bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of the chiropractic profession in Canada: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian Chiropractic Association Members
Authors: Southerst Danielle , Bakaa Nora , Côté Pierre , Macedo Luciana , Carlesso Lisa , MacDermid Joy , Mior Silvano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the diversity of the chiropractic profession with respect to gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity and community of practice. Diversity provides a foundation for culturally competent care delivery at the provider level and is paramount in the pursuit of a culturally congruent model of chiropractic care. The objective of this study is to explore the diversity of the Canadian chiropractic profession.
Methods
All registered members of the Canadian Chiropractic Association (N = 7721) were invited to participate in a web-based survey between May and June 2021. Survey questions explored diversity with respect to personal demographics (age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, language) and practice characteristics (community setting, practice type). Where possible, survey data was compared to data from the 2016 Census of the Canadian population.
Results
We received a total of 3143 survey responses (response rate – 41%). The average age of our sample was 44.7 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.7). Forty-five percent were female with the same proportion (45.2%) self-identifying as women. Ninety-one percent of the sample self-identified as heterosexual. With respect to race, 80% of respondents were Caucasian. Seventy percent of chiropractors in our sample identified with Canadian ancestry and 29% with European ancestry. In comparison to the Canadian population, some visible minorities were underrepresented. The greatest discrepancy between the Canadian population and our sample was in the proportion of Black and Indigenous chiropractors. With respect to ethnicity, chiropractors identifying themselves with Canadian ancestry were overrepresented in our sample compared to others, specifically those with North American Indigenous and South, Central and Latin American ancestry. Sixty-one percent of chiropractors practiced in major cities and most work in interdisciplinary clinics (42% Complementary and Alternative Medicine and 33% rehabilitation).
Conclusions
This study provides an initial description of diversity within the chiropractic profession in Canada. Women represent less than 50% of the profession nationally. Overall, there is little racial and ethnic diversity in the chiropractic profession compared to the Canadian population, with Black and Indigenous peoples being underrepresented. Future work should focus strategies to foster the development of a more diverse chiropractic workforce.
Structurally Modulated D-π-D- A(Semiconductor) Anchoring Dyes to Enhance the Tunable NLO Response: A DFT/TDDFT Quest For New Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Hassan Abrar U. , Sumrra Sajjad H. , Zubair Muhammad , Mustafa Ghulam , Nazar Muhammad F. , Zafar Muhammad N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we show that dyes with anchoring groups and their stability for semiconductor TiO2 surfaces with silyl unit in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To investigate the efficacy of DSSCs, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted with novel D-π-D- A(Semiconductor) type dyes with using donors (N,N-dimethylaniline & benzenesulfonate) and a thiophene as π-conjugated spacers, with different semiconductor units as anchoring and electron acceptor units to design dyes (D-1 to D-5). All new Dye as a reference (Ref-D) had been extended with electron acceptor semiconducting units to improve the electronic transmission and increased maximum absorbance (λmax). Their ionization potentials ranged between 2.65-5.31ev which showed their good electron donating nature. The λmax values of dyes D-1 to D-5 were 458–521 nm which had a considerable red shift from Ref-D. The second order NLO response of 134532 Debye-Angstrom− 1 was noted for D-2 which had the shortest bandgap. The charge tripping analysis of all the dyes miscible with the Ref-D showed an exclusive shift from HOMO of reference to LUMO of dye. The density of states (DOS) calculations with the illustrative dye D-5 show that electronic transmission from the dye towards the semiconductor was efficient. The inclusion of thiophene as π-conjugated spacer resulted in a significant increase in absorbance peak at 80 nm, which have led the UV ranges to the UV-vis and NIR regions. The DFT computed results offer light upon that design of novel DSSCs with silyl anchoring groups for improved stability and efficiency. The present research is in a kind of prediction to develop new NLO materials with D-π-A design involving semiconductor as anchoring groups to attach with a surface.
Effect of High-Flow Nasal Therapy on Patient-Centred Outcomes in Patients at High Risk of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Cardiac Surgery: A Statistical Analysis Plan for NOTACS, a Multicentre Adaptive Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Dawson Sarah Natalie , Chiu Yi-Da , Earwaker Melissa , Klein Andrew A , Villar Sofia S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe NOTACS trial will assess the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT) on the outcomes of patients after cardiac surgery. Methods / DesignNOTACS is an adaptive, international, multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial, with a pre-planned interim sample size re-estimation (SSR). A minimum of 850 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either HFNT or SOT. The primary outcome is days alive and at home in the first 90 days after the planned surgery (DAH90), with a number of secondary analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses also planned. The interim SSR will take place after a minimum of 300 patients have been followed up for 90 days and will allow for the sample size to increase up to a maximum of 1152 patients. DiscussionThis manuscript outlines the key features of the NOTACS statistical analysis plan, and was submitted to the journal before the interim analysis in order to preserve scientific integrity under an adaptive design framework. The NOTACS SAP closely follows published guidelines for the content of SAPs in clinical trials. Trial registration: ISRCTN14092678 (13th May 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14092678)
Upward global trends in managed honey bee colonies and production: a six-decade viewpoint, 1961-2017
Authors: Phiri Bernard J , Fèvre Damien , Hidano Arata 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to examine the long-term trends for the global honey bee population and its two main products: honey and beeswax. Our analysis was based on the data collected by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations from 1961 to 2017. During this period, there were increases in the number of managed honey bee colonies (90.7%), honey production (236.2%) and beeswax production (115.8%). The amount of honey produced per colony increased by 50%, signifying improvements in the efficiency for producing honey. Concurrently, the human population grew by 135.3%. Whilst the absolute number of managed colonies increased globally, the number per capita declined by 19.9% from 13.6 colonies per 1000 population in 1961 to 10.9 colonies per 1000 population in 2017. Beeswax had a similar trend as the global production per capita reduced by 8.5% from 8.2 kg to 7.5 kg per 1000 population. In contrast, the global honey production per capita increased by 42.9% at the global level. The global human population growth outpaced that of managed honey bee colonies. Continuation of this trend raises the possibility of having a shortfall of pollinators to meet the increasing consumer demand for pollinated crops. To mitigate these challenges locally-driven solutions will be key as influencing factors differed geographically.
Assignment of IVL-Methyl side chain of the ligand-free monomeric human MALT1 paracaspase-IgL 3 domain in solution
Authors: Han Xiao , Levkovets Maria , Lesovoy Dmitry , Sun Renhua , Wallerstein Johan , Sandalova Tatyana , Agback Tatiana , Achour Adnane , Agback Peter , Orekhov Vladislav Yu. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue protein 1 (MALT1) plays a key role in adaptive immune responses by modulating specific intracellular signalling pathways that control the development and proliferation of both T and B cells. Dysfunction of these pathways is coupled to the progress of highly aggressive lymphoma as well as to potential development of an array of different immune disorders. In contrast to other signalling mediators, MALT1 is not only activated through the formation of the CBM complex together with the proteins CARMA1 and Bcl10, but also by acting as a protease that cleaves multiple substrates to promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival via the NF-κB signalling pathway. Herein, we present the partial 1H, 13C Ile/Val/Leu-Methyl resonance assignment of the monomeric apo form of the paracaspase-IgL3 domain of human MALT1. Our results provide a solid ground for future elucidation of both the three-dimensional structure and the dynamics of MALT1, key for adequate development of inhibitors, and a thorough molecular understanding of its function(s).
Radio-diagnostic application of convolutional neural networks for dental sexual dimorphism
Authors: Franco Ademir , Porto Lucas , Heng Dennis , Murray Jared , Lygate Anna , Franco Raquel , Bueno Juliano , Sobania Marilia , Costa Márcio Magno , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Manica Scheila , Abade André 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) led to important solutions in the field of Computer Vision. More recently, forensic sciences benefited from the resources of artificial intelligence, especially in procedures that normally require operator-dependent steps. Forensic tools for sexual dimorphism based on morphological dental traits are available but have limited performance. This study aimed to test the application of a machine learning setup to distinguish females and males using dentomaxillofacial features from a radiographic dataset. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs (n = 4,003) of individuals in the age interval of 6 and 22.9 years. Image annotation was performed with V7 software (V7labs, London, UK). From Scratch (FS) and Transfer Learning (TL) CNN architectures were compared, and diagnostic accuracy tests were used. TL (82%) performed better than FS (71%). The correct classifications of females and males aged ≥ 15 years were 87% and 84%, respectively. For females and males < 15 years, the correct classifications were 80% and 83%, respectively. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) from Receiver-operating Characteristic (ROC) curves showed high classification accuracy between 0.87 and 0.91. The radio-diagnostic use of CNN for sexual dimorphism showed positive outcomes and promising forensic applications to the field of dental human identification.
Phytochemical analysis and determination of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts of leaf and fruit of Ruta chalepensis (tenadam)
Authors: Workie Hailegnaw Gizaw , Desta Zelalem Yibralign 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Ruta chalepensis is a plant belongs to the family Rutaceae, originally native to the Mediterranean region. In Ethiopia, it is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages and also used as food preservative. It is also used as antisplasmodic, diuretic, sedative, and analgesic effects, and externally for its antirheumatic effect for treatment of menstrual problems as well as it is used as antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiplatelet, antihelminthic agent. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of the fruit and leaf of the Ruta chalepensis showed the presence of some important bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, etc. In addition to this, the extracts also showed good total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activities. For example, the total phenolic content of leaf and fruit extracts of R. chalepensis is 142.159 ±0.02 and 156.477 ±0.15 mgGAE/g dry weight respectively whereas the total flavonoid content of the extracts is 118.246±0.059 and 135.952± 0.116 mgQE/ g of dry weight respectively. Conclusions: Fruit and leaf extracts of R. chalepensis showed a good total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The two extracts also showed weak to moderate antibacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria at higher concentrations.
Incidence of hepatitis E virus among elevated liver enzyme (ALT, AST) Sudanese patients, Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Myada , Osman Amira Altom Fawzi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is a newly recognized serious threat to global public health and Africa is suspected to be among the most severely affected regions in the world.
Objective
This study aimed to detect the frequency of anti-hepatitis E IgM, among elevated liver enzyme patients.
Methods
The current study is descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between April to august 2016, Ninety Patients with high liver enzyme ALT&AST and non B non C hepatitis attended Ibn senaa hospital Khartoum north, Omdurman teaching hospital and bahri teaching hospital bahri north, sedan were collected and tested by using (ELISA) kit
Results
show that Out of the 90 samples tested in order to evaluate the effect of age on HEV seropositivity, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between HEV seropositivity and age group,
Conclusion
study demonstrates the high prevalence rate of HEV seropositivity among non-hepatitis patients with high level enzyme ALT, AST. This will raise the potential risk of HEV infection by blood transfusion and may be the source of the outbreak.
Integrating Historic Preservation into a Wider Framework of Urban Development through Comprehensive Planning: An Evaluation of Local Comprehensive Plans in the 50 U.S. State Capitals
Authors: Zhang Luchen , Tang Yuexing , Chen Yang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Historic preservation should be integrated into the broader framework of urban devel-opment, which makes preservation through local comprehensive planning a good option. However, there has been limited demonstration of the content and quality of local comprehensive plans in the preservation and utilization of historic resources. In this study, the integration of historic preser-vation in local comprehensive plans in the U.S.’s 50 state capitals was evaluated using content analysis. Then, the variables that affect the quality of different plans were analyzed using multiple regression. This study revealed that the extent to which historic preservation is integrated into local comprehensive plans is at a medium scale, and it varies widely among the 50 state capitals. It was found that the performance of the indicators in the implementation component of the plan was generally weak, and the performance of the indicators related to the energy theme in urban de-velopment was weak. The study also found that the plans that included preservationists among the plan authors and the involvement of heritage committees in the planning process were of higher quality. Finally, policy recommendations are provided based on the results, which can guide planners, managers, decision makers, preservation advocates, and citizens in more effective inte-gration of historic preservation during the comprehensive planning process.
COVID-19 booster vaccine willingness among patients with chronic kidney disease in Taizhou, China
Authors: Chen He-Dan , Xu Guang-Biao , Chen Yan , Lin Xiao-Qing , Lv Li , Tung Tao-Hsin , Zhu Jian-Sheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Investgate the willingness of CKD patients to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose and analyze the related factors of COVID-19 booster vaccine willingness in such patients.Methods: An online questionnaire investigation addressing participants’ willingness to receive a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine was organized among patients with chronic kidney disease in Taizhou, China.Result: A total of 350 valid copies were retrieved, among which 246 respondents (70.29%) were willing to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high perceived vaccine safety and effectiveness, non-hemodialysis treatment, and one or two rounds of COVID-19 vaccine were related to COVID-19 booster vaccine willingness of CKD patients. Therefore, enhancing propaganda on safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine for CKD patients, raising their awareness about vaccination, and increasing vaccination of the first and second rounds can help increase the COVID-19 booster vaccination rate.
Effect of orofacial myofunctional therapy on the middle-mixed dentition patients with incompetent lips
Authors: Yang Xue , Lai Guangyun , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Various pre-formed early orthodontic appliances for correcting bad oral habits and training orofacial muscles have emerged on the market. However, reports on the orofacial myofunctional training effects of the appliances are few. Methods: This retrospective study selected children with incompetent lips in the middle-mixed dentition from all the patients treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Shanghai Ninth people’s Hospital from 2016 to 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had done the orofacial myofunctional exercises. For each subject of the two groups, initial (pre-treatment, T1) and final (post-treatment, T2) internal and external photos, dental casts, lateral cephalograms, and orthopantograms(OPG) were taken, and lip strength was measured. Dolphin Imaging Cephalometric Analysis Software measured SNA, SNB, ANB, APDI, FMA, U1SN, and IMPA before and after treatment. The hyoid bone position was also recorded. Significant between-group differences were tested with an independent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results: A total of 109 children (54 males, 55 females; age range:7-10 years, mean age: 8.2 years) were selected from a parent sample of 870 patients. The first group consisted of 56 subjects (30 females; 26 males) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD 1.1 years) treated with orofacial myofunctional treatment and preformed appliances. The second group consisted of 53 subjects (25 females; 28 males) with a mean age of 8.2 years (SD 1.0 years) treated with conventional early orthodontic treatment without orofacial myofunctional therapy. In the first group, statistically significant forward movement of the mandible was indicated by an increase of SNB by -1.06 degrees (P < 0.01) and an increase of APDI by -2.23 degrees (P < 0.01). The increase of IMPA (-3.21 degrees, P < 0.01) demonstrated a statistically significant proclination of the lower incisors. The increase in HC3 (-1 mm, P < 0.01) and HFH (-2.95 mm, P < 0.01) implied the forward and downward movement of the hyoid bone. The OMT resulted in a statistically significant increase in lip strength (-2.30, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in LS, SNB and IMPA between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Orofacial myofunctional therapy was effective for middle-mixed dentition patients with incompetent lips. It can result in significant improvement of lip strength and forward movement of the mandible, which can perfect the jaw relationship.
A crack detection method for aero-engine blade based on air-flow thermography
Authors: Pan Xiaofeng , Xiang Tianle , He Yanjie , Wu Jianbo , Xia Hui , Lei Ting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aero-engine blade is one of the core components of aero-engine and its safe service is crucial to the normal operation of aero-engine. Thus, it is very important to localize and quantify cracks of aero-engine blades to prevent safety accidents. To guarantee the structural health of aero-engine blades, the air-flow thermography (AFT) method which has advantages of non-contact, high performance, and sensitivity, was proposed for detection of the blade cracks. Firstly, the theoretical thermal response model was established and the crack simulation models with different depths were constructed. Then a detection system was established to detect the artificial cracks with different depths and orientations. Results showed that the proposed method can effectively quantify the cracks with different depths from 0.2 mm to1.0 mm and characterize the crack orientations. In addition, the natural crack on the blade was detected and the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to enhance the crack contrast with the background.
Robustness under parameter and problem domain alterations of Bayesian optimisation methods for chemical reactions
Authors: Khondaker Rubaiyat Mohammad , Gow Stephen , Kanza Samantha , Frey Jeremy G , Niranjan Mahesan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chemical reaction optimisation concerns the discovery of reaction conditions that provide the best percentage yield of the target product. The space of possible reaction conditions is too large to search in full, so identifying a globally optimal set of conditions must instead draw on mathematical methods to identify areas of the space that should be investigated. An intriguing contribution to this area of research is the recent development of the Experimental Design for Bayesian Optimisation (EDBO) optimiser. Bayesian optimisation works by building an approximation to the true function to be optimised based on a small set of simulations, and selecting the next point (or points) to be tested based on an acquisition function reflecting the value of different points within the input space. In this work, we evaluated the robustness of the EDBO optimiser under several changes to its specification. We investigated the effect on the performance of the optimiser of altering the acquisition function and batch size, applied the method to other existing reaction yield data sets, and considered its performance in the new problem domain of molecular power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic cells. Our results indicated that the EDBO optimiser broadly performs well under these changes; of particular note is the competitive performance of the computationally cheaper acquisition function Thompson sampling when compared to the original expected improvement function, and some concerns around the method's performance for "incomplete" input domains.