bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lernstation für Datenerfassung und IoT-Applikationen
Authors: Hardt Tina , Klupak Christopher , Walker Felix 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Das Thema Digitalisierung in Verbindung mit Cybersecurity wird durch die steigende Vernetzung immer wichtiger. Viele Firmen, vor allem kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen, sind sich vieler Gefahren und Möglichkeiten der Abwehr nicht bewusst. Hierzu existiert derzeit wenig didaktisches Material für die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Mitarbeitenden. Deshalb wurde im Forschungsprojekt AKKORD prototypisch u. a. eine Lernstation zu diesem Thema entwickelt, die derzeit um didaktische Konzepte zur Anwendung in verschiedenen Ausbildungsberufen erweitert wird.
Extending Research on Law Enforcement Academy Graduation and Fitness: A Research Note on Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Dulla Joseph M. , Orr Robin M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Dulla, JM, and Orr, RM. Extending research on law enforcement academy graduation and fitness: A research note on receiver operating characteristic curves. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Fitness level contributes to a law enforcement recruit's ability to graduate from a training academy. However, limited research has used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to ascertain whether fitness tests can accurately predict academy graduation. The investigators analyzed archival data from 311 recruits (260 males and 51 females) across 4 academy classes from 1 law enforcement agency. A robust, broad battery of fitness test data included grip strength for both hands, vertical jump, 75-yard pursuit run (75PR), 2-kg medicine ball throw, push-ups, sit-ups, arm ergometer revolutions in 60 seconds, and 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) shuttles. Recruits were split into those who graduated (n = 269) or those who separated (did not complete academy; n = 42). A univariate ANOVA, with sex as a control variable, determined between-group fitness differences. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for each fitness test, and the area under the curve (AUC) determined accuracy. Except for grip strength, graduated recruits were superior in all fitness tests (p < 0.001). The 75PR (AUC = 0.708) and 20MSFT (AUC = 0.727) had fair accuracy in predicting academy graduation. The data suggested that, ideally, fitness tests should not be used for diagnostic purposes in relation to academy graduation potential. Fitness test data can be used to provide specific feedback to at-risk recruits. These results suggest that the 75PR (change-of-direction speed) and 20MSFT (aerobic fitness) could contribute to successful graduation in law enforcement recruits. Law enforcement training staff could use this information to provide targeted training for recruits lacking in these qualities.
Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Parasites Possess a Unique Carbohydrate-binding Protein (Malectin) that is Absent in other Apicomplexan Lineages
Authors: Wu Mingbo , Yang Bo , Wang Dongqiang , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaohui , Zhi Yubo , Zhao Xinhui , Yin Jigang , Zhu Guan 
Published: May 2022

Objective.
Malectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein that binds Glc(2)-N-glycan and is present in animals and some alveolates. This study aimed to characterize the general molecular and biochemical features of Cryptosporidium parvum malectin (CpMal).

Methods.
Polyclonal antibodies were raised for detecting native CpMal by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Recombinant CpMal and human malectin (HsMal) were produced, and their binding activities to amylose and the host cell surface were compared. Far-western blotting and far-immunofluorescence assays were used to detect potential binding partners of CpMal in the parasite.

Results.
Native CpMal appeared to exist in dimeric form in the parasite and was distributed in a diffuse pattern over sporozoites but was highly concentrated on the anterior and posterior sides near the nuclei. CpMal, compared with HsMal, had significantly lower affinity for binding amylose but substantially higher activity for binding host cells. Recombinant CpMal recognized three high molecular weight protein bands and labeled the sporozoite posterior end corresponding to the crystalloid body, thus suggesting the presence of its potential ligands in the parasite. Two proteins identified by proteomics should be prioritized for future validation of CpMal-binding.

Conclusion.
CpMal notably differs from HsMal in molecular and biochemical properties; thus, further investigation of its biochemical and biological roles is warranted.
Arrestin Facilitates Rhodopsin Dephosphorylationin Vivo
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Ling , Yao Yun , Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Chen Jeannie 
Published: May 2022

Deactivation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involves multiple phosphorylations followed by arrestin binding, which uncouples the GPCR from G-protein activation. Some GPCRs, such as rhodopsin, are reused many times. Arrestin dissociation and GPCR dephosphorylation are key steps in the recycling process.In vitroevidence suggests that visual arrestin (ARR1) binding to light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin hinders dephosphorylation. Whether ARR1 binding also affects rhodopsin dephosphorylationin vivois not known. We investigated this using both male and female mice lacking ARR1. Mice were exposed to bright light and placed in darkness for different periods of time, and differently phosphorylated species of rhodopsin were assayed by isoelectric focusing. For WT mice, rhodopsin dephosphorylation was nearly complete by 1 h in darkness. Surprisingly, we observed that, in theArr1KO rods, rhodopsin remained phosphorylated even after 3 h. Delayed dephosphorylation inArr1KO rods cannot be explained by cell stress induced by persistent signaling, since it is not prevented by the removal of transducin, the visual G-protein, nor can it be explained by downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A, the putative rhodopsin phosphatase. We further show that cone arrestin (ARR4), which binds light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin poorly, had little effect in enhancing rhodopsin dephosphorylation, whereas mice expressing binding-competent mutant ARR1-3A showed a similar time course of rhodopsin dephosphorylation as WT. Together, these results reveal a novel role of ARR1 in facilitating rhodopsin dephosphorylationin vivo.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins used by cells to receive and respond to a broad range of extracellular signals that include neurotransmitters, hormones, odorants, and light (photons). GPCR signaling is terminated by two sequential steps: phosphorylation and arrestin binding. Both steps must be reversed when GPCRs are recycled and reused. Dephosphorylation, which is required for recycling, is an understudied process. Using rhodopsin as a prototypical GPCR, we discovered that arrestin facilitated rhodopsin dephosphorylation in living mice.
A Ca2+-Dependent Mechanism Boosting Glycolysis and OXPHOS by Activating Aralar-Malate-Aspartate Shuttle, upon Neuronal Stimulation
Authors: Pérez-Liébana Irene , Juaristi Inés , González-Sánchez Paloma , González-Moreno Luis , Rial Eduardo , Podunavac Maša , Zakarian Armen , Molgó Jordi , Vallejo-Illarramendi Ainara , Mosqueira-Martín Laura , Lopez de Munain Adolfo , Pardo Beatriz , Satrústegui Jorgina , del Arco Araceli 
Published: May 2022

Calcium is an important second messenger regulating a bioenergetic response to the workloads triggered by neuronal activation. In embryonic mouse cortical neurons using glucose as only fuel, activation by NMDA elicits a strong workload (ATP demand)-dependent on Na+and Ca2+entry, and stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, pyruvate and lactate production, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a Ca2+-dependent way. We find that Ca2+upregulation of glycolysis, pyruvate levels, and respiration, but not glucose uptake, all depend on Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12, the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier, component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). MAS activation increases glycolysis, pyruvate production, and respiration, a process inhibited in the presence of BAPTA-AM, suggesting that the Ca2+binding motifs in Aralar may be involved in the activation. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) silencing had no effect, indicating that none of these processes required MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+uptake. The neuronal respiratory response to carbachol was also dependent on Aralar, but not on MCU. We find that mouse cortical neurons are endowed with a constitutive ER-to-mitochondria Ca2+flow maintaining basal cell bioenergetics in which ryanodine receptors, RyR2, rather than InsP3R, are responsible for Ca2+release, and in which MCU does not participate. The results reveal that, in neurons using glucose, MCU does not participate in OXPHOS regulation under basal or stimulated conditions, while Aralar-MAS appears as the major Ca2+-dependent pathway tuning simultaneously glycolysis and OXPHOS to neuronal activation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal activation increases cell workload to restore ion gradients altered by activation. Ca2+is involved in matching increased workload with ATP production, but the mechanisms are still unknown. We find that glycolysis, pyruvate production, and neuronal respiration are stimulated on neuronal activation in a Ca2+-dependent way, independently of effects of Ca2+as workload inducer. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) does not play a relevant role in Ca2+stimulated pyruvate production and oxygen consumption as both are unchanged in MCU silenced neurons. However, Ca2+stimulation is blunt in the absence of Aralar, a Ca2+-binding mitochondrial carrier component of Malate-Aspartate Shuttle (MAS). The results suggest that Ca2+-regulated Aralar-MAS activation upregulates glycolysis and pyruvate production, which fuels mitochondrial respiration, through regulation of cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio.
Spectral Distribution Dynamics across Different Attentional Priority States
Authors: Pietrelli Mattia , Samaha Jason , Postle Bradley R. 
Published: May 2022

Anticipatory covert spatial attention improves performance on tests of visual detection and discrimination, and shifts are accompanied by decreases and increases of α band power at electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes corresponding to the attended and unattended location, respectively. Although the increase at the unattended location is often interpreted as an active mechanism (e.g., inhibiting processing at the unattended location), most experiments cannot rule out the alternative possibility that it is a secondary consequence of selection elsewhere. To adjudicate between these accounts, we designed a Posner-style visual cueing task in which male and female human participants made orientation judgments of targets appearing at one of four locations: up, down, right, or left. Critically, trials were blocked such that within a block the locations along one meridian alternated in status between attended and unattended, and targets never appeared at the other two, making them irrelevant. Analyses of the concurrently measured EEG signal were conducted on “traditional” narrowband α (8–14 Hz), as well as on two components resulting from the decomposition of this signal: “periodic” α; and the slope of the aperiodic 1/f-like component. Although data from right-left blocks replicated the familiar pattern of lateralized asymmetry in narrowband α power, with neither α signal could we find evidence for any difference in the time course at unattended versus irrelevant locations, an outcome consistent with the secondary-consequence interpretation of attention-related dynamics in the α band. Additionally, 1/f slope was shallower at attended and unattended locations, relative to irrelevant, suggesting a tonic adjustment of physiological state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual spatial attention, the prioritization of one location in the visual field, is critical for guiding behavior in cluttered environments. Although influential theories posit an important role for α band oscillations in the inhibition of processing at unattended locations, we used a novel procedure to find evidence for an alternative interpretation: selection of one location may simply result in a return to physiological baseline at all others. In addition to determining one way that attention does not work (important for future progress in this field), we also discovered novel evidence for one way that it does work: by modifying the tonic physiological state (indexed by an aperiodic component of the electroencephalography (EEG)] at locations where spatial selection is likely to occur.
Perinatal Opioid Exposure Results in Persistent Hypoconnectivity of Excitatory Circuits and Reduced Activity Correlations in Mouse Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Xue Binghan , Alipio Jason B. , Kao Joseph P. Y. , Kanold Patrick O. 
Published: May 2022

Opioid use by pregnant women results in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and lifelong neurobehavioral deficits including language impairments. Animal models of NOWS show impaired performance in a two-tone auditory discrimination task, suggesting abnormalities in sensory processing in the auditory cortex. To investigate the consequences of perinatal opioid exposure on auditory cortex circuits, we administered fentanyl to mouse dams in their drinking water throughout gestation and until litters were weaned at postnatal day (P)21. We then usedin vivotwo-photon Ca2+imaging in adult animals of both sexes to investigate how primary auditory cortex (A1) function was altered. Perinatally exposed animals showed fewer sound-responsive neurons in A1, and the remaining sound-responsive cells exhibited lower response amplitudes but normal frequency selectivity and stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). Populations of nearby layer 2/3 (L2/3) cells in exposed animals showed reduced correlated activity, suggesting a reduction of shared inputs. We then investigated A1 microcircuits to L2/3 cells by performing laser-scanning photostimulation (LSPS) combined with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from A1 L2/3 cells. L2/3 cells in exposed animals showed functional hypoconnectivity of excitatory circuits of ascending inputs from L4 and L5/6 to L2/3, while inhibitory connections were unchanged, leading to an altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. These results suggest a specific reduction in excitatory ascending interlaminar cortical circuits resulting in decreased activity correlations after fentanyl exposure. We speculate that these changes in cortical circuits contribute to the impaired auditory discrimination ability after perinatal opioid exposure.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study to investigate the functional effects of perinatal fentanyl exposure on the auditory cortex. Experiments show that perinatal fentanyl exposure results in decreased excitatory functional circuits and altered population activity in primary sensory areas in adult mice. These circuit changes might underlie the observed language and cognitive deficits in infants exposed to opioids.
Studentsâ€™ Attitudes toward Teachersâ€™ Written Corrective Feedback and Their Writing Skill
Authors: Zahroh Raikhatuz , Mujiyanto Januarius , Saleh Mursid 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explain the studentsâ€™ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional attitudes toward teachersâ€™ written corrective feedback, as well as the studentsâ€™ competence in writing skill. It is a quantitative research which was designed to prove the hypothesis with statistical analysis. The population of this study is the 3rd semester students of the English Education program of UNISNU Jepara Indonesia in the academic year of 2018/2019. The questionnaire participants are fifty students of two classes participating as the sample. The interview utilized open-ended questions. To collect data, questionnaire, interview and writing test were applied. In analyzing the data, this study uses SPSS software. The result shows that in the term of the studentsâ€™ writing skill, the mean score of first test from 50 test takers was 71.1 with the lowest score 52 and highest score 92. The second test shows the mean score was 77.8 and increased 6.7 points. The third test shows the mean score was 80.3 and increased 2.5 points. Thus, there was significant increased mean score from first test to last test. There was positive treatment that given by teacher and the participantsâ€™ positive attitude toward teachersâ€™ corrective feedback. Then, the correlation result shows that score with 95% significant level and 50 participant is 0.572. Thus, the correlation between both variables can be categorized as moderate correlation. Therefore, studentsâ€™ attitudes can give moderate impact to studentsâ€™ writing skill. In sum, knowing studentsâ€™ attitude helps the teacher to achieve learning goals.
Realization of Maxim Flouting to Create Humour in Incredibles 2
Authors: Aristyanti Yullia Ayu , Sutopo Djoko , Yuliasri Issy 
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on the analysis of humour creations based on the Griceâ€™s cooperative maxim flouting. It applies descriptive qualitative study where we examined the utterances in Incredibles 2 were flouted to create humour. The results of the study showed that (1) There were 7 kinds of humour created from 19 flouting of quality maxims. (2) There were also 7 kinds of humour created from 45 flouting of quantity maxims. (3) There were only 9 kinds of humour created from 57 flouting of manner maxims. (4) On the flouting of relation maxims, all 11 humour categories were fulfilled from 59 flouting of relation maxims. Furthermore, it is suggested that through the occurance of maxim flouting in the movie especially animation genre which is addressed to the audience gives the knowledge about conversational implicatures. With regard to the creation of humour, it is suggested that the humour is not only a deviation of the cooperative principle and its maxims. Other theory of pragmatics can also be used to analyze the humour such as, politeness principle and also the acts of speech acts.
The Use of Code-Switching in EFL Classroom Instruction and Interaction
Authors: Munawaroh Hajar , Hartono Rudi , Sakhiyya Zulfa 
Published: May 2022

This study investigates code-switching in an EFL online classroom interaction. The research data were gathered by using fieldnotes, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews on one hundred and twenty students and three English teachers. It demonstrates that both teachers and students code-switched during online English lessons. Tag switching and establishing continuity with the previous speaker were mostly used which reached 38.4%, inter-sentential switching15.5%, and intra-sentential 7.7%. respectively. In terms of the language, the findings show that classroom interaction was dominated by the use of Bahasa Indonesia 74.0%, English 52.8%, and Sundanese 16.5%. Code-switching was effective for teachers and students in EFL learning. It proved to 1) significantly influence students' activeness, 2) encourage and give better feedback to students through alternative reinforcement, and 3) encourage better teachers’ and students’ negotiation. With regard to efficiency, conveying meaning of the materials and bringing the project as well as assignment were essential. Nevertheless, some issues came up as a consequence of the Covid -19 outbreaks. Notably, some factors affecting the results were 1) the internet connection, 2) the students’ attendance, and 3) balance. Those results suggest that the potential next research is more likely to respond to students' need to campaign online learning to be better.
Some issues come up as consequent of covid-19 outbreaks. Notably, some factors mentioned: (1) the stable or unstable internet connection, (2) the presence of students, and (3) balance. Those results suggest that the potential next research is more likely to respond students’ need to campaign online learning to be better.

Keywords: codeswitching, EFL, online learning interaction and instruction
Translation Errors in Studentsâ€™ Indonesian-English Translation Practice
Authors: Koman Hanifah Nur Najibah , Hartono Rudi , Yuliasri Issy 
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the translation errors in Indonesian-English translation practice that were made by the students. It is based on the research in English Education Undergraduate Program, UNNES. Descriptive qualitative research method, specifically qualitative data analysis was used in this research. The subjects of the study were the students in Indonesian-English Translation Course. The object of the research was the Indonesian-English translation product, produced by the students. The object of the study was translation products which were produced by the students. The data were collected by using a translation test, questionnaires, and interviews. Moreover, the data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis. The result of the analysis showed that there were 21 translation errors of 26 error categories according to ATAâ€™s Framework for Standardized Error Making. In conclusion, the three most prominent error categories made by the students were grammar, syntax, and faithfulness error. The errors were mostly influenced by extratextual factors such as sender, intention, recipient, medium, time, motive, and text function. In addition, lexis was also an influencing factor in making errors.
Egy másik Phyllis és Flora
Authors: Tuhári Attila 
Published: May 2022

A középkori vágánsköltészet legkiemelkedőbb alkotásainak egyike a manapság Phyllis és Flora néven ismertté vált költemény, amely számos, különböző terjedelmű részeit megőrző kéziratban maradt ránk. Ezek között megtalálható egy meglehetősen különös szövegváltozat, amely mind tartalmában, mind terjedelmében jelentős eltéréseket mutat a többi kézirat szövegéhez képest: ez a költemény kezdeti nyolc strófája után mindössze hét hozzáköltött versszakkal le is zárul. Felfedezését követően a kutatás ugyan látóterében tartotta a kéziratot, ám pusztán az első nyolc strófa egy meglehetősen romlott szövegtanújaként tekintett rá. Szerencsés módon azonban nemrég előkerült az említett kézirat egy másik, megközelítőleg azonos időben keletkezett példánya is, amely alapvetően megváltoztatja az említett kézirathoz fűződő viszonyulásunkat: ezzel ugyanis nyilvánvalóvá lett, hogy nem csupán egyszeri, lejegyzője fejéből kipattant alkotásról beszélhetünk, hanem az említett vágánsköltemény egy kései változatáról, amely minden bizonnyal szélesebb körben is ismeretes lehetett, és amely keletkezési ideje okán a formain kívül gyökeres tartalmi, felfogásbeli, sőt műfaji eltéréseket mutat az eredeti költeményhez képest.Without doubt, one of the most outstanding piece of the goliard poetry is the anonymous poem which nowadays become known as Phyllis et Flora (Altercatio Phyllidis et Florae). It was preserved to us in many manuscripts, whose each one contains parts of diff erent length of this poem. One of these copies especially diff ers from any of others: it preserves a complete poem that begins with the eight initial stanzas of the original poem, and continues with seven new-composed stanzas until its end. After the discovery of this manuscript, it become part of the tradition of the poem although it was considered just as a very corrupt witness of the poem’s fi rst eight stanzas. However, in the recent past, thanks to a lucky occasion, it was discovered a second copy of this variant poem, transcribed at the same period as the already known one. Th e new discovery fundamentally changes our relation to the variant: the new copy has made it obvious, that this is not a peculiar composition of the fantasy of its scribe, but a self-suffi cient late variant of the original poem, which had been supposedly more widespread, than its traces testify. Not only the radical alteration of its length, but – due to its late construction – that of its content and thought is also remarkable.