bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between abnormal fetal head growth and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Regev O. , Cohen G. , Hadar A. , Meiri G. , Flusser H. , Michaelovski A. , Dinstein I. , Hershkovitz R. , Menashe I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite evidence for the prenatal onset of abnormal head growth in ASD children, studies on fetal ultrasound data in ASD are limited and controversial.ObjectivesTo understand whether people with ASD have abnormal head growth during gestationMethodsA longitudinal matched case-sibling-control study on prenatal ultrasound biometric measures of ASD children was conducted. Children with ASD were matched to two control groups: (1) typically developed sibling (TDS) and (2) typically developed population (TDP). The cohort comprised 528 children (72.7% males): 174 ASD, 178 TDS, and 176 TDP.ResultsSecond-trimester ASD and TDS fetuses had significantly smaller biparietal diameter (BPD) than TDP fetuses (aORzBPD=0.685, 95%CI=0.527-0.890 and aORzBPD=0.587, 95%CI=0.459-0.751, respectively). However, these differences became statistically indistinguishable in the third trimester. Head biometric measures were associated with the sex of the fetus, with males having larger heads than females within and across groups. A linear mixed-effect model assessing the effects of sex and group assignment on fetal longitudinal head growth indicated faster BPD growth in TDS vs both ASD and TDP in males (β=0.084 and β=0.100 respectively; p<0.001) but not in females, suggesting an ASD–sex interaction in head growth during gestation. Fetal head shape showed sex-specific characteristics, and head growth was inversely correlated with ASD severity in males and females, thus further supporting the sex effect on the association between fetal head growth and ASD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that abnormal fetal head growth is a familial trait of ASD, which is modulated by sex and is associated with the severity of the disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effects of substance misuse and family history of substance use disorder on brain structure in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls
Authors: Novi M. , Paraskevopoulou M. , Rooij D. Van , Schene A. , Buitelaar J. , Schellekens A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLiterature shows overlapping alterations in brain structure in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. It is unclear to what extent family history (trait) effects and/or substance misuse (state) effects explain the observed overlap.ObjectivesOur aim was to examine the effects of (i) SUD family history (FH) and (ii) substance misuse on brain structure in ADHD.MethodsWe compared structural MRI data (cortical thickness; subcortical volumes) between (i) ADHD subjects and controls with or without FH (ADHD-FH+: n=139; ADHD-FH-: n=86; controls-FH+: n=60; controls-FH-: n=74), and (ii) FH-matched ADHD groups with and without substance misuse and controls (ADHD+SM, ADHD-only and controls, n=68 per group). Furthermore, we explored whether FH effects were more pronounced in subjects with SUD in both parents (n=63) compared to subjects with one SUD parent (n=105) and without FH (n=160).ResultsThere was no main FH effect on brain structure. ADHD+SM showed decreased CT in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to controls, while no difference was found between ADHD-only and ADHD+SM or controls. Subjects with SUD in both parents showed decreased thickness of IFG and volume of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), compared to those with one SUD parent.ConclusionsSubstance misuse in ADHD might result in smaller IFG, which is in line with findings in SUD-literature. A contribution of premorbid alterations, due to FH, could not be ruled out, particularly for IFG thickness. Future studies should further investigate the potential role of these regions in treatment and prevention strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The effects of recreational use of marijuana in adolescent brain health: A review
Authors: Kurnijuanto G. , Kantohe T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMarijuana is widely used among people, recreationally and medically. However, recent studies have shown that Marijuana has negative effects on brain structures and functions.ObjectivesTo discuss the effects of Marijuana use on brain development in adolescence.MethodsThe method that is used in this study is literature review, through analyzing and summarizing the data that were collected from PubMed, epidemiology articles from BNN and CDC, and other online journals to understand the effects of Marijuana on the brain development in adolescence. There were 25499 articles that were filtered and screened resulting in 10 articles that were used as data of this literature review.ResultsMarijuana effects on the brain are divided into structural changes and functional changes. Structural changes are seen in the brain hemispheres, amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens. While functional changes are seen in behavioral and cognitive changes in everyday life and even psychotic disorders.ConclusionsMarijuana use has shown negative effects on the human body, organs that are rich in cannabinoid receptors, especially the Brain. Therefore, Marijuana use among adolescents may disrupt their developing brain, and cause adolescents to have structural and functional changes in the brain.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Predictive biomarkers for negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Cakici N. , Haan L. De , Beveren N. Van 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIncreasing evidence shows that impaired neuroplasticity and high inflammation play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Prospective studies demonstrated that patients with high inflammation usually have a poor treatment response and clinical practice learns that negative symptoms are challenging to treat. The predictive value of biomarkers for negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia has sparsely been explored.ObjectivesHere, we investigated whether biomarkers are associated with negative symptoms at baseline, and whether biomarkers could predict negative symptoms after six years in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe investigated serum biomarkers in an epidemiological study on schizophrenia (N, baseline=110; N, follow-up=65). Negative symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Biomarkers (N=189) were measured with a multi-analyte profiling platform and analysed using linear regression models, adjusted for site, age, gender, ethnicity, anti-inflammatory agents, smoking, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and adjusted for multiple comparisons (q, Benjamini-Hochberg procedure).ResultsIn particular, decreased platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (responsible for proliferation of oligodendrocytes) was associated with more negative symptoms at baseline and follow-up (figure). Several other biomarkers associated with inflammation, neuroplasticity and metabolism correlated with the severity of negative symptoms cross-sectionally and/or prospectively. Figure. Biomarkers for Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.ConclusionsAlthough our sample size at follow-up was limited, we feel that these analyses contribute to further research of possible predictive biomarkers for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. During the conference we will elaborate our findings with applied machine learning techniques which might shed more light on the predictive value of biomarkers for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Correlation of neurotrophic and neuropsychological parameters in alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sidenkova A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology that develops mainly in elderly and senile people. Disruption of BDNF transport or suppression of its production appears to be typical for people of old age.ObjectivesObjective: To investigate the influence of Alzheimer’s disease on the secretion of brain factors and correlate with neuropsychological profiles.Methods12 men (2) and women (10) with Alzheimer’s disease were examined. The average age of the subjects was 76.25 + 4.89. Methods: MMSE, ADAS-COG, laboratory - BDNF was performed using the G7611 BDNF Emax (R) ImmunoAssaySystem 5 x 96 wells, BDNF Emax® Immunological test.Results2 patients have mild dementia, 8 patients have moderate dementia, 2 patients have severe dementia. The average age of patients with mild dementia was 72.0 + 1.0. The average MMSE score is 16.7 + 3.4. Correlation analysis showed a close relationship between a pronounced decrease in memory in memory tests (ADAS-COG) and a pronounced decrease in blood BDNF content (r = 0.676). A close statistically significant relationship was found between a low result of the recognition test and a low blood BDNF content (r = 0.598).Conclusionswe assume that blood BDNF is a marker of pathologically accelerated aging of the central nervous system, since low test results for mnestic function are an indicator of severe degeneration in Alzheimer’s diseaseDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Modeling the appearance and progression of cognitive impairment
Authors: Mainguy B. , Mehl-Madrona L. , Ruben D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt remains difficult to predict which individuals will develop cognitive impairment and progress to major neurocognitive disorders. Prevention studies suffer from the long time frames and the manner in which this topic does not lend itself to randomized, double-blinded controlled trials.ObjectivesWe aimed to construct a computer simulation model that would accurate portray the time course for a series of individuals to develop cognitive impairment and to progress to major neurocognitive disorder.MethodsWe built a computer simulation model that incorporated the role of exercise, genetic load, age, quality of diet, presence of diabetes and level of hemoglobin A1C, ongoing levels of cognitive stimulation, presence or absence of micronutrients, presence or absence of other co-morbidities, an overall general health index, levels of smoking and other substance use, and family history. We modeled the life course of 10 individuals, adjusting parameters to make correct predictions for all 10 people. Then we entered the data from another 10 people to determine how accurate the model would be with ten new individuals for whom it had not been developed.ResultsWe defined success as a prediction of onset within 10% of the actual date and a prediction of the slope of the trend within 20%. We had 7 successes. We were able to engage 6 of the 10 in interacting with the model to change health behaviors.ConclusionsComputer simulation modeling may provide an opportunity to study the long-term effects of health behaviors and to engage people in interacting with the program to change behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Study retention prediction with AI
Authors: Mereu A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOpenness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are dimensional personality traits known as the Big Five. Study attrition is a common but often hard to anticipate problem. Artificial intelligence (AI) could examine both fronts to mitigate the unpredictability of the latter.ObjectivesTo investigate whether AI could predict study attrition employing personality traits scores.MethodsData from 2,697 questionnaires were analysed using an AI. The short form of the International Personality Item Pool was used to assess the Big Five personality traits on the first of three planned waves. The personality traits scores were employed to predict the missing of at least one wave. Overall attrition was 17.6%. The AI was conservatively tuned to minimize the negative likelihood ratio when confronting predicted and real attrition. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Hansson, Isabelle; Berg, Anne Ingeborg; Thorvaldsson, Valgeir (2018), “Can personality predict longitudinal study attrition? Evidence from a population-based sample of older adults”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/g3jx8zt2t9.1ResultsPredictions obtained a negative likelihood ratio of 0.333 and a negative predictive value of 0.933. The results were indicative of fair performance.ConclusionsAI might be useful to predict study retention. Furthermore, the results of this study might indicate a moderate effect of the Big Five on the probability of study retention. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pharmacogenetic drug use in young danish individuals with severe mental disorders
Authors: Lunenburg C. , Ishtiak-Ahmed K. , Werge T. , Gasse C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPharmacogenetics (PGx) studies genetic variance and related differences in drug outcomes. PGx guidelines for psychotropic drugs are available (PGx drugs), but PGx testing is used only limitedly in psychiatric clinical practice.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to pinpoint different aspects of PGx drug use in the population, to support clinical uptake of PGx.MethodsThis drug utilization study investigated prescription PGx drug use in 56,065 young individuals with different severe mental disorders (SMD) in the Danish iPSYCH sample (born 1981-2005). We investigated the number of PGx drug users (incidence, prevalence), age (at first PGx drug use), sex, multiple PGx drugs per user (in light of panel-based PGx testing) and concomitant use of PGx drugs (in light of combinatorial PGx testing).ResultsWe identified substantial PGx drug use in terms of incidence rates (e.g. 333 per 10,000 person years for the anticonvulsant lamotrigine) and prevalence (e.g. 15,260 users for the antidepressant citalopram) in patients with SMD. The age of first time PGx drug use ranged from 11.6-20 years, depending on SMD and sex. On average, more than one PGx drug was used by a single person (range 1.6-5.6 drugs, depending on SMD) or even used concomitantly (41-69%) affecting mostly two different PGx genes (84-92% of concomitant PGx drug users).ConclusionsPGx drugs were frequently used in young individuals with SMD, often subsequently and concomitantly, arguing for panel-based/combinatorial PGx testing over single-gene testing. PGx testing could be applied already at a very young age.DisclosureWe thank the iPSYCH consortium, in specific the iPSYCH PI’s (Merete Nordentoft, Anders Børglum, Preben B. Mortensen, Ole Mors, Thomas Werge and David M. Hougaard). The iPSYCH project is funded by the Lundbeck Foundation Denmark and the universities and un
Identification of robust and interpretable brain signatures of autism and clinical symptom severity using a dynamic time-series deep neural network
Authors: Supekar K. , Ryali S. , Yuan R. , Kumar D. , De Los Angeles C. , Menon V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most common and pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, despite decades of research, the neurobiology of ASD is still poorly understood, as inconsistent findings preclude the identification of robust and interpretable neurobiological markers and predictors of clinical symptoms.ObjectivesIdentify robust and interpretable dynamic brain markers that distinguish children with ASD from typically-developing (TD) children and predict clinical symptom severity.MethodsWe leverage multiple functional brain imaging cohorts (ABIDE, Stanford; N = 1004) and exciting recent advances in explainable artificial intelligence (xAI), to develop a novel multivariate time series deep neural network model that extracts informative brain dynamics features that accurately distinguish between ASD and TD children, and predict clinical symptom severity.ResultsOur model achieved consistently high classification accuracies in cross-validation analysis of data from the ABIDE cohort. Crucially, despite the differences in symptom profiles, age, and data acquisition protocols, our model also accurately classified data from an independent Stanford cohort without additional training. xAI analyses revealed that brain features associated with the default mode network, and the human voice/face processing and communication systems, most clearly distinguished ASD from TD children in both cohorts. Furthermore, the posterior cingulate cortex emerged as robust predictor of the severity of social and communication deficits in ASD in both cohorts.ConclusionsOur findings, replicated across two independent cohorts, reveal robust and neurobiologically interpretable brain features that detect ASD and predict core phenotypic features of ASD, and have the potential to transform our understanding of the etiology and treatment of the disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Home environment as a factor in maintaining the mental health of the individual in the family
Authors: Gutkevich E. , Shalygina E. , Maltseva Y. , Vladimirova S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe relevance of studying the characteristics of the home environment of a person with mental health problems is determined by the need to identify the resources of the individual and the family to form multilevel adaptive competencies aimed at maintaining mental health.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to obtain standardized assessments of attitudes towards the home environment, towards the home as a place of functioning of the family with mental patients.MethodsThe study involved 12 patients aged 21-60 years diagnosed according to ICD-10 F2 with the disease duration of more than 1 year and readmission. Methods used were experimental psychological questionnaire “My home” (Reznichenko, Nartova-Bochaver, Kuznetsova, 2016), mathematical statisticsResultsThe test results showed that the average score for the “strength of significance of the home for its inhabitants” across the data set was 4.14, which differed from the average value of 3.73.ConclusionsThe psychological foundations of attachment can be associated with a variety of facts, including the frequent absence of patients outside the home environment during readmission periods. The home environment can be a complex of positive feelings and experiences in relation to the home as a personally significant place. The study revealed some of the psychological traits of the subjective attitude to home, which can become indicators of psychological adaptation in persons with mental disorders in the future. Reznichenko S.I., Nartova-Bochaver S.K., Kuznetsova V.B. (2016) Home Attachment Assessment Method. Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 13(3): 498-518.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients
Authors: Kurtulmus A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA growing body of evidence in both chronic and first-episode schizophrenia report increased expression of pro-inflammatory substances in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients. However, there is not much data in the literature on immune alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) of the patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate inflammatory aberrancies in patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) and healthy controls.Methods50 chronic, stable schizophrenia patients, 42 FDRs and 40 healthy subjects with no family history (HCSs) were recruited to the study. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a and CRP levels were measured. Complete blood counts, fasting glucose and lipid levels were analyzed and neutrofil-lymohocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated.ResultsThere was a significant group difference in all cytokine levels after controlling for age, gender, smoking status, comorbid medical diseases, BMI and blood glucose and tyrigliseride levels (p<.001). FDRs showed significantly higher serum levels of cytokines than HCs, in the same way as the corresponding schizophrenia patients but a lower level. Pairwaise comparisions revealed that the differences were significant between each group after controlling for confounders (p<.001 for all comparisons). However, NLR and CRP levels were not different between groups.ConclusionsOur results support the role of inflammatory aberrancies in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The finding of abnormal cytokine levels both in schizophrenic patients and FDRs indicates that such immunological alterations are not exclusive to the patients and can be possible endophenotypes for the disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Relationship between internalizing and externalizing symptoms trajectories and perinatal risk factors in an epidemiological sample: Preliminary results from the remind project
Authors: Grazioli S. , Rosi E. , Villa F. , Mauri M. , Brambilla P. , Bonivento C. , Molteni M. , Nobile M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOur 15-years follow-up ReMIND project aims to re-assess an epidemiological and a clinical sample of adults (Wave 3), who were assessed in preadolescence (Wave 1) and adolescence (Wave 2), to evaluate symptoms trajectories and their relationship with genetic/epigenetic data, environmental risk factors and neuroimaging measures.ObjectivesHere, we depict preliminary results regarding the epidemiological sample.MethodsWe assessed internalizing and externalizing symptoms in 40 italian subjects (25 F) from general population at three waves (W1 mean age: 12±0,82; W2 mean age: 17±0,88, W3 mean age: 28±1), through the Child Behavior Checklist (W1 and W2) or the Adult Self Report (W3), and perinatal risk factors through a socio-anamnestic questionnaire, by a new online platform (MedicalBit). We analyzed symptoms trajectories and their relation with perinatal risk factors through a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (rm-MANOVA).Resultsrm-MANOVA results show that high number of perinatal risks was significantly associated with higher internalizing symptomatology in preadolescence but not in adolescence and adult life. The mean difference was 8 T-points. The same trend is evident in adolescence but not in adult age (Graph 1). Perinatal risk factors did not have a significant effect on externalizing symptoms at any time point, despite a non-significant trend is evident (Graph 2).ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest a trend of increased internalizing symptoms from childhood to adulthood and a significant role of perinatal risk factors in pre-adolescence. Further investigations are necessary to better understand symptoms trajectories and the role of biological and environmental factors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.