bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A story of MiR-199a-5p in small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance
Authors: Li Hengli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a clinical dilemma in chemotherapy. Autophagy has been found to be involved in the MDR of cancers. We hypothesized that miR-199a-5p regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC by targeting autophagy. Methods We validated the MDR of H446/EP using CCK-8. We tested the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay and validated the association of miR-199a-5p and p62 in SCLC samples. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. Results H446/EP was resistant to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Exposure of cisplatin at 5 μg/ml for 24 hours increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells. The expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in H446/EP compared to H446. MiR-199a-5p directly targeted the p62 gene. The expression of miR-199a-5p and p62 were correlated in SCLC samples. In H446 and H69PR, the OE of miR-199a-5p increased LC3II/LC3I, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes, but not ATG5, while the KD of miR-199a-5p decreased p62, but did not affect LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, and the formation of autophagolysosomes. In H446/EP, the OE of miR-199a-5p decreased p62 only. Conclusions The regulation of p62-mediated autophagy by MiR-199a-5p was a potential mechanism of SCLC cisplatin resistance.
Detection of immune-related cells and genes in the glioma tumor microenvironment from the CGGA database using bioinformatics strategies
Authors: Liu Xudong , Yin JinYue , Liu Zhe , Fan Mengdi , Ma Ying , Zhang Yu , Peng Tao , Zhao Lijun , Fan Jinke , Wang Yafan , Li Rui , Zhao Xue , Cai Jiahuan , Song Xinqiang , Chen Yuxuan , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Glioma is one of the most common and aggressive types of primary malignant tumors in the neuroectoderm, with high mortality rates, and recurrence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have provided new insights in the treatment of tumors. Yet, there are still a lack of effective immune markers and therapeutic targets for glioma immunotherapy.Material and Methods: First, The data of glioma and corresponding clinical characteristics obtain from the CGGA database. Secondly, we calculated the abundance of immune cells for each sample by the CIBERSORT algorithm and then identified immune cells associated with survival by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Critical immune genes were identified naturally by differential gene analysis, functional enrichment analysis, protein interaction analysis, and co-expression analysis. Eventually, the TIMER database was used to analyze further the level of immune infiltration of key immune cells.Results: Here, we have discovered macrophages M0 and monocytes, are associated with the survival of glioma, and three immune genes associated with survival were also uncovered, of which BIRC5 is an immune gene-specific to monocytes. The BUB1B and NCAPH are immune genes specific to macrophages M0. Furthermore, three immune genes were positively correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells such as purity and dendritic cell and had a high response to anti-PD-1 treatment.Conclusions: In conclusion, we have identified macrophages M0 and monocytes, and three specific immune genes that may be of high research value in glioma immunotherapy. Our work may provide new research insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.
Socio-economic factors associated with the choice of community health workers as contraceptive providers in Rwanda
Authors: Muhoza Dieudonne Ndaruhuye , Ruturwa Daniel Sebikabu , Kabano Ignace Habimana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In 2008, Rwanda decided to enhance its community health program in order to further scale up the health system effectiveness. One of the components of the program is the community-based family planning. Between 2010 and 2015, the proportion of women using contraception from the community health workers (CHWs) increased threefold. This study aims at identify the socio-economic factors associated with the choice of CHWs as contraceptive providers in Rwanda in the period 2010-2015. Methods: The study uses a pooled dataset from the 2010 and 2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys. It is restricted to women in union aged 15-49 years. The dependent variable is the source of modern method used at the time of survey. Independent variables include demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and regional variable. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression are used to assess the association. Results: The results indicate that the choice of CHWs is negatively associated with socioeconomic factors (education, economic status, residence, etc) and varies with provinces. The propensities of referring to CHWs are significantly higher among women with no or low education (odds ratio [OR]: 3.76 and 3.80), women from poor or middle households (OR: 1.20, 1.27) or among those living in rural areas (OR: 1.04) than among women with high education, residing in rich households or in urban areas. The Northern Province has recorded the highest adhesion to CHWs (OR: 2.47), followed by the Eastern (OR: 1.88) and Southern (OR: 1.69). Conclusions: The community health program gained higher approval and adoption among the lower socioeconomic segments of the population. The combined effects of high contraceptive uptake from CHWs among the poor populations and rural residents and that of their predominant share in the total population enable to assume further decline of fertility in Rwanda.
ACT001 Inhibits TLR4 Signaling by Targeting Co-receptor MD2 and Attenuates Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Zhang Tianshu , Lin Cong , Wu Siru , Li Xiaodong , Peng Yinghua , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is a common and challenging neurological disease which remains poorly managed by currently available therapeutics. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) arises as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of ACT001 on TLR4 signaling and neuropathic pain. Methods Protein intrinsic fluorescence titration, saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and in silico simulation were performed to investigate the interaction of ACT001 with TLR4 co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2). Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were used to explore the effect of ACT001 on TLR4 signaling axis as well as the downstream cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The proinflammatory factor nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene-based fluorescent method. The effect of ACT001 on the mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds of rats were measured using the Von Frey test after chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced allodynia. Immunofluorescence was used to investigate the effect of ACT001 on activation of microglia and astrocyte. Results In vitro protein intrinsic fluorescence titration and STD-NMR showed the direct binding of ACT001 to TLR4 co-receptor MD2. CETSA showed that ACT001 binding affected the MD2 stability, which implies that MD2 is the endogenous target of ACT001. ACT001 docked into the conserved hydrophobic cavity and overlapped with the space of R2', R3 and R2'' chains of Lipid A in MD2, therefore hindering the binding of LPS to MD2. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that ACT001 binding decreased the percentage of hydrophobic area in the buried solvent-accessible surface areas of MD2 and rendered most regions of MD2 to be more flexible, which consistent with experimental data that ACT001 binding decreased MD2 stability. ACT001 retrained the activation of TLR4 signaling axes of NF-κB and MAPKs, therefore blocking LPS-induced TLR4 signaling downstream pro-inflammatory factors NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, systemic administration of ACT001 attenuated allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury and activation of microglia and astrocyte in vivo. Conclusions ACT001 is a novel TLR4 antagonist and could be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
An agent-based model to examine neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bhat Varsha , S Aditi Lakshmi , Muraly Abhinaya , Rao Pranathi , Chatterjee Jhinuk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is known to primarily cause mild to severe respiratory infections as well as chemosensory disturbances such as anosmia. Furthermore, it has been associated with the occurrence of neurological symptoms. In this study probable route of neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 from the olfactory epithelium to the central nervous system was suggested and an agent-based model has been developed using NetLogo 3D. A series of simulations were performed to analyze real-world infection patterns; based on these simulations, it was observed that there is a direct correlation between the age of the patient and the day of neuroinvasion onset.
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus Aureus in Non-treated Blood Using Mercury Immobilized on a Carbon Nanotube Biosensor.
Authors: Ly Suwyoung , Choi KwangJin , Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Kyung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus bacteria is a ubiquitous Gram-positive microorganism that causes of infections related to the sudden infant death syndromeObjectivesTo identify an effective diagnostic method for Staphylococcus aureus (SA), a voltammetric sensing probe was sought using mercury immobilized on a carbon nanotube sensor (MCN).Study designThe voltammetric MCN conditions were optimized through stripping and cyclic voltammetry. Diagnostic electrolyte was used on non-treated blood sera as an electrolyte solution.ResultsThe optimum cyclic and stripping analytical working range was 0.5-4.0 ml (3×10²~5×10²CFU/0.5mL) SA. The statistic relative standard deviation of 0.1-mL SA was observed to be 0.0078 (n = 5).ConclusionsUsing the optimum parameters, diagnostic application was performed in the direct assay of SA in non-treated human blood and patient sera.
Relativity and View Effects
Authors: Fischli Bernard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that it would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. An object has no speed limit due to gravitation but it is limited in speed with electromagnetism. Inertial behavior is examined. The equivalence principle does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity. Relativity impacts the energy formula of electromagnetism using the Lorentz factor which also introduces view effects that are optical illusions with no impact on energy.
Soluble OX40 is significantly increased in the serum of overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhu Yan , Hu Jingcheng , Lu Wen , Fu Nannan , Wang Qin , Du Xuan , Shi Bimin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Object: Our study mainly aimed to explore the presence of sOX40 in the peripheral serum of overweight and obese patients.Methods: 60 overweight and obese patients admitted to the endocrinology department of the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University were recruited into the study and divided into control group (25 participants) and T2DM group (35particpants) according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. The differences of general statistics, biochemical parameters, islet function and sOX40 were compared among the two groups. The associations between HbA1C and other parameters and the influences of various parameters on the severity of hyperglycemia were analyzed. Results: Serum levels of OX40 was significantly higher in T2DM group compared with control group(p＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that HbA1c was positively correlated to sOX40 and FBG and negatively correlated to BMI, 2hINS, FCP and 2hCP(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant positive influences of sOX40 and FBG on hyperglycemia in overweight and obese patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia in overweight and obese patients increased with sOX40. Higher sOX40 was the independent risk factors for hyperglycemia in overweight and obese patients.
Polypyrrole-based adsorbents for Cr(VI) ions remediation from aqueous solution: a review
Authors: Chigondo Marko , Nyamunda Benias , Maposa Munashe , Chigondo Fidelis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are principally responsible for the manifestation of toxic and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) triggering water pollution that threatens the environment and human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) restricts Cr(VI) ion concentration to 0.1 and 0.05 mg/L in inland surface water and drinking water, respectively. The available technologies for Cr(VI) ion removal from water were highlighted with an emphasis on the adsorption technology. Furthermore, the characteristics of several polypyrrole-based adsorbents were scrutinized including amino-containing compounds, biosorbents, graphene/graphene oxide, clay materials and many other additives with reported effective Cr(VI) ion uptake. This efficiency in Cr(VI) ions adsorption is attributed to enhanced redox properties, increased number of functional groups as well as the synergistic behaviour of the materials making up the composites. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 3.40–961.50 mg/g. The regeneration of Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbents was studied. Ion exchange, electrostatic attractions, complexation, chelation reactions with protonated sites and reduction were the mechanisms of adsorption. Nevertheless, there are limited details on comprehensive adsorbent regeneration studies to prolong robustness in adsorption–desorption cycles and utilization of the Cr(VI) ion-laden adsorbent in other areas of research to limit the threat of secondary pollution.
Rufino Tamayo
Authors: Torres Ana 
Published: February 2022

Es una idea común considerar a Rufino Tamayo como una figura precursora “del primer rompimiento con el arte nacionalista”. Aunque es notable una persistente transformación en sus pinturas, sobre todo en la década de los años cuarenta, es uno de los artistas que continúa con una búsqueda estética anclada en las raíces del México indígena. Su estilo “primitivo” que inicia desde los años veinte y que forma parte de la diversidad de propuestas pictóricas de entonces, no desaparece del todo. Lo mismo sucede con la relación entre mexicanidad y modernidad, temática que desarrolla a lo largo de su carrera artística.
Las diversas interpretaciones han abordado su historia como la de un pintor “marginado” e “independiente”. El “indio oaxaqueño” que triunfó en Nueva York y que no tuvo ningún apoyo ni contacto con el mundo artístico mexicano de los años veinte y treinta, por lo general sus pinturas han sido estudiadas desde enfoques formalistas sin tomar en cuenta los contenidos políticos y filosóficos; también ha sido considerado el decano de la llamada generación de la Ruptura. Si bien es cierto, Tamayo tuvo discrepancias con algunos de sus colegas considero que también es preciso contemplar sus afinidades. Ha sido un error separarlo del contexto artístico y político que le tocó vivir. Considero importante aclarar estas imprecisiones historiográficas que han provocado la construcción de un mito alrededor de su figura. Es por ello, que en este artículo me propongo estudiar su desarrollo artístico desde la perspectiva de la continuidad y no de la ruptura.
La enseñanza de la historia en un mundo globalizado
Authors: Gómez-Aguado Guadalupe 
Published: February 2022

Se ha dicho que en el contexto globalizado del siglo XXI las fronteras culturales tienden a desaparecer y las concepciones sobre el tiempo y la historia son iguales en todas partes. En ese sentido, en una realidad en la que el éxito económico se equipara con la felicidad y se busca la gratificación inmediata, la comprensión del pasado queda como una asignatura obsoleta que no tiene sentido en un mundo acostumbrado a la inmediatez.
Sin embargo, los seres humanos somos tiempo. El pasado está en nosotros, y nos explica y define. De ahí que la comprensión de la historia sea fundamental para entender, también, nuestra vida y los significados de la forma en que nos movemos y somos. El análisis de la época actual, en un contexto de globalización económica, así como los retos que implica la enseñanza de la historia hoy en día son el motivo de este artículo.
Konsep Karamah dalam Masyarakat Islam (Konstruksi dan Implikasi Sosial Keagamaan Kewalian Abu Ibrahim Woyla di Aceh)
Authors: Muradi Putri Nailul 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the construction and socio-religious implications of Abu Ibrahim Woyla in Aceh. The method used is qualitative with data collection through interviews and literature studies relevant to the research objectives. The results showed that the Acehnese acknowledged the existence of waliyullah in Islam, and they believe that Abu Ibrahim Woyla is a scholar close to Allah, so he has reached the "Waliyullah". The community's belief was driven by several extraordinary events in Abu Ibrahim Woyla, so Acehnese believed that these advantages were a spiritual value gift bestowed on him by Allah. People believe that the karamah on Abu Ibrahim Woyla is a sign of his guardianship. Abu Ibrahim Woyla never directly invited others to follow him. However, there are not a few people who want to follow in his footsteps to be able to stay Istiqomah close to Allah and His messenger.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi dan implikasi sosial keagamaan Abu Ibrahim Woyla di Aceh. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Aceh mengakui adanya waliyullah dalam Islam, dan mereka meyakini bahwa Abu Ibrahim Woyla adalah seorang ulama yang dekat dengan Allah, sehingga telah mencapai “Waliyullah”. Keyakinan masyarakat tersebut didorong oleh beberapa kejadian luar biasa dalam diri Abu Ibrahim Woyla, sehingga masyarakat Aceh percaya bahwa kelebihan tersebut merupakan anugerah nilai spiritual yang dianugerahkan Allah kepadanya. Orang-orang percaya bahwa karomah pada Abu Ibrahim Woyla adalah tanda perwaliannya. Abu Ibrahim Woyla tidak pernah secara langsung mengajak orang lain untuk mengikutinya. Namun, tidak sedikit orang yang ingin mengikuti jejaknya untuk bisa tetap Istiqomah dekat dengan Allah dan Rasul-Nya.
KAJIAN INTERTEKSTUALITAS PUISI NA>ZIK AL-MALA>`IKAH ‘ANA>’ DAN CHAIRIL ANWAR ‘AKU’ (Analisis Satra Bandingan)
Authors: Irwan Mus  , Berdan Aiyub 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang kajian intertekstualitas puisi Na>zik Al Mala>`ikah ‘Ana>’ dan Chairil Anwar ‘Aku’ menggunakan teori Satra Bandinga. Intertekstualitas terhadap kedua puisi di atas memiliki persamaan bedasarkan pencarian hakikat manusia yang ada dalam puisi ini adalah sebuah pencarian secara filsafati. Kajian intertekstualitas kedua puisi tersebut memiliki perbandingan dari segi persamaan dan perbedaan yang meliputi isi atau struktur batin dan struktur fisik. Perbandingan intertektualitas persamaaan dan perbedaan puisi kedua puisi tersebut dari segi isi atau struktur batin mencakup beberapa hal seperti: tema, nada, amanat, dan suasana. Sedangkan perbandingan intertektualitas persamaaan dan perbedaan puisi kedua puisi tersebut dari segi struktur fisik meliputi: kata konkret, bahasa figuratif (majas), dan tipografi. Dari segi budaya dan sejarah kedua puisi tersebut yang melatarinya dapat disimpulakan bahwa, pertama puisi Ana> ditulis oleh seorang satrawan kotemporer perempuan berkebangsaan Arab dari Irak sedangkan puisi Aku ditulis oleh sastrawan bekembangsaan Indonesia. Walaupun dari segi tema sama-sama berbicara mengenai perjuangan namun keduanya memiliki makna yang berbeda. Puisi Ana> karya Na>zik Al-Mala>`ikah memiliki makna perjuangan terhadap diri sendiri sebagai bukti jelas nampak pada lirik yang berbunyi ‘Aku tetap kontributor di sini’, sedangkan puisi Aku karya Chairil Anwar lebih berbicara kepada perjuangan membela negara melawan penjajahan, dan itu nampak pada lirik yang berbunyi ‘Biar peluru menembus kulitku’ ‘Aku tetap meradang menerjang’.
BAHASA DAN GENDER DALAM FILM: ATHIRAH (Sebuah Kajian Sosiolinguistik)
Authors: Rahma Salbiah  , Sumardi  
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Film Athirah adalah film yang berfokus pada peran Athirah sebagai tokoh sentral dengan latar belakang kebudayaan suku bangsa Bugis-Makassar. Penggunaan bahasa dalam film juga menjadi titik fokus dalam kajian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bahasa dan gender yang dituturkan oleh tokoh yang berperan dalam film ini. Menggambarkan faktor-faktor sosial dan budaya yang mempengaruhi penggunaan ciri kebahasaan mereka dan menggambarkan representasi gender yang tercermin dalam film. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data sumber penelitian ini adalah film Athirah yang dilihat secara random. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan catat yang dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian 1) menganalisis karakteristik kebahasaan tokoh utama laki-laki dan perempuan pada film Athirah(2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor sosial yang memengaruhi penggunaan karakteristik kebahasaan tersebut; dan (3) mendeskripsikan representasi gender yang tercermin dalam film tersebut tentang karakteristik kebahasaan.
SUDUT PANDANG TEMATIK DALAM PUISI “KITA ADALAH PEMILIK SAH REPUBLIK INI” KARYA TAUFIQ ISMAIL DAN “AT-TA’SYIIRAH” KARYA NIZAR QABBANI
Authors: Akmal Fajri  
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Dalam artikel ini bertujuan mengakat tentang tematik dalam puisi Kita Adalah Pemilik Sah Republik Ini karya Taufiq Ismail dan at-Ta’syiirah karya Nizar Qabbani. Dengan melihat unsur tematik dalam puisi tersebut guna melihat perbandigan antara kedua karya sastra tersebut. dengan mengunakan metode deskriptif analitik dan studi kepustakaan dalam memperoleh data serta pendekatan sastra bading. Adapun landasan teori yang digunakan adalah semantik F. De Saussere. Hal ini untuk memudahkan dalam analisis unsur tematik dalam puisi tersebut. juga memudahkan dalam melakukan sastra bading dalam karya puisi Taufiq Ismail dan Nizar Qabbani. Adapun hasil yang didapati bawah tema yang dianggkat dalam kedua puisi tersebut adalah tema nasionalisme dan juga terdapat tanda dan penanda dari sikap nasioanalisme yang digambarkan dalam puisi karya Taufiq Ismail dan Nizar Qabbani.
معنى الباء في ﴿ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ في ضوء كتاب "إعراب القرآن" لأبي جعفر النحاس
Authors: Aiyub Berdan  
Published: February 2022

ملخص البحث
هذا البحث المتواضع يتكلم عن بعض المسائل النحوية، وهو معنى الباء في ﴿ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ في ضوء كتاب "إعراب القرآن" لأبي جعفر النحاس. ويحتوى هذا البحث على المشكلتين، وهما: (1) ما معاني الباء المستعملة في اللغة العربية؟ (2). ما رأي أبي جعفر النحاس فى تحديد هذه المعانى في قوله تعالى: ﴿ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ مع اختلاف العلماء فيه ؟ ويهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عما يأتي: (1). معرفة معاني الباء المستعملة في اللغة العربية. (2). معرفة رأي أبي جعفر النحاس فى تحديد هذه المعانى في قوله تعالى: ﴿ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ مع اختلاف العلماء فيه
من نتائج البحث:

الباء حرف جر مختص، فلذلك يعمل، وهو ملازم عمل الجر. ولها معان كثيرة، منها: الإلصاق، والتعدية، والاستعانة وغيرها ...
وأما الباء في ﴿بِسْمِاللهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ زائدة عند أبي جعفر النحاس.
وأما غيره من النحاة فيرون أن الباء فيه إما للإلصاق وإما للاستعانة.