bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal monitoring of neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in a reintroduction
Authors: Marshall Imogen R. , Brauer Chris J. , Wedderburn Scotte D. , Whiterod Nick S. , Hammer Michael P. , Barnes Thomas C. , Attard Catherine R. M. , Möller Luciana M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRestoration programs in the form of ex‐situ breeding combined with reintroductions are becoming critical to counteract demographic declines and species losses. Such programs are increasingly using genetic management to improve conservation outcomes. However, the lack of long‐term monitoring of genetic indicators following reintroduction prevents assessments of the trajectory and persistence of reintroduced populations. We carried out an extensive monitoring program in the wild for a threatened small‐bodied fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) to assess the long‐term genomic effects of its captive breeding and reintroduction. The species was rescued prior to its extirpation from the terminal lakes of Australia's Murray‐Darling Basin, and then used for genetically informed captive breeding and reintroductions. Subsequent annual or biannual monitoring of abundance, fitness, and occupancy over a period of 11 years, combined with postreintroduction genetic sampling, revealed survival and recruitment of reintroduced fish. Genomic analyses based on data from the original wild rescued, captive born, and reintroduced cohorts revealed low inbreeding and strong maintenance of neutral and candidate adaptive genomic diversity across multiple generations. An increasing trend in the effective population size of the reintroduced population was consistent with field monitoring data in demonstrating successful re‐establishment of the species. This provides a rare empirical example that the adaptive potential of a locally extinct population can be maintained during genetically informed ex‐situ conservation breeding and reintroduction into the wild. Strategies to improve biodiversity restoration via ex‐situ conservation should include genetic‐based captive breeding and longitudinal monitoring of standing genomic variation in reintroduced populations.
Guideline based knowledge and practice of physicians in the management of COPD in a low‐ to middle‐income country
Authors: Ghimire Suraj , Lamichhane Anish , Basnet Anita , Pandey Samiksha , Poudel Nahakul , Shrestha Bhushan , Pathak Santosh , Mahato Gaurav , Shrestha Ram Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death, with 80% of the total death occurring in low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMICs). Nepal is one of the LMIC; COPD is a highly prevalent and significant public health issue often underdiagnosed. Medical physicians' good knowledge and practice to diagnose and treat COPD can help reduce the disease burden.ObjectivesTo determine the level of knowledge, practice and factors influencing the practice of physicians regarding COPD management based on GOLD guidelines.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was conducted among medical physicians working in Bagmati and Gandaki province of Nepal. Out of total scores, physicians knowledge and practice were graded according to Bloom's original cut‐off point for good (≥80%), satisfactory (60%–78%) and poor (<60%).ResultA total of 152 medical physicians participated in this study. Out of the possible total score 20, the mean score on knowledge was 17.8 ± 2.4, and out of possible total score eight, the mean score on practice was 5.3 ± 1.3. The correlation test between total knowledge and practice scores showed r = 0.18 and p value <0.02. The most selected factors hindering the appropriate management of COPD was lack of patient follow up and lack of professional training in COPD. Other factors included patient unwillingness to discuss smoking quit plan, lack of screening tool, unavailability of spirometry and physician unawareness of available medicine to treat COPD.ConclusionDespite physicians having good knowledge in COPD, the practice in COPD management is below guideline‐recommended. There is a significant, very low positive correlation between total knowledge score and practice score. Proper COPD training to physicians, disease awareness among patients, easy availability of diagnostic equipment and medication can help improve physicians' practice and appropriately manage COPD patients.
Flow cytometry in reactive lymph node aspirates: Evaluation of distribution of populations with immunophenotypic outliers
Authors: Goel Priyanka , Acharya Seema , Ahuja Sana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for lymphomas has markedly improved when used in conjunction with flow cytometry (FCM), especially to differentiate reactive lymph node aspirates from low‐grade lymphomas, a challenge for cytopathologists. Lymphoma diagnosis by FCM depends on detection of immunophenotypic B‐ and T‐cell outliers, also present in benign lymph nodes albeit in subsets of cells. These can mimic heterogenous populations obtained from lymphomas partially involving lymph nodes.MethodsIn the present study, FCM of fine needle aspiration/scrape material from 30 cases of benign lymph nodes was evaluated for the distribution of lymphoid populations and the presence and percentages of immunophenotypic outliers.ResultsThe majority of the samples were cervical nodes with all cases showing T‐cell predominance. CD5/CD19 co‐expression was seen in 23.94 ± 9.51% (20 cases) and CD10/CD19 co‐expression in 3.2%–20.2% (8 cases) of B‐cell events. None of these cases showed light chain restriction. Loss of CD7 (2%‐28.4%) and CD5 (12.7%) expression was seen in 17 cases and 1 case, respectively, of T‐cell events.ConclusionImmunophenotypic outliers suggestive of lymphomas could be seen in non‐lymphomatous lymph node aspirates in a subset of the cell population. However, they could be defined as benign due to absence of light chain restriction and normal CD4:CD8 ratios in all but one case, which was confirmed to be benign after clinical correlation and excisional biopsy. Thus, multiparameter FCM along with clinicoradiological correlation can prevent overdiagnosis of lymphomas.
Rapid niche shifts as drivers for the spread of a non‐indigenous species under novel environmental conditions
Authors: Pack Kathryn E. , Mieszkowska Nova , Rius Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimIdentifying niche shifts is key for forecasting future species distributions. Non‐indigenous species (NIS) are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, and understanding how niche shifts affect the spread of NIS is fundamental. Here, we modelled the native and introduced niches, as well as the potential geographical extent of a widely distributed NIS, the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas. We then tested for niche shifts in environmental space and predicted spread under contemporary climate change (CCC) conditions.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used: (1) the two‐dimensional Centroid shift, Overlap, Unfilling and Expansion (COUE) framework and (2) the n‐dimensional hypervolume framework (NDH) to quantify the niches in both analogue and total environmental spaces. Niches were tested for equivalency by comparing the observed and randomized overlaps. Ensemble ecological niche models (ENMs) were then used to predict habitat suitability for the present‐day and two future CCC scenarios.ResultsThe NDH framework indicated that the introduced niche of M. gigas has shifted into new environmental conditions compared to the native niche. In contrast, COUE framework implied no niche shift, but the first two dimensions only accounted for a small proportion of the overall environmental variability. Ensemble ENMs revealed suitable areas where M. gigas has yet to be recorded and predicted both a poleward expansion and a tropical contraction of suitable habitat for M. gigas by 2100.Main conclusionsWe found that M. gigas has rapidly shifted its niche in both analogue and non‐analogue environmental spaces since it was first recorded as introduced species over 50 years ago. Our results suggested that niche shifts facilitate both present‐day and future spread of NIS. Additionally, our study demonstrated the importance of modelling niche dynamics in multidimensional space for predicting range shifts of NIS under CCC.
Unboxing the Conference on the Future of Europe and its democratic raison d'être
Authors: Alemanno Alberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article situates the Conference on the Future of Europe within past attempts at reforming the Union by unpacking its democratic raison d'être and its experimental participatory architecture. After rehearsing the standard account of its genesis, the article frames the Conference as an attempt at creating a new, yet temporary, transnational opportunity structure for participatory deliberation capable of compensating for the lack of a genuine, pan‐EU political and media space. While it would be naïve political solutionism to expect that this ad hoc, top‐down initiative could magically address the EU democratic malaise, the Conference's embedded experimentalism offers a promising first step towards the realisation of the legitimacy‐enhancing potential of participation. Ultimately, the launch of the Conference marks the first explicit admission that citizens—not the Member States or the EU institutions—are the EU's ultimate source of authority and legitimacy. Once Europe's democratic genie is out of the bottle, it will be difficult to put it back in.
Fracture analysis of three‐point bending notched granite beams under prepeak and postpeak cyclic loading by digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques
Authors: Chen Xudong , Tang Jianhui , Zhang Nan , Dai Feng , Wei Mingdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn rock engineering, cyclic loading may occur before and after the loading forces reach the load‐carrying capacities of rocks. This investigation aims to comprehensively present the fracture behavior of cracked rocks subjected to prepeak and postpeak cyclic loads. In the experiments, fracture mechanisms of notched granite beams were analyzed in‐depth through digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) technologies. The experiments showed that the specimen deformation gradually developed from elastic to elastic–plastic in the prepeak loading–unloading cycles, and microcracking was dominated by tension. In the postpeak cycles, the horizontal strain, horizontal displacement, and effective crack length generally increased cumulatively with the cycle number but locally decreased with unloading. Interestingly, many microcracks were still produced and the proportion of shear‐type AE signals increased during the unloading processes in the postpeak cycles.
Ecological forecasting of tree growth: Regional fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data to quantify drivers and characterize uncertainty
Authors: Heilman Kelly A. , Dietze Michael C. , Arizpe Alexis A. , Aragon Jacob , Gray Andrew , Shaw John D. , Finley Andrew O. , Klesse Stefan , DeRose R. Justin , Evans Margaret E. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRobust ecological forecasting of tree growth under future climate conditions is critical to anticipate future forest carbon storage and flux. Here, we apply three ingredients of ecological forecasting that are key to improving forecast skill: data fusion, confronting model predictions with new data, and partitioning forecast uncertainty. Specifically, we present the first fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data within a Bayesian state‐space model at a multi‐site, regional scale, focusing on Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera in the southwestern US. Leveraging the complementarity of these two data sources, we parsed the ecological complexity of tree growth into the effects of climate, tree size, stand density, site quality, and their interactions, and quantified uncertainties associated with these effects. New measurements of trees, an ongoing process in forest inventories, were used to confront forecasts of tree diameter with observations, and evaluate alternative tree growth models. We forecasted tree diameter and increment in response to an ensemble of climate change projections, and separated forecast uncertainty into four different causes: initial conditions, parameters, climate drivers, and process error. We found a strong negative effect of fall–spring maximum temperature, and a positive effect of water‐year precipitation on tree growth. Furthermore, tree vulnerability to climate stress increases with greater competition, with tree size, and at poor sites. Under future climate scenarios, we forecast increment declines of 22%–117%, while the combined effect of climate and size‐related trends results in a 56%–91% decline. Partitioning of forecast uncertainty showed that diameter forecast uncertainty is primarily caused by parameter and initial conditions uncertainty, but increment forecast uncertainty is mostly caused by process error and climate driver uncertainty. This fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data lays the foundation for robust ecological forecasting of aboveground biomass and carbon accounting at tree, plot, and regional scales, including iterative improvement of model skill.
The impact of COVID‐19 on patient engagement in the health system: Results from a Pan‐Canadian survey of patient, family and caregiver partners
Authors: Tripp Laura , Vanstone Meredith , Canfield Carolyn , Leslie Myles , Levasseur Mary Anne , Panday Janelle , Rowland Paula , Wilson Geoff , You Jeonghwa , Abelson Julia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had an impact on all aspects of the health system. Little is known about how the activities and experiences of patient, family and caregiver partners, as a large group across a variety of settings within the health system, changed due to the substantial health system shifts catalysed by the pandemic. This paper reports on the results of a survey that included questions about this topic.MethodsCanadian patient, family and caregiver partners were invited to participate in an online anonymous survey in the Fall of 2020. A virtual snowballing approach to recruitment was used. Survey invitations were shared on social media and emailed to health system and governmental organizations with the request that they share the survey with patient partners. This paper focuses on responses to two questions related to patient partner experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsThe COVID‐19 questions were completed by 533 respondents. Over three quarters of respondents (77.9%, n = 415) indicated their patient engagement activities had been impacted by COVID‐19. The majority (62.5%, n = 230) experienced at least a temporary or partial reduction in their patient engagement activities. Some respondents did see increases in their patient engagement activities (11.4%, n = 42). Many respondents provided insights into their experience with virtual platforms for engagement (n = 194), most expressed negative or mixed experiences with this shift.ConclusionsThis study provides a snapshot of Canadian patient, family and caregiver partners' perspectives on the impact of COVID‐19 on their engagement activities. Understanding how engagement unfolded during a crisis is critical for our future planning if patient engagement is to be fully integrated into the health system. Identifying how patient partners were engaged and not engaged during this time period, as well as the benefits and challenges of virtual engagement opportunities, offers instructive lessons for sustaining patient engagement, including the supports needed to engage with a more diverse set of patient, family and caregiver partners.Patient ContributionPatient partners were important members of the Canadian Patient Partner Study research team. They were engaged from the outset, participating in all stages of the research project. Additional patient partners were engaged to develop and pilot test the survey, and all survey respondents were patient, family or caregiver partners. The manuscript is coauthored by two patient partners.
The profile of future consumer with microchip implant: Habits and characteristics
Authors: Žnidaršič Anja , Baggia Alenka , Werber Borut 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPassive radio frequency identification microchip implants (MIs) have been the subject of public debate for nearly two decades, due to differing views on issues of privacy and impact on the human body, as well as actual successful applications in healthcare. Nonetheless, advances in technology imply that consumers may use MIs for identification, shopping, and other activities in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and habits of individuals who are more likely to use a MI in the near future. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in five countries: Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation. Convenience sampling and an online questionnaire were used to collect data from 2037 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research questions, and the results showed the predictors of willingness to use MIs. The potential MI user is male, has multiple social media profiles, and has a history of losing keys, wallets, or ID cards. He tends to use credit cards, contactless payments, and payment services when shopping. His willingness to use a MI decreases with age. Based on these findings, retailers and other service providers can adapt their processes to successfully support the future consumer with MI.
Real‐time imaging of inflammation and its resolution: It’s apparent because it’s transparent*
Authors: Robertson Tanner F. , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability to directly observe leukocyte behavior in vivo has dramatically expanded our understanding of the immune system. Zebrafish are particularly amenable to the high‐resolution imaging of leukocytes during both homeostasis and inflammation. Due to its natural transparency, intravital imaging in zebrafish does not require any surgical manipulation. As a result, zebrafish are particularly well‐suited for the long‐term imaging required to observe the temporal and spatial events during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Here, we review major insights about neutrophil and macrophage function gained from real‐time imaging of zebrafish. We discuss neutrophil reverse migration, the process whereby neutrophils leave sites of tissue damage and resolve local inflammation. Further, we discuss the current tools available for investigating immune function in zebrafish and how future studies that simultaneously image multiple leukocyte subsets can be used to further dissect mechanisms that regulate both the onset and resolution of inflammation.
Effect of ZnO on the crystallization and photoluminescence of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots in borosilicate glasses
Authors: Xu Zhousu , Chen Tao , Xia Jiazhi , Man Tao , Zheng Guojun , Yan Jinhua , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Hang , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) doped borosilicate glass was prepared by the process of melt‐quenching and subsequent annealing. With the introduction of ZnO to the parent glass as the glass network intermediate, the optical properties of the resultant samples are dramatically enhanced. Both the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) shows a strong dependence on ZnO concentration as ZnO is found to facilitate the precipitated of the QDs by reducing the connectivity of three‐dimensional glass network built from SiO4 tetrahedrons. The tunable visible‐band PL emission of the CsPbI3 QD‐doped glass could find potential applications in white LEDs and lasers.
Measuring the economic benefits of advanced technology use for river flood forecasting
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Ge Yue , Jacobs Jennifer M. , Jia Xinhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs part of the Hudson Bay drainage system in North America, the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) has been subject to Spring River flooding in the past century. Previously, forecast errors had led to inadequate flood preparations that resulted in tremendous losses and overspending of taxpayer's dollars in flood response. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s satellite microwave remote sensing technology offers improved snow water equivalent measurement information needed for spring flood forecasting in this region. This study evaluates the economic benefits of the technology use to the farm sector in the RRB. We found that farm support for the technology use for river flood forecast is overwhelming, and higher farm support yields higher willingness to pay for the product use. However, respondents who are content with the existing spring flood forecasts tend to have a lower valuation of the new product. Tellingly, landowners who lease to farm operators have noticeably zero perceived economic valuation of the product even though river flooding on their land could depress future land value.
Correlation between metabolomic profile constituents and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
Authors: Krasztel Magdalena Maria , Czopowicz Michał , Szaluś‐Jordanow Olga , Moroz Agata , Mickiewicz Marcin , Kaba Jarosław 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFeline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) is commonly used to diagnose pancreatitis in cats (FP). Untargeted metabolomics has been extensively applied in human and veterinary medicine, but no metabolomic studies regarding FP have been conducted.ObjectivesTo identify metabolites significantly associated with increased fPLI.AnimalsForty‐nine client‐owned cats: 11 clinically healthy and 38 with various clinical conditions.MethodsAnalytical cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling. A panel of 630 metabolites belonging to 26 biochemical classes was quantified in plasma using a commercial metabolomic assay. The correlation between plasma metabolite concentrations and serum fPLI was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rs) with Bonferroni correction. Multivariable analysis then was performed to control for glomerular filtration rate, liver damage, and blood glucose concentration. The accuracy of selected metabolites in discriminating between cats with normal (≤3.5 μg/L) and increased (>5.3 μg/L) fPLI was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsFour hundred and seven of 630 metabolites (64.6%) were quantified in all cats. When controlled for potential confounders only 3 sphingolipids were significantly positively correlated with fPLI: 2 cerebrosides: HexCer(d18:1/24:0); (Rs = .56), and HexCer(d18:1/24:1); (Rs = .58) and 1 sphingomyelin: SM C18:0 (Rs = .55). Their AUROCs in identifying cats with increased fPLI were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 70%‐94%), 84% (CI 95%, 72%‐96%), and 78% (CI 95%, 65%‐92%), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSelected sphingolipids are moderately positively correlated with fPLI and appear to have fair to moderate diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between cats with normal and increased fPLI.