bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of signs consistent with cervical intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs
Authors: Argent V. , Perillo R. , Jeffery N. , Freeman P. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesReport the rate of recurrent clinical signs following successful treatment of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion, and explore the association between treatment method and recurrence.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs with MRI‐ or CT‐confirmed cervical intervertebral disc extrusion were reviewed to verify that they recovered. Type of treatment, site of initial extrusion and whether dogs re‐presented with recurrent clinical signs were recorded. Recurrence was considered presumed if based on clinical signs or confirmed if based on repeat cross‐sectional imaging.ResultsComplete recovery was documented following medical (36/119, 30.3%) or surgical (83/119, 69.7%) management of initial cervical disc extrusion. There was a recurrence of consistent clinical signs in 40 of 119 (34%) cases, of which 27 of 83 (33%) were initially managed surgically and 13 of 36 (36%) medically. In 24 of 40 (60%) cases, there was imaging confirmation of recurrent extrusion; in medically managed dogs, recurrence mostly occurred at the same site, whereas after surgery, recurrence most commonly involved an adjacent disc. Of the 40 recurrences, 32 (80%) occurred within 2 years of diagnosis. Rate of recurrence was similar between treatment methods in both univariable and multivariable time‐to‐event analyses (hazard ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.67 to 1.53; P=0.87).Clinical SignificanceFollowing successful initial medical or surgical treatment, clinical signs consistent with recurrent cervical disc extrusion occurred with similar frequency. Medically treated cases tended to have recurrence at the same site as initial presentation, whereas surgical treatment prevented this. Recurrence usually occurred within 2 years. The retrospective study design, small number of recurrences and lack of imaging confirmation of every recurrence should be considered when interpreting the results.
On the empirical content of the convergence debate: Cross‐country evidence on growth and capacity utilisation
Authors: Gahn Santiago José , González Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Neo‐Kaleckian model predicts that actual capacity utilisation is endogenous to demand shocks and positively correlated with growth in the short and long run. Competing macroeconomic theories predict that such correlation does not exist in the long run and demand shocks have transitory effects on capacity utilisation. Using a quarterly unbalanced panel of 21 developed and developing countries, we show that taking into account direct survey measures, capacity utilisation is stationary, positively correlated with growth in the short run and uncorrelated with growth in the long run. These results are inconsistent with the long‐run behaviour of the Neo‐Kaleckian model.
Segmental cardiac strain assessment by two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography in surviving MIS‐c patients: Correlations with myocardial flow reserve (MFR) by 13 N‐ammonia PET‐CT
Authors: Leal Gabriela Nunes , Astley Camila , Lima Marcos Santos , Diniz Maria de Fátima Rodrigues , Lianza Alessandro Cavalcanti , Sawamura Karen Saori Shiraishi , Menezes Carolina Rocha Brito , Silva Camila Lino Martins Rodrigues da , Bain Vera , Imada Rodrigo , Chalela William , Pereira Maria Fernanda Badue , Marques Heloisa Helena de Sousa , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Gualano Bruno , Silva Clovis Artur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐c) is associated with severe cardiovascular impairment and eventually death. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in myocardial injury were scarcely investigated, and cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain. Autopsy studies suggested that microvascular dysfunction may be relevant to LV impairment.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate segmental LV longitudinal strain by 2DST echocardiography and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) by 13 N‐ammonia PET‐CT, in six surviving MIS‐c patients.MethodsEach patient generated 34 LV segments for combined 2DST and MRF analysis. MFR was considered abnormal when <2, borderline when between 2 and 2.5 and normal when >2.5.ResultsFrom July 2020 to February 2021, six patients were admitted with MIS‐c: three males, aged 9.3 (6.6–15.7) years. Time from admission to the follow‐up visit was 6.05 (2–10.3) months. Although all patients were asymptomatic and LV EF was ≥55%, 43/102 (42.1%) LV segments showed MFR <2.5. There was a modest positive correlation between segmental peak systolic longitudinal strain and MFR: r = .36, p = .03 for basal segments; r = .41, p = .022 for mid segments; r = .42, p = .021 for apical segments. Median peak systolic longitudinal strain was different among MRF categories: 18% (12%–24%) for abnormal, 18.5% (11%–35%) for borderline, and 21% (12%–32%) for normal MFR (p = .006).ConclusionWe provided preliminary evidence that surviving MIS‐c patients may present subclinical impairment of myocardial microcirculation. Segmental cardiac strain assessment 2DST seems useful for MIS‐c cardiovascular follow‐up, given its good correlation with 13 N‐ammonia PET‐CT derived MFR.
Tradeoffs between leaf cooling and hydraulic safety in a dominant arid land riparian tree species
Authors: Blasini Davis E. , Koepke Dan F. , Bush Susan E. , Allan Gerard J. , Gehring Catherine A. , Whitham Thomas G. , Day Thomas A. , Hultine Kevin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeaf carbon gain optimization in hot environments requires balancing leaf thermoregulation with avoiding excessive water loss via transpiration and hydraulic failure. The tradeoffs between leaf thermoregulation and transpirational water loss can determine the ecological consequences of heat waves that are increasing in frequency and intensity. We evaluated leaf thermoregulation strategies in warm‐ (>40°C maximum summer temperature) and cool‐adapted (<40°C maximum summer temperature) genotypes of the foundation tree species, Populus fremontii, using a common garden near the mid‐elevational point of its distribution. We measured leaf temperatures and assessed three modes of leaf thermoregulation: leaf morphology, midday canopy stomatal conductance and stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit. Data were used to parameterize a leaf energy balance model to estimate contrasts in midday leaf temperature in warm‐ and cool‐adapted genotypes. Warm‐adapted genotypes had 39% smaller leaves and 38% higher midday stomatal conductance, reflecting a 3.8°C cooler mean leaf temperature than cool‐adapted genotypes. Leaf temperatures modelled over the warmest months were on average 1.1°C cooler in warm‐ relative to cool‐adapted genotypes. Results show that plants adapted to warm environments are predisposed to tightly regulate leaf temperatures during heat waves, potentially at an increased risk of hydraulic failure.
A case of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis complicated by interstitial nephritis related to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B
Authors: Kanazawa Nobuhiro , Iyoda Masayuki , Hayashi Junichi , Honda Kazuho , Oda Takashi , Honda Hirokazu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the case of a patient who developed acute kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome following streptococcal cutaneous infection. He presented with microhematuria, severe proteinuria and systemic edema 5 days after infection. Blood examination showed elevated creatinine level, hypocomplementemia, and elevated anti‐streptolysin O level. Renal biopsy revealed endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunofluorescence revealed C3‐dominant glomerular staining, while electron microscopy showed hump‐shaped subepithelial deposits. The patient was therefore diagnosed with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The unique histological feature was C3 deposition in the tubular basement membrane (TBM), in which we detected streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB), a nephritogenic antigen produced by streptococci. No nephritis‐associated plasmin receptor or plasmin activity was evident in the TBM. These nephritogenic antigens and upregulation of plasmin activity were observed in glomeruli. This case suggests that TIN after poststreptococcal infection might be partially attributable to SpeB toxicity.
Getting on the right track: Interactions between viruses and the cytoskeletal motor proteins
Authors: Río‐Bergé Clàudia , Cong Yingying , Reggiori Fulvio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cytoskeleton is an essential component of the cell and it is involved in multiple physiological functions, including intracellular organization and transport. It is composed of three main families of proteinaceous filaments; microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments and their accessory proteins. Motor proteins, which comprise the dynein, kinesin and myosin superfamilies, are a remarkable group of accessory proteins that mainly mediate the intracellular transport of cargoes along with the cytoskeleton. Like other cellular structures and pathways, viruses can exploit the cytoskeleton to promote different steps of their life cycle through associations with motor proteins. The complexity of the cytoskeleton and the differences among viruses, however, has led to a wide diversity of interactions, which in most cases remain poorly understood. Unveiling the details of these interactions is necessary not only for a better comprehension of specific infections, but may also reveal new potential drug targets to fight dreadful diseases such as rabies disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we describe a few examples of the mechanisms that some human viruses, that is, rabies virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and papillomavirus, have developed to hijack dyneins, kinesins and myosins.
Finite Element Modeling of Planus and Rectus Foot Types for the Study of First Metatarsophalangeal and First Metatarsocuneiform Joint Contact Mechanics
Authors: Morgan Oliver J. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Bitar Rogerio , Sturnick Daniel , Koff Matthew F. , Ellis Scott J. , Deland Jonathan T. , Hillstrom Rajshree 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The foot is a highly complex biomechanical system for which finite element (FE) modeling has been used to evaluate its loading environment. However, there is limited knowledge of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and first metatarsocuneiform (MTC) joint contact mechanics. Our goal was to develop a framework for FE modeling of the medial forefoot which could accurately predict experimental measurements of first MTP and first MTC joint loading. Simulations of planus and rectus foot types were conducted for midstance of gait. A custom-built force-controlled cadaveric test-rig was used to derive intracapsular pressure sensor measurements of contact pressure, force, and area during quasi-static loading. The FE model was driven under the same boundary and loading conditions as the cadaver. Mesh sensitivity analyses and best-fit calibrations of moduli for first MTP and first MTC joint cartilage were performed. Consistent with previous experimental research, a lower compressive modulus was best-fit to the first MTP compared to first MTC joint at 10 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively. Mean errors in contact pressures, forces, and areas were 24%, 4%, and 40% at the first MTP joint and 23%, 12%, and 19% at the first MTC joint, respectively. The present developmental framework may provide a basis for future modeling of first MTP and first MTC joint contact mechanics. This study acts as a precursor to validation of realistic physiological loading across gait to investigate joint loading, foot type biomechanics, and surgical interventions of the medial forefoot.
Combination of Morphological and Hemodynamic Parameters for Assessing the Rupture Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Retrospective Study on Mirror Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Xin Shangzhe , Chen Yongchun , Zhao Bing , Liang Fuyou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Discordant findings were frequently reported by studies dedicated to exploring the association of morphological/hemodynamic factors with the rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), probably owing to insufficient control of confounding factors. In this study, we aimed to minimize the influences of confounding factors by focusing IAs of interest on mirror aneurysms and, meanwhile, modeling IAs together with the cerebral arterial network to improve the physiological fidelity of hemodynamic simulation. Fifty-two mirror aneurysms located at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 26 patients were retrospectively investigated. Numerical tests performed on two randomly selected patients demonstrated that over truncation of cerebral arteries proximal to the MCA during image-based model reconstruction led to uncertain changes in computed values of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic parameters, which justified the minimal truncation strategy adopted in our study. Five morphological parameters (i.e., volume (V), height (H), dome area (DA), nonsphericity index (NSI), and size ratio (SR)) and two hemodynamic parameters (i.e., peak wall shear stress (WSS) (peakWSS), and pressure loss coefficient (PLc)) were found to differ significantly between the ruptured and unruptured aneurysms and proved by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to have potential value for differentiating the rupture status of aneurysm with the areas under curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.681 to 0.763. Integrating V, SR, peakWSS, and PLc or some of them into regression models considerably improved the classification of aneurysms, elevating AUC up to 0.864, which indicates that morphological and hemodynamic parameters have complementary roles in assessing the risk of aneurysm rupture.
A Novel Device for the Quantification of Synovial Fluid Viscosity Via Magnetic Deflection
Authors: Armington Samuel L. , Shah Yash Y. , Dobson Jon , Allen Kyle D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Changes in synovial fluid viscosity may be used to detect joint disease; however, methods to evaluate these changes at the point-of-care are currently rudimentary. Previously, we demonstrated that magnetic particle translation through static synovial fluid could serve as a surrogate marker of synovial fluid mechanics. In this work, we examine the magnetic deflection of a stream of particles flowing through a stream of synovial fluid and relate this deflection to changes in fluid mechanics. First, a flow device was designed, where a stream of magnetic particles flows along with synovial fluid. As the particle stream approaches and passes a fixed permanent magnet, the particle stream deflects. Conceptually, as the synovial fluid viscosity decreases, the deflection of the particle stream should increase due to a decreased drag force opposing the force magnetization. To assess this concept, particle deflection was first measured in Newtonian glycerol solutions of known varying viscosity under different flow conditions. Next, the device was used to test bovine synovial fluid viscosity, which had been progressively degraded using ultrasonication. A strong correlation was observed between the deflection of the magnetic particles and the viscosity of the glycerol solutions (R2 = 0.987) and the amount of ultrasonic degradation of synovial fluid (R2 = 0.7045). In the future, the principle of particle deflection may be used to design point-of-care quantification of synovial fluid mechanics, as the assessment does not require particles to be separated from the fluid for quantification and could be conducted under simple flow conditions.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Integrated Internal and Film Cooling Designs Incorporating a Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Horner Matthew J. , Yoon Christopher , Furgeson Michael , Oliver Todd A. , Bogard David G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Few studies in the open literature have studied the effect of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) when used in combination with shaped hole film cooling and enhanced internal cooling techniques. The current study presents Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) conjugate heat transfer simulations that identify trends in cooling design performance as well as experimental measurements of overall effectiveness using a flat-plate matched-Biot number model with a simulated TBC layer of 0.42D thickness, where D is the film cooling hole diameter. Coolant is fed to the film cooling holes in a co-flow configuration, and the results of both the smooth and rib-turbulated channels are compared. At a constant coolant flow rate, enhanced internal cooling was found to provide a 44% increase in spatially-averaged overall effectiveness, ϕ¯¯, without a TBC. The results show that the addition of a TBC can raise ϕ¯¯ on a film-cooled component surface by 47%. The optimum velocity ratio was found to decrease with the addition of enhanced cooling techniques and a TBC as the film provided minimal benefit at the expense of reduced internal cooling. While the computational results closely identified trends in overall system performance without a TBC, the model over-predicted effectiveness on the metal–TBC interface. The results of this study will inform turbine component design as material science advances increase the reliability of the TBC.
Machine Learning Models for Acoustic Data Prediction During Drilling Composite Lithology Formations
Authors: Suleymanov Vagif , Gamal Hany , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Glatz Guenther , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rock acoustic data that provide important information about the formation petrophysics and geomechanics are highly needed to design the wells drilling programs, in addition to, reservoir stimulation and field development plans. The acoustic data acquisition through the conventional methods in the petroleum industry either by logging or lab measurements has many drawbacks as the cost of well log operations and the job time. Determining the acoustic data through the common correlations did not provide high accuracy, and there are limitations for using these correlations. The new trend in the petroleum industry with the fourth industrial revolution is to employ machine learning for such problems to provide effective solutions. Therefore, this study utilized the machine learning for developing prediction models for acoustic compressional and shear slowness using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and support vector machines tools. The study presents novel contributions for predicting acoustic slowness from only the surface drilling data while drilling different formations of composite lithology (limestone, sandstone, shale, and carbonate). The study utilized real field data (2800 data points) to build and test the two models through deep sensitivity analysis, in addition, further testing for the models by another 2800 data points from the same field for the validation phase. The obtained results ensured the capability of machine learning for predicting the acoustic slowness with high accuracy as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) achieved a correlation coefficient (R) higher than 0.98 and error less than 1.43% as average absolute percentage error (AAPE) between the actual and predicted acoustic values. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference model showed the highest accuracy during the model training as R was 1.0; in addition, R for testing results showed 0.98, and AAPE ranged from 0.25% to 0.92%. The validation phase ensured the high performance for the acoustic prediction of the developed models as R is higher than 0.98 and AAPE lower than 1.46%. The machine learning applications through the developed models for the acoustic data will provide cost and time savings for acoustic data acquisition for the field applications.
Laser Zone Texturing of Magnetic Disk Substrates
Authors: Park Hee K. , Kerstens Pieter J. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews the current status of laser texturing in the production of magnetic hard disk media. We first present the physics of laser texturing and bump formation, as well as the engineering development into a manufacturing process tool. Also discussed are related issues on tooling, process design, and effects of substrates and process conditions. Finally this paper concludes with the future challenges of laser texturing. Laser zone texturing shows an example of successful integration of laser-based micromachining technology into a large-scale industrial manufacturing process.
A Smart Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Microvalve With Feedback Control
Authors: Nandakumar Krishnan , Parr Allen G. , Hahm Geon , Huff Michael A. , Phillips Stephen M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The microfluidics group at CWRU has demonstrated a thin film shape memory alloy actuated smart microvalve with feedback control for fluid control. A micromachined flow sensor was designed and fabricated and feedback control electronics were developed and incorporated with a TiNi microvalve to realize the system. The valve is a Titanium Nickel (TiNi) Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) thin film actuated micromachined valve capable of modulating 0–250 ml/min of airflow at 2 psi. The flow sensor used is a micromachined, anemometric type flow sensor. By simulation, the smart controller was designed using MATLAB with Simulink and realized with standard integrated circuits. The performance of the smart valve shows flow insensitivity to pressure variations across the valve. This was demonstrated by a constant flow even when the valve is subject to a change in the pressure drop across the valve. This is in contrast to the typical behavior of standard valves without flow sensing and feedback control.
MEMS Micro-Valve Arrays for Fluidic Control
Authors: Wroblewski Donald E. , Horenstein Mark , Vandelli Nelsimar , Velonis Margo , Bifano Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new type of silicon MEMS valve array for micro-fluidic control is described. The device consists of parallel arrays of electrostatically actuated, bi-stable mechanical micro-valves for precision flow control. Five characteristics make these micro-fluidic systems unique. First, they consist of large numbers of simple valves, working cooperatively to achieve precise linear control of flow. Second, they operate using low power, binary electrostatic actuation. Third, they are designed for use in either gases or liquids. Fourth, they are fabricated using conventional silicon micro-machining processes. And finally, they are inherently scalable over a wide range of precision levels and flow rates. Devices were fabricated with 5 micron gaps between the actuator and underlying substrate, with three different actuator sizes — 300 by 300 microns, 400 by 400 microns and 500 by 500 microns. Air-flow tests on fabricated 25-element-array devices have demonstrated the linear relationship between flow rate and number of valves open, indicating flow rates per valve as high as 5.7 ml/min at 10 kPa pressure. The experiments also revealed the strong coupling between the fluid mechanics and mechanical behavior of the valve. An incompressible, continuum-based flow model was developed using lubrication theory. The model was capable of capturing the effects of actuator deflections as large as 5 microns, and predicting flow rates within 10 percent over a range of pressure differentials from 2 to 18 kPa.