bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dunefield transgression and the lost fishing settlement of La Barrosa de Doñana
Authors: Muñoz-Reinoso José Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsidering its etymological meaning, the aim of this work was to identify the location of La Barrosa, a lost fishing settlement located on the dynamic coast of Doñana, and to relate the origin of the name (barrosa = muddy), and the causes of its disappearance to its geomorphological landscape context, tracing its recent evolution over time. Historical documentation and cartography about the coast of Doñana have been analysed to find records on La Barrosa and contrasted with the geomorphological information available for the area. The results have shown that La Barrosa went from being a shallow pond on the coast during the fifteenth century, which mud was used in pottery, to a fishing settlement on the coastline (first quarter of the seventeenth century), to finally disappear in the second half of the seventeenth century. Due to its location, close to the anchorage of the Doñana coastal spit barrier, its origin could be related to the mouth of an old marsh channel that drained the ancient marshland, or to an outflow to the sea from the ancient Santa Olalla lagoon. Its disappearance under transgressive dunes seems to be related to two pulses of dune building that took place around 1560 and 1661. This study shows that the use of toponymy, historical sources, and geomorphological knowledge must be considered in the interpretation of recent geomorphological landscape changes to broaden our understanding of the dynamic of coastal environments.
A Mega-Analysis of the Effects of Feedback on the Quality of Simulated Child Sexual Abuse Interviews with Avatars
Authors: Pompedda Francesco , Zhang Yikang , Haginoya Shumpei , Santtila Pekka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to test the effectiveness of giving feedback on simulated avatar interview training (Avatar Training) across different experiments and participant groups and to explore the effect of professional training and parenting experience by conducting a mega-analysis of previous studies. A total of 2,208 interviews containing 39,950 recommended and 36,622 non-recommended questions from 394 participants including European and Japanese students, psychologists, and police officers from nine studies were included in the mega-analysis. Experimental conditions were dummy-coded, and all dependent variables were coded in the same way as in the previously published studies. Professional experience and parenting experience were coded as dichotomous variables and used in moderation analyses. Linear mixed effects analyses demonstrated robust effects of feedback on increasing recommended questions and decreasing non-recommended questions, improving quality of details elicited from the avatar, and reaching a correct conclusion regarding the suspected abuse. Round-wise comparisons in the interviews involving feedback showed a continued increase of recommended questions and a continued decrease of non-recommended questions. Those with (vs. without) professional and parenting experience improved faster in the feedback group. These findings provide strong support for the efficacy of Avatar Training.
Computing and Social Welfare
Authors: Clemons Eric K. , Waran Ravi V. , Hermes Sebastian , Schreieck Maximilian , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial Welfare Computing is an emerging discipline that seeks to direct technology to cause minimum societal disruption, and in particular seeks to minimize the harm caused directly by technology itself. This is markedly different from the better-understood uses of technology to create value or to address existing social needs. Innovative technologies that are widely adopted created significant value for their users; otherwise, they would not be widely adopted. Often the companies that create them obtain new sources of wealth and power, which inevitably lead to new forms of abuse of power and new forms of societal disruption. Societal disruption in turn requires social adaptation, including new regulations to influence the behavior of firms and to define and to protect the rights of individuals in the changed society. The governance of online business models is complex because regulators must meet the conflicting objectives of different segments of society, and because regulators must avoid imposing restrictions that stifle innovation. Social Welfare Computing seeks to guide social adaptation, combining insights from disciplines as varied as anthropology, business strategy, economics, strategic planning, and law.
Design Knowledge for Deep-Learning-Enabled Image-Based Decision Support Systems
Authors: Landwehr Julius Peter , Kühl Niklas , Walk Jannis , Gnädig Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the ever-increasing societal dependence on electricity, one of the critical tasks in power supply is maintaining the power line infrastructure. In the process of making informed, cost-effective, and timely decisions, maintenance engineers must rely on human-created, heterogeneous, structured, and also largely unstructured information. The maturing research on vision-based power line inspection driven by advancements in deep learning offers first possibilities to move towards more holistic, automated, and safe decision-making. However, (current) research focuses solely on the extraction of information rather than its implementation in decision-making processes. The paper addresses this shortcoming by designing, instantiating, and evaluating a holistic deep-learning-enabled image-based decision support system artifact for power line maintenance at a German distribution system operator in southern Germany. Following the design science research paradigm, two main components of the artifact are designed: A deep-learning-based model component responsible for automatic fault detection of power line parts as well as a user-oriented interface responsible for presenting the captured information in a way that enables more informed decisions. As a basis for both components, preliminary design requirements are derived from literature and the application field. Drawing on justificatory knowledge from deep learning as well as decision support systems, tentative design principles are derived. Based on these design principles, a prototype of the artifact is implemented that allows for rigorous evaluation of the design knowledge in multiple evaluation episodes, covering different angles. Through a technical experiment the technical novelty of the artifact’s capability to capture selected faults (regarding insulators and safety pins) in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-captured image data (model component) is validated. Subsequent interviews, surveys, and workshops in a natural environment confirm the usefulness of the model as well as the user interface component. The evaluation provides evidence that (1) the image processing approach manages to address the gap of power line component inspection and (2) that the proposed holistic design knowledge for image-based decision support systems enables more informed decision-making. The paper therefore contributes to research and practice in three ways. First, the technical feasibility to detect certain maintenance-intensive parts of power lines with the help of unique UAV image data is shown. Second, the distribution system operators’ specific problem is solved by supporting decisions in maintenance with the proposed image-based decision support system. Third, precise design knowledge for image-based decision support systems is formulated that can inform future system designs of a similar nature.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Colorectal Cancer Screening in Puerto Rico
Authors: Colón-López Vivian , Valencia-Torres Ileska M. , Ríos Elsa I. , Llavona Josheili , Vélez-Álamo Camille , Fernández María E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the psychosocial factors influencing participation in colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) among Puerto Rican men and women. We conducted seven focus groups in metropolitan and rural areas of Puerto Rico (PR) with men and women (using gender specific groups) aged 50 to 80 years (n = 51) who were non-adherent to CRC guidelines. The focus group guide included questions related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC screening knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. We analyzed data using a modified grounded theory approach to identify emergent themes. Focus groups revealed seven major themes that represented barriers to CRCS: (1) lack of CRC knowledge, (2) lack of knowledge about colorectal cancer screening tests as well as the required preparation, (3) embarrassment, (4) low perceived benefit of CRCS and sense of fatalism, (5) transportation (mostly among participants in rural areas), (6) lack of time, and (7) financial burden. All participants understood the benefits of CRCS once the procedure was explained. Additionally, participants reported a lack of provider recommendation for CRCS. In this group of Puerto Rican participants who were non-adherent to CRCS, there were misconceptions about CRC, screening tests available, and preparation and testing procedures. Participants’ low levels of knowledge and negative attitudes concerning CRCS and low reported provider recommendation were important deterrents to screening. These findings suggest the need for educational efforts to increase knowledge and attitudes about CRCS and improved patient-provider communication to reduce missed opportunities to recommend.
Contribution of cauliflower residues to N nutrition of subsequent lettuce crops grown in rotation in an Italian Alpine environment
Authors: Tempesta Marco , Pennisi Giuseppina , Gianquinto Giorgio , Hauser Markus , Tagliavini Massimo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUp to 75% of nitrogen (N) taken up during cauliflowers production is allocated to leaves, which are left as crop residues after harvest. The inclusion of cauliflower, cultivated alone or intercropped with legumes, in rotation schemes, is a promising tool to optimize N availability to subsequent crops. This original study assessed, for the first time in South Tyrol, Italy, the effect of removal or soil incorporation of cauliflower and clover residues on the growth and N uptake of subsequent lettuce. In 2015, cauliflower was sole-cropped or intercropped with clover, under different N regimes (N0, N1, N2, N3 = 0, 75, 150, 300 kg N ha−1). Cauliflower and clover residues were either removed or incorporated in the soil in 2016. The effects of the residual fertility left by the N fertilizer, the two cropping systems, and the crop residues were assessed on the yield and N uptake of two subsequent lettuce crops. Isotopic15N-labeled cauliflower residues were additionally used to quantify the N contribution of cauliflower residues to lettuce growth. During the first lettuce crop, residues incorporation was the only factor increasing lettuce yields (+41%) and N uptake (+58%). The residual effect of N1 and N2 rates increased the lettuce N uptake when clover residues were incorporated. During the second lettuce crop, residues incorporation increased lettuce yields (+26%) and N uptake (+44%). On average, 64% and 35% of the lettuce N amounts, in the first and second cycles, respectively, derived from cauliflower residues, and accounted for 38% of the total N contained in cauliflower residues (214 kg N ha−1). Results from this experiment, uncommon for the examined species, demonstrate that incorporation of cauliflower and clover residues provides an excellent source of N for lettuce. Incorporating residues of the preceding cauliflower crop, alone or intercropped with clover, before establishing the lettuce crop, substantially reduce the N fertilization needs of subsequent lettuce crops.
Infrastructure and the Politics of African State Agency: Shaping the Belt and Road Initiative in East Africa
Authors: Chiyemura Frangton , Gambino Elisa , Zajontz Tim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfrastructure development has experienced a political renaissance in Africa and is again at the centre of national, regional, and continental development agendas. At the same time, China has been identified by African policy-makers as a particularly suitable strategic partner. As infrastructure has become a main pillar of Sino-African cooperation, there has been growing analytical interest in the role of African actors in shaping the terms and conditions and, by extension, the implementation of infrastructure projects with Chinese participation. This follows a more general African “agency turn” in China–Africa studies, which has shifted the research focus onto the myriad ways in which African state and non-state actors shape the continent's engagements with China. This article is situated within this growing body of literature and explores different forms of African state agency in the context of Tanzania's planned Bagamoyo port, Ethiopia's Adama wind farms, and Kenya’s Lamu port. We posit a non-reductionist and social-relational ontology of the (African) state which sees the state as a multifaceted and multi-scalar institutional ensemble. We show that the extent and forms of state agency exerted are inherently interrelated with and, thus, highly contingent upon concrete institutional, economic, political, and bureaucratic contexts in which African state actors are firmly embedded. In doing so, we make the case for a context-sensitive analysis of various spheres of state agency in particular conjunctures of Sino-African engagement.
Role of thermophoresis on unsteady/steady mixed convective flow in a vertical channel having convective boundary conditions
Authors: Jha Basant Kumar , Sani Hadiza Nass 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A numerical as well as analytical investigation is performed to study time dependent/steady state mixed convection flow in a vertical channel in presence of thermophoresis having convective boundary conditions. The main objective of this paper is to present exact solutions for steady state mathematical model under relevant boundary conditions and numerical solutions for time dependent situation under relevant initial and boundary conditions. The impact of various controlling parameters such as dimensionless time $$t$$
t
, Schmidt number $$Sc$$

Sc

, Biot numbers $$Bi_{1}$$

B

i
1

and $$Bi_{2}$$

B

i
2

, buoyancy ratio $$b$$
b
and thermophoretic coefficient $$k$$
k
have on the flow patterns is discussed. Graphical results show that the effect of increasing two or more of the parameters simultaneously with high mixed convection parameter changes the flow from bi-directional to unidirectional. Also, the occurrence of a flow reversal depends on buoyancy and dimensional time. Furthermore, there exists a convergence of Sherwood number values at the cold plate when thermophoretic values are high.

Article Highlights

When buoyancy dominates the flow, a decrease of reverse flow at the cold plate is observed as thermophoresis approaches its peak.

If Schmidt number increases simultaneously with time, a wider region across the channel where concentration of particles is zero is observed.

When thermophoretic values are low, an increment in time reduces Sherwood numbers. Sherwood number values are observed to converge at the cold plate when thermophoretic values are high. These findings have implications in the developments of thermophoretic cells used in biochemical and medical researches because Sherwood numbers imply negative concentration fluxes at boundaries.
Revalidation of the Mentoring Competency Assessment to evaluate skills of research mentors: The MCA-21
Authors: Hyun So Hee , Rogers Jenna G. , House Stephanie C. , Sorkness Christine A. , Pfund Christine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The Mentoring Competency Assessment (MCA) is an example of a validated instrument for measuring mentor skills for postsecondary Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine research. The purpose of this study was to revalidate the MCA scale using a larger, more diverse population since the original MCA was validated on a small sample of predominantly senior white male faculty.

Methods:
The MCA was completed by 1626 mentors from a survey data set of 1759 respondents who participated in eight or more hours of face-to-face Entering Mentoring-based training between 2010 and 2019. We conducted principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation to investigate the internal structure of the MCA and Hatcher’s criteria were applied. After a team of mentoring experts independently interpreted the PCA results and reached a consensus on the interpretations of the components, factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analysis were applied to assess the construct validity and the reliability.

Results:
While the 26-item MCA instrument was originally validated with six subscales, through the factor and reliability analyses, all the parameter estimates for each item of seven components of 24-item MCA were significant and had relatively high internal consistency; the alpha coefficient for the components ranged from 0.77 to 0.86.

Conclusions:
Five items from the MCA have been dropped, leaving a condensed 21 item scale (MCA-21) which loads onto six competencies, and should now be used to effectively measure mentoring skills. We provide recommendations for furthering the scale development and validation of common measures.
A Region-Wide All-Hazard Training Program for Prehospital Mass Casualty Incident Management: A Real-World Case Study
Authors: Carenzo Luca , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Foti Francesco , Albergoni Enzo , Colombo Davide , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Zoli Alberto , Sironi Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
We report the development, implementation, and results of a sustainable region-wide mass-casualty management prehospital training program implemented by the Regione Lombardia emergency medical services (EMS) agency AREU in Italy.

Methods:
The educational program learning objectives are: (1) command and control, communications, and resource management; (2) mass casualty triage and the START triage protocol; (3) on-scene management; (4) Regione Lombardia and AREU Mass Casualty standard operating procedures; and (5) inter-agency communications and relations. For each course edition data on participants’ summative assessment, participants’ feedback and costs were collected.

Results:
Between June 26, 2013, and December 31, 2020, a total of 84 editions of the provider training event were delivered, training an overall 1329 prehospital providers; 1239 (93%) passed the summative assessment and were qualified as being operationally “ready.” Regarding participant feedback, the overall program was rated 4.4 ± 0.7 out of 5. The overall cost of running the provider program during the study period was €321 510 (circa US $382 000). The average cost per edition was €3828 and €242 per participant.

Conclusions:
We have described a simple yet interactive simulation and blended-learning approach, which has yielded good pass rates, good participant satisfaction, and contained costs to systematically train emergency medical service personnel.
Epidemiological Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures of Occupational Injuries Among Commercial Couriers in China Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shi Xiuquan , Qi Miao , Hu Xiuli , Qi Guojia , Yuan Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we focus on the significant upward trend of occupational accidental traffic injuries in commercial couriers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This review comments on the characteristics of occupational accidental injuries of commercial couriers in China and then discusses the reasons of the high incidence rate and associated risk factors. Various potential protective measures were also explored to prevent and control the occupational injuries in this vulnerable worker group.
Can We Persuade Those Who Hesitate to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine?
Authors: Gamsizkan Zerrin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine studies are continuing in many centers. However, the public’s preference for vaccination against COVID-19 is not clear. This study aims to determine the knowledge level of people about vaccines developed against the COVID-19 and their preferences for vaccination.

Methods:
Participants’ knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines was evaluated with a questionnaire. Participants were selected by a stratified method using age, gender, education, and occupation group.

Results:
The study includes 1508 participants with a mean age of 38.97 ± 14.50 (min = 18, max = 82); 24.7% (n = 373) of the participants stated that they wanted to be vaccinated, 34.5% (n = 521) did not want to be vaccinated, and 40.7% (n = 614) stated that they were undecided about vaccination; 39.11% (n = 444) of the participants stated that they were afraid of the vaccine’s side effects, and 19.55% (n = 222) thought that the vaccines produced were used for malicious purposes and hesitated to vaccinate; 7.57% (n = 86) of the participants stated that they thought the vaccines were rushed too much and not yet reassuring.

Conclusions:
The study results show that individuals are hesitant and unwilling to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Persuasion interventions and information are necessary, as the rate of those who accept vaccination is very low.
Utilization of Alternate Care Sites During the COVID-19 Surge and Mass Care: California, 2020–2021
Authors: Christensen Kate , Metzner Mitch , Lovett-Floom LeAnne , Lindsay Carol , Meghoo Colin A. , Staats Kathy , Devereaux Asha , Noste Erin , Backer Howard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused critical hospital bed and staffing shortages in parts of California for most of 2020 and 2021. Alternate Care Sites (ACS) were established in several regions to alleviate the hospital patient surge and to maximize staffed bed capacity. Over 1900 patients were successfully provided medical care (with physician, nursing, respiratory therapy, oxygen, and pharmacy services) in relatively austere settings. This paper examines the challenges faced at these ACS facilities and how adaptations were incorporated according to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully manage higher acuity patients. ACS facilities were 1 approach to California’s surge of COVID-19 patients, despite limited medical supplies and staffing.