bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Encounters Among 94,033 Race Starters During a 16.1-km Running Event Over 3 Years in the Netherlands: SAFER XXVI
Authors: Sewry Nicola , Wiggers Tom , Schwellnus Martin 
Published: April 2022

Background There are limited data on the medical encounters (MEs) occurring during mass community-based running events of shorter distances (10-21.1 km). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and nature of MEs during the largest mass participation running event in the Netherlands. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the incidence and nature of MEs will be similar to other running events. Study Design Descriptive epidemiological study over 3 years of a 16.1-km (10-mile) running event. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods We investigated a total of 94,033 race starters at the 2017-2019 Dam tot Damloop (16.1 km), a point-to-point road race from Amsterdam to Zaandam, the Netherlands. All MEs were recorded by race medical staff on race day each year. MEs were retrospectively coded by severity, organ system, and final specific diagnosis (2019 consensus statement definition on mass community-based events). Incidence ( I) per 1000 starters (95% CIs) were calculated for all MEs and serious/life-threatening MEs. Results: The overall incidence (per 1000 starters) of all MEs was 2.75 (95% CI, 2.44-3.11), the overall incidence of serious/life-threatening MEs was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00-1.45; 44% of MEs). Heat illnesses accounted for most MEs: hypothermia I = 0.54 (95% CI, 0.41-0.71) and hyperthermia I = 0.46 (95% CI, 0.34-0.62). Central nervous system MEs were also common (dizziness/nausea, I = 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.99), followed by the cardiovascular system MEs (exercise-associated postural hypotension, I = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.26-0.51). Conclusion The overall incidence of MEs was low compared with longer-distance races (21.1-90 km), but the incidence and relative frequency of serious/life-threatening MEs (44% of all MEs) was much higher. Heat illness (hypothermia and exertional heat stroke) accounted for most serious/life-threatening MEs. Clinical Relevance: There is a need to implement prevention strategies and interventions by specialized medical practitioners in this and similar events.
A Comparative Analysis of Frailty, Disability, and Sarcopenia With Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Akbik Omar S. , Al-Adli Nadeem , Pernik Mark N. , Hicks William H. , Hall Kristen , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design Retrospective case series study. Objectives This study aims to compare preoperative indices, including the modified frailty index-11 (mFI-11), modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and psoas muscle index (PMI), as they relate to outcomes in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Methods We identified 235 patients who underwent thoracolumbar ASD surgery (≥4 levels). The mFI-11, mFI-5, ODI, and PMI were determined from preoperative visits and correlated to outcome measures, including perioperative transfusion, duration of anesthesia, hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, readmission, change in ODI at last follow-up, revision surgery, and mortality. Results Our cohort had a mean age of 69.6 years and a male:female ratio of 1:2 with 177 undergoing an index surgery and 58 patients presenting after a failed multilevel fusion. The average number of levels fused was 9.3. The mFI-11 and mFI-5 were similar in predicting the need for intraoperative and postoperative transfusion. However, the mFI-11 was able to predict longer ICU and hospital LOS and mortality. The average preoperative ODI was 44.9% with an average decrease of 10.1% at the last follow-up. Preoperative ODI was the most significant predictor of postoperative change of ODI. Sarcopenia, defined as the lowest quartile of PMI values measured at L3 and L4, was not associated with any meaningful outcomes. Conclusion The mFI-11 better correlated with outcomes, indicating its increased prognostic value compared to other preoperative indices in ASD surgery. Preoperative ODI remains a significant predictor of postoperative change in ODI when evaluating ASD patients.
Functional Outcomes and Subsequent Surgical Procedures After Arthroscopic Suture Versus Screw Fixation for ACL Tibial Avulsion Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Chao-Jui , Huang Tzu-Ching , Hoshino Yuichi , Wang Chi-Hsiu , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Su Wei-Ren , Hong Chih-Kai 
Published: April 2022

Background: Although arthroscopic screw fixation and suture fixation are mainstream interventions for displaced anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures of the tibia, the differences in clinical outcomes between them remain inconclusive. Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis comparing the clinical and functional outcomes between arthroscopic screw fixation and suture fixation for tibial avulsion fractures. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Inclusion criteria were English-language articles that compared functional outcomes after screw fixation versus suture fixation for tibial avulsion fractures and had at least 1-year follow-up. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed statistically using the Mantel-Haenszel method and variance-weighted means. Random-effects models were used to generate pooled relative risk (RR) estimates with confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 1395 articles initially identified, we included 5 studies with 184 patients (91 patients with screw fixations and 93 patients with suture fixations). The pooled results indicated similar postoperative outcomes for screw fixation and suture fixation: Lysholm score (mean difference [MD], −0.32 [95% CI, −6.08 to 5.44]; P = .91), proportion of International Knee Documentation Committee score grade A (74% vs 74%; RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.10-3.95]; P = .63), Tegner score (MD, 0.10 [95% CI: −1.73 to 1.92]; P = .92), and Lachman test results (stable knee joint, 82% vs 82%; RR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.85-1.16; P = .90). Patients in the screw fixation group had a significantly higher overall subsequent surgery rate (46% vs 19%; RR, 2.33; 95% CI,1.51-3.60; P = .0001) and implant removal rate (44% vs 3%; RR, 8.52; 95% CI, 3.58-20.29; P < .00001) compared with those in the suture fixation group. Nonimplant-related subsequent surgery rates were similar for the 2 groups. Conclusion: The findings indicated a higher risk of subsequent surgery (RR, 2.33) and implant removal (RR, 8.52) after screw fixation when compared with suture fixation for tibial avulsion fractures. However, there were no significant differences in clinical outcome scores between the 2 techniques.
Kinematic Calibration of a Six-Legged Walking Machine Tool
Authors: Liu Jimu , Chen Zhijun , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the kinematic calibration of a novel six-legged walking machine tool comprising a six-legged mobile robot integrated with a parallel manipulator on the body. Each leg of the robot is a 2-universal-prismatic-spherical (UPS) and UP parallel mechanism, and the manipulator is a 6-PSU parallel mechanism. The error models of both subsystems are derived according to their inverse kinematics. The objective function for each kinematic limb is formulated as the inverse kinematic residual, i.e., the deviation between the actual and computed joint coordinates. The hip center of each leg is first identified via sphere fitting, and the other kinematic parameters are identified by solving the objective function for each limb individually using the least-squares method. Thus, the kinematic parameters are partially decoupled, and the complexities of the error models are reduced. A calibration method is proposed for the legged robot to overcome the lack of a fixed base on the ground. A calibration experiment is conducted to validate the proposed method, where a laser tracker is used as the measurement equipment. The kinematic parameters of the entire robot are identified, and the motion accuracy of each leg and that of the manipulator are significantly improved after calibration. Validation experiments are performed to evaluate the positioning and trajectory errors of the six-legged walking machine tool. The results indicate that the kinematic calibration of the legs and manipulator improves not only the motion accuracy of each individual subsystem but also the cooperative motion accuracy among the subsystems.
Metal Electrode Polarization in Triboelectric Nanogenerator Probed by Surface Charge Neutralization
Authors: Jeong Jiwon , Yoo Byungsoo , Jang Eunji , Choi Inje , Lee Jongjin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses charge transfer between two asymmetric charge affinity materials such as metal and dielectrics. Metal electrode acts as charge collector from dielectrics and acts as charge transfer path to an external load, which model deals with only a net charge of metal electrode concerning electrical output. In this work, we found that metal electrode in triboelectric generator has non-negligible surface charge polarization causing open-circuit voltage difference in the model TENG system. The output voltage depends on the initial preparation conditions of the TENG for I–V measurements, even for the same measured charge densities. The measured output voltage difference with the same charge density implies that electric charges of TENG are composed of movable charges that affect current and voltage output and the bounded fixed charges that only affect open-circuit voltage.
Selection and demography drive range-wide patterns of MHC-DRB variation in mule deer
Authors: Cook Rachel M. , Suttner Brittany , Giglio Rachael M. , Haines Margaret L. , Latch Emily K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStanding genetic variation is important especially in immune response-related genes because of threats to wild populations like the emergence of novel pathogens. Genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is crucial in activating the adaptive immune response, is influenced by both natural selection and historical population demography, and their relative roles can be difficult to disentangle. To provide insight into the influences of natural selection and demography on MHC evolution in large populations, we analyzed geographic patterns of variation at the MHC class II DRB exon 2 locus in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using sequence data collected across their entire broad range.ResultsWe identified 31 new MHC-DRB alleles which were phylogenetically similar to other cervid MHC alleles, and one allele that was shared with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We found evidence for selection on the MHC including high dN/dS ratios, positive neutrality tests, deviations from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and a stronger pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD) than expected under neutrality. Historical demography also shaped variation at the MHC, as indicated by similar spatial patterns of variation between MHC and microsatellite loci and a lack of association between genetic variation at either locus type and environmental variables.ConclusionsOur results show that both natural selection and historical demography are important drivers in the evolution of the MHC in mule deer and work together to shape functional variation and the evolution of the adaptive immune response in large, well-connected populations.
Explore potential disease related metabolites based on latent factor model
Authors: Wang Yongtian , Juan Liran , Peng Jiajie , Wang Tao , Zang Tianyi , Wang Yadong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In biological systems, metabolomics can not only contribute to the discovery of metabolic signatures for disease diagnosis, but is very helpful to illustrate the underlying molecular disease-causing mechanism. Therefore, identification of disease-related metabolites is of great significance for comprehensively understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and improving clinical medicine.

Results
In the paper, we propose a disease and literature driven metabolism prediction model (DLMPM) to identify the potential associations between metabolites and diseases based on latent factor model. We build the disease glossary with disease terms from different databases and an association matrix based on the mapping between diseases and metabolites. The similarity of diseases and metabolites is used to complete the association matrix. Finally, we predict potential associations between metabolites and diseases based on the matrix decomposition method. In total, 1,406 direct associations between diseases and metabolites are found. There are 119,206 unknown associations between diseases and metabolites predicted with a coverage rate of 80.88%. Subsequently, we extract training sets and testing sets based on data increment from the database of disease-related metabolites and assess the performance of DLMPM on 19 diseases. As a result, DLMPM is proven to be successful in predicting potential metabolic signatures for human diseases with an average AUC value of 82.33%.

Conclusion
In this paper, a computational model is proposed for exploring metabolite-disease pairs and has good performance in predicting potential metabolites related to diseases through adequate validation. The results show that DLMPM has a better performance in prioritizing candidate diseases-related metabolites compared with the previous methods and would be helpful for researchers to reveal more information about human diseases.
Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection and association between virulence expression and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Derakhshan Safoura , Ahmadi Sanaz , Ahmadi Erfan , Nasseri Sherko , Aghaei Abbas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The capacity of antibiotics to modulate bacterial virulence has raised concerns over the appropriateness of antibiotic therapies, including when dosing strategies fall below sub-therapeutic levels. In this work, we investigated the ability of antibiotics to influence virulence in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results
Out of 120 isolates, 32.5% carried pap, 21.7% carried hlyA, and 17.5% carried cnf. The predominant B2 phylogroup was significantly associated with the quinolone-resistant isolates. A significant association was seen between the presence of hlyA hemolysin and susceptibility to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (P < 0.05). Sub-inhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics reduced the levels of hlyA expression and hemolysis in isolates treated with antibiotics compared to untreated isolates (P < 0.05). Growth rate assay showed that the decrease in hlyA expression was not an effect of decreased growth rate.

Conclusion
Our study indicated the inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone on the level of hemolysis, suggesting that the sub-inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics may affect the outcome of infections. Further studies, including animal models may elucidate the outcome of virulence modulation by these antibiotics in UTI pathogenesis.
Study and QTL mapping of reproductive and morphological traits implicated in the autofertility of faba bean
Authors: Aguilar-Benitez David , Casimiro-Soriguer Inés , Ferrandiz Cristina , Torres Ana M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutofertility describes the ability of faba bean flowers to self-fertilize thereby ensuring the productivity of this crop in the absence of pollinators or mechanical disturbance. In the legume crop faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lack of autofertility in a context of insufficient pollination can lead to a severe decrease in grain yield. Here we performed the first QTL analysis aimed at identifying the genomic regions controlling autofertility in this crop. We combined pod and seed setting scores from a recombinant inbred population (RIL) segregating for autofertility in different environments and years with measurements of morphological floral traits and pollen production and viability. This approach revealed 19 QTLs co-localizing in six genomic regions. Extensive co-localization was evident for various floral features whose QTLs clustered in chrs. I, II and V, while other QTLs in chrs. III, IV and VI revealed co-localization of flower characteristics and pod and seed set data. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by the QTLs ranged from 8.9 for style length to 25.7 for stigma angle. In the three QTLs explaining the highest phenotypic variation (R2 > 20), the marker alleles derived from the autofertile line Vf27. We further inspected positional candidates identified by these QTLs which represent a valuable resource for further validation. Our results advance the understanding of autofertility in faba bean and will aid the identification of responsible genes for genomic-assisted breeding in this crop.
Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery under combination of erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block
Authors: Alagoz Ali , Findik Gokturk , Sazak Hilal , Demiroz Sevki Mustafa , Baldemir Ramazan , Ulger Gulay , Zengin Musa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of anesthetics and analgesic drugs and techniques in combination yields a multimodal effect with increased efficiency. In this case series, we aimed to evaluate the anesthetic effect of the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) combination in patients, who underwent non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NIVATS).

Methods
Medical records of 16 patients, who underwent NIVATS for wedge resection under the combination of ESPB and TPVB were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data of patients, duration of the sensory block, amount of the anesthetic agent used for premedication and sedo-analgesia, any presence of perioperative cough, operative times, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the postoperative follow-up period, the need for additional analgesia, and patient satisfaction were reviewed.

Results
Of the patients included in the study, 12 were men and 4 were women. The mean age was 48.6 years and the mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m2. The mean time needed for the achievement of the sensorial block was 14 min and the mean skin-to-skin operative time was 21.4 min. During the procedure, patients received 81.5 ± 27.7 mg of propofol and 30 ± 13.6 micrograms of remifentanil infusions, respectively. The mean dose of ketamine administered in total was 58.1 ± 12.2 mg. Only 2 patients needed an extra dose of remifentanil because of recurrent cough. No patients developed postoperative nausea vomiting. During the first 24 h, the VAS static scores of the patients were 3 and below, while VAS dynamic scores were 4 and below. Morphine consumption in the first postoperative 24 h was 13.2 mg.

Conclusions
In conclusion, combined ESPB and TPVB with added intravenous sedo-analgesia in the presence of good cooperation between the surgical team and the anesthesiologist in the perioperative period can provide optimal surgical conditions including the prevention of cough in NIVATS. It is not sufficient to state that this combination is superior to alone ESPB or alone TPVB, as it is a preliminary study with a limited number of cases.
Idiopathic posterior papillary muscle rupture; a case report
Authors: Milioglou Ioannis , Janko Matthew R. , Hassan Hafeez ul , ElHaq Mohammed , Filby Steven J. , Pelletier Marc P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Papillary muscle rupture is a rare condition. Its clinical presentation, diagnosis and management can be very challenging for the clinician.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old woman with hypertension presented with chest pain, ST-segment changes, and elevated serum troponin levels. Coronary angiography was normal. Echocardiography revealed normal ventricular function, flail posterior mitral leaflet, and severe mitral regurgitation. She underwent emergent mitral valve replacement.

Conclusion
The diagnostic and management strategies of this uncommon presentation are discussed.
Evaluation of multiple imputation approaches for handling missing covariate information in a case-cohort study with a binary outcome
Authors: Middleton Melissa , Nguyen Cattram , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Carlin John B. , Lee Katherine J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In case-cohort studies a random subcohort is selected from the inception cohort and acts as the sample of controls for several outcome investigations. Analysis is conducted using only the cases and the subcohort, with inverse probability weighting (IPW) used to account for the unequal sampling probabilities resulting from the study design. Like all epidemiological studies, case-cohort studies are susceptible to missing data. Multiple imputation (MI) has become increasingly popular for addressing missing data in epidemiological studies. It is currently unclear how best to incorporate the weights from a case-cohort analysis in MI procedures used to address missing covariate data.

Method
A simulation study was conducted with missingness in two covariates, motivated by a case study within the Barwon Infant Study. MI methods considered were: using the outcome, a proxy for weights in the simple case-cohort design considered, as a predictor in the imputation model, with and without exposure and covariate interactions; imputing separately within each weight category; and using a weighted imputation model. These methods were compared to a complete case analysis (CCA) within the context of a standard IPW analysis model estimating either the risk or odds ratio. The strength of associations, missing data mechanism, proportion of observations with incomplete covariate data, and subcohort selection probability varied across the simulation scenarios. Methods were also applied to the case study.

Results
There was similar performance in terms of relative bias and precision with all MI methods across the scenarios considered, with expected improvements compared with the CCA. Slight underestimation of the standard error was seen throughout but the nominal level of coverage (95%) was generally achieved. All MI methods showed a similar increase in precision as the subcohort selection probability increased, irrespective of the scenario. A similar pattern of results was seen in the case study.

Conclusions
How weights were incorporated into the imputation model had minimal effect on the performance of MI; this may be due to case-cohort studies only having two weight categories. In this context, inclusion of the outcome in the imputation model was sufficient to account for the unequal sampling probabilities in the analysis model.