bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreas Transplantation: Current Challenges, Considerations, and Controversies
Authors: Fridell Jonathan A , Stratta Robert J , Gruessner Angelika C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPancreas transplantation (PTx) reestablishes an autoregulating source of endogenous insulin responsive to normal feedback controls. In addition to achieving complete β-cell replacement that frees the patient with diabetes from the need to monitor serum glucose and administer exogenous insulin, successful PTx provides counterregulatory hormone secretion and exocrine function. A functioning PTx mitigates glycemic variability, eliminates the daily stigma and burden of diabetes, restores normal glucose homeostasis in patients with complicated diabetes, and improves quality of life and life expectancy. The tradeoff is that it entails a major surgical procedure and requisite long-term immunosuppression. Despite the high likelihood of rendering patients euglycemic independent of exogenous insulin, PTx is considered a treatment rather than a cure. In spite of steadily improving outcomes in each successive era coupled with expansion of recipient selection criteria to include patients with a type 2 diabetes phenotype, a decline in PTx activity has occurred in the new millennium related to a number of factors including: (1) lack of a primary referral source and general acceptance by the diabetes care community; (2) absence of consensus criteria; and (3) access, education, and resource issues within the transplant community. In the author's experience, patients who present as potential candidates for PTx have felt as though they needed to circumvent the conventional diabetes care model to gain access to transplant options. PTx should be featured more prominently in the management algorithms for patients with insulin requiring diabetes who are failing exogenous insulin therapy or experiencing progressive diabetic complications regardless of diabetes type. Furthermore, all patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease should undergo consideration for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation independent of geography or location.
Imperative Reading: Brothertown and Sister Fowler
Authors: Schwartz Ana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay introduces the concept of imperative reading as one solution to the tension between implicitly suspicious historicist methods, on one hand, and, on the other, postcritical practices of reading that prioritize readerly pleasure over readerly paranoia. Imperative reading reveals the network of historically inflected obligations that can produce or intensify the expectation that reading should be pleasurable. This insight comes to view in the writing and reading practices of Samson Occom, late eighteenth-century Mohegan minister, theologian, and hymnodist, and cofounder of Brothertown, a political experiment in Indigenous survivance in the face of settler colonial incursion during the late colonial era and the early republic. For Occom and his fellow Algonquians, reading and writing, to say nothing of readerly pleasure, were not foregone conclusions. Reading and writing could be sources of pleasure, and they could also be sites of resistance to the era’s ascendant liberalism. Occom’s archive shows him exploiting these possibilities. This experience of alphabetic literacy, however, was neither uniform nor always consensual. Imperative reading names the experience of literacy as Esther Poquiantup Fowler, Samson Occom’s sister-in-law, knew it. Sometimes, despite Occom’s best intentions, liberalism cunningly inflected his relations with his kinswoman, and it did so most forcefully in his expectation that she slowly, maybe even symptomatically, read his writing and that she take pleasure in it, too. Fowler understood that expectation; she felt it as an imperative. Yet she didn’t refuse it so much as defer it. Her delicate negotiation of reading as an imperative directs attention to the personal and political history of the expectation—for her, a burdensome one—that reading should be self-evidently fun. Fowler’s strategies for alleviating this burden renew our understanding of historicist methods and the symptomatic mood of critique. They are instruments for future repair even as they afford us practice in noticing and interpreting the particularities that liberal society encourages us to forget.
Apocalyptic Rumblings: Catharine E. Beecher’s Domestic Economy and Environmentalism
Authors: Ackerman Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCatharine E. Beecher’s 1841 A Treatise on Domestic Economy laid the groundwork for the American environmental canon, including Walden (1854) by Henry David Thoreau and Silent Spring (1962) by Rachel Carson. In conversation with other nineteenth-century American writers, Beecher promoted a way of thinking about nature as home and illuminated current usage of energy and economy as opposing, gendered metaphors. Situating daily life in a new energy regime, Beecher was an early theorizer of fossil fuels, positing domestic economy as a corrective to the political economy of industrial capitalism. Despite seemingly regressive views of women’s place in the home and society, Beecher’s writings on domesticity during the historic transition to fossil fuels speak to our own moment of climate and public health crises. To reassess Beecher in light of the environmental humanities is to discover in domestic economy a way of thinking about nature as something in which we live and, equally important, that lives in us.
Obstacles to Native Education in Late Colonial Peru
Authors: Ramírez Susan Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on educational initiatives, the negotiations and resistance these efforts generated, and the barriers to these efforts during late colonial times. After a brief overview of formal and informal instruction, two examples of efforts to establish schools, especially for Native boys and girls, are outlined before an analysis of the obstacles organizers faced in founding them. Efforts were uneven. The superficial enthusiasm of some was tempered by the resistance of others. Contemporary manuscript texts in the archives of Spain, provincial capitals of Peru, and Lima highlight attitudes toward education in the 1780s and again closer to the eve of independence.
The Colegio de San Gregorio: An Intellectual Refuge for Indigenous Peoples in Mexico City in the Late Eighteenth Century
Authors: Segovia-Liga Argelia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In 1586, the Jesuits founded the Colegio Seminario de San Gregorio in Mexico City. Throughout the colonial era and into the late nineteenth century, the school worked almost exclusively for Indigenous students. The political reforms introduced in Spain in 1812 stipulated the eradication of the segregated system that had prevailed during the colonial era. In response, civil authorities in Mexico City elaborated plans and reforms to allow non-Indigenous students access to San Gregorio. The arguments that nineteenth-century intellectuals expressed in favor of those reforms were broad-ranging and analyzed by contemporary scholars. However, we know little about Indigenous communities’ opinions concerning those transformations. This essay aims to review some of the ideas expressed by Indigenous intellectuals who sought to maintain the school as an exclusively “Indian” college.
Explosive Boiling of Transparent Liquids on Absorbing Targets Heated by Short Laser Pulses
Authors: Samokhin A.A. , Bazhulin A.P. , Il’ichev N.N. , Ivochkin A.Yu. , Pivovarov P.A. , Stuchebrukhov I.A. 
Published: November 2022

Explosive boiling induced by sub-nanosecond laser pulses is theoretically analyzed in the case of transparent liquids on metal targets. In this case the variation of boiling start times due to inhomogeneous distribution of laser intensity through the irradiation spot can be reduced up to laser pulse duration and registered explosive boiling pressure signals become less distorted. The results are compared with experimental investigations of photoacoustic (PA) signals induced in metal target under transparent liquid layer irradiated by laser pulses of about 100 ps duration and wavelength 532 nm.
Muzyka jako forma politycznej deliberacji i dyskursywnej argumentacji: refleksje socjologiczne
Authors: Jabłońska Barbara 
Published: November 2022

Celem artykułu jest omówienie problematyki dyskursu na tematy muzyczne na przykładzie piosenek wyborczych, wpisujących się w zjawiska komunikacyjne szeroko pojętej sfery publicznej i deliberacji. Główną osią rozważań jest przekonanie o komunikacyjnej mocy muzyki w polityce. W pierwszej części artykułu ukazano najważniejsze kwestie związane z rolą i znaczeniem muzyki w polityce, w tym z jej integracyjną, mobilizacyjną i perswazyjną mocą. Druga część artykułu koncentruje się wokół wybranych przykładów polskich piosenek wyborczych w perspektywie dyskursywnej. Całość analizy opiera się na czterech płaszczyznach - komunikacyjnej, językowej, poznawczej i interakcyjnej. Elementy te składają się nie tylko na praktyki dyskursywne w wybranym obszarze, ale też na semiozę danego społeczeństwa.
Demokracja deliberatywna w praktyce – działanie brytyjskiej organizacji Involve
Authors: Kaczmarek Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

Demokracja deliberatywna staje się coraz częściej przedmiotem szerokiej dyskusji nie tylko w nauce, ale także w praktyce politycznej. W wielu krajach osoby zaangażowane w funkcjonowanie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego domagają się realizacji jego założeń. Liczne organizacje pozarządowe propagują idee demokracji deliberatywnej i zajmują się faktycznym umieszczaniem ich w ramach życia publicznego. Jedną z takich organizacji jest brytyjska fundacja Involve. Obszar jej działania obejmuje nie tylko szerzenie wiedzy i doradztwo w zakresie deliberacji, ale także aktywny udział w podejmowaniu największych tego typu inicjatyw (takich jak np. panele obywatelskie). Celem niniejszego artykułu jest krótkie przedstawienie podstawowych działań Involve z ostatnich lat oraz wskazanie takich kwestii jak sposób rozumienia demokracji deliberatywnej przez tego typu organizacje, praktyczna realizacja jej postulatów oraz efekty podejmowanych działań. Artykuł ma być krótkim wprowadzeniem do dalszych rozważań nad odbiciem teoretycznych założeń demokracji deliberatywnej w realiach demokratycznej sceny politycznej, opartych na analizie organizacji, dla których jest to podstawowy obszar działania.
Cost-effectiveness of adalimumab for early-stage Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: Dakin Helen , Rombach Ines , Dritsaki Melina , Gray Alastair , Ball Catherine , Lamb Sarah E. , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: November 2022

Aims To estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of adalimumab compared with standard care alone for the treatment of early-stage Dupuytren’s disease (DD) and the value of further research from an NHS perspective. Methods We used data from the Repurposing anti-TNF for Dupuytren’s disease (RIDD) randomized controlled trial of intranodular adalimumab injections in patients with early-stage progressive DD. RIDD found that intranodular adalimumab injections reduced nodule hardness and size in patients with early-stage DD, indicating the potential to control disease progression. A within-trial cost-utility analysis compared four adalimumab injections with no further treatment against standard care alone, taking a 12-month time horizon and using prospective data on EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and resource use from the RIDD trial. We also developed a patient-level simulation model similar to a Markov model to extrapolate trial outcomes over a lifetime using data from the RIDD trial and a literature review. This also evaluated repeated courses of adalimumab each time the nodule reactivated (every three years) in patients who initially responded. Results The within-trial economic evaluation found that adalimumab plus standard care cost £503,410 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained versus standard care alone over a 12-month time horizon. The model-based extrapolation suggested that, over a lifetime, repeated courses of adalimumab could cost £14,593 (95% confidence interval £7,534 to £42,698) per QALY gained versus standard care alone. If the NHS was willing to pay £20,000/QALY gained, there is a 77% probability that adalimumab with retreatment is the best value for money. Conclusion Repeated courses of adalimumab are likely to be a cost-effective treatment for progressive early-stage DD. The value of perfect parameter information that would eliminate all uncertainty around the parameters estimated in RIDD and the duration of quiescence was estimated to be £105 per patient or £272 million for all 2,584,411 prevalent cases in the UK. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):898–906.
The benefits and harms of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with major comorbidities: A simulation study
Authors: Leiter Amanda , Kong Chung Yin , Gould Michael K. , Kale Minal S. , Veluswamy Rajwanth R. , Smith Cardinale B. , Mhango Grace , Huang Brian Z. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Sigel Keith 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a survival benefit for adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after resection of locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relative benefits and harms and optimal approach to treatment for NSCLC patients who have major comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary artery disease [CAD], and congestive heart failure [CHF]) are unclear, however.MethodsWe used a simulation model to run in-silico comparative trials of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in locoregional NSCLC in patients with comorbidities. The model estimated quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by each treatment strategy stratified by age, comorbidity, and stage. The model was parameterized using outcomes and quality-of-life data from RCTs and primary analyses from large cancer databases.ResultsAdjuvant chemotherapy was associated with clinically significant QALY gains for all patient age/stage combinations with COPD except for patients >80 years old with Stage IB and IIA cancers. For patients with CHF and Stage IB and IIA disease, adjuvant chemotherapy was not advantageous; in contrast, it was associated with QALY gains for more advanced stages for younger patients with CHF. For stages IIB and IIIA NSCLC, most patient groups benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy. However, In general, patients with multiple comorbidities benefited less from adjuvant chemotherapy than those with single comorbidities and women with comorbidities in older age categories benefited more from adjuvant chemotherapy than their male counterparts.ConclusionsOlder, multimorbid patients may derive QALY gains from adjuvant chemotherapy after NSCLC surgery. These results help extend existing clinical trial data to specific unstudied, high-risk populations and may reduce the uncertainty regarding adjuvant chemotherapy use in these patients.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial usage, spread and resistance emergence in commercial poultry farms of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Zohurul , Islam Md. Saiful , Kundu Lakshmi Rani , Ahmed Ayesha , Hsan Kamrul , Pardhan Shahina , Driscoll Robin , Hossain Md. Sharif , Hossain Md. Mahfuz 
Published: November 2022

Background
Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobials in broiler and layer farms has become a common practice in lower and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antimicrobial usage (AMU), and their beliefs in factors that affect antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread and emergence in humans through commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 farmers (95.6% male; meanage = 35.14 ± 10.25 years) in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh who were recruited from three upazilas (sub-districts) through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from June to November 2021 via face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results
The proportion of farmers who reported having received information regarding AMU from veterinarians was higher in layer compared to broiler farms (65.9% vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of layer compared to broiler farmers believed that antimicrobial residues and pathogens in poultry can pass to humans through the consumption of contaminated eggs (28.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.05). The mean score of the farmers’ attitude towards addressing AMU was 4.49 (SD = 1.37) out of 7, with the higher score indicating a better attitude. The mean score of better attitudes towards addressing AMU was significantly higher among educated participants (bachelor’s or higher levels of education (p = 0.006). A higher proportion of layer (56.3%) farmers did not keep a record of AMU when compared to broiler farmers (37.7%) (p = 0.012). More broiler (50.7%) compared to layer (38.5%) farmers continued using the full dose of antimicrobials (p = 0.042). The most frequently used antimicrobials in broiler and layer poultry farms were Colistin (broiler vs layer: 73.9% vs. 86.75%; p = 0.024), and Ciprofloxacin (broiler vs. layer: 95.7% vs. 84.4%; p = 0.021). Farmers’ beliefs were significantly associated with the spread of AMR pathogens from contaminated eggs to humans (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings reflected that majority of farmers had inadequate knowledge of AMU, less knowledgeable beliefs aboutAMU, and inappropriate AMU (e.g., poor record keeping, incomplete doses) in chicken production systems. The government should ensure education or advisory services for poultry farmers on proper AMU, enforce current veterinary laws and regulations on antimicrobials, and implement AMU surveillance systems.
Virologic outcomes after early referral of stable HIV-positive adults initiating ART to community-based adherence clubs in Cape Town, South Africa: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Odayar Jasantha , Malaba Thokozile R. , Allerton Joanna , Kabanda Siti , Huang David , Kalombo Cathy , Lesosky Maia , Myer Landon 
Published: November 2022

Background
Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models are recommended for stable people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but there are few rigorous evaluations of patient outcomes.

Methods
Adherence clubs (ACs) are a form of DSD run by community health workers at community venues with 2–4 monthly ART refills and annual nurse assessments). Clinic-based care involves 2-monthly ART refills and 4-monthly nurse/doctor assessments. We compared virologic outcomes in stable adults randomised to ACs at four months post-ART initiation to those randomised to primary health care (PHC) ART clinics through 12 months on ART in Cape Town, South Africa (NCT03199027). We hypothesised that adults randomised to ACs would be more likely to be virally suppressed at 12 months post-ART initiation, versus adults randomised to continued PHC care. We enrolled consecutive adults on ART for 3–5 months who met local DSD [‘adherence clubs’ (AC)] eligibility (clinically stable, VL<400 copies/mL). The primary outcome was VL<400 copies/mL at 12 months on ART.

Results
Between January 2017 and April 2018, 220 adults were randomised (mean age 35 years; 67% female; median ART duration 18 weeks); 85% and 94% of participants randomised to ACs and PHCs attended their first service visit on schedule respectively. By 12 months on ART, 91% and 93% randomised to ACs and PHCs had a VL<400 copies/mL, respectively. In a binomial model adjusted for age, gender, previous ART use and nadir CD4 cell count, there was no evidence of superiority of ACs compared to clinic-based care (RD, -2.42%; 95% CI, -11.23 to 6.38). Findings were consistent when examining the outcome at a threshold of VL <1000 copies/mL.

Conclusion
Stable adults referred to DSDs at 4 months post-ART initiation had comparable virologic outcomes at 12 months on ART versus PHC clinics, with no evidence of superiority. Further research on long-term outcomes is required.
School-based mental health literacy training shifts the quantity and quality of referrals to tertiary child and adolescent mental health services: A Western Canada regional study
Authors: Baxter Andrew , Wei Yifeng , Kutcher Stan , Cawthorpe David 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to improve mental health referral quality of young people by helping educators build capacity for early identification of youth at risk of mental illness and facilitate referrals between the education and health systems.MethodsWe applied the Go-To Educator mental health literacy training for early identification, triage and support in 208 schools in Calgary, Alberta between 2013 and 2016. Students presenting to mental health services during this time were compared on a number of clinical, system, and demographic variables, based on the training status of the school (untrained schools; before and after training schools), using retrospective cohort design. Based on clinical and system data, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to compare the three school status domains.ResultsAfter training, referrals differed significantly from control and pre-training schools. Students presenting to services from these schools were younger, from single parent families; were referred more because of adjustment and learning/attention problems; had complex social/family issues; thought disturbances, and harmful behavior/thoughts towards others. While they waited longer to be admitted they stayed longer in services; had more provisional comorbid diagnoses and demonstrated positive treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe Go-To Educator training may be an effective intervention helping educators identify students at risk of mental disorders and in substantial need of mental health services, demonstrating improved linkages between education and health sectors.
Ground state sign-changing solutions for critical Choquard equations
with steep well potential
Authors: Li Yong-Yong , Li Gui-Dong , Tang Chun-Lei 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study sign-changing solution of the Choquard type equation

−

Δ

u
+

(

λ

V
(
x
)
+
1

)

u
=

(

I
α

∗

|

u

|

2
α

∗

)

|

u

|

2
α

∗

−

2

u
+
μ

|

u

|

p
−

2

u

in

R

N

,

where
N
≥

3
,
α

∈

(
(
N
−

4

)
+

,
N
)

,

I
α

is a Riesz potential,
p
∈

[

2
α

∗

,

2
N

N
−

2

)

,

2
α

∗

:=

N
+
α

N
−

2

is the upper critical exponent in terms of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality,
μ

>
0
,
λ

>
0
,
V
∈

C
(

R

N

,

R

)

is nonnegative and has a potential well. By combining the variational methods and sign-changing Nehari manifold, we prove the existence and some properties of ground state sign-changing solution for
λ

,
μ

large enough. Further, we verify the asymptotic behaviour of ground state sign-changing solutions as
λ

→

+
∞

and
μ

→

+
∞

, respectively.
Non-occlusive pumping principle for blood pump application
Authors: Pech Sebastian , Richter René , Lienig Jens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoller pumps are used in medicine to pump blood in extracorporeal blood circuits. Blood is subjected to mechanical stress in these peristaltic pumps, due to the complete tube occlusion. This stress causes damage to red blood cells (hemolysis). We present a novel peristaltic pumping principle that addresses these issues. In contrast to conventional roller pumps, the tube is stimulated by a circulating eccentric oscillation. Therefore, this type of pump does not require complete tube occlusion. The blood is less mechanically stressed and hemolysis is reduced by 55% compared to a roller pump.