bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expedient Synthesis of Ubiquitin‐like Protein ISG15 Tools through Chemo‐Enzymatic Ligation Catalyzed by a Viral Protease Lbpro
Authors: Wang Tian , Li Chuntong , Wang Meijing , Zhang Jiachen , Zheng Qingyun , Liang Lujun , Chu Guochao , Tian Xiaolin , Deng Haiteng , He Wei , Liu Lei , Li Jinghong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUbiquitin (Ub)‐like protein ISG15 (interferon‐stimulated gene 15) regulates innate immunity and links with the evasion of host response by viruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2. Dissecting ISGylation pathways recently received increasing attention which can inform related disease interventions, but such studies necessitate the preparation and development of various ISG15 protein tools. Here, we find that the leader protease (Lbpro) encoded by foot‐and‐mouth disease virus can promote ligation reactions between recombinant ISG15 and synthetic glycyl compounds, generating protein tools such as ISG15‐propargylamide and ISG15‐rhodamine110, which are needed for cellular proteomic studies of deISGylases, and the screening and evaluation of inhibitors against SARS‐CoV‐2 papain‐like protease (PLpro). Furthermore, this strategy can be also used to load ISG15 onto the lysine of a synthetic peptide through an isopeptide bond, and prepare Ub and NEDD8 (ubiquitin‐like protein Nedd8) protein tools.
Integrating Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Two‐Dimensional Elastic‐Bending and Reconfigurable Plastic‐Twisting Deformations into an Organic Crystal
Authors: Tang Shiyue , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrating plasticity and elasticity in anisotropic molecular crystals is theoretically possible and is beneficial in enabling rich and complex deformations; however, it is much harder to implement in practice. Herein, we report a centimeter‐long organic crystal that is two‐dimensionally (2D) elastically bendable not only at room temperature but also at ultralow temperatures (−196 °C). The straight crystal can also be manually twisted and reconfigured to form arbitrary right‐handed or left‐handed helical structures. The integration of low‐temperature‐resistant (LTR) 2D elastic‐bending and reconfigurable plastic‐twisting deformations into one organic crystal expands the perspectives of the emerging crystal flexibility. Taking advantage of the unique multiple flexibility characteristics, spatial controllability of optical transmission for cryogenic applications and reusability of light‐polarization rotations have been implemented simultaneously in an organic crystal.
Large‐scalable polar bear hair‐like cellular hollow fibers with excellent thermal insulation and ductility
Authors: Wang Liang , Chi Weili , Liu Chuanyong , Fan Jie , Lin Jinyou , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPassive warm‐keeping textiles could reduce carbon emissions by turning down indoor heating in winter. Polar bear hair exhibits a unique structure composed of a hollow core and an aligned porous shell, which extremely helps to resist heat transport. Great interest has arisen in the development of thermo‐insulating textiles with this biomimetic structure. In this work, cellular hollow fibers were made by a large‐scalable wet spinning‐foaming process. This efficient method achieved rapid formation of polar bear hair‐like fiber as well as facile turning properties of the fibers. The structure and properties of biomimetic fibers depended on the content of foaming agent. As‐prepared porous thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composited fiber showed excellent ductility. The maximum tensile strength and breaking elongation was 4.31 MPa and 121%, respectively. The corresponding woven textile exhibited excellent thermal insulation properties even under deformation by compression or tension. The temperature difference across the thickness of textile was 17.9 and 34.9°C under a background temperature of 0 and 80°C, respectively. It may pave the way to fabricate new structure–function integrated fiber materials for warm‐keeping textiles.
The impact of dams on the population viability of a migratory fish in the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Gao Xin , Fujiwara Masami , Zhang Wenwu , Lin Pengcheng , Liu Huanzhang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The global diversity of freshwater fish has been greatly reduced as a result of human alteration. In the Yangtze River, China, the species composition has changed hugely owing to dam construction and overfishing. However, insufficient data have prevented the status of several fish species being evaluated, including that of largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti), which is a commercially important endemic species.
This study describes the effects of the Xiangjia Dam on populations of C. guichenoti. A multivariate autoregressive state‐space model was applied to catch per unit effort data derived from drifting gill nets deployed in the mid‐channel before (2005–2012) and after (2013–2018) the construction of the dam.
The analysis indicated that the mean instantaneous population growth rate of the population was −0.252 over the entire period and that the growth rates of both total and local populations have declined. Before the impoundment, the probability of population extinction was close to 1, which was the result of overfishing. After impoundment, the probability of extinction became 1 at all sites, and the time until quasi‐extinction has decreased. Based on the Euler–Lotka equation, the reproductive parameter (á) has declined by more than 95%.
The results show that the population of C. guichenoti in the upper Yangtze is almost certain to become extinct under the current conditions because of the Xiangjiaba Dam blocking migration routes. To protect this population, conservation measures, such as hatchery supplementation, the removal of small hydropower stations in the tributaries and the relocation of fish, are required.
Cranial anatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylianTrilophosuchus rackhamiWillis, 1993
Authors: Ristevski Jorgo , Weisbecker Vera , Scanlon John D. , Price Gilbert J. , Salisbury Steven W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the best‐preserved crocodylian fossil specimens from the Cenozoic of Australia is the holotype of the mekosuchineTrilophosuchus rackhami, from the middle Miocene (13.56 ± 0.67 Ma) Ringtail Site at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Although lacking most of the snout, the holotype skull ofT. rackhami(QMF16856) has an exceptionally well‐preserved cranium. Micro‐CT scanning of the holotype has allowed for all the preserved cranial bones to be digitally disarticulated, facilitating an unprecedented insight into the cranial anatomy of not justT. rackhami, but any mekosuchine.Trilophosuchus rackhamiwas a small‐bodied crocodylian and one of the most morphologically distinct mekosuchines, characterized by a unique combination of cranial characteristics several of which are exclusive to the species. Fossil material that is definitively referrable to the speciesT. rackhamiis currently known solely from the middle Miocene Ringtail Site. However, an isolated parietal from Hiatus Site at Riversleigh demonstrates thatTrilophosuchusalso occurred during the late Oligocene (~25 Ma), extending the range of the genus by more than 10 million years. The new description ofT. rackhamialso allowed for a reevaluation of its phylogenetic relationships. Our results reaffirm the placement ofT. rackhamias a member of Mekosuchinae within the subclade Mekosuchini. In all analyses, Mekosuchinae was consistently found to be monophyletic and part of the larger crocodylian clade Longirostres. However, the assignment of Mekosuchinae as a subset of Crocodylidae is brought into question, suggesting that the status of Mekosuchinae as a subfamily should be reconsidered.
Getting in, getting on, going further: Exploring the role of employers in the degree apprentice to graduate transition
Authors: Jones Katy , Christie Fiona , Brophy Sean 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransitions from education into work, or as part of career change and development, are increasingly central to policy debate and academic inquiry. However, the role that employers play in shaping transition is often overlooked. In this paper, we examine this issue through the experiences of a graduating cohort of ‘degree apprentices’. We present original analysis of new empirical data from what we believe to be the first substantive qualitative longitudinal research conducted with those experiencing this new vocational pathway in the English Apprenticeships system. Through analysis of repeat semi‐structured interviews with 22 degree apprenticeship graduates (44 interviews in total), we provide early empirical insights into experiences of this new pathway and add to existing theoretical conceptualisations of transition within the educational literature and the employer's role within it. We show that the degree apprentice to graduate transition can be broken down into three key stages: ‘getting in’, ‘getting on’ and ‘going further’, and that employers—at both strategic and relational levels—shape experiences at each stage.
A novel soft cardiac assist device based on a dielectric elastomer augmented aorta: An in vivo study
Authors: Martinez Thomas , Jahren Silje Ekroll , Walter Armando , Chavanne Jonathan , Clavica Francesco , Ferrari Lorenzo , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Casoni Daniela , Haeberlin Andreas , Luedi Markus M. , Obrist Dominik , Carrel Thierry , Civet Yoan , Perriard Yves 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough heart transplant is the preferred solution for patients suffering from heart failures, cardiac assist devices remain key substitute therapies. Among them, aortic augmentation using dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) might be an alternative technological application for the future. The electrically driven actuator does not require bulky pneumatic elements (such as conventional intra‐aortic balloon pumps) and conforms tightly to the aorta thanks to the manufacturing method presented here. In this study, the proposed DEA‐based device replaces a section of the aorta and acts as a counterpulsation device. The feasibility and validation of in vivo implantation of the device into the descending aorta in a porcine model, and the level of support provided to the heart are investigated. Additionally, the influence of the activation profile and delay compared to the start of systole is studied. We demonstrate that an activation of the DEA just before the start of systole (30 ms at 100 bpm) and deactivation just after the start of diastole (0–30 ms) leads to an optimal assistance of the heart with a maximum energy provided by the DEA. The end‐diastolic and left ventricular pressures were lowered by up to 5% and 1%, respectively, compared to baseline. The early diastolic pressure was augmented in average by up to 2%.
The effect of message features on donations in donation‐based crowdfunding
Authors: Jang Hyunkyu , Chu Wujin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCrowdfunding platforms have emerged as a popular method to raise funds for both for‐profit and non‐profits. Charities often use donation‐based crowdfunding platforms to reach out to a wider audience for fundraising campaigns. Key three performance metrics that affect the success of a donation campaign are social media spread of the campaign message, number of donors who decide to donate from seeing the message, and donation amount per donor. This research investigates the effectiveness of negatively framed messages on these three metrics. Analysis of message content of more than 3800 charities on GoFundMe.com via text mining was conducted to form a measure of the negativity of the appeals. Also for each charity, the three performance metrics were collected. Results showed that negatively framed messages led to a greater number of donors and greater sharing of the message on social media, but smaller donation amounts per donor. Implication for charity organizations is that negatively framed messages will be more effective if the goal is to obtain a broad base of support, while positively framed messages will be more effective if the objective is to increase the average donation amount.
Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Inhibition of UGT1A1 and CYP3A4 and Induction of CYP3A4 on the Pharmacokinetics of Tropifexor in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Chen Jin , Stringer Rowan , Shah Bharti , Gu Jessie , Zhang Yiming , Hackling Melissa , Prince William , Woessner Ralph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTropifexor, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, is currently under clinical development for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Tropifexor undergoes glucuronidation by uridine 5′‐diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and oxidation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, as reported in in vitro studies. Here, we report the results from 2 drug‐drug interaction studies. Study 1 enrolled 20 healthy subjects to investigate the effect of the UGT1A1 inhibitor atazanavir (ATZ) on tropifexor pharmacokinetics (PK). Study 2 had 2 cohorts with 16 healthy subjects each to investigate the effect of the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole and strong CYP3A4 inducer rifampin on the PK of tropifexor. Coadministration of ATZ reduced the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of tropifexor by 40%; however, it did not lead to increased exposure of tropifexor (both area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC] from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration [AUClast] and AUC from time 0 to infinity [AUCinf] reduced by only 10%), suggesting minor relevance of the UGT1A1 pathway for clearance of tropifexor and no expected drug‐drug interactions based on UGT1A1 inhibition. Inhibition of CYP3A4 by itraconazole increased the Cmax of tropifexor by only 9% and exposure (both AUClast and AUCinf) by 47%, suggesting a weak effect of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors on tropifexor PK. Inducing CYP3A4 with rifampin decreased Cmax (55%) and AUC (AUClast by 79% and AUCinf by 77%). Coadministration of tropifexor with either ATZ, itraconazole, or rifampin was well tolerated.
An efficient machine learning based ventricular late potential detection and classification technique for cardiac healthcare
Authors: Daphin Lilda S , Jayaparvathy R , Balaji Akshaya 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death worldwide each year, with myocardial infarction (MI) accounting for the highest percentage of deaths. The rate of mortality can be reduced if electrical homogeneity of the cardiac tissue is detected early. The presence of the ventricular late potential (VLP) at the conclusion of the QRS complex and the start of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal indicates a violation. Existing research use a wavelet‐based decomposition of the ECG signal for VLP detection, which is a multistage process. The use of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to automatically distinguish normal ECG signal and signal with the presence of VLP is proposed in this work. Furthermore, utilizing machine learning classifiers, this research aims to enable automated diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. Intrinsic mode functions (IMF) are amplitude and frequency modulated waves that result from the decomposition of ECG using the EMD. Each IMF's peak amplitudes, spectral entropy, and mean of the ECG in the EMD are retrieved and used as input features for various machine learning techniques (ML). According to simulation findings, the bagging classifier achieves accuracy and specificity of 98.93% and 98.62%, respectively, while the AdaBoost classifier based on machine learning technique achieves sensitivity of 99.84%. The observed performance is considered to be the best when compared to existing approaches.
Evaluation of variability in seed coat color, weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition within the entire USDA‐cultivated peanut germplasm collection
Authors: Wang Ming Li , Tonnis Brandon D. , Chen Charles Y. , Li Xianran , Pinnow David L. , Tallury Shyam , Stigura Nick , Pederson Gary A. , Harrison Melanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural genetic diversity in plant germplasm collections provides the genetic variability for crop improvement. To explore this natural genetic variability, over 8,800 accessions within the USDA cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm collection were evaluated for several seed quality traits including seed coat color, 100‐seed weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition. After removing contaminated and/or mixed accessions, the remaining 8,466 accessions were used for further data analysis. The mean of 100‐seed weight was 49.44 g with a wide range of 21.84 to 148.36 g (6.8‐fold difference). Six accessions (PI 414995, PI 648234, PI 318740, PI 336978, PI 320059, and PI 578229) with 100‐seed weight >110 g were identified. The mean of oil content was 48.94% with a range of 36.51 to 59.45% (1.6‐fold difference). Seven accessions (PI 471949, PI 472001, PI 497369, PI 442739, PI 343423, PI 161298, and PI 668582) with oil content >58% were identified. The mean of oleic acid was 45.2% with a wide range of 39.99 to 82.08% (2.1‐fold difference). The mean of linoleic acid was 32.56% with a wide range of 2.0 to 46.68% (23.3‐fold difference). Thirty‐seven accessions were identified with >65% oleic acid. Among them, PI 636472 and PI 596800 had the highest level of oleic acid (82.1 and 81.8%, respectively). Significant variation in these traits was also identified between subspecies and among botanical varieties. Some significantly positive and negative correlations among these traits were also determined. The results presented here will be useful for peanut breeders, geneticists, and other users.
Circuit design and implementation of fault‐tolerant step‐up converter with variable voltage gain
Authors: Mohammadi Farid , Rastegar Hasan , Pichan Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a fault‐tolerant (FT) DC–DC converter that is capable of safe operation under open‐circuit and short‐circuit switch failures is presented. This study is based on reconfiguration strategy after a switch failure without employing any additional hardware. To maintain normal operation, the designed topology is reconfigured under various switch‐fault conditions. Using the simple proposed control unit, it is possible to fast detect and regulate the desired output voltage in both healthy and faulty conditions. The reconfigurable capability allows the converter to operate uninterrupted after a switch fault, and the power flow will be continuous. FT operation and reconfiguration capability of a step‐up DC–DC converter under switch failures are investigated in continuous current mode (CCM). A fuse–MOSFET pair is analyzed and designed for FT operation in details. The proposed FT converter has been placed in an integrated transformerless grid‐connected PV system, and simulation tests have been performed to confirm the performance of the converter in the application of a grid‐connected PV system. Also, experimental results carried out on a prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter in reducing losses associated with power converter in low‐power applications.
Enhancement of robustness to frequency detuning with wireless power transfer based on Van der Pol resonance
Authors: Wang Meng , Song Guangcheng , Shi Yanyan , Yin Renliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn near‐field energy transmission, wireless power transfer based on magnetic coupling resonance is preferred. For efficient power transfer, the quality factor of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer (MCR‐WPT) system should be kept at a high value, which makes the system sensitive to frequency detuning. Different from conventional approaches dealing with the problem in linear MCR‐WPT system, this paper proposes a novel MCR‐WPT system, which is based on Van der Pol nonlinear resonant circuit to address the problem of frequency detuning. A nonlinear resistor is introduced, and the nonlinear Van der Pol MCR‐WPT system is established. Based on the mathematical model and the theoretical analysis, it is found that the frequency band is broadened. To validate the performance of the proposed system, extensive simulation and experimental work are conducted. Unlike the traditional linear system, which only peaks at the resonant frequency, the results show that the output of the proposed system is still high within a certain frequency band when the operating frequency deviates from the original resonant frequency. The impact of frequency detuning caused by variation of capacitance is also studied. It can be concluded that the proposed MCR‐WPT system is effective in coping with the frequency detuning.
Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub
Authors: Maynard Lauren D. , Moureau Elodie , Bader Maaike Y. , Salazar Diego , Zotz Gerhard , Whitehead Susan R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change is a mounting global issue, but its consequences will be variable across regions. Tropical species are hypothesized to have reduced climatic adaptability and plasticity. Yet, relative to temperate species, less is understood about how they will respond to climate change. Rising temperature and atmospheric CO2 could impact plant–herbivore systems directly by altering species traits or abundances, or the effects could be indirect by altering the strength and direction of the relationships that govern organismal strategies and interactions. Using open‐top chambers in a Neotropical wet forest, we applied a full‐factorial combination of active warming and CO2 fertilization to investigate the above‐ground, short‐term effects of climate change on plant–herbivore interactions in a common Neotropical shrub, Piper generalense. We aimed to answer two main questions: (1) Could climate change alter plant–herbivore systems through direct effects on plant growth rate, chemical defense, and/or insect herbivore damage rate? and (2) Could climate change affect plant–herbivore systems indirectly by altering (a) the strength of plant resource allocation trade‐offs between growth and defense or (b) the effectiveness of plant chemical defense against herbivory? None of the microclimate treatments had direct effects on plant growth, chemical defense, or herbivore damage. However, we did observe a positive relationship between growth and chemical defense in treatments mimicking climate‐change conditions, which partially supports the growth–differentiation balance hypothesis. We did not detect any effects of treatments on the effectiveness of plant chemical defense against herbivory. It appears that, in this system, increased CO2 concentration and temperature may cause indirect, cascading consequences, even where direct effects are not observable. We recommend more climate‐change experiments addressing multi‐trophic interactions that focus not only on the direct responses of organisms but also on the ways in which climate change can restructure the relationships that govern complex biotic systems.