bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary metabolomics reveals the biological characteristics of early pregnancy in pigs
Authors: Zhou Chen , Cai Gengyuan , Meng Fanming , Hu Qun , Liang Guohao , Gu Ting , Zheng Enqin , Li Zicong , Wu Zhenfang , Hong Linjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Embryo implantation in sows is an important event during pregnancy. During this process, blastocysts undergo dramatic morphologic changes, and the endometrium becomes receptive. Studies have shown that developmental changes associated with the crosstalk between peri-implantation embryos and embryo-uterine are driven by various biomolecules secreted by the endometrium and embryos. In sows, changes in the uterus are also reflected in circulating body fluids and urine. Metabolomics reveals the metabolic state of cells, tissues, and organisms. In this study, we collected urine samples from large white sows during the peri-implantation period. The levels of urinary metabolites at different periods were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis techniques.

Results
A total of 32 samples were collected from 8 sows during the estrus period and at each phase of early pregnancy (9, 12, and 15 days of gestation). A total of 530 metabolites were identified with high confidence in all samples. Compared with samples collected during the estrus phase, 269 differential metabolites were found in samples obtained during early pregnancy.

Conclusions
The identified metabolites included lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, organoheterocyclic compounds, benzenoids, among others. Metabolites, such as choline and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, play important roles in pregnancy in sows and other animals. These results reveal the metabolic changes in urine of sows during early pregnancy phase. The differential urinary metabolites can be used for assessing peri-implantation status in sows. Understanding these metabolic changes may promote the management of pregnant sows through various interventions such as provision of proper nutrition.
A crisis mode in migration governance: comparative and analytical insights
Authors: Sahin-Mencutek Zeynep , Barthoma Soner , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Triandafyllidou Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper takes stock of the emerging literature on the governance and framing of both migration and asylum as ‘crises’. This study carries forward this line of thinking by showing how the crisis governance of migration is not just a representation or a discourse but emerges as a mode of governance with specific features. The study focuses on the refugee emergency of 2015–2016, covering however a longer time frame (2011–2018) and a wide set of 11 countries (those neighbouring Syria: Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey; countries that were mainly transit points: Greece, Italy, Poland and Hungary; and countries that were mainly destination points (Austria, Germany, Sweden and the UK). Through the meta-analysis of a broad set of materials arising out of the RESPOND research project, we identified three interacting governance features in times of crisis. These include (1) a multilevel but complex actor landscape (2) complicated and fragmented legal systems and policy provisions that may vary both at the temporal and territorial level; (3) a renationalisation narrative that seeks to bring this multifaceted and fragmented governance landscape together under the promise that the national state can re-establish control and solve the ‘crisis.’
A local QSAR model based on the stability of nitrenium ions to support the ICH M7 expert review on the mutagenicity of primary aromatic amines
Authors: Furukawa Ayaka , Ono Satoshi , Yamada Katsuya , Torimoto Nao , Asayama Mahoko , Muto Shigeharu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Aromatic amines, often used as intermediates for pharmaceutical synthesis, may be mutagenic and therefore pose a challenge as metabolites or impurities in drug development. However, predicting the mutagenicity of aromatic amines using commercially available, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) tools is difficult and often requires expert review. In this study, we developed a shareable QSAR tool based on nitrenium ion stability.

Results
The evaluation using in-house aromatic amine intermediates revealed that our model has prediction accuracy of aromatic amine mutagenicity comparable to that of commercial QSAR tools. The effect of changing the number and position of substituents on the mutagenicity of aromatic amines was successfully explained by the change in the nitrenium ion stability. Furthermore, case studies showed that our QSAR tool can support the expert review with quantitative indicators.

Conclusions
This local QSAR tool will be useful as a quantitative support tool to explain the substituent effects on the mutagenicity of primary aromatic amines. By further refinement through method sharing and standardization, our tool can support the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) M7 expert review with quantitative indicators.
E-book-based learning activity during COVID-19: engagement behaviors and perceptions of Japanese junior-high school students
Authors: Kuromiya Hiroyuki , Majumdar Rwitajit , Miyabe Gou , Ogata Hiroaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent spread of the COVID-19 forces governments around the world to temporarily close educational institutions. In this paper, we evaluated learning engagement, level of satisfaction and anxiety of e-book based remote teaching strategy on an online learning platform. The research involves 358 students at an urban junior-high school in Japan. Learning logs were analyzed to measure student engagement, whereas survey responses indicated their perception regarding the remote learning experience. Log analysis revealed that the average completion rate over 267 learning materials was 67%. We also observed a significant decrease in engagement 3 weeks after remote learning and different subjects and grades. Survey analysis showed students felt both satisfaction and anxiety about remote learning. However, there were significant differences in the level of satisfaction between different grades. The results indicated that (1) maintaining students’ motivation is a challenge to remote learning in secondary schools, and (2) we need to relieve students’ anxiety about their own progress in the class and their classes after the break. This study is the first to report trends in actual teaching–learning engagement, which were recorded during sessions of emergency remote teaching in Japanese schools. The results can inform the future implementation of remote learning in junior-high schools.
Parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Proma Tasnuva Shamarukh , Tasnim Zarin , Islam Md. Ariful , Urmi Tania Akter , Ahmed Sohel , Sarkar Abu-sufian , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Khan Umme Salma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about parental coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This survey estimated the prevalence and predictive factors of vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with NDD.

Methods
A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 10 to 31, 2021. A structured vaccine hesitancy questionnaire was used to collect data from parents aged ≥ 18 years with children with NDD. In addition, individual face-to-face interviews were conducted at randomly selected places throughout Bangladesh. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of vaccine hesitancy.

Results
A total of 396 parents participated in the study. Of these, 169 (42.7%) parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children. Higher odds of vaccine hesitancy were found among parents who lived in the northern zone (AOR = 17.15, 95% CI = 5.86–50.09; p < 0.001), those who thought vaccines would not be safe and effective for Bangladeshi children (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.68–15.19; p < 0.001), those who were either not vaccinated or did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine themselves (AOR = 12.14, 95% CI = 8.48–17.36; p < 0.001), those who said that they or their family members had not tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.07–4.25), and those who did not lose a family member to COVID-19 (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.03–4.61; p = 0.040). Furthermore, parents who were not likely to believe that their children or a family member could be infected with COVID-19 the following year (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.81–13.77; p < 0.001) and who were not concerned at all about their children or a family member being infected the following year (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.65–8.37; p = 0.043) had significantly higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions
Given the high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy, policymakers, public health practitioners, and pediatricians can implement and support strategies to ensure that children with NDD and their caregivers and family members receive the COVID-19 vaccine to fight pandemic induced hazards.
Safety and efficacy of ketamine-dexmedetomidine combination versus dexmedetomidine alone in cirrhotic patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohamed H. S. , Salman O. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with liver cirrhosis commonly undergo diagnostic and/or therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). These fragile patients are at increased risk to develop complications as most sedative drugs are metabolized by the liver.
This prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed to compare sedo-analgesia with ketamine-dexmedetomidine combination (KD1) (n = 35) versus dexmedetomidine alone (D2) (n = 35) in cirrhotic patients undergoing UGIE.

Results
UGIE could be performed effectively and safely with the KD1 (n = 35) group compared with the D2 group as no significant change in hemodynamics (HR and MBP) and O2 saturation (SPO2) from baseline values (P value > 0.05) while the D2 group revealed a statistically significant drop in hemodynamic parameters when compared with the KD1 group (P value < 0.001).
Also, the induction time was statistically significantly lower in the KD1 group (3.9 ± 0.9 min) compared to the D2 group (5.2 ± 1.1min) (P value < 0.05).
Recovery time was statistically significant faster in the KD1 group (4.5 ± 1 min) versus the D2 group (6.1 ± 1.6 min) with P value < 0.05.
Endoscopic procedure was highly effective in KD1 (100%) compared with D2 (71.4%) with P value < 0.001.
Supplementary fentanyl was given to 10 patients (28.6%) in the D2 group versus 0% in the KD1 group (P value < 0.001).
Regarding post-operative adverse effects, there was statistically significant discomfort in D2 (28.6%) compared with KD1 (5.7%) with P value = 0.02. Also, gagging was statistically significant in D2 (22.9%) compared with KD1 (2.9%) with P value = 0.03.

Conclusions
The ketamine-dexmedetomidine sedo-analgesia group is highly effective than the dexmedetomidine-alone group in UGIE procedures with rapid induction time, good hemodynamic stability good recovery profile with less post-operative adverse effects.

Trial registeration
1. IRB approval: 5 December 2016(Chairperson of Institutional Review Board of Ethics committee of Qena University Hospitals Prof. Ahmed Abuelyosr). The committee reference number is not applicable. 2. This study is registered in the Australian Newzeland Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) at the number 12615000367549. Trial Id: ACTRN12615000367549, universal trial number(UTN): U1111-1165-6212.
Effect of preheating on polymerization shrinkage strain of BIS-GMA free and containing resin composite restorative materials (in vitro study)
Authors: Lotfy Mohamed , Mahmoud Nermin A. , Riad Mona I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the effect of preheating of bulk-fill BIS-GMA free and containing resin composite on post-gel shrinkage strain. In a split Teflon mold, sixty resin composite specimens were prepared with dimensions 7 mm length × 4 mm width × 4 mm height. Thirty specimens of each tested restorative materials were prepared, ten specimens for each selected temperature used in the study (room temperature 23 °C, 50 °C and 65 °C). The resin composite was monitored for post-gel shrinkage strain for 3 min after light irradiation using strain gauges. For pairwise comparisons, Duncan’s multiple range test was used to analyze the data after two-way ANOVA. The p ≤ 0.05 significance level was chosen.

Results
Viscalor thermoviscous bulk-fill composite Bis-GMA containing had the lowest polymerization shrinkage strain values in the three different temperatures. There was a statistically significant difference between groups according to material used at different temperatures. Both tested materials showed the highest shrinkage strain when preheated at 65 °C.

Conclusions
While the technology of thermoviscous is introduced to deliver the viscosity of a flowable resin composite so reducing the polymerization strain, it actually had adverse effect on it. Preheating of bulk-fill BIS-GMA free resin composite either to 50 °C or 65 °C had no effect on decreasing the polymerization shrinkage strain. Polymerization shrinkage strain of bulk-fill BIS-GMA contains resin composite either without or with preheating far superior to that of BIS-GMA free resin composite.
Simulation of liver function enzymes as determinants of thyroidism: a novel ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Usman Abdullahi Garba , Ghali Umar Muhammad , Degm Mohamed Alhosen Ali , Muhammad Salisu M. , Hincal Evren , Kurya Abdulaziz Umar , Işik Selin , Hoti Qendresa , Abba S. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hormone production by the thyroid gland is a prime aspect of maintaining body homeostasis. In this study, the ability of single artificial intelligence (AI)-based models, namely multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and Hammerstein–Weiner (HW) models, were used in the simulation of thyroidism status. The study's primary aim is to unveil the best performing model for the simulation of thyroidism status using hepatic enzymes and hormones as the independent variables. Three statistical metrics were used in evaluating the performance of the models, namely determination coefficient (R2), correlation coefficient (R), and mean squared error (MSE).

Results
Considering the quantitative and visual presentation of the results obtained, it has been observed that the MLP model showed higher performance skills than SVM and HW, which improved their performances up to 3.77% and 12.54%, respectively, in the testing stages. Furthermore, to boost the performance of the single AI-based models, three different ensemble approaches were employed, including neural network ensemble (NNE), weighted average ensemble (WAE), and simple average ensemble (SAE). The quantitative predictive performance of the NNE technique boosts the performance of SAE and WAE approaches up to 2.85% and 1.22%, respectively, in the testing stage.

Conclusions
Comparative performance of the ensemble techniques over the single models showed that NNE outperformed all the three AI-based models (MLP, SVM, and HW) and boosted their performance accuracy up to 7.44%, 11.212%, and 19.98%, respectively, in the testing stages.
The size of via holes influence the amplitude and selectivity of neural signals in Micro-ECoG arrays
Authors: Sethia Manan , Sahin Mesut 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays are commonly used to record the brain activity both in animal and human subjects. There is a lack of guidelines in the literature as to how the array geometry, particularly the via holes in the substrate, affects the recorded signals. A finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the electric field generated by neurons located at different depths in the rat brain cortex and a micro ECoG array (μECoG) was placed on the pia surface for recording the neural signal. The array design chosen was a typical array of 8 × 8 circular (100 μm in diam.) contacts with 500 μm pitch. The size of the via holes between the recording contacts was varied to see the effect.

Results
The results showed that recorded signal amplitudes were reduced if the substrate was smaller than about four times the depth of the neuron in the gray matter. The signal amplitude profiles had dips around the via holes and the amplitudes were also lower at the contact sites as compared to the design without the holes; an effect that increased with the hole size. Another noteworthy result is that the spatial selectivity of the multi-contact recordings could be improved or reduced by the selection of the via hole sizes, and the effect depended on the distance between the neuron pair targeted for selective recording and its depth.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the via-hole size clearly affects the recorded neural signal amplitudes and it can be leveraged as a parameter to reduce the inter-channel correlation and thus maximize the information content of neural signals with μECoG arrays.
Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) evaluation of synchronous renal cell carcinoma and other solid malignancies
Authors: El-Badrawy Adel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) became more prevalent as the population aged and medical technology progressed. The purpose of this research was to review the findings of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in synchronous renal cell carcinoma and other solid tumors.

Results
31 individuals with synchronous renal cell carcinoma and additional solid cancers were included in this retrospective analysis. CT scanning was carried out using 64 MDCT scanners. All sixty-two malignancies were undergoing pathological assessment. Out of 685 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 31 individuals were identified with another primary solid cancer that occurred concurrently. All of our instances were pathologically verified. In all 31 individuals, clear renal cell carcinoma was found. The most frequent extra-renal malignancies were hepatocellular carcinoma (10/31), followed by breast carcinoma (4/31), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4/31), bronchogenic carcinoma (3/31), colonic carcinoma (3/31), prostatic carcinoma (2/31), urinary bladder carcinoma (1/31), periampullary carcinoma (1/31), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1/31) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (1/31) as well as malignant hemangioendothelioma (1/31).

Conclusion
MDCT scanning was an accurate imaging method for diagnosing synchronous renal cell carcinoma and other solid tumors. Even in the face of numerous cancers, the goal of therapy in cancer patients must always be curative. During the pretreatment examination, the potential of synchronous double malignancies with renal cell carcinoma should be explored.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules—Risk Factors and Cause Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Long , Wei Ying , Peng Li-Li , Li Yan , Lu Nai-Cong , Yu Ming-An 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a complication of thermal thyroid nodule treatment.

Objective
We investigated the influencing factors of RLN injury in patients who underwent thermal ablation of thyroid nodules.

Methods
The data of 1004 patients (252 male, 752 female; median age 44 years) who underwent thermal thyroid nodule ablation were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into benign cystic, benign solid, and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) groups. The parameters related to RLN injury were analyzed, including the largest diameter, location of the nodules, and shortest distance of the nodule to thyroid capsule and tracheoesophageal groove (TEG). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to select risk factors for RLN injury.

Results
The RLN injury rate was higher in PTC (6.3%) than in benign cystic (1.2%, P = 0.019) and solid nodules (2.9%, P = 0.018). PTC subgroup analysis showed that the RLN injury rate was higher in T1b (10.7%) and T2 (28.6%) PTC than in T1a PTC (5.0%, P &lt; 0.05). In the PTC group, TEG distance, anterior capsule distance, median capsule distance, posterior capsule distance, and maximum nodule diameter were risk factors for RLN injury. The logistic regression fitting of the nomogram showed high prediction efficiency (C-Index 0.876). The main cause of RLN injury was insufficient medial isolating fluid (MIF). The safety thicknesses of MIF for benign cystic, benign solid, and PTC nodules were 3.1 mm, 3.7 mm, and 3.9 mm, respectively.

Conclusion
Several risk factors for RLN injury should be considered before thermal ablation of thyroid nodules. The RLN injury rate could be predicted with the nomogram.
En Ascensione Domini: Jesus triomphant le jour de son ascension comparé a un capitaine victorieux (à patre pierson) [On Ascension Day: Jesus triumphant the day of his ascension compared to a victorious captain]
Authors: Steckley John 
Published: March 2022

Context
This text was written in Wendat by Belgian Jesuit Father Philippe Pierson (1642–1688), who came to North America in 1666. From 1673 to 1683, he lived and worked with the Wyandot community in what is now the city of St. Ignace near the tip of the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, on the shores of Lake Huron. It is the first part (Potier 1920:539) of a four-page text incorporated into the voluminous collection of copying, editing, and writing of another Belgian Jesuit, Father Pierre Potier (1708–1781), who worked with the Wyandot in the Detroit area from 1744 until his death in 1781. His collection was eventually published as an Ontario Archive Report, which represents the culmination of the Jesuits more than century and a half work with the Wendat/Wyandot people and their language.
Although Pierson lived with the Wyandot, he had been trained in the Wendat dialect among those people in their community Wendake, then referred to as Lorette, a little outside of what is now the city of Quebec. The Wyandot are a closely related people, whose communities at the time of first contact with the French were west of the territory of the Wendat, and close to the southern shores of Georgian Bay, Lake Huron. The French labelled them Petun because of their involvement in the tobacco trade. The Wendat called them Etionnontateronnon ‘people where there is a mountain or hill,’ owing to their proximity to Blue Mountain and other hills of the Niagara Escarpment. Both peoples were driven out of their homeland mid-17th century through European-allied struggles with the English-connected Haudenosaunee ‘they extend a house,’ known to English and French then as the Iroquois.
The translation into English and linguistic analysis are my own, based on what I have learned about the language for over 45 years of work. The inspiration to dedicate my research to the study of an Indigenous language came from Fred Wheatley, an Anishinaabe elder. He ‘lost his tongue’ through his experience in residential schools but regained it from his grandmother. He then dedicated his life to passing on that teaching to others, including me. When I learned that the Wendat people had ‘lost their tongue,’ but that the language was well-recorded and analysed in Jesuit writing, I knew what my life’s work would be.