bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Impact of Indoor Relative Humidity on the Infection Risk of Five Respiratory Airborne Viruses
Authors: Aganovic Amar , Bi Yang , Cao Guangyu , Kurnitski Jarek , Wargocki Pawel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With a modified version of the Wells-Riley model, we simulated the size distribution and dynamics of five airborne viruses (measles, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, human rhinovirus, and adenovirus) emitted from a speaking person in a typical residential setting over a relative humidity (RH) range of 20 to 80 % and air temperature of 20-25 °C. Besides the size transformation of virus-containing droplets due to evaporation, respiratory absorption and then removal by gravitational settling, the modified model also considered the removal mechanism by ventilation. The trend and magnitude of RH impact depended on the respiratory virus. For rhinovirus and adenovirus humidifying the indoor air from 20/30 % to 50 % will be increasing the relative infection risk, however, this relative infection risk increase will be negligible for rhinovirus and weak for adenovirus. Humidification will have a potential benefit in decreasing the infection risk only for influenza when there is a large infection risk decrease for humidifying from 20 % to 50 %. Regardless of the dry solution composition, humidification will overall increase the infection risk via long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Compared to humidification at a constant ventilation rate, increasing the ventilation rate to moderate levels 0.5 → 2.0 h−1 will have a more beneficial to infection risk decrease for all viruses except for influenza. Increasing the ventilation rate from low values of 0.5 h−1 to higher levels of 6 h−1 will have the dominating effect on reducing the infection risk regardless of virus type.
Midlife Body Mass Index, Central Adiposity and Neuropsychological Performance Over 10 Years in Women with and Without HIV Infection
Authors: Vásquez Elizabeth , Kuniholm Mark H. , Appleton Allison A. , Rubin Leah H. , Adimora Ada A. , Fischl Margaret A. , Fox Ervin , Moran Caitlin A. , Plankey Michael W. , Sharma Anjali , Tien Phyllis C. , Weber Kathleen M. , Gustafson Deborah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective Overweight and obesity influence cognitive health, and measured during midlife, may be associated with declining neuropsychological performance (NP) and late-onset dementia in older adults. Few studies have considered these associations in women living with HIV (WLWH). We examined associations cross-sectionally and up to 10 years longitudinally between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and NP in middle-aged WLWH and women without HIV (HIV-).Methods.BMI and WC were measured in 432 virologically-suppressed WLWH and 367 HIV- women, >40 years, who participated in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and with NP assessments every two years from 2009-2019. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory, and motor function. Multivariable linear regression models stratified by HIV serostatus were used to examine cross-sectional associations of BMI and WC with each NP domain; repeated measures analyses assessed baseline BMI and WC in association with longitudinal change in NP. Results were outputted as beta-coefficients (b) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Covariates included sociodemographic, behavioral, and HIV-related characteristics.ResultsAt baseline, obese WLWH (BMI>30.0 kg/m2) had poorer executive function (β=-2.27, 95%CI [-4.46, -0.07], p=0.043) compared to normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Longitudinally over ~8 years follow-up, obese versus overweight WLWH improved on learning (β=1.88, 95%CI [0.24, 3.51], p=0.025).Among HIV- women, an overweight versus normal BMI was associated with declining memory (β=-3.13, 95%CI [-5.75, -0.51], p=0.019); however, obese versus overweight HIV- women improved on memory (β=2.47, 95%CI [0.47, 4.46], p=0.015). Among HIV- women, increasing WC was associated with decreasing executive (β=-0.07, 95%CI [-0.11, -0.02], p=0.058), processing speed (β=-0.05, 95%CI [-0.10, -0.01], p=0.044), and motor (β=-0.05, 95%CI [-0.10, -0.01], p=0.033) performance during follow-up.ConclusionsCross-sectional and longitudinal associations of BMI and central adiposity and NP were mixed among WLWH and HIV- women during midlife. However, HIV- women may experience greater NP decline in association with higher adiposity compared to WLWH.
Measurement of radon concentration in water within Ojo axis of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Mostafa Mostafa , Olaoye M A , Ademola A K , Jegede O A , Saka A A , Khalaf Hyam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Radon (Radon-222) in water is one of the daily health hazard problems. Therefore, continue check of radon contamination in different types of water is essential.in the present work, sixteen groundwater and surface-water samples (wells, boreholes, and sachets) were collected from six different locations within Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria. The water samples collected were stored in 75 cl bottles which were already sterilized with distilled water to avoid contamination. Water samples were then taken to the laboratory for analysis of radon using RAD-7, an active electronic device produced by the Durridge Company in the USA. Results: The radon level in water is higher than the safer limits of 11 Bq/l as per EPA regulations except one site of the six under study. The total annual effective doses from ingestion and inhalation for drinking and ground water is upper than the safe limit of 0.1mSv y-1 recommended by WHO and EU council. Conclusions: The obtained results promote the development and/or the update of databases of radon levels in drinking and ground water in Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria.
Elemental characterization of tar by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence of the three most consumed cigarettes brands in Peru
Authors: Rivera V. A. G. , Cheme Carlos Giovanni Molinari , C. Diego A. Flores 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO),85% of deaths from lung cancer were attributable to tobacco use in 2018 (WHO, 2020). However, this data is from the European region and there is a lack of studies related in developing countries such as Peru. In this frame, we employed the nuclear technique of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) in order to analyzed 3 of the most consumed brands of cigarettes in Peru were analyzed. To do so, an artificial experiment array was carried out to simulate the human lungs of not only an active but a passive smoker as well. With these results, this research was able to find the elemental chemical composition of the tar that it is impregnated to the lungs of the consumer for each brand and give a glance about the presence of the most harmful of elements.
Acceptability of an Alcohol-Based Handrub Gel with Superfatting Agents Among Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Study
Authors: Peters Alexandra , Carry Jennifer , Cave Charlotte , Sauser Julien , Pittet Didier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Healthcare workers often experience skin dryness and irritation from performing hand hygiene frequently. Low acceptability and tolerability of a formulation are barriers to hand hygiene compliance, though little research has been conducted on what specific types of formulation have higher acceptability than others.
Objective
To compare the acceptability and tolerability of an ethanol-based ABHR gel with superfatting agents to the isopropanol-based formulations (a rub and a gel formulation) currently used by healthcare workers at the University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Methods
Forty-two participants were randomized to two sequences, testing the isopropanol-based formulation that they are using currently (Hopirub® or Hopigel®), and the ethanol-based formulation containing superfatting agents (Saniswiss Sanitizer Hands H1). Participants tested each of the formulations over 7–10 day work shifts, after which skin condition was assessed and feedback was collected.
Results
H1 scored significantly better than the control formulations for skin dryness (P = 0.0209), and participants felt less discomfort in their hands when using that formulation (P = 0.0448). H1 caused less skin dryness than Hopirub®/Hopigel® (P = 0.021. Though overall preference was quite polarized, 21 participants preferred H1 intervention formulation and 17 preferred the Hopirub®/Hopigel® formulation that they normally used in their care activities.
Conclusion
We observed a difference in acceptability and strongly polarized preferences among the participants' reactions to the formulations tested. These results indicate that giving healthcare workers a choice between different high-quality products is important to ensure maximum acceptability.
Enhanced Anxiolytic and Analgesic Effectiveness and/or a Better Safety Profile of Morphine and Tramadol Combination in Cholestatic and Addicted Mice
Authors: Khakpai Fatemeh , Issazadeh Yasaman , Rezaei Niloofar , Zarrindast Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The involvement of the opioidergic system on anxiolytic and anti-nociceptive responses induced by cholestasis was investigated in cholestatic and addicted mice. Elevated plus-maze and tail-flick devices were used to assess anxiety and pain levels, respectively. The data indicated that induction of cholestasis and injection of opioid drugs including morphine and tramadol enhanced %OAT and %OAE but naloxone reduced %OAT and %OAE in the sham-operated and bile duct ligated (BDL) mice. Induction of cholestasis and addiction to morphine and tramadol prolonged tail-flick latency which was reversed by naloxone. Co-administration of morphine and tramadol enhanced anxiolytic and analgesic effects in the sham-operated and BDL mice. It seems (i) cholestasis and addiction affect anxiety and pain behaviors, (ii) µ-opioid receptors play a key role in anxiolytic and analgesic effects induced by cholestasis, (iii) co-treatment with morphine and tramadol augmented the effectiveness of them for induction of anxiolytic and analgesic effects both in cholestatic and addicted mice.
Effects of carboxylated nanodiamonds on macrophages during and after differentiation
Authors: Hani Maisoun Bani , Beebe Stephen , Stacey Michael , Osgood Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nanodiamonds (ND) have attracted significant interest for use in several biomedical applications. These applications can be very useful if safety and compatibility of ND have been proved. Results: We assessed the effects of ND (100 nm, Carboxylated) on primary macrophages and a macrophage-like cell line and found that these particles are not toxic to these cells at the lower concentrations, but they may interfere with cell’s functions and differentiation. Internalization of ND by these cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner were mostly via phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis and localized to the cytoplasm but not into the nucleus. No significant induction of inflammatory cytokines and no reduction in the ability of these cells to respond to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were noted. However, the endocytic activity of these cells was significantly reduced. In addition, ND exposure reduced the ability of differentiating bone marrow cells to express macrophage surface markers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ND are not cytotoxic to macrophages at the tested concentrations, but they can interfere with macrophage functions and differentiation.
Adolescent Motherhood and Negative Birth Outcomes, Stunting and Social Determinants: Secondary Analysis of Turkish National Data 2018
Authors: Akpinar Ceren Varer , Teneler Asli Ata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of the negative birth outcomes and the stunting under the age of five in children of adolescent and non-adolescent mothers, also to determine the relation of sociodemographic factors based on the national data of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). Methods: This cross-sectional study includes secondary analysis of the TDHS 2018. The logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the differences in term low birthweight and stunting rates of children based on adolescent motherhood and sociodemographic factors. Analysis was carried out on a sample of 2755 women aged 15-49 years who gave a live birth in 5 years. In this context, 2,638 women with child birthweight and birth week data and 2,102 women with child height data were included. Results: Adolescent ratio of the mothers in the study group is 6.8%. Term low birth as a negative birth outcome and stunting as an indicator of chronic malnutrition were significantly higher in children of adolescent mothers compared to children of non-adolescent mothers (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, it was found that being an uneducated mother (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22, 2.50), being very poor/poor (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.44, 3.02) and living in the east (AOR 1.39 95% CI 1.44, 3.02) increase the risk of delivering a term low birthweight baby. The risk of being stunted is 2.22 times more (95% CI 1.47, 3.50) in the very poor/poor welfare status, 2.86 times more (95% CI 1.90, 4.30) in child born with low birthweight. Conclusions: Utilizing a large sample from TDHS, our findings emphasize the necessity of planning of maternal and child health service by considering the education levels of women, income inequalities and even regional inequalities while defining the risk factors related to adolescent pregnancy. These results further support the idea of the macro environmental factors have a remarkable impact on the mother and child health.
Brain functional connectivity alterations associated with neuropsychological post-COVID syndrome
Authors: Voruz Philippe , Cionca Alexandre , Jacot Isabele , Nuber-Champier Anthony , Allali Gilles , Benzakour Lamyae , Lalive Patrice , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Braillard Olivia , Nehme Mayssam , Coen Matteo , Serratrice Jacques , Reny Jean-Luc , Pugin Jérôme , Guessous Idris , Ptak Radek , Landis Basile , Adler Dan , Griffa Alessandra , De Ville Dimitri Van , Assal Frederic , Péron Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neuropsychological deficits and brain damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood.
110 patients, with either severe, moderate or mild disease in the acute phase underwent neuropsychological and olfactory tests, as well as completed psychiatric and respiratory questionnaires at 223 ± 42 days post-infection. Additionally, a subgroup of 50 patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Patients in the severe group displayed poorer verbal episodic memory performances, and moderate patients had reduced mental flexibility. Neuroimaging revealed patterns of hypo and hyper functional connectivity in severe patients, while only hyperconnectivity patterns were observed for moderate. The default mode, somatosensory, dorsal attention and cerebellar networks were implicated. Partial least squares correlations analysis confirmed specific association between memory performances and brain functional connectivity.
The severity of the infection in the acute phase is a predictor of neuropsychological post-COVID syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes long-term memory and executive dysfunctions, related to largescale functional brain connectivity alterations.
Anthelmintic Efficacy of Mango Seed Extract on Porcine Gastrointestinal Nematodes
Authors: Reyno Sentina Rhea Tolentino , Gonzaga Loveille Jun Amarille , Gonzaga Elsa Amarille 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: The usual control for gastrointestinal parasites is the use of commercial anthelmintics. However, parasites are becoming more resistant due to the frequent and inappropriate use of these anthelmintics. As a result, alternatives for these anthelmintics are becoming increasingly widespread for deworming livestock, particularly those that come from natural sources. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mango seed extract in reducing the egg per gram counts of common gastrointestinal nematodes in pigs and compare the efficacy with that of levamisole. Results: Naturally-infected pigs served as experimental animals and were given a single dose of the mango seed extract at concentrations of 600, 700, and 800 mg per kg bodyweight. The extracts, regardless of concentration, was able to decrease the epg counts. Within 14 days post-treatment, there was no significant difference in the efficacies in the administration of 800 mg extract per kg bodyweight and levamisole. This comparable efficacies was sustained until 28 days post-treatment. This significant in vivo anthelmintic activity may be attributed to the tannins and flavonoids present in the extract. These results indicate that the mango seed extract is effective in controlling and reducing the gastrointestinal nematodes in pigs and may have the potential to be further developed as an anthelmintic.
Lake Evaporation Mitigation Using Self-Assembled Films: Case Study Of Chitgar Lake
Authors: Nejatian Amir , Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Doulabi Malihe , zad Azam Iraji , Tajrishy Massoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evaporation is a significant outflow in water bodies and is the only outflow in man-made Chitgar Lake. It is estimated to be more than 2 million cubic meters annually. In order to mitigate this outflow, we investigated different kinds of self-assembled thickness films. They consist of six different combinations of stearyl and cetyl alcohols with additives including jojoba oil, stearic acid, and calcium hydroxide. The study has been done from July to August with two pairs of class A evaporation pans; one pair semi-floated on Chitgar lake water and another one located on the shore. The experimental results showed that a monolayer contained 3:1 stearyl to cetyl alcohols with 60% weight of calcium hydroxide had the best performance and could reduce evaporation up to 50% during its 3 days’ lifetime. The study indicated that the films had no significant side effects on lake water pH, turbidity, and total suspended solids except slight increase in water surface temperature.
Log-Linear model and Multistate Model to Assess the Rate of Fibrosis in NAFLD Patients
Authors: Attia Iman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, the deleterious effects of obesity, type 2diabetes and insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic hypertension on the rate of progression of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are illustrated using a new approach utilizing the Poisson regression to model the transition rate matrix. The observed counts in the transition counts matrix are used as response variables and the covariates are the risk factors for fatty liver. Then the estimated counts from running the Poisson regression are used to estimate the transition rates using the continuous time Markov chains (CTMCs) followed by exponentiation of the estimated rate matrix to obtain the transition probability matrix at specific time points. A depicted, hypothetical, observational, prospective longitudinal study of 150 participants followed up every year for a total of 28 years recording their demographic characteristics and their timeline follow up are demonstrated. The findings revealed that insulin resistance expressed by MOMA-IR 2 had the most deleterious effects among other factors for increasing the rate of forward progression of patients from state 1 to state 2 as well as from state 2 to state 3 and from state 3 to state 4. The higher the level of HOMA-IR is, the more rapid the rate of progression is. This analysis helps the health policy makers and medical insurance managers to allocate the financial and human resources for investigating and treating high risk patients for NAFLD. In addition, this analysis can be used by pharmaceutical companies to conduct longitudinal studies to assess the effectiveness of the newly emerging anti-fibrotic drugs.
Creating Research-Ready Partnerships: The Initial Development of Seven Implementation Laboratories to Advance Cancer Control
Authors: Kruse Gina R , Hale Erica , Bekelman Justin E. , DeVoe Jennifer E. , Gold Rachel , Hannon Peggy A. , Houston Thomas K. , James Aimee S. , Johnson Ashley , Klesges Lisa M. , Nederveld Andrea L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Implementation laboratories include partnerships between scientists and stakeholders in ‘real-world’ settings working to implement evidence-based interventions. In 2019–2020, with National Cancer Institute funding, seven implementation laboratories (I-Labs) were developed within the Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) consortium. An ISC3 working group was formed with representation from each of these seven centers to share learnings from the I-Labs. Our objective is to describe the initial development and variations across these I-Labs.
Methods
In April-June 2021, members of the ISC3 Implementation Laboratories workgroup interviewed laboratory key informants. The cross-sectional study used semi-structured interviews with each I-Lab to describe their membership, engagement methods, data sources, and dissemination tools. Interview notes were analyzed by generating descriptions of each I-Lab covering common themes and important variations.
Results
All seven laboratories purposefully included settings serving and partnering with communities of color, diverse ethnicities, rural populations, individuals without health insurance, living in poverty, facing adverse social determinants of health, disparate digital access, and/or structural bias. Laboratories most commonly engaged their members in identification of research priorities, study planning, and results dissemination. I-Labs in which members used common electronic health records (EHRs) leveraged these as a data source. I-Labs without a shared EHR among partners relied on other sources for research or surveillance, most commonly qualitative data, surveys, and public health data systems in their respective areas. All seven I-Labs used advisory boards to engage with members and six used stakeholder interviews and regular communications. Most engagement tools (70.0%) were pre-existing. Think tanks, which two I-Labs reported developing, represented novel engagement tools. To disseminate laboratory findings, all centers used web-based products and most (n = 6) used publications, learning collaboratives, and community forums. Important variation emerged in the I-Lab’s approaches to health equity, ranging from partnering with members serving underserved populations to the development of novel methods.
Conclusions
The development of the ISC3 implementation laboratories offers the opportunity to advance understanding of how research partnerships are built to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the cancer control research lifecycle. In future years, we will be able to share lessons learned for the development and sustainment of implementation laboratories.