bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board gender diversity and sustainability performance: Nordic evidence
Authors: Khatri Ishwar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between board gender diversity and sustainability performance using a sample of 205 Nordic‐listed firms across countries Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over the period 2002–2020. Drawing on gender social role theory and upper echelons theory, our results show a positive and significant association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance. Furthermore, the study extends the finding indicating that a “critical mass” of at least 30% of women on boards is required to have a significant effect on sustainability performance. The study also reveals that the association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance is more pronounced in the carbon‐intensive industry subsample. Therefore, our study, amidst inconsistent board gender diversity and firm performance studies, suggests increasing the “critical mass” of women on boards to have a positive effect on sustainability performance.
The relationship of alexithymia to pain and other symptoms in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Salehi Yegaei Pardis , Jafari Fatemeh , Azami‐Aghdash Saber , Lumley Mark A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeople with fibromyalgia (FM) often report having difficulty with emotional identification and expression, and this “alexithymia” may contribute to their pain and other symptoms. Multiple studies have assessed alexithymia in FM, and we systematically reviewed and meta‐analyzed this literature to: (a) describe the prevalence of alexithymia in people with FM; (b) compare the level of alexithymia in FM to both healthy controls and controls with other pain conditions; and (c) determine the association of alexithymia to pain intensity, depression, and anxiety in people with FM.Databases and Data TreatmentFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) from inception to May 31, 2022. Study quality was assessed with The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for cross‐sectional studies, and STATA:17 was used for meta‐analysis. A total of 32 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in meta‐analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of alexithymia in FM averaged 48%. People with FM had substantially higher alexithymia than healthy controls (SMD = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.22), as well people with other pain‐related conditions (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.65), particularly rheumatoid arthritis (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.08–0.91). Alexithymia was positively associated with pain intensity (r = 0.24), anxiety (r = 0.50), and depression (r = 0.41) among people with FM.ConclusionsDue to the high level of alexithymia in people with FM and the positive relationship of alexithymia with pain and psychological distress, interventions to improve emotional awareness, expression, and processing in FM are recommended.
Design and application of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the new generation antidiabetic drug saxagliptin
Authors: Elmalahany Nourhan Samy , Abdel‐Tawab Muhammed Abdel‐Hamied , Elwy Hanan M. , Fahmy Hussein M. , El Nashar Rasha M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSaxagliptin (Saxa) belongs to a new generation of antidiabetic pharmaceutical compounds used in combination with healthy diet and exercise to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this work, we report for the first time a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the determination of Saxa. Computational calculations were performed, based on which five MIPs were synthesized using Saxa as a template, itaconic acid as a monomer, crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and Di methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a porogen with different ratios. Non‐covalent interaction (NCI) analysis has been also conducted, and the obtained isosurface analysis was used for graphical visualization of NCI that could occur in real space as well as for the discrimination between hydrogen bond interaction, Van Der Waals attraction and spatial repulsion. The optimized polymer was incorporated as a modifier for designing an electrochemical sensor comprising MIP and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MwCNT) within carbon paste electrode (CPE). The operational variables including incubation time, pH, scan rate, and accumulation time were optimized. The sensor showed linearity over the concentration range (1 × 10−9–1 × 10−15 M) with low limit of detection (LOD) 8 × 10−16 and 2 × 10−16 M on using DPV and EIS, respectively. The sensor was successfully applied for pharmaceutical formulations, urine, and human serum samples with recovery range between 97.45–100.64 %.
Vision‐based seismic damage detection and residual capacity assessment for an RC shaking table test structure
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Zhuang Yuncheng , Miao Zenghui , Cheng Yuhao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the existing postearthquake performance assessment framework for reinforced concrete (RC) building structures is improved by adding a new feature of the computer vision‐based damage detection. In this framework, visible seismic damage is classified and quantified from photographs of damaged RC components using the developed deep convolutional network (CNN) Damage‐Net of semantic segmentation, and then the mechanical property degradation factors of components determined from the detected damage states are used to update the numerical model. Pushover analysis of the updated model assesses the residual capacity of the damaged structure. Large‐scale shaking table tests of a three‐story RC building structure, which was heavily instrumented with sensors and recorded with a large volume of photographs, were used as a case study to demonstrate the improved postearthquake performance assessment framework. The vision‐based approach accurately detected multicategory seismic damage of the test structure and effectively estimated the residual crack widths and angles under various lighting, image acquisition, and surface conditions. The updated model, which incorporated the mechanical property degradation of the damaged components, provided accurate estimate on the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the damaged structure after various levels of seismic motion shaking, which matched well with the system identification results. Using the mechanical property reduction factor values recommended by FEMA 306 & Chiu et al., pushover analysis of the updated models provided residual capacity curves that reasonably captured the measured hysteretic responses of the structure. In addition, the damage states of components as estimated by the vision‐based methods were also compared with the measured plastic hinge rotation data. The successful implementation of the vision‐based assessment in this test case indicates its potential for application in the postearthquake evaluation of buildings.
Bioorthogonal Phosphines: Then and Now
Authors: Dorn Robert S. , Prescher Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry traces its roots to a seminal report by Saxon and Bertozzi, who described a modified Staudinger reaction between organic azides and triaryl phosphines. This finding not only inspired several biological pursuits, but also launched an entire field of reaction discovery. Over the years, much effort has been directed at identifying alternative bioorthogonal transformations with organic azides; less work has focused on leveraging triaryl phosphines for new reaction development. The landscape has changed in recent years, with the generation of faster‐reacting Staudinger probes and novel classes of bioorthogonal reagents. This perspective covers newly developed phosphine‐based chemistries and their application in biological settings. We focus, in particular, on reactions with cyclopropenones and related analogs. These transformations feature unique mechanisms that are broadening the scope of bioorthogonal reactivity.
A C0 linear finite element method for a second‐order elliptic equation in non‐divergence form with Cordes coefficients
Authors: Xu Minqiang , Lin Runchang , Zou Qingsong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a gradient recovery based linear (GRBL) finite element method (FEM) and a Hessian recovery based linear FEM for second‐order elliptic equations in non‐divergence form. The elliptic equation is casted into a symmetric non‐divergence weak formulation, in which second‐order derivatives of the unknown function are involved. We use gradient and Hessian recovery operators to calculate the second‐order derivatives of linear finite element approximations. Although, thanks to low degrees of freedom of linear elements, the implementation of the proposed schemes is easy and straightforward, the performances of the methods are competitive. The unique solvability and the seminorm error estimate of the GRBL scheme are rigorously proved. Optimal error estimates in both the norm and the seminorm have been proved when the coefficient is diagonal, which have been confirmed by numerical experiments. Superconvergence in errors has also been observed. Moreover, our methods can handle computational domains with curved boundaries without loss of accuracy from approximation of boundaries. Finally, the proposed numerical methods have been successfully applied to solve fully nonlinear Monge–Ampère equations.
Changes in maternal and paternal body composition during the transition to parenthood (TRANSPARENTS)
Authors: Versele Vickà , Stas Lara , Aerenhouts Dirk , Deliens Tom , Clarys Peter , Gucciardo Leonardo , Bogaerts Annick , Devlieger Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe transition to parenthood might negatively influence health‐related behavior and can result in increased adiposity. The aim of this study was to investigate how body composition in mother–father dyads changes from pregnancy up to 6 months post partum.MethodsAnthropometrics were collected from 144 nulliparous couples at 12 weeks of gestation (PG12) and 6 weeks (PP6WK) and 6 months (PP6M) post partum. A longitudinal dyadic confirmatory factor analysis model was used to analyze changes in body composition. Body composition was treated as a latent variable using BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference as indicators.ResultsFor women, latent means increased at 6 weeks post partum (PP6WK − PG12: +1.115, SE: 0.117, p < 0.001), decreased again at 6 months post partum (PP6M − PP6WK: −0.368, SE: 0.107, p < 0.001), but remained above baseline levels (PP6M − PG12: +0.747; SE: 0.115, p < 0.001). For men, the latent means at follow‐up were higher than at baseline (PP6WK‐PG12: +0.370, SE: 0.075; PP6M‐PG12: +0.366, SE: 0.084, both p < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreases in latent means correspond to unfavorable changes in BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. These changes were observed from the beginning of pregnancy up to 6 months post partum. Weight management for both women and men during pregnancy and the early postpartum period is recommended and fathers should be included in pre‐ and postnatal standard care.
Zinc hydroxystannate dripped on magnesium hydroxide flower for enhancing smoke suppression and toxicity reduction properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Guo Fan , Zhang Yuze , Li Lijuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the emission of smoke and toxic gases during the combustion of epoxy resin (EP), inspired by the structure of “flowers after rain,” a novel low‐cost flame retardant (FMH@ZHS) was prepared by using flower‐like magnesium hydroxide (FMH) as the flower and zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) as the raindrop. The tensile strength of EP/3FMH@ZHS increased by 13.7% compared with EP/3FMH. Moreover, the 3 wt% FMH@ZHS hybrid material increased the limited oxygen index value of the EP composite to 27.6% while suppressing the dripping phenomenon during combustion, achieving self‐extinguishing characteristic. Meanwhile, compared with pure EP, peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, and peak carbon monoxide production rate of EP/3FMH@ZHS decreased by 34.6%, 55.6%, 41.8%, and 50.0%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism showed that during the combustion process, the catalytic char formation of magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, and stannic oxide generated from FMH@ZSH can promote the formation of a denser and continuous char layer, inhibiting the transport of flammable gases, toxic gases and heat and improving the fire safety of EP composites. In conclusion, this biomimetic material provided a good approach for the industrial application of EP.
Alignment‐inducement property of physicochemically reconstructed EVA layer via plasma ion‐beam treatment for liquid crystal system
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Kim Dong Hyun , Oh Jin Young , Yang Da Bin , Won Jonghoon , In Jang Jong , Jeong Hae‐Chang , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: December 2022

Uniform and homogeneous liquid crystal (LC) alignment on a poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) layer subject to plasma ion‐beam (IB) treatment is confirmed. The layer molecular concentrations are controlled to 2, 4, and 6 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy exhibits a wrinkle pattern on the EVA surface that hinders LC alignment after IB treatment. However, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows chemical reconstruction on the surface; this induces strong van der Waals interactions with the LCs, which contribute to uniform LC alignment. The layer with higher molecular concentration is more heavily modified by IB treatment than that with low concentration, thereby achieving uniform LC alignment and overcoming topological disturbance. Contact angle analysis is used to verify that the surface energy increases via IB treatment; the uniform and homogeneous LC alignment is also confirmed by polarized optical microscopy and pretilt angle analysis. The EVA layer shows good optical transmittance and fine electro‐optical performances in terms of the switching and operating properties. Therefore, the plasma IB treatment is an effective method of deriving the surface characteristics of various polymeric materials for LC alignment, and the IB‐treated EVA layer has potential for application to LC systems.
The Effect of Organic Matter on Heavy Metals Removal from Simulated Wastewater using a Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process
Authors: Mohammed Hiba A. , Sachit Dawood E. , Al‐Furaiji Mustafa H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe reverse osmosis (RO) technique is an effective method for producing potable water. It is commonly employed in water treatment facilities because of its lower cost and simplicity compared to other methods. The main challenge to the RO process is fouling, which leads to higher operating pressure, flux decline, and shortened membrane life. In this study, different simulated wastewater samples were used as feedwater to a lab‐scale RO membrane system to investigate the effect of organic matter on the removal of heavy metals. In addition, the effect of individual salts, heavy metals, and oil on scaling formation was studied. Experimental data showed that when various pollutants were added to the feedwater, the permeate flux dropped from 142.86 LMH to 45.91 LMH, and the percentages of rejection for Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cu+2, Cr+3, and oil were 96.56 %, 87.5 %, 95.5 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 99.96 %, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed a thin fouling layer that partially covered the membrane surface where the feedwater contained only NaCl salt. In contrast, it showed a thick layer of organic fouling that entirely covered the membrane surface when the feedwater contained all the other contaminants. Moreover, the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that when oil was added to the feedwater, numerous pores were plugged and the surface roughness of the fouled membrane was reduced to 0.91 nm. Overall, the findings showed that oil in the feedwater enhanced the removal percentages of salts and heavy metals because the removal efficiency exceeded 96 %. Furthermore, Cr+3 and oil were observed to reduce the permeate flux by 43 % and 49 %, respectively.
Operation Strategy for Avoiding Oiling‐Out During the Anti‐Solvent Crystallization Based on Ternary Phase Diagram
Authors: Amari Shuntaro , Okude Ai , Kudo Shoji , Takiyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOiling‐out occurs during the crystallization process and frequently cause deterioration of the characteristics of crystalline particles. In this study, operation strategies to avoid the oiling‐out in the anti‐solvent crystallization are investigated based on the ternary phase diagram. It is found that oiling‐out could be avoided by designing the trajectory of the operation point on the ternary phase diagram during the anti‐solvent crystallization. Additionally, the characteristics of crystalline particles is improved by avoiding the oiling‐out, which enables to obtain crystalline particles with high purity. The results show that the development of the operation method based on the ternary phase diagram is an effective strategy for avoiding the oiling‐out and producing the crystalline particles with favorable characteristics.
Integration of an Electron Transport Layer and a p‐n Heterojunction in a ZnO photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Ren Xiaofei , Zeng Xuyang , Wang Yanqiu , Liu Xuzhao , Li Ang , Xing Xiu‐Shuang , Du Jimin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) has received extensive attention in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS). However, ZnO has a narrow absorption range for visible light, easy recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and slow kinetics of surface water oxidation, limiting its further practical application. In this work, a FTO/TiO2/ZnO/NiO photoanode with a micro‐nano structure is built with ZnO as nanosheet clusters, TiO2 as the electron transport layer, and NiO for forming p‐n heterojunction between NiO and ZnO. This photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 1.91 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is three times that of the pure ZnO photoanode (0.65 mA/cm2). The detailed mechanism investigations demonstrate that the introduced TiO2 can reduce the interface defects between ZnO and FTO, and Ti doping to ZnO improves the conductivity, which simultaneously reduces the bottom surface and bulk charge recombination. The constructed p‐n heterojunction further significantly increases the carrier transfer efficiency.
Ultrafine Core‐Shell Nanostructured Iron Cobalt Ferrocyanide with Excellent Electrocatalytic Activity toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Gayathri Arunagiri , Mathi Selvam , Vijayarangan Murugan , Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Thanikachalam Venukopal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development and production of non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with exceptional activity and stability for water electrolysis was essential for energy conversion and storage. An optimized working electrode of core‐shell nanosphere Fe2Co8HCF on nickel foam exhibits a small overpotential of 241 mV (63 mV/dec) for OER and 158 mV (92 mV/dec) for HER at 10 mA/cm2 (without iR correction) in 1.0 M KOH. Fe2Co8HCF shows ultra‐stability (150 h) with loss of 2.9 % and 3.1 % for OER and HER, respectively. The interaction between Fe, Co and HCF that resulted in the formation of core‐shell nanostructure was highly beneficial for reaction kinetics. The active bifunctional Fe2Co8HCF/NF electrode pair aids in the development of a water electrolyzer that provides 10 mA/cm2 at 1.63 V. The Fe2Co8HCF/NF//Fe2Co8HCF/NF displays great durability (over 150 h) with loss of 4.2 %. The solar‐driven water electrolysis at 1.63 V demonstrates the enhanced efficiency of an optimized electrocatalyst. These results imply that Fe2Co8HCF/NF//Fe2Co8HCF/NF can be utilized to generate a huge amount of hydrogen at low cost.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface and Docking Studies of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate
Authors: Kathavarayan Arulvani , Ramasamy Venkateswaramoorthi , Rajamanickam Ramachandran , Subramaniyan Gunavathi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrystalline organic compound,2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate (ACMP) was synthesized by one‐pot three components reaction. The title compound is characterized by spectral techniques and single‐crystal XRD. 2D and 3D Hirshfeld surface analysies were studied to understand the intermolecular contacts. The study revealed that H…H, O−H…N, and N−H…O are the most significant contributor towards crystal packing with a percentage contribution of 45.1, 13.2 and 16.8 %, respectively. Further, to get more insight into the electronic properties of the molecular structure of ACMP compound, chemical stability and reactivity have been well explored by the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) approach. Despite, the molecular docking study was employed to predict the binding affinity between the ACMP and COVID‐19 Mpro and spike protease. The analysis showed that the several interactions including H‐bond, pi‐alkyl and pi‐pi interactions with the active sites of amino acid residues of 6LU7 and 2AJF.
Research Progresses of Liquid Electrolytes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yu‐Kun , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Du Juan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Chen Ai‐Bing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the rapid development of modern society is calling for advanced energy storage to meet the growing demands of energy supply and generation. As one of the most promising energy storage systems, secondary batteries are attracting much attention. The electrolyte is an important part of the secondary battery, and its composition is closely related to the electrochemical performance of the secondary batteries. Lithium‐ion battery electrolyte is mainly composed of solvents, additives, and lithium salts, which are prepared according to specific proportions under certain conditions and according to the needs of characteristics. This review analyzes the advantages and current problems of the liquid electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) from the mechanism of action and failure mechanism, summarizes the research progress of solvents, lithium salts, and additives, analyzes the future trends and requirements of lithium‐ion battery electrolytes, and points out the emerging opportunities in advanced lithium‐ion battery electrolytes development.