bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Paediatric Population: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Ullah Naqib , Mohayuddin Nazim , Haroon Naveed , Nawaz Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The objective of this study is assessment of safety and efficacy of supracostal mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients.
Methodology
This is prospective study of patients whose kidney stones were treated with mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy through supracostal approach between February 2019 and Dec 2020.These patients were selected for supracostal puncture based on preoperative ultrasound and CT KUB findings and peroperative assessment of stone burden, stone location and anatomy of pelvicalyceal system.
Results
Of 80 patients 72(90%) were treated with only one supracostal puncture while additional 2nd puncture was used for 8(10%) patients. Overall stone clearance is 85% only with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the stone clearance has reached to 95% with ancillary procedures.13% of patient had hydrothorax , 3.75% had urosepsis, 2.75% had bleeding and 1.25 % had perinephric fluid collection.
Conclusion
This study concludes that the safety and efficacy of supracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy is same as subcostal pcnl if surgical boundaries are not violated.
Pedicle Dimensions of the Thoracic Vertebrae in the Zimbabwean Adult Male Population: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Maimoona Khan, Takana Bill Nyamandi, Tapera Makosa Maimoona Khan, Takana Bill Nyamandi, Tapera Makosa 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To record the dimensions of thoracic-vertebrae pedicles in the grown-up community of Zimbabwe.
Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and duration of study: A six-month study carried out in the Anatomy Department (Gross Anatomy Laboratory), University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (from May 2019 to November 2019).
Material and Methods:. The thoracic vertebrae from 15 adult male cadavers were dissected out and Pedicle External Sagittal Diameter (PESD), Pedicle External Transverse Diameter (PETD) and chord length were measured using a vernier caliper and compared (on right and left sides). The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23, with data expressed as means, standard deviation and ranges. Student’s t-test was used to estimate the difference in pedicle dimensions of the right and left sides of the thoracic vertebrae.
Results: There was a significant difference between the right and left pedicle dimensions in chord length at the level of T9, PESD at levels T6 and T7, and PETD at levels T2, T6, T7 and T11. PESD values were noted to be increasing from thoracic vertebrae T1 to T12 with a plateau phase noted from T2-T7. PETD values decreased from T1-T5 and then gradually increased to T12. Chord length increased gradually from T1-T12.
Conclusion: Pedicle dimensions differ between the Zimbabwean population and other ethnic groups of earlier investigations. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the right and left pedicles in terms of PETD, PESD and Chord length.
Bronchogenic Cyst in a 13 month Old Child
Authors: Nazish Shanza , Aftab Uzma , Ahsan Saima , Chaudhary Tanveer Hussain , Soomro Abdul Hafeez , Khan Muhammad Sabir 
Published: October 2022

Background
Persistent cough ,stridor and respiratory distress are most common symptoms encountered by paediatrician in their daily practices. Although bronchogenic cyst is rare cause of persistent cough but should always be kept in differential diagnosis of respiratory sypmptoms nonresponding to antibiotics and bronchodilators.
Case presentation
13 month old baby had history of frequent visits at hospital and treated as case of pneumonia and hyperreactive airway disease.Chest X-ray revealed cystic mass in mediastinum with CT chest confirmed bronchogenic cyst for which patient underwent surgical excision.Histopathology report revealed bronchogenic cyst .After surgical excision patient got stable with stridor got settled.
Conclusion
Case is being reported to create awareness related to bronchogenic cyst as cause of persistent cough and respiratory distress
Online assessments during COVID-19 pandemic - A paradigm shift in educational strategy
Authors: Younas Ayesha , Ashraf Muhammad Naeem , Ashraf Sohail , Malik Rabbiah Manzoor , Pasha Nadeem , Naeem Hafsa 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has instigated changes in the teaching and assessment practices of institutions in many parts of the world, resulting not only in online teaching but also in online assessments. The present study analyzes the perceptions of students regarding the first online assessments conducted at a medical college in Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This Mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted in Wah Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July to November 2020. The questionnaire was developed after the collaboration of the authors and a review of the pertinent literature on online examinations. Universal sampling was done and all students of WMC were invited to participate in the study. Data collection was done by google forms and analysis was performed on SPSS.
Results: Students from all five years of the MBBS program participated almost equally in the study. Students of 1st, 3rd and 4th year were not contented with their performance in online exams whereas students of 2nd and 5th year were satisfied. Most students considered technological issues as a basis for their poor performance and proposed technical training before online exams. They also provided suggestions related to the improvement of examination formats and tools.
Conclusion: The majority of the students found the online assessment more effective and helpful in improving their performance in exams. Student perceptions provided valuable insights for improving the online examinations system at Wah Medical College.
PENDAMPINGAN LITERASI MEMBACA PADA GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYYAH JAWA BARAT
Authors: Enramika Tomi 
Published: October 2022

Membaca merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam segala macam proses pembelajaran. Melalui membacalah berbagai ilmu pengetahuan, yang dapat mengantarkan pada kesuksesan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan implementasi gerakan literasi membaca pada guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Jawa Barat melalui Kegiatan dilaksanakan empat belas hari dengan metode Blendeed Learning. Melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang menyenangkan sebagai upaya penerapan gerakan literasi membaca, para guru menjadi lebih antusias dan termotivasi untuk lebih meningkatkan literasi membaca di madrasahnya.
A Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Earth Planet L98-59 b in 1.1–1.7 μm
Authors: Damiano Mario , Hu Renyu , Barclay Thomas , Zieba Sebastian , Kreidberg Laura , Brande Jonathan , Colon Knicole D. , Covone Giovanni , Crossfield Ian , Domagal-Goldman Shawn D. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Fiscale Stefano , Gallo Francesco , Gilbert Emily , Hedges Christina L. , Kite Edwin S. , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Kostov Veselin B. , Morley Caroline , Mullally Susan E. , Pidhorodetska Daria , Schlieder Joshua E. , Quintana Elisa V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the increasing number of planets discovered by the Transit Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the atmospheric characterization of small exoplanets is accelerating. L98-59 is an M-dwarf hosting a multiplanet system, and so far, four small planets have been confirmed. The innermost planet b is ∼15% smaller and ∼60% lighter than Earth, and should thus have a predominantly rocky composition. The Hubble Space Telescope observed five primary transits of L98-59 b in 1.1–1.7 μm, and here we report the data analysis and the resulting transmission spectrum of the planet. We measure the transit depths for each of the five transits and, by combination, we obtain a transmission spectrum with an overall precision of ∼20 ppm in for each of the 18 spectrophotometric channels. With this level of precision, the transmission spectrum does not show significant modulation, and is thus consistent with a planet without any atmosphere or a planet having an atmosphere and high-altitude clouds or haze. The scenarios involving an aerosol-free, H2-dominated atmosphere with H2O or CH4 are inconsistent with the data. The transmission spectrum also disfavors, but does not rule out, an H2O-dominated atmosphere without clouds. A spectral retrieval process suggests that an H2-dominated atmosphere with HCN and clouds or haze may be the preferred solution, but this indication is nonconclusive. Future James Webb Space Telescope observations may find out the nature of the planet among the remaining viable scenarios.
The Emptiness Inside: Finding Gaps, Valleys, and Lacunae with Geometric Data Analysis
Authors: Contardo Gabriella , Hogg David W. , Hunt Jason A. S. , Peek Joshua E. G. , Chen Yen-Chi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Discoveries of gaps in data have been important in astrophysics. For example, there are kinematic gaps opened by resonances in dynamical systems, or exoplanets of a certain radius that are empirically rare. A gap in a data set is a kind of anomaly, but in an unusual sense: instead of being a single outlier data point, situated far from other data points, it is a region of the space, or a set of points, that is anomalous compared to its surroundings. Gaps are both interesting and hard to find and characterize, especially when they have nontrivial shapes. We present in this paper a statistic that can be used to estimate the (local) “gappiness” of a point in the data space. It uses the gradient and Hessian of the density estimate (and thus requires a twice-differentiable density estimator). This statistic can be computed at (almost) any point in the space and does not rely on optimization; it allows us to highlight underdense regions of any dimensionality and shape in a general and efficient way. We illustrate our method on the velocity distribution of nearby stars in the Milky Way disk plane, which exhibits gaps that could originate from different processes. Identifying and characterizing those gaps could help determine their origins. We provide in an appendix implementation notes and additional considerations for finding underdensities in data, using critical points and the properties of the Hessian of the density.
7

7

A Python implementation of t methods presented here is available at https://github.com/contardog/FindTheGap.
Anisotropic Magnetic Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere—Radial Evolution of Distributions Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Chhiber Rohit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Observations from Parker Solar Probe’s first five orbits are used to investigate the helioradial evolution of probability density functions (pdfs) of fluctuations of magnetic-field components between ∼28 and 200 R
⊙. Transformation of the magnetic-field vector to a local mean-field coordinate system permits examination of anisotropy relative to the mean magnetic-field direction. Attention is given to effects of averaging-interval size. It is found that pdfs of the perpendicular fluctuations are well approximated by a Gaussian function, with the parallel fluctuations less so: kurtoses of the latter are generally larger than 10, and their pdfs indicate increasing skewness with decreasing distance r from the Sun, with the latter observation possibly explained by the increasing Alfvénicity of the fluctuations. The ratio of perpendicular to parallel variances is greater than unity; this variance anisotropy becomes stronger with decreasing r. The ratio of the total rms fluctuation strength to the mean-field magnitude decreases with decreasing r, with a value ∼0.8 near 1 au and ∼0.5 at 0.14 au; the ratio is well approximated by an r
1/4 power law. These findings improve our understanding of the radial evolution of turbulence in the solar wind, and have implications for related phenomena such as energetic-particle transport in the inner heliosphere.
Variability in Protoplanetary Nebulae. IX. Evidence for Evolution in a Decade
Authors: Hrivnak Bruce J. , Lu Wenxian , Bakke William C. , Grimm Peyton J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We have carried out a new photometric V,R

C
study of 12 protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases of stellar evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data from 1994−2007, that found that all 12 varied periodically, with pulsation periods in the range of ∼38 to ∼150 days. They are all carbon-rich, with F−G spectral types. We combined our new (2008–2018) data with publicly available All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae data and determined new periods for their variability. The older and newer period values were compared to investigate evidence of period change, for which there is theoretical support that it might be detectable in a decade or two in some cases. Such a detection is challenging since the light curves are complicated, with multiple periods, changing amplitudes, and evidence of shocks. Nevertheless, we found one, and possibly two, such cases, which are associated with the higher-temperature stars in the sample (7250 and 8000 K). These results are most consistent with the evolution of stars at the lower end of the mass range of carbon stars, ∼1.5–2 M
☉. Several of the stars show longer-term trends of increasing (six cases) or decreasing (one case) brightness, which we think is most likely due to changes in the circumstellar dust opacity. There is one case of a possible ∼1.8 yr period in addition to the shorter pulsation. This is interpreted as possible evidence of an orbiting companion.
The Role of Strong Magnetic Fields in Stabilizing Highly Luminous Thin Disks
Authors: Mishra Bhupendra , Fragile P. Chris , Anderson Jessica , Blankenship Aidan , Li Hui , Nalewajko Krzysztof 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present and analyze a set of three-dimensional, global, general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of thin, radiation-pressure-dominated accretion disks surrounding a nonrotating, stellar-mass black hole. The simulations are initialized using the Shakura–Sunyaev model with a mass accretion rate of

M

̇

=
3

L

Edd

/

c

2

(corresponding to L = 0.17L
Edd). Our previous work demonstrated that such disks are thermally unstable when accretion is driven by an α-viscosity. In the present work, we test the hypothesis that strong magnetic fields can both drive accretion through magnetorotational instability and restore stability to such disks. We test four initial magnetic field configurations: (1) a zero-net-flux case with a single, radially extended set of magnetic field loops (dipole), (2) a zero-net-flux case with two radially extended sets of magnetic field loops of opposite polarity stacked vertically (quadrupole), (3) a zero-net-flux case with multiple radially concentric rings of alternating polarity (multiloop), and (4) a net-flux, vertical magnetic field configuration (vertical). In all cases, the fields are initially weak, with a gas-to-magnetic pressure ratio ≳100. Based on the results of these simulations, we find that the dipole and multiloop configurations remain thermally unstable like their α-viscosity counterpart, in our case collapsing vertically on the local thermal timescale and never fully recovering. The vertical case, on the other hand, stabilizes and remains so for the duration of our tests (many thermal timescales). The quadrupole case is intermediate, showing signs of both stability and instability. The key stabilizing factor is the ability of specific field configurations to build up and sustain strong, P
mag ≳ 0.5P
tot, toroidal fields near the midplane of the disk. We discuss the reasons why certain configurations are able to do this effectively and others are not. We then compare our stable simulations to the standard Shakura–Sunyaev disk.
Empirical Dust Attenuation Model Leads to More Realistic UVJ Diagram for TNG100 Galaxies
Authors: Nagaraj Gautam , Forbes John C. , Leja Joel , Foreman-Mackey Dan , Hayward Christopher C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dust attenuation varies substantially from galaxy to galaxy and as of yet cannot be reproduced from first principles in theoretical models. In Nagaraj et al., we developed the first Bayesian population model of dust attenuation as a function of stellar population properties and projected galaxy shape, built on spectral energy distribution fits of nearly 30,000 galaxies in the 3D-HST grism survey with broadband photometric coverage from the rest-frame UV to IR. In this paper, we apply the model, named “DustE,” to galaxies from the large-volume cosmological simulation TNG100 at z = 1. We produce a UVJ diagram and compare it with one obtained in previous work by applying approximate radiative transfer to the simulated galaxies. We find that the UVJ diagram based on our empirical model is in better agreement with observations than the previous effort, especially in the number density of dusty star-forming galaxies. We also construct the intrinsic dust-free UVJ diagram for TNG100 and 3D-HST galaxies at z ∼ 1, finding qualitative agreement but residual differences at the 10%–20% level. These differences may be caused by the finding that TNG100 galaxies have, on average, 29% younger stellar populations and possibly higher metallicities than observed galaxies.
The Age and Erosion Rate of Young Sedimentary Rock on Mars
Authors: Li An Y. , Kite Edwin S. , Keating Katarina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic sedimentary unit near the equator of Mars, with an uncertain formation process and absolute age. Due to the heavily wind-eroded surface, it is difficult to determine the absolute model age of the MFF using a one-parameter model based on the crater size–frequency distribution function with existing crater count data. We create a new two-parameter model that estimates both age and a constant erosion rate (β) by treating cratering as a random Poisson process. Our study uses new crater count data collected from Context Camera imagery for both the MFF and other young equatorial sedimentary rock. Based on our new model, the Central MFF formed >1.5 Gyr ago and had low erosion rates (<650 nm yr−1), whereas the East MFF, Far East MFF, and Zephyria Planum most likely formed <1.5 Gyr ago and had higher erosion rates (>740 nm yr−1). The top of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) in Gale Crater and Eastern Candor have relatively young ages and low erosion rates. Based on the estimated erosion rates (since fast erosion permits metastable shallow ice), we also identify several sites, including Zephyria Planum, as plausible locations for shallow subsurface equatorial water ice that is detectable by gamma-ray spectroscopy or neutron spectroscopy. In addition to confirming <1.5 Gyr sedimentary rock formations on Mars, and distinguishing older and younger MFF sites, we find that fast-eroding locations have younger ages and MFF locations with slower erosion have older best-fit ages.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: a growing economic concern
Authors: Staynova Radiana , Vasileva Emanuela , Yanachkova Vesselina 
Published: October 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication. Recent epidemiological data have shown that GDM prevalence has been on the increase worldwide. GDM could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and is usually associated with higher costs for its treatment and management. Pharmacoeconomics has become a crucial component of the healthcare systems in recent years because of the steadily rising costs. Despite this, there are few pharmacoeconomic studies evaluating the expenses of pregnancies impacted by GDM.This article presents a brief introduction to pharmacoeconomics and provides awareness of the economic impact of GDM. Studies associated with health care costs of GDM were reviewed and an attempt was made to determine its global economic burden.
Vitamin D 3 exerts immunomodulatory and memory improving properties in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation
Authors: Doncheva Nina , Mihaylova Anita , Zlatanova Hristina , Ivanovska Mariya , Delev Delian , Murdjeva Marianna , Kostadinov Ilia 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid, its primary function being regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and maintenance of bone integrity and mineralization. Recently, pleotropic effects of this vitamin have been recognized, including an immunomodulatory role and involvement in normal brain development and functioning.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of cholecalciferol on serum inflammatory markers and memory functions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation.
Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): control group, LPS control group, LPS + cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 500 UI group, and 1000 IU/kg bw group. Step-down passive avoidance test, novel object recognition test (NORT), Y- and T-maze were performed to assess the memory functions. Latency, recognition index (RI), % spontaneous alteration (SA), and working memory index were registered. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: LPS administration caused significant impairment in memory functions in all memory tasks. Cholecalciferol treatment caused significant increase in % SA, RI, and working memory index. In the step-down passive avoidance test, cholecalciferol-treated groups showed statistically significant increase in latency in the long-term memory test. Vitamin D3-treated rats showed decreased TNF-α and IL-1β serum levels whereas the concentration of TGF-β1 and BDNF increased.
Conclusions: Cholecalciferol improves spatial working and episodic memory, which can at least partially be explained with its effect on systemic inflammatory response that is closely related with the development of neuroinflammation.
Neurological paradox during treatment in a non-HIV patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Amornpojnimman Thanyalak , Srisilpa Song , Sathirapanya Pornchai 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
To report neurological paradox in a non-HIV patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Patient concerns:
A 26-year-old non-human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppressed female patient presented with diffused headache, diplopia, ascending paraparesis with loss of bowel and bladder control.

Diagnosis:
Disseminated neurological paradoxical reaction developed during tuberculosis treatment in a non-human immunodeficiency virus patient.

Intervention:
High-dose intravenous corticosteroid was added to the anti-tuberculous drugs, followed by tapered dose of oral prednisolone in 3 months.

Outcome:
A favorable neurological outcome was obtained 6 months later.

Lessons:
Neurological paradoxical reaction cannot be overlooked among the tuberculosis-treated cases who present with newly emerged neurological disorders.