bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native language experience shapes pre‐attentive foreign tone processing and guides rapid memory trace build‐up: An ERP study
Authors: Gosselke Berthelsen Sabine , Horne Merle , Shtyrov Yury , Roll Mikael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLanguage experience, particularly from our native language (L1), shapes our perception of other languages around us. The present study examined how L1 experience moulds the initial processing of foreign (L2) tone during acquisition. In particular, we investigated whether learners were able to rapidly forge new neural memory traces for novel tonal words, which was tracked by recording learners’ ERP responses during two word acquisition sessions. We manipulated the degree of L1–L2 familiarity by comparing learners with a nontonal L1 (German) and a tonal L1 (Swedish) and by using tones that were similar (fall) or dissimilar (high, low, rise) to those occurring in Swedish. Our results indicate that a rapid, pre‐attentive memory trace build‐up for tone manifests in an early ERP component at ~50 ms but only at particularly high levels of L1–L2 similarity. Specifically, early processing was facilitated for an L2 tone that had a familiar pitch shape (fall) and word‐level function (inflection). This underlines the importance of these L1 properties for the early processing of L2 tone. In comparison, a later anterior negativity related to the processing of the tones’ grammatical content was unaffected by native language experience but was instead influenced by lexicality, pitch prominence, entrenchment, and successful learning. Behaviorally, learning effects emerged for all learners and tone types, regardless of L1–L2 familiarity or pitch prominence. Together, the findings suggest that while L1‐based facilitation effects occur, they mainly affect early processing stages and do not necessarily result in more successful L2 acquisition at behavioral level.
Characteristics, goal‐oriented treatments and survival of pulmonary arterial hypertension in China: Insights from a national multicentre prospective registry
Authors: Quan Ruilin , Zhang Gangcheng , Yu Zaixin , Zhang Caojin , Yang Zhenwen , Tian Hongyan , Yang Yuanhua , Wu Weifeng , Chen Yucheng , Liu Yuhao , Zhu Xianyang , Li Shengqing , Shen Jieyan , Zheng Zeqi , Zhu Xiulong , Wang Guangyi , Wang Qian , Zhou Daxin , Ji Yingqun , Yang Tao , Li Wen , Chen Xiaoxi , Qian Yuling , Lin Yangyi , Gu Qing , Xiong Changming , Shan Guangliang , He Jianguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveNationally representative reports on the characteristics and long‐term survival of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from developing countries are scarce. The applicability of the current main risk stratifications and the longitudinal changes in goal‐oriented treatments have yet to be elucidated in real‐world settings. Therefore, we aimed to provide insights into the characteristics, goal‐oriented treatments and survival of PAH in China and to explore the applicability of the main risk stratifications in our independent cohort.MethodsPAH patients were consecutively enrolled from a national prospective multicentre registry. Data on baseline, follow‐up re‐evaluation and therapeutic changes were collected.ResultsA total of 2031 patients were enrolled, with congenital heart disease (CHD)‐PAH (45.2%) being the most common aetiology. The mean age was 35 ± 12 years, and 76.2% were females. At baseline, approximately 20% of the patients with intermediate or high risk received combination treatment. At follow‐up, approximately half of the re‐evaluated patients did not achieve low‐risk profiles, and even among patients who received combination therapy at baseline, 4% of them still worsened. The rate of combination therapy increased significantly from 6.7% before 2015 to 35.5% thereafter. The main risk assessment tools demonstrated good performance for predicting survival both at baseline and at follow‐up.ConclusionChinese PAH patients show both similar and distinct features compared to other countries. Current main risk stratifications can significantly discriminate patients at different risk levels. There were still many patients not achieving low‐risk profiles at follow‐up, indicating more aggressive treatment should be implemented to optimize the goal‐oriented treatment strategy.
Does social integration matter for cohort differences in the political participation of internal migrants in China?
Authors: Lu Haiyang , Kandilov Ivan T. , Zhu Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing nationally representative data from the 2017 National Internal Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Survey, this paper examines the nexus between social integration and the political participation of internal migrants in China. We document a positive association between social integration status and internal migrants’ political participation. The study further examines the political participation differentials from two perspectives: between migration types and between migration distances. Our Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis suggests that while only about 5.2% of the political participation differential between urban‐to‐urban migrants and rural‐to‐urban migrants is attributable to the difference in social integration status, the difference in social integration status explains about 12.0% of the participation gap between intra‐provincial migrants and inter‐provincial migrants. Our findings suggest that regionally diverse social integration policies may have unintended consequences for the political participation of migrant workers in China.
Chromosome‐level pepino genome provides insights into genome evolution and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Solanaceae
Authors: Song Xiaoming , Liu Haibin , Shen Shaoqin , Huang Zhinan , Yu Tong , Liu Zhuo , Yang Qihang , Wu Tong , Feng Shuyan , Zhang Yu , Wang Zhiyuan , Duan Weike 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYPepino (Solanum muricatum, 2n = 2x = 24), a member of the Solanaceae family, is an important globally grown fruit. Herein, we report high‐quality, chromosome‐level pepino genomes. The 91.67% genome sequence is anchored to 12 chromosomes, with a total length of 1.20 Gb and scaffold N50 of 87.03 Mb. More than half the genome comprises repetitive sequences. In addition to the shared ancient whole‐genome triplication (WGT) event in eudicots, an additional new WGT event was present in the pepino. Our findings suggest that pepinos experienced chromosome rearrangements, fusions, and gene loss after a WGT event. The large number of gene removals indicated the instability of Solanaceae genomes, providing opportunities for species divergence and natural selection. The paucity of disease‐resistance genes (NBS) in pepino and eggplant has been explained by extensive loss and limited generation of genes after WGT events in Solanaceae. The outbreak of NBS genes was not synchronized in Solanaceae species, which occurred before the Solanaceae WGT event in pepino, tomato, and tobacco, whereas it was almost synchronized with WGT events in the other four Solanaceae species. Transcriptome and comparative genomic analyses revealed several key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Although an extra WGT event occurred in Solanaceae, CHS genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapes were still significantly expanded compared with those in Solanaceae species. Proximal and tandem duplications contributed to the expansion of CHS genes. In conclusion, the pepino genome and annotation facilitate further research into important gene functions and comparative genomic analysis in Solanaceae.
Manufacturing and service‐sector productivity in Turkey: A perspective from firm‐level data
Authors: Dincer Nazire Nergiz , Eichengreen Barry , Tekin‐Koru Ayça 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 2003, productivity growth in Turkey has disappointed. We provide a new analysis of the issue, measuring labour productivity at the firm level. Previous accounts distinguish a period of rapid productivity growth before 2007–2008 from one of slower productivity growth thereafter. In contrast, we show that productivity growth in manufacturing was faster after 2007–2008 than before, while productivity in services declined through 2010, after which it stabilised. The slump in service‐sector productivity was compounded by a shift in employment towards activities with relatively low, slowly growing labour productivity such as construction, hospitality and business services. These trends were attributable to policy. Our findings thus upend the conventional picture of successful policy reform prior to the Global Financial Crisis followed by a period of regression.
Caregiver burden, treatment complexity, and the veterinarian–client relationship in owners of dog with skin disease
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Patrick Karlee , Hillier Andrew , Gober Margaret , Carlson Mark D. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIncreasing complexity of treatment plans is associated with higher levels of caregiver burden in owners of dogs with skin disease. It is possible that elevated caregiver burden resulting from treatment complexity could, in turn, affect the veterinarian–client relationship.Hypotheses/ObjectivesWe expected that treatment complexity, caregiver burden, and the client’s perception of the veterinarian–client relationship would be related to each other. We also expected an indirect effect of caregiver burden on the cross‐sectional association between treatment complexity and the veterinarian–client relationship, and that this effect would be robust to adjustment for the dog’s skin disease course and severity.ParticipantsParticipants were 349 owners of dogs with skin disease recruited through online consumer panels.Materials and methodsCross‐sectional online assessments were completed for caregiver burden, treatment plan complexity, veterinarian–client relationship, and skin disease course and severity. Demographic information also was collected.ResultsThe indirect effect of caregiver burden on the relationship between treatment complexity and veterinarian–client relationship was statistically significant, accounting for 42.76% of the variance in the model. After controlling for disease severity and course, that effect remained statistically significant, accounting for 37.76% of the variance.Conclusions and clinical importanceFindings support the notion that greater treatment complexity is related to the owner’s perception of the veterinarian–client relationship via caregiver burden. Efforts to reduce caregiver burden by using the simplest effective treatment may benefit the veterinarian–client relationship.
Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Incidence and risk factors for rupture
Authors: Grimes Janet A. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rates of rupture and mortality associated with surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs and to identify risk factors for rupture.Study designRetrospective cohort.AnimalsTwo‐hundred and eighty‐five dogs with PDA undergoing surgical ligation.MethodsInformation regarding signalment, weight, surgical findings, complications, presence of residual flow, and survival was recorded. Age, weight, and presence of residual flow were compared between cases with and without rupture.ResultsThe initial surgical approach was extrapericardial (144), intrapericardial (46), not reported (94), or Jackson‐Henderson (1). Rupture of the PDA occurred in 7.0% of dogs (20/285, 13 extrapericardial, 3 intrapericardial, 4 not reported). No difference in age or weight was found between dogs with and without rupture. Overall mortality was 0.4% (1/285). Additional major complications occurred in 1.4% of dogs, all in the nonrupture group. The overall rate of residual flow after ligation was 9.4%. Dogs with rupture were more likely to have residual flow than those without rupture (P = .012). If ligation was performed after rupture (rather than hemostasis only), no difference in residual flow rates (P = .398) was noted between dogs with rupture and those without.ConclusionThe rate of rupture with surgical ligation of PDAs was low. No specific risk factors for rupture were identified.Clinical significanceSuccessful treatment of PDA rupture is possible, evidenced by the low mortality rate in this population of dogs. Ligation of the PDA after rupture, either in the concurrent or a subsequent procedure, reduces the odds of residual flow.
Indonesian Sharia Banking in Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Hasan Zulfikar , Nita Putri Mutia Rosiana 
Published: March 2022

This study looks at the impact of the industrial revolution 4.0 on the Islamic banking sector. The industrial revolution simply implies major and advanced innovations to the way humans produce goods. This great change has happened three times, and we are currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. Every major change is always followed by major changes in the economic, political, even military, and cultural fields. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has entered Indonesia since 2015. This provides opportunities for several economic sectors around the world to gain market share and wider investment. This study uses qualitative methods to explain the phenomenon being studied. The Sharia Supervisory Board and National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) are one of the regulators that make sharia banking stronger and more recognized. A method that we use is a qualitative method by looking at and analyzing the object of research to be studied. Where the object of research in this paper is Islamic banking in Indonesia, and how Islamic banking faces the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Islamic banking in Indonesia needs to apply advanced technology to be able to compete with conventional banking, especially during the 4.0 era, technology is one of the most important things to be able to keep up with the times.
Advancing respiratory–cardiovascular physiology with the working heart–brainstem preparation over 25 years
Authors: Paton Julian F. R. , Machado Benedito H. , Moraes Davi J. A. , Zoccal Daniel B. , Abdala Ana P. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Antunes Vagner R. , Murphy David , Dutschmann Mathias , Dhingra Rishi R. , McAllen Robin , Pickering Anthony E. , Wilson Richard J. A. , Day Trevor A. , Barioni Nicole O. , Allen Andrew M. , Menuet Clément , Donnelly Joseph , Felippe Igor , St‐John Walter M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing studies not possible before in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. Herein, we review some of the progress made with the WHBP, some advantages and disadvantages along with potential future applications, and provide photographs and technical drawings of all the customised equipment used for the preparation. Using mice or rats, the WHBP is an in situ experimental model that is perfused via an extracorporeal circuit benefitting from unprecedented surgical access, mechanical stability of the brain for whole cell recording and an uncompromised use of pharmacological agents akin to in vitro approaches. The preparation has revealed novel mechanistic insights into, for example, the generation of distinct respiratory rhythms, the neurogenesis of sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart and circulation, hypothalamic and spinal control mechanisms, and peripheral and central chemoreceptor mechanisms. Insights have been gleaned into diseases such as hypertension, heart failure and sleep apnoea. Findings from the in situ preparation have been ratified in conscious in vivo animals and when tested have translated to humans. We conclude by discussing potential future applications of the WHBP including two‐photon imaging of peripheral and central nervous systems and adoption of pharmacogenetic tools that will improve our understanding of physiological mechanisms and reveal novel mechanisms that may guide new treatment strategies for cardiorespiratory diseases.
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Computation of Direct Sensitivities of Spatial Multibody Systems With Joint Friction
Authors: Verulkar Adwait , Sandu Corina , Dopico Daniel , Sandu Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Friction exists in most mechanical systems and may have a major influence on the dynamic performance of the system. The incorporation of friction in dynamic systems has been a subject of active research for several years owing to its high nonlinearity and its dependence on several parameters. Consequently, optimization of dynamic systems with friction becomes a challenging task. Gradient-based optimization of dynamical systems is a prominent technique for optimal design and requires the computation of model sensitivities with respect to the design parameters. The novel contribution of this paper is the derivation of the analytical methodology for the computation of direct sensitivities for smooth multibody systems with joint friction using the Lagrangian index-1 formulation. System dynamics have been computed using two different friction models; the Brown and McPhee, and the Gonthier et al. model. The methodology proposed to obtain model sensitivities has also been validated using the complex finite difference method. A case study has been conducted on a spatial multibody system to observe the effect of friction on the dynamics and model sensitivities, compare sensitivities with respect to different parameters and demonstrate the numerical and validation aspects. Since design parameters can have very different magnitudes and units, the sensitivities have been scaled with the parameters for comparison. Finally, a discussion has been presented on the interpretation of the case study results. Due to the incorporation of joint friction, ‘jumps’ or discontinuities are observed in the model sensitivities akin to those observed for hybrid dynamical systems.
Dynamic Response of Some Noncarbon Nanomaterials Using Multiscale Modeling Involving Material and Geometric Nonlinearities
Authors: Ravi Raj B. M. , Singh Sandeep , Mali Kiran D. , Singh Priyansh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear dynamic response of some noncarbon nanomaterials, involving material and geometric nonlinearities under different types of dynamic loads, is investigated using computationally efficient multiscale modeling. Multiscale-based finite element model is developed in the framework of the Cauchy–Born rule, which couples the deformation at the atomic scale to deformation at the continuum scale. The Tersoff–Brenner type interatomic potential is employed to model the atomic interactions. The governing finite elemental equations are derived through Hamilton's principle for a dynamic system. The linearization of nonlinear discrete equations is done using Newton–Raphson method and are solved using Newmark's time integration technique. The effects of material and geometric nonlinearities, inherent damping, different types of dynamic loads, and initial strain on the transient response of noncarbon nanosheets with clamped boundary conditions are reported in detail. The present results obtained from the multiscale-based finite element method are compared with those obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the free vibration analysis, and the results are found to be in good agreement. The present results are also compared with the results of those obtained from Kirchhoff plate model for some cases.
Transient Analysis of Passive Autocatalytic Hydrogen Recombiners Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Khan Ahsan , Nawaz Rab , Shah Ajmal , Qureshi Kamran Rasheed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) are being used in most modern nuclear power plants (NPPs) for mitigating the hydrogen risk both in normal and accidental scenarios. Development of a systematic model of PARs based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the subject of this paper. 2D simulations of AREVA (a nuclear technology company) recombiner have been performed to validate PARs data and then the developed methodology has been applied to a Chashma NPP-II (C-2) recombiners to assess their performance. Two cases have been discussed; one with constant velocity at inlet and other one is devoted to the startup response of the PAR. Within the recombiner, the hydrogen and oxygen recombine on catalytic plates surface by an exothermic reaction to produce steam. Reaction heat is dissipated among the plates, surroundings and air inside the PAR. Flow inside the PAR will continue downwards until the gas absorbs enough heat to become lighter in weight than the gas outside the PAR. In addition, hydrogen accumulation in containment dome of a C-2 has been modeled and the results have been compared with methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (melcor) code results. Without PARs, hydrogen got buildup within the containment dome, but when PARs are activated, hydrogen concentration first started to rise until the recombination reaction activated at about ∼2% hydrogen concentration. The comparison shows that the results obtained by the model agree well with the melcor results.
The Nonlinear Diffusion Model of Recrystallization
Authors: Savotchenko S. E. , Cherniakov A. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The diffusion equation with a jump change in diffusion coefficient depending on the diffusant concentration is considered. The phase transition problem with moving boundary to describe the features of activated recrystallization is formulated. An analytical description of the motion of the activated recrystallization front in the presence of a thin coating, which causes changes in the microstructure and physical properties of polycrystalline metals, is derived. The nonlinear equation, the solution of which describes the motion of activated recrystallization front, is found. It is shown that the dependence of the depth of the recrystallized layer is determined by such structural factors as the average size of recrystallized grains, the fraction of stationary grain boundaries, and jump in the average concentration of impurities in the zone of the front of activated recrystallization. The physical interpretation of coefficient of the Stefan condition at the moving boundary is given.