bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Vanita Ruth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion discusses the philosophical concepts of sameness and non-difference as the basis for a type of ethics and justice that inherently includes animals, in contrast to Western philosophical ideas (Christian, Cartesian, and Kantian) of justice and equity that are based on the assumption of human superiority. This chapter also summarizes the epics’ approaches to debate and to ways of thinking.
Pan-Islamism and Ottoman Imperialism
Authors: Murray-Miller Gavin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Controlling and instrumentalizing migratory flows was one means of exercising imperium that proved beneficial to European powers. This did not imply, however, that the Ottoman Empire was completely held hostage to external influences. Like its European counterparts, the Ottoman government found means of turning migration and trans-imperial networks to its advantage. Appeals to Pan-Islamic solidarity were part of an informal policy designed to influence Muslims outside the empire and use religious loyalties as a tool to exert diplomatic pressures on European governments. It also abetted processes of Ottoman empire-building at home and abroad as the Porte employed religious networks in Africa and the Near East to advance its power. Ottoman Pan-Islamism did not emerge ex nihilo, as this chapter indicates. It evolved out of existing movements taking shape across Muslim societies. As European imperialism threatened to obliterate dar al-Islam and swallow up independent Muslim states, activists from North Africa to India responded with calls for a united Islamic front, insisting unity would empower Muslims and provide the motor for Islamic renewal. The Ottoman government exploited these sentiments as it attempted to use trans-imperial networks and Muslim loyalties to meet pressing security concerns and expand its global influence. It channeled popular feelings for Muslim unity into an Ottoman-centric policy and used anti-imperial movements to pursue its own imperialist goals.
Paris, a Trans-Imperial Metropole
Authors: Murray-Miller Gavin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Moving from North Africa to Paris, Chapter 4 examines how Egyptian and Ottoman exilic communities transformed the French metropolitan capital into a center of trans-imperial political activism. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Paris boasted a lively exilic press. Activists brought foreign politics into the salons hosted by Parisian elites; they organized protest movements and built support networks among influential French writers and officials. While histories of Egyptian and Ottoman political displacements in the period have customarily been narrated through nationalist paradigms detailing how groups like the Young Turks and Egyptian nationalists built up and sustained causes abroad, examining these movements in a trans-imperial perspective reveals a different picture. Exiles communicated with multiple audiences as they pursued their respective reform movements. They responded to events back home while also packaging their ideas for European liberals. In courting European public opinion, exiles were compelled to respond to European colonialism and the geopolitical realities of the day. They forged synergistic relationships with colonial reforms in France and worked alongside French colonial subjects residing in the city. This complex social and intellectual milieu had an important impact on exilic movements operating within Paris at the time and would influence views on foreign politics, imperialism, and prevailing currents of Islamic modernism emanating from the fin-de-siècle eastern Mediterranean.
Conclusion
Authors: Murray-Miller Gavin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The conclusion opens with the centenary celebrations that took place in Algeria in 1930. This milestone marked the culmination in the development of the “French North Africa” imperial imaginary. In retracing the main themes and arguments of the book, the conclusion also looks ahead, noting how trans-imperial connections and anti-colonial nationalism have impacted North Africa and the Middle East today. It draws attention to the battles over faith, space, and identity that have roiled Muslim societies in the post-colonial period. The current European-Mediterranean Partnership is also discussed, revealing that Europe continues to have an enduring relationship with the southern Mediterranean that has brought into existence ambiguous transnational administrative structures that constantly problematize national borders and concepts of national sovereignty. These phenomena and arrangements are the afterlife of European imperialism and have created an interconnected Mediterranean region in the twenty-first century.
The Aesthetic of the Anaesthetic
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of the ‘aesthetic of the anaesthetic’—a refusal to explicitly voice or stage physical suffering that anaesthetises the witness’s awareness of that pain—theorised through Samuel Beckett’s Endgame (1957) and Pablo Picasso’s Le Désir attrapé par la queue (Desire Caught by the Tail, 1944) and Les Quatre petites filles (The Four Little Girls, 1949). This chapter examines how, by refusing any clear expression of physical pain to spectators, these three plays negotiate the postwar epistemological and ethical anxieties regarding art’s capacity to engage with an unthinkable degree of suffering. Following his brother Frank Beckett’s death, Beckett erases most explicit verbal or visual articulations of pain from Endgame, yet leaves an unsettling undercurrent of veiled suffering. Picasso’s plays achieve a comparable effect by counterpointed dramatic means; superficially closer in scope to the bloody théâtre de la cruauté-inspired plays of the 1940s and 1950s, and seemingly at odds with Theodor Adorno’s ideal of postwar art which avoids the appropriative gesture of purported comprehension, Le Désir attrapé and Les Quatre petites filles in fact foster a similar sense of pain’s incomprehensibility, destabilising the linguistic grounds for pain’s expression. In refusing any clear articulation of physical pain, these plays establish an epistemological rift between sufferer and witness to suffering. We are left with a discomfiting intimation of pain throughout the scenes we witness, but denied the possibility of drawing any deeper redemptive ‘meaning’.
Why Did Wales Stay in the Union in the Early Twentieth Century?
Authors: Jackson Alvin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wales embraced devolution in 1997 with the least passion of any of the polities of the United Kingdom and has subsequently enjoyed the most restrained of the three devolution settlements. Of all the questions relating to the evolving constitution and reform of the United Kingdom, the continuing survival of the Welsh union is surely one of the most intriguing and important. And yet Wales, its union and unionism, are generally taken for granted in a modern historiography which has focused (not unlike its Scottish counterpart) on labour and nationalism. Focusing on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this chapter addresses the longevity of union, the relative success of unionism, and the constraints on Welsh nationalism. Emphasizing the comparisons with the Scottish and Irish unions (and indeed with wider union settlements), the chapter seeks to build upon, and advance beyond, Jackson’s earlier study, The Two Unions: Ireland, Scotland and the Survival of the United Kingdom (OUP, 2012).
A Non-Eurocentric Genealogy of Indian Democracy
Authors: Banerjee Milinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a non-Eurocentric history of democracy by studying the communities who traditionally pursued shifting cultivation in the hilly landscape of Tripura and are classified today as Scheduled Tribes. In precolonial Tripura, power was never monopolized by the monarch or a narrow nobility. Large military and administrative circles, and the wider populace, regularly intervened in high politics, constructing a ‘polycracy’. Tripura’s state chronicle Rajmala portrayed ‘the people’ in regular deliberation and revolutionary action, including in selecting and deposing rulers. The kingship and the polycracy interacted to give birth to modern constitutionalism in interwar Tripura, followed in the late 1940s by a Tripuri left-democratic revolution. Tripuri polycracy conversed with modern Western socialism to nourish an indigenous democratic tradition of popular politics that shapes the region until today. Tripura thus exemplifies how Indian democracy has been shaped as much by precolonial-origin collective politics and political thinking, as by modern Western constitutionalism and parliamentarianism.
Ethnocracy in Deeply Divided Societies
Authors: Haokip Thongkholal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the dynamics of ethnopolitics in Manipur, particularly how the state falls into the ‘ethnocracy trap’ and thus perpetuate ethnocratic regimes. Rather than looking into the demand for internal autonomy within the sub-national state by minority groups, the ethnocratic state has been trying to achieve instrumental ends. The denial of ‘delimitation’ of assembly constituencies and the Sixth Schedule demand in the state has sharpened divisions and widen the hill-valley divide. The future of the state depends on how ethnic aspirations are negotiated and accommodated and the management of diversity.
Like the Fish Follows the Python
Authors: Moon-Little Edward 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow does one unpack the Meitei idiom: lairen matung nga inba (like the fish follows the python)? Through ethnography, this chapter explores exchanges in python talk and python parts amongst activists and believers, which I term revivalists, who seek to transform the political and religious culture of Manipur. ‘Like the fish follows the python’ was both a testament to the charisma of pythons and an idiom of popular politics amongst my revivalist interlocutors. It also examines the historical relations between pythons and sovereignty in Manipur, a connection still referenced in contemporary politics, as I go on to demonstrate. Lastly, I ask what this Meitei idiom can do to help de-centre European theories of charisma and sovereignty, with a discussion on Max Weber, Jacques Derrida, and James Frazer.
Prophecy as Politics
Authors: Khamrang Leishipem , Wouters Jelle J.P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Naga struggle for sovereignty, which began in the 1950s, and the Indian state’s response to it, has now been analysed and theorized from multiple angles, frames, and narratives, and so with varying degrees of success and failure. In this chapter, we draw attention to the make-up and workings of the cosmos in relation to the Naga uprising. In so doing, we engage a locally omnipresent but under-theorized understanding of the Naga struggle, which is that of a salvific movement spurred by a millenarian prophecy of an imminent, radical spiritual, and societal transformation after which the world will be reconstituted as Christian and Nagaland/Nagalim emerge as an independent, sovereign country. Drawing on our variously mediated experience, we point towards (1) the centrality of proclamations and experiences of ‘chosenness’ and ‘covenant’ in the conviction of commitment of the Naga rebel vanguard and many of their followers, and (2) the failure of most political analyses of recognizing the Indo-Naga conflict as also an ontological conflict, including taking seriously, as most Nagas do, the notion of God as its primary political agent. This leads us to argue that the lived experiences and persuasions of chosenness, covenant, and prophecy, and their political potency, are indicative of a blind spot in the political theory and analysis of the Naga Movement (and political conflict more widely). That is how can we engage the nonhuman and prophetic revelations as sites of political agency, and what are the implications of doing so for our theorizing and understanding of Naga revolutionary philosophy and praxis?
The Body of the Land
Authors: Wahlang Maranatha G.T. , Karlsson Bengt G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat is the position of women in Khasi society? Does the institution of matrilineal kinship offer women any advantages? We pose these questions in relation to the controversial Lineage Amendment Bill (LAB), 2018, passed by the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council, holding that women that marry non-Khasis will lose their rights and full membership in the community. The bill has been heavily criticized, especially by younger women who assert their right to freely choose whom to marry. Those in favour of the bill present it as a defence of indigenous lands, yet, as we suggest, it has more to do with resource extraction. In this chapter, we point to how matrilineal descent, land ownership, environmental stewardship, and indigenous sovereignty are intertwined. As we suggest, through the refusal to partake in mining, indigenous sovereignty becomes something quite different from the dominant ethno-nationalist assertion where self-determination has been reduced to the right to freely exploit the natural resources of the claimed homeland. Matriliny is a critical feature of this alternative imaginary, building on ongoing relations to and care for the ancestral lands passed on by generations of women.
In Search of the ‘Enemy’
Authors: Nag Sajal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that in the postcolonial politics in tribal Northeast India there have been two targets of mean politics: ethnic outsiders and internal women. Outsiders have been regularly portrayed as invaders, trespassers, foreign nationals, exploiters, immigrants, absorbers, polluters, disturbers, conspirators, and so on and have been at the receiving end of recurrent bouts of ethnic violence. Violence has also been witnessed on the issue of the participation of women in politics. In Northeastern societies, women were sought to dispossess and deprived of their rights to property and assets by citing traditions and customs and even their attempt to enter politics has been thwarted by men, resulting in upheavals. It is a strange transitional society where the migrants were seen as the outside enemy, the women were seen as the enemy within.
Learning abroad, working at ‘home’
Authors: Raina Dhruv , Jodhka Surinder S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Programme (CSFP) has been a prestigious institution rewarding academic merit and promoting higher education and research among students and teachers from the British Commonwealth. This chapter explores the career trajectories of Commonwealth awardees on their return to their institutions in India by framing the investigation against the backdrop of the differentiated and stratified structure of higher education in modern India. The cases of the CSFP awardees discussed are from the natural sciences and medicine alone and the many worlds within which the sciences are pursued. These worlds are separated by a differential distribution of resources, opportunities, and recognition. Most importantly, a consequence of this differentiation is that several of the awardees proceeding from or returning to state-level institutions experience processes of reverse acculturation. The chapter explores the impact of travelling abroad and reverse acculturation on individual career trajectories and the institutions to which awardees return.
The challenge of mastering one’s own future—Students’ negotiations of mobility in Meghalaya, Northeast India
Authors: Renschler Katrin , Gerharz Eva 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using the narratives of students enrolled at the North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) in Meghalaya, this article reveals different forms of mobility at work. It shows how spatial and social movements intersect and how they shape the constitution of individual future plans. We demonstrate how students navigate the social spaces of the university and analyse how they renegotiate social relations. Particularly, we explore the ways in which students relate to people located in different places and how they construct translocal social spaces. These spaces are constituted by (im)mobile practices and also through confrontations with ethnic and religious differences. At university, students experience new sources of inspiration and the need to reposition themselves in relation to the different social and spatial constellations with which they engage. Furthermore, we show how the students develop aspirations of their own futures, in accordance with their present world, and the one they anticipate to come.
Deserted university campuses, social mobilization, and identity politics in Nepal
Authors: Faye Reidun , Kölbel Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
While the proliferation of university education in South Asia has raised expectations for a prosperous and socially just future, universities have failed on several counts. Low quality of educational provisions in combination with persisting political instabilities and a shortage of salaried jobs have placed educated young people in a situation described by some scholars as a ‘crisis of youth’. The analysis presented in this chapter draws on research conducted with university students from socially marginalized backgrounds in Kathmandu between 2010 and 2014. Faced with a malfunctioning university system, many young Nepalis committed much time and effort to youth organizations where they could learn new skills and develop their professional networks. The lack of students’ attendance in class, however, raises important questions about the extent to which increased levels of participation in higher education can help to promote social cohesion. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the linkages between university education, social mobilization, and identity politics in Nepal.
Integration
Authors: Dawson C. Bryan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
“Integration” covers the basics of definite and indefinite integrals. Beginning with the first section, an option given for most antiderivative exercises is to state that the available rules and formulas are insufficient to find an antiderivative. This option helps prevent bad habits that stem from the assumption that every problem can be worked. The idea of estimating areas using finite sums is extended to omega sums, which use infinitely many rectangles and right-hand endpoints. The sum of powers approximation formula allows these sums to be calculated in a much easier fashion than the traditional limit of Riemann sums, and the formula’s similarity to the antiderivative power rule anticipates the fundamental theorem of calculus. An option given in some exercises is to state that the fundamental theorem of calculus does not apply, again with the goal of preventing bad habits. Substitution, numerical integration, and initial value problems complete the chapter.
Techniques of Integration
Authors: Dawson C. Bryan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
“Techniques of Integration” is perhaps the most traditional chapter in the text, with infinitesimals making appearances only for improper integrals. Functional notation is used for integration by parts (instead of differential notation), with the purpose of simplifying exercises involving both parts and substitution. The material on partial fractions is split into two sections, with the first section containing nonrepeated linear factors only. An optional section on “other techniques of integration” calls readers’ attention to the existence of techniques beyond those contained in calculus textbooks. A table of integrals is included, as is a discussion of the use of technology.
Humanism and the Mishnah
Authors: Grafton Anthony 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 1541 Paulus Fagius published an edition of Pirkei Avot. It was part of a larger project to make the writings of the rabbis more accessible to Christians. The edition began as a teaching aid. Fagius also hoped to see the young write Hebrew fluently. The rabbinical sayings in Pirkei Avot, he pointed out, could play the same role as pointed quotations from the ancients in a Latin letter or oration. Fagius also praised the moral and religious content of many of the sayings he explicated, since the sayings in Avot came from early rabbis, near in time to Jesus. Fagius held that the views of these Jewish authorities often resembled those of the first Christians. This school edition thus formed a modest part of the sixteenth-century project to show that Christianity really had begun, not only in the Jewish world, but as a Jewish sect.
Between Law and Antiquarianism
Authors: Cattaneo Marcello 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the uses of Maimonides’ halakhic code, the Mishneh Torah, in Christian scholarship during the ‘Mishnaic moment’ of the late seventeenth century, especially in England and Germany. It argues that the popularity of the medieval code for the study of Jewish antiquity and law was based on the assumption that law and antiquarianism could be mutually supportive forms of knowledge. An enquiry into the fortunes of the Mishneh Torah in the scholarship of this period can thus shed light on the disciplinary flexibility that sustained this scholarly phase, before a more stringently historical attitude to sources and clearer disciplinary boundaries emerged in the eighteenth century. Through an examination of several manuscript Latin translations of sections of the code, this chapter also shows how the Mishneh Torah became an important pedagogical tool for Christian students seeking to acquire the rudiments of rabbinic Hebrew and the fundamentals of Jewish law.
Imagining Visually
Authors: Cohen Richard I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 1674 Johann Christoph Wagenseil published his Latin translation and commentary of a tractate of the Hebrew Mishnah. He added several illustrations to the volume, presumably thinking that visual representation would encourage interest. Jewish and non-Jewish publishers of the Hebrew Mishnah had refrained from using visual material. Wagenseil’s initiative was taken up by Surenhusius, who, in cooperation with his Dutch publisher (the Borstius firm), produced six folio volumes of the Mishnah, to which were added an elaborate frontispiece, highlighting themes of the particular Order, as well as various images in some of the volumes. Distinguished engravers (e.g. Jan Luyken) were employed. Jewish figures cooperated with the massive undertaking, both as illustrators and interpreters, shedding light on interactions between Jews and Christians in this period.
Discovering and Exploring Kink
Authors: Wignall Liam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the early narratives of kinky individuals are explored, describing their first realizations of kink interests. Participants described three routes into kink stemming from early psychological arousal, an introduction to kink through others, and stumbling across kinky pornography. The chapter develops participants’ narratives through describing how participants subsequently explored their kink interests. Participants explored through a combination of actively searching for interests using pornography, exploring with a sexual partner, or exploring using sociosexual networking sites. This chapter updates understandings of how individuals become immersed in kinky sexual interests, particularly recognizing the pivotal role of the internet and considering differential developmental trajectories rather than linear models of kink identity development.