bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of a mobile sensing application to characterize community integration among homeless‐experienced veterans
Authors: Harris Taylor , Gabrielian Sonya , Ilagan Brian , Olsen Megan K. , Green Michael F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMobile sensing applications that collect active, Ecological Momentary Assessment data, and passive, Global Positioning System data provide reliable, longitudinal assessments of community integration. Ensuring their acceptability by vulnerable populations is warranted. Acceptability‐related perceptions of a mobile sensing application were gathered via focus groups with homeless‐experienced Veterans with serious mental illness (n = 19) and individual interviews with providers (n = 5) to inform subsequent application tailoring and testing. Rapid assessment generated structured summaries and matrix analyses integrated participant data. Active data collection was deemed noninvasive, with more concerns of passive data “ending up in the wrong hands.” Providers recommended clear descriptions and promotion of choice to navigate privacy concerns and guardedness. Participants felt the application possessed clinical value for enhancing patient‐provider interactions and community integration efforts. Overall, participants found application features acceptable and expressed Veterans’ willingness to engage in research using mobile sensing technology. Recommendations to enhance acceptability are discussed.
Effect of addition of Ca2+ to titanium by a hydrothermal method on soft tissue sealing
Authors: Fu Zhendi , Deng Xuehua , Fang Xiaodan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe long‐term stability of implants requires good peri‐implant soft tissue sealing. Calcium ion (Ca2+) was loaded onto titanium surface by a hydrothermal method. In vitro, the morphology and composition of titanium surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy; proliferation of hGF‐1 cells was measured by the CCK‐8 assay; immunofluorescence staining was done to detect adherent proteins on titanium surface. In vivo, the degree of attachment between the implant and the surrounding soft tissue was measured by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The percentage of hGF‐1 cells adhering in the Ca group was significantly higher (p < .01); the fluorescence of integrin‐β1 and F‐actin in the Ca group was stronger; Ca group had the shorter length of HRP (p < .01). Ca2+ can be added to the surface of titanium by a hydrothermal method and it will be more beneficial for soft tissue early sealing.Highlights
A simple method to form micron crystals on titanium surface.
The micron crystal promotes the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts.
Facilitates early and rapid formation of soft‐tissue sealing around implants.
Nitrate losses and nitrous oxide emissions under contrasting tillage and cover crop management
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , Emmett Bryan D. , Malone Robert W. , Nunes Márcio R. , Kovar John L. , Kaspar Thomas C. , Moorman Thomas B. , Jaynes Dan B. , Parkin Timothy B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgroecosystems in the upper Mississippi River Basin are highly productive but often contribute to deterioration of water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Cover cropping and no‐till are conservation strategies implemented to reduce the environmental impact of these agroecosystems. However, using multiple strategies can lead to systemwide interactions that are not fully understood. These interactions can affect not only environmental quality metrics, such as subsurface drainage nitrate losses or nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but also may influence crop production potential. A field trial was initiated comparing nitrate losses, N2O emissions, and crop production under systems with fall chisel plow tillage, fall chisel plow tillage with an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop (CP‐oat), no‐till (NT), no‐till with a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (NT‐rye), and NT with zero N fertilizer. Pathways for nitrate losses and N2O emissions did not appear linked and were not tied to cover crop or tillage practices. Nitrate losses were linked with drainage volumes, and cover crops and tillage had limited effect on cumulative drainage volumes. Notably, NT‐rye altered the relationship between drainage volume and nitrate losses by reducing nitrate concentrations, lowering nitrate losses by 59 ±9% compared with CP‐oat and 67 ± 9% compared with NT. Neither cover crop nor tillage consistently affected N2O emissions or crop yield. Rather, N2O emissions were closely tied with fertilizer N application and seasonal weather patterns. These findings indicate that nitrate leaching and N2O emissions are regulated by separate mechanisms, so conservation management may require stacking multiple practices to be effective.
How can we create a diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace in society without the voice of disability? Lessons from Ghana
Authors: Nkansah‐Dwamena Ernest 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Africa, the work experiences of disabled people can help employers and the government build more inclusive workplaces. Nonetheless, research exploring disabled people's work experiences at various employment stages is limited, particularly in Africa. The study applies ethnographic research methods to examine the work experience of those with visual, speech, hearing, mobility and psychological disabilities in Ghana. Data were coded and analysed using content and descriptive methods. The findings suggest that disabled people face several barriers, including inadequate accommodation, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination and poor performance evaluation at work. This paper argues that transformational leadership is a prerequisite for African governments and private sector employers seeking to improve the workplace environment and build an inclusive culture within these spaces.
Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with diverse health conditions: A comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Cho Kyuyeon , Park Seoyeon , Kim Eun‐Young , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Yon Dong K. , Lee Seung Won , Kim Min Seo , Radua Joaquim , Elena Dragioti , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear how effective COVID‐19 vaccinations will be in patients with weakened immunity due to diseases, transplantation, and dialysis. We conducted a systematic review comparing the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with solid tumor, hematologic malignancy, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and patients who received transplantation or dialysis. A literature search was conducted twice using the Medline/PubMed database. As a result, 21 papers were included in the review, and seropositivity rate was summarized by specific type of disease, transplantation, and dialysis. When different papers studied the same type of patient group, a study with a higher number of participants was selected. Most of the solid tumor patients showed a seropositivity rate of more than 80% after the second inoculation, but a low seropositivity was found in certain tumors such as breast cancer. Research in patients with certain types of hematological malignancy and autoimmune diseases has also reported low seropositivity, and this may have been affected by the immunosuppressive treatment these patients receive. Research in patients receiving dialysis or transplantation has reported lower seropositivity rates than the general population, while all patients with inflammatory bowel disease have converted to be seropositive. Meta‐analysis validating these results will be needed, and studies will also be needed on methods to protect patients with reduced immunity from COVID‐19.
Solving 2D Poisson's equation based on conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Peng Kangning , Xu Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe numerical simulation of electromagnetic problems is usually complex and time‐consuming, so a fast and accurate solver is urgently needed. In this paper, a deep learning method based on conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is used to solve the 2D Poisson's equation in electrostatic field. The relative permittivity distribution and source charge distribution in the two dimensional region are regarded as label of CGAN, and the potential distribution is the real image or generated image corresponding to the label. This deep learning network can be trained by reasonably designing the loss functions of generator and discriminator, and based on a large amount of samples obtained by the finite difference method. The average relative prediction error of the trained CGAN for all samples is less than 0.5%, with a significant reduction in prediction time, while that of convolution neural network (CNN) is less than 1.5%. Furthermore, the average relative prediction error of CGAN is less than 1% for the scenes different from those of training and testing samples, including triangle, square, and pentagon. The prediction results indicate that CGAN has stronger learning ability and fast prediction speed, and can be used as a fast solver for electromagnetic numerical problems.
Cold grass or hot sands? A comparative study of immigrant Punjabi–Pakistani entrepreneurs in London and Dubai
Authors: Yasin Naveed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to compare immigrant community's business start‐up experiences in ethnic enclaves of London (UK) and Dubai (UAE). The primary data were collected through 20 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (10 from each country) identified through personal contact networks and snowball sampling approaches in each country. The data were collected from November 2020 to March 2021 and analyzed using the template analysis approach. The findings reveal positive and ambitious business start‐up motivations and experiences among a psychologically “transient” migrant community in the UAE, despite starting their business under stricter business start‐up regulations in comparison with the UK sample where adverse motivations for business start‐up were reported with negative business start‐up experiences among a “naturalized” migrant community with comparatively liberal business start‐up regulations. This study contributes to the empirical cross‐national studies in immigrant entrepreneurship and provides impetus to the mixed embeddedness model while also reviving the seminal works of Phizacklea and Ram as a continuation of a stagnant discourse on cross‐national ethnic entrepreneurship.
Fish proteins as potential precursors of taste‐active compounds: an in silico study
Authors: Hu Yun , Xiao Naiyong , Ye Yiting , Shi Wenzheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish protein is a good source of amino acids and peptides with sensory properties. Theoretically, the type of protein affects the taste quality of the protein hydrolysates. To better use fish protein in the food ingredients industry, an in silico approach was adopted to evaluate the potential of fish protein to release taste‐active compounds.RESULTSSix types of protein from seven commercial fishes were screened from the Uniprot knowledge base. The results showed that a remarkable number of umami fragments presented in myosin and parvalbumin (PB), such as glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and Asp‐ and Glu‐ containing peptides, whereas sweet amino acids and bitter peptides (e.g., Pro‐ and Gly‐ containing peptides) were mainly found in collagen (CGI) in all fish samples. After the in silico proteolysis by papain, a difference in the profile of taste‐active fragments was observed among the six types of proteins. Amino acids were the main hydrolysis products of these proteins, especially umami, sweet, and bitter amino acids, significantly contributing to the taste formation of protein hydrolysates. Besides, the myosin and CGI hydrolysates were abundant in taste active peptides both in types and quantities.CONCLUSIONMyosin is a promising protein source for producing umami fragments, and CGI seems to be a good precursor of sweet and bitter fragments. Different types of protein have an essential effect on the taste of protein hydrolysates. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pantanal yacare (Caiman yacare) tail fillets subjected to traditional hot smoking and liquid smoke
Authors: de Souza Maria Luiza Rodrigues , Fernandes Vitória Regina Makuxi , Gasparino Eliane , Coutinho Marcos Eduardo , Vianna Verônica Oliveira , Matiucci Marcos Antônio , Coradini Melina Franco , Oliveira Gislaine Gonçalves , Goes Marcio Douglas , dos Reis Goes Elenice Souza , Parisi Giuliana , Feihrmann Andresa Carla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hot smoking and liquid smoke on process yield, physicochemical properties, microbiological parameters, fatty acid profile, benzo(a)pyrene levels, and sensory profile of Pantanal yacare tail fillets. The fillets were subjected to two types of smoking processes: hot smoking and liquid smoke flavoring.RESULTSThe process yield of liquid‐smoked fillets was higher (69.8%) compared to hot‐smoked fillets (58.0%). All fillets were with good microbiological quality and low benzo(a)pyrene levels and were well accepted by consumers. The hot‐smoked fillets and the liquid‐smoked fillets presented 456.2 and 589.7 g kg−1moisture, 262.3 and 263.7 g kg−1crude protein, 218 and 85 g kg−1total lipids, and 26.0 and 20.9 g kg−1ash, respectively. The major fatty acids identified in the smoked tail fillets were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids.CONCLUSIONThe liquid‐smoked fillets had lower lipid content, and higher process yield because of lower losses; thus, they proved to be more advantageous and practical to obtain than the hot‐smoked fillets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Flaxseed oil ameliorates aging in d‐galactose induced rats via altering gut microbiota and mitigating oxidative damage
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Yu Juntong , Wang Yong , Luo Jianming , Zhang Guangwen , Peng Xichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAging causes decreased antioxidant capacity and chronic inflammation and may even elevate cancer risks. Previous studies reported that flaxseed oil (FO) can alleviate age‐related diseases, including improving alcoholic liver disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes. However, whether the intestinal microbiota accountable for this alleviation is still unknown. This study aims to study the antioxidant effects of FO in an aging rat model and the underlying mechanism between the intestinal microbiota and aging.RESULTSOur results presented that serum and liver antioxidant capacities in FO group were up‐regulated, and liver inflammation in FO group was reduced. The 16S rDNA sequencing showed that FO regulated the microbial community, including up‐regulation of four families of Lactobacillus and six families of Clostridium. In addition, FO had also adjusted the relative abundance of several genera such as Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐005 and Prevotella_9, which may be the key bacteria associated with the aging process. Colonic transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1679 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Model group and the FO group (134 up‐regulated and 1545 down‐regulated). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed FO down‐regulates the expression of the upstream genes Ptprc, Lck, Zap70, Lat and Lcp2 in the T cell receptor signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, FO improved antioxidant capacity and reduced intestinal microbial disturbances caused by aging damage, indicating that dietary FO has the potential to fight aging damage. This study provides a more comprehensive view of dietary intervention to improve aging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rainwater harvesting and Leucaena leucocephala biomass rates effects on soil moisture, water use efficiency and Sorghum bicolor [(L.) Moench] productivity in a semi‐arid area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kugedera Andrew T , Mandumbu Ronald , Nyamadzawo George 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSorghum is one of the major staple crops in Sub Saharan Africa but its production is mainly limited by moisture stress, frequent droughts and soil infertility, especially in the smallholder farming systems. This raises the need to develop climate smart options to improve sorghum production. The objective was to assess the effects of rainwater harvesting and use of different Leucaena leucocephala biomass rates on soil moisture content, rainwater use efficiency, and stover and grain yields in two sorghum varieties (Macia and SV1). The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design in split‐split plot arrangement from 2017/2018 to 2019/2020 season.RESULTSThe results show that tied contour (TC) and infiltration pits (IPs) significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil moisture content than standard contour (SC). Soil moisture content increased gradually with the increase in soil depth (20–40 cm > 0–20 cm), with 2018/2019 season having the maximum soil moisture content. Soil moisture content also increased with the increase in application rates of Leucaena biomass. Grain and stover yields were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by all Leucaena biomass application rates with higher yield observed in 2018/2019 season. SC had significantly lower grain and stover yields at all Leucaena biomass application rates. TC and IPs had comparable rainwater use efficiency compared to SC. Rainwater use efficiency increased with application rates of Leucaena biomass across all seasons and varieties.CONCLUSIONTC and IPs are better adaptive mechanisms against drought spells in semi‐arid areas and can be combined with 10 t ha−1 of Leucaena biomass due to better yield increments realized. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extraction optimization and characterization of pectin from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) capsule as a new neglected by‐product
Authors: Pourramezan Hamidreza , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Hosseini Seyed Saeid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith production of over 6 million tonnes a year of sesame, its capsules are considered to be an unutilized waste. In this study, extraction of pectin from this novel source was optimized using a green method, and the functional and physiochemical characteristics of the resultant pectin were compared to commercial pectin.RESULTSIn this study, the sesame capsule pectin (SCP) extraction conditions were optimized to reach maximum yield, and the results showed that the maximum pectin extraction yield (138 g kg−1) was obtained under optimal conditions (microwave power 700 W, irradiation time 5 min, pH 1.5, and liquid‐to‐solid ratio 41.8 (mL g−1). The results showed that the pectin was low methoxyl type with a galacturonic acid content of 670 g kg−1. The extracted pectin had a high molecular weight (341 kDa) and surface charge (34.09 ± 1.88 mV) and exhibited 66% DPPH radical scavenging. The obtained results from 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra validated the presence of pectin structure in the extracted sample.CONCLUSIONSesame capsule pectin, when compared to commercial pectin, demonstrated better functional properties in terms of emulsifying properties, oil holding capacity, foaming capacity and antioxidant activity. SCP showed similar properties in comparison to its commercial counterpart, which suggests that it could well be considered as a new and suitable source for pectin extraction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lysinibacillus macroides‐mediated control of cellulose‐producing morphotype of Salmonella
Authors: Karmakar Kapudeep , Bhattacharya Rohan , Sharma Abhishek , Parmar Kirti , Nath Utpal , Nataraja Karaba N , N Earanna , Sharma Gaurav , Chakravortty Dipshikha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil‐dwelling human pathogens like Salmonella are transmitted by fresh produce such as tomato, spinach, onion and cabbage. With >2600 serovars, it is difficult to classify the good plant colonizers from the non‐colonizers. Generally, soil microbiota are classified as autochthonous or zymogenous organisms, based on their ability to survive in soil. However, such information for soil‐dwelling human pathogens is not available Thus there is a need to classify these organisms for designing a strategy to prevent their outbreak. Moreover, soil harbours a plethora of microbes, which can be screened for competitive organisms to control such human pathogens.RESULTSIn this study, we examined whether the morphotype based on the attachment factors (e.g., cellulose and curli fimbri) of Salmonella was important for its colonization of roots. Secondly, we tracked the location of the bacteria in the plant cell. Interestingly, most of the epidermal cells occupied by Salmonella showed propidium iodide‐positive nuclei. As an extension of the study, a screening of competitive rhizospheric bacteria was performed. One isolate, identified as Lysinibacillus macroides, was able to inhibit the biofilm of Salmonella and subsequently reduced its colonization on roots.CONCLUSIONBased on this study, we classified the Rdar (red, dry and rough) morphotypes as good plant colonists. The ability to colonize and subsequent kill the live plant cell throws light on the zymogenous life cycle of soil‐dwelling Salmonella. Additionally, Lysinibacillus macroides served as a biocontrol agent by reducing the burden of Salmonella in various vegetables. Such organisms can further be explored to prevent contamination of the food chain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of reaction conditions for the design of cereal‐based dietary fibers with high antioxidant capacity
Authors: Doğan Cömert Ezgi , Gökmen Vural 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBound antioxidants are distinguished by their strong potential to defend the body against oxidative stress. Cereal bran fractions contain antioxidant compounds bound to dietary fiber, but this only occurs to a limited extent. Increasing the quantity of bound antioxidant compounds using soluble phenolic compounds is thought to be a possible method for designing cereal‐based dietary fibers with high antioxidant potential. Certain cereal bran samples (wheat, oat, rye, and rice) were reacted with different concentrations of beverages (green tea infusion, black tea infusion, espresso, and red wine), rich in various soluble phenolic compounds. The interactive effects of parameters (time, temperature, and pH) and the optimum conditions for the reaction were determined using response surface methodology.RESULTSGreen tea infusion (30 g·L−1) was found to be the most effective beverage. The pH rather than the time and temperature had significant (O p < 0.0001) effects on the reaction. Neutral or slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.0–7.9) and mild temperatures (at about 50 °C) were found to be optimum to increase the antioxidant capacity of cereal bran samples. The total antioxidant capacity of oat bran treated with green tea infusion under optimum conditions (53.3 °C, pH 7.4, 60.0 min) reached 226.42 ± 0.88 mmol Trolox equivalent·kg−1. The free amino groups in cereal bran were also found to decrease (32–95%) after treatment.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to design functional cereal‐based dietary fibers, rich in bound antioxidant compounds through treatment with green tea infusion under optimum conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.