bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II–III Breast Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Zaher Haidi Abd El , Fathy Hamada , Abozeid Mohamed , faisal mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction

We conducted this study to reflect a single-center experience with the use of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy for the management of women with operable breast cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review on all women presenting with operable, stage II-III, breast cancer and were scheduled for neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy at Suez Canal University Hospital. The primary outcome of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with operable breast cancer who become eligible for breast conservative surgery (CBS) after neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy.

Results

A total of 147 patients were included. Before the initiation of chemotherapy, only 66 (44.9%) patients were indicated for breast conservative surgery (CBS). A total of 40 (50.6%) new patients, out of the 81 patients who were ineligible before chemotherapy, became eligible for breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (95% CI 39.3–61.9%). On the other hand, eight (12.1%) patients became ineligible for breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Out of the 98 eligible patients for breast conservative surgery after chemotherapy, 72 (73.5%) patients underwent the surgery, and the remaining 26 patients chose total modified radical mastectomy (MRM). A total of 55 (76.4%) patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR). One woman (0.1%) experienced relapse at the 3rd year of follow-up and three women (2%) experienced relapse at the 5th year of follow-up. The difference between patients who underwent breast conservative surgery and total mastectomy was not statistically significant (p = 0.22 and 0.07, respectively).

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can play a crucial role in increasing the rate of eligibility for breast conservative surgery among women with operable, stage II-III, breast cancer.
Current understanding on antibacterial mechanisms and research progress of tea polyphenols as a supplementary disinfectant for drinking water
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Cuimin , Jin Jiyue , Yang Weiqi , Wang Zile 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated during the disinfection of drinking water have become an urgent problem. So, tea polyphenol, a natural green disinfectant, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. This review summarizes the antibacterial mechanism of tea polyphenols and the recent findings on tea polyphenols as disinfectants for drinking water. These studies show that tea polyphenol is an antibacterial agent that works through different mechanisms and can be used as a supplementary disinfectant because of its higher lasting effect and economical cost. The dosage of tea polyphenols as a disinfectant of ultrafiltration effluent is the lowest among all the tea polyphenols disinfection methods, which can ensure the microbial safety of drinking water. This application of tea polyphenols is deemed a practical solution to solving the issue of disinfecting drinking water and reducing DBPs. However, it is necessary to further explore the influence of factors such as pipeline materials on the disinfection process and efficacy to expand the application scope of tea polyphenols. The large-scale application of tea polyphenols still needs to be fine-tuned but with new developments in tea polyphenol purification technology and the long-term need for drinking water that is safe for human consumption, tea polyphenols have good prospects for further development.
ChrII-Encoded DNA Helicase: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Tang Bailu , Chen Zhongyuan , Xia Hu , Wang Ronghua 
Published: November 2022

Background:
DNA helicases are unwinding enzymes that are essential for many cellular processes. Research has suggested that both the model microorganisms of a single chromosome and the model microorganisms of multiple chromosomes adopt DNA helicases encoded by chromosome I. Therefore, studying DNA helicases encoded by chromosome II may lay some foundation for understanding nucleic acid metabolism processes.

Objective:
To prove the existence of DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II and to reveal its difference compared to DNA helicase encoded by chromosome I.

Methods:
The DNA helicases of Pseudoalteromonas spongiae JCM 12884T and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata DSM 14096T were analyzed by sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships with other known DNA helicases. Then, proteins of P. spongiae JCM 12884T and P. tunicata DSM 14096T were obtained by heterologous expression. N-terminal sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis were performed to confirm the form of proteins. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was used to measure the activity of helicases.

Results:
DnaB-pspo and DnaB-ptun belong to the same family, the PRK08840 superfamily, and form a branch with helicases encoded by chromosome I. YwqA-pspo and YwqA-ptun have similar domains and form another branch with helicases encoded by chromosome II. All four helicases have DNA unwinding activity. YwqA is more efficient than DnaB for DNA unwinding, especially YwqA-pspo, which is encoded by bidirectional replication chromosome II.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to show that the existence of a DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II, and DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II is more efficient than chromosome I for DNA unwinding.
Synthesis of Pyrimido[4, 5-b]quinolones from 6-Aminopyrimidin-4-
(thi)one Derivatives (Part I)
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Abu-Hashem Ameen A. , Ameen Tahah A. , Salem Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Quinoline and pyrimidine are well-known moieties, which appear in various natural and synthetic products. Furthermore, quinoline-pyrimidine-inspired hybrids are known to have several biological properties. In addition, many pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolinone ring systems, specifically concerning medicinal chemistry, have been reported over the past decade. This review depicts the synthesis of pyrimido[4, 5-b] quinolones (PyQs4,5-b) through 6-aminopyrimidin-4-(thi)one derivatives. The preparation of PyQs4,5-b was clarified through the following chemical reactions: Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Hantzsch-like reaction, and one-pot three-component reaction.
Optimization Technique Based Approach for Image Segmentation
Authors: Poojary Manjula , Srinivas Yarramalle 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
The study's goal was to diagnose the condition at an earlier stage by employing the
optimization-based technique for image segmentation to find deformities in MRI and Aura images.

Methods:
Our methodology was based on two case studies. The diseased data set of MRI images obtained from
the UCI data set and Aura images from Bio-Well were taken into consideration. Using the Relevance Feedback
Mechanism (RFM), the sick images that are most pertinent are determined. The optimization-based Cuckoo
Search (CS) algorithm is used to find the best features. The resulting model utilising the Truncated Gaussian Mixture
Model (TGMM) is used to compare the extracted characteristics. The most relevant images are chosen based
on the likely hood estimation.

Results:
The suggested methodology is tested using 150 retrieved Aura images, 50 trained photos, and
processing of the input image utilizing morphological techniques like dilation, erosion, opening, and
closing to improve the image quality. Together with segmentation quality measurements including
Global Consistency Error (GCE), Probability Random Index (PRI), and Volume of Symmetry(VOS),
the results are assessed using image quality metrics such as Average Difference (AD), Maximum Difference
(MD), and Image Fidelity (IF).

Conclusion:
The TGMM algorithm is used to conduct the experiment. The outcomes demonstrate the
effectiveness of the suggested approaches in locating various injured tissues inside medical images obtained
using MRI technology as well as in locating high-intensity energy zones in which a potential deformity
is associated in Aura images. The outcomes reveal a respectable recognition accuracy of about 93%.
Crystallization of wax esters - a prerequisite to understand wax-based
oleogels
Authors:   Technical University of
            Berlin, Brykczynski Henriette , Floter Eckhard ,   Technical University of
            Berlin
Published: November 2022

From the range of oil structuring systems, waxes are a prime candidate to be taken
into further consideration for product applications. In order to evaluate the
structuring potential and tailor the properties of oleogels, it appears necessary to
understand the mechanism of structuring and establish a relationship between
composition, structure and functionality of the gels. Therefore, it is crucial to
consider complex mixed gelators not as a â€˜pure componentâ€™ but rather on a level of
their molecular composition. Most natural waxes contain substantial amounts of wax
esters being assigned to be decisive for the three-dimensional crystalline network waxes
form when used as oleogelators. Diligent study of pre-existing XRD-data revealed that
wax esters crystallize in two different crystal structures related to the position of
their ester bond (symmetry). Wax esters with different total carbon numbers and
symmetries were studied and characterized as neat component as well as in oleogels
formed in medium-chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10Â % (w/w). Regarding
their thermal (DSC), viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) and microstructural (BFM, cSEM)
properties, single wax esters behave systematically, linked to their molecular make-up.
Studying the behavior of oleogels structured by binary mixtures of wax esters revealed
that chain length differences drive the solid phase mixing behavior. However, small
chain length differences appear to induce crystallization in mixed structures, whereas
large chain length differences induce separate crystallization of the wax esters. During
storage, additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, being related to
compound formation or recrystallization of different crystal structures. To unravel the
crystallization of wax esters and their contribution to the gelling behavior of natural
waxes is necessary to control and to exploit their full potential as oleogelators in
practical applications.
New methods using natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis to measure the
turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in preclinical models.
Authors:   University of
            Toronto, Bazinet Richard 
Published: November 2022

Recently, our laboratory has explored an alternative and cost-effective technique
called compound-specific isotope analysis by gas-chromatography isotope ratio mass
spectrometry that takes advantage of natural differences in carbon-13 content (13C/12C
ratio or d13C) of the food supply to better understand tissue DHA metabolism. However, a
lack of variation in the d13C of some molecules limits the methods utility. Here I will
present two novel approaches that can be used to circumvent this
limitation. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is a well know precursor to docosahexaenoic
acid, but it is difficult to find ALA from sources with different d13C. In the first
study we fed mice DHA sourced from algae (enriched in carbon 13) chronically and then
switched the mice to less enriched fatty acid sources including ALA from flaxseed oil,
ALA and stearidonic acid (SDA) from ahiflower oil or DHA derived from fish oil. We show
that DHA tissue turnover can be measured from dietary ALA, ALA and SDA or DHA. In
the second study upon chronically feeding mice DHA obtained from fish oil we switched
mice to a diet either spiked with a small amount (~0.03%) of uniformly labeled DHA to
increase the d13C of DHA or to DHA derived from algae. Not only could we differentiate
the sources of DHA in the tissues, but the different sources of DHA produced similar
tissue half lives. In conclusion, limitations in the natural variance of d13C can be
circumvented by changing the d13C content of metabolic products or by adding small
amounts of labelled molecules to increase the d13C content.
How does knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids inform the food system?
Authors:   University of
            Texas, Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: November 2022

With over 40,000 studies published, omega-3s are among most studied compounds in
all of biology. We know a great deal about their metabolism, genetics, and nutrition
that has not been translated into the global industrial food system. Development and
maintenance of the human and general neural function depends on a balanced nutritional
supply of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA. Omega-3s are the most labile of oil components,
leading to rancidity during processing and limiting shelf-life. Recent research has
clarified the roles of the human FADS1 and FADS2 genes as key to conversion of precursor
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to bioactive products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid ((DHA). FADS2 is a promiscuous desaturase enzyme that inserts
double bonds at the 4, 6, and 8 positions and acts on at least 16 substrates including
numerous saturated fatty acids, while FADS1 is highly specific to 5 desaturation and C20
substrates. FADS gene polymorphisms lead primarily to modulation of circulating
arachidonic acid in free living humans, which is likely to influence omega-3
requirements through biochemical competition at many levels. Natural, pre-industrial
diets are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, and supply dietary essential fatty
acids at less than 4% of calories. Such diets support endogenous EPA and DHA
biosynthesis at relatively robust levels, while diets high in PUFA inhibit EPA/DHA
tissue accretion and create a metabolic demand. Recent recommendations focus on gently
processed healthy foods rich in shortfall nutrients despite high saturated fat content
have been advanced. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA have effects specific to each fatty
acid, and both are more efficiently incorporated into tissue than when derived from
precursors. Current evidence is that both are required for optimal health.
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esters prevent obesity-driven impairments to glucose
homeostasis through the biosynthesis of downstream hydroxylated metabolites
Authors:   UNC Chapel Hill, Shaikh Saame (Raz) , Pal Anandita ,   UNC Chapel
            Hill, Carroll Ian ,   UNC Chapel
            Hill
Published: November 2022

There is considerable debate on the clinical utility of the long n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
for preventing dysregulation of obesity-driven glucose homeostasis. Herein, we first
show that administration of ethyl esters of EPA, but not DHA, to C57BL/6J male mice
improves hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, we
demonstrate that EPA reverses the obesity-driven decrease in the concentration of white
adipose tissue and liver 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), the precursor for
resolvin E1 (RvE1).Â A combination of add-back and receptor knockout experiments reveal
that RvE1 is specifically driving the improvement in hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia
through the receptor known as ERV1/ChemR23 by controlling pathways related to hepatic
glucose metabolism and inflammation. Next, we show that EPAâ€™s effects are distinct in
female mice as EPA administration leads to improvements in body weight, hyperinsulinemia
and hyperglycemia but not glucose tolerance. In this case, EPA exerts its effects
through a mechanism potentially mediated by 8-HEPE and upregulation of key intestinal
microbes. Finally, we present translation data showing that glucose levels in humans
with obesity are inversely related to EPA but not DHA in a sex-specific manner.
Furthermore, data from our pilot clinical trial demonstrate that an 18-HEPE-enriched
marine oil supplement increases RvE1 levels by 3-fold in humans with obesity. Taken
together, these results provide clarity to the field by suggesting that EPA but not DHA
ethyl esters can prevent glucose dysregulation in a sex-specific manner through distinct
mechanisms mediated by downstream hydroxylated metabolites.
Sustainability opportunities in edible oils and fats supply chain
Authors:   Cargill, Inc., Ullmann Tai 
Published: November 2022

At Cargill, our ambition is to build the most sustainable food supply chains in
the world. From small family farms to global shipping lanes, Cargill works every day to
implement new sustainable practices to reduce our impact on the planet and protect
people. We know that we must address climate change and conserve water and forests,
while meeting the rising demand for food. These are complex challenges, but we have
overcome many obstacles to keep our food system resilient and we will continue. We feel
a deep responsibility to protect the planet and its people, to ensure a cleaner, safer
future for generations to come.Weâ€™ve set priorities that account for the diverse
environmental, social and economic impacts of our business with clear goals to ensure
progress in line with what the science says is needed to keep our people and planet
thriving:Â· Climate: reduce greenhouse gas emissions in our operations by 10% by
2025 and reduce emissions in our supply chain by 30% per ton of product sold by
2030.Â· Land: transform our agricultural supply chains to be deforestation free by
2030Â· Water: achieve sustainable water management in our operations and all
priority watershedsÂ· Human Rights: promote and respect human rights as outlined
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and improve the livelihoods of 10 million
farmers by 2030 through training insustainable agriculture practices and better access
to marketsOur global edible oil solutions are a key part of this ambition. From our new
RegenConnect program for soybean oil to our RSPO Segregated palm oil products, we
continue to drive sustainability progress against our priorities. But, we cannot do this
alone. Through connection and collaboration with farmers, our customers, and global and
local communities, we believe our food system will remain resilient.
The biosynthesis and action of enzymatically-oxidized lipids during innate immunity
and inflammation
Authors:   Cardiff University, O'Donnell Valerie 
Published: November 2022

In this presentation, I will review our knowledge about the generation and
biological action of enzymatically-oxidized phospholipids (eoxPL) formed by circulating
blood cells during inflammation and clotting. While the existence of
nonenzymatically-oxidized PL has been known about since the 1990's, the fact that
similar lipids are generated endogenously by enzymes, and that they act as part of
innate immunity, has only been known for about the last 15 years. In our laboratory,
using precursor scanning tandem mass spectrometry, in collaboration with Robert Murphy
in Denver, we identified related families of lipids that are formed by the action of
lipoxygenases/cyclooxygenases, and the Lands pathway acting in series. EoxPL comprise
primarily mono-oxygenated arachidonate esterified to phosphatidylcholine and
phosphatidylethanolamine, termed HETE-PC or HETE-PE, although there are also lower
abundance forms derived from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids formed in human
platelets. HETE-PL are mainly generated on acute activation of cells (platelets,
neutrophils) or are present basally in eosinophils and some monocyte populations. They
are not secreted, and instead stay in the membrane compartment and to some extent are
present on the outer leaflet of cells. When externalised by platelets, they can enhance
blood clotting through changing membrane biophysics. We also found they can activate
PPARÎ³ and regulate neutrophil antibacterial activities. All these are events of
importance for innate immunity. In collaboration with clinical colleagues, we are
looking at their generation in atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and venous
thrombosis. We found that they are elevated in antiphospholipid syndrome, along with
higher levels of autoantibodies that recognise them being present in the plasma of
patients. Mice lacking eoxPL are protected against lesion development in a model of
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and eoxPL are detected in human AAA lesions. Last, the
Lands cycle esterification of oxylipins may represent a mechanism for reducing their
bioactivity during inflammation.
From molecular assemblies to nutritious food products
Authors:   Technion - Israel Institute of
            Technology, Davidovich-Pinhas Maya 
Published: November 2022

Food products combine a variety of molecular architectures and physical phases
leading to the formation of unique structures responsible for specific textures and
mouthfeel. The food texture is mainly controlled by the molecular assemblies on a
different length scales from the molecular interactions and structural assembly to the
bulk network arrangement. These structures can be harnessed to improve food nutritional
value by replacing harmful ingredients, such as saturated fat, while maintaining
preferable textural attributes and consumer experience.The talk will focus on the
development, characterization and utilization of structuring methods to form new food
systems with unique nutritional and textural attributes. More specifically, the
combination of oil and water structuring approaches using proteins, polysaccharides, and
low molecular weight oil gelators to formulate gel system will be presented. The effect
of various preparation conditions will be presented with respect to stability and
hardness where a significant impact was related to the structuring agent concentration
and preparation procedure. Gel structural properties such as droplet size and
distribution was examined using confocal microscopy while the gel temperature depended
viscoelastic properties were determined using rheology. The Â effect of emulsifier HLB
value on the final gel properties was examined aiming to reveal the role of the
interface properties on the final gel functionality. A direct relation between the
interface content and bigel behavior was found, suggesting an effective way to rationaly
design bigels with specific bulk properties. Overall, bigel systems can enrich the
nutritional profile of high saturated fat materials aiming to improve the consumer
health and wellbeing, while maintaining consumption experience.