bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Tobacco Users Attending a Tobacco Cessation Centre at Puducherry, India
Authors: Saravanan S. , Lenin Kuppusamy Rajagopal 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Tobacco is a major health burden and an effort has been made to help users to quit tobacco by establishing a tobacco cessation centre in our Institution. A knowledge on the extent of distribution of tobacco use across the various sub-groups of the users would provide clues to behavioural patterns.

Objective:
To describe the epidemiological profile of tobacco users and to provide a baseline data about the attendees of the cessation centre.

Materials and Methods:
The data for the present descriptive evaluation were collected by reviewing of case records of participants enrolled from April 2014 to March 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, tobacco use details, substance use details and geographic profile were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data using number and percentage.

Results:
Of the 621 current tobacco users, 95.5% were of male gender. Most participants were married (79.4%), literates (84.9%) and were in the fourth decade of life. 78.1% were exclusive Smokers, 18.2% were exclusive Smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and 3.7% were dual form users. “Peer pressure” was the major reason for initiation of the habit. “Cigarette” was used by 65% of the Smokers and “Betel quid with tobacco” was used by 36.6% of the SLT users. 86.1 and 13.9% of the Puducherry residents were smokers and SLT users respectively. “Oral potentially malignant disorders” were noted in 8% of the users.

Conclusion:
The observations of the present evaluation provide a baseline data which may serve as a starting point for future epidemiological enquiry.
Antiplaque Efficacy of Toothpaste – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Nachu Sneha , Ravoori Srinivas , Pachava Srinivas 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Different toothpastes of the corresponding active ingredients could have variable extent of effectiveness; this raises the amount of choices with the marketplace for toothpaste containing these agents and makes it more difficult to gauge their effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to gauge the antiplaque efficacy of different toothpaste agents in studies involving randomized clinical trials published over a span of January 2015-May 2020.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive and systematic electronic search via PubMed, TRIP, Cochrane, and Google scholar prompted in 593 articles. Subsequently screening titles and abstracts for applicability, 31 Randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles were enclosed in the review. With the aid of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, the risk of bias of each study was assessed.

Results:
A total of 2467 individuals partake in 31 RCT studies. Triclosan toothpaste was superior over sodium fluoride/monofluorophosphate toothpaste (standard mean difference, SMD − 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] (2.81–0.10),P= 0.007) in plaque reduction. Long-term utilization of stannous fluoride toothpastes reduced dental plaque superior than monofluorophosphate toothpaste (SMD − 0.61, 95% (CI 1.04–0.18),P= 0.005). There was no discernible difference in plaque reduction.

Conclusion:
Within the confines of the current study's limitations (which embody the severe imbalance within the quantity of evidence), once scrutiny among products, triclosan and stannous fluoride in dentifrices seem to be the foremost efficacious plaque controlling active agents.
Perceptions of Health-Care Workers to Educate Community About Oral Cancer and its Risk Factors in Chikkaballapur District
Authors: Shwetha K. M. , Ranganath K. , Krishnappa Pushpanjali 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Health-care workers form the strong linkage between the health-care system and the community they belong. The glaring maldistribution of dental workforce in rural areas with higher prevalence of oral cancer warrants the need for involving health-care workers for playing an active role in the prevention of oral cancer.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to study the perceptions and attitude of the health-care workers in creating the awareness on oral cancer and its associated risk factors to the community they serve.

Settings and Design:
Chikkaballapur District and Qualitative research.

Subjects and Methods:
Since the aim was to assess the perceptions and attitude, qualitative research method adopting ethnography strategy was conducted. The data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs). The FGDs were carried out on the informed schedules with health workers to know their perceptions and attitude. The tools used were semistructured interview/discussion guides.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The codes were extracted by the deductive approach, and data analysis was done using the Spradley's method (1979) for Ethnography. This includes domain analysis, componential analysis, and identifying themes.

Results:
A total of 44 key informants and health workers were involved and more than 250 codes emerged after inductive coding. Eleven domains and three themes were identified reflecting the participants' compassion to serve people. Three themes emerged from the FGDs are: (i) Perception that oral cancer can be prevented, (ii) Recognition of the myths and practices associated with the disease and its treatment, and (iii) Motivation to educate people in their villages.

Conclusions:
Health workers perceived oral cancer was preventable and showed positive attitude to help their rural community by educating about OC and its risk factors.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Online Teaching Among Dental Students During COVID-19 Crisis in India
Authors: Atri Mansi , Oberoi Sukhvinder Singh , Sharma Nilima 
Published: February 2022

Aim and Objectives:
The present study assessed the perceived barriers as well as the preferences of the students toward the mode of education in the current scenario.

Material and Methods:
The study investigators developed a self-administered questionnaire using Google Forms® (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA) and were E-mailed to their respective E-mail ids and were informed telephonically about the survey. This survey was done among the BDS students of public health-care sector dental colleges in Delhi and the final data included 440 BDS dental students. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of the various factors among BDS students.

Results:
Higher response was obtained for Classroom Teaching for the 1st year students (65.6%) and Online Teaching for final year students (37.3%). The preference for online teaching over classroom teaching and understanding for the subject with your online classes was significantly better among final-year students (61.3%). The most common barrier experienced by the students was Network issue/poor range (52.5%) followed by understanding (17.0%) and excessive number of classes/Too long classes (10.2%).

Conclusion:
The present study showed that the 1st year dental students who just passed from the school had difficulty adapting to the Education via communication media. While the final year students were in a better position for adapting to the new system of learning.
Effectiveness of Game-Based Oral Health Education Method on Oral Hygiene Performance of 12-Year-Old Private School Children in Lucknow City
Authors: Kashyap Panchali , Reddy L. Vamsi Krishna , Sinha Pooja , Verma Ila , Adwani Jyoti 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Health education is a part of health promotion and disease prevention measures to improve the oral health and well-being of all children. When education and entertainment are combined to make the process of learning a joyful one, it facilitates and reinforces child's learning in a thought-provoking and self-motivating format.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and game-based oral health education on oral hygiene performance of 12-year-old private school children of Lucknow city.

Materials and Methods:
The study population aged 12 years comprised 160 participants. This was followed by a school survey in which the 12-year-old school children were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A and Group B after the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pretest evaluation of their knowledge regarding oral health and the estimation of debris index simplified and plaque index was carried out. Children in Group A were given oral health education through PowerPoint presentation once daily for 7 days. Children in Group B were educated through the play method (i.e., crosswords and quiz with PowerPoint presentation). The evaluations regarding oral health-related knowledge were done using pretested, predetermined questionnaire, and debris scores, and plaque scores were recorded using debris index simplified component of OHI-S by (J. C Green and Jack R Vermillion 1964) and Plaque Index by Loe H (1967), respectively, on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was done using the t-test and ANOVA test which was carried out using the SPSS software version 21.0 for Windows, and the value ofP< 0.001 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
In Group B, high knowledge scores of 4.05, 4.73, and 6.02 were obtained on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. In both the groups, there was a significant increase in good oral hygiene scores and a significant decrease in debris scores and plaque scores on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months' follow-up, but much better scores were seen in group B compared to Group A at both the follow-ups.

Conclusion:
As the knowledge scores of children increased and debris score and plaque score decreased considerably, thereby the implementation of game-based oral health education program is an easy and effective method in improving the oral health and preventing oral diseases.
Addiction and Usage of Social Media Among Dental Students Studying in Dental Institute of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Varshney Shivangi , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Sharma Anubhav , Arora Vikram , Bashir Sana 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Social media is frolicking as an utmost priority in today's livelihood, and it is such a milieu today to see people browsing and surfing social networking sites, reading blogs, or chatting by using laptops, mobile phones, or other sophisticated devices anywhere and at any time and enjoying with their favorite social apps – Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, etc.,

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of social media usage and addiction among dental students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done among 360 students of a dental teaching institute in Uttar Pradesh, India. A questionnaire was prepared which had three sections - related to demographic details and usage and frequency of social media apps based on “Social Media Addiction Scale,” developed by Arslan A and Kırık. These were used as the data collection tool to measure social media addiction among dental students. Responses were recorded in 5-point Likert scale – strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.

Results:
Out of total 360 participants, 276 (76.70%) were female while 84 (23.30%) were male. 238 (66.11%) were undergraduates (UGs) followed by 122 (33.89%) postgraduates (PGs). A significantly higher number of UGs were engaged with their patients in personal conversation on social media platform, while a significantly higher number of PGs believed that social media had a positive effect on dentistry. Questions on social media addiction scale by Arslan A and Kırık revealed that out of total study participants, 48.7% of UGs agree on the belief that new media technologies change human life, whereas 39.4% of PGs agree on the same and the result was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
Social media networking sites and apps have attracted students in its digital web and hold strong position with new horizons whether in comprehensive or educational, interacting, entertainment, or spending leisure time.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Safety Laboratory Measures During COVID-19 Pandemic – A Cross-Sectional Study Among Oral Pathologists in Kerala
Authors: Deepthi Plakkil Viswanathan , Shameena P. M. , Varma Sujatha , Navajeevraj M. N. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 has high affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the oral mucosa. Oral pathologists are at the risk of laboratory.acquired infections as they deal with these oral biopsy specimens.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of safe laboratory measures by oral pathologists working in histopathologic laboratories in different regions of Kerala.

Settings and Design:
The study was cross-sectonal online questionnaire based.

Materials and Methods:
The study was cross-sectional online questionnaire based. The study group consisted of practicing oral pathologists and those who are pursuing postgraduation in oral pathology. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions to analyze the KAP related to the basic information about the disease and the laboratory precautions to be taken during the pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 25. Chi-squared test and independent sample t.test were applied to compare the differences in KAP by demographic characteristics. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Pearson's rank correlation test was used to assess the correlation between KAP (P < 0.05).

Results:
The survey revealed that 95% of the participants had sufficient knowledge (7.259 ± 1.282), and all the participants had positive attitude regarding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. 70.5% of the participants followed good practice (7.914 ± 2.330) of safety laboratory measures.

Conclusions:
Our survey has found gaps in some aspects of knowledge and practice that should be emphasized in future training programs.
Care Sought and Normative Need Assessment for Dental Caries Among Rural Adults in Jeelugumelli Mandal, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Palli Chinna Babu , Pachava Srinivas , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Ravoori Srinivas , Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Lodagala Asha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Different rates of dental caries prevalence are experienced among different populations due to the influence of various demographic, political, and socioeconomic factors.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence of dental caries, the type of self-care remedies utilized, and normative needs assessment among rural adults residing in Jeelugumelli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 800 adults by using a multi-stage random sampling technique in Jeelugumelli Mandal, West Godavari District, India. Data were collected using a pretested pro forma consisting of questionnaire-related demographics, traditional care, and clinical examination which was investigated by a single examiner to record caries experience (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth [DMFT]) using WHO 1997 criteria. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 20.0. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Multivariate Linear Regression analysis tests were used and the level of significance was set atP≤ 0.05.

Results:
Mean DMFT value of the study population was 10.29 ± 4.806 and 33.4% of the subjects had used home remedies related to plant origin. The majority of the study population required surgical need (Extractions) with a mean value of 4.23 ± 5.553 and compared with unskilled workers, unemployed workers had 2.8 units higher chances of having caries (R = 2.810 confidence interval [CI] 1.876–3.744) while it was 5.031 units lesser for professionals in having caries (R = −5.031 CI [−4.16] – [−5.901]).

Conclusion:
Dental caries prevalence and normative needs for dental caries were high in the adult population residing in Jeelugumelli Mandal and most of the individuals are depending on self-care procedures to relieve pain.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Lasers Among Dental Professionals of Central India – An Online Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Gupta Vineeta , Mishra Supriya , Sangha Kuldip Singh , Rahman Waheda , Goswami Varsha , Thakkar Vallabh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The invention of the laser has sparked the interest of many people throughout history. It is critical to have a thorough understanding of laser use, different types of lasers, and which type of laser is suitable for each case to use laser safely and effectively in various dental fields.

Aim:
The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and understanding of the application of lasers and their preferred choices among different procedures in dentistry among dental professionals of Central India.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out among dental professionals of Central India. A questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and shared with respondents via WhatsApp and mail. Collected data were analyzed using Stata Version 16 software. The relevance of study parameters on a categorical scale was determined using Chi-square analysis.Pvalue was set at 0.05 as the level of significance.

Results:
Out of 350 respondents, about 15.4% of dental surgeons were currently using lasers and 75.7% of participants were interested in using lasers. Potential barriers reported were: High cost, procedure sensitivity, and health risks.

Conclusion:
Lasers need comprehensive training in both theoretical and applied. Incorporating laser education into undergraduate courses may provide students with an early opportunity to learn about and practising with lasers.
Discernment in Practicing Nonpharmacological Modes of Intervention in Combating SARS COVID-19
Authors: Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Pachava Srinivas , Ravoori Srinivas , Potluri Raja Sekhar 
Published: February 2022

Background:
As a massively polarizing practice, concealing or face covering has emerged in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the increasing speculation regarding therapeutic control measures, nonpharmacological approaches offer promising successful mitigation in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) COVID-19. The evaluation of public capacity, prospects, and actions offers recommendations for public oversight of the implementation of prevention activities. Hence, this investigation was aimed to explore the discernment in practicing nonpharmacological modes of intervention in combating SARS COVID-19 among a group of people, dental patients.

Materials and Methods:
A pictorial questionnaire survey was done using convenience sampling, aimed at participants visiting the triage facility of the institution to capture their discernment in practicing nonpharmacological modes of intervention for 3 months.

Results:
A total of 6015 individuals with a mean age of 35.44 ± 14.20 years participated in the study. The majority of the participants were in the age group of 18–30 years (n = 2340, 38.9%) with female (n = 3105, 51.6%) and urban (n = 3745, 62.3%) predominance. Most of the study participants had purchased cloth masks (n = 2980, 49.5%) and had spent about 10–50 INR per mask (n = 4050, 80.6%). Patients have reported that the usage of a mask (n = 1330, 22.1%) was the most difficult measure to follow and also stated that sanitizing hands (n = 2505, 41.6%) was the easiest measure to follow during this pandemic. Crowding in the market (n = 2255, 37.5%) and placing masks around the neck (n = 735, 12.2%) were infringements served in their surroundings. Irrespective of educational qualification touching the outer area of the mask was the most common noncompliance reported by the participants which were statistically significant (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study participants have divulged that usage of masks and following social distance in public transport were the most difficult preventive measures of SARS COVID-19 to follow. Evaluating the attitudes of public in preventive procedures for COVID-19 can pave the way to make comprehensive guidelines.
Retrospective study to know the outcome of radial head replacement in acute fracture of radial head
Authors: Shankar Anand , Kumar Rishabh , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Santosh 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Radial head arthroplasty is commonly used to treat acute unreconstructible radial head fractures. The purpose of this study was to report on the clinical and radiographic outcomes after radial head arthroplasty with a metallic implant for the treatment of acute radial head fractures.

Materials and Methods:
Seven patients with unconstructable communited acute radial head fractures were treated with radial head replacement. Patients were selected according to the indication and rejected or delayed according to contraindication. Necessary written informed consent was taken.

Observation and Results:
All patients had good alignment and the full range of the function of the elbow without any major complications. Radiological alignment was also comparable with the other side. Follow-up noted up to 6 months only.

Conclusions:
Radial head replacement can be a good alternative for the treatment of communited radial head fractures which cannot be fixed. Although longer follow-up is needed.
The Type of Anesthesia and Outcome in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: An Observational Study
Authors: Rupwate Kanchan , Patil Shruti Shrikant , Kesh Reeti Rani 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
To study the effect of the type of anesthesia (general anesthesia [GA] or spinal anesthesia [SA]) on maternal hemodynamics and maternal and fetal outcomes in preeclamptic female patients posted for cesarean section delivery, as well as to note down the complications.

Materials and Methods:
After institutional review board and ethics committee approval, 80 consenting preeclamptic female patients who underwent lower segment cesarean section in our tertiary care center from February 2014 to September 2015 were included in this prospective, observational clinical study. Those with antepartum hemorrhage such as placenta previa, abruptio placenta, cardiac disease, and chronic renal disease were excluded. Those included were divided into two groups, those receiving GA or SA. Baseline and intraoperative heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded along with demographic data. Use of colloids, blood and blood products, and details of vasopressor drugs administered were noted. Birth weight of the baby and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min were also noted.

Results:
Baseline SBP was comparable in the two groups, but baseline DBP was significantly more in the GA group. The intraoperative rise in SBP and DBP was significantly more in the GA than in the SA group. The vasopressor requirement was statistically more in the SA group. The maternal outcome, neonatal outcome, and Apgar score were significantly better in the SA group.

Conclusion:
In our study, hypotension that occurred during SA could be successfully managed with titrated doses of intravenous vasopressor drugs such as ephedrine or phenylephrine. The neonatal outcome and Apgar score were poorer in the GA group.