bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited CD19 deficiency impairs signaling in plasma cells
Authors: Walker Kieran , Mistry Anoop , Watson Christopher M , Nadat Fatima , Crinnion Laura A , Arumugakani Gururaj , Bonthron David T , Carter Clive , Doody Gina M , Savic Sinisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The human CD19 antigen is expressed throughout B cell ontogeny with the exception of neoplastic plasma cells and a subset of normal plasma cells. CD19 plays a role in propagating signals from the B cell receptor and other receptors such as CXCR4 in mature B cells. Studies of CD19-deficient patients have confirmed its function during the initial stages of B cell activation, however its role in the later stages of B cell differentiation is unclear. Objective: Using B cells from a newly identified CD19-deficient individual, we investigated the role of CD19 in the generation and function of plasma cells using an in vitro differentiation model.Methods: Flow cytometry and long-read nanopore sequencing using locus-specific long-range amplification products were used to screen a patient with suspected primary immunodeficiency. Purified B cells from the patient and healthy controls were activated with CD40L, IL-21, IL-2 and anti-Ig, then transferred to different cytokine conditions to induce plasma cell differentiation. Subsequently, the cells were stimulated with CXCL12 to induce signalling through CXCR4. Phosphorylation of key downstream proteins including ERK and AKT was assessed by Western blotting.Results: Long-read nanopore sequencing identified the homozygous pathogenic mutation c.622del (p.Ser208Profs*19) which was corroborated by the lack of CD19 cell surface staining. CD19-deficient B cells generate phenotypically normal plasma cells with normal levels of CXCR4, however they have an altered response to CXCL12 resulting in a loss of ERK signalling. Additionally, CD19 ligation on normal plasma cells results in AKT phosphorylation.Conclusion: CD19 is not required for generation of antibody secreting cells but may alter responses of these populations to CXCL12 and direct CD19 ligands, potentially affecting localisation, proliferation, or survival.
Role of Copper Slag on improvement of Strength, Quality and Durability of High strength Self Compacting Concrete- An Industrial Waste
Authors: Arunchaitanya Sambangi , E Arunakanthi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper aims at the experimental study of durability properties and long term mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete with fly ash as secondary cementitious material and copper slag as inert material. Cement replaced with fly ash at 20% level and fine aggregate replaced with copper slag at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Eleven different mixes were prepared to assess the durability properties like RCPT, Sorptivity, UPV. The microstructure of SCC was observed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). Mechanical properties like compressive, split tensile, and flexure strength at the ages of 28, 90, 180, and 360 days was evaluated. All mechanical properties were enhanced with the use of copper slag. Copper slag improved the resistance against chloride penetration. 40% copper slag partial replacement enhanced the properties of self-compacting concrete, and up to 60% of fine aggregate can be substituted with industrial copper waste. By this investigation, copper slag can be used as a sustainable building material.
Visual Assessment Approach for the Seismic Vulnerability of a Historical Building with Unreinforced Masonry in Tangier - Morocco
Authors: Benabderrazik Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The collapse of unreinforced masonry structures, which are spread throughout the world's seismic zones, is the main cause of casualties during seismic disasters. Thousands of accidents and casualties occur every year due to lack of data in construction and maintenance of structures. Although Tangier was considered to be free from seismic threats, it's now realized that this city cannot be considered a seismic safe country because of the recent events that have taken place on Wednesday, December 22, 2021 when an earthquake of magnitude 3.5 degrees on the Richter scale was recorded in the northern region, what prompts to anticipate the risk of the old districts of the city where most of the buildings are constructed without taking into consideration the seismic regulations. Hence there is the necessity to assess the seismic resistance adequacy of those existing masonry structures. For this purpose, visual inspection, field experiments, and numerical analysis of the Perdicaris Castle in Tangier of were conducted, all with the goal to assess the state of the existing structure which represents a historical monument of this northern city.
Activation of PPARβ/δ by DHA induces VEGF-A expression to promote angiogenesis in the cerebral ischemia penumbra
Authors: Zhao# Yingzhe , Jia Shuai , Li Xuewei , Pang Meng , Lv E , Zhuang Wenxin , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Yanqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ischemia penumbra is an area of brain tissue where is damaged but not yet dead after ischemic stroke,it has the potential for functional recovery provided if local blood flow can be reestablished.Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is protective after experimental ischemic stroke.To explore DHA promote angiogenesis underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis in the cerebral ischemia penumbra, Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with DHA (5mg/kg, IV) 1h after.Neuro-behavioral assessments and 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the cerebral infarction volume on hours 6, 12, 24,48 and 72, PPARβ/δ、VEGF-A、VEGFR2 and P-VEGFR2 expression were measured by Western blotting、brain tissue expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB were assessed using ELISA, NeuN、CD31、α-sma cells in the ischemia penumbra were analyzed using immunofluorescenceon hour 72 after onset of stroke. Post-treatment with DHA ameliorated neurological defects, diminished cerebral infarction volume, enhanced neuronal survival, downregulated inflammation、promoted the expression of angiogenesis related proteins and protected ischemic penumbra by increasing CD31、α-sma cells and vessels .On the contrary, this promote angiogenesis in the cerebral ischemia penumbraprotective effect was reversed after DHA cotreatment with GSK0660, a selective antagonist of the PPARβ/δ.Finally, our experiment clearly demonstrating DHA protect the rat cerebral ischemic injury (MCAO) model, more importantly, DHA was first demonstrated to promote ischemic penumbra angiogenesis through the PPARβ/δ pathway.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis reveals spinach brassinosteroid-signaling kinase (BSK) gene family functions in temperature stress response
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yongxue , Liu Yanshuang , Li Yueyue , Tian Haodong , Guo Siyi , Sun Meihong , Qin Zhi , Dai Shaojun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Brassinosteroid-signaling kinase (BSK) is a critical family of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase for BR signal transduction, which plays important roles in the development, immunity-/ abiotic stress- response, and hormone regulation of plants. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is cold tolerant but heat sensitive green leafy vegetable. A comprehensive study on the mechanisms of BSK family members and BSK- mediated stress response in spinach have not been performed.Results: We identified and cloned seven SoBSKs in spinach. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses suggested that SoBSKs had close relationship with dicotyledonous sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) rather than monocotyledons. The gene structure, and conserved protein domain/ motif analyses indicated that most SoBSKs were relative conserved, while SoBSK6 could be a truncated member. The predicted functional post-translation modification (PTM) sites in SoBSKs suggested their probable roles in signal transduction, redox regulation, and protein turnover of SoBSKs, and the N-terminal myristoylation site in SoBSKs was critical for their localization to cell periphery. Cis-acting elements for light, drought, temperature (heat and cold), and hormone response distributed wildly in the promoters of SoBSKs, implying the pivotal roles of SoBSKs in response to diverse abiotic stress and phytohormone stimuli. Most SoBSKs were highly expressed in leaves, except of SoBSK7 in roots. Many SoBSKs were differentially regulated by heat stress, cold stress, as well exogenous BL and ABA treatments. The bsk134678 mutant seedlings exhibited more heat tolerance than wild-type and SoBSK1-overexpressed seedlings.Conclusions: A comprehensive genome- wide analysis of SoBSK in spinach presented a global identification and functional prediction of SoBSKs. Seven SoBSKs had relative conserved gene structure and protein function domains. Except for SoBSK6, all the other SoBSKs had the similar motifs and conserved modification sites. Most SoBSKs participated in the temperature and hormone (BR and ABA) responses. These findings paved the way for further functional analyses on BSK- mediated mechanism in spinach development and stress responses.
A food supplement having Adiponectin Agonist properties
Authors: Karmalkar Abhishek , Joshi Medha , Rangnekar Sharvari , Rangnekar Hrishikesh , Mungikar Anil , Savangikar Vasant , Savangikar Chitra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Present work was planned to study the clinical effects of Adipomimetin tablets on human beings having Type-II diabetes.
Research Methods &Procedures:
Tablets were prepared with 40mg and 80mg of Adipomimetin per tablet. They were administered to diabetic patients as an ‘add-on’ to standard-of-care therapy that was stabilized for each patient enrolled; and also to a small group of patients which were diagnosed for the first time as diabetic and had not been started on any medicine.
Results
The findings on ability of Adipomimetin for normalizing blood sugar and hypertension over and above the effect of Standard-of-Care therapy were confirmed in a CTRI registered prospective clinical trial.Statistically highly significant reduction at P < 0.0001 in HbA1c, Fasting and Post Prandinal blood sugar, Systolic blood pressure, body weight, BMI, Diastolic blood pressure at P = 0.0319 and increase in Muscle % at P = 0.0318 was noted. Although overall reduction in body fat was insignificant statistically (P > 0.05), in individuals that had high body fat, reduction in the same was observed.The observations point out tohormonal action ofAdipomimetinas an agonist of Adiponectinthat substantially restores the homeostasis of metabolism to normal level so that its anti-pathogenesis action, i.e. action against genesis of disease, is anti-Metabolic-Syndrome-genesis,rather than a medicinal action that modifies body/metabolism to control the symptoms of diseases after the disease is precipitated. Adipomimetin, a nutraceutical/food supplement, has shown its capability to cover the scope of recovery that has not been covered by State-of-Artmedicinal treatment for above clinical parameters. There was no difference in efficacy between 40mg and 80mg active.
Conclusion
The “water insoluble concentrated mass substantially free from components more soluble in the plant juice” – the Adipomimetin, displays Adiponectin Agonist properties useful to overcome deficiency of Adiponectin and to augment all benefits expected from an Adiponectin Agonist at 40mg active three times a day.
Accuracy of diagnosis among clinical malaria patients: comparing microscopy, RDT, and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR and the implication of submicroscopic infections
Authors: Afriyie Stephen Opoku , Addison Thomas Kwame , Gebre Yilekal , Mutala Abdul-Hakim , Antwi Kwasi Baako , Abbas Dawood Ackom , Addo Kofi Agyapong , Tweneboah Austine , Koepfli Cristian , Badu Kingsley 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recommends parasitological confirmation of all suspected malaria cases by microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) before treatment. These conventional tools are widely used for point-of-care diagnosis in spite of their poor sensitivity at low parasite density. Several studies have compared the diagnostic accuracy of microscopy and RDT using standard 18S rRNA PCR as reference with varying outcomes. Here, we present for the first time in Ghana, the accuracy of diagnosis of microscopy and RDT using highly sensitive varATS qPCR as reference in a clinical setting.Methods: 1,040 febrile patients were recruited from two primary health care centers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and tested for malaria by microscopy, RDT, and varATS qPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were assessed using qPCR as gold standard.Results: Parasite prevalence was 17.5%, 24.5%, and 42.1% by microscopy, RDT, and varATS qPCR respectively. Using qPCR as the standard, RDT was more sensitive (55.7% vs 39.3%), marginally less specific (98.2% vs 98.3%), and had higher positive (95.7% vs 94.5%) and negative predictive values (75.3% vs 69.0%) than microscopy. Parasite prevalence and density was higher among the 5-14 age group than the <5, 15-30, and >30 age groups across all the tests.Conclusions: RDT outperformed microscopy for the diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria in the study area. However, both diagnostic methods missed over 40% of infections that were detected by varATS qPCR. Novel tools are needed to ensure prompt diagnosis of all clinical malaria cases.
Design and fabrication of a double- chamber solar dryer
Authors: Oluwatoyin Olunloyo , Dare Ibiyeye , Opeyemi Ajiboye 
Published: March 2022

Object of research: This paper discusses the design and construction of a modified, cost effective solar dryer for use by the average Nigerian farmer or agri-business entrepreneur.
Investigated problem: Local farmers often have a lot of difficulties in properly drying harvested agricultural produce for storage and processing purposes, safely and efficiently due to capital constraints. There was therefore a need for an efficient, low cost solar dryer design to aid in this pursuit.
Methodology: The designed dryer is a passive dryer that makes use of heat energy tapped through glass collectors placed over the drying and air inlet chambers respectively. The dryer was designed and constructed with carefully selected, inexpensive materials with dimensions of 40cm x 40cm x 60cm for the drying chamber and dimensions of 10cm x 80cm x 40cm for the heating chamber. The glass collectors (4mm thick) were inclined at an angle of incidence of 17.26°. Okra slices were used to test the performance of the dryer.
Results / Area of practical use: The study yielded a low cost (€145.60) modified solar dryer capable of drying agricultural produce in a safe and clean way. During eight (8) hours of drying under a temperature range of 39 °C – 45 °C, the initial weight of the okra slices reduced from 150g to 9g, 9g, 10g and 9g on each of the four trays of the drying chamber respectively. Local farmers and agripreneurs will be encouraged to make use of this clean alternative of drying food produce without the drawbacks from regular sun drying.
Conclusion: There is need for more work to be done in terms of installation of solar panels to enhance dryer performance. More work should also be carried out on tests during the dry season for increased dryer efficiency.
Development of object detection and classification with YOLOv4 for similar and structural deformed fish
Authors: Kuswantori Ari , Suesut Taweepol , Tangsrirat Worapong , Nunak Navaphattra 
Published: March 2022

Food scarcity is an issue of concern due to the continued growth of the human population and the threat of global warming and climate change. Increasing food production is expected to meet the challenges of food needs that will continue to increase in the future. Automation is one of the solutions to increase food productivity, including in the aquaculture industry, where fish recognition is essential to support it. This paper presents fish recognition using YOLO version 4 (YOLOv4) on the "Fish-Pak" dataset, which contains six species of identical and structurally damaged fish, both of which are characteristics of fish processed in the aquaculture industry. Data augmentation was generated to meet the validation criteria and improve the data balance between classes. For fish images on a conveyor, flip, rotation, and translation augmentation techniques are appropriate. YOLOv4 was applied to the whole fish body and then combined with several techniques to determine the impact on the accuracy of the results. These techniques include landmarking, subclassing, adding scale data, adding head data, and class elimination. Performance for each model was evaluated with a confusion matrix, and analysis of the impact of the combination of these techniques was also reviewed. From the experimental test results, the accuracy of YOLOv4 for the whole fish body is only 43.01 %. The result rose to 72.65 % with the landmarking technique, then rose to 76.64 % with the subclassing technique, and finally rose to 77.42 % by adding scale data. The accuracy did not improve to 76.47 % by adding head data, and the accuracy rose to 98.75 % with the class elimination technique. The final result was excellent and acceptable
Mining Trends of COVID-19 Vaccine Beliefs on Twitter With Lexical Embeddings: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Chopra Harshita , Vashishtha Aniket , Pal Ridam ,   Ashima, Tyagi Ananya , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: March 2022

Background
Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news globally and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on various topics. A wide variety of views accompany COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe, often colored by emotions that change along with rising cases, approval of vaccines, and multiple factors discussed online.

Objective
This study aims to analyze the temporal evolution of different emotions and the related influencing factors in tweets belonging to 5 countries with vital vaccine rollout programs, namely India, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

Methods
We extracted a corpus of nearly 1.8 million Twitter posts related to COVID-19 vaccination and created 2 classes of lexical categories—emotions and influencing factors. Using cosine distance from selected seed words’ embeddings, we expanded the vocabulary of each category and tracked the longitudinal change in their strength from June 2020 to April 2021 in each country. Community detection algorithms were used to find modules in positive correlation networks.

Results
Our findings indicated the varying relationship among emotions and influencing factors across countries. Tweets expressing hesitancy toward vaccines represented the highest mentions of health-related effects in all countries, which reduced from 41% to 39% in India. We also observed a significant change (P<.001) in the linear trends of categories like hesitation and contentment before and after approval of vaccines. After the vaccine approval, 42% of tweets coming from India and 45% of tweets from the United States represented the “vaccine_rollout” category. Negative emotions like rage and sorrow gained the highest importance in the alluvial diagram and formed a significant module with all the influencing factors in April 2021, when India observed the second wave of COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions
By extracting and visualizing these tweets, we propose that such a framework may help guide the design of effective vaccine campaigns and be used by policy makers to model vaccine uptake and targeted interventions.
Anti-Aging Face Cream Preparations Made from Collagen Membrane Chicken Eggshell (Gallus gallus domesticus) Combined with Bee Honey (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Adinda Fitri Salsabila  , Erma Nur Janahwati  , Nata Dwi Anisa Nizma  , Shofia Amalia  , Muhammad Prasetya Kurniawan  
Published: March 2022

Handling waste such as chicken egg shells requires innovation to be able to provide added value as a sustainable product. This study aims to extract collagen from chicken egg shell membranes combined with bee honey as an anti-aging face cream. This material has a very high model accuracy value (97.89%) which has the potential to inhibit aging due to Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This research was carried out by extracting eggshell membrane collagen, making cream combined with bee honey, analyzing product properties, and interpreting virtual data. The results show that in 100 g of face cream formulation with active ingredients of chicken eggshell membrane collagen extract 4.1206% and bee honey 5.0251%; 77.0926% water; 0.0062% ash; 1,8690% protein; 0.0058% fat, the viscosity value was 65.94 dPas, and the pH was 7.08. Thus, this product did not irritate the skin of the experimental animals. The average value of attribute assessment (such as aroma, consistency, texture, stickiness, homogeneous sensation, color, appearance, itching, erythema, washing power, response after washing) was well received by the panelists with a score of 1-3,9 and the highest total achievement bacteria 25 CFU/g and yeast-mold 16 CFU/g met the skin moisturizer quality requirement (SNI 16-4399-1996) which should not exceed 102 CFU/g.
Key words: collagen; Matrix metalloproteinase-1; honey; extraction; organoleptic
Evaluation of left atrial function using four-dimensional volume-strain in end-stage renal disease patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: You Chunyuan , Li Lei , Zhang Pingyang 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate
alterations in routine echocardiographic parameters and left atrial(LA)
strains in normal LA and large LA groups in end-stage renal
disease(ESRD) patients. Methods: Thirty-five age-matched
healthy individuals and 82 patients with ESRD, including 52 with LA
maximum volume index(LAVmax I)＜34 ml/m2 (normal LA group)and 30 with
LAVmax I≥34 ml/m2 (large LA group), were enrolled. LA volumes and
longitudinal and circumferential strains were measured using
4-dimensional(D) volume-strain technology. Results: Left
ventricular(LV) wall thickness, the Left ventricular mass index(LVMI),
peak early diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity/average peak early
diastolic mitral annular velocity(E/ E’), and peak systolic
dispersion(PSD) were higher in normal LA and large LA group compared
with the control group. Mitral valve early diastolic velocity/mitral
valve late diastolic velocity(E/A), the early diastolic velocity at the
septal mitral annulus(E’ septal), the early diastolic velocity at the
lateral mitral annulus (E’ lateral), global longitudinal strain(GLS),
left atrial peak longitudinal strain of reservoir function (LASr) and
left atrial peak longitudinal strain of conduit function(LAScd) were
lower in normal LA and large LA group compared with the control group.
Left atrial peak circumferential strain of reservoir function(LASr-c)
and left atrial peak circumferential strain of contractile
function(LASct-c) were lower in the large LA group compared with the
control group. In ESRD patients, LASr-c and LASct-c showed a good
correlation with LAVmax I. Conclusions: This study showed that
LA longitudinal strains had decreased before LA enlargement. When LA
enlargement occurred, the circumferential strains decreased. This may
indicate that longitudinal strain changed earlier than circumferential
strain in ESRD patients.