bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barite concrete-based cement composites for 252Cf spontaneous neutron and 60Co/192Ir shielding based on Monte Carlo computation
Authors: Guembou Shouop Cebastien Joel , Bak Sang-In , Mekontso Eric Jilbert Nguelem , Ndontchueng Moyo Maurice , Strivay David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Barite concrete composite materials have been investigated for 252Cf spontaneous neutron and 60Co/192Ir gamma sources’ shielding using Monte Carlo computational method. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) was used to compute the shielding properties of three different materials (barite concrete, barite cement, and barite aggregate) used as structural walls in fixed neutron & gamma industrial radiography for Non-Destructive Testing applications. The obtained results displayed good properties of barite concrete in shielding spontaneous neutrons emitted from the 252Cf source, as the effective dose drops about 108 times in only 140 cm wall thickness, and it was found to be about 10 times more effective than other materials investigated. In addition, the investigated gamma shielding properties of the barite concrete showed a relatively smaller wall thickness compared to the ordinary concrete. The decision-making process based on the ALARA principle of dose limitation showed that the use of barite concrete in such facilities is more effective than the use of barite cement and barite aggregate, for both gamma and neutron radiography shielding design. To achieve an average value of 1 μSv/h, the obtained result shows that 80 cm of Barite concrete is needed, while 125 and 130 cm of barite cement and barite aggregate are needed, respectively to shield the Co-60 source. Meanwhile, 50 cm of wall made of barite concrete is sufficient to cut down the effective dose rate to 1 μSv/h (for 50 Ci and 55 cm for 150 Ci 192Ir), which is an appropriate design for the public area adjacent to the industrial radiographic facility. It was therefore concluded from the obtained data that barite concrete is the most effective shielding material for radioactive sources (60Co, 192Ir, and 252Cf) used in radiographic applications.
Size-dependent frequency of simply supported elastic ultra-thin films with surface effect under periodic vibration
Authors: Huang Dianwu , Wang Wei , Ni Xiaohui , Jiang Yuanhai , Liu Hongfei , Xiong Houren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although surface effects play an important role in the mechanical properties of ultra-thin films, the nonlinear vibrations of ultra-thin films influenced by surface effects have not been fully understood. This paper develops an analytical framework for studying the nonlinear vibrations of simply supported ultra-thin films with surface effects. The framework is based on the modified Kirchhoff plate theory. The surface stress effects are treated by the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity model and the motion equations include the effects of curvature and classical inertia. The dimensionless frequency of forcibly vibrated ultra-thin films with a simple support and surface effects is explicitly deduced through a series of perturbation procedure. Finally, the surface effects are evaluated in two numerical examples. In these demonstrations, the surface effects significantly influenced the dimensionless frequency when the film thickness reduced to one micrometer or less.
Dissecting central post-stroke pain: a controlled symptom-psychophysical characterization
Authors: Barbosa Luciana Mendonça , da Silva Valquíria Aparecida , de Lima Rodrigues Antônia Lilian , Mendes Fernandes Diego Toledo Reis , de Oliveira Rogério Adas Ayres , Galhardoni Ricardo , Yeng Lin Tchia , Junior Jefferson Rosi , Conforto Adriana Bastos , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Lemos Marcelo Delboni , Peyron Roland , Garcia-Larrea Luis , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral post-stroke pain affects up to 12% of stroke survivors and is notoriously refractory to treatment. However, stroke patients often suffer from other types of pain of non-neuropathic nature (musculoskeletal, inflammatory, complex regional) and no head-to-head comparison of their respective clinical and somatosensory profiles has been performed so far. We compared 39 patients with definite central neuropathic post-stroke pain with two matched control groups: 32 patients with exclusively non-neuropathic pain developed after stroke and 31 stroke patients not complaining of pain. Patients underwent deep phenotyping via a comprehensive assessment including clinical exam, questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing to dissect central post-stroke pain from chronic pain in general and stroke. While central post-stroke pain was mostly located in the face and limbs, non-neuropathic pain was predominantly axial and located in neck, shoulders and knees (P &lt; 0.05). Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory clusters burning (82.1%, n = 32, P &lt; 0.001), tingling (66.7%, n = 26, P &lt; 0.001) and evoked by cold (64.1%, n = 25, P &lt; 0.001) occurred more frequently in central post-stroke pain. Hyperpathia, thermal and mechanical allodynia also occurred more commonly in this group (P &lt; 0.001), which also presented higher levels of deafferentation (P &lt; 0.012) with more asymmetric cold and warm detection thresholds compared with controls. In particular, cold hypoesthesia (considered when the threshold of the affected side was &lt;41% of the contralateral threshold) odds ratio (OR) was 12 (95% CI: 3.8–41.6) for neuropathic pain. Additionally, cold detection threshold/warm detection threshold ratio correlated with the presence of neuropathic pain (ρ = −0.4, P &lt; 0.001). Correlations were found between specific neuropathic pain symptom clusters and quantitative sensory testing: paroxysmal pain with cold (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.008) and heat pain thresholds (ρ = 0.5; P = 0.003), burning pain with mechanical detection (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.015) and mechanical pain thresholds (ρ = −0.4, P &lt; 0.013), evoked pain with mechanical pain threshold (ρ = −0.3; P = 0.047). Logistic regression showed that the combination of cold hypoesthesia on quantitative sensory testing, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and the allodynia intensity on bedside examination explained 77% of the occurrence of neuropathic pain. These findings provide insights into the clinical-psychophysics relationships in central post-stroke pain and may assist more precise distinction of neuropathic from non-neuropathic post-stroke pain in clinical practice and in future trials.
A rat model of a focal mosaic expression of PCDH19 replicates human brain developmental abnormalities and behaviours
Authors: Cwetsch Andrzej W. , Ziogas Ilias , Narducci Roberto , Savardi Annalisa , Bolla Maria , Pinto Bruno , Perlini Laura E. , Bassani Silvia , Passafaro Maria , Cancedda Laura 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Protocadherin 19 gene-related epilepsy or protocadherin 19 clustering epilepsy is an infantile-onset epilepsy syndrome characterized by psychiatric (including autism-related), sensory, and cognitive impairment of varying degrees. Protocadherin 19 clustering epilepsy is caused by X-linked protocadherin 19 protein loss of function. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, protocadherin 19 clustering epilepsy-affected females present a mosaic population of healthy and protocadherin 19-mutant cells. Unfortunately, to date, no current mouse model can fully recapitulate both the brain histological and behavioural deficits present in people with protocadherin 19 clustering epilepsy. Thus, the search for a proper understanding of the disease and possible future treatment is hampered. By inducing a focal mosaicism of protocadherin 19 expression using in utero electroporation in rats, we found here that protocadherin 19 signalling in specific brain areas is implicated in neuronal migration, heat-induced epileptic seizures, core/comorbid behaviours related to autism and cognitive function.
Selection for nonspecific adhesion is a driver of FimH evolution increasingEscherichia colibiofilm capacity
Authors: Yoshida Mari , Thiriet-Rupert Stanislas , Mayer Leonie , Beloin Christophe , Ghigo Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBacterial interactions with surfaces rely on the coordinated expression of a vast repertoire of surface-exposed adhesins. However, how bacteria dynamically modulate their adhesion potential to achieve successful surface colonization is not yet well understood. Here, we investigated changes in adhesion capacity of an initially poorly adherent Escherichia coli strain using experimental evolution and positive selection for mutations improving adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. We showed that all identified evolved populations and clones acquired mutations located almost exclusively in the lectin domain of fimH, the gene coding for the α-d-mannose-specific tip adhesin of type 1 fimbriae, a key E. coli virulence factor. While most of these fimH mutants showed reduced mannose-binding ability, they all displayed enhanced binding to abiotic surfaces, indicating a trade-off between FimH-mediated specific and nonspecific adhesion properties. Several of the identified mutations were already reported in the FimH lectin domain of pathogenic and environmental E. coli, suggesting that, beyond pathoadaptation, FimH microevolution favoring nonspecific surface adhesion could constitute a selective advantage for natural E. coli isolates. Consistently, although E. coli deleted for the fim operon still evolves an increased adhesion capacity, mutants selected in the ∆fim background are outcompeted by fimH mutants revealing clonal interference for adhesion. Our study therefore provides insights into the plasticity of E. coli adhesion potential and shows that evolution of type 1 fimbriae is a major driver of the adaptation of natural E. coli to colonization.
Development of the ADFICE_IT Models for Predicting Falls and Recurrent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Pooled Analyses of European Cohorts With Special Attention to Medication
Authors: van de Loo Bob , Seppala Lotta J , van der Velde Nathalie , Medlock Stephanie , Denkinger Michael , de Groot Lisette CPGM , Kenny Rose-Anne , Moriarty Frank , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Stricker Bruno , Uitterlinden André , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Heymans Martijn W , van Schoor Natasja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Use of fall prevention strategies requires detection of high-risk patients. Our goal was to develop prediction models for falls and recurrent falls in community-dwelling older adults and to improve upon previous models by using a large, pooled sample and by considering a wide range of candidate predictors, including medications.

Methods
Harmonized data from 2 Dutch (LASA, B-PROOF) and 1 German cohort (ActiFE Ulm) of adults aged ≥65 years were used to fit 2 logistic regression models: one for predicting any fall and another for predicting recurrent falls over 1 year. Model generalizability was assessed using internal–external cross-validation.

Results
Data of 5 722 participants were included in the analyses, of whom 1 868 (34.7%) endured at least 1 fall and 702 (13.8%) endured a recurrent fall. Positive predictors for any fall were: educational status, depression, verbal fluency, functional limitations, falls history, and use of antiepileptics and drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence; negative predictors were: body mass index (BMI), grip strength, systolic blood pressure, and smoking. Positive predictors for recurrent falls were: educational status, visual impairment, functional limitations, urinary incontinence, falls history, and use of anti-Parkinson drugs, antihistamines, and drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence; BMI was a negative predictor. The average C-statistic value was 0.65 for the model for any fall and 0.70 for the model for recurrent falls.

Conclusion
Compared with previous models, the model for recurrent falls performed favorably while the model for any fall performed similarly. Validation and optimization of the models in other populations are warranted.
Living in darkness: Exploring adaptation of Proteus anguinus in 3 dimensions by X-ray imaging
Authors: Tesařová Markéta , Mancini Lucia , Mauri Edgardo , Aljančič Gregor , Năpăruş-Aljančič Magdalena , Kostanjšek Rok , Bizjak Mali Lilijana , Zikmund Tomáš , Kaucká Markéta , Papi Federica , Goyens Jana , Bouchnita Anass , Hellander Andreas , Adameyko Igor , Kaiser Jozef 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Lightless caves can harbour a wide range of living organisms. Cave animals have evolved a set of morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations known as troglomorphisms, enabling their survival in the perpetual darkness, narrow temperature and humidity ranges, and nutrient scarcity of the subterranean environment. In this study, we focused on adaptations of skull shape and sensory systems in the blind cave salamander, Proteus anguinus, also known as olm or simply proteus—the largest cave tetrapod and the only European amphibian living exclusively in subterranean environments. This extraordinary amphibian compensates for the loss of sight by enhanced non-visual sensory systems including mechanoreceptors, electroreceptors, and chemoreceptors. We compared developmental stages of P. anguinus with Ambystoma mexicanum, also known as axolotl, to make an exemplary comparison between cave- and surface-dwelling paedomorphic salamanders.

Findings
We used contrast-enhanced X-ray computed microtomography for the 3D segmentation of the soft tissues in the head of P. anguinus and A. mexicanum. Sensory organs were visualized to elucidate how the animal is adapted to living in complete darkness. X-ray microCT datasets were provided along with 3D models for larval, juvenile, and adult specimens, showing the cartilage of the chondrocranium and the position, shape, and size of the brain, eyes, and olfactory epithelium.

Conclusions
P. anguinus still keeps some of its secrets. Our high-resolution X-ray microCT scans together with 3D models of the anatomical structures in the head may help to elucidate the nature and origin of the mechanisms behind its adaptations to the subterranean environment, which led to a series of troglomorphisms.
Association of C-reactive Protein and Partial Mayo Score With Response to Tofacitinib Induction Therapy: Results From the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Program
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C , Magro Fernando , Steinwurz Flavio , Hudesman David P , Kinnucan Jami A , Ungaro Ryan C , Neurath Markus F , Kulisek Nicole , Paulissen Jerome , Su Chinyu , Ponce de Leon Dario , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). These post hoc analyses assessed associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), partial Mayo score (PMS), and efficacy outcomes during tofacitinib induction in UC.

Methods
Patients received tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) in an 8-week, phase 2 induction study and 2 identical, 8-week, phase 3 induction studies (OCTAVE Induction 1&2); induction nonresponders (IndNR) received an additional 8 weeks of tofacitinib 10 mg BID in an open-label, long-term extension study. Associations between CRP and PMS, and efficacy outcomes (clinical response, clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, and endoscopic remission) were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Changes from baseline in the logarithm of CRP ([log]CRP) and PMS at week 4 were associated with clinical response at week 8 (univariate: per unit, odds ratio [OR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48-0.62]; and 0.42 [0.37-0.47], respectively). Among IndNR, change from baseline in PMS at week 8 was associated with clinical response at week 16 (univariate: per unit, OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46-0.75). C-reactive protein at week 4 (area under the curve [AUC] &gt; 0.6) and PMS at weeks 2 and 4 (AUC, &gt; 0.7) generally exhibited predictive value for week 8 efficacy outcomes.

Conclusions
Patients who achieved clinical response at week 8 had larger decreases in CRP and PMS at week 4 than patients who did not. IndNR who achieved clinical response at week 16 with extended tofacitinib induction had a larger decrease in PMS at week 8 vs those who did not. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00787202;NCT01465763;NCT01458951;NCT01470612.
Unpacking the Role of Metrics in Global Vaccination Governance
Authors: Pichelstorfer Anna , Paul Katharina T 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent efforts by intergovernmental actors, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), to foster collaboration on vaccine-preventable diseases stand in stark contrast to the contextually contingent nature of national immunization programs: vaccination schedules and delivery differ greatly, and so do the ways in which these programs are assessed by means of coverage rates—a key metric in global health governance. These divergences, we show, are sidelined and resolved diplomatically in WHO assessment practices: here, seemingly standardized metrics and practices of datafication function to translate political differences into technical discussions about “data quality.” Using a practice-based approach, we conceptualize data practices as a form of health diplomacy and their infrastructures as constitutive of global health governance. Drawing on document analysis and interviews, we examine the WHO’s practices of producing coverage rates provided by member states. We argue that these metrics are performative inasmuch as they help frame vaccination as a global concern and mediate between global norms and local practices. We show how datafication is both an effect of, and a means for, health diplomacy and helps sustain the authority of the WHO. Our research further demonstrates the need to attend to practices of datafication and their political implications.
Exclusivity and Circularity in the Production of Global Governance Expertise: The Making of “Global Mental Health” Knowledge
Authors: Littoz-Monnet Annabelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal mental health expertise favors biomedical explanations of mental disorders that conceive such disorders as stable entities, which can be diagnosed according to universal categories. Following this logic, universal and standardized solutions can also be applied throughout the world, regardless of context. Despite its assumptions and data being contested within the field of psychiatry itself, global mental health expertise has been highly stable. How is such expertise produced? Through what mechanisms are its products, such as reports, studies, or numbers, made and replicated? The article proposes a model of expertise production in global governance that discloses specific mechanisms of circularity and exclusivity in knowledge-making processes, which result in the circular and exclusive character of expertise itself. These include the circulation of profesionals and data across spheres and organizations, as well as the role played by several sites such as boundary expert groups, influential research clusters, and “policy-scientific” journals, which operate as powerful centers of knowledge production at the intersection of the policy, scientific or private spheres. Such sites not only act as loci where people's circulation operates at its best but also as autonomous mechanisms that produce, cement, and perpetuate the circularity and exclusivity of expertise beyond the role of specific individuals.
Electroactive biofilms: how microbial electron transfer enables bioelectrochemical applications
Authors: Conners Eric M , Rengasamy Karthikeyan , Bose Arpita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microbial biofilms are ubiquitous. In marine and freshwater ecosystems, microbe–mineral interactions sustain biogeochemical cycles, while biofilms found on plants and animals can range from pathogens to commensals. Moreover, biofouling and biocorrosion represent significant challenges to industry. Bioprocessing is an opportunity to take advantage of biofilms and harness their utility as a chassis for biocommodity production. Electrochemical bioreactors have numerous potential applications, including wastewater treatment and commodity production. The literature examining these applications has demonstrated that the cell–surface interface is vital to facilitating these processes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the state of knowledge regarding biofilms’ role in bioprocessing. This mini-review discusses bacterial biofilm formation, cell–surface redox interactions, and the role of microbial electron transfer in bioprocesses. It also highlights some current goals and challenges with respect to microbe-mediated bioprocessing and future perspectives.
XTRA study protocol: eXploring medical sTudents’ caReer reAdiness—a cross-sectional study in the UK
Authors: Godoi Amanda , McDade-Kumar Mia , Virk Farazi , Casteleyn Charlotte , Marei Omar , Yang Ting , Moussa Ahmed , Aman Kashif , Byrne Matthew H V , Baptiste Patrice , Babu Priya Rose , Trikha Sanya , Bamdad Kiana , Tombs Michal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and objectives
Professional and career enhancing opportunities are essential for developing skills required for a successful career in medicine. Research to date has mainly focused on the extent to which medical schools prepare students for clinical work as junior doctors. However, there remains a need to ascertain how students prepare for their career and what facilitates or hinders learning regarding careers in medicine. The purpose of the XTRA study is to examine career readiness of medical students at UK universities and the support they receive during their studies regarding career planning.

Methods
The eXploring medical sTudents’ caReer reAdiness (XTRA) study is a national cross-sectional study of all medical students enrolled at a UK medical school. Data collection will occur via a secure online survey designed as a training need analysis based on the principles of Super’s theory (Super, 1953) of career development. A snowball sampling strategy will be used to recruit participants via social media and networks. Results will be analysed using quantitative analysis and thematic analysis to identify themes in qualitative responses. The primary outcome is to understand the perspective of current medical students on how well prepared they are about entering their careers in healthcare.

Conclusions
We anticipate that findings from this study will help identify career readiness of medical students to facilitate the development of career development programmes and resources to ensure medical students are well equipped for their future careers.