bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tour guides’ sustainable tourism practices in host-guest interactions: when Tibet meets the west
Authors: Pu Pian , Cheng Li , Samarathunga WHMS , Wall Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTour guides play a significant role in sustainable tourism development as leaders, mediators, resource managers and promoters of economic prosperity. This paper aims to show how local Tibetan tour guides practice sustainable tourism in their encounters with Western tourists.Design/methodology/approachThe data consists primarily of 15 in-depth interviews with native Tibetan guides,Content analysis of the data were undertaken.FindingsIt was found that the guides adopt sustainable tourism practices based on their local religious wisdom and experiences as they try to establish harmonious host–guest relationships. Western clients also encourage guides to adopt more proenvironmental behaviors. The “hosts” live by Buddhist concepts such as samsara that are in line with concepts such as altruism and benevolence. Most “guests” are well-behaved and try to build sincere mutual relationships with local people. Host and guest cocreate value for local sustainable tourism practice.Practical implicationsTour guides can practice sustainable tourism in a leadership role or as mediators, resource managers or promoters of economic prosperity. They also maintain a sincere and kind relationship with their guests that goes beyond the instrumental host–guest relationship and might help to cocreate value for local sustainable tourism practices.Originality/valueTour guides’ sustainable practices have been examined in the past based on their roles as leader, mediator, resource manager and promoter of economic prosperity. But researchers have seldom examined circumstances in which the tourists and tour guides were from different cultures. This paper addresses this gap.
Cardioprotective potential of vanillic acid
Authors: Yalameha Banafsheh , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global threat to public health, accounting for almost one‐third of all deaths worldwide. One of the key mechanistic pathways contributing to the development of CVDs, including cardiotoxicity (CTX) and myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) is oxidative stress (OS). Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is closely associated with decreased antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, despite the availability of modern pharmaceuticals, dietary‐derived antioxidants are becoming more popular in developed societies to delay the progression of CVDs. One of the antioxidants derived from herbs, fruits, whole grains, juices, beers, and wines is vanillic acid (VA), which, as a phenolic compound, possesses different therapeutic properties, including cardioprotective. Based on experimental evidence, VA improves mitochondrial function as a result of the reduction in ROS production, aggravates antioxidative status, scavenges free radicals, and reduces levels of lipid peroxidation, thereby decreasing cardiac dysfunction, in particular CTX and MIRI. Considering the role of OS in the pathophysiology of CVDs, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively address recent evidence on the antioxidant importance of VA in the cardiovascular system.
Metabolic profile determination of 2F‐viminol – A novel synthetic opioid identified in forensic investigations
Authors: Velez Aracelis , Papsun Donna M. , Scott Karen S. , Krotulski Alex J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel synthetic opioid (NSO) continue to emerge in the United States in the midst of an opioid crisis. The NSO 2F‐viminol was identified in casework at the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education through its NPS Discovery program in 2019. Little information and published literature were available for this new opioid at the time. To address this, human liver microsomes (HLMs) were used to perform in vitro metabolism studies with a drug standard. The goal was to predict in vivo metabolism. Experimental samples were prepared using HLMs, NADPH, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and a 2F‐viminol standard. Standard samples were prepared containing only drug, control samples were prepared with drug and HLMs but no NADPH cofactor, and metabolism reaction mixtures contained drug, HLMs and NADPH. The subsequent mixtures were incubated with light shaking to allow metabolism to occur. After cleanup, metabolite mixtures were analyzed via a SCIEX TripleTOF 5600+ liquid chromatograph quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (LC‐QTOF‐MS). The generated metabolic structures were elucidated using SCIEX MetabolitePilot software (version 2.0). In addition to remaining parent drug, seven metabolites of 2F‐viminol were discovered, including N‐dealkylated and hydroxylated species. The proposed primary metabolites of 2F‐viminol were N‐dealkylation (sec‐butyl) + hydroxylation and N‐dealkylation (sec‐butyl); however, they should be confirmed in authentic samples, and forensic laboratories should consider adding 2F‐viminol and its metabolites to screening protocols to help in extending the window of detection for the parent drug in toxicological samples. As NSOs continue to appear, forensic laboratories must continue metabolism experiments to generate information about pharmacokinetics.
Potential distribution of the silver stripped skipper (Leptalina unicolor) and maiden silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) under climate change in South Korea
Authors: Adhikari Pradeep , Kim Hyun Woo , Shin Man‐Seok , Hong Sun Hee , Cho Youngho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobally, changes in the climate and in land cover are the most prominent factors affecting the distribution of flora and fauna, including butterflies. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of climate and land cover changes on the potential habitat of the endangered butterfly Leptalina unicolor and its principal host, Miscanthus sinensis, in South Korea. We developed a species distribution model using the maximum entropy modeling approach and evaluated the current and future potential distributions of both species. Currently, the potential habitat of L. unicolor is predicted to be located along the Baekdudaegan mountain range and some isolated patches of its western and southern regions, covering an area of approximately 16,865 km2. However, due to future climate change, its potential habitat would decrease on a large scale (by up to 80.39%), thus limiting its existence to the northeastern region. On the other hand, the host plant (M. sinensis) was estimated to live in all parts of the country under both current and future climate conditions, covering up to 50.45% of the country. Our results showed that future climate and land cover changes will critically reduce the habitat of L. unicolor and limit its existence to relatively cold areas. This study suggests that, in addition to the host habitat, climate and land cover changes also play important roles in the future distribution of L. unicolor. This study predicted the current and future potential habitats of L. unicolor and M. sinensis to help develop management policies for the conservation of this endangered butterfly in South Korea.
Paleo‐ to Mesoproterozoic Tectono‐Magmatic Events Recorded in the Huwan Complex from the Dabie Orogen, Central China: Evidence from Petrology and U‐Pb Geochronology
Authors: ZHU Jiang , CHEN Yuqiong , CHEN Chao , LI Zhanke , SHI Xianbin , CHEN Song , ZOU Yuanbing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo better understand the Paleo‐ to Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Dabie Orogen in the northern margin of Yangtze Block, we present geochronological data for metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Huwan complex. A total of 385 detrital zircon LA‐ICP‐MS analyses for metasedimentary rocks yielded three207Pb/206Pb age populations: 1.50–1.80 Ga, 1.81–1.87 Ga and 1.93–2.0 Ga, providing a maximum depositional timing of ca. 1.50 Ga; while metafelsic volcanic gneisses yielded protolith U‐Pb ages of 1893 ± 54 Ma. The peak ages are remarkably consistent with the tectonothermal events that occurred in the northern Yangtze Block, indicating the presence of Paleo‐ to Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the Dabie Orogen. The age range of 1.93–2.0 Ga correlates with the Paleoproterozoic collision; the age range of 1.81–1.87 Ga coincides with the period of the post‐orogenic extension; and the age range of 1.50–1.80 Ga is interpreted to associate with an extensional regime. Zircon cores with age of 1732–1965 Ma haveεHf(t) values ranging from –11.70 to –2.47, indicating that juvenile crust involved in their magma sources. Owing to the similar age spectra, we proposed that the nucleus of the Dabie Orogen was close to the Yangtze Block since the Paleoproterozoic. The Huwan complex has an intimate affiliation to the Yangtze Block, and implies multiple orogenic cycles. It was not only experienced the Paleo‐Tethys ocean subduction and collision, but also recorded Paleo‐ to Mesoproterozoic tectono‐magmatic events in the Dabie Orogen.
The organisational dimension of executive authority in the Global South: Insights from the AU and ECOWAS commissions
Authors: Trondal Jarle , Tieku Thomas , Gänzle Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe growing importance of executive authority at the international level has fuelled scholarly debate about the level of autonomy enjoyed by international public administration (IPA), that is, the executive arms of international organisations. Insights from IPAs in the West or Global North, such as the European Union, have largely shaped these debates, whereas data from IPAs in the Global South are largely missing in the discussion. This article seeks to remedy this imbalance and contribute to an organisational‐theory‐inspired conceptualisation of IPA autonomy: We draw insights from survey data from the commissions of the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). We demonstrate that, although both commissions are embedded in inter‐governmental organisations, they demonstrate remarkably strong features of actor‐level autonomy. Thus, this study suggests that even IPAs constrained by an inter‐governmental environment may still wield some degree of autonomy. Finally, the article draws practical implications for reforming IPAs.
Surgical management of breast cancer in Victoria: A state‐wide audit
Authors: Sung Nakjun , Muthusamy Arun , Finn Norah , Stuart Ella , Fox Jane , Yeo Belinda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe Victorian Tumour Summits are an initiative of the Victorian Integrated Cancer Services to engage clinicians and consumers in identifying unwarranted variations in cancer care across the state. From the analysis presented at the Victorian Breast Tumour Summit in 2021, this study provides a state‐wide overview of epidemiology and surgical care of breast cancer in Victoria to outline any variations in care across the state, and limitations in data reporting, which impacts the understanding of breast cancer burden and service planning.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Victorian breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2018 was performed using a linked data set provided by the Department of Health. The linked data sources include Victorian Cancer Registry, Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and Victorian Radiotherapy Minimum Data Set, from which patient demographic details, tumor characteristics and treatment records were extracted. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to determine the statistical significance of relationships between various categorical parameters. Variables including demographics, types of surgery (breast‐conserving vs. mastectomy), rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and time to surgery were examined.ResultsOne thousand nine hundred thirty‐seven patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and 13,375 patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) were included. Of 11,351 patients with stages I‐III IBC (85%, N = 13,375) 66% underwent breast‐conserving surgery (BCS), and 31% underwent mastectomy. The ratio of mastectomy to BCS increased with increasing disease stage. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was utilized in 11% of early IBC patients who were surgically treated. Eighty‐three percent of patients undergoing upfront breast surgery were treated within 5 weeks of diagnosis, with a significant difference in the median time to surgery between public and private sectors. Breast reconstruction was performed in 37% of mastectomy patients, of whom 83% underwent immediate breast reconstruction, and 17% underwent delayed breast reconstruction.ConclusionsVictorian breast cancer data show a high quality of surgical care coordination. Significant gaps in our data warrant future improvements in the Victorian breast cancer notification system and access to pharmaceutical data for an enhanced understanding of the breast cancer treatment pathways and care delivery.
Specialist pharmacist consultations with cancer patients in a pharmacist‐led anticancer clinic
Authors: Soggee Johnathan , Hunt Maddaleine , O'Callaghan Barbara , Lam Wei‐Sen , Cannell Paul , Boardman Glenn , Sunderland Bruce , Czarniak Petra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrescription‐related errors and misinterpretation of oral cancer treatment instructions can lead to significant harm or fatal outcomes for patients. The impact of specialist pharmacist‐led consultation for patients taking oral antineoplastic medicines (OAMs) across a range of cancer types in an Australian setting has not been studied.AimTo evaluate the impact of specialist cancer pharmacist patient consultation in a pharmacist‐led anticancer clinic across a range of cancer types and evaluate health service staff perceptions of these consultations.MethodRetrospective data were collected from electronic patient medical records from 2017 to 2020 at a Western Australian quaternary hospital. The impacts of pharmacist clinical interventions were classified using a validated tool and specialist interdisciplinary panel consensus. An online staff survey was conducted using Qualtrics.ResultsOf 246 patients reviewed, 76 (30.8%, p < .001) had received a clinical intervention of which 48 (63.2%) were classified as high‐extreme and 28 (36.8%) as low‐moderate impact (p = .021). Patients on ≥5 concurrent medications or > 65 years may represent high risk groups. Thirty‐seven clinical staff were surveyed (37/55; 67.3%) and all strongly agreed/ agreed pharmacist consultation improved patient understanding and medication management confidence (p < .001). All cancer center staff (26/26) strongly agreed/agreed the clinic added value to the cancer service (p < .001), and 96.2% perceived it improved patient outcomes (p < .001).ConclusionsSpecialist pharmacist‐led patient consultation for patients on OAM regimens may protect patients from high and extreme risk of harm. Specialist interdisciplinary staff supported this service.
Use of 3D anatomical models in mock circulatory loops for cardiac medical device testing
Authors: Rocchi Maria , Ingram Marcus , Claus Piet , D'hooge Jan , Meyns Bart , Fresiello Libera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionMock circulatory loops (MCLs) are mechanical representations of the cardiovascular system largely used to test the hemodynamic performance of cardiovascular medical devices (MD). Thanks to 3 dimensional (3D) printing technologies, MCLs can nowadays also incorporate anatomical models so to offer enhanced testing capabilities. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on MCLs and to discuss the recent developments of 3D anatomical models for cardiovascular MD testing.MethodsThe review first analyses the different techniques to develop 3D anatomical models, in both rigid and compliant materials. In the second section, the state of the art of MCLs with 3D models is discussed, along with the testing of different MDs: implantable blood pumps, heart valves, and imaging techniques. For each class of MD, the MCL is analyzed in terms of: the cardiovascular model embedded, the 3D model implemented (the anatomy represented, the material used, and the activation method), and the testing applications.Discussions and ConclusionsMCLs serve the purpose of testing cardiovascular MDs in different (patho‐)physiological scenarios. The addition of 3D anatomical models enables more realistic connections of the MD with the implantation site and enhances the testing capabilities of the MCL. Current attempts focus on the development of personalized MCLs to test MDs in patient‐specific hemodynamic and anatomical scenarios. The main limitation of MCLs is the impossibility to assess the impact of a MD in the long‐term and at a biological level, for which animal experiments are still needed.
Review article: the safety of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Ma Jiayi , Chalasani Naga P. , Schwantes‐An Linus , Björnsson Einar Stefán 
Published: November 2022

SummaryPatients with cirrhosis were long thought to be coagulopathic. However, this paradigm has changed in recent years and currently, cirrhosis is recognised as a prothrombotic state. Due to the increasing incidence of cirrhosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which is closely associated with cardiac disease, patients with cirrhosis increasingly require therapy with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. However, their potential for causing catastrophic and life‐threatening bleeding in patients with cirrhosis leads to hesitancy about their use in patients with cirrhosis. Overall, traditional anticoagulation is safe for all Child‐Pugh classes while newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are mostly safe in Child‐Pugh class A/B and contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment. For different indications, published data to date suggest that anticoagulation is overall safe for patients with cirrhosis who have venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation and portal vein thrombosis, and does not increase the risk of variceal bleeding. Moreover, DOACs appear to have similar safety profiles as traditional anticoagulants. Finally, most studies suggest that antiplatelet agents are also safe to use in patients with cirrhosis although they are mostly contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment. For both anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, severe thrombocytopaenia presents a relative contraindication to their use. More prospective trials and large cohort studies are needed to advance our understanding of the safety and nuances of DOACs and antiplatelet agents in patients with advanced cirrhosis.
Randomised clinical trial: efficacy and safety of the live biotherapeutic product MRx1234 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Markinson Louise , Stevenson Alex , Treasure F. Peter , Lacy Brian E. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBackgroundMRx1234 is a live biotherapeutic product that contains a strain of Blautia hydrogenotrophica. It is in development for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of MRx1234 in patients with IBS with predominant constipation (IBS‐C) or diarrhoea (IBS‐D)MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial. Patients aged 18–70 years in two parallel cohorts (IBS‐C; IBS‐D) were randomised (1:1) to MRx1234 or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall responder rate—a composite of improved bowel habit (IBS‐C: stool frequency; IBS‐D: stool consistency) and abdominal pain intensity—for ≥50% of the treatment period in each cohort. Statistical testing was at a one‐sided 0.10 significance level.ResultsOf 366 randomised patients (164 IBS‐C; 202 IBS‐D), 365 received any study medication (177 MRx1234, 188 placebo). Numerically, although not statistically significantly different, more patients who received MRx1234 than placebo were overall responders in the IBS‐C (25.0% vs. 17.1%) and IBS‐D (23.4% vs. 17.8%) cohorts. Similar results were observed in the additional combined cohort analysis (24.1% vs. 17.5%; p = 0.063). For the components of the primary endpoint, significantly more patients on MRx1234 than placebo reported improvement in bowel habit in the IBS‐C, IBS‐D and combined cohorts, while improvements in abdominal pain were observed in each cohort. The safety profile of MRx1234 was similar to placebo.ConclusionsMRx1234 has the potential to become a novel, safe treatment option for patients with IBS‐C or IBS‐D, and for those who have mixed symptoms or transition between subtypes.ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03721107.
Effects of chronic cirrhosis induced by intraperitoneal thioacetamide injection on the protein content and Michaelis–Menten kinetics of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the rat liver microsomes
Authors: Chandrashekar Devaraj Venkatapura , DuBois Barent N. , Rashid Mamunur , Mehvar Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats has been used as an animal model of human cirrhosis to study the effects of the disease on drug metabolism. However, TAA inhibits P450 enzymes directly and independently of cirrhosis. We investigated the effects of chronic cirrhosis in rats, induced by 10 weeks of intraperitoneal TAA, on the P450 enzymes after a 10‐day washout period to eliminate TAA. Liver histology and serum biomarkers of hepatic function confirmed cirrhosis in all animals. Microsomal total P450 content, P450 reductase activity and ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase activity, a general marker of P450 activity, were significantly reduced by 30%–50% in cirrhotic animals. Additionally, the protein content and Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the activities of CYP2D, CYP2E1 and CYP3A were investigated. Whereas cirrhosis reduced the microsomal protein contents of CYP2D and CYP3A by 70% and 30%, respectively, the protein contents of CYP2E1 were not affected. However, the activities of all the tested isoenzymes were substantially lower in the cirrhotic livers. It is concluded that the TAA model of cirrhosis that incorporates a 10‐day washout period after intraperitoneal injection of the chemical to rats produces isoenzyme‐selective reductions in the P450 proteins or activities, which are independent of the direct inhibitory effects of TAA.
How do central banks make decisions?
Authors: Ruge‐Murcia Francisco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies decision making by the governing council of the Bank of Canada under two alternative protocols. The protocols are: (i) the median model and (ii) the inclusive‐voting model due to Riboni and Ruge‐Murcia (2020), where the chair and the median share proposal power. Results show that the data favour a version of the inclusive‐voting model where the chair of the committee is moderately inclusive and which endogenously generates the consensus outcome in Riboni and Ruge‐Murcia (2010). Decision‐making frictions are empirically important in the formulation of monetary policy, and the selected policy is the outcome of a compromise between committee members.
The perilous prerogative: An argument for legislating defence intelligence in Canada
Authors: West Leah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP) has twice reviewed the intelligence activities of CAF/DND and recommended the government provide explicit legislative authority for those activities. In “Defence intelligence and the Crown prerogative in Canada,” Philippe Lagassé rebukes NSICOP's argument and defends the continued reliance on the Crown prerogative. This article proposes that the critiques raised by Lagassé minimize the importance of the legal and operational concerns raised by NSICOP and do not reflect the legal history of Canadian intelligence activities. It also introduces the argument that the DND/CAF may no longer rely on the Crown prerogative for signals intelligence.