bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and auditing in small‐ and medium‐sized firms: Expectations and applications
Authors: Rikhardsson Pall , Thórisson Kristinn R. , Bergthorsson Gudmundur , Batt Catherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAuditing is a field of expertise often mentioned as being ripe for automation using artificial intelligence methods at all levels of operations. Primarily, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the auditing profession is done by and for large organizations, leveraging large datasets. While AI approaches for big data are continually improving, methods for small data are scarce. Yet most firms in the world employ fewer than 50 people and can, therefore, rarely rely on big data for automation. In our study, we ask auditors, who mainly audit SMEs, about their expectations towards the impact of AI on the auditing profession and where they expect it to provide the most value when it comes to auditing SMEs. We find that these auditors expect significant improvements in their own efficiency on the job, that learning to use AI applications will not be a challenge for them, and that the use of AI in auditing firms will become mandatory in the future. They expect the performance of certain tasks to become AI‐augmented, including risk assessment of individual transactions, conducting audit interviews, performing all manners of analysis, writing confirmation letters, performing the final verification of annual reports, and performing physical observations. Considering these results, we discuss the potential impact of these developments, such as how AI could make the auditing process more effective and efficient but also how AI could lead to an even higher concentration of the auditing service industry.
2D Xenes: Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Applications in Photonic Devices
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Liu Jun , Yin Peng , Ge Yanqi , Al‐Hartomy Omar A. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Wageh Swelm , Tang Yuxuan , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, tremendous attention has been paid to the investigation of single‐element 2D materials. These 2D materials mainly consist of elements from group IV and group V such as silicene, phosphorene, and antimonene. Together with other four elements from groups III and VI, they are classified as 2D Xenes and exhibit rich optical and optoelectronic properties such as broadband optical response, strong nonlinearity, ultrafast recovery time, and layer‐dependent bandgap. 2D Xenes can be easily integrated with microfibers and other optical platforms. On the basis of their attracting characteristics, 2D Xenes have been utilized in various functional devices. In this review, the optical and optoelectronic properties of the most intensively studied 2D Xenes are introduced. Their applications in photonic devices including all‐optical modulators, wavelength converters, ultrafast lasers, and photodetectors are explicitly explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of photonic devices based on 2D Xenes are discussed.
Revealing 2D Magnetism in a Bulk CrSBr Single Crystal by Electron Spin Resonance
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Ke Shenggang , del Águila Andrés Granados , Söll Aljoscha , Sofer Zdenek , Wu Qiong , Yue Ming , Li Liang , Liu Xue , Fanciulli Marco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract2D magnets represent material systems in which magnetic order and topological phase transitions can be observed. Based on these phenomena, novel types of computing architectures and magnetoelectronic devices can be envisaged. Unlike conventional magnetic films, their magnetism is independent of the substrate and interface qualities, and 2D magnetic properties manifest even in formally bulk single crystals. However, 2D magnetism in layered materials is rarely reported often due to weak exchange interactions and magnetic anisotropy, and low magnetic transition temperatures. Here, the electron spin resonance (ESR) properties of a layered antiferromagnetic CrSBr single crystal are reported. The W‐like shape angular dependence of the ESR linewidth provides a signature for room temperature spin–spin correlations and for the XY spin model. By approaching the Néel temperature the arising of competing intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic interactions might lead to the formation of vortex and antivortex pairs. This argument is inferred by modeling the temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth with the topological Berezinskii‐Kosterlitz‐Thouless phase transition. These findings together with the chemical stability and semiconducting properties, make CrSBr a promising layered magnet for future magneto‐ and topological‐electronics.
Gradient Modulus Tissue Adhesive Composite for Dynamic Wound Closure
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Guohao , Chen You , Zhao Xiaotong , Wang Yatong , Liu Jie , Li Zhe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWound closure in fluid‐rich and dynamic environments is challenging. Wound closed by suturing or stapling is prone to tear, causing fluid leakage and inflection. Despite recent advances in tissue adhesive for wound sealing, existing tissue adhesive hydrogels are too soft and stretchable to keep wound edges together under dynamic loading. Here a biodegradable gradient modulus tissue adhesive composite (GmTAC), consisting of three functional components including a tissue adhesive matrix, a gradient modulus micro‐mesh, and an oil‐infused anti‐adhesion surface is presented. The 100 µm thick GmTAC patch can rapidly adhere on wet tissue surface to seal the wound, protect the wound from dynamic tear, prevent adhesion with surrounding tissue, and gradually degrade without the need of patch retrieval. Moreover, an optimally designed GmTAC patch can make the wounded intestine deform like its intact counterpart without visible tear or stress concentration even under large tension or inflation. Efficacy of the GmTAC for wound closure and tear prevention in dynamic and fluid‐rich environments is verified in vitro and in vivo with simulation. This study thereby demonstrates that this strategy has the great potential for the management of challenging wounds.
Tissue Niche Miniature of Glioblastoma Patient Treated with Nano‐Awakeners to Induce Suicide of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yoon Seon‐Jin , Baek Sewoom , Yu Seung Eun , Jo Euna , Lee Dongkyu , Shim Jin‐Kyoung , Choi Ran Joo , Park Junseong , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui‐Hyun , Chang Jong Hee , Lee Jung Bok , Park Joon‐Sang , Sung Hak‐Joon , Kang Seok‐Gu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatient‐specific cancer therapies can evolve by vitalizing the mother tissue‐like cancer niche, cellular profile, genetic signature, and drug responsiveness. This evolution has enabled the elucidation of a key mechanism along with development of the mechanism‐driven therapy. After surgical treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) patients require prompt therapy within 14 days in a patient‐specific manner. Hence, this study approaches direct culture of GBM patient tissue (1 mm diameter) in a microchannel network chip. Cancer vasculature‐mimetic perfusion can support the preservation of the mother tissue‐like characteristic signatures and microenvironment. When temozolomide and radiation are administered within 1 day, the responsiveness of the tissue in the chip reflected the clinical outcomes, thereby overcoming the time‐consuming process of cell and organoid culture. When the tissue chip culture is continued, the intact GBM signature gets lost, and the outward migration of stem cells from the tissue origin increases, indicating a leaving‐home effect on the family dismantle. Nanovesicle production using GBM stem cells enables self‐chasing of the cells that escape the temozolomide effect owing to quiescence. The anti‐PTPRZ1 peptide display and temozolomide loading to nanovesicles awakes cancer stem cells from the quiescent stage to death. This study suggests a GBM clinic‐driven avatar platform and mechanism‐learned nanotherapy for translation.
Implanting CoOx Clusters on Ordered Macroporous ZnO Nanoreactors for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Wang Yan , Fan Guilan , Wang Sibo , Li Yunxiang , Guo Yan , Luan Deyan , Gu Xiaojun , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite suffering from slow charge‐carrier mobility, photocatalysis is still an attractive and promising technology toward producing green fuels from solar energy. An effective approach is to design and fabricate advanced architectural materials as photocatalysts to enhance the performance of semiconductor‐based photocatalytic systems. Herein, metal–organic‐framework‐derived hierarchically ordered porous nitrogen and carbon co‐doped ZnO (N‐C‐ZnO) structures are developed as nanoreactors with decorated CoOx nanoclusters for CO2‐to‐CO conversion driven by visible light. Introduction of hierarchical nanoarchitectures with highly ordered interconnected meso–macroporous channels shows beneficial properties for photocatalytic reduction reactions, including enhanced mobility of charge carriers throughout the highly accessible framework, maximized exposure of active sites, and inhibited recombination of photoinduced charge carriers. Density functional theory calculations further reveal the key role of CoOx nanoclusters with high affinity to CO2 molecules, and the CoO bonds formed on the surface of the composite exhibit stronger charge redistribution. As a result, the obtained CoOx/N‐C‐ZnO demonstrates enhanced photocatalysis performance in terms of high CO yield and long‐term stability.
Doping Engineering in the MoS2/SnSe2 Heterostructure toward High‐Rejection‐Ratio Solar‐Blind UV Photodetection
Authors: Yu Yali , Shen Tao , Long Haoran , Zhong Mianzeng , Xin Kaiyao , Zhou Ziqi , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Yue‐Yang , Wakabayashi Hitoshi , Liu Liyuan , Yang Juehan , Wei Zhongming , Deng Hui‐Xiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intentionally designed band alignment of heterostructures and doping engineering are keys to implement device structure design and device performance optimization. According to the theoretical prediction of several typical materials among the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and group‐IV metal chalcogenides, MoS2 and SnSe2 present the largest staggered band offset. The large band offset is conducive to the separation of photogenerated carriers, thus MoS2/SnSe2 is a theoretically ideal candidate for fabricating photodetector, which is also verified in the experiment. Furthermore, in order to extend the photoresponse spectrum to solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV), doping engineering is adopted to form an additional electron state, which provides an extra carrier transition channel. In this work, pure MoS2/SnSe2 and doped MoS2/SnSe2 heterostructures are both fabricated. In terms of the photoelectric performance evaluation, the rejection ratio R254/R532 of the photodetector based on doped MoS2/SnSe2 is five orders of magnitude higher than that of pure MoS2/SnSe2, while the response time is obviously optimized by 3 orders. The results demonstrate that the combination of band alignment and doping engineering provides a new pathway for constructing SBUV photodetectors.
Switchable Synthesis of Aldehydes and Carboxylic Acids from Alcohols by Platinum‐Catalysed Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Using Flow Reactors
Authors: Kon Yoshihiro , Nakashima Takuya , Onozawa Shun‐ya , Sato Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSwitchable synthesis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from alcohols by Pt‐catalysed H2O2 oxidation is performed for the first time using flow reactors. The use of an optimised amount of zero‐valent Pt black diluted with SiO2 catalyst demonstrates controlled H2O2 oxidation of allylic alcohols, benzyl alcohols, and aliphatic alcohols. From a probe reaction, Pt catalytic activity to produce a carboxylic acid from the corresponding alcohol improves depending on the temperature increasing from 40 to 90 °C. The set of reaction conditions about the combination of temperature and flow rate as a simple trigger works sensitively to divide the formation of aldehydes and carboxylic acids without tuning by additives.magnified image
Photoresponsive Hydrogel‐Coated Upconversion Cyanobacteria Nanocapsules for Myocardial Infarction Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhong Da , He Yizhe , Jiang Junkai , Xie Weichang , Tang Zhibo , Qiu Jianbin , Luo Jun , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a common disease that seriously threatens human health. It is noteworthy that oxygen is one of the key factors in the regulation of MI pathology procession: the controllable hypoxic microenvironment can enhance the tolerance of cardiac myocytes (CMs) and oxygen therapy regulates the immune microenvironment to repair the myocardial injury. Thus, the development of an oxygen‐controllable treatment is critically important to unify MI prevention and timely treatment. Here, a hydrogel encapsulated upconversion cyanobacterium nanocapsule for both MI prevention and treatment is successfully synthesized. The engineered cyanobacteria can consume oxygen via respiration to generate a hypoxic microenvironment, resulting in the upregulation of heat shock protein70 (HSP70), which can enhance the tolerance of CMs for MI. When necessary, under 980 nm near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, the system releases photosynthetic oxygen through upconversion luminescence (UCL) to inhibit macrophage M1 polarization, and downregulates pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), thereby repairing myocardial injury. To sum up, a photoresponsive upconversion cyanobacterium nanocapsule is developed, which can achieve MI prevention and treatment for only one injection via NIR‐defined respiration and photosynthesis.
Assembly: A Key Enabler for the Construction of Superior Silicon‐Based Anodes
Authors: Jiang Miaomiao , Chen Junliang , Zhang Yingbing , Song Nan , Jiang Wan , Yang Jianping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSilicon (Si) is regarded as the most promising anode material for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, and low working potential. However, the large volume variation during the continuous lithiation/delithiation processes easily leads to structural damage and serious side reactions. To overcome the resultant rapid specific capacity decay, the nanocrystallization and compound strategies are proposed to construct hierarchically assembled structures with different morphologies and functions, which develop novel energy storage devices at nano/micro scale. The introduction of assembly strategies in the preparation process of silicon‐based materials can integrate the advantages of both nanoscale and microstructures, which significantly enhance the comprehensive performance of the prepared silicon‐based assemblies. Unfortunately, the summary and understanding of assembly are still lacking. In this review, the understanding of assembly is deepened in terms of driving forces, methods, influencing factors and advantages. The recent research progress of silicon‐based assembled anodes and the mechanism of the functional advantages for assembled structures are reviewed from the aspects of spatial confinement, layered construction, fasciculate structure assembly, superparticles, and interconnected assembly strategies. Various feasible strategies for structural assembly and performance improvement are pointed out. Finally, the challenges and integrated improvement strategies for assembled silicon‐based anodes are summarized.
Interfaced Structures between Halide Perovskites: From Basics to Construction to Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Xiao Shuang , Qian Wei , Yang Shihe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tsunami of research on halide perovskites over the last decade is sparked by the unexpected revelation of their singular properties, creating a new field of perovskite optoelectronics with great achievements. Soon recognized is the importance of perovskite–perovskite (pe–pe) interfaced structures with coherent interfaces on account of the ease with which to tailor perovskite semiconducting properties, and the prospect to inject new functions and boost device performance. There have been prominent developments in the pe–pe interfaced structures concerning their innovative construction strategies, distinctive properties, and interesting optoelectronic applications. This article provides an overview of recent advances on the pe–pe interfaced structures with a view to informing their rational design and guiding the improvement of the derivate devices. It begins with introduction of the structures, energy levels, band alignments, and ion migration pertaining to the pe–pe interfaced structures. Next, five synthetic approaches are systematically presented. Then, theories, simulations, and characterizations of the interfaced structures are discussed. This is followed by highlighting the distinctive applications of the pe–pe interfaced structures in solar cells, detectors, and light‐emitting diodes. Finally, the review is concluded by comprehensively summing up the key points covered and pointing out promising research directions along the line for future endeavors.
Accelerated Development of High Voltage Li‐Ion Cathodes
Authors: Jonderian Antranik , Jia Shipeng , Yoon Gabin , Cozea Victor Teodor , Galabi Nooshin Zeinali , Ma Sang Bok , McCalla Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh voltage cathodes are attractive for high energy density Li‐ion batteries. However, candidates such as LiCoPO4 have presented numerous challenges stemming from poor electronic/ionic conductivities such that typical solutions involving nanosizing result in extremely poor cycling performance. Here, high‐throughput methods are applied to develop near‐micron sized carbon‐coated LiCoPO4 with improved energy density and capacity retention. In total, 1300 materials with 46 different substituents are synthesized and characterized. A number of substituents show greatly improved capacity (e.g., 160 mAh g−1 for 1% indium (In) substitution vs 95 mAh g−1 for the pristine). However, co‐doping is required to improve extended cycling. Li1–3xCo1–2xInxMoxPO4 is found to be particularly effective with dramatically improved cycling (as high as 100% after 10 cycles, vs ≈50% in unsubstituted). While In improves the electronic conductivity of the carbon‐coated materials, molybdenum (Mo) co‐doping gives larger particles. DFT calculations show that Mo impedes the formation of Li/Co antisite defects.
ASBase: The universal database for aggregate science
Authors: Gong Junyi , Gong Wanjun , Wu Bo , Wang Haoran , He Wei , Dai Zhongyang , Li Yangzhong , Liu Yong , Wang Zhiming , Tuo Xiaojun , Lam Jacky W.Y. , Qiu Zijie , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the first universal and versatile database on aggregate materials for the field of aggregate science research. At the current stage, the database (http://119.91.135.188:8080/) contains over 1000 entries of organic aggregate material systems (mainly luminescent systems at the current stage) with a unique data structure which is designed particularly for aggregate materials and containing the photophysics and physicochemical properties of the compounds in different statuses of aggregation, including dilute solution form, pristine solid‐state, stable crystalline, and nanoaggregates formed in solvents. The web‐based interface of the database provided functions to index, search, manipulate, fetch and deposit data entries. In addition, a background calculation service optimizes the chemical structure of new entries on different levels of accuracies. The database also provided background API for interactive developments of prediction or regression models based on machine‐learning algorithms.
Incidence, age at diagnosis and survival with dementia across ethnic groups in England: A longitudinal study using electronic health records
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Marston Louise , Lewis Gemma , Mathur Rohini , Rait Greta , Livingston Gill 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the incidence of diagnosed dementia and whether age at diagnosis and survival afterward differs among the United Kingdom's three largest ethnic groups.MethodsWe used primary care electronic health records, linked Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data for adults aged ≥65 years. We compared recorded dementia incidence 1997–2018, age at diagnosis, survival time and age at death after diagnosis in White, South Asian, and Black people.ResultsDementia incidence was higher in Black people (incidence rate ratios [IRR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.30). South Asian and Black people with dementia had a younger age of death than White participants (mean difference for South Asian participants ‐2.97 years, (95% CI ‐3.41 to ‐2.53); and Black participants ‐2.66 years, (95% CI ‐3.08 to ‐2.24).DiscussionSouth Asian and Black peoples’ younger age of diagnosis and death means targeted prevention and care strategies for these groups should be prioritized and tailored to facilitate take‐up.
Bright and Photostable Fluorescent Metal Nanocluster Supraparticles from Invert Emulsions
Authors: Zhou Shaochen , Peng Bo , Duan Yanyan , Liu Kai , Ikkala Olli , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFluorescent supraparticles of gold, silver and copper nanoclusters are synthesized by simply drying of invert emulsions, resulting in a dozen‐fold increase in photoluminescence quantum yield (up to ≈80 %) and a significant improvement in photostability. The inhibition of the ligand twisting during the intramolecular charge transfer is found to be responsible for the enhancement, especially for the gold nanocluster supraparticles. This research provides a general, flexible, and easy method for producing highly luminescent and photostable metal nanocluster‐based materials that promise practical applications in white‐light‐emitting diodes.
Mechanistic Origin of Favorable Substituent Effects in Excellent Cu Cyclam Based HNO Sensors
Authors: Shi Yelu , Stella Gianna , Chu Jia‐Min , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHNO has broad chemical and biomedical properties. Metal complexes and derivatives are widely used to make excellent HNO sensors. However, their favorable mechanistic origins are largely unknown. Cu cyclam is a useful platform to make excellent HNO sensors including imaging agents. A quantum chemical study of Cu cyclams with various substitutions was performed, which reproduced diverse experimental reactivities. Structural, electronic, and energetic profiles along reaction pathways show the importance of HNO binding and a proton‐coupled electron transfer mechanism for HNO reaction. Results reveal that steric effect is primary and electronic factor is secondary (if the redox potential is sufficient), but their interwoven effects can lead to unexpected reactivity, which looks mysterious experimentally but can be explained computationally. This work suggests rational substituent design ideas and recommends a theoretical study of a new design to save time and cost due to its subtle effect.
Vapor‐Triggered Mechanical Actuation in Polymer Composite Films Based on Crystalline Organic Cages
Authors: Alimi Lukman O. , Fang Fang , Moosa Basem , Ding Yanjun , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of smart materials, which can efficiently mimic biological systems through the introduction of soft components, is of great importance in the emerging fields of sensors and actuators. Herein, a smart composite film that can mechanically respond to vapors trigger then readily restores its original shape upon the removal of the stimuli is reported. This actuating composite film was prepared by mixing the highly elastic poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer with the flexible and crystalline organic cages (Oba‐cage) at variable concentrations. The mechanism of the mechanical response could be accurately recorded due to the ordered cage crystals. This work highlights the importance of designing smart materials at the molecular level to precisely control the response or reaction upon the introduction of different triggers, which can ultimately lead to a monumental leap in the field of soft robotics.