bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Depositors Respond to Banks’ Social Performance?
Authors: Chen Yi-Chun , Hung Mingyi , Wang Lynn Linghuan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We study whether and how banks’ social performance affects depositors, who hold demandable debt with pervasive government protection. Exploiting the regulatory releases of bank performance ratings for community development and a difference-in-differences design, we find a decline in deposit growth after the release of negative bank social performance. In addition, deposits that are impacted by the negative events flow to nearby banks with high social performance. Further analyses find that the results hold similarly among insured and uninsured deposits and are primarily driven by banks with a large proportion of deposits from high-trust and pro-social counties, and in poor information environments. Overall, we contribute to the literature by documenting the importance of social performance to nonshareholder stakeholders and providing implications for bank stability.
JEL Classifications: D82; G21; M14.
Do Companies Redact Material Information from Confidential SEC Filings? Evidence from the FAST Act
Authors: Thompson Anne M. , Urcan Oktay , Yoon Hayoung 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Securities and Exchange Commission permits companies to redact proprietary information from material contract filings, so long as the redacted information (1) would cause competitive harm if disclosed, and (2) the information is legally immaterial. Because these joint criteria are inherently contradictory, we examine whether legally immaterial redacted information is economically material to investors. We find that firms’ stock price discovery process is significantly slower and insider trading is significantly greater after companies file redacted contracts compared to nonredacted contracts. We then examine the impact of the 2019 FAST Act, which reduced the SEC’s oversight of redacted contracts. Companies redact more frequently and insider trading (but not speed of stock price discovery) is more pronounced after the FAST Act. Taken together, these findings suggest that at least some redacted information is economically material to investors and that reducing SEC oversight of redacted information may not be in investors’ best interests.
JEL Classifications: M41.
Nonsurgical orthodontic correction of facial asymmetry by condylar remodeling and mandibular repositioning following occlusal cant correction with microimplants: a case report
Authors: Kim Ho-Jin , Noh Hyung-Kyu , Park Hyo-Sang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTRecently, the demand for correcting facial asymmetry has been increasing, even when the extent of asymmetry is small. This case report describes nonsurgical orthodontic treatment for facial asymmetry in a 13-year-old female patient, facilitated by moving the deviant mandible to the nondeviated side after correcting for relevant dental compensation using microimplants. Mandibular repositioning was attempted using intermaxillary elastics between the microimplants placed into each jaw and guided by resin that was bonded on the maxillary first molar of the deviated side. To enhance mandibular movement, correction of the transverse occlusal cant and buccolingual inclination of the teeth were also performed. After 65 months of gradual treatment, facial symmetry, with favorable occlusion and jaw function, was achieved. These satisfactory results, including a well-balanced face and good occlusal interdigitation, were well maintained at the 53-month follow-up. Direct and functional forces applied against deviant functional forces can reduce facial asymmetry by differential growth or modeling of the condyle.
Comparison of two different therapeutic approaches for skeletal Class II patients with temporomandibular degenerative joint disease
Authors: Qin Xueyan , He Yuyan , Zhang Shouyu , Jin Ni , Yang Zhi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare two different therapeutic approaches for skeletal Class II patients with temporomandibular degenerative joint disease.

Materials and Methods
A total of 47 patients were included in this study. Group anterior repositioning splint (ARS) was treated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc surgery followed by an ARS and camouflage orthodontic treatment. Group stabilization splint (SS) was treated with an SS followed by orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. Cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs and measurements of condylar height were evaluated before and after splints.

Results
In group ARS, mandibular advancement was observed after treatment in 21 of 24 patients (87.5%). The SNB angle increased by an average of 1.40 ± 1.01°. The ANB angle, overjet, Wits, and convexity decreased. Facial angle and soft tissue N Vert to pogonion increased. Vertically, MP-FH, MP-SN, y-axis, and vertical ratio decreased and ANS-Me/N-Me and S-Go/N-Me increased, suggesting a counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. In group SS, 18 of 23 patients (78.3%) showed a backward change tendency. The SNB angle reduced by 0.90 ± 0.93°. The ANB angle, overjet, Wits, convexity, and y-axis increased. The facial angle and soft tissue N Vert to soft tissue pogonion (ST N Vert to ST pogonion) decreased. Magnetic resonance imaging showed condylar height increased by 1.45 ± 3.05 mm (P = .002) in group ARS. In group SS, condylar height change was not consistent.

Conclusions
TMJ disc surgery followed by ARS promoted condylar bone remodeling and regeneration. The SNB angle increased, and the severity of skeletal Class II was improved. The SS enabled the mandible to withdraw backward and revealed a retrognathic but true mandible position.
Reliability and Validity of the Dental Anxiety Question Used With Children
Authors: Heima Masahiro , Stehli Kelsey 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Dental fear screening is an important part of providing a positive pediatric dental experience. To improve efficiency, the development of a single-item dental fear assessment tool for children has been desired. In this psychometric analysis, the reliability and validity of the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) is studied when used in children aged 7 to 18 years.

Methods:
Participants completed the DAQ (pre-tx-DAQ), the Children's Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and a demographic information questionnaire before treatment. Participants repeated the DAQ after treatment (post-tx-DAQ) and once more at least 2 weeks later (follow-up-DAQ). Stability reliability within the DAQ scores and criterion validity with the CFSS-DS were evaluated.

Results:
Stability reliability analyses between pre-tx-DAQ/post-tx-DAQ and post-tx-DAQ/follow-up-DAQ demonstrated significant positive correlations: Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.420, rs2 = 0.18, P &lt; .001, and rs = 0.563, rs2 = 0.32, P &lt; .001, respectively. Criterion validity analysis between the pre-tx-DAQ and CFSS-DS also demonstrated a significant correlation: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.584, r2 = 0.34, P &lt; .001.

Conclusion:
The stability reliability and criterion validity of the DAQ was proved among children.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Sore Throat After Nasotracheal Intubation
Authors: Tsukamoto Masanori , Taura Shiori , Kadowaki Sayuri , Hitosugi Takashi , Miki Yoichiro , Yokoyama Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Postoperative sore throat is relatively frequent complication after orotracheal intubation. However, there are few reports about postoperative sore throat in nasotracheal intubation. In this retrospective study, we investigated the risk factors of postoperative sore throat in nasotracheal intubation.

Methods:
Anesthesia records of patients 16 to 80 years of age who underwent nasotracheal intubation were included. Patients underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery from February 2015 until September 2018. Airway device (Macintosh laryngoscope, Pentax-AWS, or McGRATH video laryngoscope, or fiberoptic scope), sex, age, height, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, intubation attempts, duration of intubation, intubation time, tube size, and fentanyl and remifentanil dose were investigated. Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Welch t test, and Steel-Dwass multiple test were used, and a multivariable analysis was performed using stepwise logistic regression to determine the risk factors of postoperative sore throat.

Results:
A total of 169 cases were analyzed, and 126 patients (74.6%) had a postoperative sore throat. Based on the univariate analysis of the data, 12 factors were determined to be potentially related to the occurrence of a postoperative sore throat. However, after evaluation using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the 2 remaining variables that correlated with postoperative sore throat were airway device (P &lt; .05) and intubation attempts (P = .04). In the model using logistic regression analysis, the fiberoptic scope had the strongest influence on the incidence of sore throat with reference to Pentax-AWS (odds ratio = 5.25; 95% CI = 1.54–17.92; P &lt; .05).

Conclusion:
Use of a fiberoptic scope was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative throat discomfort. Compared with direct laryngoscopy and other video laryngoscopes, the use of a fiberoptic scope had a significantly higher incidence of sore throat.
Parental stress and dedication to the education of their children among parents from eastern Peru
Authors: Tucto-Claudio Jhomira , Navarro Uriaz , Aranda-Turpo Jessica , Cjuno Julio 
Published: October 2022

Background: The parental stress levels increased during their children's virtual education season. This makes parents feel overwhelmed by the demands of the parental role, promoting negative feelings about themselves or their children. Therefore, the aim is to determine the relationship between parental stress and dedication to the virtual education of their children in parents from the city of Tingo Maria, Peru. Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive non-experimental design study with a correlational scope. The instruments used in the data collection were: The parental Stress Scale and the Questionnaire Dedication to the Virtual Education of their Children, in which 356 parents aged 18 to 59 years (Me=37; SD=7.49) from the Peruvian Amazon dedicated to agriculture participated. Results: Where it was found that there is no relationship between parental stress and dedication to the virtual education of children (rho = -0.096; p = 0.071). However, a highly significant relationship was found between the dimensions of parental rewards (rho = 0.384; p=0.000) and stress factors (rho = -0.270; p = 0.000) with the variable dedication to virtual education with moderate effect size and small respectively. Likewise, significant differences were found between parental stress according to marital status (U= 12056.0, p<0.05, d= 1.703) and children's dedication to virtual education according to age (U=3360.0, p<0.05, d= 1.343). Conclusions: In the parents who participated in the study, the greater the stressors, the lower the dedication to their children's virtual education, and an increase in parental reward increased the dedication to their children's virtual education. Further studies can explore the relationship of these variables in parents with other socioeconomic conditions and representative samples from other regions.
Optimization of Yeast Cultivation Factors for Improved SCP Production
Authors: Raita Svetlana , Kusnere Zane , Spalvins Kriss , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Yeast Single-Cell Proteins (SCP) production using various agro-industrial byproducts and wastes have significant potential as an alternative to the soy meal, and fish meal protein used for livestock and aquaculture feeds. The use of organic wastes as a substrate in the fermentation processes can be accepted as one of the solutions to reduce the total price of the culture and an environmentally friendlier method of removing these residues. This review article focuses on the yeast biomass yield and protein content increase strategies, which is impossible without understanding metabolic pathways and switching mechanisms. The present work discusses optimization strategies for protein-enriched yeast biomass production, such as fermentation medium composition, including a selection of carbon and nitrogen sources and their ratio, supplemented trace elements, and cultivation conditions such as pH, temperature, time of cultivation, and inoculum size. This review summarizes the theoretical knowledge and experimental results of other researchers that provide an overview of the achievements of the last decades in the production of SCP.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI KORBAN MARITAL RAPE
Authors: Riyadi Eko 
Published: October 2022

Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan anak menentukan “Setiap anak yang menjadi korban atau pelaku tindak pidana berhak memperoleh bantuan hukum dan bantuan lainnya”. Upaya-upaya perlindungan terhadap anak korban kekerasan diupayakan oleh aparat penegak hukum, termasuk terhadap anak korban Marittal Rape (kekerasan seksual dalam keluarga). Hal ini karena anak korban marital rape banyak terdapat didalam masyarakat Indonesia seperti yang banyak diberitakan oleh media massa tentang tindakan kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan terhadap anak oleh anggota keluarganya baik yang dilakukan oleh ayah kandung, kakak, adik, paman, kakek dan anggota keluarga lainnya. Permasalahan yang dikaji bagaimanakah pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai korban marital rape? dan faktor penghambat terhadap perlindungan anak sebagai korban marital rape?.
Metode penelitian terdiri dari, jenis penelitian ini normatif empiris, Pendekatan masalah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yurdis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Jenisnya data terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka, studi lapangan. Pengolahan data dilakukan antara lain seleksi data dan klasifikasi data Analisis data yang dipergunakan adalah analisis kualitatif.
Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana pemerkosaaan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak terdiri dari dua sisi yaitu dari sisi terdakwa dan dari sisi korban tindak pidana pencabulan itu sendiri. Dari sisi terdakwa maka bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pencabulan adalah dengan memberikan hukuman terhadap terdakwa Sedangkan dari sisi perlindungan hukum kepada korban tindak pidana pencabulan maka bentuknya adalah sesuai dengan Unbdang-Undanmg Nomor 35 tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak Pasal 64 Ayat (3) yang antara lain adalah upaya rehabilitasi, upaya rehabilitasi, baik dalam lembaga maupun di luar lembaga, upaya perlindungan dari pemberitaan identitas melalui media massa dan untuk menghindari labelisasi, pemberian jaminan keselamatan bagi saksi korban dan saksi ahli, baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial dan pemberian aksesibilitas untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan perkara. Hambatan dan solusi di dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban kekerasan pencabulan antara lain adalah: Korban pemerkosaan merupakan individu yang menderita secara fisik, mental dan sosial karena tindakan kejahatan, bahkan korban dapat menderita ketakutan berkepanjangan, hal ini dikarenakan korban pencabulan selain menderita secara fisik, juga mengalami tekanan batin yang hebat akibat tindakan tersebut, Penyelesaian dari adanya hambatan tersebut adalah bahwa korban tindak pidana pencabulan
اثر استراتيجية 4H في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الأدبي في مادة الجغرافية
Authors: Mustafa Lujain Salim , Ahmed Omar Abdullah 
Published: October 2022

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على أثر استخدام استراتيجية 4H في التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة الجغرافية.
ولتحقيق هدف البحث قام الباحثان بوضع فرضية صفرية, وللتحقق من فرضية البحث تم وبشكل قصدي اختيار عينة من طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في اعدادية الحكمة للبنين في مدينة الموصل للعام الدراسي (2019– 2020) وبالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة اختار الباحثان الشعبة ( أ ) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية والتي تدرس وفقا لاستراتيجية 4H , في حين اصبحت الشعبة (ب) تمثل المجموعة الضابطة والتي تدرس وفقا للطريقة الاعتيادية, وقد بلغ مجموع أفراد عينة البحث (52) طالباً, وتوزعت عينة البحث بواقع (27) طالباً للمجموعة التجريبية و(25) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة , وأجريت عملية التكافؤ بين مجموعتي البحث في المتغيرات التالية (العمر الزمني, الذكاء, المعدل العام للسنة السابقة، تحصيل مادة الجغرافية للسنة السابقة).
وقام الباحثان بتهيئة المستلزمات الضرورية للبحث والمتمثلة بتحديد المادة العلمية, وصياغة الأغراض السلوكية للمادة المحددة, وإعداد الخطط التدريسية الخاصة بتدريس المجموعتين التجريبية (وفقا لاستراتيجية 4H) والضابطة (وفقا لطريقة التدريس الاعتيادية).
وتطلب البحث إعداد أداة وهي: اختبار تحصيلي في مادة الجغرافية، إذ تكون الاختبار وبصيغته النهائية من (38) فقرة اختبارية موضوعية من نوع الاختيار من متعدد ذي بدائل اربعة, وتم التأكد من صدق وثبات الاختبار ومعامل الصعوبة وقوة التمييز, فضلاً عن فاعلية البدائل الخاطئة.
وبعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها إحصائياً باستخدام الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين وبالاعتماد على برنامج الحقيبة الإحصائية (SPSS 26.v) أظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي.
وفي ضوء نتائج البحث تقدم الباحثان بعدد من التوصيات منها قيام وحدة الاعداد والتدريب في مديرية التربية في محافظة نينوى بتدريب مدرسي ومدرسات الجغرافية على كيفية استخدام استراتيجية4H
واستكمالاً للبحث الحالي وضع الباحثان مقترحات لبحوث مستقبلية منها:
اثر استراتيجية 4H في اكتساب المفاهيم الجغرافية لطلاب الصف الخامس الادبي وتنمية تفكيرهم البصري
A Pragmatic Study of Indirect Warning in Boris Johnson's Speeches on COVID 19
Authors: Ahmed Samara , Mahmoud Hiyam Yousif 
Published: October 2022

This study investigates how the prime minster of the United Kingdom employs language to express indirect warning in his speeches in order to warn his citizens to avoid corona virus infections , It aims to detect the act of warning embedded in his rhetoric through linguistic manipulation, and its impact on the audience so, the study aims the following Therefore, it hypothesizes the following:
1-The speech act of warning is constructed by the declarative sentences more than the other forms in Johnson's speeches.
2- Felicity Conditions are perfectly applied on the selected speeches.
3-Indirect warning is more currently occurred than direct one.
4-The hint strategy is more frequently occurred in the selected data than the conditional one as an indirect warning strategy.
Speech Act Theory deals with the meaning of language use which is stated in terms of how the speaker manipulates the utterance to make the hearers infer the intended meaning. So, the data analysis will be dealt pragmatically. Therefore ,the study will try to answer the following questions:
1-Indirect warning has certain basic strategies to deal with. So, the study will concentrate on these strategies.
2-Does indirect Speech Act be more frequently used than direct one?
3-which strategy is more frequently used in expressing the indirect warning?
The study arrives at these conclusions: (1) All the hypotheses have been approved, (2) He never uses the questioning strategy as indirect one in the whole speeches, (3) He employs the indirect speech act of warning more than the direct one in order to force the audience to infer his intended meanings when he delivers his speeches, and (4) The speech act of warning in Johnson's speeches is used to direct people either to do beneficial action or avoid doing bad actions.
Organization of tasks for self-training in order to form regulatory UMS for younger schoolchildren
Authors: Enzhevskaya Marina Vladimirovna 
Published: October 2022

Regulatory universal learning activities occupy a central place in the organization of the ability to learn. They contribute to regulation, organization and correction in practical pedagogical activity. The development of regulatory universal educational actions is directly related to the formation of personal qualities: purposefulness, organization, independence, diligence, activity. They influence the formation of arbitrariness of thinking, behavior, communication of students, and together form the ability of students to learn independently. In the article, the conditions of formation of regulatory universal educational actions in primary school for students are considered, the features of the organization of tasks for self-preparation in order to form regulatory universal educational actions for younger schoolchildren are investigated. The experimental study proves the effectiveness of using a special self-training organization, in which students learn to independently identify problem points in their skills, independently choose tasks to eliminate the detected gaps, plan their implementation, monitor, evaluate and correct the results of their educational activities. The present study has allowed us to conclude that regulatory universal educational actions are the basis for the formation of students' core competencies. It has been empirically proved that the introduction of such forms of work as independent training into the educational process contributes to the full development of components of regulatory universal educational actions in younger schoolchildren.
RANCANG BANGUN RUMAH PINTAR DENGAN GOOGLE ASSISTANT MENGGUNAKAN NODEMCU BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Prameswari Lintank Dewi , Laksono Ridam Dwi 
Published: October 2022

<p>Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memudahkan manusia untuk mengendalikan alat elektronik secara otomatis melalui jarak jauh, karena saat ini masih banyak yang menggunakan sklar manual dan banyak yang masih terkendala pada akses jaringan internet. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan uji sampel pada pengaturan <em>on/off </em>otomatis pada peralatan elektronik berbasis mikrokontroller dengan menggunakan <em>google assistant</em> dan web io.adafruit untuk mendapatkan data hasil pengujian. Pengambila data dilakukan secara langsung dengan mengukur jarak pengendalian <em>google assistant</em> dengan google maps yang sudah tersedia di handphone. Adapun data yang dianalisis yaitu jarak mulai dari 100 meter sampai 500 meter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah alat pengaturan <em>on/off </em>otomatis pada peralatan elektronik berbasis mikrokontroller dengan <em>google assistant</em> dan web io.adafruit berhasil dirancang dan hasil pengujian jarak 100meter sampai dengan 500meter alat dapat bekerja dengan baik, <em>google assistant</em> dapat mengirimkan dan menerima informasi/data sesuai yang diperintahkan oleh penggunanya. Serta nodeMCU dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam menerima dan menjalankan perintah. Namun pada relay1 terdapat kendala saat mengirim perintah untuk menyalakan lampu1 karena kurangnya tegangan yang diberikan pada relay1 tersebut dan membuat relay harus diberi tekanan kecil agar lampu1 dapat menyala. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa peneliti berhasil merancang alat pengaturan <em>on/off </em>otomatis pada peralatan elektronik berbasis mikrokontroller dengan <em>google assistant</em> dan web io.adafruit dan peralatan elektronik yang dirancang dapat dikendalikan dengan pengaturan <em>on/off </em>nya dengan baik pada jarak 100 meter sampai dengan 500 meter melalui <em>google assistant</em>. </p>