bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient global amnesia: Uncommon diagnosis of exclusion
Authors: Sheikh Hassan Mohamed , Osman Sidow Nor , Adam Mohamed Nur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransient global amnesia (TGA) is an uncommon clinical syndrome characterized by short‐term memory loss and disorientation that resolves in 24 h. Here, we report a 60‐year‐old male patient who presented with a sudden onset of disorientation and short‐term memory loss and started to ask about his whereabouts and what happened. He had no significant past medical or psychiatric disorder. Likewise, the patient did not have a recent history of head trauma, substance abuse, loss of consciousness, seizure disorder, or migraine. Neurologic examination was normal except for mild disorientation and short‐term memory impairment. He had a score of 18/30 on the mini‐mental state examination. Extensive laboratory investigations did not show any abnormal findings. Brain MRI and EEG were normal. His memory improved and returned to a normal baseline within 24 h from the onset. After the exclusion of potential causes and the patient returned to a normal state of memory, the diagnosis of transient global amnesia was made. At the follow‐up visit, the patient was in a state of normal function without a recurrence of memory impairment. Here, we presented this interesting case of transient global amnesia. TGA is a diagnosis of exclusion and is essential to keep in mind when evaluating a patient with acute onset of short‐term memory impairment, especially when etiological investigations reveal no potential cause.
A rare case ofSRD5A3‐CDGin a patient with ataxia and telangiectasia: A case report
Authors: Nabavizadeh Sayyed Hesamedin , Noeiaghdam Rafat , Johari Leila , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Alyasin Soheila Sadat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSteroid 5α‐reductase type 3 congenital disorder of glycosylation (SRD5A3‐CDG) is an extremely rare congenital disease. Common manifestations are developmental delay, intellectual disability, ophthalmological abnormalities, cerebellar abnormalities, ataxia, and hypotonia. Here, we discuss a seven‐year‐old boy with SRD5A3‐CDG (homozygous variant c.57G>A [p.Trp19Ter]), featuring the unprecedented finding of telangiectasia.
Software code refactoring based on deep neural network‐based fitness function
Authors: Karakati Chitti Babu , Thirumaaran Sethukarasi 
Published: November 2022

SummaryRefactoring is extensively recognized for enhancing the internal structure of object‐oriented software while preserving its external behavior. However, determining refactoring opportunities is challenging for designers and researchers alike. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have shown a great possibility of resolving this issue. This study proposes a deep neural network‐based fitness function (DNNFF) to resolve the software refactoring issue. This study suggests an effective learning technique that automatically featured extracted from the trained models and predicted code clones to recommend which category to refactor. The software engineers automatically assess the recommended refactoring solutions using Genetic Algorithms (GA) for minimum iterations. A Deep Neural Networks (DNN) utilizes these training instances to assess the refactoring solutions for the residual iterations. The refactoring process primarily depends on software designers' skills and perceptions. The simulation findings demonstrate that the suggested DNNFF model enhances the code change score of 98.7%, automatic refactoring score of 97.3%, defect correlation ratio of 96.9%, refactoring precision ratio of 95.9%, flaw detection ratio of 94.4%, and reduces the execution time of 10.2% compared to other existing methods.
Evaluation of wheat stem sawfly‐resistant solid stem Qss.msub‐3BL alleles in hard red winter wheat
Authors: Wong Mei Ling , Bruckner Philip L. , Berg Jim E. , Lamb Peggy F. , Hofland Megan L. , Caron Christopher G. , Heo Hwa‐Young , Blake Nancy K. , Weaver David K. , Cook Jason P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHost plant resistance provided by solid stems has been the most effective means for mitigating wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton) damage in spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The solid stem trait originates from the spring wheat cultivar “Rescue” and is associated with a quantitative trait locus allele Qss.msub‐3BL.b that explains the majority of the variation for stem solidness. Recently, a new Qss.msub‐3BL solid stem allele, designated Qss.msub‐3BL.c, was identified in the spring wheat cultivar “Conan”. It produces a solid stem phenotype early in plant development but dissipates during plant growth. The Qss.msub‐3BL.c allele provides effective WSS resistance in spring wheat but has not been tested in winter wheat. To examine if the Qss.msub‐3BL.c allele provides adequate WSS resistance in winter wheat, near‐isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using marker‐assisted backcrossing. This enabled comparisons between the hollow stem Qss.msub‐3BL.a, solid stem Qss.msub‐3BL.b and solid stem Qss.msub‐3BL.c alleles for stem solidness, WSS resistance, and agronomic traits in Montana growing environments. Compared to the hollow stem allele, the NILs with the Qss.msub‐3BL.c allele increased stem solidness and reduced WSS stem cutting. However, the Qss.msub‐3BL.c allele resulted in lower solid stem scores and greater WSS stem cutting compared to the Qss.msub‐3BL.b allele. Overall, these findings indicate that the Qss.msub‐3BL.c allele failed to provide sufficient WSS resistance in the winter wheat backgrounds tested in this study.
Genotypic effects on the response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to sulfonylurea herbicides
Authors: Lawn Catherine E. , James Andrew T. , Dieters Mark J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSulfonylurea (SU) herbicides registered for use in other crops in Australia may leave residues in the soil interrupting rotations involving soybean. However, two unlinked genes (ALS1 and ALS2) confer SU tolerance in soybean. Here, we report experiments that explored the effectiveness of these ALS genes in Australian soybean germplasm. The first two experiments assessed the tolerance to halosulfuron‐methyl or metsulfuron‐methyl of lines with either zero ALS gene (ALS1) or both ALS1 and ALS2 in five different Australian genetic backgrounds. The presence of both ALS1 and ALS2 conferred strong SU tolerance at herbicide application rates as high as four times (4×) the recommended field rate, with evidence of interaction with the genetic background; lines carrying only ALS1 also performed well but demonstrated less tolerance. For the third experiment, the five lines homozygous for both ALS genes were intercrossed in a half‐diallel mating design. The resulting F2 population were screened for tolerance to metsulfuron‐methyl herbicide. In all instances, the presence of the two ALS genes provided absolute protection for the growth tip. Analyses of seedling dry weight and purple leaf discoloration demonstrated significant differences among the crosses. For dry weight, high and significant heritability estimates indicated significant additional genetic variation for SU tolerance in five of the 10 F2 crosses (p ≤ 0.05). The results of these three studies confirm that two ALS genes confer tolerance to SU herbicides when crossed into Australian soybean germplasm, but suggest possible epistatic effects within different backgrounds, and the possibility of other (minor) genes conferring additional SU tolerance.
Exercise modalities for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Hou Liangying , Wang Qi , Pan Bei , Li Rui , Li Yanfei , He Juanjuan , Qin Tianzhu , Cao Liujiao , Zhang Na , Cao Changhao , Ge Long , Yang Kehu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to determine the effects of different exercise modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception until July 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise in adults with T2DM. Paired reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis (CINeMA) framework.ResultsA total of 106 RCTs that enroled eight exercise modalities with 7438 patients were included. Six exercise modalities, except unsupervised aerobic/resistance exercise, significantly reduced glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), with mean differences (MDs) ranging from 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34‒1.08) to 0.34 (95% CI: 0.17‒0.52), low to high certainty, in comparison with no exercise. The evidence of low to moderate certainty showed that supervised aerobic/resistance exercise improved glycaemic control, body weight, blood pressure, and blood lipid profiles compared with no exercise. Flexibility exercise may be associated with glycaemic control (HbA1c: MD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.34‒1.08); fasting plasma glucose (MD = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.78‒2.17), and weight loss (MD = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.85‒2.75) compared with controls, but not blood pressure and lipid profiles. Balance exercise showed the largest benefit in improving total cholesterol (MD = 52.81, 95% CI: 28.47‒77.16) and low certainty. We found no significant differences between exercises and the triacylglycerol (TG) level.ConclusionsOverall, our network meta‐analyses support the recommendation for exercise in patients with T2DM, especially supervised exercises. Limited evidence supports the benefits of flexibility and balance exercises. The effectiveness of exercise modalities for TG reduction remains unclear.
Mycobial community assemblages in sink drains across a university campus
Authors: Withey Zoe , Awan Alisha , Duguma Naol , Fell Elsie , Martinez Naomi J. , Neary Ed , Goodall Tim , Gweon Hyun S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple fungal species, including potential opportunistic pathogens have been previously identified in water systems. Here, we investigated over 250 restroom sink fungal communities across a university campus and evaluated their diversity and core taxa present. Remarkable similarity in mycobial community composition was observed across buildings with Ascomycota consistently dominating. We found a core mycobiome independent of the building sampled, that included Exophiala species, potential opportunistic pathogenic black yeasts. Other prevalent and dominant taxa included Saccharomyces and Fusarium, common built environment fungi. The frequent presence of Malassezia, a common skin commensal, showed the external influence of human activities as a source of fungi to sinks. The study represents a novel exploration of sink P‐traps mycobial communities from a public area and highlights their importance as reservoirs of possible pathogenic fungi, as well as emphasizing the relevance of further research in this understudied ecosystem within the built environment.
Riparian Spiders: Sentinels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran–Contaminated Sediment
Authors: Beaubien Gale B. , White Dalon P. , Walters David M. , Otter Ryan R. , Fritz Ken , Crone Brian , Mills Marc A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) are persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative. Currently, PCDD/F monitoring programs primarily use fish and birds with potentially large home ranges to monitor temporal trends over broad spatial scales; sentinel organisms that provide targeted sediment contaminant information across small geographic areas have yet to be developed. Riparian orb-weaving spiders, which typically have small home ranges and consume primarily adult aquatic insects, are potential PCDD/F sentinels. Recent studies have demonstrated that spider tissue concentrations indicate the source and magnitude of dioxin-like chlorinated compounds in contaminated sediments, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our aim in the present study was to assess the utility of riparian spiders as sentinels for PCDD/F-contaminated sediments. We measured PCDD/F (total [Σ] and homologs) in surface sediments and spiders collected from three sites within the St. Louis River basin (Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA). We then compared (1) patterns in ΣPCDD/F concentrations between sediment and spiders, (2) the distribution of homologs within sediments and spiders when pooled across sites, and (3) the relationship between sediment and spider concentrations of PCDD/F homologs across 13 stations sampled across the three sites. The ΣPCDD/F concentrations in sediment (mean ± standard error 286 591 ± 97 614 pg/g) were significantly higher than those in riparian spiders (2463 ± 977 pg/g, p &lt; 0.001), but the relative abundance of homologs in sediment and spiders were not significantly different. Spider homolog concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with sediment concentrations across a gradient of sediment PCDD/F contamination (R2 = 0.47, p &lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that, as has been shown for other legacy organic chemicals like PCBs, riparian spiders are suitable sentinels of PCDD/F in contaminated sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:414–420. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Abstract
Spider tissues reflect sediment polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran homolog distribution as well as homolog concentrations along a contamination gradient. TCDF = tetrachlorodibenzofuran; PeCDF = pentachlorodibenzofuran; HxCDF = hexachlorodibenzofuran; HpCDF = heptachlorodibenzofuran; OCDF = octachlorodibenzofuran; TCDD = tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; PeCDD = pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; HxCDD = hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; HpCDD = heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; OCDD = octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
Integration of the CA2 region in the hippocampal network during epileptogenesis
Authors: Kilias Antje , Tulke Susanne , Barheier Nicole , Ruther Patrick , Häussler Ute 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe CA2 pyramidal cells are mostly resistant to cell death in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis, but they are aberrantly integrated into the epileptic hippocampal network via mossy fiber sprouting. Furthermore, they show increased excitability in vitro in hippocampal slices obtained from human MTLE specimens or animal epilepsy models. Although these changes promote CA2 to contribute to epileptic activity (EA) in vivo, the role of CA2 in the epileptic network within and beyond the sclerotic hippocampus is still unclear. We used the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model for MTLE, which recapitulates most features of the human disease including pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures and hippocampal sclerosis, with preservation of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and CA2 pyramidal cells. In vivo recordings with electrodes in CA2 and the DG showed that EA occurs at high coincidence between the ipsilateral DG and CA2 and current source density analysis of silicon probe recordings in dorsal ipsilateral CA2 revealed CA2 as a local source of EA. Cell‐specific viral tracing in Amigo2‐icreERT2 mice confirmed the preservation of the axonal projection from ipsilateral CA2 pyramidal cells to contralateral CA2 under epileptic conditions and indeed, EA propagated from ipsi‐ to contralateral CA2 with increasing likelihood with time after KA injection, but always at lower intensity than within the ipsilateral hippocampus. Furthermore, we show that CA2 presents with local theta oscillations and like the DG, shows a pathological reduction of theta frequency already from 2 days after KA onward. The early changes in activity might be facilitated by the loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (Gad67) mRNA‐expressing interneurons directly after the initial status epilepticus in ipsi‐ but not contralateral CA2. Together, our data highlight CA2 as an active player in the epileptic network and with its contralateral connections as one possible router of aberrant activity.
Halocyclopropenium‐Halide Halogen‐Bonded Ion Pairs and Their Hydrogen‐Bonded Halide Solvates
Authors: Abdelbassit Mohammed S. , Curnow Owen J. , Waterland Mark R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA series of salts with a diaminohalocyclopropenium cation and halide anion [C3(NiPr2)2X]X (X=Cl ([1]Cl) or Br ([2]Br) were isolated with a variety of solvates and, in one case, as a co‐crystal with hydronium chloride. In particular, the initial synthesis of [1]Cl formed a co‐crystal with hydronium and with CH2Cl2 solvate ([1]2[OH3Cl3] ⋅ CH2Cl2) upon isolation from acetone/CH2Cl2. Recrystallization of this from chloroform gave a dichloroform adduct [1]Cl ⋅ 2CHCl3, whereas treatment with ICl formed an octahalide cluster [1]2I4Cl4. The bromine salt [2]Br ⋅ C2H4Br2 was prepared by treatment of [1]Cl with dibromoethane and was isolated as a solvate. The hydronium cation was found as part of a hydronium trichloride cluster [OH3Cl3]2− and this, along with a partially‐deuterated analogue of [OHD2Cl3]2− and [OD3Cl3]2−, was studied computationally and by mid‐ and far‐infrared spectroscopy. Significant halogen bonds were found between 1+ or 2+ and chloride or bromide, respectively. On the other hand, the distance to the octahalide [I4Cl4]2− is too long for a halogen bond. Hydrogen bonding from the halides to the halomethane solvates is also significantly stronger than to the cation isopropyl groups. The geometries formed at the halide ions with respect to the halogen bond and strong hydrogen bonds are pyramidal with approximately orthogonal angles.
Exploring the role of social media literacy in adolescents' experiences with personalization: A Norwegian qualitative study
Authors: Bell Ashley Rebecca , Tennfjord Merete Kolberg , Tokovska Miroslava , Eg Ragnhild 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms rely on algorithms to filter and select content, thereby personalizing every individual's social media experience. Many use social media without awareness of this personalization and its impact, pointing to a need to both understand and improve literacy among active social media users. This qualitative study addresses adolescents' social media literacy through an investigation of their experiences with personalization on social media, aiming for a nuanced perspective of their outcomes. A thematic analysis of eight focus group interviews with 47 students aged 15–19 years uncovered two main themes: (1) diverse levels of adolescents' awareness and familiarity with personalization and (2) positive, negative, and mixed emotions toward personalization. Theme one uncovered that although the adolescents were largely unfamiliar with the terminology, when prompted, most of them could provide examples of personalization, whereas theme two revealed that adolescents appreciated relevant content and yet were uneasy about certain features.
Dendric nanostructures for SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins detection based on surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Bian Yupei , Li Yang , Liu Kang , He Houshu , Feng Yingmei , Yu Xia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy is a non‐destructive and rapid characterization tool that can distinguish different viral proteins by spectral details. However, traditional infrared spectroscopy has insufficient absorption signal intensity contrast when measuring low‐concentration samples. In this work, surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is proposed by deploying a novel nanostructure array as SEIRA substrates. An array of gold dendric nanostructures are designed and fabricated with a precision resonance control to achieve surface enhancement covering a broadband molecular “finger‐print” region. The spectral positions of the multiple resonances accurately correspond to the characteristic absorption peaks of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. An approach for SARS‐CoV‐2 protein detection based on SEIRA spectroscopy is then proposed. A low concentration detection of 40 μg/ml diluted SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein is experimentally demonstrated and the enhancement factor (EF) achieved is in good agreement with simulation results. The SEIRA methodology based on broadband resonance nanostructure design provides a systematic approach for sensitive, non‐destructive and rapid protein molecular detection, which could be extended to various kind of molecular characterization and biomedical diagnostics.
‘Is the technology essential or emerging?’ Ways to keep radiation therapy curriculum agile amid rapidly advancing technology
Authors: Short Michala , Giles Eileen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvancing technology in radiation therapy can significantly influence clinical practice and improvement of patient outcomes. In the process, innovations in technology require that changes to clinical practice are adopted within education settings. This commentary aims to describe the uptake of new technology and ways that academics provide an up‐to‐date curriculum when today's innovation is tomorrow's contemporary practice.
Longitudinal changes in cell‐mediated immunity after varicella‐zoster virus skin test in the general population; Shozu Herpes Zoster Study: SHEZ study
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Imano Hironori , Mori Yasuko , Asada Hideo , Yamanishi Koichi , Okuno Yoshinobu , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVaricella‐zoster virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity has been associated with the onset and severity of herpes zoster (HZ), and the administration of the HZ vaccine enhanced the immunity. However, limited data is available on the duration of cell‐mediated immunity enhancement by soluble antigen of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) skin test. A prospective, community‐based cohort study was conducted in Shozu County, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Repeated VZV skin tests containing inactivated VZV antigen and blood tests were performed on 365 subjects aged 60 years and older at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years later. The differential immunity indices of VZV over time for cell‐mediated and humoral immunity were evaluated. VZV skin test reaction and ELISpot counts increased significantly at 1, 2, and 3 years later compared to the baseline. However, humoral immunity indices did not change materially over time. Soluble antigen by VZV skin test enhanced VZV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity, and it persisted for at least 1 year. In addition, the inoculation with inactivated antigens every year by VZV skin test continued to enhance VZV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity after 2 and 3 years.