bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostratigraphy and biofacies of the Kasimovian conodonts from the Shanglong section, South China
Authors: Hu Keyi , Wang Xiangdong , Qi Yuping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Late Moscovian–early Gzhelian conodonts occur abundantly in a newly discovered slope section, the Shanglong section, southern Guizhou, South China. The conodont fauna is dominated by P1 elements of
Idiognathodus
and associated with elements of
Swadelina
,
Streptognathodus
and
Heckelina
. A total of 62 species, including species in open nomenclature, were identified, which are assigned to eight genera. Index conodont species of Middle and Late Pennsylvanian, e.g.
I. podolskensis
Group,
Sw.
sp. A,
Sw
.
subexcelsa
,
Sw
.
makhlinae
,
I
.
heckeli
,
I
.
magnificus
,
I
.
guizhouensis
,
H. eudoraensis
,
I
.
naraoensis
, and
H
.
simulator
are all recovered, and their 10 conodont zones are recognized. The richness and abundance of the conodonts throughout the section are analysed. Conodont richness ranges from 1 to 14 and is positively related to conodont abundance (1–379). The composition of conodont elements, i.e. sinistral v. dextral, P1 v. non-P1 and adult v. subadult and juvenile, is presented. The numerical cluster technique is employed to identify four subbiofacies of the slope setting, namely the
I
.
podolskensis
,
Swadelina
,
I. swadei–magnificus
and
Streptognathodus
–
Heckelina–Idiognathodus
subbiofacies.
Development of Fermented Sweet Potato Flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) Supplemented with Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Meal-Based Biscuits
Authors: Mouafo Hippolyte Tene , Yadang Germaine , Sibozo Gabrielle Ofakem , Dibacto Ruth Edwige Kemadjou , Kenfack Laurette Blandine Mezajoug 
Published: October 2022

The fermentation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) with a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum leads to an increase in its exopolysaccharides (EPS) content which is useful for enhancing the functional properties of flour. The objective of this study was to develop healthy and nutritious meal-based biscuits from fermented sweet potato (FSP) flour supplemented with mackerel flour. Eleven formulations containing wheat flour, FSP flour, nonfermented sweet potato (NFSP) flour, and mackerel flour at different proportions defined following a mixture design were used to prepare biscuits. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses of the different biscuits were performed. Biscuits prepared with FSP at 100% scored the lowest lipid (

10.83
±
0.97

g
/
100

g

DM

) and the highest sugar (

67.43
±
0.64

g
/
100

g

DM

) contents. The incorporation of mackerel flour in the formulation led to a significant (

p
<
0.05

) increase in the protein and mineral contents of biscuits thus conferring an immune-boosting property to these latters. All the biscuits were of good microbiological quality independent of the formulation. The highest DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (IC50 of 1.90 and 3.41 μg/mL for ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively) were observed with biscuits prepared with FSP flour at 100%. The sensorial characteristics of biscuits prepared with equal proportions of wheat and FSP flours were highly appreciated by the panelists with scores close to the ones prepared with wheat flour at 100%. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of FSP flour as a substitute for wheat flour in biscuits preparation. It also suggests biscuits prepared with FSP flour supplemented with mackerel flour as a functional and immune-boosting food.
KDM6A Loss Recruits Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Jin Lin , Kim Hong Sun , Tian Feng , Yi Zhujun , Bedi Karan , Ljungman Mats , Pasca di Magliano Marina , Crawford Howard , Shi Jiaqi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) is a frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the impact of KDM6A loss on the PDAC tumor immune microenvironment is not known. This study used a genetically engineered, pancreas-specific Kdm6a knockout (KO) PDAC mouse model and human PDAC tissue samples to demonstrate that KDM6A loss correlates with increased tumor-associated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation, which are known to contribute to PDAC progression. Genome-wide bromouridine sequencing analysis to evaluate nascent RNA synthesis showed that the expression of many chemotactic cytokines, especially CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), was upregulated in KDM6A KO PDAC cells. KDM6A-deficient PDAC cells secreted higher levels of CXCL1 protein, which in turn recruited neutrophils. Furthermore, in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model, treatment with a CXCL1 neutralizing antibody blocked the chemotactic and NET-promoting properties of KDM6A-deficient PDAC cells and suppressed tumor growth, confirming CXCL1 as a key mediator of chemotaxis and PDAC growth driven by KDM6A loss. These findings shed light on how KDM6A regulates the tumor immune microenvironment and PDAC progression and suggests that the CXCL1–CXCR2 axis may be a candidate target in PDAC with KDM6A loss.

Significance:
KDM6A loss in pancreatic cancer cells alters the immune microenvironment by increasing CXCL1 secretion and neutrophil recruitment, providing a rationale for targeting the CXCL1–CXCR2 signaling axis in tumors with low KDM6A.
Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among US Women Ages 30–64 Years
Authors: Sokale Itunu O. , Montealegre Jane R. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cervical cancer screening (CCS) participation has decreased in the United States over the last several decades, contributing to cervical cancer's sustained incidence and mortality. This study examined recent trends and racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS uptake among US women.

Methods:
We analyzed combined data from the 2016 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and included 235,713 women ages 30 to 64 years without a hysterectomy. We used simple linear regression to assess trends over time and multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in predictors of up-to-date CCS.

Results:
We found little change in CCS over the 5-year interval and screening rates disparities among racial minority women. The overall population showed stable CCS completion rates from 2016 to 2018 (84.2% vs. 84.6%), and then a small dip from 2018 to 2020 (from 84.6% to 83.3%). Despite a slight decline in 2020, HPV-based testing increased significantly among all subgroups and overall, from 2016 to 2020 (from 43.4% to 52.7%). Multivariable regression models showed racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS. Across all racial/ethnic subgroups, older women were less likely to receive timely screening. Women who had routine check-ups had higher odds of being up to date. However, the link between CCS and socioeconomic status varied.

Conclusions:
Age and racial/ethnic disparities persist in CCS, and predictors of screening vary. Notwithstanding, routine health examinations was positively associated with screening regardless of race/ethnicity.

Impact:
Our analyses suggest that leveraging primary care to optimize CCS uptake may reduce gaps in screening.
Brain Metastasis from HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: An Evolving Landscape
Authors: Soffietti Riccardo , Pellerino Alessia 
Published: October 2022

SummaryTrastuzumab deruxtecan is a HER2-directed antibody–drug conjugate with ability to cross the blood–tumor barrier and activity on brain metastases. To test the activity of new drugs, patient-derived xenograft models from human brain metastases and phase 0 and window-of-opportunity trials are of utmost importance.See related article by Kabraji et al., p. 174
Downregulation of iNOS/NO Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Du Qiang , Liu Silvia , Dong Kun , Cui Xiao , Luo Jing , Geller David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death in patients with colorectal cancer. Although inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a crucial regulator of cancer development and progression, its roles in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the pathogenesis of metastatic colorectal cancer have not been fully investigated. Primary colorectal cancer and liver metastatic tissue specimens were analyzed showing 90% of liver metastatic colorectal cancer with reduced expressions of iNOS compared with 6% of primary colorectal cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas database analyses via cBioPortal reveal that mRNA expression of iNOS negatively correlated with selected EMT markers in colorectal cancer in a cancer type–dependent manner. The transcriptomic profiling (RNA sequencing data) indicates that iNOS knockdown in SW480 colorectal cancer cells induced an EMT program with upregulated expression of selected stem-cell markers. iNOS knockdown did not alter E-cadherin mRNA expression but re-localized it from membrane to cytoplasm through iNOS-GATA4-Crb2-E-cadherin pathway. iNOS knockdown induced a change in cell morphology, and promoted cell invasion and migration in vitro, and metastasis in vivo.

Implications:
iNOS downregulation-induced pathway networks mediate the EMT program and metastasis. As an EMT inducer, the reduced-iNOS may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with colorectal cancer.
Prospective Evaluation of the Correlation Between Gated Cardiac Computed Tomography Detected Vascular Fibrosis and Ease of Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Patel Divyang , Vatterott Pierce , Piccini Jonathan , Epstein Laurence M. , Hakmi Samer , Syed Imran , Koweek Lynne M. , Bolen Michael , Schoenhagen Paul , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Francis Nathan , Shao Mingyuan , Wilkoff Bruce L. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Difficulty of lead extraction does not track well with procedural complications, but several small retrospective studies have lead fibrosis on computed tomography as an important indicator of difficult lead extraction. The purpose of the present study was to apply a standardized gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) protocol to assess fibrosis and study it prospectively to examine the need for powered sheaths and risk outcomes.

Methods:
We performed a prospective, blinded, multicenter, international study at high-volume lead extraction centers and included patients referred for transvenous lead extraction with at least one lead with a dwell time >1 year and ability to receive a cardiac CT. The degree of fibrosis (as measured by amount of lead adherence to vessel wall) was graded on a scale of 1 to 4 by dedicated CT readers in 3 zones (vein entry to superior vena cava, superior vena cava, and right atrium to lead tip). The primary outcome of the study was number of extractions requiring powered sheaths at zone 2 for each fibrosis group.

Results:

A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the trial with 196 completing full gated CT and lead extraction analysis. The primary endpoint of powered sheath (laser and mechanical) sheath use was significantly higher in patients with higher fibrosis seen on CT (scores 3+4; 67.8%) at the zone 2 compared to patients with lower fibrosis (scores 1+2; 38.6%;
P
<0.001). There were 5 major complications with 3 vascular lacerations all occurring in zone 2 in the study.

Conclusions:
Gated, contrasted CT can predict the need for powered sheaths by identification of fibrosis but did not identify an absolute low-risk cohort who would not need powered sheaths.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03772704.
Notch Signaling Mediates Radiation-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Hypermuscularization and Cerebral Vasculopathy
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Li Honghong , Xu Yongteng , Xie Jiatian , Liu Qiang , Shi Zhongshan , Huang Jialin , Cheng Jinping , Chen Siqi , Chen Sitai , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Shaojian , Zhang Zhan , Cai Jinhua , He Baixuan , Lin Wei-Jye , Shen Qingyu , Li Yi , Tang Yamei 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Emerging evidence highlighted vascular injury in aggravating radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), a common complication of radiotherapy. This study aimed to delineate the pathological feature of cerebral small vessel and investigate the functional roles of Notch signaling in RIBI.

Methods:
Brain tissue and functional MRI from RIBI patients were collected and analyzed for radiation-induced vasculopathy. A RIBI mouse model was induced by a single dose of 30-Gy cranial irradiation. Vascular morphology, pulsatility, and reactivity to pharmacological interventions, such as nimodipine and 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid, were monitored by 2-photon imaging in mice at 6 weeks postirradiation. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral tests were performed. The effect of N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester, a Notch inhibitor, was used to investigate the vascular pathogenesis of RIBI mouse model.

Results:
Morphologically, radiation resulted in vascular malformation featured by focal contractile rings together with general stenosis. Functionally, radiation also led to hypoperfusion, attenuated vascular pulsatility, and decreased dilation to nimodipine and 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid. Mechanically, Notch activation and increased expression of α-SMA protein were found in both surgical specimens of RIBI patients and the irradiated mice. Importantly, Notch inhibition by N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester significantly alleviated cerebral hypoperfusion, vasculopathy, and cognitive deficits in the RIBI mouse model.

Conclusions:
Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy showed bead-like shape and increased contractile state. Inhibition of Notch signaling by N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester effectively attenuated vasculopathy and relieved cognitive impairment, suggesting Notch signaling as a therapeutic target for the treatment of RIBI.
Neural Correlates of Naturally Occurring Speech Errors during Picture Naming in Healthy Participants
Authors: Volfart Angelique , McMahon Katie L. , Howard David , de Zubicaray Greig I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most of our knowledge about the neuroanatomy of speech errors comes from lesion-symptom mapping studies in people with aphasia and laboratory paradigms designed to elicit primarily phonological errors in healthy adults, with comparatively little evidence from naturally occurring speech errors. In this study, we analyzed perfusion fMRI data from 24 healthy participants during a picture naming task, classifying their responses into correct and different speech error types (e.g., semantic, phonological, omission errors). Total speech errors engaged a wide set of left-lateralized frontal, parietal, and temporal regions that were almost identical to those involved during the production of correct responses. We observed significant perfusion signal decreases in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) for semantic errors compared to correct trials matched on various psycholinguistic variables. In addition, the left dorsal caudate nucleus showed a significant perfusion signal decrease for omission (i.e., anomic) errors compared with matched correct trials. Surprisingly, we did not observe any significant perfusion signal changes in brain regions proposed to be associated with monitoring mechanisms during speech production (e.g., ACC, superior temporal gyrus). Overall, our findings provide evidence for distinct neural correlates of semantic and omission error types, with anomic speech errors likely resulting from failures to initiate articulatory–motor processes rather than semantic knowledge impairments as often reported for people with aphasia.
Not Every Thing Must Go
Authors: Boone Trey , Van Rooy Nina , De Brigard Felipe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In The Entangled Brain, Pessoa criticizes standard approaches in cognitive neuroscience in which the brain is seen as a functionally decomposable, modular system with causal operations built up hierarchically. Instead, he advocates for an emergentist perspective whereby dynamic brain networks are associated, not with traditional psychological categories, but with behavioral functions characterized in evolutionary terms. Here, we raise a number of concerns with such a radical approach. We ultimately believe that although much revision to cognitive neuroscience is welcome and needed, Pessoa's more radical proposals may be counterproductive.
Prefrontal and Medial Temporal Lobe Cortical Contributions to Visual Short-Term Memory
Authors: Wu Zhemeng , Buckley Mark J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A number of recent studies have indicated that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a critical role in working memory (WM) and perception, but these results have been highly controversial given the traditional association of MTL with long-term memory. We review the research and highlight important factors that need to be considered in determining the role of MTL in WM including set-size of used stimuli and feature complexity and/or feature conjunctions/bindings embedded in those stimuli. These factors relate to hierarchical and, accordingly, domain-specific theories of functional organization within the temporal lobe. In addition, one must consider process-specific theories too, because two key processes commonly understood to contribute recognition memory, namely, recollection and familiarity, also have robust support from neurophysiological and neuroimaging research as to their functional dissociations within MTL. PFC has long been heavily implicated in WM; however, relatively less is known about how the PFC contributes to recollection and familiarity, although dynamic prefrontal coding models in WM may help to explain their neural mechanisms. The MTL and PFC are heavily interconnected and do not operate independently in underlying WM. We propose that investigation of the interactions between these two regions in WM, particularly their coordinated neural activities, and the modeling of such interactions, will be crucial for the advancing understanding of the neural mechanisms of WM.
Bridging the Norms of Counter-Terrorism and Responsibility to Protect: Countering the Proliferation and Activities of Armed Groups in Nigeria
Authors: Iyekekpolo Wisdom Oghosa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do we achieve the protection of vulnerable civilians from violent non-state actors in Nigeria? This article argues that despite the seemingly different approaches of Responsibility to Protect (r2p) and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, both can align at an intrastate implementation level to protect exposed communities from armed groups. The UN’s adoption of a people-centric approach to counter-terrorism (ct) and the preventive measures against heinous crimes instituted in pillars one and two of r2p creates the space for this cooperation. This article further shows how practitioners can integrate both regimes with local networks to provide a holistic civilian protection strategy. This approach encompasses international, state, and local agency in halting the proliferation and activities of violent non-state groups. I espouse a framework for the protection of vulnerable Nigerian populations based on three factors – community self-protection, economic well-being, and ideological reorientation.
Exercise Task Characteristics Influence Time Perception During Vigorous Exercise
Authors: Moore Andrew R. , Olson Maddie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The passage of time is observed subjectively, and changes rate based on attentional or physiological stimuli. Self-adjusted exercise typically leads to the experience that time is progressing more slowly than it really is, but only when intensity is sufficiently high. This study was designed to determine if high exercise intensity at a fixed work rate would lead to differences in subjective timing. Subjects (26 total; 17 men/ 9 women) completed a maximal exercise test on a Velotron cycle ergometer until volitional exhaustion. A time production task was completed at baseline prior to exercise, and during each 3-min stage. Heart rate (HR) was assessed continuously. Time perception ratio (actual time divided by perceived time) was compared at baseline, during light exercise (40 W), and during the first stage at which age-predicted HRmax was considered vigorous (76–90% HRmax), using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the ANOVA was significant, F1.63,39 = 6.19, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.21. Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparisons showed that the time perception ratio was higher during vigorous exercise (1.21 ± 0.34) compared to baseline (1.06 ± 0.19; p = 0.028) and light (1.09 ± 0.27; p = 0.048) exercise. Unlike several similar studies finding that subjective time increases at higher exercise intensities, the results of this study indicate the opposite effect at a fixed vigorous-intensity work rate. The motivational nature of the task and unique attentional factors associated with it are likely explanations for the deviation from earlier reports.
Producing Knowledge of the Sea Coast: Marine Life and a Tang Geographical Miscellany of Lingnan
Authors: Feng Linda Rui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on a collection of writing about the Lingnan region (present-day region of Guangdong and Guangxi) that grapples with a world beyond the shore in south China in the late medieval era. The Records of the Unusual from Lingnan (Ling biao lu yi 嶺表錄異) by Liu Xun 劉恂 (fl. 880s) details abundant marine life in the coastal Lingnan area (including Hainan Island), features several extensive accounts of seafaring and shipwreck, and is interspersed with entries on the crafts of boat-making, ethnography of coastal dwellers and other maritime peoples. This article places this collection in the context of a larger process of producing geographical knowledge, and investigates the sources and orientations for such evolving knowledge of the coastal world and its connection to the sea.