bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted vs Observed Metastasis-Free Survival in Individuals With Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Singh Arun D. , Binkley Elaine M. , Wrenn Jacquelyn M. , Bena James F. , Hinz Connie , Boldt H. Culver 
Published: July 2022

ImportanceAccuracy of the predicted metastasis-free survival (MFS) by a commercially available gene expression profiling (GEP) test is not known.ObjectiveTo compare the predicted MFS with the observed MFS in patients in this cohort and with those in published studies (published MFS, meta-analysis).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included consecutive patients from the University of Iowa and Cleveland Clinic who were diagnosed with uveal melanoma who underwent prognostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy at the time of primary treatment. Patients were recruited from December 2012 to December 2020. The predicted MFS for patients was extracted from the GEP report. The observed MFS was defined as time to metastasis. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to identify tumor variables impacting MFS in patients with class 2 tumors. The overall estimate of the published MFS was obtained by performing meta-analysis of data from published series. Analysis took place in August 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMFS.ResultsThere were 92 patients from the University of Iowa and 255 patients from the Cleveland Clinic. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 59.4 (13.0) years. The median (IQR) follow-up interval was 38.0 (19.0-57.0) months. The observed MFS for patients with class 2 tumor in this cohort (3 years: 67% [95% CI, 59%-77%]; 5 years: 47% [95% CI, 37%-61%]) and in published studies (3 years: 62% [95% CI, 57%-66%]; 5 years: 40% [95% CI, 34%-46%]) were better than those predicted (50% and 28% for 3 and 5 years, respectively). Within patients with class 2 tumor, those with metastasis had larger tumors compared with nonmetastatic tumors (mean largest basal diameter difference, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.5-3.0] mm; P = .01; mean thickness ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.04-1.5]; P = .01, respectively). An increasing tumor size was significantly associated with increased hazard ratio (1.16 [95% CI, 1.06-1.27]; P &lt; .001) of metastasis.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest the predicted MFS for metastatic tumors (class 2) appears to be worse than that observed here and reported by others. Incorporation of tumor size in the prediction model may enhance its accuracy. Adjuvant therapy trials may not be able to rely on predicted MFS to calculate efficacy with a high degree of confidence.
Perovskite Plasticity: Exploiting Instability for Self‐Optimized Performance
Authors: van der Burgt Julia S. , Scalerandi Francesca , de Boer Jeroen J. , Rigter Susan A. , Garnett Erik C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites display outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission, and simple deposition, which make them attractive for optoelectronics. At the same time, their facile ion migration and transformation under optical, electrical, and chemical stress are seen as a major limitation. Mixed halide perovskites are particularly problematic since optical excitation can cause changes in the bandgap that are detrimental for solar cell and light‐emitting diode efficiency and stability. In this work, instead of preventing such changes, photo‐induced halide segregation in perovskites is exploited to enable responsive, reconfigurable, and self‐optimizing materials. The mixed halide perovskite film is trained to give directional light emission using a nanophotonic microlens; through a self‐optimized process of halide photosegregation, the system mimics the training stimulus. Longer training leads to more highly directional emission, while different halide migration kinetics in the light (fast training) and dark (slow forgetting) allows for material memory. This self‐optimized material performs significantly better than lithographically aligned quantum dots because it eliminates lens‐emitter misalignment and automatically corrects for lens aberrations. The system shows a combination of mimicking, improving over time, and memory, which comprise the basic requirements for learning, and allow for the intriguing prospect of intelligent optoelectronic materials.
Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr3 Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Jingwei , He Benlin , Zhang Wenyu , Tui Rui , Chen Haiyan , Duan Yanyan , Huang Hao , Duan Jialong , Tang Qunwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the key problems to improving the performance of a typical perovskite solar cell (PSC) is to minimize the defect‐determined nonradiative recombination. So far, the cutting‐edge strategies mainly focus on the film‐scale defect manipulation at grain boundaries and surfaces by trial‐and‐error, but the intrinsic passivation mechanism and fundamental guideline in the perspective of crystal lattices are still unclear. Herein, a much lower defect formation energy of PbBr antisite defect at (110) plane than that at (h00) planes is demonstrated by theoretically studying the crystal plane‐dependent defect density in an inorganic CsPbBr3 film, and then the authors precisely control the plane growth by selectively anchoring (pseudo‐) halide anions from ionic liquids to (110) plane. Because of the different adsorption energies on various planes, the growth of defective (110) plane is suppressed, leading to the formation of (h00) plane‐oriented film. Finally, the all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC passivated by ionic liquid EMImCl delivers the best efficiency of 10.71% with an open‐circuit voltage up to 1.650 V. This work provides an in‐depth insight into defect formation and passivation mechanism to stabilize perovskite photovoltaics.
A Single‐Molecule Memristor based on an Electric‐Field‐Driven Dynamical Structure Reconfiguration
Authors: Guo Yilin , Yang Chen , Zhou Shuyao , Liu Zhirong , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA robust single‐molecule memristor is prepared by covalently integrating one phenol molecule with multiple binding sites into nanogapped graphene electrodes. Multilevel resistance switching is realized by the electric‐field‐manipulated reconfiguration of the acyl moiety on the phenol center, that is, the Fries rearrangement. In situ measurements of the reaction trajectories with an initial single substrate and an intermediate break through the limitation of macroscopic experiments, therefore unveiling both intramolecular and intermolecular mechanistic pathways (a long‐term controversy) as well as comprehensive dynamic information. Based on this advance, high‐performance single‐molecule memristors in both the solution and solid states are achieved successively, providing a new understanding of memristive systems and neural network computing.
A Self‐Reporting Fluorescent Salicylaldehyde–Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Type‐II ICD Inducer for Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Jin Xin , Gao Meng , Zhang Yunjiao , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate the anticancer immune response and is highly attractive to improve cancer treatment efficacy. ICD is closely related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a series of ICD inducers has recently been reported based on ER‐targeted photodynamic/photothermal agents or metal complexes. However, these ER‐targeted ICD inducers suffer from complicated synthesis and heavy‐metal cytotoxicity. Inspired by the promising clinical potential of small organic molecules, herein, an ER‐targeted fluorescent self‐reporting ICD inducer, SA‐Cbl, is developed by simple conjugation of the chemotherapeutic drug chlorambucil (Cbl) with salicylaldehyde (SA). SA‐Cbl can selectively accumulate in the ER to induce rapid ROS generation and an unfolded protein response process, which leads to a fast release of damage‐associated molecular patterns and efficient dendritic cells maturation. Meanwhile, the ER‐targeted accumulation and ER‐stress‐inducing process can be in situ monitored based on the turn‐on fluorescence of SA‐Cbl, which is highly pH‐ and polarity‐sensitive and can selectively interact with ER proteins. Compared with the traditional chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, the superior anticancer immunity effect of SA‐Cbl is verified via an in vivo tumor model. This study thus provides a new strategy for developing fluorescent self‐reporting ICD inducers by decoration of chemotherapeutic drugs with pH and polarity‐sensitive organic fluorophores.
Spectral Regulation and Efficiency Optimization in Cr3+‐Doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet Near‐Infrared Ceramic Phosphors via Crystal‐Field Engineering
Authors: Jiang Hangjie , Chen Liyan , Wu Xianhui , Luo Zhaohua , Li Ruiyang , Liu Yongfu , Liu Zehua , Sun Peng , You Weixiong , Jiang Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED) is a new NIR light source with both compact structure and high efficiency, and its performances is greatly depended on the NIR phosphors. Herein, this work presents a Cr3+‐doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Cr3+) NIR ceramic phosphor with a broadband emission in the range of 650–850 nm, and optical performances that can be regulated via crystal‐field engineering. By optimizing the Al/Ga ratio, an external quantum efficiency as high as 65% is observed. The thermal stability is enhanced with the increase of Al content, which is attributed to the broadening of bandgap and the weakening of electron–phonon coupling effect. The NIR light output powers of the fabricated device based on the GAGG:Cr3+ ceramic are up to 88.9 mW @ 10 mA and 1247.7 mW @ 200 mA, while the electro‐optical conversion efficiencies were 28.5% @ 10 mA and 17.7% @ 200 mA, respectively. In addition, the NIR pc‐LED exhibited a strong penetrability such that the veins in a palm could be clearly identified, allowing for its potential use in biosecurity applications.
3D Printing of Multiscale Ti64‐Based Lattice Electrocatalysts for Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Binbin , Kang Jiahui , Zeng Tianbiao , Qu Hongqiao , Yu Shixiang , Deng Hui , Bai Jiaming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrically assisted water splitting is an endurable strategy for hydrogen production, but the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) extremely restrict the large‐scale production of hydrogen. Developing highly efficient and non‐precious catalytic materials is essential to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER. However, currently used catalyst supports, such as copper foam, suffer from inferior corrosion resistance and structural stability, resulting in the disabled functionality of 3D conductive networks. To this end, a novel 3D freestanding electrode with corrosion‐resistant and robust Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy lattice as the catalyst support is designed via a 3D printing technology of selective laser melting. After the coating of core–shell Cu(OH)2@CoNi carbonate hydroxides (CoNiCH) on the designed lattice, a unique micro/nano‐sized hierarchical porous structure is formed, which endows the electrocatalyst with a promising electrocatalytic activity (a low overpotential of 355 mV at 30 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 125.3 mV dec−1). Computational results indicate that the CoNiCH exhibits optimized electron transfer and the catalytic activity of the Ni site is higher than that of the Co site in the CoNiCH. Therefore, the integration of robust catalyst supports and highly active materials opens up an avenue for reliable and high‐performance OER electrocatalysts.
A Flexible Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching Device Based on Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Yang Guojian , Yao Zhiqiang , Yang Xuefeng , Xie Yigui , Duan Pengfei , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlexible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switching devices have been long‐awaited due to their promising potential application in wearable optoelectronic devices. However, on account of the few materials and complicated design of manufacturing systems, how to fabricate a flexible electric‐field‐driven CPL‐switching device is still a serious challenge. Herein, a flexible device with multiple optical switching properties (CPL, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, color) is designed and prepared efficiently based on proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism by optimizing the chiral structure of switching molecule. More importantly, this device can maintain the switching performance even after 300 bending‐unbending cycles. It has a remarkable comprehensive performance containing bistable property, low open voltage, and good cycling stability. Then, prototype devices with designed patterns have been fabricated, which opens a new application pattern of CPL‐switching materials.
Electrical Field Driven Structural Evolutions of Polymorphic Nanodomains in Ferroelectric Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 Films
Authors: Ren Yuhang , Kurt Onur , Cheng Hongbo , Le Tong , Greenbaum Steve , Ouyang Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFilm ferroelectrics possessing large breakdown strength and high energy density hold great promise for compact and efficient power systems. However, it is still unclear how the evolution of their underlying structure engenders their defining energy storage properties. Here, the electrical field‐driven structural evolutions of polymorphic nanodomains in 1400 nm ferroelectric Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) films by optical second‐harmonic generation, along with X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses are revealed. The BZT films transform between a remnant state to a charged state with an improved energy efficiency (≈90%) and an excellent fatigue endurance (virtually no loss in energy efficiency and ≈25% loss in stored energy after 107 bipolar cycles @ 1.5 MV cm−1 maximum electric field). Phase separation is significantly increased after charge‐discharge cycles. The performance is attributed to ultra‐adaptive polymorphic nanodomains, which effectively accommodate the concurring elastic and electrical stress fields during electrical switching.
Antimicrobial and anticancer potential of novel polyaspartate derivatives synthesized via quaternary ammonium grafting
Authors: Torres‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Avérous Luc , Pollet Eric , de Jesús Sosa‐Santillán Gerardo , Zugasti‐Cruz Alejandro , Sierra‐Rivera Crystel Aleyvick , Pérez‐Aguilar Nancy Verónica , Garcia‐Lobato Marco Antonio , Oyervides‐Muñoz Ernesto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree novel polyaspartate derivatives with antibacterial properties and low hemolytic effects are synthesized by the reaction of sodium polyaspartate (PAspNa) with different quaternary ammonium salts with a carboxylic end‐group, subsequently these are tested in vitro against different cancer and normal cell lines. 1‐(carboxypentyl) pyridinium bromide, 1‐(carboxypentyl) benzalkonium bromide, and 1‐(carboxypentyl) quinolinium bromide are synthesized from a quaternization reaction between 6‐bromohexanoic acid and the respective tertiary amines (pyridine, N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine, and quinoline). Then, these ammonium salts are chemically grafted along the sodium polyaspartate macromolecular chains through an acid–base reaction. Three different polyaspartate derivatives are obtained and their chemical structures analyzed and confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H NMR, the corresponding thermal stability is analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The antibacterial efficiency of these PAspNa derivatives against Escherichia coli is determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Hemolysis assays are performed on isolated human erythrocytes and finally the cell proliferation is studied by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. All the PAspNa derivatives show antibacterial activities, low hemolytic effects, and antiproliferative effect in some concentrations evaluated in murine fibroblast (3T3), and cancer cell lines of cervix (HeLa), breast (4T1), and liver (HepG2) cells lines.
Iyuku raathi, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa
Authors: Forster Catherine A. , de Klerk William J. , Poole Karen E. , Chinsamy‐Turan Anusuya , Roberts Eric M. , Ross Callum F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe name and describe a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Creteceous Kirkwood Formation, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This dinosaur is one of only two ornithopod dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous of southern Africa, and is unique in being represented primarily by hatchling to young juvenile individuals as demonstrated by bone histological analysis. All of the juvenile material of this new taxon comes from a single, laterally‐restricted bonebed and specimens were primarily recovered as partial to complete single elements, although rare articulated materials and one partial skeleton were found. Sedimentology of the bonebed suggests that this horizon heralds a change in environment upsection to a drier and more seasonal climate. This accumulation of bones is interpreted as seasonal mortality from a nesting site or nesting grounds and may be linked to this environmental shift.
Actuator fault tolerance based on continuous‐time fuzzy singularly perturbed model
Authors: He Chunxiao , Li Xisheng , Chen Jinxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActuator fault tolerance based on fuzzy singularly perturbed model (FSPM) for nonlinear singularly perturbed systems (NSPSs) is investigated. A continuous‐time FSPM with subtractive faults on control input is presented to describe NSPSs with actuator faults, which is less conservative than slow–fast submodel methods. A hybrid fuzzy controller (HFC) consisting of a fuzzy detector and a fault‐tolerant controller can realize real‐time fault tolerance, such that the target system with actuator faults is stabilized. The theorem to solve controller gains is derived by using Lyapunov, singular perturbation, , and Schur complement theories, which can avoid the problem that the feasible solutions cannot be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A nonlinear item was replaced by a linear item, which provides a good idea for solving nonlinear matrix inequalities. The sudden and remittent actuator faults of a motor system are suppressed by using the above approaches.
Optical properties of novel luminescent nacre‐like epoxy/graphene nanocomposite coating integrated with lanthanide‐activated aluminate nanoparticles
Authors: Snari Razan M. , Alzahrani Seraj Omar , Katouah Hanadi A. , Alkhamis Kholood , Alaysuy Omaymah , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNacre structure has aragonite polygonal tablets, tessellated to generate separate layers, and exhibits adjacent layers and tablets within a layer bonded by a biopolymer. Here, we report the development of a nacre‐like organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite coating consisting of epoxy tablets as well as rare‐earth‐activated aluminate and graphene oxide tablet/tablet interfaces. The lanthanide‐activated aluminate was prepared using a high temperature solid‐state approach followed by top‐down technology to provide the phosphor nanoparticles (PNPs). Graphene oxide nanosheets were prepared from graphite. The prepared epoxy/graphene/phosphor nanocomposites were applied onto mild steel. Covalent bonds were formed between epoxy polymer chains resin and the graphene oxide nanosheets. These interface interactions resulted in a tough surface, high tensile strength, and excellent durability. The use of phosphor in the nanoparticle form guaranteed that no agglomerations were produced throughout the hardening procedure by allowing better distribution of PNPs in the nacre‐like matrix. The generated nacre‐like substrates displayed reversible fluorescence. The excitation of the white coloured nacre‐like coats at 367 nm resulted in a green emission band at 518 nm as designated by the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) Laboratory and photoluminescence spectra. Various analysis methods were utilized to inspect the surface structure and elemental composition of the nacre‐like coats. An improved hydrophobicity and mechanical characteristics were detected when increasing the phosphor concentration. Due to the astonishing characteristics of the prepared nacre‐like composite paint, both ceramics and metals can benefit from the current simple strategy.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on gait disorders and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Shan , Dong Zhimei , Pan Liya , Liu Ying , Ye Ziming , Qin Lu , Liu Qianqian , Qin Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is acknowledged to be crucial to manage freezing of gait (FOG) and cognitive impairment for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effectiveness is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of rTMS on FOG and cognitive function in people with PD and to investigate potential factors that modulate the rTMS effects.MethodsDatabases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 31, 2021. Eligible studies include a controlled randomized clinical trial of rTMS intervention for FOG and cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with fixed‐effects models. The outcome of the study included gait and cognitive assessments.ResultsSixteen studies with a total of 419 patients were included. Fixed‐effects analysis revealed that rTMS was effective in improving freezing of gait questionnaire scores (short‐term effect: WMD = −0.925, 95% CI: −1.642 to −0.209, p = .011; long‐term effect: WMD = −2.120, 95% CI: −2.751 to −1.489, p = .000), 10‐m walking time (short‐term effect: WMD = −0.456, 95% CI: −0.793 to −0.119, p = .008; long‐term effect: WMD = −0.526, 95% CI: −0.885 to −0.167, p = .004), Timed Up‐and‐Go scores (short‐term effect: WMD = −1.064, 95% CI: −1.555 to −0.572, p = .000; long‐term effect: WMD = −1.097, 95% CI: −1.422 to −0.772, p = .000), Montreal cognitive assessment (WMD = 3.714, 95% CI: 2.567 to 4.861, p = .000), and frontal assessment battery (WMD = −0.584, 95% CI: −0.934 to −0.234, p = .001).ConclusionsRTMS showed a beneficial effect on FOG and cognitive dysfunction in parkinsonism. However, the optimal rTMS protocol has not been determined and further high‐quality studies are needed.
Global Examination of Mental State: An open tool for the brief evaluation of cognition
Authors: Mondini Sara , Montemurro Sonia , Pucci Veronica , Ravelli Adele , Signorini Matteo , Arcara Giorgio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to present a freely accessible new instrument for the evaluation of cognition: the Global Examination of Mental State (GEMS).MethodsIt is made up of 11 items tapping into a range of skills, such as Orientation in time and space, Memory, Working memory, Visuo‐spatial, Visuo‐constructional and Planning abilities, Perceptual and visual Attention, Language (Naming, Comprehension, and Verbal fluency), and Pragmatics.ResultsThe psychometric strengths of this screening are: (1) extensive and updated normative data on the adult Italian population (from 18 to 100 years old); (2) absence of ceiling effect in healthy individuals, which allows to better detect interindividual variability; (3) comparison of the global scores with normative data taking into account Cognitive Reserve rather than only education, thus increasing diagnostic accuracy; (4) thresholds for significant change over time and the possibility to use parallel versions (GEMS‐A/GEMS‐B) for test‐retest; (5) solid psychometric properties and data on discriminant validity; and (6) free access to all materials (record forms, instructions, and cut‐off scores) on the web under a Creative Common License.ConclusionsWith all these characteristics, GEMS could be a very useful paper‐and‐pencil instrument for cognitive screening.