bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deployment of multiservice code in FSO-based hybrid subcarrier system
Authors: Alnassar Ghusoon , Mohammed Husam Abduldaem , Taiwo Ambali , Anas Siti Barirah Ahmad , Mokhtar Makhfudzah Binti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research aims to investigate and improve multi-user free space optic systems (FSO) based on a hybrid subcarrier multiplexing spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SCM-SAC-OCDMA) technique using MS code with a direct decoding technique. The performance is observed under different weather conditions including clear, rain, and haze conditions. The investigation includes analyzing the proposed system mathematically using MATLAB and OptiSystem software. The simulation is carried out using a laser diode. Furthermore, the performances of the MS code in terms of angles of bit rate, beam divergence and noise are evaluated based on bit error rate (BER), received power, and transmission distance. The performance of the MS code-based system was subsequently compared with Khazani Syed code (KS), multi-diagonal (MD), and modified quadratic congruence code (MQC) codes under different weather conditions at a bit rate of 1 Gb/s and BER threshold of 10−9. Heavy rain indicates the worst performance in terms of transmission distance of 0.9 km. Nevertheless, the system designed using the MS code outperformed the KS, MD and MQC systems as it is capable of supporting up to 6.3, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.5 km, respectively, under clear weather. In conclusion, this study provides a means of improving FSO communications that suits tropical and Malaysia weather conditions.
A reach enhanced hybrid OCDMA-MDM multiplexing based IsOWC system incorporating EDFA, SOA, and RFA
Authors: Sachdeva Shippu , Pahuja Hunny , Sindhwani Manoj , Arora Krishan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reach enhancement in inter-satellite optical wireless communication systems (IsOWC) is an utmost requirement due to ever-increasing internet usage all over the globe. Optical code division multiplexing is prominently incorporated for security enhancement in IsOWC systems, however, limited in terms of total reach. Therefore, in this work, a 120 Gbps capacity-based hybrid OCDMA and mode division multiplexed (MDM) IsOWC is presented using different optical amplifiers such as semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and Raman fiber amplifier (RFA). Moreover, the combined effects of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) with EDFA/SOA/RFA and Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes with EDFA/SOA/RFA amplifiers are investigated. Results revealed that the proposed system can cover 5000 km IsOWC link within acceptable BER limits and EDFA with LG modes is found to be the best technique.
Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Chuanfeng , Pan Ruirui , Ma Shuangshuang , Xu Shoucai , Wang Baosheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that some anesthesia drugs can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. As a clinical anesthetic drug, dezocine has been reported to play an important role in immune function. However, the effects of dezocine on ovarian cancer cell growth and metastasis are not fully understood. In this study, we found that dezocine dose-dependently inhibited the viability of ES-2 and SKOV3 cells. Dezocine suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of ovarian cancer cells, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was also inhibited by dezocine. Furthermore, mechanism study showed that dezocine could significantly inhibit the expression of CRABP2, and CRABP2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of dezocine on ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, dezocine has significant anti-tumor effects on the growth and metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells, and CRABP2 functions as a downstream effector of dezocine.
Review on the chemical reduction modelling of hematite iron ore to magnetite in fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Soni Rahul K. , Chinthapudi Eswaraiah , Tripathy Sunil K. , Bose Manaswita , Goswami Partha S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Steel production is considered as one of the major backbones of many economies. Though blast furnace is the primary route of steel production, the industries are willing to alternatives technologies such as the high temperature-controlled conversion of hematite to magnetite. The geological and mineralogical characteristics of the low-grade iron ores possess difficulties in their conventional enrichment. The literature concludes the advantages of high-temperature conversion in terms of easiness in downstream operations caused by decreased hardness and increased magnetic susceptibility of magnetite. The modelling work has been primarily focused on the direct reduction of iron ore to metallic iron. The present compilation discusses the scientific and engineering developments on the reduction-roasting of iron-ore followed by the CFD–DEM modelling and simulation work performed to reduce iron ore to magnetite. It provides a comprehensive review of the experimental and industrial progress done in the area.
On mass dynamics in a closed ecological system, determined with a prototype vacuum mass comparator – a methodological validation study
Authors: Lintzen Thomas , Pabst Markus , Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work was to validate a novel methodology for high-resolution, repetitive measurements of mass dynamics of biological processes and structures in a closed plant-earth ecosystem consisting of Mammillaria vetula and microorganisms. To perform these experiments, the living system was materially welded into a newly developed Titanium Weighing Hollow Body (TWHB) with a laser. Three non-vital, also hermetically welded and high-vacuum suitable, externally identical TWHBs, filled with sand, served as controls. All TWHBs were equipped with a feedthrough and integrated light source. LEDs generated continuous light in all four bodies, which drove the photobiological processes in the vital test body and allowed long-term growth. Mass differences of the TWHBs were measured with a vacuum mass comparator at four points in time three months apart against two stainless steel mass standards. The expanded measurement uncertainty of the mass increase of the vital TWHB was calculated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) in each of the three independent experiments. The mass gain of the vital over the three nonvital TWHBs over the total experimental period of 9 months was +18 μg with the expanded measurement uncertainty 30 μg. The resulting mass gain would have had to be

>
48

μ
g

$ > 48\enspace {\upmu }\mathrm{g}$

to be considered statistically significant with a confidence level of 97.7%; time intervals over three and six months were also not significant. The study validates for the first time a methodology capable of measuring mass dynamics of living matter over time, when statistically sound conclusions with measurement uncertainties in the microgram range are required. This opens up a new level of precision mass measurements, which makes the methodology a candidate, e.g., for the verification of the principle of mass conservation in the life-sciences.
Tilt in Place Microscopy: a Simple, Low-Cost Solution to Image Neural Responses to Body Rotations
Authors: Hamling Kyla R. , Zhu Yunlu , Auer Franziska , Schoppik David 
Published: December 2022

Animals use information about gravity and other destabilizing forces to balance and navigate through their environment. Measuring how brains respond to these forces requires considerable technical knowledge and/or financial resources. We present a simple alternative—Tilt In Place Microscopy (TIPM), a low-cost and noninvasive way to measure neural activity following rapid changes in body orientation. Here, we used TIPM to study vestibulospinal neurons in larval zebrafish during and immediately after roll tilts. Vestibulospinal neurons responded with reliable increases in activity that varied as a function of ipsilateral tilt amplitude. TIPM differentiated tonic (i.e., sustained tilt) from phasic responses, revealing coarse topography of stimulus sensitivity in the lateral vestibular nucleus. Neuronal variability across repeated sessions was minor relative to trial-to-trial variability, allowing us to use TIPM for longitudinal studies of the same neurons across two developmental time points. There, we observed global increases in response strength and systematic changes in the neural representation of stimulus direction. Our data extend classical characterization of the body tilt representation by vestibulospinal neurons and establish the utility of TIPM to study the neural basis of balance, especially in developing animals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVestibular sensation influences everything from navigation to interoception. Here, we detail a straightforward, validated, and nearly universal approach to image how the nervous system senses and responds to body tilts. We use our new method to replicate and expand on past findings of tilt sensing by a conserved population of spinal-projecting vestibular neurons. The simplicity and broad compatibility of our approach will democratize the study of the response of the brain to destabilization, particularly across development.
NDP52 acts as a redox sensor in PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Kataura Tetsushi , Otten Elsje G , Rabanal‐Ruiz Yoana , Adriaenssens Elias , Urselli Francesca , Scialo Filippo , Fan Lanyu , Smith Graham R , Dawson William M , Chen Xingxiang , Yue Wyatt W , Bronowska Agnieszka K , Carroll Bernadette , Martens Sascha , Lazarou Michael , Korolchuk Viktor I 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMitophagy, the elimination of mitochondria via the autophagy‐lysosome pathway, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The best characterised mitophagy pathway is mediated by stabilisation of the protein kinase PINK1 and recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase Parkin to damaged mitochondria. Ubiquitinated mitochondrial surface proteins are recognised by autophagy receptors including NDP52 which initiate the formation of an autophagic vesicle around the mitochondria. Damaged mitochondria also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have been proposed to act as a signal for mitophagy, however the mechanism of ROS sensing is unknown. Here we found that oxidation of NDP52 is essential for the efficient PINK1/Parkin‐dependent mitophagy. We identified redox‐sensitive cysteine residues involved in disulphide bond formation and oligomerisation of NDP52 on damaged mitochondria. Oligomerisation of NDP52 facilitates the recruitment of autophagy machinery for rapid mitochondrial degradation. We propose that redox sensing by NDP52 allows mitophagy to function as a mechanism of oxidative stress response.
Efektifitas Metode Cooperative Script Untuk Meningkatkan Kosa Kata Siswa Kelas 10 SMK Negeri 2 Semarang Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin
Authors: Nail Nila Choirun , Anggraeni Anggraeni , Supriatnaningsih Rina , Prasetiani Dyah 
Published: December 2022

Bahasa mandarin mengalami perkembangan minat di SMA /SMK yang ada di Semarang khususnya di SMK Negeri 2 Semarang.namun,kemampuan kosa kata siswa masih tergolong rendah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kosa kata siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektifitas serta respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran cooperative. Adapun metode yang digunakan yaitu metode berpasangan jenis pembelajaran cooperative script. Data sampel berasal dari siswa kelas 10 SMK Negeri 2 Semarang, yang terdiri dari kelas kontrol (UPW 1 ) sebanyak 36 siswa, dan kelas eksperimen (UPW 2 ) sebanyak 36 siswa melalui angket dan post test. Data dianalisis dengan uji validitas dan r ealibilitas ser ta uji hipotesis. Hasil perbandingan post test antara kelas kontrol dengan kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai signifikan 0,422 0 ,520, dengan rata rata kelas kontrol 81,94 sedangkan kelas eksperimen 87,78. Adapun hasil angket ketertarikan siswa terhadap metode cooperative script dikelas menunjukkan sebanyak 61,1% siswa tertarik, 33,3% siswa netral dan 0,5% tidak setuju. Dengan demikian, model cooperative script mampu meningkatkan kemampuan kosa kata siswa jika dibanding dengan metode konvensional.Mandarin has experienced a development of interest in high schools / vocational schools in Semarang, especially at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. However, students' vocabulary skills are still relatively low. Therefore, appropriate learning methods are needed to improve students' vocabulary skills. This study aims to describe the effectiveness and student responses to the cooperative learning model. The method used is the paired method of cooperative script learning. The sample data came from 10th grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Semarang, which consisted of 36 students in the control class (UPW 1), and 36 students in the experimental class (UPW 2) through a questionnaire and post test. Data were analyzed by testing the validity and reliability as well as testing the hypothesis. The results of the post-test comparison between the control class and the experimental class had a significant value of 0.422 0.520, with an average control class of 81.94 while the experimental class was 87.78. The results of the student interest questionnaire on the cooperative script method in class showed that 61.1% of students were interested, 33.3% students were neutral and 0.5% disagreed. Thus, the cooperative script model is able to improve students' vocabulary skills when compared to the conventional method.
Video Based Deep CNN Model for Depression Detection
Authors: Tiwary Gyanendra , Chauhan Shivani , Goyal Krishan Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Our face reflects our feelings towards anything and everything we see, smell, teste or feel through any of our senses. Hence multiple attempts have been made since last few decades towards understanding the facial expressions. Emotion detection has numerous applications since Safe Driving, Health Monitoring Systems, Marketing and Advertising etc. We propose an Automatic Depression Detection (ADD) system based on Facial Expression Recognition (FER).
We propose a model to optimize the FER system for understanding seven basic emotions (joy, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust and neutral) and use it for detection of Depression Level in the subject. The proposed model will detect if a person is in depression and if so, up to what extent. Our model will be based on a Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN).
A New Hybrid Decision Tree Algorithm with K-Nearest Neighbour for Cross Border Payment Risks
Authors: Fu Jiaolong , Md. Saad Nor Hasliza 
Published: December 2022

The technological advancement have aided in the dramatic growth in solving payment risks through the E-Commerce Applications. While blockchain technology was first developed to underpin Bitcoin, its potential uses outside that digital currency are also being investigated. Blockchain technology can be used to speed up the process in transactions, offered secured platform and resolve payment risks. Earlier to this development, the organization and companies are on huge demand of a finding a right solution to solve the payment risks, have to travel across border in search of it. This challenge is overcome with the technological advancement with blockchain. In this research, cross border based DTA-KNN model. KNN is utilized to perform the analysis in comparison with the neighbor countries and DTA performs choosing the right payment gateway through cross-borders. The proposed model is compared with the existing algorithms such as DTA and KNN for the entire processes. The results show that the hybrid model has achieved higher accuracy of 99.89%.
Remote Seismoacoustic Constraints on the January 2022 VEI 4 Eruption in Tonga
Authors: Shih Min-Hung , Lai Ya-Chuan , Lin Cheng-Horng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe major eruption that occurred on 15 January 2022 on Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) in Tonga generated powerful acoustic waves that propagated through the atmosphere all over the world. Although the eruption energy was soon estimated from the acoustic waves and the ash cloud, its ranking on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is still debated. Here, we show the erupted magma volume can be calculated from the significant resonance of the remote seismoacoustic waves recorded in Taiwan. A resonant frequency (f) of ∼0.0117 Hz persisted for &gt;25 min was clearly recorded by both a dense broadband seismic array and also several infrasonic stations in Taiwan. If the volcanic cavity produced by the erupting magma is considered a classic Helmholtz resonator, then the f constrains the possible volume of the erupted magma to 0.215±0.015  km3. We may conclude that the major eruption on HTHH rated a 4 on the VEI scale. In addition to neutralization between low content of the sulfur dioxide and a huge amount of water, it is potentially too small to cause any significant climate change in 2022.
Community Based Participatory Research: A Ladder of Opportunity for Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education
Authors: Molosi-France Keneilwe , Dipholo Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

Higher Education the world over is recognized as a driver of development in the knowledge based economy. It is believed that Higher Education benefits the economy through the formation of human capital and building a knowledge base that contributes to solving problems in society. However, voices of frustration about graduates being unable to relate theory to practice in different contexts raises questions about the quality of teaching and learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Some reports have shown that graduates seem to leave HEI’ s disengaged, ill equipped, and unable to apply acquired university knowledge to real world problems. In addition, even though the mission of the university is inclusive of engagement among others, community engagement priority seems to be emphasized only on the part of faculty members and less so on students. This in part is a result of a curriculum that mainly promotes classroom based learning and the ivory tower mentality of HEI, which places the community in the periphery of knowledge and data production. This conceptual paper argues that in order for HEI’s to produce quality graduates, who are innovative and active citizens, a transformative teaching and learning scholarship that moves beyond “classroom-based theory” is necessary, more especially for students in applied fields of study such as community development. Borrowing from Nyerere’s educational philosophy, this paper posits that Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), with its collaborative inquiry, social action and service learning, may provide a basis for engaged scholarship of teaching and learning that promotes engagement for higher education students in applied fields of study. Thus, by exploring the concepts of engaged scholarship and CBPR and the nuances that exist between them, this paper seeks to underscore the importance of CBPR and how it can contribute to engaged scholarship for students.
Hemşirelik Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Etik Duyarlılıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KÜLEKCİ Emel , YILMAZ ŞAHİN Sibel , İYİGÜN Emine 
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin etik duyarlılıkları incelenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma Ankara ilinde bulunan bir devlet üniversitesinde son sınıfında öğrenim gören 92 son sınıf hemşirelik öğrencileri ile yapılmıştır. 2017-2018 Eğitim ve Öğretim yılının bahar döneminde yapılan çalışma tanımlayıcı türdedir. Verilerin toplanması için öğrencilerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini içeren veri toplama formu ve “Öğrenci Hemşireler İçin Uyarlanmış Etik Duyarlılık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin etik duyarlılık anketi toplam puan ortalamasının 4,89±0,4 olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyodemografik özellikleri açısından Öğrenci Hemşireler İçin Uyarlanmış Etik Duyarlılık Ölçeği ölçek toplam puanları açısından istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir fark bulunamazken ‘’Yardımseverlik” ve “Uzman Bilgisine Başvurma” “Kişiler Arası Oryantasyon” ve “Etik Anlam Oluşturma” alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır (p
Effect of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Illinois Children Tested for Blood Lead Level and Exposure
Authors: Fokum Frida D. , Entezar Tara , McAfee Kert 
Published: December 2022

Objectives. To determine whether the number of children tested for lead exposure and the number of case rates increased (rate ratio [RR] > 1), decreased (RR < 1), or remained stable (RR = 1) during COVID-19 pandemic year 2020 compared with prepandemic year 2019. Methods. We analyzed more than 415 000 children’s records reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health in 2019 and 2020 by demographic characteristics. The testing rate was the number of children tested yearly per population. The case rate was the proportion of children whose yearly tests showed a blood lead level of 5 or more micrograms per deciliter. RR was the 2020 case rate divided by the 2019 case rate. Results. In 2020, 19.6% of children were tested for lead compared with 25.5% in 2019. Testing decreased in 97% of counties. The 24% decreased testing in 2020 was notably in African Americans (36.4% decrease), high-risk zip codes (29.8% decrease), and rural counties (26.9% decrease). Case rates increased in rural counties, high-risk zip codes, Whites, and Hispanics. Conclusions. During pandemic year 2020, the number of children tested for lead decreased by 24%, and case rates increased in 51% of counties. Public Health Implications. Redesignation of high-risk zip codes is recommended to increase the testing of at-risk populations. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):89–95. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307109 )
SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death in Vaccinated and Infected Individuals by Age Groups in Indiana, 2021‒2022
Authors: Tu Wanzhu , Zhang Pengyue , Roberts Anna , Allen Katie S. , Williams Jennifer , Embi Peter , Grannis Shaun 
Published: December 2022

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of vaccine-induced immunity against new infections, all-cause emergency department (ED) and hospital visits, and mortality in Indiana. Methods. Combining statewide testing and immunization data with patient medical records, we matched individuals who received at least 1 dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines with individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on index date, age, gender, race/ethnicity, zip code, and clinical diagnoses. We compared the cumulative incidence of infection, all-cause ED visits, hospitalizations, and mortality. Results. We matched 267 847 pairs of individuals. Six months after the index date, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher in vaccine recipients (6.7%) than the previously infected (2.9%). All-cause mortality in the vaccinated, however, was 37% lower than that of the previously infected. The rates of all-cause ED visits and hospitalizations were 24% and 37% lower in the vaccinated than in the previously infected. Conclusions. The significantly lower rates of all-cause ED visits, hospitalizations, and mortality in the vaccinated highlight the real-world benefits of vaccination. The data raise questions about the wisdom of reliance on natural immunity when safe and effective vaccines are available. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):96–104. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307112 )