bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in flowers ofRhododendron arboreumand evaluation of their antioxidant potential
Authors: Bhatt Vinod , Sendri Nitisha , Swati Km , Devidas Shinde Bhagatsing , Bhandari Pamita 
Published: May 2022

The current study aimed to investigate the anthocyanins, non‐anthocyanins (flavonoids and phenolic acids), and free radicals scavenging potential in the flowers ofRhododendron arboreumusing ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 25 constituents including nine anthocyanins, six phenolic acids, and ten flavonoids were identified in the flower extract. The major anthocyanins identified were cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐galactoside (1), cyanidin‐3‐O‐α‐arabinoside (4), and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside (8), while quercetin glycosides were the main identified flavonoids inR. arboreumflowers. Additionally, ultra high performance liquid chromatography methods were developed and validated for the quantification of nine compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides, and phenolic acids); five of them were quantified using internal standards. The extracts were analyzed for total phenolics (123.6 mg GAE/g), anthocyanin content (1.76% w/w), and evaluated for antioxidant properties against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50: 102.06 and 96.92 μg/mL) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation (112.25 and 45.59 μM TE/g) assays. The profiling ofR. arboreumfor anthocyanins is reported for the first time. The findings suggest that the flowers are a promising source of bioactive constituents and could be used as functional food, antioxidants, and nutraceuticals.
Effects of Nabilone on Sleep Outcomes in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Post‐hoc Analysis of NMS‐Nab Study
Authors: Peball Marina , Seppi Klaus , Krismer Florian , Knaus Hans‐Günther , Spielberger Sabine , Heim Beatrice , Ellmerer Philipp , Werkmann Mario , Poewe Werner , Djamshidian Atbin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol analogue nabilone improved overall non‐motor symptom (NMS) burden in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in comparison to placebo.ObjectivesTo characterize the effects of nabilone on different sleep outcomes in PD patients.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of the controlled, double‐blind, enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal NMS‐Nab study to assess the effects of nabilone on sleep outcomes in study participants who reported clinically‐relevant sleep problems (MDS‐UPDRS‐1.7 ≥ 2 points).ResultsAfter open‐label nabilone administration, 77.4% reported no relevant sleep problem. In the withdrawal phase of the trial, the MDS‐UPDRS‐1.7. and the NMS‐Scale Domain 2 (i.e., Sleep/Fatigue) significantly worsened only in PD patients in the placebo group, which was mostly driven by a significant worsening of insomnia (question 5 of the NMS‐Scale Domain 2).ConclusionsThis post‐hoc analysis of the NMS‐Nab trial suggests that nabilone has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in PD patients experiencing sleep problems at baseline.The original trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03769896, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769896) and EudraCT (2017–000192‐86).
A single‐layered wideband circularly polarized reflectarray using a linearly polarized feed
Authors: Zhou Qiqi , Guo Lu , Feng Wenjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA single‐layered wideband circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray adopting a linearly polarized (LP) feed is designed, fabricated, and tested. The unit‐cell is composed of a pair of orthogonally placed slotted patches and it can offer a linear phase by varying the embedded slot length. The orthogonal patches' exterior dimensions are all identical thus rapid structural changes observed in traditional reflectarrays are circumvented. By manipulating the dimensions of slot length in orthogonal directions, and illuminated by a linearly polarized feed orientated diagonally to the aperture, a circularly polarized radiating wave can be generated. The array is designed at 10 GHz, comprising 529 unit‐cells with 0.3λ spacing. Measured results indicate a circularly polarized wave with a peak aperture efficiency of 46.4% is achieved while the 1‐dB gain bandwidth and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth are 28.8% and 35%, respectively, demonstrating a good overall performance of the design.
A hardening/softening viscoplastic model for large deformation of soil
Authors: Parvaneh Seyed Milad , Foster Craig D. , Chi Sheng‐Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA three‐invariant continuum cap plasticity model with viscoplastic features is developed for modeling the large deformation of soil. Multiple failure mechanisms including combined shear and compaction yielding and loss of strength under tension can be captured by this model. The shear yield surface of the model is formulated to be nonlinear and pressure‐dependent. The model also features a cap surface that governs inelastic compaction hardening. This cap is formulated as an explicit expression of porosity. The differences in triaxial compression and extension strength are also considered. A set of numerical examples are carried out, including triaxial compression and compression‐shear tests, in order to examine the model under confined loading conditions, and observe the formation of shear bands.
Use of prescription medications with cardiovascular adverse effects among older adults in the United States
Authors: Ozenberger Katharine , Alexander G. Caleb , Shin Jung‐Im , Whitsel Eric A. , Qato Dima M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany commonly used prescription medications have cardiovascular adverse effects, yet the cumulative risk of cardiovascular events associated with the concurrent use of these medications is unknown. We examined the association between the concurrent use of prescription medications with known risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (“MACE medications”) and the risk of such events among older adults.MethodsA multi‐center, population‐based study from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study of a cohort of 3669 community‐dwelling adults aged 61–86 years with no history of cardiovascular disease who reported the use of at least one medication between September 2006 and August 2013 were followed up until August 2015. Exposure defined as time‐varying and time‐fixed use of 1, 2 or ≥3 MACE medications with non‐MACE medications serving as negative control. Primary outcome was incident MACE defined as coronary artery revascularization, myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiac arrest, or death.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, there was an increased risk of MACE associated with use of 1, 2, or ≥3 MACE medications (1 MACE: hazards ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.57); 2 MACE: HR 1.89, CI 1.42–2.53; ≥3 MACE: HR 2.22, CI 1.61–3.07) compared to use of non‐MACE medications. These associations persisted in propensity score‐matched analyses and among new users of MACE medications, never users of cardiovascular medications and subgroups of participants with increased risk of MACE. There was no association between the number of non‐MACE medications used and MACE.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this community‐based cohort of older adults with no prior cardiovascular disease, the use of MACE medications was independently and consistently associated with an increased risk of such events in a dose–response fashion.
Evaluation of pH change effects on the HSA folding and its drug binding characteristics, a computational biology investigation
Authors: Gomari Mohammad Mahmoudi , Rostami Neda , Faradonbeh Davood Rabiei , Asemaneh Hamid Reza , Esmailnia Giti , Arab Shahriar , Farsimadan Marziye , Hosseini Arshad , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe binding of therapeutics to human serum albumin (HSA), which is an abundant protein in plasma poses a major challenge in drug discovery. Although HSA has several binding pockets, the binding site I on D2 and binding site II on D3 are the main binding pockets of HSA. To date, a few experiments have been conducted to examine the effects of the potential of hydrogen (pH) changes on HSA attributes. In the present investigation, the effect of acidic (pH 7.1) and basic states (pH 7.7) on HSA structure and its drug binding potency were examined in comparison with the physiological state (pH 7.4). For this purpose, molecular dynamics (MD), free energy landscape (FEL), principal component analysis (PCA), probability distribution function (PDF), tunnel‐cavity investigation, secondary structure analysis, docking study, and free energy investigation were employed to investigate the effect of pH changes on the structural characteristics of HSA at the atomic level. The results obtained from this study revealed the significant effect of pH alterations on the secondary and tertiary structure of HSA. In addition, HSA stability and its drug binding ability can be severely affected following pH changes. Given that pH change frequently occurs in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and kidney failure, therefore, pharmaceutical companies should allocate specific consideration to this subject throughout their drug design experiments.
Atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel versus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel as treatments for Chinese, treatment‐naïve, stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Chen Yingkai , Kang Shizhou , Yan Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe IMpower trials reported significant effects of atezolizumab‐containing chemotherapies on Caucasian patients. Chinese patients differ from their Western counterparts in terms of driver mutations, etiologies, and regimen tolerance. In China, atezolizumab‐containing chemotherapies are not cost‐effective. Atezolizumab addition triggers grade >3 adverse events. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness and the safety profile of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel compared to carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel in treatment‐naïve Chinese patients with confirmed stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer. All patients completed six cycles of 1200 mg of atezolizumab/3 weeks plus 6 mg/ml/min area‐under‐the‐curve carboplatin/3 weeks plus 100 mg/m2 nab‐paclitaxel/week (n = 115; ACN cohort) or 6 mg/ml/min area‐under‐the‐curve carboplatin/3 weeks plus 100 mg/m2 nab‐paclitaxel/week (n = 130; CNP cohort). The progression‐free survival (12.98 ± 2.57 months vs. 10.89 ± 2.18 months, p < .0001) and overall survival (38.04 ± 19.8 months vs. 33.59 ± 87 months, p = .012) of patients in the ACN cohort were higher than those of patients in the CNP cohort after 48 weeks of follow‐up. A total of 97 (84%) patients in the ACN cohort and 94 (72%) in the CNP cohort developed grade ≥3 adverse events (p = .030). A total of 84 (73%) patients from the ACN cohort and 107 (82%) from the CNP cohort died during 48 weeks of follow‐up (p = .091). The addition of atezolizumab to carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel enhanced progression‐free and overall survival but increased the risk of grade ≥3 adverse events in Chinese, treatment‐naïve, stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients who completed treatment (Level of Evidence: III; Technical Efficacy Stage: 4).
A refinement approach to the multivariable tracking error problem
Authors: Pretorius Arnold , Boje Edward 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents a new refinement design routine aimed at solving the robust multivariable tracking error problem with reduced conservatism. The prevailing multivariable quantitative feedback theory (QFT) approach is to implicitly overbound the model‐error tracking set frequency response in magnitude using the triangle inequality, with the intention of arriving at a set of univariate design constraints that independently describe the feedback controller solution space. While this method is effective in the low‐frequency range (where the loop gain tends to be large), the mid‐ to high‐frequency design regions (where diagonal dominance is not possible in general) suffers from arbitrarily large design conservatism. This inhibits minimum gain‐phase solutions and necessitates undesirable over‐design in the frequency band that can contribute to large, expensive control action. The proposed method follows a refinement approach that makes use of information from an a priori feedback control design. In this way, the tracking error problem is reposed as a differential design, and gain‐phase information from the previous iteration can be captured to reduce the conservatism imposed when applying the triangle inequality. Additionally, a constrained optimization routine is used to select a prototype feedforward filter that can relax the constraint set, thereby increasing the accessible solution space of the diagonal feedback controller. Finally, a nondiagonal, multivariable feedforward filter bound generation routine is defined that relies on existence conditions and is free of induced design conservatism. The viability of this design methodology is demonstrated on two benchmark problems of varying complexity, in order to demonstrate the widespread efficacy.
Attraction, Entrance, and Passage Efficiency of Arctic Grayling, Trout, and Suckers at Denil Fishways in the Big Hole River Basin, Montana
Authors: Triano Ben , Kappenman Kevin M. , McMahon Thomas E. , Blank Matt , Heim Kurt C. , Parker Albert E. , Zale Alexander V. , Platt Nolan , Plymesser Katey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Big Hole River basin in southwestern Montana supports the only indigenous, self‐sustaining fluvial population of Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus in the conterminous United States, but the basin is fragmented by numerous low‐head irrigation diversion dams. Denil fishways at 63 diversion dams provide Arctic Grayling and other fishes opportunities for year‐round access to critical habitats; however, their efficiency has not been evaluated. We quantified attraction, entrance, and passage for hatchery‐reared Arctic Grayling, wild trout (Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Brown Trout Salmo trutta), and wild suckers (White Sucker Catostomus commersonii and Longnose Sucker C. catostomus) during 14 field trials conducted at six Denil fishways over a representative range of fishway slopes and hydraulic conditions using passive integrated transponder telemetry. Attraction (60.4–84.3%) and entrance (44.3–78.6%) efficiencies were variable across test conditions and reduced overall fishway efficiencies (19.1–55.8%). In contrast, upon entry, passage efficiencies were high (96.2–97.0%) for all taxa across all test conditions. Attraction of hatchery‐reared Arctic Grayling increased with upstream depth (a surrogate for fishway discharge) and attraction flow, but attraction of wild fish was less affected by these conditions. Entrance of Arctic Grayling, Brook Trout, and Brown Trout decreased with upstream depth and fishway slope, especially when plunging entrance conditions associated with shallow downstream depths were present. However, entrance of Arctic Grayling and both trout species increased with downstream depth, and submerged fishway entrances demonstrated promise for increasing entrance efficiency at fishways with high discharges and steep slopes. We demonstrate that comprehensive evaluations of fishway efficiency components can identify specific solutions that improve fishway efficiency; application of these engineering solutions at individual fishways (as needed) could improve their efficiency and further enhance aquatic connectivity for fishes in the Big Hole River basin and elsewhere.
The use of haemodialysis for the treatment of phenobarbitone intoxication 30 hours after ingestion
Authors: Trinder Richard , Greensmith Thomas , Cole Laura , Cortellini Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old male neutered Cocker Spaniel presented with a comatose mentation to its primary care veterinarian following the presumed ingestion of 216 mg/kg of phenobarbitone 2 hours prior. Following a failure to improve with intravenous fluids, lipid emulsion therapy, and supportive care, the patient was then referred to a tertiary referral centre for further treatment 30 hours following ingestion. Mechanical ventilation was initiated due to severe hypoventilation (PvCO2: 69.9 mmHg) before the patient underwent a 300‐minute prolonged veno‐venous haemodiafiltration cycle performed using a continuous haemodialysis‐based platform and a high‐flux dialyser. The patient demonstrated rapid neurological improvement being extubated after 4 hours, and becoming responsive and ambulatory 5 hours from the initiation of the treatment. The patient was discharged 60 hours following the completion of haemodialysis.This is the first report in the veterinary literature of the effective use of veno‐venous haemodiafiltration to treat phenobarbitone intoxication 30 hours after ingestion using a high‐flux dialyser.
Characterization and Monitoring of an Unstable Rock Face by Microseismic Methods
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnstable rock slopes are likely to cause rockfalls, threatening human lives and properties, industrial activities, and transportation infrastructures in mountain areas. There is an increasing demand to forecast and mitigate the potential damage of rockfalls by developing a reliable early warning system. In this thesis, an unstable mountain slope in northern Italy was selected as the research target. A microseismic monitoring network has been operating since 2013 as a field research laboratory to study the microseismic monitoring technique in the perspective of developing rockfall early warning systems. Locating microseismic events is a basic step of this technique to obtain the location of developing cracks as possible precursors of rockfalls. However, it is still a challenging task due to the heterogeneity of fractured rock slopes. The main purpose of this thesis is to address the issues related to event localization for microseismic monitoring strategy applied to the unstable rock face.
Graphical Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels mediate polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Lu Jing , Azad Mohammad A. K. , Moreau Julie L. M. , Zhu Yan , Jiang Xukai , Tonta Mary , Lam Rachel , Wickremasinghe Hasini , Zhao Jinxin , Wang Jiping , Coleman Harold A. , Formosa Luke E. , Velkov Tony , Parkington Helena C. , Combes Alexander N. , Rosenbluh Joseph , Li Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymyxin antibiotics are often used as a last-line defense to treat life-threatening Gram-negative pathogens. However, polymyxin-induced kidney toxicity is a dose-limiting factor of paramount importance and can lead to suboptimal treatment. To elucidate the mechanism and develop effective strategies to overcome polymyxin toxicity, we employed a whole-genome CRISPR screen in human kidney tubular HK-2 cells and identified 86 significant genes that upon knock-out rescued polymyxin-induced toxicity. Specifically, we discovered that knockout of the inwardly rectifying potassium channels Kir4.2 and Kir5.1 (encoded byKCNJ15andKCNJ16, respectively) rescued polymyxin-induced toxicity in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, we found that polymyxins induced cell depolarization via Kir4.2 and Kir5.1 and a significant cellular uptake of polymyxins was evident. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed that polymyxin B1spontaneously bound to Kir4.2, thereby increasing opening of the channel, resulting in a potassium influx, and changes of the membrane potential. Consistent with these findings, small molecule inhibitors (BaCl2and VU0134992) of Kir potassium channels reduced polymyxin-induced toxicity in cell culture and mouse explant kidney tissue. Our findings provide critical mechanistic information that will help attenuate polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients and facilitate the design of novel, safer polymyxins.
The Helmholtz decomposition of a space of vector fields with bounded mean oscillation in a bounded domain
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Gu Zhongyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe introduce a space of vector fields with bounded mean oscillation whose “tangential” and “normal” components to the boundary behave differently. We establish its Helmholtz decomposition when the domain is bounded. This substantially extends the authors’ earlier result for a half space.
Inter‐hospital Transfer Delays to a Tertiary Referral Center and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Abdominal Surgical Emergencies in Malawi
Authors: Yohann Avital , Kajombo Chifundo , Mulima Gift , Gallaher Jared , Charles Anthony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn low‐income countries (LICs), patients with abdominal surgical emergencies often initially present to primary or district hospitals and are transferred to referral hospitals for surgical management. The transfer process introduces a delay to care, but the relationship between transfer time and outcomes has not been studied in LICs. We sought to evaluate the effect of transfer delays on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery in Malawi.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the acute care surgery database at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), a referral hospital in Malawi. Patients were eligible for inclusion if transferred from another facility to KCH for emergency abdominal surgery. We used logistic regression modeling to evaluate the relationship between transfer time and postoperative complications and mortality.ResultsThe study included 2037 patients. Female patients, patients transferred from district hospitals, and patients with bowel obstructions were most likely to spend over three days at a referring facility before transfer. On regression modeling, each additional day until transfer was associated with an 18% increase in odds of developing a postoperative complication (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.31, p = 0.005) and a 19% increase in odds of postoperative mortality (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.31, p < 0.001).ConclusionAmong patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery in Malawi, transfer delays are associated with higher postoperative complications and mortality rates. Further research should focus on identifying the factors causing delays so that interventions aimed at improving the transfer process can be developed.