bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose tolerance of iguanas is affected by high-sugar diets in the lab and supplemental feeding by ecotourists in the wild
Authors: French Susannah S. , Hudson Spencer B. , Webb Alison C. , Knapp Charles R. , Virgin Emily E. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Lewis Erin L. , Iverson John B. , DeNardo Dale F. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThere is great interspecific variation in the nutritional composition of natural diets, and the varied nutritional content is physiologically tolerated because of evolutionarily based balances between diet composition and processing ability. However, as a result of landscape change and human exposure, unnatural diets are becoming widespread among wildlife without the necessary time for evolutionary matching between the diet and its processing. We tested how a controlled, unnatural high glucose diet affects glucose tolerance using captive green iguanas, and we performed similar glucose tolerance tests on wild Northern Bahamian rock iguanas that are either frequently fed grapes by tourists or experience no such supplementation. We evaluated both short and longer-term blood glucose responses and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations as changes have been associated with altered diets. Experimental glucose supplementation in the laboratory and tourist feeding in the wild both significantly affected glucose metabolism. When iguanas received a glucose-rich diet, we found greater acute increases in blood glucose following a glucose challenge. Relative to unfed iguanas, tourist-fed iguanas had significantly lower baseline CORT, higher baseline blood glucose, and slower returns to baseline glucose levels following a glucose challenge. Therefore, unnatural consumption of high amounts of glucose alters glucose metabolism in laboratory iguanas with short-term glucose treatment and free-living iguanas exposed to long-term feeding by tourists. Based on these results and the increasing prevalence of anthropogenically altered wildlife diets, the consequences of dietary changes on glucose metabolism should be further investigated across species, as such changes in glucose metabolism have health consequences in humans (e.g. diabetes).
Service Chains’ Operational Strategies: Standardization or Customization? Evidence from the Nursing Home Industry
Authors: Kong Lu , Hu Kejia , Verma Rohit 
Published: April 2022

Problem definition: We investigate how the degree of standardization (DoS) across service chain-belonging units impacts units’ performance outcomes. We study this question in the nursing home industry, focusing on the DoS in three operational dimensions—customer mix, service offering, and service delivery—and its impact on three nursing home outcomes: financial performance, clinical outcome, and resident welfare. Academic/practical relevance: All service chains must decide how unique or standardized each of their units should be, but it is unclear how this decision affects units’ performance outcomes. We assess standardization strategies in multiple operational dimensions in chain-belonging nursing homes and their impact on important operational outcomes, and generalize our findings to other service industries. Methodology: We use a panel data set covering 11 years (2005–2015) of comprehensive measurements of all nursing homes in the United States. We estimate the relationship between the DoS and important nursing home outcomes using fixed-effect models with instrumental variables and clustered standard errors. Results: We find that chain-belonging nursing homes that (1) customize service delivery and standardize customer mix relative to the chain norm tend to experience improved financial performance; (2) standardize customer mix tend to experience improved clinical outcome; and (3) customize service delivery tend to experience enhanced resident welfare. Managerial implications: To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic multidimensional assessment of multiunit service firms’ standardization strategies from a chain perspective. Our results guide nursing home chains in their (1) strategies of within-chain standardization, and (2) investment decisions in acquiring new properties. Our results also provide broader managerial insights for service chains’ standardization strategies and merging and acquisition activities. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1111 .
When Does a CEO’s Risk Propensity Drive Exploration in Product Development?
Authors: Lavie Dovev , Klarner Patricia 
Published: April 2022

We advance research on the managerial antecedents of exploration by studying personal, organizational, and environmental conditions under which a CEO’s risk propensity shapes a firm’s tendency to explore in product development. Our panel data analysis of 219 firms in the prepackaged software industry reveals that, when a CEO is risk-prone, the CEO’s ability to drive exploration increases with the CEO’s power in the firm, which manifests in tenure, duality, and insider origin. Counter to expectations, however, the firm’s accumulated exploration experience does not reinforce, but rather attenuates the effect of the CEO’s risk propensity on exploration. We attribute this to firms’ quest for balance between exploration and exploitation and the need to counter the CEO’s risk propensity when exploration becomes excessive. Finally, we find that competitive pressure in the firm’s product market reinforces the ability of a CEO who is more risk-prone to garner support for further exploration. Our study advances a dynamic perspective that relates the heterogeneity in firms’ exploration tendencies to the behavioral inclinations of their CEOs.Funding: Dovev Lavie acknowledges his fellowship with the Invernizzi Center for Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship and the ICRIOS Seed [Grant 25435].
A national survey on enhanced recovery for renal transplant recipients: current practices and trends in the UK
Authors: Amer A , Scuffell C , Dowen F , Wilson CH , Manas DM 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is well established in many specialties but has not been widely adopted in renal transplantation. The aim of this survey was to understand current national practices and sentiment concerning ERAS for renal transplant recipients in the UK. Methodology A national web-based survey was sent to consultant surgeons at all 23 UK adult renal transplant units. Completed questionnaires were collected between May and July 2020. Data were analysed according to individual responses and grouped according to the existence of formal ERAS pathways within units. Results All transplant units were represented in this survey. Three units had a formal ERAS pathway for all recipients. Of the remaining units, 65.9% considered implementing an ERAS pathway in the near future. The most commonly perceived barrier to ERAS implementation was ‘embedded culture within transplant units’ (54.8% of respondents). A fifth of respondents insert surgical drains selectively and 11.7% routinely discontinue patient-controlled analgesia on postoperative day 1. Most respondents routinely remove urinary catheters on day 5 (70%) and ureteric stents 4–6 weeks post-transplantation (81.7%). Median length of stay for deceased donor kidney transplant recipients was lower in units with ERAS programmes (5–7 days versus 8–10 days, respectively). The main cited barriers for discharge were ‘suboptimal fluid balance’ and ‘requirement of treatment for rejection’. Conclusions Despite slow uptake of ERAS in kidney transplantation, appetite appears to be increasing, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. The current practice and opinions of transplant specialists highlighted in this survey may help to establish nationally agreed ERAS guidelines in this field.
Severe acute pancreatitis in the early postoperative period due to afferent loop syndrome following gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Kandhala S , Kumar N , Goswami AG , Rai A , Mallik D , Chauhan U , Basu S 
Published: April 2022

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is an uncommon complication of gastrojejunostomy. It may be acute or chronic depending on whether symptoms manifest within 7 days of surgery. Rarely acute ALS may give rise to acute pancreatitis. It may present early in the postoperative course and, if diagnosed late, may result in organ failure within 48h. We report a middle-aged woman with carcinoma of the stomach managed by subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy and Braun jejunojejunostomy. The patient developed vomiting and abdominal pain in the first postoperative day with acute renal shutdown and about 500ml drain output of dirty fluid. On investigation, a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis due to afferent loop syndrome was made, and the patient was resuscitated in the intensive care unit. However, she showed early signs of organ failure and succumbed to her condition within 6 days of surgery. Since the complication is rare following gastrojejunostomy and often mimics ALS, an early diagnosis becomes difficult. If delay in management happens, premature organ failure may lead to high morbidity and mortality.
Paediatric quality-of-life following adenotonsillectomy: an evaluation of T14 paediatric throat disorder quality-of-life outcomes according to operative indication
Authors: Puttasiddaiah PM , Morris S , Costello RC , Whittet HB 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Adenotonsillectomy is the most common surgical intervention for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or recurrent tonsillitis. The Paediatric Throat Disorder Quality of Life Outcome (T14) questionnaire is a validated tool completed by parents to compare the outcome of surgery by measuring the pre- and postoperative scores. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality-of-life outcome in children undergoing surgical intervention for recurrent tonsillitis and/or OSA. Methods This was a prospective, uncontrolled study of 117 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy at a single tertiary ear, nose and throat department. An analysis of pre- and postoperative T14 paediatric throat disorder quality-of-life outcomes was undertaken at 12 months. Results Of the 117 children, 105 were included in the study sample; 75 with recurrent tonsillitis, 8 with OSA and 22 with both tonsillitis and OSA. All children had an improved T14 score postoperatively. The greatest change in pre- and postoperative T14 score was observed in the tonsillitis and OSA combined group (mean change −29.36, p<0.001). However, an improvement in T14 score was also noted in the tonsilitis (−24.453, p<0.001) and OSA groups (−14.25, p<0.001). Conclusions This study found a statistically significant improvement in the T14 quality-of-life score at 12 months postoperatively in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. This demonstrates improved parental perception of their child’s symptoms for all operative indications of adenotonsillectomy.
Revisiting the Fabry–Perot reflectivity method for mid-infrared optical index measurement: case study of InGaAs, AlInAs, and InP
Authors: Quinchard G. , Poletti T. , Zakhama R. , Pereira J. , Larrue A. , Badano G. , Licitra C. , de Lamaestre R. Espiau , Reverchon J. L. , Delga A. 
Published: April 2022

We revisit the Fabry–Perot (FP) reflectivity method to measure optical indices in the mid-infrared spectrum. This simple approach can be readily implemented using a standard Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Measuring samples with multiple heights allows for enhanced precision of the measurement, making the FP method consistent in values and uncertainties with more advanced ellipsometric measurements. An extensive discussion about experimental errors is carried out. Results between 4 and 12 µm for AlInAs, n-doped InGaAs, and InP, which are the most standard materials for quantum cascade lasers, are given.
Development and evaluation of ActSeq: A targeted next-generation sequencing panel for clinical oncology use
Authors: Shi Zonggao , Lopez Jacqueline , Kalliney William , Sutton Bobbie , Simpson Joyce , Maggert Kevin , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , Stack M. Sharon 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The demand for high-throughput genetic profiling of somatic mutations in cancer tissues is growing. We sought to establish a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel test for clinical oncology practice.

Methods
Customized probes were designed to capture exonic regions of 141 genes selected for the panel, which was aimed for the detection of clinically actionable genetic variations in cancer, including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, ALK, ROS1, KIT and EGFR. The size of entire targeted regions is 0.8 Mb. Library preparation used NEBNext Ultra II FS kit coupled with target enrichment. Paired-end sequencing was run on Illumina NextSeq 500 at a read length of 150 nt. A bioinformatics workflow focusing on single nucleotide variant and short insertions and deletions (SNV/indel) discovery was established using open source, in-house and commercial software tools. Standard reference DNA samples were used in testing the sensitivity and precision and limit of detection in variant calling.

Results
The general performance of the panel was observed in pilot runs. Average total reads per sample ranged from 30 million to 48 million, 73% ~82% unique reads. All runs had more than 99% average mapping rate. Mean target coverage ranged from 727x to 879x. Depth of coverage at 50x or more reached 87% of targeted region and 60% of targeted region received 500x or more coverage depth. Using OncoSpan HD827 DNA, which bears 144 variants (SNV/indel) from 80 genes that are within the targeted region on the panel, our somatic variant calling pipeline reached 97% sensitivity and 100% precision respectively, with near 48 million reads. High concordance with orthogonal approaches in variant detection was further verified with 7 cancer cell lines and 45 clinical specimens.

Conclusion
We developed a NGS panel with a focus on clinically actionable gene mutations and validated the performance in library construction, sequencing and variant calling. High concordance with reference materials and orthogonal mutation detection was observed.
Patients’ experiences and perspectives of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical care: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Carfora Liam , Foley Ciara M. , Hagi-Diakou Phillip , Lesty Phillip J. , Sandstrom Marianne L. , Ramsey Imogen , Kumar Saravana 
Published: April 2022

Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are used by clinicians in everyday clinical practice to assess patients’ perceptions of their own health and the healthcare they receive. By providing insight into how illness and interventions impact on patients’ lives, they can help to bridge the gap between clinicians’ expectations and what matters most to the patient. Given increasing focus on patient-centred care, the objective of this meta-synthesis was to summarise the qualitative evidence regarding patients’ perspectives and experiences of the use of PROMs in clinical care.

Methods
A systematic search of the following databases was undertaken in August 2020: Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE, PsychINFO, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research (CASP). A meta-ethnographic approach was used for data extraction and meta-synthesis of findings (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020202506).

Results
Fourteen studies from a range of countries with differing qualitative research methodologies were identified. Three themes were identified, namely ‘patient preferences regarding PROMs’, ‘patient perceived benefits’ and ‘barriers to patient engagement with PROMs’. The perspectives of patients suggested they preferred PROMs that were simple and relevant to their conditions and found benefits in the way they facilitated self-reflection and effective communication with their clinicians. Patients, however, questioned the relevance of some individual questions and purpose.

Conclusion
PROMs can be a useful tool in the clinical setting by enabling individualisation and patient centred care. This meta-synthesis provides insights into what patients find beneficial as well as barriers to their engagement, highlighting the importance of educating patients about PROMs.
The physical activity health paradox and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Johansson Melker S. , Holtermann Andreas , Marott Jacob L. , Prescott Eva , Schnohr Peter , Korshøj Mette , Søgaard Karen 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundStudies indicate that physical activity during leisure and work have opposite associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, referred to as the physical activity health paradox. We investigated how sedentary behaviour and physical activity types during leisure and work are associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in an adult general population sample using compositional data analysis.MethodsParticipants wore accelerometers for 7 days (right thigh and iliac crest; 24 h/day) and had their SBP, WC, and LDL-C measured. Accelerometer data was analysed using the software Acti4 to derive daily time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity types. The measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) high-intensity physical activity (HIPA; sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling, and rowing), during both domains.ResultsIn total, 652 participants were included in the analyses (median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). During leisure, the results indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking or more HIPA was associated with lower SBP, while during work, the findings indicated an association with higher SBP. During both domains, the findings indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was associated with a smaller WC and lower LDL-C. However, the findings indicated less sedentary behaviour and more walking to be associated with a larger WC and higher LDL-C, regardless of domain.ConclusionsDuring leisure, less sedentary behaviour and more walking or HIPA seems to be associated with a lower SBP, but, during work, it seems to be associated with a higher SBP. No consistent differences between domains were observed for WC and LDL-C. These findings highlight the importance of considering the physical activity health paradox, at least for some risk factors for CVD.
Interest in Infectious Diseases specialty among Japanese medical students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Yuki , Tokumasu Kazuki , Honda Hiroyuki , Nishimura Yoshito , Obika Mikako , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe emergence of the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has led to huge disruptions in the medical field and society. The significance of training and education for experts has been increasingly acknowledged in Japan, where the number of infectious disease (ID) specialists is reportedly insufficient. In this paper, we report the results of a web-based survey that was conducted to reveal the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced medical students’ awareness of ID specialists and future career choices.MethodThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in March 2021 and targeted 717 medical students belonging to Medical School of Okayama University, Japan. The questionnaire consisted of four questions meant to assess students’ knowledge and future intentions of becoming ID specialists.ResultsWe obtained 328 eligible questionnaires (response rate: 45.7%). Of 227 (69.2%) students who were aware of ID specialists, 99 (43.6%) answered that they came to know about them only after the pandemic, 12 (3.7%) answered that their interest in being an ID specialist arose during the pandemic, while 36 (11.0%) responded that they would rather not become ID specialists. At the time of the survey, 5 students (1.5%) were aiming to become ID specialists.ConclusionWe observed a very low rate of interest to be an ID specialist among medical students. The experience of the pandemic does not seem to have influenced Japanese medical students to choose ID as a specialty for their careers. Continuous efforts to increase the number of ID specialists are necessary in Japan as a countermeasure against the coming pandemic.
Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)
Authors: LeGrand Cathleen 
Published: April 2022

Review of: Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)
Bristol: Intellect, 211 pp.,
ISBN 987-1-78938-168-9, h/bk, £100
Numéro 170 - avril2022
Authors: Guichard Lucas , Machado Joël , Maystadt Jean-François 
Published: April 2022

L’afflux de réfugiés ukrainiens est inédit dans l’histoire de l’Europe depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Fin mars 2022, le Haut-Commissariat aux Réfugiés enregistre plus de 4 millions de réfugiés en provenance d’Ukraine. D’autres sources prédisent un total proche de 10 millions si la guerre perdure. Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous discutons d’abord des potentielles conséquences économiques associées, avant de souligner l’importance d’une coordination renforcée entre pays de l’Union européenne.
Le caractère historique de cet afflux de réfugiés ne doit pas faire oublier que la grande majorité des réfugiés continuera à résider dans des pays à faible ou moyen revenu, hors Union européenne. Une mise en perspective s’impose également quant à la capacité d’absorption des pays européens. Sans même évoquer les différences de richesse, le nombre de réfugiés ukrainiens représenterait à peine plus d’1% de la population européenne. Sans pour autant sous-estimer les défis liés à l’accueil des individus originaires d’Ukraine, la distribution des réfugiés au sein de l’Union européenne aura sans doute une incidence considérable sur les conséquences de cet épisode migratoire.
La littérature économique nous montre qu’à terme la migration n’a pas d’effets néfastes sur les finances publiques ou sur le marché du travail. Au contraire, les réfugiés peuvent contribuer de manière positive à leur économie d’accueil en occupant, par exemple, des emplois en manque de main d’oeuvre, en créant eux-mêmes du travail pour la population du pays d’accueil, ou simplement en consommant ou en investissant dans le pays de destination. Toutefois, il faudra du temps pour voir se matérialiser de tels effets économiques et ceux-ci sont sans doute conditionnés à une réception et une intégration réussies des réfugiés ukrainiens à court terme. À cet égard, nous soutenons qu’une plus grande coordination entre pays de l’Union européenne est nécessaire.
À l’aide de différentes clés de répartition, nous proposons certaines pistes pour déterminer une répartition plus équilibrée des réfugiés en fonction des capacités d’absorption de chaque pays. Un manque de coordination aboutirait certainement à une situation asymétrique où des pays comme l’Allemagne, la Pologne, la Tchéquie, la Hongrie et la Roumanie, caractérisés par une forte diaspora ukrainienne et proche géographiquement de l’Ukraine, accueilleraient la majorité des réfugiés. En supposant un rôle de soutien identique des réseaux ukrainiens entre les destinations, la Belgique en accueillerait moins de 40.000. Une entente sur la distribution des réfugiés ukrainiens à moyen terme, en fonction de critères comme la population, le PIB ou une combinaison des deux favoriserait une responsabilité partagée entre pays européens en fonction de leurs capacités d’absorption. Selon un scénario pessimiste de 10 millions de réfugiés ukrainiens, la Belgique devrait accueillir entre 259.000 et 305.000 individus.