bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between diabetes mellitus and post‐stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Lee Kang‐Po , Chen Jung‐Sheng , Wang Chih‐Yuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStroke survivors suffer from various physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments. These changes are dynamic and depend on multiple factors, including underlying diseases, baseline brain function and pathology, the site of the stroke and the post‐stroke inflammation, neurogenesis as well as the subsequent remodeling of the neuro‐network. First we review the structural and pathological changes of the brain in stroke survivors with diabetes mellitus, which may lead to post‐stroke cognitive dysfunction. Second, we provide evidence of hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, and their relationship with post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and post‐stroke dementia (PSD). In addition to conventional biomarkers, such as HbA1c, we also provide other novel tools to predict PSCI/PSD, such as glycemic variability, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and gut microbiota. Finally, we attempt to provide some modifying methods for glycemic control, focusing on the prevention of PSCI/PSD.
Illuminating otoliths: New insights for life history of Balistes triggerfishes
Authors: Shervette Virginia R. , Rivera Hernández Jesús M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur understanding of fish life‐history strategies is informed by key biological processes, such as growth, survival/mortality, recruitment and sexual maturation, used to characterize fish stocks (populations). Characterizing the life‐history traits of fish populations requires the application of accurate age estimation for managed species. Grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus and queen triggerfish Balistes vetula are important reef‐associated species for commercial and recreational fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Both species exhibit a unique reproductive strategy for large‐bodied fisheries‐targeted reef fishes in that they are nesting benthic spawners and invest substantial energy in defence and care of their benthic nests and fertilized eggs. Until recently, our understanding of the life‐history strategies of triggerfishes assumed the main method used to obtain age estimates, increments counted from thin sections of the first dorsal spine, provided an accurate characterization of population age‐based parameters. However, results from bomb radiocarbon validation studies on the two Balistes species demonstrated that spines do not provide accurate ages, but sagittal otoliths do. The main goal of the current study was to provide an updated understanding for triggerfish life‐history strategies by using otolith‐based age estimates to characterize population age structure and growth for grey triggerfish and queen triggerfish from waters of the south‐eastern U.S. Atlantic. The current study is the first to report on sex‐specific age and growth information for grey triggerfish using the Δ14C‐validated otolith‐based age estimation method and the results indicate that the previous characterization of Balistes species as exhibiting moderately rapid growth and as relatively short‐lived, based on spine‐derived age estimates, are flawed. Otolith‐based ages indicated that grey triggerfish and queen triggerfish are moderately slow‐growing and long‐lived species, attaining maximum ages of 21 and 40 years, respectively. Management efforts for triggerfishes should evaluate these new insights and incorporate the results of otolith‐based age estimation into future population monitoring efforts.
Superiority of a preparation‐related model for predicting inadequate bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Chen Long , Ren Gui , Luo Hui , Zhang Linhui , Wang Limei , Zhao Jianghai , Zhang Rongchun , Zhang Xiaoying , Kang Xiaoyu , Pan Yanglin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThree models based on patient‐related factors have been developed to predict inadequate bowel preparation (BP). However, the performance of the models seems suboptimal. This study aimed to develop a novel preparation‐related model and compare it with the available patient‐related models.MethodsPatients receiving standard BP were prospectively enrolled from five endoscopic centers. Patient‐related and preparation‐related factors for inadequate BP (defined by segmental Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score < 2) were identified by logistic regression. A preparation‐related model was derived and internally validated in 906 patients. The comparisons of models were assessed by discrimination and calibration. The preparation‐related model was also externally validated.ResultsSeveral patient‐related factors (male and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System score ≥ 3) and preparation‐related factors (drinking‐to‐stool interval ≥ 3 h, preparation‐to‐colonoscopy interval ≥ 6 h, and poor rectal effluent) were found to be independently associated with inadequate BP (all P < 0.05). C‐statistics was 0.81 for the preparation‐related model in the training cohort (n = 604), significantly higher than three available patient‐based models (0.58–0.61). Similar results were observed in the validation cohort (n = 302). Calibration curves showed close agreement in the preparation‐related model (R2 = 0.315 in the training cohort and 0.279 in the validation cohort). The preparation‐related model was externally validated in another 606 patients with C‐index of 0.80.ConclusionsA new preparation‐related model (consisting of drinking‐to‐stool interval ≥ 3 h, preparation‐to‐colonoscopy interval ≥ 6 h, and poor last rectal effluent) was developed and performed better than three available patient‐related models. This easy‐to‐use model may be a useful decision‐support tool on individualized plans in patients undergoing BP.
A comparison of efficacy and safety of potassium‐competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor in gastric acid‐related diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Simadibrata Daniel Martin , Syam Ari Fahrial , Lee Yeong Yeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPotassium‐competitive acid blocker (PCAB) is a recent alternative to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for potent acid suppression. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of PCAB versus PPI in treating gastric acid‐related diseases.MethodsWe searched up to June 5, 2022, for randomized controlled trials of gastric acid‐related diseases that included erosive esophagitis, symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The pooled risk ratio (RR) was evaluated for the efficacy outcome and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) as the safety outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the study findings.ResultsOf the 710 screened studies, 19 studies including 7023 participants were analyzed. The RRs for the healing of erosive esophagitis with Vonoprazan versus PPI were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.14), 1.03 (95% CI 1.00–1.07), and 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.05) in Weeks 2, 4, and 8, respectively. There were no differences in the improvement of GERD symptoms and healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers between PCAB and PPI. The pooled eradication rates of H. pylori were significantly higher in Vonoprazan versus PPI first‐line treatment (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.22). The overall RR of TEAEs with Vonoprazan versus PPI was 1.08 (95% CI 0.89–1.31). Overall, the risk of bias was low to some concerns. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the study's conclusion.ConclusionVonoprazan is superior to PPI in first‐line H. pylori eradication and erosive esophagitis but non‐inferior in other gastric acid‐related diseases. Likewise, short‐term safety is comparable in both treatment groups.
Design and development of tranexamic acid loaded film‐forming gel to alleviate melasma
Authors: Chevala Naga Thirumalesh , Dsouza Jenica Alwin , Saini Hitesh , Kumar Lalit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a skin condition that causes increased epidermal pigmentation, enlarged melanocytes, increased melanosomes, solar elastosis, dermal blood vessels, and, occasionally, perivascular lymph histiocytic infiltrates.ObjectiveTo develop the film‐forming gel to alleviate melasma. Tranexamic acid was used as a model drug to evaluate the suitability of formulation to prevent symmetric hyperpigmentation.MethodsFFG is a hydrophilic polymeric cross‐linked system loaded with an active moiety. Nine different formulations of 2% TXA were formulated using polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 cP as film‐forming polymers. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and carbopol were used as gelling agents.ResultsF7, F8, and F9 showed shorter DT, that is, 11, 8, and 12 min, respectively. The folding endurance of F7, F8, and F9 was >100 folds, and the pH of F7, F8, and F9 was >6. Among three formulations, F8 was further analyzed for in vitro drug diffusion, which showed >95% drug diffusion within 48 h. In vivo, the skin irritation potential of F8 was estimated using BAL/C mice, which confirmed the absence of skin irritation.ConclusionFrom the obtained results, we conclude that the FFG can be a strategic attempt to deliver the cosmeceutical drugs like TXA to alleviate Melasma with improved sustainability of the drug.
Status of cosmetic safety in Malaysia market: Mercury contamination in selected skin whitening products
Authors: Wan Mohamed Radzi Che Wan Jasimah , Nordin Fatin Nur Majdina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundConcern on cosmetic safety has been a subject of interest in recent years and is commonly associated with the exposure of the consumers to chemicals and impurities such as mercury contamination. Moreover, cancellations of notified cosmetic products were recurrently being reported by the Malaysia authority, namely the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authority (NPRA). Among the cosmetic categories was skin whitening product, which is still in high demand whilst reported to cause health risks. Besides, low number of studies on cosmetic safety and mercury contamination were recorded in Malaysia. The lack of scientific evidence on the safety and risks of the ingredients used in cosmetic formulation is a major concern to many consumers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the presence of mercury in skin whitening products, and to identify products containing mercury with the concentration exceeding the limitation of 1 ppm.MethodologyA total of 104 whitening products were selected from the market via random sampling technique. The mercury concentration was determined by accredited laboratory, and the results were later compared with the cosmetic guideline of Malaysia and the list of banned products issued by NPRA.ResultsA total of 51.9% (n = 54) whitening products were found registered under the NPRA Quest system and remaining 48.1% (n = 50) were non‐registered products. None of the whitening products listed mercury as an ingredient, but laboratory analysis showed 15.4% (n = 16) of the products contained mercury with the concentration exceeding the maximum limit of 1 ppm. A total of 87.5% of the whitening products (14 out of 16) containing high mercury concentration were non‐registered products which were not registered in NPRA Quest system. The exceeded concentration recorded ranged between 1.81 ppm and 838 123 ppm. Besides that, 50% (8 out of 16) of the products were found in the list of banned products issued by the NPRA of Malaysia.ConclusionsThis study presents the status of cosmetic products, particularly the skin whitening products available in Malaysia market. Concern arises when some of the products were found to have presence of harmful substances such as mercury. Even though the presence of mercury in a cosmetic product can either be non‐intentional or intentionally used by the manufacturer in the cosmetic formulation, the impact of the ingredient can cause health risk to the users.
The other COVID‐19 survivors: Timing, duration, and health impact of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Lambert Natalie ,   Survivor Corps, El‐Azab Sarah A. , Ramrakhiani Nathan S. , Barisano Anthony , Yu Lu , Taylor Kaitlyn , Esperança Álvaro , Mendiola Christian , Downs Charles A. , Abrahim Heather L. , Hughes Thomas , Rahmani Amir M. , Borelli Jessica L. , Chakraborty Rana , Pinto Melissa D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine the frequency, timing, and duration of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC) and their impact on health and function.BackgroundPost‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is an emerging major public health problem that is poorly understood and has no current treatment or cure. PASC is a new syndrome that has yet to be fully clinically characterised.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional survey (n = 5163) was conducted from online COVID‐19 survivor support groups who reported symptoms for more than 21 days following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsParticipants reported background demographics and the date and method of their covid diagnosis, as well as all symptoms experienced since onset of covid in terms of the symptom start date, duration, and Likert scales measuring three symptom‐specific health impacts: pain and discomfort, work impairment, and social impairment. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendencies were computed for participant demographics and symptom data.ResultsParticipants reported experiencing a mean of 21 symptoms (range 1–93); fatigue (79.0%), headache (55.3%), shortness of breath (55.3%) and difficulty concentrating (53.6%) were the most common. Symptoms often remitted and relapsed for extended periods of time (duration M = 112 days), longest lasting symptoms included the inability to exercise (M = 106.5 days), fatigue (M = 101.7 days) and difficulty concentrating, associated with memory impairment (M = 101.1 days). Participants reported extreme pressure at the base of the head, syncope, sharp or sudden chest pain, and “brain pressure” among the most distressing and impacting daily life.ConclusionsPost‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can be characterised by a wide range of symptoms, many of which cause moderate‐to‐severe distress and can hinder survivors' overall well‐being.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study advances our understanding of the symptoms of PASC and their health impacts.
Gadolinium‐based contrast agent exposures and physical and cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nakamura Kunio , McGinley Marisa P. , Jones Stephen E. , Lowe Mark J. , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Ruggieri Paul M. , Ontaneda Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe clinical correlation of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) has not been well studied in multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the extent to which the number of GBCA administrations relates to self‐reported disability and performance measures.MethodsA cohort of MS patients was analyzed in this retrospective observational study. The main outcome was the association between the cumulative number of GBCA exposures (linear or macrocyclic GBCA), Patient‐Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), and measures of physical and cognitive performance (walking speed test, manual dexterity test [MDT], and processing speed test [PST]). The analysis was performed first cross‐sectionally and then longitudinally.ResultsThe cross‐sectional data included 1059 MS patients with a mean age of 44.0 years (standard deviation = 11.2). While the contrast ratio in globus pallidus weakly correlated with PDDS, MDT, and PST in a univariate correlational analysis (coefficients, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11 [0.04, 0.18], 0.15 [0.08, 0.21], and –0.16 [–0.10, –0.23], respectively), the associations disappeared after covariate adjustment. A significant association was found between number of linear GBCA administrations and PDDS (coefficient [CI] = –0.131 [–0.196, –0.067]), and MDT associated with macrocyclic GBCA administrations (–0.385 [–0.616, –0.154]), but their signs indicated better outcomes in patients with greater GBCA exposures. The longitudinal data showed no significant detrimental effect of macrocyclic GBCA exposures.ConclusionNo detrimental effects were observed between GBCA exposure and self‐reported disability and standardized objective measures of physical and cognitive performance. While several weak associations were found, they indicated benefit on these measures.
The influence of road networks on brown bear spatial distribution and habitat suitability in a human‐modified landscape
Authors: González‐Bernardo E. , Delgado M. d. M. , Matos D. G. G. , Zarzo‐Arias A. , Morales‐González A. , Ruiz‐Villar H. , Skuban M. , Maiorano L. , Ciucci P. , Balbontín J. , Penteriani V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRoads are human infrastructure that heavily affect wildlife, often with marked impacts on carnivores, including brown bears Ursus arctos. Here, we assessed the potential impact of road networks on the distribution of brown bears in the small, isolated and endangered Cantabrian population of north‐western Spain. To ascertain whether local road networks affect brown bear spatial distribution, we first assessed potential influences on the distance of bear locations to roads using candidate models which included topographic variables, landcover types, bear age and reproductive status, traffic volume and road visibility. Then, we built two sets of habitat suitability models, both with and without roads, to discern the possible loss of habitat suitability caused by roads. The mean distance of bear locations to the nearest road was 968 ± 804 m and the closest road was a low traffic road in 72.5% of cases. Candidate models showed little influence of our variables on bear distance to the nearest road, with the exception of elevation. Habitat suitability models revealed that road networks in our study area seem to have almost no effect on brown bear habitat suitability, except for females with yearlings during the denning season. However, this result may also be a consequence of the fact that only a small proportion (16.5%) of the cells classified as suitable bear habitats were crossed by roads, that is, most of the roads are primarily located in unsuitable bear habitats in the Cantabrian Mountains. Compared to previous studies conducted in other populations, mainly North American ones, our findings might suggest a different response of Eurasian brown bears to roads due to a longer bear‐human coexistence in Europe versus North America. However, the indirect approach used in our study does not exclude other detrimental effects, for example, road mortality, increased stress and movement pattern disruption, only detectable by more direct approaches such as telemetry.
Goal co‐construction and dialogue in an internal medicine longitudinal coaching programme
Authors: Farrell Laura , Cuncic Cary , Hartford Wendy , Hatala Rose , Ajjawi Rola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal coaching in residency programmes is becoming commonplace and requires iterative and collaborative discussions between coach and resident, with the shared development of goals. However, little is known about how goal development unfolds within coaching conversations over time and the effects these conversations have. We therefore built on current coaching theory by analysing goal development dialogues within resident and faculty coaching relationships.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using interpretive description methodology. Eight internal medicine coach–resident dyads consented to audiotaping coaching meetings over a 1‐year period. Transcripts from meetings and individual exit interviews were analysed thematically using goal co‐construction as a sensitising concept.ResultsTwo themes were developed: (i) The content of goals discussed in coaching meetings focused on how to be a resident, with little discussion around challenges in direct patient care, and (ii) co‐construction mainly occurred in how to meet goals, rather than in prioritising goals or co‐constructing new goals.ConclusionsIn analysing goal development in the coach–resident relationships, conversations focused mainly around how to manage as a resident rather than how to improve direct patient care. This may be because academic coaching provides space separate from clinical work to focus on the stage‐specific professional identity development of a resident. Going forward, focus should be on how to optimise longitudinal coaching conversations to ensure co‐regulation and reflection on both clinical competencies and professional identity formation.
Real‐time automatic crack detection method based on drone
Authors: Meng Shiqiao , Gao Zhiyuan , Zhou Ying , He Bin , Djerrad Abderrahim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReal‐time automated drone‐based crack detection can be used for efficient building damage assessment. This paper proposes an automated real‐time crack detection method based on a drone. Using a lightweight classification algorithm, a lightweight segmentation algorithm, a high‐precision segmentation algorithm, and a crack width measurement algorithm, the cracks are classified, roughly segmented, finely segmented, and the maximum width is extracted. A crack information‐assisted drone flight automatic control algorithm for automatic crack detection guides the drone toward the crack position. The effectiveness of the crack detection algorithm and the crack information‐assisted drone flight automatic control algorithm was tested on two different datasets, a two‐story building, and a 16‐m‐high shaking table test building. The results show that crack detection can be finished in real‐time during the flight. Using the proposed method can significantly improve the MIoU of crack edge detection and the accuracy of maximum crack width measurement under the non‐ideal shooting conditions of the actual inspection situation by automatically approaching the vicinity of the crack.
The northern corn leaf blight resistance gene Ht1 encodes an nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat immune receptor
Authors: Thatcher Shawn , Leonard April , Lauer Marianna , Panangipalli Gayathri , Norman Bret , Hou Zhenglin , Llaca Victor , Hu Wang‐Nan , Qi Xiuli , Jaqueth Jennifer , Severns Dina , Whitaker David , Wilson Bill , Tabor Girma , Li Bailin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum, is a major disease of maize. The first major locus conferring resistance to E. turcicum race 0, Ht1, was identified over 50 years ago, but the underlying gene has remained unknown. We employed a map‐based cloning strategy to identify the Ht1 causal gene, which was found to be a coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) gene, which we named PH4GP‐Ht1. Transgenic testing confirmed that introducing the native PH4GP‐Ht1 sequence to a susceptible maize variety resulted in resistance to E. turcicum race 0. A survey of the maize nested association mapping genomes revealed that susceptible Ht1 alleles had very low to no expression of the gene. Overexpression of the susceptible B73 allele, however, did not result in resistant plants, indicating that sequence variations may underlie the difference between resistant and susceptible phenotypes. Modelling of the PH4GP‐Ht1 protein indicated that it has structural homology to the Arabidopsis NLR resistance gene ZAR1, and probably forms a similar homopentamer structure following activation. RNA sequencing data from an infection time course revealed that 1 week after inoculation there was a threefold reduction in fungal biomass in the PH4GP‐Ht1 transgenic plants compared to wild‐type plants. Furthermore, PH4GP‐Ht1 transgenics had significantly more inoculation‐responsive differentially expressed genes than wild‐type plants, with enrichment seen in genes associated with both defence and photosynthesis. These results demonstrate that the NLR PH4GP‐Ht1 is the causal gene underlying Ht1, which represents a different mode of action compared to the previously reported wall‐associated kinase northern corn leaf blight resistance gene Htn1/Ht2/Ht3.