bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice. (2020): Equity in school education in Europe: Structures, policies and student performance
Authors: Alonso-Sainz Enrique 
Published: January 2022

La equidad se ha tornado, en los últimos años, en un tema de enorme relevancia para la sociedad en general y para lo educativo en particular. En este informe, la Comisión Europea nos presenta una radiografía de la situación educativa en torno a la equidad de los diferentes países miembros. Para ello, se marcan una serie de indicadores como la atención a la primera infancia, la financiación de los sistemas, el tipo de escuela, la libre elección de centro, las políticas de admisión, el rastreo, la repetición de grado, autonomía de los centros, escuelas desaventajadas, apoyo a los estudiantes con bajo rendimiento o la oportunidad de aprender entre otros como marco que proporcione respuesta a la pregunta ¿es la escuela realmente equitativa en la actualidad?Con todo ello, la UE insta a los gobiernos a tomar medidas que mitiguen los problemas resaltados en el informe y a tomar posturas decisivas y contundentes que conviertan la educación en una herramienta de equidad social y no de diferenciación.
If the World Were a Village: Learning Mathematics While Learning About the World
Authors: Thanheiser Eva , Koestler Courtney 
Published: January 2022

[The If the World Were a Village book (Smith, 2011) and activity (described in this article)] was a really good way to open one’s perspective. As an American, I tend to be a bit focused on the United States, so to see how much [or how little] of the world is actually represented in my perspective was enlightening.
Living in the United States . . . I was surprised that only 5% [of the world population] were from North America.

Long-standing and ongoing calls exist for making mathematics meaningful, relevant, and applicable outside the classroom. Major mathematics education organizations (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics [NCSM], Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators [AMTE], TODOS: Mathematics for ALL) have called for mathematics to be seen as a tool for understanding and critiquing the world. To prepare students and teachers to do this, we must go beyond “everyday" contexts and include analysis of social justice issues into our courses. We share an activity designed to address these calls while also addressing the mathematics goals of the course. We share data showing that prospective teachers learned mathematics while also learning about their world and reframing their view of mathematics as a tool to make sense of the world.
Procrastination, Negative Emotional Symptoms, and Mental Well-Being among college students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dardara Elsaeed , Al-Makhalid Khalid A. 
Published: January 2022

The main aim of the current study was the examines the relationship between procrastination, Negative Emotions, and mental well-being. Participants from Saudi Arabia (n = 886; females 344, 38.8% and 542 males, 61.2%; Mage = 24.33, SD = 5.68). Participants completed online questionnaires on the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). As hypothesized, males procrastinated more than females. Furthermore, single ones procrastinated more than married ones. Depending on the study assumption that procrastination and negative emotional symptoms are related to poorer mental well-being, procrastination is related to higher levels of DASS-21 and decreased well-being. These findings suggest that age, gender, depression, stress, anxiety, and Well-being were predictive of procrastination. Findings add to the psychological literature and improve a better comprehension of the complicated associations between Procrastination, Negative Emotions, and Well-Being.
El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue examinar la relación entre la procrastinación, las emociones negativas y el bienestar mental. Participantes de Arabia Saudita (n = 886; mujeres 344, 38.8% y 542 hombres, 61.2%; Medad = 24.33, SD = 5.68). Los participantes completaron cuestionarios en línea sobre la Escala de procrastinación irracional (IPS), las Escalas de estrés por depresión, ansiedad (DASS-21) y el Formulario corto continuo de salud mental (MHC-SF). Según la hipótesis, los hombres postergaron las cosas más que las mujeres. Además, los solteros postergaban más que los casados. Dependiendo de la hipótesis del estudio de que la procrastinación y los síntomas emocionales negativos están relacionados con un peor bienestar mental, la procrastinación está relacionada con niveles más altos de DASS-21 y una disminución del bienestar. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la edad, el género, la depresión, el estrés, la ansiedad y el bienestar eran factores predictivos de la procrastinación. Los hallazgos se suman a la literatura psicológica y mejoran una mejor comprensión de las complicadas asociaciones entre la procastinación, las emociones negativas y el bienestar.
Emotional intelligence and adult attachment: effects on problematic smartphone usage
Authors: Aranda López María , García Domingo Marta , Fuentes Gutiérrez Virgina , Linares Martínez Rocío 
Published: January 2022

Smartphone usage can become problematic when individuals have difficulties in emotional regulation. To clarify risk factors for problematic smartphone usage, the study had three objectives: To analyze the effect of emotional intelligence and attachment dimensions on smartphone usage; to evaluate differences by types and styles of attachment in problematic smartphone usage; to explore the roles of sex and age. For this purpose, the Smartphone Dependency and Addiction Scale, the Wong & Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire were used. The study included 552 young adults (M = 21.79, SD = 2.66; 74.1% women) selected by purposive sampling, and classified in Generation Z and Millennials. The results showed that low awareness of one's emotions (emotional intelligence), poor self-esteem and need for approval, hostile conflict resolution, rancor, and possessiveness (attachment) predicted problematic smartphone usage. Furthermore, insecure type of attachment and negative styles such as fearfulness were closely related to smartphone addiction. Sex had some explanatory power with respect to device use, with women showing higher levels of problematic smartphone usage. In conclusion, the findings support the importance of the secure and positive attachment system, and being able to evaluate and regulate one’s own emotions for preventing problematic smartphone use.
El uso del smartphone puede tornarse problemático cuando se presentan dificultades de regulación emocional. En la investigación se plantearon tres objetivos: analizar el efecto de las dimensiones de inteligencia emocional y el apego sobre el uso del smartphone; evaluar las diferencias en el uso problemático del móvil atendiendo a tipos y estilos de apego; explorar el efecto del sexo y la edad. Se utilizaron la Escala de Dependencia y Adicción al Smartphone, la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong & Law y el Cuestionario de Apego adulto. El estudio incluyó a 552 jóvenes (M = 21.79, SD = 2.66; 74.1% mujeres) seleccionados por muestreo intencional y clasificados en Generación Z y Millennials. Una baja conciencia de las propias emociones (inteligencia emocional), una pobre autoestima y necesidad de aprobación, la resolución hostil de conflictos, rencor y posesividad (apego) predecían el uso problemático. Además, el tipo inseguro de apego y los estilos negativos como el temeroso se relacionan más con este uso problemático. El sexo aportaba cierta capacidad explicativa, siendo las mujeres las que mostraron más problemas. Los hallazgos apoyan la relevancia de construir un apego seguro y positivo y de ser capaces de evaluar las propias emociones para prevenir los usos problemáticos del smartphone.
Neuropsychological and psychopathological variables modulating cognitive insight in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Simón Expósito Miguel , Felipe-Castaño Elena 
Published: January 2022

Cognitive insight is the capacity of patients with schizophrenia to evaluate their psychotic experiences and respond to the corrective feedback. The relationship with their neuropsychological functions and the modulation exercised by mood and anxiety are still not clear. To make advances and deepen our knowledge would have an important impact on our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms and intervention programmes. Two samples were chosen, one clinical with persons suffering from schizophrenia (n = 43) and another with healthy individuals (n = 50). The Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), a neuropsychological battery and questionnaire concerning depression and anxiety, was applied to them. The results suggest an influence of anxiety and the deficits in cognitive flexibility on the development of the mechanisms of Self-Reflection in persons with schizophrenia, with a different pattern to that found in healthy individuals. The results are discussed with respect to the intervention programmes.
El insight cognitivo es la capacidad de los pacientes con esquizofrenia de evaluar sus experiencias psicóticas y responder a la retroalimentación correctiva. Su relación con el funcionamiento neuropsicológico y la modulación que ejercen el estado de ánimo y la ansiedad están aún poco claras. Avanzar y profundizar en su conocimiento tendría un impacto importante sobre la comprensión de los mecanismos cognitivos y los programas de intervención. Se seleccionaron dos muestras, muestra clínica, con personas con esquizofrenia (n = 43), muestra personas sanas (n = 50), a las que se aplicó la Escala de insight cognitivo (EICB), una batería neuropsicológica y cuestionarios de depresión y ansiedad. Los resultados sugieren una influencia de la ansiedad y de los déficits de flexibilidad cognitiva en el desarrollo de los mecanismos de la Auto-Reflexión en personas con esquizofrenia, con un patrón diferente al encontrado en personas sanas. Se discuten los resultados con respecto a los programas de intervención.
The impact of a peer-tutoring program to improve self-regulated learning
Authors: Fernández-Martín Francisco Domingo , Arco-Tirado José Luis , Hervás-Torres Mirian 
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to check the impact of an intervention program based on peer-tutoring on self-regulated learning of freshmen, as well as on peer tutors. The sample consisted of 102 freshmen (51 experimental group y 51 control group) and 50 seniors from four different university degrees. Self-regulated learning was measured by the Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire. After assigning freshmen randomly to either the experimental or control condition, the study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group controlled by statistical techniques, the intervention consisted of 20 individual tutoring sessions highly structured to freshmen delivered by seniors or tutors, after receiving three sessions of training on tutoring. The results yield statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning on participants.
El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar el impacto de un programa de intervención basado en la tutoría entre iguales para mejorar la autorregulación del aprendizaje del alumnado universitario de nuevo ingreso, identificando asimismo sus efectos en el alumnado tutor. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 102 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso (51 grupo experimental y 51 grupo control) y 50 estudiantes de último curso de cuatro titulaciones. La autorregulación del aprendizaje se evaluó a través del Cuestionario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Motivación. Después de asignar aleatoriamente al alumnado de nuevo ingreso a la condición experimental o control de un diseño cuasiexperimental con grupo control no equivalente mejorado con técnicas de control estadístico, la intervención consistió en 20 sesiones individuales de tutoría altamente estructuradas con el alumnado de nuevo ingreso, dirigidas por el alumnado de último curso o tutor, que fue previamente entrenado para ello en tres sesiones de formación. Los resultados arrojan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en autorregulación del aprendizaje para el alumnado participante.
Extra high superoxide dismutase in host tissue is associated with improving bleaching resistance in “thermal adapted” andDurusdinium trenchii-associating coral
Authors: Wang Jih-Terng , Wang Yi-Ting , Chen Chaolun Allen , Meng Pei-Jei , Tew Kwee Siong , Chiang Pei-Wen , Tang Sen-Lin 
Published: January 2022

Global warming threatens reef-building corals with large-scale bleaching events; therefore, it is important to discover potential adaptive capabilities for increasing their temperature resistance before it is too late. This study presents two coral species (Platygyra verweyiandIsopora palifera) surviving on a reef having regular hot water influxes via a nearby nuclear power plant that exhibited completely different bleaching susceptibilities to thermal stress, even though both species shared several so-called “winner” characteristics (e.g.,containingDurusdinium trenchii, thick tissue,etc.). During acute heating treatment, algal density did not decline inP. verweyicorals within three days of being directly transferred from 25 to 31 °C; however, the same treatment causedI.paliferato lose < 70% of its algal symbionts within 24 h. The most distinctive feature between the two coral species was an overwhelmingly higher constitutive superoxide dismutase (ca. 10-fold) and catalase (ca. 3-fold) inP. verweyioverI. palifera. Moreover,P. verweyialso contained significantly higher saturated and lower mono-unsaturated fatty acids, especially a long-chain saturated fatty acid (C22:0), thanI. palifera, and was consistently associated with the symbiotic bacteriaEndozoicomonas, which was not found inI. palifera. However, antibiotic treatment and inoculation tests did not supportEndozoicomonashaving a direct contribution to thermal resistance. This study highlights that, besides its association with a thermally tolerable algal symbiont, a high level of constitutive antioxidant enzymes in the coral host is crucial for coral survivorship in the more fluctuating and higher temperature environments.
Moodle Innovation Learning Technology for Medical Education: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Nataliia Lobach , Liudmyla Isychko , Mykhailivna Dymar Nataliia , Ivanna Vakaliuk , Olha Yuryk , Ivanivna Bokova Svitlana 
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the medical and pharmaceutical education globally by disrupting traditional educational practices such as classroom-based teaching. This necessitated implementation of a distance learning via online platforms by medical and pharmacy schools around the world, including Ukraine.
Aims: The short review aims at studying the global experience on use of innovative e-learning platform Moodle for distant medical and pharmaceutical education, figuring out its advantages and disadvantages for teaching medical/pharmacy students and healthcare professionals, and working out some recommendations for its further implementation in Ukrainian medical schools.
Methods: For this short review, the authors relied only on accredited and peer-reviewed resources with free access articles available, such as Pubmed. The searches identified 32 full-textual content articles, of which 19 had been included in this paper and submitted to a narrative review.
Results: The Moodle platform is successfully used for distant medical and pharmaceutical education worldwide, including both high and low income countries, to provide e-learning for medical/pharmacy students and healthcare professionals of different level of education, in the form of both online only courses and blended learning. The platform is a good alternative to conventional medical education with an ability to substitute hands-on teaching for video and audio materials. The potential issues related to its use include possible technical problems, i.e. insufficient technological support or Interment failure, and necessity for proper preparation of the medical and pharmacy teachers.
Conclusion: E-learning via Moodle can be easily accommodated in the medical curriculum and offer an adequate alternative to the traditional teaching and learning activities, including both theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquisition. Its potential benefits clearly overweigh possible problems involved. The Moodle platform is recommended for further wider practical application for providing e-learning to medical and pharmacy students and healthcare professionals in Ukraine.
Evaluation of the Bacteriological Quality of Milk Sold in Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Nnenna V. Ezugwu , Nneka R. Agbakoba 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Contamination of milk products can result to severe intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in man. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of various milk products sold in Nnewi.
Materials and Methods: Using the Cluster sampling technique, 30 milk samples (5 pasteurized skimmed milk, 5 powdered infant milk formulas, 5 powdered milk, 5 unsweetened evaporated milk, 5 branded soya milk and 5 unbranded soya milk) were purchased randomly from different shops and hawkers around Nnewi. Sample processing was done by serially diluting samples in sterile 1% peptone water before plating onto Mannitol Salt Agar, Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar, Blood Agar, MacConkey and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar using the Pour-plate technique. Bacterial count and identification were done using standard bacteriological as well as molecular techniques. The molecular techniques used were Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sanger Sequencing and BLAST analysis on the NCBI BLAST online.
Results: This showed that 15 (50%) out of 30 milk samples were contaminated to varying degrees with bacteria. Nine (9) samples showed the presence of Escherichia coli with 32.14% of all the milk samples tested. E. coli was present in skimmed milk (20%), evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%) and unbranded soyamilk (100%) but was not isolated from Infant formula and Powder milk. Klebsiella spp. showed the second highest prevalence (28.57%) and was present in evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%), unbranded soyamilk (100%). Salmonella spp. (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk,Enterobacter spp. (14.29%) was isolated from powder milk and in unbranded soyamilk samples, Staphylococcus aureus(3.57%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.57%) were isolated only in unbranded soyamilk, Macrococcus caseolyticus (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk. Novel species such as Aquitalea magnusonii (3.57%), Alishewanella fetalis (3.57%) and Lysinibacillus macroides (3.57%) were identified by molecular analysis to be present in infant formula, evaporated milk and unbranded soyamilk respectively.
Conclusion: This research revealed that the bacteriological quality of some milk and milk products sold in Nnewi is not acceptable especially the unbranded soyamilk samples that showed gross contamination.
Theotokos (Virgin Mary)
Authors: Peltomaa Leena Mari 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Theotokos (“The one who gave birth to God”) is an epithet of the Virgin Mary. Its use was challenged by Nestorius on the grounds that no created being could give birth to God, but endorsed at the Council of Ephesos in 431 for soteriological reasons, namely because Jesus was both God and man.
The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration
Authors: Clark Kaitlin C. , Wang David , Kumar Priyadarsini , Mor Sirjan , Kulubya Edwin , Lazar Sabrina V. , Wang Aijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates “fetomaternal” tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC‐EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC‐EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
Synergistic Electronic and Pore Structure Modulation in Open Carbon Nanocages Enabling Efficient Electrocatalytic Production of H2O2 in Acidic Medium
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhou Yitong , Feng Yi , Yu Xin‐Yao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through 2e– oxygen reduction reaction is an effective approach to replace anthraquinone process. However, most reported electrocatalysts work effectively in alkaline medium in which H2O2 will easily decompose into water. It is still of great challenge to develop cost‐effective electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic H2O2 production in acidic media. Herein, it is first theoretically demonstrated that the adsorption energy of OOH* intermediate on carbon can be optimized by embedding Co nanoparticles (Co NPs) and tuning oxygen‐containing functional groups, ensuring high activity and selectivity. Guided by density functional theory calculations, highly porous open carbon nanocages with embedded Co NPs are designed and synthesized by template‐engaged method. The pyrolysis temperature can effectively modulate the electronic and pore structure of carbon nanocages. Impressively, the optimized carbon nanocages synthesized at 700 °C (P‐Co@C‐700) with highest percentage of –C–O–C group and defects, largest specific surface area (1351 m2 g–1), and mesoporous structure exhibit high selectivity up to 94% toward H2O2 production in 0.1 m HClO4. Furthermore, the P‐Co@C‐700 nanocages display promising application for efficient electro‐Fenton degradation of model organic pollutant.
Anchoring Sub‐Nanometer Pt Clusters on Crumpled Paper‐Like MXene Enables High Hydrogen Evolution Mass Activity
Authors: Wu Yucai , Wei Wei , Yu Ruohan , Xia Lixue , Hong Xufeng , Zhu Jiexin , Li Jiantao , Lv Lei , Chen Wei , Zhao Yan , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlatinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts are the benchmark catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); however, they are limited by the scarcity and high price. Introducing an adequate substrate to disperse and anchor Pt‐based species is a feasible pathway to improve the utilization efficiency. Herein, a quick and continuous spray drying route is proposed to fabricate 3D crumpled Ti3C2Tx MXene loaded with sub‐nanometer platinum clusters (Pt/MXene). The 3D crumpled structure inhibits the restacking of layered MXene nanosheets and guarantees the fully exposure of Pt clusters. The as‐prepared catalyst exhibits excellent HER performances comparable to commercial Pt/C, including a low overpotential of 34 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a superior mass activity (1847 mA mgPt−1), a small Tafel slope (29.7 mV dec−1), and a high turnover frequency (10.66 H2 s−1). The improved activity of Pt/MXene can be attributed to the charge transfer from Pt clusters to MXene, which weakens the hydrogen adsorption, as evidenced by the density functional theory calculations. The present contribution proposes a novel strategy to anchor low‐mass‐loading sub‐nanometer precious metal clusters on crumpled MXene with fully exposed active sites for catalysis.