bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organophosphorous Compounds in Assessment of Histomorphological Alterations of Natural Tooth
Authors: Thamilselvan Snega , Arthanari Abirami , Abilasha R. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Pesticide poisoning has indeed been recognized as a significant global health problem, and it is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality.Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are extensively used in agriculture, domestic pest control, and biological agents. Each year, an estimated 25 million farmers in developing countries are poisoned by pesticides, commonly OP, which is known to cause serious health ill effects.
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the histomorphological alterations in natural tooth due to exposure to different organophosphorous compounds.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out with organophosphorous compound - ANUFURAN 3G, carbofuran 3% CG purchased from local commercial market. The OP was available as solid crystals which made into a solution by adding 1g of OP compounds to 100ml of distilled water. The natural tooth was immersed in the respective solution for an hour and assessed for morphological &histological alterations through ground sections (200μm).
Results: Visually, there were very mild purplish tint on the cervical and apical 1/3rd of the tooth. Histologically, there were increased enamel lamellae which may have propagated to crack. The dentinal tubules were prominent and the pulpal tissue was completely dissolved.
Conclusion: The OP compounds did not prove to show any morphological or histological alterations to natural tooth.
Cytotoxicity Activity of Green Tea and Mint Formulation
Authors: Pushpaanjali G. , Arivarasu Lakshmi Narayanan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Cytotoxicity refers to a substance or process which results in cell damage or cell death. The prefix ‘cyto’ refers to a cell and ‘toxic’ to poison. The term is often used to describe chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells, but it may also be used to describe toxins, such as venom. Within our own immune system , we have cells that are considered cytotoxic, such as the T cell that kills bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: 100ml of distilled water, 1 gram of green tea leaf and 1 gram of powdered mint is added and the mixture is heated for 15 to 20 minutes and then filtered with the help of filtered paper. The mixture was again heated and concentrated from 70ml to 20ml. 2 grams of iodine free salt was weighed and dissolved in 200ml of distilled water. 6 well ELISA plates were taken and 10-12ml of saline water was filled. To that 10 nauplii were added to each well( 5μl, 10μl, 20μl, 40μl, 80μl). Then the nanoparticles were added according to the concentration level. The plates were incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the elisa plates were observed and noted for the number of live nauplii’s present.
Results and Discussion: The cytotoxicity activity of green tea with mint formulation shows that all the introduced shrimps were alive in the control whereas it is shows that the lethality of 5μl is 60%, 10μl is 70%, 20μl is 70%, 40μl is 70% and 80μl is 100%.
Conclusion: Based on the result of the study it is finally concluded that cytotoxic activity of green tea and mint formulation has better effect.
In vitro Anti Inflammatory Activity of Abies webbiana Using Albumin Denaturation Assay
Authors: Anjum A. Shamaa , Varghese Sheeja S. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: In ayurveda, many natural plant components are used to treat inflammatory conditions for centuries with less side effects. Different parts of Abies webbiana plant are used in ayurveda for many diseases. However, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate pharmacological effects of Abies webbiana.
Aim: The objective of this in vitro study was to analyse and compare the anti-inflammatory properties of A. webbiana at various concentrations using albumin denaturation assay.
Methodology: A ready made powder of A. webbiana was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and boiled for 10 mins the extract was obtained by filtration. The anti-inflammatory activity was done using albumin denaturation assay and Diclofenac sodium was used as a positive control. Serial dilution from 10 µL, 20 µL, 30 µL, 40 µL and 50 µL was performed for A. webbiana and the reference drug reaction mixture was prepared for albumin denaturation assay. All the data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 23 (IBM). Unpaired t test was used for comparison with the positive control and one-way Anova followed by Tukey’s post hoc test were used for the comparison between different concentrations.
Results: The current study revealed that A. webbiana extract had potent anti-inflammatory activity at all the tested concentrations but was significantly lesser when compared to the standard (p<0.05). It was also evident that the absorbance rate of A. webbiana significantly increased with the increase in concentration of the extract (p<0.05). However, the absorbance rate at 50 µL of both standard and A. webbiana were almost similar.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present findings that the leaves of A. webbiana possess concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory property but is comparatively lesser than Diclofenac sodium.
Anti Inflammatory Activity of Herbal Formulation Prepared Using Mint and Green Tea
Authors: Preeja R. Pon , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Rajesh , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of my study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of herbal formulation prepared using mint and green tea.
Introduction: Green tea is a ‘non-fermented’ tea, and contains more catechins than black tea or oolong tea. Green tea and epigallocatechin 3-gallate, suppress the gene and/or protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related enzymes.Mint have a potent anti-inflammatory activity in the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model.
Materials and Method: Preparation of herbal formulation:
To 100 ml of distilled water,1 g of tea leaves and 1 g of powdered mint is added .This mixture was heated for about 15-20 minutes and then filtered using filter paper.The mixture was again heated and concentrated from 70 ml to 20 ml.
Result: At 20 μl there is 59 percent of inhibition,at 50 μl there is 90 %of inhibition ,whereas in the standard there is only 40%of inhibition .Thus as the concentration increases the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract increases.
Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that green tea and mint have a great anti-inflammatory property.Anti-inhibitory zone ranging from 90 and is indicating that it is higher than the standard diclofenac sodium which has only 40% of inhibition.
Preparation of Mouthwash Using Blue Tea and Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Jibu Ritya Mary , Rajasekar Arvina , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Clitoria ternatea also known as the "blue pea," is a perennial twinning herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae family. The medicinal properties of this plant have been scientifically validated, especially at an international level, and it has been recorded to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective properties.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of blue tea extract based mouthwash.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed as an in vitro study under a laboratory setting. Synthesis of the mouthwash was performed using dried leaves of the butter pea plant subsequently the mouthwash was tested for its antioxidant activity and was assessed via the DPPH assay. The obtained values were compared with that of a known standard. The obtained data was sorted in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Software, Version 23.0). Unpaired t test was done for the comparison of blue tea extract with the standard and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was done to compare various concentrations with standard.
Results: The blue tea extract mouthwash was tested with 10µL initially and then was increased to 20µL, 30µL, 40µL and 50µL. Based on DPPH assay, as the concentration of the extract solution was increased by 10µL each time tested, their antioxidant activity also increased over a scale. It was seen that the blue tea extract mouthwash had significantly less antioxidant capacity when compared to the standard (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The blue tea extract mouthwash is found to be a potent antioxidant agent however the antioxidant property was less effective when compared to the standard.
Ameloglyphics Patterns of Primary and Permanent Dentition Using Staining Method: An Observational Study
Authors: Yasothkumar Dinesh , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha , George A. Melvin 
Published: February 2022

Background: Forensic Odontology is a branch of Odontology which in the interest of justice deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Various applications of forensic dentistry include age estimation, bite mark analysis, ameloglyphics, rugoscopy, cheiloscopy, photographic study, genetic material analysis, and PCR for pulp DNA analysis. The aim of this study is to find out the utility of Hematoxylin and Toluidine blue stains in studying enamel rod end patterns of various dentitions in forensic odontology.
Results: In our study, Mean and standard deviation value of Hematoxylin and Toluidine blue showed the surface score of 6.4±1.782 and 6.6±1.979 respectively. Both maxillary and mandibular Permanent central Incisors showed lowest scores when compared to remaining dentition included in the study.
Conclusion: To conclude, Ameloglyphics patterns can be studied by staining the tooth. The Ameloglyphics pattern can be analyzed using hematoxylin and toluidine blue stains. Ameloglyphics patterns can be used as a valuable tool in personal identification when stained correctly, and they have a bright future in forensic dentistry.
Association of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cholelithiasis: Cohort from Southeast Asian Patients
Authors: Soomro Abdul Hafeez , Iqbal Jawaid , Bhatti Rehmatullah , Naz Falak , Arsalan Muhammad , Memon Muhammad Sadik 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: With increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes mellitus the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also increasing along with its complications including gallstone disease. That is why, this study aims to determine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the prevalence of gallstone disease and also, risk factors associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
Methods: A prospective study design was performed and during the data collection phase we have enrolled a total of 218 patients who were diagnosed as a case of NAFLD from Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad between the periods of 19 months from March 2019 to October 2020. Diagnosis of NAFLD was made using liver biopsy and cholelithiasis with ultrasound abdomen. Both males and females with a primary diagnosis of NAFLD were included in this study. Patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease and were further assessed for underlying risk factor associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease. Statistical package for the social sciences version 21 (SPSS) used for the entry of data and final analysis and a p value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of gallstone disease in patients with NAFLD was 12.84% (n = 28) among them 19 (67.85%) patients were having symptomatic gallstone disease while 9 patients had asymptomatic gallstones disease (32.14%). Patients having mean age 49.01 years, uncontrolled blood sugar level (209.24 mg/dl), mean alkaline phosphatase 106.22 IU/L, female gender, and having diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with symptomatic gallstones disease (p value <0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, the cohorts have shown bidirectional association between gallstone disease and NAFLD. Also prevalence of symptomatic gallstone disease is quite high and it was strongly associated with increasing age, female gender, raised blood glucose levels, and diabetes mellitus.
A Radiographic Study on Prevalence and Distribution of Accessory Ossicles and Sesamoids of the Foot in Indian population
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Rajendran Govindarajan , Kumar G. Naveen , Vettrivizhi S. A. , Meyyappan M. , Muthiah P. , Paarthipan N. , Seena C. R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones are variable in distribution. The accessory ossicles and sesamoids are usually asymptomatic, normal variants, and misdiagnosed or overlooked.
Objective: The primary objective is to estimate the prevalence and distribution of accessory ossicles and sesamoid of the foot by radiographic study in the Indian population.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 1034 radiographs of the foot (anteroposterior and oblique view) performed—the prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoids—descriptive statistics used for data analysis.
Results: One thousand thirty-four radiographs did, in which 68% of male and 32% of female patients. In our study, the prevalence of sesamoid bone hallux sesamoid, another sesamoid, and accessory ossicles are 100%, 9.2%, and 25.9%, respectively. The hallux sesamoid visualized in all individuals, (a) medial bipartite, (b) lateral bipartite, and (c) absent medial hallux are (3.38%), (0.58%), (1.16%) respectively. Our study group has three accessory ossicles location: forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. The prevalence of accessory ossicles found to be forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot are (2.03%), (20.5%), (3.3%) respectively.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of accessory ossicles and common sesamoids of the foot helps avoid the common pitfall in clinical practice. Accessory ossicles often misdiagnosed as fractures; further imaging is required to confirm the clinical suspicion and decision-making for different management.
Incorporating diapause to predict the interannual dynamics of an important agricultural pest
Authors: Pak Damie , Carran Spencer , Biddinger David , Nelson Bill , Bjørnstad Ottar N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe develop a new population‐scale model incorporating diapause induction and termination that allows multi‐year predictions of pest dynamics. In addition to predicting phenology and voltinism, the model also allows us to study the degree of overlapping among the life‐stages across time; a quantity not generally predicted by previous models yet a key determinant of how frequently management must be done to maintain control. The model is a physiological, stage‐structured population model that includes temperature‐dependent vital rates, diapause processes, and plasticity in development. The model is statistically fitted with a 33‐year long weekly term time series of Cydia pomonella adults captured in pheromone‐baited traps from a research orchard in southern Pennsylvania. The multiannual model allows investigation of both within season control strategies, as well as the likely consequences of climate change for this important agricultural pest. The model predicts that warming temperatures will cause earlier spring emergence, additional generations, and increased overall abundance. Most importantly, by calculating the circular variance, we find that warmer temperatures are associated with an increase in overlap among life‐stages especially at the beginning of the growing season. Our findings highlight the importance of modeling diapause to fully understand C. pomonella lifecycle and to better inform management for effectively controlling this pest in a warmer future.
Polaronic Conductivity in Cr2Ge2Te6 Single Crystals
Authors: Liu Yu , Han Myung‐Geun , Lee Yongbin , Ogunbunmi Michael O. , Du Qianheng , Nelson Christie , Hu Zhixiang , Stavitski Eli , Graf David , Attenkofer Klaus , Bobev Svilen , Ke Liqin , Zhu Yimei , Petrovic Cedomir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntrinsic 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors are an important class of materials for spin‐charge conversion applications. Cr2Ge2Te6 retains long‐range magnetic order in the bilayer at cryogenic temperatures and shows complex magnetic interactions with considerable magnetic anisotropy. Here, a series of structural, magnetic, X‐ray scattering, electronic, thermal transport and first‐principles calculation studies are performed, which reveal that localized electronic charge carriers in Cr2Ge2Te6 are dressed by the surrounding lattice and are involved in polaronic transport via hopping that is observed via magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This opens the possibility for manipulation of charge transport in Cr2Ge2Te6—based devices by electron–phonon‐ and spin–orbit coupling‐based tailoring of polaron properties.
Tailoring Disordered/Ordered Phases to Revisit the Degradation Mechanism of High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel Cathode Materials
Authors: Sun Huabin , Hu Anyang , Spence Stephanie , Kuai Chunguang , Hou Dong , Mu Linqin , Liu Jue , Li Luxi , Sun Chengjun , Sainio Sami , Nordlund Dennis , Luo Wei , Huang Yunhui , Lin Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the spinel oxide cathode family, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) shows a high operating voltage (≈4.7 V vs Li/Li+) and excellent Li‐ion mobility with stable 3D conducting channels. Ni/Mn cation disordered and ordered phases usually coexist in LNMO materials, and they have distinct structural and electrochemical properties, resulting in different battery performances for LNMO materials with different phase compositions. Identifying the correlation between phase compositions and electrochemical properties is of significance to the improvement of battery performance and understanding of degradation mechanisms. Herein, the disordered/ordered phase compositions in LNMO materials are tailored by post‐annealing strategies and their impacts on electrochemical performance and degradation mechanisms from the surface to the bulk are systematically investigated. The ordered phase increases rapidly as Mn3+ is oxidized to Mn4+ through a post‐annealing process. LNMO with an intermediate fraction of disordered and ordered phases gives rise to improved cycling stability. This article further reports that a high ordered phase fraction can preferentially protect Ni from dissolution during cycling. However, these results suggest that the transition metal dissolution and surface structural change of LNMO do not exhibit a direct correlation with cycling stability. These results indicate the capacity fading mainly correlates with the bulk structural distortion, leading to decreased Li‐ion kinetics.
Amorphous Carbon Interconnected Ultrafine CoMnP with Enhanced Co Electron Delocalization Yields Pt‐Like Activity for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Wei Shuting , Gan Linfeng , Zhang Lei , Wang Feng , Wu Qiong , Cui Xiaoqiang , Zheng Weitao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing earth‐abundant water splitting electrocatalysts performing platinum‐like activity is promising for the hydrogen economy but still a challenging task. Herein, the ultrafine CoMnP nanocrystals confined in amorphous carbon nanosheets are designed and implemented by a topological transformation strategy from layer double hydroxide/carbon interconnected structures in one single nanosheet. The unique interconnected structure favors the exposure of active sites and enables stronger electronic coupling effect between the two phases. Experimental results and density functional theory simulations reveal that the surrounding amorphous carbon and Mn dopants synergistically enable better electron delocalization capacity of Co sites, potentially providing enhanced conductivity and optimal reaction energetics during hydrogen evolution. The as‐prepared catalyst exhibits hydrogen evolution reaction performances superior to that of Pt/C under alkaline media with an overpotential of 114 mV at 100 mA cm–2. This work highlights the rational fabrication of transition metal‐based electrocatalysts via spatially confined growth for efficient water electrolysis.
The Molecular Ordering and Double‐Channel Carrier Generation of Nonfullerene Photovoltaics within Multi‐Length‐Scale Morphology
Authors: Xu Jinqiu , Jo Sae Byeok , Chen Xiankai , Zhou Guanqing , Zhang Ming , Shi Xueliang , Lin Francis , Zhu Lei , Hao Tianyu , Gao Ke , Zou Yecheng , Su Xuan , Feng Wei , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe success of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) solar cells lies in their unique physical properties beyond the extended absorption and suitable energy levels. The current study investigates the morphology and photophysical behavior of PBDB‐T donor blending with ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC acceptors. Single‐crystal study shows that the π–π stacking and side‐chain interaction dictate molecular assembly, which can be carried to blended films, forming a multi‐length‐scale morphology. Spontaneous carrier generation is seen in ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC neat films and their blended thin films using the PBDB‐T donor, providing a new avenue of zero‐energy‐loss carrier formation. The molecular packing associated with specific contacts and geometry is key in influencing the photophysics, as demonstrated by the charge transfer and carrier lifetime results. The 2D layer of 6TIC facilitates the exciton‐to‐polaron conversion, and the largest photogenerated polaron yield is obtained. The new mechanism, together with the highly efficient blending region carrier generation, has the prospect of the fundamental advantage for NFA solar cells, from molecular assembly to thin‐film morphology.
A Van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions
Authors: Wu Yingying , Francisco Brian , Chen Zhijie , Wang Wei , Zhang Yu , Wan Caihua , Han Xiufeng , Chi Hang , Hou Yasen , Lodesani Alessandro , Yin Gen , Liu Kai , Cui Yong‐tao , Wang Kang L. , Moodera Jagadeesh S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple magnetic skyrmion phases add an additional degree of freedom for skyrmion‐based ultrahigh‐density spin memory devices. Extending the field to 2D van der Waals magnets is a rewarding challenge, where the realizable degree of freedoms (e.g., thickness, twist angle, and electrical gating) and high skyrmion density result in intriguing new properties and enhanced functionality. In this work, a van der Waals interface, formed by two 2D ferromagnets Cr2Ge2Te6 and Fe3GeTe2 with a Curie temperature of ≈65 and ≈205 K, respectively, hosting two groups of magnetic skyrmions, is reported. Two sets of topological Hall effect signals are observed below 6s0 K when Cr2Ge2Te6 is magnetically ordered. These two groups of skyrmions are directly imaged using magnetic force microscopy, and supported by micromagnetic simulations. Interestingly, the magnetic skyrmions persist in the heterostructure with zero applied magnetic field. The results are promising for the realization of skyrmionic devices based on van der Waals heterostructures hosting multiple skyrmion phases.