bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participant attention on the intervention target during repetitive passive movement improved spinal reciprocal inhibition enhancement and joint movement function
Authors: Hirabayashi Ryo , Edama Mutsuaki , Takeda Mai , Yamada Yuki , Yokota Hirotake , Sekine Chie , Onishi Hideaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the participant’s attention target during repetitive passive movement (RPM) intervention on reciprocal inhibition (RI) and joint movement function. Twenty healthy adults participated in two experiments involving four attention conditions [control (forward attention with no RPM), forward attention (during RPM), monitor attention (monitor counting task during RPM), ankle joint attention (ankle movement counting task during RPM)] during 10-min RPM interventions on the ankle joint. Counting tasks were included to ensure the participant’s attention remained on the target during the intervention. In Experiment 1, RI was measured before, immediately after, and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min after the RPM intervention. In Experiment 2, we evaluated ankle joint movement function at the same time points before and after RPM intervention. The maximum ankle dorsiflexion movement (from 30° plantar flexion to 10° dorsiflexion) was measured, reflecting RI. In Experiment 1, the RI function reciprocal Ia inhibition was enhanced for 10 min after RPM under all attention conditions (excluding the control condition. D1 inhibition was enhanced for 20 min after RPM in the forward and monitor attention conditions and 30 min after RPM in the ankle joint attention condition. In Experiment 2, the joint movement function decreased under the forward and monitor attention conditions but improved under the ankle joint attention condition. This study is the first to demonstrate that the participant’s attention target affected the intervention effect of the RI enhancement method, which has implications for improving the intervention effect of rehabilitation.
Molecular mechanism of IgM perception by IgM-specific receptor FcμR
Authors: Xiao Junyu , Li Yaxin , Shen Hao , Zhang Ruixue , Wang Yuxin , Ji Chenggong , Su Chen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody to emerge during embryonic development and humoral immune response1. IgM can exist in several distinct forms, including monomeric, membrane-bound IgM (mIgM) within the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex, pentameric and hexameric IgM in serum, and secretory IgM on mucosal surface. FcμR/Toso/Faim3, the only IgM-specific receptor in mammals, recognizes different forms of IgM to regulate diverse immune responses2-4. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we delineate the structural bases of FcμR-IgM interaction by crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. We show that two FcμR molecules interact with a Cμ4 dimer, suggesting that FcμR can bind to mIgM with 2:1 stoichiometry. Further analyses reveal that both FcμR-binding sites are accessible in the context of IgM-BCR. In contrast, the pentameric IgM can recruit four FcμR to bind on the same side and therefore impose the formation of an FcμR oligomer. One of these FcμR molecules occupies the binding site of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/secretory component (pIgR/SC). Nevertheless, four FcμR are recruited onto the other side of IgM in the presence of SC, which reconciles with, and further supports FcμR's function in the retro-transport of secretory IgM. These results reveal intricate mechanisms of IgM perception by FcμR.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of BCG disease in Chinese children: A retrospective study
Authors: Zeng Yuyuan , Ying Wenjing , Wang Wenjing , Hou Jia , Liu Luyao , Sun Bijun , Hui Xiaoying , Gu Yu , Song Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaochuan , Sun Jinqiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Summarize the characteristics of the largest cohort of BCG disease and compare differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes among different genotypes and between primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and non-PID patients.
Methods
We collected information on patients with BCG disease in our center from January 2015 to December 2020 and divided them into four groups: chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) and unspecified pathogenic group.
Results
A total of 134 patients were reviewed, and most of them had PID. A total of 112 (83.6%) patients had 19 different types of pathogenic gene mutations, most of whom (91.1%) were classified with CGD, MSMD and SCID. CYBB was the most common gene mutation (53/112). BCG disease behaves differently in individuals with different PIDs. Significant differences in sex (P < 0.001), age at diagnosis (P = 0.019), frequency of recurrent fever (P = 0.003) and infection severity (P = 0.038) were noted among the four groups. The CGD group had the highest rate of males and the oldest age at diagnosis. The MSMD group had the highest probability of disseminated infection (46.4%). The course of anti-tuberculosis treatment and the survival time between PID and non-PID patients were similar.
Conclusion
Greater than 80% of BCG patients have PID; accordingly, gene sequencing should be performed in patients with BCG disease for early diagnosis. BCG disease behaves differently in patients with different types of PID. Non-PID patients had similar outcomes to PID patients, which hints that they may have pathogenic gene mutations that need to be discovered.
A bispecific, crosslinking lectibody activates cytotoxic T cells and induces cancer cell death
Authors: Rosato Francesca , Pasupuleti Rajeev , Tomisch Jana , Meléndez Ana Valeria , Kolanovic Dajana , Makshakova Olga N. , Wiltschi Birgit , Römer Winfried 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground Aberrant glycosylation patterns play a crucial role in the development of cancer cells as they promote tumor growth and aggressiveness. Lectins recognize carbohydrate antigens attached to proteins and lipids on cell surfaces and represent potential tools for application in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Among the emerging therapeutic strategies, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment modality for various hematological and solid malignancies. Here we present an approach to redirect the immune system into fighting cancer by means of a “lectibody”, a bispecific construct that is composed of a lectin linked to an antibody fragment. This lectibody is inspired by bispecific T cell engager (BiTEs) antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T lymphocytes while simultaneously binding to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells. The tumor-related glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) represents the target of this proof-of-concept study. It is recognized with high selectivity by the B-subunit of the pathogen-derived Shiga toxin, presenting an opportunity for clinical development. Methods The lectibody was realized by conjugating an anti-CD3 single-chain antibody fragment to the B-subunit of Shiga toxin to target Gb3+cancer cells. The reactive non-canonical amino acid azidolysine (AzK) was inserted at predefined single positions in both proteins. The azido groups were functionalized by bioorthogonal conjugation with individual linkers that facilitated selective couplingviaan alternative bioorthogonal click chemistry reaction.In vitrocell-based assays were conducted to evaluate the antitumoral activity of the lectibody. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) isolated from healthy donors and Burkitt´s lymphoma-derived cells were screened in flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays for their activation and lysis, respectively. Results This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the lectibody activates T cells for their cytotoxic signaling, redirecting CTLs´ cytotoxicity in a highly selective manner and resulting in nearly complete tumor cell lysis – up to 93% – of Gb3+tumor cellsin vitro. Conclusions This research highlights the potential of lectins for targeting of certain tumors, with an opportunity for new cancer treatments. In a combinatorial strategy, lectin-based platforms of this type offer the possibility to target glycan epitopes on tumor cells and boost the efficacy of current therapies, providing an additional strategy for tumor eradication and improving patient outcomes.
Intergenerational Neuroprotection by an Intestinal Sphingolipid
in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Wenyue , Sherry Tessa , Cheng Xinran , Fan Qi , Cornell Rebecca , Liu Jie , Xiao Zhicheng , Pocock Roger 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In animals, maternal diet and environment can influence the health of offspring. Whether and how maternal dietary choice impacts the nervous system across multiple generations is not well understood. Here, we show that feeding Caenorhabditis elegans with ursolic acid (UA), a natural plant product, reduces adult-onset neurodegeneration intergenerationally. UA provides neuroprotection by enhancing maternal provisioning of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) - a bioactive sphingolipid. Intestine-to-oocyte S1P transfer is required for intergenerational neuroprotection and is dependent on the RME-2 lipoprotein yolk receptor. S1P acts intergenerationally by upregulating transcription of the acid ceramidase-1 (asah-1) gene in the intestine. Spatially regulating sphingolipid metabolism is critical as inappropriate asah-1 expression in neurons causes developmental axon outgrowth defects. Our results show that sphingolipid homeostasis impacts the development and intergenerational health of the nervous system. The ability of specific lipid metabolites to act as messengers between generations may have broad implications for dietary choice during reproduction.
Profiles of circulating exosomal miRNA in SAPHO patients by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yunan , Sun Yuxiu , Li Yini , Zhou Yali , Li Chen , Tian Lichun , Zhen Jianhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare disease characterized by autoinflammatory lesions on bones and skin. Diversified manifestation and inadequate understanding of etiology have limited its diagnosis and treatment. SAPHO syndrome is also classified as primary inflammatory osteitis. The osteoarticular involvement is generally insidious in onset of this disease and associated biomarkers may be of significance for diagnosis, treatment, as well as clarifying the pathogenesis of SAPHO. In this study, we profiled the exosomal miRNA expression in peripheral blood of SAPHO patients to identify key miRNAs associated with this disease and try to find new molecule as potential biomarkers for SAPHO syndrome.
Methods: We recruited 6 SAPHO patients and 3 healthy volunteers. The expression profile of miRNAs in circulating exosome was analyzed by next generation sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to screen the biomarker based on the differential miRNAs, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess the diagnostic value. We performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses to predict their potential functions and related pathways according to the target genes of the differential miRNAs.
Results: In total 45 differentially expressed miRNAs in SAPHO patients were identified, among which 22 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated. MiR-144-3p was the most significantly upregulated miRNA. Meanwhile, miR-30d-3p, miR-627-3p, miR-556-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-2355-3p, miR-24-1-5p, miR-6734-5p, miR-548d-5p, miR-548o-3p, miR-185-3p were distinctly expressed in SAPHO patients and undetectable in healthy volunteers. We identified 4 differential miRNAs (hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p and hsa-miR-30d-3) as biomarkers for SAPHO syndrome and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 1. The differential KEGG pathways enriched in immune system and endocrine system, as well as the infectious disease and cancers; while most significantly indicated molecular function in GO function were protein binding and catalytic activity.
Conclusion: The exosomal miRNA profile in SAPHO syndrome was significantly changed and could be treated as biomarker to assist the diagnose, while their parts in pathology needed further exploration in the future.
Predictive Value of Urinary Cell Cycle Arrest Biomarkers for All Cause-Acute Kidney Injury: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Feng , Zeng Yan , Lv Linghai , Chen Yaoyao , Yan Yan , Luo Laimin , Pan Rong , Jiang Jiaming , Wei Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The cell cycle arrest markers tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) have been identified as potential biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill adults in intensive care units and cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). However, the clinical impact on all-cause AKI remains unclear. Here, we report a meta-analysis performed to evaluate the predictive value of this biomarker for all-cause AKI.
Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched up to April 1, 2022. We used the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnosis Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) to assess the quality. We extracted useful information from these studies and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).
Results
Twenty studies with 3625 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated sensitivity of urinary [TIMP-2]ⅹ[IGFBP7] in the diagnosis of all-cause AKI was 0.79 (95% CI:0.72, 0.84), and the specificity was 0.70 (95% CI:0.62, 0.76). The value of urine [TIMP-2]ⅹ[IGFBP7] in the early diagnosis of AKI was assessed using a random effects model. The pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 2.6 (95% CI:2.1, 3.3), 0.31 (95% CI:0.23, 0.40), and 8 (95% CI:6, 13), respectively. The AUROC was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.84). No significant publication bias was observed in eligible studies. Subgroup analysis indicated that the diagnostic value was related to the severity of AKI, time measurement, and clinical setting.
Conclusion
This study shows that urinary [TIMP-2]ⅹ[IGFBP7] is a reliable effective predictive test for all cause-AKI. However, whether and how urinary [TIMP-2]ⅹ[IGFBP7] can be used in clinical diagnosis still requires further research and clinical trials.
Effect of nitrogen application levels on the photosynthetic nitrogen distribution and use efficiency in leaves of soybean seedlings
Authors: Qiang Binbin , Zhou Weixin , Zhong Xingjie , Fu Chenye , Cao Liang , Zhang Yuxian , Jin Xijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

Nitrogen nutrition is closely related to crop growth and development. The nitrogen application level affects leaf size, nitrogen content in leaves, and nitrogen distribution between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic systems. Nitrogen distribution in leaves alters the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) and photosynthetic rate, ultimately affecting crop yield. In this study (Heilongjiang Province, 2021–2022), Jinyuan 55 and Keshan 1 soybean varieties were treated with different nitrogen levels in the form of urea: N0, 0 kg·hm− 2; N0.5, 60 kg·hm− 2; N1, 120 kg·hm− 2; and N1.5, 180 kg·hm− 2. We compared the effects of different nitrogen levels on plant morphology, biomass, photosynthetic physiology, nitrogen distribution, PNUE, and other indicators of soybean seedling leaves.

Results

The maximum carboxylation, maximum electron transfer, net photosynthetic rates, and PNUE of both soybean varieties first increased significantly with the increase in nitrogen application rate, and then stabilized. The PNUE, carboxylation system components, electron transport components, and non-photosynthetic system distribution ratios in the photosynthetic system increased, and then decreased with the increase in nitrogen application rate. The proportion and content of components in the light-harvesting system decreased and increased gradually, respectively, with the increase in nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen ratios between the carboxylation and electron transport systems of both soybean varieties were positively correlated with the PNUE. Furthermore, the nitrogen ratio in the light-harvesting and non-photosynthetic systems was linearly negatively correlated with the PNUE

Conclusions

Overall, an appropriate nitrogen level maintained a high photosynthetic nitrogen ratio, whereas low or high nitrogen conditions increased or decreased the nitrogen ratio in non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic systems, respectively, thus decreasing the PNUE and photosynthetic capacity. Moreover, an increase in the nitrogen application rate can lead to a decrease in nitrogen ratio of the light-harvesting system and an increase in the nitrogen ratio of electron transport and carboxylation systems. Our results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing leaf nitrogen distribution, determining optimum nitrogen levels, and promoting soybean seedling growth.
Influence of local site effects on seismic risk maps and ranking of Italian municipalities
Authors: Sabetta Fabio , Fiorentino Gabriele , Bocchi Flavio , Sinibaldi Martina , Falcone Gaetano , Mendicelli Amerigo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The latest studies concerning seismic risk assessment in Italy were developed without considering the site geo-lithological effects, thus limiting the assessment to rock soil type. In this study, for the evaluation of site amplification effects, we used the results of recent works based on the Italian seismic microzonation data. The site amplification factors have been assigned to the chief town of each of the 7,715 Italian municipalities, assuming that the building stock is concentrated in that small area. The PGA amplification ranges from 1 to 2.2 bringing to an average increase of 76% in the hazard. The seismic risk has been evaluated using the probabilistic hazard assessment adopted by the Italian building code and recent vulnerability/exposure models developed for Italy. The residential building stock was subdivided into 5 vulnerability classes (3 for masonry and 2 for concrete) derived from the national census data and further refined with the construction age and building height. The results show that, for a rock site condition, the loss estimates are comparable with those of previous works and with the historical data retrieved from a careful analysis of the major Italian earthquakes in terms of casualties, homeless, and economic damage. The introduction of the site effects brings to a significant increase in the expected losses, mainly due to the underestimation, in the adopted fragility curves, of the PGA taken from shakemaps not accounting correctly for the site amplification. To support the implementation of risk reduction programs, a seismic risk index is introduced, allowing a municipality ranking by risk, a cost estimation of the seismic retrofitting in the highest risk municipalities, and an assessment of the consequent risk reduction.
Nurses’ perceptions, experiences, and practices regarding human papillomavirus vaccination in a large, rural U.S. state
Authors: Thaker Juthika , Albers Alexandria N. , Newcomer Sophia R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose:Nationally, much of the focus on improving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake has focused on effective strategies physicians can use to promote vaccination. However, in large, rural states like Montana, nurses and medical assistants play critical roles in immunization services delivery, and their viewpoints are imperative in designing strategies to increase vaccination rates.Methods:We designed, pilot tested, and disseminated an online survey instrument to nurses and medical assistants working in clinics participating in the Vaccines for Children program in Montana. Survey questions focused on clinic vaccination practices, respondents’ perceptions of the HPV vaccine, perceived barriers to vaccine uptake, and general opinions on potential strategies to improve HPV vaccination rates.Results:We analyzed data from 227 respondents. Overall, 90% of nurses strongly agreed or agreed that the HPV vaccine is important and had confidence in the vaccine’s safety. More nurses reported experiencing greater parental vaccine refusal or delay for male patients regardless of age. About 53.7% of nurses indicated that their clinics had reminder/recall systems to encourage parents to bring their children for vaccination. Nurses identified misinformation from social media, infrequent wellness visits, and vaccine safety concerns as barriers to HPV vaccine uptake.Conclusion:Study findings identified several promising initiatives to accelerate vaccination in rural states like Montana, including promoting widespread adoption of reminder/recall systems, training nurses in evidence-based techniques to provide strong vaccine recommendations, and leveraging social media to disseminate consistent messages about the HPV vaccine recommendations for both sexes and its role in cancer prevention.
The screening of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected inpatients and evaluating correlated characteristics
Authors: Li ChengBo , Zhou Ying , Wang Yu , Liu Sheng , Wang Wen , Lu Xu , Sun Cui Ming , Liu Pei , Wen Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:This study surveyed the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg）and hepatitis C virus（HCV）antibody (anti-HCV) among inpatients with HIV infection and analyzed the correlated factors.Methods:We conducted a retrospective data collection of the HIV-infected inpatients in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2020. We utilized multivariate logistic regression to find the correlated factors.Results:The proportion of patients screened for HBsAg were 81.8% , which increased from 66.7% in 2010 to 85.7% in 2020. The proportion of patients with anti-HCV screening were 73.9%, which increased from 58.3% in 2010 to 86.7% in 2020. The prevalence of HBsAg-positive was 10.9%, which decreased from 15.0% in the period of 2010-2015 to 9.0% for HBsAg during 2016-2020. There were 4.1% cases with positive anti-HCV. Compared to 4.8% at the period of 2010-2015, there was a similar prevalence of 3.1% for anti-HCV during 2016-2020. Among HBsAg-positive cases, HBV DNA was screened in 70.8% cases. Among anti-HCV positive cases, HCV RNA were screened in 90% cases. The ALB <30 g/L, thrombocytopenia, AST >40 U/L were associated with HBsAg-positive. The AST >40 U/L and higher CD4+ T counts were associated with HIV/HCV coinfection.Conclusions:The routine screening for both HBV and HCV among HIV-positive inpatients has been greatly improved in the past decade. However, the screening of the complete HBV serological markers in HIV-positive inpatients, and HCV genotyping among HCVRNA-positive cases leaves much to be desired. A concerted effort should be taken for improving HBV vaccine compliance in the HIV-positive population and providing direct-acting antiviral therapies to HCVRNA-positive patients.