bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape memory elastomers: A review of synthesis, design, advanced manufacturing, and emerging applications
Authors: Prathumrat Peerawat , Nikzad Mostafa , Hajizadeh Elnaz , Arablouei Reza , Sbarski Igor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShape memory elastomers (SMEs) are a class of intelligent materials characterized by their ability to deform and recover shapes under applied force and external stimuli. Heat and ultraviolet radiation are examples of the most common external stimuli. With the emerging prevalence of internet of things devices and the ensuing need for smart materials and structures, SMEs provide significant opportunities to support the development of novel applications in robotics, remotely actuated systems, and packages, including those promised for the space industry. To harness the immense potential in the emerging applications of these materials, one approach is the systematic multi‐scale modeling coupled with artificial intelligence‐assisted design leading to the development of next‐generation intelligent systems. This review covers several aspects of the synthesis/materials chemistry and applications of SMEs with a view towards enabling such an approach. The synthesis procedures emphasizing dynamic covalent bond reactions are reviewed. Then, liquid crystalline elastomers are introduced as a specific elastomeric material class that exhibits excellent shape memory characteristics and distinctive transition temperatures. The utilization of advanced manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, three‐dimensional printing, and the emerging four‐dimensional printing technologies assisted by machine learning are detailed in producing and predicting SMEs. Finally, the current trends in the use of SMEs are summarized in areas of industrial and space engineering and biomedical applications.
Thermoplastic matrix‐based composites produced by resin transfer molding: A review
Authors: Miranda Campos Bernard , Bourbigot Serge , Fontaine Gaëlle , Bonnet Fanny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recycling of thermoset‐based composites is challenging. The replacement of thermosetting resins with thermoplastics is an initial step to address this issue, together with the use of green reinforcements. Owing to the recent development of low‐viscosity thermoplastic resins, it is possible to produce thermoplastic matrix composites using the resin transfer molding (RTM) technique, which was originally conceived for the production of thermosetting matrix composites. These resins are based on cyclic esters, methyl methacrylate, and cyclic (butylene terephthalate) oligomers. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art works reported on the production of thermoplastic matrix composites via a thermoplastic RTM (TP‐RTM) process, from the in situ polymerization of the resins through the optimization of the TP‐RTM parameters for the evaluation of the composite properties.
Enhancement of chemical, physical, and surface properties of electrospun PCL/PLA blends by means of air plasma treatment
Authors: Can‐Herrera Luis Alfonso , Oliva Andrés Iván , Cervantes‐Uc José Manuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are polymers with unique individual features, but their mixing can produce a new biodegradable material with well‐balanced properties, although with a disadvantage that both are highly hydrophobic materials. To improve this drawback, electrospun PCL/PLA blends with various weight ratios were superficially modified by air plasma. The changes undergone by the nanofibers were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques; water contact angle (WCA) was also determined. We demonstrated that the electrospun PCL/PLA blends did not suffer morphological changes, although it was observed an increase in the roughness and the O/C ratio (by XPS analysis) and, decrease in WCA values, when the PCL content dominates in the blend after the treatment. The surface characteristics of the scaffolds PCL/PLA blends can be improved after modification with plasma and by tuning the content of its components.
Critical role for the lung endothelial nonmuscle myosin light‐chain kinase isoform in the severity of inflammatory murine lung injury
Authors: Kempf Carrie L. , Sammani Saad , Bermudez Tadeo , Song Jin H. , Hernon Vivian Reyes , Hufford Matthew K. , Burt Jessica , Camp Sara M. , Dudek Steven M. , Garcia Joe G. N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal knockout of the nonmuscle isoform of myosin light‐chain kinase (nmMLCK), a primary cellular regulator of cytoskeletal machinery, is strongly protective in preclinical murine models of inflammatory lung injury. The current study was designed to assess the specific contribution of endothelial cell (EC) nmMLCK to the severity of murine inflammatory lung injury produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mechanical ventilation ventilator‐induced lung injury or ventilation (VILI). Responses to combined LPS/VILI exposure were assessed in: (i) wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6J mice; (ii) transgenic mice with global deletion of nmMLCK (nmMylk−/−); (iii) transgenic nmMylk−/− mice with overexpression of nmMLCK restricted to the endothelium (nmMylk−/−/ec‐tg+). Lung inflammation indices included lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), lung protein biochemistry, tissue albumin levels, Evans blue dye (EBD) lung extravasation, and plasma cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC]/IL‐8, IL‐1bβ, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, tumor necrosis factor‐α). Compared to WT C57BL/6J mice, the severity of LPS/VILI‐induced lung injury was markedly reduced in mice with global nmMLCK deletion reflected by reductions in histologic inflammatory lung injury, BAL PMN counts, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and NF‐kB pathway activation in lung homogenates, plasma cytokine levels, and parameters of lung permeability (increased BAL protein, tissue albumin levels, EBD lung extravasation). In contrast, mice with restricted overexpression of nmMLCK in EC (nmMylk−/−/ec‐tg+) showed significant persistence of LPS/VILI‐induced lung injury severity compared to WT mice. In conclusion, these studies strongly endorse the role of EC nmMLCK in driving the severity of preclinical inflammatory lung injury. Precise targeting of EC nmMLCK may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to reduce lung inflammation and both lung and systemic vascular permeability.
Increasing the kinetic stability of a gas‐phase contact ion‐pair through enhancement of the carbocation stability
Authors: Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of a hydrogen‐bonded contact ion pair (HBCIP, in the gas phase) between the dibenzotropylium cation and chloride has been suggested previously. However, the low barrier (ΔE‡, of ~1 kcal/mol) to its covalent counterpart can preclude its detection. In this work it is shown (through density functional theory calculations) that ΔE‡ can be increased significantly, based on larger but similar carbocations containing more benzene rings. Using the electrostatic potential as a measure of carbocation stability, along with its linear correlation with ΔE‡, one obtains a ΔE‡ value as high as ~3.7 kcal/mol for the HBCIP between the heptabenzotropylium cation and chloride. The trend for ΔE‡ can be explained by the deformation energy of the carbocation, from its structure in the HBCIP to that in the transition state.
CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60): A series of silicide cages with high content of TM atoms
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Zhao Huiyan , Wang Jing , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of silicide cages with high content of transition metal atoms, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) clusters, have been systematically investigated in the framework of density functional theory. Among them, Cu30Si12 with a higher Eb and a lager HOMO‐LUMO gap has been discussed in detail. The hollow cage‐like structure Cu30Si12, which adopts an Ih‐symmetry, can be described as the combination of 12 Cu5Si. Molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational frequency analysis have been conducted to verify its stability. Electron density analysis, natural bond orbitals analysis, and partial density of states analysis have been done to explore the binding characters of Cu30Si12. The results indicate that the σ bonds between Cu and Si atoms are of great importance for structural stability. More importantly, on one hand, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) can encapsulate atoms or molecules to regulate their properties. On the other hand, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) may be rather tempting for the further semiconductor devices due to the existence of silicon.
Active learning promotes more positive attitudes towards the course: A meta‐analysis☆
Authors: Tutal Özgür , Yazar Taha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review aims to analyse the results of individual studies examining the effect of the active learning approach on students’ attitudes towards course by meta‐analysis method, also expose the impact of various study characteristics on this effect. As a result of the literature review carried out for this purpose, 144 studies (158 effect sizes) that meet the inclusion criteria were included in the meta‐analysis. The result of the analysis by using the random‐effects model indicated a moderate overall effect size for the effectiveness of active learning on attitudes towards the course (g = 0.757). This reveals that active learning is more effective on students’ attitudes towards the course than traditional lecture‐based methods. According to the analyses made to detect publication bias, it was determined that there was no publication bias in the meta‐analysis. Moreover, moderator analyses were conducted for ten possible moderator variables. The moderator analyses indicated that the effect of active learning on attitudes towards the course moderated only by a variable, the developer of the scale. The sub‐group analysis of scale developers revealed a strong effect for the studies in which the scale was developed by the research author (g = 1.159) and a moderate effect for the studies in which the scale was developed by another researcher(s) (g = 0.661).
A semi‐parametric Bayesian model for semi‐continuous longitudinal data
Authors: Ren Junting , Tapert Susan , Fan Chun Chieh , Thompson Wesley K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSemi‐continuous data present challenges in both model fitting and interpretation. Parametric distributions may be inappropriate for extreme long right tails of the data. Mean effects of covariates, susceptible to extreme values, may fail to capture relevant information for most of the sample. We propose a two‐component semi‐parametric Bayesian mixture model, with the discrete component captured by a probability mass (typically at zero) and the continuous component of the density modeled by a mixture of B‐spline densities that can be flexibly fit to any data distribution. The model includes random effects of subjects to allow for application to longitudinal data. We specify prior distributions on parameters and perform model inference using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs‐sampling algorithm programmed in R. Statistical inference can be made for multiple quantiles of the covariate effects simultaneously providing a comprehensive view. Various MCMC sampling techniques are used to facilitate convergence. We demonstrate the performance and the interpretability of the model via simulations and analyses on the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study (NCANDA) data on alcohol binge drinking.
All‐Electrochemical Nanofabrication of Stacked Ternary Metal Sulfide/Graphene Electrodes for High‐Performance Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Sanchez Jaime S. , Xia Zhenyuan , Patil Nagaraj , Grieco Rebecca , Sun Jinhua , Klement Uta , Qiu Ren , Christian Meganne , Liscio Fabiola , Morandi Vittorio , Marcilla Rebeca , Palermo Vincenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnergy‐storage materials can be assembled directly on the electrodes of a battery using electrochemical methods, this allowing sequential deposition, high structural control, and low cost. Here, a two‐step approach combining electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and cathodic electrodeposition (CED) is demonstrated to fabricate multilayer hierarchical electrodes of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and mixed transition metal sulfides (NiCoMnSx). The process is performed directly on conductive electrodes applying a small electric bias to electro‐deposit rGO and NiCoMnSx in alternated cycles, yielding an ideal porous network and a continuous path for transport of ions and electrons. A fully rechargeable alkaline battery (RAB) assembled with such electrodes gives maximum energy density of 97.2 Wh kg−1 and maximum power density of 3.1 kW kg−1, calculated on the total mass of active materials, and outstanding cycling stability (retention 72% after 7000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1). When the total electrode mass of the cell is considered, the authors achieve an unprecedented gravimetric energy density of 68.5 Wh kg−1, sevenfold higher than that of typical commercial supercapacitors, higher than that of Ni/Cd or lead–acid Batteries and similar to Ni–MH Batteries. The approach can be used to assemble multilayer composite structures on arbitrary electrode shapes.
Aqueous MXene/Xanthan Gum Hybrid Inks for Screen‐Printing Electromagnetic Shielding, Joule Heater, and Piezoresistive Sensor
Authors: Wu Han , Xie Yimei , Ma Yanan , Zhang Binbin , Xia Bin , Zhang Pengxiang , Qian Wei , He Daping , Zhang Xin , Li Bao‐Wen , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMXenes have exhibited potential for application in flexible devices owing to their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Printing strategies have emerged as a facile route for additive manufacturing of MXene‐based devices, which relies on the rational design of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties. Herein, aqueous MXene/xanthan gum hybrid inks with tunable viscosity, excellent printability, and long‐term stability are designed. Screen‐printed flexible MXene films using such hybrid inks exhibit a high conductivity up to 4.8 × 104 S m−1, which is suitable to construct multifunctional devices mainly including electromagnetic shielding, Joule heaters, and piezoresistive sensors. The average electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding value can reach to 40.1 dB. In the Joule heater, the heating rate of printed MXene film can reach 20 °C s−1 under a driving voltage of 4 V, with a highest steady‐state temperature of 130.8 °C. An MXene‐based piezoresistive sensor prepared by the printing interdigital electrode also presents good sensing performance with a short response time of 130 ms and wide pressure region up to 30 kPa. As a result, screen‐printed MXene film exhibits reinforced multifunctional performance, which is promising for application in the next‐generation of intelligent and wearable devices.
Freeze‐Tolerant Hydrogel Electrolyte with High Strength for Stable Operation of Flexible Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqing , Ji Chenchen , Meng Qiangqiang , Mi Hongyu , Yang Qi , Li Zixiao , Yang Nianjun , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConstructing ionic conductive hydrogels with diversified properties is crucial for portable zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). Herein, a freeze‐tolerant hydrogel electrolyte (AF PVA‐CMC/Zn(CF3SO3)2) is developed by forming a semi‐interpenetrating anti‐freezing polyvinyl alcohol‐carboxymethyl cellulose (AF PVA‐CMC) network filled with the ethylene glycol (EG)‐containing Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous solution. The semi‐interpenetrating AF PVA‐CMC/Zn(CF3SO3)2 possesses enhanced mechanical properties, realizes the uniform zinc deposition, and impedes the dendrite growth. Notably, the interaction between PVA and EG suppresses the ice crystal formation and prevents freezing at −20 °C. Due to these advantages, the designed hydrogel owns high ionic conductivity of 1.73/0.75 S m−1 at 20/−20 °C with excellent tensile/compression strength at 20 °C. Impressively, the flexible AF quasi‐solid‐state ZHSC employing the hydrogel electrolyte achieves a superior energy density at 20/−20 °C (87.9/60.7 Wh kg−1). It maintains nearly 84.8% of the initial capacity after 10 000 cycles and a low self‐discharge rate (1.77 mV h−1) at 20 °C, together with great tolerance to corrosion. Moreover, this device demonstrates a stable electrochemical performance at −20 °C under deformation. The obtained results provide valuable insights for constructing durable hydrogel electrolytes in cold environments.
Cranial anatomy and systematics of Dendrerpeton cf. helogenes (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Pennsylvanian of Joggins, revisited through micro‐CT scanning
Authors: Arbez Thomas , Atkins Jade B. , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Joggins Fossil Cliffs constitute an upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) locality in Nova Scotia (Canada). This site, known for the rich record of fossils preserved in the palaeoenvironment in which they lived, sheds light on the late Carboniferous environment. More specifically, Joggins records one of the earliest Pennsylvanian ecosystems and is unique in preserving a rich diversity of terrestrial fauna compared with other Pennsylvanian communities, which mostly preserve aquatic fauna. For vertebrate palaeontology, the significance of Joggins lies in the discovery of the earliest amniotes (Hylonomus lyelli Dawson, Protoclepsydrops haplous Carroll, and Asaphestera platyris (Steen)) and the second earliest temnospondyl, Dendrerpeton (only Balanerpeton woodi Milner & Sequeira occurs earlier). Computed tomography of the most complete tetrapod specimen found at Joggins, the temnospondyl amphibian currently referred to Dendrysekos helogenes Steen, made accessible the internal anatomy and revealed previously obscured anatomical structures, including the stapes, scleral plates, and partial sphenethmoid. These newly accessible features enabled a redescription of this specimen. The resulting anatomical comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus Dendrysekos is a junior synonym of Dendrerpeton; the diagnostic characters previously distinguishing the two genera are considered to be instead a combination of ontogenetic and preservational parameters, and the two genera were not resolved as discrete. Additionally, the phylogenetic analyses show that the interrelationships between the main early temnospondyl groups (Edopoidea, Dvinosauria, Eryopoidea and Dissorophoidea) are neither robust nor well supported, due to the low number of shared derived characters.
Contextualizing international ambidextrous strategies of Chinese multinational enterprises
Authors: Avioutskii Viatcheslav , Tensaout Mouloud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article helps explain the theoretical mechanisms of the contextual influence of ambidextrous foreign acquisition strategies of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Europe. Based on the National Business System approach, we demonstrate that these strategies are contextually driven and institutionally conditioned. We use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to identify the configurations of factors affecting the strategies of 829 mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in 29 countries in 1992–2019. We propose a new measure for the organizational ambidexterity construct based on the nature and type of M&As. Our results show that conglomerate affiliation, state ownership, and international business experience affect the deployment of ambidextrous acquisition strategies, while outward foreign direct investment (FDI) policies have a positive effect only for individual firms or when host country innovation environment is well developed. Finally, smaller individual MNE early internationalizers are more likely to deploy acquisition ambidexterity when the government adopts outward FDI policies.
Foliar application of chitosan increases plant growth and ecofriendly control of Cucumis sativus leaf disease
Authors: Wan Ahmad Sofian Wan Sarah Qistina , Baharulrazi Norfhairna , Yunus Nor Alafiza , Musa Siti Fatimah Masturah , Adrus Nadia , Jamaludin Jamarosliza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiological prevention of plant disease with bio‐pesticides is widely encouraged and recommended due to the high environmental risk of chemical pesticides. Because of their non‐toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, chitosan and oligo‐chitosan are well‐known biocontrol agents. The objectives of this research were to determine the best chitosan foliar concentration for Cucumis Sativus growth and yield, and its leaf and fruit disease control. Observation towards the impact of chitosan as an environmentally approach to plant disease control will be explored. To grow Cucumis Sativus the medium used was 100% cocopeat, with electrical conductivity (EC) nutrient solution 1.9mS/cm. The concentrations of chitosan applied were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm. The chitosan was applied once a week. It started 30 days after sowing from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. As a result, the highest length of fruits was achieved at 75 ppm and the highest average diameter at 100 ppm chitosan concentration. Next, at 75 ppm, the impact of chitosan on the total number of fruits and the total weight showed a positive result. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan as an environmentally friendly plant disease control indicated that chitosan has a positive influence on cucumber plant fruit and leaf disease. Chitosan concentrations of 75–100 ppm show the best performance in controlling diseases that affect fruits and leaves. Based on the result, increase the chitosan concentration will increase the plant growth and control the cucumber disease. In conclusion, foliar applications of chitosan resulted in increased vegetative growth, better cucumber fruit quality and plant disease control compared to control plants (0 ppm).
Spatial and temporal analysis of sheep scab notifications in Scotland, 2014–2019
Authors: Jones Rheinallt O. , Geddes Eilidh , Mohr Sibylle , Bell Iain R. , Brulisauer Antonia Ganser , Pritchard Charlotte , Nisbet Alasdair J. , Burgess Stewart T.G. , Busin Valentina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSheep scab is considered an endemic disease of great welfare and economic significance in the UK.MethodThis paper provides an up‐to‐date assessment of the impact of Sheep Scab (Scotland) Order 2010 on sheep scab notifications in Scotland between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019, using data collected by the APHA.ResultsIn total, 564 sheep scab notifications were reported from 503 unique holdings, of which 44 holdings (8.7%) reported more than one incident. The number of notifications did not differ between years, with 81, 84, 93, 101, 109 and 97 notifications recorded in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively: representing an average annual notification prevalence of 0.63% (1/159 flocks/year). A total of 413/564 records documented how notifications were resolved, with macrocyclic lactone and organophosphate treatments accounting for 79.6% and 20.4% of resolutions, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that the Order has facilitated the notification of sheep scab in Scotland (including trends and preferred methods of resolution), allowed industry and government to identify previously unidentified potentially free areas as well as recurrent incidents on sheep farms, and start to understand better the geographical and temporal nature of scab outbreaks. However, concerns remain about a potential lack of engagement, evidenced by the low notification prevalence and stagnant annual notification rates.
Introduction: Revisualising Intersectionality
Authors: Haschemi Yekani Elahe , Nowicka Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe introduction toRevisualising Intersectionalityexplains the proposal for a revisualising of intersectionality as a double strategy of revising intersectionality and infusing it with a stronger focus on visual perceptions of similarity and difference to understand social stratification and inequality. Haschemi Yekani and Nowicka briefly situate the book within what by now has become the transdisciplinary field of intersectionality studies.