bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the feasibility of cardiac gating for SBRT of ventricular tachycardia based on real‐time ECG signal acquisition
Authors: Reis Cristiano Q. M. , Robar James L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of cardiac synchronized gating in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) using a real‐time electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition.Methods and materialsStability of beam characteristics during simulated ECG gating was examined by developing a microcontroller interface to a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator allowing gating at frequencies and duty cycles relevant to cardiac rhythm. Delivery accuracy was evaluated by measuring dose linearity with an ionization chamber, and flatness and symmetry with a two‐dimensional detector array, for different gating windows within typical human cardiac cycle periods. To establish a practical method of gating based on actual ECG signals, an AD8232 Heart Monitor board was used to acquire the ECG signal and synchronize the beam delivery. Real‐time cardiac gated delivery measurements were performed for a single 10 × 10 cm2 field and for a VT‐SBRT plan using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Results and discussionDose per monitor unit (MU) values were found to be linear within most gating windows investigated with maximum differences relative to non‐gated delivery of <2% for gating windows ≥200 ms and for >10 MUs. Beam profiles for both gated and non‐gated modes were also found to agree with maximum differences of 0.5% relative to central axis dose for all sets of beam‐on/beam‐off combinations. Comparison of dose distributions for intensity‐modulated SBRT plans between non‐gating and cardiac gating modes provided a gamma passing rate of 97.2% for a 2% 2 mm tolerance.ConclusionsBeam output is stable with respect to linearity, flatness, and symmetry for gating windows within cardiac cycle periods. Agreement between dose distributions for VT‐SBRT using IMRT in non‐gated and cardiac cycle gated delivery modes shows that the proposed methodology is feasible. Technically, gating for delivery of SBRT for VT is possible with regard to beam stability.
Prior optic neuritis detection on peripapillary ring scans using deep learning
Authors: Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Kenney Rachel C. , Lin Ting‐Yi , Kauer‐Bonin Josef , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Galetta Steven L. , Balcer Laura J. , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander U. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires demyelinating events that are disseminated in time and space. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) distinguishes eyes with a prior history of acute optic neuritis (ON) and may provide evidence to support a demyelinating attack.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a deep learning (DL)‐based network can distinguish between eyes with prior ON and healthy control (HC) eyes using peripapillary ring scans.MethodsWe included 1033 OCT scans from 415 healthy eyes (213 HC subjects) and 510 peripapillary ring scans from 164 eyes with prior acute ON (140 patients with MS). Data were split into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% test data. We included 102 OCT scans from 80 healthy eyes (40 HC) and 61 scans from 40 ON eyes (31 MS patients) from an independent second center. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with area under the curve (AUC) were used to investigate performance.ResultsWe used a dilated residual convolutional neural network for the classification. The final network had an accuracy of 0.85 and an AUC of 0.86, whereas pRNFL only had an AUC of 0.77 in recognizing ON eyes. Using data from a second center, the network achieved an accuracy of 0.77 and an AUC of 0.90 compared to pRNFL, which had an AUC of 0.84.InterpretationDL‐based disease classification of prior ON is feasible and has the potential to outperform thickness‐based classification of eyes with and without history of prior ON.
Analysis of HTT CAG repeat expansion in Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Manini Arianna , Gagliardi Delia , Meneri Megi , Antognozzi Sara , Del Bo Roberto , Scaglione Cesa , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania , Ronchi Dario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHTT full‐penetrance pathogenic repeat expansions, the genetic cause of Huntington's disease (HD), have been recently reported in a minority of frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (0.13%). We analyzed HTT CAG repeats in an Italian cohort of ALS patients (n = 467) by repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction. One patient harbored two expanded alleles in the HTT gene (42 and 37 CAG repeats). The absence of HD typical symptoms and the clinical picture consistent with ALS, corroborated by the diagnostic assessment, apparently excluded a misdiagnosis of HD.
Sustainable Triboelectric Materials for Smart Active Sensing Systems
Authors: Wei Zhiting , Wang Jinlong , Liu Yanhua , Yuan Jinxia , Liu Tao , Du Guoli , Zhu Siqiyuan , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the vigorous development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the active sensing system based on triboelectric nanogenerators plays an excellent performance potential and application value as a pioneering technology for smart manufacturing. Nevertheless, achieving material innovation to strike a good balance between active sensing systems and environmental friendliness remains a difficult task. As the most abundant biopolymer on earth, the sustainability potential and excellent performance of cellulose are of great importance for the development of smart sensing systems. This review intends to provide a new perspective on the sustainability of smart active sensing systems to design and fabricate cellulosic triboelectric materials for self‐powered sensing systems. Herein, the structure and advantageous properties of cellulosic triboelectric materials are briefly described. Furthermore, the structure–property–application relationship of the materials is addressed from the perspective of material design and structure optimization. Next, the latest applications of cellulose triboelectric materials are comprehensively described in smart sensing fields such as environmental monitoring, smart home, smart medical, human–machine interaction, and the Internet of everything. Lastly, the current challenges and future developments of cellulose triboelectric materials for smart sensor systems are presented.
Microsphere Structure Composite Phase Change Material with Anti‐Leakage, Self‐Sensing, and Photothermal Conversion Properties for Thermal Energy Harvesting and Multi‐Functional Sensor
Authors: Guo Hongyuan , Jiao Weicheng , Jin Haozheng , Yuan Zijian , He Xiaodong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe low thermal conductivity and liquid melt leakage of phase change materials are long‐standing bottlenecks for efficient and safe thermal energy harvesting. Although high thermal conductivity materials combined with phase change materials can address the thermal conductivity problem, ensuring no leakage and no reduction in latent heat in the meantime remains challenging. Here, a strategy to synthesize microsphere‐structured phase change composites by encapsulating phase change materials in graphene via emulsion polymerization (no additional emulsifier) and chemical reduction is proposed. Multiple graphene sheets are connected to construct an efficient thermally conductive (increase 58.5 times in thermal conductivity) and electrically conductive network. The composite microspheres exhibit no leakage (<0.5%) and superior phase transition behavior after 1500 heating‐cooling cycles, and sense external environments such as temperature changes and water drops falling, allowing them to be engineered into devices for temperature monitoring. In addition, it converts electrical energy into thermal energy to achieve rapid temperature increases. The incorporation of polydopamine improves the photothermal efficiency of the phase change microspheres and senses light irradiation, offering a promising route to extend the single source of thermal energy. This method provides new insight into the photothermal integration and intelligent sensing of phase‐change materials.
A General Self‐Assembly Induced Strategy for Synthesizing 2D Ultrathin Cobalt‐Based Compounds Toward Optimizing Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Duan Mengting , Zhang Junhao , Xi Baojuan , Li Ming , Yin Rui , Zheng Xiangjun , Liu Yuanjun , Cao Fu , An Xuguang , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExploring a general method for synthesizing 2D compounds with high accessible surface area and nano‐thickness as advanced electrocatalysts is essential yet challenging. Herein, a self‐assembly induced reverse micelle templating method followed by topochemical transformation is developed to synthesize a series of cobalt‐based compounds with varied anions and similar ultrathin 2D structures. Electrocatalytic behaviors for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are systematically investigated, which demonstrate enhanced performances of ultrathin 2D compounds than their agglomerated counterparts. Among them, 2D CoP is particularly prominent. The overpotential of 144 mV at 10 mA cm−2, together with superb stability, place it among the best single‐phase phosphide HER catalysts reported thus far. Theoretical calculation and experimental results demonstrate the favorable valence electronic structure with moderate hydrogen adsorbability and good intracrystalline conductivity, as well as the homogeneous ultrathin 2D configuration with sufficiently exposed active sites and shortened intracrystalline electron transport route, are the dominant reasons that 2D CoP exhibits optimal electrocatalytic activity for HER. This study presents a novel and extendable strategy for synthesizing various 2D metal‐based compounds with valuable insights into the modulation essence of advanced electrocatalysts.
Orientation Independent Growth of Uniform Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films on Silicon for High‐Density 3D Memory Applications
Authors: Liu Chen , Yang Qijun , Zeng Binjian , Jiang Yongquan , Zheng Shuaizhi , Liao Jiajia , Dai Siwei , Zhong Xiangli , Zhou Yichun , Liao Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe highly scalable ferroelectric hafnia‐based thin films can be easily integrated into ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) by existing Si technology, which are regarded as one of the promising candidates for fast read/write, energy‐efficient, and high‐density nonvolatile memories. However, device‐to‐device variation in threshold voltage (VTH) caused by non‐uniformity of ferroelectric properties is a serious challenge for implementing hafnia‐based FeFETs in high‐density nonvolatile memories. Here, the substrate‐orientation independent growth of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films is realized with uniform ferroelectricity by using HfO2 seed layers. The HfO2 seed layers are beneficial to improving the ferroelectric polarization of HZO thin films grown on differently oriented Si substrates and reducing the variation in ferroelectric properties. Moreover, device simulation confirms that the proposed scheme contributes to realizing uniform memory properties in 3D vertical HZO‐based FeFETs. This study suggests the possibility to implement hafnia‐based FeFETs into 3D vertical high‐density memory.
Advances in Chemically Powered Micro/Nanorobots for Biological Applications: A Review
Authors: Feng Ying , An Miao , Liu Yang , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Yang Huaming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicro/nanorobots (MNRs) are capable of autonomous motion, breaking through the limitations of traditional passive transport of nanocarriers. Among them, chemically driven MNRs are the earliest MNRs studied and have received extensive attention from researchers. This review first focuses on the material properties, preparation, driving forms, and mechanisms of chemically driven MNRs. The current status of research on chemically driven MNRs in biomedicine is summarized for various biological applications (drug delivery, diagnostics, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and disease treatment). In terms of biosafety, possible safety issues are analyzed in the context of chemically driven microrobotic applications in terms of three aspects: component characteristics, chemical engines and biological environment. Finally, the challenges and possible future directions of chemically driven MNRs are presented.
Direct Freeform Laser Fabrication of 3D Conformable Electronics
Authors: Zheng Bujingda , Zhao Ganggang , Yan Zheng , Xie Yunchao , Lin Jian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract3D conformable electronic devices on freeform surfaces show superior performance to the conventional, planar ones. They represent a trend of future electronics and have witnessed exponential growth in various applications. However, their potential is largely limited by a lack of sophisticated fabrication techniques. To tackle this challenge, a new direct freeform laser (DFL) fabrication method enabled by a 5‐axis laser processing platform for directly fabricating 3D conformable electronics on targeted arbitrary surfaces is reported. Accordingly, representative laser‐induced graphene (LIG), metals, and metal oxides are successfully fabricated as high‐performance sensing and electrode materials from different material precursors on various types of substrates for applications in temperature/light/gas sensing, energy storage, and printed circuit board for circuit. Last but not the least, to demonstrate an application in smart homes, LIG‐based conformable strain sensors are fabricated and distributed in designated locations of an artificial tree. The distributed sensors have the capability of monitoring the wind speed and direction with the assistance of well‐trained machine‐learning models. This novel process will pave a new and general route to fabricating 3D conformable electronic devices, thus creating new opportunities in robotics, biomedical sensing, structural health, environmental monitoring, and Internet of Things applications.
A Hierarchical Structure Perovskite Quantum Dots Film for Laser‐Driven Projection Display
Authors: Liao Shengxiang , Yang Zezhong , Lin Jidong , Wang Shaoxiong , Zhu Jiwen , Chen Shuxin , Huang Feng , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Daqin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLaser‐driven projection display puts forward urgent demand for color converter materials to achieve wide‐color‐gamut and high‐quality image presentation. In this study, a hierarchical structure quantum dots‐in‐glass film (QiGF) is fabricated via co‐sintering stable green/red‐emitting CsPbX3@glass (X3 = Br3, Br1.5I1.5) and commercial low‐melting glass on the sapphire substrate. Benefiting from the well‐retained optical properties of CsPbX3 quantum dots in amorphous glass and high thermal conductivity, QiGF succeeded in inhibiting luminescence saturation after 20 W mm−2 blue laser irradiation. A brand‐new white‐lighting source designed by coupling a blue laser with a pattern “QiGF wheel” produced ultra‐narrow blue/green/red tri‐color emissions and total luminous flux of 146 lm. Accordingly, a QiGF‐converted laser projection system is successfully designed for the first time, showing more natural and real color restoration for its wide color gamut display feature (157% of conventional light‐emitting diode projection and 107% of NTSC standard). The present study highlights the practical application of CsPbX3 quantum dots composite as an efficient laser‐driven color converter in projection display.
Bimetal Organic Framework–Ti3C2Tx MXene with Metalloporphyrin Electrocatalyst for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Nam Sanghee , Mahato Manmatha , Matthews Kyle , Lord Robert W. , Lee Yonghee , Thangasamy Pitchai , Ahn Chi Won , Gogotsi Yury , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gravest oxidation of MXenes has become a critical problem due to the formation of metal oxides, leading to the loss of their intrinsic properties. Herein, bimetallic cobalt–manganese organic framework (CMT) directly grown on a Ti3C2Tx MXene sheet via solvothermal treatment to obtain strong oxidation resistance in an open structured application and to enhance electrocatalytic properties for oxygen evolution and reduction reaction is reported. Inspired by ligand chemistry, the carboxyl acids in tetrakis(4–carboxyphenyl)porphyrin acting as an organic linker are grafted with the surface terminators of Ti3C2Tx MXene through the Fischer esterification and substitution reaction of fluorine, thereby greatly enhancing the antioxidation stability. Furthermore, the as‐formed metalloporphyrin structure and unpaired electrons, produced between CMT and Ti3C2Tx MXene during solvothermal treatment, improve their electrocatalytic activity, durability, and electrical conductivity through an electron hopping mechanism. Consequently, the CMT@MXene demonstrates high stability as a bifunctional electrocatalyst at a fixed specific capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 and a current density of 500 mA g−1 for 247 cycles in lithium–oxygen (LiO2) battery. This approach suggests new strategies for the synergistic coupling of MXenes and MOFs for future open structured applications.
Roles of Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials in Pursuing Human–Machine–Thing Natural Interaction
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Xuan Jingyue , Li Qi , Gao Fangfang , Xun Xiaochen , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA wide variety of low‐dimensional nanomaterials with excellent properties can meet almost all the requirements of functional materials for information sensing, processing, and feedback devices. Low‐dimensional nanomaterials are becoming the star of hope on the road to pursuing human–machine–thing natural interactions, benefiting from the breakthroughs in precise preparation, performance regulation, structural design, and device construction in recent years. This review summarizes several types of low‐dimensional nanomaterials commonly used in human–machine–thing natural interactions and outlines the differences in properties and application areas of different materials. According to the sequence of information flow in the human–machine–thing interaction process, the representative research progress of low‐dimensional nanomaterials‐based information sensing, processing, and feedback devices is reviewed and the key roles played by low‐dimensional nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the development trends and existing challenges of low‐dimensional nanomaterials in the field of human–machine–thing natural interaction technology are discussed.
Self‐Sustained Programmable Hygroelectronic Interfaces for Humidity‐Regulated Hierarchical Information Encryption and Display
Authors: Zhang Yaoxin , Yu Zhen , Qu Hao , Guo Shuai , Yang Jiachen , Zhang Songlin , Yang Lin , Cheng Shaoan , Wang John , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emerging moisture‐driven energy generation (MEG) technology opens up new possibilities for humidity‐responsive materials, devices, and interdisciplinary opportunities in fields like information security. However, such potential remains untapped. Here, an original MEG structure with a hygroionic energy‐conversion route by selective coating of ionic hygroscopic hydrogels on a carbon black surface is reported. The hygroionic route features a process in which the scavenged energy is stored in the electrical double layers formed at the interfaces between the ionic hydrogel and the carbon nanoparticles. The resultant electrical field developed across the hydrogel‐coated wet carbon and the rest of the dry carbon area is thus durably lasted. Based on this unique structure, hygroelectronic information interfaces (HEII) for humidity‐regulated information encryption and display are put forward by devising hydrogel patterns on a carbon platform. Further by tuning the hygroscopicity of the ionic hydrogels and incorporating encoding methods (e.g., Morse code), it is demonstrated that the HEII platform is programmable to carry different information in certain humidity ranges. Unlike those conventional anti‐counterfeiting methods that optically reveal the hidden information once the required stimulus is provided, the new HEII serves as a hierarchical solution for high‐security encryption and display.
Perspectives for the Growth of Epitaxial 2D van der Waals Layers with an Emphasis on Ferromagnetic Metals for Spintronics
Authors: Dimoulas Athanasios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWafer scale epitaxial growth of 2D van der Waals materials and heterostructures is of ultimate importance for applications. Using synthetic thin film methods is also important to realize 2D materials which do not exist in nature and cannot be grown in equilibrium in bulk form. In this work, the perspectives in wafer scale growth of 2D van der Waals metallic ferromagnets (FMs) and the combination with other structurally and chemically compatible materials are described to propose functional devices. The areas such as 2D van der Waals ferromagnetic π‐junctions for quantum computing, and all 2D magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and spin orbit torque devices which can be used for spintronics are identified. It is foreseen that a new class of Janus materials which can be realized only by epitaxial synthetic methods can enhance the performance of spintronic devices. Finally, this work describes the perspectives to overcome the shortcomings of epitaxial techniques and layer transfer by proposing remote epitaxy for the detachment of 2D materials films from the substrate and the use of liquid substrates or liquid catalysts to achieve single crystalline 2D materials films over large areas on the wafer.
Realizing Favorable Synergism Toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Heterojunction Engineered Cu7S4/CuS2/NiS2 and Functionalized Carbon Sheet Heterostructures
Authors: Beere Hemanth Kumar , Pakhira Srimanta , Yadav Prahlad , Singh Ashok , Upadhyay Shrish Nath , Naik Pooja B. , Kotrappanavar Nataraj Sanna , Ghosh Debasis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen generation via water splitting is the greenest approach toward the hydrogen economy. To satisfy the practical utilization, the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) must be of low cost with high catalytic activity. Accordingly, transition metal based electrocatalysts have attracted significant research interest. Herein, this work demonstrates an efficient HER electrocatalyst based on copper nickel sulfide (CNS), and Agaricus bisporus biomass derived functionalized carbon (FMCs) based nanocomposites, where the CNS are in situ hydrothermally grown in presence of FMCs. First, the effect of solvent (water, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) on the phase and crystallinity of CNS and their performance as HER electrocatalyst in acidic medium are demonstrated. The CNS heterojunction synthesized in aqueous medium (CNSW) shows the best HER catalytic activity with 269 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) overpotential and corresponding Tafel slope of 146.86 mV dec−1. Further, while the FMCs possess no catalytic activity itself, its control presence in the nanocomposites CNSW/FMCs nanocomposites caused a dramatic reduction in the HER overpotential (180 mV@10 mA cm−2) and the corresponding Tafel slope (78.71 mV dec−1). Notably, where the nonlayered metal sulfides generally are unstable in acidic medium, the synergistic interaction between the CNSW and FMCs enables stable catalytic activity for the measured 10 h.