bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid engineering algorithm of the seeker algorithm and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Haipeng , Duan Shaomi , Luo Huilong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA newly hybrid algorithm is proposed based on the combination of seeker optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The hybrid algorithm is based on a double population evolution strategy, and the populations of individuals are evolved from the seeker optimization algorithm and the particle swarm optimization separately. The populations of individuals employ an information sharing mechanism to implement coevolution. The hybrid algorithm enhances the individuals’ diversity and averts fall into the local optimum. The hybrid algorithm is compared with particle swarm optimization, the simulated annealing and genetic algorithm, the dragonfly algorithm, the brain storming algorithm, the gravitational search algorithm, the sine cosine algorithm, the salp swarm algorithm, the multi-verse optimizer, and the seeker optimization algorithm, then 15 benchmark functions, five proportional integral differential control parameters models, and six constrained engineering optimization problems are selected for optimization experiment. According to the experimental results, the hybrid algorithm can be used in the benchmark functions, the proportional integral differential control parameters optimization, and in the optimization constrained engineering problems. The optimization ability and robustness of the hybrid algorithm are better.
Analysis of respiratory mechanics models with different kernels
Authors: Akgül Esra Karatas , Akgül Ali , Jamshed Wasim , Rehman Zulfiqar , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Abbas Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the mechanics of breathing performed by a ventilator with different kernels by an effective integral transform. We mainly obtain the solutions of the fractional respiratory mechanics model. Our goal is to give the underlying model flexibly by making use of the advantages of the non-integer order operators. The big advantage of fractional derivatives is that we can formulate models describing much better the systems with memory effects. Fractional operators with different memories are related to different types of relaxation process of the non-local dynamical systems. Additionally, since we consider the utilisation of different kinds of fractional derivatives, most often having benefit in the implementation, the similarities and differences can be obviously seen between these derivatives.
Immunosenescence of brain accelerates Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Chen Hou-Yu , Zhao Yan , Xie Yong-Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Most of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are sporadic and occur after age 65. With prolonged life expectancy and general population aging, AD is becoming a significant public health concern. The immune system supports brain development, plasticity, and homeostasis, yet it is particularly vulnerable to aging-related changes. Aging of the immune system, called immunosenescence, is the multifaceted remodeling of the immune system during aging. Immunosenescence is a contributing factor to various age-related diseases, including AD. Age-related changes in brain immune cell phenotype and function, crosstalk between immune cells and neural cells, and neuroinflammation work together to promote neurodegeneration and age-related cognitive impairment. Although numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between systemic immune changes and AD, few studies focus on the immune state of brain microenvironment in aging and AD. This review mainly addresses the changes of brain immune microenvironment in aging and AD. Specifically, we delineate how various aspects of the brain immune microenvironment, including immune gateways, immune cells, and molecules, and the interplay between immune cells and neural cells, accelerate AD pathogenesis during aging. We also propose a theoretical framework of therapeutic strategies selectively targeting the different mechanisms to restore brain immune homeostasis.
The role of microRNA-485 in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ryu In Soo , Kim Dae Hoon , Cho Hyun-Jeong , Ryu Jin-Hyeob 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are age-related disorders characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and neuronal cell loss in the central nervous system. Neuropathological conditions such as the accumulation of misfolded proteins can cause neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in the brain, leading to the development of NDDs including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally via RNA interference. Recently, some studies have reported that some miRNAs play an important role in the development of NDDs by regulating target gene expression. MiRNA-485 (miR-485) is a highly conserved brain-enriched miRNA. Accumulating clinical reports suggest that dysregulated miR-485 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. Emerging studies have also shown that miR-485 plays a novel role in the regulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic function in the pathogenesis of NDDs. In this review, we introduce the biological characteristics of miR-485, provide clinical evidence of the dysregulated miR-485 in NDDs, novel roles of miR-485 in neuropathological events, and discuss the potential of targeting miR-485 as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker for NDDs.
Neuron‐specific translational control shift ensures proteostatic resilience during ER stress
Authors: Wolzak Kimberly , Nölle Anna , Farina Margherita , Abbink Truus EM , van der Knaap Marjo S , Verhage Matthijs , Scheper Wiep 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProteostasis is essential for cellular survival and particularly important for highly specialised post‐mitotic cells such as neurons. Transient reduction in protein synthesis by protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK)‐mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p‐eIF2α) is a major proteostatic survival response during ER stress. Paradoxically, neurons are remarkably tolerant to PERK dysfunction, which suggests the existence of cell type‐specific mechanisms that secure proteostatic stress resilience. Here, we demonstrate that PERK‐deficient neurons, unlike other cell types, fully retain the capacity to control translation during ER stress. We observe rescaling of the ATF4 response, while the reduction in protein synthesis is fully retained. We identify two molecular pathways that jointly drive translational control in PERK‐deficient neurons. Haem‐regulated inhibitor (HRI) mediates p‐eIF2α and the ATF4 response and is complemented by the tRNA cleaving RNase angiogenin (ANG) to reduce protein synthesis. Overall, our study elucidates an intricate back‐up mechanism to ascertain translational control during ER stress in neurons that provides a mechanistic explanation for the thus far unresolved observation of neuronal resilience to proteostatic stress.
Study on the antipruritic mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium volatile oil on chronic eczema based on H1R and PAR-2 mediated GRPR pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiang Lu , Chen Le Le , Wang Jia Feng 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To observe the antipruritic effect and mechanism of the volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium on chronic eczema to provide data support for clinical application and new drug development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium.
Methods: The model of chronic eczema was established by using 2-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the composition and content of volatile oil in Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum bungeanum was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antipruritic effect by (EASI) score of eczema area and severity index and scratching times was then evaluated. Then, the contents of histamine, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum of rats was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tissue morphology was observed by HE staining. The expressions of H1R, PAR-2, TRPV1, TRPA1, and GRPR was then detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and QRT-PCR.
Results: The results revealed that there were differences in the composition of volatile oil between Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Compared to the model group, the medium-dose group of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium group significantly increased the difference of EASI score and scratching times, significantly decreased the concentrations of IL-4, IgE, GRP, and histamine, and significantly decreased the expression levels of H1R, PAR-2, TRPV1, and GRPR. The degree of inhibition on the pathological manifestations of chronic eczema was evident. There was no significant difference in antipruritic effect between the two groups. The expression of TRPA1 was inconsistent at the protein and gene level, which needs to be further researched.
Conclusion: The volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium can reduce the expression of H1R, PAR-2, TRPV1, and GRPR. The mechanism may be through the H1R and PAR-2-mediated GRPR pathway intervention to achieve the effect, both of which have the same antipruritic effect.
THE REGULATION OF ADVICE WITHIN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR*
Authors: Henk Kloppers  
Published: July 2022

The Financial Services Sector has undergone quite significant legislative changes in the last number of years. These changes were mainly facilitated through the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act (37 of 2002, hereinafter “the FAIS Act” or “FAIS”) together with the Policyholder Protection Rules (Long-Term Insurance) 2001 (GN R165 in GG 22085 of 2001-02-23) and the Policyholder Protection Rules (Short-Term Insurance) 2001 (GN 164 in GG 22084 of 2001-02-23). These rules were promulgated in terms of section 62 of the Long-Term Insurance Act (52 of 1998). However, the content of these rules was to a large extent duplicated in the General Code of Conduct for Authorised Financial Services Providers and Representatives (BN 80 of 2003, hereinafter “the Code of Conduct”). One ofthe main purposes of this legislation is the regulation of advice in order to enable clients to make informed decisions with regard to financial products and to ensure that intermediaries (commonly referred to as “brokers”) and insurers conduct business honestly and fairly, and with due care and diligence. The Act is ultimately aimed at the protection of consumers. It can be regarded as market conduct legislation as it provides for the regulation of the conduct of specifically providers of financial services and their representatives. Although financial advisors are still playing the same game, the FAIS Act has effectively changed the rules of the game. Financial advisors are consequently faced with the following decision: Accept the new rule changes and adapt your business to be consistent with legislation, or decide that the rule changes are too drastic and stop playing altogether. The FAIS Act, however, also created the need for a referee to ensure that all the players play according to the new rules. In this regard, Part IV of the Act made provision for the establishment of the Ombud for Financial Services Providers. The Office of the Ombud became operational in 2005and has since received numerous complaints regarding the furnishing of advice and has made several determinations. (Determinations of the Ombud can be accessed www.faisombud.co.za.) This note will examine the relevant sections in the legislation dealing with the regulation of advice. The position of the FAIS Ombud will be considered and recent determinations made by the Ombud on the subject of the furnishing of advice will be discussed.
Claims Concerning Racial Discrimination: Jurisdictional Approaches of the International Court of Justice
Authors: Vylegzhanin A. N. , Ivanov D. V. , Zinchenko O. I. 
Published: July 2022

Recent years have demonstrated an increase in cases that were brought before the ICJ by way of jurisdictional clauses of treaties, and never before has the Court experienced such a considerable influx of human rights-related claims. In particular, cases concerning racial discrimination, which first appeared in the Court’s docket in 2008, take up today a substantial part of its agenda: three out of fourteen cases currently pending before the ICJ concern issues of application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), while the fourth one was resolved just in 2021. The article describes the problems the Court encountered in striking the proper balance between various legal and political considerations when interpreting the jurisdictional clause of Article 22 of CERD and questions whether the ICJ has succeeded in doing so.
Fiber-Optic Observation of Volcanic Tremor through Floating Ice Sheet Resonance
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Klaasen Sara , Thrastarson Solvi , Çubuk-Sabuncu Yeşim , Paitz Patrick , Jónsdóttir Kristín 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEntirely covered by the Vatnajökull ice cap, Grímsvötn is among Iceland’s largest and most hazardous volcanoes. Here we demonstrate that fiber-optic sensing technology deployed on a natural floating ice resonator can detect volcanic tremor at the level of few nanostrain/s, thereby enabling a new mode of subglacial volcano monitoring under harsh conditions. A 12.5 km long fiber-optic cable deployed on Grímsvötn in May 2021 revealed a high level of local earthquake activity, superimposed onto nearly monochromatic oscillations of the caldera. High data quality combined with dense spatial sampling identify these oscillations as flexural gravity wave resonance of the ice sheet that floats atop a subglacial lake. Although being affected by the ambient wavefield, the time–frequency characteristics of observed caldera resonance require the presence of an additional persistent driving force with temporal variations over several days, that is most plausibly explained in terms of low-frequency volcanic tremor. In addition to demonstrating the logistical feasibility of installing a large, high-quality fiber-optic sensing network in a subarctic environment, our experiment shows that ice sheet resonance may act as a natural amplifier of otherwise undetectable (volcanic) signals. This suggests that similar resonators might be used in a targeted fashion to improve monitoring of ice-covered volcanic systems.
Gender Differences in Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Alizadeh Azam , Danesh Parvaneh , Maleki Amir , Javaheri Fatemeh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which causes other chronic diseases. The incidence of it is increasing in different societies, including Iran. This study aimed to investigate Gender differences in incidence of type 2 diabetes and related psychosocial factors.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among people with the age group of 20 to 60. All the 600 participants were married and lived in Kerman. Using multi-stage sampling, 300 men and 300 women were selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included 3 sections as follows: Social demographic variables, healthy lifestyle variabl and perceived stress variable. Statistical analysis was done through descriptive statistics, Lambda test, Independent sample T -test and Binary Logistic regression. The SPSS 23 was used to perform the data analysis. The significance level of the study was considered to be p=0.05.
Results: The mean (SD) score of physical activity for women was significantly lower than men: (7.6 (2.3) vs. 8.2 (2.7) (P=0.006) ). In the same vein, the mean (SD) score of healthy diet among women was significantly higher than men: (18.6 (3) vs. 18 (2.4),( P<0.001) ). The rate of avoidance of tobacco and alcohol consumption among women was significantly higher than men: (19.4 (1.3) vs. 17.9 (2.6),( P<0.001) ). Results of multiple logistic regression showed that in the group of women, the chance of developing diabetes was significantly related to perceived stress level (OR=1.21), level of sports activities OR=0.48) (and education. Education level and health diet also had a significant effect on men's odds of developing diabetes (OR=0.63, 1.35, respectively).
Conclusion: Among the indicators of healthy lifestyle, doing exercise in women and having a healthy diet in men were effective in predicting the risk of diabetes. In addition, the amount of perceived social stress was one of the most important psychological factors in the development of diabetes just in women. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the factors affecting diabetes in both men and women separately and This can be an appropriate analytical instrument for sociologists and health researchers to recognize and focus on this problem as well as for health policy makers to reduce and control harmful factors.
Comorbidity and Its Impact on Mortality of COVID-19 in Yazd Province, a Central part of Iran: a Hospital-based study
Authors: Taheri Soodejani Moslem , Hosseini Saeed , Sefidkar Reyhane , Madadizadeh Farzan , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Dehghan Ahmad , Dehghani Tafti Neda , Lotfi Mohammad Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 disease (COVID-19) a pandemic situation. The main aim of this study was investigating mortality of COVID-19 by considering chronic diseases.
methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional in which all confirmed cases were examined. The variables considered in this study were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cancers, hypertension, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Independent sample t test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 and significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Out of 22849 PCR and CT scan tests, 16061 were positive. According to the confirmed cases, prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated about 0.019. Also hospital case fatality rate and mortality rate were calculated 156 and about 8.2 per 100000 respectively. Hypertension, and age had significant relationship with morbidity of COVID-19, in other hand, age (OR: 4.51, p<0.001), kidney diseases (OR: 1.84, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), cancer (OR: 2.73, p<0.001), liver diseases (OR: 2.27, p<0.001) had impact on mortality of covid-19. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) showed the most fraction of death was due to diabetes mellitus, cancers, kidney diseases, and liver diseases.
Conclusion: Age and some underlying diseases increase odds of death due to COVID-19. It seems that preventing high-risk people from being infected is an effective solution to reduce COVID-19 death rate. To do this, health protocols need to be implemented more seriously for these sensitive groups.
E-learning Development on Work and Simple Machines to Enhance Creative Thinking Skills of Middle School Students
Authors: Sativa Hersi , Wiyono Ketang , Marlina Leni 
Published: July 2022

Physics learning has a purpose to improve students' thinking skills so that not only competent in the psychomotor and cognitive fields, but should support the way students think creatively, students think systematically, and also students think logicall. Therefore this research aims to develop e-learning on work and simple machines to improve creative thinking skills of grade VIII students SMPIT Harapan Mulia Palembang. The research uses development research methods, with development models Alessi and Trollip. The development of Alessi and Trollip models has three stages of planning, design, and development. The data collected in the study used several techniques including using expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research concluded that e-learning on work and simple machines for grade VIII middle school students has been feasible, practical and can improve students’ creative thinking skills.
Perfil epidemiológico das intoxicações exógenas no Tocantins de 2014 a 2019
Authors: Rodrigues Nathália , Cândido Mansos Thayslla Priscylla , Souza Carvalho Melyssa , Das Dores Dias Oliveira Jaqueline 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de indivíduos intoxicados por causas externas no estado do Tocantins entre 2014 e 2019. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal retrospectivo, a partir de dados acerca de intoxicações exógenas entre os anos de 2014 a 2019, coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Agravos e Notificações. Efetuou-se análise das variáveis número de casos, sexo, faixa etária, agente tóxico, circunstância, município de notificação, classificação final e evolução. Resultados: Constatou-se 9140 casos notificados, sendo que o sexo masculino (57,71%) e as faixas etárias de 20 a 39 anos (36,55%) e de 1 a 4 anos (19,21%), foram os mais prevalentes. A cidade de Palmas apresentou a maior quantidade de notificações do estado (28,92%). A tentativa de suicídio foi a circunstância mais registrada (35,45%) e o agente tóxico primordialmente utilizado foram os medicamentos (40,07%), no entanto a maioria dos desfechos resultaram em cura sem sequelas(86,38%). Conclusão: A tentativa de suicídio foi o principal responsável por intoxicações, especialmente por ingestão de medicamentos, que ocorreram em jovens de 20 a 39 anos, demonstrando crescente preocupação dos profissionais da saúde frente ao uso indevido de medicamentos com a finalidade de autoextermínio, devido a sua letalidade e obtenção facilitada. O elevado grau de intoxicações em crianças menores de 4 anos se mostrou alarmante, uma vez que os casos presentes no estados se encontram elevados e cuja principal causa estão a curiosidade, falta de conhecimento e falta de supervisão.

Palavras chaves: Intoxicação; Tentativa de suicídio; Uso indevido de medicamentos; Substâncias tóxicas.
ARGUIÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA NO TOCANTINS DE 2016 A 2020 E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA SUA MITIGAÇÃO
Authors: Viana Maia Thiago , Soares Martins Gustavo , Leite Bitencourt Evandro , Rangearo Peres Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é definida como uma incapacidade do coração em bombear sangue adequadamente para todo o corpo para suprir as necessidades metabólicas do mesmo, também definida como síndrome de disfunção ventricular. Acredita-se que a IC seja a via final das cardiopatias de diversas etiologias. Nesse contexto, no Tocantins, essa tendência se apresenta nos últimos anos com uma incidência e prevalência crescentes e consideráveis, sendo importante a realização do estudo de análise epidemiológica da IC no estado. Objetivos: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico do perfil da IC no estado do Tocantins entre 2016 e 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de natureza descritiva, realizado por meio da coleta de dados anuais referentes ao período entre 2016 até 2020, no estado do Tocantins (TO), disponibilizado pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). Resultados: Há prevalência de casos em indivíduos do sexo masculino (59,13%) e também óbitos (53,84%) em pessoas desse gênero. A faixa etária mais acometida em relação às internações foi a de idosos (60 anos ou mais) com 75,11% e a maior prevalência de óbitos também foi nesse grupo etário com 83,07%. O estado registrou Taxa de Mortalidade (TM) de 10,59 sendo a Ilha do Bananal a região com maior TM (16,17) Conclusão: A arguição epidemiológica da Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) permitiu identificar prevalência de internações e óbitos em homens idosos (60 anos ou mais), sendo a falta de instrução e informação sobre a doença fatores potencializadores da mesma. O estado apresentou TM de 10,59. Assim políticas públicas e a pratica física são fundamentais para, ao menos, mitigar a problemática.
Palavras-chave : Insuficiência Cardíaca; Falência Cardíaca; Epidemiologia