bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive genomic characterization of cotton cationic amino acid transporter genes reveals that GhCAT10D regulates salt tolerance
Authors: Chen Xiugui , Wu Zhe , Yin Zujun , Zhang Yuexin , Rui Cun , Wang Jing , Malik Waqar Afzal , Lu Xuke , Wang Delong , Wang Junjuan , Guo Lixue , Wang Shuai , Zhao Lanjie , Zebinisso Qaraevna Bobokhonova , Chen Chao , Wang Xiuping , Ye Wuwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) play indispensable roles in maintaining metabolic functions, such as synthesis of proteins and nitric oxide (NO), biosynthesis of polyamine, and flow of amino acids, by mediating the bidirectional transport of cationic amino acids in plant cells.

Results
In this study, we performed a genome-wide and comprehensive study of 79 CAT genes in four species of cotton. Localization of genes revealed that CAT genes reside on the plasma membrane. Seventy-nine CAT genes were grouped into 7 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Structure analysis of genes showed that CAT genes from the same subgroup have similar genetic structure and exon number. RNA-seq and real-time PCR indicated that the expression of most GhCAT genes were induced by salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. Cis-elements analysis of GhCAT promoters showed that the GhCAT genes promoters mainly contained plant hormones responsive elements and abiotic stress elements, which indicated that GhCAT genes may play key roles in response to abiotic stress. Moreover, we also conducted gene interaction network of the GhCAT proteins. Silencing GhCAT10D expression decreased the resistance of cotton to salt stress because of a decrease in the accumulation of NO and proline.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that CAT genes might be related with salt tolerance in cotton and lay a foundation for further study on the regulation mechanism of CAT genes in cationic amino acids transporting and distribution responsing to abiotic stress.
Factors associated with EMS on-scene time and its regional difference in road traffic injuries: a population-based observational study
Authors: Ito Shingo , Asai Hideki , Kawai Yasuyuki , Suto Shunji , Ohta Sachiko , Fukushima Hidetada 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outcome of road traffic injury (RTI) is determined by duration of prehospital time, patient’s demographics, and the type of injury and its mechanism. During the emergency medical service (EMS) prehospital time interval, on-scene time should be minimized for early treatment. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing on-scene EMS time among RTI patients.MethodsWe evaluated 19,141 cases of traffic trauma recorded between April 2014 and March 2020 in the EMS database of the Nara Wide Area Fire Department and the prehospital database of the emergency Medical Alliance for Total Coordination of Healthcare (e-MATCH). To examine the association of the number of EMS phone calls until hospital acceptance, age ≥65 years, high-risk injury, vital signs, holiday, and nighttime (0:00–8:00) with on-scene time, a generalized linear mixed model with random effects for four study regions was conducted.ResultsEMS phone calls were the biggest factor, accounting for 5.69 minutes per call, and high-risk injury accounted for an additional 2.78 minutes. Holiday, nighttime, and age ≥65 years were also associated with increased on-scene time, but there were no significant vital sign variables for on-scene time, except for the level of consciousness. Regional differences were also noted based on random effects, with a maximum difference of 2 minutes among regions.ConclusionsThe number of EMS phone calls until hospital acceptance was the most significant influencing factor in reducing on-scene time, and high-risk injury accounted for up to an additional 2.78 minutes. Considering these factors, including regional differences, can help improve the regional EMS policies and outcomes of RTI patients.
Elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are independently associated with the onset of advanced chronic kidney disease: a cohort study of 911,360 individuals from the United Kingdom
Authors: Weldegiorgis Misghina , Woodward Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Increased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, are established risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; but their impact on the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. This study evaluates the association between the different lipid profiles and the onset of advanced CKD using a general population sample.

Methods
This observational study used records of 911,360 individuals from the English Clinical Practice Research Datalink (from 2000 to 2014), linked to coded hospital discharges and mortality registrations. Cox models were used to examine the independent association between the equal quarters of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C and the risk of advanced CKD, after adjustment for sex and age, and potential effect mediators.

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 11,825 individuals developed CKD stages 4–5. After adjustment for sex and age, the hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD stages 4–5 comparing the 4th vs. 1st quarters of TG and 1st vs. 4th quarters of HDL-C were 2.69 (95% CI, 2.49–2.90) and 2.61 (95% CI, 2.42–2.80), respectively. Additional adjustment for potential effect mediators reduced the HRs to 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15–1.43), and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.14–1.41), respectively. There was no evidence of fully adjusted associations with CKD stages 4–5 for levels of either TC or LDL-C.

Conclusions
Elevated TG and reduced HDL-C levels are independently associated with the onset of advanced CKD. Future studies, such as in basic science and randomized trials, are needed to understand whether associations between TG and HDL-C and the development of CKD are causal.
In-hospital clinical outcomes in diffusion weighted imaging-negative stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Feng Xueyan , Wang Chuanying , Hao Yahui , Wang Shang , Xiong Yunyun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to investigate whether negative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is related to the in-hospital clinical outcomes for ischemic stroke patients with intravenous tissues plasminogen activator (IV tPA).

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients who received IV tPA therapy within 4.5 hours from symptoms onset. The classification of DWI-positive or negative was based on post-IV tPA MR scan. Demographic factors, stroke characteristics, imaging information, and the in-hospital clinical outcomes including early neurological improvement (ENI) and favourable functional outcome were collected. Multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test whether negative DWI imaging was an independent predictor of the in-hospital clinical outcomes.

Results
In the final study population, 437 patients treated with IV tPA were included and 12.36% of them had negative DWI imaging at the first MR scan post IV tPA. In the DWI-negative group, 51.9% (28/54) of the patients achieved ENI at 24 hours and 74.1% (40/54) of the patients achieved favourable clinical outcome at discharge. DWI-negative was not related to ENI (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.17–4.91) or favourable clinical outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 0.48–11.95). Additional sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusion
DWI-negative is not associated with ENI or favourable functional outcome at discharge.
Flagellin synergistically enhances anti-tumor effect of EGFRvIII peptide in a glioblastoma-bearing mouse brain tumor model
Authors: Choi Jin Myung , Lim Sa-Hoe , Liu Zhi-Peng , Lee Tae Kyu , Rhee Joon Haeng , Yoon Mee Sun , Min Jung-Joon , Jung Shin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with heterogeneity and strong invasive ability. Treatment of GBM has not improved significantly despite the progress of immunotherapy and classical therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), one of GBM-associated mutants, is regarded as an ideal therapeutic target in EGFRvIII-expressed GBM patients because it is a tumor-specific receptor expressed only in tumors. Flagellin B (FlaB) originated from Vibrio vulnificus, is known as a strong adjuvant that enhances innate and adaptive immunity in various vaccine models. This study investigated whether FlaB synergistically could enhance the anti-tumor effect of EGFRvIII peptide (PEGFRvIII).

Methods
EGFRvIII-GL261/Fluc cells were used for glioblastoma-bearing mouse brain model. Cell-bearing mice were inoculated with PBS, FlaB alone, PEGFRvIII alone, and PEGFRvIII plus FlaB. Tumor growth based on MRI and the survival rate was investigated. T cell population was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Both cleaved caspase-3 and CD8 + lymphocytes were shown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Results
The PEGFRvIII plus FlaB group showed delayed tumor growth and increased survival rate when compared to other treatment groups. As evidence of apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 expression and DNA disruption were more increased in the PEGFRvIII plus FlaB group than in other groups. In addition, the PEGFRvIII plus FlaB group showed more increased CD8 + T cells and decreased Treg cells than other treatment groups in the brain.

Conclusions
FlaB can enhance the anti-tumor effect of PEGFRvIII by increasing CD8 + T cell response in a mouse brain GBM model.
How Covid-19 changed the epidemiology of febrile urinary tract infections in children in the emergency department during the first outbreak
Authors: Cesca Laura , Conversano Ester , Vianello Federica Alessandra , Martelli Laura , Gualeni Chiara , Bassani Francesca , Brugnara Milena , Rubin Giulia , Parolin Mattia , Anselmi Mauro , Marchiori Mara , Vergine Gianluca , Miorin Elisabetta , Vidal Enrico , Milocco Cristina , Orsi Cecilia , Puccio Giuseppe , Peruzzi Licia , Montini Giovanni , Dall’Amico Roberto ,   on the behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology (SINePe)
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The first Covid-19 pandemic affected the epidemiology of several diseases. A general reduction in the emergency department (ED) accesses was observed during this period, both in adult and pediatric contexts.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on the behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology (SINePe) in 17 Italian pediatric EDs in March and April 2020, comparing them with data from the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The total number of pediatric (age 0–18 years) ED visits, the number of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnoses, and clinical and laboratory parameters were retrospectively collected.

Results
The total number of febrile UTI diagnoses was 339 (73 in 2020, 140 in 2019, and 126 in 2018). During the first Covid-19 pandemic, the total number of ED visits decreased by 75.1%, the total number of febrile UTI diagnoses by 45.1%, with an increase in the UTI diagnosis rate (+ 121.7%). The data collected revealed an increased rate of patients with two or more days of fever before admission (p = 0.02), a significant increase in hospitalization rate (+ 17.5%, p = 0.008) and also in values of C reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.006). In 2020, intravenous antibiotics use was significantly higher than in 2018 and 2019 (+ 15%, p = 0.025). Urine cultures showed higher Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis percentages and lower rates of Escherichia coli (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic had an essential impact on managing febrile UTIs in the ED, causing an absolute reduction of cases referring to the ED but with higher clinical severity. Children with febrile UTI were more severely ill than the previous two years, probably due to delayed access caused by the fear of potential hospital-acquired Sars-Cov-2 infection. The possible increase in consequent kidney scarring in this population should be considered.
European birth cohorts: a consideration of what they have addressed so far
Authors: Pandolfini Chiara , Campi Rita , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowing the research issues addressed by other cohorts when setting up new cohorts allows researchers to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts, while permitting collaborations, including data merging data, to better tackle knowledge gaps. This study describes the topics addressed by European birth cohorts, the interaction between these cohort interests and aims, and describes the scientific publications deriving from the cohorts.MethodsA previous study found 66 pregnancy and 45 birth cohorts in Europe. In this study, between August and October 2020, the predominant key areas addressed by the 45 birth cohorts identified in the previous study were evaluated, as were the publications found in PubMed that were associated with the 45 cohorts. A network analysis was performed to show the connections between the 13 key areas identified. A focus on a topic in common between two areas was provided, describing the related publications.ResultsA total of 1512 references were found in PubMed (148 publications per cohort). Thirteen predominant key areas were identified, the most common of which was “Environmental” (addressed by 20 cohorts). The Environmental, Genes, and Lifestyle exposure areas were the prevalent topics characterizing the network figure. The Environmental area had the largest number of interactions with the other areas, while the Prematurity area (4 cohorts) the least. The focus provided on smoking led to the comparison of 35 publications from the Environmental group of cohorts and 22 from the Prematurity group, but their objectives did not overlap.ConclusionsThe results of this descriptive study show that the environment is a priority research area for cohorts in Europe and that cohorts with different research areas may have study issues in common, but may approach them from different viewpoints. Birth cohorts have wide-ranging aims and it would be almost impossible, and undesirable, to have perfectly overlapping and comparable objectives, but joining efforts would permit maximum use of available resources.
Brain connectomes in youth at risk for serious mental illness: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Metzak Paul D. , Shakeel Mohammed K. , Long Xiangyu , Lasby Mike , Souza Roberto , Bray Signe , Goldstein Benjamin I. , MacQueen Glenda , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Addington Jean , Lebel Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying early biomarkers of serious mental illness (SMI)—such as changes in brain structure and function—can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. Whole brain structural and functional connectomes were investigated in youth at risk for SMI.

Methods
Participants were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 33), familial risk for serious mental illness (stage 0; n = 31), mild symptoms (stage 1a; n = 37), attenuated syndromes (stage 1b; n = 61), or discrete disorder (transition; n = 9) based on clinical assessments. Imaging data was collected from two sites. Graph-theory based analysis was performed on the connectivity matrix constructed from whole-brain white matter fibers derived from constrained spherical deconvolution of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans, and from the correlations between brain regions measured with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.

Results
Linear mixed effects analysis and analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences between groups in global or nodal metrics after correction for multiple comparisons. A follow up machine learning analysis broadly supported the findings. Several non-overlapping frontal and temporal network differences were identified in the structural and functional connectomes before corrections.

Conclusions
Results suggest significant brain connectome changes in youth at transdiagnostic risk may not be evident before illness onset.
Personality traits and hardiness as risk- and protective factors for mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Norwegian two-wave study
Authors: Lassen Espen Rasmussen , Hagen Kristen , Kvale Gerd , Eid Jarle , Le Hellard Stephanie , Solem Stian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Several risk factors for anxious-depressive symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic have been established. However, few studies have examined the relationship between personality traits, hardiness, and such symptomatology during the pandemic. These constructs might serve as risk- and/or protective factors for such mental distress through the pandemic.

Methods
A sample of 5783 Norwegians responded to a survey at two time points within the first year of the pandemic. The first data collection was in April 2020 (T1) and the second in December 2020 (T2). Measures included the Ten-Item Personality-Inventory, the Revised Norwegian Dispositional Resilience Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlations, multiple linear regression, and a moderation analysis.

Results
Anxious-depressive symptomatology in early phases (T1) of the pandemic was the strongest predictor for the presence of such symptomatology 9 months after the outbreak (T2). Personality and hardiness correlated significantly with mental distress at T1 and T2. Personality traits explained 5% variance in symptoms when controlling for age, gender, solitary living, negative economic impact, and mental distress at baseline. Higher neuroticism predicted higher mental distress, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion predicted less mental distress. Hardiness did not explain variance in outcome beyond personality traits. Hardiness did not significantly moderate the relationship between neuroticism and mental distress.

Conclusion
Individuals with high levels of neuroticism had greater difficulties adapting to the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and were more prone to mental distress. Contrastingly, higher conscientiousness and extraversion may have served as protective factors for mental distress during the pandemic. The current findings might aid identification of vulnerable individuals and groups. Consequently, preventive interventions could be offered to those who need it the most.
Guiding organisational decision-making about COVID-19 asymptomatic testing in workplaces: mixed-method study to inform an ethical framework
Authors: van der Scheer Jan W. , Ansari Akbar , McLaughlin Meredith , Cox Caitríona , Liddell Kathleen , Burt Jenni , George Jenny , Kenny Rebecca , Cousens Ruth , Leach Brandi , McGowan James , Morley Katherine , Willars Janet , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Workplace programmes to test staff for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection have become common, but raise a number of ethical challenges. In this article, we report the findings of a consultation that informed the development of an ethical framework for organisational decision-making about such programmes.

Methods
We conducted a mixed-method consultation – a survey and semi-structured interviews during November–December 2020 in a UK case study organisation that had introduced asymptomatic testing for all staff working on-site in its buildings. Analysis of closed-ended survey data was conducted descriptively. An analysis approach based on the Framework Method was used for the open-ended survey responses and interview data. The analyses were then integrated to facilitate systematic analysis across themes. Inferences were based on the integrated findings and combined with other inputs (literature review, ethical analysis, legal and public health guidance, expert discussions) to develop an ethical framework.

Results
The consultation involved 61 staff members from the case study organisation (50 survey respondents and 11 interview participants). There was strong support for the asymptomatic testing programme: 90% of the survey respondents viewed it as helpful or very helpful. Open-ended survey responses and interviews gave insight into participants’ concerns, including those relating to goal drift, risk of false negatives, and potential negative impacts for household members and people whose roles lacked contractual and financial stability. Integration of the consultation findings and the other inputs identified the importance of a whole-system approach with appropriate support for the key control measure of isolation following positive tests. The need to build trust in the testing programme, for example through effective communication from leaders, was also emphasised.

Conclusions
The consultation, together with other inputs, informed an ethical framework intended to support employers. The framework may support organisational decision-making in areas ranging from design and operation of the programme through to choices about participation. The framework is likely to benefit from further consultation and refinement in new settings.
Interaction of sleep duration and depression on cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jin Bowen , Zhang Hang , Song Fuchun , Wu Guangjun , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the interaction of sleep duration and depression on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
A total of 13,488 eligible participants were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study eventually. Baseline characteristics were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, including age, sex, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB) etc. Univariate and multivariate negative binomial regression models were carried out to assess the statistical correlation of sleep duration and depression on CVD separately. Additionally, multivariate negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the interaction of sleep duration and depression on CVD risk.

Results
After adjusting for age, sex, educational background, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, the use of hypnotics, disability, nap, drinking, deposit, sleep disturbance, HDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol, GLU and GHB, the risk of CVD in participants with the short sleep duration was increased in comparison with the normal sleep duration [relative risk (RR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.01-1.03]; compared to the participants with non-depression, participants suffered from depression had an increased risk of CVD (RR=1.05, 95%CI:1.04-1.06). Additionally, the result also suggested that the interaction between short sleep duration and depression on the risk of CVD was statistically significant in these patients with diabetes and was a multiplicative interaction.

Conclusion
An interaction between short sleep duration and depression in relation to an increased risk of CVD among Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals was noticed, which may provide a reference that people with diabetes should focus on their sleep duration and the occurrence of depression, and coexisting short sleep duration and depression may expose them to a higher risk of CVD.