bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Uptake of the Second Dose of the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Among Adolescent Girls in Kawempe Division, Kampala
Authors: Nakendo Abubakri , Busingye Robert , Kakaire Othman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in Uganda. Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus. The ministry of health introduced HPV vaccine in the national routine immunization program which is given in two doses. Many adolescents receive HPV-1 but miss HPV-2; therefore don’t get full protection against the Human papilloma virus. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with uptake of second dose of the human papilloma virus vaccine among adolescent girls in Kawempe division, Uganda.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 550 female adolescent girls. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select the parishes and villages with the homes of the parents of the girls. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Uptake of the HPV-2 Vaccine was determined. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to determine factors independently associated with uptake of the second dose of HPV Vaccine.Results: The Uptake of the second dose of HPV Vaccine was 44.6% (245/550). The factors associated with HPV-2 Vaccine uptake were: knowledge about HPV vaccination services (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.26–2.79, P = 0.002), Satisfaction of adolescent girls about the HPV vaccination services (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.10–3.49, P = 0.022), access to HPV services by participants (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.13–2.34, P = 0.009), secondary level of education of adolescent girls (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.15–2.75, P = 0.010), the level of education of the participants’ father being Secondary (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19–0.69, P = 0.002) and being Tertiary (AOR = 0.38, CI = 0.19–0.74, P = 0.005.Conclusion: The uptake of the second dose of the HPV Vaccine of 44.6% is still short of the Uganda’s national multi-year plan target of achieving HPV Vaccination coverage of 85%. Efforts to improve the uptake of second dose of the HPV Vaccine should focus on strengthening the school outreach programs so that both the first and second HPV vaccine doses are given at school.
A metabolomics approach to parsing the heterogeneity of autism identifies complex dysregulations of cellular bioenergetics
Authors: Smith Alan , Donley Elizabeth , Ney Denise , Amaral David G , Burrier Robert , Natowicz Marvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD or autism) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous condition. Stratification of autistic individuals into subpopulations with shared metabolic phenotypes can improve understanding of the underlying pathophysiology leading to more precise interventions. We performed metabolomic profiling of 499 autistic and 209 typically developing children, ages 18-48 months, enrolled in the Children’s Autism Metabolome Project (CAMP). Through application of plasma metabolomic analyses of a large population of autistic and typically developing children, individuals were stratified using metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes). Metabotypes associated with autism provide insight into the heterogeneity of this condition. Fifty-four metabolites, mainly associated with amino acid, organic acid, acylcarnitine, and purine metabolism, were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including important metabolites and ratios related to energy homeostasis not evaluated in earlier studies. Quantitative thresholds of the concentrations of 4 metabolites and 149 ratios of concentrations of metabolites were identified that could stratify CAMP participants into metabolic subpopulations of primarily autistic individuals. One or more metabotypes were present in 83% of the autistic participants. based on the similarity of metabotype profiles of the participants. The metabotypes were grouped into 30 clusters based on the similarity of metabotype profiles of the participants. The clusters displayed 7 broader metabolic patterns of changes in metabolites associated with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), amino acid, purine, and acylcarnitine metabolism. Metabolic phenotypes related to cellular bioenergetics, especially mitochondrial dysmetabolism, were commonly observed in this large cohort of autistic participants. A subset of 42 metabotypes could identify CAMP autistic individuals with 72% sensitivity and 90% specificity. As the number of metabotype clusters increased in each individual, so did the autism severity. Metabolic profiling of autistic children can support diagnosis, enhance understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and suggest targeted metabolic treatments.
Calcium ionophore improves embryonic development and pregnancy outcomes in patients with previous developmental problems in ICSI cycles
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Zhao Haibin , Lv Jiale , Dong Yi , Zhao Maoning , Sui Xinlei , Cui Ran , Liu Boyang , Wu Keliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: Calcium (Ca2+) ionophores are now mainly considered as efficient treatments for fertilization failure. Recently, its application for rescuing poor embryo development was proposed but still non-routine. This study aimed to explore whether Ca2+ ionophore improves embryo development and pregnancy outcomes in patients with poor embryo development in previous ICSI cycles.Methods: This study included 97 patients undergoing assisted oocyte activation (AOA) with Ca2+ ionophore (calcimycin, A23187) treatment. Preimplantation embryonic development and clinical outcomes were compared between ICSI-AOA cycles (AOA group) and previous ICSI cycles of the same patients in which poor embryo developmental potential was present (non-AOA group). Subgroups stratified by maternal age (< 35, 35–40, ≥ 40 years, respectively) were analyzed separately.Results: A total of 642 MⅡ oocytes were collected in AOA group, and 689 in non-AOA group. Significantly higher day 3 good quality embryo rate (P = 0.034), good quality blastocyst formation rate (P < 0.001), and utilization rate (P < 0.001) were seen in AOA group for total included patients. Similar results were seen in each subgroup. There were significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.039) and live birth rate (P = 0.045) in total group. In subgroup aged < 35 years, biochemical (P = 0.038), clinical (P = 0.041), and ongoing pregnancy rate (P = 0.037) in AOA group were significantly higher than that in non-AOA group. No significant improvement for clinical outcomes for subgroups aged 35–40 and aged ≥ 40.Conclusion: The study suggests that calcimycin could improve preimplantation development and pregnancy outcomes in patients aged < 35 years with embryo developmental problems in previous ICSI cycles.
Aphrodisiac Effect of Peanut Extract in Male
Authors: Nnenna Oluchi , Uchendu Chukwuka Nwocha , Obidike Reginald Ikechukwu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Peanut is a legume and contains L-3, 4-Phenyl Alanine which is a precursor for Dopamine. Dopamine is a prolactin inhibitor. A slight increase in prolactin leads to infertility.Objective: To investigate the effect of peanut extract on the reproductive performance of males.Methods: Thirty two adult albino rats comprising of 8 males and 24 females were used. The 8 males were divided into two groups (A and B) of 4 rats each. Group A (control) was given 2ml/kg of distilled water (DW), B was given 800mg/kg of Peanut Aqueous Extract (PAE) for 30 days. At day 21, 3 females were introduced to each male for impregnation. At day 31, the males were sacrificed. Blood was collected for hematology and serology. The females carried their pregnancy to term.Result:PAE treated male rats had significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in testosterone, FSH and LH secretions. There was significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in sperm concentration in PAE treated males than in control. Fertility indices showed that PAE treated male rats’ had 75% impregnation success while DW treated males had 42%. The results confirmed PAE as an aphrodisiac for male and for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia-induced-infertility and early stages of Parkinson’s disease.
Gastroenterological management in a case of cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome
Authors: Ciacchini B. , Nardo G. Di , Marin M. , Borali E. , Caraccia M. , Mogni R. , Cairello F. , Rabbone I. , Ferrero G.B. , Prato A. Pini , Felici E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: cardio-facio-cutaneous is a rare genetic syndrome affecting less 900 people in the world. It is mainly characterized by craniofacial, dermatologic and cardiac defects, but also gastroenterological symptoms can be present, ranging from feeding difficulties to gastroesophageal reflux and constipation. In this report we describe a case of this syndrome characterized by severe feeding and growth difficulties, with a particular focus on the management of gastroenterological complications. This report wants to illustrate one of the many features of a syndrome that rarely comes to the attention of the clinician and that is not easy to diagnose.Case presentation: the patient was a caucasian male with Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous syndrome who, already a few hours after birth, presented feeding difficulties that worsened in the following months and lead to a complete growth arrest and malnutrition. He was first treated with a nasogastric tube placement. Subsequently, a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and a laparoscopic Stamm gastrostomy were performed. The child was fed with nocturnal enteral nutrition and diurnal oral nutrition. Eventually the patient resumed feeding validly and regained adequate growth.Conclusion: this paper aims to bring to light a complex rare syndrome that infrequently comes to the attention of the pediatricians and that is not simple to diagnose. We also highlight the possible complications from a gastroenterologic point of view. Our contribution can be useful to the pediatrician in the first diagnostic suspicion of this syndrome. In particular, it can be useful to remember that in an infant with Noonan-like features, suction or swallowing problems, vomiting and feeding difficulties should suggest the diagnosis of a Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. It can also be useful to highlight that gastroenterological issues may lead to severe growth failure and that the role of the gastroenterologist is key to manage supplemental feeding and to establish if a nasogastric or gastrostomic tube placement is necessary.
Synthesis of myricetin derivatives and evaluation of their hypoglycemic activities
Authors: Li Feng , Yang Chong , Zhang Liang , Li Wenbao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid and exhibits a wide range of activities. However, myricetin also exhibits substantial limitations, such as its poor water-solubility and low stability in body when it was administrated by oral. To solve these problems, a series of myricetin derivatives with different disaccharide groups were designed, synthesized and evaluated their hypoglycemic activities. All synthesized compounds displayed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in comparison with acarbose in vitro, which indicated that myricetin derivatives with different disaccharide groups had good hypoglycemic activity and could be further developed as hypoglycemic drugs.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants Born &lt;29 weeks with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lodha Abhay , Thomas Soumya , Jain Sunil , Murthy Prashanth , Chacko Joseph , Soraisham Amuchou , Tang Selphee , Dosani Aliyah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants born at < 29 weeks gestational age (GA) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) at 18 to 24 months corrected age (CA).
STUDY DESIGN:
In this retrospective cohort study, preterm infants born at < 29 weeks GA between January 2016 and December 2019, admitted to level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Units, who developed BPD and were evaluated at 18–24 months CA in the neonatal follow-up clinics were included. We compared demographic characteristics and neurodevelopmental- outcomes between the two groups: Group I: BPD with PH and Group II: BPD without PH, using univariate and multivariate regression models. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). NDI was defined as any Bayley-III score < 85 on one or more of the cognitive, motor, or language composite scores.
RESULTS
Of 366 eligible infants, 116 (Group I [BPD-PH] = 7, Group II [BPD with no PH] = 109) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 250 infants, 51 in Group I and 199 in Group II were followed at 18–24 months CA. Group I and Group II had median (IQR) birth weights of 705 g (325) and 815g (317) [p = 0.003] and median gestational ages (IQR) were 25 weeks (2) and 26 weeks (2) [p = 0.015], respectively. Infants in the BPD-PH group (Group I) were more likely to have mortality or NDI (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 3.63; 95% CI: 1.08–12.27).
CONCLUSION
BPD-PH in infants born at < 29 weeks GA is associated with increased odds of the composite outcome of death or NDI at 18–24 months CA.
Single-pulse X-ray Acoustic Computed Tomography Image Guided Precision Radiation Therapy
Authors: Gonzalez Gilberto , Prather Kiana , Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Sun Leshan , Caron Joseph , Wang Siqi , Ahmad Salahuddin , Xiang Liangzhong , Chen Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cancer has been and continues to be a leading cause of death globally. More than half of all cancer patients undergo ionizing radiation therapy and dosimetry is crucial to the success and improvement of these treatments - ensuring that an accurate radiation dose is delivered to the target location. Despite widespread clinical use, the delivered dose can only be planned and verified via simulations with phantoms, and an in-tumor, on-line dose verification is still unavailable after more than one-hundred years of clinical application. X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has recently shown the potential for imaging the delivered radiation dose within the tumor. Prior XACT imaging systems require tens of averages to achieve reasonable images. Here, we demonstrate that our XACT signals can be detected for each individual X-ray pulse (4µs) with sub-mGy sensitivity from a clinical linear accelerator during radiotherapy. Single-pulse XACT imaging holds great potential for personalized precision radiotherapy.
High-voltage Linear LED Driving for Three-phase AC Power Grids: A Competitive Scheme for General Lighting
Authors: Zhang Xiu , Wang Baoxing , Li Shuqi , Cai Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This work investigates the high-voltage linear multi-string LED driving scheme for three-phase AC power grids and confirms the superiority and practicality of this scheme in lighting applications for the first time. Three-phase AC power amplifies the excellent performance of linear multi-string LED driving systems in comparison to single-phase AC power. Based on the features of the rectified voltage waveform in the three-phase AC power supply, the LED distributions of the linear multi-string LED driving scheme were calculated with a unique optimization method to balance LED power and driving efficiency within ± 10% voltage fluctuations. And a double-string LED lighting system was constructed as a module prototype with the capability of scaling up. The experimental results exhibit high driving efficiency (~ 94% @380V line voltage), high power factor (~ 0.952), flicker-free, and high reliability at an extremely low cost (~$0.005/W).
Fabrication of zein/Persian gum particles under the effect of pH and mixing ratio and investigating their physico-chemical properties
Authors: Esteghlal Sara , Hosseinin Seyed Mohammad Hashem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Zein is the main protein of corn with interesting properties such as having FDA approval for human oral consumption, biocompatibility, resistance to digestive enzymes, and easily forming nanoparticles that make it a good candidate to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries for encapsulation and stabilizing Pickering emulsions. However, hydrophobic interactions between zein nanoparticles leads them to large coagulation. Coating nanoparticles with a charged biopolymer is an efficient way to prevent aggregation behavior due to the repulsive forces in the presence of coating layer (shell). In this research, water-soluble portion of Persian gum (WPG), as an emerging polysaccharide with appropriate properties and high availability, was used to increase the zein particles’ stability. Zein/WPG composite particles were fabricated by anti-solvent method under the effect of pH (3-7) and mixing ratio (10:1-1:2) and then their properties were investigated. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between two biopolymers and TEM micrographs revealed a core-shell morphology in composite particles. Incorporating WPG and pH reduction caused higher fluorescence emission at 303 nm. The presence of WPG increased the relative viscosity and the highest values were measured at pH 5 for both control zein and zein/WPG particles. The mixing ratio was more effective than pH on viscosity. The average size ranged from 218.6 nm for mixed particles at 1:1 mixing ratio and pH 3 to 7.53 μm for zein particles at pH 5. The results of this study can be used for fine-tuning of nanoparticles’ characteristics made from prolamins and anionic polysaccharides for different applications like encapsulation and interfacial stabilization.
Fabrication and Properties of Hydrophobically Modified ZnO-SiO 2 Nanocomposite with Polysiloxane
Authors: lonbani Saba Necooei , Montazeri Arash , Malakdar Sharbanoo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Studies on the wettability properties of solid surfaces are very important in any of the scientific and industrial fields. The most common principle for a superhydrophobic self-cleaning surface is the lotus effect induced by surface roughness. In this study, silicate compounds have been used to produce hydrophobic surfaces. In this way, firstly, SiO2-ZnO nanocomposite was produced, and then vinyl trimethoxy silane was used to increase the water contact angle (WCA). The structure and morphology of nanocomposites were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersion spectrometer (EDS) analyses. The thermal stability of nanocomposite coatings was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In order to investigate the wetting properties, the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), where the subsurface roughness average was obtained at 37.79 nm. The WCA of the coated surfaces with ZnO-SiO2 and ZnO-SiO2 @Polysiloxane nanocomposites were measured at 69 and 160°, respectively, indicating the surface superhydrophobic properties of ZnO-SiO2 @Polysiloxane nanocomposites. Finally, superhydrophobic properties of nanocomposites were investigated by the Cassie-Baxter model. The value of the f2 parameter in the model was estimated at 0.9556. This means that air occupies about 95.56% of the contact area between the water droplet and nano-coating, which is responsible for the superhydrophobic property of the surface.
Consumption of underutilised grain legumes and the prevention of type II diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from field investigation and physicochemical analyses
Authors: Hamadou Mamoudou , Alain Mune Mune Martin , Obadias Fookalbo Vagai , Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar , Başaran Bahri , Paul Bayang Jean , René Minka Samuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Grain legumes (GLs) are used in food as well as in traditional medicine due to their therapeutic properties. This study was carried out to correlate grain legume consumption to the prevention of type II diabetes and some cardiometabolic diseases (high blood pressure, obesity, and stroke).
Materials and methods
An exploratory survey was carried out among the population (n = 468) of Diamaré’s division (Maroua, Cameroon). A correlation study was carried out to demonstrate the link between the consumption of certain GLs and the prevention of metabolic diseases. A compositional analysis of selected GLs was performed according to the referenced methods.
Results
Significant correlations were observed between the consumption of soybean, Bambara beans, and cowpea and the prevention of certain metabolic diseases. Remarkable protein content was noted in soybean’s whole flour (WF) (38.133 ± 0.366 g/100g DM), followed by the underutilised cultivar BVB of Bambara bean (26.434 ± 0.366 g/100g DM). The cowpea seed has the highest total carbohydrate and vitamin C content of 59.294 ± 0.129 g/100g DM and 327.715 ± 0.336 µg EAA/100g DM, respectively, followed by the underutilised cultivar BVB with values of 57.696 ± 0.097 g/100g DM and 261.951 ± 0.376 µg EAA/100g DM. The three underutilised Bambara bean cultivars’ WF have the most remarkable dietary fibre content (18–28%). Soybean’s WF and those of the three underutilised Bambara bean cultivars contained the highest levels of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, i.e., 206.089 ± 0.087 mg GAE/100 DM, 143.868 ± 0.299 mg QE/100g DM for soybean, respectively. The highest free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was noted with the polyphenolic compounds’ extracts from soybean’s WF, i.e., 21.193 ± 0.049 µg TE/100g DM, followed by those from the underutilised BVB cultivar with a value of 16.594 ± 0.160 µg TE/100g DM. The most notable ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was obtained with soybean (34.481 ± 0.029 µg TE/100g DM), followed by the cultivar GHB (32.036 ± 0.076 µg TE/100g DM).
Conclusion
The significant levels of protein, phenolic compounds, and dietary fibre in these seeds confirmed these correlations and their potential therapeutic effects and nutritional properties.
A Space Vector PWM Fed SRM with Full Bridge Power Converter
Authors: Sun Haitao , Chen Yan , Dou Yinke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) driving method for the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. With a ring structure, a three-phase SRM can be driven by using a standard full-bridge power converter instead of the conventional asymmetric H-bridge. Based on this type of driving topology, an SVPWM method is applied for driving the SRM. The SVPWM method is compared to the conventional SRM driving method by using the asymmetric H-bridge, the results show that the SVPWM can reduce the torque ripple in the SRM effectively. The experimental validation is also made to verify the proposed driving topology and method, of which the results match well with the simulated results.