bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prone positioning does not improve the outcome of patients with mild pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2: results from an open-label, randomized controlled trial (the EPCoT Study)
Authors: Fezzi Miriam , Antolini Laura , Soria Alessandro , Bisi Luca , Iannuzzi Francesca , Sabbatini Francesca , Rossi Marianna , Limonta Silvia , Rugova Alban , Columpsi Paola , Squillace Nicola , Foresti Sergio , Pollastri Ester , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Migliorino Guglielmo Marco , Bonfanti Paolo , Lapadula Giuseppe ,   EPCoT Study Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundProne positioning (PP) is routinely used among patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. However, its utility among spontaneously breathing patients is still debated.MethodsIn an open-label randomized controlled trial, we enrolled patients hospitalized with mild COVID-19 pneumonia, whose PaO2/FiO2 ratio was >200 mmHg and who did not require mechanical ventilation (MV) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at hospital admission. Patients were randomized 1:1 to PP on top of standard of care (intervention group)versusstandard of care only (controls). The primary composite outcome included death, MV, NIV and PaO2/FiO2 <200 mmHg; secondary outcomes were oxygen weaning and hospital discharge.ResultsSixty-one subjects were enrolled, 29 adjudicated to PP and 32 to the control group. By day 28, 11 patients required NIV, 4 MV and 3 died. Overall, 24/61 (39.3%) met the primary outcome. Using an intention-to-treat approach, 15/29 patients in PP groupversus9/32 controls met the primary outcome, corresponding to a significantly higher risk of progression among those randomized to PP (HR 2.38 95%CI 1.04-5.43; P=0.040). Using an as-treated approach, which included in the intervention group only patients who maintained PP for ≥3 hours/day, no significant differences were found between the two groups (HR 1.77; 95%CI 0.79-3.94; P=0.165). Also, we did not find any statistically difference in terms of time to oxygen weaning or hospital discharge between study arms, in any of the analyses conducted.ConclusionsWe observed no clinical benefit from awake PP among spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring conventional oxygen therapy.
Cerebello-Basal Ganglia Functional Network Integration in Psychosis
Authors: Jackson T. Bryan , Damme Katherine S. F. , Mittal Vijay A. , Bernard Jessica A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsychotic disorders are conceptualized as brain-network diseases and both the cerebellum (CB) and basal ganglia (BG) are implicated in widely used conceptual models. Previous research has focused on these structures and their respective circuits as distinct, however, both are functionally and anatomically connected to each other and to cortical networks via domain-specific, topographically organized thalamo-cortical loops. Currently, it is unclear how CB-BG network dysfunction may play a mechanistic role in the course of psychosis; however, network global efficiency (GE), a measure of functional integration, is a novel approach that aims to represent cognitive and motor CB-BG network (CCBN, MCBN, respectively) connectivity in cross- sectional groups of healthy control (HC), clinical high-risk (CHR), early course psychosis (ECP), and chronic psychosis (CP) participants. We compared network GE between groups and inspected individual differences in CCBN- and MCBN-GE as it relates to group membership and to psychosis symptoms. We also associated CB-BG network GE with cortical network GE. Results indicated that CCBN-GE was associated with cognitive dysfunction and lower in CHR individuals, compared to HC and CP; while MCBN was associated with negative psychosis symptoms. Last, we detailed CB-BG associations with sensory, motor, default mode, and salience networks across groups, with group effects demonstrating complex differences within the ECP group. Findings indicating that CB-BG network dysfunction may play an important role in early pathogenesis and authors argue for CB-BG dysfunction to be analyzed from a network perspective. Future work is needed however to incorporate this approach into our understanding of psychosis.
Motion-Induced Blindness as a Noisy Excitable System
Authors: Katkov Mikhail , Cooperman Alexander , Meital-Kfir Noya , Sagi Dov 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerceptual disappearance of a salient target induced by a moving texture mask (MIB: Motion Induced Blindness) is a striking effect, currently poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the mechanisms underlying MIB qualify as an excitable system. Excitable systems exhibit fast switches from one state to another (e.g., visible/invisible) induced by an above-threshold perturbation and stimulus-independent dynamics, followed by a refractory period. In the experiments, disappearance was induced by masks consisting of slowly rotating radial bars with a gap at the target location, leading to periodic perturbation of the visual field around the target (a bright parafoveal spot). When passed around the target location, masks frequently induced an abrupt target disappearance, pointing to locality. As expected from excitable systems, the disappearance time was not affected by additional bars crossing the target during invisibility, and there was little dependence on the mask configuration. After the target reappeared, it stayed for at least 0.5-2 seconds (the refractory period). Therefore, the mechanisms governing MIB represent an example of an excitable system, where the transition to the invisible state is induced by the mask, with the dynamics that follow determined mostly by the internal network properties.
Glomerular crescents, IgA-deposits, ANCA, infection – unravelling the diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Kitamura Mineaki , Almaani Salem , Challa Bindu , Doraiswamy Mohankumar , Ayoub Isabelle , Biederman Laura , Parikh Samir V. , Molovic-Kokovic Ana , Benedict Jason , Mhaskar Nilesh , Khitan Zeid , Brodsky Sergey V. , Nadasdy Tibor , Satoskar Anjali A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlomerulonephritis (GN) with crescents and IgA deposits on kidney biopsy poses a frequent diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma because of multiple possibilities.MethodsNative kidney biopsies showing IgA deposition and crescents (excluding lupus nephritis) were identified from our biopsy archives between January 2010 and December 2021. Detailed clinico-pathologic features were assessed. One-year clinical follow-up on a subset of cases was performed.ResultsA total of 285 cases were identified and these clustered into IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n=108), Staphylococcus or other infection-associated-GN (SAGN/IRGN, n=46), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated-GN (ANCA-GN, n=24) based on constellation of clinico-pathologic features, but 101 cases (Group X) could not be definitively differentiated. The reasons have been elucidated, most important being atypical combination of clinico-pathologic features and lack of definitive evidence of active infection. Follow-up (on 72/101 cases), revealed that clinicians’ working diagnosis was IgAN in 42%, SAGN/IRGN in 24%, ANCA-GN in 24%, and others in 7% of the cases, but treatment approach varied from supportive/antibiotics to immunosuppression in each subgroup. Comparing these cases as “received immunosuppression” versus “no-immunosuppression”, only two features - C3-dominant staining; and possibility of recent infection differed (higher in the no-immunosuppression group [p<0.05]). Renal loss was higher in the no-immunosuppression subgroup, but not statistically significant (p=0.11).ConclusionDiagnostic overlap may remain unresolved in a substantial number of kidney biopsies with glomerular crescents and IgA deposits. A case-by-case approach, appropriate antibiotics if infection is ongoing, and consideration for cautious immunosuppressive treatment for progressive renal dysfunction may be needed for best chance of renal recovery.
Neurocognitive Benefit of Weight-Loss Interventions in Older Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Schaich Christopher L. , Hughes Timothy M. , Jung Youngkyoo , Kitzman Dalane W. , Chen Haiying , Nicklas Barbara J. , Houston Denise K. , Brubaker Peter , Molina Anthony J.A. , Hugenschmidt Christina E. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesEvaluate neurocognitive health and its response to interventions in older, obese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).BackgroundNeurocognitive dysfunction may be an underrecognized feature of HFpEF that responds to weight-loss interventions.MethodsWe first compared detailed baseline cognitive testing (Uniform Data Set version 3 and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]), and brain volumes and cerebral blood flow (CBF) from 3T magnetic resonance imaging between older patients with HFpEF (n=46) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n=22). The HFpEF patients were then randomized to a 20-week caloric restriction (CR) intervention with either aerobic-only (CR+AT; n=23) or aerobic+resistance exercise training (CR+AT+RT; n=23), and repeated cognitive testing and neuroimaging post-intervention. Cognitive scores were normalized to national data and transformed toz-scores for global, memory, attention, executive function, visuospatial, and language fluency domains.ResultsCompared to HC, participants with HFpEF had significantly lower baseline global cognitive performance, and lower global, visuospatial processing and language fluency domainz-scores than normative means. Following the diet and exercise intervention, there were significant improvements in global (+0.6 [95% CI: 0.3, 0.8]) and category fluency (+0.2 [95% CI: −0.004, 0.3])z-scores, and in RAVLT immediate (+0.6 [95% CI: 0.1, 1.0] points) and delayed (0.9 [95% CI: 0.2, 1.6] points) recall. Only CR+AT+RT was associated with improved phonemic fluency z-score (+0.4 [95% CI: 0.1, 0.7]). There were no significant intervention effects on brain volumes or CBF.ConclusionsOlder, obese patients with chronic HFpEF have significant cognitive deficits that are ameliorated by diet and exercise interventions.
A reflection on motivating community action to protect an endangered species using marketing
Authors: Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to describe a case that has worked with community aiming to prevent koala deaths and injuries across known causes including dogs.

Design/methodology/approach
Over a 6½-year period, a project team has applied the Co-create–Build–Engage (CBETM) process initially delivering a proof-of-concept pilot programme for one threat faced by koalas, which was later scaled to citywide delivery. This approach is now being extended across 12 local government areas, and the author’s team is now working across all preventable threats faced by koalas’ regionwide. Leave It is now nested as one behaviour change project in a wider project delivered across Southeast Queensland, in partnership with Queensland Government, 12 local government areas, community groups and other organisations.

Findings
Underpinned by the pathway to impact and CBETM processes, this paper describes how the 3½-year Leave It project reduced koala deaths from dog attacks by 40% in the Redland City Council area. A reduction in koala deaths will contribute to a measurable increase in the local koala population across successive generations delivering lasting impact.

Research limitations/implications
This paper provides an overview of links between inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes to impact. Robust koala population data is needed to precisely measure impact over time.

Practical implications
One female koala joey saved equates to seven new koalas in the next generation and prevention of koala deaths can be achieved when people can be motivated to take action.

Originality/value
This paper reflects on 6½ years of experience applying marketing to deliver changes in people’s behaviour that protect koalas. A high-level overview of the strategic and operational marketing efforts that have been and continue to be applied is described.
Encouraging pro-conservation intentions in urban recreational spaces: a South African zoo perspective
Authors: Kruger Martinette , Viljoen Adam 
Published: November 2022

PurposeZoos are important urban tourism attractions. The challenge for zoos is finding a balance between attracting visitors and enhancing education and conservation management. This research contributes to a greater understanding of the conservation intentions of zoo visitors and how zoos can emphasise conservation management principles sustainably. This study aims to identify the variables that encourage conservation intentions among visitors to a South African zoo.Design/methodology/approachA destination-based survey was conducted in 2019 at the Johannesburg Zoo, and 445 questionnaires were administered through convenience sampling.FindingsExploratory factor analyses identified visitors’ conservation awareness because of zoos (pre-conscious, conscious and unconscious), behavioural intentions (advocating and supporting), motives (engagement, edutainment and escapism) and satisfaction (interaction and facility quality, and service and interpretation quality). The behavioural intentions were the dependent variables. Advocating conservation intentions (ACI) is an active role where zoo visitors feel a strong responsibility towards conservation and encourage others to the conservation cause. Supporting conservation intentions (SCI) relates more to loyalty towards visiting the zoo and subsequently supporting conservation. Stepwise linear regression analyses revealed that enhancing ACI relies on SCI, edutainment, conscious awareness, service and interpretation quality and total spending. However, enhancing SCI relies on ACI, interaction and facility quality and the motive, escapism, while engagement revealed a negative relationship.Originality/valueThe results show that zoos can encourage SCI to ACI by using interactive and entertaining interpretations to teach visitors about the zoo’s mandate and the importance of conservation while balancing their need to escape.
I feel so embarrassed, still, I want it! The self-presentational dilemma of counterfeit luxury buyers
Authors: Khan Sameeullah , Fazili Asif Iqbal , Bashir Irfan 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine whether counterfeit luxury buyers’ tendency to impress others overrides their anticipation of embarrassment or whether the anticipation of embarrassment delimits their self-presentational goals.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on three studies – a survey and two experiments that test the predictions. This study adopts a mix of moderation and mediation analyses to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings
The findings reveal a greater counterfeit purchase likelihood and embarrassment aversion among publicly (vs privately) self-conscious consumers. Furthermore, a higher (vs a lower) audience class and a conspicuous (vs an inconspicuous) brand lead to lower counterfeit purchase intention, and anticipated embarrassment mediates both these effects. To mitigate the threat of embarrassment, publicly self-conscious consumers are more likely to buy counterfeits among a higher-class audience when the brand is inconspicuous (vs conspicuous). They, however, are indifferent to brand conspicuousness among a lower-class audience.

Practical implications
To deter counterfeit consumption, anti-counterfeiting campaigns must invoke consumers’ tendency to overestimate the degree of public attention. Ad appeals must accentuate the anticipation of embarrassment by enhancing self-consciousness through a higher-class audience involving a conspicuous brand.

Originality/value
This paper makes a novel contribution to counterfeiting literature by demonstrating that counterfeit luxury consumption is driven by countervailing motives of gaining approval and avoiding disapproval. The paper departs from mainstream theorizing by demonstrating that counterfeit luxury buyers engage in a protective self-presentation style by choosing inconspicuous counterfeits.
“Like mom and dad”: using narrative analysis to understand how couplepreneurs stimulate their kids’ entrepreneurial mindset
Authors: Maziriri Eugine Tafadzwa , Nyagadza Brighton , Maramura Tafadzwa C. , Mapuranga Miston 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine how couplepreneurs foster an entrepreneurial mindset in their kids.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews was used as the data collection technique. Narrative analysis was conducted on a sample of 20 couplepreneurs in Mthatha, South Africa.

Findings
Narratives of how couplepreneurs foster an entrepreneurial mindset in their kids included purchasing toys and games for kids that encourage entrepreneurship; competition and team activities among kids that are related to entrepreneurship; the piggy bank; encouraging kids to read entrepreneurial books; and kid entrepreneur showcases.

Research limitations/implications
Sample size challenges are a notable limitation, including research being conducted in only one province of South Africa. Caution is advised when attempting to generalise the results to other contexts.

Practical implications
Understanding the strategies used by couplepreneurs to instil an entrepreneurial mindset in children can help parents to influence and encourage their children's entrepreneurial growth, resulting in more creative and innovative people who make a positive contribution to society, economy and the community.

Originality/value
While there is a body of literature on couple entrepreneurship, there are shortcomings in studies examining how coupleprenuers in African countries instil an entrepreneurial mindset in their children. As a result, this study aims to complement the current corpus of African literature on entrepreneurship, particularly in the context of South Africa.
Family governance and firm performance: exploring the intermediate effects of family functioning and competitive advantage
Authors: Barbera Francesco , Hasso Tim , Schwarz Thomas V. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeScholars and practitioners agree that governance practices are at the core of what differentiates family firms from other forms of business. Yet, there is a lack of consensus in the extant literature about how and the extent to which family governance affects firm performance. This study aims to address the matter by taking a more comprehensive unified systems perspective to explore the pathways through which variations in family governance mechanisms simultaneously affect both the business and the family system.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilises a global dataset sourced from a survey and structural equation modelling to empirically measure several intermediate and final outcomes of family governance.FindingsThis study finds that the use of family protocols, as well as formal and informal meetings, have positive effects on the functioning of the family, whereas family involvement in the top management team diminishes the firm's competitive advantage. In turn, this study demonstrates that both family functioning and competitive advantage are positively related to firm performance.Originality/valueBy taking into consideration the complexity of the family and business systems, and measuring their interlinkages, this study advances knowledge by providing a more complete picture of the family governance/firm performance relationship.
Spiritual leadership and innovative work behavior: the mediated relationship of interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing in the hospitality sector of India
Authors: Jain Priyanka 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the relationship between spiritual leadership and employees' innovative behavior in the hospitality sector of India. The author proposes a holistic (serial mediation) model based on relational signaling theory (RST) and integrates individual, i.e. interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing factors as explanatory mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conducted through probability sampling on 435 participants working in the hospitality sector of India. The proposed serial mediation model was examined using a structural equation modeling (SEM) method and the PROCESS model 6.FindingsThe result supports the full mediation model. Although spiritual leadership and innovative work behavior (IWB) had a little direct impact, they had considerable overall effects and indirect effects due to interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing. Similar to this, the study discovered evidence in favor of individual characteristics serving as explanatory mechanisms in the connection between spiritual leadership and IWB.Originality/valueBased on the RST, the study reveals that spiritual leaders motivate and inspire employees by involving the application of spiritual values and principles which help them in generating trust and share knowledge, leading to innovative behavior.
A model test on an open-cut tunnel structure under the effect of a stick-slip normal fault
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhu Xingyu , Wei Ronghua 
Published: November 2022

PurposeLarge displacement misalignment under the action of active faults can cause complex three-dimensional deformation in subway tunnels, resulting in severe damage, distortion and misalignment. There is no developed system of fortification and related codes to follow. There are scientific problems and technical challenges in this field that have never been encountered in past research and practices.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopted a self-designed large-scale active fault dislocation simulation loading system to conduct a similar model test of the tunnel under active fault dislocation based on the open-cut tunnel project of the Urumqi Rail Transit Line 2, which passes through the Jiujiawan normal fault. The test simulated the subway tunnel passing through the normal fault, which is inclined at 60°. This research compared and analyzed the differences in mechanical behavior between two types of lining section: the open-cut double-line box tunnel and the modified double-line box arch tunnel. The structural response and failure characteristics of the open-cut segmented lining of the tunnel under the stick-slip part of the normal fault were studied.FindingsThe results indicated that the double-line box arch tunnel improved the shear and longitudinal bending performance. Longitudinal cracks were mainly distributed in the baseplate, wall foot and arch foot, and the crack position was basically consistent with the longitudinal distribution of surrounding rock pressure. This indicated that the longitudinal cracks were due to the large local load of the cross-section of the structure, leading to an excessive local bending moment of the structure, which resulted in large eccentric failure of the lining and formation of longitudinal cracks. Compared with the ordinary box section tunnel, the improved double-line box arch tunnel significantly reduced the destroyed and damage areas of the hanging wall and footwall. The damage area and crack length were reduced by 39 and 59.3%, respectively. This indicates that the improved double-line box arch tunnel had good anti-sliding performance.Originality/valueThis paper adopted a self-designed large-scale active fault dislocation simulation loading system to conduct a similar model test of the tunnel under active fault dislocation. This system increased the similarity ratio of the test model, improved the dislocation loading rate and optimized the simulation scheme of the segmented flexible lining and other key factors affecting the test. It is of great scientific significance and engineering value to investigate the structure of subway tunnels under active fault misalignment, to study its force characteristics and damage modes, and to provide a technical reserve for the design and construction of subway tunnels through active faults.