bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Streptococcus agalactiae sialic acid mutant and evaluation of its potential as a live attenuated vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hao Jingwen , Wang Shuyi , Wei Zhaohui , Zhang Qianqian , Wu Zhenbing , Lin Yaoyao , Yang Jicheng , Zhang Jinyong , Zhang Defeng , Li Aihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to develop a live attenuated vaccine as an effective approach to prevent streptococcosis in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Methods and resultsWe eliminated the virulence factor, sialic acid (Sia) encoded by the neuA-D gene cluster from the Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) strain WC1535, to construct Sia-deficient S. agalactiae (ΔSia) mutant by homologous recombination. Results showed that the ΔSia mutant had higher adherence to HEp-2 cells and lower resistance to RAW264.7 cell phagocytosis than the wild-type S. agalactiae. The virulence of the ΔSia mutant to tilapia dramatically decreased with no virulence recovery. The relative percent survivals (RPSs) were 50.00% and 54.50% at 30 days when challenged at the wild-type WC1535 doses of 1.0 × 107 and 5.0 × 107 CFU fish−1, respectively, via intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The tilapia vaccinated via IP injection with the ΔSia mutant induced strong antibody agglutination titers. The expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MHC-Iα, and MHC-IIβ could be enhanced in the intestine, spleen, and head kidney for tilapia administered with the ΔSia mutant.ConclusionsGBS Sia plays a critical role in adherence to HEp-2 cells and resistance to the immune clearance of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the ΔSia mutant is a safe, stable, and immunogenic live attenuated vaccine candidate to protect tilapia against GBS infection.Significance and impact of studyThe results offer more evidence of the importance of Sia in GBS and may be instructive in the control of tilapia streptococcosis.
'At least there is something in my bra': A qualitative study of women's experiences with oncoplastic breast surgery
Authors: Hansen Stine Thestrup , Willemoes Rasmussen Lene Anette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThis study explores how women diagnosed with breast cancer may be supported by physicians and nurses during physical and existential changes related to oncoplastic breast surgery in Denmark. The following research questions were addressed: (a) how do women experience oncoplastic breast surgery, and (b) how does cancer treatment affect their body image?DesignA descriptive qualitative study design with a six‐step thematic analysis influenced by Braun and Clarke was applied in this study. This paper has been prepared in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.MethodsFourteen in‐depth interviews with seven women diagnosed with breast cancer were conducted from August 2018 to March 2019. In this qualitative study, data analysis was performed concurrent with data construction, recognizing that the process of analysis and making sense of data should start during the interviews. We explicitly frame the discussion of the findings in a theory of embodiment influenced by Merleau‐Ponty, consistent with the construct of exploring human experiences to generate meaningful knowledge for applied practice.ResultsTwo overall themes with related subthemes were identified: (1) 'Treatment is required for life‐threatening cancer', and (2) 'Striving for a new normal body'. Across both themes, women's experiences reflected a 'time pendulum' as they contemplated their past identity, their current rationale and their transition to a future beyond breast cancer with a changed body.ConclusionParticipants reflected on their past, present and future when facing an altered body image caused by their breast cancer diagnosis and oncoplastic breast surgery. The participants in the study expressed broad levels of satisfaction with the results of the oncoplastic breast surgery. The reconstructed breast helped them to live normally again, in particular maintaining interpersonal relationships. Breast reconstruction supported participants' embodiment experiences and redefinition of their 'new normal'.ImpactThis study showed the dynamic changes in self‐definition from receiving a breast cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment to oncoplastic breast surgery. The main finding of self‐redefinition was from the perspective of breast cancer women who were in a period of transition between post‐diagnosis and consultation for oncoplastic breast surgery. The findings indicate that advanced nurse specialists in the field of oncoplastic breast surgery can enhance psychosocial wellbeing and support women pre‐ and post‐operatively by focusing on patient experiences of self‐image and embodiment.
A case of recurrent endometrial cancer with long‐term complete remission following pembrolizumab‐induced severe immune‐related adverse event colitis
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Nagashima Takeo , Imai Yoshinari , Akitsu Kensuke , Yamanaka Zenta , Nishi Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEndometrial cancer is generally diagnosed at an early stage and has a good prognosis, although once it recurs, the prognosis is poor because of few therapeutic options. Since endometrial cancer has a high frequency of microsatellite instability‐high/mismatch repair deficiency, the anti‐PD‐1 antibody pembrolizumab is expected to be one of the key therapeutic agents for recurrent endometrial cancer. Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are autoimmune‐like unique and occasionally life‐threatening side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we report a rare case of recurrent endometrial cancer that showed long‐term complete remission after developing relapsing severe irAE colitis following the introduction of pembrolizumab.
Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited
Authors: Subramanian Sreedhar , Griffin George , Hewison Martin , Hopkin Julian , Kenny Rose Anne , Laird Eamon , Quinton Richard , Thickett David , Rhodes Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVitamin D, when activated to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, is a steroid hormone that induces responses in several hundred genes, including many involved in immune responses to infection. Without supplementation, people living in temperate zones commonly become deficient in the precursor form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, during winter, as do people who receive less sunlight exposure or those with darker skin pigmentation. Studies performed pre‐COVID‐19 have shown significant but modest reduction in upper respiratory infections in people receiving regular daily vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency, like the risk of severe COVID‐19, is linked with darker skin colour and also with obesity. Greater risk from COVID‐19 has been associated with reduced ultraviolet exposure. Various studies have examined serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, either historical or current, in patients with COVID‐19. The results of these studies have varied but the majority have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of COVID‐19 illness or severity. Interventional studies of vitamin D supplementation have so far been inconclusive. Trial protocols commonly allow control groups to receive low‐dose supplementation that may be adequate for many. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity in patients with existing COVID‐19 are further complicated by the frequent use of large bolus dose vitamin D to achieve rapid effects, even though this approach has been shown to be ineffective in other settings. As the pandemic passes into its third year, a substantial role of vitamin D deficiency in determining the risk from COVID‐19 remains possible but unproven.
Evaluation of the pathogenicity of chrysanthemum stunt viroid variants against dahlia under different conditions
Authors: Asano Shunsuke , Hirayama Yoshihiko , Yoshida Kandai , Naka Terufumi , Matsushita Yosuke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) is an important pathogen that decreases dahlia yields due to stunting symptoms. Here, we evaluated the effect of nucleotide sequence of CSVd, cultivation conditions, inoculum type and infection timing on CSVd‐infected dahlia growth. Inoculation with CSVd after planting resulted in reduced plant height in the second cut flower, but not the first, indicating that the infection may affect the growth of dahlias after approximately 3–5 months. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the degree of symptom severity among the plants infected with the two types of inoculum, synthesized CSVd RNA and CSVd‐infected plant sap. All three CSVd variants affected the growth of dahlias. The reduction in plant height was almost similar among the three variants. However, the reduction in plant fresh weight and compound leaf size in variant JP1 was significantly higher than that in the other variants in the spring experiment. The rates of blown centre in JP1 were also higher than those in the other variants in the spring and winter experiments under the 14.5‐h photoperiod. These results suggest that JP1 is a more severe variant than JP2 and JP3. Dark period interruption improved the reduction in plant height and weight and flower weight, as well as the rate of blown centre in CSVd‐infected dahlias in the winter experiment compared with the 14.5‐h photoperiod. Our results indicate that the three CSVd variants incite stunting symptoms in dahlias and nucleotide sequence of CSVd, photoperiod and infection timing affect the degree of symptom severity.
Systemic calcinosis in a Quarter Horse gelding homozygous for a myosin heavy chain 1 mutation
Authors: Sponseller Beatrice T. , Wong David M. , Ruby Rebecca , Ware Wendy A. , Wilson Scott , Haynes Joseph S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCase DescriptionA 9‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for lethargy, decreased appetite, polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), and severe muscle wasting suggestive of immune‐mediated myositis.Clinical FindingsThe horse displayed lethargy, fever, tachyarrhythmia, inappetence, PU/PD, and severe epaxial and gluteal muscle wasting. Clinicopathologic findings were consistent with previously reported cases of systemic calcinosis in horses, including increased muscle enzyme activity, hyperphosphatemia, increased calcium‐phosphorus product, hypoproteinemia, and an inflammatory leukogram. A diagnosis of systemic calcinosis was established by histopathologic evaluation of biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle, lung, and kidney.Treatment and OutcomeSymptomatic treatment was complemented by IV treatment with sodium thiosulfate to reverse calcium‐phosphate precipitation in soft tissue and PO aluminum hydroxide to decrease intestinal phosphorus absorption and serum phosphorus concentration.Clinical RelevanceThis is the first report in the veterinary literature of an antemortem diagnosis of systemic calcinosis in the horse that was successfully treated and had favorable long‐term outcome.
Code poverty: An adaptation of the social‐ecological model to inform a more strategic direction toward nursing advocacy
Authors: Hodge Lesley , Raymond Christy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this discussion paper is to explore how nurses can be strategically poised to advocate for needed policy change in support of greater income equality and other social determinants of health. We adapted Bronfenbrenner's social‐ecological model to highlight how four broad pervasive subsystems shape the opportunities that nurses have to engage in advocacy at the policy level. These subsystems include organizations (the microsystem), professional bodies (the mesosystem), public policies (the exosystem), and societal values (the macrosystem). On the basis of this adapted model, we recommend changes among modifiable elements of the microsystem and mesosystem that can help position nurses (ecologically and collectively) to advocate for public policy change and use examples from a Canadian context to illustrate these points. We believe that the ideas arising from this model can be widely used where policy action on the social determinants of health is needed to inform, guide, and frame change efforts and advocacy work.
Do asylum‐seekers respond to policy changes? Evidence from the Swedish–Syrian case*
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Jutvik Kristoffer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDo asylum‐seekers respond to policy changes in their destination country, and to what extent? We approach this question by using high‐frequency data, and we focus on a sudden liberalization in Swedish policy toward Syrian asylum‐seekers, which implied permanent instead of temporary residence. We show a clear and fast, yet temporary, increase in Syrian asylum applications in Sweden after the policy change. Also, the policy caused a shift – not limited to the short term – in the share of individuals arriving without family, and consequently in the share applying for family reunification. Our study adds quasi‐experimental evidence to the literature on inter‐country asylum flows and migration policy.
Analysis of stem cell collections in adult patients with Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Franke Georg‐Nikolaus , Pfannes Roald , Heyn Simone , Brückner Mandy , Rieprecht Susanne , Bach Enrica , Remane Yvonne , Leiblein Sabine , Pönisch Wolfram , Niederwieser Dietger , Schwind Sebastian , Platzbecker Uwe , Jentzsch Madlen , Vucinic Vladan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEwing sarcoma is one of the most frequent soft‐tissue tumors in pediatric patients. The current treatment protocols recommend stem cell apheresis (SCA) after completion of the second course of induction therapy with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicine, and etoposide (VIDE). The feasibility of SCA and graft compositions in adult patients with Ewing sarcoma have not been previously analyzed.Methods and MaterialsThe authors analyzed 29 stem cell collections of 19 adult patients (9 male, 10 female) at a median age of 27 (range 19–53) years mobilized after VIDE (n = 17), cyclophosphamide/topotecan (n = 1) or vincristine, dactinomycin and ifosfamide (n = 1) chemotherapy. All patients were mobilized with filgrastim 5 μg/kg twice daily from day +7 of chemotherapy. The collections were performed if CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood was >10/μL. The target yields were ≥4×106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight.ResultsMedian CD34+ cells/μL in peripheral blood before SCA were 45.8 (range 6.7–614.4)/μL. The median cumulative yields were 10.6 (range 1.5–38.8) CD34+ cells/kg body weight and ≥2×106 in all but two patients (89%). CD34, CD3, and CD56 yields in collections after the third VIDE and after later courses did not differ. Four patients underwent high‐dose therapy with autologous transplantation, and all were engrafted.DiscussionStem cell mobilization is feasible in most Ewing sarcoma patients. Additionally, the present study's data suggest that it is safe to postpone stem cell collection to a later VIDE chemotherapy cycle if medically indicated.
Geochemical Modeling of Engineered Water Injection in Carbonates Under Harsh Conditions: New Insights With Ionic Adsorption
Authors: Khurshid Ilyas , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Afgan Imran , Khurshid Bilal , Hassan Anas M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbonates are characterized by low oil recovery due to their positive surface charge and consequent high affinity to negatively charged crude oil, rendering them to a state of mixed-to-oil wettability. Thus, a better understanding of the rock/brine/oil interactions and their effect on potential-determining ions (PDIs) adsorption/desorption during engineered water injection is needed for realistic and representative estimations of oil recovery. Therefore, this study reveals a novel approach to capture various interactions and better predict the effect of PDIs adsorption/desorption as well as the concentrations of various ionic species in the effluent using Phreeqc. In this work, we determined the adsorption/desorption of PDIs for the first time using surface-complexation reactions and then we validated our results with experimental data from the literature. Our results revealed that the presence of PDIs and their respective adsorption/desorption results in surface charge decrease and increase in pH. Also, this study found that ionic adsorption depends on ionic strength and species activity where calcium adsorption remained constant while magnesium and sulfate adsorptions varied with ionic strength. Moreover, magnesium ion was found to be the most sensitive ionic species to temperature as opposed to calcium and sulfate ions. In addition, sulfate spiking and dilution decrease the sulfate adsorption since the sulfate starts reacting with magnesium and forming complexes. Additionally, deionized water resulted in the highest charge decrease and pH increase with related incremental oil recovery. The adsorption/desorption of ions is case-dependent and thus, the findings cannot be generalized.
Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow Through a 90-Deg Pipe Bend
Authors: Jurga Agata Patrycja , Janocha Marek Jan , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The turbulent flow through a 90-deg circular pipe bend is investigated by carrying out the numerical simulations using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model in the present study. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of different values of the curvature radius (Rc) and different Reynolds numbers (Re) on the flow development in the circular pipe bend by employing the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) to resolve the Reynolds stresses, unlike the research carried out so far where the turbulence anisotropy has not been considered. The curvature ratio defined as the curvature radius to pipe diameter (Rc/D) is varied between 1 and 4 and the investigated Re range is from 10,000 to 60,000. The numerical model is validated by comparing the axial velocity profiles with the previous published experimental data. It is found that for the fixed Re and decreasing Rc/D, the axial velocity, the velocity perturbation, and the pressure difference in the cross section increase and vorticity becomes stronger. When the curvature ratio gets smaller than 2, the flow velocity profile becomes highly distorted. For the fixed Rc/D, the influence of the Re on the flow behavior is small for the investigated range of Re.
PEPtalk 3: oral aciclovir is equivalent to varicella zoster immunoglobulin as postexposure prophylaxis against chickenpox in children with cancer – results of a multicentre UK evaluation
Authors: Cuerden Claire , Gower Charlotte , Brown Kevin , Heath Paul T , Andrews Nick , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Bate Jessica 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the occurrence of chickenpox in children with cancer who received varicella immunoglobulin (VZIG) or aciclovir as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).DesignProspective multicentre service evaluation of children with cancer who received either VZIG or aciclovir as PEP following significant exposure to varicella zoster virus (VZV) over a 24-month period from May 2018.SettingData were collected from 9 UK Paediatric Oncology Primary Treatment Centres.PatientsChildren under 16 years old with a diagnosis of cancer and/or previous haematopoietic stem cell transplant who were VZV seronegative at exposure and/or diagnosis and received PEP following significant VZV exposure.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of breakthrough varicella within 6 weeks of VZV exposure and treatment with PEP.ResultsA total of 105 eligible patients were registered with a median age of 4.9 years (range 1.1–10.5 years). Underlying diagnoses were acute leukaemia (64), solid tumours (22), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (9), central nervous system (CNS) tumours (8) and other (2). Aciclovir was received by 86 patients (81.9%), 18 received VZIG (17.1%) and 1 valaciclovir (0.9%). There were seven reported break-through VZV infections in 103 patients at follow-up (7/103, 6.8%). Clinical VZV developed in 5/84 of the aciclovir group (6.0%, 95% CI 2.0 to 13.3) and 2/18 of VZIG group (11.1%, 95% CI 1.4 to 34.7). All breakthrough infections were either mild (5/7) or moderate (2/7) in severity.ConclusionAciclovir is a safe and effective alternative to VZIG as VZV PEP in children with cancer and should be considered as standard of care.
Equity assessment of childhood immunisation at national and subnational levels in Myanmar: a benefit incidence analysis
Authors: Win Zin Mar , Traill Tom , Kyaw Zarni Lynn , Hnin Khaing Thandar , Chit Phway Thinzar , La Thazin , Deshpande Ashwini Sunil , Ogbuoji Osondu , Mao Wenhui 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionMyanmar, a conflict-affected geographically and ethnically diverse lower middle-income country, was in the donor transition phase for health prior to the political unrest of the last year. This study analyses the distribution of benefit and utilisation of basic childhood vaccinations from the highly donor-dependent Expanded Program on Immunization for populations of different socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsWe conducted a benefit incidence analysis with decomposition analysis to assess the equity of benefit. We used basic childhood immunisations—BCG, measles, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT)/pentavalent, oral polio vaccine (OPV) and full vaccination—as measurements for healthcare use. Childhood immunisation data were collected from Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Cost of vaccines was obtained from UNICEF document and ‘Immunization Delivery Cost Catalogue’ and adjusted with regional cost variations. We reported Concentration Index (CI) and Achievement Index (AI) by SES, including wealth quintiles, maternal education and across geographic areas.ResultsNationally, better-off households disproportionately used more services from the programme (CI–Wealth Index (CI-WI) for BCG, measles, DPT/pentavalent, OPV and full immunisation: 0.032, 0.051, 0.120, 0.091 and 0.137, respectively). Benefits had a pro-poor distribution for BCG but a less pro-rich distribution than utilisation for all other vaccines (CI-WI: −0.004, 0.019, 0.092, 0.045 and 0.106, respectively). Urban regions had a more pro-rich distribution of benefit than that in rural areas, where BCG and measles had a pro-poor distribution. Subnational analysis found significant heterogeneity: benefit was less equitably distributed, and AI was lower in conflict-affected states than in government-controlled areas. The major contributors to vaccine inequality were SES, antenatal care visits and paternal education.ConclusionDonors, national government and regional government should better plan to maintain vaccine coverage while improving equity of vaccine services, especially for children of lower SES, mothers with less antenatal care visits and lower paternal education living in conflicted-affected remote regions.