bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise and emersion in air, and recovery in seawater in the green crab (Carcinus maenas): metabolic, acid–base, cardio-ventilatory and ionoregulatory responses
Authors: Wood Chris M. , Po Beverly H. K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In nature, the green crab exhibits emersion and terrestrial activity at low tide. Treadmill exercise in air (20–23°C) of crabs acclimated to 32 ppt seawater (13°C) revealed an inverse relationship between velocity and duration: 2.0 body lengths (BL) s−1 was sustainable for several minutes, and 0.25 BL s−1 was sustainable for long periods. Fatigue was not due to dehydration. Physiological responses over an 18 h recovery in seawater after near-exhaustive exercise (0.25 BL s−1, 1 h) in air were compared with responses after quiet emersion (1 h) in air. Exercising crabs exhibited transient scaphognathite slowing and progressive increases in heart rate, whereas emersed crabs exhibited persistent inhibition of ventilation and transient heart slowing. Upon return to seawater, all these rates increased above both control and treatment levels. Post-exercise disturbances were more marked and/or longer lasting (e.g. EPOC, hyperventilation, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, lactate elevation, ionic disturbances) than those after simple air exposure. However, an increase in net acidic equivalent excretion to the environment occurred after emersion but not after exercise. Instead, post-exercise crabs relied on carapace buffering, signalled by elevated haemolymph Ca2+ and Mg2+. Prolonged lowering of haemolymph PCO2 associated with hyperventilation also played a key role in acid–base recovery. EPOC after exercise was 3-fold greater than after emersion, sufficient to support resting ṀO2 for &gt;14 h. This reflected clearance of a large lactate load, likely by glycogen re-synthesis rather than oxidation. We conclude that the amphibious green crab uses a combination of aquatic and terrestrial strategies to support exercise in air, emersion in air and recovery in seawater.
The clinical value of conventional ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of BI-RADS 4 lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Guo Wenjuan , Li Fan , Jia Chao , Wang Tong , Zhang Xuemei , Yao Gehong , Shi Xiudong , Bai Min 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To determine the value of conventional ultrasound combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Category 4 lesions as detected by MRI.

Methods
A total of 176 breast lesions from 171 patients were detected by MRI and categorised as BI-RADS 4. All patients also underwent ultrasound and CEUS scans. The combination of ultrasound-BI-RADS and CEUS 5-point scoring system created the Rerated BI-RADS (referred to as CEUS-BI-RADS). The diagnostic performances of ultrasound and CEUS-BI-RADS were then compared. A χ 2 test was used to compare the CEUS features of mass-like and non-mass-like enhancement types of MRI-BI-RADS 4 lesions.

Results
There were 167 (167/176) breast lesions detected by ultrasound, with a detection rate of 94.89%, while all were subsequently detected by “second-look” ultrasound combined with CEUS, with a detection rate of 100%. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for ultrasound and CEUS-BI-RADS were 0.810 and 0.940, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of CEUS-BI-RADS was significantly higher than that of ultrasound alone (z = 3.264, p = 0.001). For both mass-like and non-mass-like enhancement types of MRI-BI-RADS 4 lesions, CEUS-BI-RADS demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity and accuracy. Moreover, 29 (29/176) category 4 lesions were downgraded to 3 by CEUS-BI-RADS.

Conclusion
Ultrasound combined with CEUS can allow reclassification, reduce biopsy rates, and facilitate pre-surgical localisation for biopsy or surgery for MRI-BI-RADS 4 lesions.

Advances in knowledge
For MRI-BI-RADS Category 4 lesions with a wide range of malignancies, ultrasound combined with CEUS is a promising diagnostic approach with high clinical utility.
Hospital costs and cosmetic outcome of benign and high-risk breast lesions managed by vacuum-assisted excision versus surgical excision
Authors: van de Voort Elles MF , Struik Gerson M , van Streun Sophia P , Verhoef Cornelis , Uyl-de Groot Carin A , Klem Taco MAL 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
Although vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) is a safe and effective alternative to surgical excision (SE), the latter is most commonly used for the management of benign and high-risk breast lesions. To evaluate the healthcare benefit of VAE, hospital costs and cosmetic outcome after VAE were compared to SE. Additionally, the impact of VAE implementation on hospital costs was investigated.

Methods:
This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study with two cohorts: “VAE” and “SE”. All patients with a benign or high-risk lesion excised by VAE or SE from January 2016 up to December 2019 were included. Cosmetic outcome was measured with the BCTOS-cosmetic subscale, and hospital costs were presented as mean (SD) and median (IQR).

Results:
During the study period, 258 patients with 295 excised lesions were included. The initial procedure was VAE in 102 patients and SE in 156 patients. Hospital costs after (median € 2324) were significantly lower than before (median € 3,144) implementation of VAE (mean difference € 1,004, p &lt; 0.001), most likely attributable to the lower costs for patients treated with VAE (mean difference € 1,979, p &lt; 0.001). Mean cosmetic outcome was comparable between VAE (median 1.35) and SE (median 1.44, p = 0.802).

Conclusions:
Implementing VAE as an alternative treatment option for benign and high-risk breast lesions resulted in a large decrease in hospital costs but a cosmetic benefit of VAE could not be demonstrated in this retrospective study.

Advances in knowledge:
Costs associated with the complete patient pathway were included and not only VAE was compared to SE but also the before cohort was compared to the after cohort to demonstrate the benefit of VAE implementation in clinical practice. Additionally, cosmetic outcome was compared between VAE and SE using patient reported outcome measures.
Case Report: What—or who—killed Frank Ramsey? Some reflections on cause of death and the nature of medical reasoning
Authors: Misak Cheryl , Naylor C David , Tonelli Mark , Greenhalgh Trisha , Foster Graham 
Published: May 2022

Philosopher Frank Ramsey died in 1930 aged only 26. There has been much speculation about the nature of his final illness and the sequence of events which led to his death. To prepare this case report, we traced Ramsey’s medical records and combined them with an extensive and unique dataset of contemporaneous sources. We use these to evaluate three possible explanations for Ramsey’s illness and its unexpectedly fatal trajectory—infectious (Weil’s disease), autoimmune (primary sclerosing cholangitis) and obstructive (gallstones). We explore how uncertainty surrounding each of these possibilities might have influenced Ramsey’s doctors’ thoughts and actions, including their ill-fated decision to perform the emergency operation that appears to have precipitated his final decline. We then reflect on the unfinished opus on which Ramsey was working when he died—on the nature of truth and how humans reason under conditions of uncertainty. We end with some thoughts linking Ramsey’s death to his philosophy.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY OF DOCTORS-TEACHERS OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Averin Vyacheslav A. , Zinkevich Elena R. , Fedyaev Andrey A. , Royalo Kirill V. 
Published: May 2022

The history of Russian medical education indicates the importance of developing the clinical thinking of a future doctor. Today, the problem has become even more acute due to the peculiarities of the educational situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when the training of future doctors was carried out online. Considering the difficulties of forming the clinical thinking of future doctors, in 2019-2022 a study was conducted at St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University to identify specific cognitive skills of medical university teachers who train prospective doctors.
Purpose. To study specific cognitive skills that determine the specifics of the intellectual activity of teachers of clinical and theoretical departments of medical universities that train prospective doctors.
Methodology. The research is based on activity-based and cognitive approaches that allow studying personality as a subject of professional activity. The diagnostic procedure was carried out using the R. Amthauer test. The structure of intelligence was determined by the factor analysis and the principal component method followed by varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization. The Statistica 10.0 program was used to process the obtained empirical results.
Results. The research materials served as a source of forming ideas about the features of cognitive skills underlying the clinical thinking of doctors – teachers of clinical and theoretical departments, contributing to the development of cognitive skills of prospective doctors and determining the success of their intellectual activity.
Conclusions. The obtained results can be used in the field of higher medical education.
FORMATION OF INTERETHNIC TOLERANCE THROUGH EDUCATIONAL SITUATION AT THE STAGE OF ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS TO THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sinenko Tatiana N. , Zalipaeva Olga A. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Political and socio-economic transformations taking place in the modern world, an orientation of Russian education to humanization and democratization impose a number of requirements on a specialist professional training quality at a university. Particularly in the modern labor community there are requirements regarding the readiness of a future specialist to carry out interpersonal interaction in professional activity in a multicultural, multinational and multi-confessional society. For the higher professional education of the Russian Federation the task of training a specialist with the ability to interpersonal interaction in professional activities (including empathy and interethnic tolerance) is of prime importance.
The purpose of the work is to describe the educational situation aimed at the formation of interethnic tolerance among students at the stage of adaptation to the educational environment of the university.
Methods. In the course of the study, a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature of the problem was carried out. It helped us to clarify the degree of relevance of the problem being studied. The method of observation and pedagogical experience analysis allowed us to describe the educational situation aimed at the interethnic tolerance formation.
The results of the study. Interethnic tolerance is considered to be a manifestation of the future specialist’s ability to interpersonal interaction in professional activities. The levels of interethnic tolerance formation among university students are given: amorphous-fragmentary, interiorization-reflexive and activity-holistic. In the article the educational situation “Adaptation” is described which is aimed at the formation of interethnic tolerance among students of multicultural educational groups the period of adaptation to the educational environment of the university..
Practical implications. The article will be useful for lecturers, curators of study groups, specialists in educational work with students, including tutors.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO PATIENTS WITH VASCULAR DISEASES AFTER SURGERY
Authors: Popenko Natalya V. , Chupina Viktoriia B. , Gavrilenko Larisa S. 
Published: May 2022

Currently, in the situation of coronavirus infection, diseases of the vascular system still occupy one of the leading positions among the causes of mortality. At this moment, an important task is providing psychological assistance to patients after surgery in a hospital setting.
Purpose. The research of the possibilities of psychological assistance after surgery for patients with chronic obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower limbs.
Materials and methods of research. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (A.S. Sigmondi R.P. Snaith) was used for diagnosis. The analysis of the results of psychological examination of patients with chronic obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower limbs was carried out in the period from 2020 to 2021 in Krasnoyarsk.
Results. The conducted research demonstrates the availability of depression as one of the clinical manifestations in the emotional sphere of patients with obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower limbs. The information of the effectiveness of psychological assistance to patients in a vascular hospital are presented. Methods of autogenic training, short-term positive psychotherapy and one of the methods of a standardized program of complex non-medicated therapy were used.
Conclusions. The obtained information allows us to talk about the positive impact of psychological care on patients after reconstructive operations in vascular surgery departments. With the activation of internal psychological resources, patients pay less attention to the issue of possible disability and strive to adapt to the conditions of the disease.
Practical implications. The results can be used in the psychotherapeutic practice of clinical psychologists.
Introduction: Fathering, poverty, families and policy
Authors: Tarrant Anna 
Published: May 2022

The Introductory chapter describes the ‘Men, Poverty and Lifetimes of Care’ study, situating it within the wider social and policy context of the UK. This chapter considers how fathers on a low-income or residing in some of the most deprived urban contexts in Britain are typically portrayed within a 'deficit model' in British media and political arenas, and how and why this has intensified in the austerity context. This is followed by a summary of the main substantive themes that are explored and advanced in the book; namely masculinities, the dynamics of low-income family life, and men’s longitudinal patterns of caregiving and family participation.
Policing Parenting, Family ‘Support’ and the Discipline and Punishment of Poor Families
Authors: Kiely Elizabeth , Swirak Katharina 
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the void between the social and economic realities of working class parenting and family life and the unrealities of what working class parents and families are expected to achieve. Forays into Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) research and programmatic interventions (Family Nurse Partnership and Troubled Families Programmes) into working class families, show how the responsibilisation of parents, who are being identified as deficient, is increasingly constructed as the solution to addressing the ‘reproduction’ of crime and poverty in legislation, policy and practice. As is argued in the chapter, poverty informed policies and unconditional, relational family support are approaches to working with families that are required more than ever.
Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework
Authors: Ng Jason Wei Jian , Vaithilingam Santha , Nair Mahendhiran , Hwang Li-Ann , Musa Kamarul Imran 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAs the vaccination drive against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia progresses rapidly, the main challenge will gradually shift from procuring and distributing vaccines to ensuring the broadest possible acceptance among all population segments. Therefore, this study used the integrated framework of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to investigate the predictors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia.MethodologyA market research company in Malaysia was engaged to collect data during June 11–20, 2021 using self-administered questionnaires via its online panel, ensuring a nationwide random sample of 804 respondents. A logistic regression was subsequently estimated to determine the significant predictors of vaccination intention.ResultsThe predictors that significantly affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia are age, susceptibility, religious beliefs, attitude, subjective norms, and trust in the vaccine. In particular, those who are more inclined to get vaccinated are older individuals, have a higher perceived risk of infection and social pressure to get vaccinated, have a positive attitude, and have high levels of trust in the vaccine. Individuals’ who perceive that their religious beliefs are against vaccination are more likely to exhibit uncertainty toward it.ConclusionThis study showed that although a large proportion of respondents indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19, there are concerns about religious barriers and trust in the vaccine that the relevant stakeholders should address. Campaigns should also focus on shaping the nation’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines, in parallel with encouraging people to use their social influence in helping those in their close circle who are unsure of vaccination to cross the line. These measures will prove to be pertinent as the nation begins to administer booster vaccines to tackle the waning effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
William Jackson Anderson
Authors: Jackson Alicia K. 
Published: May 2022

William Jackson Anderson develops from the son of very modest parents into one of the wealthiest men in Houston County. After his family’s move from South Carolina into newly acquired Creek territory in Central Georgia, William Jackson travels from Indian Springs to New Alabama and works as a clerk among the Creek Nation at the age of fourteen. After surviving the often violent Alabama frontier, he eventually settles in Macon and survives the Panic of 1837 and the depression that ensues. Penniless, William Jackson travels to Fort Valley and becomes a member of the influential Old Pond Church, which will later be known as the Fort Valley Methodist Church, where James Abington Everett, one of the richest men in Georgia, resides. Here he marries Rebecca Caroline Hollinshead whose wealth furthers his ability to become a successful merchant, and with the support of Everett and other town fathers, he re-makes himself into a merchant, banker, and slave trader as Fort Valley becomes a major producer of cotton and a growing slave community.
Mo’Nique
Authors: Mizejewski Linda 
Published: May 2022

In Mo’Nique’s comedy concert I Coulda Been Your Cellmate (2007), filmed at the Ohio Reformatory for Women, the comedian emphasizes her own identification with the incarcerated women, foregrounding her history of marginalization as a woman often told she was “too black” and “too fat” to succeed. This chapter by Linda Mizejewski delineates how Mo’nique draws on two rhetorical strategies in this performance. First, she taps the tradition of the con woman or female trickster, an approach that further aligns her with criminality. Second, and central to her empathy with her audience, is Mo’Nique’s identity as a “sister citizen,” to use Melissa V. Harris-Perry’s term, a black woman who understands abjection and shame and stands up against it to claim space in the public sphere.
Scorched-Earth Comedy
Authors: Gilbert Christopher J. 
Published: May 2022

To understand the bodies of evidence for a troubled U.S. war machine is to understand the bodies of those who suffer through it. Retired army staff sergeant and self-proclaimed wounded warrior turned “well done comedian,” Bobby Henline, embodies the notion that soldiers occupy literal bodies of knowledge about American militarism. More particularly, he utilizes humor as a vehicle for expressing what it is like for returning soldiers to come home from combat by situating himself as a comic body for bearing public witness to the “hidden wounds” of warfare. This chapter by Christopher J. Gilbert examines how Henline’s comicality serves to humor the shared, civic burdens of a soldier’s return to the home front.
Awkward Embrace
Authors: Kein Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

This chapter by Kathryn Kein argues that Tig Notaro’s humor not only utilizes discomfort as a comedic device; it depends upon it. Through productive discomfort, Notaro forces audiences to reckon with their own discomfort around both damaged bodies as well as androgynous individuals, a dynamic most clearly evident when Notaro removed her shirt for half of her HBO special, Boyish Girl Interrupted. Notaro’s work builds an empathetic response by leveraging the audience’s pre-existing discomfort against their preconceived notions of nonnormative bodies.
Leguizamo’s Comic Frame
Authors: Chirico Miriam M. 
Published: May 2022

As a theatrical monologist, John Leguizamo uses his on-stage persona to explore Latino identity. Through his comedic impersonations, he plays both himself as an ethnic minority as well as the other characters who view him from a majority-race perspective, and through these humorous interactions, he dramatizes the process of identity formation. The autobiographical one-man shows he performs on the stage show the challenges of identity construction for an ethnic minority, while also emphasizing how self-construction depends upon boundaries of difference. In other words, by impersonating himself as well as the other, he demonstrates how his sense of self is contingent upon an erroneous majority-white gaze. In this chapter, contributor Miriam M. Chirico show how as he constructs these humorous and poignant representational layers in performance, Leguizamo makes visible the mask he and other ethnic minorities wear, reminding audiences of the struggle for selfhood that lies behind such masks.
Larry the Cable Guy
Authors: Dewberry David R. 
Published: May 2022

This chapter by David R. Dewberry argues that Larry the Cable Guy (a.k.a., Dan Whitney) serves as a public intellectual in that he engages in sociopolitical criticism, focusing on political correctness, which some believe restricts their freedom of speech. To make this argument, the chapter reviews how comedian Dan Whitney developed Larry the Cable as a character. The paper then examines Larry the Cable Guy through the lens of Zygmunt Bauman's notions of the legislator (i.e., a modern public intellectual) and the interpreter (i.e., a postmodern public intellectual) to answer two questions: why many might find it hard to see Larry as a public intellectual, and how can we better understand him as a public intellectual? The chapter concludes with an appeal to examine intellectuals and comedians from the point of view of their communities in comedy and in other more serious communities that focus on preventative health care, a topic of importance to Dan Whitney.
Encountering Jazz Again
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn 
Published: May 2022

Revolutionary music continued to dominate the soundscape of socialist Vietnam throughout the 1970s. From the 1950s onwards, Vietnamese from the North were sent to Eastern European countries for vocational training and further education. Socialist Vietnam was not totally isolated from the rest of the world. Meanwhile, rock ‘n roll and other Western popular music had flourished in the South during the Second Indochina War. As the whole of Vietnam came under communist rule in 1975, a centrally planned economy and radical socialist ideology was applied from north to south. The dance halls and night clubs in Sài Gòn went silent and what little jazz that was once heard in the South completely disappeared in the public sphere
Berlin, 1987
Authors: Tan-Tangbau Stan BH , Minh Quyền Văn 
Published: May 2022

After 1975, the electric combo band began to emerge in Hà Nội. Nhạc nhẹ [light music], which had largely disappeared from the official stage after 1954, gradually resurfaced in the north. Song and dance troupes began including the electric combo band playing light music in shows, giving Minh the opportunities to flourish in the music scene. Toward the second half of the 1980s, popular Vietnamese love songs returned to the music scene as the Đổi Mới reforms were introduced. But jazz was yet to be found in the official soundscape. In 1987, Minh visited East Germany and heard jazz in the city of East Berlin.