bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.: a multipurpose plant with multiple uses in traditional ethnic culinary and ethnomedicinal preparations
Authors: Anju Thattantavide , Rai Nishmitha Kumari S. R. , Kumar Ajay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVarious plants form the basis of multiple traditional ethnic cuisines and ethnomedicinal practices across the globe. The ethnic cuisines cater to the nutritional, dietary and medicinal requirements of the tribal and rural communities even today. Using literature from various scholarly databases, this study was conducted to consolidate a comprehensive review on the use of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. in various traditional ethnic cuisines and ethnomedicinal preparations across the globe. The survey shows that it is used in multiple ethnic cuisines and is variously known in different countries and among the communities. Further, it possesses multiple nutritional and ethnomedicinal properties. Considering its importance in ethnic foods and ethnomedicinal preparations, it is important to investigate the nutritional composition, phytochemical constitution and pharmacological basis of ethnomedicinal uses. Therefore, we further compiled this information and found that it is a rich source of both micro- and macronutrients and packed with several bioactive compounds. Survey of pharmacological studies on its traditional medicinal uses supports its ethnomedicinal properties. Despite its importance in traditional food and ethnomedicinal systems, it remains underexplored. Limited information on the toxicity of its various extracts shows that further studies should be conducted to understand its safety aspects. Further clinical studies to prospect possible drug candidates from it should be attempted.
Black fungi and ants: a genomic comparison of species inhabiting carton nests versus domatia
Authors: Quan Yu , da Silva Nickolas Menezes , de Souza Lima Bruna Jacomel Favoreto , de Hoog Sybren , Vicente Vania Aparecida , Mayer Veronika , Kang Yingqian , Shi Dongmei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome members of Chaetothyriales, an order containing potential agents of opportunistic infections in humans, have a natural habitat in nests of tropical arboreal ants. In these black fungi, two types of ant symbiosis are known, i.e. occurrence in domatia inside living plants, or as components of carton constructions made of ant-chewed plant tissue. In order to explain differences between strains from these types of association, we sequenced and annotated genomes of two newly described carton species,Incumbomyces lentusandIncumbomyces delicatus, and compared these with genomes of four domatia species and related Chaetothyriales. General genomic characteristics, CYP genes, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), secondary metabolism, and sex-related genes were included in the study.
The burden of pediatric emergency departments, constipation: a systematic review
Authors: Kaçer Emine Özdemir , Kaçer İlker 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundConstipation constitutes an important part of emergency service applications in our country as well as all over the world. We aimed to illuminate the situation in our regional hospital regarding the increase in the emergency department density and the financial burden of applications due to constipation.MethodsThis descriptive retrospective study was conducted in a regional tertiary hospital. The medical records of all constipation-related admissions to the emergency department between 01 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The etiology of constipation, complaints, physical examination, imaging studies, treatment modalities, and health expenses costs were recorded.ResultsA total of 3271 patients aged 0–17 years (mean 4.24 ± 3.56 years) were included in the study. One thousand nine hundred and seventy-six (60.3%) of the patients were male, and 1295 (39.6%) of them were female. The majority of patients (n= 3107, 95%) were discharged without hospitalization. Health expenditure due to constipation was 834.626 Turkish liras. The health cost of the patients who were treated from the emergency room without hospitalization was 780.126 Turkish liras.ConclusionsIn order to reduce unnecessary constipation applications and costs in emergency services, more detailed information should be given to prevent constipation during outpatient services, and dietary counseling should be provided when necessary.
Dynamic on-bottom stability analysis of subsea pipelines using finite element model-based general offshore analysis software: a case study
Authors: Hafez Khaled A. , Abdelsalam Mohammed A. , Abdelhameed Ahmed N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamic on-bottom stability analysis represents a fundamental task in the design process of the subsea pipelines. Such analysis ensures the stability of the as-laid pipeline on the seabed against the lateral displacements, which are induced by the surrounding hydrodynamic forces. In this paper, the dynamic on-bottom stability analysis of a subsea pipeline is performed using finite element-based advanced offshore engineering simulation software called Flexcom. The latter predicts the pipeline response in a time-domain simulation based on a given environmental condition (i.e., the sea state, the soil frictional resistance, and the nonlinear behavior of the pipeline). A case study is conducted on a 22-in.-diameter pipeline, which is placed on a sandy soil in shallow water, under different loading combinations from two-dimensional irregular waves and a steady current.ResultsThe resultant maximum lateral displacements and the associated stresses decreased by increasing the concrete weight coating thickness. Pipeline response due to drag, lift, and inertia forces increased by increasing the total water particle velocity induced from the summation of wave-induced particle velocity and current velocity. Different random wave patterns generated from different random seed numbers assigned to wave components are important to verify the selection of the concrete weight coating thickness. Ignoring passive soil resistance reduced the total soil resistance significantly and resulted in conservative stability weight requirement.ConclusionsSeveral factors influence the pipeline stability such as pipeline submerged weight, hydrodynamic loads induced by random sea states, and soil friction model being used. The dynamic on-bottom stability analysis can optimize the design and results in less concrete weight coating if the actual case is modeled accurately; therefore, ignoring passive soil resistance reduced the prime advantage of this analysis compared to other simplified methods.
Current update on herbal sources of antithrombotic activity—a comprehensive review
Authors: Subramani Bhavani , Sathiyarajeswaran P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHerbs are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases in various traditional medicine. On the other hand, herb-drug interactions are most commonly encountered with conventional antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug prescriptions. This review presents a compilation of plants investigated for antiplatelet and anticoagulation recently and enumerates their possible lead compounds responsible for its action for paving further drug discovery and knowledge update.Main body of the abstractInformation about the herbs was withdrawn from the PubMed database of the previous 5 years. We also hand-searched the bibliography of relevant articles for the acquisition of additional information. About 72 herbal sources were identified with the effect of antiplatelet activity, antithrombotic activity, and anticoagulant activity. Bioactive compounds and various secondary metabolites responsible for it, such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, polyphenols, furan derivatives, iridoid glycosides, sesquiterpenes, aporphine compounds, were reported.ConclusionNewer pharmacological moieties are needed to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of current anti-thrombotic agents and to improve the safety of patients and cost-effectiveness.
Loss tangent estimation from ground-penetrating radar data using Ricker wavelet centroid-frequency shift analysis
Authors: Lauro Sebastian Emanuel , Baniamerian Jamaledin , Cosciotti Barbara , Mattei Elisabetta , Pettinelli Elena 
Published: March 2022

A novel method to estimate the loss tangent using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data and assuming a Ricker wavelet as the transmitted radar signal is presented. This method proposes a new relation between centroid frequency and loss tangent, which allows retrieval of the loss tangent of a material through a probabilistic inversion approach. The reliability of the results is carefully evaluated by performing an uncertainty analysis that accounts for the white Gaussian noise affecting the radar data. The method is validated in low- and high-loss scenarios, using synthetic data generated by a well-established finite-difference time-domain model (gprMax). The simulations are performed assuming a dipping sharp reflector separating two materials with different electric properties. The loss tangent values retrieved using the centroid-frequency method are compared, for different levels of noise, with those estimated using the maximum frequency method. The results find that the centroid-frequency method is, in general, more precise when the noise level is high, and it is more accurate in a high-loss environment. Finally, the new approach is applied to real GPR data collected with 500 MHz and 1 GHz antennas on a volcanic ash deposit on Mount Etna (Italy), using the signal reflected from a sloping interface separating two distinct volcanic ash layers.
Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin or Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Perioperative Chemotherapy for Patients With Nonmetastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER Trial
Authors: Pfister Christian , Gravis Gwenaelle , Fléchon Aude , Chevreau Christine , Mahammedi Hakim , Laguerre Brigitte , Guillot Aline , Joly Florence , Soulié Michel , Allory Yves , Harter Valentin , Culine Stéphane ,   for the VESPER Trial Investigators
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE The optimal perioperative chemotherapy regimen for patients with nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer is not defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February 2013 and March 2018, 500 patients were randomly assigned in 28 French centers and received either six cycles of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (dd-MVAC) once every 2 weeks or four cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) once every 3 weeks before surgery (neoadjuvant group) or after surgery (adjuvant group). We report the primary end point of the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01812369 ): progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 years. Secondary end points were time to progression and overall survival. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-seven patients (88%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 60% of patients received the planned six cycles in the dd-MVAC arm, 84% received four cycles in the GC arm, and thereafter, 91% and 90% of patients underwent surgery, respectively. Organ-confined response (< ypT3N0) was observed more frequently in the dd-MVAC arm (77% v 63%, P = .001). In the adjuvant group, 40% of patients received six cycles in the dd-MVAC arm, and 81% of patients received four cycles in the GC arm. For all patients in the clinical trial, 3-year PFS was improved in the dd-MVAC arm, but the study did not meet its primary end point (3-year rate: 64% v 56%, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.57 to 1.02], P = .066); nevertheless, the dd-MVAC arm was associated with a significantly longer time to progression (3-year rate: 69% v 58%, HR = 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.93], P = .014). In the neoadjuvant group, PFS at 3 years was significantly higher in the dd-MVAC arm (66% v 56%, HR = 0.70 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.96], P = .025). CONCLUSION In the VESPER trial, dd-MVAC improved 3-years PFS over GC. In the neoadjuvant group, a better bladder tumor local control and a significant improvement in 3-year PFS were observed in the dd-MVAC arm.
The Political Economy of a Modern Missionary: E. W. Kemmerer in the Philippines
Authors: Gomez Betancourt Rebeca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Edwin Walter Kemmerer traveled to many countries on economic missions during his career. This article studies the process that led him to become, in the 1920s, one of the most prominent “money doctors” in the history of economics. The goal is to explore how Kemmerer's travels helped define him as both an economist and a political economist, observing how Kemmerer acted and reflected on his actions as scientist and policymaker, especially during his first missions. The case of Kemmerer exemplifies how visiting other countries and engaging different realities, while not necessarily prompting a transformation of economists' core beliefs (in Kemmerer's case, the gold standard), may still lead to new tools and skills adjusted to the role of missionary. Kemmerer developed a rhetoric as policymaker and diplomatic envoy that allowed him to effectively interact with governors, bankers, and other trading interests. The network he built during his first trips to the Philippines, and well as his first publications, contributed to wide circulation of his ideas, which were then used as a lobbying instrument to disseminate a simple but multipurpose design for monetary reform based on the gold standard. Even if the hosts changed more than the visitor, Kemmerer's travels played an essential role in the development of his persona as a political economist.
Tinbergen in Turkey: Exporting Institutions
Authors: Dekker Erwin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the political-economic context of Jan Tinbergen's work as development planning expert in Turkey between 1960 and 1966. Tinbergen was brought in against the will of the Turkish government in early 1960, at the urging of the OECD and the IMF. After the military coup later that year he played a key role in the founding of the State Planning Organization as well as its institutional design. The organization was meant to represent neutral expertise above political parties, along the lines of a similar planning organization in the Netherlands. This article argues that from the very start the organization was a contested and politicized institution within Turkish politics, as well as within the international political context. It traces Tinbergen's only partially successful effort to navigate these tensions and create some autonomy for the organization. The article concludes with some reflections on how Tinbergen learned from his experiences in Turkey.
Poverty Theory in Action: How Romesh Chunder Dutt's European Travels Affected His Poverty Theory, 1868–93
Authors: Bach Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The history of economics literature has few studies on how traveling impacts economists and their ideas. Much fewer still exist on the travels of lesser-known economists such as Romesh Chunder Dutt. Dutt (1848–1909) was the founder of agricultural economics in India, a civil servant in the imperial administration, a writer, and an early nationalist fighting for Indian independence. Dutt encouraged traveling because, according to him, if Indians were to see and experience progress in Europe they could better understand modernity. Indian travel writing, unlike the European counterpart, was about experiencing what Indians had learned about modernity at the imperial universities in India. And yet, when the Indian travelers went to Europe they observed modernity alongside poverty, something that modernity should have excluded. Travel and travel writing for imperial subjects like Dutt was an empowering act where the gaze of the other was reversed: Indians showed that they could now also observe and study the British subject. I argue that Dutt's travels ultimately provided him with a new method to examine the world and criticize the way it was organized.
Inhibition of GLI-Mediated Transcription by Cyclic Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide in Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Sahayasheela Vinodh J , Yu Zutao , Hirose Yuki , Pandian Ganesh N , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within the cancer tissue that play major roles in metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Synthetic ligands capable of recognizing the specific DNA sequences are believed to be promising in targeted disruption of transcription factor-DNA interaction, which can achieve regulatory control over tumor-susceptible signaling pathways. Herein, we report a sequence-specific cyclic pyrrole-imidazole polyamide capable of targeting Gli-mediated transcription and inhibiting the hedgehog pathway which is implied to play a major role in cancer stem cell proliferation. The DNA binding affinities of cyclic polyamides were superior to corresponding hairpin polyamides. Mechanistically, the cyclic PIPs blocked the Gli function, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and luciferase assay. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of cyclic PIPs and temozolomide (TMZ) to glioblastoma and brain cancer stem cells showed increased cell death compared to TMZ alone. Taken together, cyclic PIPs targeting Gli-mediated transcription can be a promising strategy in suppressing the CSCs.
Hypertension in Healthy College Students: The Hypertension in Young Adults (HiYA) Study
Authors: Ferguson-Stegall Lisa , Shanley Brenden J. , Huch Alyssa D. , Puterbaugh Brandon J. , Faust Lauren , Phousirith Anoulack , Scheel Hannah , Williams Alicia , Webb Meghan , Sloop Owen , Smet Marisa 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Hypertension Guidelines lowered the threshold for hypertension, and more individuals are likely to be diagnosed with elevated blood pressure (BP; 120–129/<80 mm Hg) or hypertension (stage 1, 130–139/80–89 mm Hg; stage 2, ≥140/90 mm Hg). Prevalence of hypertension in the lower end of the young adult/college-aged group aged 18–24 yr is not well characterized and how the revised guidelines apply to this age group has not yet been studied. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the potential prevalence of hypertension in a population of healthy college students using the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines.

Methods
Resting BP was measured in 87 individuals (20.7 ± 1.7 yr, 49 females (F), 38 males (M)) using the auscultatory method according to American Heart Association guidelines. The average of two readings was used.

Results
Forty-seven (32 F, 15 M) participants had normal (<120/<80 mm Hg) BP. Twenty participants (10 F, 10 M) had elevated BP (systolic BP (SBP), 122.4 ± 2.9; diastolic BP (DBP), 72.8 ± 6.2 mm Hg), and 20 were classified as in either stage 1 (n = 14: 5 F, 9 M; SBP, 125.3 ± 7.1; DBP, 82.7 ± 6.8 mm Hg) or stage 2 (n = 6: 2 F, 4 M; SBP, 141.3 ± 9.8; DBP, 86.2 ± 13.4 mm Hg) hypertension categories.

Conclusions
Under the 2017 guidelines, 46% of the study population was classified in the elevated BP or hypertensive categories, revealing a much-higher-than-expected potential prevalence in this apparently healthy, physically active population of college students. More educational efforts are needed to promote hypertension awareness among college students.
Effects of standard and total two-field lymph node dissection on prognosis of patients undergoing Esophagectomy
Authors: Guo Qiang , Li Hefei , Wang Haibo , Zhang Duo , Li Yonghui 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of standard two-field lymph node dissection (2FLND) and total 2FLND on the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy and complications of patients undergoing esophagectomy.
Methods: The clinical data of 268 patients undergoing radical Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in our hospital from January 2008 to November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different methods of lymph node dissection (LND), the patients were divided into standard 2FLND group (n = 121) and total 2FLND group (n = 147). The LND status, postoperative complications, survival rate and lymph node recurrence of the two groups were analyzed.
Results: Lymph node metastasis rate showed no statistically significant difference between the standard 2FLND group and the total 2FLND group (71.1% and 63.3%, respectively, P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 5.8% (7/121) in the standard 2FLND group, which was lower than that in the total 2FLND group [17.0% (25/147)], with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 7.948, P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the standard 2FLND group and the total 2FLND group was 29.8% and 28.6%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.005, P > 0.05). The lymph node recurrence rate in the standard 2FLND group was 41.3% (50/121), which was higher than 19.0% (28/147) of the total 2FLND group (χ2 = 15.959, P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Compared with standard 2FLND, total 2FLND does not improve the postoperative survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma, and the risk of complications is higher.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4031
How to cite this:Guo Q, Li H, Wang H, Zhang D, Li Y. Effects of standard and total two-field lymph node dissection on prognosis of patients undergoing Esophagectomy. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4031
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Precocious puberty: The clinical profile and the etiological classification of children presented at a tertiary care children’s hospital
Authors: Aftab Sommayya , Manzoor Jaida , Mahmood Qaiser , Shaheen Tahir 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the clinical spectrum and underlying etiologies of children presented with precocious puberty at The Children’s Hospital &The Institute of Child health, Lahore.
Methods: It is a retrospective review of all the children presented with precocious puberty over one year, from January 2015 to December 2015; at the department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore.
Results: Total 43 cases of precocious puberty (PP), with 26 females were reported in one year. Central precocious puberty (CPP) constituted 55.8% (24/43) and was found to be more prevalent in female (22/24). In 20/24 cases (83.3%) of central precocious puberty underlying etiology was idiopathic. Peripheral precocious puberty was found in 19/43 cases (44.1%) with male predominance (15/19). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the most frequent (12/19) underlying cause of peripheral precocious puberty in our cohort.
Conclusion: Precocious puberty could be a manifestation of underlying serious medical condition. It should be thoroughly evaluated with the aim to diagnose the underlying pathology and to treat them promptly.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4816
How to cite this:Aftab S, Manzoor J, Mahmood Q, Shaheen T. Precocious puberty: The clinical profile and the etiological classification of children presented at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4816
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.