bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three worlds of austerity: voter congruence over fiscal trade-offs in Germany, Spain and the UK
Authors: Hübscher Evelyne , Sattler Thomas , Truchlewski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolitical opposition to fiscal adjustments has varied significantly across countries. Our analysis links this variation to differences in the congruence of voter attitudes towards fiscal trade-offs across political blocs in different countries. These differences in attitudes, in turn, coincide with the implications of the distinct macroeconomic growth strategies that these countries pursue. Based on original survey data, we show that in Germany, supporters of different parties not only share similar views on the appropriate size of fiscal adjustment, but also on how to distribute these cuts across various spending items. In Spain, there is fundamental disagreement on the amount of austerity, but voters largely agree on the composition of fiscal adjustments. In the UK, there is disagreement between voters of diverging political blocs on both accounts. Variation in public attitudes, therefore, gives rise to very diverse political dynamics surrounding fiscal adjustments in different countries.
Combining Species Delimitation, Species Trees, and Tests for Gene Flow Clarifies Complex Speciation in Scrub-Jays
Authors: DeRaad Devon A , McCormack John E , Chen Nancy , Peterson A Townsend , Moyle Robert G 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComplex speciation, involving rapid divergence and multiple bouts of post-divergence gene flow, can obfuscate phylogenetic relationships and species limits. In North America, cases of complex speciation are common, due at least in part to the cyclical Pleistocene glacial history of the continent. Scrub-Jays in the genus Aphelocoma provide a useful case study in complex speciation because their range throughout North America is structured by phylogeographic barriers with multiple cases of secondary contact between divergent lineages. Here, we show that a comprehensive approach to genomic reconstruction of evolutionary history, i.e., synthesizing results from species delimitation, species tree reconstruction, demographic model testing, and tests for gene flow, is capable of clarifying evolutionary history despite complex speciation. We find concordant evidence across all statistical approaches for the distinctiveness of an endemic southern Mexico lineage (A. w. sumichrasti), culminating in support for the species status of this lineage under any commonly applied species concept. We also find novel genomic evidence for the species status of a Texas endemic lineage A. w. texana, for which equivocal species delimitation results were clarified by demographic modeling and spatially explicit models of gene flow. Finally, we find that complex signatures of both ancient and modern gene flow between the non-sister California Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica) and Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii) result in discordant gene trees throughout the species’ genomes despite clear support for their overall isolation and species status. In sum, we find that a multi-faceted approach to genomic analysis can increase our understanding of complex speciation histories, even in well-studied groups. Given the emerging recognition that complex speciation is relatively commonplace, the comprehensive framework that we demonstrate for interrogation of species limits and evolutionary history using genomic data can provide a necessary roadmap for disentangling the impacts of gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) to better understand the systematics of other groups with similarly complex evolutionary histories. [Gene flow; genomics; introgression; phylogenomics; population genetics; species delimitation; species trees; systematics.]
Inhibition of PIKfyve Ameliorates the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Vascular Intima Hyperplasia By Reducing mTORC1 Activity
Authors: Gu Min , Wang Zhen , Feng Feifei , Yang Yongjian , Sun Xiongshan , Yang Dachun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
This study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of PIKfyve in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular intima hyperplasia. We first observed increased protein levels of PIKfyve, phospho (p)-S6 Ribosomal Protein (S6)Ser235/236, p-4EBP1Thr37/46 in VSMCs after 24 hours of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB treatment. By using cell counting kit-8 assay, Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining and wound healing assay, we found that PIKfyve inhibition ameliorated the enhanced activity of VSMC proliferation and migration induced by PDGF-BB. Silencing PIKfyve also suppressed the phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1 (2 major effectors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1), glucose consumption, activity of hexokinase, and LDH in PDGF-BB-challenged VSMCs. After rescuing the phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1 by silencing Tsc1, the suppressive effects of PIKfyve inhibition on glucose utilization, proliferation, and migration in VSMCs were abolished. The animal model of vascular restenosis was established in C57BL/6J mice by wire injury. We found the expression of PIKfyve was increased in carotid artery at day 28 after injury. Reducing the activity of PIKfyve alleviated vascular neointima hyperplasia after injury. In conclusion, targeting PIKfyve might be a novel effective method to reduce the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and vascular restenosis by affecting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1–mediated glucose utilization.
Factors Associated With Knowledge and Attitude Among Vietnamese Nursing Staff Regarding Pain Management in a Vietnam National Hospital
Authors: Nga Doan Thi , Van Giang Nguyen , Thai Duong Hong , Hue Hoang Thi , Lee Bih-O 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in providing holistic care and effective pain management, which is significantly associated with their knowledge and attitudes. Limited evidence is available from Vietnamese nursing studies evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of Vietnamese nurses and identify factors associated with pain management. METHODS: This study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design and was conducted at a national hospital in Vietnam from May to June 2021. Nurses working in all clinical units were surveyed to collect demographic data and assessed using the structured Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-nine nurses completed the survey, including 152 (54.5%) who read books or journals about pain, 25 (9.0%) who reported the use of unit-based pain guidelines, and 77 (27.6%) who used a numeric rating tool. The mean number of correct answers on the KASRP was 23.34 (mean KASRP correct percentage of 54.9%), and only 16 nurses (5.7%) had passing scores. Having a bachelor's degree or higher, reading books or journals about pain, using a numeric rating tool, and using unit-based pain guidelines were significantly associated with higher KASRP scores (P < .01) among nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding pain management were far from satisfactory. Regular pain management training, access to pain-related reading materials, and the frequent use of a numeric tool to assess pain intensity are recommended to enhance the quality of care for patients provided by clinical nurses.
Calcific Tendinopathy of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Comparison of Traditional Barbotage Versus Percutaneous Ultrasonic Barbotage
Authors: Berrigan William , Olufade Oluseun , Negron Giorgio , Easley Kirk , Sussman Walter I. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to compare a traditional barbotage technique with percutaneous ultrasonic barbotage (PUB) for the treatment of rotator cuff (RC) calcific tendinopathy.

Design:
Three-year retrospective review.

Setting:
Participants aged 18 to 75 presenting at 2 highly specialized outpatient orthopedic referral centers with symptomatic RC calcific tendinopathy.

Patients:
There were 75 patients included (23 patients in the traditional barbotage group; 52 patients in the PUB group) with an average age of 55.3(6.5) and 55.9(9.8), respectively. There was no significant difference in demographics between groups.

Interventions:
Traditional barbotage or PUB.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcome measure was pain rated on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) with secondary outcomes investigating patient satisfaction.

Results:
The barbotage and PUB group demonstrated a significant improvement in pain (barbotage 2.4, P = 0.01; PUB = 2.6, P < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment modalities (95% CI: −1.8 to 2.2; P = 0.83, P = 0.83). Median follow-up for NPRS recordings was 17-weeks in the barbotage group and 8-weeks in the PUB group (P = 0.004). Both groups demonstrated similar patient-reported satisfaction, without major complications.

Conclusion:
The traditional barbotage and PUB procedures improved pain with a high patient satisfaction rate.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
The Relationship Between Duration of General Anesthesia and Postoperative Fall Risk During Hospital Stay in Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Hata Takeo , Shima Hiroaki , Nitta Masahiko , Ueda Eiichiro , Nishihara Masami , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Katsumata Takahiro , Neo Masashi 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
We performed a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between general anesthesia duration and postoperative falls of hospitalized patients who underwent orthopedic surgery.

Methods
We used electronic medical record data and incident report data from the Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. The study included 4,042 patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery from 2014 to 2018, and the following exclusion criteria were applied: no surgery, less than 18 years of age, and fall between admission and surgery. This study only considered falls that occurred within 21 days of surgery. The multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for patient background was used to determine the risk of falling according to the duration of general anesthesia.

Results
After exclusions, 3,398 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 45 patients (1.32%) had fallen, of whom 7 (15.6%) were injured and 2 (4.4%) experienced fractures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the adjusted odds ratio showed that longer general anesthesia duration was an independent risk factor for postoperative falls. In addition, cardiovascular disease had significantly higher associations with postoperative falls.

Conclusions
In the postoperative care of orthopedic patients, the risk of falling should be assessed by considering the duration of general anesthesia in addition to the traditional fall risk factors. Furthermore, falls could be prevented by educating patients and their caregivers about the risk and mobilizing staff to support postoperative patients at a higher risk of falls when they walk in the hospital.
Remarks on stationary and uniformly rotating vortex sheets: flexibility results
Authors: Gómez-Serrano Javier , Park Jaemin , Shi Jia , Yao Yao 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we construct new, uniformly rotating solutions of the vortex sheet equation bifurcating from circles with constant vorticity amplitude. The proof is accomplished via a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and a second-order expansion of the reduced system.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 2)’.
The peptide GOLVEN10 controls nodule and lateral root organogenesis and positioning along the longitudinal root axis
Authors: Roy Sonali , Torres-Jerez Ivone , Zhang Shulan , Liu Wei , Schiessl Katharina , Boschiero Clarissa , Lee Hee-Kyung , Zhao Patrick X. , Murray Jeremy D. , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Scheible Wolf-Rüdiger , Udvardi Michael 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYGLV/RGF peptide encoding genes can be identified in genomes of all plants that can form roots or root-like structures suggesting they were essential for transition of plants to land.In Medicago truncatula, five of fifteen GOLVEN(GLV)/ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR (RGF) peptide coding genes were induced during nodule organogenesis and to a varying extent under nitrogen deficiency and auxin treatment. Expression of MtGLV9 and MtGLV10 at nodule initiation sites was dependent on the transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION.Overexpression of all five nodule-induced GLV genes in M. truncatula hairy roots as well as application of the corresponding synthetic peptides resulted in a 25-50% reduction in nodule number indicating GOLVENs are negative regulators of nodule organogenesis.The peptide GOLVEN10 shifted the position of the first formed lateral root (rhizotaxis) as well as the first formed nodule along the longitudinal primary root axis, a phenomenon we term ‘nodulotaxis’, thereby reducing the absolute length of the zone of lateral organ formation on roots.Application of synthetic GOLVEN10 peptide caused an increase in cell number but not cell length in each root cortical cell layer causing an increase in root length and a consequent spatiotemporal delay in formation of the first lateral organ.Plain Language SummaryNodule positioning is an understudied trait, yet it determines the length of the root that can support nodule formation and consequently the total number of functional nodules formed. We identify for the first time, genetic factors called GOLVEN peptides that alter nodule and lateral root positioning on the primary root along with several other traits including nodule organ initiation and root architecture.
Sonic Hedgehog Activates Prostaglandin Signaling to Stabilize Primary Cilium Length
Authors: Ansari Shariq S. , Dillard Miriam E. , Zhang Yan , Austria Mary Ashley , Boatwright Naoko , Shelton Elaine L. , Johnson Amanda , Young Brandon M. , Rankovic Zoran , Schuetz John D. , Robinson Camenzind G. , Ogden Stacey K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTSonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling is an essential driver of embryonic patterning that, when corrupted, leads to developmental disorders and cancers. SHH effector responses are organized through nonmotile primary cilia that grow and retract with the cell cycle and in response to distinct extracellular cues. Destabilization of primary cilium length corrupts SHH pathway regulation, which places significant pressure on SHH to maintain ciliary architecture. Herein, we investigate whether SHH signaling promotes ciliary length control. We reveal a signal crosstalk circuit induced by SHH activation of Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) that drives ciliary EP4signaling to stabilize primary cilium length. We demonstrate that chemical or genetic blockade of SHH-EP4crosstalk leads to destabilized primary cilium cyclic AMP (cAMP) control, reduced ciliary length, and attenuated SHH pathway induction. Accordingly, we find thatEp-/-mice display shortened neuroepithelial primary cilia and altered SHH-dependent neuronal cell fate specification. Thus, SHH initiates a signaling crosstalk circuit that maintains primary cilium length for a robust downstream signaling response.
DNA methylation Dependent Restriction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Contributes to Pancreatic β-cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Wang Jean Kimi , Bhattacharya Supriyo , Cuala Janielle , Rajkumar Mohan Singh , Wu Xiwei , Shih Hung-Ping , Georgia Senta K. , Dhawan Sangeeta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe molecular and functional heterogeneity of pancreatic β-cells is well recognized. Pancreatic islets harbor a small subset of β-cells that co-express Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme involved in synthesis of catecholamines that repress insulin secretion. Restriction of this sub-population within islets is essential for appropriate insulin secretion. However, the distinguishing characteristics of this subpopulation and the mechanisms that restrict TH expression in β-cells are not known. Here, we define the specific molecular and metabolic characteristics of the TH+ β-cells and show that TH expression in β-cells is restricted by DNA methylation patterning during β-cell lineage specification. Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the pancreatic- and endocrine-progenitor lineages results in a dramatic increase in the proportion of TH+ β-cells, while β-cell specific ablation of Dnmt3a has no effect on this sub-population. We demonstrate that maintenance of Th promoter DNA methylation patterns is essential for its continued restriction in postnatal β-cells, and that loss of DNA methylation dysregulates TH expression in β-cells in response to chronic overnutrition, contributing to impairment of β-cell identity. These data highlight the essential requirement of DNA methylation patterning in regulating endocrine cell fates, and reveal a novel role of DNA methylation in β-cell heterogeneity.
Reduced representation sequencing accurately quantifies relative abundance and reveals population-level variation in Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Authors: Kenkel Carly D. , Smith Jayme , Hubbard Katherine A. , Chadwick Christina , Lorenzen Nico , Tatters Avery O. , Caron David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCertain species within the genus Pseudo-nitzschia are able to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), which can cause illness in humans, mass-mortality of marine animals, and closure of commercial and recreational shellfisheries during toxic events. Understanding and forecasting blooms of these harmful species is a primary management goal. However, accurately predicting the onset and severity of bloom events remains difficult, in part because the underlying drivers of bloom formation have not been fully resolved. Furthermore, Pseudo-nitzschia species often co-occur, and recent work suggests that the genetic composition of a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom may be a better predictor of toxicity than prevailing environmental conditions. We developed a novel next-generation sequencing assay using restriction site-associated DNA (2b-RAD) genotyping and applied it to mock Pseudo-nitzschia communities generated by mixing cultures of different species in known abundances. On average, 94% of the variance in observed species abundance was explained by the expected abundance. In addition, the false positive rate was low (0.45% on average) and unrelated to read depth, and false negatives were never observed. Application of this method to environmental DNA samples collected during natural Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom events in Southern California revealed that increases in DA were associated with increases in the relative abundance of P. australis. Although the absolute correlation across time-points was weak, an independent species fingerprinting assay (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) supported this and identified other potentially toxic species. Finally, we assessed population-level genomic variation by mining SNPs from the environmental 2bRAD dataset. Consistent shifts in allele frequencies in P. pungens and P. subpacifica were detected between high and low DA years, suggesting that different intraspecific variants may be associated with prevailing environmental conditions or the presence of DA. Taken together, this method presents a potentially cost-effective and high-throughput approach for studies aiming to evaluate both population and species dynamics in mixed samples.Highlights2bRAD method facilitates species- and population-level analysis of the same sampleMethod accurately quantifies species relative abundance with low false positivesConsistent shifts in allele frequencies were detected between high and low DA yearsCertain Pseudo-nitzschia spp. populations may be more associated with DA presence
Local adaptation ofAedes aegyptimosquitoes toWolbachia-induced fitness costs
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAedes aegyptimosquito eggs can remain quiescent for many months before hatching, allowing populations to persist through unfavorable conditions.Aedes aegyptiinfected with theWolbachiastrainwMel have been released in tropical and subtropical regions for dengue control.wMel reduces the viability of quiescent eggs, but this physiological cost might be expected to evolve in natural mosquito populations that frequently experience stressful conditions. We therefore compared the costs ofwMel infection for quiescent egg viability in field-derived and laboratory populations. Quiescent egg viability was highly variable inwMel-infected populations, with greater costs ofwMel in field-derived populations. In contrast, there was little variation between matched field-derived and long-term laboratory populations lackingwMel, suggesting that laboratory adaptation does not influence this trait and that differences are due towMel infection. Comparisons of populations collected a year apart show a decline in costs under laboratory rearing conditions involving a rapid turnover of mosquito generations; this pattern was consistent across populations despite their origin, suggesting adaptation of mosquitoes to thewMel infection under laboratory conditions. Reciprocal crossing experiments confirm that differences in quiescent egg viability were mainly due to the genetic background and notWolbachiaalone.wMel-infected mosquitoes hatching from long-term quiescent eggs showed partial loss of cytoplasmic incompatibility and female infertility, highlighting additional costs of long-term quiescence. Our study provides the first evidence for a shift inWolbachiaphenotypic effects following deliberate field release and establishment and it highlights interactions betweenWolbachiainfections and local adaptation. The unexpected changes in fitness costs observed here suggest potential tradeoffs with undescribed fitness benefits of thewMel infection.
Competing institutional logics and power dynamics in Islamic financial reporting standardisation projects
Authors: Abras Ahmad , Jayasinghe Kelum 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper examines the historical evolvement of competing institutional logics (i.e. religion, profession, state, market and community) underpinning Islamic accounting standardisation projects and power relations between internal actors representing these logics.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a case-study approach and analyses two Islamic accounting standardisation projects implemented at the national and international levels. Documentary review and semi-structured interviews are used for data collection. Analysis is informed by the “Institutional Logics Perspective” and Bourdieu's notion of “power as capital in a field”.FindingsResearch findings illustrate how some local actors pre-dispose themselves in promoting strict compliance to IFRS, while others endeavour to ensure compliance to “Islamic Sharia requirements” in financial reporting. In this power dynamic, there is an ongoing “constructive resistance” actively exerted by the latter group against the former, preserving the existence of religion-based reporting demands in Islamic accounting standardisation approaches. The paper also highlights chronological “dynamic” accounts that explain the evolvement of institutional logics prevailing in these projects over different historical stages at both national and international levels.Originality/valueThis paper's findings contrast and challenge the existing assumption that the “epistemic community” promoting IFRS agenda always faces “passive responses” from local actors. Moreover, the paper's offering of a dynamic view to institutional logic mapping extends the previously used “static analyses” of logics prevailing in Islamic accounting standardisation projects.