bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PGE2 inhibits neutrophil phagocytosis through the EP2R–cAMP–PTEN pathway
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Wei Xinyuan , Ji Caili , Yu Wenhua , Song Chuanwang , Wang Caizhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation that modulates immune cell function by binding to unique G protein‐coupled receptors (EP receptors). PGE2 production increases during microbial infection and inflammation. In this study, we assessed the effect of PGE2 on the phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils, which are key players during infection and inflammation. We also looked for specific EP receptor signaling pathways that contributed to the neutrophil phagocytic activity. PGE2 (50–1000 ng/ml) inhibited the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by HL‐60 human neutrophils in a concentration‐dependent manner. Inhibition of neutrophil phagocytosis by PGE2 correlated with increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, and forskolin, an adenosyl cyclase agonist, confirmed the inhibitory effect of cAMP stimulation on neutrophil phagocytosis. The expression of EP2 receptors by HL‐60 cells was confirmed by western blot analysis, and selective agonism of EP2 receptors mimicked the inhibition of phagocytosis by PGE2. The EP2 receptor antagonist AH‐6089 partially blocked the inhibition of neutrophil phagocytosis PGE2. Specific inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) enzyme attenuated the inhibition of neutrophil phagocytosis by PGE2, and both PGE2 and increased intracellular cAMP increased neutrophil PTEN activity, which was associated with decreased PTEN phosphorylation. The results support negative regulation of the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils (i.e., phagocytosis), which has important implications for the future management of bacterial infections.
Deep feature enhancement and Xgboost network for multi‐organ classification
Authors: Yang Qing , Yan Qingyuan , Zhang Wuxia , Hao Mayang , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe multi‐organ classification of medical images in disease examination and diagnosis is very valuable. However, some organs features of medical imaging are not obvious, and the organ of interest just occupy several pixels in the image. Therefore, the accuracy of multi‐organ classification of medical images using classic convolutional neural networks (CNN) cannot meet actual requirements. To address the above problems, a Deep Feature Enhancement and Xgboost (DFEX) network is proposed in this paper. The network enhances the discriminability of deep features through the dual‐core CNN feature extraction, the transfer module, and the multi‐level semantic feature fusion module. The dual‐core CNN feature extraction and transfer module extracts high‐level semantic features with detailed information by four aggregation units, to alleviate the problem of inconspicuous imaging features. The multi‐level semantic feature fusion module fuses the low‐level, middle‐level, and high‐level semantic features of the image to obtain more detailed features, which alleviates the problem that the target organ is easily affected by other organs. Finally, the enhanced features are fed to the Xgboost ensemble method for multi‐organ classification tasks of medical images. Our method is compared with 4 different classic networks on 553 cases. The experiment results show our method has better overall performance. Especially, for nasopharynx and vocal fold closing, the classification accuracies of our method achieve 84.39% and 88.00%. Compared with the best performers in classic networks, the accuracies have been increased by 3.58% and 15.62% respectively.
Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach
Authors: Akdoğan Volkan , Özkaner Vedat , Alkurt Fatih Özkan , Karaaslan Muharrem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA medical imaging system is often required to monitor bone growth or bone healing in patients. X‐ray imaging method is one of the most used imaging systems but it affects human health due to the ionizing effect of X‐rays on matter. In this paper, authors investigated the healing period of a bone structure by using electromagnetic antennas. Two different design approaches were examined which are the monopole antenna approach and the horn antenna approach with the frequency bands of 4–10 and 3–18 GHz, respectively. According to simulation results of the first scenario, radius change of a circular bone from 1 to 8 mm causes a transmission reduction from −13.5 dB to −20 dB at 7 GHz. In the second scenario, the thickness of the bone changed from 0.05 to 20 mm and the corresponding transmission value is reduced from −5 to −25 dB at 10 GHz of constant frequency. All these two approaches showed that the bone variation with time changes the transmission characteristics of detector antennas at the operating frequencies. In the last step of this study, an experimental measurement is carried out by using two opposite horn antennas and a planar bone structure in microwave laboratory. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results in the second scenario. This study gives an opportunity to determine bone healing periods in medical applications by microwave techniques.
National survey of solid organ transplant pharmacist training and early career research publication success
Authors: Lichvar Alicia B. , Chandran Mary M. , Durst Melissa M. , Fredrick Stacy , Pierce Dana R. , Sweiss Helen I. , Szczepanik Amanda , Melaragno Jennifer I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe variability of clinical research experiences for solid organ transplant (SOT) trainees is complex and involves close inspection of program personnel, values, and expectations. It is unknown how these variables impact early career publication (ECP) success and continued participation in research.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of ECPs among SOT clinical pharmacists, to describe training and early career research experiences, and to describe factors associated with ECPs.MethodsA 53‐question electronic survey was distributed through three SOT pharmacy listservs from 11/1/202 to 12/3/2021. Eligible respondents were SOT pharmacists who completed specialty training from 2015 to 2021. The survey captured data on publication success, perception of training received, and early career research endeavors. Multivariate analysis assessed factors associated with ECP.ResultsA total of 92 individuals were included in the analysis (36.9% response rate). A majority of respondents were female (73.9%), completed postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residency training only (93.5%), and currently serve in hybrid clinical specialist positions (having inpatient and outpatient roles) (67.4%). The incidence ECP among respondents was 42.3% (33/78). Within their jobs, research and/or quality assurance and performance improvement (QAPI) participation was common (83.3%, 65/78). Protected time for research (21.8%, 17/78) and formal research mentorship (7.7%, 6/78) were not frequent and did not alter ECP success. Multiple publications during training (odds ratio [OR] 13.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90‐101.37, P = 0.01) was associated with ECP. SOT pharmacists with hybrid clinical specialist positions had lower ECP obtainment (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.004‐0.89, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe incidence of ECP was 42.3%. Research and QAPI are common components of SOT training and SOT pharmacists' jobs, yet experiences are diverse with great variability for support and structure guiding these endeavors and influencing their eventual success.
Examining the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a therapist‐supported, smartphone‐based intervention for depression: Longitudinal observational study
Authors: Allende Santiago , Forman‐Hoffman Valerie L. , Goldin Philippe R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a 12‐week therapist‐supported, smartphone‐delivered digital health intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety.MethodsA total of 290 participants were included in the present analyses (age Mean = 39.64, SD = 10.25 years; 79% female; 54% self‐reported psychotropic medication use). Linear mixed models were used to examine the concurrent anxiety‐depression association and (2) the lead‐lag anxiety‐depression relationship, with greater anxiety predicted to precede an increase in depression.ResultsIn support of Hypothesis 1, greater anxiety during the current biweekly assessment was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current biweekly assessment. In support of Hypothesis 2, greater anxiety during the prior biweekly assessment was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current biweekly assessment but not vice‐versa.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that anxiety and depressive symptoms may overlap and fluctuate in concert, with anxiety symptoms predicting subsequent depressive symptoms but not vice‐versa. With sensitivity to study limitations, implications for future intervention designs are discussed.
Extranodal extension influences prognosis in pancreatic head cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sung Min Kyu , Park Hosub , Park Guisuk , Park Seo Young , Lee Woohyung , Song Ki Byung , Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Song Cheol , Hwang Dae Wook , Hong Seung Mo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtranodal extension (ENE) is an established prognostic factor in several gastrointestinal cancers. However, the prognostic impact remains unclear. Here, we investigated the prognostic implications of ENE in patients with surgically resected pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 476 surgically resected pancreatic head cancer patients who consecutively underwent upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy for pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between January 2009 and December 2013. We compared the disease‐free survival (DFS) rates of the patients according to ENE status.ResultsAmong the 476 patients, patients with ENE had lower DFS rates than those without ENE (N0, 13 months; LN+/ENE−, 7 months; LN+/ENE+, 6 months; P < .001). In addition, even in the same N stage, patients with ENE had lower DFS rates than those without ENE (N0, 13 months; N1/ENE− 8 months; N1/ENE+, 7 months; N2/ENE−, 7 months; N2/ENE+, 4 months, P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in survival rates between patients in the N1/ENE+ group and those in the N2/ENE− group. Additionally, ENE was an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsExtranodal extension significantly predicted a poor prognosis among patients with pancreatic head cancer, especially those with nodal metastasis. Therefore, ENE should be considered a prognostic factor in future editions of the staging system.
New graduate registered nurses: Risk mitigation strategies to ensure safety and successful transition to practice
Authors: Smith Carla Jean , DesRoches Stephanie L. , Street Nancy White , Hyatt Josh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted traditional pathways for new graduate registered nurses (NGRN's) transition to practice. In response to stay at home emergency orders in 2020, NGRN's experienced changes in pre‐licensure curriculum, clinical practicums, NCLEX testing, and licensure, all which influence preparedness for professional practice. The adverse impact on education and clinical training extends to all nursing students who attended higher education institutions of learning during 2020 to present and is a significant consideration with new graduates over the long‐term, whom will be caring for patients in healthcare settings. Well before this pandemic, literature identified that NGRN's were predisposed to knowledge‐practice gaps and lacked situational awareness. Recent nursing research emerging from the pandemic reveals a potentiating negative impact of the abbreviated pre‐licensure experiences on patient safety in the clinical setting. In the current healthcare environment, it is preemptive for healthcare institutions and schools of nursing to work cohesively to ensure patient safety through an increased emphasis on evidence‐based approaches to reduce patient harm and mitigate harm when it does occur. Further, in response to the increased demand for nurses by healthcare organizations, considerations for safety, risk management, and ethical care must be considered during the transition to practice for NGRN's.
Antiretroviral therapy restores the homeostatic state of microglia in SIV-infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Trease Andrew J , Niu Meng , Morsey Brenda , Guda Chittibabu , Byrareddy Siddappa N , Buch Shilpa , Fox Howard S 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroglia and macrophages are essential for homeostatic maintenance and innate immune response in the brain. They are the first line of defense against infections such as HIV/SIV in the brain. However, they are susceptible to infection and function as viral reservoirs even under effective viral suppression. While current antiretroviral regimens successfully suppress viremia and improve quality of life and lifespan, neurologic complications persist and are in part attributed to activated microglia. We sought to test the hypothesis that brain microglia return to a more homeostatic-like state when viremia is suppressed by combination antiretroviral therapy. Using the SIV-rhesus macaque model, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and pathway analysis to compare gene expression profiles of brain myeloid cells under 4 conditions: uninfected, SIV infected, SIV infected with cART suppression, and SIV encephalitis (SIVE). Our study reveals greater myeloid diversity and an elevated proinflammatory state are associated with untreated SIV infection compared with uninfected animals. The development of encephalitis and suppression of viremia both reduced myeloid diversity. However, they had converse effects on the activation state of microglia and inflammation. Notably, suggestive of a restoration of a homeostatic state in microglia, gene expression and activation of pathways related to inflammation and immune response in cART-suppressed monkeys were most similar to that in uninfected monkeys. Untreated SIV infection shared characteristics, especially in brain macrophages to SIVE, with SIVE showing dramatic inflammation. In support of our hypothesis, our study demonstrates that cART indeed restores this key component of the brain's homeostatic state.Summary: ScRNA-seq of rhesus monkey microglia reveals clusters of cells in activated states in the setting of SIV infection, which is primarily reversed by suppressing viremia with combination antiretroviral therapy.
Last interglacial lake sediments preserved beneath Laurentide and Greenland Ice sheets provide insights into Arctic climate amplification and constrain 130 ka of ice‐sheet history
Authors: Miller Gifford H. , Wolfe Alexander P. , Axford Yarrow , Briner Jason P. , Bueltmann Helga , Crump Sarah , Francis Donna , Fréchette Bianca , Gorbey Devon , Kelly Meredith , McFarlin Jamie , Osterberg Erich , Raberg Jonathan , Raynolds Martha , Sepúlveda Julio , Thomas Elizabeth , de Wet Gregory 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSediment cores from 13 lakes in a 1500 km transect along the eastern North American Arctic contain up to four superposed stratified interglacial units. All 13 lakes contain one unit with sediment similar in character and mass to Holocene gyttja, with 14C ages >40 ka, luminescence ages 90 to 120 ka, and pollen assemblages that require nearly complete Laurentide deglaciation, supporting a Last Interglacial (LIG; MIS 5e) age. Two lakes preserve an older interglacial, with luminescence ages suggesting an MIS 7 age. Four adjacent lakes record a thin, stratified organic unit between the LIG and Holocene units with 14C ages >50 ka, that is probably from late in MIS 5. Temperature estimates from biotic proxies suggest LIG summer temperatures 4–6°C above mid‐20th century values; pollen, chironomids and DNA document a poleward expansion of woody plants and invertebrate species during the LIG, supporting arguments that positive feedbacks native to the Arctic amplified insolation‐driven summer temperature increases. The stratigraphic succession implies the Laurentide Ice Sheet remained intact with sea level below ‐40 m from ~115 ka to ~11 ka, and places new constraints on the interpretation of cosmogenic radionuclide inventories in erratic boulders older than the Holocene throughout this region.
Impact of coal mining on land use dynamics and soil quality: Assessment of land degradation vulnerability through conjunctive use of analytical hierarchy process and geospatial techniques
Authors: Pandey Mayank , Mishra Alka , Swamy Singam Laxmana , Thakur Tarun Kumar , Pandey Vimal Chandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoal is the major source of energy in India, where 66% of the thermal power is generated from different grades of coal. The surging energy demand for domestic and industrial sectors has accelerated coal production through intensive coal mining from existing mines and there is exploration for potential areas across the Country. More than 80% of the coal excavated from open cast mining, which is a damaging form of mining that is often associated with undesirable land use changes, soil degradation, and deforestation and is responsible for other environmental degradation. The present study has been conducted in Manendragarh coal mining area located in northern Chhattisgarh, Central India using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geospatial tools. LANDSAT‐TM and OLI satellite data from 1990 and 2020 were digitally analyzed applying a maximum likelihood supervised classification technique in ERDAS IMAGINE and Arc‐GIS platforms. Spatial analysis of satellite data revealed that the area under forest, agriculture‐fallow, and waterbodies fell by 14.5%, 12.9%, and 2.52%, respectively, due mainly to conversion into degraded land, while the mining area and built‐up areas were proportionally enhanced by 3.2% and 0.59% between 1990 and 2020. The intense mining resulted in deterioration of soil health, where the organic C, pH, and soil depth were considerably decreased in mined sites and degraded lands, compared to agricultural and forest areas. The major determinant biophysical, topographic, and soil factors were integrated in a GIS platform to derive a land degradation vulnerability index (LDVI), which identified five vulnerability classes. The salient findings of study provides the critical inputs for the policy makers/environmentalists in prioritization and decision‐making for implementing remedial measures for the eco‐restoration of mining degraded landscapes and also the improvement of ecology and environment along with sustainable coal mining.
A review of spatial structure of freshwater food webs: Issues and opportunities modeling within‐lake meta‐ecosystems
Authors: Borrelli Jonathan J. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLakes are currently facing multiple anthropogenic stressors impacting their ecological communities. The best way to understand how these systems will be affected by the changing environment is by modeling community dynamics. Models of lake food webs have tended to focus on pelagic organisms and treat lakes as if they contain single, uniform communities. However, heterogeneity in environmental conditions and resource availability generates within‐lake compartmentalization in food web structure. Turnover among species and their interactions resulting from differences in depth and substrate type creates unique food webs in different regions of lakes. Food webs within lakes can therefore be represented as a three‐dimensional meta‐ecosystem, where food web compartments are connected by flows of nutrients, materials, and consumers with variable degrees of mobility within the lake. We review how food webs are spatially structured within lakes and the processes that connect different parts of the ecosystem. We then discuss how current modeling approaches address the spatial heterogeneity of lake communities, highlighting key methods and some of the constraints preventing more spatially explicit representation of food webs. Finally, we recommend the use of allometric trophic networks to make spatially explicit food web modeling easier. By capitalizing on empirically described allometric relationships to parameterize trophically complex food webs, we can balance generalizable model approaches with system‐specific needs. Given the spatially explicit nature of many current threats to freshwater lakes, building an understanding of how space structures the community is imperative to create better approaches for freshwater management and conservation.
Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing, UV‐Responsive PLA‐Based Materials by Means of Functionalized DOX Monomer
Authors: Gazzotti Stefano , Ortenzi Marco Aldo , Farina Hermes , Silvani Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract1,3‐Dioxolan‐4‐ones (DOX) chemistry is exploited for the synthesis of UV‐curable, polylactic acid (PLA)‐based copolymers. DOX monomer functionalized with 4‐fluoro‐4′‐hydroxybenzophenone is synthesized and employed as comonomer with l‐lactide. Copolymerization reactions are performed with different DOX loadings through a solvent‐free, metal‐catalyzed protocol. Products are characterized through NMR analysis in order to demonstrate the random insertion of the modified monomer within the polymeric chain. Copolymers are subjected to UV irradiation and compared to a control PLA synthesized and processed in the same conditions. The evolution of the molecular weight during prolonged UV exposure is evaluated through SEC analysis, showing the effect of the benzophenone side groups, which promote crosslinking reactions. A crosslinking mechanism is proposed and demonstrated by means of 1H NMR and FT‐IR analyses. The gel content of the samples is measured after the UV exposure, demonstrating a correlation with the concentration of DOX‐derived units. Finally, water contact angle analyses are performed to investigate the effects of the fluorination degree on the wettability properties and thermal characterization is carried out. Moreover, rheological analyses show a shear thickening behavior for the copolymers with the highest concentration of DOX‐derived units.
The influence of companies' moral associations on the product consumption experience: The role of moral disgust
Authors: Tal Aner , Gvili Yaniv , Amar Moty 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCan moral associations linked with food products harm hedonic consumption experience? Across four studies, we show that moral associations linked to food that clash with values (racism and animal welfare) held by today's ethical consumers can engender moral disgust, which in turn undermines both expected and actual taste experience. The studies contribute to the literature by showing that associations impact consumption experience even in the absence of concrete actions, and by revealing moral disgust as the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Importantly, this effect was observed even when the moral associations involved racism or sustainability (e.g., animal welfare), which have no direct relationship to product quality. This reveals that mere moral associations, rather than quality associations, influence hedonic consumption experience, rather than quality associations. More broadly, the findings point to the ways in which extrinsic attributes affect product experience and evaluation, particularly in hedonic consumption. This may be particularly impactful for values clashing with those championed by ethical consumers. From a practical perspective, these studies provide a broader perspective on corporate social responsibility by showing that companies should exercise caution when exploiting the moral associations linked to their products.