bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional Geometry and Kinematics of the Changning Anticline in the Southern Sichuan Basin
Authors: YANG Jinhe , HE Dengfa , ZHANG Weikang , HUANG Hanyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aim to clarify the structural characteristics and deformation process of the Changning anticline. We carefully interpret 38 two‐dimensional (2D) seismic profiles in the study area and establish three‐dimensional (3D) geometric and quantitative kinematic models of the Changning anticline. This study shows that the basement fault controls the formation of the Changning anticline. The fault slope of the main fault in the basement shows ‘steep in the upper and gentle in the lower’ structural characteristics vertically, possessing obvious segmentary characteristics transversely and presents the overall characteristics of ‘steep in the east and gentle in the west’. Further analysis shows that the Changning anticline proceeds west and terminates at the boundary defined by current surface features but gradually disappears westward across the Mt. Huaying fault zone. Furthermore, we identified that deformation of the Changning anticline began during the early Yanshanian movement period. Under compressional stress from the southeast, the anticline slid forward along the basement fault until the end of the Yanshanian movement period, when the dominant WNW–ESE structure gradually emerged. Since the Himalayan movement period, a series of NE‐trending structures have been formed in the anticline, owing to multi‐directional compressive stress.
Clinical variables, including novel joint index, associated with future patient‐physician discordance in global assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity based on a large RA database in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Sawada Tetsuji , Nishiyama Susumu , Tahara Koichiro , Hayashi Haeru , Mori Hiroaki , Kato Eri , Tago Mayu , Matsui Toshihiro , Tohma Shigeto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiscordance between patient global assessment (PGA) and physician global assessment (PhGA) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity is mainly determined by pain and functional disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the shift in PGA‐PhGA discordance and the variables associated with future positive discordance (PGA > PhGA) based on the NinJa database in Japan.MethodsWe examined 7557 adults with RA registered in both NinJa 2014 and 2018, with a discordance cutoff of 3 on a 10‐cm scale. The affected joint distribution was investigated using the joint indices x, y, and z, which were calculated as indices for the upper joint, lower joint, and large joint involvement, respectively. The variables in NinJa 2014 that were associated with positive discordance in NinJa 2018 were examined using binary stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsDue to the small number of patients with RA categorized as having negative discordance (PGA < PhGA), we focused on patients with RA categorized as having either concordance or positive discordance. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive discordance in NinJa 2018 was associated with age, pain, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) score, corticosteroid use, and existent positive discordance and was inversely associated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and x at baseline (NinJa 2014). The same findings were observed when patients with RA were divided based on the discordance status at baseline. Persistence (positive discordance to positive discordance) was associated with pain and mHAQ scores but inversely associated with CRP.ConclusionsPositive discordance may persist. Circumventing this requires adequate management of pain and functional impairment.
Prediction of fitness under different breeding designs in conservation programs
Authors: Pérez‐Pereira N. , López‐Cortegano E. , García‐Dorado A. , Caballero A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe expected change in fitness under inbreeding due to deleterious recessive alleles depends on the amount of inbreeding load harbored by a population, that is, the load of deleterious recessive mutations concealed in the heterozygous state, and the opposing effect of genetic purging to remove such a load. This change in fitness can be thus predicted if an estimate of the inbreeding load and the purging coefficient (the parameter that quantifies the amount of purging) are available. These two parameters can be estimated in pedigreed populations, as has been shown for populations under random mating. A question arises whether these parameters can also be estimated under other breeding systems as well as whether they allow accurate prediction of the corresponding expected change in fitness. In conservation programs, it is usually recommended to preserve genetic diversity by equalizing contributions from parents to progeny and avoiding inbred matings. Regular systems of inbreeding have also been proposed as breeding conservation strategies to purge the inbreeding load. Using computer simulations, we first test a method to jointly estimate the initial inbreeding load and the purging coefficient in populations subjected to equalization of parental contributions, circular mating, and partial full‐sib mating. Then, using the expected values of the inbreeding coefficient and the variance of family size, as well as the estimates of the inbreeding load and the purging coefficient, we make simple predictions of the change in fitness over generations under these breeding systems and compare them with simulation results. We discuss how these fitness predictions can help undertaking conservation designs under different breeding scenarios.
Antenatal depression screening and psychosocial assessment in an Australian private hospital: An evaluation
Authors: Kohlhoff Jane , Tooke Sarah , Philipov Marisa , Hickinbotham Rachael , Knox Catherine , Roach Vijay , Barnett Bryanne 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundUniversal mental health screening and psychosocial assessment during pregnancy have been recommended as best practice, but uptake of universal programs in the private hospital system has been slow.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Pre‐admission Midwife Appointment Program (PMAP), an antenatal mental health screening program at the Mater Hospital, Sydney.Materials and MethodsIn this mixed‐methods design study, PMAP interview data were collected for a consecutive series of 485 women who attended the PMAP during a 10‐month period. Women also completed two postnatal telephone interviews (10 weeks and 9 months postpartum). The interviews involved depression screening and questions about the program.ResultsOf the 485 participants, 4.1% screened positive for depression on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In total, 19% were identified as currently suffering from, or at risk of developing, perinatal mental health issues; referrals to support services were provided for the 13% who were not already linked in with appropriate supports. All women displayed a decrease in depressive symptom severity from pregnancy to 10 weeks and 9 months postpartum. The PMAP was viewed positively by consumers, with >93% viewing the program as helpful and >98% saying that they would recommend the program to others. Additional program benefits identified included opportunities to gain practical information and prepare for motherhood and to think/reflect on their emotional well‐being.ConclusionsGiven the observed rates of psychosocial risk among this sample, related referral opportunities and positive consumer feedback, we recommend other Australian private hospitals consider implementing PMAP or similar programs.
Position statement from the Editors of Anaesthesia on equity, diversity and inclusion
Authors: Agarwal S. , El‐Boghdadly K. ,   Editors
Published: June 2022

SummaryThere is a need to prioritise equity, diversity and inclusion within anaesthesia and medicine as a whole. This position statement outlines the Anaesthesia Editors' current policies and practices aiming to achieve equity, represent the diversity of our specialty and actively include people engaged with this journal and beyond. We will define, promote and embed principles of equity, diversity and inclusion across all our work. We will monitor and report author and editor characteristics and ensure recruitment practices are transparent and adhere to our principles on equity, diversity and inclusion. We will attempt to remove systemic barriers restricting those from under‐represented groups from progressing into leadership roles within anaesthesia. We will respond to threats and barriers to the principles and practices we set. With these principles and specific actions we undertake, we aim to be pro‐active rather than reactive. We commit to embracing and embedding equity, diversity and inclusion in all our practices and regularly reviewing, improving and updating our policies and practices.
Salivary metabolomics with machine learning for colorectal cancer detection
Authors: Kuwabara Hiroshi , Katsumata Kenji , Iwabuchi Atsuhiro , Udo Ryutaro , Tago Tomoya , Kasahara Kenta , Mazaki Junichi , Enomoto Masanobu , Ishizaki Tetsuo , Soya Ryoko , Kaneko Miku , Ota Sana , Enomoto Ayame , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tomita Masaru , Sunamura Makoto , Tsuchida Akihiko , Sugimoto Masahiro , Nagakawa Yuichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs the worldwide prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases, it is vital to reduce its morbidity and mortality through early detection. Saliva‐based tests are an ideal noninvasive tool for CRC detection. Here, we explored and validated salivary biomarkers to distinguish patients with CRC from those with adenoma (AD) and healthy controls (HC). Saliva samples were collected from patients with CRC, AD, and HC. Untargeted salivary hydrophilic metabolite profiling was conducted using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. An alternative decision tree (ADTree)‐based machine learning (ML) method was used to assess the discrimination abilities of the quantified metabolites. A total of 2602 unstimulated saliva samples were collected from subjects with CRC (n = 235), AD (n = 50), and HC (n = 2317). Data were randomly divided into training (n = 1301) and validation datasets (n = 1301). The clustering analysis showed a clear consistency of aberrant metabolites between the two groups. The ADTree model was optimized through cross‐validation (CV) using the training dataset, and the developed model was validated using the validation dataset. The model discriminating CRC + AD from HC showed area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.860 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.828‐0.891) for CV and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.837‐0.903) for the validation dataset. The other model discriminating CRC from AD + HC showed an AUC of 0.879 (95% CI: 0.851‐0.907) and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.838‐0.902), respectively. Salivary metabolomics combined with ML demonstrated high accuracy and versatility in detecting CRC.
Pertuzumab retreatment for HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer: A randomized, open‐label phase III study (PRECIOUS)
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaka , Iwata Hiroji , Taira Naruto , Masuda Norikazu , Takahashi Masato , Yoshinami Tetsuhiro , Ueno Takayuki , Toyama Tatsuya , Yamanaka Takashi , Takano Toshimi , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Tsugawa Koichiro , Hasegawa Yoshie , Tamura Kenji , Tada Hiroshi , Hara Fumikata , Fujisawa Tomomi , Niikura Naoki , Saji Shigehira , Morita Satoshi , Toi Masakazu , Ohno Shinji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNo standard options existed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced breast cancer that progresses after second‐line trastuzumab emtansine therapy before 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of pertuzumab retreatment after disease progression following pertuzumab‐containing therapy for HER2‐positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer for the first time. This randomized, open‐label, multicenter phase III trial was undertaken in 93 sites in Japan. Eligible patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer who had received pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy as first‐ and/or second‐line therapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to: (i) pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and physician's choice chemotherapy (PTC), or (ii) trastuzumab and physician's choice chemotherapy (TC). The primary end‐point was investigator‐assessed progression‐free survival (PFS). Between August 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018, 219 patients were randomized to PTC (n = 110) or TC (n = 109). Median follow‐up was 14.2 months (interquartile range, 9.0–22.2), and median PFS was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0–6.6) with PTC and 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.2–4.8) with TC (stratified hazard ratio 0.76 [95% CI upper limit 0.967]; p = 0.022). Progression‐free survival was improved by adding pertuzumab in all prespecified subgroups. The PTC arm showed a trend towards better overall survival and duration of response, but similar objective response and health‐related quality of life. The incidence of treatment‐related adverse events was similar between groups except for diarrhea. Pertuzumab retreatment contributes to disease control for HER2‐positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with pertuzumab‐containing regimens.
Science‐based planning can support law enforcement actions to curb deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Mataveli Guilherme , de Oliveira Gabriel , Chaves Michel E. D. , Dalagnol Ricardo , Wagner Fabien H. , Ipia Alber H. S. , Silva‐Junior Celso H. L. , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile Brazil publicly committed to reduce deforestation in Amazonia at the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26), the Brazilian parliament is moving toward weakening environmental laws. Deforestation rates continue ascending, reaching in 2021 the highest value since 2006 (13,235 km2). To overcome this paradox, strategies to curb deforestation are mandatory. The current strategy, “Plano Amazônia 21/22,” prioritizes law enforcement actions to curb illegal deforestation in only 11 Amazonian municipalities. Here, we show that this prioritization is likely to be insufficient since these municipalities account for just 37% of the current deforestation rate. This strategy may also be undermined by the leakage of deforestation actions to unmonitored municipalities. Using a set of spatially explicit datasets integrated into a deforestation‐prediction modeling approach, we propose a science‐based alternative method for ranking deforestation hotspots to be prioritized by law enforcement actions. Our prioritization method accounts for more than 60% of the deforestation, detecting larger deforested areas in both private and public lands, while covering 27% less territory than “Plano Amazônia 21/22.” Optimizing the detection of priority areas for curbing deforestation, as proposed here, is the first step to reducing deforestation rates and comply with the Brazilian legal commitment of 3925 km2 year−1.
Explanation and evaluation in Foucault's genealogy of morality
Authors: Lichtenstein Eli B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhilosophers have cataloged a range of genealogical methods by which different sorts of normative conclusions can be established. Although such methods provide diverging ways of pursuing genealogical inquiry, they typically converge in eschewing historiographic methodology, in favor of a uniquely philosophical approach. In contrast, one genealogist who drew on historiographic methodology is Michel Foucault. This article presents the motivations and advantages of Foucault's genealogical use of such a methodology. It advances two mains claims. First, that Foucault's early 1970s work employs a distinct genealogical method, which borrows from contemporary historiographic models of explanation to expand the range of objects that are proper to genealogical accounts of historical change. I demonstrate how Foucault modifies two central commitments of Nietzsche by broadening the dimensions of genealogical inquiry and explanation. Second, that historical method has normative relevance for genealogy, insofar as different historiographic choices can lead to different normative conclusions. I motivate this second claim by explaining how Foucault's multidimensional genealogical method expands both (a) the range of objects that are subject to evaluative assessment, and (b) the set of possible prescriptive recommendations that follow from such assessment.
Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for post‐anaesthetic pulmonary oedema in horses
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban Anat , Steinman Amir , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Kushnir Yishai , Abells Sutton Gila , Epstein Ana , Kelmer Gal 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundPulmonary oedema is an uncommon but life‐threatening condition in horses. It is defined as an abnormal accumulation of liquid and solute in the extravascular tissues and spaces of the lungs, which causes oxygen diffusion impairment and a reduction in lung compliance. Diagnosis is determined by typical clinical signs, including frothy, haemorrhagic nasal discharge and respiratory distress, and can be supported by thoracic imaging and arterial blood gas analysis. In horses, post‐anaesthetic pulmonary oedema (PAPOE) is poorly reported, and there is a lack of information regarding risk factors and prognosis.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to determine risk factors and short‐term outcome for PAPOE during the recovery period in horses.Study designA retrospective case‐control study including 17 cases and 53 controls.MethodsMedical records of clinical cases and controls over a period of four and a half years were reviewed. Short‐term outcomes and risk factors for PAPOE were investigated using conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsAscarid impaction prevalence in PAPOE cases was significantly higher than controls (p = 0.03). In a univariable analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with PAPOE (p ≤ 0.05): gastric reflux on admission, haemorrhage during surgery, intravenous crystalloid treatment prior to admission, fresh frozen plasma and hydroxyethyl starch administration during anaesthesia. On multivariable analysis, gastric reflux on admission (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 1.1, 57.2) and fresh frozen plasma treatment during anaesthesia (OR = 9.6, 95% CI 1.2, 79.1) were found as risk factors for PAPOE. There was no significant difference in outcome between cases and controls.Main limitationsThe low number of cases, the lack of gross and histological post‐mortem examinations of the horses that did not survive and the clinical definition of PAPOE.ConclusionsGastric reflux and fresh frozen plasma administration during general anaesthesia are associated with PAPOE.
Higher hospitalization and mortality rates among SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected persons in rural America
Authors: Anzalone Alfred Jerrod , Horswell Ronald , Hendricks Brian M. , Chu San , Hillegass William B. , Beasley William H. , Harper Jeremy R. , Kimble Wesley , Rosen Clifford J. , Miele Lucio , McClay James C. , Santangelo Susan L. , Hodder Sally L. ,   National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeRural communities are among the most underserved and resource‐scarce populations in the United States. However, there are limited data on COVID‐19 outcomes in rural America. This study aims to compare hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality among SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected persons stratified by residential rurality.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) assesses 1,033,229 patients from 44 US hospital systems diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection between January 2020 and June 2021. Primary outcomes were hospitalization and all‐cause inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were utilization of supplemental oxygen, invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events or hospital readmission. The analytic approach estimates 90‐day survival in hospitalized patients and associations between rurality, hospitalization, and inpatient adverse events while controlling for major risk factors using Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and mixed‐effects logistic regression.FindingsOf 1,033,229 diagnosed COVID‐19 patients included, 186,882 required hospitalization. After adjusting for demographic differences and comorbidities, urban‐adjacent and nonurban‐adjacent rural dwellers with COVID‐19 were more likely to be hospitalized (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16‐1.21 and aOR 1.29, CI 1.24‐1.1.34) and to die or be transferred to hospice (aOR 1.36, CI 1.29‐1.43 and 1.37, CI 1.26‐1.50), respectively. All secondary outcomes were more likely among rural patients.ConclusionsHospitalization, inpatient mortality, and other adverse outcomes are higher among rural persons with COVID‐19, even after adjusting for demographic differences and comorbidities. Further research is needed to understand the factors that drive health disparities in rural populations.
Novel Word Learning With Verbal Definitions and Images: Tracking Consolidation With Behavioral and Event‐Related Potential Measures
Authors: Lei Daisy , Liu Yushuang , van Hell Janet G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examined the impact of images on novel word learning and consolidation, in a conceptual replication of Liu and Van Hell (2020). After participants had learned one set of novel words with definitions and images on Day 1 (remote words) and a different set on Day 2 (recent words), they judged the semantic relatedness of word pairs on Days 2 and 8 while event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Day 2 ERPs showed that remote, but not recent, novel words elicited a late positive component. By Day 8, both remote and recent novel words elicited a late positive component. We observed no N400 on either day. Comparing these learners (definition‐image group) with learners trained with definitions only (using data from Liu & Van Hell, 2020) revealed that the groups’ ERP patterns did not differ, but definition recall and relatedness judgment performances were higher for the definition‐image group than for the definition‐only group. Learning novel word meanings through definitions and images strengthened behavioral outcomes but did not affect ERP signatures of learning and consolidation.