bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Religion, and Geopolitics: Dating and Romance Among South Asian Muslim Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Shams Tahseen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using the “complex religion” framework, this article shows the importance of religion while recognizing how race, national origin, and geopolitics shape how Muslims navigate their romantic lives. Based on 50 in-depth interviews of South Asian Muslim immigrants in Canada on interfaith and interracial romance, I show that taken-for-granted labels “Muslim” and “South Asian” are ambiguous even for the participants as they navigate the search for compatible partners. Race and ethnicity are important components alongside religion and sect that together give meaning to negotiations about who is a “real” Muslim. And despite a sense of panethnic desi groupness, religion, sect, and nationality create fissures that challenge and limit notions of brown solidarity on the ground, even for children of immigrants. Finally, I identify how another important yet overlooked dimension of Muslimness—global geopolitics—shapes participants’ romantic pursuits. Overall, this article problematizes current approaches to studying Muslim immigrant experiences in the West.
Protease Inhibitors from Solanum chacoense Inhibit Pectobacterium Virulence by Reducing Bacterial Protease Activity and Motility
Authors: Joshi Janak R. , Brown Kitty , Charkowski Amy O. , Heuberger Adam L. 
Published: June 2022

Potato is a major staple crop, and necrotrophic bacterial pathogens such as Pectobacterium spp. are a major threat to global food security. Most lines of cultivated potato ( Solanum tuberosum) are susceptible to Pectobacterium spp., but some lines of wild potato are resistant, including Solanum chacoense M6. Despite the discovery of resistance in wild potatoes, specific resistance genes are yet to be discovered. Crude protein extract from M6 had a global effect on Pectobacterium brasiliense Pb1692 (Pb1692) virulence phenotypes. Specifically, M6 protein extracts resulted in reduced Pectobacterium exo-protease activity and motility, induced cell elongation, and affected bacterial virulence and metabolic gene expression. These effects were not observed from protein extracts of susceptible potato S. tuberosum DM1. A proteomics approach identified protease inhibitors (PIs) as candidates for S. chacoense resistance, and genomic analysis showed higher abundance and diversity of PIs in M6 than in DM1. We cloned five PIs that are unique or had high abundance in M6 compared with DM1 and purified the proteins (g18987, g28531, g39249, g40384, g6571). Four of the PIs significantly reduced bacterial protease activity, with strongest effects from g28531 and g6571. Three PIs (g18987, g28531, g6571) inhibited disease when co-inoculated with Pectobacterium pathogens into potato tubers. Two PIs (g28531, g6571) also significantly reduced Pb1692 motility and are promising as resistance genes. These results show that S. chacoense PIs contribute to bacterial disease resistance by inhibiting exo-proteases, motility, and tuber maceration and by modulating cell morphology and metabolism. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Biological Response Dynamics to Cochlear Implantation: Modeling and Modulating the Electrode–Tissue Interface
Authors: Ausili Sebastian A. , Parreño Matias , Fernandez Florencia , Boccio Carlos M. , Di Lella Federico A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The present study primarily aims to study and model the impedance dynamics following cochlear implant (CI) surgery in humans. Secondarily, to observe how the modulation of a single-dose topic dexamethasone alters this response.

Design:
CI impedance and impedance subcomponents were measured in a day-by-day basis between CI surgery and its activation (

1 month). Impedance dynamics were mathematically modeled. Furthermore, we conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone application.

Results:
The model showed good fitting for all impedance’s measures and both modulations over time. The clinical impedance and impedance subcomponents showed different patterns between groups during the first week postimplantation. Single-dose topical dexamethasone had a transient effect on Impedances, postponing (for

3 days) but not preventing the rise in impedance and its application was mainly effective at the base of the cochlea.

Conclusions:
The proposed mathematical fitting properly resembles the impedance dynamics in humans and their modulation due to the dexamethasone. The impedance subcomponents’ dynamic pattern showed a time-course consistent with the biological processes of the foreign body reaction. Single-dose topic dexamethasone has a temporal reduction effect in impedance values on the basal turn of the cochlea but does not prevent the rise on the long-term.
A Time to Speak
Authors: Madden Melissa A. , McAlister Barbara S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
Incivility continues to create challenging work environments for healthcare workers. Nurses who experience incivility related to patient concerns or treatment often must confront power differentials and the fear of consequences if they speak up on behalf of the patient. This case report of a family's labor and delivery experience demonstrates the potential of harm to patients and long-term consequences of workplace incivility for the patient and the nurse. Moral courage and biblical insights to strengthen nurses' commitment to speak up for patients are discussed.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Milrinone and Levosimendan as Initial Inotrope Therapy in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Cui Xueyan , Wang Zhongsu , Dong Xue , Cheng Zijie , Zhang Le , Mu Yan , Huang Xin , Li Yan , Hong Yinglong , Han Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Levosimendan and milrinone are 2 effective inotropic drugs used to maintain cardiac output in acute heart failure (AHF). Using data from patients with AHF with and without abnormal renal function, we performed this single-center, retrospective cohort study to compare the effectiveness and safety of milrinone and levosimendan for the initial management of AHF. Patients admitted for heart failure between December 2016 and September 2019 who received levosimendan or milrinone as initial inotrope therapy in the cardiology department were identified. A total of 436 levosimendan and 417 milrinone patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥30 mL/min and 50 levosimendan and 71 milrinone patients with CrCl <30 mL/min or on dialysis were included. The primary outcome was a composite of changes in clinical status at 15 and 30 days after initial inotrope therapy discontinuation. Between subgroups of patients with CrCl ≥30 mL/min, there were no significant differences in primary outcomes; milrinone was associated with more frequent hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias during the infusion period (P < 0.01), while levosimendan was associated with more frequent cardiac arrhythmias within 48 hours after discontinuation (P < 0.05). Of the patients with CrCl <30 mL/min or on dialysis, more initial levosimendan than milrinone patients and those who switched to alternative inotropes experienced clinical worsening at 15 days and 30 days (P < 0.05). According to our results, patients with AHF with severe renal dysfunction should avoid initial inotrope therapy with levosimendan.
Histone Deacetylase 1 Depletion Alleviates Coronary Heart Disease Via the MicroRNA-182–Mediated Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Shengkai , Liu Peng , Zhang Guobao , Cheng Zhaoyun , Wang Sheng , Zhao Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) determines the acetylation status of histones, thereby regulating gene expression. HDAC inhibitors have been demonstrated to suppress cardiomyocyte growth in vitro and in vivo. We assessed here whether HDAC1 exerts an aggravating effect on coronary heart disease (CHD). Epigenetic probe array revealed that HDAC1 was overexpressed in patients with CHD. HDAC1 was then downregulated in rat cardiomyocytes, and microRNA microarray analysis was performed to detect downstream targets of HDAC1, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation validation. HDAC1 inhibited miR-182 expression through deacetylation. miR-182 was poorly expressed in patients with CHD. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, hematoxylin–eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)–mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling assay, and immunohistochemistry, we observed that HDAC1 downregulation promoted cardiac function, restored lipid levels, reduced myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors, and alleviated myocardial tissue damage and apoptosis in CHD rats. By contrast, miR-182 downregulation exacerbated injury in rats in the presence of HDAC1 knockdown. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-182 were mainly enriched in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway. Western blot also validated that HDAC1/miR-182 modulated the TGF-β/Smad pathway activity. Our results demonstrated that HDAC1 repressed miR-182 and activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway to promote CHD.
RETINAL VASCULAR BED AREA IN EYES WITH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION ON ULTRA-WIDEFIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Fan Wenying , Fleming Alan , Hemert Jano Van , Wykoff Charles C. , Brown David M. , Robertson Gavin , Wang Kang , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Sadda Srinivas R. , Ip Michael 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To compute retinal vascular bed area (RVBA) in square millimeters on distortion corrected ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography images in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods:
Prospective observational study. The peripheral distortion of baseline ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (Optos 200Tx) images of 30 patients with RVO from the WAVE study (NCT01710839) and 13 control eyes of normal subjects was corrected using the stereographic projection method to compute RVBA in square millimeters.

Results:
In comparison with age- and sex-matched normal control eyes, eyes with RVO had a decreased global RVBA for the entire retina (50.5 ± 20.4 mm2 vs. 62.6 ± 12.2 mm2, P = 0.023). Eyes with RVO and the unaffected fellow eye had a similar RVBA globally (50.5 ± 20.4 mm2 vs. 46.2 ± 18.9 mm2, P = 0.523). The RVBA was observed to negatively correlate with nonperfusion area (R = −0.47, P = 0.009). However, RVBA was not related to the severity of macular edema (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Eyes with RVO have a similar RVBA to the unaffected fellow eyes but with a reduction when compared with normal control eyes. Retinal vascular bed area appears to be a surrogate biomarker of retinal ischemia on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography but not the extent of macular edema.
Clinical Impact of Biotyping of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates From Health Care–Associated Infections Using MALDI-TOF-MS
Authors: Antonios Manal A.M. , Raouf May Moheb , Ghoniem Shaimaa Abdelwahab , Hassan Eman Hamza 
Published: June 2022

Background
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has revolutionized the identification of bacteria as being rapid reliable and cost-effective. This study aimed to assess MALDI-TOF-MS–based proteomic typing patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae and interpret it with the clinical data of the studied cases.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was carried out over a period of 6 months in a tertiary pediatric university hospital. Hospital-associated infections were identified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definitions. Identification and antimicrobial resistance pattern were investigated. MALDI-TOF-MS was used for assessment of relatedness of the most frequent organism isolated.

Results
Fifty patients developed 64 hospital-associated infection episodes with 72 strains isolated. Pneumonia accounted for (39.1%) followed by bloodstream infection (34.4%) and urinary tract infections (26.6%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most common isolated pathogens in all episodes (70.8%, n = 51/72); K. pneumoniae accounted for almost half of them (25/51 isolates). Principal component analysis dendrogram categorized Klebsiella strains into 4 distinct subgroups at a cutoff value of 0.85. Clinical comparison showed that there is diversity in the severity and fatality between the 2 most prevalent subtypes.

Conclusions
MALDI-TOF-MS proteome profiling is not only a breakthrough for routine identification and biotyping of microorganisms but might also offer a fast and valuable tool to support microbiologists during nosocomial infections.
Tocilizumab Treatment Reduces Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a New York City Hospital
Authors: Saliaj Merjona , Li Matthew , Rizzo Vincent , Nassar Mahmoud , Nso Nso , Idrees Zarwa , Medina Luis A. , Novikov Anastasia , Yaghi Salim , Cuevas Francisco J. , Salafia Carolyn M. , Razaki Hamid , Berman Charles , Sachmechi Issac , Trandafirescu Theo , Brennessel Debra , Martin George T. , Mantis Jazila 
Published: June 2022

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the potential of tocilizumab therapy in minimizing mortality and mechanical ventilation (MV) requirements among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of 375 patients with severe COVID-19 (from March 1 to April 22, 2020) included 150 patients treated with tocilizumab and 225 consecutive control patients adjusted for age and sex. Both groups received concomitant standard of care treatments in addition to tocilizumab. The statistical methods relied on survival analyses, conditional logistic regression models, and contingency analyses. The outcomes included in-hospital mortality and the MV requirement.

Results
Tocilizumab associated with improved in-hospital mortality (34.7% vs 46.7%, P = 0.0136) and lower requirement for MV on days 1, 3, and 5 after treatment (P = 0.005, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0021, respectively). Lower mortality was observed if tocilizumab was administered within 48 hours after admission (P = 0.0226). Older age and low blood oxygen saturation on admission decreased the odds of survival (P < 0.005).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a significant reduction in mortality and decreased requirement of MV with tocilizumab treatment in addition to the standard of care. Early administration of tocilizumab within 48 hours reduces the risk of mortality.
Goat Milk Based Infant Formula in Newborns: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial on Growth and Safety.
Authors: He T. , Woudstra F. , Panzer F. , Haandrikman A. , Verkade HJ , van Lee L. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to determine the growth and safety parameters in newborns fed a goat milk based infant formula (GMF) using a randomized double-blind trial, in which a cow milk formula (CMF) served as a control and a breast fed (BF) group as a reference.

Methods:
Healthy term infants (n = 218) aged up to 14 days were recruited from 25 European study centers and randomized to GMF or CMF. Weight, length, head circumference were measured at baseline, and at 14, 28, 56, 84, and 112 days at the study clinics. Adverse events were recorded and stool characteristics, reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were self-reported by parents in 3-day diaries. Anthropometric measurements were transformed to WHO standardized age- and sex-adjusted z-scores. Analyses of covariance and linear mixed modeling were used to statistically analyze growth, while adjusting for potential confounders when studying the breast-fed group (n = 86).

Results:
Comparing the GMF to the CMF group, weight gain [mean difference 227.8 g (95% CI −16.6 to −439.0)] and z-scores for anthropometric measurements were similar after 112 days intervention. Infant formula groups showed greater mean (SD) weight z-scores than the BF group from 84 days onwards (GMF: 0.28 (0.84), CMF: 0.12 (0.88), BF −0.19 (1.02), P < 0.05), whereas length and head circumference z-scores were similar. Incidences of serious adverse events and reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were similar among the three groups.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate that GMF provides adequate growth, has a good tolerability, and is safe to use in infants.
An Innovative Approach to Teaching Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Waszak Daria L. , Stec Melissa , Martini Kady , Mihal Christine C. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
An innovative remote learning intervention, PICO Pal, was implemented with groups of undergraduate nursing students in a nursing research course to promote interactive learning, collaboration, and information literacy.

Problem:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a challenging topic to teach nursing students, especially in a remote learning environment.

Approach:
PICO Pal used Apple Numbers to facilitate remote group work on a PICOT poster. The approach was evaluated using pre- and posttest surveys with 50 undergraduate nursing students at a small private university in New Jersey.

Outcomes:
The evaluation showed positive perceptions of the assignment and gains with knowledge of EBP. However, there were no gains in the perceptions of group work.

Conclusions:
The assignment was effective at teaching aspects of the EBP process but should be reevaluated to maximize group work dynamics and comfort with use of technology.
Simulated Home Visit to Promote Chronic Disease Management Competencies in Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Perry Julie , Powers S. Cole , Haskell Brittany , Plummer Carrie 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Conducting a best possible medication history (BPMH), while using effective patient communication skills, falls within the nursing scope of practice and is recommended at all care levels. Nursing students should be taught these skills before entering clinical practice, but evidence about effective teaching strategies is limited.

Approach:
A standardized patient-facilitated home visit simulation was utilized in a prelicensure nursing program to practice a BPMH while using effective patient communication skills.

Outcomes:
All students correctly identified medications listed on the patient history, and most identified omitted medications (90.1%), transposed medications (91.6%), and incorrect medication usage (91.6%). All students demonstrated effective patient communication skills—using open-ended questions and inquiring about medication usage.

Conclusion:
Incorporating a standardized patient-facilitated home visit BPMH simulation allows students the opportunity to practice and achieve BPMH competency essential for nurses.
The Utilization of Critical Care Resources in Pediatric Neurocritical Care Patients*
Authors: DeSanti Ryan L. , Balakrishnan Binod , Rice Tom B. , Pineda Jose A. , Ferrazzano Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To define the prevalence of neurologic diagnoses and evaluate the utilization of critical care and neurocritical care (NCC) resources among children admitted to the PICU.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort analysis.

SETTING:
Data submitted to the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS) database.

PATIENTS:
All children entered in VPS during 2016 (January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS and MAIN RESULTS:
There were 128,688 patients entered into VPS and were comprised of 24.3% NCC admissions and 75.7% general PICU admissions. The NCC cohort was older, represented more scheduled admissions, and was more frequently admitted from the operating room. The NCC cohort also experienced a greater decline in prehospitalization to posthospitalization functional status and required more frequent use of endotracheal intubation, arterial lines, and foley catheters but had an overall shorter duration of PICU and hospital length of stay with a higher mortality rate. One thousand seven hundred fifteen patients at 12 participating institutions were entered into a novel, pilot NCC module evaluating sources of secondary neurologic injury. Four hundred forty-eight patients were manually excluded by the data entrant, leaving 1,267 patients in the module. Of the patients in the module, 75.8% of patients had a NCC diagnosis as their primary diagnosis; they experienced a high prevalence of pathophysiologic events associated with secondary neurologic insult (ranging from hyperglycemia at 10.5% to hyperthermia at 36.8%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In children admitted to a VPS-contributing PICU, a diagnosis of acute neurologic disease was associated with greater use of resources. We have identified the most common etiologies of acute neurologic disease in the 2016 VPS cohort, and such admissions were associated with significant decrease in functional status, as well as an increase in mortality.
Feasibility of a patient-centered method to determine meaningful change in pain intensity on a survey of patients with a history of cancer
Authors: Jones Salene M.W. , Unger Joseph M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Current methods of determining minimally important differences (MIDs) in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) do not incorporate individual patient values.

Objectives:
This study tested the feasibility of having cancer patients define a personally meaningful change in pain intensity, a method we have termed Precision PROs.

Methods:
Adults with cancer and pain (n = 231) completed an electronic questionnaire twice over 2 weeks. Participants were then given their pain intensity scores with an explanation of score meaning. Participants then defined their own MIDs for an increase and decrease in pain intensity. Participants also answered 3 questions testing their understanding of the MID concept.

Results:
The majority of participants could define an individually meaningful increase (97% [n = 223]) and individually meaningful decrease (98% [n = 226]) in pain intensity. Seventy-two percent of participants (n = 166) answered all test questions correctly and 26% (n = 60) answered 2 of 3 correctly. Using the individual MID, 32% (95% CI: 25.3, 40.0) of the sample experienced a meaningful change between the 2 surveys, more than other methods (z-test: 14%, 95% CI: 9.4, 20.6; distribution-based method: 24%, 95% CI: 17.7, 31.1).

Conclusions:
This study showed the feasibility of the Precision PRO individual MID, which could be used in clinical care or clinical trials. Further studies are needed to compare the individual MID to current methods.