bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport, Indigeneity, and Native Identities
Authors: Keegan Tara , Guiliano Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Explorations of sport have overwhelmingly concentrated on the rise of “modern” sport and its attendant articulations of professional, collegiate, youth sport and issues of sporting culture. These narratives have focused on individual and team athletic achievements, questions of amateurism versus professional athletics, commercial viability and profitability, and individual and community experiences. This chapter considers dominant narratives of U.S. sport and how they relate to Native American and Indigenous athlete experiences and their communities in advancing an argument that indigeneity challenges assumptions of what sport is and how it functions in professional, youth, collegiate, and community sporting cultures. The chapter also maps Indigenous contributions to non-Indigenous sporting communities, including boarding schools, mascots, and popular sporting media. By privileging Native athletes and their experiences, the chapter illustrates the complex, and often contradictory, ways that modern sport and the individuals involved in sporting communities commodify and capitalize on Native athletes and identities even as the public resists Native sporting practices.
Sport, Bodily Ideals, and Obesity
Authors: Markula Pirkko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Physical activity is typically considered to improve health by preventing costly conditions such as obesity. In addition, sporting and exercising bodies are often celebrated as ideal, with fit bodies displayed broadly across media outlets. This fit body ideal is deeply gendered, as it differs significantly for men and women. In addition, the ideal body is by no means an average or “normal” body, but often is an elusive ideal toward which many consumers are nevertheless ceaselessly encouraged to work to achieve. In this chapter, key issues concerning media representations of ideal, physically active bodies are considered. Further consideration is given to how diverse individuals are persuaded to build idealized bodies, how they are “controlled” through their body-work in the contemporary society, and how debates over the success of an “appearance orientation” as a strategy for improved health are rendered.
Sport, Gambling, and Match-Fixing
Authors: Tak Minhyeok 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gambling has emerged as a double-edged sword for contemporary sport: it serves as a key source of revenues, while simultaneously posing serious challenges. This chapter provides a critical understanding of the social forces, regulations, and discourses around today’s sports under the influence of gambling. The chapter starts with a brief historical overview of the fluctuating relationship between sports and gambling. It outlines how the financial-ethical trade-offs have governed the relationship between sports and gambling and continue to raise integrity and public health issues. Narrowing the focus to the issue of match-fixing, the chapter also reviews diverse approaches adopted: economic, investigative-journalistic, sociocultural, and institutional perspectives. Finally, it discusses how the ongoing policy discourses of sport integrity constitute potential debates surrounding the ethical codes of conduct in sport.
Sport, Fan Violence, and Hooliganism
Authors: Williams John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It was more than 40 years ago that the American sociologist Alan Roadburg first explored, theoretically and empirically, the differences between British and North American sports fan violence. How much have things really changed since? North American scholarship on sports fan disorder has traditionally had a rather different character and tone compared to that in much of the rest of the world. The focus in the former has tended to be on sociopsychological explanations of crowd behavior or on individual fan aggressions across a range of sports, often tied up with intensely masculinized overidentification, feelings of frustration, and the excessive abuse of alcohol. In the latter, the focus has been much more ethnographic and socioanthropological, on the collective behavior of football (soccer) fans, especially those young men involved in violent and aggressive honor contests between relatively organized hooligan firms, ultras groups, or barras. Some scholars have recently outlined new analytical models to bring together these different traditions. In this chapter, a critical assessment is made of the key issues, approaches, and debates about sport fan violence and hooliganism.
Sport, Journalism, and Social Reproduction
Authors: Rowe David , Boyle Raymond 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sports journalism mediates between sports organizations, sports fans, and wider publics. Its remit ranges from basic reportage through celebrity gossip to serious critique of sport and its social implications. Sports journalists, as agents operating at the intersection of the sport and media fields, encounter conflicting demands to celebrate and scrutinize sport in highly commercialized and politicized environments. This chapter addresses sports journalism’s role in reproducing and contesting structures, practices, and power relations within the institution of sport, and in explicitly and implicitly representing the relationships between sport and society. It analyzes the ways in which sports journalism manages and promotes social mythologies and ideologies, including propositions that sport can be insulated from societal norms and, contrastingly, is merely a reflection of them. The chapter concludes by discussing the changes in sport media organizations and in communication technologies that are challenging the influence of traditional sports journalism on culture and society.
Sport, Film, and the Cultural Imaginary
Authors: Crosson Seán 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Codified sport and the cinema emerged contemporaneously in the second half of the 19th century, and from the earliest film productions, sport was prominently featured and contributed significantly to the new art form’s growing popularity. Sport would subsequently become one of commercial cinema’s most enduring and popular topics, though scholarship of the area (and identification of a specific genre) was slower to develop. While identifying salient aspects of depictions of sport’s fiction on film, this chapter examines the development of the relevant critical discourse and the major foci therein, including sport cinema’s role in articulating and influencing understandings of broader sociocultural themes such as race, social class, gender, and nationalism.
Sport, Advertising, and Promotional Culture
Authors: Jackson Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the unique, yet often overlooked, relationship between sport, culture, and advertising as a part of wider promotional culture. Specifically, this chapter first outlines some key issues related to the social and economic impact of advertising on society. This includes a basic understanding of how and why advertising emerged as an industry, along with highlighting some of the unique features of sport that make it an attractive theme or vehicle within the broader realm of promotional culture. Second, the chapter examines some of the common theoretical approaches used within advertising theory and, in turn, offers the circuit of culture as one framework for understanding the complex interrelationships between production, representation, consumption, and regulation of commodities. Third, the analysis examines a few key debates related to sport, advertising, and consumer culture, followed by a brief conclusion.
Sport, Digital Media, and Social Media
Authors: Sanderson Jimmy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As social and digital media technologies have enveloped sport, there has been a corresponding growth in scholarship to examine the effects of these technologies on various sport stakeholders. This chapter addresses three critical areas where social and digital technologies are having a major impact in sport: (1) athlete self-presentation and identity expression, (2) privacy, and (3) athlete abuse. Each of these areas poses critical implications for sport participants including athletes, coaches, and organizational personnel among others. The chapter offers suggestions for education and programming to support athletes and other stakeholders in managing issues arising from social and digital media consumption. The chapter also outlines directions for future research, including the need to examine this area from a critical perspective.
Sport, Religion, and Beliefs
Authors: Parker Andrew , Watson Nick J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The relationship between sport and religion has been evident across a number of historical periods, from the athletic spectacles of ancient Greece to the muscular Christian ideals of Victorian Britain. In turn, a significant body of work has emerged which maps these connections across a range of world religions. These accounts provide useful insight into the different ways in which the sport-religion relationship has been articulated over time and how specific belief systems have appropriated sporting practice. This chapter focuses on the relationship between sport and Christianity. More specifically, it explores the way in which this relationship has come to manifest amid the commercialism of modern-day sport.
Follow-up care of the extremely preterm infant after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Hendson Leonora , Church Paige T , Banihani Rudaina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The survival of babies born extremely preterm (EP, &lt;28 weeks gestation) has improved over time, and many have good outcomes and quality of life. They remain at risk for health issues, including neurosensory and neurodevelopmental difficulties requiring monitoring by primary physicians, paediatricians, and specialty clinics. This statement reviews potential medical and neurodevelopmental consequences for EP infants in the first 2 years after discharge and provides strategies for counselling, early detection, and intervention. EP-related conditions to assess for early include bronchopulmonary dysplasia or respiratory morbidity, feeding and growth concerns, neurosensory development (vision and hearing), cerebral palsy, and autism spectrum disorder. Correction for gestational age should be used for growth and development until 36 months of age. Integral to quality care of the child born EP is attention to the emotional well-being of parents and caregivers.
Explaining employment sector choices of doctoral graduates in Germany
Authors: Goldan Lea , Jaksztat Steffen , Gross Christiane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Previous research in different national contexts has shown that individual preferences for certain job attributes, objective labour market conditions, subjective career prospects, and external encouragement shape doctoral graduates’ career decisions. For Germany, where the number of awarded doctoral degrees is highest within the European Union and where no established academic tenure-track system exists, the determinants of doctoral graduates’ sector choices are still largely unexplored. This article aims to shed light on the determinants of sector choices of doctoral graduates in Germany. By deriving the determinants from the wide version of rational choice theory and by measuring the determinants prior to employment sectors, we overcome the conceptual and methodological limitations of previous research. Using data from a nationally representative panel survey with doctoral graduates of the 2014 cohort in Germany, we differentiate between five distinct employment sectors and carry out multinomial logistic regression analysis. As expected, and in line with previous research from other countries, the results confirm that the sector choices of doctoral graduates in Germany depend on their preferences as well as various objective and subjective constraints. The article helps to better understand how doctoral graduates select into different employment sectors and thus provides important insights into postdoctoral career trajectories.
Determination of four homogeneous subgroups of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a cluster analysis based on 509 cases
Authors: Nguyen Yann , Yelnik Cécile M , Morel Nathalie , Paule Romain , Stammler Romain , Plaçais Léo , Sacré Karim , Godeau Bertrand , Maillard Hélène , Launay David , Morell-Dubois Sandrine , Dupré Anastasia , Lefèvre Guillaume , Devloo Cécile , Dufrost Virginie , Benhamou Ygal , Levesque Hervé , Leroux Gaëlle , Piette Jean-Charles , Mouthon Luc , Hachulla Éric , Lambert Marc , Le Guern Véronique , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
APS is a heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes. Using an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, we aimed to determine distinct homogeneous phenotypes among APS patients.

Methods
We performed an observational, retrospective study of APS patients enrolled in the French multicentre ‘APS and SLE’ registry who met the Sydney classification criteria. The clustering process involved an unsupervised multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascendant clustering analysis; it used 27 variables selected to cover a broad range of APS clinical and laboratory manifestations.

Results
These analyses included 509 patients, mainly women (77.8%). Mean (s.d.) age at APS diagnosis was 36.2 (14.6) years, and mean follow-up since diagnosis 10.3 (8.5) years. This hierarchical classification cluster analysis yielded four homogeneous groups of patients: cluster 1, mostly with venous thromboembolism without any associated autoimmune disease; cluster 2, older, lowest proportion of women, history of arterial events, and/or with migraines, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidaemia; cluster 3, younger, highest proportion of women, associated SLE or other autoimmune diseases, and a history of venous thromboembolism or pregnancy morbidity; and cluster 4, mainly with a history of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, aPL-associated nephropathy, and pregnancy morbidity, with frequent triple positivity and more deaths (16.7%).

Conclusions
Our study applied an unsupervised clustering method to distinguish four homogeneous APS patient subgroups that were predominantly venous; arterial; associated with SLE or another autoimmune disease; and arterial microthrombotic. Heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms may explain these findings.
Comparison of health-care utilization, costs and health-related quality of life across the subgroups defined by the Keele STarT MSK Tool
Authors: Oppong Raymond , Lewis Martyn , Campbell Paul , Dunn Kate M , Foster Nadine E , Hill Jonathan C , Jowett Sue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe and compare health economic outcomes [health-care utilization and costs, work outcomes, and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L)] in patients classified into different levels-of-risk subgroups by the Keele STarT MSK Tool.

Methods
Data on health-care utilization, costs and EQ-5D-5L were collected from a health-care perspective within a primary care prospective observational cohort study. Patients presenting with one (or more) of the five most common musculoskeletal pain presentations were included: back, neck, shoulder, knee or multi-site pain. Participants at low, medium and high risk of persistent disabling pain were compared in relation to mean health-care utilization and costs, health-related quality of life, and employment status. Regression analysis was used to estimate costs.

Results
Over 6 months, the mean (s.d.) total health-care (National Health Service and private) costs associated with the low, medium, and high-risk subgroups were £132.92 (167.88), £279.32 (462.98) and £476.07 (716.44), respectively. Mean health-related quality of life over the 6-month period was lower and more people changed their employment status in the high-risk subgroup compared with the medium- and low-risk subgroups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that subgroups of people with different levels of risk for poor musculoskeletal pain outcomes also have different levels of health-care utilization, health-care costs, health-related quality of life, and work outcomes. The findings show that the STarT MSK Tool not only identifies those at risk of a poorer outcome, but also those who will have more health-care visits and incur higher costs.
Novel mutation and expanding phenotype in IRF2BP2 deficiency
Authors: Körholz Julia , Gabrielyan Anastasia , Sczakiel Henrike Lisa , Schulze Livia , Rejzek Manuela , Laass Martin W , Leuchten Nicolai , Tiebel Oliver , Aust Diana , Conrad Karsten , Röber Nadja , Jacobsen Eva-Maria , Ehmke Nadja , Berner Reinhard , Lucas Nadja , Lee-Kirsch Minae A , Wiedemuth Ralf , Roesler Joachim , Roers Axel , Amendt Timm , Schuetz Catharina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesInborn errors of immunity manifest with susceptibility to infection but may also present with immune dysregulation only. According to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry about 50% of inborn errors of immunity are classified as common variable immunodeficiencies (CVID). In only few CVID patients are monogenic causes identified. IFN regulatory factor-2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) is one of 20 known genes associated with CVID phenotypes and has only been reported in two families so far. We report another IRF2BP2-deficient patient with a novel pathogenic variant and phenotype and characterize impaired B cell function and immune dysregulation.MethodsWe performed trio whole-exome sequencing, determined B cell subpopulations and intracellular calcium mobilization upon B cell receptor crosslinking in B cells. T cell subpopulations, T cell proliferation and a type I IFN signature were measured. Colonoscopy and gastroduodenoscopy including histopathology were performed.ResultsThe 33-year-old male presented with recurrent respiratory infections since childhood, colitis and RA beginning at age 25 years. We identified a novel de novo nonsense IRF2BP2 variant c.1618C&gt;T; p.(Q540*). IgG deficiency was detected as consequence of a severe B cell differentiation defect. This was confirmed by impaired plasmablast formation upon stimulation with CpG. No serum autoantibodies were detected. Intracellular cytokine production in CD4+ T cells and CTLA4 expression on FOXP3+ Tregs were impaired. Type I IFN signature was elevated.ConclusionThe identified loss-of-function variant in IRF2BP2 severely impairs B cell development and T cell homeostasis, and may be associated with colitis and RA. Our results provide further evidence for association of IRF2BP2 with CVID and contribute to the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms.
Emergence of Language Related to Self-experience and Agency in Autobiographical Narratives of Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Chan Chi C , Norel Raquel , Agurto Carla , Lysaker Paul H , Myers Evan J , Hazlett Erin A , Corcoran Cheryl M , Minor Kyle S , Cecchi Guillermo A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisDisturbances in self-experience are a central feature of schizophrenia and its study can enhance phenomenological understanding and inform mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms. Self-experience involves the sense of self-presence, of being the subject of one’s own experiences and agent of one’s own actions, and of being distinct from others. Self-experience is traditionally assessed by manual rating of interviews; however, natural language processing (NLP) offers automated approach that can augment manual ratings by rapid and reliable analysis of text.Study DesignWe elicited autobiographical narratives from 167 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 90 healthy controls (HC), amounting to 490 000 words and 26 000 sentences. We used NLP techniques to examine transcripts for language related to self-experience, machine learning to validate group differences in language, and canonical correlation analysis to examine the relationship between language and symptoms.Study ResultsTopics related to self-experience and agency emerged as significantly more expressed in SZ than HC (P &lt; 10−13) and were decoupled from similarly emerging features such as emotional tone, semantic coherence, and concepts related to burden. Further validation on hold-out data showed that a classifier trained on these features achieved patient-control discrimination with AUC = 0.80 (P &lt; 10−5). Canonical correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between self-experience and agency language features and clinical symptoms.ConclusionsNotably, the self-experience and agency topics emerged without any explicit probing by the interviewer and can be algorithmically detected even though they involve higher-order metacognitive processes. These findings illustrate the utility of NLP methods to examine phenomenological aspects of schizophrenia.
Metagenomics show high spatiotemporal virus diversity and ecological compartmentalisation: Virus infections of melon,Cucumis melo, crops, and adjacent wild communities
Authors: McLeish Michael J , Zamfir Adrián D , Babalola Bisola M , Peláez Adrián , Fraile Aurora , García-Arenal Fernando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emergence of viral diseases results from novel transmission dynamics between wild and crop plant communities. The bias of studies towards pathogenic viruses of crops has distracted from knowledge of non-antagonistic symbioses in wild plants. Here, we implemented a high-throughput approach to compare the viromes of melon (Cucumis melo) and wild plants of crop (Crop) and adjacent boundaries (Edge). Each of the 41-plant species examined was infected by at least one virus. The interactions of 104 virus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with these hosts occurred largely within ecological compartments of either Crop or Edge, with Edge having traits of a reservoir community. Local scale patterns of infection were characterised by the positive correlation between plant and virus richness at each site, the tendency for increased specialist host use through seasons, and specialist host use by OTUs observed only in Crop, characterised local-scale patterns of infection. In this study of systematically sampled viromes of a crop and adjacent wild communities, most hosts showed no disease symptoms, suggesting non-antagonistic symbioses are common. The coexistence of viruses within species-rich ecological compartments of agro-systems might promote the evolution of a diversity of virus strategies for survival and transmission. These communities, including those suspected as reservoirs, are subject to sporadic changes in assemblages, and so too are the conditions that favour the emergence of disease.