bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in preterm neonates: Severely decreased drug clearance in the first week of life
Authors: Krzyzanski Wojciech , Stockard Bradley , Gaedigk Andrea , Scott Allison , Nolte Whitney , Gibson Kim , Leeder J. Steven , Lewis Tamorah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndomethacin is used commonly in preterm neonates for the prevention of intracranial hemorrhage and closure of an abnormally open cardiac vessel. Due to biomedical advances, the infants who receive this drug in the neonatal intensive care unit setting have become younger, smaller, and less mature (more preterm) at the time of treatment. To develop a pharmacokinetics (PK) model to aid future dosing, we designed a prospective cohort study to characterize indomethacin PK in a dynamically changing patient population. A population PK base model was created using NONMEM, and a covariate model was developed in a primary development cohort and subsequently was tested for accuracy in a validation cohort. Postnatal age was a significant covariate for hepatic clearance (CLH) and renal clearance (CLR). The typical value of the total clearance (CL, the sum of CLR and CLH) was 3.09 ml/h and expressed as CL/WTmedian = 3.96 ml/h/kg, where WTmedian is the median body weight. The intersubject variability of CLR and CLH were 61% and 207%, respectively. The typical value of the volume of distribution Vp = 366 ml (Vp/WTmedian = 470 ml/kg), and its intersubject variability was 38.8%. Half‐life was 82.1 h. Compared with more mature and older preterm populations studied previously, indomethacin CL is considerably lower in this contemporary population. Model‐informed precision dosing incorporating important covariates other than weight alone offers an opportunity to individualize dosing in a susceptible patient undergoing rapid change.
Robustness of decentralized decision‐making architectures in command and control systems
Authors: Boss Lewis N. , Gralla Erica L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrganizations use command and control (C2) systems to collect, organize, and disseminate information in order to make decisions, impart instructions, and manage resources to accomplish a mission. C2 agility and robustness are critical to ensure that a C2 system can perform well in a variety of environments. One system design principle, decentralization, has been closely linked to desirable system characteristics such as agility and adaptability, but its relationship to system performance robustness is not well‐established. In this study, we explore C2 system architectures—ranging from fully centralized to fully decentralized archetypes—to assess their performance and robustness characteristics across a spectrum of operating environments. While the centralized archetype achieves high performance in favorable environmental conditions, its performance quickly degrades when conditions worsen, hindering its overall robustness. Conversely, the decentralized archetype achieves a lower but more stable performance profile resulting in more robustness when performance requirements are lower. Finally, we explore alternative, hybrid architectures with varying degrees of centralized and decentralized decision‐making. We find that by centralizing only certain system‐consequential functions such as resource allocation, and decentralizing more focused decision functions which can be performed suitably with only local information and resources, system performance and robustness are improved beyond that of the simple archetypes.
Creating Obstacles to Progressivity: Task Expansion in Second Language Role‐Plays
Authors: Nanbu Zachary , Greer Tim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne way that language educators can extend a role‐play is by adding a complication to encourage the learner say more. This study uses multimodal conversation analysis to explore such obstacles to progressivity among Japanese learners of English at an experiential language learning facility. We first examine an interactional practice in which the educator orients to a learner contribution as misaligned and creates a role‐play‐specific basis for rejection that expands the sequence, draws attention to linguistic form, and realigns the learner's responses with the task. We then analyze a related practice in which the educator “feigns” a next‐turn display of misunderstanding to signal trouble located in some aspect of the learner's prior turn and thereby occasions the learner's reflection on possible pragmatic, syntactic or lexical issues with their contribution. The educators therefore create a temporary interactional barrier that the learner must overcome to progress the sequence. These practices allow the educators to emulate the way that mechanisms like repair, correction and rejection operate in mundane interaction beyond the classroom (i.e., “in the wild”) and offer insight into how unscripted role‐play tasks can provide opportunities for expanded L2 use.
Overview
Authors: Semple Tara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYoung adults and their conceptions and reactions to modernity, capitalism and consumerism constitute a fundamental building block to understanding society. Little sociological work has been done in the field of Hipsterism, although it can function as a paradigm for western, affluent societies. Drawing on qualitative research from two subsequent field stays in Berlin, this work utilizes Hipsterism to demonstrate contradictions of modernity, progress and counter culture in highly individualised societies, analysed through the lens of Modernity (Bauman/Giddens), Consumerism (Bauman), the New Spirit of Capitalism (Boltanski/Chiapello), and shows contradictions of urban space in reference to Lefebvre. Hipsterism demonstrates modes of identity, conceptions and a whole spectrum of activities with varying degrees of commitment. With tools such as conscious consumption, conversations and ethical or creative work within an intentional lifestyle, Hipsterism emerges as an attempt to navigate between individualism and collectivity and thus forms a kind of citizenship based on an imagined global 15 community that individuals empathize with and feel solidarity towards. Resulting from these circumstances are a variety of forms of action, while searching for better ways to contribute and engage at the same time. Attempts to try to construct spaces where milieus dissolve might fail in spatial practice, but the practices in sum still leave a trace in (consumer) culture. All these activities hint at the potential of transformative and negotiating power that Hipsterism could have.
Methodology and Methods
Authors: Semple Tara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Hipster as an ideal type does not exist as a sociologically identifiable form, but much rather as a discursive, vague and diffuse term. It is a typological term used in social and medial discourse to describe ideal types that differ greatly across various geographic and demographic discourses, and that have subtle but significant differences in meaning. One option is to look at what these definitions have in common, which would be difficult to achieve as there are so many discourses taking place and the term itself is indefinite.
From Individuality to Imagined Global Citizenship
Authors: Semple Tara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThus far we have understood the space of hipsterism within societal developments of the capitalist west, such as aesthetic capitalism and creativity, individualisation and tendencies such as Do What You Love in the New Spirit of Capitalism. The life course within hipsterism ultimately demonstrated the progression into more far reaching neoliberalism. We were able to map out hipsterism as a space shaped by some contradictions. One such contradiction is the respondents’ engagement in classic milieu formation and distinction, whilst showing that they find this very formation problematic and exclusive, but without effectively addressing it in everyday practice. Another contradiction is criticising modes of consumption, but engaging in very specific types of consumption as a distinctive feature of their milieu.
Moduli spaces of compact RCD(0,N)-structures
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Navarro Dimitri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe goal of the paper is to set the foundations and prove some topological results about moduli spaces of non-smooth metric measure structures with non-negative Ricci curvature in a synthetic sense (via optimal transport) on a compact topological space; more precisely, we study moduli spaces of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures. First, we relate the convergence of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures on a space to the associated lifts’ equivariant convergence on the universal cover. Then we construct the Albanese and soul maps, which reflect how structures on the universal cover split, and we prove their continuity. Finally, we construct examples of moduli spaces of $${{\,\mathrm{\textrm{RCD}}\,}}(0,N)$$

RCD

(
0
,
N
)

-structures that have non-trivial rational homotopy groups.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Touch Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section Biopsy and Their Comparison for Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bharath S. , Sharma Dhananjaya , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Shekhar Saket , Jha Chandan Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEvaluation of axillary lymph nodes after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer is mostly done by intra‐operative frozen section biopsy (FSB) and/ or touch imprint cytology (TIC). In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we have compared the accuracy of the two modalities.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched for articles comparing TIC with FSB. Articles were assessed for methodological and reporting quality. The main summary measures were pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, and diagnostic accuracy using bivariate generalized linear mixed models using random effects.ResultsFourteen studies were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for FSB were 78%, 100%, and 98.57%. For TIC, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 74%, 98%, and 98.37%. For both methods, visual inspection of summary ROC curves and of forest plots did not show significant heterogeneity.ConclusionTIC showed comparable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to FSB and hence can be used as its substitute as a rapid and economical test for the detection of axillary lymph node metastasis during SLNB especially in low‐resource settings.
Multivariate copulas with given values at two arbitrary points
Authors: Klement Erich Peter , Kokol Bukovšek Damjana , Omladič Matjaž , Saminger-Platz Susanne , Stopar Nik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopulas are functions that link an n-dimensional distribution function with its one-dimensional margins. In this contribution we show how n-variate copulas with given values at two arbitrary points can be constructed. Thereby, we also answer a so far open question whether lower and upper bounds for n-variate copulas with given value at a single arbitrary point are achieved. We also introduce and discuss the concept of an $$\mathbf{F}$$
F
-copula which is needed for proving our results.
Issues for patchy tissues: defining roles for gut-associated lymphoid tissue in neurodevelopment and disease
Authors: Abo-Shaban T. , Sharna S. S. , Hosie S. , Lee C. Y. Q. , Balasuriya G. K. , McKeown S. J. , Franks A. E. , Hill-Yardin E. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD; autism) often experience tissue inflammation as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet their underlying causes remain poorly characterised. Notably, the largest components of the body’s immune system, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), lie within the gastrointestinal tract. A major constituent of GALT in humans comprises secretory lymphoid aggregates known as Peyer’s patches that sense and combat constant exposure to pathogens and infectious agents. Essential to the functions of Peyer’s patches is its communication with the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intrinsic neural network that regulates gastrointestinal function. Crosstalk between these tissues contribute to the microbiota-gut-brain axis that altogether influences mood and behaviour. Increasing evidence further points to a critical role for this signalling axis in neurodevelopmental homeostasis and disease. Notably, while the neuroimmunomodulatory functions for Peyer’s patches are increasingly better understood, functions for tissues of analogous function, such as caecal patches, remain less well characterised. Here, we compare the structure, function and development of Peyer’s patches, as well as caecal and appendix patches in humans and model organisms including mice to highlight the roles for these essential tissues in health and disease. We propose that perturbations to GALT function may underlie inflammatory disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
Can drones save lives and money? An economic evaluation of airborne delivery of automated external defibrillators
Authors: Röper Johann W. A. , Fischer Katharina , Baumgarten Mina Carolina , Thies Karl Christian , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Fleßa Steffen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the most frequent causes of death in Europe. Emergency medical services often struggle to reach the patient in time, particularly in rural areas. To improve outcome, early defibrillation is required which significantly increases neurologically intact survival. Consequently, many countries place Automated External Defibrillators (AED) in accessible public locations. However, these stationary devices are frequently not available out of hours or too far away in emergencies. An innovative approach to mustering AED is the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), which deliver the device to the scene.

Methods
This paper evaluates the economic implications of stationary AED versus airborne delivery using scenario-based cost analysis. As an example, we focus on the rural district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Germany. Formulae are developed to calculate the cost of stationary and airborne AED networks. Scenarios include different catchment areas, delivery times and unit costs.

Results
UAS-based delivery of AEDs is more cost-efficient than maintaining traditional stationary networks. The results show that equipping cardiac arrest hot spots in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald with airborne AEDs with a response time < 4 min is an effective method to decrease the time to the first defibrillation The district of Vorpommern-Greifswald would require 45 airborne AEDs resulting in annual costs of at least 1,451,160 €.

Conclusion
In rural areas, implementing an UAS-based AED system is both more effective and cost-efficient than the conventional stationary solution. When regarding urban areas and hot spots of OHCA, complementing the airborne network with stationary AEDs is advisable.
Test of the FlashFREEZE unit in tissue samples freezing for biobanking purposes
Authors: Biskup Edyta , Schejbel Lone , de Oliveira Douglas Nogueira Perez , Høgdall Estrid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAvailability of molecularly intact biospecimens is essential in genetic diagnostics to obtain credible results. Integrity of nucleic acids (particularly RNA) may be compromised at various steps of tissue handling, and affected by factors such as time to freeze, freezing technique and storing temperature. At the same time, freezing and storing of the biological material should be feasible and safe for the operator. Here, we compared quality of DNA and RNA from biospecimens derived from different organs (breast, colon, adrenal glands, testes, rectum and uterus) frozen either using dry ice-cooled isopentane or with FlashFREEZE unit, in order to verify if the latter is suitable for routine use in biobanking. Implementing FlashFREEZE device would enable us to limit the use of isopentane, which is potentially toxic and environmentally harmful, whilst facilitate standardization of sample freezing time. We considered factors such RNA and DNA yield and purity. Furthermore, RNA integrity and RNA/DNA performance in routine analyses, such as qPCR, next generation sequencing or microarray, were also assessed. Our results indicate that freezing of tissue samples either with FlashFREEZE unit or isopentane ensures biological material with comparable expression profiles and DNA mutation status, indicating that RNA and DNA of similar quality can be extracted from both. Therefore, our findings support the use of the FlashFREEZE device in routine use for biobanking purposes.
Implementation of Trauma-specific Interventions in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Palfrey Nicola , Ryan Rosie , Reay Rebecca E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExposure to childhood adversity is a prevalent and pressing issue due to its established links with poor physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. High rates of adversity have been found within young people attending mental health services, and the provision of trauma-informed care and trauma-specific therapies are therefore essential within these services. Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based intervention with established efficacy amongst traumatised children and youth. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-specific therapy (TF-CBT) when implemented in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). Given that most youth receive care in community settings, it is important to determine whether treatments tested under controlled conditions can apply in the real world of clinical practice. Specifically, this study aimed to quantify the number and type of adversities reported by clients receiving the intervention; investigate whether the intervention is associated with improvements in participants’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, general mental health symptoms and functioning; and report contact with CAMHS at 3 months and 2 years post-treatment. Results showed that CAMHS clients were more likely to have experienced multiple traumatic events than single events, with 100% of clients experiencing suicidal thoughts. Treatment was associated with significant improvements in PTSD symptom severity and improvements in general mental health symptoms. Many clients received ongoing mental health support at the 3-month and 2-year follow-ups, reflecting the complex nature of their issues and the need for support to maintain gains achieved during treatment.
A validation study on the factors affecting the practice modes of open peer review
Authors: He Ying , Tian Kun , Xu Xiaoran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we conduct a validation study on the factors affecting the practice modes of open peer review. Taking the Open Access Journals (OAJ) in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) as the research objects, we crawled the internet to gather their relevant data. Based on the method of categorical variable assignment, a quantitative analysis was performed on the qualitative factors that affect the practice modes of open peer review. A multi-dimensional analysis chart is used to illustrate the relationships between the factors. Optimal scale regression modeling and discriminant analysis were also employed to reveal the degrees of influences by the factors. The public categories of “type of open peer review” and “reviewer identity” are closely related to each other. “Reviewer identity” has evident positive influence on “type of open peer review”, and the degree of influence is the highest. Therefore, “reviewer identity” is the primary and most crucial factor affecting open peer review practice modes. “Review report” and “order of review report and publication” are the secondary ones. Whether or not the identities of review experts are open has become the most important factor affecting the practice modes of open peer review. Transparent peer review is currently the most effective practice mode of open peer review. Technologies like block chain can be used to address the psychological uneasiness for the peer review experts who are concerned with privacy issues. The fact that most OAJs use “pre-publication review” shows that open peer review still plays the traditional role of “academic goalkeeper”. Publication of peer review reports actually helps peer review experts augment their reputation, which in turn practically promotes the development of open peer review.
Files are mental particulars: a rejoinder to the relationist challenge
Authors: Tałasiewicz Mieszko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper is a rejoinder to a challenge against the particularist version of the mental files framework (MFF) posed by the relationist approach based on the notion of content coordination [such as recent attempt by Rachel Goodman and Aidan Gray in (Noûs https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12354 (2020)]. Relationists argue that important explanatory goals of MFF: (1) could be achieved without positing files as mental particulars, as there is a relationist notion of content coordination at hand that can be aptly used for “filing without files”; and (2) should be so achieved, as there are difficulties that afflict the particularist approach to MFF and the relationist account is simply better. However, both claims should be rejected. The particularist approach to MFF, properly interpreted, would not get into the troubles it is accused of generating. Indeed, it is the relationist approach that gets in trouble. Specifically, it lacks resources for explanation of nuances, which can be easily accounted for in terms of particularist interpretation, and, furthermore, it lowers the interdisciplinary standing of the whole framework. The particularist version is therefore better.
Influence of Hot Band Annealing on Cold-Rolled Microstructure and Recrystallization in AA 6016
Authors: Cantergiani Elisa , Weißensteiner Irmgard , Grasserbauer Jakob , Falkinger Georg , Pogatscher Stefan , Roters Franz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of an intermediate heat treatment at the end of hot rolling and before cold rolling on Cube texture formation during the final solution annealing of AA 6016 is investigated. Three hot bands with different initial grain sizes and textures are considered: the first one without annealing before cold rolling, while the other two hot bands are heat treated at 540 °C for 1 hour in air before being cold rolled. One of the heat-treated hot bands was left to cool down in air and the other inside the furnace. Electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the cold-rolled specimens and crystal plasticity simulations show no difference in the amount of Cube remaining in the microstructure at the end of cold rolling for all three specimens. The initial grain size of the hot band has no influence on the Cube texture fraction left in the microstructure at the end of cold rolling for thickness reductions higher than 65 pct. Nevertheless, the grain size of the hot band affects the shape and distribution of the Cube grains left in the microstructure and the kernel average misorientation in the cold-rolled specimens. Moreover, the heat treatment decreases the intensity of the beta fiber components (Brass, Copper, and S) in the hot band and promotes the formation of a cold-rolled microstructure with a low kernel average misorientation. Both these factors lower the probability of preferential Cube nucleation during solution annealing and keep the Cube volume fraction after recrystallization below 10 pct, while it reaches 25 pct without intermediate annealing.