bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The problem with international students' ‘experiences’ and the promise of their practices: Reanimating research about international students in higher education
Authors: Deuchar Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing number of people studying abroad has drawn significant scholarly attention to the experiences of international students. While these works have productively informed policy and practice regarding how international students may be better supported, they have not always considered the active ways international students contribute to higher education. This article suggests that adopting the notion of experience as a conceptual starting point is problematic because it only partially illuminates international students' agency and reproduces understandings of them as a vulnerable group. The more active notion of practice, by contrast, suggests a more agentive subject who is a pivotal actor in spaces of education. The main argument in this article is that the abiding focus on international students' experiences will be productively unsettled by orienting attention to their practices and theorising the notion of practice in more fluid and dynamic ways. After critically engaging with the existing literature, the article outlines four ways that a focus on international students' practices may reanimate debates. A focus on practice will: (1) show how international students actively contribute to spaces of higher education, including classrooms, campuses and other sites of sociality; (2) demand that researchers theorise agency in more expansive ways and consider the practices of a broader set of social groups; (3) encourage researchers to make use of a wider set of qualitative research methods; and (4) create a stronger political foundation from which to defend the interests of international students in a post‐COVID‐19 world.
The role of achievement, gender, SES, location and policy in explaining the Indigenous gap in high‐school completion
Authors: Schellekens Melissa , Ciarrochi Joseph , Dillon Anthony , Sahdra Baljinder , Brockman Robert , Mooney Janet , Parker Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternationally, there is a gap in high‐school completion rates for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous students. In Australia, gap estimates are commonly based on lag indicators, precluding examination of underlying mechanisms. Using two longitudinal representative samples of Australian youth, we explored differences in high‐school completion between Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous rates, and whether the gap varies for students of similar academic ability. Using an intersectional approach, we show the Indigenous gap is significant, is mostly a function of differences in academic achievement, but varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and location. Specifically, high SES and living in urban settings are protective factors for non‐Indigenous students, but not for Indigenous students. Conversely, rural and poor non‐Indigenous students appeared to have dropout rates as large or even larger than similarly poor and rural Indigenous youth. Overall, the results suggest the need for a more nuanced perspective on ‘Indigenous gaps’ in educational attainment.
Continuous countercurrent chromatographic twin‐column purification of oligonucleotides: The role of the displacement effect
Authors: Fioretti Ismaele , Müller‐Späth Thomas , Weldon Richard , Vogg Sebastian , Morbidelli Massimo , Sponchioni Mattia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOligonucleotides (ONs) are breaking through in the biopharmaceutical industry as a promising class of biotherapeutics. The main success of these molecules is due to their peculiar way of acting in the cellular process, regulating the gene expression and hence influencing the protein synthesis at a pretranslational level. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) already approved a few ON‐based therapeutics, their production cost strongly limits large‐scale manufacturing: a situation that can be alleviated through process intensification. In this study, we address this problem by developing an efficient and continuous chromatographic purification process for ONs. In particular, we considered the chromatographic purification of an ON crude prepared by chemical synthesis using anion exchange resins. We demonstrate that in this system the competitive adsorption of the various species on the same sites of the resin leads to the displacement of the more weakly adsorbing species by the more strongly adsorbing ones. This phenomenon affects the behavior of the chromatographic units and it has been investigated in detail. Then, we developed a continuous countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process, which can significantly improve the productivity and buffer consumption compared to a classical single‐column, batch chromatographic process.
Artemisinin upregulates neural cell adhesion molecule L1 to attenuate neurological deficits after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Wang Jianjiang , Yin Jie , Zheng Xi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke and results in neurological deficits in patients without any effective treatments. Artemisinin (ART), a well‐known antimalarial Chinese medicine, exerts multiple essential roles in the central and peripheral nervous system due to its antioxidative and anti‐inflammation properties. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM, L1) is considered to be implicated in neural development, functional maintenance, and neuroprotection during disease. However, whether these two essential molecules are neuroprotective in ICH remains unclear.MethodsTherefore, the present study investigated the influence of ART on the recovery of neurological deficits in a mouse model of ICH induced by collagenase and the underlying mechanism.ResultsIt was revealed that ART is capable of upregulating L1 expression to alleviate brain edema, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit inflammation to alleviate ICH‐induced brain injury to improve the neurological outcome in mice suffering from ICH.ConclusionThese results may lay the foundation for ART to be a novel candidate treatment for ICH.
What to green: Family involvement and different types of eco‐innovation
Authors: Chen Xuanjin , Pan Xin , Sinha Paresha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on the relationship between family involvement and eco‐innovation presents conflicting results. To address this issue, this study explores the role of family involvement in eco‐innovation by dividing it into pollution prevention and cleaner production types. We propose that family involvement positively relates to pollution prevention eco‐innovation, but negatively relates to cleaner production eco‐innovation. Moreover, we explore the boundary conditions of the proposed relationships. We also contend that internal social capital positively moderates the relationship between family involvement and eco‐innovation in both types of eco‐innovation, while external social capital exhibits positive and negative moderating impacts on pollution prevention and cleaner production, respectively. Data from Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2019 support these arguments. This study adds to the family business research and eco‐innovation literature by providing a more comprehensive view of the role of family engagement in eco‐innovation.
Prognostic value of the veterans affairs frailty index in older patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng David , Dumontier Clark , Sheikh Ayesha R. , La Jennifer , Brophy Mary T. , Do Nhan V. , Driver Jane A. , Tuck David P. , Fillmore Nathanael R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are a heterogeneous population with varying degrees of frailty. An electronic frailty index such as the Veterans Affairs Frailty Index (VA‐FI) can potentially help identify vulnerable patients at high risk of poor outcomes.MethodsNSCLC patients ≥65 years old and diagnosed in 2002–2017 were identified using the VA Central Cancer Registry. The VA‐FI was calculated using administrative codes from VA electronic health records data linked with Medicare and Medicaid data. We assessed associations between the VA‐FI and times to mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room (ER) visit following diagnosis by Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable stratified Cox models. We also evaluated the change in discrimination and calibration of reference prognostic models after adding VA‐FI.ResultsWe identified a cohort of 42,204 older NSCLC VA patients, in which 55.5% were classified as frail (VA‐FI >0.2). After adjustment, there was a strong association between VA‐FI and the risk of mortality (HR = 1.23 for an increase of four deficits or, equivalently, an increase of 0.129 on VA‐FI, p < 0.001), hospitalization (HR = 1.16 for four deficits, p < 0.001), and ER visit (HR = 1.18 for four deficits, p < 0.001). Adding VA‐FI to baseline prognostic models led to statistically significant improvements in time‐dependent area under curves and did not have a strong impact on calibration.ConclusionOlder NSCLC patients with higher VA‐FI have significantly elevated risks of mortality, hospitalizations, and ER visits following diagnosis. An electronic frailty index can serve as an accessible tool to identify patients with vulnerabilities to inform clinical care and research.
The nature space. A reflexive thematic analysis of therapists' experiences of 1:1 nature‐based counselling and psychotherapy with children and young people: Exploring perspectives on the influence of nature within the therapeutic process
Authors: Lane Deborah , Reed Paula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNature‐based therapy is an emerging and rapidly developing field within counselling and psychotherapy, yet there is little published empirical research, or integrated models relating to its practice with Children and Young People (CYP). The present study aimed to explore therapists’ experiences of one‐to‐one nature‐based counselling and psychotherapy with CYP, eliciting perspectives on the interaction between nature and the therapeutic process. A reflexive thematic analysis provides preliminary insights into possible mechanisms of action with the potential to inform a longer‐term exploration of whether nature‐based therapy is effective, for whom and why. The study highlights the need to better explore and understand how nature‐based therapy supports relational and intrapsychic change in interaction with developmental processes, to inform construction of coherent and consolidated theory and models for practice.
Use of the transabdominal approach to repair Morgagni hernia in a 28‐year‐old symptomatic female: A case report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Ismail Ammar , Alfathi Maria , Alsuliman Tamim , Ismail Adnan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMorgagni's hernia is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which represents only 3% of all diaphragmatic hernias. Herein, we report a case of a 28‐year‐old symptomatic female patient with Morgagni's hernia who underwent a transabdominal surgery for hernia repair and mesh placement.
Sex, but not age and bone mass index positively impact on the development of osteochondral micro‐defects and the accompanying cellular alterations during osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Kaspiris Angelos , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Vasiliadis Elias , Khaldi Lubna , Melissaridou Dimitra , Iliopoulos Ilias D. , Savvidou Olga D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (ΟΑ) is characterized by cartilage breakdown and subchondral sclerosis. Micro‐fractures of the calcified tissues have been, also, detected, but their exact role has not been elucidated yet. This study was to examine the frequency of cracks during OA progression and to correlate them with the underlying cellular modifications and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) expression using histological/immunohistological methods.MethodsOverall, 20 patients and 3 controls (9 specimens per patient), aged 60–89 years, diagnosed with hip/knee OA were included. The development of cracks was examined in 138 sections, whereas the expression of MMP‐2 was examined in 69 additional sections.ResultsBased on Mankin score, three groups of OA severity were analyzed: Group I (mild) was constituted of sections with score 1–5 while Groups II (moderate) and III (severe) with score 6–7 and greater or equal to 8, respectively. Demographic characteristics did not reveal any association between the number of microdefects and age or body mass index (BMI). Cartilage micro‐cracks were increased during moderate and severe OA, while bone cracks were increased during mild and severe OA. In knee OA, cartilage cracks were not correlated with Mankin score, whereas in hip OA they appeared association with severity score. Bone cracks were positively correlated with matrix apoptotic osteocytes and osteoblastic cells, but not with osteoclasts. MMP‐2 immunostaining was increasing by OA severity in the osteochondral unit. Similarly, MMP‐2 was expressed on the microcracks’ wall mainly in Group III.ConclusionOur data displayed that bone cracks during primary OA stages, represent an early adaptative mechanism aiming to maintain cartilage integrity. Accumulation of bone defects and concomitant increase of apoptotic osteocytes activated an abnormal remodeling due to osteoblastic activity, in which MMP‐2 played a pivotal role, leading to subchondral sclerosis promoting further osteochondral deformities.
Investigation of industrial robots vs joinery machines for milling pockets in glulam: Comparison based on surface quality and3Dscans
Authors: Pantscharowitsch Marc , Kromoser Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJoinery machines (JM) are state‐of‐the art for subtractive machining of timber. When considering costs, availability and multi‐axis flexibility, industrial robots (IR) can be seen as a viable alternative as they show high potential for the increase of efficiency, workspace, and possibilities of machining. However, objective data for the quantification of this assumption are not available. This article investigates the capabilities of IRs for the milling of pockets in glued laminated timber. To enable a comparison, benchmark specimen milled using JMs were investigated alongside the pockets milled by IRs. The assessment was conducted by (a) nominal/actual geometry comparison, (b) the surface quality using the stylus method and an optical/haptic assessment, and (c) high‐resolution 3D scans. The results show that IRs as standalone solution are competitive and a valuable supplement for existing facilities.
Hybrid slim floor structures for a more sustainable future
Authors: Vollbracht Marvin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHybrid structures are a current trend in the building industry that greatly increase the sustainability. Building with hybrid structures means in general combining different materials, such as wood, concrete, or steel to generate new properties that cannot be achieved by usage of the individual materials itself. When using hybrid structures, buildings of all types and usages can be built very quickly and flexibly. The same can be achieved with prefabricated systems used for slim floor structures. By combining hybrid and slim floor structures, not only the CO2 emissions will be lower, because materials that accommodate low emissions such as wood are used, even the building height can be reduced and, as a result, the heating and cooling costs will be lower. In addition, such structures can be demounted again, when the lifecycle of a building ends and reused in the same or a different function. These are just a few aspects and advantages of hybrid slim floor structures that will be examined in more detail below.
Potentials of hydroactive lightweight façades for urban climate resilience
Authors: Eisenbarth Christina , Haase Walter , Blandini Lucio , Sobek Werner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtreme heat and heavy rainfall events with severe inundations have a significant impact on urban architecture, resulting in considerable personal injuries and material damage. Nowadays, the proportion of façade surface in urban areas with tall buildings is substantially larger than the proportion of horizontal roof or ground surface areas. A high leverage effect on climate resilience and sustainability of buildings and cities can therefore be attributed to the building envelopes. Whereas the majority of existing façades are designed to provide only minor qualities at a district or urban level, research at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart focuses on development of a new type of hydroactive lightweight façades incorporating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. A textile‐ and film‐based façade element calledHydroSKINis capable of providing a retention surface on the envelope of the building. With a minimal amount of embedded mass, energy, and CO2emissions, the façade add‐on element is suitable for both new and existing buildings.HydroSKINcombines rainwater harvesting (RWH) and run‐off water reduction by retaining the precipitation water that strikes the façade with a time‐delayed evaporative cooling (EC) of the building and its environment.
Halogenation of the Hexaphosphabenzene Complex [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6:η6‐P6)]: Snapshots on the Reaction Progress
Authors: Garbagnati Anna , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe oxidation of [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6:η6‐P6)] (1) with halogens or halogen sources was investigated. The iodination afforded the ionic complexes [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η3:η3‐P3)(μ,η1:η1:η1:η1‐P3I3)][X] (X=I3−, I−) (2) and [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η4:η4‐P4)(μ‐PI2)][I3] (3), while the reaction with PBr5 led to the complexes [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η3:η3‐P3)(μ‐Br)2][Cp*MoBr4] (4) [(Cp*MoBr)2(μ,η3:η3‐P3)(μ,η1‐P2Br3)] (5) and [(Cp*Mo)2(μ‐PBr2)(μ‐PHBr)(μ‐Br)2] (6). The reaction of 1 with the far stronger oxidizing agent PCl5 was followed via time‐ and temperature‐dependent 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. One of the first intermediates detected at 193 K was [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η3:η3‐P3)(μ‐PCl2)2][PCl6] (8) which rearranges upon warming to [(Cp*Mo)2(μ‐PCl2)2(μ‐Cl)2] (9), [(Cp*MoCl)2(μ,η3:η3‐P3)(μ‐PCl2)] (10) and [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η4:η4‐P4)(μ‐PCl2)][Cp*MoCl4] (11), which could be isolated at room temperature. All complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and their electronic structures were elucidated by DFT calculations.
Hazard Analysis of Fixed‐Tube‐Sheet Shell‐and‐Tube Heat Exchangers
Authors: Rößler Felix , Krumova Veronika , Gewald Stefan , Bauernfeind Alexander , Freko Pascal , Thomas Ingo , Zander Hans‐Jörg , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFixed‐tube‐sheet shell‐and‐tube heat exchangers (FTHEs) are widely used in process plants to enhance energy efficiency and to control temperature levels of unit operations. Even moderate temperature differences between shell and tube bundle of FTHEs can lead to failure mechanisms induced by thermal stress. To avoid equipment failure, design codes require an analysis of the transient response of an FTHE during special operating conditions. This work presents a modular‐hierarchical approach for the dynamic simulation of FTHEs, which is applied to special operating scenarios such as a loss of tube‐side flow, a shell‐side steaming‐out (cleaning procedure to remove hydrocarbon residues with steam) and a reactor trip (sudden stop of exothermic reaction).
Effect of finishing protocols and staining solutions on color stability of dental resin composites
Authors: Marufu Chamunorwa , Kisumbi Bernina K. , Osiro Olivia A. , Otieno Fred O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing protocol and exposure to staining solutions on color stability of dental resin composites.Materials and MethodsA nanofill and microhybrid composite, three finishing protocols (mylar, Soflex disc, and white polishing stone) and four staining solutions (tea, red wine, khat extract—two concentrations, control—distilled water) were evaluated. A digital spectrophotometer was used for color change (ΔE) measurements employing the CIE‐Lab‐color system. Paired/independent‐sample t test and two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference posthoc test were used for inferential statistics at α = .05.ResultsSoflex finish was associated with least staining and comparable color stability for the two materials in tea and red wine. In Khat 2, microhybrid composite had statistically significant better color stability than nanofill for Soflex finish (14 days t = 3.270, p = .011). For microhybrid composite, mylar resulted in highest mean ΔE, whereas Soflex recorded the least in all staining solutions. For nanofill composite, white stone resulted in highest mean ΔE, whereas Soflex demonstrated the least mean ΔE in all staining solutions, except red wine where mylar demonstrated the least mean ΔE. For mylar finish, nanofill demonstrated statistically significant better color stability than microhybrid in both red wine (14 days t = 4.902, p = .001) and Khat 1 (14 days t = 3.252, p = .012). For stone finish, microhybrid demonstrated statistically significant better color stability than nanofill in all staining solutions (14 days t ≥ 4.785, p ≤ .001). Two‐way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in mean ΔE between and within specimens (F = 42.658, p < .001). All staining solutions caused clinically unacceptable discoloration for mylar and white stone finish. For Soflex finish, red wine produced clinically unacceptable color difference beyond 48 h.ConclusionThere was a difference in color stability of resin composites depending on filler type, further influenced by finishing protocol. Soflex disc finish results in better color stability than mylar and white stone in both microhybrid and nanofill composites.Clinical significanceEsthetic dental restorations such as resin composites are routine in contemporary restorative practice. Color stability of composites may be influenced by surface finish, dependent on the filler type, and consumption of chromogenic substances such as khat. To prolong their service, selection of suitable finishing protocols is an important consideration.
Investigation of the interaction of dense noble gas plasmas with cold cathodes:III—Arc spot ignition on pure and doped W cathodes
Authors: Frohnert Sonja , Mentel Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study of the commutation of atmospheric pressure noble gas arcs on cold cathodes made of Al, Cu, Ti, graphite, Au, Pd, and Pt is extended to W cathodes. Rods with a diameter of 2 mm are inserted in a UHV tight stainless steel vessel filled with Ar 5.6 or Kr 4.8. The negatively biased electrodes are brought into interaction with arc plasma by a magnetic blast field. Their end faces are mostly polished with diamond grinding powder; some are electrolytic polished, others additionally covered with a thick oxide layer or pasted with W powder. Moreover, electrodes are investigated being doped with Al, K, and Si or doped with ThO2. The arc commutation is observed by short time photography, streak camera records, and temporally highly resolved optical spectroscopy for a lower and higher voltage applied between the arc plasma and the commutation electrode (CE). Varying the electrode properties revealed that basically ionized vapour of electrode material and less distinctly lowering of the work function by doping accelerate the arc commutation. It is initiated by plasma ions, which initially generate secondary electrons across the whole end face of the electrode. Since the electron emission varies locally, the multiplication of ions within the plasma layer by emitted electrons varies too. The positive feedback between both provokes a constriction of the commutation current and the power input into an arc spot. The electrode vapour promotes at first the development of an arc spot but finally quenches it by cooling the plasma layer in front of it.