bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human-elephant conflict: mapping the elephant area and the level of conflict vulnerability in the Mila Landscape, Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawaty R , Abdullah A , Khairil K , Syafrianti D , Daud A M , Zulfikar Z 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Elephants are designated as endangered animals because their population in the wild continues to decline. One of the causes of its extinction is the threat of conflict between elephants and humans. The conflict between Sumatran elephants and humans in Aceh continues to increase every year, but there is no resolution to this conflict. This study was aimed to analyse the level of risk of elephant-human conflict in the Mila area and map the conflict areas. The method used was the observation method with the purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed using the disaster risk formula. The results of the analysis of the risk level of elephant-human conflict in Mila District showed that the high-risk level was in Tuha Lala Village (35.24%), Babah Jurong Village (35.22%) and Kumbang Village (35.04%). The level of risk was moderate in Krueng Lala Village (27.64%), Andeue Mosque Village (30.38%) and Dayah Andeue Village (33.38%). Meanwhile, areas with a low-risk level were Kulu Village (21.65%) and Dayah Sinthop Village (20.32%). The mapping of conflict risk areas was coloured red for high risk, yellow for medium risk and green for low risk. The conclusion in this study is that Tula Lala Village, Babah Jurong Village and Kumbang Village are areas with high conflict marked in red. Krueng Lala Village, Andeu Mosque Village and Andeue Dayah Village are areas with moderate conflict which are marked in yellow. Meanwhile, Kulu Village and Dayah Sinthop Village are areas with low conflict marked in green.
Evaluation of consumer acceptance and nutritional value from opak crackers with the addition of triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
Authors: Sufiat S , Indani  , Azmi U , Safrida S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) is one of the fish types which can be used inopakcrackers for the additional nutrition. This research aims to determine (1) the consumer acceptability and (2) the nutritional value of the triggerfishopakcrackers. The method used in this study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design with two treatments and three repetitions. The experiment using 3 levels of triggerfish addition; 0%, 20%, and 40% respectively. The result of experiments that have been conducted on 30 respondents who are the students at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education by using 5 levels of hedonic scale shows that theopakcrackers with the addition of triggerfish is the most preferable and the experiment proves that the nutritional level increased as well. The result of the acceptance showed that almost all consumers likeopakCrackers in the (AI) treatment with the addition of 20% triggerfish because it had triggerfish characteristics such as aroma, crunchy texture, and the taste. However, when it comes for the color, respondents preferred the A0 formula, which is the crackers without the addition of triggerfish. The proximate test result reveals that the triggerfishopakcrackers contains 83.32% carbohydrate, 8.42% protein, 1.99% fat, 0.47% ash, and 3% water.
Experimental research concerning the possibility of the cow manure conversion into biogas
Authors: Halmaciu I A , Ionel I , Vetres I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cow manure has been used since ancient times as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. Being rich in micronutrients, especially zinc, it is suitable to be used for all types of crops. The increase in the number of inhabitants generated the need for a larger amount of food and associated ever growing need of energy supply. Thus, an increase in the number of farms and cultivated agricultural areas was necessary, as well ever-growing secure energy sources. The strict laws on waste management, on reduction of greenhouse gases emission and in general addressing the decrease of the manmade pollution are some of the reasons that have led to the developing and application of alternative energy solutions. This paper aims to shed light on another much more beneficial feature of cow dung through its modern use, by production of biogas through anaerobic digestion. The experimental work is performed on an ultra-modern laboratory installation, capable to generate in 6 separate digesters of the biogas, according todivers receipts. In order to create a favourable environment for the growth of bacteria, the digestate was kept at a temperature of 37° C, thus creating mesophilic conditions. Throughout the experiment the pH value was monitored and recorded, as well the amount of generated methane.
Water aeration researches using fine air bubble generators
Authors: Sima Nicolae Vlad , BĂran Nicolae , Albu Nicoleta Dorina , PetroȘel Mihaela , Constantin Mihaela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents experimental researches able to demonstrate that the aeration installations with mobile fine bubble generators are more efficient than the classic ones with fixed, fine bubble generators. The paper develops water aeration researches by introducing two types of fine air bubble generators:
I. Fixed fine air bubble generators, which generate Ø <1 mm bubbles;
II. Mobile fine air bubble generators that move in the volume of water subject to aeration.
The theoretical and experimental results are presented for the two versions. According to experimental data, aeration with mobile FBG is more efficient in terms of oxygen transfer from atmospheric air to a stationary water mass.
Optimization of a Suspension of a Micromechanical Accelerometer in an Angular Velocity Measurement Unit
Authors: Iznairov I A , Efremov M V , Barulina M A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Optimization of the suspension of the micromechanical accelerometer, which is a part of an angular velocity measurement unit, was considered. This problem was faced because of the need to improve the design of the existing device to meet new technical requirements. Shock loads up to 1 000 g exceed ultimate loads for micromechanical accelerometers by several orders of magnitude. During the study, it turned out that the measurement unit shell works as a resonator, so the shock loads on the micromechanical accelerometer can even exceed 1 000g. In this case, suspensions of the micromechanical accelerometer are deformed in the plane of the accelerometer, which causes their destruction. The solution to this problem was hampered by the strict limits on the overall dimensions of the device. The existing shock dampers that could absorb such shock loads simply did not fit into the attachment points. Therefore, an original spring was designed and manufactured for this purpose. At the final stage, an additional system of passive heat outlets from the accelerometer to the device shell was designed and installed.
Experimental Study of Nuclear Gyro Bias Compensation Using the Quality Factor Estimation
Authors: Chalkov V.V. , Shevchenko A.N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The possibility for bias compensation of nuclear gyro using the quality factor estimation is shown. The corresponding method is described. A description of its application for a nuclear gyroscope in the angle sensor mode is given. The results of experiments confirming the effectiveness of the presented method of nuclear gyro signal refinement are presented.
Mechanical response of aluminum foam sandwich structure under impact load
Authors: Lu Wenke , Zhang Junyan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical response of aluminum foam sandwich panels, sandwich cylindrical shells, and sandwich shallow shells under impact loads. First, a finite element model of the sandwich panel was established, and an impact load was applied. The numerical results were compared with theoretical and experimental results to verify the model’s effectiveness. Second, the energy absorption efficiency and overall deformation of sandwich panels, sandwich cylindrical shells, and sandwich shallow shells under the same impact load were studied. The research shows that the energy absorption performance of the sandwich shells is better than that of the sandwich panels, and the overall deformation is less than that of the sandwich panels. The effect of increasing panel thickness on the two types of sandwich shell studies is based on this basis. The conclusions describe that increasing the panel thickness will significantly reduce the structure’s energy absorption efficiency and deformation. Finally, the effect of single-and double-layer structure on the impact resistance of sandwich shells was studied when the total thickness of the sandwich structure was unchanged. The results show that compared with the single-layer structure, the energy absorption efficiency, overall deformation, and contact force between the projectile and structure of the double-layer structure will be reduced.
Awareness and product knowledge of service stakeholders involved in the importation and distribution of HCFC-22 in Botswana
Authors: Kudoma Bongayi , Tekere Memory 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmental problems such as global warming, ozone depletion and climate change remain universal subjects of concern, with baneful effects on both the environment and human health. The consumption and venting of ozone depleting substances (ODS) into the atmosphere are the chief anthropogenic cause of ozone depletion. One such manmade ODS with high global warming potential Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). The MP targeted to phase-out HCFC-22 with obligatory cut-off timelines for its use by 2040 for developing nations. To comply with the HCFC-22 phase-out timelines, meant at embarking on national communications to disseminate information on HCFC-22 phase-out through key stakeholders’ involvement. The achievement of HCFC-22 phase-out strategy depends on participation of key stakeholders in the implementation process. the level of awareness and product knowledge of service stakeholders in the importation and distribution of HCFC-22 in Botswana. customs officers, officers and industrial consumers. Questionnaires and interviews were used to solicit key stakeholders’ views, opinions and perceptions on HCFC-22 phase-out awareness and product knowledge. Results revealed that 87% of the stakeholders are learned and knowledgeable in ODS related service provision. The level of HCFC-22 knowledge and awareness among stakeholders is moderate with distinguished inter-group differences. In particular, industrial consumers had the highest median level of HCFC-22 awareness than other stakeholders, indicating gaps in HCFC-22 phase-out awareness raising and training. About 67% of respondents had low levels of awareness of the HPMP and alternative technologies to HCFC-22. This proposes gaps in information dissemination to key stakeholders and this remains a crucial disparity between the country’s HPMP success lead and lag indicators. There is need to carefully select communication media used in line with the media consumption habits of target markets. Use of popular and commonly accessed social-media platforms would ensure that the HCFC-22 phase-out messages have high chance of reaching targeted stakeholders and the general population.
Dispersion size-consistency
Authors: Nguyen Brian D , Hernandez Devin J , Flores Emmanuel V , Furche Filipp 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A multivariate adiabatic connection (MAC) framework for describing dispersion interactions in a system consisting of N non-overlapping monomers is presented. By constraining the density to the physical ground-state density of the supersystem, the MAC enables a rigorous separation of induction and dispersion effects. The exact dispersion energy is obtained from the zero-temperature fluctuation–dissipation theorem and partitioned into increments corresponding to the interaction energy gained when an additional monomer is added to a K-monomer system. The total dispersion energy of an N-monomer system is independent of any partitioning into subsystems. This statement of dispersion size consistency is shown to be an exact constraint. The resulting additive separability of the dispersion energy results from multiplicative separability of the generalized screening factor defined as the inverse generalized dielectric function. Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) is found to violate dispersion size-consistency because perturbative approximations to the generalized screening factor are nonseparable; on the other hand, random phase approximation-type methods produce separable generalized screening factors and therefore preserve dispersion size-consistency. This result further explains the previously observed increase in relative errors of MBPT for dispersion interactions as the system size increases. Implications for electronic structure theory and applications to supramolecular materials and condensed matter are discussed.
The experiences of dietitian’s working in care homes in England: a qualitative study
Authors: Romano Vittoria , Minns Lowe Catherine J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The provision of appropriate nutritional care in care homes is a priority for health services in England. There is limited evidence demonstrating the role of dietitians within older people care homes. This study explores the experiences of dietitians working with care homes for older people in England.

Methods
A qualitative study using semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews was conducted. Criterion and snowball purposive sampling recruited six dietitian participants. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A reflexive diary was completed, and data analyses followed interpretative phenomenological analyses. Constant comparison, code–recode audits, independent coding by a supervisor, supervisory support and peer review were used to promote rigour.

Results
Two key themes and three subthemes were identified: Theme 1 is collaboration with multidisciplinary team (MDT) professionals and its two subthemes are as follows: using support strategies (pathway/standards implementation, training/education and resident dietetic assessment) and delivering value (by benefitting more residents, demonstrating unique dietetic skills, nutritional prescription savings and meeting other professional’s knowledge gap). Theme 2 is communication with MDT professionals and its subtheme is the understanding of the dietitian’s role and of nutritional care.

Conclusion
Dietitians believe that they play a key role in supporting care homes with nutritional care, identifying themselves as experts and leaders, working with MDT professionals. The findings highlight the importance of a consistent approach to managing nutrition and the need for dietitians to share outcome data to improve the limited evidence-base. There is a need to agree a defined dietetic service provision to care homes in England.
Stability of HIV-1 Nucleic Acids in cobas Plasma Separation Card for Viral Load Measurement
Authors: Vubil Adolfo , Nhachigule Carina , Zicai Ana Flora , Meggi Bindiya , da Costa Paulino , Mabunda Nédio , Viegas Sofia , Sitoe Nádia , Jani Ilesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Our study aimed to evaluate the stability of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA on cobas plasma separation card (PSC) specimens for viral load (VL) testing after being exposed to varied temperatures and storage times.

Methods
For this purpose, venous PSC specimens were collected and stored at 25ºC to 42ºC for a period of up to 28 days. Plasma VL at baseline was used as reference, against which PSC VL was compared at different time points.

Results
From the 30 patients included in the study, 600 PSC and 30 fresh plasma specimens were obtained. Plasma VL at baseline was fewer than 1,000 copies/mL in 16 patients, and 99.4% of PSCs from these patients yielded nonquantifiable VL at all temperature ranges and time points. During the study period, minor variation of VL was observed in PSCs obtained from 13 patients with plasma VL fewer than 1,000 copies/mL at baseline. For the patient with plasma VL at 1,000 copies/mL, the PSC VL varied from undetectable to 1,670 copies/mL.

Conclusions
Our results show minor variation of VL in PSC specimens in the study conditions. HIV RNA is stable in PSCs exposed to high temperatures for up to 28 days.
A review on the application of bioinformatics tools in food microbiome studies
Authors: Chelliah Ramachandran , Banan-MwineDaliri Eric , Khan Imran , Wei Shuai , Elahi Fazle , Yeon Su-Jung , Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi , Ofosu Fred Kwame , Rubab Momna , Ju Hum Hun , Rallabandi Harikrishna Reddy , Madar Inamul Hasan , Sultan Ghazala , Oh Deog Hwan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There is currently a transformed interest toward understanding the impact of fermentation on functional food development due to growing consumer interest on modified health benefits of sustainable foods. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings regarding the impact of Next-generation sequencing and other bioinformatics methods in the food microbiome and use prediction software to understand the critical role of microbes in producing fermented foods. Traditionally, fermentation methods and starter culture development were considered conventional methods needing optimization to eliminate errors in technique and were influenced by technical knowledge of fermentation. Recent advances in high-output omics innovations permit the implementation of additional logical tactics for developing fermentation methods. Further, the review describes the multiple functions of the predictions based on docking studies and the correlation of genomic and metabolomic analysis to develop trends to understand the potential food microbiome interactions and associated products to become a part of a healthy diet.
Unilateral Sanctions: Kind and Degree; Long-arm and Strong-arm Jurisdiction; Real Intent and “Could-be” Intent
Authors: Yee Sienho 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper sketches out a normal analysis of unilateral sanctions. This consists of three steps: first, whether the sanctions measures are authorised or prohibited or not as unilateral sanctions, or as a course of conduct under a different name; second, whether they may be legitimately couched as another kind of lawful action, almost or apparently as a kind of “defence”; and third, whether unilateral sanctions in any category are prohibited or not collaterally by some special legal regimes. In each step, there is a question of kind as well as a question of degree. The jurisdictional regime may be of importance in the analysis. Sometimes the assertion of the so-called long-arm jurisdiction to justify a measure is so weak and so oppressive at once that it is better called “strong-arm jurisdiction”. In any event, a possible jurisdictional justification does not for this reason alone make a sanctions measure lawful. In each step of the analysis, the real intent behind the measure at issue settles the question of “kind” and should be carefully identified. The particular real intent, which is unique, qualifies that act as a unique international act. This would debunk the argument that the intent involved in a sanctions measure also “could be” the one required for treating it as a lawful measure. If, for the sake of argument, two different kinds of intent are present in a measure so that the measure can be qualified as, for example, a countermeasure by the imposing State and, at the same time, as unlawful intervention in the sovereign affairs of the target State, there may exist a conflict of norms to be resolved. Ultimately, of great importance is the level of scrutiny or standard of review that a decision-maker would apply to the assessment of intent.
PDAY risk score predicts cardiovascular events in young adults: the CARDIA study
Authors: Gidding Samuel S , Colangelo Laura A , Nwabuo Chike C , Lewis Cora E , Jacobs David R , Schreiner Pamela J , Lima Joao A C , Allen Norrina B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction equations apply to older adults. For this study, the Pathobiologic Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) risk score, based on post-mortem measurements of atherosclerosis in 15–34-year olds dying accidentally, was used to predict ASCVD events, specifically myocardial infarction and revascularization, in middle age, from risk measured at ≤40 years of age.

Methods and results
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) collected longitudinal cardiovascular risk data, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, and ASCVD data beginning at age 18 and 30 years with 30-year follow-up. Predictive accuracy for ASCVD of the PDAY risk score, calculated at baseline (mean age 24) and at all six CARDIA examinations up until year 15, was examined. We also examined whether the presence of CAC improved model discrimination. The cohort for this study comprised 5004 Black and White men and women, at baseline and 3558 with data at year 15. Each standard deviation increase in PDAY score, at each examination, was significantly associated with future ASCVD. Hazard ratios (per standard deviation) increased from 1.74 to 2.04 from year 0 to year 15. C-statistics ranged from 0.771 to 0.794. Coronary artery calcium measurement at age 33–45 years improved risk prediction only if the score was 0. Cumulative risk exposure over the first 15 years of the CARDIA study also had high-predictive value (c-statistic 0.798, 95% confidence interval 0.762–0.835).

Conclusion
The PDAY risk score may be used in young adults, prior to age 40 years to predict ASCVD events.
Detection of NS1 protein from dengue virus in excreta and homogenates of wild-caughtAedes aegyptimosquitoes using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Rodriguez Maria Carmen , Cime-Castillo Jorge , Argotte-Ramos Rocío , Vargas Valeria , Correa-Morales Fabian , Sánchez-Tejeda Gustavo , Lanz-Mendoza Humberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDengue fever is one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. Development of methods for dengue virus (DENV) detection in mosquitoes to assess prevalence as a preliminary screen for entomological surveillance in endemic regions of DENV will certainly contribute to the control of the disease. A monoclonal antibody against the NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) viral protein was generated using recombinant NS1 protein and used to detect and analyze DENV in both excreta and total homogenates from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Results demonstrated expression of NS1 in excreta of DENV laboratory-infected mosquitoes and homogenates from field mosquitoes infected with DENV. The immunodetection method reported here represents a first-line strategy for assessing the prevalence of DENV in mosquitoes, for entomological surveillance in endemic regions of dengue. Detection of DENV prevalence in field mosquitoes could have an impact on vector surveillance measures to interrupt dengue transmission.