bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Essential Tremor: A Prospective Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Assessment
Authors: Froehner Gabriel Sampaio , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Fabiani Giorgio , Meira Alex Tiburtino , Filho Raul Martins , Munhoz Renato Puppi , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Patients with essential tremor (ET) have 3.5 times greater risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) throughout their lives, also known as PD with antecedent ET (ET-PD). Single photon emission computed tomography with radiotracer imaging of dopamine transporters (TRODAT-SPECT) can help differentiate these two diseases.

Method:
Relate the results of TRODAT-SPECT imaging in patients with ET to potential progress to ET-PD. Thirty-six patients with ET were evaluated by neurological examination, the Archimedes spiral, and the MDS-UPDRS III scale on two occasions, after a mean interval of three years. SPECT was performed on all patients after the first visit.

Results:
Overall, six patients (16.6%) progressed clinically to ET-PD. Patients with ET-PD were older, and the age of tremor onset was later. The ET-PD group scored higher on the MDS-UPDRS III scale, especially for the presence of bradykinesia. SPECT imaging was altered in 83.3% of the ET-PD patients compared to 33% of the ET patients (p=0.034). Changes on the SPECT with asymmetrical hypouptake suggested progress to ET-PD (p=0.025).

Conclusion:
Advanced age at the onset of tremor, the presence of bradykinesia, and asymmetrical alterations in SPECT may be related to progression to PD in patients with ET. Changes in neuroimaging suggest that SPECT-TRODAT can be used to predict progression to PD in selected patients.
Effect on Dental Stains by Potassium Tripolyphosphate Added Chewing Gum
Authors: Porciani Pier Francesco , Grandini Simone 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Today, people worldwide consider the discoloration of teeth the main concern, therefore, dental stains are an important problem for a lot of patients, especially for smokers, and tea and coffee consumers.

Objective:
This trial was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of a sugar-free chewing gum added with potassium tripolyphosphate, compared to a placebo chewing gum on the development or the removal of dental extrinsic stains preserving regular daily oral hygiene.

Methods:
This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, 6-week parallel controlled clinical trial. Among those who were eligible for the trial, 162 adult participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 81 each and were instructed to maintain customary oral hygiene. All subjects started the trial period after an in-office dental visit to set the stain index baseline. They chewed one of the two chewing gums for six weeks, five pieces per day, preferably after meals and snacks, for 10 minutes. Both chewing gums were sugar-free, 2g of weight with the same size and shape. The test chewing gum contained potassium tripolyphosphate (24.4 mg per piece), the control chewing gum was identical without potassium tripolyphosphate, therefore, it did not contain any anti-stain agent. The dental extrinsic stain was measured at the first visit and at the end of six weeks by the Modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI). Comparisons between the groups were performed using ANOVA after adjustment of the baselines, and comparisons between initial and final indexes inside the groups were performed using paired t-tests.

Results:
After the 6 weeks, 154 subjects completed the trial, 77 in each group. The mean difference in stain composite index for all sites after six weeks was 0.04±0.07 in the control group and -0.03±0.07 in the test group. This difference was statistically significant after baseline adjustment (p<0.001). Moreover, the differences in stain indexes for both buccal or lingual-palatal sites showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) for those using the test chewing gum versus the control chewing gum.

Conclusion:
The overall findings of this clinical study suggest that the use of chewing gum containing potassium tripolyphosphate can reduce dental stains versus placebo chewing gum on frontal teeth after six weeks of maintaining regular oral hygiene with normal tooth brushing.
Problem-Solving and Communication Skills of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Zyoud Amr H. , Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Alkouri Osama A. , Al-Sutari Manal M. , Al-Tarifi Malek , Albqoor Maha Alkaid , Shaheen Abeer 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Problem-solving and effective communication are essential skills for daily nursing duties. Despite several studies highlighting those concepts, few examined the relationship between these concepts among nursing students. This study aimed to investigate undergraduate nursing students' problem-solving and communication skills.

Methods:
A cross-sectional correlational design was used. A sizeable convenient sample of 489 undergraduate nursing students was recruited from six nursing schools in Jordan. Data were collected using an online self-administered survey. The Arabic version of the Problem-Solving Inventory and a translated version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale were used. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The sample included 64.4% females. The mean total score of the problem-solving scale was 96.63 (SD=16.99). Gender, considering self as an initiative person, and negative attitude toward communication were significant negative predictors, while positive attitude toward communication was a positive predictor of nursing students' problem-solving skills.

Implications:
Educational programs that improve nursing students' attitudes toward communication and mental health courses that focus on positive personality traits are needed to improve nursing students' problem-solving skills.

Conclusion:
The results indicated a moderate level of problem-solving skills, a high level of positive attitudes toward communication skills, and a low level of negative attitudes toward communication skills among undergraduate nursing students.
Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Risk of Microvascular Complications Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Xue , Wan Zhenzhen , Geng Tingting , Zhu Kai , Li Rui , Lu Qi , Lin Xiaoyu , Liu Sen , Chen Liangkai , Guo Yanjun , Shan Zhilei , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Manson JoAnn E. , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Evidence is limited regarding the associations between vitamin D status and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), among whom vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is particularly common. In this study we aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with risk of diabetic microvascular complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This analysis included 14,709 participants with T2D who were free of microvascular complications from the UK Biobank. Incidence of diabetic microvascular complications was ascertained via electronic health records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS
Median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 40.7 nmol/L (interquartile range 27.5, 56.4). During a median of 11.2 years of follow-up, 1,370 people developed diabetic microvascular complications. Compared with participants with 25(OH)D &lt;25 nmol/L, individuals with 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L had a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.51, 0.84) for composite diabetic microvascular complications, 0.62 (0.40, 0.95) for diabetic retinopathy, 0.56 (0.40, 0.79) for diabetic nephropathy, and 0.48 (0.26, 0.89) for diabetic neuropathy. In addition, in comparisons with participants with 25(OH)D &lt;25 nmol/L and minor allele homozygotes (TT of rs1544410 and GG of rs731236), the multivariable-adjusted HRs of composite diabetic microvascular complications were 0.54 (0.38, 0.78) and 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) for participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and major allele homozygotes (CC and AA), respectively, although no significant interaction was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Our findings suggest a potential beneficial role of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in the prevention of diabetic microvascular complications.
Urban Protest. A Spatial Perspective on Kyiv, Minsk, and Moscow
Authors: Bedford Sofie 
Published: September 2022

I boken Urban Protest: A Spatial Perspective on Kyiv, Minsk, and Moscow utvecklas och testas ett teoretiskt ramverk för att kartlägga hur massprotester påverkas av den plats där de utspelar sig och den politiska kontexten. Modellen är gedigen och utan tvekan ett bra verktyg för att förstå hur en specifik plats bidrar till att möjliggöra eller begränsa protesters utveckling. Författaren borde nöjt sig med detta och inte strävat efter att modellen också ska förklara varför protester »lyckas» eller »misslyckas». En sådan kausalitet framställer, felaktigt, massprotester som någon slags demokratisk »quick fix» trots att politisk förändring i de allra flesta fall i stället är resultatet av en lång utvecklingsprocess.
Urban Protest: A Spatial Perspective on Kyiv, Minsk, and Moscow develops and tests a theoretical framework for mapping how mass protests are affected by the political context and the space in which they take place. This model provides a useful tool for understanding how a specific location contributes to facilitating or impeding a protest. However, the author should have stopped here, and not additionally tried to use the model to explain why protests 'succeed' or 'fail'. Such causality depicts mass protests as some kind of democratic 'quick fix – but, in the vast majority of cases, political change comes about as the result of a longer-term process.
Estimation of Audit Delay Determinants: Do Outliers and Asymptotic Properties Matter?
Authors: Ekundayo Gbenga , Jamani Ndubuisi Jeffery 
Published: September 2022

The overriding objective of the study is to empirically examine if outliers and asymptotic properties of estimators matter in the estimation of audit delay determinants. The study employed the ex-post causal research design and focuses on a sample of ten (10) listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Secondary data from the content analysis of annual reports spanning the period 2010-2019 was used for the study. The study investigates if outliers and asymptotic properties matter in estimation outcomes comparing the following estimators; the standard OLS, Bootstrapped OLS and Robust estimators. The outcome of the study revealed that the robust estimator yields results that are significantly different from those of both the OLS and Bootstrapped OLS estimations. This suggests that the failure to address outliers in standard OLS estimations can significantly bias the estimation outcome and may be responsible for the myriad of inconclusive outcomes observed in the extant academic literature. Hence, the study confirms that in the estimation of determinants of audit delay, the considerations of outliers indeed constitute a significant statistical consideration for researchers and even more germane than asymptotic concerns.
Factors of Success of Girls in The Faculties of The Public Universities of Togo
Authors: Yaou Tamégnon 
Published: September 2022

Girls have less access than boys to the educational system in Togo. At the primary level, they perform relatively less well than boys. In junior high school and high school, the few girls who remain in school have a success rate close to that of boys. At the university entrance, there is one (1) girl for every four (4) boys enrolled, however, they do better than the boys. What explains the performance of female students in Togo's public universities? This article aims at explaining the factors of success of girls in the said universities. Based on secondary data and a literature search, it was shown that girls enroll in large numbers in predominantly literary fields and do better than boys. In addition, the main factors favoring the success of girls are: social origin modulated by age and the field of study in which they enroll. Female students from disadvantaged social backgrounds are more resilient and their good academic performance is due to the support of their immediate social environment (parents, teachers, NGOs, etc.) and the global environment marked by the rise of feminism.
Morphogenetic Response of Assorted Rice Genotypes to Salinity in Tanzania
Authors: Sitta Barnabas , Kashenge Sophia , Lee Sang-Bok , Kyung-Ho Kang , Bulegeya Victoria , Batare Mbaraka , Mwakapala Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Salinity, where salts concentrate on the soil surface causing severe decline of crop yields, is a worldwide problem. In Tanzania salinity is one of the major soil degradation challenges affecting over 3.5 million hectares limiting agriculture productivity of various crops including rice. Most of the varieties grown are sensitive to salts and inadequate tolerant cultivars available in the country. A hydroponics mass screening technique using Yoshinda Solution was used to test the 102 genotypes in NaCl- saline treated and non-treated solution at Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI-Dakawa Centre). Different salt concentrations (4 dSm-1, 6 dSm-1, 8 dSm-1 and 10 dSm) were used and the experiment was done in three replications. The genotypic variability for salinity tolerance was observed as less salt injury symptoms, low Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratio in plant tissues and high biomass accumulation (fresh weight and dry weight). Results revealed further those 28 genotypes (28.45%) out of 102 showed tolerance to salinity, at high salinity level of 10dSm-1. Lines namely SR35266-2-18-2-1, SR35250-1-19-1-1, SR23364-128-1762-1-HV-1-1, SR35230-1-12-1-1, SR23364-128-1986-1-HV-1-1, SR34590-HB3433-4-1-1, SR35266-2-7-1-1, PBR1000922-1 and SR34053 (#5-52)-1-4-2-10-3-3 showed high performance under high salt conditions. Others includes SR35266-3-1-5-1, SR34574-2-10-3-1-2-1, SR35278-2-10-1-1, SR35250-2-3-1-1, SR35266-3-2-3-1, SR35266-3-2-4-1, SR23364-133-184-1-HV-1-1, SR34592-HB-1-HV-1, and SR34042F3-22-1-1-5-3 indicated tolerance to salt and had high dry matter as well. All the genotypes had increased levels of Na+ and differential performance was observed in some genotypes under saline and non-saline conditions. Among these three lines namely SR35266-2-7-1-1, SR23364-128-1762-1-HV-1-1, and SR34590- HB3433-4-1-1expressed high dilution ability as the K+ and Na+ concentrations were lower compared to other genotypes. The study, therefore, suggests that the lines can be used in breeding programs to develop varieties with potential to salt tolerance and other traits.
Simple but Exact Calculations of Spiral Galaxy Velocities Solely Based upon Observed Galactic Matter (An Alternative Model)
Authors: Noble Forrest W. , Cooper Timothy M. 
Published: September 2022

The model we are proposing, based upon our research, makes exact predictions of spiral galaxy velocity profiles (stellar velocities) solely based upon a galaxy’s observed galactic matter, totally contrary to the dark matter hypothesis. Making exact predictions for all symmetric spiral galaxies is something that no other model can do, based upon our research. Based on our preconceived hypothesis, the goal of our research was to correctly explain the reasons for observed spiral galaxy velocity profiles and to propose new equations, if needed, for such calculations. In contrast, our research has shown that dark matter proposals usually make very poor predictors of stellar velocities within spiral galaxies and elsewhere based upon assumptions of normal matter distribution. Another goal of our research was to explain increased velocities observed in galaxy clusters, and velocity anomalies within the observable universe, based on the same proposed mechanism. We also explain that modified-gravity models have their own problems relating to predictions of galaxy-cluster velocities and must also propose unseen, but known matter for these calculations. The alternative model being presented proposes what can be called background Field-Flow dynamics. Its unique Newtonian-style equations, and their exact predictions concerning all spiral galaxies studied and presented, we believe are very convincing evidence in support of this model and proposal.
A Study On the Local Weather Synthesis by The Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) Interpolation
Authors: Al Mohit Md. Abdul , Md. Towhiduzzaman  
Published: September 2022

In this study, a modified spatial interpolation method called Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) is used to analyze meteorological data around the Islamic University, Bangladesh. For the analysis of meteorological data, data were collected from different areas of Islamic University, Kushtia by the well-known portable weather meter Kestrel 3500 weather meter. For the synthesis of the observed data, an efficient solution to the problem of two dimensional interpolation from irregularly-spaced data points in order to anticipate and calculate the desired value, a non-uniform distribution of sample points is used. This method of research is used on some important parameters related to weather and the weather of the study area. A reasonable agreement with the observed and synthesis data of Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) interpolation was found in this study.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI METODE INKUIRI DI KELAS IV SDN 05 SUNGAI GERINGGING KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Pedriati Pedriati 
Published: September 2022

Based on the reflection and experience in SD Negeri 05 Sungai Geringging as a teacher in class fourth, of teaching mathematics is still conventional. The students are less motivated in the following study. The researchers interested in improving mathematics learning process through the implementation of action research using the method of inquiry. This research is a classroom action research (class action research), and used a qualitative approach. This study was conducted in two cycles, carried out by collaboration between researchers and fellow teachers. The research value in the form of information about the value results obtained from the actions of observation activity teachers and students, the first test and final test of learning. Subjects in this study is the fourth grade students of SDN 05 Sungai Geringging. The research results of the first cycle the average value of 7.36 or reach students reached 59%, while the second cycle students' average score increased to 9,27 or reach students reached 86.4%. Based on the observations seen improving student learning outcomes in the learning process. It can be concluded that by using the method of inquiry can improve student learning outcomes.
MODEL MANAJEMEN PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT (PKBM) DKI JAKARTA, BANTEN, DAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sufyati Sufyati , Sujud Atsari 
Published: September 2022

This research aims to design a management model in order to strengthen the capacity and creativity in the organization PKBM. The results of this first phase of research is in the form of a conceptual model that contains elements of management PKBM strengthening the capacity and creativity of the organization based on the diversity of local wisdom. Management model that the researchers expected, namely: 1) Strengthening the management capacity in the sense of empowering managers, both in the context of an individual and as a group. This concept can be done through training, seminars, workshops and the like. 2) Strengthening the capacity of the program carried out in the form of modification programs to be executed, the government and the entire program synergize PKBM components that include: educators, administrative staff, parents /guardians of prospective learners, potential learners, steakholder of business and industry. 3) Strengthening the overall value system by helping the target and make the rules among stakeholders PKBM accordance with local wisdom (local wisdom) each of which may be different between the CLC with each other. 4) Improve the empowerment of CLC through effectiveness and track record of alumni become an important part, it is the first step helps to build networks and partnerships PKBM strong in the future.
Evaluating possible genotoxicity of three feed additives recommended for aquaculture by using micronucleus test on Danio rerio erythrocytes
Authors: Kochetkov Nikita , Smorodinskaya Svetlana Valeryevna , Nikiforov-Nikishin Dmitry , Klimov Viktor Aleksandrovich , Golovacheva Natalya Alexeyevna , Nikiforov-Nikishin Aleksey Lvovich , Grozesku Yulia Nikolaevna 
Published: September 2022

Based on the internal study results there has been examined the effect of three feed additives of different functional status (butyric acid, organomineral chelate compounds, lycopene) on occurrence of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear anomalies (NA) in Danio rerio erythrocytes. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of butyric acid didn’t show any genotoxic effect throughout the experiment. The highest frequency of MN occurrence was recorded on the 5th day of the experiment at a concentration of 1 mg/l and amounted to 0.28%. When using organomineral chelate compounds in feed composition, it was also not found that the threshold values for the occurrence of MN (5/1 000 cells) were exceeded. Lycopene showed the pronounced antigenotoxic properties expressed in a decrease in the occurrence of MN and NA up to the control values, which is significantly lower than in testing other feed additives. The data obtained helped to find out that when using all the studied feed additives on the 5th day of the experiment the frequency of occurrence of NA significantly increased and then decreased to the control values. This effect may be explained by three factors: adaptation of fish to a new diet; increased erythropoiesis and greater number of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood; high affinity of the chelating agent with trace element ions. The biosafety tests of three feed additives on the Danio rerio model object showed the absence of a genotoxic effect
in the entire range of concentrations studied. Consequently, these functional additives can be recommended for including into food products.
Una monarquía en movimiento: embajadores indígenas en España durante el siglo XVI
Authors: Díaz Serrano Ana 
Published: September 2022

En las últimas décadas la historiografía ha desarrollado interesantes reflexiones en torno al funcionamiento de las entidades políticas que durante la Edad Moderna extendieron sus dominios a territorios ultramarinos. En la base de estas reflexiones ha estado el estudio de la circulación de personas y, con ellas, de objetos e ideas. Esto ha desplazado la atención sobre territorios extraeuropeos, que, como América, han pasado de ser receptáculos de lo europeo a ser pensados como vectores de movilidad. A su vez, ha permitido diversificar los perfiles de quienes se movieron o pudieron hacerlo y definir su papel en las primeras dinámicas globalizadoras. En este artículo exponemos los viajes a España que los principales de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala realizaron a lo largo del siglo XVI. Nuestro objetivo es ilustrar las particularidades de esta movilidad intercontinental y analizar cómo estos contactos multidireccionales y extendidos espacial y temporalmente articularon el gobierno de la monarquía hispánica a pesar de las distancias.