bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of occupational tuberculosis risk in healthcare workers
Authors: Zein Rizqy Amelia , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Ridlo Ilham Akhsanu , Hendriani Wiwin , Suhariadi Fendy , Rianto Anang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains to be one of the most common causes of morbidity worldwide, but the discourse of its prevention has disproportionately singled out the occupational risks that affect healthcare workers. In this research, we aimed to: (1) investigate the underlying factor structure of Risk Characteristics (RC), specifically the risk of nosocomial TB transmission in health care facilities; (2) estimate the effects of work‐related determinants and RC on risk perception; and (3) compare occupational risk perception of contracting TB with expert risk assessment.MethodA paper‐based questionnaire was administered to 179 health care workers (HCWs) working at 10 public health centres and two hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia. We analysed our data using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to unravel the latent structure of RC and structural equation modelling (SEM) to identify determinants of risk perceptions.ResultsEFA revealed a two‐factor solution for nine qualitative RC: controllability of damage and knowledge‐evoked dread. Our SEM analysis found evidence that the controllability aspect of the TB risk was a more profound determinant in predicting risk perception than knowledge‐evoked dread, implying that HCWs might benefit from training aims to increase their beliefs on the controllability of TB risk despite its severity.ConclusionAlthough further research is necessary, our study highlights the importance of addressing occupational risk perceptions in health facilities, encouraging HCWs to become more active in advocating for the necessary allocation of resources for their workplaces, and raising communities' awareness of TB transmissions.
Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: An autopsy case
Authors: Iijima Heisuke , Murata Hiroaki , Oishi Shinnosuke , Kubota Yusuke , Sakamoto Akihiko , Tanabe Kuniaki , Sugiyama Kazutaka , Matsumoto Akihiko , Kuriki Ken , Kume Haruki 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionSignet‐ring cell carcinoma is an extremely rare histological variant of upper urinary tract carcinoma, associated with poor prognosis.Case presentationWe report a case of a 75‐year‐old female diagnosed with left primary upper urinary tract signet‐ring cell carcinoma, initially treated with surgery. Post‐surgical development of multifocal metastases was followed by a devastating clinical course. An autopsy confirmed the tumor's primary origin in the upper urinary tract.ConclusionWe experienced a case of upper urinary tract signet‐ring cell carcinoma, with a rare opportunity to thoroughly confirm its primary site with an autopsy.
Mowing frequency and performance of genetically modified St. Augustinegrass and standard commercial cultivars
Authors: Buhlman Jamie L. , Freshour Samuel L. , Harriman Robert W. , Koch Matthew J. , Unruh Joseph B. , van Santen Edzard , Williams Karen E. , Yurisic Cory A. , Kenworthy Kevin E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMowing is a key input when maintaining a turfgrass lawn but has an environmental impact and represents a repetitive expense. In an effort to reduce canopy growth rate and to improve weed control, genetically modified St. Augustinegrasses [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] derived from the cultivar ‘Floratam’ are now in production and characterized by reduced levels of t gibberellic acid by insertion of the spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) gibberellic acid 2‐oxidase gene and glyphosate tolerance due to the insertion of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The objective of this study was to determine if eight genetically modified St. Augustinegrass entries required less frequent mowing than two standard commercial cultivars, Floratam and ‘615866’ (Seville™), while maintaining turfgrass quality (TQ) comparable to the standards. This study was planted in 2017 as a randomized complete block design at two Florida locations. Mowing frequency, TQ, density, and color were recorded from 2018 to 2019. Gray leaf spot severity was rated when present. Overall, the genetically modified St. Augustinegrass entries required less frequent mowing than standard cultivars, with PV‐A and PV‐B requiring less frequent mowing than Floratam across all seasons at both locations. Of these two, PV‐A showed TQ comparable to Floratam at Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center for the entirety of the trial, and at Plant Science Research and Education Unit for 7/10 seasons. For end‐users, the availability of a high performing turfgrass with reduced mowing requirements can lead to a decreased maintenance cost and a reduced environmental impact.
A review of a novel enzyme system for the management of thatch and soil water repellency in turfgrass
Authors: Sidhu Sudeep , Huang Qingguo Jack , Carrow Robert N. , Jesperson David , Liu Jiayang , Raymer Paul L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManaging soil organic matter is a crucial component of greenkeeping and turfgrass maintenance. Organic matter accumulation as thatch is a major problem in modern turfgrass management. Additionally, soil water repellency (SWR) caused by hydrophobic organic coatings on sand particles can create serious soil water infiltration and potential runoff problems and contribute to a reduction in turf quality and playability. Lignin is a major component of thatch and acts as protective matrix limiting microbial degradation of cellulose and hemi‐celluloses. This article reviews lignin structure and its unique oxidation mechanism that makes it suitable for use in turfgrass systems and the research progress to develop laccase as a tool to manage thatch layer and SWR. A series of experiments explored the potential for direct application of fungal produced enzymes to degrade lignin, speed thatch degradation, and thereby reduce thatch accumulation. Greenhouse studies provided proof of concept and confirmed laccase impact on physical and chemical properties of thatch. Field studies verified the effectiveness of laccase application on different turfgrass species and optimized application rates and frequency. The reduction in thatch layer thickness by laccase treatments was similar to reductions achieved by cultural management and greater reductions occurred when applied in combination with cultural management. The use of laccase and other enzymes to ameliorate SWR was verified by a series of laboratory and field studies. Single applications of laccase were effective in reducing SWR but not as effective as wetting agents. Enzyme applications combined with a wetting agent to provide maximum relief of SWR. Application of laccase in combination with core‐aeration and sand topdressing could reduce the number of mechanical cultivations necessary to keep thatch layers at desired levels and reduce the potential for SWR. Laccase could provide a nondisruptive organic approach to manage thatch and SWR on highly managed turfgrass.
Use of clinical pharmacy services by American Indians and Alaska Native adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: O'Connell Joan , Grau Laura , Manson Spero M. , Bott Anne Marie , Sheffer Kyle , Steers Randy , Jiang Luohua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health programs provide clinical pharmacy services to improve health outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectivesThe study's primary objective was to describe characteristics, including social determinants of health (SDOH), associated with clinical pharmacy utilization by AI/ANs with CVD who accessed IHS/Tribal services. A secondary objective assessed changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) associated with such utilization.MethodsAnalysis included IHS data for 9844 adults aged 18 and older with CVD who lived in 5 locations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, health status, SDOH) associated with clinical pharmacy utilization in fiscal year (FY) 2012. A propensity score model was employed to estimate the association of elevated SBP in FY2013 with FY2012 clinical pharmacy utilization.ResultsNearly 15% of adults with CVD used clinical pharmacy services. Among adults with CVD, the odds of clinical pharmacy use were higher among adults diagnosed with congestive heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% CI:1.01‐1.47), other types of heart disease not including ischemia (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.18‐1.65), and vascular disease (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.46), compared to adults without these conditions. Diabetes (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 3.29‐5.00) and anticoagulation medication use (OR = 20.88, 95% CI: 16.76‐20.61) were associated with substantially higher odds of clinical pharmacy utilization. Medicaid coverage (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56‐0.93) and longer travel times to services (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83‐0.92) were each associated with lower odds. FY2012 clinical pharmacy users had lower odds of elevated SBP (OR = 0.71 95% CI: 0.58‐0.87) in FY2013 than nonusers.ConclusionIn addition to health status, SDOH (eg, Medicaid coverage, longer travel times) influenced clinical pharmacy utilization. Understanding characteristics associated with clinical pharmacy utilization may assist IHS/Tribal health programs in efforts to support optimization of these services.
Evaluating the effect of graphene oxide PEGylation on the properties of chitosan‐graphene oxide nanocomposite scaffold
Authors: Bakhtkhosh Hagh Haleh , Unsworth Larry D. , Olad Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to understand the effect of PEGlayted GO on properties of chitosan‐based nanocomposite scaffold. GO was synthesized according to modified Hummer's method and covalently linked to polymeric chains of PEG to produce polyethylene glycolated GO (PGO). Successful preparation of GO and PGO was confirmed by FT‐IR and Raman techniques, where the chemical bonding of PEG and GO nanosheets were concluded based on PGOs' lower zeta potential compared to GO. Nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared by adding equal amounts of GO and PGO into 2% (w/v) chitosan (Cs) solutions. The highly porous scaffolds were developed by lyophilization of solutions. Incorporation of GO and PGO into chitosan scaffold network resulted in uniform and spherical pores. Modified samples offered higher porosity and density, indicating adequate scaffold structure. Improvements in the physical properties of prepared chitosan scaffolds were concluded through higher water absorption and retention values. Compressive strength measurement showed 6.33 and 5.5 times improvement respectively for Cs‐GO and Cs‐PGO samples compared to Cs scaffold. The Cs‐GO scaffolds showed minimum susceptibility toward enzymatic degradation and higher degrees of protein adsorption (26% and 23% improvement in value of adsorbed protein respectively for Cs‐GO and Cs‐PGO compared to Cs scaffold) and biomineral formation on scaffold surface. Also, Cs‐PGO sample showed the highest degree of cell viability and lower hemolysis than both Cs and Cs‐GO scaffolds. Investigations showed that cell infiltration into scaffold porous structure was more prominent in Cs‐PGO scaffolds than in Cs and Cs‐GO scaffolds.
Aha over Haha: Brands benefit more from being clever than from being funny
Authors: Howe Holly S. , Zhou Lingrui , Dias Rodrigo S. , Fitzsimons Gavan J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examine whether the cleverness of a brand's humor attempt affects consumers' brand attitudes and engagement. A clever humor attempt is any humor attempt wherein the consumer feels she must make mental connections to solve the joke (e.g., understand a cultural reference, understand the dual meaning of a pun). Across five studies, we demonstrate that as the cleverness of a humor attempt increases, consumers report higher brand attitudes and are more engaged with the brand. This effect is mediated by perceptions of brand warmth and competence and moderated by consumers' need for cognition.
Predictors and consequences of HIV status disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Edun Olanrewaju , Shenderovich Yulia , Zhou Siyanai , Toska Elona , Okell Lucy , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Cluver Lucie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends full disclosure of HIV‐positive status to adolescents who acquired HIV perinatally (APHIV) by age 12. However, even among adolescents (aged 10–19) already on antiretroviral therapy (ART), disclosure rates are low. Caregivers often report the child being too young and fear of disclosure worsening adolescents’ mental health as reasons for non‐disclosure. We aimed to identify the predictors of disclosure and the association of disclosure with adherence, viral suppression and mental health outcomes among adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsAnalyses included three rounds (2014–2018) of data collected among a closed cohort of adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa. We used logistic regression with respondent random‐effects to identify factors associated with disclosure, and assess differences in ART adherence, viral suppression and mental health symptoms between adolescents by disclosure status. We also explored differences in the change in mental health symptoms and adherence between study rounds and disclosure groups with logistic regression.ResultsEight hundred and thirteen APHIV were interviewed at baseline, of whom 769 (94.6%) and 729 (89.7%) were interviewed at the second and third rounds, respectively. The proportion aware of their HIV‐positive status increased from 63.1% at the first round to 85.5% by the third round. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.27; 1.08–1.48) and living in an urban location (aOR: 2.85; 1.72–4.73) were associated with disclosure between interviews. There was no association between awareness of HIV‐positive status and ART adherence, viral suppression or mental health symptoms among all APHIV interviewed. However, among APHIV not aware of their status at baseline, adherence decreased at the second round among those who were disclosed to (N = 131) and increased among those not disclosed to (N = 151) (interaction aOR: 0.39; 0.19–0.80). There was no significant difference in the change in mental health symptoms between study rounds and disclosure groups.ConclusionsAwareness of HIV‐positive status was not associated with higher rates of mental health symptoms, or lower rates of viral suppression among adolescents. Disclosure was not associated with worse mental health. These findings support the recommendation for timely disclosure to APHIV; however, adherence support post‐disclosure is important.
Impact of exclusive enteral nutrition on the gut microbiome of children with medical complexity
Authors: Beauchamp‐Walters Julia , Aleti Gajender , Herrera Lourdes , Debelius Justine , Lima Natalie , Dalal Pritha , Hong Suzi , Knight Rob , Rhee Kyung E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) often require enteral tube feedings to meet their nutrition needs. Many, however, experience symptoms of feeding intolerance, such as vomiting and pain. The goal of this analysis was to examine the relationship between diet and the gut microbiome, controlling for medications, among CMC receiving enteral tube feedings, CMC consuming oral nutrition, and healthy controls. Given the variety of available commercial formula preparations, we were also interested in examining the impact of different formula types on the CMC microbiome.MethodsFecal samples from 91 children (57 CMC and 34 healthy controls) were collected and analyzed. Parents completed clinical and dietary questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing was completed using the QIIME2 pipeline.ResultsA significant decrease in alpha diversity among CMC receiving exclusive enteral nutrition (CMC EEN) compared with healthy controls (Shannon P = 0.006 and Faith's phylogenetic distance P = 0.006) was found that was not observed between CMC receiving oral nutrition and healthy controls. Significant differences in beta diversity were also observed between CMC EEN and healthy controls, with CMC EEN having a greater relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and obligate anaerobes. Differences were also noted between CMC EEN and CMC receiving oral nutrition (Aitchison distance P = 0.001); however, no differences were observed between CMC receiving oral nutrition and healthy controls.ConclusionDespite similarities in medication profiles, CMC EEN have decreased alpha diversity and differences in beta diversity compared with healthy controls not observed in CMC receiving oral nutrition, highlighting the impact of diet over medications.
Energy expenditure in COVID‐19 mechanically ventilated patients: A comparison of three methods of energy estimation
Authors: Saseedharan Sanjith , Chada Radha Reddy , Kadam Vaijayanti , Chiluka Annapurna , Nagalla Balakrishna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring resting energy expenditure. Energy expenditure (EE) estimated by ventilator‐derived carbon dioxide consumption (EEVCO2) has also been proposed. In the absence of IC, predictive weight‐based equations have been recommended to estimate daily energy requirements. This study aims to compare simple predictive weight‐based equations with those estimated by EEVCO2 and IC in mechanically ventilated patients of COVID‐19.MethodsRetrospective study of a cohort of critically ill adult patients with COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation and artificial nutrition to compare energy estimations by three methods through the calculation of bias and precision agreement, reliability, and accuracy rates.ResultsIn 58 mechanically ventilated patients, a total of 117 paired measurements were obtained. The mean estimated energy derived from weight‐based calculations was 2576 ± 469 kcal/24 h, as compared with 1507 ± 499 kcal/24 h when EE was estimated by IC, resulting in a significant bias of 1069 kcal/day (95% CI [−2158 to 18.7 kcal]; P < 0.001). Similarly, estimated mean EEVCO2 was 1388 ± 467 kcal/24 h when compared with estimation of EE from IC. A significant bias of only 118 kcal/day (95% CI [−187 to 422 kcal]; P < 0.001), compared by the Bland‐Altman plot, was noted.ConclusionThe energy estimated with EEVCO2 correlated better with IC values than energy derived from weight‐based calculations. Our data suggest that the use of simple predictive equations may potentially lead to overfeeding in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19.
Determination of trace organic chlorides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles by gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Li Changxiu , Wang Yamin , Zhang Yiwei , Xu Guangtong 
Published: May 2022

A method for the determination of organic chlorides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles by gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry was established. Organic chlorides were separated by a non‐polar gas chromatography column and detected in the negative ion mode of the ion mobility spectrometer. The effect of operating parameters of ion mobility spectrometer including drift gas flow rate and drift tube temperature on sensitivity and resolution were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of seven organic chlorides were from 0.65 to 6.73 nmol/mol, which met the requirement of detection for the specification limit of 50 nmol/mol of total halogen impurities in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. Compared with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector under the same gas chromatography conditions, gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry method demonstrated higher sensitivity for detection of organic chlorides under study. Based on the portability of the device and its detection capabilities, gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry has the potential to perform online detection of impurities in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles.
Construction of self‐adjoint differential operators with prescribed spectral properties
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Khrabustovskyi Andrii 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this expository article some spectral properties of self‐adjoint differential operators are investigated. The main objective is to illustrate and (partly) review how one can construct domains or potentials such that the essential or discrete spectrum of a Schrödinger operator of a certain type (e.g. the Neumann Laplacian) coincides with a predefined subset of the real line. Another aim is to emphasize that the spectrum of a differential operator on a bounded domain or bounded interval is not necessarily discrete, that is, eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity, continuous spectrum, and eigenvalues embedded in the continuous spectrum may be present. This unusual spectral effect is, very roughly speaking, caused by (at least) one of the following three reasons: The bounded domain has a rough boundary, the potential is singular, or the boundary condition is nonstandard. In three separate explicit constructions we demonstrate how each of these possibilities leads to a Schrödinger operator with prescribed essential spectrum.
Consistency re‐evaluation in analytic hierarchy process based on simulated consistent matrices
Authors: Bose Amarnath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new approach to re‐evaluating consistency in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) using simulated consistent matrices is presented. The proposed consistency evaluation method makes use of statistically significant deviations from the average consistency measure for the simulated matrices. This addresses most of the deficiencies of the conventional consistency ratio (CR) method. A pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) is adjudged inconsistent by the proposed method if its consistency measure exceeds the modeled consistency threshold. Comparison of the consistency evaluation for simulated nearly‐consistent matrices using the proposed method shows a statistically significant reduction of the order‐specific bias in comparison with the CR method. The proportion of nearly consistent matrices which are evaluated as ‘inconsistent’ increases more than three‐folds when the evaluation is done using the CR method. Several examples are presented which illustrate the advantages of the proposed method and differences in classification with the CR approach. Evaluation of consistency using the proposed method of statistically derived thresholds from simulated, nearly consistent matrices is more nuanced and objective, as well as intuitive in its interpretability.