bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal submucosal tumor diagnosed with EBUS‐guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy: A case report
Authors: Ishiguro Yuki , Uchimura Keigo , Furuse Hideaki , Imabayashi Tatsuya , Matsumoto Yuji , Watanabe Shun‐Ichi , Tsuchida Takaaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCryobiopsy is advantageous for collecting larger specimens with minimum crushing compared to forceps biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), but it has not been widely used for mediastinal tumors. In this report, a leiomyoma of the thoracic esophagus was diagnosed with endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS‐cryo). An asymptomatic 49‐year‐old woman had a 2.6‐cm sized submucosal tumor (SMT) of the esophagus adjacent to the trachea and left main bronchus. EBUS‐TBNA and EBUS‐guided intranodal forceps biopsy were performed, followed by EBUS‐cryo. The biopsy forceps could not be inserted into the tumor, but the cryoprobe was smoothly inserted. EBUS‐TBNA could not obtain enough spindle‐shaped tumor cells for immunohistochemical staining, but EBUS‐cryo provided sufficient specimens for diagnosing the leiomyoma. Adding EBUS‐cryo to EBUS‐TBNA has recently been reported to achieve high diagnostic yields for lymphomas, uncommon tumors, and benign diseases. EBUS‐cryo seems a valid diagnostic option for esophageal SMTs that are difficult to diagnose with needles and forceps.
Decellularized tympanic membrane scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repairing tympanic membrane perforation
Authors: Lu Yanqing , Li Jingzhi , Hou Nan , Zhou Li , Quan Xiaoxuan , Tang Ying , Luo Xiaoming , Huang Shi , Ma Ruina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTympanic membrane perforation (TMP) is a common disease in otology, and few acellular techniques have been reported for repairing this condition. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been used in organ reconstruction.ObjectiveThis study on tissue engineering aimed to develop a tympanic membrane (TM) scaffold prepared using detergent immersion and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as repair materials to reconstruct the TM.ResultsGeneral structure was observed that the decellularized TM scaffold with BMSCs retained the original intact anatomical ECM structure, with no cell residue, as observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and exhibited low immunogenicity. Therefore, we seeded the decellularized TM scaffold with BMSCs for recellularization. Histology and eosin staining, SEM and immunofluorescence in vivo showed that the recellularized TM patch had a natural ultrastructure and was suitable for the migration and proliferation of BMSCs. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluated after recellularized TM patch repair was slightly higher than that of the normal TM, but the difference was not significant.ConclusionThe synthetic ECM scaffold provides temporary physical support for the three‐dimensional growth of cells during the tissue developmental stage. The scaffold stimulates cells to secrete their own ECM required for tissue regeneration. The recellularized TM patch shows potential as a natural, ultrastructure biological material for TM reconstruction.
The impact of adolescent's daily electronic media use on sleep: Insights from adolescent's and their mother's point of view
Authors: Lüscher Janina , Radtke Theda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrated that electronic media use (EMU) is negatively associated with sleep in adolescents. Most studies however are cross‐sectional, self‐ or parents reports, and not distinguishing between different EMU types. Therefore, this study aimed to examine associations between adolescent's EMU and sleep reported by adolescents and from their mothers' perspective in a dyadic ambulatory assessment design. One hundred and five mother–adolescent dyads reported for 14 consecutive days adolescent's EMU for different EMU types and sleep duration. Mothers reported less EMU in the evening and more sleep of their adolescents than adolescents themselves. Multilevel analyses revealed that at the between‐ and within‐person level, EMU in the evening was negatively associated with sleep. Different EMU types differed in effect sizes of associations with sleep. No effects were found for watching TV/DVD/video, whereas for gaming at the between‐ and within‐person level, negative associations with sleep duration were found. For PC/tablet and smartphone use in the evening significant between‐person association with sleep duration for adolescent's self‐reports and from mother's point of view was found. It is important to investigate adolescent's EMU on a daily basis, from a dyadic perspective, and for different EMU types separately.
Deferiprone attenuates neuropathology and improves outcome following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Daglas Maria , Truong Phan H. , Miles Linh Q. , Juan Sydney M. A. , Rao Shalini S. , Adlard Paul A. 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young adults. The role of iron in potentiating neurodegeneration following TBI has gained recent interest as iron deposition has been detected in the injured brain in the weeks to months post‐TBI, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. A failure in iron homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity; and whether this is a cause or consequence of the long‐term effects of TBI remains unknown.Experimental ApproachWe investigated the role of iron and the effect of therapeutic intervention using a brain‐permeable iron chelator, deferiprone, in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. An extensive assessment of cognitive, motor and anxiety/depressive outcome measures were examined, and neuropathological and biochemical changes, over a 3‐month period post‐TBI.Key ResultsLesion volume was significantly reduced at 3 months, which was preceded by a reduction in astrogliosis, microglia/macrophages and preservation of neurons in the injured brain at 2 weeks and/or 1 month post‐TBI in mice receiving oral deferiprone. Deferiprone treatment showed significant improvements in neurological severity scores, locomotor/gait performance and cognitive function, and attenuated anxiety‐like symptoms post‐TBI. Deferiprone reduced iron levels, lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress and altered expression of neurotrophins in the injured brain over this period.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings support a detrimental role of iron in the injured brain and suggest that deferiprone (or similar iron chelators) may be promising therapeutic approaches to improve survival, functional outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
Menopause, skin and common dermatosis. Part 3: genital disorders
Authors: Musbahi Esra , Kamp Erin , Ashraf Mariha , DeGiovanni Claudia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oestrogen plays a vital role in maintaining a normal vulvovaginal epithelium, vaginal lubrication, as well as a healthy microbiome to ensure an acidic pH. The decrease in oestrogen levels in women going through menopause results in both physiological and physical changes of the genitourinary system, and more specifically the vulva. We conducted a literature review on the effects of low oestrogen levels on the physiology and function of the vulva and the vulvovaginal epithelium. ‘Genitourinary syndrome of menopause’ (GSM) is the term used to describe the signs and symptoms of a low oestrogen state. The symptoms and signs of GSM can overlap or coexist with other vulval dermatoses. Expert opinion is needed to diagnose and manage vulval dermatoses in menopause. This article will discuss the signs and symptoms of GSM, as well as the different management options available. Other vulval dermatoses that can be affected by hypo-oestrogenism are also reviewed.
Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection using 2D and HDlive flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Ma Bin , Gao Yan‐hong , Zhang Rui‐hong , Li Pei‐long , Da Zhen‐qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the application value of two‐dimensional (2D) and high‐definition live (HDlive) flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in diagnosing fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).MethodsSeventeen cases of fetal TAPVC were diagnosed using 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC. These cases were then retrospectively analyzed to examine the value of using 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC in the diagnosis of TAPVC.Results2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC detected 13 cases of supracardiac TAPVC (two isolated cases, seven cases with right atrial isomerism (RAI), four cases with other complex malformations), one case of isolated intra‐cardiac TAPVC, and three cases of cardiac TAPVC (two isolated cases and one case with complex congenital heart anomaly). Small left atrium (LA), the absence of PVs drainage into the LA and the increased retroatrial distance between LA and the descending aorta (DAo) were significant signs that should raise the suspicion of fetal TAPVC. HDlive Flow combined with STIC can dynamically display the TAPVC which may assit the prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC.Conclusion2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC can assit the diagnosis of fetal TAPVC abnormalities and has important clinical value.
Drug resistance in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Evidence and concepts
Authors: Gesche Joanna , Beier Christoph P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough approximately 10%–15% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE)/genetic generalized epilepsy remain drug‐resistant, there is no consensus or established concept regarding the underlying mechanisms and prevalence. This review summarizes the recent data and the current hypotheses on mechanisms that may contribute to drug‐resistant IGE. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for studies on mechanisms of drug resistance published since 1980. The literature shows neither consensus on the definition nor a widely accepted model to explain drug resistance in IGE or one of its subsyndromes. Large‐scale genetic studies have failed to identify distinct genetic causes or affected genes involved in pharmacokinetics. We found clinical and experimental evidence in support of four hypotheses: (1) “network hypothesis”—the degree of drug resistance in IGE reflects the severity of cortical network alterations, (2) “minor focal lesion in a predisposed brain hypothesis”—minor cortical lesions are important for drug resistance, (3) “interneuron hypothesis”—impaired functioning of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic interneurons contributes to drug resistance, and (4) “changes in drug kinetics”—genetically impaired kinetics of antiseizure medication (ASM) reduce the effectiveness of available ASMs. In summary, the exact definition and cause of drug resistance in IGE is unknown. However, published evidence suggests four different mechanisms that may warrant further investigation.
The parent trap: Extending New York State's parental liability law to hold parents liable for minor child's bullying
Authors: Gardini Nicolette 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBullying is a phenomenon that results in psychological and physical effects, or even suicides and school shootings. Many states have enacted anti‐bullying laws to prevent bullying, but we still see the same tragedies that come from it. A town in New York jails parents for their child's bullying and has seen improvement. However, the goal of this amendment is to deter, not to punish. To protect the welfare and safety of our state's children, this Note proposes that New York amend its parental liability law by adopting the parental liability laws of Oregon, Tennessee, and the notification law of Utah.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Late Jurassic granite porphyries from central‐eastern Jilin Province, NE China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: Ye Xiqing , Xu Zhitao , Li Mengmeng , Sun Liying , Li Zhongwei , Yan Donghan , Feng Jingqiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recently discovered Yizuoying Mo deposit is located in central‐eastern Jilin Province, NE China. The molybdenum (Mo) mineralization, mainly hosted in granite porphyry, is considered to be granite‐related. Zircon U–Pb dating of the granite porphyry yielded concordant ages of 160.81 ± 0.62 Ma, which is consistent with the weighted mean U–Pb age of 160.53 ± 0.65 Ma, indicating that the emplacement of granitic plutons occurred in the Late Jurassic. The granite porphyry samples are peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline and show an A‐type geochemical signature with high Na2O + K2O and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y content, K2O/MgO, Fe2O3T/(Fe2O3T + MgO), REEs (rare earth elements) and 10 000 Ga/Al ratios. Based on the trace element content of zircons, they have high Th, U, Zr, Hf, and Pb abundance and obvious La and Eu anomalies, and their distribution pattern is similar to that of A‐type granites. The zircon εHf(t) values range from 4.5 to 10.5 with Neoproterozoic TDM2 ages (536–922 Ma) for Hf isotopes, and they have relatively high values of εNd(t) (3.14 to 3.49; TDM2 = 665–693 Ma) and initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.723260–0.734669). Detailed elemental and isotopic data suggest that the Yizuoying granite porphyry belongs to the A2‐subtype and was formed by partial melting of a crustal source with a neoproterozoic overall residence age. Integrating new data on the oxygen fugacity of zircons and published data on the tectonic evolution, we suggest that the granite porphyry and associated Mo mineralization in the Yizuoying deposit formed in an extensional environment at ~160 Ma, related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate. The evolution of granitic magma in this period contributed to Mo mineralization.
Association of financial toxicity with quality of life in testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Nezu Kunihisa , Yamashita Shinichi , Kakimoto Kenichi , Uemura Motohide , Kishida Takeshi , Kawai Koji , Nakamura Terukazu , Goto Takayuki , Osawa Takahiro , Nishimura Kazuo , Nonomura Norio , Negoro Hiromitsu , Shiraishi Takumi , Ukimura Osamu , Ogawa Osamu , Shinohara Nobuo , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Ito Akihiro , Arai Yoichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesMost testicular cancer (TC) survivors have long‐term survival. However, the association between financial toxicity (FT), which is an economic side effect of cancer treatment, and the quality of life (QOL) of TC survivors is still unclear. Thus, the impact of FT on the QOL of TC survivors was examined in a multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe recruited TC survivors from eight high‐volume institutions in Japan between January 2018 and March 2019. A total of 562 participants completed the EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ‐TC26 and the questionnaires on demographics, including annual income. Financial difficulty in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and low income were used to assess financial distress (FD) and financial burden (FB), respectively. FT was defined as FD and FB. The QOL scores were compared, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis for FT was performed.ResultsWith severe FD, TC survivors had more treatment side effects, physical limitations, and anxiety concerning employment and future. The TC survivors who reported low income were worried about their jobs and the future. The QOL of the survivors with FT exhibited high impairment, except for sexual activity. In particular, the TC survivors with FT were physically limited and anxious concerning the future. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that four or more chemotherapy cycles were substantial risk factors for FT (4 cycles, odds ratio (OR) = 4.17; ≥5 cycles, OR = 6.96).ConclusionsTC survivors who received multi‐cycle chemotherapy were prone to experience FT, resulting in a decline in their health‐related QOL.
A predictive score for detecting vesicoureteral reflux in children with their first Escherichia coli‐induced urinary tract infection
Authors: Kurokawa Mari , Murata Kenji , Hoshina Takayuki , Furuno Kenji , Kaku Yoshitsugu , Kishimoto Junji , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn children with a first Escherichia coli‐induced febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI), routine voiding cytourethrography (VCUG) is not recommended for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Meanwhile, the sensitivity of renal and bladder ultrasound (RBUS) for detecting VUR is insufficient. Aiming to implement VCUG properly for children with a first E. coli‐induced fUTI, we attempted to construct a predictive scoring system for the early screening of VUR.MethodsThis study enrolled patients aged <2 years of age hospitalized for their first E. coli‐induced fUTI during the period when VCUG was implemented for all patients (2007–14, non‐selective group [n = 111]) and only for those with VUR‐suspected RBUS findings, bacteremia or acute focal bacterial nephritis (2016–19, selective group [n = 102]). We evaluated the accuracy of the current criteria and the VUR predictive score constructed using data from the non‐selective group.ResultsIn the non‐selective group, 32 patients had VUR (29%). In the selective group, 20 of 45 VCUG‐tested patients had VUR (44%). Among 57 patients not undergoing VCUG in the selective group, 8 had a recurrence of fUTI, 3 of whom were diagnosed with VUR. In the non‐selective group, 9 patients with VUR did not fulfill the current criteria and the VUR predictive score consisting of young age, female sex, prolonged fever, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia, showed higher sensitivity, specificity than the current criteria.ConclusionsThe current imaging/bacteriological criteria were ineffective in screening for VUR in patients with their first E. coli‐induced fUTI. The VUR predictive score can be an accurate indicator for implementing VCUG.
Improving compliance with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines in obese inpatients
Authors: Chee Adrian , Bortz Hadley , Yip Jarrod , McFadyen James D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity is a well‐recognised risk factor for venous thromboembolism, and increased dosing of pharmacological prophylaxis is recommended in obese inpatients. We performed a clinical decision support intervention by adjusting order sentences of prophylactic enoxaparin within our electronic medical records, which significantly improved appropriate dosing for thromboprophylaxis in obese inpatients at our institution.
The oceanographic isolation of the Ogasawara Islands and genetic divergence in a reef‐building coral
Authors: Wepfer Patricia H. , Nakajima Yuichi , Fujimura Atsushi , Mikheyev Alexander S. , Economo Evan P. , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimDue to their spatial isolation, oceanic islands are natural systems to study evolutionary divergence. The Ogasawara Islands belong to the most isolated archipelagos on Earth and are well‐known for their high terrestrial endemicity; however, less is known about the marine realm. Here, we analyse the degree of oceanographic isolation of the archipelago based on genetic data of a reef‐building coral and a biophysical dispersal model.LocationNorth‐Western Pacific (Ogasawara, Ryukyu, Daito Islands, Guam).TaxonGalaxea fascicularis L.MethodThree to 15 specimens were sampled at several sites in Ogasawara and its closest potential migration sources in southern Japan and the Mariana Islands (Guam) and RAD‐sequenced. 108 specimens from the common Pacific lineages ‘L’ (Ryukyu‐ and Daito Islands, Guam) and ‘Ogasawara’ (Ogasawara) were analysed with population genetics and demographic modelling. Oceanographic dispersal was investigated by inverse particle tracking using a Lagrangian particle advection simulation based on ROMS and applying biological dispersal parameters of G. fascicularis.ResultsThe G. fascicularis population in Ogasawara is genetically highly differentiated from the next closest reefs in the region and has diverged from the Ryukyu Islands under very little, asymmetric, eastward migration. Inverse particle tracking confirmed the oceanographic isolation of Ogasawara and showed that the islands are rarely but most likely reached by settlers from the Ryukyu Islands by long‐distance‐dispersal of exceptionally long‐lived larvae (>44 days), with no dispersal vice versa.Main conclusionsOgasawara is a dispersal sink location and the high degree of genetic differentiation in Galaxea has resulted from strong oceanographic isolation. This research highlights how oceanographic features impact species‐level genetic differentiation even in well‐dispersed taxa such as broadcast‐spawning corals, and they are likely even more pronounced in less vagile organisms. These findings suggest the Ogasawaran Archipelago should be considered an important priority for marine conservation, alongside its high importance for terrestrial conservation.
Q‐switched frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm) laser versus trichloroacetic acid 35% peeling in the treatment of dorsal hand solar lentigo: An assessor‐blind split‐hand randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Mousavi Azam , Poostiyan Nazila , Saber Mina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolar lentigo (SL) is a benign hyperpigmented spot occurring due to ultraviolet exposure, most commonly in the elderly. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peeling with Q‐switched laser in the treatment of SLs.MethodsThis assessor‐blind split‐hand randomized controlled trial included 45 patients with symmetric SLs on the back of their hands referred to the dermatology clinics from March 1 to June 24, 2021. TCA 35% was applied to the back of one hand, and the contralateral hand received Q‐switched laser. The interventions were repeated for a total of three sessions 4 weeks apart. Eight weeks after the last treatment session, lesion lightening was graded from 1 to 4. Patient satisfaction with treatment was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Adverse events were also noted.ResultsOf the 45 patients included in the current study with a mean age of 52.71 ± 9.73 years, 11 (24.4%) were male. The Fitzpatrick skin type was II in 11 patients (24.4%), III in 23 (51.1%), and IV in 11 (24.4%). Lesion lightening and patient satisfaction were both significantly better with Q‐switched laser compared to TCA peeling (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐1.69; −0.79, p < 0.001 and SMD = ‐1.12, 95% CI ‐1.56; −0.67, p < 0.001, respectively). Overall, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurred in one patient in the laser group and for in the TCA group. Also, erythema and pruritus were observed in all patients of both groups after intervention which were treated with topical repair cream.ConclusionsQ‐switched laser was superior to TCA peeling for the treatment of SLs in terms of lesion lightening and patient satisfaction with a large effect.