bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the use of digital technology in schools with a school-wide approach to personalized learning
Authors: Schmid Regina , Pauli Christine , Petko Dominik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA growing number of schools have recently been changing their culture of teaching and learning towards personalized learning. Our study investigates how schools use digital technology to facilitate and promote personalized practices. Based on the answers of a student questionnaire from 31 lower-secondary schools with a personalized learning policy in Switzerland, we selected the three cases with the most frequent use of digital technology in the classroom. Using key categories of digital technology implementation to frame the analysis, we examined the differences and similarities regarding the contribution of digital technology to fostering personalized learning. A systematization of our analyses resulted in three different types in terms of how schools integrate digital tools into their daily practices: 1. selective use of digital technology according to individual teacher preference; 2. selective use of digital technology according to individual student preference; and 3. structural use of digital technology in accordance with a school-wide strategy. The findings provide indications for future research and practice with respect to an implementation of personalized learning that takes full advantage of digital technology.
Examining Potential Mechanisms of an Online Universal Prevention for Adolescent Alcohol Use: a Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Stapinski Lexine , O’Dean Siobhan , Slade Tim , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral universal school-based prevention programs, notably the Australian Climate Schools program, have proven efficacious at reducing and maintaining a lower level of harmful alcohol consumption relative to a control condition. Yet, there are limited studies investigating the potential mechanisms that account for the reduction in harmful alcohol consumption. The current study utilised modern causal mediation analysis to investigate whether several harm minimisation and social influence mediators could jointly account for the intervention effect observed in a large school-based sample. Four mediators representing knowledge, attitudes, normative perceptions, and self-efficacy to resist peer pressure were entered into a multiple casual mediation model using the potential outcomes framework. The results did not provide evidence for a joint multiple mediation model consisting of the hypothesised harm minimisation and social influence mediators. Additional research is required to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying universal school-based prevention programs including social connectedness and cultural/environmental factors.
Trends in Temperature-associated Mortality in São Paulo (Brazil) between 2000 and 2018: an Example of Disparities in Adaptation to Cold and Heat
Authors: Roca-Barceló Aina , Fecht Daniela , Pirani Monica , Piel Frédéric B. , Nardocci Adelaide C. , Vineis Paolo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExposure to non-optimal temperatures remains the single most deathful direct climate change impact to health. The risk varies based on the adaptation capacity of the exposed population which can be driven by climatic and/or non-climatic factors subject to fluctuations over time. We investigated temporal changes in the exposure–response relationship between daily mean temperature and mortality by cause of death, sex, age, and ethnicity in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil (2000–2018). We fitted a quasi-Poisson regression model with time-varying distributed-lag non-linear model (tv-DLNM) to obtain annual estimates. We used two indicators of adaptation: trends in the annual minimum mortality temperature (MMT), i.e., temperature at which the mortality rate is the lowest, and in the cumulative relative risk (cRR) associated with extreme cold and heat. Finally, we evaluated their association with annual mean temperature and annual extreme cold and heat, respectively to assess the role of climatic and non-climatic drivers. In total, we investigated 4,471,000 deaths from non-external causes. We found significant temporal trends for both the MMT and cRR indicators. The former was decoupled from changes in AMT, whereas the latter showed some degree of alignment with extreme heat and cold, suggesting the role of both climatic and non-climatic adaptation drivers. Finally, changes in MMT and cRR varied substantially by sex, age, and ethnicity, exposing disparities in the adaptation capacity of these population groups. Our findings support the need for group-specific interventions and regular monitoring of the health risk to non-optimal temperatures to inform urban public health policies.
An urgent need for COP27: confronting converging crises
Authors: Falk Jim , Colwell Rita R. , Behera Swadhin K. , El-Beltagy Adel S. , Gleick Peter H. , Kennel Charles F. , Lee Yuan Tseh , Murray Cherry A. , Serageldin Ismail , Takeuchi Kazuhiko , Yasunari Tetsuzo , Watanabe Chiho , Kauffman Joanne , Soderland Kurt , Elouafi Ismahane , Paroda Raj , Chapagain Ashok K. , Rundle John , Hanasaki Naota , Hayashi Haruo , Akinsete Ebun , Hayashida Sachiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe last 12 months have provided further evidence of the potential for cascading ecological and socio-political crises that were warned of 12 months ago. Then a consensus statement from the Regional Action on Climate Change Symposium warned: “the Earth’s climatic, ecological, and human systems are converging towards a crisis that threatens to engulf global civilization within the lifetimes of children now living.” Since then, the consequences of a broad set of extreme climate events (notably droughts, floods, and fires) have been compounded by interaction with impacts from multiple pandemics (including COVID-19 and cholera) and the Russia–Ukraine war. As a result, new connections are becoming visible between climate change and human health, large vulnerable populations are experiencing food crises, climate refugees are on the move, and the risks of water, food, and climate disruption have been visibly converging and compounding. Many vulnerable populations now face serious challenges to adapt. In light of these trends, this year, RACC identifies a range of measures to be taken at global and regional levels to bolster the resilience of these populations in the face of such emerging crises. In particular, at all scales, there is a need for globally available local data, reliable analytic techniques, community capacity to plan adaptation strategies, and the resources (scientific, technical, cultural, and economic) to implement them. To date, the rate of growth of the support for climate change resilience lags behind the rapid growth of cascading and converging risks. As an urgent message to COP27, it is proposed that the time is now right to devote much greater emphasis, global funding, and support to the increasing adaptation needs of vulnerable populations.
Tracing mathematics engagement in the first year of high school: relationships between prior experience, observed support, and task-level emotion and motivation
Authors: Middleton James A. , Wiezel Adi , Jansen Amanda , Smith Ethan P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examined the relationships between different aspects of mathematics engagement for 285 students in their first year of high school in the United States. Path Analyses were used to trace the relationships between students’ self-reported prior motivation and appraisals of control and value of mathematics, perceptions of teacher support and peer support. These variables and observed teacher and peer support as coded from video by researchers, were examined as potentially impacting students’ self-reported in-the moment affect and task-level control and value appraisals Our results showed three key contributions. First, significant paths corresponded to relationships predicted by Control Value Theory (CVT) across a particularly robust set of variables and over the course of their first semester in high school. Second, results added further nuance by considering the objects that students’ in-the-moment emotions were directed toward, showing distinctions between positive and negative emotions directed at the mathematics task, students’ teachers and peers, and selves. Third, results more closely considered the impact of both observed and perceived aspect of support from peers and teachers in the classroom, in both its academic and social forms. Implications are discussed for theory and practice.
History of mathematics in mathematics education: Recent developments in the field
Authors: Chorlay Renaud , Clark Kathleen Michelle , Tzanakis Constantinos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last 40 years, exploring the possible interrelations between the history of mathematics and mathematics education has gradually emerged as an interdisciplinary domain of educational research and practice, and entered a maturity stage during the last two decades. This development calls for an account of the general issues concerning the rationale and main themes underlying research and applications in its context, and the foundational issues addressed as a result of its interdisciplinary character. Therefore, after explaining the perspective characterizing work in this domain (what has been called the HPM perspective), we present the main themes along which current research is conducted and we analyze the main issues and concerns raised by current research in this domain, with due reference to recent publications. Papers in this issue further develop the key research strands shaped by these main issues and concerns from a variety of perspectives; in particular, papers address the theoretical points related to the interdisciplinary character of this domain (e.g., the role of history in promoting and developing STEM education more profoundly), and the design of innovative teaching approaches based on original sources (e.g., how non-didacticized resource material can motivate mathematically rich tasks without requiring too specialized knowledge in the history of mathematics). These papers also suggest fresh avenues for research, some bearing on potential methodological connections between mathematics, education, and history (e.g., the possibility of different readings of original sources that reveal the complex interrelations among historical knowledge, teaching objectives, and pedagogical practices), and some bearing on the implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of designs connected to the history of mathematics, in teaching at all levels of education (e.g., development of curricular material based on original texts, offering new learning opportunities in relation to core topics in university mathematics). We conclude with a brief description of each contributed paper.
Analysing the citizenship agenda in Mathematical Literacy school exit assessments
Authors: Graven Mellony , Venkat Hamsa , Bowie Lynn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAssessments, in particular high stakes assessments, impact the nature of teaching and learning. Given this, the goal of citizenship if seen as important needs to feature within high stakes school exit assessments rather than only as part of curriculum and assessment policy rhetoric. South Africa’s Mathematical Literacy (ML) curriculum foregrounds critical democratic citizenship. We analyse the ML Grade 12 exit assessments from their start in 2008 to 2020 to understand the emphasis placed on critical citizenship and how this emphasis has shifted over time. The literature base links critical citizenship orientations with reasoning and reflecting questions, so we focused on examination questions in this category. Our findings show shifts away from critical citizenship related agendas towards foregrounding a life preparation orientation for the self-managing person. Linked with this shift, we note a move away from general societal contexts towards more personal/individual contexts and moves from almost entirely national contexts to inclusion of global contexts. We noted movement from more open-phrased questions towards closed ‘check figure calculated is valid’-type questions. Assessment memoranda suggest assessors view these questions as reasoning items, eroding the critical citizenship agenda. While increasing numbers of students are taking ML rather than Mathematics, average performance stands at around 40%. This points to limited and diminishing access to mathematical reasoning and reflecting for critical democratic citizenship. The paper highlights ways in which analysis of examinations over time can provide a window into the presence or absence of the citizenship agenda in mathematics education.
Understanding Value Change in the Energy Transition: Exploring the Perspective of Original Institutional Economics
Authors: Correljé Aad , Pesch Udo , Cuppen Eefje 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we take inspiration from original institutional economics (OIE) as an approach to study value change within the highly complex assembly of sociotechnical transformations that make up the energy transition. OIE is examined here as a suitable perspective, as it combines Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy and a methodological interactionist perspective on value change, behavior and institutions, with technology figuring as a transformational factor. This combination overcomes conceptual and methodological shortcomings of alternative accounts of values. We will present the contours of an OIE based conceptual framework connecting nature, humans, technology, the economic process, society, culture and institutions and habits, valuation and behavior. We illustrate how to use this framework to examine and understand how environmental, ecologic, safety, economic, and social concerns about the energy transition are (re)framed as (new) values in the belief systems and habits of individuals and groups. Moreover, we will explore how that may give rise to collective action, via the institutionalization of such revised values in the procedures, arrangements, norms and incentives guiding transactions. As such, this approach allows us in a fine-grained manner to conceptually and theoretically understand the way in which values change in the energy-transition, as a complex interaction of technology development and social relations.
Default defenses: the character defenses of attachment-anxiety and attachment-avoidance
Authors: Richardson Emma , Beath Alissa , Boag Simon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Contemporary attachment researchers claim that attachment-anxiety is associated with a hyperactivating defense strategy while attachment-avoidance is associated with a deactivating defense strategy. However, to date, no study has comprehensively examined the basic patterns of specific defense expression in the two dimensions of attachment insecurity (anxiety/avoidance). To address this research gap, the current study aimed to assess the character defenses associated with attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety, incorporating a broad spectrum of psychological defenses. The main objective was to understand what differentiates attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety in defensive functioning. In this study of online questionnaire design (N = 250), university undergraduates aged between 17 to 65 completed the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-60). The results show that the two dimensions of insecure attachment exhibit different defensive patterns. Regarding the main findings, attachment-avoidance uniquely predicted defensive isolation, and attachment-anxiety uniquely predicted the defenses splitting, projective identification, anticipation, acting out, passive-aggression, reaction formation, and undoing. Overall, the results indicate that attachment-anxiety is a significant predictor of global defensive functioning, over and above that of attachment-avoidance. One implication of this study is that the two-dimensional model of adult attachment may offer a promising framework for organizing psychological defenses. We discuss the significance of this concerning the future of the empirical study of psychological defenses. The discussion also considers the clinical application and relevance to attachment-based psychotherapy.
Theory and Practice of Teaching and Learning in the Classroom – Lessons from Indian Industrial Training Institutes
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Wessels Antje , Pilz Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn India, the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) are a vital part the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system. Previous research reveals that in addition to some other problems, it is the strongly theory-based training that impedes the transition of VET graduates into the labour market, and leads to a lack of work-readiness in young graduates. Since there is still little empirical evidence about the actual forms of teaching and learning in Indian vocational schools, this paper will examine how the learning processes in ITIs in Delhi, Coimbatore and Mumbai take place. To identify the relationship between the theory and practice of training, teacher interviews were conducted, in order to specifically examine the teacher´s beliefs and behaviours as well as classroom observations to supplement the interviews. The evidence gathered supports the thesis that ITI training is theory-driven and teacher-centred, that training is very often not practical and application-orientated, and most ITI teachers in the examined institutes have limited knowledge in the field of micro-didactics. Content knowledge and repetition of facts are more common than problem-based and learner-centred teaching.
The Dispersal of Bananas (Musa spp.) to the Americas in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Salas-Pascual Marcos , Cáceres-Lorenzo Teresa 
Published: November 2022

The Dispersal of Bananas (Musaspp.) to the Americas in the Sixteenth Century.So far, studies on the spread of banana cultivation in the Americas during the first century of American colonization have given rise to several hypotheses that are not very well supported. In this paper we use different methodologies—ethnobotany, history, and linguistics—to explain how this process occurred and to resolve the doubts that have arisen about the presence of bananas in the Americas before the arrival of the Spanish and Portuguese. To do so, we used philological databases comprising 7,850 documents, produced between 1492 and 1600. This work shows how the speed of the spread of banana cultivation and the presence of foreign varieties in the Americas can be perfectly explained in the light of the historical and ethnobotanical analysis of the accounts written by the inhabitants of the continents in the 16th century.Expansión del plátano (Musa spp.) en América durante el siglo XVI.Hasta el momento, los estudios realizados sobre la dispersión del cultivo del plátano en las Américas durante el primer siglo de colonización americana han dado lugar a varias hipótesis poco contrastadas. En el presente trabajo utilizamos diferentes metodologías, etnobotánica, histórica y lingüística, para explicar cómo sucedió este proceso y resolver las dudas aparecidas sobre la presencia de plátanos en las Américas antes de la llegada de españoles y portugueses. Para ello empleamos bases de datos filológicas integradas por 7.850 documentos, realizados entre 1492 y 1600. Este trabajo muestra cómo la velocidad de propagación del cultivo del plátano y la presencia de variedades extrañas en el ámbito americano pueden explicarse perfectamente a la luz del análisis histórico y etnobotánico de los relatos escritos por los habitantes del continente en el siglo XVI.
Protection and Monitoring of Inanimate Nature in the Actions of Landscape Parks — the Example of Poland (EU)
Authors: Dmytrowski Piotr , Kicińska Alicja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the legal protection status in the areas of landscape parks in Poland, whose current number is 126. The structure and effectiveness of provisions pertaining to the protection plans for landscape parks have been presented, mainly in the context of inanimate nature elements. It has been concluded that currently fewer than half of the landscape parks have valid protection plans and that their provisions and the level of detail vary greatly from park to park. After analysing the existing protection plans, it has been noticed that the provisions concerning the protection of inanimate nature elements constitute a definite minority in relation to the provisions concerning animate nature, cultural and historical, or landscape values. The consequences of the lack of regulations and actual actions in the sphere of permanent, organised monitoring of inanimate nature elements have been indicated. The paper also points out how the necessity for the park protection plans to obtain the status of a local legal act, at least in the part concerning broadly understood spatial planning, would be important and beneficial for the management of active nature conservation in the area of the entire landscape park. Furthermore, the paper underlines the importance of obtaining an appropriate amount of data from inventory and scientific research, as well as constant monitoring of animate and inanimate nature resources located in each of the parks.
Local Persistence of Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) under Increasing Urban Development: A Case Study from Zanzibar (Unguja), East Africa
Authors: Narayan Gita R. , Herrán Natalia , Reymond Claire E. , Shaghude Yohanna W. , Westphal Hildegard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoastal marine management is vital for socio-ecological sustainability of developing, tropical ecosystems, which calls for diverse tools to monitor and assess water quality. The carbonate-dominated habitats off Zanzibar were chosen for study due to potential water quality degradation in a rapidly developing tourist destination heavily reliant on its coral reefs. These reefs are largely unmonitored and subject to local and global stressors. A widely used method for assessing reef health, as an early detection method of ecological changes, is the application of large benthic foraminiferal bioindicators, i.e., the FoRAM Index. We expected to find poor water quality conditions in the unmanaged reefs supported by stress-toelerant (opportunistic) foraminiferal assemblages. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate values derived from untreated sewage effluent from Stone Town were highly variable (ranging 0.05–3.77 and 0.05–1.45 µM, respectively), moderate, and occasionally approached or exceeded critical threshold values for oligotrophic ecosystems. The analysis of total assemblages indicated an abundance of symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera, dominated by prolific Amphistegina species, comparatively low-moderate diversity, high FI values (7.6 on average), and high coral cover. A water quality gradient was reflected by subtle assemblage differences, suggesting that LBF can provide early warning signals of benthic changes, indicating the importance of long-term monitoring programs in vulnerable, rapidly developing coastal ecosystems exposed to increasing pressures.