bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide as an Early Predictor of Dysplasia in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Nagaraj Tejavathi , Veerabasavaiah Bhavana T. , Santosh H. N 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 1(LEAP1) plays a major role in dysplasia. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are on the rise, and the rate of malignant transformation is alarming. Iron (Fe) deficiency in anemia of chronic disease may be because of the presence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The metabolism of Fe is altered in dysplasia, leading to dysregulation of Fe homeostasis.

Aim and Objective:
This study aimed to estimate the levels of serum LEAP1 in subjects having OSMF and OSMF with dysplasia and to establish the role of LEAP1 in dysplasia associated with OSMF and in iron homeostasis.

Materials and Methods:
This study was registered with the CTRI [Clinical Trial Registry of India (REF/2019/06/026566)] as a clinical trial. Twenty participants were selected. Ten participants with OSMF and 10 with OSMF along with dysplastic changes were chosen and categorized as group I and group II. Serum LEAP was estimated in the 20 subjects with clinically diagnosed OSMF. Baseline hematologic investigations like complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear, and LEAP1 were done.

Statistics:
Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 11.5 (IBM, New York, USA). To assess the correlation between serum LEAP1 and OSMF, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used. To obtain the interconnection between serum LEAP1 and dysplasia, independent t-test was used. By calculating the effect size, clinical significance was established.

Results:
Serum LEAP1 levels in group I (OSMF with dysplasia) showed a remarkable increase in the value in comparison with group II (OSMF without dysplasia). The correlation between the values of serum LEAP1 and dysplasia was significant with P < 0.001.

Clinical Significance:
Alterations in the iron metabolism are observed in dysplasia; hence, LEAP1 can be a novel marker in the early detection of cancer and can lead to effective treatment and increased survival rate in oral cancer.

Conclusion:
This research explores new avenues by linking LEAP1 levels to the presence of dysplasia. We can conclude that improvement in the body's iron stores leads to a decrease in serum LEAP1. Therefore, to assess iron storage in OSMF serum, LEAP1 can be used as a novel diagnostic marker.
Prevalence of peripheral venous cannula-related colonization and infections in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Nithya Parasuraman , Meenakshi Krishnaswami Devi , Naaraayan Sridevi A. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Intravenous (IV) access exposes patients to risk of catheter-related infections. The source of infection is either microbial colonization of the cannula or contamination of the hub or drugs. The study objectives were to estimate the prevalence of the peripheral venous cannula (PVC)-related infection and the factors associated with colonization and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms causing infection.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study which included infants and children who required an indwelling PVC. Visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) score was recorded for insertion site changes. Cannula tip and blood were sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed based on bacterial growth in both the cannula tip and blood culture.

Results:
Out of the 256 children recruited in the study, 57% were males and 13% were undernourished. The most common primary illness was respiratory disease. Cannula tip growth was noted in 8.5%. The PVC colonization rate was 37.9/1000 catheter days. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between the primary illness, multiple attempts for insertion, longer duration of IV fluid use, retention of cannula beyond 96 h, and higher VIP scores >2 and cannula colonization.

Conclusions:
Apart from strict adherence to infection prevention techniques, disposal of cannula after one failed attempt, changing IV cannula after 96 h, inspection of cannula site to identify phlebitis early, and removal of the cannula when the VIP score is >2 may help to minimize cannula-related colonization and infection.
Effect of Cashew Nut Shell Ash on Volumetric Shrinkage of Compacted Clay Soil
Authors: Sule Joseph , Ehikwe Michael U. 
Published: September 2022

Hydraulic conductivity value of a compacted clay soil can rise above the minimum regulatory value during desiccation thereby induces large cracks in an engineered landfill. In the quest to reduce the degree of cracking that will be generated dues to the volumetric shrinkage of the compacted clay soil, which in turn will reduce the amount of leachate that will be percolating into the underground water system, an investigation was performed by treating a clay soil with up to 16% Cashew Nut Shell Ash (CNSA) content using three compactive efforts (Standard proctor (SP), West African standard (WAS) and Modified Proctor (MP)) at -2, 0, 2 and 4% of optimum moisture content (OMC). Samples were extruded from the compaction moulds and placed on the laboratory table to air dry for 30 days at a uniform regulated temperature of 27 ± 2Oc in order to evaluate the suitability of the material for the construction of cover and liner in an engineered landfill. Results indicated that the OMC and maximum dry density (MDD) increased with higher CNSA treatment. Volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS) increased with; higher CNSA, higher molding moisture content and moisture content relative to the optimum. Effect of CNSA on the soil showed that all specimens prepared at 2% dry of optimum to 4% wet of optimum for 4% and 8% soil-CNSA mixtures for the three compactive efforts, met the maximum allowable regulatory VSS criterion of4%, thus making the material suitable for the construction of cover and liner in waste dumping ground.
Selection of Mass Transfer Models for Competitive Adsorption of Antibiotics Mixture from Aqueous Solution on Delonix regia Pod Activated Carbon
Authors: Ajani Ayobami O. , Ojo Ilesanmi A. , Bello Wasiat O. , Akinsola Ameen N. , Afolabi Tinuade J. , Alade Abass O 
Published: September 2022

The selection of suitable mass transfer models that fit the adsorption of a mixture of antibiotics in aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from Delonix Regia Pods (DRPs) was examined in this study. The ripe DRPs were cleaned, activated with KOH and then carbonised at 350 °C. The surface chemistry of the raw and the modified DRPs were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), before being subjected to batch adsorption of a mixture of Amoxicillin (AMO), Tetracycline (TETRA) and Ampicillin (AMP) under the effect of time (0-240 mins), and concentration (20-100 mg/l). The adsorption diffusion mechanisms of the process were analyzed. The spectra of the raw and modified DRP indicate the existence of hydroxyl groups alkanes, unconjugated ketone, carbonyl, and ester groups. McKay has the highest (0.9445) for the mass transfer diffusion model. This indicates that the adsorption rate of the selected antibiotics in the wastewater is regulated and monitored by the internal mass transport processes in accordance with a pore diffusion mechanism.
Annotations and suggestions on elephant proof trenches to reduce human elephant conflicts in Coimbatore forest division South India
Authors: Salahudeen  , A Asaikutti , C Gunasekaran , P Rajasekar , T Siva 
Published: September 2022

The structural backbone of India is agriculture. Agriculture encounters more conflicts and one among them is the human-elephant conflict. Traditional agricultural system is declining due to modernisation and urbanization and all the forest covers are being converted into human areas. Reduce forest cover and irregular rainfall and drastic climatic changes are much influencing the animals especially the elephants to enter into the human areas for food and water leading to human-elephant conflict. Though the State government and Forest department are necessary steps to trim down the elephant invading issues in Coimbatore forest division, the problem is still persisting. One best solution to calm down the upshot is the Elephant proof trench method. The present study found 510 damaged trenches by Foot survey method, analysed the effectiveness of Elephant Proof Trench (EPT) by Questionnaire method from the village people in the vicinity of forest fringes and collected all previous available conflict data from the forest department.
Major human-elephant conflict incidences happened during March and October, high during the rainy seasons. Possibly elephants prefer to raid crops during these seasons for accessing sodium and minerals found in the crops. The present study reveals that Elephant Proof Trench reduced 73% of the elephant visits and 58% of crop damages. We also found EPT minimised the economic loss (58%), human deaths (75%) and elephant death incidences (82%) in the Coimbatore forest division. The minimum loss noted was also only because of the poorly maintained trenches. Hence, it is clear that, effectiveness of the Elephant Proof Trench will be most reliable, if trenches are maintained in a well regular manner. These results will help in the better conservation planning and management of forest ecosystem in future which will not have the human elephant conflicts again.
Key words: Elephant proof trench, Human elephant conflict, Forest ecosystem, Agriculture
MUDANIA ARMISTICE and ITALIAN PUBLIC OPINION
Authors: MENGEŞ Yeter 
Published: September 2022

Türk ordusunun İzmir ve Bursa kurtarıldıktan sonra Doğu Trakya’yı Yunan ordusundan temizlemek için İstanbul ve Çanakkale’ye yönelmesiyle Çanak Krizi adı verilen olaylar zinciri meydana gelmiştir. Türkiye ile İngiltere’yi yeni bir savaşın eşiğine getiren bu durumda, tarafların başta Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve General Charles Harington olmak üzere izledikleri akılcı tutum sayesinde çatışma engellenmiş ve Mudanya’da ateşkes görüşmeleri başlatılmıştır.
Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında İtalya’da Yugoslavya ile sınır sorunları yaşanmakta, iç istikrarsızlıklar neticesinde Faşistlerin iktidara doğru ayak sesleri duyulmaktadır. Bu iç ve dış siyasal meşguliyetlere rağmen İtalyan basınında Anadolu’daki savaşın sonlandırılması ve bundan sonra neler yapılacağı konusu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu dönemde Mudanya Ateşkes Konferansı süreci İtalyan basını tarafından yakından takip edilmekte, buna ilişkin haberler dönemin birbirinden farklı siyasal görüşlere sahip belli başlı İtalyan gazetelerinde sıklıkla yer almaktadır.
Bu çalışmada Mudanya Ateşkes Antlaşması öncesi ve sonrasına ilişkin olarak meydana gelen askerî ve siyasal gelişmelerin İtalyan kamuoyundaki yansımaları, İtalyan basınında yer alan haber ve yorumlardan istifade edilerek açıklanmıştır.
Eskişehir Organization of CHP According to the Inspection Reports of Party Inspectors (1940-1943)
Authors: ŞAVKILI Cengiz , MAVİŞ Meral 
Published: September 2022

Founded on September 9, 1923, the Republican People’s Party established the institution of party inspectorship in order to gain control over the party organization and strengthen the centralist structure of the party. The importance of the party inspectorship system, whose roots go back to the Ittihad ve Terakki Party (Union and Progress Party), increased over time and its sphere of influence expanded. The control of the party inspectors was not limited to the party organization, but also included the community centers established as cultural institutions in 1932. With a directive issued in 1939, intra-party control in the provinces where there was no party organization was carried out by the inspectors sent from the General Secretariat. Party inspectors, whose duties and powers were regulated according to the CHP Inspection Directive, inspected the regions and submitted their reports to the CHP General Secretariat. With the amendment made on 1 September 1940, the number of party inspectors was increased to twenty-five. Inspectors discussed the social, economic, cultural and educational status of the city in the reports they prepared, as well as the party organizations.
Adnan Menderes, Sadettin Uraz and Celal Arat, who were appointed as Eskişehir party inspector by the CHP, inspected Eskişehir and its districts between 1940 and 1943 and presented detailed reports on the region to the party headquarters. With these reports, the basic needs of the region, the organization and activities of the party in the region, the attitudes of the people of the region towards the government and the party were determined. In addition, these reports, which provide important data about the center-provincial relations of the party, are very important in terms of showing the reflections of the policies followed in the single-party period in the provinces.
Conceptual Understanding of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ambika K  , Mini V G  , Vishnu Priya L R  
Published: September 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver pathology with different clinical prognoses; from the simple accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes (simple steatosis) to more progressive steatosis with associated hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver injury across the world. It is also strongly related to other pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Ayurveda also vividly describes Liver Diseases in the context of Kamala (jaundice) and Yakrit Roga (liver diseases) in different classical texts. It can be interpreted as a Santharpanotha Vyadhi (disease which caused by taking excessive nourishing diet) with vitiation of Kapha and Medas, getting Sthanasamsraya in Yakrit (liver) which is Rakthavaha-srothomoola and Pithasthana (location of body humour Pitha).
This review will give a better knowledge of etiopathogenesis, as well as a therapeutic method for managing patients by breaking the pathogenesis chain. In this section, we explore the etiology and consequences of NAFLD, along with the therapeutic treatment to this prevalent condition.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DE RENDA NAS ÁREAS RURAIS DO BRASIL DE 2004 A 2015 Income concentration in brazilian rural areas: 2004 - 2015
Authors: De Almeida Gabriel Flavio Braga , Ferreira da Luz João Felipe , Lira Vaz da Costa Carlos Augusto , Ribeiro Márcio Luiz 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal avaliar o comportamento da distribuição da renda domiciliar per capita (RDPC) das áreas rurais brasileiras, identificadas pelo IBGE como setores censitários rurais, no período de 2004 a 2015. Como objetivos complementares, buscou-se: determinar as causas imediatas de eventuais diferenças da distribuição da RDPC das áreas rurais com base no grau de progressividade das parcelas da RDPC; analisar o efeito-composição e o efeito-concentração da variação do índice de Gini das parcelas da RDPC. Para atingir esses objetivos utilizou-se, como metodologia, o cálculo do índice de Gini e sua decomposição considerando parcelas da RDPC. Como base de dados, foram utilizados os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) para o período analisado. Como resultados, o índice de Gini da RDPC das áreas rurais apresentou comportamento parecido ao das áreas urbanas, porém com índice de desigualdade menor para todo período. As parcelas da RDPC formadas pelas aposentadorias e pensões oficiais de até 1 salário mínimo e as transferências governamentais, tiveram o maior grau de progressividade positivo, sendo responsáveis, em conjunto, por 78,9% da mudança do índice de Gini de 2004 a 2015.
Long-term effect of telling the lung age on smoking quit rate in undergraduate smokers: a one-year follow-up randomized controlled study
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal Ashraf , Mousa Gihan Samir Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTo evaluate the effect of telling undergraduate smokers their lung ages on the rate of smoking cessation.MethodsThis randomized controlled study involved 142 eligible volunteer current undergraduate smokers. They were randomly allocated to the study group (group 1; <i>n</i> = 72) and the control group (group 2; <i>n</i> = 70). Participants in group 1 were told their lung age, received a 5-minute motivational interview, and were given raw figures of their pulmonary function, while participants in group 2 received the same intervention except the lung age. Initially (evaluation 1), the subjects’ lung ages were estimated through spirometric assessment of forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The number of smoked cigarettes per day was reported and the smoking status was ensured through the assessment of exhaled carbon monoxide at evaluation 1, after 6 months (evaluation 2), and after 12 months (evaluation 3).ResultsAt evaluation 2, the overall follow-up rate was 95.07%. There was a significant difference in the smoking quit rate between group 1 (23.61%) and group 2 (10%) (<i>p</i> = 0.03). At evaluation 3, no change existed in the follow-up rate. The smoking quit rate was 19.4% and 4.3% for groups 1 and 2, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.01).ConclusionsTelling undergraduate smokers their lung ages can significantly improve the smoking quit rate in a short- and long-term perspective. The long-term partial relapse status arouses the question about other contributing factors out of the scope of this study.
Does training to sustain the paretic upper limb on an unstable surface provoke contraction of muscles around the shoulder in patients with hemiplegia? A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramachandran Sivakumar , Gopi Monica , Milanese Steve 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionActivities with unstable supports provoke greater muscle contractions than those with stable surfaces. Using unstable surfaces to provoke upper limb muscle contraction after hemiplegia has not been explored. Hence, this study tested the effect of efforts to maintain the hemiparetic hand on an unstable surface on proximal muscle contractions of upper limb in patients with acute stroke.MethodsFirst-time stroke patients in the acute phase were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The control group (<i>n</i> = 18) received conventional physiotherapy, whilst the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 19) was given activities to maintain their hemiparetic side hand on an unstable surface in 5 different positions, in addition to conventional physiotherapy. Surface electromyogram was recorded from deltoid and upper trapezius on the hemiparetic side before and after 10 sessions of training.ResultsOverall, 14 patients (aged 57.71 ± 10.70 years) in the control group and 14 (55.78 ± 7.52 years) in the experimental group completed the training. Non-parametric tests for between-group analysis showed that the average electromyography output in the deltoid and trapezius muscles was higher in the experimental group compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsTraining involving efforts to maintain the hemiparetic side hand on an unstable surface can be used to provoke activity in upper limb proximal muscles. This could be a simple training with minimal equipment and minimal manual assistance required, added to routine physiotherapy to facilitate proximal muscle contraction in patients with stroke during the acute phase.
Measurement of paraoxonase-1, visfatin levels in Iraqi diabetic and diabetic with hypothyroidism
Authors: Hasan Sulaiman M. , Alaa K. Mohammed  , Abdulelah M. Taha  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: This study is to evaluate the levels of paraoxonase-1 and visfatin in diabetic and diabetic with hypothyroidism patients and to discover the relationship of paraoxonase-1 and visfatin levels in these patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 35 subjects in control group (G1), 35 with diabetes (G2), and 35 diabetes with hypothyroidism (G3), aged ranging 25-50 years for all the study groups and BMI with (20.5-25.4) Kg/m2. Serum and whole blood were used for estimating F.B.S., HbA1c%, lipid profile, T4, TSH, paraoxonase-1 and visfatin. Results: The results revealed a significant elevation in F.B.S., HbA1c%, TC, TG, VLDL and LDL in G2 and G3 compared to G1. The HDL levels showed a significant decrease in G2, G3 compared to G1. Also, showed significant reduction in T4 in G3 compared to G2 and G1. A significant elevation in TSH in G3 compared to G2 and G1 and a significant decrease in paraoxonase-1 but increase in visfatin for G3 more than G2 when compared to G1 were observed. Conclusion: The study concluded that paraoxonase -1 and visfatin are suggestive reliable markers for the diagnosis of thyroid disorder in diabetics with hypothyroidism depending on their relation with T4 and TSH.
UNG THƯ PHỔI BIỂU MÔ TUYẾN THỂ LEPIDIC LAN TOẢ - TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU VÀ BÁO CÁO CA BỆNH
Authors: Văn Công Cung 
Published: September 2022

Phân loại mô bệnh học cập nhật 2021 của WHO, ung thư phổi biểu mô tuyến (UTBMT) được chia thành các thể: UTBMT xâm lấn tối thiểu (Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma-MIA); UTBMT không tiết nhầy xâm lấn (Invasive Non–Mucinous Adenocarcinoma-INMA); UTBMT- nhầy xâm lấn (Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma -IMA); UTBMT dạng keo (Coiloide Adenocarcinoma-CA); UTBMT-thai (Fetal Adenocarcinoma–FA) và UTBMT-ruột (Enteric Adenocarcinoma – EA). UTBMT xâm lấn tối thiểu (MIA) thường có các thành phần đặc trưng chủ yếu chiếm ưu thế, trong đó có thể Lepidic (Lepidic Predominant Adenocarcinoma – LPA) và tuyến nang (Acinar Predominant Adenocarcinoma – APA) với những mức độ ác tính ở bậc thấp khác nhau. MIA thể Lepidic thường thể hiện trên phim CT ngực bằng nốt kính mờ (Ground Glassis Opacity - GGO) hoặc những nốt bán đặc (Part Solid – PS) diện khu trú hẹp. Thể này nếu phát hiện được và điều trị đặc hiệu tiên lượng thường tốt, tỷ lệ khỏi hẳn và sống thêm 5 năm rất cao. Chúng tôi báo cáo 1 trường hợp MIA Lepidic khá đặc biệt, khác với thông thường với tổn thương lan toả diện rộng hai phổi, được chẩn đoán bằng xét nghiệm tìm thấy tế bào ung thư trong đờm và sinh thiết niêm mạc phế quản xác định Lepidic.
TÌM HIỂU MỘT VÀI YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN VỚI SARCOPENIA ĐƯỢC CHẨN ĐOÁN BẰNG CÔNG THỨC CỦA ISHII VÀ CS Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2
Authors: Minh Phúc Vũ , Thị Phi Nga Nguyễn , Thúy Hường Phạm 
Published: September 2022

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu một vài yếu tố liên quan với sarcopenia được chẩn đoán bằng công thức Ishii và cs ở người bệnh đái tháo đường típ 2. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang trên 479 người bệnh đái tháo đường típ 2 đến khám tại Bệnh viện Nội tiết Trung ương và Bệnh viện Quân Y 103 từ tháng 01/2022 đến tháng 5/2022. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ sarcopenia tăng 1,951 lần ở nhóm đái tháo đường > 10 năm với CI 95%, OR: 1,259-3,024, p = 0,003; tăng 1,728 trong nhóm có tăng huyết áp kèm theo với CI 95%, OR: 1,106-2,698, p = 0,016; tăng 7,872 lần ở mức lọc cầu thận (Estimated glomerular filtration rate - eGFR) < 60ml/phút/1,73m2 với CI 95%, OR: 4,598-13,478, p < 0,001; giảm 0,481 khi sử dụng metformin với CI 95%, OR: 0,311-0,745, p = 0,001. Một số yếu tố tương quan nghịch với điểm công thức của Ishii và cs là mức lọc cầu thận, chỉ số nhân trắc, trình độ học vấn; tương quan thuận là test đứng dậy và đi, thời gian mắc đái tháo đường. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sarcopenia tăng theo thời gian mắc đái tháo đường, mức HbA1c, kèm tăng huyết áp, giảm theo mức lọc cầu thận; sử dụng metformin điều trị; điểm của công thức của Ishii và cs tương quan với một số yếu tố khác.