bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ethically Relevant Concept of Democracy
Authors: Komu Philbert Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The meaning of democracy has traditionally been linked to the institutionalisation of public use of reason as jointly exercised by individuals who act in accordance with moral duty rather than one’s desires. For this reason, the meaning and value of democracy are always closely linked. Popular theories of democracy, however, have only treated democracy as instrumentally valuable – merely some disposable means towards achieving and solving problems of justice, freedom, equality, etc. This has called into question the usefulness of having democracy in the first place. My aim is to show that deliberation should be taken into account in ethical analyses of democracy. Thus, I demonstrate that the concept of deliberative democracy is ethically relevant – i.e., deserves moral consideration, enables us to treat democracy as inherently valuable (or something close to it), and subsequently preserves the value of democracy both in our political and moral theorising and in our ordinary dealings.
Avoiding Global Pandemic Injustice
Authors: Chilundika Natasha , Pogge Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has highlighted the failure of the current monopoly market system of pharmaceutical industries to efficiently and equitably distribute lifesaving health commodities in a pandemic. The pre-purchasing of COVID-19 vaccines in 2021 by high income countries (outside of the global coordinated effort called the COVAX facility) has led to inequitable access to vaccines globally. This may have contributed to the development of new COVID-19 variants of concern such as ‘Omicron’. Further, vaccine inequity has resulted in the poor suffering the worst health and economic outcomes of the pandemic. COVID-19 has deepened inequalities and increased global poverty. While high income countries are on a path to recovery with pre-pandemic growth rates forecast for 2022, low and middle income countries are still in economic recession, with growth rates forecast to remain at 5.5 percentage points below pre-pandemic levels by 2024. The Health Impact Fund approach offers an alternative, whereby pharmaceutical firms profit in proportion to their contribution to reducing the disease burden rather than through monopoly rents from product sales.
Vowel Perception and Production in Native ki-Swahili Speaking Children Acquiring English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Upor Rose Acen , Olomy Joseph Joachim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the perception and production of English unrounded vowel minimal pairs /ɑ/ – /ɜ/; /æ/ – /ɑ/ and /i/ – /ɪ/, by a group of twenty native ki-Swahili speaking children averaging 9.9 years of age, who learned English through classroom instruction. The study was conducted in a typical foreign language acquisition (FLA) context. All the children participated in vowel perception and production tests. The findings revealed that the participants relied on their first language (L1) phonetic contrast knowledge when encoding vowel contrast. Moreover, factors that contributed to this problem of vowel contrast encoding included the size of the speakers’ vowel inventory, their limited exposure to spheres for interacting with the language outside the classroom environment and their social setting. Although the participants in this study demonstrated better ability in their vowel production than in their vowel perception, the results confirm those challenges that have been associated with FLA perceptual studies and how a young speaker’s first language significantly influences the child’s acquisition of English.
Safeguarding Intangible Heritage among the Wajita in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Bigambo Richard Nandiga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The waJita are among the communities in Tanzania that have their own ways of safeguarding their diverse forms of ancestrally inherited culture, which include strict observance of oral traditions, informal training and apprenticeships. Yet these community practices have been neglected in favour of more recently developed measures (e.g. digital and written documentation, revitalization and creating living museums) which are proposed by experts and foreign organizations including UNESCO. But these more modern safeguarding initiatives often fail; they also have caused conflicts between communities and the authorities overseeing such endeavours. It is instructive therefore to revisit in some detail the waJita community’s indigenous customs and practices that ensure the survival of their own traditional ceremonies. Illumination of such strategies inspires the question of how these community-based practices can be incorporated in the centrally organized formal arrangements and structures designed to preserve intangible heritages of Tanzania.
Analysis of Kenya’s Atmospheric Moisture Sources and Sinks
Authors: Keys Patrick W. , Warrier Rekha , van der Ent Ruud J. , Galvin Kathleen A. , Boone Randall B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is contingent on understanding the potential interactions among human and natural systems. In Kenya, the goal of conserving and expanding forest cover to achieve SDG 15 “Life on Land” may be related to other SDGs because it plays a role in regulating some aspects of Kenyan precipitation. We present a 40-yr analysis of the sources of precipitation in Kenya and the fate of the evaporation that arises from within Kenya. Using MERRA-2 climate reanalysis and the Water Accounting Model 2 layers, we examine the annual and seasonal changes in moisture sources and sinks. We find that most of Kenya’s precipitation originates as oceanic evaporation but that 10% of its precipitation originates as evaporation within Kenya. This internal recycling is concentrated in the mountainous and forested Kenyan highlands, with some locations recycling more than 15% of evaporation to Kenyan precipitation. We also find that 75% of Kenyan evaporation falls as precipitation elsewhere over land, including 10% in Kenya, 25% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and around 5% falling in Tanzania and Uganda. Further, we find a positive relationship between increasing rates of moisture recycling and fractional forest cover within Kenya. By beginning to understand both the seasonal and biophysical interactions taking place, we may begin to understand the types of leverage points that exist for integrated atmospheric water cycle management. These findings have broader implications for disentangling environmental management and conservation and have relevance for large-scale discussions about sustainable development.
Mental distress and substance use among rural Black South African youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET)
Authors: Mngoma Nomusa F. , Ayonrinde Oyedeji A. 
Published: July 2022

Background: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), even higher among Black South Africans. SA’s NEET rates are 3 times those of UK; 5.4 times of Germany; 1.3 times of Brazil; and 2.5 times of Malaysia. Given that youths between 15 and 24 years of age make up 24% of the total population, these are significant challenges for the economy and further fuel the cyclical, pervasive and enduring nature of poverty. We hypothesised that rural youth who are NEET would have a greater prevalence of mental disorders and higher rates of substance use compared to their non-NEET counterparts. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in rates of psychological distress and substance use between NEET and non-NEET rural African 14- to 24-year-old young men. Methods: The study took place in a remote and rural district municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We divided the district’s five sub-municipalities into two clusters (large and small) and randomly selected one from each cluster for inclusion in the study. We further randomly selected wards from each sub-municipality and then rural settlements from each ward, for inclusion in the study. We recruited young men as part of a larger study to explore sociocultural factors important in gender-based violence in rural SA. We compared 15- to 19-year old and 20- to 24-year old youth NEET and non-NEET on rates of psychological distress symptoms (depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, hopelessness and worthlessness) and substance misuse (including alcohol, cannabis, other recreational drugs) using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) statistics at p < .005 level of significance level. Results: About 23% of the 355 male participants were NEET. There were no statistically significant differences in psychological distress or substance use between youth NEET and non-NEET, controlling for age. Conclusion: The study highlights difficult transitions to post-secondary education and work for Black youth in rural SA where opportunities for employment are limited. Education, training and employment appear to offer limited benefit.
Mandatory Versus Voluntary Implementation of Salt Iodization Program for the Last Two Decades in Ethiopia: A Comparative Review of Existing Literatures
Authors: Asfaw Agize , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: July 2022

Background: Ethiopian government was implementing mandatory salt iodization program for the last decade to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders, but several recent studies reported mixed findings. Objective: This review aimed to assess the difference in implementation of iodized salt program 10 years before and after mandatory salt iodization being implemented in Ethiopia since 2011. Methods: In Ethiopia, legislation that enforces salt producers to iodize all salts used for human consumption started in February 2011. All studies about iodine deficiency and iodized salt conducted in Ethiopia in the last 2 decades were searched. Searches were performed in PubMed database. Google Scholar, Iodine Global Network, and Ethiopian Public Health Institute websites were also searched. Results: A total of 235 titles and abstracts were identified. After scanning the abstracts and full papers, 43 articles were remained for final data synthesis. In this review, all studies conducted before 2011 reported a urinary iodine concentration (UIC) value of < 100 μg/L and 66.7% of them reported a goiter prevalence of > 30%. On the other hand, among studies conducted after 2011, 88.9% reported UIC value < 100 μg/L and 73.7% reported goiter prevalence of > 30%. Household availability of adequately iodized salt increased from nearly 20% in pre 2011 to more than 50% in post 2011 period. Conclusion: Despite the efforts made by the Ethiopian government on mandatory salt iodization for the last decade, iodine deficiency is sustained in the country. Moreover, the goal of universal salt iodization program is offtrack and needs urgent revision. Registration: Registered on PROSPERO register with reg. no CRD42021251124.
Capecitabine-related neurotoxicity presenting with agraphia
Authors: Iscan Dilek , Tolay Rumeysa , Bayram Ertugrul , Demir Turgay , Bicakci Sebnem 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Capecitabine is a pre-metabolite of 5-fluorouracil and is used as a chemotherapeutic agent. Among the common side effects of capecitabine, there are gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and dermatological side effects including hand-foot syndrome and skin pigmentation change. However, neurological side effects of capecitabine are very rare. We describe herein a patient who developed neurological side effects in the form of agraphia and dysarthria on the 7th day of capecitabine treatment. Case Report A 34-year-old male patient, who was being followed up with the diagnosis of colon cancer, presented with speech and writing disorder that developed while under capecitabine treatment. Dysarthria and agraphia were detected in his neurological examination. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute diffusion restriction in the splenium of the corpus callosum and at the level of the bilateral centrum semiovale. Brain MRI revealed symmetrical T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) signal increases at the right temporoparietal medial, corpus callosum level, and bilateral white matter level. Management & Outcome The capecitabine treatment was terminated, and methylprednisolone treatment was administered and plasmapheresis procedure was carried out. Subsequently, significant improvement was observed in the clinical findings and neuroimaging. Discussion Capecitabine is used as an oral agent; thus, it provides ease of use. Neurological side effects associated with the use of capecitabine reportedly occur very rarely. The findings of this case demonstrated that leukoencephalopathy can be seen during the use of capecitabine, imaging results are very important in the diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy, and improvement can be achieved with the termination of the capecitabine treatment.
Election promises on children’s wellbeing and health 2015 to 2021 – a study of Finnish voting advice applications database
Authors: Hiilamo Aapo , Ristikari Tiina , Helve Otto , Kaila Minna , Jalonen Harri , Virtanen Petri 
Published: July 2022

Background: According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children’s views should be heard in policymaking. But it remains unclear to what extent children’s wellbeing is considered in election promises Methods: We investigated the extent to which Finnish political candidates consider children and their wellbeing in their election promises. We used YLE, the national broadcaster’s voting advice application database, and analysed some 35,000 politicians’ election promises made in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary and the 2017 and 2021 municipal elections. We calculated the proportion of candidates who mentioned children and examined the content of the election promises in which children were mentioned. Logistic regression models were used to examine the role of the background of the characteristics of candidates. Results: In the 2015 and 2019 elections, some 12% and 19% of candidates, respectively, mentioned children in their election promises. The figures for the 2017 and 2021 municipal elections were higher at 19% and 24%, respectively. In the 2021 election, the candidates considering children in their election promises were younger and had higher education qualifications. Inspection of a random set of 350 promises indicated that common issues mentioned in respect of children were education and hobby activities. Concrete proposals to improve the wellbeing of children were rarely put forward. Conclusions: Political candidates are increasingly considering children in their election promises but concrete proposals to improve the wellbeing and health of children are rare. Effective policy solutions to improve the health of children should be discussed in election debates.
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity-diffusion-weighted imaging mismatch and functional outcome after endovascular reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Tokunaga Keisuke , Tokunaga So , Hara Kenta , Yasaka Masahiro , Okada Yasushi , Kitazono Takanari , Tsumoto Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2022

Background Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity (FVH) outside of the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion, termed FVH-DWI mismatch, may represent penumbral tissue with good collateral status. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent endovascular reperfusion therapy (EVT) for acute internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA)-M1 occlusion were enrolled. FVH-DWI mismatch score was defined as the number of cortical Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score areas (I and M1 to M6) that involved FVH but no DWI lesion (0 to 7 points). The outcome measure was set as good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, at 90 days after onset. Results Of 196 consecutive patients who underwent EVT for acute ICA or MCA-M1 occlusion, 32 without brain MRI before EVT were excluded, and the remaining 164 were analyzed. The median FVH-DWI mismatch score was 2 (interquartile range, 0 to 4). At 90 days after EVT, 2 patients were lost-to follow-up, and 73 had good functional outcome. The frequency of good functional outcome at 90 days after EVT increased significantly with increasing FVH-DWI mismatch score (P for trend <0.001). FVH-DWI mismatch score was independently associated with good functional outcome at 90 days after onset (adjusted odds ratio per 1 point,1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.89). Conclusions Patients with large FVH-DWI mismatch had good functional outcome after EVT for acute ICA or MCA-M1 occlusion.
Pre-attack and pre-episode symptoms in cluster headache: a multicenter cross-sectional study of 327 Chinese patients
Authors: Li Ke , Sun Shuping , Xue Zhanyou , Chen Sufen , Ju Chunyang , Hu Dongmei , Gao Xiaoyu , Wang Yanhong , Wang Dan , Chen Jianjun , Li Li , Liu Jing , Zhang Mingjie , Jia Zhihua , Han Xun , Liu Huanxian , He Mianwang , Zhao Wei , Gong Zihua , Zhang Shuhua , Lin Xiaoxue , Liu Yingyuan , Wang Shengshu , Yu Shengyuan , Dong Zhao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
There have been a few studies regarding the pre-attack symptoms (PAS) and pre-episode symptoms (PES) of cluster headache (CH), but none have been conducted in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and features of PAS and PES in Chinese patients, as well as to investigate their relationships with pertinent factors.

Methods
The study included patients who visited a tertiary headache center and nine other headache clinics between January 2019 and September 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect general data and information about PAS and PES.

Results
Among the 327 patients who met the CH criteria (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition), 269 (82.3%) patients experienced at least one PAS. The most common PAS were head and facial discomfort (74.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis depicted that the number of triggers (OR = 1.798, p = 0.001), and smoking history (OR = 2.067, p = 0.026) were correlated with increased odds of PAS. In total, 68 (20.8%) patients had PES. The most common symptoms were head and facial discomfort (23, 33.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the number of triggers were associated with increased odds of PES (OR = 1.372, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
PAS are quite common in CH patients, demonstrating that CH attacks are not comprised of a pain phase alone; investigations of PAS and PES could help researchers better understand the pathophysiology of CH.
Canary: an automated tool for the conversion of MaCH imputed dosage files to PLINK files
Authors: Bennett Adam N. , Rainford Jethro , Huang Xiaotai , He Qian , Chan Kei Hang Katie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated the value of re-analysing publicly available genetics data with recent analytical approaches. Publicly available datasets, such as the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) offered by the database of genotypes and phenotypes (dbGaP), provide a wealthy resource for researchers to perform multiple analyses, including Genome-Wide Association Studies. Often, the genetic information of individuals in these datasets are stored in imputed dosage files output by MaCH; mldose and mlinfo files. In order for researchers to perform GWAS studies with this data, they must first be converted to a file format compatible with their tool of choice e.g., PLINK. Currently, there is no published tool which easily converts the datasets provided in MACH dosage files into PLINK-ready files.

Results
Herein, we present Canary a singularity-based tool which converts MaCH dosage files into PLINK-compatible files with a single line of user input at the command line. Further, we provide a detailed tutorial on preparation of phenotype files. Moreover, Canary comes with preinstalled software often used during GWAS studies, to further increase the ease-of-use of HPC systems for researchers.

Conclusions
Until now, conversion of imputed data in the form of MaCH mldose and mlinfo files needed to be completed manually. Canary uses singularity container technology to allow users to automatically convert these MaCH files into PLINK compatible files. Additionally, Canary provides researchers with a platform to conduct GWAS analysis more easily as it contains essential software needed for conducting GWAS studies, such as PLINK and Bioconductor. We hope that this tool will greatly increase the ease at which researchers can perform GWAS with imputed data, particularly on HPC environments.
Joint analysis of scATAC-seq datasets using epiConv
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Liye 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Technical improvement in ATAC-seq makes it possible for high throughput profiling the chromatin states of single cells. However, data from multiple sources frequently show strong technical variations, which is referred to as batch effects. In order to perform joint analysis across multiple datasets, specialized method is required to remove technical variations between datasets while keep biological information.

Results
Here we present an algorithm named epiConv to perform joint analyses on scATAC-seq datasets. We first show that epiConv better corrects batch effects and is less prone to over-fitting problem than existing methods on a collection of PBMC datasets. In a collection of mouse brain data, we show that epiConv is capable of aligning low-depth scATAC-Seq from co-assay data (simultaneous profiling of transcriptome and chromatin) onto high-quality ATAC-seq reference and increasing the resolution of chromatin profiles of co-assay data. Finally, we show that epiConv can be used to integrate cells from different biological conditions (T cells in normal vs. germ-free mouse; normal vs. malignant hematopoiesis), which reveals hidden cell populations that would otherwise be undetectable.

Conclusions
In this study, we introduce epiConv to integrate multiple scATAC-seq datasets and perform joint analysis on them. Through several case studies, we show that epiConv removes the batch effects and retains the biological signal. Moreover, joint analysis across multiple datasets improves the performance of clustering and differentially accessible peak calling, especially when the biological signal is weak in single dataset.