bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apically extruded debris of different file systems used with various kinematic movements during retreatment: An in vitro study
Authors: Koşar Tuğba , Çelik Davut , Taşdemir Tamer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the amount of apically extruded debris and time during retreatment with five current file systems, which exhibit various kinematic movements. One hundred upper central incisors were shaped with manual files and filled using the thermoplastic injection method. The root canal fillings in each group (n = 20) were removed using the Genius (GN), ProTaper Next (PTN), Reciproc (RCP) Blue, Tango‐Endo (TE) and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) file systems. The apically extruded debris was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes. Time to reach working length and total time were also recorded. The PTN, RCP Blue and TFA instruments caused significantly less apically extruded debris and shorter total retreatment time than the GN and TE file systems (p < 0.05). The time to reach the working length was the shortest in the PTN group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). All file systems extruded debris while removing the root canal filling.
“It is Kind of Rough Out Here”: The Hard Work of Mobility
Authors: Di Nunzio Marco 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
In this story, I trace how the compulsion to work has shaped the lives of Elias and Biruk, two men who left their home country, Ethiopia, and now live in the US. Despite working hard at multiple jobs, work was not something they celebrated. Working hard was the embodiment of their precarity, simply the main currency in their lives of mobility. Were Biruk and Elias refugees? Undocumented migrants? Alien residents? What they told me about their lives over the phone did not help me understand their status in the US. Face to face, I had a chance to ask them a straightforward question, but Biruk and Elias did not reply by saying: “I am this, not that.” Their status would be stable and definable only when they got a paper recognizing they had a right to be in the US. Before that all‐important scrap of paper, they were in a state of constant becoming. All they could do in the meantime was work and work. Because “if you do not work, what the hell are you in the USA for?” Elias said.
What changes during specialized foster care? A study on adaptive functioning and emotional and social problems
Authors: Åkerman Anna‐Karin E. , Holmqvist Rolf , Falkenström Fredrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVarious models of specialized foster care have been developed, but research on them is limited. This longitudinal, exploratory study analysed data on adaptive functioning, emotional and social problems and self‐concept in a specialized foster care service in Sweden. The focus of the study was on the development of the children and young people in placement. The Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS‐II) was used to measure adaptive functioning, and the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (BYI) was used to measure self‐rated emotional and social problems and self‐concept. Self‐ratings showed significant improvements in disruptive behaviour, anger, anxiety and depression. Adaptive functioning as rated by foster parents improved but not enough to catch up with the non‐clinical norm group. The average adaptive functioning among the participants at baseline was considerably below the Swedish norm group. Similar to the results of a previous study of the same treatment model, children and young people rated improvement while their foster parents did not do so to the same extent. Possible explanations for this are discussed in the paper. The study is limited by the lack of a control group and by data attrition.
Decision Boundary Visualization for Counterfactual Reasoning
Authors: Sohns Jan‐Tobias , Garth Christoph , Leitte Heike 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMachine learning algorithms are widely applied to create powerful prediction models. With increasingly complex models, humans' ability to understand the decision function (that maps from a high‐dimensional input space) is quickly exceeded. To explain a model's decisions, black‐box methods have been proposed that provide either non‐linear maps of the global topology of the decision boundary, or samples that allow approximating it locally. The former loses information about distances in input space, while the latter only provides statements about given samples, but lacks a focus on the underlying model for precise ‘What‐If'‐reasoning. In this paper, we integrate both approaches and propose an interactive exploration method using local linear maps of the decision space. We create the maps on high‐dimensional hyperplanes—2D‐slices of the high‐dimensional parameter space—based on statistical and personal feature mutability and guided by feature importance. We complement the proposed workflow with established model inspection techniques to provide orientation and guidance. We demonstrate our approach on real‐world datasets and illustrate that it allows identification of instance‐based decision boundary structures and can answer multi‐dimensional ‘What‐If'‐questions, thereby identifying counterfactual scenarios visually.
Long‐term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular function in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Demirci Duygu Ersan , Demirci Deniz , İnci Ayça 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of heart failure and mortality in end‐stage renal disease patients. Scarce data is available regarding the comparison of echocardiographic right ventricular function in end‐stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the long‐term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular function assessed by conventional echocardiography, in end‐stage renal disease patients with preserved left ventricular function.MethodsThe study included 120 patients grouped as follows: PD (n = 40), HD with arterio‐venous fistula (n= 40), and healthy control subjects (n = 40). Conventional echocardiography was performed on all patients. A classification of right ventricular function was defined in HD patients by using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV‐MPI), fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid lateral annulus systolic velocity (Sa) values. Correlation analysis was performed by using the right ventricular dysfunction score, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 51.9 ± 13.1 years and 47.5% were females. TAPSE and Sa velocity were found to be significantly lower and RV‐MPI was significantly higher in patients undergoing HD, compared with control and PD patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that HD treatment was an independent risk factor for developing right ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionRV function was impaired in patients undergoing HD compared with patients on PD.
Whole‐genome resequencing reveals signature of local adaptation and divergence in wild soybean
Authors: Wang Jiao , Hu Zhenbin , Liao Xiliang , Wang Zhiyu , Li Wei , Zhang Peipei , Cheng Hao , Wang Qing , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Wang Hui , Liu Biao , Zhang Hengyou , Huang Fang , Yu Deyue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change has threatened world crop production and food security. Decoding the adaptive genetic basis of wild relatives provides an invaluable genomic resource for climate‐smart crop breedinG. Here, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of 185 diverse wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions collected from three major agro‐ecological zones in China to parse the genomic basis of local adaptation in wild soybean. The population genomic diversity pattern exhibited clear agro‐ecological zone‐based population structure, and multiple environmental factors were observed to contribute to the genetic divergence. Demographic analysis shows that wild soybeans from the three ecological zones diverged about 1 × 105 years ago, and then the effective population sizes have undergone different degrees of expansions. Genome‐environment association identified multiple genes involved in the local adaptation, such as flowering time and temperature‐related genes. A locus containing two adjacent MADS‐box transcription factors on chromosome 19 was identified for multiple environmental factors, and it experienced positive selection that enables the adaptation to high‐latitude environment. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism of ecological adaptation in wild soybean that may facilitate climate‐resilient soybean breeding.
An updated systematic review of HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis treatment strategies
Authors: Shapiro Adrienne E. , Tenforde Mark W. , Chiller Tom M. , Ford Nathan , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review is to provide updated evidence on the preferred induction therapy for the treatment of HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis considering the most recent evidence available in order to inform the need for updates to WHO guidelines.MethodsWe searched Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov for published or completed randomized clinical trials that evaluated induction treatment of first episode HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis from 9 July 2018 (date of last search) to 1 September 2021.ResultsOne randomized clinical trial of 844 people with HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis met the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomized to: (1) amphotericin deoxycholate for 7 days, with flucytosine and fluconazole (control); or (2) a single dose of liposomal amphotericin 10 mg/kg with flucytosine and fluconazole (intervention).In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, 10‐week mortality was 24.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.7–29.3%] in the single‐dose liposomal amphotericin group compared with 28.7% (95% CI: 24.4–33.4%) in the control group. The absolute difference in 10‐week mortality was −3.9% with an upper one‐sided 95% CI of 1.2%, within the 10% pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin. Fewer participants had grade 3 and 4 adverse events in the intervention arm compared with the control arm (50.0% vs. 62.3%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the single study included in this systematic review, single high‐dose liposomal amphotericin B with flucytosine and fluconazole was non‐inferior to the WHO‐recommended standard of care induction therapy for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis, with significantly fewer adverse events.
La segregación ocupacional de mujeres y hombres inmigrantes en Europa desde una perspectiva comparada entre países
Authors: PALENCIA‐ESTEBAN Amaia 
Published: September 2022

ResumenEn este artículo se analiza la segregación ocupacional por género y por condición de inmigrante en Europa según la Encuesta de Población Activa de 2005–2019. A diferencia de estudios anteriores, la segregación se cuantifica por separado para mujeres y hombres inmigrantes en cada país. Globalmente es menor para los hombres que para las mujeres y la segunda generación está menos segregada que la primera. Suele ser menor en el noroeste de Europa y mayor en el sudeste. Según el análisis contrafactual, las características individuales explican una pequeña parte de estas diferencias geográficas. La estructura institucional, las políticas de integración y las normas de cada país podrían ser determinantes.
Holistic face processing in 4‐ and 7‐month‐old infants
Authors: Kavšek Michael , Heil Martin , Granrud Carl E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies found an onset of holistic face processing in the age range between 0–4 and 7 months of age. To validate these studies, the present study investigated infants 4 and 7 months of age with a different experimental approach. In a habituation‐dishabituation experiment, the infants were tested with stereoscopic stimuli in which stripes floated above a face, thereby occluding some parts of the face (amodal completion condition), and stereoscopic stimuli in which the same face parts floated above stripes (modal completion condition). Research with adults indicates that faces are processed holistically, that is as global wholes, in the amodal, but as independent parts in the modal completion condition, resulting in superior face recognition when the occluding bars are in front of than when they are behind the visible face parts. The present study found that infants regardless of whether they are 4 or 7 months old reliably recognized and differentiated the faces in the amodal but not in the modal completion condition. Moreover, the difference between the experimental conditions was statistically significant. These findings show that approximately at the age of 4–7 months of life, infants begin to holistically unify disjoint face parts into a coherent whole.
Psychiatry and/or recovery: a critical analysis
Authors: Crowe Marie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis perspective paper aims to present a personal viewpoint on the impact of psychiatric discourse on the principles of recovery in mental health care. Mental health services espouse these principles, yet psychiatric discourse remains the dominant model. A critical analysis will examine how psychiatry maintains this dominance. The aim is to examine how psychiatric discourse constructs both the nature of mental distress and its treatment, and how it maintains its power as the dominant authority and its relationship to recovery principles. The paper concludes that psychiatric discourse is the antithesis of recovery principles and that its authority is perpetuated through co‐opting a medical explanatory model, claiming expertise in the ability to predict social risk, and maintaining a tightly controlled echo chamber. A way forward involves the dismantling of the hierarchical service delivery model based on psychiatric discourse and replacing it with a more horizontal service delivery model in which the lived experience of mental distress is central. Regular audit of services needs to prioritize recovery principles. The implications for mental health nursing are considered.
RESCUE: A geomorphology‐based, hydrologic‐hydraulic model for large‐scale inundation mapping
Authors: Pavesi Luciano , D'Angelo Claudia , Volpi Elena , Fiori Aldo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlood mapping is a key stage for detecting vulnerable areas, assessing floods impacts, identifying damages, and mitigation plans. Despite of the available guidelines for flood mapping following EU Floods Directive, coherent and comprehensive official flood hazard maps at the national scale are still missing, at least in the EU. In fact, flood mapping generally requires high economical and computational costs for setup/calibration of hydrological/hydraulic models, leading to partial and fragmented vulnerable areas. Here, we propose RESCUE, a laRgE SCale inUndation modEl; the scope is providing a simple and inexpensive tool for flood mapping at the regional scale, overcoming the current fragmentation. RESCUE takes advantage from coupling geomorphological analysis and simplified hydrologic‐hydraulic modeling, providing simple and reliable large scales inundation estimates. It is as parsimonious as purely DTM‐based methods and physically based as any hydrodynamic model, yet computationally more efficient. The model allows for parametric uncertainty analysis for a probabilistic assessment of inundation areas. We demonstrate RESCUE potentialities and limitations using two illustrative examples: Paglia‐Chiani River system, and Central Apennines District (Central Italy). Notwithstanding the inaccuracies of large scale DTMs and the missed representation of flood‐structure interactions, results are promising, suggesting that RESCUE might be an effective tool for preliminary hazard assessment.
Cryo‐electron microscopy structure of the intact photosynthetic light‐harvesting antenna‐reaction center complex from a green sulfur bacterium
Authors: Chen Jing‐Hua , Wang Weiwei , Wang Chen , Kuang Tingyun , Shen Jian‐Ren , Zhang Xing 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe photosynthetic reaction center complex (RCC) of green sulfur bacteria (GSB) consists of the membrane‐imbedded RC core and the peripheric energy transmitting proteins called Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO). Functionally, FMO transfers the absorbed energy from a huge peripheral light‐harvesting antenna named chlorosome to the RC core where charge separation occurs. In vivo, one RC was found to bind two FMOs, however, the intact structure of RCC as well as the energy transfer mechanism within RCC remain to be clarified. Here we report a structure of intact RCC which contains a RC core and two FMO trimers from a thermophilic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum at 2.9 Å resolution by cryo‐electron microscopy. The second FMO trimer is attached at the cytoplasmic side asymmetrically relative to the first FMO trimer reported previously. We also observed two new subunits (PscE and PscF) and the N‐terminal transmembrane domain of a cytochrome‐containing subunit (PscC) in the structure. These two novel subunits possibly function to facilitate the binding of FMOs to RC core and to stabilize the whole complex. A new bacteriochlorophyll (numbered as 816) was identified at the interspace between PscF and PscA‐1, causing an asymmetrical energy transfer from the two FMO trimers to RC core. Based on the structure, we propose an energy transfer network within this photosynthetic apparatus.
Using the hedonic thresholds methodology and affective sensory methods to develop beet‐flavored smoothie yogurt
Authors: Moraes Silvana Medeiros , Louzada Camila Affonso , Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to develop a beet‐flavored smoothie yogurt by applying methodologies such as the hedonic thresholds, acceptance and purchase intent tests, and by studying the effect of information on consumer evaluation of the product, in order to establish the maximum concentration of beet to be added to the smoothie yogurt. We also studied its proximal composition and shelf life. To determine the compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) and hedonic rejection threshold (HRT), consumers were divided into “like beet” (LB) and “do not like beet” (NLB). CAT = 6.71% and HRT = 20.14% beet addition were found for LB, and CAT = 7.15% and HRT = 10.27% for NLB. The smoothie yogurt with 6.71% beet was chosen as the final formulation. It presented more crude fiber and carbohydrates, and less protein than 0% beet smoothie yogurt (p ≤ .05). It reached 40 days of storage and flavor, and the overall impression had higher acceptance at this storage time. The information about beet smoothie yogurt had a positive influence on the acceptance and purchase intent.Practical ApplicationsThe forms of industrialization of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. esculenta var. rubra) are scarce, hindering its consumption and the use of the production surplus. In this work, we applied methodologies such as the hedonic thresholds, acceptance and purchase intent tests, among others, and it was possible to develop a beet‐flavored smoothie yogurt. Including beet as an ingredient is considered interesting because of its functional properties and colorant capacity. Although beet might divide opinions for its flavor and acceptance, this article shows that it can be used differently and is a potential ingredient in smoothie yogurt production, which implies greater use of such vegetables in industry.
Predictive factors for flea occurrence in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from semi‐arid Mediterranean environments
Authors: Perez Roberto , Pérez‐Cutillas Pedro , Gonzálvez Moisés , Muñoz‐Hernández Clara , Arcenillas‐Hernández Irene , de Ruiz de Ybáñez Rocío , Escribano Fernando , Martínez‐Carrasco Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of red fox as host for a wide range of parasites, particularly fleas and other arthropods causing vector‐borne diseases, in combination with its capability to adapt to anthropized environments, makes this wild canid an epidemiologically remarkable species at the wildlife–domestic–human interface, especially in the present time of rise of emerging and re‐emerging diseases. This study evaluated the prevalence and parasite intensity of fleas in 88 foxes from Murcia Region (Southeastern Spain) and determined the geographic distribution of areas with the highest potential risk of flea presence. Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Spilopsyllus cuniculi and Nosopsyllus fasciatus were identified. The overall prevalence was 76.13%. This is the first time that N. fasciatus has been reported in foxes from Murcia Region. The predictive model established a certain pattern to determine the areas with the highest risk of acquiring fleas. Positive correlation of daily potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in winter and the opposite effect occurring for ET0 in summer were obtained, as well as positive correlations for mean daily temperature (Tmean) in summer and mean precipitation (Pmean) in winter and summer. The model was also found positively correlated in the forest habitat ecotone areas and the anthropized areas.
An innovative clinic model for student learning
Authors: Chakyayil Shaleen , Rogers Margot , Demers Lindsay B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmbulatory rotations are a key part of medical student education, but there are few educational initiatives aimed to improve student experience.ApproachThis initiative implemented a new model for an urgent care clinic, based on Erickson's framework for learning, designed to provide students with more autonomy, and more time for teaching, discussion, feedback and patient encounters. Participants were fourth year medical students in their ambulatory rotation who were randomly assigned to participate in the urgent care clinic. Students were asked to respond to a survey at the end of the rotation.EvaluationA total of 59 fourth‐year medical students participated in the ambulatory care rotation, of which 40 students responded to the survey. Students who participated in the urgent care clinic reported more autonomy, feedback, learning and time to see patients. They were happier overall with their experience and felt more prepared for their intern year of residency.ImplicationsOur intervention was able to achieve our goals of improving student satisfaction in their ambulatory experience at our institution. This model could be used to design a more effective teaching experience for medical students in other rotations at our institution, as well as at other institutions.
La Relación Intercultural entre Culturas Jurídicas y la Democratización de la Justicia. El Caso de la Coordinación de Derechos Humanos de la Suprema Corte Mexicana
Authors: Bárcena Arévalo Erika 
Published: September 2022

En este artículo revisaré el surgimiento y contexto de actuación de la Coordinación de Derechos Humanos y Asesoría de la Presidencia en la Suprema Corte mexicana, para analizar cómo contribuyó a generar procesos interculturalidad jurídica, es decir, de relación entre distintas culturas jurídicas, lo que redundó en una democratización del conocimiento jurídico y de la justicia misma en la medida en que contribuyó a la apertura de muchas personas juzgadoras para aplicar el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, vigente en el país a partir de 2011. La conclusión principal es que estos procesos de interculturalidad jurídica, si bien existen dado que lo intercultural es constitutivo de la cultura, como señala Gilberto Giménez, pueden ser encausados por agentes posicionados estratégicamente de tal manera que contribuyan a la democratización del derecho y del acceso a la justicia, en la medida en que visibilizan y valorizan la existencia de otras culturas jurídicas y sus comprensiones vernáculas del derecho. Este trabajo es producto de una investigación etnográfica realizada entre 2014 y 2015 en la Suprema Corte.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Cultura jurídica; interculturalidad jurídica; CoDHAP; SCJN; derechos humanos en México.