A települési zöldinfrastruktúra biztonsági kérdései
Authors: Dömötör Tamás 
Published: November 2022

Összefoglalás. Az ezredforduló időszakának egyik jelentős
felismerése, hogy nemcsak az ember-ember kölcsönhatást befolyásoló környezetet
és a környezet emberre gyakorolt hatását szükséges vizsgálni, de az ember
környezetre gyakorolt hatását is, amely végül visszahat ránk. Írásomban a
biztonság kérdését ezért egy tágabb kontextusban világítom meg: túl a
közbiztonság témáján, az ember és környezet kölcsönhatásának tükrében elemzem a
kérdést. A különböző környezetbiztonsági szempontokat témakörökbe rendszerezve
írom le. A hangsúlyt a környezeti kérdések, szempontok áttekintésére helyezem,
tudva, hogy az egyes tényezők összefüggenek, és a kölcsönhatások ismerete
javítja a beavatkozások hatékonyságát. A zöldinfrastruktúra fogalma ma még
kevéssé ismert, ezért szükséges a bevezetésben a fogalom ismertetése is.
Summary. One of the significant recognitions of the turn of the
millennium is that today it is not enough to analyse only the environment’s
influences on human: also the impact of humans on the environment has to be
examined. In my present paper, I shed light on the issue of security (and
safety) in a broader context. My analysis covers not only public security
issues, but also the interaction of man and his environment, focusing on the
toolkit of urban green infrastructure (UGI). The concept of green infrastructure
is still not well known today, so I considered it is necessary to define and
state this concept as an introduction.
I briefly describe the individual subject areas, which relate to SGI, and I put
them in a system. I sought only to review this system, knowing that the
individual factors are related to each other and interact when applied
together.
The first safety factor of the UGI is to ensure public safety. It plays an
important role in crime prevention, in terms of physical protection
(safeguarding), transparency of spaces and controllability. I classified the
issues of accident safety and comfort safety also as public safety. In the
former case, the biggest challenge is the contradictions of the spatial
relationship between the grey infrastructures and the UGI. In the latter case,
attachment to the place, clear spatial orientation, and perception of the owner
of the space/area can provide adequate security.
A second factor is helping climate security, in which UGI must play a decisive
role. The basis is a balanced settlement structure, the equipartition and
functional placement of green systems. The appropriate ratio of plant and water
surfaces balances the climatic extremes. The diverse application of land uses
and species ensures long-term stability. A strong UGI can be created by giving
rise to sufficient biological diversity, varied vegetation, and habitats. The
security of the system is further strengthened by the variety of space use and
the continuity of the green-blue network, the healthy growth and development of
the individuals is thus better ensured.
The third factor is the issue of health security. The role of UGI in maintaining
physical and mental well-being has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In
addition to individual access to clean air with adequate humidity, outdoor
exercise, and a stimulating, harmonious environment, community activities in the
green can also be an important healing tool. In addition, health risks (allergy,
disease-spreading animals etc.) in green spaces, must be also controlled.