bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural and Clinical Outcomes in Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Bifurcational Lesions
Authors: Morsy Adel Mohamed , Abdelaal Mohamed Ahmed , Alamrousy Mahmoud Zaky , Elsetiha Mohamed Alsayed , Elmasry Magdy Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Background: Around 20% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) are used to treat coronary bifurcation syndromes. Technical success was defined as successfully bridging the occluded portion with a wire and balloon and reopening the artery with a 40% residual stenosis in all views. Technical success is defined by the absence of a serious adverse cardiac event throughout the hospital stay (MACE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the procedural and clinical results associated with LM bifurcational intervention.
Methods: A controlled study was carried out on 100 patients eligible to Left Main bifurcational intervention were included. the patients were divided into two groups according to the stenting technique used, the provisional group (n=70) who managed with one stent strategy, and the non-provisional group (n=30) who managed with a double kissing crush, culotte, T stenting, or TAP technique. This study recorded the incidence of MACE: death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularizations were recorded at 6 and 12 months of follow-up.
Results: It is insignificantly different mortality incidence between the 2 groups but non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, re-PTCA, and target lesion revascularizations were significantly increased in the non-provisional group. As regards clinical success in 2 groups, this study found 68 patients in the provisional group and 24 patients in the non-provisional group fulfilled the characteristics of clinical success.
Conclusions: In LM-bifurcational intervention, there is a significant increase in the incidence of MACE in the non-provisional group and so the clinical outcome is better in the provisional stenting than the non-provisional stenting.
Analysis of Rainfall Probabilities and Crop Planning for Different Districts of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sahu Twinkle , Chaudhary J. L. , Sahu Khilesh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Rainfall data of 17 districts in Chhattisgarh state has been used to determine the quantity of rainfall at different probability levels through incomplete gamma distribution. Bastar has the highest total annual rainfall, with 1090.0 mm, 1247.5 mm, and 1440.0 mm, respectively, at 90 percent, 75 percent, and 50 percent likelihood levels. Sukma district has the highest total annual rainfall with 1696.6 mm and 1955.3 mm at the 25% and 10% probability levels, respectively. At 90 percent and 75 percent probability levels, Bilaspur district has the lowest total annual rainfall of 300.8 mm and 542.8 mm, respectively. Kabirdham district has the lowest total annual rainfall at 50%, 25%, and 10% likelihood levels, with 983.1 mm, 1126.4 mm, and 1267.0 mm, respectively. Sukma district has the most rainfall (1466.6 mm) while Kabirdham district has the least (996.1 mm). Crop planning strategies have been designed in several districts of C.G. based on probability analysis. Potential crops are found by examining the appropriate agro-ecosystem, and suitable recommended types for production in various places are indicated. Only the inclusion of maize and sugarcane crops in cropping systems is being criticized.
Evaluation of Results of Internal Fixation of Base Fifth Metatarsal Fractures
Authors: Motawea Hesham Gamal , Emran Ali Mahmoud , Eltantawy Ahmed Elsayed , Fadel Moheb Eldeen Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Background: The fifth metatarsal base fracture is a quite frequent fracture, occurring at a rate of 6 per 100,000 yearly. Fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (Jones fractures) have a higher rate of non-union and occasionally do require surgery. This research aimed to assess the findings of surgical treatment of a recent fracture base of 5th metatarsal in adults’ zone II, III by percutaneous intramedullary cannulated cancellous screws (4 mm and 6.5mm).
Methods: This prospective case series research was involved 21 adult patients with recent trauma and closed base of 5th metatarsal fractures. All participants were subjected to laboratory study, methods of radiological evaluation [Antero-posterior aspect of the foot, oblique aspect of the foot].
Results: AOFAS score was significantly different among age groups at 2 months and insignificantly different at 6 months. AOFAS score was insignificantly different between both sexes.
Conclusions: Percutaneous intramedullary cannulated cancellous screws fixation of base 5th metatarsal fractures with a cannulated cancellous screw 4mm,6.5mm has a high union rate (100%) with early mobilization and return to work and daily activity without need to do below knee cast or slab, so it decreases post cast stiffness rate. It also increases rate of union and healing by doing compression of the fracture site using the cannulated cancellous screw and keeping hematoma without evacuation. Using of larger screws in diameter like 6.5 mm to be fit in the medulla, is more beneficial than 4 mm screws.
Pregnancy (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome in Women Who Used Smokeless Tobacco: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Memon Shehreen , Channa Sanam , Hameed Nadia , Bibi Yasmeen , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: June 2022

Aim: To assess the pregnancy (maternal and fetal) outcome in pregnant women who used smokeless tobacco in tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LUMHS, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from August 2016 to February 2017.
Methodology: Total 169 pregnant women who used smokeless tobacco (gutka, paan, naswar, mainpuri) were included. General examination was performed. Laboratory investigations were ordered for complete blood counts. Ultrasonography was performed for gestational age and fetal weight. We calculated descriptive statistics. The stratification was completed. After stratification, the Chi-square test was used.
Results: Mean gestational age was 29.15±8.80 weeks. Mean birth weight was 1.96±0.81Kg. Among smokeless tobacco, 24.3% used Paan, 18.9% used Gutka, 23.7% used naswar and 47.3% used mainpuri. Mean duration of use of smokeless tobacco was 32.94±17.63 months. 62.1% have low weight birth and 34.3% have still birth. 28.4% had spontaneous abortion, 58% had anemia and 34.9% had premature delivery.
Conclusion: This study concludes that mothers who used smokeless tobacco had a higher rate of abortion, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and delivery of low birth weight newborns.
ACORDO DE ALCÂNTARA E O DESENVOLVIMENTISMO OCULTO DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Pereira Bojikian Neusa Maria , Pasquariello Mariano Karina L. , Forti Thomaz Laís 
Published: June 2022

A preocupação com o setor espacial brasileiro está inserida em um debate mais amplo sobre a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico, base para melhor inserção internacional do país. Utilizando revisão de literatura e estudo de caso, verificou-se que houve historicamente uma variação na disposição dos governos brasileiros em aderir à ideologia econômica defendida pelos EUA, sem levar em conta que este país apresenta elementos desenvolvimentistas, atuando como agente de transferência e difusão de novas tecnologias. O objetivo é demonstrar que o Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas (AST) é funcional à estratégia do governo norte-americano de promover o desenvolvimento com participação velada do Estado. Por sua vez, isso tende a representar importantes limitações à implementação da política espacial no Brasil. Infere-se que o AST é um instrumento por meio do qual o governo dos EUA procura mitigar os riscos regulatórios aos quais estão submetidas empresas do país e alavancar a competitividade de sua base industrial.
JATARISHUN: indigenous peasant uprisings of Ecuador and Good Living
Authors: Da Silva Araujo Larissa , Reis da Silva Ana Tereza 
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the Indigenous Peasant Movements (IPM) of Ecuador as a social force and political actor. By proposing an alternative to the Ecuadorian crisis based on the Sumak Kawsay (Good Living) values, the IPM expand democratic spaces and formulate an extended sense of citizenship. The text focuses on the events of the 2019 national strike in Ecuador, in retrospective dialogue with previous uprisings. It draws on the testimonies of the Kayambi people, collected before and after the strike, in semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic work. Results show that the memory of previous struggles was an essential motivation for the emergence of the uprisings. Besides, unity and solidarity among rural actors and other sectors of Ecuadorian society were the basis for the strike’s strength and power. Finally, in dialogue with the Emancipatory Rural Politics, the article contributes to critical approaches to the role of indigenous peasant peoples in struggles for life alternatives.
Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules and Use of a Multigene Genomic Classifier in Children
Authors: Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ortega Carlos A. , Rohde Sarah L. , Belcher Ryan H. , Netterville James L. , Baregamian Naira , Wang Huiying , Liang Jiancong , Ye Fei , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Weiss Vivian L. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceDefinitive diagnosis of a thyroid nodule in a child is obtained through diagnostic surgery. This is problematic because pediatric thyroid surgery is associated with higher rates of complications. In adults, preoperative molecular testing improves the management of thyroid nodules, but this has not been validated in children.ObjectiveTo determine whether the molecular landscape of pediatric thyroid nodules is amenable to detection by a multigene genomic classifier (GC) test (ThyroSeq v3; Sonic Healthcare USA).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective consecutive case series and GC testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from sequential pediatric thyroidectomies performed between January 2003 and December 2019 at a single tertiary academic medical center. The study included 95 patients (median [range] age, 16.3 [4.8 to 21.1] years; 75 [79%] female) who underwent surgery for a thyroid nodule.InterventionsA total of 118 thyroid nodule samples (95 FFPE, 23 companion FNAs) yielded informative next-generation sequencing data and multigene GC.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the determination of the pediatric thyroid molecular landscape. The secondary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the GC test for pediatric thyroid nodules.ResultsOf the 95 patients, 75 (79%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 16.3 (14.0-17.3) years. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the unique molecular landscape of malignant pediatric thyroid nodules (compared with adults), which is dominated by gene fusions (most commonly RET and NTRK), rare BRAF/RAS alterations, and no TP53 or TERT promoter pathogenic variants. Several poorly differentiated thyroid cancers harbored DICER1 variants. Benign nodules appeared to be almost exclusively associated with TSHR and DICER1 alterations. The test demonstrated a 96% sensitivity (95% CI, 87%-99%) and 78% specificity (95% CI, 64%-88%). The negative predictive value was 95% (95% CI, 88%-98%) and the positive predictive value was 83% (95% CI, 74–89%). The concordance of GC between 23 pairs of matched FFPE and FNA tissues was 96%.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results of this retrospective consecutive case series suggest that the molecular landscape of pediatric nodules is unique but remains amenable to molecular classification. The multigene GC test, with high sensitivity and reasonably high specificity, represents a potential addition to the diagnostic workup of children with thyroid nodules and may decrease the use of diagnostic surgery.
Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Obesity: Underlying Genetic Causes in Humans
Authors: Duis Jessica , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence supports syndromic and nonsyndromic causes of obesity, including genome‐wide association studies, candidate gene analysis, advanced genetic technology using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and identification of copy number variants. Identification of susceptibility genes impacts mechanistic understanding and informs precision medicine. The cause of obesity is heterogeneous with complex biological processes playing a role by controlling peptides involved in regulating appetite and food intake, cellular energy, and metabolism. Evidence for heritability shows genetic components contributing to 40%–70% of obesity. Monogenic causes and obesity‐related syndromes are discussed and illustrated as well as biological pathways, gene interactions, and factors contributing to the obesity phenotype. Over 550 obesity‐related single genes have been identified and summarized in tabular form with approximately 20% of these genes have been added to obesity gene panels for testing by commercially available laboratories. Early studies show that about 10% of patients with severe obesity using NGS testing have a pathogenic gene variant. Discussion to help characterize gene–gene interactions and disease mechanisms for early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors contributing to disease is incorporated in this review.
The Regulation of Triacylglycerol Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity
Authors: Wen Yi , Chen Yan Q. , Konrad Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTriacylglycerol (TG) metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain a pool of TG within circulating lipoproteins that can be hydrolyzed in a tissue‐specific manner by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to enable the delivery of fatty acids to adipose or oxidative tissues as needed. Elevated serum TG concentrations, which result from a deficiency of LPL activity or, more commonly, an imbalance in the regulation of tissue‐specific LPL activities, have been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through multiple studies. Among the most critical LPL regulators are the angiopoietin‐like (ANGPTL) proteins ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8, and a number of different apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5), apolipoprotein C2 (ApoC2), and apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3). These ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins work together to orchestrate LPL activity and therefore play pivotal roles in TG partitioning, hydrolysis, and utilization. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, epidemiological findings, and genetic data most relevant to these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins. The interplay between these important regulators of TG metabolism in both fasted and fed states is highlighted with a holistic view toward understanding key concepts and interactions. Strategies for developing safe and effective therapeutics to reduce circulating TG by selectively targeting these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins are also discussed.
Molecular Packing and Charge Transport Behaviors of Semiconducting Polymers Over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Yang Longfei , Wu Yangjiang , Yan Yongkun , Wang Zhihui , Qiao Yanjun , Chang Dongdong , Zhang Cong , Wang Yang , Lu Xuefeng , Liu Yunqi , Zhao Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe molecular packing and resultant charge transport behaviors of semiconducting polymers are widely known to be temperature‐dependent. Due to the limitation of measurement methods, previous studies on molecular packing behavior have been mainly focused on a very limited temperature range, and therefore cannot support the understanding of charge transport behaviors. In this study, with a homemade temperature‐dependent grazing incidence XRD measurement chamber, the relationship between molecular packing structure and charge transport properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymers is investigated across a wide temperature range of 98–623 K. Glass transition temperatures of the alkyl side‐chain and aromatic backbone are identified through the observation of clear transitions in the thermal expansion coefficients of d−d packing and π−π stacking, respectively. A correlation between the π−π stacking distance and charge transport properties is then established using an extended Miller−Abrahams model. The turning point of the charge transport and the failure of the polymer‐based devices are proved to be caused by packing structure changes due to increased temperatures. Such an examination over a wide range of temperatures improves the understanding of the charge transport properties of semiconducting polymers and helps construct thermally stable devices to be used in extreme conditions.
High‐Strength Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Minimal Surface Macrostructures for Load‐Bearing Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ma Limin , Ji Xiongfa , He Yue , Cui Yue , Liu Xuemin , Xuan Chengkai , Wang Zhenxing , Yang Wei , Chai Muyuan , Shi Xuetao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTriply periodic minimum surfaces (TPMS), which outperform other structures in terms of bulk moduli and relative density, have been widely used to dramatically improve the mechanical strength of natural echinoderm skeletons and engineered scaffolds. Herein, TPMS‐structure‐based 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds to highly improve their limited mechanical strength and evaluate the underlying mechanism in terms of mechanical match and biological bone repair process as a bone regeneration scaffold are constructed. The results show that TPMS‐structure‐based HAp scaffolds have a greater compressive strength range that is sufficient to meet the strength requirements for human cortical and trabecular bone, and outperform traditional HAp scaffolds with Cross‐hatch structures in terms of compressive strength, cell density, and osteogenic differentiation. The reduction of stress concentration and open‐cell permeable structure of Split‐P scaffolds can benefit the generation and ingrowth of new bone after the in vivo implantation in the rabbit femur bone. Furthermore, RNA‐seq and immunochemistry staining results of in vivo samples unravel the bone repair mechanism in a time sequence. The optimized scaffolds with TPMS macrostructures and an in‐depth understanding of repair mechanisms will contribute to the development of bone regeneration materials that perform on par with load‐bearing bone.
Generation and Detection of Dresselhaus‐Like Spin Current in a Single‐Crystal Ferromagnetic Metal
Authors: Wang Wentao , Yan Ze , Cao Yang , Gao Cunxu , Shi Zhong , Si Mingsu , Cao Jiangwei , Xi Li , Yang Dezheng , Xue Desheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDistinct from the existing spin–orbit torque devices to only generate Rashba‐like spin current, it is proposed to generate Dresselhaus‐like spin current based on a single‐crystal ferromagnetic metal. By employing the second harmonic Hall measurement, it is found that the second harmonic Hall signal in single‐crystal ferromagnet exhibits an antisymmetric angular dependence induced by Dresselhaus‐like spin current, opposite to the reported symmetric angular dependence induced by Rashba‐like spin current. Such anomalous Dresselhaus‐like spin current is further confirmed by the current‐induced shift of the hysteresis loop when the magnetic field is swept along the current direction. However, when the ferromagnetic metal exhibits amorphous crystal structure or polycrystal structure, the Dresselhaus‐like spin current is absent. This result complements the missing type of spin currents due to charge‐to‐spin conversion and benefits the formulation of comprehensive spin–orbit coupling mechanism, by considering additional broken symmetry caused by ferromagnetic order and the structure symmetry of the crystalline lattice.
Continuous Liquid Metal Printed 2D Transparent Conductive Oxide Superlattices
Authors: Ye Youxiong , Hamlin Andrew B. , Huddy Julia E. , Rahman Md Saifur , Scheideler William J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2D conducting metal oxides offer unprecedented control of thin film electrostatics at the nanoscale. A scalable, rapid, and low‐cost approach is presented to printing transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) via spontaneous low‐temperature Cabrera‐Mott oxidation of compliant liquid metals. Repeating heterostructures of these 2D oxide layers are exploited to produce an exceptional, 100× increase in conductivity while simultaneously raising the visible range optical transmittance. This innovative approach employs defect modulation doping at the type I heterojunction between InOx/GaOx, exceeding the achievable performance with ITO, which is otherwise limited by poor dopant activation at low temperatures. The exceptional performance of these multilayer 2D TCO superlattices exceeds that of competing TCOs printed from sol‐gels and nanoparticles, establishing a 100× faster process to fabricate flexible inorganic electronics.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Piezoelectricity and Temperature Stability in KNN‐Based Lead‐Free Ceramics Via Layered Distribution of Dopants
Authors: Song Aizhen , Liu Yixuan , Feng Tianyi , Li Haitao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Xuping , Liu Lisha , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe past two decades have seen a great enhancement of piezoelectric coefficients (d33) to higher than 570 pC/N in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) piezoelectrics, but one notoriously unresolved issue is their severe temperature instability, obstructing them toward practical applications. The present work demonstrates a facile approach to overcome this problem by introducing a layered distribution of key dopants (Li and Sb) in a monolithic ceramic, featuring stepwise varied polymorphic phase transition (PPT) temperatures along the thickness direction. The dopant‐graded ceramic exhibits an outstanding d33 of 508 pC/N and a very large piezoelectric strain (Suni, of 0.18%). More importantly, an excellent temperature stability (d33 variation within 13% over the temperature range of 25–150 °C) is achieved, which is superior to that of most state‐of‐art KNN counterparts. These are attributed to the construction of spatially diffused PPT in combination with enhanced polarization, permittivity, and piezoresponse through interfacial effect, including the Maxwell–Wagner effect and intergranular stress by gradient doping. The results offer an alternative strategy for designing high‐performance piezoelectric materials with desirable temperature reliability.
Geometric Phase and Localized Heat Diffusion
Authors: Qi Minghong , Wang Dong , Cao Pei‐Chao , Zhu Xue‐Feng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Chen Hongsheng , Li Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany unusual wave phenomena in artificial structures are governed by their topological properties. However, the topology of diffusion remains almost unexplored. One reason is that diffusion is fundamentally different from wave propagation because of its purely dissipative nature. The other is that the diffusion field is mostly composed of modes that extend over wide ranges, making it difficult to be rendered within the tight‐binding theory as commonly employed in wave physics. Here, the above challenges are overcome and systematic studies are performed on the topology of heat diffusion. Based on a continuum model, the band structure and geometric phase are analytically obtained without using the tight‐binding approximation. A deterministic parameter is found to link the geometric phase with the edge state, thereby proving the bulk‐boundary correspondence for heat diffusion. The topological edge state is experimentally demonstrated as localized heat diffusion and its dependence on the boundary conditions is verified. This approach is general, rigorous, and able to reveal rich knowledge about the system with great accuracy. The findings set up a solid foundation to explore the topology in novel thermal management applications.