bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised trial of the effects on recruitment and retention of including a wet-ink signature and photograph in the patient invitation letter for a clinical trial: results from a Study Within a Trial (SWAT 3 and SWAT 53)
Authors: Anand Rohan , Bradley Judy , O'Neill Brenda , McAuley Danny F. , Clarke Mike 
Published: February 2022

Background: There is uncertainty about the effects of modifications to trial patient invitation letters on recruitment and retention. However, such documents are important. Methods: A 2x2 factorial design embedded a pair of randomised Studies Within a Trial (SWAT) within a large host trial (CLEAR), to evaluate the effects of including wet-ink signatures and photographs in the patient invitation letter. Patients were randomised to receive one of four invitation letters: with a wet-ink or generic signature, and with or without a photograph. The primary outcome was the proportion of invited patients who joined the CLEAR trial. The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients retained in the trial. Results: 368 letters were given to potential participants in the CLEAR trial and 121 (33%) joined. Proportions for each randomised group were generic signature and no photograph: 38% (33/88); generic signature and photograph: 32% (28/88); wet-ink personal signature and no photograph: 29% (26/91); wet-ink personal signature and photograph: 34% (34/101). There was no evidence of a significant difference in recruitment between those receiving the patient invitation letter containing a wet-ink versus generic signature (odds ratio (OR): 0.86, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.55 to 1.32, p=0.49) or photograph versus no photograph (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.53, p=0.97). Retention was similar for the wet-ink and generic signature groups (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.35 to 4.16, p=0.77) but significantly better when a photograph was used (OR: 5.40, 95% CI: 1.12 to 26.15, p=0.04, based on 2 withdrawals in the photograph group versus 9 in the no photograph group). Conclusions: These SWAT add to the evidence base for the effects of modifications to clinical trial documentation on recruitment and retention. We found including a photograph may improve retention. Although these analyses are underpowered, they will contribute to meta-analysis of similar comparisons. ISRCTN registration: 89040295 (06/07/2018)
Palliative decomprression in malignant obstructive jaundice: focus on the liver function
Authors: Khilko Yu. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim: to investigate the impact of endoscopic and laparoscopic palliative decompression of the common bile duct on the liver function of patients with obstructive jaundice caused by tumor growth.
Materials and Methods. 48 patients were involved in the study with diagnosed incurable tumors and severe mechanical jaundice in the period from 2011 to 2017 years. Palliative decompression of the common bile duct was performed for all of them: endoscopic methods in 30 patients and laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy – in 18 patients. Every subgroup was randomized by age, sex, duration of jaundice, and major biochemical parameters determined before surgery. Patients were monitored following next 6 months after decompression. Before surgery, 1, 7 and 14 days, as well as 3 and 6 months after decompression liver function markers were checked: prothrombin time, INR index, serum total protein and albumin with routine methods.
Results. Laparoscopic decompression of the common bile duct by hepaticojejunostomy leads to faster recovery of liver function (manifested by a steady decrease in prothrombin time, INR index and an increase in serum total protein and albumin in next 3-6 months) compared to endoscopic methods.
After endoscopic decompression in this period, the prothrombin time and INR index are significantly higher, the content of total protein and albumin in the serum is lower in comparison to laparoscopic decompression. The indicators of hepatodepressive syndrome significantly deteriorate, 3-6 months after the procedure of endoscopic decompression, which is associated with the development of complications in 30.0% of patients.
Conclusions. Laparoscopic decompression of the common bile duct by forming a hepaticojejunoanastomosis is accompanied by faster restoring of liver function markers compared to endoscopic methods in patients with inoperable periampullary tumors.
Risk-Averse Stochastic Programming vs. Adaptive Robust Optimization: A Virtual Power Plant Application
Authors: Lima Ricardo M. , Conejo Antonio J. , Giraldi Loïc , Le Maître Olivier , Hoteit Ibrahim , Knio Omar M. 
Published: February 2022

This paper compares risk-averse optimization methods to address the self-scheduling and market involvement of a virtual power plant (VPP). The decision-making problem of the VPP involves uncertainty in the wind speed and electricity price forecast. We focus on two methods: risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming (SP) and two-stage adaptive robust optimization (ARO). We investigate both methods concerning formulations, uncertainty and risk, decomposition algorithms, and their computational performance. To quantify the risk in SP, we use the conditional value at risk (CVaR) because it can resemble a worst-case measure, which naturally links to ARO. We use two efficient implementations of the decomposition algorithms for SP and ARO; we assess (1) the operational results regarding first-stage decision variables, estimate of expected profit, and estimate of the CVaR of the profit and (2) their performance taking into consideration different sample sizes and risk management parameters. The results show that similar first-stage solutions are obtained depending on the risk parameterizations used in each formulation. Computationally, we identified three cases: (1) SP with a sample of 500 elements is competitive with ARO; (2) SP performance degrades comparing to the first case and ARO fails to converge in four out of five risk parameters; (3) SP fails to converge, whereas ARO converges in three out of five risk parameters. Overall, these performance cases depend on the combined effect of deterministic and uncertain data and risk parameters. Summary of Contribution: The work presented in this manuscript is at the intersection of operations research and computer science, which are intrinsically related with the scope and mission of IJOC. From the operations research perspective, two methodologies for optimization under uncertainty are studied: risk-averse stochastic programming and adaptive robust optimization. These methodologies are illustrated using an energy scheduling problem. The study includes a comparison from the point of view of uncertainty modeling, formulations, decomposition methods, and analysis of solutions. From the computer science perspective, a careful implementation of decomposition methods using parallelization techniques and a sample average approximation methodology was done . A detailed comparison of the computational performance of both methods is performed. Finally, the conclusions allow establishing links between two alternative methodologies in operations research: stochastic programming and robust optimization.
Generation of broadband parabolic pulses based on a pre-chirper free, core-pumped nonlinear fiber amplifier for coherent anti-Stokes Raman imaging
Authors: Yang Kangwen , Wu Jiamei , Ao JianPeng , Hao Qiang , Yan Ming , Huang Kun , Ji Minbiao , Zeng Heping 
Published: February 2022

We report the generation of parabolic pulses with broadband spectrum from a core-pumped Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a dispersion managed fiber oscillator. The net cavity dispersion of Yb-doped oscillator was continuously changed from 0.074 to -0.170 ps2, which enabled us to achieve dissipative soliton, stretched pulse and soliton mode-locking operations. Spectral evolution processes in the core-pumped nonlinear fiber amplifier seeded by various input solitons were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Our finding indicates that cavity dispersion of oscillator can be used to engineer the input pulse parameter for amplifier, thus forming a pre-chirper free fiber amplification structure. In the experiment, we obtained 410-mW parabolic pulses with spectral bandwidth up to 56 nm. In combination with a passively synchronized frequency-doubled Er-doped fiber laser, we have demonstrated coherent anti-Stokes Raman imaging. The compact dual-color fiber laser source may facilitate practical applications of nonlinear biomedical imaging beyond the laboratory environment.
One Day in Denmark: Nationwide point-prevalence survey of human bacterial isolates and comparison of classical and whole-genome sequence-based species identification methods
Authors: Rebelo Ana Rita , Ibfelt Tobias , Bortolaia Valeria , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Hansen Dennis Schrøder , Nielsen Hans Linde , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Kemp Michael , Røder Bent Løwe , Frimodt-Møller Niels , Søndergaard Turid Snekloth , Coia John Eugenio , Østergaard Claus , Pedersen Michael , Westh Henrik , Aarestrup Frank Møller 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
Implementing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies in clinical microbiology laboratories can increase the amount and quality of information available for healthcare practitioners. In this study, we analysed the applicability of this method and determined the distribution of bacterial species processed in clinical settings in Denmark.

Methods
We performed a point-prevalence study of all bacterial isolates (n = 2,009) processed and reported in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in Denmark in one day in January 2018. We compared species identification as performed by classical methods (MALDI-TOF) and by bioinformatics analysis (KmerFinder and rMLST) of WGS (Illumina NextSeq) data. We compared the national point-prevalence of bacterial isolates observed in clinical settings with the research attention given to those same genera in scientific literature.

Results
The most prevalent bacterium was Escherichia coli isolated from urine (n = 646), followed by Staphylococcus spp. from skin or soft tissues (n = 197). The distribution of bacterial species throughout the country was not homogeneous. We observed concordance of species identification for all methods in 95.7% (n = 1,919) of isolates, furthermore obtaining concordance for 99.7% (n = 1,999) at genus level. The number of scientific publications in the country did not correlate with the number of bacterial isolates of each genera analysed in this study.

Conclusions
WGS technologies have the potential to be applied in clinical settings for routine diagnostics purposes. This study also showed that bioinformatics databases should be continuously improved and results from local point-prevalence surveys should not be applied at national levels without previously determining possible regional variations.
Effect of trimetazidine on the functional capacity of ischemic heart disease patients not suitable for revascularization: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ajabnoor Alyaa , Mukhtar Amnah 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of adding trimetazidine to other anti-anginal drugs on the functional capacity of ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients not suitable for revascularization when compared to first-line antianginal drugs alone.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for English-language peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing trimetazidine with first-line antianginal drugs alone or with placebo in IHD patients not suitable for revascularization and were included in this review. Quality of studies were assessed using the Cochrane collaboration “risk of bias” tool.ResultsSix RCTs, three were crossover studies. A total of 312 participants were included in this review. Overall quality of studies was moderate. Two studies found improvement in the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) [standardized mean differences (SMD) 1.75; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.14; p <0.001], and two trials found improvement in the Canadian cardiovascular society (CCS) grading of angina class (SMD -1.37; 95% CI -1.89 to -0.84) in the trimetazidine group. Three of the better-quality trials found no increase in total exercise duration (TED) (SMD 0.34; 95% CI -0.10 to 0.78; p < 0.13). Significant heterogeneity was identified among trials describing outcomes for the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF %).ConclusionTrimetazidine improve walking time and angina severity in IHD patients not suitable for revascularization. Due to the inconsistency of available evidence, RCTs targeting IHD patients with “no option” to undergo coronary revascularization is required to clarify this review question.
Spectral, Tensor and Domain Decomposition Methods for Fractional PDEs
Authors: Shi Tianyi , Antil Harbir , Kouri Drew P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fractional PDEs have recently found several geophysics and imaging science applications due to their nonlocal nature and their flexibility in capturing sharp transitions across interfaces.
However, this nonlocality makes it challenging to design efficient solvers for such problems.
In this paper, we introduce a spectral method based on an ultraspherical polynomial discretization of the Caffarelli–Silvestre extension to solve such PDEs on rectangular and disk domains.
We solve the discretized problem using tensor equation solvers and thus can solve higher-dimensional PDEs.
In addition, we introduce both serial and parallel domain decomposition solvers.
We demonstrate the numerical performance of our methods on a 3D fractional elliptic PDE on a cube as well as an application to optimization problems with fractional PDE constraints.
Finite Element Penalty Method for the Oldroyd Model of Order One with Non-smooth Initial Data
Authors: Bir Bikram , Goswami Deepjyoti , Pani Amiya K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a penalty formulation is proposed and analyzed in both continuous and finite element setups, for the two-dimensional Oldroyd model of order one, when the initial velocity is in

𝐇
0
1

{\mathbf{H}_{0}^{1}}

.
New regularity results which are valid uniformly in time as

t
→
∞

{t\to\infty}

and in the penalty parameter ε as

ε
→
0

{\varepsilon\to 0}

are derived for the solution of the penalized problem.
Then, based on conforming finite elements to discretize the spatial variables and keeping temporal variable continuous, a semidiscrete problem is discussed and a uniform-in-time a priori bound of the discrete velocity in Dirichlet norm is derived with the help of a penalized discrete Stokes operator and a modified uniform Gronwall’s lemma.
Further, optimal error estimates for the penalized velocity in

𝐋
2

{\mathbf{L}^{2}}

as well in

𝐇
1

{\mathbf{H}^{1}}

-norms and for the penalized pressure in

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm have been established for the semidiscrete problem with non-smooth data.
These error estimates hold uniformly in time under uniqueness assumption and also in the penalty parameter as it goes to zero.
Our analysis relies on the suitable use of the inverse of the penalized Stokes operator, penalized Stokes–Volterra projection and judicious application of weighted time estimates with positivity property of the memory term.
Finally, several numerical experiments are conducted on benchmark problems which confirm our theoretical findings.
High-temperature creep behavior and hot-pressing consolidation of NiAl
Authors: Chen Hao , Hu Weiping , Zhong Yunlong , Gottstein Günter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe steady-state creep behavior of NiAl was studied by constant strain-rate tests in the strain-rate regime 1.5 × 10−4≤ ɛ̇ ≤ 1.0 × 10−2s−1.Primary creep of NiAl was investigated at different stresses (10 MPa−40 MPa) in the temperature range from 1200 to 1400°C. The steady-state creep rate was fitted to a temperature-compensated power-law expression ɛ̇ =B(σ/μ)nexp(−Q/RT), from which a stress exponent n≈3.5 and an activation energy Q ≈ 398 kJ/mol were derived, respectively. The obtained activation parameters indicate that dislocation creep dominates the creep behavior of NiAl at temperatures above 1200°C up to 1400°C. The transient creep behavior at 40 MPa could be fitted to a power-law equationε=ε0+btmwithbα σ3:5and 0.52<m<0.68. The creep data of NiAl obtained in this study were utilized for modeling and simulation of the consolidation process of NiAl composites during hot pressing by finite-element analysis.
Thermo-mechanical analysis of cast/mould interaction in casting processes
Authors: Laschet Gottfried , Jakumeit Jürgen , Benke Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The numerical analysis of the thermo-mechanical interaction between the cast part and mould in casting processes requires a strong coupling between the thermal and mechanical simulation. This includes a 3-D frictionless contact algorithm and a model to describe the local heat transfer between part and mould as a function of the contact pressure or the formation of a local gap between both domains. Several features suitable for the analysis of solidification processes have been introduced in the classical master/slave contact algorithm like a temperature-dependent penalty factor and implemented in the software package CASTS. Benchmark tests and two industrial casting applications illustrate the correctness of the developed thermo-mechanical program and the ability to simulate complex cast parts.
Fabrication and application of co-continuous Al2O3/Al composite by reactive infiltration of molten Al into the preform of SiO2 with cordierite addition
Authors: Li J. Q. , Xie S. H. , Zhuang Y. H. , Zeng X. R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interpenetration Al2O3/Al(Si) composites were fabricated by reactive infiltration of molten Al into the preforms with SiO2–4.6 mol.% cordierite at 1150 °C in air. The formation kinetics and microstructures of the composites were investigated. Experimental results show that the addition of cordierite in SiO2 is favorable for wetting of molten Al on the preform, leading to high growth rate of the composite (8.76 mm min –1). The growth rate of the composite was controlled by the infiltration of molten Al into the preform through the open pores and cracks formed during the preform fabrication or through microcracks created during the infiltration process. Since the addition of cordierite in SiO2 can lower the preform sintering temperature, one of its applications is used for ceramic – ceramic or ceramic – metal joints. A strong Al2O3–Al2O3 joint with a shear strength of 109 MPa was fabricated and investigated using the Al2O3/Al(Si) interlayer formed by this method.
Microstructure and age-hardening effects of aluminium alloys with additions of scandium and zirconium
Authors: Galun Rolf , Mordike Barry Leslie , Maiwald Thorsten , Smola Bohumil , Mergen Robert , Manner Markus , Uitz Walter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the work presented in this report was to produce age-hardenable aluminium alloys containing scandium and zirconium by a casting process with similar cooling conditions like an industrial casting process. Microstructure, precipitation structure and age-hardening response of different alloys with up to 0.4 wt.% Sc and Zr were investigated. Age-hardening experiments from the as-cast condition without solution annealing showed a significant increase of hardness of about 100% for Sc-rich alloys and of 50% for Zr-rich alloys compared to the as-cast condition. TEM investigations revealed the formation of precipitates of ternary Al3(Sc
x
Zr1–x) phases with a cubic cP4 crystal structure. In addition to the strengthening effect, a high thermal stability especially of the precipitates in Zr-rich alloys up to 400 °C let these alloys look very promising for high-temperature applications.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a comprehensive overview
Authors: Vaz de Castro Pedro Alves Soares , Bitencourt Letícia , de Oliveira Campos Juliana Lacerda , Fischer Bruna Luisa , Soares de Brito Stephanie Bruna Camilo , Soares Beatriz Santana , Drummond Juliana Beaudette , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine that results in polyuria and polydipsia, despite having normal or elevated plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In this study, we review the clinical aspects and diagnosis of NDI, the various etiologies, current treatment options and potential future developments. NDI has different clinical manifestations and approaches according to the etiology. Hereditary forms of NDI are mainly caused by mutations in the genes that encode key proteins in the AVP signaling pathway, while acquired causes are normally associated with specific drug exposure, especially lithium, and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Clinical manifestations of the disease vary according to the degree of dehydration and hyperosmolality, being worse when renal water losses cannot be properly compensated by fluid intake. Regarding the diagnosis of NDI, it is important to consider the symptoms of the patient and the diagnostic tests, including the water deprivation test and the baseline plasma copeptin measurement, a stable surrogate biomarker of AVP release. Without proper treatment, patients may developcomplications leading to high morbidity and mortality, such as severe dehydration and hypernatremia. In that sense, the treatment of NDI consists in decreasing the urine output, while allowing appropriate fluid balance, normonatremia, and ensuring an acceptable quality of life. Therefore, therapeutic options include nonpharmacological interventions, including sufficient water intake and a low-sodium diet, and pharmacological treatment. The main medications used for NDI are thiazide diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and amiloride, used isolated or in combination.
Numerical simulation of the effect of rod bowing on critical heat flux
Authors: Ren Bing , Xu Shiyin , Gan Fujun , Yang Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper demonstrates the CFD capability to predict the effect of rod bowing on CHF. The applicability and performance of the models are validated based on the Weatherhead experimental data for vertical pipe and NUPEC PWR subchannel and bundle test (PSBT) International Benchmark for rod bundle. The capability of the existing CFD method in predicting CHF is studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the validated method, the effect of the bowed rod on CHF is evaluated. The bow is assumed to occur at the midspan between two spacer grids in the region where DNB is predicted to occur. The results indicate that rod bowing has a deleterious effect on CHF, but this adverse bowing effect is dependent on the closure (i.e., the ratio of the change of the fuel rod gap to the nominal gap). There is no effect on CHF for closure between 0 and 50%, but adverse effect on CHF for closure larger than 50%, even more considerable effect as the closure increases to larger than 85%. The findings can be used to assist in designing the test fuel rod before the rod bowing CHF experiment.