bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field measurement system in vertical status for superconducting undulator cooled in Dewar
Authors: Chen Zilin , He Ping , Li Yuhui , Yang Xiangchen , Wei Junhao , Zhang Xiangzhen , Bian Xiaojuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Superconducting undulators (SCUs) for advanced light sources are being developed rapidly to emit light with higher brightness and flux. The SCU consists of two superconducting magnets with a small gap, each with alternating poles. The SCU is invisible when operating in a Dewar or cryostat, so measuring the magnetic field in the narrow magnetic gap is a challenge in the development of the SCU. This paper presents a measurement system in vertical status for scanning the magnetic field of the SCU along the z-axis. The SCU is immersed vertically in 4.2 K liquid helium in a Dewar and the scanning is powered by a servo motor at room temperature. The measurement system overcomes the temperature difference of 300 K to drive the Hall probes to scan the magnetic field in the narrow magnetic gap of the SCU. In order to make the scanning area of the Hall probes coincide with the trajectory of the electron beam, a lot of detailed work on mechanical aspects has been done, such as controlling the positional accuracy of the Hall probes as they move, high precision machining and limiting the direction of movement. Unlike the currently reported magnetic field scans in the vertical status which are only available for SCU mock-ups of few periods, this system supports magnetic field measurements for SCUs up to 1.5 m long. The measurement system was validated on a 20-period SCU prototype, and after modification, the magnetic field of a liquid helium-cooled 30.5-period SCU was scanned. When the excitation current of the SCU with a magnetic gap of 7 mm is 450 A, the system measured a field distribution with a peak magnetic field of 1 T. The measurement system completed a full stroke trial run of 1750 mm before the 1.5 m SCU was machined. The results of magnetic field measurement from scanning in vertical status can be used as a reference for local shimming and correction of the magnetic poles of the SCU. This work establishes the SCU's ability to operate in cryostat horizontally.
A new theoretical engagement framework for citizen science projects: using a multi-temporal approach to address long-term public engagement challenges
Authors: Liñán Sonia , Salvador Xavier , Álvarez Ana , Comaposada Andrea , Sanchez Laura , Aparicio Nuria , Rodero Ivan , Piera Jaume 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effective citizen engagement is generally accepted as one of the most important steps for the success of citizen science programs. However, there is a lack of a common theoretical framework for recruitment and most projects rely on intuition or trial-and-error to develop their engagement strategies. Effective citizen science engagement needs theoretical participation frameworks and the concurrent action of different engagement roles to implement the framework. Besides, we must consider the various short-term and long-term engagement needs of the communities involved in the project. Furthermore, citizen science platforms are evolving towards infrastructures with technical but also social components to ensure long-term engagement. In this study, we have developed and tested an engagement framework for environmental citizen science projects using a novel approach that combines strategies and theoretical models that have proven efficient in other disciplines, such as human behaviour change and persuasion. Our framework is based on four interconnected pillars that feed each other: theoretical engagement models for behavioural change; social design for citizen science platforms; strategies for maintaining volunteer motivation; and strategies to increment the volunteers’ ability. The combination of these four pillars results in a framework that integrates both short-term and long-term interaction mechanisms. This multi-temporal approach ensures keeping volunteers motivated and engaged for long periods, a requirement for many citizen science-monitoring programs. In addition, the theoretical framework points out the benefits of considering citizen science projects as a collaboration between multiple stakeholders to ensure long-term engagement. These stakeholders include the volunteers, but also new roles such as enabling communities that act as a bridge between volunteers and academia. Specifically, we have successfully tested this framework in a marine citizen science case study that monitors urban beaches. Furthermore, together with the proposed framework, we provide specific guidelines to help managers to design tailored strategies for their citizen science projects.
Pesticide contamination of freshwater ecosystems: mapping vulnerable areas and mitigation scenarios in the Prosecco DOCG wine production area
Authors: Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Ferrarese Francesco , Pizarro Patricia Mariot , Loddo Donato , De Marchi Massimo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are the most vulnerable environments worldwide and the most biodiverse, providing essential ecosystem services. The role of land management in agriculture is paramount with the dramatic increase in pesticides: two million tonnes used worldwide (47.5% herbicides, 29.5% insecticides, and 17.5% fungicides) are jeopardising freshwater ecosystems. Concerns about the risk of pesticide contamination from viticulture have led to implementing nature-based mitigation measures (buffer strips and hedgerows) and technical improvements. The general aim is to assess spatial proximity among vineyards and river networks within the Prosecco denominazione di origine controllata (DOCG) area to identify potential critical areas for pesticide contamination. Specific objectives are: (a) mapping vineyards within the Prosecco DOCG area, (b) identifying river banks with a higher probability of experiencing pesticide contamination, and (c) mapping critical areas potentially affected by pesticide contamination. Spatial modelling was based on very high geometric resolution ortophotos (0.5 m), laser imaging, detection, and ranging (LiDAR) data (1 m), and morpho-hydrological parameters of the river network. Proximity and morpho-hydrological modelling showed that due to little distance from Prosecco croplands (5–20 m), freshwater ecosystems may be affected in different basins by spray drift pesticide contamination. Distances between vineyards and streams were shown to be critical, as 35.7% and 13.9% of river banks were within 20 m and 5 m distance from vineyards, respectively. Furthermore, 52% of basins presented river banks intersecting vineyards at 5 m, while 37% were within 20 m distance. Such hotspots should be investigated in the field for watershed-based quality assessment. However, mitigation scenarios indicate that spray drift contamination might be reduced by 75%, minimising the effect from 20 m to 5 m distance from vineyards and, therefore, avoiding reaching part of riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Geovisualisation of river banks proximity at watershed level offered insight into area with high probability of experiencing pesticide contamination from vineyards due to spray drift.
Pectinase Activities of Selected Fungi Grown on Agrowastes via Solid-state Fermentation
Authors: Ametefe G. D. , Lemo A. O. , Orji F. A. , Lawal A. K. , Iweala E. E. J. , Chinedu S. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pectinases accelerate the breakdown of the glycosidic bonds in pectin into simpler forms. Pectinases in the study were produced using three extraction solvents, three fungi, and six substrates. Citrate buffer, distilled water and 0.1 M NaCl were utilized as extraction solvents. Penicillium sp, Pichia kudriavzevii F2-T429-5 and Aspergillus niger were selectively isolated from the environment and identified. The substrates include; wheat bran, banana peels, orange peels, corn cobs, Thaumatococcus daniellii (sweet prayer plant) fruit peels, and leaves in solid-state fermentation. The dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) technique was used to determine pectinase activity. In comparison to distilled water, the study found that extracting the enzyme from the fermentation medium with 0.1 M NaCl solvent resulted in considerable (p<0.05) activity. The best substrate and fungus were orange peels and Aspergillus niger, respectively. In general, when compared to the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii F2-T429-5, the molds (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger) produced pectinases with higher activity. Orange peel resulted in pectinase production with significant (p<0.05) activity compared to wheat bran, banana peels, corn cobs, Thaumatococcus daniellii (sweet prayer plant) fruit peels, and leaves. Additionally, Pichia kudriavzevii F2-T429-5 in Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit peel fermentation produced pectinase with the lowest activity. The inference drawn from the study shows the potential of T. daniellii fruit peels, its leaves, and Pichia kudriavzevii F2-T429-5 for pectinase production.
Hygiene Assessment of Paper Currency and Fomites Handled by Food Vendors in Covenant University
Authors: Nwinyi Obinna C. , Chukwukadibia Somachi Q. , Kayode-Afolayan Olushola D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fomites have been known to harbor significant amount of microbial load and its handling by food vendors poses a significant risk to consumers. In this study, swab samples were collected from vendors handling paper currency; their food contaminated hands, and selected foods-Akara, Suya and Bole. These fomites were evaluated for organisms that may pose a risk of food infection/contamination. The organisms isolated were identified based on their macroscopic, mi-croscopic and biochemical characteristics and comparison with standard reference organisms. From the results obtained, the paper currency had the highest numbers of bacterial and fungal load (too numerous to count – TNTC), food contaminated hands ranged between 12 x 105- 15 x105 cfu/g and the selected foods- Akara, Suya and Bole had 7x105- 12 x105 cfu/g. The bacteria members’ species recorded include Pseudomonas, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter sp, Aeromonas hydrophila, Micrococcus luteus. Others include Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus. The fungal species reported include Aspergillus, Yeast, Penicillium sp. and Saccharomyces spp. Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp. Members of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were noted to occur on all the samples surveyed. From this study, it can be deduced that handling of paper currencies by food vendors could serve as a direct and indirect pathway for man-microbe interface.
Genetic Diversity, Conservation and Improvement of Gongronema latifolium Benth., in South-Eastern Nigeria Using the Internal Transcribed Spacer – ITS
Authors: Conrad Omonhinmin A. , Chinedu Onuselogu C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Gongronema latifolium Benth., is listed among the important vegetable with medicinal attributes. Its native habitat currently threatened in Nigeria and there is death of molecular genetic information important for breeding and conservation purposes. To study the species genetic diversity, 50 accessions were collected from South Eastern Nigeria where the species is endemic and was subjected to molecular evaluation using the non-coding internal transcribed spacer (ITS 4 and 5) location. Relatively high within population gene diversity and low nucleotide (base) diversity was identified among the fifty (50) accessions. AMOVA analysis highlighted 93% within population diversity (variations). FST = 0.074 genetic differentiation was recorded for genetic diversity. Principle component analysis (PCA) segregated the accessions into four large groups (A-D), along non-geographical lines; with four outliers’ accessions; AwkCH051 (Akwa Ibom), EnuCH014 (Enugu), EboCH036 and EboCH037 (Ebonyi). Expectedly, the species recorded low-moderate genetic diversity common for organisms experiencing decreasing cover range. Enugu recorded the least within population diversity and Ebonyi showed higher diversity than states and might constitute the core of a possible genetic centre for the species. The outlier accessions represent potential parental lines for breeding and improvement programmes. Conservation efforts comprising in situ and ex situ strategies are required to arrest the declining diversity of the species in its native range across Southern Nigeria. Conservation and improvement efforts will sustain the uses of the plants, reduce poverty and improve the livelihood of gatherers, farmers and vendors of the plant, who are particularly women in the region.
Estimation of Residents Exposure Risks to Radiological Parameters in Some Building Materials in Nigeria
Authors: Adewoyin Olusegun O. , Omeje Maxwell , Akinwumi S. A. , Zaidi Embong , Ogundiran Funso A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some of the brands of tiles commonly available in the markets in Nigeria, which are used for building purposes, were analysed in order to estimate the concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides. The analysis was done with the aid of High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The results revealed that the average activity concentrations in the sample of tiles, cement and sand varied from 41 ± 4 to 96 ± 8.3, 27 ± 9.5 to 76.5 ± 2.5 and 140 ± 7.9 to 940 ± 19.2 Bqkg−1 for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K, respectively. The results obtained were used to determine the impact of these building materials on users. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq) ranged between 125 – 280 Bqkg−1 and were observed to be lower than 370 Bqkg−1 in all the samples tested, which is the recommended safe limit. Similarly, the absorbed dose rates were noted to vary from 51.00 – 122.52 nGyh−1. However, one of the samples examined showed a result of 122.52 nGyh− for the indoor absorbed dose rate (DR), which is higher than the internationally recommended safe value of 80 nGyh−1according to USEPA. The results revealed that the building materials investigated do not pose any danger to the end users.
Contemporary Shelter in the Built Environment: A Comparative Review of Social Housing Schemes in Selected European and African Nations
Authors: Aduwo Egidario Bridgette , Ejale Eghonghon Anne , Ibem Eziyi Offia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Social Housing remains highly essential in providing affordable shelter in urban and peri-urban settlements. However, pressures from liberalisation, public expenditures, and privatisation continue to threaten its availability. This paper reviews contemporary social housing trends and compares Europe’s established social housing scheme to Africa’s emerging schemes. This was achieved by identifying the similarities between social housing in the UK and the Netherlands and social Housing in Nigeria and South Africa and identifying the differences between them. Relevant literature was reviewed to give a detailed but straightforward account of the Netherlands, UK, South Africa, and Nigeria based on allocation policy, target occupants, ownership scheme, mode of finance, and the challenges faced. The studies conclude that there are more similarities between social Housing in Europe and Africa than differences. However, the most fundamental difference is the type of challenges they face. The challenges observed in Europe’s social housing schemes are social problems such as segregation and bad public image. In contrast, Africa’s social housing challenges are socio-economical in terms of lack of funds, poor planning, and implementation of policies. The outcome from this study is targeted at promoting the implementation of sustainable social housing schemes at the policy level.
Investigation of The Impact of Noise Control Strategies in Sustainable Building Design
Authors: Adewale B. A. , Stephanie Mozimo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The design of each city inextricably influences the pattern of noise pollution across the globe. Many aspects of urban planning can significantly affect vehicular distribution, traffic conditions, and the volume of traffic. Lagos State, in particular, is afflicted by some of these factors. Numerous studies have established the significance of noise control strategies in this context. This paper focused on precautionary noise control strategies incorporated at the design stage, which are an integral part of a sustainable urban planning approach. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire from a sample consisting of 96 designers and 67 users of mixed-use buildings in Lagos state; as these building types promote sustainability in building design. This research utilized the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze data. The results reveal which noise control strategies have been adopted and implemented in sustainable building designs and as a result, its users are not affected by external noise sources. The study’s findings had a positive impact on the implementation of sustainable urban planning strategies that incorporate precautionary noise control strategies.
Effects of Wastewater Management on the Environment: A Case Study of Selected Shopping Malls in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelami B. J. , Sholanke A. B. , Ekhaese O. N. E. , Olusore S. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study investigated wastewater management in selected shopping malls in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria and the effects on the environment, towards identifying areas for possible improvement. The study adopted a qualitative methodology. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary fieldwork data were collected using structured observation and interview guide, while secondary data were gathered from both published and unpublished literature by textual analysis. The study discovered that the wastewater management system employed by the shopping malls investigated were mainly on-site wastewater management systems that were not effective as a result of the way they were poorly managed. The shopping malls were found to release greywater into the environment that is leading to environmental degradation of the study environs. The study recommended that relevant government waste management authorities need to do more to ensure that shopping malls and other commercial public facilities, manage their wastes in line with standard best practices, to avoid degrading the environment. The authorities are to check and approve the design of wastewater management systems, as well as conduct routine checks to ascertain that the systems are functioning as expected, towards achieving a better wastewater management effective and sustainable environment.
Architectural Mitigating Strategies for Air Pollution in the Built Environment
Authors: Igwe Ajuluchukwu E. , Ezema Emmanuel C. , Okeke Francis O. , Okpalike Cyriacus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Air pollution and air pollutants effect on humans and the atmosphere in general, is now an issue of great concern to researchers globally. Consequently, efficient mitigating strategies need to be introduced for the sake of the environment and most importantly human health. To this effect, this study aims to investigate possible ways through which architecture can help curb air pollution and air pollutants in the atmosphere through innovative architectural design strategies and controlled construction practices, with specific guidelines on how to achieve these strategies. The study in the quest to achieve the above aim employed the literature review research design, with particular reference to works of literature that dwelt on innovative and sustainable design strategies within the built environment. Evidence in literature reveals that air pollution is one of the major issues faced by man due to high level of industrialization and lots of other human activities, with a majority of the research dwelling on how pollutants are being generated but just a few studies dealt on how architectural and construction practices contribute to air pollution and the possible ways to reduce the effect of air pollution and air pollutant to the atmosphere through innovative design strategies, which is where this study plays a major role in filling that gap. The research finding from this study ascertained that all stages of building development projects from the inception of the project to its deconstruction release pollutants into the atmosphere. It concludes that the most effective way of controlling air pollution within the built environment is through the use of greenery (bio facade) and adopting a sustainable design system. The study will help inform government environmental agencies, architects, urban planners, builders, and all other stakeholders in the built environment on sustainable ways to tackle air pollution in the urban areas, most especially where there is no luxury of land for the planting of trees and vegetation.
Spatial Distribution of Gamma Dose Rates in the Marine Environment of Unumherin Community in Niger Delta, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Aimua Godfrey U. , Omeje Maxwell , Adewoyin Olusegun O. , Usikalu Mojisola R. , Joel Sunday E. , Ekwueme Benjamin N. , Ifeanyi Oha A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the radioactivity distribution of coastal polluted areas of Unumherin Community in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The measurement of the outdoor dose rate of the polluted coastlines was carried out using calibrated hand-held gamma detector, (RS-125 Gamma-Spec). The spatial distribution of gamma dose rate indicates the hotspot at location 4 with a value of 100 nGy/h. Maximum and minimum values of the absorbed dose-rate was observed in location 4 with the value of 100 nGyh
−1 and location 15 with the value of 2 nGyh
−1, respectively. This is an indicative that the risk of ionizing radiation exposures is much higher for location 4 than other locations. This higher value of 100 nGyh
−1 is far more than the recommended limit of 59.00 and 84.00 nGyh
−1 provided by UNSCEAR, 2000. The community requires much more radiological monitoring for the safety of human and ecosystem.
Climate Justice and Biodiversity
Authors: Vasiliev Denis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global climate change is affecting both natural environment and human society. National governments engage in climate mitigation actions. Transnational agreements such as Paris Agreement and recent UN Climate change conference (COP 26) intend to foster global collaboration on tackling climate change. However, activities and policies aiming to address the problem may either undermine integrity of the natural environment and human society or can contribute to sustainable development. Here climate justice plays the central role. Pursuing climate justice paradigm, may environmental organizations to prove central role of forest conservation in mitigation of climate change. This is likely to allow avoiding trade-offs between clime, economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives. Multiple real live examples demonstrate the potential of climate justice as a central principle of climate actions to allow finding win-win solutions. The central principle of climate actions and policies should be avoiding harm to biodiversity and indigenous peoples. The approach is likely to ensure sustainable development and success in addressing climate change.