bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal obesity causes fetal cardiac hypertrophy and alters adult offspring myocardial metabolism in mice
Authors: Vaughan Owen R. , Rosario Fredrick J. , Chan Jeannie , Cox Laura A. , Ferchaud‐Roucher Veronique , Zemski‐Berry Karin A. , Reusch Jane E. B. , Keller Amy C. , Powell Theresa L. , Jansson Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObesity in pregnant women causes fetal cardiac dysfunction and increases offspring cardiovascular disease risk, but its effect on myocardial metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that maternal obesity alters fetal cardiac expression of metabolism‐related genes and shifts offspring myocardial substrate preference from glucose towards lipids. Female mice were fed control or obesogenic diets before and during pregnancy. Fetal hearts were studied in late gestation (embryonic day (E) 18.5; term ≈ E21), and offspring were studied at 3, 6, 9 or 24 months postnatally. Maternal obesity increased heart weight and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg) expression in female and male fetuses and caused left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the adult offspring. Cardiac dysfunction worsened progressively with age in female, but not male, offspring of obese dams, in comparison to age‐matched control animals. In 6‐month‐old offspring, exposure to maternal obesity increased cardiac palmitoyl carnitine‐supported mitochondrial respiration in males and reduced myocardial 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in females. Cardiac Pparg expression remained higher in adult offspring of obese dams than control dams and was correlated with contractile and metabolic function. Maternal obesity did not affect cardiac palmitoyl carnitine respiration in females or 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in males and did not alter cardiac 3H‐oleic acid uptake, pyruvate respiration, lipid content or fatty acid/glucose transporter abundance in offspring of either sex. The results support our hypothesis and show that maternal obesity affects offspring cardiac metabolism in a sex‐dependent manner. Persistent upregulation of Pparg expression in response to overnutrition in utero might underpin programmed cardiac impairments mechanistically and contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in children of women with obesity.
imageKey points
Obesity in pregnant women causes cardiac dysfunction in the fetus and increases lifelong cardiovascular disease risk in the offspring.
In this study, we showed that maternal obesity in mice induces hypertrophy of the fetal heart in association with altered expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism.
Maternal obesity also alters cardiac metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in the adult offspring.
The results suggest that overnutrition in utero might contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk in children of women with obesity.
Thermal Properties of Graphite Nanoplatelet-Epoxy Composites Formed Through High Shear Exfoliation of Expanded Graphite
Authors: Grzenda Michael , Singer Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) have recently become a commercially available alternative to graphene that has been widely studied as an additive to improve polymer properties. In particular, their use in improving the thermal properties of composites has many applications for the electronics industry. Expanded graphite (EG) is commonly used as starter material for the production of these nanoplatelets. However, the exfoliation of EG into nanoparticles typically involves the use of solvents, which are difficult to remove, and includes sonication which is time consuming and can cause defects in the platelets. Here, a commercially available, high-shear mixer is used to rapidly exfoliate EG in epoxy resin. The cured composites were measured for improvements in thermal conductivity and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Modeling Ampacity in Advanced Electrical Conductors
Authors: Khanbolouki Pouria , Tehrani Mehran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An enabling advantage of carbon-based conductors is their low density and high thermal conductivity. To put this in the perspective of applications, current rating of carbon-based and copper nanocomposite conductors of different lengths are modeled. For comparison, the current and current density required to raise the maximum temperature of studied conductors to 150 °C are calculated with a joule heating model. The model is validated with an experimental setup equipped with a thermal camera. It is shown that while doped carbon nanotube (CNT) conductors may potentially result in improved performance compared with copper on a weight basis, ultra-conductive copper (UCC) can outperform copper on both volume and weight bases. Additionally, a hypothetical copper-matrix composite conductor with different volume fractions of high thermal conductivity and lightweight graphene fibers (Cu–C composite) is included in the analysis. The properties of the Cu–C composite are evaluated based on the Lewis–Nielson and rule of mixture models, as inputs for the joule heating model. The results show that while the improved thermal conductivity of the composite is beneficial for improving the current rating in micro-electronics applications, the tradeoff for the decreased electrical conductivity results in lower current carrying capacity in applications that use longer conductors.
Experimental Investigations on Thermal-Hydraulics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Under Natural Circulation Vertical Flows
Authors: Bodkha Kapil , Pilkhwal D. S. , Maheshwari N. K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Advanced energy systems propose use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) as working fluids owing to various advantages associated with SCF. Supercritical water (SCW), supercritical carbon-dioxide (SC–CO2), and supercritical helium (SC–He) find proposed applications in advanced nuclear reactor designs too. Heat transfer behavior of SCFs is still not understood completely. Though there exist many heat transfer correlations and criterion in the literature, they miss having a general consensus among them. In spite of having many reported studies in literature for SCFs under forced convection conditions, studies related to SCF under natural circulation (NC) mode are very limited. In the present study, extensive experiments have been performed with SC–CO2 under NC conditions in tube geometry. The experimental data generated for vertical heated test section at various pressures between 8.0 and 13.0 MPa have been utilized to bring out salient findings related to fluid flow and heat transfer. The data have also been utilized to make comparison with generalized NC flow correlation available in the literature. Besides, few popular heat transfer correlations have been compared with experimentally obtained heat transfer coefficients.
Muscle Fatigue Is Attenuated When Applying Intermittent Compared With Continuous Blood Flow Restriction During Endurance Cycling
Authors: Corvino Rogério Bulhões , Scheffer Débora da Luz , Penteado dos Santos Rafael , Latini Alexandra , Oliveira Anderson Souza , Caputo Fabrizio 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify a blood-flow-restriction (BFR) endurance exercise protocol that maximizes metabolic strain and minimizes muscle fatigue. Methods: Twelve healthy participants accomplished 5 different interval cycling endurance exercises (2-min work, 1-min rest) in a randomized order: (1) control, low intensity with unrestricted blood flow (CON30); (2) low intensity with intermittent BFR (i-BFR30, ∼150 mm Hg); (3) low intensity with continuous BFR (c-BFR, ∼100 mm Hg); (4) unloaded cycling with i-BFR0 (∼150 mm Hg); and (5) high intensity (HI) with unrestricted blood flow. Force production, creatine kinase activity, antioxidant markers, blood pH, and potassium (K+) were measured in a range of 5 minutes before and after each cycling exercise protocol. Results: HI showed the highest reduction (Δ = −0.26 [0.05], d = 5.6) on blood pH. Delta pH for c-BRF30 (Δ = −0.02 [0.03], d = 0.8) and Δ pH for i-BRF30 (Δ = −0.04 [0.03], d = 1.6) were different from each other, and both were higher compared with CON30 (Δ = 0.03 [0.03]). There was significant before-to-after force loss following HI (Δ = 55 [40] N·m−1, d = 1.5) and c-BFR30 (Δ = 27 [21] N·m−1, d = 0.7) protocols only, which were accompanied by significant increases in K+ (HI: Δ = 0.94 [0.65] mmol·L−1, d = 1.8; c-BFR30: Δ = 0.72 [0.85] mmol·L−1, d = 1.2). Moreover, all BFR conditions elicited slight increases in plasma creatine kinase, but not for HI and CON30. Glutathione changes from before to after were significant for all BFR conditions and HI, but not for CON30. Conclusions: The attenuation in fatigue-induced reductions in maximal force suggests that i-BFR exercise could be preferable to c-BFR in improving exercise capacity, with considerably less biologic stress elicited from HI exercises.
Occupational Physical Activity Was Associated With Disability Levels at 6-Month Follow-Up of Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hisamatsu Thalysi M. , Oliveira Crystian B. , Lira Fábio S. , Morelhão Priscila K. , Azevedo Bruna R. , Lemes Ítalo R. , Franco Márcia R. , Pinto Rafael Z. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Physical activity plays an important role in the prognosis of chronic low back pain (LBP); however, whether physical activity predicts pain intensity and disability remains unknown. This study investigated whether objective and subjective physical activity measures predict pain intensity and disability levels 6 months later in patients with chronic LBP. Methods: Patients with chronic LBP seeking care at 2 outpatient physiotherapy clinics were recruited. At baseline assessment, we collected anthropometric/sociodemographic data, duration of symptoms, pain intensity, disability, and physical activity (accelerometer and questionnaire). After 6 months, we reassessed pain and disability. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of physical activity measures with pain and disability at follow-up. Results: A total of 179 patients with chronic LBP were included. High occupational physical activity at baseline predicted disability at 6-month follow-up (B = 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 2.21) after controlling for age and baseline disability, meaning that for every 1-point increase in occupational physical activity, disability increased on average by 1.22 point. The remaining physical activity measures showed no association with pain intensity or disability at follow-up. Conclusion: Higher perceived levels of occupational physical activity predicted higher disability levels at 6-month follow-up in patients with chronic LBP.
Cenozoic deformation in the eastern domain of the North Qaidam thrust belt, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Yongchao , Zuza Andrew V. , Chen Xuanhua , Shao Zhaogang , Wang Zeng-Zhen , Sun Yujun , Wu Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present topography of the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by the northwest-trending Eastern Kunlun Range, Qaidam Basin, and Qilian Shan, which figure importantly into the evolution and mechanism of Tibetan plateau development during Cenozoic Indo-Asian convergence. Understanding the Cenozoic deformation history and the source-to-sink relationship through time has significant implications for deciphering the growth history of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Despite decades of study, the timing, pattern, and mechanisms of deformation across the northern Tibetan Plateau are still vigorously debated. The North Qaidam thrust belt, located between the Qaidam Basin and Qilian Shan thrust belt, provides a valuable record of Cenozoic deformation in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present the results of new geologic mapping, structural and sedimentology analysis, and apatite fission track thermochronology to constrain the Cenozoic evolution history and reconstruct the paleogeomorphology of the eastern domain of the North Qaidam thrust belt and its foreland, the Wulan Basin. Our analyses reveal the North Qaidam thrust belt experienced multi-phase exhumation since the Cretaceous. A period of Eocene localized thrust-related uplift of the North Qaidam thrust belt initiated shortly after India-Asia collision, and lower erosion rates in the Oligocene allowed the thrust belt to expand along-strike eastward. Local uplift shed sediments to the southwest, directly into the Qaidam Basin. Reactivation of the proximal thrust faults and initiation of the northwest-striking right-slip Elashan fault at ca. 15–10 Ma drove the final accelerated mid-Miocene cooling and denudation to the surface. This phase of deformation established the overall framework morphology of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, including the overall structure of the basins and ranges.
Geochemical evidence for incorporation of subducting sediment-derived melts into the mantle source of Paleozoic high-Mg andesites from northwestern Tianshan in western China
Authors: Ma Li-Tao , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu , Fang Wei , Zhao Kai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although high-Mg andesites (HMA) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique geochemical composition and important geological significance, there is no consensus on their petrogenesis. The present study indicates that the subducting terrigenous sediment-derived hydrous melts were incorporated into the mantle source of Paleozoic HMA in northwestern Tianshan, western China. These HMA are composed of basaltic andesite and andesite. They generally exhibit arc-type trace element distribution patterns and weakly enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions. Some of them show remarkably higher Ba/La, Ba/Th, Rb/Nb, and U/Th ratios than normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Furthermore, most of them are characterized by higher Th/Nb, Th/Yb, and Th/Nd ratios but lower Nb/U ratios relative to normal MORB, similar to those of terrigenous sediments. Whole-rock Nd isotopes covary with Rb/Nb and Th/Yb ratios, indicating contributions from both oceanic crust-derived aqueous solutions and terrigenous sediment-derived hydrous melts. Together with their high zircon δ18O values, it appears that the mantle source of the target HMA contains terrigenous sediment-derived hydrous melts in addition to subducting oceanic crust-derived aqueous solutions. In the studied HMA, the andesite generally exhibits higher contents of large-ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements and more enrichments in Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes than the basaltic andesite. These differences indicate that the mantle source of andesite would contain more subducting sedimentderived hydrous melts than that of basaltic andesite. As a consequence, relatively Si-rich and Si-poor pyroxenite sources were respectively generated as the mantle sources of the andesite and basaltic andesite. This qualitative interpretation is verified by quantitative modeling of the geochemical transfer from subducting oceanic crust into the mantle wedge. Model calculations indicate that the addition of ~3% oceanic crust-derived aqueous solutions and 4%–12% terrigenous sediment-derived hydrous melts into the mantle wedge peridotite can account for the geochemical compositions of the target HMA. Therefore, the HMA in northwestern Tianshan provide the geochemical evidence for the crust-mantle interaction during the oceanic subduction in the Paleozoic. As such, the subducting terrigenous sediment-derived hydrous melts play a dominant role in the composition of the lithochemically fertile, geochemically enriched mantle sources and thus in the origin of HMA above oceanic subduction zones.
Featured Neoarchean granitoid association in the central North China Craton: An indicator of warm plate subduction
Authors: Sun Guozheng , Hu Yalu , Liu Shuwen , Li Sanzhong , Fu Jinghao , Gao Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diverse Neoarchean granitoid assemblages, which generally include tonalites–trondhjemites–granodiorites (TTGs) and various K-rich granitoids, are prevalent in most basement terranes of the North China Craton. However, the Hengshan terrane is an exceptional case in the North China Craton; it is dominated by late Neoarchean sodic diorite-TTGs (DTTGs) and sanukitoids. These sanukitoids are the only high-K granitoids and show Mg-rich chemical features. The late Neoarchean DTTGs and sanukitoids were generated at ca. 2486–2537 Ma and show an intimate spatial association. The granitoid assemblages of the DTTGs and sanukitoids are characterized by high Mg# [100 × Mg/ (Mg + Fetotal)] values (43–65) and enriched in light rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements, heterogeneous zircon Lu–Hf (εHf = −1.6 to +7.4), and whole-rock Sm–Nd (εNd = +0.9 to +4.2) isotopic components, which indicates that they may be derived from varying degrees of interactions between mantle peridotite and subduction-related materials. Combined with the relatively high apparent geothermal gradient (∼17 ± 2 °C/km) and the relatively low basal heat flow of continental crust (∼25 ± 5 mW m−2), the crustmantle interaction process indicates that the occurrence of late Neoarchean high-Mg magmatism was closely related to warm oceanic slab subduction in the Hengshan terrane, and the featured lithological association of DTTGs and sanukitoids most likely developed in the active continental margin at the end of the Archean.
Accumulation of windblown sand in impact craters on Mars
Authors: Gunn Andrew , Rubanenko Lior , Lapôtre Mathieu G.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Loose sand, blown away from source regions by winds, is transported across Mars's surface into sand sheets and dunes and accumulates within topographic sinks. In the absence of plate tectonics, impact craters constitute a dominant sink for windblown sediments on Mars today. We analyzed the volume of all mapped eolian sands in martian craters &gt;1 km in diameter to reveal spatiotemporal patterns of sediment accumulation on the planet's surface. We combined our results with global climate simulations, maps of depth to the ice table and dust cover, as well as lithologic and age information of the underlying geologic units, to better understand the controls on intracrater sand accumulation rates. We find that crater age, latitude, and lithology influence the accumulation rate of windblown sand and, notably, that it is enhanced in mechanically weaker substrates, high-latitude craters (suggesting that modern cryogenic processes may enhance sand production), and in Late Noachian and Early Hesperian craters (possibly hinting at increased erosion rates at that time).
Recurrent tectonic activity in northeastern Brazil during Pangea breakup: Constraints from U-Pb carbonate dating
Authors: Ganade Carlos E. , Cioffi Caue R. , Machado João Pacífico , Miranda Tiago , Lopes Leonardo B. , Weinberg Roberto F. , Celestino Maria Alcione , Carvalho Bruno , Guillong Marcel , Roberts Nick M.W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Carbonate U-Pb dating of samples from rift-bounding faults of intracontinental basins in the Borborema province, northeastern Brazil, indicate recurrent tectonic activity during Pangea breakup lasting for &gt;150 m.y. from the Late Triassic to the Paleocene, reactivating inherited strike-slip Neoproterozoic–Cambrian shear zones. Triassic ages indicate that brittle deformation started some 80 m.y. before previously known, most likely related to rifting along the incipient Central Atlantic. The subsequent Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic caused renewed fault activity during rifting and basin development. Furthermore, recurrent Cenozoic tectonic activity along the rift-bounding faults is indicated, suggesting that structural inheritance of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian continental-scale Borborema shear zone system has been responsible for accommodation of recurrent tectonic stress from Mesozoic rifting to the present day.
Post-Laramide, Eocene epeirogeny in central Colorado—The result of a mantle drip?
Authors: Abbott Lon D. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Metcalf James , Falkowski Sarah , Niazy Fatima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Southern Rocky Mountains first rose during the Laramide Orogeny (ca. 75–45 Ma), but today's mountains and adjacent Great Plains owe their current height to later epeirogenic surface uplift. When and why epeirogeny affected the region are controversial. Sedimentation histories in two central Colorado basins, the South Park–High Park and Denver basins, shifted at 56–54 Ma from an orogenic to an epeirogenic pattern, suggesting central Colorado experienced epeirogeny at that time. To interrogate that hypothesis, we analyzed thermal histories for seven samples from central Colorado's Arkansas Hills and High Park using thermochronometers with closure temperatures below ~180 °C, enabling us to track sample exhumation from ~5–7 km depth.
Three samples are from the Cretaceous Whitehorn pluton, and four are Precambrian granitoids. All zircon and titanite (U-Th)/He dates (ZHe and THe) and one apatite fission-track (AFT) date are similar to the 67 Ma pluton emplacement age. Whitehorn dates using the lower-temperature apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometer are 55–41 Ma. These data require two exhumation episodes, one ca. 67–60 Ma, the second beginning at 54–46 Ma. The pluton reached the surface by 37 Ma, based on the age of volcanic tuff filling a pluton-cutting paleovalley. The Precambrian samples do not further refine this thermal history owing to the comparatively higher He closure temperature of their more radiation-damaged apatite.
Laramide crustal shortening caused 67–60 Ma exhumation. Arkansas Hills shortening ended before 67 Ma, so shortening could not have caused the exhumation event that began 54–46 Ma; thermochronology supports the Eocene epeirogeny hypothesis. Epeirogeny affected &gt;2.0 × 104 km2, from the Sawatch Range to the Denver Basin. We attribute epeirogeny to an Eocene mantle drip that likely triggered subsequent drips, causing younger exhumation events in adjacent areas.
A juvenile Paleozoic ocean floor origin for eastern Stikinia, Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Ootes Luke , Milidragovic Dejan , Friedman Richard , Wall Corey , Cordey Fabrice , Luo Yan , Jones Gabrielle , Pearson D. Graham , Bergen Anika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Cordillera of Canada and Alaska is a type example of an accretionary orogen, but the origin of some terranes remains contentious (e.g., Stikinia of British Columbia and Yukon, Canada). Presented herein are igneous and detrital zircon U/Pb-Hf and trace-element data, as well as the first radio larian ages from the Asitka Group, the basement to eastern Stikinia. The data are used to evaluate the role of juvenile and ancient crust in the evolution of Stikinia and the tectonic environment of magmatism. Two rhyolites are dated by U-Pb zircon at 288.64 ± 0.21 Ma and 293.89 ± 0.31 Ma, with εHf(t) = +10. Red chert contains radiolarians that are correlated with P. scalprata m. rhombothoracata + Ruzhencevispongus uralicus assemblages (Artinskian–Kungurian). Detrital zircon U/Pb-Hf from a rare Asitka Group sandstone have a mode at ca. 320 Ma and εHf(t) +10 to +16; the detrital zircon suite includes five Paleoproterozoic zircons (~5% of the population). Detrital zircons from a stratigraphically over lying Hazelton Group (Telkwa Formation) volcanic sandstone indicate deposition at ca. 196 Ma with zircon εHf(t) that are on a crustal evolution line anchored from the Asitka Group.
Zircon trace-element data indicate that the Carboniferous detrital zircons formed in an ocean arc environment. The Proterozoic detrital zircons were derived from a peripheral landmass, but there is no zircon εHf(t) evidence that such a land-mass played any role in the magmatic evolution of eastern Stikinia. The data support that eastern Stikinia formed on Paleozoic ocean floor during the Carboniferous to early Permian. Consistent with previous fossil modeling, zircon statistical comparisons demonstrate that Stikinia and Wrangellia were related terranes during the Carboniferous to Permian, and they evolved separately from Yukon-Tanana terrane and cratonic North America.