bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Formation of British Attitudes towards the Common Market: 1957–72
Authors: Kenny John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper uses an extensive collection of historical surveys that have only recently been made available to researchers to examine the formation of British attitudes towards the then European Economic Community. It demonstrates that – up until 1967 – the demographic predictors of support for UK membership were unstable. Thereafter, coinciding with the second UK application, these attitudes started to stabilise and harden, with support becoming highest among men, the youngest age cohorts, the middle class and those with greater education. The renewed politicization of the issue in 1967 also coincided with Labour voters becoming significantly more likely to support membership. Following the change in the parties' positions, Labour voters subsequently become substantially less supportive than Conversative voters. The paper thus supports existing analyses on the role of elite cues, while providing new, robust evidence of the change in demographic associations over this formative period.
High‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation inhibits bone resorption in mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis
Authors: Ohsugi Yujin , Hatasa Masahiro , Katagiri Sayaka , Hirota Tomomitsu , Shimohira Tsuyoshi , Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Fukuba Shunsuke , Lin Peiya , Toyoshima Keita , Maekawa Shogo , Niimi Hiromi , Iwata Takanori , Aoki Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the suppressive effect of high‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation on bone resorption and its biological effects on gene expression and microbiome composition on the gingival tissue in ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice.Materials and MethodsLigating ligature around the teeth and/or laser irradiation was performed on the gingival tissue in mice as follows: Co (no ligature and no laser irradiation), Li (ligation without laser irradiation), La (no ligature but with laser irradiation), and LiLa (ligation with laser irradiation). Bone resorption was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography. RNA‐seq analysis was performed on gingival tissues of all four groups at 3 days after ligation. The differences in microbial composition between Li and LiLa were evaluated based on the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences.ResultsBone resorption caused by ligation was significantly suppressed by laser irradiation. RNA‐seq in Co and La gingival tissue revealed many differentially expressed genes, suggesting diode laser irradiation altered gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed mTORC1 signalling and E2F target gene sets were enriched in gingival tissues both in La and LiLa compared with that in Co and Li, respectively. The amount of extracted DNA from ligatures was reduced by laser irradiation, and bacterial network structure was altered between the Li and LiLa.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation showed biological effects and suppressed bone resorption in ligature‐induced periodontitis.
Toll‐like receptor‐1, ‐2, and ‐6 genotypes in relation to salivary human beta‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and human neutrophilic peptide‐1
Authors: Gürsoy Mervi , Könönen Eija , He Qiushui , Liukkonen Anna , Huumonen Sisko , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo examine whether functional gene polymorphisms of toll‐like receptor (TLR)1, TLR2, and TLR6 are related to the salivary concentrations of human beta‐defensins (hBDs)‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and human neutrophilic peptide (HNP)‐1.Materials and MethodsPolymorphisms of TLR1 (rs5743618), TLR2 (rs5743708), and TLR6 (rs5743810) were genotyped by PCR‐based pyrosequencing from the salivary samples of 230 adults. Salivary hBD‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and HNP‐1 concentrations were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. General and periodontal health examinations, including panoramic radiography, were available for all participants.ResultsThe genotype frequencies for wild types and variant types were as follows: 66.5% and 33.5% for TLR1, 95.5% and 4.5% for TLR2, and 25.1% and 74.9% for TLR6, respectively. The TLR2 heterozygote variant group exhibited higher salivary hBD‐2 concentrations than the TLR2 wild‐type group (p = .038). On the contrary, elevated hBD‐2 concentrations were detected in the TLR6 wild‐type group compared with the TLR6 heterozygote and homozygote variant group (p = .028). The associations between TLR6 genotypes and salivary hBD‐2 concentrations remained significant after adjusting them for periodontal status, age, and smoking.ConclusionhBD‐2 concentrations in saliva are related to TLR2 and TLR6 polymorphisms, but only the TLR6 genotype seems to exhibit an independent association with the salivary hBD‐2 concentrations.
Critical roles for CCR2 and the therapeutic potential of cenicriviroc in periodontitis: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Xu Tao , Yuan Shasha , Wei Yiping , Song Zhanming , Li Qingqing , She Shaoping , Wang Xuekang , Wang Cui , Yang Gang , Cao Jie , Sun Fei , Shi Meng , Li Siqi , Liu Zhongtian , Mo Yaqian , Lv Ping , Zhang Yu , Wang Ying , Hu Wenjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimCCR2 plays important roles in many inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases, but its specific role in periodontitis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of CCR2 in the progression of periodontitis and evaluate the effect of cenicriviroc (CVC) on periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThe expression of CCR2 was studied in patients with periodontitis and in ligation‐induced murine model of periodontitis. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in periodontitis was evaluated in Ccr2−/− mice and wild‐type mice. The effect of CVC in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was evaluated by systemic and local medication. Microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were used for histomorphology, molecular biology, and cytology analysis, respectively.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that CCR2 was highly expressed in human and murine periodontitis and that CCR2 deficiency was associated with decreased inflammatory monocyte and macrophage infiltration and inflammatory mediators, osteoclast number and alveolar bone resorption. Prevention and treatment with CVC significantly reduced the severity of periodontitis, regardless of whether it was administered systemically or locally.ConclusionsCCR2 plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis, and CVC is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Nurses' attitudes towards family importance in nursing care across Europe
Authors: Shamali Mahdi , Esandi Larramendi Nuria , Østergaard Birte , Barbieri‐Figueiredo Maria , Brødsgaard Anne , Canga‐Armayor Ana , Dieperink Karin Brochstedt , Garcia‐Vivar Cristina , Konradsen Hanne , Nordtug Bente , Lambert Veronica , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Metzing Sabine , Nagl‐Cupal Martin , Imhof Lorenz , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Swallow Veronica , Luttik Marie Louise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo explore differences in nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care and factors associated with nurses' attitudes across 11 European countries.BackgroundFamily involvement in healthcare has received attention in many European healthcare systems. Nurses have a unique opportunity to promote family involvement in healthcare; however, their attitudes and beliefs may facilitate or impede this practice.DesignA cross‐sectional survey across European countries.MethodA broad convenience sample of 8112 nurses across 11 European countries was recruited from October 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes (FINC‐NA) questionnaire. We used the STROBE checklist to report the results.ResultsThere were significant differences in nurses' attitudes about families' importance in nursing care across Europe. Country was the factor with the strongest association with the total scores of the FINC‐NA. Older age, higher level of education, increased years since graduation, having a strategy for the care of families in the workplace, and having experience of illness within one's own family were associated with a higher total FINC‐NA score. Being male and working in a hospital or other clinical settings were associated with a lower total FINC‐NA score.ConclusionNurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care vary across 11 European countries. This study highlights multiple factors associated with nurses' attitudes. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for nurses' different attitudes and to develop a strong theoretical framework across Europe to support family involvement in patient care. The inclusion of family healthcare programs in the baccalaureate curriculum may improve nurses' attitudes.Relevance for clinical practiceIn clinical practice, the focus should be on identifying influencing factors on nurses' attitudes to enhance families' importance in nursing care across Europe.
Intravoxel incoherent motion to assess brain microstructure and perfusion in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Wu Xiangxiang , Jiang Zijian , Zheng Jiahui , Jiao Zhuqing , Liu Tongqiang , Dou Weiqiang , Shi Haifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the clinical value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging in evaluating the brain microstructure and perfusion changes in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.MethodsThe routine head MRI sequences and IVIM were performed on 40 ESRD patients and 30 healthy subjects. The IVIM was executed with 10 b‐values varying from 0 to 1000 seconds/mm2. All subjects were evaluated on neuropsychological test. Laboratory tests were conducted for ESRD patients.ResultsCompared with the control group, increased slow apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADCslow) were found in the left frontal lobe, hippocampus, bilateral temporal lobe, and the right occipital lobe (p < .05), and increased fast ADC values (ADCfast) were found in all regions of interest (all p < .001) in ESRD patients. In ESRD patients, ADCfast in right frontal lobe (p = .041) and insular lobe (p = .045) was negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA), and ADCfast in the right parietal lobe (p = .009) and hippocampus (p = .041) had positive correlation with hemoglobin levels. Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, ADCfast in the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe separately showed fair to good efficacy in differentiating ESRD patients from healthy subjects, with the area under the ROC ranging from .853 to .903.ConclusionsThe microstructure and perfusion of the brain were impaired in ESRD patients. ADCfast of the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe could be effective biomarker for evaluating cognitive impairment in ESRD patients.
Does Mental Simulation Decrease the Empathy Gap in Help‐Seeking?
Authors: Furuhashi Kengo , Igarashi Tasuku 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeople hesitate to seek help when they perceive the cost of helping as high. In general, help‐seekers overestimate the cost of helping because of errors in perspective‐taking. We examined whether three processes of mental simulation (recalling an experience of providing help, of rejecting a request for help, and of sensing the empathy gap) would decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Participants underwent one of the simulations or no simulation (control condition), read two scenarios that described helping and help‐seeking, and rated the perceived cost of helping in the scenarios. Contrary to the prediction, simulations did not decrease the cost of helping perceived by help‐seekers. Recalling an experience of rejecting requests also increased the perceived cost of helping in unemployment scenarios. The post hoc analysis for controlling the depressive mood in depression scenarios showed that the cost of helping from the helper's perspective decreased, whereas that from the help‐seekers remained the same under the empathy‐gap simulation condition. These results suggest that realizing the asymmetry between helpers and help‐seekers may be counterproductive in help‐seeking and widen the empathy gap.
Shouldering Death: Moral Tensions, Ambiguity, and the Unintended Ramifications of State‐sanctioned Second‐trimester Selective Abortion in Denmark
Authors: Heinsen Laura Louise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article is based on an ethnographic study of pregnant couples’ embodied, emotional, and moral experiences of second‐trimester selective abortion in Denmark. Drawing on 16 selective abortion stories, I unpack the intense, often highly accelerated, days that follow from the moment a fetal aberration is detected to the moment of fetal disposal or burial. I show that although prenatal screening and diagnostics have come to occupy a routinized part of pregnancy in Denmark, when women and their partners opt for termination, they are faced with a series of bodily events and actions they are entirely unprepared for while at the same time feeling essentially alone in grappling with the moral confusion that ensues. I argue that despite widespread medico–legal sanctioning and social endorsement of selective abortion, the specificities of how such terminations are done in Denmark in ambiguous, and conflicted, ways situate women and their partners in a series of moral tensions around how to relate to the abortion, the dead fetus, their grief, and their entitlement to such mourning. By chronicling the core struggles that the process of termination catalyzes, I point to the social and moral ramifications of the embodied practices and medico–legal choreographing of selective abortion in Denmark.[selective abortion, moral tensions, embodied practices, responsibility, death]
Conventionalism about mathematics and logic
Authors: Field Hartry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConventionalism about mathematics has much in common with two other views: fictionalism and the multiverse view (aka plenitudinous platonism). The three views may differ over the existence of mathematical objects, but they agree in rejecting a certain kind of objectivity claim about mathematics, advocating instead an extreme pluralism. The early parts of the paper will try to elucidate this anti‐objectivist position, and question whether conventionalism really offers a third form of it distinct from fictionalism and the multiverse view. The paper then turns to anti‐objectivism about logic, and suggests that here too conventionalism offers no distinct alternative, and that there are limits on the extent of pluralism/anti‐objectivism. It also argues that these limits can't be used to argue for more extensive objectivity within mathematics, and also that they do allow for more limited pluralism within logic, e.g. as regards resolution of semantic and property‐theoretic paradoxes.
Creating a shared musical interpretation: Changes in coordination dynamics while learning unfamiliar music together
Authors: Wood Emily A. , Chang Andrew , Bosnyak Dan , Klein Lucas , Baraku Elger , Dotov Dobromir , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ability to coordinate with others is fundamental for humans to achieve shared goals. Often, harmonious interpersonal coordination requires learning, such as ensemble musicians rehearing together to synchronize their low‐level timing and high‐level aesthetic musical expressions. We investigated how the coordination dynamics of a professional string quartet changed as they learned unfamiliar pieces together across eight trials. During all trials, we recorded each musician's body sway motion data, and quantified the group's body sway similarity (cross‐correlation) and information flow (Granger causality) on each trial. In line with our hypothesis, group similarity increased, while group information flow decreased significantly across trials. In addition, there was a trend such that group similarity, but not information flow, was related to the quality of the performances. As the ensemble converged on a joint interpretation through rehearsing, their body sways reflected the change from interpersonal information flow for coordinative mutual adaptations and corrections, to synchronous musical coordination made possible by the musicians learning a common internally based expressive interpretation.
Community‐dwelling older adults' acceptance of smartwatches for health and location tracking
Authors: Chung Jane , Brakey Heidi Rishel , Reeder Blaine , Myers Orrin , Demiris George 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite rapid growth in the popularity of smartwatches, evidence lacks regarding older adults’ acceptance of smartwatches. Since most wearable sensors are not designed specifically for older adults, there is a need to examine wearability and usability challenges of wearable sensing devices faced by older adults to facilitate the use of objective measurements of health and mobility.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine older adults' perceptions of GPS‐enabled smartwatches and to identify potential barriers and facilitators of smartwatch and sensor data use.MethodsAs part of a larger feasibility study, we conducted a mixed‐methods study that included a descriptive content analysis of interviews and a brief usability survey with 30 participants aged 60 years and older after they had used a smartwatch for 3 days.ResultsMost participants perceived wearable activity trackers including smartwatches and sensor‐based data as useful for tracking health, finding activity patterns and promoting healthy behaviours. Privacy was of little concern, leading to willingness to share activity and location data with others. Participants identified barriers to usability as clumsy design, lack of aesthetic appeal, and difficulty reading the display and using the GPS tracking function. In contrast, identified facilitators of adoption included a big display, high‐tech look, self‐awareness and possible behaviour change.ConclusionsSmartwatches have the potential of personalised detection of health deterioration and disability prevention, based on analysis of older adults' activities in free‐living environments. The usefulness of this technology for older adults can be significantly increased by addressing usability issues and providing instructions on challenging features.Implications for PracticeTo support sustained self‐monitoring behaviours through wearable sensor devices in older adults, it is critical to examine how they perceive those devices and identify factors affecting technology acceptance that can maximise adoption.
Changes in Patellar Morphology Following Soft Tissue Surgical Correction of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Children with Low‐Grade Trochlear Dysplasia
Authors: Dong Cong‐lei , Wang Yan‐yang , Lin Wei , Chen Xiao‐bo , Xu Chen‐yue , Wei Mao‐zheng , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in patellar morphology following soft tissue surgical correction of recurrent patellar dislocation in children with low‐grade trochlear dysplasia.MethodsThe prospective cohort study was performed between November 2007 and December 2012. Finally, 25 cases, with the mean age of 8.4 years (range from 7 to 10 years), were admitted to the study. All patients were diagnosed as bilateral recurrent patellar dislocation associated with femoral trochlear dysplasia. The knee that suffered injury or was dislocated was treated with medial patellar retinacular plasty (surgery group). The contralateral knee, which served as a control, was treated conservatively (conservative group). Axial CT scans were undertaken in all patients to assess the patellar morphological characteristics.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 60.8 months (range 48 to 75 months). Preoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences between the patellar morphology in the two groups (P > 0.05). Many radiological parameters of patellar morphology were significantly different between the two groups at the final follow‐up, including well‐known parameters, such as the mean patellar width (surgery group, 40.58 mm [SD 1.26]; conservative group, 36.41 mm [SD 1.17]; P < 0.05), the mean patellar thickness (surgery group, 11.59 mm [SD 0.74]; conservative group, 9.38 mm [SD 0.56]; P < 0.05) and the mean Wiberg index (surgery group, 0.54 [SD 0.06]; conservative group, 0.72 [SD 0.08]; P < 0.05). There are also little‐known parameters, such as the ratio of length of lateral patella to medial patella (surgery group, 1.26 [SD 0.17]; conservative group, 1.69 [SD 0.21]; P < 0.05), which was a measurement of facet asymmetry. However, the Wiberg angle was not significantly different between the two groups (surgery group, 128.63° [SD 9.05]; conservative group, 125.47° [SD 13.96°]; P > 0.05) at the final follow‐up. No complications were found.ConclusionsThe patellar morphology can be significantly improved by early soft tissue surgical correction in children with patellar instability associated with low‐grade femoral trochlear dysplasia.
The utility of postoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis following cardiovascular implantable electronic device implantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Go John R. , Hassett Leslie C. , Baddour Larry M. , DeSimone Daniel C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient evidence regarding postoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis use for more than 24 h following cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation and its impact on infection prevention. However, this strategy remains a common practice in many institutions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis including studies that compared the outcomes of patients: (1) who received preoperative plus 24 h or more of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (intervention group); and (2) who received either preoperative only or preoperative plus less than 24 h of antibiotic prophylaxis (control group). Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS‐I and ROB‐2 tools. Risk ratio (RR) was pooled using random‐effect meta‐analyses with inverse variance method.ResultsEight studies that included two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six cohort studies with a total of 26,187 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, there were no differences in outcomes between the two groups, which included rates of CIED infection (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.42, 1.42), mortality (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.69, 2.06), pocket hematoma (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.44, 3.00) or reintervention (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.22, 3.46). Of note, the results were primarily impacted by the larger RCT.ConclusionsThere was no benefit of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for more than 24 h following CIED implantation in the current systematic review and meta‐analysis. This supports the practice advocated by current guidelines which foster antibiotic stewardship and may result in reductions of adverse drug events, selection for antibiotic resistance, and financial costs of prolonged postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
Newsvendors with customer referrals
Authors: Li Meng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFirms often encourage existing customers to recruit new customers. In this paper, we analytically study the customer referrals in a two‐period newsvendor model, where the demand generated by referrals increases in the previous sales. In this framework, we establish the structural results for the optimal inventory level, as well as evaluate the value of referral programs. We find that the customer referrals are more attractive for firms selling nonperishable products than for those selling perishable products. Overall, this study underscores the operational value of customer referrals, particularly for firms selling nonperishable products.