bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic disparities in preterm birth and low birthweight in the State of Georgia: Results from the 2017‐2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Kondracki Anthony J. , Reddick Bonzo , Smith Betsy E. , Geller Pamela A. , Callands Tamora , Barkin Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo update the overall prevalence of preterm birth (PTB) (<37 weeks gestation) and low birthweight (LBW) (<2,500 g) in the State of Georgia, including rural and urban counties.MethodsA sample was drawn from the 2017‐2018 Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). In the complete‐case data of singleton births (n=1,258), we estimated the weighted percentage prevalence of PTB, LBW, early/late PTB, and moderately/very LBW subcategories in association with maternal sociodemographic characteristics, and the prevalence stratified by rural/urban county of residence. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of PTB and LBW adjusting for selected covariates. Logistic regression results from multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) were used for comparison.FindingsThe overall rate for PTB was 9.3% and 6.8% for LBW and among them, 2.3% were early PTB, 7.0% were late PTB, 5.4% were moderately LBW (MLBW), and 1.3% were very LBW (VLBW). Non‐Hispanic Black women had the highest prevalence of PTB, LBW, early PTB, MLBW, and VLBW, as well as PTB and LBW in urban counties and LBW in rural counties. The odds of PTB (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 0.81, 2.35) and LBW (aOR 2.68; 95% CI: 1.32, 5.43) were also higher among non‐Hispanic Black relative to non‐Hispanic White women and among women who received adequate‐plus prenatal care compared to inadequate prenatal care.ConclusionsSocioeconomic and health disparities created by disadvantage should be a focus of state policy to improve neonatal outcomes in the State of Georgia.
Effectiveness of FastFung agar in the isolation of Malassezia furfur from skin samples
Authors: Atsü Nilhan , Ergin Çağrı , Caf Nazlı , Türkoğlu Zafer , Döğen Aylin , İlkit Macit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts of the Malassezia genus can cause various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis and atopic dermatitis, and even life‐threatening fungemia in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. Routine mycological media used in clinical practice do not contain sufficient lipid ingredients required for the growth of Malassezia species. A recently developed medium, FastFung agar, is promising for culturing fastidious fungal species.MethodsIn this study, we compared FastFung agar and mDixon agar for culturing Malassezia species from nasolabial fold and retroauricular specimens of 83 healthy individuals and 187 and 57 patients with acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively.ResultsMalassezia species were identified using conventional tests and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. In total, 96 of 654 samples (14.6%) contained Malassezia species. The total isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (40.4%) than in healthy volunteers (21.7%; p < .05), and the rate of M. furfur isolation was significantly higher for patients with acne vulgaris (13.9%) and seborrheic dermatitis (24.6%) than for healthy individuals (1.5%; p < .05). FastFung agar was superior to mDixon agar in M. furfur isolation (p = .004) but showed similar performance in the case of non‐M. furfur species (p > .05). Among cultured Malassezia species, perfect agreement between mDixon agar and FastFung agar was found only for M. globosa (κ = 0.90).ConclusionOur results indicate that FastFung agar favours the growth of Malassezia species and should be useful in clinical mycology laboratories.
Encouraging healthier grocery purchases online: A randomised controlled trial and lessons learned
Authors: Bunten Amanda , Shute Becky , Golding Sarah E. , Charlton Caroline , Porter Lucy , Willis Zachary , Gold Natalie , Saei Ayoub , Tempest Bethan , Sritharan Nilani , Arambepola Rohan , Yau Amy , Chadborn Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnline supermarket platforms present an opportunity for encouraging healthier consumer purchases. A parallel, double‐blind randomised controlled trial tested whether promoting healthier products (e.g. lower fat and lower calorie) on the Sainsbury's online supermarket platform would increase purchases of those products. Participants were Nectar loyalty membership scheme cardholders who shopped online with Sainsbury's between 20th September and 10th October 2017. Intervention arm customers saw advertisement banners and recipe ingredient lists containing healthier versions of the products presented in control arm banners and ingredient lists. The primary outcome measure was purchases of healthier products. Additional outcome measures were banner clicks, purchases of standard products, overall purchases and energy (kcal) purchased. Sample sizes were small due to customers navigating the website differently than expected. The intervention encouraged purchases of some promoted healthier products (spaghetti [B = 2.10, p < 0.001], spaghetti sauce [B = 2.06, p < 0.001], spaghetti cheese [B = 2.45, p = 0.001], sour cream [B = 2.52, p < 0.001], fajita wraps [B = 2.10, p < 0.001], fajita cheese [B = 1.19, p < 0.001], bakery aisle products (B = 3.05, p = 0.003) and cola aisle products [B = 0.97, p < 0.002]) but not others (spaghetti mince, or products in the yogurt and ice cream aisles). There was little evidence of effects on banner clicks and energy purchased. Small sample sizes may affect the robustness of these findings. We discuss the benefits of collaborating to share expertise and implement a trial in a live commercial environment, alongside key learnings for future collaborative research in similar contexts.
Social communication therapy for children at risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties: Protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Godoy Priscilla B. G. , Shephard Elizabeth , Argeu Adriana , Silveira Leticia R. , Salomone Erica , Aldred Catherine , Green Jonathan , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Matijasevich Alicia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExposure to adverse environments are risk factors for neurodevelopmental problems in childhood. Children exposed to such environments may benefit from interventions that target social communication abilities, since these are protective factors for healthy neurodevelopment. This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of Paediatric Autism Communication Therapy (PACT) in improving social communication development in young children at risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties living in poverty in Brazil. Participants will be 160 children aged 2–4 years with lower‐than‐average social communication abilities and their primary caregivers. Child–caregiver dyads will be recruited from public childhood education centers in impoverished urban regions of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Lower‐than‐average social communication abilities will be defined by standard scores (≤84) on the socialization and/or communication domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Child–caregiver dyads will be randomized to receive 12 sessions of the PACT intervention (n = 80) or 5 months of community support as usual plus psychoeducation (n = 80). The primary outcome (parent–child interaction) and secondary outcomes (parent‐reported social communication abilities and neurophysiological activity during a live social interaction) will be measured pre‐ and postintervention. This study may lead to new interventions for vulnerable young children in Brazil and better understanding of the neural mechanisms of PACT.
Decreased moderate admission hypothermia in extremely preterm newborns
Authors: Harada Shinji , Iwatani Sota , Itani Hiromi , Yang Kyung Ok , Shimizu Shoki , Yoshimoto Seiji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdmission temperature is inversely correlated with mortality and morbidity risk in extremely preterm newborns (EPNs). As almost all EPNs require advanced resuscitation at birth, we improved a simple and comprehensive management protocol to reduce admission hypothermia. This study reports the changes over the past 15 years in the rate of admission hypothermia in all EPNs. It clarified the distribution of admission temperature and the risk factors for developing admission hypothermia in recent EPNs.MethodsThis single‐center study retrospectively analyzed the EPNs delivered at our institution between January 2006 and December 2020. The comprehensive management protocol, including warming equipment, plastic wrapping, aluminum‐polyethylene sheet, and room temperature, was applied to avoid heat loss during resuscitation. On admission, the rectal temperature was measured and defined as moderate (32.0–35.9 °C) or mild (36.0–36.4 °C) hypothermia.ResultsOverall (n = 432), the rate of admission with moderate hypothermia decreased from 48% in 2006 to 8% in 2020. In the recent evaluation of 80 EPNs delivered in 2017–2020, 10 (13%) and 26 (33%) had moderate and mild hypothermia on admission, respectively. Extremely preterm newborns with moderate‐to‐mild hypothermia had a significantly smaller gestational age and lower birthweight than those without hypothermia. No significant differences in the other perinatal and environmental risk factors were observed between EPNs with and without hypothermia.ConclusionsOur comprehensive management protocol reduced the rate of moderate hypothermia on admission in EPNs to only 13%. However, eliminating mild hypothermia remains a challenge and requires continuous improvement, especially in smaller EPNs.
Relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients: focus on personality and coping process
Authors: Fukunaga Hiroe , Sugawara Hiroko , Koyama Asuka , Okamoto Ken , Fukui Toshihiro , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Takebayashi Minoru , Sekiyama Kaoru , Hashimoto Mamoru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is associated with increased mortality. Therefore, it is important to manage delirium during the entire perioperative period. Preoperative anxiety is associated with poor prognosis in postoperative patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients (aged 65 years or older), considering the individual psychological characteristics, such as personality and stress coping skills in response to anxiety, as confounding factors.MethodsThis prospective study included patients aged >65 years in a preoperative state before undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Subjects were divided into two groups based on whether they experienced postoperative delirium, or not. We compared clinical and demographic factors, preoperative psychiatric and psychological factors, and intraoperative and perioperative physical factors between the control and delirium groups. Multiple imputations were used to account for missing data.ResultsOut of 168 subjects enrolled in this study, 26 (15.5%) developed postoperative delirium. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age (P = 0.027), cognitive function (P = 0.007), agreeableness (P = 0.029), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation‐II (APACHE‐II) score (P = 0.023) between the delirium and control groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis did not identify a significant association between preoperative anxiety and the onset of postoperative delirium. However, age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.114, P = 0.018), agreeableness (OR = 0.555, P = 0.008), and the APACHE‐II score (OR = 1.227, P = 0.008) were identified as risk factors for postoperative delirium.ConclusionAgreeableness, one of the personality traits associated with preoperative anxiety, appears to be involved in the development of postoperative delirium as an independent psychological factor, regardless of age or physical factors.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with sustained neurocognitive function during a prolonged inhibitory control task in young adults: An ERP study
Authors: Wu Chih‐Han , Nien Jui‐Ti , Lin Chi‐Yen , Li Ruei‐Hong , Chu Chien‐Heng , Kao Shih‐Chu , Chang Yu‐Kai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough beneficial associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function have been established, whether cardiorespiratory fitness is related to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of performance during a prolonged inhibitory control task remains unknown. Young adults, categorized into High and Low Fitness groups, completed a 60‐min Stroop task, while the N1 and P3 components of event‐related potentials were measured. The results showed that the High Fitness group demonstrated shorter response times, regardless of the Stroop task congruency or time‐on‐task, than Low Fitness group. The High Fitness group also exhibited larger P3 amplitudes than the Low Fitness group, but no differences in N1 amplitudes were observed. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness during young adulthood has beneficial effects on task performance and attention allocation during an inhibitory control task, and these benefits can be sustained for 60 min.
A Unifying Framework for Flexible Excess Hazard Modelling with Applications in Cancer Epidemiology
Authors: Eletti Alessia , Marra Giampiero , Quaresma Manuela , Radice Rosalba , Rubio Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExcess hazard modelling is one of the main tools in population-based cancer survival research. Indeed, this setting allows for direct modelling of the survival due to cancer even in the absence of reliable information on the cause of death, which is common in population-based cancer epidemiology studies. We propose a unifying link-based additive modelling framework for the excess hazard that allows for the inclusion of many types of covariate effects, including spatial and time-dependent effects, using any type of smoother, such as thin plate, cubic splines, tensor products and Markov random fields. In addition, this framework accounts for all types of censoring as well as left truncation. Estimation is conducted by using an efficient and stable penalized likelihood-based algorithm whose empirical performance is evaluated through extensive simulation studies. Some theoretical and asymptotic results are discussed. Two case studies are presented using population-based cancer data from patients diagnosed with breast (female), colon and lung cancers in England. The results support the presence of non-linear and time-dependent effects as well as spatial variation. The proposed approach is available in the R package GJRM.
Catheter salvage using revision for a peritoneal dialysis catheter with intractable exit site and/or tunnel infections
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Cho Kyu Hyang , Kim A Young , Do Jun Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn case of intractable exit site and/or tunnel infections, peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter removal and re‐insertion are recommended. Previous studies have reported the possibility of catheter salvage before removal, but they were either case‐series or had a small sample size.MethodsWe identified all incident patients with PD who underwent revision at a tertiary medical center. In intractable exit site and/or tunnel infections, we tried catheter revision using a method with cuff shaving, using an original catheter, and creating a new tunnel. Revision success was defined as complete remission over more than 1 month after revision. We evaluated the infection‐free and catheter survival rates.ResultsIn total, 52 patients with PD underwent revision. The median age at the time of revision in the patients undergoing PD was 51 (21) years. There were 43 (82.7%) cases of revision success. Infection‐free survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 57.0% and 35.1%, respectively. Catheter survival rates at 12 and 36 months were 72.5% and 56.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that catheter revision can be a useful bridging method for original catheter salvage before catheter removal in intractable exit site and/or tunnel infections.
Person matters in impersonality
Authors: Berro Ane , Odria Ane , Fernández Beatriz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Basque impersonal is a detransitivized construction where the internal argument is the only overt argument and the external argument, although semantically present, does not have any morphological reflex. This article argues that, despite its intransitive shape, the impersonal involves a particular kind of Voice projection that we termdefective. For case and agreement, being defective means having no uninterpretable ϕ features and no Case to assign. However, a silentpersonpronoun is introduced in its specifier position, and thus, there are two arguments within VoiceP. The two arguments compete to value the ϕ features of the next functional head, namely T. With this analysis we account for the main properties of the impersonal, such as the syntactic activeness of the implicit external argument and the person constraint on the internal argument.
Heimatobjekte: A Pedagogy Based on Material Culture to Promote Intercultural Competence
Authors: Lynn Claudia Baska , Strair Margaret 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe World‐Readiness Standards (The National Standards Collaborative Board, 2015) and the Can‐Do Statements (ACTFL, 2017) promote intercultural competence and understanding through relating cultural products to perspectives and practices. In response, numerous world languages curriculum proposals have convincingly demonstrated these entanglements. The primary investigative focus, however, often rests on perspectives and practices while casting products into a mostly supportive role. Yet products are ubiquitous, tenaciously situated at the nexus of language and cultural activities. Drawing on interdisciplinary, material‐culture‐based perspectives, the curriculum intervention described in this article outlines an instructional module for an intermediate German course that promotes intercultural competence by guiding learners in object inquiry to decode, relate, and transform the untranslatable concept ofHeimat.
Imagination as a Tool for Participation in Communities for Middle‐School German Students
Authors: Heidt Marium Abugasea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the goal of exploring a motivating way to approach world language teaching and learning in order to promote lifelong language learning, this article reports on a year‐long, collaborative action research study of two middle‐school German classes that used an imagined communities curriculum. The curriculum, co‐constructed with the classroom teacher, provided a way for the teacher to address the required content while helping students feel more connected with other target language speakers. Study findings show that students' feelings of connection to the target community were influenced by their perceived similarities or cultural differences with German speakers, their perceived language abilities, and their opportunities to communicate with, or be in proximity to, German speakers. Compared to their experiences with a conventional curriculum the year before, 36 of the 41 students found that the imagined‐communities‐infused curriculum activities helped them feel greater connection with, or ability to relate to, other speakers of German.
Impact of COVID‐19 on living donor liver and kidney transplantation programs in Japan in 2020
Authors: Kuramitsu Kaori , Yamanaga Shigeyoshi , Osawa Ryosuke , Hibi Taizo , Yoshikawa Mikiko , Toyoda Mariko , Shimata Keita , Yosuke Ebisu , Ono Minoru , Kenmochi Takashi , Sogawa Hiroshi , Natori Yoichiro , Yano Harumi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi , Yoshida Kazunari , Fukumoto Takumi , Yuzawa Kenji , Egawa Hiroto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many transplant programs have been forced to suspend living donor transplants due to the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), there are relatively few real‐time databases to assess center‐level transplant activities. We aimed to delineate the actual impact of COVID‐19 on living donor transplant programs and the resumption process in Japan.MethodsIn a nationwide survey, questionnaires were sent to 32 liver transplant programs that had performed at least more than one case of living donor liver transplantation in 2019 and 132 kidney transplant programs that had performed more than one living donor kidney transplantation in 2018.ResultsThirty‐one (96.9%) and 125 (94.7%) liver and kidney transplant programs responded, respectively. In the early pandemic period, 67.7% (21/31) of liver programs and 29.8% (37/125) of kidney programs were able to maintain transplant activities similar to those during the pre‐pandemic period. After temporal suspension, 58.1% of kidney programs resumed their transplant activity after the number of local COVID‐19 cases peaked. Establishing institutional COVID‐19 screening, triage, and therapeutic management protocols was mandatory to resume transplant activity for 64.5% and 67.7% of liver and kidney programs, respectively. In the future wave of COVID‐19, 67.7% of liver programs would be affected by institutional COVID‐19 intensive care unit‐bound patient numbers, and 55.7% of kidney programs would stop if hospital‐acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection spreads.Conclusions: This nationwide survey revealed for the first time how living donor liver and kidneytransplant programs changed in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a country where living donor transplantations are predominant.
miR398b and AtC2GnT form a negative feedback loop to regulate Arabidopsis thaliana resistance against Phytophthora parasitica
Authors: Gou Xiuhong , Zhong Chengcheng , Zhang Peiling , Mi Liru , Li Yilin , Lu Wenqin , Zheng Jie , Xu Junjie , Meng Yuling , Shan Weixing 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYOomycetes are diploid eukaryotic microorganisms that seriously threaten sustainable crop production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and corresponding natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are important regulators of multiple biological processes. However, little is known about their roles in plant immunity against oomycete pathogens. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of miR398b and its cis‐NAT, the core‐2/I‐branching beta‐1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene (AtC2GnT), in plant immunity. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays revealed that miR398b mediates Arabidopsis thaliana susceptibility to Phytophthora parasitica by targeting Cu/Zn‐Superoxidase Dismutase1 (CSD1) and CSD2, leading to suppressed expression of CSD1 and CSD2 and decreased plant disease resistance. We further showed that AtC2GnT transcripts could inhibit the miR398b–CSDs module via inhibition of pri‐miR398b expression, leading to elevated plant resistance to P. parasitica. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, RNA ligase‐mediated 5′‐amplification of cDNA ends (RLM‐5′ RACE), and transient expression assays indicated that miR398b suppresses the expression of AtC2GnT. We generated AtC2GnT‐silenced A. thaliana plants by CRISPR/Cas9 or RNA interference methods, and the Nicotiana benthamiana NbC2GnT‐silenced plants by virus‐induced gene silencing. Pathogenicity assays showed that the C2GnT‐silenced plants were more susceptible, while AtC2GnT‐overexpressing plants exhibited elevated resistance to P. parasitica. AtC2GnT encodes a Golgi‐localized protein, and transient expression of AtC2GnT enhanced N. benthamiana resistance to Phytophthora pathogens. Taken together, our results revealed a positive role of AtC2GnT and a negative regulatory loop formed by miR398b and AtC2GnT in regulating plant resistance to P. parasitica.