bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of cytology for canine mammary masses and perceived diagnostic utility in four European countries
Authors: White M. , Rasotto R. , Monti P. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the use of cytology of canine mammary masses and its perceived diagnostic utility in four European countries.Materials and Methods
The link to a web‐based questionnaire was sent to veterinarians of Italy, UK, Greece and Spain. The questionnaire contained basic questions regarding the respondents’ background, their general use of cytology as a diagnostic tool, the incidence of canine mammary tumours within their clinics and their use of cytology for canine mammary masses. Multiple binary and ordinal logistics models were used to evaluate associations between variables.Results
Four hundred and sixty‐five veterinarians completed the survey (Italy: 114; UK: 66; Greece: 55; Spain: 230). Most veterinarians working in each country used cytology as a diagnostic tool, although only 43.0%, 54.6%, 43.6% and 36.5% used cytology for the investigation of CMMs in Italy, UK, Greece and Spain respectively. Supposing the cytology were able to correctly differentiate benign versus malignant canine mammary masses, the percentage of veterinarians using this test would increase in Italy, UK and Greece (Italy: 91.2%; UK: 93.9%; Greece: 96.4%); however, this was not reflected by veterinarians working in Spain (51.7%).Clinical SignificanceIf cytology of canine mammary masses were able to differentiate between benign and malignant, most veterinarians in Italy, UK and Greece would utilise the technique, justifying further research into the diagnostic accuracy of this test. Spanish veterinarians were significantly different and further research into why these individuals would not value the ability of cytology to differentiate between benign and malignant may be of value.
Characterization of a novel arsenite long‐distance transporter from arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata
Authors: Yan Huili , Xu Wenxiu , Zhang Tian , Feng Lu , Liu Ruoxi , Wang Luyao , Wu Lulu , Zhang Han , Zhang Xiaohan , Li Ting , Peng Zhimei , Jin Chen , Yu Yijun , Ping Junai , Ma Mi , He Zhenyan 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Pteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator that can accumulate several thousand mg As kg−1 DW in aboveground biomass. A key factor for its hyperaccumulation ability is its highly efficient As long‐distance translocation system. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.

We isolated PvAsE1 through the full‐length cDNA over‐expression library of P. vittata and characterized it through a yeast system, RNAi gametophytes and sporophytes, subcellular‐location and in situ hybridization. Phylogenomic analysis was conducted to estimate the appearance time of PvAsE1.

PvAsE1 was a plasma membrane‐oriented arsenite (AsIII) effluxer. The silencing of PvAsE1 reduced AsIII long‐distance translocation in P. vittata sporophytes. PvAsE1 was structurally similar to solute carrier (SLC)13 proteins. Its transcripts could be observed in parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem of roots. The appearance time was estimated at c. 52.7 Ma.

PvAsE1 was a previously uncharacterized SLC13‐like AsIII effluxer, which may contribute to AsIII long‐distance translocation via xylem loading. PvAsE1 appeared late in fern evolution and might be an adaptive subject to the selection pressure at the Cretaceaou–Paleogene boundary. The identification of PvAsE1 provides clues for revealing the special As hyperaccumulation characteristics of P. vittata.
Effect of Class II elastics on different mandibular arch preparation stabilized with aligners and stainless‐steel wires: A FEM study
Authors: Amm Elie , El Amm Christian , Vaden Jim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFinite element models that simulate the effects of class II elastics on the mandibular arch in six different scenarios, using various immobilization methods of the posterior dentition, were studied. Per‐element distribution of linear elastic stress‐strain and total displacement was computed. Maximum strain on the PDL and maximum stress on alveolar bone increased with posterior tip‐back and with the use of archwires vs. aligners. The configuration of the dentition affects the performance of aligners. They perform best on an unlevelled mandibular arch. Applying class II elastics results in vertical side effects that can be modulated by various mandibular stabilization methods. This is likely to be clinically relevant for high‐angle patients and may explain the differing effects on the facial profile observed using various treatment modalities. 1—Increasing mandibular molar tip‐back generally resulted in less eruption tendencies, with mandibular anchorage preparation resulting in the least amount of calculated vertical displacement. 2—Unexpectedly, with class II forces the use of aligner technology on an unlevelled curve of Spee resulted in improved vertical control when compared to aligner use on a levelled dentition. 3—Generally, using an archwire results in better transmission of stresses to adjacent teeth than the use of aligners. 4—Simulating interarch elastics requires implementing a medial component/orientation of the forces to better emulate clinical situations. 5—A hypothetical configuration: 15o tip‐back of the mandibular second molar and aligner stabilization displayed the least amount of vertical movement and the most forward horizontal movement of the 2nd molar.
Sex differences in the likelihood of pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplantation, and outcomes after kidney transplantation in children and adolescents
Authors: Lalji Rowena , Francis Anna , Blazek Katrina , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Wong Germaine , Johnson David W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on sex‐based disparities in children with kidney failure and outcomes after kidney transplantation are relatively sparse. This study examined the association between sex differences and the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplantation, and post‐transplant outcomes in children and adolescents.MethodsWe studied all patients (aged <20 years) who commenced kidney replacement therapy (KRT) between 2002 and 2017 using data from the ANZDATA Registry. Factors associated with graft loss and acute rejection after transplantation were assessed using multivariable Cox regression model. Differences in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive live donor transplant between sexes were assessed using adjusted logistic regression.ResultsOf the 757 children transplanted during the study period, 497 (65.7%) received a live donor kidney (163, 21.5% pre‐emptive). In total, 168 (22.2%) patients experienced graft loss and 213 (28.1%) patients experienced a first episode of acute rejection during the median follow‐up period of 6.9 years (IQR 3.5–11.5 years). There were no differences in the rates of graft loss or acute rejection by sex. Compared with boys, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence interval) for graft loss and acute rejection in girls were 0.97 (0.71–1.33) and 1.09 (0.82–1.44), respectively. Among children who received living donor kidney transplants, there were no sex differences in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive transplant (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.56–1.45)).ConclusionsNo sex differences were observed in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplant or outcomes after kidney transplantation.
Exploring associations between multidimensional frailty and oral health in community‐dwelling older people. A pilot study
Authors: van der Heijden Erik M. , Klüter Wim J. , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. , Gobbens Robbert J.J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the associations between four validated multidimensional self‐report frailty scales and nine indices of oral health in community‐dwelling older persons.Materials and MethodsThis pilot study was conducted in a sample of 208 older persons aged 70 years and older who visited two dental practices in the Netherlands. Frailty status was measured by four different self‐report frailty questionnaires: Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Sunfrail Checklist (SC), and the Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SPQ). Oral health was assessed by two calibrated examiners.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty according to the four frailty measures TFI, GFI, SC, and SPQ was 32.8%, 31.5%, 24.5%, and 49.7%, respectively. The SC correlated with four oral health variables (DMFT, number of teeth, percentage of occlusal contacts, Plaque Index), the TFI with three (number of teeth, percentage of occlusal contacts, Plaque Index), the GFI only with DPSI, and the SPQ with the number of teeth and the number of occlusal contacts.ConclusionOf the studied multidimensional frailty scales, the SC and TFI were correlated with most oral health variables (four and three, respectively). However, it should be noticed that these correlations were small.Clinical relevanceThe SC and TFI might help to identify older people with risk of poor oral health so that preventive care can be used to ensure deterioration of oral health and maintenance of quality of life. Vice versa early detection of frailty by oral care professionals could contribute to interprofessional management of frailty.
Caregiving of children with Down syndrome: impact on quality of life, stress, mental and oral health
Authors: Dias Caroline , Schwertner Carolina , Grando Débora , Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Schuch Jaqueline Bohrer , de Azeredo Lucas Araújo , Bauer Moisés Evandro , Hashizume Lina Naomi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimParental caregivers of children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a greater burden of daily activities that may affect their health. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the impact of caregiving of children with Down syndrome on parenting quality of life, stress, mental and oral health.MethodsFifty‐four parental caregivers of children with DS and 51 parents of children without physical or mental disabilities participated of this study. All participants were clinically examined to evaluate the presence of dental caries, gingival conditions and answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, quality of life and coping strategies were assessed using specific instruments. Hair cortisol level was assessed as biological marker of chronic stress.ResultsPsychological and quality of life parameters were similar between the groups of caregivers (p > .05). Caregivers of children with DS were older (48.6 vs. 41.5, p < .001), had longer caregiving period (> 10 vs < 10 years, p = .003), presented higher gingival bleeding index (6.1 vs. 4.7, p = .014) and higher cortisol levels (55.9 vs. 38.4, p = .07) as compared with parents of children without disabilities. Sociodemographic data has no influence on cortisol levels (p > .05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the caregiving of children with DS has an impact on parenting oral health and stress.
Urban bias and multinational firms
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Liu Xinyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how urban bias in the host country affects the movement of multinational capital owned by multinational firms in the source country and the production in the invested sector. If the degree of urban bias in one of the urban sectors in the host country increases, then the amount of multinational capital flowing into the host country will increase, but the production in the invested sector will have different changes in different situations.
Describing biodiversity in the genomics era: A new species of Nearctic Cynipidae gall wasp and its genome
Authors: Brandão‐Dias Pedro F. P. , Zhang Yuanmeng Miles , Pirro Stacy , Vinson Camila C. , Weinersmith Kelly L. , Ward Anna K. G. , Forbes Andrew A. , Egan Scott P. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTGall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) specializing on live oaks in the genus Quercus (subsection Virentes) are a relatively diverse and well‐studied community with 14 species described to date, albeit with incomplete information on their biology, life history and genetic structure. Incorporating an integrative taxonomic approach, we combine morphology, phenology, behaviour, genetics and genomics to describe a new species, Neuroterus valhalla sp. nov. The alternating generations of this species induce galls on the catkins and stem nodes of Quercus virginiana and Quercus geminata in the southern United States. We describe both generations in the species' life cycle, and primarily use samples from a population in the centre of Houston, Texas, thus serving as an example of the undescribed biodiversity still present in well‐travelled urban centres. In parallel, we present a draft assembly of the N. valhalla genome providing a direct link between the type specimen and reference genome. The genome of N. valhalla is the smallest reported to date within the tribe Cynipini, providing an important comparative contrast to the otherwise large genome size of cynipids. While relatively small, the genome was found to be composed of >64% repetitive elements, including 43% unclassified repeats and 11% retrotransposons. A preliminary ab initio and homology‐based annotation revealed 32,005 genes, and a subsequent orthogroup analysis grouped 18,044 of these to 8186 orthogroups, with some evidence for high levels of gene duplications within Cynipidae. A mitochondrial barcode phylogeny linked each generation of the new species and a phylogenomic ultraconserved element (UCEs) phylogeny indicates that the new species groups with other Nearctic Neuroterus. However, both phylogenies present the genus Neuroterus in North America as polyphyletic.
A TASTE FOR THE INFINITE: WHAT PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY CAN TELL US ABOUT RELIGIOUS BELIEF
Authors: De Cruz Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccording to Friedrich Schleiermacher, religiosity is rooted in feeling (Gefühl). As a result of our engagement with the world, on which we depend and which we can influence, we have both a sense of dependence and of freedom. Schleiermacher speculated that a sense of absolute dependence in reflective beings with self‐consciousness (human beings) gave rise to religion. Using insights from contemporary philosophy of biology and cognitive science, I seek to naturalize Schleiermacher's ideas. I moreover show that this naturalization is in line with Schleiermacher's outlook on biology, as he already had evolutionary considerations in mind when he wrote the Christian Faith (1830). While Schleiermacher rejects natural theology in a narrow sense (proofs for the existence of God), his project is natural theological in a broader sense, as it roots religion in experiences that we can examine using naturalistic theories.
THE TERRITORIES OF THINKING AND FEELING: RETHINKING RELIGION, SCIENCE, AND REASON WITH ALISTER McGRATH
Authors: Schaefer Donovan O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs Alister McGrath has argued across a lifetime of work, we need to approach the binaries that have been handed down to us—personal/academic, emotional/intellectual, secular/religious—with a healthy skepticism toward the integrity of their boundaries, attending instead to the contact zones between them. This article connects McGrath's body of work to what I call “cogency theory,” an approach that rejects the thinking/feeling binary itself. It begins with a survey of how McGrath understands rationality—not only as multiple, but as defined, in meaningful ways, by feeling. This is illustrated by reexamining McGrath's controversy with Richard Dawkins, analyzing their debate in terms of how the argument itself comes to feel. This new paradigm allows us to supersede petty antagonisms built into contemporary culture—like the presumed science–religion conflict—and refocus on overarching concerns like the climate crisis. The article concludes with a question about the extent to which beliefs and “worldviews” define how we—either as groups or individuals—can make or unmake ecological disaster.
Development of a Simplified Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assembly Nonlinear Model
Authors: Park Namgyu , Yoo Youngik , Kim Taesoon , Jeon Sangyoun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a computation technique to develop a simplified nonlinear model for a typical nuclear fuel assembly. Because more than a hundred fuel assemblies are packed in the reactor, simplistic model generation is critical to evaluate the motion during an anticipated event such as earthquake. Two straight beams are introduced to simplify the fuel assembly, and the beam properties are moderately defined to represent the skeleton structure and a bundle of slender fuel rods. Because nonlinearity is caused by the interaction between the rods and the spacer grids in the skeleton structure, the two beams are connected with multilinear joints that characterize the mechanical interaction between them. An equation of motion for the model is provided, and the degree of the freedom of the model can be reduced by using a few major modes of the beams. Significant mechanical parameters must be defined reasonably, so a method is proposed to identify unknown parameters through a deterministic calculation and an optimization process. All the information, including the identified parameters, are utilized to develop a nonlinear finite element model with a commercial code. The performance of the model is compared with the test results.
The Multisplit Ventilator System: Performance Testing of Respiratory Support Shared by Multiple Patients
Authors: Gaucher Donald J. , Trimble A. Zachary , Yamamoto Brennan E. , Seidi Ebrahim , Miller Scott F. , Vossler John D. , Mahoney Reid C. , Bellomy Ryan L. , Heilbron William R. , Johnson Sidney M. , Puapong Devin P. , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Woo Russell K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ventilator sharing has been proposed as a method of increasing ventilator capacity during instances of critical shortage. We sought to assess the ability of a regulated, shared ventilator system, the multisplit ventilator system, to individualize support to multiple simulated patients using one ventilator. We employed simulated patients of varying size, compliance, minute ventilation requirement, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) requirement. Performance tests were performed to assess the ability of the system, versus control, to achieve individualized respiratory goals to clinically disparate patients sharing a single ventilator following ARDSNet guidelines (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Resilience tests measured the effects of simulated adverse events occurring to one patient on another patient sharing a single ventilator. The multisplit ventilator system met individual oxygenation and ventilation requirements for multiple simulated patients with a tolerance similar to that of a single ventilator. Abrupt endotracheal tube occlusion or extubation occurring to one patient resulted in modest, clinically tolerable changes in ventilation parameters for the remaining patients. The proof-of-concept ventilator system presented in this paper is a regulated, shared ventilator system capable of individualizing ventilatory support to clinically dissimilar simulated patients. It is resilient to common adverse events and represents a feasible option to ventilate multiple patients during a severe ventilator shortage.
Ultrasound versus physical examination in predicting disease flare in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic literature review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: De Lucia Orazio , Giani Teresa , Caporali Roberto , Cimaz Rolando 
Published: January 2022

In this systematic review we analyzed the published articles related to the predictive value for flare of subclinical synovitis assessed by ultrasound (US) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from 1990 to 2020 by two authors, using PICO methodology. The study is built and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches identified four articles comprising a total of 187 JIA patients in clinical remission from at least 3 months. Two of the articles found US subclinical signs of synovitis to be predictive for flare, with a five times higher risk (with Power Doppler signal as an important feature), while in the other two baseline US abnormalities did not predict a clinical flare. The articles differed for protocols, definitions, and length of follow-up. US has an expanding role in pediatric rheumatology, with interest-ing applications especially during the follow-up, potentially identifying subclinical inflammatory signs predictive of flare. However, the few studies available do not allow definite conclusions at this time.
Bedside formulation of a personalized multi-neoantigen vaccine against mammary carcinoma
Authors: Mohsen Mona O , Speiser Daniel E , Michaux Justine , Pak HuiSong , Stevenson Brian J , Vogel Monique , Inchakalody Varghese Philipose , de Brot Simone , Dermime Said , Coukos Georges , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Bachmann Martin F 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHarnessing the immune system to purposely recognize and destroy tumors represents a significant breakthrough in clinical oncology. Non-synonymous mutations (neoantigenic peptides) were identified as powerful cancer targets. This knowledge can be exploited for further improvements of active immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, as T cells specific for neoantigens are not attenuated by immune tolerance mechanism and do not harm healthy tissues. The current study aimed at developing an optimized multitarget vaccine using short or long neoantigenic peptides utilizing virus-like particles (VLPs) as an efficient vaccine platform.MethodsMutations of murine mammary carcinoma cells were identified by integrating mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics and whole exome sequencing. Neoantigenic peptides were synthesized and covalently linked to virus-like nanoparticles using a Cu-free click chemistry method for easy preparation of vaccines against mouse mammary carcinoma.ResultsAs compared with short peptides, vaccination with long peptides was superior in the generation of neoantigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells, which readily produced interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor-necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The resulting anti-tumor effect was associated with favorable immune re-polarization in the tumor microenvironment through reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Vaccination with long neoantigenic peptides also decreased post-surgical tumor recurrence and metastases, and prolonged mouse survival, despite the tumor’s low mutational burden.ConclusionIntegrating mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics and whole exome sequencing is an efficient approach for identifying neoantigenic peptides. Our multitarget VLP-based vaccine shows a promising anti-tumor effect in an aggressive murine mammary carcinoma model. Future clinical application using this strategy is readily feasible and practical, as click chemistry coupling of personalized synthetic peptides to the nanoparticles can be done at the bedside directly before injection.