bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Ideologies and Policies at Work: Obstructing Arabic Instruction from the French Colonial Era to the Present
Authors: Chakrani Brahim 
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes France’s language policies regarding Arabic instruction, considering the historical relationship with the Arabic language and its speakers, from colonial to postmodern eras. The polemic surrounding Arabic instruction in the schools of the republic is not a nascent political development regarding minority linguistic rights, but, rather, a byproduct of ideologically motivated educational policies that aim to marginalize the role of Arabic, both within the Arab world and the French diaspora. The debate demonstrates the centrality of language ideologies in shaping France’s identities, both nationally and abroad, and the maintenance of French as well as Arabic, the language of France’s largest minority. France has historically promoted the dominance of the French language, including Francophonie’s inception (Kasuya 2001; Vigouroux 2013) in the post-independence era and laïcité in modern-day France (Tetreault 2021). Analyzing current political debates in France shows that the circulating ideologies that characterizes teaching Arabic is not born in a vacuum, but, rather, it continues a legacy of contention that has characterized France’s relationship with the Arabic speaking world.
A comparative study of bacterial diversity based on effects of three different shade shed types in the rhizosphere of Panax quiquefolium L.
Authors: Wang Xianchang , Guo Xu , Hou Lijuan , Zhang Jiaohong , Hu Jing , Zhang Feng , Mao Jilei , Wang Zhifen , Zhang Congjing , Han Jinlong , Zhu Yanwei , Liu Chao , Sun Jinyue , Shan Chenggang 
Published: February 2022

Background
Shading is an important factor affecting the cultivation of American ginseng, as it influences crop quality and yield. Rhizosphere microorganisms are also crucial for normal plant growth and development. However, whether different shade types significantly change American ginseng rhizosphere microorganisms is unknown.

Methods
This study evaluated the rhizosphere soils of American ginseng under traditional, high flag and high arch shade sheds. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing determined the change of rhizosphere bacterial communities.

Results
The microbial diversity in rhizosphere soils of American ginseng significantly changed under different shading conditions. The bacteria diversity was more abundant in the high arch shade than flat and traditional shades. Different bacterial genera, including Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces and Nitrospira, showed significantly different abundances. Different shading conditions changed the microbial metabolic function in the American ginseng rhizosphere soils. The three types of shade sheds had specific enriched functional groups. The abundance of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters consistently increased in the bacterial microbiota. These results help understand the influence of shading systems on the rhizosphere microecology of American ginseng, and contribute to the American ginseng cultivation.
Post-COVID- 19 Mucormycosis: A Review
Authors: Patil Hemant , Spoorthy Mamidipalli Sai 
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims: After being affected by a severe second wave of COVID-19 with numerous cases and deaths, India is now facing new challenges due to the disease. One of these is the feared complication of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in post-infectious individuals. Case reports and research studies on this association are on the rise. Our goal is to conduct a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the distinctiveness of individuals with mucormycosis and COVID-19.
Methods: A literature search was done on the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library using the following keywords like COVID 19, Mucormycosis, Mucor, Novel coronavirus, and SARS CoV-2, a systematic.
Results: Studies have shown that history of diabetes mellitus and steroid treatments were the common possible factors for the increased post-covid-19 mucormycosis. Hyperglycemia secondary to uncontrolled hyperglycemic states like DM and immunosuppression secondary to covid-19 infection, steroid use form a vicious cycle causing mucormycosis.
Conclusion: Increased incidence of mucormycosis in India post-COVID infection appears to be due to a triad of diabetes, irrational steroid use, and COVID-19 itself. To decrease the frequency of deadly mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19, all attempts should be made to preserve optimal sugar levels in the body, and the use of corticosteroids should be restricted and should be given as per recommended by ICMR.
A Rare Entity of Desmoid Tumour: A Review
Authors: Bhagwat Yash , Kediya Anup 
Published: February 2022

Desmoid tumors are a rare monoclonal, fibrotic boom characterized by a variable and conventional scientific course. Desmoids are invasive and related to a high clot recurrence rate and no longer have cancerous activity. Desmoids are identified with the valuable resource of changes in the β-catenin gene A.P.C.
There are many troubles regarding the appropriate cure for victims with desmoid tumors. Rema the debate still; the surgical cure is the clinical way, without multiplying and related with significant attribute loss.
Therefore, the software of a multifunctional examination with multimodality therapy sorts the foundation of care for these patients. Waiting possibly be the most fabulous administration in some asymptomatic patients
Patients with desmoids positioned at the mesentery or head and neck should showcase life-threatening troubles and choose more excellent aggressive therapy. This evaluation article describes cure preferences and administration techniques for sufferers with desmoid tumors with a middle of interest on advanced disease.
Postoperative radiotherapy reduces the nearby recurrence rate in situations of worried surgical margins. Because of the heterogeneity of the biological behavior of desmoids, including prolonged periods of constant ailment or spontaneous regression, therapy desires to be individualized to optimize nearby tumors to manipulate and retain patients' exceptional of life.
Desmoids are hence an amazing uncommon tumor thing. Desmoids manifest between the age of 15 and 60 years. Still, in unique at some factor of late puberty, along with the maximum age of 30 yrs. 2 different kinds of desmoid tumors are shown. Except for spreading desmoid tumor oocarnce, there is a high-quality relation of desmoids...It can be related to the potential of persistent liver tissue damage and contamination accompanied by the beneficial aid of liver resuscitation. Meiotically lively liver cells, covered thru another environment, is most probable susceptible to hereditary stability is lost, and most cancers development.
Stigma Associated with Mental Health Problems: A Review
Authors: Kasturkar Pooja R. , Gawai Jaya , Sebastian Sr. Tessy , Gomase Kavita , Patil Manoj 
Published: February 2022

Stigma is the negative attitude towards a distinguishing negative trait or personal feature. Although there have been inflow of efficient and feasible mental health therapies and programs and medical advances, nothing could be effective to reduce stigma. Stigma results in negative outcomes including difficulties with employment, poor social life and a decreased quality of life and self-esteem. Health care professionals and community people have to raise voices against stigma. Effective way of tackling mental illness stigmas are speaking out freely about mental disorders, avoid self-stigma, avoid labeling and discrimination, avoiding use of insolent language for mentally ill and get proper treatment. Poor mental health literacy and stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness is more among community members so there is need to prevent the mental illness stigma in community and educate the people regarding mental health and measures to tackle mental illness stigma.
Anti-VEGF Therapy in Ophthalmology
Authors: Sharma Aanchal , Banait Shashank 
Published: February 2022

Angiogenesis is when the growth of new blood vessels occurs from the pre-existing vasculature, occurring in both healthy and pathological conditions.Usually, there is a balance maintained between angiogenesis regulators (angiogenesis promoting factors and angiogenesis inhibiting factors), but when this balance is lost, there is either too much or too little angiogenesis. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptor (VEGFR) are critical regulators of angiogenesis that promote it.It has been seen that it plays a significant role in the regeneration mechanism of blood vessels, inflammation of body tissues, cancer states, and wound healing. Various pathological conditions show increased VEGF activity.Nowadays, there has been increased use of anti-VEGF drugs, which target the vascular endothelial growth factor and slow down its action. The application of this therapy in ophthalmology is also becoming wider and wider. The implications of anti-VEGF dungs are cancers, rheumatological disorders, macular edema, various retinopathies, glaucoma, etc.
Anti-VEGF treatment comprises of three main drugs, namely-Avastin, Lucentis, and Eylea. Their efficiency has been proven to be equal with varying manufacturing costs, packaging, and associated risks.These are the brand names for bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, respectively, which have helped us achieve different milestones in treating all kinds of retinal diseases. Several other diseases like iris neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), corneal diseases also have been treated using anti-VEGF drugs. Like all drugs, anti-VEGF drugs also have some limitations and side effects, including short half-life, systemic side effects; therefore, the development of new drugs still goes on.
Assessment of 8-Hydroxy 2-Deoxyguanosine as Salivary Biomarker for Periodontitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kumar M. Ashwin Shravan , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine as a salivary biomarker for periodontitis with or without diabetes mellitus.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Materials and Methods: 30 patients were included in the study and were categorised into three groups: periodontal health (Group a), patients with periodontitis without diabetes mellitus (Group b) and patients with periodontitis only (Group c). Unstimulated salivary samples were taken. The OHdG concentration was evaluated using Sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay by commercially available human OHdG 96 well ELISA kit. The data were statistically analysed by One-Way -ANOVA. The Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used to test the significance at the levels of p<0.05.
Results: Salivary OHdG concentration in periodontal health, periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (P+DM), Periodontitis only (P) were analysed. Salivary OHdG concentration was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (38±2.82 ng/L) when compared with periodontitis only (20.5±2.12 ng/L) and also when compared with healthy controls (11.5±2.12 ng/L).
Conclusion: Diabetic patients with periodontitis have increased 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine than non-diabetic counterparts. Thus salivary 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine is an effective non-invasive biomarker to assess periodontitis among patients.
Quantification of Caspase 3 Levels in Patients with Periodontitis with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hanin S. M. Azima , Jeevitha M. , Jayakumar N. D. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a debilitating systemic disease with several major complications affecting the quality and length of life. Periodontal disease has been considered another diabetic complication in addition to cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease. Caspase-3 plays an important role in intracellular signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis. High levels of glucose could induce human periodontal ligament fibroblast apoptosis.
Aim: The aim of the study is to compare caspase 3 levels in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: 30 patients were included in the study and they are divided into 3 groups: Group a- Periodontal health; Group b- Periodontitis with diabetes mellitus and Group c- Periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from 30 patients using expectoration into sterile bulbs. Caspase 3 levels in saliva samples were measured in duplicate using a commercially available Human Caspase-3 (CASP3) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit. Results were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant differences between the mean values were measured using Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test using Graph Pad Prism version 5. The results with the p < 0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: From this study, it was observed that there was a significant increase of caspase 3 levels in periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus (86.29±24.25 pmol/L) when compared to periodontitis patients without diabetes (55.06±12.90 pmol/L). The results showed a positive correlation and high level of significance when compared between periodontally healthy patients and periodontitis patients along with diabetes mellitus (86.29±24.25 pmol/L). Also, relatively significant results were observed in comparison between periodontally healthy patients (43.37±15.35 pmol/L) and patients with periodontitis without diabetes mellitus (55.06±12.90 pmol/L). Please add the most important statistical values.
Conclusion: The present study showed that caspase-3 concentrations in saliva increases in patients with periodontitis complicated along with diabetes mellitus. Moreover, saliva concentrations of caspase-3 increase with periodontal disease and caspase-3 plays a role as a biomarker of periodontal disease and its progression.
Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ficus benghalensis
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Background: Nanoparticles are materials with overall dimensions in the nanoscale, ie, under 100 nm. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown excellent bactericidal properties against a wide range of microorganisms. Ficus benghalensis is a very large tree and had been considered as effective, economical and safe treatments for curing various diseases.
Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of AgNPs synthesized using F. benghalensis.
Materials and Methods: Bio-mediated synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using F. benghalensis is a promising alternative to traditional chemical synthesis. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs was synthesized using DPPH radical scavenging assay. 1 gm of F. benghalensis mixed with 100 mL of distilled water and boiled in 60-70 degree celsius in the heating mantle for 10-15 minutes. Add filtered using Whatman no. 1 filter paper. 20 milli molar (0.574g) of silver was dissolved in 60mL of distilled water. 40 mL of filtered F. benghalensis extract is mixed with 60 mL of silver nanoparticles.
Results: ​ The activity of F. benghalensis extract was compared with standard ascorbic acid by measuring absorption intensity in the spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 517 nm. While increasing the concentration (10 µL, 20 µL, 30 µL, 40 µL, 50 µL) of F. benghalensis extracts, the percentage of inhibition of DPPH also increased.
Conclusion: ​In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of silver nanoparticles using F. benghalensis. Thus the synthesized F. benghalensis mediated silver nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.
Yellow‐Emissive Carbon Dots with High Solid‐State Photoluminescence
Authors: Guo Jiazhuang , Lu Yushuang , Xie An‐Quan , Li Ge , Liang Zhi‐Bin , Wang Cai‐Feng , Yang Xiaoning , Chen Su 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) present an enticing prospect for a variety of optical applications relying on their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). Herein, the synthesis, optical properties, structural characterizations, density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, and potential applications of yellow‐emissive CDs (Y‐CDs) with ultra‐high PL QY are reported. Solvothermal treatment of citric acid and urea in toluene, followed by column chromatography, produces Y‐CDs exhibiting excitation‐independent PL emission at 553 nm with a high solution PL QY of 92%. A variety of optical and structural characterizations and DFT theoretical calculations are implemented to confirm the general structure and fluorescence origin of Y‐CDs, conjugated sp2‐carbon domains (fused rings) with edge groups. Significantly, transparent Y‐CDs/acrylic resin films with strong solid‐state emissions are fabricated. The Y‐CD films exhibit a high fluorescence with PL QY of 98%, good PL stability (no PL variation under continuous irradiation for 180 h), and large Stokes shift (129 nm). The potential applications of Y‐CDs for luminescent solar concentrators as well as yellow phosphors for lighting are also demonstrated. These findings thus promote the development of high‐performance CDs and their optoelectronic applications.
RVEX: Right Ventricular External Device for Biomimetic Support and Monitoring of the Right Heart
Authors: Pirozzi Ileana , Kight Ali , Shad Rohan , Han Amy Kyungwon , Dual Seraina A. , Fong Robyn , Jia Allison , Hiesinger William , Yock Paul , Cutkosky Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) failure remains a significant burden for patients with advanced heart failure, especially after major cardiac surgeries such as implantation of left ventricular assist devices. Device solutions that can assist the complex biological function of heart muscle without the disadvantages of bulky designs and infection‐prone drivelines remain an area of pressing clinical need, especially for the right ventricle. In addition, devices that incur contact between blood and artificial surfaces mandate long‐term use of blood‐thinning medications, carrying increased risks for the patients. This work describes the design of a biomimetic, elastic sleeve to support RV‐specific motion via tuned regional mechanical properties. The RV external device (RVEX) in computational models as well as benchtop models and ex vivo (i.e., explanted heart) setups are evaluated to characterize the device and predict functional benefit. Additionally, long‐term implantation potential is demonstrated in mice. Finally, the ability to sensorize the RVEX device to yield resistive self‐sensing capabilities to continuously monitor ventricular deformation, as demonstrated in benchtop experiments and in live animal surgeries, is proposed.
PIWI‐Interacting RNA HAAPIR Regulates Cardiomyocyte Death After Myocardial Infarction by Promoting NAT10‐Mediated ac4C Acetylation of Tfec mRNA
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Lu‐Yu , Liu Fang , Lin Liang , Ju Jie , Tian Peng‐Chao , Liu Cui‐Yun , Li Xin‐Min , Chen Xin‐Zhe , Wang Tao , Wang Fei , Wang Shao‐Cong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yu‐Hui , Tian Jin‐Wei , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are abundantly expressed in heart. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms during myocardial infarction remain unknown. Here, a heart‐apoptosis‐associated piRNA (HAAPIR), which regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)‐mediated N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation of transcription factor EC (Tfec) mRNA transcript, is identified. HAAPIR deletion attenuates ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial infarction and ameliorate cardiac function compared to WT mice. Mechanistically, HAAPIR directly interacts with NAT10 and enhances ac4C acetylation of Tfec mRNA transcript, which increases Tfec expression. TFEC can further upregulate the transcription of BCL2‐interacting killer (Bik), a pro‐apoptotic factor, which results in the accumulation of Bik and progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The findings reveal that piRNA‐mediated ac4C acetylation mechanism is involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HAAPIR‐NAT10‐TFEC‐BIK signaling axis can be potential target for the reduction of myocardial injury caused by cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemia heart diseases.
Fully Hydrocarbon Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers: An Engineering Perspective
Authors: Nguyen Hien , Klose Carolin , Metzler Lukas , Vierrath Severin , Breitwieser Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerfluorinated‐sulfonic‐acid‐based ionomers (PFSAs) are still the material of choice for electrochemical energy devices such as proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells or water electrolyzers. However, PFSAs show significant drawbacks ranging from a restricted temperature window of operation due to the insufficient thermomechanical stability, high cost, and questionable environmental properties. Recently, novel hydrocarbon‐based ionomers have been introduced, which not only have the potential to overcome these limitations, but also for the first time show promising performance, approaching that of PFSA‐based fuel cells and electrolyzers. This article summarizes the recent developments in this emerging field with a particular focus on the engineering of membrane‐electrode assemblies with hydrocarbon‐based polymer electrolytes. In the final part, the necessary key innovations are discussed, which are required for hydrocarbon ionomers to replace PFSAs in fuel cells and electrolyzers in the future.
Charge‐Enriched Strategy Based on MXene‐Based Polypyrrole Layers Toward Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Yongzheng , Cao Zhenjiang , Liu Sijin , Du Zhiguo , Cui Yanglansen , Gu Jianan , Shi Yongzheng , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough zinc metal anodes have some intrinsic advantages for aqueous zinc ion batteries, the notorious dendrites hamper its practical applications. Herein, a charge‐enriched strategy through MXene‐based polypyrrole (MXene‐mPPy) layers is explored toward dendrite‐free Zn metal anode. The MXene‐mPPy layers composed of mesoporous PPy on both sides of Ti3C2Tx‐MXene exhibit an exceptional charge enrichment ability (149 F g−1, 5 mV s−1), which is beneficial not onlying terms of accumulating the charge levels, but also to homogenize the dispersions of electric field and ion flux as used as an artificial interface on a Zn anode. Thus, a dendrite‐free Zn anode with an ultralong cycling lifespan up to 2500 h and superior rate capability is achieved, which is further applied as an anode for aqueous zinc ion batteries with a long‐term span over 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1.