bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability Testing of the LucidGloves Prototype 4 for Extended Reality Medical Teaching
Authors: Burbach Simon , Steiger Annika , Gießer Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current information era provides the population with new innovative technologies, including extended reality (XR). These innovations enhance their scope with new opportunities. While extended reality found its way into medical teaching, its application is limmited. Causal is the lack of haptic feedback, which limits the immersive experience. While simulation devices exist, haptic gloves are oftentimes only applicable for enterprise use and not available for everyone, because of their high prices. Therefore Lucas VRTech developed the LucidGloves to allow a widespread use of cheap haptic gloves. In this paper, a suitability test is performed to determine whether the Prototype 4 of the LucidGloves is suitable for use in medical teaching, based on expert interviews with four physicians.
In vitro biostability of cardiac pacemaker lead insulations under static mechanical loading
Authors: Pfensig Sylvia , Arbeiter Daniela , Stiehm Michael , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patients with cardiac arrhythmias are currently treated with conventional transvenous rhythm implants. Complications are frequently associated with intracardiac implanted leads primary insulated by silicone and polyurethane. However, experiences show that polyurethanes in particular are susceptible to various degradation mechanisms including hydrolysis, environmental stress cracking (ESC) and metal ion induced oxidation (MIO). In vivo, pacemaker leads are exposed to a complex thermal, chemical, mechanical and biological loading. The current study focusses on in vitro analyses to assess the biostability of Pellethane 2363 55D and the silicone MED 4765 as cardiac pacemaker lead insulations. Degradation processes were simulated in vitro in a load-free state and under static mechanical loading by subjecting a coaxial lead design to bending radii from 3 mm to 19 mm. Physiological environmental conditions were mimicked using a physiological saline solution and a tempered oxidative solution. Surface morphological and thermal analyses were performed before and after in vitro testing by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry. Melting temperatures of silicones around 40°C were measured, before and after in vitro testing, respectively. Pellethane insulation layers had two endothermal melting regions at 100°C and 170°C before and a third melting region at 45°C after in vitro testing. The additional melting peak may indicate a change of thermal material properties due to degradation. SEM images showed degradation phenomena similar to in vivo studies, varying in severity and depending on the bending radius. Thus, the relevance of mechanical loading for in vitro replication of clinically relevant lead insulation degradation was demonstrated.
Influence of temperature-dependent tissue parameters on monopolar coagulation model
Authors: Busch Christoph , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Moeller Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of high-frequency (HF) generators for HF surgical treatment of biological tissue has become an indispensable part of today's surgical applications of all kinds. Generally, HF alternating electric currents between 300 kHz and 1 MHz are used to induce hemostasis by heating at the cellular level. This effect can be attributed to Joule heating, in which a current dissipated conductor converts the electrical energy into thermal energy. However, sound evidence on the reliability and effectiveness of application-specific HF generator modes is not sufficiently available. Usually, the evidence takes place empirically by means of preclinical or clinical studies. Nevertheless, a corresponding empirical data collection is time- and cost-intensive. Therefore, physiological and statistical modeling provides the opportunity to relate tissue response to the applied electrical energy to obtain a prediction of the tissue reaction. In this contribution, we establish a monopolar coagulation model of an already well-known model approach based on Pennes bioheat equation. Additionally, the vaporization of tissue water at the water boiling point is considered. Furthermore, a variation of temperature-dependent tissue parameters was performed to analyze their impact on the model output. The simulation results demonstrate that the initial electrical conductivity has the greatest influence on the temperature distribution as well as on the time until the tissue temperature reached the boiling point of water. In contrast, the tissue water content has the least impact on the model output. Depending on the desired coagulation effect, HF power control as a function of electrical conductivity or its reciprocal, tissue resistance, must be added next in an improved model.
Robustness evaluation on different training state of a CNN model
Authors: Ding Ning , Möller Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proved to be successful in many applications such as image processing. However, even imperceptible perturbations applied to the images can make the neural network performance unreliable. To guarantee an accurate performance in safety critical fields, it is necessary to assess the robustness of CNN solutions before launching. Adversarial attack is a machine learning approach to generate perturbations on real samples to detect the vulnerability of CNN. In this paper, we will use an adversarial attack technique to evaluate a CNN at different training states. The model was trained to perform surgical tool classification task, which was applied to recognize surgical tool in Cholecystectomy to further analyze surgical process. The experiments demonstrate the relation between training states and robustness, i.e. the robustness improved at higher training states, especially for some particular classes. In future work, additional training with generated adversarial images may improve the robustness of the model.
Validation of a Fluid Structure Interaction Model for TAVR using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Borowski Finja , Ott Robert , Oldenburg Jan , Kaule Sebastian , Öner Alper , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Stiehm Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The implantation of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis improves pathologic blood flow through the aortic valve, but still alters hemodynamics in comparison to a healthy native aortic valve. The hemodynamic characteristics of TAVR are associated with hypo-attenuating leaflet thickening and prosthetic leaflet thrombosis, which may reduce the durability of TAVR. For this reason we developed a numerical model to identify pro-thrombotic regions of TAVR based on the velocity field. In silico models have already been proven to be an effective tool for device optimization in other medical device applications. However, when using an in silico model, it is important to validate the model assumptions with experimental data or analytical solutions to confirm the accuracy of the model. In this study, we present an approach to validate a complex numerical Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) model used to simulate leaflet kinematics and flow in the vicinity of a TAVR. Based on the recommendation of ISO 5840 (2021), a combined validation of the kinematic and fluid dynamic parameters was performed for this purpose. The leaflet kinematic was investigated via high-speed recordings and evaluated based on the Geometric Orifice Area (GOA). The velocity field of the TAVR was determined experimentally using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The evaluation of the GOA showed a good agreement of the in silico model with the in vitro data for the systolic duration. The occurring velocities were qualitatively compared during peak systole for three planes and showed similar flow characteristics. The maximum velocity was 1.1 m/s in the in vitro and in silico model. Based on the results, it can be assumed that the numerical FSI model of the TAVR can be used for thrombosis risk assessment.
Network Architecture Influence on Facial Emotion Recognition
Authors: Arabian Herag , Wagner-Hartl Verena , Moeller Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence has been blending into daily life by means of many useful applications from voice command to facial recognition. One therapeutic application to be supported by AI solutions is treatment of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A closed loop feedback system is planned in conjunction with a novel reward system that will encourage the user to express emotions and be rewarded for it in a virtual environment. In this work five popular neural network architectures of VGG16, ResNet50, GoogleNet, ShuffleNet and EfficientNetb0 are studied and compared, with the aim of finding a relation between accuracy and developed features based on the architecture, for the application in Facial Emotion Recognition (FER). Three datasets were used, the OULU-CASIA for training and validation, alongside FACES and JAFFE for robustness analysis. The images were first preprocessed to eliminate background noise. The performance of the model was based on the true positive predictions with Grad-CAM prediction visualizations to visualize the focus of the networks in making decisions for classification. Results showed that deep network architectures with high parameter space performed best, with architecture design showing more influence on the region of focus than on classification results. This is attributed to the different layer combinations as well as parameters used for feature extraction. Shallow depth networks with high parameter space performed better than deep networks with low parameter space for FER application.
Characterization of Using Infused PLA for 3D Printed Radiation Shielding
Authors: Elmoujarkach Ezzat , Seeger Steven , Schareck Constantin , Graaf Leoni de , Barkhausen Jörg , Rafecas Magdalena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
3D printing has been integrated in various applications in biomedical and medical imaging. A prominent new field is that of radiation protection and shielding, where the introduction of infused filaments makes it possible to manufacture customized 3D printed shielding. In this study we examine the use of a Polylactic Acid (PLA) infused with tungsten to shield a Positron Emission Tomography / Computer Tomography (PET/CT) scanner. The goal is to reduce the effects of the radiation emitted from outside the field-of-view (FOV) on the PET image and to protect the PET electronics against the X-rays from the CT. The shielding properties were examined using the radioactive sources Ba-133, Na-22, and Cs-137, as well as two X-ray sources with energy ranging from 20 to 125 kV. For X-rays below 40 kV, less than 1 cm of the tungsten infused shielding was sufficient to block more than 95% of the X-ray beam intensity. However, only around 30% of the 511-keV rays from Na-22 was attenuated by 3.5 cm of the 3D printed material. Our results support the application of tungsten infused PLA materials to shield the PET electronics. However, further studies are required to determine if shielding the PET crystals with tungsten infused PLA can improve image quality by reducing the contribution of scattered rays from outside the FOV. Additionally, our results show new possibilities for the use of infused filament in the field of Xray imaging. For example, where lead coverings or skirts are excessively bulky or rigid, it could be employed to optimize shielding for radiation-sensitive organs.
Separating Respiration and Perfusion in EIT: Harmonic Analysis on 2D-Thorax Simulation
Authors: Stein Erik , Chen Rongqing , Battistel Alberto , Moeller Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has the potential for monitoring perfusion in addition to respiration on the bedside. Several separation methods were reported, e.g. Filtering, ECG-gating and PCA. However, the separation is not trivial, which is why harmonic analysis was introduced in EIT data analysis. It is based on several assumptions and therefore prove of plausibility is necessary. In this contribution a two-dimensional thorax simulation is introduced, which includes simplified lungs and heart with changing shapes and conductivities due to volume variations and lung perfusion. Harmonic analysis was applied on the simulated data. The separation results are in good agreement with the simulation settings. Further investigations will be required due to limitations of the simulation. Nevertheless, harmonic analysis delivered precise results in ideal and strictly defined conditions.
Cholestasis and congenital neuroblastoma in a preterm neonate: a case report
Authors: Puvabanditsin Surasak , Guillermo Melissa , Cheng Yisha , Sudol Olga , Mehta Rajeev 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common tumor during perinatal period. The clinical features of NB occurring in fetuses and neonates differ from that in the older age groups. Frequently, Congenital neuroblastomas are incidentally detected prenatally. Clinical presentations of NBs in neonates are highy variable.

Case presentation
A 24-day old preterm 32 weeks’ gestation male neonate developed cholestasis that lead to the diagnosis of stage MS neuroblastoma. There was no NB primary site identified.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of metastatic NB (Stage MS) in a preterm neonate presenting with cholestsis but without any identifiable adrenal or extra-adrenal primary.
The Heaven-Earth Cosmic Faith and the Universality of Confucian Ethics
Authors: Li Cunshan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ritual practice of making sacrificial offerings to Heaven and Earth, named respectively Jiao and She, existed in the Western Zhou period. In classical Chinese culture, Heaven and Earth were paired and named “father” and “mother” of humanity and all things. This points to the “this-worldly” nature—vis à vis “other-worldly” nature—of the highest deity in Chinese faith, who existed in a “continuity of being” with humans on the Earth. “Heaven and Earth are parents of all creatures, and of those, Man is the most highly accomplished.” Such a notion synthesizes the cosmic law of nature and human centric ethics, creating a unity of nature and human society through “oneness of virtue.” The Confucian tenets proposing that human nature is innately good, and the need for the pursuit of moral self-cultivation, are fundamental to the ideology. More importantly, so too are such universal virtues as “being lovingly disposed to people in general, and kind to all creatures and things,” and the affirmation that “all people (are) brothers and sisters of oneself; all creatures and living things one’s equals,” as well as “all under Heaven (is) one family, and the nation, one person.”
Complementary interfaces for visual computing
Authors: Zagermann Johannes , Hubenschmid Sebastian , Balestrucci Priscilla , Feuchtner Tiare , Mayer Sven , Ernst Marc O. , Schmidt Albrecht , Reiterer Harald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With increasing complexity in visual computing tasks, a single device may not be sufficient to adequately support the user’s workflow. Here, we can employ multi-device ecologies such as cross-device interaction, where a workflow can be split across multiple devices, each dedicated to a specific role. But what makes these multi-device ecologies compelling? Based on insights from our research, each device or interface component must contribute a complementary characteristic to increase the quality of interaction and further support users in their current activity. We establish the term complementary interfaces for such meaningful combinations of devices and modalities and provide an initial set of challenges. In addition, we demonstrate the value of complementarity with examples from within our own research.
Informed Consent and Deception in Psychological Research?
Authors: Patry Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To obtain reliable results, some psychological experiments need to involve the deception of human subjects. This contradicts the ethical principle of autonomy and the process of informed consent that is required to ensure the subjects’ autonomy. Some solutions to this dilemma have been proposed, but all of them have drawbacks. As solution I propose a procedure that combines proxy consent and prior consent.
Wittgensteinian Epistemology and Cartesian Skepticism
Authors: Salvatore Nicola Claudio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I present and criticize a number of inuential anti-skeptical strategies inspired by Wittgenstein's remarks on `hinges'. Furthermore, I argue that, following Wittgen- stein's analogy between `hinges' and `rules of grammar', we should be able to get rid of Cartesian skeptical scenarios as nonsensical, even if apparently intelligible, combinations of signs
Essentiality without Necessity
Authors: Sandstad Petter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is widely accepted that if a property is essential then it is necessary. Against this I present numerous counterexamples from biology and chemistry, which fall into two groups: (I) A property is essential to a genus or species, yet some instances of this genus or species do not have this essential property. (II) A property is essential to a genus, yet some species of this genus do not have this essential property. I discuss and reject four minor objections. Then I discuss in depth whether a distinction between constitutive essence and consequential essence is able to handle these counterexamples. I conclude that this distinction is better put as one between (1) the essence, which is necessary, and (2) the essential properties, which are not formally necessary. An essence of an object X is the substantial universal expressed by its real definition. An object X has a property P essentially if the property P is explanatory and non-trivial, and P follows from the essence of X.
Another Counterexample to Markov Causation from Quantum Mechanics: Single Photon Experiments and the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Retzlaff Nina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The theory of causal Bayes nets [15, 19] is, from an empirical point of view, currently one of the most promising approaches to causation on the market. There are, however, counterexamples to its core axiom, the causal Markov condition. Probably the most serious of these counterexamples are EPR/B experiments in quantum mechanics (cf. [13, 23]). However, these are also the only counterexamples yet known from the quantum realm. One might therefore wonder whether they are the only phenomena in the quantum realm that create problems for causal Bayes nets. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that not only the phenomenon of quantum correlations in EPR/B experiments create problems for causal Bayes nets, but also the temporal evolution of quantum systems, which is described as dualistic by quantum mechanics. For this purpose, it is shown that single photon experiments in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) violate the causal Markov condition as well. It is then argued, however, that the Markov violation does not occur under the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of Bohmian mechanics.
Why Moral Heuristics can Lead to Mistaken Moral Judgments
Authors: Nadurak Vitaliy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given the lack of generally accepted moral standards, one of the controversial questions for those who investigate moral heuristics is whether we can argue that moral heuristics can lead to mistaken moral judgments. This paper suggests that, even if we agree that moral standards are different and chosen subjectively, deviations from them are possible and we can prove such deviations in a logically correct way. However, in this case, it must be admitted that not every deviation is a mistake. Deviation becomes a mistake only when a person departs from the standard which she or he considers as right. There are cases where it is impossible to establish the fact of a mistake: when a person chooses a moral standard post hoc, in the light of which the decision would be right (only when there is a deviation from all moral standards which a person considers as right, it is possible to recognize the decision as mistaken). Accepting the idea of the subjectivity of a moral standard, it is also necessary to accept the idea of relativity of moral heuristics: the normative standard chosen by a person also determines which method of moral decision making will be considered as a heuristic.
Shooting method in the application of boundary value problems for differential equations with sign-changing weight function
Authors: Yue Xu , Xiaoling Han 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use the shooting method to study the solvability of the boundary value problem of differential equations with sign-changing weight function:

u

″

(

t

)

+

(

λ

a

+

(

t

)

−
μ

a

−

(

t

)

)

g

(

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)

=
0
,

0
<
t
<
T
,

u
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(

0

)

=
0
,

u
′

(

T

)

=
0
,

\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{l}{u}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(t)+\left(\lambda {a}^{+}\left(t)-\mu {a}^{-}\left(t))g\left(u)=0,\hspace{1.0em}0\lt t\lt T,\\ u^{\prime} \left(0)=0,\hspace{1.0em}u^{\prime} \left(T)=0,\end{array}\right.

where

a
∈
L

[

0
,
T

]

a\in L\left[0,T]

is sign-changing and the nonlinearity

g
:

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→
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g:{[}0,\infty )\to {\mathbb{R}}

is continuous such that

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(

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1

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=
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(

2

)

=
0

g\left(0)=g\left(1)=g\left(2)=0

,

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(

s

)

>
0

g\left(s)\gt 0

for

s
∈

(

0
,
1

)

s\in \left(0,1)

,

g

(

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)

<
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g\left(s)\lt 0

for

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∈

(

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2

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.
Development of a novel heat- and shear-resistant nano-silica gelling agent
Authors: Liu Yunfeng , Tang Yongfan , Chang Qiuhao , Ma Chentao , He Shunhua , Yuan Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The efficient and sustainable development of deep marine carbonate rock reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin has higher technical requirements for reservoir acidizing alteration technology. However, the acidification effect of deep marine carbonate rock reservoirs was hampered by the drawbacks such as uncontrollable acidification rate of the reservoir, the large friction resistance, and the great acid filtration. A novel heat- and shear-resistant nano-silica gelling agent CTG-1 is prepared based on nano-silica and combined with amide compounds. The influence of different factors on the acid filtration performance and heat- and shear-resistant capacity of carbonate rock reservoirs were analyzed, and then the mechanism of nano-silica gelling agent for acid filtration reduction in carbonate rock reservoirs is revealed. The research results showed that the filtration resistance of acid solution decreases slightly with the increase in the content of nano-silica gelling agent and reservoir pressure. The viscosity, fluid loss coefficient, and friction-reducing rate are as high as 25 mPa s, 2.4 × 10−2 m3 min1/2, and 71%, respectively, showing significantly better result than that of commonly used commercial gelling agents. The development of nano-silica gelling agent provides a reliable reference for effectively improving the acidification and stimulation effect of deep marine carbonate rock reservoirs.