bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A breathing mask attenuates acute airway responses to exercise in sub-zero environment in healthy subjects
Authors: Stenfors Nikolai , Persson Hampus , Tutt Alasdair , Tufvesson Ellen , Andersson Erik P. , Ainegren Mats , Hanstock Helen G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cold air exposure is associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Repeated inhalation of cold and dry air is considered the cause of the high prevalence of asthma among winter endurance athletes. This study assessed whether a heat- and moisture-exchanging breathing device (HME) attenuates airway responses to high-intensity exercise in sub-zero temperatures among healthy subjects.

Methods
Using a randomized cross-over design, 23 healthy trained participants performed a 30-min warm-up followed by a 4-min maximal, self-paced running time trial in − 15 °C, with and without HME. Lung function was assessed pre- and immediately post-trials. Club cell protein (CC-16), 8-isoprostane, and cytokine concentrations were measured in plasma and urine pre- and 60 min post trials. Symptoms were assessed prior to, during, and immediately after each trial in the chamber.

Results
HME use attenuated the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) post trials (∆FEV1: mean (SD) HME − 0.5 (1.9) % vs. no-HME − 2.7 (2.7) %, p = 0.002). HME also substantially attenuated the median relative increase in plasma-CC16 concentrations (with HME + 27% (interquartile range 9–38) vs no-HME + 121% (55–162), p < 0.001) and reduced airway and general symptom intensity, compared to the trial without HME. No significant changes between trials were detected in urine CC16, 8-isoprostane, or cytokine concentrations.

Conclusion
The HME attenuated acute airway responses induced by moderate-to-maximal-intensity exercise in − 15 °C in healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to examine whether this HMEs could constitute primary prevention against asthma in winter endurance athletes.
Impact of three co-occurring physical ecosystem engineers on soil Collembola communities
Authors: Lagendijk D. D. G. , Cueva-Arias D. , Van Oosten A. R. , Berg M. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interplay between organisms with their abiotic environment may have profound effects within ecological networks, but are still poorly understood. Soil physical ecosystem engineers (EEs) modify the abiotic environment, thereby potentially affecting the distribution of other species, such as microarthropods. We focus on three co-occurring physical EEs (i.e. cattle, vegetation, macrodetritivore) known for their profound effect on soil properties (e.g. pore volume, microclimate, litter thickness). We determined their effects on Collembola community composition and life-form strategy (a proxy for vertical distribution in soil) in a European salt marsh. Soil cores were collected in grazed (compacted soil, under short and tall vegetation) and non-grazed areas (decompacted soil, under short and tall vegetation), their pore structure analysed using X-ray computed tomography, after which Collembola were extracted. Collembola species richness was lower in grazed sites, but abundances were not affected by soil compaction or vegetation height. Community composition differed between ungrazed sites with short vegetation and the other treatments, due to a greater dominance of epigeic Collembola and lower abundance of euedaphic species in this treatment. We found that the three co-occurring EEs and their interactions modify the physical environment of soil fauna, particularly through changes in soil porosity and availability of litter. This alters the relative abundance of Collembola life-forms, and thus the community composition within the soil. As Collembola are known to play a crucial role in decomposition processes, these compositional changes in litter and soil layers are expected to affect ecosystem processes and functioning.
Social sustainability in an evolving circular fashion industry: identifying and triangulating concepts across different publication groups
Authors: Beyer Katja , Arnold Marlen Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSustainability and the concept of circular economy are two of the most prominent approaches in the fashion industry to meet global challenges. Advocated by different interest groups, these concepts primarily follow an environmental and economic perspective on sustainability. In turn, the social dimension of sustainability has not been extensively explored. Performing a comparative discourse analysis, this study triangulates data from three different perspectives and unveils social sustainability-related aspects in documents related to two specific companies as well as in academic and stakeholder publications in the fashion context. We use LeximancerTM to reveal and visualize the scope and frequency of socially relevant concepts in more than 550 publications. Based on this, results show that the two fashion companies have gradually been communicating more about social sustainability-related aspects as opposed to academic and stakeholder publications. Overall, single social sustainability-related values exclusively appear in each of the publication groups, whereas others seem to reflect a mutual influence among the different players. Yet, pivotal social sustainability-related issues are missing. This corroborates scholars assuming a neglected role of the social dimension of sustainability in general and calling for a greater elaboration on social aspects in the conceptualization of a circular economy. Our results also call for a deeper follow-up analysis of communications, practices and strategies of different actors in their respective social contexts.
An Extended Hyperbolic Closure Model for Unmated Granite Fractures Subject to Normal Loading
Authors: Li Bo , Mo Yangyang , Zou Liangchao , Wu Faquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe closure behavior of rock fractures subject to normal loading is essential for deformation analysis of fractured rock masses and the modeling of associated coupled processes. Previous studies have mainly focused on characterizing the closure behavior of mated fractures, and the applicability of existing models to unmated fractures and characteristics of involved parameters have not been comprehensively investigated. We conducted normal loading tests on three tensile granite fractures with different mating degrees by dislocating the fracture surfaces with three offsets. A high-resolution contact model was used to simulate the fracture closure behavior, which was validated by comparing the simulated closure curves and the surface damage areas with experimental measurements. After that, it was applied to simulate the closure behavior for nine numerically generated surfaces with different surface roughness characteristics. The experimental and numerical results exhibit a downward bending trend in the stiffness versus stress curves, which existing models cannot accommodate. An extended hyperbolic model was established by introducing an exponent parameter into the classical Barton–Bandis hyperbolic model, which can better represent the experimental data than previous models. Via regression analysis, we found that the exponent parameter has an approximately constant value of 0.3. The maximum normal displacement is about two times of the mean aperture. The initial stiffness is positively correlated with the elastic modulus and the correlation length and negatively correlated with the mean aperture. Parameters involved in the extended model have precise physical meanings, and they are mathematically predictable based on measurable mechanical and geometrical properties of the rock fractures.
Enamel matrix derivative as adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean-Claude , Stähli Alexandra , Kloukos Dimitrios , Salvi Giovanni E. , Sculean Anton 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the potential additional benefit of the local application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the clinical outcomes following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) (steps 1 and 2 periodontal therapy).

Materials and Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in several electronic databases, including Medline/PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Register of Central Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, and grey literature. Only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion. Clinical attachment level (CAL) change (primary outcome), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BoP) reductions (secondary outcomes) were evaluated. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the quality of the included trials. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between test and control sites were estimated using a random-effect model for amount of mean CAL and PPD change.

Results
Six RCTs were included for the qualitative analysis, while data from 4 studies were used for meta-analysis. Overall analysis of CAL gain (3 studies) and PPD reduction (4 studies) presented WMD of 0.14 mm (p = 0.74; CI 95% − 0.66; 0.94) and 0.46 mm (p = 0.25; CI 95% − 0.33; 1.26) in favor of NSPT + EMD compared to NSPT alone respectively. Statistical heterogeneity was found to be high in both cases (I2 = 79% and 87%, respectively).

Conclusions
Within their limitations, the present data indicate that the local application of EMD does not lead to additional clinical benefits after 3 to 12 months when used as an adjunctive to NSPT. However, due to the high heterogeneity among the studies, additional well-designed RCTs are needed to provide further evidence on this clinical indication for the use of EMD.

Clinical relevance
The adjunctive use of EMD to NSPT does not seem to additionally improve the clinical outcomes obtained with NSPT alone.
Fahreignung nach akut-symptomatischem Anfall bei struktureller Hirnläsion
Authors: Holtkamp Martin , Breuer Eva , Gaus Verena , Lehmann Rebekka , Siebert Eberhard , Steinbart David , Vorderwülbecke Bernd 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungAkut-symptomatische Anfälle gehen oft auf eine frische strukturelle Hirnläsion zurück. Diese Konstellation wird allerdings in den Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Kraftfahreignung nicht thematisiert. Das Risiko späterer unprovozierter Rezidivanfälle nach strukturellem akut-symptomatischem Anfall entspricht statistisch dem Rezidivrisiko nach isoliertem unprovoziertem Anfall (20–40 % in 10 Jahren). Daher schlagen wir vor, die Beobachtungsfrist ohne Fahreignung analog festzulegen, d. h. 6 anfallsfreie Monate für Führerscheine der Gruppe 1 und 2 anfallsfreie Jahre ohne Medikation für Gruppe 2.
Ova-looking feminist theory: a call for consideration within health professions education and research
Authors: Finn G. M. , Brown M. E. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of feminist theory in health professions education is often ‘ova-looked’. Gender is one cause of healthcare inequalities within contemporary medicine. Shockingly, according to the World Health Organisation, no European member state has achieved full gender equity in regard to health outcomes. Further, contemporary curricula have not evolved to reflect the realities of a diverse society that remains riddled with inequity. This paper outlines the history of feminist theory, and applies it to health professions education research and teaching, in order to advocate for its continued relevance within contemporary healthcare.
Correction to: The Impact of Three-Dimensional Effects on the Simulation of Turbulence Kinetic Energy in a Major Alpine Valley
Authors: Goger Brigitta , Rotach Mathias W. , Gohm Alexander , Fuhrer Oliver , Stiperski Ivana , Holtslag Albert A. M. 
Published: April 2022

The funding agency information in the Acknowledgements was not complete in the original publication of the article. The revised Acknowledgments is provided in this erratum.
Measuring hope: psychometric properties of the children’s Hope Scale among South Sudanese refugee children
Authors: Metzler Janna , Zhang Yuan , Saw Terry , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Landers Cassie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the psychometric properties of the Children’s Hope Scale among a sample of 1,118 South Sudanese refugee children (570 girls, 548 boys) aged 9 to 14 years displaced in Uganda. We assessed the underlying factor structure and model fit through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance by sex and developmental stage. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good fit for a one-factor model with the error terms of items 1 and 3 and items 4 and 6 allowed to covary. There was no evidence of differential item functioning by group. Evidence from this study supports the use of a unidimensional model of hopefulness across groups and signifies the importance of confirming these properties for measures used to evaluate humanitarian interventions.
Comprehensive evaluation of the use of technology in education – validation with a cohort of global open online learners
Authors: Lai Jennifer W. M. , De Nobile John , Bower Matt , Breyer Yvonne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough a large variety of methodologies, contexts and perspectives have been used to examine educational application of technology, there is a paucity of instruments that are designed to comprehensively evaluate the use of technology in education. This paper presents a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of an instrument that incorporates eight key dimensions: learning, affective, behavioral, technology, design, pedagogy, presence/community, and institutional environment. These dimensions were derived from rigorous systematic literature review and field specialist validation processes. The model was then refined and empirically confirmed in this study by 1,352 participants undertaking a Coursera open online course. The results of applying the instrument, as well as qualitative feedback from participants, are shared to illustrate its breadth and utility. The final 28 item “Comprehensive Evaluation of Use of Technology in Education” instrument is provided in full to support consistent, holistic and robust evaluation and comparison of technology use across educational contexts.
Influence of physicochemical parameters on PPCP occurrences in the wetlands
Authors: Ohoro Chinemerem Ruth , Adeniji Abiodun Olagoke , Elsheikh Elsiddig A. E. , Al-Marzouqi Amina , Otim Michael , Okoh Omobola Oluranti , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere have been many global studies on the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic resources, but reports on the effects of physicochemical properties of water on their concentrations are very scarce. The amounts and removal of these contaminants in various environmental media are dependent on these physicochemical properties, which include pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. Here, we reviewed the influence of these properties on determination of PPCPs. Reports showed that increase in turbidity, electrical conductivity, and salinity gives increase in concentrations of PPCPs. Also, neutral pH gives higher PPCP concentrations, while decrease in temperature and dissolved oxygen gives low concentration of PPCPs. Nevertheless, it is quite challenging to ascertain the influence of water quality parameters on the PPCP concentration, as other factors like climate change, type of water, source of pollution, persistence, and dilution factor may have great influence on the concentration of PPCPs. Therefore, routine monitoring is suggested as most water quality parameters vary because of effects of climate change.
Radical Pooling and Imprecise Probabilities
Authors: Quintana Ignacio Ojea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on radical pooling, or the question of how to aggregate credences when there is a fundamental disagreement about which is the relevant logical space for inquiry. The solution advanced is based on the notion of consensus as common ground (Levi in Synthese 62:3–11, 1985), where agents can find it by suspending judgment on logical possibilities. This is exemplified with cases of scientific revolution. On a formal level, the proposal uses algebraic joins and imprecise probabilities; which is shown to be compatible with the principles of marginalization, rigidity, reverse bayesianism, and minimum divergence commonly endorsed in these contexts. Furthermore, I extend results from previous work by (Stewart & Ojea Quintana in J Philos Logic 47:17–45, 2016; Erkenntnis 83:369–389, 2018) to show that pooling sets of imprecise probabilities can satisfy important pooling axioms.
Reflection machines: increasing meaningful human control over Decision Support Systems
Authors: Cornelissen N. A. J. , van Eerdt R. J. M. , Schraffenberger H. K. , Haselager W. F. G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapid developments in Artificial Intelligence are leading to an increasing human reliance on machine decision making. Even in collaborative efforts with Decision Support Systems (DSSs), where a human expert is expected to make the final decisions, it can be hard to keep the expert actively involved throughout the decision process. DSSs suggest their own solutions and thus invite passive decision making. To keep humans actively ‘on’ the decision-making loop and counter overreliance on machines, we propose a ‘reflection machine’ (RM). This system asks users questions about their decision strategy and thereby prompts them to evaluate their own decisions critically. We discuss what forms RMs can take and present a proof-of-concept implementation of a RM that can produce feedback on users’ decisions in the medical and law domains. We show that the prototype requires very little domain knowledge to create reasonably intelligent critiquing questions. With this prototype, we demonstrate the technical feasibility to develop RMs and hope to pave the way for future research into their effectiveness and value.
Assessing Transdisciplinary Scholarly Development: A Longitudinal Mixed Method Graduate Program Evaluation
Authors: Liechty Janet M. , Keck Anna-Sigrid , Sloane Stephanie , Donovan Sharon M. , Fiese Barbara H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransdisciplinary (TD) graduate training programs are growing in number, yet little is known about their effectiveness or the development of TD attitudes and behaviors among students over time. This prospective longitudinal mixed methods study compares graduate students participating in a federally funded TD training program with non-participating students from the same disciplines and degree programs (n = 26). The Interdisciplinary Perspectives Index (IPI) and Behavior Change Collaborative Activity Index (BCCAI) were used to assess TD attitudes and behaviors at beginning, middle, and end of an MPH/PhD program. Additionally, a multiple case-based approach was used to further analyze changes among the TD students at three time points (n = 10), including a novel sketch protocol to elicit TD student conceptualizations (mental maps) of TD teams. Four assessments were used to construct an overall TD orientation score. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests showed TD behaviors increased over time only among TD students, and favorable TD attitudes were high at baseline and did not change for any group. Generalized Estimating Equations showed that TD behaviors were higher among TD students than traditional students at both mid and endpoint, with no difference at baseline. Visual assessments showed TD students’ mental maps of TD research and team science, elicited under a novel sketch protocol, reflected greater integration and organization by endpoint. Two developmental patterns of increasing overall TD orientation emerged among the TD students. This article reports findings and insights applicable to TD graduate education and curriculum design and introduces a novel visual assessment tool.
Cyber-Physical Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review, Categorization and Outlook
Authors: Oks Sascha Julian , Jalowski Max , Lechner Michael , Mirschberger Stefan , Merklein Marion , Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Möslein Kathrin M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyber-physical systems (CPS) offer great potential for the digital transformation of industrial value creation in the context of Industry 4.0. They unify and integrate several technological approaches, including big data analysis and artificial intelligence, enhancing real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. An extensive knowledge base formed by various disciplines, including information systems, engineering, and computer science, already exists for CPS. However, this knowledge has not been holistically captured and structured to date. To address this research gap, this study conducts a large-scale literature review of 2365 papers representing the current state of the research and then develops a novel categorization on industrial CPS with 10 sections, 32 areas, and 246 fields. The categorization is presented in hierarchical graphical form and can also be utilized as a web tool. To conclude, a perspective on future research needs and potentials to enhance Industry 4.0 in both research and practice are offered.
Starving the golden goose? Access to finance for innovators in the creative industries
Authors: Di Novo Salvatore , Fazio Giorgio , Sapsed Jonathan , Siepel Josh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper extends research on innovating firms’ access to finance in the creative industries. While we know that entrepreneurial firms experience barriers to applying for funding and difficulties in securing positive outcomes, prior studies have shown that firms may use patents to signal innovative quality to potential investors. Yet these studies typically focus on R&D-oriented innovation in ‘traditional’ technological sectors. Creative industries firms have different innovation characteristics that may influence the funding process, including the uncertainty of content-based product markets, the highly-imbalanced information asymmetries between creative entrepreneurs and conservative investors, and the symbolic and intangible nature of their innovations. Using the UK‘s Creative Industries Council‘s unique cross-sectional survey data of 575 firms we analyse the extent to which innovating firms seek to apply to and achieve funding from a wide range of potential sources. We find little evidence that prior innovative activities provide a meaningful signal, positive or negative, to potential funders for creative industries firms. This suggests that the highly intangible and symbolic nature of innovation in creative industries businesses is unreliable as an indicator of quality. The reliance of owners on personal capital is congruent with recent literature on the high levels of social and personal capital among workers in the creative industries. We suggest that the specific challenges creative firms face may be addressed through new financial and policy instruments to feed and sustain these high-growth, innovating industries.