bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhoticity in Southern New Zealand English
Authors: Schilk Marco , Pickert Lena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Though generally considered a non-rhotic variety, New Zealand English (NZE) shows some variation in terms of rhotic vowel colouring, mainly observed in southern New Zealand speakers. The current study uses an acoustic approach to a new audio-visual database, the UC Canterbury QuakeBox (Walsh et al. 2013) to account for variation in the degree of rhotic vowel colouring in southern NZE speakers. Identifying all nurse vowels in the data of eight representative speakers with interview transcripts, auditory perception, and a Praat-based acoustic analysis, rhotic vowel colouring is subsequently rated based on third formant (F3) realization. Results show that southern speakers display rhotic vowel colouring to varying degrees. A mixed-effects model and qualitative interpretation of key speakers further suggest an age-based cline of rhoticity with younger speakers converging on the non-rhotic standard, indicating that this rhotic vowel colouring in Southern speakers may be due to resistance to dialect levelling rather than ongoing differentiation.
MuPDAR for corpus-based learner and variety studies
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Corpus-based studies of learner language and (especially) English varieties have become more quantitative in nature and increasingly use regression-based methods and classifiers such as classification trees, random forests, etc. One recent development that is becoming more widely used is the MuPDAR (Multifactorial Prediction and Deviation Analysis using Regressions) approach of Gries and Deshors (2014) and Gries and Adelman (2014). This approach attempts to improve on traditional regression- or tree-based approaches by, firstly, training a model/classifier on the reference speakers (often native speakers in learner corpus studies or British English speakers in variety studies), then, secondly, using this model/classifier to predict what such a reference speaker would produce in the situation the target speaker is in (often non-native speakers or indigenized-variety speakers). The third step then consists of determining whether the target speakers made a canonical choice or not and explore that variability with a second regression model or classifier. The present paper is a follow-up to Gries and Deshors’s (2020) and offers additional answers to a variety of questions that readers and audiences to MuPDAR presentations have been raising for a few years. First, I show how MuPDAR can be extended straightforwardly to alternations that involve more than the typically used binary choices; I do so in a way that also addresses another potential challenge and exemplify this with a case study from varieties research. Second, I outline a casewise-similarity approach towards predicting what reference speakers would do that avoids frequent regression modeling problems and exemplify, as well as compare, it to competing alternatives with a case study from learner corpus research.
Microstructure, electrical, optical and electrochemical characteristics of silver phosphate glasses cathode for magnesium battery applications
Authors: Khalil R M , Hameed Talaat A , Farrag M , Sheha E , Ali A A , Salman F , Solyman S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The realization of a practical magnesium battery is combined with the development of a high kinetic cathode and compatible electrolyte to facilitate the redox process. For this reason, silver phosphate glasses in the binary system (Fe2O3–AgPO3) are prepared using the conventional quenching method. The glasses were defined in the form [Fe2O3]
x
[AgPO3](100−x) and the composition with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 40 wt. %. The molar volumes and densities were measured. These glass systems were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer, electrochemical procedures and impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction revealed that pristine AgPO3 sample was formed in a glassy state, whereas two crystalline phases (AgFeP2O7 and Fe2O3) were formed after the incorporation of Fe2O3 by different concentrations. Bond assignments associated with different functional groups were investigated by an FT-IR spectroscopy. The values of the band gap were decreased with the increase of Fe2O3 content. The effect of grains and grain boundaries in a heterostructure made up of Fe2O3 and AgFeP2O7 crystallites grown in silver phosphate glasses was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The complex impedance, electrical conductivity, and complex electric modulus were measured in terms of frequency and temperature dependency in [Fe2O3]
x
–[AgPO3](1−x). In the studied glass systems, non-Debye relaxation was observed. Under a variable regime, σ
ac conductivity follows a modified Jonscher’s law Arrhenius fitting of multiple relaxation processes in the material yielded activation energy of (0.12 eV–0.271 eV) which support a Maxwell–Wagner relaxation model in the heterostructure glasses at high temperatures and low frequencies. The dc conductivity decreases with iron rate and follows the Arrhenius law with very low activation energy (0.12–0.27 eV. Mg//electrolyte//Glass coin cells are assembled and show an initial discharge capacity of up to ∼564 mAh g−1. These materials are attractive for application in modernistic electrochemical devices because of their great compositional and preparation variety which enables tuning the types and techniques of electrical conduction in the material.
Research on soft compensation of the potential drift signal of a pH electrode based on a gated recurrent neural network
Authors: Chen Ying , Xu Chongxuan , Zhao Xueliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a convenient chemical sensor, the pH electrode is widely used in the measurement of the pH value of water bodies. However, due to structural aging and environmental influences, the pH electrode is prone to drift, which directly results in the inability to obtain accurate measurement results. Based on the above problems, this paper proposes a cascade structure soft compensation model with the gated recurrent unit (GRU) as the main body. The model uses the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise with permutation entropy (CEEMDAN-PE) method to obtain the main characteristics of the pH electrode potential drift signal to reduce the interference of noise in the actual measurement environment, and uses its output as the input of the GRU neural network to obtain the prediction results and compensate for the drift signal. This model is called the CEEMDA-PE & GRU (CPG) model. In this paper, the CPG model is compared with the commonly used time series prediction model, and the results show that the prediction effect of this model is better than other models. The root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error of the prediction model are reduced by 60.97%, 65.53%, and 66.55%, respectively. Finally, this paper proposes the concept of the degree of compensation to evaluate the compensation effect. The average degree of compensation of the soft compensation method is above 83%. The results show that the soft compensation method can improve the measurement accuracy of the pH electrode and has good robustness.
Correction and pointer reading recognition of circular pointer meter
Authors: Ji Dongsheng , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Qianchuan , Yang Wen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the meter images collected in an actual environment, there is the possibility of tilt and rotation. This paper presents a method to calibrate the circular pointer-type meter based on YOLOv5s network. The convolutional neural network framework is used to detect the scale value in the meter panel as the key point. The position information and value information of the detected scale value are used to fit the elliptic equation of the position of the scale value with the least square method for perspective correction and rotation correction of the meter, and the corrected meter image is used to obtain the meter pointer reading. This paper proposes the weighted angle method to read the meter reading. After multiple transformations, the accumulated error of the meter image is eliminated. Finally, comparing the pointer detection method of this paper with the traditional pointer detection method, the error of this detection method is smaller; comparing the meter reading results before and after correction, the meter reading error after correction is 50% less than before correction. Comparing the method in this paper with other mainstream methods, it proves the effectiveness of the our method.
CoMo layered double hydroxide equipped with carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yan Xuesheng , Wang Zhaolong , Bao Jian , Song Yanhua , She Xiaojie , Yuan Junjie , Hua Yingjie , Lv Guoai , Li Huaming , Xu Hui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To carry out effective resource reforming of sustainable electricity, hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting provides an eco-friendly and economical way. Nevertheless, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode is limited by the slow reaction process, which hinders the large-scale development and application of electrolysis technology. In this work, we present an electrocatalyst with superior OER performance, which attributed to the abundant active sites and good electronic conductivity. The two-dimensional CoMo Layered Double Hydroxide nanosheets are synthesized and deposited on conductive carbon nanotubes (CoMo LDH/CNTs), and then hybrid composites show better catalytic performance than their undecorated counterpart under identical conditions. Specifically, CoMo LDH/CNTs exhibit the low overpotential of 268 mV to obtain 10 mA cm−2 and satisfactory stability (more than 40 h). We emphasize that this hybridization strategy with a conductive supporting framework could design more abundant and low-cost OER electrocatalysts to minimize electrical energy consumption, thereby achieving efficient conversion between energy sources.
Revisiting multi-breathers in the discrete Klein–Gordon equation: a spatial dynamics approach
Authors: Parker Ross , Cuevas-Maraver Jesús , Kevrekidis P G , Aceves Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider the existence and spectral stability of multi-breather structures in the discrete Klein–Gordon equation, both for soft and hard symmetric potentials. To obtain analytical results, we project the system onto a finite-dimensional Hilbert space consisting of the first M Fourier modes, for arbitrary M. On this approximate system, we then take a spatial dynamics approach and use Lin’s method to construct multi-breathers from a sequence of well-separated copies of the primary, single-site breather. We then locate the eigenmodes in the Floquet spectrum associated with the interaction between the individual breathers of such multi-breather states by reducing the spectral problem to a matrix equation. Expressions for these eigenmodes for the approximate, finite-dimensional system are obtained in terms of the primary breather and its kernel eigenfunctions, and these are found to be in very good agreement with the numerical Floquet spectrum results. This is supplemented with results from numerical timestepping experiments, which are interpreted using the spectral computations.
Variational resolution of outflow boundary conditions for incompressible Navier–Stokes
Authors: Bathory Michal , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the so-called weighted inertia-dissipation-energy variational approach for the approximation of unsteady Leray–Hopf solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes system. Initiated in (Ortiz et al 2018 Nonlinearity
31 5664–82), this variational method is here extended to the case of non-Newtonian fluids with power-law index r ⩾ 11/5 in three space dimension and large nonhomogeneous data. Moreover, boundary conditions are not imposed on some parts of boundaries, representing, e.g., outflows. Correspondingly, natural boundary conditions arise from the minimisation. In particular, at walls we recover boundary conditions of Navier-slip type. At outflows and inflows, we obtain the condition

−

1

2

|
v

|

2

n
+
T
n
=
0

. This provides the first theoretical explanation for the onset of such boundary conditions.
Dispersive effects in a scalar nonlocal wave equation inspired by peridynamics
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , Dipierro Serena , Fanizza Giuseppe , Maddalena Francesco , Valdinoci Enrico 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the dispersive properties of a linear equation in one spatial dimension which is inspired by models in peridynamics. The interplay between nonlocality and dispersion is analyzed in detail through the study of the asymptotics at low and high frequencies, revealing new features ruling the wave propagation in continua where nonlocal characteristics must be taken into account. Global dispersive estimates and existence of conserved functionals are proved. A comparison between these new effects and the classical local scenario is deepened also through a numerical analysis.
Normalized solutions to p-Laplacian equations with combined nonlinearities*
Authors: Zhang Zexin , Zhang Zhitao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the p-Laplacian equation with a L

p
-norm constraint:

−

Δ

p

u
=
λ
|
u

|

p
−
2

u
+
μ
|
u

|

q
−
2

u
+
g

(

u

)

in

R

N

,

∫

R

N

|
u

|

p

d
x
=

a

p

,

where N ⩾ 2, a > 0,

1
<
p
<
q
⩽

p

¯

≔
p
+

p

2

N

,

μ
∈
R

,

g
∈
C

(

R
,
R

)

and

λ
∈
R

is a Lagrange multiplier, which appears due to the mass constraint ‖u‖
p
= a. We assume that g is odd and L

p
-supercritical. When

q
<

p

¯

and μ > 0, we use Schwarz rearrangement and Ekeland variational principle to prove the existence of positive radial ground states for suitable μ. When

q
=

p

¯

and μ > 0 or

q
⩽

p

¯

and μ ⩽ 0, with an additional condition of g, we obtain a positive radial ground state if μ lies in a suitable range, by the Schwarz rearrangement and minimax theorems. Via a fountain theorem type argument, with suitable

μ
∈
R

, we obtain infinitely many radial solutions for any N ⩾ 2 and establish the existence of infinitely many nonradial sign-changing solutions for N = 4 or N ⩾ 6. In any case mentioned above, the range of μ depends on the value of a: |μ| can be large if a > 0 is small.
A simple stability criterion for dynamical systems with stochastic switching and/or stochastic time-delays
Authors: Carter Camille , Murri Jacob , Reber David , Webb Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In many natural and technological systems the rule that governs the system’s dynamics changes over time. In such switched systems the system’s switching can be a significant source of instability. Here we give a simple sufficient criterium to determine if an i.i.d. stochastically switched system is stable in expectation. This method extends recent results for linear switched systems to nonlinear switched systems. It also extends results known for general switched systems giving improved results for systems with i.i.d. stochastic switching. The paper also considers the effects of time-delays on the stability of switched systems. Such time delays, which are intrinsic to any real-world system, can also have a destabilising effect on the system’s dynamics. Previously, it has been shown that if a dynamical system is intrinsically stable, which is a stronger form of global stability, then it maintains its stability even when time-delays are introduced into the system. Here we extend this notion to stochastically switched systems. We refer to this type of stability as patient stability and give a simple sufficient criterium under which such systems are patiently stable, i.e. cannot be destabilised by time delays. Both criteria introduced in this paper side step the need to use Lyapunov, linear matrix inequalities, and semi-definite programming-type methods. Our examples in this paper demonstrate the simplicity of these criteria.
Periods 1 + 2 imply chaos in steep or nonsmooth maps
Authors: Jeffrey Mike R , Avrutin Viktor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Maps with discontinuities can be shown to have many of the same properties of continuous maps if we include hidden orbits—solutions that include points lying on a discontinuity. We show here how the well known property that ‘period 3 implies chaos’ also applies to maps with discontinuities, but with a twist, namely that if a map has a hidden fixed point and a hidden period 2 orbit, then it has hidden orbits of all periods, or concisely ‘period 1 + 2 implies chaos’. More precisely we show that for a one-dimensional map defined on an interval, if there exist hidden orbits of periods p and q, then there exist hidden orbits of all periods ap + bq, for any

a
,
b
∈
N

. To better understand this result we show that, by smoothing or ‘regularising’ across the discontinuity, these hidden orbits become regular unstable orbits, and the familiar results for continuous maps (like ‘period 3 implies chaos’) are restored. We also show examples of hidden orbits in some applications of oscillators, and consider how these results can be used to approximate the behaviour of continuous maps with steep segments.
Development and validation of an iodine plasma model for gridded ion thrusters
Authors: Lafleur T , Habl L , Rossi E Zorzoli , Rafalskyi D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Iodine is emerging as an attractive alternative propellant to xenon for several electric propulsion technologies due to its significantly lower cost and its ability to be stored unpressurized as a solid. Because of the more complex reaction processes and energy-loss channels in iodine plasmas however, as well as the historical lack of reliable collision cross-section data, the development of accurate theoretical and numerical models has been hindered. Using recently calculated theoretical cross-sections, we present an iodine plasma model and perform a comparison with experimental data obtained from an iodine-fuelled gridded ion thruster. The model is in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of the ion beam current, propellant mass utilization efficiency, and ion beam composition, and is able to quantitatively and qualitatively reproduce system behaviour as the input mass flow rate and RF power are varied. In addition, both the model and experiment show that the use of iodine can lead to a performance enhancement when compared with xenon. This occurs because of the combination of different iodine reaction processes, collision cross-section values, and inelastic energy thresholds which result in lower collisional energy losses, as well as an increased antenna-plasma power transfer efficiency for thrusters using a radio-frequency inductive coil.
Evaluation of a vascularized, self-healing structure fabricated via material extrusion
Authors: Turicek Jack , Kowal Eirene , Holland Kyle , Kalchik Dylan , Stowe Jonathan , Hart Kevin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Material extrusion is a versatile 3D-printing platform for building complex one-off designs. However, the mechanical properties of parts printed using material extrusion are limited by the weak bonding between successive layers of the print, causing premature failure at these critical locations. In this work, an additively manufactured component is crafted which incorporates internal vascular channels capable of autonomously delivering a one-part healing agent to the site of interlaminar damage, when and where it occurs thereby restoring the base structure. The effectiveness of fracture toughness restoration was investigated for various healing times and healing agents. Healing efficiencies of greater than 100% are reported for experimental-type samples using acetone as the healing agent while control specimens using a non-solvent agent demonstrated no recovery. Fractography of damaged surfaces via optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy revealed multiple healing mechanisms that are discussed herein. Lastly, biological analogies and the viability of our design in application are discussed.
Observation of unconventional proximity induced superconducting effects in Bi2Se3 flakes
Authors: Yadav Reena , Bhattacharyya Biplab , Pandey Animesh , Kaur Mandeep , Gupta Anurag , Husale Sudhir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Topological superconductors (TSCs) are the materials with superconducting gap in bulk and exotic quasiparticles form gapless edge state. These quasiparticles can be employed as topological quantum bits for execution of quantum computation. Intrinsic TSCs are very rare in nature but artificial TSCs can be engineered by combining topological insulators with s-wave conventional superconductors. Hence recently hybrid structure composed of topological insulator and superconductor has been subject of research in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we use Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin flakes and tungsten (W) superconducting electrodes are deposited by using FIB based gas injection system (GIS). Fabricated Bi2Se3 flake/W hybrid structures were used to investigate induced superconductivity in Bi2Se3 flake via electric transport measurements. The resistance of the flake shows a drastic and significant decrease (8.4%) when the electrodes become superconducting. The superconducting transition (8.4%) is observed even though the length of Bi2Se3 flake between the superconducting contacts was 1.38 μm (≫ superconducting coherence length). Surprisingly, we find that resistance of Bi2Se3 flake shows an abrupt increase just before the transition temperature of superconducting electrodes (T < Tc) due to presence of electron-electron interaction. We also observe that the magnetoresistance of the flake is negative below transition temperature (T < Tc), but above transition temperature (T > Tc) magnetoresistance becomes positive due to the effects of superconducting electrodes which we discussed here in detail and it may help in constructing the topological superconductor.
ALP dark matter from kinetic fragmentation: opening up the parameter window
Authors: Eröncel Cem , Sato Ryosuke , Servant Géraldine , Sørensen Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main mechanism responsible for Axion-Like-Particle (ALP) production in the early universe is the so-called misalignment mechanism. Three regimes have been investigated in this context: standard misalignment, large misalignment and kinetic misalignment. The latter applies if the axion inherits a large initial velocity in the early universe, such that the field rolls through many wiggles during its evolution, before it gets trapped in one minimum. This largely opens the region of parameter space for ALP dark matter towards higher values for the axion-photon coupling, which can be probed by the whole set of next decade's upcoming experiments. In fact, almost the entire parameter space in the [mass, decay constant] plane can now accommodate dark matter. In this paper, we show that in kinetic misalignment, the axion field is almost always entirely fragmented, meaning that the energy density of the homogeneous field is redistributed over higher-mode axions. We present a general model-independent analytical description of kinetic fragmentation, including discussion of the modified initial conditions for the mode functions due to the axion's initial velocity, and how they impact the growth of the adiabatic fluctuations. We calculate precisely the parameter regions corresponding respectively to standard misalignment, kinetic misalignment with weak fragmentation, fragmentation after trapping and fragmentation before trapping. While axion fragmentation can impact the precise determination of the relic abundance, another main observational implication is the formation of much denser compact axion halos, that is described in a companion paper. We also point out a new gravitational-wave signature that arises in the large misalignment regime with complete fragmentation and could be seen in measurements ofμdistortions in the Cosmic Microwave Background.