bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effect of ultrasound and microwave on the functional properties and in vitro digestibility of normal maize starch and potato starch
Authors: Zhou Yihan , Wang Meng , Wang Luyu , Liu Lingling , Wu Yanwen , Ouyang Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effects of ultrasound and microwave, single or dual treatments, on the functional and in vitro digestive properties of normal maize starch and potato starch. The solubility, water and oil absorption capacity, and the freeze–thaw stability of both starches increased after treatment, and these functional properties of potato starch negatively correlated with relative crystallinity and positively correlated with damaged starch content. Meanwhile, the dual modification sequence showed a significant effect on the solubility, syneresis, and in vitro digestibility of potato starch. Under the single treatment of microwave, the content of resistant starch increased while that of rapidly digestible starch decreased, which might be due to the formation of the amylose–lipid complex by microwave treatment. However, the ultrasound treatment and dual treatment increased the starch digestibility, probably due to the loosening of the internal structure of starch by ultrasound. The utilization of dual ultrasound and microwave modification showed a prospective industrial application in the modification of starch.Practical applicationsUltrasound and microwave treatment, single or dual, have been widely used to study their effects on the physicochemical properties of starch. However, there is little information on the comparison of functional properties and in vitro digestibility of maize starch (A‐type crystalline) and potato starch (B‐type) by dual modification of ultrasound and microwave. The results showed that the functional properties of both starches improved after treatment, and the dual modification sequence showed a significant effect. The in vitro digestibility of starch decreased after microwave treatment, but increased after ultrasound treatment and dual treatment. We believe that the food industry can utilize the results of this study in the modification of starch with specific functional properties.
Shareholder litigation and toxic releases
Authors: Do Trung K. , Vo Xuan Vinh , Le Tuan‐Vinh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine the environmental impact of the staggered adoption of universal demand laws by 23 U.S. states between 1989 and 2005. Universal demand laws impede derivative lawsuits and thus undermine shareholder oversight of corporate environmental performance. We find that weakened litigation rights for shareholders are positively associated with the release of toxic chemicals by firms. The effect is stronger for firms with weak governance, and environmental mismanagement by firms after the passage of the laws lead to poorer financial performance. Overall, our findings imply that derivative lawsuits by shareholders are not frivolous, as is often asserted. Rather, they act as an effective mechanism of corporate governance.
Caregiver knowledge of obstructive sleep apnoea in Down syndrome
Authors: Giménez S. , Tapia I. E. , Fortea J. , Levedowski D. , Osorio R. , Hendrix J. , Hillerstrom H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) population has a very high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but this remains underdiagnosed. Hence, we aimed to evaluate caregiver's knowledge of OSA and related sociodemographic factors that could contribute to OSA screening patterns in this population.MethodsAn online survey though the LuMind IDSC Foundation focused on OSA diagnosis, treatments and the number of sleep studies performed. Data were compared between subjects born before and after the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for OSA screening.ResultsOf the caregivers, 724 (parents 96.3%), responded to the survey. The median [interquartile (IQR)] age of the subjects with DS was 12 [20;7] years. The majority (84.3%) had sleep apnoea diagnosis, and half of them were initially referred for a sleep study due to disturbed sleep symptoms. Only 58.7% of the responders were aware of the AAP recommendations. This was linked to higher socioeconomic and/or educational level and to an earlier OSA diagnosis. The median (IQR) age of OSA diagnosis was lowered after the AAP guidelines publication compared with before its publication (3 [4;2] years vs. 10 [18;5] years, P < 0.000). Adenotonsillectomy (81.9%) and continuous positive airway pressure (61.5%) were the most commonly prescribed treatments. Few had discussed other new therapies such as hypoglossal nerve stimulation (16.0%). Only 16.0% of the subjects repeated the sleep study to monitor OSA with ageing, and 30.2% had to wait more than 4 years between studies.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the need to improve OSA knowledge of caregivers and clinicians of individuals with DS to promote an earlier diagnosis and optimal treatment of OSA in this population.
Are health insurers in multiple lines of business less profitable? An examination of scope economies in health insurance
Authors: Born Patricia , Cook Amanda , Sirmans Tice , Yang Charles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn markets where companies can offer multiple products or services, production costs may decline, and profitability may increase as business scope expands. Using a sample of health insurers from 2015 to 2018 with data reported in the annual NAIC Supplemental Health Care Exhibit, we test whether scope economies exist among health insurers. We evaluate the relationship between scope and four profitability metrics—the medical loss ratio, the expense ratio, the underwriting profit ratio, and a profit efficiency measure obtained using a data envelopment analysis technique. We test two competing hypotheses from prior literature on scope economies in insurance. The strategic focus hypothesis states performance is higher for insurers that specialize in one line of business. The conglomeration hypothesis states performance is higher for insurers that operate in multiple lines of business. Our results provide evidence in support of the strategic focus hypothesis among US health insurers.
Expanding the Horizontal Call: A Typology of Social Influence on the Call to Ministry
Authors: Johnston Erin , Eagle David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research examines the social actors and interactions that facilitate seminary students' sense of calling. Drawing from 36 in‐depth interviews with first year Masters of Divinity students, we introduce six ideal typical social others who play a formative role in the early stages of a call to ministry: instigators, exemplars, interpreters, affirmers, challengers, and codiscerners. Together, these findings demonstrate that the call to ministry, while deeply personal, emerges through social interactions that facilitate and make plausible a person's sense of calling and that sustain it over time. Extending Richard Pitt's conceptualization of the “horizontal call,” this paper argues that social others help evoke and solidify—not merely legitimate—a personal sense of call. This research also highlights differences in the social structuring of call by gender. Despite considerable gains in the ordination of women, we find that many still face obstacles to experiencing and embracing a call to ministry.
The effectiveness of video training in improving intensive care nurses' knowledge about brain death identification
Authors: Deniz İsmail , Ayhan Hatice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBecause patients diagnosed with brain death in intensive care units constitute a potential cadaveric donor group for organ transplantation, intensive care units are potential donor sources. Nurses who closely monitor the patient collaborate with medical personnel in the recognition and early diagnosis of brain death. Nurses also have an important role in supporting the patient's family. Therefore, it is very important for nurses to know the diagnostic criteria for brain death.AimThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of theoretical education and video‐assisted education in equipping intensive care nurses to recognize brain death.Study DesignA randomized, experimental study was conducted between February and May 2020 with a total of 50 intensive care nurses, split into 25 in the video‐assisted training group and 25 in the theoretical training group. In study, intensive care nurses were given a theoretical training and video‐assisted training on brain death criteria. One group was trained theoretically and the other group used a video showing criteria for brainstem reflexes (pupil assessment, spontaneous breathing, corneal reflex, retching and coughing assessments) and deep tendon reflexes in a simulated patient, supported by animation. The data were collected before, immediately after and 3 months after the training using the Brain Death Criteria Knowledge Test, the Brain Death Case Test, and the Training Effectiveness Evaluation Form. The independent samples t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi‐square test were used for statistical analysis of data.ResultsIt was found that the knowledge scores of both groups immediately after training and 3 months after training were higher than before the training (p < .001). However, the post‐training knowledge scores of the video‐assisted training group were significantly higher than those of the theoretical training group (p = .011).ConclusionsTo enable intensive care nurses to identify brain death, video‐assisted training with a simulated patient is recommended, as is repeating the training at regular intervals.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe simulated patient video‐assisted training method can be used for in‐service training to provide intensive care nurses with the ability to identify brain death. The training may be repeated at regular intervals (e.g., every 3 months) to increase nurse recall.
Direct nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon exchanges between Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophyte’ fungi and a flowering plant in novel monoxenic cultures
Authors: Hoysted Grace A. , Field Katie J. , Sinanaj Besiana , Bell Christopher A. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Pressel Silvia 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Most plants form mycorrhizal associations with mutualistic soil fungi. Through these partnerships, resources are exchanged including photosynthetically fixed carbon for fungal‐acquired nutrients. Recently, it was shown that the diversity of associated fungi is greater than previously assumed, extending to Mucoromycotina fungi. These Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophytes’ (MFRE) are widespread and generally co‐colonise plant roots together with Glomeromycotina ‘coarse’ arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Until now, this co‐occurrence has hindered the determination of the direct function of MFRE symbiosis.

To overcome this major barrier, we developed new techniques for fungal isolation and culture and established the first monoxenic in vitro cultures of MFRE colonising a flowering plant, clover. Using radio‐ and stable‐isotope tracers in these in vitro systems, we measured the transfer of 33P, 15N and 14C between MFRE hyphae and the host plant.

Our results provide the first unequivocal evidence that MFRE fungi are nutritional mutualists with a flowering plant by showing that clover gained both 15N and 33P tracers directly from fungus in exchange for plant‐fixed C in the absence of other micro‐organisms.

Our findings and methods pave the way for a new era in mycorrhizal research, firmly establishing MFRE as both mycorrhizal and functionally important in terrestrial ecosystems.
Scan of physical activity policy actions in Europe: Lessons learned from populating the MOVING database
Authors: Oldridge‐Turner Kate , Kokkorou Margarita , Vlad Ioana , Klepp Knut‐Inge , Rutter Harry , Helleve Arnfinn , Fanian Diva , Sing Fiona , O'Mara Jennifer , Mitrou Giota , Wiseman Martin , Allen Kate 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAdequate levels of physical activity are important for population health. Policy databases can track, monitor, and compare the development and implementation of physical activity policy actions and are populated by different methods. The new MOVING database, developed through the Confronting Obesity: Co‐creating Policy with Youth (CO‐CREATE) project, collates governmental policy actions designed to increase physical activity and is populated by an in‐depth scan of implemented national policy actions.This paper presents lessons learned from conducting the policy scan across 27 European countries. Policy actions were identified using a structured search protocol from preselected sources, assessed against pre‐specified inclusion criteria and verified by an in‐country expert. 625 eligible national implemented policy actions were identified.Challenges included policy actions falling out of scope, a lack of available information on policy actions, difficulty in identifying policy actions using specific search terms, and increased resource requirements for translation of policy actions into English. The scan indicated improvements, which informed protocol modifications.Identifying the challenges and opportunities around conducting a policy scan is necessary to understand and assess the reliability, validity, and utility of a policy database. The policy scan will help to deliver a comprehensive picture of physical activity policy actions across Europe.
Tablet‐based ‘ON/OFF’ pathway test can distinguish between rod‐ and cone‐dominated diseases
Authors: Hathibelagal Amithavikram R. , Bhutia Phuntsok , Das Mritunjoy , Babu Helna , Jalali Subhadra , Takkar Brijesh , Paremeswarappa Deepika C. , Ballae Ganeshrao Shonraj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe photopic ON pathway defect is associated with nocturnal vision loss. However, the measurement of ON function to detect a rod‐dominated disease (rods affected more than cones) has not been explored. We evaluated whether the psychophysical evaluation of ON/OFF pathways can be used to distinguish cone‐dominated from rod‐dominated diseases.MethodsThirty‐seven patients with inherited retinal diseases were tested using the ‘EyeSpeed’ [iOS application] on an iPad. The test displayed a random number (1–3) of light or dark targets on a black‐and‐white noise background. Participants responded on a touch screen indicating the correct number of targets displayed. The outcome variables—reaction time, accuracy and performance index (speed [1/reaction time] * accuracy) to both light and dark targets were assessed for diagnostic ability using standard receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsMean ± standard deviation age and visual acuity for the cone‐ and rod‐dominated groups were 25.15 ± 11.74 years, 0.80 ± 0.25 logMAR and 28.3 ± 14.29 years, 0.48 ± 0.26 logMAR, respectively. The median reaction time to light targets in rod‐dominated disease [interquartile range] was 5.28 s [3.17], significantly greater than for patients with cone‐dominated disease (2.07 s [0.93]; Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001). Amongst all of the outcome variables evaluated, the reaction time to light targets (criterion of ≥2.98 s) exhibited the highest area under the ROC curve (area = 0.89 ± 0.11; p < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 82.4% and 85% respectively.ConclusionsReaction time to light targets using the ON/OFF pathway paradigm is a valid marker to differentiate between rod‐ and cone‐dominated retinal dystrophies. ON pathway function measured using a tablet‐based test could act as a supplemental test in the diagnosis of challenging photoreceptor‐specific inherited retinal diseases.
Complex Functional Posttraumatic Shoulder Reconstruction Using Shoulder Arthroplasty and a Pedicled Innervated Latissimus Dorsi Flap—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bota Olimpiu , Dragu Adrian , Bönke Florian , Tille Eric , Taqatqeh Feras , Nowotny Jörg 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe shoulder joint is one of the most freely movable joints in the human body and has therefore high importance for upper limb functionality. Several techniques have been developed to replace the glenohumeral joint including humeral hemiarthroplasty, anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, depending on the underlying pathology. For the soft tissue reconstruction, the innervated latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a reliable solution flap in shoulder and arm reconstruction.Case presentationWe present the case of a 16‐year‐old male patient with a complete destruction of the shoulder joint and soft tissues after ballistic trauma. We performed the reconstruction of the shoulder joint using a humeral hemiarthroplasty with a mesh fixation to the remaining glenoid. The soft tissue coverage and the restoration of the deltoid muscle function were insured with a pedicled innervated latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. One year postoperatively, the patient showed a good function of the shoulder joint with an excellent aesthetical result and no pain.ConclusionThe pedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap can safely restore the shoulder function, while the humeral hemiarthroplasty with mesh fixation can be a reliable solution for the reconstruction of a completely destructed shoulder joint.
Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Intra‐articular Injection after Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao BeiNi , Pan YunLong , Zhang Zhong , Yu ZePing , Li Jian , Fu WeiLi 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveHyaluronic acid (HA) intra‐articular injection after arthroscopic knee surgery has been widely applied but its efficacy and safety remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the efficacy and safety of HA intra‐articular injection after arthroscopic knee surgery, and to compare the efficacy of HA with different molecular weights.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Google scholar and the Cochrane library from inception to 16 September 2022 for English‐written articles, in order to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the clinical efficacy and/or safety of HA intra‐articular injection after arthroscopic knee surgery. Then we meta‐analyzed the outcomes of patients given intra‐articular HA injections postoperatively and control patients. We also evaluated the influence of HA with different molecular weights. In every calculation, sensitive analysis was performed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and adverse events were selected as the primary outcome measurements, while Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner score were selected as the secondary outcome measurements. Publication bias of every outcome was evaluated using egger test.ResultsFifteen studies involving 951 knees were included and 12 of them were used to performed the meta‐analysis. The results showed no significant difference between the HA group and control group according to VAS, whether assessed at less (P = 0.90) or more than 6 months (P = 0.55). Besides, there were no statistical differences between the HA group and control group according to subgroup analysis (Ps = 0.77, 0.91 and 0.81 in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, meniscectomy and overall groups, respectively). Compared to control group, the overall effect of WOMAC score showed no significant differences (P = 0.25), nor did in two subgroups (P = 0.37 and P = 0.22). Outcomes measured by Lysholm (P = 0.13), IKDC (P = 0.86) and Tegner (P = 0.42) scores showed no significant differences, either. The analysis of the risk of adverse events indicated no increase in HA groups (P = 0.06). We found no significant differences between high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight HA at 6 (P = 0.96) or 12 months (P = 0.93) postoperatively. Two studies failed to pass the sensitive analysis and the reasons were discussed detailly and acceptable publication bias was observed.ConclusionsAlthough HA injection after arthroscopic knee surgery is safe, the available evidence does not support its efficacy in pain relief and functional recovery. Therefore, the application of HA injection after arthroscopic knee surgery is not recommended.
Genetically engineered multicistronic allele of Pmel yielding highly specific CreERT2‐mediated recombination in the melanocyte lineage
Authors: Wilkinson Emma L. , Brennan Louise C. , Harrison Olivia J. , Crane‐Smith Zoe , Gautier Philippe , Keighren Margaret A. , Budd Peter , Swaminathan Karthic , Machesky Laura M. , Allinson Sarah L. , Jackson Ian J. , Mort Richard L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenetic approaches that allow lineage tracing are essential to our future understanding of melanocytes and melanoma. To date, the approaches used to label melanocytes in mice have relied on random integration of transgenes driven by the promoters of the Tyrosinase and Dopachrome tautomerase genes, knock‐in to the Dopachrome tautomerase locus or knock‐in to the Mlana locus in a bacterial artificial chromosome. These strategies result in expression in other tissues such as telencephalon and other cell types such as nerves. Here we used homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells to generate a targeted multicistronic allele of the Pmel locus that drives melanocyte‐specific expression of CreERT2, nuclear localised H2B‐Cerulean and membrane localised marcks‐mKate2 allowing live imaging of melanocytes and activation of other conditional alleles. We combined this allele with R26R‐EYFP mice allowing induction of EYFP expression on administration of tamoxifen or its metabolite 4‐OHT. The fluorescent proteins H2B‐Cerulean and marcks‐mKate2 label the cell nucleus and plasma membrane respectively allowing live imaging and FACS isolation of melanoblasts and melanocytes as well as serving to provide an internal control allowing estimation of recombination efficiency after administration of tamoxifen. We demonstrate the utility of the transgene in embryonic and adult tissues.
Trigeminal trophic syndrome in a pediatric patient with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Hoover Ezra , Jay Ryan , Witman Patricia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 13‐year‐old girl with a history of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) suffered from progressively worsening facial ulcerations secondary to paresthesia‐induced self‐excoriation. She was diagnosed with trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) induced by DIPG and struggled to heal her lesions in the background of this excoriation disorder. A multidisciplinary approach that included mood disorder management with sertraline and amitriptyline helped diminish paresthesia, improve her quality of life, and promote healing of the ulcers despite the progression of her DIPG. This case highlights the multifactorial complexity of TTS in pediatric patients and the need for successful management strategies.