bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discharge instructions given to women following delivery by cesarean section in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Musabeyezu Juliet , Santos Jenna , Niyigena Anne , Uwimana Ange , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany , Boatin Adeline A. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveA scoping review of discharge instructions for women undergoing cesarean section (c-section) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodStudies were identified from PubMed, Globus Index Medicus, NiPAD, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases. Eligible papers included research based in a SSA country, published in English or French, and containing information on discharge instructions addressing general postnatal care, wound care, planning of future births, or postpartum depression targeted for women delivering by c-section. For analysis, we used the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews followed by a narrative synthesis. We assessed quality of evidence using the GRADE system.ResultsWe identified 78 eligible studies; 5 papers directly studied discharge protocols and 73 included information on discharge instructions in the context of a different study objective. 37 studies addressed wound care, with recommendations to return to a health facility for dressing changes and wound checks between 3 days to 6 weeks. 16 studies recommended antibiotic use at discharge, with 5 specifying a particular antibiotic. 19 studies provided recommendations around contraception and family planning, with 6 highlighting intrauterine device placement immediately after birth or 6-weeks postpartum and 6 studies discussing the importance of counselling services. Only 5 studies provided recommendations for the evaluation and management of postpartum depression in c-section patients; these studies screened for depression at 4–8 weeks postpartum and highlighted connections between c-section delivery and the loss of self-esteem as well as connections between emergency c-section delivery and psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionFew studies in SSA directly examine discharge protocols and instructions for women following c-section. Those available demonstrate wide variation in recommendations. Research is needed to develop structured evidence-based instructions with clear timelines for women. These instructions should account for financial burden, access to resources, and education of patients and communities.
Barriers for health care access affects maternal continuum of care utilization in Ethiopia; spatial analysis and generalized estimating equation
Authors: Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Yeshaw Yigizie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Worku Misganaw Gebrie 
Published: April 2022

Background
Although Ethiopia had made a significant change in maternal morbidity and mortality over the past decades, it remains a major public health concern. World Health Organization designed maternal continuum of care to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, majority of the mothers didn’t utilize the maternal continuum of care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study was based on 2016 Demographic and Health Survey data of Ethiopia. A total weighted sample of 4,772 reproductive aged women were included. The study used ArcGIS and SaTScan software to explore the spatial distribution of incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care. Besides, multivariable Generalized Estimating Equation was fitted to identify the associated factors of incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care using STATA software. Model comparison was made based on Quasi Information Criteria. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of the selected model was reported to identify significantly associated factors of incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care.

Results
The spatial analysis revealed that incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care had significant spatial variation across the country. Primary clusters were detected at Somali, North-Eastern part of Oromia, and East part of Southern Nation Nationalities while secondary clusters were detected in the Central Amhara region. In multivariate GEE, rural residency, secondary education, higher education, Protestant religious follower’s, Muslim religious follower’s, poorer wealth index, richer wealth index, richest wealth index, currently working, having barriers for accessing health care, and exposure for mass media were significantly associated with incomplete utilization maternal continuum of care.

Conclusion
Incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care had significant spatial variations in Ethiopia. Residence, wealth index, education, religion, and barriers for health care access, mass media exposure, and currently working were significantly associated with incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care. Therefore, public health interventions targeted to enhance maternal service utilization and women empowerment in hotspot areas of incomplete utilization of maternal continuum of care are crucial for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.
Is modular control related to functional outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and following total knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Koehn Rebekah R. , Roelker Sarah A. , Pan Xueliang , Schmitt Laura C. , Chaudhari Ajit M. W. , Siston Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Individuals who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for treatment of knee osteoarthritis often experience suboptimal outcomes. Investigation of neuromuscular control strategies in these individuals may reveal factors that contribute to these functional deficits. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between patient function and modular control during gait before and after TKA.

Methods
Electromyography data from 36 participants (38 knees) were collected from 8 lower extremity muscles on the TKA-involved limb during ≥5 over-ground walking trials before (n = 30), 6-months after (n = 26), and 24-months after (n = 13) surgery. Muscle modules were estimated using non-negative matrix factorization. The number of modules was determined from 500 resampled trials.

Results
A higher number of modules was related to better performance-based and patient-reported function before and 6-months after surgery. Participants with organization similar to healthy, age-matched controls trended toward better function 24-months after surgery, though these results were not statistically significant. We also observed plasticity in the participants’ modular control strategies, with 100% of participants who were present before and 24-months after surgery (10/10) demonstrating changes in the number of modules and/or organization of at least 1 module.

Conclusions
This pilot work suggests that functional improvements following TKA may initially present as increases in the number of modules recruited during gait. Subsequent improvements in function may present as improved module organization.

Noteworthy
This work is the first to characterize motor modules in TKA both before and after surgery and to demonstrate changes in the number and organization of modules over the time course of recovery, which may be related to changes in patient function. The plasticity of modular control following TKA is a key finding which has not been previously documented and may be useful in predicting or improving surgical outcomes through novel rehabilitation protocols.
The safety and efficacy of fingolimod: Real-world data from a long-term, non-interventional study on the treatment of RRMS patients spanning up to 5 years from Hungary
Authors: Biernacki Tamás , Sandi Dániel , Füvesi Judit , Fricska-Nagy Zsanett , Kincses Tamás Zsigmond , Ács Péter , Rózsa Csilla , Dobos Enikő , Cseh Botond , Horváth László , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Csányi Attila , Kovács Krisztina , Csépány Tünde , Vécsei László , Bencsik Krisztina ,   on the behalf of the study investigators
Published: April 2022

Background
Fingolimod was approved and reimbursed by the healthcare provider in Hungary for the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in 2012. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness, safety profile, and persistence to fingolimod in a real-life setting in Hungary in RRMS patients who were either therapy naïve before enrollment or have changed to fingolimod from another disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for any reason.

Methods
This cross-sectional, observational study with prospective data collection was performed nationwide at 21 sites across Hungary. To avoid selection bias, sites were asked to document eligible patients in consecutive chronological order. Demographic, clinical, safety and efficacy data were analysed for up to 5 years from 570 consenting adult patients with RRMS who had received treatment with fingolimod for at least one year.

Results
69.6% of patients remained free from relapses for the whole study duration; in the first year, 85.1% of patients did not experience a relapse, which rose to 94.6% seen in the 5th year. Compared to baseline at study end, 28.2% had higher, and 9.1% had lower, meanwhile, 62.7% of the patients had stable EDSS scores. Overall, the annualized relapse rate decreased from 0.804 observed at baseline to 0.185, 0.149, 0.122, 0.091, and 0.097 (77.0%, 82.1%, 85.2%, 89.7%, and 89.0% relative reduction, respectively) after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of treatment. The greatest reduction rate was seen in the group of therapy naïve patients. Treatment persistence on fingolimod after 60 months was 73.4%.

Conclusion
In this nationwide Hungarian cohort, most patients under fingolimod treatment were free from relapses and disability progression. In addition, fingolimod has proven to be a well-tolerated DMT that has sustained its manageable safety profile, high efficacy, and positive benefit/risk ratio for up to 5 years in a real-life setting.
Blood utilization and quality indicators at a university hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shash Hwazen , Alabdulqader Rana , Alshehri Lama , Alkathery Norah , Al-Abdulrahman Rozanna , Alahmed Shatha , Bubshait Dalal , AlKhater Suzan , Al-Nafie Awatif 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundBlood transfusion is a common, essential procedure when treating many different medical and surgical conditions. Efficient utilization of blood bank facilities by frequent auditing is crucial; however, few studies have examined blood utilization in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to review the blood ordering patterns and transfusion practices, and blood bank audit effectiveness at a single center in Saudi Arabia and compare our results with those of a similar study performed in the same center 20 years ago.Materials and methodsThis study was a retrospective descriptive chart review of all healthy blood donors and recipients from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. We evaluated the crossmatching-to-transfusion ratio (C/T) as an indicator of blood bank utilization and compared the findings with those of the previous study. We also evaluated changes in blood bank utilization during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.ResultsFindings from 27,414 donors (men, 94.9%; mean age, 32.2 + 9.6 years) showed a 71% increase in blood donations compared to that of 2000. The donations gradually increased over the years, peaking just before COVID-19 pandemic started in March 2020. For 3,836 patients, 13,324 units of blood were crossmatched (average, 3.47 crossmatch/patient), with 23% of the crossmatch requests from surgical departments. The average C/T ratio, transfusion index, and transfusion probability (T%) were 1.37, 2.55, and 73.2%, respectively. The C/T ratio decreased by 54% between 2000 and 2020. During the pandemic, crossmatching decreased by 26% between 2019 and 2020, but with comparable C/T ratio in 2019 (1.45) and 2020 (1.39).ConclusionOur hospital blood bank utilization improved over the past 20 years, showing increased donations, reduced C/T ratio, and increased T%. This improvement emphasizes the importance of blood donation campaigns, blood bank auditing, restrictive transfusion guidelines, and physician education.
The Macroeconomic Impact of the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Martin , Matvieiev Mykhailo , Obrizan Maksym 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility and calibrate it to the Swedish historical data in order to estimate the economic cost of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic. The model identifies survivors from younger cohorts as main benefactors of the windfall bequests following the influenza mortality shock. We also show that the general equilibrium effects of the pandemic reveal themselves over the wage channel rather than the interest rate, fertility or labor supply channels. Finally, we demonstrate that the influenza mortality shock becomes persistent, driving the aggregate variables to lower steady states which costs the economy 1.819% of the output loss over the next century.
Effect of solvent, method, time and temperature of extraction on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from spent coffee grounds
Authors: da Silva Araújo Cintia , Vimercati Wallaf Costa , Macedo Leandro Levate , Pimenta Carlos José 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are one of the byproducts generated in large volume by the coffee industry. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate solvents and methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from SCG and optimize the process. The solvent and the extraction method had a significant effect on the extraction yield of the bioactive compounds. Through the extraction kinetics, it was verified that 90 min was a sufficient time for the recovery of phenolic compounds. In general, the pure solvents had a lower extraction yield than the ethanol/water mixture and the rise in temperature, along with an ethanol/water mixture, proved to be favorable to the extraction process. Under optimized conditions it was possible to obtain 9.15 (mg GAE/g SCGd.b), 0.58 (mg QE/g SCGd.b), 255.55 (g SCGd.b/g DPPH) and 0.042 (mM Fe(II)/g SCGd.b) for TPC, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity (DPPH) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP), respectively.
A contrastive study of the Chinese and Japanese mood type systems
Authors: Geng Fang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to contrast the Chinese and Japanesemood typesystems and their realizations following the network developed within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is found that: Chinese and Japanese show similarity in the delicacy of themood typesystems, but Chinese has established a more prominent status for unbiased polarity seeker and the choice of content than Japanese does; the two languages display shared features in the use of Mood particles, qualitative and quantitative groups, the alternation of word orders, and the use of certain structures for Mood realization, and they differ in basic word orders, the preferences for certain grammatical patterns, and the prominence in depending on vocabularies and morphological changes. The findings are rooted in the functional and typological prominences of the two languages, which may further shed light on interpersonal communication patterns in the two societies.
The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
Authors: Zhang Ying-an , Wang Wei , Li Xiao-li , Xian-hui-Zhang  , Pan Jie , Li Zhao-ai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery on severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We performed a retrospective chart review study of 258 severe POP patients who underwent surgery between November 2010 and September 2016. One hundred forty patients underwent traditional vaginal surgery and 118 TVM surgery. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation (POP-Q) staging was used for objective evaluation. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Disease Life Impact Questionnaire Simplified Version-7 (PFIQ-7), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12) were used for subjective evaluation. Their complications were also recorded. All the data were collected in the outpatient department through the follow-up at 3 months, 1, 3, and 5 years after the operation. Forty patients in the traditional vaginal surgery group and 25 in the TVM group were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the POP-Q score between the groups (P = 0.346). The recurrence rate increased with follow-up time, reaching nearly 20% in the two groups by 5 years. The TVM group has higher PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores and lower PISQ-12 scores than the traditional vaginal surgery group at six months, 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Mesh exposure has occurred in the TVM group. Both surgeries showed similar objective satisfaction and recurrence rate. However, traditional vaginal surgery has higher subjective satisfaction than TVM in our study and does not risk exposure to prosthetic material.
Repairing performances of novel cement mortar modified with graphene oxide and polyacrylate polymer
Authors: Gao Yibo , Luo Jianlin , Zhang Jigang , Zhou Xiaoyang , Teng Fei , Liu Changquan , Sun Xijie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most cementitious repair materials have non-ignorable drawbacks such as low strength, insufficient bonding, and low anti-permeability. Although the bonding and anti-permeability of repair mortars modified by polymer will be substantially improved, the compressive strength and component integrity will be decreased. Hereby six groups of cement mortars modified by varied dosages of Graphene Oxide (GO) and PA copolymer (GOPARMs) were prepared. The flexural strength (f
t), compressive strength (f
c), f
t/f
c, bond strength (f
b), and chloride ion migration coefficient (λ
c) of GOPARMs were systematically studied by axial compressive, three-bending, pull-out, RCM method, along with microstructure analysis. When GO and PA dosages are fixed at 0.03 and 5 wt%, respectively, the f
t, f
c, f
t/f
c, f
b, and λ
c of GOPARMs reach the best comprehensive performances, which are 6.4, 46.5, 0.14, 6.73 MPa, and 1.179 × 10−12 m2/s. Compared with the control mortar, the f
t, f
c, f
t
/f
c, and f
b of GOPARMs are improved by 5.7, 12.3, 7, and 103%, respectively, and the corresponding λ
c is dramatically reduced by 40.4%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that trace of GO can play a template nucleation effect on the hydration products’ morphology and microstructure of GOPARMs. Meanwhile, cured PA polymer can form hydrophobic film and fill the interfacial pores among hydration products, finally superior repairing performances of GOPARMs with optimal mix can be achieved.
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopic probing of silicate materials
Authors: Hofmann Meike , Herrmann Andreas , Brokmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a powerful method for 3D characterization of fluorescent samples. In this contribution we introduce the technique for the application in material analytics by demonstrating the 3D imaging of Ce3+-doped YAG (Y3Al5O12) crystals isolated in a glass matrix. When excited with short wavelength laser radiation, the Ce3+doping enables fluorescence in the wavelength range between about 450 nm and 680 nm. Since the excitation wavelengths of Ce3+in the YAG and glass phases of the glass ceramic differ substantially, a suitable laser wavelength can be used to excite only the YAG phase. Thus, an imaging contrast to the surrounding glass matrix is generated. We exploit the crystal dendrites for monitoring the image contrast and improve it by a deconvolution operation of the images. This field of application of LSFM offers great potential, e. g. for fundamental understanding of the microstructuring processes in silicate glasses.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABO BLOOD GROUPS AND MEDICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA ATTENDING HIWA CANCER HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI CITY-IRAQ
Authors: Shekha Muhammad , Majeed Bahar 
Published: April 2022

Background
Leukemia is a hematological malignancy or cancer of the blood; it develops in the bone marrow, the soft inner part of bones where new blood cells are made. In a child with leukaemia, the bone marrow produces white blood cells that do not correctly mature Childhood leukaemia is the most common cancer, accounting for 29% of cancers in children; many studies were summarized that there is a strong correlation between the ABO groups and childhood leukaemia.
Objectives
To identify the association between ABO Blood Groups and Medical Characteristics for Children with leukaemia Attending Hiwa Cancer Hospital in Sulaimani City.
Methods
A Quantitative-descriptive study has been carried out on (100) children diagnosed with leukaemia from Aug 1, 2019, to the end of March 2020 at Hiwa cancer Hospital in Sulaimani City/Iraq Questionnaire form conducted by the researcher for data collection Data analyzed by using statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 21.
Results
Main findings in the present study shows that (66%) of patients with leukaemia were males, ABO blood group distribution were 38% (O), 29% (A), 24% (B), and 9% (AB). Significant relationships were found between pediatric patients’ blood groups and their socio-demographic characteristics interim of residency and type of family. In addition, significant relations were found between the patient’s blood groups and medical characteristics regarding the type of leukaemia and both mother and father blood groups at (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Findings in the present study concluded that is leukaemia more common among the type O blood group, followed by type A and B blood group. In addition, significant associations were found between case and control groups with their ABO blood group and type of leukaemia, mother’s blood group, and father’s blood group with ABO blood group.
Data-Driven Synthesis of Broadband Earthquake Ground Motions Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Florez Manuel A. , Caporale Michaelangelo , Buabthong Pakpoom , Ross Zachary E. , Asimaki Domniki , Meier Men-Andrin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTRobust estimation of ground motions generated by scenario earthquakes is critical for many engineering applications. We leverage recent advances in generative adversarial networks (GANs) to develop a new framework for synthesizing earthquake acceleration time histories. Our approach extends the Wasserstein GAN formulation to allow for the generation of ground motions conditioned on a set of continuous physical variables. Our model is trained to approximate the intrinsic probability distribution of a massive set of strong-motion recordings from Japan. We show that the trained generator model can synthesize realistic three-component accelerograms conditioned on magnitude, distance, and VS30. Our model captures most of the relevant statistical features of the acceleration spectra and waveform envelopes. The output seismograms display clear P- and S-wave arrivals with the appropriate energy content and relative onset timing. The synthesized peak ground acceleration estimates are also consistent with observations. We develop a set of metrics that allow us to assess the training process’s stability and to tune model hyperparameters. We further show that the trained generator network can interpolate to conditions in which no earthquake ground-motion recordings exist. Our approach allows for the on-demand synthesis of accelerograms for engineering purposes.