bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
معوقات استخدام بعض طرائق التدريس الحديثة من وجهة نظر معلمي المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة المرج
Authors: موسى ايناس 
Published: April 2022

This study aims at identifying the obstacles of using modern methods of teaching "brainstorming method, cooperative teaching method, discussion method and dialogue" from the point of view of the third grade of secondary stage in Al Marj city, and knowing its level of prevalence and its use as modern teaching methods. to achieve this a component questionnaire was built of 31 paragraphs distributed in four dimensions of the first dimension for the teacher and the second dimension for the school and its system and the third for curriculum and the fourth for learner. The study sample consisted of 100 teachers selected according to percentage in specialization and gender. The data were analyzed by statistical methods. The study found that there is a difference in favor of the theoretical average and the actual rate in the level of obstacles special for the teacher reached (32.5), which means the level of obstacles is high in this dimension by weight (99%). In the second order for the school disability and there system by differences between the actual average and theoretical its value 25 and that the school system suffers in the third secandary school with a relative weight (98%). The third deals with the learner's handicap with differences between the theoretical and actual mean by (19), which means that there is a difference in favor of the average sample of the abstract theoretical mean by weight (77.8 %) The curriculum was ranked last with a theoretical and real mean (25) and a relative weight (53.8%). In the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended a set of elements to address these obstacles , must be care the competent authorities to work for Seminars and audiovisual programs and lectures on the importance of education and its role in the upbringing of the human personality and human development, and alerting professors and teachers of the need to move away from traditional teaching methods and attention to diversification in the use of modern methods in order to allow students to participate in learning and develop motivation and the desire to reading and research, as well as recommend that there be Positive cooperation between experts and educational mentors in the preparation of curricula in the light of the capabilities of the learner and the surrounding environment and the skills of the teacher and teaching aids, and also recommends the provision of the best modern technologies to help the student achieve the best achievement And it recommends the provision of teaching methods for the teacher to removeany obstacle to his educationa performance
أثر الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية على النواحي الحضارية والثقافية في شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى (القرن الرابع - القرن الخامس عشر الميلاديين)
Authors: عبدالله محمد د. صلاح الأمين , يونس حسن علي د. عزالدين , أبوبكر سليمان سالم د.عجائب 
Published: April 2022

للمسيحية تأثير حضاري مُعقّد يشمل مجالات الحضارة كافة؛ حيث لعبت الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية دورًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل أسس وسمات النواحي الحضارية والثقافية في الجزء الشرقي من الإمبراطورية. إذ أثرّت الكنيسة بشكل كبير على المجتمع الشرقي وفي جميع مجالات الحياة بما في ذلك الحياة السياسية، والقانون، واللغة، والأدب، والشعر، والموسيقى، والعلوم التطبيقية. حيث تلونت طريقة التفكير الشرقي تحت تأثير الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية ما يقرب ألف سنة من تاريخ العصور الوسطى. ويشير كثيراً من الباحثين إلى دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية الرائد في رعاية وتطوير العلوم، وتقديم الرعاية الطبية والخدمات الاجتماعية. كما كان لها تأثير واضح في العمارة فقد أنتجت كنائس لا يزال بعضها قائمًا بين مآثر وروائع الهندسة المعمارية الأكثر شهرًة في الحضارة. وكان دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية في الحضارة متشابكًا بشكل معقد في تاريخ وتشكيل أسس المجتمع الشرقي، وكان جزء كبير من تاريخ الكنيسة مرتبطًا بالغرب. وأصبحت المسيحية في عام 380م الديانة الرسمية للإمبراطورية البيزنطية، فشاركت بشكل معقد في السياسة الأوروبية ولا يزال تأثيرها السياسي راسخ حتى اليوم في العالم الغربي.
الهجرة الداخلية في ليبيا مدينة بنغازي
Authors: مختار العماري د.محمد 
Published: April 2022

تعد الهجرة الداخلية في ليبيا ظاهرة قديمة ولكنها زادت بعد اكتشاف النفط واستغلال عائداته في التنمية, مما نتج عنه أقاليم جذب سكاني وأقاليم طرد. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج التاريخي والوصفي المقارن والأساليب الكمية بين فترات العقود الماضية. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج منها:

1. شكلت مدينتي بنغازي وطرابلس ما نسبته 73%من جملة المهاجرين خلال فترتي الخمسينات والستينات, بينما كانت مدينتي الخمس وغريان الأكثر طردا للسكان.
2. اعلي حركة هجرة لمدينة بنغازي كانت في السبعينات من مصراته بنسبة 7% ويليها الجبل الأخضر 17.5%.
3. أما الهجرة المغادرة من مدينة بنغازي فبلغت 33% إلى مدينة مصراته واقل نسبة إلى مدينة غريان5 %.
4. العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتعليمية هي العوامل المحركة لهذه التيارات المهاجرة.
5. بلغت فئة الشباب ما نسبته 72% من حركة المهاجرين داخليا, ونسبة المتزوجين 7% من هذه الحركة.

وتوصى الدراسة بضرورة توفير قاعدة بيانات لتقدير حجم الهجرة, وبتوفير الخدمات التعليمية في المناطق الريفية لان اغلب حركة المهاجرين كانت لغرض الدراسة, كما توصى بتوزيع المشاريع التنموية بين أقاليم البلاد بصورة عادلة لتحقيق التوازن بين المناطق الريفية والحضرية.
الأخطار الجيومورفولوجية في الدنمارك
Authors: صالح الصادق الجيلاني د.الصيد 
Published: April 2022

تنبعث الغالبية العظمى من المخاطر في الدنمارك من تآكل الساحل والفيضانات بالمناطق المجاورة للبحر بسبب امواج المد، كما أن العواصف الرملية وزحف الرمال تشكل هي الأخرى تهديدا في اثناء فترات حدوثها، اما فيضانات مياه الانهار فهي قليلة الحدوث. تغطي الرواسب النهر جليدية أغلب الأر اضي الدنماركية، وهذه الرواسب سهلة التآكل والنحت بواسطة الأمواج والتيارات البحرية ، كما ساعدت النتوءات البحرية البارزة على الاستقرار النسبي لخطوط الشواطئ الرملية (مولرMoller ، 1984). وعلى أية حال فإن السواحل الرملية وارتفاع اراضي الدنمارك القليل فوق مستوى سطح البحر يؤدى إلى تهديد اراضي الدنمارك بالفيضانات والتآكل الخطير للساحل. تحدث العواصف الرملية والترابية المؤثرة كل سنتين أو ثلاث سنوات تقريباً، حيث تنقل كميات كبيرة من الرواسب في أثناء حدوثها، ولكن بالنظر إلى انخفاض تكرارها نسبيا، يمكن اعتبارها من ضمن المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية قليلة الضرر.
التحقيق لمعنى مقاصد الشريعة
Authors: محمود حامد الفاخري د. رافع 
Published: April 2022

نبتغي في هذه الورقة تحديد معنى مقاصد الشريعة، وهي محاولة لضبط هذا الاصطلاح، من شأنها بيان ما يعد مقصودا للشرع من الخلق مما لا يعد كذلك. وهو أمر مفيد لبيان سماحة الشريعة الإسلامية، ومواطن التيسير ورفع الحرج فيها، وفتح باب الاجتهاد أمام أهله. وقد ظهر مدى التوافق بين معناها في اللغة وعند أهل الاصطلاح على اختلاف مشاربهم، كما تحقق القول بأنها المرجع الأبدي لاستقصاء ما يتوقف عليه التشريع والقضاء، وأنها لا يكتنفها غموض كالذي يكتنف القانون الطبيعي الذي لا يعرف له حد، ولكنها ذات معالم وصوى كصوى الطريق.
The Practice of Antibiotic Therapy of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in Russian Multidisciplinary Hospitals
Authors: Rachina S. A. , Zakharenkov I. A. , Dekhnich N. N. , Kozlov R. S. , Sinopalnikov A. I. , Archipenko M. V. , Gordeeva S. A. , Lebedeva M. S. , Portnyagina U. S. , Dyatlov N. V. 
Published: April 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. A timely start and an adequate choice of the initial antibiotic therapy (ABT) regimen are the key strategy for optimizing the prognosis in severe CAP.The aim was to study the practice of using systemic antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) in adults with severe CAP in multidisciplinary hospitals of the Russian Federation, as well as to assess compliance of initial ABT with current clinical guidelines.Methods. A prospective cohort study included adult patients with severe CAP hospitalized in multidisciplinary hospitals in 6 Russian cities during the period of 2014–2018. The adequacy criteria of the initial ABT for severe CAP were: the prescription of combination ABT, the compliance of the selected initial ABT regimen with Russian clinical guidelines, and the intravenous route of AMDs administration during the initial therapy. In addition, the frequency of using switch therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was assessed.Results. A total of 109 patients (60.6% men; mean age 50.8±18.0 years) were included in the study. Hospital mortality was 22.9%. In all cases, AMDs were prescribed within 24 hours after admission, antiviral drugs were used in 2.8% of patients. Levoﬂoxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate were the most commonly used AMDs (prescribed in 14.4%, 12.5%, 11.9% and 10.7% of cases, respectively). Initial combination ABT was prescribed in 50.5% of patients; in 80.2% of the cases, the medications were administered intravenously. The duration of treatment was 13.9±11.2 days. Initial ABT regimens complied with Russian Clinical Guidelines in 37.6% of cases. Switch therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was used in 11.9% and 3.6% of cases, respectively.Conclusion. Low adherence to Russian Clinical Recommendations regarding the regimens of initial ABT, as well as rare use of switch therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation were revealed.
Antibacterial Therapy of Patients With COVID-19 During The Outpatient and Hospital Stages
Authors: Karoli N. A. , Aparkina A. V. , Grigoryeva E. V. , Magdeeva N. A. , Nikitina N. M. , Smirnova N. D. , Rebrov A. P. 
Published: April 2022

Although antibiotics (AB) are ineﬀective for the treatment of COVID-19, they are often prescribed to patients with the novel coronavirus infection (NCV) for a variety of reasons. They include the diﬃculty of excluding bacterial co-infection at the ﬁrst contact with the patient, as well as the possibility of developing a secondary bacterial infection. The aim of the work is to assess the frequency and background of prescribing antibiotics to hospitalized patients with conﬁrmed COVID-19. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 160 hospital records of patients with conﬁrmed COVID-19, who were treated in various Infectious Diseases Departments during the period from September to October 2020, was carried out. The selection was done by the method of random sampling. The analysis did not include the records of patients admitted to the ICU for NCV. Results. Information about the appointment of antibacterial drugs before hospitalization was found in 109 patients, of which only 51 patients did not receive AB on an outpatient basis. The remaining 58 (53.2%) patients began taking ABs on their own or based on the recommendation of an outpatient doctor, including 31 patients who took two or more drugs (successively or simultaneously). The most commonly used antibiotics were: macrolides (37 patients), cephalosporins (24 patients), respiratory ﬂuoroquinolones (12 patients), and aminopenicillins (5 patients). On admission, AB was prescribed for almost all patients, except for one. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were: macrolides (61%), mainly azithromycin, and respiratory ﬂuoroquinolones (54.1%), mainly levoﬂoxacin. In most cases, these drugs were combined with 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins. Most patients received more than one AB: two drugs were prescribed to 86 (54.1%) patients, three — to 34 (21.4%) patients. AB therapy was carried out for a long time: the maximum number of days for macrolide administration (excluding previous AB therapy at the outpatient stage) was 16 days, respiratory ﬂuoroquinolones — 22 days,3rd generation cephalosporins — 19 days,4th generation cephalosporins — 17 days, carbapenems — 34 days. In almost 100% of cases, ABs were prescribed on the ﬁrst day of admission of patients, and their therapy continued until the patient was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion. The appointment of antibiotics at the hospital stage was established for the vast majority of patients in the absence of clear indications for their appointment. Such a frequent prescription of antibiotics is accompanied by a number of problems: immediate – side eﬀects of such therapy (for example, antibiotic-associated diarrhea), long-term — an increase in antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.
Neuroprotective Therapy for Neurological Complications of the Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Lukyanova Ju. L. , Lukyanov S. A. , Shapovalov K. G. 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 is a global contemporary issue. Acute hypoxic respiratory failure and associated multiple organ dysfunction are the basics of the new disease pathogenesis. An important characteristic of COVID-19 is the damage to the central nervous system, which determines the peculiarities of the clinical course. In the case of vascular complications (ischemic stroke, encephalopathy, delirium) the prognosis of the disease is more severe. The article presents the experience of a large Russian monohospital in observation and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and neurological complications. It also shows the prospect of neuroprotective therapy in this category of patients.
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Clinical Eﬀectiveness of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Patients With Spondyloarthritis (Preliminary Data)
Authors: Baranova M. M. , Muravyeva N. V. , Belov B. S. , Cherkasova M. V. , Verizhnikova Zh. G. , Korotaeva T. V. 
Published: April 2022

Background. Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used for the treatment of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) to eﬀectively control the activity of the disease. At the same time, the use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of developing infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which can be prevented by vaccination. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and clinical eﬃcacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) in patients with SpA. Material and methods. The study included 54 patients with SpA: 39 with ankylosing spondylitis, and 15 with psoriatic arthritis. Most patients had a history of two or more cases of lower respiratory tract infections, 2 patients reported a monthly exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, one patient reported the development of otitis every 2–3 months. 72% of patients received immunosuppressive therapy at the time of inclusion in the study. PPV-23 was administered in the amount of 1 dose (0.5 ml) against the background of ongoing antirheumatic therapy. The level of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was determined using the EIA PCP IgG kit (TestLine Clinical Diagnostics s.r.o., Czech Republic) at baseline, after 1, 3, and 12 months after vaccination. The tolerability of PPV-23, the eﬀect of vaccination on SpA activity (according to the dynamics of the BASDAI index), and the incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections were assessed. Results. The concentration of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was signiﬁcantly higher 1, 3, and 12 months after vaccination compared to baseline. There was no negative eﬀect of vaccination on the activity of SpA and the emergence of «new» autoimmune disorders. The vaccine was well tolerated by 76% of patients., Only one patient developed pneumonia during the observation period. Patients suﬀering from frequent sinusitis and otitis reported the absence of these infections after vaccination. Conclusions. Preliminary results of the study indicate suﬃcient immunogenicity, safety, and clinical eﬃcacy of PPV-23 in patients with SpA.
Phagocyte Activity in Response to Exposure to Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains
Authors: Kolenchukova O. A. , Belenuk V. D. 
Published: April 2022

The research focuses on the study of phagocyte activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils under the exposure to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The subjects of the research were represented by blood neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, isolated from healthy people, as well as methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S.aureus bacteria strains (MRSA and MSSA). Phagocytosis functions (phagocytic number and phagocytic index) were estimated by FITC-labeled bacteria. The analysis of stained cells was performed using FC-500 flow cytofluorimeter (Beckman Coulter, USA) for whole peripheral blood. Phagocytosis research resulted in the following findings. In response to MRSA, the percentage of neutrophils involved in phagocytosis and average number of bacteria being present inside the cells increase as compared to those within sensitive strains. In response to MRSA exposure, the phagocytic index is higher in monocytes with CD14+CD16¯phenotype. At the same time, phagocytic number is higher in non-classic populations of monocytes CD14+CD16+and CD14lowCD16+. Moreover, it should be noted that the classical type of monocytes CD14+CD16¯tends to be activated faster in regard to MRSA, but phagocytosis efficiency is lowered. Blood eosinophils also actively respond to MRSA. Thus, changes in functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils in peripheral blood were established during MRSA induction. The bacterial receptor apparatus changes due to the modification of cellular wall as a result of acquired resistance to antibiotics.
Mobile Genetic Elements of Prokaryotes and Their Role in the Formation of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Andryukov B. G. , Besednova N. N. , Zaporozhets T. S. 
Published: April 2022

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains in recent decades is an alarming trend and a serious challenge for the future of mankind around the world. The horizontal transfer and spread of antibiotic resistance genes among microorganisms through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), an extremely diverse group of prokaryotic mobilomas capable of moving DNA molecules intra- or intercellularly, aggravate the situation. MGEs play a central role in the phenotypic adaptation of bacteria, providing resistance to antibiotics and physical parameters of the environment, acquiring pathogenicity factors, and transforming metabolic pathways. However, the importance of MGEs is often overlooked when planning the strategies to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. The aim of this review is to brieﬂy characterize the main types of MGEs (plasmids, transposons, bacteriophages, integrons, and introns) involved in the formation of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, with an emphasis on the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In the ﬁnal part of the review, promising modern strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance based on the use of antiplasmid approaches and CRISPR/Cas technologies are considered.
Remettre à l’œuvre les processus du vivant. Repenser le lien de l’histoire humaine avec l’histoire naturelle : lectures croisées de Bergson et Ruyer
Authors: Boisseau Alexis , Tahar Mathilde 
Published: April 2022

« La crise écologique que nous traversons actuellement invite à reconsidérer la place de l’espèce humaine dans le monde vivant. Si la civilisation humaine repose de plus en plus sur un développement sans précédent de la technique, elle est confrontée aux impasses d’un interventionnisme technique incapable de résoudre les problèmes proprement biologiques et écologiques. À l’encontre d’une conception unilatérale de notre relation à l’égard des autres espèces, largement centrée sur la domination et l’exploitation, cette crise conduit à approfondir la notion d’ambivalence anthropologique. Si l’accès à un univers de sens et de valeur, rendu possible par la complexification de notre système nerveux et ainsi de notre psychisme, nous met à distance de la nature et du reste de la vie organique, nous sommes cependant le fruit d’une histoire naturelle qui nous dépasse et restons profondément dépendants des autres vivants. Notre ambition dans cet article est de creuser cette ambivalence à partir d’une interrogation sur l’histoire et, plus précisément, sur le rapport entre histoire humaine et histoire naturelle. Ce point de vue historique, nous l’héritons des réflexions de Bergson et de Ruyer qui nous amènent à défendre, sans contradiction, les deux thèses suivantes. Si, d’une part, l’inclusion de l’histoire humaine dans l’histoire évolutive doit nous conduire à prendre en compte notre profonde continuité et dépendance à l’égard du vivant, notamment dans les solutions que nous pouvons apporter à la crise actuelle, elle doit d’autre part nous inviter à envisager la spécificité humaine d’un retour collectif et critique sur nos pratiques dans la biosphère, retour qui pourrait changer le cours de l’histoire que nous construisons en commun avec le reste du monde vivant. Cela nous conduira à révéler et critiquer les présupposés théoriques et pratiques des solutions généralement envisagées pour faire face à l’urgence de la crise écologique et à souligner, en contrepartie, l’utilité des collaborations interspécifiques pour relancer des dynamiques évolutives que notre technique peut accompagner mais jamais remplacer. »
La nature et ses possibles. L’expérience humaine selon Whitehead
Authors: Debaise Didier 
Published: April 2022

« La philosophie de Whitehead se présente comme une vaste entreprise de refondation de la philosophie de la nature. Ce projet est annoncé dès les premières œuvres philosophiques de Whitehead, notamment Les Principes de la connaissance naturelle et Le Concept de nature et ne cessera d’être repris, transformé, amplifié dans les œuvres ultérieures, notamment Procès et réalité et La Science et le monde moderne . La nature n’y est plus pensée comme un domaine particulier, mais elle devient la matrice d’une reconstruction de toutes les catégories de la métaphysique et le lieu de toute expérience. Cette ambition impliquait de redéfinir la place de l’expérience humaine, à la fois entièrement située à l’intérieur de la nature et en même temps véritablement singulière. Cet article vise donc à interroger, à partir d’une interprétation de l’œuvre de Whitehead, la place de l’humain dans une philosophie de la nature. »
Simondon et les oiseaux de l’Apocalypse
Authors: Malaspina Cécile , Morelle Louis 
Published: April 2022

« La tradition a longtemps considéré l’homme comme une exception au sein de la nature, lui concédant le pouvoir de la dominer et le droit de l’exploiter à son avantage. Aujourd’hui, à l’inverse, l’homme n’occupe plus tant le sommet de l’ordre de la création que l’épicentre d’une catastrophe en cours. Une nouvelle innocence semble requise pour habiter plus harmonieusement la nature. Seulement, nous rencontrons ici un paradoxe, car c’est aussi l’ingénuité technique qui est chargée de surmonter la crise écologique. Dans le présent texte, nous tenterons de dénouer ce paradoxe par le biais des Deux leçons sur l’animal et l’homme de Gilbert Simondon, en revenant sur deux motifs qui s’opposent seulement en apparence : d’un côté, la vision démiurgique de l’homme comme grand artisan, ancrée dans le mythe platonicien du Timée , et de l’autre, la vision axiologique et éthique de l’homme, rendue emblématique par le sermon aux oiseaux de Saint François d’Assise. L’importance de la légende de Saint François d’Assise pour le canon apocalyptique du xiii ème siècle nous permettra de relier cette vision éthique au mythe platonicien, nous amenant, au final, à suggérer une alternative aux visions apocalyptiques de l’Anthropocène, appuyée sur l’originalité de la conception de la nature dans la pensée simondonienne. »