bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Electron‐Withdrawing‐Group‐Tethered Arenes Involved Asymmetric Nucleophilic Aromatic Functionalizations
Authors: Li Yan‐Li , Wang Kai‐Kai , He Xiao‐Long 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) have emerged as a powerful tool for the activation of various arenes to promote nucleophilic dearomative additions for the construction of complicated chiral cyclic structures under asymmetric catalytic systems. Nitro‐indoles, nitro‐benzofurans/benzothiophenes, and related nitro‐heteroarenes are widely applied in the reaction with various nucleophiles to construct various enantioenriched polycyclic skeletons via the asymmetric dearomatization process. Meanwhile, the electron‐deficient azo‐group and nitroso‐group are an alternative powerful tool for the activation of arenes, which enable formal nucleophilic aromatic arylations with various electrophilic aromatics to construct novel chiral biaryl atropisomers. Besides, azo‐naphthanenes are served as dipolar surrogates in the reaction with nucleophilic dipolarophiles to proceed asymmetric cycloadditions to construct chiral polycyclic skeletons. The EWG‐tethered arene has proven to be a versatile protocol for the construction of structurally diversified chiral backbones. This review summarizes the latest progress of the EWG‐tethered arenes involved asymmetric transformations under organo‐ or transition metal catalysis.magnified image
Digital light processing (DLP)‐based (bio)printing strategies for tissue modeling and regeneration
Authors: Li Hongbin , Dai Jiliang , Wang Zixuan , Zheng Heshan , Li Wanlu , Wang Mian , Cheng Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP)‐based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various tissue modeling and regeneration. In this review, we display a concise introduction of DLP bioprinting, and a further discussion on the design and manufacture of DLP (bio)printer with varied bioinks and their biomedical applications toward drug screening, disease modeling, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of the DLP printing platforms are detailed. It is believed that DLP bioprinting will play a decisive role in the field of tissue model and regenerative medicine, mainly due to its time‐efficient, higher resolution, and amenability to automation for various tissue needs.
Multiscale analysis of monoglyceride oleogels during storage
Authors: Rondou Kato , De Witte Fien , Rimaux Tom , Dewinter Wim , Dewettinck Koen , Verwaeren Jan , Van Bockstaele Filip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOleogelation offers the possibility to reduce the saturated fatty acid (SAFA) content while maintaining the desired organoleptic properties. Hereby, SAFAs are replaced by other structurants which can create a three‐dimensional network that immobilizes the liquid oil. Depending on the type of structurants, different structuring routes are identified. The use of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) as structurants is a promising approach thanks to their great self‐assembling properties. However, implementation into the food industry is still hampered due to insufficient characterization. This research includes a multiscale analysis of two dynamically produced MAG‐based oleogels (6% MAGs in oil, MO1 and MO2) as a function of the storage time (up to 8 weeks). Slight differences in the production process resulted in pronounced differences in techno‐functional properties of the MAG‐based oleogels. MO1 consisted of larger crystals, which resulted in a lower rigidity, reduced stability, and lower oil binding capacity compared with the other oleogel (MO2). On the nanoscale, it was found that the crystal nanoplatelets (CNPs) of MO1 contained a higher number of lamellae compared with MO2. Additionally, the results obtained with ultra‐small angle x‐ray scattering indicated a larger equivalent diameter for the CNPs of MO1. As a function of the storage time, both oleogels did not show major structural changes up to 8 weeks of storage.
Preparation of Raney cobalt and identification of surface structures responsible for catalytic activity in the Fischer–Tropsch process
Authors: Solomonik I. G. , Gryaznov K. O. , Mitberg E. B. , Mordkovich V. Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA method for leaching Co2Al9 alloy was developed and optimized to produce nonpyrophoric Raney cobalt, which is used as a component of a highly efficient granular Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst. A comparative study of the laboratory‐produced Raney cobalt with commercially available analog was done using the methods of low‐temperature nitrogen sorption, thermoprogrammed reduction (TPR), thermoprogrammed ammonia desorption, thermal analysis, thermal conductivity, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Partial dissolution of cobalt with the formation of Co2+ and Co3+ ions was detected during aluminum leaching. It was found that incomplete purification of commercial Raney cobalt from aluminum hydroxide impurity may lead to overestimation of specific surface area. It was also found that the acidity of the molded catalyst is mainly determined not by Raney cobalt, but by elements of the composite catalyst carrier. For the first time, a linear dependence between the content of structures in a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst with TPR‐AR maxima of 500–800°C and the amount of synthesized liquid hydrocarbons has been established. It is concluded that metal nanoparticles with partial charge transfer (Coδ+) are active centers of selective formation of C5+ hydrocarbons. Obtaining the maximum number of these centers and reaching a high thermal conductivity of the composite with a developed system of transport pores is a criterion for creating an effective cobalt catalyst for low‐temperature synthesis of hydrocarbons.
A Hydroxylated Tetracationic Viologen based on Dimethylaminoethanol as a Negolyte for Aqueous Flow Batteries
Authors: Caianiello Carlo , Arenas Luis F. , Turek Thomas , Wilhelm René 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA tetracationic viologen based on dimethylaminoethanol is reported as a novel negolyte for aqueous‐organic flow batteries. The compound (1,1′‐bis(3‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonio)propyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium tetrachloride), termed [(DMAE‐Pr)2‐Vi]Cl4, was prepared by replacing the trimethylammonium groups of a former analogue for dimethylaminoethanol derivatives as permanently charged moieties, improving its solubility and modifying its electronic structure, as revealed by DFT calculations. Its electrochemical properties and diffusion coefficient were investigated by voltammetry and DOSY. The battery concept was demonstrated by pairing [(DMAE‐Pr)2‐Vi]Cl4 with a TEMPOL posolyte using a low‐cost anion exchange membrane and a neutral‐pH supporting electrolyte. [(DMAE‐Pr)2‐Vi]Cl4 has great potential for enhancing energy density in viologen flow batteries.
Promising influences of gingerols against metabolic syndrome: A mechanistic review
Authors: Alipour Alieh , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Askari Vahid Reza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetabolic syndrome is an inflammatory disorder characterized by diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Globally, this disease is increasing, especially in developed countries. Supposedly, herbal treatments for this disease likely have fewer adverse effects than chemical medications. Thus, they can be suitable options among the available chemical treatments. Ginger has been used as a spice and medicinal plant in traditional medicine and cooking. This herbal compound and its derivatives, such as 6‐gingerol, have shown promising effects on various molecular aspects of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we reviewed and discussed the significant impacts of gingerol, a derivative of ginger, on metabolic syndrome through various mechanisms. The benefits of 6‐gingerol include its effects on AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which prevent diabetes, lipid regulating effect (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, PPARs), as well as its effects on enzymes and proteins preventing hyperlipidemia caused by a high‐fat diet. In addition, 6‐gingerol has anti‐atherosclerosis and anti‐hypertension effects through several molecular mechanisms. The current review will discuss various effects of 6‐gingerol on molecular pathways involved in diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension as characterizing features of metabolic syndrome and suggests that 6‐gingerol can be a potential treatment agent for metabolic syndrome and shed light on a higher requirement for more pre‐clinical and clinical investigations.
Levetiracetam versus Oxcarbazepine as monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kharel Sanjeev , Ojha Rajeev , Khanal Surendra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of Levetiracetam (LEV) and Oxcarbazepine (OXC) as monotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed focal epilepsy.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from January 1, 2000 to May 11, 2022, with no language restrictions along with The ClinicalTrials.gov website and the WHO International Controlled Trials Registry platforms. We pooled the risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the efficacy and safety outcomes. The quality of included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool.ResultsTwo RCTs included a total of 574 newly diagnosed focal epilepsy patients (the LEV group [282 patients] and the OXC group [292 patients]). LEV group when compared with the OXC group had no significant difference in the pooled estimate of seizure freedom at week 24. (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.62–1.05, p = .11). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the pooled estimate of withdrawal due to adverse events (AEs) (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.34–2.23, p = .77). The commonly reported AEs in both trials were dizziness, headache, rash, somnolence, and nasopharyngitis with zero medication‐related death and few serious AEs.ConclusionsLEV is noninferior to OXC in terms of seizure freedom at week 24 and treatment withdrawal rate due to AEs among adults but long‐term treatment data is still missing. Future multicentric double‐blinded RCTs and real‐world studies are of great need.
Evaluating the shear bond strength and remineralization effect of calcium silicate‐based and conventional self‐adhesive resin cements to caries‐affected dentin
Authors: Tavangar Maryam S. , Safarpour Ayda , Torabi Parizi Arefeh , Shafiei Fereshteh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveGiven the importance of preserving caries‐affected dentin (CAD) in conservative dentistry, the shear bond strength (SBS) of different resin cements to CAD has been investigated. Here, we aimed to compare the SBS and remineralizing effect of a calcium silicate (TheraCem) and conventional self‐adhesive cement (Panavia SA) on the SBS of CAD.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight extracted third molars (24 sound and 24 CAD) were used. In each group, 12 teeth were prepared for bonding to TheraCem or Panavia SA. After removal of the enamel and caries, resin composite cylinders were luted on the prepared dentin. After 28 days of storage in the artificial saliva, SBS was measured and the failure mode analysis was investigated. The images of fractured sections were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray to evaluate the Ca/P weight ratio.ResultsSBS of CAD and sound dentin was not different when cemented with TheraCem (9.56 ± 4.51 vs. 9.17 ± 2.76, p = .806), but the CAD showed significantly lower SBS to Panavia SA (9.4 ± 2.36 vs. 7.39 ± 2.18, p = .015). The Ca/P ratio in CAD was significantly higher when bonded to both TheraCem and Panavia‐SA than that of the controls (p = .001); however, this ratio was not different for those bonded to TheraCem compared to Panavia SA.ConclusionsBased on our results, TheraCem as a calcium silicate cement shows better SBS to attach the restoration to CAD as compared to Panavia SA. Obliteration and mineralization of the dentinal tubules in TheraCem were also higher than in Panavia SA. However, their ability to improve the amount of the Ca/P ratio in CAD was similar.
Combining sampling gear to optimally inventory species highlights the efficiency of eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Andres Kara J. , Lambert Timothy D. , Lodge David M. , Andrés Jose , Jackson James R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiodiversity surveys may require the use of multiple types of sampling gear to maximize the efficiency of species detections, yet few studies have investigated how to optimally distribute effort among gear. In this study, we conducted eDNA metabarcoding and capture‐based sampling surveys (electrofishing, fyke netting, gillnetting, and seining) to sample fish species richness in a large northern temperate lake. We evaluated the success of the sampling methods individually and in combination to determine the allocation of effort and cost across sampling gear that provides the optimal approach for lake‐wide species inventories. We found that eDNA metabarcoding detected more species than any other sampling method, including 11 species that were not detected with any capture‐based approach. Optimal gear combination analyses revealed that detected species richness is maximized when most of the effort or budget is allocated to eDNA metabarcoding, with smaller allocations to seining and fyke netting. eDNA metabarcoding and capture sampling gear showed similar patterns of spatial heterogeneity in the fish community across habitat types, with pelagic samples forming a group that was distinct from nearshore samples. Our results indicate that eDNA metabarcoding is a rapid and cost‐efficient tool for biodiversity monitoring and that assessing the complementarity of multiple sampling types can inform the development of optimal approaches for measuring fish species richness.
One Ligand Fits All: Formation and Stabilization of a Single‐Ligand Arenethiolato Cobalt(II) Complex via Metal‐π Coordination from a Bulky Acylamino Group
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetalloproteins activate inert molecules under mild conditions by exploiting the low‐coordinated metal centers formed in protein pockets. The creation of biomimetic metal centers using bulky ligands is an attractive strategy in bioinorganic chemistry. Herein, we report a highly bulky arenethiolato ligand containing acylamino groups that forms a neutral single‐ligand Co(II) complex. X‐ray analysis revealed that the amide NH group of the ligand was deprotonated to form an S,N‐chelate, and the cobalt center was stabilized by strong π coordination. The cobalt center exhibited a quasi‐square‐planar geometry inducing a low‐spin configuration in the solid state and in toluene, which was revealed by SQUID and ESR measurements. By contrast, Co(II)‐π coordination could be reversibly replaced by THF molecule, resulting in a high‐spin state. The novel structure was induced by the local coordination space, wherein the binding atoms were appropriately positioned, as in the hydrophobic pockets of proteins.
An Efficient Synthesis of Thioesters Starting from N‐Arylthiocarbamates and Indoles: A Newman‐Kwart‐Type Rearrangement
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Chao , Cui Jing‐Jing , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn efficient method for synthesizing thioester compounds under metal‐free conditions was reported. Thus, a series of indole‐substituted thioesters were easily obtained in the presence of PhICl2 (dichloroiodo‐benzene) starting from N‐arylthiocarbamates and indoles. This Newman‐Kwart‐type rearrangement reaction features metal free, base free, mild reaction conditions, good functional tolerance, and good yield, showing potential value for preparing some biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds.
Epistemic uncertainty in poorly detailed existing frames accounting for masonry infill variability and RC shear failure
Authors: Mucedero Gianrocco , Perrone Daniele , Monteiro Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRobust performance‐based earthquake assessment should consider the effects of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty on seismic response parameters. While the effects of modelling uncertainty on specific engineering demand parameters and collapse fragility curves have been widely investigated to date on bare frame structural typologies, little attention has been paid to the impact of masonry infill properties variability on the uncertainty estimation in existing infilled RC frames. Previous studies available in the literature are mainly related to seismically designed RC buildings and the suggestions provided in international guidelines cannot be reasonably adopted for poorly detailed RC existing frames. As regards the uncertainty in existing RC frames, the role of masonry infills was often neglected or their interaction with the surrounding frames was not rigorously accounted for in the uncertainty estimation. With such limitations in mind, the aim of this study is to provide more realistic modelling uncertainty quantities to be adopted in seismic assessment of existing infilled RC frames, including, in a thorough manner, the impact of the variability of the masonry infill typologies and the occurrence of RC frame shear failure. Both the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are estimated, in terms of the overall dispersion on specific engineering demand parameters and collapse fragility curves. Finally, the impact of such uncertainties on seismic risk estimates, quantified through expected annual losses, is also thoroughly investigated. The inclusion of additional random variables, not considered so far, in the uncertainty estimation framework, led to importantly higher modelling uncertainty quantities than those currently available from previous studies.
Allergic contact dermatitis from vitamins: A systematic review
Authors: Foti Caterina , Calogiuri Gianfranco , Nettis Eustachio , De Marco Aurora , Stingeni Luca , Hansel Katharina , Di Bona Danilo , Carlucci Palma , Romita Paolo , Barbaud Annick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsVitamins are bioactive compounds naturally found in many different types of food and required by the human body for many biological functions and enzymatic activities. Due to their antioxidant properties, certain vitamin derivatives have been synthesized for inclusion in many cosmetics, thus leading to an increasing incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) cases. Therefore, the present review may be helpful to provide an insight into the sensitizing role of at least certain vitamins and may also offer possible patch test alternatives for definitive diagnosis.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature search regarding ACD cases to vitamins was performed using the Medline, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases from January 1940 up to June 2021.ResultsA total of 4494 articles matched the keywords used for the researched. Records removed before screening included 15 duplicate articles and 3429 not eligible articles (e.g., not written in English, studies on animals, not relevant to the topic). A total of 1050 articles underwent the screening phase and 258 were therefore excluded as they were not primary studies. Subsequentially, 792 articles were considered eligible for the review and 688 of them were finally excluded as they did not report the outcome of interest. Therefore, 104 articles were definitely included in the present review.ConclusionACD to vitamins is still probably an underestimated issue in cosmetology, as many vitamins are considered “natural” and therefore “safe” ingredients. On the contrary, according to current literature, almost all vitamins contained in topical products are able to induce allergic reactions, with the exception of vitamin B2 and vitamin B9. Patch tests are not standardized, thus leading to difficulties in diagnosis.
The medical education systems in China and Thailand: A comparative study
Authors: Mei Aihong , Gao Dingwei , Jiang Jinxia , Qiao Tingting , Wang Fang , Li Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsBoth China and Thailand attach great importance to education and are committed to high educational standards on an international level. Our study is to compare the medical education reforms that have occurred in China and Thailand to further improve the medical education system in China.MethodsThrough a search of official documents and prior studies, as well as consultation with Thai students studying in China, we gathered data regarding the evolution of the medical education systems in China and Thailand. The aggregate materials are incorporated into the summary and analysis.ResultsOver 200 journals and literature were analyzed retrospectively. Thailand's medical education reforms encompass Western strategies without neglecting domestic cultural factors and priorities, and a standardized and medical education system has been established. Chinese medical education reform has yielded remarkable results, though further improvements remain necessary.ConclusionReforms of Thailand's medical education system offer important experiences and lessons for China, that the development of medical education needs to absorb the merits of others and also needs to have its own national characteristics. The key to medical education reform in China lies in the establishment of a system that is dedicated to science, while also serving its primary purpose of training high‐level medical talent that can meet the needs of Chinese society.
Long‐term humoral immunity decline in hemodialysis patients following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: A cohort study
Authors: Goggins Eibhlin , Sharma Binu , Ma Jennie Z. , Gautam Jitendra , Bowman Brendan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDialysis patients are extremely vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection with high rates of hospitalization and mortality rates. In January 2021, the University of Virginia Dialysis Program initiated a program‐wide vaccination campaign to administer the Pfizer BioNTech messenger RNA SARS‐CoV‐2 (BNT162b2) vaccine. The aim of this study was to characterize the long‐term time‐dependent decline in humoral immunity in hemodialysis patients.MethodsA prospective cohort study measuring serial monthly semiquantitative IgG antibody levels to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor binding domain in fully vaccinated in‐center hemodialysis patients. Samples were collected monthly and tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies against the anti‐spike S1 domain for 2–6 months post full vaccination. Results were presented as internationally harmonized binding antibody units (BAU/ml). To analyze the change in antibody levels over time, a linear mixed model with random intercept and random slope was used for longitudinal antibody levels. A multivariable model was used to estimate the slope of antibody levels by adjusting for selected patient characteristics. Based on the estimated intercepts and slopes for each subject from the unadjusted model, 10‐month antibody levels were projected.ResultsThe mean baseline antibody level was 647.59 BAU/ml and 87.88% (29/33) of patients were considered qualitatively positive. Two patients were negative at baseline and an additional two had borderline results. Patient antibody levels declined at an adjusted average rate of 31% per month. At 6 months postvaccination, 40% of patients remaining in the cohort possessed either negative or borderline IgG antibody levels. Projecting future antibody levels suggests that 65% of the cohort will progress to borderline or negative antibody levels at 10 months post full vaccination.ConclusionThe long‐term vaccine response following vaccination with the BNT162b2 in hemodialysis patients was characterized. Our data add to the limited pool of data in this patient population and emphasize the critical need for vaccine boosters.