bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization and expression profiling of transformer 2 and fruitless-like homologs in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon
Authors: Thaijongrak Prawporn , Chotwiwatthanakun Charoonroj , Laphyai Phaivit , Prachumwat Anuphap , Kruangkum Thanapong , Sobhon Prasert , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun 
Published: February 2022

Transformer 2 (tra 2) and fruitless (fru) genes have been proven to play a key role in sex determination pathways in many Arthropods, including insects and crustaceans. In this study, a paralog of P. monodon tra 2 (Pmtra 2), P. monodon ovarian associated transformer 2 (PmOvtra 2) and 2 isoforms of P. monodon fruitless-like gene (Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2) were identified and characterized. The full cDNA sequence of PmOvtra 2 consisted of 1,774 bp with the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 744 bp encoding for 247 amino acids. The PmOvtra 2 exhibited a predicted RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domain and two arginine-serine (RS) regions, suggesting its function in RNA splicing. The full cDNA sequence of Pmfru-1 consisted of 1,306 bp with 1,182 bp ORF encoding for 393 amino acids, whereas the full cDNA sequence of Pmfru-2 consisted of 1,858 bp with 1,437 bp ORF encoding 478 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences of Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 exhibited highly conserved domains of Fru proteins, including Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB), and zinc finger (ZF) domains. In addition, Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 were suggestively originated from the same single genomic locus by genomic sequence analysis. Specifically, Pmfru pre-mRNA was alternatively spliced for Pmfru-1 and Pmfru-2 to include mutually exclusive exon 7 and exon 6, respectively. Temporal and spatial expression of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 were also investigated by qPCR. The results showed that all were expressed in early developmental stages with undifferentiated gonads starting from nauplius until postlarvae. The expression of PmOvtra 2 started at nauplius stage and gradually increased from mysis to postlarvae (PL) 1. However, the expression of Pmfru-1 was low at the nauplii stage and slightly increased from protozoea to PL5, whereas the expression of Pmfru-2 maintained a low level from nauplius to mysis and then gradually increased at the PL stages. Expressions of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 were detected in various tissues including nervous tissue, gill, heart, hepatopancreas, gut, and gonads. Interestingly, the sexually dimorphic expression of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 was demonstrated in fully developed gonads in which the ovary showed significantly higher expressions than the testis. The great difference in the expression pattern of PmOvtra 2, Pmfru-1, and Pmfru-2 in the ovary and testis suggested their roles in the female sex determination in P. monodon.
Game-Based Learning (GBL) in Teaching Primary Mathematics
Authors: Arciosa Ramil M. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Determine the effectiveness of the Game-Based Learning(GBL) using theSnake-and-Ladder mechanical game boarding in teaching primarymathematics like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of wholenumbers.
Methodology: Descriptive and experimental method. In descriptive method,where the developed mechanical Game-Based Learning, validated by eighty (80) pre-service teachers as major teaching strategy in primary mathematics and tested its’ effectiveness using the pre and post-test design.
Results: In validating the mechanical GBL (Game-Based Learning) –A mathematical Snake-and Ladder game boarding in eighty (80) pre-service teachers for their practicum-classroom demonstration, manifested agreeable perceptions (x =4.30) terms of technical quality, content quality and instructional quality. Using the mechanical GBL as major instructional aids in teaching basicmathematics got a very satisfactory (x = 3.50) respondents’ responses in theactual classroom demonstration.
Recommendation: Mobile Apps of GBL(Game-Based Learning) development.
Characterization of Ogwuta Source Clay Using Advanced Analytical Tools
Authors: Inya Agha Inya , Uzoamaka Ibezim-Ezeani Millicent , Chidi Obi 
Published: February 2022

One of the naturally abundant minerals with diverse industrial applications is the clay mineral. The choice of application depends on the characteristics of the clay. In this study, internal composition of the large and untapped Ogwuta clay deposit located in Afikpo, South Eastern Nigeria was further investigated as a guide to its applications. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to access its composition. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the clumping of the clay particles was due to edge-to-edge, edge-to-face or face-to-face flocculation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that at temperature range of 153-325°C, the observed weight percent loss (13.67%), consistent with kaolinitic clays, was due to the removal of water of crystallization of the interlayer cations. X-ray diffraction result further revealed kaolinite as the predominant mineral with the presence of quartz and polygorskite.
This study has revealed the applicability of Ogwuta source clay in both industrial and manufacturing activities.
Network Virtualization and Network Hypervisors
Authors: Blenk Andreas , Kellerer Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModern communication networks have to deal with dynamically changing requirements of emerging applications. In order to support such heterogeneous requirements on the same substrate network, concepts for network abstraction and network programmability are essential to offer applications that individually tailored views on the network. Network virtualization is the basic concept to provide an abstraction of a substrate network that can be offered to a network application provider. Here, a network hypervisor realizes the level of indirection between substrate network and virtual network(s). Additional programmability can be offered through the concept of Software‐Defined Networking (SDN). SDN provides a network abstraction based on a centralized view on a network to program individual features such as forwarding rules inside a network. This chapter gives an overview of the networking concept of network virtualization as the example of the virtualization of SDN‐based networks. The combination of network virtualization and Software‐Defined Networking provides full network abstraction and adaptability. We detail the basic features of a network hypervisor, abstraction and isolation, and provide the example of FlowVisor as a prominent network hypervisor example in the state of the art.
Fiber‐Wireless (FiWi)‐Enhanced Mobile Networks in the 6G ERA
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Amin , Maier Martin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although the original premise of 5G networks was to enable the Internet of Everything (IoE) services and applications, the current deployments of such networks prove otherwise. Shortcomings of 5G have recently attracted a great deal of attention from both the research community and the industry to define next‐generation 6G systems, as an enabler of a variety of disruptive applications ranging from extended reality (XR) to haptics. In this article, we review the 6G vision, paying particular attention to its underlying human‐centric premise. We then elaborate on the recently emerging concepts of Tactile Internet and Internet of No Things, which are envisioned to be enabled over FiWi‐enhanced low‐latency LTE‐Advanced (LTE‐A) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using a TDM/WDM 1/10 Gb/s Ethernet passive optical network (PON) backhaul and a Wi‐Fi offloading front end with artificial intelligence (AI)‐enhanced multiaccess edge computing (MEC) servers placed at the optical‐wireless interfaces.
Structure Inversion‐Bridged Sequential Amino Acid Metabolism Disturbance Potentiates Photodynamic‐Evoked Immunotherapy
Authors: Lei Lei , Cai Shengsheng , Zhang Yan , Yang Lianyi , Deng Jin , Mei Heng , Zhang Xuequan , Zhang Kun , He Bin , Cao Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated immunotherapy is decided by the ROS level and immunosuppressive microenvironment. This report shows the construction of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor dimers (d‐ss‐DO)‐loaded polymer nanoparticles assembled from Ce6‐tethered disulfide bond‐bridged copolymers. The biomimetic polymeric nanoparticles can serve as glutathione peroxidase to deplete glutathione (GSH) and realize the dense‐to‐loose structure inversion (SI) arising from GSH‐triggered disulfide bonds breakage, which favors d‐ss‐DO release and GSH‐arised d‐ss‐DO cleavage into monomer. This sequential GSH metabolism disturbance can break the redox equilibrium and induce cell dyshomeostasis for facilitating more ROS accumulation and removing cancer stress protection in the photodynamic process. More significantly, the cleaved monomer modulates tryptophan (Trp) metabolism for blockading IDO immune escape target and liberating IDO‐induced immune dampening effect, which along with massively accumulated ROS, mitigates the immunosuppressive microenvironment for potentiating systematic immune responses and increasing tumor vulnerability especially after combining with anti‐PD‐L1. Thus, the SI‐bridged sequential amino acid (i.e., GSH, Trp) metabolism disturbance brings about the largest photodynamic‐evoked immunotherapeutic consequences against breast cancer and melanoma via altering the expressions of apoptosis—amino acids biosynthesis—and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis‐related genes, thus holding high potential in ROS‐activated immunotherapy.
The Development of Chiral Nanoparticles to Target NK Cells and CD8+ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zhao Jing , Hao Changlong , Hu Shudong , Chen Chen , Cao Yi , Xu Zhengyu , Guo Jun , Xu Liguang , Sun Maozhong , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chirality of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, NPs) can influence their interaction with cells and biological systems. However, how chirality can exert impact on the immune response has yet to be investigated. Here, the immunological effect of chiral nanomaterials is investigated as a therapeutic and preventive option against tumors. Compared with achiral nanoparticles, chiral NPs with a g‐factor of 0.44 are shown to enhance both innate and acquired immunity against tumor growth. It is also found that chiral NPs enhance the activation of CD8+ T and natural killer cells (CD69+ NK cells) by stimulating dendritic cells (DCs). Importantly, L‐type NPs induce a 1.65‐fold higher proportion of CD8+ T and CD69+ NK cells than D‐type NPs. Next, the therapeutic and preventative effects of chiral NPs against tumors in a EG7.OVA tumor model are investigated. It is found that L‐type NPs have a significant greater ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells and prolong the survival time of model mice than D‐type NPs. Mice treated with L‐type NPs induce the activation of 84.98 ± 6.63% CD8+ T cells and 33.62 ± 3.41% of NK cells in tumor tissues; these are 1.62‐fold and 1.39‐fold higher than that seen in the mice treated with D‐type NPs. Mechanistic studies reveal that chiral NPs exert mechanical force on bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and stimulate the expression of cytokines to induce cytotoxic activity in NK cells. Synergistically, the CD8+ T cells are stimulated to eliminate tumor cells via antigen cross presentation. The force of interaction between L‐type NPs and cells is higher than that for D‐NPs, thus further promoting the activation of NK cells and CD8+ T cells and their infiltration into tumor tissue. These findings open up a new avenue for chiral nanomaterials to act as immunoadjuvants for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
An Engineered Protein−Au Bioplaster for Efficient Skin Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wei Zheng , Sun Jing , Lu Shuang , Liu Yawei , Wang Bo , Zhao Lai , Wang Zili , Liu Kai , Li Jingjing , Su Juanjuan , Wang Fan , Zhang Hongjie , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMelanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancer and may occur at any site and express melanocytes. Due to malignant melanoma's invasion and migration nature, conventional therapies make it challenging to remove the whole tumor tissue while undertaking the high risks of tumor recurrence. Regarding the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy, drug resistance and low immunotherapeutic activity remain significant challenges. It is thus becoming urgently important to develop alternative strategies for melanoma therapy. Herein, a novel bifunctional protein‐based photothermal bioplaster (PPTB) is developed for non‐invasive tumor therapy and skin tissue regeneration. The complexation of adhesive protein and gold nanorods (GNRs) endow the obtained PPTB with good biocompatibility, controllable near‐infrared (NIR) light‐mediated adhesion performance, and high photothermal performance. Therefore, the PPTB bioagent facilitates skin adhesion and effectively transfers heat from skin to tumor. This behavior endows PPTB capability to eradicate skin tumors conveniently. Thus, the assembly strategy enables this hybrid bioplaster to hold great potential for skin‐related tumor treatment.
Toward Surfaces with Droplet Impact Robustness and Low Contact Angle Hysteresis
Authors: Ding Wenwu , Dorao Carlos A. , Fernandino Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces show excellent water repellent performance. However, liquid impalement occurs when a droplet impacts on the surface at high velocity. To achieve higher resistance to liquid impalement at the same scale, a dense array of structures or structures with pinning at the structures top are typically used, but they also lead to increased contact angle hysteresis and higher energy dissipation. Changing the structure side wall shape can help to maintain low hysteresis and withstand high impact energy at the same scale. Droplet contact angle, contact angle hysteresis and droplet impact experiments are performed on both conical and cylindrical pillar surfaces. Comparing conical and cylindrical pillar structures with the same pitch and height, it is found that cylindrical pillars exhibit higher critical Weber number but result in larger contact angle hysteresis and larger liquid residue size when above a critical Weber number. A proper design of conical structures can maintain large contact angle, low hysteresis, strong resistance to impalement, higher number of bouncing and smaller liquid residue size. In addition, the critical Weber number for the conical structures in this work is higher than micro‐patterned pillar surfaces at the same pitch range, implying that we improve the anti‐wetting performance further.
Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Dworakowska Sylwia , Lorandi Francesca , Gorczyński Adam , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReversible‐deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
A Mott–Schottky Heterogeneous Layer for Li–S Batteries: Enabling Both High Stability and Commercial‐Sulfur Utilization
Authors: Shi Mengjiao , Liu Zheng , Zhang Su , Liang Shichuan , Jiang Yuting , Bai He , Jiang Zimu , Chang Jin , Feng Jing , Chen Wenshuai , Yu Haipeng , Liu Shouxin , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are severely impeded by their poor cycling stability and low sulfur utilization due to the inevitable polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics. This work reports a Mott–Schottky RGO‐PANI/MoS2 (RPM) heterogeneous layer modified separator for commercial‐sulfur‐based LSBs through the vertical growth of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) arrays on the polyaniline (PANI) in situ reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Due to the synergistic effects of the “reservoir” constructed by MoS2 and RGO‐PANI, strong absorbability, high conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity, RPM exhibits a successive “trapping–interception–conversion” behavior toward lithium polysulfides. As a result, the LSBs assembled using a commercial‐sulfur as the cathode and RPM as modified layer exhibit high sulfur utilization (3.8 times higher than that of the unmodified separator at 5 C), excellent rate performance (553 mAh g−1 at 10 C), and outstanding high‐rate cycle stability (524 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 5 C). Moreover, even at a high sulfur loading of 5.4 mg cm−2, a favorable areal capacity of 3.8 mAh cm−2 is still maintained after 80 cycles. Theoretical calculations elucidate that such a systematic strategy can effectively suppress the shuttling effect and boost the catalytic conversion of intercepted polysulfides. This work may provide a feasible strategy to promote the practical application of commercial‐sulfur‐based LSBs.
Corn and soybean prevented planting acres response to weather
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Park Eunchun , Yun Seong D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe determine how monthly precipitation and temperature before and during planting impacts US corn and soybean prevented planting acres using county‐level data from 1996 to 2019. Corn and soybean prevented planting acres were responsive to precipitation and temperature. Precipitation from January through May impacted corn prevented planting acres, but precipitation in May and June impacted soybean prevented planting acres. Additionally, higher average temperature in April decreased corn and soybean prevented planting acres. We find the cooler and wetter April and May months will increase the prevented planting acres. Results provide insight into how weather can impact prevented planting acres and indemnities.
KBG syndrome in a Chinese population: A case series
Authors: Ho Stephanie , Luk Ho‐Ming , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKBG syndrome (OMIM #148050) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of macrodontia of the permanent central upper incisors, characteristic facial features, delay in development, intellectual disability, short stature, and various skeletal abnormalities. Over 200 affected individuals have been described worldwide, though underdiagnosis is suspected because the characteristic features are variably present and affected individuals can have a mild phenotype. This case series provides a summary of the clinical and molecular characteristics of 10 Chinese KBG syndrome patients recruited from a single center. To our knowledge, this is the first case series for Chinese KBG patients. This case series aimed at exploring potential ethnicity‐related variability in KBG syndrome.
Synaptic density and cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease: A PET imaging study with [11C]UCB‐J
Authors: Mecca Adam P. , O'Dell Ryan S. , Sharp Emily S. , Banks Emmie R. , Bartlett Hugh H. , Zhao Wenzhen , Lipior Sylwia , Diepenbrock Nina G. , Chen Ming‐Kai , Naganawa Mika , Toyonaga Takuya , Nabulsi Nabeel B. , Vander Wyk Brent C. , Arnsten Amy F. T. , Huang Yiyun , Carson Richard E. , van Dyck Christopher H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionFor 30 years synapse loss has been referred to as the major pathological correlate of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this statement is based on remarkably few patients studied by autopsy or biopsy. With the recent advent of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we have begun to evaluate the consequences of synaptic alterations in vivo.MethodsWe examined the relationship between synaptic density measured by [11C]UCB‐J PET and neuropsychological test performance in 45 participants with early AD.ResultsGlobal synaptic density showed a significant positive association with global cognition and performance on five individual cognitive domains in participants with early AD. Synaptic density was a stronger predictor of cognitive performance than gray matter volume.ConclusionThese results confirm neuropathologic studies demonstrating a significant association between synaptic density and cognitive performance, and suggest that this correlation extends to the early stages of AD.
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the orbit: A rare clinical entity
Authors: Maamri Kais , Ben Fredj Rihab , Nessib Nesrine , Trifa Amine , Hadhri Maher , Elkahla Ghassen , Ben Nsir Atef , Darmoul Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary mucinous adenocarcinoma is an exceptionally rare neoplasm with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis. We report the second case in the world literature of a primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the orbit in a 66‐year‐old man suffering from pain, progressive protrusion of left eye, and a deep drop in vision on the left for several weeks. His first external examination revealed significant proptosis with downward displacement of the left globe with no signs of lagophthalmos. A limitation of abduction was also noted. A CT of the orbit with and without contrast showed intra‐ and extra‐conical solid expansive process. MRI of the orbit with contrast and without contrast has shown a process of the supero‐internal angle of the left orbit. The patient was operated via a combined approach, and complete enucleation was done. The final pathologic diagnosis was mucinous adenocarcinoma of the orbit. The postoperative neuroimaging showed a complete resection of the tumor. The patient is referred for adjuvant radiotherapy. A CT of the orbit was made 3 months postoperatively and did not show any local recurrence.
Production of Biodegradable Bioplastics Filled with Jordanian Olive Tree Leaves
Authors: Kandah Munther I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPetroleum‐based plastics have been causing severe ecological problems to the environment, posing a threat to the marine life as well as the quality of air. A biodegradable bioplastic was produced using natural and biodegradable materials, such as gelatin, glycerol, and water, together with natural agricultural wastes, such as Jordanian olive tree leaves as reinforced fillers within the bioplastics. The study aimed to investigate the type and percentage of each bioplastic component (biopolymer + plasticizer + other additive) and the influence of the percentage of the olive leaves on the mechanical properties of the produced bioplastic. It was found that, as the concentration of olive leaves increased, the density decreased; the ductility also decreased down to 7 %, then increased.