bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a physiological profile to document upper limb motor impairment in ageing and in neurological conditions
Authors: Ingram Lewis A. , Butler Annie A. , Lord Stephen R. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProfiling performance in the physiological domains underpinning upper limb function (such as strength, sensation, coordination) provides insight into an individual's specific impairments. This compliments the traditional medical ‘diagnosis’ model that is currently used in contemporary medicine. From an initial battery of 13 tests in which data were collected across the adult lifespan (n = 367, 20–95 years) and in those with neurological conditions (specifically, multiple sclerosis (n = 40), Parkinson's disease (n = 34), and stroke (n = 50)), six tests were selected to comprise a core upper limb physiological profile assessment (PPA). This comprised measures of handgrip strength, simple reaction time, finger dexterity, tactile sensation, bimanual coordination, and a functional task. Individual performance in each of these tests can be compared to a reference population score (devised from our database of healthy individuals aged under 60 years), informing the researcher or clinician how to best direct an intervention or treatment for the individual based on their specific impairment(s). Lastly, a composite score calculated from the average performance across the six tests provides a broad overview of an individual's overall upper limb function. Collectively, the upper limb PPA highlights specific impairments that are prevalent within distinct pathologies and reveals the magnitude of upper limb motor impairment specific to each condition.
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Matching generalised transverse-momentum-dependent distributions onto generalised parton distributions at one loop
Authors: Bertone Valerio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe operator definition of generalised transverse momentum-dependent (GTMD) distributions is exploited to compute for the first time the full set of one-loop corrections to the off-forward matching functions. These functions allow one to obtain GTMDs in the perturbative regime in terms of generalised parton distributions (GPDs). In the unpolarised case, non-perturbative corrections can be incorporated using recent determinations of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions. Evolution effects for GTMDs closely follow those for TMDs and can thus be easily accounted for up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. As a by-product, the relevant one-loop anomalous dimensions are derived, confirming previous results. As a practical application, numerical results for a specific kind of GTMD are presented, highlighting some salient features.
Phenomenology of the companion-axion model: photon couplings
Authors: Chen Zhe , Kobakhidze Archil , O’Hare Ciaran A. J. , Picker Zachary S. C. , Pierobon Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the phenomenology of the ‘companion-axion model’ consisting of two coupled QCD axions. The second axion is required to rescue the Peccei–Quinn solution to the strong-CP problem from the effects of colored gravitational instantons. We investigate here the combined phenomenology of axion–axion and axion–photon interactions, recasting present and future single-axion bounds onto the companion-axion parameter space. Most remarkably, we predict that future axion searches with haloscopes and helioscopes may well discover two QCD axions, perhaps even within the same experiment.
Resistance to ATR Inhibitors Is Mediated by Loss of the Nonsense-Mediated Decay Factor UPF2
Authors: O'Leary Patrick C. , Chen Huadong , Doruk Yagmur U. , Williamson Tess , Polacco Benjamin , McNeal Andrew S. , Shenoy Tanushree , Kale Nupura , Carnevale Julia , Stevenson Erica , Quigley David A. , Chou Jonathan , Feng Felix Y. , Swaney Danielle L. , Krogan Nevan J. , Kim Minkyu , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Ashworth Alan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver one million cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed each year globally, and the metastatic disease continues to have a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of gastric tumors have defects in the DNA damage response pathway, creating therapeutic opportunities through synthetic lethal approaches. Several small-molecule inhibitors of ATR, a key regulator of the DNA damage response, are now in clinical development as targeted agents for gastric cancer. Here, we performed a large-scale CRISPR interference screen to discover genetic determinants of response and resistance to ATR inhibitors (ATRi) in gastric cancer cells. Among the top hits identified as mediators of ATRi response were UPF2 and other components of the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. Loss of UPF2 caused ATRi resistance across multiple gastric cancer cell lines. Global proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and transcriptional profiling experiments revealed that cell-cycle progression and DNA damage responses were altered in UPF2-mutant cells. Further studies demonstrated that UPF2-depleted cells failed to accumulate in G1 following treatment with ATRi. UPF2 loss also reduced transcription–replication collisions, which has previously been associated with ATRi response, thereby suggesting a possible mechanism of resistance. Our results uncover a novel role for NMD factors in modulating response to ATRi in gastric cancer, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism of resistance that may inform the clinical use of these drugs.Significance:Loss of NMD proteins promotes resistance to ATR inhibitors in gastric cancer cells, which may provide a combination of therapeutic targets and biomarkers to improve the clinical utility of these drugs.
SMG8/SMG9 Heterodimer Loss Modulates SMG1 Kinase to Drive ATR Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Llorca-Cardenosa Marta J. , Aronson Lauren I. , Krastev Dragomir B. , Nieminuszczy Jadwiga , Alexander John , Song Feifei , Dylewska Malgorzata , Broderick Ronan , Brough Rachel , Zimmermann Astrid , Zenke Frank T. , Gurel Bora , Riisnaes Ruth , Ferreira Ana , Roumeliotis Theodoros , Choudhary Jyoti , Pettitt Stephen J. , de Bono Johann , Cervantes Andres , Haider Syed , Niedzwiedz Wojciech , Lord Christopher J. , Chong Irene Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Gastric cancer represents the third leading cause of global cancer mortality and an area of unmet clinical need. Drugs that target the DNA damage response, including ATR inhibitors (ATRi), have been proposed as novel targeted agents in gastric cancer. Here, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of ATRi in preclinical models of gastric cancer and to understand how ATRi resistance might emerge as a means to identify predictors of ATRi response. A positive selection genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified candidate regulators of ATRi resistance in gastric cancer. Loss-of-function mutations in either SMG8 or SMG9 caused ATRi resistance by an SMG1-mediated mechanism. Although ATRi still impaired ATR/CHK1 signaling in SMG8/9-defective cells, other characteristic responses to ATRi exposure were not seen, such as changes in ATM/CHK2, γH2AX, phospho-RPA, or 53BP1 status or changes in the proportions of cells in S- or G2–M-phases of the cell cycle. Transcription/replication conflicts (TRC) elicited by ATRi exposure are a likely cause of ATRi sensitivity, and SMG8/9-defective cells exhibited a reduced level of ATRi-induced TRCs, which could contribute to ATRi resistance. These observations suggest ATRi elicits antitumor efficacy in gastric cancer but that drug resistance could emerge via alterations in the SMG8/9/1 pathway.

Significance:
These findings reveal how cancer cells acquire resistance to ATRi and identify pathways that could be targeted to enhance the overall effectiveness of these inhibitors.
Association Between Daily Average of Mobility Achieved During Physical Therapy Sessions and Hospital-Acquired or Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Qi Wei , Murphy Terrence E. , Doyle Margaret M. , Ferrante Lauren E. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias (HAP and VAP) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Immobility is a risk factor for developing ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). Early mobilization is associated with improved physical function, but its association with hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAP) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during physical therapy (PT) and incidence of HAP or VAP among critically ill patients. Materials and Methods In a retrospective cohort study of progressive mobility program participants in the medical ICU, we used a validated method to abstract new diagnoses of HAP and VAP. We captured scores on a mobility scale achieved during each inpatient physical therapy session and used a Bayesian, discrete time-to-event model to evaluate the association between daily average of highest level of mobility achieved and occurrence of HAP or VAP. Results The primary outcome of HAP/VAP occurred in 55 (26.8%) of the 205 participants. Each increase in the daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during PT (0-6 mobility scale) exhibited a protective association with occurrence of HAP or VAP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.61; 95% CI 0.44, 0.85). Age, baseline ambulatory status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and previous day's mechanical ventilation (MV) status were not significantly associated with the occurrence of HAP/VAP. Conclusions Among critically ill patients in a progressive mobility program, a higher daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during PT was associated with a decreased risk of HAP or VAP.
Censure et consensus dans le cinéma de l’après-guerre : La genèse parallèle d’Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950)
Authors: Morgan Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Résumé Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950), deux fictions situées dans des centres de rééducation pour jeunes femmes, ont une histoire liée. Fondées sur le même fait divers, produites en même temps, elles font l'objet de tractations complexes lorsqu'elles sont soumises à la censure. Le film de Duvivier, dont le rapport au réel est ambigu, finit par échapper à une réécriture, alors que Maurice Cloche accepte de travailler de près avec le ministère de la Justice et finit par réaliser un film réaliste reproduisant le discours officiel des autorités. Pourtant, les deux œuvres présentent la rééducation en internat d'une manière trompeuse et contraire aux reportages sur lesquels elles sont fondés. En examinant la genèse parallèle des deux films, cet article réexamine le rôle des négociations et de la propagande dans la construction du cinéma « consensuel » français de l'après-guerre.
Evaluation of Orbitomalar Region Projection in Patients With Operated Cleft Lip and Palate (Cephalometric Study)
Authors: Şibar Serhat , Doruk Mert , Gülşen Ayşe , Özdemir Alihan , Tosun Gülce , Üçüncü Neslihan 
Published: October 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the orbitomalar region projection in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with skeletal class 1 cases. Design Retrospective. Setting Single center. Patients Cephalometric data of 52 cases with unilateral CLP, 25 cases with bilateral CLP, and 60 healthy participants in skeletal class 1 without CLP were included. Main Outcome Measure(s) A total of 5 parameters, 3 in the orbital and 2 in the suborbital region, that determine the projection of the orbitomalar region on lateral cephalograms, and 13 parameters of the craniofacial region were evaluated. Results Lateral, inferior, and anterior orbital parameters were similar between groups, while suborbital parameters were in a retrusive position in the CLP groups compared to the control group ( P < .05). No significant difference was found between the CLP groups in terms of suborbital parameters. A moderate positive correlation was found between orbitomalar parameters and the anteroposterior positions of the maxilla and mandible. The lateral orbital region had a moderate negative correlation with anterior maxillary height, and the suborbital region had a negative moderate correlation with maxillary inclination. Conclusion Suborbital projection was more retrusive in CLP compared to the control group, but no difference was found between the CLP groups. On the other hand, the correlation between orbitomalar projection and maxillary and mandibular development was significant. The results show that there is a need for alternative treatment modalities for the suborbital region in patients with CLP.
Evaluation of the Nasopalatine Canal of Patients With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in CBCT Exams
Authors: Lopes Ivna Albano , Chicrala Gabriela Moura , Soares Mariana Quirino Silveira , Capelozza Ana Lúcia Alvares 
Published: October 2022

Objective To identify and compare the morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) of individuals with and without cleft lip and palate using Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and to relate the results to the type of cleft and tooth absences in the region. Setting This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with a retrospective sample. Patients, Participants 100 CBCT exams from patients with cleft lip and palate and 100 CBCT exams from patients without cleft lip and palate were used. Interventions The NPC was evaluated for its morphology and measurements in the coronal, sagittal, and axial reformatting of CBCT exams. Results It was obtained as a result that in the group of patients with a cleft, the shapes of funnel, banana, and needle of the NPC were more frequent than in the control group. Patients with cleft lip and palate had significantly a larger nasopalatine foramen and a larger NPC diameter, besides a significantly shorter NPC, compared to controls. In both groups, edentulous patients had less anterior maxillary bone thickness, when compared to patients with maxillary anterior teeth. Patients with clefts had a bone thickness buccal to the NPC less than in the control group. Conclusions This study confirms the anatomical variability of NPC in patients with cleft lip and palate. This finding reinforces the need for thorough surgical planning of the anterior region of the maxilla, in CBCT exams, by the dentist.
Toric trans-scleral plugs IOL to correct aphakia with significant corneal astigmatism
Authors: de Angelis Lorenzo , Barca Francesco , Vicini Giulio , Giansanti Fabrizio , Rizzo Stanislao , Caporossi Tomaso 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To describe the use of toric trans-plugs IOL to correct aphakia with significant corneal astigmatism. Methods Case report and literature review. Results A 62-year-old man with an history of aphakia in his left eye after a traumatic cataract extraction and significant corneal astigmatism was referred to our clinic. Surgery plan was cataract remnants removal and secondary IOL implantation of toric sutureless trans-scleral plugs fixated IOL (FIL SSF, Soleko, Italy). The postoperative course was uneventful. At 12 months, the IOL was well-centered and the optic alignment remained stable with minimal total astigmatism. The e uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/25 Snellen while correct distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/20 with a manifest refraction of −0.25–50 40° D; the patient was satisfied by the visual outcome. Conclusion This novel toric trans-scleral plug fixated lens provides valuable outcomes also for astigmatic correction for a comprehensive correction of the aphakia in patients with poor zonular support and high expectations for postoperative visual quality
Evaluation of warm compresses and topical cyclosporine treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction by confocal scanning laser microscopy
Authors: Iaccheri Barbara , Torroni Giovanni , Cerquaglia Alessio , Messina Marco , Tucci Davide , Fruttini Daniela , Cagini Carlo , Fiore Tito 
Published: October 2022

Purpose The aim of our study is to confirm the utility of warm compresses (WC) and artificial tears (AT) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) management and to understand if its association with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) improves outcomes. Methods Patients with diagnosis of MGD-related dry eye were evaluated. In this prospective, randomized, double-masked study, patients were randomized in two treatments: AT plus WC (group A), and AT plus WC plus CsA 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (group B). At baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed, and tear evaluation (BUT, Schirmer and osmolarity test), ocular surface evaluation (fluorescein and lissamine green staining), clinical (Shimazaki grading) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) evaluation of rete ridges (RRs) were performed. Results A total of 40 eyes, 20 in each group, completed the study. Analysis of OSDI, tear test, ocular surface evaluation and clinical grading of MG showed significant improvement at 6 months, whereas no difference was found between the two groups at 6 months. The analysis of IVCM showed significant improvement in both groups, but significantly better results in group B were found compared to group A at 6 months. Conclusion WC performed 3 times daily during the 1st month and once daily afterwards, in addition to AT, were useful to manage the obstruction of MG and related signs and symptoms. Additional effects of CsA were visible in IVCM only at 6 months. IVCM is an effective tool to monitor treatments in MGD.
Quantitative vascular outgrowth and anatomic and refractive outcomes of eyes treated with bevacizumab in posterior zone Ⅰ
Authors: Bayramoglu Sadik Etka , Sayin Nihat 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To report the anatomic and refractive outcomes and retinal vascular outgrowth in eyes with posterior zone Ⅰ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Methods Thirty-eight eyes of 21 infants treated with IVB for type 1 and aggressive-ROP, and whose posterior border of retinal vascularization was shorter than the optic disc-to-fovea distance were defined as posterior zone Ⅰ and included in the study. Results Nine eyes of five infants whose follow-up time was lower than four months were accepted as insufficient for clinical outcomes. Additional treatment(s) had been performed up to 60 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in 10 of 29 eyes whose follow-up were higher than four months. Macula was attached at the final examination in all eyes with > 4 months follow-up. Anatomical outcome of two eyes of one infant was accepted as unfavorable whose routine follow-up was interrupted after successful initial treatment and who was presented with straightening of the temporal vascular arcade and residual fibrovascular tractional bands on the temporal periphery. The mean progression of temporal retinal vascularization was 3.6 ± 2.0 horizontal disc diameters (DD) within 7.3 weeks and 5.1 ± 2.5 horizontal DD within 69.1 weeks in the short-term (n=15) and long-term evaluated eyes (n=21), respectively. The mean spherical equivalent was −4.1 diopters at a mean age of 21 months (n=28). Conclusions A favorable outcome had been achieved in almost all bevacizumab-treated eyes, but additional treatments were required. Significant progression of retinal vascularization was detected even in the eyes with short follow-up.
Analysis of higher-order aberrations in relation to the clinical outcome of an enhanced monofocal IOL
Authors: Steinmüller Lucas Nicola , Greve Daria , Rua Amaro David , Bertelmann Eckart , von Sonnleithner Christoph 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To analyse higher-order aberrations of an enhanced monofocal aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) in relation to the clinical outcome compared to a monofocal aspheric IOL. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Design Prospective, monocentric, controlled, non-randomized, two-armed study Methods After phacoemulsification, a total of 30 patients (60 eyes) were bilaterally implanted with either TECNIS Eyhance IOL model ICB00 (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc.) or TECNIS Monofocal 1-Piece IOL model ZCB00 (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc.) in 30 eyes each. Assessments were performed 1 and 3 months after surgery including refraction, uncorrected and best-corrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, defocus curves, contrast sensitivities under photopic, mesopic and mesopic conditions with glare, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) at pupil sizes of 5, 4, 3 and 2 mm and patient satisfaction. Results At 3-month follow-up, measurements of HOAs revealed significant higher negative internal and ocular primary spherical aberrations in the ICB00 group at pupil sizes of 5, 4, 3 and 2 mm. The ICB00 showed significant better results in intermediate and near visual acuity, but no difference in distance visual acuity. No significant difference was found in contrast sensitivities at any condition or spatial frequency. Spectacle independence was significant better without significant higher rates of dysphotopsia in the ICB00 group. Conclusions Higher negative spherical aberrations in the ICB00 group at all measured pupil sizes appear to lead to a superior clinical outcome in intermediate and near vision compared to the ZCB00 group without compromising contrast sensitivity or distance visual acuity.
Ethical challenges in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic healthcare institution in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kaur Sharon , Tan Kiak Min Mark , Ng Shu Hui , Ng Chirk Jenn 
Published: October 2022

Background Healthcare professionals (HCPs) face a myriad of ethical challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is limited literature examining the ethical challenges faced by HCPs in low- and medium-income countries. The research was designed to explore the ethical challenges experienced by HCPs in a Malaysian hospital setting during the pandemic. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted via video calls with 10 Malaysian HCPs across different clinical disciplines involved in managing patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infections. The calls were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked. Thematic analysis with constant comparison across transcripts was carried out to identify categories and themes. Results Three main themes emerged. Firstly, there was deprioritisation of care for non-COVID-19 patients resulting from resource limitations. HCPs raised concerns that there was curtailed access to various healthcare services by non-COVID-19 patients. There was also a trade-off between protecting individual patient safety and public health interests. Secondly, patients were disempowered from decision-making; the decision to segregate suspected COVID-19 patients to high-risk areas without seeking patients’ approval may result in an increased risk of infection. Lastly, HCPs expressed internal conflicts when balancing the professional duty of care against concerns about contracting COVID-19 and spreading it to their family members. Conclusion The study highlighted ethical issues faced by HCPs in Malaysia during the pandemic. It underscores the need for clinical ethics consultation services in hospitals to navigate the various ethical dilemmas.