bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and analysis of four countries’ recalls of osteosynthesis implants and joint replacement implants from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Wang Yang , Xu Kai , Wang Yuchen , Ye Weijie , Hao Xinyi , Wang Shouli , Li Kun , Du Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical devices are used in almost all orthopedic surgical subspecialties, and the frequency of adverse events is increasing, which should not be ignored. To provide suggestions on how to avoid implant recalls from the perspective of manufacturers, medical institutions and supervisions, as well as how to respond promptly to adverse events.

Methods
The research extracted recalls of osteosynthesis implants and joint replacement implants from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2021, in the CNMPA, FDA, HC and ATGA websites and collected the information on device name, recall time, recall class, recall manufacturer, device classification and affected areas. Moreover, the McKinsey 7S model and fishbone diagram were used to analyze recall reasons.

Results
A total of 315 cases of osteosynthesis implants and 286 cases of joint replacement implants were reported in China, the USA, Canada and Australia. The recalls number from 2016 to 2021 was more than that from 2011 to 2015 for osteosynthesis implant (p = 0.012) and joint replacement implant (p = 0.002), and both mainly focused on class II (76.19% and 78.32%). There were statistical differences in the four countries for both implants (p = 0.000), especially osteosynthesis implant between China and the USA (p = 0.000), China and Canada (p = 0.001), the USA and Australia (p = 0.002), and joint replacement implant between China and Australia (p = 0.000).

Conclusions
To avoid the recalls of such implants, manufacturers should strictly select implant materials and components, develop detailed labels and instructions, severely control the packaging process and establish the integrity of medical device data. Medical institutions should standardize procurement procedures, use qualified equipment and train medical workers. It also requires supervisions to conduct premarket safety assessments. In addition, regulators should strengthen supervision and establish reporting systems to deal with the occurrence of adverse events promptly.
Relationship between children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their caregivers and friends during early phase of COVID-19 school closure in Japan: Association with difficulty in implementing infection prevention measures
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoka , Tanaka Sanae , Yoshizaki Arika , Yoshimura Yuko , Fauzi Aishah Ahmad , Syarinaz Aida , Adlan Ahmad , Jayanath Subhashini , Hamzah Norhamizan , Fujino Haruo , Tachibana Masaya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic people had to implement various infection prevention measures. Researchers have reported the difficulties experienced by children with neurodevelopmental disorders in implementing these measures and their caregivers’ resultant anxiety and stress. This study examined the relationship between these difficulties and the deterioration of the children’s relationships with their caregivers and friends during school closure and after school reopened.

Methods
A total of 150 caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders answered a questionnaire asking about parent‒child relationships, their child’s friendships, and the presence or absence of difficulty in implementing infection prevention measures at three time points: before the pandemic, while schools were closed, and after school reopened. The frequency and percentages of the child’s behavioral problems, deterioration in their relationships, and difficulty implementing infection control measures were calculated. Using the relationship deterioration scores, independent and multiple regression analyses were performed for the presence or absence of difficulty implementing infection control measures, presence or absence of caregivers’ mental health concerns, and the presence or absence of deterioration of one or more problematic behaviors.

Results
Overall, 84.1% of the children displayed difficulties implementing infection prevention measures. No relationship was observed between difficulty with infection prevention measures and deterioration in their relationships with parents and friends when schools were closed. After school reopened, however, deterioration in parent‒child relationships correlated positively with difficulty in hand-washing, and deterioration of friendships correlated positively with the maintenance of social distancing and difficulty in hand-washing. Deterioration of friendships correlated negatively with difficulty in voluntarily complying with stay-at-home requests.

Conclusion
Difficulty in implementing infection prevention measures was related to deterioration in social relationships with parents and friends of children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the school reopening period, following COVID-19 school closure in Japan. Under a condition requiring heightened infection control, close monitoring may be necessary for the social relationships in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Patient and provider perspectives on polygenic risk scores: implications for clinical reporting and utilization
Authors: Lewis Anna C. F. , Perez Emma F. , Prince Anya E. R. , Flaxman Hana R. , Gomez Lizbeth , Brockman Deanna G. , Chandler Paulette D. , Kerman Benjamin J. , Lebo Matthew S. , Smoller Jordan W. , Weiss Scott T. , Blout Zawatksy Carrie L. , Meigs James B. , Green Robert C. , Vassy Jason L. , Karlson Elizabeth W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Polygenic risk scores (PRS), which offer information about genomic risk for common diseases, have been proposed for clinical implementation. The ways in which PRS information may influence a patient’s health trajectory depend on how both the patient and their primary care provider (PCP) interpret and act on PRS information. We aimed to probe patient and PCP responses to PRS clinical reporting choices

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews of both patients (N=25) and PCPs (N=21) exploring responses to mock PRS clinical reports of two different designs: binary and continuous representations of PRS.

Results
Many patients did not understand the numbers representing risk, with high numeracy patients being the exception. However, all the patients still understood a key takeaway that they should ask their PCP about actions to lower their disease risk. PCPs described a diverse range of heuristics they would use to interpret and act on PRS information. Three separate use cases for PRS emerged: to aid in gray-area clinical decision-making, to encourage patients to do what PCPs think patients should be doing anyway (such as exercising regularly), and to identify previously unrecognized high-risk patients. PCPs indicated that receiving “below average risk” information could be both beneficial and potentially harmful, depending on the use case. For “increased risk” patients, PCPs were favorable towards integrating PRS information into their practice, though some would only act in the presence of evidence-based guidelines. PCPs describe the report as more than a way to convey information, viewing it as something to structure the whole interaction with the patient. Both patients and PCPs preferred the continuous over the binary representation of PRS (23/25 and 17/21, respectively). We offer recommendations for the developers of PRS to consider for PRS clinical report design in the light of these patient and PCP viewpoints.

Conclusions
PCPs saw PRS information as a natural extension of their current practice. The most pressing gap for PRS implementation is evidence for clinical utility. Careful clinical report design can help ensure that benefits are realized and harms are minimized.
Elastic band resistance training increases adropin and ameliorates some cardiometabolic risk factors in elderly women: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Azamian Jazi Akbar , Moradi Sarteshnizi Esmaeil , Fathi Mahshid , Azamian Jazi Zahra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The decline in adropin over the aging process is associated with cardiometabolic risks, and resistance training may affect this decline. We hypothesized that elastic band resistance training (EBRT) would be an effective exercise for increasing adropin and improving the cardiometabolic profile in elderly women.

Methods
We randomly assigned 28 overweight elderly women (age = 74.04 ± 4.69 years) into one of two groups, EBRT (n = 14) or control (CON; n = 14), to participate in a 12-week (3d/wk) supervised EBRT program. The serum levels of adropin and cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. The exercise training protocol consisted of three supervised training sessions (55 min) per week for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
EBRT significantly increased serum adropin levels (p = 0.026), number of repetitions in the 30-second chair-stand test (p = 0.016), and number of repetitions in the 30-second arm curl test (p = 0.032). Moreover, EBRT significantly decreased serum levels of insulin (p = 0.035), TNF-α (p = 0.046), hsCRP (p = 0.037), and insulin resistance (p = 0.045) as well as body fat percentage (p = 0.023). There were no significant between-group differences (p > 0.05) in glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, BMI, and WHR; however, glucose, TC, TG, and BMI significantly changed in the EBRT group (within-group). Furthermore, adropin correlated with body fat percentage (p = 0.020) and BMI (p = 0.014) at pretest and with body fat percentage at posttest (p = 0.016), however, delta values were not significantly related. No correlation was observed between adropin and other biomarkers at any stage of the study.

Conclusion
EBRT can increase serum adropin levels, which has been associated with improved insulin sensitivity, inflammation, body fat percentage, and physical function in overweight elderly women.
Effect of trunk exercise upon lumbar IVD height and vertebral compliance when performed supine with 1 g at the CoM compared to upright in 1 g
Authors: Marcos-Lorenzo D. , Frett T. , Gil-Martinez A. , Speer M. , Swanenburg J. , Green D. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal unloading in microgravity is associated with stature increments, back pain, intervertebral disc (IVD) swelling and impaired spinal kinematics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lateral stabilization, trunk rotation and isometric abdominal exercise upon lumbar IVD height, and both passive and active vertebral compliance when performed supine on a short-arm human centrifuge (SAHC)—a candidate microgravity countermeasure—with 1 g at the CoM, compared to that generated with equivalent upright exercise in 1 g.

Methods
12 (8 male) healthy subjects (33.8 ± 7 years, 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, 72.1 ± 9.6 kg) gave written informed consent. Subjects performed three sets of upper body trunk exercises either when standing upright (UPRIGHT), or when being spun on the SAHC. Lumbar IVD height and vertebral compliance (active and passive) were evaluated prior to SAHC (PRE SAHC) and following the first SAHC (POST SPIN 1) and second Spin (POST SPIN 2), in addition to before (PRE UPRIGHT), and after upright trunk exercises (POST UPRIGHT).

Results
No significant effect upon IVD height (L2–S1) when performed UPRIGHT or on the SAHC was observed. Trunk muscle exercise induced significant (p < 0.05) reduction of active thoracic vertebral compliance when performed on the SAHC, but not UPRIGHT. However, no effect was observed in the cervical, lumbar or across the entire vertebral column. On passive or active vertebral compliance.

Conclusion
This study, the first of its kind demonstrates that trunk exercise were feasible and tolerable. Whilst trunk muscle exercise appears to have minor effect upon IVD height, it may be a candidate approach to mitigate—particularly active—vertebral stability on Earth, and in μg via concurrent SAHC. However, significant variability suggests larger studies including optimization of trunk exercise and SAHC prescription with MRI are warranted.

Trial Registration

North Rhine ethical committee (Number: 6000223393) and registered on 29/09/2020 in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021750).
Krüppel-like factor 7 deficiency causes autistic-like behavior in mice via regulating Clock gene
Authors: Tian Hui , Jiao Yanwen , Guo Mingyue , Wang Yilin , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Cao , Chen Xiongbiao , Tian Weiming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Krüppel-like factor 7 (klf7), a transcription factor in the nervous system to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, has been recently identified as a causal gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the mechanism behind remains unknown.

Result
To uncover this mechanism, in this study we characterized the involvement of klf7 in circadian rhythm by knocking down klf7 in N2A cells and examining the rhythmic expression of circadian genes, especially Clock gene. We constructed klf7−/− mice and then investigated into klf7 regulation on the expression of rhythm genes in vivo as well as the use of melatonin to rescue the autism behavior. Our results illustrated that circadian rhythm was disrupted in klf7 knockdown cells and that klf7−/− mice showed autism-like behavior. Also, we found that Clock gene was downregulated in the brain of these klf7−/− mice and that the downstream rhythm genes of Clock were disturbed. Melatonin, as a circadian regulation drug, could regulate the expression level and amplitude of rhythm genes in klf7 knockout cells and further rescue the autistic behavior of klf7−/− mice.

Conclusion
Klf7 deficiency causes ASD by disrupting circadian rhythm related genes to trigger rhythm oscillations. To treat ASD, maintaining circadian homeostasis is promising with the use of melatonin.
Factors influencing consumption of traditional diets: stakeholder views regarding sago consumption among the indigenous peoples of West Papua
Authors: Sidiq Fathir Fajar , Coles David , Hubbard Carmen , Clark Beth , Frewer Lynn J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The indigenous people living in the province of West Papua may experience potential food insecurity, in part attributable to increased local adoption of, and reliance on, imported foods such as rice. At the same time, the consumption of sago, a traditional local food, is lower than other types of carbohydrate foods such as wheat and cassava. Various factors may act as influential drivers of local diets and related agricultural practices, such as local socio-economic and agronomic factors, as well as cultural practices which in turn may be influenced by the attitudes and opinions of stakeholders with interests in the supply chain.

Methods
Qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews) was applied to understand the various factors perceived by a selected number of stakeholders that influence sago consumption among the indigenous peoples of West Papua. These stakeholders included politicians, local and national civil servants, academics, sago farmers, and food activists (n = 18). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results
The results indicate that the stakeholders perceive that the majority of the West Papuan people regard sago as a traditional food that is critical to, and inseparable from, local culture and food production practices. The results suggest that the stakeholders interviewed support the consumption of sago to improve food security for the indigenous people in West Papua, with a need for future policy to be developed to support this.

Conclusions
The evidence presented here suggests a diverse range of local stakeholders support the continuation of sago production and consumption, both from the perspective of improved food security, and in order to conserve cultural associations and activities within local communities. According to the stakeholders interviewed, this can be best achieved through improved engagement of local communities with sago production policies, innovation in current practices, and agronomic management. Local policies should be developed to ensure that sago remains an integral component of the Papuan people's culture, and develops into a significant commodity with economic value which simultaneously contributes to environmental targets.
Identified or conflicted: a latent class and regression tree analysis explaining how identity constructs cluster within smokers
Authors: Meijer E. , Gebhardt W. A. , van Laar C. , Chavannes N. H. , van den Putte B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentity, or ‘who I am’, is important for smoking behaviour. Identity constructs (parts of a person’s identity) are typically examined as separate entities, but emerging evidence suggests that the multifaceted nature of identity is relevant in the context of smoking. This cross-sectional study examined how smoking-related self- and group-identity constructs cluster within adult daily smokers (N = 231), whether classes of smokers can be distinguished based on clusters of identity constructs, and which factors explain class membership. Data were collected online in The Netherlands and Belgium, 2017–2018. Latent class and regression tree analyses showed that participants in Class 1 of ‘Identified smokers’ (estimated population share 54%) reported stronger smoker self- and group-identities, stronger expected identity loss when quitting smoking, and weaker quitter self-identities and non-smoker self- and group-identities (vs. Class 2 of ‘Conflicted smokers’). Class membership was explained by the interaction between mental smoking dependence (dominant explanatory variable), consideration of future consequences, age of smoking onset, self-efficacy, and future self thought clarity. Models had good fit. The identity of more dependent smokers is more strongly oriented toward smoking. Smoking is also more strongly embedded in the identity of smokers who started smoking young, are less inclined to think about the future, and have lower self-efficacy.
Designing radical transitions: a plea for a new governance culture to empower deep transformative change
Authors: Loorbach Derk A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis explorative paper introduces the idea of radical transitions as a necessary starting point for policy and governance. The urgency to achieve transformative change facing climate change and biodiversity loss is now broadly shared, but the dominant policy and market logics of innovation, optimization and risk management persist. In for example the urban mobility transition, we do see a technological shift towards electric mobility but not automatically a deeper cultural, spatial and behavioral shift towards cities in which as less vehicles and space are used to provide as much and as affordable mobility to all. We see a similar pattern in the built environment and food systems: the logics of policy and markets dictate optimization through (technological) innovation, while already for decades more radical alternatives have been developing and maturing locally worldwide. In this paper we explore how the basic principles and approach of transition management can be enriched with insights and methods from design to help institutionalize and mainstream the more radical alternatives.
Contextual effects on students’ achievement and academic self-concept in the Nordic and Chinese educational systems
Authors: Yang Hansen Kajsa , Radišić Jeléna , Ding Yi , Liu Xin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The current study investigates school contextual effects on students’ academic self-concept and achievement, that is, peer socioeconomic effect and big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), in four Nordic education systems (i.e., Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) and selected Chinese education systems (Hong Kong and Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang). The two school contextual effects are studied simultaneously to negate the confounding effects of student and school socioeconomic status (SES), academic self-concept and academic achievement. The study focuses on the following research questions:

Are there differences in the between-school variation in school SES composition, academic self-concept and reading literacy across the Nordic and selected Chinese education systems?

What are the sizes of peer SES and BFLPE in the Nordic and Chinese education systems?

Are there any differences that can be observed between the 2000 and 2018 data for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the first two questions for Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and Hong Kong?

Methods
Using PISA 2000 and 2018 data from Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Hong Kong and Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang (in 2018 only), a multiple-group two-level structural equation modelling was applied to estimate the school contextual effect.

Results
The current study indicated that school academic and socioeconomic segregation intensified over the two decades in most of the studied countries. This finding lays the groundwork for understanding the two schools’ contextual effects. School SES compositions positively affected students’ academic achievement, while average school achievement negatively affected students’ academic self-concept. Given that students’ academic and socioeconomic composition has become more homogeneous within schools, the contextual effects were more pronounced. However, variations across diverse education systems were also notable.

Conclusions
The current study adds evidence of the school contextual effects regarding the peer SES effects and robustness of the BFLPE, considering the nested structure of the data and diverse cultural milieu. We argue that these diversities reflect the varying extent to which educational reforms were introduced in different countries, here as oriented to marketisation, privatisation and choice. These reform actions have changed the composition of students at schools and school culture, which moulds individual students’ cognitive and noncognitive development.
Nanomaterials-based portable electrochemical sensing and biosensing systems for clinical and biomedical applications
Authors: Maduraiveeran Govindhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMiniaturized electrochemical sensing systems are employed in day-to-day uses in the several area from public health to scientific applications. A variety of electrochemical sensor and biosensor systems may not be effectively employed in real-world diagnostic laboratories and biomedical industries due to their limitation of portability, cost, analytical period, and need of skilled trainer for operating devices. The design of smart and portable sensors with high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid measurement, and reusable platforms is the driving strength for sensing glucose, lactate, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, mRNA, etc. The enhancement of sensing abilities of such sensor devices through the incorporation of both novel sensitive nanomaterials and design of sensor strategies are evidenced. Miniaturization, cost and energy efficient, online and quantitative detection and multiple sensing ability are the beneficial of the nanostructured-material-based electrochemical sensor and biosensor systems. Owing to the discriminating catalytic action, solidity and biocompatibility for designing sensing system, nanoscale materials empowered electrochemical detection systems are accomplished of being entrenched into/combined with portable or miniaturized devices for specific applications. In this review, the advance development of portable and smart sensing/biosensing systems derived from nanoscale materials for clinical and biomedical applications is described.
Graphical Abstract