bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures to characterise health status for patients seeking care from an orthopaedic provider: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Horn Maggie E , Reinke Emily K , Yan Xiaofang , Luo Sheng , Bolognesi Michael , Reeve Bryce B , George Steven Z 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesCharacterise the health status of patients newly consulting an orthopaedic specialist across eight clinical subspecialties.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting18 orthopaedic clinics, including 8 subspecialties (14 ambulatory and 4 hospital based) within an academic health system.Participants14 910 patients consulting an orthopaedic specialist for a new patient consultation who completed baseline Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures associated with their appointment from 17 November 2017 to 13 May 2019. Patients were aged 55.72±5.8 years old, and 61.3% were female and 79.3% were Caucasian and 13.4% were black or African American. Patients who did not complete PROMIS measures or cancelled their appointment were excluded from the study.Primary outcomePROMIS domains of physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance and the ability to participate in social roles.ResultsMean PROMIS scores for physical function were (38.1±9.2), pain interference (58.9±8.1), pain intensity (4.6±2.5), depression (47.9±8.9), anxiety (49.9±9.5), fatigue (50.5±10.3), sleep disturbance (51.1±9.8) and ability to participate in social roles (49.1±10.3) for the entire cohort. Across the clinical subspecialties, neurosurgery, spine and trauma patients were most profoundly affected across almost all domains and patients consulting with a hand specialist reported the least limitations or symptoms across domains. There was a moderate, negative correlation between pain interference and physical functioning (r=−0.59) and low correlations between pain interference with anxiety (r=0.36), depression (r=0.39) as well as physical function and anxiety (r=−0.32) and depression(r=−0.30) and sleep (r=−0.31).ConclusionsWe directly compared clinically meaningful PROMIS domains across eight orthopaedic subspecialties, which would not have been possible with legacy measures alone. These results support PROMIS’s utility as a common metric to assess and compare patient health status across multiple orthopaedic subspecialties.
Life or limb: an international qualitative study on decision making in sarcoma surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bunzli Samantha , O'Brien Penny , Aston Will , Ayerza Miguel A , Chan Lester , Cherix Stephane , de las Heras Jorge , Donati Davide , Eyesan Uwale , Fabbri Nicola , Ghert Michelle , Hilton Thomas , Idowu Oluwaseyi Kayode , Imanishi Jungo , Puri Ajay , Rose Peter , Sabah Dundar , Turcotte Robert , Weber Kristy , Dowsey Michelle M , Choong Peter F M 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented as a global crisis over the last century. How do specialist surgeons make decisions about patient care in these unprecedent times?DesignBetween April and May 2020, we conducted an international qualitative study. Sarcoma surgeons from diverse global settings participated in 60 min interviews exploring surgical decision making during COVID-19. Interview data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.SettingParticipants represented public and private hospitals in 14 countries, in different phases of the first wave of the pandemic: Australia, Argentina, Canada, India, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, UK and USA.ParticipantsFrom 22 invited sarcoma surgeons, 18 surgeons participated. Participants had an average of 19 years experience as a sarcoma surgeon.Results17/18 participants described a decision they had made about patient care since the start of the pandemic that was unique to them, that is, without precedence. Common to ‘unique’ decisions about patient care was uncertainty about what was going on and what would happen in the future (theme 1: the context of uncertainty), the impact of the pandemic on resources or threat of the pandemic to overwhelm resources (theme 2: limited resources), perceived increased risk to self (theme 3: duty of care) and least-worst decision making, in which none of the options were perceived as ideal and participants settled on the least-worst option at that point in time (theme 4: least-worst decision making).ConclusionsIn the context of rapidly changing standards of justice and beneficence in patient care, traditional decision-making frameworks may no longer apply. Based on the experiences of surgeons in this study, we describe a framework of least-worst decision making. This framework gives rise to actionable strategies that can support decision making in sarcoma and other specialised fields of surgery, both during the current crisis and beyond.
Effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on the secondary consequences of surviving a cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Joshi Vicky L , Christensen Jan , Lejsgaard Esben , Taylor Rod S , Zwisler Ann Dorthe , Tang Lars H 
Published: February 2022

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on the secondary physical, neurological and psychological consequences of cardiac arrest (CA) for adult survivors.MethodsA literature search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica database, Psychological Information Database, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials) was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies up to 18 April 2021. The primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and main secondary outcome was neurological function with additional secondary outcomes being survival, rehospitalisation, safety (serious and non-serious adverse events), psychological well-being, fatigue, exercise capacity and physical capacity. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias.ResultsThree RCTs and 11 observational studies were included (total 721 participants). Study duration ranged from 8 weeks to 2 years. Pooled data from two RCTs showed low-quality evidence for no effect on physical HRQoL (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.19, (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.47)) and no effect on mental HRQoL (SMD 0.27 (95% CI: −0.01 to 0.55)).Regarding secondary outcomes, very low-quality evidence was found for improvement in neurological function associated with inpatient rehabilitation for CA survivors with acquired brain injury (SMD 0.71, (95% CI: 0.45 to 0.96)) from five observational studies. Two small observational studies found exercise-based rehabilitation interventions to be safe for CA survivors, reporting no serious or non-serious events.ConclusionsGiven the overall low quality of evidence, this review cannot determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for CA survivors on HRQoL, neurological function or other included outcomes, and recommend further high-quality studies be conducted. In the interim, existing clinical guidelines on rehabilitation provision after CA should be followed to meet the high burden of secondary consequences suffered by CA survivors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018110129.
Disparities in multiple sleep characteristics among non-Hispanic White and Hispanic/Latino adults by birthplace and language preference: cross-sectional results from the US National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Gaston Symielle A , Martinez-Miller Erline E , McGrath John , Jackson II W Braxton , Napoles Anna , Pérez-Stable Eliseo , Jackson Chandra L 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether sleep disparities vary by birthplace among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic/Latino adults in the USA and to investigate language preference as an effect modifier.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUSA.Participants254 699 men and women.MethodsWe used pooled 2004–2017 National Health Interview Survey data. Adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioural/clinical characteristics, survey-weighted Poisson regressions with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of self-reported sleep characteristics (eg, sleep duration, trouble staying asleep) among (1) foreign-born NHW adults and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus US-born NHW adults and (2) Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus foreign-born NHW adults. We further stratified by language preference in comparisons of Hispanic/Latino heritage groups with the US-born NHW group.ResultsAmong 254 699 participants with a mean age±SE 47±0.9 years, 81% self-identified their race/ethnicity as NHW, 12% Mexican, 2% Puerto Rican, 1% Cuban, 1% Dominican and 3% Central/South American. Compared with US-born NHW adults, foreign-born NHW adults were more likely to report poor sleep quality (eg, PRtrouble staying asleep=1.27 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.37)), and US-born Mexican adults were no more likely to report non-recommended sleep duration while foreign-born Mexican adults were less likely (eg, PR≤5-hours=0.52 (0.47 to 0.57)). Overall, Mexican adults had lower prevalence of poor sleep quality versus US-born NHW adults, and PRs were lowest for foreign-born Mexican adults. US-born Mexican adults were more likely than foreign-born NHW adults to report shorter sleep duration. Regardless of birthplace, Puerto Rican adults were more likely to report shorter sleep duration versus NHW adults. Generally, sleep duration and quality were better among Cuban and Dominican adults versus US-born NHW adults but were similar versus foreign-born NHW adults. Despite imprecision in certain estimates, Spanish language preference was generally associated with increasingly better sleep among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups compared with US-born NHW adults.ConclusionSleep disparities varied by birthplace, Hispanic/Latino heritage and language preference, and each characteristic should be considered in sleep disparities research.
Examining LGBTI+ inclusive sexual health education from the perspective of both youth and facilitators: a systematic review
Authors: O'Farrell Muire , Corcoran Phil , Davoren Martin P 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo critically appraise and synthesise the evidence in relation to both the receipt and delivery of LGBTI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex) inclusive sexual health education.DesignA systematic review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesA systematic search of three online databases (EMBASE, PsychINFO and SocINDEX) from January 1990 to May 2021 was conducted.Eligibility criteriaStudies included were (1) peer-reviewed; (2) English; (3) quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods; that evaluated (4) inclusive sexual health in an educational or online setting and (5) focused on training or educating. Studies were excluded if (1) the population was not LGBTI+ inclusive; (2) the studies did not focus on original data or (3) the study was not available in full text.Data extraction and synthesisThe studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A narrative synthesis was then completed employing content analysis focusing on the results section of each article.ResultsOf the 5656 records retrieved, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies noted that both LGBTI+ youth and those who facilitate sexual health education are turning to online sources of information. Current sexual health education programmes operate mainly from a heterosexual perspective, creating a sense of exclusion for LGBTI+ youth. This is compounded by a lack of training, or provision of an inclusive curricula, resulting in facilitators feeling ill equipped or inhibited by their personal biases.ConclusionsLGBTI+ youth are not experiencing inclusive and comprehensive sexual health education. In parallel, educators report poor access to information, training and resources remain the primary reasons. There is a need to standardise sexual health curricula, making them LGBTI+ inclusive and incorporate holistic aspects of health such as pleasure and healthy relationships. Online approaches should be considered in the future, as they represent equality of access for both sexual health education professionals and LGBTI+ youth alike.
Determinants of maternal knowledge of neonatal danger signs among
postpartum mothers in Southern Ethiopia: institutional-based cross-sectional
study
Authors: Mose Ayenew , Abebe Haimanot , Shitu Solomon , Shimels Habtamu 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The main aim of this study was to assess knowledge of neonatal
danger signs and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Southern
Ethiopia.

Setting
Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Study participants
A total of 608 postpartum mothers were involved in this
study.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted
among postpartum mothers attending Gurage zone public health facilities
of Southern Ethiopia from 1 January 2020 to 30 January 2020.

Results
Knowledge of neonatal danger signs among postpartum mothers was
48.2% (95% CI 44.4% to 52.3%). Mothers resided in an urban area
(adjusted OR, AOR=1.67, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.50), having antenatal follow-up
(AOR=1.49, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.18), mothers who had got breastfeeding
counselling (AOR=3.43, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.75), mothers who had got
postnatal care counselling (AOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.18), multiparous
mothers (AOR=1.37, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.19) and mothers who had good
practice of essential newborn care (AOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) were
factors significantly associated with maternal knowledge of neonatal
danger signs.

Conclusions
Knowledge of neonatal danger signs was low in the study area.
Mothers resided in an urban area, having antenatal follow-up, mothers
who had got breastfeeding counselling, mothers who had got postnatal
care counselling, multiparous mothers and good practice of essential
neonatal care were factors associated with maternal knowledge of
neonatal danger signs. Therefore, healthcare workers should encourage
mothers to have antenatal follow-up and provide postnatal care
counselling regarding key neonatal danger signs before discharge from
the health facilities.
Attaining a British consensus statement on managing idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) through a Delphi process: a study protocol
Authors: Gelfer Yael , Blanco Jose , Trees Amanda , Davis Naomi , Buckingham Rachel , Peek Anna C , Wright Elizabeth , Rajan Rohan , Atherton William Guy , Watson Denise , Easton Vicky , Garg Neeraj , Mavrotas Jason , Tennant Sally , Theologis Tim 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIdiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is the most common congenital limb deformity. Non-operative intervention using the Ponseti method has shown to be superior to soft tissue release and has become the gold standard for first-line treatment. However, numerous deviations from the Ponseti protocol are still reported following incomplete correction or deformity relapse. Significant variation in treatment protocols and management is evident in the literature. Reducing geographical treatment variation has been identified as one of The James Lind Alliance priorities in children’s orthopaedics. For this reason, the British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) commissioned a consensus document to form a benchmark for practitioners and ensure consistent high quality care for children with CTEV.Methods and analysisThe consensus will follow an established Delphi approach aiming at gaining an agreement on the items to be included in the consensus statement for the management of primary idiopathic CTEV up to walking age. The process will include the following steps: (1) establishing a steering group, (2) steering group meetings, (3) a two-round Delphi survey aimed at BSCOS members, (4) final consensus meeting and (5) dissemination of the consensus statement. Degree of agreement for each item will be predetermined. Descriptive statistics will be used for analysis of the Delphi survey results.Ethics and disseminationNo patient involvement is required for this project. Informed consent will be assumed from participants taking part in the Delphi survey. Study findings will be published in an open access journal and presented at relevant national and international conferences. Charities and associations will be engaged to promote awareness of the consensus statement.
Analysing effects of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes on methods of suicide completion in Japan between 2009 and 2018 using governmental statistical data
Authors: Hasegawa Toshiki , Matsumoto Ryusuke , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Okada Motohiro 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms of reduction of suicide mortality in Japan (from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 population) between 2009 and 2018, the present study determined the effects of execution amounts of regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasure: EFECBSC) on gender-specific trends of suicide mortality by disaggregated methods.Design and settingStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of execution amounts of 10 subdivisions of execution amounts of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (EFECBSC) on suicide methods and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018 using the statistical data obtained from national governmental database.ResultsThe suicide mortalities by the most common/frequent suicide methods, hanging, charcoal burning and jumping were significantly decreased between 2009 and 2018. Male hanging suicide was decreased by prefectural enlightenment, municipal development programmes, but female hanging suicide was decreased by municipal personal consultation programmes. Municipal development and enlightenment programmes decreased male and female charcoal-burning suicide mortalities, respectively. Jumping suicide was decreased by prefectural telephone consultation programmes but was unexpectedly increased by municipal personal consultation and enlightenment programmes.ConclusionsThis study revealed the contribution of ECEFBSC on reduction of suicide mortalities, especially hanging, charcoal-burning and jumping suicides, via enhancement of regional suicide prevention programmes in Japan; however, notably, the ‘means substitution’ from parts of hanging and charcoal burning to jumping is probably generated by EFECBSC. Therefore, these findings provide important aspects for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.
Pragmatic cluster randomised control trial using Vaxcards as an age-appropriate tool to incentivise and educate school students about vaccination
Authors: Epstein Daniel , Enticott Joanne , Larson Heidi , Barton Christopher 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis trial aimed to determine if return rates of consent forms for vaccination could be improved when Vaxcards were offered as an incentive to school children.SettingNineteen schools in South East Melbourne participated.InterventionsStudents in the experimental arm received a pack of Vaxcards when they returned their government consent form.Outcome measuresReturn of ‘yes’ consent forms for vaccination as part of a local government council vaccine programme was the primary outcome of this trial. Return rates were compared between the intervention and control schools and with historical return rates.ResultsSecondary school students (N=3087) from 19 schools participated. Compared with historical returns, a small global reduction in ‘yes’ responses to consent forms of −4.21% in human papilloma virus consent ‘yes’ responses and −4.69% for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was observed across all schools. No difference between the experimental and control groups was observed.ConclusionsLow ‘yes’ consent rates and reduction in consent rates between 2018 and 2019 for all groups are concerning. This finding highlights the need for behaviour change interventions across all groups to increase vaccine confidence. Lack of effect of incentivisation with Vaxcards in this study may have been due to the timing of receiving the cards (after the decision to vaccinate had been made, not before) and the limited intensity of the intervention. Optimising the timing and the intensity of exposure to Vaxcards could improve the outcome.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001753246.
Egocentric social network characteristics and cardiovascular risk among patients with hypertension or diabetes in western Kenya: a cross-sectional analysis from the BIGPIC trial
Authors: Ruchman Samuel G , Delong Allison K , Kamano Jemima H , Bloomfield Gerald S , Chrysanthopoulou Stavroula A , Fuster Valentin , Horowitz Carol R , Kiptoo Peninah , Matelong Winnie , Mugo Richard , Naanyu Violet , Orango Vitalis , Pastakia Sonak D , Valente Thomas W , Hogan Joseph W , Vedanthan Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesManagement of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an urgent challenge in low-income and middle-income countries, and interventions may require appraisal of patients’ social networks to guide implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether egocentric social network characteristics (SNCs) of patients with chronic disease in western Kenya are associated with overall CVD risk and individual CVD risk factors.DesignCross-sectional analysis of enrollment data (2017–2018) from the Bridging Income Generation with GrouP Integrated Care trial. Non-overlapping trust-only, health advice-only and multiplex (trust and health advice) egocentric social networks were elicited for each participant, and SNCs representing social cohesion were calculated.Setting24 communities across four counties in western Kenya.ParticipantsParticipants (n=2890) were ≥35 years old with diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L) or hypertension.Primary and secondary outcomesWe hypothesised that SNCs would be associated with CVD risk status (QRISK3 score). Secondary outcomes were individual CVD risk factors.ResultsAmong the 2890 participants, 2020 (70%) were women, and mean (SD) age was 60.7 (12.1) years. Forty-four per cent of participants had elevated QRISK3 score (≥10%). No relationship was observed between QRISK3 level and SNCs. In unadjusted comparisons, participants with any individuals in their trust network were more likely to report a good than a poor diet (41% vs 21%). SNCs for the trust and multiplex networks accounted for a substantial fraction of variation in measures of dietary quality and physical activity (statistically significant via likelihood ratio test, adjusted for false discovery rate).ConclusionSNCs indicative of social cohesion appear to be associated with individual behavioural CVD risk factors, although not with overall CVD risk score. Understanding how SNCs of patients with chronic diseases relate to modifiable CVD risk factors could help inform network-based interventions.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02501746;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02501746.