bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface image velocimetry: Aerial tracer particle distribution system and techniques for reducing environmental noise with coloured tracer particles
Authors: Biggs Hamish John , Smith Brendon , Detert Martin , Sutton Hamish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel aerial tracer particle distribution system has been developed. This system is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and flown upstream from where surface velocimetry measurements are conducted. Tracer particles can be rapidly deployed across the full channel width and distributed in a crescent shape (for larger channels), so that they reach the measurement cross section at a similar time. This enables surface velocimetry techniques to be applied in rivers and channels lacking sufficient natural tracer particles or surface features. Lack of tracers is a common problem during low flows, in lowland rivers, or in artificial channels. Techniques for colouring tracer particles with biodegradable dye have also been developed, along with methods for extracting them from Red Green Blue (RGB) imagery in the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) colour space. The use of coloured tracer particles enables flow measurements in situations where sunglint, surface waves, moving shadows or dappled lighting on riverbeds can interfere with and corrupt results using surface velocimetry techniques. These developments further expand the situations where surface velocimetry can be applied, as well as improving the accuracy of the results. The tracer particle distribution system has been successfully deployed in multiple rivers and canals in New Zealand and has enabled surface velocimetry measurements where they were not previously possible due to a lack of natural tracers.
Environmental sustainable development through modeling and ranking of influential factors of reference groups on consumer behavior of green products: The case of Iran
Authors: Sobhanifard Yaser , Hashemi Apourvari Seyed Mohammad Saleh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to extract, model, and rank reference groups on green consumer behavior to achieve environmentally sustainable development. This research was conducted in Iran in four stages. In the first stage, thematic factors were extracted through the research literature. These factors were expressed in 26 factors using expert opinions. A questionnaire containing 26 factors affecting the subject was designed in the second stage. This questionnaire was distributed among 404 people in the Iranian consumer community. In the third stage, the results of the questionnaires were reviewed, and the relevant model was presented using exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the factors were ranked using a neural network toolbox in MATLAB software and a random forest algorithm. Twenty‐six factors were extracted in the effect of reference groups on green consumer behavior. The results of the statistical sample showed the effect of these factors on the research topic. With studies performed by exploratory factor analysis, a model related to how factors affect the subject was presented in seven applied components. Finally, they were ranked to evaluate the effectiveness of the factors. This study attempts for the first time to investigate the impact of reference groups on green consumer behavior with such a wide range of factors to promote sustainable environmental development.
Nanomedicines Targeting Heat Shock Protein 90 Gene Expression in the Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Areeba B. S. , Nehal Rana B. S. , Wattoo Javed Iqbal , Alsaab Hashem O. , Alzhrani Rami M. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the globe among women. Nanotechnology has emerged recently to overcome the limitations of the traditional drug delivery system. Conventional chemotherapies have several side effects that damage the immune system and other organs. Several other cancer treatments cause the proliferation of normal cells, making them cancerous due to nonspecific targeting, inability to enter the core of the tumor, and poor solubility. To overcome the problems of chemotherapies, nanotechnology has come up with the direct killing of a tumor cell with fewer side effects. Nanoparticles are designed to recognize the cancer cells and provide accurate drug delivery without interacting with the healthy cells. The use of nanoparticles with anticancer drug therapies has shown promising effects in the killing of cancer cells. The major objective of this review is to discuss the role of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) in breast cancer and its treatment by targeted therapy via nanotechnology. This review covers research published since 2001 describing the nanotechnology mediated Hsp90 targeted breast cancer therapy.
Design, Synthesis, In‐Vivo Anti‐Diabetic Activity, In‐Vitro α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Ibrahim Albaraa , Sakr Helmy M. , Ayyad Rezk R. , Khalifa Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new series of quinazolinone bearing acetamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The designed compounds were tested for their in vivo anti‐hyperglycemic effects against STZ‐induced hyperglycemic rats. Compound 10 a displayed the strongest hypoglycemic effect with blood glucose level reduction of 43.75 %. Besides, congeners 10 e, 10 i, 10 j, and 11 c strongly reduced the glucose level with percent reduction of 33.08, 30.00, 35.00, and 32.83 %, respectively. The most active members were then evaluated for their ability to inhibit Saccharomyces cerevisiae α‐glucosidase using BioVision α‐Glucosidase Inhibitor Screening Kit. Compounds 10 a and 11 c possessed potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 649 and 715 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study against the α‐glucosidase homology model was performed to understand the molecular interactions between the molecule and enzyme.
Graphene Oxide as an Adsorbent for Ruthenium from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mohanty Biranchi Narayan , Yuvaraj Ramani , Jena Hrudananda , Ponraju Durairaj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method and its adsorption behavior towards ruthenium (III) from aqueous solution was studied w.r.t contact time, pH, ruthenium (III) concentration, GO dosage, temperature and ionic strength. The synthesized GO and ruthenium(III) adsorbed graphene oxide (Ru‐GO) were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy‐Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). Pseudo second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model were best fitted in terms of standard deviation and regression coefficient. Adsorption of ruthenium (III) was pH dependent and maximum removal occurred at pH=2 with Kd=2.468×103 mL. g−1. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°), Gibbs energy (ΔG°), activation energy (Ea) and sticking probability (SP*) were also calculated.Moreover, complete desorption of ruthenium (III) on GO could be achieved at an acidity of 8 M HNO3.
An integrated intervention combining cognitive‐behavioural stress management and progressive muscle relaxation improves immune biomarkers and reduces COVID‐19 severity and progression in patients with COVID‐19: A randomized control trial
Authors: Alawna Motaz , Mohamed Ayman A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a world disaster. In response to COVID‐19 quarantine, stress, anxiety, and depression may easily develop which negatively affect immunity and decrease the patient's response against the COVID‐19 virus. This study investigated the effect of an integrated intervention combining cognitive‐behavioural stress management (CBSM) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMRs) on immune biomarkers and disease severity and progression in patients with COVID‐19 and the period to which these changes last. Thirty patients with mild or moderate COVID‐19 were randomly distributed into intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed an integrated intervention combining CBSM and PMRs. There were three outcome measures including blood immune markers, salivary immunoglobulin A, and Wisconsin scale (WIS). Two‐week post‐intervention, there were significant differences between groups in the WIS total score, Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin‐6, and Immunoglobulin‐A. While there were non‐significant differences between both groups in Interleukin‐10 and TNF‐α. The significant differences between groups in the WIS total score, Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin‐6, and Immunoglobulin‐A significantly continued 1 week as a follow‐up. This study concluded that performing an integrated intervention combining CBSM and PMRs for 2 weeks significantly increases immune biomarkers mainly Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin‐10, and Interleukin‐6 along with S‐IgA. Also, this protocol significantly decreases disease severity and associated stress, anxiety, and depression; and enhances the quality of life in patients with COVID‐19. The study was retrospectively registered with NCT04998708.
Effective enhancement of intumescent flame retardant coating by coordinating manganese ions on cotton fabrics
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Ma Zhongying , Zhang Dan , Wang Yuhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe intumescent flame retardant coating consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly sodium phosphate has various drawbacks including poor water durability, inferior flame retardancy, and large consumption of nonrenewable raw resources. An intumescent fire retardant coating coordinating with manganese ions was designed onto the cotton fabrics surface by a layer‐by‐layer assembly method to solve these concerns. Energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the coating included well‐distributed manganese ions. The thermogravimetric measurement showed that after adding manganese ions into the coating, the decomposition of treated fabrics shifted towards a lower temperature and more char residues were formed due to the catalytic effect of manganese ions. Coated cotton fabrics with manganese ions yielded the most reduction in peak heat release rate and the highest rise in char residues, up to 69.1% and 34.7%, respectively, in microscale combustion calorimeter results. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the samples with manganese ions was the highest, up to 28.3% and the char layer was more intact and continuous after vertical combustion test. Scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that treated cotton fabrics with manganese ions had more bubbles and char residues on the fiber surface. These findings indicated that manganese ions coordination was responsible for the catalytic and synergistic effects. Furthermore, the coating containing manganese ions exhibited better water endurance owing to high‐LOI values even after rinsing. This work shows manganese ions into intumescent flame retardant coatings improves cotton fabrics flame retardancy and water resistance.
Data integration in causal inference
Authors: Shi Xu , Pan Ziyang , Miao Wang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntegrating data from multiple heterogeneous sources has become increasingly popular to achieve a large sample size and diverse study population. This article reviews development in causal inference methods that combines multiple datasets collected by potentially different designs from potentially heterogeneous populations. We summarize recent advances on combining randomized clinical trials with external information from observational studies or historical controls, combining samples when no single sample has all relevant variables with application to two‐sample Mendelian randomization, distributed data setting under privacy concerns for comparative effectiveness and safety research using real‐world data, Bayesian causal inference, and causal discovery methods.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Semiparametric Models
Applications of Computational Statistics > Clinical Trials
Probing scalar dark matter oscillations with neutrino oscillations
Authors: Losada Marta , Nir Yosef , Perez Gilad , Shpilman Yogev 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
If ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) exists and couples to neutrinos, it can be discovered via time-periodic variations in the neutrino mass and mixing parameters. We analyze the current bounds on such a scenario and establish the sensitivity expected for both time-averaged and time-resolved modulations in future neutrino oscillation experiments. We place a special emphasis in our analysis on time modulations of the CP violating mixing phase. We illustrate with a toy model the case where the leading modulation effect can be CP violating while the effect on CP conserving parameters is suppressed. We show a unique imprint that a time-averaged CP violating modulation of ULDM can leave in neutrino oscillations, while direct CP asymmetries vanish.
Forbidden scalar dark matter and dark Higgses
Authors: Wojcik George N. , Rizzo Thomas G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As experimental searches for WIMP dark matter continue to yield null results, models beyond the WIMP paradigm have proliferated in order to elude ever improving observational constraints, among them that of sub-GeV dark matter mediated by a massive vector portal (a dark photon) associated with a new dark U(1) gauge symmetry. It has been previously noted that for a significant range of the parameter space of this class of models, the annihilation of dark matter particles into a pair of dark photons can dominate the freeze-out process even when this process is kinematically forbidden for dark matter at rest — this is known as the “forbidden dark matter” (FDM) regime. Prior studies of this regime, however, assume that any “dark Higgs” associated with breaking the dark U(1) and imparting mass to the dark photon is decoupled from the dark matter and as such plays no role in the freeze-out process. In this paper, we explore the effects of a dark Higgs on sub-GeV dark matter phenomenology in this FDM regime by considering the simplest possible construction in which there exist non-trivial dark matter-dark Higgs couplings: a model with a single complex scalar DM candidate coupled directly to the dark Higgs field. We find that for a wide range of parameter space, the dark Higgs can alter the resulting relic abundance by many orders of magnitude, and that this effect can remain significant even for a small dark matter-dark Higgs coupling constant. Considering measurements from direct detection and measurements of the CMB, we further find that points in this model’s parameter space which recreate the appropriate dark matter relic abundance suffer only mild constraints from other sources at present, but may become accessible in near-future direct detection experiments.
Quantum nonequilibrium dynamics from Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations
Authors: Sedrakyan Tigran A. , Babujian Hrachya M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider a set of non-stationary quantum models. We show that their dynamics can be studied using links to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equations for correlation functions in conformal field theories. We specifically consider the boundary Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model, where equations for correlators of primary fields are defined by an extension of KZ equations and explore the links to dynamical systems. As an example of the workability of the proposed method, we provide an exact solution to a dynamical system that is a specific multi-level generalization of the two-level Landau-Zenner system known in the literature as the Demkov-Osherov model. The method can be used to study the nonequilibrium dynamics in various multi-level systems from the solution of the corresponding KZ equations.
Etablierte Klassifikationssysteme der posterioren Malleolus-Fraktur
Authors: Müller Elena , Terstegen Julia , Kleinertz Holger , Weel Hanneke , Frosch Karl‑Heinz , Barg Alexej , Schlickewei Carsten 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Frakturen des posterioren Malleolus finden sich bei fast 50 % aller Sprunggelenkfrakturen. Die hohe klinische Relevanz dieser Gelenkfrakturen erklärt sich durch das deutlich schlechtere klinische sowie funktionelle Outcome. Bis heute mangelt es an einer einheitlichen Lehrmeinung bezüglich Klassifikation und Behandlung dieser Frakturen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Intention dieser Arbeit war eine systematische Literaturübersicht über klinische Studien, welche posteriore Malleolus-Frakturen untersucht und mit einer der 3 etablierten Klassifikationen nach Haraguchi, Bartonicek/Rammelt oder Mason klassifiziert haben.

Material und Methoden
Die Datenbank PubMed wurde vollständig am 01.07.2021 durchsucht. Nur Publikationen in englischer und deutscher Sprache wurden eingeschlossen. Die systematische Literatursuche wurde entsprechend den aktuellen Kriterien von „Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses“ (PRISMA) durchgeführt. Die methodologische Qualität der eingeschlossenen Studien wurde anhand des modifizierten Coleman-Scores quantifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 27 Studien mit insgesamt 2220 Patienten konnten in die systematische Literaturübersicht eingeschlossen werden. Trimalleolarfrakturen zeigten dabei eine deutlich ungünstigere Prognose als andere OSG-Frakturen. Prognostisch entscheidend für das klinische Outcome war v. a. die Qualität der Reposition.

Diskussion
Keine der 3 untersuchten Klassifikationen konnte sich bisher in der Fachliteratur durchsetzen. Speziell im Hinblick auf einen ableitbaren Therapiealgorithmus oder auf eine Prognose hinsichtlich des Outcome sind die untersuchten Klassifikationen schwach oder nicht zu verwenden. Einzig die Klassifikation nach Bartonicek/Rammelt ist geeignet, sich aufgrund des ableitbaren Therapiealgorithmus in der Literatur sowie im klinischen Alltag durchzusetzen.
From Graph Cuts to Isoperimetric Inequalities: Convergence Rates of Cheeger Cuts on Data Clouds
Authors: García Trillos Nicolás , Murray Ryan , Thorpe Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work we study statistical properties of graph-based clustering algorithms that rely on the optimization of balanced graph cuts, the main example being the optimization of Cheeger cuts. We consider proximity graphs built from data sampled from an underlying distribution supported on a generic smooth compact manifold$${\mathcal {M}}$$M. In this setting, we obtain high probability convergence rates for both the Cheeger constant and the associated Cheeger cuts towards their continuum counterparts. The key technical tools are careful estimates of interpolation operators which lift empirical Cheeger cuts to the continuum, as well as continuum stability estimates for isoperimetric problems. To the best of our knowledge the quantitative estimates obtained here are the first of their kind.
Predictive value of immediate pain relief after lumbar transforaminal epidural injection with local anesthetics and steroids for single level radiculopathy
Authors: Germann Christoph , Götschi Tobias , Sutter Reto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the predictive value of immediate pain-relief after CT-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) including local anesthetics for longer-term pain relief and patients’ global impression of change (PGIC) after 4 weeks.

Materials and methods
One hundred ninety-three patients (age 55.4 ± 14.9) with single-level discogenic lumbar radiculopathy and subsequent TFESI were included. Pain scores were recorded before (NRS0), 15 min (NRS15min), and 4 weeks (NRS4w) after treatment using a numerical-rating-scale (NRS; 0, no pain; 10, intolerable pain). Additionally, the PGIC was assessed after 4 weeks. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated nerve compression of the injected level and contrast dispersion. Spearman’s rank and point-biserial correlation were applied to assess associations between outcome variables and demographics/imaging findings. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
There was a significant positive correlation between immediate pain-relief and longer-term pain-reduction (r = 0.24, p = 0.001) with an odds ratio of 2.0 (CI: 1.1–3.6). A good short-term response (NRS15min ≥ 50% reduction) was associated with a persistent longer-term good response (NRS4w ≥ 50% reduction) in 59.7% (CI: 50.9–68.0%) of patients. There was no association between short-term pain-relief and PGIC after 4 weeks (p = 0.18). Extent and location of nerve compression and contrast dispersion during TFESI did not correlate with longer-term pain-relief (all p ≥ 0.07).

Conclusion
Our results indicate a significant positive correlation between immediate post-procedural and longer-term pain relief after TFESI in patients with lumbar radiculopathy; however, no effect of short-term pain relief is seen on PGIC after 4 weeks. Patients with good longer-term outcome (≥ 50% pain reduction) are twice as likely to have already shown good immediate pain reduction after TFESI.
‘Old wine in a new bottle’: conceptualization of biodiversity offsets among environmental practitioners in Uganda
Authors: Kigonya Ritah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiodiversity offsets are increasingly adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of development activities on biodiversity. However, in practice, there are inconsistencies in how biodiversity offsets are understood and implemented. Based on interviews with environmental practitioners, the study sought to explore the conceptual understanding of biodiversity offsets among personnel involved in the design and implementation of offset schemes in Uganda. The study employed a ‘technical use analysis’ to seek personal interpretation and operationalization of the concept of biodiversity offsets. The results revealed that the concept tends to be simplified and adjusted to individual, project, and country contexts. The respondents had varied perceptions of biodiversity offsets in practice as compared to the theoretical concept. Biodiversity offsets were classified under five terms: trade-offs, payments, substitutes, compensations, and mitigation measures. The terms were derived from perceived inability of the measure to attain no net loss, and similarities of biodiversity components and services across impact and offset sites. Biodiversity offsets were thus considered no different from ordinary environmental conservation measures, contributing nothing unique to the conservation agenda. The study concludes that widespread implementation of biodiversity offsets under prevailing perceptions will escalate biodiversity loss. The study recommends emphasis on attaining no net loss through implementing outcome-based offsets as opposed to purpose-based offsets, that require delivering of ‘no net loss’ gains prior to projects being considered biodiversity offsets.
CIRSE Standards of Practice on Bronchial Artery Embolisation
Authors: Kettenbach Joachim , Ittrich Harald , Gaubert Jean Yves , Gebauer Bernhard , Vos Jan Albert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis CIRSE Standards of Practice document is aimed at interventional radiologists and provides best practices for performing bronchial artery embolisation to effectively treat haemoptysis. It has been developed by an expert writing group established by the CIRSE Standards of Practice Committee.