bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpolated testing and content pretesting as interventions to reduce task-unrelated thoughts during a video lecture
Authors: Welhaf Matthew S. , Phillips Natalie E. , Smeekens Bridget A. , Miyake Akira , Kane Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsiderable research has examined the prevalence and apparent consequences of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) in both laboratory and authentic educational settings. Few studies, however, have explored methods to reduce TUTs during learning; those few studies tested small samples or used unvalidated TUT assessments. The present experimental study attempted to conceptually replicate or extend previous findings of interpolated testing and pretesting effects on TUT and learning. In a study of 195 U.S. undergraduates, we investigated whether interpolated testing (compared to interpolated restudy) and pretesting on lecture-relevant materials (compared to pretesting on conceptually related but lecture-irrelevant materials) would reduce TUTs during a video lecture on introductory statistics. Subjects completed either a content-matched or content-mismatched pretest on statistics concepts and then watched a narrated lecture slideshow. During the lecture, half of the sample completed interpolated tests on the lecture material and half completed interpolated restudy of that material. All subjects responded to unpredictably presented thought probes during the video to assess their immediately preceding thoughts, including TUTs. Following the lecture, students reported on their situational interest elicited by the lecture and then completed a posttest. Interpolated testing significantly reduced TUT rates during the lecture compared to restudying, conceptually replicating previous findings—but with a small effect size and no supporting Bayes-factor evidence. We found statistical evidence for neither an interpolated testing effect on learning, nor an effect of matched-content pretesting on TUT rates or learning. Interpolated testing might have limited utility to support students’ attention, but varying effect sizes across studies warrants further work.
Social networking sites use and college students’ academic performance: testing for an inverted U-shaped relationship using automated mobile app usage data
Authors: Tafesse Wondwesen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the widespread adoption of social networking sites among college students, discerning the relationship between social networking sites use and college students’ academic performance has become a major research endeavor. However, much of the available research in this area rely on student self-reports and findings are notably inconsistent. Further, available studies typically cast the relationship between social networking sites use and college students’ academic performance in linear terms, ignoring the potential moderating role of the intensity of social networking sites use. In this study, we draw on contrasting arguments in the literature predicting positive and negative effects of social networking sites use on college students’ academic performance to propose an inverted U-shaped relationship. We collected data on social networking sites use by having college students install a tracking app on their smartphones for 1 week and data on academic performance from internal college records. Our findings indicate that social networking sites use indeed exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with college students’ academic performance. Specifically, we find that spending up to 88.87 min daily on social networking sites is positively associated with academic performance, but beyond that, social networking sites use is negatively associated with academic performance. We discuss the implications of our findings.
Health-related quality of life in patients with COVID-19; international development of a patient-reported outcome measure
Authors: Amdal Cecilie Delphin , Taylor Katherine , Kuliś Dagmara , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Bottomley Andrew , Arraras Juan Ignacio , Barte James Harold , Darlington Anne Sophie , Hofsø Kristin , Holzner Bernard , Jørgensen Nina Marie Høyning , Mariano Melissa Paulita , Pe Madeline , Piccinin Claire , Riccetti Nicola , Schranz Melanie , Wheelwright Sally , Bjordal Kristin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to create a questionnaire to assess the health-related quality of life including functioning, symptoms, and general health status of adult patients with current or previous COVID-19. Here, we report on Phase I and II of the development.

Methods
Internationally recognized methodology for questionnaire development was followed. In Phase I, a comprehensive literature review was performed to identify relevant COVID-19 issues. Decisions for inclusion, exclusion, and data extraction were completed independently in teams of two and then compared. The resulting issues were discussed with health care professionals (HCPs) and current and former COVID-19 patients. The input of HCPs and patients was carefully considered, and the list of issues updated. In Phase II, this updated list was operationalized into items/questions.

Results
The literature review yielded 3342 publications, 339 of which were selected for full-text review, and 75 issues were identified. Discussions with 44 HCPs from seven countries and 52 patients from six countries showed that psychological symptoms, worries, and reduced functioning lasted the longest for patients, and there were considerable discrepancies between HCPs and patients concerning the importance of some of the symptoms. The final list included 73 issues, which were operationalized into an 80-item questionnaire.

Conclusion
The resulting COVID-19 questionnaire covers health–related quality of life issues relevant to COVID-19 patients and is available in several languages. The next steps include testing of the applicability and patients’ acceptability of the questionnaire (Phase IIIA) and preliminary psychometric testing (Phase IIIB).
The possible ameliorative role of Moringa oleifera seed oil on sofosbuvir-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats; histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies
Authors: Mahran Hoda A. , Okdah Yosry A. , Zaky Aisha A. , Arisha Samah M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. Sofosbuvir (sofo) is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase used to treat chronic hepatitis C infection as a component of a combination of antiviral treatment regimen. Many side effects of sofo were reported in different mammalian organs including kidney. Moringa oleifera (MO) is one of the medicinal plants which have many pharmacological activities and nutritional applications due to its rich phytonutrients content. This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of MO seed oil against nephrotoxicity induced by sofo in adult male albino rats. The experimental animals were divided equally into four groups. Group I: animals were served as control. Group II: animals were orally given MO oil (2 ml/kg/day). Group III: animals were orally administered with sofo (36 mg/kg/day). Group IV: animals were orally given sofo then after 2 h they were given MO oil (with the same previous doses). All doses were daily given to the animals for eight weeks. At the end of the experiments, animals were sacrificed and sera were collected to determine urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity. Kidneys were removed out and prepared for both the histological and immunohistochemical studies.

Results
Sofo-treated animals showed many pathological changes; damaged glomeruli and degenerated renal tubules with vacuolated lining epithelial cells contain pyknotic nuclei. In addition, leukocytic infiltration, congested blood vessels and hemorrhage were seen. Caspase-3 and PCNA were expressed in a large number of cells in the same group. Moreover, a significant increase in urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels was recorded as well as a significant decrease in catalase activity. Co-treatment of MO oil with sofo effectively counteracted the observed adverse effects. It attenuated the histological picture of the kidney, significantly ameliorated urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and restored the normal expressions of caspase-3 and PCNA.

Conclusions
Moringa oleifera oil can ameliorate nephrotoxicity induced by sofo via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
Evaluating the potential of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) for citric acid production in a submerged culture of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Ezeaa Ifeanyi Boniface , Ezaka Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWild cocoyam (Caladium bicolar) is non-edible starchy material which is commonly known as ‘Ede umuagbara’ in the south-east region of Nigeria. Evaluating the potential of wild cocoyam for citric acid production was investigated usingAspergillus nigerin a submerged culture.ResultsThis study showed that wild cocoyam flour concentration, pretreatment of wild cocoyam, inoculums size, initial pH of wild cocoyam and incubation temperature of wild cocoyam medium had significant effect on the amount of citric acid produced from wild cocoyam (p < 0.05). Citric acid concentration increased as the concentration wild cocoyam increased up to 15% with the maximum citric acid concentration of 10.0 ± 0.251 g/l after 96 h of fermentation. Also citric acid concentration increased as the pretreatment time of wild cocoyam increased from 5 to 20 min. A 20 min pretreatment time at 121 °C was the optimum with maximum concentration of 14.0 ± 0.325 g/l citric acid after 96 h of fermentation. 15% inoculums was the optimum with the maximum concentration of 16.0 ± 0.431 g/l citric acid. However, the wild cocoyam initial pH value of 5.5 was the optimum for maximum citric acid concentration of 19.0 ± 0.316 after 96 h of fermentation. Moreover, citric acid concentration increased as the incubation temperature of wild cocoyam medium increased from 20 to 30 °C. Incubation of wild cocoyam medium at 30 °C was the optimum with the maximum citric acid concentration of 23.0 ± 0.432 g/l after 96 h of fermentation.ConclusionTherefore, the result revealed that wild cocoyam which is found plenty within the south-east region of Nigeria can be converted to citric acid if well harnessed.
Clinical pattern of synthetic cannabinoids users in Upper Egypt: cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelmoneim Wafaa M. , Ghandour Nagwa M. , Fawzy Mohamed , Mohammed Marwa Kh. , Ramadan Abdelrahman G. , Abdellah Nora Z. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is an expanding use of new psychoactive substances containing synthetic cannabinoids in the last years. This study was conducted to identify the epidemiologic data of acute and chronic toxicity by synthetic cannabinoids in Upper Egypt patients.

Results
All cases included in the presenting study were fifty males. Most users of synthetic cannabinoids were in the adolescence and middle age group (15–< 35) representing 68%. Curiosity was the most common motivator for using synthetic cannabinoids. Alteration of perception was reported in 68% of subjects after synthetic cannabinoids use. Additionally, dizziness, loss of consciousness, convulsion, and panic attacks were also reported. Cardiovascular adverse effects experienced by users were palpitations (76%) and chest pain (12%). Half of included subjects (50%) reported financial problems and about one-third (32%) got involved in domestic violence. Abnormal routine laboratory findings that were found in included cases were in the form of 12% anemia, 10% leukocytosis, and 6% leucopenia. Also, liver and kidney functions were elevated in 8% and 4% of the cases, respectively. While 22% and 4% of cases were positive for hepatitis C and HIV respectively.

Conclusions
This study can be concluded that adolescence are the most common users of SCs; neuro-psychiatric and cardiovascular side effects were the most experienced by subjects. Violence in many forms, especially domestic violence, was associated with synthetic cannabinoids abuse.

Trial registration
Registered in clinical trial under name syntheticcannabinoidsAssiut and ID NCT03866941 and URL.
Health funders’ dissemination and implementation practices: results from a survey of the Ensuring Value in Research (EViR) Funders’ Forum
Authors: van der Linden Barbara , Dunham Kelly M. , Siegel Joanna , Lazowick Emily , Bowdery Michael , Lamont Tara , Ford Alison 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
A significant gap persists between evidence from research and its use in practice. Research funders, important actors in the health research system, can help reduce this gap by initiating dissemination and implementation (D&I) activities. The specific types of D&I activities funders currently lead have not been explored thoroughly. The Ensuring Value in Research (EViR) Funders’ Forum—an international collaboration of health-related research funders—was established in 2017 to address research waste issues and increase the value of research. The Forum surveyed funders to learn about their D&I practices and challenges.

Methods
We distributed a five-item exploratory survey to participating funders in August 2018. The results informed the development of a survey instrument, distributed in June 2019. The survey instrument contained 15 items prompting respondents to categorize and describe their level of effort in six practice areas: release of findings, dissemination, knowledge exchange/partnering, implementation, building capacity, and implementation research. In addition, funders were asked to describe examples of their practices in detail. Thirty-one funders completed the survey instrument, a 58% response rate.

Results
Most funders regard D&I as a high priority, but funders vary in levels of activity per practice area. Over half of respondents reported that they have at least some activity in all D&I practice areas surveyed, with the exception of implementation research. The vast majority indicated some or significant activity in release of findings (97%) and dissemination (87%). Nearly one-fifth of funders (19%) indicated that implementation is outside their remit, and 26% indicated that implementation research is outside their remit. Survey respondents shared a broad range of examples of activities in each practice area. Lack of evidence for successful approaches and measuring impact were named frequently as challenges and as potential areas for collaboration.

Conclusions
Although models of dissemination and implementation vary across organizations, the majority of funders indicated that D&I of research findings is a priority. Funders indicated a need for evidence on effectiveness of various approaches to D&I. Increased collaboration between funders, including sharing good practices, will increase our collective learning and knowledge development.
Quality of life and clinical assessment of joint health in children with hemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Hassab Hoda M. , Saad Hany R. , Abdel Ghany Hayam M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemophilic arthropathy results in pain, deformity, and disability with severe impairments, activity limitation, and thus productivity loss. Also patterns of treatment interfere with patients’ life, so the quality of life should be assessed when evaluating treatment. The aim of this work was to assess the quality of life of children with hemophilic arthropathy and its relation to clinical joint health.

Results
The study was carried out on fifty boys with hemophilic arthropathy. All patients were subjected to thorough local clinical assessment of the most affected and/or target joint using Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS 2.1) and assessment of quality of life using Haemo quality of life (Haemo-Qol) questionnaire children and parent versions. Among the fifty hemophilic patients, 36 (72%) patients were hemophilia A and 14 (28 %) patients were hemophilia B. The age at first hemarthrosis ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 2.40±1.78. While the number of joints affected in the studied patients ranged from 2 to 13 joints with a mean of 7±3.25. As regards the severity, 23 patients (46%) had severe, and 27 (54%) had moderate hemophilia. Forty four (88%) patients had different degrees of anemia. There was significant correlation between child Haemo-QoL with degree of anemia (r = 0.291, P = 0.040), mainly with view and school dimensions. There were significant correlations between child and parent Haemo-QoL and HJHS with each of the following: factor activity level, duration of the disease, duration of joint disease, number of bleeding attacks last year, and number of joints affected. Synovectomy was done for 5 (10%) patients. The total child Haemo-QoL score was statistically significantly lower after the intervention (P=0.043), with a significant improvement in physical health, feeling, view, family, school and sports, treatment, and dealing dimensions. In the current study, there were significant positive correlations between child and parent Haemo-QoL and HJHS scores.

Conclusions
The quality of life in patients with hemophilic arthropathy was influenced by the joint health, factor activity level, disease duration, number of bleeding attacks, number of joints affected (during life), duration of joint disease, and presence of hepatitis C virus.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Amplified Gastroesophageal Cancer: Retrospective Global Experience
Authors: Maron Steven B. , Moya Stephanie , Morano Federica , Emmett Matthew J. , Chou Joanne F. , Sabwa Shalom , Walch Henry , Peterson Bryan , Schrock Alexa B. , Zhang Liangliang , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Chalasani Sree , Ku Geoffrey Y. , Disel Umut , Enzinger Peter , Uboha Nataliya , Kato Shumei , Yoshino Takayuki , Shitara Kohei , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Saeed Anwaar , Kasi Pashtoon M. , Chao Joseph , Lee Jeeyun , Capanu Marinela , Wainberg Zev , Petty Russell , Pietrantonio Filippo , Klempner Samuel J. , Catenacci Daniel V.T. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE Subset analyses from phase III evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition (EGFRi) suggest improved outcomes in patients with EGFR-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA), but large-scale analyses are lacking. This multi-institutional analysis sought to determine the role of EGFRi in the largest cohort of patients with EGFR-amplified GEA to date. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 60 patients from 15 tertiary cancer centers in six countries met the inclusion criteria. These criteria required histologically confirmed GEA in the metastatic or unresectable setting with EGFR amplification identified by using a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–approved assay, and who received on- or off-protocol EGFRi. Testing could be by tissue next-generation sequencing, plasma circulating tumor DNA next-generation sequencing, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization performed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments approved laboratory. Treatment patterns and outcomes analysis was also performed using a deidentified clinicogenomic database (CGDB). RESULTS Sixty patients with EGFR-amplified GEA received EGFRi, including 31 of 60 patients (52%) with concurrent chemotherapy. Across treatment lines, patients achieved a 43% objective response rate with a median progression-free survival of 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.5 to 6.4). Patients receiving EGFRi in first-, second-, and third-line therapy achieved a median overall survival of 20.6 months (95% CI, 13.5 to not reached [NR]), 9 months (95% CI, 7.9 to NR), and 8.4 months (7.6 to NR), respectively. This survival far exceeded the 11.2-month (95% CI, 8.7 to 14.2) median overall survival from first-line initiation of non-EGFRi therapy in patients with EGFR-amplified GEA in the CGDB. Despite this benefit, analysis of the CGDB (January 2011-December 2020) suggests that only 5% of patients with EGFR-amplified GEA received EGFRi. CONCLUSION Patients with EGFR-amplified GEA derive significant benefit from EGFRi. Further prospective investigation of EGFRi in a well-selected patient population is ongoing in an upcoming trial of amivantamab in EGFR and/or MET amplified GEA.
Association Between Race and Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression: An International Post Hoc Analysis of the Prediction of Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression In Patients Monitored by Capnography Trial
Authors: Sim Ming Ann , Seet Edwin , Khanna Ashish K. , Weingarten Toby N. , Liew Lydia , Law Lawrence Siu-Chun , Liu Katherine E. , Di Piazza Fabio , Ti Lian Kah ,   on behalf of the PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) Group Investigators
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is common on the medical and surgical wards and is associated with increased morbidity and health care costs. While previous studies have investigated risk factors for OIRD, the role of race remains unclear. We aim to investigate the association between race and OIRD occurrence on the medical/surgical ward.

METHODS:
This is a post hoc analysis of the PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) trial; a prospective multinational observational blinded study of 1335 general ward patients who received parenteral opioids and underwent blinded capnography and oximetry monitoring to identify OIRD episodes. For this study, demographic and perioperative data, including race and comorbidities, were analyzed and assessed for potential associations with OIRD. Univariable χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Stepwise selection of all baseline and demographic characteristics was used in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 1253 patients had sufficient racial data (317 Asian, 158 Black, 736 White, and 42 other races) for inclusion. The incidence of OIRD was 60% in Asians (N = 190/317), 25% in Blacks (N = 40/158), 43% in Whites (N = 316/736), and 45% (N = 19/42) in other races. Baseline characteristics varied significantly: Asians were older, more opioid naïve, and had higher opioid requirements, while Blacks had higher incidences of heart failure, obesity, and smoking. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression revealed that Asians had increased risk of OIRD compared to Blacks (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–4.04; P = .0002) and Whites (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01–1.87; P = .0432). Whites had a higher risk of OIRD compared to Blacks (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.18–2.78; P = .0067). The model’s area under the curve was 0.760 (95% CI, 0.733–0.787), with a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P value of .23.

CONCLUSIONS:
This post hoc analysis of PRODIGY found a novel association between Asian race and increased OIRD incidence. Further study is required to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and develop targeted care pathways to reduce OIRD in susceptible populations.