bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SIDDHARTA-2 calibration method for high precision kaonic atoms x-ray spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Sgaramella F , Miliucci M , Bazzi M , Bosnar D , Bragadireanu M , Carminati M , Cargnelli M , Clozza A , Deda G , De Paolis L , Del Grande R , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Iwasaki M , King P , Levi Sandri P , Marton J , Moskal P , Napolitano F , Niedźwiecki S , Piscicchia K , Scordo A , Shi H , Silarski M , Sirghi D , Sirghi F , Skurzok M , Spallone A , Tüchler M , Zmeskal J , Curceanu C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment at the DAΦNE collider aims to perform the first kaonic deuterium x-ray transitions to the fundamental level measurement, with a systematic error at the level of a few eV. To achieve this challenging goal the experimental apparatus is equipped with 384 Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) distributed around its cryogenic gaseous target. The SDDs developed by the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration are suitable for high precision kaonic atoms spectroscopy, thanks to their high energy and time resolutions combined with their radiation hardness. The energy response of each detector must be calibrated and monitored to keep the systematic error, due to processes such as gain fluctuations, at the level of 2–3 eV. This paper presents the SIDDHARTA-2 calibration method which was optimized during the preliminary phase of the experiment in the real background conditions of the DAΦNE collider, which is a fundamental tool to guarantee the high precision spectroscopic performances of the system over long periods of data taking, as that required for the kaonic deuterium measurement.
Morphogen gradient formation in partially absorbing media
Authors: Bressloff Paul C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Morphogen gradients play an essential role in the spatial regulation of cell patterning during early development. The classical mechanism of morphogen gradient formation involves the diffusion of morphogens away from a localized source combined with some form of bulk absorption. Morphogen gradient formation plays a crucial role during early development, whereby a spatially varying concentration of morphogen protein drives a corresponding spatial variation in gene expression during embryogenesis. In most models, the absorption rate is taken to be a constant multiple of the local concentration. In this paper, we explore a more general class of diffusion-based model in which absorption is formulated probabilistically in terms of a stopping time condition. Absorption of each particle occurs when its time spent within the bulk domain (occupation time) exceeds a randomly distributed threshold a; the classical model with a constant rate of absorption is recovered by taking the threshold distribution

Ψ

(

a

)

=

e

−

κ

0

a

. We explore how the choice of Ψ(a) affects the steady-state concentration gradient, and the relaxation to steady-state as determined by the accumulation time. In particular, we show that the more general model can generate similar concentration profiles to the classical case, while significantly reducing the accumulation time.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite/whitlockite inorganic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Pang Yanyun , Li Dan , Zhou Jing , Liu Xue , Li Min , Zhang Yanling , Zhang Daixing , Zhang Xu , Cai Qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Native bone tissue can be formed by developing collagen fibrils coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH) nanoparticles after mineralization. WH has attracted much attention as the second most abundant bone mineral in human bones. It has a negatively charged surface, which can adsorb osteogenesis-related proteins such as bone sialoprotein in vivo, thus having a stronger possibility to induce osteogenesis. However, due to its poor thermodynamic stability and intermediate phases, the preparation of WH is relatively tricky, so WH inorganic scaffolds are still rarely studied. Therefore, this study explored the preparation of WH inorganic scaffolds using the hydrothermal method and prepared pure inorganic WH scaffolds. The prepared scaffolds exhibited apparent WH crystal phases in the x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) characterization. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the WH scaffolds had an apparent hexagonal crystal form, which had a pronounced effect on promoting cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro experiments compared to the HA and HA/WH scaffolds. Furthermore, the scaffolds were used to verify the osteogenic properties of subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis or repair of the calvarial defect in vivo and proved that the WH inorganic scaffolds have an excellent synergistic osteogenic ability.
Racial-ethnic exposure disparities to airborne ultrafine particles in the United States
Authors: Saha Provat K , Presto Albert A , Hankey Steve , Marshall Julian D , Robinson Allen L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ultrafine particles (‘UFP’; <100 nm in diameter) are a subset of fine particulate matter (PM2.5); they have different sources and spatial patterns. Toxicological studies suggest UFP may be more toxic per mass than PM2.5. Racial-ethnic exposure disparities for PM2.5 are well documented; national exposure disparities for UFP remain unexplored due to a lack of national exposure estimates. Here, we combine high-spatial-resolution (census block level) national-scale estimates of long-term, ambient particle number concentrations (PNC; a measure of UFP) with publicly available demographic data (census block-group level) to investigate exposure disparities by race-ethnicity and income across the continental United States. PNC exposure for racial-ethnic minorities (Asian, Black, Hispanic) is 35% higher than the overall national mean. The magnitudes of exposure disparities vary spatially. Disparities are generally larger in densely populated metropolitan areas. The magnitudes of disparities are much larger for PNC than for PM2.5; PM2.5 exposure for racial-ethnic minorities is 9% higher than the overall national mean. Our analysis shows that PNC exposure disparities cannot be explained by differences in income. Whites of all incomes, including low-income Whites, have substantially lower average PNC exposures than people of color of all incomes. A higher proportion of traffic and other PNC sources are located near many minority communities. This means that the exposure disparities are structural and strongly tied to where certain subsets of the population live and that simply reducing PNC emissions nationwide will not reduce these disparities.
Diophantine approximation on conics
Authors: O’Dorney Evan 
Published: September 2022

Given a conic

C

\mathcal {C}

over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

, it is natural to ask what real points on

C

\mathcal {C}

are most difficult to approximate by rational points of low height. For the analogous problem on the real line (for which the least approximable number is the golden ratio, by Hurwitz’s theorem), the approximabilities comprise the classically studied Lagrange and Markoff spectra, but work by Cha–Kim [Intrinsic Diophantine approximation on the unit circle and its Lagrange spectrum, arXiv: 1903.02882, 2021] and Cha–Chapman–Gelb–Weiss [Monatsh. Math. 197 (2022), pp. 1–55] shows that the spectra of conics can vary. We provide notions of approximability, Lagrange spectrum, and Markoff spectrum valid for a general

C

\mathcal {C}

and prove that their behavior is exhausted by the special family of conics

C

n

:
X
Z
=
n

Y
2

\mathcal {C}_n : XZ = nY^2

, which has symmetry by the modular group

Γ
0

(
n
)

\Gamma _0(n)

and whose Markoff spectrum was studied in a different guise by A. Schmidt and Vulakh [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 352 (2000), pp. 4067–4094]. The proof proceeds by using the Gross-Lucianovic bijection to relate a conic to a quaternionic subring of

Mat

2
×
2

⁡
(

Z

)

\operatorname {Mat}^{2\times 2}(\mathbb {Z})

and classifying invariant lattices in its

2
2

-dimensional representation.
Microbe-bridged disease-metabolite associations identification by heterogeneous graph fusion
Authors: Feng Jitong , Wu Shengbo , Yang Hongpeng , Ai Chengwei , Qiao Jianjun , Xu Junhai , Guo Fei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Metabolomics has developed rapidly in recent years, and metabolism-related databases are also gradually constructed. Nowadays, more and more studies are being carried out on diverse microbes, metabolites and diseases. However, the logics of various associations among microbes, metabolites and diseases are limited understanding in the biomedicine of gut microbial system. The collection and analysis of relevant microbial bioinformation play an important role in the revelation of microbe–metabolite–disease associations. Therefore, the dataset that integrates multiple relationships and the method based on complex heterogeneous graphs need to be developed.

Results
In this study, we integrated some databases and extracted a variety of associations data among microbes, metabolites and diseases. After obtaining the three interconnected bilateral association data (microbe–metabolite, metabolite–disease and disease–microbe), we considered building a heterogeneous graph to describe the association data. In our model, microbes were used as a bridge between diseases and metabolites. In order to fuse the information of disease–microbe–metabolite graph, we used the bipartite graph attention network on the disease–microbe and metabolite–microbe bipartite graph. The experimental results show that our model has good performance in the prediction of various disease–metabolite associations. Through the case study of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and liver cirrhosis, it is noted that our proposed methodology are valuable for the mining of other associations and the prediction of biomarkers for different human diseases.
Availability and implementation: https://github.com/Selenefreeze/DiMiMe.git
Integrative analysis of enrichment and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes and pathways in multiple myeloma
Authors: Su Qi , Li Qi , Zhang Weimin , Li Bingzong , Zhuang Wenzhuo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by excessive iron exposure. The role played by the ferroptosis-related genes and pathways in multiple myeloma (MM) is poorly understood. Here, we show that the ferroptosis-related pathways might be involved in tumorigenesis and are closely correlated with the prognosis of MM. The ferroptosis suppressor genes are progressively enriched with the progression of plasma cell dyscrasias. Furthermore, high expression of ferroptosis suppressor genes is correlated with high International Staging System and Revised-ISS staging of MM, as well as the poor outcomes of poor outcomes in progression-free survival and overall survival . The ferroptosis driver genes and the ferroptosis suppressor genes have the opposite effects on the progression and prognosis of MM. Moreover, we reveal that ferroptosis-related genes are associated with cytogenetic abnormalities in MM. The ferroptosis-related pathways and genes might impact the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in MM patients. A better understanding of the participation of ferroptosis in MM will pave the way for design of new therapies.
Retrosplenial cortex microglia and perineuronal net densities are associated with memory impairment in aged rhesus macaques
Authors: Gray Daniel T , Khattab Salma , Meltzer Jeri , McDermott Kelsey , Schwyhart Rachel , Sinakevitch Irina , Härtig Wolfgang , Barnes Carol A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSynapse loss and altered plasticity are significant contributors to memory loss in aged individuals. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in maintaining synapse function, including through a recently identified role in regulating the brain extracellular matrix. This study sought to determine the relationship between age, microglia, and extracellular matrix structure densities in the macaque retrosplenial cortex. Twenty-nine macaques ranging in age from young adult to aged were behaviorally characterized on 3 distinct memory tasks. Microglia, parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and extracellular matrix structures, known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), were immuno- and histochemically labeled. Our results indicate that microglia densities increase in the retrosplenial cortex of aged monkeys, while the proportion of PV neurons surrounded by PNNs decreases. Aged monkeys with more microglia had fewer PNN-associated PV neurons and displayed slower learning and poorer performance on an object recognition task. Stepwise regression models using age and the total density of aggrecan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of PNNs, better predicted memory performance than did age alone. Together, these findings indicate that elevated microglial activity in aged brains negatively impacts cognition in part through mechanisms that alter PNN assembly in memory-associated brain regions.
Understanding and experience of climate change in rural general practice in Aotearoa—New Zealand
Authors: Glavinovic Krystyna , Eggleton Kyle , Davis Rhoena , Gosman Kim , Macmillan Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Climate change is already affecting Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa-NZ). The public health effects are varied and complex, and rural primary care staff will be at the front line of effects and responses. However, little is known about their understanding and experience.

Objectives
To determine understanding, experiences and preparedness of rural general practice staff in Aotearoa-NZ about climate change and health equity.

Methods
A mixed-methods national cross-sectional survey of rural general practice staff was undertaken that included Likert-style and free-text responses. Quantitative data were analysed with simple descriptive analysis and qualitative data were thematically analysed using a deductive framework based on Te Whare Tapa Whā.

Results
A proportion of survey respondents remained unsure about climate science and health links, although many others already reported a range of negative climate change health impacts on their communities, and expected these to worsen. Twenty to thirty percent of respondents lacked confidence in their health service’s capability to provide support following extreme weather. Themes included acknowledgement that the health effects of climate change are highly varied and complex, that the health risks for rural communities combine climate change and wider environmental degradation and that climate change will exacerbate existing health inequities.

Conclusions
The study adds to sparse information on climate change effects on health in rural primary care. We suggest that tailored professional education on climate change science and rural health equity is still needed, while urgent resourcing and training for interagency disaster response within rural and remote communities is needed.
Improving rural White men’s attitudes toward clinical trial messaging and participation: effects of framing, exemplars and trust
Authors: Hu Sisi , Kirkpatrick Ciera E , Hong Yoorim , Lee Namyeon , Lee Sungkyoung , Hinnant Amanda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether framing, exemplar presence and exemplar race in social media news posts influence rural White men’s perceptions, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward clinical trial participation, and if so, how individual trust in doctors moderates the effects of these three factors. An experiment with a 2 within (framing: cognitive versus psychological barriers) × 2 within (exemplar: present versus absent) × 2 between (exemplar race: White versus Black) subjects mixed factorial design was conducted among rural White men (N = 208). Twelve social media news posts about clinical trial participation were created for the experiment. Results revealed that respondents had greater behavioral intentions to participate in clinical trials after seeing posts with exemplars present (versus absent). When news posts addressed cognitive barriers (e.g. lacking knowledge about the value of clinical trials), the presence of exemplars enhanced perceived self-efficacy to participate in clinical trials. Participants with lower trust in doctors reported more favorable attitudes to posts with exemplars, and the posts with Black exemplars were perceived as more effective (approaching statistical significance). When communicating about clinical trials to rural White men, health professionals should consider including exemplars and addressing cognitive barriers to participation.
Remain or Resign? Jewish Leaders’ Dilemmas in the Netherlands and Belgium under Nazi Occupation
Authors: Vastenhout Laurien 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Why did the chairman of the “Jewish Council” in Belgium decide to resign from his position in late 1942 while his counterparts in the Netherlands, operating in a seemingly similar context, decided to remain in place until the council was dissolved? The choices and motivations of Jewish leaders during Nazi rule have been a persistent subject of discussion in Holocaust historiography for decades. To this day, research has overwhelmingly been conducted in national contexts, which has obscured a thorough understanding of the distinctive circumstances in which Jewish leaders operated. By exploring the different socio-historical premises on which the Jewish organizations in the Netherlands and Belgium were built, this article argues that the level of (dis)continuation with prewar communal structures played a significant role in the posture and choices of Jewish functionaries under Nazi occupation in these two countries.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Helicobacter pylori: Protective or Present?
Authors: Tanner Samuel , Katz Jeffry , Cominelli Fabio , Regueiro Miguel , Cooper Gregory , Mansoor Emad 
Published: September 2022

Lay Summary
This article describes the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with gastritis, duodenitis, and peptic ulcer disease, stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection. Inflammatory boweld is less prevalent in patients with H. pylori, and no increased risk of IBD is seen after H. pylori eradication therapy.
Contrasting impacts of the landing obligation at fleet scale: impact assessment of mitigation scenarios in the Eastern English Channel
Authors: Lehuta S , Vermard Y 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow the implementation of the European Commission's landing obligation (LO) would affect French vessels of the mixed demersal fishery in the Eastern English Channel was hardly foreseen because of the diversity of vessel characteristics and strategies in the area. Assessing whether the vessels would be able to mitigate the bio-economic impacts of LO and avoid choke situations through exemptions, by changing their fishing patterns or by avoiding areas, required fine scale spatio-temporal modelling of fish and fleet dynamics and of resulting technical interactions. We conducted a bio-economic impact assessment for seven scenarios of mitigation focussing on the differences across fleets and the impact of fleet spatial behavioural flexibility. We found that netters rapidly benefited from the LO as opposed to trawlers and that exemptions helped mitigate the economic loss with limited biomass loss. The avoidance strategies proved to be efficient in reducing unwanted catch of whiting and enabled unexpected protection of juvenile sole. Sensitivity analysis on the drivers of fishing behaviour indicated that the ability and efficiency of adapting fishing patterns depended on main gear and vessel size. Results evidenced the difficult trade-offs LO implies among stocks, fish stages, fleets, and even sub-regions, beyond the usual biological vs. economic contrasts.
A no-take zone and partially protected areas are not enough to save the Kattegat cod, but enhance biomass and abundance of the local fish assemblage
Authors: Sköld Mattias , Börjesson Patrik , Wennhage Håkan , Hjelm Joakim , Lövgren Johan , Ringdahl Katja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To supplement catch and effort regulations with the purpose to rebuild the cod (Gadus morhua) stock in Kattegat, Sweden and Denmark established a large (426 km2) year-round no-take zone (NTZ) surrounded by partially protected areas (PPAs) in 2009. The purpose of these spatial regulations was to prohibit cod fishing on the spawning grounds and to displace fisheries bycatch of cod from areas where mature cod aggregate in the Kattegat. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the established NTZ and PPAs on the local fish assemblage, including cod. Based on a spatially high-resolution bottom trawl survey in the Kattegat (covering 2008–2021), multivariate analyses revealed significant shifts in the fish assemblage. A closer analysis indicated that six to seven fish species, including cod increased in the NTZ relative to control areas depending on if abundance or biomass was used as dependent variable. Univariate analysis showed that two flatfish species dab (Limanda limanda) and lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) significantly increased in biomass in the NTZ, and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in the PPA relative to the control areas. These results suggest that the NTZ protected even relatively mobile species in an open sea system, such as the Kattegat. However, neither cod abundance nor biomass showed a significant increase as an effect of the NTZ and PPA despite two relatively strong year classes in 2012 and 2013, which possibly would have helped the recovery of the cod stock. As assessed by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 2022, Kattegat cod continuously suffer from being severely overfished with low recruitment, and high discard rates in the mixed N. norvegicus fishery, is considered the major driver behind the reinforced depletion of the stock.
The importance of complexities of scale and context in fisheries research and management
Authors: Ommer Rosemary E , Perry R Ian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProblems with spatial (geographical) and temporal scales in fisheries research and management have become better known over the past few years. However, technological and some institutional scales, along with essential contextual dimensions (policy, intellectual, and academic) are also important. We discuss fisheries management in general with respect to these matters and their interactions. We also provide recommendations for addressing these issues, both in general and with particular reference to local fisheries. These are: (1) recognize the importance of fishers’ knowledge across all scales; (2) recognize fishers’ motivations, especially at the local/community scale; (3) thus expand the nature of the information used for management; (4) match the spatial management scales to those of the fish and the fishers; (5) recognize the limitations of large institutions to manage fisheries at local scales; (6) recognize the limits of time-series data; and (7) develop better indicators for fishing effort.
From guidebook to guest book
Authors: Darnton Kate 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Netherlands was rightly considered ‘the land of collections’. By the end of the century, a new museum culture had emerged, altering for ever both the role and the relevance of private art collections. This essay collects data from two sources – contemporary travel guides and the guest books of the Six collection in Amsterdam – to understand how public access to private collections worked; to determine the social composition of the private art collection visiting public; and to illustrate how that public changed over the course of the nineteenth century.