bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity of the organic fraction of World Trade Center dust
Authors: DeMarini David M. , Warren Sarah H. , Brooks Lance R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost studies of the health effects and chemical characterization of the dust resulting from the catastrophic collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, have focused on the large inorganic fraction of the dust; however, chemical analyses have identified mutagens and carcinogens in the smaller organic fraction. Here, we determined the mutagenicity of the organic fraction of WTC dust in Salmonella. Only 0.74% of the mass of the particulate matter (PM) <53 μm in diameter was extractable organic matter (EOM). Because the EOM was 10 times more mutagenic in TA100 +S9 than in TA98 +S9 and was negative in TA98 −S9, we inferred, respectively, that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) played a role in the mutagenicity and not nitroarenes. In TA98 +S9, the mutagenic potency of the EOM (0.1 revertant/μg EOM) was within the range of EOMs from air and combustion emissions. However, the EOM‐based mutagenic potency of the particles (0.0007 revertants/μg PM) was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than values from a review of 50 combustion emissions and various air samples. We calculated that 37 PAHs analyzed previously in WTC EOM were 5.4% of the EOM mass and 0.04% of the PM mass; some air contained 0.3 μg WTC EOM/m3 (0.02 μg PAHs/m3). Populations exposed to WTC dust have elevated levels of prostate and thyroid cancer but not lung cancer. Our data support earlier estimates that PAH‐associated cancer risk among this population, for example, PAH‐associated lung cancer, was unlikely to be significantly elevated relative to background PAH exposures.
Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of spinel ferritesSmxZn1−xFe2O4alloys (x = 0,x = 0.2,x = 0.4, andx = 0.6) forNi‐MHaccumulator applications
Authors: Zayani Wissem , Azizi Samir , Salah Mohamed , El‐Nasser Karam S. , Othman Ali Ibraheem , Lamloumi Jilani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we examine the effects of Sm substitution by Zn on the structures and electrochemical characteristics of SmxZn1−xFe2O4alloys prepared by sol–gel technique. The structural properties of the electrodes are studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structural properties of these alloy are well influenced by the substitution rate. The SEM images of the powder of all samples (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) shows the presence of agglomerates in the powder particles. Moreover, EDX investigation demonstrates that the chemical and theoretical compositions of all the prepared alloys are almost the same. The electrochemical performance of the oxide electrodes was analyzed at temperature 298 K using chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and cyclic voltammetry techniques. During the first cycles, the electrochemical discharge capacity increases for all alloys. Obviously, this evolution is rapid for the unsubstituted alloy, but it becomes slower by increasing the substitution rate. The highest discharge capacity value was obtained for the ZnFe2O4electrode of the order of 180 mAh/g while the highest retained capacity was observed for the Sm0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4electrode. The kinetic results showed that the exchange current densityI0and the hydrogen diffusion coefficientDHof the anodes increased with increasing substitution rate and the best values were obtained for the Sm0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4anode.
Numerical investigation on the interactions between rotating detonation wave complex and planar turbine cascade
Authors: Li Qun , Wu Yuwen , Xia Yiqing , Li Xiang , Weng Chunsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to pressure gain characteristics, the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) can be integrated into gas turbines by further improving the system's performance. The matching of unsteady flows in the RDC and turbine is a key challenge. Here, interactions in an RDC and planar turbine cascade are investigated using the unsteady Reynolds time‐averaged Navier‐Stokes method. The effects of the blade profiles on interactions between the oblique shock wave (OSW) and turbine cascade are analyzed, and the suppression effect of the turbine cascade on high‐frequency pressure oscillations is evaluated. The results show that the OSW interacts with the leading edge, pressure side, suction side, and trailing edge of the turbine stator and rotor blades, which generates complex wave systems in the cascade passage. The opposite propagation direction causes the OSW to be aligned or misaligned with the stator blade. The position of the OSW that operates on the turbine cascade changes, and two different wave system structures appear. The various pitches of the turbine cascade at different blade heights cause differing intensities and propagation directions in the reflected wave as generated by the action of the OSW and turbine cascade and the variable flow fields at different blade heights. The turbine cascade can significantly suppress the high‐frequency pressure oscillations, while the pressure amplitude attenuation rate can reach over 80% when the OSW propagates through the turbine cascade. These findings expound on the interaction mechanism between the rotating detonation wave complex and the turbine stator and rotor blades.
Transient cutting transport model for horizontal wells with a slim hole
Authors: An Jintao , Li Jun , Huang Honglin , Liu Gonghui , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Geng , Chen Sainan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompared with conventional drilling methods, the method of drilling horizontal wells with a slim hole (HW‐SH) has advantages, such as high productivity, environment‐friendliness, and low costs. However, during the drilling process, the narrow annulus may become blocked, which may lead to an increase in the annulus pressure if the wellbore is not clean. This often leads to serious drilling accidents, such as sticking and leaking formations. Many models have been used to study the cutting transport law in an annulus, but the influence of drill‐pipe rotation on cutting transport is often ignored and weakened in these models. None of the existing models can effectively simulate the cutting transport law of an entire well section. Therefore, using these models to predict the cutting transport law in the annulus of the HW‐SH will cause significant errors. In this study, the authors first establish a pipeline model of the same size as the on‐site annulus using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Subsequently, a one‐dimensional (1D) two‐layer model that uses three correction factors to express the influence of drill‐pipe rotation on cutting transport and annulus pressure loss is developed. Finally, the parameters in the 1D model are calibrated using the CFD simulation results to accurately predict the cutting transport behavior and annular pressure loss. From the calculation results of the annulus cutting quality, annulus section‐cutting concentration, and annulus pressure drop, it was observed that the two algorithms proposed in this study have a high degree of coincidence, thereby confirming the reliability of the model. The 1D model provides close to three‐dimensional (3D) accuracy at a much shorter central processing unit time than the 3D CFD models. In addition, the accuracy of the developed model was verified using the results of an indoor pipeline two‐phase flow experiment conducted at the University of Tulsa, without considering the rotation of the drill pipe.
Study on fracture characteristics of high key stratum and development law of water and gas transport channels in Datong mining area
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Li Zhenhua , Du Feng , Li Guosheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the problem of the abandoned mine water and harmful gas downflow from the overlying Jurassic of Tongxin coal mine in the Datong mine area, China. A theoretical analysis, physically similar simulation, and field measurement were used. A fracture aperture mechanical model based on key stratum fracture was used to analyze the main influencing factors of high key stratum fracture and rotation. We also compared the fracture characteristics, displacement changes, and fracture development of the high‐key stratum. The results showed that: (1) the main influencing factors affecting the fracture characteristics of high key stratum are the thickness of coal seam mining, the thickness of high key stratum, and the distance between high key stratum and 3–5# coal seam. (2) When both 8309 and 8207 working faces reached critical mining, the high key stratum was fractured and the mining‐induced fracture was developed to the 14# coal seam goaf, which coincided with the field tracer gas measurement results of the 8309 working face, indicating that when the distance between 3 and 5# coal seam and the overlying 14# coal seam goaf is less than 220.9 m, 8309 and 8207 working faces will form the channel for water and gas inrush. (3) The fracture length of the high key stratum above the working face of 8207 is smaller than that of 8309, and the pipeline of water and gas transport channel formed after the critical mining of its working face is larger and wider, which makes it more prone to the disaster of water and gas inrush. Before mining the extra‐thick coal seam, it is necessary to detect and pump the water and gas in the 14# coal seam goaf, so as to avoid the water and gas inrush hazard during the coal seam mining.
Elevated granulocyte colony stimulating factor (CSF) causes cerebellar deficits and anxiety in a model of CSF‐1 receptor related leukodystrophy
Authors: Biundo Fabrizio , Chitu Violeta , Tindi Jaafar , Burghardt Nesha S. , Shlager Gabriel G. L. , Ketchum Harmony C. , DeTure Michael A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Wszolek Zbignew K. , Khodakhah Kamran , Stanley E. Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColony stimulating factor (CSF) receptor‐1 (CSF‐1R)‐related leukoencephalopathy (CRL) is an adult‐onset, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in CSF1R, modeled by the Csf1r+/− mouse. The expression of Csf2, encoding granulocyte‐macrophage CSF (GM‐CSF) and of Csf3, encoding granulocyte CSF (G‐CSF), are elevated in both mouse and human CRL brains. While monoallelic targeting of Csf2 has been shown to attenuate many behavioral and histological deficits of Csf1r+/− mice, including cognitive dysfunction and demyelination, the contribution of Csf3 has not been explored. In the present study, we investigate the behavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological phenotypes of Csf1r+/− mice following monoallelic targeting of Csf3. We show that Csf3 heterozygosity normalized the Csf3 levels in Csf1r+/− mouse brains and ameliorated anxiety‐like behavior, motor coordination and social interaction deficits, but not the cognitive impairment of Csf1r+/− mice. Csf3 heterozygosity failed to prevent callosal demyelination. However, consistent with its effects on behavior, Csf3 heterozygosity normalized microglial morphology in the cerebellum and in the ventral, but not in the dorsal hippocampus. Csf1r+/− mice exhibited altered firing activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) associated with increased engulfment of glutamatergic synapses by DCN microglia and increased deposition of the complement factor C1q on glutamatergic synapses. These phenotypes were significantly ameliorated by monoallelic deletion of Csf3. Our current and earlier findings indicate that G‐CSF and GM‐CSF play largely non‐overlapping roles in CRL‐like disease development in Csf1r+/− mice.
Numerical investigation of MHD convective free stream nanofluid flow influenced by radiation and chemical reaction over stretching cylinder
Authors: Makkar Vinita , Dang Khyati , Sharma Naresh , Yadav Smita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic radiative flow of convective free stream nanofluid through a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model is discussed. The behavior of Brownian motion and thermophoresis is also appropriate. By adopting the similarity transformation, the partial differential equation is diminished into a first‐order ordinary differential equation (ODE). Since transformed equations are highly nonlinear these ODEs are solved by using mathematical simulation. The shooting procedure has been adopted to resolve converted equations along the attendant Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique. The reason behind the present work is to research the effects of different parameters of fluid, namely, magnetic parameter, free stream velocity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, heat radiation, Lewis number on nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity distribution. The impact of significantly participating parameters on velocity, concentration, and temperature distribution is distinguished with appropriate physical significance. The convergence of solutions for temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles is studied carefully. The measured challenges of nanofluids are scale‐up capacity, increase in nanofluid viscosity, nanoparticle dispersion, and nanofluid cost. It is observed that nanoparticle temperature rises for more value of Brownian motion parameter while it declines for higher Lewis number. The current study in the cylindrical region is related to novel free stream flow in the presence of chemical reactions along with convective conditions which find applications in electronic systems like microprocessors and in a wide variety of industries and in the field of biotechnology. The current research helps control the transport phenomena, helping production companies to find the quality of the desired product.
Lead‐induced neurodevelopmental lesion and epigenetic landscape: Implication in neurological disorders
Authors: Liu Mengchen , Liu Rundong , Wang Ruike , Ba Yue , Yu Fangfang , Deng Qihong , Huang Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLead (Pb) was implicated in multiple genotoxic, neuroepigenotoxic, and chromosomal‐toxic mechanisms and interacted with varying synaptic plasticity pathways, likely underpinning previous reports of links between Pb and cognitive impairment. Epigenetic changes have emerged as a promising biomarker for neurological disorders, including cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present review, special attention is paid to neural epigenetic features and mechanisms that can alter gene expression patterns upon environmental Pb exposure in rodents, primates, and zebrafish. Epigenetic modifications have also been discussed in population studies and cell experiment. Further, we explore growing evidence of potential linkage between Pb‐induced disruption of regulatory pathway and neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders both in vivo and in vitro. These findings uncover how epigenome in neurons facilitates the development and function of the brain in response to Pb insult.
Subcanalicular Nanochannel Volume Is Inversely Correlated With Calcium Content in Human Cortical Bone
Authors: Tang Tengteng , Landis William , Blouin Stéphane , Bertinetti Luca , Hartmann Markus A. , Berzlanovich Andrea , Weinkamer Richard , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Fratzl Peter 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution of mineralization density is an important signature of bone growth and remodeling processes, and its alterations are often related to disease. The extracellular matrix of some vertebrate mineralized tissues is known to be perfused by a lacunocanalicular network (LCN), a fluid-filled unmineralized structure that harbors osteocytes and their fine processes and transports extracellular fluid and its constituents. The current report provides evidence for structural and compositional heterogeneity at an even smaller, subcanalicular scale. The work reveals an extensive unmineralized three-dimensional (3D) network of nanochannels (~30 nm in diameter) penetrating the mineralized extracellular matrix of human femoral cortical bone and encompassing a greater volume fraction and surface area than these same parameters of the canaliculi comprising the LCN. The present study combines high-resolution focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to investigate bone ultrastructure in 3D with quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to estimate local bone mineral content. The presence of nanochannels has been found to impact qBEI measurements fundamentally, such that volume percentage (vol%) of nanochannels correlates inversely with weight percentage (wt%) of calcium. This mathematical relationship between nanochannel vol% and calcium wt% suggests that the nanochannels could potentially provide space for ion and small molecule transport throughout the bone matrix. Collectively, these data propose a reinterpretation of qBEI measurements, accounting for nanochannel presence in human bone tissue in addition to collagen and mineral. Further, the results yield insight into bone mineralization processes at the nanometer scale and present the possibility for a potential role of the nanochannel system in permitting ion and small molecule diffusion throughout the extracellular matrix. Such a possible function could thereby lead to the sequestration or occlusion of the ions and small molecules within the extracellular matrix. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Left: Numerous nanochannels (cyan) in human femoral cortical bone intersecting with a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) background image. Right: wt% Ca measured by quantitative backscattered electron imaging and vol% nanochannels measured by FIB-SEM shows an overall inverse correlation between the two parameters.
Clinical features and viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in an outpatient fever clinic during COVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China
Authors: Geng Yu , Hao Yingying , Xu Xiaoming , Huang Rui , He Fei , Ni Jun , Zhan Jie , Chen Yuxin , Hu FengHua , Wu Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical feature and viral etiology for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the community was unknown during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.ObjectiveIn a retrospective study, we aimed to characterize the clinical feature and etiology for the ARI patients admitted to the outpatient fever clinic in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between November 2020 and March 2021.MethodsFifteen common respiratory pathogens were tested using pharyngeal swabs by multiplex reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assays.ResultsOf the 242 patients, 56 (23%) were tested positive for at least one viral agent. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus (HRV) (5.4%), parainfluenza virus type III (PIV‐III) (5.0%), and human coronavirus‐NL63 (HCoV‐NL63) (3.7%). Cough, sputum, nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea were the most prevalent symptoms in patients with viral infection. Elderly and the patients with underlying diseases were susceptible to pneumonia accompanied with sputum and chest oppression. Three (5.4%) patients in virus infection group, whereas 31 (16.7%) in non‐viral infection group (p = 0.033), were empirically prescribed with antiviral agents. Among 149 patients who received antibiotic therapy, 30 (20.1%) patients were later identified with viral infection.ConclusionOur study indicated the importance of accurate diagnosis of ARI, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which might facilitate appropriate clinical treatment.
The intersection of neighborhood and race in urban adolescent health risk behaviors
Authors: Zhao Jin , Goodhines Patricia A. , Park Aesoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsRacial variability in associations of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neighborhood disorder with adolescent health risk behaviors remains under‐researched, which this study examined over 1 year among racially diverse adolescents.MethodsHigh school students (N = 345; 18% Asian, 44% Black, 16% Multiracial, 22% White) completed surveys assessing neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neighborhood disorder, and health risk behaviors (lifetime alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use, number of sexual partners) at baseline (Year 1) and 1‐year follow‐up (Year 2).ResultsAsian, Black, and Multiracial adolescents were more likely to endorse health risk behaviors in Year 2 compared to White adolescents living in similarly disadvantaged neighborhoods at Year 1. Associations of neighborhood disorder with health risk behavior did not differ by race.ConclusionNeighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage (but not neighborhood disorder) may predispose Asian, Black, and Multiracial adolescents to health risk behaviors. Findings may inform interventions to address racial disparities in adolescent health risk behaviors.
Experimental study of CaS preparation from lignite‐reduced phosphogypsum in a fluidized bed
Authors: Ma Dong , Wang Qinhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste. For a fluidized bed, current research has focused on the preparation of CaO and SO2 by PG decomposition, while less research has been conducted with calcium sulfide (CaS) as the target product. Therefore, the effect of different conditions on the preparation of CaS by coal reduction of PG was investigated in a fluidized bed. The mechanism of the reaction between coal and PG was revealed through experiments and kinetic calculations.RESULTSPG decomposition is a combination of solid–solid reaction (carbon reacting with CaSO4) and gas–solid reaction (reducing gas reacting with CaSO4), among which the solid–solid reaction plays a major role. A PG decomposition rate of 99.42% and CaS yield of 91.55% are obtained at 850 °C for 60 min when the Ca/C molar ratio is less than 0.25 and coal particle size is less than 0.075 mm. Lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite can promote the decomposition of PG. However, the higher viscosity of bituminous coal can lead to molten coking of the product, while anthracite is less economical, so lignite is the most suitable. Minerals in coal can improve the decomposition rate of PG. A fluidized bed improves the PG decomposition rate compared to a fixed bed.CONCLUSIONSCaS is obtained by combined solid–solid and gas–solid reactions. Decreasing the Ca/C ratio and coal particle size as well as controlling the reaction temperature below 850 °C are beneficial for CaS generation. The minerals in coal can reduce the PG decomposition temperature and increase the PG decomposition rate. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The nature of psychopathology
Authors: Larsson Henrik , Pettersson Erik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReaders of JCPP Advances known that the dominant classification system (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in psychiatry and psychology conceptualizes psychopathology as discrete diagnostic categories. This measurement model builds on a strong assumption of a clear discontinuity between individuals who meet criteria for a diagnosis and those who don't fulfill diagnostic criteria. During the past decades we have seen huge efforts to test this assumption and explore alternative models, such as research from the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology consortia. Key findings of these efforts are reviewed and discussed in the December issue of JCPP Advances.