bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bollworm Control with Aim (Cga 112913), An Igr, 1984
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ variety cotton was planted 10 May on a Grenada silt loam at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots (40-inch spacing) were 40 ft long. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied 12, and 20 Jul, and 21 Aug at 8.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a 4-row CO2 pressurized boom attached to the back of a high clearance sprayer. Damaged square counts were made 27 Aug by examining 25 squares per plot. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested 29 Oct and 13 Nov.
Spray Additive R/S 020 Effect on Bollworm Control, 1984
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ variety cotton was planted 10 May on a Grenada silt loam at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots (40-inch spacing) were 40 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied 20 Jul and 21 Aug at 8.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a 4-row CO2 pressurized boom attached to the back of a high clearance sprayer. Damaged square counts were made 27 Aug by examining 25 squares per plot. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested 29 Oct and 13 Nov.
Apple, Savey Evaluation, 1985
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Testing was conducted at Twin Ridge Orchards in Shenandoah Junction, WV under a DuPont Experimental Use Permit. Treatments were applied on 15 Apr (pink) by DuPont to approximately 0.33-ha plots of 11 and 12-year-old trees with a Tifone 3-point hitch airblast sprayer delivering 991 1/ha at a travel speed of 3.22 k/hr. Because of a high mite population, the check was treated with a handgun application of Vydate 2L at 947 ml per 100 gal of water on 27 May. Treatment effectiveness was determined by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each of 4 trees, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active stages with a binocular microscope.
Control of June Beetles in Pasture, 1985
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a pasture recently converted to a Fraser fir nursery in Todd, NC (Watauga Co.). There was no measurable thatch, soil contained 12.7% organic matter. Air temperature at treatment time (Jun 4) was 73°F; soil temperature at 3 inches was 71°F. The pasture consisted of a mixture of annual and perennial grasses with some broadleaf weeds. Carrier water pH was between 4-4.5. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Individual plots were 5 × 20 ft. The granular materials were applied with a cyclone rotary broadcast spreader. In Test 1, liquid applications were made using a water can. All liquids were applied at 200 gal water per acre, except Oftanol 2F 2.0# which was at 100 gal per acre. In Test 2, all of the treatments were applied at 100 gal water per acre using a pressure CO2 sprayer at 35 psi and equipped with a LF-3 80 nozzle. No rain occurred within 24 h after treatment. Surviving larvae were sampled 86 days after treatment by cutting five 7 × 7 × 3-inch deep soil plugs into each 5 × 20-ft plot.
Control of Rangeland Grasshoppers, Akron, Co, 1985
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were made on 15 Jun ‘85 to 2nd-4th stage grasshoppers, Plots were 20 × 100 ft arranged in a randomized complete block desing replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied with a sprayer, mounted on a Honda 4-track, calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 7 Flat Fan 80015 nozzles mounted on a 12-ft boom. A 60-ft border was sprayed around the experimental area to prevent reinfestation. Plots were evaluated with standard USDA survey techniques.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1983, 1984, and 1985
Authors: Ratchford Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted in May of each year on loessial silt loam soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Tests were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae by taking 3 soil cores (9 cm dia × 10 cm deep) from drill rows, once a week, for 4 wk after establishing permanent Hood. Cores were processed by washing through a #40 mesh sieve and floating the larvae out in a saline solution. Granular insecticides were applied by hand shaker to plots measuring 9 m sq. Preplant treatments were incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil with a rotary tiller. Preflood treatments were applied 1 day prior to permanent flood. Postflood treatments were applied 1 wk after permanent flood. Plots were mechanically harvested and yields were converted to lb/acre at 12% moisture.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Biotype E Greenbugs on Grain Sorghum, 1985
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, NE, in grain sorghum planted 25 May. Plots were 3 rows, 30 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied by a bicycle-wheeled plot sprayer at 40 psi and 29.3 gal/acre through a boom fitted with 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row. The liquids were propelled with pressurized CO2. Insecticides were applied 23 Jul when plants were in the 10-leaf stage. The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 6 plants selected at random from the center row of each plot at 1, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Rainfall during the sampling period was measurable in inches on 24 Jul (0.20), 30 Jul (0.50), and 5 Aug (0.40).
Fall Armyworm Control on Sorghum Panicles in Georgia, 1984
Authors: Pendley A. F. , Gardner W. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated in 2 fields of sorghum both planted 18 Jun ‘84 near Griffin, Ga. Plots measuring 3 rows (32-inch centers) by 20 ft, with 2 border rows between plots, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 11 Sep in both tests in 20 gal of water per acre with a hand-held compressed-air sprayer using 32 psi. Grain was in the dough stage at the time of application. Larvae were sampled before treatment and on days 1, 2, and 6 after treatment by shaking 10 randomly selected grain heads in each plot into a bucket. Plot yields were taken on 18 Oct by cutting and threshing the middle row of each plot.
Control of Soybean Insects in South Mississippi, 1985
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Goddard Jerome 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at Poplarville, MS. The test plots were 6 rows 40 inches wide and 50 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. One sample was taken from each plot. A sample consisted of 25 sweeps of a standard 15 inch net. The contents of each sample were transferred to paper bags, killed, and counted under laboratory conditions. Insect numbers presented here represent all sizes of green cloverworm larvae and three-cornered alfalfa hopper nymphs and adults. Insecticide .ipplications were made on 28 Aug at 5 gal per acre. At this time the soybeans just starting to fill pods. Four rows of the plot were sprayed using a 4-row spray boom mounted on a Hi-Boy with CO2 as a propellent and 2 nozzles per row. Hurricane Elena passed through the Poplarville area on 2 Sep. Winds nearly 100 mph were recorded and some defoliation and lodging of the beans was noted. The rainfall associated with the hurricane was slightly over 3 inches which is not abnormal for this area. The drop in green cloverworm numbers in the check was probably caused by the high winds causing mortality directly and lodging plants making sampling more difficult.
Control of Small, Medium, and Large Soybean Loopers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1984
Authors: Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was planted in Cahaba sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Thirteen treatments and an untreated were replicated 4 limes in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.012 acre plot was 4 rows wide (40-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 10 Sep with a high clearance boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow-cone nozzles/per row, operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/ acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Larvae were identified and classified as small (instar 1-2), medium (instar 3-4), or lage (instar 5 +); they were then counted and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken 1, 4, and 10 days postspray (10, 14, and 20 Sep).
Banded Sunflower Moth Larval Control, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Martin James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a grower’s field near Gary, Norman county, MN. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and placed 250 ft each from the east and north edge of a 40 acre field. Plots were 4 rows by 30 ft in length. Insecticides were broadcast applied on 8 Aug, one day after the main field was treated with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre methyl parathion 4E, 0.12 lb (AI)/acre Pydrin 2.4E, and 0.5 lb (AI)/acre Furadan 4F. Fifty percent of plants had male florets extended (50% bloom) on 8 Aug. Application was made using a hand held CO2 sprayed with 40 psi pressure and 20 gal total material per acre. Plant height w.is approximately 6 ft. Temperature at application was 83°F. Damaged seed counts were taken by smashing heads prior to threshing, removing 2 cupsful of this unclean material, and examining 100 seeds and/or florets for larval feeding.
Soil Systemic and Foliar Insect Control in Sunflower, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Person Howard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a growers field near Fosston, Polk County, MN. Plot size was 4 rows by 30 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plant populations were 17,000 per acre. All systemics were applied on 1 Jun at the cotyledon stage and covered lightly with soil. Soil moisture was excellent. Foliars were broadcast on 6 Jul using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 20 gal total material applied per acre at 40 lb psi pressure. Data collected included plant stands, disease incidence (Phoma, Alternaria, Sclerotinia), plant breakage, seed size, defoliation, tunnels/5 plants, and yield. Only defoliation, tunnels/5 plants and yield are reported. Other data were nonsignificant.
Insect Control on Burley Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight foliar-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Burley tobacco Gr 136 was transplanted on 21 May. Plots were 30 ft × 40 rows spaced 40 inches apart and 18 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Soil was classified as Hermitage silt loam with 2-5% slope, pH 6.0. Four insecticide applications were made during the season (11 Jun, 26 Jun, 18 Jul, 9 Aug). Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and tank pressure of 30 psi. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average number of feeding hole/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from top of plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Hornworm damage was counted on 3 Jul and expressed as % plants damaged.
Control of Leafminer Larvae in Chrysanthemum, California, OCT. 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Standardized 3-leaved potted mum plants (10 per treatment) were exposed to adult leafminers 7 days prior to insecticide application. Larval mine counts were made prior to pesticide treatment. The materials were applied to the plants to runoff, with a 1-gal B&G sprayer, with a Spraying Systems 5003 nozzle, at 55 psi on Oct. 30 (T = 16.8-17.2°C). The mum plants were cut at the base after the materials had dried and just prior to emergence of the larvae from the mum leaves. The plants were placed on a layer of sand in individual petri dishes, where the larvae exited the leaves, dropped to the sand and pupated. The petri dishes were held at constant 26.7°C. After pupation, the sand was sifted to collect the pupae which were counted and held at 26.7°C for adult emergence. The spreader sticker, Triton X-100 was added to all treatments at the rate of 1 ml/gal.
Apples, White Apple Leafhopper Test, 1985
Authors: Howill Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Materials were applied by handgun dilute on 14 Aug 1985. Evaluations involved a single precount in which nymphs were counted on 25 leaves for each replication. After treatment counts were made at 2 intervals using the same procedure.
Control of Leafminer Larvae in Cut Chrysanthemum, California, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test consisted of 4 treatments in Encinitas CA. Three treatments were composed of 8 weekly applications of Trigard 75WP @ 0.125 lb (AI)/acre, Avid 0.15E @ 0.003 lb (AI)/100 gal oi Evisect 50SP @ 0.5 lb (AI)/100 gal, beginning 16 Sep. The 4th treatment consisted of a weekly application of Penncap-M + Pounce on Tues beginning 28 Aug, and a weekly application of Dursban 50WP, beginning 2 Sep. Each replicate consisted of 10,000 ft2 and the test was replicated 4 times. Four days after the 8th application, 5 whole plant samples (var. White Marble) were removed from each treatment/replicate. Samples were evaluated for the number of completed mines/leaf on the upper 2/3 of each plant as an indication of aesthetic injury to marketable foliage.
Chemical Control of the Brown Garden Snail in a Commercial Nursery, 1985
Authors: Yost J. T. , Ferrentino G. W. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a commercial saran house in Orange Co., CA, 12 square wooden arenas (9 ft2 in area), lined with 3 mil thick polyethylene sheeting, were filled 1 inch deep with moist soil. The top of each arena was covered with wire screening to prevent the escape of snails. Fourteen bare-root chrysanthemum cuttings, 1-m. old, were planted in a 1-ft2 area on the east side of each arena. On the opposite (west) side of the arena, 20 mature (ca. 1 inch diam) snails, collected from an untreated biological control citrus grove, were placed beneath a 1-ft2 wooden harborage. Providing harborage for the snails at a distance of 2 ft from the chrysanthemums roughly approximates field conditions under which snails normally seek cool shelter during the day and actively forage for food at night. Materials were applied 4 Jun. An untreated check was included, with each treatment being replicated 3 times. Bullets and pellets were distributed evenly throughout foliage at a rate proportional to 4 lb (AI)/acre. Paste was applied as one dime-sized drop at each of the 4 corners of the 1-ft2 chrysanthemum planting at a rate proportional to 4 lb (AI)/acre. Arenas were irrigated daily for one hour by overhead sprinklers. The number of dead, moribund and aestivating snails was recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days after application of the materials.
Control of the Green Peach Aphid on Potted Chrysanthemums, 1985
Authors: Yost J. T. , Ferrentino G. W. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty pots were randomly assigned to each of 4 treatment groups and 10 terminals per treatment were randomly selected and tagged. The number of aphids on each selected terminal was counted and ranked using the following scale: 0 = 0 aphids, 1 = 1-25 aphids, 2 = 26-50 aphids, 3 = 51-75 aphids, 4 = 76-100 aphids, and 5 = more than 100 aphids per terminal. Materials were applied 13 Sep to 10-week-old (¼ open) commercially grown potted chrysanthemums (5 plants/ 6½-inch pot, cultivar ‘Paragon’), using a John Bean sprayer at 250 psi and 200 gal/acre, through an array of 6 Spray Systems 5003 nozzles mounted terminally on a 3-foot wand. Pretreatment counts averaged over 100 aphids per terminal in all treatments.
Control of Leafminer Using Neem (Azadiractha Indica a. Juss.) Seed Extract, 1984-85
Authors: Larew H. G. , Knodel J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticidal tests were conducted in research greenhouses in Beltsville, MD. Tissue cultured plantlets were received from Apopka, FL and were grown in Promix BX for 3 mo in square plastic pots (10 × 10 cm at top). The first test was conducted in Jul ‘84. On Jul 20, 4 randomly chosen plants were each sprayed to the point of runoff with 25 ml of water. At the same time, another 4 plants were each sprayed with 25 ml of 0.4% neem seed extract. This concentration was prepared by diluting neem seed extract concentrate (sample A13-42845 (AN 4.57); Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705) on a weight/volume basis with water. The concentrate contained 2300 ppm azadirachtin, an insecticidal constituent of neem seed extract. Because the neem seed extract contained ethanol, a third group of 4 plants was each sprayed with 25 ml 0.4% ethanol. Plants were allowed to dry for 24 h. They were then randomly placed in a cage under lights (16 h light: 8 h dark) with 50-75 adult leafminers for 24 h. Plants were then removed from the cage, leafminers were removed from the plants, and plants were returned to the greenhouse.
Summer Control of White Grubs on a Long Island Golf Course, 1985
Authors: Baker P. B. , Villani M. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were applied to a rough in Eisenhower Park, LI, NY on Aug 19 for control of a mixed population Oriental/Japanese/Asiatic Garden beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (20%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), bentgrass (10%), and broadleaf weeds (40%). The experimental design was a RGB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft × 10 ft. Thatch accumulation was ca. 0.25 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied with 3 gal of water through a watering an All liquid applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature, 80°F; soil temperature (1 inch), 75°F; soil type, gravelly loam; soil pH, 7.1; water pH 9.2; and soil moisture, 18.9%. Posttreatment couts were taken 35 days later (Sept 24) by cutting a 1 × 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (2.25 inch) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were determined in the laboratory.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Driving Range in Mifflin Co., PA, 1985
Authors: Heller P. R. , Eisner E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The driving range consisted of annual bluegrass (60%) and crabgrass (40%). Treatment plots were 6 × 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied 20 Aug with a CO2 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on 6-ft boom, operating at 35 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were mixed with sand top-dressing to facilitate product distribution. Then they were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 85°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 73°F; soil type, silt loam; soil pH, 5.8; % organic matter, 3.9; soil condition, dry; % soil moisture, 13.4; amt thatch 0.25-1.0 inches; water pH, slightly acidic; % RH, 70; and clear sunny skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rain was recorded over the posttreatment period.
Effect of Granular Aqua Grow on Efficacy of Dursban Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts Lawn, 1985
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of Dursban (4E and 2G) were applied at 2 rates to a lawn maintained of ca. 2.5 inch. Each combination was applied with 1.75 or 3.5 lb granular Aqua Grow. All materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid (granular formulations) or with 3 qt of water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All plots were replicated 5 times in a CRB design. The test area received 0.5 inch irrigation (pH 8.4) immediately after application. All materials were applied 31 Jul and plots were sampled 19 Sept. Two 1-sq-ft of sod, ca 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
ST. Augustinegrass, Southern Chinch Bug Control, Florida, 1984
Authors: Reinert James A. , Bilz Frank G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An infested Bitter Blue’ lawn at the Ft. Lauderdale Research Center was divided into 1.5 × 3.0-m (50 ft2) plots. Chinch bug populations were measured before treatments and at 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Samples were made by forcing a 34.7-cm- diameter (1 ft2) metal cylinder partially into the turf, filling it with water to flood the turf and counting the chinch bugs that floated to the surface in 8 min. Plots were assigned to 4 replicates by posttreatment counts, in a randomized complete block experiment and treatments were applied 30 Aug. Emulsifiable formulations of diazinon and chlorpyrifos were applied with an Ortho® brand hose-end siphon sprayer. These 2 treatments also served as standards for the experiment. All other test insecticides were provided by S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. as hose-end aerosol formulations (HA). Each aerosol formulation also contained a foam tracer.
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae Feeding on the Roots of Eastern Hemlocks at a Nursery in Essex, CT 1984
Authors: Moore Robert E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A stand of hemlocks (0.5-1.0 m) growing at a nursery was found to be infested with mature larvae (0-10, mean 7/rootball) on 15 Jun. The soil type was a silt loam with a pH of 5.0. Weed growth throughout the season was kept to a minimum by a herbicide program employed by the nursery owner. To determine the effect of Oftanol on the next generation of the Japanese beetle larvae 2 rates of the insecticide were applied with a hand-held cyclone-type applicator on 18 Jun. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and the plots which were 8 rows wide (6.4 m × 13.1 m) were randomized. The weather conditions during the treatment were: temp 84°F, RH 85%, the sky overcast and the soil surface was moist from an early morning shower. Rain fell (0.46 cm) on the evening after treatment and 1.14 cm fell on 24 Jun. The field was not cultivated for 30 days after treatment. On 27 Nov, 5 randomly selected trees were dug from each plot and the soil was knocked from the rootballs into a sifter where larvae could be counted.
Florida Wax Scale Control, 1985
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Holt G. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants were growing in 1-gal containers of an amended pine bark medium. Jobe’s Plant Food Spikes impregnated with an insecticide and checks were uniformly placed 0.5 inch below the soil surface, 1 inch from pot rim. In the two-spike treatments spikes were placed directly opposite each other in the pot. Treatments were replicated, completely randomized, and maintained in an unshaded glass greenhouse. Percent mortality was determined by examining 100 scales per plant using a probe and microscope.
Florida Wax Scale Control, 1985
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Williams M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested Burford holly growing in 1-gal containers of an amended pine bark medium were selected for treatments listed. Insecticides plus Nu-Film 17 (0.5 pt/100 gal water) were applied to all leaf surfaces until run-off with a hand-pumped, compressed air sprayer. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Twenty-one days after treatment, percent mortality was determined by examining 100 scales per plant using a probe and microscope.