bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Protocol of NDT- Bobath and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Alone, to Improve Trunk Control, Balance, and Gait Parameters in Post-Stroke Patients – A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Saifee Sakina , Kovela Rakesh Krishna 
Published: February 2022

Background: The majority of stroke survivors suffer from a lifelong disability. Spasticity on the affected side and loss of balance are the common deficits mainly responsible for the impaired postural alignment, trunk control, and gait in stroke patients. Earlier studies have proven that Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is not much effective than Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT)- Bobath and Bobath is not effective alone to provide impressive results in stroke patients. Hence, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the combined impact of both techniques and compare them to PNF alone in trunk control, balance, and gait parameters in stroke survivors.
Methods: Total 30 stroke patients will be recruited by the study by considering the inclusion criteria and They will be split into two equal groups, A and B. Group A will receive the combined therapy of PNF and NDT-Bobath and group B will be treated with the PNF alone. The study will be carried out for 6 months. Outcome measures that are The Berg Balance scale (BBS), Trunk impairment scale (TIS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Gait parameters will be utilised to evaluate stroke patients before and after the study.
Results: The expected result will show whether the combined therapy of NDT-Bobath and PNF can help you improve trunk control, balance, and gait in patients with stroke and will it be better than the PNF therapy alone.
Conclusion: If the study proves that NDT—Bobath and PNF is effective in enhancing trunk control, balance and gait parameters, it will be a valuable insight into the available literature and thus helps physiotherapists to choose the combined approach in future. If PNF alone proves to be effective then it will save the time and helps the physiotherapist to frame goals according to PNF alone.
Evaluation of Sodium Valproate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protective Role of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) and Silymarin in Adult Albino Rats
Authors: Mehdar Khlood M. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Drugs hepatotoxicity is one of the most prevalent problems seen in medical practice. Many medications are linked to hepatotoxicity, including acetaminophen, tamoxifen and sodium valproate (VPA). The objective of this study is to investigate the preventive impact of silymarin (SIL) and /or vitamin C (Vit.C) on hepatotoxic Sodium Valproate in albino Rats.
Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into six groups; group (I): normal control, group (II): VPA 700 mg/kg, group (III): VPA + SIL 50 mg/kg, group (IV): VPA+ Vit.C 50 mg/kg and group (VI): VPA + SIL +Vit.C, VPA. The animals were killed after 14 days, and livers were taken for histological and biochemical analysis.
Results: After 14 days, animals were sacrificed, and livers were collected for histopathologic examination and biochemical assessment. VPA group exhibited a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Liver sections showed loss of normal pattern of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, congested central vein and fatty infiltration. Each of ascorbic acid and silymarin partially improved the histological pattern of the liver. When they were combined together, they depict marked improvement in the measured parameters and showed normal liver sections.
Conclusion: silymarin (SIL) and /or vitamin C (Vit.C) has hepatoprotective effects against VPA induced toxicity on liver.
Gene Expression Analysis of Specific Genes Related to Genomic Stability in Colon Cancer Cell Lines - A Resource for Cancer Research
Authors: Alamro Ghadah , Almousa Norah , Almusallam Jamilah , Watyan Maram Bin , Alghamdi Sara , Al- Jabr Sadeem , Alqahtani Nada , Aldbass Abeer , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Daihan Sooad Al 
Published: February 2022

Appropriate cell models are the foundation of cancer research as all the cell lines are not the same in their ability to mimic primary tumor tissue. Molecular characteristics of various cell lines can help in selecting the right cell model for biomedical studies. This study describes the gene expression profile of nine genes, include the six-protein shelterin complex, tankyrases1and 2, and CTNNB1 in three different models of human colon cancer cell lines. Also, the relative telomere length in each cell line was evaluated. All genes' expression levels were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nearly all test genes were significantly highly expressed in HT-29 as compared to HCT-116 and SW-620. SW-620 record a significantly increased expression of the CTNNB1 gene (P-value < 0.01) while most genes were poorly expressed in HCT-116. A positive correlation between CTNNB1 and hTERT expression was found in HCT-116 and SW-620 but not in HT-29. Telomere was found to be of the same length in all cell. Gene expression data presented in our results can assist in selecting appropriate cell lines in colon cancer research. Unique molecular properties of various cancer cell lines should be evaluated before selecting a cell line mmodelfor research purposes.
Comparison of Preauricular Versus Retromandibular Approach in the Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures
Authors: Lavina . , Ayub Tahera , Kumari Bharti , Kumar Raj , Abro Babar , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Shams Salman 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the rate of complications encountered on using different incision to access the fracture site for the open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures.
Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS
Subject and Methods: A total 64 patients with unilateral condyle fractures were randomly treated into two groups. Thirty two patients in group A were treated with preauricular incision and 32 were treated with Retro mandibular incision. Patients were followed for period of upto six months for assessment of complications of facial nerve injury such as: salivary fistula and hypertrophic scar formation.
Results: The average age of the patients was 31.66±9.40 years. Rate of facial nerve palsy was significantly high in group A than group B (18.75% vs. 6.25%; p=0.021) similarly, the rate of salivary fistula and scar formation were also significantly high in group A as compare to groups B (12.5% vs. 1.56% p=0.026) and (14.06% vs. 1.56%;p=0.013) respectively.
Conclusion: The retromandibular approach is more suitable for the lower level condylar neck fractures, providing a direct visual field and wide, straight-line access for implant fixation at this region.
A Review on the Pharmaceutical Care Services during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines
Authors: I. Mariano Fatimae , M. Faller Erwin 
Published: February 2022

Aims: As a developing country, the Philippines was among the hard-hit countries in the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists have stressed the significant role they play on the frontlines in the fight to lessen the pandemic's detrimental impacts.
Methodology: Using available published materials obtained from various journal databases, this article review identifies and discusses the pharmaceutical care activities of pharmacists during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in the Philippines.
Results: Pharmaceutical care services like teleconsultation and provision of drug information were provided to the public and even to other healthcare professionals through telepharmacy, managing minor illnesses in the community, maintaining patient’s access to prescription and maintenance medications, teaching and campaigning for vaccination, and even receiving training to administer COVID-19 vaccines to assist in the country’s vaccination programs were documented in this review.
Conclusion: Indeed, the pandemic has offered a chance to emphasize the critical role pharmacists play in healthcare delivery especially in a country where people perceive pharmacists as merely sellers of medicines.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Online Strategies to Recruit Parents of Children With Rheumatic Diseases for Research
Authors: Hausmann Jonathan S. , Vizcaino‐Riveros Jorge , Marin Alexandra C. , Minegishi Machiko , Cox Rachele , Chang Min‐Lee , Schanberg Laura E. , Natter Marc , Weitzman Elissa R. ,   for the CARRA Legacy Registry Investigators
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of online strategies to recruit parents of children with pediatric rheumatic diseases (PRDs) for research and to evaluate the degree to which known features of various rheumatic disease groups were present in the online cohort.MethodsWe studied two cohorts; the first was composed of respondents from a cross‐sectional parental survey of children with PRDs contacted through patient support groups and social media platforms, and the second cohort was composed of participants from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) legacy clinical registry.ResultsIn the social media cohort, 712 complete surveys were analyzed. Most (65.9%) were referred from Facebook. The most common rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (27.1%), followed by juvenile dermatomyositis (22.1%). In the CARRA registry cohort, 7985 records were included. JIA was the largest disease group (70.3%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (12.0%). The age at disease onset for most PRDs was similar between those in the social media and CARRA registry cohorts (mean difference = 1.3 years).ConclusionRecruitment through Facebook was the most fruitful. The clinical characteristics of the social media cohort were similar to those of patients recruited through a clinical registry, suggesting the utility of online recruitment for engaging disease‐relevant cohorts. Parents of children with rare PRDs were overrepresented in the social media cohort, perhaps reflecting the increased need of those parents to find online information and receive emotional support. Social media recruitment for research studies may help expand the number and diversity of participants in clinical research, especially by including those with rare diseases.
Epitaxial Dirac Semimetal Vertical Heterostructures for Advanced Device Architectures
Authors: Rice Anthony D. , Lee Choong Hee , Fluegel Brian , Norman Andrew G. , Nelson Jocienne N. , Jiang Chun Sheng , Steger Mark , McGott Deborah L. , Walker Patrick , Alberi Kirstin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExploiting the extraordinary transport and optical properties of 3D topological semimetals for device applications requires epitaxial integration with semiconductors to carefully control carrier transport, yet no studies have established heteroepitaxy on top of any topological semimetals to date. Here, a novel approach toward fabricating heterostructures is demonstrated by epitaxially incorporating the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 between ZnxCd1‐xTe and CdTe layers via molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates. The approach utilizes the higher energy (001) surface of Cd3As2 to stabilize 2D epitaxy of zinc blende semiconductors. To demonstrate the impact heterostructure formation offers to device performance, an all‐epitaxial, barrier‐type vertical photodetector is fabricated that accesses a different carrier separation mechanism than previously reported non‐epitaxial junctions and consequently exhibits significantly reduced dark currents. The results highlight the important role that epitaxial integration can play in accessing advanced architectures for topological semimetal‐based devices.
Targeted Synthesis of Anti‐Hydrolysis 2D‐ZIF Laminates with Super‐Hydrophobic Transport Channels via In Situ Phase Transition Strategy
Authors: Xu Shuang , Li Wen‐Cui , Wang Chengtong , Wang Sijia , Ma He , Hao Guang‐Ping , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe design flexibility in the crystalline structure and surface wettability make the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) an excellent platform for task‐specific applications. However, the key challenge lies in the precise modulation of transport channels, which still suffers from slow diffusion kinetics in nanopores and the loss of hydrophobicity during long‐term operation. Here, a facile structural directing method to render conventional 3D polyhedrons to well‐controlled ZIF nanoplates, and further to super‐hydrophobic laminated material by an in situ phase transition strategy is reported. As exemplified in water transport devices, the integrated ZIFs laminate shows an exceptional anti‐hydrolysis property and super‐hydrophobic transport channels, which warrant remarkable structural stability at fully wet conditions for a time period of at least 3 months, even under acidic conditions and boiling water for 24 h. The simple transformation strategy paves the way for fabrication and regulation of coordinated structures where hydrophobic transport channels are required, and opens a new opportunity for the smart design of advanced structures for water treatment under harsh environments.
Boron‐Tethering and Regulative Electronic States Around Iridium Species for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xue Dongping , Cheng Junqi , Yuan Pengfei , Lu Bang‐An , Xia Huicong , Yang Cheng‐Chieh , Dong Chung‐Li , Zhang Huizhen , Shi Fengyuan , Mu Shi‐Chun , Hu Jin‐Song , Sun Shi‐Gang , Zhang Jia‐Nan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe performance of single‐atom electrocatalysts usually suffers from attenuation due to high energy states, especially in harsh environments. Therefore, as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen reduction reaction (HER), supported metal nanoclusters (NCs) with maximum metal atom efficiency are promising, yet the genuine mechanism involving rational orbital modulation is still arguable. Herein, the conjugating effect between electron‐donor boron (B)‐tethering engineering and iridium (Ir) that facilitates the electron capture of Ir atoms is explored, achieving highly dispersive Ir‐NCs confined in N, B co‐doped defective carbon (Ir@NBD‐C). The Ir@NBD‐C catalyst achieves displays remarkable high activity for HER in a pH‐universal range, in particular, with an ultralow overpotential of 7 mV (10 mA cm−2), high mass activity of 652.2 A , and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.90 H2 S−1 (100 mV) in 1.0 m KOH, outperforming almost all state‐of‐the‐art HER electrocatalysts. Operando characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil that the outstanding catalytic activity can attribute to the optimal binding to hydrogen intermediate species (H*) derived from the tunable and favorable electronic structure of the Ir site through the tethering of B heteroatoms. Undoubtedly, this work brings new insight into the design of catalysts with high intrinsic activity and thermodynamic stability.
Polarization‐Driven‐Orientation Selective Growth of Single‐Crystalline III‐Nitride Semiconductors on Arbitrary Substrates
Authors: Liu Danshuo , Hu Lin , Yang Xuelin , Zhang Zhihong , Yu Haodong , Zheng Fawei , Feng Yuxia , Wei Jiaqi , Cai Zidong , Chen Zhenghao , Ma Cheng , Xu Fujun , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Liu Kaihui , Huang Bing , Shen Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIII‐nitride semiconductor films are usually achieved by epitaxial growth on single‐crystalline substrates (sapphire, silicon (Si), and silicon carbide). It is important to grow these films on non‐epitaxial substrates of interest such as polycrystalline substrates for exploring novel applications in electronics and optoelectronics. However, single‐crystalline III‐nitride films with uniform orientation on non‐epitaxial substrates have not yet been realized, due to the lack of crystallographic orientation of the substrates. Here, this work proposes a strategy of polarization‐driven‐orientation selective growth (OSG) and demonstrate that single‐crystalline gallium nitride (GaN) can in principle be achieved on any substrates. Taking polycrystalline diamond and amorphous‐silicon dioxide/Si substrates as typical examples, the OSG is demonstrated by utilizing a composed buffer layer consisting of graphene and polycrystalline physical vapor deposited (PVD) aluminium nitride (AlN). The polarization of the PVD AlN can effectively tune the strength of interfacial orbital coupling between AlN nuclei and graphene at different rotation angles, as confirmed by atom‐scale first‐principles calculations, and align the AlN nuclei to form a uniform orientation. This consequently leads to continuous single‐crystalline GaN films. The ability to grow single‐crystalline III‐nitrides onto any desired substrates would create unprecedented opportunities for developing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Catalytic Kinetics Regulation for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrogen Oxidation by Ru‐Nanoclusters‐Coupled Mn3O4 Catalysts Decorated with Atomically Dispersed Ru Atoms
Authors: Nie Zhongfen , Zhang Linlin , Ding Xin , Cong Meiyu , Xu Fanfan , Ma Lehui , Guo Mingxia , Li Mingzhu , Zhang Lixue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrochemical N2 oxidation reaction (NOR), using water and N2 in the atmosphere, represents a sustainable approach for nitric production to replace the conventional industrial synthesis with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Meanwhile, owing to chemical inertness of N2 and sluggish kinetics for 10‐electron transfer, emerging electrocatalysts remain largely underexplored. Herein, Ru‐nanoclusters‐coupled Mn3O4 catalysts decorated with atomically dispersed Ru atoms (Ru–Mn3O4) are designed and explored as an advanced electrocatalyst for ambient N2 oxidation, with an excellent Faraday efficiency (28.87%) and a remarkable NO3‐ yield (35.34 µg h‐1 mg‐1cat.), respectively. Experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that the outstanding activity is ascribed to the coexistence of Ru clusters and single‐atom Ru. The synergistic effect between the Ru clusters and Mn3O4 can effectively activate the chemically inert N2, lowering the kinetic barrier for the vital breakage of N≡N. The intensive *OH supply and enhanced conductivity are used to regulate the catalytic kinetics for optimized performance. This work provides brand‐new ideas for the rational design of electrocatalysts in complicated electrocatalytic reactions with multiple dynamics‐different steps.
Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production by Seawater Electrolysis Coupling Sulfion Degradation
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrolysis of costless and infinite seawater is a promising way toward grid‐scale hydrogen production without causing freshwater stress. Practical potential of this technology, however, is hindered by low energy efficiency and anode corrosion by the detrimental chlorine chemistry in seawater in addition to unaffordable electricity expense. Herein, energy‐saving hydrogen production is reported by chlorine‐free seawater splitting coupling sulfion oxidation. It yields hydrogen at a low cell voltage of 0.97 V, cutting the electricity consumption to 2.32 kWh per m3 H2 at 300 mA cm−2. Compared to alkaline water electrolysis, the energy expense is primarily saved by 60% with 50% lower energy equivalent input. Benefiting from the ultralow cell voltage, the hazardous chlorine chemistry is fully avoided without anode corrosion regardless of Cl− crossover. Meanwhile, it also allows fast degradation of S2− pollutant from the water body to value‐added sulfur with 80% efficiency, for further reducing hydrogen cost and protection of the ecosystem. Connecting such a hybrid seawater electrolyzer to a commercial solar cell can harvest the hydrogen from seawater with better sustainability. This work may offer new opportunities for low‐cost hydrogen production from the unlimited ocean resources with environmental protection.
Architecting Silk Protein and Melanin for Photoresponsive and Self‐Healable Optoelectronic Skins
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Gogurla Narendar , Park Ji‐Yong , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe central processes driving biological phenomena are based on the conduction of ions and electrons in biomaterials, implying the possibility of achieving a fully biomaterial‐based electronic skin. However, finding the appropriate biomaterials for electronic skins is still challenging. Here, a photoresponsive, self‐healable, and biomaterial‐based optoelectronic skin (OE‐skin) fabricated with melanin nanoparticles and silk protein is proposed and the electronic properties and their mechanisms in the artificially generated OE‐skin are reported. Not only does silk protein hydrogel provide a transparent and skin‐compatible platform for use as OE‐skin but it also provides the appropriate environment for melanin to demonstrate high electrical conductivity. The OE‐skin can be considered a p‐type semiconducting material showing high conductivity of up to 6 mS cm−1 in addition to a 40% enhancement in the conductivity by green laser and ultraviolet light emitting diode illuminations. Additionally, the OE‐skin autonomously heals itself from multiple cuts, allowing the restoration of its electrical properties. These material properties enable applications for strain‐sensors, humidity sensors, and ultraviolet light sensors, as well as image pixels to convert light‐lettering into electrical signals. The proposed fully biomaterial‐based OE material platform offers a new way for next‐generation electronic skins to achieve a seamless interface with the human body.
Tough, Antifreezing, and Conductive Hydrogel Based on Gelatin and Oxidized Dextran
Authors: Cao Lilong , Zhao Zhijie , Wang Xueying , Huang Xueli , Li Junjie , Wei Yuping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractForming natural polymers‐based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, outstanding antifreezing property and superior conductivity is still a challenge. Here, gelatin/oxidized dextran hydrogel is fabricated and it shows enhanced mechanical performance, antifreeze tolerance, and conductivity due to the synergistic interaction of ammonium sulfate and betaine. The resulting gelatin/oxidized dextran/(NH4)2SO4/betaine hydrogel exhibits high stretchability (570%), tough tensile (2.49 MPa) and compressive (46.41 MPa) fracture strength, favorable tensile (6.05 MJ m−3) and compressive (3.08 MJ m−3) toughness, antifreezing property (−30 °C) and high conductivity (2.86 S m−1). Based on the above characteristics, the hydrogel is applied for strain sensor to monitor the joints motion of human body such as finger, wrist, elbow, knee, neck, and throat. The hydrogel can maintain good mechanical performance and stable sensing signal from 25 to −30 °C. Therefore, the designed hydrogel based on natural polymers shows a huge potential for tissue engineering and biosensing under the mild or extreme environment.
Ultrahigh Resolution Photodetector Arrays of Organic Single Microcrystals Self‐Aligned on Prepatterned Electrodes
Authors: Fang Zhenyu , Wang Hong , Liang Junfeng , Wang Zhifang , Wang Wenchong , Huang Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh resolution and high performance single crystal organic photodetectors are of significance for applications in image sensing such as finger‐print scanner and intelligent gesture recognition. The ever‐increasing accuracy requirements put challenges of high‐definition and single crystal fabrication for organic opto‐electronics. Here a photolithography compatible method, to self‐assemble microsized organic single crystal directly on predetermined electrodes, forming ultrahigh resolution single crystal arrays with pixel per inch of 1.7 K, is reported. An addressable device array with read‐out electrodes is further demonstrated, which contains 3 × 6 photodetectors with the size of single device of 6 × 10 µm2. At last, a light signal of letter “S” is read by this array.