bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Flower Bud Initiation in Peach Cultivars in Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Authors: Bassols Raseira Maria C. , Moore James N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Buds of three peach clones (‘Diamante’, ‘Capdeboscq’, and Conserva 334) were sampled weekly during the summer in Clarksville, Ark. and Pelotas, RS, Brazil and classified according to their developmental stage. The percentage of buds at stage 3 (apex showing broadening and assuming a roundish shape) was calculated, and flower bud initiation was considered to be the date when at least 50% of the examined buds were at stage 3 or beyond. In Arkansas, flower bud initiation occurred in ‘Capdeboscq’ on 18 July and in ‘Diamante’ and Conserva 334 on 25 July. In Brazil, ‘Capdeboscq’ initiated flower buds on 30 Jan. and ‘Diamante’ and Conserva 334 on 23 Jan. By transforming dates to number of days from beginning of summer, a comparison was made between the two locations for three stages of flower bud development (broadening of the apex, onset of sepal formation, and sepal differentiation). No statistically significant difference was found between locations for time of occurrence of any of the developmental stages. The largest differences obtained were no greater than differences between years at the same location. Buds of ‘Diamante’ were notably variable in stage of development at the same collection date, with some in stages 3 and 4 and others in stage 6. The possible relationship between differential rate of flower bud development and avoidance of winter cold injury is discussed.
Effect of Photoperiod and Growth Regulators on Growth of Three Cactaceae
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Ho Yunn-Shy , Martin Willis C. , Reed R. Bruce 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chamaecereus silvestri (Spreg.) Britt & Rose ‘Peanut cactus’, Mammillaria elongata D.C. ‘Gold Star’, and Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. ‘Bunny Ears’ were grown on an 8-hr natural photoperiod (short) or an 8-hr natural plus 4-hr incandescent light from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am photoperiod (long) and treated with single sprays of growth regulators. Ethephon or the long photoperiod increased shoots on Opuntia. Gibberellic acid alone or BA alone increased Mammillaria and Chamaecereus shoot number linearly, whereas GA plus BA reduced shoot number. Chamaecereus and Opuntia plants grown on a long photoperiod produced more shoots than plants grown on the short photoperiod. Ethephon reduced the dry weight of all cacti tested. Dry weight of untreated Mammillaria and Opuntia plants exceeded that of growth regulator-treated plants. Opuntia plants produced more dry weight on the long photoperiod than on the short photoperiod. GA increased the growth of glochids on Opuntia and Mammillaria. Chemical names used: A-(phenylmethyl-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); and gibberellic acid (GA).
Calcium Deficiency as the Basic Cause of Marginal Bract Necrosis of ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ Poinsettia
Authors: Woltz S. S. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A hypothesis was tested that the cause of a damaging marginal bract necrosis common to ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ poinsettia is a deficiency of Ca that is expressed when the rapidly growing bract outdistances the current supply of Ca. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in a sedge peat-EauGallie sand mix with fertility adjustments designed to moderately enhance Ca deficiency. Twice-weekly foliar applications of Ca (432 ppm) were begun at the stage of first bract coloration to attempt to prevent necrosis. In addition to bract necrosis, puckering of bracts occurred on controls but not in Ca-treated plants. In another experiment, induced Ca deficiency symptomology included bract necrosis. Calcium chloride spray essentially prevented the necrosis. Necrotic bract marginal tissue had 0.07% Ca, whereas sprayed tissue contained more than three times this Ca concentration.
A Chamber for Controlling High Root-zone Stress Temperatures
Authors: Newman S. E. , Davies F. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The design for a chamber to control high root-zone temperature is presented. Air within the insulated chamber was heated with vinyl-jacketed heating cables and cooled with 1:1 water and antifreeze (v/v) pumped through copper coils. Control of the soil temperature was based upon air temperature around the soil containers within the sealed chambers. Chamber operating temperatures could be held between 20° and 50°C ± 0.2° SE.
A Vegetable Tour/Course
Authors: Waters Luther , Sherman Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grower tours, one of the most effective agricultural extension teaching methods (13), have been conducted for many years to production areas generally unfamiliar to participating growers and agribusiness people. Most consist simply of a sequence of visits to farms or agribusinesses where the owners (managers) of the visited businesses explain the operation observed as the tour proceeds through the facility.
Apple Bud Explants as a Screening Test for Growth Regulating Chemicals1
Authors: Powell L. E. , Edgerton L. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bud explants of apple (Malus domestica Bork.) grown aseptically in vitro have been shown to respond to several chemicals in a manner similar to intact trees treated with the same chemicals, except that much lower concentrations are required. The method should be useful as a screening test for chemicals which have shoot-regulatory properties.
Response of Strawberry Cultivars to Fall Application of Benomyl for Storage Decay Protection1
Authors: Maas John L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nineteen strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars in nursery rows were sprayed in the fall with methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarba-mate (benomyl), dug 1 month later and cold-stored for 8 months. Plants of ‘Catskill’, ‘Dixieland’, ‘Earlibelle’, ‘Earlidawn’, ‘Empire’, ‘Fletcher’, ‘Fulton’, ‘Jerseybelle’, ‘Marlate’, ‘Midway’, ‘Raritan’, and ‘Redglow’ sprayed with benomyl were in significantly better condition after storage than nonsprayed plants. ‘Dunlap’, ‘Ozark Beauty’, and ‘Redchief plants were in only slightly better condition due to treatment, but showed significantly higher percentage field survival or first-year fruit yields compared to nontreated plants. ‘Midland’, ‘Ogalla’, and ‘Redstar’ plants showed no difference due to treatment Results indicate that plants of cultivars most difficult to maintain in cold storage benefit the most from preharvest benomyl application.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extraction of Soluble Plant Proteins for Disc Electrophoresis1
Authors: Ascher Peter D. , Weinheimer William H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of crude protein extracted at room temperature from various plant tissues with 10 to 90% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in water (v/v) resulted in clear, reproducible protein and isozyme banding patterns. Degeneration of samples stored at -29°C, as indicated by gradual discoloration, began 1 month after freezing in samples extracted with 10-20% and 6 months to 1 year after freezing in samples extracted with 30-60% DMSO. Banding patterns of gels run with discolored samples reflected the degradation in missing bands and indistinct band boundaries. Tissue extraction at 0°C with DMSO did not improve protein patterns in the gels.
Influence of Aeration Rate and Atmospheric Composition during Simulated Transit on Visual Quality and Off-odor Production by Broccoli1
Authors: Kasmire R. F. , Kader A. A. , Klaustermeyer J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rates of air flow that permitted accumulation of CO2 up to 18% and O2 depletion to 1% or lower resulted in the development of off-odors in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) following 8 days of simulated transit at 2.5°C Production of off-odors under restricted aeration was more pronounced at 0° than at 2.5° or 5°. Added CO2 (10%) under normal aeration retarded yellowing and did not affect odor after 10 days at 2.5°, but after 17 days it resulted in a slight off-odor that disappeared upon holding in air at 5° for 2 days. O2 levels of < 1% caused offensive off-odors that were still detectable after holding in air. After 9 days at 2.5° the effect of 1% O2 + 20% CO2 on off-odor production was similar to 0.5% O2 alone. Respiration rate of broccoli flower heads held in 0.5% O2 at 2.5° was about 60% of the rate in air.
Anthocyanins of Cornaceae, Cornus kousa Hance and Cornus florida L.1
Authors: Du C. T. , Wang P. L. , Francis F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Both Cornus kousa and C florida are dogwood plants widely grown for ornamental purposes. The fruits of G kousa are attractive and edible, and are fermented to wine in parts of China where this plant is grown. Our recent investigation of the anthocyanins in 2 other Cornus species (1, 2, 4) has indicated the presence of 3-robinobiosides of cyanidin and pelargonidin as characteristic pigments in the two species examined. This report describes the isolation and identification of the anthocyanins present in C. kousa and C. florida.
Texas Horticultare
Authors: Pike Leonard M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To appreciate the existing variation to horticulture in Texas, you need to realize the state has an area of more than 168,000,000 acres which are divided into 14 land resource areas based on soil types, topography, climate, and vegetation. The states annual rainfall varies from 58 to 8 inches East to West with forest free areas varying from 30 to 180 days South to North. The total horticultural economoc farm value in 1973 was about $326,571,000 of which 69% was attributed to vegetables, 18% to fruits and nuts, and 13% to ornamentals.
Gas Exchange in Fruits of Apricot and Peach at Elevated Temperatures1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Mitchell F. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gas exchange occurs freely between ambient air and tissues adjacent to the pit of fruits of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] even when the 2 ends of the fruit are waxed. The route of exchange is thus via flesh and epidermis. Oxygen deficiency is not likely a factor in high-temperature injury in these fruits.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Ultrastructure of ‘Bartlett’ Pears1
Authors: Frenkel Chaim , Patterson M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Barttett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) were stored in air or 10% CO2 at 0°C for 90 days. Electronmicroscopy study of the core, representing the ovary tissue confined by the inner concentric vascular bundles, revealed extensive ultrastructural alterations of various membranous systems in CO2-treated fruit, including the mitochondria, the plastids, the tonoplast and the cytoplasm. These alterations in protoplasmic membranes accompanying CO2 treatment suggest loss in cellular organization and may explain the injurious effect of CO2 in fruit.
Nitrogen Form and Growth and Nitrate Reductase Activity of the Cranberry1
Authors: Dirr Michael A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cranberry plants, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Early Black, were grown with NO3-N, NH4-N or NO3-N + NH4-N at a concentration of 50 ppm N. Fresh weight of plants cultured on each Ν treatment was similar. Nitrate Ν was present in roots but not leaves. Ammonium Ν was present in both organs. Nitrate reductase activity was demonstrated in roots but not detected in leaves. Activity was significantly greater in roots of plants grown with NO3-N vs. NO3-N + NH4-N or NH4-N grown roots. Mycorr-hizae were not present in or on the roots and bacteria were eliminated as factors affected NO3 reduction. Results suggested cranberry was able to assimilate the NO3 form of N.
Foliar Chlorosis of Dracaena deremensis Engler cv. Warneckii Cuttings Induced by Fluoride1,2
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unrooted cuttings of ‘Warneckii’ Dracaena were propagated in various media under mist or surface irrigated 3 times weekly. Cuttings propagated in German peat had more foliar chlorosis than cuttings in bark or calcined clay. Cuttings not receiving mist had slightly more chlorosis than cuttings under mist Foliar chlorosis was positively correlated (r = 0.95) with fluoride content
Nitrogen Fixation by Woody Plant Species as Measured by the Acetylene Reduction Assay1
Authors: McNiel Robert E. , Carpenter Philip L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nodules from 13 woody plant species were analyzed by an acetylene reduction assay to determine their nitrogen fixation activity. Acetylene reduction activity was found with nodules from Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Caragana arborescens Lam., Elaeagnus angusti/olia L., E. umbellata Thunb., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Myrica pensylvanica Lois, Robinia fertilis Ashe., R. hispida L., R. pseudoacacia L., Shepherdia argentea Nutt., and S. canadensis Nutt. In addition, nodules from A. glutinosa were found to reduce acetylene for at least 9 hours after having been excised from the plant No active nodules were found on Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. or Cercis canadensis L.
Mycorrhizal Association between Lilium Taxa and Endogone1
Authors: Vanderploeg J. F. , Lighty R. W. , Sasser M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Endogone increased the growth of two lily taxa as indicated by visual size ranking, and by dry weights of the shoots, bulbs and roots. Both taxa grew better in topsoil than in subsoil, and the taxa differed in growth rate of the shoots. The presence of Endogone had a greater influence on growth rate than did other factors evaluated.
Onion Seed Yield as Affected by Pink Root Disease, Soil Fumigation, Mother Bulb Fertilization and Bulb Size1
Authors: El Gasim Ahmed Ahmed Abu , Harrington James F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pink root, a soil-borne disease caused by the fungus Pyrenochaeta terrestris, reduced onion seed yield in paired comparisons of soil blocks fumigated for pink root control versus non-fumigated soil blocks infested with pink root Bulbs that had been produced on pink root free soil when planted for seed production on pink root infested soil developed only slight infection late in the season and produced no less seed than similar bulbs planted on fumigated soil. Bulbs of cultivars resistant to pink root also developed only mild infection late in the season when planted for seed production on pink root infested soil with no loss in seed yield as compared to those on fumigated soil. Mother bulbs from fields properly fertilized may produce more seed than bulbs of the same size from poorly fertilized fields.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rasmussen H. Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cover photograph1 is a scanning electron microscope image of pollen of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. clinging to the convoluted anther. The large pollen grains are mature and undoubtedly viable. The small pollen grain at the right is probably aborted pollen which is rather common in species hybrids. Some cellular structure of the anther wall is evident.
Ethephon-induced Flowering in Apple Seedlings1
Authors: Kender W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied as a foliar spray at 1000 and 2000 ppm to 3-, 4-, and 5-yr old nonbearing seedlings of apple (Malus pumila Miller) significantly increased the percentage of trees flowering for the first time and the total number of flower clusters per tree.
Terbacil and Fertility Effects on Yield of Lowbush Blueberry1
Authors: Ismail Amr A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-mefhyluracil) at either 2.24, 3.58 or 7.17 kg/ha applied under high fertility level (168 kg N/ha from 1-2-2 formulation) significantly increased yield of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait and V. Myrtilloides Willd.). No yield differences were observed among terbacil rates. Rate of fertilizer application affected berry yield.
Total Carbohydrate and Carotenoid Content of Sweet Potatoes as Affected by Cultivar and Area of Production1
Authors: Hammett H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) were grown at 7 production sites in Mississippi during 1959 and 1960, using plants from a common source. Forty U.S. No. 1 roots of each cultivar at each production site were sampled and carbohydrate and carotene content determined. Variation in carotene content was much greater among cultivars when compared to variation among production sites, however, there were highly significant differences within a cultivar among the various production locations. Carbohydrate content within a cultivar varied among production sites more than among those at any one production site. The feasibility of establishing a nutrient content range for fresh vegetable products is highly questionable.
Border Growth Control of Iceplant with Chlorflurenol Sprays1
Authors: Hield Henry , Hemstreet Stuart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lateral spread of iceplant (Carpobrotus edule L. Bolus) was best reduced by sprays of 2-chloro-9-hydroxyflou-rene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurenol) at 300 ppm; other chemicals tested were ineffective. Addition of 0.1% X-77 adjuvant often improved growth reduction. Greater growth reductions from second treatments suggest an advantage for a continuing spray program.
Shade and Ornamental Tree Research1
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive study of new introductions of shade and ornamental trees adapted to the North Central United States has been underway at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, since 1966. Goal of the IO-year research effort is to evaluate characteristics of each cultivar, paying special attention to identifying the suitability of each for planting in urban and suburban environments, along street and highway right-of-ways, and under utility lines.
Low Temperature Exotherms and Woody Plant Distribution1
Authors: George M. F. , Burke M. J. , Pellett H. M. , Johnson A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stems of 49 woody species native to North America were collected from the field in Minnesota in January and subjected to controlled freezing tests. Characterization of the freezing process of xylem tissues by differential thermal analysis revealed that some species had no exotherms at low temperatures, some had small exotherms between –41° and –47°C, and others had large exotherms in the same temperature range. Generally very hardy species with ranges extending into northern Canada and Alaska had no exotherms. Species with small exotherms were native to the northern United States and southern Canada, and large exotherms were generally characteristic of the least hardy species studied. The low temperature exotherms occurred at the same temperature that results in xylem death of most of the plants studied. Plants with low temperature exotherms tend to have ring-porous xylem and the temperature of the low temperature exotherms was correlated with the minimum temperatures of the boundaries of the northern range of the species tested.
Spectral Quality of Light and the Ripening Characteristics of Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Jen Joseph J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) illuminated with red, blue, green, and white lights at the same radiant energy level were compared with controls kept in the dark for texture, color and solids and acid content during the ripening period. Red light was the most effective of the various light sources in softening of the tissue and in lowering the reflectance value in the early stages of ripening. Blue light was most effective in producing the enhancement of red hue in the later stages of ripening. Little effect on solids and acid contents was noticed.
Linkage of Male Sterility, Glabrate Seedling and Determinate Plant Habit in Cucumber1
Authors: Whelan E. D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Repulsion linkage occurred between male sterility, ms-2, and the traits glabrate seedling, glb (.215 ± .029) and determinate, de (.335 ± .042) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Linkage was not evident between ms-2 and non-bitter cotyledon, bi, glabrous, gl, yellow cotyledon, yc-1 or yc-2, or crinkled leaf, cr.
Lettuce Seed Weight and Size in Relation to Germination and Seedling Radicle Growth1
Authors: Sharpies G. C. , Kuehl R. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed weight and size were unrelated to rate of germination and germination percentage at 25°C. In 4 cultivars tested, all seed physical parameters, except density index were highly significant predictors of radicle elongation (weight>thickness>iength = width>density index). However, more than 62% of the growth variation remained unexplained. Seed weight did not influence the uniformity of 7-day-old seedlings.
Removal of Sodium o-phenylphenate and other Phenolic Contaminants from Packinghouse Effluents1
Authors: Ismail M. A. , Wardowski W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Activated charcoal or Polyclar AT removed sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) from laboratory-prepared Solutions and citrus packinghouse effluents. Activated charcoal at 0.25 g/100 ml of 100 ppm SOPP removed 99.6% SOPP, while Polyclar AT at 10 g/100 ml of 100 ppm SOPP removed 95% of the phenolic fungicide. Efficiency of SOPP removal declined when the amount of added Polyclar was reduced below 10% or the concentration of SOPP in treated Solutions exceeded 100 ppm.
‘Fairlane’ Nectarine1
Authors: Weinberger John H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Fairlane’ is a yellow-fleshed, clingstone nectarine, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, released in November 1973. The fruit ripens late in the season, about a week after ‘Flamekist’. It is intended for fresh-market use. Commercial shipments from cooperator trials in California have met with favorable acceptance by the trade.
‘Blue Troll’ Browallia1
Authors: Semeniuk Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are very few small “blue”-flowered ornamental plants adapted to use as bedding or potted plants or for use in hanging baskets. A breeding program was initiated in the Ornamentals Laboratory to develop a clone of Browallia suitable for year-round production in small Containers (10 cm pots) that would have mass-market appeal.
Prediction of ‘Concord’ Grape Maturation and Sources of Error1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Cawthon D. L. , Spayd S. E. , May R. D. , Bryan D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit samples of grape (Vitis labrusca L., cv. Concord) from 6 vineyard locations were collected at 7 to 10-day intervals beginning prior to veraison and continuing through development of 16% soluble solids for a period of 19 years. The 19-year average date for peak bloom in these vineyards was May 19, for 8% soluble solids development was July 27 (69 days from peak bloom), and for 16% soluble solids development was August 23 (96 days from peak bloom). Heat unit summations were more closely related to development of soluble solids than to changes in either titratable acidity or color. Using degree-day accumulations and effective heat unit summations did not prove to be methods superior to use of the number of calendar days for predicting grape maturation. Predictions from 8 to 16% soluble solids development were more accurate than predicting from peak bloom (when 50% of clusters showed bloom). Variations between years and between vineyard locations within a given year prevented accurate predictions from the 3 methods. Other deterrents observed in predicting development of soluble solids included the cultural variables of fruit load and soil moisture.