bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMEs and SEPs During November–December 2020: A Challenge for Real‐Time Space Weather Forecasting
Authors: Palmerio Erika , Lee Christina O. , Mays M. Leila , Luhmann Janet G. , Lario David , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Richardson Ian G. , Vainio Rami , Stevens Michael L. , Cohen Christina M. S. , Steinvall Konrad , Möstl Christian , Weiss Andreas J. , Nieves‐Chinchilla Teresa , Li Yan , Larson Davin E. , Heyner Daniel , Bale Stuart D. , Galvin Antoinette B. , Holmström Mats , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Maksimovic Milan , Mitrofanov Igor G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPredictions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a central issue in space weather forecasting. In recent years, interest in space weather predictions has expanded to include impacts at other planets beyond Earth as well as spacecraft scattered throughout the heliosphere. In this sense, the scope of space weather science now encompasses the whole heliospheric system, and multipoint measurements of solar transients can provide useful insights and validations for prediction models. In this work, we aim to analyze the whole inner heliospheric context between two eruptive flares that took place in late 2020, that is, the M4.4 flare of 29 November and the C7.4 flare of 7 December. This period is especially interesting because the STEREO‐A spacecraft was located ∼60° east of the Sun–Earth line, giving us the opportunity to test the capabilities of “predictions at 360°” using remote‐sensing observations from the Lagrange L1 and L5 points as input. We simulate the CMEs that were ejected during our period of interest and the SEPs accelerated by their shocks using the WSA–Enlil–SEPMOD modeling chain and four sets of input parameters, forming a “mini‐ensemble.” We validate our results using in situ observations at six locations, including Earth and Mars. We find that, despite some limitations arising from the models' architecture and assumptions, CMEs and shock‐accelerated SEPs can be reasonably studied and forecast in real time at least out to several tens of degrees away from the eruption site using the prediction tools employed here.
Sensitive screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cell free DNA for diagnosis of gestational tumours
Authors: Maher Geoffrey J. , Fisher Rosemary A. , Kaur Baljeet , Aguiar Xianne , Aravind Preetha , Cedeno Natashia , Clark James , Damon Debbie , Ghorani Ehsan , Januszewski Adam , Kalofonou Foteini , Murphy Ravindhi , Roy Rajat , Sarwar Naveed , Openshaw Mark R. , Seckl Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumours expressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the majority of which are difficult to biopsy due to their vascularity, have disparate prognoses depending on their origin. As optimal management relies on accurate diagnosis, we aimed to develop a sensitive cell free DNA (cfDNA) assay to non-invasively distinguish between cases of gestational and non-gestational origin. Deep error-corrected Illumina sequencing of 195 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cfDNA and matched genomic DNA from 36 patients with hCG-secreting tumours (serum hCG 5 to 3,042,881 IU/L) and 7 controls with normal hCG levels (≤4 IU/L) was performed. cfDNA from confirmed gestational tumours with hCG levels ranging from 1497 to 700,855 IU/L had multiple (n ≥ 12) ‘non-host’ alleles (i.e. alleles of paternal origin). In such cases the non-host fraction of cfDNA ranged from 0.3 to 40.4% and correlated with serum hCG levels. At lower hCG levels the ability to detect non-host cfDNA was variable, with the detection limit dependent on the type of causative pregnancy. Patients with non-gestational tumours were identifiable by the absence of non-host cfDNA, with copy number alterations detectable in the majority of cases. Following validation in a larger cohort, our sensitive assay will enable clinicians to better inform patients, for whom biopsy is inappropriate, of their prognosis and provide optimum management.
Ultrafast cold-brewing of coffee by picosecond-pulsed laser extraction
Authors: Ziefuß Anna R. , Hupfeld Tim , Meckelmann Sven W. , Meyer Martin , Schmitz Oliver J. , Kaziur-Cegla Wiebke , Tintrop Lucie K. , Schmidt Torsten C. , Gökce Bilal , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoffee is typically brewed by extracting roasted and milled beans with hot water, but alternative methods such as cold brewing became increasingly popular over the past years. Cold-brewed coffee is attributed to health benefits, fewer acids, and bitter substances. But the preparation of cold brew typically needs several hours or even days. To create a cold-brew coffee within a few minutes, we present an approach in which an ultrashort-pulsed laser system is applied at the brewing entity without heating the powder suspension in water, efficiently extracting caffeine and aromatic substances from the powder. Already 3 min irradiation at room temperature leads to a caffeine concentration of 25 mg caffeine per 100 ml, comparable to the concentrations achieved by traditional hot brewing methods but comes without heating the suspension. Furthermore, the liquid phase’s alkaloid content, analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, is dominated by caffeine and trigonelline and is comparable to traditional cold-brewed coffee rather than hot-brewed coffee. Furthermore, analyzing the head-space of the prepared coffee variants, using in-tube extraction dynamic head-space followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, gives evidence that the lack of heating leads to the preservation of more (semi-)volatile substances like pyridine, which provide cold-brew coffee its unique taste. This pioneering study may give the impetus to investigate further the possibility of cold-brewing coffee, accelerated by more than one order of magnitude, using ultrafast laser systems.
Agro-active endo-therapy treated Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-infected olive trees assessed by the first 1H-NMR-based metabolomic study
Authors: Girelli Chiara Roberta , Hussain Mudassar , Verweire Dimitri , Oehl Michael C. , Massana-Codina Josep , Avendaño Maier S. , Migoni Danilo , Scortichini Marco , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractXylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium causing a range of economically important plant diseases in hundreds of crops. Over the last decade, a severe threat due to Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca, affected the Salento olive groves (Apulia, South-East Italy). Very few phyto-therapeutics, including a Zn/Cu citric acid biocomplex foliar treatment, were evaluated to mitigate this disease. However, the traditional foliar applications result in the agro-actives reaching only partially their target. Therefore the development of novel endo-therapeutic systems was suggested. Metabolite fingerprinting is a powerful method for monitoring both, disease progression and treatment effects on the plant metabolism, allowing biomarkers detection. We performed, for the first time, short-term monitoring of metabolic pathways reprogramming for infected Ogliarola salentina and Cima di Melfi olive trees after precision intravascular biocomplex delivery using a novel injection system. Upon endo therapy, we observed specific variations in the leaf content of some metabolites. In particular, the 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach showed, after the injection, a significant decrease of both the disease biomarker quinic acid and mannitol with simultaneous increase of polyphenols and oleuropein related compounds in the leaf’s extracts. This combined metabolomics/endo-therapeutic methodology provided useful information in the comprehension of plant physiology for future applications in OQDS control.
High performance recycled CFRP composites based on reused carbon fabrics through sustainable mild solvolysis route
Authors: Ballout W. , Sallem-Idrissi N. , Sclavons M. , Doneux C. , Bailly C. , Pardoen T. , Van Velthem P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel environmentally friendly recycling method is developed for large carbon-fibers reinforced-polymers composite panels whose efficiency is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept fabrication of a new composite part based on recycled fibers. The recycling process relies on formic acid as separation reagent at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with efficient recycling potential of the separating agent. Electron microscopy and thermal analysis indicate that the recycled fibers are covered by a thin layer of about 10wt.% of residual resin, alternating with few small particles, as compared to the smooth virgin fibers. The recycled composites show promising shear strength and compression after impact strength, with up to 93% retention of performance depending on the property as compared to the reference. The recycled carbon fibers can thus be reused for structural applications requiring moderate to high performances. The loss of properties is attributed to a lower adhesion between fresh epoxy resin and recycled carbon fibers due to the absence of sizing, partly compensated by a good interface between fresh and residual cured epoxy thanks to mechanical anchoring as well as chemical reactions. The room temperature and atmospheric pressure operating conditions combined to the recyclability of the forming acid contribute to the sustainability of the entire approach.
Ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance lumbar transforaminal epidural block for the treatment of patients with lumbosacral radicular pain
Authors: Emami Seyed Ali , Sanatkar Mehdi , Espahbodi Ebrahim , Pestehei Seyed Khalil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransforaminal epidural block (TEB) is a widely accepted technique and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance lumbar transforaminal epidural block (UNTEB) for the patients with unilateral lower lumbar radicular pain. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by fluoroscopy. Using UNTEB via axial and the in-plane approach technique was performed in 42 segments of 25 patients who presented with lumbosacral radicular pain to lower extremities. The contrast medium was injected to evaluate the needle tip at the intervertebral foramen under fluoroscopic guidance. The numerical rating scale was used to assess pain before and after treatment. The success ratio of UNTEB in L3/L4 level was 100%, in L4/L5 was 95.4% and in L5/S1 was 100%. The numerical rating scale (NRS) for lumbosacral radicular pain improved from a mean from 7.8 to 2.8 1 day after procedure (p = 0.01) and from a mean from 7.8 to 2.4 1 week after UNTEB (p = 0.01). None of our subjects experienced any complications during and after the procedure. UNTEB with fluoroscopic validation is an accurate, effective, and safe method for short-term pain relief of the patients with unilateral lumbosacral radicular pain.
Prostate cancer polygenic risk score and prediction of lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Klein Robert J. , Vertosick Emily , Sjoberg Dan , Ulmert David , Rönn Ann-Charlotte , Häggström Christel , Thysell Elin , Hallmans Göran , Dahlin Anders , Stattin Pär , Melander Olle , Vickers Andrew , Lilja Hans 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) for prostate cancer incidence have been proposed to optimize prostate cancer screening. Prediction of lethal prostate cancer is key to any stratified screening program to avoid excessive overdiagnosis. Herein, PRS for incident prostate cancer was evaluated in two population-based cohorts of unscreened middle-aged men linked to cancer and death registries: the Västerbotten Intervention Project (VIP) and the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDC). SNP genotypes were measured by genome-wide SNP genotyping by array followed by imputation or genotyping of selected SNPs using mass spectrometry. The ability of PRS to predict lethal prostate cancer was compared to PSA and a commercialized pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers. The PRS was associated with incident prostate cancer, replicating previously reported relative risks, and was also associated with prostate cancer death. However, unlike PSA, the PRS did not show stronger association with lethal disease: the hazard ratio for prostate cancer incidence vs. prostate cancer metastasis and death was 1.69 vs. 1.65 in VIP and 1.25 vs. 1.25 in MDC. PSA was a much stronger predictor of prostate cancer metastasis or death with an area-under-the-curve of 0.78 versus 0.63 for the PRS. Importantly, addition of PRS to PSA did not contribute additional risk stratification for lethal prostate cancer. We have shown that a PRS that predicts prostate cancer incidence does not have utility above and beyond that of PSA measured at baseline when applied to the clinically relevant endpoint of prostate cancer death. These findings have implications for public health policies for delivery of prostate cancer screening. Focusing polygenic risk scores on clinically significant endpoints such as prostate cancer metastasis or death would likely improve clinical utility.
Cohort design and natural language processing to reduce bias in electronic health records research
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Reeder Christopher , Harrington Lia X. , Singh Pulkit , Sarma Gopal , Friedman Samuel F. , Di Achille Paolo , Diamant Nathaniel , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Turner Ashby C. , Lau Emily S. , Haimovich Julian S. , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Wang Xin , Klarqvist Marcus D. R. , Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Diedrich Christian , Ghadessi Mercedeh , Mielke Johanna , Eilken Hanna M. , McElhinney Alice , Derix Andrea , Atlas Steven J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Philippakis Anthony A. , Anderson Christopher D. , Ho Jennifer E. , Batra Puneet , Lubitz Steven A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectronic health record (EHR) datasets are statistically powerful but are subject to ascertainment bias and missingness. Using the Mass General Brigham multi-institutional EHR, we approximated a community-based cohort by sampling patients receiving longitudinal primary care between 2001-2018 (Community Care Cohort Project [C3PO], n = 520,868). We utilized natural language processing (NLP) to recover vital signs from unstructured notes. We assessed the validity of C3PO by deploying established risk models for myocardial infarction/stroke and atrial fibrillation. We then compared C3PO to Convenience Samples including all individuals from the same EHR with complete data, but without a longitudinal primary care requirement. NLP reduced the missingness of vital signs by 31%. NLP-recovered vital signs were highly correlated with values derived from structured fields (Pearson r range 0.95–0.99). Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction/stroke incidence were lower and risk models were better calibrated in C3PO as opposed to the Convenience Samples (calibration error range for myocardial infarction/stroke: 0.012–0.030 in C3PO vs. 0.028–0.046 in Convenience Samples; calibration error for atrial fibrillation 0.028 in C3PO vs. 0.036 in Convenience Samples). Sampling patients receiving regular primary care and using NLP to recover missing data may reduce bias and maximize generalizability of EHR research.
Pollinator sharing, copollination, and speciation by host shifting among six closely related dioecious fig species
Authors: Su Zhi-Hui , Sasaki Ayako , Kusumi Junko , Chou Po-An , Tzeng Hsy-Yu , Li Hong-Qing , Yu Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe obligate pollination mutualism between figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and pollinator wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera) is a classic example of cospeciation. However, examples of phylogenetic incongruencies between figs and their pollinators suggest that pollinators may speciate by host shifting. To investigate the mechanism of speciation by host shifting, we examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structures of six closely related fig species and their pollinators from southern China and Taiwan-Ryukyu islands using various molecular markers. The results revealed 1) an extraordinary case of pollinator sharing, in which five distinct fig species share a single pollinator species in southern China; 2) two types of copollination, namely, sympatric copollination by pollinator duplication or pollinator migration, and allopatric copollination by host migration and new pollinator acquisition; 3) fig species from southern China have colonized Taiwan repeatedly and one of these events has been followed by host shifting, reestablishment of host specificity, and pollinator speciation, in order. Based on our results, we propose a model for pollinator speciation by host shifting in which the reestablishment of host-specificity plays a central role in the speciation process. These findings provide important insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying pollinator speciation and host specificity in obligate pollination mutualism.
Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins
Authors: Meraş İçten , Maes Juliette , Lefrancois Stephane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
Working Memory Performance in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: The Role of Domain
Authors: Larson Caroline , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This study examined working memory in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The overarching goal of this work was to integrate three primary processing-based hypotheses of DLD, (a) limited verbal working memory, (b) slowed processing speed, and (c) inefficient inhibition of interference, by using the serial-order-in-a-box–complex span (SOB-CS) computational model as our theoretical framework. We also examined the role of domain in working memory performance by varying the domain of interference and recall (i.e., verbal vs. nonverbal) task demands.

Method:
Participants were 55 school-age children, 21 children with DLD and 34 age-matched typically developing (TD) peers (9–13 years old).

Results:
Findings indicated that verbal and nonverbal working memory performance was poorer in the DLD than TD group. There was a modest benefit of dispersing interference and recall task demands across domains relative to task demands being within one domain, yet verbal interference affected performance to a greater degree than nonverbal interference in the DLD group.

Conclusions:
Overall findings supported a role for each of the processing-based hypotheses of DLD, albeit an incomplete role. In contrast, the SOB-CS model accounted for interrelationships among these processing-based factors and provided an explanation across patterns of findings. Thus, the SOB-CS model represents a useful step forward in explaining processing in children with DLD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19526179
Polarimetry of M-type asteroids in the context of their surface composition
Authors: Belskaya I. , Berdyugin A. , Krugly Yu. , Donchev Z. , Sergeyev A. , Gil-Hutton R. , Mykhailova S. , Bonev T. , Piirola V. , Berdyugina S. , Kagitani M. , Sakanoi T. 
Published: April 2022

Aims. We aim to investigate how polarimetric observations can improve our understanding of the nature and diversity of M/X-type asteroids.
Methods. Polarimetric observations of the selected M/X-type asteroids were carried out at the Tohoku 0.6-m telescope at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii (simultaneously in BVR filters), the 2-m telescope of the Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory in Rozhen (in R filter), and the 2.15-m telescope of the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO), Argentina (in V filter). We analysed the polarimetric characteristics of M/X-type asteroids along with the available data obtained by other techniques.
Results. New polarimetric observations of 22 M/X-type asteroids combined with published observations provide a data set of 41 asteroids for which the depth of a negative polarisation branch and/or inversion angle were determined. We found that the depth of the negative polarisation branch tends to increase with decreasing steepness of the near-infrared spectra. Asteroids with a deeper negative polarisation branch tend to have a higher radar circular polarisation ratio. We show that, based on the relationship of the depth of the negative polarisation branch and inversion angle, two main sub-types can be distinguished among M-type asteroids. We suggest that these groups may be related to different surface compositions similar to (1) irons and stony-irons and (2) enstatite and iron-rich carbonaceous chondrites.
Diabetestechnologie 2022
Authors: Thomas Andreas 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Diabetestechnologie umfasst eine große Menge an Hilfsmitteln, direkt für die Diabetestherapie, aber auch darüber hinaus. Grundsätzlich lässt sie sich unterteilen in Technologien für die Insulinzufuhr, für die Glukosediagnostik, für die Behandlung von diabetischen Folgeerkrankungen und auch für die „biologische Heilung des Diabetes“ (z. B. Verkapselung von Inselzellen). Die Technologien für die Insulinzufuhr und die Glukosemessung bestimmen aktuell die Entwicklung. Dabei ist das Zusammengehen von beiden zur automatisierten Insulinzufuhr ein vorläufiger Höhepunkt der Entwicklung. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Diabetestechnologie zunehmend die Diabetestherapie bestimmt. In dieser Darstellung wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand dieses sich stürmisch entwickelnden Gebietes gegeben.
Digitalisierung in der Diabetologie
Authors: Thomas Andreas 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDigitalisierung ist aktuell ein viel benutzter Begriff. Er hat auch eine politische Bedeutung, entscheidet sich doch mit der Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation der ökonomische Erfolg der Zukunft. Dass eines der vielen Anwendungsfelder der Digitalisierung im Bereich der Gesundheitsversorgung liegt, ist naheliegend. Schließlich produzieren viele diagnostische Methoden digitalisierte Daten, die abgespeichert, ausgewertet und weitergeleitet werden. Umso verwunderlicher ist es, dass vorhandene Limitierungen in den Vordergrund treten und die Digitalisierung behindern. Dabei hängt vom Erfolg der Digitalisierung auch die Zukunft einer qualitätsgerechten Diabetologie ab, nimmt doch die Zahl der Patienten ständig zu, während sich die Arztdichte in den nächsten Jahren verringern wird. Auf diese Aspekte der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen und speziell der Diabetologie wird nachfolgend eingegangen.