bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Chinese family with osteogenesis imperfecta type I
Authors: Niu Zhijie , Lai Yongjing , Zhou Wenwen , Liu Lingyuan , Tan Songhua , He Guangyao , Li Jingyu , Tang Fen , Su Yupei , Xu Yanglong , Liu Lei , Xie Lihong , Fang Qin , Tang Anzhou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta type I (OI‐I) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal deformity, bone fragility, blue sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and hearing loss. The current study aimed to confirm the clinical diagnosis and genetic cause of OI‐I in a four‐generation Chinese family.MethodsClinical investigation and pedigree analysis were conducted to characterize the phenotypic manifestations of a Chinese family with OI‐I. Follow‐up audiometry and imaging tests were used to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of stapes surgery in the proband with otosclerosis. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the pathogenic gene variants and for cosegregating analysis.ResultsWe described in detail the clinical features of the collected family with autosomal dominant OI‐I, and firstly identified a pathogenic splicing variant (c.2344‐1G>T) in intron 33 of COL1A1 in a Chinese family. The molecular analysis suggested that the mutation might cause splice site changes that result in a loss of gene function. The proband, who suffered from otosclerosis and presented two‐side middle‐severe conductive hearing loss, benefitted significantly from successive bilateral middle ear surgery.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of OI‐I in a Chinese family was established by clinical and genetic investigation. A heterozygous pathogenic splicing variant in COL1A1 was directly responsible for the bone fragility and hearing loss of this family. Otosclerosis surgery should be suggested to rehabilitate conductive hearing impairment in OI patients.
Experimental study of compaction localization in carbonate rock and constitutive modeling of mechanical anisotropy
Authors: Shahin Ghassan , Papazoglou Athanasios , Marinelli Ferdinando , Viggiani Gioacchino , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSedimentary rocks are inherently anisotropic and prone to strain localization. While the influence of rock anisotropy on the brittle/dilative regime has been studied extensively, its influence on the ductile/compactive regime is much less explored. This paper discusses the anisotropic behavior of a high‐porosity carbonate rock from central Europe (the Maastricht Tuffeau). A set of triaxial tests with concurrent x‐ray tomography has been performed at different confining pressures. The anisotropic characteristics of this rock have been investigated by testing samples cored at different inclinations of the bedding, thus revealing non‐negligible effects of the coring direction on yielding and compaction behavior. Specifically, samples cored perpendicular to bedding display higher strength and longer stages of post‐yielding deformation before manifesting re‐hardening. Despite such alterations of the inelastic response, Digital Image Correlation has revealed that the strain localization mode is independent of the coring direction, thus being primarily affected by the confinement level. To capture the observed interaction between material anisotropy and compaction behavior at the continuum‐scale, an elastoplastic constitutive law has been proposed. For this purpose, a set of tensorial bases has been introduced to replicate how the oriented rock fabric modulates the yielding and plastic flow characteristics of the material. The analyses show that the impact of the coring direction on yield function and plastic flow rule is fundamentally different, thus requiring the use of distinct projection strategies (a strategy here defined heterotopic mapping). The performance of the model, studied through parametric analyses and by calibrating the experimental results, illustrates the improved capability of the proposed constitutive approach when applied to strongly anisotropic porous rocks.
Efficacy of simulated video on test anxiety in objective structured clinical examination among nursing and midwifery students: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Abbasi Ali , Bazghaleh Milad , Fadaee Aghdam Nasrin , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Tanhan Ahmet , Montazeri Rasoul , Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis research investigated the effectiveness of simulated video on test anxiety in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) among nursing and midwifery students.DesignA quasi‐experimental study with a two‐group pre‐test and post‐test design.MethodsThis study was conducted on 118 nursing and midwifery students in Shahroud northeast of Iran in 2019 using the census sampling method. The intervention group received a 15‐minute OSCE simulation video half an hour before the test. Data were collected using the Sarason test anxiety questionnaire in two stages: one week before the test and after the simulation film was screened. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t‐test, Chi‐square, Exact fisher and Paired t‐test).ResultsAt baseline, no significant difference was observed between groups in the total mean score of test anxiety. The mean score of test anxiety significantly decreased in the OSCE simulation video group after the intervention.
Covalent Immobilization of Dehydrogenases on Carbon Felt for Reusable Anodes with Effective Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration
Authors: Pietricola Giuseppe , Chamorro Lesly , Castellino Micaela , Maureira Diego , Tommasi Tonia , Hernández Simelys , Wilson Lorena , Fino Debora , Ottone Carminna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study presents the immobilization with aldehyde groups (glyoxyl carbon felt) of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) on carbon‐felt‐based electrodes. The compatibility of the immobilization method with the electrochemical application was studied with the ADH bioelectrode. The electrochemical regeneration process of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD+), on a carbon felt surface, has been deeply studied with tests performed at different electrical potentials. By applying a potential of 0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl electrode, a good compromise between NAD+ regeneration and energy consumption was observed. The effectiveness of the regeneration of NAD+ was confirmed by electrochemical oxidation of ethanol catalyzed by ADH in the presence of NADH, which is the no active form of the cofactor for this reaction. Good reusability was observed by using ADH immobilized on glyoxyl functionalized carbon felt with a residual activity higher than 60 % after 3 batches.
Stabilizing the Homopolycation (I4)2+ with a Hexasulfate in (I4)[S6O19] and a Borosulfate in (I4)[B(S2O7)2]2
Authors: van Gerven David , Sutorius Stefan , Bruns Jörn , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe reaction of elemental iodine and SO3 in a sealed glass ampoule yielded a turquoise‐colored solution. At temperatures below 7 °C, deep red crystals of (I4)[S6O19] grow. With the addition of B2O3 and pyridine‐SO3 complex red crystals of (I4)[B(S2O7)2]2 can be obtained after heating the mixture to 120 °C. The combination of an (I4)2+ cation with oxoanions has previously not been observed. Both anions have a significant but different influence on the structural properties of the (I4)2+ cation.
Low‐loss percolative epsilon‐negative composites derived from the ultra‐low percolation threshold
Authors: Hou Qing , Wang Zongxiang , Tian Jiahong , Sun Kai , Ju Licheng , Fan Runhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, the mechanism of negative permittivity response with low losses in the silver nanowires/polyvinylidene fluoride composites were demonstrated. Due to the large aspect ratios of silver nanowires, ultra‐low percolation threshold () between 0.7 and 0.8 wt% was achieved with the losses effectively decreased by several orders of magnitude down to a low level of about 0.2. The negative permittivity response from Lorentz type and Drude type presented the transition from insulator to conductor. The tunable Drude type negative permittivity was ascribed to the plasma oscillation of free electrons, which leads to an inductive property. The conduction mechanism was switched from hopping to metallic conduction with the observation of skin effect. The epsilon‐negative materials with lower losses have potential applications in communication devices, such as novel capacitors and antennas.
Research on polyamide based self‐lubricating composites: A review
Authors: Yang Chao , Xie Guoxin , Kang Jiajie , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOwing to its good tribological and mechanical properties, polyamide material was widely applied to prepare sliding mechanical parts. A lot of studies confirmed that adding different functional materials or surface modifications to polyamide could reduce the friction coefficient, improve wear resistance and reduce water absorption, so as to prolong the service life of polyamide parts. This paper summarized the common reinforcement methods of polyamide materials: blending, surface modification and filler. The reinforcing mechanism of different fillers and polymers, the effects of different methods on the tribological properties, mechanical properties and water absorption of polyamide composites, and the preparation methods of polyamide composites have been systematically discussed.
Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission
Authors: Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Foster Charles , Rawlinson William , Tedla Nicodemus , Bull Rowena A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 variant that emerged late 2019. Soon after its discovery, BA.1 rapidly emerged to become the dominant variant worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. Omicron is of major public health concern owing to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. This review article examines the theories that have been proposed on the evolution of Omicron including zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals and cryptic spread in the community without being diagnosed. Added to the complexity of Omicron's evolution are the multiple reports of recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants of Omicron with Delta and other variants such as XE. Current literature suggests that the combination of the novel mutations in Omicron has resulted in the variant having higher infectivity than the original Wuhan‐Hu‐1 and Delta variant. However, severity is believed to be less owing to the reduced syncytia formation and lower multiplication in the human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging is that several studies indicate that the efficacy of the available vaccines have been reduced against Omicron variant (8–127 times reduction) as compared to the Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. The administration of booster vaccine, however, compensates with the reduction and improves the efficacy by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, the broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, including those approved by FDA for therapeutic use against previous SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, are mostly ineffective against Omicron with the exception of Sotrovimab and recent reports suggest that the Omicron BA.2 is also resistant to Sotrovimab. Currently two new Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5 are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants including Omicron BA.1 and most monoclonal antibodies. As new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 will likely continue to emerge it is important that the evolution, and biological consequences of new mutations, in existing variants be well understood.
Iterative fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear variant time‐delay systems
Authors: Li Feng , Kenan Du , Xu Shuiqing , Yi Chai , Zhang Ke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFault estimation (FE) and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) are remarkable techniques, have achieved great success in many applications such as robot, spacecraft, and industrial assembly line. This article aims to design an iterative‐learning scheme based FE and FTC method for a class of nonlinear system with iteration‐variant state delay and additive measurement noise. A Luenberger observer in iterative version is proposed to achieve the reconstruction of system state information, which consider the historical observation error in order to improve the observation performance in current iteration. To deal with bounded iteration‐variant state delay, an iterative‐learning scheme based fault estimator is designed and the convergence is proved. Compared with relevant methods which use system output observation residual to revise the FE result of last iteration, the proposed approach uses filtered system output observation residual in order to reduce the effect of measurement noise. Based on the FE result, FTC using signal compensation technique is employed. In addition, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed for parameters adaptive tuning. Compared with traditional manual adjustment of parameters, the proposed method can find the optimal parameters and save time of parameter tuning. Finally, three examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Investigation and Separation of Chromogenic Substances in Glyoxylic Acid Generated by Electrochemical Reduction of Oxalic Acid
Authors: Wang Xiyang , Ullah Siraj , Hu Shuozhen , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectroreduction of oxalic acid (OA) is an effective process to produce glyoxylic acid (GA). However, electrochemically generated GA solution is yellow, which lowers the quality of GA and affects the application in producing the downstream products. It is urgent to investigate the composition of chromogenic substances (CSs) and separate them from the GA solution. In this work, the presence of tartaric acid, glyceric acid, and pyruvic acid in the electrochemically generated GA solution is successfully confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry. Tartaric acid is originally generated from GA and glycolic acid, and then further reduced to obtain chromogenic glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. 92.97 % of CSs could be successfully removed from the GA solution by electrodialysis at 240.64 A/m2 and 25 °C. A separation of OA and GA is also achieved by electrodialysis. This study makes a significant contribution to the industrialization of electroreduction process to prepare GA.
Advances in the Chemistry of (−)‐D‐Swainsonine
Authors: Drogalin Artem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract(−)‐D‐Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid molecule with a fused piperidine and pyrrolidine ring system. It has been the first glycoprotein‐processing inhibitor to be selected for clinical testing as an anticancer drug. D‐Swainsonine is an effective inhibitor of both lysosomal α‐mannosidase and Golgi α‐mannosidase II. Lysosomal α‐mannosidase is involved in cellular degradation of polysaccharides, and Golgi α‐mannosidase is the key enzyme in processing asparagine‐linked glycoproteins. A nowadays challenge is to build up D‐swainsonine derivatives/analogues with high selectivity to Golgi α‐mannosidase II, in order to avoid metabolic issues associated with the drug. This review covers the last 18 years of literature in the synthesis of D‐swainsonine and substituted D‐swainsonines from common precursors. The work is organized in four main precursor structures, with the aim to assist in the choice of the synthetic methodology to introduce pertinent substituents at the D‐swainsonine core.
Recent Advances and Prospects in the Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Borah Biplob , Patat Mihir , Swain Sidhartha , Chowhan L. Raju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of novel nitrogen‐containing heterocycles as a result of their frequent existence in natural products, commercially available drugs, and optoelectronic materials is extremely demanding but challenging due to the involvement of toxic solvents, and sometimes transition‐metal catalyst(s) which are often associated with environmental safety concerns. 1,4‐dihydropyridine (1,4‐DHP), of synthetic and natural origin, are among one of the privileged classes of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, representing a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical properties, and has received considerable interest in medicinal and synthetic organic chemistry. Recognizing the prominent significance of this structural motif, substantial efforts have been paid not only for their expedient synthesis but also for the discovery of novel complex molecules by using them as key active building blocks. However, developing elegant synthetic processes provides effortless access to 1,4‐dihydropyridines by exploring environmentally friendly conditions with the primary goal of lowering the expenditure of the overall process is extremely demanding but challenging. In this mini‐review article, we have demonstrated a clear presentation of the recent transition‐metal‐free catalyzed synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines of potential therapeutic interests and covered the literature from 2015 to date.
Macro/Micro‐Environment Regulating Carbon‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen/Oxygen Conversion Reactions
Authors: Huo Juanjuan , Shen Ziyan , Cao Xianjun , Li Lu , Zhao Yufei , Liu Hao , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique atomic structure, maximized atom utilization, and remarkable catalytic performance. Among the SACs, the carbon‐supported SACs have been widely investigated due to their easily controlled properties of the carbon substrates, such as the tunable morphologies, ordered porosity, and abundant anchoring sites. The electrochemical performance of carbon‐supported SACs is highly related to the morphological structure of carbon substrates (macro‐environment) and the local coordination environments of center metals (micro‐environment). This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on the macro/micro‐environment regulating carbon‐supported SACs for highly efficient hydrogen/oxygen conversion reactions. The authors first summarize the macro‐environment engineering strategies of carbon‐supported SACs with altered specific surface areas and porous properties of the carbon substrates, facilitating the mass diffusion kinetics and structural stability. Then the micro‐environment engineering strategies of carbon‐supported SACs are discussed with the regulated atomic structure and electronic structure of metal centers, boosting the catalytic performance. Insights into the correlation between the co‐boosted effect from the macro/micro‐environments and catalytic activity for hydrogen/oxygen conversion reactions are summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are addressed in building highly efficient carbon‐supported SACs for practical applications.
A novel acceleration method for molecular dynamics of crystal silicon on GPUs using OpenACC
Authors: Liang Jianguo , Fu You , Hua Rong , Zhang Hao , Zhu Wenqiang , Ye Yuxi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared with CUDA and OpenCL, OpenACC has the advantages of simple programming, openness, and good portability for GPU acceleration. An OpenMP/OpenACC implementation for molecular dynamics of silicon crystal on GPUs is proposed. First, to make effective use of vectorization and streaming, data structure conversion and data dependence elimination are designed. Second, the parallel version on the single GPU is realized by adding OpenACC guidance sentences, with very few modifications. Third, a patch block strategy is proposed to realize the parallel version on single machine multi‐GPUs using OpenMP+OpenACC, which greatly simplifies the construction of shadow area and the exchange of shadow area data. Experimental results show that 23 to 25 speedup is achieved for the single GPU at different scales over the serial program on Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5‐2690 v4, and 6.37 speedup is achieved over the single GPU when the number of atoms reaches 2,097,152 on 8GPUs on single machine.
Benzodiazepine use and the risk of dementia
Authors: Joyce Geoffrey , Ferido Patricia , Thunell Johanna , Tysinger Bryan , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionBenzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed for anxiety and agitations, which are early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). It is unclear whether BZDs causally affect ADRD risk or are prescribed in response to early symptoms of dementia.MethodsWe replicate prior case‐control studies using longitudinal Medicare claims. To mitigate bias from prodromal use, we compare rates of ADRD diagnosis for beneficiaries exposed and unexposed to BZDs for cervical/lumbar pain, stenosis, and sciatica, none of which are associated with dementia.ResultsApproximately 8% of Medicare beneficiaries used a BZD in 2007, increasing to nearly 13% by 2013. Estimates from case‐control designs are sensitive to duration of look‐back period, health histories, medication use, and exclusion of decedents. Incident BZD use is not associated with an increased risk of dementia in an “uncontaminated” sample of beneficiaries prescribed a BZD for pain (odds ratios (ORs) of 1.007 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.885, 1.146] and 0.986 [95% CI = 0.877, 1.108], respectively, in the 2013 and 2013 to 2015 pooled samples). Higher levels of BZD exposure (>365 days over a 2‐year period) are associated with increased odds of a dementia diagnosis, but the results are not statistically significant at the 5% or 10% levels (1.190 [95% CI = 0.925, 1.531] and 1.167 [95% CI = 0.919, 1.483]).DiscussionWe find little evidence of a causal relation between BZD use and dementia risk. Nonetheless, providers should limit the extended use in elderly populations.
Supply Chains as Disruption
Authors: Rickards Lauren , Hinkson Melinda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore supply chains with an interest in the complex conjunctions of practice, values and effects that their underpinning modernist imaginary of “seamless circulation” precludes from view. The agricultural landscapes of northwest Victoria provide a compelling vantage from which to ground truth and trouble the idea of seamless circulation and relatedly the idea that disruptions are merely technical blips in otherwise well-oiled machines. Working between the interpretive lenses of Anna Tsing and Bernard Stiegler, supply chains emerge as artefacts of distinctive social formations, conduits of colonial capital power, and ultimately distancing mechanisms that separate people from places and each other. Yet supply chains are also imperfect and incomplete in their operations, and it is this observation that provides for creative responses and the hope of reinvigorating more grounded approaches to the production of food and practices of feeding.