bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous MCo2O4 (M = Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) as high efficient bi-functional catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kang Shengkai , Li Sirong , Xiao Xuechun , Zhang Zhanyu , Shi Yang , Zhao Mengyao , Wang Yude 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-efficiency bi-functional electrocatalysts with long-term stability are critical to the development of many kinds of fuel cells, because that the performance of battery is limited by the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, porous MCo2O4 (M = Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) were prepared by hydrothermal method with NH4F and urea as surfactants. FeCo2O4with porous structure has more oxygen defects and the larger specific surface area than other MCo2O4 (M = Zn, Cu, Mn), and it not onlysupplies more active sites but also avails the transmission of electrolyte and O2 in the process of ORR and OER in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution. Porous FeCo2O4 electrode material produces less intermediate H2O2, and its ORR is mainly controlled by a 4e− reaction path. Compared with commercial Pt/C, the prepared FeCo2O4 has comparable ORR activity and excellent OER activity. At the same time, the stability of FeCo2O4 to ORR is significantly higher than that of commercial Pt/C. The porous FeCo2O4 was prepared by facile synthesis procedure could be a potential promising bi-functional catalyst due to its high electrocatalytic activities and long-term stability for both the ORR and OER.
Influence of process parameters on energetic properties of sputter-deposited Al/CuO reactive multilayers
Authors: Singh Vidushi , Julien Baptiste , Salvagnac Ludovic , Pelloquin Sylvain , Hungria Teresa , Josse Claudie , Belhaj Mohamed , Rossi Carole 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the effect of change of the sputtering power and the deposition pressure on the ignition and the combustion properties of Al/CuO reactive thin films. A reduced sputtering power of Al along with the deposition carried out at a higher-pressure result in a high-quality thin film showing a 200% improvement in the burn rate and a 50% drop in the ignition energy. This highlights the direct implication of the change of the process parameters on the responsivity and the reactivity of the reactive film while maintaining the Al and CuO thin-film integrity both crystallographically and chemically. Atomically resolved structural and chemical analyzes enabled us to qualitatively determine how the microstructural differences at the interface (thickness, stress level, delamination at high temperatures and intermixing) facilitate the Al and O migrations and impact the overall nano-thermite reactivity. We found that the deposition of CuO under low pressure produces well-defined and similar Al-CuO and CuO-Al interfaces with the least expected intermixing. Our investigations also showed that the magnitude of residual stress induced during the deposition plays a decisive role in influencing the overall nano-thermite reactivity. Higher is the magnitude of the tensile residual stress induced, stronger is the presence of gaseous oxygen at the interface. By contrast, high compressive interfacial stress aids in preserving the Al atoms for the main reaction while not getting expended in the interface thickening. Overall, this analysis helped in understanding the effect of change of deposition conditions on the reactivity of Al/CuO nanolaminates and several handles that may be pulled to optimize the process better by means of physical engineering of the interfaces.
ASCOT5 simulations of neutral beam heating and current drive in the TJ-II stellarator
Authors: Mulas S. , Cappa Á. , Kontula J. , López-Bruna D. , Calvo I. , Parra F.I. , Liniers M. , Kurki-Suonio T. , Mantsinen M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The TJ-II stellarator neutral-beam injection (NBI) system, vacuum vessel and magnetic configuration have been included in the orbit-following Monte Carlo code ASCOT5 to simulate neutral-beam heating and current drive for high-density NBI plasmas. Co- and counter-injection beams are simulated separately. A scan in both electron density and temperature is carried out within the range of values corresponding to realistic high-density NBI plasmas, for which a low level of fast-ion losses due to charge-exchange reactions is expected, since the version of ASCOT5 used in the paper does not include such processes. The rest of the kinetic profiles (ion temperature, radial electric field and effective charge) are kept fixed. The initial distribution of markers shows that the amount of available power in the plasma carried by the beam ions depends slightly on the electron temperature and on the injection direction (co/counter). The steady-state fast-ion distribution function is obtained and used to calculate the three-dimensional fast-ion density, the neutral-beam driven current and the amount of power deposited to the plasma in the two injection scenarios. These three quantities are higher in the counter-injected case due to a lower amount of promptly lost particles. The neutral-beam current drive (NBCD) has been calculated using the fast-ion beam current given by ASCOT5 and the electron return current, which is computed with the analytic solution of the drift kinetic equation for electrons in the presence of fast ions in the low-collisionality regime. Neither the calculated fast-ion density nor the NBCD are flux functions, in consistency with the fact that fast-ion drift surfaces and flux surfaces are generally not aligned.
Bread Waste and Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Authors: Soni Rachit , Bhardwaj Arvind , Singh Jarangal Lakhwinder Pal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bread has played an integral part in people’s life for a long period of time. It plays an important role in our daily eating lives. It has its period of usa-bility and from that point forward, the bread waste is produced. However, the causes of bread waste and mitigation strategy for reducing waste at various levels of the supply chain are still being studied. This study examines recent literature on the major cause of bread waste and its percentage in the bread supply chain. There are various waste mitigation measures that have been evaluated in order to tackle the loss rate at the supplier-retailer interaction. This research contributes to a better understanding of the most effective strategy for reducing supply chain losses. It may help managers, decision-makers, and practitioners to identify the sources of waste in their supply chain and make effective decisions to decrease waste percentage.
Synthesis of Graphene-based Polymer Nanocomposites and comparison of properties
Authors: Daya Gireesh T. K. , Anzila V. I , Litha T. T. , Nair Praseetha P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biodegradable polymers promise a more sustainable future. Among a wide range of biopolymers utilized, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) possess better biomechanical and functional characteristics and is used in various level of applications. However, to have better suitability for biomedical applications, it is necessary to enhance the overall performance of PLA such as biodegradability, porosity, and mechanical properties. Reinforcement of the matrix material with nanofiller is a commonly used method to achieve this. Graphene is the most versatile material with exotic mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Its combination with polymers can create wonders. Graphene-based polymer composites exhibit potential use in various fields that include energy storage, biomedical use, and environmental applications. In this work, nanocomposites of PLA with graphene derivatives like Graphene Oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) were fabricated by the solvent casting method. The composites' biological and mechanical properties were investigated and compared. Results demonstrate that the incorporation of GO and rGO enhanced the properties of PLA. The mechanical parameters of the composites with rGO were higher than those of the composites with GO in terms of tensile strength and Young's modulus. A reduction in elongation at break was observed for composites reinforced with rGO. PLA/rGO composites exhibit higher mechanical and biological properties than PLA/GO composites. The developed nanocomposite will be a promising competitor in the research arena with potential applications.
Molecular Interactions Studies of Phenol Based Terpolymer Using Ultrasonic Techniques
Authors: Surjushe Amit M. , Bhalerao Pravin N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity measurements for o-APUF (o-aminophenol, urea and formaldehyde) terpolymer in DMSO were collected throughout a concentration range of (0.5 to 3.0) mol.Kg-1. From viscosity, velocity, and density measurements, derived metrics such as adiabatic compressibility (s), free length (Lf), Relative Association (RA), and Acoustic Impedance (Z) were determined. The knowledge concerning solute-solvent interactions comes from the fluctuations of these properties with concentration.
Investigating the effects of chevron-textures on the performance of a porous journal bearing
Authors: Godase Ajay Laxman , Arif Mohammad , Sharma Nitin , Kango Saurabh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present article aimed for investigating the fluid-film pressures for chevron-textured porous journal bearing. The Reynolds equation for porous bearing has been adopted as governing equation, we took the Reynolds boundary conditions into account. The numerical computation has been performed with the help of finite difference methods. The numerical model is well validated with the previous work of researchers. The calculated results revealed that the incorporation of chevron-textures in the convergent zone significantly increase the film pressures as compared to smooth bearing case which ultimately lead to improve the tribological performance. Moreover, permeability play a detrimental role in enhancement of film pressure but incorporation of texture definitely compensate to these effects up to some extent.
Mechanical ANSYS Parametric Design Language Friction Stir Welding Simulation of AZ31B-H24 alloy
Authors: Sati Pooja , Shukla Dinesh Kumar , Tiwari S K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical simulation of temperature distribution in magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 plates due to Friction Stir Welding. For this aim, a model based on finite elements, using Lagrangian formulation is implemented in Ansys Parametric Design Language. Temperature-dependent material characteristics and a temperature-dependent coefficient of friction are implied by the model, using theoretical mathematical formulae. In addition to this, heat generation is also considered. This model is validated with the experiment and showed a good agreement. The maximum temperature results obtained are at the rotational speeds of 1500 and 1600 rpm with feed rates varying as 80,100,120 mm/min. The deviation between experimental maximum temperature and theoretical was observed as an average value of 4 per cent. The maximum temperatures are lesser than the melting point temperature of AZ31B alloy.
FEA of friction stir welding of AA1100 and parametric optimization using genetic algorithm
Authors: Gulve Dhiraj Vishwanath , Shukla Dinesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
3D uncoupled thermo-mechanical analysis of friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy AA1100 was carried out using FEM. The heat generated in the FSW process is applied via DFLUX subroutine of ABAQUS. Simulations with different process parameters such as welding speed and rotational speed were performed for the estimation of temperature generated during the FSW process. Thermal analysis’s output is applied as thermal loads during mechanical analysis. Subsequently, residual stress developed during the FSW process was found out. Residual stresses were measured along the selected path, which included node to node stress variations in longitudinal directions. Maximum temperature appears to occur at the center of the weld pool and decreases away from the weld line towards the base metal. The numerical and experimental results were successfully validated with error in the range of 0.5 - 6%. Then, a semi-analytical equation for temperature distribution considering moving point heat source is proposed to carry out single objective unconstrained optimization of process parameters (welding speed and rotational speed). Finally, optimization was carried out to estimate the maximum temperature generated during the FSW process using a genetic algorithm in MATLAB.
A study of the effect of hydrogen on the fatigue behaviour of metals
Authors: Lokhande Kartik , Vishwakarma Manish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen Embrittlement is a phenomenon in which the presence of hydrogen can lead to various detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of the material. These effects include reduction in ductility, delayed fracture under constant loading, increase in fatigue crack initiation and growth rates, and subcritical cracking even below the threshold fracture toughness of the material. Fatigue is one of the most common modes of material nature during the operation of components during their service life. Hence it is very important to study the effect of hydrogen on the fatigue behaviour of steel and find methods for their prevention. This paper deals with the study of hydrogen on various types of fatigue in materials, various factors that affect the susceptibility to HE in fatigue, the effect on the microscopic morphology of the fatigue crack generated and the methods suggested for the prevention of HE in fatigue.
Process improvement of hardening furnace (mapping) in tool industry – A case study
Authors: Saraswat Ashish , Gupta Dr. Ajay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify the temperature variation within a furnace and also find the variation of hardness in a tool after quenching. The paper takes a case study approach, demonstrating how theory has been used in practise and using one way ANOVA to estimate the optimum number of tool grinding required before inspection. The case study was carried out at a leading hand tool manufacturer in India. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is found to work very well in the tool manufacturing industry for improvement the process. The LSS strategy for manufacturing industries shows how merging statistical and analytical tools helps to improve process efficiency. Our primary constraint was the measurement instrument, which was a thermal laser gun that could only correctly measure one metre values. This study shows an application of one-way ANOVA and lean/six-sigma concepts to process improvement. The major goal of this study is to show how combining Lean concepts/techniques with one-way ANOVA and Six-Sigma methodology can help solve problems faster.
Experimental study of the effect of oxygen in argon as a shielding gas on corrosion behaviour of dissimilar weld joints of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels
Authors: Bakhla Markush , Yadav Ajaykumar Udayraj , Kumar Binod 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, Austenitic AISI 304L stainless steel was welded with Ferritic AISI430 stainless steel by MIG–welding using welding electrode ER347 and pure Ar and Ar+2%O2 as the shielding gases. The welded samples were polished and dipped into different concentration of HCL solutions of 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M and 0.5M concentrations. Weight change of the samples per week in different concentration of HCL solution was noted for 4 weeks and with the help of weight loss, corrosion rate was calculated. The percentage weight loss was observed to be more when welding was done using pure-Ar as a shielding gas compared to Ar+2%O2. Welded samples were also characterized by means of microscopic and electrochemical investigation.
Impact of ogival nosed Projectiles on Al 1100 H-12 thin Plates : Numerical Study
Authors: Kumari Nidhi , Kumar Manoj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the ability of thin metallic aluminium 1100-H12 targets to absorb energy in various deformation modes during perforation. The targets are impacted with hard steel cylindrical projectiles having a diameter of 19 mm with ogival nosed profile. At oblique angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, the target plate is impacted at different velocities varies from 124.00 m/s to 500.00 m/s. The simulations are conducted in ABAQUS/Explicit solver with the Johnson-Cook elasto-viscoplastic material model for each target plates. It is observed that the ballistic performance of target used in simulation study and experimental study is approximately equal. The main purpose of this research is to find out how the velocity drop for the target plate and projectile is influenced by the angle corresponding to impact at different incidence velocity. This study also determined the temperature generated at the target surface during impact.
Prediction of Machining Characteristics of Wire Electrical Discharge Machined Hastelloy-X using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Parmar Santosh , Narendranath S , Balaji V , Manoj IV , Jatakar Keshav H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to extensive mechanical load bearing capability under high temperature and pressure, Nickel based super alloys are widely incorporated in aerospace and aviation industries in various sections like chemical, fuselage, engine, combustor components, etc. Hastelloy-X is a Ni-based super alloy consisting mainly Ni, Cr, Fe, Mo and Co, which has good corrosion and heat resistance capacity. Since Hastelloy-X is a difficult-to-machine material, a non-conventional Wire Electric Discharge Machining is used. This work aims at machining characteristics study of WEDM of Hastelloy-X and prediction of major machining performances using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). At first, full factorial design of experiments was set using Minitab which includes four input machining parameters namely pulse-on time (T-on), pulse-off time (T-off), wire feed (WF) and servo voltage (SV); kept at three levels; high, medium and low. Total 81 experimental runs were performed. After machining on WEDM, machining performances MRR (material removal rate) and SR (surface roughness) were measured. There after the neural network is trained in nntool in MATLAB to predict the MRR and SR. The predicted model has mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 6.371% for MRR prediction and 5.92% for SR prediction while the MSE (Mean Square Error) was found to be 0.389 and 0.129 for MRR and SR respectively. The trained network has training, validation and testing regression coefficient (R) values of 0.9756, 0.9916 and 0.9662 respectively. And the overall R value was 0.97746. After prediction, the samples with extreme values of actual and predicted outputs were studied for other machining responses like recast layer, surface cracks and kerf width. Out-turn of this research can be utilized for machining hard to machine materials in a high precision WEDM for different applications.
Atmospheric corrosion rate prediction of low-alloy steel using machine learning models
Authors: Thanush A A , Chitra P , Kasinath J , Surya Prakash R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Corrosion mitigation is one of the indispensable needs in many industries and is currently being pursued by various methods like surface modification, corrosion inhibitor addition, and cathodic protection systems. Corrosion rate prediction can help in designing alloys with an optimized composition of materials such that it has a lower corrosion rate in the environment where they are exposed. Corrosion rate prediction can also help the manufacturers to plan the replacement of the sample used in advance. Machine learning, which is the science of making machines learn without being explicitly programmed and without using pre-determined equations, can help overcome challenges in predicting corrosion of various materials under a variety of environmental conditions. In this paper, three machine learning algorithms namely Support Vector Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, and Random Forest Regression are used to develop a Hybrid model to predict the corrosion rate of materials. Feature reduction is performed after feature importance calculation using Random Forest Regression model. The accuracy of the developed models were calculated using r2 scores as an evaluation metric for different train-test split ratios. The input data for various conditions such as open, sheltered, coastal. Etc. are fed to the model and the performance was evaluated. The results show that the proposed Hybrid model outperforms the other baseline approaches with an accuracy of 91.46%, for predicting corrosion rate of materials.
Influence of excess bismuth oxide on the structural and dielectric characteristics of textured Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics
Authors: Mitra Priyanka , Venkataraman B Harihara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12), an Aurivillius family of ferroelectric oxide, has been widely investigated due to its large remnant polarization, high Curie temperature, high dielectric constant and relatively low tangent for the application in information memory storage devices. In this work, polycrystalline bismuth titanate ceramics samples with different amounts of excess Bi2O3 (3 and 5 wt%) were prepared using a low temperature, cost-effective molten salt synthesis method. The structural, microstructural and dielectric properties depend on the addition of excess Bi2O3 and the sintering duration of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction studies revealed the effect of excess bismuth oxide on the formation of preferential orientation along the c-axis. It is also observed that the orientation factor along the c-axis increases with an increase in the sintering duration for different content of bismuth oxide. The morphological studies revealed the oriented plate-like structure of bismuth titanate ceramics associated with the enhanced growth of grains. It is noticed from the EDAX analysis that the addition of excess bismuth oxide compensated the volatilization of bismuth ions in the crystal lattice of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics. The dielectric property studies have exhibited a high value of dielectric constant (εr ~ 190), and low tangent loss factor (tanδ ~ 0.08) for the optimum bismuth oxide content of 5 wt% added Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics. Hence, we suggest that these materials could be utilized for the high energy storage capacity of non-volatile memory devices.
Environmental - friendly Al2O3 based Hydroelectric cells for green energy production
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Kumar Pradumn , Kansal Manish , Verma Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent times, it was observed that green electrical power can be generated using Hydroelectric Cells (HEC), which can be alternative of solar and fuel cell for future energy generation systems. This hydroelectric cell uses few drops of water to produce efficient, safe and eco-friendly green power. HEC working process depends upon the splitting of H2O molecules with different metal oxides. Low-cost Al2O3 based hydroelectric cell has been fabricated to generate green electrical energy. Solid state sintering method was adopted for the preparation of Al2O3 sample for hydroelectric cell. Phase formation and structural information of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A circular pellet of diameter 2-inch was prepared to examine hydroelectric properties and a circular pellet of diameter 10 mm was prepared for the study of conduction phenomenon of dissociated ions in the cell. The maximum voltage ~ 0.925 V, maximum current ~ 8.02 mA, and maximum power ~ 7.42 mW was obtained for the low-cost Al2O3 based hydroelectric cell. DC conductivity measurement confirmed the dissociation of water molecules and their conduction phenomenon. Al2O3 based hydroelectric cell provides us green energy with eco-friendly byproducts without any usage of acid/alkali/photocatalytic activity/electrolyte. Moreover, presented Al2O3 based hydroelectric cell can resolve the problem of industrial waste containing of alumina.