bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One belt, one road, one way? Where European exporters benefit from the new silkroad
Authors: Mau Karsten , Seuren Rosalie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe analyze the trade effects of a new unfolding transport infrastructure in connection with China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Using panel data for the years 1996–2018, featuring 27 exporting countries and 96 industries, we exploit variation in the timing and number of railway connections to estimate whether European countries benefit from increased export revenues and product variety of their shipments to China. We find that both increase and that also indirectly connected countries benefit. Using additional data on the mode of transport, we find that industries with intermediate time-sensitivity appear to increase their utilization of rail-freight to China the most and confirm that the overall increase in exports is also driven by these industries. We further show that mainly Central, Eastern and Southeast European regions are specialized in economic activities related to “railway adopting industries”, which makes likely to benefit the most from first-order gains of improved market access and export opportunities.
Contributions of Fe(III) to UV–Vis absorbance in river water: a case study on the Connecticut River and argument for the systematic tandem measurement of Fe(III) and CDOM
Authors: Logozzo Laura A. , Martin Joseph W. , McArthur Johnae , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) impacts the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. DOM absorbs light in the UV and visible (UV–Vis) wavelengths, thus impacting light attenuation. Because absorption by DOM depends on its composition, UV–Vis absorbance is used to constrain DOM composition, source, and amount. Ferric iron, Fe(III), also absorbs in the UV–Vis; when Fe(III) is present, DOM-attributed absorbance is overestimated. Here, we explore how differing behavior of DOM and Fe(III) at the catchment scale impacts UV–Vis absorbance and evaluate how system-specific variability impacts the effectiveness of existing Fe(III) correction factors in a temperate watershed. We sampled five sites in the Connecticut River mainstem bi-weekly for ~ 1.5 years, and seven sites in the Connecticut River watershed once during the summer 2019. We utilized size fractionation to isolate the impact of DOM and Fe(III) on absorbance and show that variable contributions of Fe(III) to absorbance at 254 nm (a254) and 412 nm (a412) by size fraction complicates correction for Fe(III). We demonstrate that the overestimation of DOM-attributed absorbance by Fe(III) is correlated to the Fe(III):dissolved organic carbon concentration ratio; thus, overestimation can be high even when Fe(III) is low. a254 overestimation is highly variable even within a single system, but can be as high as 53%. Finally, we illustrate that UV-Vis overestimation might impart bias to seasonal, discharge, and land-use trends in DOM quality. Together, these findings argue that Fe(III) should be measured in tandem with UV–Vis absorbance for estimates of CDOM composition or amount.
Adaptation of a Hearing Voices Group Facilitation Training for VA Stakeholders
Authors: Fletcher Erica Hua , Kalofonos Ippolytos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Hearing Voices (HV) Movement promotes diverse understandings of voice-hearing and seeing visions, which mental health professionals commonly refer to as ‘auditory hallucinations,’ ‘schizophrenia,’ or ‘psychosis.’ Central to this movement are peer support groups through which attendees connect with others who have similar experiences. This paper describes an adaptation of a Hearing Voices group facilitation training at VA Greater Los Angeles (VAGLA) and discusses training modifications, along with trainee perceptions and implementation and intervention outcomes. This is a first step towards adapting HV-inspired groups to VA systems of care. Data collection involved surveys of trainees (n = 18) and field notes throughout the 24 h online training. Findings indicate high acceptability and appropriateness of the training and high feasibility in implementation, suggesting the training was well-adapted to VAGLA. This research contributes to global efforts to integrate the Hearing Voices approach in diverse settings and increase awareness about its benefits among providers.
Failure is the Greatest Teacher: Embracing the Positives of Failure in Primate Conservation
Authors: Webber Amanda D. , Cotton Sam , McCabe Gráinne M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract“Failure” is recognised as being vital for success in many fields but is seldom embraced in primate conservation or conservation more generally. In this paper, we use examples from the literature, particularly around reintroduction, to reflect on failure and consider the contribution it can make to primate conservation success. Barriers to acknowledging failure are highlighted and include concerns regarding reputational damage that impact on communication with funders, publishing, and discussing our projects more widely. We also discuss the need for a broader and adaptive approach to include multiple steps of experimentation, reflection, and subsequent learning. This process, which necessarily includes failures and the results of unintended consequences, will require primatologists to use a collaborative, interdisciplinary, and reflective approach to effectively address factors that contribute to failure, including those external to the traditional focus of primatologists. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for progressing in this area, including (i) Funding—funders to incorporate greater flexibility in response to project change and to specifically ask grantees to consider risk, failure, and lessons learnt, and funders and grantees to improve dialogue; (ii) Publishing—journals to have a section that considers failure and lessons learnt and, along with societies, to further engage with researchers from the Global South about the best ways to support with publishing; and (iii) Communication—primate conservationists to lead by example and reflect/discuss failure openly and to create spaces that encourage sharing of these topics. Whilst not exhaustive, we hope that these recommendations will contribute to developing a culture of constructive discussion around failure in primate conservation.
Prevalence and Persistence of High-Growth Entrepreneurship: Which Institutions Matter Most?
Authors: Erhardt Eva Christine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Which institutions encourage high-growth entrepreneurship to emerge and to be sustained? Building on institutional theory, this study exploits a sample of 239,911 observations for micro, small, and medium–sized firms from Bulgaria during the period 2001–2010 and finds three types of effects: first, informal institutional constraints such as corruption significantly reduce both the probability to become a high growth firm and the sustainability of growth. Second and unexpected from most of the literature, formal institutional constraints do not discourage firms from pursuing their growth ambitions and even enhance further growth. Third, constraints related to institutional governance, notably limited access to finance, have a negative effect before high-growth, but become less relevant after the high-growth spurt. Results imply that institutional reforms represent a policy tool for supporting high-growth entrepreneurship in an emerging economy context. They also suggest, however, that steadiness in reform efforts is necessary, as informal institutions, which matter most, are particularly slow to change.
A comprehensive review on structural tsunami countermeasures
Authors: Oetjen Jan , Sundar Vallam , Venkatachalam Sriram , Reicherter Klaus , Engel Max , Schüttrumpf Holger , Sannasiraj Sannasi Annamalaisamy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTsunamis pose a substantial threat to coastal communities around the globe. To counter their effects, several hard and soft mitigation measures are applied, the choice of which essentially depends on regional expectations, historical experiences and economic capabilities. These countermeasures encompass hard measures to physically prevent tsunami impacts such as different types of seawalls or offshore breakwaters, as well as soft measures such as long-term tsunami hazard assessment, tsunami education, evacuation plans, early-warning systems or coastal afforestation. Whist hard countermeasures generally aim at reducing the inundation level and distance, soft countermeasures focus mainly on enhanced resilience and decreased vulnerability or nature-based wave impact mitigation. In this paper, the efficacy of hard countermeasures is evaluated through a comprehensive literature review. The recent large-scale tsunami events facilitate the assessment of performance characteristics of countermeasures and related damaging processes by in-situ observations. An overview and comparison of such damages and dependencies are given and new approaches for mitigating tsunami impacts are presented.
Impact of Select Geometric and Operational Parameters on Hydrodynamics in Dissolution Apparatus 2 (Paddle Apparatus): A Design of Experiments Analysis Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Perivilli Satish , Walfish Steven , Stippler Erika , Liddell Mark R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis driven by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations was used to evaluate individual and two-factor interaction effects of varying select geometric and operational parameters on the hydrodynamics in dissolution apparatus 2 (paddle apparatus).

Methods
Simulations were run with meshing controls and solution strategies retained from a mesh-independent validated baseline model. Distance between vessel and impeller bottom surfaces, impeller offset, vessel radius and impeller rotation speed were considered as input parameters. The velocity magnitudes at four locations near the vessel bottom surface were considered as output parameters. Response surfaces and Pareto charts were generated to understand individual and two-factor interaction effects of input parameters on the output parameters.

Results
Impeller offset has a dominating influence of a linear and quadratic nature on the output parameters and affects overall hydrodynamics. Changes to other input parameters have limited influence on velocity magnitudes at locations closest to the vessel axis and on overall hydrodynamics. However, these parameters have important influences of varying degrees on velocity magnitudes at locations away from the vessel axis.

Conclusions
The hydrodynamics in Apparatus 2 is influenced differently by different parameters and their combinations. Impeller offset has a stronger influence when compared to parameters that do not alter apparatus symmetry.
Sources of convergence and divergence in university research quality: evidence from the performance-based research funding system in New Zealand
Authors: Buckle Robert A. , Creedy John , Gemmell Norman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe introduction of performance-based research funding systems (PBRFS) in many countries has generated new information on their impacts. Recent research has considered whether such systems generate convergence or divergence of research quality across universities and academic disciplines. However, little attention has been given to the processes determining research quality changes. This paper utilises anonymised longitudinal researcher data over 15 years of the New Zealand PBRFS to evaluate whether research quality changes are characterised by convergence or divergence, and the processes determining those dynamics. A unique feature is the use of longitudinal data to decompose changes in researcher quality into contributions arising from the entry, exit and quality transformations of retained researchers, and their impacts on convergence or divergence of research quality across universities and disciplines. The paper also identifies how researcher dynamics vary systematically between universities and disciplines, providing new insights into the effects of these systems.
Induction of in vitro androgenesis in anther culture of recalcitrant einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.)
Authors: Lantos Csaba , Lehoczki-Krsjak Szabolcs , Pauk János 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEinkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) can be applied as a model species for cereal genomic studies due to its small genome size and high level of polymorphism. The in vitro somatic tissue culture protocol in einkorn was significantly improved recently, however the in vitro androgenesis remained an unresolved research topic. Five different pre-treatments were compared to study the effects of stress pre-treatments on the efficiency of androgenesis in two einkorn genotypes. The long cold pre-treatment (2 weeks, 4 °C) of donor tillers increased significantly the number of microspore derived embryo-like structures (ELS). Green and albino plantlets were regenerated from these structures. The ploidy level of microspore-derived green plantlet was determined as haploid by flow cytometric analyses. This is the first report published on the successful androgenesis induction (ELS production) and green- and albino plantlet regeneration in in vitro anther culture of the recalcitrant einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.).
Towards Predicting the Onset of Elastic Turbulence in Complex Geometries
Authors: Ekanem Eseosa M. , Berg Steffen , De Shauvik , Fadili Ali , Luckham Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flow of complex fluids in porous structures is pertinent in many biological and industrial processes. For these applications, elastic turbulence, a viscoelastic instability occurring at low Re—arising from a non-trivial coupling of fluid rheology and flow geometry—is a common and relevant effect because of significant over-proportional increase in pressure drop and spatio-temporal distortion of the flow field. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to predict the onset of elastic turbulence in flow geometries with constrictions. The onset of flow perturbations to fluid streamlines is not adequately captured by Deborah and Weissenberg numbers. The introduction of more complex dimensionless numbers such as the M-criterion, which was meant as a simple and pragmatic method to predict the onset of elastic instabilities as an order-of-magnitude estimate, has been successful for simpler geometries. However, for more complex geometries which are encountered in many relevant applications, sometimes discrepancies between experimental observation and M-criteria prediction have been encountered. So far these discrepancies have been mainly attributed to the emergence from disorder. In this experimental study, we employ a single channel with multiple constrictions at varying distance and aspect ratios. We show that adjacent constrictions can interact via non-laminar flow field instabilities caused by a combination of individual geometry and viscoelastic rheology depending (besides other factors) explicitly on the distance between adjacent constrictions. This provides intuitive insight on a more conceptual level why the M-criteria predictions are not more precise. Our findings suggest that coupling of rheological effects and fluid geometry is more complex and implicit and controlled by more length scales than are currently employed. For translating bulk fluid, rheology determined by classical rheometry into the effective behaviour in complex porous geometries requires consideration of more than only one repeat element. Our findings open the path towards more accurate prediction of the onset of elastic turbulence, which many applications will benefit.

Article Highlights

We demonstrate that adjacent constrictions “interact” via the non-laminar flow fields caused by individual constrictions, implying that the coupling of rheological effects and fluid geometry is more complex and implicit.

The concept of characterizing fluid rheology independent of flow geometry and later coupling back to the geometry of interest via dimensionless numbers may fall short of relevant length scales, such as the separation of constrictions which control the overlap of flow fields.

By providing direct experimental evidence illustrating the cause of the shortcoming of the status-quo, the expected impact of this work is to challenge and augment existing concepts that will ultimately lead to the correct prediction of the onset of elastic turbulence.
In vitro fermentation and production of methane and carbon dioxide from rations containing Moringa oleifera leave silage as a replacement of soybean meal: in vitro assessment
Authors: Morsy Tarek A. , Gouda Gouda A. , Kholif Ahmed E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant leaf meal of some forage trees such as Moringa oleifera has attracted an increasing interest as a good and cheap source of protein. The present in vitro experiment employed the in vitro wireless gas production (GP) technique to evaluate the inclusion of M. oleifera leaves ensiled for 45 days as a replacement for soybean meal in rations. A control basal ration was formulated to contain 17.5% soybean meal as a source of protein. Soybean meal in the control ration was replaced with silage (MOS) at increasing levels of 0 to 100%. Replacing soybean meal with MOS gradually increased (P < 0.001) GP kinetics (asymptotic GP, rate of GP, and lag time of GP). However, soybean meal replacement decreased (P < 0.001) asymptotic methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) productions, and rate of CH4 production and increased the lag time of CH4 and CO2 production. Gradual increases (P < 0.001) in the digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, ruminal bacteria count, fermentation pH, and the concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and propionate were observed with rations containing MOS. Decreases in the digestibility of crude protein, ruminal protozoal count, and the concentrations of ruminal ammonia-N were observed with MOS rations. It is concluded soybean meal can be completely replaced by MOS with desirable effects on ruminal fermentation.
Insights into structure and functioning of a soil microbial community amended with cattle manure digestate and sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Garbini Gian Luigi , Grenni Paola , Rauseo Jasmin , Patrolecco Luisa , Pescatore Tanita , Spataro Francesca , Barra Caracciolo Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The present work aimed to fill some knowledge gaps on the effects on non-target natural soil microbial communities of the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotic potentially found in cattle manure digestate. Both soil prokaryotic and fungal community under different conditions were analyzed using molecular ecology methods.

Methods
A previous microcosm experiment with a soil amended with a cattle manure digestate (3% dry mass) and spiked with SMX (20 mg/kg soil) was used for this in-depth study. Microbial live cell abundances were assessed by direct epifluorescence microscope methods. The microbial community structures were studied by DNA extraction and amplification using 16S rRNA primers targeting the V3-V4 region (for prokaryotes) and ITS1 (for fungi); Alpha-diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon and Evenness) were also estimated. Moreover, a prediction functional analysis was performed on prokaryotic 16S rRNA amplicon data with PICRUSt2 in order to predict possible variations in some microbial functioning.

Results
Adding digestate to soil promoted both microbial abundance and some bacterial groups. The co-presence of SMX initially lowered these positive effects and decreased diversity. However, at day 61, the antibiotic was almost all removed and the microbial abundance and prokaryotic and fungal diversity showed increased values.

Conclusion
The antibiotic detrimental effects on prokaryotic cells were transient and some resistant bacteria (e.g., Sphingomonas, Skermanella), presumably introduced into the soil with the digestate, were able to remove SMX. Moreover, the digestate long-term effect was to favor some fungal groups such as Basidiomycota. The presence of the genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota), able to transform antibiotics, does not exclude also as possible involvement of this fungus in SMX removal.
Tackling the class imbalance problem of deep learning-based head and neck organ segmentation
Authors: Tappeiner Elias , Welk Martin , Schubert Rainer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The segmentation of organs at risk (OAR) is a required precondition for the cancer treatment with image- guided radiation therapy. The automation of the segmentation task is therefore of high clinical relevance. Deep learning (DL)-based medical image segmentation is currently the most successful approach, but suffers from the over-presence of the background class and the anatomically given organ size difference, which is most severe in the head and neck (HAN) area.

Methods
To tackle the HAN area-specific class imbalance problem, we first optimize the patch size of the currently best performing general-purpose segmentation framework, the nnU-Net, based on the introduced class imbalance measurement, and second introduce the class adaptive Dice loss to further compensate for the highly imbalanced setting.

Results
Both the patch size and the loss function are parameters with direct influence on the class imbalance, and their optimization leads to a 3% increase in the Dice score and 22% reduction in the 95% Hausdorff distance compared to the baseline, finally reaching $$0.8\pm 0.15$$

0.8
±
0.15

and $$3.17\pm 1.7$$

3.17
±
1.7

mm for the segmentation of seven HAN organs using a single and simple neural network.

Conclusion
The patch size optimization and the class adaptive Dice loss are both simply integrable in current DL-based segmentation approaches and allow to increase the performance for class imbalance segmentation tasks.
Metabolism-related MOGS Gene is Dysregulated After Peripheral Nerve Injury and Negatively Regulates Schwann Cell Plasticity
Authors: Zhang Yunsong , Yang Miao , Shen Yinying , Yi Sheng , Wang Xinghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCellular metabolism is essentially linked to tissue remodeling and organ regeneration. MOGS, a gene that encodes cellular metabolism-related protein mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase, was found to be upregulated in nerve segments after peripheral nerve injury. Bioinformatic analyses identified upstream regulators of MOGS and MOGS-associated genes and indicated the significant involvement of cellular metabolism in peripheral nerve regeneration. Functional assessment showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of MOGS led to elevated proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Schwann cells, indicating the negative regulation of MOGS on Schwann cell plasticity. Schwann cells transfected with MOGS siRNA also showed lower expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), demonstrating that dysregulated MOGS in Schwann cells may affect neuronal behavior through the metabolic coupling between Schwann cells and axons. Taken together, this study demonstrated that MOGS may be a key regulating factor of Schwann cells and neuronal phenotype during peripheral nerve regeneration.