bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy for the health professional in online asynchronous graduate education: an initial design thinking approach to program improvement
Authors: Bayer Ilana , Elma Asiana , Nasser Muhammadhasan , Grierson Lawrence 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealth professionals engage in continuous professional development through higher education. As traditional university learning environments pose a challenge to working health professionals, distance education allows these learners to engage in higher education in alignment with their learning preferences and needs. Literature on health professional learners’ experiences in online learning environments report findings at the course level and/or focus on a singular aspect of the online learning experience.ObjectivesIn this initial study, we aim to understand the health professional learner’s perspective in a distance graduate education program and make normative recommendations to improve the health professional learner experience in an online environment.MethodsWithin the context of theEmpathyarm of Deitte and Omary’s (Deitte and Omary in Acad Radiol 26:1417–1420, 2019) Design Thinking methodology, we conducted a two-part sequential explanatory qualitative study. Part 1 involved focus groups with stakeholders (n = 14) of the Health Science Education (HSED) Graduate Program at McMaster University (Hamilton, Canada). Part 2 entailed semi-structured interviews with learners (n = 11) in the HSED Program. An unconstrained approach to directed content analysis was used to analyze the data and construct themes.ResultsAn overarching theme of ‘the learner experience is an autonomous-supportive online learning environment’ was constructed, with two sub-themes: learner autonomy and building community.ConclusionLearners valued an autonomous-supportive online learning environment wherein they could tailor their educational experiences while also fostering a sense of community in the online environment. Future research should consider how a balance between maintaining autonomy in pacing learning and building community can be achieved to enhance the health professional learner experience in an online environment.
Gender Distribution Associated With the Journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Authors: Keyes Linda E. , Schlein Sarah M. , Brown Alainna B. , Polukoff Natalya E. , Byrne Alicia , Pollock Neal W. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Publication and peer review are fundamental to career advancement in science and academic medicine. Studies demonstrate that women are underrepresented in science publishing. We evaluated the gender distribution of contributors to Wilderness & Environmental Medicine ( WEM) from 2010 through 2019. Methods We extracted author data from ScienceDirect, reviewer data from the WEM Editorial Manager database, and editorial board data from journal records. Gender (female and male) was classified using automated probability-based assessment with Genderize.io software. Results A total of 2297 unique authors were published over the 10-y span, generating 3613 authorships, of which gender was classified for 96% (n=3480). Women represented 26% (n=572) of all authors, which breaks down to 22% of all, 19% of first, 28% of second, and 18% of last authorships. Women represented 20% of peer reviewers (508/2517), 20% of reviewers-in-training (19/72), and 16% of editorial board members (7/45). The proportion of female authors, first authors, and reviewers increased over time. Women received fewer invitations per reviewer than men (mean 2.1 [95% CI 2.0-2.3] vs 2.4 [95% CI 2.3-2.5]; P=0.004), accepted reviews at similar rates (mean 73 vs 71%; P=0.214), and returned reviews 1.4 d later (mean 10.4 [CI 9.5-11.3] vs 9.0 d [95% CI 8.5-9.6]; P=0.005). Conclusions While female representation increased over the study period, women comprise a minority of WEM authors, peer reviewers, and editorial board members. Gender equity could be improved by identifying and eliminating barriers to participation, addressing any potential bias in review processes, implementing strategies to increase female-authored submissions, and increasing mentorship and training.
Gender Equity in Membership, Leadership, and Award Recognition in the Wilderness Medical Society
Authors: Schlein Sarah M. , Pollock Neal W. , Polukoff Natalya E. , Brown Alainna B. , Byrne Alicia , Keyes Linda E. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Despite near gender parity for women entering medical careers, women remain underrepresented in medical societies. This study evaluated the gender distribution associated with Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) activities. Methods A retrospective review was performed on the gender breakdown of the following WMS members: a single-day 2020 snapshot, conference attendees 2012 through 2020, conference presenters from winter 2017 through winter 2021, and leadership and awards data from 1984 through 2021. Genderize.io was used to generate probability-based gender categorizations (male/female) based on first names or pronoun associations. Results Gender was assigned in 91% (4043/4461) of 2020 WMS members, 92% (6179/6720) of 2012-2020 conference attendees, and 100% of remaining categories. Women represented 28% (1143/4043) of members, 27% (1679/6179) of conference attendees, 31% (143/465) of all conference presenters, 20% (62/303) of mainstage presenters, 23% (17/75) of all board members, 38% (14/37) of committee chairs, and 10% (2/20) of board presidents. Women received 18% (42/228) of recognition awards and 31% (15/48) of research grants issued. Conclusions Although women comprise a minority of WMS participants, gender distribution was similar across categories for membership, conference presenters, total board positions, and research grant awards. Relative underrepresentation was seen in the highest leadership levels, in recognition awards, and in mainstage presenters. Ongoing auditing may help to identify and address sources of bias and/or barriers to participation. Although it is only one of many components of equity, identifying successes and future opportunities for gender balance can strengthen the base of the WMS, promote growth, and ensure a strong leadership pipeline.
Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought
Authors: Namazi Rasoul 
Published: June 2022

In this book, Rasoul Namazi offers the first in-depth study of Leo Strauss' writings on Islamic political thought, a topic that interested Strauss over the course of his career. Namazi's volume focuses on several important studies by Strauss on Islamic thought. He critically analyzes Strauss's notes on Averroes' commentary on Plato's Republic and also proposes an interpretation of Strauss' theologico-political notes on the Arabian Nights. Namazi also interprets Strauss' essay on Alfarabi's enigmatic treatise, The Philosophy of Plato and provides a detailed commentary on his complex essay devoted to Alfarabi's summary of Plato's Laws. Based on previously unpublished material from Strauss' papers, Namazi's volume provides new insights into Strauss' reflections on religion, philosophy, and politics, and their relationship to wisdom, persecution, divine law, and unbelief in the works of key Muslim thinkers. His work presents Strauss as one of the most innovative historians and scholars of Islamic thought of all time.
Rise of clathrodictyid stromatoporoids during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: insights from the Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation of South China
Authors: Jeon Juwan , Liang Kun , Kershaw Stephen , Park Jino , Lee Mirinae , Zhang Yuandong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClathrodictyids are the most abundant stromatoporoids in the Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation (middle to upper Katian) of South China. A total of nine species belonging to four clathrodictyid genera are identified in the formation, includingClathrodictyon idenseWebby and Banks, 1976,Clathrodictyoncf.Cl. microundulatumNestor, 1964,Clathrodictyoncf.Cl.mammillatum(Schmidt, 1858),Clathrodictyon megalamellatumJeon n. sp.,Clathrodictyon plicatumWebby and Banks, 1976,Ecclimadictyon nestoriWebby, 1969,Ecclimadictyon undatumWebby and Banks, 1976,Camptodictyon amzassensis(Khalfina, 1960), andLabyrinthodictyon cascum(Webby and Morris, 1976). The clathrodictyid fauna in the Xiazhen Formation is very similar to those from both New South Wales and Tasmania, although the latter two Australian regions do not share any common clathrodictyid species during the Late Ordovician. The paleobiogeographic pattern indicates that the northward drift of South China resulted in a favorable environment for the migration of clathrodictyids from other peri-Gondwanan terranes to South China. In addition, these peri-Gondwanan clathrodictyid species hosted various endobionts, representing a variety of paleoecological interactions. The high abundance and species-level diversity of clathrodictyid species presumably increased the substrate availability of suitable host taxa, judging from the diverse intergrowth associations between clathrodictyids and other benthic organisms. These paleoecological interactions between stromatoporoid and other organisms are known from the Late Ordovician and became more abundant and widespread in the Siluro–Devonian. Overall, the Late Ordovician clathrodictyid assemblage in South China demonstrates one of the highest species-level diversities among all peri-Gondwanan terranes and represents a precursor of the complex, clathrodictyid-dominated communities of later metazoan reefs during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.UUID:http://zoobank.org/6063c47d-cb77-4a03-98cf-b2354656dea6
Metazoan parasite communities of the Pacific red snapper,Lutjanus peru(Perciformes: Lutjanidae): interannual variations in parasite communities
Authors: Villalba-Vasquez P.J. , Violante-González J. , Pulido-Flores G. , Monks S. , Rojas-Herrera A.A. , Flores-Rodríguez P. , Cayetano C.V. , Rosas-Acevedo J.L , Santos-Bustos N.G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetazoan parasite communities can experience temporal structural changes related to seasonal and/or local variations in several biotic and abiotic environmental factors. However, few studies have addressed this issue in tropical regions, where changes in water temperature are less extreme than in temperate regions, so the factors or processes that can generate variations in these parasite communities are as yet unclear. We quantified and analysed the parasite communities of 421Lutjanus peru(Nichols & Murphy, 1922) collected from Acapulco Bay in Guerrero, Mexico, over a four-year period (August 2018 to April 2021), to identify any interannual variation due to local biotic and abiotic factors influenced by natural oceanographic phenomena, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation, or La Niña. Twenty-five metazoan parasite taxa were recovered and identified: seven Digenea species; two Monogenea; one Cestoda; one Acanthocephala; four Nematoda; and ten of Crustacea (seven Copepoda and three Isopoda). The digeneans and copepods were the best represented parasite groups. The parasite communities were characterized by a high numerical dominance of helminth larvae. Species richness at the component community level (13 to 19 species) was similar to reported richness in otherLutjanusspp. The parasite communities ofL. peruhad a high variability in species composition, but low aggregate variability (e.g. species diversity), suggesting that structure of these communities may be quite stable over time. A clear interannual variation pattern was not observed, suggesting that parasite species of this host may respond differently to variations in environmental factors. Interannual variations were possibly caused by a combination of biotic (i.e. host feeding behaviour and body size) and local abiotic factors (influenced by climatic anomalies) which generated notable changes in the infection levels of several component species.
New records of the Endangered southern river otter Lontra provocax, with notes on its diet, in threatened wetlands of southern Chile
Authors: Fuentes Norka , Arriagada Aldo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe wetlands inhabited by the southern river otter Lontra provocax in Chile are subject to anthropogenic disturbances. As a result of the modification and destruction of its habitat, caused by loss of riparian vegetation, and other threats, the species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We monitored the river otter and its diet during September 2020–January 2021 in a swamp forest fragment in southern Chile. We obtained evidence of river otter presence from the upper part of the wetland to the confluence with the Bueno River, suggesting inter-population connectivity of the species in an extensive hydrographic basin. Faeces and food remains showed a predominance of native macrocrustaceans, with introduced fish present at lower levels. The detection of the southern river otter in a fragment of threatened swamp forest suggests a low abundance in environmentally degraded freshwater environments. The identification of subpopulations such as the one reported here provides valuable data to support the conservation of the species in threatened wetlands.
Prevalence of the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: White William F. , Burgess Aaron , Dalgleish Tim , Halligan Sarah , Hiller Rachel , Oxley Anna , Smith Patrick , Meiser-Stedman Richard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD-DS) was introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and is characterised by symptoms of either depersonalisation or derealisation, in addition to a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to estimate the point prevalence of current PTSD-DS, and the extent to which method of assessment, demographic and trauma variables moderate this estimate, across different methods of prevalence estimation. Studies included were identified by searching MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycInfo, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete and PTSDpubs, yielding 49 studies that met the inclusion criteria (N= 8214 participants). A random-effects meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of PTSD-DS as 38.1% (95% CI 31.5–45.0%) across all samples, 45.5% (95% CI 37.7–53.4%) across all diagnosis-based and clinical cut-off samples, 22.8% (95% CI 14.8–32.0%) across all latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA) samples and 48.1% (95% CI 35.0–61.3%) across samples which strictly used the DSM-5 PTSD criteria; all as a proportion of those already with a diagnosis of PTSD. All results were characterised by high levels of heterogeneity, limiting generalisability. Moderator analyses mostly failed to identify sources of heterogeneity. PTSD-DS was more prevalent in children compared to adults, and in diagnosis-based and clinical cut-off samples compared to LCA and LPA samples. Risk of bias was not significantly related to prevalence estimates. The implications of these results are discussed further.
Exploring grower strategies and needs for enhancing organic disease management of tomato late blight
Authors: Wu K. Tina , Gevens Amanda J. , Silva Erin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLate blight, caused by the oomycetePhytophthora infestans, poses a significant challenge to organic tomato and potato production systems across the globe. To enhance education and outreach programming pertaining to tomato organic late blight management in Wisconsin, we sought to identify grower strategies and needs through an online survey conducted during spring 2018. Our findings demonstrated that organic growers emphasized crop diversity, crop rotation and soil health in their late blight management decisions. Grower concerns about biopesticides were identified and suggest that the use of input-based products within integrated management programs could be enhanced by further research on effectiveness and modes of actions. Additionally, stronger emphasis on oomycete pathogen biology and the significance of late blight as a community disease were identified as important areas of emphasis in the development of organic disease management education programming and resources that promote more effective cultural and chemical disease management strategies that adhere to the regulation and principles underlying the USDA National Organic Program. The integration of a live polling questionnaire conducted in winter 2019 allowed us to corroborate findings from the online survey and underscored the importance of two-way learning to enhance outreach efforts between Extension and organic growers in Wisconsin and the surrounding upper Midwestern states.
Analyzing Recharge Dynamics and Storage in a Thick, Karstic Vadose Zone
Authors: Spellman Patricia , Breithaupt Charles , Bremner Paul , Gulley Jason , Jenson John , Lander Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKarst vadose zone heterogeneity creates complex transmission and storage dynamics that affect the timing and magnitude of aquifer recharge. Young, high‐matrix permeability eogenetic karst aquifers may have significantly higher matrix storage than older, lower matrix permeability counterparts. In vulnerable and water‐limited karst regions, the timescales of storage may be important for seasonal and sub‐seasonal water resource management. We create a framework to quantify storage dynamics in karst aquifers using high‐resolution precipitation and groundwater levels from the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer in the US territory of Guam. We estimate recharge using the Water Table Fluctuation method, and then develop transfer functions between precipitation and recharge to quantify storage and release of water from the vadose zone. The transfer functions are partitioned into different flow pathways including conduit, conduit/matrix, and slowly draining matrix. Probability distributions are fit to each pathway to determine the average travel times of infiltrated waters. The results show that aquifer recharge through secondary porosity features typically occurs within a few hours of a rainfall event, but this rapid recharge accounts for only 12%–28% of total recharge. The majority of aquifer recharge (>70%) occurs within a month of a contributing storm event. An additional 10% of recharge, on average, took longer than a month to reach the water table. The framework established can help improve the hydrological modeling and freshwater management for karst aquifers.
Extreme Nitrate Deficits in the Western Arctic Ocean: Origin, Decadal Changes, and Implications for Denitrification on a Polar Marginal Shelf
Authors: Zhuang Yanpei , Jin Haiyan , Cai Wei‐Jun , Li Hongliang , Qi Di , Chen Jianfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe western Arctic Ocean is known to be nitrate deficient relative to phosphate but the decadal trend and the processes contributing to the deficit are not clear. To investigate changes in this extreme nitrate deficit of over 10 μmol/kg and its causal mechanisms, nutrient concentrations were examined along a transect spanning the Bering Basin, the Bering–Chukchi Shelf, and the western Arctic Ocean Basin over the last two decades (1994–2018). The results show that the extreme nitrate deficit has extended to greater depths and further north during the past two decades, which coincided with the expansion of Pacific water in the western Arctic Ocean. Subsurface nutrient stocks in the basin areas appear to have increased, but are accompanied by a larger nitrate deficit, which may be due to stronger shelf denitrification. This nitrate loss (∆N) caused by shelf denitrification was estimated to be 7.3 ± 0.1 μmol/kg during the interval 2012–2018, which was ∼10% higher than that in 1994. This suggests an intensification of denitrification on this marginal shelf under climatic and environmental change in the Arctic Ocean.
Predictive Capabilities of Corotating Interaction Regions Using STEREO and Wind In‐Situ Observations
Authors: Chi Yutian , Shen Chenglong , Scott Christopher , Xu Mengjiao , Owens Mathew , Wang Yuming , Lockwood Mike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar wind stream interaction regions (SIRs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) can cause geomagnetic storms and change energetic particle environment, ionospheric composition on Earth. Therefore advanced warning of SIRs/CIRs is vital for mitigating the effect of space weather on critical infrastructures in modern society. Recently, several solar missions, for example, Vigil mission (Luntama et al., 2020) and Solar Ring mission (Wang et al., 2020), that can be served as a space weather monitor, have been proposed. To evaluate the capabilities of these future missions of predicting SIRs/CIRs, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO‐B) spacecraft is used to investigate the correlation between SIRs/CIRs detected by STEREO‐B and Wind spacecraft. The correlation coefficients of solar wind velocity in SIRs/CIRs are significantly higher than that of magnetic field intensity or plasma density. It indicates that the velocity structure of solar wind is more persistent than magnetic field and ion density. By assuming the SIR/CIR structures are stable and ideal corotation, 58.9% of SIRs/CIRs in the STEREO‐B CIR catalog can be used to predict CIR arrival time in near‐Earth space. With increasing longitudinal and latitudinal separations between STEREO‐B and Wind, the percentage of accurately predicted CIRs decreases gradually from 100% to 20%. If the separation angle between STEREO‐B and Wind is within 30° in longitude and approximately ±5° in latitude, more than 93.2% of SIRs/CIRs can be accurately predicted several days in advance. This demonstrates that a spacecraft situated 30° trailing Earth in its orbit, can optimize our space weather‐predicting capabilities for the Earth and lessen the risk of missing or “false alarms” CIRs.
Dual-color terahertz spatial light modulator for single-pixel imaging
Authors: Li Weili , Hu Xuemei , Wu Jingbo , Fan Kebin , Chen Benwen , Zhang Caihong , Hu Wei , Cao Xun , Jin Biaobing , Lu Yanqing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpatial light modulators (SLM), capable of dynamically and spatially manipulating electromagnetic waves, have reshaped modern life in projection display and remote sensing. The progress of SLM will expedite next-generation communication and biomedical imaging in the terahertz (THz) range. However, most current THz SLMs are adapted from optical alternatives that still need improvement in terms of uniformity, speed, and bandwidth. Here, we designed, fabricated, and characterized an 8 × 8 THz SLM based on tunable liquid crystal metamaterial absorbers for THz single-pixel compressive imaging. We demonstrated dual-color compressive sensing (CS) imaging for dispersive objects utilizing the large frequency shift controlled by an external electric field. We developed auto-calibrated compressive sensing (ACS) algorithm to mitigate the impact of the spatially nonuniform THz incident beam and pixel modulation, which significantly improves the fidelity of reconstructed images. Furthermore, the complementary modulation at two absorption frequencies enables Hadamard masks with negative element values to be realized by frequency-switching, thereby halving the imaging time. The demonstrated imaging system paves a new route for THz single-pixel multispectral imaging with high reliability and low cost.