bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of the oral brush biopsy in daily dental routine — an effective way of early cancer detection
Authors: Neumann Felix W. , Neumann Heinrich , Spieth Sybille , Remmerbach Torsten W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Oral brush biopsies are a well researched index for early detection of oral cancer in specialised centers. But the performance of the exfoliative biopsy is not yet researched in daily dental routine.

Methods
Private dentists and private oral surgeons in Germany took brush biopsies out of 814 suspicious lesions from 670 patients using the Orcellex brush while regular dental appointments. The analyses of the biopsies were performed by the Cytological Laboratory of Bonn (CLB) using liquid-based cytology.

Results
The final results were 74 oral squamous cell carcinomas and one verrucous carcinoma, histological proven, 232 cases of leukoplakia, 242 cases of lichen planus, 17 cases of erythroplakia, 259 cases of benign inflammatory, traumatic or hyperplastic oral lesions. The sensitivity for the detection of cancer cells using brush biopsy archived 100%, the specificity for the detection of non-neoplastic cells was 86.5%. The positive predictive value was 43.1%, the negative predicative value was at 100%.

Conclusion
The oral brush biopsy seems to be a sufficient tool for early cancer detection in private dental offices.

Clinical Relevance.
Generally, practicing dentists do not see various oral squamous cell carcinomas in their careers, so the experience in identifying oral squamous cell carcinomas as such is very low. The brush biopsy might help them in cases of doubt to prevent tumors from expansive growth.
Social Distancing and Social Biosensing: Intersubjectivity from Afar
Authors: Curran Max T. , Chuang John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe shelter-in-place orders across the U.S. in response to the COVID-19 pandemic forced many relationships once sustained by in-person interaction into remote states through computer-mediated communication (CMC). Work, school, holidays, social engagements, and everyday conversations formerly experienced through rich and contextual in-person interactions instead have taken place on messaging, voice, and video chatting platforms that diminish or altogether lack many social cues and other qualities critical to social interaction. The difficulties feeling connected to one another observed during this period have stressed the need for novel forms of communication that enable deeper interactions. Social biosensing, the interpersonal sharing of physiological information, has shown promise facilitating social connection at a distance. In the present research we document the experiences of nine pairs of friends (N = 18) who navigated living through a shelter-in-place order, reporting on their experiences sharing their electrodermal activity (EDA) in response to short videos. Participants described the artificial and unnatural nature of communicating using typical forms of CMC and a range of interpretations of EDA as both emotional response and as representative of personal characteristics. We implemented a phased approach to study the temporal nature of forming an understanding of unfamiliar yet intimate data like EDA. Our results indicate typologies of meaning-making processes: “stablers”, “broadeners”, and “puzzlers”. We also interpreted our findings through the lens of intersubjectivity, analyzing how analogical apperception and dialogical interaction both play a role in participants’ meaning-making about their own and their partner’s biosensory information. We conclude with implications from this work pertinent to intersubjectivity theorists, social biosensing researchers, and CMC system designers and developers.
Self-Admitted Technical Debt and comments’ polarity: an empirical study
Authors: Cassee Nathan , Zampetti Fiorella , Novielli Nicole , Serebrenik Alexander , Di Penta Massimiliano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) consists of annotations—typically, but not only, source code comments—pointing out incomplete features, maintainability problems, or, in general, portions of a program not-ready yet. The way a SATD comment is written, and specifically its polarity, may be a proxy indicator of the severity of the problem and, to some extent, of the priority with which it should be addressed. In this paper, we study the relationship between different types of SATD comments in source code and their polarity, to understand in which circumstances (and why) developers use negative or rather neutral comments to highlight an SATD. To address this goal, we combine a manual analysis of 1038 SATD comments from a curated dataset with a survey involving 46 professional developers. First of all, we categorize SATD content into its types. Then, we study the extent to which developers express negative sentiment in different types of SATD as a proxy for priority, and whether they believe this can be considered as an acceptable practice. Finally, we look at whether such annotations contain additional details such as bug references and developers’ names/initials. Results of the study indicate that SATD comments are mainly used for annotating poor implementation choices ($\simeq $≃41%) and partially implemented functionality ($\simeq $≃22%). The latter may depend from “waiting” for other features being implemented, and this makes SATD comments more negatives than in other cases. Around 30% of the survey respondents agree on using/interpreting negative sentiment as a proxy for priority, while 50% of them indicate that it would be better to discuss SATD on issue trackers and not in the source code. However, while our study indicates that open-source developers use links to external systems, such as bug identifiers, to annotate high-priority SATD, better tool support is required for SATD management.
Wellbeing and Changing Attitudes Across Time
Authors: Bykvist Krister 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The fact that our attitudes change poses well-known challenges for attitude-sensitive wellbeing theories. Suppose that in the past you favoured your adventurous youthful life more than the quiet and unassuming life you expected to live as an old person; now when you look back you favour your current life more than your youthful past life. Which period of your life is better for you? More generally, how can we find a stable attitude-sensitive standard of wellbeing, if the standard is in part defined in terms of unstable attitudes? In this paper, I introduce an ‘attitudinal matrix’ framework that will help us clear up the problems posed by changing attitudes across time. In particular, it will help us see what is at stake, which principles that can or cannot be combined, and what might be the best solution. I defend a very plausible candidate constraint on a solution to the challenge of changing attitudes, which I call ‘diagonalism’. It is argued that among the three main forms of substantive attitude-sensitive wellbeing theories – the attitude-version, the object-version, and the satisfaction-version – it is the satisfaction-version that can both satisfy diagonalism and provide the best account of temporal and lifetime wellbeing.
Direct flip-chip bonding of bare dies to polypropylene-coated paper substrates without adhesives or solders
Authors: Rodrigues Augusto Daniel , Weissbach Thomas , Malik Muhammad Hassan , Schmidt Wolfgang , Gumbiowski Rainer , Hübler Arved C. , Binder Alfred , Roshanghias Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPaper-based electronics is an emerging concept with the prospect of developing recyclable, low cost, flexible, and green products such as paper displays, smart labels, RFID tags, smart packages, electronic magazines, biological and medical devices. Compared to conventional printed circuit board (PCB) materials, utilizing paper as an electronics substrate has both physical and chemical challenges. Nowadays, the integration of components on papers are mainly conducted using adhesives [such as anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), isotropic conductive paste (ICP), and non-conductive pastes (NCP)] or low-temperature solders. The application of adhesives and solders in a roll-to-roll fabrication line of papers requires an additional dispensing or printing unit, which has its own drawbacks. Therefore, alternative approaches such as pre-applied adhesive films either on bare dies or papers can gain significant attention. In this study, by exploiting the unique properties of a paper coating material (i.e., polypropylene) as a non-conductive adhesive, it was shown that direct flip-chip bonding of the bare dies and devices could be successfully performed on paper without using any additional adhesives or solders. The electrical and mechanical performance of the flip chip-bonded dies on the polypropylene-coated paper substrate were assessed utilizing daisy-chain contact resistance measurement and die-shear analysis, respectively. Moreover, for an RFID tag application, RFID chips were flip chip bonded to the coated papers and functional tests via NFC communication were also successfully exerted. It was concluded that the polypropylene film on the paper can be considered as an intrinsic NCP layer for flip-chip integration of bare dies.
Scientific Machine Learning Through Physics–Informed Neural Networks: Where we are and What’s Next
Authors: Cuomo Salvatore , Di Cola Vincenzo Schiano , Giampaolo Fabio , Rozza Gianluigi , Raissi Maziar , Piccialli Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional equations, integral-differential equations, and stochastic PDEs. This novel methodology has arisen as a multi-task learning framework in which a NN must fit observed data while reducing a PDE residual. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on PINNs: while the primary goal of the study was to characterize these networks and their related advantages and disadvantages. The review also attempts to incorporate publications on a broader range of collocation-based physics informed neural networks, which stars form the vanilla PINN, as well as many other variants, such as physics-constrained neural networks (PCNN), variational hp-VPINN, and conservative PINN (CPINN). The study indicates that most research has focused on customizing the PINN through different activation functions, gradient optimization techniques, neural network structures, and loss function structures. Despite the wide range of applications for which PINNs have been used, by demonstrating their ability to be more feasible in some contexts than classical numerical techniques like Finite Element Method (FEM), advancements are still possible, most notably theoretical issues that remain unresolved.
Hypercoagulability in Cushing’s syndrome: incidence, pathogenesis and need for thromboprophylaxis protocols
Authors: Feelders Richard A. , Nieman Lynnette K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with a hypercoagulable state resulting in an increased risk on venous thromboembolism (VTE). In patients with untreated active CS VTE incidence is up to 18-fold higher compared to the general population, whereas after pituitary and adrenal surgery a postoperative VTE risk between 2.6 and 5.6% has been reported. Interestingly, after surgery the VTE risk is not only increased in the first week but also during several months postoperatively. The hypercoagulable state in CS is thought to be caused, at least in part, by an imbalance between activity of pro- and anticoagulant pathways. However, changes in activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma concentrations of pro-and anticoagulant factors are not observed in every CS patient. Only retrospective studies have shown that thromboprophylaxis lowers VTE risk in CS. Future prospective studies should asses the optimal timing, duration and type of thromboprophylaxis in CS to improve VTE-related morbidity and mortality.
Adoption of digital technologies in agriculture—an inventory in a european small-scale farming region
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Gandorfer Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs digitalization in the agricultural sector has intensified, the number of studies addressing adoption and use of digital technologies in crop production and livestock farming has also increased. However, digitalization trends in the context of small-scale farming have mainly been excluded from such studies. The focus of this paper is on investigating the sequential adoption of precision agriculture (PA) and other digital technologies, and the use of multiple technologies in a small-scale agricultural region in southern Germany. An online survey of farmers yielded a total of 2,390 observations, of which 1,820 operate in field farming, and 1,376 were livestock farmers. A heuristic approach was deployed to identify adoption patterns. Probable multiple uses of 30 digital farming technologies and decision-support applications, as well as potential trends of sequential technology adoption were analyzed for four sequential points of adoption (entry technology, currently used technologies, and planned short-term and mid-term investments). Results show that Bavarian farmers cannot be described as exceedingly digitalized but show potential adoption rates of 15–20% within the next five years for technologies such as barn robotics, section control, variable-rate applications, and maps from satellite data. Established use of entry technologies (e.g., automatic milking systems, digital field records, automatic steering systems) increased the probability of adoption of additional technologies. Among the most used technologies, the current focus is on user-friendly automation solutions that reduce farmers’ workload. Identifying current equipment and technology trends in small-scale agriculture is essential to strengthen policy efforts to promote digitalization.
Proanthocyanidins attenuated liver damage and suppressed fibrosis in CCl4-treated rats
Authors: Amer Maher A. , Othman Azza I. , EL-Missiry Mohamed A. , Farag Aya A. , Amer Maggie E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiver damage and fibrosis are serious health problems without effective treatment. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoids with several biological effects. We investigated the potential anti-fibrotic effect of proanthocyanidins on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by oral administration of CCl4 three times a week for 5 and 9 weeks. PAs were daily administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg bw. Animals were divided into five groups: control groups, olive oil-treated group, Pas-treated group, CCl4-treated animals, and PAs + CCl4-treated rats. CCl4 and PAs were administered by gavage. Administration of CCl4 caused a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, the concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin, and bilirubin concentration. In addition, the protein and apolipoprotein contents were significantly decreased in the serum of CCl4-treated rats. These results were accompanied by histopathological alterations and increased inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Treatment with PAs caused remarkable regression of fibrosis and alpha-2-macroglobulin with improvement in histological characteristics of the liver after 5 and 9 weeks of intoxication. PAs could also maintain redox balance, evidenced by the prevention of lipid peroxidation and mitigation of the decrease in antioxidants. Treatment of intoxicated rats with PAs resulted in a significant decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum. This is associated with a remarkable decrease in apoptosis of hepatic cells shown by decreased levels of Bax, caspase-3, and -9, with increased Bcl-2. The protective effect of PAs was also evident by protecting DNA integrity in the intoxicated rats. PAs suppressed hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function and structure via modulating the interdependence between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA integrity in CCl4-treated rats.
A two-player portfolio tracking game
Authors: Voß Moritz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the competition of two strategic agents for liquidity in the benchmark portfolio tracking setup of Bank et al. (Math Financial Economics 11(2):215–239 2017). Specifically, both agents track their own stochastic running trading targets while interacting through common aggregated temporary and permanent price impact à la Almgren and Chriss (J Risk 3:5–39 2001). The resulting stochastic linear quadratic differential game with terminal state constraints allows for a unique and explicitly available open-loop Nash equilibrium. Our results reveal how the equilibrium strategies of the two players take into account the other agent’s trading targets: either in an exploitative intent or by providing liquidity to the competitor, depending on the relation between temporary and permanent price impact. As a consequence, different behavioral patterns can emerge as optimal in equilibrium. These insights complement and extend existing studies in the literature on predatory trading models examined in the context of optimal portfolio liquidation games.
Kontext im Coaching: Einblicke in den Stand der Forschung zur Bedeutung des Kontexts für berufsbezogenes Coaching
Authors: Kotte Silja 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblicke, inwiefern der Kontext von Coaching in der bisherigen Coachingforschung berücksichtigt wurde und welche Erkenntnisse daraus abgeleitet werden können. Zunächst wird genauer auf die organisationale Einbettung von Coaching eingegangen: Welche Spannungsfelder entstehen aus dem Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Stakeholder (u. a. Coach, Coachee, Auftraggeber:in)? Welche Funktionen soll Coaching aus Sicht der Organisation erfüllen? Und wie wird Coaching von der Organisation „gerahmt“? Anschließend wird auf verschiedene Zielgruppen und deren jeweils spezifische Arbeitsanforderungen genauer eingegangen, exemplarisch anhand des Coachings von Führungskräften auf unterschiedlichen Hierarchieebenen und von Gründer:innen. Der Beitrag schließt mit Perspektiven für die weitere Forschung zum Kontext von Coaching.
Modal state vectors of a free-hanging drilling riser during deployment and retrieval
Authors: Zhou Xingkun , Ge Zhengguang , Chen Jinghao , Li Wenhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo prevent marine risers' resonance and eliminate potential threats, sufficient inherent dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency, modal displacement, slope, bending moment, and shear are necessary to be calculated and analyzed. However, most studies calculate the natural frequencies and modal displacements directly rather than the modal slopes and forces. The additional calculations of modal slopes and forces likely result in issue complications, time-consuming, or even errors especially when the boundaries at both ends are solved by a finite difference method. To solve the above problems, a state-vector approach is developed herein based on the precise integration method. Two traditional methods, i.e., differential transformation method and finite element method, are utilized to verify the validation of the approach. The modal state vectors of a marine drilling riser, i.e., not only modal displacements but also modal slopes, bending moments, and shears, are studied in detail under four classic cases according to the hard and soft hang-off modes and the deployment and retrieval processes. Besides, the natural frequencies versus the riser suspension lengths are investigated during the deployment and retrieval. The critical resonance suspension lengths of the riser are discussed via a double-peaked sea irregular wave spectrum. Based on the analyses presented in this study and their generic findings, powerful tools can be designed to prevent riser resonance and associated threats in operation.
Attributes of Expert Anticipation Should Inform the Design of Virtual Reality Simulators to Accelerate Learning and Transfer of Skill
Authors: Müller Sean , Dekker Evan , Morris-Binelli Khaya , Piggott Benjamin , Hoyne Gerard , Christensen Wayne , Fadde Peter , Zaichkowsky Leonard , Brenton John , Hambrick David Z. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExpert sport performers cope with a multitude of visual information to achieve precise skill goals under time stress and pressure. For example, a major league baseball or cricket batter must read opponent variations in actions and ball flight paths to strike the ball in less than a second. Crowded playing schedules and training load restrictions to minimise injury have limited opportunity for field-based practice in sports. As a result, many sports organisations are exploring the use of virtual reality (VR) simulators. Whilst VR synthetic experiences can allow greater control of visual stimuli, immersion to create presence in an environment, and interaction with stimuli, compared to traditional video simulation, the underpinning mechanisms of how experts use visual information for anticipation have not been properly incorporated into its content design. In themes, this opinion article briefly explains the mechanisms underpinning expert visual anticipation, as well as its learning and transfer, with a view that this knowledge can better inform VR simulator content design. In each theme, examples are discussed for improved content design of VR simulators taking into consideration its advantages and limitations relative to video simulation techniques. Whilst sport is used as the exemplar, the points discussed have implications for skill learning in other domains, such as military and law enforcement. It is hoped that our paper will stimulate improved content design of VR simulators for future research and skill enhancement across several domains.
Distorting Fundamental Norms of International Law to Resurrect the Soviet Union: The International Law Context of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Cavandoli Sofia , Wilson Gary 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRussia’s invasion of Ukraine which commenced on 24 February 2022 represented just the latest, albeit most devastating, intervention in a neighbouring former Soviet state. This article considers the legal justifications for Russia’s actions and finds them to be far from satisfactory. The claims advanced by Russia closely mirror those made in respect of its prior interventions in the former Soviet space, underlining an attempt to distort some of the most fundamental norms of international law in order to afford an air of legitimacy to its actions. Although it is too soon to conclude with any certainty what the longer term implications of the recent conflict will be, both politically and legally, it is apparent that it can be seen as part of a wider policy objective on Russia’s part to maintain and/or reassert influence over its ‘near abroad’. While in some respects indicative of the possible emergence of a new ‘Cold War’, the international reaction to its intervention in Ukraine suggests that any intention to manipulate or reconstitute legal norms in support of its agenda is meeting with mass rejection.