bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water use partitioning of native and non‐native tree species in riparian ecosystems under contrasting climatic conditions
Authors: Granda Elena , Antunes Cristina , Máguas Cristina , Castro‐Díez Pilar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

One of the suggested mechanisms behind the success of non‐native plants in recipient ecosystems is competition avoidance with natives by means of different resource‐use strategies, such as deeper water uptake under dry conditions.

We aimed at evaluating water source partitioning between native and non‐native tree species coexisting in central Spain floodplains; determining the dependency on drought stress of such water sources use; and assessing if the reliance on deeper water sources relates with physiological and growth performance.

We assessed water uptake depth, leaf functional traits related to physiological performance and growth of native (Populus alba) and non‐native trees (Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia) coexisting in riparian forests under different drought conditions (drier, intermediate and wetter). We analysed δ2H and δ18O isotopes in xylem water and in soil water from top, mid and deep soil depths and determined the contribution of each water source to overall plant xylem water. Leaf traits related with resource use and secondary growth were assessed for each species.

We found stronger differences between sites than between species, with all species taking more deep water in the driest site (~45% of the xylem water) than in the wettest (~15%). However, under drier conditions, species differences were significant for top‐soil water use, with R. pseudocacia withdrawing more superficial water (~22%) than A. altissima (~8%). These results indicate stronger water partitioning under drier conditions. Non‐native species showed a physiological strategy characterized by greater leaf N, water content, and enriched δ13C and δ15N values independently of the deep‐water uptake. However, a positive relationship between deep soil water use and such strategy was found for P. alba.

We highlight that those native and non‐native species differences were more evident regarding physiological performance at leaf level than for deep‐water uptake or growth. Furthermore, our results suggest that differences in water sources used by coexisting species may increase under drier conditions.

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How should we interpret lactate in labour? A reference study
Authors: Dockree Samuel , O'Sullivan Joseph , Shine Brian , James Tim , Vatish Manu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate maternal lactate concentrations in labour and the puerperium.DesignReference study.SettingTertiary obstetric unit.Population1279 pregnant women with good perinatal outcomes at term.MethodsElectronic patient records were searched for women who had lactate measured on the day of delivery or in the following 24 hours, but who were subsequently found to have a very low likelihood of sepsis, based on their outcomes.Main outcome measuresThe normative distribution of lactate and C‐reactive protein (CRP), differences according to the mode of birth, and the proportion of results above the commonly used cut‐offs (≥2 and ≥4 mmol/l).ResultsLactate varied between 0.4–5.4 mmol/l (median 1.8 mmol/l, interquartile range [IQR] 1.3–2.5). It was higher in women who had vaginal deliveries than caesarean sections (median 1.9 vs. 1.6 mmol/l, pdiff < 0.001), demonstrating the association with labour (particularly active pushing in the second stage). In contrast, CRP was more elevated in women who had caesarean sections (median 71.8 mg/l) than those who had vaginal deliveries (33.4 mg/l, pdiff < 0.001). In total, 40.8% had a lactate ≥2 mmol/l, but 95.3% were <4 mmol/l.ConclusionsLactate in labour and the puerperium is commonly elevated above the levels expected in healthy pregnant or non‐pregnant women. There is a paucity of evidence to support using lactate or CRP to make decisions about antibiotics around the time of delivery but, as lactate is rarely higher than 4 mmol/l, this upper limit may still represent a useful severity marker for the investigation and management of sepsis in labour.
The repeatability of standard cranial measurements on dry bones and MSCT images
Authors: Jerković Ivan , Bašić Željana , Bareša Tina , Krešić Elvira , Hadžić Anita Adamić , Dolić Krešimir , Ćavar Borić Marija , Budimir Mršić Danijela , Čavka Mislav , Šlaus Mario , Primorac Dragan , Anđelinović Šimun , Kružić Ivana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examined if the cranial measurements from Data Collection Procedures for Forensic Skeletal Material 2.0 are repeatable when measured in dry bones and MSCT images and if the virtual measurements correspond to the physical ones. The sample included 33 dry crania imaged by MSCT. Two observers measured dry bones, two placed landmarks on 2D and 3D MSCT reconstructions, and one conducted measurements/landmarking on both media. One of the observers for each media repeated the measurements. Technical and relative technical error of measurement (TEM and rTEM) and percentage differences were calculated to examine the repeatability of measurements and compare measuring modalities. Intraobserver rTEM was above 1.5% for six bone measurements: FOB, ZOB, OBB, NLH, DKB, MDH (1.51%–4.87%) and for seven MSCT measurements: OBH, FOB, OBB, MDH, NLB, ZOB, DKB (1.57%–5.55%). The interobserver rTEM was above the acceptable level (>2%) for 11 measurements: PAC, NLH, OBB, EKB, MAL, FOB, NLB, OBH, ZOB, DKB, and MDH (2.01%–9.34%). The percentage differences were not systematically larger for measurements taken by the same user on both modalities than those obtained by different users on the same modality. When physical and MSCT measurements were tested on sex classification standards, the proportion of crania classified as male or female did not significantly differ (p > 0.05). The study showed that physical and virtual cranial measurements could be interchangeable for developing or applying sex estimation standards. However, clarifications and adaptations are necessary for measurements of mastoid, nasal, and orbital regions that did not meet the standard criteria.
Spindle‐E is essential for gametogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Chen Kai , Yang Xu , Yang Dehong , Huang Yongping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a defense mechanism against transposable elements, the PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway maintains genomic integrity and ensures proper gametogenesis in gonads. Numerous factors are orchestrated to ensure normal operation of the piRNA pathway. Spindle‐E (Spn‐E) gene was one of the first genes shown to participate in the piRNA pathway. In this study, we performed functional analysis of Spn‐E in the model lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori. Unlike the germline‐specific expression pattern observed in Drosophila and mouse, BmSpn‐E was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, and it was highly expressed in gonads. Immunofluorescent staining showed that BmSpn‐E was localized in both germ cells and somatic cells in ovary and was expressed in spermatocytes in testis. We used a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct BmSpn‐E mutants. Loss of BmSpn‐E expression caused derepression of transposons in gonads. We also found that mutant gonads were much smaller than wild‐type gonads and that the number of germ cells was considerably lower in mutant gonads. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis and TUNEL staining revealed that apoptosis was greatly enhanced in mutant gonads. Further, we found that the BmSpn‐E mutation impacted gonadal development and gametogenesis at the early larval stage. In summary, our data provided the first evidence that BmSpn‐E plays vital roles in gonadal development and gametogenesis in B. mori.
Haitaite‐(La), LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)Σ18O38, a New Member of the Crichtonite Group
Authors: WANG Fenggang , FAN Guang , LI Ting , GE Xiangkun , WU Yu , WANG Tao , YAO Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHaitaite‐(La), (La, Ce)(U4+, U6+, Fe2+)(Fe3+, Al)2(Ti, Fe2+, Fe3+)18O38, is a new member of the crichtonite group. It is named after the Haita Village in the Miyi County of Sichuan Province, China, where the mineral was discovered. The mineral occurs as black opaque centimeter‐sized aggregates in the external contact zone between the Neoproterozoic (∼800 Ma) alkali feldspar granite and the Mesoproterozoic (∼1700 Ma) micaschist. In the studied sample, haitaite‐(La) is associated with other minerals, including ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, zircon, brannerite and uraninite. The new mineral is a black, metallic phase and has a Mohs hardness of 6, with a density of 4.99 g/cm3 (calculated) and 5.03 g/cm3 (measured). Haitaite‐(La) is opaque in transmitted light and grayish‐white under reflected light, with a reflectivity between 22.5% and 16.42% in the 400–700 nm band (SiC, in the air). The compositions of the mineral were measured by EPMA, the U4+/U6+ ratio was determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Haitaite‐(La) is trigonal, belongs to and has unit‐cell parameters a = 10.3678(5) Å, c = 20.8390(11) Å, V = 1939.9(2) Å3, Z = 3. The crystalline structure is composed of octahedra with 9 layers of close‐packed octahedra (M1, M3, M4, M5), tetrahedra (M2) and contains large 12‐coordinated M0 sites.
Cycling Without Age: An Australian residential aged care home experience
Authors: Cyarto Elizabeth V. , Dickins Marissa , Meyer Claudia , Lowthian Judy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveCycling Without Age (CWA) involves taking residents on outdoor trishaw (electric bicycle) rides driven by trained ‘pilots’. This study explored the CWA experience from the perspective of residents and family members, staff and volunteer pilots from a residential aged care home in Queensland, Australia.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used. Interviews were conducted with 21 participants. Transcripts were analysed thematically, with the interview questions determining a priori categories followed by coding of central themes.ResultsSeveral themes emerged. For residents, seeing familiar places prompted reminiscences, and being outdoors elicited positive emotions. Family members reported CWA was a novel way to be with their loved one. Enabling residents to have time away from the care home with community contact was rewarding for pilots. Staff noted improvement in residents' mood post‐ride, however, rides needed to be scheduled to fit in with their workflow.ConclusionsCycling Without Age was perceived to offer a unique and meaningful experience, with benefits including sharing stories, being outside, and feeling part of the community.
COVID‐19 susceptibility in endometriosis patients: A case control study
Authors: Barretta Marta , Savasta Federica , Pietropaolo Giuliana , Barbasetti Allegra , Barbera Valeria , Vignali Michele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProblemStarting from November 2019, the world has had to face a devastating pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. Various studies have identified potential risk factors facilitating the infection, however it has not been demonstrated whether endometriosis might represent one of them.The purpose of this study was to evaluate if patients with endometriosis had a higher risk of contracting COVID‐19 infection and, in such case, whether they developed a more severe infection than the general population. Furthermore, this study evaluated the possible correlation with the stage of endometriosis, based on the r‐ASRM score, and the potential worsening of the disease during the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Method of studyA case‐control study was conducted from March 2020 to April 2021 at Macedonio Melloni Hospital, in Milan. A total of 401 women were recruited. The cases were 201 women with clinical or surgical diagnosis of endometriosis. The control group consisted of 200 women, without the disease. All women completed a self‐administered questionnaire which evaluated their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as a potential diagnosis of Covid‐19.ResultsComparison between the two groups showed that women with endometriosis had a higher frequency of COVID‐19 than the control subjects (23% vs. 13.5%, P = .014), with a greater prevalence of fever (14.4% vs. 6%, P = .008) and myalgias or arthralgias (11.4% vs. 4.5%, P = .01).In multivariable logistic regression analyses, women with endometriosis had a higher risk of contracting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (OR = 2.11, 95% IC: 1.20–3.80), regardless the stage of the disease.ConclusionEndometriosis increases the susceptibility to COVID‐19, and women who suffer from it should be considered as fragile patients, worthy of prior access to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination campaign.
Technology and technique for left ventricular assist device optimization: A Bi‐Tech solution
Authors: Tarzia Vincenzo , Ponzoni Matteo , Giammarco Gabriele Di , Maccherini Massimo , Maiani Massimo , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Bagozzi Lorenzo , Marinelli Daniele , Apostolo Anna , Bernazzali Sonia , Ortis Helena , Mauro Michele Di , Bortolussi Giacomo , Sani Guido , Bottio Tomaso , Scuri Silvia , Livi Ugolino , Alamanni Francesco , Gerosa Gino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the synergistic effect of the new cone‐bearing design of Jarvik 2000 (Jarvik Heart Inc., NY) together with a minimally‐invasive approach to outcomes of LVAD patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients from 5 institutions involved in the Jarvik 2000 Italian Registry, from October 2008 to October 2016. Patients were divided into three groups according to pump design and implantation technique: pin‐bearing design and conventional approach (Group 1); cone‐bearing and conventional approach (Group 2); cone‐bearing and minimally‐invasive implantation (Group 3).ResultsA total of 150 adult patients with end‐stage heart failure were enrolled: 26 subjects in Group 1, 74 in Group 2, and 50 in Group 3. Nineteen patients (73%) in Group 1, 51 (69%) in Group 2, and 36 (72%) in Group 3 were discharged. During follow‐up, 22 patients underwent transplantation, while in 3 patients the LVAD was explanted. The overall 1‐year survival was 58 ± 10%, 64 ± 6%, and 74% ± 7% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.034). The competing‐risks‐adjusted cumulative incidence rate for adverse events was 42.1 [27–62.7] per 100 patient‐years in Group 1, 35.4 [25.3–48.2] in Group 2, and 22.1 [12.4–36.4] in Group 3 (p = 0.046 for Group 1 vs. 3).ConclusionsThe association of the modern cone‐bearing configuration of Jarvik 2000 and minimally invasive surgery improved survival and minimized the risk for cardiovascular events, as a result of combining technology and technique.
Development of a Touchable Replica for Inclusive Experiences of Religious Artifacts
Authors: Melendreras Ruiz Rafael , Marín Torres María Teresa , Sánchez Allegue Paloma 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to introduce a first inclusive experience in a conventional museum that so far only exhibits religious sculptures and its evaluation by blind and partially sighted persons. For this reason, it was decided to develop a multisensory experience aimed at blind and partially sighted people, taking advantage of the potential of new 3D scanning and printing technologies. The experience is centered on a touchable replica of the bust of the Cristo de la Sangre, a masterpiece of the Baroque highly revered in Murcia. The complete process of the development of the replica is shown, form design and manufacturing, both combining technology and tradition. Apart from touch sense, the experience incorporates detailed audio descriptions and smells, to provide valuable extra information. Also, radio mobile technologies such as beacons, are used for guiding purposes. Blind and partially sighted people play an active role in this project, both in the design and validation of the experiences.
针对老年人的博物馆活动研究与综述
Authors: 敏 梁 
Published: July 2022

摘要在美国和其他国家, 老年人在人口中的占比越来越大。但是, 博物馆专业人员普遍更擅长策划和评估针对年轻人的活动。本文对老年人活动研究和描述进行综述, 从而为博物馆专业人员提供活动开发、改进和评估的范本。通过梳理过去30年的信息, 审阅142项活动的来源、环境、受众、方法、类型和效果, 作者归纳出五种主要活动类型, 分别是: 回忆活动、基于实物的活动、艺术活动、讲故事活动和讲座活动, 同时发现了诸多对参与者的益处。老年人活动最常见的效果是增加社交和改善情绪。综述结果显示, 许多对博物馆活动策划和研究有借鉴意义的老年人活动案例都来自于健康行业。本文也讨论了这些活动对博物馆研究和实践的启示。
以課程為基礎的互動式展覽設計與家庭學習經驗: 台北蘇荷兒童美術館個案研究
Authors: Lee Tiffany Shuang‐Ching 
Published: July 2022

摘要「實作學習」和「遊戲學習」兩個關鍵詞，是博物館用以描述專門為兒童及家庭所設計的互動式學習環境。以台北蘇荷兒童美術館⟨CAMIT⟩「角度大不同⟨A Vastly Different Perspective⟩」展覽做為個案進行研究，本研究檢視此兒童美術館如何設計互動式展覽，以及參觀者的學習經驗。本研究顯示，對CAMIT設計團隊而言，最具挑戰性的問題是如何將美術教室中呈現的藝術概念加以轉譯成為互動美術展場的經驗。本研究進一步顯示，家長在展場中擔任「 學習者」和學習「促進者」角色，這兩個角色在參觀過程中會彈性地轉換。 本研究結論建議兩個面向，值得CAMIT及與其相似的兒童互動展場在未來加以關注: 第一，測試新的展覽設計策略，幫助兒童與其家庭能夠在展場中更投入參與。第二，實驗新的輔助方式，幫助家長能夠促進他們的孩子在互動展場中的學習。
Substance use in the emergency department: Screening for risky drug use, using the ASSIST‐Lite
Authors: Stevens Matthew W. R. , Harland Jennifer , Alfred Sam , Ali Robert L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use is a common contributing factor to emergency department (ED) presentations. While screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol and tobacco is common in ED settings, it is not routinely conducted for illicit substances. This study aimed to deploy the ASSIST‐Lite to screen for risky use of alcohol and other drugs in the ED, to identify differences in risk based on between demographic characteristics.MethodAll ED attenders, aged 18 years or older, deemed well enough to participate were approached. Recruitment occurred at the Royal Adelaide Hospital ED between May and June 2017. Participants were asked to self‐complete the ASSIST‐Lite in the ED waiting room. Overall, 632 people were approached, of which 479 (75.8%) agreed to participate.ResultsAlcohol (72.2%), tobacco (27.1%) and cannabis (15.2%) were most commonly reported. Eighty‐nine participants reported moderate‐ or high‐risk use of two substances, and a further 49 individuals reported moderate‐ or high‐risk use of three or more substances. Across most substances, age, gender and employment status was associated with risky substance use, with higher likelihood of risk reported by males, unemployed and younger participants. Unemployment was also significantly associated with increased risk severity for both moderate and high‐risk illicit use.Discussions and ConclusionsThe rate of risky illicit and polysubstance use found here highlight the need more focused research in ED settings. The findings also provide support for more routine screening, and early intervention approaches; and suggest the need for active referral pathways through an alcohol and other drug consultation liaison service.
Improved K‐means algorithm for clustering non‐spherical data
Authors: He Honglei , He Yuxuan , Wang Fang , Zhu Wenming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs one of the commonly used data mining algorithms, K‐means has the advantage of fast clustering speed, but the disadvantage is that it is less effective for clustering non‐spherical data. An improved K‐means algorithm (IK‐means) is proposed to enhance clustering efficiency for non‐spherical data. The original dataset is clustered into a relatively larger number of high‐density sub‐clusters, and the final result is obtained by merging connected sub‐clusters respectively. The connectivity among sub‐clusters is evaluated by the sub‐clusters density and the nearest distance class between sub‐clusters. By testing on University of California, Irvine(UCI) datasets and several other artificial simulation datasets, the comparison of proposed IK‐means algorithm against DBSCAN, KGFCM shows its clustering capability for data of arbitrary shape. The clustering Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) value for 72,000 sizes data is 24% higher than DBSCAN, and 95.2% higher than KGFCM. For larger datasets, the IK‐means algorithm is faster than DBSCAN and KGFCM.
Impact of medication reviews on drug‐related problems (DRPs) in older patients living in nursing homes in West Occitania
Authors: Zacarin Alice , Gonzales Cyrielle , Nigon Delphine , Piau Antoine , Bagheri Haleh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite several guidelines for preventing potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older, their prescription rates remain high (25%). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of medication reviews (MRs) on the drug‐related problems (DRPs) in older patients in Elderly Residential Care Homes (nursing homes [NHs]). DRP was defined as an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. We conducted a retrospective study on 2819 residents of the 46 NHs between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Drug prescription was analysed according to European EU(7)‐PIM list and START/STOPP list. We then linked each PIM to an appropriate type of DRP. Three months later, we requested the ‘updated’ drug prescriptions to assess whether the recommendations had been followed. A total of 17 850 prescription lines were registered. A DRP was identified for 25% of them. Following the second request, 13 NHs (28%) responded. About 26% (n = 1188) of the overall prescriptions lines identified as a DRP involved these 13 NHs, which resulted in a recommendation being made during the first MR. Data from the second MR suggested that 53.9% (n = 640) of recommendations were followed with the requested change: 32.0% involved drug withdrawal (n = 381), 9.7% concerned dose adjustment (n = 115) and 6.5% required drug changes (n = 77). Our results show the benefit impact of MR on the quality of drug prescription in older NH residents. MRs should be one of the tools used to improve drug prescriptions in the elderly.