bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stochastic Schumacher diffusion process: Probability characteristics computation and statistical analysis
Authors: Nafidi Ahmed , AZRI Abdenbi EL , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Ramón 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The principal goal of this article is to establish a methodological approach to computational statistical analysis for a new inhomogeneous stochastic diffusion process with mean function corresponds to the Schumacher curve. Firstly, we analyse the principal probabilistic characteristics like the functions of the mean and the transition probability density of the process. So, the parameters estimation appearing in the current process are determined by the maximum likelihood approach with discrete sampling. Finally, so as to provide the performance of the proposed process, we will apply these computational statistical results to simulated data based on a discretization of the analytical expression of the processus by justifying the fit and prediction possibilities.
Evolución en la aplicación de la cláusula rebus en tiempos de la Covid-19
Authors: Cintora Egea María Cristina 
Published: June 2022

En el presente trabajo se realizará una aproximación a la figura de la cláusula rebus sic stantibus y el cambio jurisprudencial en su aplicación derivado de los cambios producidos por la crisis por la pandemia mundial de la covid-19.
Leyes de las evidencias, nuevas teorías
Authors: Velásquez Alemán Orlando Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

Alex Stein es parte de la facultad del “Brooklyn Law School” y en este artículo revisa y define algunos principios de la teoría de la evidencia para el “Common Law”. En este artículo se explica y justifica algunos de los principales principios de la teoría de las evidencias. Stein explica que la teoría general de la evidencia está relacionada directamente con la búsqueda de la verdad y sus principios se aplican para cada caso en particular, basado en la credibilidad de la historia descrita por las partes participantes de la disputa. Entre los principios más importantes tenemos al “principio económico”, el cual demanda el mínimo error posible al momento de valorar los hechos, el “principio de igualdad” que provee la protección máxima posible contra el riesgo de error en forma igualitaria para cada una de las partes. El autor critica con fundamentos validos estas nuevaspropuestas doctrinarias, llamadas por el autor “anti doctrinas” enfocadas en cambiar o reemplazar los principios básicos de las leyes de la evidencia dentro del sistema judicial norteamericano. Estas nuevas propuestas se basan en los siguientes principios: “economía (mínimo error), probabilidad (estadística) y moral”. El articulo hace referencia a los siguientes autores y sus teorías: Luis Kaplow y su teoría de la “carga de la prueba”, Daniel Kaheman y Amos Tversky “las probabilidades matemáticas son irracionales” y Ronald Dworking con su teoría: “diferencias entre riesgos de errores impuestos de forma accidental y deliberada”.
Budget Discussions of 1959 on the Axis of Power and Opposition
Authors: YILDIRIM KIRIŞ Özlem 
Published: June 2022

Bütçe hükümet ve hükümetlerin mali, iktisadi ve sosyal anlayışlarını yansıtan önemli bir vesikadır. Bütçe görüşmeleri, iktidar tarafından kaynakların kullanımına dair bilgi verilmesi, iktidarın sorumluluğunu kuvvetlendirmesi ve mali yapının şeffaf bir biçimde ortaya konulması açısından ilgiyle takip edilen bir süreçtir. Çalışmada TBMM’de 1959 yılı bütçe görüşmelerinde yaşanan gelişmeler değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı. İktidar ve muhalefetin bütçe ve bütçeye konu olan sorunlar üzerinden yaptıkları açıklama ya da eleştirilere değinildi. Demokrat Parti iktidarının son dönemine denk gelmesi nedeniyle 1959 yılı bütçe görüşmeleri, mevcut siyasi atmosferin tahlili bakımından daha önceki yıllarda ki bütçe görüşmelerinden ayrı bir öneme sahiptir.
Muhalefetin eleştirdiği konuların başında bütçe kaynaklarının doğru bir yöntemle kullanılmadığı ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan enflasyon meselesiydi. İktidar ise ortaya konulan projelerle, büyük işler yapıldığını ancak muhalefetin bunu görmezden geldiğini dile getirdi. Gelir ve gider hesapları, mevcut hükümetin takip edeceği iç ve dış politika, ekonomik ve idari işlere dair bilgiler vermesi açısından bütçe görüşmeleri hem iktidar hem de muhalefet tarafından yakından takip edilmiştir. Bütçe görüşmeleri sırasında iktidar ve muhalefete mensup milletvekilleri arasında zaman zaman tansiyon yükselmiş, sert taşmalar yaşanmıştır. Çalışmada muhalefet hangi noktalarda hükümeti tenkit etmiştir? ve iktidarın bu iddia ya da eleştirilere verdiği cevaplar nelerdir bunun üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada telif ve tetkik eserler başta olmak üzere, dönemin yerel basınında konu ile ilgili haberlere ve TBMM Tutanak Dergisine yer verilmiştir. 20 Şubat’ta başlayan 1959 bütçe görüşmeleri Mecliste yaşanan uzun tartışmaların ardından 1 Mart’ta 515 milletvekilinin 363 kabul, 1çekimser ve 151 ret oyuyla kabul edildi.
Structure and Function of Ligand CX3CL1 and its Receptor CX3CR1
in Cancer
Authors: Lu Xinjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand (CX3CL)1 (also known as Fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 (also known as G-protein coupled receptor 13) are expressed on the membranes of many different cells such as epithelial cells, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells and neurons. CX3CR1 is primarily expressed on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and natural killer cells. The binding of CX3CL1 to CX3CR1 induces the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins associated with this receptor. In addition, it triggers the signal pathways of MAPK and AKT, which play essential roles in tumour biology. Mechanistically, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has an antitumor role by recruiting antitumoral immune cells such as NK cells and T cells into the tumor microenvironment to control tumour growth. On the other hand, accumulated evidence indicates that the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis also activates a pro-tumoral response. This review will focus on the unique structural biology features of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 and their interactions in tumour inflammatory response as well as antitumor effects which highlights possible potential therapeutic targets.
SIMULASI DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TANAH MENYIMPAN AIR TERSEDIA DAN POTENSI PRODUKSI PADA TANAMAN KAKAO DI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Afifah Anis Nur , Prijono Sugeng 
Published: June 2022

Cocoa is one of the mainstay commodities of Malang Region, which is sensitive to climate change. This research aimed to simulate climate change and its impact on water availability for cocoa plants in Donomulyo, Dampit, and Kromengan of Malang Regency using a simulated water balance method with climate change scenarios based on predictions from Indonesia Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate change scenario consisted of an increase in air temperature of 0.5, 0.7, and 1°C, combined with changes in rainfall -5, -10, and -20%. Climate change impacted the air temperature increase at the earth’s surface followed by rainfall pattern changing, thus affecting the agricultural sector related to water needed increase and water availability decreased for plants. The results showed that along with the increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall, the water demand increased by 1.08-2.31%. The water availability in the soil decreased, followed by an increase in production reduction. The reduction in cocoa production occurred in each scenario with the highest percentage in scenario C9 (ΔT1⸰C, ΔH-20%). Production reduction results from not meeting the water needs of cocoa plants because it has a value greater than the ability to store water in the soil that occurs in several phases of cocoa plant growth, especially during the dry month period.
Identificación molecular de los tipos de compatibilidad en poblaciones de Podosphaera xanthii (Erysiphaceae) infectando cucurbitáceas en Veracruz, México
Authors: González Dolores , Gregorio-Cipriano Rosario 
Published: June 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La fase sexual de Podosphaera xanthii, reconocida por la presencia de casmotecios, se ha observado esporádicamente. La ausencia de uno de los tipos de apareamiento o de compatibilidad (TC) MAT1-1 o MAT1-2, o una proporción desigual, es la explicación más probable. En este trabajo se identificaron y cuantificaron los TC presentes en poblaciones de P. xanthii infectando cucurbitáceas en diversas localidades de Veracruz.
Métodos: Se hicieron preparaciones microscópicas para identificar y corroborar la presencia de casmotecios. Se extrajo ADN de 114 muestras recolectadas en diferentes localidades y especies hospedantes. La identificación de los TC se realizó mediante una PCR múltiple, usando oligonucleótidos específicos para los genes MAT1-1-1 (167 pb) y MAT1-2-1(228 pb) de P. xanthii. La amplificación de los genes se verificó mediante electroforesis. Las frecuencias de TC por campo de cultivo, estación del año, año de colecta y hospedante se analizaron usando χ2.
Resultados clave: Ningún espécimen presentó casmotecios. Sesenta y cuatro muestras amplificaron ambos idiomorfos, 34 sólo MAT1-2-1 y 16 únicamente MAT1-1-1. No hubo diferencias en la proporción de ambos TC en un solo campo de cultivo, estación del año o año de recolección. En contraste, la proporción de ambos TC por hospedante sí tuvo diferencias (χ2 = 16.856, p = 0.009). Esta relación sólo fue significativa en Cucurbita moschata con una mayor proporción de MAT1-1-1 (p = 0.002) y en C. okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii con una mayor proporción de MAT1-2-1 (p = 0.01).
Conclusiones: Ambos TC necesarios para la reproducción sexual de P. xanthii se encuentran en una proporción cercana al 1:1 en la mayoría de las poblaciones de Veracruz. Por lo tanto, la ausencia de casmotecios no parece estar relacionada con la falta de uno de los TC sino a diferentes factores que necesitan ser evaluados.
PHENOTYPE PATTERN OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF PARAOXONASE GENE (Q192RPON1) IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Gorshunska Maryana 
Published: June 2022

We studied the input of genetic and metabolic factors (PON1 gene polymorphism — Q192RPON1 genotype and glucolypotoxicity, respectively) to formation of enzyme functional characteristics in Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 31). Phenotyping of 79 blood samples was done by using PON1 rates of hydrolysis is of paraoxon (POase activity) and diazoxon (DZOase activity). POase activity was generally lower in diabetics than in control subjects. It was also found that against the background of conservation a determinant role of Q192RPON1 genotype for its phenotype the modulating impact of metabolic disturbances (a namely significant decrease in POase activity) was verified only in patients with QR genotype, which have been characterized significant more higher POase activity vs QQ genotype.On the other hand, there were diagnosed more pronounced hormonal-metabolic disturbances related to insulin resistance and oxidative stress in QQ homozygotes vs QR heterozygotes (increase in circulating leptin levels and decrease in erythocyte gluthathionperoxidase concentrations). We also confirmed that diazoxonase / paraoxonase activities index provides PON1 phenotype and genotype and an accurate inference of PON1 genotype. Both are important parameters for determining an individual’s PON1 status in Ukrainian Type 2 diabetes population.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOPINEALISM ON FEATURES OF THE LIVER STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT of ATEROGENIC DISLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Kuzminova I. A. , Kondakov I. K. , Galchinskay V. Yu. , Bondarenko L. A. 
Published: June 2022

The paper offers the results of research in matured male rabbits by keeping them in conditions of round-the-clock illumination during 5 months and / or on cholesterol diet. Long-time suppression of the melatonin-producing function of the pineal gland by means of light causes pronounced changes in the lipid metabolism and the use of light exposure to the animals against the background of the cholesterol diet significantly enhances and accelerates the development of biochemical changes in the lipid metabolism and causes the morphofunctional changes in the liver, leading in its gradually destruction.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION AND SOME METABOLIC PARAMETERS OF CASTRATED ANIMALS WITH TRANSPLANTATED OVARIAN TISSUE
Authors: Tischenko Ju. O. , Kiroshka V. V. , Bondarenko T. P. 
Published: June 2022

In this study we investigated the dynamics of the endocrine function and some metabolic indices of castrated animals with auto- and allotransplantation of matured ovarian tissue and neonatal ovaries for a long observation period. Auto- and allotransplantations of matured ovarian tissue were found to lead to the restoration of the sex hormone level and metabolic parameters in castrated recipient animals for a long period, whereas in the transplantation of neonatal ovaries the hormone substitution effect is observed only at the early stages after transplantation.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF FEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND THE FAT TISSUE FORMATION IN THE FEMALE RAT OFFSPRING OF MOTHERS STRESSED IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Sergienko L. Yu. , Perets O. V. , Kartavtseva O. V. , Bondarenko T. V. 
Published: June 2022

The study was aimed at investigation of distinctive features of feeding behaviour and fat tissue formation in the reproductive aged female rats whose mothers were stressed in the first tirm of the pregnancy. It has been shown that adult stressed offspring had higher body mass and the visceral fat tissue. The influence of stress factors in postnatal life resulted in the increased body mass and mesenteric fat weight along with the decreased food intake. It has been proposed that the neuroendocrine system change in the offspring of stressed mothers led to the change of the energy metabolism and the development of obesity
THE PROFOUND EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME PARAMETERS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE OF WHITE RATS
Authors: Trush V. V. 
Published: June 2022

In experiments on white rats it has been shown, that the single parenteral injections of dexamethasonein a dose of 2 mg/kg neither after 1 hour nor after 1 day following introduction have not influenced upon the power characteristics of the forward tibial muscle but promoted to the improvement of its speed characteristics and to a decrease in maximal steady capacity. The ability of the muscle to retain the amplitude of its contractions at the submaximal level following 1 hour after introduction of dexamethasone increased, while on the next day after introduction of the hormone it decreased. At the final stages of fatigue development the enhanceable fatigueability of muscle following 1 hour after introduction of dexamethasone has been observed, that kept saved and even increased on the next day after introduction of the hormone.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FOOD DEPRIVATION STRESS AND HYPOKINESIA UPON ANXIETY PARAMETERS IN FEMALE RATS OFFSPRING OF GESTATIONALLY STRESSED MOTHERS
Authors: Kartavtseva O. V. , Sergienko L. Y. , Perets O. V. 
Published: June 2022

The study is aimed at investigating of peculiarities of behaviour in the elevated plus-maze tests in the reproductive female rats whose mothers were stressed only in the first or both in the first and in the third trimesters of pregnancy. It has been shown that offspring of the mothers, stressed both in the first and in the third trimesters of pregnancy, demonstrate more significant changes in behaviour in basal state as well as after starvation and hypokinesia in comparison with the offspring of mothers which were normal or stressed only in the first trimester of pregnancy. The analysis of the indicatedchanges allows us to make a conclusion about the increased level of anxiety in the female rats — offspring of mothers stressed both in the first and in the third trimesters of pregnancy.
Target network of high-speed railway lines in Mazovia
Authors: Wójcicki Tadeusz 
Published: June 2022

High-speed rail (HSR) can bring rail back to an advantage over road and air transport in interurban passenger transport. For this reason, creating a coherent network of high-speed rail lines in Poland and Mazovia makes sense, and the first step in this direction should be the development of a target, comprehensive program for the construction of these lines. Meanwhile, the hitherto arrangements for the construction of HSR in the Mazovian region are fragmentary and controversial in many aspects. In this situation, this study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the findings of the existing HSR development plans in the region, to indicate other ways to solve the already detected weaknesses of these plans, to analyze and evaluate the basic decision-making alternatives, and to select optimal solutions for the Mazovia area. Currently, there are two HSR lines in Mazovia, leading from Katowice and Gdańsk towards Warsaw. Development plans provide for their further modernisation and extension to Warsaw and also provide for the creation of two more lines from Białystok and Łódź to Warsaw. At the same time, the planning documents do not include the construction of HSR exit lines from Warsaw in other geographic directions, although there are also many large cities in these directions. In order to determine whether this omission is justified, the author made a simplified analysis of the passenger traffic generation population for all possible exit directions from Warsaw to other cities, the conclusions of which lead to the legitimacy of supplementing the HSR network in Mazovia with four additional lines from Terespol, Lublin, Kielce and Toruń to Warsaw. Based on preliminary location analyses, the author stated that these additional lines should be essentially new routed lines independent of the existing conventional lines, and only for the Warsaw – Radom section it is possible to route the HSR line in the corridor of the existing conventional line there. There were no significant ecological and natural obstacles in the construction of these lines identified. The author supports creating a strictly radial system of HSR lines with a midpoint in the centre of Warsaw, which will be in accordance with the central role of Warsaw in the agglomeration. He considers the plans to build a “second Warsaw” at the planned Solidarity Transport Hub – STH (Centralny Port Komunikacyjny – CPK) unrealistic and calls for a return to the old concept of the Central Airport (Centralny Port Lotniczy – CPL) with rail services based only on one or two HSR lines.
Anesthesiologists With Advanced Degrees in Education: Qualitative Study of a Changing Paradigm
Authors: Aggarwal Anuj , Hess Olivia , Lockman Justin L , Smith Lauren , Stevens Mitchell , Bruce Janine , Caruso Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Background
Anesthesiology education has undergone profound changes over the past century, from a pure clinical apprenticeship to novel comprehensive curricula based on andragogic learning theories. Combined with institutional and regulatory requirements, these new curricula have propagated professionalization of the clinician-educator role. A significant number of clinician-educator anesthesiologists, often with support from department chairs, pursue formal health professions education (HPE) training, yet there are no published data demonstrating the benefits or costs of these degrees to educational leaders.

Objective
This study aims to collect the experiences of anesthesiologists who have pursued HPE degrees to understand the advantages and costs of HPE degrees to anesthesiologists.

Methods
Investigators performed a qualitative study of anesthesiologists with HPE degrees working at academic medical centers. Interviews were thematically analyzed via an iterative process. They were coded using a team-based approach, and representative themes and exemplary quotations were identified.

Results
Seven anesthesiologists were interviewed, representing diverse geographic regions, subspecialties, and medical institutions. Analyses of interview transcripts resulted in the following 6 core themes: outcomes, extrinsic motivators, intrinsic motivators, investment, experience, and recommendations. The interviewees noted the advantages of HPE training for those wishing to pursue leadership or scholarship in medical education; however, they also noted the costs and investment of time in addition to preexisting commitments. The interviewees also highlighted the issues faculty and chairs might consider for the optimal timing of HPE training.

Conclusions
There are numerous professional and personal benefits to pursuing HPE degrees for faculty interested in education leadership or scholarship. Making an informed decision to pursue HPE training can be challenging when considering the competing pressures of clinical work and personal obligations. The experiences of the interviewed anesthesiologists offer direction to future anesthesiologists and chairs in their decision-making process of whether and when to pursue HPE training.
The Effectiveness of No­Till Sowing and Minimal Tillage in the Cultivation of Corn for Grain
Authors: Fedorenko V. F. , Petukhov D. A. , Sviridova S. A. , Yuzenko Yu. A. , Nazarov A. N. 
Published: June 2022

It was noted that technologies of direct sowing No-till and sowing with minimal soil tillage Mini-till play an increasing role in transferring crop production to a new technological level. The comparison of the efficiency of cultivating corn for grain when using different tillage and sowing technologies revealed the inconsistency of the scientific research results.Research purpose To compare the cost-effectiveness of two technologies for cultivating corn for grain: Mini-till and the traditional one. (Materials and methods) The advantages and disadvantages of the traditional cultivation of corn for grain were considered in comparison with No-till and Mini-till sowing.Results and discussion The authors carried out field studies of the technology based on minimal tillage and minimum organic fertilizers and used for seven years in Derevyanko V.I. peasant farm (Krasnodar Krai). As a result, the operational and technological performance indicators were determined for Optima TFmaxi direct seeder aggregated with John Deere 8310RT tractor and other machines used for the main technological operations. The volumes of technological materials used were determined. A systematic analysis of the economic efficiency sources was carried out at two levels: machine and tractor fleet, technology in general.Conclusions It was determined that compared to the traditional technology, Mini-till ensures a 49-percent decrease in the labor intensity of mechanized operations, though results in a 1-percent increase in fuel consumption and a 69-percent rise in unit operating costs, which is, though, offset by a 3-ton-per-hectare, or a 43-percent, increase in the productivity of corn for grain.