bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Pathogens at Chronic Sore Throat Patients Attending Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Asadur , Alam Md Khorshed , Rahman Nazmin , Alam Ariful , Alam Faisal , Rahman Anisur 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Sore throat manifested by throat pain is a troublesome issue or discomfort for which physicians are used to prescribing antibiotics, but most often, it is found that the patient is not responding to the drug, which gives rise to the question of drug-resistant or whether there is any infection at all? Nonspecific throat pain also imparts serious public health problems. Self-medication, inadvertent and inadequate doses of antibiotics frequently prescribed by both village doctors and registered MBBS doctors is really a public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Aims: The aims of this study are to isolate the common organisms in chronic throat infection and to find out the effectiveness of various commonly used antibiotics.
Methods: The samples were collected randomly from sore throat patients via a throat swab in 5 ml of 1% sterilized saline water, and the sample was brought to the laboratory and was inoculated within two hours in both blood agar and nutrient agar (NA) media and samples were incubated at 37°C overnight. Then pure colonies were transferred to Mueller Hinton agar, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: A total of 27(24%) out of 111 samples yield positive growth. In a large number of samples, 84 (76%) did not show any isolation of the pathogenic organism. The predominant organism is a Staphylococcus aureus (55.55%). Thereafter, streptococcus (18.51%), Klebsiellapneumone (14.81%)and Pseudomonas (11.11%).Amoxiclav is the most resistant drug, along with cefuroxime, azithromycin, and doxycycline, respectively. Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin show intermediate sensitivity. The most sensitive drug used in chronic sore throat found is linezolid though not frequently used, and other sensitive drugs are moxifloxacin and ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: Throat pain or soreness does not always indicate that patient has been infected by bacteria. Rationale and ethical prescription, as well as microbiological sensitivity testing, are considered to avoid drug-resistant strains.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 25-31
Risk Factors Related to Residential Environment of Childhood Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Yeasmin Shahida , Ara Chaman , Hossain Md Belal , Rahman Fazlur , Bari Md Washim , Uddin Md Belal 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a lower respiratory tract infection occurring in a child who has not resided in a hospital or health care facility in the preceding 14 days. This study was done to determine the risk factors related to the residential environment of CAP among children under five.
Methods: It was a case-control study conducted at the indoor and outdoor units of the Department of Pediatrics and EPI center of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH); the study period was two years, from January 2017 to December 2018. The sampling method was purposive sampling. The sample size was 246 children aged 2-59 months, consisting of 123 cases and 123 controls.
Result: A significant association was found between CAP and parental smoking (p =0.000, OR=3.33), overcrowding (p = 0.010, OR =1.96) , indoor air pollution (p = 0.004 ,OR =2.33 ) , exposure to cold & humidity ( p = 0.015 , OR =1.95 ) . The study had identified tobacco smoking of parents, overcrowding, exposure to cold & humidity, indoor air pollution as risk factors for CAP.
Conclusion: CAP is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in under five children (2-59 months) in developing countries like Bangladesh. A huge amount of money is needed to treat the CAP. So, it will be a burden on family and country. However, early detection of the significant risk factors and necessary actions toward these factors help us prevent the development of CAP in under five children (2-59 months) and improve their quality of life.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 117-123
Advances in the study of HSP70 inhibitors to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy
Authors: Du Sihan , Liu Ying , Yuan Yuan , Wang Yuran , Chen Yanfang , Wang Shuai , Chi Yuhua 
Published: August 2022

The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is one of the most conserved proteins and a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding, remodeling, and degradation of various proteins to maintain proteostasis. It has been shown that HSP70 is abundantly expressed in cancer and enhances tumor resistance to radiotherapy by inhibiting multiple apoptotic pathways, such as interfering with the cellular senescence program, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting metastasis. Thus, HSP70 provides an effective target for enhancing the effects of radiation therapy in the clinical management of cancer patients. Inhibition of HSP70 enhances the radiation-induced tumor-killing effect and thus improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. This article reviews the sensitivity of Hsp70 and its related inhibitors to radiotherapy of tumor cells.
Strain rate effects on characteristic stresses and acoustic emission properties of granite under quasi-static compression
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Sijing , Yang Wencheng 
Published: August 2022

In order to further investigate the strain rate effects on characteristic stresses and acoustic emission parameters of rock under quasi-static compression, uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens measuring 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height using a rock material testing machine and a multi-channel acoustic emission monitoring system at strain rates ranging from 10–6 s−1 to 10–2 s−1. The stress-strain curves of rock samples, characteristic stresses, energy data, and temporal and spatial distribution of acoustic emission signals were obtained and analyzed. The experimental results certified a linearly positive correlation between characteristic stresses and the logarithm of strain rates, despite the fact that the linear correlation varies for different characteristic stresses, whereas the ratios of characteristic stresses essentially do not change with increasing strain rates. The input energy and elastic strain energy at the damage point, UCS point and failure stress point exhibit a linearly positive correlation with the logarithm of strain rates when the strain rate exceeds 10–5 s−1. Meanwhile, the characteristics of energy conversion between input energy and elastic strain energy or the dissipated energy at different characteristic stresses points were explored. Based on this, the energy conversion process of rock under quasi-static compression can be divided into three stages: energy accumulation, energy dissipation, and energy release, respectively. Besides, it is noted that the total number of the located AE events decreases as strain rates increase when the strain rate exceeds 10–5 s−1, and the majority of located AE events occur during the crack closure stage and unstable crack growth stage. Finally, based on the perspective of energy conversion and the structural properties of multi-scale defects in rock, the mechanism of the increase of characteristic stresses with the increase of strain rates was proposed: that is, when rock is subjected to quasi-static compression, the higher strain rates can activate the small-scale defects, which necessitates more input energy from the external load via continuous work and causes an increase in the associated characteristic stresses.
Depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stressors across BMI classes: A Norwegian population study - The HUNT Study
Authors: Eik-Nes Trine Tetlie , Tokatlian Audrey , Raman Jayanthi , Spirou Dean , Kvaløy Kirsti 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundObesity is a global issue with detrimental health impacts. Recent research has highlighted the complexity of obesity due to its psychological correlates. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stress.MethodsData, including demographic, height, and weight information from 23 557 adult participants was obtained from the fourth survey of the Norwegian population based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure self-reported depression and anxiety. We also collected data on 10 domains of psychosocial stress (violence, mental violence, unwanted sex, cyber bullying, school bullying, history of own life-threatening disease, life-threatening disease in family, relationship problems, divorce, and sudden family death), which were aggregated into a cumulative measure of psychosocial stress.ResultsMultinomial logistic regression was utilized for statistical analysis. In the full model, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stress were explored controlling for age, sex, income, marital status, and educational attainment. After adjustments, a significant relationship was found between depression and obesity I (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06, p &lt;.001) and II and III (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, p &lt;.001). After the same adjustments, significant relationship between anxiety and overweight and obesity class I was found among elderly participants (≥65 years old). Psychosocial stress significantly and positively related to all levels of BMI, with or without considering anxiety and depression, after controlling for sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, and income in all age groups.ConclusionsObesity is a multifaceted health problem, significantly related to psychological factors including depression and psychosocial stress, which supports the need for a multifaceted, targeted approach to obesity treatment.
Metagenomic survey of agricultural water using long read sequencing: Considerations for a successful analysis
Authors: Maguire Meghan , Kase Julie A. , Brown Eric W. , Allard Marc W. , Musser Steven M. , González-Escalona Narjol 
Published: August 2022

Leafy greens are responsible for nearly half of the produce-related Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) outbreaks in the United States and recent investigations have implicated agricultural water as a potential source. Current FDA detection protocols require extensive analysis time. We aimed to use Oxford Nanopore rapid sequencing kits for an in-field determination of agricultural water microbiome and possible detection and characterization of STECs strain(s) in these samples. We tested the performance of the nanopore rapid sequencing kit (RAD004) for fast microbiome determination using the well characterized ZymoBIOMICS mock microbial community and the number of reads for each identified species was present in the expected proportion. Rapid sequencing kit (LRK001 and RAD004) library preparation of DNA extracted from agricultural water resulted in poor nanopore sequencing reactions, with low output (0.3–1.7 M reads), a high proportion of failed reads (50–60%), and highly sheared DNA before and after a magnetic bead clean up. To improve performance, we prepared a DNA library with the ligation kit (LSK109), which includes multiple cleaning steps, reducing inherent inhibitors and producing a better outcome (2.2 M reads, 15% failed reads). No definitive presence of STEC could be confirmed in any of the sites. Approximately 100 reads from each site (0.02% of total reads) were identified as Escherichia coli, but the specific strain or their virulence genes could not be detected. Sites 9, 10, and 12 were found to be positive for STEC presence by microbiological techniques after enrichment. The rapid sequencing kits can be appropriate for genus or species level microbial identification, but we recommend the use of the ligation kit for increased sequencing depth and removal of contaminants in agricultural water. However, we were not able to identify any STEC strains in these nanopore microbiome samples, due to low initial concentrations. The results from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence that MinION sequencing of agricultural water using the ligation kit has the potential to be used for rapid microbiome determination in the field with optimal results for water quality surveillance.
Studies on the ecology of Bulinus globosus snails: Evidence against burrowing into the soil during the dry season
Authors: Hang De-Rong , Feng Yun , Zhang Jian-Feng , Wang Yun-Hua , Zhang Biao , Juma Seleh , Sleiman Mchanga Mohd , Yang Kun 
Published: August 2022

Background:Bulinus globosus snail was the intermediate host of schistosome hematobium and hard to be found during the dry season. This study aimed to understand the vertical distribution of B. globosus in desiccated and re-hydrated soils and provide evidence on whether snails can drill into the soil for summer.Methods: Four laboratory/field experiments were designed to study the downward movement of the snails in desiccated soils or upward movement in re-watered soils. In Experiment 1, aquaria containing snails on the soil surface were placed in an outdoor environment to desiccate naturally. Then, snails were retrieved from different soil layers. In Experiment 2, snails on the soil surface were covered with an extra 5 cm layer of soil and 4 cm layer of water. The snail positions and survival rates were checked on the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth day. In Experiment 3, a seasonal ditch was selected in the field. After the soil in the ditch was naturally desiccated, 1cm, 1–3cm, 3–5cm, and 5–10 cm depth of soil layers were screened to retrieve snails. In Experiment 4, after the above ditch was naturally re-watered, snails were checked in the surface water once a week for 5 weeks.Results: At the end of Experiment 1, all the snails were only found at the soil surface. At the end of Experiment 2, snails were found neither within nor on top of the 4 cm layer of extra mud. At the end of Experiment 3, 96.92% of snails remained on the soil surface. Next, 2.77% of living snails were found in the mud crack within 1–5 cm depth. In Experiment 4, after the experimental field was naturally re-watered, no snails were found above the soil surface.Conclusion:B. globosus snails do not initially move downward into the soil during the dry season or upward to the soil surface after being re-watered.
Research trends and progress in the field of metal materials and bone repair: Comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis (2012–2021)
Authors: Xu Zhuoran 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The treatment of bone repair has always been a focus of research. In recent years, new metals have been increasingly used for bone repair, and many related studies have been published. However, until now, there has been no bibliometric analysis of these publications. This study uses bibliometrics to evaluate the current research status in this field to predict future research hotspots and development trends and promote the development and progress of this field.Methods: Global publications on metal materials and bone repair from January 2012 to December 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science database. Microsoft Excel 2016, GraphPad Prism 8, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were employed to perform the bibliometric study and data visualization.Results: China contributed the most publications and had the most citations and H-index, especially in the last five years. The journal Materials Science and Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications published the most papers. The Chinese Academy of Sciences had the most publications among all institutions. The top 10 articles by citations mainly focused on porous polymer scaffolds and the metals zinc and magnesium.Conclusion: We predict that the total number of global publications will grow in the future according to the relative research interest. Importantly, the current research focus has shifted from metal materials to osteogenic mechanisms. Porous scaffolds, degradation rate, tissue engineering, angiogenesis, and stem cells could be research hotspots in the future.
Improving Transcriptome Fidelity Following Synovial Tissue Disaggregation
Authors: Boyle David L. , Prideaux Edward B. , Hillman Joshua , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo improve the fidelity of the cellular transcriptome of disaggregated synovial tissue for applications such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) by modifying the disaggregation technique.MethodsOsteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia were collected at arthroplasty. RNA was extracted from intact or disaggregated replicate pools of tissue fragments. Disaggregation was performed with either a proprietary protease, Liberase TL (Lib) as a reference method, Liberase TL with an RNA polymerase inhibitor flavopyridol (Flavo), or a cold digestion with subtilisin A (SubA). qPCR on selected markers and RNAseq were used to compare disaggregation methods using the original intact tissue as reference.ResultsDisaggregated cell yield and viability were similar for all three methods with some viability improved (SubA). Candidate gene analysis showed that Lib alone dramatically increased expression of several genes involved in inflammation and immunity compared with intact tissue and was unable to differentiate RA from OA. Both alternative methods reduced the disaggregation induced changes. Unbiased analysis using bulk RNAseq and the 3 protocols confirmed the candidate gene studies and showed that disaggregation-induced changes were largely prevented. The resultant data improved the ability to distinguish RA from OA synovial transcriptomes.ConclusionsDisaggregation of connective tissues such as synovia has complex and selective effects on the transcriptome. We found that disaggregation with an RNA polymerase inhibitor or using a cold enzyme tended to limit induction of some relevant transcripts during tissue processing. The resultant data in the disaggregated transcriptome better represented the in situ transcriptome. The specific method chosen can be tailored to the genes of interest and the hypotheses being tested in order to optimize the fidelity of technique for applications based on cell suspensions such as sorted populations or scRNAseq.
Positive surgical margins may not affect the survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy: A meta-analysis based on 39 studies
Authors: Bai Renran , Gao Liang , Wang Jiawu , Jiang Qing 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSo far, whether positive surgical margin(PSM) has adverse effects on the prognosis of patients is still controversial, so we designed this study to systematically evaluate the effect of PSM on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after partial nephrectomy (PN).MethodsOn the basis of three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) up to May 2022, all case–control studies (CCSs) comparing the effects of PSM and negative surgical margin (NSM) after PN on the oncological results of RCC patients were included. Two evaluators independently conducted a systematic literature search and extracted the data we needed. The methodological quality of all studies was evaluated by the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The odds ratio (OR) was used to describe the results for dichotomous variables, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 14.2.ResultsA total of 39 studies involving 21461 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the rates of tumor recurrence (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.95-5.24; p &lt; 0.00001) and metastasis (OR 4.63, 95% CI 3.11-6.88; p &lt; 0.00001) in the PSM group were significantly higher than those in the NSM group. However, there were no significant differences in the rates of all-cause death (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.92-1.99; p = 0.13) or cancer-specific death (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.51-1.94; p = 0.99) between the two groups. In addition, subgroup analyses were carried out according to different average follow-ups, which revealed similar results.ConclusionInsignificant differences in survival between the PSM and NSM groups were observed, although significant differences in recurrence and metastasis in the PSM group were reported. Our study supported that close monitoring might be another effective choice for patients with PSM after PN. Considering the possible limitations, we recommended cautious interpretation of our results.
COQ8B glomerular nephropathy: Outcomes after kidney transplantation and analysis of characteristics in Chinese population
Authors: Zeng Shuhan , Xu Yuanyuan , Cheng Cheng , Yu Nannan , Liu Longshan , Mo Ying , Chen Lizhi , Jiang Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMutation in the COQ8B gene can cause COQ8B glomerular nephropathy (COQ8B-GN), which is rare and associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) as well as rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study was to analyze the prognosis and recurrence risk of COQ8B-GN in patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) and summarize the characteristics of the Chinese population.MethodsA retrospective study included four cases treated in our hospital with a diagnosis of COQ8B-GN. Chinese and foreign studies were searched from database inception to February 2022.ResultsA total of four cases were included, with the age of onset ranging from 4 to 9 years. The initial presentations were SRNS and asymptomatic proteinuria. Only one had an extrarenal manifestation (thyroid cyst). All patients progressed to ESRD at a mean time of 42 months after onset. With a total follow-up time ranging from 12 to 87 months, three of them had received transplantation. While one case needed a second KTx due to graft failure caused by chronic rejection, two recipients had excellent graft function. No recurrence in allograft was observed. There have been 18 cases of KTx recipients reported globally with follow-up information. Except for two cases of graft failure caused by hyperacute rejection and chronic rejection, respectively, the rest all had good graft function without recurrence. In addition, 44 cases of COQ8B-GN in the Chinese population were identified. At the onset, 75% of the patients were aged ≤10 years with initial symptoms of asymptomatic proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome (NS), or SRNS. By the time of literature publication, 59% of patients had progressed to ESRD (mean age of 10.3 ± 3.6 years). The median time from onset to ESRD was 21 months. Renal pathology mainly showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), accounting for 61.8% of all biopsies, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (20.6%). The first three prevalent mutations in the COQ8B gene among the Chinese population were c. 748G&gt;C, c. 737G&gt;A, and c. 532C&gt;T.ConclusionCOQ8B-GN in the Chinese population may present with asymptomatic proteinuria, NS, or SRNS initially, with most onsets before the age of 10 years. A lot of patients progress to ESRD in early adolescence. FSGS on biopsy and c. 748G&gt;C in the genetic test are the most frequently seen in Chinese COQ8B-GN patients. KTx is feasible for patients with ESRD due to the low risk of recurrence, but we should pay attention to graft rejection.