bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for identification and measurement of spillover effects in policy implementation: intended non-intended targeted non-targeted spillovers (INTENTS)
Authors: Francetic Igor , Meacock Rachel , Elliott Jack , Kristensen Søren R. , Britteon Phillip , Lugo-Palacios David G. , Wilson Paul , Sutton Matt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing awareness among researchers and policymakers of the potential for healthcare interventions to have consequences beyond those initially intended. These unintended consequences or “spillover effects” result from the complex features of healthcare organisation and delivery and can either increase or decrease overall effectiveness. Their potential influence has important consequences for the design and evaluation of implementation strategies and for decision-making. However, consideration of spillovers remains partial and unsystematic. We develop a comprehensive framework for the identification and measurement of spillover effects resulting from changes to the way in which healthcare services are organised and delivered.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to map the existing literature on spillover effects in health and healthcare interventions and used the findings of this review to develop a comprehensive framework to identify and measure spillover effects.ResultsThe scoping review identified a wide range of different spillover effects, either experienced by agents not intentionally targeted by an intervention or representing unintended effects for targeted agents. Our scoping review revealed that spillover effects tend to be discussed in papers only when they are found to be statistically significant or might account for unexpected findings, rather than as a pre-specified feature of evaluation studies. This hinders the ability to assess all potential implications of a given policy or intervention. We propose a taxonomy of spillover effects, classified based on the outcome and the unit experiencing the effect: within-unit, between-unit, and diagonal spillover effects. We then present the INTENTS framework: Intended Non-intended TargEted Non-Targeted Spillovers. The INTENTS framework considers the units and outcomes which may be affected by an intervention and the mechanisms by which spillover effects are generated.ConclusionsThe INTENTS framework provides a structured guide for researchers and policymakers when considering the potential effects that implementation strategies may generate, and the steps to take when designing and evaluating such interventions. Application of the INTENTS framework will enable spillover effects to be addressed appropriately in future evaluations and decision-making, ensuring that the full range of costs and benefits of interventions are correctly identified.
Form-based code as a tool for organising the 6th of October City’s townscape
Authors: Khalil A. B. , Ouf A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract This research uses a form-based code (FBC) to affect the townscape through its procedures and components. Impacts of the FBC’s features on the townscape are classified into three categories the effect on urban spaces, buildings, and landscape architecture. This research explores the components of the categories and makes reference to those components within the 6th of October City, Egypt, from 2020 to 2021. Urban spaces are included, regulating plan, and public realm standards were investigated in the central axis and the inner streets. Buildings were also explored; block and lot and building type standards have been inspected at Al-Hossary Square and the 7th District, while survey field observations investigated the frontage type and architectural standards. In addition, landscape architecture components of the FBC were explored through fieldwork observed throughout the city. This research employs an inductive approach of the literature base, a comparative analytical approach to compare the unified building law (UBL) with the FBC components, and a documentary survey method for fieldwork. The results extracted a proposed townscape code and some modifications of the building law (modifying some existing articles and adding new ones) to make FBC applicable in the surveyed city.
Parametric study on dynamic responses of stiffened sandwich composite bridge deck panel
Authors: Sahu Aloka Ranjan , Behera Suryamani , Mukharjee Bibhuti Bhusan , Mondal Subhajit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, the use of sandwich composites in different fields of engineering such as aerospace, marine, automobile, pipelines, bridge structure, industrial work, has attracted significant attention. Sensitivity analysis of structures made of sandwich composites is necessary to design them properly and maintain their longevity. The present study analyzes stiffened sandwich composite bridge deck panels and focuses on its sensitivity analysis. The lack of control in the manufacturing of the sandwich composites may lead to non-uniform material properties, and thus variation in its behavior. The variation in the dynamic responses obtained through the free vibration analysis of the bridge deck panel models of stiffened composites due to is studied. The free vibration analysis is implemented using a finite element method. The analysis is carried out with the stiffeners located in different positions and alignments. The glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and polyvinyl semi-rigid foam are considered in the face and core layer for modeling the deck panels, respectively. The sensitivity of the bridge deck panels is also observed with the presence of holes of different diameters in the core layer of the sandwich composite plate without stiffeners and with a transverse stiffener. It has been noticed that dynamic response, i.e. the eigenvalue, is sensitive concerning the in-plane parameters of the face layers compared to other parameters. Moreover, an increase in the size of the hole in the core layer results in a decrease in the dynamic response of the stiffened sandwich composite bridge deck panel. The knowledge of the sensitivity of the sandwich composites will be helpful to update the model and also to design the bridge deck for better performance and improved longevity.
The lived experiences of resilience among Syrian refugees in the UK: interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Alachkar Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Aims and methodRefugees’ mental health has attracted great interest from researchers recently, in view of increasing numbers of refugees settling in Europe. A deficit model, focusing on mental disorder, has often dominated the discourse on the subject, but a strength-based model is becoming more recognised and adopted. Through semi-structured interviews, and using interpretative phenomenological analysis as a data analysis tool, the current study sought to explore the lived experiences of Syrian refugees in the UK in relation to resilience factors.ResultsThree main themes were identified reflecting interpersonal and family factors, factors related to religion, faith and belief systems, and personal qualities.Clinical implicationsThe study calls for perceiving refugees as resilient individuals with strengths and adaptive qualities. It also demonstrates that refugees’ resilience is essentially an interpersonal process, advocating therefore for engagement and therapeutic approaches that are systemic, relational, and culturally and spiritually competent.
Clipping Could Be the Best Treatment Modality for Recurring Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Treated Endovascularly
Authors: Sweid Ahmad , El Naamani Kareem , Abbas Rawad , Starke Robert M. , Badih Khodr , El Hajjar Rayan , Saad Hassan , Hammoud Bassel , Andrews Carrie , Rahm Sage P. , Atallah Elias , Ramesh Sunidhi , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch M. Reid , Herial Nabeel , Hasan David , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:The anterior communicating artery (AcoA) is the most common location for intracranial aneurysms.OBJECTIVE:To present occlusion outcomes, complication rate, recurrence rate, and predictors of recurrence in a large cohort with AcoA aneurysms treated primarily with endosaccular embolization. We also attempt to present data on the most effective treatment modality for recurrent AcoA aneurysms.METHODS:This is a retrospective, single-center study, reviewing the outcomes of 463 AcoA aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2003 and 2018.RESULTS:The study cohort consisted of 463 patients. Adequate immediate occlusion was achieved in 418 (90.3%). Independent functional status at discharge was observed in 269 patients (58.0%), and the mortality rate was 6.8% (31). At 6 months, adequate occlusion was achieved in 418 (90.4%). Of all the patients, recurrence was observed in 101 cases (21.8%), and of those, 98 (22.4%) underwent retreatment. The combined frequency of retreatment for the coiling group was 42.4%, which was significantly higher than the 0 incident of retreatment in the clipping group (P< .0001). Among the retreatment cohort, there was a significantly higher subsequent retreatment rate in the endovascular group (0% in the clipping group vs 42.4% in the endovascular group,P< .0001).CONCLUSION:Coiling with and without stent/balloon assistance is a relatively safe and effective modality for the treatment of AcoA aneurysms; however, in the setting of recurrence, microsurgical reconstruction leads to improved outcomes regarding durable occlusion, thus avoiding the potential for multiple interventions in the future.
UHRF2 regulates cell cycle, epigenetics and gene expression to control the timing of retinal progenitor and ganglion cell differentiation
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Sarver Aaron L. , Han Qiyuan , Seiler Christopher L. , Xie Chencheng , Lu Huarui , Forster Colleen L. , Tretyakova Natalia Y. , Hallstrom Timothy C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 2 (UHRF2) regulates cell cycle and binds 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) to promote completion of DNA demethylation. Uhrf2−/− mice are without gross phenotypic defects; however, the cell cycle and epigenetic regulatory functions of Uhrf2 during retinal tissue development are unclear. Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) produce all retinal neurons and Müller glia in a predictable sequence controlled by the complex interplay between extrinsic signaling, cell cycle, epigenetic changes and cell-specific transcription factor activation. In this study, we find that UHRF2 accumulates in RPCs, and its conditional deletion from mouse RPCs reduced 5hmC, altered gene expressions and disrupted retinal cell proliferation and differentiation. Retinal ganglion cells were overproduced in Uhrf2-deficient retinae at the expense of VSX2+ RPCs. Most other cell types were transiently delayed in differentiation. Expression of each member of the Tet3/Uhrf2/Tdg active demethylation pathway was reduced in Uhrf2-deficient retinae, consistent with locally reduced 5hmC in their gene bodies. This study highlights a novel role of UHRF2 in controlling the transition from RPCs to differentiated cell by regulating cell cycle, epigenetic and gene expression decisions.
Auriculocondylar syndrome 2 results from the dominant-negative action of PLCB4 variants
Authors: Kanai Stanley M. , Heffner Caleb , Cox Timothy C. , Cunningham Michael L. , Perez Francisco A. , Bauer Aaron M. , Reigan Philip , Carter Cristan , Murray Stephen A. , Clouthier David E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Auriculocondylar syndrome 2 (ARCND2) is a rare autosomal dominant craniofacial malformation syndrome linked to multiple genetic variants in the coding sequence of phospholipase C β4 (PLCB4). PLCB4 is a direct signaling effector of the endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA)-Gq/11 pathway, which establishes the identity of neural crest cells (NCCs) that form lower jaw and middle ear structures. However, the functional consequences of PLCB4 variants on EDNRA signaling is not known. Here, we show, using multiple signaling reporter assays, that known PLCB4 variants resulting from missense mutations exert a dominant-negative interference over EDNRA signaling. In addition, using CRISPR/Cas9, we find that F0 mouse embryos modeling one PLCB4 variant have facial defects recapitulating those observed in hypomorphic Ednra mouse models, including a bone that we identify as an atavistic change in the posterior palate/oral cavity. Remarkably, we have identified a similar osseous phenotype in a child with ARCND2. Our results identify the disease mechanism of ARCND2, demonstrate that the PLCB4 variants cause craniofacial differences and illustrate how minor changes in signaling within NCCs may have driven evolutionary changes in jaw structure and function.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Terrestrial force production by the limbs of a semi-aquatic salamander provides insight into the evolution of terrestrial locomotor mechanics
Authors: Kawano Sandy M. , Blob Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Amphibious fishes and salamanders are valuable functional analogs for vertebrates that spanned the water–land transition. However, investigations of walking mechanics have focused on terrestrial salamanders and, thus, may better reflect the capabilities of stem tetrapods that were already terrestrial. The earliest tetrapods were likely aquatic, so salamanders that are not primarily terrestrial may yield more appropriate data for modeling the incipient stages of terrestrial locomotion. In the present study, locomotor biomechanics were quantified from semi-aquatic Pleurodeles waltl, a salamander that spends most of its adult life in water, and then compared with those of a primarily terrestrial salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) and a semi-aquatic fish (Periophthalmus barbarus) to evaluate whether terrestrial locomotion was more comparable between species with ecological versus phylogenetic similarities. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) from individual limbs or fins indicated that the pectoral appendages of each taxon had distinct patterns of force production, but GRFs from the hindlimbs were comparable between the salamander species. The rate at which force is produced can affect musculoskeletal function, so we also calculated ‘yank’ (first time derivative of force) to quantify the dynamics of GRF production. Yank was sometimes slower in P. waltl but there were some similarities between the three species. Finally, the semi-aquatic taxa (P. waltl and P. barbarus) had a more medial inclination of the GRF compared to terrestrial salamanders, potentially elevating bone stresses among more aquatic taxa and limiting their excursions onto land.
Artificial intelligence applied to fetal MRI: A scoping review of current research
Authors: Meshaka Riwa , Gaunt Trevor , Shelmerdine Susan C 
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. A subset of AI, known as machine learning (ML), takes this further by drawing inferences from patterns in data to ‘learn’ and ‘adapt’ without explicit instructions meaning that computer systems can ‘evolve’ and hopefully improve without necessarily requiring external human influences. The potential for this novel technology has resulted in great interest from the medical community regarding how it can be applied in healthcare. Within radiology, the focus has mostly been for applications in oncological imaging, although new roles in other subspecialty fields are slowly emerging. In this scoping review, we performed a literature search of the current state-of-the-art and emerging trends for the use of artificial intelligence as applied to fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our search yielded several publications covering AI tools for anatomical organ segmentation, improved imaging sequences and aiding in diagnostic applications such as automated biometric fetal measurements and the detection of congenital and acquired abnormalities. We highlight our own perceived gaps in this literature and suggest future avenues for further research. It is our hope that the information presented highlights the varied ways and potential that novel digital technology could make an impact to future clinical practice with regards to fetal MRI.
Factors affecting elective cesarean section in women with multiple pregnancy in Caruban, Indonesia
Authors: Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Putri Apriska Mega Sutowo , Krisbiyantoro Aries , Aryananda Rozi Aditya 
Published: March 2022

Background: Caesarean sections have become the most popular method for delivering twin babies because of the safety concerns associated with a natural birth. This study aims to identify the maternal characteristics and obstetric parameters that serve as risk factors influencing caesarean delivery in twin pregnancies by comparing women delivering via caesarean section and vaginal birth. Methods: A retrospective chart review design was used to analyse 47 women with multiple pregnancies from the medical records at a primary referral hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Women delivering vaginally were then compared with women who underwent a caesarean section to identify any differences between the groups. Results: In our study, more women delivered by caesarean section than by vaginal birth. Women were more likely to undergo a caesarean section if they had a previous history of undergoing a caesarean section. Similar to previous studies, we found that foetal malpresentation significantly increase the risk of caesarean delivery, while labour augmentation decrease the likelihood of caesarean section. There was also a significant difference in maternal age between groups. Conclusions: The percentage of multiple pregnancies delivered via caesarean section is quite high. Other larger cohort study are warranted, since many factors were involved in the decision of caesarean section.
Novel Pooling Strategies for Genetic Testing, with Application to Newborn Screening
Authors: El Hajj Hussein , Bish Douglas R. , Bish Ebru K. , Kay Denise M. 
Published: March 2022

Newborn screening (NBS) is a state-level initiative that detects life-threatening genetic disorders for which early treatment can substantially improve health outcomes. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is among the most prevalent disorders in NBS. CF can be caused by a large number of mutation variants to the CFTR gene. Most states use a multitest CF screening process that includes a genetic test (DNA). However, due to cost concerns, DNA is used only on a small subset of newborns (based on a low-cost biomarker test with low classification accuracy), and only for a small subset of CF-causing variants. To overcome the cost barriers of expanded genetic testing, we explore a novel approach, of multipanel pooled DNA testing. This approach leads not only to a novel optimization problem (variant selection for screening, variant partition into multipanels, and pool size determination for each panel), but also to novel CF NBS processes. We establish key structural properties of optimal multipanel pooled DNA designs; develop a methodology that generates a family of optimal designs at different costs; and characterize the conditions under which a 1-panel versus a multipanel design is optimal. This methodology can assist decision-makers to design a screening process, considering the cost versus accuracy trade-off. Our case study, based on published CF NBS data from the state of New York, indicates that the multipanel and pooling aspects of genetic testing work synergistically, and the proposed NBS processes have the potential to substantially improve both the efficiency and accuracy of current practices. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management. Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation [Grant 1761842]. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4289 .
Demand Learning and Pricing for Varying Assortments
Authors: Ferreira Kris Johnson , Mower Emily 
Published: March 2022

Problem definition: We consider the problem of demand learning and pricing for retailers who offer assortments of substitutable products that change frequently, for example, due to limited inventory, perishable or time-sensitive products, or the retailer’s desire to frequently offer new styles. Academic/practical relevance: We are one of the first to consider the demand learning and pricing problem for retailers who offer product assortments that change frequently, and we propose and implement a learn-then-earn algorithm for use in this setting. Our algorithm prioritizes a short learning phase, an important practical characteristic that is only considered by few other algorithms. Methodology: We develop a novel demand learning and pricing algorithm that learns quickly in an environment with varying assortments and limited price changes by adapting the commonly used marketing technique of conjoint analysis to our setting. We partner with Zenrez, an e-commerce company that partners with fitness studios to sell excess capacity of fitness classes, to implement our algorithm in a controlled field experiment to evaluate its effectiveness in practice using the synthetic control method. Results: Relative to a control group, our algorithm led to an expected initial dip in revenue during the learning phase, followed by a sustained and significant increase in average daily revenue of 14%–18% throughout the earning phase, illustrating that our algorithmic contributions can make a significant impact in practice. Managerial implications: The theoretical benefit of demand learning and pricing algorithms is well understood—they allow retailers to optimally match supply and demand in the face of uncertain preseason demand. However, most existing demand learning and pricing algorithms require substantial sales volume and the ability to change prices frequently for each product. Our work provides retailers who do not have this luxury a powerful demand learning and pricing algorithm that has been proven in practice. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2021 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1080 .
Z-frenuloplasty: A Versatile and Effective Technique
Authors: Menhadji Payvand , Raindi Devan S , Malhi Meenakshi , Boodhooa Angela 
Published: March 2022

There are various cases where Z-frenuloplasty, a specific Z-plasty technique, can be used, including prior to mucogingival surgery, to manage localized recession defects, pre-prosthetic surgery, post-orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene and ankyloglossia, to name a few. This case series demonstrates the versatility of the Z-plasty technique in oral surgery/periodontal procedures for a variety of indications, as well as describing the technique in detail. The frenectomy technique using Z-plasty for the removal of the abnormal labial frenum attachment is reliable, easy to perform, and provides excellent aesthetic results for a range of indications.CPD/Clinical Relevance: An appreciation of the Z-plasty technique will allow for tissue healing by primary intention, reduces risk of tissue contractures, improves recovery time, and improves aesthetic results.