bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the use of land system archetypes to increase regional variability representation in country-specific characterization factors: a soil erosion case study
Authors: Alejandre Elizabeth M. , Guinée Jeroen B. , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The characterization of land use impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA) requires a constant compromise between highly specific impacts models and coarse geographical scales available in life cycle inventory, where most information is provided at country level as the highest degree of geographical specificity. The derivation of country-specific characterization factors is usually done estimating impacts with the use of land cover and potential natural vegetation maps, assuming the most predominant biome per country as representative. This study explores the use of land system archetypes to derive country-specific characterization factors for land use-related soil erosion impacts that can better represent intra-national variations, while accounting for several biogeographical and socioeconomic differences.

Methods
Land use-specific characterization factors were derived as the potentially enhanced soil erosion rate, using the soil erosion rates of each archetype as a reference state, and correction factors to reflect the relative increase or decrease in soil erosion rates associated with each of the eight land use types assessed: forest, permanent crops, grassland, farmland, fallow ground, moorland, urban/industrial, and mining/landfill. Country-specific characterization factors for land use erosion impacts of occupation (in ton/(m2·year)) were calculated by taking into account the land system archetypes present in each country, the land use-specific characterization factors, and the likelihood of each land use type occurring across archetypes (based on rule of thumb expert estimates). The country-specific characterization factors were produced specifically for occupation impacts for each of the eight land use types, and covering 263 countries and territories/dependencies.

Results and discussion
The resulting 2,104 country-specific characterization factors displayed in average a considerably greater variation in comparison with characterization factors produced when only the most predominant archetype per country is assumed as representative per country. The results indicate that world generic values might underestimate up to 10 times the degree of impacts associated with land use types such as permanent crops, fallow ground, mining, and landfill. The use of land system archetypes presents a viable approach to derive country-specific characterization factors while taking into account key intra-national variations, as well as biogeographical and socioeconomic factors.
Applicability of ESMO-MCBS and ESCAT for molecular tumor boards
Authors: Wolff Ladislaia , Kiesewetter Barbara 
Published: April 2022

SummaryScoring systems for classifying genomic alterations (GAs) with respect to their potential targeted anticancer therapies (TTs) may be useful for rational and evidence-based decision-making, for example in molecular tumor boards. Therefore, a working group of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has developed a comprehensive and reproducible classification score that allows the ranking of GAs and TTs according to their level of evidence and clinical relevance. This score is called the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). Another score not explicitly developed for TTs but helpful in grading novel TTs is the ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). This tool was designed to objectively quantify the clinical benefit of novel approved therapies. The current review summarizes the status quo of these scores and their applicability for molecular tumor boards.
Seismic Site Characterization Using Ambient Noise and Earthquake HVSR in the Easternmost Part of Shillong Plateau, India
Authors: Vijayan Athira , Agrawal Mohit , Gupta Ravindra K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study provides site characterization results using passive seismic techniques for the easternmost part of Shillong plateau of Northeastern India. The prime objective of this research is to generate the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) from earthquakes and ambient microtremor data for generation of 1-D shear wave velocity profiles to reveal the basement depths and fundamental resonance frequencies underneath three stations of Shillong plateau. The earthquake waveforms are recorded for a period of eighteen months (i.e. December 2018 to June 2020) using broadband seismometer; while the ambient microtremor data is collected from a three component highly sensitive velocity meter. The earthquake HVSRs and noise HVSRs are consistent with each other and range from ~3.6 Hz to ~14.5 Hz. The Rayleigh wave ellipticity are generated from the corresponding HVSR curves for inversion to determine compressional and shear wave velocity structure. We report that the compressional and shear wave velocity profiles match fairly well for both earthquakes and ambient microtremor data. Overall, Vs30 lies in the range of 480 m/s to 2600 m/s at all locations in the easternmost part of Shillong plateau; while the sedimentary layer velocity lies between 450 m/s and 1100 m/s. The thickness of the sedimentary layer is assessed from the velocity profiles and using an empirical formula makes a good match and varies from 11.3 m to 31.2 m.
Evaluation of 3D seismic survey design parameters through ray-trace modeling and seismic illumination studies: a case study
Authors: Nagendra Babu M , Baskey Baruneswar , Thota Venkata Giri , Singh Sansar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a case study of wavefront construction-based ray-trace modeling to access the 3D seismic exploration parameters that significantly impact achieving the exploration target in seismic data acquisition. The traditional methods assessment is based on the horizontal reflector concept, which does not consider the subsurface's inhomogeneities. This case study provides a methodology by considering the effect of subsurface variations on the estimation of seismic survey parameters. As the first step in this methodology, an elastic earth model is created to propagate theoretical seismic rays from a 3D seismic survey to generate seismic ray properties. Then illumination maps and synthetic seismic sections are generated from these seismic ray attributes to evaluate seismic survey performance in seismic imaging targets. The results proved that the method helps estimate seismic survey efficiencies in seismic target imaging. Therefore, the ray-trace modeling methodology can help obtain the target fold coverage in complex geological settings by designing and verifying the seismic survey parameters.
A MINLP model for combination pressurization optimization of shale gas gathering system
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhang Hao , Li Zelong , Liang Guangchuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe combination pressurization of the shale gas gathering system is one of the most common pressurization methods in the current engineering site, but it is mostly set by manual experience or simulation analysis, and thus the optimal pressurization scheme cannot be obtained. In order to optimize the pressurization mode of the shale gas gathering and transportation system, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) is established based on the existing pressurization mode of the shale gas field. The model takes the minimum total cost of the compressor unit as the objective function. Various constraints are also taken into account, such as pipe pressure, flowrate, compressor related, well and platform throttling, uniqueness for well and platform pressurization. Solving this optimization model can figure out the appropriate pressurization position, operating power, and compressor unit cost. An actual case for a shale gas block is applied to determine the combined pressurization scheme suitable for this production condition. The results show that the combination of more pressurization methods can meet the pressurization requirements under different production conditions. When both well and platform pressurization are considered, the optimized pressurization position is more concentrated, the number of compressors is reduced by two sets, and the total compressor cost is reduced by 99.28 × 104 Yuan, which reflects the advantages of combined pressurization in the pressurization of shale gas gathering and transportation systems.
RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor in melanoma via regulating the activation of the MKK/p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Rui , Lu Shun-Yuan , Ma Jin-Xia , Wang Qian-Lan , Zhang Lu , Tang Ling-Yun , Shen Yan , Shen Chun-Ling , Wang Jin-Jin , Lu Li-Ming , Wang Zhu-Gang , Zhang Hong-Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies have indicated that RIG-I may act as a tumor suppressor and participate in the tumorigenesis of some malignant diseases. However, RIG-I induces distinct cellular responses via different downstream signaling pathways depending on the cell type. To investigate the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of RIG-I in the tumorigenesis of melanoma, we constructed RIG-I knockout, RIG-I-overexpressing B16-F10 and RIG-I knockdown A375 melanoma cell lines, and analyzed the RIG-I-mediated change in the biological behavior of tumor cells in spontaneous and poly (I:C)-induced RIG-I activation. Cell proliferation, cell cycling, apoptosis and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay, BrdU incorporation assay, Annexin V–PI staining assay and Transwell assay, respectively. In vivo tumorigenicity was evaluated by tumor xenograft growth in nude mice and subsequently by Ki67 staining and TUNEL assays. Furthermore, Western blotting was utilized to explore the underlying mechanism of RIG-I in melanoma cells. Our data showed that RIG-I promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation by G1 phase cell cycle arrest in the melanoma cell lines. Mechanistically, RIG-I induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MAPK kinases MKK3 and MKK4. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that RIG-I suppressed the development of melanoma by regulating the activity of the MKK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which is relevant to research on novel therapeutic targets for this malignant disease.
Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Properties of Ti–V–Nb–Cr High-Entropy Alloys and the Associated Effects of Transitional Metals (M = Mn, Fe, Ni)
Authors: Cheng Bo , Li Yunkai , Li Xiaoxi , Ke Huibin , Wang Liang , Cao Tangqing , Wan Di , Wang Benpeng , Xue Yunfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) designed by the concepts of unique entropy-stabilized mechanisms, started to attract widespread interests for their hydrogen storage properties. HEAs with body-centered cubic (BCC) structures present a high potential for hydrogen storage due to the high hydrogen-to-metal ratio (up to H/M = 2) and vastness of compositions. Although many studies reported rapid absorption kinetics, the investigation of hydrogen desorption is missing, especially in BCC HEAs. We have investigated the crystal structure, microstructure and hydrogen storage performance of a series of HEAs in the Ti–V–Nb–Cr system. Three types of TiVCrNb HEAs (Ti4V3NbCr2, Ti3V3Nb2Cr2, Ti2V3Nb3Cr2) with close atomic radii and different valence electron concentrations (VECs) were designed with single BCC phase by CALPHAD method. The three alloys with fast hydrogen absorption kinetics reach the H/M ratio up to 2. Particularly, Ti4V3NbCr2 alloy shows the hydrogen storage capacity of 3.7 wt%, higher than other HEAs ever reported. The dehydrogenation activation energy of HEAs’ hydride has been proved to decrease with decreasing VEC, which may be due to the weakening of alloy atom and H atom. Moreover, Ti4V3NbCr2M (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) alloys were also synthesized to destabilize hydrides. The addition of Mn, Fe and Ni lead to precipitation of Laves phase, however, the kinetics did not improve further because of their own excellent hydrogen absorption. With increasing the content of Laves phase, there appear more pathways for hydrogen desorption so that the hydrides are more easily dissociated, which may provide new insights into how to achieve hydrogen desorption in BCC HEAs at room temperature.
The Co-evolution of the Regional Logistics Network in the Chengdu–Chongqing Region Based on Node Attraction
Authors: Mu Nengye , Wang Yuanshun , Wang Min , Han Shijiao , Chen Zhen-Song 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the formation of urban agglomerations, economic zones, and metropolitan areas, the supporting role of the regional logistics industry in economic development is becoming increasingly prominent. It is of great significance to study the spatiotemporal evolution and the coordinated development of regional logistics networks to realize regional integration. In this paper, we propose the weighted co-evolution model of regional logistics networks based on node attraction by introducing concepts such as logistics attractiveness, geographic space distance, and logistics node level, and we integrate the true regional situation into the evolution model. Taking the Chengdu–Chongqing region as an example, we analyze the co-evolution simulation of the area’s regional logistics network. The results show that (1) there are three node connections between new and original nodes, and 50 nodes are added per time interval, which is an ideal situation for studying the evolution of a regional logistics network; (2) the future evolution of the regional logistics network in the Chengdu–Chongqing region can be divided into three stages: the initial construction period from the initial state to the T2 stage, the slow maturity period from T2 to T3, and the coordinated development period from T3 to T4. This research serves as a reference for government managers to formulate logistics development plans.
L’histoire intellectuelle de l’Europe après le tournant global
Authors: Moyn Samuel 
Published: April 2022

L’histoire intellectuelle de l’Europe après le tournant globalLa globalisation de l’histoire intellectuelle de l’Europe moderne et contemporaine est attendue depuis longtemps ; elle en est également encore à ses débuts. Cet essai distingue quatre pistes suivies jusqu’à présent par les historiens. La première correspond à une tentative de retrouver les sources et les contextes mondiaux du canon de la « pensée européenne ». Une deuxième approche consiste à redonner vie aux imaginaires globaux des penseurs européens modernes. Une troisième possibilité, plus difficile à envisager, revient à retracer la circulation des traditions de pensée et des concepts européens à travers la planète en analysant leur réception et leur refaçonnage au cours de ces voyages, tandis que des réseaux de rétroaction complexes brouillaient les démarcations entre l’européen et le non-européen. Une quatrième et dernière voie, plus controversée, insiste sur l’importance capitale du canon de pensée européen dans la compréhension des interactions mondiales passées et présentes, en soulignant qu’une partie de la valeur de ce canon réside dans le fait qu’il peut aider à corriger les points aveugles que ses propres historiens lui ont imposés en représentant, à tort, la pensée européenne comme un isolat coupé du reste du monde.
L’histoire globale de l’Europe à l’aune de la religion
Authors: Green Abigail 
Published: April 2022

L’histoire globale de l’Europe à l’aune de la religionL’histoire européenne en tant que champ a été construite autour d’une idée de l’Europe – de ses frontières, de ses valeurs, de sa civilisation et de ses nationalités – structurée par le christianisme et ses héritages séculiers. Plutôt que de chercher à globaliser l’histoire de l’Europe en considérant l’influence de la chrétienté sur d’autres parties du monde, et vice versa, cet article remet en question ce récit dominant. Il se demande comment l’historiographie de l’Europe peut intégrer les historiographies des populations non chrétiennes de l’Europe, à savoir les juifs et les musulmans. Ces historiographies possèdent leurs rythmes propres, ainsi que des cadres conceptuels et des géographies spécifiques, dans lesquels l’Europe revêt des connotations très différentes ; elles déplacent notre attention du Nord et de l’Ouest vers le Sud et l’Est, nous enjoignant de penser différemment l’Europe et la diversité qui a toujours existé en son sein. Séparément, ces historiographies parlent d’expériences très différentes. Prises ensemble, elles nous aident à penser d’une autre manière l’interface entre l’Europe et le monde, et à écrire l’histoire de l’Europe elle-même à contre-courant.
Investigating the Preparedness of Iranian Families in the Face of Disasters
Authors: Karimi Kivi Hamid , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Preparedness in different sections of a society can improve the reactions of individuals at the time of disasters and strengthen the cooperation and coordination between people and organizations. The present study aimed to investigate the preparedness of households in Ardabil Province of Iran in the face of disasters in 2020.

Methods:
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Ardabil Province in Iran in 2020. The target population included the households living in Ardabil Province. The study was conducted on 10 502 participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire completed by trained questioners by referring to the participants’ houses. It should be noted that the questionnaires were completed by one of the household parents. The questionnaire contained 15 questions related to taking and not taking disaster preparedness measures at specific times. EXCEL 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and SPSS 23 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) were used for data analysis.

Results:
Considering the score of 1 for each action, the mean score of households’ disaster preparedness in Ardabil Province was 31.09%. The preparedness level of 51.4%, 42.31%, and 6.29% of the households in the province against disasters was at low, moderate, and good levels, respectively. Among the items of preparedness in the face of disasters, the highest value was related to the familiarity of family members with the initial warnings of significant hazards (5162 households, 49.15%) followed by planning for coping with disasters (43.12%) and assessing the non-structural vulnerability (38.93%). Furthermore, the results showed that the level of household preparedness was higher in the center of the province compared to other cities.

Conclusion:
Evaluating the level of preparedness of different societies in the face of disasters can be very useful in identifying the challenges to improve preparedness and, consequently, achieving sustainable development. This assessment can be considered a resource for provincial policy-making and planning to achieve the priorities set out in the Sendai framework. However, such assessments should be performed periodically, for example, annually, to reflect the effectiveness of the interventional measures in improving preparedness. Considering the low level of households’ preparedness in the present study, there is a gap between what people know and what they do, and comprehensive studies are needed on various factors that encourage people to take preparedness measures.
Evolution of machine learning in environmental science—A perspective
Authors: Hsieh William W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The growth of machine learning (ML) in environmental science can be divided into a slow phase lasting till the mid-2010s and a fast phase thereafter. The rapid transition was brought about by the emergence of powerful new ML methods, allowing ML to successfully tackle many problems where numerical models and statistical models have been hampered. Deep convolutional neural network models greatly advanced the use of ML on 2D or 3D data. Transfer learning has allowed ML to progress in climate science, where data records are generally short for ML. ML and physics are also merging in new areas, for example: (a) using ML for general circulation model parametrization, (b) adding physics constraints in ML models, and (c) using ML in data assimilation.
PaleoRec: A sequential recommender system for the annotation of paleoclimate datasets
Authors: Manety Shravya , Khider Deborah , Heiser Christopher , McKay Nicholas , Emile-Geay Julien , Routson Cody 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studying past climate variability is fundamental to our understanding of current changes. In the era of Big Data, the value of paleoclimate information critically depends on our ability to analyze large volume of data, which itself hinges on standardization. Standardization also ensures that these datasets are more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Building upon efforts from the paleoclimate community to standardize the format, terminology, and reporting of paleoclimate data, this article describes PaleoRec, a recommender system for the annotation of such datasets. The goal is to assist scientists in the annotation task by reducing and ranking relevant entries in a drop-down menu. Scientists can either choose the best option for their metadata or enter the appropriate information manually. PaleoRec aims to reduce the time to science while ensuring adherence to community standards. PaleoRec is a type of sequential recommender system based on a recurrent neural network that takes into consideration the short-term interest of a user in a particular dataset. The model was developed using 1996 expert-annotated datasets, resulting in 6,512 sequences. The performance of the algorithm, as measured by the Hit Ratio, varies between 0.7 and 1.0. PaleoRec is currently deployed on a web interface used for the annotation of paleoclimate datasets using emerging community standards.
Why we need to focus on developing ethical, responsible, and trustworthy artificial intelligence approaches for environmental science
Authors: McGovern Amy , Ebert-Uphoff Imme , Gagne David John , Bostrom Ann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given the growing use of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods across all aspects of environmental sciences, it is imperative that we initiate a discussion about the ethical and responsible use of AI. In fact, much can be learned from other domains where AI was introduced, often with the best of intentions, yet often led to unintended societal consequences, such as hard coding racial bias in the criminal justice system or increasing economic inequality through the financial system. A common misconception is that the environmental sciences are immune to such unintended consequences when AI is being used, as most data come from observations, and AI algorithms are based on mathematical formulas, which are often seen as objective. In this article, we argue the opposite can be the case. Using specific examples, we demonstrate many ways in which the use of AI can introduce similar consequences in the environmental sciences. This article will stimulate discussion and research efforts in this direction. As a community, we should avoid repeating any foreseeable mistakes made in other domains through the introduction of AI. In fact, with proper precautions, AI can be a great tool to help reduce climate and environmental injustice. We primarily focus on weather and climate examples but the conclusions apply broadly across the environmental sciences.
GAMES CHARACTERIZING LIMSUP FUNCTIONS AND BAIRE CLASS 1 FUNCTIONS
Authors: ELEKES MÁRTON , FLESCH JÁNOS , KISS VIKTOR , NAGY DONÁT , POÓR MÁRK , PREDTETCHINSKI ARKADI 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a real-valued function f defined on the set of infinite branches X of a countably branching pruned tree T. The function f is said to be a limsup function if there is a function
$u \colon T \to \mathbb {R}$
such that
$f(x) = \limsup _{t \to \infty } u(x_{0},\dots ,x_{t})$
for each
$x \in X$
. We study a game characterization of limsup functions, as well as a novel game characterization of functions of Baire class 1.