bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal‐Stable Separators: Design Principles and Strategies Towards Safe Lithium‐Ion Battery Operations
Authors: Lin Wanxin , Wang Feng , Wang Huibo , Li Heng , Fan You , Chan Dan , Chen Shuwei , Tang Yuxin , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are momentous energy storage devices, which have been rapidly developed due to their high energy density, long lifetime, and low self‐discharge rate. However, the frequent occurrence of fire accidents in laptops, electric vehicles, and mobile phones caused by thermal runaway of the inside batteries constantly reminds us of the urgency in pursuing high‐safety LIBs with high performance. To this end, this Review surveyed the state‐of‐the‐art developments of high‐temperature‐resistant separators for highly safe LIBs with excellent electrochemical performance. Firstly, the basic properties of separators (e. g., thickness, porosity, pore size, wettability, mechanical strength, and thermal stability) in constructing commercialized LIBs were introduced. Secondly, the working mechanisms of advanced separators with different melting points acting in the thermal runaway stage were discussed in terms of improving battery safety. Thirdly, rational design strategies for constructing high‐temperature‐resistant separators for LIBs with high safety were summarized and discussed, including graft modification, blend modification, and multilayer composite modification strategies. Finally, the current obstacles and future research directions in the field of high‐temperature‐resistant separators were highlighted. These design ideas are expected to be applied to other types of high‐temperature‐resistant energy storage systems working under extreme conditions.
An efficient switched inductor–capacitor‐based novel non‐isolated high gain SEPIC for solar energy applications
Authors: Chandra Surabhi , Gaur Prerna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe solar photovoltaic (PV) sources have low voltage output and hence cannot be used directly in micro‐grid applications. Therefore, to boost the low voltage output, a novel high gain single‐ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) is proposed in this manuscript. The proposed high gain SEPIC (HGS) has an advantage of obtaining high voltage gain at a low duty ratio and continuous input current, which makes it viable for PV applications. The proposed converter offers simple control, and the high gain is obtained without the use of any transformer or coupled inductor so the semiconductor switch will not experience a voltage overshoot during the turn‐off operation. Hence, the conduction losses of the converter switch are reduced, and the performance of the converter is enhanced. Additionally, this manuscript also investigates the effectiveness of the proposed HGS in integration with the PV array. An extensive performance evaluation of the proposed HGS is investigated and compared with different SEPIC topologies in irradiance change conditions. Experimental implementation of the proposed HGS confirms the theoretical analysis and verifies the performance. Also, the real time (RT) analysis of the proposed HGS with PV array is conducted to show the validation of high gain operation for the PV application.
Fire intensity and ecosystem oligotrophic status drive relative phosphorus release and retention in freshwater marshes
Authors: Nocentini Andrea , Kominoski John S. , O'Brien Joseph J. , Redwine Jed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcosystems have been shaped by fire for millions of years. Many oligotrophic ecosystems rely on fire for biogeochemical cycling and maintenance of key processes. However, it is uncertain how fire intensity interacts with nutrient limitation to drive differential responses in postfire biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem recovery. In this study, we compare pre‐ and postfire carbon and nutrient pools in two adjacent wetlands characterized by either lower or higher phosphorus (P) inputs and thus different levels of P limitation. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P pools and litter and root decomposition rates were measured starting 1 year prefire until 1 year postfire in lower‐P (LP) and higher‐P (HP) freshwater marshes of the Florida Everglades. Dominant vegetation biomass and vegetation composition were monitored as well. Fire energy release was measured to link the causal mechanism, heat transfer, to nutrient fluxes. We observed temporary increases in surface water, periphyton, and leaf tissue P concentrations in both wetland types following fire. Soil P increased and soil C:P and N:P ratios decreased postfire in the LP wetland but did not change in the HP wetland. Prefire soil P was greater in the HP than the LP wetland, but did not differ 1 month or 1 year postfire. Vegetation structure and composition were marginally affected by fire. Fire intensity was highly variable within both wetlands. Increasing fire intensity correlated with increasing accumulation of soil organic matter in the LP wetland, and with increases in decomposition rates in both wetland types, between pre‐ and postfire. Litter and root decomposition rapidly increased with increasing fire intensity, but seemed to stabilize after a certain fire intensity threshold was reached. Our results indicate that fire can temporarily ease P limitation in oligotrophic wetlands, by affecting soil nutrient stoichiometry and organic matter processing, while maintaining vegetation community composition. Further, we identified fire dosing, expressed as the fire radiative energy release, to be an effective control of postfire biogeochemical cycling. Hence, nutrient management should be incorporated into burn prioritization tools and, when applying prescribed fires, natural resource managers should also consider how fire attributes, such as fire intensity, impact nutrient cycling and other soil processes.
Probing charge carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Qiu Cheng , Wagner Lukas , Liu Jiale , Zhang Wenhao , Du Jiankang , Wang Qifei , Hu Yue , Han Hongwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith rocketing power conversion efficiency and continuously enhancing stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown extraordinary potential to become a key player in tomorrow's energy industry. An essential approach to improve the performance and quantify the loss mechanisms of PSCs is the analysis of charge carrier dynamics. Although the structure of PSCs is diverse, the characterization techniques for the dynamic measurement are similar. With the aim of providing researchers with the necessary knowledge to choose suitable measurement methods, this review represents a comprehensive overview of the techniques to assess the entire spectrum of carrier dynamic processes from femtoseconds to many seconds, including charge generation, relaxation, recombination, transport, extraction and collection.image
Stochastic ground motion models to NGA‐West2 and NGA‐Sub databases using Bayesian neural network
Authors: Sreenath Vemula , Raghukanth S. T. G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGround motion models (GMMs) are traditionally developed from a frequentist approach. The Bayesian framework has received recent attention in developing nonergodic models, measuring uncertainty, or updating the model with additional data. However, no neural networks are developed to date in this framework to predict ground motion parameters or spectra. Hence, the present work develops a probabilistic Bayesian neural network (PBNN) to next‐generation attenuation – West2 and Subduction databases using variational inference with mean‐field assumption. Network inputs are magnitude, rupture distance, hypocentral depth, shear wave velocity, style of faulting, and region flags; outputs are peak ground values and response spectra. Both models have two hidden layers with seven neurons in each hidden layer. The models are verified for potential overfit, and their performance is validated through the parametric study by varying inputs. The output of a deterministic model is a point estimate. Considering probabilistic layers in hidden and output layers enables the model to capture within‐model epistemic uncertainty and aleatory variability. Obtained aleatory standard deviations are consistent with other models. Mean epistemic uncertainty and aleatory variability are in the range 0.07–0.10 and 0.62–0.78 (ln units) for NGA‐West2 and 0.09–0.16 and 0.67–0.95 for NGA‐Sub models, respectively. The correlation coefficients between recorded and overall mean predictions ranged from 0.94 to 0.97 for NGA‐the West2 model and from 0.91 to 0.95 for the NGA‐Sub models. Network performance for out‐of‐training inputs showed increased epistemic deviations with no effect on aleatory deviations.
The increased inter‐brain neural synchronization in prefrontal cortex between simulated patient and acupuncturist during acupuncture stimulation: Evidence from functional near‐infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning
Authors: Chen Li , Qu Yuzhu , Cao Jingya , Liu Tianyu , Gong Yulai , Tian Zilei , Xiong Jing , Lin Zhenfang , Yang Xin , Yin Tao , Zeng Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe patient–acupuncturist interaction was a critical influencing factor for acupuncture effects but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the inter‐brain mechanism of patient–acupuncturist dyad during acupuncture stimulation in a naturalistic clinical setting. Seventy healthy subjects (simulated “patients”) were randomly assigned to two groups and received verum acupuncture group or sham acupuncture by one acupuncturist. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning was used to simultaneously record the neural responses of “patient”–acupuncturist dyad during acupuncture stimulation in each group. The results showed that inter‐brain neural synchronization (INS) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of “patient”–acupuncturist dyad was significantly increased during verum but not sham acupuncture stimuli, and positively correlated with the needling sensations of “patients.” Granger causality analysis demonstrated that there were no significant differences in INS direction between the “patient” and the acupuncturist. This study identified the increase of INS between “patient” and acupuncturist, and suggested that PFC was important to the interaction of “patient”–acupuncturist dyad.
Multimodal and Multiscale Characterization of the Bone‐Bacteria Interface in a Case of Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Micheletti Chiara , DiCecco Liza‐Anastasia , Larsson Wexell Cecilia , Binkley Dakota M. , Palmquist Anders , Grandfield Kathryn , Shah Furqan A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a known side effect of bisphosphonates (BPs). Although bacterial infection is usually present, the etiology of MRONJ remains unknown. Here we apply a multimodal and multiscale (micro‐to‐nano) characterization approach to investigate the interface between necrotic bone and bacteria in MRONJ. A non‐necrotic bone sample was used as control. Both necrotic and non‐necrotic bone samples were collected from the jaw of a female individual affected by MRONJ after using BPs for 23 years. For the first time, resin cast etching was used to expose bacteria at the necrotic site. The bone–bacteria interface was also resolved at the nanoscale by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Nanosized particulates, likely corresponding to degraded bone mineral, were often noted in close proximity to or enclosed by the bacteria. STEM also revealed that the bone–bacteria interface is composed of a hypermineralized front fading into a highly disordered region, with decreasing content of calcium and phosphorus, as assessed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). This, combined with the variation in calcium, phosphorus, and carbon across the necrotic bone–bacteria interface evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the lower mineral‐to‐matrix ratio measured by micro‐Raman spectroscopy in necrotic bone, indicates the absence of a mineralization front in MRONJ. It appears that the bone–bacteria interface originates not only from uncontrolled mineralization but also from the direct action of bacteria degrading the bone matrix. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adolescence in lockdown: The protective role of mentalizing and epistemic trust
Authors: Locati Francesca , Milesi Alberto , Conte Federica , Campbell Chloe , Fonagy Peter , Ensink Karin , Parolin Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveMentalizing is the ability to interpret one's own and others' behavior as driven by intentional mental states. Epistemic trust (openness to interpersonally transmitted information) has been associated with mentalizing. Balanced mentalizing abilities allow people to cope with external and internal stressors. Studies show that social isolation imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic was highly stressful for most people, especially for adolescents. Here we examine whether mentalizing and epistemic trust were protective factors in relation to emotional distress during the lockdown.MethodA total of 131 nonclinical adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, were evaluated during the lockdown using the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Perceived Stress Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.ResultsResults from network analysis showed that epistemic trust and mentalizing were negatively associated with perceived stress and emotion dysregulation. Epistemic trust in fathers was associated with level of perceived stress, and epistemic trust in mothers with emotion dysregulation.ConclusionThese findings suggest that epistemic trust and the capacity to mentalize were low in adolescents during lockdown, and this was associated with high levels of stress. However, robust levels of epistemic trust and mentalizing may have acted as protective factors that buffered individuals from the risk of emotional dysregulation during the lockdown.
The acceptance of SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid antigen self‐testing: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Wu Fan , Yuan Yue , Li Yanjun , Yin Di , Lang Bing , Zhao Yangguo , Fan Xueying , Zou Huachun , Zhang Chunhuan , Zeng Xiangyue , Sun Caijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) rapid antigen self‐testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 RAST. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS‐CoV‐2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self‐efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS‐CoV‐2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS‐CoV‐2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS‐CoV‐2 RAST.
Saline‐alkali land amendment and value development: Microalgal biofertilizer for efficient production of a halophytic crop ‐ Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Ma Chen , Lei Chun‐Yan , Zhu Xiao‐Li , Ren Cheng‐Gang , Liu Ning , Liu Zheng‐Yi , Du Hong , Tang Tao , Li Run‐Zhi , Cui Hong‐Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSaline‐alkali land amendment and value development should be conducted simultaneously, and microalgal biofertilizer may provide an efficient solution. Here, a saline‐alkali tolerant algae was selected and applied to saline‐alkali land to reveal its effects on land amendment and quinoa production. The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa showed best growth and photosynthetic characteristics with increasing saline‐alkali stress. Whether planting quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Longli No. 1) or not, the application of C. pyrenoidosa supplied soil available nutrients, held water retention, and notably the organic matter of saline‐alkali land with quinoa cultivation after algal maximum dose (OD680 = 2.0) showed 64.7% more content than the control. Saline‐alkali land caused 23.7% yield loss of quinoa, which was attributed to organic lack (3.093 g kg−1) and saline‐alkali conditions (pH 9.49 and 119.3 mS m−1 electrical conductivity). Algal addition improved the chlorophyll synthesis and effective quantum yield of quinoa, enhanced more absorbed light energy to involve in photosynthesis rather than heat dissipation, and promoted the synthesis of osmotic regulatory substances (soluble sugar and protein) and antioxidant (anthocyanin) to alleviated osmotic and oxidative stresses. The growth improvement of quinoa confirmed the greater effect of stress alleviation than growth stimulation that reflected 41.7% and 28.6% yield increases in saline‐alkali and nonsaline‐alkali lands. Overall, saline‐alkali tolerant alga adjusted overground and underground parts, including amending soil properties as organic addition and nutrient supply, and strengthening the tolerance of quinoa to saline‐alkali environment. This assessment supports a sustainable practice of applying stress tolerant alga for land amendment and halophytic crop production to develop saline‐alkali land value.
Online retailers' price structure decisions in competitive markets: A structure–conduct–performance framework
Authors: Wang Hu , Li Di , Jiang Changbin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is theoretical and managerial significant to explore the determinants of retailers' decisions between a combined price structure and a partitioned price structure and the effect of their decisions on a manufacturer's product sales in competitive markets. Based on the structure–conduct–performance framework, we reveal that market structure‐related characteristics, such as the number of retailers, the degree of retailer differentiation, whether a dominant retailer in the market, and the number of product substitutes, significantly affect retailers' price structure decisions. Furthermore, more retailers adopting a combined price structure decrease the product sales, although the size of retailers mitigates this effect.
Mapping the myelin bilayer with short‐T2 MRI: Methods validation and reference data for healthy human brain
Authors: Baadsvik Emily Louise , Weiger Markus , Froidevaux Romain , Faigle Wolfgang , Ineichen Benjamin Victor , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo explore the properties of short‐T2 signals in human brain, investigate the impact of various experimental procedures on these properties and evaluate the performance of three‐component analysis.MethodsEight samples of non‐pathological human brain tissue were subjected to different combinations of experimental procedures including D2O exchange and frozen storage. Short‐T2 imaging techniques were employed to acquire multi‐TE (33–2067 μs) data, to which a three‐component complex model was fitted in two steps to recover the properties of the underlying signal components and produce amplitude maps of each component. For validation of the component amplitude maps, the samples underwent immunohistochemical myelin staining.ResultsThe signal component representing the myelin bilayer exhibited super‐exponential decay with T2,min of 5.48 μs and a chemical shift of 1.07 ppm, and its amplitude could be successfully mapped in both white and gray matter in all samples. These myelin maps corresponded well to myelin‐stained tissue sections. Gray matter signals exhibited somewhat different components than white matter signals, but both tissue types were well represented by the signal model. Frozen tissue storage did not alter the signal components but influenced component amplitudes. D2O exchange was necessary to characterize the non‐aqueous signal components, but component amplitude mapping could be reliably performed also in the presence of H2O signals.ConclusionsThe myelin mapping approach explored here produced reasonable and stable results for all samples. The extensive tissue and methodological investigations performed in this work form a basis for signal interpretation in future studies both ex vivo and in vivo.
Preparation and characterization of photo‐decomposable ester‐containing semi‐alicyclic polyimide alignment layers for potential applications in in‐plane switching thin‐film transistor liquid crystal display devices
Authors: Zhi Xin‐Xin , Wang Hua‐Sen , Jia Jie , Wang Xiao‐Lei , Gao Yan‐Shuang , Chen Shu‐Jing , Liu Jin‐Gang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly(amic acid)s (PAAs) alignment agents have been prepared from the alicyclic dianhydrides, including 1,2,3,4‐cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA, I), 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DMCBDA, II), and ester‐linked aromatic diamines, including 4‐aminophenyl‐4′‐aminobenzoate (APAB, a) and bis(4‐aminophenyl)terephthalate (BPTP, b), respectively. The derived PAAs, including PAA‐Ia (CBDA‐APAB), PAA‐Ib (CBDA‐BPTP), and PAA‐IIa (DMCBDA‐APAB) exhibited the preferable molecular weights, while the PAA‐IIb (DMCBDA‐BPTP) showed the low one due to the low polymerization reactivity both for the DMCBDA dianhydride and the BPTP diamine. All the PAA solutions except PAA‐IIb were adopted as the alignment components to fabricate liquid crystal (LC) minicells with a mode of in‐plane switching (IPS). The polyimides (PI) alignment layers derived from the thermal dehydration reaction of the PAA precursors at 230°C for 30 min showed good alignments effects to the LC molecules, which exhibited the pretilt angles (θp) from 0.09 to 0.15° after being exposed by the linear polarized ultraviolet light sources with the wavelength of 254 nm. In addition, the PI alignment layers afforded good optoelectronic features to the minicells, including the voltage holding ratio values over 97% at room temperature, and the residual direct circuit voltages lower than 1.0 V. The anchoring energy results indicated that the PI‐IIa (DMCBDA‐APAB) alignment layer showed the highest interaction with the LC molecules, and thus exhibited the highest threshold voltage (Vth) in the voltage‐transmittance (V‐T) measurements for the minicells.