bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal Lubrication and Pressure Increase Induced by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in Cats
Authors: Chen Jialiang , Zhong Yihua , Wang Jicheng , Shen Bing , Shen Zhijun , Beckel Jonathan , de Groat William , Chermansky Christopher , Tai Changfeng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Vaginal lubrication and contractions are among the top difficulties affecting sexual intercourse in women after spinal cord injury.

Aim
This study aimed at determining if pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.

Methods
In anesthetized cats, a small piece of cotton was inserted into the vagina for 10 minutes with or without PNS to measure vaginal wetness by the weight increase of the vaginal cotton. Then, a small balloon catheter was inserted into the vagina to measure the pressure increase induced by PNS. Intensity response of the vagina to PNS (30 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5 seconds) was determined at 1–4 times of intensity threshold (T) for PNS to induce an observable vaginal pressure increase. Frequency response was determined at 2T intensity in a range of PNS frequencies (5–50 Hz). Finally, fatigue in vaginal pressure was determined by applying PNS (30 Hz, 2T) either continuously or intermittently (5 seconds on and 5 seconds off) for 4 minutes.

Outcomes
The effectiveness of PNS in increasing vaginal wetness and pressure is evaluated.

Results
PNS significantly (P = .0327) increased the measurement of vaginal wetness from 15.8 ± 3.8 mg during control without stimulation to 32.4 ± 4.7 mg after stimulation. Vaginal pressure increased as PNS intensity or frequency increased. PNS (30 Hz, 2T) induced vaginal pressure increase ≥80% of the maximal response. Intermittent PNS induced significantly (P = .0354) smaller fatigue (45.6 ± 3.7%) in vaginal pressure than continuous PNS (69.1 ± 3.0%) during the 4-minute stimulation.

Clinical Translation
This study raises the possibility of developing a novel pudendal neuromodulation device to improve female sexual function after spinal cord injury.

Strengths & Limitations
This study provides preclinical data supporting the development of a novel pudendal neuromodulation device. The limitation includes the lack of chemical analysis of the vaginal secretion.

Conclusion
PNS can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.
Burnout in Diplomates of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation—Prevalence and Potential Drivers: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Sliwa James A. , Clark Gary S. , Chiodo Anthony , Kinney Carolyn L. , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Francisco Gerard E. , Micheo William , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPhysician burnout is of growing concern. Burnout among physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians has shown a significant increase, positioning PM&R as one of the most “burned out” of specialties. Little has been written about potential factors contributing to physiatrist burnout or potential interventions.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of burnout among physiatrists and identify risk factors for burnout and potential strategies to decrease burnout among physiatrists.DesignProspective cross‐sectional survey.SettingNational survey of board certified physiatrists.
Participants: One thousand five hundred thirty‐six physiatrists certified by the American Board of PM&R.OutcomeThe Mini‐Z Burnout Survey, 1 question from the Maslach Burnout Scale on callousness toward patients, and several potential drivers of burnout. The probability of burnout, identified by question 3 on the Mini‐Z, was the dependent variable. Other questions on the Mini‐Z were explored as independent variables using logistic regression.ResultsSeven hundred seventy physiatrists (50.7%) fulfilled the definition of burnout. Only 38% of physiatrists reported not becoming more callous toward patients. The top 3 causes of burnout identified by physiatrists were increasing regulatory demands, workload and job demands, and practice inefficiency and lack of resources. Higher burnout rate was associated with high levels of job stress and working more hours per week. Lower burnout rates were associated with higher job satisfaction, control over workload, professional values aligned with those of department leaders, and sufficient time for documentation. There was no significant association between burnout and sex, years in practice, practice focus, or practice area.ConclusionBurnout is a significant problem among PM&R physicians and is pervasive throughout the specialty. Opportunities exist to address major contributing drivers of burnout relating to practice patterns and efficiency of care within PM&R. These opportunities are, to varying degrees, under the control of hospital leaders, practice administrators, and practitioners.
Selling Peace: How to Frame a Serbia/Kosovo Deal in a Referendum
Authors: Damnjanović Kaja , Ejdus Filip , Pavlović Dušan , Tošković Oliver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAre referendum campaigns involving issues about sovereignty more likely to succeed if framed in a positive rather than a negative way? We ran a survey on a hypothetical referendum on a peace agreement between Serbia and Kosovo to answer this question, and we experimentally simulated both positive and negative frames. We found that the positive campaign frame, i.e. one that contains an invitation to support a lasting peace in the Balkans, economic prosperity, Serbia’s path to EU integration, and the protection of the Serbian population and cultural heritage in Kosovo, is more appealing than the negative one, which focuses on avoiding the risk of failure. Our finding contradicts previous works that relied on the prospect theory to argue that negatively framed messages can attract more attention because people try to avoid adverse outcomes. To explain our findings, we argue that positive referendum campaigns are more effective than negative ones when the reference point is low due to attributive framing.
Reproducing Hierarchies at the APSA Annual Meeting: Patterns of Panel Attendance by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M. , Xydias Christina , Atchison Amy L. , Och Malliga 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTResearch on the political science profession has shown that homophilous research networks—that is, those organized along the lines of gender and race/ethnicity—reproduce hierarchies. Research networks composed of white men experience the most prestige and lead to the most opportunities. This study documents homophilous networks in a setting where they likely are nurtured: academic conferences. Drawing data from the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, we examine the correspondence between the gender and the racial/ethnic composition of section members, panelists, and audience members for four research sections: Political Methodology; Political Psychology; Race, Ethnicity, and Politics; and Women and Politics. We find that attendees’ and panelists’ gender and racial/ethnic identity largely mirror the dominant gender and racial/ethnic group in their section. These findings indicate that homophily manifests at academic conferences and that efforts to diversify research networks should consider who listens to whom in these settings.
A qualitative examination of the implementation of a perinatal collaborative care program
Authors: Taple Bayley J. , Haldar Shefali , Tandon S. Darius , Reddy Madhu , Mohr David C. , Miller Emily S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim:
To identify implementation strategies for collaborative care (CC) that are successful in the context of perinatal care.

Background:
Perinatal depression is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. Although treating depressive symptoms reduces risks to mom and baby, barriers to accessing psychiatric treatment remain. CC has demonstrated benefit in primary care, expanding access, yet few studies have examined the implementation of CC in perinatal care which presents unique characteristics and challenges.

Methods:
We conducted qualitative interviews with 20 patients and 10 stakeholders from Collaborative Care Model for Perinatal Depression Support Services (COMPASS), a perinatal collaborative care (pCC) program implemented since 2017. We analyzed interview data by employing the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to organize empirically selected implementation strategies from Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) to create a guide for the development of pCC programs.

Findings:
We identified 14 implementation strategies used in the implementation of COMPASS. Strategies were varied, cutting across ERIC domains (eg, plan, educate, finance) and across EPIS contexts (eg, inner context – characteristics of the pCC program). The majority of strategies were identified by patients and staff as facilitators of pCC implementation. In addition, findings show opportunities for improving the implementation strategies used, such as optimal dissemination of educational materials for obstetric clinicians. The implementation of COMPASS can serve as a model for the process of building a pCC program. The identified strategies can support the implementation of this evidence-based practice for addressing postpartum depression.
Supporting general practitioners in the assessment and management of suicide risk in young people: an evaluation of an educational resource in primary care
Authors: Michail Maria , Cairns Aimee , Preece Emma , Mughal Faraz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim:
To conduct a local evaluation of the use of the educational resource: Suicide in Children and Young People: Tips for GPs, in practice and its impact on General Practitioners (GPs)’ clinical decision making.

Background:
This Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) resource was developed to support GPs in the assessment and management of suicide risk in young people.

Method:
The dissemination of the educational resource took place over a nine month period (February 2018–October 2018) across two Clinical Commissioning Groups in West Midlands. Subsequently, a survey questionnaire on GPs’ experiences of using the resource was sent to GPs in both Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs).

Findings:
Sixty-two GPs completed the survey: 21% reported that they had used the resource; most commonly for: (1) information; (2) assessing a young person; and (3) signposting themselves and young people to relevant resources. Five out of thirteen GPs (38.5%), who responded to the question about whether the resource had an impact on their clinical decision making, reported that it did; four (30.7%) responded that it did not; and four (30.7%) did not answer this question. Twenty out of thirty-two GPs (62.5%) agreed that suicide prevention training should be part of their NHS revalidation cycle. The generalizability of the findings is limited by the small sample size and possible response and social desirability bias. The survey questionnaire was not validated. Despite the limitations, this work can be useful in informing a future large-scale evaluation of the RCGP online resource to identify barriers and facilitators to its implementation.
Eight Archetypes of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Synergies and Trade‐Offs
Authors: Moallemi E. A. , Hosseini S. H. , Eker S. , Gao L. , Bertone E. , Szetey K. , Bryan B. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is contingent on managing complex interactions that create synergies and trade‐offs between different goals. It is, therefore, important to improve our understanding of them, their underlying causal drivers, future behaviors, and policy implications. Prominent methods of interaction analysis that focus on modeling or data‐driven statistical correlation are often insufficient for giving an integrated view of interaction drivers and their complexity. These methods are also usually too technically complex and heavily data‐driven to provide decision‐makers with simple practical tools and easily actionable and understandable results. Here, we introduce a flexible and practical systemic approach, termedarchetypeanalysis, that generalizes a number of recurring interaction patterns among the SDGs with unique drivers, behaviors, and policy implications. We review eight interaction archetypes as thinking aids to analyze some of the important synergies and trade‐offs, supported by several empirical examples related to the SDGs (e.g., poverty, food, well‐being, water, energy, housing, climate, and land use) to demonstrate how they can be operationalized in practice. The interaction archetypes are aimed to help researchers and policymakers as a diagnostic tool to identify fundamental mechanisms of barriers or policy resistance to SDG progress, a comparative tool to enhance knowledge transfer between different cases with similar drivers, and a prospective tool to design synergistic policies for sustainable development.
Gravity Wave Morphology During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Simulated by a Whole Neutral Atmosphere General Circulation Model
Authors: Watanabe S. , Koshin D. , Noguchi S. , Sato K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtmospheric gravity waves (GWs) during the February 2018 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event are simulated using the T639L340 whole neutral atmosphere general circulation model. Their characteristic morphology around the drastically evolving polar vortex is revealed by three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and ray‐tracing analyses. The 3D morphology of simulated GWs is described for the three key days that represent the pre‐SSW conditions, the mature stage for the vortex splitting, and the late SSW. The combination of strong winds along the polar vortex edge and underneath the tropospheric winds with similar wind directions consist of the deep waveguide for the upward‐propagating GWs, forming GW hot spots in the middle atmosphere. The GW hot spots associated with the development of the SSW are limited to North America and Greenland, and they include the typical upward‐propagating orographic GWs with relatively long vertical wavelengths. Different types of characteristic GW signatures are also recognized around the Canadian sub‐vortex (CV). GWs having short vertical wavelengths form near the surface and obliquely propagate over long distances along the CV winds. The non‐orographic GWs with short vertical wavelengths form in the middle stratosphere through the spontaneous adjustment of flow imbalance around the CV. Those GWs cyclonically ascend into the mesosphere along CV winds.
Trends, Variability, and Drivers of Flash Droughts in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Lesinger Kyle , Tian Di 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlash droughts are recently recognized subseasonal extreme climate phenomena, which develop with rapid onset and intensification and have significant socio‐environmental impacts. However, their historical trends and variability remain unclear largely due to the uncertainty associated with existing approaches. Here we comprehensively assessed trends, spatiotemporal variability, and drivers of soil moisture (SM) and evaporative demand (ED) flash droughts over the contiguous United States (CONUS) during 1981–2018 using hierarchical clustering, wavelet analysis, and bootstrapping conditional probability approaches. Results show that flash droughts occur in all regions in CONUS with Central and portions of the Eastern US showing the highest percentage of weeks in flash drought. ED flash drought trends are significantly increasing in all regions, while SM flash drought trends were relatively weaker across CONUS, with small significant increasing trends in the South and West regions and a decreasing trend in the Northeast. Rising ED flash drought trends are related to increasing temperature trends, while SM flash drought trends are strongly related to trends in weekly precipitation intensity besides weekly average precipitation and evapotranspiration. In terms of temporal variability, high severity flash droughts occurred every 2–7 years, corresponding with ENSO periods. For most CONUS regions, severe flash droughts occurred most often during La Niña and when the American Multidecadal Oscillation was in a positive phase. Pacific Decadal Oscillation negative phases and Artic Oscillation positive phases were also associated with increased flash drought occurrences in several regions. These findings may have implications for informing long‐term flash drought predictions and adaptations.
Accelerated forgetting of a trauma-like event in healthy men and women after a single dose of hydrocortisone
Authors: Hennessy Vanessa E. , Troebinger Luzia , Iskandar Georges , Das Ravi K. , Kamboj Sunjeev K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and altered glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. Early treatment with glucocorticoids may reduce PTSD risk, although the effect of such treatment on the aetiologically critical step of traumatic-memory-formation remains unclear. Here we examine the effects of exogenous cortisol (hydrocortisone) in a preclinical model of PTSD, using a factorial (Drug × Sex), randomised-controlled, double-blind design. Healthy men and women (n = 120) were randomised to receive 30 mg oral hydrocortisone or matched placebo immediately after watching a stressful film. Effects on film-related intrusions were assessed acutely in the lab, and ecologically using daily memory diaries for one week. We found that participants receiving hydrocortisone showed a faster reduction in daily intrusion frequency. Voluntary memory was assessed once, at the end of the week, but was unaffected by hydrocortisone. Exploratory analyses indicated sex-dependent associations between intrusions and baseline estradiol and progesterone levels. In men receiving hydrocortisone, higher baseline estradiol levels were associated with fewer intrusions, whereas women exhibited the opposite pattern. By contrast, progesterone levels were positively associated with intrusions only in men treated with hydrocortisone. The findings suggest that hydrocortisone promotes an accelerated degradation of sensory-perceptual representations underlying traumatic intrusive memories. In addition, while sex alone was not an important moderator, the combination of sex and sex-hormone levels (especially estradiol) influenced hydrocortisone’s effects on involuntary aversive memories. Future well-powered experimental studies may provide a basis for a precision-psychiatry approach to optimising early post-traumatic glucocorticoid treatments that target intrusive memories, based on individual endocrinological profiles.
Coherent terahertz radiation with 2.8-octave tunability through chip-scale photomixed microresonator optical parametric oscillation
Authors: Wang Wenting , Lu Ping-Keng , Vinod Abhinav Kumar , Turan Deniz , McMillan James F. , Liu Hao , Yu Mingbin , Kwong Dim-Lee , Jarrahi Mona , Wong Chee Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-spectral-purity frequency-agile room-temperature sources in the terahertz spectrum are foundational elements for imaging, sensing, metrology, and communications. Here we present a chip-scale optical parametric oscillator based on an integrated nonlinear microresonator that provides broadly tunable single-frequency and multi-frequency oscillators in the terahertz regime. Through optical-to-terahertz down-conversion using a plasmonic nanoantenna array, coherent terahertz radiation spanning 2.8-octaves is achieved from 330 GHz to 2.3 THz, with ≈20 GHz cavity-mode-limited frequency tuning step and ≈10 MHz intracavity-mode continuous frequency tuning range at each step. By controlling the microresonator intracavity power and pump-resonance detuning, tunable multi-frequency terahertz oscillators are also realized. Furthermore, by stabilizing the microresonator pump power and wavelength, sub-100 Hz linewidth of the terahertz radiation with 10−15 residual frequency instability is demonstrated. The room-temperature generation of both single-frequency, frequency-agile terahertz radiation and multi-frequency terahertz oscillators in the chip-scale platform offers unique capabilities in metrology, sensing, imaging and communications.
Structural basis of ion uptake in copper-transporting P1B-type ATPases
Authors: Salustros Nina , Grønberg Christina , Abeyrathna Nisansala S. , Lyu Pin , Orädd Fredrik , Wang Kaituo , Andersson Magnus , Meloni Gabriele , Gourdon Pontus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopper is essential for living cells, yet toxic at elevated concentrations. Class 1B P-type (P1B-) ATPases are present in all kingdoms of life, facilitating cellular export of transition metals including copper. P-type ATPases follow an alternating access mechanism, with inward-facing E1 and outward-facing E2 conformations. Nevertheless, no structural information on E1 states is available for P1B-ATPases, hampering mechanistic understanding. Here, we present structures that reach 2.7 Å resolution of a copper-specific P1B-ATPase in an E1 conformation, with complementing data and analyses. Our efforts reveal a domain arrangement that generates space for interaction with ion donating chaperones, and suggest a direct Cu+ transfer to the transmembrane core. A methionine serves a key role by assisting the release of the chaperone-bound ion and forming a cargo entry site together with the cysteines of the CPC signature motif. Collectively, the findings provide insights into P1B-mediated transport, likely applicable also to human P1B-members.
Spatial organization of olfactory receptor gene choice in the complete V1R-related ORA family of zebrafish
Authors: Kowatschew Daniel , Bozorg Nia Shahrzad , Hassan Shahzaib , Ustinova Jana , Weth Franco , Korsching Sigrun I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe vertebrate sense of smell employs four main receptor families for detection of odors, among them the V1R/ORA family, which is unusually small and highly conserved in teleost fish. Zebrafish possess just seven ORA receptors, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns of the entire family. The olfactory organ of zebrafish is representative for teleosts, cup-shaped, with lamella covered with sensory epithelium protruding into the cup from a median raphe. We have performed quantitative in situ hybridization on complete series of horizontal cryostat sections of adult zebrafish olfactory organ, and have analysed the location of ora-expressing cells in three dimensions, radial diameter, laminar height, and height-within-the-organ. We report broadly overlapping, but distinctly different distributions for all ora genes, even for ora3a and ora3b, the most recent gene duplication. Preferred positions in different dimensions are independent of each other. This spatial logic is very similar to previous reports for the much larger families of odorant receptor (or) and V2R-related olfC genes in zebrafish. Preferred positions for ora genes tend to be more central and more apical than those we observed for these other two families, consistent with expression in non-canonical sensory neuron types.