bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Dimilin, 1983
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Tetrault R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen mushroom growing trays (0.37 m2 x 0.15 m), each containing 22.7 kg of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure compost (70% water) were individually spawned with 110 g of mushroom spawn (PSU#324) and placed into a single small mushroom production room. Dimilin 25W at active rates of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.10 lb per ton wet compost was thoroughly incorporated into the compost just before spawning. Three trays were used for each treatment. The trays were arranged in four columns, regularly spaced and separated by dividers. Each tray unit was enclosed in plastic on the day of spawning and removed 10 days later. A total of 210 gravid female sciarids were released into each tray unit within the first 3 days after spawning. When cased, each tray was covered with 5.56 kg (0.014 m3 ) peat moss (68.8% water). On the next to last watering, 3 days after casing, 0.176 and 0.211 lb (AI) Dimilin per 1,000 ft2 production surface was applied as a drench to the casing layer of the 0.05 lb treated compost and to three trays of untreated compost, respectively. The remaining three trays served as an infested check. Compost and casing material were sampled for larval sciarids using a sugar-flotation and centrifuge procedure (1979 J. Econ. Entomol. 72: 703-705). Mushroom cultural practices were similar to those of the commercial mushroom industry.
Apple, Post Bloom Aphicide Treatments, 1983
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 2 June to 6-yr-old ‘Red Delicious’ trees infested with well established aphid colonies. Rosy apple aphids were protected from spray contact by tightly curled leaves. Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated four times. Treatments were sprayed to runoff, using a handgun with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 lb/in2. Treatments were evaluated for effects on rosy apple aphid populations by counting all colonies per replicate on 6 June. Each colony was checked for aphid survival and the percent having live aphids was recorded. Effects on white apple leafhoppers were evaluated on 6 June by counting adults and nymphs on 10 leaves per replicate. Twenty-five randomly selected terminals per tree were checked for apple aphids on 9 June. Percent infested terminals was determined as well as the number of live aphids on the third and fifth leaf of each infested terminal.
European Corn Borer Control on Green Pepper, 1983
Authors: Corredor D. , Ferro D.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green pepper plants were transplanted 1 June at the Univ. of Massachusetts Res. Farm, Sunderland, Mass. Each plot was two rows, 18 ft long with 18 in between plants and 3 ft between rows. Fertilizer (1000 lb 10:10:10/acre) was incorporated prior to planting. The insecticides were applied on 2, 10, 18, and 24 Aug., with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at ca 60 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2 European corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial size peppers from each plot on 9 Sept., and examining them for injury.
Insect Control in Green Bell Peppers, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , May A. , Otto M.E. , pax R. , Morrow E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedling green bell peppers were transplanted in 5-ft rows on 1 June at the M.S.U. Hortic. Exp. St. in Sodus, Mich. (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications (= blocks) per treatment. Each plot was three rows wide (15 ft) by 15 ft long. Treatments were applied on 23 June, 7, 14, 21, and 28 July, 2, 11, 18, 25, and 31 Aug., and 13 and 23 Sept., with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Efficacy was determined by examining two plants from the center row of each plot. Entire plants were examined for corn borer egg masses, two leaves per plant (mid season) or five per plant (late season) were examined for aphids, and three mature fruit (if present) from the center of each plot were examined for corn borer damage.
Insecticide Selectivity Trial, 1980
Authors: Dripps James E. , Smilowitz Zane , Conrad George 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted at the Hortic. Farm, Agrie. Res. Cent., Centre Co., Pa. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Plots consisted of six 40 ft long rows. Temik 15G at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied at planting. Green peach aphid (GPA) and potato leafhopper (PLH) populations were sampled weekly starting 14 Jul. A censored sample of GPA on 200 leaves per treatment was made, the density classes being 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, &gt;4 GPA per leaf. Total PLH nymphs per leaf were counted on the same leaves. Two spray schedules were used for each compound. Applications were made either twice, on 31 Jul and 14 Aug., or 5 times, on 25, 31 Jul., 7, 14 and 21 Aug. Chemicals were applied with a boom sprayer in 40 gal water per acre. Two rows in each plot were harvested on 6 Oct.
Control of Green Peach Aphid with Foliar Sprays, 1983
Authors: Jansson Richard K. , Smilowitz Zane , Rebarchak Paul , Wallace Jean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted on 25 May, with a 9-inch spacing between plants. A randomized complete block design with two replications was used. Treatment plots consisted of three 50-ft rows planted 34 inches apart. Blocks were separated by a 20-ft alleyway. Temik 15 G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in furrow at planting. Carbaryl was applied weekly at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre to reduce the number of green peach aphid predators. Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 7-day spray schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 22 Aug., 29 Aug., and 8 Sep. in 30 gal of water per acre at 60 lb/in2 with a CO2-pressurized tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with two TeeJet D2-25 disc-core cone nozzles/row. Tractor speed was 3 mph. Three leaves per plant, 12 plants per treatment plot (72 total leaves/treatment) were sampled weekly from 2 Aug. to 12 Sep. for green peach aphids (GPA). One row/treatment plot was harvested on 6 Oct. and graded for size. Rainfall in inches totaled 0.50 May, 4.96 Jun., 1.70 Jul., 2.67 Aug., 2.16 Sep. Mean monthly temperatures (°F) were 59.1 May, 67.2 Jun., 71.2 Jul., 69.3 Aug. and 62.6 Sep.
Impact of Foliar Sprays on Green Peach Aphids and Ladybird Beetles, 1982
Authors: Jansson Richard K. , Smilowitz Zane , Wallace Jean , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted on 4 May, with a 9-inch spacing between plants. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatment plots consisted of three 25-ft rows planted 34 inches apart. A 10-ft alleyway separated blocks. Temik 15 G (2.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in furrow at planting. Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 7-day schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 30 Jul., 13 Aug., 23 Aug., and 13 Sep. in 40 gal of water per acre at 62 lb/in2 with a 6-ft boom sprayer equipped with three TeeJet D2-25 disc-core cone nozzles per row. Tractor speed was 3 mph. Three leaves per plant, three plants per treatment plot (27 total leaves/treatment) were sampled weekly from 12 Jul. to 16 Sep. for green peach aphids. The number of ladybird beetle predators was counted on one stem per plant, three stems per treatment plot (nine total stems/treatment). A minimum of one row per treatment was harvested from each block on 5 Oct. and graded for size. Rainfall in inches totaled 3.07 May, 7.71 Jun., 4.11 Jul., 1.72 Aug., 2.80 Sep. Mean monthly temperatures (°F) were 61.5 May, 63.5 Jun., 71.1 Jul., 65.4 Aug., and 61.2 Sep.
Critical Timing for Control of Potato Leafhopper Injury, 1983
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 21 May, at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. St., Dakota Co., Minn. Treatments were applied to the middle two rows of four row plots, 50 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing between plots and 10-inch spacing between plants. The outer 2 rows of the 4-row plots were used for other experiments. Bravo fungicide was applied veekly per label recommendations from 5 Jul. to the end of the season. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 powered sprayer delivering 38 gal water/acre at 30 lb/in2 . Potato leafhopper and other potentially injurious insects were suppressed at various stages of plant development by application of sprays of the insecticide Guthion applied at the rate of 0.5 lb(AI)/acre. Six treatment schedules were employed: (1) (V-I) from the period of vegetative growth (V) until the initiation of tuber formation (I); (2) (V-B) from the period of vegetative growth through the period of mid-tuber bulking (B); (3) from the period of vegetative growth until maturity (M); (4) (I-B) from the period of tuber-initiation until the period of raid-tuber bulking; (5) (I-M) from the period of tuber-initiation until harvest; and (6) (B-M) from the period of mid-tuber bulking until harvest. Spray applications were made on 4 Jul., 19 Jul., 1 Aug., 15 Aug. and 29 Aug. Counts were made from the treated plots by sampling 35 mid-plant leaves per plot for potato leafhopper nymphs.
Control of Potato Leafhopper Using Methoxychlor Insecticide on Potatoes Grown on Irrigated Sand Plains, 1983
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 17 June at the Sand Plain Experimental Field, Becker, Minn. Plots were 4 rows, 25 ft long with 38-inch row spacing in a randomized block design with 8 replications. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 powered hand-held sprayer delivering 38 gal water/acre at 30 lb/in2. Treatments were applied to the entire plot but only the middle two rows were dug and yields taken. Plots were dug 14 Oct.
Preplant Granular Treatments for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on 14 Apr., near Benson, N.C. Plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 40-inch centers. Treatments were applied to the furrow just prior to planting. The soil temperature at this time was 20°C, soil moisture was adequate. The soil was a sandy loam type with 0.8% organic matter and a pH of 5.7. Percentage of defoliation was evaluated on 1 June and 28 June. Potatoes were harvested on 6 Jul., graded and weighed.
Foliar Sprays to Control Colorado Potato Beetle on Tomato, 1983
Authors: Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Sunderland, Mass. ‘Marglobe’ seedlings were transplanted to the field 30 Aug. The soil type was a sandy loam. Fertilizer (1,100 lb 10:10:10/acre) was broadcast and incorporated before planting. Treatment plots were 2-rows wide with nine plants per row, 4 ft between rows, and 2 ft between plants. The plots were arranged in a randomized, complete block design with four replicates. Insecticides were applied on 9 Sept. with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 lb/in2 and ca 60 gal/acre. The number of live adults on five plants and dead adults within a 12 inch radius of the base of the plant were recorded for each plot on 12 Sept.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes with Vydate and Pydrin, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomato transplants were planted bare root in 35-foot rows on 17 May. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 72 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Foliar spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at a rate of 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2. Treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer equipped with six drop nozzles per row. The sprayer was tractor drawn and equipped with a PTO driven pump. Foliar sprays were applied 25 May, 1,8, and 30 Jun. Transplant water treatments were applied at the rate of 400 gal of water/acre (7 oz/plant) on 17 MaY- Dip treatments were planted on 17 May but the plants were dipped on 13 May. Soil surface temp was 72°F and at the 6-inch depth it was 60°F at time of transplanting. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults/10 ft of row and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 8 Aug.
Effects of Stubble Applications of Insecticides and Paraquat for Control of Potato Leafhopper, 1983
Authors: Luna John M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of stubble-applied pesticides for potato leafhopper control, a randomized block experiment was conducted in Blacksburg, Va., in a 4-yr-old stand of alfalfa during the 3rd regrowth. Seven treatments with 45 by 45-ft plots were each replicated 4 times. Materials were applied one day after alfalfa harvest 21 July in 25 gal water/acre at 18 lb/in2 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a 6-ft boom. Potato leafhoppers were sampled using a 15-in. diam. sweep-net, with each sample consisting of 10 pendular sweeps. Two samples were taken in each plot on each sampling date, and insects were counted in the field as they emerged from the sweep-net. Three stem lenghts of alfalfa were also measured in each plot on each sampling date. Data were transformed using square root (X + 0.5) before statistical analysis.
Aphid and Weevil Control on Alfalfa, 1982
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several materials were tested in this experiment for the control of aphids and the Egyptian alfalfa weevil on alfalfa at the Yuma Mesa Exp. Stn. during March. The spray treatments were applied with a small-plot sprayer at 15 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2 (CO2 controlled). The boom was equipped with six flat nozzles (8001). Plots consisted of four replicates 8 ft by 80 ft (total 0.05 acre per treatment). The aphid population averaged ca. 60% blue alfalfa and 40% pea aphid. During the test period the overall population was more or less declining. Likewise, the weevil population was also declining, especially by 22 Mar., but the damage continued to be noticeable.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Louisiana, 1983
Authors: Wilson Howard K. , Quisenberry Sharron S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a seedling stand of alfalfa at the Rosepine Agric. Exp. St., Rosepine, La. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when alfalfa was ca. 38.8 cm tall. Plots were 6.1 by 12.2 m arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were made on 23 July. Sprays were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated 60 21.1 gal/acre and 22 lb/in2 using 11004 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1 m boom. Temperature at treatment was ca. 30°C, and 9 cm of rain fell during the 2 weeks following treatment. Samples were obtained by taking 10 pendulum-sweeps with a 38-cm diam. sweep net on each sampling date. Sample dates were pretreatment, and 3, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later counting.
Field Corn, Fall Armyworm Control, 1983
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Dix D. , Chamberlin J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Dekalb XL394’ planted 10 Aug., Univ. of Georgia Exp. St., Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling coarse sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with two-row plots, 6.5 m long by 1 m row width by 1 m alleys, five replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray directed over the whorl at 30 lb/in2 in a final volumne of 250 liters/ha three times: 24 Aug., 31 Aug., and 7 Sept. All plants in the center 6 m of row were evaluated for fall armyworm defoliation on 13 Sept., using a 0 to 7 damage index of the following: 0, no damage; 1, slight leaf feeding, but no indication of bud damage; 2, moderate leaf feeding, but no bud damage; 3, heavy leaf feeding, and no bud damage; 4, slight to moderate feeding, and slight bud damage; 5, moderate to heavy leaf feeding damage, and moderate to heavy bud damage; 6, heavy leaf feeding, and severe bud damage; and 7, plant virtually destroyed. Silage yield taken in the center 6 m of each plot on 8 Nov.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with two replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and two ‘Red Delicious’, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gal/m pump. Spray dates were as follows: 29 Apr. (all UC-81341 treatments only), 16 and 28 June, 22 Jul., and 3 Aug. General purpose sprays of Captan 50W, Topsin M, Guthion 50W, and Sevin 50W were applied at ca. 2-week intervals throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 57°F, Jun. 68°F, Jul. 74°F, and Aug. 72°F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.98, Jun. 4.42, Jul. 0.83, and Aug. 2.01. Effectiveness of test materials on European red mite was evaluated by making counts of mites from random samples of 25 leaves per tree, 100 leaves per treatment on several dates. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples was determined by scoring a random sample of 30 apples per replicate, 60 apples per treatment. Fruits were rated as no russeting (1), light russeting (2), moderate russeting (3), and severe russeting (4). Possible ranges were: russeting, none to light 30-60 , light to moderate 60-90, and moderate to severe 90-120.
Second Brood European Corn Borer Aerial Trial, Wray, Colorado, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were three to five, 65-ft swaths applied by an Ag-Cat, Model A, through 39 Spray System, Inc. 45 cone D-8 orifice nozzles at 28 lb/in2 and 2 gal/acre. Applications were made on 17 Aug. and evaluated on 13 Sept. Evaluations were made by splitting the stalks of 4 groups of 10 plants and counting the live larvae. Mite ratings were on a 0 to 4 scale, with 0, no damage and 4, plant completely browned. The field received an application of Pydrin 0.05 lb (AI)/acre before the trial for Western bean cutworm control. Most of the field not treated aerially was chemigated with Pydrin 0.15 lb (All/acre + 0.5 qt oil.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armyworm in Field Corn, 1983
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pioneer 3147’ corn was planted on 5 July at the Highland Rim Exp. stn., Springfield. Plots were 20 ft by four rows with 5-ft. alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 in. apart. Nine treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 30 plants per 20 row ft. The first insecticide application was made on 4 Aug., when infestation levels reached 15.1 larvae per plant. Additional applications were made on 10 and 18 Aug. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Granular treatments were applied with shaker jars. Newly damaged whorls were counted 1 week after each treatment.
Insecticide Rate Study for Control of Heliothis Spp. Larvae on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. St., Mississippi State, to determine the efficacy of reduced rates of pyrethroids for control of Heliothis sp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 213’ on 27 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2 through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Applications were made at about weekly intervals on 27 July, 1, 9, & 16 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 June, 8, 18, 27, & 29 July, 10, 22 & 24 Aug. with Guthion (0.25 lb(AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 4 and 9 Aug. by randomly examining 25 squares and 25 terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 Nov. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Chemical Control of Thrips in Cotton, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Delcot 390 variety was planted on 2 Jun. at the Univ. of Missouri Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Plots were three rows by 100 ft replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The Temik 15G and Disyston 15G treatments were applied in-furrow at planting using Gandy applicator boxes. The Cygon 400 treatment was applied 20 Jun. with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer at a total spray volume of 4 gal per acre, one nozzle per row. The number of thrips in each plot was recorded on 1, 3, and 7 days following the foliar treatment. Counts were made by pulling 20 per replicate and beating them over a wire screen box that would permit thrips to fall through onto a sheet of paper. Yield data were determined by mechanically harvesting the center row of each plot on 3 Oct.
Insecticide Control Demonstration of Plant Bugs and Effect on Beneficial Spp. , 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. , Kowalski Edward L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this demonstration was to evaluate some of the currently recommended insecticides for plant bug control and to determine if soybean oil (SBOC Standard) is better suited as a carrier of insecticides than water, and to determine the effect on beneficial populations. ‘Delcot 390’ variety cotton was planted 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Eight row plots, 100 ft Long were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied 18 Aug. Water carried insecticides were applied with a four row boom at the rate of 4 gal/acre (5 mph, 30 lb/in2 , One TX-12 cone spray nozzle per row) through an air pressurized system. Soybean oil (SBOC Standard) carried insecticides were applied with a four row boom at the rate of 2.38 qt/acre (8.8 mph, 20 lb/in2 , one Micro max nozzle #20 orifice per row, 2,000 rpm) through an air pressurized system. Twelve ft of row were sampled (drop cloth method) at 1 day, 3 day, and 7 days posttreatment.
Laboratory Tests on Grasshoppers with Thuringiensin, B-Exotoxin of Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1983
Authors: Valovage W. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thuringiensin was tested on three economically important grasshopper species. Sunflower seedlings, ca. 30 cm tall, planted six to a flat, were sprayed to runoff with the appropriate concentration of thuringiensin mixed with water. For M. bivattatus, the thuringiensin was mixed with Nalcotrol, a deposition aid, at the rate of 0.075%. For the controls, water only was sprayed on the plants with the exception of the M. bivittatus control, where 0.075% Nalcotrol was used. Field-collected adult grasshoppers were held without food 24 h before testing. The tests were conducted in a greenhouse with cages measuring 30 cm on a side. After 6 days, the flats were removed from the cages and the percent defoliation was estimated visually. Untreated foliage was then placed into each cage. Mortality counts were taken after 10 days. Chi-square tests were used to compare each treatment with the control.