bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the impact of the kinetic effect of ion parallel heat conduction on DEMO-relevant SOL plasma using integrated SOL-divertor code SONIC
Authors: Homma Yuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In plasmas of lower collisionality, such as the scrape-off layer (SOL) of a fusion tokamak device, the parallel heat conductivity of ions becomes smaller than the classical Spitzer–Harm model due to a nonlocal kinetic effect. We have assessed, by simulation, the impact and role of the kinetic effect of ion heat conductivity (abbreviated as ion KE in this paper) on DEMO-relevant tokamak SOL plasma, using the Japanese demonstration tokamak reactor concept JA DEMO. A series of test simulations, where the ion KE is modeled by a widely used free-streaming energy (FSE)-limited model, has demonstrated: (a) the ion KE decreases the ion parallel heat flux density in JA DEMO SOL (at the baseline operation scenario) around the X-point and further upstream of the low-field side (LFS) area along the separatrix, where the parallel collisionality is smaller. Up to 40%–60% decrease is observed, compared to the case without (w/o) ion KE, among the test cases where the ion KE level is scanned over the possible range (i.e. parameter α
i of the FSE-limited model is varied over

0.2
⩽

α
i

⩽
2.0

); (b) the ion KE leads to significant increase in the ion temperature T
i (up to 600% increase) and significant decrease in the ion density n
i (up to −80%) over wide area of the SOL upstream. Energy balance analysis has suggested that the ion KE affects the upstream n
i and T
i by the power of 0.4 and −0.4, respectively, of the flux limiting factor, as long as spatial changes in plasma parameters are moderate. The results of this study serve as a fundamental assessment of the ion KE for DEMO- relevant SOL plasma, clarifying the need for further sophistication of the model toward more quantitative prediction.
A residual-based message passing algorithm for constraint satisfaction problems
Authors: Zhao Chun-Yan , Fu Yan-Rong , Zhao Jin-Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Message passing algorithms, whose iterative nature captures complicated interactions among interconnected variables in complex systems and extracts information from the fixed point of iterated messages, provide a powerful toolkit in tackling hard computational tasks in optimization, inference, and learning problems. In the context of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), when a control parameter (such as constraint density) is tuned, multiple threshold phenomena emerge, signaling fundamental structural transitions in their solution space. Finding solutions around these transition points is exceedingly challenging for algorithm design, where message passing algorithms suffer from a large message fluctuation far from convergence. Here we introduce a residual-based updating step into message passing algorithms, in which messages with large variation between consecutive steps are given high priority in the updating process. For the specific example of model RB (revised B), a typical prototype of random CSPs with growing domains, we show that our algorithm improves the convergence of message updating and increases the success probability in finding solutions around the satisfiability threshold with a low computational cost. Our approach to message passing algorithms should be of value for exploring their power in developing algorithms to find ground-state solutions and understand the detailed structure of solution space of hard optimization problems.
Study of the degradation level influence of coastal zones on the water trophicity in lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy, Chelyabinsk region (Russia)
Authors: Mashkova I , Kostryukova A , Belov S , Trofimenko V , Mashkov S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The man-made impact on hydro-ecological state of water-bodies affects every stage of water ecosystem formation. Such a load has certain patterns of spatial formation distribution of coastal geosystems with different stages of digression as a result of direct recreational impact on hydrological natural monuments Southern Urals - Lake Turgoyak and Lake Uvildy. The current paper researches a degradation level of the coastal zones of the Lakes Turgoyak and Uvildy (Russia). To prepare for measurements and measure recreational load, the methods of trial areas, transect, mathematical-statistical and registration-measuring methods were used. The level of digression at the test site was determined by an integral generalized assessment of fifteen characteristic criteria for anthropogenic transformation of geosystems on a five-point scale. The trophic status of the studied areas of the lakes was determined by the Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI). Determined that, landscape and recreational zones with various degrees of digression were formed around the lakes under the influence of dispersed recreational load. On the territory of camping sites located no further than 30-50 m from the water-bodies, the 4th-5th stage of recreational digression prevails. At a distance of 50-200 m from the lakes, there is a 2-3 stage of digression. At a distance of up to 100-150 m – the 3rd stage, and from 150 m – the 1-2 stage. Within recreation centers, spatial differences in recreational digression are expressed slightly, and geosystems are more often characterized by a 3-5 stage of digression. It is established that the littoral zooplankton is more diversity in those parts of the lake water area where there are optimal conditions for its development, the lowest recreational load and the lowest degree of digression.
A comparison between lumped and distributed hydrological models for daily rainfall-runoff simulation
Authors: Vilaseca F , Narbondo S , Chreties C , Castro A , Gorgoglione A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Uruguay, the Santa Lucía Chico watershed has been studied in several hydrologic/hydraulic works due to its economic and social importance. However, few studies have been focused on water balance computation in this watershed. In this work, two daily rainfall-runoff models, a distributed (SWAT) and a lumped one (GR4J), were implemented at two subbasins of the Santa Lucía Chico watershed, with the aim of providing a thorough comparison for simulating daily hydrographs and identify possible scenarios in which each approach is more suitable than the other. Results showed that a distributed and complex model like SWAT performs better in watersheds characterized by anthropic interventions such as dams, which can be explicitly represented. On the other hand, for watersheds with no significant reservoirs, the use of a complex model may not be justified due to the higher effort required in modeling design, implementation, and computational cost, which is not reflected in a significant improvement of model performance.
Physical characteristics of materials of Ecuadorian origin for water treatment
Authors: Mayacela M , Maldonado L , Morales F , Suquillo B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Ecuador, contaminated water is discharged directly into the sewage system. The treatments carried out for the elimination of wastewater pollutants are classified into three types: Physical, Chemical and Biological. One of the treatments that is frequently used is the physico-chemical treatment in which various reactive substances are used, which is why in this research several reactive substances of Ecuadorian origin, including activated carbon, peat, limestone, volcanic pyroclasts, zeolite clinoptilolite and zeolite modernite, are physically characterized. For this purpose, some laboratory tests were carried out based on national and international standards in order to obtain the granulometry, compactness coefficient, porosity, sphericity and permea-bility.
Comparing the utilities consumptions in Dubai per category and community: MANOVA and cluster analysis approaches
Authors: Saihi A , Alzaatreh A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
UAE is marked by the increasing demand for water and electricity due to demographic, environmental and economic factors, coupled with the dependence on water desalination process, which is costly, consumes a lot of energy and is non-environmentally friendly. Like most of the authorities in UAE, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority is facing the challenges of balancing supply with demand and responding to consumer requirements, from one side, and addressing the continuously increasing consumption and slowing it down from another side. Therefore, policy makers can benefit from statistical data analysis in order to make informed decisions. This study aims to equip decision makers with useful tools and analysis to address some of their short- and long-term objectives related to production and consumption. The current study focused on three main objectives: (i) analysing the production of the desalination plants in Dubai, (ii) comparing the consumptions of water and electricity based on the four categories residential, commercial, industrial and others, and (iii) segmenting the various communities in Dubai depending on their consumption behavior. The data used for this study is collected from the open government data and SAS Programming is adopted for data analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the desalinated water production follows an upward trend, yet still not in line with the consumption growth. Furthermore, there are significant differences between the four categories for both water and electricity consumptions. The highest levels of consumptions are associated with the residential and commercial categories. Finally, the cluster analysis technique revealed fifteen clusters of communities depending on the consumption levels.
Modeling of Sediment Transport Using Wave Height action in Fialaka Marina
Authors: Al-Salem K , Al-Rashed A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Failaka Island is the second-largest and one of the most important islands of Kuwait from the point of view of tourism located in the north Arabian Gulf. It has a marina constructed in 1979 and managed by the Ministry of Communication (MOC) and a tourism enterprise, and is widely used for its ferry landing facility. The coastal waters around Failaka are turbid and current velocities tend to be as high as ~0.5 m/s during spring tide. The marina basin, with axial plan view dimensions of about 285 m by 260 m experiences shoaling of naturally flocculated fine (cohesive) sediment and coarse sand in the entrance channel and more generally in the southern half of the basin. A particularly noteworthy zone of heavy and visible shoaling is along the inner side of the south breakwater close to the entrance. The marina at Failaka Island is suffering from siltation and sediment deposing issues. This study was carried out numerically to assess the annual sedimentation, sediment direction, and longshore current from locations around the existing marina to help in a suggestion of the solutions to reduce the siltation and sediment deposing based on sediments transport direction on marina entrance. A newly developed numerical solution for annual longshore sediments transport was used to estimate the total sediment transport and its direction. The study shows that the annual sediment transport directions which affect the Fialaka marina entrance are coming from the south to north due to wave action.
Strain variation in the Ti40,7Hf9,5Ni41,8Cu8 alloy during isothermal martensitic transformation under a constant stress
Authors: Demidova E , Pchelnikov P , Belyaev S , Resnina N , Shelyakov A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Strain variation on holding under a constant stress was studied in the Ti40,7Hf9,5Ni41,8Cu8 alloy. It was found, that on holding under stress, the isothermal strain rose up to saturation, which value depended on holding temperature and stress. It was found that the dependencies of the isothermal strain on the holding temperature and stress were non-monotonic. This allowed to find the optimal value of stress and time at which the isothermal strain attained the maximum value of 3.2 %. It was found that the maximum isothermal strain in the Ti40,7Hf9,5Ni41,8Cu8 alloy was less than in the Ti40,7Hf9,5Ni44,8Cu5 alloy.
Desalination of seawater using carbon-coated solar absorber in solar still
Authors: Karen W M J , Wong C Y , Melvin G J H 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesalination is a process of eliminating salt and other minerals from seawater which turns it to a safe usable water. This study showed the generation of clean water from seawater using carbon-coated solar absorber in two different solar still body colours which are transparent and black solar still, under direct solar exposure at approximately 1.2 kW/m2. The efficiency of carbon-coated solar absorber in the transparent and black solar still was computed, while the clean water collected was examined for its pH and salinity. Carbon-coated solar absorber in black solar still exhibit the highest efficiency at around 35.71%, where the pH and salinity of the collected clean water was substantially reduced to usable water at 6.55 and 62 ppm, respectively.
Mechanical properties of eggshells powder reinforced recycled high-density polyethylene
Authors: Farm Y Y , Mohammad Sappa A A A , Mustafa Z , Muzammil W K , Ismail M A , Amaludin N A , Kiring A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of thermal treated eggshells powder on the mechanical properties of recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE) composite. Thermal treated eggshellspowder, which was labelled as carbonised eggshells powder (CESP), was prepared at a low pyrolysis temperature of 400°C for one hour. The mechanical performance of the polymer composite reinforced with CESP was compared with the untreated dried raw eggshells powder (ESP) reinforced polymer composite. Each composite sample was prepared with a weight ratio of r-HDPE/filler varied at 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. The polymer composite was prepared through a melt blending method in an internal mixture at 175° at 32 RPM mixing rate. The composite samples were tested flexural analysis, while structure and morphology were characterised using Fourier Infrared Transformer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the finding, the interfacial adhesion of the composite between filler and matrix has improved with ESP and CESP, respectively. The composite with CESP filler at 70/30 shows the optimum flexural strength and modulus of 32.21 MPa and 2.06 GPa, respectively. Overall, the introduction of CESP offers a better performance in improving the mechanical properties of the composite as compared to ESP.
A review of the function of using carbon nanomaterials in membrane filtration for contaminant removal from wastewater
Authors: Chadha Utkarsh , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Vishak Thanu S. , Cholapadath Vishnu , Abraham Ashesh Mathew , Zaiyan Mohammed , Manikandan M , Paramasivam Velmurugan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water is a necessity for all living and non-living organisms on this planet. It is understood that clean water sources are decreasing by the day, and the rapid rise of Industries and technology has led to an increase in the release of toxic effluents that are discharged into the environment. Wastewater released from Industries, agricultural waste, and municipalities must be treated before releasing into the environment as they contain harmful pollutants such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals wastes, inorganic materials, and heavy metal ions. If not controlled, they can cause serious risks to human beings' health and contaminate our environment. Membrane filtration is a proven method for the filtration of various harmful chemicals and microbes from water. Carbon nanomaterials are applied in wastewater treatment due to their high surface area, making them efficient adsorbents. Carbon nanomaterials are being developed and utilized in membrane filtration for the treated wastewater before getting discharged with the rise of nanotechnology. This review studies carbon nanomaterials like fullerenes, graphenes, and CNTs incorporated in the membrane filtration to treat wastewater contaminants. We focus on these CNM based membranes and membrane technology, their properties and applications, and how they can enhance the commonly used membrane filtration performance by considering adsorption rate, selectivity, permeability, antimicrobial disinfectant properties, and compatibility with the environment.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-xMg/5Al2O3nanostructured composites
Authors: Chermahini M Delshad , Chermahini GH Rafiei , Safari J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of Mg content and milling time were investigated on the microstructure and microhardness values of Al-xMg/5Al2O3(x = 0, 4, 8 and 12 wt %) nanostructured composite prepared via high energy milling technique. XRD results showed an acceleration of alloying process and formation of Al (Mg)ssby enhancing percentage of Mg element. Also, by increase in Mg percentage the grain size reduction was more considerable during milling treatment. Additionally, increment of the Mg content up to 12 wt%, causes the increase in micro-strain of the samples (from 0.31 to 0.82%). Increase in Mg concentration accelerates the mechanical milling process. According to SEM results a coaxial and circular morphology with a uniform distribution of powder particles has been formed. Up to 12 wt% (for each milling time), significant increase in microhardness (215 HV) was carried out due to solid solution hardening and crystallite refinement. From 10 to 15 h, a slight increase in microhardness up to 218 HV can be observed.
Nickel oxide-based flexible thin-film NTC thermistors by using reverse offset printing
Authors: Kikkawa Taichi , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo , Fukuda Nobuko , Kusaka Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the use of printing methods to fabricate electronic devices (printed electronics) has attracted attention because of their low cost and low environmental impact. Printing technology enables the high-throughput fabrication of electrical circuits on film substrates, thereby providing inexpensive personal healthcare devices to monitor health status in real-time, for example. Temperature detection is one of the central concerns as a fundamental physical quantity in various fields. In 2013, a highly sensitive flexible thermistor was reported by formulating aqueous inks of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles for inkjet printing. However, it required a high-temperature calcination process of more than 200 °C, which led to the use of expensive polyimide films with high heat resistance. It is necessary to promote further the development of low-temperature processes for printed thermistors to realize flexible negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors at low cost using printed electronics technology. Moreover, in screen printing and inkjet printing, the definition of the ink pattern applied on the substrate changes due to spreading and coffee distortion phenomena, and the thickness between sensors becomes non-uniform, which is a structural consistency problem that can lead to variations in sensing performance. Therefore, in this study we developed low-temperature processable printed NTC thermistors with a temperature-sensitive layer of NiO by using reverse offset printing. The NTC thermistors were fabricated by printing a comb-like pattern of silver nanoparticles and a thin NiO film. In addition, the low-temperature formation of a NiO layer by oxygen plasma treatment was investigated, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to carry out compositional analysis of the surface. Together with the plasma-assisted calcination, a flexible NTC thermistor formed on polyethylene terephthalate film is demonstrated.
Existing Prediction Models of Disease Course in Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Are Poorly Replicated in a Prospective Inception Cohort
Authors: Atia Ohad , Kang Ben , Orlansky-Meyer Esther , Ledder Oren , Lev Tzion Raffi , Choi Sujin , Choe Byung-Ho , Kang Youra , Yogev Dotan , Najara Hisham , Carmon Natalie , Focht Gili , Shteyer Eyal , Turner Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral groups have proposed models to predict disease outcomes in paediatric Crohn’s disease [CD], notably the RISK, GROWTH, and the Porto group, but none were externally validated. We aimed to explore these predictive models and individual predictors summarised by the PIBD-ahead project in a prospective inception cohort of paediatric CD.MethodsWe included children who were diagnosed with CD at two medical centres and followed them at 3 and 12 months thereafter as well as at the last follow-up. Outcomes included steroid-free remission [SFR], surgery, and stricturing/fistulising disease.ResultsIn all 155 children were included (median follow-up of 31 [16–48] months, 107 [71%] had moderate-to-severe disease). Stricturing and penetrating disease at diagnosis were noted in 34 [22%] and two [1.3%] children, respectively, and these were excluded from the relevant analyses. At 1 year, 10 [8.3%] developed new stricturing disease, two [1.7%] developed penetrating disease, seven [5%] required intestinal surgery, and 15 [10%] required perianal surgery. The sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value [PPV]/negative predictive value [NPV] of the GROWTH criteria for predicting SFR at 12 months [occurring in 70% of children] were 20%/85%/76%/31% and for surgery at 2 years were 96%/20%/16%/96%, respectively. Strictures were predicted by the RISK model with sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of 33%/73%/18%/86%, respectively. The sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of the Porto criteria to predict surgery were 86%/10%/4%/94%, respectively. None of the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-ahead [PIBD-ahead] predictors were associated with surgery or stricturing disease.ConclusionsNone of the three main predictive models in paediatric CD achieved sufficient accuracy, far from that reported in the original cohorts. This highlights the necessity of external validation in any prediction model prior to its implementation in clinical practice
Evidence from Drosophila Supports Higher Duplicability of Faster Evolving Genes
Authors: Vance Zoe , Niezabitowski Lukasz , Hurst Laurence D , McLysaght Aoife 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The faster rate of evolution of duplicated genes relative to singletons has been well documented in multiple lineages. This observation has generally been attributed to a presumed release from constraint following creation of a redundant, duplicate copy. However, it is not obvious that the relationship operates in this direction. An alternative possibility—that the faster rate of evolution predates the duplication event and the observed differences result from a higher propensity to duplicate in fast-evolving genes—has been tested in primates and in insects. However, these studies arrived at different conclusions and clarity is needed on whether these contrasting results relate to differences in methodology or legitimate biological differences between the lineages selected. Here, we test whether duplicable genes are faster evolving independent of duplication in the Drosophila lineage and find that our results support the conclusion that faster evolving genes are more likely to duplicate, in agreement with previous work in primates. Our findings indicate that this characteristic of gene duplication is not restricted to a single lineage and has broad implications for the interpretation of the impact of gene duplication. We identify a subset of “singletons” which defy the general trends and appear to be faster evolving. Further investigation implicates homology detection failure and suggests that these may be duplicable genes with unidentifiable paralogs.