bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Management of a Post-Choledochal Cyst Excision Pancreatic Fistula in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review on Risk Factors
Authors: Anbarasu Aravinth , Deshpande Aparna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Choledochal cyst is a premalignant condition and surgical excision with biliary enteric anastomosis is the standard of care. Surgical treatment in adults may be difficult due to associated biliary pathology and high incidence of postoperative complications is reported. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a rare early complication following choledochal cyst excision.
Material and Methods A 23-year-old male patient was operated for a Todani type IV-A choledochal cyst with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction. Cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Distal stump closure was technically challenging due to extreme thickening of the cyst wall with neovascularization. On postoperative day 2, patient developed tachycardia and progressive tachypnea with 200 mL of pancreatic fluid in the drain. Endoscopic pancreatic stenting was attempted but was technically not possible. At reexploration, leak from oversewn distal cyst stump was identified and the suture line was reinforced. After the second surgery the patient was hemodynamically stable but continued to have a low output pancreatic fistula for few days which was managed conservatively successfully. We conducted a review of English literature with an aim to identify the risk factors and predictors of pancreatic fistula following cyst excision. An electronic search was performed in Medline and Google Scholar during September 2020 and available literature since January 2000 were reviewed. The keywords used were “pancreatic fistula” and “choledochal cyst.”
Results Preoperative cholangiography (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreotography/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is essential to know the extent of cyst and delineate biliary pancreatic junction. Literature review including our case revealed that Todani type I-c, type IV, and forme fruste type of choledochal cyst are at high risk of pancreatic injury and POPF. Recurrent cholangitis makes excision technically more challenging and complete removal is not always possible.
Conclusion Postoperative pancreatic fistula can be anticipated in select group of patients with high-risk preoperative findings. Chronic inflammation due to recurrent cholangitis promotes scarring and neovascularization which adds to surgical complexity. Operative technique in these high-risk patients needs further refinement.
Manual Reduction of Incarcerated Abdominal Wall Hernias. A Feasible Option during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bouliaris Konstantinos , Efthimiou Matthaios , Chatzikomnitsa Paraskevi , Kolla Christina , Doudakmanis Christos , Zervas Konstantinos , Giaglaras Anargiros , Koukoulis Georgios D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Incarcerated hernia is a common surgical emergency with considerable morbidity or even mortality. Manual reduction (taxis) and elective surgery could be an alternative management approach. This study examines the role of taxis with the adjuvant use of the visual analogue scale (VAS) score in treating incarcerated hernias and thereby decreasing the emergency surgery rate, especially during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods All adult patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with incarcerated hernias of anterior abdominal wall were prospectively submitted to hernia manual reduction. The VAS score was used as an adjuvant tool for monitoring the success of this maneuver. Patients with successful taxis and low VAS score were hospitalized for a 24-hour period of observation. On their discharge, they were scheduled for an elective hernia repair. Patients with unsuccessful taxis or with less than a 50% reduction in VAS score after successful taxis were submitted to emergency surgical repair. Age, sex, type of hernias, time until taxis, VAS scores before and after taxis, length of hospital stay, and adverse events for both groups were recorded.
Results Between September 2018 and September 2020, 86 patients with incarcerated hernias were included. The types of hernias were incisional in 8 patients, umbilical in 15 patients, inguinal in 56 patients, and femoral in 7 patients. Taxis was successful in 66% of patients with a mean reduction in VAS score from 83 to 17 mm. Following successful taxis, patients were hospitalized for a 24-hour period of observation. No taxis-related complications were observed. Fifty-two patients were safely discharged from hospital and scheduled for an elective repair during the first month. Thirty-four patients were operated emergently. Five patients had successful taxis but with a reduction of posttaxis VAS score less than 50% (a mean reduction from 86 to 62 mm), while taxis failed in twenty-nine patients. Patients with emergency surgery had longer time until reduction and longer stay of hospitalization. In this group, two patients required admission to the intensive care unit while one patient died.
Conclusion In this protocolized approach, taxis is a safe and feasible option for most patients with incarcerated hernias. It should be kept in our armament, especially in times when emergency surgery capabilities are under strain like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical and Radiological Features of Cronkhite–Canada Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Lokesh Lokesh , Jindal Vikas , Das Prasenjit , Yadav Rajni , Makharia Govind K. , Madhusudhan Kumble Seetharama 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCronkhite–Canada syndrome is a rare non-hereditary disease characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis and protein-losing enteropathy. The presenting symptoms are onychodystrophy, skin pigmentation, alopecia, weight loss, and diarrhea. Diagnosis is suggested by a combination of clinical, imaging, and endoscopy findings, and histology is necessary for confirmation. Here we describe a case of a 54-year-old man presenting with watery diarrhea, colicky abdominal pain, nasal obstruction, and weight loss for 6 months. Endoscopy showed multiple polyps in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. These were seen on computed tomography (CT) enterography along with polyps in the small bowel. A final diagnosis was made after the biopsy.
High performance thin-film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon substrate using periodic capacitively loaded traveling-wave electrode
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Chen Kaixuan , Gan Ranfeng , Ruan Ziliang , Wang Zong , Huang Pucheng , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Dai Daoxin , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu 
Published: February 2022

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) based traveling-wave modulators maintain simultaneously excellent performances, including large modulation bandwidth, high extinction ratio, low optical loss, and high modulation efficiency. Nevertheless, there still exists a balance between the driving voltage and modulation bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-large bandwidth electro-optic modulator without compromising the driving voltage based on the TFLN platform on a silicon substrate, using a periodic capacitively loaded traveling-wave electrode. In order to compensate the slow-wave effect, an undercut etching technique for the silicon substrate is introduced to decrease the microwave refractive index. Our demonstrated devices represent both low optical and low microwave losses, which leads to a negligible optical insertion loss of 0.2 dB and a large electro-optic bandwidth with a roll-off of 1.4 dB at 67 GHz for a 10 mm-long device. A low half-wave voltage of 2.2 V is also achieved. Data rates up to 112 Gb s−1 with PAM-4 modulation are demonstrated. The compatibility of the proposed modulator to silicon photonics facilitates its integration with matured silicon photonic components using, e.g., hybrid integration technologies.
Reimagining Europe and its (dis)integration
Authors: Zappettini Franco , Bennett Samuel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article we introduce our special issue of the Journal of Language & Politics on the
(de)legitimisation of Europe. We start by outlining the rationale and research that led us to the special issue. In Section 2 we set out the contextual framing of the contributions, i.e., the crisis of
legitimacy that European institutions and indeed the entire European project, have faced for the last decade and a half; crises
that have been brought about by different events and actors and have resulted in centrifugal and centripetal processes. Next, we
outline our theoretical approach to legitimation, which combines politico-sociological perspectives with discursive and
communicative ones. This is followed by Section 4, which introduces and weaves together the
contributions to the special issue. Finally, in Section 5 we briefly discuss the findings
with regard to the aims and goals of the issue and also suggest potential next research steps.
Quelques notes à propos de l’olivier dans la chanson de geste
Authors: Guariglia Federico 
Published: February 2022

AbstraiteL’olivier est toujours un élément silencieux de la chanson de geste au Moyen Âge. La France septentrionale a précocement développé, aux XII-XIII siècles, une littérature épique qui se focalise sur les héros de la cour de Charlemagne. Les paladins du roi sont toujours engagés dans la lutte contre les infidèles, soit les Sarrasins soit les vassaux rebelles. Outre le courage et la force, ces guerres requièrent diplomatie et stratégie. Par conséquent, avant les conflits, le roi rassemble ses héros sous un olivier pour organiser la guerre. L’olivier devient un objet de bon augure pour la bataille, chargé de symbolisme religieux, en rappelant les prières de Jésus Christ dans le jardin de Gethsémani, la nuit de la Dernière Cène. Dans l’article, on essayera d’écrire une histoire du rôle de l’olivier dans la chanson de geste, en essayant de préciser les différents rôles de l’arbre.
The development of auditory temporal processing during the first year of life
Authors: Cabrera Laurianne , Lau Bonnie K. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
The processing of auditory temporal information is important for the extraction of voice pitch, linguistic information, as well as the overall temporal structure of speech. However, many aspects of its early development remain poorly understood. This paper reviews the development of auditory temporal processing during the first year of life when infants are acquiring their native language.

Methods:
First, potential mechanisms of neural immaturity are discussed in the context of neurophysiological studies. Next, what is known about infant auditory capabilities is considered with a focus on psychophysical studies involving non-speech stimuli to investigate the perception of temporal fine structure and envelope cues. Finally, this review concludes with studies involving speech stimuli, including those that present vocoded signals as a method of degrading the spectro-temporal information available to infant listeners.

Results/Conclusion:
This synthesis of past research suggests that infants are able to resolve auditory temporal information in the first postnatal months, but the ability to use and process the temporal information in an efficient way along the entire auditory pathway takes longer to mature. These findings have important implications for the development of language abilities, especially for infants who use cochlear implants.
The cylinder amplitude in the hard dimer model on 2D causal dynamical triangulations
Authors: Wheater John F , Xavier P D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the model of hard dimers coupled to two-dimensional causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) with all dimer types present and solve it exactly subject to a single restriction. Depending on the dimer weights there are, in addition to the usual gravity phase of CDT, two tri-critical and two dense dimer phases. We establish the properties of these phases, computing their cylinder and disk amplitudes, and their scaling limits.
Study of circular geodesics and shadow of rotating charged black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter immersed in plasma
Authors: Das Anish , Saha Ashis , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, we consider a rotating charged black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We consider the system to be immersed in non-magnetised, pressureless plasma. First, we evaluate the null geodesics in order to study the co-rotating and counter rotating photon orbits. Further, we analyse the null geodesics to calculate the celestial coordinates (α, β). The celestial coordinates are used to determine the black hole shadow radius (R
s). Thereafter, we observe and analyse the effects of black hole spacetime, perfect fluid dark matter and plasma parameters (a, Q, χ, k) on the black hole shadow in detail. Finally, we study the effect of plasma distribution on the effective potential (V
eff) of the black hole spacetime as encountered by the photons. We also present bounds on the plasma parameter from the observational data from M87* central supermassive black hole.
A-axis oriented Zn0.72Mg0.28O epitaxial thin films with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility
Authors: Meng Lei , Lv Zunren , Chai Hongyu , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Large nonlinear susceptibility that originates from strong electronic polarization enables ultrafast nonlinear optical devices. This work discovers that Mg incorporation has important contribution for enhancing second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ
(2)) and laser-induced surface-damage threshold of wurtzite ZnO epitaxial thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. Second-harmonic generation measurements derive that as-deposited Zn0.72Mg0.28O shows a gain of 48%, 77% and 33% in χ
33, χ
31 and χ
15 with respect to as-deposited ZnO. Specially, the annealed Zn0.72Mg0.28O has a χ
33 value of −57.0 ± 1.8 pm V−1, which gets comparable to that of LiNbO3 crystals. Triple-axis x-ray diffraction measurements conclude that the Mg incorporation should increase the χ
(2) under optical frequency electric field by strengthening electronic polarization rather than increasing the residual strain in the film. Furthermore, the annealed Zn0.72Mg0.28O exhibits an increase of 48% in laser-induced surface-damage threshold relative to [11–20] ZnO crystals. These findings open the way of the Zn0.72Mg0.28O thin films to ultrafast nonlinear optical devices.
Thermo-elastic behavior of hexagonal Sc–Ti–Zr–Hf high-entropy alloys
Authors: Huang Shuo , Cheng Jie , Liu Lei , Li Wei , Jin Hongyun , Vitos Levente 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in tuning the long-standing strength-ductility tradeoff have drawn attention to high-entropy alloys (HEAs), and the appearance of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures has been emphasized. However, few studies have explored the elastic moduli of hcp HEAs, which is of prime importance for improved understanding of the outstanding mechanical properties. In this work, we focus on a set of equiatomic rare-earth-free HEAs with hcp structures, i.e. ScTiZr, ScTiHf, ScZrHf, TiZrHf, and ScTiZrHf, and their thermo-elastic properties are studied using quantum mechanical first-principles methods. It is found that, for all considered HEAs, the hexagonal axial ratio shows a weak dependence on the temperature effect, and the thermal expansion coefficient remains almost unchanged above room temperature. From the calculated temperature-dependent single-crystal elastic constants, we analyzed the mechanical stability, elastic anisotropy, and derived polycrystalline moduli. Results indicate that the present HEAs exhibit rather high elastic isotropy and large elastic softening resistance. The ab initio predicted Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and specific modulus do not obey the rule of mixture, which indicates that there exists a strong intrinsic hardening effect in all of the considered HEAs. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements.
Spectrally pure far-UVC emission from AlGaN-based LEDs with dielectric band pass filters
Authors: Guttmann Martin , Lobo-Ploch Neysha , Gundlach Heiko , Mehnke Frank , Sulmoni Luca , Wernicke Tim , Cho Hyun Kyong , Hilbrich Katrin , Külberg Alexander , Friedler Matthias , Filler Thomas , Käpplinger Indira , Mitrenga Dennis , Maier Christian , Brodersen Olaf , Ortlepp Thomas , Woggon Ulrike , Einfeldt Sven , Kneissl Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
AlGaN-based far ultraviolet-C (UVC) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a peak emission wavelength below 240 nm typically show a long-wavelength tail at >240 nm that is detrimental to the use of the devices for skin-friendly antisepsis. We present the development of far-UVC LEDs with reduced long-wavelength emission using a HfO2/SiO2-based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) filter. When the DBR filter is directly mounted on an LED package, the long-wavelength emission around 250 nm is reduced by two orders of magnitude while the transmitted output power is reduced down to 18%–27% of the initial value for DBR filters with cut-off wavelengths at 237–243 nm. As the transmission through the DBR filter depends strongly on the angle of incidence of the radiation, the transmitted output power of the spectrally pure far-UVC radiation can be doubled when an additional collimating lens is used on top of the LED package before passing through the filter.
Fault severity assessment for rotating machinery via improved Lempel–Ziv complexity based on variable-step multiscale analysis and equiprobable space partitioning
Authors: Su Zhou , Shi Juanjuan , Luo Yang , Shen Changqing , Zhu Zhongkui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fault severity assessment based on vibration measurements for rotating machinery is critical since it can reduce downtime and guarantee the reliability of the equipment. Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC) has been widely used for the fault severity assessment. However, LZC is of a single-scale analysis and 0-1 encoding, which cannot fully explore the features of vibration signals measured from rotating machinery. This paper, thus, proposes an improved LZC based on the variable-step multiscale analysis (VSMA) and equiprobable space partitioning (ESP) strategies to fully explore features of vibrations of rotating machinery. The VSMA is proposed to overcome the drawback that the single-scale analysis fails to comprehensively uncover features and solve the problem that the traditional multiscale analysis significantly reduces the length of sequences. With the VSMA, a string of time series under different scales can be generated. The ESP is developed to transform the time series into symbolic series, with the capability of reserving the features of vibration signals and being more robust against noise, particularly for non-stationary signals. Then, the ESP based variable-step multiscale LZCs (i.e. ESP-VSMLZCs) are obtained. To fuse the obtained ESP-VSMLZCs and obtain a comprehensive indicator for fault severity assessment, Laplacian score weighting is adopted. As such, a single ESP based variable-step multiscale fusion LZC indicator can be obtained. The proposed indicator is verified by simulated data from a bearing dynamic model and experimental data measured from rotating machinery.
CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed on carbon rods derived from cotton for high-efficiency microwave absorption
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Liu Dong , Meng Yubo , Tang Shiyu , Wang Fei , Bian Chao , Chen Xiaoyue , Xiao Siren , Meng Xiuxia , Yang Naitao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Biomass-derived carbon materials have received a surge of scientific attention to develop lightweight and broadband microwave absorbers. Herein, rodlike porous carbon materials derived from cotton have been fabricated with uniformly dispersed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles via facile and scalable process. The combination of magnetic particles and carbonaceous material is advantageous to realize the magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect which could effectively promote the dissipation of incident waves, giving rise to an optimal reflection loss value of –48.2 dB over a qualified bandwidth (4.8 GHz) at 2.5 mm. The cotton-derived carbon rods with conductive network not only act as a supporter to carry the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, but also provide massive heterointerfaces to facilitate the interfacial polarization. In consideration of the renewable and abundant resource of cotton, the as-prepared CoFe2O4/C composites would meet the increasing demand of lightweight and highly efficient microwave absorbers.
Electrostatic shock waves driven by electron vortices in laser–plasma interactions
Authors: Yue D N , Chen M , Geng P F , Yuan X H , Dong Q L , Sheng Z M , Zhang J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear structures such as shock waves and vortices widely exist in nature and the Universe. They have also been separately observed in laser–plasma interactions. We show for the first time that two perpendicularly propagated collisionless electrostatic shock waves (CESs) can be excited by a moving electron vortex (EV). The latter is driven by an ultrashort intense laser pulse propagating through a sandwich nonuniform underdense plasma slab and is found to move perpendicularly to the density gradient. Two CESs are observed on both sides of the passing route of the EVs. The left-side CES is induced by a high-density electron layer, which originates from the vortex front and is compressed and accelerated during the EV motion. The right-side CES is induced by supersonic ions accelerated by the EVs directly. Ion acceleration by such CESs along the directions perpendicular to the vortex propagation is also observed. This study reveals the transformation of nonlinear structures and provides new routes for laser energy dissipation in plasmas.
The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program
Authors: Brüning Oliver , Gray Heather , Klein Katja , Lamont Mike , Narain Meenakshi , Polifka Richard , Rossi Lucio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present an overview of the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC) program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its scientific potential and technological challenges for both the accelerator and detectors. The HL-LHC program is expected to start circa 2027 and aims to increase the integrated luminosity delivered by the LHC by an order of magnitude at the collision energy of 14 TeV. This requires upgrades to the injector system, accelerator complex and luminosity levelling. The two experiments, ATLAS and CMS, require substantial upgrades to most of their systems in order to cope with the increased interaction rate, and much higher radiation levels than at the current LHC. We present selected examples based on novel ideas and technologies for applications at a hadron collider. Both experiments will replace their tracking systems. We describe the ATLAS pixel detector upgrade featuring novel tilted modules, and the CMS Outer Tracker upgrade with a new module design enabling use of tracks in the level-1 trigger system. CMS will also install state-of-the-art highly segmented calorimeter endcaps. Finally, we describe new picosecond precision timing detectors of both experiments. In addition, we discuss how the upgrades will enhance the physics performance of the experiments, and solve the computing challenges posed by the expected large data sets. The physics program of the HL-LHC is focused on precision measurements probing the limits of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and discovering new physics. We present a selection of studies that have been carried out to motivate the HL-LHC program. A central topic of exploration will be the characterization of the Higgs boson. The large HL-LHC data samples will extend the sensitivity of searches for new particles or new interactions whose existence has been hypothesized in order to explain shortcomings of the SM. Finally, we comment on the nature of large scientific collaborations.