bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation of Kraft lignin by Pleurotus ostreatus Florida in conditions optimized for laccase production
Authors: Franco Paula C. I. , Shiraishi Igor S. , Dekker Robert F.H. , Barbosa-Dekker Aneli M. , Borsato Dionísio , Angilelli Karina Benassi , Evaristo Geisa P. C. , Simionato Julliana Izabelle , Daniel Juliana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
White-rot fungi are efficient degraders of the lignin moiety due to the production of extracellular enzymes that includes the laccases which are able to depolymerize lignin oxidative processes to low-molecular weight phenolic and aromatic compounds. These end-products have important industrial applications, as building blocks for chemical syntheses of high-value. Thus, the objective of this work was to optimize the culture conditions for laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus Florida grown on Kraft lignin, and to evaluate lignin biodegradation products. The fungal strain produced optimum laccase titers after evaluation in a 33-factorial statistical design by varying: lignin concentration, yeast extract and time of cultivation. The extracellular fluid obtained under the optimized culture condition was treated by liquid-liquid partition with ethyl acetate in order to determine the lignin degradation products by LC-MS/MS. Concentration of lignin was the main variable that increased laccase production assayed against substrate 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. Optimal laccase production predicted by the model was 5.73 U/mL under the condition: 0.87% (w/v) lignin, 4.5% (w/v) yeast extract and 10 days cultivation. The experimental laccase titer obtained following optimal conditions was 5.68 U/mL. The lignin metabolites identified were 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde and cuminaldehyde. In addition, abscisic acid was produced; considered a stress-related hormone product of the fungus. These findings show a suitable source of fungal laccase for obtaining new metabolites from the biodegradation of Kraft lignin by fermentation.
Impact of adenomyosis and endometriosis on IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcome in patients undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment and frozen embryo transfer
Authors: Wang Yu , Yi Yu-Chiao , Guu Hwa-Fen , Chen Ya-Fang , Chang Jui-Chun , Chen Li-Yu , Chuan Shih-Ting , Chen Ming-Jer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although numerous studies have attempted to establish the relationship between adenomyosis and infertility, no consensus has emerged. Our aim was to investigate whether adenomyosis and endometriosis affected IVF outcomes in our patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of 1720 patients from January 2016 to December 2019. In total, 1389 cycles were included: 229 cycles in the endometriosis group (group E), 89 cycles in the adenomyosis group (group A), 69 cycles in the endometriosis and adenomyosis group (group EA), and 1002 cycles in the control group (group C). Most patients in groups A and EA received GnRH agonist treatment before FET.
Results
The 1st FET live birth rates (LBR) were 39.3%, 34.7%, 39% and 17,6% in groups E, A, EA, and C. The miscarriage rates were 19.9%, 34.7%, 39%, and 17.6%. The per retrieval cycle cumulative pregnancy rates (cLBRs) in patients < 38 y/o were 53.8%, 58.1%, 44.8%, and 61.2%. The per retrieval cycle cLBRs in patients ≥ 38 y/o were 25%, 7.3%, 17.2%, and 29%. Among groups A and EA, LBRs were 25.58% and 18.89% in patients with a ≥ 7-fold decrease and a < 7-fold decrease in CA-125 level, respectively, after GnRH agonist treatment.
Conclusion
Endometriosis was not associated with a poorer pregnancy outcome. Patients with adenomyosis with/without endometriosis had higher miscarriage rates, lower LBRs, and lower cLBRs, especially in patients aged ≥ 38 years, even after GnRH agonist treatment before FET cycles. Patients who have a greater than 7-fold decrease in CA-125 level after GnRH agonist treatment might have better clinical pregnancy outcomes.
Targeted co-delivery of methotrexate and chloroquine via a pH/enzyme-responsive biocompatible polymeric nanohydrogel for colorectal cancer treatment
Authors: Rashidzadeh Hamid , Ramazani Ali , Rezaei Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei , Danafar Hossein , Rahmani Shayan , Veisi Hassan , Rajaeinejad Mohsen , Jamalpoor Zahra , Hami Zahra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of conventional chemotherapy regardless of its unique effectiveness have been gradually being edged aside due to limited targeting capability, lack of selectivity and chemotherapy-associated side effects. To this end, colon-targeted nanoparticles via combination therapy have shown great therapeutic potential against cancer. Herein, pH/enzyme-responsive biocompatible polymeric nanohydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) containing methotrexate (MTX) and chloroquine (CQ) were fabricated. PMAA-MTX-CQ exhibited high drug loading efficacy of which MTX was 4.99% and was CQ 25.01% and displayed pH/enzyme-triggered drug release behavior. Higher CQ release rate (76%) under simulated acidic microenvironment of tumor tissue whereas 39% of CQ was released under normal physiological conditions. Intestinally, MTX release was facilitated in the presence of proteinase K enzyme. TEM image demonstrated spherical morphology with particle size of less than 50 nm. In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments indicated that developed nanoplatforms possessed great biocompatibility. These nanohydrogels did not cause any adverse effects against Artemia Salina and HFF2 cells (around 100% cell viability) which highlight the safety of prepared nanohydrogels. There was no death in mice received different concentrations of nanohydrogel through oral administration and less than 5% hemolysis was found in red blood cells incubated with PMAA nanohydrogels. In vitro anti-cancer results showed that combination therapy based on PMAA-MTX-CQ can effectively suppress the growth of SW480 colon cancer cells (29% cell viability) compared to monotherapy. Altogether, these findings suggest that pH/enzyme-responsive PMAA-MTX-CQ could effectively inhibit cancer cell growth and progression via site-specific delivery of its cargo in a safe and controlled manner.
Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on Cotton Yield and Fibre Quality - Results from Recent Trials in Australia
Authors: Sluijs Marinus H van der , Weaver Timothy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground A recent extensive review showed that the effect of nitrogen application rates on fibre quality were varied and inconsistent. As a consequence, trials were conducted in Australia in 2018 and 2019 in four locations using three popular high yielding commercial varieties sown in the Australian cotton industry. Nitrogen was applied in the form of granular urea in three locations, in split applications either before or in-crop with Anhydrous ammonia applied at the fourth location before planting. Application rates ranged from zero (0 kg.ha− 1) to moderate (100 to 200 kg.ha− 1) to high (300 kg.ha− 1) and excessive (400 kg.ha− 1). Results The application of moderate (100 to 200 kg.ha− 1) rates of nitrogen resulted in the highest yield and nitrogen use efficiency and produced the longest, uniform, and strongest fibre. As the growing conditions for the two seasons were ideal it was shown that nitrogen application rates did not influence micronaire but did negatively affect colour and lint turn out. Conclusions Nitrogen application rates do impact yield, lint turn out and fibre quality. However excessive application rates above 14 to 15 kg of N per bale had no economic benefit to the grower and could negatively affected yield and fibre quality.
Changes in female chinchilla behavior due to the cage equipment
Authors: Łapiński Stanisław , Niedbała Piotr , Markowska Katarzyna , Lis Marcin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Even though chinchillas have been farmed for a century, there are not many studies concerning their behavior in captivity or optimal housing conditions, all of which are important factors in the assessment of their welfare and degree of domestication. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cage types on chinchillas' behavior and their reactions towards humans. Female chinchillas (n=12) were kept in three types of cages: standard with a wire floor (S); standard with a deep litter floor of shavings (SR); enlarged with a deep litter floor of shavings (LR). Animals spent 11 weeks in each type of cage. The chinchillas’ reactions toward humans were evaluated by the hand test. Ethograms were prepared based on round-the-clock video recordings. The activity of chinchillas was compared, taking into account the different cage types and the animals’ varying responses to the hand test. Animals kept in LR cages presented significantly less timid reactions in comparison to those kept in S and SR cages. The chinchillas spent most of their time resting (68% of the day), in locomotion (23%), and eating or drinking (8%); they spent only 1% on grooming behavior. Cage enrichment generally reduced the fear of humans. However, the average chinchilla response to the hand test was classified in each type of cage as "cautious". Analyses of the ethograms indicated that the chinchillas were active mostly during the dark stage of the day. In conclusion, the bigger size of the cage and its enrichment (particularly litter) reduces fearfulness and the passivity of animals, which could be evidence of better welfare conditions.
Proterozoic slushball Earth and generation of excess oxygen unachieved by photosynthesis
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Tsunekawa Shin , Hara Ken'nosuke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to the Earth-scale top model, the Earth’s axis was tilted approximately 1.8 billion years between 2.7 billion to 900 million years ago. This resulted in the freezing of the equatorial zone and the recognition of a Slushball Earth, explaining the Pongola, Huronian, Sturtian, Marinoan, and Gondwana -glaciations as well as numerous other historical events of the Earth. The hypothesis that nitrogen, oxygen, and water were formed due to nuclear transmutation at high temperatures and pressures, suggests that excess oxygen was produced during photosynthesis and nitrogen and water were expelled into the atmosphere from magma reservoirs in the upper mantle through an open system which caused volcanoes in ocean islands. The evolution of atmospheric oxygen concentration leading to the development of life over the past 400 million years, can be explained by the nitrogen released into the stratosphere through open systems while the magma reservoirs are blocked.
Genomic circular DNA can behave to transpose another-locus-derived insert accompanied by autonomous rolling circle amplification
Authors: Maeda Toyoki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA from a genomic sequence was amplified by nested inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mouse and human culture cells to explore the possibility of site-specific DNA recombination. In this analysis, multiple examples of circular DNA were found to share an identical joining point. This indicates that there is a genomic site preferential for DNA recombination accompanying circular DNA production. In addition, circular DNAs with different ladder-like sizes sharing a joining point were found, which suggests the existence of endogenous rolling circle amplification. Multiple circular DNAs in which genomic fragments derived from different chromosomes were inserted were confirmed. Genome deletion was confirmed in the circular DNA formation region. These facts indicate that extrachromosomal circular DNA contributes to translocations and duplication of genomic regions that exchange genomic fragments between chromosomes in somatic cells to a greater extent than previously thought.
Explosive increase in convective Extreme El Niño events in the CO2 removal scenario
Authors: Pathirana Gayan , Oh Ji-Hoon , Cai Wenju , An Soon-Il , Min Seung-Ki , Jo Seo-Young , Shin Jongsoo , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Convective extreme El Niño (CEE) events, characterized by strong convective events in the eastern Pacific1-2, are known to have a direct link to anomalous climate conditions worldwide3-5, and it has been reported that CEE will occur more frequently under greenhouse warming1,6-7. Here, using a set of CO2 ramp-up and –down ensemble experiments, we show that frequency and maximum intensity of CEE events increase further in the ramp-down period from the ramp-up period. Such changes in CEE are associated with the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and intensified nonlinear rainfall response to SST change in the ramp-down period. The increasing frequency of CEE has substantial impacts on regional abnormal events and contributed considerably to regional mean climate changes to the CO2 forcings.
The Effect of Arterial Cannula Tip Position on Differential Hypoxemia During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Wickramarachchi Avishka , Burrell Aidan J.C. , Stephens Andrew F. , Šeman Michael , Vatani Ashkan , Khamooshi Mehrdad , Raman Jaishankar , Bellomo Rinaldo , Gregory Shaun D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interaction between native ventricular output and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) flow may hinder oxygenated blood flow to the aortic arch branches, resulting in differential hypoxemia. Typically, the arterial cannula tip is placed in the iliac artery or abdominal aorta. However, the hemodynamics of a more proximal arterial cannula tip have not been studied before. This study investigated the effect of arterial cannula tip position on VA ECMO blood flow to the upper extremities using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Four arterial cannula tip positions (P1. common iliac, P2. abdominal aorta, P3. descending aorta and P4. aortic arch) were compared with different degrees of cardiac dysfunction and VA ECMO support (50%, 80% and 90% support). P4 was able to supply oxygenated blood to the arch vessels at all support levels, while P1 to P3 only supplied the arch vessels during the highest level (90%) of VA ECMO support. Even during the highest level of support, P1 to P3 could only provide oxygenated VA-ECMO flow at 0.11 L/min to the brachiocephalic artery, compared with 0.5 L/min at P4. This study suggests that cerebral perfusion of VA ECMO flow can be increased by advancing the arterial cannula tip towards the aortic arch.
Differential Distribution of Fibrovascular Proliferative Membranes in 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Lu Nan , Yang Shilin , Guo Shuo , Yang Dongni , Liu Li , Fan Chunhui , Liu Jian , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the distribution of fibrovascular proliferative membrane (FVPM) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients that need treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and to evaluate the outcomes separately.
Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive 25-G PPV cases operated for PDR between September 2018 and April 2020. All FVPMs were outlined and assigned to three groups: arcade type, juxtapapillary type and central type. General characteristics, operation-related variables, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 12 month postoperative and complications were recorded. , All patients were followed up for over one year
Results: In total, 93 eyes were recruited. Among them, the FVPMs distribution of nasotemporal and inferiosuperioral were significantly different (both p < 0.01), with 87 (93.55%) FVPMs located in the nasal hemispheres, and 67 (72.04%) in the inferior hemispheres. The eyes with a central FVPM required the longest operation time, with silicon oil used in most patients, generally combined with tractional retinal detachment (RD) and rhegmatogenous RD, as well as the worst postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and the highest rates of recurrent RD and iatrogenic retinal break formation (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: FVPMs were more commonly found in the nasal and inferior mid-peripheral retina in addition to the area of arcade vessels. Performing 25-G PPV for treating PDR eyes with a central FVPM had a relatively worse prognosis.
Revealing the Immune Mechanisms of SJZT- Treated HCC via a Systematic Study of Network Pharmacology and Machine Learning
Authors: Luo Pu , Yang Jie , Li Zihao , Huang Li , Jiang Jiping , Deng Yuxin , Du Yijing , Jiang Yang , Chen Huan , yu hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
SiJunZiTang (SJZT), a classic Chinese medicine formula widely used in clinic, has been proven to have therapeutic effects on HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets for therapy are still poorly understood. In this study, we used the strategy of integrated pharmacology to combine network pharmacology, molecular docking, machine learning and bioinformatics to reveal the immune mechanism of action of SJZT in the treatment of HCC and overcome the problem of the insufficient combination of network pharmacology and clinical information. We systematically studied the active components, potential targets and pathways of SJZT in the treatment of HCC. At same time, we found that SPP1, the hub target of SJZT in HCC treatment, was positively correlated with poor prognosis and could be an independent prognostic factor for HCC. SJZT therapies could synergistically halt HCC progression by simultaneously combating M2 macrophage infiltration and immune suppression in the HCC microenvironment. Our study provides a novel strategy for understanding the pharmacological properties of TCM and exploring effective treatment options for HCC.
COVID-19 plasma exosomes promote pro-inflammatory immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Chen Lechuang , Chen Rui , Yao Min , Feng Zhimin , Yuan Guoxiang , Ye Fengchun , Nguyen Kien , Karn Jonathan , McComsey Grace , McIntyre Thomas , Jin Ge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Elevated serum cytokine production in COVID-19 patients associates with disease progression and severity. However, the stimulus that initiates cytokine production in patients remains to be fully revealed. Virus-infected cells can release virus-associated exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endocytic origin, into the blood to deliver viral cargoes able to regulate immune responses. Here, we report that plasma exosomes from COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA. COVID-19 plasma exosomes stimulated robust production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Exosome depletion abolished these stimulated responses. COVID-19 plasma exosomes induced pro-inflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD14+ monocytes, but not significantly in regulatory T cells, Th17 T cells, or memory T cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes carry viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, protect the dsRNA cargo from RNase, and deliver the dsRNA to recipient cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes significantly increase expression of endosomal toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in peripheral T cells and monocytes. Inhibition of TLR3 by a specific pharmacological inhibitor considerably reduced production of cytokines and chemokines in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not in CD14+ monocytes, highlighting divergent signaling pathways of immune cells in response to COVID-19 plasma exosomes. Our results indicate a novel model of crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses able to contribute to elevated cytokine production associated with COVID-19 progression, severity, and long-haul symptoms.
Development and Evaluation of Lyophilized Stealth liposomal Phyllanthin: Pharmacokinetics and Toxicological studies
Authors: Boppana Naga P. D. , Parvathaneni Madhukiran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Though phyllanthin has several medical applications, especially in cancer treatment, oral administration of the drug is hampered by poor water solubility ultimately leading to inadequate bioavailability. To overcome the challenges related to solubility and increase oral bioavailability, current research focuses to develop phyllanthin-loaded liposomes by thin-film hydration and followed lyophilization. Several variants of conventional and pegylated liposomes were developed and their physicochemical properties were evaluated by various parameters such as size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The optimal formulations (PHL2 & PHL7) were evaluated further for safety and efficacy. The compatibility of phyllanthin with excipients in selected formulations has been established by FTIR, DSC-TGA, and X-Ray diffraction studies. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on rats to establish the safety and efficacy of the selected liposomal formulations. A sustained drug release pattern and enhanced bioavailability have been achieved with the liposomal formulations. The results from the current study indicate that phyllanthin-loaded pegylated liposomes are safest and ensure the maximum circulation half-life (t1/2), MRT, and low elimination constant(Kel) compared to conventional liposomes and pure phyllanthin drugs. Thus pegylated liposomes can be used as a potential tool for oral administration of phyllanthin for chemotherapy.
A multivariable normal tissue complication probability model for predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the modern radiotherapy era
Authors: Wongwattananard Siriporn , Prayongrat Anussara , Srimaneek Natchalee , Hayter Anthony , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Kiatsupaibul Seksan , Veerabulyarith Puvarith , Rakvongthai Yothin , Ritlumlert Napat , Kitpanit Sarin , Kannarunimit Danita , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Chakkabat Chakkapong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RHT) is a common long-term complication for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors. A model using clinical and dosimetric factors for predicting risk of RHT could suggest a proper dose-volume parameters for the treatment planning in an individual level. We aim to develop a multivariable normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for RHT in NPC patients after intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The model was developed using clinical data and dose-volume data of thyroid and pituitary gland based on a standard backwards stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, then internally validated using 10-fold cross validation. The final NTCP model consisted of age, pre-treatment thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and mean thyroid dose. The model performance was good with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.749 on an internal (200 patients) and 0.812 on an external (25 patients) validation. The mean thyroid dose at ≤ 45Gy was suggested for treatment plan owing to an RHT incidence of 2% versus 61% in the > 45Gy group.