bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of poverty trends to dimensionality and distribution sensitivity in poverty measures—District level analysis for Pakistan
Authors: Najam Zaira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA key feature of recent poverty measurement in many developing countries is the transition from conventional (money metric) approaches to multi‐dimensional approaches. This change in the poverty measurement raises the question of whether the same poverty trends are apparent under the conventional and the multidimensional approaches. To answer this question I used six household‐level surveys for Pakistan fielded between 2004 and 2015. The analysis considers trends at the national, provincial, and district level with a particular focus on the variability in trends due to distribution sensitivity and insensitivity in poverty measures. The district‐level trend analysis leads to the results that the multidimensional measures show a smoother fall in national poverty rates while the conventional measures show rising poverty up until 2008 and then a sharper fall. Almost two‐thirds of all districts show opposite trends in poverty, if conventional rather than multidimensional measures are used, in at least two of the five inter‐survey spells, irrespective of whether distribution‐sensitivity is considered or not. Thus, apparent poverty trends are sensitive to the measurement approach used. Hence, when measurement methods evolve, policy analysts should be cautious in the conclusions they draw from poverty estimates.
Radiating the prostate bed in relapsed oligometastatic prostate cancer: How comprehensive should we be?
Authors: Cao Yilin , Song Daniel Y. , Deville Curtiland , DeWeese Theodore L. , Greco Stephen , Tran Phuoc T. , Deek Matthew P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeA subset of patients with high‐risk pathological features at radical prostatectomy recur with oligometastatic disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of prostate bed recurrence, with or without history of prostate bed irradiation (PBRT), in oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) patients after metastasis‐directed therapy (MDT).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of hormone‐sensitive OMPC patients treated initially with curative‐intent radical prostatectomy followed by disease recurrence and metastasis‐directed stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) at our institution. Prostate bed recurrence rates were compared between patients who had PBRT at any point (i.e., before oligometastatic diagnosis or concurrently with MDT) versus those with no history of PBRT.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were included, and 68.8% had received PBRT. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between those who had received and had not received PBRT. There were five prostate bed recurrences following MDT, specifically with a 24‐month cumulative incidence of 30.4% in patients who did not have PBRT and 2.4% in those who did (p = 0.03). Three of the five recurrences were isolated to the prostate bed at time of recurrence.ConclusionsRelapsed oligometastatic prostate cancer patients who have not received maximal local consolidative therapy to the prostate bed may have higher rates of local failure. Prospective studies are warranted investigating when prostate bed irradiation should be considered for patients after radical prostatectomy who ultimately have oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Applying multispectral UAV imagery to delineate in and near stream cover along a small urban stream
Authors: Sessanna Riley , Iavorivska Lidiia , Kelleher Christa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional remote sensing methods are rarely applied to headwater streams because of a mismatch in spatial scale. With improved technology, remote sensing using unoccupied aerial vehicles enables imagery to be collected at high spatial and temporal resolution. However, these innovations have been used less frequently to detect changes within the water column. In addition, it is unclear whether classification methods developed along a single reach can be transferred through space (to other reaches) and through time, or how much information is needed to perform such classifications. This study combines methods of remote sensing, image processing, and machine learning to classify land cover and submerged aquatic vegetation along four urban stream reaches (170–325 m). A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was developed to provide land and water cover classification maps using training data. This method proved to be robust when classifying land cover along a single reach with minimal training data required. Using 200 pixels per land cover class resulted in 100% classification confidence for more than 93% of the pixels; when reducing this to only 50 pixels per land cover class, LDA yielded 100% classification confidence for nearly 80% of the total pixels. Through attempts to transfer relationships across reaches and flight dates, we found a greater percentage of misclassified pixels (upwards of 45% misclassification for flights on one date) when classifying across reaches on a single date as opposed to classification along a single reach for multiple dates. Overall, we recommend passive optical approaches, like the one used here, consider lighting conditions, reach orientation, and shading in data acquisition planning to mitigate the uncertainty they may introduce in delineating water column quality and cover.
Platelet‐rich plasma exhibits anti‐inflammatory effect and attenuates cardiomyocyte damage by reducing NF‐κB and enhancing VEGF expression in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity model
Authors: Yadav Shubham , Srivastava Shriyansh , Singh Gaaminepreet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the cardioprotective effects of activated platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on high dose isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity. ISO was injected at a dose of 85 mg/kg/day, s.c. for 2 days. Cardiac function parameters including dp/dt max/min, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), relaxation constant (tau) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, anti‐oxidant and membrane bound enzymes assays, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels, collagen content, immunohistochemical staining/gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cTnI (cardiac troponin I), NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa B), Smad‐2/3, TGF‐β (transforming growth factor), collagen‐1/3 proteins were evaluated. PRP and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) were injected intramyocardially (200 μl in each ventricle region) 3 h after first dose of ISO under anesthesia. ISO injection induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, necrosis due to decline in anti‐oxidant capacity, enhanced NF‐κB and reduced cTnI immunostaining. However, the PRP injection attenuated these cardiac pathological changes by exerting anti‐inflammatory properties and promoting cardiomyocyte repair.
Use of niobium oxide nanoparticles as nanofillers in PVP/PVA blends to enhance UV–visible absorption, opto‐linear, and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Ali H. Elhosiny , Sayed M. A. , Algarni H. , Khairy Yasmin , Abdel‐Aziz M. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransition metal oxide (TMO)—filled polymer films have numerous applications, including electromagnetic shielding and nonlinear optical devices. Nb2O5‐filled polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend was prepared using a solution casting process. Pristine and nanocomposite films from these blends were studied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of nanocomposites via interfacial interactions between the polymer chains and Nb2O5 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles influence the amorphous nature and transparency of the PVA/PVP blends. The improvement of Dopt (optical density) becomes particularly obvious in blended polymer films with considerable Nb2O5‐nanofiller concentrations. By increasing the weight percentage of Nb2O5, the probability of producing additional levels in the bandgap increased. The optical absorption coefficient of each nanocomposite film was less than 106 m−1, indicating indirect electron transfer. Thus, the indirect optical band‐gap declined from 3.9 to 1.9 eV as calculated from Tauc's and the absorption spectral fitting (ASF) formula. Additionally, the effects of Nb2O5 on the extinction coefficient, refractive index, high‐frequency (ε∞), and static‐frequency (εo) dielectrics have been reported. The nonlinear refractive index and optical susceptibilities (x1 and x3) were enhanced by increasing the Nb2O5 content in the blend. The penetration depth (δ) and optical limiting (OL) properties were also investigated. The developed nanocomposite materials could be used for advanced technology‐based devices such as reflective coatings, opto‐linear, and nonlinear optoelectronic applications.
Dietary lutein supplementation improves immunity and antioxidant status of captive Indian leopards (Panthera fusca)
Authors: Durge Sharad M. , Das Asit , Saha Subodh K. , Pande Amit , Thakuria Dimpal , Saxena Ankur , Bhardvaj Yogesh , Verma Ashok K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndian leopards kept in zoos are fed solely on carabeef on bone (CBB) diets. Carabeef contains lesser or no carotenoids. Hence, the captive Indian leopard diets are suspected to be deficient in carotenoids while their wild counterparts acquire these pigments from their natural prey. Lutein is a vital carotenoid that plays its role as an antioxidant and immunomodulator. This experiment investigates the effect of lutein supplementation on antioxidant status, immunity, and stress in captive Panthera fusca fed CBB diets. Nine leopards were used based on 3 × 3 replicated Latin square designs in the experiment. Groups CON, LUT20, and LUT40 were supplemented with 0, 20, and 40 ppm of lutein, respectively. Each experiment comprised of 10 days of wash‐out period, 11 days of adaptation, and 4 days of collection. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) was higher (p < .01) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of protein, globulin, urea (p < .05), total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) index were higher (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum concentration of immunoglobulin were higher (p < .001) in group LUT20. Serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and fecal concentration of cortisol decreased (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of total immunoglobulin (µg/ml) and LTT were higher in group LUT20. Fecal concentration of cortisol (ng/g) was lower in LUT20 and LUT40. The study concludes that supplementation of lutein at 20 ppm would improve antioxidant status and immunity and alleviate stress in captive Indian leopards.
The International Childbirth Initiative: An Applied Anthropologist’s Account of Developing Global Guidelines
Authors: Davis-Floyd Robbie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes my personal experiences as an applied anthropologist serving as the lead editor in the development of a set of international guidelines focused on improving quality of maternity care: theInternational Childbirth Initiative (ICI): 12 Steps to Safe and Respectful MotherBaby-Family Maternity Care(2018). The ICI’s purpose is to encourage global awareness and local implementation of the MotherBaby-Family Model of Care. This is a model based on women’s rights and humane, respectful, family-centered care. The ICI’s creation story is continuous with global movements to improve the quality of maternity care and with a deep history of birth activism by practitioners, public health advocates, and social scientists aimed at decreasing unnecessary medical intervention in childbirth. This narrative is widely relevant for understanding how to develop and implement global guidelines that can flexibly adapt to local contexts. The ICI was developed by the merging of the 2015FIGO Guidelines to Mother-Baby Friendly Birthing Facilitieswith the pre-existingInternational MotherBaby Childbirth Initiative(IMBCI) in an intense and rewarding group process. The chapter discusses factors that contributed to the successful development of clear global guidelines for high-quality maternity care. These include attention to process, alignment with key values of the women’s health and midwifery movements, multilevel collaboration and networking around a clear vision, garnering input from many people with diverse voices and perspectives, and patience with and commitment to the tasks at hand.
The Promise and Neglect of Follow-up Care in Obstetric Fistula Treatment in Uganda
Authors: Ruder Bonnie , Emasu Alice 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsidered the most severe of maternal morbidities, obstetric fistula is a debilitating childbirth injury that results in complete incontinence with severe physical and psychosocial consequences.The primary intervention for women with obstetric fistula is surgical repair, and success rates for repair are reported between 80% and 97%. However, successful treatment is commonly defined solely by the closure of the fistula defect and often fails to capture women who continue to experience urinary incontinence after repair. Residual incontinence post-fistula repair is both underreported and under-examined in the literature. Through a novel mixed-method study that examined clinical, quantitative, and qualitative aspects of residual incontinence post-repair, this chapter draws on in-depth interviews with women suffering with residual incontinence and fistula surgeons, participant observation, and a desk review of fistula policies and guidelines to argue that an inadequate model of fistula treatment that neglects follow-up care exists. We found that obstetric fistula policy has been determined in large part over the years by international development agencies and funding organizations, such as international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). We argue that the neglect in follow-up care is evident in fistula policy and can be traced to a donor-funded treatment model that fails to prioritize and fund follow-up care as an essential component of fistula treatment, instead focusing on a “narrative of success” in fistula treatment. As a result, poor outcomes are underreported and women who experience poor outcomes are largely erased from the fistula narrative. This erasure has limited the attention, resources, research, and dedicated to residual incontinence, leaving out women suffering from residual incontinence largely without alternative treatment options.
The Domestication of Misoprostol for Abortion in Burkina Faso: Interactions Between Caregivers, Drug Vendors and Women
Authors: Drabo Seydou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMisoprostol has been hailed as a revolution within global maternal health research and policy communities because of its potential to reduce maternal mortality from post-partum haemorrhage and unsafe abortion, allowing relatively safe abortion in legal and illegal settings. However, we know little about how women who want to use misoprostol access it to induce abortion. Based on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, this chapter describes and analyses how women gain access to misoprostol to induce abortion within a setting where induced abortion is legally restrictive and where the legal use of misoprostol is limited to post-abortion care and post-partum haemorrhage. The findings show that women seeking abortions in Ouagadougou are able to access misoprostol through unofficial channels, specifically through health workers and drug vendors. While this unofficial use of misoprostol is relatively safer, and more affordable than other options, access is not equally distributed and the cost women pay for the drug varies significantly. While women with strong social networks and financial resources can access misoprostol easily, other women who do not have money to buy misoprostol may become victims of sexual violence from men from whom they seek abortion services. In Ouagadougou, access to abortion with misoprostol is shaped by health workers and the social and economic conditions of the women who seek it. The study uses the concepts of ‘pharmaceutical diversion’ and ‘domestication’ as adjacent analytical frameworks to emphasize the changing pattern of access to misoprostol. The chapter introduces the importance of looking at safe access to safe abortion.
Regulating Midwives: Foreclosing Alternatives in the Policymaking Process in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Magrath Priscilla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPromotion of “skilled birth attendants” (SBAs) in global maternal health policy has prompted a range of policy responses to “traditional birth attendants” (TBAs). In Indonesia the response has been to develop a national policy of partnership between SBAs (bidan) and TBAs (dukun bayi). This policy aims to ensure the presence of an SBA at every birth yet offers a role for TBAs. In this chapter I examine the development of a district regulation on partnership, promoted within the context of decentralization policies enacted in Indonesia from 1999. The district regulation aimed to strengthen the national policy in a location in West Java where TBAs remain popular. Drawing on 10 months of fieldwork from 2012 to 2013 at a district health office and on observations of its outreach programs, I elucidate how the regulation on partnership was promoted through the policy entrepreneurship of certain key figures in the district health office. They argued that the partnership regulation was the fastest means to improve maternal health. But casting a spotlight on the relationship between SBAs and TBAs diverted attention away from other health system challenges including under-resourced medical facilities and a weak referral system. Three contexts played into this process of bringing the partnership issue to the fore: global policies promoting SBAs and sidelining TBAs; pressure to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) on maternal mortality; and the limited financial power and decision space afforded to districts under decentralization in Indonesia. In this context, the regulation offered a viable path for demonstrating commitment to improving maternal health outcomes, yet one that failed to address broader constraints in the health system that contribute to persistent high maternal mortality rates.
Ambidextrous light transforms for celestial amplitudes
Authors: Sharma Atul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow multiplicity celestial amplitudes of gluons and gravitons tend to be distributional in the celestial coordinatesz,$$ \overline{z} $$z¯. We provide a new systematic remedy to this situation by studying celestial amplitudes in a basis of light transformed boost eigenstates. Motivated by a novel equivalence between light transforms and Witten’s half-Fourier transforms to twistor space, we light transform every positive helicity state in the coordinatezand every negative helicity state in$$ \overline{z} $$z¯. With examples, we show that this “ambidextrous” prescription beautifully recasts two- and three-point celestial amplitudes in terms of standard conformally covariant structures. These are used to extract examples of celestial OPE for light transformed operators. We also study such amplitudes at higher multiplicity by constructing the Grassmannian representation of tree-level gluon celestial amplitudes as well as their light transforms. The formulae forn-point Nk−2MHV amplitudes take the form of Euler-type integrals over regions in Gr(k, n) cut out by positive energy constraints.
Four-dimensional noncommutative deformations of U(1) gauge theory and L∞ bootstrap.
Authors: Kurkov Maxim , Vitale Patrizia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We construct a family of four-dimensional noncommutative deformations of U(1) gauge theory following a general scheme, recently proposed in JHEP 08 (2020) 041 for a class of coordinate-dependent noncommutative algebras. This class includes the $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(2), the $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(1, 1) and the angular (or λ-Minkowski) noncommutative structures. We find that the presence of a fourth, commutative coordinate x0 leads to substantial novelties in the expression for the deformed field strength with respect to the corresponding three-dimensional case. The constructed field theoretical models are Poisson gauge theories, which correspond to the semi-classical limit of fully noncommutative gauge theories. Our expressions for the deformed gauge transformations, the deformed field strength and the deformed classical action exhibit flat commutative limits and they are exact in the sense that all orders in the deformation parameter are present. We review the connection of the formalism with the L∞ bootstrap and with symplectic embeddings, and derive the L∞-algebra, which underlies our model.
Multi-soliton dynamics of anti-self-dual gauge fields
Authors: Hamanaka Masashi , Huang Shan-Chi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study dynamics of multi-soliton solutions of anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations forG= GL(2,ℂ) in four-dimensional spaces. The one-soliton solution can be interpreted as a codimension-one soliton in four-dimensional spaces because the principal peak of action density localizes on a three-dimensional hyperplane. We call it the soliton wall. We prove that in the asymptotic region, then-soliton solution possessesnisolated localized lumps of action density, and interpret it asnintersecting soliton walls. More precisely, each action density lump is essentially the same as a soliton wall because it preserves its shape and “velocity” except for a position shift of principal peak in the scattering process. The position shift results from the nonlinear interactions of the multi-solitons and is called the phase shift. We calculate the phase shift factors explicitly and find that the action densities can be real-valued in three kind of signatures. Finally, we show that the gauge group can beG= SU(2) in the Ultrahyperbolic space 𝕌 (the split signature (+,+, −, −)). This implies that the intersecting soliton walls could be realized in all region in N=2 string theories. It is remarkable that quasideterminants dramatically simplify the calculations and proofs.
Invariant vector means and complementability of Banach spaces in their second duals
Authors: Łukasik Radosław 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet X be a Banach space. Fix a torsion-free commutative and cancellative semigroup S whose torsion-free rank is the same as the density of $$X^{**}$$

X

∗

∗

. We then show that X is complemented in $$X^{**}$$

X

∗

∗

if and only if there exists an invariant mean $$M:\ell _\infty (S,X)\rightarrow X$$

M
:

ℓ
∞

(
S
,
X
)

→
X

. This improves upon previous results due to Bustos Domecq (J Math Anal Appl 275(2):512–520, 2002), Kania (J Math Anal Appl 445:797–802, 2017), Goucher and Kania (Studia Math 260:91–101, 2021).