bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karrikin Receptor KAI2 Coordinates Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mostofa Mohammad Golam , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Rahman Md. Mezanur , Tran Cuong Duy , Nguyen Kien Huu , Watanabe Yasuko , Itouga Misao , Li Weiqiang , Wang Zhe , Mochida Keiichi , Tran Lam-Son Phan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants activate a myriad of signaling cascades to tailor adaptive responses under environmental stresses, such as salinity. While the roles of exogenous karrikins (KARs) in salt stress mitigation are well comprehended, genetic evidence of KAR signaling during salinity responses in plants remains unresolved. Here, we explore the functions of the possible KAR receptor KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to salt stress by investigating comparative responses of wild-type (WT) and kai2-mutant plants under a gradient of NaCl. Defects in KAI2 functions resulted in delayed and inhibited cotyledon opening in kai2 seeds compared with WT seeds, suggesting that KAI2 played an important role in enhancing seed germination under salinity. Salt-stressed kai2 plants displayed more phenotypic aberrations, biomass reduction, water loss and oxidative damage than WT plants. kai2 shoots accumulated significantly more Na+ and thus had a lower K+/Na+ ratio, than WT, indicating severe ion toxicity in salt-stressed kai2 plants. Accordingly, kai2 plants displayed a lower expression of genes associated with Na+ homeostasis, such as SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) 1, SOS2, HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 (HKT1;1) and CATION–HYDROGEN EXCHANGER 1 (NHX1) than WT plants. WT plants maintained a better glutathione level, glutathione-related redox status and antioxidant enzyme activities relative to kai2 plants, implying KAI2’s function in oxidative stress mitigation in response to salinity. kai2 shoots had lower expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid and the signaling of abscisic acid and SLs than those of WT plants, indicating interactive functions of KAI2 signaling with other hormone signaling in modulating plant responses to salinity. Collectively, these results underpin the likely roles of KAI2 in the alleviation of salinity effects in plants by regulating several physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in ionic and osmotic balance, oxidative stress tolerance and hormonal crosstalk.
A deletion/duplication in theLigon lintless-2locus induces siRNAs that inhibit cotton fiber cell elongation
Authors: Naoumkina Marina , Thyssen Gregory N , Fang David D , Florane Christopher B , Li Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties have two types of seed fibers: short fuzz fiber strongly adhered to the seed coat, and long lint fiber used in the textile industry. The Ligon lintless-2 (Li2) cotton mutant has a normal vegetative phenotype but produces very short lint fiber on the seeds. The Li2 mutation is controlled by a single dominant gene. We discovered a large structural rearrangement at the end of chromosome D13 in the Li2 mutant based on whole-genome sequencing and genetic mapping of segregating populations. The rearrangement contains a 177-kb deletion and a 221-kb duplication positioned as a tandem inverted repeat. The gene Gh_D13G2437 is located at the junction of the inverted repeat in the duplicated region. During transcription such structure spontaneously forms self-complementary hairpin RNA of Gh_D13G2437 followed by production of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Gh_D13G2437 encodes a Ran-Binding Protein 1 (RanBP1) that preferentially expresses during cotton fiber elongation. The abundance of siRNA produced from Gh_D13G2437 reciprocally corresponds with the abundance of highly homologous (68%–98% amino acid sequence identity) RanBP1 family transcripts during fiber elongation, resulting in a shorter fiber phenotype in the Li2. Overexpression of Gh_D13G2437 in the Li2 mutant recovered the long lint fiber phenotype. Taken together, our findings revealed that siRNA-induced silencing of a family of RanBP1s inhibit elongation of cotton fiber cells in the Li2 mutant.
Extended ultrasound examination identifies more large vessel involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Bull Haaversen Anne Christine , Brekke Lene Kristin , Kermani Tanaz A , Molberg Øyvind , Diamantopoulos Andreas P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare limited with a more extended ultrasound examination (anteromedial ultrasound, A2-ultrasound) to detect large vessel (LV) involvement in patients with newly diagnosed GCA.

Methods
Patients with new-onset GCA were included at the time of diagnosis. All patients were examined using limited ultrasound (ultrasound of the axillary artery as visualized in the axilla) and an extended A2-ultrasound method (which also includes the carotid, vertebral, subclavian and proximal axillary arteries), in addition to temporal artery ultrasound.

Results
One hundred and thirty-three patients were included in the study. All patients fulfilled the criteria according to a proposed extension of the 1990 ACR classification criteria for GCA and had a positive ultrasound examination at diagnosis. Ninety-three of the 133 GCA patients (69.9%) had LV involvement when examined by extended A2-ultrasound, compared with only 56 patients (42.1%) by limited ultrasound (P &lt; 0.001). Twelve patients (9.0%) had vasculitis of the vertebral arteries as the only LVs involved. Five patients (3.8%) would have been missed as having GCA if only limited ultrasound was performed. Forty patients (30.0%) had isolated cranial GCA, 21 patients (15.8%) had isolated large vessel GCA and 72 patients (54.1%) had mixed-GCA.

Conclusion
Extended A2-ultrasound examination identified more patients with LV involvement than the limited ultrasound method. However, extended A2-ultrasound requires high expertise and high-end equipment and should be performed by ultrasonographers with adequate training.
Predictive value of the adjusted Global Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome Score on clinical recurrence in APS patients: a longitudinal study
Authors: Barilaro Giuseppe , Esteves Alexandra , Della Rocca Carlo , Perez-Isidro Albert , Araujo Olga , Pires da Rosa Gilberto , Ruiz-Ortiz Estibaliz , Tàssies Penella Dolors , Viñas Odette , Reverter Joan Carles , Cervera Ricard , Espinosa Gerard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of the average adjusted global APS score (aGAPSS) over time on recurrence of clinical manifestations in APS patients through a retrospective longitudinal study.Material and methodsThe study included 200 patients with APS. The aGAPSS was calculated for each patient at baseline and on a yearly basis for either up to 6 years (minimum 3 years) or just before the clinical event in patients who experienced clinical recurrence. The mean score per patient was computed. In patients under vitamin K antagonists (VKA) the percentage of time spent within the therapeutic range (TTR) was calculated. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of the aGAPSS with the strongest association with clinical recurrence.ResultsHigher average aGAPSS values were found in patients who experienced clinical recurrence in comparison to patients who did not [8.81 (95% CI 7.53, 10.08) vs 6.38 (95% CI 5.64, 7.12), P = 0.001], patients with thrombotic recurrence compared with patients with obstetric recurrence [9.48 (95% CI 8.14, 10.82) vs 4.25 (95% CI 0.85, 7.65), P = 0.006] and patients with arterial thrombosis compared with patients with venous thrombosis [10.66 (S.D. 5.48) vs 6.63 (S.D. 4.42), P = 0.01]. aGAPSS values &gt;13 points were associated with the highest risk of recurrence in multivariate analysis [HR = 3.25 (95% CI 1.93, 5.45), P &lt; 0.0001]. TTR was not statistically different between patients who had thrombosis recurrence and patients who had not.ConclusionsOur data support the role of periodic (annual) monitoring of the aGAPSS score in predicting clinical recurrence in patients with APS.
SPECTROMETRY OF HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS ON HIGH MOUNTAIN OBSERVATORY LOMNICKÝ ŠTÍT DURING THUNDERSTORMS
Authors: Šlegl Jakub , Langer Ronald , Brunclík Tomáš , Mašek Petr , Strhárský Igor , Ambrožová Iva , Chum Jaroslav , Ploc Ondřej 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lomnický štít, Slovakia, 2634 m above sea level, is known to be a place of extreme electric fields measured during thunderstorms and is thus a suitable place for thunderstorm-related ionising radiation research. We present one of the strongest Thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGE) ever detected, which occurred on 12 September 2021. The TGE was detected with the SEVAN detector and also with the new Georadis RT-56 large volume gamma spectrometer. In the paper, we present spectra of the TGE measured with the spectrometer as well as SEVAN coincidence data supplemented by the data from electric field mill.
FREE-RELEASE OF LARGE-SCALE COMPONENTS AND FRAGMENTS OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF V1 NPP
Authors: Forgáč Matej , Vrban Branislav , Nečas Vladimír , Kleštinec Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper is reviewing the issue of releasing materials from the decommissioning activities of NPP V1 (VVER-440). The focus is on the process of auxiliary equipment fragmentation. Output materials are measured for surface contamination. According to the limit values, a decision is made on storage, decontamination or direct release into the environment. A special category of auxiliary equipment is large components (e.g. Concrete-container). Because of the low operational usability, there is assumption that measured values meet the limits for release into the environment. The decommissioning measuring devices cannot process materials that are not fragmented in the defined packaging files (max. 1 ton). An alternative is to measure surface contamination on the entire surface of the device manually using hand-held instruments. Fragmentation time as well as the production of secondary waste (cutting tools) are reduced, and the free-released large-scale component can be demolished outside the controlled area (conventional methods).
DETERMINING THE TRANSFER FACTORS FOR ESTIMATES OF THE RADIATION CONTAMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Procházka Jan , Škrkal Jan , Rulík Petr , Křováková Kateřina , Šímová Iva 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study aims to provide a basis for measures reducing the consequences of a nuclear accident in its late phase, when plant contamination occurs mainly through the root system. Samples of the above-ground biomass of crops and soil were taken in 2020 in the vicinity of the Temelín and Dukovany nuclear power plants (Czech Republic). The 137Cs activities were determined using gamma spectrometry, and the 90Sr activities were measured through beta radiation. From the obtained values, the radionuclide transfer factors (TFs) from soil to crop biomass were calculated. The average area activity of 137Cs in the soil around Dukovany and Temelín was 1700 and 2400 Bq m−2, respectively. The average area activity of 90Sr around Dukovany and Temelín was 211 and 184 Bq m−2, respectively. The TF 137Cs ranged from &lt; 6.3 × 10−6 to 7.9 × 10−3, with a mean of 3.5 × 10−4 m2 kg−1, and the TF 90Sr ranged from 2.7 × 10−4 to 6 × 10−2, with a mean of 1.7 × 10−2 m2 kg−1.
MODELLING GLOBAL CARBON AND RADIOCARBON CYCLES
Authors: John David , Kundrát Pavel , Pachnerová Brabcová Kateřina , Molnár Mihály , Světlík Ivo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon cycle receives growing attention, in particular in connection with the climate change. Radiocarbon (14C) serves not only as the well-known basis of a dating technique but also as a tracer of the global carbon cycle, enabling one to assess the sizes of diverse compartments, fluxes between them and the related characteristic times. Mathematical modelling of the carbon cycle helps integrate the measurements, estimate the roles of underpinning processes and provide predictions, for instance on future CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere for various emission scenarios. We present a model based on a single-box atmosphere, ocean surface layer, one-dimensional diffusive ocean and two-box biota. We discuss its validation against measured data, predictions on future CO2 levels and interpretation of past events on the radiocarbon calibration curve.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE AND GRAIN SIZE ON RADON EMANATION FROM SOIL USING AN ADVANCED MULTIGRAIN MODEL
Authors: Eckertová Terézia , Böhm Radoslav , Holý Karol 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Among the most important factors that influence radon emanation from soil particles is the soil moisture and grain size. Both components, in its own way, modify the length of a trajectory that radon atom pass through in a volume of the soil pores. To better understand their impact on an emanation, we have developed our own computer program that can simulate the 222Rn emanation process in the soil environment, using an idea of a multigrain model. In our case, the central, radium-bearing soil grain is surrounded by 1330 adjacent grains of the same size forming a cubic structure and the moisture in a space of the soil pores is differently distributed. The simulation process is based on a two different distribution of 226Ra in soil grains (homogenous and heterogenous), while several variants of the thickness of an escape layer are analyzed for grains of different sizes and moisture contents.
Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Patency and Use
Authors: Heindel Patrick , Yu Peng , Feliz Jessica D. , Hentschel Dirk M. , Burke Steven K. , Al-Omran Mohammed , Bhatt Deepak L. , Belkin Michael , Ozaki C. Keith , Hussain Mohamad A. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
We sought to confirm and extend the understanding of clinical outcomes following creation of a common distal autogenous access, the radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF).

Background:
Interdisciplinary guidelines recommend distal autogenous arteriovenous fistulae as the preferred hemodialysis (HD) access, yet uncertainty about durability and function present barriers to adoption.

Methods:
Pooled data from the 2014-2019 multicenter randomized-controlled PATENCY-1 and PATENCY-2 trials were analyzed. New RC-AVFs were created in 914 patients, and outcomes were tracked prospectively for 3-years. Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray regression models were constructed to explore patient, anatomic, and procedural associations with access patency and use.

Results:
Mean (SD) age was 57 (13) years; 45% were on dialysis at baseline. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 3-year primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency were 27.6%, 56.4%, and 66.6%, respectively. Cause-specific 1-year cumulative incidence estimates of unassisted and overall RC-AVF use were 46.8% and 66.9%, respectively. Patients with larger baseline cephalic vein diameters had improved primary (per mm, hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence intervals 0.81–0.99), primary-assisted (HR 0.75, 0.64–0.87), and secondary (HR 0.67, 0.57–0.80) patency; and higher rates of unassisted (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence intervals 1.02–1.44) and overall RCAVF use (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.26, 1.11–1.45). Similarly, patients not requiring HD at the time of RCAVF creation had better primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency. Successful RCAVF use occurred at increased rates when accesses were created using regional anesthesia and at higher volume centers.

Conclusions:
These insights can inform patient counseling and guide shared decision-making regarding HD access options when developing an individualized end-stage kidney disease life-plan.
Vascular Safe Zone During Percutaneous Pinning of the Distal Femur
Authors: Greenhill Dustin A. , Allred Gabrielle , Feldman Jenna , Herman Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
During percutaneous pinning of the pediatric distal femur, iatrogenic vascular damage in the medial thigh is a frequent concern. The proximity of a proximal-medial pin to these vessels has never been studied in children. This study describes a radiologic vascular safe zone that is easily visualized during surgery (wherein the superficial femoral vessels are safely posterior).

Methods:
Patients ≤16 years old with magnetic resonance imaging of one or both femora between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The “at-risk level” (ARL) was defined as the distal-most axial image with a femoral vessel anterior to the posterior condylar axis. A standardized retrograde lateral-to-medial pin was templated. A correlation matrix and least squares regression identified age and physeal width (PW) as ideal independent variables. A vascular safe zone above the medial femoral condyle (MFC) was modeled as a multiple of PW (i.e. x*PW) and needed to satisfy 3 age-dependent criteria: (1) at the ARL, the pin is medial to the vessels, (2) the pin exits the medial thigh before the ARL, and (3) the chosen “vascular safe zone” (x*PW) is always distal to the ARL.

Results:
Forty-three patients averaging 7.1±3.9 (0.3-16) years old were included. Intra-Class correlation coefficients were excellent (0.92-0.98). All measurements strongly correlated with age (r=0.76-0.92, P<0.001) and PW (r=0.82-0.93, P<0.001). All patients satisfied criteria 1. Criteria 2 was satisfied in all patients ≥6 years old, 86% of children 4-5, and only 18% of children ≤3. In children >3 years old, the largest safe zone that satisfied criteria 3 was 2×PW. On average, the ARL was 2.5×PW (99% CI 2.3-2.7) above the MFC. The average ARL in children ≥6 years old was significantly higher than 2×PW (162 mm vs. 120 mm, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
During passage of a distal femur pin into the medial thigh, children ≥6 years old have a vascular safe zone that extends 2×PW proximal to the MFC. Surgeons should be cautious with medial pin placement in children 4-5 years old and, if possible, avoid this technique in children ≤3.

Level of Evidence:
IV.
Emergency Preparedness for Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Amateur Athletic Union Basketball Teams: An Opportunity to Improve Outcomes in Higher Risk Athletes
Authors: Mason Zadan , Watson Andrew M. , Drezner Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To examine sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) awareness and emergency preparedness for SCA in Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) youth basketball teams.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey of AAU coaches and administrators.

Setting:
Random sampling of AAU club teams across the United States.

Participants:
AAU club coaches and/or administrators.

Interventions:
Electronic survey (Qualtrics) accessed online and by cell phone. Each coach/administrator was invited to participate via email up to 3 times, spaced approximately 5 days apart.

Main Outcome Measures:
Established and practiced emergency action plan (EAP), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, and automated external defibrillator (AED) access.

Results:
A total of 53/449 (12%) respondents completed the survey. Only 6% of responding AAU clubs had a written EAP and practiced it on an annual basis. Only 35% of clubs required CPR training for their coaches. Automated external defibrillator were available at practices and games in only 45% and 35% of AAU clubs, respectively. Over 50% of clubs did not have an affiliated athletic trainer or medical director.

Conclusion:
The vast majority of AAU clubs in this study lack proper emergency preparedness for SCA. Given male basketball players are at highest risk of SCA compared with other young athlete populations, urgent interventions are needed to improve awareness, standardize training, establish EAPs, and ensure access to AEDs in AAU clubs.
Overreaction to COVID-19: medical and political aspects
Authors: Jargin Sergei 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p>COVID-19 as a cause of death has been overestimated by some writers. Excessive anti-epidemic measures and lockdowns are harmful for the economy as well as for the public health. The irrational use of health resources interferes with the regular patient care. The socioeconomic damage in Western Europe and other welfare states is considerable. The question ‘cui bono?’ must be posed to clarify motives behind some COVID-related restrictive policies. In Russia, restrictions and suppression of individual tourism help to conceal voluntarism and corruption. Apparently, supervision and control measures are used to encroach upon civil liberties and to distract people from internal problems such as shortcomings of the healthcare. Apropos the military activities are even more efficient distractors from internal problems. Presumably, the increase in mortality from different causes will be ascribed to COVID-19, and subsequent mortality decrease - to “successful” anti-epidemic measures including vaccinations. The harm-benefit ratio of mass vaccinations is unclear. Both children and adults can mount immune response to SARS-CoV2 undergoing acceptably low risk. In future, the countries implementing strictest measures may find themselves with a weaker protection by natural immunity. Officially tested preparations are not necessarily always the same quality as those administered to the broad public. A winner of the “vaccine race” may end up in a mass vaccination of citizens with suboptimal vaccines. </p>
Arteriovenous Malformations of the Hand: Optimizing Outcomes with Palmar Arch Reconstruction
Authors: Trost Jeffrey , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davis Matthew J. , Maricevich Renata S. , Pederson William C. , Maricevich Marco 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal high-flow vascular anomalies that can greatly alter the structure of surrounding tissues. Treatment of symptomatic hand AVMs must address the functional and aesthetic considerations of the hand. Non-surgical treatment such as embolization, continues to be plagued by complications such as digital ischemia and secondary need for amputation. In this study, we describe our experience treating hand AVMs with wide resection and microsurgical reconstruction of the palmar arch. This technique aims to optimize postoperative function while minimizing postoperative complications and recurrence.

Methods:
Retrospective review identified 5 patients who underwent surgical excision of hand AVMs by senior authors WCP and MM between 2002 and 2020. Four patients underwent reconstruction of the palmar arch, while one patient underwent ray amputation of the involved index finger only. One patient required concurrent free flap for soft tissue coverage following resection.

Results:
Mean age at the time of surgery was 34.6 years. After an average follow up of 2.7 years, there were no postoperative complications, functional deficits, or recurrences. The patient who underwent ray amputation only was postoperatively noted to have pulsatile dorsal veins concerning for a persistent high-flow state, though no recurrent mass was seen at limited 1 year follow up.

Conclusions:
Meticulous surgical excision with microvascular reconstruction is an acceptable technique for management of symptomatic hand AVMs. Potential soft tissue loss does not preclude aggressive resection. Wide excision with palmar arch reconstruction minimizes complications, optimizes functionality, and may prevent ischemia that could otherwise trigger recurrence.