bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sexual and reproductive health education in peer group and comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescent girls in rural eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Fasil Nebiyou , Worku Alemayehu , Oljira Lemessa , Tadesse Amare Worku , Berhane Yemane 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in peer-group discussion and comprehensive knowledge of HIV among young adolescent girls in rural eastern Ethiopia.DesignThe study analysed data from a large quasi-experimental study involving 3290 young adolescent girls aged 13–17 years. The intervention targeted adolescent girls aged 10–14 years. Data were collected using a comprehensive HIV knowledge tool adopted from the demographic and health survey questionnaire. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associations using STATA/SE V.14 statistical software.SettingWest Hararghe, rural Ethiopia.Participants3290 adolescent girls.ResultsMagnitude of comprehensive knowledge of HIV among those who received SRH education and those who did not receive SRH education was 16.78% (95% CI 14.41% to 19.45%) and 14.01% (95% CI 12.38% to 15.81%), respectively. Overall, 14.84% (95% CI 13.4.% to 16.39%) of the adolescent girls aged 13–17 years had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. The odds of having comprehensive HIV knowledge were higher (1.36 times) among adolescent girls who received SRH education compared with those who did not receive SRH education (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.84) after controlling for selected potential confounders. Odds of having comprehensive HIV knowledge were also higher (1.73 times) among older adolescent girls (adjusted OR 1.733 95% CI 1.098 to 2.735) and (3.89 times) among those who attended secondary school (adjusted OR=3.889 95% CI 1.836 to 8.235) compared with young adolescent girls and the uneducated, respectively.ConclusionsComprehensive knowledge of HIV among young adolescent girls was very low. Providing SRH education for young adolescent girls improved their comprehensive knowledge of HIV in rural eastern Ethiopia. Initiating sexual education at an early age would benefit HIV prevention efforts.
Household and area determinants of emergency department attendance and hospitalisation in people with multimorbidity: a systematic review
Authors: MacRae Clare , Fisken Harry William , Lawrence Edward , Connor Thomas , Pearce Jamie , Marshall Alan , Lawson Andrew , Dibben Chris , Mercer Stewart W , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesMultimorbidity is one of the greatest challenges facing healthcare internationally. Emergency department (ED) attendance and hospitalisation rates are higher in people with multimorbidity, but most research focuses on associations with individual characteristics, ignoring household or area mediators of service use.DesignSystematic review reported using the synthesis without meta-analysis framework.Data sourcesTwelve electronic databases (1 January 2000–21 September 2021): MEDLINE/OVID, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CAB Abstracts, Science Citation Index Expanded/ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Sociological Abstracts, the Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey.Eligibility criteriaAdults aged ≥16 years, with multimorbidity. Exposure(s) were household and/or area determinants of health. Outcomes were ED attendance and/or hospitalisation. The literature search was limited to publications in English.Data extraction and synthesisIndependent double screening of titles and abstracts to select relevant full-text studies. Methodological quality was assessed using an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale tool. Given high study heterogeneity, narrative synthesis was performed.ResultsAfter deduplication, 10 721 titles and abstracts were screened, and 142 full-text articles were reviewed, of which 10 were eligible for inclusion. In people with multimorbidity, household food insecurity was associated with hospitalisation (OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.36) in concordant multimorbidity). People with multimorbidity living in the most versus least deprived areas attended ED more frequently (8.9% (95% CI 8.6 to 9.1) in most versus 6.3% (95% CI 6.1 to 6.6) in least), had higher rates of hospitalisation (26% in most versus 22% in least), and higher probability of hospitalisation (6.4% (95% CI 5.8 to 7.2) in most versus 4.2% (95% CI 3.8 to 4.7) in least). There was non-conclusive evidence that household income is associated with ED attendance and hospitalisation. No statistically significant relationships were found between marital status, living with others with multimorbidity, or rurality with ED attendance or hospitalisation.ConclusionsThere is some evidence that household and area contexts mediate associations of multimorbidity with ED attendance and hospitalisation, but firm conclusions are constrained by the small number of studies published and study design heterogeneity. Further research is required on large population samples using robust analytical methods.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021283515.
Approach to systematically examine the usefulness of quality measures in practice: Minnesota’s nursing home quality indicators and scoring approach
Authors: Xu Dongjuan , Lewis Teresa , Rurka Marissa , Arling Greg 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHealthcare quality measurement systems, which use aggregated patient-level quality measures to assess organisational performance, have been introduced widely. Yet, their usefulness in practice has received scant attention. Using Minnesota nursing home quality indicators (QIs) as a case example, we demonstrate an approach for systematically evaluating QIs in practice based on: (a) parsimony and relevance, (b) usability in discriminating between facilities, (c) actionability and (d) construct validity.MethodsWe analysed 19 risk-adjusted, facility-level QIs over the 2012–2019 period. Parsimony and relevance of QIs were evaluated using scatter plots, Pearson correlations, literature review and expert opinions. Discrimination between facilities was assessed by examining facility QI distributions and the impact of the distributions on scoring. Actionability of QIs was assessed through QI trends over time. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis of domain structure for grouping the QIs.ResultsCorrelation analysis and qualitative assessment led to redefining one QI, adding one improvement-focused QI, and combining two highly correlated QIs to improve parsimony and clinical relevance. Ten of the QIs displayed normal distributions which discriminated well between the best and worst performers. The other nine QIs displayed poor discrimination; they had skewed distributions with ceiling or floor effects. We recommended scoring approaches tailored to these distributions. One QI displaying substantial improvement over time was recommended for retirement (physical restraint use). Based on factor analysis, we grouped the 18 final QIs into four domains: incontinence (4 QIs), physical functioning (4 QIs), psychosocial care (4 QIs) and care for specific conditions (6 QIs).ConclusionWe demonstrated a systematic approach for evaluating QIs in practice by arriving at parsimonious and relevant QIs, tailored scoring to different QI distributions and a meaningful domain structure. This approach could be applied in evaluating quality measures in other health or long-term care settings.
Blockades of effector T cell senescence and exhaustion synergistically enhance antitumor immunity and immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Xia , Si Fusheng , Bagley David , Ma Feiya , Zhang Yuanqin , Tao Yan , Shaw Emily , Peng Guangyong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCurrent immunotherapies still have limited successful rates among cancers. It is now recognized that T cell functional state in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key determinant for effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. In addition to exhaustion, cellular senescence in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has recently been identified as an important T cell dysfunctional state induced by various malignant tumors. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism responsible for T cell senescence in the TME and development of novel strategies to prevent effector T cell senescence are urgently needed for cancer immunotherapy.MethodsSenescent T cell populations in the TMEs in mouse lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma tumor models were evaluated. Furthermore, T cell senescence induced by mouse tumor and regulatory T (Treg) cells in vitro was determined with multiple markers and assays, including real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and histochemistry staining. Loss-of-function strategies with pharmacological inhibitors and the knockout mouse model were used to identify the potential molecules and pathways involved in T cell senescence. In addition, melanoma mouse tumor immunotherapy models were performed to explore the synergistical efficacy of antitumor immunity via prevention of tumor-specific T cell senescence combined with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) checkpoint blockade therapy.ResultsWe report that both mouse malignant tumor cells and Treg cells can induce responder T cell senescence, similar as shown in human Treg and tumor cells. Accumulated senescent T cells also exist in the TME in tumor models of lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. Induction of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM)-associated DNA damage is the cause for T cell senescence induced by both mouse tumor cells and Treg cells, which is also regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Furthermore, blockages of ATM-associated DNA damage and/or MAPK signaling pathways in T cells can prevent T cell senescence mediated by tumor cells and Treg cells in vitro and enhance antitumor immunity and immunotherapy in vivo in adoptive transfer T cell therapy melanoma models. Importantly, prevention of tumor-specific T cell senescence via ATM and/or MAPK signaling inhibition combined with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade can synergistically enhance antitumor immunity and immunotherapy in vivo.ConclusionsThese studies prove the novel concept that targeting both effector T cell senescence and exhaustion is an effective strategy and can synergistically enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Understanding the value of art prompts in an online narrative medicine workshop: an exploratory-descriptive focus group study
Authors: Choe Nancy S 
Published: October 2022

Narrative medicine is an interdisciplinary field that complements and expands on conventional healthcare training by supporting narrative competence skills and creativity derived from the arts and humanities domains to address the needs of healthcare providers and receivers. With the COVID-19 pandemic having had a profound impact on the healthcare workforce with an already high burn-out rate, multimodal arts interventions may help address the holistic dimensions of well-being. While empirical evidence supports the use of arts-based interventions in promoting healthcare workers’ well-being and personal growth, art prompts are underexplored and underused in narrative medicine. Moreover, protocols and frameworks adopted in extant research on this topic are inconsistent, resulting in replication and validation challenges. These issues have motivated this exploratory-descriptive study with 11 narrative medicine practitioners to examine the use of short art prompts in an online narrative medicine workshop.The art prompts leveraged art therapy’s Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) model, which uses the inherent properties of art materials, media and methods to elicit specific levels of information processing and creative experiences. The study aimed to understand how art prompts differ from writing prompts and explore the value art prompts could add to narrative medicine if any. Qualitative analyses revealed that art prompts in narrative medicine increase positive feelings and promote creativity and insight. Specifically, art prompts allowed participants to use sensorimotor functions, enter a flow-like state, be challenged and inspired by novelty and uncertainty, and experience a sense of play and personal discovery.
Operator mixing in massless QCD-like theories and Poincarè–Dulac theorem
Authors: Becchetti Matteo , Bochicchio Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, a differential-geometric approach to operator mixing in massless QCD-like theories – that involves canonical forms, obtained by means of gauge transformations, based on the Poincarè–Dulac theorem for the system of linear differential equations that defines the renormalized mixing matrix in the coordinate representation $$Z(x,\mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

– has been proposed in [1]. Specifically, it has been determined under which conditions a renormalization scheme exists where $$Z(x,\mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

may be set in a diagonal canonical form that is one-loop exact to all perturbative orders – the nonresonant diagonalizable $$\frac{\gamma _{0}}{\beta _{0}}$$

γ
0

β
0

case (I) –. Moreover, the remaining cases, (II), (III) and (IV), of operator mixing, where such diagonalization is not possible, have also been classified in [1]. Accordingly, if $$\frac{\gamma _{0}}{\beta _{0}}$$

γ
0

β
0

, with $$\gamma (g)=\gamma _{0} g^{2}+\cdots $$

γ

(
g
)

=

γ
0

g
2

+
⋯

the matrix of the anomalous dimensions and $$\beta (g)=-\beta _{0} g^{3} + \cdots $$

β

(
g
)

=
-

β
0

g
3

+
⋯

the beta function, either is diagonalizable but a resonant condition for its eigenvalues and the system holds (II) or is nondiagonalizable and nonresonant (III), or is nondiagonalizable and resonant (IV), $$Z(x,\mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

is nondiagonalizable. In the cases (II), (III) and (IV), we demonstrate that its canonical form may be factorized into the exponential of a linear combination of upper triangular nilpotent constant matrices with coefficients that asymptotically in the UV are logs of the running coupling, i.e., asymptotically loglogs of the coordinates, and a diagonal matrix as in the nonresonant diagonalizable case (I). Hence, its ultraviolet asymptotics differs intrinsically from the case (I) and, for asymptotically free theories, this is the closest analog of logCFTs. We also work out actual physics realizations of the cases (I) and (II), while we argue that the cases (III) and (IV) are ruled out by a unitarity argument in the gauge-invariant sector.
Light $$Z^\prime $$ and Dirac fermion dark matter in the $$B-L$$ model
Authors: Nath Newton , Okada Nobuchika , Okada Satomi , Raut Digesh , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider a $$U(1)_{B-L}$$

U

(
1
)

B
-
L

model with a $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

portal Dirac fermion dark matter (DM) $$\chi $$
χ
of low mass which couples very weakly to the $$B - L$$

B
-
L

gauge boson $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

. An arbitrary $$B-L$$

B
-
L

charge $$Q\ne \pm 1, \pm 3$$

Q
≠
±
1
,
±
3

of the DM $$\chi $$
χ
ensures its stability. Motivated by the sensitivity reach of forthcoming “Lifetime Frontier” experiments, we focus on the $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

mass, $$m_{Z^\prime }$$

m

Z
′

, in the sub-GeV to few GeV range. To evaluate the DM relic abundance, we examine both the freeze-out and freeze-in DM scenarios. For the freeze-out scenario, we show that the observed DM abundance is reproduced near the $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

resonance, $$m_\chi \simeq m_{Z^\prime }/2$$

m
χ

≃

m

Z
′

/
2

, where $$m_\chi $$

m
χ

is the DM mass. For the freeze-in scenario, we focus on $$m_\chi \ll m_{Z^\prime }$$

m
χ

≪

m

Z
′

. We show that for a fixed value of $$m_{Z^\prime }$$

m

Z
′

, $$g_{BL}$$

g

BL

values roughly scale as 1/Q to reproduce the observed DM abundance. For various Q values in the range between $$10^{-6}$$

10

-
6

and $$10^2$$

10
2

, we show that the gauge coupling values $$g_{BL}$$

g

BL

needed to reproduce the observed DM abundance lie in the search reach of future planned and/or proposed experiments such as FASER, Belle-II, LDMX, and SHiP. In the freeze-in case, the Q values to realize observable $$g_{BL}$$

g

BL

values are found to be much smaller than that in the freeze-out case.
Closed string radiation from the interacting fractional-dressed Dp-branes with the transverse motions
Authors: Daniali Hamidreza , Kamani Davoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe determine the boundary states, associated with a fractional Dp-brane in the presence of the Kalb–Ramond field and a U(1) gauge potential. The background spacetime is the non-compact orbifold $$ {\mathbb {R}}^{1, 21} \otimes {\mathbb {R}}^4/ {\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

R

1
,
21

⊗

R

4

/

Z
2

. Besides, the brane has a transverse velocity. We compute the radiation amplitude of a massless closed string from the interaction of two fractional Dp-branes with the previous background fields. The branes have been dressed by different fields and have transverse motions. The total radiation amplitude will be investigated for large inter-brane separation. Finally, the graviton, Kalb–Ramond (axion) and dilaton emissions will be distinctly studied. Our calculations are in the context of the bosonic string theory.
One Tree Reef Foraminifera: a relic of the pre-colonial Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Bauder Yvette , Mamo Briony , Brock Glenn A. , Kosnik Matthew A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Benthic Foraminifera are important elements of coral reef ecosystems and valuable proxies for monitoring reef health in the face of local, regional and global stressors. Here Foraminifera preserved in a sediment core from the One Tree Reef (OTR) lagoon on the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) are used to quantify ecological changes associated with European colonization (early 1800s) and the subsequent industrialization of Australia (1950s onward). Core samples are compared to published benthic grab samples from three reefs to compare spatial and temporal variation. Standard measures of richness, diversity and foraminiferal assemblage composition indicate significant differences between the Recent assemblages of OTR lagoon and those from Heron and Wistari reef lagoons. However, there is no discernible change in the OTR lagoon core assemblages from the last four centuries in any of the richness or diversity indices examined. While benthic grabs likely undersample infaunal Foraminifera relative to core samples, these foraminiferal assemblages indicate the OTR lagoon contains a living example of a pre-colonial GBR lagoon ecosystem. Without cores from Heron and Wistari it is unknown if their foraminiferal assemblages have changed due to recent anthropogenic activity or if they have always been distinct.
Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and Radical Cystectomy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer: 3-Year Median Follow-Up Update of PURE-01 Trial
Authors: Basile Giuseppe , Bandini Marco , Gibb Ewan A. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Raggi Daniele , Marandino Laura , Costa de Padua Tiago , Crupi Emanuele , Colombo Renzo , Colecchia Maurizio , Lucianò Roberta , Nocera Luigi , Moschini Marco , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Necchi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The PURE-01 study (NCT02736266) pioneered the neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy before radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (MIBC). We herein present the survival outcomes after a median follow-up of three years.

Patients and Methods:
The intention-to-treat (ITT) population included 155 patients. Event-free survival (EFS) was defined as the time from pembrolizumab initiation until radiographic disease progression precluding RC, initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence after RC, or death. Further outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS) post-RC and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression analyses for EFS were performed. Kaplan–Meier analyses compared EFS outcomes according with baseline programmed cell-death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) and according to the molecular subtypes.

Results:
After a median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up of 39 (30–47) months, 36-month EFS and OS were 74.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.8–81.7] and 83.8% (95% CI, 77.8–90.2) in the ITT population, respectively. Overall, 143 (92.3%) patients underwent RC. Within the cohort of patients who did not receive additional chemotherapy (N = 125), 36-month RFS was 96.3% (95% CI, 91.6–100) for patients achieving a ypT0N0, 96.1% (95% CI, 89–100) for ypT1/a/isN0, 74.9% (95% CI, 60.2–93) for ypT2–4N0, and 58.3% (95% CI, 36.2–94.1) for ypTanyN1–3 response. EFS was significantly stratified among PD-L1 tertiles (lower tertile: 59.7% vs. medium tertile: 76.7% vs. higher tertile: 89.8%, P = 0.0013). The claudin-low and basal/squamous subtypes displayed the lowest rates of events.

Conclusions:
At a median follow-up of three years, PURE-01 results further confirm the sustained efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab before RC. PD-L1 expression was the strongest predictor of sustained response post-RC.
A comparison of different methods of identifying publications related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Case study of SDG 13—Climate Action
Authors: Purnell Philip J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As sustainability becomes an increasing priority throughout global society, academic and research institutions are assessed on their contribution to relevant research publications. This study compares four methods of identifying research publications related to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13—Climate Action (SDG 13). The four methods (Elsevier, STRINGS, SIRIS, and Dimensions) have each developed search strings with the help of subject matter experts, which are then enhanced through distinct methods to produce a final set of publications. Our analysis showed that the methods produced comparable quantities of publications but with little overlap between them. We visualized some difference in topic focus between the methods and drew links with the search strategies used. Differences between publications retrieved are likely to come from subjective interpretation of the goals, keyword selection, operationalizing search strategies, AI enhancements, and selection of bibliographic database. Each of the elements warrants deeper investigation to understand their role in identifying SDG-related research. Before choosing any method to assess the research contribution to SDGs, end users of SDG data should carefully consider their interpretation of the goal and determine which of the available methods produces the closest data set. Meanwhile, data providers might customize their methods for varying interpretations of the SDGs.