bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ecological view of executive function in young children: Variation in and predictors of executive function skills over one school year
Authors: Barnes Sophie P. , Jones Stephanie M. , Bailey Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor many years, researchers studied executive functions (EFs) in the laboratory with a focus on understanding an individual child's development and brain processes in a controlled environment. Building on this foundational research, there is a growing interest in EFs in the context of a child's dynamic, social world, and the contextual and compositional factors influencing EF development. This paper provides a descriptive view of EFs in 1112 K‐3 children from six schools in Phoenix, AZ, USA. The study's goals were to examine (1) variation in EF scores between and within schools and classrooms, (2) predictors of variation in children's spring EF scores, and (3) individual and compositional predictors of children's spring EF scores. Our findings indicate greater variation in children's EF within schools than between, with very little or no variation arising from differences between schools. Though we observed greater variation within classrooms than between them, a notable amount of variance in children's spring EF scores appears to arise from differences between classrooms. Classroom‐level variables, including a fall leave‐out classroom mean (without the students’ own score) and the number of children in the top or bottom grade‐level quartiles in each classroom, were significant predictors of variation in spring EF scores as well as in fall to spring changes in EF. In some cases, the classroom variables were stronger predictors than individual fall scores. Findings suggest that understanding variation and cultivating growth in EF skills requires intervention, measurement, and analytic approaches that extend beyond the individual to include compositional features of the classroom environment.Research Highlights
Variation in children's EF scores (n = 1112 children) was greater within schools (n = 6 schools) than between, with very little or no variance arising from differences between schools.
While variance was greater within classrooms than between (n = 67 classrooms), a notable amount of variance in children's spring EF scores appears to arise from differences between classrooms.
Classroom‐level variables (e.g., leave‐out mean, number of children in the top or bottom grade‐level quartiles in each classroom) were significant predictors of variation and of changes in spring EF outcomes.
In some cases, the classroom variables were stronger predictors of spring EF than individual fall scores.
Lived experience of older adults with type 1 diabetes using closed‐loop automated insulin delivery in a randomised trial
Authors: Kubilay Erin , Trawley Steven , Ward Glenn M. , Fourlanos Spiros , Grills Charlotte A. , Lee Melissa H. , MacIsaac Richard J. , O'Neal David N. , O'Regan Niamh A. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Vogrin Sara , Colman Peter G. , McAuley Sybil A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the lived experience of older adults with type 1 diabetes using closed‐loop automated insulin delivery, an area previously receiving minimal attention.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with adults aged 60 years or older with long‐duration type 1 diabetes who participated in a randomised, open‐label, two‐stage crossover trial comparing first‐generation closed‐loop therapy (MiniMed 670G) versus sensor‐augmented pump therapy. Interview recordings were transcribed, thematically analysed and assessed.ResultsTwenty‐one older adults participated in interviews after using closed‐loop therapy. Twenty were functionally independent, without frailty or major cognitive impairment; one was dependent on caregiver assistance, including for diabetes management. Quality of life benefits were identified, including improved sleep and reduced diabetes‐related psychological burden, in the context of experiencing improved glucose levels. Gaps between expectations and reality of closed‐loop therapy were also experienced, encountering disappointment amongst some participants. The cost was perceived as a barrier to continued closed‐loop access post‐trial. Usability issues were identified, such as disruptive overnight alarms and sensor inaccuracy.ConclusionsThe lived experience of older adults without frailty or major cognitive impairment using first‐generation closed‐loop therapy was mainly positive and concordant with glycaemic benefits found in the trial. Older adults' lived experience using automated insulin delivery beyond trial environments requires exploration; moreover, the usability needs of older adults should be considered during future device development.
An imperfect wealth tax and employment in closely held firms
Authors: Bjørneby Marie , Markussen Simen , Røed Knut 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuelled by increasing inequality and rising fiscal deficits, the interest in wealth taxation has grown over recent years, both in the public debate and in academia. A key concern is that the wealth tax may reduce the amount of capital available to closely held firms and drag down their employment. Yet knowledge about the behavioural effects of a wealth tax is limited. A wealth tax is almost by construction imperfect, as the value of some assets is unobserved. In particular, intangible assets held by non‐traded firms are in practice tax‐exempt, giving firm owners an incentive to allocate wealth into their businesses, for example, in the form of (untaxed) human capital investments. We utilize rich Norwegian register data and a series of tax reforms implemented between 2007 and 2017 to study how a net wealth tax imposed on owners of small and medium‐sized businesses affects their firms' employment. Identification of causal effects is based on a saturated control function approach, fully isolating the influence of tax reforms. Our results indicate a positive causal relationship between the level of a household's wealth tax and subsequent employment growth in the taxpayers' closely held firms.
Political connections and bank behaviour
Authors: Ghosh Saibal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing disaggregated data on Indian state‐owned banks, we study how political connections influence their lending behaviour. The findings indicate an overall credit expansion of 10% during election years for banks with political connections, driven by increased lending to agriculture and Small and Medium Enterprises. Further disaggregation reveals cycles in such lending driven by electoral considerations, primarily for banks with political connections. In turn, there is a gradual weakening in the asset quality of these banks. The net effect is manifest in lower productivity. The key policy implication is that electoral manipulation exerts significant economic costs.
Exploring modern bank penetration: Evidence from early twentieth‐century Netherlands
Authors: Gelderblom Oscar , Jonker Joost , Peeters Ruben , de Vicq Amaury 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyse the estate composition of the richest 30 per cent of people who died in the Netherlands in 1921 to find that households used a broad range of institutions to meet their financial demands. Goods and services were either paid in cash or settled periodically with suppliers. Despite the strong growth of commercial banking in the previous decades, households still made extensive use of peer‐to‐peer loans, with or without the added security of notarial contracts. Banks only possessed a competitive edge in savings accounts for small surpluses and current accounts, the latter used most frequently by business owners born after 1870. Distance to the nearest bank office did not matter for these people, but wealthy urbanites were more inclined to use banks than their counterparts in the countryside.
Thermomechanical fatigue of round tube specimens manufactured by precision directional solidification casting method
Authors: Song Xing , Shen Jie , Teng Xuefeng , Jiang Yun , Nie Xiangfan , Hu Xiaoan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, a superalloy round tube specimen prepared by directional precision casting without mechanical turning is experimentally investigated under the thermomechanical fatigue conditions of the in‐phase and out‐of‐phase thermomechanical angels from 500°C to 1000°C. The deformation behavior and damage mechanism of the round tube specimens under TMF load are discussed. It was confirmed that the tension–compression asymmetry under TMF cycling is affected by temperature–load phasing and mechanical strain range. Moreover, the damage to round tube specimens includes creep, fatigue and oxidation. Due to the concentrated stress, the rough surface of the specimen provides suitable locations for crack initiation. A novel life prediction approach that combines the Neu–Sehitoglu model and modified Manson–Coffin model was proposed in response to the traditional life model's insufficient prediction performance. This method may explain the TMF life of precision cast specimens.
Investigating the effects of anthropogenic stressors on lake biota using sedimentary DNA
Authors: Barouillet Cécilia , Monchamp Marie‐Eve , Bertilsson Stefan , Brasell Katie , Domaizon Isabelle , Epp Laura S. , Ibrahim Anan , Mejbel Hebah , Nwosu Ebuka Canisius , Pearman John K. , Picard Maïlys , Thomson‐Laing Georgia , Tsugeki Narumi , Von Eggers Jordan , Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Pick Frances , Wood Susanna A. , Capo Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Analyses of sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) have increased exponentially over the last decade and hold great potential to study the effects of anthropogenic stressors on lake biota over time.

Herein, we synthesise the literature that has applied a sedDNA approach to track historical changes in lake biodiversity in response to anthropogenic impacts, with an emphasis on the past c. 200 years.

We identified the following research themes that are of particular relevance: (1) eutrophication and climate change as key drivers of limnetic communities; (2) increasing homogenisation of limnetic communities across large spatial scales; and (3) the dynamics and effects of invasive species as traced in lake sediment archives.

Altogether, this review highlights the potential of sedDNA to draw a more comprehensive picture of the response of lake biota to anthropogenic stressors, opening up new avenues in the field of paleoecology by unrevealing a hidden historical biodiversity, building new paleo‐indicators, and reflecting either taxonomic or functional attributes.

Broadly, sedDNA analyses provide new perspectives that can inform ecosystem management, conservation, and restoration by offering an approach to measure ecological integrity and vulnerability, as well as ecosystem functioning.
Landscape‐variability of the carbon balance across managed boreal forests
Authors: Peichl Matthias , Martínez‐García Eduardo , Fransson Johan E. S. , Wallerman Jörgen , Laudon Hjalmar , Lundmark Tomas , Nilsson Mats B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBoreal forests are important global carbon (C) sinks and, therefore, considered as a key element in climate change mitigation policies. However, their actual C sink strength is uncertain and under debate, particularly for the actively managed forests in the boreal regions of Fennoscandia. In this study, we use an extensive set of biometric‐ and chamber‐based C flux data collected in 50 forest stands (ranging from 5 to 211 years) over 3 years (2016–2018) with the aim to explore the variations of the annual net ecosystem production (NEP; i.e., the ecosystem C balance) across a 68 km2 managed boreal forest landscape in northern Sweden. Our results demonstrate that net primary production rather than heterotrophic respiration regulated the spatio‐temporal variations of NEP across the heterogeneous mosaic of the managed boreal forest landscape. We further find divergent successional patterns of NEP in our managed forests relative to naturally regenerating boreal forests, including (i) a fast recovery of the C sink function within the first decade after harvest due to the rapid establishment of a productive understory layer and (ii) a sustained C sink in old stands (131–211 years). We estimate that the rotation period for optimum C sequestration extends to 138 years, which over multiple rotations results in a long‐term C sequestration rate of 86.5 t C ha−1 per rotation. Our study highlights the potential of forest management to maximize C sequestration of boreal forest landscapes and associate climate change mitigation effects by developing strategies that optimize tree biomass production rather than heterotrophic soil C emissions.
Spindle cell lipoma of the buccal mucosa: Uncommon finding in an older adult
Authors: Brooks John K. , Rostami Arash , Zhou Cindy Q. , Sultan Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThis article reports a case of a longstanding, slowly enlarging intraoral spindle cell lipoma (SCL) that had become increasingly painful during mastication.BackgroundThe SCL represents an uncommon variant of the conventional lipoma. There is limited information regarding this lesion in the gerodontologic literature.Materials and MethodsA 68‐year‐old patient underwent an excisional biopsy of a 9‐mm slightly yellow papule along the buccal mucosa.ResultsThe surgical specimen was composed of mature adipocytes with abundant spindle cell populations and was diagnosed as a SCL.ConclusionsTimely removal of the SCL may reduce the incidence of clinical and surgical complications, particularly in older adults. The management of a SCL is complete excision, and recurrence is rare. Lesions must be carefully distinguished microscopically from its malignant counterpart, the spindle cell liposarcoma.
Helicobacter pylori regulated microRNA map of human gastric cells
Authors: Ramesh Poornima , Babu Sreeranjini , Ammankallu Shruthi , Codi Jalaluddin Akbar Kandel , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Raju Rajesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is an infection of concern for its chronic colonization leading to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In recent times, microRNAs have been extensively studied to understand their role in the pathogenesis of this bacteria in diverse contexts of gastric diseases. The current analysis reports the microRNA‐mRNA interactions that are associated with effective survival and virulence of this pathogen.Materials and MethodsWe convened differentially regulated human microRNAs responsive to H. pylori infection (HP‐hDEmiRs) at different multiplicity of infection and time points in human gastric cell lines through retrospective data mining of experimental studies. In view of the molecular disparity of clinical samples and animal models, data from tissue, serum/plasma, urine, and ascites were excluded. Further, we utilized diverse bioinformatics approaches to retrieve experimentally validated, high‐confidence targets of the HP‐hDEmiRs to analyze the microRNA‐mRNA interactions that are relevant to H. pylori pathogenesis.ResultsA total of 39 HP‐hDEmiRs that showed unidirectional expression of either overexpression or downregulation were identified to modulate 23 targets explicitly studied under this infection. We also identified 476 experimentally validated targets regulated by at least 4 of the HP‐hDEmiRs. In addition to the pathways prior‐associated with H. pylori infection, the microRNA‐mRNA interactome analysis identified several cellular processes and pathways highly associated with cell cycle, cell division, migration, and carcinogenesis.ConclusionThis study generated a platform to study the mechanisms utilized by this pathogen using microRNAs as surrogate.
Characteristics of crustal structures in the Yamato Basin, sea of Japan, deduced from seismic explorations
Authors: Sato Takeshi , No Tetsuo , Kodaira Shuichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrustal structures around the Yamato Basin in the southeastern Sea of Japan, inferred from recent ocean bottom seismography (OBS) and active‐source seismological studies, are reviewed to elucidate various stages of crustal modification involved from rifting in the crust of the surrounding continental arc to the production of oceanic crust in the Yamato Basin of the back‐arc basin. The northern, central, and southern areas of the Yamato Basin have crustal thicknesses of approximately 12–16 km, and lowermost crusts with P‐wave velocities greater than 7.2 km/s. Very few units have P‐wave velocities in the range 5.4–6.0 km/s, which corresponds to the continental upper crust. These findings, combined with previous geochemical analysis of basalt samples, are interpreted to indicate that a thick oceanic crust has been formed in these areas of the basin, and that this oceanic crust has been underplated by mantle‐derived magma. In the central Yamato Basin, the original continental crust has been fully breached and oceanic crust has been formed. Conversely, the presence of a unit corresponding to the continental upper crust and the absence of a high‐velocity part in the lower crust implies that the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin has a rifted crust without significant intrusion. The Oki Trough has a crust that is 17–19 km thick with a high‐velocity lower crust and a unit corresponding to the continental upper crust. The formation of the Oki Trough resulted from rifting with magmatic intrusion and/or underplating. We interpret these variations in the crustal characteristics of the Yamato Basin area as reflecting various instances of crustal modification by thinning and magmatic intrusion due to back‐arc extension, resulting in the production of a thick oceanic crust in the basin.
Utility of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and serum calcium levels in cutaneous sarcoidosis
Authors: Evenson Collin J. , Rosenbach Misha , Shields Bridget E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology but is theorized to result from immune overactivity in the setting of an environmental or genetic trigger. It most commonly affects the lungs and lymph nodes but can affect other organ systems, with cutaneous involvement in 30% of patients. The granulomas associated with sarcoidosis lead to increased activity of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and 1α‐hydroxylase resulting in an uncontrolled synthesis of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 by macrophages, along with elevated serum ACE and calcium levels. Serum ACE and calcium levels are frequently ordered when a patient is diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis. However, their clinical utility in this setting remains unknown.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, we assessed serum ACE and calcium levels in 19 patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis diagnosed by histopathology without preceding evidence of systemic involvement. Serum ACE and calcium levels were also investigated as markers in the progression from mono‐organ cutaneous sarcoidosis to systemic sarcoidosis.ResultsNo patients with biopsy‐proven cutaneous sarcoidosis had abnormal levels of serum calcium at presentation in a cohort of 17 patients at a single institution. An abnormally elevated ACE level was only seen in one of 13 patients presenting with cutaneous sarcoidosis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that serum ACE and calcium levels are not reliable markers of either cutaneous sarcoidosis or the progression to systemic sarcoidosis.
Pathways to social value and social change: An integrative review of the social entrepreneurship literature
Authors: Hietschold Nadine , Voegtlin Christian , Scherer Andreas Georg , Gehman Joel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSocial entrepreneurship has emerged as an important means of addressing grand challenges. Although research on the topic has accelerated, scholars have yet to articulate an overarching framework that links the different pathways taken by social entrepreneurs with the positive effects of these efforts. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a systematic literature review which enabled us to conceptually differentiate between social value and social change as distinct outcomes of social entrepreneurship and identify seven pathways for achieving these outcomes. Building on our analysis, we outline a research agenda for questions pertaining to: the dynamics between social value and social change; how contextual factors and social entrepreneurs influence various pathways; design principles of business models and innovations that facilitate social value and social change; and defining, measuring, and ensuring accountability for social value and social change.
Perceived barriers in family‐based behavioural treatment of paediatric obesity – Results from theFABOstudy
Authors: Skjåkødegård Hanna F. , Hystad Sigurd , Bruserud Ingvild , Conlon Rachel P. K. , Wilfley Denise , Frisk Bente , Roelants Mathieu , Juliusson Petur B. , Danielsen Yngvild S. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryBackgroundTo date, few studies have investigated perceived barriers among those who participate in and drop out of family‐based behavioural treatment (FBT) for paediatric obesity. Examining experienced barriers during treatment, and their role in participation and completion of treatment has important implications for clinical practice.ObjectivesTo compare perceived barriers to participating in a family‐based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) for obesity among families who completed and did not complete treatment.MethodsData were analysed from 90 families of children and adolescents (mean (M)age = 12.8 years, standard deviation (SD) = 3.05) with severe obesity enrolled in a 17‐session FBSFT program. After completing 12 sessions or at the time of dropout, parents and therapists completed theBarriers to Treatment Participation Scale(BTPS), a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = never a problem, 5 = very often a problem) which includes four subscales: 1.Stressors and obstacles that compete with treatment, 2.Treatment demands and issues, 3.Perceived relevance of treatment, 4.Relationship with the therapist.ResultsFamilies who did not complete treatment scored significantly higher on the BTPS subscalesstressors and obstacles that compete with treatment(M = 2.03,SD = 0.53 vs.M = 1.70,SD = 0.42),p = 0.010 andperceived relevance of treatment(M = 2.27,SD = 0.48 vs.M = 1.80,SD = 0.50),p < 0.001 than families who completed treatment. No other significant differences between groups were observed.ConclusionFamilies are more likely to drop out of FBSFT when experiencing a high burden from life stressors or when treatment is not meeting the expectations and perceived needs of the family.
Lymphopenia in sepsis—an acquired immunodeficiency?
Authors: Finfer Simon , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Hotchkiss Richard S , Sasson Sarah C 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSepsis is a global health priority, yet effective host‐directed targeted therapies have not been identified outside of the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Lymphopenia occurs in up to ~52% of patients with sepsis and is associated with a higher mortality at both 30 and 100 days. In COVID‐19, the presence of lymphopenia correlates with intensive care unit admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The mechanisms underpinning lymphopenic sepsis remain unknown, and while high rates of lymphocyte apoptosis have been implicated, the relative contributions of cellular trafficking to inflamed tissues and reduction in lymphopoiesis require investigation. Further delineation of these underlying mechanisms holds the potential to open new avenues for the development of host‐directed therapies in lymphopenic sepsis. These may include recombinant cytokines (e.g. interleukin‐7), monoclonal antibodies (e.g. anti‐interleukin‐1, anti‐programmed cell death protein 1) and small interfering RNA (e.g. targeting interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor beta). Applying the frontier tools of translational cellular and genomic medicine to understand lymphopenia in the setting of critical infections holds the potential to significantly reduce the excessive global burden of sepsis.