bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls
Authors: Lawn Will , Mokrysz Claire , Lees Rachel , Trinci Katie , Petrilli Kat , Skumlien Martine , Borissova Anna , Ofori Shelan , Bird Catherine , Jones Grace , Bloomfield Michael AP , Das Ravi K , Wall Matthew B , Freeman Tom P , Curran H Valerie 
Published: June 2022

Background: Adolescence is characterised by psychological and neural development. Cannabis harms may be accentuated during adolescence. We hypothesised that adolescents would be more vulnerable to the associations between cannabis use and mental health and addiction problems than adults. Method: As part of the ‘CannTeen’ study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. There were 274 participants: split into groups of adolescent users ( n = 76; 16–17 years old) and controls ( n = 63), and adult users ( n = 71; 26–29 years old) and controls ( n = 64). Among users, cannabis use frequency ranged from 1 to 7 days/week, while controls had 0–10 lifetime exposures to cannabis. Adolescent and adult cannabis users were matched on cannabis use frequency (mean=4 days/week). We measured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Psychotomimetic States Inventory-adapted. Results: After adjustment for covariates, adolescent users were more likely to have severe CUD than adult users (odd ratio = 3.474, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.501–8.036). Users reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than controls ( b = 6.004, 95% CI = 1.211–10.796) and adolescents reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than adults ( b = 5.509, 95% CI = 1.070–9.947). User-group was not associated with depression or anxiety. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were identified. Exploratory analyses suggested that cannabis users with severe CUD had greater depression and anxiety levels than cannabis users without severe CUD. Conclusion: Adolescent cannabis users are more likely than adult cannabis users to have severe CUD. Adolescent cannabis users have greater psychotic-like symptoms than adult cannabis users and adolescent controls, through an additive effect. There was no evidence of an amplified vulnerability to cannabis-related increases in subclinical depression, anxiety or psychotic-like symptoms in adolescence. However, poorer mental health was associated with the presence of severe CUD.
The prognostic value of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) for patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Qi Can , Zhou Yun , Hu Zhonghui , Niu Huizhong , Yue Fang , An Huibo , Chen Zhiguo , Wang Ping , Wang Le , Duan Guochen 
Published: June 2022

Objective The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) can predict the survival of patients with lung cancer and other malignancies. However, the prognostic significance of ALI in neuroblastoma has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between ALI and neuroblastoma patient prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 72 neuroblastoma patients treated between January 2014 and August 2020. ALI calculation: Body mass index (BMI) × serum albumin (ALB)/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The optimal cutoff points of prognostic biomarkers were determined by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. According to the cutoff value, the patients were categorized into low or high ALI groups. The chi-square test was used to compare clinical parameters between the two groups. Potential prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results The optimal cutoff value of ALI was 49.17. The low ALI group showed more severe clinical characteristics and poorer survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses suggested that ALI and the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage were independent prognostic factors for neuroblastoma patients. Conclusions Low ALI is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. ALI may be an independent prognostic biomarker for neuroblastoma.
Study on reducing both flow force and cavitation in poppet valves
Authors: Hao Qianhua , Wu Wanrong , Tian Guangtian 
Published: June 2022

The present work is aimed at simultaneously reducing the additional flow force on the cone and cavitation intensity in a poppet valve. A prediction model of flow force on the cone and cavitation was established for the poppet valve by using computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) combined with Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation model. The effects of three poppet valve configurations and their parameters on the flow force and cavitation intensity in valves were investigated. The research results indicate that, compared with the poppet valve A, the poppet valve B has an excellent ability to decrease the flow force on the cone, but promotes the cavitation intensity in the valve. The poppet valve C can not only significantly decrease the flow force on the cone but also has the potential to reduce cavitation intensity in the valve. When the parameter h is 6 mm and the parameter t is 2 mm, the flow force and the relative vapor volume in the valve C can be reduced by an average of 44.2% and 100%, respectively.
Determining Prognostic Factors of Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer Using Censored Quantile Regression
Authors: Yazdani Akram , Haghighat Shahpar 
Published: June 2022

Background: The analysis of disease-free survival and related factors leads to a better understanding of the patient’s condition and recurrence-related characteristics and provides a basis for more appropriate treatment guidance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of prognostic factors on disease-free survival in breast cancer with a quantile regression model. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing data obtained from 2056 breast cancer patients. Age at diagnosis and education status, tumor size, lymph node ratio, tumor grade, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, type of surgery, use of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy were the prognosis factors considered in this study. A quantile regression model was used to investigate prognostic factors of disease-free survival in breast cancer. Results: Disease recurrence was verified in 251 (13.9%) women, and 39 (0.02%) women died before experience recurrence. The 10th percentile of disease-free survival for patients with the hormone therapy was 23.85 months greater than patients who did not receive this treatment ( P value < .001). In the examination of the tumor size, the 10th and 20th percentiles of disease-free survival for patients with tumor size > 5 cm were 31.06 and 27 months less than patients with the tumor size < 2 cm, respectively ( P value = .006 and .021, respectively). Compared with grade 1 tumors, the 10th and 20th percentiles of disease-free survival for patients with grade 3 tumors decreased 30.11 and 38.32 months, respectively ( P value < .001 and .038, respectively). The 10th and 20th percentiles of disease-free survival decreased 28.16 and 45.32 months with a 1 unit increase in lymph node ratio, respectively ( P value = .032 and .032, respectively). Conclusions: Among the prognostic factors, tumor size, grade, and lymph node ratio showed a close relationship with disease-free survival in breast cancer. The findings indicated that developing public screening and educational programs through the health care system with more emphasis on low-educated women is needed among Iranian women.
Association of interactions between tele-critical care and bedside with length of stay and mortality
Authors: O’Shea Amy MJ , Reisinger Heather S , Panos Ralph , Goede Matt , Fortis Spyridon 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Substantial variation exists in telemedicine critical care (Tele-CC) effectiveness, which may be explained by heterogeneity in Tele-CC implementation and utilization. Methods We studied inpatient intensive care unit (ICU) admissions within the Veterans Health Administration from January 2005 to September 2018. Tele-CC affiliation was based on a facility's Tele-CC go-live date. Tele-CC interaction was quantified as the monthly number of video activations, recorded in the eCaremanager® (Phillips) system, per patient days. Tele-CC affiliated facilities were propensity-score matched to facilities without Tele-CC by hospital volume and average modified APACHE scores. We examined the effect of Tele-CC affiliation and the quantity of video interactions between Tele-CC and bedside on hospital outcomes. Results Comparing Tele-CC affiliated and control facilities, affiliated patients were, on average, younger (66.8 years vs 67.8 years; p < 0.001) and more likely to be rural residents (11.3% vs 6.5%; p < 0.001). Stratifying the Tele-CC affiliated facilities, facilities with frequent interactions care for more rural and sicker patients relative to facilities with infrequent interactions. Adjusting for patient demographics, facilities in the top tertile of interactions and propensity score matched control facilities were assessed; patients in ICU's with Tele-CC access experienced shorter ICU-specific lengths of stay (RR = 0.39; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.65]). However, when facilities in the bottom tertile and propensity score matched control facilities were assessed, no significant differences were noted in ICU length of stay. Discussion Tele-CC interactions may occur more frequently for higher acuity patients. Increased Tele-CC interactions may improve health outcomes for the most acute and complex ICU cases.
Platelet-rich plasma improves lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by upgrading autophagy
Authors: Li Yanhui , Shao Chunyan , Zhou Mou , Shi Linying 
Published: June 2022

Objectives Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plays an important role at all stages of wound healing, including the inflammatory stage. Macrophage autophagy has been found to influence the inflammatory response process. However, it is unclear whether PRP can affect inflammatory responses via macrophage autophagy. In the present study, we explored the effect of PRP on inflammatory responses and researched the underlying mechanism. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with PRP and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of PRP on the expression of inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Macrophage autophagosomes were also assessed by TEM and immunofluorescence. Autophagy and NLRP3-related proteins were investigated using Western blot analysis. Results PRP reduced the levels of inflammatory factors and increased autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment with 3-MA, which is an autophagy inhibitor, abolished the impact of PRP on the inflammatory response. Moreover, PRP induced macrophage autophagy by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions These results show that PRP can attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by enhancing autophagy via NLRP3. These study also provides a new perspective on the molecular mechanism of PRP therapy in wound healing.
Toward stable astronaut following of extravehicular activity assistant robots using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hu Ruijun , Zhang Yulin , Li Chuanxiang 
Published: June 2022

The use of mobile robots for assisting astronauts in extravehicular activities could be an effective option for improving mission productivity and crew safety. It is thus critical that these robots follow the astronaut and maintain a stable distance to provide personalized and timely assistance. However, most extraterrestrial bodies exhibit rugged terrain that can impede a robot’s movements. As such, a novel predictive-guide following strategy is proposed to improve the stability of astronaut–robot distance in obstructive environments. This strategy combines a deep reinforcement learning navigator and a Kalman filter-based predictor to generate optimized motion sequences for safely following the astronaut and acquire predictive guidance concerning future astronaut movements. The proposed model achieved a success rate of 95.0% in simulated navigation tasks and adapted well to untrained complex environments and varied robot movement settings. Comparative tests indicated our strategy managed to stabilize the following distance to within ±1.0 m of the reference value in obstructed environments, significantly outperforming other following strategies. The feasibility and advantage of the proposed approach was validated with a physical robotic follower in a Mars-like environment. [Formula: see text]
Avatrombopag ethnic sensitivity analysis in chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia patients: individual-level pooled analysis
Authors: Lu Jun , Jamieson Brian D. , Hui Ai-Min 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Few data have been published on the ethnic sensitivity of effectiveness, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of avatrombopag for the management of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Methods: An ethnic sensitivity analysis was performed based on the results from two phase III studies (ADAPT-1 and ADAPT-2), with a primary endpoint of the proportion of patients without the requirement of platelet transfusion or rescue treatment for bleeding after randomization to 7 days following a scheduled procedure, and three phase I studies in healthy subjects. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the differences in effectiveness in different ethnicities and overall population. Results: In total, 435 patients (placebo, n = 158; avatrombopag, n = 277) were stratified into various ethnic groups: 121 East Asians, including the subgroup of 27 Chinese, and 259 Caucasians. The proportion of patients who did not receive a platelet transfusion and those with a platelet count ⩾50 × 109/L in the avatrombopag 40 and 60 mg groups were higher than that of placebo for all ethnicities and in the overall population. Statistical significance was obtained in the overall population and for all ethnicities other than Chinese patients, a group with a very small sample size. No significant difference was observed in the proportion of responders in each ethnic group compared to overall population ( p > 0.05). The incidence of adverse events in East Asians was similar to that in both Caucasians and the overall population. Conclusion: Avatrombopag was effective and safe in the management of thrombocytopenia in Chinese patients with CLD. Ethnicity does not appear to influence the efficacy, safety, PK, or PD of avatrombopag.
Novel method for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia using the gastrocnemius flap: A preliminary study
Authors: Cai Wenquan , Su Yuxi , Nan Guoxin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare disease that is particularly difficult to treat; the most difficult complications include nonunion of the tibia, refracture, and failed surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of transposing gastrocnemius flaps for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Methods: Nine patients (aged 6.2 ± 3.6 years) diagnosed with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in our hospital between March 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled. The tibial pseudarthrosis and thickened periosteum were completely removed, and intramedullary nails were used to fix the tibia. Bone harvest from the iliac, mixed with allogenic bone, was filled in the gap created by excision of the pseudarthrosis site and the surrounding periosteum; the gastrocnemius flap was then used to wrap the pseudoarthrosis site. The plaster cast was fixed postoperatively. The tibial union was evaluated via radiograph, and the plaster cast was removed after 12–24 weeks. Patients began walking approximately 12–14 weeks postoperatively. Results: Anatomical reduction was achieved in all the patients; the mean bone healing time was 10.1 ± 2.1 months. Bone nonunion was observed in one patient, and no neurovascular injury or wound infection occurred. Limb length discrepancy was in the range 3.2 ± 1.8 cm at 1 year and 4.7 ± 2.7 cm at 2 years after surgery. Two patients underwent replacement of the intramedullary nail, and eight patients exhibited good functional and radiographic outcomes. Conclusion: This preliminary study proved that using the gastrocnemius muscle flap to cover the pseudarthrosis site was an effective method to promote the tibial union and treat congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.
Postoperative growth rate affects time to growth arrest after percutaneous physiodesis: A radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Wingstrand Maria , Elfving Maria , Hägglund Gunnar , Lauge-Pedersen Henrik 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the time at which physeal arrest is achieved after percutaneous physiodesis, and whether immediate postoperative growth rate affects the time to reach physeal arrest. Methods: Radiostereometric analysis, with implantation of tantalum balls as radiographic markers on each side of the physes, was used to measure residual longitudinal growth in 21 children (10 boys and 11 girls) after percutaneous physiodesis for leg length discrepancy or extreme tall stature. In total, 25 femoral and 20 tibial physes were operated on. Median age at surgery was 13.9 years (range = 11.4–16.1). Radiostereometric analysis was performed postoperatively and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Longitudinal growth rate <50 µm per week was defined as physeal arrest. Descriptive statistics were used for evaluation. Results: Physeal arrest was obtained in 19 of the 21 children (40 physes) within 12 weeks postoperatively. One child was reoperated on in three out of four physes because of continued growth, and in one child, delayed physeal arrest was present at 26 weeks postoperatively. Time to physeal arrest was longer in physes with a higher immediate postoperative growth rate. Conclusion: Postoperative follow-up with radiostereometric analysis at 12 and 15 weeks can determine whether physeal arrest has been achieved. The immediate postoperative growth rate after physiodesis seems to affect the time to physeal arrest. This implies that the risk for complications is greater for children during an accelerated growth period, for example, in boys, younger children and in distal femoral physes. Level of evidence: level III.
Association between femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and limited lateral hip rotation in young athletes: A case–control study
Authors: Šarčević Zoran , Tepavčević Andreja 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Hip pain is very common in athletes. One of the main disorders causing hip pain is femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. This study aimed to identify a new etiological risk factor for femoroacetabular impingement in the hip. Methods: This case–control study included 88 young athletes, 34 with pains in the hip (supposedly with femoroacetabular impingement) and 54 controls. Femoroacetabular impingement was diagnosed with a flexion, adduction, internal, and rotation test and a particular type of hip pain during sports activities. The medial (internal) and lateral (external) hip ranges of rotation have been measured with an inclinometer. The data were analyzed using a t-test, the Wilcoxon test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the external hip rotation range between the athletes with hip pain and controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that external hip range of motion is significantly associated with femoroacetabular impingement. Conclusion: Limited external hip range of motion was found to be significantly associated with the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement in young athletes. A biomechanical explanation of the hypothesis that limited external hip rotation can predict femoroacetabular impingement is given. Based on our results, the hip’s lateral range of motion screening can be advised within the regular screening of young athletes. Kinesiotherapeutic procedures for stretching the muscles of the medial hip rotors can be advised to prevent the lateral hip rotation restriction and lower the risk of femoroacetabular impingement in case the limited rotation is due to muscular restriction. Level of evidence: level III—case–control study.
Patterns of Timing and Intensity of Physical Activity and HbA1c Levels in Hispanic/Latino Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kerr David , Abbasi Mahsan , Bevier Wendy , Glantz Namino , Larez Arianna , Sabharwal Ashutosh 
Published: June 2022

Background: Despite the clear benefits of increased physical activity (PA) on glycemic control, little is known about the importance of the timing of exercise among people with diabetes. Our objective was to compare the time of day of PA with concurrent HbA1c levels and body mass index (BMI) among Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Monitored activity data obtained from Hispanic/Latino adults were summarized as number of steps per day, moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and energy expenditure (kcals/day). We next examined the association between PA measures and participants’ HbA1c. K-means clustering analysis was applied to identify daily PA patterns by time of day and intensity. Results: Three dominant clusters were identified: low-intensity PA, and early and late PA by time of day. The step counts were correlated with HbA1c in the late-active group ( P = .01). Furthermore, independently in younger adults (age ≤ 50 years) and in overweight adults 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), there was an association between HbA1c and step counts ( P < .01 and P < .005, respectively) as well as HbA1c and MVPA ( P < .05 and P < .035, respectively). Conclusions: For Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk of T2D, there appears to be clustering of PA by intensity and time of day which, in turn, may influence achieved HbA1c and BMI. Our findings demonstrate that the amount of activity is more efficacious on HbA1c in participants who are more active later during the day and separately in overweight and younger individuals. This finding may help design more personalized PA recommendations in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03830840 and NCT03736468.
Safety and Functional Integrity of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors When Used During Radiologic Procedures Under High Exposure Conditions
Authors: Matievich William , Kiaie Namvar , Dunn Timothy C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: We investigated wearable components of the Abbott Diabetes Care FreeStyle Libre® (continuous glucose monitoring [CGM 1), FreeStyle Libre® 2 (CGM 2), and FreeStyle Libre® 3 (CGM 3) systems in simulated diagnostic radiologic procedures. Methods: Sensors were loaded with simulated glucose data and exposed to X-ray scanning, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to simulate radiotherapeutic procedures. The exposure settings were representative of maximum in clinical settings. After the simulations, bench tests were used to assess data integrity and responsiveness of sensors to various concentrations of aqueous glucose. Results: All sensors passed all acceptance criteria following each session of X-ray, CT, and MRI exposures. During the 3 T MRI simulation, the displacement forces for the CGM 1, CGM 2, and CGM 3 sensors were 0.132, 0.109, and 0.063 N, respectively, which are more than 100× smaller than the force of 15.97 N required to dislodge the sensor from the body. Data stored in the sensors prior to the exposures remained intact. Conclusion: The sensors maintained functionality following a series of high exposure conditions in both X-ray and CT scanning systems, and the sensors were easily visible and identifiable when scanned using clinically relevant scanning parameters. Therefore, patients can continue to wear and use their sensors during and after imaging. The nonclinical MRI testing demonstrated that the sensors can be worn under the specified MRI conditions.