bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemakaian Toculizumab Anti IL-6 pada Tatalaksana COVID-19: Sebuah Serial Kasus
Authors: Hutagalung Albert Frido , Debora Fania 
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: Angka kematian pada pasien Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) masih tinggi di Indonesia, tetapi belum ada terapi baku emas yang bisa digunakan untuk mengobati pasien COVID-19. Salah satu pilihan terapi yang dapat digunakan adalah Anti IL-6 Tocilizumab (TCZ).
Ilustrasi Kasus: Pada laporan kasus ini, dilakukan pengamatan sejak Mei hingga Juli 2020 terhadap tujuh pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan onset sakit bervariasi, yang baru dirawat setelah 3-7 hari dari timbulnya gejala. Terapi yang diberikan adalah terapi standar COVID-19 sesuai pedoman gugus tugas COVID-19 ditambah dengan anti-IL-6 Tocilizumab 80 mg intravena, dengan waktu mulai pemberian bervariasi antara hari ke 1-9 hari perawatan di rumah sakit. Fase perjalanan penyakit COVID-19 sebelum diterapi mulai dari fase II sampai fase III, dengan jumlah pasien meninggal 3 orang dan selamat 4 orang.
Simpulan: TCZ memberikan hasil perubahan klinis dan laboratorium penurunan kadar C-Reactive Protein (CRP) pada beberapa pasien tetapi angka luaran untuk selamat masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi dan juga dipengaruhi oleh waktu yang tepat untuk pemberian TCZ, dukungan organ seperti oksigenasi, bantuan ventilator, dan terapi standar COVID-19 lainnya.
Perubahan Posisi dan Tekanan Balon Pipa Endotrakeal
Authors: Cahyadi Arief 
Published: March 2022

Intubasi endotrakeal merupakan prosedur yang dilakukan untuk menjaga jalan nafas dan memberikan ventilasi. Pipa endotrakeal juga berfungsi melindungi paru-paru dan mencegah aspirasi aspirasi cairan lambung dan sekret orofaring agar tidak masuk ke paru-paru. Terdapat sebuah balon pada pipa endotrakeal yang dikembangkan pada bagian distal pipa untuk menutupi permukaan dalam trakea.
Intubasi endotrakeal di samping memiliki manfaat juga memiliki potensi komplikasi. Prosedur pemasangan intubasi dapat menyebabkan trauma pada trakea dan laring, kemudian balon pipa endotrakeal juga dapat menekan dinding trakea, menyebabkan cedera mukosa. Tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal yang direkomendasikan berada pada rentang 20–30 cmH2O. Tekanan udara yang tidak adekuat akan mengakibatkan kebocoran udara saat ventilasi tekanan positif dan memungkinkan mikroaspirasi ke dalam trakea. Sebaliknya, tekanan yang berlebihan pada balon pipa endotrakeal akan menyebabkan penekanan, menurunkan perfusi mukosa trakea serta dapat berlanjut pada kerusakan ireversibel, misalnya ruptur trakea atau nekrosis mukosa trakea.
Tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu volume udara dalam balon, bahan dasar balon pipa endotrakeal, proporsi ukuran balon pipa endotrakeal terhadap diameter trakea, komplians trakea dan bentuk balon pipa endotrakeal serta tekanan intratorakal.
Saat ini belum ada penjelasan ilmiah yang pasti mengenai mekanisme terjadinya peningkatan tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal meskipun beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan pada populasi di luar negeri. Dapat diduga perubahan posisi ini menyebabkan pipa tidak tepat berada di tengah lumen trakea dan sebagian permukaan balon pipa mengalami penekanan. Kemungkinan ini sesuai dengan fakta seringnya terjadi cedera jalan napas pada pasien kritis yang lama terintubasi.
Perubahan posisi kepala dapat berpengaruh selain terhadap tekanan balon juga posisi pipa endotrakeal relatif terhadap karina, dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena dapat memberikan morbiditas terhadap pasien seperti ventilasi satu paru atau keluarnya pipa dari trakea. Pemeriksaan berkala terhadap pipa endotrakeal menjadi suatu hal yang wajib dilakukan dokter anestesi selama pasien masih terintubasi agar dapat menhindarkan pasien dari komplikasi yang tidak diharapkan.
Pulses Farming; An Adaptive Strategy to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of Itigi District in Singida Region, Tanzania
Authors: Jackson Nyaombo Julius 
Published: March 2022

The study assessed pulses farming as an adaptation to climate change in semi-arid areas. FGD, Household Questionnaires, Key Informant Interview and Observation were used to collect primary data from four study villages; Itigi, Ipande, Damweru and Kitopeni. A total of 106 heads of households were involved in the study through questionnaires and quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed statistically and through content analysis technique respectively. Cereals among maize, millet and sorghum have lost their economic significance among farmers while pulses including chickpea, lentils and beans are potentially currently cultivated by more farmers. Climate change effects such as shifting and shortening of rainfall season and increasing drought have contributed to the decline of cereal crop yields. Specifically shifting of rainfall season and drought interaction vitally influence the decline of cereal crop yields, F (1, 99) = 198.770, p = 0.000 and the same causes have led to the adoption of chickpea and lentils farming in the study area as shifting of rainfall season was statically significant to the adoption of pulses farming, X2 = 9.138, df = 2, p = 0.010 and drought was, X2 = 106.000, df = 3, p = 0.000 as the pulses are found adoptive drought condition and shortened rainfall season. This has enhanced food and nutrition assurance to farmers, increased household income and farmers’ livelihood.
Assessment of Landslide Risk in Ethiopia: Distributions, Causes, and Impacts
Authors: Mewa Getnet , Mengistu Filagot 
Published: March 2022

The complex geological and geomorphological settings of Ethiopia, consisted of highland plateaus, escarpments, deeply dissected valleys, and flat lowlands, are results of multiple episodes of orogenesis, peneplanation, crustal up-doming, faulting, and emplacement of huge volumes of lava. The broad elevation contrast raging from about −125 m to 4550 m Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) is an important factor in determining the climate regimes, vegetation types, and even populations’ lifestyles. In Ethiopia landslides, mostly manifested as rockfall, earth slide, debris, and mudflow, are among the major geohazard problems that immensely affects life, infrastructures, and the natural environment. They widely occur in the central, S-SW, and N-NW highland regions. This study discusses the distributions, causes, and impacts of landslides and presents a susceptibility zoning map produced applying the weighted overlay analysis method in the ArcGIS environment. For this purpose, key parameters (lithology, elevation, rainfall, slope angel, land use-land cover, and aspect) were selected and assigned weights by considering their contributions to slope failures. Correlations with inventory data have shown very good matching, where more than 90% of the observed data fall in areas categorized either as moderate, high, or very high susceptible zones, where appropriate risk assessments could be mandatory before approval of major projects.
Novel Dental Implants with Herbal Composites: A Review
Authors: Sridevi Gopathy , Srividya Seshadri 
Published: March 2022

Missing a permanent tooth is a miserable condition faced by a common man. A tooth decay, periodontitis, mechanical trauma, or any systemic complications lead to such a complication. These bone defects when left untreated lead to severe resorption of the alveolar bone. A proper dental filling with an appropriate bone substitute material could prevent such resorption and paves a way for subsequent implant placement. Dental implants are considered as the prime option by dentists to replace a single tooth or prevent bone resorption. A variety of bone substitutes are available differ in origin, consistency, particle size, porosity, and resorption characteristics. Herbal composites in dentistry fabricated using biphospho-calcium phosphate, casein, chitosan, and certain herbal extracts of Cassia occidentalis, Terminalia arjuna bark, Myristica fragans also were reported to possess a higher ossification property, osteogenic property and were able to repair bone defects. C. occidentalis was reported to stimulate mineralization of the bone and osteoblastic differentiation through the activation of the PI3K-Akt/MAPKs pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells of mice. This implant proved better osteoconductivity and bioactivity compared to pure HAP and other BCP ratios. Terminalia Arjuna was also worked in the incorporation in the graft to enhance the osteogenic property of the implant and gave good results. Another implant bone graft was synthesized containing BCP, biocompatible casein, and the extracts of Myristica fragans and subjected to in vitro investigations and the results revealed the deposition of apatite on the graft after immersing in SBF and also the ALP activity was high when treated with MG-63 cells, NIH-3 T3, and Saos 2 cell lines. This study indicates that the inclusion of plant extract enhances the osteogenic property of the graft. Thus, these novel dental implants incorporated with herbal composites evaluated by researchers revealed an enhanced bone healing, accelerates osseointegration, inhibits osteopenia, and inhibits inflammation. This application of herbal composite inclusion in dentistry and its applications has a greater potential to improve the success rate of dental implants and allows the implications of biotechnology in implant dentistry.
Leadership Challenges among Undergraduate Students: Case Study of Dominion University, Ibadan
Authors: Fortune Afatakpa , David Olubunkunmi Okedare 
Published: March 2022

Student leadership is critical too for the smooth running of the University. Unlike other areas of human endeavor, leadership challenges among undergraduate students are a phenomenon. It is against this background; this chapter examined the leadership challenges among students of Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria. It is an empirical study. It is a qualitative study. Data; were gathered through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study also made use of non-participant observation. Data; were gathered from 100 L, 200 L, 300 L students and staff of the University. Data were zanalyzed using content analyzed and using the narrative style. Findings show that Dominion University has the mandate of producing; value-based education. Leadership challenges undergraduate students include lack of support for selected leaders, lack of respect, and the wrong perception. The chapter concludes that with the right kind of training, Dominion University leadership skills acquisition can transform the plethora of challenges facing undergraduate leaders in Dominion University.
Continuity and change: The Danish party system
Authors: Green-Pedersen Christoffer , Kosiara-Pedersen Karina 
Published: March 2022

The landslide election of 1973 could have been the beginning of the end for the Danish party system established with the introduction of parliamentary democracy. “Crisis” was written all over it. However, almost fifty years later, there is a continuity within the Danish party system that is possibly unexpected in light of the drastic changes in 1973. The core of the Danish party system remains the same. New parties have been established; some have been successful additions, some have waned. New issues have been added to the political agenda, but the competition for government power between a left-wing and a right-wing bloc remains the structuring principle of the Danish party system. Party organizations have lost traditional party membership but thrive as organizations on public financing and professionalization. Continuity and change characterize the Danish party system since the landslide election; also in the last 25 years, on which this article focuses.
Enhedslisten – en brølende, men tandløs løve?
Authors: Seeberg Henrik 
Published: March 2022

Trods en svær fødsel i asken af tre døende kommunistiske partier omkring murens fald i 1989, har Enhedslisten klaret sig formidabelt og etableret sig som en stabil del af det danske Folketing. Hvad skyldes denne succes? Enhedslisten er en brølende, men tandløs løve i den forstand, at partiet stiller suverænt flest § 20-spørgsmål i Folketinget om især velfærdspolitik, miljøpolitik og EU, uden at dette pres dog omsættes til indflydelse i finanslovene under skiftende socialdemokratiske regeringer, hvor det mest oplagt skulle forventes. Enhedslisten har således gennem sin kritik (men ikke lovgivningsindflydelse) udfordret det etablerede og holdt en ren, kompromisløs ideologisk linje i en tid med mange velfærdsforringelser, udlændingestramninger og stigende klimakrise. Det har en voksende gruppe vælgere efterspurgt.
A combinação entre Mindfulness e método ArtSci estimula a criatividade de forma transdisciplinar
Authors: Meneses Danilo Andrade de , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Fróes Maira Monteiro 
Published: March 2022

Sistemas complexos podem se organizar de forma direcionada para a criatividade e autenticidade, uma característica chamada de autotranscendência. Neste artigo, a sala de aula criativa é vista como um sistema complexo que busca a autotranscendência, uma característica de cunho transdisciplinar. Nosso objetivo foi saber se o nosso grupo de pesquisa sobre criatividade desenvolvia essas competências — criatividade e autotranscendência — nos alunos através de práticas que envolviam Mindfulness e o método Artsci. Nossa metodologia foi dividida em duas análises qualitativas. A primeira foi o processo simbólico-arquetípico sobre a última prática do semestre. A segunda análise foi a de conteúdo de Bardin, sobre a melhora da criatividade e outros benefícios das práticas do grupo de pesquisa. Nos resultados da primeira análise encontramos símbolos e arquétipos que remetiam ao aspecto de segurança necessário para o alcance da autonomia e realização pessoal dos estudantes. Na segunda análise encontramos que as práticas criativas foram importantes para o desenvolvimento da criatividade, autoconhecimento, autoestima, autorreflexão e bem-estar. Esses resultados indicam que as competências de criatividade e autotranscendência foram desenvolvidas. Acreditamos que esse modelo contribui para o desenvolvimento de escolas criativas que promovam não só a criatividade, mas a consciência integral do ser humano.
Full vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12 to 23 months in remote rural area of Demba Gofa District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Darebo Tadele Dana , Oshe Bahru Belachew , Diro Chala Wegi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Full vaccination refers to the administration of vaccines/antigens recommended for children in the first year of life. However, little is known about full vaccination in remote, rural Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure full vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12 to 23 months in Demba Gofa District, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April and May 2019 using a multistage sampling technique to select 677 mothers with children 12–23 months of age. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and data were edited, coded, entered, and cleaned using Epi Info v3.1 and analyzed using SPSS v20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to understand associations between dependent and independent variables.

Results
Three-hundred and nine children (47.0%) were fully vaccinated, 274 (41.7%) were partially vaccinated, and 74 (11.3%) were not vaccinated at all. Children were more likely to be vaccinated if decisions were made jointly with husbands (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.06–3.34]), were made by mothers (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI [1.66–9.78]), followed postnatal care (AOR = 5.02, 95% CI [2.28–11.05]), if the child’s age for completing vaccination was known (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI [1.04–6.23]), and if vaccinations did not make the child sick (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.16–0.64]).

Conclusion
Full vaccination coverage was less than average in the study district and far below the governmental target (90%) necessary for sustained control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Interventions targeted towards maternal healthcare decision-making, postnatal care, knowledge on vaccination timing, and importance should be prioritized to improve full vaccination coverage. A continuous supply of vaccination cards needs to be ensured to improve vaccination conditions.
Electronic Payment System and Revenue Collection at Immigration Department Zanzibar
Authors: Khamis Thania P. , Mwinyi Amir K. , Salim Adilu M. , Hafidh Hafidh A. 
Published: March 2022

The study attempted to examine the contribution of electronic payment systems on revenue collection at Immigration department Tanzania- Zanzibar. It employed both primary and secondary data for analysis guided by questionnaires. Regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of electronic payment system on revenue collection at Immigration department in Zanzibar, the efficiency of the electronic payment system on revenue collection at Immigration department of Zanzibar and to analyse challenges face electronic payment system on revenue collection at Immigration department of Zanzibar. The result regression analysis revealed that all independent variables of Visa fees, permits fees and passport fees have positive relationship with total revenue collection at Immigration department of Zanzibar. The study concluded that there is a huge difference of revenue collected at immigration department before and after the installation of the electronic payment system. The study recommended that the immigration department of Zanzibar should provide awareness to the customers on the electronic payment system.
Attributable Fraction and Forecasting for COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Nigeria Using Facebook- Prophet Machine Learning Model
Authors: Ibidoja Olayemi Joshua , Rapheal Fowobaje Kayode 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The motivation is to know the attributable fraction among Nigerians who tested positive for covid-19 and forecast the covid-19 cases.
Place and Duration of Study: We extracted data from (https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/) on 8th September,2021 and covid.19analytics package on 7th September, 2021, from Data Repository by Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering , Status of Cases in Toronto – City of Toronto , COVID-19: Open Data Toronto ,COVID-19: Health Canada , Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, COViD-19 Vaccination and Testing records from “Our World In Data” and Pandemics historical records from Visual Capitalist. Data in Nigeria contained the number of samples tested, confirmed cases, active cases, discharged cases and deaths.
Methodology: Attributable fraction was used to compute the proportion of patients who tested positive to Covid-19. By using the time for regressor, Prophet model will fit many non-linear and linear functions of time components. Prophet uses the Fourier series to get flexible model to forecast and fit the seasonality effects. A fast solution for L-BFGS which stands for Limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shannon algorithm, is used with Stan backend for the prediction problem.
Results: As at Saturday 11th September 2021,7:18am Nigeria local time, a total of 2884034 samples have been tested for covid-19, with 198239 confirmed cases,9871 active cases,185780 discharged cases and 2588 deaths. The attributable fraction for covid-19 in Nigeria was 0.0687. The r square is very high (0.999), and the p value is very low (2.2e-16).
Conclusion: The attributable fraction gives the percentage of the patients who tested positive to covid-19, among the 2884034 samples tested. It implies that the remaining percentage of patients who tested negative to covid-19 only exhibit covid-19 symptoms or were exposed to the virus. The confirmed cases were found to be highest on Saturdays with the lowest on Tuesdays.
Seroprevalence and Socio-demographic Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Aligarh Region of North India
Authors: Ahmad Nadeem , Nirmal Kirti , Shukla Indu 
Published: March 2022

Background: Leptospirosis, a zoonosis, is a worldwide public health problem. The incidences ranges from 0.1–10 per 100 000 per year globally and may reach over 50 per 100 000 during outbreaks. It’s reported in a number of countries of the South-East Asia Region from time to time. The magnitude of the leptospirosis problem differs from country to country and depends on awareness and attitude of public health care decision makers
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out to study the seroprevalence, various demographical and socioeconomic factors associated with leptospirosis in Aligarh region during January 2013 to May 2014. Blood samples collected from 171 suspected cases of leptospirosis were subjected to IgM ELISA as per manufacturer’s instructions.
Statistical Analysis: The Socioeconomic status was determined by Kuppuswamy scale on the basis of education, occupation and per capita income and classified as lower (score below 10), middle (score between 11-25), upper (score >25).
Results: The study consisted of 171 suspected patients of leptospirosis, 14% (24 cases) were positive by ELISA. In case of 24 positive cases, 20 cases (p value 0.0125) had history of contact with wet & dirty environment.
Conclusion: The study highlights the disease burden in different age groups, gender, socioeconomic strata and in varied geographical locations.
A Study on Prescribing Patterns and Assessing the Functional Outcomes in Cerebral Stroke Patients
Authors: Battula Pradeep , Pandey Nandini , Sarojini N. Yamini , Reddy C. Bhargav , Kumar K. Anil , Ugandar R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular diseases and Cerebro-vascular diseases account for majority of the burden of NCDs. Stroke is one the major component of these, posing public health challenges. 1 in 6 people suffer with stroke in their life time. The impact of stroke can be short or long term, depending on which part of the brain is affected and how quick it is treated. This hospital based case study was undertaken with aim to study the prescribing pattern and the functional outcomes in cerebral stroke. Study was carried out in the Santhiram Medical hospital, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methodology: Patients visiting the neurology clinic were asked to answer the questionnaire covering functional outcomes by using functional assesment scales to determine the clinical status of the patient; Most of the patient’s data were collected from case sheets. A total of 150 patients were included in the observational study. Data from case sheets were analysed to assess the prescribing pattern and the questionnaires like mRS, SSQOLS, MMSE scales were used to interview the stroke patients to assess the functional outcomes.
Results: Our study presents that there is a minimal Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score progress in patients. MRS, SSQOL, MMSE scales, which showed improvement in the quality of life and cognition in stroke patients after treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion, that significant functional gains in rehabilitation process of stroke can be attained by combination therapy, lifestyle changes, and better management of risk factors said to possess the major effect on recovery of stroke with improved quality of life and symptoms.