bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain-of-function TLR7 and loss-of-function A20 gene variants identify a novel pathway for Mendelian lupus and lupus nephritis
Authors: Villalvazo Priscila , Carriazo Sol , Rojas-Rivera Jorge , Ramos Adrián M , Ortiz Alberto , Perez-Gomez Maria Vanessa 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown origin that may cause kidney disease, i.e. lupus nephritis (LN). Within a wider trend towards an expanding field of genetic causes of kidney disease, two recent reports have emphasized the role of Mendelian autoimmune disorders in causing LN both in children and in young adults. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants of tumor necrosis factor alpha–induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and gain of function (GOF) variants of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) cause SLE and LN, respectively. Interestingly, both genes regulate the same signaling route, as A20, the protein encoded by TNFAIP3, inhibits nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) activation while TLR7 promoted NF-ĸB activation. Moreover, TNFAIP3 and TLR7 variants are relatively frequent, potentially contributing to polygenic risk for LN. Finally, they both may be expressed by kidney cells, potentially contributing to the severity of kidney injury in persons who have already developed autoimmunity. The fact that both genes regulate the same pathway may lead to novel therapeutic approaches targeting the shared molecular pathway.
Larval growth of the polychaete Arenicola marina under different temperature and food conditions: consequences on bioenergetic models
Authors: Broquard Coralie , Lancelot Théo , Lefebvre Sébastien , Courcot Lucie , Gaudron Sylvie M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arenicola marina, a marine benthic polychaete, is widespread on sandy beaches in Europe and considered as an ecosystem engineer despite commonly used as bait by fishermen. Data regarding the bioenergetics of the lugworm larval stages are still incomplete. Trochophore is initially lecithotroph and then becomes planktotroph while growing as metatrochophore on subtidal area, a quite stable daily temperature environment compared with the foreshore, where juveniles and adult live, with daily temperature fluctuating up to 15°C. These discrepancies in temperature ranges may influence the temperature corrections (TCs) that control metabolic rates during the life cycle of A. marina. We carried out laboratory experiments in microcosms by inducing artificial spawning of lugworms, and then undertaken in vitro fertilization to obtain embryos and, finally, to follow, the larval development up to 10 segments with chaetae for 50 days under three temperature conditions (13°C, 15°C and 17°C) and two food conditions (‘fed’ and ‘non-fed’). The first feeding (‘birth’) of A. marina larvae was deciphered anatomically for a size between 450 and 500 μm and described at 17 days post-fertilization for larvae reared at 15°C and 17°C. Using a biphasic model with a von Bertalanffy growth before ‘birth’ and an exponential growth after ‘birth’, among the three temperature treatments, the 15°C condition exhibited the best larval performance. TC based on embryonic and larval metabolic rates gave an Arrhenius temperature of ~6661 K and a higher boundary temperature tolerance range of ~294.5 K. Both temperature values differ from those calculated from TC based mostly on juvenile and adult metabolic rates. We claim to use two sets of Arrhenius temperatures according to the life history stages of A. marina while using Dynamic Energy Budget model. This model was developed initially in order to manage the conservation of the lugworm species.
Pre-pandemic Physical Function and Social Network in Relation to COVID-19-Associated Depressive Burden in Older Adults in Sweden
Authors: Triolo Federico , Saadeh Marguerita , Sjöberg Linnea , Fratiglioni Laura , Welmer Anna-Karin , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Dekhtyar Serhiy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the measures intended to limit its spread, have likely affected older adults’ depressive burden. Good physical functioning and a rich social network may benefit older adults’ mental health. We examined whether pre-pandemic physical functioning and social network were associated with depressive burden during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Stockholm, Sweden.Research Design and MethodsA telephone assessment of depressive burden using the symptoms of sadness, anxiety, worrying, reduced sleep, and reduced appetite was conducted in May–September 2020 in 930 older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), an ongoing population-based study. Objective measures of gait speed, muscle strength, and balance; and self-reports of social connections and support were collected in 2016–2019. Logistic models were adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and pandemic-related factors (loneliness, change in physical and social engagement, and experience of death due to COVID-19).ResultsOnly good muscle strength (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.85; ref: poor strength, ≥17 s) and rich social support (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; ref: poor support) exhibited an independent association with depressive burden, even after accounting for pandemic-related factors. A combination of good muscle strength and rich social support were associated with the greatest reduction in depressive burden (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18–0.66; ref: poor social support and poor muscle strength).Discussion and ImplicationsPrepandemic social support and muscle strength could supply older adults with resilience against the depressive burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sea Snacks from DNA Tracks: Using DNA Metabarcoding to Characterize the Diet of Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas)
Authors: Sarkis Christine M , Hoenig Brandon D , Seney Erin E , Gaspar Stephanie A , Forsman Anna M 
Published: June 2022

Synopsis
The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is a circumglobal species with a wide dietary breadth that varies among regions and life history stages. Comprehensive understanding of foraging ecology over space and time is critical to inform conservation and management of this species and its habitats. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding to test candidate primer sets with 39 gut content homogenates from stranded green turtles (FL, USA) to identify primer sets that maximize detection of food items and specificity of taxonomic classifications. We tested six existing universal primer sets to detect plants, animals, and eukaryotes more broadly (CO1, 18SV1-V3, 18SV4, rbcL, UPA, ITS). The CO1 and 18SV4 primer sets produced the greatest number of dietary amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and unique taxonomic classifications, and they were the only primer sets to amplify taxa from all three kingdoms relevant to green turtle diet (Animalia, Chromista, and Plantae). Even though the majority of CO1-derived reads were of host origin (&gt;90%), this primer set still produced the largest number of dietary ASVs classified to species among the six primer sets. However, because the CO1 primer set failed to detect both vascular plants and green algae, we do not recommend the use of this primer set on its own to characterize green turtle diet. Instead, our findings support previous research highlighting the utility of using multiple primer sets, specifically targeting CO1 and the V4 region of the 18S gene, as doing so will provide the most comprehensive understanding of green turtle diet. More generally, our results highlight the importance of primer and loci selection and the need to validate primer sets against the study system of interest. The addition of DNA metabarcoding with optimized primer sets to the sea turtle researcher's toolbox will both increase our understanding of foraging ecology and better inform science-based conservation and ecosystem management.
The likely suspects framework: the need for a life cycle approach for managing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks across multiple scales
Authors: Bull C D , Gregory S D , Rivot E , Sheehan T F , Ensing D , Woodward G , Crozier W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ongoing declines in Atlantic salmon populations across its range underscore the need for co-ordinated scientific-based knowledge to support management and decisions for their conservation. Current salmon management actions remain largely focused on addressing bottlenecks to production in the freshwater phase of the life-cycle, whereas the continued declines observed in the recent decades are thought to be driven primarily by constraints on the marine phase. The challenges brought by global warming and other emerging stressors require immediate actions, requiring us to re-think the methods behind stock assessment and forge stronger linkages between data, models and policies to promote more effective management actions. We outline a scientific framework that takes a wider ecosystem view, designed to evaluate holistically a suite of indicators and potential drivers of salmon mortality at key phases of the life cycle. The aims of the proposed “Likely Suspects Framework” are to enhance cross-fertilisation of ideas between assessment processes at the stock-complex scale and stock-specific focused management activities, and to develop new decision support tools to improve management efficiencies and scenario testing. Adopting such an approach provides a new way to catalyse the acquisition and deployment of both existing and new data and models that are urgently needed for assisting the conservation and future stewardship of salmon stocks on both sides of the Atlantic.
Improvement in feed efficiency and reduction in nutrient loading from rainbow trout farms: the role of selective breeding
Authors: Kause Antti , Nousiainen Antti , Koskinen Heikki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Resource efficiency, the ratio of inputs to outputs, is essential for both the economic and environmental performance of any sector of food production. This study quantified the advancement in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reduction in nutrient loading from rainbow trout farming in Finland and the degree to which genetic improvements made by a national breeding program have contributed to this advancement. The study combined two datasets. One included annual records on farm-level performance of commercial rainbow trout farms from 1980 onwards, and the other included individuals across eight generations of the national breeding program. The data from the commercial farms showed that from 1980 onwards, the farm-level feed conversion ratio improved by 53.4%, and the specific nitrogen and phosphorus loading from the farms decreased by over 70%. Hence, to produce 1 kg of fish today, only half of the feed is needed compared to the 1980s. The first generation of the breeding program was established in 1992. The FCR was not directly selected for, and hence, the genetic improvement in the FCR is a correlated genetic change in response to the selection for growth and body composition. Since 1992, the estimated genetic improvement in the FCR has been 1.74% per generation, resulting in a cumulative genetic improvement of 11.6% in eight generations. Genetic improvement in the FCR is estimated to be 32.6% of the total improvement in the FCR observed at farms, implying that genetic improvement is a significant contributor to resource efficiency. The use of genetically improved rainbow trout, instead of the base population of fish, reduces feed costs by 18.3% and total production costs by 7.8% at commercial farms (by −0.266€ per kg of ungutted fish). For phosphorus and nitrogen, it can be assumed that the use of fish material with an improved FCR also leads to 18.3% less nitrogen and phosphorus flowing into an aquatic environment. Such improvements in resource efficiency are win–wins for both industry and the environment—the same amount of seafood can be produced with significantly reduced amounts of raw materials and reduced environmental impact.
Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination and Antibiotic Prescribing Among Commercially Insured US Children, 2007–2018
Authors: Hall Eric W , Tippett Ashley , Fridkin Scott , Anderson Evan J , Lopman Ben , Benkeser David , Baker Julia M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccines may play a role in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, it is unknown if rotavirus vaccination affects antibiotic use in the United States (US).

Methods
Using data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort of US children born between 2007 and 2018 who were continuously enrolled for the first 8 months of life (N = 2 136 136). We followed children through 5 years of age and compared children who completed a full rotavirus vaccination series by 8 months of age to children who had not received any doses of rotavirus vaccination. We evaluated antibiotic prescriptions associated with an acute gastroenteritis (AGE) diagnosis and defined the switching of antibiotics as the prescription of a second, different antibiotic within 28 days. Using a stratified Kaplan-Meier approach, we estimated the cumulative incidence for each study group, adjusted for receipt of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, provider type, and urban/rural status.

Results
Overall, 0.8% (n = 17 318) of participants received an antibiotic prescription following an AGE diagnosis. The 5-year adjusted relative cumulative incidence of antibiotic prescription following an AGE diagnosis was 0.793 (95% confidence interval [CI], .761–.827) among children with complete rotavirus vaccination compared to children without rotavirus vaccination. Additionally, children with complete vaccination were less likely to switch antibiotics (0.808 [95% CI, .743–.887]). Rotavirus vaccination has averted an estimated 67 045 (95% CI, 53 729–80 664) antibiotic prescriptions nationally among children born between 2007 and 2018.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that rotavirus vaccines reduce antibiotic prescribing for AGE, which could help reduce the growth of antibiotic resistance.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impacts salivary gland stem cell phenotype
Authors: Viswanathan Vignesh , Cao Hongbin , Saiki Julie , Jiang Dadi , Mattingly Aaron , Nambiar Dhanya , Bloomstein Joshua , Li Yang , Jiang Sizun , Chamoli Manish , Sirjani Davud , Kaplan Michael , Holsinger F Christopher , Liang Rachel , Von Eyben Rie , Jiang Haowen , Guan Li , Lagory Edward , Feng Zhiping , Nolan Garry , Ye Jiangbin , Denko Nicholas , Knox Sarah , Rosen Daria-Mochly , Le Quynh-Thu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Adult salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) have an intrinsic property to self-renew in order to maintain tissue architecture and homeostasis. Adult salivary glands have been documented to harbor SSPC, which have been shown to play a vital role in the regeneration of the glandular structures postradiation damage. We have previously demonstrated that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) after radiation reduced aldehyde accumulation in SSPC, leading to less apoptosis and improved salivary function. We subsequently found that sustained pharmacological ALDH3A1 activation is critical to enhance regeneration of murine submandibular gland after radiation damage. Further investigation shows that ALDH3A1 function is crucial for SSPC self-renewal and survival even in the absence of radiation stress. Salivary glands from Aldh3a1–/– mice have fewer acinar structures than wildtype mice. ALDH3A1 deletion or pharmacological inhibition in SSPC leads to a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, lower expression of mitochondrial specific genes and proteins, structural abnormalities, lower membrane potential, and reduced cellular respiration. Loss or inhibition of ALDH3A1 also elevates ROS levels, depletes glutathione pool, and accumulates ALDH3A1 substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, a lipid peroxidation product), leading to decreased survival of murine SSPC that can be rescued by treatment with 4-HNE specific carbonyl scavengers. Our data indicate that ALDH3A1 activity protects mitochondrial function and is important for the regeneration activity of SSPC. This knowledge will help to guide our translational strategy of applying ALDH3A1 activators in the clinic to prevent radiation-related hyposalivation in head and neck cancer patients.
Identifying relevant determinants of in-hospital time to diagnosis for ANCA-associated vasculitis patients
Authors: Dirikgil Ebru , Tas Sander W , Verburgh Cornelis A , Soonawala Darius , Hak A Elisabeth , Remmelts Hilde H F , IJpelaar Daphne , Laverman Gozewijn D , Rutgers Abraham , van Laar Jaap M , Moens Hein J Bernelot , Verhoeven Peter M J , Rabelink Ton J , Bos Willem Jan W , Teng Y K Onno 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnosing patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) can be challenging owing to its rarity and complexity. Diagnostic delay can have severe consequences, such as chronic organ damage or even death. Given that few studies have addressed diagnostic pathways to identify opportunities to improve, we performed a clinical audit to evaluate the diagnostic phase.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study of electronic medical records data in hospitals focused on diagnostic procedures during the first assessment until diagnosis.

Results
We included 230 AAV patients from nine hospitals. First assessments were mainly performed by a specialist in internal medicine (52%), pulmonology (14%), ENT (13%) or rheumatology (10%). The overall median time to diagnosis was 13 [interquartile range: 2–49] days, and in patients primarily examined by a specialist in internal medicine it was 6 [1–25] days, rheumatology 14 [4–45] days, pulmonology 15 [5–70] days and ENT 57 [16–176] days (P = 0.004). Twenty-two of 31 (71%) patients primarily assessed by a specialist in ENT had non-generalized disease, of whom 14 (64%) had ENT-limited activity. Two hundred and nineteen biopsies were performed in 187 patients (81%). Histopathological support for AAV was observed in 86% of kidney biopsies, 64% of lung biopsies and 34% of ENT biopsies.

Conclusion
In The Netherlands, AAV is diagnosed and managed predominantly by internal medicine specialists. Diagnostic delay was associated with non-generalized disease and ENT involvement at presentation. Additionally, ENT biopsies had a low diagnostic yield, in contrast to kidney and lung biopsies. Awareness of this should lead to more frequent consideration of AAV and early referral for a multidisciplinary approach when AAV is suspected.
Expert Review: Prevention of Obstetrical Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Friedman A. , D’Alton M. 
Published: June 2022

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225:228–236)
Approximately 9% to 10% of maternal deaths are related to thrombotic pulmonary embolism. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the American Society of Hematology, the National Partnership for Maternal Safety, and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine have all published dissimilar recommendations for obstetrical venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Several additional studies have concluded mechanical prophylaxis alone was ineffective during childbirth and during recovery and sequential compression devices were only in use 17% to 21% of the time. While the use of mechanical prophylaxis has become more common, the mortality rate for VTE has not decreased. The United Kingdom implemented guidelines in 2004 for low–molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis and has shown a 40% reduction in maternal deaths from VTE. However, cost, lack of evidence, and safety concerns are included in the argument against heparin prophylaxis. This review focuses on guidelines for heparin prophylaxis during antepartum hospitalizations and following cesarean deliveries (CD).
The Effect of Structured Delivery Preparation Education On Birth Preference
Authors: Til A. , Bostanci M. 
Published: June 2022

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2021;154:459–465)
The global rates of cesarean delivery (CD) have increased significantly, from 6.7% in 1990 to 31% in 2010-2011. In some countries the CD rate was as high as 53.1% in 2017. In Turkey the CD rate rose from 21.2% in 2003, to 36.7% in 2008, to 48.1% in 2013. Although CD is vital to prevent maternal or fetal mortality in some situations, the side effects include longer recovery time, uterine infection, blood clots, postpartum hemorrhage, and increased risks in future pregnancies. In an effort to decrease unnecessary CD, an interventional study was performed between February 2018 and May 2018 in Denizli, Turkey to see if delivery education on normal vaginal delivery (NVD) would influence delivery method.
Associations of Thrombocytopenia, Transaminase Elevations, and Transfusion With Laboratory Coagulation Tests in Women With Preeclampsia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Combs D.J. , Gray K.J. , Schulman S. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: June 2022

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021;46:102972)
Preeclampsia is associated with increased incidence of thrombocytopenia (TCP) and coagulopathy, causing concern about obstetric hemorrhage [postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)] and spinal-epidural hematoma with neuraxial procedures. In the absence of other contraindications, a patient with a platelet count >70×109/L and normal platelet function should be a candidate for a neuraxial procedure. Coagulation testing is not routine in preeclamptic women. Previous data and guidelines on the relationship between coagulation testing and risk of complications from neuraxial procedures are inconsistent. This study aimed to better understand the use of coagulation testing in patients with preeclampsia.
Clinical Profiles of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: The PACCRETA Population-based Study
Authors: Kayem G. , Seco A. , Beucher G. , Dupont C. , Branger B. , Creen Herbert C. , Huissoud C. , Freeson J. , Winer N. , Langer B. , Rozenberg P. , Morel O. , Bonnet M.P. , Perrotin F. , Azria E. , Carbillon L. , Chiesa C. , Raynal P. , Rudigoz R.C. , Dreyfus M. , Vendittelli F. , Patrier S. , Deneuz-Tharaux C. , Sentilhes L. 
Published: June 2022

(BJOG. 2021;128:1646–1655)
Placenta accreta occurs when a placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Placenta increta and percreta are more severe forms where the placenta embeds further into the uterine myometrium or grows through the uterus to other nearby organs. All three of these conditions are included in placenta accreta spectrum or PAS. The major complications of PAS include the placenta not being able to normally deliver leading to heavy bleeding and potential hysterectomy. PAS is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity and occurs in 1.7 to 4.6 per 10,000 deliveries. Due to the rise in cesarean deliveries (CD) the rate of PAS has been reported as high as 90 per 10,000 in recent years.
Hyperbaric Prilocaine Versus Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section: A Comparative Rrandomized Double-blind Study
Authors: Chapron K. , Sleth J.C. , Capdevila X. , Bringuier S. , Dadure C. 
Published: June 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2021;76:777–784. [Epub January 11, 2021])
Spinal anesthesia is the standard technique for patients undergoing cesarean delivery (CD). Bupivacaine has been a mainstay for spinal anesthesia for decades due to its minimal onset time and extended duration of motor and sensory block. There are disadvantages, however, such as some effect variability between patients. Prilocaine is a newer local anesthetic and is expected to provide a shorter duration of motor block. The aim of this study is to compare the motor block durations of hyperbaric prilocaine and bupivacaine when used for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing elective CD.