bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxidation of Vinyl Cyanides by Lithium Hypochlorite in the presence of Fe3O4@Ag-CTAB as a new ecofriendly catalyst in aqueous medium
Authors: Shirali Mahdi , Mirhashemi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To cater for the requirement of environmental protection, CTAB-coated Fe3O4@Ag Nanoparticles as a new hybrid magnetic catalyst was prepared for the one-pot multicomponent epoxidation of a wide range of alkenes by lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl) in aqueous medium. FT-IR, TEM, XRD, EDS and VSM techniques were employed to characterize the structure of the magnetic catalyst. The results obtained revealed that the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modification effectively decreased the particle size and enhanced the dispersion of the particles in solution. Application of this catalyst was studied efficiently in one-pot multicomponent synthesis of epoxide derivatives. The structure of the synthesized epoxides was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The main advantages of our work are reusability of the catalyst, easy work up, Short reaction times and use of water as a green solvent.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Ischyja manlia (incertae sedis) and Rusicada privata (Noctuoidea, Erebidae) with implications for their phylogeny
Authors: Riyaz Muzafar , Shah Rauf Ahmad , Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu , Kuppusamy Sivasankaran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For the phylogenetic inference among members of the family Erebidae, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two species namely, Ischyja manlia and Rusicada privata. The two circular genomes of Ischyja manlia and Rusicada privata were 15,879 bp and 15,563 bp long respectively. The gene order was identical containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of the R. privata mitogenome A + T rich region was 80.65% but it was lower than that of I. manlia (81.09%). The AT skew and GC skew were slightly positive in I. manlia and negative in R. privata. In I. manlia and R. privata, except for cox1, which started with CGA and TTG codons, all other 12 PCGs started with ATN codons. The A + T-rich regions of I. manlia and R. privata were 433 bp and 476 bp long, respectively and contained common Noctuoidea moths’ characteristics. The phylogenetic analysis based on the PCGs and two rRNAs showed that the relationships within Erebidae were reconstructed as (Notodontidae+ ((Erebidae+ (Nolidae + Euteliidae + Noctuidae)))) using both Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference approaches. The Ischyja was placed earlier in subfamily Catocalinae and miscellaneous genera, however, the present study reveals that the genus Ischyja can be placed in subfamily Erebinae. However, more mitogenomes should be sequenced in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the whole family.
Anatomical Examinations of Selected Wood Species of Nigerian Genera in Anacardiaceae Family
Authors: Adeniyi Ifedayo , Areo Olusola , Alao Oluwaseyi , Olayiwola Yetunde 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nigerian Anacarddiacea family was investigated in this study on the account of their inherent structures with a view to bringing to the fore those features that could facilitate identification towards proper utilization based on wood quality. Mature wood species of Lannea grandis, Lannea welwitchii, Mangifera indica, Nothospondis staudtia, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Sclerocarya burrea, Sorindeia trimeris, Spondias mangifera, Spondias mombin and Trichoscypha acuminate were got from the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria herbaratum, in Ibadan. Wood samples from the wood species were sectioned into cross sectional, tangential and radial sections of about 20µm thick using a Reichert sliding microtome. Photomicrographs were taken using a digital camera mounted on a Reichert light microscope at 40 ×. The results showed that vessels were large in all the wood species except in Lannea species, Sclerocarya burrea, Nothospondis staudtia and Trichoscypha acuminata. Body ray cells were procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells in all the wood species, but could be up to four rows in Sorindeia trimeris. Generally, septate fibres, silica,crystals and gum were observed in almost all the wood species, yet, fibre pits in Mangifera indica, Nothospondis staudtia, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Sclerocarya burrea, Spondias mombin, and L. grandis were not as bordered as they were in L. acida, L. welwitchii, Sorindeia trimeris, Spondias mangifera, and Trichoscypha acuminata. S..mombin and S. mangifera can be separated on this account. It also appears that rays were storied only in Sorindeia trimeris and L. grandis. In the aspect of wood utilization, some were expected to possess fine texture, lustrous patterns and also regions of failures as a result of high rays.
Impact of glycemic gap on 30-day adverse outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Shuang , Yang Yan-min , Zhu Jun , Xu Wei , Wang Lu-lu , Lyu Si-qi , Wang Juan , Shao Xing-hui , Zhang Han 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) generally occurs in critical illness. Recently, glycemic gap (GAP) has been considered to be a superior indicator of SIH. However, data on the association between GAP and prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is limited. This observational study aimed to estimate the prognostic value of GAPmean, defined as the difference between mean blood glucose level within 24 hours after admission and A1c-derived average glucose (ADAG), in patients with acute STEMI. Methods: A total of 4952 patients with acute STEMI were included in the final analysis, and they were divided into four groups according to GAPmean quartiles and diabetes mellitus (DM). The primary outcomes were defined as all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis were performed.Results: At 30 days of follow-up, 324 (6.5%) deaths and 569 (11.5%) MACEs occurred. With the elevation of GAPmean, the incidence of all-cause mortality (4.0%, 5.6%, 6.5%, and 10.1%) and MACEs (7.3%, 9.6%, 11.4%, and 17.7%) significantly increased. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that GAPmean was superior to admission blood glucose (ABG) and GAPadm (defined as the difference between ABG and ADAG) to detect adverse outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated GAPmean was independently associated with all-cause death and MACEs, with the hazards ratio (HR) for all-cause death in the second, third, and fourth quartiles with the first quartile as reference were 1.50 (95% CI 1.04-2.18), 1.62 (95% CI 1.13-2.32), and 2.18 (95% CI 1.55-3.08), and for MACEs were 1.37 (95% CI 1.04-1.81), 1.56 (95% CI 1.20-2.04), and 2.13 (95% CI 1.65-2.76), respectively, which was independent of the status of DM. Continuous NRI analysis revealed that GAPmean significantly improved risk stratification for all-cause mortality and CEEs by 21.6% and 19.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Glycemic gap between the mean level of blood glucose within 24 hours after admission and ADAG was independently associated with 30-day all-cause death and MACEs in patients with acute STEMI, which was consistent in both DM patients and non-DM patients, and it can provide incremental accuracy in the risk stratification of STEMI.
The changes of xerostomia and caries risk induced by radiotherapy under the protection of the personalized PMMA oral stents in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a preliminary prospective study
Authors: Zhu Hualing , Li Yanyao , Hua Chengge , Zhong Yisi , Zou Ling , Jiang Li 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose：The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the change of xerostomia and caries risk under the protection of the personalized PMMA oral stents before, during and after radiotherapy, and to determine its effectiveness in prevention of xerostomia.Methods：A total of 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, who were receiving Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were included. Each patient was given a personalized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) oral stent. Assessment of xerostomia and caries risk was done before, during and after radiotherapy, at 1-month and 3-month intervals. Xerostomia was estimated by measurement of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates (objective evaluation) and xerostomia questionnaire (subjective evaluation). Cariostat was used to assess Caries risk. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results：The average unstimulated saliva flow rate of patients in this study decreased gradually from Pre-RT (0.48ml/min) to Post-RT-3m (0.12ml/min). And the average stimulated saliva flow rate decreased gradually from Pre-RT (0.78ml/min) to Post-RT-1m (0.18ml/min) and followed by minimal recovery trend at Post-RT-3m (0.23ml/min). As for the percentage change of stimulated saliva, it dropped to 53.9% at Mid-RT and 41.7% at Post-RT-1m, but recovered to 44.6% at Post-RT-3m compared to the baseline. The average values of Cariostat scores are 1.292 at Pre-RT, 1.417 at Mid-RT, 1.583 at Post-RT-1m and 1.708 at Post-RT-3m. The score of Xerostomia questionnaire was negatively correlated with the percentage of unstimulated and stimulated saliva change(P<0.05).Conclusion：After radiotherapy, all NPC patients were troubled by xerostomia, and caries risk of most patients have increased. Stimulated salivary flow rate can be used as an objective indicator to evaluate xerostomia induced by radiotherapy. The patient-rated xerostomia may be an acceptable indicator of reduced saliva flow. The personalized PMMA oral stents can decrease the severity of xerostomia and improve the quality of life of NPC patients after radiotherapy.
Effect of cepharanthine on the stemness of lung squamous cell carcinoma based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics
Authors: Liu Bo , Deng Jian-xiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has poor survival prognosis and few clinical treatment options. We urgently need to explore new therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Cepharanthine (CEP), which has been shown to have anticancer effects in several tumors, but the mechanism of CEP in treating LUSC has not been reported. Methods. SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper and GeneCards were used to identify targets of CEP and LUSC. Further topological analysis was used to obtain hub genes via Cytoscape. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the combination of CEP with hub targets. Based on bioinformatics, we first analyzed the expression and survival of hub targets in LUSC, and further analyzed the correlation between hub targets and cancer stemness, immune cell infiltration and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Results. A total of 41 targets were identified. Further topological analysis identified 6 hub genes: AURKA, CCNA2, CCNE1, CDK1, CHEK1 and PLK1. Molecular docking analysis showed that CEP had stable binding to all these 6 target proteins. In-depth bioinformatics analysis of these 6 targets showed that high expression of these targets were positively correlated with cancer stemness index, and negatively correlated with tumor infiltrating immune cells. In immune subtype analysis, the expressions of these targets were significantly decreased in inflammatory tumors. In addition, we also found that the expressions of these targets were positively correlated with TMB. Conclusion. Based on multidisciplinary analysis, we preliminarily identified potential targets of CEP for LUSC treatment and suggested that CEP may play a role in regulating LUSC stemness.
Cadmium-induced oviductal magnum injury in laying hens via impairing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation
Authors: Zhu Mingkun , Zou Xiaoting , Li Muwang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the toxic impacts of Cd on the oviductal magnum, which is the main site for the egg-white protein synthesis and secretion. Three hundred and eighty four healthy 38-week-old hens were randomly divided into four treatments. Layers in 4 groups were fed a basal diet (control) and a basal diet with Cd at the level of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg for 9 weeks. Results showed that Cd could dose-dependently deposited in the magnum tissue and a positive correlation occurred between the accumulation of Cd in the magnum and Cd content in egg whites. When compared with the control group, 60 mg/kg Cd exposure decreased the gene expression of ovomucin (OVM), ovalbumin (OVAL), lysozyme (LYZ) and orosomucoid (ORM1), but increased the gene expression of avidin (AVD) obviously (P < 0.05). The level of GSH and the activities of T-SOD and CAT were decreased significantly, while the MDA level was increased obviously in layers treated with 60 mg/kg Cd (P < 0.05). The gene and protein levels of Nrf2 and its downstream target molecules, including HO-1, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were significantly down-regulated in 60 mg/kg Cd group (P < 0.05). While, the protein level of Keap1 was up-regulated obviously (P < 0.05). Besides, Cd exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), and inflammation accompanied by a significant up-regulation of the gene expressions of Grp78, CHOP, ATF4, ATF6 IRE1α, Grp94, PINK1, Parkin, FUNDC1, GRP75, VDAC1, MCU, MFF, autophagy-related proteins Bnip3, LC3I and LC3II, NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL1β and TNFα, and a significant down-regulation of the gene expressions of MFN1, MFN2 and PGC1α (P < 0.05). These results suggested that Cd-induced chicken’s magnum toxicity is closely related to inhibition of Nrf2 signaling, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of MAMs coupling.
Exosomal circZFR promotes colorectal cancer progression via interacting with BCLAF1 and regulating the miR-3127-5p/RTKN2 axis
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Xu Jianbin , Wang Huijuan , Chen Engeng , Meng Qing , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Wei , Shan Ge , Ju Zhenyu , Song Zhangfa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained attention as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Aberrant expression of circRNAs is widely involved in cancer development, whereas the function and mechanism of novel circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear.
Methods
CircZFR was identified both in CRC tissues from the GEO database and in serum exosomes by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray. The expression of circZFR was evaluated in CRC tissues and serum by qRT-PCR and in tissue microarray (TMA) by FISH. The functional roles were confirmed using a series of in vitro assays and tumor xenografts and pulmonary/hepatic metastasis mouse models. The mechanisms of circZFR were assessed through circRNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual-luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments. Lastly, TCP1-CD-QDs nanocarrier was used to carry circZFR siRNA (si-circZFR) to exam the therapeutic potential of circZFR in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.
Results
CircZFR was upregulated in cancer tissues and serum exosomes of CRC patients and its level was positively associated to advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis. Serum circZFR was indicative of CRC incidence, advanced-stages and metastasis. Functional experiments demonstrated that circZFR promoted CRC proliferation and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, exosomes with upregulation of circZFR facilitated growth and migration of cocultured CRC cells. Mechanistically, the generation of circZFR could be improved by epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) in CRC cells. CircZFR bound to BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) and inhibited its ubiquitinated degradation. Moreover, circZFR sponged miR-3127-5p to increase the expression of rhotekin 2 (RTKN2). Our TCP1-CD-QDs nanocarrier was able to carry si-circZFR and delivered them to the vasculature of CRC tissues and cells, resulting in suppressive tumor growth without obvious adverse effects in PDX models.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ESRP1-mediated circZFR exerts oncogenic effects on CRC development and spread through suppressing BCLAF1 degradation and regulating the miR-3127-5P/RTKN2 axis. CircZFR is a promising serum biopsy marker for CRC diagnosis and an attractive target for further therapy.
DMOG attenuates steroid-associated endothelial progenitor cell impairment and osteonecrosis of the femoral head via regulating HIF-1α signaling pathway in rabbit
Authors: Shao Wenkai , Li Zilin , Wang Bo , Gong Song , Han Lizhi , Chen Zhixiang , Lv Xiao , Feng Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), generally caused by chronic or/and high-dose use of Glucocorticoids (GCs), has long been puzzling mankind for a long time as the most essential etiology for non-traumatic ONFH. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an essential transcription factor that plays a significant role in maintaining bone homeostasis. By repressing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymic activity, Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) was reported to inhibit the transcription and activation of HIF-1α. Recently, the impairment and dysfunction of endothelium has been closely related to the pathogenesis of SONFH. Our previous studies have shown the compromised number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which are the major source of restoring the endothelium during reendothelialization in SONFH patients. Nevertheless, whether activated HIF-1α by DMOG could alleviate GCs-related damaged biological function of EPCs remains unclear.Methods: We investigated that regulating HIF-1α signaling pathway of EPCs could be the therapeutic target for SONFH in vitro and vivo. Western blot analysis was used to assess protein expression. Transwell, tube formation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase and ELISA assays were carried out in vitro. SONFH was induced by methylprednisolone combined with lipopolysaccharide in rabbits. Histological staining of sections were conducted to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α which is of significance for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of local femoral head slices and flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood were used to quantify the number of EPCs.Results: High dose of GCs remarkably inhibited HIF-1α expression and subsequently compromised the bioactivity in EPCs. DMOG treatment was able to reverse the impairment effects in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, while inhibition of HIF-1α by KC7F2 essentially attenuated these outcomes. Our in vivo experiments also showed that DMOG obviously increased blood supply and alleviated osteonecrosis owing to the increased HIF-1α expression of EPCs. Conclusion: The importance of HIF-1α to the regulation of EPCs is emphasized due to its reendothelialization in SONFH. Our results indicated that DMOG not only promoted the activation of HIF-1α signaling pathway in EPCs, but also boosted endogenous EPCs targeting and homing to damaged endothelium beneficial to reendothelialization in femoral head.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may be drivers of tissue destruction in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Kaneko Naoki , Chen Hu , Perugino Cory A , Maehara Takashi , Munemura Ryusuke , Yokomizo Shiho , Sameshima Junsei , Diefenbach Thomas J , Chinju Akira , Miyahara Yuka , Sakamoto Mizuki , Moriyama Masafumi , Stone John H , Nakamura Seiji , Pillai Shiv 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis is poorly understood and that lacks effective therapies. Detailed quantitative and spatial analyses of tissues affected by Sjögren’s syndrome were undertaken, including the quantitation of the frequency of selected cell-cell interactions in the disease milieu. Quantitative analyses of CD4 + T cell subsets and of CD8 + T cells in the labial salivary glands from untreated patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome revealed that activated CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + CTLs) were the most prominent T cells in these infiltrates. An accumulation of apoptotic glandular epithelial cells was observed, consistent with the impaired salivary secretion often observed in patients with this disease. FasL expressing activated CD8 + T cells were seen to accumulate around Fas expressing apoptotic epithelial cells. Quantitative analyses of apoptotic cell types and of conjugates between cytotoxic T cells and epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis suggest that Sjögren’s syndrome is primarily driven by CD8 + CTL mediated execution of epithelial cells.
Causal Association Between Genetically Determined Iron Status and Lung Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li shizhen , Xiao xun , zhang xiangyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: observational studies have demonstrated that the causal relationship between iron status and lung cancer remains unclear causality. A two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to identify the causal association between iron status traits and risk of lung cancer.Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated (P <5 × 10-8) with four biomarkers of systemic iron status were obtained from a genome-wide association study containing 48,972 subjects from the Genetics of Iron Status Consortium (GISC). Summary-level data for the genetic associations with lung cancer were extracted from International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) on 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls. We used a two-sample MR study to obtain causal estimates and assessed by sensitivity analyses.Results: Genetically determined serum iron [OR, 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-1.00; P=0.025)] had a negative effect on lung cancer, while no significant association with lung cancer was found in transferrin saturation (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-1.02; P=0.110), log10 ferritin (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.52-1.12; P=0.170), and transferrin (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86-1.38; P=0.470).Conclusion: In conclusion, our results strongly supported a causal link between genetically determined lower serum iron levels and increased risk of lung cancer. These findings may provide a potential clinical prevention and treatment strategy.
Lethal condition of water quality parameters and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water and fish from Balu River, Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Bilkis , Banu Mst Rubia , Haque Md. Rezoanul , Mondal Md. Nurunnabi , Hossain Md. Amzad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study was carried to measure the water quality parameters and concentration of heavy metals in water and fish in wet and dry seasons. Temperature, color and odor, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total solid (TS), optical density, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) of water and the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr) in water and five fish species (Puntius ticto, Channa punctatus, Glossogobius giuris, Amblypharyngodon mola and Mystus vittatus) were determined. The River water was slightly black, light gray and black in color and the odor was highly pungent in dry season. The DO values were lethal for aquatic lives. Temperature and pH were within the suitable limit in wet season. The TDS, EC and TS of water were higher in dry than wet season. The decreasing trend of metals concentrations was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd in water and Zn > Cu and Pb > Cr > Cd in fish species. The concentration of metals in the water and fish were higher during dry than wet season. The Cu in G. giuris, Pb, Cr, Zn in A. mola, the Cd value in C. punctatus were the highest among other fishes during dry season. However, the total metal bioaccumulation were the greatest in A. mola and the lowest in P. ticto during dry season. The water was highly deteriorated in dry season compared to wet season and this might be due to discharges from the nearest industries.