bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacancy‐Modulated of CuS for Highly Antibacterial Efficiency via Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergetic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Wen Jinghong , Zhang Jie , Guo Donggang , Zhang Quanxi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCu‐based nanomaterials have been developed to alleviate the problem of antibiotic resistance due to their superior properties and good biocompatibility. Defects in nanomaterials have a major role in improving photocatalytic performance. Herein, two CuS nanospheres with predominant VCuSCu and VCuSS vacancy (abbreviated as CuS and CuS‐T150, respectively) characterized by positron annihilation spectra are synthesized. The combination of experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrates that CuS‐T150 exhibits excellent antibacterial, achieving bactericidal rates of 99.9% against to Escherichia coli (E. coli) under 808 nm laser irradiation. Compared with CuS, the superior antimicrobial activity of CuS‐T150 is mainly attributed to its stronger ability to adsorb oxygen molecules, more easily bind with surface of E. coli, and higher photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). This work provides a deeper understanding of nanomaterials with vacancy modulated the antibacterial efficiency by synergistic effect of photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
Elucidating the Origins of High Preferential Crystal Orientation in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lehner Lukas E. , Demchyshyn Stepan , Frank Kilian , Minenkov Alexey , Kubicki Dominik J. , Sun He , Hailegnaw Bekele , Putz Christoph , Mayr Felix , Cobet Munise , Hesser Günter , Schöfberger Wolfgang , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Scharber Markus Clark , Nickel Bert , Kaltenbrunner Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncorporating large organic cations to form 2D and mixed 2D/3D structures significantly increases the stability of perovskite solar cells. However, due to their low electron mobility, aligning the organic sheets to ensure unimpeded charge transport is critical to rival the high performances of pure 3D systems. While additives such as methylammonium chloride (MACl) can enable this preferential orientation, so far, no complete description exists explaining how they influence the nucleation process to grow highly aligned crystals. Here, by investigating the initial stages of the crystallization, as well as partially and fully formed perovskites grown using MACl, the origins underlying this favorable alignment are inferred. This mechanism is studied by employing 3‐fluorobenzylammonium in quasi‐2D perovskite solar cells. Upon assisting the crystallization with MACl, films with a degree of preferential orientation of 94%, capable of withstanding moisture levels of 97% relative humidity for 10 h without significant changes in the crystal structure are achieved. Finally, by combining macroscopic, microscopic, and spectroscopic studies, the nucleation process leading to highly oriented perovskite films is elucidated. Understanding this mechanism will aid in the rational design of future additives to achieve more defect tolerant and stable perovskite optoelectronics.
Transcranial Nongenetic Neuromodulation via Bioinspired Vesicle‐Enabled Precise NIR‐II Optical Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Ya , Yang Deqi , Nie Jianfang , Dai Jing , Wu Haofan , Zheng Jialin Charles , Zhang Fan , Fang Yin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegulating the activity of specific neurons is essentially important in neurocircuit dissection and neuropathy therapy. As a recently developed strategy, nanomaterial‐enabled nongenetic neuromodulations that realize remote physical stimuli have made vast progress and shown great clinical potential. However, minimal invasiveness and high spatiotemporal resolution are still challenging for nongenetic neuromodulation. Herein, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II)‐light‐induced transcranial nongenetic neurostimulation via bioinspired nanovesicles is reported. The rationally designed vesicles are obtained from vesicle‐membrane‐confined enzymatic reactions. This study demonstrates that the vesicle‐enabled NIR‐II photothermal stimuli can elicit neuronal signaling dynamics with precise spatiotemporal control and thus evoke defined neural circuits in nontransgenic mice. Moreover, the vesicle‐mediated NIR‐II optical stimulation can regulate mouse motor behaviors with minimal invasiveness by eliminating light‐emitting implants. Furthermore, the biological modulation is integrated with photoacoustic brain imaging, realizing navigational, and efficient neuromodulation. Such transcranial and precise NIR‐II optical neuromodulation mediated by bioinspired vesicles shows the potential for the optical‐theranostics of neurological diseases in nontransgenic organisms.
Association of change in cardiovascular risk factors with incident dementia
Authors: Sedaghat Sanaz , Lutsey Pamela L. , Ji Yuekai , Empana Jean‐Philippe , Sorond Farzaneh , Hughes Timothy M. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Knopman David S. , Walker Keenan A. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore J. , van Sloten Thomas T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated whether better cardiovascular health at midlife and improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife were associated with dementia risk.MethodsTwo longitudinal population‐based studies were used: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) (n = 11,460/visits at ages 54 and 60), and Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)‐Reykjavik (n = 3907/visit at age 51). A cardiovascular health score (range 0–12/0–14, depending on diet availability) including six/seven items was calculated at each visit, with weight assigned to each item as poor (0), intermediate (1), or ideal (2). Cardiovascular health was defined as low (score 0–4/0–5), intermediate (5–7/6–9), or high (8–12/10–14). Incident dementia was ascertained through linkage to health records and with neuropsychological examinations.ResultsMidlife high compared to low cardiovascular health (hazard ratios [HRs]: for ARIC: 0.60 [95% confidence interval: 0.52, 0.69]); for AGES‐Reykjavik: 0.83 [0.66, 0.99] and improvement of cardiovascular health score within midlife (HR per one‐point increase: ARIC: 0.94 [0.92, 0.96]) were associated with lower dementia risk.DiscussionBetter cardiovascular health at midlife and improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife are associated with lower dementia risk.Highlights
Cardiovascular health and dementia were studied in two large cohort studies.

Better cardiovascular health at midlife relates to lower dementia risk.

Improvement of cardiovascular health within midlife relates to lower dementia risk.

Promotion of cardiovascular health at midlife can help to reduce dementia risk.
Catalytic Properties of High Nitrogen Content Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Lepre Enrico , Rat Sylvain , Cavedon Cristian , Seeberger Peter H. , Pieber Bartholomäus , Antonietti Markus , López‐Salas Nieves 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe influence of structural modifications on the catalytic activity of carbon materials is poorly understood. A collection of carbonaceous materials with different pore networks and high nitrogen content was characterized and used to catalyze four reactions to deduce structure–activity relationships. The CO2 cycloaddition and Knoevenagel reaction depend on Lewis basic sites (electron‐rich nitrogen species). The absence of large conjugated carbon domains resulting from the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen in the carbon network is responsible for poor redox activity, as observed through the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrazine and the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine using hydroperoxide. The material with the highest activity towards Lewis acid catalysis (in the hydrolysis of (dimethoxymethyl)benzene to benzaldehyde) is the most effective for small molecule activation and presents the highest concentration of electron‐poor nitrogen species.
Influence of dielectric barrier effect and thermally‐conductive network on thermal and electrical properties of epoxy under different frequencies and temperatures
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Chen Xiangrong , Shi Yiwen , Wang Qilong , Zhu Guangyu , Meng Fan‐Bo , Hong Zelin , Paramane Ashish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpoxy resin (EPR) insulations play a vital role in the insulation of modern power electronic equipment owing to their excellent dielectric properties. However, due to the high‐power density and miniaturization of power equipment which causes high heat fluxes under high voltage and high‐frequency stresses, EPR with good thermal and insulation properties is urgently needed. In this study, the polydopamine functionalized micro‐BN and core‐shell nano TiO2–SiO2 particles are dispersed in EPR to simultaneously improve thermal and dielectric insulation properties. It is revealed that the addition of micro‐nano particles significantly improves the thermal and dielectric performance. Particularly, the high thermal conductivity of micro‐BN and the dielectric barrier effect due to the core‐shell structure of nano TiO2–SiO2 are the main reasons for improved thermal and dielectric insulation performance, respectively. The EPR composite containing 3 wt% of micro‐BN and 1 wt% of nano TiO2–SiO2 exhibits the optimal performance with 0.49 W/mK thermal conductivity and the highest dielectric strength among all the samples, that is, 60.61 kV/mm even at 10 kHz and 90°C. This study found that the crucial factors are the surface encapsulation, weight percent, and homogeneous dispersion of particles in EPR, the dielectric barrier effect, thermal conductivity, and the mismatch between the dielectric constant of EPR and particles. This study proposes the optimal weight percent of suitable micro‐nano particles for EPR to produce suitable composites for high‐frequency and high‐temperature applications.
Improving bonding strength of metal‐plastic interface through multilevel microporous undercut structure
Authors: Chen Junxiang , Wang Ruixue , Dang Kaifang , Xie Pengcheng , Yang Weimin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe metal‐plastic combination is widely used in frontier fields such as energy storage technology and aerospace. This study proposes two metal surface treatment processes for metal‐plastic composite injection molding. The first only involves the chemical treatment, whose interfacial bonding strength reaches 10.24 MPa. In the second, the plasma treatment is added to the chemical treatment process to increase the interface bonding strength to 17.58 MPa. The characterization result shows that the plastic is injected into the undercut microstructures to form a physical bolting force due to the countless microstructures after the metal surface treatment. Through the step‐by‐step study of the surface treatment process, it is found that hydrochloric acid solution causes a large‐scale microstructure to appear on the metal surface, and the undercut nanostructure is obtained through the plasma treatment. This multilevel microporous undercut structure of micro‐nano bonding is beneficial to the formation of physical bolting force at the interface, thereby achieving high bonding strength of the interface. At the same time, we also confirmed the relationship between the injection process, annealing parameters, and interfacial bonding strength. When the plastic was injected into the multilevel microporous undercut structure at an injection pressure of 110 MPa and annealed at 110°C for 4 h after molding, the maximum interface bonding strength of 17.58 MPa would be obtained. This process provides a new solution for engineering applications in metal‐plastic bonding.
Effective 5‐aminolevulinic acid production via T7 RNA polymerase and RuBisCO equipped Escherichia coli W3110
Authors: Ting Wan‐Wen , Ng I‐Son 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChromosome‐based engineering is a superior approach for gene integration generating a stable and robust chassis. Therefore, an effective amplifier, T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) from bacteriophage, has been incorporated into Escherichia coli W3110 by site‐specific integration. Herein, we performed the 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) production in four T7RNAP‐equipped W3110 strains using recombinant 5‐aminolevulinic synthase and further explored the metabolic difference in best strain. The fastest glucose consumption resulted in the highest biomass and the 5‐ALA production reached to 5.5 g/L; thus, the least by‐product of acetate was shown in RH strain in which T7RNAP was inserted at HK022 phage attack site. Overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase would pull PEP to oxaloacetic acid in tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to energy conservation and even no acetate production, thus, 6.53 g/L of 5‐ALA was achieved. Amino acid utilization in RH deciphered the major metabolic flux in α‐ketoglutaric acid dominating 5‐ALA production. Finally, the ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and phosphoribulokinase were expressed for carbon dioxide recycling; a robust and efficient chassis toward low‐carbon assimilation and high‐level of 5‐ALA production up to 11.2 g/L in fed‐batch fermentation was established.
The NRF2 antagonist ML385 inhibits PI3K‐mTOR signaling and growth of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Ji Lili , Moghal Nadeem , Zou Xinru , Fang Yixuan , Hu Shuning , Wang Yuhui , Tsao Ming Sound 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) currently has limited therapeutic options because of the relatively few validated targets and the lack of clinical drugs for some of these targets. Although NRF2/NFE2L2 pathway activation commonly occurs in LUSC, NRF2 has predominantly been studied in other cancer models. Here, we investigated the function of NRF2 in LUSC, including in organoid models, and we explored the activity of a small molecule NRF2 inhibitor ML385, which has not previously been investigated in LUSC.MethodsWe first explored the role of NRF2 signaling in LUSC cancer cell line and organoid proliferation through NRF2 knockdown or ML385 treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. Next, we performed Western blot and immunofluorescence assays to determine the effect of NRF2 inhibition on PI3K‐mTOR signaling. Finally, we used cell viability and clonogenic assays to explore whether ML385 could sensitize LUSC cancer cells to PI3K inhibitors.ResultsWe find that downregulation of NRF2 signaling inhibited proliferation of LUSC cancer cell lines and organoids, both in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate that inhibition of NRF2 reduces PI3K‐mTOR signaling, with two potential mechanisms being involved. Although NRF2 promotes AKT phosphorylation, it also acts downstream of AKT to increase RagD protein expression and recruitment of mTOR to lysosomes after amino acid stimulation. We also find that ML385 potentiates LUSC growth inhibition by a pan‐PI3K inhibitor, which correlates with stronger inhibition of PI3K‐mTOR signaling.ConclusionsOur data provide additional support for NRF2 promoting LUSC growth through PI3K‐mTOR activation and support development of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of LUSC.
Synthetic Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents in Ovarian Cancer: Cytotoxicity Assay and Investigation of Possible Biological Mechanisms Action
Authors: Daltoé Renata Dalmaschio , Rangel Leticia Batista Azevedo , Delarmelina Maicon , Madeira Klesia Pirola , Porto Marcella Leite , Meirelles Silvana Santos , dos Santos Guimarães Isabella , Filho Éclair Venturini , Pereira Alan Reinke , de Queiroz Ferreira Rafael , dos Santos Gabriel Fernandes Souza , de França Schaffel Izabela , de Mesquita Carneiro José Walkimar , Silva Artur M. S. , Greco Sandro José 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, eight naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized in yields ranging from 52 to 96% using easy, fast, and low‐cost methodologies. All naphthoquinone derivatives were screened for theirin vitroanti‐proliferative activities against OVCA A2780 cancer cell lines. Amongst all analysed compounds, derivatives3–5presented the most prominent cytotoxic potential. Naphthoquinones3and4, bearing sulfur‐containing groups, were identified as having high potential for ROS production, in particular the superoxide anion. Furthermore,3and4compounds caused a decrease in the cell population in G0/G1 and induced more than 90% of the cell population to apoptosis. Compound5did not act in any of these processes. Finally, compounds3–5were tested for their inhibitory ability against PI3K and MAPK. Compounds3and4do not inhibit the PI3K enzyme. On the other hand, the naphthoquinone‐polyphenol5was only able to inhibit the percentage of cells expressing pERK.
Antifungal Compounds from the Leaves of Rhynchosia minima
Authors: Adewole Adetola H. , Famuyide Ibukun M. , McGaw Lyndy J. , Selepe Mamoalosi A. , October Natasha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRhynchosia minima, commonly known as jumby bean, is used as a remedy for respiratory ailments in various parts of the world. It is also used by South African traditional healers to treat heart or chest pain. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive constituents of the leaf extracts of R. minima against selected fungal isolates that have been identified as risk factors in respiratory illness. Rhynchosia minima leaves were extracted sequentially using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol in increasing order of polarity. The extracts were subjected to repeated chromatographic techniques, for phytochemical isolation. The extracts and isolated compounds were screened against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans by determining the minimum concentration that inhibited fungal growth. Six flavonoids, one norisoprenoid and one cyclitol were isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. The extracts obtained in the study had moderate to weak antifungal activities, with MICs ranging from 312.5 to 1250.0 μg/mL against both fungi. Four isolated compounds were also screened, with two of them exhibiting activity against C. albicans (MIC=6.25 μg/mL) that was comparable to amphotericin B, the positive control. These two compounds also had better antifungal potential against C. neoformans with an MIC=6.25 μg/mL, compared to the MIC of 12.5 μg/mL of amphotericin B. Seven of the eight isolated compounds were obtained from the extracts of Rhynchosia minima for the first time. Two of the isolated compounds demonstrated activity comparable or superior to amphotericin B activity. The notable potency displayed by these compounds warrants further investigation on their development as antifungal agents.
Solid‐State Luminescent Materials with Multiple Emission Colors and Near‐Unity Quantum Yield
Authors: Wang Guanjie , Zhang Zhen , Wang Donghui , Shi Yu‐e , Wang Zhenguang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeveloping solid luminescent materials with a unity quantum yield and tunable emission color is promising, although it is still a difficult task. A straightforward heat‐treatment method has been developed to load 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) into the matrix of boric acid (BA) to produce powders with a near‐unity quantum yield and tunable emission color from yellow to green. Our results suggest that the emission of the powders originates from PTCDA, and the tunability of the emission color is caused by the hydrolysis of PTCDA in the alkaline environment. The near‐unity quantum yield is attributed to the BA matrix, which confines PTCDA. In addition, the powder also shows excellent thermal stability that allows its application in light‐emitting diodes. The above results are important for the development of solid‐state luminescent materials for various applications, and also provide a clue for studying the emission properties of luminescent materials.
Butterfly‐Shaped Nanographenes with Excellent Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties: The Synergy of B/N and Azulene
Authors: Yang Cui‐Cui , Ye Jing , Quan Tian Wei , Li Wei‐Qi , Yang Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAzulene, a simple polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with connected electron donor and acceptor (DA), ignites the hope of designing second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) molecular materials from pure nonpolar carbon nanomaterials. In this work, a butterfly‐shaped nanographene (π−DA−π) was designed by incorporating azulene between two coronenes. One more electron in a N atom or one electron fewer in a B atom with respect to a C atom can polarize charge distribution in carbon nanomaterials, and further doping of B and N in the designed butterfly‐shaped nanographene changes the system from π−DA−π to D−π−A, leading to strong NLO responses. For example, the largest static first hyperpolarizability even reaches 173.89×10−30 esu per heavy atom. The synergetic role of B, N and azulene in the nanographene is scrutinized, and such a doping strategy is found to provide an effective means for the design of carbon‐based functional materials. The strong second‐order NLO responses of these butterfly‐shaped carbon‐based nanographenes under external fields, for example, sum frequency generation and difference frequency generation, could inspire future experimental exploration.
Performance of a novel computer‐aided diagnosis system in the characterization of colorectal polyps, and its role in meeting Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations standards set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Hossain Ejaz , Abdelrahim Mohamed , Tanasescu Andrea , Yamada Masayoshi , Kondo Hiroko , Yamada Shijemi , Hamamoto Ryuji , Marugame Atsushi , Saito Yutaka , Bhandari Pradeep 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been an increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the characterization of colorectal polyps. Recently, a novel AI algorithm for the characterization of polyps was developed by NEC Corporation (Japan). The aim of our study is to perform an external validation of this algorithm.MethodsThe study was a video‐based evaluation of the computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) system. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were recruited to record videos of colonic polyps. The frozen polyp images extracted from these videos were used for real‐time histological prediction by the endoscopists and by the CADx system, and the results were compared.ResultsA total of 115 polyp images were extracted from 66 patients. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy for diminutive polyps on white light imaging (WLI) and image‐enhanced endoscopy (IEE) when assessed by CADx was 90.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 77.3–100] and 95.8% [95% CI 87.5–100], 80% [95% CI 44.4–97.5] and 90.9% [95% CI 58.7–99.8], 84.8% [95% CI 72.7‐97] and 84.6% [95%CI 71.8‐94.9], respectively, compared to 48.1% [95%CI 37.7–59.1] and 72% [95% CI 62.5–81], 37.5% [95% CI 28.8–46.8] and 55% [95% CI 44.7–65.0], 53.7% [95% CI 44.2–63.2] and 66.7% [95% CI 59.7–73.3] when assessed by endoscopists. Concordance between histology and CADx‐based post‐polypectomy surveillance intervals was 93.02% on WLI and 96% on IEE.ConclusionAI‐based optical diagnosis is promising and has the potential to be better than the performance of general endoscopists. We believe that AI can help make real‐time optical diagnoses of polyps meeting the Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations standards set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.