bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function‐Specific Localization in the Supplementary Motor Area: A Potential Effective Target for Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Wang Jue , Yue Juan , Wang Ye , Li Xiao‐Long , Deng Xin‐Ping , Lou Yu‐Ting , Gao Liu‐Yan , Chen Xiao‐Quan , Su Qun‐Yan , Zang Yu‐Feng , Feng Jian‐Hua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) may treat Tourette's syndrome (TS) by modulating the function of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) via the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuit.MethodsWe conducted a randomized longitudinal study to examine circuit functionality and clinical efficacy. The GPi was identified as an “effective region” for TS treatment. Using functional MRI, individualized targets within the SMA were identified. Function‐specific targets [left SMA (n = 19), right SMA (n = 16)] were compared with conventional scalp‐localized SMA targets (n = 19). Age‐ and gender‐matched typical developmental children (TDC) served as controls (n = 48). TS patients received 50 Hz continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) at 70% RMT over five consecutive days (1800 pulses/day). Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) at one and two weeks post‐cTBS. Functional connectivity (FC) analyses of the GPi evaluated the impact on brain function.ResultsThere was an approximately 3 cm Y‐axis distance between the function‐specific and conventional targets. TS patients exhibited significantly reduced GPi‐base FC in bilateral motor areas at baseline compared to TDC. Following cTBS, 4 out of 19 patients in the left SMA group achieved a ≥ 30% reduction in YGTSS scores. cTBS modulated brain function in the left inferior orbital frontal cortex and right Lingual/cerebellum, primarily influenced by the right SMA target, whereas the conventional target showed no effect on YGTSS scores. Changes in GPi‐target FC were significantly correlated with reduction in YGTSS total scores (r = 0.638, p = 0.026).ConclusionThese findings suggest that function‐specific SMA targets may yield more pronounced modulatory effects, with the left SMA target achieving “Effectiveness” after just one week of cTBS. Combining function‐specific SMA‐targeted cTBS with standard treatment shows promise in accelerating clinical efficacy for TS treatment, warranting further investigation.
Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid‐Based Delivery of DJ‐1‐saRNA Prevent Retinal Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Xianggui , Deng Zhende , Xu Xiaoxiao , Zhu Jingyi , Huang Zhen , Ye Ya , Liu Jingying , Luo Delun , Liu Jinnan , Yan Ming , Song Yanping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRetinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying retinal ischaemic diseases, potentially resulting in significant and irreversible visual impairment. Currently, there are no effective treatments available for RI/RI, and oxidative stress is a critical factor that contributes to the associated damage. DJ‐1, an important endogenous antioxidant, has been proposed as a promising therapeutic agent for RI/RI owing to its potential for overexpression. In this study, tetrahedral frame nucleic acids (tFNAs) were utilised as an effective delivery vehicle for DJ‐1 small activating RNA (saRNA), resulting in the synthesis of a novel nanocomposite (tFNAs‐DJ‐1‐saRNA). In vitro experiments demonstrated that tFNAs effectively delivered DJ‐1‐saRNA to R28 cells, thus exerting a repair effect on oxidative stress injury. In vivo investigations revealed that the intravitreal injection of tFNAs‐DJ‐1‐saRNA facilitated retinal DJ‐1 gene expression and mitigated retinal atrophy induced by RI/RI. Mechanistically, tFNAs‐DJ‐1‐saRNA activated the xCT/GPX4 pathway, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis, reducing ganglion cell damage and protecting the retinal tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the tFNAs‐DJ‐1‐saRNA complex can ameliorate RI/RI by inhibiting ferroptosis, suggesting its potential as a novel agent for the treatment of retinal ischaemic diseases.
Internal fixation of short bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus: A mechanical evaluation
Authors: de Araújo Filho Nilton Pires , Vale Daniel Santiago , Souza Alann Thaffarell Portilho , Borba Alexandre Meireles , Freitas Gileade Pereira , Lopes Helena Bacha 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study evaluated in vitro three internal fixation methods for short bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) of the mandibular ramus using polyurethane replicas. After simulating an 8‐mm mandible advancement with a counterclockwise rotation of 6° to the occlusal plane, the short BSSO was fixed bilaterally by using: (i) three linear bicortical screws; (ii) one miniplate with four monocortical screws and one bicortical screw (hybrid system); and (iii) two miniplates with eight monocortical screws. The load was measured on the central incisors or first molars bilaterally at the displacements of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm. The data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test. In addition, a linear regression analysis with dummy variables was performed for each combination of displacement and loading point. There were no statistically significant differences in the loads applied to both central incisors and first molars bilaterally among fixation methods at 1‐mm displacement. However, the necessary load was larger for the two miniplates method for 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐mm displacements. Considering the biomechanical aspects and the cost benefit related to the fixation materials, using three linear bicortical screws or a hybrid system may be more favorable than employing two miniplates with eight monocortical screws.
Voluntary running wheel activity reduces seizure burden and affords neuroprotection in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy
Authors: Kebede Valentina , Di Sapia Rossella , Tonesi Nicole , Rizzi Massimo , Balosso Silvia , Spallaci Daniele , Craparotta Ilaria , Pasetto Laura , Bonetto Valentina , Marsella Gerardo , Porcu Luca , Rosati Giorgio , Ieraci Alessandro , Vezzani Annamaria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivePhysical exercise may improve neurological deficits and neuronal damage after acute brain injuries and decrease established seizures. We investigated whether voluntary running wheel (RW) activity affects epileptogenesis in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy compared to sedentary mice.MethodsEpilepsy was induced by intra‐amygdala kainate causing status epilepticus (SE) in adult male mice. Sham mice were implanted with electrodes and injected with saline, and matched to experimental mice. In the RW‐1 protocol, SE mice were trained to run for 5 weeks before SE induction and for 6 weeks thereafter. In the RW‐2 protocol, mice began using RWs 24 h post‐SE for 10 weeks. At the end of each protocol, electrocorticography (ECoG) was recorded for 2 weeks (24/7) in the absence of RWs. Matched sedentary mice were kept in home cages without RWs, subjected to SE, and had ECoG monitored. At the end of experiment, all mice were processed for assessing hippocampal neuronal cell loss (Nissl staining), hilar mossy cells (GLUR2/3 staining), and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage (serum matrix metalloproteinase‐9 [MMP‐9] by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). Neuroinflammation (reverse‐transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and albumin level (western blot) were also measured in the hippocampus of RW1 mice 72 h post‐SE, together with serum MMP‐9.ResultsRW activity in SE mice reduced the incidence of epilepsy (RW‐1 by 38%; RW‐2 by 54%, p < .05) and the total time spent in seizures (RW‐1, p < .05; RW‐2, p < .01) compared to sedentary mice. RW‐1 SE mice showed reduced average seizure duration (p < .01), whereas RW‐2 SE mice showed reduced number of seizures (p < .01). Reduction in seizure duration was associated with prevention of GluR2/3‐positive mossy cell loss, which occurs in sedentary SE mice (p < .01 vs sham mice). Seizure duration in epileptic mice was negatively correlated with the number of hilar mossy cells (p < .01). Preventive RW‐1 activity reduced SE duration and severity (p < .05) vs sedentary mice. Aberrant neurogenesis was reduced in the dentate gyrus of SE mice subjected to RWs (p < .01) vs sedentary mice. Serum MMP‐9 and brain albumin levels were reduced in SE mice exposed to running activity (p < .05) compared to sedentary mice.SignificancePhysical exercise reduced seizure burden and neuropathology in mice, offering a strategy to improve disease outcomes after acute brain injury.
Impact of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation in Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell due to Marine Heatwave Under Global Warming
Authors: Sheng Xingda , Zuo Xiaojie , Luo Lin , Pang Guanfeng , Zhang Huawei , Chew Kit Wayne , Fang Dongshun , Chen Binbin , Wu Mingjiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBecause of the rising global temperatures, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, a commercially valuable seaweed, has experienced reduced yield and quality due to high temperatures from marine heatwave events. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of heatwave stress on S. fusiforme remain unclear. In this study, the mechanisms of heatwave stress on the carbon and nitrogen assimilation processes in S. fusiforme were analyzed. These results indicated that heatwave stress, especially at 30°C for 12 days, significantly increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (83%), malondialdehyde (84.7%), and relative conductivity (16.5%) in algae, which suggested an increase in algal damage. Morphologically, heatwave stress damaged the thylakoid structure and reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of algae and accumulated NADPH, ATP, and α‐ketoglutarate significantly, resulting in decreased content of mannitol, the photosynthetic product. Additionally, physiological and transcriptomic results revealed that heatwave stress inhibited the rate of nitrate absorption rate and the activities of the most enzymes associated with nitrogen accumulation, while significantly upregulating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), suggesting a crucial role for GDH in S. fusiforme's adaptation to heatwave stress. In terms of amino acid composition, proline and alanine were the most sensitive to heatwave treatment. Moreover, under the natural heatwave environment simulation validation experiment, the algae showed the same physiological performance as under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that marine heatwave events increased oxidative damage in S. fusiforme and inhibited carbon and nitrogen absorption and assimilation, ultimately leading to negative effects on the growth of algae. Thus, in the context of rapid global warming exacerbating marine heatwave events, our study provides valuable insights for high‐temperature‐resistant breeding and ecological management in coastal aquaculture.
Detection of Respiratory Viruses Other Than SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Large Hospital Laboratory in Rome, Italy, During the Seasons 2016–2017 to 2022–2023
Authors: Liotti Flora Marzia , Marchetti Simona , D'Onghia Sara , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Santangelo Rosaria , Posteraro Brunella 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveRespiratory viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their circulation influenced by seasonal patterns and pandemic‐related interventions. This study analyzed detection trends of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viruses in a large Italian hospital over a 7‐year period, focusing on variations across COVID‐19–related periods and patient age groups.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed multiplex PCR‐based laboratory results of 8836 nasopharyngeal samples collected between September 2016 and August 2023. Viral detection rates were stratified by season, COVID‐19–related periods (pre‐pandemic, pandemic, post‐pandemic), and age groups.ResultsOf the 8836 nasopharyngeal samples analyzed, 2795 (31.6%) tested positive for at least one respiratory virus. Rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) was the most frequently detected virus (37.6%), followed by influenza A virus (IAV, 17.9%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 17.2%). The 2020–2021 season had the lowest positivity rate (p < 0.001), with marked declines in IAV and RSV detections, likely because of COVID‐19 mitigation measures. Conversely, detections of RV/EV and human coronaviruses increased. Postpandemic data suggested a return to prepandemic patterns, though overall positivity rates remained altered. Age‐stratified analysis revealed RSV predominance in infants (p < 0.001), emphasizing its clinical relevance in pediatric populations.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the dynamic nature of respiratory virus epidemiology and the persistent impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on viral circulation. Continuous surveillance and adaptive public health strategies are essential for managing future outbreaks and mitigating the burden of respiratory viral infections.
Catheter Ablation Improves Ventilatory Efficiency in Atrial Fibrillation‐Mediated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ahluwalia Nikhil , Bruce David , Ashdown Ashley , Focacci Fabrizio , Abbass Hakam , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Chow Anthony , Dhinoja Mehul , Hunter Ross J. , Petersen Steffen , Lloyd Guy , Schilling Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundExercise Oscillatory Ventilation (EOV) and a steep ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) slope are features of ventilatory inefficiency on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), both associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The prevalence in patients with co‐existent atrial fibrillation (AF) and the impact of catheter ablation (CA) is unknown.ObjectivesTo characterize ventilatory inefficiency in patients with persistent AF and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD) and assess the impact of CA.MethodsPatients with persistent AF and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) < 50% undergoing first‐time CA were prospectively enrolled. Echocardiography and CPET were performed at baseline and 6 months post‐CA. EOV was defined using the Kremser–Corrà criteria, and VE/VCO2 slope gradient > 30 was considered abnormal.ResultsA total of 53 participants were enrolled (mean LVEF of 34 ± 9%). A total of 10 (19.2%) exhibited EOV at baseline. These patients had larger indexed left atrial (41.6 ± 13.1 mL/m2 vs. 33.3 ± 9.3 mL/m2, p = 0.03) and ventricular volumes [65.7 mL/m2 (57.1, 89.0) vs. 46.7 mL/m2 (39.8, 61.4), p = 0.03]. The partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) at peak exercise increased (33.7 ± 6.1 mmHg to 41.2 ± 5.8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and correlated with improvement in HF symptoms (p = −0.003) and objective HF markers. A total of 25 (48.1%) had an abnormal VE/VCO2 gradient. The EOV pattern resolved in eight (80%) participants due to a reduction in EOV burden (71.1 ± 11.9% vs. 48.8 ± 14.8%, p = 0.006) and the component amplitude of minute ventilation cycles (2.6 L/min (2.5,3.2) vs 2.2 L/min (1.8,2.6), p = 0.028). Fewer patients had an abnormal VE/VCO2 gradient after CA [25 (48.1%) vs. 16 (34.0%), p = 0.004].ConclusionsVentilatory inefficiency is common in patients with AF and LVSD. CA improves both EOV and VE/VCO2 in AF‐induced cardiomyopathy. Improvement in PETCO2 is also seen and correlates with HF symptom burden.
The Current Landscape for Screening and Monitoring of Early‐Stage Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Narayan Kruthika , Mikler Kara , Maguire Ann , Craig Maria E. , Bell Kirstine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTType 1 diabetes (T1D) has two pre‐symptomatic phases (stages 1 and 2) with progressive destruction of beta cells which have been identified through longitudinal cohort studies in recent decades. The definition of T1D, with hyperglycaemia that may or may not be symptomatic, is now defined as stage 3. There is growing evidence that screening for stages 1 and 2 reduces rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and prevents long‐term complications. These stages can be defined by the presence of islet autoantibodies which are markers of autoimmune beta cell damage. Furthermore, genetic risk scores, which combine a variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms, identify people at high genetic risk of future T1D. Thus, they provide an opportunity to select high‐risk individuals for islet autoantibody testing. Individuals identified as having stage 1 or 2 T1D require ongoing monitoring to detect hyperglycaemia and the need for insulin replacement. These individuals may also be eligible for emerging immunotherapies in future to delay progression to stage 3. This review article explores the current evidence for screening and summarises the recommended clinical care for early‐stage T1D.
Programmatic Ideas Adopted Through Policy Diffusion in the Design of the Human Development Bonus (HDB) in Ecuador
Authors: Albuja Echeverría Wilson Santiago 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCash transfer programs emerged in the mid‐1990s, eventually spreading to Latin America and the Caribbean, and later, throughout the world. The contributions of international organizations have shaped, driven, and diffused these cash transfer programs. The questions guiding this research concern how the Human Development Bonus in Ecuador was designed and how the programmatic ideas of international organizations influence decision and policy makers. The hypothesis posits that international organizations’ programmatic ideas about cash transfer programs, positioned as instruments to combat poverty, are diffused throughout the national context as an instrument of compensation for the most vulnerable families, with policy makers adopting mechanisms of coercion, emulation, and learning when designing the Human Development Bonus. From a neo‐institutionalist perspective, public policy networks are analyzed, demonstrating that the origin of the Human Development Bonus is endogenous; it began as an instrument of fiscal policy amid the possible elimination of the gas subsidy, which did not materialize, and it then moved to social policy. International organizations played a relevant role in designing the Human Development Bonus by imposing structural adjustment reforms, establishing the conditions for the delivery of loans, and offering technical assistance.
Mast hindcasts reveal pervasive effects of extreme drought on a foundational conifer species
Authors: Wion Andreas P. , Pearse Ian S. , Broxson Max , Redmond Miranda D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Predicting seed production is challenging because many plants produce highly variable crops among years (i.e. masting), but doing so can inform forest management, conservation, and our understanding of ecosystem trajectories in a changing climate. We evaluated the ability of an existing model to forecast masting in an ecologically and culturally important tree species in the southwestern United States, Pinus edulis.
Annual seed cone production was predicted using cross‐validation techniques on two unique out‐of‐sample datasets, representing different collection methods and spatial scales (cone scars and cone counts). We then hindcasted this model into the historical past to evaluate whether seed production has declined with the onset of extreme drought conditions in western North America.
The evaluated model had fair skill, with root‐mean‐squared error of 6%. The model had better skill predicting the interannual variability within a site than among sites (i.e. within years). Hindcast analyses indicated recent (2000–2024) mean annual cone production was 30.6% lower than in the past century (1900–1999).
Mast forecasts are within reach, but much room remains for improvement. Forecasts may be a powerful tool to anticipate the effects of climate change on forests and woodlands.
NOTES ON THE MESOPOTAMIAN ENERGY ECONOMY
Authors: Joffe Alex 
Published: February 2025

SummaryAll societies require thermal energy for human survival and for household and industrial purposes. Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological data show that dung, a ubiquitous secondary animal product, was employed as fuel in the ancient Near East, in addition to use as agricultural fertilizer. A review of Mesopotamian texts shows, however, that dung is mentioned occasionally in medical contexts, rarely in reference to agriculture, and never with respect to fuel. How the energy economy was organized in Mesopotamia and other early complex societies remains unclear, but apparent textual lacunae suggest that dung was part of an informal economy with well understood rules lying outside the scope of literate institutions.
Perioperative Airway Management for Midface Surgery in Children With Syndromic Craniosynostosis; a Single Center Experience With Immediate Extubation
Authors: Cuperus Iris E. , Bernard Simone E. , Joosten Koen F. M. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Pullens Bas , Mathijssen Irene M. J. , Bouzariouh Anouar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMidface advancements in children with syndromic craniosynostosis present challenges for anesthesiologists and intensive care teams.AimsThis study reviewed the perioperative airway management protocol for immediate tracheal extubation after midface surgery at our tertiary center over the past 10 years.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed to obtain information on respiratory disorders, surgical and anesthetic management, airway support, and respiratory complications following le Fort III (LF3) and monobloc (MB) with distraction. Patients with a tracheostomy were excluded.ResultsThirty‐two patients (12 LF3, 20 MB) were included. All were immediately extubated with a median of 25 min after surgery. Immediate extubation was performed in young patients (n = 8/32, < 5 years old), in patients with severe OSA (n = 6/32, median oAHI 23/h), with difficult airways (n = 5/32, Cormack‐Lehane airway grade ≥ 3), with significant intraoperative blood loss (n = 32, median 46 mL/kg), and with long operative times (n = 32, median 223 min). The majority of patients received no or only oxygen support in the first hours after extubation (n = 29/32) and could be discharged from the pediatric intensive care unit to the surgical ward after 1 day (n = 30/32). A 5‐month‐old patient with MB required intermittent oxygen and Guedel airway throughout his hospitalization due to airway obstruction at the tongue base combined with supine positioning to allow external traction.ConclusionsDespite the pre‐existing airway disorder, the extent of the procedure and the effect of anesthesia on airway tone, all patients were extubated immediately after midface advancement, with only one young patient needing prolonged postoperative support. Immediate extubation is feasible following midface advancement in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to demonstrate superiority to delayed extubation.