bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of “Fixation-fusion” Sequence of Lumbar Surgery on Surgical Outcomes for Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Weihang , Mei Zijian , Jiang Jialin , Sun Kaiqiang , Zheng Bin , Meng Yake , Bai Yushu , He Zhimin , Shi Jiangang , Guo Yongfei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
New-onset neurological symptoms such as numbness and pain in lower extremities might appear immediately after conventional lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) surgery performed in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Methods and Analysis:
This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, active-controlled trial investigating the clinical outcomes of modified LIF sequence versus conventional LIF sequence in treating patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. A total of 254 eligible patients will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either modified LIF sequence or conventional LIF sequence group. The primary outcome measure is the perioperative incidence of new-onset lower extremity neurological symptoms, including new adverse events of pain, numbness, and foot drop of any severity. Important secondary endpoints include visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate. Other safety endpoints will also be evaluated. The safety set used for safety data analysis by the actual surgical treatment received and the full analysis set for baseline and efficacy data analyses according to the intent-to-treat principle will be established as the two analysis population in the study.
Conclusion
This study is designed to investigate the clinical outcomes of modified LIF sequence in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. It aims to provide clinical evidence that the modified “fixation-fusion” sequence of LIF surgery is effective in treating lumbar spinal stenosis. (Words: 221)
Trial registration:
http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ID: ChiCTR2100048507
Dental Caries experience among qat chewers in Jazan population, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Halboub Esam , Alqahtani Ahmed Shaher , Alamri Abdulwahab Ahmed , Kamili Ghazi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims
There is a considerable debate on the impact of qat chewing on dental and oral health. Thereby, this study aimed at assessing the dental caries among qat chewers (QC) in comparison to non-qat chewers (NQC) in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
Materials and Methods
A sample of 100 QCs and 100 NQCs were recruited amongst those attended dental clinics, college of dentistry, Jazan University during the 2018–2019 academic year. Their dental health was assessed by three precalibrated male interns using DMFT index. The Care Index (CI), Restorative Index (RI) and Treatment Index (TR) were calculated. Comparisons between both subgroups were done using independent t-test. Multiple linear regression analyses were further conducted to stand on the independent determinants of the oral health among this population.
Results
QCs were unintentionally older (36.55 ± 8.74 years) than NQCs (32.96 ± 8.49 years; P = 0.004). Fifty-six percent of QCs reported brushing their teeth compared to only 35% (P = 0.001). More QCs were of higher educational levels compared to NQC. The mean Decayed [5.91 (5.16)] and DMFT [9.15 (5.87)] were higher compared to NQC [3.73 (3.62) and 6.7 (4.58); P = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively]. The other indices were not different between both subgroups. The multiple linear regression revealed that qat chewing and age, individually or together, as independent determinants for the dental decay, missing, DMFT and TI.
Conclusion
Qat chewing habit has a detrimental impact on dental health. It is associated with higher dental caries and missing teeth, and a lower treatment index.
Efficacy of radiomics model based on the concept of gross tumor volume and clinical target volume in predicting occult lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chao Zeng , Zhang Wei , Liu Meiyue , Liu Jianping , Zheng Qiangxin , Li Jianing , Wang Zhiwu , Sun Guogui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To extract the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) of lung cancer from computed tomography (CT) images by radiomics method. To establish a predictive model for occult Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ A non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on contrast-enhanced CT.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 598 patients in different hospitals with preoperative enhanced CT presentation of stage I-IIA NSCLC was performed. Of all patients, 119 patients (20%) had postoperative pathology suggestive of LNM. On chest-enhanced CT (CECT) arterial phase pictures, GTV and CTV radiomics characteristics were retrieved. The training group included 401 patients (67 with LNM and 334 without LNM), and the external validation group included 197 patients (52 with LNM and 145 without LNM). For choosing radiomics features, the LASSO regression algorithm was applied. Three models (GTV model, CTV model, and GTV+CTV hybrid model) were developed to predict occult LNM in early NSCLC patients using the screened features. The models were implemented by plotting nomogram plots.
Results: Eight optimal radiomics features were finally locked and significantly correlated with occult LNM (all P<0.05). The ROC curves of the three models showed good predictive effects. The AUC values of the GTV and CTV models in the validation group were 0.821 and 0.812. The AUC of the GTV+CTV hybrid model was significantly better than that of the CTV model (the AUC of the training group and the validation group in the GTV+CTV hybrid model was 0.869 and 0.906, respectively). Moreover, the GTV model (the AUC of the training group and the validation group in the CTV model were 0.834 and 0.812, and the AUC of the training group and the validation group in the GTV model were 0. 845 and 0.821), and statistically significant by Delong test. ROC curve and decision curve showed that the radiomics model had clinical application value.
Conclusions: The radiomics prediction model based on GTV and CTV was developed and verified in this study to be able to predict occult LNM in patients with preoperative clinical stage I-IIA NSCLC, and it was found that the combined model is significantly more accurate than either model operating independently.
Evaluation of multigene assays as predictors for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Huo Dezheng , Freeman Jincong , Shubeck Sarah , Howard Frederick , Chen Nan , Nanda Rita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
OncotypeDX and MammaPrint assays have not been validated to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in early-stage breast cancer patients. We analyzed the 2010–2019 National Cancer Database and found that high OncotypeDX recurrence scores or high MammaPrint scores were associated with greater odds of pCR. Our findings suggest that OncotypeDX and MammaPrint testing predict pCR after NACT, and could facilitate clinical decision making between clinicians and patients.
Associations of socioeconomic status and obesity with hypertension in Tibetan adults in a Chinese plateau area
Authors: Li Yajie , Li Jianbo , Nima Qucuo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have identified that socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity are associated with hypertension. However, their interaction on hypertension risk has not yet been assessed.
Methods: We used logistic regression models to assess the complex relations of SES and obesity with hypertension.
Results: Compared with individuals of high SES, low and moderate SES were positively associated with high risk of hypertension. SES and obesity have significant additive interaction on hypertension (general obesity by BMI: RERI=1.33, P<0.001; abdominal obesity by WC: RERI=0.76, P<0.001; abdominal obesity by WHtR: RERI=0.96, P<0.001). In people from the low and moderate SES segments, obesity was linked to an increased risk of hypertension, but the correlations were stronger in people from the moderate SES category. Compared with adults of high SES and non obese, those with moderate SES and obesity had a higher risk of hypertension, and ORs were 4.38 (2.80, 6.84) for general obesity by BMI, 3.38 (2.05, 5.57) for abdominal obesity by WC, and 3.18 (1.57, 6.42) for abdominal obesity by WHtR.
Conclusion: There is an independent and additive interaction effect of obesity and SES on the risk of hypertension. Obese people, especially those of moderate and low SES, should reduce weight and waist circumference, and pay more attention to blood pressure.
Patient and family experience in pediatric spine surgery: a social media analysis
Authors: Levett Jordan , Elkaim Lior M. , Weber Michael H. , Yuh Sung-Joo , Lasry Oliver J. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Berven Sigurd , Weil Alexander G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is little data on patient and caregiver perceptions of spine surgery in children and youth. This study aims to characterize the personal experiences of patients, caregivers, and family members surrounding pediatric spine surgery through a qualitative and quantitative social media analysis.
The Twitter application programming interface was searched for keywords related to pediatric spine surgery from inception to March 2022. Relevant tweets and accounts were extracted and subsequently classified using thematic labels. Tweet metadata was collected to measure user engagement via multivariable regression. Sentiment analysis using Natural Language Processing was performed on all tweets with a focus on tweets discussing the personal experiences of patients and caregivers.
2424 tweets from 1847 individual accounts were retrieved for analysis. Patients and caregivers represented 1459 (79.0%) of all accounts. Posts discussed the personal experiences of patients and caregivers in 83.5% of tweets. Pediatric spine surgery research was discussed in a few posts (n=90, 3.7%). Within the personal experience category, 975 (48.17%) tweets were positive, 516 (25.49%) were negative, and 533 (26.34%) were neutral. Presence of a tag (beta: -6.1, 95% CI -9.7 to -2.5) and baseline follower count (beta<0.001, 95% CI <0.001 to <0.001) significantly affected tweet engagement negatively and positively, respectively.
Patients and caregivers actively discuss topics related to pediatric spine surgery on Twitter. Posts discussing personal experience are most prevalent, while posts on research are scarce, unlike previous social media studies. Pediatric spine surgeons can leverage this dialogue to better understand the worries and needs of patients and their families.
Association between diversity levels of member composition in group activities of older adults and the occurrence of need for care: The JAGES 2013-2019 longitudinal study
Authors: Shimizu Nao , Ide Kazushige , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Diverse group participation among older adults is thought to be associated with improved health. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the association between diversity of group membership and caregiving needs.
Method
We conducted a longitudinal study for the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study with 61,281 participants aged ≥ 65 years who were surveyed in 2013 and followed-up for six years. The diversity levels of the participating members were assessed by (1) continuous variables (range 0–3) with dummy variables corresponding to each diversity factor (sex, age, and region of residence). We adjusted for 12 covariates using Cox hazard survival analysis models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated for the association between group members’ diversity levels and certification of need for support or care. The same study was conducted when stratified by employment status at baseline.
Results
Participants in more diverse social participation groups were found to have a lower incidence of requiring Long term care.
Conclusion
Compared to those with no participation group, HRs decreased by 14–24% with increasing levels of diversity. The HR for care needed for those in diverse neighborhoods was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84–0.94). For participants who were currently unemployed, HR reductions ranged from 16–28% with increasing levels of diversity compared to the non-participating group. No association was found for employed participants.
Conclusions
The higher the diversity of participating groups, the lower the HR for certification of support and care requirement among older adults in Japan. Diversity of residential area is a factor associated with certification of need for long-term care. Public health policies that encourage participation in diverse organizations will be important in the future.
Quantifying the independent contributions of climate and land use change to ecosystem services
Authors: Xiao Junzhu , Song Fei , Su Fangli , Song Shuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ecosystem Services (ESs) are the embodiment of human welfare and play an important part in supporting the sustainable development of human society and regions. Climate change (CLC) and land use change (LUCC) are the most important factors influencing ESs. However, few studies have been devoted to differentiate their independent contributions on ESs. Based on the meteorological, soil, land use, and remote sensing data of Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2020, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST) model and Carnegie-Ames Stanford Approach(CASA) model was applied to construct a scenario simulation framework with three hypotheses(only CLC effect, only LUCC effect and the combined effect of CLC and LULC) to differentiate the independent contributions betwwen CLC and LUCC to net primary productivity(NPP), water yield (WY) and soil retention (SR) change and their dynamic change. The results showed that under the joint effect of CLC and LULC, NPP, WY and SR in Liaoning Province showed a rising trend from 2000 to 2020, increasing by 124.62gC/m², 30.64mm/a and 0.63t/km², respectively. In only CLC effect scenario, WY and SR changed by 6.24% and 2%, respectively, which was more significant than in only LUCC effect scenario. By contrast, NPP changed by 25.71% in only LUCC effect scenario, which was more significant than in only CLC effect scenario. Overall, CLC was the dominant factor of WY and SR change in Liaoning Province, with a independent contributions rate of 81.79%-84.02% and 73.57%-85.44%, respectively, whereas LUCC was the dominant factor of NPP change, with a independent contributions rate of 86.12%-92.50%. The decreased precipitation and the increased temperature were two primary reasons of the fluctuation in the independent contributions rate of CLC to WY and SR change, while the large area damage of forest land and rapid urbanization were two primary reasons of the fluctuation in the independent contributions rate of LUCC to NPP change. The study revealed the affect of different climatic conditions to ESs and the strong conflict between urbanization and ecosystem service provision and provided a theoretical foundation for the increase of ESs and regional sustainable development in Liaoning Province.
Cumulative effect of metabolic syndrome on the risk of retinal vein occlusion in young patients: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Yeji , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo , Han Kyungdo , Kim Jae Hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the cumulative burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in young adults. We included 1,408,093 subjects aged ≥ 20 and < 40 years without a history of RVO who underwent four consecutive annual health examinations during 2009–2012 from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The metabolic burden was evaluated based on the cumulative number of MetS diagnoses at each health examination (0–4 times) and the cumulative number of each MetS component diagnosed at each health examination (0–4 times per MetS component). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of RVO according to metabolic burden. The risk of RVO was positively correlated with the cumulative number of MetS diagnoses over the four health examinations. All five MetS components were independently associated with an increased risk of RVO. Subgroup analysis for the impact of MetS on RVO occurrence revealed that MetS had a greater impact on female subjects (P < 0.001). Prompt detection of metabolic derangements and their treatment might be important to decrease the risk of RVO in young adults, especially women.
Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Death Using a Novel Measure: COVID Excess Mortality Percentage
Authors: Yuan Andy , Atanasov Vladimir , Parra Paula Natalia Barreto , Whittle Jeff , Meurer John , Weston Benjamin , Luo Qian (Eric) , Franchi Lorenzo , Zhang Ruohao , Black Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives and prevented countless adverse patient disease outcomes. Understanding the long-term effectiveness of these vaccines is imperative to developing recommendations for precautions and booster doses. Comparisons between more and less vaccinated groups may be misleading due to selection bias, as these groups may differ in underlying health status and thus risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. We study all adult deaths over April 1, 2021-June 30, 2022 in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, linked to vaccination records, use mortality from other natural causes to proxy for underlying health, and report relative COVID-19 mortality risk (RMR) for vaccinees versus the unvaccinated, using a novel outcome measure that controls for selection effects. This measure, COVID Excess Mortality Percentage (CEMP) uses the non-COVID natural mortality rate (Non-Covid-NMR) as a measure of population risk of COVID mortality without vaccination. We validate this measure during the pre-vaccine period (r = 0.97) and demonstrate that selection effects are large, with Non-Covid-NMRs for two-dose vaccinees less than half those for the unvaccinated, and Non-COVID NMRs still lower for three dose (booster) recipients. Progressive waning of two-dose effectiveness is observed, with relative mortality risk (RMR) for two-dose vaccinees aged 60 + versus the unvaccinated of 11% during April-June 2021, rising steadily to 36% during the Omicron period (January-June, 2022). Notably, a booster dose reduced RMR to 10–11% for ages 60+. Boosters thus provide important additional protection against mortality.
Time series of oral and oropharyngeal cancer and risk factors for death in Brazil
Authors: Costa Jaqueline Farias Barbosa , Barbosa Kevan Guilherme Nobrega , de França Glória Maria , de Oliveira Catarina Rodrigues Rosa , Barros Herbet Charles Silva , Santos Vanessa de Carla Batista dos , Ferreira Sonia Maria Soares 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer of the mouth and oropharynx is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite new diagnostic and treatment technologies. The aim of this study was to describe a time series of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases, as well as to evaluate risk factors for death and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Methods
This is a retrospective time series of cases diagnosed between 2017 and 2020 at a referral center in the state of Alagoas. Poisson regression with robust variance and disease-specific-survival (DSS) analysis were performed using “death” as outcome.
Results
The sample consisted of 115 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The tongue was the most frequently affected site and 56 patients had died. Waiting time for treatment initiation longer than 60 days, presence of palpable lymph nodes, large tumor size, advanced tumor stage, and non-surgical treatment were associated with a higher risk of death.
Conclusion
This study provided insights into the behavior and characteristics of the population with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, as well as into the risk factors for death and factors affecting overall survival.
Compressional behavior of the aragonite-structure carbonates to 6 GPa.
Authors: Vidal-Daza Isaac , Sanchez-Navas Antonio , Hernández-Laguna Alfonso 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The behavior of aragonite (CaCO3), strontianite (SrCO3 ), cerussite (PbCO3) andwitherite (BaCO3 ) at increasing pressure have been studied up to 6 GPa using density func-tional theory with plane waves. A parallelism of the orthorhombic carbonates with theclosed-packed AsNi structure is considered in our analysis, being the CO2− groups not3centered in the interstice of the octahedron. The decomposition of the unit cell volume intoatomic contributions by using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules has allowed theanalysis of the bulk modulus in atomic contributions. The bulk, axes, interatomic distancesand atomic compressibilities are calculated. The largest compression is on the c crystallo-graphic axis and the c linear modulus has a linear function with the mineral bulk modulus(K0 ). Many of the interatomic distances moduli of the alkaline earth (AE) carbonates show linear functions with the bulk modulus; however, the whole series (including cerussite) onlygives linear functions when K 0 is related either with the CC distances modulus or the mod-ulus of the distances of the C to the faces of the octahedron perpendicular to c. These lastdistances are the projections of the Metal-Oxygen (MO) distances to the center of the octa-hedron. K 0 AE carbonates also show linear functions with the atomic moduli of their cations,however, the whole series show a linear relation with the atomic modulus of C atoms. There-fore, the whole series highlight the importance of the C atoms and their interactions in themechanism of compression of the orthorhombic carbonate series.
Musashi2 binds TGFβR1 regulates mastitis via TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway in dairy cows
Authors: Lyu Chen-Chen , Yuan Bao , Che Hao-Yu , Meng Yu , Zheng Yi , He Yun-Tong , Ji Zhong-Hao , Cong Shuai , Ji Xing-Yu , Jiang Hao , Zhang Jiabao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective:
Bacteria-induced mastitis is characterized by mammary pain, swelling of the mammary glands, and decreased milk production and quality in cows. Reducing the negative effects of inflammation is a challenge, and the regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory response in mammary epithelial cells is not yet clear.
Results:
Our results indicated that the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2) regulates the inflammatory response and the blood-milk barrier in mastitis. Msi2 is commonly enriched in stem cells and tumor cells. We found that Msi2 expression was upregulated during mastitis. Silencing Msi2 in BMECs and mice increased inflammatory factors and tight junctions. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Msi2 silencing increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling. RNA-interacting protein immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Msi2 could affect the translation of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFβR1), thereby affecting TGFβ signaling. Overall, Msi2 silencing reduced inflammatory reactions and repaired the blood-milk barrier during mastitis
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that Msi2 plays an important role in mastitis by regulating the TGFβ signaling pathway. A decrease in Msi2 can reduce the negative effects of mastitis by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and increasing tight junction proteins.