bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Various Bacillus Thvringiensis Strains, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was designed to compare different formulations of B. thuringiensis with a standard insecticide and with each other for Heliothis control. Cotton was planted 26 Apr and grown in the manner normal for the area. Plots was 4 rows wide and 40 ft long and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were applied with a CO2 sprayer with fan tips at 20 inch intervals and calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre except the oil formulated ABG6158. This treatment was applied with a CDA applicator using corn oil at the rate of 1 qt/acre. Plots were sprayed 30 Jun, 6, 13, and 20 Jul. A major tobacco budworm moth flight occurred on the wk of 10 Jul. Yields were estimated by harvesting the 2 center rows with a brush stripper on 26 Aug. Ammo 0.05 (AI)/acre was used as a check. Heliothis damage was obtained by examining 50 squares or bolls on 12, 19, 26 Jul, and 3 Aug. The numbers damaged were insignificant on 12 Jul and were not included in the statistical evaluation. All treatments reduced square damage on 18 Jul when maximum square damage was observed. On 19 Jul, boll damage was reduced by ABG6222, ABG6158, and Ammo. The mean boll damage for the 3 wk of infestation indicate that ABG6222 and Ammo decreased boll damage significantly compared with the untreated check. There was no significant difference between ABG6222 and Ammo. Treatment with Ammo, significantly increased yields.
Control of Heliothis Spp. and Boll Weevil, 1989
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot evaluation was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides and insecticide combinations in controlling boll weevil and Heliothis spp. on cotton. Cotton was planted 24 Apr on 1.02-m centers. Plots were 4 rows × 36.6 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of final spray solution/ acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 10, 17, 24, and 31 Jul and 7 and 14 Aug. All plots were oversprayed with methyl parathion 4 E, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 12 Jul and with Guthion 2 L, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 20 Jul for weevils. A standard cotton insecticide program was followed on the entire test area after the last observation on 17 Aug. Insect levels and plant damage were monitored 3 days following each treatment application by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows from each plot on 24 Oct.
Evaluation of Eakly Season Thrips Control on Cotton—North Mississippi Location, 1989
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine treatments were evaluated for relative efficacy against thrips on cotton planted 12 May in sandy loam soil at the North Mississippi Branch Experiment Station, Holly Springs, MS. Plots were 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft with 4 rows of cotton planted between plots and were arranged in a randomized complete block statistical design. Granular materials were applied with a John Deere planter equipped with granule applicator boxes, and liquids were applied with a CO2 powered sprayer with an 8002E nozzle positioned above and in line with the furrow so as to direct all the spray into the furrow at a rate of 5.3 gal/acre. Water was used as carrier for application of liquids. Thrips counts were obtained by collecting 10 plants at random from each plot, placing them in plastic bags and transporting them to the laboratory. Because of a thin stand, only 5 plants/sample were collected on the last 3 sample dates. Samples were collected on 23 and 30 May, and 3 and 7 Jun. Plants were washed in the laboratory with a few drops of detergent and sodium hyperchlorite bleach/liter of water, and rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve. The thrips were then rinsed onto filter paper for counting under a binocular dissection microscope. Rainfall between the planting date and 10 Jun totaled to 5.9 inches. Based on the identification of adult thrips, the primary thrips species present during the test was tobacco thrips. Western flower thrips and other thrips species made up a small percentage of the population identified from the plots.
Delta Aphid Test I, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against aphids in irrigated cotton planted 17 May at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 8 rows by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the 4 center rows of each plot by high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre using 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made on 15 and 20 Jul. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Data were collected by picking 10 leaves at each of 3 levels within the canopy in each plot and aphids and thrips on ½ of each leaf were counted in the laboratory. Aphid numbers were generally distributed with higher numbers in the lower portions of the plant. There were no statistical differences within discreet levels between compounds as determined by analysis of variance and data from all levels were pooled for final statistical evaluation. Yield was obtained by mechanical picker from the center two rows within each plot.
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1989
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied to 'Acala GC-510' cotton, planted 5 Apr, with individual plots 8 (40 inch) rows wide by 150 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Application was made on 2 Jun by Hagie 470 high clearance ground sprayer equipped with boom drops using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row (TX-6, Spraying Systems), deliverying 15 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (20/plot, eighth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled 4 times after treatment and processed onto filter paper through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Predatory and pest insect species in 4 treatment regimes were sampled by D-Vac® vacuum sampler 3 times: 1, 3 and 10 DAT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin, 1989
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. Each plot was 6 × 13 ft surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination among plots. Plots were fertilized with urea at 110.5 lb N/acre and broadcast seeded at 100 lb seed/acre 10 May. Plots were flooded 11 May and drained 13 May. Thiobencarb at 4 lb(AI)/acre was applied 16 May. Rice emerged 18 May. Plots were flooded 26 May and drained 28 May. Propanil at 3 lb (AI)/acre and bentazon at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre were applied 7 Jun. Urea at 59.5 lb N/acre was applied 8 Jun. The permanent flood (4 inches deep) was applied 9 Jun. On 13 Jun and 18 Jun (4 d and 9 d after the onset of the permanent flood) Dimilin treatments were applied with a Devilbiss atomizer (model 152) using CO2 as the propellant. At times of application, conditions were calm. The Furadan treatment was applied 20 Jun (11 d after onset of the permanent flood) using a hand-held shaker. On 7 Jul and 8 Jul, 5 soil cores (4 inches diam by 4 inches deep) containing about 1 plant/core were randomly selected and removed from each plot. Plant roots were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and RWW larvae and pupae were recovered and counted.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Soybean Insects in South Mississippi, 1988
Authors: Grant Robert R. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven insecticide treatments were evaluated on 4 row (40 inch centers) by 50 ft long plots arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications at the South Mississippi Branch Experiment Station, Poplarville, MS. Plots were planted 12 May. Treatments were applied 21 Sep with a high clearance tractor equipped with 2, TX-3 nozzles per row calibrated for 5 gal total volume/acre. One sample consisting of 25 sweeps with a 15 inch diam net was taken from the center 2 rows of each plot on 21 and 27 Sep. The contents of each sample were anesthetized with ether, transferred to paper bags and counted in the laboratory.
Control of Soybean Loopers in Mississippi Soybeans, 1989
Authors: Layton Blake , Smith Randy , Hamer Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six registered soybean insecticides were evaluated against soybean looper. Treatments were applied on 6 Sep using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.4 gal of finished spray/acre through 8001 flat-fan tips at 40 psi. Row spacing was 30 inches in soybeans planted no-till behind wheat. Plots were 10 rows wide by 45 ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Pretreatment counts averaged 15.75 soybean loopers, 12.25 velvetbean caterpillars and green cloverworms combined, and 1.5 stink bugs/25 sweeps of a 15 inch-diam sweep net. No precipitation fell on the plots prior to the 7 d counts.
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Control on Insect Pests in Georgia Soybeans, 1989
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Taylor J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling stink bugs, threecornered alfalfa hoppers, and velvetbean caterpillars in soybean. Soybeans were planted on 17 May to 36 inch rows in conventionally prepared seedbeds at the University of Georgia Bowen Research Farm in Tift County, GA. Individual plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft with 6-ft alleys between replicates. A complete randomized block experimental design was utilized with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 7 Sep with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom, at 35 psi and 17.2 gal of formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 4, 7, and 14 d after application, by comparing the number of stink bug pests (primarily southern green stink bugs and green stink bugs), threecornered alfalfa hoppers, and velvetbean caterpillars/25 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated controls. A 15-inch diam net was passed through the foliage of a single row of each plot on each sampling date.
Control of Velvetbean Caterpillar on Soybean, 1989
Authors: Mink J. S. , Wier A. T. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 45 ft by 8 rows (36 inch row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 21 psi through 8002 nozzles. Treatments were applied on 18 Sep in the R5 growth stage. Samples were taken 2 and 7 DAT using 2, 25-sweep samples (15 inch diam sweep net)/plot, and 14 DAT using one 25-sweep sample/plot. ‘Bond’ sticker was applied with each insecticide at the rate of 5 ml/gal of finished spray. Populations of VBC reached approximately 57% of the economic threshold (75 VBC/25 sweeps) at the time of insecticide application.
Tobacco Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1989
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Padgett M. L. , Taylor J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA on, 29 Mar. Plots 4 rows wide (36 inches apart) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Three granular insecticides were applied on 6 Apr as sidedress applications in a 6-inch band to the right of the row and lightly incorporated. These treatments were applied using a Gandy applicator mounted to a dual wheel pushcart. Orthene was applied on 2 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 22.2 gal per acre of formulation at 35 psi. Three TX-12 hollow cone nozzles were arranged directly over each treated row. Number of live aphids, budworms, and hornworms per 7 plants were recorded periodically from early May through Jun.
Tobacco Insect Control on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted into an Appling sandy loam soil (pH 5.8; O.M. 1.1) at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA, on 30 May. Experimental plots consisted of 2 40-ft rows (24 plants) of tobacco set on 4-ft centers. Adjacent plots were separated by single untreated guard rows and blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The test site was treated with Mocap 6 EC (1 gal) before transplanting to control nematodes. Broadcast preplant soil incorporated treatments were applied and incorporated within 2 h after application on 23 May. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 26 gal of finished spray/acre through 8003 flat-fan nozzles spaced at 20 inches on the boom. Granular chemicals were applied with a Gandy Junior granular applicator mounted on a push-cart. The Temik band treatments were applied with the granular applicator immediately before bedding over the band on 25 May. The 1.0 and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre rates were applied in a 12-inch band using a single bander, while the 3.0 lb (AI)/acre rate was applied in a 24-inch band using 2 banders/ row. Orthene was applied in the transplant water at 200 gal of solution/acre (116 ml/plant). Insect counts were made about once every 2 wks. TA numbers were estimated on the 4 uppermost leaves at least 3 inches long on 10 plants/plot. TFB were counted on 10 plants/plot and THW were counted on all the plants in the first row of each plot. Rainfall totaled 6.2 and 4.4 inches during Jun and Jul, respectively.
Control of Cereal Leaf Beetle in Winter Wheat, 1989
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CLB in winter wheat in VA. Wheat was planted on 1 Dec with 6-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 4 May using a CO2 compressed-air backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gal formulation/acre at 24 psi, broadcast with 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the boom. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 6 rows by 25 ft. Treatments were evaluated by comparing numbers of CLB larvae/row-ft 1, 4, 7, 13 and 21 DAT. Yield was based on cutting (20 Jun), drying, combining and weighing grain from 2 center rows (40 row-ft)/plot.
Mite Control, 1989
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to 12-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays by handgun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi and at 350-440 gal/acre, for Tests 1 and 2, respectively. Spray dates were 18 Jun and 24 Jul, for Tests 1 and 2, respectively. The standard pesticide program consisted of Manzate 200 80 W (0.8-1.5 lb/100 gal) on 5 dates, Nova 40 W (1.5-2.0 oz), Sevin 80 S (0.7-1.2 lb), Captan 80 W (1.2 lb) on 4 dates, and Ambush 25 W (3 oz) on 1 date. There were no mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used, with 2 'Red Delicious' and 2 Cortland' cultivars in each test. ERM were counted on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Early Jun was very wet, but late Jun and all of Jul were very dry. Summer temperatures were normal.
Prebloom Control of Pear Psylla with Pyrethroid Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied dilute by handgun operating at 200 psi to 28-yr-old pear trees. Trees were sprayed to the drip point. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates (2 of each variety) arranged in a randomized complete block design. All sprays were applied on 6 Apr at the white bud stage. Treatments were evaluated by beating tray counts of PP adults (2 trays/tree) and counts of PP eggs and nymphs on 5 spurs/tree. After trees leafed out, spur leaves were sampled (2 leaves/spur; 20 spur leaves/tree). Spurs and leaves were scanned under a stereo microscope. Samples were taken before and after treatment at about 1 to 2 wk intervals.
Cherry, Broad Spectrum Control with Insecticides, All Season Test, 1989
Authors: Johnson James W. , Biddinger David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature tart cherry trees in Fennville, MI were treated with insecticides at the rate of 100 gal/acre of finished spray with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Trees were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. All materials were applied on 1 May (white bud), 22 May, 4 Jun, and 28 Jun. Cover sprays of Bravo, Ziram, and Tilt were applied separately to all blocks. Evaluation on 9 Jun was made by harvesting and examining 100 cherries/replicate for presence of plum curculio damage for a total of 400 cherries/treatment.
Insectide Evaluations for Variegated Grape Leafhopper, 1988
Authors: Rethwisch Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticide treatments and a water only check were applied post harvest to grapes located near Dateland, AZ. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot consisted of 4 500 ft long rows. Applications were made on 5 Oct by a tractor pulled airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 114 gal/acre. Daytime high temperatures averaged 98.6°F the wk following treatment. Plots were rated on 8 Oct (3 DAT) for adult population levels and sampled 7 and 15 DAT (12 and 20 Oct) for adults and nymphs. All samples and ratings came from the center 2 plot rows. Ratings were on a 0-7 scale with 0 indicative of no adults and 7 of extremely heavy adult populations. Samples 7 and 15 DAT consisted of a single 4-ft sweep of a, 15′ diam sweep across north facing foliage from three different areas in each plot. Samples were transferred to containers, frozen and counted for adult and nymph numbers. Only 3 replications were sampled 15 DAT due to time constraints.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Japanese Beetle and Soldier Beetle Control on Raspberry, 1989
Authors: Rajotte E. G. , Travis J. W. , Rytter J. , Rebarchak G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Rock Springs Research Farm. The study was laid out as a completely randomized design with 7 treatments each replicated 4 times. Treatments consisted of 5 plants, spaced 3 feet apart. Data were obtained from samples taken from the center section of plots. The total number of Japanese and soldier beetles/plot were counted. On 16 Jun, treatments were applied using a CO2 Precision Boom Sprayer that delivered 72 gal/acre at 35 psi. The spray boom was equipped with twin fan nozzles (T.J. 60-1104 vs). On 18 Jul treatments were applied using a Meyers Boom Sprayer that was adjusted to deliver 72 gal/acre traveling 3 mph. Treatments in parentheses were applied previously on 25 May.
Acaricide Evaluation, 1989
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Welker Robert , Potter Christine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 5 single-tree plots of 7-yr-old trees in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.4 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gal/acre. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Asana, Benlate, Dikar, Dodine, Guthion, Lannate, Lorsban, Manzate 200, Penncap-M, Phosphamidon, Pounce, Rubigan, and Solubor. ERM control was evaluated by sampling 20 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting active stages with a binocular microscope.
Citrus Red Mite Control on ‘Washington Navel’ Orange in Louisiana, 1988
Authors: Bourgeois W. J. , Adams A. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various miticides alone and as a tank mix with Triton CS-7 at the rate of 1 pt/100 gal were applied to 4-yr-old ‘Washington navel’ orange trees located at the Citrus Research Station, Port Sulphur, Louisiana with the use of a Solo backpack sprayer (Model 425) on 6 Sep. Miticide treatments were applied to single tree plots replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The tree foliage was completely covered with miticide until runoff occurred or approximately 0.5-1.0 gal of spray solution was applied/ tree. CRM counts were determined 15 and 30 d after treatment by pulling 10 leaves at random. Leaves were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the number of CRM recorded. CRM populations in 1988 were initially light and remained so during the season.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1988
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Austin John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four miticides were evaluated for control of the PLSM on pecan. The study was conducted at the LSU Pecan Research-Extension Station, Robson, Caddo Parish, LA on 53 yr old Stuart’ pecan trees. Each treatment was applied to 2 trees. Pretreatment counts were made on 21 Sep. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on 22 Sep using an FMC 957 CPD speed sprayer delivering 32 gal of finished spray/tree (288 gal/acre). Posttreatment counts were made 7, 14, and 21 d after treatments were applied. Sampling consisted of counting the number of mites (adults and larvae), and mite eggs on 10 pairs of leaflets/tree. Because of variation in pretreatment counts between trees, data were analyzed using covariate analysis, with the pretreatment counts as the concomitant variable.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1990
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sugarbeets were planted in 2 fields near Rupert, Idaho. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Location 1 (irrigation by wheel lines) was planted 25 Apr using WS 88 seed and location 2 (irrigation by furrow irrigation) was planted 20 Apr using PM9 seed. Eleven treatments and an untreated check were replicated six times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 6 rows (22 inch row spacing) by 30 ft. Alleys were cut between plots to give 25 ft of row/plot. Aldicarb was applied in either a modified in furrow treatment (MIF) or a banded furrow treatment in front of the press wheel. Tenax, Lorsban, and Counter were applied in a 4—5 inch band behind the press wheel and chain incorporated. Furadan was applied 25 May at early fly emergence in a 3-4 inch band sprayed over the top of the beet row using 50 gal water/acre 930 psi, hollow cone single nozzle). Temik was applied post emergence in a 4-5 inch band over the row and chain incorporated on 4 Jun. On 5 Jul five adjacent beets were dug from the middle of rows 2 and 5 to give 10 beets/plot for rating for root maggot damage. The beets were washed and rated using the following rating scheme 0 = no scars; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = Vi to 3A root area blackened by scars; 5 = more than % of root area damaged.