bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-hospital Consumption of Antibiotics in Children Admitted to the Pediatric Ward of CHU Tambohobe Fianarantsoa
Authors: Ramamonjinirina Tahina Prudence , Rabemananjara Antsa , Rakotondravelo Soloharimino Mireille , Narison Mblola Lalanirina Rakotomahefa 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Antibiotic consumption is on the rise; this increases the risk of bacterial resistance which represents a public health threat with an increasing number of therapeutic impasses. The objective of our study is to evaluate the pre-hospital consumption of antibiotics in children admitted to the pediatric service of CHU-Tambohobe Fianarantsoa.

Method: This is a prospective cross-sectional study during a period of 6 months in the pediatric department of the CHU-Tambohobe Fianarantsoa; including all children admitted with antibiotics before their hospitalization.

Results: We included 105 cases, i.e. 27.5% of hospitalized patients. The age of our patients ranged from 0 to 180 months with a median age of 24 months. The infectious sites for which antibiotics were prescribed were predominantly respiratory [27.6%] and ENT [24.5%]. Self-medication was used in 11.4% of cases, and 88.6% had consulted a health centre, 76% of whose prescribers were doctors. The antibiotic used was not adapted to the infection site in 54.3% of cases, and the dose was insufficient in 48.27%. The most prescribed antibiotic was Amoxicillin in 37.9% of cases, followed by Cotrimoxazole in 15.9%. The evolution was marked by the absence of improvement which motivated the hospitalization of the child.

Conclusion: Our study showed an inappropriate pre-hospital consumption of antibiotics. Continuous training on the correct prescription of antibiotics as well as the implementation of antibiotic therapy protocols are necessary.
An Assessment of International Law on the Use of Cyber-Espionage as a Substitute for Traditional Spying
Authors: Joshua Ayobamidele 
Published: September 2022

Traditionally spying is an integral part of war, economic, and political sabotage among other things. In a bid to curb the incessant act of traditional spying which involves the act of physically and clandestinely crossing over to the countries where spying is to be carried out, various international conventions/instruments covering the act of traditional spying are of the moment. These include; the Hague Regulation of 1907, Vienna Convention of 1961, Geneva Conventions, United Nations Charter among others. In the same vein, Countries have enacted domestic laws to prevent the traditional spying/ clandestine acts within their territorial sovereignty. However, the 21st-century development in the field of technology and its use for a wind range of activities which include cyber espionage have questioned the effectiveness and relevance of international conventions and domestic laws on cyber espionage.
It is against this backdrop that this article embarks on the assessment of the conventions/instruments and domestic laws on cyber espionage. Precisely, it examines the assessment of countries’ espionage laws and their relevance to cyber espionage among countries, the assessment of international law and its relevance to cyber espionage, the assessment of customary international law on cyber espionage, and recommendations. Accordingly, it concludes that a holistic assessment of cyber espionage reveals that the applicability of extant international law to it like traditional spying is uncertain.1.
The Changes and Continuities Between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic
Authors: Kong Lingkai 
Published: September 2022

The transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the Turkish Republic was accompanied by change and continuities. The newly founded early republics necessarily inherited relics from the previous era and were significantly affected by economic and social institutions that sculpted their personality and mannerisms. This paper reveals the connection between the subjectivity of the late Ottoman and early Turkish republics through four aspects: state traditions, bureaucracy, the role of the military, and political culture, with both innovative changes and continuities. These connections facilitate comprehension of the early republic's history, political actors, and notable events.
Redefining Vulnerability: A New Social “Philosophy” of European Union During COVID–19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghebrea Georgeta 
Published: September 2022

Social policy is based, since its inception, on a certain “philosophy” regarding the desirable social model, encompassing religious, political and social values, as well as appropriate objectives and tools for protecting vulnerable target groups. This philosophy differs both geographically and historically. Thus, European social policies have a specific axiological foundation comparing to social models developed on other continents. Even if relatively stable, this foundation is continuously redefined and, therefore, the European social model is an evolving concept. Our paper analyses how social vulnerability and vulnerable groups are redefined within the European social policies, during Covid-19 pandemic. If in recent decades the European social policies have tried to implement more selective and means-tested social protection, the approach to social protection during the pandemic is different, there are indications of increasing the universalisation of social benefits for covering new vulnerabilities. In our analysis, the pandemic accentuated some pre-existing trends to redefine the predilect target groups and their social protection: larger decommodification, protection for atypical employment, social security schemes covering new risks, and instruments for a new work-life balance. At the same time, European social protection policies tend towards synergy with actions in the fields of digitalisation and ecology. Are these changes temporary or will they last even after the pandemic? Of course, it is difficult to make predictions, but we believe that some of them anticipate possible structural reforms of more humane, less biopolitical European social protection policies. Our analysis is based on data from social statistics, official documents and public speeches.
Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Kesenian Gaok Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Masitoh Imas Siti , Sudrajat Ajat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gaok art is an art in the form of an oral tradition in the Kulur Village community which contains a description of the social and cultural life of the community in the past. This study aims to explore the values ​​of local wisdom contained in the art of Gaok in Kulur Village, Majalengka District and describes its potential as a source of historical learning. The research method used in this research was qualitative ethnograpghy with data collected through literature study, interviews, and observations. The results obtained indicate that there are local wisdom values in the art of Gaok, namely religious, social, language, knowledge, economic, technology, and artistic. These values ​​can be used as a source of learning Indonesian history at the 10th grade of senior high school level. The integration of the local wisdom values ​​of Gaok art as a source of historical learning is very important in order to build historical awareness and instill good characteristics in students, especially in the Majalengka area, to allow them to become civilized people who shall not abandon their local culture.
Keywords: Gaok Art, Local Wisdom Values, Historical Learning Resources.

Abstrak
Kesenian gaok merupakan kesenian berupa tradisi lisan masyarakat Desa Kulur yang di dalamnya berisi mengenai gambaran kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakatnya pada masa lampau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terdapat dalam kesenian gaok di Desa Kulur, Kecamatan Majalengka dan mendeskripsikan potensinya sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif etnografi dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam kesenian gaok, yaitu nilai religi, sosial, bahasa, pengetahuan, ekonomi, teknologi, dan seni. Nilai-nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah Indonesia pada jenjang SMA/MA kelas X. Pengintegrasian nilai-nilai kearifan lokal kesenian gaok sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah sangatlah penting guna membangun kesadaran sejarah dan membina karakter peserta didik khususnya di daerah Majalengka agar menjadi manusia beradab yang tidak meninggalkan budaya lokalnya.
Kata Kunci: Kesenian Gaok, Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal, Sumber Pembalajaran Sejarah.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan dalam Website Pemerintah Daerah: Studi Empiris pada Kabupaten dan Kota di Indonesia
Authors: Yuni Yuni , Sari Vita Fitria 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of regional expenditure, administrative age, regional wealth, per capita income, audit opinion, and local revenue on the quality of disclosure of financial statements on local government websites. This research is a causative research. The population and sample of the study are the financial statements of district and city governments in Indonesia in 2019. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The type of data is secondary data. The collection technique is carried out by the documentation method, namely collecting local government financial report data and reviewing each local government website. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis with regional expenditure, administrative age, regional wealth, per capita income, audit opinion, and local revenue as the dependent variable and the quality of disclosure of financial statements on local government websites as independent variables. The results showed that audit opinion and local revenue had an effect on the quality of disclosure of financial statements on local government websites, while regional spending, administrative age, regional wealth, per capita income did not affect the quality of disclosure of financial statements on local government websites.
Pengaruh Komitmen Manajemen, Lingkungan Birokrasi, dan Pengetahuan Peraturan terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran Terkait Pengadaan Barang/Jasa
Authors: Okniafita Nindy , Handayani Dian Fitria 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determinate the effect of management commitment, bureaucratic environment, and the regulatory knowledge on budget absorption related to the procurement of goods/services in the government of Pariaman City. A sample of 88 respondents was determined by using a total sampling technique consisting of heads of fields or staff of the procurement department. Data were analyzed using multiple regression formulas with the help of the SPSS application. This study concludes that management commitment does not effect budget absorption related to goods/service procurement. Bureaucratic environment has a positive and significant effect on budget absorption related to the procurement of goods/services. Mean while, the regulatory knowledge has no effect on budget absorption related to the procurement of goods/services.
Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran dan Lingkungan Birokrasi terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran: Studi Empiris pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Furqana Syaza , Handayani Dian Fitria 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of budget planning and bureaucratic environment on budget absorption in the government of Tanah Datar Regency. The population of this research are 24 regional work units in Tanah Datar Regency. The respondents are the head of the office, finance department, asset department and expenditure treasurer. This research used primary data that used questionnaires distributed directly to 96 respondents. The results of this research indicate that 1) budget planning has positive effect on budget absorption in regional work unit in Tanah Datar Regency 2) budget planning has positive effect on budget absorption in regional work unit in Tanah Datar Regency. The contribution of the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable in the amount of 53,5%, while the remaining 56,5% explained by other variables outside the model.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK (TK) DHARMA BUNDA PEKANBARU
Authors: Agustina Raja 
Published: September 2022

The use of imprecise media in teaching and learning process had caused some problems in achieving students learning mastery. The process of teaching and learning were focused on the teachers that the students could not develop their own ideas. Related to the problems which were found in the field, the researcher tried to find the solution by applying pictures as a media in teaching and learning process. This research was aimed to see how much pictures can improve students speaking ability in Dharma Bunda Kindergarten Pekanbaru. It was hypothesized that the use of pictures in teaching and learning process can improve students speaking ability. This was a classroom action research which was conducted in Dharma Bunda Kindergarten Pekanbaru at second semester in 2008/2009 of academic year. The data was collected by administering a test and also used observation sheet for students and teachers activities. Then the data was analyzed by using quantitative approach. The result of data analysis showed that the use of pictures can improve students speaking ability in Dharma Kindergarten Bunda Pekanbaru especially for those who were registered in 2008/2009 of academic year. The implication of this research was the use of pictures can improve students activity as well as their speaking ability.
EVALUASI HASIL BELAJAR MATA KULIAH TEKNOLOGI ALAT BERAT DI JURUSAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF FT UNP BERDASARKAN STANDAR EMI LPTK
Authors: Wagino Wagino 
Published: September 2022

This research was aimed could reveal about program planning and program implementation at Heavy Equipment Technology subject in Automotive Department, Engineering Faculty, Padang State University, which refer to learning result. This research was evaluation research by using discrepancy model. Result of the research showed that program planning component got enough valuation (73,35%). While for program implementation of result section got good valuation (85,86%) and when refer to EMI LPTK Valuation Standard also belong good category (85,71%). Thus, the conclusion of this research could be revealed that for program planning of Heavy Equipment Technology learning program still needed to increase the quality. While for most learning result section in program implementation discrepancy was not occur at Heavy Equipment Technology learning in Automotive Department, Engineering Faculty, Padang State University.
EFEKTIFITAS MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME
Authors: Sari Rona Taula 
Published: September 2022

Biology learning as one of subjects demand the understanding of concept, because in Biology learning, students are faced with abstact feature. Teachers need to lead student through the meaningful of learning. They experienced themselves. As a result, they can apply the knowledge in daily life. Thus, the use of biology learning which oriented constructivism approach is expected to increase students’ activities and learning outcomes. This research is the development of 3-D models (tree D). aims to produce learning modules ninth grade biology-oriented constructivism on the human reproductive system materials are effective. The technique analysis data of this research used validation sheet, practical and effective modules. The Data analysis techniques used in the form of descriptive data, by describing the practicality of using biological learning modules through a constructivsm approach. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the learning module on biology material human reproductive system through a contructivist approach including effective categories consideration in terms of aspects student activities, student motivation, the result of learning.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PERPANGKATAN DAN AKAR SEDERHANA MELALUI PENERAPAN ALAT PERAGA ‘PAPER DAN NOKRUMTUL’ PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V DI SD NEGERI 2 BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Saryadi Zarlan 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this classroom action research is to: (1) describe mathematics learning in simple matter of powers and roots in grade V elementary school students of State 2 South Bengkulu by applying 'Paper and Nokrumtul' props; and (2) to describe the effectiveness of the Implementation of 'Paper and Nokrumtul' Toolkit on Improving Learning Outcomes of Simple Departments and Roots to Grade V Students in elementary school students of State 2 South Bengkulu. The location of this class action research activity is at elementary school State number 2 South Bengkulu. Students who are the subject of this study are students in class V with the number of 20 people consisting of 12 men of gender and 8 others came from the female sex, all students as subjects of this study will be subject to action in accordance with the flow real learning. From the results of learning activities that have been done for two cycles, and based on all the discussion and analysis that has been done can be concluded that the learning by applying the props "Paper and Nokrumtul" has a positive impact in improving student learning outcomes in class V elementary school students of State 2 South Bengkulu which is marked by the improvement of student learning outcomes in each cycle, the average value of student learning outcomes reached 78.75 with 80% learning completeness in cycle I and average learning outcomes reached 86.25 with 100% complete learning in cycle II . Implementation of learning with props "Paper and Nokrumtul" in the math lessons also have a positive influence, which can increase the motivation of students. Thus the application of learning through props "Paper and Nokrumtul" proved effective to improve learning outcomes of students.
This The Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement Techniques in Improving Sitting Resistance in ADHD children at SLB Al-Hidayah Padang
Authors: OKSARI ZONA JUNI 
Published: September 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan mendapatkan seorang anak ADHD yang mengalami kesulitan untuk duduk tenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menigkatkan ketahanan duduk bagi anak ADHD di SLB Al-Hidayah Padang. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimen dalam bentuk subjek tunggal (Single Subject Research) dengan desain A-B-A, subjek penelitian ini seorang anak ADHD, yang menunjukkan gejala hiperaktif, tidak mampu untuk duduk tenang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan durasi untuk melihat berapa lama ketahanan duduk anak dalam waktu 30 menit proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik visual grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik reinforcement positif dapat meningkatkan ketahanan duduk bagi anak ADHD di SLB Al-Hidayah Padang, dilihat dari hasil analisis data dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi.
Kata Kunci: Teknik Reinforcement, Ketahanan duduk, ADHD.

Abstract
This research was motivated by getting an ADHD child who had difficulty sitting still. This study aims to improve sitting resistance for ADHD children at SLB Al-Hidayah Padang. This type of research is an experiment in the form of a single subject (Single Subject Research) with the A-B-A design, the subject of this study is a child with ADHD, who shows symptoms of hyperactivity, unable to sit still. The data collection technique in this study uses duration to see how long the child's sitting endurance is within 30 minutes of the learning process. Data analysis techniques using visual graph analysis techniques. The results showed that the reinforcement technique could increase sitting resistance for ADHD children at SLB Al-Hidayah Padang as seen from the clean results of the research that had been discussed.
Keywords: Reinforcement Techniques, Endurance Sitting, ADHD.
Myth, Tradition and Indian Beliefs in Shashi Deshpande's "The Dark Holds No Terrors"
Authors: Jena Prajesh 
Published: September 2022

Shashi Deshpande is one of India's most well-known novelists today. Women's writing in India has a shorter history than male writing, but we are seeing a rise in the number of women authors whose fiction is being recognized internationally. They have won a slew of national and international awards and grants, and it now appears that women's writing will rise to prominence shortly as they catch up to their male counterparts. While many other women authors, such as Kamla Markandaya, Nayantara Sehgal, Ruth Prawar Jhabvala, Anita Desai, Santha Rama Rao, Attia Hussain, Padmini Sen Gupta, Nargis Dala, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Gita Mehta, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, enrich Indian English Literature, Deshpande occupies a special place She is one of the few authors working today who incorporates literary allusions, myth, and mythology into her work, effortlessly blending it with earlier results.
Deshpande has used Indian myths, legends, and people in many novels as metaphors for events, incidents, happenings, and characters. In many of her books, she incorporates Western folktales. Shashi Deshpande's writings, especially her novel "The Dark Holds No Terrors" (1980), paint a startlingly vivid picture of Indian womanhood's inner world. For too long, it has been made to stay quiet. Deshpande's use of myth and folklore in her novels exemplifies the decolonization of the Indian literary imagination. These devices are handy to the author for illuminating the inner world of women's minds since many of her novels contain female protagonists.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dalam Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Bhughe Kristina Intani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers in shaping the character of the Inpres Hale Elementary School students, as well as the challenges and obstacles faced by Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers in shaping the character of the Hale Inpres Elementary School students. This study used qualitative research methods. The survey respondents were the Principal of Inpres Hale Elementary School, Pancasila and Citizenship Education Teachers, Class VI guardians, parents, students and the community. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis through data collection, data reduction, conclusion or verification. The results showed Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers’ role was to embody the value of positive attitudes towards students, such as being polite, and punctual, dressing according to school rules and providing guidance and advice. Non-compliance with school rules, tardiness and truancy, and the influence of school, family, and environmental factors. ---------------AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Dasar Inpres Hale, serta tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi guru PPKn dalam membentuk karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Inpres Hale. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Responden survei adalah Kepala Sekolah Dasar Inpres Hale, Guru PPKn, wali kelas VI, orang tua, peserta didik dan masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru PPKn adalah mewujudkan nilai sikap positif terhadap siswa, seperti bersikap sopan, tepat waktu, berpakaian sesuai aturan sekolah dan memberikan bimbingan dan nasehat.Tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi guru PPKn dalam membentuk karakter siswa sekolah dasar Inpres Hale adalah ketidakpatuhan terhadap peraturan sekolah, keterlambatan dan tindakan membolos, serta pengaruh faktor sekolah, keluarga, dan lingkungan.