bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Impact of Operational Stress: The Relevance of Assessing Stress-related Health Across the Deployment Cycle
Authors: Wisén Niclas , Larsson Gerry , Risling Mårten , Arborelius Ulf 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mental health issues from intense or prolonged stress are a common concern in regard to military deployment. Deployments can objectively vary in stress exposure, but it is the individuals’ perception of that stress that affects sustainability, mental health, and combat fitness, which calls for the need of a protocol to evaluate and maintain a current estimation of stress impact. So, how can we assess the impact of stressors during different phases of deployment?

Materials and Methods
We used three psychological self-rating forms, the PSS14—Perceived Stress Scale, SMBM—Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure, and KSQ—Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, to measure the impact of stress before (T1), during (T2), and at homecoming (T3). We also wanted to see if T1 or T2 results could predict T3 results to be able to better prepare the homecoming program.The forms were handed out to Swedish soldiers deployed in Mali in 2017. The forms were collected as a way to assess the status of the mental health load at three timepoints based on the personnel function as a way to assess the current “psychological fitness level”.

Results
The results show that stress measured using PSS14 was high at homecoming. The same result was observed for SMBM. No measures from T1 or T2 could however predict the T3 results.

Conclusions
Taken together, we found that screening of all contingent staff is relatively easy and provides personnel with relevant data on mental health and stress at the current time. We also found that test results correlated between T1 and T2 but not with T3. This indicates that there might be different stressors that affect staff at different timepoints.
Genomic Signatures of Recent Adaptation in a Wild Bumblebee
Authors: Colgan Thomas J , Arce Andres N , Gill Richard J , Ramos Rodrigues Ana , Kanteh Abdoulie , Duncan Elizabeth J , Li Li , Chittka Lars , Wurm Yannick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Environmental changes threaten insect pollinators, creating risks for agriculture and ecosystem stability. Despite their importance, we know little about how wild insects respond to environmental pressures. To understand the genomic bases of adaptation in an ecologically important pollinator, we analyzed genomes of Bombus terrestris bumblebees collected across Great Britain. We reveal extensive genetic diversity within this population, and strong signatures of recent adaptation throughout the genome affecting key processes including neurobiology and wing development. We also discover unusual features of the genome, including a region containing 53 genes that lacks genetic diversity in many bee species, and a horizontal gene transfer from a Wolbachia bacteria. Overall, the genetic diversity we observe and how it is distributed throughout the genome and the population should support the resilience of this important pollinator species to ongoing and future selective pressures. Applying our approach to more species should help understand how they can differ in their adaptive potential, and to develop conservation strategies for those most at risk.
Methadone as First-line Opioid for the Management of Cancer Pain
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Adile Claudio , Ferrera Patrizia , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Ricci Marianna , Bonanno Giuseppe , Casuccio Alessandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of methadone when used as first-line therapy in patients that are either receiving low doses of opioids or none.

Methods
Patients with advanced cancer were prospectively assessed. Opioid-naive patients (L-group) were started with methadone at 6 mg/day. Patients receiving weak or other opioids in doses of &lt;60 mg/day of OME (H-group) were started with methadone at 9 mg/day. Methadone doses were changed according to the clinical needs to obtain the most favorable balance between analgesia and adverse effects. Edmonton Symptom Asssement Score (ESAS), Memorial Delirium Assessment Score (MDAS), doses of methadone, and the use of adjuvant drugs were recorded before starting the study treatment (T0), 1 week after (T7), 2 weeks after (T14), 1 month after (T30), and 2 months after (T60). Methadone escalation index percent (MEI%) and in mg (MEImg) were calculated at T30 and T60.

Results
Eighty-two patients were assessed. In both groups H and L, there were significant changes in pain and symptom intensity at the different times during the study. Adverse effects as causes of drop-out were minimal. Mean MEImg was 0.09 (SD 0.28) and 0.02 (SD 0.07) at T30 and T60, respectively. MEI% was 1.01 (SD 3.08) and 0.27 (SD 0.86) at T30 and T60, respectively.

Conclusion
Methadone used as a first-line opioid therapy provided good analgesia with limited adverse effects and a minimal opioid-induced tolerance.
Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on COVID-19 Severity in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Tan Ruoding , Yun Cindy , Seetasith Arpamas , Sheinson Daniel , Walls Robert , Ngwa Innocent , Reddy Josina C , Zhang Qing , Secrest Matthew H , Lambert Peter , Sarsour Khaled 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Amid continued uncertainty about the management of cancer patients during the pandemic, this study sought to obtain real-world data on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) before COVID-19 diagnosis and its association with severity and survival outcomes in cancer patients who contracted COVID-19.

Methods
Cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were identified from a large electronic health record database; those treated with ICIs before COVID-19+ diagnosis were matched in a 1:2 ratio to those not treated with ICIs, using a 2-step matching procedure. A descriptive analysis examined the difference in COVID-19 mortality (30-day and overall) and severity outcomes between the 2 cohorts, and overall survival was compared.

Results
Among 17 545 adults ≥18 years with cancer who tested positive for COVID-19 between February 20, 2020, and January 28, 2021, in the US, 228 ICI-treated patients were matched to 456 non-ICI-treated patients, comprising the 2 study cohorts. Clinical characteristics differed significantly between the 2 cohorts before matching, with metastatic disease, lung cancer, a history of smoking, and the presence of pulmonary comorbidities being more common in the ICI-treated cohort; after matching, the 2 cohorts were similar. There were no significant differences between the ICI-treated and non-ICI-treated cohorts for 30-day mortality (12.7% vs. 14.9%, P = .235), overall mortality (22.4% vs. 22.4%, P = 1.000), hospitalization (38.6% vs. 39.0%, P = .912), or emergency department visits (16.7% vs. 14.7%, P = .500). Overall survival was similar between the 2 cohorts.

Conclusion
This analysis adds to the clinical evidence base that use of ICIs before SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect COVID-19 severity or survival outcomes, supporting the continued use of ICIs in cancer patients during the pandemic.
Does Pain Medication Use Influence the Outcome of 8 Weeks of Education and Exercise Therapy in Patients with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis? An Observational Study
Authors: Koes Bart W , Chiarotto Alessandro , Thorlund Jonas Bloch , Grønne Dorte Thalund , Roos Ewa M , Skou Søren T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Patients with osteoarthritis are mainly managed in primary care settings and many patients use pain medication as symptomatic treatment. We investigated in OA-patients receiving an education and exercise program, the use and type of pain medication and its impact on outcomes at 3 months follow-up.

Design, Setting and Subjects
The design was a retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data from the GLA: D® registry. The study included 15,918 primary care patients.

Results
Among the included patients, 62% were pain medication users and 38% were non-users. Among the pain medications users, 35% were classified as paracetamol users, 54% as NSAID users, and 11% as opioid users. Medication users and non-users differed regarding a higher pain intensity, poorer physical and mental health. Pain medication use before and during the education and exercise program was associated with the pain intensity at 3 months follow-up. However, patients either using or not using pain medications improved over time, and the magnitude of the difference between patient groups was small (less than 10 mm on a 0–100 scale).

Conclusions
Pain medication use is weakly associated with outcome at 3 months follow up in OA-patients receiving an education and exercise program. Between-group differences, however, are small and probably not clinically important.
Exploring the Perceptual Effects of Uniforms and Accoutrements Among a Sample of Police Officers: The Locker Room as a Site of Transformation
Authors: Simpson Rylan , Sargeant Elise 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of officer appearance on public perceptions of police have been the subject of considerable scholarly attention. Little known research, however, has explored such effects on officers’ perceptions of each other. As part of the present research, we complement previous literature by testing the perceptual effects of uniforms and accoutrements among a sample of sworn police officers (N = 238) from the Queensland Police Service. Our results reveal that different types of attire (e.g. uniform or civilian), different styles of uniforms (e.g. light blue shirt or dark blue shirt), different accoutrements (e.g. high-visibility vest or sunglasses), and different bodily manipulations (e.g. sleeve tattoo) can impact officers’ perceptions of each other along various outcomes, including accountability, aggression, approachability, competency, friendliness, intimidation, professionalism, respectfulness, and trustworthiness. We discuss our results with respect to policing research, policy, and practice.
Dimensions of Formal Thought Disorder and Their Relation to Gray- and White Matter Brain Structure in Affective and Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Stein Frederike , Buckenmayer Elena , Brosch Katharina , Meller Tina , Schmitt Simon , Ringwald Kai Gustav , Pfarr Julia Katharina , Steinsträter Olaf , Enneking Verena , Grotegerd Dominik , Heindel Walter , Meinert Susanne , Leehr Elisabeth J , Lemke Hannah , Thiel Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Winter Alexandra , Hahn Tim , Dannlowski Udo , Jansen Andreas , Nenadić Igor , Krug Axel , Kircher Tilo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Factorial dimensions and neurobiological underpinnings of formal thought disorders (FTD) have been extensively investigated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, FTD are also highly prevalent in other disorders. Still, there is a lack of knowledge about transdiagnostic, structural brain correlates of FTD. In N = 1071 patients suffering from DSM-IV major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or SSD, we calculated a psychopathological factor model of FTD based on the SAPS and SANS scales. We tested the association of FTD dimensions with 3 T MRI measured gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) using regression and interaction models in SPM12. We performed post hoc confirmatory analyses in diagnostically equally distributed, age- and sex-matched sub-samples to test whether results were driven by diagnostic categories. Cross-validation (explorative and confirmatory) factor analyses revealed three psychopathological FTD factors: disorganization, emptiness, and incoherence. Disorganization was negatively correlated with a GMV cluster comprising parts of the middle occipital and angular gyri and positively with FA in the right posterior cingulum bundle and inferior longitudinal fascicle. Emptiness was negatively associated with left hippocampus and thalamus GMV. Incoherence was negatively associated with FA in bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, and positively with the hippocampal part of the right cingulum bundle. None of the gray or white matter associations interacted with diagnosis. Our results provide a refined mapping of cross-disorder FTD phenotype dimensions. For the first time, we demonstrated that their neuroanatomical signatures are associated with language-related gray and white matter structures independent of diagnosis.
Blood Vessel Resident Human Stem Cells in Health and Disease
Authors: Craig David J , James Aaron W , Wang Yiyun , Tavian Manuela , Crisan Mihaela , Péault Bruno M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The vascular wall is comprised of distinct layers controlling angiogenesis, blood flow, vessel anchorage within organs, and cell and molecule transit between blood and tissues. Moreover, some blood vessels are home to essential stem-like cells, a classic example being the existence in the embryo of hemogenic endothelial cells at the origin of definitive hematopoiesis. In recent years, microvascular pericytes and adventitial perivascular cells were observed to include multi-lineage progenitor cells involved not only in organ turnover and regeneration but also in pathologic remodeling, including fibrosis and atherosclerosis. These perivascular mesodermal elements were identified as native forerunners of mesenchymal stem cells. We have presented in this brief review our current knowledge on vessel wall-associated tissue remodeling cells with respect to discriminating phenotypes, functional diversity in health and disease, and potential therapeutic interest.
Breast Splint for Prevention of Nipple–areolar Complex Malposition after Direct-to-implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sowa Yoshihiro , Kodama Takuya , Fuchinoue Yuko , Inafuku Naoki , Terao Yasunobu 
Published: January 2022

Summary:
Breast reconstruction with immediate placement of breast implants (direct-to-implant methods) following nipple-sparing mastectomy has increased because of the low burden on the patient and good aesthetic results. However, nipple–areolar complex (NAC) malposition after this surgery remains a common complication that has yet to be entirely resolved. Here, we introduce an approach using Duoactive CGF to prevent postoperative NAC malposition. Immediate postoperative fixation of Duoactive CGF cranially to the NAC of the operated breast was applied for 2–4 weeks. This is referred to as a breast splint. In the study, nine patients who received breast splints and 15 patients who did not were enrolled. The NAC position on the splint-treated breast was compared with that on the healthy side within 6 months after surgery. A case with little visual malposition was defined as having a good outcome, based on the deviation in the cranial direction not exceeding the position of the contralateral NAC. Our preliminary data demonstrated that the rate of good outcomes was significantly higher (P = 0.028) in cases in which a breast splint was used, compared with those that were not treated with a breast splint (7/9, 78.8% versus 4/15, 26.7%). Postoperative application of a breast splint using Duoactive CGF is a simple and useful method to prevent NAC malposition after breast reconstruction, using a direct-to-implant method.
Hip resection arthroplasty for acute femoral neck fractures in the non-ambulator
Authors: Steelman Kevin , Bolz Nicholas , Fleming Jennifer , Vaidya Rahul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Hemiarthroplasty (HA) is the current standard of care for displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in non-ambulators. Despite excellent outcomes, arthroplasty-specific risks remain, including dislocation, implant failure, periprosthetic fracture and infection, and fat embolization syndrome. To eliminate the possibility of these complications, should non-ambulatory patients with acute, native hip FNFs be treated with simple hip resection arthroplasty (HRA) instead of HA?

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Large, urban level-1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Five non-ambulatory patients (6 hips) with acute, native hip FNF underwent femoral head and neck resection. Also, the most recent 10 FNFs treated with HA were also identified for comparison purposes.

Intervention:
HRA was performed via a Smith-Peterson approach with an oscillating saw or osteotome to complete the fracture or perform a fresh neck cut.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Outcomes included postoperative vs preoperative VAS pain scores and narcotics usage, and return to baseline functional status (sit up in bed or a chair postoperatively). Procedure time for HRA was compared with the 10 most recent patients with FNF treated with HA.

Results:
HRA resulted in decreased postoperative vs preoperative VAS pain scores (7.7 vs 3.3, P = .002), and decreased operative times (59.2 minutes for HRA, 111.8 minutes for HA, P < .001). All HRA patients had immediate return of baseline function.

Conclusion:
HRA offers shorter operative times when compared with HA, decreased postoperative VAS pain scores, and immediate return to functional baseline status without possibility of arthroplasty-specific complications. HRA may be an acceptable treatment option for FNFs in the non-ambulator.
Level of evidence: IV
Immunomodulation by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid treatment in older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arnardottir Hildur , Pawelzik Sven-Christian , Sarajlic Philip , Quaranta Alessandro , Kolmert Johan , Religa Dorota , Wheelock Craig E. , Bäck Magnus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with respiratory distress and systemic hyperinflammation. The primary objective of this single-blind randomized controlled proof-of-concept clinical trial was to establish the effects of intravenous (i.v.) omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) treatment compared to placebo on inflammatory markers in COVID-19, represented by leukocytes as well as inflammatory protein and lipid mediators. Here we also present an exploratory analysis of the mechanisms of action to elucidate the potential to resolve the COVID-19 hyperinflammation through interfering with lipid mediators. Inclusion criteria were COVID-19 diagnosis and clinical status requiring hospitalization. Randomization was 1:1 to a once daily i.v. infusion (2 mL/kg) of either n-3 PUFA emulsion containing 10g of fish oil per 100 mL or placebo (NaCl) for 5 days. Results from 22 older subjects (mean age 81±6.1 years) were analyzed. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly decreased after n-3 PUFA administration. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) -based lipid metabolite analysis established increased proresolving lipid mediator precursor levels and decreased formation of leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin diols by n-3 PUFA treatment. The mechanistic exploration revealed decreased immunothrombosis and preserved interferon-response. Finally, n-3 PUFA treatment may serve to limit cortisone-induced immunosuppression, including preserving leukocyte phagocytic capacity. In conclusion, i.v. n-3 PUFA administration was safe and feasible during hospitalization of multimorbid older subjects for COVID-19. The results identified n-3 PUFA treatment mediated lipid signature of increased proresolving precursor levels and decreased leukotoxin diols in parallel to beneficial immune responses. EudraCT: 2020-002293-28; clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04647604.
Estimating the state of the Covid-19 epidemic curve in Mayotte during the period without vaccination
Authors: Manou-Abi Solym , Slaoui Yousri , Balicchi Julien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study in this work some statistical methods to estimate the parameters resulting from the use of an age-structured contact mathematical epidemic model in order to analyze the evolution of the epidemic curve of Covid-19 in the French overseas department Mayotte from march 13, 2020 to february 26,2021. Using several statistic methods based on time dependent method, maximum likelihood, mixture method, we fit the probability distribution which underlines the serial interval distribution and we give an adapted version of the generation time distribution from Package R0. The best-fit model of the serial interval was given by a mixture of Weibull distribution. Furthermore this estimation allows to obtain the evolution of the time varying effective reproduction number and hence the temporal transmission rates. Finally based on others known estimates parameters we incorporate the estimated parameters in the model in order to give an approximation of the epidemic curve in Mayotte under the conditions of the model. We also discuss the limit of our study and the conclusion concerned a probable impact of non pharmacological interventions of the Covid-19 in Mayotte such us the re-infection cases and the introduction of the variants which probably affect the estimates.
Executive dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional examination in a population-representative sample
Authors: Hall Peter A. , Meng Gang , Hudson Anna , Sakib Mohammad N. , Hitchman Sara C. , McKillop James , Bickel Warren K. , Fong Geoffrey T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have documented reliable associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse cognitive impact in older adults. The current study sought to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptom severity are associated with cognitive dysfunction among young adults and middled-aged adults in the general population.MethodThe Canadian COVID-19 Experiences Project (CCEP) survey involves 1,958 adults with equal representation of vaccinated and vaccine hesitant adults between the ages of 18 and 54 years. The sample comprised 1,958 adults with a mean age of 37 years (SD=10.4); 60.8% were female. The primary outcome was symptoms of cognitive dysfunction assessed via an abbreviated form of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) and performance on a validated decision-making task.ResultsYoung and middle-aged adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection history reported a significantly higher number of symptoms of executive dysfunction (Madj=1.89,SE=0.08,CI: 1.74, 2.04;n=175) than their non-infected counterparts (Madj=1.63,SE=0.08,CI: 1.47,1.80;n=1,599; β=0.26,p=.001). Among those infected, there was a dose-response relationship between COVID-19 symptom severity and level of executive dysfunction, with moderate (β=0.23,CI: 0.003-0.46) and very/extremely severe (β= 0.69,CI: 0.22-1.16) COVID-19 symptoms being associated with significantly greater dysfunction, compared to asymptomatic. These effects remained reliable and of similar magnitude after controlling for age, sex, vaccination status, income, and geographic region, and after removal of those who had been intubated during hospitalization. Similar effects were found for the decision-making task.ConclusionsPositive SARS-CoV-2 infection history and COVID-19 symptom severity are associated with executive dysfunction among young and middle-aged adults with no history of medically induced coma. These findings are evident on self-reported and task-related indicators of cognitive function.