bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the degradation of PET utilizing NHC‐based catalysts and effective reuse of the degradation product as an additive with polyurethane adhesive material
Authors: Gayathri Varnakumar , Sheyara R. Tata Birla , Devassy Neenu , Samanta Debasis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein we have reported the effective use of palladium‐based systems which contain modified N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) tagged with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) moiety as an organometallic catalyst. This report involves a comparative study between two catalysts, PNIPAM‐NHC‐Pd (II) complex (catalyst A) and PNIPAM‐NHC‐Pd (0) nanoparticles (catalyst B), to participate in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into its monomer, bis(2‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) through glycolysis with ethylene glycol (EG). Glycolysis of the PET was carried out at different temperatures (170, 175, 180, 185, and 190°C) and times (6 and 24 h) where optimum results were obtained while glycolysis was performed at 180°C for 24 h using catalyst B. The investigation of the glycolysis product through NMR, ATR‐IR, TGA, and DSC proved the formation of BHET as the main product. To ensure the effective recycling of the PET and further value additions, the obtained glycolysis product, BHET was further transformed into its dibenzoylated derivative, bis(2‐([4‐Butoxy benzoyl]oxy)ethyl) terephthalate (BBET) by successive benzoylation using 4‐butoxybenzoyl chloride. The obtained BBET was used as an additive along with the commercial polyurethane‐based adhesive (CPU), and its effect on the properties of CPU was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies.
A flexible strain sensor based on conductive TPU/CNTs‐Gr composites
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Li Chenchen , Zhou Bangze , He Haotian , Zhou Yanfen , Jiang Liang , Zhou Feng‐Lei , Chen Shaojuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA flexible strain sensor with excellent mechanical and electrical properties was fabricated by depositing carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr) onto thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibrous membranes. The deposition efficiency and fastness of CNTs and Gr particles on TPU nanofibrous membranes were improved by vacuum assisted deposition and ultrasonication. Furthermore, a flexible strain sensor with excellent sensing performance was obtained by optimizing the optimal hybrid ratio between CNTs and Gr. Electromechanical experiments showed that the strain sensor had a wide working range of 172% with a high‐gauge factor of approximately 217 for TPU/5CNTs5Gr composite. Moreover, the TPU/5CNTs5Gr composite also exhibited good durability in 10,000 tensile loading‐unloading cycles, and had superior sensing performance when monitoring the bending motions of human finger, elbow and knee.
Performance comparison of carbon fiber reinforced polyaryletherketone and epoxy composites: Mechanical properties, failure modes, cryo‐thermal behavior, and finite element analysis
Authors: Sarath Kumar Painkal , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna , Balachandran Meera 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance thermoplastic composites are gaining attention as potential replacement for thermoset composites in high‐end structural applications owing to their superior fracture toughness and recyclability. In this study, polyaryletherketone (PAEK) and carbon fabric (CF) reinforced PAEK are compared with epoxy and epoxy‐CF composites. PAEK‐CF composites are prepared by film stacking method followed by compression molding while hand lay‐up technique was used for epoxy‐CF composites. PAEK and PAEK‐CF composites possess superior tensile properties, flexural strength and fracture toughness compared to those prepared from epoxy. The incorporation of CF improved the wear resistance in both PAEK and epoxy and PAEK‐CF exhibited the lowest wear rate. The investigation of interlaminar shear strength of the composites was conducted and the highest value observed for PAEK‐CF composite. Wear and fracture surface analysis suggested ductile failure for PAEK and PAEK‐CF composites and brittle failure in epoxy composites, as indicated by interfacial bonding/debonding and fiber pullout, at the fracture surface. Cryo‐thermal cycling effects on the tensile properties, fracture toughness and fracture surface morphology of the composites are studied. The failure behavior obtained from experimental studies was corroborated with finite element method‐based simulation models of fracture toughness response in single edge notch bend test using Abaqus/Explicit.
Effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of the photoactive aloe emodin poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) packaging film
Authors: Le Truong D. , Phasupan Pimonpan , Thu Vu Thi , Bora Tanujjal , Nguyen Loc T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in photoactive packaging materials, which inactivate bacteria via the photoactivation of light‐sensitive compounds. One of the existing challenges is the reduced stability and efficacy of these materials due to light exposure. In this study, the effect of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) loading on the antimicrobial, barrier, and mechanical properties of the photoactive poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) packaging film has been investigated. The film (CNC‐AE‐PHBV) is composed of aloe emodin (AE) and PHBV at the ratio of 540.48 µg g−1, and CNC. The weight percentage of CNC loading relative to PHBV is varied from 0.5% to 2.0% (w/w). The results show that CNC mitigates the photodegradation of AE in the polymeric matrix and the highest protection is obtained at 0.5% of CNC loading. CNC also augments the hydrophilicity of CNC‐AE‐PHBV films, indicated by the decrease of water contact angle (78°–71.0°). These effects could have led to the increased retention of photodynamic efficacy against Escherichia coli (~4.5 log cycles) of the CNC‐AE‐PHBV films after repeated light irradiation. Nevertheless, no improvement in the barrier as well as mechanical properties of the films has been observed. The findings evidence the important enhancement effect of CNC on the efficacy of photoactive polymer, which can be further explored for developing future antimicrobial packages.
Ube2N is present and functions within listeria Actin‐rich structures and lamellipodia: A localization and pharmacological inhibition study
Authors: Chua Michael Dominic , Mineva Gabriela Miroslavova , Guttman Julian Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton forms much of the structure needed for the intracellular motility of an assortment of microbes as well as entire cells. The co‐factor to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2N (Ube2V1) has been implicated in both cancer cell metastasis and lysine‐63 ubiquitylation of β actin. As this protein complexes with Ube2N, we sought to investigate whether Ube2N itself was involved in actin‐based events occurring during the Listeria monocytogenes infections as well as within motile whole cells. Through examination of L. monocytogenes actin clouds, comet tails and membrane protrusions as well as lamellipodia in migrating cells, we show that Ube2N is recruited to actin‐rich structures. When pharmacologically inhibited we demonstrate that Ube2N is crucial for the function of actin‐rich structures when associated with the plasma membrane.
Synthetic Modifications of Histones and Their Functional Evaluation
Authors: Toyobe Moe , Yakushiji Fumika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) of histones play a key role in epigenetic regulation. Unraveling the roles of each epigenetic mark can provide new insights into their biological mechanisms. On the other hand, it is generally difficult to prepare homogeneously‐modified histones/nucleosomes to investigate their specific functions. Therefore, synthetic approaches to acquire precisely mimicked histones/nucleosomes are in great demand, and further development of this research field is anticipated. In this review, synthetic strategies to modify histones/nucleosomes, including cysteine modifications, transformations of dehydroalanine residues and lysine acylation using a catalyst system, are cited. In addition, the functional evaluation of synthetically modified histones/nucleosomes is described.
Multi‐spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular docking studies to investigate the interaction of eplerenone with human serum albumin
Authors: Belal Fathalla , Mabrouk Mokhtar , Hammad Sherin , Barseem Aya , Ahmed Hytham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe binding of small molecular drugs with human serum albumin (HSA) has a crucial influence on their pharmacokinetics. The binding interaction between the antihypertensive eplerenone (EPL) and HSA was investigated using multi‐spectroscopic techniques for the first time. These techniques include ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), native fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking approach. The fluorescence spectroscopic study showed that EPL quenched HSA inherent fluorescence. The mechanism for quenching of HSA by EPL has been determined to be static in nature and confirmed by UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The modified Stern–Volmer equation was used to estimate the binding constant (Kb) as well as the number of bindings (n). The results indicated that the binding occurs at a single site (Kb = 2.238 × 103 L mol−1at 298 K). The enthalpy and entropy changes (∆H and ∆S) were 58.061 and 0.258 K J mol−1, respectively, illustrating that the principal intermolecular interactions stabilizing the EPL–HSA system are hydrophobic forces. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that EPL binding to HSA occurred around the tyrosine (Tyr) residue and this agreed with the molecular docking study. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis confirmed the static quenching mechanism. The esterase enzyme activity of HSA was also evaluated showing its decrease in the presence of EPL. Furthermore, docking analysis and site‐specific markers experiment revealed that EPL binds with HSA at subdomain IB (site III).
New steps in acute coronary syndrome and antihyperlipidemic treatment: Determination of statins and metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yaglioglu Havva , Eryavuz Onmaz Duygu , Abusoglu Sedat , Erdem Kenan , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Abusoglu Gulsum , Unlu Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur aim in this study was to develop a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the measurement of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and their major metabolites, and furthermore to evaluate patients’ adherence to statin therapy and to investigate the effect of statin therapy on various hematological and biochemical parameters. A simple protein precipitation was performed for the extraction of analytes and the extracted samples were injected directly. The levels of drugs and their metabolites were measured by the validated method in a total of 210 patients diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris (USAP), ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Various biochemical and hematological parameters were measured. The linearity ranges for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were 1.22–2,500 and 0.97–2000 ng/ml, respectively. The inter‐assay coefficient of variation for all analytes was ≤ 6%. In patients diagnosed with USAP, STEMI and NSTEMI, treatment compliance rates were 22.1, 23.5 and 41.2% for atorvastatin and 36.1, 40.2 and 67.1% for rosuvastatin, respectively. An economical, simple and reliable measurement method has been developed. Our findings support the poor patient compliance with statin therapy in the included population. It was observed that 6 months of statin treatment caused slight changes in biochemical and hematological parameters.
Environmental, Social and Governance investing: Does rating matter?
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo , Pampurini Francesca , Quaranta Anna Grazia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, the demand for sustainable and social investments has improved. The mutual funds industry has responded to market needs by offering a number of investment products focused on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) companies. The aim of this article is to understand if an ESG score can actually be considered a valid criterion that portfolio managers could adopt, along with traditional risk–return optimisation, in selecting asset portfolios. The paper analyses the link between the performance and the ESG score of different sectoral portfolios (one for each sector of the Global Industry Classification Standard), entirely composed of ESG assets, in the search for a clear and strong positive correlation that could suggest an overall advantage to focus on an ex ante choice of assets with high ESG scores.
Modification of C‐segment of CfaDnaE split intein for improving clean‐in‐place in chromatography process
Authors: Xia Hai‐Feng , Luo Jiu‐Pei , Yu Shi‐Rui , Zhou Ting‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on the construction of an affinity purification system based on Cfa DnaE split intein. Cfa DnaE intein is an artificially constructed intein with the advantages of a fast cleavage reaction and good stability. In a previous study, a purification system that uses Cfa intein as a tag was constructed, the separation of the target protein and the tag during the purification process was completed, and the purity of the purified target protein reached 98.21%. Guided by molecular docking results, we identified flexible regions in the split intein and inserted several glycines into the protein to decrease the stability of the Cfa IC, thereby improving the regenerability of the IN media. Inserting 6 glycines between amino acids 14 and 15 of IC improved the regeneration rate of IC‐GFP on the column to approximately 96%.
Identification of MAEL as a promoter for the drug resistance model of iPSCs derived from T‐ALL
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Wen Feiqiu , Li Zhu , Li Weiran , Zhou Meiling , Sun Xizhuo , Zhao Pan , Zou Chang , Liu Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of the drug‐resistant and highly recurrent refractory T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). Primary tumor cell‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become very useful tumor models for cancer research including drug sensitivity tests. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying drug resistance in T‐ALL using the T‐ALL‐derived iPSCs (T‐iPSCs) model. T‐ALL cells were transformed using iPSC reprogramming factors (Sox‐2, Klf4, Oct4, and Myc) via nonintegrating Sendai virus. T‐iPSCs with the Notch1 mutation were then identified through genomic sequencing. Furthermore, T‐iPSCs resistant to 80 μM LY411575, a γ‐secretase and Notch signal inhibitor, were also established. We found a significant difference in the expression of drug resistance‐related genes between the drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs and drug‐sensitive groups. Among the 27 genes, six most differently expressed genes (DEGs) based on Log2FC >5 were identified. Knockdown analyses using RNA interference (RNAi) revealed that MAEL is the most important gene associated with drug resistance in T‐ALL cells. Also, MAEL knockdown downregulated expression of MRP and LRP in drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs. Interestingly, this phenomenon partially restored the sensitivity of the cells to LY411575. Furthermore, overexpression of the MAEL gene enhanced drug resistance against LY411575. Conclusively, MAEL promotes LY411575 resistance in T‐ALL cells increasing the expression of MRP and LRP genes.
A sulfur self‐doped multifunctional biochar catalyst for overall water splitting and a supercapacitor from Camellia japonica flowers
Authors: Xia Chengkai , Surendran Subramani , Ji Seulgi , Kim Dohun , Chae Yujin , Kim Jaekyum , Je Minyeong , Han Mi‐Kyung , Choe Woo‐Seok , Choi Chang Hyuck , Choi Heechae , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA versatile use of a sulfur self‐doped biochar derived from Camellia japonica (camellia) flowers is demonstrated as a multifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting and a supercapacitor. The native sulfur content in the camellia flower facilitates in situ self‐doping of sulfur, which highly activates the camellia‐driven biochar (SA‐Came) as a multifunctional catalyst with the enhanced electron‐transfer ability and long‐term durability. For water splitting, an SA‐Came‐based electrode is highly stable and shows reaction activities in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, with overpotentials of 154 and 362 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. For supercapacitors, SA‐Came achieves a specific capacitance of 125.42 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and high cyclic stability in a three‐electrode system in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. It demonstrated a high energy density of 34.54 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1600 W kg−1 as a symmetric hybrid supercapacitor device with a wide working potential range of 0–1.6 V.
Efficient methods for the synthesis of chiral 2‐oxazolidinones as pharmaceutical building blocks
Authors: Okuno Ken , Nishiyori Ryuichi , Abe Koki , Mori Taiki , Shirakawa Seiji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the wide variety of heterocyclic compounds is common knowledge, chiral 2‐oxazolidinones are recognized as some of the most important heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Many important pharmaceutical molecules have been constructed based on the chiral 2‐oxazolidinone backbone. Therefore, the development of even more efficient catalytic methods for the synthesis of chiral 2‐oxazolidinones remains a very important pursuit in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. This review summarizes the coupling reactions of epoxides and isocyanates for the preparation of 2‐oxazolidinones. Both metal catalysts and organocatalysts promote these reactions. Optically pure 2‐oxazolidinones are prepared from optically pure epoxide substrates via these catalytic methods. A synthetic example of a commercially available pharmaceutical compound utilizing this method is also introduced.
Modelling of binary fluidization of coal and ash and validation using radioactive particle tracking and densitometry
Authors: Roy Sangram , Roy Shantanu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBinary fluidization finds wide application in a variety of gas–solid catalytic and non‐catalytic industrial fluidization systems. In the present study, a three‐dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to model the binary fluidization of coal and ash in a laboratory‐scale cold flow fluidized bed. In parallel, phase velocity measurements using radioactive particle tracking (RPT) and gamma‐ray densitometry were performed, which provided a rich database for validation of the CFD model. RPT being a time‐resolved Lagrangian technique, it was possible to extract velocity fluctuations and their correlations in addition to the mean velocity profiles. The latter provided additional validation for the CFD model, in addition to the typical validation that is done with time‐averaged profiles of phase velocity and volume fraction. The robust validation procedure opens up the possibility of expanding this model to a pilot plant‐scale fluidized bed.
Initial power measurements for a family of novel vertical‐wheel bioreactors
Authors: Croughan Matthew S. , Giroux Daniel , Agbojo Omokhowa M. , McCain Erica , Starkweather Nathan , Guerra Samantha , Hashimura Yas , Lee Brian , Jung Sunghoon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to develop an initial set of Power number versus Reynolds number results for a family of vertical‐wheel bioreactors. These bioreactors are increasingly being used for the manufacture of cells for cell therapy but have not been characterized according to this approach. A novel gravimetric method to measure power was used, and the validity of this method was assessed by measuring power for a standard stirred tank bioreactor with a Rushton impeller. The results of the gravimetric method were found to closely match those derived from traditional methods. The validated method was then used to measure the power draw and develop an initial set of Power number versus Reynolds number results for a family of vertical‐wheel bioreactors.
A general numerical model of leukocyte adhesion in microchannels
Authors: Fu Peixin , Li Peiye , Hu Yandong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeukocyte adhesion on the vascular endothelium plays an important role in human immune system and reflects the physiological condition of a human body. In this paper, a generally implementable dynamic adhesion model based on the length limit of microvilli was developed to explore the behavior of a suspended leukocyte's adhesion process under microchannel shear flow. Simulations showed that the whole adhesion process can be divided into cell sedimentation, preliminary adhesion and stable dynamic adhesion stages. The cell tumbling kinetics, cell deformation, cell adhesion area and adhesion force were studied under the conditions of various bond strength, cell membrane surface tension, inlet flow velocity and cytoplasmic viscosity. Results showed that the bond strength affects the cell tumbling behaviors differently by changing the adhesion force. The cell with lower membrane surface tension induces a larger adhesion area, and eventually results in a greater adhesion and a lower cell tumbling velocity. The flow velocity changes cell velocity through the flow viscous force during the whole adhesion process. The cytoplasmic viscosity affects adhesion mainly in the preliminary adhesion stage by changing the cell deformation rate but has slight effect on the stabilized dynamic adhesion on cells. This study provides a simple theoretical basis to further clarify the mechanism of cell behaviors under stress and adhesion and becomes one of the prerequisites for study of tissue inflammation, wound healing, and disease treatments.
A rare case of synovial sarcoma of diaphragm
Authors: Mishra Anand Kumar , Raja Javid , Mittal Apeksha , Bansal Vidur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary diaphragmatic synovial sarcoma is a rare clinical entity with only few cases reported in the literature. It is found mainly in young adults, in the limbs. However, the name is a misnomer as it probably arises from primitive mesenchyme rather than articular surfaces of the joints.CaseWe report a case of 21‐year‐old patient with synovial sarcoma of the diaphragm, treated by complete surgical excision of the tumor with diaphragmatic reconstruction and confirmed on immunohistopathology. The peculiarity of this case stems from the atypical location of the tumor with complete surgical resection and thereby providing a better quality of life for the patient.ConclusionSynovial sarcoma of the diaphragm is a rare malignancy and more data and research is needed for defining the best management for this tumor.