bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three-Dimensional Paradigm for the Onset of Fluid Turbulence
Authors: Rathmann Carl 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A detailed and physically correct model of the origins of the fluid transition from laminar to turbulent flow has long evaded engineers, and designers have necessarily utilized simplified approaches, numerical models, and conservative assumptions. With the hope of formulating an easily understood and more accurate paradigm of the onset of turbulence, this paper proposes and elaborates on the “Modal Bifurcation Model” (MBM) as a new manner of describing the three-dimensional growth of turbulence in steady-state flows. The model proposes that the onset of turbulence is the manifestation of concurrent and interlinked bifurcating modes in velocity, pressure, and temperature in the flow with increasing Reynolds number. After summarizing the set of governing equations of fluid dynamics, the paper compares the relative roles played by the linear and non-linear terms in the equations, and re-formulates the set utilizing three-dimensional orthogonal function expansions. The paper investigates the excitation and concurrent bifurcations of orthogonal modes, and identifies simple and predictable patterns of the appearance and growth of all modes. The work reported here: confirms that the non-linear terms of the governing equations necessarily involve bifurcation phenomena that spread throughout the flow by mode coupling; reverses the historically assumed order of modal appearance as turbulence initially develops; verifies the supposition that first modal bifurcations appear in an identifiable order and, hence, are predictable; and suggests that the onset of turbulence can potentially be delayed in specific applications through mode-specific damping.
Internet Addiction and Relationships with Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Academic Performance among Egypt Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study
Authors: Sayed Moustafa , Medhat Christina , Aboelsaad Marina , Ibrahim Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
Pharmacy students represent the future of healthcare professionals and with daily use of the internet for different activities has made internet addiction (IA) of a growing concern. The main objectives of this study were to 1) assess internet addiction among pharmacy undergraduate students as well as factors associated with it; 2) assess the relationships between internet addiction and common mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress), in addition to academic performance and body mass index factors.
Methods
We utilized a cross-sectional questionnaire that was conducted among 808 students of Egypt university pharmacy students across the country. The surveys used included: Young Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21).
Results
YIAT average score was 44.75 (19.72%); prevalence rate of potential IA was 311 (38.5%) with no gender significant difference. We couldn’t detect any type of correlation between potential IA, stress, anxiety, depression and GPA. However, a robust correlation was found between internet addiction vs depression, anxiety and stress collectively.
Conclusions
Internet addiction is usually associated with mental related disorders thus it is of paramount important to identify it among students. Different therapeutic interventions could include management to IA and common psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
A Thermal Aware Application Mapping Algorithm for Photonic networks-on-chip
Authors: Ghafori Arash , reza akram , Mirzaee Reza Faghih 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photonic Network on Chip(PNoC) is a promising solution to overcome scalability and power consumption challenges in the traditional Network on Chip(NoC), with high bandwidth and low latency communication. Thermal sensitivity is one of the main problems in PNoC network. Because of the thermal sensitivity of photonic devices, thermal effects can cause the operation becomes incorrect or inaccurate, same as Laser power efficiency degradation, wavelength shifting, power loss due to wavelength mismatch, and switching disorders. Therefore, the goal of this study is set to present a suitable new mapping algorithm, which aims to Thermal distribution and maximum reduction thermal of PNoC. The main parameter that affects power consumption and thermal is a maximum power loss, maximum number of WDM channels and maximum communication thermal correlation. By increasing the amount of maximum power loss and the maximum number of WDM channels, the power of the signal in the source must be increased, which leads to an increase in thermal PNoC. In this paper, we modelled thermal parameters and suggested a fitness function to evaluate application mapping algorithms based on genetic algorithms. Based on evaluation results, the minimum thermal improvement is 23% in GA mapping with different W Coefficient and 46% improvement compared to the Nmap algorithm.
Free water diffusion MRI differentiates suicide ideators from attempters with treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Vandeloo Katie , Burhunduli Patricia , Bouix Sylvain , Owsia Kimia , Cho Kang Ik Kevin , Fang Zhuo , Geel Amanda Van , Pasternak Ofer , Blier Pierre , Phillips Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Suicide attempt is highly prevalent in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), however, the neurobiological profile of suicidal ideation versus suicide attempt is unclear. Neuroimaging methods including diffusion MRI (dMRI) based free water imaging may identify neural correlates underlying the progression from suicidal ideation to attempts in individuals with TRD. dMRI data were obtained from 64 participants, including 39 patients with TRD (n=21 suicide ideators and n=18 suicide attempters), and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Depression and suicidal ideation severity were examined using clinician-rated and self-report measures. Whole-brain analysis of neuroimaging data was conducted using tract-based spatial statistics via FMRIB Software Library to identify between-group differences in white matter microstructural integrity in suicide ideators versus attempters, and in patients with TRD versus controls. Free water imaging revealed elevated axial diffusivity (AD) and extracellular free water (FW) in fronto-thalamo-limbic white matter tracts of suicide attempters compared to ideators (thresholded p<0.05, FWE corrected). In a separate comparison, patients with TRD were found to have widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD), as well as elevated radial diffusivity (RD) compared to healthy controls. A unique neural signature consisting of elevated AD and FW is identified for the first time in suicide attempters with TRD. Findings of reduced FA, AD, and elevated RD in patients versus controls are consistent with previously published studies. Multimodal and prospective investigations are recommended to better understand biological correlates of suicide attempt.
Comprehensive study of the occurrence and characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in sediments and riparian soils of large drinking water reservoir
Authors: Hu Shuanggang , Cui Kangping , Chen Yihan , Hassan Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The contamination of nutrients has caused considerable worry about the environment, resource value, and ecological worth of drinking water reservoirs. Therefore, we comprehensively studied the abundance, sources, distribution, and environmental behavior of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Fengshuba Reservoir (FSBR) (a large drinking reservoir, China). Seasonal hydrological circumstances had little influence on the nutrient abundance and structural component of the FSBR, while carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus abundance, composition, and environmental behavior varied significantly between various environmental media (sediment and soil phases). Microbial-derived humus (C1), terrestrial-derived humus (C2), and protein-like tryptophan (C3) were identified as the three primary fluorescence components using parallel factor analysis. The abundance of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), molecular weight, aromatization degree, and humification degree of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sediment were lower than in the soil, whereas the authigenic component was greater than in the soil, according to spectral index analysis. The main sources of humus in FSBR were biogenic contributions. Principal component analysis indicated that three components were closely associated to phosphorus in the sediment phase, whereas nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil phase were mainly related to C1 and C2. In summary, in the management and control of water environment nutrients in reservoirs, soil media in the riparian zone must be carefully considered.
MicroRNA-sequencing Analysis of Plasma-derived Exosomes Provides Novel Insights into the Disease Mechanism of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Zhu Teng , Sun Jing , Tian Jing , Liang Yuan , Ma Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Exosomes are nano-size vesicles that plays important roles in transporting cellular modulators including microRNAs (miRNAs), DNA and proteins between cells. Exosomes and their components are proved to implicate a variety of dermatologic disorders in adults. However, the expression pattern of exosomal miRNAs in pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) patients has not been well studied. Methods: Plasma samples were drawn from 5 pediatric AD patients and 5 age-matched healthy volunteers. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (DEPEMs) between those two groups. Bioinformatics tools including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to explore the DEPEMs involved canonical pathways and their relationships with the pathogenesis of AD. Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for validation and measurement of DEPEM levels. Results: A total of 40 DEPEMs, including 29 upregulated and 11 downregulated DEPEMs, were identified. Using the miRanda and TargetScan databases, 17,238 target genes of the 40 DEPEMs were predicted. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses suggested that these target genes were involved in multiple functions and pathways associated with AD, such as the skin barrier, T-cell differentiation and keratinocyte proliferation. 10 selected DEPEMS, including 5 downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-301a-5p_R-1, hsa-mir-1273c-p3, hsa-miR-374b-3p and hsa-miR-1908-5p) and 5 upregulated miRNAs (hsa-let-7b-3p_R-1_1ss21CT, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-100-5p_R-1, hsa-miR-27a-5p and hsa-mir-3976-p3_1ss16AT) were verified through RT-qPCR. Conclusions: This study provides the first genomic profile for understanding the pathogenesis and potential biomarkers for pediatric AD patients. The DEPEMs from our study differs from those from adult AD patients, suggesting children with AD have distinct peripheral exosomal miRNA expression. DEPEMs may serve as promising novel biomarkers or regulators of pediatric AD pathology.
The effects of Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta- analysis
Authors: Zheng Xing , Zhang Wenwen , Wan Xiaojuan , Lv Xiaoyan , Lin Peng , Si Shucheng , Xue Fuzhong , Wang Aijun , Cao Yingjuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

To explore the impact of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D) by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrance Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases to identify RCTs that compared the Mediterranean diet with control diets in patients with T2D up to December 2021. The Risk of Bias of the included studies was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools for randomized trials (ROB 2). Seven RCTs with 1371 patients met the eligibility criteria and entered into the meta-analysis. Compared to control diets, the beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet were not statistically significant in high-density lipoprotein (MD = 2.33; 95% CI: -0.27 to 4.92), low-density lipoprotein (MD -2.34; 95% CI -5.67 to 0.99) and total cholesterol (MD = 2.92; 95% CI: -0.84 to 6.67). But Mediterranean diet led to reduce the level of systolic blood pressure (MD = -1.20; 95% CI: -2.21 to -0.19) and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -4.17; 95% CI: -7.12 to -1.22). Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet showed beneficial effects in glycemic control (HbA1[%]:MD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.20; fasting plasma glucose: MD = -15.12 mg/dl, 95% CI: -24.69 to -5.55mg/dl) and weight loss (BMI: MD = -0.71, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.78; MD = -1.69; 95% CI: -3.35 to -0.02) compared to the control diets. The meta-analysis provided evidence the Mediterranean diet showed the beneficial improvements in blood pressure glycemic control and weight loss, but the effect of Mediterranean diet on lipid profile was not significant, which needed further verification.
Impacts of Energy Consumptions, Economic Growth, ICT, Military Expenditure, and Tourism on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from G20 Countries
Authors: Uddin Myne , Ahamad Shamsuddin , Ehigiamusoe Kizito Uyi , Rashid Md. Harun-Ur 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study determines the effects of economic growth, energy consumption, information and communication technology (ICT), military expenditure, and tourism on CO2 emissions for the G20 countries by employing panel data from 1980 to 2019. In the presence of cross-sectional dependence and mixed order of integration, the study employs Westerlund co-integration test and panel ARDL approach to obtain reliable, consistent, and unbiased long-run associations among the intended variables. The empirical results of the analysis demonstrate that energy consumption, ICT and military expenditure increase CO2 emissions while economic growth mitigates CO2 emissions. However, tourism has an insignificant effect on CO2 emissions. Hence, the study recommends that policymakers should take appropriate actions to control CO2 emissions through environment-friendly strategies.
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein facilitates cell–cell fusion
Authors: Kim Jinman , Kim Seokin , Park Jung-Eun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein mediates virus entry by binding to the host cell receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), and catalyzing virus–host membrane fusion. The S protein also mediates cell–cell fusion, potentially allowing the virus to spread virion-independently. Here, we compared the fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant S proteins using a cell–cell fusion assay.
Results
In cells overexpressing hACE2, cell–cell fusion ability of all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants was similar to that of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. However, in cells with endogenous hACE2, SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Delta variant, stimulated significantly greater cell–cell fusion than the original strain. Our results showed that the Delta variant S protein is the most fusogenic and can spread rapidly by utilizing small amounts of hACE2.
Utility of Monocyte Distribution Width for Diagnosing Colonic Diverticulitis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Chang Chang-Yuan , Hsu Tai-Yi , He Guan-Yi , Shih Hong-Mo , Huang Fen-Wei , Chen Pei-Chun , Tsai Wen-Chen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundColonic diverticulitis is a leading cause of abdominal pain. The monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel inflammatory biomarker with prognostic significance for coronavirus disease and pancreatitis; however, no study has assessed its correlation with the severity of colonic diverticulitis.MethodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18 years who presented to the emergency department between November 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021, and received a diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis after abdominal computed tomography. The characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients with simple versus complicated diverticulitis were compared. The significance of categorical data was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of complicated colonic diverticulitis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the efficacy of inflammatory biomarkers in distinguishing simple from complicated cases.ResultsOf the 160 patients enrolled, 21 (13.125%) had complicated diverticulitis. Although right-sided was more prevalent than left-sided colonic diverticulitis (70% versus 30%), complicated diverticulitis was more common in those with left-sided colonic diverticulitis (61.905%, p = 0.001). Age, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and MDW were significantly higher in the complicated diverticulitis group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that left-sided location and the MDW were significant and independent predictors of complicated diverticulitis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was as follows: MDW, 0.870 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.784–0.956); CRP, 0.800 (95% CI, 0.707–0.892); NLR, 0.724 (95% CI, 0.616–0.832); PLR, 0.662 (95% CI, 0.525–0.798); and WBC, 0.679 (95% CI, 0.563–0.795). The MDW had the largest AUC for diagnosing complicated diverticulitis; when the MDW cutoff was 20.38, the sensitivity and specificity were maximized to 90.5% and 80.6%, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with complicated diverticulitis were significantly older and predominantly had left-sided colonic diverticulitis. A large MDW was a significant and independent predictor of complicated diverticulitis. The MDW may aid in planning antibiotic therapy for patients with colonic diverticulitis in the emergency department.
Accuracy of Behavioral Health Variables in Oregon National Violent Death Reporting System Data: A Linked Cohort Study
Authors: Carlson Kathleen F. , Gilbert Tess A. , DeFrancesco Susan , Wright Dagan A. , Shen Xun , Cook Lawrence J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects data on the circumstances of violent deaths, and all firearm-related deaths, across states and territories in the United States. This surveillance system is critical to understanding patterns and risk factors for these fatalities, thereby informing targets for prevention. NVDRS variables include behavioral health conditions among decedents, but the validity of the reported behavioral health data is unknown. Using Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare records as a criterion standard, we examined the accuracy of NVDRS-reported behavioral health variables for veteran decedents in a sample state (Oregon) between 2003 and 2017.
Methods
We linked Oregon NVDRS data to VA healthcare data to identify veteran decedents who used VA services within two years of death. Veterans’ VA diagnoses within this time frame, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and substance use disorders, were compared to behavioral health variables identified in the Oregon NVDRS. Concordance, sensitivity, and correlates of sensitivity were examined over time and by decedent characteristics.
Results
We identified 791 VA-using veterans with fatal injuries documented in the Oregon NVDRS between 2003 and 2017. In this cohort, the Oregon NVDRS accurately identified only 49% of decedents who were diagnosed with depression, 45% of those diagnosed with PTSD, and 17% of those diagnosed with anxiety by the VA. Among 211 veterans diagnosed by the VA with a substance use disorder, the Oregon NVDRS coded only 56% as having a substance use problem. In general, the sensitivity of behavioral health variables in the Oregon NVDRS remained the same or decreased over the study period; however, the sensitivity of PTSD diagnoses increased from 21% in 2003–2005 to 54% in 2015–2017. Sensitivity varied by some decedent characteristics, but not consistently across behavioral health variables.
Conclusions
NVDRS data from one state missed more than half of behavioral health diagnoses among VA-using veterans who died from violence or from firearm injuries. This suggests that reports of behavioral health conditions among decedents nationally may be severely undercounted. Efforts to improve validity of these variables in state NVDRS data are needed.
Variation in polyphenolics, bioactive compounds and nutrients of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) after exposure to copper and copper oxide nanoparticles: Health risk implications of nanofertilizers in agriculture
Authors: Karmous Inès , Kadri Oumaima , Rahmani Rami , Chaoui Abdelilah , Debouba Mohamed , Lachiheb Belgacem , Bouhamda Talel , Mabrouk Mahmoud , Sheehan David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Possible impacts of nanofertilizer-mediated agriculture were assessed by studying the effects of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuNP and CuO NP) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in many phytochemicals. CuNP and CuO NP caused depletion of several phenolic acids and flavonoids, which may reduce the antioxidant potential of foods derived from barley. An additional effect was noted as a deficiency in some bioactive compounds such as the volatile organic compounds. In addition, an imbalance in essential minerals may have impacts on biochemical and physiological functions in the human body. Alteration of nutritional quality, added to the accumulation of toxic cupric ions and hazards associated with possible induction of oxidative stress raise concerns about use of Cu and CuO based nanofertilizers in agriculture without more rigorous risk-assessment.
Chronic hypoxia favours adoption to a castration-resistant cell state in prostate cancer
Authors: Lupien Mathieu , Cameron Sarina , Deblois Genevieve , Hawley James , Qamra Aditi , Zhou Stanley , Tonekaboni Seyed , Murison Alexander , Vliet Romy Van , Liu Juan , Locasale Jason 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Predicting and treating recurrence in intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients remains a challenge despite having identified genomic instability (1) and hypoxia (2,3) as risk factors. This underlies challenges in assigning the functional impact of these risk factors to mechanisms promoting prostate cancer progression. Here we show chronic hypoxia (CH), as observed in prostate tumours (4), leads to the adoption of an androgen-independent state in prostate cancer cells. Specifically, CH results in prostate cancer cells adopting transcriptional and metabolic alterations typical of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. These changes include increased expression of transmembrane transporters for the methionine cycle and related pathways leading to increased abundance of metabolites and expression of enzymes related to glycolysis. Targeting the Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) identified a dependency on glycolysis in androgen-independent cells. Overall, we identified a therapeutically targetable weakness in chronic hypoxia and androgen-independent prostate cancer. These findings may offer additional strategies for treatment development against hypoxic prostate cancer.