bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Preservatives on Insulin in Postmortem Blood: Application to a Case of Insulin Aspart Suicide
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Macoin Elisa , Raul Jean-Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®, NovoMix®, Novolog® and Fiasp®) is a fast-acting analog of human insulin, indicated in the treatment of type I and II diabetes. It is administered before meals to mimic the physiological insulin secretion that follows a rise in blood glucose. Its misuse for the purposes of suicide and murder and in the context of factitious order has often been described. In forensic medicine, the identification of insulin in biological samples has always been complex. In this paper, we present a case of suicide of a 64-year-old man who died after the injection of insulin aspart. He was suffering from terminal lung cancer and left a letter explaining the reasons for his suicide. Four empty NovoRapid® pens were found near the body. Body examination was unremarkable, and the femoral blood was collected in two dry Vacutainer™ tubes (red cap) and two sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes (gray cap). A liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to identify and discriminate insulin aspart from human insulin after immunopurification in the blood samples and in the pens. Blood specimens tested positive for insulin aspart with the concentrations of 36 and 37 ng/mL in dry tubes and 58 and 71 ng/mL in tubes containing NaF when tested ∼3 weeks after the collection of the specimens. The contents of the pens also matched with insulin aspart. The stability of insulin in blood is a critical point in the interpretation of the concentrations due to their rapid decrease caused by the activity of proteases in blood. During a degradation study implemented to compare three preservatives and dry tubes, suitable insulin aspart stability was observed with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid and NaF. Given that NaF is standard in forensic toxicology for measuring blood alcohol concentrations, the authors suggest its use for blood collection when insulin intoxication is suspected.
Firearm Suicide Prevention in the U.S. Military: Recommendations From a National Summit
Authors: Betz Marian E , Stanley Ian H , Anestis Michael D , Bryan Craig J , Buck-Atkinson Jessica , Carey Neil , Ghahramanlou-Holloway Marjan , Morrissey Brooke Heintz , Holloway Kathryn , Houtsma Claire , Kennedy Rachel , Paine Christopher M , Ramchand Rajeev , Simonetti Joseph , Walsh Adam , Wright-Kelly Erin 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The U.S. DoD has identified firearm suicide prevention as a key operational priority. One vital approach to addressing firearm suicides is through promoting lethal means safety, which involves the voluntary use of secure storage for personally owned firearms and/or temporarily moving firearms out of the home during risk periods. Despite promising approaches to lethal means safety, critical gaps remain in research, programming, and communication among and across scientists, DoD programmatic leaders, front-line commanders, and service members. To address these gaps, the first-ever national “Firearm Suicide Prevention in the Military: Messaging and Interventions Summit” was convened in June 2022, bringing together DoD personnel and researchers with expertise in firearm suicide prevention and lethal means safety. The Summit identified 10 recommendations to enhance firearm suicide prevention messaging and interventions in the U.S. military, including (1) repeal or amend prohibitions on questioning service members about personal firearms; (2) develop, examine, and use common language for firearm injury prevention; (3) implement a universal approach to training on comprehensive firearm injury prevention; (4) encourage leadership across disciplines and levels; (5) aim for broad culture change; (6) support innovative research; (7) consider various outcome measures; (8) promote “cultural competence” for better communication; (9) reduce territorialism; and (10) develop creative partnerships. Ultimately, these recommendations can facilitate productive partnerships with a shared goal: to develop, test, and implement strategies that standardize lethal means safety and reduce firearm suicides and other firearm injuries or harm among service members.
A comprehensive review on graphene-based materials as biosensors for cancer detection
Authors: Alsharabi Rim M , Rai Suyash , Mohammed Hamed Y , Farea Maamon A , Srinivasan Sesha , Saxena Preeti S , Srivastava Anchal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, cancer is increasingly becoming one of the foremost threats to human being life worldwide, and diagnosing this deadly disease is one of the major priorities of researchers. Described as a monolayer-thin-sheet of hexagonally patterned carbon atoms, ‘graphene’ is considered an innovative evergreen carbon material ideal for a wide array of sensing applications and nanotechnologies. Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have acquired a huge share of interest in the scope of biosensor fabrication for early and accurate cancer diagnosis. Herein, we have insights reviewed the various routes and technologies for synthesized graphene, and GBMs including 3D graphene (i.e. hydrogels, foams, sponges and porous) and 0D graphene (i.e. quantum dots). Moreover, we have introduced the different types of graphene/GBMs biosensors (i.e. electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, field-effect transistors biosensors, electrochemiluminescence biosensors and microfluidics biosensors) and their merits and applications for cancer pre-stage detection.
Tomato MED25 regulates fruit ripening by interacting with EIN3-like transcription factors
Authors: Deng Lei , Yang Tianxia , Li Qian , Chang Zeqian , Sun Chuanlong , Jiang Hongling , Meng Xianwen , Huang Tingting , Li Chang-Bao , Zhong Silin , Li Chuanyou 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fruit ripening relies on the precise spatiotemporal control of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent gene transcription, and the evolutionarily conserved Mediator (MED) coactivator complex plays an essential role in this process. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a model climacteric fruit, ripening is tightly coordinated by ethylene and several key transcription factors. However, the mechanism underlying the transmission of context-specific regulatory signals from these ripening-related transcription factors to the Pol II transcription machinery remains unknown. Here, we report the mechanistic function of MED25, a subunit of the plant Mediator transcriptional coactivator complex, in controlling the ethylene-mediated transcriptional program during fruit ripening. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that MED25 physically interacts with the master transcription factors of the ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3)/EIN3-LIKE (EIL) family, thereby playing an essential role in pre-initiation complex formation during ethylene-induced gene transcription. We also show that MED25 forms a transcriptional module with EIL1 to regulate the expression of ripening-related regulatory as well as structural genes through promoter binding. Furthermore, the EIL1–MED25 module orchestrates both positive and negative feedback transcriptional circuits, along with its downstream regulators, to fine-tune ethylene homeostasis during fruit ripening.
Cataract surgery in myopic eyes
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Salim Sarwat 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
We discuss the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations for cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia. We also reviewed the recent literature on refractive outcomes and complications of cataract surgery in myopic eyes.

Recent findings
Several novel intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas have recently been developed to optimize refractive outcomes. Haigis formula is the most accurate among the third-generation IOL formulas. Novel formulas such as Barrett Universal II, Kane, and modified Wang-Koch adjustment for Holladay I formula provide a better refractive prediction compared with old formulas. Intraoperatively, the chopping technique is preferred to minimize pressure on weak zonules and reduce the incidence of posterior capsule rupture. Anterior capsular polishing is recommended to reduce the risk of postoperative capsular contraction syndrome (CCS). Postoperatively, complications such as refractive surprises, intraocular pressure spikes, and CCS remain higher in myopic eyes. Only 63% of myopic patients with axial length more than 26 mm achieve a visual acuity at least 20/40 after cataract surgery, mainly because of coexisting ocular comorbidities.

Summary
There are multiple preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations when performing cataract surgery in myopic eyes. Further research is needed to optimize the refractive outcomes in these eyes and determine the best IOL formula. Surgeons should be adept and knowledgeable with different techniques to manage intraoperative complications.
Hemoglobin Levels Among Male Agricultural Workers
Authors: Lin Yuzhou , Heng Siyu , Anand Shuchi , Deshpande Sameer K. , Small Dylan S. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveEstimate agricultural work's effect on hemoglobin (Hgb) level in men. A negative effect may indicate presence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology.MethodsWe use Demographic and Health Surveys data from seven African and Asian countries and use matching to control for seven confounders.ResultsOn average, Hgb levels were 0.09 g/dL lower among agricultural workers compared with matched controls. Significant effects were observed in Ethiopia, India, Lesotho, and Senegal, with effects from 0.07 to 0.30 g/dL lower Hgb level among agricultural workers. The findings were robust to multiple control groups and a modest amount of unmeasured confounding.ConclusionsMen engaged in agricultural work in four of the seven countries studied have modestly lower Hgb levels. Our data support integrating kidney function assessments within Demographic and Health Surveys and other population-based surveys.
Acellular nipple scaffold development, characterization, and preliminary biocompatibility assessment in a swine model
Authors: Oganesyan Ruben V. , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Acun Aylin , Lupon Elise , Taveau Corentin B. , Burlage Laura C. , Lantieri Laurent A. , Randolph Mark A. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Uygun Basak E. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The gold standard in nipple reconstruction remains the autologous skin flap. Unfortunately the results are not satisfying with up to 75% loss of nipple projection over time.1–8 Existing studies investigated the use of primates as a source of implants.9,10 We hypothesized that porcine nipple can serve as a perfect shape-supporting implant due to functional similarities to human nipple.11,12 Our group developed a decellularization protocol to obtain an acellular nipple scaffold (ANS) for nipple reconstruction.

Methods:
Tissue samples were collected from 8 disease-free female Yorkshire pigs (60–70 kg) and then decellularized. The decellularization efficiency and extracellular matrix (ECM) characterization was performed histologically and quantitatively (DNA, total collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan content). In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility was determined by human dermal fibroblast culture and subcutaneous implantation of six ANS in a single Yorkshire pig (60–70 kg) respectively. Inflammation and adverse events were monitored daily based on local clinical signs.

Results:
We showed that all cellular structures and 96% of DNA (321.7±57.6 vs. 11.7±10.9 ng DNA/mg wet tissue, in native and ANS, respectively, p<0.001) can be successfully removed. However, this was associated with a decrease in collagen (89.0±11.4 and 58.8±9.6 μg collagen/mg (p<0.001)) and elastin (14.2±1.6 and 7.9±2.4 μg elastin/mg (p<0.05)) and increase in GAG content (5.0±0.7 and 6.0 ± 0.8 ng/mg (p<0.05)). ANS can support continuous cell growth in vitro and during preliminary biocompatibility tests in vivo.

Conclusions:
This is a preliminary report a novel promising ANS for nipple reconstruction, but more research is needed to validate results.
Racial and ethnic disparities in interhospital transfer for complex emergency general surgical disease across the United States
Authors: Iantorno Stephanie E. , Bucher Brian T. , Horns Joshua J. , McCrum Marta L. 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
Differential access to specialty surgical care can drive health care disparities, and interhospital transfer (IHT) is one mechanism through which access barriers can be realized for vulnerable populations. The association between race/ethnicity and IHT for patients presenting with complex emergency general surgery (EGS) disease is understudied.

METHODS
Using the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, we identified patients 18 years and older with 1 of 13 complex EGS diseases based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis codes. The primary outcome was IHT. A series of weighted logistic regression models was created to determine the association of race/ethnicity with the primary outcome while controlling for patient and hospital characteristics.

RESULTS
Of 387,610 weighted patient encounters from 989 hospitals, 59,395 patients (15.3%) underwent IHT. Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, rates of IHT were significantly lower for non-Hispanic Black (15% vs. 17%; unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.58 [0.49–0.68]; p < 0.001), Hispanic/Latinx (HL) (9.0% vs. 17%; uOR [95% CI], 0.48 [0.43–0.54]; p < 0.001), Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI) (11% vs. 17%; uOR [95% CI], 0.84 [0.78–0.91]; p < 0.001), and other race/ethnicity (12% vs. 17%; uOR [95% CI], 0.68 [0.57–0.81]; p < 0.001) patients. In multivariable models, the adjusted odds of IHT remained significantly lower for HL (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 0.76 [0.72–0.83]; p < 0.001) and Asian/PI patients (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 0.73 [0.62–0.86]; p < 0.001) but not for non-Hispanic Black and other race/ethnicity patients (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
In a nationally representative sample of emergency departments across the United States, patients of minority race/ethnicity presenting with complex EGS disease were less likely to undergo IHT when compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Disparities persisted for HL and Asian/PI patients when controlling for comorbid conditions, hospital and residential geography, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and insurance; these patients may face unique barriers in accessing surgical care.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level III.
Substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Amir Carolyn M. , Kapler Simon , Hoftman Gil , Kushan Leila , Zinberg Jamie , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Kennedy Leda , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H. , Perkins Diana O. , Stone William , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundElevated rates of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use are observed in both patients with psychotic disorders and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and strong genetic associations exist between substance use disorders and schizophrenia. While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDel) are at increased genetic risk for psychosis, initial evidence suggests that they have strikingly low rates of substance use. In the current study, we aimed to directly compare substance use patterns and their neurobehavioral correlates in genetic and clinical high-risk cohorts.MethodsData on substance use frequency and severity, clinical symptoms and neurobehavioral measures were collected at baseline and at 12-month follow-up visits in two prospective longitudinal cohorts: participants included 89 22qDel carriers and 65 age and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (40.67% male, Mage=19.26 ± 7.84 years) and 1288 CHR-P youth and 371 matched TD controls from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-2 and 3 (55.74% male; Mage=18.71 ± 4.27 years). Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using linear mixed models.ResultsControlling for age, sex, and site, CHR-P individuals had significantly elevated rates of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use relative to TD controls, whereas 22qDel had significantly lower rates. Increased substance use frequency and severity in CHR-P individuals was associated with increased positive psychosis symptom severity, dysphoric mood, social functioning, and IQ, while higher social anhedonia was associated with lower substance use frequency and severity, across all domains at baseline. These patterns persisted when we investigated these relationships longitudinally over one-year. CHR-P youth exhibited significantly increased positive psychosis symptoms, dysphoric mood, social anhedonia, and IQ compared to 22qDel carriers, and significantly higher social functioning and lower rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to 22qDel carriers, both at baseline and at one year follow-up.ConclusionsIndividuals at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis have strikingly different patterns of substance use. Factors such as increased neurodevelopmental symptoms (lower IQ, higher rates of ASD) and poorer social functioning in 22qDel may help explain this distinction from substance use patterns observed in CHR-P individuals.
Quantifying individual-level heterogeneity in infectiousness and susceptibility through household studies
Authors: Anderson Thayer L , Nande Anjalika , Merenstein Carter , Raynor Brinkley , Oommen Anisha , Kelly Brendan J , Levy Michael Z , Hill Alison L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe spread of SARS-CoV-2, like that of many other pathogens, is governed by heterogeneity. “Superspreading,” or “over-dispersion,” is an important factor in transmission, yet it is hard to quantify. Estimates from contact tracing data are prone to potential biases due to the increased likelihood of detecting large clusters of cases, and may reflect variation in contact behavior more than biological heterogeneity. In contrast, the average number of secondary infections per contact is routinely estimated from household surveys, and these studies can minimize biases by testing all members of a household. However, the models used to analyze household transmission data typically assume that infectiousness and susceptibility are the same for all individuals or vary only with predetermined traits such as age. Here we develop and apply a combined forward simulation and inference method to quantify the degree of inter-individual variation in both infectiousness and susceptibility from observations of the distribution of infections in household surveys. First, analyzing simulated data, we show our method can reliably ascertain the presence, type, and amount of these heterogeneities with data from a sufficiently large sample of households. We then analyze a collection of household studies of COVID-19 from diverse settings around the world, and find strong evidence for large heterogeneity in both the infectiousness and susceptibility of individuals. Our results also provide a framework to improve the design of studies to evaluate household interventions in the presence of realistic heterogeneity between individuals.
CyclOps: Cyclical development towards operationalizing ML models for health
Authors: Krishnan Amrit , Subasri Vallijah , McKeen Kaden , Kore Ali , Ogidi Franklin , Alinoori Mahshid , Lalani Nadim , Dhalla Azra , Verma Amol , Razak Fahad , Pandya Deval , Dolatabadi Elham 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOpen source software that enable research and development of machine learning (ML) models for clinical use cases are fragmented, poorly maintained and fall short in functionality. CyclOps is a software framework designed to address this gap and help accelerate the development of ML models for health. In this paper, we describe the architecture, APIs and implementation details of CyclOps, while providing benchmarks on example clinical use cases. We emphasize that CyclOps is developed to be researcher friendly, while providing APIs for building end-to-end pipelines for model development as well as deployment. We adopt software engineering and ML operations (MLOps) best practices, while providing support for handling large volumes of health data. The design of the framework is centered around the notion of iterative and cyclical development of the overall ML system, which consists of data, model development and monitoring pipelines. The coreCyclOpspackage can be installed through the Python Package Index (PyPI) and the source code is available athttps://github.com/VectorInstitute/cyclops.
BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT OF COVID-19 VACCINE, MRNA (MRNA-1273) FOR MALES AGE 18-64 YEARS
Authors: Yogurtcu Osman N. , Funk Patrick R. , Forshee Richard A. , Anderson Steven A. , Marks Peter W. , Yang Hong 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTSince authorization of the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine, real-world evidence has indicated its effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 cases. However, increased cases of mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis/pericarditis have been reported, predominantly in young adults and adolescents. The Food and Drug Administration conducted benefit-risk assessment to inform review of the Biologics License Application for use of the Moderna vaccine among individuals ages 18 years and older. We modeled benefit-risk per million individuals who receive two complete doses of the vaccine. Benefit endpoints were vaccine-preventable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths. The risk endpoints were vaccine-related myocarditis/pericarditis cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths. The analysis was conducted on the age-stratified male population, due to data signals and previous work showing males to be the main risk group. We constructed six scenarios to evaluate the impact of uncertainty associated with pandemic dynamics, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against novel variants, and rates of vaccine-associated myocarditis/pericarditis cases on the model results. For our most likely scenario, we assumed the US COVID-19 incidence was for the week of December 25, 2021, and a VE of 30% against cases and 72% against hospitalization with the Omicron-dominant strain. Our source for estimating vaccine-attributable myocarditis/pericarditis rates was FDA’s CBER Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) System databases. Overall, our results supported the conclusion that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh its risks. Remarkably, we predicted vaccinating one million 18-25 year-old males would prevent 82,484 cases, 4,766 hospitalizations, 1,144 ICU admissions, and 51 deaths due to COVID-19, comparing to 128 vaccine-attributable myocarditis/pericarditis cases, 110 hospitalizations, zero ICU admissions, and zero deaths. Uncertainties in the pandemic trajectory, effectiveness of vaccine against novel variants, and vaccine-attributable myocarditis/pericarditis rate are important limitations of our analysis. Also, the model does not evaluate potential long-term adverse effects due to either COVID-19 or vaccine-attributable myocarditis/pericarditis.