bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a sense of coherence associated with prolonged grief, depression, and satisfaction with life after bereavement? A longitudinal study
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , O'Connor Maja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in psychological factors maintaining healthy functioning following adverse events. One such variable is a sense of coherence (SOC), an orientation to life comprising manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness. Little research has examined the role of SOC in adjustment to bereavement. The present longitudinal study examined the role of SOC in recovery from loss, in a Danish sample (N = 221) of elderly spousally bereaved people. The aim was twofold. First, we aimed to establish the optimal measurement model of SOC, evaluating the fit of different factor solutions for the 29‐item SOC‐29 scale and 13‐item SOC‐13 scale, using confirmatory factor analysis. Second, we sought to examine associations of emerging SOC factors with symptoms levels of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and depression, and with satisfaction with life, assessed concurrently (at 6 months post‐loss) and at two consecutive time points, 13 and 18 months post‐loss. Results showed that the three‐factor model of the SOC‐13 (with distinct manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness factors) provided a good fit to our data. With respect to our second aim, analyses showed that the three SOC factors were associated with concurrently assessed PGD, depression, and satisfaction with life. In the analyses predicting outcomes at Wave 2 and Wave 3, meaningfulness (but not manageability and comprehensibility) predicted some of the outcomes, above and beyond baseline scores of the outcomes. Findings suggest that meaningfulness may increase healthy and attenuate unhealthy responses to loss. Helping bereaved people to experience life's demands as worthy of investment and engagement is likely an important target for bereavement care.
Diversity‐Oriented Metal‐Free Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Using Atropaldehyde Acetals as a Dual C3/C2‐Synthon
Authors: Chen Shaomin , You Bo , Zhang Tianjian , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA highly efficient and elegant diversity‐oriented reaction paradigm employing atropaldehyde acetals as new dual C2/C3 synthons was developed under metal‐free conditions using glycine esters as the counterpart reagents, which allowed rapid synthesis of two important nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines and 3,5‐diarylpyridines. The divergent products are subtly controlled by the manipulation of the substitutional groups of glycine esters. When a N‐arylglycine ester was used, pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines can be formed through cascade oxidative C−C cleavage/multiple cyclization. Instead, N‐benzylglycine ester as the counter‐reagent led to the synthesis of 3,5‐diarylpyridines via two key C−N cleavages. Mild conditions, broad substrate scope, scalability and environmentally acceptable organic solvents rendered this method practical and attractive.
Resource requirements for ecosystem conservation: A combined industrial and natural ecology approach to quantifying natural capital use in nature
Authors: Mason Adam R. , Gathorne‐Hardy Alfred , White Chris , Plancherel Yves , Woods Jem , Myers Rupert J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocioeconomic demand for natural capital is causing catastrophic losses of biodiversity and ecosystem functionality, most notably in regions where socioeconomic‐and eco‐systems compete for natural capital, e.g., energy (animal or plant matter). However, a poor quantitative understanding of what natural capital is needed to support biodiversity in ecosystems, while at the same time satisfy human development needs—those associated with human development within socioeconomic systems—undermines our ability to sustainably manage global stocks of natural capital. Here we describe a novel concept and accompanying methodology (relating the adult body mass of terrestrial species to their requirements for land area, water, and energy) to quantify the natural capital needed to support terrestrial species within ecosystems, analogous to how natural capital use by humans is quantified in a socioeconomic context. We apply this methodology to quantify the amount of natural capital needed to support species observed using a specific surveyed site in Scotland. We find that the site can support a larger assemblage of species than those observed using the site; a primary aim of the rewilding project taking place there. This method conceptualises, for the first time, a comprehensive “dual‐system” approach: modelling natural capital use in socioeconomic‐and eco‐systems simultaneously. It can facilitate the management of natural capital at the global scale, and in both the conservation and creation (e.g., rewilding) of biodiversity within managed ecosystems, representing an advancement in determining what socioeconomic trade‐offs are needed to achieve contemporary conservation targets alongside ongoing human development.
Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerenes Containing a H‐Bond between the Encapsulated Water Molecule and the Amide Moiety on the Rim of the Orifice
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gao Rui , Liu Zeyu , Fei Han Hong , Su Jie , Jin Peng , Gan Liangbing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFurther hydrolysis of an open‐cage fullerene derivative with an epoxy moiety on the rim of the orifice led to the formation of a new open‐cage fullerene with a 17‐membered orifice and an amide group directly above the orifice. The water encapsulation ratio in the new open‐cage compound reached 100 % as a result of heating with water at 80 °C. The amide group above the orifice completely blocks the opening and forms H‐bond with the trapped water molecule. Single crystal X‐ray structure shows that the bond length between the trapped water oxygen and the amide oxygen is 2.859 Å. The H‐bond energy is about −3.83 kcal/mol as shown by theoretical calculation.
Outage probability and throughput of cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access with moving relay in heterogeneous network
Authors: Khan Mohd Javed , Chauhan Ram Chandra Singh , Singh Indrasen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe demand of high data rate, high quality of service (QoS), and seamless connectivity are growing continuously for vehicular communication over the last few years. Moving relay (MR) is one of the promising techniques to achieve these demands. In the past, heterogeneous network (HetNet) models with one MR on the top of the train have been proposed for high‐speed railway (HSR) using the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technique. Cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising multiple access technique for next‐generation wireless networks. This paper proposes one MR‐based HetNet model using the NOMA over Rayleigh fading channels for downlink communication. Here, half‐duplex (HD) type amplify and forward (AF) relay is used as MR for investigation. We derive the outage probability of a train‐user using the successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique and the outage probability of a cell‐edge‐user by using both direct and indirect signals via MR. The system throughput of the proposed NOMA system is also simulated by considering the effects of perfect and imperfect SIC. The simulation results show that cooperative NOMA provides lower outage performance in comparison with cooperative OMA and outage of vehicular user decreases with lower value of residual interference (RI). Also, the system throughput of the NOMA system decreases with higher values of residual interference. We use Monte Carlo simulation to verify the derived analytical results.
The survival of esophageal cancer by subtype in China with comparison to the United States
Authors: An Lan , Zheng Rongshou , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei , Chen Ru , Wang Shaoming , Sun Kexin , Li Li , Wei Wenqiang , He Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the main subtypes of esophageal cancer (EC), but nationwide survival of both EC subtypes has never been reported in China. Our study aimed to estimate the survival trends of EC by subtype in China and compare them with those in the United States for the same period. We used data from 64 Chinese cancer registries, which included EC patients diagnosed during 2008 and 2015 and followed up until 31st December 2017. The 5‐year age‐standardized relative survival by subtype, sex, age group and urban or rural area between 2008 and 2017 were analyzed. We stratified survival estimates by calendar period (2008‐2009, 2010‐2011, 2012‐2014 and 2015‐2017). Data from the SEER 18 program were calculated to estimate the survival of EC in the United States. A further comparison between the survivals in areas covered and not covered by population‐based endoscopic screening programs in China was conducted. A total of 129 962 records were included in the survival analyses. Results revealed that age‐standardized 5‐year relative survivals for AC and SCC increased in both China and the United States from 2008 to 2017. In 2015 to 2017, 5‐year survival from both subtypes in China was better than the United States (SCC: 36.9% vs 18.5%, AC: 34.8% vs 22.3%). The survival for both subtypes was significantly higher in screening areas than in nonscreening areas in China (SCC: 40.6% vs 32.8%; AC: 43.0% vs 31.3%). A survival gap in EC by subtype exists between China and the United States. Our results may support the beneficial effect of population‐based endoscopic screening for survival, and may be poised to inform national policy‐making in both countries.
Effect of a physical activity intervention on lower body bone health in childhood cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial (SURfit)
Authors: Jung Ruedi , Zürcher Simeon J. , Schindera Christina , Eser Prisca , Meier Christian , Schai Anna , Braun Julia , Deng Wei Hai , Hebestreit Helge , Neuhaus Cornelia , Schaeff Jonathan , Rueegg Corina S. , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Kriemler Susi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt remains controversial whether physical activity promotes bone health in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). We aimed to assess the effect of a one‐year general exercise intervention on lower body bone parameters of CCS. CCS ≥16 years at enrollment, <16 years at diagnosis and ≥5 years in remission were identified from the national Childhood Cancer Registry. Participants randomized to the intervention group were asked to perform an additional ≥2.5 hours of intense physical activity/week, controls continued exercise as usual. Bone health was assessed as a secondary trial endpoint at baseline and after 12‐months. We measured tibia bone mineral density (BMD) and morphology by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck BMD by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. We performed intention‐to‐treat, per protocol, and an explorative subgroup analyses looking at low BMD using multiple linear regressions. One hundred fifty‐one survivors (44% females, 7.5 ± 4.9 years at diagnosis, 30.4 ± 8.6 years at baseline) were included. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed no differences in changes between the intervention and control group. Per protocol analyses showed evidence for an improvement in femoral neck and trabecular BMD between 1.5% and 1.8% more in participants being compliant with the exercise program. Trabecular BMD increased 2.8% more in survivors of the intervention group with BMD z‐score ≤−1 compared to those starting at z‐score >−1. A nonstandardized personalized exercise programs might not be specific enough to promote bone health in CCS, although those compliant and those most in need may benefit. Future trials should include bone stimulating exercise programs targeting risk groups with reduced bone health and motivational features to maximize compliance.
Associations between mothers’ emotion regulation and real‐time experiences of negative emotion: The moderating role of caregiving context
Authors: Park Ye Rang , Kerr Margaret L. , Smiley Patricia A. , Borelli Jessica L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParents’ emotion regulation and emotional experiences have important consequences for family well‐being and child outcomes. Little is known about whether traitlike emotion regulation abilities predict statelike experiences of real‐time negative emotion. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), this study examines associations between mothers’ self‐reported emotion regulation abilities and their real‐time experiences of negative emotion, as well as the moderating role of caregiving context among 145 mothers (41% Hispanic; 31% earned below $40,000) of young children (mean age = 20.9 months) across a 10‐day period. Results indicated that on average, mothers who report high levels of traitlike rumination and difficulties in emotion regulation also report more statelike negative emotion. Further, the presence of children weakened the associations between mothers’ traitlike reports of emotion dysregulation and statelike EMA negative emotion reports. The findings demonstrate the importance of parents’ emotion regulation for supporting family well‐being, especially when parents are separated from their children; the findings may have implications for developing family interventions.
Self‐supported bimetallic based materials deeply self‐reconstructing electrocatalysts for advances in hydrogen production
Authors: Pirzada Luqman Ahmed , Mugheri Abdul Qayoom , Ghanghro Sahib , Pirzada Ashaque Hussain , Ibupoto Mazhar Hussain , Ahmed Kashif 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo overcome the energy demand, environmental pollution, and global warming, replacing fossil fuels using clean and renewable hydrogen energy is a promising strategy. Water catalysis is the key step toward industrial hydrogen generation. Herein, we obtained remarkable performance of CuCo for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide. The CuCo nanocomposite functional material on nickel foam is rich in copper nanoparticles. The CoCu oxide on nickel foam showed catalytic performance superfast in the HER in a 1 M KOH environment at 1.62 V to carry a 10 mA/cm2 current density and no decrease in current afterward a non‐stop run for 25 hr. CoCu (S2) has a Tafel slope of (a) 69 mV/dec in a 0.5 M H2SO4 and (b) 119 mV/dec in a 1 M KOH. It has been found to be cost‐effective, highly active, and healthy for energy conversion by electrochemical. Moreover, the capabilities of charge storage were also inspected. It strongly provides a capacitance of 681 and 607 F/g at a 1 A/g admirable rate of capacitance retention. The attractive features of CoCu oxide are present in more abundance and superior for the HER kinetics activity. The electrocatalyst provides better stability and durability and provides long‐term applications for the advance of a functional catalyst for charge storage, and water splitting applications is strongly demonstrated.
Assessment of recombinant antigens Tp0100 and Tp1016 of Treponema pallidum for serological diagnosis of syphilis
Authors: Chen Dejun , Wang Siqian , He Yuxing , Fu Yue , Zhao Feijun , Zhou Xiuping , Yin Haoquan , Wan Jia , Huang Yunting , Wu Yimou , Cao Longgu , Zeng Tiebing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo discover novel serodiagnostic candidates for the serological diagnosis of syphilis.MethodsTwo recombinant Treponema pallidum proteins Tp0100 and Tp1016 were expressed, purified, and identified by Western Blotting. A total of 600 clinical serum samples were tested with the Tp0100‐based ELISA, the Tp1016‐based ELISA, and the commercial LICA Syphilis TP kit (ChIVD, Beijing, China). The sensitivities were determined by testing 340 samples from individuals with clinically diagnosed primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The specificities were determined by screening 260 samples from healthy controls and individuals with potentially cross‐reactive infections, including leptospirosis, Lyme disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Kappa (κ) values were applied to compare the agreement between clinical syphilis diagnosis and the Tp0100‐based ELISA, the Tp1016‐based ELISA, or the LICA Syphilis TP test.ResultsUsing clinical syphilis diagnosis as the gold standard, Tp0100 exhibited an overall sensitivity of 95.6% and specificity of 98.1% for testing IgG antibody while Tp1016 demonstrated only an overall sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 79.6%. In contrast, the LICA Syphilis TP test revealed an overall sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 96.2%. In addition, the overall percent agreement and corresponding κ values were 96.7% (95% CI 95.6%–97.8%) and 0.93 for the Tp0100‐based ELISA, 77.0% (95% CI 74.3%–79.7%) and 0.54 for the Tp1016‐based ELISA, and 97.0% (95% CI 96.0%–98.0%) and 0.94 for the LICA Syphilis TP test, respectively.ConclusionThe recombinant T. pallidum protein Tp0100 shows promise as a novel diagnostic antigen in the serological tests for syphilis.
Forgotten in the crowd: A qualitative study of medical interpreters' role in medical teams
Authors: Latif Zara , Makuvire Tracy , Feder Shelli L. , Crocker Jonathan , Quintero Pinzon Pablo , Warraich Haider J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with limited English proficiency (LEP) experience worse outcomes compared with native English speakers. Communication errors are partly responsible for the disparities among this population. Medical interpreters improve communication and often assume multiple roles during clinical encounters. We sought to explore the perspectives of medical interpreters regarding their role within medical teams and ways to improve communication.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with inpatient and outpatient medical interpreters at an academic medical center between March and August 2021. Interview questions explored interpreters' perceptions of their roles within the medical team and best practices to improve communication during encounters. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsOur sample consisted of 20 interpreters with a mean age of 48 years (SD: 14.3) and a mean experience of 16.3 years (SD: 10.6). Two main themes emerged from interviews: (1) the full spectrum of medical interpreters' role and (2) factors acting as barriers and facilitators of interpretation. Interpreters described their role as language interpreters, cultural mediators, and patient advocates. They also identified several factors that may enhance encounters, such as utilizing the teach‐back method with patients and debriefing with interpreters.ConclusionsInterpreters view their role as extending beyond interpretation to include cultural mediation and patient advocacy. Addressing commonly encountered challenges and adopting some of the proposed solutions highlighted in this study may facilitate improved communication with LEP patients receiving care in healthcare systems.
委員会報告：脳死下臓器提供におけるアンケート調査(Surveillance of organ transplantation in Japan with consideration of transfer for the diagnosis of brain death)
Authors: (Committee on brain death and organ transplantation, Japanes 一般社団法人 日本救急医学会　脳死・臓器組織移植に関する委員会 
Published: August 2022

要旨新型コロナウイルス感染症蔓延下において脳死下臓器提供数が減少しているなかで，脳死判定を目的とした転院搬送の是非に関する議論が始まっている。これをふまえ，全国救命センターにおけるコロナ禍での脳死判定や脳死下臓器移植に関わる現状と問題点を調査した。全国救命センター295施設に質問紙URLを送付し電子的に回収した。調査項目は施設背景，臓器提供の意思決定に関する質問，臓器提供も見据えた患者管理，脳死判定，臓器提供手術の問題点に関する質問，臓器提供を目的とした転院に関する質問とした。220施設より回答を得た（回答率74.6%）。コロナ禍において臓器提供を施行した施設は45施設（20.5%）存在した。臓器提供を行った施設とそうでなかった施設において，休日夜間帯に勤務をしている専門医数に差が見られた（平均3.04人 対 2.44人）。また，コロナ禍によって臓器提供に関する事項が影響を受けたと回答した施設は全国救命センターの43施設（19.6%）に及び，患者個室管理，家族の面会制限，チームの参集困難など，感染対策による影響と回答した施設がうち39施設（90.7%）に見られた。「脳死下臓器提供」を目的とした転院に関し，他施設に転送したいと回答した施設群（60施設：27%）は，院内連携が手薄く，マンパワーが少なく，また，脳死判定医が少ないこと，脳死判定の費用に関わる経済的問題に要因があると思われた。本研究によりコロナ禍における脳死下臓器提供に関わるハード，ソフト両面の課題が明確になった。とくに施設におけるマンパワー拡充のための施設間連携と経済的支援の拡充が今後の課題であると思われた。
救急搬送された尿路感染症患者における菌血症および敗血症性ショックを予測する因子の検討(Analysis of predictors for bacteremia and septic shock in patients with urinary tract infection transported to hospital by ambulance)
Authors: (Sachiko Ando) 安藤 佐知子 , (Hiroyuki Ishida) 石田 浩之 , (Kouzou Hayashi) 林 浩三 , (Kaori Endo) 遠藤 香織 , (Yusuke Suzuki) 鈴木 悠介 , (Dai Taguchi) 田口 大 , (Hiroshi Makise) 牧瀬 博 
Published: August 2022

要旨【目的】尿路感染症と診断された救急搬送患者の重症化の予測のため，菌血症および敗血症性ショックを早期に予測するツールを明らかにする。【方法】2019年4月1日から2021年4月29日までに勤医協中央病院に救急搬送後，尿路感染症の診断で尿，血液培養後に抗菌薬の投与を受けた348例を菌血症/非菌血症群，敗血症性ショック/非ショック群に分け，患者背景，搬送までの日数，血中乳酸値，SIRSクライテリアおよびqSOFAを比較し，有意差を認めたツールの精度を検討した。【結果】菌血症および敗血症性ショックごとに合併の有無で分けた2群間の比較で有意差を認めたSIRS，qSOFAおよび血中乳酸値の早期予測能を検討した。菌血症の感度はSIRSが最も高く（97.8%），area under the curve（AUC）77%，至適cut–off値の感度84%と識別能も最も高かった。敗血症性ショックではSIRSの感度が100%と最も高かったが，AUCは最も低く，識別能では乳酸がAUC 86%，至適cut–off値での感度82%と最も高かった。qSOFAは感度が低く，敗血症性ショックの識別能ではSIRSとほぼ同等であった。【結論】救急搬送された尿路感染症におけるSIRSは感度，識別能の高さからqSOFA，乳酸値より優れた早期予測因子であった。敗血症性ショックの識別能は乳酸が最も高かった。
Spreading behavior of firefighting foam solutions on typical liquid fuel surfaces
Authors: Sheng Youjie , Li Yang , Ma Wenzhi , Zhang Hanling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of experiments was performed to investigate the spreading behavior of firefighting foam solutions on liquid fuel surfaces. The spreading coefficients of six kinds of aqueous film‐forming foam solutions and one fluorine‐free foam solution on the surface of four liquid fuels, namely, cyclohexane, diesel, n‐heptane, and ethanol, were calculated on the basis of surface and interfacial tension. Spreading behavior was studied systematically using a high‐speed camera, and then the relationship between spreading behavior and spreading coefficient was analyzed. Furthermore, the spreading area and spreading rate of different foam solution droplets on liquid fuel surfaces were studied in depth. The spreading amount of the foam solution droplets on the liquid fuel surfaces was measured. Four typical spreading phenomena, namely, spreading, suspension, dissolution, and sinking, of AFFF solutions on liquid fuel surfaces were identified. Moreover, a positive spreading coefficient did not necessarily lead to the formation of an aqueous film. The spreading area, spreading rate, and spreading amount were not proportional to the spreading coefficient. During the evaluation of the spreading property of firefighting foam, the spreading coefficient, spreading rate, and spreading amount must be focused on instead of only the spreading coefficient.