bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab versus PARP-inhibitors in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Suh Young Ju , Lee Banghyun , Kim Kidong , Jeong Yujin , Choi Hwa Yeon , Hwang Sung Ook , Kim Yong Beom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, bevacizumab and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) exhibit improved progression-free survival (PFS) when administered concurrent with chemotherapy and/or maintenance therapy, but no study has directly compared their effects. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab and PARPi in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer using a network meta-analysis.

Methods
PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched, and five randomized trials assessing PFS in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer treated with either bevacizumab, PARPi, or placebo or no additional agent (controls) were identified. PFS was compared in the overall population with ovarian cancer, women with a BRCA1/2 mutation (BRCAm) and women with homologous-recombination deficiency (HRD). Adverse events (grade ≥ 3) were compared in all populations of the included studies.

Results
PARPi improved PFS significantly more than bevacizumab in women with a BRCAm (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.36–0.60) and with HRD (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.50–0.87). However, in the overall population with ovarian cancer, no significant difference in PFS was observed between women treated with PARPi and those treated with bevacizumab. PARPi exhibited the highest surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities value as the most effective treatment for PFS (PARPi vs. bevacizumab: 98% vs. 52% in the overall population with ovarian cancer; 100% vs. 50% in women with BRCAm; 100% vs. 50% in women with HRD). For adverse events, the risk of all treatments was similar. However, PARPi had a higher adverse risk than the control group (relative risk 2.14; 95% CI 1.40–3.26).

Conclusions
In women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, PARPi might be more effective in terms of PFS compared to bevacizumab. The risk of serious adverse events was similar for PARPi and bevacizumab.
Inadequate housing and pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Ju-Yeun , Kwon Namhee , Goo Ga-yeon , Cho Sung-il 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health issue that has long threatened and continues to threaten human health. While previous studies are important in the search for a cure for TB, to eradicate the disease it is also crucial to analyze environmental influences. Therefore, this study determined the potential effect of inadequate housing on TB and the magnitude of the effect.

Methods
This is a systematic review of the effects of inadequate housing on TB. Between Jan 1, 2011 and Oct 25, 2020, we searched four electronic databases using the search terms “housing AND tuberculosis” or “housing AND TB”. The target population comprised residents of inadequate housing and the homeless.

Results
We found 26 eligible studies. The distribution of the studies across continents was uneven, and the housing issues of interest seemed to vary depending on the economic level of the country. The eight steps identified in TB development and the consequences thereof were more strongly associated with housing affordability than with housing quality.

Conclusions
This is the first systematic review to identify the effects of inadequate housing on TB and to categorize inadequate-housing-related exposure to TB in terms of affordability and quality. The steps identified in TB development and the consequences thereof had a greater association with housing affordability than with housing quality. Therefore, public health interventions regarding housing affordability could be more diverse, and interventions that support affordable housing for residents of inadequate housing and the homeless should proceed simultaneously to improve housing quality.
Facilitators and barriers of intersectoral co-operation to promote healthier and more environmentally friendly behaviour: a qualitative evaluation through focus groups for the INHERIT project
Authors: van der Vliet Nina , den Broeder Lea , Romeo-Velilla Maria , Staatsen Brigit , Kruize Hanneke , Friedrich Bettina , Schuit A. Jantine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Tackling challenges related to health, environmental sustainability and equity requires many sectors to work together. This “intersectoral co-operation” can pose a challenge on its own. Research commonly focuses on one field or is conducted within one region or country. The aim of this study was to investigate facilitators and barriers regarding intersectoral co-operative behaviour as experienced in twelve distinct case studies in ten European countries. The COM-B behavioural system was applied to investigate which capabilities, opportunities and motivational elements appear necessary for co-operative behaviour.

Method
Twelve focus groups were conducted between October 2018 and March 2019, with a total of 76 participants (policymakers, case study coordinators, governmental institutes and/or non-governmental organisations representing citizens or citizens). Focus groups were organised locally and held in the native language using a common protocol and handbook. One central organisation coordinated the focus groups and analysed the results. Translated data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis, applying previous intersectoral co-operation frameworks and the COM-B behavioural system.

Results
Amongst the main facilitators experienced were having highly motivated partners who find common goals and see mutual benefits, with good personal relationships and trust (Motivation). In addition, having supportive environments that provide opportunities to co-operate in terms of support and resources facilitated co-operation (Opportunity), along with motivated co-operation partners who have long-term visions, create good external visibility and who have clear agreements and clarity on roles from early on (Capability). Barriers included not having necessary and/or structural resources or enough time, and negative attitudes from specific stakeholders.

Conclusions
This study on facilitators and barriers to intersectoral co-operation in ten European countries confirms findings of earlier studies. This study also demonstrates that the COM-B model can serve as a relatively simple tool to understand co-operative behaviour in terms of the capability, opportunity and motivation required amongst co-operation partners from different sectors. Results can support co-operators’ and policymakers’ understanding of necessary elements of intersectoral co-operation. It can help them in developing more successful intersectoral co-operation when dealing with challenges of health, environmental sustainability and equity.
Morphological characteristics of subaxial cervical pedicles and surrounding critical structures in patients with vertebral artery dominance - an anatomical study based on computed tomographic imaging
Authors: Yang Jin , Li Tao , Wang Qing , Wang Gaoju , Wang Song , Xu Shuang , Zhang Shuai , Li Qiuhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
No study has assessed the feasibility and safety of cervical pedicle screw implantation in patients with vertebral artery dominance (VAD), a common vertebral artery (VA) variation which can increase VA injury (VAI) risk. This study was to assess morphological characteristics of the subaxial cervical pedicles and surrounding critical structures, and identify their correlations in patients with VAD.

Methods
Computed tomography arteriography scans of 152 patients were used for retrospectively measuring parameters including pedicle outer width (POW), the distance from the lateral pedicle border to the closest part of VA (DPVA), diameter of VA (DVA), area of VA (AVA), area of transverse foramen (ATF) and occupational ratio of transverse foramen (TF). Moreover, correlations among some critical parameters were assessed.

Results
One hundred eight males and 44 females, with a mean age of 55.9 years were included. POW was smaller on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side, whereas DPVA, DVA, AVA, ATF, and TF were larger on the dominant side than those on the non-dominant side. On both sides, POW < 4 mm and POW + DPVA < 5 mm were observed most frequently at C3 and C4. On both sides, POW was correlated to ATF, and ATF was correlated to DVA and AVA. DPVA was correlated to ATF on the dominant side.

Conclusion
Patients with VAD exhibited smaller POW on the dominant side, most frequently at C3 and C4. Dominant VA may indirectly affect POW. TF may be a key determinant of DPVA and POW.
Open-mindedness trait affects the development of intercultural communication competence in short-term overseas study programs: a mixed-method exploration
Authors: Wang Chen , Wu Shuang-Ying , Nie Yi-Zi , Cui Guan-Yu , Hou Xiang-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Overseas study trips can enhance healthcare students’ intercultural communication competence. An opportunity to immerse in the new culture enables them to develop their ability to offer services to people from different countries. However, the role that open-mindedness (i.e., a personality trait) can play in this process has not been explored.

Methods
The present study adopted a mixed-method design to identify how open-mindedness trait affected this overseas learning process. Thirty-two undergraduate healthcare students in Australia took part in the study. Questionnaires, which measured socio-demographic information, intercultural communication competence and open-mindedness trait were administered to the participants before and after their overseas trip. Half of the participants (n = 16) were interviewed after the overseas trip.

Results
The correlational analysis showed that the open-mindedness trait was correlated with cultural skills, a component of intercultural communication competence, but not significant with the other three components. Three themes emerging from the qualitative data indicated that the open-mindedness trait affected students’ cultural exposure. This trait enabled participants to be actively involved in the immersion in the local culture. They were willing to learn from peer fellows, and keen to embrace novel challenges.

Conclusion
It is concluded that open-mindedness trait is vital for increasing cultural immersion, and hence promote intercultural communication skills.
The effect of Patient’s Own Medication use on patient’s self-reported medication knowledge during hospitalisation: a pre-post intervention study
Authors: van Herpen-Meeuwissen Loes J. M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Derijks Hieronymus J. , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. , Maat Barbara , van Onzenoort Hein A. W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproving patient’s medication knowledge and consequently medication use is essential for optimal treatment outcomes. As patient knowledge about medication is currently suboptimal, interventions to optimise medication knowledge are necessary. Implementation of Patient’s Own Medication (POM) in which patients bring their outpatient medication to the hospital, and nurses administer these during admission, may increase medication knowledge. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of POM use on self-reported medication knowledge of hospitalised patients compared to standard care. Patient’s sense of medication safety, attitude to the provision of information, and to inpatient medication use were studied in both standard care and during POM use too.MethodIn this nationwide intervention study perceived medication knowledge was assessed with a questionnaire pre and post implementing POM use. The questionnaire assessed perceived medication knowledge at admission and discharge, medication safety during hospitalisation, the provision of information during hospitalisation and at discharge, and inpatient medication use during hospitalisation. Patients’ answers were categorised into positive and negative/neutral. The proportion of patients with adequate medication knowledge, in the standard care and POM use group at hospital admission and discharge, were calculated and compared with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the 731 patients (393 received standard care and 338 POM) who completed the questionnaire (80.2%), POM use seemed to be positively associated with self-reported knowledge onhowto use medication at discharge (adjusted OR: 3.22 [95% CI 2.01–5.16]). However, for the other two knowledge related statements POM use was not associated. Medication knowledge at admission was the most important variable associated with perceived medication knowledge at discharge. The majority perceived POM use to be safer (52.9% of standard care patients versus 74.0% POM users;P <  0.01), POM users knew better which medicines they still used during hospitalisation (85.8% versus 92.3% resp.;P = 0.01), and most patients preferred POM use regardless of having experienced it (68.2% versus 82.2% resp.;P <  0.01).ConclusionPOM use positively affects patient’s medication knowledge abouthowto use medication and patients’ perception of medication safety. With POM use more patients have a positive attitude towards the provision of information. The majority of patients prefer POM use. In conclusion, POM use seems a valuable intervention and requires further investigation.
Multi-professional and multi-agency model PLUSS to facilitate early detection and support of pre-school children with neurodevelopmental difficulties – a model description
Authors: Gustafsson Berit M. , Steinwall Samina , Korhonen Laura 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Neurodevelopmental difficulties, such as problems in social inter-relatedness, communication, motor coordination, and attention, are frequent in preschoolers and constitute a risk for later negative consequences. This article describes the development of a multi-professional and multi-agency model, PLUSS, to facilitate care and interventions for preschoolers with neurodevelopmental difficulties.

Methods
The PLUSS model was developed for children aged 1.5–5 years with a need for a further assessment of neurodevelopmental symptoms. The model is evaluated using a quasi-experimental study design along with qualitative interviews that study preschool teacher, and parent experiences of PLUSS. Outcomes of interest are a) implementation, b) effectiveness related to processes and multi-agency collaboration, c) capacity building among professionals, d) child-related outcomes with a longitudinal follow-up as well as d) parental wellbeing and satisfaction.

Results
The model was launched in 2019 and so far, approximately 130 children have been assessed. Results from a pilot study with 62 children (27–72 months; boys: girls 2.65:1) show that the total mean SDQ score in parental rating was 15 ± 6 and in preschool teacher ratings 14 ± 7, exceeding the Swedish cut-off of 12. 54 parents have participated in parental training and rate high levels of satisfaction (mean score 4.5, max 5.0). In addition, 74 pre-school professionals have been trained in early signs of neurodevelopmental difficulties to facilitate early detection. Feedback from participants indicates high satisfaction with educational activities (mean score 4.2, max 5.0 = very satisfied).

Conclusions
The pilot study shows that the screening procedure can detect children with clinically significant problems. In addition, participant satisfaction is high in parent- and preschool teacher training. The longitudinal study approach enables both child follow-up and evaluation of interventions provided by the working model.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials 2021, PLUSS identifier, NCT04815889. First registration 25/03/2021.
Evaluation of genetic variants using chromosomal microarray analysis for fetuses with polyhydramnios
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Li Ying , Lin Na , Su Linjuan , Xie Xiaorui , Liang Bing , Shen Qingmei , Cai Meiying , Guo Danhua , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Polyhydramnios, the excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid, is associated with an elevated risk of abnormal karyotype, particularly aneuploidy. Studies focusing on chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in pregnancies with polyhydramnios are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implications of pregnancy with polyhydramnios by CMA testing and routine karyotyping.

Methods
Data from 131 singleton and 17 twin pregnancies that underwent prenatal CMA testing due to polyhydramnios between May 2017 and May 2021 were reviewed. Enrolled cases were grouped into isolated polyhydramnios (N = 39) and non-isolated polyhydramnios (N = 111). Non-isolated group was further categorized as subgroup of soft markers (n = 59) and non-soft markers (n = 52).

Results
CMA revealed an additional 10 (6.7%) chromosomal aberrations with clinical significance in 9 fetuses from singleton pregnancies and 1 from a twin pregnancy. Six microdeletion/microduplication syndromes were observed, of which 4 were located on chromosome 17. The incremental yields of clinically significant CMA findings in non-isolated polyhydramnios was 8.1%, and the values in fetuses along with soft markers and non-soft markers were 5.1% and 11.5% (p > 0.05), respectively. Only one incidental finding related to neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies was detected from 39 fetuses with isolated polyhydramnios.

Conclusions
Non-isolated polyhydramnios is associated with several microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, regardless of singleton or twin pregnancies. Our results suggest insufficient evidence to recommend CMA in pregnancies with isolated polyhydramnios.
Machine learning classification of multiple sclerosis patients based on raw data from an instrumented walkway
Authors: Hu Wenting , Combden Owen , Jiang Xianta , Buragadda Syamala , Newell Caitlin J. , Williams Maria C. , Critch Amber L. , Ploughman Michelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Using embedded sensors, instrumented walkways provide clinicians with important information regarding gait disturbances. However, because raw data are summarized into standard gait variables, there may be some salient features and patterns that are ignored. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease which predominantly impacts young to middle-aged adults. People with MS may experience varying degrees of gait impairments, making it a reasonable model to test contemporary machine leaning algorithms. In this study, we employ machine learning techniques applied to raw walkway data to discern MS patients from healthy controls. We achieve this goal by constructing a range of new features which supplement standard parameters to improve machine learning model performance.

Results
Eleven variables from the standard gait feature set achieved the highest accuracy of 81%, precision of 95%, recall of 81%, and F1-score of 87%, using support vector machine (SVM). The inclusion of the novel features (toe direction, hull area, base of support area, foot length, foot width and foot area) increased classification accuracy by 7%, recall by 9%, and F1-score by 6%.

Conclusions
The use of an instrumented walkway can generate rich data that is generally unseen by clinicians and researchers. Machine learning applied to standard gait variables can discern MS patients from healthy controls with excellent accuracy. Noteworthy, classifications are made stronger by including novel gait features (toe direction, hull area, base of support area, foot length and foot area).
NETosis and SARS-COV-2 infection related thrombosis: a narrative review
Authors: Behzadifard Mahin , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is related to immune hyperactivity, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and immunothrombosis. Among the underlying mechanisms in COVID-19 thrombosis, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, NETosis, may have a significant role. COVID-19 thrombi obtained from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation contained an accumulation of neutrophils and in a higher amount of NETs when compared with non-COVID-19 thrombi specimens.

Main body
During sepsis and inflammatory status, NETs released from neutrophils and histones and nucleosomes extruded into the extracellular space and take part in the host innate immunity defense, inflammation, and thrombosis. Excessive NETosis is related to clinical progression and respiratory failure in infections and sepsis. NETosis act as a scaffold for thrombus formation, and new associative data support the relation between deregulated immune responses with thrombus formation and organ failure. NETosis is reported in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 infection, overproduction of tissue factor (TF) by neutrophils has a role in immunothrombosis. Additionally, NETs can trap TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as the only endogenous protein that effectively inhibits the activity of the significant proteases– complexes, TF–FVIIa and prothrombinase.

Conclusion
Because of NETosis can induce intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascade activation through the production of TF, activation of FXII, and inhibition of TFPI and fibrinolysis and induce immunothrombosis, targeting NETosis may diminish thrombus formation related to NETs in COVID-19 patients.
Ebselen prevents cigarette smoke-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by preserving hippocampal synaptophysin expression
Authors: De Luca Simone N. , Brassington Kurt , Chan Stanley M. H. , Dobric Aleksandar , Mou Kevin , Seow Huei Jiunn , Vlahos Ross 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “spill-over” of pulmonary inflammation into the systemic circulation may damage the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction. Cessation of CS can improve pulmonary and neurocognitive outcomes, however, its benefit on the neuroinflammatory profile remains uncertain. Here, we investigate how CS exposure impairs neurocognition and whether this can be reversed with CS cessation or an antioxidant treatment.

Methods
Male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS (9 cigarettes/day for 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of CS cessation. Another cohort of CS-exposed mice were co-administrated with a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, ebselen (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (5% CM-cellulose). We assessed pulmonary inflammation, spatial and working memory, and the hippocampal microglial, oxidative and synaptic profiles.

Results
CS exposure increased lung inflammation which was reduced following CS cessation. CS caused spatial and working memory impairments which were attributed to hippocampal microglial activation and suppression of synaptophysin. CS cessation did not improve memory deficits or alter microglial activation. Ebselen completely prevented the CS-induced working and spatial memory impairments, which was associated with restored synaptophysin expression without altering microglial activation.

Conclusion
We were able to model the CS-induced memory impairment and microglial activation seen in human COPD. The preventative effects of ebselen on memory impairment is likely to be dependent on a preserved synaptogenic profile. Cessation alone also appears to be insufficient in correcting the memory impairment, suggesting the importance of incorporating antioxidant therapy to help maximising the benefit of cessation.