bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of tissue toxicity risk in breast radiotherapy using Bayesian networks
Authors: Ciunkiewicz Philip , Roumeliotis Michael , Stenhouse Kailyn , McGeachy Philip , Quirk Sarah , Grendarova Petra , Yanushkevich Svetlana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this analysis is to predict worsening post‐treatment normal tissue toxicity in patients undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) therapy and to quantitatively identify which diagnostic, anatomical, and dosimetric features are contributing to these outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study of APBI treatments was performed using 32 features pertaining to various stages of the patient's treatment journey. These features were used to inform and construct a Bayesian network (BN) based on both statistical analysis of feature distributions and relative clinical importance. The target feature for prediction was defined as a measurable worsening of telangiectasia, subcutaneous tissue induration, or fibrosis when compared against the observed baseline. Parameter learning for the network was performed using data from the 299 patients included in the ACCEL trial and predictive performance was measured. Feature importance for the BN was quantified using a novel information‐theoretic approach.ResultsCross‐validated performance of the BN for predicting toxicity was consistently higher when compared against conventional machine learning (ML) techniques. The measured BN receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was 0.9600.013 against the best ML result of 0.9420.021 using five‐fold cross‐validation with separate test data across 100 trials. The volume of the clinical target volume, gross target volume, and baseline toxicity measurements were found to have the highest feature importance and mutual dependence with normal tissue toxicity in the network, representing the strongest contribution to patient outcomes.ConclusionsThe BN outperformed conventional ML techniques in predicting tissue toxicity outcomes and provided deeper insight into which features are contributing to these outcomes.
Determination of the ion collection efficiency of the Razor Nano Chamber for ultra‐high dose‐rate electron beams
Authors: Cavallone Marco , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Moeckli Raphaël , Bailat Claude , Flacco Alessandro , Prezado Yolanda , Delorme Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐high dose‐rate (UHDR) irradiations (>40 Gy/s) have recently garnered interest in radiotherapy (RT) as they can trigger the so‐called “FLASH” effect, namely a higher tolerance of normal tissues in comparison with conventional dose rates when a sufficiently high dose is delivered to the tissue. To transfer this to clinical RT treatments, adapted methods and practical tools for online dosimetry need to be developed. Ionization chambers remain the gold standards in RT but the charge recombination effects may be very significant at such high dose rates, limiting the use of some of these dosimeters. The reduction of the sensitive volume size can be an interesting characteristic to reduce such effects.PurposeIn that context, we have investigated the charge collection behavior of the recent IBA Razor™ Nano Chamber (RNC) in UHDR pulses to evaluate its potential interest for FLASH RT.MethodsIn order to quantify the RNC ion collection efficiency (ICE), simultaneous dose measurements were performed under UHDR electron beams with dose‐rate‐independent Gafchromic™ EBT3 films that were used as the dose reference. A dose‐per‐pulse range from 0.01 to 30 Gy was investigated, varying the source‐to‐surface distance, the pulse duration (1 and 3 μs investigated) and the LINAC gun grid tension as irradiation parameters. In addition, the RNC measurements were corrected from the inherent beam shot‐to‐shot variations using an independent current transformer. An empirical logistic model was used to fit the RNC collection efficiency measurements and the results were compared with the Advanced Markus plane parallel ion chamber.ResultsThe RNC ICE was found to decrease as the dose‐per‐pulse increases, starting from doses above 0.2 Gy/pulse and down to 40% of efficiency at 30 Gy/pulse. The RNC resulted in a higher ICE for a given dose‐per‐pulse in comparison with the Markus chamber, with a measured efficiency found higher than 85 and 55% for 1 and 10 Gy/pulse, respectively, whereas the Markus ICE was of 60 and 25% for the same doses. However, the RNC shows a higher sensitivity to the pulse duration than the Advanced Markus chamber, with a lower efficiency found at 1 μs than at 3 μs, suggesting that this chamber could be more sensitive to the dose rate within the pulse.ConclusionsThe results confirmed that the small sensitive volume of the RNC ensures higher ICE compared with larger chambers. The RNC was thus found to be a promising online dosimetry tool for FLASH RT and we proposed an ion recombination model to correct its response up to extreme dose‐per‐pulses of 30 Gy.
A comparative investigation between the beam spring method and the modified routine method in special‐section shield tunnels: A case study for quasi‐rectangular tunnels
Authors: Zhang Weixi , De Corte Wouter , Liu Xian , Taerwe Luc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe modified routine modelling (MRM) and the beam spring modelling (BSM) are two of the classical design methods for circular shield tunnels, but a comparison between their applications in special‐section shield tunnels (SSSTs) has not yet been conducted. In this study, these two methods are investigated and compared specifically for the case of quasi‐rectangular shield tunnels (QRSTs). While the MRM gives acceptable results for axial force values, some critical bending moments in joint sections and segment sections can be overestimated or underestimated, not giving accurate values for design. It is demonstrated that the MRM cannot precisely predict the degree of bending moment transfer and convergence deformations of the studied SSST, and should only be used in preliminary design. On the other hand, deeper insights into the mechanical behaviour of the QRST lining structure can be gained through the analysis of the BSM. The staggered assembly pattern results in a bending moment transfer between rings and the relatively stiff area sustains the transferred moment from its neighbouring less stiff areas. For most of the longitudinal joints, 20% to 40% of bending moment is redistributed to its neighbouring segments. The transfer increases the non‐symmetric distribution of bending moments in the two halves of a QRST lining ring. This characteristic does not exist in a traditional circular shield tunnel but needs due attention to the types of shield tunnels with two compartments in one tube. Finally, the influences of different parameters related to the assumed pressures and soil reactions are discussed.
MXenes: An emergent materials for packaging platforms and looking beyond
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hao Yaya , Li Yaxin , Peng Jiahe , Wang Guosheng , Ong Wee‐Jun , Li Neng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMXenes have been employed as two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructured fillers in polymers matrix to design composites, which have tailored multi‐functional properties with great potential applications in catalysis, sensor, energy storage, membrane and biomedicine areas. Analogous to 2D materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitrides, MXenes serve as robust support to expand a significant pathway to prepare composites. This paper outlines an overview of the recent development of MXenes and MXenes‐based composites decorated by functional properties that potentially hold a promise on the packaging applications. A particular emphasis is to illustrate the essential properties of MXenes/polymer membrane intended food packaging such as barrier and antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and thermal stability. Furthermore, the progress and emergent values are presented in the perspective of instrumentation packaging that broadens prospects for antistatic, electromagnetic shielding and invisibility purposes. As a whole, this review promotes an emerging field to formulate the good ingredient of food packaging and safety to produce green and versatile membranes with high barrier performance. Finally, challenges and insightful perspectives for the application of MXenes in the packaging area are elucidated.
Molecular dynamics inferred transfer learning models for finite‐strain hyperelasticity of monoclinic crystals: Sobolev training and validations against physical constraints
Authors: Vlassis Nikolaos N. , Zhao Puhan , Ma Ran , Sewell Tommy , Sun WaiChing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a machine learning framework to train and validate neural networks to predict the anisotropic elastic response of a monoclinic organic molecular crystal known as ‐HMX in the geometrical nonlinear regime. A filtered molecular dynamic (MD) simulations database is used to train neural networks with a Sobolev norm that uses the stress measure and a reference configuration to deduce the elastic stored free energy functional. To improve the accuracy of the elasticity tangent predictions originating from the learned stored free energy, a transfer learning technique is used to introduce additional tangential constraints from the data while necessary conditions (e.g., strong ellipticity, crystallographic symmetry) for the correctness of the model are either introduced as additional physical constraints or incorporated in the validation tests. Assessment of the neural networks is based on (1) the accuracy with which they reproduce the bottom‐line constitutive responses predicted by MD, (2) the robustness of the models measured by detailed examination of their stability and uniqueness, and (3) the admissibility of the predicted responses with respect to mechanics principles in the finite‐deformation regime. We compare the training efficiency of the neural networks under different Sobolev constraints and assess the accuracy and robustness of the models against MD benchmarks for ‐HMX.
Long‐term results from the multicentric European randomized phase 3 trial CWS/RMS‐96 for localized high‐risk soft tissue sarcoma in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Ferrari Andrea , Kosztyla Daniel , Ladenstein Ruth , Cecchetto Giovanni , Kazanowska Bernarda , Scarzello Giovanni , Ljungman Gustaf , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Niggli Felix , Alaggio Rita , Vokuhl Christian , Casanova Michela , Klingebiel Thomas , Zin Angelica , Koscielniak Ewa , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground: CWS/RMS‐96 was an international multicenter trial with randomization between two therapy arms of the standard four‐drug therapy (vincristine, ifosfamide, adriamycin, dactinomycin [VAIA]) versus an intensified six‐drug regimen (carboplatin, epirubicin, vincristine, dactinomycin, ifosfamide, and etoposide [CEVAIE]) for high‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES), and undifferentiated sarcoma (UDS) in children, adolescents, and young adults aiming to improve their survival. Intensified chemotherapy with CEVAIE did not improve outcome.Methods: Patients younger than 21 years with a previously untreated localized HR‐RMS, EES, and UDS were enrolled from Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) centers in Germany, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, and from Italian Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee (STSC) centers. Randomization (1:1) to receive either 9 × 21 days cycles of VAIA or CEVAIE was performed separately in CWS and STSC. Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (32–44.8 Gy) was added at week 9–12 according to histology and response to chemotherapy. A secondary microscopically complete nonmutilating resection was performed if possible. Primary endpoints were response to chemotherapy, event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: Five hundred fifty‐seven patients (HR‐RMS:n = 416, EES and UDS:n = 141) underwent randomization: VAIA (n = 273) or CEVAIE (n = 284). Radiotherapy was given to 70% of patients in both groups. A secondary resection was performed in 47% and 48% patients, respectively. The 5‐year EFS and OS for the VAIA and CEVAIE treatment arms were 59.8% and 60.8% (p = .89), and 74.2% and 68.3% (p = .16), respectively. No differences in response, toxicity, or second malignancies emerged in the two groups.Conclusion: The use of an intensified regimen failed to show a significant improvement in tumor response and outcome of patients with localized HR‐RMS, EES, and UDS.
Expression of neuroblastoma‐related genes in bone marrow at end of high‐risk neuroblastoma therapy
Authors: Asgharzadeh Shahab , Marachelian Araz , Villablanca Judith G. , Liu Wei Yao , Kennedy Rebekah , Sposto Richard , Naranjo Arlene , Tenney Sheena , Yu Alice L. , Ozkaynak M. Fevzi , Sondel Paul M. , Park Julie R. , Seeger Robert C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMinimal disease quantification may predict event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsWe evaluated mRNA expression of five neuroblastoma‐associated genes (NB5 assay) in bone marrows (BM) of patients with newly diagnosed high‐risk neuroblastoma who received consistent immunotherapy. mRNA expression of CHGA, DCX, DDC, PHOX2B, and TH genes in BM of 479 patients enrolled on the immunotherapy arm of Children's Oncology Group trials ANBL0032 and ANBL0931 was evaluated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based TaqMan low‐density array. Results from end‐consolidation and end‐therapy were analyzed for association with five‐year EFS/OS and patient and tumor characteristics. Tests of statistical significance were two‐sided.ResultsNB5 assay detected neuroblastoma‐related mRNA in 222 of 286 (77.6%) of BMs obtained at end‐consolidation and 188 of 304 (61.8%) at end‐therapy. Any mRNA level detected in end‐therapy BM correlated with significantly worse EFS (57% [49.6%‐63.7%] vs 73.0% [63.5%‐80.4%]; P = 0.005), but not OS. Analysis limited to patients in complete response at end‐therapy still found a significant difference in EFS with detectable versus not detectable NB5 assay results (58.9% [49.5%‐67.1%] vs 76.6% [66.1%‐84.2%]; P = 0.01). End‐consolidation results did not correlate with EFS or OS. Multivariable analysis determined end‐therapy NB5 assay BM results (P = 0.02), age at diagnosis (P = 0.002), and preconsolidation response (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with EFS independent of other clinical and biological parameters evaluated, including end‐therapy response.ConclusionsIf further validated in additional patient cohorts, the NB5 assay's ability to independently predict EFS from end‐therapy could improve patient stratification for novel maintenance therapy trials after current end‐therapy to improve outcome.
Dasatinib‐therapy induced sustained remission in a child with refractory TCF7‐SPI1 T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: He Yingyi , Zhang Jingliao , Zhang Yingchi , Hu Zhengbin , Wang Pengfei , Gan Wenting , Xie Shao , Qian Maoxiang , Pui Ching‐Hon , Jiang Hua , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Weina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) has been largely lacked behind than that of patients with B‐cell ALL, especially in refractory or relapsed cases. Here, we describe a 4.7‐year‐old male child with TCF‐SPI1‐postitve T‐ALL who developed refractoriness disease after a seven drugs‐conventional therapy. Several studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of dasatinib in refractory T‐ALL. Actually, dasatinib‐included therapy dramatically reduces the leukemic burden and re‐induces this patient into complete remission without systemic adverse events. Although this is a single exceptional case, the translational potential evidence of dasatinib in specific T‐ALL subtype should not be under‐estimated.
Influence of stacking sequence on flax/kevlar hybrid epoxy composites: Mechanical and morphological studies
Authors: Kangokar Mukesh Sathvik , Bettagowda Nuthan , Praveenkumara Jagadeesh , Thyavihalli Girijappa Yashas Gowda , Puttegowda Madhu , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart , Gorbatyuk Sergey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research work, the natural fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using the hand lay‐up method. The flax and kevlar are used as a reinforcement and epoxy as a binding material. This study aims to analyze the influence of stacking sequence and hybridization on the mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties of polymer composites. The results reveal that the neat kevlar reinforced composite achieved a maximum tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength of 189.94 MPa, 2345.35 MPa and 37.16 kJ/m2 respectively with less water absorption behavior. Whereas, the hybrid composite with kevlar as an outer layers and flax as core layers was exhibited a maximum flexural strength, modulus, and inter laminar shear strength of 360.76, 37124.2, and 213.51 MPa, respectively. The water absorption percentage was more in neat natural flax reinforced epoxy composite due to its more hydrophilic nature. The scanning electron microscope analysis reveals the proper bonding and adhesion of both kevlar and flax fabrics with the epoxy matrix.
Preventing species extinctions: A global conservation consortium for Erica
Authors: Pirie Michael D. , Blackhall‐Miles Robbie , Bourke Greg , Crowley Dan , Ebrahim Ismail , Forest Félix , Knaack Michael , Koopman Rupert , Lansdowne Alex , Nürk Nicolai M. , Osborne Jo , Pearce Timothy R. , Rohrauer Daniel , Smit Martin , Wilman Victoria 
Published: April 2022

Societal Impact StatementHuman‐caused habitat destruction and transformation is resulting in a cascade of impacts to biological diversity, of which arguably the most fundamental is species extinctions. The Global Conservation Consortia (GCC) are a means to pool efforts and expertise across national boundaries and between disciplines in the attempt to prevent such losses in focal plant groups. GCC Erica coordinates an international response to extinction threats in one such group, the heaths, or heathers, of which hundreds of species are found only in South Africa's spectacularly diverse Cape Floristic Region.SummaryEffectively combating the biodiversity crisis requires coordinated conservation efforts. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) and numerous partners have established Global Conservation Consortia (GCC) to collaboratively develop and implement comprehensive conservation strategies for priority threatened plant groups. Through these networks, institutions with specialised collections and staff can leverage ongoing work to optimise impact for threatened plant species. The genus Erica poses a challenge similar in scale to that of the largest other GCC group, Rhododendron, but almost 700 of the around 800 known species of Erica are concentrated in a single biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Many species are known to be threatened, suffering the immediate impacts of habitat destruction, invasive species, changes in natural fire regimes and climate change. Efforts to counter these threats face general challenges: disproportionate burden of in situ conservation falling on a minority of the community, limited knowledge of species‐rich groups, shortfalls in assessing and monitoring threat, lack of resources for in situ and limitations of knowledge for ex situ conservation efforts and in communicating the value of biological diversity to a public who may never encounter it in the wild. GCC Erica brings together the world's Erica experts, conservationists and the botanical community, including botanic gardens, seed banks and organisations in Africa, Madagascar, Europe, the United States, Australia and beyond. We are collaboratively pooling our unique sets of skills and resources to address these challenges in working groups for conservation prioritisation, conservation in situ, horticulture, seed banking, systematic research and outreach.
IGF‐dependent dynamic modulation of a protease cleavage site in the intrinsically disordered linker domain of human IGFBP2
Authors: Jaipuria Garima , Shet Divya , Malik Shahid , Swain Monalisa , Atreya Hanudatta S. , Galea Charles A. , Slomiany Mark G. , Rosenzweig Steven A. , Forbes Briony E. , Norton Raymond S. , Mondal Somnath 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional regulation via conformational dynamics is well known in structured proteins but less well characterized in intrinsically disordered proteins and their complexes. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have identified a dynamic regulatory mechanism in the human insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system involving the central, intrinsically disordered linker domain of human IGF‐binding protein‐2 (hIGFBP2). The bioavailability of IGFs is regulated by the proteolysis of IGF‐binding proteins. In the case of hIGFBP2, the linker domain (L‐hIGFBP2) retains its intrinsic disorder upon binding IGF‐1, but its dynamics are significantly altered, both in the IGF binding region and distantly located protease cleavage sites. The increase in flexibility of the linker domain upon IGF‐1 binding may explain the IGF‐dependent modulation of proteolysis of IGFBP2 in this domain. As IGF homeostasis is important for cell growth and function, and its dysregulation is a key contributor to several cancers, our findings open up new avenues for the design of IGFBP analogs inhibiting IGF‐dependent tumors.
Prediction of the potential distribution pattern of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) under climate change based on ensemble modelling
Authors: Wen Xuanye , Zhao Guanghua , Cheng Xiaotian , Chang Guobin , Dong Xiaobo , Lin Xiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRodent infestation is a global biological problem. Rodents are widely distributed worldwide, cause harm to agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry production and spread a variety of natural focal diseases. In this study, 10 ecological niche models were combined into an ensemble model to assess the distribution of suitable habitats for Rhombomys opimus and to predict the impact of future climate change on the distribution of R. opimus under low, medium and high socioeconomic pathway scenarios of CMIP6.RESULTSIn general, with the exception of extreme climates (2090‐SSP585), the current and potential future ranges of R. opimus habitat are maintained at approximately 220 × 104 km2. In combination with human footprint data, the potential distribution area of R. opimus was found to coincide with areas with a moderate human footprint. In addition, this distribution area will gradually shift to higher‐latitude regions, and the suitable habitat area of R. opimus will gradually shrink in China, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan while increasing in Mongolia and Kazakhstan.CONCLUSIONSThese results help identify the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of R. opimus and provide supportive information for the development of management strategies to protect against future ecological and human health risks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.