bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The measurement of molecular interactions, structure and physical properties of okara cellulose composite hydrogels using different analytical methods
Authors: Wu Changling , McClements David Julian , He Mingyu , Li Yang , Teng Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAiming to address the practical problems of a low utilization rate and the serious waste of soybean residue, novel composite hydrogels based on okara cellulose before and after 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) oxidation and high polymers of chitosan (CH), carrageenan (CA) or Arabic gum (AG) were prepared by a homogeneous mixture in ionic liquid.RESULTSIn the present study, composite hydrogels fabricated from okara cellulose and CH, CA or AG were prepared by dissolving them in an ionic liquid, followed by heating (100 °C, 3 h) and then soaking them in a 1:1 water–isopropanol solution. The composite hydrogels prepared from TEMPO oxidation‐treated cellulose were physically cross‐linked to CH, CA or AG. The results showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the amorphous regions of the cellulose were disrupted, whereas the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the biopolymers were increased, which promoted the formation of composite gels with crystalline structures. The TEMPO treatment increased the gel strength. For example, for the cellulose/CA gels, the hardness, fracturability, springiness and cohesiveness values were 5.9‐, 4.3‐, 2.4‐ and 3.6‐fold higher compared to the non‐treated ones, respectively. The composite hydrogels exhibited good thermal stability, swelling properties and mechanical properties. These novel composite polysaccharide‐based hydrogels may therefore have great potential in various food and non‐food fields.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the addition of polymers (CH, CA or AG) and TEMPO oxidized cellulose was suitable for increasing the swelling, textural properties, thermal stability and rheological properties of hydrogels, which provides new ideas and new methods for the preparation of bio‐based composite hydrogels. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Emitter clogging characteristics under reclaimed wastewater drip irrigation: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xufei , Zhang Lin , He Xuefei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough reclaimed wastewater drip irrigation (RWDI) is an effective technology for alleviating agricultural crop water stress and protecting the environment, the reclaimed wastewater (RW) may cause emitter clogging. Discharge ratio variation (Dra) and coefficient of uniformity (CU) play a key role in exploring the clogging degree of the emitter. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was conducted to identify optimal management methods with an acceptable Dra and CU under RWDI.RESULTSThe results indicate that the higher the concentration of various substances in RW, the higher is the risk of the emitter clogging. Suitable concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), water hardness and calcium ions (Ca2+) in RW were determined to be 0–0.2, 0–0.02, 0–50, 20–30, 200–250 and 0–40 mg L−1, respectively. Pressure‐compensating emitters with relatively high discharge (>2 L h−1) could prevent clogging in RWDI systems.CONCLUSIONBased on the data analysis, a cumulative RWDI operation time of 375 h was determined as the most suitable time for lateral flushing to prevent clogging. This study identifies the conditions under which an increase in the service life of RWDI systems can be achieved. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of pollination on the composition of volatile compounds in Coffea arabica L.
Authors: Meireles Desirée Ayume Lopes , Valdez Aldo Sindulfo Barboza , Boroski Marcela , Augusto Solange Cristina , Toci Aline Theodoro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPollination enhances coffee quality at the material level, improves the symbolic attributes of coffee and promotes sustainability. The objective of this work was to quantify the composition of volatile compounds in roasted coffee produced in the presence and absence of biotic pollination, aiming at investigating the effects of pollination on the composition of volatile compounds in coffee beans. This is the first report of its kind in the literature.RESULTSThe analysis of volatile compounds in roasted coffee beans showed that pollination increased the amount of volatile compounds in the beans; there was a significant increase in the amount of the following classes of compounds: pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, alcohols and phenols. Considering that most volatile compounds in roasted coffee are derived from reactions involving carbohydrates, proteins, chlorogenic acids and some alkaloids, our hypothesis is that pollinated coffee beans are better prepared for germination and for defense of the crop against attack by external agents.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study point to the important role played by sustainable practices implemented in coffee cultivation. The results obtained in this study pave the way toward the conduct of further investigations, including the analysis of the chemical composition of aroma precursors and volatile compounds in raw coffee beans, and the study of the sensory aspects of roasted coffee. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Systematic comparison of structural and lipid oxidation in oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil biphasic emulgels: effect of emulsion type, oil‐phase composition, and oil fraction
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Wei , Hu Qi‐Hua , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Ma Chuan‐Guo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause many common foods are emulsions (mayonnaise, margarine, salad dressing, etc.), a better understanding of lipid oxidation is crucial for the formulation, production, and storage of the relevant consumer products. We prepared oil‐in‐water (O/W) and water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulgels, and their architecture was characterized before monitoring lipid oxidation under thermally accelerated conditions to systematically compare the effect of emulsion type, oil composition, and oil fraction on the structure and lipid oxidation in thee biphasic emulgel systems.RESULTSHigher susceptibility of lipids to oxidation (>2.5 times) was observed in the biphasic O/W and W/O emulgels than in soybean oil owing to an interfacial region. In the heterogeneous emulsion systems, W/O emulgels had oxidation resistance than O/W emulgels did. Compared with the oil‐phase composition of high oleic sunflower, soybean, and flaxseed oils, oxidation sensitivity of emulsified lipids was significantly raised as the degree of unsaturation increased from 100.72 to 203.07. Moreover, increasing oil fraction from 75% to 85% led to an obvious increase in total oxidation in O/W emulgels but a decrease in W/O emulgels. In addition to emulsion size and oil unsaturation, viscoelasticity had a remarkable effect on the low‐unsaturated oil oxidation (e.g. high oleic sunflower oil).CONCLUSIONPhysical and structural phenomena played important roles in lipid oxidation based on a mass transport principle. These findings provide novel information for designing the structures of emulsion gels for controlling lipid oxidation through the cooperation of both formulation and architecture principles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Risk Factors for Posttransplantation Mortality in Recipients With Grade 3 Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure: Analysis of a North American Consortium
Authors: Sundaram Vinay , Patel Sarvanand , Shetty Kirti , Lindenmeyer Christina C. , Rahimi Robert S. , Flocco Gianina , Al‐Attar Atef , Karvellas Constantine J. , Challa Suryanarayana , Maddur Harapriya , Jou Janice H. , Kriss Michael , Stein Lance L. , Xiao Alex H. , Vyhmeister Ross H. , Green Ellen W. , Campbell Braidie , Cranford William , Mahmud Nadim , Fortune Brett E. ,   Multi‐Organ Dysfunction and Evaluation for Liver Transplantation (MODEL) Consortium
Published: January 2022

Although liver transplantation (LT) yields survival benefit for patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure grade 3 (ACLF‐3), knowledge gaps remain regarding risk factors for post‐LT mortality. We retrospectively reviewed data from 10 centers in the United States and Canada for patients transplanted between 2018 and 2019 and who required care in the intensive care unit prior to LT. ACLF was identified using the European Association for the Study of the Liver‐Chronic Liver Failure (EASL‐CLIF) criteria. A total of 318 patients were studied, of whom 106 (33.3%) had no ACLF, 61 (19.1%) had ACLF‐1, 74 (23.2%) had ACLF‐2, and 77 (24.2%) had ACLF‐3 at transplantation. Survival probability 1 year after LT was significantly higher in patients without ACLF (94.3%) compared with patients with ACLF (87.3%; P = 0.02), but similar between ACLF‐1 (88.5%), ACLF‐2 (87.8%), and ACLF‐3 (85.7%; P = 0.26). Recipients with ACLF‐3 and circulatory failure (n = 29) had similar 1‐year post‐LT survival (82.3%) compared with patients with ACLF‐3 without circulatory failure (89.6%; P = 0.32), including those requiring multiple vasopressors. For patients transplanted with ACLF‐3 including respiratory failure (n = 20), there was a trend toward significantly lower post‐LT survival (P = 0.07) among those with respiratory failure (74.1%) compared with those without (91.0%). The presence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) at LT for patients with ACLF‐3 (n = 15), however, yielded significantly lower survival (91.9% versus 57.1%; P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PVT was significantly associated with post‐LT mortality within 1 year (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.9‐28.3). No correlation was found between survival after LT and the location or extent of PVT, presence of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, or anticoagulation. LT in patients with ACLF‐3 requiring vasopressors yields excellent 1‐year survival. LT should be approached cautiously among candidates with ACLF‐3 and PVT.
Furan Polymers: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Gandini Alessandro , M. Lacerda Talita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis contribution provides an outlook on the topic of furan polymers, dealing with both its main achievements and the salient recent contributions, together with a critical assessment of their most promising perspectives. Following a brief account of the relevant chemical properties of the furan heterocycle, the main monomers from furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural and their respective polymerization mechanisms are discussed. Chain‐growth polymerizations concentrate on free‐radical and cationic systems, whereas step‐growth polymerizations describe the polycondensation of furfuryl alcohol, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes and polyureas, poly(Schiff base)s, epoxy resins, and the polycondensation of 5‐methylfurfural. Finally, the use of the Diels–Alder reaction applied to furan polymer synthesis and modification is reviewed.
Travelling Wave Generation of Wrinkles on the Hydrogel Surfaces
Authors: Kashihara Yuka , Asoh Taka‐Aki , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamic and static properties of structured surfaces have important functions in nature. In particular, wrinkles have important static roles, for example, increasing surface area, but dynamic roles of wrinkles remain poorly understood. Specifically, to understand and utilize the dynamic functions of wrinkles, it is necessary to observe wrinkle formation directly. In this study, a polyion complex (PIC) is formed on a hydrogel surface by electrophoresis, and the process of wrinkle formation through a transparent electrode is directly observed. By quantitative analysis of the wavelength and amplitude of wrinkles, it is found that the wrinkles move randomly in a wavy pattern in the initial stage of growing process. Furthermore, the direction of wavy motion of wrinkles is controlled by the compression of hydrogels in the in‐plane direction. The present study provides important insights into the fabrication of wrinkled surfaces with a controlled flow direction; opening the possibility for active wrinkles used in the development of functional surface structures as actuators that are capable of transporting small objects in water.
Open questions on the functional biology of the yolk granules during embryo development
Authors: Ramos Isabela , Machado Ednildo , Masuda Hatisaburo , Gomes Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiogenesis and consumption of the yolk are well‐conserved aspects of the reproductive biology in oviparous species. Most egg‐laying animals accumulate yolk proteins within the oocytes thus creating the source of nutrients and energy that will feed embryo development. Yolk accumulation drives the generation of a highly specialized oocyte cytoplasm with maternal mRNAs, ribosomes, mitochondria, and, mainly, a set of organelles collectively referred to as yolk granules (Ygs). Following fertilization, the Ygs are involved in regulated mechanisms of yolk degradation to fuel the anabolic metabolism of the growing embryo. Thus, yolk accumulation and degradation are essential processes that allow successful development in many species. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery and mechanisms dedicated to the programmed yolk mobilization throughout development are still enigmatic and remain mostly unexplored. Moreover, while the Ygs functional biology as a nutritional source for the embryo has been acknowledged, several reports have suggested that Ygs cargoes and functions go far beyond yolk storage. Evidence of the role of Ygs in gene expression, microbiota harboring, and paracrine signaling has been proposed. In this study, we summarize the current knowledge of the Ygs functional biology pointing to open questions and where further investigation is needed.
Axial muscle involvement in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R9
Authors: Revsbech Karoline Lolk , Rudolf Karen , Sheikh Aisha Munawar , Khawajazada Tahmina , de Stricker Borch Josefine , Dahlqvist Julia Rebecka , Løkken Nicoline , Witting Nanna , Vissing John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsLimb girdle muscular dystrophy type R9 (LGMDR9) is characterized by progressive weakness of the shoulder and hip girdles. Involvement of proximal extremity muscles is well‐described whereas information about axial muscle involvement is lacking. It is important to recognize the involvement of axial muscles to understand functional challenges for the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of axial and leg muscles in patients with LGMDR9.MethodsThis observational, cross‐sectional study investigated fat replacement of axial and leg muscles in 14 patients with LGMDR9 and 13 matched, healthy controls using quantitative MRI (Dixon technique). We investigated paraspinal muscles at three levels, psoas major at the lumbar level, and leg muscles in the thigh and calf. Trunk strength was assessed with stationary dynamometry and manual muscle tests.ResultsPatients with LGMDR9 had significantly increased fat replacement of all investigated axial muscles compared with healthy controls (P < .05). Trunk extension and flexion strength were significantly reduced in patients. Extension strength correlated negatively with mean fat fraction of paraspinal muscles. Fat fractions of all investigated leg muscles were significantly increased versus controls, with the posterior thigh muscles being the most severely affected.DiscussionPatients with LGMDR9 have severe involvement of their axial muscles and correspondingly have reduced trunk extension and flexion strength. Our findings define the axial muscles as some of the most severely involved muscle groups in LGMDR9, which should be considered in the clinical management of the disorder and monitoring of disease progression.
Automatic detection of F waves and F‐MUNE in two types of motor neuron diseases
Authors: Oguz‐Akarsu Emel , Sirin Nermin Gorkem , Artug Tugrul , Erbas Bahar , Kocasoy Orhan Elif , Idrisoğlu Halil Atilla , Ketenci Aysegul , Baslo Mehmet Baris , Oge Ali Emre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMotor unit number estimation by F waves (F‐MUNE) is an uncommonly used MUNE technique. Our aim in this study was to assess the sensitivity of F‐MUNE values elicited with newly developed software in motor neuron diseases.MethodsF waves were recorded by 300 submaximal stimuli from abductor digiti minimi and abductor pollicis brevis muscles of 35 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 18 with previous poliomyelitis, and 20 controls. The software determined the surface motor unit action potentials (sMUAPs) and calculated the F‐MUNE values. Compound muscle action potential scans were also recorded to obtain MScanFit.ResultsThe sMUAP amplitudes were higher and F‐MUNE values were lower in both muscles of the patients when compared with controls. F‐MUNE values could distinguish patients from controls. Significant correlations were found between F‐MUNE and MScanFit in the patient groups.DiscussionThe new F‐MUNE software offered promising results in revealing motor unit loss caused by motor neuron diseases.
The aorto‐left ventricular tunnel from a fetal perspective: Original case series and literature review
Authors: van Nisselrooij Amber E. L. , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Wacker‐Gussmann Annette , Tomek Viktor , Malčić Ivan , Grzyb Agnieszka , Pavlova Anna , Kazamia Kalliopi , Thakur Varsha , Sinkovskaya Elena , ten Harkel A. Derk Jan , Haak Monique C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAorto‐left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) accounts for <0.1% of congenital heart defects. Evidence on the prognosis from a fetal perspective is limited. With this retrospective international case series, we provide information on the outcome of fetuses with ALVT.MethodsAll members of the Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology's (AEPC) fetal working group and fetal medicine units worldwide were invited for participation. We observed antenatal parameters, neonatal outcome and postnatal follow‐up. Additionally, a systematic search of the literature was performed.ResultsTwenty fetuses with ALVT were identified in 10 participating centers (2001–2019). Fetal echocardiographic characteristics of ALVT included an increased cardiac–thorax ratio (95%), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (90%) and a dysplastic aortic valve (90%). Extracardiac malformations were rare (5%). Eight fetuses died at a median gestational age (GA) of 21 + 6 weeks (range, 19–24): all showed signs of hydrops prior to 24 weeks or at autopsy. All others (60%, 12/2) were live–born (median GA 38 + 4, range 37–40), underwent surgery and were alive at last follow up (median 3.2 years, range 0.1–17). The literature reported 22 ALVT fetuses with similar outcome.ConclusionsIn the absence of fetal hydrops, ALVT carries a good prognosis. Fetuses who survive to 24 weeks without hydrops are likely to have a good outcome.
Fatigue crack growth behavior and morphological analysis of natural rubber compounds with varying particle size and structure of carbon black
Authors: Chanda Jagannath , Mishra Nitish , Dolui Tuhin , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbon black (CB) is an essential ingredient of any rubber compound to achieve the desired strength, stiffness, wear, and fatigue resistance. Depending on the function of a tire component (tread, sidewall, apex, etc.), different types of CBs, varying in particle sizes and structures, are used. On prolonged exposure to cyclic loading, rubber compounds lose their strength due to mechanical fatigue. In this study, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of unfilled and CB‐filled natural rubber compounds is investigated with varying particle size and structure (N115, N134, N220, N234, N330, and N339). FCG properties have been measured using a Tear and Fatigue Analyzer under various strain levels and temperatures. Microscopic analysis revealed that compounds with lower particle size and high structure CB showed better distribution and dispersion of CB throughout the whole matrix. Lower particle size with higher surface area displayed superior FCG resistance compared to the higher particle size CB. FCG of above compounds has also been studied at three different temperatures such as room temperature (25°C), 70°C, and 100°C. Significant increase in FCG rate was observed with increase in temperature due to the thermo‐oxidative degradation and reduction of strain‐induced crystallization.
Simulation of non‐Newtonian flows in a partially filled twin‐screw extruder by smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Dong Tianwen , Wu Jianchun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study considered numerical applications of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to non‐Newtonian flow in filled or partially filled conveying elements of twin‐screw extruders (TSEs). The algorithms were validated by using a plane Poiseuille flow. Two geometrical configurations with different gap were investigated. A large sound speed was used to prevent particles penetrating the wall boundary of the complex geometry. The velocity field and flow rate of Newtonian flow and non‐Newtonian flow (power law) in filled model and partially filled model were analyzed. The distribution of particles in partially filled conveying element in one rotation is introduced. The rheological properties of material take important effect on the flow in fully filled and partially filled cases. For the fully filled cases, the screw–barrel clearance takes important effect on the flow due to the leakage flow reducing the flow rate. For the partially filled case, the clearance affects the non‐Newtonian flow by changing the rheological properties of the fluid. The effect of clearance on Newtonian flow is very limited due to no back pressure in the partially filled case. This work prepared a groundwork for the accurate analysis of real extrusion by SPH.
Pulsed laser deposition – materials that matter
Authors: Delmdahl Ralph , de Vreede Lennart , Berenbak Bart , Janssens Arjen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulsed laser deposition (PLD) is the thin film method of choice for depositing complex oxide films and highly textured epitaxial layers with unsurpassed crystallinity. Excimer laser power scalability and PLD process upscaling have resulted in the first systems with 300 mm wafer capability now entering the market. From mobile communication to autonomous driving, novel materials available to high‐tech volume manufacturing matter in transitioning into a 5G connected future.
Microfluidic chip sealing using femtosecond lasers
Authors: Bayol Julien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA femtosecond laser can be used in several steps in the fabrication of microfluidic chips with flexibility and repeatability. However, it seems important to combine it with a beam shaping technique in one particular step: the sealing of the various components of the chip. Cailabs and Lasea have collaborated to demonstrate the benefits of using a custom beam profile compared to a Gaussian beam during chip welding. The results: improved quality and process speed increased nine times.
The long and winding road to market
Authors: Pozo Jose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow long it takes before patience pay off can never be known in advance. Sometimes the development of a new product or process is surprisingly quick, even for those who invented it. On other occasions, bringing a good idea to fruition can take a frustratingly long time. In this article, EPIC's CTO Jose Pozo follows the career of and talks to Boris Kobrin, CEO of Innovasonic, a developer of advanced smart glass technologies.