bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and assessing the impact of a nursing-focused CLABSI reduction intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ben-Aderet Michael A. , Madhusudhan Meghan S. , Haroun Pishoy , Almario Matthew J.P. , Raypon Ryan , Fawcett Sharon , Johnson Julie , Girard Anita , Griner Todd , Sheffield Lorraine , Grein Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on CLABSI rate and characterize the patients who developed a CLABSI. We also examined the impact of a CLABSI-reduction quality-improvement project in patients with and without COVID-19.Design:Retrospective cohort analysis.Setting:Academic 889-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in urban Los Angeles.Patients or participants:Inpatients 18 years and older with CLABSI as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).Intervention(s):CLABSI rate and patient characteristics were analyzed for 2 cohorts during the pandemic era (March 2020–August 2021): COVID-19 CLABSI patients and non–COVID-19 CLABSI patients, based on diagnosis of COVID-19 during admission. Secondary analyses were non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate versus a historical control period (2019), ICU CLABSI rate in COVID-19 versus non–COVID-19 patients, and CLABSI rates before and after a quality- improvement initiative.Results:The rate of COVID-19 CLABSI was significantly higher than non–COVID-19 CLABSI. We did not detect a difference between the non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate and the historical control. COVID-19 CLABSIs occurred predominantly in the ICU, and the ICU COVID-19 CLABSI rate was significantly higher than the ICU non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate. A hospital-wide quality-improvement initiative reduced the rate of non–COVID-19 CLABSI but not COVID-19 CLABSI.Conclusions:Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have a significantly higher CLABSI rate, particularly in the ICU setting. Reasons for this increase are likely multifactorial, including both patient-specific and process-related issues. Focused quality-improvement efforts were effective in reducing CLABSI rates in non–COVID-19 patients but were less effective in COVID-19 patients.
A DERIVED LAGRANGIAN FIBRATION ON THE DERIVED CRITICAL LOCUS
Authors: Grataloup Albin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the symplectic geometry of derived intersections of Lagrangian morphisms. In particular, we show that for a functional
$f : X \rightarrow \mathbb {A}_{k}^{1}$
, the derived critical locus has a natural Lagrangian fibration
$\textbf {Crit}(f) \rightarrow X$
. In the case where f is nondegenerate and the strict critical locus is smooth, we show that the Lagrangian fibration on the derived critical locus is determined by the Hessian quadratic form.
Practical Assessment of Real‐Time Suspended Sediment Load Monitoring Using Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Chung Chih‐Chung , Wang Yen‐Kai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuspended sediment concentration (SSC) and sediment load are essential factors in water resource management, hydraulic engineering, soil and water conservation, sedimentation, and environmental ecology. A novel real‐time SSC monitoring approach involving time domain reflectometry (TDR) was proposed. The previous results obtained indicated that the soil particle size does not affect the TDR SSC method and that this method is applicable at high suspended sediment concentrations (≥600,000 ppm). To further improve the measurement stability and accuracy of this method for long‐term monitoring of rivers and reservoirs, several practical problems were solved in this study, including noise interference, probe fouling, and the effect of ambient temperature on the TDR device used. With the proposed improvements in the analysis of the modified frequency domain phase velocity, the new method was examined in a laboratory setting, and a measurement standard deviation of 1,000 ppm was found. In addition, a novel carbon fiber rod with a novel detachable probe was proposed to decrease the nonlinear SSC variations resulting from the coating effect as part of the electromagnetic sensing field. As observed during the experiment, the use of a fully digital TDR device decreased the ambient temperature effect. Several TDR SSC measurements were performed at the Shihgang Reservoir, revealing long‐term SSC and sediment load typhoon events from 2013 to 2021. Subsequently, real‐time TDR SSC monitoring with sediment load quantification was performed to establish the relationship between sediment load and outflow discharge, and the results obtained indicated that this method helped characterize suspended sediment load.
A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation
Authors: Das Rahul , Giri Jayeeta , K. Paul Pradyut , Froelich Nicole , Chinnadurai Raghavan , McCoy Sara , Bushman Wade , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5–Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
Resonance behavior of embedded and freestanding microscale ferromagnets
Authors: Cansever Hamza , Anwar Md. Shadab , Stienen Sven , Lenz Kilian , Narkowicz Ryszard , Hlawacek Gregor , Potzger Kay , Hellwig Olav , Fassbender Jürgen , Lindner Jürgen , Bali Rantej 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ferromagnetic resonance of a disordered A2 Fe60Al40 ferromagnetic stripe, of dimensions 5 µm × 1 µm × 32 nm, has been observed in two vastly differing surroundings: in the first case, the ferromagnetic region was surrounded by ordered B2 Fe60Al40, and in the second case it was free standing, adhering only to the oxide substrate. The embedded ferromagnet possesses a periodic magnetic domain structure, which transforms to a single domain structure in the freestanding case. The two cases differ in their dynamic response, for instance, the resonance field for the uniform (k = 0) mode at ~ 14 GHz excitation displays a shift from 209 to 194 mT, respectively for the embedded and freestanding cases, with the external magnetic field applied along the long axis. The resonant behavior of a microscopic ferromagnet can thus be finely tailored via control of its near-interfacial surrounding.
Biosensing firefly luciferin synthesis in bacteria reveals a cysteine-dependent quinone detoxification route in Coleoptera
Authors: de Souza Daniel Rangel , Silva Jaqueline Rodrigues , Moreira Ariele , Viviani Vadim R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLuciferin biosynthetic origin and alternative biological functions during the evolution of beetles remain unknown. We have set up a bioluminescent sensing method for luciferin synthesis from cysteine and benzoquinone using E. coli and Pichia pastoris expressing the bright Amydetes vivianii firefly and P. termitilluminans click beetle luciferases. In the presence of d-cysteine and benzoquinone, intense bioluminescence is quickly produced, indicating the expected formation of d-luciferin. Starting with l-cysteine and benzoquinone, the bioluminescence is weaker and delayed, indicating that bacteria produce l-luciferin, and then racemize it to d-luciferin in the presence of endogenous esterases, CoA and luciferase. In bacteria the p-benzoquinone toxicity (IC50 ~ 25 µM) is considerably reduced in the presence of cysteine, maintaining cell viability at 3.6 mM p-benzoquinone concomitantly with the formation of luciferin. Transcriptional analysis showed the presence of gene products involved with the sclerotization/tanning in the photogenic tissues, suggesting a possible link between these pathways and bioluminescence. The lack of two enzymes involved with the last steps of these pathways, indicate the possible accumulation of toxic quinone intermediates in the lanterns. These results and the abundance of cysteine producing enzymes suggest that luciferin first appeared as a detoxification byproduct of cysteine reaction with accumulated toxic quinone intermediates during the evolution of sclerotization/tanning in Coleoptera.
Traditional processing increases biological activities of Dendrobium offificinale Kimura et. Migo in Southeast Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhou Di , Zhao Ying , Chen Zhilin , Yan Xiuxiang , Zhao Yanqiang , Gao Lu , Yang Lixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe orchid Dendrobium officinale grows throughout southeast China and southeast Asian countries and is used to treat inflammation and diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. Tie pi feng dou is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried D. officinale stems. Processing alters the physicochemical properties of TPFD; however, it is unclear how processing affects the quality and medicinal value of this plant. Here, we analyzed and compared the chemical composition of fresh stems of D. officinale and TPFD and explored possible explanations for the enhanced medicinal efficacy of processed D. officinale stems using qualitative and quantitative methods. To identify the components of FSD and TPFD, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in negative and positive ion modes and interpreted the data using the Human Metabolome Database and multivariate statistical analysis. We detected 23,709 peaks and identified 2352 metabolites; 370 of these metabolites were differentially abundant between FSD and TPFD (245 more abundant in TPFD than in FSD, and 125 less abundant), including organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, flavonoids, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and fatty acyls. Of these, 43 chemical markers clearly distinguished between FSD and TPFD samples, as confirmed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A pharmacological activity analysis showed that, compared with FSD, TPFD had significantly higher levels of some metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with its use to treat inflammation. In addition to revealing the basis of the medicinal efficacy of TPFD, this study supports the benefits of the traditional usage of D. officinale.
Ultra-broadband MIR super absorber using all silicon metasurface of triangular doped nanoprisms
Authors: Abdelsalam Mostafa , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermo-electric generation offers to be a solid candidate for both dealing with the temperature problems of photo-voltaic cells and increasing its total output power. However, it requires an efficient broadband absorber to harness the power found in the near and mid-infrared regions. In this work, we discuss a new structure of nanoprisms that are made of doped silicon that acts as an ultra-broadband absorber in both regions. We also discuss the effect of the doping concentration. Additionally, we study the effect of a pure silicon thin film on top of the prisms. Finally, we’re able to find an optimized structure that can absorb 92.6% of the input power from 1 to $${15}\,{\upmu }$$

15

μ

m.
Reusing a prepaid health plan’s fecal immunochemical tests for microbiome associations with colorectal adenoma
Authors: Goedert James J. , Wu Zhenyi , Yonehara Cyndee H. , Frankland Timothy B. , Sinha Rashmi , Jones Gieira S. , Wan Yunhu , Ravel Jacques , Zhao Ni , Honda Stacey A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn altered colonic microbiota probably increases colorectal adenoma (CRA) and cancer (CRC) risk, but large, unbiased fecal collections are needed to examine the relationship of gut microbiota diversity and composition to colorectal carcinogenesis. This study assessed whether fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) from CRA/CRC screening may fulfill this requirement. Using FIT, self-collected by members of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii (KPH), as well as interspersed quality control (QC) specimens, DNA was extracted and amplified to generate 16S rRNA microbiome profiles rarified at 10,000 reads. CRA/CRC were diagnosed by colonoscopy and histopathology. Covariates were from electronic KPH records. Of 921 participants’ FIT devices, 538 (58%) yielded at least 10,000 rRNA reads and 1016 species-level variants mapped to 46 genera. Of the 538 evaluable participants, 63 (11.7%) were FIT-negative per protocol, and they were considered negative for CRA/CRC. Of the 475 FIT + participants, colonoscopy and pathologic review revealed that 8 (1.7%) had CRC, 71 (14.9%) had high-risk CRA, 107 (22.5%) had low-risk CRA, and 289 (60.8%) did not have CRA/CRC. Men were 2.27-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–3.91] more likely than women to be FIT+ . Men also had 1.96-fold (CI 1.24–3.07) higher odds of low-risk CRA, with similar trends for high-risk CRA and CRC. CRA/CRC were not associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes, or antibiotic prescriptions in this study. QC analysis across 24 batches of FIT devices revealed QC outliers in four batches. With or without exclusion of the four QC-outlier batches, as well as lenient (1000-read) rarefaction, CRA/CRC had no consistent, statistically significant associations with fecal microbiome alpha diversity, beta diversity or genera relative abundance. CRA/CRC had expected associations with male sex but not with microbiome metrics. Fecal microbiome profiling using DNA extracted from at-home collected, re-used FIT devices is feasible, albeit with substantial challenges. Using FITs for prospective microbiome studies of CRA/CRC risk should consider the impact of the current findings on statistical power and requisite sample sizes.
Sequence-dependence of Cy3 and Cy5 dyes in 3ʹ terminally-labeled single-stranded DNA
Authors: Kekić Tadija , Lietard Jory 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluorescence is an ideal tool to see and manipulate nucleic acids, and engage in their rich and complex biophysical properties. Labeling is the preferred approach to track and quantify fluorescence with nucleic acids and cyanine dyes are emblematic in this context. The fluorescent properties of cyanine dyes are known to be sequence-dependent, with purines in the immediate vicinity increasing the fluorescence intensity of Cy3 and Cy5 dyes, and the ability of nucleobases to modulate the photophysical properties of common fluorophores may influence fluorescence measurements in critical assays such as FISH, qPCR or high-throughput sequencing. In this paper, we comprehensively map the sequence-dependence of Cy3 and Cy5 dyes in 3ʹ-fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA by preparing the complete permutation library of the 5 consecutive nucleotides immediately adjacent to the dye, or 1024 sequences. G-rich motifs dominate the high fluorescence range, while C-rich motifs lead to significant quenching, an observation consistent with 5ʹ-labeled systems. We also uncover GCGC patterns in the extreme top range of fluorescence, a feature specific to 3ʹ-Cy3 and Cy5 oligonucleotides. This study represents the final piece in linking nucleotide identity to fluorescence changes for Cy3, Cy5 and fluorescein in all 3ʹ, 5ʹ, single-stranded and double-stranded DNA formats.
Localized efficacy of environmental RNAi in Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Bensoussan Nicolas , Milojevic Maja , Bruinsma Kristie , Dixit Sameer , Pham Sean , Singh Vinayak , Zhurov Vladimir , Grbić Miodrag , Grbić Vojislava 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental RNAi has been developed as a tool for reverse genetics studies and is an emerging pest control strategy. The ability of environmental RNAi to efficiently down-regulate the expression of endogenous gene targets assumes efficient uptake of dsRNA and its processing. In addition, its efficiency can be augmented by the systemic spread of RNAi signals. Environmental RNAi is now a well-established tool for the manipulation of gene expression in the chelicerate acari, including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Here, we focused on eight single and ubiquitously-expressed genes encoding proteins with essential cellular functions. Application of dsRNAs that specifically target these genes led to whole mite body phenotypes—dark or spotless. These phenotypes were associated with a significant reduction of target gene expression, ranging from 20 to 50%, when assessed at the whole mite level. Histological analysis of mites treated with orally-delivered dsRNAs was used to investigate the spatial range of the effectiveness of environmental RNAi. Although macroscopic changes led to two groups of body phenotypes, silencing of target genes was associated with the distinct cellular phenotypes. We show that regardless of the target gene tested, cells that displayed histological changes were those that are in direct contact with the dsRNA-containing gut lumen, suggesting that the greatest efficiency of the orally-delivered dsRNAs is localized to gut tissues in T. urticae.
Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated disruption in spiral artery remodeling is associated with altered uterine NK cell populations and dysregulated IL-18 and Htra1
Authors: Tavarna Tanvi , Wolfe Bryce , Wu Xiao-jun , Reyes Leticia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImpaired spiral artery remodeling (IRSA) underpins the great obstetrical syndromes. We previously demonstrated that intrauterine infection with the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, induces IRSA in rats. Since our previous studies only examined the end stage of arterial remodeling, the aim of this study was to identify the impact of P. gingivalis infection on the earlier stages of remodeling. Gestation day (GD) 11 specimens, a transition point between trophoblast-independent remodeling and the start of extravillous trophoblast invasion, were compared to late stage GD18 tissues. P. gingivalis was found in decidual stroma of GD11 specimens that already had reduced spiral artery remodeling defined as smaller arterial lumen size, increased retention of vascular smooth muscle, and decreased invasion by extravillous trophoblasts. At GD11, P. gingivalis-induced IRSA coincided with altered uterine natural killer (uNK) cell populations, decreased placental bed expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) with increased production of temperature requirement A1 (Htra1), a marker of oxidative stress. By GD18, placental bed IL-18 and Htra1 levels, and uNK cell numbers were equivalent in control and infected groups. However, infected GD18 placental bed specimens had decreased TNF + T cells. These results suggest disturbances in placental bed decidual stroma and uNK cells are involved in P. gingivalis-mediated IRSA.
Language-Fair Fast Mapping and Mutual Exclusivity Tasks for Mono- and Bilingual Preschoolers
Authors: Belogi Solène , Segerer Robin , Volpin Letizia , Skoruppa Katrin 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Both monolingual and bilingual children use learning constraints and heuristics to acquire new words from their environment. Overall, fast mapping abilities seem to be similar in both populations, but monolinguals rely more than bilinguals on the mutual exclusivity strategy. Our study probes the robustness of these results in a large group of children learning different language combinations, with a newly devised language-fair task that relies as little as possible on previous linguistic knowledge, in order to avoid disadvantaging bilingual children.

Method:
We tested 138 3- to 5-year-old mono- and bilingual children in their dominant language (German, French, Italian, or Turkish) in a computerized task starting with a fast mapping phase, followed by a mutual exclusivity phase, using only invented nonobjects and nonwords.

Results:
As hypothesized, monolingual and bilingual children showed similar results during the initial fast mapping stage, but monolinguals relied significantly more on the mutual exclusivity strategy than their bilingual peers.

Conclusions:
The language-fair design of our task supports the idea that differences in mutual exclusivity strategy use between mono- and bilingual children really stem from their specific linguistic background, and not from potential familiarity differences with respect to the test words. We discuss the implications of our results for bilingual language assessment in clinical or educational contexts.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20669214
Dysphagia and Methamphetamine Use: Considerations for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Faust Lauren G. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Methamphetamine use increases the risk of medical conditions that may cause oropharyngeal dysphagia. This tutorial describes what is known about methamphetamine's effects and draws connections to a speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) practice in dysphagia assessment and treatment with this population.

Method:
Methamphetamine's mechanism of action and prevalence of use are explored. Research in speech-language pathology and related fields such as dentistry, pharmacology, psychology, and public health provides insights into how this drug may impact oropharyngeal swallowing function and treatment participation.

Conclusions:
Methamphetamine can have a profound impact on the user's medical, cognitive, and psychosocial status. Although patients with a history of methamphetamine use are commonly seen by SLPs, there is a lack of direct research investigating potential implications of use on swallowing physiology and treatment progress. Future directions for research are discussed.