bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Micelles as Superior Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery: from Current Preclinical Surveys to Structural Frameworks
Authors: Wani Farooq Ahmad , Behera Kamalakanta , Patel Rajan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe designing of suitable carriers for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs is highly challenging for researchers. Solubilization of drugs is of immense importance for drug development since most drugs are water insoluble. Among various techniques employed for drug solubilization, the use of micellar solutions has been most common and prevalent for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs now a days. The application of miceller systems for drug carriers shows some significance than that of other alternatives. Micelles can reside for longer time to afford gradual accumulation in the affected area in the body and more importantly their sizes allow them to accrue in the regions with leaky vasculature. Moreover, micelles can be obtained in a simple and reproducible way and their use for drug delivery has avoided many potential risks associated with other injectable formulations. These molecular self‐assembled nanostructures solubilize the drugs and protect them from undesirable external environments. Hence it is necessary to have appropriate knowledge on the self‐assembly phenomena associated with surfactant drug mixtures before proceeding for drug delivery. This review highlights details about important phenomenon associated with micellar systems and their role in drug delivery.
Practical Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical and UnsymmetricalTetrakis(aryl/heteroaryl) Adducts Containing Polyconjugated Linkages
Authors: Hosseini Raziyeh , Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Mohammadiannejad Kazem 
Published: November 2022

Abstract3,3’‐((naphthalen‐2‐ylmethylene)bis(4‐methoxy‐3,1‐phenylene))dipyridineL5was assessed as a novelN,N‐bidentate TRAM‐based ligand in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. This air and moisture stable ligand was recognized as a promising alternative to the commonly used phosphine ligands. Thein‐situgenerated complex ofL5with CuI exhibited an excellent activity in cross‐coupling of aryl bromides with 4‐formylphenyl boronic acid and a pre‐selected library of formylated‐TRAMs and aromatic dialdehydes was prepared in good to high yields. A novel class ofbis‐triarylmethanes namelytetrakis(aryl/heteroaryl) adducts bearing biphenyl, terphenyl or quaterphenyl linkages were also synthesized efficiently through the sequential Friedel‐Crafts arylation of derived aldehydes under [P4‐VPH][HSO4] catalysis.
Use of optical coherence tomography otoscopy to overcome cerumen and other view obstructions during ear examination and assessment
Authors: Porter Ryan G. , Nolan Ryan M. , Novak Michael , Youakim Jon Paul , Shelton Ryan L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChildhood ear infections are highly prevalent and diagnosed with the otoscope, a simple tool that illuminates and magnifies the eardrum to subjectively assess color, translucency and presence of any middle ear fluid. Frequently, however, this view is obstructed by cerumen, complicating clinician assessment and appropriate and effective management. An optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐otoscope capable of capturing both depth‐resolved OCT images and digital color surface images was used to compare OCT against otoscopy for imageability and readability despite cerumen obstruction. Image data were collected from 26 human subjects and read by 12 blinded clinicians and 5 blinded OCT experts. An average of 64.6% of otoscopy views were obstructed. For cases with >75% otoscopy view obstruction, OCT imageability was 84.6%, while otoscopy imageability was 37.5%, excluding complete obstruction cases. OCT‐otoscopy is a promising technology to improve practical middle ear assessment despite the presence of obstructions that frequently render current diagnostic assessments ineffective.
Treatment of flurbiprofen overdose with therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog
Authors: Cambournac Maxime , Moumadah Yann , Berny Philippe , España Bernadette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, spayed, female boxer was referred after ingestion of 30 mg/kg flurbiprofen. Treatment included therapeutic plasma exchange in addition to conventional medical management. Therapeutic plasma exchange was efficient in removing flurbiprofen from the dog's plasma, with one complication being a transient face swelling. Despite three‐times lethal dose (LD50) intoxication, the patient fully recovered after transient azotaemia and proteinuria. This case presentation confirms that extracorporeal blood purification may be effective in treating a lethal consumption of flurbiprofen and may provide important resources for human and veterinary patient intoxication care, as flurbiprofen is widely used.
Red Emitting Cerium(III) and Versatile Luminescence Chromaticity of 1D‐Coordination Polymers and Heterobimetallic Ln/AE Pyridylpyrazolate Complexes
Authors: Youssef Heba , Becker Jonathan , Sedykh Alexander E. , Schäfer Thomas , Taydakov Ilya V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTen homoleptic lanthanide containing 1D‐coordination polymers, three heterobimetallic lanthanide/alkaline earth complexes as well as two alkaline earth complexes of the formula 1∞[Ln(2‐PyPz)3], [Tb2AE(2‐PyPz)8], and [AE(2‐PyPz)2(2‐PyPzH)2], Ln=La−Nd, Sm−Ho, AE=Ca, Sr, Ba were obtained by reactions of the lanthanide (Ln) and/or the alkaline earth metals (AE) with the ligand 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole. Organic melt based and/or solvothermal synthesis results in a redox reaction. The investigated compounds exhibit fair thermal stability up to 400 °C. The Ce3+ compound exhibits a bright and red 5d‐based broad band emission with a maximum at around 640 nm under UV excitation marking an example of a strong reduction of the exited 5d states of Ce(III). The co‐doping of the Gd‐containing coordination polymers with Eu3+ and Tb3+ allows for a shift in the chromaticity from the ion specific 4 f‐based emission colors close to white light emission and thus for a versatile tuning of the chromaticity. The co‐doping of Eu3+ with Tb3+ and vice versa shows metal‐to‐metal energy transfer (MMET) between 4 f‐levels of Tb3+ and Eu3+, which influences the tuning of the emission colour.
Predictive Modeling and Forecast Evaluation
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter is the core theoretical chapter on predictive modeling, forecast evaluation and model selection. The main problem in actuarial modeling is to forecast and price future claims. For this, we build predictive models, and this chapter deals with assessing and ranking these predictive models. We therefore introduce the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and, more generally, the expected generalization loss (GL) to assess predictive models. This chapter is complemented by a more decision-theoretic approach to forecast evaluation, it discusses deviance losses, proper scoring, elicitability, forecast dominance, cross-validation, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and we give an introduction to the bootstrap simulation method.
Bayesian Methods, Regularization and Expectation-Maximization
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes some techniques that use Bayes’ theorem. These are classical Bayesian statistical models using, e.g., the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for model fitting. We discuss regularization of regression models such as ridge and LASSO regularization, which has a Bayesian interpretation, and we consider the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The EM algorithm is a general purpose tool that can handle incomplete data settings. We illustrate this for different examples coming from mixture distributions, censored and truncated claims data.
Deep Learning
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe core of this book are deep learning methods and neural networks. This chapter considers deep feed-forward neural (FN) networks. We introduce the generic architecture of deep FN networks, and we discuss universality theorems of FN networks. We present network fitting, back-propagation, embedding layers for categorical variables and insurance-specific issues such as the balance property in network fitting, as well as network ensembling to reduce model uncertainty. This chapter is complemented by many examples on non-life insurance pricing, but also on mortality modeling, as well as tools that help to explain deep FN network regression results.
Decibel
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the topic decibel in a compact form. Decibel is defined as the ratio of two quantities, typically power, voltage, or current. In the field of EMC, the decibel must be understood. One advantage of decibels is that a gain of 10 dB means a gain of 10 dB for current, voltage, and power likewise. This fact helps to prevent misinterpretations and helps to simplify things. This is the main reason why EMC and high-frequency system engineers like to work with decibels.This chapter assumes that values of voltages V [V], currents I [A], power P [W], electric field strengths E [V/m], and magnetic field strength H [A/m] are given as root-mean-square (RMS) values.
Ankle fractures involving the anterolateral distal tibia: medium-term clinical results of 50 cases
Authors: Kroker Livia , Neumann Annika Pauline , Beyer Franziska , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The anterolateral distal tibial rim (anterior malleolus, AM) is frequently fractured in malleolar fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of malleolar fractures involving the AM.

Methods
Among 100 patients with AM fractures that were treated over a 10-year period, 50 patients were available for follow-up. Outcome was assessed with the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), the Foot Function Index (FFI-D), the EuroQol (EQ)-5D-5L Index, the EQ-VAS and the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score. Type 1 AM fractures (bony syndesmotic avulsions) were fixed surgically with either a suture anchor or a transosseous suture in 11 of 22 cases (50%). Among type 2 AM fractures (with incisura and joint involvement), 68% were treated surgically with screw fixation. All three type 3 AM fractures (anterolateral tibial plafond impaction) were treated surgically with either screw or plate fixation.

Results
At follow-up, the median OMAS was 75, the FFI-D 19, the EQ-5D-5L-Index 0.88, the EQ-VAS 70, and the AOFAS score 93. Assuming that the fracture severity increases from Supination–External Rotation to Pronation–External Rotation and Pronation–Abduction injuries, the AOFAS score (p < 0.001), OMAS score (p = 0.009), and FFI-D (p = 0.041) all showed a significantly inferior clinical outcome with increasing fracture severity. Patients who required surgical revision (n = 5) showed a significantly inferior outcome with the OMAS (p = 0.019).

Conclusions
A differentiated treatment protocol tailored to dislocation, size, incisura involvement and joint impaction leads to favourable outcomes in complex malleolar fractures involving the AM. More data are needed on the outcome of AM fractures that are still commonly underestimated and overlooked.
The impact of population-level HbA1c screening on reducing diabetes diagnostic delay in middle-aged adults: a UK Biobank analysis
Authors: Young Katherine G. , McGovern Andrew P. , Barroso Inês , Hattersley Andrew T. , Jones Angus G. , Shields Beverley M. , Thomas Nicholas J. , Dennis John M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Screening programmes can detect cases of undiagnosed diabetes earlier than symptomatic or incidental diagnosis. However, the improvement in time to diagnosis achieved by screening programmes compared with routine clinical care is unclear. We aimed to use the UK Biobank population-based study to provide the first population-based estimate of the reduction in time to diabetes diagnosis that could be achieved by HbA1c-based screening in middle-aged adults.

Methods
We studied UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 years with HbA1c measured at enrolment (but not fed back to participants/clinicians) and linked primary and secondary healthcare data (n=179,923) and identified those with a pre-existing diabetes diagnosis (n=13,077, 7.3%). Among the remaining participants (n=166,846) without a diabetes diagnosis, we used an elevated enrolment HbA1c level (≥48 mmol/mol [≥6.5%]) to identify those with undiagnosed diabetes. For this group, we used Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess the time between enrolment HbA1c measurement and subsequent clinical diabetes diagnosis up to 10 years, and Cox regression to identify clinical factors associated with delayed diabetes diagnosis.

Results
In total, 1.0% (1703/166,846) of participants without a diabetes diagnosis had undiagnosed diabetes based on calibrated HbA1c levels at UK Biobank enrolment, with a median HbA1c level of 51.3 mmol/mol (IQR 49.1–57.2) (6.8% [6.6–7.4]). These participants represented an additional 13.0% of diabetes cases in the study population relative to the 13,077 participants with a diabetes diagnosis. The median time to clinical diagnosis for those with undiagnosed diabetes was 2.2 years, with a median HbA1c at clinical diagnosis of 58.2 mmol/mol (IQR 51.0–80.0) (7.5% [6.8–9.5]). Female participants with lower HbA1c and BMI measurements at enrolment experienced the longest delay to clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our population-based study shows that HbA1c screening in adults aged 40–70 years can reduce the time to diabetes diagnosis by a median of 2.2 years compared with routine clinical care. The findings support the use of HbA1c screening to reduce the time for which individuals are living with undiagnosed diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Exome-based gene panel analysis in a cohort of acute juvenile ischemic stroke patients:relevance of NOTCH3 and GLA variants
Authors: Härtl Johanna , Hartberger Julia , Wunderlich Silke , Cordts Isabell , Bafligil Cemsel , Sturm Marc ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Westphal Dominik , Haack Tobias , Hemmer Bernhard , Ikenberg Benno David , Deschauer Marcus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Genetic variants are considered to have a crucial impact on the occurrence of ischemic stroke. In clinical routine, the diagnostic value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the medical clarification of acute juvenile stroke has not been investigated so far.

Material and methods
We analyzed an exome-based gene panel of 349 genes in 172 clinically well-characterized patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven, juvenile (age ≤ 55 years), ischemic stroke admitted to a single comprehensive stroke center.

Results
Monogenetic diseases causing ischemic stroke were observed in five patients (2.9%): In three patients with lacunar stroke (1.7%), we identified pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 causing cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Hence, CADASIL was identified at a frequency of 12.5% in the lacunar stroke subgroup. Further, in two male patients (1.2%) suffering from lacunar and cardioembolic stroke, pathogenic variants in GLA causing Fabry’s disease were present. Additionally, genetic variants in monogenetic diseases lacking impact on stroke occurrence, variants of unclear significance (VUS) in monogenetic diseases, and (cardiovascular-) risk genes in ischemic stroke were observed in a total of 15 patients (15.7%).

Conclusion
Genetic screening for Fabry’s disease in cardioembolic and lacunar stroke as well as CADASIL in lacunar stroke might be beneficial in routine medical work-up of acute juvenile ischemic stroke.
Modeling lactate threshold in young squad athletes: influence of sex, maximal oxygen uptake, and cost of running
Authors: Ji Sanghyeon , Keller Sebastian , Zwingmann Lukas , Wahl Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate: 1. The influence of sex and age on the accuracy of the classical model of endurance performance, including maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

), its fraction (LT2%), and cost of running (CR), for calculating running speed at lactate threshold 2 (vLT2) in young athletes. 2. The impact of different CR determination methods on the accuracy of the model. 3. The contributions of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, and CR to vLT2 in different sexes.

Methods
45 male and 55 female young squad athletes from different sports (age: 15.4 ± 1.3 years; $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

: 51.4 ± 6.8 $$\hbox {mL} \cdot \hbox {kg}^{-1} \cdot \hbox {min}^{-1}$$

mL
·

kg

-
1

·

min

-
1

) performed an incremental treadmill test to determine $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, CR, and vLT2. CR was assessed at a fixed running speed (2.8 $$ \hbox {m} \cdot \hbox {s}^{-1}
$$

m
·

s

-
1

), at lactate threshold 1 (LT1), and at 80% of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, respectively.

Results
Experimentally determined and modeled vLT2 were highly consistent independent of sex and age (ICC $$\ge$$
≥
0.959). The accuracy of vLT2 modeling was improved by reducing random variation using individualized CR at 80% $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

(± 4%) compared to CR at LT1 (± 7%) and at a fixed speed (± 8%). 97% of the total variance of vLT2 was explained by $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

, LT2%, and CR. While $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

and CR showed the highest unique (96.5% and 31.9% of total $$R^2$$

R
2

, respectively) and common (– 31.6%) contributions to the regression model, LT2% made the smallest contribution (7.5%).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate: 1. High accuracy of the classical model of endurance performance in calculating vLT2 in young athletes independent of age and sex. 2. The importance of work rate selection in determining CR to accurately predict vLT2. 3. The largest contribution of $$\dot{V}\mathrm{O}_{2}\mathrm{peak}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

and CR to vLT2, the latter being more important in female athletes than in males, and the least contribution of LT2%.
100. Krankenhaus erfolgreich zum Cardiac Arrest Center zertifiziert
Authors: Rott Nadine , Horriar Lina , Böttiger Bernd W. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungCardiac Arrest Center (CAC) sind zertifizierte Krankenhäuser, die zur Weiterbehandlung prähospital reanimierter Patientinnen und Patienten spezialisiert sind. In Deutschland finden Audits seit Ende 2018 statt. Unter dem Ziel eines bundesweiten, flächendeckenden Ausbaus konnte nun das 100. Krankenhaus als CAC zertifiziert werden. Auch in den neuen internationalen Reanimationsleitlinien 2021 wird die besondere Bedeutung von CAC im neu entwickelten Kapitel „lebensrettende Systeme“ hervorgehoben.
Infectious waste management in Japan: assessment of current trends in waste measurement and reporting in general and psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Negishi Ritsuki , Kawahara Kazuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfectious waste (IW) may include waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids, cultures of infectious agents from laboratory work, or waste from patients with infections. Accurate and standardized measurement is an important aspect of waste management. In Japan, data on infectious waste generated by hospitals are limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify the current status of infectious waste management and disposal in hospitals. To this end, data on the amount of IW generated and IW disposal costs from 54 public hospitals—25 general hospitals and 29 psychiatric hospitals—between April 2015 and March 2016 were analyzed. The results revealed the absence of a standardized unit of IW measurement, with 33 hospitals reporting IW in kilograms and 21 hospitals reporting it in liters. As expected, the amount of IW generated at psychiatric hospitals was significantly lower than that generated at general hospitals. The amount of IW produced correlated positively with the number of in-patients. Disposal costs varied not only by hospital type and prefecture but also across hospitals of the same type within the same prefecture. A system that consolidates IW data management using standardized units is necessary.
CORAA ASR: a large corpus of spontaneous and prepared speech manually validated for speech recognition in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Candido Junior Arnaldo , Casanova Edresson , Soares Anderson , de Oliveira Frederico Santos , Oliveira Lucas , Junior Ricardo Corso Fernandes , da Silva Daniel Peixoto Pinto , Fayet Fernando Gorgulho , Carlotto Bruno Baldissera , Gris Lucas Rafael Stefanel , Aluísio Sandra Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAutomatic Speech recognition (ASR) is a complex and challenging task. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the area. In particular, for the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) language, there were around 376 h publicly available for the ASR task until the second half of 2020. With the release of new datasets in early 2021, this number increased to 574 h. The existing resources, however, are composed of audios containing only read and prepared speech. There is a lack of datasets including spontaneous speech, which are essential in several ASR applications. This paper presents CORAA (Corpus of Annotated Audios) ASR with 290 h, a publicly available dataset for ASR in BP containing validated pairs of audio-transcription. CORAA ASR also contains European Portuguese audios (4.6 h). We also present a public ASR model based on Wav2Vec 2.0 XLSR-53, fine-tuned over CORAA ASR. Our model achieved a Word Error Rate (WER) of 24.18% on CORAA ASR test set and 20.08% on Common Voice test set. When measuring the Character Error Rate (CER), we obtained 11.02% and 6.34% for CORAA ASR and Common Voice, respectively. CORAA ASR corpora were assembled to both improve ASR models in BP with phenomena from spontaneous speech and motivate young researchers to start their studies on ASR for Portuguese. All the corpora are publicly available at https://github.com/nilc-nlp/CORAA under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
Aberrant dynamic functional network connectivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals
Authors: Lyu Wenjiao , Wu Ye , Huang Haoming , Chen Yuna , Tan Xin , Liang Yi , Ma Xiaomeng , Feng Yue , Wu Jinjian , Kang Shangyu , Qiu Shijun , Yap Pew-Thian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of recent brain imaging studies are dedicated to understanding the neuro mechanism of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. In contrast to efforts to date that are limited to static functional connectivity, here we investigate abnormal connectivity in T2DM individuals by characterizing the time-varying properties of brain functional networks. Using group independent component analysis (GICA), sliding-window analysis, and k-means clustering, we extracted thirty-one intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) and estimated four recurring brain states. We observed significant group differences in fraction time (FT) and mean dwell time (MDT), and significant negative correlation between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and FT/MDT. We found that in the T2DM group the inter- and intra-network connectivity decreases and increases respectively for the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN). We also found alteration in the precuneus network (PCUN) and enhanced connectivity between the salience network (SN) and the TPN. Our study provides evidence of alterations of large-scale resting networks in T2DM individuals and shed light on the fundamental mechanisms of neurocognitive deficits in T2DM.