bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMDA receptor–related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity
Authors: Ghanavati Elham , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , De Melo Lorena , Nitsche Michael A , Kuo Min-Fang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dopamine is a key neuromodulator of neuroplasticity and an important neuronal substrate of learning, and memory formation, which critically involves glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Dopamine modulates NMDA receptor activity via dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtypes. It is hypothesized that dopamine focuses on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, i.e. reduces diffuse widespread but enhances locally restricted plasticity via a D2 receptor-dependent NMDA receptor activity reduction. Here, we explored NMDA receptor–dependent mechanisms underlying dopaminergic modulation of LTP-like plasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Eleven healthy, right-handed volunteers received anodal tDCS (1 mA, 13 min) over the left motor cortex combined with dopaminergic agents (the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine, levodopa for general dopamine enhancement, or placebo) and the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg, or placebo). Cortical excitability was monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. We found that LTP-like plasticity was abolished or converted into LTD-like plasticity via dopaminergic activation, but reestablished under medium-dose D-cycloserine. These results suggest that diffuse LTP-like plasticity is counteracted upon via D2 receptor-dependent reduction of NMDA receptor activity.
Mapping blood traits to structural organization of the brain in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Cui Yue , Huang Haibin , Gao Jinquan , Jiang Tianzi , Zhang Chen , Yu Shan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hematological and biochemical blood traits have been linked to brain structural characteristics in humans. However, the relationship between these two domains has not been systematically explored in nonhuman primates, which are crucial animal models for understanding the mechanisms of brain function and developing therapeutics for various disorders. Here we investigated the associations between hematological/biochemical parameters and the brain’s gray matter volume and white matter integrity derived from T1-weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in 36 healthy macaques. We found that intersubject variations in basophil count and hemoglobin levels correlated with gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulum, prefrontal cortex, and putamen. Through interactions between these key elements, the blood parameters’ covariation network was linked with that of the brain structures, forming overarching networks connecting blood traits with structural brain features. These networks exhibited hierarchical small-world architecture, indicating highly effective interactions between their constituent elements. In addition, different subnetworks of the brain areas or fiber tracts tended to correlate with unique groups of blood indices, revealing previously unknown brain structural organization. These results provide a quantitative characterization of the interactions between blood parameters and brain structures in macaques and may increase the understanding of the body–brain relationship and the pathogenesis of relevant disorders.
Multidimensional inhibitory signatures of sentential negation in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Díaz-Rivera Mariano N , Birba Agustina , Fittipaldi Sol , Mola Débora , Morera Yurena , de Vega Manuel , Moguilner Sebastian , Lillo Patricia , Slachevsky Andrea , González Campo Cecilia , Ibáñez Agustín , García Adolfo M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Processing of linguistic negation has been associated to inhibitory brain mechanisms. However, no study has tapped this link via multimodal measures in patients with core inhibitory alterations, a critical approach to reveal direct neural correlates and potential disease markers.

Methods
Here we examined oscillatory, neuroanatomical, and functional connectivity signatures of a recently reported Go/No-go negation task in healthy controls and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients, typified by primary and generalized inhibitory disruptions. To test for specificity, we also recruited persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease involving frequent but nonprimary inhibitory deficits.

Results
In controls, negative sentences in the No-go condition distinctly involved frontocentral delta (2–3 Hz) suppression, a canonical inhibitory marker. In bvFTD patients, this modulation was selectively abolished and significantly correlated with the volume and functional connectivity of regions supporting inhibition (e.g. precentral gyrus, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum). Such canonical delta suppression was preserved in the AD group and associated with widespread anatomo-functional patterns across non-inhibitory regions.

Discussion
These findings suggest that negation hinges on the integrity and interaction of spatiotemporal inhibitory mechanisms. Moreover, our results reveal potential neurocognitive markers of bvFTD, opening a new agenda at the crossing of cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology.
Genital Immune Cell Activation and Tenofovir Gel Efficacy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Liebenberg Lenine J P , Passmore Jo Ann S , Osman Farzana , Jewanraj Janine , Mtshali Andile , Gerardo Garcia-Lerma J , Heneine Walid , Holder Angela , Archary Derseree , Ngcapu Sinaye , Sivro Aida , Mansoor Leila E , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S , McKinnon Lyle R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenital inflammation (GI) undermines topical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy through unknown mechanisms. Here, associations between activated endocervical CD4 + T-cell numbers and higher deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentrations suggest that competition for intracellular metabolites within HIV target cells may reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral-based PrEP in women with GI.
Analytical Validation of a Novel 6-Gene Signature for Prediction of Distant Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Loughman Tony , Barron Stephen , Wang Chan-Ju Angel , Dynoodt Peter , Fender Bozena , Lopez-Ruiz Cesar , Stapleton Sharon , Fabre Aurelie , Quinn Cecily , Nodin Bjorn , Jirström Karin , Razmara Fatemeh , O’Grady Anthony , Baird Anne-Marie , Gray Steven G , Freixo Ana , Moelans Cathy B , van Diest Paul J , Duffy Michael J , O’Leary Desmond , Crown John , Bracken Adrian P , Gallagher William M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
OncoMasTR is a recently developed multigene prognostic test for early-stage breast cancer. The test has been developed in a kit-based format for decentralized deployment in molecular pathology laboratories. The analytical performance characteristics of the OncoMasTR test are described in this study.

Methods
Expression levels of 6 genes were measured by 1-step reverse transcription-quantitative PCR on RNA samples prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tumor specimens. Assay precision, reproducibility, input range, and interference were determined using FFPE-derived RNA samples representative of low and high prognostic risk scores. A pooled RNA sample derived from 6 FFPE breast tumor specimens was used to establish the linear range, limit of detection, and amplification efficiency of the individual gene expression assays.

Results
The overall precision of the OncoMasTR test was high with an SD of 0.16, which represents less than 2% of the 10-unit risk score range. Test results were reproducible across 4 testing sites, with correlation coefficients of 0.94 to 0.96 for the continuous risk score and concordance of 86% to 96% in low-/high-risk sample classification. Consistent risk scores were obtained across a &gt; 100-fold RNA input range. Individual gene expression assays were linear up to quantification cycle values of 36.0 to 36.9, with amplification efficiencies of 80% to 102%. Test results were not influenced by agents used during RNA isolation, by low levels of copurified genomic DNA, or by moderate levels of copurified adjacent nontumor tissue.

Conclusion
The OncoMasTR prognostic test displays robust analytical performance that is suitable for deployment by local pathology laboratories for decentralized use.
The role of the Hippo pathway in autophagy in the heart
Authors: Maejima Yasuhiro , Zablocki Daniela , Nah Jihoon , Sadoshima Junichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism, controls organ size and tumourigenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that autophagy, an important mechanism of lysosome-mediated cellular degradation, is regulated by the Hippo pathway, which thereby profoundly affects cell growth and death responses in various cell types. In the heart, Mst1, an upstream component of the Hippo pathway, not only induces apoptosis but also inhibits autophagy through phosphorylation of Beclin 1. YAP/TAZ, transcription factor co-factors and the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, affect autophagy through transcriptional activation of TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The cellular abundance of YAP is negatively regulated by autophagy and suppression of autophagy induces accumulation of YAP, which, in turn, acts as a feedback mechanism to induce autophagosome formation. Thus, the Hippo pathway and autophagy regulate each other, thereby profoundly affecting cardiomyocyte survival and death. This review discusses the interaction between the Hippo pathway and autophagy and its functional significance during stress conditions in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein.
Unveiling the Genetic History of the Maniq, a Primary Hunter-Gatherer Society
Authors: Göllner Tobias , Larena Maximilian , Kutanan Wibhu , Lukas Helmut , Fieder Martin , Schaschl Helmut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Maniq of southern Thailand is one of the last remaining practicing hunter-gatherer communities in the world. However, our knowledge on their genetic origins and demographic history is still largely limited. We present here the genotype data covering ∼2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 unrelated Maniq individuals. Our analyses reveal the Maniq to be closely related to the Semang populations of Malaysia (Malay Negritos), who altogether carry an Andamanese-related ancestry linked to the ancient Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Moreover, the Maniq possess ∼35% East Asian-related ancestry, likely brought about by recent admixture with surrounding agriculturist communities in the region. In addition, the Maniq exhibit one of the highest levels of genetic differentiation found among living human populations, indicative of their small population size and historical practice of endogamy. Similar to other hunter-gatherer populations of MSEA, we also find the Maniq to possess low levels of Neanderthal ancestry and undetectable levels of Denisovan ancestry. Altogether, we reveal the Maniq to be a Semang group that experienced intense genetic drift and exhibits signs of ancient Hòabìnhian ancestry.
The Mw = 6.6 earthquake and tsunami of south Crete on 2020 May 2
Authors: Kalligeris Nikos , Skanavis Vassilios , Melis Nikolaos S , Okal Emile A , Dimitroulia Aggeliki , Charalampakis Marinos , Lynett Patrick J , Synolakis Costas E 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY
On 2020 May 2, an Mw = 6.6 earthquake struck about 63 km south of Ierapetra in Crete, Greece. The earthquake generated a small tsunami which agitated local harbours. We studied this event in the context of earthquakes with seismic records in 1908, 1910, 1923, 1952, 2009 and 2013, all of similar magnitudes located south of Crete. Based on an energy-to-moment ratio, our analysis suggests that this event was neither slow nor fast, hence appropriate for using scaling laws to infer seafloor deformations. We also performed a field survey, three days after the event and present field observations from seven locations, including the island of Chrisi, where our highest measurement of 0.95 m was located. Runup along the coast of southern Crete ranged from 0.24 to 0.87 m. One tide gauge record is available for this event, and we did image analysis to obtain accurately timed water surface elevations from eyewitness videos and images. We undertook high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations using published moment tensor solutions to identify the source of the tsunami. Simulations were performed with two models, MOST (a nonlinear shallow water model) and COULWAVE (a Boussinesq-type model), to infer how different approximations of the parent equations of motion affect predictions for tsunamis of this size, which are fairly common in the Eastern Mediterranean and routinely trigger Tsunami Service Providers to issue warning messages. Based on the inter-model comparison, we conclude that the shallow-water equations are adequate in modelling this event at the distances considered, suggesting that such codes can be used to infer the tsunami source and to estimate tsunami impacts. Last, our field work revealed lack of knowledge of tsunami hazards, as most eyewitnesses remained near the waterfront, filming the associated unusual water motions instead of taking shelter on high ground.
The ILC Articles on State Responsibility in Investment Treaty Arbitration
Authors: Shirlow Esmé , Duggal Kabir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The International Law Commission adopted the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts in 2001, when there had been fewer than 100 recorded investment claims. Since then, there has been a significant rise in the number of investment treaty arbitration cases. This article considers how the ILC Articles have been used by investment treaty tribunals to analyse issues of State responsibility in investment treaty claims. The article summarises key trends concerning the use of the ILC Articles in investment treaty arbitration. It addresses the application of the ILC Articles in investment disputes, the role given to the ILC Articles in determining questions of attribution, the influence of the ILC Articles for the analysis of temporal issues, and the role of the ILC Articles in determining matters of reparation and contributory fault. The article is accompanied by a lengthy case appendix which summarises references by investment treaty tribunals to the ILC Articles from 2010–2020.
Sharp Decay Rate for the Damped Wave Equation With Convex-Shaped Damping
Authors: Sun Chenmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We revisit the damped wave equation on two-dimensional torus where the damped region does not satisfy the geometric control condition. It was shown in [1] that, for sufficiently regular damping, the damped wave equation is stale at a rate sufficiently close to $t^{-1}$. We show that if the damping vanishes like a Hölder function $|x|^{\beta }$, and in addition, the boundary of the damped region is locally strictly convex with positive curvature, the wave is stable at rate $t^{-1+\frac {2}{2\beta +7}}$, which is better than the known optimal decay rate $t^{-1+\frac {1}{\beta +3}}$ for strip-shaped dampings of the same Hölder regularity. Moreover, we show by example that the decay rate is optimal. This illustrates the fact that the sharp energy decay rate depends not only on the order of vanishing of the damping but also on the shape of the damped region. The main ingredient of the proof is the averaging method (normal form reduction) developed by Hitrik and Sjöstrand ([20], [35]).
Human–AI Interactions in Public Sector Decision Making: “Automation Bias” and “Selective Adherence” to Algorithmic Advice
Authors: Alon-Barkat Saar , Busuioc Madalina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly adopted as decisional aides by public bodies, with the promise of overcoming biases of human decision-makers. At the same time, they may introduce new biases in the human–algorithm interaction. Drawing on psychology and public administration literatures, we investigate two key biases: overreliance on algorithmic advice even in the face of “warning signals” from other sources (automation bias), and selective adoption of algorithmic advice when this corresponds to stereotypes (selective adherence). We assess these via three experimental studies conducted in the Netherlands: In study 1 (N = 605), we test automation bias by exploring participants’ adherence to an algorithmic prediction compared to an equivalent human-expert prediction. We do not find evidence for automation bias. In study 2 (N = 904), we replicate these findings, and also test selective adherence. We find a stronger propensity for adherence when the advice is aligned with group stereotypes, with no significant differences between algorithmic and human-expert advice. In study 3 (N = 1,345), we replicate our design with a sample of civil servants. This study was conducted shortly after a major scandal involving public authorities’ reliance on an algorithm with discriminatory outcomes (the “childcare benefits scandal”). The scandal is itself illustrative of our theory and patterns diagnosed empirically in our experiment, yet in our study 3, while supporting our prior findings as to automation bias, we do not find patterns of selective adherence. We suggest this is driven by bureaucrats’ enhanced awareness of discrimination and algorithmic biases in the aftermath of the scandal. We discuss the implications of our findings for public sector decision making in the age of automation. Overall, our study speaks to potential negative effects of automation of the administrative state for already vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens.
Treatment for Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain: An Initial Examination of Reciprocal Associations Between Pain, Functional Impairment, and Parental Distress
Authors: Calvano Claudia , Warschburger Petra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
While cross-sectional studies underline that child and parent factors in pediatric chronic pain are reciprocally related, so far, little is known on their prospective relationship, especially in treatment contexts. This study aims to analyze directions of influence between child and parental outcomes using data from an intervention study.

Methods
The sample covered 109 families with children aged 7–13 years diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Child outcomes included pain and impairment, and parental outcomes covered caregiver-specific distress including both parental personal time burden (i.e., less time available for personal needs) and emotional burden due to child’s pain (i.e., increased worries). Cross-lagged panel analyses examined the directions of the relations between child and parental outcomes across time (pretreatment T1, post-treatment T2, and 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up T3/T4).

Results
First, a significant improvement over time in all measures was observed. Cross-lagged effects were found for less parental personal time burden at T2, predicting both less pain (β = −0.254, p = .004) and less impairment (β = −0.150, p = .039) at T3. Higher baseline pain was predictive for higher parental emotional burden after treatment (β = −0.130, p = .049) and, reversely, for less emotional burden at 12-month follow-up (β = 0.261, p = .004).

Conclusions
Addressing parental personal time burden in FAP treatment might possibly support the improvement on the child level. Replication of results in larger samples is warranted to gain more insight into the directions of influence and, in that way, to optimize treatment for pediatric FAP.
Mother– and Father–Child Reminiscing About Past Events Involving Pain, Fear, and Sadness: Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Pavlova Maria , Mueri Kendra , Peterson, PhD Carole , Graham, PhD Susan A , Noel, PhD Melanie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Pain in childhood is prevalent and is associated with fear, particularly in the context of injuries or procedural pain, and negative emotions (e.g., sadness). Pain and fear share a bidirectional relationship, wherein fear exacerbates the experience of pain and pain increases subsequent anticipatory fear. The existing research has focused primarily on children’s immediate experience of pain and fear. Research on how children remember or talk about past painful, fearful, or sad events is lacking. Parent–child reminiscing about past pain has been demonstrated to differ from reminiscing about other past negative emotional events (i.e., those involving sadness, but not fear). The present study aimed to examine differences in how parent–child dyads reminisce about past pain, fear, and sadness.

Methods
One hundred and three 4-year-old children (55% girls) and their parents (52% fathers) engaged in a narrative elicitation task in which they reminisced about unique past events involving pain, fear, and sadness. Parent–child narratives were coded using established coding schemes based on the developmental psychology literature.

Results
Parent–child narratives about pain were characterized by fewer emotion-laden words and explanations, as well as more pain-related words compared to sadness or fearful narratives. Mothers and fathers reminisced with sons and daughters in a similar way across all types of events.

Conclusions
Parent–children reminiscing about past painful events differs from reminiscing about other types of distressing events (e.g., involving sadness or fear). This highlights a possibility of differential socialization of pain versus fear. Potential clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
A legume-specific novel type of phytosulfokine, PSK-δ, promotes nodulation by enhancing nodule organogenesis
Authors: Yu Liangliang , Di Qi , Zhang Danping , Liu Yumin , Li Xiaolin , Mysore Kirankumar S , Wen Jiangqi , Yan Junhui , Luo Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phytosulfokine-α (PSK-α), a tyrosine-sulfated pentapeptide with the sequence YSO3IYSO3TQ, is widely distributed across the plant kingdom and plays multiple roles in plant growth, development, and immune response. Here, we report a novel type of phytosulfokine, PSK-δ, and its precursor proteins (MtPSKδ, LjPSKδ, and GmPSKδ1), specifically from legume species. The sequence YSO3IYSO3TN of sulfated PSK-δ peptide is different from PSK-α at the last amino acid. Expression pattern analysis revealed PSK-δ-encoding precursor genes to be expressed primarily in legume root nodules. Specifically, in Medicago truncatula, MtPSKδ expression was detected in root cortical cells undergoing nodule organogenesis, in nodule primordia and young nodules, and in the apical region of mature nodules. Accumulation of sulfated PSK-δ peptide in M. truncatula nodules was detected by LC/MS. Application of synthetic PSK-δ peptide significantly increased nodule number in legumes. Similarly, overexpression of MtPSKδ in transgenic M. truncatula markedly promoted symbiotic nodulation. This increase in nodule number was attributed to enhanced nodule organogenesis induced by PSK-δ. Additional genetic evidence from the MtPSKδ mutant and RNA interference assays suggested that the PSK-δ and PSK-α peptides function redundantly in regulating nodule organogenesis. These results suggest that PSK-δ, a legume-specific novel type of phytosulfokine, promotes symbiotic nodulation by enhancing nodule organogenesis.