bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The white dwarf binary pathways survey – VII. Evidence for a bi-modal distribution of post-mass transfer systems?
Authors: Lagos F , Schreiber M R , Parsons S G , Toloza O , Gänsicke B T , Hernandez M S , Schmidtobreick L , Belloni D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Binary systems consisting of a white dwarf (WD) and a main-sequence companion with orbital periods up to ≈100 d are often thought to be formed through common envelope evolution which is still poorly understood. To provide new observational constraints on the physical processes involved in the formation of these objects, we are conducting a large-scale survey of close binaries consisting of a WD and an A- to K-type companion. Here, we present three systems with eccentric orbits and orbital periods between approximately 10 and 42 d discovered by our survey. Based on Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopy and high-angular resolution images obtained with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE), we find that two of these systems are most likely triple systems while the remaining one could be either a binary or a hierarchical triple but none of them is a post-common envelope binary (PCEB). The discovery of these systems shows that our survey is capable to detect systems with orbital periods of the order of weeks, but all six PCEBs we have previously discovered have periods &lt;2.5 d. We suggest that the fact that all of the systems we identify with periods of the order of weeks are not PCEBs indicates a transition between two different mechanisms responsible for the formation of very close (≲10 d) and somewhat wider WD + AFGK binaries: common envelope evolution and non-conservative stable mass transfer.
SCAPE: a mixture model revealing single-cell polyadenylation diversity and cellular dynamics during cell differentiation and reprogramming
Authors: Zhou Ran , Xiao Xia , He Ping , Zhao Yuancun , Xu Mengying , Zheng Xiuran , Yang Ruirui , Chen Shasha , Zhou Lifang , Zhang Dan , Yang Qingxin , Song Junwei , Tang Chao , Zhang Yiming , Lin Jing-wen , Cheng Lu , Chen Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlternative polyadenylation increases transcript diversities at the 3’ end, regulating biological processes including cell differentiation, embryonic development and cancer progression. Here, we present a Bayesian method SCAPE, which enables de novo identification and quantification of polyadenylation (pA) sites at single-cell level by utilizing insert size information. We demonstrated its accuracy and robustness and identified 31 558 sites from 36 mouse organs, 43.8% (13 807) of which were novel. We illustrated that APA isoforms were associated with miRNAs binding and regulated in tissue-, cell type-and tumor-specific manners where no difference was found at gene expression level, providing an extra layer of information for cell clustering. Furthermore, we found genome-wide dynamic changes of APA usage during erythropoiesis and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation, suggesting APA contributes to the functional flexibility and diversity of single cells. We expect SCAPE to aid the analyses of cellular dynamics and diversities in health and disease.
Awareness and Use of Heated Tobacco Products Among Middle School and High School Students, United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Puvanesarajah Samantha , Wang Teresa , Alexander Dayna S , Gomez Yessica , Head Sara K , Alexandridis Apostolos A , Jamal Ahmed , Trivers Katrina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Heated tobacco products (HTP) heat-processed tobacco leaf into an aerosol inhaled by the user. This study assessed prevalence and correlates of HTP awareness, ever use, and current use among US middle and high school students.

Methods
Data came from the 2019 and 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional survey of US public and private, middle and high school students. HTP awareness, ever use, and current (past 30-day) use were assessed. Weighted prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were assessed overall and by sex, school level, race/ethnicity, and current other tobacco product use.

Results
In 2019, 12.8% (3.44 million) of all students reported HTP awareness, increasing to 19.3% (5.29 million) in 2020 (p &lt; .01). Ever [2019: 2.6% (630 000); 2020: 2.4% (620 000)] and current [2019: 1.6% (420 000); 2020: 1.4% (370 000)] HTP use did not significantly change from 2019 to 2020. Current e-cigarette users were more likely to report ever (2020 aPR = 1.79, 95% CI:1.23, 2.62) or current HTP use (2019 aPR = 5.16, 95% CI: 3.48, 7.67; 2020 aPR = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.10, 5.47) than nonusers. In both years, ever and current HTP use was more likely among current combustible (aPR range = 3.59–8.17) and smokeless tobacco product (aPR range = 2.99–4.09) users than nonusers.

Conclusions
HTP awareness increased 51% among US students during 2019–2020; however, HTP use did not significantly change during this period. Students who used other tobacco products were more likely to currently use HTPs. Estimates of HTP awareness and use provided serve as a baseline as future monitoring of these products is warranted.

Implications
Awareness of heated tobacco products (HTPs) increased among US youth from 2019 to 2020; however, HTP use did not change. These estimates of HTP awareness and use serve as a baseline for future surveillance of these products as their availability in the US increases.
Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Young Children Hospitalized With Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Hofto Meghan E , Samuy Nichole , Pass Robert F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to compare children aged 36 months or younger hospitalized with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who are not treated with antibiotics to those treated with antibiotics in terms of clinical features and outcome measures.

Methods
Administrative data and medical record review were used to identify patients from 3 to 36 months of age hospitalized from 2011 to 2019 with uncomplicated CAP. Patients were considered treated if they received antibiotics for &gt;2 inpatient days and/or at discharge, and not treated if they received ≤2 inpatient days and no antibiotics at discharge. Untreated patients were compared to treated patients based on demographic features, clinical and laboratory results, and outcomes of interest, including illness severity, length of stay, and 30-day hospital readmissions.

Results
Three hundred twenty-two CAP cases were included; 266 (83%) received antibiotics for &gt;48 hours and/or at discharge. Fifty-six patients received ≤2 inpatient days of antibiotics and no antibiotics at discharge; the majority received no inpatient antibiotics. There were no differences between the 2 groups in illness severity, length of stay, or hospital readmissions. The proportion of patients treated with antibiotics decreased from 88% (2011–2013) to 66% during the most recent years studied (2017–2019).

Conclusions
There was no difference in outcome of uncomplicated CAP in previously healthy children &lt;36 months of age between those treated and not treated with antibiotics. Additional tools are needed to facilitate identification of viral CAP in young children and decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.
Plant clock modifications for adapting flowering time to local environments
Authors: Maeda Akari E , Nakamichi Norihito 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring and after the domestication of crops from ancestral wild plants, humans selected cultivars that could change their flowering time in response to seasonal daylength. Continuous selection of this trait eventually allowed the introduction of crops into higher or lower latitudes and different climates from the original regions where domestication initiated. In the past two decades, numerous studies have found the causal genes or alleles that change flowering time and have assisted in adapting crop species such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), maize (Zea mays spp. mays), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to new environments. This updated review summarizes the genes or alleles that contributed to crop adaptation in different climatic areas. Many of these genes are putative orthologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) core clock genes. We also discuss how knowledge of the clock’s molecular functioning can facilitate molecular breeding in the future.
Assessment of success in university–industry cooperation literature: A bibliographic coupling analysis
Authors: Mora-Valentín Eva-María , Nájera-Sánchez Juan-José , Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUniversity–industry relationships have been central in technology and management innovation literature for decades. Success has been one of the most relevant topics in this field, driving a high proportion of this research. Our objective is to analyze this literature. Based on a framework of the motivations and expected benefits of the partners, classifying them into six categories (technological, strategic, financial, educational, political and epistemological), we have carried out a bibliographic coupling analysis to determine the topic’s knowledge structure. We show how these themes have evolved, with some remaining central during the entire timeframe and others gaining academics’ attention in recent years. We offer a research schedule and a dynamic, interpretative model that classifies and organizes the motivations of success for university–industry collaboration. This analysis can help in the formulation and implementation of public and private programs that aim to promote cooperation between firms and universities.
Mainstream or Marginalized? How German and Dutch Newspapers Frame LGBTI
Authors: Schotel Anne Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough historically ignored or stigmatized by mainstream media, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people have increasingly become visible. However, increased visibility does not necessarily translate to more inclusive reporting. Comparing framing of LGBTI in Germany and the Netherlands, I ask which frames are assimilative and which pose structural challenges to hegemonic heteronormative notions on gender and sexuality. I apply a combination of automated text analysis of over 15,000 Dutch and German newspaper articles from 2009 to 2019 with critical frame analysis to analyze how LGBTI people are included in public debate. Despite increased visibility, coverage of gender identity and sexuality continues to be depoliticized and assimilative. Comparing two European cases shows which frames are mainstream and which are marginalized.
Evolution and diversity of inherited viruses in the Nearctic phantom midge, Chaoborus americanus
Authors: Ballinger Matthew J , Christian Rebecca C , Moore Logan D , Taylor Derek J , Sabet Afsoon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inherited mutualists, parasites, and commensals occupy one of the most intimate ecological niches available to invertebrate-associated microbes. How this transmission environment influences microbial evolution is increasingly understood for inherited bacterial symbionts, but in viruses, research on the prevalence of vertical transmission and its effects on viral lineages is still maturing. The evolutionary stability of this strategy remains difficult to assess, although phylogenetic evidence of frequent host shifts and selective sweeps have been interpreted as strategies favoring parasite persistence. In this study, we describe and investigate a natural insect system in which species-wide sweeps have been restricted by the isolation of host populations. Previous work identified evidence of pronounced mitochondrial genetic structure among North American populations of the phantom midge, Chaoborus americanus. Here we take advantage of the geographical isolation in this species to investigate the diversity and persistence of its inherited virome. We identify eight novel RNA viruses from six families and use small RNA sequencing in reproductive tissues to provide evidence of vertical transmission. We report region-specific virus strains that mirror the continental phylogeography of the host, demonstrating that members of the inherited virome have independently persisted in parallel host lineages since they last shared a common ancestor in the Mid-Pleistocene. We find that the small interfering RNA pathway, a frontline of antiviral defense in insects, targets members of this inherited virome. Finally, our results suggest that the Piwi-mediated RNA silencing pathway is unlikely to function as a general antiviral defense in Chaoborus, in contrast to its role in some mosquitoes. However, we also report that this pathway generates abundant piRNAs from endogenous viral elements closely related to actively infecting inherited viruses, potentially helping to explain idiosyncratic patterns of virus-specific Piwi targeting in this insect.
Crossing the Virtual Chasm: Practical Considerations for Rethinking Curriculum, Competency, and Culture in the Virtual Care Era
Authors: Bolster Marcy B. , Chandra Shruti , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Esper Christine D. , Genkins Julian Z. , Hayden Emily M. , Tan-McGrory Aswita , Schwamm Lee H. ,   for the Virtual Care and Medical Educator Group
Published: March 2022

Virtual care, introduced previously as a replacement for in-person visits, is now being integrated into clinical care delivery models to complement in-person visits. The COVID-19 pandemic sped up this process. The rapid uptake of virtual care at the start of the pandemic prevented educators from taking deliberate steps to design the foundational elements of the related learning environment, including workflow, competencies, and assessment methods. Educators must now pursue an informed and purposeful approach to design a curriculum and implement virtual care in the learning environment. Engaging learners in virtual care offers opportunities for novel ways to teach and assess their performance and to effectively integrate technology such that it is accessible and equitable. It also offers opportunities for learners to demonstrate professionalism in a virtual environment, to obtain a patient’s history incorporating interpersonal and communication skills, to interact with multiple parties during a patient encounter (patient, caregiver, translator, telepresenter, faculty member), to enhance physical examination techniques via videoconferencing, and ideally to optimize demonstrations of empathy through “webside manner.” Feedback and assessment, important features of training in any setting, must be timely, specific, and actionable in the new virtual care environment.
Recognizing the importance of integrating virtual care into education, leaders from across the United States convened on September 10, 2020, for a symposium titled, “Crossing the Virtual Chasm: Rethinking Curriculum, Competency, and Culture in the Virtual Care Era.” In this article, the authors share recommendations that came out of this symposium for the implementation of educational tools in the evolving virtual care environment. They present core competencies, assessment tools, precepting workflows, and technology to optimize the delivery of high-quality virtual care that is safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable, and patient-centered.
Intramural Grant Program to Promote Research Activity Among Early-Career Faculty Members
Authors: Virdi Amarjit S. , Sandi Giselle , Chubinskaya Susan 
Published: March 2022

Problem
Early grant support for junior faculty members appears to positively influence their career trajectory. The authors sought to determine whether provision of grant support that enables early-career faculty members to conduct clinical, basic science, or educational research improves their academic success and enhances retention.

Approach
The authors compared career development and retention among 30 Cohn Fellowship recipients and 31 nonrecipients who participated in the same mentoring program. An award of $20,000 to the fellowship recipients ensured protected time for research for 1 year. Academic productivity of both groups was monitored for 6 years.

Outcomes
The authors found statistically significant differences between the 2 groups regarding research funding and scholarly productivity. The Cohn Fellowship recipients received a total of $14.7 million in external funding vs $3.7 million for nonrecipients, reflecting mean funding of $588,116 and $196,658 per person, respectively (P < .01). Recipients published a total of 174 peer-reviewed articles vs 26 for nonrecipients, reflecting a mean of 7 and 1 per person, respectively (P < .01). Recipients gave a total of 268 presentations vs 25 for nonrecipients, with a mean of 11 and 1 per person, respectively (P < .01). Furthermore, 8 of the 25 recipients who stayed at Rush University (32%) were promoted to associate professor compared with 2 of the 19 (11%) nonrecipients (P = .15). A majority of the Cohn Fellows (25; 83%) stayed at Rush University during the study compared with 61% of nonrecipients (P = .06). These findings suggest that even small amounts of research support received early in a career can benefit the faculty and the university as a whole.

Next Steps
We plan to continue gathering data to increase sample size and analyze outcomes for specific variables (e.g., time, rank, gender, promotion, retention).
A Neural Circuit from the Paraventricular Thalamus to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis for the Regulation of States of Consciousness during Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice
Authors: Li Jia-Yan , Gao Shao-Jie , Li Ran-Ran , Wang Wei , Sun Jia , Zhang Long-Qing , Wu Jia-Yi , Liu Dai-Qiang , Zhang Pei , Tian Bo , Mei Wei 
Published: March 2022

Background
The neural circuitry underlying sevoflurane-induced modulation of consciousness is poorly understood. This study hypothesized that the paraventricular thalamus bed nucleus of the stria terminalis pathway plays an important role in regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia.

Methods
Rabies virus–based transsynaptic tracing techniques were employed to reveal the neural pathway from the paraventricular thalamus to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This study investigated the role of this pathway in sevoflurane anesthesia induction, maintenance, and emergence using chemogenetic and optogenetic methods combined with cortical electroencephalogram recordings. Both male and female mice were used in this study.

Results
Both γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated and glutamatergic neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis receive paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic projections. Chemogenetic inhibition of paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic neurons prolonged the sevoflurane anesthesia emergence time (mean ± SD, hM4D–clozapine N-oxide vs. mCherry–clozapine N-oxide, 281 ± 88 vs. 172 ± 48 s, P < 0.001, n = 24) and decreased the induction time (101 ± 32 vs. 136 ± 34 s, P = 0.002, n = 24), as well as the EC5 0 for the loss or recovery of the righting reflex under sevoflurane anesthesia (mean [95% CI] for the concentration at which 50% of the mice lost their righting reflex, 1.16 [1.12 to 1.20] vs. 1.49 [1.46 to 1.53] vol%, P < 0.001, n = 20; and for the concentration at which 50% of the mice recovered their righting reflex, 0.95 [0.86 to 1.03] vs. 1.34 [1.29 to 1.40] vol%, P < 0.001, n = 20). Similar results were observed during suppression of the paraventricular thalamus bed nucleus–stria terminalis pathway. Optogenetic activation of this pathway produced the opposite effects. Additionally, transient stimulation of this pathway efficiently induced behavioral arousal during continuous steady-state general anesthesia with sevoflurane and reduced the depth of anesthesia during sevoflurane-induced burst suppression.

Conclusions
In mice, axonal projections from the paraventricular thalamic neurons to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis contribute to regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Characteristics of Post-ICU and Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in 29 U.S. Health Systems
Authors: Danesh Valerie , Boehm Leanne M. , Eaton Tammy L. , Arroliga Alejandro C. , Mayer Kirby P. , Kesler Shelli R. , Bakhru Rita N. , Baram Michael , Bellinghausen Amy L. , Biehl Michelle , Dangayach Neha S. , Goldstein Nir M. , Hoehn K. Sarah , Islam Marjan , Jagpal Sugeet , Johnson Annie B. , Jolley Sarah E. , Kloos Janet A. , Mahoney Eric J. , Maley Jason H. , Martin Sara F. , McSparron Jakob I. , Mery Marissa , Saft Howard , Santhosh Lekshmi , Schwab Kristin , Villalba Dario , Sevin Carla M. , Montgomery Ashley A. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The multifaceted long-term impairments resulting from critical illness and COVID-19 require interdisciplinary management approaches in the recovery phase of illness. Operational insights into the structure and process of recovery clinics (RCs) from heterogeneous health systems are needed. This study describes the structure and process characteristics of existing and newly implemented ICU-RCs and COVID-RCs in a subset of large health systems in the United States.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING:
Thirty-nine RCs, representing a combined 156 hospitals within 29 health systems participated.

PATIENTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:
RC demographics, referral criteria, and operating characteristics were collected, including measures used to assess physical, psychologic, and cognitive recoveries. Thirty-nine RC surveys were completed (94% response rate). ICU-RC teams included physicians, pharmacists, social workers, physical therapists, and advanced practice providers. Funding sources for ICU-RCs included clinical billing (n = 20, 77%), volunteer staff support (n = 15, 58%), institutional staff/space support (n = 13, 46%), and grant or foundation funding (n = 3, 12%). Forty-six percent of RCs report patient visit durations of 1 hour or longer. ICU-RC teams reported use of validated scales to assess psychologic recovery (93%), physical recovery (89%), and cognitive recovery (86%) more often in standard visits compared with COVID-RC teams (psychologic, 54%; physical, 69%; and cognitive, 46%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Operating structures of RCs vary, though almost all describe modest capacity and reliance on volunteerism and discretionary institutional support. ICU- and COVID-RCs in the United States employ varied funding sources and endorse different assessment measures during visits to guide care coordination. Common features include integration of ICU clinicians, interdisciplinary approach, and focus on severe critical illness. The heterogeneity in RC structures and processes contributes to future research on the optimal structure and process to achieve the best postintensive care syndrome and postacute sequelae of COVID outcomes.