bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal and Plasma Metabolomes in New-onset Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Correlations with Disease Characteristics and Plasma Inflammation Protein Markers
Authors: Nyström Niklas , Prast-Nielsen Stefanie , Correia Mario , Globisch Daniel , Engstrand Lars , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTo advance the understanding of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] pathophysiology, we compared the mucosal and plasma metabolomes between new-onset paediatric IBD patients and symptomatic non-IBD controls, and correlated plasma inflammation markers and disease characteristics with the altered metabolites.MethodsPaired colonic and ileal biopsies and plasma from 67 treatment-naïve children with incident Crohn’s disease [CD; n = 47], ulcerative colitis [UC; n = 9], and non-IBD controls [n = 11] were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [UPLC-MS/MS]. Inflammatory plasma proteins [n = 92] were assessed.ResultsThe metabolomes in inflamed mucosal biopsies differed between IBD patients and controls. In CD, mucosal levels of several lysophospholipids [lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidyletanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols, and lysophosphatidylserines] were decreased, correlating with various plasma metabolites including amino acid analogues and N-acetylated compounds. In both CD and UC, mucosal sphingolipids, including ceramide [d18:2/24:1, d18:1/24:2], lactosyl-N-palmitoyl-sphingosine [d18:1/16:0], behenoyl sphingomyelin [d18:1/22:0], lignoceroyl sphingomyelin [d18:1/24:0], and/or sphingomyelin [d18:1/24:1, d18:2/24:0] were increased, correlating with sphingolipids, bile acids, and/or N-acetylated metabolites in plasma. Among proteins associated with CD, interleukin-24 correlated with plasma metabolites, including lactosyl-N-palmitoyl sphingosine [d18:1/16:0] and phosphatidyletanolamine [18:1/18:1], haemoglobin, and faecal calprotectin. In UC, interleukin-24, interleukin-17A, and C-C motif chemokine 11 correlated with several plasma metabolites, including N-acetyltryptophan, tryptophan, glycerate, and threonate, and with the Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index, C-reactive protein, and faecal calprotectin.ConclusionsMucosal perturbations of lysophospholipids and sphingolipids characterised the metabolome in new-onset paediatric IBD and correlated with plasma metabolites. By integrating plasma metabolomics data with inflammatory proteins and clinical data, we identified clinical and inflammatory markers associated with metabolomic signatures for IBD.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Pakistan
Authors: Memon Feroz S , Wang Wei , Beaney Thomas , Bai Kavita , Poulter Neil R , Ishaq Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe May Measurement Month (MMM) screening campaigns comprise an opportunistic assessment of the arterial blood pressure (BP) of Pakistani adults (≥18 years old) and evaluate the level of awareness and spectrum of the problem of hypertension and the associated risk factors. The prospective study was carried out in May 2018 in multiple medical screening camps at hospitals, pharmacies, and public areas with the help of local health care workers under ethical guidelines. The volunteers took BP measurements using OMRON digital BP devices, in a seated position, and three successive readings were noted after 5 min rest. The mean values of the second and third readings were attained. Data were analysed centrally by the MMM project management team and multiple imputations were performed, where BP readings were missing. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or in those taking antihypertensive medication. This study included 25 076 participants, of whom 14 726 (58.7%) were hypertensive. Among all hypertensives, only 11 681 were aware of their hypertension status. After imputation, age and gender standardization, mean systolic and diastolic BP were 129.8 mmHg and 82.9 mmHg, respectively. MMM17 data revealed that 55.2% of those screened were hypertensive in Pakistan, while in 2018 the proportion rose slightly to 58.7%. The prevalence of hypertension among those screened for MMM in Pakistan was high in both years. Although most patients with hypertension were treated, the majority remained uncontrolled. Further efforts to improve awareness and control are needed.
May Measurement Month 2017–2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Ukraine
Authors: Mishchenko Larysa A , Kolesnik Tetyana V , Khomazyuk Tetyana A , Sirenko Yurii M , Fedorov Serhiy V , Wang Wei , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R , Zelenenka Liliya I , Matova Olena O , Yevstigneeva Olena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is a key cardiovascular disease risk factor leading to premature mortality worldwide. The purpose of the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign in Ukraine is to improve awareness of hypertension at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) were screened at sites in Ukraine. Data from the MMM17 (19 sites), MMM18 (1 site), and MMM19 (5 sites) campaigns are included in the present analysis. Ideally, three blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg (based on the mean of the second and third readings) or being on antihypertension medication. Multiple imputation was used to estimate participants’ mean BP where readings were missing. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between BP and participant characteristics. Of all 46 549 screenees, 33 307 (71.6%) had hypertension, and 82.6% of whom were on antihypertensive medication. Of all those on medication, 31.4% were controlled to BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg, and of all 33 307 participants with hypertension, 25.9% had controlled BP. Of all participants, 6.6% took statins and 11.2% took aspirin. The analysis of the MMM 2017, 2018, and 2019 campaigns has shown a high proportion of hypertension, insufficient level of awareness, and critically low level of effective BP control in Ukraine. Further MMM screening is needed to increase awareness of high BP and to help improve diagnosis, management, and treatment of hypertension.
May Measurement Month 2017–2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Guatemala
Authors: Quintana Fernando Stuardo Wyss , Casasola Miguel Angel Valdez , Ortiz Lopez Ana Carolina , de Leon Edgar Rodriguez , Alvarado Harry Soto , Wang Wei , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 2018, the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance of Guatemala published the last update of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and as in other low-income countries, the prevalence of NCD morbidity and mortality had risen. The prevalence of hypertension in Guatemala has been reported in a range from 18.7 to 22.7% which could be underestimated, because the country does not have an adequate statistical surveillance system. May Measurement Month (MMM) 2017, 2018, and 2019 in Guatemala was an opportunistic survey, which followed the methodology previously published. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were carried out in various locations, mainly hospitals and clinics (48.9%) or pharmacies (34.2%) in Guatemala City. In all patients, three BP measurements were taken after 5 min of rest and sitting in the correct recommended position. The mean of the second and third BP measurements was used for the analyses. Multiple imputation was used to impute the missing readings, based on the global MMM data. After multiple imputation, of all 3265 participants, 43.4% had hypertension. Of all participants with hypertension, 74.7% were aware of their diagnosis, 69.2% were on antihypertensive medication, and 63.1% had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Of all those with hypertension, 43.6% had controlled BP. MMM is the largest hypertension survey ever carried out globally. The MMM results from Guatemala reported here provide complementary and strong data on the impact of hypertension in the country and help to make hypertension visible as a priority health problem, which requires urgent solutions.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cognitive Function Among Adults Aged 45 and Older in China
Authors: Hu Kai , Hale Jo Mhairi , Kulu Hill , Liu Yang , Keenan Katherine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesEvidence suggests long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, especially among older adults. This study examines the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cognitive function in China’s aging population.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2015) linked with historical PM2.5 concentrations (2000–2015) from remotely sensed satellite data. Growth curve models were applied to estimate associations between PM2.5 exposure (measured in intensity, duration, and a joint variable of intensity with duration for cumulative exposure) and cognitive function.ResultsRelative to the lowest exposure group, exposure in the second group of PM2.5 intensity (35–50 μg/m3) is associated with poorer cognitive function, but higher levels of PM2.5 appear to be associated with better cognitive function, indicating a U-shaped association. Similar patterns are seen for fully adjusted models of PM2.5 duration: the second group (13–60 months) is associated with worse cognitive function than the first group (0–12 months), but coefficients are nonsignificant in longer duration groups. Joint analysis of PM2.5 intensity with duration suggests that duration may play a more detrimental role in cognitive function than intensity. However, we do not find a statistically significant association between PM2.5 exposure and the rate of cognitive decline.DiscussionOur findings are mixed and suggest that some categories of higher and longer exposure to PM2.5 are associated with poorer cognitive function, while that exposures do not hasten cognitive decline. However, more work is necessary to disentangle PM2.5 exposure from individuals’ background characteristics, particularly those jointly associated with cognitive function and urban living.
Calibration of a Bayesian spatio-temporal ETAS model to the June 2000 South Iceland seismic sequence
Authors: Darzi Atefe , Halldorsson Benedikt , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Ebrahimian Hossein , Jalayer Fatemeh , Vogfjörð Kristín S 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe reliable forecasting of seismic sequences following a main shock has practical implications because effective post-event response is crucial in earthquake-stricken regions, aftershocks can progressively cause increased damage and compound economic losses. In the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ), one of two large transform zones in Iceland where earthquake hazard is the highest, an intense seismic sequence took place during 17–24 June 2000, starting with a ${M}_{\rm{w}}$ 6.4 main shock on 17 June 2000, followed by another ${M}_{\rm{w}}$ 6.5 main shock four days later and on a different fault. Both earthquakes caused considerable damage and incurred heavy economic losses. They were immediately followed by intense aftershock activity on the causative faults and triggered earthquakes as far as 80 km away along the transform zone. To investigate the feasibility of forecasting the progression of such complex sequences, we calibrated a spatio-temporal epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) clustering model to the June 2000 seismic sequence in the framework of Bayesian statistics. Short-term seismicity forecasts were carried out for various forecasting intervals and compared with the observations, the first generated a few hours after the first main shock and followed by daily forecasts. The reliability of the early forecasts was seen to depend on the initial model parameters. By using an adaptive parameter inference approach where the posteriors from each preceding forecasting interval served as informative priors for the next, the fast convergence of the parametric values was ensured. As a result, the 16–84 percentile range of the forecasted number of events captured the actual number of observed events in all daily forecasts, and the model exhibited a strong spatial forecasting ability, even only a few hours after the main shock, and over all subsequent daily forecasts. We present the spatio-temporal ETAS parameters for the June 2000 sequence as ideal candidates of prior estimates for future operational earthquake forecasting of other Icelandic aftershock sequences. Past seismic sequences need to be analysed retrospectively to confirm the stability of the parameters of this study, effectively enable the application of the Bayesian ETAS model as an operational earthquake forecasting system for aftershocks in Iceland.
Governance of IoT Data: Why the EU Data Act Will not Fulfill Its Objectives
Authors: Kerber Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The EU Data Act proposal (DA) seeks to introduce new rights for the users of internet of things (IoT) devices regarding access, use and sharing of the data generated through their use of these devices. This paper presents the results of a first analysis of the effectiveness of this ‘user rights’ mechanism from a ‘law and economics’ perspective. It concludes that the DA will not achieve its objectives of (a) empowering the users of IoT devices (especially the consumers), (b) unlocking large amounts of IoT data for innovation (for IoT-related services and across sectors), and (c) contributing to a fair sharing of the value from the generated IoT data. Although the DA correctly identifies the main problem arising from manufacturers’ technical design of IoT devices, which grants them exclusive de facto control over the generated IoT data, its proposals for solving it are not close to being sufficient: (1) The proposed user rights mechanism suffers from manifold serious problems which will make it weak and largely ineffective (insufficient scope of data; lacking technical interoperability; high transaction costs, especially through the need for a negotiated contract with FRAND conditions; unclarity regarding data markets). (2) Also, the option for users to gain more control over the use of the IoT data, which operates through the requirement that the data holders can only use the IoT data on the basis of a contract with the users, will not work due to unsolved serious market failure problems in B2C situations. Therefore, all the rights to use the IoT data will end up with the data holders (and leave the consumers with only these weak user rights). The main reason for this negative assessment of the DA is its overemphasis on the protection of the exclusive de facto control position of the data holders. However, it is very doubtful whether in the case of IoT devices, whose price can cover the costs of data generation, any general incentive problem for investing in data-generating IoT devices exists. Therefore, a far-reaching rebalancing in favor of easier and increased data sharing and user empowerment is necessary, especially for enabling more innovation in the data economy.
Recreational fishing pressure impacts the density and behaviour of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus, George): evidence from small, no-take marine reserves
Authors: Lindstedt Daniel G , Langlois Tim , Prince Jane , de Lestang Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is unknown whether lobster behaviour is sensitive to fishing, as has been previously suggested for fish. This study investigated the impacts of recreational fishing on the wariness of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus, George) through comparisons between fished sites and no-take reserves (NTRs) at Rottnest Island. We used visual census to survey the density and size structure of lobster at sites inside and outside three comparable NTRs, and baited remote underwater video to study the behaviour of lobster at comparable sites. The density of legal-sized P. cygnus was twice as high within NTRs (0.34 ± 0.05) than fished sites (0.16 ± 0.03). P. cygnus also spent less time with bait in fished sites (0.42 ± 0.15 min) than NTRs (1.15 ± 0.28 min). This study provides the first evidence that behaviour of decapods, namely P. cygnus, is sensitive to noninjury-related disturbance associated with recreational fishing, with higher wariness in fished areas. Investigation is required into potentially confounding biotic and abiotic factors to further explore the applicability of lobster wariness as an indicator for fishing pressure.
Keeping up hope as an early career climate-impact scientist
Authors: Bryndum-Buchholz Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman-caused climate change is real. A message the scientific community has documented and disseminated for decades. Yet, after equally long inaction by global leadership to address climate change, the world is facing a climate emergency with unprecedented consequences for all aspects of life. As an early career researcher from a generation whose future seems quite dire, I ask myself repeatedly, how can I continue my research without losing hope that science matters, that my research matters? In this Rising tides article, I aim to illustrate my own experience and perspective of keeping up hope to continue doing purposeful research on the background of the ubiquitous social and political challenges we are facing under ongoing climate change. All with the conviction that individual and collective hope needs to be amplified to achieve the climate action, needed for a liveable future.
Coordination of dual-channel supply chains with uncertain demand information
Authors: Liu Yanping , Yan Bo , Chen and Xiaoxu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUncertain demand information increases the difficulty of decision-making in supply chains, especially in the light of inventory costs. This article researches a two-echelon dual-channel fresh agricultural product (FAP) supply chain, and discusses optimal decision-making and the value of information sharing using the Stackelberg game. To eliminate the double marginalization effect between supply chain parties, a two-part linear tariff contract is introduced for coordination. The results show that information sharing is always profitable for the manufacturer, but not for the retailer. The inventory and shortage costs will reduce the manufacturer's optimal pricing and fresh-keeping effort level. When the manufacturer overestimates the market demand predicted by the retailer, asymmetric information will increase the manufacturer’s inventory. The results provide important managerial implications for effective supply chain management.
Convergence of preconditioned Hamiltonian Monte Carlo on Hilbert spaces
Authors: Pidstrigach Jakiw 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we consider the preconditioned Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (pHMC) algorithm defined directly on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. In this context, and under a condition reminiscent of strong log-concavity of the target measure, we prove convergence bounds for adjusted pHMC in the standard 1-Wasserstein distance. The arguments rely on a synchronous coupling of two copies of pHMC, which is controlled by adapting elements from Bou-Rabee, Eberle and Zimmer (2020).
Gorenstein Matroids
Authors: Lasoń Michał , Michałek Mateusz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Matroid base polytope and independence polytope are Cohen–Macaulay. There are plenty of examples when they are also Gorenstein. We provide a full classification of matroids whose independence polytope or base polytope is Gorenstein. This answers to a question raised by Herzog and Hibi.
Engaging Same-Day Peer Ambassadors to Increase Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness in Los Angeles County: A Hybrid Feasibility-Evaluation Study
Authors: Shover Chelsea L , Rosen Allison , Mata José , Robie Brooke , Alvarado Julissa , Frederes Ashley , Romero Ruby , Beltran Jacqueline , Bratcher Anna , Chang Alicia H , Choi Kristen R , Garcia Candelaria , Shoptaw Steven , Guha Priyanka , Richard Lindsey , Sixx Gunner , Baez Angel , Coleman Anthony , Harvell Sarah , Jackson Shirnae , Lee Caroline , Swan Joanna , Torres Kenny , Kantrim Emily Uyeda , McKeever Maya , Nguyen Anh , Rice Adam , Rosales Marisol , Spoliansky Jordan , Bromley Elizabeth , Behforouz Heidi , Gelberg Lillian , Gorbach Pamina M , Rimoin Anne W , Thomas Emily H 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of engaging unhoused peer ambassadors (PAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination efforts to reach people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Los Angeles County.MethodsFrom August to December 2021, vaccinated PAs aged ≥18 years who could provide informed consent were recruited during vaccination events for same-day participation. Events were held at encampments, service providers (eg, housing agencies, food lines, and mobile showers), and roving locations around Los Angeles. PAs were asked to join outreach alongside community health workers and shared their experience getting vaccinated, receiving a $25 gift card for each hour they participated. Postevent surveys evaluated how many PAs enrolled and how long they participated. In October 2021, we added a preliminary effectiveness evaluation of how many additional vaccinations were attributable to PAs. Staff who enrolled the PAs estimated the number of additional people vaccinated because of talking with the PA.ResultsA total of 117 PAs were enrolled at 103 events, participating for an average of 2 hours. At events with the effectiveness evaluation, 197 additional people were vaccinated over 167 PA hours ($21.19 gift card cost per additional person vaccinated), accounting for &gt;25% of all vaccines given at these events.DiscussionRecruiting same-day unhoused PAs is a feasible, acceptable, and preliminarily effective technique to increase COVID-19 vaccination in unsheltered settings. The findings can inform delivery of other health services for people experiencing homelessness.
The Impact of Supportive Housing on Liver-Related Outcomes Among Persons With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Miller-Archie Sara A , Walters Sarah C , Bocour Angelica , Moore Miranda S , Wiewel Ellen , Singh Tejinder , Lim Sungwoo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disproportionately impacts people experiencing homelessness. Hepatitis C virus can lead to negative health outcomes, including mortality. We evaluated the impact of a permanent supportive housing (PSH) program (ie, “treatment”) on liver-related morbidity and mortality among persons with chronic homelessness and HCV infection.

Methods
We matched records for persons eligible for a New York City PSH program (2007–2014) with Heath Department HCV and Vital Statistics registries and Medicaid claims. Among persons diagnosed with HCV before or 2 years posteligibility, we added stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights to negative binomial regression models to compare rates for liver disease-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations, and hazard ratios for mortality, by program placement 2 and 5 years posteligibility.

Results
We identified 1158 of 8783 placed and 1952 of 19 019 unplaced persons with laboratory-confirmed HCV infection. Permanent supportive housing placement was associated with significantly reduced liver-related emergency department visits (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .61–.95), hospitalizations (aRR = 0.62, 95% CI = .54–.71), and all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.65, 95% CI = .46–.92) and liver-related mortality (aHR = 0.72, 95% CI = .09–.83) within 2 years. The reduction remained significant for hospitalizations after 5 years.

Conclusions
Placement into PSH was associated with reduced liver-related morbidity and mortality among persons with HCV infection and chronic homelessness.