bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the efficacy of shell hash for the mitigation of intertidal sediment acidification
Authors: Doyle Bridget , Bendell Leah I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur objectives were twofold: (1) to determine whether the addition of shell hash to intertidal sediments would mitigate porewater acidification and (2) whether its effectiveness was dependent on the type of sediment as described by organic matter (OM) and particle grain size (PGS). Field experiments were conducted at two sites within Burrard Inlet, British Columbia; Maplewood Mudflats (MM), high in OM and silt and Whey‐ah‐Wichen/Cates Park (WAW), low in OM and an equal PGS among very coarse, coarse, fine sand, and silt. Shell hash was added to triplicate treatment plots matched with triplicate controls at each site and porewater pH measured at flood and ebb tide over eight tidal cycles. Sampling occurred during June and July when tidal cycles were at their maximum inundation and exposure. Porewater pH was significantly greater for ebb versus flood tide and also between sites with MM significantly lower (7.59) as compared to WAW (8.03). Although pH was not mitigated by the shell hash, for WAW, variation in pH was reduced as compared to MM, as indicated by coefficients of variation over the 6‐week sampling period. We suggest that the application of shell hash to reduce the impact of ocean acidification (OA) on intertidal sediments will be site dependent. The combined processes of eutrophication in sediments with high OM and respiration of infauna, especially at high densities, could act in concert with OA to create an intertidal region unsuitable for bivalve larvae settlement and development.
Identifying management‐driven dynamics in vegetation cover: Applying the Compere framework to Cooper Creek, Australia
Authors: Donohue Randall J. , Mokany Karel , McVicar Tim R. , O'Grady Anthony P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe observed spatial and temporal dynamics in landscape and ecosystem resources are the net effects of natural processes and management activities. Monitoring the impact that humans have on these resources requires that these two sources of variability be partitioned, removing the natural variability to reveal variability due to management activities. Here, we present Compere, a relative benchmarking framework for monitoring the management‐driven impacts on ecosystem resources. The framework identifies locations in a region that share similar biophysical properties to a target location. Taking an attribute of interest, it then compares the value of the target location with those of all its biophysically equivalent locations, with any differences being attributed to variations in management. We provide an example application of Compere, using satellite‐derived vegetation cover data to examine the impact of hydrocarbon extraction activities on land condition (as described by vegetation cover) across the 490,000‐km2 Cooper Creek region in arid central Australia. Validation was performed by comparing land condition estimates to known disturbance patterns across the region. We found that the establishment of well sites was associated with between 12% and 41% decreases in land condition but that condition recovered to original levels by 6 years after establishment. We also found that fires had much larger and longer lasting effects on land condition across these landscapes, indicating that mining‐related activities that change fire patterns are likely to affect land condition most. Compere is a generic, flexible framework, providing a new capability for monitoring management impacts on multiple types of ecosystem resources.
A patch‐dynamic metacommunity perspective on the persistence of mutualistic and antagonistic bipartite networks
Authors: Liao Jinbao , Bearup Daniel , Strona Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structure of interactions between species within a community plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity. Previous studies found that the effects of these structures might vary substantially depending on interaction type, for example, a highly connected and nested architecture stabilizes mutualistic communities, while the stability of antagonistic communities is enhanced in modular and weakly connected structures. Here we show that, when network dynamics are modeled using a patch‐dynamic metacommunity framework, the qualitative differences between antagonistic and mutualistic systems disappear, with nestedness and modularity interacting to promote metacommunity persistence. However, the interactive effects are significantly weaker in antagonistic metacommunities. Our model also predicts an increase in connectance, nestedness, and modularity over time in both types of interaction, except in antagonistic networks, where nestedness declines. At steady state, we find a strong negative correlation between nestedness and modularity in both mutualistic and antagonistic metacommunities. These predictions are consistent with the structural trends found in a large data set of real‐world antagonistic and mutualistic communities.
Why do citizens engage in climate action? A comprehensive framework of individual conditions and a proposed research approach
Authors: Mees Heleen L. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccording to many policy makers and scientists, citizen‐led initiatives such as community renewable energy initiatives, have the potential to contribute to the transformation towards a sustainable and carbon neutral society. Citizens can co‐produce public services together, such as clean energy provision for themselves and their communities. Despite this proclaimed potential, actual citizen engagement in climate action is still low. Moreover, there is a limited holistic and systematic understanding of what drives citizens to jointly co‐produce a climate service, as relevant insights are scattered over different bodies of literature. This article contributes to filling this knowledge gap by proposing a novel, comprehensive framework with which the individual conditions under which citizens are willing, able and feel responsible to co‐produce a climate service can be systematically explored. This so‐called motivation‐capacity‐ownership (MCO) framework integrates eight relevant conditions under three dimensions: Motivational, capacity‐related, and ownership‐related conditions. Based on a literature review, the eight conditions are elaborated upon for community renewable energy initiatives. It is argued that all eight conditions matter, but that their weight may vary depending on the different policy and institutional contexts, and that therefore different combinations of the eight conditions may determine whether a citizen participates in an initiative. Researchers are invited to test the validity of the framework for different types of community renewable energy initiatives in different institutional and geographical contexts, for which a research approach is proposed. In light of the rise of citizen initiatives for all kinds of sustainability issues, the framework could also be tested for enhancing its validity and refinement for citizen‐led sustainability initiatives more broadly.
Different activation of MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β after preload vs. afterload elevation
Authors: Hartmann Nico , Preuß Lena , Mohamed Belal A. , Schnelle Moritz , Renner Andre , Hasenfuß Gerd , Toischer Karl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsPressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) lead to concentric or eccentric hypertrophy. Previously, we could show that activation of signalling cascades differ in in vivo mouse models. Activation of these signal cascades could either be induced by intrinsic load sensing or neuro‐endocrine substances like catecholamines or the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system.Methods and resultsWe therefore analysed the activation of classical cardiac signal pathways [mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK, p38, and JNK) and Akt‐GSK3β] in in vitro of mechanical overload (ejecting heart model, rabbit and human isolated muscle strips). Selective elevation of preload in vitro increased AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation after 15 min in isolated rabbit muscles strips (AKT 49%, GSK3β 26%, P < 0.05) and in mouse ejecting hearts (AKT 51%, GSK49%, P < 0.05), whereas phosphorylation of MAPKs was not influenced by increased preload. Selective elevation of afterload revealed an increase in ERK phosphorylation in the ejecting heart (43%, P < 0.05), but not in AKT, GSK3β, and the other MAPKs. Elevation of preload and afterload in the ejecting heart induced a significant phosphorylation of ERK (95%, P < 0.001) and showed a moderate increased AKT (P = 0.14) and GSK3β (P = 0.21) phosphorylation, which did not reach significance. Preload and afterload elevation in muscles strips from human failing hearts showed neither AKT nor ERK phosphorylation changes.ConclusionsOur data show that preload activates the AKT–GSK3β and afterload the ERK pathway in vitro, indicating an intrinsic mechanism independent of endocrine signalling.
Versatile and Highly Efficient trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS/THT)] Precatalysts for C−N and C−C Coupling Reactions in Green Solvents
Authors: Liu Yaxu , Voloshkin Vladislav A. , Scattolin Thomas , Peng Min , Van Hecke Kristof , Nolan Steven P. , Cazin Catherine S. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA straightforward synthetic procedure to well‐defined, air‐ and moisture‐ stable trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS/THT)] (NHC=IPr, SIPr, IMes, IPrCl, IPr*, IPr#) pre‐catalysts is reported. These complexes were obtained by reacting NHC ⋅ HCl imidazolium salts with trans‐[PdCl2(DMS/THT)2] precursors with the assistance of the weak base K2CO3 in green acetone at 40 °C. The scalability of this protocol was demonstrated. The catalytic activity of the synthesized complexes was studied in the Buchwald‐Hartwig and Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions. Remarkably, most of the synthesized complexes exhibit higher catalytic activity with respect to their PEPPSI congeners in the Buchwald‐Hartwig amination in 2‐MeTHF. In particular, complex trans‐[Pd(IPr#)Cl2(DMS)] enabled the coupling of various (hetero)aryl chlorides and primary/secondary amines with a 0.2 mol% catalyst loading. In addition, trans‐[Pd(IPr)Cl2(DMS)] showed excellent performance in the room‐temperature Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction involving various (hetero)aryl chlorides and aryl boronic acids. In summary, the synthesized complexes, especially trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS)], can be considered as greener alternatives to classical PEPPSI type catalysts based on the lower toxicity of the throw‐away DMS ligand compared to 3‐chloropyridine.
On the body‐mind nexus in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A scoping review
Authors: Oliveira I. , Garrido M. V. , Bernardes S. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveBodily experience disturbances are frequent among chronic musculoskeletal pain patients and associated with important pain‐related psychosocial outcomes (e.g., disability, quality of life). However, the relationship between bodily experience and the psychological dimensions of chronic pain (e.g., affective, cognitive) has only recently garnered attention. This scoping review aimed to identify trends and gaps in research on the nexus between body awareness, body image, and body schema, and psychological processes/outcomes in adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain to inform future directions for research and practice.Databases and data treatmentThis study was guided by Arksey and O’Malley's guidelines and PRISMA‐ScR recommendations. Keywords related to body awareness/body image/body schema and pain were searched on PsycInfo and PubMed from database inception until 16 February 2021; 2045 articles were screened, and 41 met the inclusion criteria (i.e., primary quantitative studies investigating body awareness/body image/body schema in relation to pain‐related psychological outcomes/processes in chronic musculoskeletal pain).ResultsThe referred bodily experience constructs have been inconsistently defined. Body awareness was the most investigated construct, with consistent operationalization strategies. The links between body schema/body image and pain‐related psychological processes/outcomes are still under‐investigated. Most studies examined the role of bodily experience as a correlate/predictor of psychological outcomes/processes; overall, a better relationship with one's own body was associated with better pain‐related psychological outcomes/processes.ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the relevance of further investigating body‐mind relations in musculoskeletal pain and the development of therapies designed to improve the bodily experience within multidisciplinary treatment programmes. Suggestions for future research are discussed.SignificanceThis scoping review identifies trends/gaps in current research on the relationship between body awareness/body image/body schema and pain‐related psychological processes/outcomes in adults with musculoskeletal pain. Overall, findings suggest that better bodily experiences are associated to lower fear‐avoidance beliefs, better self‐regulation strategies and better chronic pain adjustment, being important targets in pain management interventions. Nonetheless, the results also emphasize the need to further investigate the causal relationships and other outcomes related to psychological resilience, as well as to develop gold standard treatments focused on bodily experience.
Structural regulation chemistry of lithium ion solvation for lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Zhongsheng , Wang Huaping , Qi Shihan , Wu Daxiong , Huang Junda , Li Xiu , Wang Caiyun , Ma Jianmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe performance of Li batteries is influenced by the Li+ solvation structure, which can be precisely adjusted by the components of the electrolytes. In this review, we overview the strategies for optimizing electrolyte solvation structures from three different perspectives, including anion regulation, binding energy regulation, and additive regulation. These strategies can optimize the composition of the electrode‐electrolyte interface, enhance the anti‐oxidative stability of electrolytes as well as regulate the behaviors of anions, solvents, and Li+ during the cycling process. Moreover, we also provide our insights into these aspects as well as present perspectives on high‐performance Li batteries.image
Wind power resources assessment at 10 different locations using wind measurements at five heights
Authors: Rehman Shafiqur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobally, people from all walks of life are working towards a sustainable globe and the availability of energy to all human beings using clean, self‐renewed, freely available, and distributive sources. Present study utilizes wind speed data measured at 40, 60, 80, 98, and 100 m above ground level and other meteorological parameters near ground level to analyze the wind characteristics, energy yield, cost of energy, and greenhouse gasses reduction at chosen locations. The data analysis showed an increasing trend of wind shear exponent with longitude and a decreasing trend of ambient temperature with latitude. The analysis recommends Yanbu North, Hafar Al‐Batin, Sharourah, and Turaif sites with annual energy delivered to the grid of 213.5, 179.4, 167.1, and 166.7 GWh from a wind farm of 49.5 MW installed capacity as the first, second, third, and fourth choice for wind power deployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. On an average, 28.45 thousand tons CO2 equivalent greenhouse gasses can be avoided from entering into the local atmosphere at each site with a maximum of 41.1 thousand tons at Yanbu North site alone.
A 3D analytical model for predicting horizontal‐axis wind turbines wake based on a 2D analytical wake model
Authors: Asad Ayoubi Peyman , Eftekhari Yazdi Mohammad , Harsini Iraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of easy‐to‐implement 3D analytical models of the wake is highly desirable, due to the critical role played by the prediction of the wake velocity profile in the estimation of power generation and the layout optimization of wind turbines in wind farms. Herein, a 3D analytical model of the wake (based on a 2D analytical model) has been proposed, which is easy to implement thanks to using the Gaussian function for the description of the velocity profile and assuming an isotropic value for the wake decay coefficient. Validation of the model was carried out using six cases of wind tunnel, field measurement, and simulation data in horizontal and vertical planes, where the model was compared with three 3D analytical models of the literature. The predictions of the model for the normalized wind velocity typically exhibited mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of MAPE ≤3 at downwind distances of x ≥ dt (dt is the rotor diameter), which are the economically‐ and power harvesting‐optimized inter‐turbine spacing in wind farms. In addition to its theoretical significance, the model bears utility potentials in applications concerning solving practical problems in wind farms.
Sand production behaviors during gas recovery from sandy and clayey‐silty hydrate‐bearing sediments: A comparative analysis
Authors: Ning Fulong , Fang Xiangyu , Liu Zhichao , Yu Yanjiang , Li Yanlong , Wang Linjie , Lu Hongfeng , Sun Jiaxin , Cao Xinxin , Shi Haoxian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSand production is a crucial geotechnical issue for safe and efficient gas recovery from natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs. Although the same gas production method of depressurization was chosen for the production trials in the Nankai Trough and the Northern South China Sea, their sand production behaviors differed greatly due to the skeleton diversity of sand in the Nankai Trough and clayey‐silt in the Northern South China Sea, which resulted in different sand control and sand production characteristics. In this study, we conducted experiments to compare sediment responses and sand production behaviors from these two typical gas hydrate‐bearing sediments (GHBSs) before, during, and after hydrate dissociation under depressurization. The results reveal the fluid and sand production rates in both GHBSs are relatively low before and after hydrate dissociation. However, the sand production rate in sandy GHBS keeps stable at a relatively high value during the whole hydrate dissociation period, accompanied by a high fluid production rate and continuous sample subsidence. In contrast, the fluid and sand production rates are proved to be high only at the early stages of hydrate dissociation in clayey‐silty GHBS with sand production decreasing obviously afterward, and the sample subsidence rate exponentially decay until the ultimate subsidence is reached. After experiments, two kinds of particle plugging phenomena, sand bridge and mud cake, are found to form outside sand screens in sandy and clayey‐silty GHBSs, respectively. Differences in permeability, particle migration, and plugging characteristics are thought to be the main inducement of the variability in sand production behaviors in different GHBS types. These findings indicate that sand‐production control strategies should obey geological engineering integration and differ according to the GHBS type. Specifically, we should concern sand production risk in sandy GHBS during and after hydrate dissociation, whereas more attention should be paid to the early stages of hydrate dissociation in clayey‐silty GHBS.
Drug‐grafted DNA as a novel chemogene for targeted combinatorial cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Yuhe , Zhang Jiao , Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Ping , Su Yue , Jin Xin , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCombinatorial therapy based on chemotherapeutic drugs and gene agents to achieve synergistic antitumor effects has emerged as a new direction for cancer treatment. However, simple and efficient co‐delivery of those two drug categories remains a key challenge in this hot area owing to their substantially different pharmacodynamics, impeding the translational potentials of combinatorial approaches. To address this issue, herein we propose a simple strategy to site‐specifically graft camptothecins (CPTs, a representative chemodrug) onto a DNA with dual functional segments, including an AS1411 aptamer sequence to target the cancer cell and a BCL‐2 antisense sequence to down‐regulate the anti‐apoptotic gene. The obtained DNA‐drug conjugate possesses precise chemical composition, controllable drug loading ratio, and responsive disulfide linkage, which can serve as a novel type of chemogene for combinatorial cancer therapy. In both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, our CPT‐bearing chemogene exhibit the targeted co‐delivery of chemo and gene agents to tumor site, efficient BCL‐2 gene knockdown, and strong induced apoptosis of cancer cells, together leading into an enhanced antitumor efficacy. With simple and precise structure as well as facile synthetic procedure, the new chemogene may turn into a promising drug formulation for combinatorial antitumor treatment.
Effect of altitude on vertical temperature distribution and longitudinal smoke layer thickness in long tunnel fires
Authors: Bin Liu , Jun Mao , Yanhong Xi , Jiawei Hu 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBased on large eddy simulation, a series of long tunnel fire experiments with different heat release rates (HRRs) and altitudes were carried out. The vertical temperature and thickness of fire smoke are studied. The simulation results show that the higher the altitude, the lower the flame temperature rise, while the change of smoke plume temperature rise is opposite. The movement of smoke in the tunnel can be divided into four regions, and the smoke layer thickness in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel corresponds to the latter three regions. The thickness in Region II increases along the longitudinal direction, the thickness in Region III is a constant value, and the thickness in Region IV increases along the longitudinal direction. Besides, the change of altitude only has an effect on the smoke layer thickness in Region IV. Then, by considering the altitude, HRR, and smoke layer thickness, and using dimensional analysis, an empirical formula for predicting the smoke layer thickness under the influence of altitude in Region IV was established.
Palaeozoic tectonic evolution and magmatism in the Kalatag area, East Tianshan, NW China: Evidence from the geochronology and geochemistry of intrusive rocks
Authors: Zhang Zhenlong , Yang Fuquan , Zhou Taofa , Geng Xinxia , Zhang Zhixin , Yang Chengdong 
Published: March 2022

The Kalatag area contains many intrusive rocks of Late Ordovician to Permian age and hosts polymetallic deposits that are associated with magmatism. It is a key area for revealing the nature and genesis of the Palaeozoic rocks in East Tianshan. The intrusive rocks of different periods preserve useful information regarding the tectonomagmatic history of the Kalatag area. Zircon U–Pb geochronological, Hf isotopic, Sr–Nd isotopic, and whole‐rock geochemical analyses are reported for the intrusions from the Meiling ore district, Yudai ore district, and Kalatag pluton to reveal their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. The LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb analyses suggest that the quartz diorite from the Kalatag pluton formed at 420–432 Ma, and the quartz diorite porphyry from the Yudai ore district formed at 436–439 Ma. The zircons from the quartz diorite and quartz diorite porphyry mainly yield high εHf(t) values (12.2–16.2) and very young Hf model ages (TDM = 0.41–0.56 Ga; TDMC = 0.49–0.56 Ga), which are consistent with a depleted mantle origin. The geochemical characteristics of the granites and quartz diorites from the Kalatag pluton and diorite porphyry from the Meiling ore district exhibit typical subduction‐related features such as enrichment in LILEs and LREEs and depletion in HFSEs. These diorites have moderate Mg# (30–47), positive εNd(t) values (4.2–5.6), and young Nd model ages (0.62–0.83 Ga), which are consistent with a depleted mantle origin that is accompanied by limited crustal assimilation. Based on the regional geology and geochemical evidence and previous studies, the Ordovician–Carboniferous rocks from the Kalatag area are considered to have formed in an island‐arc setting and were probably formed by a subduction event.