bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus suis is a lethal pathogen in snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis
Authors: Dinh-Hung Nguyen , Dong Ha Thanh , Taengphu Suwimon , Soontara Chayanit , Rodkhum Channarong , Senapin Saengchan , Chatchaiphan Satid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the causative agent of an outbreak with clinical signs similar to those of piscine streptococcosis in farmed snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis). Initial microscopic examination revealed the predominance of a Gram-positive, cocci bacteria in the brain and kidney of the diseased fish. This bacterium was successfully isolated and identified as Streptococcus suis based on nucleotide homology of 16S rDNA and species-specific PCR. This isolate tested negative for serotype 2, a major zoonotic serotype. Experimental infection was then performed to investigate the pathogenicity of the bacterium and its histopathological manifestation. Naïve juvenile and adult snakeskin gourami were injected intraperitoneally with a low dose (1.2×105 CFU/fish) and a high dose (1.2×107 CFU/fish) of S. suis. Cumulative mortality appeared to be dose- and size-dependent. Experimentally diseased fish exhibited clinical signs consistent with naturally diseased fish. Severe histopathological changes in multiple organs were observed in both juvenile and adult fish, including meningitis, severe congestion in the brain and eyes, thickened stromal layers of the retina, severe hepatic lipidosis and tissue degeneration. Notably, numerous granulomas containing massive bacterial cells in the necrotic core were observed in the infected fish. Relatively pure colonies of S. suis were recovered from tissues of experimentally diseased fish. Taken together, this study fulfilled Koch’s postulates, indicating that S. suis is a new piscine pathogen. Although this is a case report, public awareness and biosecurity measures should be considered to prevent the spread of the disease. Further surveillance of the pathogen's distribution and research into the underlying causes of fish-host adaptation will provide insights into the genuine impact and appropriate disease control strategies.
Prevalence of Complications and Pericoronitis in Third Molar Surgery: a Cross-sectional Study Using a Brazilian Population Sample of 3455 Teeth. Part 1: the Mandible
Authors: CYPRIANO Rafael Vago , CANCADO Renata Pittella , CARLETTE Caroline Arantes Simmer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Extraction of third molars is one the most common procedures carried out by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and the potential complications of such intervention are well-documented.PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to find the associations between these complications and variables related either to the teeth or the patients and thus help surgeons to predict and prevent them.METHODS: Our study evaluate the prevalence of complications in extractions of the lower third molars using a Brazilian population sample over a period of 10 years to establish the probability of these complications and their association with variables such as age, sex and tooth position in the arch. The same variables were used to determine previous pericoronitis. This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, following the STROBE guidelines.RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: One thousand and nine patients had 1,822 third molars extracted, with no associations detected between systemic conditions and complications, although these patients are 1.9 times more likely to have pericoronitis. Pericoronitis was more prevalent in healthy patients, with Pell & Gregory classification A and III and distoangular position. These findings corroborate the current literature when comparing Pell and Gregory classification and the higher prevalence of complications.
Case Report: Relapse in Malaria With Cerebral Involvement
Authors: R Alberto González , Duran Silvia Juliana , Chaparro Estefania Barrios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Malaria is an endemic parasitosis in more than 80 countries and with a record of reported cases by 2020 of more than 200 million. Recent literature has been emphatic in increasingly demonstrating the economic impact and severity of disease caused by Plasmodium vivax. This case report decribes a A 19-year-old colombian male patient, active soldier, previously healthy, resident for 6 months in the city of Bogotá, reporting a clinical picture of 4 days of evolution characterized by quantified febrile spikes of up to 39 degrees, headache, arthralgia and several diarrheal episodes with non-dysenteric water content. Associated with the above, the patient presented a seizure of 3 minutes of duration with generalized tonic-clonic movements, superelevation of the gaze without relaxation of the sphincters, drowsiness and total amnesia of the event. He refers as the only relevant pathological history the presence of Malaria treated 6 months before while residing in the Amazon Department. In consideration of the referred history of malaria, it is decided to take a thick blood smear to search for haemoparasites whose result was positive for Plasmodium vivax. With the above findings, management began with intravenous artesunate under the consideration of complicated malaria by P. vivax with cerebral involment secondary to a relapse.
Model-based investigation of elasticity and spectral exponent from atomic force microscopy and electrophysiology in normal versus Schizophrenia human cerebral organoids
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Biber John , Bae Yongho , Augustyniak Justyna , Liput Michal , Stachowiak Ewa , Stachowiak Michal K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The physiological origin of the aperiodic signal present in the electrophysiological recordings, called 1/f neural noise, is unknown; nevertheless, it has been associated with health and disease. The power spectrum slope, -a in 1/fa, has been postulated to be related to the dynamic balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Our study found that human cerebral organoids grown from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from Schizophrenia patients (SCZ) showed structural changes associated with altered elasticity compared to that of the normal cerebral organoids. Furthermore, mitochondrial drugs modulated the elasticity in SCZ that was found related to the changes in the spectral exponent. Therefore, we developed an electro-mechanical model that related the microtubular-actin tensegrity structure to the elasticity and the 1/fa noise. Model-based analysis showed that a decrease in the number and length of the constitutive elements in the tensegrity structure decreased its elasticity and made the spectral exponent more negative while thermal white noise will make a=0. Based on the microtubular-actin model and the cross-talk in structural (elasticity) and functional (electrophysiology) response, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics in SCZ are postulated to be related to the deficits in mitochondrial-cytoskeletal interactions for long-range transport of mitochondria to support synaptic activity for E/I balance.
Radicals scavenging potentials and mosquito vectors’ bio-control measures from bioactive principles of the marine red algae Porteria hornemannii
Authors: Arumugam Maruthupandian , Karuppannan Saranya , Govindasamy Balasubramani , Palaniappan Nithya , Lakshmanan Archana , Maluventhan Viji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the presence of phytochemicals, yield of extract, total phenol and flavonoids content of the red seaweed Porteria hornemannii. For the extraction of metabolites from P. hornemannii, two different solvents like methanol and chloroform were used. In the phytochemical test, the methanol extract of P. hornemannii (MEPH) showed superior results in comparison with chloroform. After the crude methanol extract is purified by 86%, it is subjected to a quantitative method which, respectively, determined the total phenol content to be (1.60 ± 0.13 mg.GAE/g) and flavonoid content to be (1.302 ± 0.4 mg.GAE/g). The GC-MS analyses of MEPH revealed 20 compounds, in which, n-hexadeconic acid (Rt-27.385; peak area − 41.88%) and 9, 12, Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (Rt-29.879; peak area − 19.49%) were the major ones. Based on the concentration of MEPH, both the ABTS and the hydroxyl radical scavenging assays showed increased activity. The larvicidal activity of MEPH tested against three mosquito larvae and found that only Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was highly sensitive (100% mortality) with the LC50 and LC90 value of 2.476 ppm and 13.207 ppm, respectively. Finally, the seaweed P. hornemannii could be considered for the future nutraceutical and bio-control agents, which may also be impervious to cancer and vector-borne diseases in human.
Development and internal validation of an improved prognostic model with limited resources (Broaln-MEWS) for predicting 28-day mortality of critical illness: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xianming , yang Rui , Tan Yuanfei , Zhou Yaoliang , Lu Biyun , Ji Xiaoying , chen Hongda , Cai Jinwen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrognostic models in intensive care unit (ICU) were extensively applied in high-income countries, but were limited in lower income countries for lack of resource. A simple prognostic model for easy use in ICU was more attractive. The modified early warning score (MEWS), age, body mass index (BMI), red cell distribution width(RDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate (lac) and osmolarity were easily accessible and objective indexes in resource limited settings to predict mortality of patients in ICU. However, using these indexes alone to predict mortality has the disadvantage of insufficient diagnostic efficiency. The usefulness of a combination of these indexes to predict 28-day mortality of critical illness was unclear.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to ICU in MIMIC-III database. A total of 44103 patients older than 14 years were randomly assigned to a development (29402 patients) or validation cohort (14701 patients). Captured variables included demographic characteristics, clinical assessments, laboratory data, acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-II, and MEWS. After identifying independent risk factors of 28-day mortality, we developed a 28-day mortality prediction model with multivariate logistic regression in development cohort. We compared the difference among Broaln-MEWS, APACHE-II, MEWS, RDW, NLR, lac and osmolarity by using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to calculate discriminative ability, Hosmer-Lemeshow C-Statistic (H/L C-statistic) to assess calibration and Brier score to evaluate accuracy. Finally, the model was validated in the validation cohort and nomogram graph was offered to fast calculate predicted mortality risk.ResultsThe 28-day mortality of critical illness was 22.85% in the development cohort. Patients with increased age, MEWS, NLR, RDW, lac, osmolarity and decreased BMI at baseline exhibited higher risks of 28-day mortality. The mortality prediction model (Broaln-MEWS) that incorporated age, BMI, MEWS, RDW, NLR, lac and osmolarity had an AUROC of 0.741 for the developing data, which was higher than that of MEWS (0.669), NLR (0.634), RDW (0.591), lac (0.580), or osmolarity (0.592) alone(p < 0.000) and slightly lower than APACHE-II (0.747) (p = 0.060). The H/L C-statistic of Broaln-MEWS were equal to 9.641(p = 0.291) and Brier score was 0.103, respectively. Additionally, Broaln-MEWS model demonstrated good discriminative power in the validation group by AUROC that was 0.744 (p < 0.000)ConclusionThe Broaln-MEWS model had higher predictive value for 28-day prognosis in critically illness, which was used easily in resource limited settings.
Statistical modeling and optimization of biodiesel production from custard apple seed oil and characterization
Authors: Shumi Lema Deme , Waday Yasin Ahmed , Birru Meron Asteraye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The best condition for the biodiesel synthesis process from a non-edible and renewable source, custard apple seed oil, is presented in this paper, as well as its characterization. The seeds were harvested from Ethiopia's Jimma zone, and their average moisture, ash, fiber, protein, and oil contents are 5.7, 3.9, 2.1, 19.8, and 37.2 percent, respectively. Soxhlet and hexane as a solvent were used to extract the oil. Trans-esterification of oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst for biodiesel generation was investigated. The molar ratio of methanol to oil, temperature, catalyst, and reaction time all had a significant (p<0.05) impact on biodiesel yield. The optimum process parameters coupled to obtain the highest biodiesel output were reaction temperature of 72.426°C, catalyst 2.002wt %, methanol: oil molar ratio 12.334, and reaction time of 84.010min, according to the Experimental Design Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA analysis. With a desirability of 1, the model anticipated a yield of 89.230±0.28 percent. Acid value, Saponification value, Kinematic viscosity, Density, Heating Value, Fire Point, and Flash Point are all physicochemical parameters of biodiesel made from custard apple seed oil (FP) 1.12 mg KOH/g, 16.75 mg KOH/g, 5.67mm2/s, 894.5kg/m3, 42.072kJ/kg 134oC and 179oC satisfied the ASTM criteria for biodiesel, respectively. In general, this research supports the manufacturing of biodiesel from Custard Apple seeds (Annona squamosa) oil as a means of replacing non-renewable energy with renewable energy and increasing the value of custard apple fruit.
Molecular Epidemiological Study of Germline APC Variant Associated with Hereditary Gastrointestinal Polyposis in Dogs: Current Prevalence in Jack Russell Terriers in Japan and Breed Distribution
Authors: Yoshizaki Kyoko , Hirata Akihiro , Matsushita Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Yoneji Wakana , Owaki Keishi , Sakai Hiroki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Cases of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplastic polyps in Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) have increased in Japan since the late 2000s. We recently demonstrated that JRTs with GI polyps heterozygously harbor an identical germline variant in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, c.[462_463delinsTT]; therefore, this is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to explore the current prevalence of germline APC variants in JRTs in Japan and the breed distribution of this disease.Results: Peripheral blood samples from 792 JRTs were collected at 93 veterinary hospitals in Japan in 2020. Using an established polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, the germline APC variant was detected in 15 JRTs, with an overall prevalence of 1.89%. The prevalence was not significantly different for sex, age, and coat type criteria. Notably, the variant carriers had a current or previous history of GI neoplastic polyps, providing further evidence of the association of the germline APC variant with GI polyposis. Pedigree analysis of carrier dogs revealed that the germline APC variant was no longer confined to a few specific bloodlines but was widely spread among JRTs in Japan. Furthermore, some ancestors of the carriers were from Australia or New Zealand, suggesting the possible presence of carriers in countries other than Japan. Next, we retrospectively investigated the germline APC variant status of dogs with GI epithelial tumors using genomic DNA samples extracted from archived pathological specimens, as well as those stored in a canine genome bank. In total, 67 purebred dogs of 24 breeds, including four JRTs, and four mixed-breed dogs were examined. While three variant carriers were found in JRTs, the germline APC variant was not detected in any of the other breeds. Conclusion: The current prevalence of the germline APC variant was approximately 2% in JRTs in Japan and the prevalence remained roughly flat during the last 15 years. In addition, hereditary GI polyposis associated with the variant was virtually specific to JRTs.
Housekeeping gene gyrA, a potential molecular marker for Bacillus ecology study
Authors: Xu Zhihui , Liu Yan , Štefanič Polonca , Miao Youzhi , Xue Yansheng , Xun Weibing , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu , Mandic-Mulec Ines 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Bacillus is a ubiquitous microorganism and is one of the most commercially important species widely used in industry, agriculture and healthcare. Bacillus is relatively well understood at the single-cell level; however, molecular tools that determine diversity and ecology of Bacillus community are limited, which limits our understanding of how the Bacillus community works. Results: In this study, we investigated the potential of the housekeeping gene gyrA as a molecular marker for determining the diversity of Bacillus species, then designed a new primer pair that specifically target gyrA (gyrA3). The rate of variation of the gyrA gene was higher than 16S rRNA gene in inter- and intraspecific Bacillus. And the amplification efficiency for Bacillus species diversity could be greatly improved by primer design, the novel primer pair gyrA3 that can detect at least 92 Bacillus species and related species and showed its advantage in mock Bacillus community compared to 16S rRNA gene. For Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus megaterium, the high variability of the gyrA gene allows for more detailed clustering at the subspecies level that cannot be achieved by the 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion: Collectively, the gyrA gene provides better phylogenetic resolution than 16S rRNA gene and informs on the diversity of the Bacillus community, therefore gyrA gene may have broad application prospects in the study of Bacillus ecology.
Interval-valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-attribute Group Decision-making Method Considering Risk Preference of Decision-makers and Its Application
Authors: Fu Sha , Xiao Ye-zhi , Zhou Hang-jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An improved interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute group decision-making method considering the risk preference of decision-makers is proposed to solve the multi-attribute group decision-making problem with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and the condition that the attribute weight information is completely unknown. Firstly, the decision-maker weight of each attribute is determined by combining similarity and proximity. In order to consider the influence of the decision-maker's risk preference on the decision result and avoid the asymptotic behavior of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy matrix, the risk aversion coefficient of the decision-maker is introduced and combined with the determined decision-maker's weight aggregation to form a group decision matrix. Then, the information of group decision matrix is mined, and the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is used to determine the attribute weight and relative weight. Based on the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy distance measure formula and the TODIM method, the overall superiority of each scheme relative to other schemes is obtained by calculating the superiority between schemes, and the optimal scheme is determined by comparing and sequencing. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by an example of mechanical assembly supplier selection decision.
Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China
Authors: Yu Chunquan , Yang Tong , Liu Yijia , Li Lin , Zheng Yanchao , Wang Yang , Su Jinyu , Luo Mingchi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is often accompanied by undiagnosed dyslipidemia. Research on the association and predictive value of unconventional lipid markers for prediabetes (pre-DM) and T2DM simultaneously is limited in CHD patients.Methods: We collected patients who were diagnosed with CHD. Their lipid levels including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and non-traditional lipid parameters were calculated. The diabetic status was defined as: normoglycemic (NG), Pre-DM, T2DM, multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the various lipid parameters with diabetic status. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to test the correlation between TG/HDL-C and clinical factors of glucose metabolism, and ROC curve was used to test the predictive value of non-traditional lipid parameters for pre-DM and T2DM.Results: Multiple logistic regression results showed that in addition to traditional lipid parameters, the non-traditional lipid parameters including non-HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C were all correlated with the risk of pre-DM and T2DM, meanwhile TG/HDL-C showed the strongest correlation (OR: 1.21; 95% CI 1.6-1.25), (OR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.30-1.39). When dividing TG/HDL-C into tertiles, using T1(< 1.1) as a reference, T3(> 1.89) was observed to have the highest association with both pre-DM and T2DM (OR: 1.60; 95% CI 1.48-1.74), (OR: 2.79; 95% CI 2.60-3.00). The association of TG/HDL-C with T2DM and pre-DM is independent of gender, age and lifestyle. TG/HDL-C was significantly correlated with FBG and HbA1c (P < 0.001). It was the strongest predictor of pre-DM and T2DM in unconventional lipid parameters. The cut-off points were 1.46 and 1.50.Conclusion: Elevated non-traditional lipid parameters were significantly associated with pre-DM and T2DM in CHD patients, elevated TG/HDL-C was the risk factor with the strongest correlation with the risk of pre-DM and T2DM. It is also a valid predictor of T2DM occurrence.
A muscle synergy approach in evaluation of the gait recovery following surgical alignment
Authors: Nazifi Mohammad Moein , Lieberman Isador , Haddas Ram , Hur Pilwon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Adult Degenerative Scoliosis (ADS) is a common musculoskeletal problem that commonly affects the elderly. ADS patients often suffer from low back pain and consequently have reduced mobility. Surgical alignment is one of the possible treatments in ADS patients. Due to the highly variant nature of the ADS, tracking and comparing the improvements following surgery can be challenging. Muscle synergy theory suggests that the central nervous system may use a few groups of coactive muscles (i.e., synergies) to achieve a motor task. Methods: In this study, we propose to use muscle synergy approach to determine the recovery from the ADS following surgery. More specifically, two metrics are proposed: i) the number of the required muscle synergies for a motor task and ii) an entropy-inspired measure (EnIM). Entropy is a measure of uncertainty in the data and has been shown to be sensitive to detect functional mobility enhancement. We hypothesize that the number of muscle synergies required for walking increases following surgery. We also hypothesize that EnIM associated with the muscle synergies decreases following surgery. Results: The results showed that the patients required a significantly higher number of walking muscle synergies following a surgery. Also, EnIM decreased significantly in ADS patients following surgical procedures, showing a more deterministic control. Conclusions: A muscle synergy approach in tracking the improvements in motor skills could be advantageous as it considers all of the involved muscles together, bypassing the potential subject-dependent differences. Trial registration: Western Institutional Review Board, #20151780. Participants were recruited from the ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no.: NCT02761265)