bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative FLASH effectiveness model to reveal potentials and pitfalls of high dose rate proton therapy
Authors: Krieger Miriam , van de Water Steven , Folkerts Michael M. , Mazal Alejandro , Fabiano Silvia , Bizzocchi Nicola , Weber Damien C. , Safai Sairos , Lomax Antony J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeIn ultrahigh dose rate radiotherapy, the FLASH effect can lead to substantially reduced healthy tissue damage without affecting tumor control. Although many studies show promising results, the underlying biological mechanisms and the relevant delivery parameters are still largely unknown. It is unclear, particularly for scanned proton therapy, how treatment plans could be optimized to maximally exploit this protective FLASH effect.Materials and MethodsTo investigate the potential of pencil beam scanned proton therapy for FLASH treatments, we present a phenomenological model, which is purely based on experimentally observed phenomena such as potential dose rate and dose thresholds, and which estimates the biologically effective dose during FLASH radiotherapy based on several parameters. We applied this model to a wide variety of patient geometries and proton treatment planning scenarios, including transmission and Bragg peak plans as well as single‐ and multifield plans. Moreover, we performed a sensitivity analysis to estimate the importance of each model parameter.ResultsOur results showed an increased plan‐specific FLASH effect for transmission compared with Bragg peak plans (19.7% vs. 4.0%) and for single‐field compared with multifield plans (14.7% vs. 3.7%), typically at the cost of increased integral dose compared to the clinical reference plan. Similar FLASH magnitudes were found across the different treatment sites, whereas the clinical benefits with respect to the clinical reference plan varied strongly. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the threshold dose as well as the dose per fraction strongly impacted the FLASH effect, whereas the persistence time only marginally affected FLASH. An intermediate dependence of the FLASH effect on the dose rate threshold was found.ConclusionsOur model provided a quantitative measure of the FLASH effect for various delivery and patient scenarios, supporting previous assumptions about potentially promising planning approaches for FLASH proton therapy. Positive clinical benefits compared to clinical plans were achieved using hypofractionated, single‐field transmission plans. The dose threshold was found to be an important factor, which may require more investigation.
How should fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia be implemented in the post‐TOTAL trial era: A discussion
Authors: Deprest Jan , Flake Alan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFollowing prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severity can be predicted based on the presence of associated abnormalities, and in isolated cases, on lung size and position of the liver. Severe hypoplasia is defined by a contralateral lung size <25% on ultrasound; moderate hypoplasia is when that lung measures between 25% and 45% of the normal. In fetuses with predicted poor postnatal outcome a procedure that reverses pulmonary hypoplasia may be considered. In uncontrolled studies, fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) improved neonatal outcome. Recently, two randomized controlled trials compared the neonatal and infant outcomes in fetuses with isolated CDH (www.totaltrial.eu). In severe cases, FETO was carried out at 27+0–29+6 weeks' gestation (referred to as “early”) and in moderate at 30+0–31+6 weeks (“late”). Survival to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit increased by 25% (95%‐CI:+6 to +46; p = 0.0091) and 13% (−1 to +28; p = 0.059), in fetuses with severe and moderate cases, respectively. Following FETO gestational age at delivery was on average 3.2 (2.3–4.1) weeks earlier following early and 1.7 (1.1–2.3) following late FETO. Here the strengths and weaknesses of the TOTAL trials and their translation to the clinic are debated. Discussants are the lead for the trial (JD) and a colleague (AF) not involved. The discussant notes that the observed survival, both in treated and expectantly managed fetuses, was overall less than what is reported by some high volume centers, particularly in North America. Additional criticisms are the potential effects of prematurity on the long term, the inclusion of low‐volume centers, and the potential of FETO for severe iatrogenic complications. Therefore results may not be generalizable. The discussants concluded that although FETO may have its value it remains a procedure with a high risk for prematurity and it can be lethal when the balloon cannot be removed prior to delivery.Clinical trial registrationThe TOTAL trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01240057 (severe) and NCT00763737 (moderate).
A microfluidic platform for high‐purity cell free DNA extraction from plasma for non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Schneider Lindsay , Usherwood Thomas , Tripathi Anubhav 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesIncrease the yield and purity of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from plasma for non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as inefficiencies in this extraction and purification can dramatically affect the sensitivity and specificity of the test.MethodsThis work integrates cfDNA extraction from plasma with a microfluidic chip platform by combining magnetic bead‐based extraction and electroosmotic flow on the microfluidic chip. Various wash buffers and voltage conditions were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling and tested experimentally.ResultsWhen performing the first wash step of this assay on the microfluidic chip with 300 V applied across the channel there was a six‐fold increase in the A260/A230 ratio showing a significant improvement (p value 0.0005) in the purity of the extracted sample all while maintaining a yield of 68.19%. These values are critical as a high yield results in more sample to analyze and an increase in A260/A230 ratio corresponds to a decrease in salt contaminants such as guanidinium thiocyanate which can interfere with downstream processes during DNA library preparation and potentially hinder the NIPT screening results.ConclusionsThis technique has the potential to improve NIPT outcomes and other clinically relevant workflows that use cfDNA as an analyte such as cancer detection.
Outcomes of laser surgery for stage I twin‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Gomez Nicole G. , Monson Martha A. , Chon Andrew H. , Korst Lisa M. , Llanes Arlyn , Chmait Ramen H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveA recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated no difference in 6 month survival in expectantly managed stage I twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) patients and those undergoing immediate laser surgery. We aimed to describe outcomes following immediate laser surgery at a single fetal surgery center.MethodsA retrospective study of monochorionic diamniotic twins diagnosed with stage I TTTS who underwent laser surgery between 16 and 26 gestational weeks from 2006 to 2019. The primary outcome was 6 month survivorship. Intact survival was also assessed. Secondarily, outcomes were compared to the RCT expectant management group.ResultsOf 126 consecutive stage I TTTS patients, 114 (90.5%) met inclusion criteria. Median (range) gestational age at delivery was 34.1 (20.6–39.4) weeks. At 6 months, the proportion of patients with at‐least‐one survivor in the single‐center‐laser cohort was 97.4%, with 88.6% dual survivorship. Neurological morbidity outcomes were available in 110 pregnancies (220 fetuses). Severe neurological morbidity occurred in 2.7% (6/220), and 6 month survival without severe neurological morbidity was 90.0%. Outcomes compared favorably with the RCT expectant management group.ConclusionsGiven favorable survival and neurological outcomes, laser surgery is a reasonable treatment option for stage I TTTS at experienced fetal surgery centers. Further study is warranted to optimize treatment strategies.
Unconventional Electromagnetic Response of Strongly Coupled Nanoparticles in the Thermal Infrared Region: Link with Effective Medium Properties and Incoherent Fields
Authors: Guerra Timothée , De Sousa Meneses Domingos , Hugonin Jean‐Paul , Blanchard Cédric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effective refractive index (neff) of suspensions of subwavelength particles is calculated in resonant domains of the thermal infrared region. On account of strong cooperative effects, notable deviations arise from what is expected for small particles; these features include unusual activation of higher‐order multipoles despite the fact that the system can be homogenized and the manifestation of effective magnetic properties. The former feature leads to fundamental questions about the validity of the homogenization procedure, in particular regarding the meaning of the imaginary part of neff, that is absorption by the particles and therefore interrogates the degree to which the composite can be unrestrictedly described by an effective dielectric function. The latter feature offers interesting perspectives for the development of nanophotonic devices, based on dielectric subwavelength particles, exhibiting an effective magnetic response. Finally, the study of the coherent and incoherent decomposition of the field allows to demonstrate, counterintuitively, that a material can admit effective optical properties even in the presence of strong incoherent intensities and that the variance of the field over a statistical ensemble of configurations is a misleading indicator of scattering.
Epidemiology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Jansa Pavel , Ambrož David , Kuhn Matyáš , Dytrych Vladimír , Aschermann Michael , Černý Vladimír , Gressin Virginie , Heller Samuel , Kunstýř Jan , Širanec Michal , Song Ci , Linhart Aleš , Lindner Jaroslav , Muller Audrey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiology and survival outcomes of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in the Czech Republic, wherein pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) surgery was the only targeted treatment option until 2015. This study included all consecutive adults newly diagnosed with CTEPH in the Czech Republic between 2003 and 2016. Incidence/prevalence rates were calculated using general population data extracted from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival from diagnosis until 2018 were calculated. Of a total of 453 patients observed, 236 (52.1%) underwent PEA (median time from diagnosis to PEA: 2.9 months) and 71 (34.1%) had residual pulmonary hypertension (PH) post‐PEA. CTEPH incidence rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) between 2006 and 2016 was 4.47 (4.05; 4.91) patients per million (ppm) per year, and the prevalence (95% CI) was 37.43 (33.46; 41.73) ppm in 2016. The rate of CTEPH‐related hospitalizations (95% CI) per 100 person‐years was 24.4 (22.1; 26.9) for operated patients and 34.2 (30.9; 37.7) for not‐operated patients. Median overall survival (95% CI) for all patients from CTEPH diagnosis was 11.2 (9.4; not reached) years. Five‐year survival probability (95% CI) was 95.3% (89.9; 97.9) for operated patients without residual PH, 86.3% (75.3; 92.7) for operated patients with residual PH and 61.2% (54.0; 67.6) for not‐operated patients. This study reported epidemiological estimates of CTEPH in the Czech Republic consistent with estimates from other national systematic registries; and indicates an unmet medical need in not‐operated patients and operated patients with residual PH.
Antiferromagnetic Magnon Drag Effect and Giant On–Off Ratio in a Vertical Device
Authors: Zhou Yongjian , Guo Tingwen , Liao Liyang , Chen Xianzhe , Han Lei , Yin Siqi , Qiao Leilei , Huang Lin , Zhou Xiaofeng , Bai Hua , Chen Ruyi , Pan Feng , Song Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntiferromagnets offer unique advantages in the development of spintronics because of the absence of stray field, insensitivity to external disturbances and the ultrafast terahertz eigenfrequency, advancing the development of devices toward small‐size and high‐speed. However, the ultralow read‐out signals of antiferromagnetic spintronics are notoriously smaller than their ferromagnetic counterpart, seriously hindering the development of antiferromagnets. Thus, experimental realization of large read‐out signals in antiferromagnets, especially in vertical devices, is intensely pursued. Here the antiferromagnetic magnon drag effect and a giant on–off ratio of ≈1000 are realized in a vertical sandwich structure of heavy metal/antiferromagnetic insulator/heavy metal (Pt/α‐Fe2O3/Pt). The read‐out signal can exist up to room temperature, and the detected signal owing to the transmission and blocking of magnon strongly relies on the relative orientation between spin polarization and Néel vector. Benefiting from the nonvolatile characteristic of Fe2O3, zero‐field vertical magnon transport is achieved. The giant on–off signals in vertical devices that can be tightly packed, can greatly promote the practical application of antiferromagnetic magnon devices toward smaller, faster, and lower energy consumption.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for NOx Adsorption and Their Applications in Separation, Sensing, Catalysis, and Biology
Authors: Lin Jinliang , Ho Wingkei , Qin Xing , Leung Chi‐Fai , Au Vonika Ka‐Man , Lee Shun‐cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNitrogen oxide (NOx) is a family of poisonous and highly reactive gases formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures during anthropogenic behavior. It is a strong oxidizing agent that significantly contributes to the ozone and smog in the atmosphere. Thus, NOx removal is important for the ecological environment upon which the civilization depends. In recent decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been regarded as ideal candidates to address these issues because they form a reticular structure between proper inorganic and organic constituents with ultrahigh porosity and high internal surface area. These characteristics render them chemically adaptable for NOx adsorption, separation, sensing, and catalysis. In additional, MOFs enable potential nitric oxide (NO) delivery for the signaling of molecular NO in the human body. Herein, the different advantages of MOFs for coping with current environmental burdens and improving the habitable environment of humans on the basis of NOx adsorption are reviewed.
DiZyme: Open‐Access Expandable Resource for Quantitative Prediction of Nanozyme Catalytic Activity
Authors: Razlivina Julia , Serov Nikita , Shapovalova Olga , Vinogradov Vladimir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnzymes suffer from high cost, complex purification, and low stability. Development of low‐cost artificial enzymes of comparative or higher effectiveness is desired. Given its complexity, it is desired to presume their activities prior to experiments. While computational approaches demonstrate success in modeling nanozyme activities, they require assumptions about the system to be made. Machine learning (ML) is an alternative approach towards data‐driven material property prediction achieving high performance even on multicomponent complex systems. Despite the growing demand for customized nanozymes, there is no open access nanozyme database. Here, a user‐friendly expandable database of >300 existing inorganic nanozymes is developed by data collection from >100 articles. Data analysis is performed to reveal the features responsible for catalytic activities of nanozymes, and new descriptors are proposed for its ML‐assisted prediction. A random forest regression (RFR) model for evaluation of nanozyme peroxidase activity is developed and optimized by correlation‐based feature selection and hyperparameter tuning, achieving performance up to R2 = 0.796 for Kcat and R2 = 0.627 for Km. Experiment‐confirmed unknown nanozyme activity prediction is also demonstrated. Moreover, the DiZyme expandable, open‐access resource containing the database, predictive algorithm, and visualization tool is developed to boost novel nanozyme discovery worldwide (https://dizyme.net).
Manipulating Stable Layered P2‐Type Cathode via a Co‐Substitution Strategy for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Jun , Gao Hong , Tang Kaikai , Long Mengqi , Chen Jun , Liu Hao , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMn‐based layered transition metal oxides (TMOs) are promising cathodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their eco‐friendly character and abundant natural reserves. However, the complex phase changes and structural instability of the Mn‐based layered TMO cathodes during electrochemical process are major hindrances to meet the commercial application. Cation substitution is an effective way to stabilize the structure and accelerate the Na+ kinetics of cathode materials. Herein, an intriguing layered P2‐type Mn‐based Na0.7Li0.06Zn0.06Ni0.21Mn0.67O2 material is reported by substitution of Li and Zn for partial Ni. The occupation of inert elements on Ni sites could well maintain the crystal structure, giving rise to a prominent cycle life and improved electrochemical kinetics. The as‐prepared electrode presents an initial discharge capacity of 131.8 mA h g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and preserves 91.9% capacity after 100 cycles, accompanied with enexcellent rate performance (108 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1). Furthermore, the single‐phase reaction mechanism during the sodiation/desodiation process is verified by in situ X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, theory computations prove the decreased migration energy barriers and enhanced Na+ kinetics ulteriorly. This dual‐doping strategy inspires an effective way to produce high performance cathode materials for SIBs.
Magneto‐Electrodeposition of 3D Cross‐Linked NiCo‐LDH for Flexible High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Hui , Lin Shuai , Li Han , Wu Ziqiang , Chen Qian , Zhu Lili , Li Changdian , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) with outstanding redox activity on flexible current collectors can serve as ideal cathode materials for flexible hybrid supercapacitors in wearable energy storage devices. Electrodeposition is a facile, time‐saving, and economical technique to fabricate LDHs. The limited loading mass induced by insufficient mass transport and finite exposure of active sites, however, greatly hinders the improvement of areal capacity. Herein, magneto‐electrodeposition (MED) under high magnetic fields up to 9 T is developed to fabricate NiCo‐LDH on flexible carbon cloth (CC) as well as Ti3C2Tx functionalized CC. Owing to the magneto‐hydrodynamic effect induced by magnetic–electric field coupling, the loading mass and exposure of active sites are significantly increased. Moreover, a 3D cross‐linked nest‐like microstructure is constructed. The MED‐derived NiCo‐LDH delivers an ultrahigh areal capacity of 3.12 C cm–2 at 1 mA cm–2 and as‐fabricated flexible hybrid supercapacitors show an excellent energy density with an outstanding cycling stability. This work provides a novel route to improve electrochemical performances of layered materials through MED technique.
Pericardial effusion in a central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), with a technique for pericardiocentesis
Authors: Vowell Thomas James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 10‐year‐old central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) presented with dyspnoea, tachypnoea, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, excessive oral mucus and exercise intolerance. Echocardiography demonstrated a marked pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis was performed under general anaesthesia, demonstrating cytology consistent with a presumptive diagnosis of a proteinaceous effusion secondary to atherosclerosis. Nonspecific abnormalities were diagnosed on haematology and biochemistry, including a heterophilia, bacteraemia, hypoproteinaemia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase and a hyperphosphatemia. Full‐body radiographs demonstrated an enlarged cardiac silhouette with no other abnormalities detected. Echocardiography demonstrated a marked pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis was performed under general anaesthesia demonstrating cytology consistent with a non‐inflammatory cause. The patient was started on furosemide, pimobendan and benazepril. After an initial improvement, the patient declined and the owner elected euthanasia on humane grounds after 4 weeks. Pericardial effusion is becoming better recognised in bearded dragons; however, there is little to no literature available describing antemortem diagnostic protocols, treatments and outcomes. In this case, the survival time was higher than other cases that used pericardiocentesis alone. This report has opened an area of cardiology requiring investigation in the future.
Accidental 10‐fold propofol overdose in a cat undergoing general anaesthesia for diagnostic imaging
Authors: Klonner Moriz Ettore , Rocchi Attilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old cat was presented in the clinic following a fall from height. Due to suspected urinary bladder wall rupture, the cat was scheduled for diagnostic imaging. The cat was premedicated with 0.1 mg/kg methadone intravenously. General anaesthesia was induced with a bolus of propofol of 2 mg/kg administered intravenously using a syringe pump. Shortly after, the patient became apnoeic and showed signs of very deep anaesthesia. It was then noticed that almost half of the 20 ml syringe used to administer the bolus was empty, which led to the conclusion that due to a slip‐of‐the‐finger error, a bolus of 8 ml of propofol (20 mg/kg) was accidentally administered. No additional anaesthetics were administered. The cat resumed spontaneous ventilation and was extubated at 70 and 130 minutes after induction, respectively. Full recovery took 23 hours, and the cat showed no permanent damage or side effects in the following 19 days.
Diagnosis and treatment of sliding hiatal hernia and false gastric diverticulum in a British shorthair cat
Authors: Paulick Lutz , Unger Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 7‐year 9‐month‐old, neutered, male British shorthair cat was referred for chronic regurgitation and vomiting. Previous symptomatic medical management did not improve these clinical signs. Survey radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed no significant abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to obtain gastrointestinal biopsies. Sliding hiatal hernia and an abnormal gastric outpouching at the fundus, measuring 15 × 15 × 15 mm, were identified. Surgical treatment of the hiatal hernia included phrenoplasty, oesophagopexy and left‐sided gastropexy. Additionally, the gastric outpouching was resected. Histopathologic examination of the excised fundic tissue revealed findings consistent with those indicative of a false gastric diverticulum. Postoperative examinations on Days 5 and 10 and telephone follow‐up on Days 30 and 120 revealed a marked reduction in clinical signs. The combination of surgical techniques—phrenoplasty, left‐sided gastropexy, oesophagopexy and gastric diverticulum resection—was found to effectively improve the cat's clinical signs.