bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bewegung des N. obturatorius bei Bewegungen der unteren Extremität
Authors: Sawadzki Patrick , Hoch Anke 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungNeurodynamische Tests wie der Straight Leg Raise sind feste Bestandteile der neuromuskuloskelettalen Untersuchung. Der neurodynamische Test für den N. obturatorius basiert auf anatomischen Annahmen und wurde bislang nicht am Präparat untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Bewegungsverhalten des N. obturatorius bei den passiven Bewegungen Abduktion und Flexion im Hüftgelenk mit extendiertem und flektiertem Kniegelenk bei einem Feuchtpräparat. Mittels einer Laparotomie im Becken am Präparat wurde die Bewegung des N. obturatorius bei passiver Bewegung der unteren Extremität dargestellt. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv anhand selbsterstellter Fotos, Videos und Skizzen.Anhand der Videos konnte beobachtet werden, dass sich der Nerv bei Hüftgelenkabduktion spannt und bei Hüftgelenkflexion entspannt. Die Studie zeigt außerdem, dass sich das Nervengewebe bei Bewegungen der unteren Extremität komplex im Beckenraum bewegt und nicht nur mit einer einzelnen Bewegungsart zu beschreiben ist. Diese Beobachtungen geben Hinweise bzgl. der Ausführung des neurodynamischen Tests des N. obturatorius.
Therapieoptionen bei Weight-Regain nach Bariatrischer Operation
Authors: Finze Alida , Otto Mirko , Reissfelder Christoph , Blank Susanne 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Intention dieses Artikels ist, einen Überblick über die Diagnosestellung und Therapiemöglichkeiten bei erneuter Gewichtszunahme (WR) oder unzureichendem
Gewichtsverlust (IWL) nach bariatrischer Operation (BS) zu geben. Bei weiter steigenden Zahlen der BS gewinnt WR immer mehr an Relevanz.
Methoden Eine ausgiebige Literaturrecherche wurde mit persönlichen Erfahrungen kombiniert, um eine mögliche Handlungsempfehlung bei WR oder IWL zu geben.
Ergebnisse Im Falle einer anatomischen Ursache für WR ist der chirurgische Therapieansatz derzeit am effektivsten. Bei idiopathischem WR oder IWL ist ein multimodales Therapiekonzept
für eine erfolgreiche Therapie notwendig. Abhängig von der vorangegangenen OP ist eine Kombination von Lebensstilinterventionen, medikamentöser und chirurgischer Therapie ein wirksames
Vorgehen.
Schlussfolgerungen Eine ausgiebige Diagnostik ist vor Indikationsstellung einer chirurgischen Revision notwendig. Bei idiopathischem WR und IWL nach Roux-Y-Magenbypass (RYGB)
schlagen wir die Verlängerung des biliopankreatischen Schenkels bei gleichzeitiger Verkürzung des Common Channels vor. Nach Schlauchmagen (Sleeve-Gastrektomie, SG) sehen wir derzeit die
Umwandlung in RYGB bei Patienten mit gleichzeitiger Refluxösophagitis und den SADI-S bei fehlendem Vorliegen eines Refluxes als sinnvollste Therapie an.
Aktuelle Handlungsempfehlungen für die amerikanische Trypanosomiasis oder Chagas-Krankheit
Authors: Pritsch Michael , Seeba Hannah , Fröschl Günter , Stingl Peter 
Published: December 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie amerikanische Trypanosomiasis oder auch Chagas-Krankheit wird durch das Protozoon Trypanosoma cruzi verursacht. Vor allem unerkannt und unbehandelt kann sie zu schwerwiegenden Organschäden bis hin zum Tod führen. Weltweit geht man aktuell von 6–7 Mio. Infizierten aus. Initial eher auf ländliche Gebiete in Lateinamerika beschränkt, breitete sich die Infektion durch Populationsbewegungen und nichtvektorielle Übertragungswege auf große Städte sowie in nichtendemische Regionen weltweit aus. Die WHO zählt die Chagas-Krankheit zu den sog. vernachlässigten Tropenerkrankungen und nur ein kleiner Bruchteil der Betroffenen erhält eine adäquate Versorgung. Im Herbst 2022 wurden erstmals Handlungsempfehlungen für Deutschland veröffentlicht. Sie sollen der Vernachlässigung entgegenwirken, nichtvektorielle Übertragungswege unterbinden und durch adäquates Management die assoziierte sozio-ökonomische Belastung, Morbidität und Mortalität verringern.
Wiederherstellungsoperationen (WHO’s): Eine Übersicht - Straffungsoperationen nach massivem Gewichtsverlust
Authors: Bozkurt Ahmet 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungWiederherstellungsoperationen, sog. WHOs, sind der konsequente und abschließende Schritt nach massivem Gewichtsverlust nicht nur durch, aber vor allem durch bariatrische Eingriffe.
In der Regel handelt es sich hier in erster Linie nicht um ästhetische Eingriffe, sondern um die chirurgische Behandlung funktioneller Störungen durch eine „lokalisierte
Adipositas“ bzw. „Lipomatose“. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient als Einführung in das Thema körperformender Eingriffe ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Wir beschreiben im Folgenden
die Eckpfeiler der zugrunde liegenden AWMF-S3-Leitlinie sowie Grundprinzipien der WHOs. Beschrieben werden anatomisch-funktionelle Grundzüge, Inhalte einer allgemeinen und
speziellen Anamnese einschl. der körperlichen Untersuchungen, aber auch Grundlagen der notwendigen Kostenübernahme. Der Hauptabschnitt beschäftigt sich mit den chirurgischen
Prinzipien derjenigen WHOs, die am häufigsten vorgenommen werden (Arme, Flanken, Brust, Bauch und Beine). Hier werden die chirurgischen Besonderheiten der WHOs in den jeweiligen
Körperregionen beschrieben, verschiedene OP-Techniken sowie operative Vorgehensweisen (step-by-step) geschildert, dargestellt und mit prä-, intra- und postoperativen Bildern
untermauert. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient dazu, die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bei WHOs aufzuzeigen und schildert illustrierend die chirurgischen Besonderheiten
der körperstraffenden Eingriffe nach massivem Gewichtsverlust.
Dynamics of magnetic system formed by two semi-skyrmions in circular nano-pillars with a perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Hou Zhiwei , Zhang Hong , Luo Yanwei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmion has the advantages of stable topology and small volume. Many researchers choose different materials or build double free layers for using skyrmions in spin torque nano-oscillators capable of producing GHz frequencies. In this paper, the dynamics of the two semi-skyrmions in a circular nano-pillar with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy free layer and a spin polarizer are studied using micromagnetic simulation. The oscillation frequency of two semi-skyrmions is more than two times higher that of the single semi-skyrmion. In addition, we also explore the influences of different parameters (current density, damping coefficient, anisotropy constant, and temperature) on the motion of two semi-skyrmions. The results show that damping coefficient and exchange interaction constant have the most pronounced influence on the oscillation frequency of the system.
A non-perturbative study of the interplay between electron–phonon interaction and Coulomb interaction in undoped graphene
Authors: Yang Zhao-Kun , Pan Xiao-Yin , Liu Guo-Zhu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In condensed-matter systems, electrons are subjected to two different interactions under certain conditions. Even if both interactions are weak, it is difficult to perform perturbative calculations due to the complexity caused by the interplay of two interactions. When one or two interactions are strong, ordinary perturbation theory may become invalid. Here we consider undoped graphene as an example and provide a non-perturbative quantum-field-theoretic analysis of the interplay of electron–phonon interaction and Coulomb interaction. We treat these two interactions on an equal footing and derive the exact Dyson–Schwinger (DS) integral equation of the full Dirac-fermion propagator. This equation depends on several complicated correlation functions and thus is difficult to handle. Fortunately, we find that these correlation functions obey a number of exact identities, which allows us to prove that the DS equation of full fermion propagator is self-closed. After solving this self-closed equation, we obtain the renormalized fermion velocity and show that its energy (momentum) dependence of renormalized fermion velocity is dominantly determined by the electron–phonon (Coulomb) interaction. In particular, the renormalized velocity exhibits a logarithmic momentum dependence and a non-monotonic energy dependence.
Electrohydrodynamic printing of submicron-microscale hybrid scaffolds with improved cellular adhesion and proliferation behaviors
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Shikang , He Jiankang , Lei Qi , Wu Chuang , Song Aiping , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has been considered as a mature strategy to mimic the hierarchical microarchitectures in native extracellular matrix (ECM). Most of the EHD-printed scaffolds possess single-dimensional fibrous structures, which cannot mimic the multi-dimensional architectures for enhanced cellular behaviors. Here we developed a two-nozzle EHD printing system to fabricate hybrid scaffolds involving submicron and microscale features. The polyethylene oxide- polycaprolactone (PEO-PCL) submicron fibers were fabricated via solution-based EHD printing with a width of 527 ± 56 nm. The PCL microscale fibers were fabricated via melt-based EHD printing with a width of 11.2 ± 2.3 μm. The hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by printing the submicron and microscale fibers in a layer-by-layer manner. The microscale scaffolds were utilized as a control group. Rat myocardial cells (H9C2 cells) were cultured on the two kinds of scaffolds for the culturing period of 1, 3 and 5 d. Biological results indicated that H9C2 cells showed enhanced adhesion and proliferation behaviors on the hybrid scaffold than those on the pure microscale scaffold. This work offers a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate multiscale synthetic scaffolds, which might be further explored to regulate cellular behaviors in the fields of tissue regeneration and biomedical engineering.
Uniformity calibration for large area XY strip parallel plate ionization chamber
Authors: Thien T C , Nemallapudi M V , Hsieh C W , Chen A E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Demand for large area parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) or large area ionization chamber (LAIC) has risen in recent years due to several advantages of the large effective area in monitoring therapeutic radiation beams. PPICs are designed for the measurements of beam profile and dosimetry in radiation therapy quality assurance (QA) procedures. Objective. Heterogeneous responses over the large sensitive area pose an undeniable concern for the straightforward applications of PPICs in clinical dosimetry. Uniformity calibration for the detector response is thus essential for the accurate performance of each PPIC unit. Approach. A large area XY strip PPIC, characterized by a large effective area of 345.44 × 345.44 mm2 and 256 readout channels, was investigated in this study. A new systematic uniformity calibration is developed to improve the lateral response of the PPIC over the measurements for both narrow beams and large square field beams. A 2D response map of the PPIC was obtained by a spot-scanning method using a compact x-ray tube (mini x-ray). The mini x-ray, providing stable radiation (uncertainty <0.1%), was moved with a step size of 20 mm in 2 dimensions across the entire PPIC surface to collect a complete spot scan. Different uniformity calibration methods were introduced for the measurement of the PPIC by adopting the information from the detector 2D response map. Main results. Deviation of the detector response, before calibration, was observed to reach about 7% for the testing PPIC unit which is much higher than the recommended uniformity response of 1% (IAEA TRS-398). The uniformity response of the PPIC improved significantly to less than 1% across the detector surface after calibration. Significance. The proposed methods enable the practical application of PPIC in routine clinical dosimetry and can be reliably adopted by any radiation facility to perform daily and monthly QA.
Limitations of phase-sorting based pencil beam scanned 4D proton dose calculations under irregular motion
Authors: Duetschler A , Prendi J , Safai S , Weber D C , Lomax A J , Zhang Ye 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. 4D dose calculation (4DDC) for pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy is typically based on phase-sorting of individual pencil beams onto phases of a single breathing cycle 4DCT. Understanding the dosimetric limitations and uncertainties of this approach is essential, especially for the realistic treatment scenario with irregular free breathing motion. Approach. For three liver and three lung cancer patient CTs, the deformable multi-cycle motion from 4DMRIs was used to generate six synthetic 4DCT(MRI)s, providing irregular motion (11/15 cycles for liver/lung; tumor amplitudes ∼4–18 mm). 4DDCs for two-field plans were performed, with the temporal resolution of the pencil beam delivery (4–200 ms) or with 8 phases per breathing cycle (500–1000 ms). For the phase-sorting approach, the tumor center motion was used to determine the phase assignment of each spot. The dose was calculated either using the full free breathing motion or individually repeating each single cycle. Additionally, the use of an irregular surrogate signal prior to 4DDC on a repeated cycle was simulated. The CTV volume with absolute dose differences >5% (V
dosediff>5%) and differences in CTV V
95% and D
5%–D
95% compared to the free breathing scenario were evaluated.

Main results. Compared to 4DDC considering the full free breathing motion with finer spot-wise temporal resolution, 4DDC based on a repeated single 4DCT resulted in V
dosediff>5% of on average 34%, which resulted in an overestimation of V
95% up to 24%. However, surrogate based phase-sorting prior to 4DDC on a single cycle 4DCT, reduced the average V
dosediff>5% to 16% (overestimation V
95% up to 19%). The 4DDC results were greatly influenced by the choice of reference cycle (V
dosediff>5% up to 55%) and differences due to temporal resolution were much smaller (V
dosediff>5% up to 10%). Significance. It is important to properly consider motion irregularity in 4D dosimetric evaluations of PBS proton treatments, as 4DDC based on a single 4DCT can lead to an underestimation of motion effects.
Trapped particle resonance effects on the NTM driven losses of energetic particles
Authors: Ferrari H E , Farengo R , Garcia-Martinez P M , Clauser C F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The m = 2, n = 1 (where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) has been proposed as a candidate to explain the larger than expected losses of high energy ions produced by neutral beam injection observed in several experiments. Although the numerical simulations performed so far to study the effect of NTMs on energetic ions have reproduced several features observed in experiments, the agreement is not completely satisfactory. In particular, it has been difficult to reproduce the total amount of losses, which are affected by the details of the perturbation in the edge region. In this work, we study the effect of NTMs on the confinement of energetic ions produced by NBI injection using FOCUS, a full orbit code that runs in graphical processing units. This allows us to follow the evolution of a large number of ions with modest resources. A reconstruction technique that includes the experimental information available is employed to calculate the perturbed magnetic field. The main result of this study is that when the frequency of the NTM matches the toroidal precession frequency ω

tp
of the trapped ions (

ω

t
p

∼
E

, where E is the energy of the ion), the losses increase significantly.
Nonclassical correlated optical multistability at low photon level for cavity electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Tang Jing , Deng Yuangang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamic behaviors in a driven-dissipative single-atom cavity electromagnetically induced transparency. The optical bistability and multistability beyond a Kerr nonlinearity are observed utilizing the optical Stark shift induced strong nonlinearity. We show that the nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition between bistability and multistability is highly tunable by the system parameters in a large parameter region. The first-order dissipative optical bistability (multistability) always corresponds to the photon-bunching quantum statistics, which indicates that the quantum fluctuations and correlations play important roles in nonequilibrium dynamics. Interestingly, bistability and multistability with photon-bunching quantum statistics occurring at extremely low steady-state cavity photon number are observed, even under a very strong cavity driven field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unique cavity steady-state solution of the full quantum calculation is excellently consistent with the lowest solution based on the semiclassical mean-field approach in bistability and multistability regimes when the cavity photon number is much less than unity, albeit these nonclassical quantum states should possess strong quantum fluctuations in this parameter regime. Our results pave the way to exploring nonclassical correlated optical multistability in quantum regime, which may bring exciting opportunities for potential applications from quantum information processing to quantum metrology.
A novel scheme for error field correction in permanent magnet stellarators
Authors: Rutkowski A. , Hammond K. , Zhu C. , Gates D. , Chambliss A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stellarators offer a promising path towards fusion reactors, but their design and construction are complicated by stringent tolerance requirements on highly complex 3D coils. A potential way to simplify the engineering requirements for stellarators is to use simple planar toroidal field coils along with permanent magnet arrays to generate shaping fields. In order to ensure sufficient field accuracy while minimizing engineering complexity and system cost, new techniques are required to correct the field produced by the permanent magnet arrays to within requirements set by plasma physics. This work describes a novel correction method developed for this purpose. This analysis is applied to the design of a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator that employs a combination of permanent magnets and planar toroidal field coils to generate its magnetic field. Analysis techniques and initial results using the method for error correction on a proposed permanent magnet stellarator are shown, and it is demonstrated that the method successfully meets the design requirements of the project.
Amplified plasmonic emission enhancement of PbS quantum dots via Al-oxide/PMMA heterostructures
Authors: Sadeghi Seyed M , Gutha Rithvik R , Sharp Christina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the impact of Al oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface on plasmonic emission enhancement of infrared semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). For this, PbS QDs embedded in PMMA matrix are deposited on the top of heterostructures consisting of a Au thin film, a dielectric spacer, and an ultrathin layer of Al oxide. Our results suggest that such structures can support an emission enhancement far more than what can be reached in the cases when the QDs/PMMA films are placed on Au thin film/dielectric spacer directly, i.e. in the absence of the Al oxide. We also demonstrate that Au/Si/Al oxide/PMMA heterostructures can increase the photo-induced fluorescence enhancement of PbS QDs, making them brighter as they are irradiated with a laser field. We discuss these results in terms of combined effects of plasmonic field enhancement (Purcell effect) and the carboxylate anion bonds formed at the Al oxide/PMMA interface.
A O01 Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of gall stones after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Salman Mohamed , Issa Mohamed , Noureldin Khaled , Khalid Sadaf , Elewa Ahmed , Shaaban Hossam , Salman Ahmed , Gebril Mahmoud , Tourkey Mohamed , Elhaj Mujahid , Elsherbiney Mohammed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a risk factor for cholelithiasis. Besides, rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery upsurges the rate of cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare gallstone development frequency after LSG under ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) prophylaxis.

Methods
This prospective controlled study included 332 patients scheduled for LSG randomized to receive 500 mg UDCA daily for 12 months (UDCA Group) or no treatment (Control Group). Ultrasonography was done 6 and 12 months after surgery to detect gallstones. Cholecystectomy was done for complicated cases of cholelithiasis.

Results
Seventy-one patients were lost to follow-up, and 3 developed severe adverse effects of UDCA and were excluded. Data are presented for 130 patients in the UDCA group and 128 in the Control group. Collectively, 11 patients (8.5%) of the UDCA group and 41 (32.0%) of the Control group developed gall stones during the first postoperative year (p &lt; 0.001). Cholecystectomy was indicated in 3 patients (2.3%) of the UDCA group and 9 (7.0%) of the Control group (p = 0.072). On multivariate analysis, higher BMI, dyslipidemia, and lacking UDCA prophylaxis were the independent factors significantly associated with stone development. Also, stone development was associated with higher weight loss after 6 and 12 months.

Conclusions
UDCA 500 mg once daily for 12 months after LSG is effective in reducing gallstone formation at 1 year. UDCA administration reduced the frequency of cholecystectomies from 7 to 2.3%. High BMI and dyslipidemia are the independent preoperative factors significantly associated with stone development.
BS O04 Nip it in the bud - Need for changing perceptions of obesity amongst medical students along with inclusion in the medical school curriculum
Authors: Sokhal Balamrit , Menon S P K , Oputa S , Fagbemi Ona-Omovefe , Nanthakumar Nakulan , Rao Vittal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Obesity needs to be included in medical school curriculum in the context of the obesity pandemic

Methods
A multiple-choice survey was sent out to students in a medical school attached to a university teaching hospital. Respondents provided information on demographics and perceptions about obesity and bariatric surgery. Results were presented as frequencies and analysed.

Results
There were 223 respondents with M:F = 93:130. 61.8% were in years 1–3 and 65.9% were in normal BMI range. 8 had BMI of 35 and above. 16.0% were not aware obesity is classified as a disease, but 87.9% understood the term bariatric surgery. 73.9% defined obesity as BMI more than 30. 23.8% felt that obesity is a self-inflicted disease. 23.6% felt that bariatric surgery should not be funded by the NHS with 6.3% feeling that bariatric surgery is a waste of money. 54.0% students agreed that bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity.

Conclusions
Though overall perceptions were positive, a quarter of medical students felt that obesity is self-inflicted and just over 50% of students thought bariatric surgery was effective, indicating the need to include obesity and bariatric surgery in the curriculum in order to change firmly entrenched views around obesity.