bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's Participation in the Health Workforce in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries: Application of a Gender Analysis Framework
Authors: Ayaz Basnama , Hall Linda McGillis , Martmianakis Maria Athina , Muntaner Carles , Burnside Heather , Nelson Sioban 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gender analysis is a process for assessing the impact of several development activities in the healthcare system on individual women, men, and other genders. Several gender analysis frameworks guide to undertake gender analysis in planning, implementing, and evaluating the impact of the various development initiatives, ranging from humanitarian assistance to a broader socio-economic development in the context, including the progress towards gender equality in access to and control over resources, and changes in gender relation.
Methods
We applied a gender analysis framework (GAF) proposed by Morgan and colleagues to the empirical literature on women's participation in the health workforce. The GAF guided analysis of the gendered dynamics among males and females between and within medicine, nursing, and midwifery professionals in the human resources for health (HRH) in fragile and conflict-affected states/countries (FCASs).
Results
Analysis revealed strong gendered patterns influenced unequal access to resources, division of labor, social norms, ideologies and beliefs, and rules and decision making, which disproportionately affected more women than men in FCASs. Based on the findings, we recommend governments in FCAS offer equal opportunities for both the male and female health workforce to address their practical needs as beneficiaries to improve their living conditions and address strategic needs, particularly empowering women and transforming their position in society. Similarly, gender equality must be considered more centrally in health systems research to reinforce transformative social and political interventions empirically from the conception of the research idea, the participation in the processes as participants and researchers to achieve the intended outcomes.
Conclusion
The gender analysis framework helped analyze gender power dynamics between males and females in the health workforce in different FCASs that affected women's access to resources, role performance, values, and perspectives, and decision making, which have implications for reinforcing equal opportunities for males and females in the workforce and the health systems research.
Longitudinal associations among physical activity and sitting with endocrine symptoms and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Lucas Alexander R , Kim Youngdeok , Lanoye Autumn , Franco R. Lee , Sutton Arnethea , LaRose Jessica G , Ross Masey , Sheppard Vanessa B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

PurposeWe aimed to determine whether physical activity (PA) may mitigate side effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET), or whether prolonged sitting may exacerbate them. AET often causes debilitating endocrine symptoms that compromise quality of life (QOL) in women diagnosed with hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC).
Methods We examined longitudinal patterns among PA and sitting with endocrine symptoms and QOL over 3 years in 554 female BC survivors undergoing AET using parallel process latent growth curve models.
Results At baseline, women were a mean age of 59 years, mostly white (72%), with overweight/obesity (67%), and approximately 50% being within 1 year of diagnosis. Unconditional models showed a significant increase in PA (P<.01) over time but no change in sitting. Endocrine symptoms, general and BC-specific QOL all got significantly worse over time (P<.01). Parallel process models showed no cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between PA and endocrine symptoms, but higher PA was associated with higher QOL (P=.01). Increases in PA were not associated with changes in QOL. Conversely, higher baseline sitting time was associated with worse endocrine symptoms, general and BC specific QOL (Ps<.01), yet worse baseline endocrine symptoms were associated with a slower rate of increase in sitting (P<.01). Better baseline QOL was also associated with an increase in sitting (Ps<.01) while an increase in sitting was associated with reductions in symptoms (P=.017). Model fit statistics (x2, CFI, TLI, SRMR) were acceptable.
Conclusion Both PA and sitting are important for managing symptoms and maintaining QOL in BC survivors.
Multiple indicators of violence against female sex workers and its associated factors in Ghana: Evidence from the 2015 Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey
Authors: Ayamah P , Atuahene KS , Annang DA , Nartey DT , Amuasi SA , Abrefa-Gyan T , Aheto Justice Moses K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Violence against female sex workers (FSWs) is a widespread phenomenon, especially in African nations like Ghana where sex work is outlawed primarily because of the pervasive worldview that sex work is a contravention of morality. Violence against FSWs deters them from accessing critical health services and heightens their risk of STIs including HIV infection. To address this important issue, it is expedient to understand the prevalence and the associated factors of multiple indicators of violence against FSWs to inform evidence-based and urgent targeted public health policy and intervention strategies.
Method
The study utilised a cross-sectional secondary data from the 2015 Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) conducted among FSWs and their non-paying partners by Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC). We analysed data on a total of 4279 participants. Bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify factors associated with physical and sexual violence against FSWs. Data were analysed using Stata version 15.
Results
The study found the prevalence of physical and sexual violence as 10.1% and 24.8% respectively. Physical violence was perpetrated mainly by first-time paying clients (50.6%) and regular paying clients (31.0%) with similar trend observed for sexual violence. The predictors of physical violence are being a seater (aOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.74), aged ≥40 (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.64), non-use of drugs (aOR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.44-0.70), and not using alcohol before sex (aOR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.56-0.86). Sexual violence was predicted by those aged age 31-40 (aOR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94) and age≥40 (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.22-0.66), currently married (aOR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.27-0.67), having no living children (aOR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.51-0.94), non-use of drugs (aOR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94), and not using alcohol before sex (aOR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.63-0.86). Region and other source of income were associated with both physical and sexual violence. Both physical and sexual violence had negative consequences on consistency of condom use and condom failure among FSWs.
Conclusion
Physical and sexual violence against FSWs is pervasive, and a critical public health issue in Ghana. The identified associated factors could be considered as part of an overall strategy aimed at addressing the menace. Further studies are warranted to devise multisectoral approaches for appropriate policy and intervention strategies aimed at regulating the practice.
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Training Need Assessment for Medical Laboratory Professionals in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregzabher Endale Hadgu , Tesfaye Firehiwot , Cheneke Waqtola , Edao Abebe , Kedida Gizachew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuing professional development (CPD) is required for health workers in practice to update knowledge and skills regularly to match the changing complexity of healthcare needs. The objective of this study was to identify the training needs of Medical Laboratory professionals in Ethiopia.
Methods
A total of 457 Medical Laboratory professionals from five region and two city administrations were involved in the study. Data was collected from August 02 to 21, 2021 with structured self-administered online tool with five-point Likert scale. The tool had consent, demography, cross-cutting issues, and main activity area specific to medical laboratory.
Results
Majority of the participants were male (80.1%). Participants from Amhara region 110 (24.1%) were the largest groups in the survey followed by Oromia 105(23%) and Addis Ababa 101(22.1%). The study participants comprised of 54.7% with a Bachelor degree, 31.3% with a diploma (Associate degree), and 14% with a Master’s degree. The participants had varying years of service, ranging from less than one year to over 10 years of experience. Most of the participants work as generalists (24.1%) followed by working in microbiology (17.5%) and Parasitology (16%). The majority (96.9%) was working in a public sector or training institutions and the rest were employed in the private sector. Our study showed that the three most important topics selected for training in the cross cutting health issues were health and emerging technology, computer skills and medico-legal issues. Topics under microbiology, clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics were selected as the most preferred technical areas for training. Participants have also selected priority topics under research skill and pathophysiology. When the laboratory specific issues were regrouped based on areas of application as technical competence, research skill and pathophysiology, thirteen topics under technical competence, four topics under research skill and three topics under pathophysiology were picked as priority areas.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study identified that CPD programs should focus on topics that address technical competence in microbiology, clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. Additionally competencies in research skill and updating knowledge in pathophysiology should also receive due attention in designing trainings.
Beyond Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle – Staff perceptions on facilitators and barriers to implementation of telepresence robots in long-term care
Authors: Wong Joey , Young Erika , Hung Lillian , Mann Jim , Jackson Lynn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: COVID-19’s physical distancing mandates have increased the likelihood of experiencing social isolation and loneliness for residents in long-term care, especially those living with dementia. Social isolation correlates with health risks, including depression and cognitive decline. Telepresence robots can be remotely driven and facilitate social interaction through videoconferencing. Researchers have begun to explore opportunities for using these robots in the healthcare field. However, the perspectives of key stakeholders have not been fully explored. This qualitative descriptive study focuses on exploring staff and leadership teams’ perspectives on facilitators and barriers to implementing telepresence robots in long-term care.
Methods: We employed purposive and snowballing methods to recruit 22 participants from two LTC in British Columbia, Canada: operational and unit leaders, and interdisciplinary staff including nursing staff, care aides, and allied health practitioners. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided data collection and analysis. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted through in-person and virtual meetings. Thematic analysis was employed to generate insights into participants’ perspectives.
Results: Our analysis identified three themes: (a) ‘The robots are now more urgently needed.’ - the essential needs for family-resident connections, (b) ‘Listen to the voice of frontline staff’- meaningful engagement builds partnership, and (c) ‘I need to practice and practice’ - training and timely support gives confidence. Based on the findings and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guidance, we offer an easy-to-use tool ‘START’ to encourage the practical application of evidence-based strategies in technology implementation: Share benefits and successes; Tailor planning with staff partners; Acknowledge staff concerns; Repeat training; and Timely technical support.
Conclusions: Our study offers pragmatic insights into the complexity of implementing telepresence robots in LTC. Healthcare leaders should consider evidence-based strategies in implementing innovations beyond the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle.
Methodology for the historical and synoptic analysis of snows. Its application to the region of Castilla y León (Spain)
Authors: Ortega María Teresa , Morales Carlos Gabriel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A methodology is proposed for the study of snowfall, applied to the autonomous community of Castilla y León (Spain). It is based on two major pillars: the elaboration of a Snowfall Catalogue from the consultation of documentary sources (press) between 1979-2021, which allows cataloging all the episodes that occurred, from October to May; and the synoptic study of the atmospheric dynamics in those 43 years, identifying the different types of weather as a means of validating the cataloged episodes. The database created provides information on its intensity, duration and frequency, as well as its genesis, distribution, typology and climatic hazard. All this has been analyzed and has allowed to recognize different stages in its way of occurring and to estimate trends and behaviours both in the number of episodes and the number of snow days and their assessment in the current situation of climate change.
CHK1 Inhibition Overcomes Gemcitabine Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell A549
Authors: Ke Zhi-Yin , Fu Tian , Wang Xue-Chun , Ma Xuan , Yin Hai-Han , Zhou Jian-Ping , Liu Yong-Jun , Liang Ai-Ling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The purpose of the study is mainly to investigate the role of CHK1 in gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cell line A549. The mRNA and protein levels of genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay. The detection of the cell cycle was used by Annexin V-PE/7-AAD apoptosis detection kit. Analysis of DNA damage by immunofluorescence and alkaline comet assay. The results showed that inhibition of CHK1 and gemcitabine combination significantly reduced the proliferation ability of the two cell lines. We also revealed the degradation of full-length PARP and reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio on increased apoptosis. Inhibition of CHK1 expression leads to DNA damage, induces phosphorylation of γ-H2AX, and affects the repair of homologous recombination ability through Rad51. Mechanistically, gemcitabine increased phosphorylation-ATR and phosphorylation-CHK1, indicating activation of the DNA repair system and ATR-CHK1-CDC25A pathway. Inhibition of CHK1 resulted in increased synthesis of CDK2/Cyclin A2 and CDK2/Cyclin E1 complexes, and more cells entered the subsequent cell cycle, leading to S phase arrest and mitotic catastrophe. We identified inhibition of CHK1 as a potential treatment for NSCLC and confirmed that inhibition of this kinase could overcome acquired gemcitabine resistance.
Identification of potential biomarkers associated with meat tenderness in Hanwoo (Korean cattle): an expression quantitative trait loci analysis
Authors: Chung Yoonji , Jang Sun Sik , Kang Dong Hun , Kim Yeong Kuk , Kim Hyun Joo , Chung Ki Yong , Choi Inchul , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Meat tenderness is considered the most important trait contributing to beef quality, level of consumer satisfaction, willingness to pay premium prices, and industry profit. Genomic selection method would be helpful for genetic improvement of traits with low heritability and are difficult to measure. The identification of genes that affect beef tenderness can promote efficient genomic prediction in breeding programs. We performed statistical analysis of associations between longissimus dorsi muscle tenderness and gene expression in 20 Hanwoo cattle, using Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and RNAseq data, respectively. We found 166 core genes with significant regression coefficient. In expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, using the core genes and 777,962 SNPs for 20 individuals, we found 6 core genes (ASAP1, CAPN5, ELN, SUMF2, TTC8, and MGAT4A) regulated by 16 cis-eQTL SNPs. The variants within 5 kb of the transcription start site or transcription termination site of these core genes were significant (p < 0.01). Notably, we found that a cis-eQTL SNP of the ELN gene contained an MFZ1 binding site in its putative promoter region. These findings provide a useful information for genomic prediction using additive and non-additive genetic effects in prediction model.
Determinants of Tuberculosis in Central Region of Eritrea: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Mebrahtu Filmon G. , Teklemariam Habtemichael , Ghezae Meron M. , Belew Eden H. , Berhe Daniel N. , Tesfmariam Eyasu H. , Berhane Tesfit N. , Sengal Kiflu T. , Woldu Henok G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The WHO has recommended the need for holistic approach towards TB, including addressing the underlying socio-economic determinants in conjunction with Direct Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS). However, there is lack of epidemiological data in Eritrea regarding factors that are associated with TB and this study aimed to assess such factors.
Methods: A Matched Case-Control study was used to assess factors that are associated with TB in the Central Region of Eritrea. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics, living status, housing conditions, and medical history of the study participants. All TB patients in the eight DOTS treatment centers and two age-and-sex-matched controls for each case were included. Bivariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to identify the main risk factors of TB.
Results: The study recruited 67 cases and 134 controls. Bivariate analyses indicated that BCG vaccination scar, past alcohol drinking habit, history of hospital admission, previous history of TB, and family history of TB were found to be factors associated with TB. Moreover, results of multivariable analysis showed that, absence of BCG vaccination scar, family history of TB, past drinking habit, and history of hospital admission were found to be factors associated with TB among the study participants.
Conclusion: This is the first study in the Central Region of Eritrea that assessed the determinant of tuberculosis. Absence of BCG vaccination scar, family history of TB, past alcohol consumption and history of hospital admission were found to be independent risk factors for TB.
An improved linear prediction evolution algorithm based on nonlinear least square fitting model for optimization
Authors: Mohiuddin A. M. , Bansal Jagdish Chand 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The linear prediction evolution algorithm (LPE) is a recent addition in the field of optimization algorithm with few parameters and high exploration capability. LPE has shown excellent results in some real-world problems but still suffers from some issues such as slow convergence speed. To improve the performance of the LPE algorithm, this study presents an improved linear prediction evolution algorithm (ILPE) to enhance its exploration capability. The proposed ILPE algorithm treats the population series of evolutionary algorithms as a time series and uses the non-linear least square fitting model as a reproduction operator to forecast the next generation. The performance of the proposed ILPE is verified using the CEC2014 and CEC2017 benchmark functions. The comparison results show that ILPE outperforms LPE, and it is highly competitive with other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.
Can Life Be Quantified？A Survey on Medical Students Based on Ethic Dilemma
Authors: Ren Honglei , Zhao Tong , Jiang Zheng , Shi Lili , Cai Yuyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, doctors' decision-making ability is closely related to patients' life, and moral orientation is one of the most important factors affecting clinical decision-making. So this study aims to understand the proclivity of choice by medical students and illustrating the awareness status and features when faced with difficult positions.
Methods
Develop an electronic questionnaire based on the ethical dilemma cases by Professor Sandel, and then distribute the questionnaires via sojump to the students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in order to investigate their moral orientation.
Results
The results show that among the trolley dilemma, the scenes in which medical students agree to sacrifice one to save another five in turns are the switch(47.6%), the side track(for a child)(38.0%) and the footbridge scene (8.5%). Postgraduates incline utilitarianism more than undergraduate students in switch and side track(for a child) (P < 0.05), and there are no statistical significances in gender and majors (P > 0.05). While in the emergency doctor case, most students prefer to utilitarianism regardless of whether the critical patient chooses to die voluntarily or not. On the contrary, students tend to choose denotology in organ transplantation case no matter the healthy man is willing to donate his organs or not. And when patient with advanced cancer voluntarily donates organs, female students and postgraduates are more inclined to the utilitarian principle than male students and undergraduates(P < 0.05). There are no statistical significances between majors in emergency doctor and organ transplantation.
Conclusions
This study suggests that medical students are reluctant to sacrifice one to save the other five, and the specific environment in clinical practice has a great impact on medical students. At the same time, this study suggests that medical ethics education still has shortcomings, which can be further strengthened.
Students’ experiences of learning in virtual classrooms facilitated by Google Classroom
Authors: Hamad Wahid B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study evaluates students’ experience of learning with virtual classrooms facilitated by Google Classroom at the institute of social work, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study employed the Activity Theory (AT) as a theoretical framework using the first triangle of the activity system, which includes three components Subject-Tool-Object (S-T-O). An anonymous online survey was adopted for data collection and the quantitative method was used to analyze data in this study. Additionally, the survey questionnaires were prepared and distributed using the KoBo Toolbox. The sample size considered a subgroup of the institute students, which includes the BTCLRPM, ODLRPM & BLRPM from the labor studies departments. At the end of the data collection period, 82 questionnaires were collected. Only 79 (96%) questionnaires yielded valid responses and were considered for analysis and 3 (4%) questionnaires were excluded as they are not yielded valid responses. The finding reveals that the student’s opinion specifies that overall students were more interested in learning activities using the Google Classroom platform as a learning tool and they could achieve learning goals in the ICT module. Alternatively, the findings from ANOVA comparing the differences between the groups of students concerning the use of Google classroom as a learning tool reveal that the ODLRPM and BTCLRM students demonstrated higher online/blended learning experiences using Google Classroom for the ICT module compare to BLRPM students. Finally, the study calls for institute policymakers to plan and initiate the policy for the usage of Google Classroom in the facilitation of blended teaching and learning.