bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi hijack a ubiquitous plant apoplastic endoglucanase to release a ROS scavenging β-glucan decasaccharide to subvert immune responses
Authors: Chandrasekar Balakumaran , Wanke Alan , Wawra Stephan , Saake Pia , Mahdi Lisa , Charura Nyasha , Neidert Miriam , Poschmann Gereon , Malisic Milena , Thiele Meik , Stühler Kai , Dama Murali , Pauly Markus , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlant pathogenic and beneficial fungi have evolved several strategies to evade immunity and cope with host-derived hydrolytic enzymes and oxidative stress in the apoplast, the extracellular space of plant tissues. Fungal hyphae are surrounded by an inner insoluble cell wall layer and an outer soluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix. Here, we show by proteomics and glycomics that these two layers have distinct protein and carbohydrate signatures, and hence likely have different biological functions. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) β-1,3-endoglucanase HvBGLUII, which belongs to the widely distributed apoplastic glycoside hydrolase 17 family (GH17), releases a conserved β-1,3;1,6-glucan decasaccharide (β-GD) from the EPS matrices of fungi with different lifestyles and taxonomic positions. This low molecular weight β-GD does not activate plant immunity, is resilient to further enzymatic hydrolysis by β-1,3-endoglucanases due to the presence of three β-1,6-linked glucose branches and can scavenge reactive oxygen species. Exogenous application of β-GD leads to enhanced fungal colonization in barley, confirming its role in the fungal counter-defensive strategy to subvert host immunity. Our data highlight the hitherto undescribed capacity of this often-overlooked EPS matrix from plant-associated fungi to act as an outer protective barrier important for fungal accommodation within the hostile environment at the apoplastic plant–microbe interface.
Occupational prestige and job satisfaction in high-stress public safety work
Authors: Mumford Elizabeth A , Alfaro Hudak Katelin , Liotta Madeleine M , O’Leary Meghan S , Ramey and Sandra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many factors play into public safety officers’ levels of stress, with relevance to community relations and public safety. This study examined perceptions of occupational prestige, job satisfaction, and resilience, drawing on a sample of 68 officers from two US municipal police agencies and one county jail. Focus group findings about the prestige of public safety work indicated that although officers were aware of—and sometimes adversely affected by—the negative public narrative and perceptions of information asymmetry, many also reported on positive interactions with the local communities that they served. Findings about job satisfaction illustrated officers’ pride in their performance but awareness of the need for resiliency and coping strategies in the face of occupational and administrative stressors and impact on their personal lives. Given the current broader discourse about criminal justice professions, attention to officers’ perceptions of their work is an important input to both policy and public safety.
The new Polish family foundation: legal framework and tax considerations
Authors: Krzywański Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 2021, the Polish authorities published a draft Act on Family Foundations. This new legal construct, created as a combination of solutions functioning in various European countries, is aimed at facilitating succession into Polish family businesses. In addition, due to preferential taxation, it may turn out to be an attractive alternative for families from other Central and Eastern European countries. The purpose of this article is to summarise the most important, currently available information about the draft of the new law.
A review of train passenger safety—Inspiration from passive safety passenger protection technology of automobile
Authors: Xu Ping , Xiao Xianliang , Yao Shuguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A train collision accident will cause many casualties, so the passive safety protection of the train occupants is very important. The purpose of this article is to obtain recommendations on the research directions of train passenger safety by comparing the passive safety protection of passengers in the fields of automobiles and trains. First, we analyse the collision standards and regulations of automobiles and trains and summarize the content related to the passive safety protection of occupants. Then, based on an extensive literature review, the development status of passive safety protection for automobiles and trains is analysed from three aspects: interior, human characteristics and passenger posture. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations on passive safety protection of train passengers are put forward. The protection method provided by automobile interiors is mainly restraints, while in trains it is mainly separation. For human characteristics, in addition to male and female, the elderly, obese and children are also studied in the automobile. As for posture, the automobile mainly focuses on the posture in reality and future automated vehicles, while in train, there is more research on lateral passengers and standing passengers. Although the protection of automobiles and trains is different, for the passive safety protection of train passengers, the design of automobile interiors can be used for reference to reduce passenger injuries. In addition, human characteristics and posture have a great impact on passenger injury, which should be considered in the passive safety protection of trains.
Older Age Discrimination at Work: Not So Weak and Feeble
Authors: Marchiondo Lisa A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In their focal article, Murphy and DeNisi (Murphy, K. R., & DeNisi, A. S. [2021]. Do age stereotypes predict per­sonnel decision? The state of the evidence. Work, Aging, & Retire­ment. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waab019) contend that older age stereotypes do not appear to meaningfully shape organizational decisions in ways that disadvantage older workers. My commentary centers on several issues: (1) a critical assessment of effect sizes, including their labels (e.g., small, medium, large), practical significance, and compounding impact, and (2) consideration of targets’ perspectives of ageism, including Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports and self-report surveys, which provide important insight into the frequency and manifestation of workplace age discrimination. These issues challenge the notion that age stereotypes have minimal effects on the treatment of older workers. Three calls for future research are provided to guide readers in advancing scholarship on age stereotypes and discrimination.
Fluorescent Imaging as a Component of Diagnosing Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Case Report
Authors: MacLeod Brett G. , Klarich Carissa S. , Wessman Laurel L. , Gaddis Kevin J. , Konstantinov Nikifor K. , Wubben Angie , Melin M. Mark 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
A 64-year-old White woman was admitted to the hospital with complaint of progressive right hip ulceration at the wound site following a total right hip arthroplasty. Initial history and physical examination gave a leading differential diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Until recently, the exclusion of infection for pyoderma gangrenosum has been largely clinical and supported by cultures/biopsies demonstrating the absence of infection. The MolecuLight i:X (MolecuLight, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a novel bedside fluorescent imaging device capable of determining the bacterial burden within a wound in real time. Fluorescent imaging excluded infection at the initial visit, and debridement was avoided. Subsequently, pathergy was avoided as well. The patient was started on topical clobetasol with hypochlorous acid-soaked dressings. She also received 80 mg daily of prednisone and high-dose vitamin D3 (10,000 IU). Recovery was complicated by a deep tunnel along the incisional line at 3 months postdiagnosis, which required slowing of the prednisone taper and the addition of colchicine. Repeat cultures grew Parvimonas, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus species. Appropriate antibiotics were given. The patient was transitioned from prednisone to adalimumab and started on negative-pressure wound therapy. Negative-pressure wound therapy was discontinued at 5 months, and the wound resolved at 6 months.
Repositioning Strategies to Prevent Pressure Injuries in the ICU: Integrative Review on Implementation Factors
Authors: Everett Day Symone , Koirala Binu , McIltrot Kimberly 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To survey the literature to gain insight into nursing facilitators of and barriers to implementation of positioning/turning strategies to prevent hospital-acquired pressure injuries (PIs) in adult critical care patients.

DATA SOURCES
This integrative review surveyed literature across databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and through hand searching.

STUDY SELECTION
Key terms included “pressure ulcer” OR “pressure sore*” OR “pressure injur*” AND “patient positioning” OR “turn” OR “turning” OR “patient repositioning” AND “critical care” OR “intensive care unit*” OR “inpatient*” AND “prevent*.” Peer reviewed, English language articles published within the past 10 years were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria narrowed the database yield to 432 articles. After title/abstract and full text review, 11 articles were included.

DATA EXTRACTION
Articles were appraised using the PRISMA flow diagram and the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice appraisal tool. Data was extracted and major themes were identified.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The identified themes were synthesized into factors that facilitated or impeded the nursing implementation of turning/repositioning strategies to prevent hospital-acquired PIs. Facilitators were the use of verbal cues and alerts to improve compliance and nursing education on PI prevention. Barriers to successful implementation were increased nursing workload or burden, lack of staff, and perceived hemodynamic instability in ICU patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Future interventions can be tailored to mitigate barriers and reinforce facilitators to improve nursing compliance with repositioning/turning strategies. Increased compliance with these measures could aid in PI prevention in adult ICU patients.
Clinical Burden of Inpatient Wound Care in Internal Medicine Units During the First Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Nieto-García Leticia , Carpio-Pérez Adela , Moreiro-Barroso María Teresa , Ruíz-Antúnez Emilia , Nieto-García Ainhoa , Alonso-Sardón Montserrat 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To explore the clinical burden and epidemiologic profile of hospitalized patients with wounds during the first wave of COVID-19.

Methods
A retrospective and observational study was conducted to analyze the inpatient episodes of wound care in the University Hospital of Salamanca (Spain) during the initial COVID-19 crisis from March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2020. Data were collected from nursing care reports and clinical discharge reports. Included patients were 18 years or older, had a hospital length of stay of 1 day or longer, and were hospitalized in an internal medicine unit. Surgical and traumatic wounds and pediatric patients were excluded.

Results
A total of 116 patients and 216 wounds were included. The overall wound prevalence was 7.6%, and incidence was 3.5% in the internal medicine units. Pressure injuries (PIs) were the most common wound type, and patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher PI risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–4.0; P = .042). Significant differences in PI staging were noted: 83.2% of wounds in patients with COVID-19 were stages I-II versus 67.8% in patients without COVID-19; the probability of stage III-IV PIs among patients without COVID-19 was doubled (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.5; P = .009). The probability of acute wounds tripled in patients with COVID-19 (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.1–6.6; P < .001). Patients with COVID-19 also had longer mean hospital stays and higher ICU admission rates. No case fatality rate differences were observed.

Conclusions
In this context of clinical practice, protocolized assessment and implementation of preventive measures must be ensured among older adult populations, patients with associated comorbidities, and ICU patients.
The National Practitioner Database Malpractice Study of Severity of Alleged Malpractice Injuries Trends 2008–2018
Authors: Goode Victoria , Douglas Christian , Merwin Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

This research examined trends and severity of alleged injury in malpractice over a 10-year period. An understanding of the severity of patient outcomes is important to gauge improvements in care delivery.
Analysis of the National Practitioner Database (NPDB) investigated malpractice payments from 2008 to 2018 by physicians, advanced nurse practitioners, and registered nurses and assessed the relationship of years of practice on the severity of alleged malpractice injury.
Malpractice payments over the study period, primarily represented payments for significant permanent or major permanent injuries (25.97%) or death (32.74%). Claims overall have shown a decline, including claims by the severity of malpractice injury, for most outcomes. The clinicians represented in the NPDB with >15 years of practice have greater odds for severity of malpractice injuries classified as minor permanent injury and significant permanent injury than those clinicians represented in the NPDB with fewer years of practice. Top allegation categorizations for malpractice payment were diagnostics, treatment, and surgery related for 4 of the severities of alleged injury.
COVID-19 and Physician Assistant Faculty Burnout: A Year into the Pandemic
Authors: Garvick Sarah , Peacock Brian , Gillette Chris 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The psychological effects of COVID-19 have been extensive and have affected health care workers and educators alike. The aims of this study were to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted PA faculty and their attitudes toward work.

Methods:
Two quantitative, pre/post surveys were offered to 21 PA faculty at one institution prior to and then one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. PA faculty perceptions of workplace culture and burnout were included in the online surveys.

Results:
Data were collected on 17 PA faculty (81% response rate). There was a statistically nonsignificant decrease in faculty disengagement (2.1 v 2.1, p = 0.87) and a statistically significant increase in faculty exhaustion (2.2 v 2.5, p = 0.005). There were statistically significant increases in communication, value, job satisfaction, and wellbeing workplace items.

Conclusion:
As many workplace protocols remain changed as a result of COVID-19, institutions should monitor and adjust processes to reduce the risk of burnout for faculty.
Preoperative Peroneal Artery Perforator Mapping Using Indocyanine Green Angiography: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Fichter Andreas M. , von Bomhard Achim , Grill Florian D. , Georg Rali , Frohwitter Gesche , Kesting Marco R. , Kehl Victoria , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Ritschl Lucas M. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Perforator imaging is a prerequisite in preoperative planning of the peroneal perforator flap and the fibula skin island. Although reports indicate that indocyanine green angiography assessment method might be advantageous over conventional ultrasound-based techniques (i.e., Doppler and color duplex), in practice, clear evidence is lacking. Thus, a comparative assessment of the utility of indocyanine green angiography and ultrasound-based techniques in the identification of suitable lower leg skin perforators was performed.

Methods:
A prospective clinical cohort study with a series of 12 consecutive patients was conducted to assess indocyanine green angiography, Doppler ultrasound, and color duplex ultrasound techniques for preoperative perforator detection in the lower leg before free fibula flap harvest. Anatomical dissection served as a reference. Parameters measured were perforator spatial distance to the reference (precision), operative time expenditure, and ease of device usage for assessment/outcomes.

Results:
This study included 12 patients, with a total of 27 perforators. Exhibition of technique sensitivity and positive predictive values were as follows: indocyanine green angiography, 93 percent and 100 percent; Doppler ultrasound, 82 percent and 82 percent; and color duplex ultrasound, 89 percent and 86 percent, respectively. With regard to the indocyanine green angiography technique, the distance to the actual perforator location was significantly shorter, which aided detection and lesser time expenditure during operation.

Conclusions:
The indocyanine green angiography technique proved to have high precision, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and easy-to-use capabilities because of its exceptional spatial and temporal information, compared to the conventional, ultrasound-based techniques. Therefore, indocyanine green angiography is superior for preoperative perforator imaging of the lateral lower leg.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, II.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Burns
Authors: Chiu Yu-Jen , Huang Yu-Chen , Chen Tai-Wei , King Yih-An , Ma Hsu 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Severely burned patients are at high risk for cardiopulmonary failure. Promising studies have stimulated interest in using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a potential therapy for burn patients with refractory cardiac and/or respiratory failure. However, the findings from previous studies vary.

Methods:
In this study, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using standardized mortality ratios to elucidate the benefits associated with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with burn and/or inhalation injuries. A literature search was performed, and clinical outcomes in the selected studies were compared.

Results:
The meta-analysis found that the observed mortality was significantly higher than the predicted mortality in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (standardized mortality ratio, 2.07; 95 percent CI, 1.04 to 4.14). However, the subgroup of burn patients with inhalation injuries had lower mortality rates compared to their predicted mortality rates (standardized mortality ratio, 0.95; 95 percent CI, 0.52 to 1.73). Other subgroup analyses reported no benefits from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; however, these results were not statistically significant. Interestingly, the pooled standardized mortality ratio values decreased as the selected patients’ revised Baux scores increased (R = −0.92), indicating that the potential benefits from the treatment increased as the severity of patients with burns increased.

Conclusions:
The authors’ meta-analysis revealed that burn patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment were at a higher risk of death. However, select patients, including those with inhalation injuries and those with revised Baux scores over 90, would benefit from the treatment. The authors suggest that burn patients with inhalation injuries or with revised Baux scores exceeding 90 should be considered for the treatment and early transfer to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center.
Prognostic Potential of Postoperative 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Patients With High-Grade Glioma. Clinical Validation of FuMeGA Postoperative PET Criteria
Authors: García Vicente Ana María , Pena Pardo Francisco José , Amo-Salas Mariano , Villena Martín Maikal , López Menéndez Carlos , Soriano Castrejón Ángel María , Pérez-Beteta Julián 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG).

Methods
Patients with HGG who underwent preoperative and postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT were prospectively enrolled in the study. Postoperative MRI was classified as complete versus incomplete resection. Postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT was classified as negative (complete) or positive for metabolic residual tumor (incomplete resection) using a 5-point score system. The correlation of positive locations on PET/CT with the sites of subsequent tumor recurrence was evaluated. The concordance of postoperative imaging techniques (Cohen κ) and their relation with progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Results
Fifty-one studies, belonging to 47 patients, were assessed. Four patients underwent 2 postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT scans as they needed a second tumor resection for recurrence. In the follow-up, 42 patients progressed, and 37 died. Concordance between postoperative PET/CT and MRI assessment was poor. Resection grade on MRI did not show any significant association with prognosis. In multivariate analysis, only age and postoperative PET/CT showed significant association with progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03 [1.01–1.06, P = 0.006] and 1.88 [0.96–3.71, P = 0.067], respectively) and overall survival (HR, 1.04 [1.01–1.07, P = 0.004] and 2.63 [1.22–5.68, P = 0.014], respectively). Postoperative positive 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT locations correlated with the sites of subsequent tumor recurrence in 81.82% of cases.

Conclusion
Postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT seems superior to postoperative MRI in the outcome prediction of patients with HGG, outperforming it in the identification of the most probable location of tumor recurrence.
Pituitary Metastasis of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With High FDG Uptake on PET/CT Pituitary Metastasis of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Le Meur Coline , Campedel Luca , Kharroubi Dris , Amrane Karim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pituitary metastasis is a rare event, and the pituitary gland is an uncommonly involved location in patients with intracranial metastases as it accounts for only approximately 2% of malignant metastases. Here, the authors present the 18F-FDG PET study of a very rare case of relapsed non–small cell lung cancer, locally and with 1 pituitary metastasis, in a 75-year-old White woman with asthenia and diabetes insipidus. 18F-FDG PET and cerebral MRI were performed to guide the therapeutic strategy due to an atypical pituitary high FDG avidity.
A Frequently Missed Pulmonary Infarction
Authors: Ji Yu , Wang Yaru , Shao Chunchun , Cui Yong , Su Na , Shao Guangrui , Zheng Jingsong 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to summarize the clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of hilar tumor–induced pulmonary infarction.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with hilar masses who underwent FDG PET/CT scans between July 2015 and January 2021 and had complete clinical data. Pulmonary infarction was confirmed by concurrent chest CT and imaging follow-up or pathology.

Results
A total of 58 patients (mean age, 56 [SD, 13] years; 44 males) with 122 infarcts were included in the study. Hilar masses were mostly associated with small cell lung cancer (64%). The most common clinical manifestations were cough (64%) and hemoptysis (36%). Most patients (62%) had multiple pulmonary infarcts. The CT findings of pulmonary infarcts included the “Hampton hump” (48%) and patchy consolidation (52%). The density of infarcts included “bubbly consolidation” (61%) and “homogenous consolidation” (39%). The metabolic activity of 95 infarcts (78%) was higher than lung parenchyma, with the SUVmax of 3.3 (SD, 1.1). The metabolic patterns on PET/CT were “rim sign,” “mismatch between PET and CT,” and “no metabolism.” Pulmonary vein involvement was found in 25 patients (43%), pleural effusion in 22 patients (38%), and the pleural curvilinear sign in 8 patients (14%).

Conclusions
The clinical manifestations of hilar tumor–induced pulmonary infarction are not specific, and 18F-FDG PET/CT could be an effective diagnostic tool.