bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of heavy metals and health risk assessment in Sichuan pickle
Authors: Ma Qian , Zhu Yuan‐ting , Li Yi‐dan , Zhang Zhou‐li , Huang Jing , Zuo Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSichuan pickle is one of popular traditional fermented foods in China. However, the contamination of heavy metals in Sichuan pickle, particularly home‐made Sichuan pickle and aged pickle brine, is little known. Therefore, the content of trace (Cr, Cu, and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Pb, and Cd) in Sichuan industrial pickle (SIP), Sichuan home‐made pickle (SHP), and aged pickle brine collected from local markets and families in Sichuan province, respectively, was detected by inductively coupled plasma–tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS) and the health risk was assessed by target hazard quotients including target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Consequently, the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd were 0.122, 0.540, 2.516, 0.023, 0.015, and 0.106 mg/kg in SIP and 0.071, 0.364, 2.698, 0.014, 0.015, and 0.289 mg/kg in SHP, respectively, lower than the maximum allowable concentrations set by Chinese regulations, except for Cr and Cd in few samples. Principal component analysis of the heavy metal content could obviously distinguish between SIP and SHP. The content of As, Pb, and Cd in leaf pickles was significantly higher than that in pickles fermented with other types of vegetables. A significant enrichment of heavy metals in aged pickle brine over 10 years was observed, but pickle jars had no significant effect on heavy metal content in aged pickle brine. The intake of heavy metals through daily consumption of SIP and SHP was at a safe level, whereas the TTHQ of leaf pickle was 1.006, indicating a potential health risk. In conclusion, this study provided fundamental data for food safety assurance of Sichuan pickle.Practical ApplicationSichuan pickle is one of popular traditional fermented foods in China. In the present study, we investigated the contamination of heavy metals in Sichuan pickles by detecting the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in Sichuan industrial pickle, Sichuan home‐made pickle, and aged pickle brine, and estimated the health risk to local residents. This study can provide a reference for the safety risk of Sichuan industrial and home‐made pickle in terms of heavy metal contamination, and enhance the food safety in the processing, production, and consumption of Sichuan pickle in local families and pickle industry.
Downregulation of circATXN7 represses non‐small cell lung cancer growth by releasing miR‐7‐5p
Authors: Li Dongliang , Fu Zejun , Dong Chaoqun , Song Yongming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the occurrence and progression of many cancers. CircRNA ataxin 7 (circATXN7) (circBase ID: hsa_circ_0066436) plays a promoting influence on gastric cancer progression. However, the biological role of circATXN7 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is indistinct.MethodsLevels of circATXN7, microRNA (miR)‐7‐5p, and profilin 2 (PFN2) mRNA were detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion were analyzed using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony formation, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Protein levels were analyzed using western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between circATXN7 or PFN2 and miR‐7‐5p was analyzed by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The biological function of circATXN7 was verified by xenograft assay.ResultsCircATXN7 and PFN2 were highly expressed in NSCLC, whereas miR‐7‐5p expression had the opposite trend. CircATXN7 overexpression constrained apoptosis and promoted proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of NSCLC cells, but circATXN7 silencing played the opposing influence and repressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. CircATXN7 served as a miR‐7‐5p sponge, and circATXN7 regulated malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells through sponging miR‐7‐5p. PFN2 acted as a miR‐7‐5p target. PFN2 silencing overturned the promoting effect of miR‐7‐5p inhibitor on NSCLC cell malignancy, while PFN2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory impact of miR‐7‐5p mimic on NSCLC cell malignancy.ConclusionCircATXN7 accelerated the malignancy of NSCLC cells through adsorbing miR‐7‐5p and upregulating PFN2, offering evidence to support circATXN7 as a target for NSCLC treatment.
The Effect of Changes in Income Shifting on Affiliate Managers' Internal Reporting Decisions*†
Authors: Klassen Kenneth J. , Valle Ruiz Cinthia 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis study examines the interplay between tax and internal reporting incentives among affiliates of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs face limited information flows that may prevent affiliates' performance metrics to be responsive immediately to changes in the firm's tax planning. Using granular data of affiliates belonging to MNCs from 21 European countries, our study provides new empirical evidence of affiliate internal reporting responses induced by changing tax plans. When high‐tax‐rate countries tighten income shifting rules, we first document that income shifting is reduced and low‐tax‐rate affiliates have less income. Second, we predict and document that managers of these low‐tax‐rate affiliates offset this decrease in profits by managing upwards a key performance metric: affiliate earnings. Our results are consistent with firms not quickly adjusting the affiliate managers' incentives in the face of changing tax planning strategies, and affiliates managing reported earnings to offset the effect of changes in the tax planning of the firm. Cross‐sectional analyses provide further evidence consistent with the theory underlying the main tests. The results support the policy of tightening income shifting rules when the objective is to reduce income shifting, and firms' central management would benefit from considering the implications of changing tax plans on the assessment of local managers.
Selection of sampling sites for biodiversity inventory: Effects of environmental and geographical considerations
Authors: Nuñez‐Penichet Claudia , Cobos Marlon E. , Soberón Jorge , Gueta Tomer , Barve Narayani , Barve Vijay , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Biodiversity inventory is among the major challenges for conservation biology in the face of global change. Species exist in two spaces that are linked in the so‐called Hutchinsonian Duality: distributions in geographical space and ecological niches in environmental space. We explore implications of using distinct methods to select locations for biodiversity inventories, based on this idea of two‐space distributions.

We combined empirical and statistical methods to facilitate selecting localities for biodiversity inventory based on either or both of geographical and environmental considerations. These approaches were applied to select sites for inventory in four example countries. For one of our examples, we tested how effective distinct methods were in sampling biodiversity.

Random and geographically uniform selections are generally biased towards the most common environments in the regions; selections aiming for uniform sampling of environments are concentrated spatially in areas of high heterogeneity in geographical context. Considering disparate geographical distributions of environments helped to cover geographical areas more broadly when selections were environmentally uniform. Generally, sets of sites selected considering environmental conditions perform better in sampling known biodiversity in regions of interest.

Our results underline the benefits of considering environmental and geographical conditions when selecting sites on the effectiveness of resulting inventories. Our tools, implemented in the r package biosurvey, will help researchers to design biodiversity survey systems taking into account the Hutchinsonian Duality and the crucial considerations that it suggests.
Automated call detection for acoustic surveys with structured calls of varying length
Authors: Wang Yuheng , Ye Juan , Borchers David L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen recorders are used to survey acoustically conspicuous species, identification calls of the target species in recordings is essential for estimating density and abundance. We investigate how well deep neural networks identify vocalisations consisting ofphrasesof varying lengths, each containing a variable number ofsyllables. We use recordings of Hainan gibbonNomascus hainanusvocalisations to develop and test the methods.We propose two methods for exploiting the two‐level structure of such data. The first combines convolutional neural network (CNN) models with a hidden Markov model (HMM) and the second uses a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN). Both models learn acoustic features of syllables via a CNN and temporal correlations of syllables into phrases either via an HMM or recurrent network. We compare their performance to commonly used CNNs LeNet and VGGNet, and support vector machine (SVM). We also propose a dynamic programming method to evaluate how well phrases are predicted. This is useful for evaluating performance when vocalisations are labelled by phrases, not syllables.Our methods perform substantially better than the commonly used methods when applied to the gibbon acoustic recordings. The CRNN has anF‐score of 90% on phrase prediction, which is 18% higher than the best of the SVM or LeNet and VGGNet methods. HMM post‐processing raised theF‐score of these last three methods to as much as 87%. The number of phrases is overestimated by CNNs and SVM, leading to error rates between 49% and 54%. With HMM, these error rates can be reduced to 0.4% at the lowest. Similarly, the error rate of CRNN's prediction is no more than 0.5%.CRNNs are better at identifying phrases of varying lengths composed of a varying number of syllables than simpler CNN or SVM models. We find a CRNN model to be best at this task, with a CNN combined with an HMM performing almost as well. We recommend that these kinds of models are used for species whose vocalisations are structured into phrases of varying lengths.
Fire effects on riparian vegetation recovery and nutrient fluxes in Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Marques Nubia , Miranda Fabio , Gomes Leticia , Lenti Felipe , Costa Lucas , Bustamante Mercedes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFire can change gallery forest vegetation structure, thereby altering nutrient fluxes between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In Brazilian savannas, which are fire‐prone ecosystems, the fire regime is changing due to human activities such as converting native vegetation to farmland and urban areas. Uncontrolled wildfires in these savannas can reach gallery forests, which are more sensitive to fire impacts, leading to concerns about the effects of fire on gallery forest vegetation structure and freshwater ecosystems. We analysed the relationships between fire severity (the degree to which the fire has changed an area), percentage of burned area, variation in precipitation with gallery forest and savanna vegetation structure recovery and input of nutrients (NH4, , and ) to streams for 16 months after a fire event in five watersheds associated with small streams. One year after the fire, vegetation recovery (NDVI) was lower in gallery forest areas than in savanna woodlands, despite the more severe fires in savannas. The short‐term effects of fire on gallery forest vegetation included increased nitrate concentrations in streams, which were also influenced by increased precipitation and the extent of the burned area. The nutrient inputs into the stream stabilized within 1 year. However, gallery forest vegetation did not fully recover at that time and may continue to alter the functioning of the aquatic ecosystem. Together, these results demonstrate the need for an integrated fire management plan that considers both gallery forests and the surrounding savannas in the landscape to address consequences to aquatic ecosystems.
Substance use disorder in the anaesthetist
Authors: Misra U. , Gilvarry E. , Marshall J. , Hall R. , McLure H. , Mayall R. , El‐Ghazali S. , Redfern N. , McGrady E. , Gerada C. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAnaesthetists have a higher incidence of substance use disorder when compared with other doctors. This might be due to the ease of access to intravenous opioids, propofol, midazolam, inhalational agents and other anaesthetic drugs. Alcohol use disorder continues to be the most common problem. Unfortunately, the first sign that something is amiss might be the anaesthetist's death from an accidental or deliberate overdose. While there are few accurate data, suicide is presumed to be the cause of death in approximately 6–10% of all anaesthetists. If we are to prevent this, substance use disorder must be recognised early, we should ensure the anaesthetist is supported by their department and hospital management and that the anaesthetist engages fully with treatment. Over 75% of anaesthetists return to full practice if they co‐operate fully with the required treatment and supervision.
Liver herniation mimicking a thoracic tumor with restoration of the liver surface structure on closure of the hernia orifice under thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Ikeda Takeshi , Sumiya Ryusuke , Sugimura Aya , Hirai Hoshie , Nagasaka Satoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNon‐congenital, non‐traumatic spontaneous diaphragmatic liver hernia in adults is extremely rare and sometimes misdiagnosed as a thoracic tumor. Almost all previous reports with a definitive diagnosis reported preservation; thus, differential diagnosis is extremely important for planning optimal management of such clinical conditions. An abnormal shadow in the right lower lung field was detected on chest radiography in a 61‐year‐old woman. Further imaging study revealed a 33‐mm diameter mass adjacent to the right diaphragm. Thoracoscopic surgery was performed as diagnostic treatment. We found a pale hemispherical herniated liver on the central tendon of the diaphragm. After repositioning the herniated liver, the orifice was closed with a non‐absorbable suture, and the surface of the liver returned to being a perfectly smooth surface. With this result, we believe that repair of diaphragmatic liver hernia through a minimally invasive procedure has great benefits for patients.
How do I diagnose Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young in my patients?
Authors: Colclough Kevin , Patel Kashyap 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes diagnosed in young individuals that lack the typical features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The genetic subtype of MODY determines the most effective treatment and this is the driver for MODY genetic testing in diabetes populations. Despite the obvious clinical and health economic benefits, MODY is significantly underdiagnosed with the majority of patients being inappropriately managed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Low detection rates result from the difficulty in identifying patients with a likely diagnosis of MODY from the high background population of young onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes, compounded by the lack of MODY awareness and education in diabetes care physicians. MODY diagnosis can be improved through (1) access to education and training, (2) the use of sensitive and specific selection criteria based on accurate prediction models and biomarkers to identify patients for testing, (3) the development and mainstream implementation of simple criteria‐based selection pathways applicable across a range of healthcare settings and ethnicities to select the most appropriate patients for genetic testing and (4) the correct use of next generation sequencing technology to provide accurate and comprehensive testing of all known MODY and monogenic diabetes genes. The creation and public sharing of educational materials, clinical and scientific best practice guidelines and genetic variants will help identify the missing patients so they can benefit from the more effective clinical care that a genetic diagnosis brings.
A core outcome set for clinical studies of adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors:   Tripartite Gastrointestinal Recovery SBO Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimAdhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common surgical emergency condition. Research in the field is plentiful; however, inconsistency in outcome reporting makes comparisons challenging. The aim of this study was to define a core outcome set (COS) for studies of ASBO.MethodsThe long list of outcomes was identified through systematic review, and focus groups across different geographical regions. A modified Delphi consensus exercise of three rounds was undertaken with stakeholder groups (patients and clinicians). Items were rated on a 9‐point Likert scale. Items exceeding 70% rating at 7–9 were passed to the consensus meeting. New item proposals were invited in round 1. Individualised feedback on prior voting compared to other participants was provided. An international consensus meeting was convened to ratify the final COS.ResultsIn round 1, 56 items were rated by 118 respondents. A total of 18 items reached consensus, and respondents proposed an additional 10 items. Round 2 was completed by 90 respondents, and nine items achieved consensus. In round 3, 80 surveys were completed; one item achieved consensus, and five borderline items were identified. The final COS included 26 outcomes, mapped to the following domains: Interventions, need for stoma, septic complications, return of gut function, patient reported outcomes, and recurrence of obstruction, as well as mortality, failure to rescue, and time to resolution.ConclusionThis COS should be used in future studies in the treatment of adhesive SBO. Further studies to define a core measurement set are needed to identify the optimum tools to measure each outcome.
Discovery of preventive drugs for cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury using big data analysis
Authors: Kanda Masaya , Goda Mitsuhiro , Maegawa Akiko , Yoshioka Toshihiko , Yoshida Ami , Miyata Koji , Aizawa Fuka , Niimura Takahiro , Hamano Hirofumi , Okada Naoto , Sakurada Takumi , Chuma Masayuki , Yagi Kenta , Izawa‐Ishizawa Yuki , Yanagawa Hiroaki , Zamami Yoshito , Ishizawa Keisuke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCisplatin is effective against many types of carcinoma. However, a high rate of renal damage is a clinical problem. Thus, there is a need to establish a method to prevent it. Although various compounds have been reported to be effective against cisplatin‐induced renal injury, there are no examples of their clinical application. Therefore, we attempted to search for prophylactic agents with a high potential for clinical application. We used Cascade Eye to identify genes that are altered during cisplatin‐induced renal injury, Library of Integrated Network‐based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) to identify drugs that inhibit changes in gene expression, and a large database of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports to identify drugs that could prevent cisplatin‐induced kidney injury in clinical practice. In total, 10 candidate drugs were identified. Using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we identified drugs that reduce cisplatin‐induced kidney injury. Fenofibrate was selected as a candidate drug to prevent cisplatin‐induced kidney injury based on the FAERS analysis. A model was used to evaluate the efficacy of fenofibrate against cisplatin‐induced renal injury. Studies using HK2 cells and mouse models showed that fenofibrate significantly inhibited cisplatin‐induced renal injury but did not inhibit the antitumor effect of cisplatin. Fenofibrate is a candidate prophylactic drug with high clinical applicability for cisplatin‐induced renal injury. Analysis of data from multiple big databases will improve the search for novel prophylactic drugs with high clinical applicability. For the practical application of these findings, evaluation in prospective controlled trials is necessary.
Pretracheal ectopic thymoma: A diagnostic challenge in endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology
Authors: George Elinor , Khan Rubia , Powari Manish , Dorey Nichole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEctopic thymomas (ETs) are rare thymic neoplasms that arise from atypical anatomical sites and present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians as they can be mistaken for other pathological entities on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.
Prospektive Kohortenstudie von InspECT zur Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der Elektrochemotherapie bei Hauttumoren und Metastasen in Abhängigkeit von Ulzeration
Authors: Claussen Carla Sophie , Moir Graeme , Bechara Falk G. , Orlando Antonio , Matteucci Paolo , Mowatt David , Clover Anthony James P. , Mascherini Matteo , Gehl Julie , Muir Tobian , Sersa Gregor , Groselj Ales , Odili Joy , Giorgione Roberto , Campana Luca Giovanni , Bertino Giulia , Curatolo Pietro , Banerjee Shramana , Kis Erika , Quaglino Pietro , Pritchard‐Jones Rowan , De Terlizzi Francesca , Grischke Eva‐Maria , Kunte Christian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundElektrochemotherapie (ECT) ist eine wirksame lokale Behandlung von Hauttumoren. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der ECT bei ulzerierten gegenüber nichtulzerierten Tumoren zu vergleichen und den Effekt auf tumorassoziierte Symptome zu untersuchen.Methodik20 Krebszentren desInternational Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy(InspECT) sammelten prospektiv Daten. Die ECT wurde nach dem ESOPE‐Protokoll durchgeführt. Das Therapieansprechen wurde anhand der Entwicklung der Läsionsgröße bewertet. Zusätzlich wurden Schmerzen, Symptome, Leistungsstatus (ECOG‐Index) und Gesundheitszustand (EQ‐5D‐Fragebogen) untersucht.Ergebnisse716 Patienten mit ulzerierten (n = 302) und nichtulzerierten (n = 414) Hauttumoren und Metastasen wurden eingeschlossen (Mindest‐Nachsorge 45 Tage). Nicht‐ulzerierte Läsionen sprachen besser auf die ECT an als ulzerierte Läsionen (vollständiges Ansprechen: 65 % gegenüber 51 %, p = 0,0061). Nur 38 % (115/302) der Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen vor der ECT wiesen bei der letzten Nachuntersuchung ulzerierte Läsionen auf. Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen berichteten über stärkere Schmerzen und schwerere Symptome im Vergleich zu Patienten mit nichtulzerierten Läsionen, die sich nach der ECT signifikant und kontinuierlich besserten. Bei Patienten mit nichtulzerierten Läsionen hingegen nahmen die Schmerzen während der Behandlung vorübergehend zu. Es wurden keine schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungenDie ECT ist eine sichere und wirksame lokale Behandlung von Hauttumoren. Während die ECT die Symptome insbesondere bei Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen verbessert, sollte auf Basis der Daten die Implementation eines perioperativen Schmerzmanagements besonders bei nichtulzerierten Läsionen während der ECT erwogen werden.