bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of a correlated free four-neutron system
Authors: Duer M. , Aumann T. , Gernhäuser R. , Panin V. , Paschalis S. , Rossi D. M. , Achouri N. L. , Ahn D. , Baba H. , Bertulani C. A. , Böhmer M. , Boretzky K. , Caesar C. , Chiga N. , Corsi A. , Cortina-Gil D. , Douma C. A. , Dufter F. , Elekes Z. , Feng J. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Forsberg U. , Fukuda N. , Gasparic I. , Ge Z. , Gheller J. M. , Gibelin J. , Gillibert A. , Hahn K. I. , Halász Z. , Harakeh M. N. , Hirayama A. , Holl M. , Inabe N. , Isobe T. , Kahlbow J. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kim D. , Kim S. , Kobayashi T. , Kondo Y. , Körper D. , Koseoglou P. , Kubota Y. , Kuti I. , Li P. J. , Lehr C. , Lindberg S. , Liu Y. , Marqués F. M. , Masuoka S. , Matsumoto M. , Mayer J. , Miki K. , Monteagudo B. , Nakamura T. , Nilsson T. , Obertelli A. , Orr N. A. , Otsu H. , Park S. Y. , Parlog M. , Potlog P. M. , Reichert S. , Revel A. , Saito A. T. , Sasano M. , Scheit H. , Schindler F. , Shimoura S. , Simon H. , Stuhl L. , Suzuki H. , Symochko D. , Takeda H. , Tanaka J. , Togano Y. , Tomai T. , Törnqvist H. T. , Tscheuschner J. , Uesaka T. , Wagner V. , Yamada H. , Yang B. , Yang L. , Yang Z. H. , Yasuda M. , Yoneda K. , Zanetti L. , Zenihiro J. , Zhukov M. V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA long-standing question in nuclear physics is whether chargeless nuclear systems can exist. To our knowledge, only neutron stars represent near-pure neutron systems, where neutrons are squeezed together by the gravitational force to very high densities. The experimental search for isolated multi-neutron systems has been an ongoing quest for several decades1, with a particular focus on the four-neutron system called the tetraneutron, resulting in only a few indications of its existence so far2–4, leaving the tetraneutron an elusive nuclear system for six decades. Here we report on the observation of a resonance-like structure near threshold in the four-neutron system that is consistent with a quasi-bound tetraneutron state existing for a very short time. The measured energy and width of this state provide a key benchmark for our understanding of the nuclear force. The use of an experimental approach based on a knockout reaction at large momentum transfer with a radioactive high-energy 8He beam was key.
Organic bipolar transistors
Authors: Wang Shu-Jen , Sawatzki Michael , Darbandy Ghader , Talnack Felix , Vahland Jörn , Malfois Marc , Kloes Alexander , Mannsfeld Stefan , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevices made using thin-film semiconductors have attracted much interest recently owing to new application possibilities. Among materials systems suitable for thin-film electronics, organic semiconductors are of particular interest; their low cost, biocompatible carbon-based materials and deposition by simple techniques such as evaporation or printing enable organic semiconductor devices to be used for ubiquitous electronics, such as those used on or in the human body or on clothing and packages1–3. The potential of organic electronics can be leveraged only if the performance of organic transistors is improved markedly. Here we present organic bipolar transistors with outstanding device performance: a previously undescribed vertical architecture and highly crystalline organic rubrene thin films yield devices with high differential amplification (more than 100) and superior high-frequency performance over conventional devices. These bipolar transistors also give insight into the minority carrier diffusion length—a key parameter in organic semiconductors. Our results open the door to new device concepts of high-performance organic electronics with ever faster switching speeds.
Cryo-EM structure of a type IV secretion system
Authors: Macé Kévin , Vadakkepat Abhinav K. , Redzej Adam , Lukoyanova Natalya , Oomen Clasien , Braun Nathalie , Ukleja Marta , Lu Fang , Costa Tiago R. D. , Orlova Elena V. , Baker David , Cong Qian , Waksman Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacterial conjugation is the fundamental process of unidirectional transfer of DNAs, often plasmid DNAs, from a donor cell to a recipient cell1. It is the primary means by which antibiotic resistance genes spread among bacterial populations2,3. In Gram-negative bacteria, conjugation is mediated by a large transport apparatus—the conjugative type IV secretion system (T4SS)—produced by the donor cell and embedded in both its outer and inner membranes. The T4SS also elaborates a long extracellular filament—the conjugative pilus—that is essential for DNA transfer4,5. Here we present a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a 2.8 megadalton T4SS complex composed of 92 polypeptides representing 8 of the 10 essential T4SS components involved in pilus biogenesis. We added the two remaining components to the structural model using co-evolution analysis of protein interfaces, to enable the reconstitution of the entire system including the pilus. This structure describes the exceptionally large protein–protein interaction network required to assemble the many components that constitute a T4SS and provides insights on the unique mechanism by which they elaborate pili.
PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice
Authors: Hill Rose Z. , Loud Meaghan C. , Dubin Adrienne E. , Peet Brooke , Patapoutian Ardem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractItch triggers scratching, a behavioural defence mechanism that aids in the removal of harmful irritants and parasites1. Chemical itch is triggered by many endogenous and exogenous cues, such as pro-inflammatory histamine, which is released during an allergic reaction1. Mechanical itch can be triggered by light sensations such as wool fibres or a crawling insect2. In contrast to chemical itch pathways, which have been extensively studied, the mechanisms that underlie the transduction of mechanical itch are largely unknown. Here we show that the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO1 (ref. 3) is selectively expressed by itch-specific sensory neurons and is required for their mechanically activated currents. Loss of PIEZO1 function in peripheral neurons greatly reduces mechanically evoked scratching behaviours and both acute and chronic itch-evoked sensitization. Finally, mice expressing a gain-of-function Piezo1 allele4 exhibit enhanced mechanical itch behaviours. Our studies reveal the polymodal nature of itch sensory neurons and identify a role for PIEZO1 in the sensation of itch.
Biosynthetic potential of the global ocean microbiome
Authors: Paoli Lucas , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Forneris Clarissa C. , Hubrich Florian , Kautsar Satria , Bhushan Agneya , Lotti Alessandro , Clayssen Quentin , Salazar Guillem , Milanese Alessio , Carlström Charlotte I. , Papadopoulou Chrysa , Gehrig Daniel , Karasikov Mikhail , Mustafa Harun , Larralde Martin , Carroll Laura M. , Sánchez Pablo , Zayed Ahmed A. , Cronin Dylan R. , Acinas Silvia G. , Bork Peer , Bowler Chris , Delmont Tom O. , Gasol Josep M. , Gossert Alvar D. , Kahles André , Sullivan Matthew B. , Wincker Patrick , Zeller Georg , Robinson Serina L. , Piel Jörn , Sunagawa Shinichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNatural microbial communities are phylogenetically and metabolically diverse. In addition to underexplored organismal groups1, this diversity encompasses a rich discovery potential for ecologically and biotechnologically relevant enzymes and biochemical compounds2,3. However, studying this diversity to identify genomic pathways for the synthesis of such compounds4and assigning them to their respective hosts remains challenging. The biosynthetic potential of microorganisms in the open ocean remains largely uncharted owing to limitations in the analysis of genome-resolved data at the global scale. Here we investigated the diversity and novelty of biosynthetic gene clusters in the ocean by integrating around 10,000 microbial genomes from cultivated and single cells with more than 25,000 newly reconstructed draft genomes from more than 1,000 seawater samples. These efforts revealed approximately 40,000 putative mostly new biosynthetic gene clusters, several of which were found in previously unsuspected phylogenetic groups. Among these groups, we identified a lineage rich in biosynthetic gene clusters (‘CandidatusEudoremicrobiaceae’) that belongs to an uncultivated bacterial phylum and includes some of the most biosynthetically diverse microorganisms in this environment. From these, we characterized the phospeptin and pythonamide pathways, revealing cases of unusual bioactive compound structure and enzymology, respectively. Together, this research demonstrates how microbiomics-driven strategies can enable the investigation of previously undescribed enzymes and natural products in underexplored microbial groups and environments.
Characteristics of recent HIV infection among individuals newly diagnosed as HIV-positive in South Korea (2008–2015)
Authors: Yoo Myeongsu , Wang Jin-Sook , Park Su-Jin , Cha Jeong-ok , Jung Yoonhee , Chung Yoon-Seok , Han Myung Guk , Choi Byeong-Sun , Kim Sung-Soon , Kee Mee-Kyung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost HIV-positive individuals diagnosed in Korea are infected through sexual contact, with the time of HIV infection therefore often being unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of diagnosed patients near the time of HIV seroconversion to establish useful HIV intervention strategies. Cross-sectional study. Newly diagnosed HIV cases based on the national HIV surveillance system in South Korea, 2008–2015. To distinguish recent from long-standing HIV infection among 5898 nationwide HIV-positive specimens, limiting antigen avidity assays (Sedia HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA, cut-off = 1.5) were performed. Data on CD4+ T cell count at HIV diagnosis and death from AIDS within one year after first HIV diagnosis were used to distinguish recent HIV infections. Acute HIV infection is characterized by detectable HIV RNA or HIV p24 antigen levels, along with a negative or indeterminate antibody western blot result, but with the subject subsequently testing positive after a predetermined period. We analyzed the characteristics of recent and acute HIV infections by sex, age, nationality, HIV testing site, region, and reason for HIV testing. Recent and acute HIV infections were described as the proportion of recent and acute HIV infections among newly-diagnosed cases in a given year. Recent and acute HIV infections over the 8-year study period were 20.5% (1210/5898) and 9.5% (562/5898), respectively. Both infections were generally higher in the following groups: males, younger age, Koreans, individuals who were tested due to disease, residents of smaller city or rural area, and individuals diagnosed in recent calendar years. Acute infections were significantly higher among individuals tested in hospitals and due to suspected HIV infection. The recent and acute HIV infection in younger age groups (< 30 years) has been increasing in a given year. There was an increase in the proportion of young individuals with recent HIV infection, and we identified risk groups more at risk of HIV infection recently in Korea. Therefore, our results could prove useful for the development and assessment of national HIV prevention strategies in Korea and provide valuable data for further HIV research.
Product quality evaluation by confidence intervals of process yield index
Authors: Chen Kuen-Suan , Hsu Chang-Hsien , Chiou Kuo-Ching 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStatistical techniques have a beneficial effect on measuring process variability, analyzing the variability concerning product requirements, and eliminating the variability in product manufacturing. Process capability indices (PCIs) are not only easy to understand but also able to be directly employed by the manufacturing industry. The process yield index offers accurate measurement of the process yield, and it is a function of two unilateral six sigma quality indices. This paper initiates to develop the confidence intervals of the process yield index by using joint confidence regions of two unilateral six sigma quality indices for all quality characteristics of a product. Then integrate these joint confidence regions to find the confidence intervals of the product yield index. All manufacturing industries can use these confidence intervals to make statistical inferences to assess whether the process capability of the product and all quality characteristics has reached the required level, and to grasp the opportunities for improvement. An illustrated example on driver integrated circuit of micro hard disk is provided.
Pharmacological and metabolomic profiles of Musa acuminata wastes as a new potential source of anti-ulcerative colitis agents
Authors: Mohammed Mona A. , Ibrahim Bassant M. M. , Abdel-Latif Yasmin , Hassan Azza H. , El Raey Mohamed A. , Hassan Emad M. , El-Gengaihi Souad E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMusa acuminata(MA) is a popular fruit peels in the world. Non-food parts of the plant have been investigated for their antioxidant and anti-ulcerative colitis activity. Metabolomic approaches were found to be informative as a screening tool. It discovered different metabolites depending on statistical analysis. The antioxidant activity content was measured by colorimetric method. Seventy six investigated metabolites were observed. The identities of some of these markers were confirmed based on their MS2fragmentation and NMR spectroscopy. These include: cinnamic acid and its dimer 2-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one beside; gallic acid and flavonoids; quercetin, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. GC/MS analysis of MA peels essential oil led to identification of 37 compounds. The leaves, pseudostem and fruit peels extracts were tested for their safety and their anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rats. Rats were classified into: normal, positive, prednisolone reference group, MA extracts pretreated groups (250–500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks followed by induction of ulcerative colitis by per-rectal infusion of 8% acetic acid. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were done. Inflammatory markers (ANCA, CRP and Ilβ6) were measured in sera. The butanol extracts showed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as they ameliorated macroscopic and microscopic signs of ulcerative colitis and lowered the inflammatory markers compared to untreated group. MA wastes can be a potential source of bioactive metabolites for industrial use and future employment as promising anti-ulcerative colitis food supplements.
Effect of volatile compounds produced by endophytic bacteria on virulence traits of grapevine crown gall pathogen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Etminani Faegheh , Harighi Behrouz , Mozafari Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by endophytic bacteria have a significant role in the control of phytopathogens. In this research, the VOCs produced by endophytic bacteria including Serratia sp. Ba10, Pantoea sp. Sa14, Enterobacter sp. Ou80, Pseudomonas sp. Ou22, Pseudomonas sp. Sn48 and Pseudomonas sp. Ba35, which were previously isolated from healthy domesticated and wild-growing grapevine were evaluated in terms of their effects on the virulence traits of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gh1, the causal agent of crown gall disease. Based on the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, 16, 15, 14, 7, 16, and 15 VOCs have been identified with high quality in strains of Ba10, Sa14, Ou80, Ou22, Sn48, and Ba35, respectively. All endophytic bacteria produced VOCs that significantly reduced crown gall symptoms and inhibited the populations of A. tumefaciens Gh1 at different levels. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed various morphological abnormalities in the A. tumefaciens cells exposed to the VOCs produced by Ba35, Ou80, and Sn48 strains. The VOCs significantly reduced swarming-, swimming-, twitching motility and biofilm formation by A. tumefaciens Gh1. Our results revealed that VOCs could reduce the attachment of A. tumefaciens Gh1 cells to root tissues of grapevine cultivars Rashe and Bidane sefid, as well as chemotaxis motility towards root extract of both cultivars. Based on our results, it was shown that the antibacterial VOCs produced by endophytic bacteria investigated in the current study can manage crown gall disease and increase our knowledge on the role of VOCs in microbial interactions.
Study on the mechanism of visual aging in cats’ primary visual cortex based on BDNF-TrkB signal pathway
Authors: Tong Chuanwang , Cao Senyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and specific receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in the primary visual cortex of young and old cats, especially to reveal the age-related differences in the mediating mechanism of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in cats’ visual cortex and their possible effects on synaptic plasticity, Nissl staining was used to display neurons in each layer of cats’ primary visual cortex, and immunohistochemical ABC method was used to label BDNF and TrkB immunopositive cells in each layer of cats’ primary visual cortex. The BDNF and TrkB receptor immunoreactive neurons and non-neurons were observed and photographed. Their density and immunoreactive intensity were measured. Results showed that BDNF and TrkB were widely expressed in all layers of visual cortex in young and old cats. Compared with the young group, the density and intensity of BDNF and TrkB positive cells in each layer of primary visual cortex in the old group decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The findings indicate that the expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the primary visual cortex of cats decrease with age, suggesting that the change of BDNF-TrkB signal pathway caused by the weakening of brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity may be one of the important reasons for the decline of visual function.
An appraisal of genetic testing for prostate cancer susceptibility
Authors: Finch Amy , Clark Roderick , Vesprini Danny , Lorentz Justin , Kim Raymond H. , Thain Emily , Fleshner Neil , Akbari Mohammad R. , Cybulski Cezary , Narod Steven A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost criteria for genetic testing for prostate cancer susceptibility require a prior diagnosis of prostate cancer, in particular cases with metastatic disease are selected. Advances in the field are expected to improve outcomes through tailored treatments for men with advanced prostate cancer with germline pathogenic variants, although these are not currently offered in the curative setting. A better understanding of the value of genetic testing for prostate cancer susceptibility in screening, for early detection and prevention is necessary. We review and summarize the literature describing germline pathogenic variants in genes associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressivity. Important questions include: what is our ability to screen for and prevent prostate cancer in a man with a germline pathogenic variant and how does knowledge of a germline pathogenic variant influence treatment of men with nonmetastatic disease, with hormone-resistant disease and with metastatic disease? The frequency of germline pathogenic variants in prostate cancer is well described, according to personal and family history of cancer and by stage and grade of disease. The role of these genes in aggressive prostate cancer is also discussed. It is timely to consider whether or not genetic testing should be offered to all men with prostate cancer. The goals of testing are to facilitate screening for early cancers in unaffected high-risk men and to prevent advanced disease in men with cancer.
Activating Parkin-dependent mitophagy alleviates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and promotes random-pattern skin flaps survival
Authors: Chen Zhengtai , Wu Hongqiang , Yang Jianxin , Li Baolong , Ding Jian , Cheng Sheng , Bsoul Nageeb , Zhang Chenxi , li jiaorong , Liu Haixiao , Lin Damu , Gao Weiyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe random-pattern skin flap is a crucial technique in reconstructive surgery and flap necrosis caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major postoperative complication. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of mitophagy induced by Melatonin (ML) and its effect on the survival of skin flaps. Our results demonstrated that ML could activate mitophagy, ameliorate oxidative stress and alleviate apoptosis in Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide solution (TBHP)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Inhibiting ML-induced mitophagy considerably abolished its protective effects. Moreover, knockdown of Parkin by siRNA inhibited ML-induced mitophagy, and subsequently exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Further study demonstrated that inhibition of AMPK reversed these protective effects of ML and downregulated the expression of TFEB. In the vivo study, ML effectively promoted flap survival by activating mitophagy and subsequently ameliorating oxidative stress and mitigating apoptosis. These results established that ML is a potent agent capable for increasing random-pattern skin flap survival by activating Parkin-dependent mitophagy through the AMPK-TFEB signaling pathway.
Warm surface waters increase Antarctic ice shelf melt and delay dense water formation
Authors: Aoki Shigeru , Takahashi Tomoki , Yamazaki Kaihe , Hirano Daisuke , Ono Kazuya , Kusahara Kazuya , Tamura Takeshi , Williams Guy D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelting ice shelves around Antarctica control the massive input of freshwater into the ocean and play an intricate role in global heat redistribution. The Amery Ice Shelf regulates wintertime sea-ice growth and dense shelf water formation. We investigated the role of warm Antarctic Surface Water in ice shelf melting and its impact on dense shelf water. Here we show that the coastal ocean in summer 2016/17 was almost sea-ice free, leading to higher surface water temperatures. The glacial meltwater fraction in surface water was the highest on record, hypothesised to be attributable to anomalous ice shelf melting. The excess heat and freshwater in early 2017 delayed the seasonal evolution of dense shelf water. Focused on ice shelf melting at depth, the importance and impacts of warming surface waters has been overlooked. In a warming climate, increased surface water heating will reduce coastal sea-ice production and potentially Antarctic Bottom Water formation.