bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the constitutional legal status of the federal territory of the District of Columbia, USA: constitutional legal risks
Authors: Tretyak I. A. 
Published: March 2022

The subject. The article analyzes seven stages of the evolution of the constitutional legal status of the first federal territory in history the District of Columbia, USA. In the course of this analysis, the author formulates the constitutional legal risks of the existence of federal territories in the state. From the standpoint of identifying constitutional legal risks, an amendment to Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the possibility of the formation of federal territories on the territory of Russia is also analyzed.The purpose of the paper is to identify constitutional legal risks in terms of the existence of federal territories using the example of the centuries-old struggle of the District of Columbia for autonomy.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and legal methods. In addition to this, historical method was also applicable.The main results and scope of their application. The author realized, that a certain constitutional risk exists when the federal territory is established as a special public-law entity, because the evolutionary process of the constitutional-legal status of the first federal territory, that was established in constitutional law – the District of Columbia in the United States of America, demonstrated such risk. The author describes seven different stages of the evolutionary process of the DC's constitutional legal status in its pass to autonomy and full political rights: (1) 1800–1870; (2) 1871 – June of 1874; (3) 20 of June 1874 – 1967; (4) 1967–1973; (5) 1973–1983; (6) September of 1983 – 2016; (7) since 2016 until now.According to these periods, since 1801, DC residents, bound by all obligations of American citizenship, want to be equal to the rest of America's citizens. The United States is the only democratic country in the world today that denies the right to vote for a representative of the capital in the Congress. The Statehood of Washington, DC will correct a long-standing historical injustice that is unique in its nature among all capitals in the world. The author also proposes to consider as a constitutional risk the possibility of negative consequences (legal damage) for the subjects of constitutional law due to the contention of constitutional values.In addition to this, the author concluded, that there is a risk that the Council of the Federal Territory “Sirius” will lose its representative character due to the absence of the established dependence of the number of elected Council members on the number of voters, as happened in the District of Columbia, where a fixed number of Council members (13) is also established, which cannot be changed by the district and which does not depend on the population living in its territory. It is also necessary to take into account the constitutional risk of the federal territory striving for autonomy within the federation, especially in the case of the formation of a local community on its territory.
The amendment of the legal regulation of the institution of tax incentative in the Russian Federation
Authors: Fedosimov B. A. 
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the institution of tax incentives, which is currently significant important for the development of the Russian state, that is objectively determined by the essence of tax incentives, which consists in intensifying the legal behavior of subjects of specific relations. Based on the analysis of the theoretical and legal foundations of tax benefits, the author developed a definition of tax incentives, highlighted its stages, analyzed the problems of legal regulation of the institution being considered, as well as legal means to increase the effectiveness of tax benefits.The purpose of the study. Analysis of legal regulation and practice of applying tax incentives in the Russian Federation, identifying existing problems, as well as formulating proposals of a theoretical and practical nature to improve the current tax legislation governing the institution of tax incentives in the Russian Federation. Research methods. The research was carried out through the use of a complex of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, logical method, system analysis, etc.) and private scientific (special legal) methods. The main research method was the formal legal method, which made it possible to identify gaps in the legal regulation of the process of tax incentives in Russia and to formulate proposals for supplementing and changing certain regulatory provisions of tax legislation.Main scientific results. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the institution of tax benefits in Russia, theoretical provisions were formulated and substantiated, revealing the specifics of the content and essence of tax incentives, taking into account the current state of development of the national and world economy.Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the importance of tax incentives for reforming the Russian system of taxes and fees in the context of developing the economic potential of business entities. The scientific research contains author's proposals for improving the current tax legislation in order to effectively use the institution of tax incentives in Russian practice. The obtained scientific results testify to the achievement of the set research goal.
‘Doctrine Of Doli Incapax’ (Crime Committed By Minor And Their Rehabilitation)
Authors: Ms. Ritu Malik  
Published: March 2022

In the present scenario, crime is increasing day by day in our society and it’s affected the upcoming generation and also affected the ideology of youth and especially of children aged between 7 to 16 years old. Further the term ‘doli incapx’ it’s a Latin language word also an obscure doctrine of ancient origin that provides a presumption that children over the age of criminal responsibility but under a certain age are incapable to commit a crime or offense, even an age category is defined under Indian penal Code in which a child up to the limit of age is incapable to commit any crime if done so then he will be exempted from the penalty for that crime committed by him and our Indian Penal law also further define a category of children which can commit a crime or has knowledge of criminal activity or having the capability to commit a crime that also known as ‘doli capax’ and there is also special category and procedure to tried that children under special law and they also kept under separate facility or observation during the trial and after the conviction.
I think it is hard to regard this ancient rule about the capacity of a child between ten and fourteen as altogether satisfactory or suited to modern conditions. Nevertheless, it is clearly the law and we have to enforce it.
‘No civilized society’, says Professor Colin Howard in his book entitled Criminal Law, 4th ed. (1982), p 343, ‘regards children as accountable for their actions to the same extent as adults’.’... The wisdom of protecting young children against the full rigor of criminal law is beyond argument. The difficulty lies in determining when and under what circumstances that protection should be removed.
An Analytical Study of Human Rights and Women
Authors: Dr. Anjuli Sharma  , Dr. Surya Sharma  
Published: March 2022

Human rights are those rights which a human being has only because he is humane. Man is considered to be the most intelligent creature of all the living beings on earth and is expected to live within the bounds of Morality and Law. According to the Law, rights cannot be discriminated on the basis of men and women. Women and children are the real capital of any country. Any country can progress only when there is proper development on women. They have the right to join the mainstream of the country. The preamble to the charter of the United Nations states that “We the people of the United Nations express our faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and importance and value of human beings and is the equal rights of man and women.” Along with this, the rights of equality of women have been declared in United Nations organisation charter.
This research paper highlights the present status of women in various countries including India and their on-going human rights violation.
Dissolution of Muslim Marriage in India: An Analytical Study
Authors: Shabnam Khan  , Dr. Seema Sharma  
Published: March 2022

The concept of marriage and divorce in Muslim law is based on ancient perspectives and a historical perspective among Muslims. Personal law, which contains the Quran (holy book of Muslims), Sunnat (traditions), Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical deductions). Quran is the most important source in Muslim Law. Marriage is seen as a civil contract in Muslim law. Nikah and muta marriages are two different types of Muslim marriages. Both the likely husband and wife must fulfill various significant conditions before entering into a Nikah marriage, such as the age of majority, the parties' permission, Mehr, and so on. Because Muslim marriage is a civil contract, one party makes an offer, which is accepted by the other. Divorce by husband, by wife, by mutual consent, and by judicial order are the four types of divorce in Muslim Law.
Ability of lactic acid bacteria to synthesis exopolysaccharides
Authors: Джакибаева Г.Т. , Тлеубекова Д.А. , Бердалиева А. , Баймаханова Г.Б. , Байдалинов А.И. 
Published: March 2022

Изучена способность коллекционных молочнокислых бактерий и молочнокислых бактерий, входящих в консорциум, используемый для получения кисломолочных продуктов, синтезировать экзополисахариды. Установлено, что из 15 испытанных культур четыре (Lactobacillus casei 139, Lactobacillus plantarum №2, Lactobacillus cellоbiosus №20, Lactococcus lactis №K-1) проявляют экзополисахаридную активность.
The ability of collection lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria included in the consortium used to obtain fermented milk products to synthesize exopolysaccharides has been studied. It was found that out of 15 tested cultures, four (Lactobacillus casei 139, Lactobacillus plantarum No. 2, Lactobacillus cellobiosus No. 20, Lactococcus lactis No. K-1) exhibit exopolysaccharide activity.
ÇOCUĞUN SANAL CİNSEL İSTİSMARI
Authors: CAN Neslihan 
Published: March 2022

Çocuğun sanal cinsel istismarı, internet ve özellikle sosyal medya araçlarının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte büyük bir probleme dönüşmektedir. Çocukların sanal cinsel istismar teşkil eden fiillerden korunması için pek çok ülkede bu fiiller için cezai yaptırım öngörülmekte iken bu fiiller Türk hukukunda münhasır bir suç tipi olarak değerlendirilmemektedir ve cinsel taciz veya müstehcenlik suçu bünyesinde ele alınmaktadır. Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda (TCK) cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı işlenen suçlarda davranışın bedensel temas içerip içermemesi, temel bir ölçüt olarak kabul edilmiştir. Haksızlığın ağırlığını belirlemedeki bu bedensel temas ölçütü, bugünün teknolojisi karşısında bazı hallerde yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Sanal ortamdaki davranışların bedensel temas içermeyen yapısı nedeniyle özellikle çocuklara yönelik sanal ortamda gerçekleştirilen davranışların hususi olarak ele alınması zorunludur. Bu konuda TCK’daki cinsel taciz (m 105) hükmü haksızlığın yoğunluğunu karşılayamamaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sanal ortamda çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarı hedefleyen birtakım davranışların mahiyetini tespit etmek, hangi aşamada faile yönelik ceza hukuku yoluyla müdahale edileceğini belirlemek ve Türk ceza hukukundaki olası kanun boşluklarına işaret etmektir. Zira çocuklara yönelik sanal ortamdaki cinsel dokunulmazlık ihlallerinde ceza hukuku, prima ratio karakteriyle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sosyal medya, oyun siteleri veya sair sanal platformlarda çocukla tanışılması ve çocuğun cinsel istismar edilmesine değin geçen manipülasyon süreci aşamalar halinde incelenmiştir. Ampirik çalışmalardan da yararlanarak belirli bir fail ve mağdur tipolojisinin mevcut olup olmadığı ele alınmıştır.
A case for preconceptual education programs for women: Integrative review
Authors: Keytash Azita , Jones Linda K. , Kimpton Amanda 
Published: March 2022

Exposure to environmental factors before conception or in the very early stage of the embryonic period, can cause permanent changes in an individual life that can result in the development of chronic illness later in life or be transferred to progeny and hence future generations. Diverse effects of poor diet, alcohol, tobacco consumption, infectious diseases, obesity, anxiety, and depression in pregnancy and fetal origin of adult diseases all are well documented and known. Many of these are preventable or can be modified or treated. The general provision of prepregnancy interventions, however, are neglected by current health system policy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 50% of pregnancies worldwide are unintentional. The consequences of this is that embryo exposure to the teratogens can occur weeks before the pregnancy has been detected. Most women modify their risky behavior, such as smoking cessation, reducing alcohol consumption and even alter their lifestyle to a healthier one, such as consuming folic acid and multivitamins, when they learn about their pregnancy, typically around 8-10 weeks of gestational age. By this time, however, women have missed the opportunity of providing a healthy uterine environment for their fetus through the critical stage of the embryonic period. Preconception care is a relatively new concept and provides a unique opportunity to improve maternal health and pregnancy outcomes before pregnancy, through pregnancy, and after birth. Despite the general acknowledgment of the potential valuable impact of preconception care, there are various impediments to implementation of preconception care as part of routine practice in the health system.
Mixed reality medical simulator for coronary angioplasty
Authors: Ипалакова М.Т. , Цой Д.Д. , Дайнеко Е.А. 
Published: March 2022

Разработкатренажеров в форме программного обеспечения для использования в медицинском образовании является новым трендом. Это обусловлено тем, что виртуальный тре-нажер дешевле, безопаснее и по сравнению со специализированными устройствами более гибкий и функциональный. В данной статье представлен виртуальный тренажер, позволяющий проводить процедуру ко-ронарной ангиопластики, с использованием технологии смешанной реальности в форме взаимодей-ствия пользователя и приложения через контроллер LeapMotion. Проект разработан на базе игро-вого движка Unity, код написан на языке C.
The development of simulators in the form of software for use in medical education is a new trend. This is due to the fact that the virtual simulator is cheaper, safer and more flexible and functional compared to specialized devices.This article presents a virtual simulator that allows you to perform coronary angioplasty using mixed reality technology in the form of user-application interaction through the Leap Motion con-troller. The project was developed based on the Unity game engine, the code is written in C
МАШИНА ЖАСАУ ӚНДІРІСІНДЕГІ ҚҦРЫЛҒЫЛАРДЫҢ ТОРАПТАРЫН ЖОБАЛАУДЫ АВТОМАТТАНДЫРУ ЖҤЙЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Хасенова Г.И. , Майлыбаев Е.Қ. , Умбетов У.У. , Исайкин Д.В. 
Published: March 2022

Эта статья посвящена анализу структуры устройств с помощью программ для производства транспортных средств. Для повышения качества необходимо оптимизиро-вать основные параметры продукта. Использование полезной и недорогой программной платформы является важным и современным трендом. При проектировании устройства ин-тегрированные программы позволяют создавать новые модули. Проведен обзор программ для анализа основных элементовотдельных частей конструкции устройства современных систем управления. В этой статье продемонстрирована идея реализации проектирования с помощью программы TraceMode. В продукте TraceModeпоказано, что существуют модули для проектирования и исследованияновых качественных элементов.
Бұл мақала құрылғылар құрылымын көлік жасау өндірісінде қолданылатын прог-раммалар арқылы талдау жасауға арналған. Сапаны арттыру үшін өнімнің негізгі параметрлерін оңтайландыру қажет. Пайдалы және өте қымбат емес бағдарламалық платформаны пайдалану маңызды және қазіргі заманғы тренд болып табылады. Құрылғыны жобалау кезінде интеграл-данатын бағдарламалар жаңа модульдер құруға мүмкіндік береді. Қазіргі заманғы басқару жүйе-лерінің құрылғы конструкциясының жеке бөліктерінің негізгі элементтерін талдау үшін бағдар-ламаларға шолу жасалды. Жобалауды Trace Mode бағдарламасы арқылы жүзеге асыру идеясы көрсетілді. Trace Mode өнімінде жаңа сапалы элементтерді жобалау және зерттеуге арналған модульдер бар екендігі көрсетілді.
Актуальность кибербезопасности в современном мире
Authors: Mubarakova S.R. , Amanzholova S.T. , UskenbayevaR K. 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses one of the most pressing issues of today: relevance of cybersecurity in the modern world. It presents the main facts about cybersecurity, the concept and historical aspect of the development of cybersecurity and analyzes the current state of cybersecurity in Kazakhstan. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it clearly highlights the role of cybersecurity and its relevance for modern society. In this connection, the article provides up-to-date data on cyberattacks and cybersecurity of our time.
В данной статье рассматривается один из наиболее актуальных вопросов сегодняшнего дня: актуальность кибербезопасности в современном мире. В статье рассматриваются основные факты о кибербезопасности. Также были рассмотрены концепция и исторический аспект развития кибербезопасности. После этого было проанализировано текущее состояние кибербезопасности в Казахстане. Актуальность данной статьи заключается в том, что она предоставляет четкую информацию о кибербезопасности для современного общества. Основной целью статьи является анализ актуальности кибербезопасности в современном мире. В связи с этим в статье вы можете ознакомиться с актуальными данными о кибератаках и кибербезопасности нашего времени.
Новый инструмент для обнаружения взлома Wi-Fi на основе технологии блокчейн
Authors: Razaque A. , Adil A.Zh. , Amanzholova S.T. , Valiyev B.B. 
Published: March 2022

Wi-Fi plays an important role in promoting several application domains such as business, education, industry, etc. On the other hand, if not handled properly, vulnerabilities of Wi-Fi cause damage to the privacy and confidentiality of the users. Some of the hackers use the Linux tool to exploit the vulnerability of Wi-Fi that allows of the hacking process. In this paper, we introduce a Blockchain Technology-Featured Novel Air-Cracking (BTFAT) method to detect the Linux tool for Wi-Fi security improvement. The proposed BTFAT consists of valuable features (e.g., monitoring, scanning, cracking, and testing) which help detect the Linux tool. The BTFAT is programmed on the C platform. Based on the experimental results, the BTFAT produces higher performance as compared to other existing methods.
Wi-Fi играет важную роль во многих областях, таких как бизнес, образование, промышленность и т. д. С другой стороны, уязвимости Wi-Fi наносят ущерб конфиденциальности данных пользователей, если уязвимости не обрабатываются должным образом. Некоторые хакеры используют инструмент Linux для использования уязвимости Wi-Fi, которая приводит к процессу взлома. В этой статье представлен новый инструмент Blockchain Technology-Featured Novel Air-Cracking tool (BTFAT) для улучшения безопасности сети Wi-Fi. Инструмент состоит из ценных функций (например, мониторинг, сканирование, взлом и тестирование). Эти функции помогают обнаружить уязвимости сети, запрограммирован на языке C. Основываясь на результатах эксперимента, BTFAT обеспечивает более высокую производительность по сравнению с другими существующими методами.
Properties of real business processes from a design point of view
Authors: Элле В.Ж. , Мелисова Л.Т. , Куандыков А.А. , Куатбаева А.А. , Аманбайқызы З. 
Published: March 2022

В статье дается свое определение бизнес-процесса, которое адекватно соответствует для решения преследуемой исходной задачи.Описаны этапы проектирования начальной стадии процесса проектирования номинального процесса. Развитие работы сводится к рассмотрению концепций и методов управления бизнес-процессом при всех производственных ситуациях, связанных с возникновением инцидентов и проблемности.В данной работе такие термины как «процесс» бизнеса, «процесс для бизнеса», «процесс бизнеса», «бизнес-процесс» считается, что несет одинаковый смысл, одинаковое понятие. Поэтому все эти термины заменены одним термином «бизнес-процесс».
The article gives its own definition of the business process, which assists in the solution of the initial task set and describes the design of the initial stage of the nominal design process. The research work focuses on consideration of the concepts and methods of business process management in all production situations associated with the occurrence of incidents and problems.In this work, such term as "process" of business, "process for business", "business process" are considered to have the same meaning, the same concept. Therefore, all of these terms have been replaced by a single term "business process".
Sistem Informasi Kursus Dan Sewa Lapangan Bulutangkis Pada Di Gor Griya Tahfizh Berbasis Dekstop
Authors: Hafid Abdul , Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: March 2022

Data processing for Gor Griya Tahfizh which has a lot of data including field rental, student data, customer data, honor payment data and course payment data that must be done carefully and carefully. With the many gaps and shortcomings when archiving and accessing these data caused by ineffective ways of managing data and also the insecurity of storage so that it can cause losses for owners, it is considered necessary to create a desktop-based information system application that can overcome the problem.This system is expected to be able to facilitate, speed up, and reduce errors in data input and can also present field rental data reports quickly and accurately . The use of this application can also be safer in archiving data because it is stored on the database so that it can reduce losses for owners. The app can process field rental data and badminton courses quickly, accurately and securely. Data search and presentation of reports can also be done quickly and easily, making it easier for store owners to conduct supervision in various transactions.
Perancangan E-Commerce Toko Haransaf Exlusive Syar’i Berbasis Website
Authors: Adesti Ayu Adesti Auliya , Ranuharja Fadli 
Published: March 2022

Toko Haransaf Exlusive Syar’i merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang pakaian. Berolakasi di Jalan Bonjo Baru Barumbuang V Kota Bukittinggi.. Dalam penjualan produk toko haransaf, masih menggunakan sistem yang manual sehingga pemilik toko mengalami kesulitan dalam mengelola penjualan produk kepada pelanggan. Tujuan dari e-commerce ini adalah untuk memberikan kemudahan bagi toko haransaf exlusive syar’i dalam transaksi jual beli di toko tersebut. Model yang digunakan dalam pengembangan yaitu model 4D, yang memiliki empat tahapan yaitu : Define, Design, Develop dan Disseminate. E-commerce ini berbasis website yang menggunakan Framework Codeigniter 3, dan berfungsi dengan baik serta menghasilkan efektivitas dalam proses transakasi jual beli di haransaf exlusive syar’i
Review: Timothy Howe – E. Edward Gavrin – Graham Wrightson (eds.): Greece, Macedon and Persia. Studies in Social, Political and Military History in Honor of Waldemar Heckel. Oxford, Oxbow Books, 2015, 214 pp. [ISBN: 978-17-829792-3-4].
Authors: Pachón Miguel 
Published: March 2022

Review of Timothy Howe – E. Edward Gavrin – Graham Wrightson (eds.): Greece, Macedon and Persia. Studies in Social, Political and Military History in Honor of Waldemar Heckel. Oxford, Oxbow Books, 2015, 214 pp. [ISBN: 978-17-829792-3-4].