bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologisch diagnostizierte okuläre und periokuläre Tuberkulose von 1945 bis 2020
Authors: Küchlin Sebastian , Glegola Mateusz , Schulz Tabea , Auw-Hädrich Claudia 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Okuläre Tuberkulose ist eine seltene, jedoch wichtige Differenzialdiagnose bei Entzündungen jeglicher Augenstrukturen inkl. der Augenoberfläche und der okulären Adnexe.
Die Diagnostik der Gewebe kann durch deren Unzugänglichkeit zur Biopsie, oftmals unspezifischen Veränderungen und den insensitiven Erregernachweis erschwert sein. Wir interessierten uns
dafür, wie viele tuberkuloseassoziierte Fälle im Archiv des Schwerpunkts Ophthalmopathologie seit 1945 diagnostiziert wurden.
Material und Methoden Wir führten eine retrospektive Analyse historischer Befunde und Präparate des Schwerpunktes Ophthalmopathologie der Klinik für Augenheilkunde in Freiburg durch.
Verfügbare Schnitte befundeten wir hinsichtlich Granulomen, Nekrosen, Riesenzellen, säurefester Stäbchen sowie chronischer und akuter Entzündung systematisch neu und verglichen den aktuellen
und historischen Befund. Weiterhin beschreiben wir einen aktuellen Fall eines Patienten mit Iristuberkulose.
Ergebnisse Unter 50 418 seit 1945 befundeten histopathologischen Fällen fanden wir 23 Befunde von 22 Patienten mit Diagnose einer okulären oder periokulären Tuberkulose. Hiervon
waren 22 Präparate (96%) archiviert und zur Neubefundung verfügbar. Vier Präparate (17%) stammten von Kindern. Die am häufigsten entnommenen Gewebe waren enukleierte Bulbi (10/23, 44%),
gefolgt von Tränensack- (5/23, 22%) und Bindehautpräparaten (2/23, 9%). Die häufigsten histopathologischen Befunde waren Granulome (23/23, 100%), eine chronische Entzündung (22/23, 96%),
Riesenzellen (21/23, 91%) und Nekrose (14/23, 61%). Eine akute entzündliche Reaktion fand sich in 4/23 Präparaten (17%). Der Nachweis säurefester Stäbchen war aus 5 Präparaten angestrebt
worden und hiervon in 3 Fällen gelungen (60%). Die größte Diskrepanz zwischen historischer und retrospektiver Beurteilung zeigte sich im Vorhandensein von Nekrosen (Übereinstimmung in 13/22
Fällen, 59%). Die übrigen Befunde wurden mit hoher Übereinstimmung erhoben (78 – 96%). In einem aktuellen Fall mit Iristumor führte die histopathologische Aufarbeitung zeitgleich mit einem
Leistenpunktat zur Tuberkulosediagnose bei zuvor tumorös interpretierter B-Symptomatik.
Schlussfolgerung Die okuläre Tuberkulose ist eine seltene, aber wichtige histopathologische Differenzialdiagnose. Das klassische Merkmal einer nekrotisierenden Entzündung war in den
verfügbaren Präparaten am seltensten und wurde zudem historisch und aktuell verschiedentlich bewertet. Weitere typische Befunde wie Riesenzellen und ein prädominant lymphozytäres Infiltrat
können auch in Fällen mit Erregernachweis fehlen, sodass diese bei entsprechendem Verdacht nicht als obligat angesehen werden sollten.
Use of Pulse Oximetry Pulsatility Index Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rasmussen Maynard , Suttner Denise , Poeltler Debra , Katheria Anup C. 
Published: July 2022

Objective This study aimed to compare oximetry data (pre- and postductal oxygen saturation [SpO2], pre- and postductal pulsatility index [PI]) in healthy newborns (≥35 weeks' gestational age) to infants who have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD).
Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of data obtained from electronic medical records, recorded as part of routine pulse oximetry screening (POS) for CCHD in infants born between the years 2013 and 2020. Testing was performed at 24 ± 2 hours of life. Data were analyzed to detect differences in pre- and postductal SpO2 and pre- and postductal PI in healthy newborns compared with infants who have CCHD. Newborns were excluded from analysis if they: (1) had a prenatal diagnosis of CCHD in the medical record, (2) had previously been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, or (3) had failed POS but were found no CCHD by diagnostic echocardiography.
Results A total of 88,754 healthy newborns had received POS between the years 2013 and 2020. Of the 88,736 newborn records available for analysis,18 newborns were diagnosed with CCHD. Eight were identified by POS before discharge and 10 were diagnosed after discharge. Infants diagnosed with CCHD by POS had lower pre- and postductal SpO2 compared with normal infants. Their postductal PI was significantly lower. Infants who had CCHD that was not identified by POS had similar pre- and postductal SpO2 values, but their postductal PI was lower. Using a postductal PI cutoff of 1.21 had a receiver operating curve of area under the curve 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.672, 0.869) with 74% sensitivity and 61% specificity.
Conclusion In our large cohort of infants born in San Diego County, the postductal PI is lower in infants with CCHD. Given that PI is routinely displayed on every pulse oximeter and the high morbidity of missed CCHD, PI should be incorporated into routine CCHD screening.
Key Points
Fetal Echocardiographic Findings to Predict Early Surgical Repair and Neonatal Outcomes in Fetuses with Isolated Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Akalın Münip , Demirci Oya , Yücel İlker K. , Erol Nurdan 
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate fetal echocardiographic findings in predicting the need for surgical repair in fetuses with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and to evaluate perinatal outcomes.
Study Design In this retrospective study, fetuses diagnosed with CoA in a tertiary center between January 2015 and June 2021 were analyzed. Fetal echocardiographic measurements and quantitative findings, middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices, and perinatal outcomes were recorded.
Results A total of 57 fetuses with CoA were included in the study. In total, 51 (89.5%) pregnancies resulted in live births and 32 (62.8%) of the neonates underwent surgical repair. The left ventricle/right ventricle width ratio and aortic isthmus z-score were significantly lower in fetuses who underwent surgical repair (p = 0.004 0.001, respectively). Retrograde flow in the aortic isthmus (odds ratio [OR]:7.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–27.76), left-to-right foramen ovale shunt (OR: 8.50; 95% CI: 1.68–42.98), and ventricular septal defect (OR: 9.63; 95% CI: 1.90–48.74) were associated with the need for surgical repair. A new scoring system integrating these echocardiographic findings had 89% specificity and 54% sensitivity in predicting surgical repair. Fetal growth restriction rates, preterm birth rates, mean MCA pulsatility index (PI), and mean UA PI were similar in fetuses with and without surgical repair.
Conclusion A scoring system integrating echocardiographic findings in fetuses with CoA may improve the prediction of surgical repair need. There is no evidence of an increased risk of FGR, preterm birth, and brain sparing effect in fetuses with CoA who require surgical repair.
Key Points
Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube placement in patients post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, a single tertiary care center experience
Authors: Aryan Mahmoud , Colvin Tyler , Mulki Ramzi , Daley Lauren , Patel Parth , Locke John , Ahmed Ali M. , Kyanam Kabir Baig Kondal R. , Mönkemüller Klaus , Peter Shajan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Obesity prevalence continues to rise in the United States with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery being one of the most common bariatric procedures. With this trend, more patients with altered upper gastrointestinal (UGI) anatomy have required endoscopic intervention including direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) placement. We aimed to assess the safety and success rates of DPEJ in RYGB patients.
Patients and methods All patients at a tertiary care referral center who underwent DPEJ during an 8-year period were queried from a prospectively maintained registry of all enteroscopy procedures. Duplicate cases and altered upper UGI anatomy subtypes other than RYGB were excluded. The final cohort consisted of two groups: RYGB vs native anatomy (NA). Demographic, procedural, readmission, follow-up, and complication data were recorded. Comparative analysis was performed.
Results Seventy-two patients were included where 28 had RYGB and 44 had NA. Both groups had similar baseline and pre-procedure data. Procedure success rate was 89 % in RYGB patients and 98 % in NA patients (P = 0.13). There were no intraprocedural complications. Early and late postprocedural complication rates were similar between the groups (both 4 % vs 7 %). Average follow-up times in the RYGB and NA groups were 12.97 ± 9.35 and 13.44 ± 9.21 months, respectively. Although readmission rates at 1 and 6 months were higher in the NA versus the RYGB group (21 % vs 7 % and 25 % vs 15 %), these differences were not significant.
Conclusions DPEJ can be successful and safely placed in RYGB patients with no significant difference in procedure success, complication, or readmission rates when compared to control.
Computed Tomography Predictors of Vascular Injury in Cranioencephalic Trauma Patients
Authors: Velásquez-Vera Miguel , Rivera-García Juan David , Gómez-Martínez Alejandro , Mier-García Juan Felipe , Salcedo-Moreno Juan Camilo , Peralta-Pizza Fernando 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective A frequent challenge for the neurosurgeon when treating a patient with cranioencephalic trauma is to determine whether the patient has a vascular lesion, when to suspect it, and what studies to request. In this context, the objective of the present study was to identify the variables on cranial computed tomography (CT) scans that predict vascular injury in digital subtraction angiography in patients with cranioencephalic trauma.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with cranioencephalic trauma admitted to the Hospital Universitario del Valle between June 2016 and June 2019. Subjects with available simple CT images of the skull and digital subtraction angiography were included.
Results A total of 138 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were identified. The average age was 32 years, 82% were men, and the most frequent mechanism of injury was firearm wound (59%). The variables associated with vascular injury were fracture of the base of the temporal skull and sphenoid fracture.
Conclusion The presence of fractures of the base of the temporal skull and sphenoid fractures is associated with vascular injury in patients with cranioencephalic trauma.
Understanding the Economics of Aphasia: Recent Findings from Speech and Language Research
Authors: Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, stakeholders engaged in the study, treatment, and understanding of aphasia outcomes have emphasized the need for greater transparency regarding the economics of aphasia rehabilitation. Most notably, third-party payers and clinicians have a keen interest in understanding the resources used to treat aphasia, particularly the cost-effectiveness and value of aphasia treatments. In this article, we review the current literature related to the economic burden of aphasia and the cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments. To date, relatively few scholars have attempted to study the efficiency, scale, and scope related to the economics of aphasia and the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment. While studies of the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments have shown rehabilitative treatments conform to established quality and cost benchmarks, the continued progress and developments in the treatment of aphasia and measurement of clinical outcomes has left many areas unstudied. We highlight the need for greater emphasis on the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments in addition to the traditional focus on the efficacy of treatment outcomes.
Association of ABO Blood Group Antigen and Neurological Tumors
Authors: Patidar Gopal K. , Dhiman Yashaswi , Hazarika Anjali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Various risk factors for tumors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and radiation, etc., were already identified. ABO blood group antigens are also present on epithelia, endothelia, and neurons. Recent evidence suggested the role of ABO antigens in the pathogenesis of certain malignancies.
Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care neurosurgical center in North India from January 2016 to December 2018. The hospital information system was used to obtain patient information while the blood center information system was used to collect blood group information. Brain tumors were majorly divided into cavernoma, glioma, meningioma, neuroma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, and others.
Results We found a total of 1,970 patients with brain tumors admitted during our study period. Most patients had glioma (33.55%), followed by pituitary adenoma (20.05%) and neuroma (2.23%). B blood group individuals had more prevalence of cavernoma, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, and others followed by O, A, and AB. Only association of O blood group with neuroma tumor was found statistically significant.
Conclusions Our patient population had blood group distribution similar to our general population and no significant association was observed by blood group antigens and brain tumors. Although neuroma was significantly associated with blood group O but the prevalence of neuroma in our patient population is very low hence large sample study is required to draw a firm conclusion regarding this association.
Usability and Acceptability of a Computer-Based Social Communication Intervention for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Meulenbroek Peter , Cherney Leora R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComputer-based interventions for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a rapidly developing treatment modality. However, the usability and acceptability of such treatments have not been thoroughly studied. We describe the user-experience of a computerized intervention in persons with TBI called the Work-Related Communication (WoRC) program. Two coders used qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews to complete a thematic content analysis along with a cost–benefit analysis. Ten participants with severe TBI more than 1-year postinjury were interviewed. Seven participants were male, and three were female. Their mean age was 41.6 years (standard deviation: 13.1). All had 4 years of college or less and experienced severe TBIs. A qualitative analysis of the WoRC program usability resulted in the categories of Content (aspects of treatment approach), Interface (aspects of presentation), and Abilities (aspects of the cognitive disorder). WoRC program acceptability categories emerged as Specific (trained strategies can be applied to specific scenarios) and Personal (individual factors related to willingness to implement the trained strategies). The cost–benefit analysis demonstrated a 50.2% reduction in treatment costs, indicating that computer-enhanced interventions are a potentially cost-effective way to increase behavioral outcomes. We discuss these findings as they relate to future development of computer-enhanced programs for persons with TBI.
Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Intraoperative Blood Loss and Anesthetic Requirement in Meningioma Patients Undergoing Craniotomy with Tumor Removal: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Jitsinthunun Thanawut , Raksakietisak Manee , Pantubtim Chanitda , Mahatnirunkul Porntip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Meningioma brain tumor is associated with significant blood loss. Magnesium (Mg), a calcium blocker, can facilitate blood pressure control during surgery. This study aimed to evaluate effects of magnesium on blood loss, anesthetic requirement, and its neuroprotective effect in meningioma patients undergoing craniotomy.
Methods Eighty patients aged between 18 and 70, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, diagnosed with meningioma and scheduled for craniotomy tumor removal were randomized into two groups. Group M (Mg) received intravenous magnesium sulfate 40 mg/kg over 30 minutes initiated at skin incision and followed by continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/h until dura closure. Group N (NSS) received 0.9% NaCl as placebo. Anesthesiologists in charge, surgeons, and patients were all blinded. The assessed outcomes were perioperative blood loss, anesthetic requirement, and pre- and postoperative neurocognitive functions assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Results Thirty-eight patients in each group were analyzed. In group M, the intraoperative blood losses were 500 (70, 2300) mL, and 510 (100, 1600) mL in group N (p = 0.315). Patients who received blood within 24 hours were 39.5% in group M and 47.4% in group N (p = 0.644). No differences were observed in anesthetic requirement, intraoperative mean arterial pressure, hypotensive episodes, and vasopressor usages. There were no significant differences in postoperative MoCA score. Magnesium levels did not exceed acceptable levels.
Conclusions Magnesium administration in meningioma patients had no significant effects on blood loss, anesthetic requirement, and postoperative cognitive function.
The Politics of Who Gets What and Why: Learning from the Targeting of Social Cash Transfers in Zambia
Authors: Pruce Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTargeting remains a highly contentious aspect of social protection design, despite the growing body of evidence on various targeting mechanisms. While targeting is often framed as identifying the poorest households within limited budgets, such decisions are inherently political and shaped by notions of social justice. This in-depth study of a contested cash transfer model in Zambia finds that local ideas of deservingness led to the rejection of eligible fit-for-work recipients, and changes to the targeting model to prioritise incapacitated households. The analysis draws on interviews with government and policy actors, as well as focus group discussions in communities receiving cash transfers. Applying van Oorschot’s deservingness heuristic to this data reveals that the criterion of control (of circumstance) was prioritised by local level respondents. The paper argues that popular perceptions of deservingness—and the broader social justice implications—need to be taken seriously in the design and analysis of targeting.
Challenges in predicting ΔrxnG in solution: The chelate effect
Authors: Mukadam A. A. , East A. L. L. 
Published: July 2022

Gibbs energies for reactions involving aqueous ions are challenging to predict due to the large solvation energies of such ions. A stringent test would be the ab initio reproduction of the aqueous-phase chelate effect, an entropic effect in reactions of very small enthalpy changes. This paper examines what is required to achieve such a reproduction for the paradigmatic reaction M(NH3)42+ + 2 en → M(en)22+ + 4 NH3 (en = 1,2-ethylenediamine), for which ΔrxnG* and ΔrxnH* are −2.3 and +1.6 kcal mol−1, respectively, if M = Zn. Explicit solvation via simulation was avoided in order to allow sufficiently accurate electronic structure models; this required the use of continuum solvation models (CSMs), and a great deal of effort was made in attempting to lower the relative errors of ΔsolvG*[M(NH3)42+] vs ΔsolvG*[M(en)22+] from the CSMs available in Gaussian software. CSMs in ADF and JDFTx software were also tested. A uniform 2.2 kcal mol−1 accuracy in ΔrxnG* for all three metal-atom choices M = {Zn, Cd, Hg} was eventually achieved, but not from any of the known CSMs tested, nor from cavity size reoptimization, nor from semicontinuum modeling: post facto solvation energy corrections [one per solute type, NH3, en, M(NH3)42+, M(en)22+] were needed. It is hoped that this study will aid (and encourage) further CSM development for coordination-complex ions.
Inhibitors of eIF4G1–eIF1 uncover its regulatory role of ER/UPR stress-response genes independent of eIF2α-phosphorylation
Authors: Sehrawat Urmila , Haimov Ora , Weiss Benjamin , Tamarkin-Ben Harush Ana , Ashkenazi Shaked , Plotnikov Alexander , Noiman Tzahi , Leshkowitz Dena , Stelzer Gil , Dikstein Rivka 
Published: July 2022

During translation initiation, eIF4G1 dynamically interacts with eIF4E and eIF1. While the role of eIF4E–eIF4G1 is well established, the regulatory functions of eIF4G1–eIF1 are poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of the eIF4G1–eIF1 inhibitors i14G1-10 and i14G1-12. i14G1s directly bind eIF4G1 and inhibit translation in vitro and in the cell, and their effects on translation are dependent on eIF4G1 levels. Translatome analyses revealed that i14G1s mimic eIF1 and eIF4G1 perturbations on the stringency of start codon selection and the opposing roles of eIF1–eIF4G1 in scanning-dependent and scanning-independent short 5′ untranslated region (UTR) translation. Remarkably, i14G1s activate ER/unfolded protein response (UPR) stress-response genes via enhanced ribosome loading, elevated 5′UTR translation at near-cognate AUGs, and unexpected concomitant up-regulation of coding-region translation. These effects are, at least in part, independent of eIF2α-phosphorylation. Interestingly, eIF4G1–eIF1 interaction itself is negatively regulated by ER stress and mTOR inhibition. Thus, i14G1s uncover an unknown mechanism of ER/UPR translational stress response and are valuable research tools and potential drugs against diseases exhibiting dysregulated translation.
EBNA2-EBF1 complexes promote MYC expression and metabolic processes driving S-phase progression of Epstein-Barr virus–infected B cells
Authors: Beer Sophie , Wange Lucas E. , Zhang Xiang , Kuklik-Roos Cornelia , Enard Wolfgang , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang , Scialdone Antonio , Kempkes Bettina 
Published: July 2022

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human tumor virus which preferentially infects resting human B cells. Upon infection in vitro, EBV activates and immortalizes these cells. The viral latent protein EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is essential for B cell activation and immortalization; it targets and binds the cellular and ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein CBF1, thereby transactivating a plethora of viral and cellular genes. In addition, EBNA2 uses its N-terminal dimerization (END) domain to bind early B cell factor 1 (EBF1), a pioneer transcription factor specifying the B cell lineage. We found that EBNA2 exploits EBF1 to support key metabolic processes and to foster cell cycle progression of infected B cells in their first cell cycles upon activation. The α1-helix within the END domain was found to promote EBF1 binding. EBV mutants lacking the α1-helix in EBNA2 can infect and activate B cells efficiently, but activated cells fail to complete the early S phase of their initial cell cycle. Expression of
MYC
, target genes of MYC and E2F, as well as multiple metabolic processes linked to cell cycle progression are impaired in EBVΔα1-infected B cells. Our findings indicate that EBF1 controls B cell activation via EBNA2 and, thus, has a critical role in regulating the cell cycle of EBV-infected B cells. This is a function of EBF1 going beyond its well-known contribution to B cell lineage specification.