way to modify Utilitarianism to handle “altruistic” objections is to adopt a variable-disregarding view that disregards the utility of those who consent.
Estudio de intervención psicopedagógica de un caso de dislexia desde la inclusión educativa
Authors: González Castellón Esther , Carbonell Bernal Noelia , Aguaded Gómez María Cinta , Andreu Callau Alba 
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad, en los centros educativos hay entre un 5% y un 10% de escolares con dislexia. Por tanto, existe una necesidad en los centros educativos para atender adecuadamente a este alumnado desde la inclusión educativa, para ello, se ha escogido el caso de una alumna de 3º de Educación Primaria con dificultades de aprendizaje de la lectura y de la escritura, es por lo que realizaremos un estudio de intervención psicopedagógica inclusiva. Esta intervención está diseñada para ser llevada a cabo en un centro ordinario, a través de juegos que se desarrollarán dentro del aula de referencia de la discente, mediante actividades en pequeño grupo para todo el alumnado. La metodología empleada será práctica, vivencial, manipulativa, experimental y significativa, para proporcionarle estrategias a la alumna y poder transferir el aprendizaje a su vida cotidiana siempre dentro de su grupo de referencia.
La intervención que se llevó a cabo fue de corte multidisciplinar, teniendo en cuenta a la familia y a todos los profesionales que la atienden existiendo coordinación entre el centro escolar, y el gabinete psicopedagógico externo al que acude. Para llevar a cabo la intervención con éxito se proporcionaron unas orientaciones a todas aquellas personas que intervienen con la alumna para obtener una mejora de sus capacidades y en los aspectos lectoescritores, así como también en autonomía, autoconcepto y autoestima.