bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anatomic study and surgical technique for lumbar spinal canal decompression with “pedicle-plasty” strategy
Authors: Liu Zuo-Zhong , Shi Lei , Yan Zheng-Jian , Ran Jian-Hua , Xu Xi-yan , Deng Zhong-Liang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Disc and facet joint are essential for motion between vertebrae.In the treatment of lumbar burst fractures,intervertebral fusion or posterolateral fusion is often required after spinal decompression to rebuild spinal stability, but it may lead to the loss of motor units and the occurrence of adjacent segment diseases. In order to avoid the above situation, we propose lumbar spinal canal decompression with “pedicle-plasty” strategy (DPP).The important adjacent structures of DPP in the lumbar segments on CT and by using anatomical methods were measured and observed in this study. Then, we demonstrated the surgical procedure on cadaveric specimens. The range of the approach, operation space, and precautions were clarified through the above research, and this study can provide the anatomical basis for DPP in clinical practice.
Methods
First,image measurement analysis,the images of patients with lumbar spine CT examinations in our hospital without lumbar spine disease were selected to measure the osteotomy angle (OA), the distance from the intersection of the osteotomy surface and the skin to the posterior midline (DM), the transverse length of the osteotomy surface (TLOS), and the sagittal diameter of the outer edge of the superior articular process (SD). Secondary, cadaver study, the distance between the muscle space and midline(DMSM), the anterior and posterior diameters of the decompression(APDD), and the lateral traction distance of the lumbosacral plexus(TDLP) were measured on the cadaveric specimens. Finally, the surgical procedure was demonstrated.
Results
The OA ranged from 27.68°±4.59° to 38.34°±5.97°, the DM ranged from 43.44 ± 6.29 mm to 68.33 ± 12.06 mm, the TLOS ranged from 16.84 ± 2.19 mm to 19.64 ± 2.36 mm, and the SD ranged from 22.49 ± 1.74 mm to 25.53 ± 2.21 mm. DMM ranged from (45.53 ± 5.73) mm to (65.46 ± 6.43) mm. APDD were between 10.51 ± 3.59 and 12.12 ± 4.54 mm, and TDLP was between 3.28 ± 0.81 mm and 6.27 ± 0.62 mm. DPP was successfully performed on cadaveric specimens.
Conclusions
The approach reaches the outer edge of the articular process through the space between the longissimus and lumbar iliocostalis, and this approach allows for less stripping of both the origin and insertion point of the muscle. An accurate measurement of OA by CT before an oblique osteotomy can reduce pedicle splitting. A spinal canal decompression can be completed through a flat oval lateral window, and then the pedicle is reduced to preserve the integrity of the bone tissue. DPP, as a novel surgical technique for the treatment of lumbar burst fractures with occupation of bone fragments, can preserve the spinal motor unit to decrease the adjacent segment diseases because of no resection of intervertebral discs and no destruction of facet joints,and has certain developmental significance.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Parental Monitoring Short Scale (PMSS)
Authors: Swaim Randall C. , Stanley Linda R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric properties and validity of the Parental Monitoring Short Scale (PMSS) across reservation-based American Indian and White youth. The PMSS is a shortened and revised version of previous measures of Parental Knowledge, Parental Control, Child Disclosure, and Parental Solicitation. EFA and CFA supported three factors, with Child Disclosure and Parental Solicitation forming a single factor. Configural, scale, and metric invariance were supported across grade level, sex, and ethnicity. Additionally, scale factors were negatively related to substance use, supporting its validity as reported in previous research. This shortened scale of parental monitoring with simplified language can provide a useful measure to comprehensively assess parental monitoring across various subgroups of youth. Further work with this scale among other ethnic groups will determine the breadth of its utility.
Induction and quantification of cellulose nanofibril alignment in nano-hydroxyapatite biocomposite films
Authors: Roozbahani Sahar , Hamilton Joshua , Alsamsam Omar , Mason Michael , Tilbury Karissa Beth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been explored as an emerging naturally sourced material for the development of new biomaterials. The ability to reproducibly tune CNF fiber alignment is an active area of CNF-based biomaterial research. Typically, CNF-based biomaterials are composites, requiring the ability to control the organization of both CNF and additional additives to achieve desired mechanical and cellular interactions. Here, we present a simple CNF fibril alignment strategy based on the application of constant unilateral force on thin CNF films drying on a flexible substrate to reproducibly modulate CNF fibril alignment while integrating nanoparticle hydroxyapatite, a candidate mineral oxide. CNF fibril alignment/orientation is characterized using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tensile testing. Collectively, all these characterization tools demonstrate that the application of a 10.2 N unilateral force on a CNF film drying on a flexible substrate results in increased CNF fibril alignment. Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite did not diminish the CNF fibril alignment as assessed by both PLM, SEM, and modulus of elasticity highlighting the utility of the CNF film fabrication technique. In summary, the application of unilateral force on thin CNF films adhered to latex is an elegant, scalable, and cost-effective technique for generating CNF composite films with reproducible fibril alignment.
The ‘sugar tax’ in Bermuda: a qualitative study of general population and key stakeholder perceptions
Authors: CASE Kelsey K , PINEDA Elisa , OLNEY Jack , SEGAL Alexa Blair , SASSI Franco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTaxes on discretionary foods and sugar-sweetened beverages have emerged as a strategy for health promotion. Between 2018-2019, the Bermuda government introduced a phased sugar tax on imported sugar-sweetened beverages, confectionery, products containing cocoa and pure sugar. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of perceptions of the tax among the general population and key stakeholders.MethodsWe conducted a survey of the general population (N = 400), and semi-structured interviews with key informants (N = 14) from the government, food and beverage, and health sectors to understand awareness, acceptability, and perceived impact of the tax after implementation. Summary statistics and thematic analysis were conducted for the general population survey data, and thematic analysis using the framework method was conducted for key informant interviews.ResultsGeneral population respondents had high awareness of the sugar tax (94%) but lower awareness of the healthy food subsidy (32%). Most respondents (67%) felt the tax was not an appropriate way to motivate healthier consumption behaviour largely due to perceptions the tax would not be effective (44%), and due to the high price of healthy food (20%). However, nearly half (48%) of respondents reported consuming fewer taxed products, primarily for health reasons but also motivated by price increases. Key informants indicated there was high awareness, but limited understanding of the tax policy. Most informants expressed support for taxation as a health promotion strategy, conditional on policy implementation. The tax was not believed to have had an impact on consumption. Factors include the lack of clear price differentiation and the absence of accompanying health education or health promotion. No informants were aware of use of tax revenues for health purposes and tax revenue was reportedly re-directed after implementation.ConclusionsThere was high awareness, but limited acceptability of the tax as implemented. Clarity in the tax policy, appropriateness of the tax mechanism, and use of revenue in alignment with the tax aim are critical components for acceptance. The absence of complementary education and health promotion further affected acceptance and may limit potential health impacts. The lessons learned in Bermuda can inform similar policies in other settings.
Propagation of hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian beam in jet engine induced turbulence
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Mert , Akın Buket , Işık Mehmet Berke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates beam evolution and beam sizes variation of hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian (HSG) beam propagating in jet engine exhaust-induced turbulence. We find the received field by solving Huygens-Fresnel integral with a relevant power spectrum. Our results reveal that HSG loses its initial profile until 100m. Besides, beam with low displacement parameter value is more resistive against turbulence. In terms of beam size, beams with low Gaussian source size expand less as compared to the beams with larger Gaussian source size. In the light of our findings, optical systems in aircrafts like directed infrared counter measure (DIRCM) and laser designators can be developed.
A fatal case of neonatal onset multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by novel mutation of ETFDH gene: case report.
Authors: De Pasquale Loredana , Meo Petronilla , Fulia Francesco , Anania Antonio , Meli Valerio , Mondello Antonina , Raimondo Maria Tindara , Tulino Viviana , Coletta Maria Sole , Cacace Caterina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inborn error of fatty acid beta oxidation and branched-chain amino acids, secondary to mutations in the genes encoding the electron transfer flavoproteins A and B (ETFs; ETFA or ETFB) or ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). The clinical manifestation of MADD is heterogeneous, from severe neonatal forms to mild late-onset forms.Case presentation. We report the case of a preterm newborn who died a few days after birth for an untreatable condition of metabolic acidosis. The diagnosis of neonatal onset MADD was suggested on the basis of the clinical features displaying congenital abnormalities and of the results of the analysis of urinary organic acids along with plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines. Molecular genetic test revealed a homozygous indel variant c.606 + 1 _606 + 2insT in the ETFDH gene, localized in a canonical splite site. This variant, segregated from the two heterozygous parents, was not present in the general population frequency database and has never been reported in the literature.Discussion and conclusion. Genetic counselling should be offered to parents to inform them about the percentage of risk to have an affected child in case of a new pregnancy and about the possibility to perform, in such circumstance, prenatal molecular genetic testing.
Inhaled Aviptadil for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients at high risk for ARDS: Study protocol for a randomized, placebo controlled multicentre trial.
Authors: Boesing Maria , Abig Kristin , Brändle Michael , Brutsche Martin , Burri Emanuel , Frye Björn C , Giezendanner Stéphanie , Grutters Jan C , Haas Philippe , Heisler Justian , Jaun Fabienne , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne B , Lüthi-Corridori Giorgia , Müller-Quernheim Joachim , Nüesch Reto , Pohl Wolfgang , Rassouli Frank , Leuppi Jörg D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the fast establishment of new therapeutic agents in the management of COVID-19 and large-scale vaccination campaigns since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in early 2020, severe disesase-courses still represent a threat, especially to patients with risk factors. This indicates the need for alternative strategies to prevent respiratory complications like acute respiratory distress system (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. Aviptadil, a synthetic form of Human Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, might be beneficial for COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing ARDS because of its ability to influence the regulation of exaggerated pro-inflammatory proteins and orchestrating the lung homeostasis. Aviptadil has recently been shown to considerably improve the prognosis of ARDS in COVID-19 when applied intravenously. An inhaled application of Aviptadil has the advantages of achieving a higher concentration in the lung tissue, fast onset of activity, avoiding the hepatic first-pass metabolism, and the reduction of adverse effects. The overall objective of this project is to assess the efficacy and safety of inhaled Aviptadil in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at high risk of developing ARDS.Methods: This multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial with 82 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and at high risk for ARDS (adapted early acute lung injury score ≥ 2 points) is conducted in four public hospitals in Europe. Key exclusion criteria are mechanical ventilation and severe hemodynamic instability. Patients are randomly allocated to either inhale 67μg Aviptadil or normal saline (three times a day for 10 days), in addition to standard care, stratified by centre. The primary endpoint is time from hospitalization to clinical improvement, defined as either hospital discharge, or improvement of at least two levels on the nine-level scale for clinical status suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO)Discussion: Treatment strategies for COVID-19 are still limited. In the context of upcoming new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and possible inefficacy of the available vaccines and antibody therapies, the investigation of alternative therapy options plays a crucial role in decreasing associated mortality and improving prognosis. Due to its unique immunomodulating properties also targeting the SARS‑CoV-2 pathways, inhaled Aviptadil may have the potential to prevent ARDS in COVID-19.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04536350. Registered 02 September 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04536350
Heteronemin Promotes Iron-Dependent Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kaftan Gizem , Erdoğan Mümin Alper , El-Shazly Mohamed , Lu Mei-Chin , Shih Shou-Ping , Lin Hung-Yu , Saso Luciano , Armagan Güliz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the source of several anticancer drugs, the marine environment is a treasure trove for the discovery of new drugs. In this study, a sesterterpenoid-type natural product heteronemin was investigated as a potential ferroptotic agent in the pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc-1). The effect of heteronemin on lipid peroxidation and autophagy- and ferritin-related protein expressions was examined using spectrophotometric and immunoblotting techniques, respectively. As well, several preclinical cell-based tests were used for the anticancer assessment. Results: Heteronemin at 55 nM concentration reduced cell viability by 50%. Heteronemin-induced cell death was reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin-1. The levels of ferroptosis markers and malondialdehyde (MDA) were upregulated by heteronemin treatment while glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) protein expression was downregulated. Also, significant alterations in ferritinophagy- and iron-related proteins (Atg5, Atg7, FTL, STEAP3, and DMT-1) were observed in Panc-1 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that heteronemin exerted its pharmacological effect via triggering ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer. The potent cytotoxic effect of heteronemin suggested its potential development as a drug lead in the war against cancer.
Impact of Subsector of agriculture and economic Growth on CO2 emission in Pakistan; An evidence from Environmental Kuznets Cure (EKC)
Authors: Shakoor Abdul , Ahmed Roohi , Ahmed Zubair , Khan Uroosa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Modernization is not the only cause for producing Carbon dioxide Emission, to achieve a sustainable agriculture growth by introducing the concept of renewable energy into agriculture sector, through this process reduced the CO2 emission in country. Secondly to measure the EKC in order to examine the association among variables in Pakistan. The main objective of this research is to check the EKC hypothesis with CO2 emission and economic development, Renewable energy and agriculture sub-sector like, fisheries and crops Production in Pakistan. This study covers the time period 1984 to 2020. We have applied Autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) bound test. The results indicate existence of long run association among all variable in the model. The result of co-integration in the short run shows negative relationship between CO2 emission and Crops production in current time period and it shows a positive correlation with the first lag of CO2 emission which means that current Crops production reduce the Corbin Dioxide emission by 32% during a year, while in lag period it will increased in the short run. In the long run one percent increase in Crops production will reduced the CO2 emission by 86%. Renewable energy shows negative relation with CO2 emission in short run, one percent increase in renewable energy will reduced the CO2 by 0.017%. Our results supports the existence of EKC hypothesis for Pakistan.
Association between iron deficiency and telogen effluvium: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Kang Xiaojing , Zhang Jingzhan , Guan Mengmeng , Ding Yuan , Ma Yunxia , Li Tingting , Dai Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Iron deficiency has been associated with telogen effluvium, but currently, the data regarding their association are conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of this association, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate serum ferritin level, serum iron level, and prevalence of ferritin deficiency in all published studies. Databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Offshore Vessel Inspection Database, and Cochrane Library, were systematically searched. The association was assessed using standardized mean differences, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1. A total of 20 studies were identified. The results showed that in patients with telogen effluvium, including those with acute and chronic telogen effluvium, serum iron and serum ferritin levels were lower than those in the normal population. There was no significant difference in serum ferritin and iron levels between patients with acute and chronic telogen effluvium. In patients with chronic telogen effluvium, the prevalence of ferritin deficiency was higher than that in the general population when ferritin levels were 20 ng/dl and 30 ng/dl as the threshold for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. This meta-analysis revealed that iron deficiency is associated with telogen effluvium and clarified the critical serum ferritin level for defining iron deficiency in patients with telogen effluvium.
Impact of an Educational Program and Decision Tool on Choice of Maternity Hospital: The Delivery Decisions Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: MEHROTRA Ateev , WOLFBERG Adam , SHAH Neel , Plough Avery , WEISETH Amber , BLAINE Arianna , Noddin Katie , Nakamoto Carter , Richard Jessica , BRADLEY Dani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Reducing cesarean rates is a public health priority. To help pregnant people select hospitals with lower cesarean rates, numerous organizations publish hospital cesarean rate data. Few pregnant people use these data when deciding where to deliver. We sought to determine whether making cesarean rate data more accessible and understandable increases the likelihood of pregnant people selecting low-cesarean rate hospitals. Methods: We conducted a 1:1 randomized controlled trial in 2019-2021 among users of a fertility and pregnancy mobile application. Eligible participants were trying to conceive for fewer than five months or were 28-104 days into their pregnancies. Of 189,456 participants approached and enrolled, 120,621 participants met entry criteria and were included in analyses. The intervention group was offered an educational program explaining the importance of hospital cesarean rates and an interactive tool presenting hospital cesarean rates as 1-to-5-star ratings. Control group users were offered an educational program about hospital choice and a hospital choice tool without star ratings. The primary outcome was the star rating of the hospital selected by each patient during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were the importance of cesarean rates in choosing a hospital and delivery method (post-hoc secondary outcome). Results: Of 120,621 participants (mean [SD] age, 27.8 [7.9]), 12,284 (10.2%) reported their choice of hospital during pregnancy with similar reporting rates in the intervention and control groups. Intervention group participants selected hospitals with higher ratings (2.52 vs 2.16; difference, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.43] p<0.001), were more likely to believe that the hospital they chose would impact their chances of having a cesarean delivery (38.5% vs 33.1%, p<0.001), but did not assign higher priority to cesarean delivery rates when choosing their hospital (76.2% vs 74.3%, p=0.05). There was no difference in self-reported cesarean rates between the intervention and control groups (31.4% vs 31.4%, p=0.98). Conclusion: People offered an educational program and interactive tool to compare hospital cesarean rates were more likely to use cesarean data in selecting a hospital and selected hospitals with lower cesarean rates but were not less likely to have a cesarean.Clinical Trial Registration: Registered December 9, 2016 at clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT02987803.
Middle Mesial Canals in mandibular molars: prevalence and correlation to anatomical aspects based on CBCT imaging
Authors: Barros-Costa Matheus , Ferreira Matheus Diniz , Costa Felipe Ferreira , Freitas Deborah Queiroz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Middle Mesial Canal (MMC) in a Brazilian subpopulation, verify whether its presence is related to anatomical characteristics of the tooth, and propose a classification using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and methods: CBCT scans of 284 patients were evaluated by two radiologists to determine the presence of the MMC in mandibular first and second molars. Subsequently, the mesio-distal and buccal-lingual measurements of the mesial roots were obtained; the measurements between the root canals, and from MMC to the mesiobuccal canal and to the mesiolingual canal were also obtained. The MMC was classified according to its relationship with mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact test, Multiple Logistic Regression analysis, Student's t-test, Kappa and Intraclass correlation coefficient (p<0.05).Results: The intra-examiner agreements for the presence of the MMC and the measurements were considered almost perfect (0.953 and 0.999, respectively). Of 216 mandibular first molars, 11.1% had the MMC, and of 228 mandibular second molars, only 1.75% had the MMC. The presence was significant higher in the mandibular first molar (p<0.0001). The buccal-lingual measurement and the measurement between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were higher in teeth with MMC (p=0.024 and p=0.005, respectively). It was possible to classify the configuration of MCC into four types: Independent (60.7%) Confluent (14.3%), Mesiolingual confluent (14.3%), and Mesiobuccal confluent (10.7%).Conclusions: The prevalence of MMC is more pronounced in mandibular first molars and anatomical measurements, such as greater measurement between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals, may alert clinicians to its presence. It was found 4 types of configurations of MMC.Clinical relevance: The knowledge of the prevalence of anatomical variations is important to alert clinicians about the possibility of finding them in the clinical routine.