bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of sexual abuse against children and young people on the example of the Child Protection Centre in Kraków
Authors: Biel Krzysztof 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to present the activities of the Child Protection Centre (COD) in the field of protection of children and adolescents from sexual abuse. COD is an interdepartmental unit operating at the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow. The primary tasks of COD include training and educational activities in the psychological, pedagogical and spiritual fields on the subject of CSA, and the design and development of prevention programmes and models of good practice for various pastoral, formative and educational environments. The Child Protection Centre focuses on preparing and building structures for the effective implementation of the policies for the protection of children and young people, and on working to change the awareness not only of the clergy but also of people associated with the Church. The activities undertaken by the Child Protection Centre focus mainly on universal prevention, the basic aim of which is to stop potential perpetrators from harming children and to protect children – ­potential victims – from abuse.
“WHO ARE YOU, WHO AM I?” Does a psychologist need philosophy to better understand the sexual abuse of minors?
Authors: Kusz Ewa 
Published: April 2022

This article attempts to look at the issue of sexual abuse from an anthropological point of view because the attempts by various scholarly disciplines to describe and analyze the phenomenon of sexual abuse, including attempts to identify causes and effects, do not provide clear answers to the question of the nature of what happen in sexual abuse. The first steps of the analysis show the need for a philosophical reflection, and point to the directions of such a reflection which can help to understand that the harm inflicted on a young victim by sexual abuse consists in a damage at the “core of the person,” of his own subjectivity, of his own “self.” It is an “anthropological harm or damage” resulting from “becoming an object” for the abuser. It interrupts the process of becoming an autonomous subject who understand himself and is able to enter in a dialogical relationship with others.The gist of the damage of child sexual abuse remains hidden behind the tangible long-term effects. These effects are often insurmountable during the victim’s lifetime. It indicates that we are dealing with damage to “who I am” – damage to the being of a sexually abused person. So, the person harmed in this way knows neither who I am – the person who experienced this harm, nor who you are – the perpetrator who harmed him and, in a sense, who the other is in general. Understanding the “anthropological harm” inflicted by sexual abuse clearly shows the challenge of the process of transitioning from the experience of “becoming an object” to discovering and rebuilding one’s own subjectivity, one’s own self, without denying the harm. Anthropological reflection concerns also the person of the perpetrator, who turned out to be the “bearer of evil.” Here, we have questions about intentionality, about responsibility for one’s actions, but also about the whole misery of a human being who, by objectifying another person, probably reduces himself to an object. Also, in the case of the perpetrator, understanding the process of becoming a perpetrator may help in the process of his resocialization, that is, the process of restoring his experience of his being as a free person open to meeting the other “you” who must not harmed.
Analysis of implications of organ donation on living donors in southeastern Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Bahador R. S. , Mangolian P. , Farokhzadian J. , Afrazandeh S. S. , Nouhi E. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: despite the annual increase in living donors and the positive and negative implications following organ donation, this issue had become a significant challenge for donors. The present study aimed to analyze the experiences and views of living donors to organ donation implications.Material and Methods. The present study was performed using qualitative content analysis. Twenty participants were selected using the purposive sampling method; data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on Lundman and Graneheim contractual content analysis method after implementing MAX 12.Results. Data analysis elicitated 721 codes, 20 subcategories, six main categories, and two themes, including positive and negative implications of organ donation from the viewpoint of living donors. The main categories of positive effects resulting from organ donation included the «donor’s peace of mind», «fundamental strength», and «recipient’s achievements». On the other hand, the main categories of negative implications resulting from organ donation included «donor’s physical suffering», «damaged interactions», and «abandonment».Conclusion. Increasing the number of living donors makes us consider it essential to understand the efficiency of its two-way implications on many aspects of donor and recipient. Thus, managing the negative impacts of living organ donation and strengthening its positive side emphasizes the need to increase the awareness of organ donation associations, develop health policies at higher levels, and, most importantly, improve the satisfaction of live organ donors
Attitude of the youth in the Republic of Tatarstan towards organ donation
Authors: Anisimov A. A. , Gilmetdinova E. S. , Mulendeeva M. A. , Anisimov A. Yu. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: to study the views of the youth in the Republic of Tatarstan on organ donation and transplantation, to analyze their awareness and ideas about donor transplants and potential their willingness to become organ donors.Materials and methods. An anonymous sociological survey of 880 respondents aged 18 to 35 from the Republic of Tatarstan was conducted in the period from January 1 to July 1, 2021. An 11-question questionnaire was developed using online service Google Forms. Participation in the survey was voluntary.Results. Female and male respondents accounted for 79.0% and 21.0%, respectively; 34.2% of the respondents have or are receiving medical education. Among the respondents, 71.5% have a clear understanding of the term «organ donation», 27.4% are not sure of their understanding, 1.1% do not have a clear understanding. 56.8% consider the issue of organ donation for transplantation in the Republic of Tatarstan as a pressing matter, 3.5% do not see it so, while 39.7% found it difficult to answer. After death, 35.9% would agree to become donors, 39.5% probably would agree, 9.3% probably would disagree, 5.6% strongly disagrees, 9.7% found it difficult to answer. The most common associations with organ donation were positive: 34.5% associate it with «life», 25.1% with «help», and 22.0% with «lifeline».Conclusion. Young people in the Republic of Tatarstan are ready for a healthy debate of the problem of organ donation and most of them see it as a noble course. Given the interest in the problem and lack of awareness by the target audience, it is advisable to include independent academic disciplines on transplantology and organ donation in the curriculums of medical universities in the country. It is necessary to attract modern interdisciplinary information and educational resources to promote organ donation among the Russian public.
Determining the optimal pancreatic decellularization protocol, taking into account tissue morphological features
Authors: Ponomareva A. S. , Baranova N. V. , Kirsanova L. A. , Bubentsova G. N. , Nemets E. A. , Miloserdov I. A. , Sevastianov V. I. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Developing a tissue-engineered pancreatic construct (TEPC) involves a search for matrices/scaffolds capable of mimicking the structure and composition of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), which is an important component of the tissue microenvironment. A cell-free, tissue-specific matrix obtained from pancreas decellularization seems to be the most suitable for creation of a TEPC. The choice of pancreatic tissue decellularization protocol should take into account the morphological characteristics of the original pancreas. Preservation of the architectonics and composition of the native tissue in the decellularized pancreas matrix (DPM), and the presence of native ECM components allow for creation of conditions for prolonged vital activity of functionally active islet (insulin-producing) cells when creating TEPC.Objective: to determine the optimal parameters for decellularization of deceased donor pancreas with fibrosis, lipomatosis, and without pronounced signs of fibrosis and lipomatosis.Materials and methods. We used the caudal part of the pancreas obtained after multiorgan procurement from deceased donors, which was unsuitable for transplantation. Tissue-specific matrix was obtained by a combination of physical and chemical methods of pancreatic decellularization. A freeze-thaw cycle protocol and two protocols using osmotic shock were used. Samples of initial pancreatic tissue and decellularized fragments were subjected to histological analysis.Results. It was shown that a physico-chemical method with freeze-thaw cycles is suitable for effective pancreatic decellularization in severe lipomatosis; a physico-chemical method using osmotic shock, but different protocol variants, is suitable for pancreas with diffuse fibrosis and for pancreas without pronounced signs of fibrosis and lipomatosis.Conclusion. For complete human pancreatic decellularization, the protocol should be correlated with histological features of the original tissue.
Combined treatment of unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma with subsequent liver transplantation
Authors: Granov D. A. , Tileubergenov I. I. , Zhuikov V. N. , Sheraliev A. R. , Polikarpov A. A. , Moiseenko A. V. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: to demonstrate the experience of unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma treatment using neoadjuvant therapy followed by liver transplantation (LT).Materials and methods. From 2017 to 2021, six patients were included in the treatment protocol for unresectable Klatskin tumor followed by liver transplantation at Granov Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technology. The neoadjuvant therapy included endobiliary photodynamic therapy (PDT), as well as regional and systemic chemotherapy. Each method was used at least three times for 4 to 5 months with radiological evaluation and measurement of CA 19-9 levels. Patients were placed on the waiting list when the tumor marker reduced, or when there were no radiological signs of disease progression and there was no acute cholangitis. The recipients underwent laparoscopic abdominal revision for carcinomatosis and assessment of lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament with urgent morphological examination. Where there was no extrahepatic spread, LT was performed according to the classical technique with paracaval, para-aortic and hepatoduodenal lymphodissection, biliodigestive anastomosis by an isolated Roux loop of small intestine. The operation was performed in three patients, all of them were men aged 40 to 55 years (mean 48). The mean time from the start of treatment to transplantation was 9.3 months (range 6 to 14). Mean CA 19-9 level at the time of intervention was 81.3 IU/mL (8 to 212).Results. In three patients, CA 19-9 levels more than doubled on average over four months despite treatment. According to data from computed tomography RECIST assessment, two of the patients showed disease progression. In one patient, carcinomatosis was detected by diagnostic laparoscopy. In three patients, CA 19-9 levels decreased more than fourfold. Two of these patients were radiologically confirmed to have the disease stabilized, and one had a partial response. One patient died from sepsis three years after transplantation as a result of secondary biliary cirrhosis and biliary abscesses without signs of progression. Two patients are still alive after 6 and 21 months without signs of tumor progression.Conclusion. LT for unresectable Klatskin tumor is effective in controlling the bioactivity of the tumor through the use of neoadjuvant therapy
Effect of transdermal immunomodulation on liver regeneration
Authors: Kuznetsova E. G. , Kuryleva O. M. , Salomatina L. A. , Kirsanova L. A. , Gonikova Z. Z. , Nikolskaya A. O. , Shmerko N. P. , Sevastianov V. I 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The use of immunomodulators to regulate reparative processes in affected organs and tissues remains a pressing issue. Of greatest interest is liver regeneration after extended hepatic resection (EHR) in donors in right lobe living related donor liver transplantation. We propose a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) with an immunomodulator to enhance the natural process of liver tissue regeneration. Objective: to study the effect of transdermal administration of immunomodulator sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione on early recovery processes in the liver after EHR in in vivo experiments.Materials and methods. Sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione was used as an active substance in TTS in the form of powder for preparation of intramuscular injection solution (Galavit®, SELVIM LLC). An experimental EHR model was performed on 22 male Wistar rats weighing 350–380 g. After HER, all animals were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 10) consisted of untreated animals. In group 2 (n = 12), TTS was applied immediately after liver resection. The experiment lasted for 48 hours; the TTS was changed once after 24 hours from the beginning of application.Results. In either group, there was no significant difference in the weight of liver remnant gain and in biochemical blood parameters at 48 hours after EHR. Assessment of the mitotic index (MI) of hepatocytes 48 hours after EHR revealed a significant increase in MI in both groups in comparison with the baseline (before liver resection) equal to 0.14 ± 0.07‰. The MI in group 1 and group 2 animals was 12.70 ± 4.9‰ and 17.43 ± 4.90‰, respectively (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion. Studies on the regenerative activity of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione TTS on an experimental EHR model in rats showed that this drug form had a pronounced stimulating effect on the mitotic activity of liver cells.
Asphalt mixture modification with a plastomeric compound containing recycled plastic: laboratory and field investigation
Authors: Cardone Fabrizio , Spadoni Sara , Ferrotti Gilda , Canestrari Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of recycled plastic in asphalt pavements represents a sustainable and economic choice which, if correctly designed, could significantly improve the resistance against the typical distresses of flexible pavements. For this reason, this paper aims at evaluating the mechanical properties of two asphalt mixtures modified with two plastomeric compounds through the dry method, by comparing their results with those obtained for a reference asphalt mixture modified with Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) polymers. One of the compounds consisted of plastomeric polymers, whereas the other was made of recycled plastic and graphene. The experimental program included laboratory tests on shear gyratory compacted specimens and cores extracted from a real-scale field trial. The results showed that stiffness, fatigue and rutting resistance of the two polymeric compound modified mixtures were comparable to those of the reference mixture. Finally, a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) campaign, performed in the field after one year of service life of the pavement, showed a reduced structural response of the sections constructed with compound modified mixtures with respect to the reference one because of compaction issues and possible interlayer de-bonding effects.
A Preface to American Political Theory
Authors: Lutz Donald S. 
Published: April 2022

It doesn't begin with a panegyric to the American founding. It doesn't answer the following questions: "What are the basic principles in the U.S. Constitution? What were the intentions of the founders with respect to (fill in your own topic)? What is the meaning of pluralism, or separation of powers, or democracy, or (fill in your own concept)?" In short, it doesn't provide an overview of the content, development, or major conclusions of American political theory.What it does do is provide "a pre-theoretical analysis of how to go about studying questions like the ones above-how to conceptualize the project, how to proceed in looking for answers, how to avoid the logical traps peculiar to the study of American political theory."Lutz sets out to emancipate American political theorists from empiricism and inappropriate European theories and methodologies. The end result is to establish the foundation for the systematic study of American behavior, institutions, and ideas; to provide a general introduction to the study of American political theory; and to illustrate how textual analysis, history, empirical research, and analytic philosophy are all part of the enterprise.Designed for students and scholars in all disciplines, including political science, history, and legal studies, A Preface to American Political Theory doesn't provide answers to central continuing issues in American political theory. Rather, it provides an effective, sophisticated entree into the study of American political theory. Readers will be armed with the intellectual tools to engage in systematic study and makes them aware of the pitfalls they will inevitably encounter.
HOT-COMPRESSION DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR AND CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS OF LZ50 AXLE STEEL
Authors: Jia Dongsheng , He Tao , Huo Yuan-ming , Du Xiang-yang , Wang Bao-yu , Li Shi-qian , Li Han-lin 
Published: April 2022

A study of deformation behavior of LZ50 axle steel has great significance to the railway industry. Hot-deformation tests were performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal mechanical simulator at temperatures of (900, 1000 and 1100) °C with strain rates of (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0) s–1 under different deformation degrees of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0. True stress-strain curves were discussed to obtain hot-processing maps. Then hot-processing maps of LZ50 steel at different deformation parameters were discussed including safe zones and unsafe zones. Finally, thermal deformation constitutive equations and dynamic recrystallization models were established based on the experimental data. The results show that at a strain rate of 10.0 s–1, the peak value of the flow stress increases by approximately 40 MPa with a decrease in the temperature from 1000 °C 900 °C, which is larger than the value of 18 MPa obtained at a decrease from 1100 °C to 1000 °C. At deformation temperatures of 900–1000 °C, the peak value of the flow stress increases by approximately 37 MPa with the strain rate increasing from 0.1 s–1 to 1.0 s–1, while from 1.0 s–1 to 10.0 s–1, the increase is approximately 21 MPa. With an increase in the strain from 0.2 to 1.0, the instability area under the low deformation temperature expands due to a higher strain rate. The activation energy of dynamic recrystallization is 334.537 kJ/mol.
Исследование маршрута трехкомпонентной реакции пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин-1,2-диона с активированными нитрилами и резорцином с помощью ВЭЖХ-МС-мониторинга
Authors: Медведева Светлана Михайловна , Мовчан Алексей Владимирович , Самофалова Наталья Александровна , Шихалиев Хидмет Сафарович 
Published: April 2022

В последние годы для анализа состава и строения интермедиатов, оценки степени конверсии реагентов, идентификации побочных продуктов, установления структуры продуктов и механизмов реакций, протекающих в жидкой фазе, применяется их мониторинг методом масс-спектрометрии в комбинации с жидкостной хроматографией. В данной работе проведен ВЭЖХ-МС-мониторинг каскадной трехкомпонентной реакции замещенного 4H-пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин-1,2-диона с активированным нитрилом (малононитрилом или этилцианоацетатом) и резорцином при кипячении в этаноле в присутствии N-метилпиперазина, в качестве катализатора, и предложен вероятный механизм этой циклоконденсации.
Установлено, что маршрут этого многокомпонентного процесса зависит от акцепторной силы заместителя в нитриле. В случае малонитрила взаимодействие протекает как каскад последовательных реакций Кнёвенагеля –> Михаэля –> Торпа-Циглера. Вначале происходит конденсация β-карбонильной группы пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин-1,2-диона с нитрилом, затем присоединение резорцина с образованием линейного продукта трехкомпонентной реакции. Дальнейшая циклизация и [1,3]-сигматропный протонный сдвиг приводят к конечному замещенному 2-амино-7-гидрокси-2'-оксо-4'H-спиро[хромен-4,1'-пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин]-3-карбонитрилу. С менее реакционноспособным метиленовым компонентом – этилцианоацетатом – основной каскад реакций сопровождается образованием продукта присоединения последнего к пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин-1,2-диону, конденсация которого с резорцином приводит к линейному продукту трехкомпонентной реакции. Кроме того параллельно каскадная реакция протекает по побочному пути через образование продукта конденсации пирролохинолиндиона с резорцином. Последний, присоединяя молекулу этилцианоацетата, через линейный продукт трехкомпонентной реакции превращается в этил 2-амино-7-гидрокси-2'-оксо-4'H- спиро[хромен-4,1'-пирроло[3,2,1-ij]хинолин]-3-карбоксилат.
Применение хроматографических методов для очистки глутатионредуктазы из печени крыс с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом 2 типа
Authors: Агарков Александр Алексеевич , Попова Татьяна Николаевна , Чичай Александра Сергеевна , Михалева Ольга Сергеевна , Попова Светлана Евгеньевна 
Published: April 2022

Целью настоящей работы явилось определение активности глутатионредуктазы (ГР, КФ 1.6.4.2) из печени крыс с экспериментальным СД2 и животных, которым на фоне патологии вводили SkQ1, а также разработка схемы очистки фермента с применением хроматографических методов. В эксперименте использовали печень крыс контрольной группы животных, со стрептозотоциновым сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) и крыс с экспериментальной гипергликемией, которым вводили 10-(6'-пластохинонил) децилтрифенилфосфониума (SkQ1). СД2 индуцировали путем комбинации высокожировой диеты в течение 1 месяца и последующего двукратного внутрибрюшинного введения стрептозотоцина с интервалом 7 дней в дозе 30 мг/кг веса животного в цитратном буфере рН 4.4. SkQ1 вводили в виде раствора в дозе 1250 нмоль/кг/сут со второй недели эксперимента утром 1 раз в день. Активность ГР определяли спектрофотометрически на СФ-56 при 340 нм. Общее количество белка определяли по методу Лоури. Выявлено возрастание активности ГР в печени крыс со стрептозотоциновым СД2 относительно значений контрольной группы животных, а также установлено, что введение SkQ1 животным с патологией приводило к уменьшению активности исследуемого фермента.С помощью метода разделения белков сульфатом аммония, а также гель-фильтрации через сефадекс G-25 и ионообменной хроматографии на ДЭАЭ-целлюлозе получены ферментные препараты ГР, очищенные в 56.5, 45.57 и 52.9 раз из печени крыс контрольной группы, животных с СД2, индуцированным стрептозотоцином, и крыс с экспериментальной гипергликемией, которым вводили SkQ1. Выявлено, что в ходе использования ионообменной хроматографии на ДЭАЭ-целлюлозе десорбция основного пула фермента, выделенного из печени контрольных животных, наблюдалась при использовании KCl в концентрации 100 ммоль/дм3, в ходе очистки фермента из печени животных с экспериментальной гипергликемией – 50 ммоль/дм3. При использовании SkQ1 в качестве протектора на фоне патологии часть ГР, десорбирующейся с ДЭАЭ-целлюлозы при использовании KCl в концентрации 100 ммоль/дм3, увеличивалась по сравнению с патологией. Вероятно, это может быть связано с изменением общего заряда молекулы исследуемого фермента в условиях оксидативного стресса, возникающего при гипергликемии.