bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery trends of reef carbonate budgets at remote coral atolls 6 years post‐bleaching
Authors: Lange Ines D. , Perry Chris T. , Stuhr Marleen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoral bleaching events and resultant changes in benthic community composition and population size structure can diminish the important geo‐ecological functions reefs provide, including habitat provision and carbonate production to support reef accretion. Net reef carbonate budgets, the balance between carbonate production and erosion processes, are thus important functional indicators of reef health. This study quantifies changes in coral community composition and colony size structures, and the resultant reef carbonate budget trajectories after the 2015/2016 bleaching event in the remote Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. ReefBudget surveys were conducted at 12 sites across three atolls in 2015, 2018, and 2021, with calculations of biological carbonate production and erosion supported by locally obtained calcification and bioerosion rates. Carbonate budgets (in G = kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) shifted from net positive states in 2015 (mean ± SD: 3.8 ± 2.6 G) to net negative states in 2018 (−2.4 ± 1.4 G) in response to bleaching‐driven mass coral mortality. By 2021, all sites were on a trajectory of recovery, but net budgets differed significantly between atolls (−2.0 ± 1.7 to 2.2 ± 1.4 G). At Salomon atoll, the threefold faster recovery of carbonate production and return to positive reef budget states only 6 yr post‐bleaching was associated with the persistence of high structural complexity and the rapid recovery of fast growing tabular Acropora spp. Inter‐atoll differences in colony size distributions furthermore illustrate that coral identity and size class are more important predictors of reef functions and post‐disturbance recovery speed than coral cover alone.
An ultrawideband TEM horn with dielectric filling characteristics investigation with the dependence on an aperture angle
Authors: Bobreshov Anatoly M. , Uskov Grigory K. , Lysenko Nikolay A. , Smuseva Ksenia V. , Sbitnev Nikita S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents a study on the optimal aperture angle for the ultrawideband TEM horn with the dielectric filling. The electromagnetic simulation is performed at a wide range of frequencies and angles. Comparison of the considered parameters, such as radiation pattern and voltage standing wave ratio of the horn with and without dielectric filling allows defining optimal angles of the antenna.
A hybrid photonic link for concurrent transmission of millimeter wave and Sub 6 Ghz wave using polarization modulator
Authors: J. M. Sruthi , Chandrasenan Archa , Sreeni K. G. , Jeena R. S. , Zacharias Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA stable, simple, compact, and economical photonic link which enables the sending of millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) along with Sub‐6 GHz wave signal simultaneously is proposed in this study. Instead of using the conventional high‐cost Mach Zehnder modulation‐based link, here a cost‐efficient polarization modulator is used. The polarization modulator is used to obtain the tuneable frequency response and also to get a better performance compared to the Mach Zehnder modulator‐based system which is widely used. The concept of free space optics is introduced in this proposed system to guarantee a higher power efficiency and a higher data transmission. The advantages of mm‐wave signals and Sub‐6 GHz wave signals can be obtained in parallel by the simultaneous transmission of both signals through the multiplexed link. A 16‐QAM modulation is employed for RF signal in both mm‐wave and Sub6 GHz signal. The performance of the designed link is verified by bit error rate (BER) and the simulation gives a very small value of BER which indicates the least probability of error.
To capitalise on the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration, we need institutional redesign to empower advances in restoration ecology and rewilding
Authors: Jepson Paul R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration signifies the ambition to move beyond a defensive focus on biodiversity protection towards a proactive agenda of restoring ecosystems to generate value for people and nature.The international nature regime, based on the linked concepts of biodiversity and sustainable development, has achieved much. However, its institutions are built on a ‘compositional’ approach to ecology that ‘locks in’ arbitrary ecological baselines and constrains an ambitious approach to ecosystem restoration.Rewilding and the wider field of restoration ecology foreground the dynamic nature of ecosystems, the need to consider system function and the importance of trophic networks for ecosystem recovery. Rewilding science extends these new directions with a focus on restoring the functional effects of large megafauna and random biotic and abiotic disturbance.I argue that historic processes of institutional reductionism, which enabled the construction of a strong protective biodiversity regime, have created institutions that lack the flexibility and innovation culture needed to create new policy and practice to support the recovery of ecosystem integrity and open‐ended restoration processes such as rewilding.Given this, we need to initiate ordered and effective processes of institutional redesign. To this end, I have proposed five actions for discussion, namely: (a) adopt and embed a positive, hopeful and empowering narrative of nature recovery; (b) create ‘nature recovery innovation zones’, where existing policy and regulations are relaxed and new approaches are developed and tested; (c) develop functional classifications of nature to support the design of ‘new generation’ policy instruments; (d) create markets for ecosystem recovery based on units of ecosystem change to support the emergence of a nature recovery land economy; and (e) introduce programs of professional training in the science, principles and opportunities of ecosystem recovery at all levels in government and non‐government conservation agencies.The world of 2050 will be very different from that of today. We have extremely well‐educated and skilled younger generations, with the motivation and ability to redesign nature institutions. It is time to act and empower them.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Chirality of proteinoid nanoparticles made of lysine and phenylalanine
Authors: Lugasi Liroy , Otis Gil , Oliel Matan , Margel Shlomo , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProteinoid nanoparticles composed ofl‐lysine andl‐phenylalanine were prepared and showed enantioselective adsorption ofl‐amino acids at various pH values, emphasizing the chiral nature of the particles. The adsorption was examined using circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry and ζ‐potential measurements. Positively charged ammonium moieties on the proteinoid surface are most likely responsible for the enantioselective adsorption owing to their chirality which originates froml‐lysine. Accordingly, a higher enantiomeric excess was found for amino acids such as alanine with a more negative charge.
High‐strength and antistatic PET/CNTs bead foams prepared by scCO2 foaming and microwave sintering
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Liu Pengju , Xu Dawei , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reported the high strength and antistatic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bead foam with a typical segregated structure prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming and microwave selective sintering. Firstly, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated on the surface of PET pellets, and then the composite foam with segregated structure was prepared via scCO2 foaming in a confined mold. The interfaces among PET foamed beads were further sintered by utilizing the selective heating behaviors of microwave, which greatly enhanced the interfacial strength and thus the overall mechanical strength of bead foam. The final composite foam showed an electrical conductivity of 0.004 S/m with an extremely low CNTs loading of 0.138 vol%, and its mechanical strength reached as high as 10.44 MPa, far superior to the composite without microwave treatment. Thus, the problem in the welding of PET bead foams and antistatic properties could be solved. The effect of the foaming conditions on the structure and properties of PET foam were systematically investigated, providing a novel method for the preparation of high strength and antistatic engineering plastics composite foam.
Pluronic F127‐modified BaTiO3 for ceramic/polymer nanocomposite dielectric capacitor with enhanced energy storage performance
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhou Chuang , Cai Wei , Huang Fuxiang , Zhang Chunyan , Cao Liangliang , Meng Fancheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCeramic/polymer nanocomposites have been extensively explored for dielectric capacitor application due to their high energy storage performance and ease of processing, flexibility, and low cost. However, improving compatibility between inorganic and organic materials is of great significance and has been a long‐standing challenge. In this work, the polymer surfactant Pluronic™ F127 was employed to perform surface modification of BaTiO3 through a facile solution process. The compatibility between BaTiO3 nanoparticles and P (VDF‐HFP) can be remarkably strengthened by the affinity between F127 polymer chains and the organic matrix. Structural defects such as pores, cracks, and agglomeration of inorganic particles were obviously reduced, and interfacial polarization has been significantly enhanced. The discharged energy density Ud and charge–discharge efficiency η reach up to 5.0 J/cm3 and 58.1% under the breakdown strength of 3740 kV/cm for the nanocomposite containing 1 vol% BT@F127. These dielectric properties are clearly better than the nanocomposite using unmodified BT, as well as similar hybrids reported previously.
Effects of residual wax content on the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Gudiño Rivera Javier , Hernández Gámez José Francisco , Borjas Ramos José Javier , Salinas Hernández Myrna , Sánchez Martínez Deidré Itandehui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of residual wax content on the thermal, rheological, and mechanical behavior of two high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) samples from different lots of the same supplier was characterized. HDPE with a low wax content presented a higher melting temperature and a wider melting endotherm. A decrease in the degree of crystallinity and thermal stability of HDPE with a higher wax content was observed. Thermograms obtained by DSC indicated a small additional exothermic transition associated with the exclusion of residual wax. A higher wax content in HDPE produces a decrease in its viscosity due to a lubricating effect, which allows the sliding of HDPE chains of high molecular weight. In contrast, HDPE with lower wax content achieves greater elongational viscosity and melt strength. The mechanical testing results show that HDPE with higher wax content presented lower Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and Izod impact strength than HDPE with lower wax content. The results obtained show that a relatively slight difference in wax content significantly affects HDPE properties.
Pain, obesity, and physical function in Mexican American older adults during 20 years of follow‐up
Authors: Afunugo Wilma E. , Li Chih‐Ying , Chou Lin‐Na , Ward Frank , Al Snih Soham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPain remains largely undertreated in older adults irrespective of health care setting. Mexican American adults in the United States have a high age‐adjusted prevalence of obesity. However, the association of pain and obesity with physical function is understudied in this population.ObjectiveTo examine the association of co‐occurring pain and obesity with physical function over 20 years of follow‐up in a cohort of older Mexican Americans who scored ≥7 (moderate to high) in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test and were nondisabled at baseline.DesignLongitudinal population‐based study.SettingCommunity‐dwelling older adults from Southwestern United States.ParticipantsMexican American adults age 65 years and older.InterventionsNot Applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPhysical function was assessed with the SPPB test (standing balance, timed 8‐ft walk, and five repeated timed chair stands). Participants at baseline were divided into four groups: no pain–no obesity (n = 869), obesity only (n = 282), pain only (n = 216), and pain‐obesity (n = 159). Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of lower performance in physical function over 20 years as a function of pain‐obesity grouping.ResultsParticipants with pain only (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.34–1.95) and with co‐occurring pain and obesity (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.83–2.95) had significantly greater odds of physical function impairment over those with no pain–no obesity or obesity only, after controlling for all covariates.ConclusionOlder Mexican American adults were at high risk for physical function impairment over time if they had pain or co‐occurring pain and obesity. Early assessment and proper pain management as well as maintaining a healthy weight may reduce declines in physical function in older Mexican American adults.
Importance of higher‐level excited species in argon remote plasma sources: Numerical modeling with consideration of detailed chemical reaction pathways
Authors: Cheon Cheongbin , Yoon Jung Hwan , Jo Sanghyun , Kim Ho Jun , Lee Hae June 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStable plasma ignition of remote plasma sources (RPSs) for various plasma processes is essential to ensure the stability of the discharge, steady operating conditions, and high plasma density. In an RPS in which the gas pressure exceeds 1 Torr, the reaction paths leading to the high‐level excited state play an essential role in the power balance and energy cascade at high applied input power. In this study, 97 chemical reactions in a detailed reaction set involving argon discharge are investigated in the steady‐state to understand the extent to which the dominant reactions are affected by variations in the process parameters. We observed that the stepwise ionization process of the argon 4p excited state significantly contributes to sustaining high‐density plasmas in the near 1 Torr regime.
Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis and upper limb deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Israeli Tomer , Eisenstadt Iris , Shoseyov David , Armoni Shoshana , Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Cremisi Galit , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Breuer Oded 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report physiotherapy management of two patients with severe cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and upper limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These patients were admitted due to a pulmonary exacerbation. Following peripherally inserted central catheters, they were diagnosed with an upper limb DVT. Due to their underlying lung disease, physiotherapy was mandatory for improvement. However, the DVT and anticoagulation treatment raised concerns for pulmonary emboli and hemoptysis. A framework for physiotherapy management in these patients, using a set of precautions and restrictions to maintain airway clearance while minimizing the risk for pulmonary emboli and hemoptysis, was established. Using this set of instructions, the patients experienced no major adverse events while maintaining sufficient airway clearance to allow respiratory improvement. These precautions were continued until the upper limb DVTs were resolved. To our knowledge, there are currently no guidelines or expert opinions available. Therefore, this framework can help guide physiotherapy management
The impact of trade liberalization on individual fertility intention: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Li Hongyang , Shao Min , Shi Xinjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow trade liberalization affects a country's fertility has been verified by some studies, but little is known about how export trade liberalization impacts individual fertility intention. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1997 to 2011 and regression analysis, this study finds that a decline in the average external tariff significantly improves the fertility intentions of married women. This conclusion remains robust after overcoming endogeneity problems using an alternative external proxy variable, adopting different average tariff calculation methods, adding other control variables, and considering the son preference. The mechanism test shows that export trade liberalization can affect married women's fertility intentions by affecting family income; moreover, the income effect dominates the substitution and intra‐marital income gap effects. This study provides a new perspective for understanding changes in fertility intention in developing countries. This perspective can promote academic research progress in this field and be of great significance in formulating effective policies to improve fertility intention.
A two‐stage adaptive clinical trial design with data‐driven subgroup identification at interim analysis
Authors: Johnston Sarah E. , Lipkovich Ilya , Dmitrienko Alex , Zhao Yan Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider randomized controlled clinical trials comparing two treatments in efficacy assessment using a time to event outcome. We assume a relatively small number of candidate biomarkers available in the beginning of the trial, which may help define an efficacy subgroup which shows differential treatment effect. The efficacy subgroup is to be defined by one or two biomarkers and cut‐offs that are unknown to the investigator and must be learned from the data. We propose a two‐stage adaptive design with a pre‐planned interim analysis and a final analysis. At the interim, several subgroup‐finding algorithms are evaluated to search for a subgroup with enhanced survival for treated versus placebo. Conditional powers computed based on the subgroup and the overall population are used to make decision at the interim to terminate the study for futility, continue the study as planned, or conduct sample size recalculation for the subgroup or the overall population. At the final analysis, combination tests together with closed testing procedures are used to determine efficacy in the subgroup or the overall population. We conducted simulation studies to compare our proposed procedures with several subgroup‐identification methods in terms of a novel utility function and several other measures. This research demonstrated the benefit of incorporating data‐driven subgroup selection into adaptive clinical trial designs.
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabrics‐based membranes modified by electrospinning of thermoplastic polyurethane, nano SiO2 and Ag particles as medical packing materials
Authors: Liu Rongkun , Qu Meijie , Qiu Xuewen , Wang Hai , Fan Mingshuai , Zhang Ali , Chen Qiushan , Bin Yuezhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAiming at development of novel medical packings, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)‐based membranes with hydrophobic and antibacterial properties were prepared by electrostatic spinning of a blend of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), nano SiO2 and Ag particles on PET nonwoven. In cooperation with electro‐spun TPU/SiO2 layer, the water contact angle (WCA) of PET nonwoven fabric was improved from 60° to 115–130°, and the water vapour transmission rate was 2200–2500 g/m2/24 h. It indicates that the modified PET nonwoven membrane exhibits a much better water resistance, highly increased hydrophobicity and moderate water permeability. Nano‐silver provided excellent antibacterial properties for this non‐cytotoxic PET/TPU/SiO2/Ag composite membranes. The PET/TPU/SiO2/Ag composite membranes had high mechanical properties, which exhibited a tensile strength of 56 MPa in the longitudinal direction and 35 MPa in the transversal direction, and tear strength of 30 kN/m in the longitudinal direction and 48 kN/m in the transversal direction. This new PET/TPU/SiO2/Ag composite membranes showed broad application prospects in the medical packaging industry.
COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine‐related interstitial lung disease: Two case reports and literature review
Authors: So Clara , Izumi Shinyu , Ishida Akane , Hirakawa Ryo , Kusaba Yusaku , Hashimoto Masao , Ishii Satoru , Miyazaki Hideki , Iikura Motoyasu , Hojo Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Pfizer‐BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) is an effective and well‐tolerated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine. However, rare adverse events have been reported. We report two cases of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine‐related interstitial lung disease (ILD). A 67‐year‐old man and a 70‐year‐old man with underlying ILD presented to our hospital with a few days of fever and respiratory symptoms after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. Drug‐related pneumonitis due to the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine was diagnosed. One case was diagnosed with lymphocytic alveolitis by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. Both patients were successfully treated with corticosteroids, and they attended outpatient clinics thereafter. Although the safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines have been established, further studies are needed to estimate long‐term data and reports of rare adverse reactions. We present the clinical course of two cases, review previously published case reports on COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine‐related ILD and discuss the relevant findings.
Holistic versus analytic thinking orientation and its relationship to the bullwhip effect
Authors: Brauch Manuel , Größler Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that decision‐makers contribute with individually varying intensity to the bullwhip effect, which refers to the amplification of demand variability along supply chains. This article examines whether differences in decision‐makers’ holistic versus analytic thinking orientation are related to these variations. The hypothesis is put forward that a stronger holistic thinking orientation is negatively correlated with the bullwhip effect. We also hypothesize that holistic thinkers report a higher use of information and that reported use of information is negatively correlated with the bullwhip effect. While no relationship was found between the overall thinking orientation and the bullwhip effect, a negative relationship was observed between one subdomain of the holistic versus analyic thinking orientation and the bullwhip effect. Furthermore, the results show that holistic thinking is not correlated with reported use of information and that only reported use of specific information is negatively related to the bullwhip effect. © 2022 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Synthesis of Ethynyl‐Thiophene Derivatives, Antioxidant Properties and ADME Analysis
Authors: Konus Metin , Algso Muheb , Yilmaz Can , Khorsheed Bahzad Ahmed , Köroğlu Aslı , Çetin Doğan , Ergin Derya , Kivrak Arif 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, novel alkyne based organic compounds, 2‐((2‐(methylthio)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophene (MAT) and 2‐ethynyl‐3‐(phenylethynyl)thiophene (DAT), were designed and synthesized via Pd‐catalyst cross‐coupling reactions. The isolated yields of MAT and DAT were obtained as 77 % and 96 %, respectively. After chemical characterization, radical scavenging activities and reduction power capacities of them were determined by DPPH, TEAC, phosphomolybdenum and reducing power methods. MAT showed higher radical scavenging activities than DAT, and comparable with the standard. Moreover, basic ADME properties were calculated in silico. Both of the newly synthesized derivatives were reported with the same moderate to good drug score of 0.42; and, having potential to pass through BBB and GI with no appointed toxic effects.