bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD44 receptor diversity and potential in preventative and regenerative therapies
Authors: Midgley Adam C. , Zhao Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe cell‐surface receptor CD44 has collected a library of diverse functionalities represented across multiple facets of health and disease. Recent revelations by Kim et al. indicate the importance of CD44 and its interacting proteins in the governance over critical hepatocyte cell processes, which promote liver tissue regeneration. In this commentary, we discuss prospective solutions for targeting of CD44 via its variant isoforms to elicit therapeutic outcomes. We also provide examples of targeting and exploiting CD44 variant candidates, as well as their shared hyaluronan binding function, for the purpose of achieving preventative and regenerative therapies.
Small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix accompanied by adenocarcinoma and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Okabe Asako , Ishida Mitsuaki , Noda Yuri , Okano Kimiaki , Sandoh Kaori , Fukuda Hisato , Kita Masato , Okada Hidetaka , Tsuta Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFew cytological reports have described small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) in the female genital tract. In the present study, we describe a cytological case of SCNEC accompanied by adenocarcinoma, as well as high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). A Japanese woman (42 years old) presented with abnormal genital bleeding. A conventional Papanicolaou smear revealed an inflammatory condition with three neoplastic components: SCNEC as irregular aggregates of neoplastic small round cells with nuclear molding and granular chromatin; adenocarcinoma as columnar cell clusters with peripherally located large nuclei, and HSIL as sheets or clusters of dysplastic basal‐type squamous cells with irregular hyperchromatic nuclei. Accordingly, a cytodiagnosis of SCNEC with adenocarcinoma and HSIL was made. Owing to the rarity of cervical SCNEC, cytological diagnosis may be difficult. Due to its aggressive clinical behavior, the presence of an SCNEC component should be verified in any cytodiagnosis of adenocarcinoma or HSIL.
“Age is just a number”; frailty as a marker of peri‐operative risk in head and neck surgery: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Davey Matthew G. , O'Neill James P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty refers to a patient's reduced capacity to withstand stressors due to a reduction in physiologic reserves. We assessed the impact of frailty on outcomes following head and neck surgery.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Meta‐analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method.ResultsFourteen studies incorporating 182 059 patients were included in qualitative synthesis with 15 953 (8.8%) of patients deemed as frail. Meta‐analysis incorporating nine studies demonstrated that frailty is associated with an increased 30 day postoperative morbidity (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.98–3.80; p < 0.01) and meta‐analysis with six studies suggested increased 30‐day mortality (OR 2.94; 95% CI 2.62–3.31; p < 0.01). Preliminary meta‐analyses between two and five studies suggested that frail patients had reduced overall survival and were more likely to be discharged to a nonhome location or readmitted within 30 days.ConclusionsFrailty appears to be associated with poor short‐term outcomes following head and neck surgery and may improve understanding of an individual patient's peri‐operative risk.
Association of low skeletal muscle mass and systemic inflammation with surgical complications and survival after microvascular flap reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Chargi Najiba , Breik Omar , Forouzanfar Tymour , Martin Timothy , Praveen Prav , Idle Matthew , Parmar Satyesh , de Bree Remco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle mass (SMM) and chronic inflammation are associated with postoperative complications and survival.MethodsPatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing microvascular free flap reconstruction were included. SMM and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured and their association with treatment outcomes analyzed.ResultsFive hundred and fifty‐four patients were included. Predictors for complications were elevated NLR in all flaps (OR 1.5), low SMM in radial forearm flap (OR 2.0), and elevated NLR combined with low SMM in fibula flap surgery (OR 4.3). Patients with solely elevated NLR were at risk for flap‐related complications (OR 3.0), severe complications (OR 2.2), and when combined with low SMM for increased length of hospital stays (LOS) (+3.9 days). In early‐stage HNC, low SMM (HR 2.3), and combined elevated NLR with low SMM (HR 2.6) were prognostics for decreased overall survival.ConclusionsSMM and NLR are predictive for poor outcomes in patients with HNC undergoing microvascular reconstruction.
Smoke deposition to water surfaces drives hydrochemical changes
Authors: Boyer Elizabeth W. , Moritz Max A. , Brown Michael G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents a unique data set from a laboratory experiment where we explored changes in the chemical composition of deionized water samples exposed to smoke. Inside a laboratory hood, water samples placed into a chamber were exposed to smoke for up to 60 min. The pattern of variations in hydrochemistry observed over time with increasing smoke exposure was similar in response to two different smoke treatments generated from burning tree litter. To estimate the smoke dosage and assess the consistency of replicate smoke treatments, we conducted additional experiments to evaluate changes in light transmission. Smoke inputs to the deionized water samples drove changes in hydrochemistry, with increases in acidity (with decreasing pH values), the content of organic matter (with increasing concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen), and the content of inorganic N species (with increasing concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite). The study was conducted on deionized water samples, and the results may not be directly transferrable to natural waters. Stream or lake waters that are low in ionic strength, poorly buffered, or low in acid‐neutralizing capacity might respond the most similar to the results of this study. In contrast, well‐buffered surface waters having higher acid‐neutralizing capacity would be more likely to neutralize acidic inputs from the smoke without significant effects on water quality. The publicly available dataset associated with this study will contribute to further consideration of the relative importance of short‐term changes in hydrochemistry driven by in‐stream inputs (e.g., changes in water chemistry from direct smoke deposition to the water surface) in contrast to terrestrial inputs (e.g., changes in water chemistry stemming from altered flow paths and source areas of the burned watershed landscape).
Advances in evapotranspiration prediction using gross primary productivity based on eco‐physiological constraints
Authors: Nguyen My Ngoc , Choi Minha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation plays a central role in better understanding the allocation of water resources in a time of increasing scarcity; however, ET estimation remains many challenges. To enhance the accuracy of ET prediction, this study proposes an enhanced gross primary productivity (GPP)‐based Priestley–Taylor algorithm (GPP‐PT) that uses GPP to compute fractional vegetation cover (fV). In terms of soil moisture fraction (fSM), it is described by using either diurnal temperature (DT) or soil moisture index (SWI), conducting two variations of the proposed model (i.e., hereafter called GPP‐DT and GPP‐SWI, respectively). These two improved algorithms were compared with their previous models, the GPP‐DT with a modified satellite‐based Priestley–Taylor model (MS‐PT), and the GPP‐SWI with a soil water index (SWI)‐based Priestley–Taylor model (SWI‐PT). Datasets from 42 flux towers covering different land cover types were used to investigate the performance of these algorithms. The GPP‐DT algorithm was found to be superior to the MS‐PT model, with 12.60% and 10.42% reductions in the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), respectively, and with 9.05% and 2.19% increases in the determination coefficient (R2) and index of agreement (IOA), respectively. Similarly, the GPP‐SWI model yielded RMSE and MAE reductions of 10.95% and 10.67%, respectively, andR2and IOA increases of 8.88% and 3.72%, respectively, compared to the SWI‐PT model. In the direct comparison between the two newly proposed models, the GPP‐DT model performed better in shrubland and forest, whereas the GPP‐SWI model performed more efficiently in grassland. Sensitivity analysis found that soil moisture was more sensitive to both evaporation and transpiration than DT in most land cover types, and the GPP had a stable relationship with transpiration in different biomes. The newly improved GPP‐PT models were robust and effective for estimating ET and might thus be used as a reliable input for hydrological models.
In silico prediction of chemical aquatic toxicity by multiple machine learning and deep learning approaches
Authors: Xu Minjie , Yang Hongbin , Liu Guixia , Tang Yun , Li Weihua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFish is one of the model animals used to evaluate the adverse effects of a chemical exposed to the ecosystem. However, its low throughput and relevantly high expense make it impossible to test all new chemicals in manufacture. Hence, using in silico models to prioritize compounds to be tested has been widely applied in environmental risk assessment and drug discovery. In this study, we constructed the local predictive models for four fish species, including bluegill sunfish, rainbow trout, fathead minnow, and sheepshead minnow, and the global models with all four fish data. A total of 1874 unique compounds with their labels, that is, toxic (LC50 < 10 ppm) or nontoxic, were collected from ECOTOX and literature. Both conventional machine learning methods and the deep learning architecture, graph convolutional network (GCN), were used to build predictive models. The classification accuracy of the best local model for each fish species was higher than 0.83. For the global models, two strategies including consistency prediction and probability threshold were adopted to improve the predictive capability at the cost of limiting applicability domain. For 63% of compounds in domain, the accuracy was around 0.97. By comparison of the deep learning and machine learning methods, we found that the single‐task GCN showed specific advantages in performance, and multitask GCN showed no advantages over the conventional machine learning methods. The data and models are available on GitHub (https://github.com/ChemPredict/ChemicalAquaticToxicity).
An estimate of extracellular vesicle secretion rates of human blood cells
Authors: Auber Martin , Svenningsen Per 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the intercellular transfer of RNA and proteins through cellular secretion into the extracellular space. In blood plasma, circulating EVs are mainly derived from blood cells; however, factors that control plasma EV abundance are largely unknown. Here, we estimate the EV secretion rates for blood cell types using reported values for cell‐specific plasma EV abundances and their parental cell's ubiquity in healthy humans. While we found that plasma contains on average ∼2 plasma EVs/cell, the cell‐specific EV‐to‐cell ratio spanned four orders of magnitude from 0.13 ± 0.1 erythrocyte‐derived EVs/erythrocyte to (1.9 ± 1.3) × 103 monocyte‐derived EVs/monocyte. The steady‐state plasma EV level was maintained by an estimated plasma EV secretion rate of (1.5 ± 0.4) × 1012 EVs/min. The cell‐specific secretion rate estimates were highest for monocytes (45 ± 21 EVs/cell/min) and lowest for erythrocytes ((3.2 ± 3.0) × 10−3 EVs/cell/min). The estimated basal cell‐specific EV secretion rates were not significantly correlated to the cell's lifespan or size; however, we observed a highly significant correlation to cellular mitochondrial enzyme activities. Together, our analysis indicates that cell‐specific mitochondrial metabolism, for example, via reactive oxygen species, affects plasma EV abundance through increased secretion rates, and the results provide a resource for understanding EV function in human health and disease.
多部位の出血を繰り返した自己免疫性後天性凝固第XIII/13因子欠乏症の1例(A case of autoimmune acquired factor XIII/13 deficiency with recurring multiple site bleeding)
Authors: (Yuki Kaki) 柿 佑樹 , (Kazuyuki Miyamoto) 宮本 和幸 , (Motoyasu Nakamura) 中村 元保 , (Mariko Kurihara) 栗原 茉莉子 , (Jun Sasaki) 佐々木 純 , (Kenji Dohi) 土肥 謙二 , (Munetaka Hayashi) 林 宗貴 
Published: June 2022

要旨血液凝固第XIII/13因子（FXIII/13）はフィブリンの安定化に関与し，凝固に重要な役割を担っている。自己免疫性後天性凝固第XIII/13因子欠乏症は，FXIII/13に対する自己抗体が産生され，誘因なく突然の重篤な出血を来すことがある。症例は80歳代の女性で突然の上腹部痛で救急搬送された。腹部～骨盤造影CTで脾動脈分枝からの造影剤の血管外漏出があり，緊急動脈塞栓術（以下，TAE）を施行した。入院経過中に原因不明の皮下出血が多数出現したが，著明な貧血の進行，血液凝固機能検査で異常がなく，自己抗体も陰性であったため，一旦退院した。退院後に再度深部からの出血があり，緊急TAEを施行した。入院後の検査でFXIII/13活性の低下があり，クロスミキシング試験で自己免疫性後天性凝固第XIII/13因子欠乏症と診断し，血液内科で加療を行った。本疾患では出血部位や出血量によっては致死的となることがあり，迅速な診断と治療が不可欠である。高齢者は組織が脆弱で紫斑もできることも多い。通常の血液凝固機能検査では異常を認めないため診断されていない可能性がある。救急診療で多部位に出血を繰り返す症例では本疾患を念頭におき。FXIII/13活性測定を積極的に行うべきと考える。
Inflow Angle Impacts Morphology, Hemodynamics, and Inflammation of Side‐wall Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Fu Mingzhu , Peng Fei , Niu Hao , He Xiaoxin , Chen Shuo , Zhang Miaoqi , Xia Jiaxiang , Wang Yishi , Xu Boya , Liu Aihua , Li Rui 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAneurysm inflow angle has been shown to be associated with hemodynamic changes by computational fluid dynamics. However, these studies were based on single aneurysm model and were limited to side‐wall aneurysms.PurposeTo investigate the association between inflow angle and morphology, hemodynamic, and inflammation of intracranial side‐wall and bifurcation aneurysms.Study typeProspective.PopulationA total of 62 patients (aged 58.34 ± 12.39, 44 female) with 59 unruptured side‐wall aneurysms and 17 unruptured bifurcation aneurysms were included.Field strength/sequenceA 3.0 T; 3D fast field echo sequence (TOF‐MRA); free‐breathing, 3D radio‐frequency‐spoiled, multi‐shot turbo field echo sequence (4D‐flow MRI); 3D black‐blood T1‐weighted volumetric turbo spin echo acquisition sequence (T1‐VISTA)AssessmentTwo neuroradiologists assessed the inflow angle and size for intracranial aneurysms in 3D space with TOF‐MRA images. The average and maximum inflow velocity (Vavg‐IA, Vmax‐IA), blood flow (Flowavg‐IA, Flowmax‐IA), and average wall shear stress (WSSavg‐IA) for aneurysms were assessed from 4D‐flow MRI in regions of interest drawn by two neuroradiologists. The aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) grades between precontrast and postcontrast T1‐VISTA images were evaluated by three neuroradiologists.Statistical testsKruskal–Wallis H test, χ2 test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, scatter plots and regression lines, multivariate logistic regression analysis (partial correlation r) were performed. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe WSSavg‐IA (0.52 ± 0.34 vs. 0.27 ± 0.22) and AWE grades (1.38 ± 1.04 vs. 2.02 ± 0.68) between the two inflow angle subgroups of side‐wall aneurysms were significantly different. The aneurysm size (rs = 0.31), WSSavg‐IA (rs = −0.45), and AWE grades (rs = 0.45) were significantly correlated with inflow angle in side‐wall aneurysms. While in bifurcation aneurysms, there were no significant associations between inflow angle and size (P = 0.901), Vavg‐IA (P = 0.699), Vmax‐IA (P = 0.482), Flowavg‐IA (P = 0.550), Flowmax‐IA (P = 0.689), WSSavg‐IA (P = 0.573), and AWE grades (P = 0.872).Data conclusionA larger aneurysm size, a lower WSS and a higher AWE grade were correlated with a larger inflow angle in side‐wall aneurysms.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Impact of computed tomography metal artifact reduction protocol on periprosthetic tissue characterization after total hip arthroplasty: A cadaveric study
Authors: Dwyer Andrew , Korlaet Mishelle , Callary Stuart A. , Robertson Thomas , Smitham Peter , Solomon Lucian B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal artifact reduction (MAR) has improved computed tomography (CT) imaging of total hip arthroplasty (THA) but the assessment of osteolysis and implant to bone contact relies on the accurate depiction of bone defects, cancellous bone, and cement. This study evaluates the impact of available single and dual‐energy protocols on periprosthetic tissue characterization in a cadaveric phantom. Bilateral THA was performed on a fresh frozen cadaveric pelvis with simulated osteolytic cavities. CT acquisitions with projection‐based MAR and noise equivalence were performed using single energy 140 kVp, single energy 150 kVp with 0.6 mm tin filtration, and dual‐energy at 100/150 kVp with 0.6 mm tin filtration, from which simulated energies were extracted. Image subtraction, segmentation, region of interest histograms, and line profiles were used to characterize tissue density and separation. Tissue densities were heavily dependent on the energy profile of the protocol. Cancellous bone ranged from 182 to 45 HU and cement from 1012 to 131 HU using 140 kVp compared to dual‐energy with weighted high energy tube, respectively. Spectral separation between cancellous bone, osteolytic defect, and cement was reduced for all protocols compared with 140 kVp. Spectral overlap was most severe using dual‐energy with heavily weighted high‐energy tubes. Dual‐energy algorithms reduced trabecular contrast within the cancellous bone and cortical edge response. Although the dual‐energy acquisition has been proposed as an additive to projection‐based MAR techniques in THA, reduced density and contrast in clinically relevant periprosthetic tissue compared to 140 kVp single energy may limit its use in characterizing periprosthetic tissues.
Three‐dimensional wave propagation in a solid pile during torsional low strain integrity test
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Zongqin , El Naggar M. Hesham , Wu Wenbing , Wang Lixing , Jiang Guosheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe torsional low strain integrity test (TLSIT) is now regarded as the most potent alternative to the longitudinal wave test for the existing pile evaluation. However, the lack of the 3D wave theory for the TLSITs greatly hinders the application of this method. This paper establishes a coupled 3D soil‐pile model based on the continuum theory. A corresponding analytical solution of the dynamic pile response is derived and subsequently verified through the comparisons against the 1D wave theory and the Finite Difference Method. The proposed model exhibits the transverse wave interferences and finds: (1) The transverse wave interference that occurred during the TLSITs can be seen gradually alleviated from the pile center to the pile edge. (2) The larger the pile dimensions are, the greater the transverse wave interference would be.
Environmentally friendly bio‐inspired folded sandwich panels—Fabrication and mechanical behavior
Authors: Zhang Chun , Liang Liang , Yan Leilei , Sun Xiaobo , Zheng Xitao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA manufacturing method of folded and straight corrugated plate structure printed by environmentally‐friendly polylactic acid filled with environmentally‐friendly paraffin wax is proposed. Experimental investigations are conducted to characterize the out‐of‐plane compressive behaviors, including stress–strain curve, deformation processing, failure mode, strength, and energy absorption. By filling paraffin wax, the out‐of‐plane compression failure mode of sandwich materials from buckling (corresponding to empty corrugated sandwich panels) to wrinkling or crushing, which greatly improves the strength. Due to paraffin wax and its interaction with composite origami core, the energy absorption capacity is significantly enhanced. The research shows that the half‐filled folded corrugated sandwich structure not only has excellent specific energy absorption advantages, the paraffin wax has excellent heat absorption and release performance, and the unfilled part is just used as a heat flow channel to facilitate the flow of heat. This work has created a new method for rapid preparation of lightweight sandwich materials with not only high specific strength and high specific energy absorption, but also thermal channels.
Second malignancy probabilities in patients with prostate cancer treated with whole pelvis radiation therapy versus prostate only radiation therapy
Authors: Cho Hae Lin , Murthy Vedang , Mouw Kent W. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Nguyen Paul L. , Leeman Jonathan E. , Dee Edward Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) may improve outcomes compared with prostate only radiation therapy (PORT) in some subsets of men with prostate cancer, as in the POP‐RT trial. However, there is concern about increased risk of adverse effects with WPRT, including the development of radiation‐induced second malignancies (SM). Given the rarity of SM, little is known about relative rates of SM between WPRT and PORT.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed of men with nonmetastatic, node‐negative prostate cancer with at least 60 months of follow‐up using a national database. SM probabilities were compared in men receiving either WPRT or PORT using multivariable logistic models adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors. Temporal sensitivity analyses stratified by year of diagnosis and length of follow‐up were also conducted.ResultsOf 50,237 patients in the study, 39,338 (78.4%) received PORT, and 10,899 (21.7%) received WPRT. Median follow‐up was 106.2 months (interquartile range 82.32–132.25). Crude probabilities of SM were 9.16% for WPRT and 8.88% for PORT. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for development of SM with PORT versus WPRT was 1.046 (95% confidence interval 0.968–1.130). Temporal sensitivity analyses by stratifying by year of diagnosis and follow‐up length also did not demonstrate any significant difference in rates of SM between WPRT and PORT using AORs with WPRT as the referent.ConclusionsRetrospective analysis of over 50,000 patients did not demonstrate an association between WPRT and an increased probability of SM compared to PORT. Given the findings of POP‐RT, the use of WPRT may become widespread for certain subsets of men. Thus, our findings could help guide how we counsel patients deciding between WPRT and PORT and suggest the need for prospective assessment of SM risk with WPRT and PORT.