bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big data, big changes? The technologies and sources of data used in science classrooms
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Schultheis Elizabeth H. , Kjelvik Melissa K. , Reedy Aaron , Sultana Omiya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith improving technology and monitoring efforts, the availability of scientific data is rapidly expanding. The tools that scientists and engineers use to analyse data are changing in response. At the same time, science education standards have shifted to emphasize the importance of students making sense of data in science classrooms. However, it is not yet known whether these exciting new datasets and tools are used science classrooms, and what it would take to facilitate their use. To identify opportunities, research is needed to capture the data practices currently performed in classrooms, and the roles of technology for student learning. Here, we report findings from a survey conducted in the United States of 330 science teachers on the data sources, practices and technologies common to their classroom. We found that teachers predominantly involve their students in analysing relatively small data sets that they collect. In support of this work, teachers tend to use the technologies that are available to them—namely, calculators and spreadsheets. In addition, we found that a subset of teachers used a wide variety of data sources of varying complexity. We discuss what these findings suggest for practice, research and policy, with an emphasis on supporting teachers based on their needs.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Collecting and analysing data are central to the practice of science, and these skills are taught in many science classrooms at the pre‐collegiate (grades K‐12) level.
Data are increasingly important in society and STEM, and types and sources of data are rapidly expanding. These changes have implications for science teachers and students.
What this paper adds

We found that the predominant data source science teachers use is student‐collected, small data sets.
Teachers use digital tools familiar and available to them: spreadsheets and calculators.
Teachers perceive the cost and time it would take to learn to use digital tools to analyse data with their students as key barriers to adopting new tools.
Despite the predominance of small, student‐collected data analysed using spreadsheets or calculators, we also found notable variability in the data sources and digital tools some teachers used with their students.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Many of the changes called for in science education standards and reform documents, regarding how students should collect and analyse data, have not yet been fully realized in pre‐collegiate classrooms.
Science teacher educators and science education researchers should build curricula and develop digital tools based on which kinds of data sources and digital tools teachers presently use, while encouraging more complex data useage in the future.
Using the COM‐B model to characterize the barriers and facilitators of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake in men who have sex with men
Authors: Madhani Adam , Finlay Katherine A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesUsing the COM‐B model, this study aimed to characterize barriers and facilitators to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake amongst men who have sex with men (MSM).Design and MethodSemistructured interviews with 13 MSM who were non‐PrEP users were conducted with a specific focus on barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake. A 15‐item interview schedule was created informed by the COM‐B model. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed using thematic analysis. To illustrate pathways for intervention design, inductive themes were then deductively mapped onto COM‐B constructs.ResultsResults demonstrated that barriers to PrEP uptake were closely aligned with five (of six) COM‐B components: psychological capability, physical opportunity, social opportunity, reflective motivation and automatic motivation. These COM‐B subcomponents reflected seven thematized barriers: (1) limited information about PrEP, (2) restricted access to PrEP, (3) gay identity and sexual stigmatization, (4) social and cultural stigmatization, (5) capabilities in treatment adherence, (6) optimistic bias about sexual behaviours and (7) calculating risk. No facilitators or physical capability concerns were demonstrated.ConclusionThis study adopted a novel behaviour change‐informed approach to understanding barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake amongst MSM. Unrealistic optimism about self‐protective individual behaviours, the physical accessibility of PrEP and (mis)information together interacted closely with perceptions of personal and social stigmatization to dynamically impact PrEP uptake decisions. Barriers to PrEP uptake mapped clearly to the COM‐B; therefore, these results provide the foundation for Behaviour Change Wheel intervention development to improve rates of PrEP uptake and its acceptability for MSM.
Supporting independently living people with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative study into professional remote support practices
Authors: Zaagsma Miriam , Koning Mark H. M. , Volkers Karin M. , Schippers Alice P. , van Hove Geert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProfessional support for people with intellectual disabilities is increasingly delivered remotely. Understanding what support workers do to support people with intellectual disabilities remotely, and how they do this, is therefore important. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the remote support practice of the support staff of the Dutch service DigiContact.MethodsA qualitative study was performed in which we followed an inductive‐iterative process and used different sources of information: documents, interviews with people who are supported by DigiContact and their caseworkers, and interviews with DigiContact support workers.FindingsSeven themes were constructed and described. Four themes reflected the support activities of DigiContact support workers, and three themes reflected qualities that guide how the support is provided.ConclusionsA remote support context can bring both challenges and opportunities to the practice of supporting people with intellectual disabilities. The findings can be useful for service organisations who are contemplating the adoption of remote support initiatives for people with intellectual disabilities.
Association between disability status and dental attendance patterns in Australian children: A national survey
Authors: Sawhney Seerat , Vu Theresa , Chen Fiona , Wong Kingsley , Zafar Sobia , Lopez Silva Claudia Patricia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the dental attendance patterns of Australian children with and without disabilities using data from Growing up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.MethodsData on 6470 participants within two groups (B cohort [aged 12–13]: n = 3381; K cohort [aged 16–17]: n = 3089) were used for the study. Binomial regression models were fitted to examine the association between disability status and dental attendance. The models were adjusted for gender, parent's country of birth, region of residence, highest parental education and household weekly income, and multiple imputations was used for handling missing data.ResultsChildren with disabilities constituted 2.4% and 3.8% of the study sample in the B and K cohort, respectively. The unadjusted risk ratio of irregular (vs. regular) dental attendance between children with and without disabilities was 1.07 (95% CI 0.78–1.46) in the B cohort and 1.15 (95% CI 0.93–1.42) in the K cohort. After adjustment and imputation, the risk ratios were 1.03 (95% CI 0.76–1.41) and 1.10 (95% CI 0.89–1.36) in the B and K cohort, respectively.ConclusionsDental attendance pattern was positively, but minimally, associated with disabilities in older children, and factors including region of residence, parental education and household income were related to disability status and dental attendance. Further studies are required to clarify the association and ascertain key factors that affect the health and wellbeing of children with disabilities.
Carriers of COL3A1 pathogenic variants in Denmark: Interfamilial variability in severity and outcome of elective surgical procedures
Authors: Sølyst Sofus , Oksjoki Riina , Farholt Stense , Nielsen Dorte Guldbrand , Christensen Alex H. , Fagerberg Christina R. , Risom Lotte , Gregersen Pernille Axél , Christensen Maria Bejerholm , Rasmussen Torsten Bloch , Diness Birgitte Rode 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study describes all patients in Denmark with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS). Carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic COL3A1 variants were retrospectively identified through registries and specialized clinics. Medical records were reviewed for vascular‐ or organ ruptures and invasive procedures performed. Identified families were divided by variant type (null, splice, and missense) and familial phenotypes (severe or attenuated). Families in which at least one carrier has suffered a major event before the age of 30 were classified as severe, whereas families in which at least three carriers had reached the age of 40 without a major event were classified as attenuated. Eighty‐seven persons (59 still alive) from 25 families were included with a mean observation time of 44 years. Sixty‐seven percent of patients could be subclassified in a familial phenotype. Thirty‐one major events were observed. Eleven complications in 172 invasive procedures were recorded. No fatal complications to elective surgery were observed. The type of COL3A1 variant did not reliably predict phenotype, but a pattern of intrafamilial consistency emerged with some families showing an attenuated form of vEDS. Elective medical procedures appear to be safer than previously thought, although data only allow for conclusions regarding individuals from families with the attenuated form of vEDS.
One‐stage versus two‐stage technique using two splinted extra‐short implants: A multicentric split‐mouth study with a one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Menini Maria , Pesce Paolo , Delucchi Francesca , Ambrogio Giulia , Canepa Camilla , Carossa Massimo , Pera Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of extra‐short implants (≤6.5 mm) inserted with one‐stage versus two‐stage technique in adjacent sites of the upper or lower jaw.Materials and MethodsIn this split‐mouth multicenter study, implants were randomly divided into two groups according to the healing phase: two‐stage and one‐stage technique. Primary outcome measures were implant survival, implant success, and prosthodontic complications. Secondary outcome measurements were: implant stability quotient (ISQ) collected at surgery time (T0), and after 3 (T3) and 12 (T12) months, marginal bone level (MBL) evaluated at T0, T3, T6, and T12, marginal bone loss evaluated at T6 and T12, plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) evaluated at T3, T6, and T12. Significances of differences between groups were tested by linear mixed model with random intercept.ResultsNineteen patients (8 males and 11 females) were included. A total of 38 implants were inserted. At T12 implant cumulative survival and implant success rate were 100% in both groups. No statistically significant differences were recorded for any of the analyzed parameters between the two groups at any time point. ISQ values were similar at T0 (two‐stage: mean 67.53 ± SD 19.47; one‐stage: mean 66.53 ± 19.07 p = 0.8738) and increased in both groups at the 12‐month follow‐up appointment (two‐stage: 81.1 ± 7.04; one‐stage: 81.39 ± 0.9266). MBL values were similar in the two groups at any time point. At T12 marginal bone loss was 0.46 ± 0.41 (two‐stage) and 0.45 ± 0.38 (one‐stage) mm (p = 0.9417), while mean PD was 2.7 ± 0.85 (two‐stage) and 2.69 ± 0.89 (one‐stage) mm.ConclusionsWithin the limits of the present short‐term report, extra‐short implants demonstrated optimal clinical outcomes using the one‐stage technique, without statistically significant differences compared with the traditional two‐stage approach.
Why did China's cost‐reduction‐oriented policies in food safety governance fail? The collective action dilemma perspective
Authors: Su Yiqing , Yu Hailong , Wang Menglin , Li Xinqi , Li Yanyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsumer participation plays an important role in improving food safety. Current research shows that reducing associated costs can promote consumer participation; however, the cost‐reduction‐oriented policies adopted by the Chinese government has had little impact on consumer participation. This study explores the reasons for the failure of the Chinese cost‐reduction‐oriented policies in food safety governance from the perspective of the collective action dilemma. Building upon previous work and using data from an online survey of 1229 consumers in China, we use a mediating effect model to examine the causal relationship between the low participation rate and the high participation cost. The results suggest that low consumer participation in food safety governance is due to free‐riding built on the actions of others. The problem with the cost‐reduction‐oriented policies is that they addressed high participation costs, identified by this study as the consequence of non‐participation, but paid little attention to the actual cause – free‐riding. Our research sheds light on the collective action dilemma from a new perspective to understand consumer participation. Assessing the relationship between participation cost, free‐riding, and the actual participation behavior in food safety governance could lead to a new line of theoretical and empirical inquiry for studying collective action in public affairs.
Normobaric hyperoxia plays a neuroprotective role after cerebral ischemia by maintaining the redox homeostasis and the level of connexin43 in astrocytes
Authors: Qi Zhifeng , Yuan Shuhua , Liu Ke Jian , Ji Xunming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute cerebral ischemia is caused by an insufficient blood supply to brain tissue. Oxygen therapy, which is able to aid diffusion to reach the ischemic region, has been regarded as a possible treatment for cerebral ischemia. Recent animal and pilot clinical studies have reported that normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) showed neuroprotective effects if started soon after the onset of stroke. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of NBO treatment in astrocytes. Connexin43, one of the main gap junction proteins in astrocytes, is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia.AimsIn the present study, we used sutures to develop an ischemia/reperfusion model in rats to mimic clinical recanalization and investigated the role of connexin43 in NBO‐treated stroke rats, as well as the underlying mechanism of NBO therapy.ResultsNormobaric hyperoxia treatment maintained the homeostasis of oxidoreductases: glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (two important oxidoreductases) and rescued the ischemia/reperfusion‐induced downregulation of connexin43 protein in astrocytes. Furthermore, NBO treatment attenuated cerebral ischemia‐induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and was involved in neuroprotective effects by regulating the GPX4 and connexin43 pathway, using Ferrostatin‐1 (an activator of GPX4) or Gap27 (an inhibitor of connexin43).ConclusionsThis study showed the neuroprotective effects of NBO treatment by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the level of connexin43 in astrocytes, which could be used for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
Mitochondrial genome mutations and neuronal dysfunction of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Yeonmi , Kim Minchul , Lee Miju , So Seongjun , Kang Soon‐Suk , Choi Jiwan , Kim Deokhoon , Heo Hyohoon , Lee Sung Soo , Park Hee Ra , Ko Jung Jae , Song Jihwan , Kang Eunju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are materials that can be used for autologous stem cell therapy. We screened mtDNA mutations in iPSCs and iPSC‐derived neuronal cells from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, we investigated whether the mutations could affect mitochondrial function and deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) in differentiated neuronal cells.Materials and MethodsmtDNA mutations were measured and compared among iPSCs and iPSC‐derived neuronal cells. The selected iPSCs carrying mtDNA mutations were subcloned, and then their growth rate and neuronal differentiation pattern were analyzed. The differentiated cells were measured for mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential, as well as deposition of Aβ.ResultsMost iPSCs from subjects with AD harbored ≥1 mtDNA mutations, and the number of mutations was significantly higher than that from umbilical cord blood. About 35% and 40% of mutations in iPSCs were shared with isogenic iPSCs and their differentiated neuronal precursor cells, respectively, with similar or different heteroplasmy. Furthermore, the mutations in clonal iPSCs were stable during extended culture and neuronal differentiation. Finally, mtDNA mutations could induce a growth advantage with higher viability and proliferation, lower mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential, as well as increased Aβ deposition.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that mtDNA mutations in patients with AD could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated Aβ deposition. Therefore, early screening for mtDNA mutations in iPSC lines would be essential for developing autologous cell therapy or drug screening for patients with AD.
Immune‐mediated inflammatory markers in acute and transient psychotic disorders—comparison with schizophrenia: An exploratory comparative study
Authors: Kale Akshayee , Basu Debasish , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Minz Ranjana W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimConsidering Acute and Transient psychotic disorders (ATPDs) to be a close entity to Schizophrenia (SZ) with a completely different course and outcome, studies evaluating the immunological abnormalities are scarce in ATPDs. We analysed immune‐mediated inflammatory marker levels [Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)] in patients with ATPDs (in the acute phase and after remission), and compared these with patients with SZ in remission and with healthy controls.MethodsNinteen subjects with ATPDs in acute phase of illness were age−/gender‐matched with healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia in remission; recruited through purposive sampling. Clinical assessment and immune‐marker levels were carried out in all the three groups. Follow –up repeat immune‐marker levels assessment in the ATPD group was conducted after remission status was ensured. Immune‐marker levels were compared across the three groups.ResultsPatients with ATPDs had elevated levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐17 and low levels of IL‐8 in the acute phase and low levels of IL‐6 and elevated levels of IL‐8 during the remission phase. Compared to patients with SZ in remission, patients with ATPD in remission had low levels of all the three pro‐inflammatory cytokines (with significantly low IL‐6 levels and non‐significant, yet low levels of IL‐8 and IL‐17) and had significantly low and high levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 respectively than healthy controls.ConclusionThese findings suggest that there existed immunological abnormalities in the acute and remission phase of illness in patients with ATPDs compared to both patients with SZ in remission and healthy controls.
Interictal dynamic network transitions in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Rong , Deng Chijun , Wang Xuyang , Zou Ting , Biswal Bharat , Guo Danni , Xiao Bo , Zhang Xiaonan , Cheng Jing Liang , Liu Ding , Yang Mi , Chen Huafu , Wu Qian , Feng Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo reveal the possible routine of brain network dynamic alterations in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and to establish a predicted model of seizure recurrence during interictal periods.MethodsSeventy‐nine unilateral mTLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and 97 healthy controls from two centers were retrospectively enrolled. Dynamic brain configuration analyses were performed with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to quantify the functional stability over time and the dynamic interactions between brain regions. Relationships between seizure frequency and ipsilateral hippocampal module allegiance were evaluated using a machine learning predictive model.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, patients with mTLE displayed an overall higher dynamic network, switching mainly in the epileptogenic regions (false discovery rate [FDR] corrected p‐FDR < .05). Moreover, the dynamic network configuration in mTLE was characterized by decreased recruitment (intra‐network communication), and increased integration (inter‐network communication) among hippocampal systems and large‐scale higher‐order brain networks (p‐FDR < .05). We further found that the dynamic interactions between the hippocampal system and the default‐mode network (DMN) or control networks exhibited an opposite distribution pattern (p‐FDR < .05). Strikingly, we showed that there was a robust association between predicted seizure frequency based on the ipsilateral hippocampal‐DMN dynamics model and actual seizure frequency (p‐perm < .001).SignificanceThese findings suggest that the interictal brain of mTLE is characterized by dynamical shifts toward unstable state. Our study provides novel insights into the brain dynamic network alterations and supports the potential use of DMN dynamic parameters as candidate neuroimaging markers in monitoring the seizure frequency clinically during interictal periods.
Impact of family visit restrictions due to COVID‐19 policy on patient outcomes: A cohort study
Authors: Bloemberg Daphne , Musters Selma C. W. , Wal‐Huisman Hanneke van der , Dieren Susan van , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Eskes Anne M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of family visit restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic on deliriums, falls, pneumonia, pressure ulcers and readmissions among surgical inpatients with gastrointestinal (oncologic) diseases.DesignCohort study.MethodsThis study was conducted among adult inpatients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in two academic hospitals. During the COVID‐19 outbreak in 2020, over a 10‐week period, one cohort was subjected to family visit restrictions. Per patient, one person per day was allowed to visit for a maximum of 30 min. This cohort was compared with another cohort in which patients were not subjected to such restrictions during a 10‐week period in 2019. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the impact of the restrictions on deliriums, falls, pneumonia, pressure ulcers and readmissions.ResultsIn total, 287 patients were included in the 2020 cohort and 243 in the 2019 cohort. No differences were observed in the cohorts with respect to baseline characteristics. Logistic regression analyses showed no significant differences in deliriums, falls, pneumonia, pressure ulcers and readmissions between the cohorts.ConclusionWe cautiously conclude that the family visit restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic did not contribute to deliriums, falls, pneumonia, pressure ulcers or readmissions in surgical patients with gastrointestinal (oncologic) diseases.ImpactCOVID‐19 influenced family‐centred care due to family visit restrictions. Nurses need to continue monitoring outcomes known to be sensitive to family‐centred care to gain insight into the effects of visit restrictions and share the results in order to include nurses' perspectives in COVID‐19‐decision‐making. Re‐implementing of family visit restrictions should be carefully considered in policy‐making.