bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declines and peaks in NO2 pollution during the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the New York metropolitan area
Authors: Tzortziou Maria , Kwong Charlotte F. , Goldberg Daniel , Schiferl Luke , Commane Róisín , Abuhassan Nader , Szykman James J. , Valin Lukas C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic created an extreme natural experiment in
which sudden changes in human behavior and economic activity resulted in
significant declines in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, immediately after
strict lockdowns were imposed. Here we examined the impact of multiple waves
and response phases of the pandemic on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) dynamics
and the role of meteorology in shaping relative contributions from different
emission sectors to NO2 pollution in post-pandemic New York City. Long
term (> 3.5 years), high frequency measurements from a network of
ground-based Pandora spectrometers were combined with TROPOMI satellite
retrievals, meteorological data, mobility trends, and atmospheric transport
model simulations to quantify changes in NO2 across the New York
metropolitan area. The stringent lockdown measures after the first pandemic
wave resulted in a decline in top-down NOx emissions by approx. 30 % on
top of long-term trends, in agreement with sector-specific changes in NOx
emissions. Ground-based measurements showed a sudden drop in total column
NO2 in spring 2020, by up to 36 % in Manhattan and 19 %–29 % in
Queens, New Jersey (NJ), and Connecticut (CT), and a clear weakening (by 16 %) of the
typical weekly NO2 cycle. Extending our analysis to more than a year
after the initial lockdown captured a gradual recovery in NO2 across
the NY/NJ/CT tri-state area in summer and fall 2020, as social restrictions
eased, followed by a second decline in NO2 coincident with the second
wave of the pandemic and resurgence of lockdown measures in winter 2021.
Meteorology was not found to have a strong NO2 biassing effect in New
York City after the first pandemic wave. Winds, however, were favorable for
low NO2 conditions in Manhattan during the second wave of the pandemic,
resulting in larger column NO2 declines than expected based on changes
in transportation emissions alone. Meteorology played a key role in shaping
the relative contributions from different emission sectors to NO2
pollution in the city, with low-speed (< 5 m s−1) SW-SE winds
enhancing contributions from the high-emitting power-generation sector in NJ
and Queens and driving particularly high NO2 pollution episodes in
Manhattan, even during – and despite – the stringent early lockdowns. These
results have important implications for air quality management in New York
City, and highlight the value of high resolution NO2 measurements in
assessing the effects of rapid meteorological changes on air quality
conditions and the effectiveness of sector-specific NOx emission control
strategies.
KEBANGKITAN TUBUH MENURUT I KORINTUS 15:25-58 DAN IMPLIKASI ETIS
Authors: Lumintang Danik Astuti 
Published: February 2022

Kebangkitan tubuh atau orang mati dalam 1 Korintus 15:25-58 adalah misteri yang menjadi pokok bahasan hangat di sepanjang zaman. Hal ini dinyatakan sebagai misteri, karena masih menjadi perbincangan atau pertanyaan bagi banyak orang Kristen sendiri. Tidak sedikit orang Kristen yang memiliki doktrin yang benar, pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang cukup, namun doktrin atau pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang benar tersebut tidak nampak atau tidak tercermin pada sikap yang benar. Bahkan tidak sedikit orang Kristen yang bertanya, dengan tubuh apakah orang percaya dibangkitkan. Apakah dengan tubuh yang telah rusak, tubuh yang tercerai berai karena orang tersebut waktu meninggal mengalami kecelakaan, apakah benar tubuh itu yang dibangkitkan? dan apakah orang yang sudah meninggal, pada saat tubuh dibangkitkan, mereka dapat bertemu dengan keluarganya, seorang suami dapat bertemu dan melihat istrinya dengan tubuh yang dahulu dia lihat ataukah sebaliknya. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut hingga kini masih menjadi misteri bagi banyak orang, mereka belum mendapatkan jawaban yang benar. Karena itulah penulis ingin memberikan jawaban yang benar mengenai kebangkitan tubuh atau orang mati menurut surat 1 Korintus 15:25-58.
MEMBANGUN KEMITRAAN GEREJA DALAM PELAYANAN MISI MASA KINI
Authors: Hutapea Leonard A.P. 
Published: February 2022

Telah disadari bersama bahwa pelayanan misi merupakan pelayanan yang teramat luas, dan dalam memikirkan, merencanakan, mengatur bahkan melaksanakannya dibutuhkan wawasan yang luas pula demi tercapainya Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Kehadiran gereja sebagai komunitas orang percaya di dunia tidak dapat atau tidak akan mampu jika hanya sebagai pelaksana tunggal dalam melaksanakan mandat Ilahi “menyaksikan Kristus dalam pemberitaan Kabar Baik”. Melalui kemitraan dengan pelayanan-pelayanan misi, penting memulai penataan sistem atau pola kerja yang baik serta terorganisir, hal ini merupakan suatu gerakan yang dinamis dalam melaksanakan Amanat Agung. Kemitraan yang ada perlu sekali dukungan segala pihak karena dengan demikian kemitraan dapat mengembangkan pelayanan-pelayanan, bahkan lembaga yang ada sehingga segala program dan sasaran puncak dapat tercapai sesuai kerinduan dalam membangun kemitraan dan pelayanan bersama.
TOLERANSI AGAMA DAN MOTIF MISI KRISTEN
Authors: Rotua Dewi Magdalena 
Published: February 2022

Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya. Ada beribu-ribu pulau, banyak budaya dan bahasa, bahkan terdapat berbagai agama dan kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan yang Mahaesa di bumi pertiwi ini. Toleransi beragama merupakan suatu agenda yang penting mengingat pluralitas agama yang ada di negara kita. Sebagai kaum Injili kita juga turut andil dalam toleransi agama dengan memberikan wawasan Alkitabiah toleransi agama serta memberi wawasan kebangsaan yang berjiwa Pancasila pada jemaat. Di samping itu kita juga harus mengagendakan upaya dialog antar umat beragama. Kemajemukan agama merupakan fakta keragaman bangsa Indonesia yang harus diterima dan disyukuri sebagai bagian dari kehendak Tuhan sendiri. Pluralitas tidak perlu diperdebatkan dan dieksploitasi sebagai sarana menggugat kelompok-kelompok tertentu atau bahkan disingkirkan demi supremasi dan kepentingan politik dan agama tertentu. Sebagai pengikut Kristus kita harus proaktif dalam mengupayakan terjadinya toleransi beragama di negeri ini. Upaya dan kerja keras sangat dibutuhkan mengingat ancaman disintegrasi bangsa. Pluralitas agama disatu pihak merupakan kekayaan dan keunikan bangsa Indonesia yang tidak dapat dipungkiri. Hal ini harus disikapi dengan bijak, agar masyarakat Indonesia dapat hidup dengan damai di negeri yang tercinta ini. Hendaknya toleransi tidak sekedar menjadi suatu wacana saja tetapi harus teraplikasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa misi Kristen merupakan bukti keberadaan Kekristenan di dunia pada umumnya serta di Indonesia ini. Penginjilan yang memberi tempat pada kejujuran dan tanpa melukai atau merendahkan agama lain. Kemajemukan masyarakat di tengah-tengah pluralitas agama dan kebudayaan adalah perilaku yang harus di responi dengan sikap toleransi. Semua agama memiliki kedudukan yang sama di bumi pertiwi ini sesuai dengan dasar Negara Pancasila. Misi Kristen merupakan satu wujud keunikan iman Kristiani tanpa melupakan fakta adanya penganut agama lain, serta tanpa kehilangan identitas misi Kristen yang bersifat Misio Dei, yang turut memberi sumbangsih bagi kesejahteraan bangsa. Maka tidaklah dapat diragukan lagi misi Kristen merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi kekristenan di masa mendatang.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Fasilitas terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan PT. Televisi Transformasi Indonesia
Authors: Suriansha Reza 
Published: February 2022

Pendahuluan : Kinerja pada dasarnya adalah apa yang dilakukan atau yang tidak dilakukan karyawan untuk mengatasi hal-hal tersebut. pihak pimpinan suatu instansi pemerintah memerlukan adanya upaya-upaya menyeluruh untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja yang tinggi, yang nantinya diharapkan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepada setiap pegawai dapat berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dan menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan fasilitas terhadap loyalitas karyawan PT Television Transformation of Indonesia. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui distribusi kuesioner dan diimplementasikan kepada PT Television Transformasi Indonesia 85 karyawan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 22. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama periode Juli 2017 - Oktober 2017.
Metode : Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda. Ini juga menguji uji validitas, analisis regresi, dan assumtions klasik yang mencakup tes normalitas, tes multikolinearitas, dan tes heteroscedasticity.
Hasil : Hasilnya penelitian ini tidak menemukan variabel yang menyimpang dari assumtions klasik, ini menunjukkan bahwa data yang tersedia telah memenuhi syarat untuk menggunakan model persamaan regresi linier berganda. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan variabel dan motivasi sebagian postivie secara signifikan. Kemampuan prediktif dari dua variabel pada karyawan kinerja sebesar 70,5%.
Kesimpulan : Hasil pengujian dan analisis atas hipotesis bahwa Lingkungan Kerja mempengaruhi secara parsial terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan PT. Televisi Transformasi Indonesia, dapat dibuktikan berpengaruh ariable signifikan.
The Effectiveness of Audio Visual Media on the Learners’ Skill in Writing Fable Text 1
Authors: Zulita Elpi , Sukarno Sukarno , Bustomi Bustomi 
Published: February 2022

This research was intended to determine the frequency of the effectiveness of audio-visual media towards the first grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kaur in learning fable texts. To reveal these problems in depth and thoroughly, this research was designed by using the true experimental method using Post Test Only Control Design. The results of the study showed that the implementation of using audio-visual media in writing fable texts by class VII A obtained an average score of 75.38 while writing fable texts without using audio-visual media by class VII B SMP Negeri 1 Kaur obtained an average score of 65.96. The result showed that the implementation of Audio visual media in writing fable text was effective. It could be proven through the calculation of t-test which obtained thitung > ttabel = 2,738 > 2,056. In this case, there was a significant difference in using audio-visual media without using audio-visual media on the students’ skill in writing fable text by class VII A and VII B SMP Negeri 1 Kaur. Audio-visual media could be deemed effective for the students in learning fable texts better.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 11 No. 1
Authors: Young Jenny 
Published: February 2022

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2021, to February 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Christiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilChuck Chuan Ng, Xiamen University Malaysia, MalaysiaDastun Gabriel Msuya, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaDilek Kaya-Akyüzlü, Ankara University, TurkeyGiacomo Chiesa, Politecnico di Torino, ItalyHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseSyakir Amir Ab. Rahman, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaTaina da Silva Rocha Paz, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
Communicating and Promoting Sustainability in Tourism: An Analysis of the Official Websites of the Italian Regions
Authors: Spinelli Riccardo 
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the orientation towards sustainability in the online communication of Italian Regions, by evaluating – between December 2019 and January 2020 – the content of official tourism websites and assessing whether this orientation is associated with specific destination characteristics. Sustainability orientation of the websites is measured by the Green D-web Score, a checklist of 35 items of sustainability-oriented content. The destinations’ profile is considered in terms of adoption levels of sustainable regulations and practices, the intensity of tourism development, the size and the tourism maturity.
The analysis returns Green D-Web Score scores between 5 and 32, out of a maximum of 35, with a median value of 19.5. Sustainability orientation of online communication is significantly and directly associated with the adoption of sustainable regulations and practices and the tourist pressure of the destination, while relationships with size and maturity are not significant.
Does precipitation pattern foretell Gujarat climate becoming arid ?
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , ABHYANKAR V. P. 
Published: February 2022

In recent years, on account of the anomalous behavior of southwest monsoon, drought conditions Das were reported from many parts of the country, Gujarat State in particular. An attempt has been made in this paper to determine, if Gujarat is turning drier.
Southwest monsoon (seasonal) and the annual rainfall series of nearly 70 years were subjected to sophisticated statistical analyses. Rainfall data over Gujarat was found to constitute a random series and did not exhibit presence of trend, cycle or persistence. The precipitation pattern does not indicate that arid conditions are gradually increasing over Gujarat State. It is also not feasible to anticipate years of poor rainfall from the past occurrences series.
Trace elements in monsoon rains at Bombay and over the Arabian Sea
Authors: Sadasivan S. 
Published: February 2022

A large number of rain water samples were collected at three locations in Bombay city and analysed for sodium, chlorine, bromine, iodine, magnese, calcium, magnesium and potassium. A few rainwater samples were also collected on boarda ship. over the Arabian Sea, and analysed. The results show that the sea salt aerosols predominate the trace element composition of the rain water. ~trccl of industrial pollution is localised. The average Cl/Na ratio for all samples IS near the sea water ratio of 1.8 while Br and 'I shows respectively a small and a very large enrichment relative to Na from sea water. The result indicatet that K is enriched in the transfer from sea water to air while Mg is not. Large Ca excesses arc measured in the samples and a need for a correct evaluation of the source of this excess Ca is indicated.
Climatology of inversions, mixing depths and ventilation coefficients at Delhi
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B. , MANDAL B. B. 
Published: February 2022

Daily estimates of morning and afternoon mixing depths, average wind speeds through mixing layer and ventilation coefficient during clear winter months (Octcber-March) from 1970. 1977 were calculated and monthly averages of these parameters for 7 years are presented and discussed. Daily estimates or ground inversions laps rate, mean Wind through the inversion heights and their thickness were calculated from 1968 to 1977. Percentage frequency of ground based inversions of different height and wind speed ranges based on 00 and 12 GMT ascents for 10 years are also presented . Monthly percentage frequency and strength of inversions, their thickness averaged over 10 years is also depicted. Comparison or mversrons at Delhi and Math ura are also made.
Excessive overshooting of cumulonimbus
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , CHAUDHIURY A. K. 
Published: February 2022

It is generally accepted that the classical parcel method gives the correct estimate of the height of cumulonimbus clouds. Formerly it was thought that parcel of air rising convcctively could rise from convective condensational level upto a level where the temperatures or the parcel and the environment become equal. We may callit as equilibrium level orZe . Between CCL and Ze the parcel rise since the temperature of the parcel is higher and the density is always lower than the environrnent• This Ze is also the anvil level. It has been found that the cumulonimbus often cresses the anvil level and grows higher. This phenomenon is termed as overshooting. Based on this classical parcel method theories for overshooting have been proposed by Newlon (1966) and Rocha (1967).They postulated that the rising parcel would cross Ze because of the inertia and ould go to a level Zp so that the energy acquired by the parcel during its journey from CCL to Ze is spent up. On some occasions it has been round that heights or cumulonimbus have exceeded Ze. This paper deals withsuch cases.This phenomenon has been termed as excessive overshooting. Fujita (1974) presented a modelof overshooting cumulonimbus. With the help or this and the model presented by Roach a mechanism of cooling of the immediate environment of the overshooting clouds have been proposed. This modified environment then allows further growth of the cloud . Based on the mixing of cold air due to over shooting surrounding air in proportion to their speeds, a quantitative estimation of the cooling of the environment has been ppossible. From the considerations of inertia again it has been proposed that the rising parcel can go beyond Zp and 10 h eight Zp' which can be easily calculated from thermodynamic diagrams. The calculald values ha ve bam compared with observed heights or excessive overshooting and the agreements have been quite good.
Spells of dry days related to agricultural drought in India
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , GOKHALE S. S. , RENTALA G. S. 
Published: February 2022

Efficacy of dry spells in identifying drought prone areas has been advanced in the study. For this purpose, daily rainfall from 1 June to 31October which nearly covers all growth phases of crops grown principally during kharif season for a 70-year period (1901-1970) for 26 stations in Maharashtra State have been analysed. Two types of dry days were classified. vtz., a day receiving less than 2 .5 mm of rainfall and receiving less than 6.3 mm or rainfall. Dry spells for both the categories have been computed and analysed. Similarly proba bilities of occurrence of dry spells of different lengths have been analysed. A theoretical distribution is also fitted to dry spells. The study revealed that logarithmic distribution nearly represents both categories or dry days. Analysis or dry spells and the probabilities onfirmed that the hard-core of the drought in Maharashtra State is located over Ahmednagar district. Other areas which possess high degree of drought proneness are eastern parts of Pune, Satara and Sangli districts and western parts of Sholapur, Aurangabad and Bhir districts. In coastal belt of Konkan and eastern parts of Vidarbha, the drought menace is ccmpara tlvely less
Estimation of soil moisture at deeper depth from surface layer data
Authors: BISWAS B. C. , DASGUPTA S. K. 
Published: February 2022

I n situ measurements of soil moisture at deeper layers is very difficult especially in heavy soils.Regression equations have, therefore, been developed to, estimate in the clear season soil moisture variations at deeper layers rom fluctuation of soil moisture in the the surface layer. Estimated values are compared with observed ones. The estimates are seen to be reasonably accurate.
Effects of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on Patient Outcomes After Total Joint Arthroplasty: Reported From the American Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Alamanda Vignesh K. , Barrington John W. , Chen Antonia F. , De Ayushmita , Huddleston James I. , Bozic Kevin J. , Lewallen David , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Mullen Kyle , Porter Kimberly R. , Springer Bryan D. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and complications because it relates to surgeon and hospital volume for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the American Joint Replacement Registry from 2012 to 2017.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on Medicare-eligible cases of primary elective THAs and TKAs reported to the American Joint Replacement Registry database and was linked with the available Centers of Medicaid and Medicare Services claims and the National Death Index data from 2012 to 2017. Surgeon and hospital volume were defined separately based on the median annual number of anatomic-specific total arthroplasty procedures performed on patients of any age per surgeon and per hospital. Values were aggregated into separate surgeon and hospital volume tertile groupings and combined to create pairwise comparison surgeon/hospital volume groupings for hip and knee.

Results:
Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis found low surgeon/low hospital volume to have the greatest association with all-cause revisions after THA (odds ratio [OR], 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.89, P < 0.0001) and TKA (OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.44-2.06, P < 0.0001), early revisions because of periprosthetic joint infection after THA (OR, 2.50, 95% CI, 1.53-3.15, P < 0.0001) and TKA (OR, 2.18, 95% CI, 1.64-2.89, P < 0.0001), risk of early THA instability and dislocation (OR, 2.47, 95% CI, 1.77-3.46, P < 0.0001), and 90-day mortality after THA (OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.27-2.35, P = 0.0005) and TKA (OR, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.15-1.86, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate considerably greater THA and TKA complications when performed at low-volume hospitals by low-volume surgeons. Given the data from previous literature including this study, a continued push through healthcare policies and healthcare systems is warranted to direct THA and TKA procedures to high-volume centers by high-volume surgeons because of the evident decrease in complications and considerable costs associated with all-cause revisions, periprosthetic joint infection, instability, and 90-day mortality.

Level of Evidence:
III
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Patients With Osteosarcoma: An Analysis of Outcomes From the National Cancer Database
Authors: Ottesen Taylor D. , Shultz Blake N. , Munger Alana M. , Sibindi Cosmas , Yurter Alp , Varthi Arya G. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Previous studies about osteosarcoma patient characteristics, management, and outcomes have limited patient numbers, combine varied tumor types, and/or are older studies.

Methods:
Patients with osteosarcoma from the 2004 to 2015 National Cancer Database data sets were separated into axial, appendicular, and other. Demographic and treatment data as well as 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival were determined for each group. A multivariate Cox analysis of patient variables with the likelihood of death was performed, and the Kaplan Meier survival curves were generated.

Results:
Four thousand four hundred thirty patients with osteosarcoma (3,435 appendicular, 810 axial, and 185 other) showed survival at 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year and was highest among the appendicular cohort (91.17%, 64.43%, and 58.58%, respectively). No change in survival was seen over the periods studied. The likelihood of death was greater with increasing age category, distant metastases, and treatment with radiation alone but less with appendicular primary site, treatment with surgery alone, or surgery plus chemotherapy.

Discussion:
Despite advances in tumor management, surgical excision remains the best predictor of survival for osteosarcomas. No difference was observed in patient survival from 2004 to 2015 and, as would be expected, distant metastases were a poor prognostic sign, as was increasing age, male sex, and axial location.