bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of employment upon young offenders’ identities
Authors: Oswald Rebecca Jayne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile numbers of first‐time entrants have decreased dramatically in the last decade, young people remaining in the youth justice system in England and Wales today are the most persistent, troubled offenders. Research suggests that the formation of a non‐offending or ‘prosocial’ identity is crucial for desistance among persistent offenders. This article examines how engaging in an employment programme at a social enterprise influenced the identity of offenders aged 16–18 years. Young people's self‐narratives reveal that although none possessed a strong criminal identity, they developed a more coherent prosocial identity during their employment. This can be attributed to how the employment programme reduced the social exclusion experienced by employees, demonstrating the value of such opportunities for youths.
Surgical management and oncological follow‐up of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas arising in epidermolysis bullosa patients
Authors: Paganelli Alessia , Giordano Erminia , Fiorentini Chiara , Ferrari Barbara , Reggiani Camilla , Garbarino Federico , Magnoni Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by skin fragility and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes in reaction to minimal traumas. The development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) is one of the most common medical complications in junctional and dystrophic forms of the disease. Complete surgical excision of cutaneous tumors represents the gold standard of treatment. However, not only recognition of cSCCs can be challenging in the affected skin but also wound closure after surgical excision poses a great therapeutic challenge in EB patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the postoperative outcomes of such patients in order to have a better knowledge of the main critical issues in their surgical management and oncological follow‐up.MethodsWe retrospectively identified a cohort of five EB patients treated at Modena University Hospital. Collected data included patient age and sex, date of cSCC diagnosis, relapses/recurrences, site of the neoplasm, number of surgical interventions, use of dermal substitutes, and postoperative infections.ResultsA total of 26 cSCCs were detected in our cohort. Forty‐one surgical interventions were necessary to achieve excision of cSCCs with clear margins, varying from 1 to 4 surgical sessions per cSCC. Dermal substitutes were used in most cases but carried a higher infectious risk.ConclusionsEB patients tend to develop numerous cSCCs that often relapse even after complete excision with clear margins. These results stress the importance of early cSCC diagnosis and strict postsurgical follow‐up.
Automatic segmentation and detection of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars on panoramic radiographs based on nnU‐Net
Authors: Zhu Haihua , Yu Haojie , Zhang Fan , Cao Zheng , Wu Fuli , Zhu Fudong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this research was to present an artificial intelligence (AI) model, which can automatically segment and detect ectopic eruption of first permanent molars (EMMs) in early mixed dentition on panoramic radiographs using the no‐new‐Net (nnU‐Net) model.DesignA total of 438 EMMs obtained from 285 panoramic radiographs were included in this study. An AI model based on nnU‐Net was trained to segment and detect EMMs. The performance of the model was evaluated by the intersection over union (IoU), precision, F1‐score, accuracy and FROC. Furthermore, the detecting performance of nnU‐Net was compared with that of three dentists with different years of experience using the McNemar chi‐squared test. The reliability of different dentists was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsThe nnU‐Net yielded an IoU of 0.834, a precision of 0.845, an F1‐score of 0.902 and an accuracy of 0.990, whereas the dentists yielded a mean IoU of 0.530, a mean precision of 0.539, a mean F1‐score of 0.699 and a mean accuracy of 0.811. The ICC of different dentists was 0.776. The statistical analysis of the McNemar chi‐squared test showed that the nnU‐Net results were statistically significant and superior to those of dentists (p < .05).ConclusionThis study validated an AI model based on nnU‐Net for automatically segmenting and detecting EMMs more consistently and accurately on panoramic radiography.
High intraspecific trait variation results in a resource allocation spectrum of a subtropical pine across an elevational gradient
Authors: O'Sullivan Kirsten S. W. , Vilà‐Cabrera Albert , Chen Jan‐Chang , Greenwood Sarah , Chang Chi‐Hua , Jump Alistair S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimPlant functional traits are broadly used to quantify and predict impacts of climate change on vegetation. However, high intraspecific trait variation can bias mean values when few measurements are available. Here, we determine the extent of individual leaf trait variation and covariation across a highly heterogeneous environmental gradient for a widely distributed subtropical pine. We demonstrate the implications of trait variation for characterising species by assessing data availability and variability across the Pinus genus.LocationCentral Mountain Range, Taiwan.TaxonPinus taiwanensis Hayata (Pinaceae).MethodsWe measured eight functional traits suggested to reflect plant strategies: needle length, area, thickness, dry and fresh mass, stomatal row density (SD), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA). We examined trait variation in response to climatic and physiographic factors across an elevational gradient of 495–3106 m a.s.l. using linear mixed effects models (LMMs). Intraspecific trait covariation was explored using principal component analyses (PCAs) and LMMs. Descriptive statistics were calculated for Pinus records in the global TRY plant trait database.ResultsIntraspecific variability among traits was high (CV 20%–44%) and predictable with elevation (generally p < 0.05, with declining needle size and LDMC with elevation and increasing SD). However, 41%–92% of variance was un‐explained by topography. Sixty‐five percent of variation was explained by two trait covariation axes, with predictable changes with elevation (p < 0.001). Pinus data availability in TRY was low. Across traits, only 12.5%–53% of species had sufficient sample sizes for intraspecific analyses.Main conclusionsWe show substantial trait variation for a single species, here likely driven by temperature differences and additional biotic and abiotic drivers across the elevational range. Improved understanding of the extent and implications of intraspecific variability is necessary for reliable quantifications and predictions of the impacts of environmental change, especially in understudied, hyper‐diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests.
IMP3 promotes re‐endothelialization after arterial injury via increasing stability of VEGF mRNAhv
Authors: Zhou Xinmiao , Ye Qingqing , Zheng Jinlei , Kuang Lin , Zhu Jianhua , Yan Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIMP3, an RNA‐binding protein (RBP) that participates in the process of post‐transcriptional modifications of mRNA transcripts, is capable of altering cellular functions, and in some cases, be involved in specific disease progression. We aimed to investigate whether IMP3 has the ability to regulate the functional properties of endothelial cells and re‐endothelialization in response to arterial injury. Wire injury was introduced to the right carotid arteries of wildtype C57/BL6 mice. As a result, IMPs’ expressions were up‐regulated in the induced arterial lesions, and IMP3 was the most up‐regulated RNA among other IMPs. We overexpressed IMP3 before the wire‐injured surgery using adeno‐associated virus AAV2‐IMP3. In vivo studies confirmed that IMP3 overexpression accelerated the progress of re‐endothelialization after arterial injury. In vitro, endothelial cells were transfected with either ad‐IMP3 or Si‐IMP3, cell functional studies showed that IMP3 could promote endothelial cell proliferation and migration, while reducing apoptosis. Mechanistic studies also revealed that IMP3 could enhance VEGF mRNA stability and therefore up‐regulate activities of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Our data indicated that IMP3 promotes re‐endothelialization after arterial injury and regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis via increasing stability of VEGF mRNA and activation of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Anatomy of bristles on the nares and rictus of western barn owls (Tyto alba)
Authors: Delaunay Mariane G. , Charter Motti , Grant Robyn A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany nocturnal avian species, such as Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes and Apterygiformes, have sensitive vibrotactile bristles on their upper bill, especially on their rictus. The anatomy of these bristles can vary, especially in terms of sensitivity (Herbst corpuscle number), bristle length and bristle number. This variation is thought to be associated with foraging – such that diurnal, open foragers have smaller and less‐sensitive bristles. Here, we describe bristle morphology and follicle anatomy in the western barn owl (Tyto alba) for the first time, using both live and roadkill wild owls. We show that T. alba have both narial and rictal bristles that are likely to be vibrotactile, since they have Herbst corpuscles around their follicles. We observed more numerous (~8) and longer bristles (~16 mm) on the nares of T. alba, than on the rictal region (~4 and ~13 mm respectively). However, the narial bristle follicles contained fewer Herbst corpuscles in their surroundings (~5) than the rictal bristles (~7); indicating that bristle length is not indicative of sensitivity. As well as bristle length and number varying between different facial regions, they also varied between individuals, although the cause of this variation remains unclear. Despite this variation, the gross anatomy of facial bristle follicles appears to be conserved between nocturnal Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes and Apterygiformes. Understanding more about how T. alba use their bristles would, therefore, give us greater insights into the function of avian bristles in general.
Peasant and indigenous autonomy before and after the pink tide in Latin America
Authors: Bretón Víctor , González Miguel , Rubio Blanca , Vergara‐Camus Leandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutonomy should not be understood as an inherent quality of rural subjects but as fundamentally a political and cultural project. This paper will present an overview of the evolution of the idea, project, and practice of peasant and indigenous autonomy in Latin America from the 1990s to today. It will trace the origins of the process and examine how the different dimensions of the concept of autonomy (economic, political, ideological, and ethnic) came together in the early 1990s to form a coherent although contradictory political project, which attempted to present an alternative to neoliberalism and political paternalism. The paper will assess the extent to which this project addressed the main challenges that the different sectors of the peasantry faced with the neoliberal restructuring of the economy and the deployment of neoliberal multiculturalism in the region. Through the case studies of Brazil, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Mexico, the paper will argue that the autonomy projects entailed serious contradictions since their inception because by wanting to solve some problems through certain mechanisms, rural movements exacerbated other problems. The paper also highlights the difficulty that peasant and indigenous movements had through the years in maintaining a strong alliances with each other.
The evaluation of the antepartum and intrapartum risk factors in predicting the risk of birth asphyxia
Authors: Tunç Şeyhmus , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Gedik Özköse Zeynep , Ölmez Fatma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the related antepartum and intrapartum factors of birth asphyxia among neonates born in a tertiary referral hospital.MethodsA total of 45 singleton pregnant women who delivered live births with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and their neonates who suffered from birth asphyxia from June 2016 to June 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Data regarding maternal demographic features, maternal laboratory values, pregnancy complications, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were collected.ResultsSignificant risk factors associated with birth asphyxia were nulliparity (odds ratio [OR] = 5.357, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.169–24.950, p = 0.001), placental abruption (OR = 8.667, 95% CI = 2.223–33.784, p = 0.002), intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 1.394, 95% CI = 1.109–8.631, p = 0.012), the prolonged second stage of labor (OR = 6.121, 95% CI = 2.120–17.595, p = 0.001), meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (OR = 7.615, 95% CI = 2.394–24.223, p = 0.001), bloody amniotic fluid (OR = 9.423, 95% CI = 2.885–35.232, p = 0.001), the presence of FHR category II (OR = 12.083, 95% CI = 7.081–48.849, p <0.001) and FHR category III before labor (OR = 15.500, 95% CI = 8.394–56.176, p <0.001).ConclusionWe identified that nulliparity, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction, the prolonged second stage of labor, meconium‐stained or bloody amniotic fluid, and FHR tracings categories II and III were significantly associated with birth asphyxia.
Evaluation of women's sexual quality of life, depression, and sexual functions in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A multi‐centered study
Authors: Gokyildiz Surucu Sule , Avcibay Vurgec Burcu , Kaya Senol Derya , Gozuyesil Ebru , Bilgic Dilek , Onat Koroglu Cemile , Daglar Gulseren , Avci Nilgun , Cayir Gulsen , Haliloglu Peker Berna , Kizilkaya Beji Nezihe , Peker Hakan , Yalcin Onay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis multi‐centered, longitudinal, and prospective study aims to identify women's sexual functions, sexual quality of life, and depression and their relationships with each other in the pregnancy and postpartum periods.MethodsThe participating pregnant women (n = 113) were interviewed six times: once in each trimester, and once in the eighth week third month, and sixth month postpartum. This study was conducted in three regions of Turkey including Marmara, Mediterranean, and Central Anatolia regions. Data were collected through the “Socio‐demographic Form,” “Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI),” Sexual Quality of Life‐Female Questionnaire (SQLQ‐F), and “Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D).” While the first interviews were administered face to face, successive ones were administered via phone.ResultsThe sexual dysfunction rates of the participants were found to be high in the pregnancy and postpartum periods, and their sexual quality of life, which decreased as the pregnancy months progressed, was found to increase significantly with the progress in the postpartum period. The sexual dysfunction increased and sexual quality of life decreased significantly with the increase in depression symptoms in the pregnancy and postpartum periods. When the depressive symptoms decreased especially in the sixth month postpartum, sexual quality of life was also found to increase.ConclusionsAs a result, in the pregnancy and postpartum periods, it is highly important to provide women with diagnosis through a holistic approach by creating available environments to assess their psychological health and sexual functions and refer them to the related physicians when necessary.
Research on the feasibility of visual measurement using first‐person perspective based on smartphones
Authors: Han Qinghua , Liu Xuan , Xu Jie , Sun Tong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the lack of professional equipment, convenient deformation measurement methods are always needed, especially in damage assessments after extreme disasters. Different measurement and judgment methods require different reference data and corresponding processing methods. Considering the flexibility of smartphones, this paper proposes a rapid and simple process of visual measurement from the first‐person perspective. By using smartphones fixed on the body, images can be synchronized with the scene seen by operators. With the help of trained convolutional neural networks, the contour line of the target component in the images can be extracted directly by tracking the key points of hands, and man‐machine interactive operations are realized by gesture detection without interruption. For further measurement, the error is relieved by Bezier curve fitting, and the contour is transformed into the result of a list of uniformly sampled points from a series of uniform velocity circular orbits through the Fourier series. The feasibility of deformation measurement of structural components is verified by experimental data, and further expansions of this program are discussed.
Prognostic significance of tumor budding thresholds in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mascitti Marco , Togni Lucrezia , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Rubini Corrado , Santarelli Andrea , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) represents the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. Tumor budding (TB) is a reliable prognostic factor in OTSCC; however, a standardized scoring system is not still validated.AimsThe study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of TB in 211 OTSCC patients treated between 1997 and 2018.Materials & MethodsTB was evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections in the hotspot area of the infiltrative front (×200‐magnification). It was scored using a two‐tier system, a three‐tier system, and according to BD‐model and revised‐Grading system. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were performed. A p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe two‐tier and three‐tier systems resulted an independent prognostic factor of DSS. High‐risk patients had a 2.21 and 3.08 times increased probability of poor DSS compared with low‐risk group. It is significantly increased even for intermediate‐risk group. No significant differences emerged classifying patients according to BD‐model and revised‐Grading system.DiscussionThese data confirm the prognostic value of TB in predicting DSS in OTSCC. Classifying patients into two groups using the 5‐bud cutoff significantly discriminates their outcomes.ConclusionSince the established role of DOI and the poor prognostic value of grading, TB could be considered an independent prognostic marker.
The Significance of Evaluating the Femoral Head Blood Supply after Femoral Neck Fracture: A New Classification for Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Zhao Dewei , Wang Zihua , Cheng Liangliang , Tian Simiao , Liu Baoyi , Yang Lei , Ma Zhijie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a new classification with the Garden classification by exploring their relationships with vascular injury.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 73 patients with subcapital femoral neck fracture from July 2015 to November 2018, including 32 males and 41 females with an average age of 47.2 years. All patients were classified by the Garden classification using anteroposterior X‐ray imaging and by a new classification system based on three‐dimensional CT imaging. The blood supply of the affected femoral head in these patients was evaluated based on DSA images. Correlations between the two classifications and the degree of vascular injury were assessed.ResultsThe results of the DSA examination indicated that eight patients had no retinacular vessel injury, 20 patients had one retinacular vessel injury, 35 patients had two retinacular vessel injuries, and 10 patients had three retinacular vessel injuries. The degree of vascular injury was used to match the two fracture classifications. Forty‐nine Garden classifications (Type I‐IV: 8, 12, 23, 6, respectively, 67.12%) and 66 new classifications (Type I‐IV: 8, 20, 32, 6, respectively, 90.41%) corresponded to the degree of vascular injury (p < 0.05). The Garden classification showed moderate reliability, and the new classification showed near perfect agreement (Interobserver agreement of k = 0.564 [0.01] in Garden classification vs. Garden classification k = 0.902 [0.01] for the five observers).ConclusionsThe new classification system can accurately describe the degree of fracture displacement and judge the extent of vascular injury.
A “Plus” Model for Safe Transitions to Adulthood: Impacts of an Integrated Intervention Layered onto A National Social Protection Program on Sexual Behavior and Health Seeking among Tanzania's Youth
Authors: Waidler Jennifer , Gilbert Ulrike , Mulokozi Aroldia , Palermo Tia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoverty is a structural driver of risky sexual behaviors. While cash transfers can mitigate some of this risk, complementary interventions have been posited as a way to further reduce multidimensional vulnerability. We examine the impacts of a multicomponent intervention targeted to Tanzanian adolescents on their sexual behaviors and reproductive health. The intervention comprised livelihood and life skills training, mentoring, and health facilities’ strengthening. Data come from a cluster randomized controlled trial, where one study arm received the intervention and the other was randomized to control, but both arms participated in a government cash transfer program. Among 1,933 adolescents interviewed over three rounds, we found increases in contraceptive and HIV knowledge. The program also increased health seeking and HIV testing among boys, but slightly reduced age at sexual debut among girls. There were no impacts on contraceptive use, number of sexual partners, or pregnancy. Findings support the value of an adolescent intervention, and the fact that it was delivered within a social protection platform suggests a potential for scalability. Additional efforts are required to delay sexual debut and reduce the number of sexual partners and pregnancy, possibly through addressing supply‐side barriers and social norms, or through additional linkages to economic opportunities.