bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent General Surgical Patient: Evaluation Patterns in the Emergency Department
Authors: Harpole Bethany , Helmer Stephen , Quinn Karson , Chang Howard , Brown Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Emergency general surgery patients represent a growing segment of general surgical admissions and national healthcare burden. A paucity of literature exists evaluating the work-up of these patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED), particularly possible evaluation differentials between emergency physicians and physician assistants or advanced practrice registered nurses (PA/APRNs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in ED work-up of general surgical patients between emergency physicians and PA/APRNs.
Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of patients presenting to the ED with the chief complaint of abdominal pain. Demographic data, evaluating provider, laboratory and imaging tests, diagnostic data, and disposition were obtained.
Results. Patients median age was 53.5 years, with 49% male and 81.6% Caucasian. Emergency physicians saw a majority (61.2%) of patients. Emergency physicians saw older patients (62.0 vs. 45.5 years, p=0.017), and more patients that were anemic (28.3% vs. 14.3%), or with elevated creatinine levels (46.7% vs. 25.7%). There was no significant difference between groups for time in the ED (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 5.7 ± 2.6 hrs, p=0.519), time to surgical consult (3.4 vs. 3.3 hrs, p=0.298), or time to OR (29.5 vs. 12.0 hrs, p=0.075). Patients seen by emergency physicians had a longer length of hospital stay (4.5 vs. 2 days, p=0.002).
Conclusions. Time in the ED and time to surgical consult did not vary between groups although patients first seen by emergency physicians had potentially higher acuity. Decreased hospital length of stay in patients seen by PA/APRNs may reflect disease-specific differences.
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of using enzalutamide for treatment of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Avxentyev N. A. , Derkach E. V. , Makarova Yu. V. 
Published: May 2022

Background. The addition of enzalutamide to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly increases overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) compared with ADT.Objective: to evaluate the incremental cost/effectiveness ratio (ICER) of enzalutamide use in patients with mHSPC and the ICER of enzalutamide as the first-line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) from the Russian healthcare system perspective and to assess the contribution of enzalutamide into the reduction of mortality of mHSPC patients in the Russian Federation on the horizon until 2024.Materials and methods. Standard ADT regimens for mHSPC were used as a comparator as it is the most common treatment for mHSPC in Russia. We proposed a Markov model of mHSPC progression on enzalutamide + ADT (hereinafter enzalutamide) or ADT + 1st generation antiandrogen (hereinafter ADT) based on ENZAMET trial data. Model was used to calculate the average life-years gained (LYG) and costs of mHSPC and post-progression mCRPC treatment. Simulation period was 15 years with one cycle of 1 month. In the “cost–effectiveness” analysis, we calculated enzalutamide ICER compared to ADT. In addition, we calculated ICER for enzalutamide plus ADT vs ADT in the first-line therapy of mCRPC as a benchmark based on PREVAIL trial data. In both cases, the average LYG over a 15-year period was used as an efficacy criteria. To assess the contribution of the enzalutamide into the reduction of mortality rate of mHSPC patients, the potential number of patients who could be treated with enzalutamide on the horizon of 2021–2024 was taken into account.Results. According to the Markov model, the average LYG over a period of 15 years for enzalutamide was 7.59 years compared to 5.12 for ADT. The average enzalutamide therapy costs were 11,193,802 rubles per patient for 15 years, which were 8,597,131 rubles higher than when using ADT (2,596,672 rubles). ICER for enzalutamide (vs ADT) in mHSPC treatment was 3,484,362 rubles per one life-year gained. ICER for enzalutamide in the first line of mCRPC treatment (vs ADT) was 5,899,418 rubles per one life-year gained. The combination therapy with enzalutamide + ADT in Russia can be started annually by 2,410 mHSPC patients. If they all receive enzalutamide a total of 561 averted deaths among prostate cancer patients can be expected in 2021–2024.Conclusion. In the Russian healthcare system, ICER for enzalutamide in mHSPC was 3,484,362 rubles and the ICER for enzalutamide in mCRPC was 5,899,418 rubles. Enzalutamide can make a significant contribution to achieving the target cancer mortality rates by 2024.
MALMI: An Automated Earthquake Detection and Location Workflow Based on Machine Learning and Waveform Migration
Authors: Shi Peidong , Grigoli Francesco , Lanza Federica , Beroza Gregory C. , Scarabello Luca , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Robust automatic event detection and location is central to real-time earthquake monitoring. With the increase of computing power and data availability, automated workflows that utilize machine learning (ML) techniques have become increasingly popular; however, ML-based classical workflows still face challenges when applied to the analysis of microseismic data. These seismic sequences are often characterized by short interevent times and/or low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Full waveform methods that do not rely on phase picking and association are suitable for processing such datasets, but are computationally costly and lack clear event identification criteria, which is not ideal for real-time processing. To leverage the advantages of both the methods, we propose a new workflow—MAchine Learning aided earthquake MIgration location (MALMI), which integrates ML and waveform migration to perform automated event detection and location. The new workflow uses a pretrained ML model to generate continuous phase probabilities that are then backprojected and stacked to locate seismic sources using migration. We applied the workflow to one month of continuous data collected in the Hengill geothermal area of Iceland to monitor induced earthquakes around two geothermal production sites. With a ML model (EQ-Transformer) pretrained using a global distribution of earthquakes, the proposed workflow automatically detects and locates 250 additional seismic events (accounting for 36% events in the obtained catalog) compared to a reference catalog generated using the SeisComP software. Most of the new events are microseismic events with a magnitude less than 0. Visual inspection of the waveforms of the newly detected events indicates that they are real seismic events of low SNR and are only reliably recorded by very few stations in the array. Further comparison with the conventional migration method based on short-term average over long-term average confirms that MALMI can produce much clearer stacked images with higher resolution and reliability, especially for events with low SNR. The workflow is freely available on GitHub, providing an automated tool for simultaneous event detection and location from continuous seismic data.
A Comfort or a Threat? How Older Italians View Home Eldercare Assistants
Authors: Barrett Anne E. , Vecchione Katia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing life expectancy has led, in many countries, to new arrangements to meet the growing need for care in later life. In Italy, with the second oldest population in the world, family members, especially women, provide the majority of care. Paid care workers, however, are increasingly filling in where families cannot. Known as “home eldercare assistants” or badanti, most are middle‐aged women from Eastern Europe, South America, or the Philippines. Research on this phenomenon is limited by its almost exclusive focus on care workers rather than older adults who receive their care —or may do so in the future. Our study addresses this issue using interviews with 28 older adults living in northern Italy. Participants with friends or family members who had received support from these care workers often held positive views. Most, however, also expressed negative views that resonated with cultural discourses about aging, as well as immigration. These views reflected the high value placed on independence, along with the centrality of the home as a site for decision‐making and identity maintenance. Negative views also were shaped by dominant discourses that construct immigrants as threats to security, particularly regarding one's belongings. Another discourse that influenced views of home eldercare assistants centered on the construction of aging as a biomedical phenomenon that is better addressed by medical professionals in health care settings, including nursing homes. Such views influence older adults' willingness to receive help from care workers and its effectiveness—knowledge of which can improve care.
Anchored Yet Displaced: Affordable Housing and Aging in a Gentrifying Place
Authors: Sweeney Brian N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn an era of urban gentrification and rising economic inequality, how can policies better address the needs of older city residents who wish to age in place? Drawing on qualitative data from in‐depth interviews and participant observation, as well as US census data from 2010 to 2020, this study explores the perceptions and experiences of older adult residents of two affordable housing complexes in the Manhattan borough of New York City. These residents have aged in place while their surrounding community has grown wealthier and, in some respects, younger. While benefiting from housing security and numerous on‐site services targeting the aged‐in population, the residents nonetheless experience feelings of alienation and estrangement as their surrounding community undergoes physical, social, and cultural changes. This paper theorizes aging in place as an ongoing process of social integration and meaning making to explore issues of identity, housing, and community and to consider how policy can better address the needs of older adults aging within rapidly gentrifying urban contexts.
Sindemia de la “COVID-19” en el mundo
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A. 
Published: May 2022

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la evolución, captada en tiempo real, de la crisis de la “COVID-19” en los cinco continentes del mundo, mediante el uso de la bibliografía existente, considerando los casos confirmados, muertes y letalidad por el virus del “SARS-CoV-2”. Además, se determina el avance en la vacunación contra la enfermedad, además de abordar la influencia de las estaciones climáticas en la evolución de la crisis sanitaria en América Latina y Europa; esto último, como hipótesis de estudio para futuras investigaciones de esta sindemia, en donde se evidencia la sinergia entre el agente infeccioso, las enfermedades crónicas de los afectados en medio de inequidades sociales. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el 03/12/2021, indican que el continente más impactado es el Americano, mientras que el continente más abandonado en la vacunación contra la “COVID-19” es África.
Populist Constitutionalism in Brazil and Peru: Historical and Contextual Issues
Authors: Mesquita Ceia Eleonora 
Published: May 2022

Given populism's common practice in South America, the region provides a crucial case to identify populism as a prevalent strategy by different ideologies. The link between populism and constitutionalism is paramount because populist governments typically use constituent power and constitutional identity to reach political goals. This study aimed to provide a comparative constitutional analysis of the recent development of populism in Brazil and Peru. The first was the rhetoric and practices of Jair Bolsonaro's government in Brazil, whereas the second was Pedro Castillo's government in Peru regarding constitutional reforms and human rights issues. This comparison justified that Brazil and Peru are presidential republics where harsh political polarization shakes their societies. Bolsonaro and Castillo have anti-corruption discourses and support a new constituent process but present antagonistic economic views. This study was comparative in nature that used a qualitative approach, sourced from bibliographic and documentary research that included specialized literature on South American populism and constitutionalism and the government's plans and legislation. This study showed that both governments have difficulties executing their respective agendas on customs and constituent referendums due to governability problems and important features of the constitutional design, such as eternity clauses, judicial review, and constitutional rigidity. It concluded that the populist strategies of Bolsonaro and Castillo are different. Bolsonarism is antiliberal and promotes human rights regression, whereas Castillo's populism is conservative but democratic. In common, both face the coalitional presidentialism and constitutional protection mechanisms as constraints to putting their political goals entirely into practice.
KEYWORDS: Authoritarianism, Constitutionalism, Fundamental Rights, Populism.
Recognition of Forest Carbon Rights in Indonesia: A Constitutional Approach
Authors: Cetera Kenny 
Published: May 2022

As a forest-rich nation, Indonesia has actively participated in carbon market governance like the REDD+ program. With the rapid expansion of REDD+ to address the effects of climate change, questions surrounding carbon rights have surfaced. This study aims to analyze the regulatory development of carbon rights in Indonesia and its impact on the community rights over forest resources by elaborating on the ideal carbon rights governance under a constitutional perspective. The study uses the normative method, which includes pertinent rules and supporting statements from climate change specialists. This study shows that carbon rights are defined broadly as the right to participate in forest carbon trading, although they require a government permit. There is no clear explanation of the relationship between land tenure and carbon ownership under the existing legislation, despite four permits to acquire carbon benefits: environmental service, social forestry, ecosystem restoration, and forest carbon administration permit. While the state can claim state control rights on certain commodities like carbon under Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution, it also has to manage the distribution of carbon incentives based on the public interest. By facilitating the transfer of carbon rights under a carbon trading scheme while highlighting the government's role in sharing the benefits of carbon via a result-based payment scheme, Presidential Regulation 98/2021 contributes to more explicit control of carbon rights. All concerns related to carbon rights governance in Indonesia include complicated administrative and technical requirements for applying for a license, insecure land tenure due to overlapping claims, and unlawful encroachment in forest regions. Since land tenure issues remain unresolved, recognizing carbon rights as an alternative to recognizing marginal and community rights to forest resources could be viable.
KEYWORDS: Environmental Regulation, Forest Carbon Rights, REDD+.
Fostering Students' Independent Learning in Introduction to Learning Media Courses through the Use of Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Pradana Hirnanda Dimas , Kristanto Andi 
Published: May 2022

<em>The current era is entering a fast-paced and uncertain period. In that era, it has a significant impact on learning. One of the impacts is online learning. However, online learning raises various kinds of problems in its implementation. Student learning independence is one of the problems that arise and must be resolved immediately. If student learning independence cannot be appropriately handled, learning outcomes will also be affected. From the observations, independent learning in students also causes low learning outcomes obtained. Thus, interactive multimedia is here to solve the problem of independent learning in students. Interactive multimedia can help students to learn independently. Interactive multimedia does not only act as a passive means of knowledge but also can be a solution for students to understand introductory learning media courses. The development model used was the Lee &amp; Owens model. The research design in this study was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The results of this study were valid and effective interactive multimedia products and increased student independence. The implication of improving student learning independence ultimately impacts increasing student learning outcomes. </em>
GYY4137 ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome activity and reduction of oxidative stress in the myocardium
Authors: Zhou Tao , Qian Huitao , Zheng Nan , Lu Qiulun , Han Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy often leads to bad prognosis of patients, and even death. However, there is no effective therapeutic strategies for sepsis-caused cardiomyopathy. GYY4137 has positive therapeutic effects in many diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and investigate the protective role of the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor GYY4137 in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.METHODS: Recruitment of patients with clinical sepsis and measurement of serum H2S concentrations. GYY4137 was administrated in mouse model of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) was generated by LPS and cecum ligation and puncture (CLP), and then plasma levels of hydrogen sulfide and cytokines were measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RNA sequencing assay was performed to monitor the RNA expression profile. Cardiomyocytes medium was co-cultured with Macrophage, and the protective mechanism of GYY4137 was confirmed by WB, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments. Establishment of SICM model using Nlrp3-/- mice to validate the role of GYY4137.RESULTS: Compared to non-septic patients, septic patients had lower serum hydrogen sulfide concentrations and a negative correlation between hydrogen sulfide concentrations and NT-pro BNP. H2S levels were reduced in the serum of sepsis-molded mice, GYY4137 reduced macrophage infiltration in the sepsis model. GYY4137 reduces inflammatory cell infiltration in septic myocardial tissue. GO analysis suggested that GYY4137 involved in inflammatory regulation. GYY4137 can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages and reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors, while GYY4137 can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species in cardiomyocytes, thus exerting a protective effect on the myocardium. The protective effect of GYY4137 was disappeared after Nlrp3 knockout. CONCLUSION: GYY4137 can reduce myocardial injury in sepsis by inhibiting the inflammatory response and reducing the production of myocardial reactive oxygen species via NLRP3 pathway. It can provide new therapeutic ideas for clinical practice.
Functional traits of medicinal plant species under different ecological conditions
Authors: Kriššáková Zuzana , Čierniková Malvína , Vykouková Ivana , Hrabovský Andrej , Masarovičová Elena , Beracko Pavel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traits and attributes of plants in plant communities are the outcome of adaptation of species to the environment and acclimation to environmental conditions changing in space and time. This is especially true for medicinal plants, which can affect the surrounding plants with their properties. Identification of plant functional groups in plant community can provide a better understanding and functional comparison of several communities than the classical approach based on taxonomy. To compare the effect of different ecological conditions (one control and three experimental sites in Bratislava, Slovakia) on the plasticity of medicinal plant species, and on the plant functional groups based on the selected leaf functional traits – SLA (specific leaf area) and LDMC (leaf dry matter content). In assessment were tested thirteen medicinal plant species – Aegopodium podagraria L., Fragaria vesca L., Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., Geum urbanum L., Glechoma hederacea L., Hedera helix L., Hypericum perforatum L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Plantago lanceolata L., Prunella vulgaris L., Solidago gigantea Aiton, Tussilago farfara L. and Urtica dioica L. For the formation of plant functional groups according to different leaf characteristics, the metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination diagram was applied. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) had a more significant effect on studied leaf traits than content of soil organic matter (SOC) (their coefficients of determination had values 0.55 and 0.11). Studied species were also characterized according to plant strategies. Urtica dioica and Geum urbanum possessed the greatest plasticity of all studied species.
Evaluation of the relationship between hyperemesis gravidarum with Platelet crit, hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio and Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
Authors: UÇKAN Kazım , Başkıran Yusuf , ÇELEĞEN Assistant Professor İzzet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:This study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) disease and subclinical inflammatory factors such as Platelet crit (PCT), Hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio (HRR), Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which are known to be closely associated with inflammation in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.Material method: This retrospective case control study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021. A total of 215 pregnant women, 102 with hyperemesis gravidarum and 113 healthy pregnant women, were included in the study. HEG patients were divided into three groups according to the modified PUQE classification as mild (n = 38), moderate (n = 32), and severe (n = 32).Results: PCT, HRR, and, NLR values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the HEG group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PCT, HRR, and, NLR values increase from mild to severe in HEG patients (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between HEG and PCT (rho = 0.70, p < 0.001), HRR (rho = 0.28, p < 0.04), NLR (rho = 0.60, p < 0.001) values. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a one-unit increase in PCT, HRR, and NLR resulted in a 2.14, 1.41, and 2.36-fold increase in HEG risk, respectively.Conclusion: PCT, HRR and NLR are inflammatory markers that increase in patients with HEG and have predictive value for the development of HEG. In our study, we suggested the use of a new prognostic marker for patients with HEG. We think that our study will be a source for future studies on HEG.