bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BUILDING AN INCLUSIVE ORGANIZATIONAL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: White James D. , White Krista 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe lead author, the former chair, CEO, and president of Jamba Juice, discusses how organizations can work on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), to make a significant difference internally and externally. According to the authors, “one business leader can’t change the whole world, but you do have the power to build a stronger, more diverse ecosystem for all of your stakeholders: consumers, communities, suppliers, employees and investors. A business ecosystem that espouses the same values you’ve brought to the rest of your business, eliminating bias and racism and assuring justice and equity for all, will wield a powerful influence.” The authors also discuss “establishing an inclusive culture throughout your entire supply chain. You can’t build an intentional culture without the support and participation of your vendors, suppliers, producers, subcontractors, and all other participants in your network. Moreover, as you intentionally build an inclusive supply chain by working with companies owned or operated by people of color, women, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community, you help build wealth within underserved populations.” Finally, they note that “the hard work of dismantling long held systems of inequality will take time, but will help create the foundation for a new paradigm of equality.”
Trends in Polymer Degradation Across All Scales
Authors: Veskova Juliet , Sbordone Federica , Frisch Hendrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of sustainable plastic materials will be flanked with conscious resource management, waste recovery frameworks, and social change. Nonetheless, developing strategies toward controlled polymer degradation remains a key challenge—whether as a failsafe mechanism for materials that escape the resource recovery cycle, or where distinct degradation pathways are required for specific applications such as in the biomedical realm. This perspective highlights recent trends, challenges, and future strategies on three levels: 1) On the materials level, by the incorporation of enzymes into polymer materials that catalyze polymer degradation under benign conditions; 2) On the domain level, crystalline segments of polymer materials are often inert, even to enzymatically catalyzed degradation. Gaining an understanding of the mode of interaction between enzymes and polymer chains is key to controlling degradation of all polymer morphologies within materials. Processive depolymerization mechanisms, where the enzyme binds polymer chain ends and depolymerizes along the chain are extremely promising for efficient polymer degradation; 3) On the molecular level, where polyesters exhibit enzymatic targets of ester bonds through their polymer backbone, poly(alkene)s c of all carbon backbones. To enable degradation of this most abundant class of polymers, strategies must be developed to incorporate enzymatic targets into the backbone.
Microspheres Modified with Superhydrophobic Non‐Woven Fabric with High‐Efficiency Oil–Water Separation: Controlled Water Content in PLA Solution
Authors: Yuan Huan , Zhang Mingtao , Pan Yamin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Chen Qiang , Liu Xianhu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor environmental pollution, it is important to separate oil from water resulting from industrial wastewater and oil spillage. Therefore, exploring various environmentally friendly materials for oil–water separation is essential. Herein, microspheres modified with superhydrophobic non‐woven fabrics with self‐cleaning ability are fabricated through a simplified, green, and low‐cost method. The optimal superhydrophobic fabric exhibits a water contact angle of 153° and excellent separation efficiency, higher than 97% after ten cycles. Meanwhile, it shows an outstanding self‐cleaning ability that makes it extremely promising for the treatment of oil pollution in practical applications.
Weakly compact sets and weakly compact pointwise multipliers in Banach function lattices
Authors: Leśnik Karol , Maligranda Lech , Tomaszewski Jakub 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prove that the class of Banach function lattices in which all relatively weakly compact sets are equi‐integrable sets (i.e. spaces satisfying the Dunford–Pettis criterion) coincides with the class of 1‐disjointly homogeneous Banach lattices. New examples of such spaces are provided. Furthermore, it is shown that Dunford–Pettis criterion is equivalent to de la Valleé Poussin criterion in all rearrangement invariant spaces on the interval. Finally, the results are applied to characterize weakly compact pointwise multipliers between Banach function lattices.
Controlled Synthesis of Mesoporous π‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoarchitectures as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Limin , Li Wenda , Wu Yong , Wei Facai , Zhang Tingting , Fu Jianwei , Jing Chengbin , Cheng Jiangong , Liu Shaohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConjugated polymers possess better electron conductivity due to large π‐electron conjugated configuration endowing them significant scientific and technological interest. However, the obvious deficiency of active‐site underutilization impairs their electrochemical performance. Therefore, designing and engineering π‐conjugated polymers with rich redox functional groups and mesoporous architectures could offer new opportunities for them in these emerging applications and further expand their application scopes. Herein, a series of 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB)‐based π‐conjugated mesoporous polymers (π‐CMPs) are constructed by one‐pot emulsion‐induced interface assembly strategy. Furthermore, co‐induced in situ polymerization on 2D interfaces by emulsion and micelles is explored, which delivers sandwiched 2D mesoporous π‐CMPs‐coated graphene oxides (GO@mPTAPB). Benefiting from specific redox‐active functional groups, excellent electron conductivity and a 2D mesoporous conjugated framework, GO@mPTAPB exhibits high capability of accommodating Li+ anions (up to 382 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and outstanding electrochemical stability (87.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). The ex situ Raman and impedance spectra are further applied to reveal the high reversibility of GO@mPTAPB. This work will greatly promote the development of advanced π‐CMPs‐based organic anodes toward energy storage devices.
Synthesis of Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Nanoassemblies and their Coating Application
Authors: Shao Guangran , Yu Yuewen , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), convenient synthesis of concentrated block copolymer nanoassemblies dispersed in solvent has been achieved. Now, application of block copolymer nanoassemblies should be paid more attention. In this study, corona‐cross‐linked block copolymer nanoparticles of poly[dimethylacrylamide‐co‐(diacetone acrylamide)]‐b‐polystyrene [P(DMA‐co‐DAAM)‐b‐PS] containing the poly(DAAM) segment in the hydrophilic P(DMA‐co‐DAAM) block are synthesized initially by PISA following dispersion reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and then by covalent intraparticle cross‐linking through the poly(DAAM) segment and adipic acid dihydrazide. Coating application of the corona‐cross‐linked block copolymer nanoassemblies is tried, and much higher water resistance of the corona‐cross‐linked block copolymer nanoassemblies than that of the linear block copolymer nanoassemblies is demonstrated.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Bacterial Activity of Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) Complexes with Ligands of Thymine, Uracil Thiuram Disulfur, and Cyclic Amines
Authors: Mohammed Modher Y. , Abdel Karim Mohamed G. , Abdul Karim Hind M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research includes synthesis and characterization of some homogeneous binuclear complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) with mixed ligands of thiuram, uracil thiuram disulfur or thymine thiuram disulfur, and cyclic amines. The formed complexes have the general formula of [M2(L)1(amin)2] where L = (thymine thiuram disulfur), (uracil thiuram disulfur) = (T‐TDS), (U‐TDS), amin = (1,10‐Phen.) (2,2′‐BiPy.), and M = Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II). The synthesized complexes are characterized using the micro‐elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), electrical molar conductivity, magnetic sensitivity, and spectra methods (UV–Vis, IR and 1H NMR, 13C‐{1H}NMR). Antibacterial activity of ligands and complexes is evaluated with two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aurous (gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (gram‐negative). According to the results obtained from physical and spectroscopic measurements, the complexes of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) have tetrahedral geometry and the palladium(II) complexes are square planar.
Magnetic Properties and Structural Analysis of Ce‐Doped Mg–Cr Nano‐Ferrites Synthesized Using Auto‐Combustion Technique
Authors: Ahmed Omar A. , Abed Ahmed H. , Al‐Saadi Tagreed M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spinel sequenced structure is prepared using the sol–gel technique to study the influence of cerium metal onto the structure, magnetic, and morphological properties of MgCr0.5‐xCexFe1.5O4(x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) ferrites. The formation of a magnesium ferrite phase is confirmed for all prepared samples by using X‐ray diffraction, and the structural properties are studied. It is found that the lattice constant increases with the increase in the cerium content, which ranges between (8.35 and 8.45) Å, also found the crystallite size ranges between (8.25 and 17.51) nm. On the other hand, the images of SEM appear existence of agglomeration, distinct nanoparticles of the samples with not uniform distribution of broader grain size. EDX analysis confirms there are no other elements as impurities are detected in synthesized samples. Magnetic measurements by VSM made at room temperature reveal that the magnetization value decreases tox= 0.01 and then increases with the content of Ce3+ions. The magnetic nature of the doping samples does not play a major role in determining the final magnetic properties of the compound. Rather, the cation distribution is an important parameter. These properties reveal the super‐magnetic nature of the cerium‐saturated Mg nanoparticles and may be convenient for catalysts and moisture sensors.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of New Dimmer Compounds
Authors: Buniya Meaad K. , Mohammada Abdulkarim‐Talaq , Al‐Majidi Suaad Mohammed Husain 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of a non‐symmetric dimmer of the type 4‐((4‐(((4‐(bromoalkyloxy)benzylidene)amino)methyl)benyl)imino)methyl)phenyl‐4‐(alkyloxy)benzoate contains Br terminal atoms are synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of these compounds possessed four aromatic rings interconnected via two azomethine linking groups. In each molecule, the two identical methylene spacers vary from either C4H8 or C6H12 are present. The synthesized compounds are characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The results demonstrate the formation of the suggested structures of the prepared structures.
Graded Photonic Crystal as Improved Sensor for Nanobiophotonic Application
Authors: Ankita  , Bissa Shivangi , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Bhargava Anami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present communication, graded photonic crystal with defect layer is introduced to investigate a biosensor application. The study uses the well‐known transfer matrix method to calculate the transmission spectra. One‐dimensional photonic crystal with defect layer is used to obtain the sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit of the proposed device. The angular dependence of localized mode is used to improve the sensing parameters. The sensor parameters can be significantly improved with the graded thickness parameter for the proposed structure.
The Study of Relationship Between Multiple Myeloma and Some Trace Elements in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Mohammed Abdulameer Jasim , Gate Abbas Mohsin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by the malignant plasma cells proliferation through the bone marrow, often without symptoms, the cause of MM disease is unknown. Abnormal antibodies produce by the abnormal plasma cells, which can lead to renal problems and extremely thick blood. The plasma cells can form a mass in the bone marrow soft tissue. The diagnosing of MM is based on finding abnormal antibodies in blood or urine, trace elements are much important to an organism for their cell functions at the chemical, biological, and molecular levels. Examination of trace elements may be useful for diagnosing MM.
Studying the Cytotoxic Activity of Newly Designed and Synthesized HDAC Inhibitors Derivatives of Pentanoyl Anilide‐5‐Biguanide
Authors: Sagheer Othman Makki , Mohammed Mohammed Hassan , Wadi Jaafar S. , Ibraheem Zaid O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC‐Is) have suggested to be a promising class of anticancer agents that are used for many types of cancer and they are proposed to be new treatment for breast cancer (BC) management. Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) play an important role in BC development and progression where found to be overexpressed in the cancer cells, therefore the inhibition of these enzymes may be the key to develop new anticancer agents against BC. The study aims to synthesize three newly designed molecules derived from fusion of acylanilide part of well‐known HDAC inhibitor vorinostat with the biguanide part of metformin to get molecules are synthesized successfully as follows: pentanoyl anilide‐5‐biguanide (12), pentanoyl para‐fluoroanilide‐5‐biguanide (13), and pentanoyl para‐chloroanilide‐5‐biguanide (14). The in silico study using docking programs, SeeSAR and Chimera programs, to find and assess the inhibitory effect of these analogues against HDAC enzymes (HDAC1, 2, and 3) is deducted. Then, the practical synthesis, purification, and identification are performed. The determination of cytotoxicity for these newly synthesized analogues against MCF‐7 cell line of BC is done through MTT stain method. The results obtained reveal considerable inhibition of cancer growth with IC50 range 78.95–99.18 µM. These newly synthesized analogues may be represented as promising line for the discovery of new agents fighting BC in addition to other types of cancer.
The Effect of Gamma Rays on Some Electrical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Dissolved in Distill Water
Authors: Rahi Saad Khalid , Shaker Ishraq Ahmed , Hadi Aqeel Karim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, some electrical properties of (polyethylene glycol [PEG]) which is dissolved in distal water after and before irradiation by (γ‐ray) (60Co) with dose of (8000 rad) and average radiation (320 rad min−1) for (25 min) have been studied. The study of electrical properties has included two lines; first the measurement of capacity, electrical conductivity of (PEG), and second the calculation of dielectric constant and molar conductivity. It has been founded that the capacitance, electrical dielectric constants, and conductivity are increased after irradiation and increased with increasing of concentration and also after irradiation but the molar conductivity is decreased with increasing of the concentration. The temperature is constant approximate to room temperature (25°C) in all calculated measurements. The cross linking of polymer chains is the main cause of the change in values of properties that may be resulted and then increased in the average viscosity molecular weight for material (PEG) used in research.
Studies on Ni–SnO2 Nanocomposites for Humidity Sensing Application
Authors: Modak Mrudul , Choudhari Upasana , Mahajan Sunil , Hambir Shraddha , Jagtap Shweta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a hydrothermal method for synthesis of nickel‐doped tin oxide (Ni–SnO2) nanoparticles. The samples are characterized by different analysis techniques to understand their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The synthesized nanomaterials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, it is crystallized in a tetragonal rutile crystal structure and the crystallite size increases from ∼5 to ∼23 nm with the increasing nickel (Ni) doping concentration. The field emission electron microscopy demonstrates that in case of doping the addition of polyethylene glycol is responsible for the development of densely packed flower like bunches. Further, the synthesized n‐type SnO2 materials are systematically investigated for humidity sensing toward atmospheric moisture. The results indicate that nickel doping improves the performance of SnO2 sensor and is highly sensitive over a wide relative humidity (%RH) range from 10% to 100% at room temperature than pure SnO2. It is found that the resistance of the films decreases with increasing RH as the multilayer stacking of water molecules occurred on the surface of synthesized nanomaterials. Also, the fast response time of 15 s and recovery time of 4 s are observed for the 5% nickel‐doped SnO2 sensor. This improved sensing performance is attributed to nickel doping as doping developed the proportions of oxygen vacancy and improves the large surface to volume ratio as well as exhibited high conductivity. Thus, the doping of SnO2 nanoparticles with Ni should be a promising approach for designing and fabricating the high‐performance humidity sensor.
Effects of Lean Pork on Microbiota and Microbial‐Metabolite Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide: A Randomized Controlled Non‐Inferiority Feeding Trial Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Authors: Dhakal Samitinjaya , Moazzami Zahra , Perry Cydne , Dey Moul 
Published: February 2022

ScopeTrimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) is a microbiota‐dependent and primarily animal‐protein‐derived proatherogenic metabolite. The ecological impact of pork—the most popular animal protein worldwide—on the human microbiome, and in the physiological context of TMAO and other biogenic amines, remains unknown. Poultry being the recommended heart‐healthier animal protein, we investigated—if pork intake results in inferior‐to‐chicken TMAO‐response while consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).Methods and ResultsIn a randomized, controlled, all‐food‐provided, crossover, feeding trial, healthy adults consumed 156 g day−1 of lean‐pork or chicken (active‐control) as primary proteins. Mixed‐effect modeling shows pork as noninferior to chicken for circulating TMAO response and microbiota‐generated essential TMAO‐precursor—trimethylamine (97.5% CI, n = 36/protein). Markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, serum levels of betaine, choline, L‐carnitine, composition and functional‐capability of the microbiota, and association of baseline TMAO‐levels with TMAO‐response (both, r > 0.6, p = 0.0001) are nondistinguishable between the protein groups. TMAO reduction and similar shifts in microbiota and biogenic‐amine signatures postdiet in both groups indicate a background DGA‐effect.ConclusionUnlike extrapolating negative results, this study presents noninferiority‐testing based evidence. Consuming pork as a predominant protein within an omnivorous DGA‐diet does not exacerbate TMAO‐response. Results highlight the importance of understanding protein‐TMAO interactions within dietary patterns.
Construction of artificial intelligence system of carpal bone age for Chinese children based on China‐05 standard
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Miao , Cheng Meiying , Yue Xiang , Li Wenxu , Li Cong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to construct an automatic carpal bone age evaluation system for Chinese children based on TW3‐C Carpal method by deep learning and to evaluate the accuracies in test set and clinical test set.MethodsA total of 8184 radiographs of Chinese Han healthy children (2–14 years old) were collected from the 2005 China Skeletal Development Survey data and from the accumulated radiographs in bone age studies over the years. Three experienced radiologists and the China‐05 standard maker jointly evaluated each bone development stage, and the consensual stage was decided as the reference standard. According to each epiphysis development stage, 10% of them were derived by stratified random sampling as test sets, and the remaining radiographs were used as training sets and validation sets. Furthermore, the overall performance of the model was estimated by comparing the mean difference, 95% limits of agreement, mean absolute difference (MAD) and root mean square (RMS) between the model predictions and the reference standard.ResultsThe percentage agreement of ratings in each epiphysis in the test set ranged from 82.82% to 90.06%, with an average of 86.94%. Compared with the reference standard, the automated bone age system has a mean difference of 0.01 years old, ± 0.45 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, an 85.93% percentage agreement of ratings, a 90.5% bone age accuracy rate, 0.20 years old of MAD, and 0.32 years old of RMS in the clinical test set.ConclusionsThe automatic bone age system for Chinese children has a comparable accuracy and stable determination compared with experienced radiologists.
Phthalide metabolites produced by mangrove endophytic fungusPestalotiopsissp. SAS4
Authors: Peng Jiayin , Chen Peiwen , Li Chuwen , Liu Juntao , Sun Yijun , Yang Mingze , Ding Bo , Huang Hongbo , Tao Yiwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo new phthalide derivatives (1–2) and four known phthalide compounds (3–6) were purified from the culture of a mangrove endophytic fungusPestalotiopsissp. SAS4. Their chemical structures were established by analyses of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS) spectroscopic data. All of these compounds were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and resistance to hypoxic–ischemic injury activities.
Respiratory‐triggered quantitative MR spectroscopy of the human cervical spinal cord at 7 T
Authors: Roussel Tangi , Le Fur Yann , Guye Maxime , Viout Patrick , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Callot Virginie 
Published: February 2022

PurposeUltra‐high field H MR spectroscopy (MRS) is of great interest to help characterizing human spinal cord pathologies. However, very few studies have been reported so far in this small size structure at these fields due to challenging experimental difficulties caused by static and radiofrequency field heterogeneities, as well as physiological motion. In this work, in line with the recent developments proposed to strengthen spinal cord MRS feasibility at 7 T, a respiratory‐triggered acquisition approach was optimized to compensate for dynamic B field heterogeneities and to provide robust cervical spinal cord MRS data.MethodsA semi‐LASER sequence was purposely used, and a dedicated raw data processing algorithm was developed to enhance MR spectral quality by discarding corrupted scans. To legitimate the choices done during the optimization stage, additional tests were carried out to determine the impact of breathing, voluntary motion, body mass index, and fitting algorithm. An in‐house quantification tool was concomitantly designed for accurate estimation of the metabolite concentration ratios for choline, N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), myo‐inositol and glutathione. The method was tested on a cohort of 14 healthy volunteers.ResultsAverage water linewidth and NAA signal‐to‐noise ratio reached 0.04 ppm and 11.01, respectively. The group‐average metabolic ratios were in good agreement with previous studies and showed intersession reproducibility variations below 30%.ConclusionThe developed approach allows a rise of the acquired MRS signal quality and of the quantification robustness as compared to previous studies hence offering strengthened possibilities to probe the metabolism of degenerative and traumatic spinal cord pathologies.