bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Low-Dose Aspirin in Colorectal Cancer Risk Prevention is Dependent onADH1BandALDH2Genotype in Japanese Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients
Authors: Mure Kanae , Ishikawa Hideki , Mutoh Michihiro , Horinaka Mano , Otani Takahiro , Suzuki Sadao , Wakabayashi Keiji , Sakai Toshiyuki ,   J-FAPP Study IV group, Sato Yasushi , Doyama Hisashi , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Shinji , Horimatsu Takahiro , Takeuchi Yoji , Kashida Hiroshi , Tashiro Jun , Ezoe Yasumasa , Nakajima Takeshi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Hori Shinichiro , Takayama Tetsuji , Ohda Yoshio 
Published: May 2022

Aspirin has gained great attention as a cancer preventive agent. Our previous study revealed that the low-dose aspirin prevents colorectal tumor recurrence in Japanese patients with colorectal adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas, whereas aspirin increases risks in smokers and has no effects on regular drinkers. Our recent study revealed that aspirin reduces polyp growth in Japanese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In this study, we have studied the association of genotypes of alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ADH1B and ALDH2) on aspirin's efficacy of suppressing polyp growth (≥5 mm) in a total of 81 Japanese patients with FAP. Our study revealed that aspirin showed significant preventive effects for patients with ADH1B-AA and AA+GA types [OR = 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.95, and OR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.95, respectively], and for patients with ALDH2-GG and GG+GA types (OR = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.92, and OR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.94, respectively), but not for patients with ADH1B-GG and GA+GG types, and ALDH2-AA and GA+AA types. In addition, substantial preventive effects of aspirin were seen for patients with ADH1B-AA type who do not drink regularly (&lt;3 times/week, OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.78), where a statistically significant interaction between aspirin and ADH1B was observed (Pinteraction = 0.036). Results from this exploratory study strongly indicate that aspirin is beneficial in prevention of polyp growth for patients with FAP with ADH1B-AA and AA+GA types, and ALDH2-GG and GG+GA types. Taken together, we propose ADH1B and ALDH2 as candidate markers for the personalized prevention by aspirin.Significance:Aspirin is beneficial to patients with FAP with ADH1B-AA and AA+GA types or ALDH2-GG and GG+GA types. ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes can be the markers for the personalized prevention of colorectal cancer by aspirin.
Longitudinal Associations Between Fat‐Derived Dietary Patterns and Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Brayner Barbara , Keske Michelle A. , Kaur Gunveen , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Piernas Carmen , Livingstone Katherine M. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Although the impact of dietary fats on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely researched, longitudinal associations between dietary patterns (DPs) based on fat type and early markers of CVD risk remain unclear.

Methods and Results
UK Biobank participants (46.9% men, mean age 55 years) with data on early markers of CVD risk (n=12 706) were followed longitudinally (2014–2020; mean 8.4 years). Two DPs (DP1, DP2) were derived using reduced rank regression (response variables: monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat based on two 24‐hour dietary assessments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to investigate associations between DPs and odds of elevated CVD risk (using the nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score) and changes in early CVD markers, respectively. DP1 (characterized by higher nuts and seeds and lower fruit and legumes intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat; DP2 (characterized by higher butter and high‐fat cheese, lower nuts and seeds intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat and negatively with polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat. DP2 was associated with slightly higher odds of elevated CVD risk (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.07]). DP1 was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.01–0.37]) and lower cardiac index (β, −0.02 [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.01]); DP2 was associated with higher carotid intima medial thickness (β, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.01–3.59]) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β, −0.15 [95% CI, −0.24 to −0.07]) and cardiac index (β, −0.01 [95% CI, −0.02 to −0.01]).

Conclusions
This study suggests small but statistically significant associations between DPs based on fat type and some early markers of CVD risk. Further research is needed to confirm these associations.
Modeling the Progression of Cardiac Catecholamine Deficiency in Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Goldstein David S. , Pekker Mark J. , Sullivan Patti , Isonaka Risa , Sharabi Yehonatan 
Published: May 2022

Background
Lewy body diseases (LBDs) feature deficiency of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the left ventricular myocardium and sympathetic intra‐neuronal deposition of the protein alpha‐synuclein (αS). LBDs therefore are autonomic synucleinopathies. Computational modeling has revealed multiple functional abnormalities in residual myocardial sympathetic noradrenergic nerves in LBDs, including decreased norepinephrine synthesis, vesicular storage, and recycling. We report an extended model that enables predictions about the progression of LBDs and effects of genetic predispositions and treatments on that progression.

Methods and Results

The model combines cardiac sympathetic activation with autotoxicity mediated by the dopamine metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. We tested the model by its ability to predict longitudinal empirical data based on cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging, effects of genetic variations related to particular intra‐neuronal reactions, treatment by monoamine oxidase inhibition to decrease 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde production, and post‐mortem myocardial tissue contents of catecholamines and αS. The new model generated a triphasic decline in myocardial norepinephrine content. This pattern was confirmed by empirical data from serial cardiac
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F‐dopamine positron emission tomographic scanning in patients with LBDs. The model also correctly predicted empirical data about effects of genetic variants and monoamine oxidase inhibition and about myocardial levels of catecholamines and αS.

Conclusions
The present computational model predicts a triphasic decline in myocardial norepinephrine content as LBDs progress. According to the model, disease‐modifying interventions begun at the transition from the first to the second phase delay the onset of symptomatic disease. Computational modeling coupled with biomarkers of preclinical autonomic synucleinopathy may enable early detection and more effective treatment of LBDs.
Increases in Hepatokine Selenoprotein P Levels Are Associated With Hepatic Hypoperfusion and Predict Adverse Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Takeishi Ryohei , Misaka Tomofumi , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Ishibashi Shinji , Matsuda Mitsuko , Yamadera Yukio , Ohara Himika , Sugawara Yukiko , Hotsuki Yu , Watanabe Koichiro , Anzai Fumiya , Sato Yu , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: May 2022

Background
Although multiorgan networks are involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), interactions of the heart and the liver have not been fully understood. Hepatokines, which are synthesized and secreted from the liver, have regulatory functions in peripheral tissues. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinical impact of the hepatokine selenoprotein P in patients with HF.

Methods and Results
This is a prospective observational study that enrolled 296 participants consisting of 253 hospitalized patients with HF and 43 control subjects. First, we investigated selenoprotein P levels and found that its levels were significantly higher in patients with HF than in the controls. Next, patients with HF were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence of liver congestion using shear wave elastography and liver hypoperfusion by peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, which were both assessed by abdominal ultrasonography. Selenoprotein P levels were significantly elevated in patients with HF with liver hypoperfusion compared with those without but were not different between the patients with and without liver congestion. Selenoprotein P levels were negatively correlated with peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, whereas no correlations were observed between selenoprotein P levels and shear wave elastography of the liver. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with HF with higher selenoprotein P levels were significantly associated with increased adverse cardiac outcomes including cardiac deaths and worsening HF.

Conclusions
Liver‐derived selenoprotein P correlates with hepatic hypoperfusion and may be a novel target involved in cardiohepatic interactions as well as a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with HF.
A Model of the Convectively Coupled Equatorial Rossby Wave over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Chen Guosen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The convectively coupled equatorial Rossby (CCER) wave can significantly affect tropical and extratropical weather, yet its dynamics is not fully understood. Here, a linear two-layer model is proposed for the n = 1 CCER wave over the Indo-Pacific warm pool. The physical processes include moisture feedback (i.e., a prognostic moisture variable), cloud–radiation feedback, moist convection that depends on column moisture, effect of background zonal flow, and wind-induced surface flux exchange (WISHE) that links enhanced surface evaporation to low-level zonal westerly anomaly based on observation. The emerging CCER mode possesses many features consistent with the observations, including the horizontal structures, a broad range of frequency, and the amplification at both planetary and synoptic scales. This CCER mode can be viewed as a westward-propagating moisture mode, which is driven westward by the Doppler shifting effect of background easterly flow and the pre-moistening effect of WISHE. This CCER mode is destabilized by WISHE and background easterly shear. The WISHE shifts the enhanced convection into warm zone at planetary scales (wavenumbers 1–5), therefore, inducing planetary-scale instability through generating the eddy available potential energy (EAPE). The background easterly shear stimulates the interaction between the barotropic and baroclinic components of the circulation, amplifying the CCER wave at synoptic scales (wavenumbers 6–15) by increasing the EAPE generation through modifying the phase relation between low-level moisture convergence and temperature.
The Role of Climate and Vegetation in Regulating Drought–Heat Extremes
Authors: O Sungmin , Bastos Ana , Reichstein Markus , Li Wantong , Denissen Jasper , Graefen Hanna , Orth Rene 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Droughts cause serious environmental and societal impacts, often aggravated by simultaneously occurring heat waves. Climate and vegetation play key roles in the evolution of drought-associated temperature anomalies, but their relative importance is largely unknown. Here, we present the hottest temperature anomalies during drought in subhumid and tree-dominated regions using observation-based, global data over 2001–15. These anomalies are mainly driven by a drought-related net radiation surplus and further amplified by forests’ water-saving strategies that result in diminished evaporative cooling. By contrast, in semiarid and short-vegetation regions, drought-related temperature increases are smaller. The reduction of evaporative cooling is weak and net radiation increases only marginally due to high albedo over drought-stressed vegetation. Our findings highlight the importance of considering all interacting factors in understanding diverse mechanisms of concurrent drought–heat extremes across different climate regimes.

Significance Statement
Climate and vegetation have a strong influence in regulating temperature anomalies during drought. However, the physical mechanisms behind drought–heat events across different climate–vegetation regimes are not always accurately described in physically based models. Here we use global-scale, observation-based datasets to show the spatial variation of temperature anomalies during drought, with the largest anomalies in subhumid and tree-dominated regions. Further, we present observational evidence for the relative roles of climate and vegetation in shaping drought–heat extremes across space. Our study provides valuable inputs to better understand the drought–heat pathways and their spatial variations, which can inform drought adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Validation of Precipitation Events in ERA5 to Gauge Observations during Warm Seasons over Eastern China
Authors: Wu Guocan , Qin Shun , Mao Yuna , Ma Zhanshan , Shi Chunming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrecipitation events should be characterized using data with high temporal resolution, such as hourly precipitation. Event-based evaluation can provide more information than the traditional equal-time-interval method by considering precipitation intermittency. This study focuses on the performance of hourly gauge observations and ERA5 products based on precipitation events in eastern China during 1979–2015. The annual frequency, duration, amount, and intensity of precipitation events are compared, and the statistics of precipitation events with different durations are also evaluated. Results show that ERA5 estimated more annual precipitation events and longer duration compared to the gauge observations, with relative deviation values of 48.75% and 49.22% at the national scale. Precipitation intensity and amount estimated by ERA5 based on precipitation events were less than those obtained from gauge observations, and the discrepancies in low-latitude regions were greater than those in high-latitude areas. The frequency of precipitation events decreased exponentially with duration for both ERA5 and gauge observations, but generally the value for the former was larger than for the latter. The statistics related to precipitation events showed smaller trends for ERA5 than for gauge observations, i.e., −0.13 h decade−1and −0.17 mm decade−1for the trends of duration and amount in ERA5, which contrasts with 0.03 h decade−1and 0.14 mm decade−1for gauge observations, respectively. These results can provide a reference for improving the parameterization scheme of the precipitation triggering mechanism in the process of model simulation.
“The President’s Syndrome”: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Gerald Ford’s Lingual Actinomycosis
Authors: Lee Janet , Pappas Theodore N. 
Published: May 2022

Gerald R. Ford was the 38th president of the United States. He was appointed as vice president by Richard Nixon in 1974 upon the resignation of Spiro T. Agnew. In the midst of the Watergate Crisis, Nixon resigned making Ford the only president to serve without being elected as either president or vice president. In the year 2000, 13 years after his abbreviated term in office, he was attending the Republican National Convention in Philadelphia where he developed pain in his tongue, slurring of his speech, and signs of a stroke. He was taken to the emergency room of Hahnemann University Hospital where a CT scan showed a posterior circulation stroke. Within 24 hours, all of Ford’s symptoms improved except for his tongue pain and speech. An MRI of the head and neck showed a tongue mass and he was taken to the operating room where an abscess was found. The bacteriology confirmed actinomycosis of the tongue and Ford rapidly improved after the incision and drainage. This paper will review the clinical course of Gerald Ford’s lingual actinomycosis and will discuss this rare condition.
Implementing a Discharge Opioid Bundle in Adult Trauma Patients Decreases the Amount of Opioids Prescribed at Discharge
Authors: Krebsbach Mackenzie N. , Alexander Kaitlin M. , Miller Jennifer J. , Doll Elizabeth L. , Lee Yann-Leei , Simmons Jon D. 
Published: May 2022

Background Opioids remain the mainstay treatment of acute pain caused by trauma. The lack of evidence driven prescribing creates a challenging situation for providers. We hypothesized that the implementation of a trauma discharge opioid bundle (TDOB) would decrease the total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed at discharge while maintaining pain control. Methods This was a pre-post study of adult trauma patients before and after implementation of a TDOB to guide the prescription of opioids and discharge prescription education in patients discharged from a level one trauma center. The pre-group and post-group, included consecutively discharged patients from September through November in 2018 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total MME prescribed at discharge. Results A total of 377 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifty-one patients were included in the pre-group and 226 in the post-group. The total MME prescribed at discharge (225 ± [150-300] pre vs 200 ± [100-225] post, P = < .001) and maximum MME/day (45 ± [30-45] vs 30 ± [20-45], P = .004) were significantly less in the post-group. Incidence of outpatient refills within fourteen days were similar. More non-opioid pain adjuncts were prescribed post-intervention and discharge pain education was provided more frequently. Conclusion The implementation of a TDOB significantly reduced the MME prescribed at discharge without increasing the number of opioid refills.
The effect of an occlusion-induced delay on braking behavior in critical situations: A driving simulator study
Authors: de Winter Joost C F , Saffarian Mehdi , Senders John W 
Published: May 2022

Objective To share results of an experiment that used visual occlusion for a new purpose: inducing a waiting time. Background Senders was a leading figure in human factors. In his research on the visual demands of driving, he used occlusion techniques. Methods In a simulator experiment, we examined how drivers brake for different levels of urgency and different visual conditions. In three blocks (1 = brake lights, 2 = no brake lights, 3 = occlusion), drivers followed a vehicle at 13.4 or 33.4 m distance. At certain moments, the lead vehicle decelerated moderately (1.7 m/s2) or strongly (6.5 m/s2). In the occlusion condition, the screens blanked for 0.4 s (if 6.5 m/s2) or 2.0 s (if 1.7 m/s2) when the lead vehicle started to decelerate. Participants were instructed to brake only after the occlusion ended. Results The lack of brake lights caused a delayed response. In the occlusion condition, drivers adapted to the instructed late braking by braking harder. However, adaptation was not always possible: In the most urgent condition, most participants collided with the lead vehicle because the ego-vehicle’s deceleration limits were reached. In non-urgent conditions, some drivers braked unnecessarily hard. Furthermore, while waiting until the occlusion cleared, some drivers lightly touched the brake pedal. Conclusion This experimental design demonstrates how drivers (sometimes fail to) adjust their braking behavior to the criticality of the situation. Application The phenomena of biomechanical readiness and (inappropriate) dosing of the brake pedal may be relevant to safety, traffic flow, and ADAS design.
Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , de Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte 
Published: May 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed more than six million direct deaths. Low-and middle-income countries, such Brazil, were severely hit, not only due to direct effects on mortality, but also for its indirect effects on other causes of deaths. Aims: The objective of this study was to estimate the excess suicides in Brazil and evaluate patterns within and between its regions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Method: The observed suicides are gathered from the mortality information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The estimates of expected suicides, according to sex, age group, bimonthly period and region, were reached through quasi-Poisson generalized additive models, with adjustment for overdispersion. The analyses were performed in R software, version 3.6.1 and RStudio, version 1.2.1335. Results: From March 2020 to December 2020, 10,409 suicides were observed in Brazil, resulting in an overall decrease of 13%, in comparison to the expected rate for the period. There were excess suicides of 26% in men from the Northern region in the 60 years and more age group, as well as in women from the Northern region in the 30 to 59 years age group in two consecutive bimonthly periods. Excess suicides of 40% was also observed in women in the 60 years and more age group from the Northeastern region. Conclusions: Despite the overall decrease in suicides in Brazil over the period assessed, substantial excess suicides were observed in different age groups and sexes from the Northern and Northeastern regions of the country, which are regions that are historically more prone to health and socioeconomic inequalities.
Use of the CytoSorb® filter for elimination of residual therapeutic argatroban concentrations during heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass for heart transplantation
Authors: Koster Andreas , Warkentin Helmuth , von Dossow Vera , Morshuis Michiel 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: No antidote or established extracorporeal elimination strategy is available for argatroban. Hemadsorption facilitates elimination of smaller drugs. Case Report: A 34-year-old patient underwent urgent heart transplantation. Because of a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, preoperative anticoagulation was performed with argatroban. Despite ceasing of the continuous infusion of argatroban 2 h before surgery, concentration only declined from 0.60 μg/ml to 0.58 μg/ml before surgery, and the activated clotting time (ACT) value shortly was 223 s. Microvascular bleeding had been observed when starting surgery. A CytoSorb® absorption column was integrated into the system of the heparin-anticoagulated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit and a flow of 400 mL/min provided during the 2 h of extracorporeal circulation. The argatroban concentration after weaning from CPB was 0.04 μg/ml and satisfying hemostasis had been achieved after protamine administration. Conclusion: Data indicate that the CytoSorb® absorption column might be an effective tool for quick extracorporeal removal of therapeutic concentrations of argatroban.