bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence pathway analysis of J-coupled lipids and lactate and effective suppression of lipids upon the selective multiple quantum coherence lactate editing sequence
Authors: Lee Seung-Cheol , Hariharan Hari , Arias-Mendoza Fernando , Mizsei Gabor , Nath Kavindra , Chawla Sanjeev , Elliott Mark A , Reddy Ravinder , Glickson Jerry D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. The selective multiple quantum coherence (Sel-MQC) sequence is a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique used to detect lactate and suppress co-resonant lipid signals in vivo. The coherence pathways of J-coupled lipids upon the sequence, however, have not been studied, hindering a logical design of the sequence to fully attenuate lipid signals. The objective of this study is to elucidate the coherence pathways of J-coupled lipids upon the Sel-MQC sequence and find a strategy to effectively suppress lipid signals from these pathways while keeping the lactate signal. Approach. The product operator formalism was used to express the evolutions of the J-coupled spins of lipids and lactate. The transformations of the product operators by the spectrally selective pulses of the sequence were calculated by using the off-resonance rotation matrices. The coherence pathways and the conversion rates of the individual pathways were derived from them. Experiments were performed on phantoms and two human subjects at 3 T. Main results. The coherence pathways contributing to the various lipid resonance signals by the Sel-MQC sequence depending on the gradient ratios and RF pulse lengths were identified. Theoretical calculations of the signals from the determined coherence pathways and signal attenuations by gradients matched the experimental data very well. Lipid signals from fatty tissues of the subjects were successfully suppressed to the noise level by using the gradient ratio −0.8:−1:2 or 1:0.8:2. The new gradient ratios kept the lactate signal the same as with the previously used gradient ratio 0:−1:2. Significance. The study has elucidated the coherence pathways of J-coupled lipids upon the Sel-MQC sequence and demonstrated how lipid signals can be effectively suppressed while keeping lactate signals by using information from the coherence pathway analysis. The findings enable applying the Sel-MQC sequence to lactate detection in an environment of high concentrations of lipids.
Interactions between proposed energy-mix scenarios and non-energy Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): a Sub-Sahara African perspective
Authors: Oghenekaro Ruseh Elohor , Kant Shashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sub- Sahara Africa (SSA) has the lowest access to energy globally which is partly responsible for its dismal socio-economic indices. The continent, however, has the unique opportunity to fuel its sustainable development using clean and sustainable energy. Given the continent’s aspirations, as well as its position and peculiarities within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as its hosting up to 90% of the world’s poorest countries, and generally lagging behind in development as most countries in Africa are not on track to meet the SDGs with the exception of the SDG on climate action, an assessment of the interactions and implications between the goal to provide access to clean, reliable, affordable, sustainable, and modern energy (SDG 7) and the other non-energy related SDGs is important for coherent cross-sectoral sustainable development planning and decision-making. This paper analyzes the interactions between SDG 7 and selected non-energy SDGs for three energy-mix scenarios—the current (2018), 2040 energy mix scenario proposed by International Energy Agency (IEA), and 2065 energy mix scenario proposed by Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. The analyses are done for two countries - Nigeria and Ethiopia—that capture the wide variation in economic growth and energy sources across SSA. The analyses were carried out by adapting a seven-point scoring typology proposed by Nilsson et al (2016). The results indicate that in the case of Nigeria, the interactions between SDG 7 and many non-energy SDGs, such as SDGs 2, 6, and 13, become negative for the IEA 2040 scenario while they were positive for 2018 scenario. For the same two scenarios (IEA 2040 and the current), for Ethiopia, there are some negative influences on selected non-energy SDGs, but the direction of overall interactions does not change from positive to negative. In the case of JRC 2065 scenario, there are marginal negative influences on some non-energy SDGs, but neither in Nigeria nor in Ethiopia, there is no complete reverse change from positive to negative for any non-energy SDGs. Hence, JRC 2065 scenario is preferred. The study concludes with recommendations for policy interventions that would prevent the change of the interactions that move from positive in the 2018 scenario towards negative in the 2065 scenario (such as those that protect the rights of local communities to natural resources), as well as policies that may reduce the influence of negative interactions seen in both scenarios (such as reduction of air pollution).
MARMOT: magnetism, anisotropy, and more, using the relativistic disordered local moment picture at finite temperature
Authors: Patrick Christopher E , Staunton Julie B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present MARMOT, a hybrid Python/FORTRAN implementation of the disordered local moment picture within multiple scattering density-functional theory. MARMOT takes atom-centred, scalar-relativistic potentials and constructs an effective medium (within the coherent potential approximation) to describe the disordered magnetic moment orientations at finite temperature. By solving the single-site scattering problem fully relativistically, spin–orbit effects are included, allowing the magnetocrystalline anisotropy to be calculated. Magnetic transition temperatures, spin and orbital moments, the density-of-states, and analytical parameterizations of the magnetic potential energy surface can also be calculated. Here, we describe the theory and practical implementation of MARMOT, and demonstrate its use by calculating Curie temperatures, magnetizations and anisotropies of bcc Fe, GdFe2 and YCo5.
Three-body renormalization group limit cycles based on unsupervised feature learning
Authors: Kaspschak Bastian , Meißner Ulf-G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Both the three-body system and the inverse square potential carry a special significance in the study of renormalization group limit cycles. In this work, we pursue an exploratory approach and address the question which two-body interactions lead to limit cycles in the three-body system at low energies, without imposing any restrictions upon the scattering length. For this, we train a boosted ensemble of variational autoencoders, that not only provide a severe dimensionality reduction, but also allow to generate further synthetic potentials, which is an important prerequisite in order to efficiently search for limit cycles in low-dimensional latent space. We do so by applying an elitist genetic algorithm to a population of synthetic potentials that minimizes a specially defined limit-cycle-loss. The resulting fittest individuals suggest that the inverse square potential is the only two-body potential that minimizes this limit cycle loss independent of the hyperangle.
An Improved Unsegmented Phonocardiogram Classification Using Nonlinear Time Scattering Features
Authors: Ajitkumar Singh Sinam , Dinita Devi Ningthoujam , Majumder Swanirbhar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals highlight the relevant characteristics for the prediction of heart diseases or heart-related disorders. However, it is challenging to classify heart abnormality relying on an unbalanced PCG dataset due to low classification performance. Recently, several studies have attempted to predict heart abnormality based on segmented and unsegmented features extracted using PCG signals. This study aims to develop an automated PCG classification model eliminating any segmentation of the heart sound signal for predicting heart abnormality. So, we have proposed a new approach based on wavelet scattering transform to predict two classes of PCG signals, namely, normal and abnormal. Based on the wavelet scattering transform, five scattering time window features were extracted from each PCG signal. The PhysioNet 2016 PCG database has been used here to evaluate and compare the classification performance based on the k Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier. The proposed architecture used a KNN classifier with different distance functions (Euclidean, Cityblock, Chebyshev, Minkowsky, Correlation, Spearman and Cosine) and has been compared with other traditional classifiers (classification tree, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine and ensemble). The proposed framework using nonlinear wavelet scattering features with a KNN classifier based Cityblock distance function achieved classification performance over the total datasets with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values of 97.82%, 95.04% and 98.72%, respectively.
Approaches to management of rhabdomyolysis as the adverse effect of drug interaction between atorvastatin and sacubitril/valsartan: a case report
Authors: Siew Kelvin Shenq Woei , Abdul Hafidz Muhammad Imran , Mohd Zaidan Fatimah Zahrah Binti , Hadi Mohd Firdaus bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Atorvastatin and sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto™) have been cornerstones in managing patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF). We report a case of life-threatening rhabdomyolysis associated with the co-administration of atorvastatin and sacubitril/valsartan.

Case summary
A 58-year-old male with coronary heart disease and chronic HF treated with the optimal dose of atorvastatin and other cardiovascular medications was frequently admitted for acute decompensation of HF. We decided to optimize his condition by adding sacubitril/valsartan to his treatment regime. He presented to our outpatient clinic with worsening myalgia and oliguria 6 days later. He was readmitted with markedly elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) (94 850 U/L; normal range 32–294 U/L), deranged liver function tests, and acute kidney injury. We withheld atorvastatin and sacubitril/valsartan and treated him with renal replacement therapy.

Discussion
Sacubitril inhibits the excretion of statins, thereby elevating serum statin concentration and increasing the likelihood of developing muscle-related toxicity. Co-administration of atorvastatin and sacubitril/valsartan should be monitored closely with laboratory investigations of CK and liver and renal function. The physician may consider starting low-dose atorvastatin at 20 mg daily in combination with sacubitril/valsartan 24 mg/26 mg twice daily and titrating accordingly to optimal doses. Rosuvastatin could be an alternative to atorvastatin, as it has less drug–drug interaction with sacubitril, thereby reducing the adverse effect.
Accelerated 2.5-D inversion of airborne transient electromagnetic data using reduced 3-D meshing
Authors: Engebretsen Kim Wann , Zhang Bo , Fiandaca Gianluca , Madsen Line Meldgaard , Auken Esben , Christiansen Anders Vest 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY
Airborne systems collecting transient electromagnetic data are able to gather large amounts of data over large areas in a very short time. These data are most often interpreted through 1-D inversions, due to the availability of robust, fast and efficient codes. However, in areas where the subsurface contains complex structures or large conductivity contrasts, 1-D inversions may introduce artefacts into the models, which may prevent correct interpretation of the results. In these cases, 2-D or 3-D inversion should be used. Here, we present a 2.5-D inversion code using 3-D forward modelling combined with a 2-D model grid. A 2.5-D inversion is useful where the flight lines are spaced far apart, in which case a 3-D inversion would not add value in relation to the added computational cost and complexity. By exploiting the symmetry of the transmitter and receiver system we are able to perform forward calculations on a reduced 3-D mesh using only half the domain transecting the centre of the transmitter and receiver system. The forward responses and sensitivities from the reduced 3-D mesh are projected onto a structured 2-D model grid following the flight direction. The difference in forward calculations is within 1.4 per cent using the reduced mesh compared to a full 3-D solution. The inversion code is tested on a synthetic example constructed with complex geology and high conductivity contrasts and the results are compared to a 1-D inversion. We find that the 2.5-D inversion recovers both the conductivity values and shape of the true model with a significantly higher accuracy than the 1-D inversion. Finally, the results are supported by a field case using airborne TEM data from the island of Mayotte. The inverted flight line consisted of 418 soundings, and the inversion spent an average of 6750 s per iteration, converging in 16 iterations with a peak memory usage of 97 GB, using 18 logical processors. In general, the total time of the 2-D inversions compared to a full 3-D inversion is reduced by a factor of 2.5 while the memory consumption was reduced by a factor of 2, reflecting the half-mesh approach.
Multisegment ruptures andVp/Vsvariations during the 2020–2021 seismic crisis in western Corinth Gulf, Greece
Authors: Mesimeri Maria , Ganas Athanassios , Pankow Kristine L 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYOn 2020 December 23, a seismic crisis initiated in the western Corinth Gulf offshore Marathias, lasted several months, and generated thousands of small magnitude earthquakes. The Gulf of Corinth is well known for earthquake swarm occurrence and short-lived burst-like earthquake sequences, mostly triggered by crustal fluids. Here, we perform a detailed seismic analysis aiming to identifying earthquake clusters within the seismic crisis and define their spatial and temporal characteristics. Thanks to the dense seismic station coverage in the area, operated by the Hellenic Unified Seismological Network and Corinth Rift Laboratory, we relocate shallow seismicity and compile a high-resolution earthquake catalogue containing ∼1400 earthquakes spanning the first two months of the seismic crisis. We identify 19 earthquake clusters by applying spatio-temporal criteria and define the geometry (strike and dip) using principal component analysis for 11 of them. Our results are consistent with moment tensor solutions computed for the largest earthquake in each cluster. A striking feature of the seismic activity is the west-towards-east migration with a notable increase in Vp/Vs values for each cluster and a slight increase of the dip angle for the identified fault segments. Furthermore, we find that each cluster contains several burst-like, short interevent time, repeating earthquakes, which could be related to aseismic slip or fluid migration. Overall, we show that the 2020–2021 seismic crisis consists of earthquake clusters that bifurcate between swarm-like and main shock–aftershock-like sequences and ruptured both north- and south-dipping high-angle fault segments. The 2020–2021 seismic activity is located between 5 to 8 km, shallower than the low angle north-dipping (∼10°) seismic zone which hosts long-lived repeating sequences at ∼9–10 km depth. This study supports a hypothesis that the low-angle north-dipping seismicity defines the brittle-ductile transition in the western Corinth Gulf, with seismic bursts occurring at shallower depths in the crust.
Omadacycline efficacy in the hollow fibre system model of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex and potency at clinically attainable doses
Authors: Chapagain Moti , Pasipanodya Jotam G. , Athale Shruti , Bernal Claude , Trammell Rachel , Howe David , Gumbo Tawanda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The standard of care (SOC) for the treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease (clarithromycin, rifabutin, and ethambutol) achieves sustained sputum conversion rates of only 54%. Thus, new treatments should be prioritized.

Methods
We identified the omadacycline MIC against one laboratory MAC strain and calculated drug half life in solution, which we compared with measured MAC doubling times. Next, we performed an omadacycline hollow fibre system model of intracellular MAC (HFS-MAC) exposure–effect study, as well as the three-drug SOC, using pharmacokinetics achieved in patient lung lesions. Data was analysed using bacterial kill slopes (γ-slopes) and inhibitory sigmoid Emax bacterial burden versus exposure analyses. Monte Carlo experiments (MCE) were used to identify the optimal omadacycline clinical dose.

Results
Omadacycline concentration declined in solution with a half-life of 27.7 h versus a MAC doubling time of 16.3 h, leading to artefactually high MICs. Exposures mediating 80% of maximal effect changed up to 8-fold depending on sampling day with bacterial burden versus exposure analyses, while γ-slope-based analyses gave a single robust estimate. The highest omadacycline monotherapy γ-slope was −0.114 (95% CI: −0.141 to −0.087) (r2 = 0.98) versus −0.114 (95% CI: −0.133 to −0.094) (r2 = 0.99) with the SOC. MCEs demonstrated that 450 mg of omadacycline given orally on the first 2 days followed by 300 mg daily would achieve the AUC0-24 target of 39.67 mg·h/L.

Conclusions
Omadacycline may be a potential treatment option for pulmonary MAC, possibly as a back-bone treatment for a new MAC regimen and warrants future study in treatment of this disease.
Classic Hoarding Cages Increase Gut Bacterial Abundance and Reduce the Individual Immune Response of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Workers
Authors: Gregory Casey L , Fell Richard D , Belden Lisa K , Walke Jenifer B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Laboratory experiments have advanced our understanding of honey bee (Apis mellifera) responses to environmental factors, but removal from the hive environment may also impact physiology. To examine whether the laboratory environment alters the honey bee gut bacterial community and immune responses, we compared bacterial community structure (based on amplicon sequence variant relative abundance), total bacterial abundance, and immune enzyme (phenoloxidase and glucose oxidase) activity of cohort honey bee workers kept under laboratory and hive conditions. Workers housed in the laboratory showed differences in the relative abundance of their core gut taxa, an increase in total gut bacterial abundance, and reduced phenoloxidase activity, compared to bees housed in hives.
Quasi-periodic whispers from a transient ULX in M 101: signatures of a fast-spinning neutron star?
Authors: Urquhart Ryan T , Soria Roberto , Di Stefano Rosanne , Cui Kaiming , Esposito Paolo , Israel Gian Luca , Kumar Sammarth , Motta Sara , Pintore Fabio , Riva Giacomo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We have studied the unusual time variability of an ultraluminous X-ray source in M 101, 4XMM J140314.2 + 541806 (henceforth, J1403), using Chandra and XMM-Newton data. Over the last two decades, J1403 has shown short-duration outbursts with an X-ray luminosity ∼1–3 × 1039 erg s−1, and longer intervals at luminosities ∼0.5–1 × 1038 erg s−1. The bimodal behaviour and fast outburst evolution (sometimes only a few days) are more consistent with an accretor/propeller scenario for a neutron star than with the canonical outburst cycles of stellar-mass black holes. If this scenario is correct, the luminosities in the accretor and propeller states suggest a fast spin (P ≈ 5 ms) and a low surface magnetic field (B ∼ 1010 G), despite our identification of J1403 as a high-mass X-ray binary. The most striking property of J1403 is the presence of strong ∼600-s quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), mostly around frequencies of ≈1.3–1.8 mHz, found at several epochs during the ultraluminous regime. We illustrate the properties of such QPOs, in particular their frequency and amplitude changes between and within observations, with a variety of techniques (Fast Fourier Transforms, Lomb–Scargle periodograms, weighted wavelet Z-transform analysis). The QPO frequency range &lt;10 mHz is an almost unexplored regime in X-ray binaries and ultraluminous X-ray sources. We compare our findings with the (few) examples of very low frequency variability found in other accreting sources, and discuss possible explanations (Lense–Thirring precession of the inner flow or outflow; radiation pressure limit-cycle instability; marginally stable He burning on the neutron star surface).
Discovery of a bright extended X-ray jet in RGB J1512+020A
Authors: Migliori G , Siemiginowska A , Cheung C C , Celotti A , Giroletti M , Giovannini G , Paggi A , Liuzzo E 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe report the discovery of a bright, extended X-ray jet in the quasar RGB J1512+020A (z = 0.22). Chandra observations show the X-ray core and 13 arcsec  (∼45 kpc projected) extended emission coincident with the radio jet. The jet stands out as one of brightest X-ray jets (LX ∼ 7 × 1043 erg s−1) at low redshift (z &lt; 0.5) discovered so far, with remarkably large X-ray to radio luminosity ratios (LX/Lr up to ∼50). We identified four main components, two unresolved knots and two extended structures, one being the jet brightest feature (JBF). All jet features are also detected in ALMA archival observations. The radio, sub-mm to X-ray spectra of the two knots can be modelled with a single synchrotron component. For the two resolved structures, the ALMA data unveil a turnover of the low-energy continuum at ∼460 GHz. External Comptonization of cosmic microwave background photons can account for the observed X-ray emission if the jet speed remains highly relativistic, with bulk motion Γbulk &gt; 15, up to tens of kiloparsec from the core. However, the comparison with the spectral energy distribution of similar X-ray detected jets shows that the alternative hypothesis of synchrotron emission from an additional population of ultra-high-energy electrons is also possible. We report a tentative (≳2σ) optical detection of the JBF in images of the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey. If confirmed, the optical emission should be either the low-energy tail of the radiative component responsible for the X-ray emission or a third, separate component.
iLoci: robust evaluation of genome content and organization for provisional and mature genome assemblies
Authors: Standage Daniel S , Lai Tim , Brendel Volker P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We introduce a new framework for genome analyses based on parsing an annotated genome assembly into distinct interval loci (iLoci), available as open-source software as part of the AEGeAn Toolkit (https://github.com/BrendelGroup/AEGeAn). We demonstrate that iLoci provide an alternative coordinate system that is robust to changes in assembly and annotation versions and facilitates granular quality control of genome data. We discuss how statistics computed on iLoci reflect various characteristics of genome content and organization and illustrate how these statistics can be used to establish a baseline for assessment of the completeness and accuracy of the data. We also introduce a well-defined measure of relative genome compactness and compute other iLocus statistics that reveal genome-wide characteristics of gene arrangements in the whole genome context. Given the fast pace of assembly/annotation updates, our AEGeAn Toolkit fills a niche in computational genomics based on deriving persistent and species-specific genome statistics. Gene structure model-centric iLoci provide a precisely defined coordinate system that can be used to store assembly/annotation updates that reflect either stable or changed assessments. Large-scale application of the approach revealed species- and clade-specific genome organization in precisely defined computational terms, promising intriguing forays into the forces of shaping genome structure as more and more genome assemblies are being deposited.