bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal reconstruction using a gluteal transposition flap after abdominoperineal excision for anorectal malignancy
Authors: Bolmstrand Björn , Sommar Pehr , Nilsson Per J. , Zach Diana , Lagergren Jakob , Schain Daniel , Holm Torbjörn , Martling Anna , Palmer Gabriella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to present and evaluate a surgical method using gluteal flap for combined perineal and vaginal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision (APE) with partial vaginectomy for anorectal malignancy. The method is a two-centre study of consecutive patients undergoing APE including partial vaginectomy for anorectal tumours, with immediate combined perineal and vaginal reconstruction using gluteal flaps. Follow-up data were retrieved via retrospective review of medical records, questionnaires and gynaecological examinations. Some 34 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. At the time of follow-up, 14 (78%) of the 18 patients alive responded to questionnaires. Seven (50%) of the survey responders agreed to undergo gynaecological examination. Major flap-specific complications (Clavien–Dindo > 2) were observed in 3 (9%) patients. Among survey responders, 11 (79%) had been sexually active preoperatively of which five (45%) resumed sexual activity postoperatively and three (27%) resumed vaginal intercourse. These three patients had all implemented an active vaginal health promotion strategy postoperatively. Perineo-vaginal reconstruction using gluteal flap after extended APE for anorectal malignancy is feasible. Although comparable to other methods of reconstruction, the rate of perineo-vaginal complications is high and post-operative sexual dysfunction is substantial. Postoperative strategies for vaginal health promotion may improve sexual function after vaginal reconstruction.
Heat resilience of apartment buildings in Korea and Germany: comparison of building design and climate
Authors: Schünemann Christoph , Son Seoyeon , Ortlepp Regine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA major concern in climate adaptation is to enhance the heat resilient design of residential buildings. However, recent scientific literature addressing overheating analysis is only focussing on individual countries. In this article, we discuss how different design of representative apartment buildings in two countries influences the overheating risk or cooling demand and what conclusions can be drawn from it. This is done for a low-rise apartment building located in Germany and a high-rise building in South Korea applying building performance simulation. Both countries are located in the moderate climate zone, but regional differences in frequency of tropical nights and radiant summer days lead to significant differences in overheating intensity (800 Kh/a for the German and 5100 Kh/a for the Korean) or cooling demand (1800 kWh for the German to 1300 kWh for the Korean). The lower cooling demand but much higher overheating intensity of the Korean building compared to the German is mainly caused by the different solar heat gain due to the glazed balcony design of the Korean building where these balcony rooms are not actively cooled. On the contrary, the common internal façade insulation of Korean buildings results in a higher overheating risk compared to the German building and in addition the lower potential of passive cooling by natural ventilation due to the necessity of insect screens in Korea. The large effect of implementing heat adaptation measures on overheating risk reduction or cooling demand (up to 90%) clearly demonstrates that both buildings are far away from a heat resilient design and that heat adaptation measures can address both climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Vector transmission and epidemiology of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in Austria and identification of Cacopsylla pyrisuga as new pathogen vector
Authors: Riedle-Bauer Monika , Paleskić Caroline , Schönhuber Christina , Staples Martina , Brader Günter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPear decline, induced by the phytoplasma 'CandidatusPhytoplasma pyri', transmitted by pear psyllids, is one of the most devastating diseases onPyrus communisin Europe and North America. Investigations of pear psyllids in 4 pear orchards in lower Austria showed the presence ofCacopsylla pyri,C. pyricolaandC. pyrisugaat all locations. PCR analyses revealed overall phytoplasma infection rates forC. pyriof 5.4%, forC. pyricola,of 4.6%, forC. pyrisugaremigrants of 9.6% and forC. pyrisugaemigrants of 0%. The rates of PCR-positiveC. pyriandC. pyricolaindividuals varied greatly in the course of the year, and the highest infection rates were observed in late summer, autumn and in late winter. In transmission experiments with healthy pear seedlings, winterform individuals ofC. pyri and C. pyricolatransmitted the pathogen to 19.2% (5 out of 26) and 4.8% (2 out of 41) of the test plants, respectively. The vectoring ability ofC. pyrisugawas experimentally proven for the first time, and in transmission experiments with remigrants, 9.5% (2 out of 21) of the pear seedlings were infected. Our data indicate a significant risk of pathogen transmission in pear orchards during the greater part of the year, especially in late winter, early spring and autumn. Multilocus sequence analysis by aid of the genesaceFandimpallowed the discrimination between 15 phytoplasma types. Three so far undescribedaceFgenotypes and four undescribedimpgenotypes were identified.
Examining the consequences of poor neonatal health on the family
Authors: Luca Dara Lee , Sevak Purvi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe compare the trajectories of families who have a child with poor neonatal health compared to those who do not, using administrative birth record data merged with longitudinal household survey data. We apply entropy balancing and weighting methods to enhance comparison between the two types of families. We find that children with poor neonatal health are more likely to be diagnosed with a disability and to receive Supplemental Security Income. Mothers who have children with poor neonatal health are more likely to reduce labor force participation at both the intensive and extensive margins when the child is young. Further, they are more likely to receive benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. We find no significant effects of poor neonatal health on maternal mental health or household income. Parents who have children with poor neonatal health are significantly less likely to remain married or cohabiting.
Predictors of wasting among children under-five years in largely food insecure area of north Wollo, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Anato Anchamo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Child undernutrition is widespread in low- and middle-income countries and is linked with weakened immunity and increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Ethiopia has made a marked reduction in stunting, but there has, however, been little progress in wasting reduction and limited evidence in food insecure areas may hamper the design of effective interventions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the contributing factors to persistent high prevalence of wasting among 6–59-month-old children. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in February to March 2020, and included 384 mother–child pairs. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. The overall prevalence of wasting was 12⋅8 % (95 % CI 9⋅1, 16⋅1); with 5⋅8 % severely wasted. Factors significantly associated with wasting were child age 6–23 (v. 24–59 months), delayed initiation of breast-feeding, diarrhoeal illness in the last 2 weeks, poor dietary diversity and low socioeconomic status. The present findings support that aligning poverty reduction interventions and healthcare services is important to accelerate wasting reduction more equitably and achieve the World Health Assembly's target and SDG goal #2 in the coming years. Improving accessibility and affordability of nutritious foods and early diagnosis and treatment of childhood morbidity are critical to address childhood wasting in the context of food insecure areas.
COVID-19 and the Experiences and Needs of Staff and Management Working at the Front Lines of Long-Term Care in Central Canada
Authors: Reynolds Kristin , Ceccarelli Laura , Pankratz Lily , Snider Tara , Tindall Cameron , Omolola Daniel , Feniuk Chelsea , Turenne-Maynard Julie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcross the globe, long-term care has been under increased pressure throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the first study to examine the experiences and needs of long-term care staff and management during COVID-19, in the Canadian context. Our group conducted online survey research with 70 staff and management working at public long-term care facilities in central Canada, using validated quantitative measures to examine perceived stress and caregiver burden; and open-ended items to explore stressors, ways of coping, and barriers to accessing mental health supports. Findings indicate moderate levels of stress and caregiver burden, and highlight the significant stressors associated with working in long-term care during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., rapid changes in pandemic guidelines, increased workload, “meeting the needs of residents and families”, fear of contracting COVID-19 and COVID-19 coming into long-term care facilities, and concern over a negative public view of long-term care staff and facilities). A small subset (13.2%) of our sample identified accessing mental health supports to cope with work-related stress, with most participants identifying barriers to seeking help. Novel findings of this research highlight the significant and unmet needs of this high-risk segment of the population.
Linear kitchen layout design via machine learning
Authors: Pejic Jelena , Pejic Petar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to develop a novel approach for linear kitchen layout design which utilizes information from existing layouts via machine learning algorithms. With the growing popularity of large-scale virtual 3D environments for architectural visualization and the game industry, the manual interior design of virtual scenes becomes prohibitively expensive in terms of time and resources. In our approach, the machine learning model automatically generates layout suggestions. The proposed procedural kitchen generation (PKG) model is a pipeline of six Machine Learning (ML) classifiers that are trained and tested on a kitchen layout dataset created by interior designers. The performances of the model are evaluated for the following classifiers: Random forest, Decision tree, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, MLP, SVM, and L2 Logistic regression. Random forest, as the best performing classifier is used in the final PKG model, and integrated into Unity Engine for automatic 3D kitchen generation and presentation. The PKG model is evaluated in the quantitative and perceptual study, showing better performance than the prior rule-based method. The perceptual study results demonstrate that our tool can be used to speed up designer's work, improve communication with clients, and educate interior design students.
The Lithophile Element Budget of Earth's Core
Authors: Chidester B. A. , Lock S. J. , Swadba K. E. , Rahman Z. , Righter K. , Campbell A. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe relative composition of Earth's core and mantle were set during core formation. By determining how elements partition between metal and silicate at high pressures and temperatures, measurements of the mantle composition and geophysical observations of the core can be used to understand the mechanisms by which Earth formed. Here we present the results of metal‐silicate partitioning experiments for a range of nominally lithophile elements (Al, Ca, K, Mg, O, Si, Th, and U) and S to 85 GPa and up to 5400 K. With our results and a compilation of literature data, we developed a parameterization for partitioning that accounts for compositional dependencies in both the metal and silicate phases. Using this parameterization in a range of planetary growth models, we find that, in general, lithophile element partitioning into the metallic phase is enhanced at high temperatures. The relative abundances of FeO, SiO2, and MgO in the mantle vary significantly between planetary growth models, and the mantle abundances of these elements can be used to provide important constraints on Earth's accretion. To match Earth's core mass and mantle composition, Earth's building blocks must have been enriched in Fe and depleted in Si compared with CI chondrites. Finally, too little Mg, Si, and O are partitioned into the core for precipitation of oxides to be a major source of energy for the geodynamo. In contrast, several ppb of U can be partitioned into the core at high temperatures, and this energy source must be accounted for in thermal evolution models.
Extravesicular TIMP-1 is a non-invasive independent prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Rao Venkatesh Sadananda , Gu Qianyu , Tzschentke Sandra , Lin Kuailu , Ganig Nicole , Thepkaysone May-Linn , Wong Fang Cheng , Polster Heike , Seifert Lena , Seifert Adrian M. , Buck Nathalie , Riediger Carina , Weiße Jonas , Gutschner Tony , Michen Susanne , Temme Achim , Schneider Martin , Baenke Franziska , Weitz Jürgen , Kahlert Christoph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMolecular reprogramming of stromal microarchitecture by tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is proposed to favour pre-metastatic niche formation. We elucidated the role of extravesicular tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1EV) in pro-invasive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of the liver microenvironment to aid tumour progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a high expression of stromal TIMP1 in the invasion front that was associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Molecular analysis identified TIMP1EV enrichment in CRC-EVs as a major factor in the induction of TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we proved that EV-mediated TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts induced ECM remodelling. This effect was recapitulated by human serum-derived EVs providing strong evidence that CRC release active EVs into the blood circulation of patients for the horizontal transfer of malignant traits to recipient cells. Moreover, EV-associated TIMP1 binds to HSP90AA, a heat-shock protein, and the inhibition of HSP90AA on human-derived serum EVs attenuates TIMP1EV-mediated ECM remodelling, rendering EV-associated TIMP1 a potential therapeutic target. Eventually, in accordance with REMARK guidelines, we demonstrated in three independent cohorts that EV-bound TIMP1 is a robust circulating biomarker for a non-invasive, preoperative risk stratification in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
The role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of leptospirosis
Authors: Haji Hajikolaei Mohammad Rahim , Rezaei Sareh , Ghadrdan Mashhadi Ali Reza , Ghorbanpoor Masoud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a common global zoonotic disease of man and all farm animals. Although most leptospiral infections in sheep and goats are asymptomatic, they may play a role in the epidemiology of the disease by the spread of Leptospira through the urine. This study was carried out to evaluate the role of sheep and goats in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. Blood and urine samples were taken from 210 goats and 246 sheep. To detect antibodies, sera samples were tested with 8 live serovars of L. interrogans (Hardjo, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Ballum, Icterhemorrhagiae, Tarasovi, and Australis) by MAT. Then, urine samples were tested by Nested PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene for detection of pathogenic Leptospira. Results of MAT showed that 10.95% of goats and 8.53% of sheep had antibodies against at least one examined serovars. In both species, the highest reacting was L. i. Pomona with a rate of 68.18% and 56% in sheep and goats, respectively. Moreover, in PCR, 2 (0.95%) urine samples of goat and 12 (4.87%) urine samples of sheep were positive. All of the MAT positive studied animals were PCR negative and, statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship and agreement between the results of PCR and MAT in sheep (kappa = − 0.07, p > 0.05) and goats (kappa = − 0.02, p > 0.05). Finally, it is concluded that sheep and goats can excrete L. interrogans in the urine and thus transmit them to other animals and humans.
The fabrication and assessment of mosquito repellent cream for outdoor protection
Authors: Hazarika Hemanga , Krishnatreyya Harshita , Tyagi Varun , Islam Johirul , Gogoi Neelutpal , Goyary Danswrang , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Zaman Kamaruz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMosquito-borne infections like dengue, malaria, chikungunya, etc. are a nuisance and can cause profound discomfort to people. Due to the objectional side effects and toxicity associated with synthetic pyrethroids,N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET),N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide (DEPA), andN,N-di ethyl benzamide (DEBA) based mosquito repellent products, we developed an essential oil (EO) based mosquito repellent cream (EO-MRC) using clove, citronella and lemongrass oil. Subsequently, a formulation characterization, bio-efficacy, and safety study of EO-MRC were carried out. Expression of Anti-OBP2A and TRPV1 proteins on mosquito head parts were studied by western blotting. In-silico screening was also conducted for the specific proteins. An FT-IR study confirmed the chemical compatibility of the EOs and excipients used in EO-MRC. The thermal behaviour of the best EOs and their mixture was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). GC–MS examination revealed various chemical components present in EOs. Efficacy of EO-MRC was correlated with 12%N,N-diethyl benzamide (DEBA) based marketed cream (DBMC). Complete protection time (CPT) of EO-MRC was determined as 228 min. Cytotoxicity study on L-132 cell line confirmed the non-toxic nature of EO-MRC upon inhalation. Acute dermal irritation study, acute dermal dose toxicity study, and acute eye irritation study revealed the non-toxic nature of EO-MRC. Non-target toxicity study onDanio rerioconfirmed EO-MRC as safer for aquatic non-target animals. A decrease in the concentration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was observed in transfluthrin (TNSF) exposed Wistar rats. While EO-MRC did not alter the AChE concentrations in the exposed animals. Results from western blotting confirmed that Anti-OBP2A and TRPV1 proteins were inhibited in TNSF exposed mosquitoes. Mosquitoes exposed to EO-MRC showed a similar expression pattern for Anti-OBP2A and TRPV1 as the control group. In silico study revealed eight identified compounds of the EOs play significant roles in the overall repellency property of the developed product. The study emphasizes the mosquito repellent activity of EO-MRC, which could be an effective, eco-friendly, and safer alternative to the existing synthetic repellents for personal protection against mosquitoes during field conditions.
Experimental and computational study of BF3-catalyzed transformations of ortho-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehydes: an unexpected difference from TFA catalysis
Authors: Koványi-Lax Györgyi , Hargitai Csilla , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter , Nagy Tamás , Tóth Gábor , Garádi Zsófia , Németh Gábor , Pandur Angéla , Horváth Simon , Dancsó András , Simig Gyula , Volk Balázs 
Published: February 2022

In the present study, reactions of ortho-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehydes are described with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate used as the catalyst, leading to two unexpected products.
A software PAM4 clock data recovery algorithm for high‐speed serial communication
Authors: Wu Tong , Song Kezhu , Chen Zhuo , Zhao Hongwei , Yu Han 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTime jitter analysis is an important means to evaluate the performance of a high‐speed serial communication system. Clock data recovery (CDR) is a critical component of a high‐speed serial link that recovers the reference clock from a signal for jitter analysis. Traditional studies focused on CDR technology for the non‐return‐to‐zero pattern based on a hardware design, but little work has been devoted to the software CDR especially for the four‐level pulse amplitude modulated (PAM4) encoded data signals. This study proposes a new software algorithm to recover clocks from PAM4 signals that is capable of extracting synchronous clocks from PAM4 signals to design an ideal software phase‐locked loop for clock recovery. The proposed algorithm extracts more types of data transition edges than hardware methods to avoid the loss of jitter information. Besides, the algorithm designs an ideal phase‐locked loop to improve the filtering accuracy. This algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB, and shows superior performance to that of conventional CDR technology.
A novel exponential‐type anti‐windup method applied to the power converter in marine electrical propeller system
Authors: Gao Bo , Wang Guoling , Li Zhenyu , Song Wujian , Lin Honggui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel exponential anti‐windup method for a high‐proportional‐load marine electrical propeller system, allowing the system to respond to changes in working conditions that would make the control system operate in the open‐loop state and severely affect the system stability and dynamic response speed. First, the commonly used inverse calculation type and conditional integration type anti‐windup methods are discussed, and the two methods are compared and analysed. The proposed exponential anti‐integral saturation method is obtained by introducing an exponential link in the PI controller to weaken the effect of the integral link when the controller output is saturated to improve the control performance of the traditional anti‐integral saturation method when the operating conditions of the marine electrical propeller system change. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, experiments were conducted using starsim. The experimental results verify that the theoretical analysis and parameter design are correct and superior and have the characteristics of fast desaturation and small overshoot of the system. The method has good theoretical research significance and practical application prospects for improving the comprehensive performance of marine electrical propeller systems.