bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling of serum exosomes reveals acute phase response and promotion of inflammatory and platelet activation pathways in patients with heat stroke
Authors: Li Yue , Li Huan , Maegelev Marc , Su Lei , Gu Zhengtao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The pathological mechanism of heat stroke (HS) involves the acute phase response, unbalanced immunological/inflammatory reactions, and coagulation initiation, especially platelet activation. Although exosomes contain proteins involved in these biological processes, their protein cargo levels and potential roles in HS remain unknown. This study explored the serum exosome protein expression patterns after HS and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of HS.Methods: Ten patients diagnosed with HS were chosen for blood sample collection upon admission to the intensive care unit (six with severe HS and four with mild HS). Samples from six healthy volunteers were included as control. Using ultracentrifugation, exosomes were prudently isolated, and their protein contents were profiled using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification-based proteomics.Results: Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with HS showed significant changes in the levels of 33 exosomal proteins (23 upregulated and 10 downregulated). The most upregulated proteins included serum amyloid A-1 (SAA-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), S100A8, and histone H3, among others. In addition, SAA-1, vWF, PAF, S100A8, and histone H3 were more enriched in the exosomes from patients with severe HS than observed in those with mild HS. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the HS-modulated exosomal proteins were mostly related to inflammatory response, including acute-phase response, platelet activation/degranulation and innate immune response. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of proteins in the IL-17 signaling pathway, platelet activation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, among others. Several serum exosomal proteins, including SAA-1, vWF, and S100A8, which are related to the acute phase, inflammatory response, and platelet activation, were confirmed to be elevated in patients with HS, and were significantly correlated with disease severity, organ dysfunction, and death.Conclusion: Overall, this study confirms the potential role of the serum exosomal proteome in the inflammatory response and platelet activation in HS, suggests the pathological mechanisms underlying HS-induced injuries, and recommends reliable exosomal biomarkers for predicting HS prognosis.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Missing data analysis and prediction: A Google cluster case study
Authors: Wang Hui , Jiang Chunmao , Xie Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As the number of running tasks increases dramatically on a cloud platform , the probability of task failure increases. Among the many reasons affecting task failure, the lack of information is straightforward and fatal. Suppose we can predict whether a task will generate missing information and take measures in advance. In that case, we can effectively reduce the probability of task failure and also avoid ineffective use of resources. This paper investigates the missing information of tasks and proposes a missing prediction algorithm based on an improved Mixture of Gaussian (GMM) algorithm. Specifically, we deeply analyze and process the cloud task information based on the latest cloud platform data released by Google Inc in 2019. Several clustering algorithms are used to make experimental comparisons to determine their suitability for prediction. Finally, we developed an optimized GMM algorithm to build the prediction model. The experiments show the model is fast and accurate and can significantly save system time and resource utilization.
The COVID-19 and the air quality in Tunisia during 2020 and 2021 years
Authors: Abderrazak Arif 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China at December 2019. A month later, that epidemic turned into a national crisis, with infected individuals diagnosed all over China. In early March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the Wuhan epidemic has turned into a global pandemic. Many European countries have started to know several cases affected by this coronavirus, which is known to be highly contagious. The WHO has launched several recommendations to curb the spread of this virus and to call the general confinement establishment in the affected countries. Tunisia quickly took this step on March 22, 2020 and announced immediately general confinement for two weeks, renewable according to the tests results. Factories have been closed to limit human damage. International flights have been halted and the majority of government and private services have been halted except minimum and emergency services. Following these successive events, the air quality has improved markedly during the confinement period. NASA scientists say the reduction in NO2 pollution first appeared near Wuhan, Northern Italy and France experienced a reduction of nearly 50% of their NO2 emissions during this first confinement period (March-April, 2020) and been reduced by almost 30% in China. In Tunisia, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) showed a remarkable decrease in the North and the Center of Tunisia of more than 40% during this period mainly linked to the reduction in emission from road traffic and industries. Also these pollutant gases concentrations have knew a nearly 50% reduction during the 3rd pandemic wave during the period of January-April 2021. Consequently, the air quality has improved significantly in Tunisia and around the world.
New Minkowski and related inequalities via general kernels and measure
Authors: Iqbal Sajid , Samraiz Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Adil , Rahman Gauhar , Nonlaopon Kamsing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, we introduce a class of functions U(p) with integral representation defined over measure space with σ-finite measure. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the Minkowski and related inequalities by considering general kernels. As a consequence of our general results, we connect our results with various variants for the fractional integrals operators. Such applications have wide use and importance in the field of applied sciences.AMS Subject Classification: 26D15; 26D10; 26A33; 34B27
Development of an integrated biomarker for prediabetes and T2DM in Chinese individuals through serum lipidomic analyses
Authors: Yang Jiaying , Yan Han , Wang Zhigang , Yan Dan , Guo Na 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By fully elucidating the pathophysiological basis for prediabetes and T2DM in affected individuals, it may be possible to intervene at an earlier time point such that disease progression can be arrested. Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of T2DM, and as such, analyses of lipid metabolic profiles in affected patients have the potential to permit the development of an integrated lipid metabolite-based biomarker model that can facilitate early patient diagnosis and treatment. Herein, untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches were used to analyze serum samples from newly diagnosed 93 Chinese participants in discovery cohort and 440 in validation cohort via UHPLC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. Establish a new biomarker model through appropriate ROC analyses. The integrated biomarker model developed herein exhibited superior diagnostic performance when used to detect prediabetes and T2DM patients within this cohort. The results of western blot analysis of frozen adipose tissue from 3- and 12-week GK rats also confirmed that acid sphingomyelinase is responsible for significant disruptions in ceramide and sphingomyelin homeostasis in prediabetes and T2DM patients. Network analyses of the biomarkers associated with this biosignature suggested that the most profoundly affected lipid metabolism pathways in the context of diabetes include de novo ceramide synthesis, sphingomyelin metabolism, and additional pathways associated with phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Together, these results offer new biological insights regarding the role of serum lipids in the context of insidious T2DM development, and may offer new avenues for future diagnostic and/or therapeutic research.
Simulation of the E-Defense 2015 test on a 10-storey building using macro-models
Authors: Janevski Antonio , Kang Jae-Do , Isaković Tatjana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The capabilities of certain standard macro numerical models were tested by simulating the shaking table experiment on a full-scale 10-storey fixed-base building at the largest shaking table in the E-Defense centre in Japan. The lumped plasticity model for columns and beams, the force-displacement version of the MVLEM (multiple-vertical-line-element model) for walls and the scissors model with rigid links for beam-column joints were evaluated. A reasonably good simulation of the experiment was achieved using the models' standard input parameters in most cases. However, a few input parameters were modified based on the experimental data, particularly when modelling joints, which were relatively weak; therefore, they were considerably damaged during the strongest seismic excitations. The essential parameters that influenced the response were identified and analysed. The most important parameters were the effective width of the slabs, the ratio of the strength, stiffness and amount of dissipated energy in the joints as compared to the beams and columns, and the reduced initial stiffness of the structure.
The techniques used to treat complex posterior urethral strictures in boys and the long-term follow up outcomes
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Song Lujie , Sa Yinglong , Xu Yuemin , Fu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explored the curative effects of various surgical methods used to treat complicated posterior urethral strictures in boys and the long-term complication.
Methods
We retrospectively studied 28 boys under 14 years of age with complicated posterior urethral strictures treated at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. Urethral angiography revealed posterior urethral strictures. Twelve had previously failed urethral surgery; four had urethral fistulae. All underwent end-to-end urethral anastomoses via a transperineal, inferior pubic approach. We freed the distal end of the urethra, split the penile cavernous septum, partially resected the lower edge of the pubic symphysis, and rerouted the urethra under a corpus cavernosum to reduce the tension of the urethral anastomosis.
Results
All boys were 2–14 years of age at the time of surgery (mean 6.3 years). The urethral strictures were 3–5.5 cm in length (mean 4.2 cm). Catheters were removed 4 weeks postoperatively. The postoperative follow-up time was 4–72 months (mean 36.8 months). Twenty-four patients exhibited unobstructed urination after a single operation. The maximum urinary flow rate was 15–22 mL/s (average 17.8 mL/s); the success rate was 85.7%. Two patients required second urethral end-to-end anastomoses; urination became normal postoperatively. Two continued to exhibit cystostomies, and two evidenced mild incontinence. Of the six children who have attained puberty, two report erectile dysfunction.
Conclusion
End-to-end urethral anastomosis via a transperineal inferior pubic approach is an ideal treatment for posterior urethral strictures in boys. The complications include incontinence and erectile dysfunction, and require long-term follow-up.
Mechanosensitive Traction Force Generation is Regulated by the Neutrophil Activation State
Authors: Witt Hadley , Yan Zicheng , Henann David , Franck Christian , Reichner Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The generation of traction forces by neutrophils regulates many crucial effector functions responsible for host defense, such as attachment, spreading, migration, phagocytosis, and NETosis. The activation state of the cell is a strong determinant of the functional efficacy of the neutrophil; however, the effect of activation on traction force production has not yet been determined experimentally. Previously, the mapping of cellular-generated forces produced by human neutrophils via a Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) method has required a three-dimensional imaging modality to capture out-of-plane forces, such as confocal or multiphoton techniques. A method newly developed in our laboratories can capture out-of-plane forces using only a two-dimensional imaging modality. This novel technique—combined with a topology-based single particle tracking algorithm and finite element method calculations—can construct high spatial frequency three-dimensional traction fields, allowing for traction forces in-plane and out-of-plane to the substrate to now be differentially visualized and quantified with a standard epifluorescence microscope. Here we apply this technology to determine the effect of neutrophil activation on force generation. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that causes dysregulated neutrophil activation in vivo. We found that neutrophils from septic patients produced greater total forces than neutrophils from healthy donors and that the majority of this dysregulation occurred in-plane to the substrate. Ex vivo activation of neutrophils from healthy donors showed differential consequences depending on activation stimuli with mechanosensitive force decreases observed in some cases. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of epifluorescence-based microscopy in mapping traction forces to ask biologically significant questions regarding neutrophil function.
Impaired expression of the TWIK2 K+ efflux channel leads to reduced IL-1 family cytokine production in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease
Authors: Jung Bock-Gie , Dean Kristin , Wadle Carly , Samten Buka , Tripathi Deepak , Wallace Richard J. , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Tucker Torry , Idell Steven , Philley Julie V. , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causes disseminated disease in patients with immunodeficiency and pulmonary disease in individuals without obvious immunodeficiency. There is no clear information on how NTM pulmonary disease (NTMPD) develops in immunocompetent hosts. This profile study was initiated to gain insight into the immunological factors that predispose persons to pulmonary NTM infections.Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 15 pairs of NTMPD patients and age-matched healthy household contacts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with the heat-killed M. avium complex (MAC). A total of 34 cytokines and chemokines were evaluated in PBMCs culture supernatants and plasma using multiplex immunoassays. The mRNA expression of TLR2, P2X7R, TWIK2, THIK2 and TREK1 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. In mechanistic studies, blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers who had not been diagnosed or treated for NTM.Results: Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-1α and IL-10 production were significantly reduced in response to MAC in PBMCs of NTMPD patients compared with PBMCs of their healthy household contacts. RANTES was the only chemokine significantly elevated in the plasma of NTMPD patients compared with plasma of their healthy household contacts. TLR2 and TWIK2 expression were impaired in response to MAC in PBMCs of NTMPD patients compared with PBMCs of their healthy household contacts. RANTES had no effect on IL-1β production by macrophages infected with MAC. A TLR2 inhibitor decreased IL-1β, IL-18, IL-1α and IL-10 production by MAC-stimulated PBMCs and monocytes. A TWIK2 inhibitor decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α, but not IL-10, by MAC-stimulated PBMCs and monocytes.Conclusions: These findings suggest that impaired TWIK2 results in decreased production of IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α) in response to MAC, consequentially may increase susceptibility to NTM pulmonary infection.
Pharmacodynamic modeling of moderate sedation and rationale for dosing using midazolam, propofol and alfentanil
Authors: Liou Jing-Yang , Kuo I-Ting , Chang Weng-Kuei , Ting Chien-Kun , Tsou Mei-Yung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Regulations have broadened to allow moderate sedation administration for gastrointestinal endoscopy by non-anesthesia personnel. The line between moderate and deep sedation is ambiguous. Deep sedation offers patient comfort as well as greater safety concerns. Unintended deep sedation can occur if drug interactions are overlooked. We present a pharmacodynamic model for moderate sedation using midazolam, alfentanil and propofol. The model is suitable for training and devising rationales for appropriate dosing.Methods:The study consists of two parts: modeling and validation. In modeling, patients scheduled for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or colonoscopy sedation are enrolled. The modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation (MOAA/S) score < 4 is defined as loss of response to represent moderate sedation. Two patient groups receiving bronchoscopy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are used for validation. Model performance is assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). Simulations are performed to demonstrate how the model is used to rationally determine drug regimen for moderate sedation.Results:Interaction between propofol and alfentanil is stronger than the other pairwise combinations. Additional synergy is observed with three drugs. ROC AUC is 0.83 for the modeling group, and 0.96 and 0.93 for ERCP and bronchoscopy groups respectively. Model simulation suggests that 1mg midazolam, 250μg alfentanil and propofol maximally benefits from drug interactions and suitable for moderate sedation.Conclusion:We demonstrate the accurate prediction of a three-drug response surface model for moderate sedation and simulation suggests a rational dosing strategy for moderate sedation with midazolam, alfentanil and propofol.
Impact of psychological stress during the COVID 19 pandemic on the quality of life of health care workers in mental health hospitals in Egypt
Authors: nagar zeinab mohamed el , Hammed Marwa Abdel Meguid , Mohamed Mohamed Youssef , Massoud Yasmine Mahmoud , Aufa Ola Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
AbstractBackground: COVID-19 outbreak resulted in negative mental health consequences such as depression, anxiety, and stress, particularly among healthcare workers. Objective: To evaluate health care workers' mental well-being and explore the reasons standing beyond their concerns and fears. Methods: From January to June 2021, we recruited 107 health care workers from psychiatric hospitals. The translated Arabic version COVID stress scale was used to assess their level of stress. The WHO Quality of Life - BREF score was used to assess their level of affection for their quality of life. Results: The majority of our sample (45.8%) was between the ages of 20 and 30. Females made up 37.8% of the group. The majority of them were infected during the first wave. The COVID Stress Scale (CSS) revealed that 21.5% of participants had no signs or symptoms of depression, while 55.1% had mild symptoms. Only 23.4% of our sample had moderate to severe symptoms. When categorized by domains, the mean CSS score was 12.21 ± 5.62 for the danger subscale, 6.18 ± 4.07 for the socioeconomic subscale, 8.44 ± 4.58 for the xenophobia subscale, 7.99 ± 4.18 for the contamination subscale, 5.87 ± 4.32 for traumatic subscale, and 11.13 ± 6.15 for compulsive subscale. The mean scores for the WHO QOL-brief score for the physical aspect were 91.51 ± 21.5, 75.25 ± 12.84 for the psychological aspect, 40.42 ± 8.52 for the social aspect, and 96.26 ± 17.76 for the environmental aspect. Conclusion: we discovered that healthcare workers experienced high levels of stress, particularly during and after COVID -19 pandemic waves.
A Comparative Study for Various Morphological Characters between Diploid and Triploid Watermelon
Authors: PADHAN ABHILASH , Kumar T. Pradeep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Breeding activities to generate seedless cultivars of fruits and vegetables have been initiated around the world due to its increased market demand and consumer acceptance. Seedless fruits and vegetables are becoming increasingly popular across the world due to their higher flesh content, enhanced sweetness and ease of consumption thanks to the lack of seeds. Polyploidy breeding is a very important aspect in horticultural crops to create genetic and morphological variation among horticultural crops. Seedless watermelons are produced through polyploidy breeding by doubling the chromosome number and crossing between normal diploid(2x) with colchicine induced tetraploids (4x).The present study was carried out in the year (May-July)2015 at the High-tech seed testing laboratory under the Department of Vegetable Science, Kerala Agriculture University, Trissur, India to differentiate between the normal diploid(2x) watermelon (var. Sugar Baby) with the yellow seedless triploid (3x) watermelon hybrid var. Swarna (KAU-CL-TETRA-1 × CL-5). The true leaf samples collected from 10 numbers of diploid (var. Sugar Baby) and 7 numbers of triploid (var. Swarna) seedlings of watermelon were taken for the study. In the present study chloroplast count and pollen grain study were undertaken as the morphological markers to carry out the experiment. The results obtained from the average chloroplast count of 10 samples of diploid (2x) sugar baby was 11.07 whereas the triploid (3x) Swarna hybrid was 12.11. The pollen grain of triploid (3x) was found to be not retained from red safranin stain colour being sterile in nature whereas the fertile pollen of diploid (2x) watermelon retained the stain colour.
Multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus: phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution
Authors: Gomes João Paulo , Isidro Joana , Borges Vitor , Pinto Miguel , Sobral Daniel , Santos João , Mixão Verónica , Ferreira Rita , Nunes Alexandra , Santos Daniela , Duarte Silvia , Vieira Luís , Borrego Maria José , Núncio Sofia , de Oliveira Isabel , Pelerito Ana , Cordeiro Rita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The largest monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak described so far in non-endemic countries was identified in May 2022. Here, shotgun metagenomics allowed the rapid reconstruction and phylogenomic characterization of the first genome sequences of the MPXV outbreak variant. We observed that this MPXV belongs to the West African clade and that the ongoing outbreak most likely has a single origin. Although 2022 MPXV clustered with 2018–2019 cases epidemiologically linked to an endemic country, it segregates in a highly divergent phylogenetic branch (~ 50SNPs), likely representing a recent evolutionary jump. This hypermutation signature suggests the potential action of host APOBEC in viral evolution. We also detected ongoing microevolution (e.g., SNPs, minor variants and gene loss) during the human-to-human outbreak transmission, highlighting potential targets of adaptation. This study sheds light on MPXV adaptive evolution and indicates that genome sequencing might provide resolution to track the spread and transmission of this presumably slow-evolving dsDNA virus.