bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of growth patterns during infancy and puberty with lung function, wheezing and asthma in adolescents aged 17.5 years: evidence from ‘Children of 1997’ Hong Kong Chinese Birth Cohort
Authors: He Baoting , Li Albert M , Kwok Man Ki , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Leung Gabriel M , Schooling C Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Rapid growth is related to adverse respiratory outcomes although possibly confounded or limited by growth modelling methods. We investigated the association of infant and pubertal growth with lung function, wheezing and asthma in a non-Western setting.

Methods
In Hong Kong’s ‘Children of 1997’ Chinese birth cohort (n = 8327), weight during infancy and weight, height and body mass index (BMI) during puberty were modelled using a super-imposition by translation and rotation model to identify (larger or smaller) size, (earlier or later) tempo and (slower or faster) velocity. Sex-specific associations with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (Global Lung function Initiative z-score) and self-reported wheezing and asthma at ∼17.5 years were assessed.

Results
For each fraction higher than average weight growth velocity during infancy, FVC was higher in boys (0.90 SD, 95% CI 0.35; 1.44) and girls (0.77 SD, 95% CI 0.24; 1.30), FEV1/FVC was lower (–0.74 SD, 95% CI –1.38; –0.10) and wheezing was higher (odds ratio 6.92, 95% CI 1.60; 29.99) in boys and an inverse association with FVC was observed for tempo but not for size. Associations for weight growth velocity in puberty were similar but weaker. Greater size and higher velocity of BMI growth was associated with higher FVC, lower FEV1/FVC and higher asthma and wheezing risk.

Conclusion
Accelerated infant and pubertal weight growth were associated with disproportionate lung size and airway growth, and higher risk of asthma; optimizing early-life growth patterns could be important.
Role of Appetite Hormone Dysregulation in Symptomology and Executive Function in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Ba Ya-Mei , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests an association of insulin and leptin with attention and executive function. The roles of dysregulated appetite hormones, including insulin and leptin, in the pathomechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated cognitive function impairment remain unknown.

Methods
In total, 50 adolescents with ADHD were enrolled and age and sex matched with 50 typically developing controls. The parent-reported Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale and self-reported Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were employed for symptom assessment. The fasting serum concentrations of appetite hormones—leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and adiponectin—were measured. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to examine executive function.

Results
Generalized linear models with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and medications indicated that the adolescents with ADHD had higher levels of insulin (P = .039) and leptin (P = .006) than did those in the control group. Self-reported attention and self-control symptoms were negatively associated with insulin level (P = .025 and .018, respectively) and positively associated with leptin level (both P &lt; .001). In addition, insulin level was positively associated with executive function (P = .031).

Conclusion
Appetite hormone dysregulation was associated with the symptomology and executive function among adolescents with ADHD. Our results may inspire researchers to further examine the role of appetite hormone dysregulation in ADHD pathogenesis.
Intellectual property rights, enforcement costs and EU competition law
Authors: Bastidas Venegas Vladimir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cases in the intellectual property rights (IPR)–Competition Law intersection have raised the issue of costs of enforcement of IPRs when dealing with the assessment of whether competition law has been breached. Importantly, a systematic underestimation of enforcement costs may be problematic for the protection of underlying investments behind intellectual property as well as obstruct the cooperation between an IPR holder and its licensees, in particular as regards patent rights. Cases on reverse payments indicate that payments by a patent holder to a generic manufacturer under a settlement agreement may well be legitimate in order avoid enforcement costs while not restricting competition. The hard stance on no-challenge clauses and termination clauses under the technology transfer block exemption regulation (TTBER) can destabilize the relation between two parties that would benefit from increased certainty when cooperating to commercialize new technology. In cases regarding the failure of parties to agree on fair and reasonable and non-discriminatory-licensing of standard essential patents, a correct approach has probably been taken in Huawei. However, it is doubtful to what extent the judgment is based upon a balancing exercise that explicitly factors in enforcements cost. Accordingly, it is argued that the current framework of analysis of cases in the intersection is inadequate to proper assess enforcement costs of IPRs.
Trading Plastic Waste in a Global Economy: Soundly Regulated by the Basel Convention?
Authors: van der Marel Eva Romée 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the implications of the Basel Convention’s amendments on plastics as part of the transition to a more sustainable global plastics economy where plastic wastes are seen as a valuable resource. Key categories of plastics continue to be excluded from the Convention, provided they are destined for recycling in an ‘environmentally sound manner’ (so-called ESM recycling). The exact interpretation of ESM recycling is worthy of attention as the way in which the term is applied reveals much about the kind of plastics economy that the Convention supports, which, as shown here, continues to risk mismanagement of plastic waste abroad. This article finds that, absent sound regulation, there is a need to reimagine the role of the country of export and strengthen its responsibilities to ensure the sound management of plastic wastes abroad.
Concentration Dependent Feeding on Imidacloprid by Behaviorally Resistant House Flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Hubbard Caleb B , Murillo Amy C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The house fly (Musca domestica L.) is a cosmopolitan and synanthropic pest fly commonly associated with confined animal facilities, known to mechanically vector numerous disease-causing pathogens. Control of adult house flies often relies on insecticides formulated into insecticidal baits, though many baits have failed due to insecticide resistance. House fly resistance to imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide available for fly control, has evolved through physiological and behavioral mechanisms in field populations. Behavioral resistance to imidacloprid was documented in field populations of flies from southern California dairies. Lab colonies of these flies were established and behavioral resistance to imidacloprid was selected over several generations. The current study examined the ability of these lab-selected flies to feed on varying concentrations of imidacloprid formulated in sucrose, and if these flies would demonstrate a feeding preference for different concentrations of imidacloprid when exposed in bioassays. Behaviorally resistant flies preferred to feed on untreated sucrose as opposed to treated sucrose at concentrations greater than 25 µg/g imidacloprid when provided sucrose treated with and without imidacloprid. When provisioned with only sucrose treated with a low and high imidacloprid concentration, flies fed on the low concentrations (≤100 µg/g) imidacloprid but reduced feeding on either treatment when concentrations were &gt;100 µg/g imidacloprid. The current study extends the body of knowledge on house fly behavioral resistance to imidacloprid, which could provide insights into future failures of granular fly baits.
Severe Influenza-Associated Neurological Disease in Australian Children: Seasonal Population-Based Surveillance 2008–2018
Authors: Donnelley Erin , Teutsch Suzy , Zurynski Yvonne , Nunez Carlos , Khandaker Gulam , Lester-Smith David , Festa Marino , Booy Robert , Elliott Elizabeth J , Britton Philip N ,   Contributors to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Deverell Marie , Phu Amy , Handel Dannielle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Influenza-associated neurological disease (IAND) is uncommon but can result in death or neurological morbidity in children. We aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of children with IAND from seasonal influenza in Australia.

Methods
We analyzed national, population-based, surveillance data for children aged ≤ 14 years with severe influenza and neurological involvement, over 11 Australian influenza seasons, 2008–2018, by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit.

Results
There were 633 laboratory-confirmed cases of severe influenza reported. Of these, 165 (26%) had IAND. The average annual incidence for IAND was 3.39 per million children aged ≤ 14 years. Compared to cases without neurological complications, those with IAND were more likely to have a pre-existing neurological disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.03, P &lt; .001), but most children with IAND did not (n = 135, 82%). Children with IAND were more likely to receive antivirals (OR 1.80, P = .002), require intensive care (OR 1.79, P = .001), require ventilation (OR 1.99; P = .001), and die (OR 2.83, P = .004).

Conclusions
IAND is a preventable cause of mortality, predominantly in otherwise well children. Incidence estimates validate previous sentinel site estimates from Australia. IAND accounted for a quarter of all severe influenza, is associated with intensive care unit admission, and accounted for half of all influenza deaths.
Eye movement pattern of reading Chinese Classics
Authors: Lin Yuanbiao , Li Xiaozhe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article explores the use of eye movement technology in studying the reading pattern of Chinese classical text. Written in a character-based ancient language, Classical Chinese or wenyanwen, the Chinese classics are known to be difficult to apprehend for most contemporary readers. In this study, a new character-oriented eye movement technology, Region of Interest in Reading (ROIR), was invented to detect readers’ attention allocation in reading. Based on ROIRs, first fixation duration, gaze duration, and total fixation duration were formulated to discuss readers’ cognitive processes and reading patterns when reading Classical Chinese text. The empirical study was conducted using Tao Te Ching (道德经) as the reading material. The study provides foundational technology for the construction of Chinese-oriented eye movement control model, and the findings also shed light on the teaching of Chinese Classics.
Integrating traditional ritual dance and minority culture of Western Hunan into dance instruction: Utilizing information technology to preserve China’s intangible heritage
Authors: Ma Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The goals of this study were to design an online platform devoted to preserving and studying China’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) within the limits of ritual and minority dances of western Hunan, obtain experimental data on the usefulness of the developed platform in the preservation and study of Chinese ritual and folk dances, assess dance instructors’ participation in ICH preservation through information technology (IT), and identify IT means able to preserve China’s ICH within the framework of higher education dance instruction in China. For these aims to be achieved, the layout and structure of the platform with audio/video/photo materials, animations, and 3D models were developed, and a number of educators teaching various dance disciplines at universities of China were surveyed. Overall, the study sample comprised 114 people. The platform’s database was compiled by Art History postgraduates from the National Center for the Performing Arts, while its backbone was created by Beijing IT specialists. According to the carried-out assessment, photo/video materials were identified as the most popular IT means capable of preserving China’s ICH as a part of dance instruction in higher education (68.4%). 3D technology was preferred by 19.3% of respondents, textual documents—by 9.6%, and virtual reality technology—by 2.7%. The practical significance of the collected data lies in the possibility of their usage in the process of creating university dance instruction curricula, modernizing instruction materials, developing online webinars, and improving the process of teaching traditional Chinese and world culture.
Tumor BOLD connectivity profile correlates with glioma patients’ survival
Authors: Sprugnoli Giulia , Rigolo Laura , Faria Meghan , Juvekar Parikshit , Tie Yanmei , Rossi Simone , Sverzellati Nicola , Golby Alexandra J , Santarnecchi Emiliano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPresence of residual neurovascular activity within glioma lesions have been recently demonstrated via functional MRI (fMRI) along with active electrical synapses between glioma cells and healthy neurons that influence survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether gliomas demonstrate synchronized neurovascular activity with the rest of the brain, by measuring Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal synchronization, that is, functional connectivity (FC), while also testing whether the strength of such connectivity might predict patients’ overall survival (OS).MethodsResting-state fMRI scans of patients who underwent pre-surgical brain mapping were analyzed (total sample, n = 54; newly diagnosed patients, n = 18; recurrent glioma group, n = 36). A seed-to-voxel analysis was conducted to estimate the FC signal profile of the tumor mass. A regression model was then built to investigate the potential correlation between tumor FC and individual OS. Finally, an unsupervised, cross-validated clustering analysis was performed including tumor FC and clinical OS predictors (e.g., Karnofsky Performance Status - KPS - score, tumor volume, and genetic profile) to verify the performance of tumor FC in predicting OS with respect to validated radiological, demographic, genetic and clinical prognostic factors.ResultsIn both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioma patients a significant pattern of BOLD synchronization between the solid tumor and distant brain regions was found. Crucially, glioma-brain FC positively correlated with variance in individual survival in both newly diagnosed glioma group (r = 0.90–0.96; P &lt; .001; R2 = 81–92%) and in the recurrent glioma group (r = 0.72; P &lt; .001; R2 = 52%), outperforming standard clinical, radiological and genetic predictors.ConclusionsResults suggest glioma’s synchronization with distant brain regions should be further explored as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Factors affecting the radiation response in glioblastoma
Authors: Aiyappa-Maudsley Radhika , Chalmers Anthony J , Parsons Jason L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive primary brain tumor in adults with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Conventional radiotherapy with photons, along with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide, is the mainstay for treatment of GBM although no significant improvement in survival rates has been observed over the last 20 years. Inherent factors such as tumor hypoxia, radioresistant GBM stem cells, and upregulated DNA damage response mechanisms are well established as contributing to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. While it is understandable that efforts have focused on targeting these factors to overcome this phenotype, there have also been striking advances in precision radiotherapy techniques, including proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). These enable higher doses of radiation to be delivered precisely to the tumor, while minimizing doses to surrounding normal tissues and organs at risk. These alternative radiotherapy techniques also benefit from increased biological effectiveness, particularly in the case of CIRT. Although not researched extensively to date, combining these new radiation modalities with radio-enhancing agents may be particularly effective in improving outcomes for patients with GBM.
Stroke-associated infections in patients with and without cancer
Authors: Seystahl Katharina , Schweizer Juliane , Katan Mira , Weber Sung Ju , Hug Alessia , Wanner Miriam , Luft Andreas R , Rohrmann Sabine , Wegener Susanne , Weller Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer in stroke patients is associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers and unfavorable poststroke outcomes. We thus explored whether there is a link between cancer and stroke-associated infections.MethodsMedical records of patients with ischemic stroke in 2014–2016 registered in the Swiss Stroke Registry of Zurich were retrospectively analyzed. Incidence, characteristics, treatment, and outcome of stroke-associated infections diagnosed within 7 days after stroke onset were tested for an association with cancer.ResultsAmong 1181 patients with ischemic stroke, 102 patients with cancer were identified. Stroke-associated infections occurred in 179 and 19 patients (17% and 19%) without and with cancer (P = .60), respectively, among them pneumonia in 95 and 10 patients (9% and 10%) and urinary tract infections in 68 and 9 patients (6% and 9%) (P = .74 and P = .32). Use of antibiotics was similar between groups. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P &lt; .001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = .014) and procalcitonin (P = .015) were higher and levels of albumin (P = .042) and protein (P = .031) were lower in patients with cancer than without cancer. Among patients without cancer, higher CRP (P &lt; .001), ESR (P &lt; .001) and procalcitonin (P = .04) and lower albumin (P &lt; .001) were associated with stroke-associated infections. Among cancer patients with or without infections, no significant differences in these parameters were observed. In-hospital mortality was associated with cancer (P &lt; .001) and with stroke-associated infections (P &lt; .001). However, among patients with stroke-associated infections, cancer was not associated with in-hospital mortality (P = .24) or 30-day mortality (P = .66).ConclusionsCancer does not represent a risk factor for stroke-associated infections in this patient cohort.
Navigating disability insurance in the American healthcare system for the low-grade glioma patient
Authors: Yogendran Lalanthica , Rudolf Mark , Yeannakis Drew , Fuchs Kathleen , Schiff David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the United States, diagnosis of grade 3 or 4 glioma qualifies patients for Social Security disability benefits. Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) can be similarly debilitating, with at least 31% of patients presenting with cognitive deficits and 80% with tumor-related epilepsy. A diagnosis of LGG does not in and of itself qualify patients for disability benefits; the burden of proof is substantially higher. We outline the American healthcare system process of medical documentation to support disability benefits, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). We provide a template to assist providers in facilitating the application process for patients with LGG. The provider’s role is not to simply “declare” a patient disabled, but to provide comprehensive documentation regarding diagnosis, treatment, disease status, symptoms, and functional status in the medical record. As cognitive symptoms and seizures are 2 key sources of disability in LGG patients, selective referrals to neuropsychology and epileptology may improve patient care and bolster documentation of the patient’s symptoms in these domains. Likewise, connecting patients with social workers and disability claims representatives can assist them in navigating the complicated application process. We provide an extensive review for patient eligibility in the United States to receive disability. We map a comprehensive care process that may have relevance to multiple regions outside the United States. Providers are better able to help their patients navigate the disability application process when they understand how to address physical and cognitive changes for thorough care of their patient.
Multidisciplinary care of patients with narcolepsy during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Italy via televisit: the TElemedicine for NARcolepsy feasibility study
Authors: Pizza Fabio , Vignatelli Luca , Oriolo Claudia , Zenesini Corrado , Mangiaruga Anastasia , Rossetti Andrea , Moresco Monica , Vandi Stefano , Citeroni Francesca , Pagotto Uberto , Ingravallo Francesca , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Narcolepsy is a rare chronic central disorder of hypersomnolence with frequent endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. To address the complex care needs of patients during the COVID-19 emergency, we carried out a feasibility study of the TElemedicine for NARcolepsy (TENAR) protocol with the aim of assessing the feasibility of a multidisciplinary care approach via televisit for patients with narcolepsy.

Methods
A feasibility single open-arm study on the multidisciplinary care of children (&gt;7 y.o.) and adults with narcolepsy who required a follow-up visit was realized during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency period in Italy. The study included a sleep, metabolic, and psychosocial assessment via televisit at baseline, at 6, and at 12 months from the study inclusion period (15th May–26th June 2020).

Results
In total 39 out of 44 eligible patients (89%) entered the study (30 adults, nine children); 37 patients (95%) ended the 12-month follow-up. At baseline, the median Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS) was 10 (IQR 8–14), and the median body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 (IQR 22.1–30.9). During the follow-up period, the ESS score decreased from the 6th month onward (p = 0.003), and BMI decreased at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.047), while there were no differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of life, compliance with treatment, adverse drug reactions, or accidents.

Conclusions
High response and retention rates, stability of ESS, and lack of side effects indicate that telemedicine is a feasible and safe approach for adults and children with narcolepsy.
The Continued Absence of Functional Germline Stem Cells in Adult Ovaries
Authors: Yoshihara Masahito , Wagner Magdalena , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Zhao Cheng , Petropoulos Sophie , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha , Lanner Fredrik , Damdimopoulou Pauliina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOvaries are central to development, fertility, and reproduction of women. A particularly interesting feature of ovaries is their accelerated aging compared to other tissues, leading to loss of function far before other organs senesce. The limited pool of ovarian follicles is generated before birth and once exhausted, menopause will inevitably commence around the age of 50 years marking the end of fertility. Yet, there are reports suggesting the presence of germline stem cells and neo-oogenesis in adult human ovaries. These observations have fueled a long debate, created experimental fertility treatments, and opened business opportunities. Our recent analysis of cell types in the ovarian cortex of women of fertile age could not find evidence of germline stem cells. Like before, our work has been met with critique suggesting methodological shortcomings. We agree that excellence starts with methods and welcome discussion on the pros and cons of different protocols. In this commentary, we discuss the recent re-interpretation of our work.