bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current View on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fibrin(ogen)-Dependent Inflammation
Authors: Yakovlev Sergiy , Strickland Dudley K. , Medved Leonid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have revealed the involvement of fibrinogen in the inflammatory response. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrinogen-dependent inflammation, two bridging mechanisms have been proposed in which fibrin(ogen) bridges leukocytes to endothelial cells. The first mechanism suggests that bridging occurs via the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte receptor Mac-1 and the endothelial receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which promotes leukocyte transmigration and enhances inflammation. The second mechanism includes bridging of leukocytes to the endothelium by fibrin degradation product E1 fragment through its interaction with leukocyte receptor CD11c and endothelial VE-cadherin to promote leukocyte transmigration. The role of E1 in promoting inflammation is inhibited by the fibrin-derived β15–42 fragment, and this has been suggested to result from its ability to compete for the E1–VE-cadherin interaction and to trigger signaling pathways through the src kinase Fyn. Our recent study revealed that the β15–42 fragment is ineffective in inhibiting the E1– or fibrin–VE-cadherin interaction, leaving the proposed signaling mechanism as the only viable explanation for the inhibitory function of β15–42. We have discovered that fibrin interacts with the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and this interaction triggers a signaling pathway that promotes leukocyte transmigration through inhibition of the src kinase Fyn. This pathway is inhibited by another pathway induced by the interaction of β15–42 with a putative endothelial receptor. In this review, we briefly describe the previously proposed molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-dependent inflammation and their advantages/disadvantages and summarize our recent studies of the novel VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration which plays an important role in fibrin-dependent inflammation.
30-Days to 10-Years Mortality Rates following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Last Decade (2011–2021)
Authors: Pan Xuankang , Turan Oguz , Rullan Pedro J. , Simmons Hannah , Emara Ahmed K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMortality data following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) beyond 1-year postoperative time period is sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: (1) estimate contemporary mortality rates at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years following primary TKA; and (2) identify risk factors and causes of mortality following TKA. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar databases were queried from January 1, 2011 to October 30, 2021 for all studies reporting mortality rates following primary TKA. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using a random-effects model to ascertain pooled mortality rates (95% confidence interval [CI]). Meta-regression was utilized to account for confounding effects on mortality rates due to the study's country of origin, median date of study data, average patient age, and patient gender ratios, with a level of significance maintained at p-value <0.05. A total of 44 articles were included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled 30-day mortality rate was 0.14% (95% CI:0.05–0.22%; n = 1,817,647). The pooled 90-day mortality rate was 0.35% (95% CI:0.0.28–0.43%; n = 1,641,974). The pooled 1-year mortality rate was 1.1% (95% CI:0.71–1.49%; n = 1,178,698). The pooled 5-year mortality rate was 5.38% (95% CI:4.35–6.42%; n = 597,041). The pooled 10-year mortality rate was 10.18% (95% CI:7.78–12.64%; n = 815,901). Our 30-day mortality rate was lower than previously reported. The most common causes of death at all time points were due to cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, and malignancy. Obesity demonstrated mixed effects on long-term mortality rates. Overall mortality rates of TKA remain low worldwide at all time points and immediate postoperative mortality rates continue to fall. Compared to symptomatic knee osteoarthritic patients reported in the literature, TKA patients qualitatively exhibited lower mortality rates, which may support the value of TKA in improving quality of life without associated excess mortality. Future long-term mortality studies should be conducted to account for geographical variability in mortality rates and further elucidate modifiable risk factors associated with mortality among TKA patients.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Lewkowicz Elizabeth S. , Lafuente Leticia , Maidana Lautaro G. , Bisceglia Juan A. , Iribarren Adolfo M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA synthetic route for the production of chiral derivatives of benzimidazole is presented. Different commercially available amines are evaluated as organocatalysts for the stereoselective aldol addition of N1-benzimidazolyl acetaldehyde, previously prepared by N-alkylation of benzimidazole, with cyclic ketones. When cyclohexanone was used, l-prolinamide proved to be the most efficient catalyst, giving (S)-2-((R)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanone in 92% yield, 90% ee and 92:8 dr (anti/syn).
Breast Cancer in Transgenders: Narrative Review
Authors: Goyal Pankaj , Jain Praveen , Agrawal Chaturbhuj , Jain Sneha Bothra , Talwar Vineet , Batra Ullas , Goyal Sumit , Maheshwari Udip , Chaudhari Krushna , Goel Varun , BP Amrith , Doval Dinesh Chandra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC), the second most common cancer, varies significantly between sexes, with minimal data in the transgender population. The overall prevalence of BC in transgenders is estimated to be 0.02%. Besides experiencing social disparities, transgenders have to face a lot of discrimination in the healthcare system. Adversities faced, along with the urge to identify with physical attributes to the gender felt by them, forces transgenders to use non-prescribed hormones. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a key feature of transition-related care, rehabbing mental health, and the quality of life of transgenders, but at the expense of their health. Studies have reported that GAHT is associated with severe health conditions such as cancer in transgenders. Estrogens and testosterone are associated with a moderate risk of developing BC. The types of BC diagnosed in transgenders after cross-sex hormone therapy include invasive ductal and neuroendocrine carcinoma, in addition to tubular adenocarcinoma. Although diagnosed at an age earlier compared with ciswomen, BC screening recommendations for transgenders are the same as for ciswomen. This review studies in detail the types of transgenders, their characteristics, different types of breast cancers associated, issues faced while treatment, and their best possible solutions. We also hope to have well-designed research in the future, which will fill the existing gaps in knowledge and provide scientific insight into the transgender population and issues related to their health. There are no international guidelines on screening and management of transgender patients but it appears that breast screening before cosmetic mastectomy, exposure to hormonal therapy for more than 5 years, and as per natal women screening guidelines should be offered to the patient with detailed discussion on the harms and benefits of the same.
Interconception Health: Improving Equitable Access to Pregnancy Planning
Authors: Black Kirsten I. , Middleton Philippa , LibSt GradDip , Huda Tanvir M. , Srinivasan Sukanya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChallenges remain with the implementation of preconception care, as many women do not plan their pregnancies and clinicians do not initiate preconception consultations. However, the interconception period may present a more opportune time to address health issues that impact on pregnancy outcomes and may influence future conceptions. It is also an important time to focus on pregnancy complications that may influence a person's health trajectory. This review discusses the evidence pointing to a need for greater attention on interconception health and focuses on five areas of care that may be particularly important in affecting equitable access to good care before a subsequent pregnancy: interpregnancy intervals, contraception, weight, nutrition, and gestational diabetes follow-up. Several programs internationally have developed models of care for interconception health and this review presents one such model developed in the United States that explicitly seeks to reach vulnerable populations of women who may otherwise not receive preconception care.
Outcomes of Patellar Subchondroplasty Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Cregar William M. , Alzein Mohamad M. , Vadhera Amar S. , Wong Stephanie E. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA select subset of patients can present with anterior knee pain in the setting of normal patellar tracking, no significant cartilage damage, and the presence of a bone marrow lesion (BML) involving the patella on advanced imaging. One novel treatment option for this condition is patellar subchondroplasty, where calcium phosphate is injected into the subchondral bone under fluoroscopic guidance. The purpose of this study is to report preliminary outcomes of patients who have undergone subchondroplasty of the patella. The surgical log of the senior author was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had undergone patellar subchondroplasty from January 2014 to June 2019. Indications for surgery included the presence of retropatellar pain refractory to conservative management without significant arthritis with a related focal BML on magnetic resonance imaging. International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Veterans Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) were obtained preoperatively, at 6 months and at final follow-up. Eight patients (nine knees) who underwent patellar subchondroplasty with minimum 1-year follow-up participated in the study. On preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, patients had a mean BML that was 2 cm in diameter. Patients had a median Kellgren–Lawrence grade of 2 both preoperatively and at final radiographic follow-up (15.50 ± 20.52 months). No patient underwent subsequent surgery or conversion to arthroplasty. Compared with baseline, VR-12 mental (p = 0.046) and physical (p = 0.003), KOOS joint replacement (p = 0.024), KOOS pain (p = 0.033), and KOOS sports (p = 0.034) scores were significantly increased at final follow-up (24.00 ± 13.55 months). In addition, on a scale of 0 to 100, patient-reported satisfaction was 73.88 ± 33.90. This study introduces patellar subchondroplasty as a surgical treatment for patients with symptomatic BMLs of the patella without significant arthritis after failure of conservative management. Our results demonstrated good outcomes and patient satisfaction. In addition, no patients converted to patellofemoral or total knee arthroplasty. This study suggests that patellar subchondroplasty may be a reasonable treatment option in the correct patient population.
Surgical Outcomes and Analysis of Quality of Life Following Knee Arthroplasty in Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Wild Linda , Dimitriou Dimitris , Radzanowski Stephan , Grabherr Michael , Fösel Andreas , Helmy Näder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn an aging population, the incidence of severe knee osteoarthritis in very elderly patients increases, leading to functional impairment and loss of independence. Knee replacement could be an effective treatment but is often denied due to fear of increased complication rate with advanced age. The objective of this study was to investigate complication rate, mortality, clinical outcome, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of primary knee replacement in very elderly patients, defined as 83 years or older. Medical records of 85 cases, receiving a primary total (total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) or unicompartmental (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty [UKA]) knee replacement, aged 83 years or older at the time of surgery, were retrospectively reviewed for surgical and medical complications as well as survivorship. Functional outcome was obtained by Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and QALY. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (TKA) and 24 months (UKA), surgical and medical complication rates were 9.7 and 8.1% for TKA and 4.3 and 4.3% for UKA, respectively. One-year survival rate was 98.4% in TKA and 98.8% in UKA, the 5-year survival rate was 83.1 and 86.6%, respectively. OKS improved from 19 to 41 points in TKA and 23 to 40 points in UKA. Mean QALYs were 4.1 years for TKA and 3.9 years for UKA. TKA and UKA are safe and reliable surgical procedures in treating end-stage osteoarthritis in very elderly patients. Patients might benefit from improved pain, function, and quality of life. The mortality rate and overall complication rate were low, although slightly higher than reported in cohorts with younger patients. If the patient is suitable, UKA might be preferred over TKA, as the complication rate was significantly lower. Patients should not be excluded from knee replacement based on their age alone, but careful patient selection, peri- and postoperative optimization, and awareness for complications are quintessential for successful treatment.
Does Simultaneous Fusion of Preexisting Spinal Canal Stenosis Adjacent to Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Achieve a Better Clinical Outcome? A Retrospective Study with More than 5-year Follow-Up
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Shaodong , Wang Yu , Shen Yejian , Zhao Yakuan , Wu Xiaotao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background In this study, we investigate the effect of simultaneous fusion of preexisting adjacent spinal canal stenosis on the outcome of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Methods Patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) from August 2013 to March 2016 were included. The inclusion criteria were the following: single-level spondylolisthesis (L4 or L5) and mild to moderate spinal stenosis at cranial adjacent segment of the spondylolisthesis segment before operation. According to whether the adjacent stenotic segment was included in the scope of surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: group A, only the spondylolisthesis was treated with single-level TLIF, and the adjacent stenosis was not treated with any surgery; In group B, TLIF were performed in the spondylolisthesis segment and the adjacent stenotic level; no spinal stenosis was found in other levels. The patients were followed up for more than 5 years. The general information before operation, visual analog scale (VAS) scores of low back pain and leg pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before operation and at the last follow-up were recorded.
Results A total of 23 patients were included in group A, and 24 patients were included in group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender distribution, age, course of disease, level of slippage, length of stay, degree of spondylolisthesis, stenotic grade of adjacent segment, and intervertebral disk degeneration grade (p> 0.05). The blood loss during surgery in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (p< 0.05). The operation time of group B was longer than that of group A, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.245). There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS and ODI scores between the two groups. At the last follow-up, the VAS scores of low back pain in the two groups were almost the same. However, the VAS scores of leg pain and ODI scores in group B were slightly higher than those in group A at the last follow-up, but the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). If relatives and friends have the similar disease, all the patients of group A and 87.5% of patients in group B would recommend that type of surgery. The satisfaction of group A (100%) was higher than that of group B (79.17%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.068).
Conclusions For single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis with mild to moderate spinal stenosis in adjacent segment before operation, decompression and fusion on the level of spondylolisthesis only is a safe, less invasive, and economical surgical option, with good long-term clinical efficacy and high satisfaction rates.
Analysis of Pulmonary Function in Thymoma Subjects: A 20-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ruan Hongyun , Liu Bin , Yang Xinting , Shang Xuehui , Li Qi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. However, the correlation between thymoma stage and pulmonary function was not assessed. Our objective in this study was to describe the pulmonary function in thymoma subjects stratified with different staging systems.
Methods A total of 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma who underwent extended thymectomy for thymoma between January 2001 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All the subjects experienced pulmonary function tests (PFTs) using Master Screen PFT system and total respiratory resistance measurement.
Results We evaluated 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma; the significant differences were observed in mean values of vital capacity, inspiratory volume (IC), total lung capacity (TLC), ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory flow, maximum ventilation volume, total airway resistance, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) across upper airway obstruction classification. PFTs of subjects with varying Masaoka stages are different. RV and RV/TLC of subjects in stages III and IV were higher than those of normal level, while DLCO of subjects in stage IV was lower than the normal level, and the mean level of IC showed significant difference between stage II and stage III.
Discussion The pulmonary function patterns of thymoma subjects significantly correlate with tumor location and size rather than clinical Masaoka stage.
Evaluating the Effect of a COVID-19 Predictive Model to Facilitate Discharge: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Major Vincent J. , Jones Simon A. , Razavian Narges , Bagheri Ashley , Mendoza Felicia , Stadelman Jay , Horwitz Leora I. , Austrian Jonathan , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background We previously developed and validated a predictive model to help clinicians identify hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may be ready for discharge given their low risk of adverse events. Whether this algorithm can prompt more timely discharge for stable patients in practice is unknown.
Objectives The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of displaying risk scores on length of stay (LOS).
Methods We integrated model output into the electronic health record (EHR) at four hospitals in one health system by displaying a green/orange/red score indicating low/moderate/high-risk in a patient list column and a larger COVID-19 summary report visible for each patient. Display of the score was pseudo-randomized 1:1 into intervention and control arms using a patient identifier passed to the model execution code. Intervention effect was assessed by comparing LOS between intervention and control groups. Adverse safety outcomes of death, hospice, and re-presentation were tested separately and as a composite indicator. We tracked adoption and sustained use through daily counts of score displays.
Results Enrolling 1,010 patients from May 15, 2020 to December 7, 2020, the trial found no detectable difference in LOS. The intervention had no impact on safety indicators of death, hospice or re-presentation after discharge. The scores were displayed consistently throughout the study period but the study lacks a causally linked process measure of provider actions based on the score. Secondary analysis revealed complex dynamics in LOS temporally, by primary symptom, and hospital location.
Conclusion An AI-based COVID-19 risk score displayed passively to clinicians during routine care of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 was safe but had no detectable impact on LOS. Health technology challenges such as insufficient adoption, nonuniform use, and provider trust compounded with temporal factors of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the null result.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04570488.
Medial Malleolar Fracture Management—A Comparative Study of Radiological Outcome between Open Reduction Internal Fixation and Closed Reduction Percutaneous Fixation
Authors: Ethiraj Prabhu , Venkataraman Sagar , Shanthappa Arun Heddur , Agrawal Sandesh 
Published: July 2022

Background
Medial malleolus fracture is commonly seen nowadays in orthopaedic practice. There are different modalities of treatment based on fracture pattern and socioeconomic status. Undisplaced fracture can be managed by cast application. Various surgical modalities of treatment are available in treating medial malleolus fracture like tension band wiring, cancellous screw or cortical screw fixation, plate fixation, Kirschner wire, and suture anchors. The purpose of our study was to evaluate radiological outcome of medial malleolus fracture managed with open reduction internal fixation and closed reduction percutaneous fixation.

Materials and Methods
Our study included 67 patients who met inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 52 patients with medial malleolar fractures cases and were treated with open reduction and internal fixation either by cancellous screw fixation or tension band wiring. Other 15 patients in group 2 were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated cancellous screw. All postoperative patients were evaluated at 1st month, 2nd month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 1 year. We evaluated patient clinically and radiological union of fractures.

Results
In our study out of 67 patients there was male preponderance and average age was 46.55 years. Right-side fractures were more compared with left-side fractures. Most common mode of injury was road traffic accident. Transverse fracture pattern was more in number in our study. Average union time in group 1 was 13.46 weeks and group 2 is 15.14 weeks. Fracture union was 96.15% in group 1 and in group 2 was 93.33%.

Conclusion
In our study, average radiological union time in patients treated with open reduction internal fixation was early compared with percutaneous fixation. This could be due to direct visualization of fracture site and good approximation of fracture fragments in open reduction internal fixation technique.