bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of telehealth intervention for people with dementia and their carers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Porta Carolyn M. , Lee Bih‐O 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeInterventions delivered using telehealth modalities are becoming standard practice with patient populations around the world, partly because of innovation necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic and partly due to improved infrastructure and comfort of providers, patients, and families, through technology. Though increasingly utilized, the effectiveness of telehealth interventions with families with dementia remains unclear. This gives rise to the need for investigation to develop telehealth interventions that are evidence based and not merely convenient tools. This current study is designed to systematically examine the impact and effectiveness of telehealth‐delivered psychoeducational and behavioral interventions among persons with dementia and their caregivers.DesignThe design combines systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA total of eight databases were electronically accessed and searched as of November 16, 2021. Experimental studies identifying the results of telehealth interventions for persons with dementia and associated caregivers published in English have been reviewed in this study. Standardized mean differences (SMD) offering 95% confidence intervals (CI) were developed to pool the effect size using a random effects model (in this case, Stata 16.0). The Revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB‐2) was used to analyze the study's methodological soundness.FindingsNineteen cases met the eligibility criteria (including 1379 persons with dementia and 1339 caregivers). Overall, telehealth interventions demonstrated effects in the expected directions on depression (SMD −0.63; 95% degree of confidence intervals (CI) −0.88 to −0.38, p < 0.001); and caregivers' perceived competency (SMD 0.27; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.50, p = 0.02). There were, however, no statistically significant effects observed on cognitive function or multiple aspects of quality of life for subjects.ConclusionsTelehealth interventions appear to effect a reduction in depression among persons diagnosed with dementia while improving the perceived competency of caregivers.Clinical RelevanceThe study's results could be used as evidence of the effectiveness of using telehealth for persons with dementia and their caregivers, including contextualizing where they are used (i.e., long‐term care facilities, private homes, etc.), understanding the mechanisms in play (including intervention delivery and systems), and isolating and identifying mediating influences.
Systemic isotretinoin has an impact on hemoglobin, ferritin, urea, ceruloplasmin, albumin, uric acid levels, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in acne patients
Authors: Hareedy Mohammad Salem , Tawfik Khaled Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients suffering from moderate‐to‐severe acne are commonly treated with systemin isotretinoin; however, a great controverse about its safety had been raised. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of isotretinoin on hepatic, renal, and hematologic functions and to evaluate the potential oxidative stress in relation to isotretinoin therapy.MethodsFifty‐three female patients, treated from moderate–severe acne with isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day), were included. Blood samples were taken for measuring low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, ferritin, uric acid, creatinine, C‐reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, and red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelet counts before starting isotretinoin treatment and 6 months later.ResultsIsotretinoin was associated with increased levels of triglycerides, LDL, ESR, CRP, uric acid, and ferritin after 6 months of therapy (p < 0.0001), blood urea levels were significantly elevated from 3.681 ± 0.91 to 3.838 ± 0.877 (p = 0.014), ALT, AST, hemoglobin, globulin, and total proteins were significantly elevated after 6 months. Platelets, WBCs, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, copper, ceruloplasmin, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly decreased after 6 months.ConclusionIsotretinoin therapy could be associated with oxidative stress and hepatic, lipid, and blood abnormalities in patients with acne. Serum ferritin was elevated while serum ceruloplasmin was decreased. Isotretinoin could also affect immune regulation (decreasing neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), isotretinoin was associated with a possible positive nitrogen balance (increasing proteins) and with elevations of blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels.
Electromagnetic interference induced ventricular tachycardia in left ventricular assist device
Authors: Chatta Payush , Grewal Dennis , Ali Saif , Garg Jalaj , Mandapati Ravi , Contractor Tahmeed , Bhardwaj Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been increasingly utilized end‐stage heart failure despite guidelinedirected medical therapy (due to limited organ availability) as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy, with improved overall survival.Majority of patients undergoing LVAD implantation have pre‐existing implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in‐situ.We present a case of device‐device interaction resulting in EMI inducing recurrent inappropriate device therapies inducing ventricular arrhythmia followed by the inappropriate triggering of noise reversion mode, thereby inhibiting device therapies.With the increase in number of end‐stage heart failure patients with ICDs in situ (and limited organ availability) undergoing LVAD implantation, it is imperative to recognize potential device‐device interactions to avoid unwarranted invasive interventions.
Ovarian follicular dynamics, hormonal profiles and ovulation time in Mithun cows (Bos frontalis)
Authors: Ramesh Vikram , Devi Laishram S. , Joshi Vivek , Mech Moonmoon , Khate Kobu , Khan Meraj H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate follicular dynamics and concentrations of estradiol‐17β (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during the oestrous cycle and to determine ovulation time in Mithun cows. Ovaries of experimental cows (n = 7) were examined daily by transrectal‐ultrasonography for three consecutive oestrous cycles (n = 21). The characteristics of follicular waves, dominant follicle, largest subordinate follicle and corpus luteum and ovulation time were evaluated. The plasma samples were analysed throughout the interovulatory interval to determine the differences in the hormonal profiles (E2, P4, FSH and LH) between different follicular wave cycles. Out of eighteen oestrous cycles analysed, three‐wave follicular cycles were maximum (n = 12: 66.66%) followed by two (n = 4: 22.22%) and four waves (n = 2: 11.11%). The two and three waves were statistically compared, and no significant (p > .05) differences were observed in day of wave emergence, number of follicles (≥3 mm) recruited, maximum diameter of the ovulatory dominant follicle, growth rates of ovulatory and anovulatory dominant follicles and maximum diameter of corpus luteum. The diameter of dominant follicles was significantly (p < .05) greater than subordinate follicles in both ovulatory and anovulatory waves. No significant differences were observed in peak concentrations of estradiol‐17β and follicle stimulating hormone between ovulatory and anovulatory waves in all wave cycles. A preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge was observed a day before ovulation in all wave cycles. Progesterone concentrations were lower than 0.5 ng/ml during oestrus and increased sharply to the maximum levels of ≥3.8 ng/ml in all wave cycles. Ovulation time (mean ± SEM), irrespective of follicular waves was 10.5 ± 0.64 h after the end of oestrus. It was concluded that Mithun cows have a preponderance of three follicular waves with little difference between the two‐ and three‐follicular waves and ovulation occurred 10.5 h after the end of oestrus.
Vacuum-Assisted Multistage Membrane Distillation With Bubble Column Dehumidifier for Efficient Water Production
Authors: Khalifa Atia E. , Alawad Suhaib M. , Hussein Adel , Antar Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An experimental investigation of a novel integrated system of a multistage sweeping gas (air) membrane distillation module and a bubble column dehumidifier (BCD) is presented for an energy-efficient high production water desalination system. The sweeping air stream is created using a vacuum pump installed between the membrane distillation unit and the BCD to apply a degree of vacuum behind the membrane in the air channel of the membrane cell to reduce the vapor mass transfer resistance through the membrane pores. Performance metrics of the system include the measurement of permeate flux and the calculations of energy consumption at various operating conditions in a comprehensive manner. The system performance is mainly controlled by feed temperature and flowrate and the sweeping air flowrate. The dehumidifier water level and its temperature have moderate impacts in the tested ranges. A permeate flux of 18 kg/m2 . h was measured with a relatively high gained output ratio of 0.62, low specific energy consumption of 1120 kWh/m3 when the feed temperature is 80 °C, and the dehumidifier column height of 4.5 cm. The study results revealed an enhanced system’s performance compared to other sweeping gas membrane distillation systems in the literature, which is very promising.
Theoretical–Experimental Evaluation of Partially Shaded Solar Photovoltaic Arrays Through Methodological Framework: A Case Study Involving Two Identical 1.5 kWp Photovoltaic Generators
Authors: Rodrigues Marinaldo de Jesus dos Santos , Torres Pedro Ferreira , Galhardo Marcos André Barros , Chase Otavio Andre , Amorim Alan Souza , Leão Weslley Monteiro , Macêdo Wilson Negrão 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper applies different methodologies through measurement and simulation for the partial shading analysis of solar photovoltaic (SPV) arrays. A two-diode photovoltaic solar cell model evaluates SPV arrays under shading conditions. Experimental data from two identical 1.5 kWp PV generators were used as a study case. One is subjected to shading caused by the branches of a tree, resulting in its electricity production being affected for several days, and the other is shadow-free. The authors use a methodology based on short circuit of the solar cells to determine the different irradiance levels. It was considered because it avoids using several irradiance sensors to map the shaded and unshaded regions in a shadow SPV array. The two-diode photovoltaic solar cell model used was developed in matlab/simulink. The applied model and the map irradiance methodology can be used to represent current–voltage (IV) curves in complex shading. For example, what could help identify if a given SPV array is working on a global maximum power point or a local maximum power point. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated that the model and methodology are useful in understanding what happens with SPV arrays in very complex shadow situations.
Power Over CTC, A Novel Way to Control Signal Power Supplies
Authors: Thurston David F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electrical energy that powers the signal systems for railways is typically provided by commercial services adjacent or near the enclosures housing the signal equipment. In remote or areas of challenging terrain, railways have installed their own signal power lines to maintain a high level of reliability while lowering the cost of energy supply. These power lines are typically fed from a commercial power source and fed to the railway at a lower voltage (&lt; 1KV). These lines are controlled from local manipulation of fuse cutouts and do not provide for any redundancy. When there is trouble on the signal power line, the response requires railway staff to go to each site on the line to investigate the trouble and provide corrective or temporary measures to restore service.
This paper proposes to utilize existing infrastructure to control and indicate the signal power lines that includes sectionalization, remote stop/start of standby generators, and other function. Most signal power lines are concentrated at Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) points. These locations have connectivity to the central dispatching office via “Code Line” that can be expanded to incorporate a separate controls and indications for the signal power systems. Just as Dispatchers have software to help manage traffic on the railway; the new separate controls for the power system can be created to mimic safety protocols for system operation.
Experimental Flexural Testing of Virgin and Post-Service Concrete Monoblock Tie for Computational Tool Development
Authors: Chen Yu-Szu , Peterman Robert J. , Jones Christopher A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An experimental testing of prestressed concrete monoblock ties was conducted at Kansas State University to collect load-deflection data. The experimental results were used to validate the developed tie analysis and design computational tool. Present prestressed concrete monoblock tie design specification, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance -of-Way Association (AREMA), recommends flexural test method for critical locations (rail-seat and rail-center). As commonly known that rail-seat positive and rail-center negative are the governing cases in flexural design of monoblock ties. Considering the cross-section is generally reduced at center region of tie, the capacity that could be sustained is relatively smaller compared to rail-seat. Additionally, the center bound boundary condition induces large negative bending moment at center region of the tie. Thus, rail-center negative bending test was selected.
A four-point bending testing setup followed AREAMA 2020 Chapter 30 Part 4 Section 4.9.1.6 [2]. In total 10 tests were conducted, ties selected for the test include three ties that were retired from service and seven virgin ties. The vertical deformation was measured, collecting by Keithley series 2750 data acquisition system. A 5-power magnifying glass was recommended to observed crack. Load control loads were applied until first crack, and the displacement control loads were applied.
The load-deflection results at rail-center were used to compare with the estimation computed by developed computational tool. A total of 9 comparisons were made. There were seven virgin ties (CXT type) and two post-service ties (Type-F). To eliminate uncertainties resulting in discrepancy, it is desired that the program inputs follows as closely as possible to the validation benchmarks. Cross-section properties of CXT type tie used in the analysis program, and it was measured by previous researcher at K-state. Type-F tie cross-section were measured at each shape change point. The concrete compressive strength was determined by conducting experiments following ASTM C42/C42M 2020 standards. Additionally, the Young’s modulus of elasticity was defined through best fitting to the elastic region of experimental load-deflection results at rail-center. Then, the load-deflection curves were computed and compared with experimental outcomes.
Conductive Polymer Pad for Use in Freight Railcar Bearing Adapters
Authors: Aguilera Jesse , Tarawneh Constantine , Siegel Harry , Jones Robert , Gutierrez Santana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many freight railcars rest on polymer adapter pads made of injection-molded Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) polymers which feature two copper studs to provide electrical conductivity through the pad. This design feature allows signal transmission from the track to the onboard systems, including cargo gates and pneumatic actuators. While in service, the polymer pads experience impact and cyclic loading that produce shear, resulting in the abrasive wear and plastic compression of the copper studs which leads to signal interruptions and loss of function requiring the periodic replacement of these polymer pads. This causes increased downtime due to maintenance and reduced reliability in the automated systems since pad failure is unpredictable. This limitation in current designs is the driving concern behind the effort to create an electrically conductive polymer adapter pad that would provide a durable conductive path between the rail and freight car side-frame.
To that end, the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) has been working on developing a conductive composite blend of TPU and Carbon Nano Fibers (CNF) to create injection-molded polymer composite inserts that can provide the necessary conductivity without the need for the copper studs that are susceptible to wear. Previous work done on this project was successful in creating a TPU-CNF composite insert that provided the required electrical conductivity at full railcar loads but was inconsistent at empty railcar loads. Thus, current work presented here focused on studying the fiber orientation that would produce consistent conductivity at all railcar loads. Based on these findings, a new mold was fabricated to create injection-molded polymer composite inserts with the effective fiber orientation. Laboratory test results show that the newly created composite inserts provide approximately double the needed conductivity required for a 24-Volt railcar valve to actuate when tested under the minimum load conditions an adapter would experience in field service. This paper summarizes the work done on fiber alignment and the results of the testing performed on the UTCRS dynamic bearing test rigs.
Development of Track Geometry Degradation Model & Review of Recovery Models
Authors: Wordofa Daniel Hailemichael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Former works on railway track geometry degradation are reviewed and their advantage and dis-advantages discussed. Railway track degradation can be geometry or structural degradation. This paper focuses on track geometry degradation and tries to propose additional railway track geometry degradation models based on real data on existing operational line.
The case study is a conventional railway line in Ethiopia “Ethio-Djibouti standard gauge railway line”. Track geometry data collected by track geometry measuring vehicle for 156 weeks and for a length of 323 kilometers is taken for analysis. 114km is a double track line and the rest is a single line track. Models are developed for both single and double track lines.
Degradation models developed are statistical probabilistic models which can be used for prediction purpose with the accuracy in need. The probabilistic nature allows having marginal values for confidence interval in need. Effects of some factors on track geometry degradation are also analyzed. Most of the results show similar results to former studies but the effect of speed on track geometry degradation is different.
Development and Verification of a Moment-Curvature Based Railroad Tie Analysis Program
Authors: Chen Yu-Szu , Jones Christopher A. , Peterman Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted to estimate the flexural capacity of monoblock tie under practical load and various ballast support conditions through a numerical approach. The current recommended design approach is maximum allowable stresses by American Railway Engineering and Maintenance -of-Way Association (AREMA) [1]. The recommended design standard includes general design aspects (material, dimensions and loads) and structural strength and testing method for prestressed concrete monoblock tie. Considering the complexity of the tie behavior especially post-cracking and varying ballast support conditions, it is desired to capture tie performance under cyclic train traffic load. Furthermore, the effects of changes in tie geometry should be incorporated into tie design and analysis. Thus, a numerical approach based on Moment-Curvature (M-C) principle is employed for design and analysis of the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete monoblock ties.
The computational tool is computing M-C curve for each slice of tie where the tie can be divided into minimum half inch slice. At this stage, the crack propagation can be observed on concrete strain diagram. Then repeating the same process of computing M-C curve along the tie, and the rotation can be determined at a particular moment. Finally, deflection of tie is calculated by using moment-area method, additionally changes in rail-seat center-to-center spacing can be defined.
A verification and validation approach are employed to establish accuracy and reliability of the developed numerical program. In this paper, the program verification will be discussed. The developed code was compared with corresponding analytical solution or numerical solution at each intermediate step. There are three benchmarks used to verify the code, including hand solution, commercial finite element result, and existing tie analysis example. A small discrepancy was noted in the third case, however, the comparisons had good agreement overall.
Development of a Mobile Robot System for the Visual Inspection of Railcar Undercarriage Equipment
Authors: Molzon Michael , Ahmadian Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study explores the design and feasibility of using a mobile robotic platform, equipped with digital cameras, thermal imaging, and similar systems for visual inspection of rolling-stock undercarriage while stationary. Condition monitoring and modern inspection methods are important parts for ensuring safe, reliable, and efficient operation of railroad equipment. Although the current wayside imaging inspection systems have proven to be effective, they are stationary and costly. The system cost, complexity, and inability to transport them to where the needs may exist have limited their widespread adaptation by the railroads. Manual train-side inspections are limited to what the train inspector can see from the side. They do not allow inspecting the undercarriage components without extending inspection time and potentially exposing personnel to safety hazards. This study presents a functional system capable of traversing over and in between the rails, as the means for cost-effective train undercarriage inspection in places such as railyards or sidings. The ability to scan railcars safely will enable detecting and documenting their condition for improved maintenance diagnostics and preventing maintenance. The results of preliminary tests with off-the-shelf cameras capable of 120 FPS recording are also included. The tests indicate that the close proximity between the cameras and the undercarriage components pose a challenge in ensuring that clear and visible images can be captured, especially when moving at higher speeds (say, more than 5 mph) and in low lighting. Traveling on ballasts and ties also poses challenges in terms of the vibrations caused by the rough terrain. The image stabilization feature that is present in most modern cameras is particularly helpful with reducing some of the blurring effects from the vibrations.