bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for anisotropic quenching in massive galaxy clusters at z ≈ 0.5
Authors: Stott John P 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A recent observational result finds that the quenching of satellites in groups at z = 0.08 has an angular dependence relative to the semimajor axis of the central galaxy. This observation is described as ‘anisotropic quenching’ or ‘angular conformity’. In this paper, I study the variation in the colour of a mass-limited sample of satellite galaxies relative to their angle from the major axis of the brightest cluster galaxy in the CLASH clusters up to z ∼ 0.5, 4 Gyr further in lookback time. The same result is found: galaxies close to the major axis are more quenched than those along the minor axis. I also find that the star-forming galaxies tend to avoid a region ±45○ from the major axis. This quenching signal is thought to be driven by AGN outflows along the minor axis, reducing the density of the intergalactic medium and thus the strength of ram pressure. Here, I will discuss potential alternative mechanisms. Finally, I note that the advent of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and Euclid surveys will allow for a more detailed study of this phenomenon and its evolution.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of intra-host variability in SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Pathak Ankit K , Mishra Gyan Prakash , Uppili Bharathram , Walia Safal , Fatihi Saman , Abbas Tahseen , Banu Sofia , Ghosh Arup , Kanampalliwar Amol , Jha Atimukta , Fatma Sana , Aggarwal Shifu , Dhar Mahesh Shanker , Marwal Robin , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman Srinivasan , Ponnusamy Kalaiarasan , Kabra Sandhya , Rakshit Partha , Bhoyar Rahul C , Jain Abhinav , Divakar Mohit Kumar , Imran Mohamed , Faruq Mohammed , Sowpati Divya Tej , Thukral Lipi , Raghav Sunil K , Mukerji Mitali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, large-scale genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has been useful in tracking its spread and in identifying variants of concern (VOC). Viral and host factors could contribute to variability within a host that can be captured in next-generation sequencing reads as intra-host single nucleotide variations (iSNVs). Analysing 1347 samples collected till June 2020, we recorded 16 410 iSNV sites throughout the SARS-CoV-2 genome. We found ∼42% of the iSNV sites to be reported as SNVs by 30 September 2020 in consensus sequences submitted to GISAID, which increased to ∼80% by 30th June 2021. Following this, analysis of another set of 1774 samples sequenced in India between November 2020 and May 2021 revealed that majority of the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Kappa (B.1.617.1) lineage-defining variations appeared as iSNVs before getting fixed in the population. Besides, mutations in RdRp as well as RNA-editing by APOBEC and ADAR deaminases seem to contribute to the differential prevalence of iSNVs in hosts. We also observe hyper-variability at functionally critical residues in Spike protein that could alter the antigenicity and may contribute to immune escape. Thus, tracking and functional annotation of iSNVs in ongoing genome surveillance programs could be important for early identification of potential variants of concern and actionable interventions.
Mechanistic decoupling of exonuclease III multifunctionality into AP endonuclease and exonuclease activities at the single-residue level
Authors: Lee Donghun , Oh Sanghoon , Cho HyeokJin , Yoo Jungmin , Lee Gwangrog 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacterial exonuclease III (ExoIII) is a multifunctional enzyme that uses a single active site to perform two conspicuous activities: (i) apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonuclease and (ii) 3′→5′ exonuclease activities. The AP endonuclease activity results in AP site incision, while the exonuclease activity results in the continuous excision of 3′ terminal nucleobases to generate a partial duplex for recruiting the downstream DNA polymerase during the base excision repair process (BER). The key determinants of functional selection between the two activities are poorly understood. Here, we use a series of mutational analyses and single-molecule imaging to unravel the pivotal rules governing these endo- and exonuclease activities at the single amino acid level. An aromatic residue, either W212 or F213, recognizes AP sites to allow for the AP endonuclease activity, and the F213 residue also participates in the stabilization of the melted state of the 3′ terminal nucleobases, leading to the catalytically competent state that activates the 3′→5′ exonuclease activity. During exonucleolytic cleavage, the DNA substrate must be maintained as a B-form helix through a series of phosphate-stabilizing residues (R90, Y109, K121 and N153). Our work decouples the AP endonuclease and exonuclease activities of ExoIII and provides insights into how this multifunctional enzyme controls each function at the amino acid level.
Higher-dimensional polytopal universe in Regge calculus
Authors: Tsuda Ren , Fujiwara Takanori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The higher-dimensional closed Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) universe with a positive cosmological constant is investigated by Regge calculus. A Cauchy surface of the discretized FLRW universe is replaced by a regular polytope in accordance with the Collins–Williams formalism. Polytopes in arbitrary dimensions can be systematically dealt with by a set of five integers integrating the Schläfli symbol of the polytope. The Regge action in the continuum time limit is given. It possesses reparameterization invariance of the time variable. The variational principle for edge lengths and struts yields a Hamiltonian constraint and an evolution equation. They describe an oscillating universe in dimensions larger than three. To go beyond the approximation by regular polytopes, we propose pseudo-regular polytopes with fractional Schläfli symbols as a substitute for geodesic domes in higher dimensions. We examine the pseudo-regular polytope model as an effective theory of Regge calculus for the geodesic domes. In the infinite frequency limit, the pseudo-regular polytope model reduces to the continuum FLRW universe.
Can Environmental Policy Encourage Technical Change? Emissions Taxes and R&D Investment in Polluting Firms
Authors: Brown James R , Martinsson Gustav , Thomann Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Higher country taxes on noxious manufacturing emissions lead to substantial increases in firms’ R&D spending. The R&D response is entirely driven by those high-pollution firms most affected by emissions taxes. Pollution taxes increase the marginal value of R&D spending in polluting firms, even when this spending does not lead to new innovation. Pollution taxes have the strongest effect on R&D investment in sectors in which new invention is difficult to appropriate and outside knowledge is easier to acquire, suggesting an important reason dirty firms invest in R&D is to expand their capacity to absorb external knowledge and technical know-how.
Sleep deficiency in spaceflight is associated with degraded neurobehavioral functions and elevated stress in astronauts on six-month missions aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Jones Christopher W , Basner Mathias , Mollicone Daniel J , Mott Christopher M , Dinges David F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Astronauts are required to maintain optimal neurobehavioral functioning despite chronic exposure to the stressors and challenges of spaceflight. Sleep of adequate quality and duration is fundamental to neurobehavioral functioning, however astronauts commonly experience short sleep durations in spaceflight (&lt;6 h). As humans embark on long-duration space exploration missions, there is an outstanding need to identify the consequences of sleep deficiency in spaceflight on neurobehavioral functions. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study that examined the sleep-wake behaviors, neurobehavioral functions, and ratings of stress and workload of N = 24 astronauts before, during, and after 6-month missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The computerized, Reaction SelfTest (RST), gathered astronaut report of sleep–wake behaviors, stress, workload, and somatic behavioral states; the RST also objectively assessed vigilant attention (i.e. Psychomotor Vigilance Test-Brief). Data collection began 180 days before launch, continued every 4 days in-flight aboard the ISS, and up to 90 days post-landing, which produced N = 2,856 RSTs. Consistent with previous ISS studies, astronauts reported sleeping ~6.5 h in-flight. The adverse consequences of short sleep were observed across neurobehavioral functions, where sleep durations &lt;6 h were associated with significant reductions in psychomotor response speed, elevated stress, and higher workload. Sleep durations &lt;5 h were associated with elevated negative somatic behavioral states. Furthermore, longer sleep durations had beneficial effects on astronaut neurobehavioral functions. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of sleep for the maintenance of neurobehavioral functioning and as with humans on Earth, astronauts would likely benefit from interventions that promote sleep duration and quality.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of suvorexant for the treatment of vasomotor symptom-associated insomnia disorder in midlife women
Authors: Rahman Shadab A , Nathan Margo D , Wiley Aleta , Crawford Sybil , Cohn Aviva Y , Harder Jessica A , Grant Leilah K , Erickson Athena , Srivastava Akanksha , McCormick Kathleen , Bertisch Suzanne M , Winkelman John W , Joffe Hadine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe neuropeptide orexin promotes wakefulness, modulates thermoregulation, increases after menopause, and is normalized in women receiving estrogen therapy, suggesting a role for orexin antagonism as a treatment for the vasomotor symptom (VMS)-associated insomnia disorder. We tested the efficacy of the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant for chronic insomnia related to nighttime VMS.MethodsIn a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 56 women with chronic insomnia associated with nighttime VMS, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ≥15, and &gt;30 min of diary-rated wake after sleep-onset (WASO) were randomized to receive oral suvorexant 10–20 mg (n = 27) or placebo (n = 29) nightly for 4 weeks. Analysis of within-person change in ISI was adjusted for baseline ISI and race.ResultsMean baseline ISI scores were 18.1 (95% CI, 16.8 to 19.4) and 18.3 (95% CI, 17.2 to 19.5) in the suvorexant and placebo groups, respectively (p = .81). The average 4-week ISI within-person decrease from baseline was greater on suvorexant (−8.1 [95% CI, −10.2 to −6.0]) compared to placebo (−5.6 [95% CI, −7.4 to −3.9], p = .04). Compared to placebo, nighttime diary-rated VMS frequency was significantly reduced with suvorexant (p &lt; .01). While diary-rated WASO and total sleep time trended toward improvement on suvorexant, findings were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Daytime VMS and other sleep-related outcomes did not differ between groups. Suvorexant was well tolerated.ConclusionThese results suggest that suvorexant is likely a well-tolerated and efficacious treatment for VMS-associated insomnia disorder and reduces nighttime VMS. Antagonism of orexin receptors could provide a novel therapeutic option for midlife women with VMS-associated chronic insomnia.Clinical Trial InformationEfficacy of Suvorexant in the Treatment of Hot Flash-associated Insomnia, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03034018, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03034018.
Dyscoordination of non-rapid eye movement sleep oscillations in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Mylonas Dimitrios , Machado Sasha , Larson Olivia , Patel Rudra , Cox Roy , Vangel Mark , Maski Kiran , Stickgold Robert , Manoach Dara S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesConverging evidence from neuroimaging, sleep, and genetic studies suggest that dysregulation of thalamocortical interactions mediated by the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep spindles assay TRN function, and their coordination with cortical slow oscillations (SOs) indexes thalamocortical communication. These oscillations mediate memory consolidation during sleep. In the present study, we comprehensively characterized spindles and their coordination with SOs in relation to memory and age in children with ASD.MethodsNineteen children and adolescents with ASD, without intellectual disability, and 18 typically developing (TD) peers, aged 9–17, completed a home polysomnography study with testing on a spatial memory task before and after sleep. Spindles, SOs, and their coordination were characterized during stages 2 (N2) and 3 (N3) non-rapid eye movement sleep.ResultsASD participants showed disrupted SO-spindle coordination during N2 sleep. Spindles peaked later in SO upstates and their timing was less consistent. They also showed a spindle density (#/min) deficit during N3 sleep. Both groups showed significant sleep-dependent memory consolidation, but their relations with spindle density differed. While TD participants showed the expected positive correlations, ASD participants showed the opposite.ConclusionsThe disrupted SO-spindle coordination and spindle deficit provide further evidence of abnormal thalamocortical interactions and TRN dysfunction in ASD. The inverse relations of spindle density with memory suggest a different function for spindles in ASD than TD. We propose that abnormal sleep oscillations reflect genetically mediated disruptions of TRN-dependent thalamocortical circuit development that contribute to the manifestations of ASD and are potentially treatable.
Effect of zinc sources and experimental conditions on zinc balance in growing wethers
Authors: Lee Chanhee , Copelin Jacob E , Socha Mike T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with growing wethers to evaluate apparent excretion and retention of Zn from various sources. In experiments 1 and 2, Zn-ethylene diamine (ZE), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used and ZnSO4 (ZS), ZHYD, ZAA, and ZG were used in experiment 3. In experiment 1, eight wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. In experiments 2 and 3, 40 wethers were used in a randomized block design. In experiment 1, each period (total four periods) consisted of 14-d diet adaptation and 4 d of total collection of feces and urine. In experiments 2 and 3, wethers received a basal diet for 14 d and received experimental diets for 9 d (diet adaptation), followed by 4 d of total collection of feces and urine. Total collection was conducted in wooden metabolic cages. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a Latin square design for experiment 1 and a completed randomized block design for experiments 2 and 3. In all experiments, dry matter intake did not differ among treatments except that it tended to be different in experiment 2. In experiment 1, no difference in Zn excretion (88%) and retention (11%) as proportion of Zn intake was observed among Zn sources. In experiment 2, total tract digestibility of crude protein was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZAA than ZE and ZG (82.0% vs. 79.1% and 77.8%, respectively) and greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZHYD than ZG (80.2% vs. 77.8%). However, total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was low (on average 16%) for all treatments with no difference among treatments in experiment 2. Apparent excretion and retention of Zn as proportion of Zn intake did not differ among treatments, and Zn retention (~1.4% of Zn intake) was very low for all treatments. In experiment 3, ZHYD and ZAA had greater retention of Zn (17.8% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.01) than ZG. Fecal Zn excretion was greater (97.3% vs. 81.2%; P = 0.01) for ZG vs. ZHYD and ZAA, and Zn retention for ZG was only 1.5% of Zn intake. In conclusion, potential increases in Zn absorption and retention were observed for ZHYD and ZAA compared with ZS and ZG in experiment 3 and these differences were not found in experiments 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used a Latin square design and experiment 2 used a diet containing largely undigestible fiber. These experimental conditions may have affected Zn metabolism in wethers. Inconsistent results on Zn balance for ZG among the experiments warrant further studies regarding its bioavailability.
Minimum Esophageal Resection Length to Ensure Negative Proximal Margin in Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Koterazawa Yasufumi , Ohashi Manabu , Hayami Satoshi , Kumagai Koshi , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To identify the minimum length of esophageal resection to ensure a pathologically negative proximal margin (PM) in total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background:
In total gastrectomy, a certain esophageal length is resected to obtain a pathologically negative PM because of the possibility of unexpected pathological esophageal invasion. However, a recommendation regarding the esophageal transection site in total gastrectomy has not been established.

Methods:
The data of patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 2005 to 2018 were collected. We evaluated the length of unexpected pathological esophageal invasion (esophageal ΔPM) in each type of disease and each location of the gross proximal tumor boundary (PB) using the length between the PB and the esophagogastric junction (PB-EGJ length).

Results:
Of the 1005 patients eligible for this study, 277, 196, and 532 had cT1, cT2–4 expansive (Exp), and cT2–4 infiltrative (Inf) growth patterns, respectively. In cT1 and Exp, no unexpected pathological esophageal invasion occurred when the PB-EGJ length was >1 cm, whereas pathological esophageal invasion occurred in 20.0% of cT1 and 32.7% of Exp when the PB-EGJ length was ≤1 cm. The esophageal ΔPM was <1 cm. In Inf, no unexpected pathological esophageal invasion occurred when the PB-EGJ length was >3 cm, whereas pathological esophageal invasion occurred in 17.4% of patients when the PB-EGJ length was ≤3 cm. The esophageal ΔPM was <2 cm.

Conclusions:
New recommendations regarding the esophageal resection length required to ensure a pathologically negative PM in total gastrectomy are herein proposed.
Quantifying Skin Removal During a Face-lift: Does the Approach Matter?
Authors: Fezza John P. , Woodward Julie 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of skin removed around the ears during a face-lift procedure. The secondary metric assessed skin removal comparing different face-lift techniques of SMASectomy versus deep plane approach and lastly comparing with and without midline corset platysmaplasty (MCP).

METHODS
One hundred fifty consecutive face-lift patients were measured for skin removal at 3 cardinal locations in the postauricular, preauricular, and temple regions. Measurements were quantitated and compared statistically with different face-lift techniques.

RESULTS
The average skin removal in the postauricular area was 4 cm, the preauricular area was 2.4 cm, and the temple 1.9 cm. There was no difference in skin removal comparing SMASectomy and deep plane face-lift. There was a small but significant difference when MCP was performed, with more skin removal with MCP.

CONCLUSION
Quantifying the amount of skin removal during a face-lift procedure provides surgeons and patients important information. There was no difference when comparing the simpler SMASectomy technique with the more invasive deep plane technique.
Intensive Daily Symptom and Function Monitoring Is Feasible and Acceptable to Women Undergoing First-Line Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Campbell Grace B. , Belcher Sarah M. , Lee Young Ji , Courtney-Brooks Madeleine , Bovbjerg Dana H. , Bizhanova Zhadyra , Donovan Heidi S. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Women receiving chemotherapy for gynecologic cancer (GC) experience severe symptoms with associated functional changes. Understanding day-to-day symptom and function variation within and across chemotherapy treatment cycles could inform improved symptom management, but such studies are rare and may be infeasible in clinical care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of daily symptom monitoring combined with objective and self-reported functional assessments every 21 days during active chemotherapy for GC.

Methods
Thirty women enrolled in a prospective observational study during first-line chemotherapy completed a daily symptom and falls diary during their entire chemotherapy treatment period. Patient-reported outcomes and objective symptom and function testing were assessed before each chemotherapy appointment. Study outcomes included accrual and attrition rates, completion of study assessments, and qualitative perceptions of study participation.

Results
Participants were 92% White, 60% had high school or higher education, 68% were married/partnered, and 62% had stage III or IV cancer at diagnosis. The study had an 83% accrual rate, 6.6% early withdrawal rate, and 17% total attrition rate. Missing assessments for prechemotherapy patient-reported outcomes and objective assessments ranged from 27% to 35% and 35% to 47% respectively, with a general decrease across cycles. Daily diary completion rate was 83% overall. Participants rated study participation positively.

Conclusions
Intensive daily symptom and function monitoring was feasible and acceptable to GC patients and may provide a sense of symptom controllability.

Implications for Practice
Daily symptom and function monitoring in research studies may provide patients with information to support symptom discussions with the clinical team. Future work should develop proactive symptom management interventions using personalized symptom trajectories.
Identifying Potentially Preventable Reasons Nurses Intend to Leave a Job
Authors: Taylor-Clark Tanekkia M. , Swiger Pauline A. , Anusiewicz Colleen V. , Loan Lori A. , Olds Danielle M. , Breckenridge-Sproat Sara T. , Raju Dheeraj , Patrician Patricia A. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe the relationships between intent to leave, reasons nurses intend to leave, and the nursing work environment in military hospitals.

BACKGROUND
Intention to leave is a precursor of nurse turnover. The reasons nurses intend to leave may be influenced by leader interventions and potentially preventable.

METHODS
This descriptive, correlational secondary analysis included 724 nurse survey responses from 23 US Army hospitals. Bivariate correlations and predictive modeling techniques were used.

RESULTS
Forty-nine percent of nurses indicated they intended to leave, 44% for potentially preventable reasons. Dissatisfaction with management and the nursing work environment were the top potentially preventable reasons to leave. Nurses who intended to leave for potentially preventable reasons scored aspects of the nursing work environment significantly lower than those intending to leave for nonpreventable reasons.

CONCLUSIONS
Identifying potentially preventable reasons in conjunction with intent to leave can provide leaders opportunities to intervene and influence turnover intention.
False-Positive Radioiodine Uptake From an Intracranial Surgical Clip
Authors: Walsh James P. , Sims Justin B. , Iranpour Pooya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 73-year-old man with papillary thyroid cancer underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral neck dissections. He was subsequently treated with 131I. The posttherapy scan showed radioiodine uptake at the left supraorbital region, which localized to a metallic surgical clip. There was no evidence of metastasis in this area. This is not a commonly reported finding. Knowledge of this false-positive finding can help avoid unnecessary workup and treatment.