bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OFMSW fermentation with different inocula and its effects on methane production
Authors: Jojoa-Unigarro German Dimitriv , González-Marínez Simón 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thermodynamically, lactic acid and ethanol allow the best energy recovery among all common metabolites for methane production. The main objective of this work was to favor the fermentation of OFMSW for better lactic acid and ethanol production. First, OFMSW fermented with three different inocula: Naturally occurring microorganisms (NOM), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and UASB sludge. Second, methanization of digestates from the fermentations. OFMSW fermentation with NOM and UASB sludge + NOM mainly produces lactic acid; yeast fermentation mainly produces ethanol, lactic acid, and volatile fatty acids. Methane production increased with decreasing substrate concentration, and higher methane production was obtained with the digestate from NOM fermentation. Every one of the fermented digestates produced more methane than unfermented OFMSW. Higher concentrations of propionic and butyric acids were observed for higher digestate concentrations from yeast and NOM after 30-day methanization. Methane produced from unfermented OFMSW was not inhibited as propionic, and butyric acids concentrations were the lowest of all four cases.
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant during China’s largest outbreaks
Authors: Dai Yeyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A complete and accurate statistical analysis of cases of the contraction with the SARS-CoV-2, under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination, during the largest COVID-19 outbreaks driven by the Omicron BA.2 subvariant in China are given. Sars-Cov-2 is still new, and little is known about either its directions of variations or its laws of propagation. No country other than China has been able to disclose every case of infection in every epidemic or outbreak since April of 2020. Here, this study reveals that the BA.2 subvariant can still spread very fast and wide in areas with strict “dynamic zero-COVID strategy”[i] in China, that there exist cities twenty-fold differences in morbidity rates unrelated to any of the known factors contributing to incidence of infectious diseases, and that the Omicron BA.2 subvariant is unpredictable in its virulence, although its severity rate of symptomatic cases is low. This analysis provides first-hand original and valuable information for further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiological theory and mathematical models. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
In situ microcosm remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons: efficiency and impacts of nanozerovalent iron and activated carbon
Authors: Albarano Luisa , Toscanesi Maria , Trifuoggi Marco , Guida Marco , Lofrano Giusy , Libralato Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Activated Carbon (AC) addition is recently developed techniques applied for the remediation of sediments and aqueous solutions contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds. However, an important point that must be underlined consists in the possible occurrence of eco(toxico)logical secondary effects, especially when applied in situ. In this study, we investigated AC and nZVI as remediation methods in contaminated water and sediment, evaluating also their possible negative impact on marine crustacean Artemia franciscana. The results showed that the AC and nZVI efficiency removal were similar for both sediment and seawater; and the survival of both nauplii and adults was mainly impacted by nZVI than by AC. At the molecular level, the nZVI-addition induced variations in the expression of stress and developmental genes. In conclusion, these data suggest potential ecotoxicological effects of nZVI and stress the need for a detailed further investigation of secondary effects of this technique.
High performance stemming algorithm to handle multi-level inflections in Urdu Language
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Iqbal Sajid , Ilahi Manzoor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stemming is an essential step in varied Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. It is used to reduce different variants of the query words to a standard form to avoid the vocabulary mismatch issue in Information Retrieval (IR) systems. There are a lot of stemming algorithms in English language, but Urdu NLP still in its infancy. A stemmer develops and evaluates in a language cannot be efficiently used for other languages . Urdu has the highly inflected and complex morphological structure, and most of the current Urdu stemmers remove a few numbers of affixes and leads to inefficient results. In this context, according to the best of our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive effort towards the proposition and evaluation of a novel Urdu Text Stemmer (UTS) that cope with multi-level inflection and derivation forms in Urdu text. The experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme has been conducted on the text-based and words-based custom developed corpus. The proposed stemming technique is rigorously evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art stemming algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that UTS outperforms existing Urdu stemmers and achieves an accuracy of 94.92% and 91.8% on word and text corpus, respectively.
Transitory sustainability effects of behavioral changes: Benefits of COVID-19 lockdowns reversed over time, resulting in more forest fires in Amazon
Authors: Liu Wenman , Ibáñez Inés , Agrawal Arun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To control the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide deployed unprecedented policies. Mandatory lockdowns, mobility restrictions, and calls for social distancing and voluntary individual constraints were among the key interventions to reduce exposure risks. The resulting global reductions in human mobility constitute a massive natural experiment on whether and how changes in human activities affect natural ecosystems and sustainability. This analysis focuses on the relationship between human activities and tropical forest fires. Human activities contribute to forest fires, both directly and indirectly, threatening ecological, environmental, and climatic stability, as well as human health. Prior research of the effects of lockdowns on forest fires uses proxies for changes in human activities, e.g., covid cases and official lockdown dates. Our analysis relies, instead, on a direct indicator of human activity levels- the human mobility rate- to model the relationship between fires and reduced mobility and examine how fires patterns changed in Amazon basin countries during the initial COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 and thereafter. Our analysis reveals that constraining human mobility significantly reduced forest fires in the Amazon regions of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil during a brief initial period, but the effects dissipated after 30 days. After 60 days, the number of fires was higher than previous years’ average, controlling for environmental conditions. The unintended sustainability effects of behavioral changes after COVID-19 were short-lived and we document a compensatory effect that resulted in higher fire incidence. By highlighting how rapidly societies returned to business-as-usual practices, our analysis points towards the need for durable institutional and policy changes for effective shifts in human behaviors towards longer-term sustainability outcomes.
SARS CoV-2 Delta variant structural proteins: Homology with opportunistic bacteria
Authors: Khavinson Vladimir , Kormilets Dmitry , Maryanovich Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The capacity of SARS CoV-2 for immune evasion can be considered universally recognized. Coronavirus and human protein homology may be one of the mechanisms of immune evasion. Delta variant necessarily has structural features that explain its specific qualities. The aim of our study is to find out whether mutations in the structural proteins of Delta variant change its homology with proteins present in the human body, i.e. human, bacterial and dietary. Using bioinformatics tools we detected homology on the heptamer level between Delta variant structural proteins and human proteins as well as some opportunistic bacteria proteins of the upper respiratory tract, lung and gut. Delta variant spike (S) and membrane (M) proteins have a large number of similarities (homologous correspondences) with the listed proteins, with the S:Δ156,157;R158G mutation having the greatest amount. The reason why SARS CoV-2 Delta variant has specific characteristics, most importantly increased lethality, is most likely to be found in a mutation at positions 156–158 of spike protein.
Research on co-disposal and utilization of ferrous packaging containers contaminated with hazardous wastes by steel converter
Authors: WANG Yi , CHEN Junfu , Fu Benquan , ZHANG LEI , LIU Heng , HUANG Yanjun , SONG Guangsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The disposal of waste oil, paint and coating barrels (WOPCBs) after use is an ongoing social and environmental problem. A novel co-disposal and utilization method of WOPCBs has been proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional methods, the method presented takes full advantages of the production process and environmental protection facilities of steel converter, and has many advantages, such as a large disposal capacity, high incineration temperatures, thorough decomposition of organic compounds, low cost, easy operation, highly efficient and environmentally friendly. Results of industrial tests revealed that the addition of 180–540 kg WOPCBs for each furnace load(250 ton capacity per batch), none of the assessed pollutant discharge indices deteriorated, meeting the relevant national standards. Furthermore, WOPCBs were suitable for use as supplementary materials for scrap steel. Therefore, this study provides important insights for sustainable resource utilization from WOPCBs.
A preliminary exploration of pancreatic ferroptosis: Inhibition of ferroptosis alleviates pancreatic injury through the NLRP3 pathway in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Li Jie , Cheng Long , Ji Liang , Tang De-sheng , Yan Chang-sheng , Guo Xiao-yu , Cui Ji-tao , Cao Feng , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore whether ferroptosis exists in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the effect of iron ions on the NLRP3 pathway. Materials and Methods A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (control, AP, AP+2, 2'-bipyridyl). A total of 12 injections (caerulein, 50 μg/kg) were given at one-hour intervals. The mice in the AP+2, 2'-bipyridyl group were pretreated with 2, 2'-bipyridyl (20 mg/kg) for 1 hour and then injected with caerulein. The mice in the control group were injected with an equal volume of normal saline. All of the mice were killed one hour after the last injection. The pancreases were harvested for histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry analyses and western blotting. One-way ANOVA and Student’s t test were performed. Results The ferroptosis inhibitor 2, 2'-bipyridyl can prevent the accumulation of iron ions, reduce the formation of lipid peroxides and alleviate injury in the process of AP, and reduce pancreatic inflammation through the NLRP3 pathway. Conclusion This experiment revealed the presence of ferroptosis in AP. The application of 2, 2'-bipyridyl can obviously alleviate pancreatic damage through the NLRP3 pathway.
Machine Learning Techniques on Homological Persistence Features for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Rammal Abbas , Assaf Rabih , Gopil Alban , Vrabie Valeriu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The rapid evolution of image processing equipment and techniques ensures the development of novel picture analysis methodologies. One of the most powerful yet computationally possible algebraic techniques for measuring the topological characteristics of functions is persistent homology. It's an algebraic invariant that can capture topological details at different spatial resolutions. Persistent homology investigates the topological features of a space using a set of sampled points, such as pixels. It can track the appearance and disappearance of topological features caused by changes in the nested space created by an operation known as filtration, in which a parameter scale, in our case the intensity of pixels, is increased to detect changes in the studied space over a range of varying scales. In addition, at the level of machine learning there were many studies and articles witnessing recently the combination between homological persistence and concepts derived from these domains. On another level, prostate cancer is diagnosed referring to a scoring criterion describing the severity of the cancer called Gleason score. The classical Gleason system defines five histological growth patterns (grades). In our study we propose to study the Gleason score on some glands issued from a new optical microscopy technique called SLIM. This new optical microscopy technique that combines two classic ideas in light imaging: Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy and Gabor’s holography. Persistent homology features are computed on these images, we suggested interfering methods issued from machine learning to classify these images into their corresponding Gleason score. Machine learning techniques applied on homological persistence features was very effective in the detection of the right Gleason score of the prostate cancer in these kinds of images and showed an accuracy of above 95%.
The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) on Drug Tolerance, Mediated by Receptor Signaling, Signal Transduction and Intracellular Transport
Authors: Makvand Mina , Mirtorabi Seyed Davood , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Campbell Arezoo , Ahangari Ghasem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: In chronic drug abuse, opioidergic, dopaminergic signaling, and endocytosis are implicated in neural circuit disruption. We evaluate the impact of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) on opioid addiction.Method: The expression of dopamine (DRD1- DRD5) and opioid (mu-, delta-, and kappa) receptors, Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), Dynamin 1 like (DNM1L), and RAS-associated (RAB22A) genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from MMT (n= 40) and control (n= 40) were detected by qPCR. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) investigation into addiction-associated genes was performed to elucidate the possible pathways which may have an interference impact on the treatment of addiction.Results: We found that DRD1, DRD2, MOR, DOR, and KOR expressions increased, and the COMT and DNM1L expressions were decreased in MMT. A complex brain network orchestrated by three stages of interactions I) opioid receptors II) Dopamine receptors III) Intracellular vesicular transport (RAB22A), and synaptic vesicle recycling (DNM1L), involved which led to resistance. We elucidate possible pathways that may have an interfering effect on the opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies were performed on addiction-associated genes.Conclusion: We introduce Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling as a significant mediator in addiction and represent DRD2 as a potential therapeutic target for OUD. PPI downstream off-target stimulation may involve ERK activation. Thus, the use of novel agonists and antagonists, in combination with ERK inhibitors, may be of particular interest for future research in addiction treatment.
Simulation Design of A 4GHz Remote Control Broadband Omnidirectional Miniaturized Antenna
Authors: weiqiang ying , lingyan zhang , Shijian luo , cheng yao , fangtian ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In view of the complex requirements of the application environment, considering that the back transmission of PCB antenna will be blocked and the receiving range of cylindrical antenna is wide, an omnidirectional microstrip monopole antenna in S/C band is designed by combining printed circuit board and radiation vibrator;The standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2 between 3.45GHz and 4.75GHz. It is characterized by monopole E-plane pattern, gain variation range of 0.2~2.5DBI and good omnidirectivity.In this paper, the monopole application antenna is designed through full wave and circuit simulation, the best parameters are found, the theory is verified by experiments, and an omnidirectional antenna with good performance is designed.
Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared with Sucrose in Female Wistar Rat Promotes Concomitant Cerebral and Hepatic Injuries in Comparable clinical responses.
Authors: Mirzaei Roya , Bidgoli Sepideh Arbabi , Khosrokhavar Roya , Shoeibi Shahram , Ashtiani Hamidreza Ahmadi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The theta splitting function
Authors: Agama Theophilus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the Theta splitting function $\Theta(s+1)$, a function defined on the positive integers. We study the distribution of this function for sufficiently large values of the integers. As an application we show that

\begin{align}

\sum \limits_{m=0}^{s}\prod \limits_{\substack{0\leq j \leq m\\\sigma:[0,m]\rightarrow [0,m]\\\sigma(j)\neq \sigma(i)}}(s-\sigma(j))\sim s^s\sqrt{s}e^{-s}\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{e^m}{m^{m+\frac{1}{2}}}.\nonumber

\end{align} and that

\begin{align}

\sum \limits_{j=0}^{s-1}e^{-\gamma j}\prod \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\bigg(1+\frac{s-j}{m}\bigg)e^{\frac{-(s-j)}{m}}\sim \frac{e^{-\gamma s}}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{e^m}{m^{m+\frac{1}{2}}}.\nonumber

\end{align}
PCR-SSP detection of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 gene polymorphisms and their correlation with gastric and esophageal cancer in Lianyungang Han population
Authors: Zhu Qing , Liu Liping , Li Na , Chen Huimin , Fang Yewei , Wang Fang , Wang Lei , Shang Qingyi , Liang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms are associated with digestive tract tumors. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to detect ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 based on PCR-SSP. The polymorphisms of rs1229984 and rs671 were detected in a Lianyungang Han healthy population; we further investigated the correlation between the distribution of the two SNPs in patients with gastric and esophageal cancer.Methods: We enrolled 200 healthy Han blood donors from Lianyungang Central Blood Bank in Jiangsu Province, and 50 patients with gastric cancer and 50 patients with esophageal cancer from the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Tumor Hospital). Mismatched bases were introduced near the 3' end of the primer to increase PCR specificity. Polymorphisms of the two SNPs were detected by PCR-SSP. Standard plasmids containing SNP sites were synthesized by TA cloning. After fragment insertion was verified by sequencing, the limit of detections and detection specificities of PCR-SSP were studied. Finally, 10 samples were selected for sequencing. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS.Results: PCR-SSP was successful in the genotyping of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671. Gene sequencing demonstrated an accuracy of 100%. The limits of detection of rs1229984 AA and GG were 102 and 105 copies/μL, respectively, while the LODs of rs671 AA and GG were 103 and 106 copies/μL, respectively. The specificities of rs1229984- A-R, rs1229984-G-R, and rs671-A-R were 100%, while rs671-G-R was very weakly interfered by alleles. The frequencies of rs1229984 AA, AG, and GG genotypes in healthy subjects were 42.5%, 53.5%, and 4%, respectively, and the frequencies of rs671 AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 1%, 26.5%, and 72.5%, respectively. Genotype analysis of these SNPs revealed that GG of rs1229984 is a risk genotype (p = 0.02) for esophageal cancer. Significant association was also observed between rs671 AA, AG, and the incidence of gastric cancer (p = 0.003, 0.016, respectively). Moreover, the gene frequencies of rs671AG were also statistically significant between esophageal cancer patients and healthy subjects (p = 0.000).Conclusion: We developed a method for the detection of rs1229984 and rs671 based on PCR-SSP. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were high, and operation of this method is simple and economical. We also identified the distribution of the gene polymorphisms in the Han population in the Lianyungang area, and found there was a significant difference in the gene distribution composition ratio between gastric cancer and esophageal cancer and the healthy control group.
Collaborating with transgender youth to train healthcare professionals: randomized controlled trial of a didactic enhanced by brief videos
Authors: Martin Andrés , Celentano Jillian , Olezeski Christy , Halloran Justin , Penque Brent , Aguilar Jemel , Amsalem Doron 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn collaboration with members of the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) community, we created a didactic resource about the unique needs of TGD youth. MethodsWe developed teaching materials enhanced by video clips of two TGD adolescents openly sharing aspects of their lived experience. We compared the video and no video conditions in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which participants were assigned to one of four parallel conditions: 1) a transgender [TgV] or 2) a cisgender [CgV] woman presenting with videos embedded into the presentation, 3) the same cisgender woman presenting without the videos [CgN], or 4) a no intervention control [NiC]. Our primary outcome was change in the total score of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Scale (T-KAB). ResultsWe recruited and proportionally randomized 467 individuals, 200 of whom completed ratings before and after the intervention: TgV (n = 46), CgV (N = 46), CgN (n = 44), and NiC (n = 64). Mean scores on all measures of TGD acceptance increased in the video group, compared to the no video group. Improvements persisted after 30 days (p < 0.01), except on perceptions about TGD family members. The three active intervention groups did not differ in efficacy.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical evidence that a well-informed presenter, regardless of their gender, can achieve similar improvements in perceptions and knowledge about TGD youth when using a resource that can be disseminated free of cost.