bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability of males to outlive females: an international comparison from 1751 to 2020
Authors: Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Alvarez Jesús-Adrian , Kashnitsky Ilya , Zarulli Virginia 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo measure sex differences in lifespan based on the probability of males to outlive females.DesignInternational comparison of national and regional sex-specific life tables from the Human Mortality Database and the World Population Prospects.Setting199 populations spanning all continents, between 1751 and 2020.Primary outcome measureWe used the outsurvival statistic (
φ
) to measure inequality in lifespan between sexes, which is interpreted here as the probability of males to outlive females.ResultsIn random pairs of one male and one female at age 0, the probability of the male outliving the female varies between 25% and 50% for life tables in almost all years since 1751 and across almost all populations. We show that
φ
is negatively correlated with sex differences in life expectancy and positively correlated with the level of lifespan variation. The important reduction of lifespan inequality observed in recent years has made it less likely for a male to outlive a female.ConclusionsAlthough male life expectancy is generally lower than female life expectancy, and male death rates are usually higher at all ages, males have a substantial chance of outliving females. These findings challenge the general impression that ‘men do not live as long as women’ and reveal a more nuanced inequality in lifespans between females and males.
Online randomised factorial trial of electronic Screening and Brief Intervention for alcohol use in pregnancy: a study protocol
Authors: Ondersma Steven J , Todd Lisa , Jablonski Samantha , Ahuja Chaarushi , Gilstad-Hayden Kathryn , Goyert Gregory , Loree Amy , Heffner Jaimee , Yonkers Kimberly A 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionApproximately 1 in 7 pregnant women in the USA report past-month alcohol use. Strong evidence connects prenatal alcohol exposure with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including the spectrum of conditions known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) has been recommended for pregnant women but has proven difficult to implement. This study will test the efficacy of single-session technology-delivered SBI (electronic SBI) for alcohol use in pregnancy, while simultaneously evaluating the possible additional benefit of tailored text messages and/or booster sessions in a 3×2 factorial trial.Method and analysisThis full factorial trial will use online advertising and clinic-based flyers to recruit pregnant women meeting criteria for unhealthy alcohol use, and randomly assign them to one of six conditions crossing three levels of brief intervention (none, single 120-minute session and single session plus two 5-minute boosters) with two levels of tailored text messaging (none vs twice weekly messages). The primary analysis will test for dose–response effects of the brief intervention on alcohol abstinence, defined as no self-report of alcohol use in the 90 days prior to 34 weeks’ gestation, and negative results for ethyl glucuronide analysis of fingernail samples. Secondary analyses will examine main and interaction effects of tailored text messaging as well as intervention effects on birth outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was provided by the Michigan State University Biomedical and Health Institutional Review Board (STUDY00005298). Results will be presented at conferences and community forums, in addition to being published in a peer-reviewed journal. Intervention content demonstrating sufficient efficacy and safety will be made publicly available.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04332172).
Identifying and analyzing spatial and temporal patterns of lightning-ignited wildfires in Western Canada from 1981 to 2018
Authors: Aftergood Olivia S.R. , Flannigan Mike D. 
Published: August 2022

To assess wildfire risk linked to lightning-caused wildfires, the present study tests the spatial- and temporal-scale distribution variability of lightning fires in Western Canada between 1981 and 2018. We examined clustering, trends, distances between clusters, and the fire season. For this study, the nearest neighbours, K-function, Moran's I, Mann–Kendall, and the Getis-ord Gi* statistics were used. These statistics were visualized by a Space Time Cube model with a hexagon grid. Lightning-ignited wildfires cluster spatially up to 270 km with an observed overall nonsignificant decreasing trend for the number of fires. Overall, northeastern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southeastern British Columbia show clustering of lightning fires. In June, there is significant clustering in northwestern and eastern Alberta, while in July fires cluster in northeastern Alberta and in southeastern British Columbia. In August, fire clusters occurred only in southeastern and south-central British Columbia. These results highlight regions that are experiencing persistent lightning fire clustering activity. This provides a focal point to assess wildfire risk to communities and values at risk, while informing local and regional management agencies in preparedness, resource capacity management, and detection. Additionally, it provides a baseline for future research into biophysical modelling of wildfire initiations.
The $$\sin 2\phi _h$$ azimuthal asymmetry of pion production in SIDIS within TMD factorization
Authors: Li Hui , Lu Zhun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the $$\sin 2\phi _h$$

sin
2

ϕ
h

azimuthal asymmetry of charged and neutral pion productions off the longitudinally polarized nucleon targets in semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering (SIDIS) process within the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization. The asymmetry is contributed by the convolution of the TMD distribution $$h_{1L}^{\perp }$$

h

1
L

⊥

and the Collins fragmentation function $$H_{1}^\perp $$

H

1

⊥

. We adopt the Wandzura–Wilczek-type (WW-type) approximation for $$h_{1L}^{\perp }$$

h

1
L

⊥

and two different parametrizations on the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor for $$h_{1L}^{\perp }$$

h

1
L

⊥

and $$H_{1}^\perp $$

H

1

⊥

. We estimate the $$\sin 2\phi _h$$

sin
2

ϕ
h

asymmetry at HERMES and CLAS and compare them with the corresponding experimental data. We also provide the prediction at kinematical configuration of CLAS12. It is shown that our theoretical calculation can describe the HERMES and CLAS data, except the asymmetry of the $$\pi ^-$$

π
-

production off proton target at HERMES and CLAS. We also find that different choices of the nonperturbative part of TMD evolution lead qualitatively similar results.
Shigeru Akita and the Study of British Imperial History in Japan
Authors: Kibata Yoichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shigeru Akita’s research into global history is solidly based on his study of British imperial history. Starting his career as an imperial historian by probing the role of the Indian army in Britain’s empire, he incorporated such concepts as gentlemanly capitalism, intra-Asian trade, and structural power into his historical analysis of British rule in Asia, an analysis that provided the framework for his picture of global history. Recently he has been studying the process of industrialization in Asian countries within the historical context of the Cold War and decolonization, focusing on the role of development aid. His organizational talent has been amply displayed by his presidency of the Asian Association of World Historians, by his instrumental role in organizing the early activities of the Study Group of British Imperial and Commonwealth History, and by his successful efforts to make Osaka University a leading research center of global history.
Situating the Komagata Maru Incident in a Global Context: A Collaborative Work with Professor Shigeru Akita
Authors: Hosokawa Michihisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Komagata Maru incident of 1914 occurred at a time when intra-Asian trade was flourishing, but it coincided with a period of great migration. Many Indians (South Asians), and also Chinese and Japanese, moved around the Indo-Pacific, a migration that stirred anti-Asian feeling among white peoples. It also occurred in a transitional period for the British Empire. But Britain still held a dominant position in the Indo-Pacific, not only because it benefited from intra-Asian trade, but also because it could make use of Indians as a military force and rely on a measure of assistance from Japan, its ally. Taking the above facts as background, this article examines the incident by approaching a wide range of topics, including political, legal, and immigration histories, and by incorporating local, national, and regional histories into a globally connected history, to demonstrate the incident’s use as a showcase that illuminates multilateral and multitiered linkages in the Indo-Pacific, the British Empire, and beyond.
Rethinking the “Yellow Peril”: Charles Pearson’s Views and Related Debates
Authors: Lee Young-Suk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At the end of the nineteenth century, texts and discourses around the world abounded with fear and contempt for Chinese immigrants, specifically contract workers. This outpouring is remembered as talk of a “Yellow Peril.” Charles Pearson introduced the theme (though not its best-known phrase) to the English-speaking world in 1893, with the publication of a bleak manifesto he’d written about the West’s future as he saw it. The present article examines Pearson’s views and the intellectual debates regarding them. A century ago, the international supply of Chinese workers contributed little to China’s prosperity. Today, as a center of consumer goods supply, China contributes to the prosperity of the Western capitalist world while continuing its own rapid economic growth. For this reason, today’s apprehension about China is based on the fear of the emergence of a communist regime as a superpower. In this respect, the current fear of China differs from the “Yellow Peril” discourse of the past. Nevertheless, the discourse may have influenced today’s concerns and apprehensions about China.
The United States after 1783: An American or a British Empire?
Authors: Hopkins A. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This contribution outlines a case for reconsidering US history in the nineteenth century. The standard approach tells the “story of the nation” after 1783 from an internal standpoint that minimizes external connections. Historians of empire, however, distinguish between formal and effective independence and trace the lines of continuity that lead from one to the other. If applied to the newly decolonized United States, this perspective reveals that important ties of commerce, finance, politics, and culture with the former colonial power remained both vibrant and persistent. Some contemporaries formulated alternatives that would reduce Britain’s informal influence; others cooperated with what would later be called neocolonialism. The ensuing debate set out arguments and policies that were to be carried forward into the twentieth century. Effective independence, defined as the recovery of key aspects of sovereignty, was not achieved until the late nineteenth century, after the Civil War, and when industrialization increased the power and confidence of the newly united nation. This argument suggests that existing studies need revising to recognize that the United States was the first important decolonized state in what was becoming the modern world; as such, it was the precursor of states in other parts of the world that were to follow its lead.
The Interactive Emergence of Capitalist Trade-Cycle Dynamics in Maritime Asia, 1640s–1760s: Overview and Prospectus
Authors: Metzler Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The analysis of cyclic movements in overseas trade provides a tool for exploring the emergence of capitalistic dynamics. Regularly recurring cycles of prosperity and recession have been considered a characteristic and novel feature of the modern type of capitalist economy that emerged in the early nineteenth century. In a strong form of this idea, credit-funded cycles of expansion and retrenchment are the basic process through which capitalist development happens. What then should we make of data that suggest the presence of regular cycles, similar in duration to classic industrial-era cycles, in East Asian maritime trade in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries? These preliminary results warrant deeper investigation and provide new support for the idea that capitalist-type developmental dynamics did not simply arrive in eastern Asia from Europe but rather emerged interactively on the spot.
Cannons for the Coast: Reading Seventeenth-Century Southeast Bengal from the Maldives Islands
Authors: Mukherjee Rila 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Professor Shigeru Akita’s important publications focus on British imperial history and global history, and highlight his use of the copious colonial archives. While not denying the importance of colonial archives for scholars, this essay explores the role of precolonial archives in understanding the history of a person, place, or region, underlining the archives’ importance but also pointing to some of the difficulties associated with their use when southeast Bengal of the early seventeenth-century is the topic. Moving away from the dispatches, letters, and consultations that constitute the “reality” of colonial South Asia, and using early modern travel narratives and maps instead, it shows a different spatial othering that arises through a faulty understanding of the pulling forces of shared connections. Events demonstrate the influence of factors other than geographic proximity, and instead of emphasizing sovereign states, as does cartography, they reveal mnemonic commercial and cultural itineraries linking distant places such as the southeast Bengal-Arakan (Bangladesh-Myanmar) coast and the Maldives Islands.
The Crisis of History Education in Contemporary Japan: A Systematic Reform by Osaka-Based Historians
Authors: Momoki Shiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to introduce the recent reform in history education across high schools and universities in Japan. Japanese education, including university history majors and teacher credential programs, has for long focused on in-depth training in narrow empirical studies, while basic theories and concepts, ones positioned across the entire spectrum of academic knowledge of history and historical research, are seldom taught systematically. This tendency, combined with other social and economic conditions and cultural values, has resulted in a secondary education history syllabus that emphasizes memorizing factual knowledge without necessary reflection on what historians articulate and deliberate over. To help researchers and teachers in history replace such a conformist form of education with competence-oriented active learning of history as a subject, Osaka-based historians, collaborating nationwide with researchers and teachers, have proposed several glossaries, commentaries, and novel exercises for understanding history and historical research and conceptualizing factual knowledge so as to provide necessary clarifications, discussions, and judgments. Thus, new textbooks written from the perspective of global history are expected to be well understood and taught in classrooms.
Passive Acoustic Determination of Spectral Wave Breaking Dissipation
Authors: Zou Xiaochen , Babanin Alexander V. , Schulz Eric Werner , Manasseh Richard , Guan Changlong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When a wave breaks, it produces bubbles whose sizes depend on the breaking severity. This paper attempts to estimate wave breaking dissipation through a passive acoustic method. Initially, regular waves were forced to break in a flume. The breaking energy loss (severity) and the underwater acoustic noise were recorded. Two kinds of thresholds, in terms of sound wave amplitude and the ratio of sound wave height to period, respectively, were used together to identify the sound waves generated by newly formed bubbles. The frequencies of these sound waves are connected with the bubble sizes. Thus, a relationship between the mean bubble radius and the breaking severity was established and found to be linear. This laboratory relationship was then applied to Lake George data to study the breaking dissipation rate across the spectrum. An average acoustic spectral density threshold was proposed to identify breaking events from acoustic records in the field. The sound waves associated with bubble formation were selected by means of the same two kinds of threshold as used in the laboratory. Thus, the mean bubble radius of each breaking event was obtained and translated into the breaking severity. The values of experimental dissipation were compared with previous relevant results obtained through different methods as well as the wave breaking dissipation source terms ST6 (WAVEWATCH-III model) and are in good agreement with both of them.
Impacts of Cumulus Convection and Turbulence Parameterizations on the Convection-Permitting Simulation of Typhoon Precipitation
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Wang Yueya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Convection-permitting resolutions, which refer to kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacings, have become increasingly popular in regional numerical weather prediction and climate studies. However, this resolution range is in the gray zone for the simulation of convection, where conventional cumulus convection and subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence parameterizations are inadequate for such grid spacings due to invalid assumptions and simplifications. Recent studies demonstrated that the magnitudes of SGS fluxes of momentum and scalars are comparable to those of resolved fluxes at convection-permitting resolutions and that horizontal SGS components are as important as the vertical SGS component. Thus, it appears necessary to adapt available schemes to model the SGS effects of convective motions for the gray zone. Here, we investigated the efficacy of separately parameterizing the vertical and horizontal SGS effects in improving the convection-permitting simulation of Typhoon Vicente (2012). To represent the vertical SGS turbulence effect, we evaluated the Grell-3, Tiedtke, and multiscale Kain–Fritsch (MSKF) schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model; the MSKF scheme is scale adaptive, whereas the other two are conventional cumulus schemes. For horizontal SGS turbulence, we evaluated the effects of the traditional Smagorinsky scheme and our newly developed reconstruction and nonlinear anisotropy (RNA) model, which models not only downgradient diffusion but also backscatter. We found that the simulation combining the MSKF and RNA schemes exhibits the best skill in predicting precipitation, especially rainfall extremes. The advantages are rooted in the MSKF scheme’s scale-awareness and parameterized cloud–radiation feedback and in the backscatter-enabling capability of the RNA model.

Significance Statement
Operational numerical weather prediction and some climate simulations have approached kilometer-scale horizontal resolutions, called convection-permitting resolutions. However, details of convective storms are not well represented at these resolutions, and small-scale fluid motions can potentially impact the overall simulation performance. In practice, the effects of such unresolved turbulent eddies were once neglected. We suggest representing these effects in the vertical and horizontal directions with an adaptive cumulus convection parameterization and an advanced turbulence model, respectively, which significantly improve the simulation of tropical cyclones. This framework allows us to adapt convection schemes developed by the mesoscale modeling community and turbulence schemes studied by large-eddy simulation groups for representing three-dimensional turbulence in the convection-permitting regime.
Mesenteric Artery Dissection and Wall-Thickening, Case Study and General Review
Authors: Skeik Nedaa , Smith Jenna , Olson Sydney L , Lohese Opema L , Mirza Aleem , Manunga Jesse 
Published: August 2022

Mesenteric artery dissection (D) and wall-thickening (WT) are rare vasculopathies that can lead to serious complications. This is a single center analysis of all patients evaluated for mesenteric arterial (celiac, superior (SMA) and/or inferior mesenteric (IMA)) D and/or WT from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2020 at our hospital. Among the 101 included patients, the average age was 55.6 ± 13.6 years, mostly affecting men (62%). There were 20 celiac artery D, 8 WT, 15 D with WT, 15 SMA D, 7 WT, 8 D with WT, one IMA D, two WT, and 25 with multiple arterial involvement. Primary etiologies included segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) (n = 17), isolated D (n = 17), localized vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract (LVGT) (n = 16), fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) (n = 13), extension of thoracoabdominal aortic D (n = 12), and trauma (n = 12). Most (71%) patients presented with abdominal pain. Hypertension (55%), hyperlipidemia (33%) and tobacco use (31%) were prevalent. Management included conservative (22%), medical (47%), endovascular (19%), and/or open repair (12%) with high in-hospital survival (98%) and symptom relief (73%). Our paper complements the scarce literature addressing the diagnosis and management of rare mesenteric vasculopathies. Most patients improved with conservative management, reserving endovascular or surgical interventions for symptomatic patients with more complicated presentations.
(E)-1,2-Difluoroethylene (HFO-1132E)
Authors:   Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) Committee,   Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS),   Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA)
Published: August 2022

(E)-1,2-Difluoroethylene (HFO-1132E) is a colorless gas used as a refrigerant. HFO-1132E has low acute toxicity following inhalation exposure in rats and dogs. HFO-1132E caused neither cardiac sensitization in dogs nor reproductive or developmental toxicity in rats following repeated inhalation exposure. Repeated inhalation exposure for up to 13 weeks in rats resulted in degeneration of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) at all exposure levels. However, the VNO is poorly developed or absent in humans. HFO-1132E was not genotoxic in either an in vitro chromosome aberration study or in vivo (rat) or in vitro micronucleus assays although the substance was mutagenic in 4 of 5 Salmonella and E. coli strains with and without S9. In an in vivo comet assay in rats, statistically significant increases in DNA strand breaks were observed in the kidney at concentrations ≥60,000 ppm and in the liver, bladder, and lung at 120,000 ppm. An increase in hedgehog cells was also noted at these concentrations that confounded the comet response. The point of departure for the WEEL was 15,000 ppm from the 13-week inhalation study. After application of appropriate adjustment factors, an 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) WEEL value of 350 ppm was derived. This exposure limit is expected to provide a significant margin of safety against any potential adverse health effects in workers. A short-term exposure level (STEL) or skin notation is not applicable for this WEEL.
Discrimination of Gonipterini weevil genera using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Johnson Joel B 
Published: August 2022

This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the potential of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to discriminate between genera of Gonipterini weevil. NIR spectra (10,000–4,000 cm−1) were collected from 15 Gonipterini specimens, comprising three genera and five species. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the inter-specific variation in NIR spectra, with separation observed between most species across the first two principal components. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could be used to differentiate between the genera (78% accuracy), although support vector machine (SVM) modelling gave improved accuracy (91%). The results support the prospect of NIR spectroscopy for the rapid discrimination between Gonipterini genera.