bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Pediatric Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chopra Parul , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Dagar Vikas Karamchand , Pandey Shivam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) is a major healthcare challenge in the pediatric age group affecting poor and deprived parts of our community. The main species that infect people are roundworm (AL, Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (TT, Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (HW, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of STH infections in India in the pediatric age group (< 18 years) and assess the risk factors associated with STH in this age group. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) up to February 16, 2021 with deliberate and inclusive search terms for original research articles estimating the prevalence of either of the three STH in India. Data extracted included individual prevalence of the three STH, prevalence of double or triple infections, and associated risk factors.We identified systematically 1,408 publications, of which 44 were included for the final analysis, including studies from 20 states covering 34,590 children. In our study, the prevalence of AL ranged from 0.8 to 91% with a pooled prevalence of 25%, prevalence of TT ranged from 0.3 to 72% with a pooled prevalence of 13%, and for HW prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 80% with pooled prevalence of 10%. Two most important risk factors with higher odds ratio were open defecation practices or open latrine (odds ratio: 5.2) and washing hands without soap using water only (odds ratio: 2.49). Knowledge of areas with high prevalence of STH and associated risk factors would help in designing effective control strategies in the high-risk groups to prevent infection and aid in a drastic reduction of morbidity in children.
Low-Dose Heparin Protocol in Type A Aortic Dissection Surgeries
Authors: Mavioglu Levent , Karahan Mehmet , Unal Ertekin Utku , Celikten Ayla Ece , Demir Asli , Iscan Hakki Zafer , Ozatik Mehmet Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective We aim to compare the heparin dose regimen in terms of bleeding, reoperation rate due to severe bleeding, and the amount of transfusion of the blood products in patients who underwent surgery for type A aortic dissection (TAAD).Materials and Methods Between January 2018 and August 2021, 90 adult patients who underwent for TAAD were included. Primary outcome measures were postoperative bleeding amount and blood product transfusion requirements. Two different protocols performed in TAAD surgery in our clinic. In this pre- and postimplementation study, before October 2019, the standard-dose heparin protocol (SH group) was used and after November 2019, the low-dose heparin protocol (LH group) was used and two groups were compared. Mechanical ventilation duration, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, postoperative drainage volumes, blood product transfusions, reoperations due to bleeding, and in-hospital mortality rates were recorded.Results The dosages of heparin and activated clotting time values, as well as the additional heparin requirement, were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001). Standard-dose heparinization was needed only in 33.3% of patients in the LH group. In the SH group, postoperative total drainage and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were significantly higher than the LH group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively).Conclusion We found that the low-dose heparin regimen resulted in significantly less postoperative total drainage and RBC transfusion requirement in patients who underwent for TAAD.
The effects of psychological capital on citizens’ willingness to participate in food safety social co-governance in China
Authors: Qin Ke , Chen Xiujuan , Wu Linhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychological capital (PsyCap) motivates citizens to actively participate in social affairs. This study aims to promote the application of the PsyCap theory in the field of public affairs and help promote the establishment of a food safety social co-governance system in practice. Based on a questionnaire survey of 752 urban citizens in Wuxi, China, this study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify citizens into three different latent groups from the perspective of PsyCap and its four-dimensional composition. The influence of PsyCap and its various dimensions on the willingness of citizens in different groups to participate in food safety social co-governance was assessed and compared using usefulness analysis. Results showed that citizens showed obvious differences in their PsyCap, which can be divided into low, medium, and high levels. All dimensions of PsyCap had an impact on willingness to participate, but the impact differed among groups. The overall PsyCap level had a greater impact on citizens’ willingness to participate than any single dimension. In the future construction of a food safety social co-governance system, different guidance and intervention strategies should be implemented based on the differences in PsyCap among different groups.
Design and experimental demonstration of a beam scanning lens antenna
Authors: Zhao Xu-hao , Liu Meng-qi , Sun Yun-fei , Xu Liang , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Cheng-Wei , Zhang Jian-de 
Published: August 2022

A beam scanning antenna based on an all-metal lens is presented for high-power microwave (HPM) application in this paper. This design includes a feed antenna and two layers of different all-metal lenses, whose prototypes operating at 14.25 GHz have been successfully designed and fabricated with an aperture radius of 300 mm. A full transmission phase range of 360° can be achieved with a transmission efficiency of over 99% by rotating the cross-slot on the lens elements. The results of the low-power tests depict that the designed antenna can realize a beam scanning range of 120° revolving cone angle with the side lobe below −10 dB and the reflection coefficient less than −16 dB. The high-power tests demonstrate that the power handling capacity of the antenna is higher than 350 MW in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). In addition, both the designed lenses have a bandwidth of more than 100 MHz. All the merits show that our designed all-metal lens antenna has a great potential to be applied in HPM systems.
Comment on ‘Maxwell’s equations and Lorentz transformations’
Authors: Redžić D V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aguirregabiria et al (2022 Eur. J. Phys. 43 035603) obtain the Lorentz transformations and the transformation equations for the electric and magnetic fields, and charge and current density, by restricting the principle of relativity to Maxwell’s equations in vacuum. We rectify and simplify their argument.
Electromicrofluidic device with integrated PDMS microchannel and laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical detection of cardiac biomarker in a point-of-care platform
Authors: Dudala Sohan , Dubey Satish Kumar , Javed Arshad , Ganguly Anasuya , Goel Sanket 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By providing a facile and scalable alternative to otherwise complex and resource-intensive synthesis of graphene, laser-induced graphene (LIG) is spearheading the translation of graphene-based propositions to deployable technologies for societal benefit. LIG is a versatile and economical synthesis approach which is being used on a variety of substrates and in a multitude of applications—including miniaturized sensing systems. One aspect that has not been addressed thoroughly in LIG-based miniaturized sensing systems is its successful integration with microfluidics and its possible use in point-of-care settings. To further diversify the applications of LIG with integrated microfluidics, this work reports on the development of an integrated flexible microfluidics-LIG based electrochemical biosensor. The work describes the methodology to develop a polydimethylsiloxane-LIG scribed polyamide microfluidic device in a leakage-free flexible application. In view of the excellent electrical and electrochemical properties of LIG, such device has been employed for electrochemical biosensing. The biosensing capabilities of the microfluidic device were validated via sensing of cardiac troponin I—a gold standard cardiac biomarker for early identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The developed biosensor demonstrated a detection and quantification limit of 45.33 pg ml−1 and 151.10 pg ml−1 respectively, which are in clinically significant ranges for diagnosis of AMI. The µ-fluidic biosensor was also analyzed for stability and interference with other cardiac biomarkers. The developed integrated µ-fluidic electrochemical biosensor was evaluated for possible point-of-source applications in conjunction with a custom 3D printed peristaltic pump and smartphone-enabled miniaturized potentiostat.
Dislocations in 4H silicon carbide
Authors: Li Jiajun , Yang Guang , Liu Xiaoshuang , Luo Hao , Xu Lingbo , Zhang Yiqiang , Cui Can , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Wang Rong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Owing to the superior properties of the wide bandgap, high carrier mobility, high thermal conductivity and high stability, 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) holds great promise for applications in electrical vehicles, 5G communications, and new-energy systems. Although the industrialization of 150 mm 4H-SiC substrates and epitaxial layers has been successfully achieved, the existence of a high density of dislocations is one of the most severe bottlenecks for advancing the performance and reliability of 4H-SiC based high-power and high-frequency electronics. In this topical review, the classification and basic properties of dislocations in 4H-SiC are introduced. The generation, evolution, and annihilation of dislocations during the single-crystal growth of 4H-SiC boules, the processing of 4H-SiC wafers, as well as the homoepitaxy of 4H-SiC layers are systematically reviewed. The characterization and discrimination of dislocations in 4H-SiC are presented. The effect of dislocations on the electronic and optical properties of 4H-SiC wafers and epitaxial layers, as well as the role of dislocations on the performance and reliability of 4H-SiC based power devices are finally presented. This topical review provides insight into the fundamentals and evolution of dislocations in 4H-SiC, and is expected to provide inspiration for further control of dislocations in 4H-SiC.
Transparent and broadband switchable absorber/reflector based on structured water medium
Authors: Li Huangyan , Feng Youyi , Yuan Hang , Zhao Minxin , Wang Yi , Cao Qunsheng , Costa Filippo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A reconfigurable absorber/reflector, which has optical transparency and broadband switching function, is developed based on structured water medium. The conductive indium tin oxide coating is deposited on a thin polyethylene terephthalate film to act as the reflective backplane. Pure water is encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane materials to construct structured water. The average optical transmittance is about 61.88%/56.44% in the visible spectrum of 380–760 nm with/without pure water. Based on the combination of the stacking technique and the super-element configuration, an obvious switching function from broadband absorption (12.47–28.43 GHz) to broadband reflection (12–30 GHz) can be attained under normal incidence through the injection and discharge of pure water. Besides, the broadband switchable characteristics of the proposed structure remain effective for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes when illuminated by oblique incident waves up to 45°. Moreover, the proposed switchable absorber/reflector shows good temperature stability and can work under different liquid temperatures. Furthermore, the excellent performance of the proposed design is demonstrated by both simulated and experimental results, exhibiting great potential as transparent smart windows in large-scale ground-based stealth systems.
Single transition metal atom stabilized on double metal carbide MXenes for hydrogen evolution reaction: a density functional theory study
Authors: Jin Di , Hou Pengfei , Liu Xiaochun , Tian Yumiao , Xie Yu , Du Fei , Meng Xing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Double metal carbide MXenes have received considerable attention for use in renewable energy storage technologies in recent years. Here, density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances of double metal carbide MXenes (Cr2TiC2O2 and the Mo2TiC2O2 monolayer (ML) modified by a single transition metal (TM) atom (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ir, Pt, Au, or Hg)). The thermodynamic stabilities of TM adatoms on pristine Cr2TiC2O2 and Mo2TiC2O2 MLs and defective Cr2TiC2O2 and Mo2TiC2O2 MLs with oxygen vacancies (denoted as TM-M′2TiC2O2−δ
, where M′ = Cr or Mo) were calculated, and the results indicated that the introduction of oxygen vacancies can increase the stabilities of TM adatoms. The TM modification on the MXenes surface tuned the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption

Δ

G
H, and the

Δ

G
H values of Au-, Co-Cr2TiC2O2−δ
, and Ni-Mo2TiC2O2−δ
closed to zero values (0.07, −0.07, and 0.02 eV, respectively). The presence of TM adatoms also changed the reaction mechanism of H2 desorption and reduced the activation barrier for H2 production to improve the catalytic efficiency. Nine TM-M′2TiC2O2−δ
systems were found to have both HER activity and a lower H2 desorption reaction barrier than the pristine MXenes. Systematic electronic structure analyses showed that charge rearrangement through TM modification could tune the number of electrons gained by the surface O atom and have an impact on the hydrogen adsorption strength. These results indicated that TM surface modification is an effective method for improving the HER catalytic activity of double TM carbides.
Carbon-based nanostructures as a versatile platform for tunable π-magnetism
Authors: de Oteyza Dimas G , Frederiksen Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emergence of π-magnetism in open-shell nanographenes has been theoretically predicted decades ago but their experimental characterization was elusive due to the strong chemical reactivity that makes their synthesis and stabilization difficult. In recent years, on-surface synthesis under vacuum conditions has provided unprecedented opportunities for atomically precise engineering of nanographenes, which in combination with scanning probe techniques have led to a substantial progress in our capabilities to realize localized electron spin states and to control electron spin interactions at the atomic scale. Here we review the essential concepts and the remarkable advances in the last few years, and outline the versatility of carbon-based π-magnetic materials as an interesting platform for applications in spintronics and quantum technologies.
Dipole-exchange spin waves in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic films and stripes
Authors: Hussain Bushra , Cottam Michael G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A spin-wave (SW) theory that includes the long-range dipole–dipole interactions is presented for monolayers of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets for which the magnetic ions lie on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. The dipolar interactions provide an additional anisotropy in these materials, along with the Ising exchange interaction and/or single-ion anisotropies that typically stabilize the two-dimensional magnetic ordering. Analytical results for the linearized SW energies are obtained for the ferromagnets in two geometries: complete films and finite-width stripes (or ribbons). In both cases it is found that the inclusion of the dipole–dipole interactions leads to a shift and sometimes a splitting of the magnetic modes in the vdW structure. Also, in the latter case, where the edges are assumed to be along the zigzag lattice directions, the dipole–dipole interactions are found to play a role, as well as the exchange interactions, in modifying the localized edge SWs. Numerical examples are given, including applications to the ferromagnet CrI3.
The young generation in radiation protection (IRPA YGN) in social media and online learning: ‘Brave New World’ or ‘Online Nightmare’?
Authors: Andresz Sylvain , Papp Cinthia , Clarijs Tom , Sakoda Akihiro , Sáez-Muñoz Marina , Qiu Rui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While online working seems to have become more common since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, social media has the potential to offer greater interactivity and networking capacities. Thus it seems relevant for the IRPA Young Generation Network to investigate the use of social media by members of the young generation in radiation protection (RP) through an online survey. It was also the opportunity to collect early feedback about on-line learning. The survey received 89 answers from 15 countries. The most commonly used social media platforms were first Facebook, then LinkedIn and Twitter, but other social media were reported. The respondents have a multi-objectives approach while on social media, using it for different purposes (chiefly for sharing news and RP related information/educational material) and different audiences (e.g. public, professional). Yet, they are making a very moderate use based on the frequencies of publication and consultation and the challenges they see in social media. The survey also collected the view of the young generation about their practical experience in learning in a virtual setting and its advantages and disadvantages vs. in-person learning. Most participants expressed mixed-feelings about on-line learning. The results show that the young generation can play a role in supporting the extra- and intra-communication activities of the RP community.
Multi-channel data fusion and intelligent fault diagnosis based on deep learning
Authors: Guo Yiming , Hu Tao , Zhou Yifan , Zhao Kunkun , Zhang Zhisheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In complex manufacturing systems, multi-channel sensor data are usually recorded for fault detection and diagnosis. Most existing multi-channel data processing methods adopt tensor analysis technology, which cannot effectively describe the temporal and spatial structures of the multi-channel data. The obstacles in multi-channel data analysis are the temporal correlation between the time-series data of the single-channel and the spatial correlation between different channels. In this paper, a novel deep convolutional neural network model is proposed for multi-channel data fusion and intelligent fault diagnosis. First, features of the multi-channel data are extracted from two scales. The extracted features are then fused through a multi-layer neural network. Finally, a classifier of fault modes is established by using the improved Softmax function. The fault diagnosis performance of the proposed model is evaluated and compared with other common methods in both the simulation studies and real-world case studies. Results show that the proposed methodology has superior fault diagnosis performance for multi-channel data.
Real-time observation of delayed excited-state dynamics in InGaN/GaN quantum-wells by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Udai Ankit , Ganguly Swaroop , Bhattacharya Pallab , Saha Dipankar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work employs femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast carrier dynamics of bound states in In0.14Ga0.86N/GaN quantum wells. The ground state (GS) dynamics usually dominate these characteristics, appearing as a prominent peak in the absorption spectra. It is observed that the excited state also contributes to the overall dynamics, with its signature showing up later. The contributions of both the ground and excited states in the absorption spectra and time-resolved dynamics are decoupled in this work. The carrier density in the GS first increases and then decays with time. The carriers populate the excited state only at a delayed time. The dynamics are studied considering the Quantum-Confined Stark Effect-induced wavelength shift in the absorption. The relevant microscopic optoelectronic processes are understood phenomenologically, and their time constants are extracted. An accurate study of these dynamics provides fundamentally essential insights into the time-resolved dynamics in quantum-confined heterostructures and can facilitate the development of efficient light sources using GaN heterostructures.
Interfacial engineering of 1D/2D heterostructured photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Qin Yimo , Wu Xin , He Kui , Li Xiaolong , Wang Juan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen generation is regarded as a sustainable strategy to relieve fossil resource issue. However, its PEC conversion efficiency still suffers from the low light absorption and high electron–hole recombination. Herein, we report 1D/2D hierarchical heterostructured photoelectrode constructed by ordered ZnO nanorod array and intimately attached ultra-thin Hematene (thickness of monolayer: 1–2 nm) for effective PEC water oxidation with visible light irradiation. The onset potential of Hematene/ZnO NRs photoanode (0.28 V versus RHE) for PEC water oxidation has an obvious negative shift compared with that of ZnO NRs (0.32 V versus RHE) indicating the enhanced PEC kinetics. Furthermore, reduced charge transport resistance (18.82 KΩ cm−2), a high carrier density of 9.03 × 1018 cm−3 and the resulting significantly enhanced incident photon-to-current efficiency enhancement compared with ZnO NRs photoanode were obtained for Hematene/ZnO NRs photoanode. All these were ascribed to the formation of large built-in electric field which was arising from the charge redistribution at the ZnO and Hematene interface, and the band alignment engineering between the components. In summary, such interfacial engineering may inspire the future development of 1D/2D hierarchical heterostructured photoanodes in the field of PEC water splitting.
Self-powered ultraviolet/visible photodetector based on graphene-oxide via triboelectric nanogenerators performing by finger tapping
Authors: Ejehi Faezeh , Shooshtari Leyla , Mohammadpour Raheleh , Asadian Elham , Sasanpour Pezhman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Self-sufficient power sources provide a promising application of abundant electronic devices utilized in detection of ambient properties. Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely investigated to broaden the self-powered systems by converting the ambient mechanical agitations into electrical voltage and current. Graphene oxide (GO), not only for sensing applications but also as a brilliant energy-related nanomaterial, provides a wide range of controllable bandgap energies, as well as facile synthesis route. In this study, GO-based self-powered photodetectors have been fabricated by conflating the photosensitivity and triboelectric characteristics of freestanding GO paper. In this regard, photodetection via TENGs has been investigated in two forms of active and passive circuits for ultraviolet (UV) and visible illumination. The photodetector responsivity upon UV enhanced from 0.011 mA W−1 for conventional GO-photoresistors up to 13.41 mA W−1 by active photodetection setup. Moreover, applying the active-TENG improved the efficiency from 0.25% (in passive TENG) to 4.21%. Our findings demonstrate that active TENGs might enable materials with insignificant optical response to represent considerably higher light-sensitivity by means of synergizing the effect of TENG output changes with opto-electronical properties of desired layers.