bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate cut-offs to identify non-febrile children with dehydration and acute kidney injury
Authors: Marzuillo Pierluigi , Di Sessa Anna , Iafusco Dario , Capalbo Daniela , Polito Cesare , Nunziata Felice , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Montaldo Paolo , Guarino Stefano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe hypothesized that the heart rate (HR) variation in an acute setting compared with HR in wellbeing status could be a good marker of both dehydration and acute kidney injury (AKI). Since HR in wellbeing status is unknown in most cases, we assumed as reliable surrogate the 50th percentile of HR according to age and gender. We evaluated if the estimated percentage of heart rate variation in acute setting compared with 50th percentile of HR (EHRV) could be marker of dehydration and AKI in children. Two independent cohorts, one prospective comprehending 185 children at type 1 diabetes mellitus onset (derivation) and one retrospective comprehending 151 children with acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia (validation), were used to develop and externally validate EHRV as predictor of the ≥ 5% dehydration and/or AKI composite outcome. Febrile patients were excluded. EHRV was calculated as ((HR at admission–50th percentile of HR)/HR at admission) × 100. The prevalences of ≥ 5% dehydration and AKI were 61.1% and 43.8% in the derivation and 34.4% and 24.5% in the validation cohort. For the ≥ 5% dehydration and/or AKI composite outcome, the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of the EHRV in the derivation cohort was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.62–0.77; p < 0.001) and the best EHRV cut-off was > 24.5%. In the validation cohort, EHRV > 24.5% showed specificity = 100% (95%CI, 96.2–100.0), positive predictive value = 100%, and negative predictive value = 67.1% (95%CI, 64.7–69.5). The positive likelihood ratio was infinity, and odds ratio was not calculable because all the patients with EHRV > 24.5% showed ≥ 5% dehydration and/or AKI. Conclusions: EHRV appears a rather reliable marker of dehydration and AKI. Further validations could allow implementing EHRV in the clinical practice.

What is Known:• Increased heart rate (HR) is an easily and quickly detectable sign of dehydration in childhood, but its cut-off to suspect dehydration or acute kidney injury (AKI) is not defined.

What is New:• We found that a percentage of estimated HR variation in acute setting in comparison with 50th percentile of HR (EHRV)>24.5% predicted ≥5% dehydration and/or AKI in non-febrile patients.• We provide a one-page tool to suspect ≥5% dehydration and/or AKI on the basis of the HR. If furtherly validated, this tool could be implemented in the daily clinical practice.
Closed-suction drainage in thoracolumbar spinal surgery–clinical routine without evidence? a systematic review
Authors: Schnake Klaus John , Pumberger Matthias , Rappert Denis , Götz Achim , Zolotoverkh Oleksandr , Waligora Rita , Scheyerer Max Joseph ,   Spine Section of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The considered benefit of surgical drain use after spinal surgery is to prevent local accumulation of a haematoma by decompressing the closed space in the approach of the surgical site. In this context, the aim of the present systematic review was to prove the benefit of the routine use of closed-suction drains.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and algorithm.

Results
Following the literature search, 401 potentially eligible investigations were identified. Eventually, a total of 24 studies with 8579 participants were included. Negative suction drainage led to a significantly higher volume of drainage fluid. Drainage duration longer than 72 h may be associated with a higher incidence of Surgical side infections (SSI); however, accompanying antibiotic treatment is unnecessary. Regarding postoperative haematoma and neurological complications, no evidence exists concerning their prevention. Hospital stay length and related costs may be elevated in patients with drainage but appear to depend on surgery type.

Conclusions
With regard to the existing literature, the use of closed-suction drainage in elective thoracolumbar spinal surgery is not associated with any proven benefit for patients and cannot decrease postoperative complications.
Finanzierung von Zukunftsinvestitionen: Pragmatische Lösungen sind gefragt
Authors: Schnitzer Monika , Truger Achim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the new German federal government has imposed tight fiscal policy restrictions on itself, a pragmatic approach is needed to finance the spending requirements of the transformation. The financing instruments mentioned in the coalition agreement appears to be suitable in principle for meeting key fiscal challenges facing the federal government in the coming years. However, they need to be quantified in concrete terms as quickly as possible and designed to ensure legal security in order to send reliable signals for the necessary capacity building, particularly in the construction industry and public administration.
Berlin sieht es locker — Brüssel (noch) nicht
Authors: Boysen-Hogrefe Jens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious ways exist to make use of public debt financing despite the existence of the debt brake. These are outlined in the recent coalition agreement, which indicates that the new government will go in this direction. Particularly, the accounting of federal special funds will change and the role of public enterprises will increase. Budget surveillance at the European level, however, uses alternative accounting that remains unaffected. German budgets will likely run up against the current European rules in the medium run. Thus, the new budget plans also hint at the readiness to renegotiate fiscal rules for the European Union.
Warum und wie die Liberalisierung des Cannabismarktes in Deutschland erfolgen sollte
Authors: Haucap Justus , Knoke Leon 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag fasst die Argumente für eine Legalisierung von Cannabis zusammen und macht Vorschläge zur Ausgestaltung des Regulierungsrahmens. Hauptargument für eine regulierte Cannabisfreigabe sind nicht die zu erwartenden Steuereinnahmen oder die entstehenden legalen Arbeitsplätze, sondern der verbesserte Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz in einem staatlich regulierten Cannabismarkt. Während es bei legalen Suchtmitteln wie Tabak und Alkohol erfolgreich gelingt, den Konsum immer weiter einzudämmen, nimmt der Cannabiskonsum trotz Prohibition seit Jahren zu. Entscheidend für einen effektiven Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz ist eine wohl durchdachte Marktordnung mit sachgerechter Marktregulierung und Besteuerung.
Instrumente einer gestaltenden Strukturpolitik?
Authors: Kampmann Ricarda 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungWährend der Corona-Krise tätigte der Staat hohe Ausgaben, die die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung stabilisieren sollten. Langfristig dienen Subventionen eher dazu, Unternehmen bei der Sicherung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu unterstützen, Forschung und Investitionen zu erhöhen und damit auch den Strukturwandel voranzutreiben. Allerdings werden Subventionen kritisch betrachtet: Einerseits weisen sie Potenzial für die Kürzung öffentlicher Ausgaben auf, andererseits sollen sie Beiträge zu einem nachhaltig ausgerichteten Strukturwandel leisten. Dies ist im Folgenden Anlass dafür, die im 28. Subventionsbericht ausgewiesenen Subventionen kritisch zu beleuchten. Dabei stehen nicht die Corona-Hilfen im Blickpunkt, sondern längerfristig begründete Subventionen, welche die fi nanziellen Spielräume des Staates dauerhaft einengen.
When do Non-financial Goals Benefit Stakeholders? Theorizing on Care and Power in Family Firms
Authors: Richards Melanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch studying the effects of non-financial goals on stakeholder relationships remains inconclusive, with scholars disagreeing on which goals increase or decrease a firm’s proactive stakeholder engagement (PSE). Instead of examining which goals act as forces for good or evil, we shift the focus of recent discussions by emphasizing the mechanisms that can explain the positive and negative stakeholder outcomes of non-financial goals under the umbrella of one theoretical lens. We do so by introducing an ethics of care perspective. Specifically, we first show that four of the five most distinctive non-financial goals of family owners jointly stipulate care-based morality, which likely enhances PSE. However, we subsequently argue that one goal, namely, the wish to exert power and influence, interacts with other goals and related care-based morality to lower PSE. Finally, we show how female family directors temper these interactions. Our insights into the additive and interactive effects of non-financial goals on PSE contribute to corporate social responsibility research, to the organizational goal literature, to family business studies and to work drawing on care ethics in management studies.
Pressure-Tight and Non-stiff Volume Penalization for Compressible Flows
Authors: Reiss Julius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmbedding geometries in structured grids allows a simple treatment of complex objects in fluid simulations. Various methods for embedding geometries are available. The commonly used Brinkman-volume-penalization models geometries as porous media, and approximates a solid object in the limit of vanishing porosity. In its simplest form, the momentum equations are augmented by a term penalizing the fluid velocity, yielding good results in many applications. However, it induces numerical stiffness, especially if high-pressure gradients need to be balanced. Here, we focus on the effect of the reduced effective volume (commonly called porosity) of the porous medium. An approach is derived, which allows reducing the flux through objects to practically zero with little increase of numerical stiffness. Also, non-slip boundary conditions and adiabatic boundary conditions are easily constructed. The porosity terms allow keeping the skew symmetry of the underlying numerical scheme, by which the numerical stability is improved. Furthermore, very good conservation of mass and energy in the non-penalized domain can be achieved, for which the boundary smoothing introduces a small ambiguity in its definition. The scheme is tested for acoustic scenarios, for near incompressible and strongly compressible flows.
A Unified Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Model for Fluid–Structure Interaction Problems Involving Flows in Flexible Channels
Authors: Ryzhakov P. B. , Marti J. , Dialami N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work a finite element-based model for analyzing incompressible flows in flexible channels is presented. The model treats the fluid–solid interaction problem in a monolithic way, where the governing equations for both sub-domains are solved on a single moving grid taking advantage of an arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian framework (ALE). The unified implementation of the governing equations for both sub-domains is developed, where these are distinguished only in terms of the mesh-moving strategy and the constitutive equation coefficients. The unified formulation is derived considering a Newtonian incompressible fluid and a hypoelastic solid. Hypoelastic constitutive law is based on the strain rate and thus naturally facilitates employing velocity as a kinematic variable in the solid. Unifying the form of the governing equations and defining a semi-Lagrangian interface mesh-motion algorithm, one obtains the coupled problem formulated in terms of a unique kinematic variable. Resulting monolithic system is characterized by reduced variable heterogeneity resembling that of a single-media problem. The model used in conjunction with algebraic multigrid linear solver exhibits attractive convergence rates. The model is tested using a 2D and a 3D example.
High Order Discontinuous Cut Finite Element Methods for Linear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with an Interface
Authors: Fu Pei , Frachon Thomas , Kreiss Gunilla , Zahedi Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe develop a family of cut finite element methods of different orders based on the discontinuous Galerkin framework, for hyperbolic conservation laws with stationary interfaces in both one and two space dimensions, and for moving interfaces in one space dimension. Interface conditions are imposed weakly and so that both conservation and stability are ensured. A CutFEM with discontinuous elements in space is developed and coupled to standard explicit time stepping schemes for linear advection problems and the acoustic wave problem with stationary interfaces. In the case of moving interfaces, we propose a space-time CutFEM based on discontinuous elements both in space and time for linear advection problems. We show that the proposed CutFEM are conservative and energy stable. For the stationary interface case an a priori error estimate is proven. Numerical computations in both one and two space dimensions support the analysis, and in addition demonstrate that the proposed methods have the expected accuracy.
Visually Encoded Contact Inspection System for EMATs
Authors: Yung Ka , Garriga-Casanovas Arnau , Khalili Pouyan , Cegla Frederic 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContact inspections are commonly performed in industry to check for defects and degradation, such as corrosion or cracks. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) probes are being deployed with increasing frequency using autonomous robots, especially in harsh environments or in areas where access is restricted and difficult. Together with the NDE measurement, it is important to capture the 3D position of the probe so that the location where the data originated is known. This allows for the generation of 3D maps of the inspection, which ensure full scan coverage, and can be used for inspection reports and to generate digital twins of the structure for asset management. In this paper, a full inspection system integrating a robot mountable stereo camera system together with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) probe and a wireless NDE data acquisition system is presented. The system is capable of capturing and merging 3D positional data of the probe as it is scanned and NDE data. The system design in terms of hardware and software is described in this paper. A set of tests to evaluate its performance on relevant structural components are also presented, and the results are reported and discussed.
“Caught in the Middle! Wealth Inequality and Conflict over Redistribution”
Authors: Lierse Hanna , Lascombes Davy-Kim , Becker Bastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA vast literature documents that wealth inequality has risen throughout advanced democracies, especially the accumulation of wealth among the rich. Yet, instead of increasing wealth redistribution, governments have done the seemingly opposite. Key to understanding why democratic governments do not increase wealth redistribution in times of rising inequalities is to shed light on the public’s preferences. In this paper, we map the public’s redistributive preferences in fourteen countries based on new survey data. We show that traditional socioeconomic cleavages in preferences for wealth redistribution are undermined by diverging mobility expectations. People who expect to climb up the wealth distribution, mostly lower wealth groups, are less supportive of redistribution than people with high stakes of major wealth losses, mainly upper wealth groups. We show that future expectations among the rich and the poor have a highly moderating role for the class conflict over wealth redistribution. Moreover, the middle class, the decisive group in democracies, is highly unresponsive to future prospects. The findings suggest that the middle class does not have much to lose or to win, and therefore, wealth redistribution is of low salience among this group.
Frequentist Model Averaging in Structure Equation Model With Ordinal Data
Authors: Jin Shaobo 
Published: January 2022

In practice, it is common that a best fitting structural equation model (SEM) is selected from a set of candidate SEMs and inference is conducted conditional on the selected model. Such post-selection inference ignores the model selection uncertainty and yields too optimistic inference. Using the largest candidate model avoids model selection uncertainty but introduces a large variation. Jin and Ankargren (Psychometrika 84:84–104, 2019) proposed to use frequentist model averaging in SEM with continuous data as a compromise between model selection and the full model. They assumed that the true values of the parameters depend on n-1/2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Cultural identity central to Native American persistence in science
Authors: Chow-Garcia Nizhoni , Lee Naomi , Svihla Vanessa , Sohn Claira , Willie Scott , Holsti Maija , Wandinger-Ness Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNative Americans are the least represented population in science fields. In recent years, undergraduate and graduate level summer research programs that aimed to increase the number of Native Americans in science have made some progress. As new programs are designed, key characteristics that address science self-efficacy and science identity and provide supports for Native American students’ commitment to a scientific career should be considered. In this study, we used sequential mixed methods to investigate the potential of culturally tailored internship programs on Native American persistence in science. We analyzed surveys (n = 47) and interviews (n = 4) with Native American students to understand their perceptions of themselves in relation to science research and how summer research experiences might develop science identities. Based on regression modeling, science identity, but not science self-efficacy, predicted intent to persist in science. In turn, science self-efficacy and Native American identity predicted science identity, and this suggests cultural identity is central to Native American persistence in science. In interviews, students’ comments reinforced these findings and shed light on students’ reasoning about the kinds of science experiences they sought; specifically, they chose to participate in culturally tailored internships because these programs provided a sense of belonging to the scientific community that did not conflict with their cultural identities. Based on our analysis, we propose an Indigenous science internship model and recommend that agencies target funding for culturally tailored programs from high school through early-investigator levels as well as provide inclusive programmatic and mentoring guidelines.
Transformative change in context—stakeholders’ understandings of leverage at the forest–climate nexus
Authors: Priebe Janina , Reimerson Elsa , Hallberg-Sramek Isabella , Sténs Anna , Sandström Camilla , Mårald Erland 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransformation acquires its meaning within contexts and particular settings where transformative change is experienced, and where people engage in meaning-making. We used the forest–climate nexus in Sweden as an empirical case study, and the leverage-points perspective as an analytical lens. The aim was to investigate contextual leverage for transformative change, and how our use of context and relations shapes our understanding of transformation and leverage for change. The empirical basis was a whole-day workshop, held in both northern and southern Sweden, for local forest stakeholders. To detract from current conflict and barriers to change, we asked the stakeholders to reflect on transformative change in the past and in the future, and the spatio-temporal relations that form the forest–climate nexus. Our analysis suggests that leverage associated with a transformative change in the future is commonly seen as universal and detached from context, reflecting, for example, national and global discourses on forests and climate change. Regarding transformative changes in the past, however, contextual leverage is linked to the community values and pluralism that drove the change in particular situations. Focusing on the complex spatio-temporal relations and meaning-making helps identify how leverage emerges from context, and how leverage also acquires a richer meaning for people experiencing transformative change.
CDK9 inhibitors in multiple myeloma: a review of progress and perspectives
Authors: Borowczak Jędrzej , Szczerbowski Krzysztof , Ahmadi Navid , Szylberg Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrently, multiple myeloma is not yet considered a curable disease. Despite the recent advances in therapy, the average patient lifespan is still unsatisfactory. Recently, CDK9 inhibitors emerged as a suitable agent to overcome resistance and prolong survival in patients with poor diagnoses. Downregulation of c-MYC, XIAP, Mcl-1 and restoration of p53 tumor-suppressive functions seems to play a key role in achieving clinical response. The applicability of the first generation of CDK9 inhibitors was limited due to relatively high toxicity, but the introduction of novel, highly selective drugs, seems to reduce the effects of off-target inhibition. CDK9 inhibitors were able to induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in Doxorubicin-resistant, Lenalidomide-resistant and Bortezomib-resistant cell lines. They seem to be effective in cell lines with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as p53 deletion, t(4; 14) and t(14; 16). In preclinical trials, the application of CDK9 inhibitors led to tumor cells apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition and tumor mass reduction. Synergistic effects between CDK9 inhibitors and either Venetoclax, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide or Erlotinib have been proven and are awaiting verification in clinical trials. Although conclusions should be drawn with due care, obtained reports suggest that including CDK9 inhibitors into the current drug regimen may turn out to be beneficial, especially in poor prognosis patients.
Fredholm Toeplitz Operators on Doubling Fock Spaces
Authors: Hu Zhangjian , Virtanen Jani A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently the authors characterized the Fredholmn properties of Toeplitz operators on weighted Fock spaces when the Laplacian of the weight function is bounded below and above. In the present work the authors extend their characterization to doubling Fock spaces with a subharmonic weight whose Laplacian is a doubling measure. The geometry induced by the Bergman metric for doubling Fock spaces is much more complicated than that of the Euclidean metric used in all the previous cases to study Fredholmness, which leads to considerably more involved calculations.
Some Inequalities and Applications of Simons’ Type Formulas in Riemannian, Affine, and Statistical Geometry
Authors: Opozda Barbara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA few formulas and theorems for statistical structures are proved. They deal with various curvatures as well as with metric properties of the cubic form or its covariant derivative. Some of them generalize formulas and theorems known in the case of Lagrangian submanifolds or affine hypersurfaces.