bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The deep sea and me
Authors: Barnhill Kelsey Archer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this perspective, I reflect on my path to the deep sea, a field, and ecosystem that are often hard to access. Growing up in a coastal town, the seashore was my playground, but it was not until I was 18 years old that I was inspired to be a deep-sea scientist. From a Bachelor of Arts in the United States to a Master of Science in Norway and currently a PhD programme in Scotland, I have let the deep sea lead my career path with the help of supportive mentors and peers. Now, as an early career scientist with over 100 d of at-sea experience working on science, mapping, and outreach teams, I highlight the key moments that allowed me to enter the field. Looking to Horizon 2050, I share my goals for the future of deep-sea science. I hope to see a new age of ocean exploration with an increased commitment to advancing technologies, a more diverse, inclusive, and international team offshore and onshore, and a more engaged public through placing a larger focus on the deep sea in educational curricula.
Affine Anosov Representations and Proper Actions
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Treib Nicolaus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We define the notion of affine Anosov representations of word hyperbolic groups into the affine group $\textsf {SO}^0(n+1,n)\ltimes {\mathbb {R}}^{2n+1}$. We then show that a representation $\rho $ of a word hyperbolic group is affine Anosov if and only if its linear part $\mathtt {L}_\rho $ is Anosov in $\textsf {SO}^0(n+1,n)$ with respect to the stabilizer of a maximal isotropic plane and $\rho (\Gamma )$ acts properly on $\mathbb {R}^{2n+1}$.
Discrimination by Legal Design? UK Supreme Court in Mencap v Tomlinson-Blake Finds Care Workers are Not Protected by Minimum Wage Law for Sleep-in Shifts
Authors: Hayes Ljb 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Mencap v Tomlinson Blake the Supreme Court finds that the UK’s statutory national minimum wage scheme excludes care workers from protection during sleep-in shifts. UK employment rights thus move further from international labour standards, including ILO Convention 189. This commentary argues that Mencap points to discrimination by legal design. The Supreme Court gives expansive and uncritical regard to the wording and circumstances of a 1998 Low Pay Commission report that recommends residential care workers be excluded from protection as a ‘special treatment’. It shows that care workers’ entitlement to statutory protection is dependent on their contractual arrangements and does not consider inequality of bargaining power. The judgment erases caring labour of its cognitive and professional skills and puts care workers at a particular disadvantage. The care sector is notorious for the poor functioning of its labour market as well as for low pay. Care workers are mainly women and are disproportionately black and minority ethnic women. The discriminatory intent of Parliament, as explored by the Supreme Court in Mencap, reveals that the UK’s statutory minimum wage scheme is currently unable to provide workers with the dignity that would come from assigning a minimum value to the full range of care work.
Proceedings of the 2021 American Burn Association State and Future of Burn Science Meeting
Authors:   The 2021 American Burn Association State and Future of Burn Science Working Group, Shupp Jeffrey W , Holmes James H , Moffatt Lauren T , Phelan Herbert A , Sousse Linda , Romanowski Kathleen S , Jeschke Marc , Kowalske Karen J , Badger Karen , Allely Rebekah , Cartotto Robert , Burmeister David M , Kubasiak John C , Wolf Steven E , Wallace Katherine F , Gillenwater Justin , Schneider Daniel M , Hultman C Scott , Wiechman Shelley A , Bailey J Kevin , Powell Heather M , Travis Taryn E , Supp Dorothy M , Carney Bonnie C , Johnson Laura S , Johnson Laura S , Chung Kevin K , Chung Kevin K , Kahn Steven A , Gibson Angela L F , Christy Robert J , Carter Jeffrey E , Carson Joshua S , Palmieri Tina L , Kopari Nicole M , Blome-Eberwein Sigrid A , Hickerson William L , Parry Ingrid , Cancio Jill M , Suman Oscar , Schulman Carl I , Lamendella Regina , Hill David M , Wibbenmeyer Lucy A , Nygaard Rachel M , Wagner Anne Lambert , Carter and Damien W , Greenhalgh David G , Lawless Mary Beth , Carlson Deborah L , Harrington David T 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeriodically, the American Burn Association (ABA) has convened a State of the Science meeting on various topics representing multiple disciplines within burn care and research. In 2021 at the request of the ABA President, meeting development was guided by the ABA’s Burn Science Advisory Panel (BSAP) and a subgroup of meeting chairs. The goal of the meeting was to produce both an evaluation of the current literature and ongoing studies, and to produce a research agenda and/or define subject matter-relevant next steps to advance the field(s). Members of the BSAP defined the topics to be addressed and subsequently solicited for nominations of expert speakers and topic leaders from the ABA’s Research Committee. Current background literature for each topic was compiled by the meeting chairs and the library then enhanced by the invited topic and breakout discussion leaders. The meeting was held in New Orleans, LA on November 2nd and 3rd and was formatted to allow for 12 different topics, each with two subtopics, to be addressed. Topic leaders provided a brief overview of each topic to approximately 100 attendees, followed by expert-lead breakout sessions for each topic that allowed for focused discussion among subject matter experts and interested participants. The breakout and topic group leaders worked with the participants to determine research needs and associated next steps including white papers, reviews and in some cases collaborative grant proposals. Here, summaries from each topic area will be presented to highlight the main foci of discussion and associated conclusions.
Nationwide Termite Pest Survey Conducted in Taiwan as a Citizen Science Project
Authors: Huang Shih-Ying , Chiu Chun-I , Tsai Yi-Ying , Li Wei-Jie , Wu Chia-Chien , Li Hou-Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Information regarding the species composition and dispersal flight season of termites is crucial for termite management. The major obstacles to collecting such information are a lack of access to private buildings and shortage of workers to monitor and report on termite swarming. To overcome these difficulties, we launched a citizen science project in which members of the public and pest management professionals were invited to collect termite samples. We created the website, Taiwan Termite Identification Service, on which populace could log the collection information, and ship termite samples to our laboratory for identification. We also established a Facebook group, called the “Termite Forum,” to publicize this project. A total of 3024 samples were collected from 2015 to 2020, and we identified the species of &gt;93% of the samples. Based on 1499 samples collected from buildings, five structural termite pests were identified, and species composition in each county of Taiwan is available. According to 844 dispersal flight events, termite dispersal flight timing peak and degree of centralization were estimated using a Gaussian model. The collected data demonstrated that the invasive termite species, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), continued northward expansion. The first intercepted alate of Schedorhinotermes sp. (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) indicated that it may be a new invasive pest from Southeast Asia. This study reports on a successful case of a citizen science project where urban pest data were collected on a national scale.
Electrophysiologically Determined Spectral Responses in Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Crook Damon J , Chiesa Serena G , Warden Melissa L , Nadel Hannah , Ioriatti Claudio , Furtado Mandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electrophysiological methods were used to test the visual sensitivity of European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to wavelengths ranging from 300 to 700 nm. For male and females tested, a main, peak response occurred in the 460–540 nm range (blue-green wavelengths) with females having a generally lower response to wavelengths in that range. A second smaller peak was observed for both sexes at the 340–420 nm range. A general linear model indicated that males, virgin females, and mated females did not react differently to changes in wavelength. No moths showed any obvious sensitivity to wavelengths between 580 and 700 nm. Based on our retinal recording data we suggest that UV light traps (≤480 nm) could be utilized alongside pheromone traps when monitoring L. botrana in high risk areas.
Active Choice vs. Inertia? An Exploratory Assessment of the European Microsoft Case’s Choice Screen
Authors: Vasquez Duque Omar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In January 2009, the European Commission accused Microsoft of extending its monopoly from the operating system market to the browsers market by preinstalling Internet Explorer (IE) and setting it as the users’ default. Microsoft settled the case agreeing to display a choice screen to its users located in the European Economic Area, Croatia, and Switzerland, whose default web browser was Internet Explorer. The remedy would allow Microsoft’s users to freely choose whatever internet browser they preferred. After March 2010, IE’s market share did go down in the EEA, Croatia, and Switzerland. It seems straightforward to attribute IE’s decline to the choice screen itself. However, when considering other developed jurisdictions as a comparison group, the impact of the choice screen on IE’s market share is negligible (roughly, between 1.4 and 2 percent). This finding invites us to assess the potential causes of default effects and the effectiveness of strategies that analysts, policymakers, and enforcers have assumed to be effective. This work argues that the theory of harm and the remedies that may address consumers’ inertia should be re-examined. Primarily, which types of consumers may stick to default applications, whether choice screens may change the users’ preferences after they have familiarized themselves with an experience good, whether choice screens have so far facilitated the development of competing applications, as well as the reach of choice screens.
Comparing Land Manager and Community Perceptions of a Colorado Prescribed Fire Outreach Program
Authors: McGrath Novak Katie , McCaffrey Sarah , Schultz Courtney A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Researchers and practitioners often emphasize the importance of effective community engagement around forest management projects to address possible barriers to implementation related to a lack of social acceptance. Using qualitative methods, we examined a public outreach program to understand the goals and perceptions of those providing and receiving information about forest management. We found that many community members were initially drawn to learn about wildfire risk mitigation, but their informational needs shifted toward broader forest ecology over time, suggesting that communication strategies and topics must also evolve over time. Some common terms used by land management professionals were unclear to public audiences, sometimes leading to feelings of dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were perceived by information providers and community members to be useful strategies for outreach. Our findings can be used to improve ongoing outreach in this study area and inform similar efforts elsewhere.
Study Implications: We interviewed community members and land management professionals to understand what they believe to be effective forms of public outreach related to prescribed fire. We found that community members’ goals for learning changed over time, requiring outreach efforts to cover a range of topics and strategies. Community members were unfamiliar with some agency jargon, leading to confusion and dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were widely considered to be the most useful outreach strategies. Our work can be applied to improve similar outreach programs in other areas in the future.
Opportunistic Pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Lung Infection
Authors: Blanchard Ana C , Waters Valerie J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-shortening genetic diseases in Caucasians. Due to abnormal accumulation of mucus, respiratory failure caused by chronic infections is the leading cause of mortality in this patient population. The microbiology of these respiratory infections includes a distinct set of opportunistic pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia spp., Achromobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, anaerobes, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and fungi. In recent years, culture-independent methods have shown the polymicrobial nature of lung infections, and the dynamics of microbial communities. The unique environment of the CF airway predisposes to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we will highlight how the epidemiology and role in disease of these pathogens in CF differ from that in individuals with other medical conditions. Infectious diseases (ID) physicians should be aware of these differences and the specific characteristics of infections associated with CF.
Mid-regional Proadrenomedullin Biomarker Predicts Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Outcomes: A US-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Atallah Natalie J , Panossian Vahe S , Atallah Christine J , Schwabe Andrej , Johannes Sascha , Wiemer Jan , Mansour Michael K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is a biomarker released following endothelial damage. Studies have shown a correlation in predicting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes with MR-proADM levels. Our study aimed to investigate baseline MR-proADM as a predictor of a wider range of clinical outcomes of varying severity in patients admitted with COVID-19, and to compare to other biomarkers.

Methods
Data from the Boston Area COVID-19 Consortium (BACC) Bay Tocilizumab Trial was used in this study. Patients with biomarker determinations, and not admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on admission, were included. MR-proADM cutoff of 0.87 nmol/L was assessed in predicting clinical outcomes.

Results
Of 182 patients, 11.0% were mechanically ventilated or dead within 28 days. Of patients with MR-proADM &gt;0.87 nmol/L, 21.1% were mechanically ventilated or dead within 28 days, compared with 4.5% of those with MR-proADM ≤0.87 nmol/L (P &lt; .001). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of MR-proADM cutoff of 0.87 nmol/L in predicting mechanical ventilation or death were 75%, 65%, 95%, and 21%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, MR-proADM &gt;0.87 nmol/L was independently associated with mechanical ventilation or death, ICU admission, prolonged hospitalization beyond day 4, and day 4 COVID-19 ordinal scale equal to or worse than day 1.

Conclusions
MR-proADM functions as a valuable biomarker for the early risk stratification and detection of severe disease progression of patients with COVID-19. In the prediction of death, MR-proADM performed better compared to many other commonly used biomarkers.
Accuracy of C-reactive Protein and Procalcitonin for Diagnosing Bacterial Infections Among Subjects With Persistent Fever in the Tropics
Authors: Van Duffel Lukas , Yansouni Cedric P , Jacobs Jan , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Ramadan Kadrie , Buyze Jozefien , Tsoumanis Achilleas , Barbé Barbara , Boelaert Marleen , Verdonck Kristien , Chappuis Francois , Bottieau Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
In low-resource settings, inflammatory biomarkers can help identify patients with acute febrile illness who do not require antibiotics. Their use has not been studied in persistent fever (defined as fever lasting for ≥7 days at presentation).

Methods
C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were measured in stored serum samples of patients with persistent fever prospectively enrolled in Cambodia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nepal, and Sudan. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed for identifying all bacterial infections and the subcategory of severe infections judged to require immediate antibiotics.

Results
Among 1838 participants, CRP and PCT levels were determined in 1777 (96.7%) and 1711 (93.1%) samples, respectively, while white blood cell (WBC) count was available for 1762 (95.9%). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for bacterial infections were higher for CRP (0.669) and WBC count (0.651) as compared with PCT (0.600; P &lt;.001). Sensitivity for overall and severe bacterial infections was 76.3% (469/615) and 88.2% (194/220) for CRP &gt;10 mg/L, 62.4% (380/609) and 76.8% (169/220) for PCT &gt;0.1 µg/L, and 30.5% (184/604) and 43.7% (94/215) for WBC &gt;11 000/µL, respectively. Initial CRP level was &lt;10 mg/L in 45% of the participants who received antibiotics at first presentation.

Conclusions
In patients with persistent fever, CRP and PCT showed higher sensitivity for bacterial infections than WBC count, applying commonly used cutoffs for normal values. A normal CRP value excluded the vast majority of severe infections and could therefore assist in deciding whether to withhold empiric antibiotics after cautious clinical assessment.
Cerulean Warblers exhibit parallel migration patterns and multiple migratory stopovers within the Central American Isthmus
Authors: Raybuck Douglas W , Boves Than J , Stoleson Scott H , Larkin Jeffery L , Bayly Nicholas J , Bulluck Lesley P , George Gregory A , Slankard Kate G , Kearns Laura J , Petzinger Sharon , Cox John J , Buehler David A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) is a declining Nearctic–Neotropical migratory songbird of conservation concern. Implementing full annual cycle conservation strategies to facilitate recovery has been difficult because we know little about the migratory period or strength of migratory connectivity between North American breeding and South American nonbreeding regions. Between 2014 and 2017, we deployed geolocators on 282 males at 14 study sites throughout the species’ range to (1) evaluate the strength and pattern of connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding regions, (2) identify approximate routes and stopover regions, and (3) document migration phenology. We obtained data from 26 birds and observed moderate migratory connectivity overall but documented strong parallel migration for birds breeding in two longitudinally disparate regions. Most (14 of 15; 93%) Appalachian breeders spent the stationary nonbreeding period in the Colombian/Venezuelan Andes, whereas most (5 of 7; 71%) Ozark-breeders spent the stationary nonbreeding period in Peru/Ecuador. The majority of spring migration (62%) was spent in Central America at multiple stopover locations between Panama and southern Mexico. The 2 migratory periods were approximately equal in duration: 38 ± 2 days (SE) in fall and 42 ± 2 days (SE) in spring. Based on the observed connectivity pattern, conservation of Appalachian-breeding populations during the stationary nonbreeding period should focus on forest conservation and restoration in pre-montane/lower montane forests of Colombia and Venezuela, whereas Ozark-breeding population conservation should focus on forest conservation and restoration efforts in Ecuador and Peru. Further conservation efforts are also needed on the breeding grounds, especially for the most sharply declining populations. And finally, conservation of forests used by Cerulean Warblers during stopover periods throughout Central America and southern Mexico, in southeastern United States coastal areas, and in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley will benefit individuals from multiple breeding locations and populations.
Genome-Transcriptome-Functional Connectivity-Cognition Link Differentiates Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Fu Zening , Bustillo Juan R , Perrone-Bizzozero Nora I , Lin Dongdong , Canive Jose , Pearlson Godfrey D , Stephen Julia M , Mayer Andrew R , Potkin Steven G , van Erp Theo G M , Kochunov Peter , Elliot Hong L , Adhikari Bhim M , Andreassen Ole A , Agartz Ingrid , Westlye Lars T , Sui Jing , Du Yuhui , Macciardi Fabio , Hanlon Faith M , Jung Rex E , Turner Jessica A , Liu Jingyu , Calhoun Vince D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share genetic risk factors, yet patients display differential levels of cognitive impairment. We hypothesized a genome-transcriptome-functional connectivity (frontoparietal)-cognition pathway linked to SZ-versus-BD differences, and conducted a multiscale study to delineate this pathway.Study DesignsLarge genome-wide studies provided single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring more risk for SZ than BD, and we identified their regulated genes, namely SZ-biased SNPs and genes. We then (a) computed the polygenic risk score for SZ (PRSSZ) of SZ-biased SNPs and examined its associations with imaging-based frontoparietal functional connectivity (FC) and cognitive performances; (b) examined the spatial correlation between ex vivo postmortem expressions of SZ-biased genes and in vivo, SZ-related FC disruptions across frontoparietal regions; (c) investigated SZ-versus-BD differences in frontoparietal FC; and (d) assessed the associations of frontoparietal FC with cognitive performances.Study ResultsPRSSZ of SZ-biased SNPs was significantly associated with frontoparietal FC and working memory test scores. SZ-biased genes’ expressions significantly correlated with SZ-versus-BD differences in FC across frontoparietal regions. SZ patients showed more reductions in frontoparietal FC than BD patients compared to controls. Frontoparietal FC was significantly associated with test scores of multiple cognitive domains including working memory, and with the composite scores of all cognitive domains.ConclusionsCollectively, these multiscale findings support the hypothesis that SZ-biased genetic risk, through transcriptome regulation, is linked to frontoparietal dysconnectivity, which in turn contributes to differential cognitive deficits in SZ-versus BD, suggesting that potential biomarkers for more precise patient stratification and treatment.