bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Angiopep-2 targeted dendrimer-based nanotheranostic system for enhanced temozolomide delivery to glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Parashar Ashish Kumar , Saraogi Gaurav Kant , Shrivastava Vivek , Bagri Rashmi , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Sethi Vandana Arora , Jain Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme remains a challenging cancer to treat effectively. This study focuses on developing a novel nanotheranostic platform to improve targeted temozolomide delivery and enhance glioblastoma multiforme treatment.

Results
This study successfully developed a multifunctional nanocarrier system utilizing fourth-generation polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimers, functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for enhanced biocompatibility and conjugated with Angiopep-2 (ANG-2) for targeted delivery to glioblastoma multiforme cells. Incorporating silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots conferred near-infrared (NIR) imaging capabilities, enabling noninvasive real-time monitoring. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry validated the successful synthesis, functionalization, and encapsulation of the nanocarrier, with evidence of efficient loading of temozolomide (TMZ) at 56.32 ± 2.8%. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release profile, achieving 52.86 ± 2.09% release within 24 h. Ex vivo studies revealed significantly enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against BCECs and C6 glioma cells compared to free TMZ, while in vivo biodistribution studies confirmed targeted accumulation of the nanocarrier in tumor tissues, as visualized through NIR imaging.

Conclusions
This study highlights the significant potential of the developed dendrimer-based nanotheranostic system as an innovative platform for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. The successful integration of fourth-generation PPI dendrimers, PEG functionalization, ANG-2 targeting ligands, and Ag2S quantum dots enabled precise imaging-guided delivery and targeted temozolomide therapy. The system demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, high drug-loading capacity, sustained drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and tumor-specific accumulation, translating into superior therapeutic efficacy and real-time imaging capabilities. These findings highlight the promise of this multifunctional nanoplatform in addressing the challenges of glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for future clinical translation in personalized cancer treatment.
The secret behind instant messaging: video identification attack against complex protocols
Authors: Huang Ruiqi , Wu Hua , Wang Xiaohui , Cheng Guang , Hu Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People conveniently share and watch videos through Instant Messaging(IM) software, which is likely to reveal their preferences. Identifying IM video content can enable attackers to snoop on user privacy. Existing methods identify videos based on the features embodied in the DASH stream. However, IM software does not transmit video using DASH. IM software uses various transmission protocols or even private protocols for video transmission, which poses a challenge for video content identification. In this paper, we propose a video content identification framework for IM software, which obtains video content by extracting unique and stable features of videos as transmission fingerprints and matching them in a video fingerprint database. We evaluate the method on two popular IM software. The experimental results show that our method has an accuracy of 98.05% and 99.49% for ciphertext videos transmitted over GQUIC protocol and HTTPS protocol, respectively, and even reaches 100% identification accuracy for plaintext videos. Furthermore, the experimental results outperform the existing methods.
Regulation and inhibition of type III secretion systems in plant pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Xie Xin , Zhao Zhibo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are syringe-like apparatuses acting as protein transport nanomachines found in most Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. They can inject effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm, crossing the host cell membrane, and cause infection. Due to their critical role in pathogenicity, T3SS represent attractive targets for vaccinations and disease treatments. This review elucidates the overarching structural framework and operational mechanisms of T3SS apparatuses while also delineating the responsiveness of phytobacterial T3SS to host-derived signals and the nuanced orchestration of their activities by host and environmental stimuli. This discussion encompasses shared features and idiosyncratic attributes among a spectrum of pathogens, including but not limited to Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas, and Erwinia. Additionally, we scrutinize the contribution of natural products and synthetic chemicals as T3SS inhibitors, elucidating their hallmark and role in the ongoing quest for and design of novel drugs. An in-depth comprehension of T3SS functionality and the modes of action of diverse inhibitors holds promise for developing innovative drugs aimed at swiftly suppressing phyto-pathogenicity elicited by a spectrum of bacterial species.
Comparison of Sagittal Plane Correction With “Bullet” Versus “Banana” Type Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices
Authors: Pennington Zach , Hamouda Abdelrahman , Martini Michael , Kumar Rahul , Mikula Anthony L. , Potes Maria Astudillo , Bydon Mohamad , Clarke Michelle J. , Krauss William E. , Nassr Ahmad N. , Freedman Brett A. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Fogelson Jeremy L. , Elder Benjamin D. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) allows for direct and indirect decompression and segmental lordosis in sagittal plane correction. This study compares the effectiveness of “Bullet” type and “Banana” type devices for sagittal plane correction.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent 1-level or 2-level TLIF for degenerative pathology at a single tertiary care center were identified. Details were extracted on demographics, interbody dimensions, and preoperative and postoperative lumbopelvic parameters from upright radiographs. Cages were categorized as “Bullet” or “Banana” type based on morphology and manufacturer description of optimal position. Univariable comparisons between levels treated with “Bullet” and “Banana” type interbodies were performed. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of postoperative segmental lordosis and change in segmental lordosis.

RESULTS:
One hundred and ninety eight unique patients (median 66.6 years; [IQR 59.5, 73.7]; 56.6% female) were included with 241 levels treated, of which 114 (52.7%) were treated with “Banana” type interbodies and 127 (47.3%) with “Bullet” type. “Banana” type interbodies afforded both greater postoperative segmental lordosis (8.1 [6.2, 10.7] vs 7.5 [5.2, 9.6]; P = .048) and greater increase in segmental lordosis (3.3 [0.7, 7.0] vs 2.3 [0.1, 4.2]; P = .015). On multivariable linear regression, only preoperative segmental lordosis (β = 0.322 per degree; [0.244, 0.399]; P < .001), implant listed lordosis (β = 0.146 per degree; 95% CI [0.048, 0.244]; P = .004), preoperative pelvic incidence (0.072 per degree; [0.034, 0.111]; P < .001), and use of bilateral TLIF windows (β = 3.133; [1.213, 5.053]; P = .001) were predictive of postoperative segmental lordosis.

CONCLUSION:
The present analysis suggests that baseline lumbopelvic anatomy, interbody lordosis, and the use of bilateral TLIF windows are the most important predictors of postoperative segmental lordosis. Use of “Banana” vs “Bullet” type interbodies was not predictive of segmental lordosis achieved on immediate postoperative upright radiographs. Further work is merited to determine whether the 2 interbody types demonstrate differences regarding subsidence risk or maintenance of correction.
Integrating animal tracking and trait data to facilitate global ecological discoveries
Authors: Beltran Roxanne S. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Adamczak Stephanie K. , Beumer Larissa T. , Czapanskiy Max F. , Davidson Sarah C. , McLean Bryan S. , Mueller Thomas , Payne Allison R. , Soria Carmen D. , Weeks Brian C. , Williams Terrie M. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Understanding animal movement is at the core of ecology, evolution and conservation science. Big data approaches for animal tracking have facilitated impactful synthesis research on spatial biology and behavior in ecologically important and human-impacted regions. Similarly, databases of animal traits (e.g. body size, limb length, locomotion method, lifespan) have been used for a wide range of comparative questions, with emerging data being shared at the level of individuals and populations. Here, we argue that the proliferation of both types of publicly available data creates exciting opportunities to unlock new avenues of research, such as spatial planning and ecological forecasting. We assessed the feasibility of combining animal tracking and trait databases to develop and test hypotheses across geographic, temporal and biological allometric scales. We identified multiple research questions addressing performance and distribution constraints that could be answered by integrating trait and tracking data. For example, how do physiological (e.g. metabolic rates) and biomechanical traits (e.g. limb length, locomotion form) influence migration distances? We illustrate the potential of our framework with three case studies that effectively integrate trait and tracking data for comparative research. An important challenge ahead is the lack of taxonomic and spatial overlap in trait and tracking databases. We identify critical next steps for future integration of tracking and trait databases, with the most impactful being open and interlinked individual-level data. Coordinated efforts to combine trait and tracking databases will accelerate global ecological and evolutionary insights and inform conservation and management decisions in our changing world.
Movement ecology of gelatinous zooplankton: approaches, challenges and future directions
Authors: Gemmell Brad J. , Colin Sean P. , Costello John H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Understanding the movement patterns and behavior of marine organisms is fundamental for numerous ecological, conservation and management applications. Over the past several decades, advancements in tracking technologies and analytical methods have revolutionized our ability to study marine animal movements. Oceanic zooplankton often make up the bulk of the macroscopic animal biomass in the oceans, yet we know very little about the life histories, migrations and long-term behaviors of these ecologically important animals. In this Review, we consider recent developments in marine movement ecology and animal tracking techniques of gelatinous zooplankton, and discuss the challenges, opportunities and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
The energetics of movement, from exercise to ecology and evolution
Authors: Pontzer Herman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Movement is energetically costly, requiring muscle activity to support and propel the animal as it walks, runs, climbs, swims or flies. In this Review, I examine the metabolic impact of locomotion over different timescales. During locomotion, whole-body energy expenditure can rise by more than an order of magnitude above resting, and these costs arise from activating muscle to exert force as well as the work that muscles perform. Over hours or days, locomotion can dominate daily energy expenditure (i.e. field metabolic rate), particularly when provisioning young, migrating, or during other periods of intense activity. The relationship between muscle force and metabolic cost means that locomotor costs and daily expenditures can be tracked using wearable accelerometers. Over longer timescales, however, the relationship between locomotion and daily expenditure becomes more tenuous. Compensatory trade-offs with other physiological activity, including thermoregulation, growth, maintenance and reproduction, obscure the relationship between daily locomotor activity and daily energy expenditure. Over evolutionary timeframes, variation in daily locomotor activity does not predict variation in daily expenditure. The apparent trade-offs between locomotor expenditure and other physiological tasks suggests that, over long timescales, the cost of locomotion might be best measured by its effects on other systems. The impact of locomotion on growth, reproduction and maintenance should be incorporated into ecological and evolutionary assessments of the costs of movement.
Towards the yin and yang of fish locomotion: linking energetics, ecology and mechanics through field and lab approaches
Authors: Liao James C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Most of our understanding of fish locomotion has focused on elementary behaviors such as steady swimming and escape responses in simple environments. As the field matures, increasing attention is being paid to transient and unsteady behaviors that characterize more complex interactions with the environment. This Commentary advocates for an ecologically relevant approach to lab studies. Specific examples have brought new understanding to the energetic consequences of fish swimming, such as (1) station holding around bluff bodies, which departs drastically from steady swimming in almost all aspects of kinematics, muscle activity and energetics, and (2) transient behaviors such as acceleration and feeding, which are critical to survival but often neglected because of challenges in measuring costs. Beyond the lab, a far richer diversity of behaviors is available when fish are given enough space and time to move. Mesocosm studies are poised to reveal new insights into fish swimming that are inaccessible in laboratory settings. Next-generation biologgers that incorporate neural recordings will usher in a new era for understanding biomechanics in the wild and open the door for a more mechanistic understanding of how changing environments affect animal movement. These advances promise to allow insights into animal locomotion in ways that will mutually complement and accelerate laboratory and field studies in the years to come.
Integrating muscle energetics into biomechanical models to understand variance in the cost of movement
Authors: Lichtwark Glen A. , Jessup Luke N. , Konno Ryan N. , Riveros-Matthey Cristian D. , Dick Taylor J. M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
In this Review, we explore the state of the art of biomechanical models for estimating energy consumption during terrestrial locomotion. We consider different mechanical models that provide a solid framework to understand movement energetics from the perspective of force and work requirements. Whilst such models are highly informative, they lack specificity for predicting absolute metabolic rates across a range of species or variations in movement patterns. Muscles consume energy when they activate to generate tension, as well as when they shorten to generate positive work. Phenomenological muscle models incorporating steady-state parameters have been developed and are able to reproduce how muscle fibre energy consumption changes under different contractile conditions; however, such models are difficult to validate when scaled up to whole muscle. This is, in part, owing to limited availability of data that relate muscle dynamics to energetic rates during contraction of large mammalian muscles. Furthermore, factors including the compliance of tendinous tissue, dynamic shape changes and motor unit recruitment can alter the dynamics of muscle contractile tissue and potentially improve muscle efficiency under some locomotion conditions. Despite the many challenges, energetic cost estimates derived from musculoskeletal models that simulate muscle function required to generate movement have been shown to reasonably predict changes in human metabolic rates under different movement conditions. However, accurate predictions of absolute metabolic rate are still elusive. We suggest that conceptual models may be adapted based on our understanding of muscle energetics to better predict the variance in movement energetics both within and between terrestrial species.
An annual cycle perspective on energetics and locomotion of migratory animals
Authors: Shamoun-Baranes Judy , Camphuysen Kees C. J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Animal migrations, or long-distance movements, on land, through water or in the air, are considered energetically costly because of the investment in persistent locomotion typical for migration. Diverse strategies exist to manage these energetic costs. Yet migration is only one stage in an annual cycle and may not be the most energetically costly. To better understand how free-ranging animals adaptively organize energy expenditure and locomotion, an annual cycle perspective is needed. Bio-logging data are collected for a range of animal species and could facilitate a life cycle approach to study energy expenditure. We provide examples from several studies across different taxa, as well as a more in-depth exploration from our own recent research on time activity budgets based on field observations and bio-logging data to estimate daily energy expenditure in a migratory seabird throughout a year. Our research has shown that daily energy expenditure is highest (1.7× average daily energy expenditure) during the spring migration of long-distance migratory gulls, whereas short-distance migrants expend the most energy (1.4× average daily energy expenditure) during the breeding season. Based on the examples provided, we show how bio-energetic models create exciting opportunities to study daily energetics and behaviour of migratory animals, although limitations also still exist. Such studies can reveal when, where and why peaks and lulls in energy expenditure arise over the annual cycle of a migrant, if long-distance movements are indeed energetically expensive and how animals can adapt to fluctuating demands in their natural environment throughout the year.
Integrating physiology into movement ecology of large terrestrial mammals
Authors: Hetem Robyn S. , Haylock Kiara A. , Boyers Melinda , Parrini Francesca , Owen-Smith Norman , Beytell Piet , Strauss W. Maartin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Movement paths are influenced by external factors and depend on an individual's navigation capacity (Where to move?), motion capacity (How to move?) and are ultimately driven by internal physiological state (Why move?). Despite physiology underlying most aspects of this movement ecology framework, the physiology–movement nexus remains understudied in large terrestrial mammals. Within this Commentary, we highlight the physiological processes that underpin the movement ecology framework and how integrating physiological measurements can provide mechanistic insights that may enhance our understanding of the drivers of animal movement. We focus on large terrestrial mammals, which are well represented within the movement ecology literature but are under-represented in movement studies that integrate physiological state. Recent advances in biologging technology allow for physiological variables, such as heart rate and body movements, to be recorded remotely and continuously in free-living animals. Biologging of body temperature may provide additional insights into the physiological states driving movement. Body temperature not only provides a measure of thermal stress, but also an index of animal wellbeing through quantification of nutrition, hydration, reproductive and disease states that may drive animal movements. Integrating measures of body temperature with fine-scale GPS locations may provide insights into causality and improve our mechanistic understanding of animal movement, which is crucial for understanding population performance and monitoring reintroduction success. We recommend that baseline studies are undertaken, linking animal movement to the underlying physiological mechanisms, to allow for the development of realistic predictive models to improve conservation efforts in the Anthropocene.
Behavioural energetics in human locomotion: how energy use influences how we move
Authors: McAllister Megan J. , Chen Anthony , Selinger Jessica C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Nearly a century of research has shown that humans, and other animals, tend to move in ways that minimize energy use. A growing body of evidence suggests that energetic cost is not only an outcome of our movement, but also plays a central role in continuously shaping it. This has led to an emerging research area, at the nexus between biomechanics and neuroscience, termed behavioural energetics, which is focused on understanding the mechanisms of energy optimization and how this shapes our coordination and behaviour. In this Review, we first summarize the existing evidence for and against our preferred locomotor behaviours coinciding with energy optima. Although evidence of our preference for energetically optimal gaits has existed for decades, new research is revealing its relevance across a surprising array of dynamic locomotor tasks and complex environments. We next discuss evidence that we adapt our gait toward energy optima over short timescales and in novel environments, which we view as a more stringent test that energy expenditure is optimized in real-time. This necessitates that we sense energy use, or proxies for it, on similar timescales. We therefore next provide an overview of candidate sensory mechanisms of energy expenditure. Finally, we discuss how behavioural energetics can be applied to novel wearable assistive technologies and rehabilitation paradigms, and conclude the Review by outlining what we see as the most important future challenges and opportunities in behavioural energetics.
eIF5A downregulated by mechanical overloading delays chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by regulating the CREBBP-mediated Notch pathway
Authors: Huang Jialuo , Zheng Jianrong , Yin Jianbin , Lin Rengui , Wu Junfeng , Xu Hao-Ran , Zhu Jinjian , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Guiqing , Cai Daozhang 
Published: February 2025

AimsTo examine how eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) regulates osteoarthritis (OA) during mechanical overload and the specific mechanism.MethodsHistological experiments used human bone samples and C57BL/6J mice knee samples. All cell experiments were performed using mice primary chondrocytes. Messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing was performed on chondrocytes treated with 20% cyclic tensile strain for 24 hours. Western blot (WB) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect relevant indicators of cartilage function in chondrocytes. We created the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model and the mechanical overload-induced OA model and injected with overexpressing eIF5A adenovirus (eIF5A-ADV). Cartilage degeneration was evaluated using Safranin O/Fast Green staining. Relative protein levels were ascertained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining.ResultsAfter OA initiation, eIF5A caused an upregulation of type II collagen (COL2) and a downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), P16, and P21, which postponed the aggravation of OA. Further sequencing and experimental findings revealed that eIF5A knockdown accelerated the progression of OA by boosting the expression of histone acetyltransferase cyclic-adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CREBBP) to mediate activation of the Notch pathway.ConclusionOur findings identified a crucial functional mechanism for the onset of OA, and suggest that intra-articular eIF5A injections might be a useful therapeutic strategy for OA treatment.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2025;14(2):124–135.