bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Western Corn Rootworm Adults in Nebraska, 1983
Authors: Ball Harold J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Western corn rootworm adults were collected between 18 July and 4 Aug. from corn at 19 geographical sites throughout Nebraska and returned to the laboratory in Lincoln for testing. Mean weights for beetles from each collection site were determined prior to treatment. Unsexed beetles were individually treated by topical application of 1 ul of an acetone solution of the test insecticides to the posterior ventral abdominal area. Beetles were anesthesized with CO2 before treatment. Treatment solutions were prepared with reagent grade acetone using technical grade insecticides. Six to eight dosages, plus an acetone check, were used to determine 2-h LD50 values for all insecticides from all collection sites; two replicates of 10 insects each were used for each dosage rate tested. Insects were declared dead if they could not regain their footing 2 h posttreatment. Dosage-mortality data were calculated in ug/g of insect weight using a probit analysis FORTRAN computer program.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1983
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at two locations in Illinois. Corn was planted in 30-in. rows in 12 May in a reduced tilled (spring disced) field at Bloomington and in a reduced tilled (spring chisel plowed) field at Urbana on the same date. The latter field contained little crop residue, because the corn crop from the preceding year was harvested for silage. Both fields had very high corn rootworm beetle counts during the preceding summer. Varieties planted were Funks G-4646 at Bloomington and Funks G-4507 at Urbana. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-in. band over the row 5 days after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator equipped with drag chains. Pydrin 2.4E and the entomophagus nematodes (Neoaplectana carpocapsae; Colorado Insectory) were also applied in a 7-in. band over the row 5 days after planting with a CO2 back pack sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (8002 even flat fan nozzle, 3.0 ft/sec, 20 lb/in2 , 10 gal water/acre). These sprays were lightly covered with soil with a hand rake. The seed treatments (CGA-73102) were planted at the same time the remainder of the plot was planted. Each insecticide treatment consisted of a 1 by 50-ft row. The Bloomington and Urbana experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with four replications per treatment (the seed treatments, however, were arranged on one side of the Urbana plot to facilitate planting). Previously, Counter had been applied at a rate of 1.0 lb (AD/acre on the Urbana field in 1982. No soil insecticides were used at the Bloomington location in 1982. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in mid-July by digging and washing 20 plants from each treatment (5 roots per row by 4 reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The standard Iowa 1 to 6 damage rating scale (1, little or no damage and 6, 3 or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.
European Corn Borer First Brood Control, 1983
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticidal treatments were examined to determine efficacy on first brood European corn borer in field corn. Materials were applied as foliar sprays on 27 May using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 32 lb/in2 delivering 33.7 gal/acre. Plots were six rows, 25 feet long with the midddle four rows sprayed. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates in ‘Pioneer 3780’ corn grown on the Sabine Hall farm in Richmond county, Va. Individual plots were evaluated periodically by examining all plants in 25 ft of row for the presence of borer larvae. After tasseling was complete, plant heights were obtained by measuring three plants in each plot. At harvest, plant stalks were observed for the incidence of larval tunnelling.
Second Brood European Corn Borer Hand Plot Trial, Wray, Colorado, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 50-ft rows, separated by 1 border row and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer, delivering 20 gal/acre at 23 lb/in2, on 17 Aug. Evaluations were made by splitting the stalks of 10 plants and counting live larvae on 12 Sept. Mite damage was evaluated on a 0 to 4 scale, with 0, no damage and 4, plant completely browned. The field received ca 0.05 lb (All/acre Pydrin for Western bean cutworm control prior to the trial.
Western Bean Cutworm Chemigation Trial, Wray, Colorado, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were injected into sprinklers at two sites with an Agri-Inject injector. Site 1 was planted to ‘Stauffer Super 4’ and irrigated with a Gifford Hill sprinkler with 30° Rainbird nozzles. Treatments were applied in 0.38 in. water/acre on 1 to 2 Aug., and evaluated 18 Aug. Site 2 was planted to ‘DeKalb T 1100’ and irrigated with a Lockwood sprinkler with 180° nozzles. Treatments were applied in 0.32 in. water/acre on 4 to 5 Aug., and evaluated on 19 Aug. plots were ca. 10 acre sectors at both sites. Evaluations were made by counting the larvae in the ear zones of 3 groups of 25 plants.
Field Corn, Preemergence Treatments for True Armyworm Control, 1983
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated in Jun., 1983, in Montgomery County, Va., for their effectiveness in controlling the true armyworm in no-till field corn when applied as preemergence tank mix treatments with recommended herbicides and 30% liquid nitrogen. Corn was planted no-till in 30-in. rows 10 May. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring four rows by 50 ft by four replicates. The insecticides, herbicides, and liquid nitrogen were applied 11 May. A compressed air sprayer equipped with two fan type nozzles (Teejet 8004) and delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2. was used to place the treatments over each plot. Two 5-ft adjacent swath runs were made through each plot to assure uniform coverage of the rye cover. Plant stand counts were recorded 20 June by counting the number of armyworm damaged plants from the two center rows per plot. Yields were determined 14 Sept. Whole stalks were harvested as for ensilage from 0.0023 acre per plot.
Control of Boll Weevil, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A caged boll weevil study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides in control of the cotton boll weevil. Plots were two rows by 45 ft with two buffer rows separating plots. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Insecticide applications were made through a CO2 back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 7 gal/acre volume through two TX-4 nozzles (equipped with 100 mesh screens) per row. Adult boll weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at MSU. Nylon cloth bags, ca. 12 by 12 in. were used to cage the weevils on individual plants within plots. The weevils were placed into the bag which was then inverted over the treated plant and the open end of the bag secured on the stalk. Mortality was evaluated after the weevils had been caged for 24 h. Residual activity of five treatments was evaluated by caging weevils on the plants on 3 consecutive days (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h posttreatment), and evaluating mortality after the weevils had been caged for 24 h.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full Season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. St., Mississippi State, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 7 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 21.34 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Applications were made at ca. weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul., 1, 8, 16, 19 and 22 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 June, 8, 18, 22, 29 July, 10, 22 and 24 Aug. with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). One row within six of the plots was artificially infested with 2nd instar H. virescens larvae by use of a bazooka type insect dispenser. Infestations were made on 2 days during the insect application period at the rate of two larvae per ft of row. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 4 and 9 Aug. by randomly examining 25 squares and 25 terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 and 31 Oct. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Control of Cotton Aphid with Chemical Insecticides, Glen Allen, Miss. 1983
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Conley Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot experiment was conducted near Glen Allen, Miss., to measure the efficacy of several insecticide for control of cotton aphid. Plots were located in a production field with pretreatment densities of &gt;100 cotton aphids (adults and immatures) per upper leaf. Treatments were applied with a CO2 power backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2 of pressure. Plots were one row (38-in rows) by 50 ft with six buffer rows between plots. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block with four replicates. Pre-and posttreatment observations were made by counting the number of aphids present on 10 randomly selected upper leaves per plot. Because the density of aphids was extremely high in some plots at 10 days posttreatment, data were categorized as % upper leaves with 0 aphids/leaf, % upper leaves with 1 to 25 aphids/leaf, and % upper leaves with &gt;25 aphids per leaf.
Long-Term Effects of Pesticides on A Predator in Cotton, 1983
Authors: Yokoyama Victoria J. , Pritchard Jane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pestcides with low acute toxicity to the western bigeyed bug were tested at sublethal doses to determine long-term effects on female survival, fecundity, and egg viability. Adults were collected with a vacuum insect net from July to Aug. in cotton fields located at Wheeler Ridge, Calif. The purified compounds were purchased from Chem Service, West Chester, Pa. Each pesticide was tested at two sublethal doses determined from LD50 values in previous tests. One ml of each dose was applied in a methanol solution except Kelthane which was applied in benzene to both sides of a ca. 9-cm diam cotton leaf. Leaves used for controls were treated with solvent alone. The petiole of the leaf was wrapped with cotton and placed in a 9-ml glass vial (1.7 cm diam by 6.0 cm long) filled with water. The treated leaf and water vial were placed in a 150-ml glass bottle (5 cm diam by 10 cm high) with six raw sunflower seeds. An average of 55 unsexed adult western bigeyed bugs were aspirated into each bottle. The top of the bottle was covered with a 100% cotton organdy square (12 by 12 cm) and fastened with a rubber band. After a 24-h period of exposure survivors were transferred to a one-liter glass bottle (9 cm diam by 17 cm high) which was used as an ovipositional and rearing cage. Water in a cotton plugged 17-ml glass vial (2 cm diam by 7 cm long), 10 raw sunflower seeds, and 3 paper wipers (11 cm wide by 12.5 cm long) for ovispositional surfaces were placed in each cage. The insects were fed live aphids for prey every 48 h. All procedures were replicated four to six times for each dose tested. The cages were held at 25°C, 75% RH, and 18-h photoperiod. After 192 h all adults were removed, and female mortality was determined. Eggs were allowed to incubate in the cages for an additional 168 h. The tests were terminated by freezing at -25°C. All eggs and nymphs in each cage were counted.
Control of Hop Pests with Foliar Sprays, 1983
Authors: Baird Craig , Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in a commercial hop yard near Greenleaf, Idaho. Each plot consisted of eight hills. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block with four replicates. Aphid treatments were applied 11 July with a truck mounted sprayer with hose and handgun that applied 75 gal/acre at 100 lb/in2 . Miticide treatments were applied 30 Aug. with a Solo Air Blast Mist Blower at 50 gal/acre. Mite numbers were estimated by taking 10 leaves from the top of plants in each plot. Leaves were processed through a brushing machine and mites were counted under a compound microscope. Aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot.
Rice Stink Bug and Rice Water Weevil Control, 1982
Authors: Abdallah Fahmy El , Morgan D. R. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested on heading rice at the Rice Res. and Ext. Cent, at Stuttgart, Arz., for control of rice stink bug and rice water weevil adults. Both insect species were exposed to insecticides by confining them together on rice panicles with organdy sleeve cages (30 cm diam. by 55 cm long). First, cages were placed over panicles, tied off at bottom, rolled down and covered with aluminum foil. Then after each insecticide was applied at 10 gal/acre with a compressed air single nozzle sprayer, foil was removed and insects put into cages within 10 minutes after application. A total of 42 insects of each species were used per treatment, i.e., seven of each species in each of two cages per plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. After 4 days, caged plants were cut and transported to the laboratory where cages were opened and the number of dead and living insects were determined.
Control and Duration of Control of Selected Soybean Pest by Commonly Used Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on the White Sands Exp. Farm of the South Miss. Br. St. of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. St. in Poplarville, Miss. The plots were eight 40-in. rows wide and 100 ft long, or ca. 0.06 acre. Each plot was sampled with 25 sweeps of a 15-in. sweep net and samples were counted under laboratory conditions. Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Applications were applied on 24 Aug. with a John Deer Hi-boy using CO2 as a propellant at 5 gal total volume per acre. The most interesting results from this test is the variation among insecticides in their duration of control.
Apple, Mite Control, 1982
Authors: Forsythe H.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to 17-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays, using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 and at 300 to 350 gal/acre. Spray dates were 7 May (early tight cluster), 18 May (pink), 6 June (petal fall), 17 June (first cover), 9 July (third cover), and 19 July (fourth cover). The standard pesticide program during the course of this test consisted of Captan 80W (0.45 kg) on ten dates and Imidan 50W (0.45 kg) on five dates after blooming and Sevin 50W (0.91 kg) on 2 and 14 July. There were no mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were four single-tree replications in a randomized complete block design with four ‘Red Delicious’ cultivars per treatment in Test 1, and two ‘Cortland’ and two ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars in Test 2. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected, mostly at chest-height around the periphery. The leaves were brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20/alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day.
Dingy Cutworm Control in Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Gill James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested at a soybean field near Cannon Falls, Minn., which were being damaged by dingy cutworms. Six-row plots were established, 30 ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 27 May, using a hand operated compressed air sprayer delivering ca. 27 gal of water per acre as a banded spray over the plants. Plots were evaluated 2 June by counting all cut plants, plants which showed leaf injury, and living larvae.
Corn Earworm Control in Soybean Using Aerial and Ground Equipment, 1983
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy on corn earworms on soybean. Pydrin, Orthene, and Larvin were applied with a Cessna Agric. Wagon 188 aircraft delivering a total of 2 gal/acre formulation. Pydrin was applied on 30 Aug. to ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Wilson Davis farm in Haynesville, Va. Orthene was applied 30 Aug. to several soybean varieties grown on the Eastern Virginia Research Station at Warsaw, and Larvin was sprayed 12 Sep. on the James Crittenden farm on ‘Essex’ soybean. Pounce was applied 31 Aug. in 9 gal of total spray per acre with a John Deere 6000 High-cycle sprayer. This test was conducted on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Louis Packett farm in Richmond County, Va. All fields were sampled before insecticide application by taking 25-sweep samples in 10 random sites. Posttreatment observations were made using the same sampling techniques 1 and 7 days after application.
Grasshopper Controls on Soybean in Mississippi, 1983
Authors: Thead L. G. , Pitre H. N. , Hamer J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Populations of Orthoptera (adults only, ca. 83% Melanoplus spp.) were observed on 28 Sep. feeding on soybean, cv. Davis, (R5-R6 stage) planted broadcast on 9 July in Monroe County, Miss. Populations exceeded 74 grasshoppers (all species) per 20 sweeps (100 sq ft) using a standard 15-in. sweep net on 29 Sep. Eight insecticide treatments were evaluated for grasshopper control. Plots were 50 by 50 ft arranged in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Insecticides were applied in 10 gal of water/acre with a hand-held compressed air sprayer equipped with a solid cone nozzle using 30 lb/in2. The time of application was between 7 and 8 a.m., when grasshoppers were inactive. The temperature was ca. 55°F and the leaves were heavy with dew. Insecticides were applied throughout treatment plots with only minimal movement of the grasshopper population. On 30 Sep. (24 h postapplication) treatment plots were sampled using the 15-in. sweepnet (20 sweeps per plot). Sample time was between 6 and 7 a.m., and conditions were similar to those at application. Air temperatures reached a high of 83°F during the 24 h postapplication.
Control of Tobacco Budworms and Tobacco Hornworms with Foliar Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Lampert E. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 5 May, tobacco was transplanted into plots 80 by 15 ft (4 rows) on a Dothan loamy sand soil at the Central Crops Res. Stn., Clayton, N.C. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with three replicates. On 8 June, 15 uniform sized plants were tagged and infested with one, 2-day-old laboratory-reared budworm larva each. The two left-most rows in each plot were treated and the right-most two rows served as a buffer. Treatments were applied on 9 June. Sprays were applied to the two test rows per plot with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 boom sprayer fitted with one D2-33FC nozzle per row. Sprays were applied with a 60 lb/in2 at 1.4 mph to apply ca. 25 gal/acre. CME treatments were applied via a CO2, powered backpack sprayer fitted with two D2-33FC nozzles (one per row) under 60 lb/in attached to the spray rig traveling at 1.4 mph. Baits were applied directly into the bud using a teaspoon. At 3 and 8 days posttreatment, the tagged plants were examined and budworms counted. The number of leaves consumed on these plants (measured in 1/10 leaf equivalents per plant and summed over all 30 plants) was estimated after 14 days. Approximately 1 month after the first application, all plants in the buffer rows were cut to leave 3 to 4 leaves and the debris hauled from the field. Suckers grew from the leaf axils and ca. 2 weeks later, all were removed except one healthy sucker per plant. On 27 July, 15 uniform sized plants having one small natural infestation budworm larva were tagged in each row. If more larvae were present, all but one were removed. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul. as described above. Natural budworm and hornworm counts were made 5 and 9 days posttreatment. Leaf consumption by both insects was estimated after 15 days. Data were transformed by square root of count+0.5 before performing the analysis of variance.
Hornworm and Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1983
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Koziol F. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco that had been used in a previous study was cut off ca. 6 in. above the soil surface on 29 Jul. and single suckers were encouraged to develop on each plant. Plots, 12-ft (three rows) by 20-ft (12 plants), were separated by single border rows and 5-ft vacant alleys. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block of four replications. Hornworms and budworms were counted on 11 plants in each plot on 2 Sep. (pretreatraent) and 6 and 15 Sep. Insecticides were applied 3 Sep. Proxol 80 SP, Orthene 75SP, and Dipel WP were mixed with cornmeal to prepare the desired bait formulations. Some bait treatments were applied manually to the bud. Other baits were applied with a manual duster. Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer that delivered 10 gal of finished spray/acre through a TX-18 tip.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles on Dark Fire-Cured and Burley Tobacco with Transplant Solution Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco ‘Madole’ and ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on 8 Jun. at the Highland Rim Exp. St., Springfield. Insecticides were applied in transplant water at the rate of 400 gal for 8,000 plants of burley per acre, and 200 gal for 4,000 plants of the dark tobacco per acre. Plots were 200 ft long, four rows wide, arranged in three randomized complete blocks. Rows were spaced 42 in. apart; plants were spaced 18 in. within rows for burley and 36 in. for dark. Flea beetle damage was evaluated on 20 June and 12 July as number of feeding holes per plant.