bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A available-flow neural network for solving the dynamic groundwater network maximum flow problem
Authors: Zhang Baowen , Huang Wei , Zhao Fengnian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The normal operation of infrastructure networks such as groundwater networks maintains people's life and work. Therefore, it is of great significance to estimate the residual flow when these networks are damaged to evaluate their anti-risk ability. This paper abstracts these problems as the damage-network time-varying maximum flow problem (DTMFP), where the arc capacity in the network is set as a time-varying function. Since the water network is subject to electric-driven periodic changes, and the network damage is defined by some arcs or nodes in the network doesn't work at all. Although the existing maximum flow algorithms such as Cai-Sha can solve the time-varying maximum flow problem, the uncertainty of the network topology that suffers from random damage makes it difficult for the existing maximum flow algorithms to solve such problems. The uncertainty of network topology which suffer random damage makes such problems difficult to solve by existing maximum flow algorithms. Therefore, the key to solve DTMFPs is to find the topology of damaged network. In this paper, we propose an available flow neural network (AFNN) algorithm for solving DTMFPs. The idea of the AFNN algorithm is to determine the network topology through the back-information neural networks (BINN) algorithm at first, then obtain the residual maximum flow through the single-path neural networks (SPNN) algorithm. In the BINN algorithm, the departure node is continuously activated for a given time period and sends waves along the network to the destination node. The wave contains arcs which can be activated. The Utah channel impact response wireless sensor network, American north marin water district network and New York road network are used to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed AFNN algorithm.
Modeling and Investigation of Rear-Passivated Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cell
Authors: Boukortt Nour , Patanè Salvatore , Adouane Mabrouk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use numerical simulations to investigate ultrathin Cu (In1-xGax) Se2 solar cells. In the first part, we focus on the cell configuration in which the PV parameters fit and match the fabricated cell characteristics. Our goal is to investigate the impact of different loss mechanisms such as interface trap density (Dit) and absorber trap density (Nt) in different cell pitch sizes on cell performance. Dit defines the amount of carrier’s traps at CIGS/Al2O3 interface to recombine with photogenerated carriers. Nt defines the amount of carrier traps in the absorber layer. It has been found that the recombination via traps is the major loss mechanism in the investigated cell. Further numerical investigations quantify significant improvements in cell performance for different cell pitch sizes, absorber doping densities, Ga content, and graded bandgap at a fixed opening width in the Al2O3 layer. Consequently, for tandem configuration, the optimized single u-CIGS cell has been used as a top cell with a PERT silicon cell which aroused this recent decade as a promising strategy to achieve maximum efficiencies. The results from these simulations provide insights for ultrathin film CIGS solar cell optimization.
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety Of Endoxifen In The Treatment Of Acute Bipolar Mania: A Case Report
Authors: CHAKLADAR ABHISHEK , KUMAR NAND , VERMA ROHIT , BRAR MANMEET KAUR 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers as mono or combination therapy are first-line agents in the treatment of the manic phase of bipolar I disorder. Endoxifen a potent inhibitor of the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, is efficacious in the control of acute bipolar mania, at doses of 8 mg, for a period of 3-weeks. However, there is a dearth of data about the long-term use of endoxifen. Here we describe a case of acute bipolar mania not able to tolerate clozapine therapy, efficaciously controlled with long-term use (9-weeks) of endoxifen 8 mg, without any adverse effects, along with complete remission of manic symptoms.
Vulnerability assessment of irrigation water requirement to climate change at Governorates level, Egypt
Authors: Ads Abdelhamid , Pingale Santosh M. , Khare Deepak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The agricultural division is the highest consumer of water in Egypt, and it is facing crop yield reduction due to climate change. Irrigation technologies are a highly recommended adaptation option to meet the proposed change. Egypt`s financial resources allocated to climate change adaptation plans are limited. Therefore, determining the most vulnerable governorate in terms of Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) to climate change is essential. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of IWR to climate change at the governorate level. Reference evapotranspiration and precipitation change were selected for exposure factors, sensitivity factors, soil type, and economic value of irrigation water. Finally, we identified education, poverty, and organizational capacity for adaptive capacity factors. Six climate model data were used under the shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) for the period (2040–2060). The results showed nine governorates (Al Minya, Asyut, Shamal Sina, Suhaj, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Isma`iliyah, Ash Sharqiyah, and Bani Suwayf) with the highest and high vulnerability degrees found in the country's middle and north region. Four governorates (Ad Daqahliyah, Aswan, Al Gharbiyah, Bur Sa`id) have the lowest vulnerability degree under the climate change scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP370), and one governorate (Aswan) has the lowest vulnerability degree under the SSP585 scenario. The study results help the decision-makers choose the best adaptation plans and support adapting effective mitigation strategies.
Prognostic effect of radiotherapy on different colorectal cancer histological subtypes and tumor sites
Authors: Yao Nan , Xu Guoshuai , Li Wenqiang , Dou Ruixue , Duan Ning , Shi Wenzai , Yu Guoyong , Qu Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The effect of radiotherapy (RT) may differ according to colorectal cancer (CRC) histological subtypes including adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SR). This study analyzed the prognosis of three pathological CRC types and focused on RT's prognostic significance on three CRC histological subtypes.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (n=54,174), MC (n=3,813), and SR (n=664) in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010–2017) were evaluated. Cox regression models and competitive risk models were built to assess the effect of RT on the risk of CRC-associated death.
Results: Compared with adenocarcinoma patients, SR patients were associated with a 1.28-fold (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.16-1.42) risk of death. In the site-specific analyses, adenocarcinoma patients who received RT exhibited an increased risk of death (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15). RT did not show any prognostic influence for MC patients (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77-1.21). In SR patients. RT could reduce the risk of death (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.95). After taking competing risk events (non-CRC-related death) into consideration. The results remained unchanged.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that SR patients exhibited a worse OS (overall survival) than adenocarcinoma patients, and the effect of RT varied according to CRC histological subtypes.
An improved Dissipative Particle Dynamics Method for the Liquid-Particle Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels
Authors: Dong Hua , Wu Xu , Fan Liang-Liang , Zhao Liang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Liquid-particle two-phase flow in microchannels is widely applicable in the microfluidic fields. The standard dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method has been previously employed to study the liquid-particle two-phase flow in microchannels. However, the standard method cannot accurately simulate the real two-phase flow in microchannel. In the present study, by changing the energy unit and fitting the characteristic curve between the random force coefficient and the Schmidt number, the value of the Schmidt number is modified to be 355, which can be used to accurately simulate the flow process of the real fluid. In addition, a new logarithmic relationship between the conservative force coefficient and the radius of the particle is established. The simulation results of the particle migration are in good agreement with the Matas theory with an error of 1.5%. The improved DPD method would be of great help for the microfluidic applications and the research on the mechanism of multiphase flow in micro scale.
Analysis of serum reproductive hormones and ovarian genes in pubertal female goats
Authors: Zhu Yanyun , Ye Jing , Qin Ping , Yan Xu , Gong Xinbao , Li Xiaoqian , Liu Ya , Li Yunsheng , Yu Tong , Zhang Yunhai , Ling Yinghui , Wang Juhua , Cao Hongguo , Fang Fugui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Age at puberty is an important factor affecting goat fertility, with endocrine and genetic factors playing a crucial role in the onset of puberty. To better understand the mechanisms underlying puberty onset in goats, reproductive hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–multiple reaction monitoring–multistage/mass spectrometry, and RNA sequencing was performed to analyze ovarian genes.
Results
Serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisone, and cortisol levels were found to be higher but progesterone were lower in pubertal goats as compared to those in prepubertal goats (P < 0.05). A total of 18,139 genes were identified in cDNA libraries, and 75 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (|log2 fold change| ≥ 1, P ≤ 0.05), of which 32 were significantly up- and 43 were down-regulated in pubertal goats. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in “metabolic process,” “signaling,” “reproduction,” and “growth.” Further, DEGs were significantly enriched in 91 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including estrogen signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and cAMP signaling pathway. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PRLR and THBS1 were highly expressed in pubertal ovaries, and ZP3, ZP4, and ASTL showed low expression, suggesting their involvement in follicular development and lutealization.
Conclusions
To summarize, our results indicated that reproductive hormones and ovarian DEGs play an essential role in regulating puberty in goats. Further studies are warranted to comprehensively explore the functions of DEGs in goat puberty.
Body modifications in borderline personality disorder patients: prevalence rates, link with non-suicidal self-injuries, and related psychopathology
Authors: Blay Martin , Hasler Roland , Nicastro Rosetta , Pham Eléonore , Weibel Sébastien , Debbané Martin , Perroud Nader 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a potentially severe personality disorder, characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation and control of behaviors. It is often associated with non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI). Borderline personality features have also been linked to body modifications (BMs). However, the prevalence of BMs, the link between BMs and NSSI, and between BMs and several psychopathology dimensions (e.g. borderline severity, emotion regulation, impulsivity …) remains understudied in patients with BPD. This study aims to fill this gap, and to provide further evidence on the link between NSSI and BMs.
Methods
We used data from a psychiatric outpatient center located in Switzerland (n = 116), specialized in the assessment and treatment of BPD patients. Patients underwent several semi-structured interviews and self-report psychometric scales at the arrival, and the data were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
We found that 70.69% of the patients had one piercing or more, and 69.83% were tattooed. The total score of body modifications and the total number of piercings score of piercings were significantly positively associated with NSSI and the SCID BPD total score. The association with the SCID score was mainly driven by the “suicide and self-damaging behaviors” item and the “chronic feeling of emptiness” item. A significant association was found between total number of piercings and emotion dysregulation. On the other hand, the self-reported percentage of body covered by tattoos score was specifically associated with the sensation seeking subscale of the UPPS-P.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence on the prevalence of BMs in BPD patients, and on the link between BMs and NSSI in this population, suggesting a role of emotion regulation in the link between both constructs. These results also suggests that tattoos and piercings may be differentially linked to specific underlying psychological mechanisms. This calls for further considerations of body modifications in the assessment and care of BPD patients.
Medicinal plant-derived mtDNA via nanovesicles induces the cGAS-STING pathway to remold tumor-associated macrophages for tumor regression
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Xiang Jiaxin , Jin Cuiyuan , Ye Lusha , Gao Yanan , Lv Nianyin , Zhang Junfeng , You Fuping , Qiao Hongzhi , Shi Liyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been proposed as a major mechanism for inter-kingdom interaction and communication, but the effector components enclosed and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The plant Artemisia annua, known for its anti-malaria properties, exhibits a wide range of biological activities including the immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties with the mechanisms to be further addressed. Here, we isolated and purified the exosome-like particles from Artemisia annua, and characterized them as nano-scaled and membrane-bound, which were therefore termed artemisia-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs). Remarkably, the vesicles displayed a potential to inhibit tumor growth and boost anti-tumor immunity, primarily through remolding tumor microenvironment and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). More importantly, we identified plant-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), upon internalized into TAMs via the vesicles, as a major effector mechanism to induce the cGAS-STING pathway driving the shift of pro-tumor macrophages to anti-tumor phenotype. Furthermore, our data showed that administration of ADNVs greatly improved the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitor, a prototypic immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), in a murine lung cancer model. Together, the present study, for the first time, to our knowledge, unravels an inter-kingdom interaction wherein medical plant-derived mtDNA, via the nanovesicles, induces the immunostimulatory signaling in mammal immune cells for resetting anti-tumor immunity.
The Role of Impaired Receptor Trafficking in Mediating the Pathological Effects of ApoE4 in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Safieh Mirna , Liraz Ori , Ovadia Maayan , Michaelson Danny 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several studies suggest that the binding of apoE4 to its receptors (i.e., apoER2 and LRP-1) is associated with the internalization of the receptors and their accumulation in intracellular compartments. Importantly, this phenomenon also occurs with other, non-apoE, receptors.
These observations lead to the hypothesis that the pathological effects of apoE4 are mediated by impairment in the life cycle and intracellular compartmentation of distinct receptors which belong to various systems. Thus, the present study examines the effects of APOE -genotype on the levels and compartmentation of membranal receptors including apoE receptors (apoER2 and LRP-1) and growth-factor receptors (InsulinR and VEGFR).
Methods: Primary mouse neurons were prepared from either apoE3 or apoE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice or apoE-KO mice. The neurons were then evaluated for levels of the LRP-1, apoER2, VEGFR and InsulinR utilizing immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, external surface membranal levels of those receptors was evaluated via cell surface Biotinylation assay and ELISA. The extend of colocalization of the receptors with intracellular compartments was assessed by double labeling and confocal microscopy, followed by M1 colocalization analysis. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to knock out LRP-1 and apoER2 and study their role in mediating the effects of apoE4 on the receptors.
Results: Comparisons of the receptors’ levels in apoE4 and apoE3 primary neuronal cultures, revealed that apoE4 is associated with lower levels of the four receptors, specifically in the external membrane. Additionally, apoE4 affects the intracellular localization of these receptors in two main patterns: the first pattern was observed with LRP-1 and was associated with decreased receptor levels in numerous intracellular compartments. The second pattern, which was obtained with the other three receptors, was associated with their accumulation in early endosomes with a parallel decrease of their levels in the late endosomes.
Conclusion: These results show that apoE4 drives the down regulation, and affects the intracellular trafficking of apoE and growth factor receptors. This provide a unifying mechanism via which apoE4 induces a wide range of pathological phenotypes seen in Alzheimer’s disease.
Solitary Lung Nodule: Ct Guided Transthoracic Biopsy Vs Transbronchial Biopsy With Endobronchial Ultrasound and Flexible Bronchoscope, a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ho An Thi Nhat , Gorthi Ramya , Lee Robert , Chawla Mohit , Patolia Setu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Transbronchial lung biopsy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS-TBB) and Computed tomography (CT) scan guided transthoracic biopsy (CT-TTB) are commonly used to investigate peripheral lung nodules but high quality data is still not clear about the diagnostic and safety profile comparison of these two modalities.
Method
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing rEBUS-TBB with a flexible bronchoscope and CT-TTB for solitary lung nodules. Two reviewers extracted data independently on diagnostic performance and complication rates.
Results
170 studies were screened, 4 RCT with total of 325 patients were included. CT-TTB had a higher diagnostic yield than rEBUS-TBB (83.45% vs 68.82%, risk difference − 0.15, 95% CI, [-0.24,-0.05]), especially for lesion size 1–2 cm (83% vs 50%, risk difference − 0.33, 95% CI, [-0.51,-0.14]). For malignant diseases, rEBUS-TBB had a combined diagnostic yield of 75.75% vs 87.7% of CT-TTB. rEBUS-TBB had a significant better safety profile with lower risk of pneumothorax (2.87% vs 21.43%, OR = 0.12, 95% CI [0.05–0.32]) and combined outcomes of hospital admission, hemorrhage and pneumothorax (8.62% vs 31.81%, OR 0.21, 95% CI, [0.11–0.40]). Factors increasing diagnostic yield of rEBUS were lesion size and localization of the probe but not the distance to the chest wall, hilum nor probe localizing adjacent to the lesion.
Conclusion
CT-TTB has a higher diagnostic yield than rEBUS-TBB in diagnosing peripheral lung nodules, particularly for lesions from 1 cm to 2 cm. However, rEBUS-TBB is significantly safer with five to eight times less risk of pneumothorax and composite complications of hospital admission, hemorrhage and pneumothorax.
Electrical Impedance Tomography – Image Reconstruction using Population-based Optimisation Algorithms
Authors: Khan Talha Ali , Ling SAI HO , Rizvi Arslan A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preventing living tissues' direct exposure to ionising radiation has resulted in tremendous growth in medical imaging and e-health, enhancing intensive care of perilous patients and helping to improve quality of life. Moreover, the practice of image-reconstruction instruments that utilise ionising radiation significantly impacts the patient's health. Prolonged or frequent exposure to ionising radiation is linked to several illnesses like cancer. These factors urged the advancement of non-invasive approaches, for instance, Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), a portable, non-invasive, low-cost, and safe imaging method. EIT image reconstruction still demands more exploitation, as it is an inverse and ill-conditioned problem. Numerous numerical techniques are used to answer this problem without producing anatomically unpredictable outcomes. Evolutionary Computational techniques can be used as substitutes for the conventional methods that usually create low-resolution blurry images. EIT reconstruction techniques optimise the relative error of reconstruction using population-based optimisation methods presented in this work. Three advanced optimisation methods have been developed to facilitate the iterative procedure for avoiding anatomically erratic solutions. Three different optimising techniques, namely, a) Advanced Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm (APSO), b) Advanced Gravitational Search Algorithm (AGSA), and c) Hybrid Gravitational Search Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (HGSPSO), are used. By utilising the advantages of these proposed techniques, the performance in terms of convergence and solution stability is improved. EIT images were obtained from the EIDORS library database for two case studies. The image reconstruction was optimised using the three proposed algorithms. EIDORS library was used for generating and solving forward and reverse problems. Two case studies were undertaken, i.e. circular tank simulation and gastric emptying. The results thus obtained are analysed and presented as a real-world application of population-based optimisation methods. Results obtained from the proposed methods are quantitatively assessed with ground truth images using the relative mean squared error, confirming that a low error value is reached in the results. HGSPSO algorithm has superior performance compared to the other proposed methods in terms of solution quality and stability.
The Failure of Instant Runoff to Accomplish the Purpose for Which it was Adopted: A Case Study from Burlington Vermont
Authors: Bristow-Johnson Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Instant-Runoff Voting (IRV) has been marketed to “guarantee that the majority candidate is elected,” to “eliminate the spoiler effect,” and to empower voters, particularly those supporting third-party or independent candidates, to “vote your hopes, not your fears,” which is meant to level the playing field between such candidates and those from the major-party duopoly. This paper shows that in Burlington Vermont, IRV objectively failed to deliver on these promises. However, this failure is not blamed on the use of ranked ballots, but rather on the Hare method of tallying the ballots and identifying the winner. The paper proposes a revision in the method to eliminate the failure, including a template for possible legislative language.