bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of manager's gender in mentoring: Evidence in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hu Xiaocheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article studies the role of managers' gender as a determinant of mentoring relationships between managers and employees in British firms by using data collected from the 2004 and 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Past literature suggests a rather mixed figure with datasets collected from either one point in time or in a single firm. Using longitudinal data collected from hundreds of British firms, this study shows that the results are inconsistent between classical pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) and fixed effects (FEs) regression models. The significant associations found in POLS regressions disappeared when firm FEs are included. This finding should encourage researchers to go beyond gender differences in mentoring relationships which often are the results of conventional stereotyping.
Fall time may be a reliable discriminator between neoplastic and non‐neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs undergoing contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: a pilot study
Authors: Spediacci Carlotta , Manfredi Martina , Sala Giulia , Liuti Tiziana , Israeliantz Nicolas , Zani Davide Danilo , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Longo Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can provide quantitative information on enhancement patterns and perfusion of lesions, based on time‐intensity curves (TICs). No published studies have compared CEUS parameters in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs. The aim of the current prospective, pilot study was to quantitatively characterize the CEUS pattern of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in dogs, assessing the influence of contrast arrival time (CAT) on the final appearance of the curves. Fourteen dogs with cyto‐histopathological diagnoses were included (seven malignant and seven inflammatory lesions). B‐mode ultrasound was performed followed by CEUS examination after an intravenous bolus injection of 0.04 mL/kg of contrast medium, and TICs were elaborated by dedicated software. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for each TIC parameter were obtained. Neoplastic lesions had subjectively shorter rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP) and fall time (FT) than inflammatory lesions. Based on ROC curve analyses, fall time ≥ 10.49 s was the most reliable parameter for diagnosing non‐neoplastic disease in this small sample of dogs (area under the curve [AUC] 0.75, sensitivity 83.33%, specificity 66.67%). No difference was found between ROCs calculated for each parameter of TICs by adding or removing CAT. Results of the current study provide background for future, larger scale studies evaluating use of a CEUS FT threshold of 10.49 s as a possible discriminator for urinary bladder neoplastic lesions in dogs.
Built for Speed
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Drone Racing League holds contests between pilots flying UAVs through obstacle courses. The league's aspirations are more than just providing exhilarating races, however. It is working to innovate drone technology at a large scale. With 5G drones and FAA partnerships, the DRL is creating more than just a sports league. It is helping usher in the next wave of drone technology.
Manufacturing and the Great Resignation
Authors: Schmid Steven R. , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The stress test of the COVID-19 pandemic uncovered vulnerabilities in the global supply chain, and subsequent shortages indicate they may not be displaying the robustness needed to cope with the increased level of economic activity. But restocking the nation’s shelves for the decades to come will require more than reestablishing logistics—it needs people. It demands renewed investment in the manufacturing and technical workforce and the training of millions of skilled workers required for high-tech manufacturing.
A Structural Optimization Framework to Design Compliant Constant Force Mechanisms With Large Energy Storage
Authors: Ou Haihua , Yi Haiping , Qaiser Zeeshan , Ur Rehman Tanzeel , Johnson Shane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present a structural optimization framework to design constant force mechanisms (CFMs) with high energy storage capacity. In the framework, the constant force behavior with a zero preload is defined to be ideal, as this has the maximum energy storage given force and displacement limits. A graph-based topology selection, followed by shape optimization is conducted to select designs with energy storage most similar to the energy of the ideal constant force relation. The obtained CFM designs through this framework has a higher energy similarity index compared to typical designs from literature (0.95 versus 0.90). The constant force mechanisms developed through this study can be further applied in different robot/human–environment interfaces that benefit from both mitigating impact force and increasing energy storage.
Thermosolutal Marangoni Bioconvection of a Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Stratified Medium
Authors: Roy Subrata , Raut Santanu , Kairi Rishi Raj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bioconvection due to the movement of the micro-organism cells is universal and affects many ecological and biological processes, including infection, reproduction, and marine life ecosystems. The impact of the bioconvection is more significant in nanofluids. In the present problem, we investigate the Marangoni triply stratified bioconvective flow of non-Newtonian (second-grade) nanofluid with the presence of motile micro-organisms over a permeable inclined plate. The problem provides an analysis of the impact of second-order effects, namely, viscous dissipation, radiation, and chemical reaction, allowing a set of similarity transformations to convert the governing PDEs into coupled nonlinear DEs. Thereafter, Runge–Kutta Fehlberg's numerical method is employed to find the solution of the DEs for some chosen values of different flow influencing parameters. The impact of crucial parameters on the velocity, temperature, nanoparticles volume fraction, the motile density of micro-organisms, and the quantities of physical interest, namely, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local motile micro-organism density number are illustrated through the plots and tables. It is revealed that the second-grade fluid parameter indicates a prominent correlation with the Marangoni convection in the bioconvective transport mechanism. Also, the Marangoni convection is significant in bioconvective flows for large Péclet numbers.
Effect of Simulated Mass-Tunable Auxetic Midsole on Vertical Ground Reaction Force
Authors: Ford Ryan R. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. , Brandon Scott C. E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When runners impact the ground, they experience a sudden peak ground reaction force (GRF), which may be up to 4× greater than their bodyweight. Increased GRF impact peak magnitude has been associated with lower limb injuries in runners. Yet, shoe midsoles are capable of cushioning the impact between the runner and the ground to reduce GRF. It has been proposed that midsoles should be tunable with subject mass to minimize GRF and reduce risk of injury. Auxetic metamaterials, structures designed to achieve negative Poisson's ratios, demonstrate superior impact properties and are highly tunable. Recently, auxetic structures have been introduced in footwear, but their effects on GRF are not documented in literature. This work investigates the viability of a three-dimensional auxetic impact structure with a tunable force plateau as a midsole through mass-spring-damper simulation. An mass-spring-damper model was used to perform 315 simulations considering combinations of seven subject masses (45–90 kg), 15 auxetic plateau forces (72–1080 N), and three auxetic damping conditions (450, 725, and 1000 Ns/m) and regression analysis was used to determine their influence on GRF impact peak, energy, instantaneous, and average loading rate. Simulations showed that tuning auxetic plateau force and damping based on subject mass may reduce GRF impact and loading rate versus simulated conventional midsoles. Auxetic plateau force and damping conditions of 450 Ns/m and ∼1 bodyweight (BW), respectively, minimized peak impact GRF. This work demonstrates the need for tunable auxetic midsoles and may inform future work involving midsole testing.
Petrologic constraints on the origin of Proterozoic ferroan granites of the Laurentian margin
Authors: Frost Carol D. , Frost B. Ronald 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Ferroan granite is a characteristic rock type of the Laurentian margin. It is commonly associated with anorthosite and related rocks. Ferroan granites are strongly enriched in iron, are alkalic to alkali-calcic, and are generally metaluminous. These geochemical characteristics reflect their tholeiitic parental magma source and relatively reducing and anhydrous conditions of crystallization. Their compositions distinguish them from arc magmas, which are magnesian and calcic to calc-alkalic. Ferroan granite magmas are hot, which promotes partial melting of their crustal wall rocks. Assimilation of these silica-rich and peraluminous melts drives the resulting magmas to higher silica and aluminum saturation values. Where Proterozoic ferroan granites intrude Archean crust, their mantle component is readily identified isotopically, but this is more difficult where they intrude relatively juvenile crust.
Ferroan granite forms in tectonic environments that allow partial melts of tholeiitic mantle to pond and differentiate at or near the base of the crust. Phanerozoic examples occur in plume settings, such as the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone, or under certain conditions involving slab rollback, such as those that formed the Cenozoic topaz rhyolites of the western United States or ferroan rhyolites of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is possible that the long-lived supercontinent Nuna-Rodinia, of which Laurentia was a part, formed an insulating lid that raised underlying mantle temperatures and created a unique environment that enabled emplacement of large volumes of mafic melt at the base of the crust. Ascent of felsic differentiates accompanied by variable crustal assimilation may have created large volumes of Proterozoic ferroan granite and related rocks.
Late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic deposition of quartz arenites across southern Laurentia
Authors: Medaris Jr. L. Gordon , Daniel Christopher G. , Doe Michael F. , Jones III James V. , Schwartz Joshua J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Supermature siliciclastic sequences were deposited between 1.64 Ga and 1.59 Ga over a broad swath of southern Laurentia in the Archean, Penokean, Yavapai, and Mazatzal Provinces. These siliciclastic sequences are notable for their extreme mineralogical and chemical maturity, being devoid of detrital feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals, containing the clay mineral kaolinite (or its metamorphic equivalent, pyrophyllite), and having a chemical index of alteration &gt;95. Such maturity is the result of a perfect confluence of tectonic and climatic conditions, including a stable continental crust with low topographic relief (the Archean, Penokean, and Yavapai Provinces ca. 1.70 Ga), a warm humid climate, an elevated level of atmospheric CO2, and relatively acidic pore fluids in the critical zone. The weathered detritus was transported and deposited by southward-flowing streams across the Archean, Penokean, and Yavapai Provinces, ultimately to be deposited on 1.66 Ga volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in the Mazatzal continental arc along the southern margin of Laurentia.
Vitamin D deficiency in South-East Asian children: a systematic review
Authors: Oktaria Vicka , Putri Dwi Astuti Dharma , Ihyauddin Zulfikar , Julia Madarina , Sulistyoningrum Dian Caturini , Koon Poh Bee , Danchin Margaret , Murni Indah Kartika 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among healthy children aged between 0 and 18 years living in South-East Asia (SEA).DesignWe systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE for observational studies assessing VDD among healthy children in the SEA region as the primary or secondary outcome from database inception to 6 April 2021. PubMed was used for e-pubs and publications not indexed in Medline. Publications that included abstracts in English were included. We performed a systematic review to describe the prevalence of VDD in SEA children.ResultsOur initial search identified 550 publications with an additional 2 publications from manual screening. Of those, 21 studies from 5 different countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia) were summarised and included in forest plots. The prevalence of VDD (<50 nmol/L) ranged from 0.9% to 96.4%, with >50% of newborns having VDD, and severe VDD (<30 nmol/L) ranged from 0% to 55.8%. Female sex and urban living were the most common determinants of VDD.ConclusionsVDD among healthy children living in the SEA region is common. Efforts to detect VDD and the implementation of preventive measures, including education on safe sun exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation or food fortification, should be considered for key target groups, including adolescent females and pregnant and lactating women to improve the vitamin D status of newborns.Protocol registration numberThis study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181600).
Process evaluation of the New Interventions for independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS) Family stream randomised controlled trial: protocol
Authors: Wyman Danielle Laura , Butler Laurie , Cooper Claudia , Bright Peter , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Barber Julie 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionNew Interventions for independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS)-Family is an Alzheimer’s Society funded new manualised, multimodal psychosocial intervention to support people living with dementia (PLWD) to achieve goals that they and their family carers set, towards living as independently and as well as possible at home for longer. This process evaluation will be embedded within the NIDUS-Family Randomised Controlled Trial intervention-arm (n=199), testing how the intervention influences change, as measured by goal attainment. The evaluation will test, refine and develop the NIDUS-Family theoretical model, associated causal assumptions and logic model to identify key mechanisms of impact, implementation and contextual factors influencing the intervention’s effectiveness. Findings will inform how the programme is implemented in practice.Methods and analysisThe process evaluation will be theory driven and apply a convergent mixed-methods design. Dyads (PLWD and family carer) will be purposively sampled based on high or low Goal Attainment Scaling scores (trial primary outcome). Qualitative interviews with dyads (approx. n=30) and their respective facilitators post-trial will explore their experiences of receiving and delivering the intervention. Interviews will be iteratively thematically analysed. Matching observational quantitative data will be collected concurrently from videorecordings and/or audiorecordings of NIDUS-Family dyad trial sessions. Further quantitative data will be collected through an acceptability questionnaire for all intervention-arm dyads (n=199). Mixed-method integration will use an interactive analysis strategy, considering qualitative and quantitative findings through mixed-method matrix for dyadic level ‘case studies’, and a joint display for ‘population’ level analysis and interpretation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (REC). Study reference: 19/LO/1667. IRAS project ID: 271 363. This work is carried out within the UCL Alzheimer’s Society Centre of Excellence (grant 300) for Independence at home, NIDUS programme.Findings will be disseminated through publications and conferences, and as recommendations for the implementation study and strategy.Trial registration numberISRCTN11425138.
Patient-reported systemic symptoms in women with silicone breast implants: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Spit Karlinde Amber , Scharff Miranda , de Blok Christel JM , Niessen Frank B , Bachour Yara , Nanayakkara Prabath W 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveAn unknown portion of women with silicone breast implants (SBI) report development of systemic symptoms, recently named as ‘breast implant illness (BII)’. We aim to describe the symptoms and characteristics of women with SBI reporting these systemic symptoms and compare the clinical course of women who chose to keep their implants, to women who had their implants removed.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingSpecialised BII out-patient clinic at Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands, from 2011 to 2020.ParticipantsAll women presenting to the BII clinic with SBI and systemic symptoms.Results467 women were included for baseline analyses and 398 women for follow-up. Most frequently reported systemic symptoms at baseline included fatigue (88%), arthralgia (71%), morning stiffness (59%), myalgia (48%), cognitive impairment (33%), peripheral neurological symptoms (30%) and lymphadenopathy (22%). Furthermore, 56% reported pre-existing allergies at baseline and positive antinuclear antibodies were observed in 23%. At follow-up with a median of 3.3 years (IQR 2–4), 152 women had their implants removed on clinical grounds. Symptoms improved significantly in 65 women (43%), improved moderately in 37 women (24%), did not change in 37 women (24%) and deteriorated in 13 women (9%). Women who underwent explantation showed more improvement of their systemic symptoms compared with women who did not (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.2). Additionally, women who underwent explantation within 10 years after implantation improved significantly better than women who got the implants removed after 10 years (p=0.007). Lastly, local symptoms decreased from 75% to 34% after implant removal (p<0.0001).ConclusionMost women with SBI who developed systemic symptoms experienced improvement after explantation, especially when removed within 10 years after implantation. Early recognition of the pattern of systemic symptoms in women with SBI is important and implant removal should be considered.
Community paramedicine: cost–benefit analysis and safety evaluation in paramedical emergency services in rural areas – a scoping review
Authors: Elden Odd Eirik , Uleberg Oddvar , Lysne Marianne , Haugdahl Hege Selnes 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the current knowledge and possibly identify gaps in the knowledge base for cost–benefit analysis and safety concerning community paramedicine in rural areas.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesMEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and Embase up to December 2020.Study selectionAll English studies involving community paramedicine in rural areas, which include cost–benefit analysis or safety evaluation.Data extractionThis scoping review follows the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We systematically searched for all types of studies in the databases and the reference lists of key studies to identify studies for inclusion. The selection process was in two steps. First, two reviewers independently screened 2309 identified articles for title and abstracts and second performed a full-text review of 24 eligible studies for inclusion.ResultsThree articles met the inclusion criteria concerning cost–benefit analysis, two from Canada and one from USA. No articles met the inclusion criteria for safety evaluation.ConclusionThere are knowledge gaps concerning safety evaluation of community paramedicine in rural areas. Three articles were included in this scoping review concerning cost–benefit analysis, two of them showing positive cost-effectiveness with community paramedicine in rural areas.
Planned, ongoing and completed tuberculosis treatment trials in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa: a 2019 cross-sectional descriptive analysis
Authors: Mathebula Lindi , Mapahla Lovemore , Nurkhametova Dilyara , Ziganshina Liliya Eugenevna , Mazinu Mikateko , Jordan Esme , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Kredo Tamara 
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a deadly challenge globally and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) are among the countries with the highest TB burden. The objective of this study is to identify and describe ongoing, planned and completed TB trials conducted in the BRICS countries registered in WHO-International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP); to report selective outcome reporting by comparing primary outcomes in published trials with their prespecified outcomes in registry records and to evaluate the time to publication.Methods and analysisWe searched the WHO-ICTRP portal (20 January 2019) and the Russian Federation Registry (30 March 2019) to identify TB trials conducted in BRICS countries. We included only registered clinical trials conducted wholly in BRICS countries or with at least one recruitment centre in one of the BRICS countries that were investigating TB treatment.ResultsThe search of the WHO-ICTRP yielded 408 trials and additional 32 trials were identified from the Russian registry. Of those, 253 were included in the analysis. We found that 77 trials were multicountry trials, followed by trials in China (55), India (53), South Africa (34), Russia (23) and Brazil (11). 163 trials were registered prospectively, 69 retrospectively and 21 trials had no registration status. Most trials (207) evaluated TB treatment, followed by 29 behaviour change interventions, 13 nutritional supplementation, 4 surgical treatment and 2 assessing rehabilitation. Based on ICJME recommendation of publishing 12 months after completion of trial, we found that 156 trials were completed 12 or more months by date and 101 trials had publications. Thirty-one of the 101 trials with publication had evidence of selective outcome reporting. The median time to publication was 25 months (IQR 15–37) from the time of anticipated end date stated in the registry.ConclusionTB trials conducted in BRICS countries are collaborative, mostly drug treatment oriented, potentially affecting policies. Selective outcome reporting remains a problem both for prospectively and retrospectively registered trials, only small fraction of which gets to publication.
Clinical features and direct medical cost of splenic injury in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Yan , Ma Yubo , Qi Yong , Zhang Qiu , Zhou Ji-Hong 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study analyses the clinical features and direct medical cost (DMC) of splenic injury during 2000–2013 in China.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsWe used ‘The No. 1 Military Medical Project’ information system to conduct a retrospective study. Patients’ information from 2000 to 2013 were identified. Demographic data, treatment, clinical data and DMC were collected. We performed a generalised linear method (GLM) using gamma distribution to assess the drivers of DMCs.ResultsWe included 8083 patients with splenic injury who met the study criteria. Over the 14-year study period, 2782 (34.4%) patients were treated with non-operative management (NOM), 5301 (65.6%) with OM. From 2000 to 2013, the rate of NOM increased from 34.7% to 55.9%, while OM decreased from 65.3% to 44.1%. Mean per-patient DMC in both NOM and OM increased from 2000 to 2013. In GLM analysis, male, old age, length of stay, severe splenic injury grade, OM, intensive care unit, blood transfusion and tertiary hospitals were associated with higher DMC, while female and NOM was associated with lower DMC.ConclusionsIn China, management of splenic injury was the most important factor impacting the total DMC. Proper management and public policy could curtail the burden of splenic injury.