bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-breath changes in respiratory mechanics assessed from multi-frequency oscillometry measurements
Authors: Makan Gergely , Dandurand Ronald J , Gingl Zoltán , Hantos Zoltán 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective. Recent studies in respiratory system impedance (Zrs) with single-frequency oscillometry have demonstrated the utility of novel intra-breath measures of Zrs in the detection of pathological alterations in respiratory mechanics. In the present work, we addressed the feasibility of extracting intra-breath information from Zrs data sets obtained with conventional oscillometry.Approach. Multi-frequency recordings obtained in a pulmonology practice were re-analysed to track the 11 Hz component of Zrs during normal breathing and compare the intra-breath measures to that obtained with a single 10 Hz signal in the same subjects. A nonlinear model was employed to simulate changes in Zrs in the breathing cycle. The values of resistance (R) and reactance (X) at end expiration and end inspiration and their corresponding differences (ΔRand ΔX) were compared.Main results. All intra-breath measures exhibited similar mean values at 10 and 11 Hz in each subject; however, the variabilities were higher at 11 Hz, especially for ΔRand ΔX. The poorer quality of the 11 Hz data was primarily caused by the overlapping of modulation side lobes of adjacent oscillation frequencies. This cross-talk was enhanced by double breathing frequency components due to flow nonlinearities.Significance. Retrospective intra-breath assessment of large or special data bases of conventional oscillometry can be performed to better characterise respiratory mechanics in different populations and disease groups. The results also have implications in the optimum design of multiple-frequency oscillometry (avoidance of densely spaced frequencies) and the use of filtering procedures that preserve the intra-breath modulation information.
Coupled multiphysics modeling of the thermal-magnetic-mechanical instability behavior in bulk superconductors during pulsed field magnetization
Authors: Jing Ze 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Magnetization is of great importance for the application of bulk superconductors. Flux jumps are frequently-encountered challenges during magnetization, leading to sharp temperature rises and material failure, and eventually affecting the field trapping capability of bulk superconductors. Intrinsically, the flux jumps and mechanical failure induced by thermomagnetic instability are coupled with each other, which makes the numerical simulation of the magnetization of bulk superconductors a challenging task. In this paper, a numerical simulation framework is developed based on my previous work (Jing 2020 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
33 075009), which further couples the H-formulation and the phase-field fracture model with the heat diffusion equation to simulate the flux jump and mechanical failure behaviors of bulk superconductors during magnetization. The experimentally observed features of the flux jumps are reproduced, and the corresponding mechanical failure is evaluated. The magnetic field, temperature, stress/strain, and mechanical failure within the bulk sample are presented. It is found that the varying ramp rate of the pulsed field significantly influences the flux jump behaviors of bulk superconductors. The optimum characteristic time

t
0

of the pulsed field for the final trapped field is predicted through numerical simulations.
Atomic and mesoscopic structure of Dy-based surface alloys on noble metals
Authors: Mousavion Sina , Yu Ka Man , Maniraj Mahalingam , Lyu Lu , Knippertz Johannes , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Surface alloys are a highly flexible class of low dimensional materials with the opportunity to tune and control the spin and charge carrier functionalities on the nanoscale. Here, we focus on the atomic and mesoscopic structural details of three distinct binary rare-earth-noble metals (NM) surface alloys by employing scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Using Dysprosium as the guest element on fcc(111) NM substrates, we identify the formation of non-commensurate surface alloy superstructures, which lead to homogeneous moiré patterns for DyCu2/Cu(111) and DyAu2/Au(111), while an inhomogeneous one is found for DyAg2/Ag(111). The local structure was analyzed for these samples and the observed differences are discussed in the light of the lattice mismatches of the alloy layer with respect to the underlying substrate. For the particularly intriguing case of a DyAg2 surface alloy, the surface alloy layer does not show a uniform long-range periodic structure, but consists of local hexagonal tiles separated by extended domain walls, which occur likely to relieve the in-plane strain within the DyAg2 surface alloy layer. Our findings clearly demonstrate that surface alloying is an intriguing tool to tailor the local atomic structure as well as the mesoscopic moiré structures of metallic heterostructures.
Atomic real-space perspective of light-field-driven currents in graphene
Authors: Morimoto Yuya , Shinohara Yasushi , Ishikawa Kenichi L , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When graphene is exposed to a strong few-cycle optical field, a directional electric current can be induced depending on the carrier-envelope phase of the field. This phenomenon has successfully been explained by the charge dynamics in reciprocal space, namely an asymmetry in the conduction band population left after the laser excitation. However, the corresponding real-space perspective has not been explored so far although it could yield knowledge about the atomic origin of the macroscopic currents. In this work, by adapting the nearest-neighbor tight-binding model including overlap integrals and the semiconductor Bloch equation, we reveal the spatial distributions of the light-field-driven currents on the atomic scale and show how they are related to the light-induced changes of charge densities. The atomic-scale currents flow dominantly through the network of the π bonds and are the strongest at the bonds parallel to the field polarization, where an increase of the charge density is observed. The real-space maps of the currents and changes in charge densities are elucidated using simple symmetries connecting real and reciprocal space. We also discuss the strong-field-driven Rabi oscillations appearing in the atomic-scale charge densities. This work highlights the importance of real-space measurements and stimulates future time-resolved atomic-scale experimental studies with high-energy electrons or x-rays, for examples.
Nonlinear Thomson scattering radiation characteristics in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses with different pulse widths
Authors: Chang Yifan , Cai Zishuai , Shen Yuting , Tian Youwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In our work, the radiation characteristics of the pulse width for nonlinear Thomson scattering produced by the interaction of a linearly polarized tightly focused laser with a stationary electron are investigated. Theoretical derivation without approximation and numerical simulation results reveal that long pulses imply more complex electrodynamic processes. Radiation bifurcation and coupling phenomena caused by increasing pulse width are found. The radiation energy in the direction of maximum radiation also decreases with the increase of the pulse width. For the first time, the acceleration changes and γ value changes of electron motion caused by linearly polarized laser pulses are shown, and these changes are combined to explain the changes of radiation. At the same time, the full-spatial angular distribution of nonlinear Thomson scattering induced by linearly polarized light was plotted for the first time, and the existence and variation of the radiation angular width were found.
Traffic-related sources may dominate urban water contamination for many organic contaminants
Authors: Awonaike Boluwatife , Parajulee Abha , Lei Ying Duan , Wania Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Urban runoff and wastewater/sewage input are majorly responsible for the contamination of urban streams. In streams where wastewater input is not a considerable input, the importance of urban runoff as a mechanism of contaminant transport and delivery from urban surfaces to receiving waters is even more apparent. Extensive studies on two such streams in Southern Ontario, Canada yielded data on the occurrence and levels of multiple contaminant groups (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and quinones, benzotriazoles (BTs), BT ultraviolet stabilizers, organophosphate esters, herbicides) and the influence of factors such as temperature, rainfall characteristics, and land use. Here, we collectively examined the data from these studies to identify any trends and further insights. Using concentration-discharge relationships, we found that the transport dynamics of many particle-bound compounds are strikingly similar to each other, and to that of suspended solids in which they were quantified, suggesting a single, predominant source. Similar urban to rural ratios across compound groups and strong correlations with road density further support the existence of a dominant source and point to traffic as this source, respectively. Although road traffic had not previously been implicated as a major source of many of the investigated compound groups, their uses suggest that traffic-related sources are very plausible. Overall, this work highlights that traffic is a major source of a surprisingly wide array of organic contaminants to urban surfaces, and subsequently to nearby streams.
Durability Aspects of Geo-Polymer Mortar Using Single Alkaline Activator Solution
Authors: Mallikarjuna Rao G. , Venu M. , Anil Y. , Noolu Venkatesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study mainly focuses on durability aspects of combination of fly Ash and GGBS based geo-polymer mortar were investigated by immersing the mortar cubes in sea water and against 5% sulphuric acid attack. To carry out the experimentation a single alkaline activator solution of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) was used to produce geo-polymer mortar specimens. In this, varied parameters are mix proportion of fly ash and GGBS and binder (fly ash + GGBS) to fine aggregate selected as 1:1 and 1:3. Similarly alkaline to binder ratio are 0.45and 0.60 respectively. Casted specimens of size 100mmx100mmx100mm and tested for 7 days and 28 days and cured under ambient temperature. In this experimentation varied mix proportions are (100 % FA-0 % GGBS, 75 % FA-25 % GGBS, 50 % FA-50% GGBS, 25 % FA-75 % GGBS, and 0% FA-100 % GGBS). The mixes with higher GGBS content shows greater mass loss and strength degradation when the cubes were immersed in sulphuric acid solution. The obtained results shows that the immersed specimens in sea water shows very less mass loss and strength loss when compared with specimens immersed in sulphuric acid solution.
Creep, chloride, carbonation and sulphate attack on concrete
Authors: Murali Krishna B. , Sai Asrith P. , Tezeswi T.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deterioration of concrete structures with age and environmental factors like creep, chloride, carbonation and sulphate attack in the presence of a corrosive environment leads to a decrease in their performance in terms of load-bearing capacity and serviceability. The present work attempts to develop a model for the impairment in the strength of RC beams because of the combined effects of creep and sulphate attack. It also aims at studying the individual effects of chloride carbonation attacks with the help of established deterioration models. The equations of instantaneous elastic modulus and long term creep described in Indian standard codes (IRC 112) enable modelling the deterioration of modulus of elasticity of concrete as a function of time. The influence of sulphate attack on concrete strength against time is obtained from an empirical research study. Standard numerical models are employed to understand the effects of chloride ingress and carbonation phenomena. The consequences of the aforementioned attacks on an M30 grade concrete girder beam are presented in this paper. The results showed that the creep and sulphate attacks tend to dwindle over the course of time, while the effect of the former is more dominant than that of the latter. In addition, the initiation times for carbonation and chloride attacks were estimated, and it was observed that for a pristine RC beam chloride attack is highly imminent than carbonation.
Numerical Simulations of Composite Materials
Authors: Manish Kumar N , Sameer Sk , Divya K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Throughout the last decade, the usage of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements in civil infrastructure has risen exponentially, owing to its superior corrosion protection, high durability, and non-magnetization characteristics. Furthermore, as a result of the poor modulus of elasticity of the FRP composites and its non-yielding properties, significant deflection and broad fractures are seen in the FRP reinforced concrete components under consideration. The emphasis of present study is on the behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete beams. The total of nine finite element-based simulations were carried out (ABAQUS). The concrete damage plasticity modelling was considered while performing the analysis. Three different kinds of FRP bars such as CFRP, BFRP, and GFRP, were utilized as reinforcement in longitudinal and transverse direction for concrete beams. Literature was used to validate the numerical findings, and the parametric research has been carried out for varying factors, such as the diameter size, number of bars, the kind of FRP bars used, and the longitudinal arrangement of FRP bars. When CFRP bars were utilized, the load capacity increased by anywhere from 8.88% to 62.92%. Beams that have been reinforced with CFRP carry more weight than beams reinforced with GFRP and BFRP. The increase in CFRP bars tends to give some ductility to the beam via the bi-linear load-to-ductility curve. In similarly, the GFRP reinforced beams improve the ductility of the structure as a whole.
A Study on Strength Characteristics of Steel-Boron Composites as Reinforcement Bars in Reinforced concrete Beam
Authors: Haindavi M , Nipun G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metal matrix composites are the most widely used materials in automotive, aerospace, defense industries etc. The engineering properties of metal matrix composites [MMC] are well known. By relying on MMC’S, civil engineering field has lot of benefits. MMC’S are not well-versed in civil engineering discipline, due to lack of awareness and cost complexes. This paper deals with the study of strength characteristics of steel - boron fiber composite as reinforced bars in concrete beam. For this, steel-boron reinforcement was modelled by assembling the boron fibres [reinforcement] in steel bars [matrix], using ABAQUS software further this steel boron bars were assembled in concrete beam and analysed under required support and loading conditions. From the results it is observed that the strain in conventional steel beam is mor than in MMC reinforced beam, therefore, tensile strain capacity of beam increased by increasing the boron fibres in steel reinforcement.
Reduction of turbidity by adding bio coagulant-A sustainable approach
Authors: Soumya Kiran P. , Reddy Suda V.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Improper management of human developmental activities such as industrialization and haphazard urban development deteriorating the quality parameters of Surface Water sources beyond the permissible limits. Turbidity in water, a major physical characteristic parameter is highly increasing due to the presence of suspended, colloidal, dissolved solids and making the water resources anaesthetic in condition. The chemical coagulants like Alum, Ferric Sulphate are widely used in turbidity treatment processes. Present study aimed sustainable approach to reduce turbidity by adding Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder as bio coagulant along with Alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulphate). Laboratory investigation was done for the sample from Hussain sagar lake, Telangana, India and analysed the obtained turbidity results. Optimum dosage of neem leaf powder along with Alum has been determined by Jar Test Apparatus to increase the efficiency of treatment. The dose of bio coagulant used was 0.1 to 1gr per Litre. It has been observed that the bio coagulant is efficient in reducing turbidity upto 94.8% when it was added with reduced dosages of Alum. This paper explains sustainable method of reducing turbidity by using neem leaf powder as bio coagulant along with Alum.
An investigation on stabilization of laterite soil using coconut coir fibres
Authors: Naresh J , Kastro Kiran V , Karthik chary T , Jayaram M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laterite soils are highly permeable and make the foundation unsuitable construction. Foundation is a significant structural element which play a key role in safety and stability of structure and it has to be strong enough to support the overlying and underlying structures. This research focuses on stabilizing the laterite soil adding coconut coirs fibres at varying percentages viz., 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, which are extracted from coconuts serving as natural fibre for stabilization of soil. The tests such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and soaked & unsoaked California Bearing Ratio tests were conducted on soil specimens made with varying percentages of coconut coir. It was noted that at 0% addition of coconut coir fibre maximum liquid and plastic limits were obtained and with every increase in the coir content the plasticity index, unconfined compressive strength and California Bearing Ratio strengths were increased. On the other hand, the dry density of all the specimens showed almost equal range of density content and the moisture content was decreased with increase in the coconut coir content. Overall, it was found that stabilization of laterite soil using coconut coir as natural fibres is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to improve the properties of soil.
Utilization of Human hair fibre to stabilize Black Cotton Soil and Contaminated Soil
Authors: Sutradhar Rumpa , Reddy Suda V B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Land pollution is one of the primary concerns of today. So, conservation of natural resources and utilization of solid waste materials is necessary to deal with the problem of disposal of solid waste. The solid waste can be utilized in the construction and development industries depending on their suitability and attainability. Such a material is human hair fibres which considered as valueless solid waste. These fibres may create environmental problems being non-biodegradable in nature. This paper is focused on utilizing human hair fibre as a stabilizer to modify the properties of soil. It is an analysis to study the influence of Human Hair fibre on the characteristics of black cotton soil and contaminated soil. Human Hair Fibre (natural fibre) is used as a soil strengthening material which can enhance the properties of soil in the field of geotechnical engineering and ground improvement. Human hair fibre is randomly mixed with these soils in the proportion of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by weight of soil. The properties such as free swell index, specific gravity, index properties and strength were determined and compared with non-reinforced soil. The findings show an enhancement in the properties of soil with the inclusion of human hair fibre.
Linear Regression Analysis on the Contributory Factor of Accident Identified in Road Safety Audit Using Python
Authors: Sreeparvathy CM , Sravanti Chitturi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The rising number of road accidents in Indian Scenario is quite alarming. The analysis of cause of these accidents will help to adopt remedial measures for the same. In this paper based on the data collected using Road Safety Audit (RSA), an attempt is made to analyze and understand the root cause for accident. The linear equation and relationship is developed using Python programming which is a competent tool for analysis. In this paper, the analysis is carried out on data collected along a stretch of 12 km of length of road from Langerhouz (suburban Road) to MGIT. RSA was conducted for the same stretch that has six intersections falling along the stretch. The basic methodology used for data collections were Prompt list, volume and accident data collection. The accident data were analyzed statistically and a linear regression model was generated with various causes of the accident as the independent variable. For the purpose of analysis, the stretch was divided into four sub stretch based on the similarities in the geometric properties of the road. RSA was also performed for the six intersections falling in this stretch. The data collected on accident has reflected on a number of contributory factorsfrom which the main causative factors were identified and recommendations were made to improve safety with the best possible solutions. Regression analysis was conducted for the accident data obtained from the police station for the years 2014 – 2018. The solution of the regression equation is developed using Python programming language. The relation to dependent variable, accident was formulated linearly using the independent variable based on the factors contributing to accident.
Vehicle Pedestrian Interaction Analysis at Unsignalized Intersection using Trajectory Data
Authors: Muppa Karunakar Reddy , Naveen kumar C. , Tallam Teja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As the pedestrian’s rapid progress, pedestrian safety has recently assumed greater importance in the research population activities. To assess road user interactions at an unsignalized junctions with heterogeneous traffic complexity, innovative trajectory-based data was used and to make urban intersections safer for road users, the proposed severity levels will be used to test and evaluate numerous infrastructures and control upgrades. Study authors suggests an advanced pattern-based technique to characterize pedestrian-vehicle interactions based on road user behaviors. Surrogate safety measures (SSM) can be estimated more accurately with this study than with the regular grid-based analysis. In order to evaluate SSM (Speed, Time to Collision (TTC), Gap Time of the pedestrian and vehicle interactions) at an unsignalized crossing, Safe Distance and Stopping sight distance with trajectory data are to be estimated. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify severity grades based on specified indicators generated at an unsignalized junction in India. From the analysis, Severity at the intersection found as 8.12, 8.91sec respectively, Average gap time, stopping sight distance also calculated. Plots between Time to Collision and Gap Time for pedestrian passing first (PPF), vehicle passing first (VPF) are compared by developing a linear regression model and R2=0.684, 0.656 developed with some independent parameters respectively. Concluded that TTC for PPF is higher than VPF and by considering all the evaluated values this research had improved the methods for analysing and improving the safety of uncontrolled intersections.