bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the spatial characteristics of climate scenarios based on statistical and dynamical downscaling for impact assessments in Japan
Authors: Ishizaki Noriko N. , Shiogama Hideo , Hanasaki Naota , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Nakaegawa Tosiyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRepresentation of spatial dependence on temporal variations in climate scenarios is quite important when performing impact assessments in various sectors, including water resource management, agriculture, and energy. Although the complex terrain of Japan is closely related to the formation of regional climates, the spatial aspects of climate scenarios have not been investigated. To examine how well spatial dependency on temporal variations in precipitation is represented, we analysed the dependence of the correlation of daily precipitation time series for station pairs on the geographical distance between stations in several downscaled products for Japan. Although the bias correction (BC) method using quantile mapping was sufficient for removing the inherent biases at each station, we found minimal improvement in the spatial dependency. The performance was strongly dependent on the grid spacing of the parent model when the downscaling process was simple; it could not be improved by applying BC to the model output statistics. When analogue‐type statistical downscaling was applied, the observed spatial pattern of interstation correlations was much better reproduced; this was comparable to the results obtained using a dynamical downscaling technique with grid spacing of a few kilometres. Our results emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate data to represent the spatial variability of meteorological variables because mean bias‐based or accessibility‐based data selection may produce misleading results. The combination of an analogue method with BC of model output statistics has the potential to effectively represent the marginal and spatial aspects of climate scenarios.
A blended shifted‐fracture/phase‐field framework for sharp/diffuse crack modeling
Authors: Li Kangan , Rodríguez‐Ferran Antonio , Scovazzi Guglielmo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shifted fracture method (SFM) is an embedded method that enables sharp crack representations while using mesh‐fitted data structures. In the SFM, the true crack is embedded in the computational grid, but the crack interface conditions are approximated by, or shifted to, a surrogate crack composed of element boundaries (i.e., edges/faces in two/three dimensions). This avoids enriched degrees‐of‐freedom and cut elements, so that data structures and geometrical treatment are much simpler, while still maintaining mesh‐independent and accurate crack approximations. This article presents a continuous‐discontinuous model of fracture based on blending a phase‐field (PF) model with the SFM. The PF tracks the evolution of cracks inside a numerical fracture processing zone: diffuse cracks initiate, propagate, branch, and merge according to the field equations of energy minimization; no ad‐hoc criteria are needed. The PF damage variable is then used to define the geometry of the true crack. With computational efficiency in mind, the PF model is only solved in subdomains where additional crack growth is expected and the SFM representation is used elsewhere. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach in capturing complex crack patterns are illustrated by a representative set of two‐dimensional numerical examples.
Is the edge really necessary for drone computing offloading? An experimental assessment in carrier‐grade 5G operator networks
Authors: Candal‐Ventureira David , González‐Castaño Francisco Javier , Gil‐Castiñeira Felipe , Fondo‐Ferreiro Pablo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate the first experience of computation offloading from drones to real fifth‐generation (5G) operator systems, including commercial and private carrier‐grade 5G networks. A follow‐me drone service was implemented as a representative testbed of remote video analytics. In this application, an image of a person from a drone camera is processed at the edge, and image tracking displacements are translated into positioning commands that are sent back to the drone, so that the drone keeps the camera focused on the person at all times. The application is characterised to identify the processing and communication contributions to service delay. Then, we evaluate the latency of the application in a real non standalone 5G operator network, a standalone carrier‐grade 5G private network, and, to compare these results with previous research, a Wi‐Fi wireless local area network. We considered both multi‐access edge computing (MEC) and cloud offloading scenarios. Onboard computing was also evaluated to assess the trade‐offs with task offloading. The results determine the network configurations that are feasible for the follow‐me application use case depending on the mobility of the end user, and to what extent MEC is advantageous over a state‐of‐the‐art cloud service.
First non‐amber Mesozoic pseudoscorpion from Upper Triassic deposits of eastern Europe, with a description of two new fossil subfamilies (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Feaellidae)
Authors: Kolesnikov Vasiliy B. , Turbanov Ilya S. , Eskov Kirill Yu. , Propistsova Evgenia A. , Bashkuev Alexey S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPseudoscorpiones is one of the oldest arachnid orders, known in the palaeontological record since the Middle Devonian (c. 390 Ma). The following reliable indications of fossil pseudoscorpions occur in Early Cretaceous amber: Lebanese amber (c. 135–125 Ma), Spanish Álava amber (c. 113–100 Ma), Archingeay amber (c. 100 Ma) and Burmese amber (c. 99 Ma). Thus, there is a gap of at least 255–265 myr in the palaeontological record of pseudoscorpions. Therefore, the fossil feaellid pseudoscorpionArchaeofeaella henderickxigen. et sp. nov., described herein from Triassic deposits of Ukraine (c. 227 Ma) is of exceptional interest. Based on the analysis of previously unknown morphological features for the family Feaellidae, we placeA. henderickxiin Archaeofeaellinae subfam. nov. The previously described speciesProtofeaella peetersaefrom Burmese amber is placed in Protofeaellinae subfam. nov., based on comparisons withA. henderickxias more ancient and closer to the basal group, as well with Recent representatives of this family. Based on this new data, we show that the family Feaellidae survived the Triassic break‐up of Pangaea, and its earliest find is associated not with Gondwana, but with Laurasia; thus, the current ‘Gondwanan distribution’ of the family on the continents of the southern hemisphere is a relic of a wider (probably pancontinental) distribution.
The art of translational statistics
Authors: McCabe George P. , Newell John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTranslational statistics report results of an analysis of data in a way that is designed to facilitate the use of the results as a guide in practical settings. In this sense, they go beyond the basic inferential statistics that are the focus of most applications of statistics. The goal is to reach a target audience whose concern is how to implement results based on what has been learned. This audience may not have the statistical background to understand the fine details of the analysis, but it is essential that they understand what the results mean. We illustrate the fundamental ideas with several examples from a variety of settings.
A survey of numerical algorithms that can solve the Lasso problems
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Huo Xiaoming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn statistics, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is a regression method that performs both variable selection and regularization. There is a lot of literature available, discussing the statistical properties of the regression coefficients estimated by the Lasso method. However, there lacks a comprehensive review discussing the algorithms to solve the optimization problem in Lasso. In this review, we summarize five representative algorithms to optimize the objective function in Lasso, including iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm (ISTA), fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithms (FISTA), coordinate gradient descent algorithm (CGDA), smooth L1 algorithm (SLA), and path following algorithm (PFA). Additionally, we also compare their convergence rate, as well as their potential strengths and weakness.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Linear Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Computational Complexity
Motivationspsychologen als politische Aktivisten: Zur Politik der Selbststeuerung in den USA der langen 1960er Jahre
Authors: Held Lukas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel analysiert am Beispiel des amerikanischen Motivationspsychologen David C. McClelland, wie Psychologen in den langen 1960er Jahren über die Verbreitung ihres Wissens als großzügige Wissensspender mit gesellschaftspolitischer Agenda auftraten, ohne dabei das Feld der institutionalisierten Politik betreten zu müssen. Untersucht wird eine vermeintlich passive Form von Aktivismus jenseits von Lobby- und Beratertätigkeit, die sich den „Umweg“ über die Politik zu ersparen hoffte, indem sie Bürger zur Selbststeuerung animierte, um damit Veränderungen herbeizuführen, die angeblich jenseits strukturverändernder Maßnahmen lagen. Anhand zweier Fallbeispiele wird argumentiert, dass sich das häufig als „neoliberal“ eingeordnete Prinzip der Selbststeuerung parallel zur strukturverändernden Planungspolitik entwickelte und nicht erst deren Scheitern voraussetzte. Weil dies häufig auf unternehmerischem Weg geschah, führte dies in der Psychologie zur Entstehung des Unternehmer-Wissenschaftlers, der Wissenschaft, Training und gesellschaftliche Reform als Geschäft betrieb. Anders als die politische Einflussnahme durch Lobbyismus war diese Form des scientific political activism zwardirekt, insofern unmittelbar auf einzelne gesellschaftliche Gruppen eingewirkt wurde, hinsichtlich ihrer Erfolgsaussichten aber auchprekär, weil die Frage, ob die Adressierten das ihnen Angebotene für sich zu übernehmen bereit waren, von Bedingungen abhingen, auf die die beteiligten Wissenschaftler keinen Einfluss hatten. Schon in den langen 1960er Jahren, so das Fazit, waren Programme, die auf die Aktivierung des Individuums setzten, Teil dessen, was wir als staatlich gesteuerte Wohlfahrtspolitik erinnern.
Expression of phosphate and calcium transporters and their regulators in parotid glands of mice
Authors: Moser Seraina O. , Haykir Betül , Küng Catharina J. , Bettoni Carla , Hernando Nati , Wagner Carsten A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in plasma is under hormonal control, with deviations from normal values promptly corrected to avoid hyper- or hypophosphatemia. Major regulators include parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), and active vitamin D3 (calcitriol). This control is achieved by mechanisms largely dependent on regulating intestinal absorption and renal excretion, whose combined actions stabilise plasma Pi levels at around 1–2 mM. Instead, Pi concentrations up to 13 and 40 mM have been measured in saliva from humans and ruminants, respectively, suggesting that salivary glands have the capacity to concentrate Pi. Here we analysed the transcriptome of parotid glands, ileum, and kidneys of mice, to investigate their potential differences regarding the expression of genes responsible for epithelial transport of Pi as well as their known regulators. Given that Pi and Ca2+ homeostasis are tightly connected, the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis was also included. In addition, we studied the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on the expression of Pi and Ca2+ regulating genes in the three major salivary glands. We found that parotid glands are equipped preferentially with Slc20 rather than with Slc34 Na+/Pi cotransporters, are suited to transport Ca2+ through the transcellular and paracellular route and are potential targets for PTH and vitamin D3 regulation.
Percentage of intrathoracic stomach predicts operative and post-operative morbidity, persistent reflux and PPI requirement following laparoscopic hiatus hernia repair and fundoplication
Authors: Cocco A. M. , Chai V. , Read M. , Ward S. , Johnson M. A. , Chong L. , Gillespie C. , Hii M. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Large hiatus hernias are relatively common and can be associated with adverse symptoms and serious complications. Operative repair is indicated in this patient group for symptom management and the prevention of morbidity. This study aimed to identify predictors of poor outcomes following laparoscopic hiatus hernia repair and fundoplication (LHHRaF) to aid in counselling potential surgical candidates.

Methodology
A retrospective analysis was performed from a prospectively maintained, multicentre database of patients who underwent LHHRaF between 2014 and 2020. Revision procedures were excluded. Hernia size was defined as the intraoperative percentage of intrathoracic stomach, estimated by the surgeon to the nearest 10%. Predictors of outcomes were determined using a prespecified multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
625 patients underwent LHHRaF between 2014 and 2020 with 443 patients included. Median age was 65 years, 62.9% were female and 42.7% of patients had ≥ 50% intrathoracic stomach. In a multivariate regression model, intrathoracic stomach percentage was predictive of operative complications (P = 0.014, OR 1.05), post-operative complications (P = 0.026, OR 1.01) and higher comprehensive complication index score (P = 0.023, OR 1.04). At 12 months it was predictive of failure to improve symptomatic reflux (P = 0.008, OR 1.02) and persistent PPI requirement (P = 0.047, OR 1.02). Operative duration and blood loss were predicted by BMI (P = 0.004 and < 0.001), Type III/IV hernias (P = 0.045 and P = 0.005) and intrathoracic stomach percentage (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001). Post-operative length of stay was predicted by age (P < 0.001) and emergency presentation (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
In a multivariate regression model, intrathoracic stomach percentage was predictive of operative and post-operative morbidity, PPI use, and failure to improve reflux symptoms at 12 months.
Characteristics of heavy metals in soil of lead-zinc mining areas and changes of antioxidant enzyme systems in maize leaf under Pb stress
Authors: Jiang Ranran , Liu Ping , He Yongjian , Cao Yanru , Hou Xiuli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPb, Cu, Cd, Zn content of soil in mining areas and abandoned land, flats of the Pijiang River and farmlands were investigated. On this basis of soil heavy metal pollution, the changes of antioxidant enzyme system in maize (Qiandan 88) under different Pb concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg/L) stress were studied. The results show that the content of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn in soil is the highest in mining areas and abandoned land, followed by flats of the Pijiang River > farmlands, and that the variation range of Pb, Cu, Cd in mining areas and abandoned land are 106.40–2564.72, 14.83–490.88, 22.57–712.77 mg/kg, respectively, which are higher than that of the other land use types. When maize is under stress of 20–500 mg/L Pb concentration, T-SOD activity of maize leaves increase with the increase of Pb concentration and the highest value is 50.21 U/mg prot, but under Pb concentration > 1000 mg/L stress, T-SOD activity of maize leaves decrease gradually. The activity of POD decreases with the increases of Pb concentration, and the lowest POD activity of leaves in maize with the value of 93.24 U/mg prot is appeared in Pb 1000 mg/L concentration treatment group. MDA content in leaves of maize increases with the increase of the Pb concentration and the highest value is 101.98 nmol/mg prot, then the content of MDA decreases gradually when the Pb concentration is more than 500 mg/L, which indicates that the membrane lipid peroxidation of maize leaves under high concentration of Pb stress is serious and leads to the cell damage.
The Polar Contradiction Between “Power” And “Justice”
Authors: Wiese Harald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne might surmise that distributions (of payoffs) that result from (i) “power” or (ii) “justice” are not systematically related to each other. However, I claim the existence of a polar contradiction between these two types of distributions. The framework for my assertion is similar to the one of (Wiese et al. (eds), Rationality in Social Science: Foundations, Norms, and Prosocial Behavior, Springer, 2021), where interpersonal comparability of utility (ICU) is defended. ICU is important in the contexts of both bargaining (the power perspective) and welfare (the justice point of view). The bargaining-framework is evoked by the Shapley value from Cooperative Game Theory and in a sociological paper by Emerson. The particular welfare perspective taken in this paper is due to Harsanyi. The current paper (but not the former one) argues for a polar contradiction in the following sense: ICU parameters in utility functions that make one bargaining agent obtain a large share of a “pie” are exactly those that attribute a small share to the very same individual from a welfare perspective.
Comparisons between sequenced and re-sequenced genomes of historical subterranean clover mottle virus isolates
Authors: Fosu-Nyarko John , Adams Ian P. , Jones Michael G. K. , Fox Adrian , Jones Roger A. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report comparisons between the complete genomic sequences of five historical Western Australian isolates of subterranean clover mottle virus (SCMoV) from 1989–2000, and an infectious clone of its 1989 isolate. Sanger Sequencing (SS) and High Throughput Sequencing (HTS), or both, were used to obtain these genomes. Four of the SCMoV isolates were sequenced by SS in 1999–2002, but re-sequenced again by HTS in 2020. The pairs of sequences obtained from these four isolates differed by only 18–59 nucleotides. This small difference resulted from the different sequencing methods, the < 1–5 years each isolate was host passaged before freeze-drying prior to HTS sequencing, or a combination of both. Since SCMoV has not been reported outside Australia, this similarity suggests the population sequenced represents the progeny of either an indigenous virus that spread from a native legume to subterranean clover after its introduction or a recent seed-borne incursion from elsewhere. The ORF1 was the most variable, and the phylogenetic tree constructed with ORF1s showed the isolates grouped according to their symptom severity in subterranean clover, indicating the probability that ORF1-encoded P1 protein is a symptom determinant. A satellite RNA was associated with all SCMoV genomes obtained by HTS but none derived by SS.
Reexamining computer ethics in light of AI systems and AI regulation
Authors: Jacobs Mattis , Simon Judith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the emergence of AI systems and AI regulation showcases developments that have significant implications for computer ethics and make it necessary to reexamine some key assumptions of the discipline. Focusing on design- and policy-oriented computer ethics, the article investigates new challenges and opportunities that occur in this context. The main challenges concern how an AI system’s technical, social, political, and economic features can hinder a successful application of computer ethics. Yet, the article demonstrates that features of AI systems that potentially interfere with successfully applying some approaches to computer ethics are (often) only contingent, and that computer ethics can influence them. Furthermore, it shows how computer ethics can make use of how power manifests in an AI system’s technical, social, political, and economic features to achieve its goals. Lastly, the article outlines new interdependencies between policy- and design-oriented computer ethics, manifesting as either conflicts or synergies.
Personal Power in Africa: Legislative Networks and Executive Appointments in Ghana, Togo and Gabon
Authors: Osei Anja , Wigmore-Shepherd Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPersonal relations and networks have long been argued to dominate African politics. Since personal power is difficult to measure, much of the literature has remained either anecdotal or has used ethnicity to approximate power distributions. This article is proposing a social network approach to the analysis of personal power in legislatures and cabinets in three cases: Ghana, Togo and Gabon. We combine survey data on parliamentary discussion networks with a new data set on cabinet appointments. We find that power accumulation in one institution correlates with power accumulation in the other in all three countries, irrespective of the level of democracy: individuals build up a unique power base to advance their careers. We also find differences between the modes of power accumulation and elite integration across our cases. Our findings could stimulate new debates on personal power, regime survival and elite reproduction across different regimes.
How urban riots influence political behavior: vote choices after the 2011 London riots
Authors: Leon-Ablan Gabriel , John Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat are the electoral consequences of urban riots? We argue that riots highlight the economic and social problems suffered by those who participate, inducing potential electoral allies to mobilize. These allies can then punish local incumbents at the ballot box. We test this hypothesis with fine-grained geographic data that capture how exposure to the 2011 London riots changed vote choices in the subsequent 2012 mayoral election. We find that physical proximity to both riot locations and the homes of rioters raised turnout and reduced the vote for the incumbent Conservative mayor. These results are partly driven by a change in the turnout and vote choices of white residents. This provides support for the view that riots can help shift votes against incumbents who oppose the implied policy goals of rioters.
Control techniques for autonomous launching of ship-based unmanned air vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Crump M. R. , Bil C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutonomous shipboard launching of UAVs in a hostile atmospheric environment would greatly extend the usefulness of these aircraft. Currently a majority of UAVs are remotely launched under limited conditions. This paper presents control and guidance strategies that will allow autonomous launching under a much greater set of atmospheric hazards. Two modern control techniques are compared for use in this case. The main problem when dealing with low speed UAVs is found to be high steady winds causing stall. Several strategies are presented that can allow stall to be avoided and recovered.
Integrated engine management: a new approach to health monitoring and control of gas turbine aero-engines
Authors: Gribble J. J. , Dadd G. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntegrated engine management (IEM) is a technique for unifying and improving the control and health monitoring of gas turbine aeroengines by increasing the quality and quantity of information available about the engine's health and performance. The core of the system is a real-time engine simulation whose outputs are compared continuously with those of the real engine. Any differences between the predicted and measured outputs are attributed to inaccuracy in the simulation's component performance parameters (such as the compressor efficiencies) which are continuously trimmed to make the outputs of the simulation track those of the real engine. The result is a real-time simulation whose input-output behaviour matches that of the real engine very closely.