bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis assemblages in children among the rural and urban population of Pondicherry, India
Authors: Langbang Dashwa , Dhodapkar Rahul , Parija Subhash Chandra , Premarajan K. C. , Rajkumari Nonika 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Giardiasis is one of the greatest public parasitic infections causing diarrheal and also known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality, among the children's particularly in developing countries with less cleanliness practices. Thus, studying genomic variety of Giardia intestinalis aids to improve our perspective related to the variability in the genome of the parasite.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 1006 stool samples were collected from the rural (n = 500) and urban settings (n = 506) from the children (<15 years) with and without symptoms and were screened for the presence of G. intestinalis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting triosephosphate isomerase gene. Further, all PCR-positive amplicons were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism using RsaI restriction enzyme.

Results:
Of the total 1006 stool samples, 500 samples from rural screened by PCR 108 (21%) were found to be positive for assemblage A, 116 (23.2%) belong to assemblage B, and 5 (1%) were mixed assemblages (A + B). Whereas in urban, of the 506 samples screened by PCR, 92 (18.1%) were found to be positive for assemblage A, 93 (18.3%) assemblage B, and 10 (1.9%) were mixed assemblages (A + B). No significant difference was found between the G. intestinalis assemblages with clinical details of symptomatic and asymptomatic in children.

Conclusions:
This signifies the first study inspection in our location to shed lights and delivers some preliminary data on assemblages and subassemblages. The results suggest that anthroponotic transmission could be a foremost transmission path for giardiasis among the study population.
High prevalence of neurocysticercosis among patients with epilepsy in a tertiary care hospital of Assam, India
Authors: Devi K. Rekha , Borbora Debasish , Upadhyay Narayan , Goswami Dibyajyoti , Rajguru S. K. , Narain Kanwar 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease of the central nervous system, which is caused by the metacestode of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The present unicentric, hospital-based, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the contribution of NCC as a cause of active epilepsy among patients attending a tertiary health care center in Assam, India.

Materials and Methods:
Over a period of 2 years, 152 active epilepsy patients were investigated based on clinical, epidemiological, neuroimaging (contrast-enhanced computerized tomography), and immunological techniques to establish the diagnosis of NCC. A precoded questionnaire was administered to patients and/or guardians to collect detailed medical history.

Results:
Ninety-three cases (61.2%) fulfilled either definitive or probable diagnostic criteria for NCC. Anti-cysticercus immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected by ELISA and enzyme electro-immune transfer blot in 69 (45.4%) active epilepsy patients. Seroprevalence was higher in males, 46.6% (54/116); than in females, 41.7% (15/36), and increased significantly with age; peaking in the 20–39 years age group (36/76; χ2 = 5.64; P = 0.02). Among the seropositive cases, 54 (78.3%) were diagnosed with NCC. A significantly higher number of seropositive individuals were diagnosed with NCC in the 20–39 years age group as compared to the 40 years and above age group (χ2 = 6.28; P = 0.01). The association between seropositivity for NCC, and the number of lesions in the brain was statistically significant (χ2 = −8.33; P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
This study indicates that NCC is a major cause of active epilepsy in Assam. A high prevalence of pediatric NCC is also a major concern.
Utility of smear examination, culture, and serological tests in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis/post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis at National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi
Authors: Singhai Monil , Kakkar Neeru , Gupta Naveen , Bala Manju , Singh Ram , Singh Sujeet K. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
A range of assays have been developed to detect specific antileishmanial antibody, such as rK 39 immunochromatographic test (ICT), KE 16 ICT, ELISA test, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), which play a crucial role in serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, limited published reports are available on the utility of serological test (IFAT test/rk 39), smear examination, and culture in the diagnosis of VL and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in our country.

Materials and Methods:
We present utility of serological test (IFAT test/rK 39), smear examination for Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies, and culture in 2589 samples from 2294 VL/PKDL suspected patients (January 2009–December 2019) tested in Centre for Arboviral and Zoonotic diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India, for laboratory diagnosis of VL/PKDL.

Results:
A total of 80/553 (14.4%) cases were confirmed of VL (74/522 cases by demonstration of LD bodies in bone marrow smear examination, 5/12 in splenic smear examination 1/19 by culture) and 4/21 (19.0%) cases were confirmed of PKDL (demonstration of LD bodies in slit skin smear examination. In our study 197/1368 (14.4%) cases were diagnosed positive by IFAT, 34/646 (5.2%) cases by rk 39 ICT for VL/PKDL by demonstration of specific antileishmanial antibodies.

Conclusion:
As the goal of elimination of VL as a public health problem is approaching, apart from serological tests such as rk 39 and IFAT, direct methods of detection such as (parasitic demonstration in BM smear, culture, and molecular tests) for Leishmania may play a crucial role for achieving a correct diagnosis and treatment. We also concluded that IFAT though not field-friendly, its optimal use as an adjunct test with BM smear in all stages of infections may be required. Further rk39 is a simple, reliable, noninvasive, and field-friendly test for diagnosis VL, especially in endemic areas.
Simulated cases to improve “real-life” communication between physician assistants and pharmacy students
Authors: Weidman-Evans Emily , Barbo Ashley , Stewart Roxie , Fort Ashley 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: It is important to construct interprofessional education activities that simulate realistic practice, even if students are in different physical locations. This manuscript outlines an effort to provide an activity in which physician assistants and pharmacy students carry out a case-based simulation via telecommunication in their final didactic semester.
Programme description: Both professions were tasked with providing optimal care to patients during a busy workday of managing multiple patients simultaneously.
Evaluation: Instructional objectives were assessed through a follow-up quiz on the other’s profession, reflection questions, and appropriate documentation for each profession. Student perceptions of communication methods and the other profession were collected via an optional survey.
Future plan: Based on overall responsiveness to the activity, this type of simulation is effective for providing interprofessional education while overcoming the common barriers of physical location and space.
Supplemental instruction in pharmacy education: Lessons learned from collected perceptions
Authors: Collier Sarah P. , Gill Kayce D. , Phipps Stephen D. , Mercer Susan L. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Supplemental Instruction (SI) is an internationally-recognised academic support programme serving students in historically challenging courses across higher education via peer-assisted learning.
Methods: A survey was deployed to gather perceptions of SI among student pharmacists, near-peer leaders, faculty, and staff of a traditional, four-year doctor of pharmacy programme hosted by a private institution in the United States.
Results: Ninety-eight participants shared perceptions and viewpoints of the SI programme. Overall, positive perceptions were expressed and were independent of proximity to either attending sessions (students) or teaching activities (faculty). Student respondents identified audience-response polling or “gamification” as the most effective modality while the traditional use of student small groups was deemed less useful. Curiously, the student results also support SI improving student-faculty interactions.
Conclusion: Given the current landscape of pharmacy education, it is critical to provide the best resources possible to ensure student success, and SI is an easily adaptable model to support student pharmacists.
Scalp threading - new treatment option for Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Arsova Elena 
Published: June 2022

Background: Patients nowadays seek treatment, not only to prevent the existing hair loss but more so to regain new hair with good thickness and density. Cochrane review reports that the efficacy of finasteride and minoxidil for AGA varies between 40% and 60%, which implies that a significant number of patients go bald despite therapy. New treatment modalities, like Scalp Threading, Autologous stem cells, Cu-peptides, have beneficial role in hair regrowth. Observation: The dialog between mesenchymal and epithelial compartment of the hair follicle is essential for maintaining the normal hair growth, and is performed through signaling pathways and molecules. The Wnt pathway is considered to be the master regulator of hair growth and hair follicle cycling. In AGA, DHT inhibits hair growth by interfering with the Wnt pathway which results in arrest of the cells proliferation and differentiations, and seize of hair growth. Key Message: Scalp Threading is the novel treatment that stimulates the hair follicle cells proliferation, extends the anagen phase of hair growth and upregulates the growth factors. A single application of threads results in hair growth comparable to that achieved with consecutive applications of minoxidil. Considering its long-lasting and proliferating potentials, Scalp Threading can be considered a good treatment option for patients with AGA.
ESTIMATE OF HETEROSIS AND HETEROBELTIOSIS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF YIELD IN UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
Authors: Khuwaja S. , Bux H. , Abro S. , Rizwan M. , Kaleri G. M. 
Published: June 2022

The enhancing seed cotton yield per acre of the crop is a prime concern of breeding programmes. To achieve high degree of heterotic response, it is essential to have knowledge about performance of desirable parents . Therefore, research was undertaken to assess the expression of heterotic effects in cross combination of upland cotton in F1 crosses. The research work was carried out using six cross combinations sown under field condition during 2018 at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam experimental farm. The crosses were obtained by the combinations of four genotypes in half diallel method. The trial was conducted in a three replications with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Observations were made for plant height (cm), sympodial branches plant-1, number of bolls plant-1 , weight boll (g) and yield of plant-1 (g). Results showed that crosses exhibited significant cross vigour while compared with mid and better parents. The crosses Sadori × CRIS-342 and Sadori × NIA-Noori displayed significant heterotic effects for characters under studied. For development of hybrid in cotton, cross combinations of these parents Sadori × CRIS-342 and Sadori × NIA-Noori will give highest heterosis for yield of plant-1, bolls plant-1 and weight of bolls. Therefore, the above F1 transgressive and heterotic hybrids can be exploited to create genetic variability followed by selection of high yielding in cotton genotypes to establish strains with superior and improved characteristics in segregating filial generations.
DOES MICRO HYDROPOWER IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE CROP? A CASE OF RURAL KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Authors: Ahmad M. , Jan I. 
Published: June 2022

Micro hydropower (MHP) schemes play an important role in socio-economic development of an area. This study attempts to identify the effects of MHP schemes on productivity of maize crop in three selected tehsils namely Alpuri, Besham and Puran of district Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 220 households were randomly selected from the selected tehsils. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey. Binary logit model was used to find out the effects of MHP scheme on productivity of maize crop in the research area. The results of the estimated model confirm that MHP scheme has a positively significant effect on productivity of maize crop and thereby, income of people in the study area, as shown by the p-value less than 0.05. The overall model was highly significant which confirms that MHP positively affects productivity of maize crop and income of the farmers. The study concludes that electricity produced from MHP schemes has an important role in socio-economic and sustainable agricultural development in the research area in specific and rural areas in general.
Help-Seeking Preferences and Factors Associated with Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services Among First-Year Undergraduates
Authors: Samuel Rosalia , Kamenetsky Stuart B. 
Published: June 2022

Many first-year university students experience stressors that impact their adjustment and well-being. Their help-seeking attitudes and preferred sources of support may be associated with various factors. The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine help-seeking preferences amongst first-year university students, (2) explore factors associated with students’ attitudes toward seeking mental health services, and (3) identify perceived barriers associated with accessing formal sources of support. First-year students at a Canadian university (N = 167) completed a survey assessing help-seeking attitudes and preferences, as well as challenges associated with seeking support. Participants also provided information about their perceived levels of social support, personality characteristics, and their tendency to experience positive and negative affect. Findings suggest that social support and negative affect were significantly associated with positive attitudes toward seeking mental health services. However, students were more inclined to rely on informal sources of support, such as family members and friends, compared to formal sources of support available through on- or off-campus mental health services. For thosestudents who are inclined to access formal mental health support, barriers may impede access to care. Perceived barriers include cost and concerns about the availability of services and their overall effectiveness. These findings call for the creation of more opportunities for on-campus informal support in addition to better access to on-campus mental health services.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION- A CASE STUDY
Authors: Bhandari Rahul 
Published: June 2022

Internationalization in higher education is rapidly gain importance as educational institutions respond to globalization effects. Earlier, there are several models and frameworks indicated by researchers to analyze the internationalization process in any institution; this study uses the Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) framework to analyze the nature and development of the internationalization of Indian higher education and suggest that the internationalization process is dynamic. The framework of DST includes 5 primary levels, i.e., Global, National, Institutional, Program and Personal, each level includes further 5 components such as Purposes, Programs, Approaches, Projects and Outcomes, and every level has its environment, and a developmental range depends on the dynamic connection across the factors. There are three states, such as Initial, Attractor, and Control Parameters are other vital factors in examining the internationalization of higher education at individual levels. Internationalization of O.P. Jindal Global University will be discussed as a case study of implementing a dynamic systems approach to the internationalization of Indian higher education. This study aims to provide theoretical and practical implications for defining, developing, and strengthening the internationalization of Indian higher education through the DST framework.
İbn Hazm’a Göre Delâilü’n-Nübüvve Bağlamında Mucizenin Konumu
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Kelâm ekolleri genel olarak mûcize meselesini, mûcizenin tanımı, şartları, gerçekleşme biçimleri ve nübüvvete delil oluşturmadaki konumu bakımından incelemeye tabi tutarlar. Biz bu çalışmada kelâm ekollerinin mûcize konusuna yaklaşımlarını kısaca ele alarak aktardık. İbn Hazm’ın da bu konudaki görüşünü ve kabul ettiği şartları ortaya koyduk.
Mûcize konusu kelâmî ekollerin karakteristik farklılıklarının çok etki etmediği bir konudur ve genelde ortak kabuller daha fazladır. İbn Hazm da bu konuda genel yaklaşımlarla uyum içindedir. Ancak mûcizenin tanımı ve nübüvvete delil oluşu bakımından kelâmcıların geneliyle aynı ifadeler kullansa da ‘mûcizenin nübüvvete delil oluşu’ konusunda bazı farklı yaklaşımları da olmuştur. Bu konuya getirmiş olduğu bakış açısını incelediğimizde İbn Hazm’ın; Kur’an dışındaki mûcizelerde tehaddînin şart koşulmasını doğru bulmadığını ispat etmeye çalıştığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte O, Kur’an’ın belâgat yönünden mûcize olup olmaması hakkındaki görüşlerinde İslam ulemasının genelinden farklı bir yol takip etmiştir.
O, Allah’ın kelâmında belâgat açısından Arap belâgatı ile bir ortaklığının olamayacağını düşünür. Bunun yanında o, mûcizenin delil oluşuna verdiği önemden ötürü mûcizeye benzer yönleri bulunmakla birlikte mûcize kategorisine girmeyen gerek keramet gibi dini gerek din dışı sayılan sihir ve büyü gibi bazı olağan üstü haletleri de reddetme yoluna gitmiştir.
Analisis Implementasi Model Pembelajaran berbasis Etnosains dalam Pembelajaran Tematik di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Thalaat Muh , Wawan Mulyadi Purnama  , Nishfiya Ramdoniati  
Published: June 2022

Pembelajaran Etnosains merupakan salah satu terobosan baru dalam dunia pendidikan yang menggabungkan antara budaya dengan sains. Etnosains mengangkat budaya dan kearifan lokal untuk dijadikan objek pembelajaran sehingga membuat pembelajaran lebih bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis etnosains sehingga guru dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran tematik MI dengan memahami sumber belajar yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan penggunaaan metode dalam menyampaikan materi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak tiga MI di Kecamatan Lenek, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1) Perencanaan Penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis etnosains di tiga MI yang berada di Kecamatan Lenek, Kabupaten Lombok Timur masih belum terencana namun pihak sekolah secara tidak sadar telah menerapkan etnosains, penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis etnosains sudah berjalan dengan baik hal ini dibuktikan dengan guru mampu menentukan kearifan lokal dan memilah materi yang akan diintegrasikan dalam mata pelajaran IPA dalam pembelajaran tematik berbasis kearifan lokal, dan dalam proses evaluasi terdapat evaluasi sesuai dengan standar evaluasi dalam kurikulum 2013 yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik 2) Penggunaan sumber belajar kurang maksimal, seharusnya dalam pembelajaran etnosains guru dapat memanfaatkan sumber belajar lainnya, seperti lingkungan sekitar, video, dan internet. 3) Guru dapat menggunakan berbagai macam metode seperti observasi, demonstrasi, diskusi, proyek, eksperimen, dan karya wisata.
Alterações Neuropsicológicas no Transtorno Bipolar
Authors: Assunção Izabely Lima , Coelho Déborah Calado , Meinertz Eduarda Felipe , Costa Fábio Mendonça da , Regadas Mariana Silva , Carreiro Matheus , Dias Maria Teresa , Salomão Vitor Palmeira , Tramontin Ingrid Monteiro , Farias Luan Pinho , Rodrigues Júlia Barbosa , Nascimento Andressa Barros de Sousa , Castro Kaline dos Santos Kishishita , Gonçalo Sarah Mota , Britto Maria Fernanda de Lima , Vale Raíssa Thaynana Torres 
Published: June 2022

O transtorno bipolar (TB) é uma das patologias psiquiátricas consideradas mais graves, e com uma taxa alta de suicídio entre os portadores. Os sintomas podem variar de leves a graves de acordo com o tipo de transtorno bipolar, seja ele tipo I ou II. O Objetivo desta revisão sistemática é levantar dados e informações a respeito das alterações que o TB causa na vida das pessoas que possuem essa patologia. A metodologia utilizada para o levantamento dos dados, foram a pesquisa de artigos em bases de dados como Pubmed, Scielo, e Google Acadêmico, compreendendo os anos de 2015 a 2022. Os resultados encontrados foram unânimes em relação às consequências e danos que o TB causa aos portadores, dentre eles, a influência sobre as funções cognitivas, e comportamentais dos indivíduos, desde a fase infantil. Podemos concluir que os achados dessa revisão contribuem e servem como um suporte para o conhecimento e conscientização sobre a importância do diagnóstico precoce e possíveis tratamentos, para que os sintomas sejam amenizados, e consequentemente o sofrimento dos portadores também.
Os desafios do microempreendedor: uma análise pós pandemia do Covid-19
Authors: Santos Aline Batista dos , Santos Camila Silva Evangelista dos , Costa Denis Honorato 
Published: June 2022

Este artigo refere-se aos desafios enfrentados durante o período de pandemia que estamos vivenciando no mundo e os impactos gerados na vida das micro e pequenas empresas. O ano de 2020 marcou a história da humanidade com o surgimento de um dos piores eventos que atingiu o mundo e afetou negativamente a economia inclusive no Brasil. A pandemia provocada pelo Coronavírus (Covid-19), obrigando diversos setores da economia a se reinventarem, diante dos inúmeros desafios impostos pelas consequências do vírus em toda cadeia produtiva e consumidora, levando-os a inovação ou até mesmo falência. O objetivo é discutir estratégias através das limitações impostas pelo isolamento social. Para composição desta revisão da literatura, foram realizadas busca entre fevereiro a maio, por material científico relacionado as principais Bases de Administração, por meio de bases de dados como: Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados artigos e livros com texto disponível na íntegra que tivessem relação com o tema proposto, escritos em português, em consulta às bases metodológicas administrativas, com base trabalhos publicados nos últimos 02 anos. Inicialmente foram listados em torno de 7.130 resultados de artigos com as respectivas palavras-chaves: Pandemia da Covid-19; Dificuldades financeiras; Microempreendedores. Onde 16 destes foram escolhidos aleatoriamente, mas que estivessem diretamente ligados ao tema deste trabalho. Consideramos que as estratégias de marketing digital se consolidam como uma realidade no mercado atual, configurando-se como meio rápido, barato e eficaz de empresas com menor grau de investimento alavancarem seus faturamentos. Ou seja, o avanço tecnológico continua sendo a melhor alternativa para os empreendedores.