bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Discectomy and Decompression for Lumbar Spine using Tubular Retractor System: Technique, Learning Curve and Outcomes
Authors: Kumar V A , Reddy Ramanadha , Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Kolpakawar Swapnil , Kumar K.S. Vishwa , Pratyusha Patlolla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To study the indications, technical nuances, learning curve, and outcomes associated with minimally invasive tubular discectomy of spine (MITDS) and minimally invasive tubular decompression (MITD) using the tubular retractor system and compare the outcomes with open microdiscectomy and open decompression.
Materials and Methods All patients who underwent MITDS and MITD received a trial of conservative management for 6 weeks prior to surgery. Patients who had undergone open microdiscectomy and open decompression during the same period were used as controls. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, preop and postop visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, preop and postop Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, duration of hospital stay, complications, and need for redo surgery were analyzed.
Results Thirty-two patients who underwent MITDS and 8 patients who underwent MITD were compared with an equal number of patients who underwent open microdiscectomy and open decompression, respectively. MITDS and MITD were associated with shorter hospital stay. Short-term pain outcome was better in MITDS and MITD group, although it was not statistically significant in MITD group. Functional outcome measured in terms of ODI at 6 months was not statistically significant between minimally invasive and open procedures.
Conclusion Both MITDS and MITD have a significant learning curve and have a distinct advantage of shorter hospital stay. MITDS has the distinct advantage of better short-term pain relief compared with open procedures. For MITD, comparison of short-term pain relief requires a larger sample size. To establish long-term advantages of MITDS and MITD, larger sample size and long-term follow-up are needed.
Results of Four-Stented Biological Aortic Valves and How They Compare to PARTNER-3
Authors: Rashvand Jacqueline , Ostovar Roya , Schroeter Filip , Hartrumpf Martin , Kuehnel Ralf-Uwe , Albes Johannes M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective According to our nationwide registry, total numbers of surgical aortic valve implantation (sAVR) are constantly declining, while transcathether aortic valve implantation (TAVI) indications are widened toward intermediate- and low-risk patients. So, is there still room for conventionally implanted valves? Can results compete with TAVI or will sAVR be marginalized in the near future?
Methods Between 2011 and 2019, 1,034 patients (67.1% male, mean = 72.2 years) were enrolled receiving stented biological valves with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), atrial ablation, or wrapping of the ascending aorta. Odds ratios for the early and late mortality were calculated regarding comorbidities as potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results Overall, early mortality (EM) was 6.1%, 1-year mortality was 11.2%, and 5-year mortality was 19.9%. In low-risk patients (EuroSCORE II <4%), it was 1.0, 2.7, and 9.3%. Incidence of EM was significantly increased following decompensation, prosthetic valve, pacemaker carrier, dialysis, and pulmonary hypertension. Postoperative complications, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, multiorgan failure, hepatic failure, dialysis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and ileus, also increased EM. Late mortality was significantly increased by dialysis, hepatic cirrhosis, infected port system, aortic valve endocarditis, prosthetic valve carrier, and chronic hemodialysis.
Conclusion Conventionally implanted aortic valves do well early and late. The fate of the patient is dependent on individual risk-factors. Particularly, in low-risk patients, sAVR can compete with TAVI showing overall good early, as well as late results being even superior in some important aspects such as pacemaker implantation rate. Thus, the time is yet not ripe for TAVI to take over primary indications for AVR in low-risk patient.
Intraoperative Surgical Wound Contamination May Not Lead to Surgical-Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Clean Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Santoshi John Ashutosh , Behera Prateek , Gupta Ayush , Sharma Archa , Verma Virendra Kumar , Agrawal Udit , Purwar Shashank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives Surgical-site infections (SSIs) can complicate virtually any surgical procedure. While SSI can result from numerous causes, contamination of the surgical field can also contribute to it. Intraoperative bacterial contamination during clean orthopaedic procedures can be detected using perioperative cultures. We hypothesized that perioperative cultures could be used to predict possibility of development of SSI in patients undergoing clean orthopaedic surgeries.
Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital over a 2-year period. Intraoperative surgical wound lavage fluid and closed suction drain tip obtained in the postoperative period were sent for aerobic culture. All patients were followed up to look for the development of SSI for a period of at least 30 days for those undergoing nonimplant surgery, and 90 days for those with implant surgery.
Statistical Analysis Means with standard deviation of the continuous data were calculated. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used for the analysis of the categorical variables. Relative risk and odds ratio were calculated to evaluate the association of the parameters under study with SSI.
Results A total of 384 patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Perioperative cultures detected surgical wound contamination in 39 patients (10.1%). Forty-five patients (11.7%) developed SSI during the follow-up period. Skin commensals constituted 59% of perioperative contaminants and accounted for 20% of the SSIs. The relative risk of developing SSI with perioperative contamination was 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.09–1.63).
Conclusion Intraoperative surgical-site contaminants could be detected using perioperative cultures. However, these contaminants did not lead to SSI. Timely treatment of perioperative contamination with appropriate antibiotics and local wound care probably helped in the reduction of SSI.
Plasmid-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Venkataramana Geetha P. , Lalitha Aishwarya K.V. , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are important pathogens in health care–associated infections. Fluoroquinolone resistance has emerged in these pathogens. In this study, we aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and qepA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the transmissibility of plasmid-borne resistance determinants in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.Materials and Methods The study included P. aeruginosa (85) and A. baumannii (45) which were nonduplicate, clinically significant, and ciprofloxacin resistant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion method for other antimicrobial agents, namely amikacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and imipenem. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was determined. Efflux pump activity was evaluated using carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The presence of PMQR genes was screened by PCR amplification. Transferability of PMQR genes was determined by conjugation experiment, and plasmid-based replicon typing was performed.Results Resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents was as follows: ceftazidime (86.9%), piperacillin/tazobactam (73.8%), imipenem (69.2%), and amikacin (63.8%). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 for ciprofloxacin were 64 and greater than or equal to 256 µg/mL, respectively. There was a reduction in MIC for 37 (28.4%) isolates with CCCP. In P. aeruginosa, 12 (14.1%) isolates harbored qnrB, 12 (14.1%) qnrS, 9 (10.5%) both qnrB and qnrS, 66 (77.6%) aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and 3 (3.5%) oqxAB gene. In A. baumannii, qnrB was detected in 2 (4.4%), 1 (2.2%) harbored both the qnrA and qnrS, 1 isolate harbored qnrB and qnrS, 21 (46.6%) aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and 1 (2.2%) isolate harbored oqxAB gene. Notably, qepA gene was not detected in any of the study isolates. Conjugation experiments revealed that 12 (9.2%) were transferable. Of the transconjugants, seven (58.3%) belonged to IncFII type plasmid replicon, followed by four (33.3%) IncA/C and one (8.3%) IncFIC type.Conclusion The plasmid-mediated resistance aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene is primarily responsible for mediating fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. The predominant plasmid type is IncFII.
Evolution during primary HIV infection does not require adaptive immune selection
Authors: Swan David A. , Rolland Morgane , Herbeck Joshua T. , Schiffer Joshua T. , Reeves Daniel B. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
HIV evolution within infected individuals creates large barriers to successful vaccination and therapy. Here, we used a model that matches viral loads and mutation rates to characterize the driving forces behind HIV evolution early during infection. Surprisingly, the best model of the data did not require explicit pressure from the host immune system. Instead, the model predicts most new viral variants are intrinsically worse at infecting new cells relative to their parents. Thus, most variants do not persist and only by occasional chance does a new fit variant come to dominate. These findings also highlight the tight connection between viral population dynamics and evolution, warranting more modeling to disentangle these processes in the future.
Scale-dependent tipping points of bacterial colonization resistance
Authors: Karita Yuya , Limmer David T. , Hallatschek Oskar 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The commonly observed stability of natural microbiomes is important for their function, yet the ubiquity of microbiome stability remains enigmatic. The strongest form of stability, colonization resistance, protects residents against invaders and is often associated with specific porous structures, such as skin follicles or intestinal crypts. By systematically probing the colonization of fly gut–derived bacteria in microfluidic pores of varying sizes, we revealed that colonization patterns and invasion rates strongly depend on the pore size. Mathematical modeling shows that bacteria spontaneously tend to organize into a dense colonization-resistant state in pores exceeding a critical size. The scale dependence of stability and resilience could bias ecological filtering in microbiomes and should be considered in the design of microbial ecology experiments.
Balancing urban agriculture with sustaining ecosystem services
Authors: Egerer Monika , Lin Brenda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUrban agricultural systems are a prominent social–ecological system in cities and towns across the world. The multifunctional nature of urban agriculture engenders many benefits to urban residents, from food provision to social cohesion. In addition, many environmental services such as climate regulation and habitat for urban wildlife are supported by these agroecosystems. Both local to landscape management factors including plant diversity and ground cover management influence the provision of ecosystem services. Yet, the management decisions may create trade-offs between and among ecosystem services with the increase in one service potentially reducing the ability of the system to provide another service at a desired level. While there are some services that practitioners may not care to lose as much, for other services, the maintenance of a service will be important, based on the goals of the system. Thus, balancing and sustaining ecosystem services must be carefully considered in ecosystem management decisions. Here, we review ecosystem services (ES) within urban agriculture (UA) with a focus on residential, community, and market garden systems, and how local to landscape management influence ES provision. In addition, we evaluate trade-offs between and across services, for example, between provisioning services (food production) versus other environmental services (regulating, supporting). Finally, we highlight future research directions on ecosystem services and the trade-offs for sustainable urban food production, biodiversity, and natural resource conservation.
Advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses
Authors: McCoy Annette M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a common and debilitating disease affecting horses across breeds and disciplines. Although the cornerstone of therapy among equine practitioners remains systemic and local anti-inflammatory medications, this approach only addresses the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rather than modifying the progression of the disease itself. There has been great interest in various biologic and cell-based therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells, as potentially being disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs.In vitroand experimental results for these novel modalities are promising. However, although the use of these therapies is now widespread, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy in clinical cases is limited to date. Gene therapy for delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors has also been investigated experimentally with good results but has not entered widespread clinical practice. Standardized definitions of disease and large randomized controlled trials, organized across institutions, are needed improve evidence-based recommendations for osteoarthritis treatment. This review provides a brief overview of what is known about the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and addresses the current literature for medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse.
Temperature dependent striction effect in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B revealed using a novel high temperature resistivity measurement technique
Authors: Cho Kyuil , Bud’ko S L , Canfield P C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We studied the temperature dependence of resistivity in a single crystalline Nd2Fe14B using a newly developed high temperature probe. This novel probe employs mechanical pin connectors instead of conducting glue/paste. From warming and cooling curves, the Curie temperature was consistently measured around T

c
= 580 K. In addition, anomalous discrete jumps were found only in cooling curves between 400 and 500 K, but not shown in warming curves. More interestingly, when the jumps occurred during cooling, the resistivity was increased. This phenomenon could possibly be due to a temperature dependent striction effect induced by the re-orientation of magnetic domains well below the Curie temperature. Further microscopic study is needed to confirm this effect.
Structure formation in an anisotropic universe: Eulerian perturbation theory
Authors: Almeida Juan P. Beltrán , Motoa-Manzano Josué , Noreña Jorge , Pereira Thiago S. , Valenzuela-Toledo César A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present an effective Eulerian description, in the non-relativistic regime, of the growth of cosmological perturbations around a homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi I spacetime background. We assume a small deviation from isotropy, sourced at late times for example by dark energy anisotropic stress. We thus derive an analytic solution for the linear dark matter density contrast, and use it in a formal perturbative approach which allows us to derive a second order (non-linear) solution. As an application of the procedure followed here we derive analytic expressions for the power spectrum and the bispectrum of the dark matter density contrast. The power spectrum receives a quadrupolar correction as expected, and the bispectrum receives several angle-dependent corrections. Quite generally, we find that the contribution of a late-time phase of anisotropic expansion to the growth of structure peaks at a finite redshift between CMB decoupling and today, tough the exact redshift value is model-dependent.
Fast quantum search driven by environmental engineering
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Tian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that a joined complete graph is a typical mathematical model that can support a fast quantum search. In this paper, we study the implementation of joined complete graphs in atomic systems and realize a quantum search of runtime

O
(

N

)

based on this implementation with a success probability of 50%. Even though the practical systems inevitably interact with the surrounding environment, we reveal that a successful quantum search can be realized through delicately engineering the environment itself. We consider that our study will bring about a feasible way to realize quantum information processing including quantum algorithms in reality.
Thermal currents obtained and mutually switched by a modified Haldane model in graphene
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Xie Hang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
By using the transfer matrix method, we discover three types of current, such as the 100% spin-valley polarized current, pure spin-valley current and pure charge current, in a two-terminal graphene system. These types of current can be obtained and mutually switched by modulating the parameters of the modified Haldane model (MHM). In our work, these types of current are driven by the thermal bias. Compared with this method of increasing the one-lead temperature (with a fixed temperature difference), the thermal currents can be more effectively strengthened by increasing the temperature difference (with a fixed one-lead temperature). In order to rapidly turn off these currents, we choose to enhance the intensity of the off-resonant circularly polarized light instead of canceling the temperature difference. These results indicate that the graphene system with the MHM has promising applications in the spin and valley caloritronics.
From wave-particle duality to wave-particle-mixedness triality: an uncertainty approach
Authors: Fu Shuangshuang , Luo Shunlong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The wave-particle duality, as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity, is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility. Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective, most of them are in forms of inequalities, and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence. In this work, we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer, with uncertainty as a unified theme. More specifically, by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance, we establish a resolution of unity, which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature, particle feature, and mixedness of a quantum state. This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality, and highlights informational aspects of the issue. The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state, as a Hermitian operator, can also be naturally regarded as an observable, with measurement uncertainty (in a state) and state uncertainty (in a measurement) being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state, respectively. These two kinds of uncertainties, although both are defined via variance, have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state. Together with the mixedness, which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state, they add up to unity, and thus lead to a characterization of the wave-particle-mixedness complementarity. This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.
Intrinsic symmetry of nonlocal nonlinear optical susceptibilities
Authors: Ryzhikov P S , Makarov V A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The permutation symmetry relations of the nth order nonlocal nonlinear optical susceptibilities emerging in the absence of absorption are obtained from the basic statements of electrodynamics. The values of the nth order nonlocal nonlinear susceptibility tensor components with swapped frequencies and indices corresponding to the generated electric field and the electric field under the operator of differentiation in the constitutive equation only differ by their signs and signs of the interchanged frequencies. Additionally, there exist

n
2

−
n

relations between three components of this tensor with cyclically permuted indices and frequencies corresponding to the generated field, the field under the operator of differentiation in the constitutive equation and one of the remaining fields involved into nonlinear process under consideration.
Fidelity of quantum states in a correlated dephasing channel
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Haddadi Saeed , Reza Pourkarimi Mohammad , Ghominejad Mehrdad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effects of classical correlations and associated decoherence on the fidelity dynamics of two qubits initially prepared in maximally entangled (ME) and coherent states are examined. In both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes, the dynamics of fidelity in a correlated dephasing channel is probed. We show that fidelity decreases over time but does not disappear completely, implying that the output state does not become quite dissimilar from the input state under the effects of dephasing correlated channel. The ME state, in comparison, is more tolerant of the dephasing effects of the correlated channel than that of the maximally coherent state. Fidelity of the quantum states is significantly influenced by the degree of classical correlations between successive actions of the channel on the two qubits. As the amount of classical correlations in the implementation of the channel increases, the fidelity of the quantum states can be noticeably enhanced.
Cyclic quantum state sharing with a nine-qubit entangled state
Authors: Liu Yueqi , Zhang Gongxuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel scheme for cyclic quantum state sharing (QSTS) by using a nine-qubit entangled state as quantum channel. In this scheme, each of the three dealers has a different unknown quantum state, and every dealer wants two agents to share his/her quantum state. At the same time, three dealers perform Bell basis measurements on his/her own qubits, and the controllers make a single-qubit measurement on his/her own qubits, after that, the receivers can recover the original states by applying suitable unitary operations, respectively. It is shown that, only if all agents collaborate with each other, the cyclic QSTS can be completed with unit success probability.