bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhetorical Analysis of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s Inaugural Speech as the First Africa’s Female President
Authors: KATAMBA Muzafalu 
Published: November 2022

This study intended to analyze Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s presidential inaugural speech as the first
female president in African to see how she persuaded and convinced the people of Liberia on
political, social and economic policies in an effort to make them believe in her content to
consolidate power. Specifically, this study focused on rhetorical and persuasive strategies she
applied in her speech. To achieve the intended goals, rhetorical discourse analysis methodology
was used, and Ellen’s textual inaugural presidential speech was quantitatively analyzed by both
Neo-Aristotelian and feminist methods of rhetorical analysis to discover, identify and describe
how Ellen used rhetorical devices, rhetorical appeals and other rhetorical tactics. Results indicate
that various rhetorical tactics were found in her speech, and were well applied which helped her
to effectively accomplish her intended objectives as an orator.
Proses Berpikir Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Statistika Melalui Scaffolding
Authors: MT A. Mujib , Rohman Syaifur , Mahmudah Muhlisatul 
Published: November 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, bertujuan untuk menggali proses berpikir siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah statistika kelas VIII sebelum dan sesudah diberikan bantuan atau scaffolding. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua orang siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan 2 soal pemecahan masalah kemudian hasilnya dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan terhadap subjek penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pada soal nomor 1, Subjek 1 (S1) melakukan 3 langkah proses berpikir, yaitu: memahami masalah, merencakanan penyelesaian, dan melaksanakan rencana. Perbedaan proses berpikir sebelum dan setelah scaffolding ada pada langkah kedua dan ketiga. Sedangkan Subjek 2 (S2) melakukan 3 langkah proses berpikir sama dengan S1, namun terdapat kesalahan berpikir yang dilakukan pada ketiga langkah tersebut, sehingga scaffolding diberikan secara keseluruhan. Pada soal ke dua, baik S1 maupun S2 melakukan 4 proses berpikir yaitu: memahami masalah, merencakanan penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali hasil penyelesaian. Scaffolding diberikan pada langkah kedua dan ketiga. Secara umum terdapat perbedaan proses berpikir siswa sebelum dan sesudah proses scaffolding.
Kata kunci: Proses Berpikir, Pemecahan Masalah, Scaffolding

Abstrack

This research is a descriptive qualitative, aims to explore students' thinking processes in statistical problem solving for class VIII before and after being given assistance or scaffolding. The research subjects consisted of two eighth grade students. The research was conducted by giving two statistica problems , then the results were analyzed and compared with the results of interviews conducted on research subjects. From the results was found that in question number 1, Subject 1 (S1) carried out 3 steps of the thinking process, namely: understanding the problem, planning a solution, and implementing the plan. The difference in thought processes before and after scaffolding is in the second and third steps. While the second subject (S2) did the same three-step thought process as the first subject (S1), but there was a thinking error made by the first subject in the three steps, so the whole scaffolding was given. In the second question, both the first subject and the second subject carried out four thought processes, namely: understanding the problem, planning a solution, implementing the plan, and re-examining the results of the settlement. Scaffolding is given in the second and third steps.generally, there are differences in students' thinking processes before and after the scaffolding process.

Keywords: Thinking Process, Problem Solving, Scaffolding
On Packing and Embedding Hypercubes into Star Graphs
Authors: Azevedo Marcelo Moraes de , Latifi Shahram , Bagherzadeh Nader 
Published: November 2022

Packing is a graph simulation technique hy which pk node-disjoint copies of a guest graph G(k) are embedded into a host graph H(n). Many advantages result from this technique as opposed to a simple embedding of G(k) into H(n). The multiple copies of G(k) can execute different instances of any algorithm designed to run in G(k), providing high throughput via an efficient, low-expansion utilization of H(n). Task migration mechanisms between the multiple copies of G(k) also become possible, allowing a proper allocation of the processors of H(n), load balancing and support of fault tolerance. Other advantages that arise from a well-devised packing technique are variable-dilation embeddings and multiple-sized packings. A variable-dilation embedding consists of connecting c copies of a graph G(k), packed into a host graph H(n) wilh dilation d, such as to obtain an emhedding of a graph G(k+l), l > 0, into H(n). The resulting embedding has dilation d when the nodes of G(k+l) communicate over the first k dimensions of G(k+l), and dilation di > d when a dimension i, k < i ≤ k + l, is used. Since many parallel algorithms use a restricted number of dimensions of the guest graph at any given step (e.g., SIMD-based algorithms), the resulting communication slowdown can be made significantly small on the average. We also extend the concept of connecting node-disjoint copies of a graph G(k) to obtain multiple-sized packings, in which graphs G(k), G(k + 1), ... , G(k + l) of various sizes are packed into a host graph H(n). Multiple-sized packings allow tasks with different processor requirements to be allocated proper guest graphs G(k + j) in H(n) (variable-dilation embeddings result when j > 0). This paper focuses on the problem of packing hypercubes Q(n-2) and Q(n-1) into a star graph S(n) with dilation 3. We show that 3 · [n/2]! · [(n-1)/2]! copies of Q(n-2) or [n/2]! · [(n-1)/2]! copies of Q(n-1) can be packed into S(n), with expansion n!/3 · [n/2]! · ((n-1)/2]! · 2n-2 and n!/ [n/2]! · [(n-1)/2]! · 2n-1, respectively. We also show how to connect packed Q(n-1)'s to obtain a variable-dilation embedding of Q(n - 1 + l), l ≤ [log2(ln/2]! · [(n-1)/2]!)], into S(n). Such an emhedding has dilation 3 for the first (n-1) dimensions of Q(n - 1 + l) and guarantees a minimal slowdown by using a slightly higher dilation (4 in most cases) for the remaining dimensions of Q(n - 1 + l). Finally, we also address the issue of multiple-sized packings of hypercubes into S(n).
Reporte epidemiológico de un tratamiento de reeducación postural con el Método Tres Escuadras
Authors: Cardone Carmen , Pineda Carolina , Usandizaga Marisol 
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Reportar los resultados de la atención de pacientes durante 26 años desempeñados en práctica privada, mediante la aplicación del Método Tres Escuadras. Conocer la frecuencia de características, diagnósticos y resultados en los pacientes que recibieron evaluación o evaluación y tratamiento.
Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se registraron datos demográficos, diagnóstico, región corporal afectada, etiopatogenia, biotipologías, Zona de Retracción Primaria en pacientes de 7 a 90 años, tratados en el consultorio particular desde 1994 a 2020. Las variables: Dolor, Flexibilidad y Movilidad de la Columna fueron tomadas en sesión 1, 10, 20 y último seguimiento. Se describió la Aplicación del Método.
Resultados: Ingresaron 301 pacientes, 21(7%) para evaluación postural, 280(93%) para evaluación y tratamiento. La mediana de edad fue de 42(RIQ27-57) años y 178(59.1%) fueron mujeres. Se registraron 468 motivos de consulta, en 115(38,2%) fueron más de un motivo; 69(22,92%) lumbociatalgia, 251(85,7%) rectificación cervical. La mediana del dolor al ingreso fue de 7(RIQ 5-9) puntos. La región corporal más afectada fue el raquis vertebral y tórax, con etiopatogenia osteomuscular, biotipología carbónico y la Zona de Retracción Primaria dorsal. Se observó una diferencia de resultados para el VAS, Schoeber lumbar, Schoeber total y distancia dedo mayor piso, entre la evaluación basal y las evaluaciones 1, 2 y 3.
Conclusión. Este estudio reportó la frecuencia de las características, diagnósticos y resultados en pacientes que recibieron evaluación o evaluación y tratamiento con el Método Tres Escuadras, en pacientes de 7 a 90 años, durante 26 años en práctica privada.
Ventilación mecánica prolongada en sujetos posquirúrgicos cardiovasculares
Authors: Carmody Maria Candela , Calvo Delfino Melina , Castro Lucia Victoria , Snaider Camila Andrea , Mignone Federico , Salzberg Sandra , Porollan Juan Cruz , Dorado Javier Hernán , Vera Amor Juan Sebastián , Pérez Joaquín , Navarro Emiliano 
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas y la proporción de sujetos sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular (CCV), que requieren ventilación mecánica prolongada (VMP) y analizar los factores asociados al desarrollo de dicha entidad.
Materiales y método: Serie de casos. Se incluyeron sujetos mayores de 18 años que requirieron una CCV a través de esternotomía, entre julio de 2017 y noviembre de 2018. Se excluyeron sujetos con datos faltantes y se eliminaron quienes fallecieron durante la cirugía. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística para determinar las variables predictoras de la ocurrencia de VMP.
Resultados: De 70 sujetos analizados, 17,1% requirió VMP, cuya mortalidad fue de 41,7%. En el análisis univariado la obesidad, días de internación, tiempo de cirugía, necesidad de circulación extracorpórea (CEC), desarrollo de complicaciones posoperatorias (POP) y puntaje del score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) en el posquirúrgico inmediato, se asociaron significativamente a VMP.
Conclusión: La proporción de sujetos con requerimiento de VMP fue superior a lo reportado en la literatura. El tiempo de cirugía, el SOFA en el POP inmediato, obesidad, necesidad de CEC, días de internación y desarrollo de complicaciones POP se asociaron con VMP.
Prevalencia de estudios complementarios en sujetos con afecciones de columna en un hospital público de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Soliño Santiago , Calvo Delfino Melina , De la Rúa Matías , Mignone Federico , Navarro Emiliano , Pierobon Andrés , Salzberg Sandra , Porollan Juan Cruz , Snaider Camila , Vera Amor Juan Sebastián , Vuoto Tomás , Policastro Pablo 
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de estudios complementarios (EC) en sujetos con afecciones de columna que acuden al Servicio de Kinesiología de un hospital público de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Como objetivos secundarios, nos planteamos calcular costos directos producto de los EC en sujetos con dolor lumbar (DL), dolor cervical (DC) y prevalencia de banderas rojas en DL.
Materiales y método: Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron sujetos con afección de columna vertebral, mayores de 18 años y que firmaron el consentimiento informado.
Resultados: La prevalencia de EC para la población general fue de 83%. El 87,5% de los sujetos con DL presentó al menos una bandera roja. El costo total de los EC fue de $210133 (US$3431) y el costo promedio por sujeto fue de $1129 (US$18) en la población general.
Conclusión: La prevalencia de EC de los sujetos con afecciones de columna fue del 83%, lo que generó un costo promedio de $1129 (US$18) por sujeto. Al evaluar la presencia de banderas rojas, el 87,5% de los sujetos con DL presentó al menos una.
Evaluación del nivel de sedación en pacientes críticos adultos utilizando la escala Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale
Authors: Goldberg María Adela 
Published: November 2022

Una intervención frecuente en los pacientes con ventilación mecánica es el uso de drogas sedantes, por lo que cobra relevancia la evaluación del nivel de sedación. Una de las herramientas con mejores propiedades para valorar el nivel de sedación es la escala Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS).
La valoración comienza observando si el paciente se encuentra con los ojos abiertos, para poder diferenciar entre los valores positivos y negativos de la escala. Para diferenciar los valores positivos se observa la presencia de movimientos y comportamientos del paciente. Para discernir entre los valores negativos se aplican estímulos auditivos y táctiles suaves en forma progresiva, evaluando la respuesta del paciente ante los mismos.
Rehabilitación de la deglución de la saliva en un paciente con cánula de traqueostomía
Authors: Carnero Echegaray Joaquín , Motti María Victoria , Larocca Florencia , Bellon Pablo Antonio , Quiero Gonzalo , Mansilla Dardo , Bosso Mauro Javier 
Published: November 2022

Introducción: El 94% de los pacientes con accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) tienen disfagia. Nuestro objetivo fue observar el abordaje interdisciplinario en el tratamiento del manejo de la saliva.
Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 69 años con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico. Traqueostomizado, con 24 días de asistencia ventilatoria mecánica invasiva. La fibrobroncoscopía de ingreso había informado un grado 3 en la escala de Langmore. Al colocársele la válvula fonatoria (VF) persistía con voz húmeda que no modificaba con la tos, teniendo reiteradas pruebas de tinción de azul (PTA) positivas. Se implementó Bromuro de Propantelina, estimulación con aire por puerto subglótico (PS) y colocación de toxina botulínica (TB). Se evaluó severidad y frecuencia de la sialorrea, y cantidad de saliva por turno. Se utilizó un dispositivo de flujo continuo (FC) para su tratamiento. Posteriormente, se observó contracción en pilares anteriores y pared posterior de la faringe. La nueva PTA dio resultado negativo en sedestación y positivo en decúbito supino. Durante un mes se fue progresando la colocación de la VF hasta permanecer todo el día.
Conclusión: El trabajo interdisciplinario junto a la aplicación de TB y FC, podría ser beneficioso en pacientes con ACV con alteración de la deglución y sialorrea.
Pruebas cronometradas en pacientes deambuladores con enfermedades neuromusculares
Authors: Mozzoni Julieta 
Published: November 2022

Las enfermedades neuromusculares se caracterizan por debilidad muscular progresiva, que afecta la deambulación y el desempeño en actividades funcionales como las transferencias, correr, saltar, subir y bajar rampas o escaleras, entre otras.
Para medir objetivamente el compromiso motor de los pacientes deambuladores, entre otras herramientas disponibles, existen las pruebas de tiempo o cronometradas, que valoran la velocidad para realizar determinadas tareas funcionales.
En este trabajo se describen los procedimientos para realizar las cuatro pruebas cronometradas más utilizadas en la evaluación y el seguimiento de los pacientes neuromusculares deambuladores: pararse desde supino, marcha o carrera de 10 metros y subir y bajar 4 escalones.
Coverage and Prior Authorization Policies for Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Abraham Amanda J. , Andrews Christina M. , Harris Samantha J. , Westlake Melissa M. , Grogan Colleen M. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceMedicaid is a key policy lever to improve opioid use disorder treatment, covering approximately 40% of Americans with opioid use disorder. Although approximately 70% of Medicaid beneficiaries are enrolled in comprehensive managed care organization (MCO) plans, little is known about coverage and prior authorization (PA) policies for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in these plans.ObjectiveTo compare coverage and PA policies for buprenorphine, methadone, and injectable naltrexone across Medicaid MCO plans and fee-for-service (FFS) programs and across states.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed MOUD data from 266 Medicaid MCO plans and FFS programs in 38 states and the District of Columbia in 2018.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each medication, the percentages of MCO plans and FFS programs that covered the medication without PA, covered the medication with PA, and did not cover the medication were calculated, as were the percentages of MCO, FFS, and all (MCO and FFS) beneficiaries who were covered with no PA, covered with PA, and not covered. In addition, MCO plan coverage and PA policies were mapped by state. Analyses were conducted from January 1 through May 31, 2022.ResultsCoverage and PA policies were compared for MOUD in 266 MCO plans and 39 FFS programs, representing approximately 70 million Medicaid beneficiaries. Overall, FFS programs had more generous MOUD coverage than MCO plans. However, a higher percentage of FFS programs imposed PA for the 3 medications (47.0%) than did MCOs (35.9%). Furthermore, although most Medicaid beneficiaries were enrolled in a plan that covered MOUD, 53.2% of all MCO- and FFS-enrolled beneficiaries were subject to PA. Results also showed wide state variation in MCO plan coverage and PA policies for MOUD and the percentage of Medicaid beneficiaries subject to PA.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found variation in MOUD coverage and PA policies across Medicaid MCO plans and FFS programs and across states. Thus, Medicaid beneficiaries’ access to MOUD may be heavily influenced by their state of residency and the Medicaid plan in which they are enrolled. Left unaddressed, PA policies are likely to remain a barrier to MOUD access in the nation’s Medicaid programs.
Efficacy of a Hip Brace for Hip Displacement in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kim Bo Ryun , Yoon Jin A. , Han Hyun Jung , Yoon Young Il , Lim Jiwoon , Lee Seungeun , Cho Seon , Shin Yong Beom , Lee Hyun Jung , Suh Jee Hyun , Jang Joonyoung , Beom Jaewon , Park Yulhyun , Choi Jung-Hwa , Ryu Ju Seok 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThere is no consensus on interventions to slow the progress of hip displacement in patients with cerebral palsy.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of a novel hip brace in preventing progressive hip displacement in patients with cerebral palsy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 2-group randomized clinical trial was conducted at 4 tertiary hospitals in South Korea from July 2019 to November 2021. Participants included children aged 1 to 10 years with nonambulatory cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV or V). Block randomization was used to assign an equal number of patients to the study and control groups via computerized random allocation sequences. Data were analyzed from November to December 2021.InterventionsThe intervention group wore the hip brace for at least 12 hours a day for the study duration (ie, 12 months). Follow-up evaluations were performed after 6 and 12 months of wearing the brace. Both groups proceeded with conventional rehabilitation therapy during the trial.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Reimers migration index (MI) on radiography, as assessed by 3 blinded investigators. Primary outcome variables were analyzed using linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes include change in the Caregiver Priorities &amp;amp; Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities, on which lower scores indicate better quality of life.ResultsA total of 66 patients were included, with 33 patients (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [31.6] months; 25 [75.8%] boys) randomized to the intervention group and 33 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [24.9] months; 20 [60.6%] boys) randomized to the control group. The baseline mean (SD) MI was 37.4% (19.3%) in the intervention group and 30.6% (16.3%) in the control group. The mean difference of the MI between the intervention group and control group was −8.7 (95% CI, −10.2 to −7.1) percentage points at 6 months and −12.7 (95% CI, −14.7 to −10.7) percentage points at 12 months. The changes in the Caregiver Priorities &amp;amp; Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities were favorable in the study group and reached statistical significance at the 6-month follow-up compared with the control group (difference, −14.2; 95% CI, −25.2 to −3.3).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, the novel hip brace was significantly effective in preventing the progression of hip displacement, compared with the control group. It effectively improved quality of life in patients with nonambulatory cerebral palsy. Therefore, hip brace use could be a promising treatment method to delay hip surgery and improve the quality of life of patients with nonambulatory cerebral palsy.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04033289
A Narrowing Mortality Gap: Temporal Trends of Cause‐Specific Mortality in a National Matched Cohort Study in US Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Johnson Tate M. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Sauer Brian C. , Cannon Grant W. , Kunkel Gary , Michaud Kaleb , Baker Joshua F. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo examine temporal trends in all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsWe conducted a matched cohort study in the VHA from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. Incident RA patients were matched up to 1:10 on age, sex, and VHA enrollment year to non‐RA patients, then followed until death or end of study period. Cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression models stratified by RA diagnosis years were used to examine trends in RA‐related risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsAmong 29,779 incident RA patients (matched to 245,226 non‐RA patients), 9,565 deaths occurred. RA patients were at increased risk of all‐cause (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 1.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20–1.26]), cardiovascular (HRadj 1.19 [95% CI 1.14–1.23]), cancer (HRadj 1.19 [95% CI 1.14–1.24]), respiratory (HRadj 1.46 [95% CI 1.38–1.55]), and infection‐related mortality (HRadj 1.59 [95% CI 1.41–1.80]). Interstitial lung disease was the cause of death most strongly associated with RA (HRadj 3.39 [95% CI 2.88–3.99]). Nearly 70% of excess deaths in RA were attributable to cardiopulmonary disease. All‐cause mortality risk related to RA was lower among those diagnosed during 2012–2017 (HRadj 1.10 [95% CI 1.05–1.15]) compared to 2000–2005 (HRadj 1.31 [95% CI 1.26–1.36]), but still higher than for non‐RA controls (P < 0.001). Cause‐specific mortality trends were similar.ConclusionExcess RA‐related mortality was driven by cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, and infectious causes, particularly cardiopulmonary diseases. Although our findings support that RA‐related mortality risk is decreasing over time, a mortality gap remains for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in RA.
Multiscale Biofabrication: Integrating Additive Manufacturing with DNA‐Programmable Self‐Assembly
Authors: Jäkel Anna C. , Heymann Michael , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStructure and hierarchical organization are crucial elements of biological systems and are likely required when engineering synthetic biomaterials with life‐like behavior. In this context, additive manufacturing techniques like bioprinting have become increasingly popular. However, 3D bioprinting, as well as other additive manufacturing techniques, show limited resolution, making it difficult to yield structures on the sub‐cellular level. To be able to form macroscopic synthetic biological objects with structuring on this level, manufacturing techniques have to be used in conjunction with biomolecular nanotechnology. Here, a short overview of both topics and a survey of recent advances to combine additive manufacturing with microfabrication techniques and bottom‐up self‐assembly involving DNA, are given.