bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games on COVID-19 incidence in Japan: a synthetic control approach
Authors: Yoneoka Daisuke , Eguchi Akifumi , Fukumoto Kentato , Kawashima Takayuki , Tanoue Yuta , Tabuchi Takahiro , Miyata Hiroaki , Ghaznavi Cyrus , Shibuya Kenji , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games (23 July–8 August 2021) were held in the middle of Japan’s fifth wave of COVID-19, when the number of cases was on the rise, and coincided with the fourth state of emergency implemented by the host city, Tokyo.AimThis study aimed to assess whether the hosting of the Games was associated with a change in the number of COVID-19 cases in Japan using a synthetic control method.MethodsA weighted average of control countries with a variety of predictors was used to estimate the counterfactual trajectory of daily COVID-19 cases per 1 000 000 population in the absence of the Games in Japan. Outcome and predictor data were extracted using official and open sources spanning several countries. The predictors comprise the most recent country-level annual or daily data accessible during the Games, including the stringency of the government’s COVID-19 response, testing capacity and vaccination capacity; human mobility index; electoral democracy index and demographic, socioeconomic, health and weather information. After excluding countries with missing data, 42 countries were ultimately used as control countries.ResultsThe number of observed cases per 1 000 000 population on the last day of the Games was 109.2 (7-day average), which was 115.7% higher than the counterfactual trajectory comprising 51.0 confirmed cases per 1 000 000 population. During the Olympic period (since 23 July), the observed cumulative number of cases was 61.0% higher than the counterfactual trajectory, comprising 143 072 and 89 210 confirmed cases (p=0.023), respectively. The counterfactual trajectory lagged 10 days behind the observed trends.ConclusionsGiven the increasing likelihood that new emerging infectious diseases will be reported in the future, we believe that the results of this study should serve as a sentinel warning for upcoming mega-events during COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Association of sleep duration and noise exposure with hearing loss among Chinese and American adults: two cross-sectional studies
Authors: Wu E , Ni Juntao , Zhu Zhaohui , Xu Hongquan , Ci Jun , Tao Lin , Xie Tian 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of sleep duration (SPD) and noise exposure with hearing loss (HL) among Chinese and American adults.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2012), and Zhejiang Chinese participants between 1 January 2018 and 1 November 2021.Participants3322 adults from the USA and 4452 adults from Zhejiang, China.Main outcome measuresHL was defined as a pure-tone average >20 dB in the better ear at low frequency (500, 1000 and 2000 Hz), speech frequency (500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz) or high frequency (3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz). Binary logistic regression analysis quantified the associations between SPD, noise exposure (at work or off-work) and HL.ResultsSPD ≥8 hours/night had an OR of 0.71 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.84) for high-frequency HL vs. an SPD of 6–8 hours/night among the Chinese participants but had an OR of 1.28 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.58) among American participants. Noise exposure (both at work and off-work) was associated with poorer low-frequency (OR 1.58, 1.43; p<0.05), speech-frequency (OR 1.63, 1.29; p<0.05) and high-frequency (OR 1.37, 1.23; p<0.05) hearing among the Chinese participants; and it was associated with worse high-frequency hearing (OR 1.43, 1.66; p<0.05) among the American participants. The negative relationship between SPD ≥8 hours/night and HL was mainly observed in the Chinese participants with noise exposure (OR <1, p<0.05), and SPD ≥8 hours/night associated with poorer HF hearing was only identified in the American participants without noise exposure (OR >1, p<0.05).ConclusionsNoise exposure was associated with poorer hearing. SPD ≥8 hours/night was negatively associated with HL in the Chinese participants especially when exposed to noise. SPD ≥8 hours/night was related to poorer high-frequency hearing in the American participants when they had no noise exposure.
The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST): protocol for a feasibility study of adding non-contrast abdominal CT scanning to screen for kidney cancer and other abdominal pathology within a trial of community-based CT screening for lung cancer
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A , Godoy Angela , Burge Sarah W , Burbidge Simon , Cartledge Jon , Crosbie Philip A J , Eckert Claire , Farquhar Fiona , Hammond David , Hancock Neil , Iball Gareth R , Kimuli Michael , Masson Golnessa , Neal Richard D , Rogerson Suzanne , Rossi Sabrina H , Sala Evis , Smith Andrew , Sharp Stephen J , Simmonds Irene , Wallace Tom , Ward Matthew , Callister Matthew E J , Stewart Grant D 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionKidney cancer (renal cell cancer (RCC)) is the seventh most common cancer in the UK. As RCC is largely curable if detected at an early stage and most patients have no symptoms, there is international interest in evaluating a screening programme for RCC. The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST) will assess the feasibility of adding non-contrast abdominal CT scanning to screen for RCC and other abdominal pathology within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST), a randomised trial of community-based CT screening for lung cancer.Methods and analysisIn YLST, ever-smokers aged 55–80 years registered with a general practice in Leeds have been randomised to a Lung Health Check assessment, including a thoracic low-dose CT (LDCT) for those at high risk of lung cancer, or routine care. YLST participants randomised to the Lung Health Check arm who attend for the second round of screening at 2 years without a history of RCC or abdominal CT scan within the previous 6 months will be invited to take part in YKST. We anticipate inviting 4700 participants. Those who consent will have an abdominal CT immediately following their YLST thoracic LDCT. A subset of participants and the healthcare workers involved will be invited to take part in a qualitative interview. Primary objectives are to quantify the uptake of the abdominal CT, assess the acceptability of the combined screening approach and pilot the majority of procedures for a subsequent randomised controlled trial of RCC screening within lung cancer screening.Ethics and disseminationYKST was approved by the North West-Preston Research Ethics Committee (21/NW/0021), and the Health Research Authority on 3 February 2021. Trial results will be disseminated at clinical meetings, in peer-reviewed journals and to policy-makers. Findings will be made available to participants via the study website (www.YKST.org).Trial registration numbersNCT05005195 and ISRCTN18055040.
Community engagement to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a living systematic review protocol
Authors: Gilmore Brynne , Gerlach Nina , Abreu Lopes Claudia , Diallo Alpha A , Bhattacharyya Sanghita , de Claro Vergil , Ndejjo Rawlance , Nyamupachitu Mago Elizabeth , Tchetchia Adalbert 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWidespread vaccination against COVID-19 is one of the most effective ways to control, and ideally, end the global COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy and vaccine rates vary widely across countries and populations and are influenced by complex sociocultural, political, economic and psychological factors. Community engagement is an integral strategy within immunisation campaigns and has been shown to improve vaccine acceptance. As evidence on community engagement to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake is emerging and constantly changing, research that lessens the knowledge-to-practice gap by providing regular and up-to-date evidence on current best-practice is essential.Methods and analysisA living systematic review will be conducted which includes an initial systematic review and bimonthly review updates. Searching and screening for the review and subsequent updates will be done in four streams: a systematic search of six databases, grey literature review, preprint review and citizen sourcing. The screening will be done by a minimum of two reviewers at title/abstract and full-text in Covidence, a systematic review management software. Data will be extracted across predefined fields in an excel spreadsheet that includes information about article characteristics, context and population, community engagement approaches, and outcomes. Synthesis will occur using the convergent integrated approach. We will explore the potential to quantitatively synthesise primary outcomes depending on heterogeneity of the studies.Ethics and disseminationThe initial review and subsequent bimonthly searches and their results will be disseminated transparently via open-access methods. Quarterly briefs will be shared on the reviews’ social media platforms and across other interested networks and repositories. A dedicated web link will be created on the Community Health-Community of Practice site for sharing findings and obtaining feedback. A mailing list will be developed and interested parties can subscribe for updates.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022301996.
Disparities and implicit bias in the management of low-risk febrile infants: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Gutman Colleen K , Lion K Casey , Aronson Paul , Fisher Carla , Bylund Carma , McFarlane Antionette , Lou Xiangyang , Patterson Mary D , Lababidi Ahmed , Fernandez Rosemarie 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe management of low-risk febrile infants presents a model population for exploring how implicit racial bias promotes inequitable emergency care for children who belong to racial, ethnic and language minority groups. Although widely used clinical standards guide the clinical care of febrile infants, there remains substantial variability in management strategies. Deviations from recommended care may be informed by the physician’s assessment of the family’s values, risk tolerance and access to supportive resources. However, in the fast-paced emergency setting, such assessments may be influenced by implicit racial bias. Despite significant research to inform the clinical care of febrile infants, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding health disparities and clinical guideline implementation. The proposed mixed methods approach will (1) quantify the extent of disparities by race, ethnicity and language proficiency and (2) explore the role of implicit bias in physician–patient communication when caring for this population.Methods and analysisWith 42 participating sites from the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee, we will conduct a multicenter, cross-sectional study of low-risk febrile infants treated in the emergency department (ED) and apply multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between (1) race and ethnicity and (2) limited English proficiency with the primary outcome, discharge to home without lumbar puncture or antibiotics. We will concurrently perform an interpretive study using purposive sampling to conduct individual semistructured interviews with (1) minority parents of febrile infants and (2) paediatric ED physicians. We will triangulate or compare perspectives to better elucidate disparities and bias in communication and medical decision-making.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of Florida Institutional Review Board. All participating sites in the multicenter analysis will obtain local institutional review board approval. The results of this study will be presented at academic conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.
Emergency department transfers from residential aged care: what can we learn from secondary qualitative analysis of Australian Royal Commission data?
Authors: Cain Patricia , Alan Janine , Porock Davina 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo use publicly available submissions and evidence from the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety as data for secondary qualitative analysis. By investigating the topic of emergency department transfer from the perspective of residents, family members and healthcare professionals, we aimed to identify modifiable factors to reduce transfer rates and improve quality of care.DesignThe Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety has made over 7000 documents publicly available. We used the documents as a large data corpus from which we extracted a data set specific to our topic using keywords. The analysis focused on submissions and hearing transcripts (including exhibits). Qualitative thematic analysis was used to interrogate the text to determine what could be learnt about transfer events from a scholarly perspective.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified: shortfalls and failings, reluctance and misunderstanding, and discovery and exposure.ConclusionsThe results speak to workforce inadequacies that have been central to problems in the Australian aged care sector to date. We identified issues around clinical and pain assessment, lack of consideration to advance care directives and poor communication among all parties. We also highlighted the role that emergency departments play in identifying unmet clinical needs, substandard care and neglect. Given the inadequate clinical care available in some residential aged care facilities, transferring residents to a hospital emergency department may be making the best of a bad situation. If the objective of reducing unnecessary transfers to emergency departments is to be achieved, then access to appropriate clinical care is the first step.
Midwives’ and maternity support workers’ perceptions of the impact of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on respectful maternity care in a diverse region of the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Isobel H M , Thompson Amy , Dunlop Catherine Louise , Wilson Amie 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo explore midwives’ and maternity support workers’ perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services and understand factors influencing respectful maternity care.DesignA qualitative study. Eleven semistructured interviews were conducted (on Zoom) and thematically analysed. Inductive themes were developed and compared with components of respectful maternity care.SettingMaternity services in a diverse region of the United Kingdom.ParticipantsMidwives and maternity support workers who worked during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe findings offer insights into the experiences and challenges faced by midwives and maternity support workers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK (March 2020–2021). Three core themes were interpreted that impacted respectful maternity care: (1) communication of care, (2) clinical care and (3) support for families. 1. Midwives and maternity support workers felt changing guidance impaired communication of accurate information. However, women attending appointments alone encouraged safeguarding disclosures. 2. Maternity staffing pressures worsened and delayed care provision. The health service’s COVID-19 response was thought to have discouraged women’s engagement with maternity care. 3. Social support for women was reduced and overstretched staff struggled to fill this role. The continuity of carer model of midwifery facilitated supportive care. COVID-19 restrictions separated families and were considered detrimental to parents’ mental health and newborn bonding. Overall, comparison of interview quotes to components of respectful maternity care showed challenges during the early COVID-19 pandemic in upholding each of the 10 rights afforded to women and newborns.ConclusionsRespectful maternity care was impacted through changes in communication, delivery of clinical care and restrictions on social support for women and their infants in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future guidance for pandemic scenarios must make careful consideration of women’s and newborns’ rights to respectful maternity care.
Increased protein intake derived from leucine-enriched protein enhances the integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic response to short-term resistance training in untrained men and women: a 4-day randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Changhyun , Traylor Daniel A. , McGlory Chris , Joanisse Sophie , McKendry James , Grewal Tavneet , Mcleod Jonathan C. , Prior Todd , Nunes Everson A. , Lees Matthew , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: September 2022

Leucine is a critical amino acid stimulating myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS). The consumption of higher leucine-containing drinks stimulates MyoPS, but we know less about higher leucine solid foods. Here, we examined the effect of short-term resistance exercise training (STRT) combined with supplementation of a protein and leucine-enriched bar, compared with STRT alone, on integrated (%/day) rates of MyoPS and anabolic protein signaling. In a nonblinded, randomized crossover trial, eight young adults performed four sessions of STRT without or while consuming the study bar (STRT+Leu, 16 g of protein containing ∼3 g of leucine) for two 4-day phases, separated by 2 days nonexercise (Rest) washout. In combination with serial muscle biopsies, deuterated water permitted the measurement of MyoPS and protein signaling phosphorylation. MyoPS during STRT (1.43 ± 0.06%/day) and STRT+Leu (1.53 ± 0.06%/day) were greater than Rest (1.31 ± 0.05%/day), and MyoPS during STRT+Leu (1.53 ± 0.06%/day) was greater than STRT alone (1.43 ± 0.06%/day). STRT+Leu increased the ratio of phosphorylated to total mechanistic target of rapamycin and 4EBP1 compared to Rest. Engaging in STRT increased integrated MyoPS and protein signaling in young adults and was enhanced with increased protein intake derived from a leucine-enriched protein bar. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03796897.
PADRE ANTÔNIO VIEIRA E AS INFLUÊNCIAS DO MESSIANISMO JUDAICO NO SEBASTIANISMO PORTUGUES DO SÉC. XVII
Authors: Andrade Lucas Silveira 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo busca analisar a presença do messianismo judaico no discurso sebastianista do Padre jesuíta Antônio Viera (1608-1697) em seu contexto político e religioso. Para isso, partirei do exame do contato entre Vieira e os judeus expulsos da Espanha e de Portugal no final do século XV, na região de Flandres, nos Países Baixos. Tratarei também da relação de proximidade entre Vieira e o rabino Menasseh Ben Israel (1604-1657), em uma de suas viagens diplomáticas em favor da enfraquecida coroa portuguesa. O discurso do jesuíta se constrói em rigoroso processo que envolve os aspectos políticos de Portugal, assim como uma religiosidade na qual estavam envolvidos estes mesmos aspectos. Havendo passado longo tempo junto aos judeus, o jesuíta não deixou de levantar outras questões como o retorno destes às terras portuguesas, o que Viera via como uma oportunidade para auxiliar economicamente o Reino, como também visava à reunião das tribos perdidas de Israel em território português. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Padre Antônio Viera, messianismo, sebastianismo, Portugal, Judaísmo.
A TEMPORALIDADE E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ESCRITA HEBRAICA E DOS TEXTOS BÍBLICOS NO MUNDO ANTIGO: APONTAMENTOS
Authors: Ripoli Fernando 
Published: September 2022

Este ensaio tem como objetivo apresentar a algumas informações de como o historiador entende a história e o tempo, a construção da escrita do hebraico no mundo antigo, e de quando os textos bíblicos começam a ser escritos pelos israelitas. Para isto, faremos uma pequena introdução do nascimento da escrita na história e do surgimento do hebraico na história israelita, para após, descrevermos em que período o hebraico bíblico nasce na história humana, obviamente que a construção do hebraico bíblico, está relacionada com a lista das línguas semíticas. Para tal tarefa precisaremos entender como nasce à escrita na história antiga, para após, entrarmos nos questionamentos do hebraico como escrita dos textos da bíblia hebraica, entre os israelitas.Palavras-chave: Escrita, Hebraico bíblico, textos e contextos históricos.[1] BLOCH, Marc. Apologia da História ou o ofício de historiador. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2001.
A Utopia Pós-Sionista de Amós Oz
Authors: Vaidergorn Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

Este ensaio aborda o romance A caixa preta de Amós Oz. Observa o confronto de dois personagens opostos; o ex-marido e o atual. O anterior é um bem nascido da elite engajada na modernidade. O novo é um excluído que vive à margem das certezas e ideias nacionais ou institucionais, um desengajado e quer ser reconhecido. Espelha a descentralização do sujeito em oposição ao institucionalizado. Ao mesmo tempo, sociólogos e historiadores de então, nos anos 1970, ironizavam a nova tendência da pós-modernidade como mais uma mera utopia. Em Israel o conflito espelhado em A caixa preta, atualmente reconhecido com o impacto dos primórdios da globalização sobre as ideologias nacionais, na época foi traduzido como “Utopia Pós-Sionista”.
Impact of Serial Coronary Stenoses on Various Coronary Physiologic Indices
Authors: Ahn Jung-Min , Nakayoshi Takaharu , Hashikata Takehiro , Kashiyama Kuninobu , Arashi Hiroyuki , Kweon Jihoon , van’t Veer Marcel , Lyons Jennifer , Fearon William F. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Determining the functional significance of each individual coronary lesion in patients with serial coronary stenoses is challenging. It has been proposed that nonhyperemic pressure ratios, such as the instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) and the ratio of resting distal to proximal coronary pressure (Pd/Pa) are more accurate than fractional flow reserve (FFR) because autoregulation should maintain stable resting coronary flow and avoid hemodynamic interdependence (cross-talk) that occurs during hyperemia. This study aimed to measure the degree of hemodynamic interdependence of iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR in a porcine model of serial coronary stenosis.

Methods:
In 6 anesthetized female swine, 381 serial coronary stenoses were created in the left anterior descending artery using 2 balloon catheters. The degree of hemodynamic interdependence was calculated by measuring the absolute changes in iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR across the fixed stenosis as the severity of the other stenosis varied.

Results:

The hemodynamic interdependence of iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR was 0.039±0.048, 0.021±0.026, and 0.034±0.034, respectively (all
P
<0.001). When the functional significance of serial stenoses was less severe (0.70–0.90 for each index), the hemodynamic interdependence was 0.009±0.020, 0.007±0.013, and 0.017±0.022 for iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR, respectively (all
P
<0.001). However, in more severe serial coronary stenoses (<0.60 for each index), hemodynamic interdependence was 0.060±0.050, 0.037±0.030, and 0.051±0.037 for iFR, resting Pd/Pa, and FFR, respectively (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
When assessing serial coronary stenoses, nonhyperemic pressure ratios are affected by hemodynamic interdependence. When the functional significance of serial coronary stenoses is severe, the effect is similar to that which is seen with FFR.
A Greek-Coptic Miaphysite Litany from Thebes (P.Mon.Epiph. 49)
Authors: de Bruyn Theodore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A bilingual Greek-Coptic manuscript (P.Mon.Epiph. 49+592) found at the monastic settlement of Epiphanius in Western Thebes contains a litany recounting the principal events in the saving work of Christ. The litany has been overlooked in scholarship on the manuscript and on comparable litanies from antiquity. It differs from other litanies in attributing all the statements to God rather than to Christ. The article argues that the litany was an expression of miaphysite affiliation and belief. The article contextualizes the litany in the robust miaphysite culture of Thebes in the early seventh century and in the Greek-Coptic bilingualism of the time, and it discusses possible uses of the litany in collective worship, monastic prayer, and other rituals.