bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality reliability based on an improved entropy in a water distribution system
Authors: Wang Yumin , Zhu Jianguo , Zhu Guangcan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, information entropy was proposed to measure water quality reliability in a water distribution system (WDS), which had been applied to evaluate hydraulic reliability in the WDS. In the water quality reliability evaluation, residual chlorine is a representative of water quality, and a first-order decay model was usually adopted. The water quality reliability (R) based on water quality entropy (WQE) and improved water quality reliability (Rd) based on improved water quality entropy (IWQE) were proposed and compared for three networks. The method was developed based on the EPANET toolkit and MATLAB environment. The results indicated that flow entropy (FE) is strongly related to WQE, and improved flow entropy (IFE) is also strongly related to IWQE. In addition, Rd can reflect the effect of pipe velocity, whereas R can only reflect the effects of pipe flow and the WDS layout. The novelty of this paper is to develop the entropy with consideration of the pipe velocity to measure water quality liability as a surrogate index, which can reduce the calculation load and can be applied to a nonlinear system. The proposed water quality reliability evaluation method based on information entropy can help design, analyze, and improve the water quality in the WDS.
Assessing the impact of climate change in the wheat–maize cropping system across the Huang–Huai–Hai Plain under future climate scenarios
Authors: Shirazi Sana Zeeshan , Mei Xurong , Liu Buchun , Liu Yuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
General circulation models suggest that changes in climatic parameters will have an effect on food production globally. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of climate change on wheat–maize rotation areas in the Huang–Huai–Hai Plain (3H Plain). The projections generated suggest an increase in precipitation during the wheat growth period (WGP) by 1.33–4.16% (2.6–8.3 mm) and 3.13–8.16% (6.2–18.0 mm) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, relative to the base period (1981–2016). Across the 3H Plain, the mean temperature during the WGP is projected to increase between 1.17–1.21 and 1.17–1.28 °C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The projections during the maize growth period (MGP) indicate an increase in the temperature between 1.29–1.92 and 1.84–2.08 °C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. During the MGP, precipitation is also projected to increase by 7.41–9.73% (33.6–45.1 mm) and 6.63–14.78% (29.8–72.7 mm) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. For each 1% change in climatic factors, the comprehensive effect on yield was projected to be 0.65 and 0.58% for wheat and −1.08 and −1.11% for maize, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, when other factors were kept constant. The change in water resources will be insignificant during the WGP and more pronounced during the MGP. The study provides an overview of changes in meteorological parameters and scientific evidence for climate change adaptation in the wheat–maize cropping system.
Comparative Study of Binding Pockets in Human CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and
CYP3A7 with Aflatoxin B1, a Hepato-Carcinogen, by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
& Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Saba Nikhat , Seal Alpana 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Aflatoxin B1 is a harmful hepatocarcinogen which is metabolized in our body by Cytochrome
P450 enzymes, namely CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7, into toxic (exo-8, 9-epoxide) and nontoxic
(AFQ1, endo-epoxide) products. We have found from the literature that due to cooperativity, the rate of metabolic
reactions increases in CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 involving more than one site of proteins to form two products at a
given time, whereas the interaction of CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 is still unknown. Our work aims to study these four
enzymes with AFB1 based on binding site pocket characterization and to find the probable resultant products at each
binding site.

Methods:
We used computational approaches like homology modeling, molecular docking to form mono and double
ligated systems, molecular dynamic simulations to analyze the potential energies (vdW & electrostatic), PCA,
RMSF, and residue-wise interactions at the active as well as allosteric sites of these four enzymes.

Results:
We found that CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were more hydrophobic at the first site and may induce
epoxidation reaction to form toxic products, whereas the second site would be expected to be more polar and comprising
charged interactions, thus enhancing non-toxic hydroxylated products. However, in CYP3A7, the first site
favors hydroxylation, whereas the second site is involved in higher hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusion:
Thus, in the fetus where AFB1 is metabolized only by CYP3A7, a lower concentration of toxic metabolites
will be expected, while in adults exhibiting CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 may increase the concentration of
the toxic metabolites due to the combined effect of these enzymes, consequently increasing liver toxicity. We believe
that AFB1 binding characteristics will be helpful for medicinal chemists in the process of designing a new drug.
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Based on Automatic Fiber Quantification in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yu Bo , Ding Zhongxiang , Wang Luoyu , Feng Qi , Fan Yifeng , Xu Xiufang , Liao Zhengluan 
Published: July 2022

Background:Neuroimaging suggests that white matter microstructure is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, whether alterations in white matter microstructure are confined to specific regions and whether they can be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish normal control (NC) from AD are unknown.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 33 cases of AD and 25 cases of NC were recruited for automatic fiber quantification (AFQ). A total of 20 fiber bundles were equally divided into 100 segments for quantitative assessment of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), volume and curvature. In order to further evaluate the diagnostic value, the maximum redundancy minimum (mRMR) and LASSO algorithms were used to select features, calculate the Radscore of each subject, establish logistic regression models, and draw ROC curves, respectively, to assess the predictive power of four different models.Results:There was a significant increase in the MD values in AD patients compared with healthy subjects. The differences were mainly located in the left cingulum hippocampus (HCC), left uncinate fasciculus (UF) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). The point-wise level of 20 fiber bundles was used as a classification feature, and the MD index exhibited the best performance to distinguish NC from AD.Conclusion:These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and suggest that abnormal white matter based on DTI-based AFQ analysis is helpful to explore the pathogenesis of AD.
Predicting COVID-19 Severity Integrating RNA-Seq Data Using Machine
Learning Techniques
Authors: Bajo-Morales Javier , Castillo-Secilla Daniel , Herrera Luis Javier , Caba Octavio , Prados Jose Carlos , Rojas Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
A fundamental challenge in the fight against COVID -19 is the development of reliable and accurate tools to predict disease progression in a patient. This information can be extremely useful in distinguishing hospitalized patients at higher risk for needing UCI from patients with low severity. How SARS-CoV-2 infection will evolve is still unclear.

Methods:
A novel pipeline was developed that can integrate RNA-Seq data from different databases to obtain a genetic biomarker COVID -19 severity index using an artificial intelligence algorithm. Our pipeline ensures robustness through multiple cross-validation processes in different steps.

Results:
CD93, RPS24, PSCA, and CD300E were identified as a COVID -19 severity gene signature. Furthermore, using the obtained gene signature, an effective multi-class classifier capable of discriminating between control, outpatient, inpatient, and ICU COVID -19 patients was optimized, achieving an accuracy of 97.5%.

Conclusion:
In summary, during this research, a new intelligent pipeline was implemented with the goal of developing a specific gene signature that can detect the severity of patients suffering COVID -19. Our approach to clinical decision support systems achieved excellent results, even when processing unseen samples. Our system can be of great clinical utility for the strategy of planning, organizing and managing human and material resources, as well as for automatically classifying the severity of patients affected by COVID -19.
Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors and Associated Factors among Adult Heart Failure Patients Attending Chronic Follow-Up Care at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Temesgen , Duguna Desalegn , Bekele Azmeraw , Umeta Belachew 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Optimal outcomes and quality of life in patients with heart failure (HF) depend on effective self-care activities. However, patients may experience difficulties, and their performance may be inconsistent.

Aim:
To determine the level of adherence to self-care behaviors and associated factors among adult HF patients attending chronic follow-up care at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September 2021. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and by reviewing patients’ medical records. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and the findings were presented in frequency, percentage, mean (SD), and median (IQR). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with adherence to self-care behaviors. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-values were used to report the findings.

Results:
Out of 266 HF patients, 50.0% had good adherence towards self-care behavior recommendations. The highest following recommendation was taking medication as prescribed (75.5%), followed by a dietary recommendation of a low-salt diet (45.2%). Participants who could not read and write (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13, 0.71), P = 0.006), had an illness duration greater than or equal to ten years (AOR = 0.31 (95% CI 0.12, 0.82), P = 0.02), in the NYHA class II HF (AOR = 0.33 (95% CI 0.15, 0.73), P = 0.007) were negatively associated with good adherence to self-care behavior recommendations.

Conclusion:
In this study, only half of the respondents had good adherence to self-care behaviors. Lower educational level, longer illness duration, and NYHA class II HF were predictors of poor adherence to self-care. Therefore, nurses should devise strategies to counsel or educate the HF patients on self-care practice recommendations, particularly patients with a lower education level and who lived longer with HF.
Adjunct Therapy of Zinc Supplementation Increases Immunological Response in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha , Somia I Ketut Agus , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati , Suryana Ketut 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Malnutrition greatly accelerates the impairment of immune function among HIV-infected patients. Zinc deficiency is often found in people living with HIV/AIDS, affecting their immune function. Several studies have evaluated the effect of zinc in HIV-infected patients, including CD4+ T-cells. However, the results have varied. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in HIV patients, particularly its effect on CD4+ T-cells count.

Methods:
Relevant publications were obtained from PubMed database, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, and Science Direct. The primary outcome was CD4+ T-cells count, while the secondary outcomes were viral load and zinc levels. Year of publication, type of study, population, doses of zinc given, duration of zinc administration, sample size, age, and baseline CD4+ T-cells counts were also obtained and reported. Quantitative data from the publications were analyzed using a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model.

Results:
We evaluated 13 full-text articles on zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients, involving 802 subjects for the experiment group and 742 subjects for the control group. Overall, zinc supplementation, whether as zinc supplementation-only or prepared as multiple micronutrient or multivitamin preparation, increases CD4+ T-cells counts by 33.14 cells/mm3 (p =0.02; 95% CI: 6.09 to 60.19), irrespective of age. Subgroup analysis revealed CD4+ T-cells counts also increase in patients who receive zinc supplementation-only preparation by 33.56 cells/mm3 (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 1.5 to 65.63). Zinc supplementation increases serum zinc levels with pooled mean difference of 15.41 µg/dl (p < 0.05; 95% CI: 12.77 to 18.06). However, the viral load did not significantly decrease with zinc supplementation, with a pooled mean difference of -4.02 copies/ml (p =0.7; 95% CI: -24.78 to 16.75), based on the random-effect model.

Conclusion:
Zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients enhances immunological response, characterized by an increase in CD4+ T-cells counts. In addition, it increases zinc serum levels in HIV-infected patients, indicating the importance of zinc supplementation in this group of patients.
Developments in Perovskite Materials Based Solar Cells: In Pursuit of
Hysteresis Effect, Stability Issues and Lead-Free Based Perovskite
Materials
Authors: Hasan Inamul , Joshi Siddharth , Subbaya K. M. , Elangovan Naveen Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Over the past few years, significant advances in science and technology have occurred in the field of perovskite-based solar cells (PSC), which has sparked significant interest in next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Perovskite solar cells, which have a current certified power conversion efficiency of 25.5 %, are the first solution processed photovoltaic to outperform silicon-based photovoltaic technologies. Perovskite solar cells are comparable to Silicon-based solar cells due to their low-cost fabrication techniques and high efficiency. Nevertheless, the research community is still concerning about future design optimization, series degradation issues, stability, and practical efficiency restrictions. As a result, comprehensive knowledge of the perovskite solar cell's operating mechanism and operating principles is more important than ever before applying these technologies in the real world for future optimization. Recent research findings in the material science of innovative halide perovskites, as well as numerous architectures based on alternative materials for lead-free perovskites, band-gap engineering, impact of materials on various electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL), the device instability and J-V hysteresis issues of perovskite solar cells are the focus of this study. In order to better understand the potential of perovskite solar cell, factors such as hysteresis-inducing factors, interface engineering, device stability, and a variety of recombination processes are being investigated. For future optimization of perovskite solar cells, the following review findings provide a clear focus for current research needs and future research directions to address issues and understand the working potential of the perovskite solar cell.
Analisis Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Sukmayanto Muher , Listiana Indah , Hasanuddin Tubagus 
Published: July 2022

<p>Padi adalah komoditas pangan yang penting karena sebagai makanan pokok dan sumber pendapatan bagi penduduk Indonesia. Upaya peningkatan produksi padi terus dilakukan pemerintah untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Namun permasalahan saat ini produktivitas padi yang dihasilkan masih rendah, hal ini dikarenakan petani belum secara optimal dalam penggunaan faktor produksi sehingga mempengaruhi pendapatan petani. Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani padi dan (2) menganalisis pendapatan usahatani padi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 100 petani padi yang ditentukan secara <em>Simple Random Sampling Method</em>. Metode alat analisis data yang digunakan adalah fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglass dan analisis pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel benih, pupuk urea, pupuk NPK, pupuk kandang, tenaga kerja, dan luas lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi, sedangkan pupuk KCL dan pupuk SP36 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi. Pendapatan rata-rata usahatani padi atas biaya total per musim tanam sebesar Rp13,258,682.47/ha dengan R/C sebesar 2,36 yang artinya usahatani padi telah menguntungkan.</p>
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Petani Mengikuti Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi di Kecamatan Buay Madang Timur Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Purwadi Purwadi , Minha Amruzi , Lifianthi Lifianthi 
Published: July 2022

<p>Sektor pertanian memiliki risiko ketidakpastian yang cukup tinggi, meliputi tingkat kegagalan panen akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman, banjir, kekeringan serta ketidakpastian harga yang merugikan petani. Untuk mengurangi risiko gagal panen yang dihadapi petani khususnya petani Padi, pemerintah menjalankan program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani mengikuti program AUTP di Kecamatan Buay Madang Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Data yang dikumpulkan diolah secara tabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan sofware SPSS 21.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) dengan persamaan regresi logistik biner. Hasilnya, keputusan petani mengikuti AUTP mampu dijelaskan sebesar 50,2 % oleh faktor umur, pengalaman berusahatani, luas lahan usahatani, pendapatan, pendidikan dan persepsi petani terhdap AUTP. Sisanya, 49,8 % keputusan petani mengikuti program AUTP dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Faktor umur, pengalaman berusahatani, dan persepsi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan petani mengikuti program AUTP. Sedangkan faktor luas lahan usahatani, pendapatan dan pendidikan berpengaruh tidak signifikan. Kemudian, faktor pengalaman berusahatani, pendapatan dan persepsi berpengaruh secara positif terhadap keputusan petani mengikuti program AUTP. Sedangkan, faktor umur, luas lahan usahatani dan pendidikan berpengaruh secara negatif.</p><p> </p>
Efecto del lactosuero fresco y enriquecido sobre la ganancia de peso y fermentación ruminal en becerras Jersey criadas artificialmente
Authors: Ramírez Díaz Roselia , Medina Jonapa Francisco J. , Hernández López Adalberto , Urbina Cruz Fátima Monserrat , Pinto Trinidad Luis René , Sánchez Cruz Nicasio David , Morales López Juan Jesús 
Published: July 2022

En la crianza artificial de becerras es necesario reemplazar la leche para disminuir los costos de alimentación. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el uso de lactosuero fresco y enriquecido como sustituto de la leche entera en el sistema de crianza artificial de becerras Jersey. Se utilizaron 24 becerras de 31 ± 2,8 kg de peso, repartidas en tres tratamientos: T1) leche entera + concentrado + pasto (Cynodon nlemfuensis), T2) lactosuero fresco enriquecido + concentrado + pasto y T3) lactosuero fresco + concentrado + pasto. Se evaluó ganancia diaria de peso, consumo de concentrado, parámetros de fermentación ruminal y degradación in vitro del pasto. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar. La ganancia de peso fue similar para T1 y T2 (0,840 kg y 0,780 kg; p < 0,05), mientras que el consumo de concentrado fue similar para todos los tratamientos. El volumen máximo (VM: T1: 174,36 mL/g de MS, T2: 196,30 mL/g de MS y T3: 200,46 mL/g de MS; p > 0,05) y fase lag (L: T1: 1,36 h; T2: 1,22 h y T3: 0,68 h; p > 0,05) del pasto fue similar entre los tratamientos evaluados. A los 30 días, la mayor degradación se encontró en T1; sin embargo, a los 90 días no se encontraron diferencias. Se concluye que el uso del lactosuero fresco enriquecido es viable para reemplazar la leche en la crianza artificial de becerras Jersey.
Pengaruh Pencahayaan Alami Terhadap Kenyamanan Visual di Ruang Studio Arsitektur Universitas Pancasila
Authors: Ragilyani Novia 
Published: July 2022

Ruang Studio merupakan tempat berlangsungnya kegiatan belajar – mengajar seperti proses menggambar bagi mahasiswa arsitektur dan proses mengajar bagi para dosen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat iluminasi pada ruang studio gambar yang ditinjau dari pencahayaan alami pada ruang studio gambar dan persepsi mahasiswa dan pendapat mereka terhadap tingkat kenyamanan visual yang dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan alami pada suatu ruang studio. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan cara menganalisis tingkat iluminasi dari pencahayaan alami pada ruang studio arsitektur di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pancasila, dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada 30 – 50 mahasiswa yang menggunakan ruangan tersebut untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa tersebut terhadap kenyamanan visual yang dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan alami pada ruang studio tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian di analisis tingkat iluminasi nya dan dibandingkan dengan persepsi mahasiswa yang menggunakan ruangan tersebut, kemudian dilihat apakah ruangan tersebut sudah memenuhi standar SNI atau belum sebagai ruang studio gambar. Dari hasil pengukuran tingkat iluminasi tersebut didapat hasil bahwa seluruh ruang studio yang menjadi objek penelitian telah memenuhi standar SNI 03-6575-2001, Dan hasil persepsi mahasiswa terkait kenyamanan visual memiliki hasil netral dan nyaman. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa masih dapat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan baik di Ruang Studio Gambar jika hanya menggunakan pencahayaan alami.
Why ‘Indirect Discrimination’ Is a Useful Legal but Not a Useful Moral Concept
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: July 2022

A policy (practice, act, etc.) indirectly discriminates against a group, G, if, and only if: (1) it does not reflect an objectionable mental state regarding the members of G; (2) it disadvantages members of G; (3) the disadvantages are disproportionate; and (4) G is a socially salient group. I argue that indirect discrimination is not non-instrumentally morally wrong. Clearly, if it were, that would be because it harms members of G disproportionately, i.e., in virtue of features (2) and (3). Harming members of a group disproportionately does appear non-instrumentally wrong. But it is not easy to provide a plausible explanation for the kind of harm and disproportionality involved here that vindicates this initial appearance. This does not mean the concept of indirect discrimination should be jettisoned. It was originally a legal concept, and in closing I briefly suggest that in law it plays a valuable role, even if it is not a genuine moral category. Legal prohibition is an unreliable guide to what is morally wrong, but it is not supposed to be that anyway.