bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unaffordable and the sublime
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper I examine a set of exceptional aesthetic experiences that remove us from our pragmatic everyday life and involve a specific type of unaffordability. I then extend this notion of unaffordability to experiences of awe and its relation to the sublime. My analysis is guided by considerations of the phenomenologically inspired enactivist approach that supports an affordance-based accounts of aesthetic experience. I review some recent neurophenomenological studies of the experience of awe, and I then sketch out a phenomenology of awe as it approaches the sublime.
Field experiments on mechanisms influencing species boundary movement under climate change
Authors: Westoby Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Scope
Currently knowledge is weak about which plant species boundaries are determined directly by climate and soil factors, versus which are mediated by biotic interactions, such as exclusion by superior competitors or by pathogens. Under moving climate zones the difference is important. For example, will warm boundaries shrink poleward of their own accord, or only following invasion by other species? What research will most effectively strengthen our understanding of this fundamental issue in ecology?

Conclusions
Traditionally the required experiment has been transplant beyond the species boundary, together with density manipulation of putative competitors, herbivores, pathogens or facilitators. But now climate zones are being moved across species distributions, creating a different sort of experiment. In order to learn efficiently from this massive inadvertent experiment, exposure to new climate needs to be combined with experimental manipulation of other factors. Because range extensions are likely to be spatially patchy, these experiments need to be geographically extensive, to be sustained over 2–4 decades, and to be twinned with wide-area population monitoring via drones and other remote sensing. Highest priorities for experimental manipulation would be removal of competition, and provision of seedlings. Highest priorities for locations would be zones where vegetation physiognomy changes, such as woodlands into grasslands, or rainforest into fire-prone forest.
Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty between elderly and middle-young patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Guanjie , Zhang Hailin , Du Xiaoju , Yin Lixia , Zhang Huipin , Zhou Qifan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of cognitive frailty and explore the differences in the influencing factors between elderly and middle-young patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the frailty phenotype, mini-mental state examination, and clinical dementia rating were used to assess the current status of cognitive frailty in 852 patients receiving MHD from four hospitals in Lianyungang City and Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China; the influencing factors were then analyzed for statistical significance.

Results
Of the total 852 patients receiving MHD, 340 were classified into an elderly group (≥ 60 years) and 512 into a middle-young group (< 60 years). The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 35.9% and 8.8%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors of cognitive frailty were age (P < 0.001), education level (P = 0.010), nutritional status (P = 0.001), serum albumin level (P = 0.010), calf circumference (P = 0.024), and social support level (P < 0.001) in the elderly group and comorbidity status (P = 0.037), education level (P < 0.001), nutritional status (P = 0.008), serum creatinine level (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), and depression (P = 0.006) in the middle-young group.

Conclusion
The prevalence of cognitive frailty was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the middle-young group, and the influencing factors differed between the two populations.
Flora and plant communities across a complex network of heavily modified water bodies: geographical patterns, land use and hydrochemical drivers in a temperate overexploited plain
Authors: Montanari Irene , De Bernardini Nicola , Gizzi Gina , Bolpagni Rossano , Buldrini Fabrizio , Campione Louise , Castellari Ilenia , Landi Sara , Spiezia Luigi , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe decline of freshwater flora due to alteration, reclamation and trophic perturbation of lowland wetlands is among the most relevant issues in biological conservation. The contribution of heavily modified water bodies (HMWBs) in preserving plant diversity is notable, but the underlying ecological mechanisms are not completely explored. To contribute to this debate and expand the knowledge on the role of HMWBs in maintaining wetland biodiversity in overexploited agroecosystems, a canal network of about 1150 km (SE Po valley, N-Italy) was analysed to study the geographical patterns of riparian flora and plant communities, and their land use and hydrochemical drivers. A systematic sampling procedure was adopted by randomly selecting 96 transects (10 m2) along 79 drainage canals. Additionally, 22 transects were sampled for water quality evaluation. Flora was characterised based on species richness and presence of threatened, alien and invasive species. We also studied the contribution of land use and water quality in explaining plant richness and composition. Slope and aspect of canals do not significantly affect plant species composition, whereas the «proximity to protected areas» seems to have a negative influence. Both threatened and alien plants richness decrease approaching protected areas. Among land use types, only agro-zootechnical settlements influence plant species composition, favoring nitrophilous species, as demonstrated by water parameters (the spatial patterns of nitrophilous species mirrored the progressive worsening of canal waters). This work confirms the key role of HMWBs in sustaining plant species diversity in oversimplified landscapes, highlighting complex regulation mechanisms that need further investigations.
The Benefits of Banded over Non-banded Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients with Morbid Obesity: a Multi-center Study
Authors: Jense Marijn T. F. , Palm-Meinders Inge H. , Sigterman-Nelissen Rochelle , Boerma Evert-Jan G. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Swank Dingeman J. , Greve Jan Willem M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has proven to be an effective treatment for obesity with excellent long-term results, even though weight regain can occur. A method to improve the results of RYGB and minimize chance of weight regain is banded RYGB. Better sustained weight loss is also related to higher remission of comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of banded and non-banded RYGB on long-term weight loss results and comorbidities.

Method
A retrospective comparative data study was performed. Patients who underwent a primary RYGB between July 2013 and December 2014 and followed a 5-year follow-up program in the Dutch Obesity Clinic were included. Comorbidities were assessed during screening and follow-up.

Results
The study included 375 patients with mean weight and body mass index (BMI) of 128.9 (± 21.2) kg and 44.50 (± 5.72) kg/m2. Of this group, 184 patients underwent RYGB and 191 banded RYGB. During follow-up (3 months, 1–5 years) % Total Weight Loss (%TWL) was superior in the banded group (32.6% vs 27.6% at 5 years post-operative, p < 0.001). Complication rates in both groups were similar. Comorbidity improvement or remission did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.14–1.00). After 5 years of follow-up, 79 patients (20.5%) were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion
Banded RYGB does show superior weight loss compared to non-banded RYGB. No difference in effect on comorbidity improvement or remission was observed. Since complication rates are similar, while weight loss is significantly greater, we recommend performing banded RYGB over non-banded RYGB.

Graphical abstract
Unraveling Châtelperronian high-density accumulations: the open-air site of Aranbaltza II (Bizkaia, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Laura , Benito-Calvo Alfonso , Iriarte Eneko , Emeterio Aixa San , Ortega Iluminada , Rios-Garaizar Joseba 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Châtelperronian open-air site of Aranbaltza II presents a set of very particular characteristics, such as the large number of well-preserved lithic materials in a small area and the presence of lobular accumulations that represents the 33% of different size and shape of lithic materials of the whole assemblage. Through the application of density, hotspots, and 3D-fabric analysis, in combination with sedimentological data, we discuss the factors responsible of the accumulation of these archaeological materials. The main goal of this work is inferring the formation processes from a geoarchaeological perspective and the spatial organization of this site, unraveling the high-density accumulations of this site and therefore the activities carried out. The complexity of site formation processes has not traditionally been taken into account, leading to explanatory proposals in terms of human behavior disconnected from the sedimentary context. In this work, we highlight the need to analyze site formation processes before making assumptions about human behavior. Thus, the difficulties of dismantling and interpreting high density concentrations of materials in reduced areas are addressed, as it is also observed in other Châtelperronian open-air sites, like Vieux Coutets, Les Bossats at Omersson, Canaule II, or Le Basté, which show concentrations of lithic materials that have been interpreted as waste accumulations in knapping areas, where other activities also took place. The results obtained have revealed that some materials could have suffered a short-distance displacement followed by a rapid burial that protected them and their spatial integrity, thus allowing a preservation of the main zones of accumulation of materials and therefore the type of actions performed at Aranbaltza II.
Clinical Ethics Support for Gender-Affirming Care Teams: Reflections from a Scoping Review
Authors: Feldman Sharon L. , Sankary Lauren R. , Morley Georgina , Mabel Hilary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to provide gender-affirming providers and ethics practitioners with up-to-date knowledge regarding the models of clinical ethics support (CES) available in the transgender care setting, the activities of CES services, and the benefits and limitations of CES in this context.

Recent Findings
Literature related to CES in transgender care is limited at present but will likely expand as the number of both transgender care centers and CES services continues to grow internationally. All literature substantively addressing the review question derives from the USA or the Netherlands and describes an “integrative” or “embedded” model of CES, in which ethics practitioners work regularly and collaboratively with multidisciplinary transgender care teams to provide preventive and responsive ethics support.

Summary
A scoping review of the literature shows that, at some transgender care programs in the USA and the Netherlands, embedded or integrative CES is available to highlight the ethics issues in everyday practice and to help clinicians navigate ethically complex cases. Other forms of CES available to gender-affirming providers include ethics consultation services and ethics committees. CES in transgender care can involve ethics consultation or moral case deliberation for particular cases; participation in clinical meetings to draw attention to and clarify ethical issues at play; and input into treatment protocol development. To further illustrate how ethics practitioners can contribute to a multidisciplinary approach to gender-affirming care, the authors also provide examples of embedded ethics support in one transgender care center in the USA based on their experiences. Clinicians working in transgender care may benefit from engaging with their organization’s CES service or reaching out to local and regional healthcare ethics organizations for support.
Cs3Bi2I9-hydroxyapatite composite waste forms for cesium and iodine immobilization
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Yachun , Shen Junhua , Scott Spencer M. , Riley Brian J. , Vienna John D. , Lian Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerovskite-based ceramic composites were developed as potential waste form materials for immobilizing cesium (Cs) and iodine (I) with high waste loadings and chemical durability. The perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 has high Cs (22 wt%) and I (58 wt%) content, and thus can be used as a potential host phase to immobilize these critical radionuclides. In this work, the perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 phase was synthesized by a cost effective solution-based approach, and was embedded into a highly durable hydroxyapatite matrix by spark plasma sintering to form dense ceramic composite waste forms. The chemical durabilities of the monolithic Cs3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9-hydroxyapatite composite pellets were investigated by static and semi-dynamic leaching tests, respectively. Cs and I are incongruently released from the matrix for both pure Cs3Bi2I9 and composite structures. The normalized Cs release rate is faster than that of I, which can be explained by the difference in the strengths between Cs−I and Bi−I bonds as well as the formation of insoluble micrometer-sized BiOI precipitates. The activation energies of elemental releases based on dissolution and diffusion-controlled mechanisms are determined with significantly higher energy barriers for dissolution from the composite versus that of the monolithic Cs3Bi2I9. The ceramic-based composite waste forms exhibit excellent chemical durabilities and waste loadings, commensurate with the state-of-the-art glass-bonded perovskite composites for I and Cs immobilization.
Fabrication and properties of non-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x magneto-optical ceramics
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Li Xiaoying , Hu Dianjun , Liu Ziyu , Xie Tengfei , Wu Lexiang , Yang Zhaoxiang , Li Jiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNon-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x (x = −0.07–0.45) magneto-optical ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering in vacuum combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment without any sintering aids. The phase composition, densification process, microstructure, optical transmittance, and Verdet constant of Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics were investigated. The in-line transmittance of (Tb0.93Hf0.07)2Hf2O7.07 ceramics with a thickness of 2.0 mm reaches 74.6% at 1064 nm. The Verdet constant of Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics is −153.4, −155.8, and −181.2 rad/(T·m) at the wavelength of 633 nm when x = −0.07, 0, and 0.1, respectively. The Verdet constant increases with the increase of Tb content, and these values are higher than that of the commercial Tb3Ga5O12 crystal, indicating that non-stoichiometric Tb2(Hf1−xTbx)2O7−x ceramics have a great potential for the application in Faraday isolators.
Gauss-Bonnet Theorem in the Universal Covering Group of Euclidean Motion Group E(2) with the General Left-Invariant Metric
Authors: Li Wanzhen , Liu Haiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe universal covering group of Euclidean motion group E(2) with the general left-invariant metric is denoted by $$(\widetilde{E(2)},g_L(\lambda _1,\lambda _2)),$$

(

E
(
2
)

~

,

g
L

(

λ
1

,

λ
2

)

)
,

where $$\lambda _1\ge \lambda _2>0.$$

λ
1

≥

λ
2

>
0
.

It is one of three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups which are classified by Milnor. In this paper, we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature for a Euclidean $$C^2$$

C
2

-smooth surface in $$(\widetilde{E(2)},g_L(\lambda _1,\lambda _2))$$

(

E
(
2
)

~

,

g
L

(

λ
1

,

λ
2

)

)

away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature for Euclidean $$C^2$$

C
2

-smooth curves on surfaces. Based on these results, we get a Gauss-Bonnet theorem in the universal covering group of Euclidean motion group E(2) with the general left-invariant metric.
Assessment of the Psychometrics of the Students' Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health Extended (SA-SH-Ext) Questionnaire for Social Educator Students
Authors: Lunde Gerd Hilde , Blaalid Laila , Gerbild Helle , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Social educators have an important role in promoting and rehabilitating sexual health as they provide information, discuss, and support sexual health in daily life for persons living with impairments, intellectual disabilities, and complex needs.

Aim
The study aimed to assess the psychometrics of the Students´ Attitudes towards addressing Sexual Health Extended (SA-SH-Ext) questionnaire for social educator students.

Methods
A sample of 213 Norwegian social educator students was used to test internal consistency reliability and construct validity with explorative factor analysis.

Outcomes
Internal consistency reliability showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.906 and construct validity measured with explorative factor analysis showed good results with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) being high (0.929) and Bartlett´s test of sphericity being significant (P = .000).

Results
The SA-SH-Ext is reliable and valid for social educator students, however the psychometric assessment revealed that the domains of the SA-SH-Ext should be revised compared to the original SA-SH questionnaire.

Clinical implications
Measuring the effectiveness of sexual health education interventions is important and to have a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess future professionals’ attitudes towards addressing sexual health increases the ability to target specific client needs or knowledge gaps, such as addressing sexual health for persons with intellectual disabilities.

Strengths
and limitations: In comparison with previous studies of the original SA-SH, SA-SH-Ext has high reliability and validity. The current study was performed with classical test theory. Performing Rasch analysis may detect other psychometric issues, by improving precision and thereby providing a deeper understanding of both how to optimise a questionnaire and understand the results of a used questionnaire. Despite the response rate of 34%, the results are seen as valid considering the low correlation between response rate and validity and that the sample size was sufficient for the chosen psychometric tests.

Conclusion
The SA-SH-Ext is a valuable questionnaire for assessing the level of perceived preparedness among social educator students in addressing sexual health, a field often neglected in health and care.
Estimating Mass Flux From Size‐Fractionated Filtered Particles: Insights Into Controls on Sinking Velocities and Mass Fluxes in Recent U.S. GEOTRACES Cruises
Authors: Xiang Yang , Lam Phoebe J. , Burd Adrian B. , Hayes Christopher T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe compile full ocean‐depth size‐fractionated (1–51 and >51 μm) particle concentration and composition of suspended particulate matter from three recent U.S. GEOTRACES cruises, and exploit detailed information of particle characteristics measured to give insights into controls on sinking velocity and mass flux. Our model integrates the concept of fractal scaling into Stokes' Law by incorporating one of two porosity‐size power law relationships that result in fractal dimensions of 1.4 and 2.1. The medians of pump‐derived total (>1 μm) mass flux in the upper 100 m of gyre stations are 285.1, 609.2, and 99.3 mg/m2/d in the North Atlantic, Eastern Tropical South Pacific, and Western Arctic Ocean cruises, respectively. In this data set, variations in particle concentration were generally more important than sinking velocity in controlling variations in mass flux. We examine different terms in a Stokes' Law model to explore how variations in particle and water column characteristics from these three cruises affect mass flux. The decomposition of different aspects of the Stokes' relationship sheds light on the lowest total mass flux of the three cruises in the Western Arctic, which could be explained by the Arctic having the lowest particle concentrations as well as the lowest sinking velocities due to having the smallest particle sizes and the most viscous water. This work shows the importance of both particle characteristics and size distribution for mass fluxes, and similar methods can be applied to existing and future size‐fractionated filtered particulate measurements to improve our understanding of the biological pump elsewhere.
Resolving and Predicting Neighborhood Vulnerability to Urban Heat and Air Pollution: Insights From a Pilot Project of Community Science
Authors: Wang Jun , Castro‐Garcia Lorena , Jenerette G. Darrel , Chandler Mark , Ge Cui , Kucera Dion , Koutzoukis Sofia , Zeng Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrban heat and air pollution, two environmental threats to urban residents, are studied via a community science project in Los Angeles, CA, USA. The data collected, for the first time, by community members, reveal the significance of both the large spatiotemporal variations of and the covariations between 2 m air temperature (2mT) and ozone (O3) concentration within the (4 km) neighborhood scale. This neighborhood variation was not exhibited in either daily satellite observations or operational model predictions, which makes the assessment of community health risks a challenge. Overall, the 2mT is much better predicted than O3by the weather and research forecast model with atmospheric chemistry (WRF‐Chem). For O3, diurnal variation is better predicted by WRF‐Chem than spatial variation (i.e., underestimated by 50%). However, both WRF‐chem and the surface observation show the overall consistency in describing statistically significant covariations between O3and 2mT. In contrast, satellite‐based land surface temperature at 1 km resolution is insufficient to capture air temperature variations at the neighborhood scale. Community engagement is augmented with interactive maps and apps that show the predictions in near real time and reveals the potential of green canopy to reduce air temperature and ozone; but different tree types and sizes may lead to different impacts on air temperature, which is not resolved by the WRF‐Chem. These findings highlight the need for community science engagement to reveal otherwise impossible insights for models, observations, and real‐time dissemination to understand, predict, and ultimately mitigate, urban neighborhood vulnerability to heat and air pollution.
New Evidence for the Importance of Non‐Stomatal Pathways in Ozone Deposition During Extreme Heat and Dry Anomalies
Authors: Wong A. Y. H. , Geddes J. A. , Ducker J. A. , Holmes C. D. , Fares S. , Goldstein A. H. , Mammarella I. , Munger J. W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDry deposition could partially explain the observed response in ambient ozone to extreme hot and dry episodes. We examine the response of ozone deposition to heat and dry anomalies using three long‐term co‐located ecosystem‐scale carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone flux measurement records. We find that, as expected, canopy stomatal conductance generally decreases during days with dry air or soil. However, during hot days, concurrent increases in non‐stomatal conductance are inferred at all three sites, which may be related to several temperature‐sensitive processes not represented in the current generation of big‐leaf models. This may offset the reduction in stomatal conductance, leading to smaller net reduction, or even net increase, in total deposition velocity. We find the response of deposition velocity to soil dryness may be related to its impact on photosynthetic activity, though considerable variability exists. Our findings emphasize the need for better understanding and representation of non‐stomatal ozone deposition.