bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movements of free-range pigs in rural communities in Zambia: an explorative study towards future ring interventions for the control of Taenia solium
Authors: Van Damme Inge , Pray Ian , Mwape Kabemba E. , Trevisan Chiara , Coudenys Fien , Mubanga Chishimba , Mwelwa Chembesofu , Vaernewyck Victor , Dorny Pierre , O’Neal Seth E. , Gabriël Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Taenia solium typically affects resource-poor communities where pigs are allowed to roam freely, and sanitation and hygiene levels are suboptimal. Sustainable, long-term strategies are urgently needed to control the disease. Geographically targeted interventions, i.e. screening or treatment of taeniosis among people living near infected pigs (defined as ring screening and ring treatment, respectively), have been shown to be effective control options in Peru. However, these results might not be directly generalizable to sub-Saharan African settings. Pig movements play a vital role in the transmission and, consequently, the success of ring interventions against T. solium. The aim of the present study was to explore roaming patterns of pigs in T. solium endemic communities in Zambia as a first step toward evaluating whether ring interventions should be considered as a treatment option in Zambia.

Methods
In total, 48 free-roaming pigs in two rural neighborhoods in the Eastern Province of Zambia were tracked using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Tracking took place in April (end of the rainy season) 2019 and October (end of the dry season) 2019. The number of revisitations and the time spent within rings of different radii (50, 100 and 250 m) around the coordinates of each pig owner’s household were calculated for each pig.

Results
The total tracking time for 43 pigs in the final analysis set ranged between 43 and 94 h. Pigs spent a median of 31% and 13% of the tracked time outside the 50- and 100-m radius, respectively, although large variations were observed between pigs. Overall, 25 pigs (58%) went outside the 250-m ring at least once, and individual excursions lasting up to 16 h were observed. In the dry season, 17 out of 23 pigs went outside the 250-m radius compared to only eight out of 20 pigs in the rainy season (P = 0.014).

Conclusions
In our study sites in Zambia, the majority of pigs spent most of their time within 50 or 100 m of their owner’s home, and these results are comparable with those on Peruvian pigs. Both radii could therefore be considered reasonable options in future ring interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Serving His Lord
Authors: Cunningham Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay considers devotional addiction in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. The novel tells the story of Mr. Stevens, a constant English butler in a rapidly changing world. Having spent his best years in service to Lord Darlington, he must adjust to an American employer, someone untethered to the traditions that have ruled life at Darlington Hall. Told in the form of a travel journal, covering a span of six days in 1956, the journey is an inner one at heart, an extended bout of self-reflection, with Mr. Stevens thinking about his calling as he has never done before. In the end, how clearly he sees himself and his vocation remains an open question, but careful consideration of his story can illuminate vital details about dedication—addiction in the sense of steadfast devotion. Specifically, the novel explores how Mr. Stevens is embodied by his vocation, having become what he does in a world where professional butlers revere their station and its duties. Unlike external addictions, like drugs or alcohol, devotional addictions cultivate and ultimately constitute a self in ways resistant to changing course at will. In the case of Stevens, the self gathers around a calling that can only be jettisoned at the risk of implosion.
Vicissitudes and Their Inscriptions
Authors: Shapiro Carolyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In his marking of the consequential vicissitudes that attend the more primary instincts, Freud articulates history as the discursive operation of the psychoanalytic undertaking. But his ambivalence toward the requisite writing of that articulated history comes through when he introduces the narrative genre of the case study. The first part of this article examines Freud’s implicit proposition that psychoanalysis is a complex articulation of history in that symptoms are noted and inscribed as consequential, present indicators of causal instincts (Triebe) that have been variously and “fatefully” rerouted. The second part reads Freud’s defensive presentation of the first case history, the “broken fragment” of Dora and her hysteria, considering Freud’s ambivalence toward his own historiographic operation. Freud’s ambivalence in relation to his new genre of narrative writing illustrates the more general productive ambivalence of historiography as outlined by Michel de Certeau.
Ethicomedicolegal aspects of the COVID-19 health services in preparing regulations and intermediaries for clinical dispute resolution: a systematic review
Authors: Purwadianto Agus , Sugiharto Ade Firmansyah , Sari Fitri Ambar , Roberia  , Cahyono Uud , Budiningsih Yuli , Alim Denys Putra , Faddila Nadia Ulfah 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many medical, ethical, and medicolegal changes, including constant adjustments in service guidelines. Continuing to revise healthcare regulations and guidelines can potentially cause clinical disputes or medical negligence that require ethical and legal solutions. This study aimed to determine the ethical and medicolegal aspects of the potential factors that cause clinical disputes during the pandemic and provide anticipative solutions to national ethicomedicolegal policies.
METHODS A systematic literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar was performed using keywords “clinical dispute,” “ethics,” “medicolegal,” “ethicolegal,” and “COVID-19”. The inclusion criteria were articles that contained information on shortage, justice, ethical distribution in intensive care, the possibility of lawsuits and disputes among stakeholders during the pandemic, and stakeholders’ roles in managing the pandemic. Key evidence was analyzed and synthesized following national ethicomedicolegal policies.
RESULTS We identified 19 articles from the 4 databases. Based on the literature, the main ethicomedicolegal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic appears in 3 aspects: (1) a shortage of fair and ethical intensive care services with fair and ethical distribution efforts, (2) legal protection for medical personnel from legal charges while providing health services during the pandemic, and (3) the government’s role in managing the pandemic together with the stakeholders involved.
CONCLUSIONS Ethicomedicolegal clinical dispute management and its norms require an update, especially when deciding the complexity of COVID-19 service standards. Ethicomedicolegal professionals are needed as intermediaries to manage cases of clinical disputes and to implement fair malpractice criteria in Indonesia.
Association of P-glycoprotein expression and response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Yulian Erwin Danil , Dasawala Filipus , Siregar Nurjati Chairani 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been shown to improve the overall survival of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients with pathological complete response. However, the efficacy may be reduced due to chemoresistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). This study aimed to explore the association between Pgp expression and patients’ response to NACT.
METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out from May 2018 to October 2019 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Koja Hospital. Treatment-naïve LABC patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the biopsy samples was done to semi-quantitatively measure Pgp expression. The clinical response was evaluated after 3 cycles of NACT, while the pathological response was evaluated for subjects who underwent surgery post-NACT.
RESULTS Mean age of the subjects was 46.2 (9.6) years old, and most of the cases were invasive ductal (78%) and luminal B subtype (61%). Pgp was strongly expressed in 21/27 subjects (78%). There were no differences between Pgp-positive and -negative subjects for clinical response (relative risk [RR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–4.01, p = 0.61) and pathological response (RR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–1.9, p = 0.22). Other clinicopathologic variables were not associated with either clinical or pathological responses.
CONCLUSIONS These results showed that Pgp is expressed in most LABC patients, but its role as a predictive factor could not be established. However, due to the limited subjects and a lack of standardized Pgp measurement, careful consideration must be done when interpreting these results.
Procalcitonin prognostic value in predicting mortality among adult patients with sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Effendi Bonita , Pitoyo Ceva Wicaksono , Sinto Robert , Suwarto Suhendro 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Gram-negative bacteremia was reported to have a high risk of septic shock and poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of procalcitonin in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria.
METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study performed based on medical records and sepsis registry of Tropical and Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria based on blood culture on admission and hospitalized between March 2017 and October 2020. Data taken from medical records included subjects’ characteristics, laboratory parameters, and 28-day mortality outcomes during hospitalization. Receiver operating characteristic was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) of procalcitonin and its accuracy.
RESULTS A total of 128 patients were eligible. The cumulative survival of patients with Gram-negative bacteremia was 48.4% (standard error 0.96%). The AUC of procalcitonin to predict mortality was 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.54). Escherichia coli was the predominant microorganism in blood culture (n = 38, 29.7%).
CONCLUSIONS Procalcitonin has a poor performance in predicting mortality of patients with sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria.
Knowledge of neuroscience boosts motivation and awareness of learning strategies in science vocational education students
Authors: Ruiz Mejías Marcel , Pérez Nora , Carrió-Llach Mar 
Published: April 2022

Interest in how neuroscience can support education has grown over the last few years. Based on the concept that neuroscience can help to tailor education, we carried out a workshop-based intervention for young adult students, with the goal of impacting their self-concept as learners. We surmised that educating participants about brain structure and function, and about the nature of learning, may change how students perceive themselves and elicit a positive mindset for learning situations. The aim of this research was to transform students’ self-concept, enhance their motivation, and provide them with useful tools for their education and long-life challenges as learners. For this, the MSLQ instrument and qualitative students’ assesment was used to collect data before, immediately after and 10 months after the intervention. Our results show that a program about neuroeducation and learning strategies, directly impacted student motivation. Also, students reported long-term use of such tools. We conclude that similar interventions may be useful in different learning contexts to help students become aware of self-motivation and the strategies they use, and thereby more effective learners.
Factors associated with coronary heart disease in COPD patients and controls
Authors: Svendsen Christina D. , Kuiper Karel K. J. , Ostridge Kristoffer , Larsen Terje H. , Nielsen Rune , Hodneland Vidar , Nordeide Eli , Bakke Per S. , Eagan Tomas M. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCOPD and coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently co-occur, yet which COPD phenotypes are most prone to CHD is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to see whether COPD patients did have a true higher risk for CHD than subjects without COPD, and to examine a range of potential factors associated with CHD in COPD patients and controls.Methods347 COPD patients and 428 non-COPD controls, were invited for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and pulmonary CT. Arterial blood gas, bioelectrical impedance and lung function was measured, and a detailed medical history taken. The CCTA was evaluated for significant coronary stenosis and calcium score (CaSc), and emphysema defined as >10% of total area <-950 Hounsfield units.Results12.6% of the COPD patients and 5.7% of the controls had coronary stenosis (p<0.01), whereas 55.9% of the COPD patients had a CaSc>100 compared to 31.6% of the controls (p<0.01). In a multivariable model adjusting for sex, age, body composition, pack-years, CRP, cholesterol/blood pressure lowering medication use and diabetes mellitus, the OR (95% CI) for having significant stenosis was 1.80 (0.86–3.78) in COPD patients compared with controls. In a similar model, the OR (95% CI) for having CaSc>100 was 1.68 (1.12–2.53) in COPD patients compared with controls. Examining the risk of significant stenosis and CaSc>100 among COPD patients, no variable was associated with significant stenosis, whereas male sex [OR 2.85 (1.56–5.21)], age [OR 3.74 (2.42–5.77)], statin use [OR 2.23 (1.23–4.50)] were associated with CaSc>100, after adjusting for body composition, pack-years, C-reactive protein, use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diabetes, emphysema score, GOLD category, exacerbation frequency, eosinophilia, and hypoxemia.ConclusionCOPD patients were more likely to have CHD, but neither emphysema score, lung function, exacerbation frequency, nor hypoxemia predicted presence of either coronary stenosis or CaSc>100.
Healthcare workers use of psychological support resources during COVID-19; a mixed methods approach utilising Pillar Integration Analysis
Authors: Richards Helen L. , Eustace Joseph , O’ Dwyer Amanda , Wormald Andrew , Curtin Yvonne , Fortune Dónal G. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
We sought to examine healthcare workers (HCWs) utilisation of formal and informal psychological support resources in the workplace during the first and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.

Methods
A convergent mixed methods approach was undertaken. Four hundred and thirty HCWs in the Mid West and South of Ireland responded to an online survey in terms of their use of psychological support resources during Wave 1 (April/May 2020) of COVID-19. Thirty-nine HCWs undertook in depth interviews at Wave 3 (January/February 2021), and a further quantitative survey was distributed and completed by 278 HCWs at this time. Quantitative data arising at Wave 1 and Wave 3, were synthesised with Qualitative data collected at Wave 3. A Pillar Integration Process (PIP) was utilised in the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data.

Results
Five pillars were identified from the integration of results. These were: a) the primacy of peer support, b) the importance of psychologically informed management, c) a need to develop the organisational well-being ethos, d) support for all HCWs, and e) HCWs ideas for developing the well-being path. These pillars encapsulated a strong emphasis on collegial support, an emphasis on the need to support managers, a questioning of the current supports provided within the healthcare organisations and critical reflections on what HCWs viewed as most helpful for their future support needs.

Conclusions
HCWs who utilised supportive resources indicated ‘in house’ supports, primarily collegial resources, were the most frequently used and perceived as most helpful. While formal psychological supports were important, the mechanism by which such psychological support is made available, through utilising peer support structures and moving towards psychologically informed supervisors and workplaces is likely to be more sustainable and perceived more positively by HCWs.
Prevalence of stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among mental healthcare professionals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Turki , Alghamdi Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Alhussain , Abumelha Khalid , Alqurashi Zahid , Alsaleh Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To assess the levels of stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among mental healthcare professionals in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on mental healthcare professionals in Jeddah between January 2017 and October 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics and levels of stress, burnout, and job satisfaction were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). Descriptive statistics were used. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess for effects of demographic variables on the perceived stress score, emotional exhaustion (EE) score, depersonalization (DP) score, professional accomplishment (PA) score, and the job satisfaction score (JSS).

Results
A total of 107 participants were included (50.5% men; 49.5% women) with response rate of 79.2%. Prevalence of stress was 56.1%. High levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were present among 41 (38.3%) and 26 (24.3%) of the respondents, respectively, while high score of low personal accomplishment were present among 61 (57%) respondents. In terms of job satisfaction, 25 (23.4%) were satisfied and 74 (69.2%) were indecisive. Male participants’ emotional exhaustion score (27±12) was significantly higher than females (22 ±10), (t(105) = 1.99, p-value = 0.049). Also, participants with a monthly income above SR 20,000 had significantly higher total job satisfaction (p-value = 0.041).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest rates of stress and burnout among mental health professionals that warrant attention, with less than one-quarter of the participants being satisfied with their jobs. Further studies are needed to expand the findings and to explore the contributing factors. Additionally, interventions should be established by authorities to address the increasing rates of stress and burnout.
Movimiento sobre el tablero: el golpe de Estado como ventana de oportunidad para la transformación del conflicto en Myanmar
Authors: Álvarez Quintáns Sara 
Published: April 2022

Con el golpe de Estado llevado a cabo por el Tatmadaw el 1 de febrero de 2021, el conflicto en Myanmar ha tomado una nueva ruta. La violencia desproporcionada empleada contra los manifestantes contrarios al golpe ha contribuido a la movilización de la población, tanto miliciana como civil.
El objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar si el golpe ha sido un factor determinante en la reactivación de las resistencias étnicas armadas en el país, y en qué grado. Para ello, se analizará la situación de los grupos armados más importantes antes y después del golpe militar, teniendo en cuenta los factores que hayan podido contribuir a ciertas modificaciones de los estatus de actividad, así como los nuevos actores implicados.
A cohort analysis of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG levels and neutralizing antibodies in fully vaccinated healthcare workers
Authors: Padoan Andrea , Cosma Chiara , della Rocca Foscarina , Barbaro Francesco , Santarossa Claudia , Dall’Olmo Luigi , Galla Luisa , Cattelan Annamaria , Cianci Vito , Basso Daniela , Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The waning of humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccine booster (third dose) has not yet been fully evaluated. This study updates data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD) binding antibodies (bAb) and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) levels in individuals with homologous vaccination 3–4 months after receiving the booster dose.

Methods
Fifty-five healthcare workers (HCW) from Padova University-Hospital were asked to collect serum samples for determining antibodies (Ab) at 12 (t12) and 28 (t28) days, at 6 months (t6m) after their first Comirnaty/BNT162b2 inoculation, and 3–4 months after receiving the 3rd homologous booster dose. HCW were monitored weekly for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ab titers were measured by two chemiluminescent immunoassays, one targeting the S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG), and one surrogate viral neutralization test (sVNT), measuring NAb.

Results
Twenty of the HCW had natural COVID-19 infection (COVID+) at different times, before either the first or the second vaccination. Median S-RBD IgG and NAb levels and their interquartile ranges 3–4 months after the 3rd dose were 1,076 (529–3,409) kBAU/L and 15.8 (11.3–38.3) mg/L, respectively, for COVID−, and 1,373 (700–1,373) kBAU/L and 21 (12.8–53.9) mg/L, respectively, for COVID+. At multivariate regression analyses, with age and gender included as covariates, S-RBD IgG bAb and sVNT NAb levels were closely associated with the time interval between serological determination and the 3rd vaccine dose (log10 βcoeff=−0.013, p=0.012 and log10 βcoeff=−0.010, p=0.025) for COVID+, whereas no such association was found in COVID− individuals.

Conclusions
The third booster dose increases anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels, elevated levels persisting for up to 3–4 months. Waning of Ab levels appears to be less pronounced for COVID+ individuals.
Fabrication of two multifunctional phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants toward improving the fire safety of epoxy resin
Authors: Yang Yunxia , Xiao Dan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP), two novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants, which named as diphenyl allylphosphoramidate (DPCA) and N-allyl-P, P-diphenylphosphinic amide (DCA), were synthesized by acyl chloride reaction and introduced into EP for fabricating EP composites. The combustion tests showed that incorporation of 5 wt% DPCA or 5 wt% DCA into EP led to the exceptional limited oxygen index (LOI) value (27.1% or 31.6%). Besides, the peak of heat release rate of EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA was reduced by 40.69% and 36.69%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The enhanced fire resistance of EP was ascribed to the trapping effect of fillers in the gas phase and the charring effect in the condensed phase. Furthermore, ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that both EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA have considerable transparency. This study is expected to broaden the application of EP in the industrial area.
Commutativity of prime rings with generalized derivations and anti-automorphisms
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur , Alnoghashi Hafedh M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the commutativity of a prime ring

ℛ

{\mathscr{R}}

with
anti-automorphism ψ and generalized derivation

(
ℱ
,
ξ
)

{(\mathscr{F},\xi)}

satisfying certain algebraic
identities. Furthermore, we describe the structure of any additive map which is ψ-centralizing on
a 2-torsion free prime ring with anti-automorphism ψ. We also provide examples to show that
various conditions imposed on the hypotheses of our results are essential.