bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom Made Device for Removal of Removable Partial Denture in a Patient with Manual Impairment
Authors: Touloumi Foteini , Suvarna Shivani , Florentine Catherine M. , Taylor Thomas D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractManual impairment could be part of the clinical presentation of a number of systemic conditions or traumas. Inability to successfully remove a removable partial denture is one of the contraindications of this type of treatment. This report presents a technique for fabrication of a custom device made chairside to assist a manually impaired patient due to osteoarthritis with the removal of a removable mandibular prosthesis. This technique could allow patients with similar conditions to replace their missing teeth with removable partial dentures, in cases where a fixed restoration is not an option.
“Shake well before using”: The dialectics of Michael Silverstein (1945–2020)
Authors: Inoue Miyako 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMichael Silverstein, the Charles F. Grey Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology, Linguistics, and Psychology at the University of Chicago, passed away on Friday, July 17, 2020, after a year‐long battle with brain cancer. This tribute essay reflects upon Silverstein's distinguished contributions to contemporary linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics.
A novel adiponectin receptor agonist (AdipoAI) ameliorates type 2 diabetes‐associated periodontitis by enhancing autophagy in osteoclasts.
Authors: Wu Xingwen , Sun Yang , Cui Renjie , Qiu Wei , Zhang Jin , Hu Zhekai , Bi Wei , Yang Fei , Ma Duan , Van Dyke Thomas , Tu Qisheng , Yu Youcheng , Chen Jake 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveType 2 diabetes (T2D)‐associated periodontitis is severe and refractory in many cases. Considered an inflammatory disease, T2D predisposes to periodontitis by increasing whole‐body inflammation. One mechanism of increased inflammation is thatT2D is mediated by loss of production or function of the anti‐inflammatory hormone adiponectin. In our previous report, AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, and AdipoAI, a newly discovered, more specific agonist, attenuated T2D‐associated inflammation by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and LPS‐induced endotoxemia. Autophagy plays an important role during osteoclast differentiation and function. The impact of AdipoAI on osteoclast function and autophagy involved in osteoclastogenesis is not known. Here, we compare AdipoRon and AdipoAI potency, side effects and mechanism of action in T2D‐associated periodontitis.MethodsThe RAW 264.7 cell line was used for in vitro studies. We analyzed the potential cytotoxicity of AdipoAI using the CCK‐8 assay. The anti‐osteoclastogenic potential of AdipoAI was studied by real‐time qPCR and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining. The actions of AdipoAI involved in autophagy were tested by real‐time qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In the diet‐induced obesity model of T2D, we investigated the impact of AdipoAI on fasting blood glucose, alveolar bone loss, and gingival inflammation in mice with experimental periodontitis.ResultsAdipoRon inhibited osteoclastogenesis and AdipoAI inhibited osteoclastogenesis at lower doses than AdipoRon without any cytotoxicity. In DIO mice with experimental periodontitis, AdipoAI reduced mouse body weight in 14 days, reducing fasting glucose levels, alveolar bone destruction, osteoclast number along the alveolar bone surface, and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors in periodontal tissues. AdipoAI and AdipoRon also enhanced LC3A/B expression when cultured with RANKL.3‑Methyladenine, a known autophagy inhibitor, decreased LC3A/B expression and reversed the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis during AdipoAI treatment.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that AdipoAI ameliorates the severity of T2D‐associated periodontitis by enhancing autophagy in osteoclasts at lower doses than AdipoRon without demonstrable side effects. Thus, AdipoAI has pharmaceutical potential for treating diabetes‐associated periodontal disease.
Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Montalvo Mayra , Nallapaneni Padmini , Hassan Sara , Nurko Samuel , Pittock Sean J. , Khlevner Julie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility (AGID) is a limited form of dysautonomia that can be paraneoplastic or idiopathic. Some presentations can be preceded by a viral infection.MethodsWe report a case of a 17‐year‐old girl that developed intractable nausea and early satiety after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Key resultsOver ten months, she required nasogastric and nasoduodenal tube feedings and finally was advanced to total parenteral nutrition to meet her caloric needs. Her α3 nicotinic ganglionic acetylcholine and anti‐striational antibodies were mildly elevated.Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy studies showed delayed gastric emptying and slowed small bowel transit. Thermoregulatory sweat test showed areas of anhidrosis consistent with autonomic sudomotor impairment. After IVIG treatment the patient's symptoms improved dramatically and she was able to tolerate full oral diet. This was reflected by improvement of her baseline transit studies and the thermoregulatory sweat test.Conclusions and inferencesThis is the first report of AGID occurring after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The dramatic response to IVIG emphasizes the importance of early recognition and the reversible and treatable nature of this condition.
Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females
Authors: Delaney Kerri Z. , Santosa Sylvia 
Published: January 2022

SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin‐resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
Keratosis pilaris in collagen type VI‐related disorders
Authors: Ritter Alexandra M. , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKeratosis pilaris is a common skin condition associated with a number of syndromes, including collagen type VI‐related disorders. Our patient, recently diagnosed with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, presented with severe keratosis pilaris, hypotonia, and velvety skin on the palms and soles. We present this case to highlight the importance of including cutaneous findings, such as keratosis pilaris, to aid in the diagnosis when evaluating patients with syndromic features.
Investigating “man’s relation to reality”: Peter Winch, the vanishing shed and metaphysics after Wittgenstein
Authors: Lagerspetz Olli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeter Winch believed that the central task of philosophy was to investigate ‘the force of the concept of reality’ in human practices. This involved creative dialogue with critical metaphysics. In ‘Ceasing to Exist’, Winch considered what it means to judge that something unheard‐of has happened. Referring to Wittgenstein, Winch argued that judgments concerning reality must relate our observations to a shared ‘flow of life’. This implies criticism of the form of epistemology associated with metaphysical realism. Just as, according to Wittgenstein, a sentence has no fixed meaning in isolation, an observation does not constitute knowledge outside shared human practices.
Community‐based multiple screening for metabolic syndrome by innovative theory: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lien Angela Shin‐Yu , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng , Fann Jean Ching‐Yuan , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Yeh Mei Chang , Lou Meei‐Fang , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Gau Bih‐Shya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to elucidate whether metabolic syndrome affects the rate of adoption of a new multiple cancer screening programme, based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory. The time to attend the screening programme, conducted in Keelung, Taiwan, within 10 years was assessed by innovativeness (innovators, early adaptors, early majority, late majority and laggard) using data from 79,303 residents, with the information on metabolic syndrome accrued from routine adult health check‐ups. The median time of adopting the programme and the relative rates of early adoption by metabolic syndrome and its severity score were estimated. The results show that the estimated times to adopt the programme ranged from 3 months for innovators to 10 years for the laggard. The rate of early adoption was 34% higher for participants without metabolic syndrome than for those with the disease, and the gradient relationship of disease severity was noted. The adjusted median time to adopt innovativeness was 0.82 years earlier for participants who were disease‐free than those with the disease. Meanwhile, the adjusted median time was wider by up to 2.25 years for those with severe disease. The study suggests that innovation should prioritise the potential risk of the metabolic syndrome population.
Pharmacy and medical student interprofessional education placement week
Authors: Jebara Tesnime , Thomas Ian , Cunningham Scott , Rushworth Gordon F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping collaborative practice through interprofessional education (IPE) activities in undergraduate healthcare curricula is advocated by the World Health Organisation and the regulatory bodies for Medicine and Pharmacy within the UK.ApproachOur local faculty, comprising educators from within the Highland Pharmacy Education and Research Centre (HPERC) and Highland Medical Education Centre (HMEC), developed a 5‐day IPE placement for pharmacy and medical students on clinical placement within NHS Highland.EvaluationWe collected qualitative evaluation data using face‐to‐face focus group discussions with five pharmacy and four medical students (January 2020 cohort). Three key categories and multiple themes within each category were identified from participant narratives: Category 1, overall perception of experience—(themes: better than previous IPE experience; greater exposure to clinical pharmacy); Category 2, student interactions—(themes: learning with a buddy; understanding of interprofessional roles); Category 3, suggestions for improvement—(themes: choice of relevant clinical rotation and content; increase learning from clinical pharmacists; better orientation to placement). Overall, students valued their participation during this week and reported many benefits of learning with students from another profession. Students also highlighted suggestions to improve their learning experience.ImplicationsThis evaluation has indicated students' support for embedding interprofessional placements into their curricula. Clinical educators should consider designing similar placements, while further work should focus on inclusion of higher student numbers and look to include a range of professions and practice settings.
Review of authorship for COVID‐19 research conducted during the 2020 first‐wave epidemic in Africa reveals emergence of promising African biomedical research and persisting asymmetry of international collaborations
Authors: Tonen‐Wolyec Serge , Mbumba Lupaka Dieu‐Merci , Batina‐Agasa Salomon , Mbopi Keou François‐Xavier , Bélec Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe contribution of African authors to the biomedical literature is small. We evaluated the African and non‐African scientific production published in the international literature on the COVID‐19 in Africa during the first year of the epidemic (2020).MethodsPapers on COVID‐19 in Africa were extracted from the Medline (PubMed) database for bibliometric analysis including the proportions of three leading and last authors by study type, study country, authors’ and laboratories/institutions’ countries of affiliation and journal ranking.ResultsA total of 160 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The majority (91.3%) was produced by half (53.7%) of African countries, with important regional disparities, and generally without sources of funding mentioned. The majority (>85.0) of authors in lead positions (first, second, third and last authors) were Africans. Only a small number (8.7%) of studies on COVID‐19 in Africa were carried out by laboratories not on the African continent (mainly Europe, USA and China) and generally received funding. The last and first authors were more frequently of non‐African origin in journals with an Impact Factor ranking ≥1, and more frequently of African origin in journals with a lower ranking (< 1). The first and last non‐African authors tended to report their studies in high ranking ≥1 journals.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the emergence of promising African research capable of publishing in indexed but low‐impact factor medical journals and reveals the persistence of a North‐South asymmetry in international cooperation in biomedical research with Africa.
Spray Combustion Characteristics of Single/Multicomponent Surrogate Fuel for Aviation Kerosene
Authors: Qin Wenjin , Lu Dengbiao , Xu Lihui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this research, n-dodecane and world-average jet fuel (JW) are selected as single and multicomponent surrogate fuel of aviation kerosene to study the Jet-A spray combustion characteristics. The spray combustion phenomena are simulated using large eddy simulation coupled with detailed chemical reaction mechanism. Proper orthogonal decomposition method is applied to analyze the flow field characteristics, and the instantaneous velocity field is decomposed into four parts, namely, the mean part, coherent part, transition part, and turbulent part, respectively. The four parts have their own characteristics. In terms of different fuels, JW has a higher intensity of coherent structures and local vortices than n-dodecane, which promotes the fuel–air mixing and improves the combustion characteristics, and the soot formation is significantly reduced. In addition, with the increase of initial temperature, the combustion is more intense, the ignition delay time is advanced, the flame liftoff length is reduced, and soot formation is increased accordingly.
Target Constraints Influence Locomotion Pattern to the First Hurdle
Authors: Smirniotou Athanasia , Panteli Flora , Theodorou Apostolos 
Published: January 2022

The study examined to what extent the manipulation of hurdle height (0.76-m hurdle, low hurdle 0.50 m, and white stripe) would affect visual regulation strategies and kinematic reorganization when approaching the first hurdle. In addition, the impact of constraints as a training tool in terms of creating movement patterns functional for and representative of competitive movement models was assessed. The approach phase to the first hurdle of 13 physical education students with no previous experience in hurdling was video recorded and analyzed. Emergence of different footfall variability curves and movement coordination patterns suggests that participants interact differently with features of the performance context. Contrary to the white stripe, the hurdle height required participants to initiate regulation and distribute adjustments over a larger number of steps, and afforded the preparation for takeoff in order to clear the hurdle. In task design, manipulation of task constraints should offer valuable information regarding the dynamics of movement.
Two-pronged kill mechanism at the end-Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Fox Calum P. , Whiteside Jessica H. , Olsen Paul E. , Cui Xingqian , Summons Roger E. , Idiz Erdem , Grice Kliti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-resolution biomarker and compound-specific isotope distributions coupled with the degradation of calcareous fossil remnants reveal that intensive euxinia and decalcification (acidification) driven by Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) activity formed a two-pronged kill mechanism at the end-Triassic mass extinction. In a newly proposed extinction interval for the basal Blue Lias Formation (Bristol Channel Basin, UK), biomarker distributions reveal an episode of persistent photic zone euxinia (PZE) that extended further upward into the surface waters. In the same interval, shelly taxa almost completely disappear. Beginning in the basal paper shales of the Blue Lias Formation, a Lilliput assemblage is preserved consisting of only rare calcitic oysters (Liostrea) and ghost fossils of decalcified aragonitic bivalves. The stressors of PZE and decalcification parsimoniously explain the extinction event and inform possible combined causes of other biotic crises linked to emplacement of large igneous provinces, notably the end-Permian mass extinction, when PZE occurred on a broad and perhaps global scale.
Shear strain-induced structure relaxation of Ni Σ17 [110](223) grain boundary: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Xue Hongtao , Yu Xudong , Zhou Xin , Tang Fuling , Li Xiuyan , Wu Youzhi , Ren Junqiang , Lu Xuefeng 
Published: January 2022

The stabilization of grain boundaries (GBs) is beneficial for improving the stability and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline (NC) metals. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were performed to investigate the shear response of Ni [Formula: see text]17 [110](223) symmetrical tilt GB. It was found that under the action of shear, the nucleation and evolution of the GB source Shockley partial dislocations ultimately result in the low-energy-state transformation of the GB structure units (SUs). However, the Ag atom contained in the GB increases the shear stress and strain required for the GB relaxation, and the strain range for the GB relaxation is expanded, indicating the inhibitory effect of the Ag atom on the structural relaxation of Ni [Formula: see text]17 [110](223) GB. As the temperature increases from 10 K to 250 K, the structural relaxation of Ni [Formula: see text]17 [110](223) GB becomes easier to proceed. In addition to segregation-induced GB stabilization, strain-induced GB relaxation and the roles of foreign atom and temperature clarified in this work could provide several new entry points for stabilizing high-energy GBs.
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Blood Samples Identify Cancers in a Mixed Population of Patients with Nonspecific Symptoms
Authors: Larkin James R. , Anthony Susan , Johanssen Vanessa A. , Yeo Tianrong , Sealey Megan , Yates Abi G. , Smith Claire Friedemann , Claridge Timothy D.W. , Nicholson Brian D. , Moreland Julie-Ann , Gleeson Fergus , Sibson Nicola R. , Anthony Daniel C. , Probert Fay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient outcomes, but cancers may be hard to diagnose if patients present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. We have previously shown that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis can detect cancer in animal models and distinguish between differing metastatic disease burdens. Here, we hypothesized that biomarkers within the blood metabolome could identify cancers within a mixed population of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific symptoms, the so-called “low-risk, but not no-risk” patient group, as well as distinguishing between those with and without metastatic disease.

Experimental Design:
Patients (n = 304 comprising modeling, n = 192, and test, n = 92) were recruited from 2017 to 2018 from the Oxfordshire Suspected CANcer (SCAN) pathway, a multidisciplinary diagnostic center (MDC) referral pathway for patients with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Blood was collected and analyzed by NMR metabolomics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) models separated patients, based upon diagnoses received from the MDC assessment, within 62 days of initial appointment.

Results:
Area under the ROC curve for identifying patients with solid tumors in the independent test set was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.95]. Maximum sensitivity and specificity were 94% (95% CI: 73–99) and 82% (95% CI: 75–87), respectively. We could also identify patients with metastatic disease in the cohort of patients with cancer with sensitivity and specificity of 94% (95% CI: 72–99) and 88% (95% CI: 53–98), respectively.

Conclusions:
For a mixed group of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific signs and symptoms, NMR-based metabolomics can assist their diagnosis, and may differentiate both those with malignancies and those with and without metastatic disease.
See related commentary by Van Tine and Lyssiotis, p. 1477
Phase I Study of High-Dose l-Methylfolate in Combination with Temozolomide and Bevacizumab in Recurrent IDH Wild-Type High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Salas Lucas A. , Stewart Thomas G. , Mobley Bret C. , Peng Chengwei , Liu Jing , Loganathan Sudan N. , Wang Jialiang , Ma Yanjun , Berger Mitchel S. , Absher Devin , Hu Yang , Moots Paul L. , Christensen Brock C. , Clark Stephen W. 
Published: January 2022

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in low-grade gliomas (LGG) result in improved survival and DNA hypermethylation compared with IDH wild-type LGGs. IDH-mutant LGGs become hypomethylated during progression. It is uncertain whether methylation changes occur during IDH wild-type GBM progression and whether the methylome can be reprogrammed. This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and methylome changes after l-methylfolate (LMF) treatment, in combination with temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Fourteen patients total, 13 with GBM, one with anaplastic astrocytoma, all IDH wild-type were enrolled in the study. All patients received LMF at either 15, 30, 60, or 90 mg daily plus temozolomide (75 mg/m2 5 days per month) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every two weeks).No MTD was identified. LMF-treated patients had median overall survival of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.1–35.4] comparable with bevacizumab historical control 8.6 months (95% CI, 6.8–10.8). Six patients treated with LMF survived more than 650 days. Across all treatment doses, the most adverse events were diarrhea (7%, 1 patient, grade 2), reflux (7%, 1 patient, grade 2), and dysgeusia (7%, 1 patient, grade 2). In the six brains donated at death, there was a 25% increase in DNA methylated CpGs compared with the paired initial tumor. LMF in combination with temozolomide and bevacizumab was well tolerated in patients with recurrent IDH wild-type high-grade glioma. This small study did not establish a superior efficacy with addition of LMF compared with standard bevacizumab therapy; however, this study did show methylome reprogramming in high-grade glioma.

Significance:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Therapies to date have failed to improve survival. LGGs, with IDH mutations, have increased global DNA methylation and increased survival compared with GBMs. GBMs lack this mutation and have less DNA methylation. Here we show that the DNA methylome can be modified in GBM with LMF. Such treatment might be useful in methylome priming prior to immunotherapy.