bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-litter-soil feedbacks driven primarily by litter type and plant compartment, but not modified by litter exposed to insect herbivory
Authors:   Jonathan Richard De Long (S98), Heinen Robin , Hannula S. Emilia , Jongen Renske , Steinauer Katja , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose Insect herbivory affects plant growth, nutrient and secondary metabolite concentrations and litter quality. Changes to litter quality due to insect herbivory can alter decomposition, with knock on effects for plant growth mediated through the plant-litter-soil feedback pathway. Methods Using a multi-phase glasshouse experiment, we tested how changes to fast- and slow-growing grass shoot and root litter quality caused by insect herbivores affect the performance of response plants in the soil in which the litter decomposed. Results We found that insect herbivory resulted in marginal changes to litter quality and did not affect growth when plants were grown with fast- versus slow-growing litter. However, there was a strong interactive effect between litter type (i.e., root versus shoot) and response plant compartment (i.e., root versus shoot growth): shoot litter resulted in a marginally negative effect on both roots and shoots, while the addition of root litter had a strong negative effect on root growth and a positive effect on shoot growth. Further, shoot litter exposed to insect herbivory interacted with response plant identity to affect root growth. Conclusions Our results suggest that whether litter originates from plant tissues exposed to insect herbivory or not and its interaction with fast- versus slow-growing grasses is of little importance. In contrast, litter origin (root versus shoot) effects on allocation to root versus shoot growth and species-specific responses to litter exposed to insect herbivory appear to play a critical role in the plant-litter-soil feedback pathway. Taken collectively, plant-litter-soil feedbacks likely affect broader ecosystem processes.
Central Venous Catheter Associated Bloodstream Infections and Thrombosis in Patients Treated for Gastroschisis and Intestinal Atresia: a Retrospective Cohort Study of 238 Patients
Authors: Schattenkerk Laurens D. Eeftinck , Musters Gijsbert D. , Otterloo Eliane D. de Mol van , de Justin JR. , Tabbers Merit M. , de Jonge Wouter J. , Heurn Ernest LW. van , Derikx Joep PM. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Central venous catheter related complications, mainly central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and thrombosis, can complicate treatment of intestinal atresia or gastroschisis. Incidences and risk factors, e.g., location (central versus peripheral inserted) or mode of insertion (tunnelled versus non-tunnelled), of these complications are widely unknown. Therefore, we aim to identify the incidence of and risk factors for CLABSI and thrombosis in these patients.Methods: Children treated for intestinal atresia or gastroschisis between 1998-2021 at our tertiary referral center were retrospectively included. Risk factors for CLABSI were identified using logistic regression and the correlation between thrombosis and location/mode of insertion was evaluated using chi2-tests.Results: In 238 patients, 35% developed CLABSI and 7% thrombosis. Treatment by enterostomy (OR:3.1;95%-CI:1.5–6.4) and non-tunnelled catheters (OR:2.0;95%-CI:1.3–4.6) significantly increased the CLABSI-risk whilst patient’s sex, catheter placement directly into central vein, preterm birth, trisomy 21, experiencing a major postoperative complication (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III) and birthweight didn’t. Catheter dwell time was shorter (p<0.01) and CLABSIs developed faster (p=0.02) in non-tunnelled compared to tunnelled catheters. Catheter related thrombosis occurred more often in non-tunnelled catheters (p=0.03), whilst no correlation (p=0.34) was found between location of insertion.Conclusion: CLABSI occurs in approximately one third of the children treated for intestinal atresia or gastroschisis and a catheter related thrombosis occurs in one in fourteen. When in doubt which catheter to use in these patients, a tunnelled catheter is preferred over a non-tunnelled, specifically in case of enterostomy formation, since a tunnelled catheter is comparatively less at risk of catheter related infections and thrombosis.
A Multi-Component Reaction for Covalent Immobilization of Lipases on Amine-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Amini Yalda , Shahedi Mansour , Habibi Zohreh , Yousefi Maryam , Ashjari Maryam , Mohammadi Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new approach was used for the immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL), Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) on amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2) via a multi-component reaction route (using cyclohexyl isocyanide). The used method offered a single-step and very fast process for covalent attachment of the lipases under extremely mild reaction conditions (25°C, water pH 7.0). Rapid and simple immoblization of 20 mg of RML, TLL and CALB on 1g of the support after 2h of incubation produced 100%, 98.5% and 99.2% immobilization yields, respectively. Thermal and co-solvent stability of the derivatives showed. The immobilized derivatives were then used for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production. The effect of some parameters such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, amount of methanol, water content for TLL or water adsorbent for RML and CALB and ratio of t-butanol (wt%) was investigated on the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. For immobilized RML, TLL and CALB the maximum FAME yield was 74%, 81% and 78% respectively.
Genetics Education in Primary Care Residency Training: Satisfaction and Current Barriers
Authors: Falah Nadia , Umer Amna , Warnick Emilea , Vallejo Manuel , Lefeber Timothy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Genetics education can be integrated into general care medicine through primary care residency programs. A study of primary care residents was done to evaluate quality, satisfaction, and barriers in genetics education in residency training programs. Thus, providing more evidence for the necessity for its development and progress.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive self-administered questionnaire survey was delivered to four primary care West Virginia University (WVU)residency training programsin 2020-2021. The anonymous 14-item survey included the following questionnaire domains: general data, genetics training satisfaction, and genetics education barriers. Results: The survey response rate was 52% (70/123) and 59 participants completed the survey. Overall, respondents viewed genetic education as critical to their chosen specialty (90%). Trainees at all educational levels obtained their education mostly from class based educational curricula (77% from lectures, 65% from didactic and 49% from grand rounds). The majority of survey respondents indicated insufficient experience with genetic patient care (34% ward genetic consultation, 5% clinic experience, 0% genetic department rotation). The percentage of residents who were satisfied with genetic topics were as follows: basic genetics (57%), capturing family history (82%), initiating basic genetic workup (15%), a basic understanding of the genetic report (23%), basic management surveillance in the genetic patient (18%), understanding the genetic referral and explaining it to a patient (47%). Residents reported barriers to genetic interest included complexity of the field (87%), followed by limited utility of genetics testing (41%). The most common suggestions for improving the genetic education component were to provide more lectures (61%), followed by enhanced advertisement of genetic education resources specifically rotations in the genetics department (22%). Other suggestions include the integration of genetic education in inpatient learning (20%) and providing research experience (7%). Conclusion: Primary care residents were satisfied with their genetic knowledge in the classroom and stated a clear need for enhanced hands-on clinical skills and research experience in their current residency training. The survey suggestions for improvement can enhance primary care residents’ genetic training that can lead to advances in rare disease recognition, precision medicine, and improve access to genetics testing.
The BETA-GBS score: A prediction tool for infective endocarditis in beta-haemolytic streptococcal bacteraemia
Authors: Hasegawa Ryo , Matsuo Takahiro , Mori Nobuyoshi , Takahashi Osamu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Although beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) is a less common causative pathogen of infective endocarditis (IE) than Staphylococcus aureus or viridans group streptococci, IE is a serious condition, and it is important to predict IE in BHS bacteraemia (BHS-IE). The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive score for BHS-IE.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing the clinical features of BHS-IE and BHS-non-IE in adult patients with BHS bacteraemia at a 520-bed tertiary hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from 2004 to 2020. IE was diagnosed according to modified Duke's criteria, and both ‘Definite’ and ‘Possible’ were included. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted using logistic regression.Results: Among 250 patients with BHS bacteraemia, 47 (19%) were diagnosed with BHS IE. The median (Interquartile rate) patient age was 71 (59, 84) years, and 121 (68%) were male. The proportions of group A streptococci, group B streptococci (GBS), group C/G streptococci were 14%, 38.4%, and 47.6%, respectively. Five predictors, either independently associated with BHS IE or clinically relevant, were used to develop the BETA-GBS prediction score: Blood pressure drop (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or on vasopressor) (1 point); Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP ≥ 10 mg/dl) (2 points); Thrombocytopenia (Platelet count < 150 /µl) (1 point); Auscultation of heart murmur (1 point); GBS (1 point). In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66 - 0.82). The cut-point was 2. A score < 2 had a sensitivity of 87% (95%CI: 0.743 - 0.952), a specificity of 37% (95%CI: 0.308 - 0.445), and a negative predictive value of 93%, respectively.Conclusions: We developed the score to help clinicians rule out IE in BHS bacteraemia. Further research is warranted for validation.
MRI Measurements Predict Major Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yan , Liu Xin-Zhi , Li Xiao-Ting , Wang Lin , Zhu Hai-Bin , Sun Rui-Jia , Guan Zhen , Lu Qiao-Yuan , Zhu Hai-Tao , Wang Wei-Hu , Li Zhong-Wu , Wu Ai-Wen , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Current low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score is lagging behind and only based on clinical symptoms patient described. Whether there are preoperative imaging indicators can be used to predict LARS is unknown. We proposed to identify patients with high risk for major LARS by MRI measurements.Methods: Patients received curative restorative anterior resection (median 75.7 months since surgery) from Sept. 2007 to Sept. 2015 were collected to complete LARS score. MRI measurements associated with LARS were tested, and a multivariate logistic model was conducted for predicting LARS. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model.Results: 255 patients (neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy) and 72 patients (direct surgery) were enrolled. The incidence of major LARS in NCRT group was significantly higher (53.3% vs.34.7%) (P＝0.005).This study showed that the distance between the tumor’s lower edge and anal rectal joint (ARJ)(DTA) was an important factor for major LARS in both groups (P<0.001). In neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group, the thickness of ARJ (TARJ), DTA and sex were independent factors for predicting major LARS; ORs were 0.382 (95% CI, 0.198-0.740), 0.653 (95% CI, 0.565-0.756) and 0.935 (95% CI, 0.915-0.955). The AUC of the model was 0.842 (95% CI, 0.794-0.890). In patients with direct surgery, only DTA was independent factor of major LARS, OR was 0.958 (95% CI, 0.930-0.988). The AUC was 0.777 (95% CI: 0.630-0.925).Conclusions: Baseline MRI measurements have the potential to predict major LARS in rectal cancer, which will benefit the decision making and improve patients’ life quality.
Barriers And Enablers To Switching From A Solid To A Liquid Formulation Of Parkinson’s Medication: A Theory-Based Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: Atkins Bethany , Bhattacharya Debi , Smith Caroline , Scott Sion 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Swallowing tablets/capsules can become difficult and dangerous for People with Parkinson’s (PwP) who develop oropharyngeal dysphagia. Switching to a liquid delays the need for progressing to last line patches/injections. However, liquids are rarely used therefore a change in prescribing practice is warranted but, as with any change in behaviour, may be met with resistance.Aim: To characterise PwPs and carers’ barriers and enablers (determinants) of switching from solid to liquid Parkinson’s medication formulations.Method: Underpinned by the Theoretical Domains Framework, focus groups with PwPs and carers were convened to identify determinants of switching, which were then used to develop a questionnaire distributed across the UK. Determinants were prioritised if ≥50% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that they were important to their decision to switch to a liquid formulation. Percentage precisions were reported as 95% confidence intervals.Results: From three focus groups and 131 questionnaires responses, PwPs and carers prioritised nine determinants. Three enablers had almost unanimous agreement: liquids’ flexibility for incremental dosing (72% ±8); decline in Parkinson’s control (72% ±8); prescriber’s endorsement to switch (70% ±8). The barriers: perception that tablets/capsules are easier to dose than liquids (72% ±8); and prescriber’s opposition to switching (70% ±8), attracted similarly high agreement.Conclusion: There is a desire to switch to liquids when Parkinson’s progresses and for their use beyond this to offer flexibility in dosing, a previously unrecognised indication for switching. The only notable resistance to switching may be addressed by innovations from the pharmaceutical industry to make liquids easier to measure.
Blocking Androgen Receptor/Androgen Receptor Variant7 Decreases Metastasis of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cells Through Modulating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Ali Belal M , El-Abhar Hanan S , Mohamed Ghada , Sharaky Marwa , Shouman Samia A , Kamel Marwa Wagih 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) is often expressed in breast cancer, but its role in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) type is controversial. Although AR and its splicing variant 7 (ARV7) play a role in the pathobiology of breast cancer, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine the influence of the blockers of AR (Enzalutamide) and ARV7 (EPI-001) on metastasis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in T47D, an ER+ breast cancer cell line. Methods: T47D cells were cultured/treated with Enzalutamide or EPI-001; cytotoxicity and cell cycle analysis were determined using Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay and Flowcytometry analysis, respectively, whereas metastasis was assessed by the Scratch wound healing assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of AR, ARV7, C-myc, N-Cadherin, E-Cadherin, NF-κB, ROCK1 and 2 and Western blot was used for evaluating the protein expression of cyclin dependent kinases (CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin E), Fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9). Results: Our results indicated that treatment with Enzalutamide or EPI-001 didn't significantly affect cell proliferation of T47D. However, cells were arrested at S-phase accompanied by a decline in CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin E and metastasis. Fibronectin, VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, ROCK1 and ROCK2 proteins were downregulated. C-myc and NF-κB levels were declined by EPI-001, but not Enzalutamide.Conclusion: Blocking AR/ARV7 has no effect on cell proliferation, but decreases metastasis by regulating key markers and processes involved in EMT in ER+ breast cancer cells.
Screening of four green microalgae potentially used as feedstock for biodiesel and nutraceuticals
Authors: Mohmmed Soha , Eladel Hamed , Battah Mohamed , Ibrahim Yasmine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Detection of oleaginous microalgae with high lipid productivity is a crucial feature for biofuel and nutraceutical production. Therefore, screening of microalgae from different habitats has become highly significant to face the request on these bioresources. Accordingly, the present study aimed to screen the efficiency of biodiesel feedstocks and the ability to accumulate essential fatty acids of four green microalgae (Chlorolobion braunii, Tetradesmus obliquus, Monoraphidium miutum, and Asterarcys quadricellulare), isolated from soil samples of Benha Egypt. Although T.obliquus was the highest biomass productive species (689 mgL− 1d− 1), M. minutum recorded the top of lipid productivity (29 mg L− 1d− 1). Fatty acid profiles of the four microalgae confirmed their suitability for biodiesel production where it recorded biodiesel properties within the limits of international standards. Also, species selection through PROMETHEE and GAIA analysis revealed that C. braunii is the best promising as a potential source for biodiesel production because it has a high saturated fatty acids proportion (39.75%) and shows cetane number (54.99) and low iodine value (100.57) and many other biodiesel properties within the standards limit. In addition, the screened microalgae showed a high percentage of omega fractions in their total fatty acids. Asterarcys quadricellulare and M. minutum recorded high omega-3 fatty acids content of 34.4% and 28.9%, respectively.
Evaluation of the ejector two-stage compression refrigeration cycle with work performance from energy, conventional exergy and advanced exergy perspectives
Authors: Xie Jing , Yang Dazhang , Jie Zhu , Li Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low temperature cold chain is the top priority of logistics development at this stage. CO2 (carbon dioxide) refrigeration system is widely used. However, the low efficiency of CO2 refrigeration system is the biggest obstacle to its development. In this research work, a novel trans-critical CO2 refrigeration cycle with ejector for cryogenic storage is proposed. The energy and traditional exergy model of the system are established, and the advanced exergy model is established based on the traditional exergy model, and the actual performance of the system is analyzed. The results show that the exergy destruction of each component of the ejector is the largest in the system, and the optimization potential is the highest in both traditional and advanced exergy models. After studying the influence of main parameters in the system cycle on the system performance and performance, it is found that there is an optimum intermediate pressure and gas cooler pressure in the system to maximize the system performance and efficiency. According to the influence of the change of system parameters on the system, it is found that the outlet temperature of gas cooler has the greatest influence on the optimization of ejector.
Enzymatic upgrading of nanochitin using an ancient Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
Authors: Barandiaran Leire , Alonso Borja , Reifs Antonio , Larraza Izaskun , Olmos-Juste Raquel , Calvo Alba Fernandez , Eceiza Arantxa , Perez-Jimenez Raul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Numerous enzymes have the potential to upgrade biomass converting it into high-tech materials for new technological applications. However, natural enzyme features, such as stability, often limit their use beyond the chemical conversion of the substrate. The development of strategies for the enzymatic conversion of biomass into high-value materials may broaden the range of applications of enzymes and enzyme design techniques. A relevant case is Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (LPMO), a class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Here, we shoe that an ancestral LPMO, unlike its modern counterpart, could efficiently generate chitin nanocrystal (EnCNCh). Physicochemical characterization of EnCNCh demonstrates modifications that make it superior compared to nanochitin obtained either by acid treatment or modern enzymes. We showed that EnCNCh was suitable for controlled 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as for engineering a biomatrix that combined with graphene oxide (GO) resulted in a hybrid conductive bioink for applications in bioengineering.
Study on optimization of the dynamic performance of the robot bonnet polishing system
Authors: Pan Ri , Hu Chunfu , Fan Jinwei , Wang Zhenzhong , Huang Xuepeng , Lu Feng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To solve the problem of processing quality degradation due to vibration in the robot bonnet polishing system (RBPS), the vibration generation mechanism of the polishing system is revealed based on the modal analysis and dynamic modeling of the RBPS. The modal analysis results showed that the operating frequency of the system is near the natural frequency, which makes the system susceptible to resonance. On the other hand, the forced vibration caused by the polishing force leads to high vibration at the end of the robot during the polishing process. In order to suppress the vibration generated by the polishing system and optimize the dynamic characteristics of the polishing system, a vibration suppression method to increase the damping ratio of the system was proposed. The experiments of SiC fixed point polishing were performed using both vibration suppression bonnet and original bonnet. The surfaces RMS and PV of the parts polished by the vibration suppression bonnet were generally better than those of the original bonnet. The vibration suppression bonnet has improved the convergence ratio of RMS and PV by 42.59% and 19.56% respectively over the original bonnet in the whole surface polishing experiments. The PSD analysis illustrated that the vibration suppression bonnet can better suppress the intermediate frequency errors. The effectiveness of the method in suppressing vibration and improving machining quality is demonstrated.