bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal efficacy and risk assessment of different neuropeptide analog combinations against the peach‐potato aphid following topical exposure
Authors: Shi Yan , Li Hao , Nachman Ronald J , Liu Tong‐Xian , Smagghe Guy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsect neuropeptides control essential physiological metabolic activities. In our previous studies, Capability/CAP2b (PK/CAPA) analog 1895 applied alone or as a combination of CAPA analogs (1895 + 2315) was reported to decrease aphid fitness. While this was obtained with the combination of two peptide analogs of the same neuropeptide class, the effect of combining peptide analogs of different neuropeptide classes has not been explored so far.ResultsIn this study, we assessed the effect of combinations of the PK/CAPA analog 1895 with neuropeptide analogs of four different classes [adipokinetic hormone (AKH) analog: 2271; myosuppressin analog: 2434; kinin analog: 2460; tachykinin‐related peptide analog: 2463] on the fitness of aphids. We found that the combination of 1895 and AKH analog 2271 was the most effective one to control Myzus persicae. The triple combination 1895 + 2271 + 2315 provided a synergistic effect by further increasing aphid mortality and reducing reproduction relative to 1895 + 2315. Additionally, a biosafety assessment of the combination 1895 + 2271 + 2315 showed no significant lethal nor sub‐lethal effects on survival rates and food intake for the pollinator (Bombus terrestris) and the two representative natural enemies (Harmonia axyridis and Nasonia vitripennis).ConclusionThese results could facilitate establishment of the triple combination 1895 + 2271 + 2315, and/or inclusion of second generation analogs, as alternatives to broad spectrum and less friendly insecticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prioritising students in Assessment for Learning: A scoping review of research on students' classroom experience
Authors: Arnold Julie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssessment for Learning (AfL) is important in policy and practice in secondary schooling across the globe. It is associated with teacher expertise, student agency, a dialogic classroom climate, and a commitment to the needs of all learners. Research about AfL often includes measuring the efficacy of selected practices or foregrounding the role and experience of teachers. Less prominent is literature examining student experience, which is problematic, given AfL's generally agreed aim of orienting learners as evidence seekers, interpreters, and decision‐makers. This scoping review examined 75 empirical studies published since 2002 that provided evidence of the lived experiences of secondary school students when teachers facilitated AfL pedagogical practices. A conceptualisation of student experience as comprising six interrelated dimensions, ranging from recognition of classroom practices to integration with experiences beyond the classroom, is proposed in the thematic arrangement of results. Findings show student experience as responsive to changes in teacher practice when students are co‐practitioners of AfL and developers of disciplinary expertise. The pedagogic power of students as evaluators is affirmed in evidence that positive student evaluation of the worth or value of a practice is an important precondition for productive student experience. AfL further contributes to a generative experience of learning when it enhances dialogic interactions, with students and teachers as partners in moving learning forward. Inclusive AfL and discipline‐specific AfL practices are evident but under‐represented in the field. The video abstract for this article is available athttps://youtu.be/L8HI‐KIskLs.
A practical approach for monitoring reinforcement corrosion in steel fiber reinforced concrete elements exposed to chloride rich environments
Authors: Gomez Enzo , Leporace‐Guimil Bruno , Conforti Antonio , Plizzari Giovanni , Duffó Gustavo , Zerbino Raul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of fibers in Reinforced Concrete (RC) elements changes their cracking pattern, leading to narrower and more closely spaced cracks. In addition, the presence of fibers can improve the steel‐to‐concrete bond behavior reducing the steel‐to‐concrete interface damage after cracking. Cracks and steel‐to‐concrete interface damage work like paths, for aggressive agents, to reach the rebar in cracking elements, reducing the initiation period of the corrosion process, and favoring the corrosion at the intersection between cracks and reinforcement. In this context, this article discusses an experimental program on tension ties mechanically cracked and exposed to a chloride‐rich environment with the purpose to check and eventually adequate the typical electrochemical measurements, used in the case of RC elements, for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). Adjustments related to degradation morphology and interference of steel fibers are proposed and used on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) elements for monitoring the influence of cracks and fibers on corrosion propagation. Finally, these proposed modifications were checked and validated against the results obtained by monitoring SFRC beams in the cracked stage.
Romania’s Nature Conservation Reform: A Surprising Convergence with European Law in Response to Societal Concerns
Authors: Martin-Russu Luana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo grant more plausibility to the theoretical argument, Martin-Russu includes a second case study in her empirical analysis: an inquiry into Romania’s nature conservation reform and the framework regulating the protection of environmentally significant habitats and species. The evaluation of the legislative performance of the Romanian political elite in the field of nature conservation shows a questionable use of procedures, but this time coupled with a far higher level of responsibility and responsivity to societal concerns.The chapter reveals a reality at odds with the expectation that limited capacities lead to non-compliance; it shows how the lack of institutional capacities led, through the involvement of civil society actors, to a gradual improvement of EU-driven reforms. Martin-Russu provides a detailed account of how the expansion of protected areas in preparation for EU membership generated an increased need for their effective management, which translated into a legislative solution that allowed civil society organizations and the scientific community to assume responsibility for the administration of protected areas on an equal footing with the government. This, Martin-Russu argues, allowed citizens to pursue their interests through the actions and reactions of civil society, promoting the latter’s growth and gradually strengthening its voice.
Conclusion: Civism Against Cynicism
Authors: Martin-Russu Luana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMartin-Russu’s book explains Romania’s reform reversal in the field of public integrity and the fight against corruption by providing evidence of legislative behaviour at the highest levels of policy-making that shows how a highly fragmented domestic political elite pursues private gains by diluting the legislation in force. Her understanding of Europeanization, modelled as a reversible process highly dependent on the interests pursued by political elites, offers a quite pessimistic prospect for reform. However, Martin-Russu suggests a solution to reform instability, found in the empowerment of sectoral civil society to participate, in one manner or another, in the law-making process. Improving the capacities of civil society to participate more effectively in policy formulation and implementation, she argues, makes democratic consolidation more feasible and allows for genuine Europeanizing reform.Martin-Russu’s book provides a cautionary tale about the naivety of expecting domestic corrupt political elites to lead the fight against corruption, an account of the failure of the EU’s push for reforms to produce genuine and lasting change, and a demonstration of how important it is for the EU to find new ways to support civil society in its member states.
Cooperation Between Automatic and Interactive Software Verifiers
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Spiessl Martin , Umbricht Sven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe verification community develops two kinds of verification tools: automatic verifiers and interactive verifiers. There are many such verifiers available, and there is steady progress in research. However, cooperation between the two kinds of verifiers was not yet addressed in a modular way. Yet, it is imperative for the community to leverage all possibilities, because our society heavily depends on software systems that work correctly. This paper contributes tools and a modular design to address the open problem of insufficient support for cooperation between verification tools. We identify invariants as information that needs to be exchanged in cooperation, and we support translation between two ‘containers’ for invariants: program annotations and correctness witnesses. Using our new building blocks, invariants computed by automatic verifiers can be given to interactive verifiers as annotations in the program, and annotations from the user or interactive verifier can be given to automatic verifiers, in order to help the approaches mutually to solve the verification problem. The modular framework, and the design choice to work with readily-available components in off-the-shelf manner, opens up many opportunities to combine new tools from existing components. Our experiments on a large set of programs show that our constructions work, that is, we constructed tool combinations that can solve verification tasks that the verifiers could not solve before.
Daten und Methode: das Forschungsdesign
Authors: Diekmann Isabell 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Forschungsvorhaben baut auf einer vorangegangenen Studie auf, deren Daten im Sommer 2016 im Rahmen einer Lehrforschung an der Universität Bielefeld erhoben wurden. Sowohl der neu konzipierte Fragebogen als auch das experimentelle Design sind explizit auf die Forschungsfrage zugeschnitten und reagieren damit auf Probleme, die in der Vergangenheit aufgetreten sind und zu Herausforderungen in der Datenanalyse geführt haben. Zu diesen Herausforderungen zählt etwa die ungleiche Stärke der einzelnen Items, das heißt eine unterschiedlich drastische Formulierung der Items, die einen Vergleich der Zustimmung zu diesen Items schwierig macht.
Lepton flavour violation in hadron decays of the tau lepton within the littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Authors: Pacheco Iván , Roig Pablo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We first study the hadronic lepton flavor violating tau decays within the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (including one or two pseudoscalars, or a vector resonance). We consider the case where only T-odd particles and partner fermions contribute, and also its extension including Majorana neutrinos coming from an inverse seesaw. In both cases our mean values lie mostly only one order of magnitude below current upper limits, strengthening the case of searching for these decays in the quest for new physics.
Singular Pöschl-Teller II potentials and gravitating kinks
Authors: Zhong Yuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report a two-dimensional (2D) gravitating kink model, for which both the background field equations and the linear perturbation equation are exactly solvable. The background solution describes a sine-Gordon kink that interpolating between two asymptotic AdS2 spaces, and can be regarded as a 2D thick brane world solution. The linear perturbation equation can be recasted into a Schrödinger-like equation with singular Pöschl-Teller II potentials. There is no tachyonic state in the spectrum, so the solution is stable against the linear perturbations. Besides, there can be n = 0, 1, 2,⋯ bounded vibrational modes around the kink. The number of these vibrational modes varies with model parameters.
Detection of Dynamic Phenomena Associated with Underground Nuclear Explosion Using Multiple Seismic Surveys and Machine Learning
Authors: Mathew Shaji , MacBeth Colin , Stevanovic Jenny , Mangriotis Maria-Daphne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe application of an active seismic method for detecting the source location of an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) is an ongoing field of research. The objective of active seismic in On-Site Inspection (OSI) is to detect the static signatures such as the cavity created by the UNE. Along with characteristic static signatures, UNEs produce dynamic phenomena such as groundwater mounding, which gradually revert to pre-test conditions. These dynamic phenomena are observable for an extended period, even up to several decades. The magnitude of these phenomena is prominent near the source origin and results from the redistribution of residual energy, such as pressure, temperature, and saturation. These dynamic changes in sub-surface rock and fluid properties will affect the seismic property of the rock, resulting in changes of P-wave velocity. These changes can be detected by using an active seismic survey. This study highlights the potential of using time-lapse seismic to identify ground zero by monitoring post-explosion variation in the seismic signature. Time-lapse seismic, also known as 4D seismic, is a well-known technology, used in the oil and gas industry for several decades for petroleum production monitoring and management. It involves taking more than one 2D/3D survey at different calendar times over the same reservoir and studying the difference in seismic attributes. This study investigates the characteristic dynamic phenomena associated with the UNE and their impact on the emplacement rock’s seismic property. Groundwater mounding (GWM) is one of the phenomena with a high gradient of dissipation during the initial days immediately after the explosion. We look at the impact of GWM variation on seismic P-wave velocity and discuss the potential of using time-lapse seismic for its detection. The challenges of implementing time-lapse seismic, such as non-repeatability, seasonal variations and time constraints, are discussed. A frequent seismic monitoring survey method (time-lapse seismic) is proposed to monitor rock and fluid properties changes due to the post-UNE dynamic phenomena. Due to the time constraint for the OSI activity, conventional time-lapse seismic processing would not be suitable. Therefore, a machine learning-based 4D detection workflow is presented. The near-real-time 4D detection workflow using machine learning can be implemented during the OSI to identify the source location or ground zero.
Predicting the Timing of Catastrophic Failure During Triaxial Compression: Insights from Discrete Element Method Simulations
Authors: McBeck Jessica 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExamining the deformation of rocks during triaxial compression may provide insights into the precursory phase that leads to large earthquakes by revealing the components of the deformation field that evolve with predictable, systematic behavior preceding catastrophic failure. Here, we build three-dimensional discrete element method simulations of the triaxial compression of rock cores that include a variety of fault geometries in order to identify the components of the deformation field, including the velocity and strain components, that enable machine learning models to predict the timing of macroscopic failure. The results suggest that the velocity field provides more valuable information about the timing of macroscopic failure than the strain field, and in particular, the velocity component parallel to the maximum compression direction. The models also strongly depend on the second invariant of the strain deviator tensor,$${J}_{2}$$J2, indicative of the shear strain. The importance of$${J}_{2}$$J2on the model predictions increases with confining stress, consistent with laboratory observations that show a transition from tensile- to shear-dominated deformation with increasing confining stress. In contrast to expectations from previous machine learning analyses, none of the models strongly depend on components of the strain tensor indicative of dilation, such as the first invariant of the strain tensor. This difference may arise because the simulations host less dilative strain than the experimental rocks.
Percutaneously inserted ventriculo-ureteral shunt as a salvage treatment in paediatric hydrocephalus: a technical note
Authors: Sandvik Ulrika , Bartek Jiri , Edström Erik , Jönsson Mattias , Stenman Jakob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Hydrocephalus is a challenge for paediatric neurosurgeons. When the abdominal cavity and heart fail as diversion sites for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), many of the otherwise used alternative diversion sites are not feasible due to the smaller physical body size of children and infants. Using the urinary system as a site of diversion has been described in adults primarily.

Objective
To describe a minimally invasive procedure to percutaneously access the ureter for placement of a distal catheter in the treatment of paediatric hydrocephalus.

Methods
A percutaneous ultrasound-assisted technique was used to access the renal pelvis for catheter placement into the distal ureter.

Results
Fifteen months after the surgery, the child has a stable neurological condition and adequately managed hydrocephalus.

Conclusion
The urinary tract should be considered a viable option for CSF diversion in complex paediatric hydrocephalus. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of interventional radiologists, urologists and neurosurgeons should be involved in the evaluation of potential candidates.
Food insecurity and physical multimorbidity among adults aged ≥ 50 years from six low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Smith Lee , Shin Jae Il , Jacob Louis , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Schuch Felipe , Tully Mark A. , Oh Hans , Veronese Nicola , Soysal Pinar , Butler Laurie , Barnett Yvonne , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Food insecurity and multimoribidity (i.e., ≥ 2 chronic conditions) may be linked bidirectionally, but there are no studies on this topic from LMICs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between food insecurity and physical multimorbidity in a large representative sample of older adults from six LMICs.

Methods
Cross-sectional, community-based data on adults aged ≥ 50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa were analyzed. A total of 11 chronic physical conditions were assessed. Past 12 month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations.

Results
Data on 34,129 adults aged ≥ 50 years [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; age range 50–114 years; 47.9% males] were analyzed. After adjustment for potential confounders, in the overall sample, compared to being food secure, moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 1.29 (95% CI 1.06–1.56) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.13–2.16) times higher odds for multimorbidity, respectively

Conclusion
Food insecurity was associated with greater odds for multimorbidity in older adults from LMICs. Addressing food insecurity in the general population may reduce risk for multimorbidity, while screening for food insecurity and addressing it among those with multimorbidity may lead to better clinical outcomes, pending future longitudinal research
Fe2+–Mg partitioning between olivine and liquid at low oxygen fugacity: an experimental and thermodynamic framework
Authors: Saper L. M. , Baker M. B. , Stolper E. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA set of 1-atm gas-mixing experiments (n = 31) was run using Re wire loops at low-oxygen fugacity (ƒO2, within one half-log unit of the Fe–FeO buffer) and temperatures of 1175–1400 °C to explore the compositional dependence of the Fe2+–Mg olivine–liquid exchange coefficient, $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D},{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}-\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{ol}/\mathrm{liq}}$$

K

D
,

Fe

2
+

-
Mg

ol
/
liq

, under conditions where corrections for liquid Fe3+ are small. The bulk compositions used for these experiments include a picrite, a high-alumina basalt, and a suite of three MORB compositions with variable Fe/Mg. The $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D},{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}-\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{ol}/\mathrm{liq}}$$

K

D
,

Fe

2
+

-
Mg

ol
/
liq

values from the n = 14 experiments run on pre-saturated Re wire loops were fit to a regular solution model that relates $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D},{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}-\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{ol}/\mathrm{liq}}$$

K

D
,

Fe

2
+

-
Mg

ol
/
liq

to temperature, melt composition, and olivine composition. Fe2+–Mg exchange in the experiments is well-described using two parameters: the SiO2 content of the liquid and the coexisting olivine composition. Combining our experiments with a literature compilation of low-pressure, low-ƒO2 experiments (largely on non-terrestrial bulk compositions) produced a combined data set spanning a broad region of composition space (e.g., liquid TiO2 and Na2O + K2O contents up to 18.4 wt% and 8.4 wt%, respectively). Fitting this expanded experimental database required two additional liquid compositional terms: Ti, and a Si-(Na + K) cross-term. Because the Fe3+ content of all of the experimental liquids is low, the compositional variation seen in $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D},{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}-\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{ol}/\mathrm{liq}}$$

K

D
,

Fe

2
+

-
Mg

ol
/
liq

is effectively independent of the compositional effects on liquid Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios. Given olivine–liquid Mg or Fe2+ partition coefficient information, it is possible to eliminate the explicit dependence of $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{D},{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}-\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{ol}/\mathrm{liq}}$$

K

D
,

Fe

2
+

-
Mg

ol
/
liq

on olivine composition, enabling a simple iterative approach for calculating the composition of coexisting olivine given only the bulk composition (and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio) of an olivine-saturated liquid.