bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A domain-knowledge modeling of hospital-acquired infection risk in Healthcare personnel from retrospective observational data: A case study for COVID-19
Authors: Huynh Phat K. , Setty Arveity R. , Tran Quan M. , Yadav Om P. , Yodo Nita , Le Trung Q. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Hospital-acquired infections of communicable viral diseases (CVDs) have been posing a tremendous challenge to healthcare workers globally. Healthcare personnel (HCP) is facing a consistent risk of viral infections, and subsequently higher rates of morbidity and mortality.

Materials and methods
We proposed a domain-knowledge-driven infection risk model to quantify the individual HCP and the population-level risks. For individual-level risk estimation, a time-variant infection risk model is proposed to capture the transmission dynamics of CVDs. At the population-level, the infection risk is estimated using a Bayesian network model constructed from three feature sets, including individual-level factors, engineering control factors, and administrative control factors. For model validation, we investigated the case study of the Coronavirus disease, in which the individual-level and population-level infection risk models were applied. The data were collected from various sources such as COVID-19 transmission databases, health surveys/questionaries from medical centers, U.S. Department of Labor databases, and cross-sectional studies.

Results
Regarding the individual-level risk model, the variance-based sensitivity analysis indicated that the uncertainty in the estimated risk was attributed to two variables: the number of close contacts and the viral transmission probability. Next, the disease transmission probability was computed using a multivariate logistic regression applied for a cross-sectional HCP data in the UK, with the 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of 78.23%. Combined with the previous result, we further validated the individual infection risk model by considering six occupations in the U.S. Department of Labor O*Net database. The occupation-specific risk evaluation suggested that the registered nurses, medical assistants, and respiratory therapists were the highest-risk occupations. For the population-level risk model validation, the infection risk in Texas and California was estimated, in which the infection risk in Texas was lower than that in California. This can be explained by California’s higher patient load for each HCP per day and lower personal protective equipment (PPE) sufficiency level.

Conclusion
The accurate estimation of infection risk at both individual level and population levels using our domain-knowledge-driven infection risk model will significantly enhance the PPE allocation, safety plans for HCP, and hospital staffing strategies.
Altered serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study
Authors: Islam Salsabil , Islam Towhidul , Nahar Zabun , Shahriar Mohammad , Islam Sardar Mohammad Ashraful , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: November 2022

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental health condition that results in several obstacles including disabilities, loss of productivity, and economic burdens on both patients and society. Etiopathogenesis of MDD involves several factors such as sociodemographic, genetic, and biological determinants. However, any suitable biomarkers for risk assessment of depression have not been established yet. Alterations of cytokine are assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology and severity of the depressive disorder. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) among MDD patients in Bangladesh.

Methods
We recruited a total of 63 MDD patients and 94 age-sex matched healthy controls (HCs) in the present study. MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and HCs from surrounding parts of Dhaka city. A psychiatrist assessed all the study participants following the criteria mentioned in the DSM-5. We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the depression severity. Serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels were determined using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA).

Results
The mean serum concentration of adiponectin was decreased (30.67±4.43 μg/mL vs. 53.81±5.37 μg/mL), and the IL-8 level was increased (160.93±14.84 pg/mL vs. 88.68±6.33 pg/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs. Sex-specific scatters plot graphs showed the distribution of adiponectin and IL-8 levels with Ham-D scores in MDD patients. Also, ROC curve analysis demonstrated good predictive performances of serum adiponectin and IL-8 for MDD with the area under the curve (AUC) as 0.895 and 0.806, respectively.

Conclusion
The present study findings suggest that alterations of serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels in MDD patients might be involved in the disease process. Therefore, we can use these changes of cytokines in serum levels as early risk assessment tools for depression. The present study findings should be considered preliminary. We propose further interventional studies to evaluate the exact role of adiponectin and IL-8 in depression.
48-Week effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC) in antiretroviral-naïve adults living with HIV: A multicenter real-life cohort
Authors: Cabello-Ubeda Alfonso , de Quirós Juan Carlos López Bernardo , Martín Carbonero Luz , Sanz Jesús , Vergas Jorge , Mena Álvaro , Torralba Miguel , Hernández Segurado Marta , Pinto Adriana , Tejerina Francisco , Palmier Esmeralda , Gutiérrez Ángela , Vázquez Pilar , Pulido Federico , Górgolas Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Background
The main international guidelines indicate DTG/3TC therapy as one of the preferred regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to its observed efficacy in randomized clinical trials. However, information in real-life cohorts is relatively scarce for first-line use.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter study of adult PLWH starting DTG+3TC as a first-line regimen before January 31st, 2020. Virological failure (VF) was defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA viral load (VL) >50 copies/mL.

Results
135 participants were included. Treatment was started without knowing baseline drug resistance testing (bDRT) results in 71.9% of cases, with baseline resistance mutations being later confirmed in 17 patients (12.6%), two of them with presence of M184V mutation. Effectiveness at week 48 was 85.2% (CI95%: 78.1–90.7%) (ITT missing = failure [M = F]) and 96.6% (CI 95%: 91.6–99.1%) (per-protocol analysis). Six patients (4.4%) discontinued treatment. One developed not confirmed VF after discontinuing treatment due to poor adherence; no resistance-associated mutations emerged. Three discontinued treatments due to central nervous system side effects (2.2%), and two due to a medical decision after determining the M184V mutation in bDRT. Finally, 14 (10.4%) were lost to follow-up, most of them due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
In a real-life multicenter cohort of ART-naïve PLWH, treatment initiation with DTG + 3TC showed high effectiveness and favorable safety results, comparable to those of randomized clinical trials, without treatment-emergent resistance being observed through week 48. Starting treatment before receiving the results of baseline drug resistance testing did not have an impact on the regimen’s effectiveness.
Evaluation of angle-to-angle and spur-to-spur using swept source optical coherence tomography in different refractive error
Authors: Yun Jeong Seop , Min Ji Sang , Kim Kook Young 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To measure angle-to-angle (ATA) and spur-to-spur (STS) distances along six meridians using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and compare with horizontal white-to-white (WTW) distance in different refractive error.

Methods
Overall, 126 eyes were assessed with the Anterion SS-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). ATA and STS distances were obtained using SS-OCT at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 degrees. WTW was measured at 0 degree with built-in infrared camera. One way ANOVA test, pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multivariate regression analysis were used to compare ATA and STS distances with age, anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), and simulated keratometric values (Sim K) in different refractive error groups.

Results
The mean MRSE refraction was +0.05 ± 0.23 D in the emmetropic group (41 eyes), -3.42 ± 3.04 D in the myopic group (44 eyes), and +1.33 ± 0.64 D in the hyperopic group (31 eyes). There was no statistical difference in the WTW of the emmetropic (11.62 ± 0.44 mm), myopic (11.79 ± 0.46 mm), and hyperopic groups (11.80 ± 0.49 mm) using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.007). ATA and STS were vertically oval in all groups. The correlation between ATA, STS and age, ACD, AL, and K values showed different significance for each meridian according to the refractive error. ATA increased as the horizontal WTW, ACD, and AL increased and Sim K decreased. STS shows relatively smaller explanatory power than ATA in the stepwise multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions
This study is the first to analyze the relationship between ATA and STS compared to WTW by different refractive error. The difference between the horizontally oval WTW and vertically oval anterior chamber can be large, especially in myopia. ATA showed a greater positive correlation than STS with AL and ACD.
Immunoinformatics analysis of candidate proteins for controlling bovine paratuberculosis
Authors: Moezzi Maryam Sadat , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Hemmatzadeh Farhid 
Published: November 2022

Background
Paratuberculosis is debilitating chronic enteritis usually characterized by diarrhea, decreased milk production, and progressive cachexia. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes significant economic losses by affecting dairy herds globally. Development of protective vaccines is considered as one of the most effective controlling measures for MAP infections. In the current study, hydrophilic parts of MAP2191 and FAP-P proteins as two vaccine candidates were analyzed using immunoinformatics approaches.

Methods
After selecting the most hydrophilic parts of MAP2191 and FAP-P, helper and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes of ht-MAP2191 and ht-FAP-P were identified. The immunogenic, toxicity and physicochemical properties were assessed. Secondary structures of these proteins were predicted, and their tertiary structures were modeled, refined, and validated. Linear and conformational epitopes of corresponding B-cells were recognized. Then ht-MAP2191 and ht-FAP-P epitopes were employed for molecular docking simulations.

Results
The results indicated that ht-MAP2191 and ht-FAP-P were immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic and possess potent T-cell and B-cell epitopes. Eventually, these protein constructs were docked favorably against TLR4.

Conclusion
According to the findings, ht-MAP2191 and ht-FAP-P could be effective protein-based vaccine candidates for paratuberculosis. It should be noted that to examine their efficacy, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are underway.
Home-based exercise using balance disc and smartphone inclinometer application improves balance and activity of daily living in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aphiphaksakul Pantawit , Siriphorn Akkradate 
Published: November 2022

Background
Sitting ability is critical for daily activities in individuals who have experienced a stroke. A combination of seated balance training on an unstable surface and real-time visual feedback via a simple mobile inclinometer application may improve trunk control in stroke survivors.

Objective
This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effects of home-based exercise utilizing a balance disc with input from a smartphone inclinometer application on sitting balance and activities of daily living in stroke survivors.

Methods
This trial enrolled 32 stroke survivors aged 30 to 75 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention or control. Both groups underwent four weeks of traditional therapy. Additionally, the intervention group received four weeks of multidirectional lean training utilizing a balance disc and a smartphone application with an inclinometer. The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), the Function in Sitting Test (FIST), and the Barthel Index (BI) were used to assess the results. To compare between group effects, an ANCOVA analysis was performed using a baseline as a covariate.

Results
The PASS changing posture and BI were considerably greater in the intervention group compared to the control group. Other metrics revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion
Home-based training with balance discs and input from a smartphone inclinometer application may improve postural control and daily activity in stroke patients.

Trial registration
Clinical trials registry number: TCTR20210617004.
Physical activity pattern of patients with interstitial lung disease compared to patients with COPD: A propensity-matched study
Authors: Breuls Sofie , Pereira de Araujo Cintia , Blondeel Astrid , Yserbyt Jonas , Janssens Wim , Wuyts Wim , Troosters Thierry , Demeyer Heleen 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Physical activity (PA) is reduced in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence about the PA pattern of patients with ILD is scarce. If PA of patients with ILD would be comparable to COPD, it is tempting to speculate that existing interventions focusing on enhancing PA could be as effective in ILD as already shown in COPD. Therefore, we aimed to compare PA and the correlates with PA in matched patients with ILD, COPD, and healthy subjects.

Materials and methods
Patients with ILD (n = 45), COPD (n = 45) and healthy subjects (n = 30) were propensity matched. PA level, pattern, and PA correlations with lung function and physical performance (6-minute walking distance and quadriceps force) were compared between groups.

Results
Daily number of steps was similar in both patient groups (mean±SE: 5631±459 for ILD, 5544±547 for COPD, p = 0.900), but significantly lower compared to healthy subjects (10031±536, p<0.001 for both). Mean intensity of PA tended to be lower in the ILD group (mean±SE metabolic equivalents of task per day: 1.41±0.04) compared to COPD (1.52±0.05, p = 0.074) and healthy individuals (1.67±0.04, p<0.001). The pattern of PA over one day was found to be similar between the three groups. Lastly, the correlation between PA and 6-minute walking distance was significantly weaker in patients with ILD compared to patients with COPD (respectively r = 0.348 and r = 0.739; p<0.05 for both).

Conclusions
For a given functional reserve, patients with ILD perform an equal amount of steps but perform PA at lower intensity compared to patients with COPD. Both groups are less active compared to healthy control subjects. Functional exercise capacity was shown to be only moderately related to PA. This can potentially influence the effectiveness of PA interventions that can be expected.
Papain ameliorates monocyte-platelet aggregate formation-mediated inflammatory responses in monocytes by upregulating miRNA-146a transcription
Authors: Jiang Lei , Xu Chan , Zhao Yan , Huang Qinghua , Yuan Wufeng , Wu Yan , Fei Xianming 
Published: November 2022

Background
MicroRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducible and inflammation-sensitive miRNA, while papain elicits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting monocyte-platelet aggregate (MPA)-mediated NF-κB pathway activation in monocytes. This study aimed to demonstrate the underlying effects of papain on MPA formation-initiated miRNA-146a expression and subsequent action in monocytes.

Methods
THP-1 cells were exposed to papain, miRNA-146a mimic and inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082), and platelets. Flow cytometry was used to measure the MPA formation-initiated monocyte activation. Levels of miRNA-146a, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were analyzed in monocytes by RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA.

Results
The NF-κB inhibitor and miRNA-146a mimics upregulated miRNA-146a expression but suppressed subsequent monocyte activation and expression of COX-2 and MCP-1. Following exposure to papain, the enhanced miRNA-146a transcription induced by MPA-formation was found along with significant inhibition of monocyte activation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the inhibitory tendency was significantly reversed by miRNA-146a inhibitors. Expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, as well as MCP-1, was inhibited in monocytes by papain, whereas miRNA-146a inhibitors promoted COX-2 and MCP-1 expression.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that papain can inhibit MPA formation-mediated expression of inflammatory mediators in activated monocytes by upregulating miRNA-146a transcription.
The British Council and Anglo-Greek Literary Interactions, 1945–1955, Peter Mackridge and David Ricks (eds) (2018)
Authors: Kantzia Emmanouela 
Published: November 2022

Review of: The British Council and Anglo-Greek Literary Interactions, 1945–1955, Peter Mackridge and David Ricks (eds) (2018)
London: Routledge, 274 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47247-034-8, h/bk, £96.00
ISBN 978-0-36759-119-9, p/bk, £29.59
Contested Antiquity: Archaeological Heritage and Social Conflict in Modern Greece and Cyprus, Esther Solomon (ed.) (2021)
Authors: Lekakis Stelios 
Published: November 2022

Review of: Contested Antiquity: Archaeological Heritage and Social Conflict in Modern Greece and Cyprus, Esther Solomon (ed.) (2021)
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 330pp.,
ISBN 978-0-25305-597-2, p/bk, $48.00
Pengaruh Migran Terhadap Perubahan Guna Lahan Di WIlayah Desa Bandungrejo, Kecamatan Mranggen, Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Damarafi Garin Rezani , Suwandono Djoko 
Published: November 2022

Migrants are a person or group of people who carry out migration activities. The definition of migration itself is the movement of population from one region to another for the purpose of settling. Movement and the need for space for migrants have had many impacts on land use, particularly on green space conversion.. The city of Semarang as a center of activity has experienced rapid development, this development has spread to areas that are located on the edge, one of which is Bandungrejo Village. Migrant movement is a routine phenomenon that occurs from time to time. This migration is also motivated by many factors ranging from internal to external. Meanwhile, changes in land use that occur in an area do not occur without causes and factors. Through this research, it is hoped that a relation and correlation can be found between the presence of migrants and their activities on land use changes that occur in Bandungrejo Village, Mranggen District, Demak Regency.
MSP designing with optimal fractional PI–PD controller for IPTD processes
Authors: Sengupta Sayani , Karan Somak , Dey Chanchal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An effective tuning methodology of modified Smith predictor (MSP) based fractional controller designing for purely integrating time delayed (IPTD) processes is reported here. IPTD processes with pole at the origin are truly difficult to control; exhibit large oscillations once get disturbed from their steady state. Proposed MSP design consists of fractional PI (proportional-integral) and fractional PD (proportional-derivative) controllers together with P (proportional) controller. Fractional controllers are competent to provide improved closed loop responses due to flexibility of additional tuning parameters. Fractional tuning parameters of PI and PD controllers are derived through optimization algorithms where integral absolute error (IAE) is considered as cost function. Efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated for IPTD processes having wide range of time delay. Stability and robustness issues are explored under process model uncertainties with small gain theorem. Performance of the proposed MSP-FO(PI–PD) controller is validated through simulation study relating five IPTD process models. Overall satisfactory closed loop responses are observed for each case during transient as well as steady state operational phases.
“Cephalgia” or “migraine”? Solving the headache of assessing clinical reasoning using natural language processing
Authors: Runyon Christopher R. , Harik Polina , Barone Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this op-ed, we discuss the advantages of leveraging natural language processing (NLP) in the assessment of clinical reasoning. Clinical reasoning is a complex competency that cannot be easily assessed using multiple-choice questions. Constructed-response assessments can more directly measure important aspects of a learner’s clinical reasoning ability, but substantial resources are necessary for their use. We provide an overview of INCITE, the Intelligent Clinical Text Evaluator, a scalable NLP-based computer-assisted scoring system that was developed to measure clinical reasoning ability as assessed in the written documentation portion of the now-discontinued USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills examination. We provide the rationale for building a computer-assisted scoring system that is aligned with the intended use of an assessment. We show how INCITE’s NLP pipeline was designed with transparency and interpretability in mind, so that every score produced by the computer-assisted system could be traced back to the text segment it evaluated. We next suggest that, as a consequence of INCITE’s transparency and interpretability features, the system may easily be repurposed for formative assessment of clinical reasoning. Finally, we provide the reader with the resources to consider in building their own NLP-based assessment tools.
Conscientious Objection to Compulsory Vaccination? Lessons from the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights and a Test Employed by the Czech Constitutional Court
Authors: Kindlová Miluše , Preuss Ondřej 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper aims to analyse several theoretical problems concerning the recognition of the right to conscientious objection to compulsory vaccination. Our interest in the matter has stemmed from our domestic experience in the Czech Republic, ie a country with a traditional, comprehensive system of compulsory vaccination, but also a country in which the Constitutional Court recognised that, under certain conditions, conscientious objections to compulsory vaccination may be successfully invoked. The Constitutional Court created a special four-prong test for public authorities to ascertain whether the conscientious objection is legitimate to the case at hand and compulsory vaccination should not be enforced. We believe that sharing the Czech experience and pinpointing its crucial, but also debatable, aspects (especially the legal basis for the recognition of conscientious objection and the test itself) may be a useful comparative material for other states with a system of compulsory vaccination, or states which contemplate its introduction, possibly even against Covid-19. However, to add a broader European perspective, the paper will also examine the context of the relationship between compulsory vaccination and conscientious objection in the light of the Convention and will analyse the relevant case-law of the Strasbourg Court. A definitive answer as to whether a conscientious objection to compulsory vaccination may entail the protection of Article 9 of the Convention has not yet been given by the Strasbourg Court. Nevertheless, we argue that the case-law indicates that, under certain conditions, conscientious objections could attract the guarantees of Article 9 in future cases.