bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance
Authors: Carbajal Melgar Esdras M. , Miller Grady L. , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Schwartz Brian M. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommon bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) is a widely grown warm‐season turfgrass species characterized by a dense, deep‐rooted canopy and high levels of traffic tolerance. However, most cultivars have poor shade tolerance, which limits the use of these grasses in partly‐shaded areas. The identification of new sources of genetic resistance to shade will expand the germplasm pool available to breeders for developing improved bermudagrass cultivars. In this study, 24 common bermudagrass accessions recently introduced from South Africa were evaluated for their ability to persist under shade. Entries were established in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Lake Wheeler Turfgrass Field Lab (Raleigh, NC) in the spring of 2019. Following full green‐up in summer 2020, entries were evaluated for performance under full sun, and then a 63% shade cloth was installed over the plots. Traits evaluated under shade included: turfgrass quality, turfgrass density, genetic color, ground coverage, turfgrass regrowth and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A turfgrass performance index (TPI) was calculated to identify the top performers across all traits. Under full sun, seven accessions had comparable performance with ‘Celebration’ and ‘TifTuf’ across traits. Under shade, ‘Stil03’, ‘Q 47620’, ‘TifGrand’, ‘WIN10F’, Celebration, and TifTuf exhibited the highest TPI. Accessions with superior shade tolerance identified in this study represent novel germplasm that can be used in future breeding efforts to improve shade tolerance in bermudagrass.
Prediction of the crystal structure and properties of energetic LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals: A theoretical study
Authors: Ji Jincheng , Wang Kun , Zhu Weihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe possible molecular packing of energetic LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals was simulated by Monte Carlo method. Then the crystal structure, electronic properties, intermolecular interactions, and detonation properties of the most stable LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals (LLM‐105:H2O2, LLM‐105:HNO3 and LLM‐105:HClO4) were systematically studied by periodic density functional theory. The effects of the oxidant molecules on the crystal properties of LLM‐105 were discussed. The type and number of hydrogen bonds increase in the cocrystals compared with the LLM‐105 crystal. The band gaps of the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals are larger than that of the LLM‐105 crystal. Besides, the oxidant molecules mainly contribute to the valence band maxima. In the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals, the O⋯O interactions increase from H2O2 to HClO4, while the H⋯O interactions weaken. The interactions of H⋯O, N⋯O, O⋯O, and C⋯O type interactions are the main driving force for the formation of the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals. The LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals have better detonation performance than the LLM‐105 crystal. Our results show that the cocrystals composed of the explosive molecule and oxidant molecules are very promising candidates for new energetic materials.
Towards the production of chlorine dioxide from electrochemically in‐situ produced solutions of chlorate
Authors: Monteiro Mayra Kerolly Sales , Moratalla Ángela , Sáez Cristina , Santos Elisama Vieira Dos , Rodrigo Manuel Andrés 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work focuses on the electrochemical production of chlorate solutions for direct use and integration in the manufacture of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), from the perspective of manufacturing portable ClO2 electrochemical generators.RESULTSChlorate production was evaluated from the oxidation of sodium chloride (NaCl) contained in brackish solutions (20 g L−1) and brines (200 g L−1) in single chamber flow electrochemical cells. Efficiency in chlorate ion (ClO3−) production increased with temperature and NaCl concentration, but the use of brackish solutions led to a higher quality product, as compared to the brines, with lower concentration of chlorine and hypochlorous acid. To evaluate the production of ClO2, samples corresponding to two different qualities of the electrogenerated solutions underwent stripping to exhaust chlorine, before being mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sulfuric acid. Results showed that using a chlorate solution obtained from the electrolysis of 20 g L−1 NaCl solution at 50 mA cm−2 and passing 57.35 Ah L−1, a maximum concentration of 33.3 mmol L−1 ClO2 could be attained, which corresponds to a maximum conversion of 48.75%.CONCLUSIONSEfficiency of the synthesis depends on both the purity of chlorate and the H2O2/ClO3− ratio. This confirms that in‐situ electrogenerated chlorate can be used to manufacture ClO2, but there are still many gaps to be overcome and further work must be carried out to optimize the production of the desired oxidant in a portable ClO2 device. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fall cover crop nitrogen uptake drives reductions in winter‐spring leaching
Authors: Sedghi Nathan , Weil Ray 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCover crops can reduce nitrate leaching after cash crop harvest. Despite widespread cover crop implementation, there has been a limited effect on water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We hypothesize that typical timing for Maryland cover crop planting after cash crop harvest is too late to allow roots to take up substantial nitrate from the soil profile before it is leached by winter drainage water. Across four site‐years (including sandy and silty soils), we compared various planting dates for a radish (Raphanus sativus L.)–crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)–triticale (Triticosecale) cover crop mixture. Also, across two site‐years we compared early‐planted pure rye, radish, and a three‐species mixture with no cover. We measured cover crop biomass and N content and used tension lysimeters to measure deep soil porewater nitrate concentrations. Cumulative nitrate leaching was calculated from these concentrations and weather‐based drainage estimates. Cover crops were planted on four dates over a 6‐wk period. Overall, cover crops planted first, second, third, fourth, and no cover crop (just weeds) resulted in 3,340, 3,160, 1,600, 303, and 164 kg ha−1 of biomass; biomass N accumulation of 65.5, 68.6, 44.0, 9.88, and 4.79 kg N ha−1; and mean porewater concentrations of 2.71, 2.57, 4.72, 10.0, 17.1 mg L−1 of nitrate‐N, respectively. Over two site‐years, the three‐species mix performed as well or better than pure rye or radish. Early planting altered cover crop species proportions, increased cover crop productivity, and reduced nitrate leaching from agricultural fields.
No difference in serum levels of B‐cell activating receptor and antibodies against cytolethal distending toxin B and flagellin in post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome after Giardia infection
Authors: Hanevik Kurt , Saghaug Christina , Aaland Maren , Morch Kristine , Langeland Nina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently occur as comorbid conditions to each other. A shared etiology of these syndromes has been proposed because of their shared symptomatology and triggering by infections. Antibodies against the bacterial antigens cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) and flagellin have been proposed to be biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), especially diarrhea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D). It is unknown if they may also be associated with comorbid conditions such as CFS. On the other hand, elevated level of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) has been associated with CFS and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and subjective food intolerance.MethodsWe evaluated serum levels of anti‐flagellin and anti‐CdtB using an in‐house enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and BAFF with a commercially available ELISA kit in a cohort of patients who developed fatigue syndromes and/or FGIDs after Giardia infection, by comparing them with healthy controls without these conditions.ResultsWe did not find significant differences in circulating BAFF, anti‐CdtB, or anti‐flagellin antibody levels in these patient groups compared to healthy controls. Therefore, our results do not support a role for BAFF, anti‐CdtB, or anti‐flagellin antibodies as universal biomarkers for IBS or CFS.ConclusionBAFF, anti‐CdtB, or anti‐flagellin antibodies cannot be considered as universal biomarkers for IBS or CFS.
Presurgical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indicators of Revascularization Response in Adults With Moyamoya Vasculopathy
Authors: L. Waddle Spencer , Garza Maria , Davis Larry T. , V. Chitale Rohan , R. Fusco Matthew , A. Lee Chelsea , Patel Niral J. , Kang Hakmook , Jordan Lori C. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMoyamoya is a progressive intracranial vasculopathy, primarily affecting distal segments of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. Treatment may comprise angiogenesis‐inducing surgical revascularization; however, lack of randomized trials often results in subjective treatment decisions.HypothesisCompensatory presurgical posterior vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) flow‐territory reactivity, including greater cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and reduced vascular delay time, portends greater neoangiogenic response verified on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at 1‐year follow‐up.Study TypeProspective intervention cohort.SubjectsThirty‐one patients with moyamoya (26 females; age = 45 ± 13 years; 41 revascularized hemispheres).MethodsAnatomical MRI, hypercapnic CVR MRI, and DSA acquired presurgically in adult moyamoya participants scheduled for clinically indicated surgical revascularization. One‐year postsurgery, DSA was repeated to evaluate collateralization.Field Strength3 T.SequenceHypercapnic ‐weighted gradient‐echo blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent, T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo fluid‐attenuated‐inversion‐recovery, T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared‐rapid‐gradient‐echo, and T2‐weighted diffusion‐weighted‐imaging.AssessmentPresurgical maximum CVR and response times were evaluated in VBA flow‐territories. Revascularization success was determined using an ordinal scoring system of neoangiogenic collateralization from postsurgical DSA by two cerebrovascular neurosurgeons (R.V.C. with 8 years of experience; M.R.F. with 9 years of experience) and one neuroradiologist (L.T.D. with 8 years of experience). Stroke risk factors (age, sex, race, vasculopathy, and diabetes) were recorded.Statistical TestsFisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were applied to compare presurgical variables between cohorts with angiographically confirmed good (>1/3 middle cerebral artery [MCA] territory revascularized) vs. poor (<1/3 MCA territory revascularized) outcomes. Significance: two‐sided P < 0.05. Normalized odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.ResultsCriteria for good collateralization were met in 25 of the 41 revascularized hemispheres. Presurgical normalized VBA flow‐territory CVR was significantly higher in those with good (1.12 ± 0.13 unitless) vs. poor (1.04 ± 0.05 unitless) outcomes. Younger (OR = −0.60 ± 0.67) and White (OR = −1.81 ± 1.40) participants had highest revascularization success (good outcomes: age = 42 ± 14 years, race = 84% White; poor outcomes: age = 49 ± 11 years, race = 44% White).Data ConclusionPresurgical MRI‐measures of VBA flow‐territory CVR are highest in moyamoya participants with better angiographic responses to surgical revascularization.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage4
Distinguishing different edge structures of graphene nanoribbons with Raman spectra, studied by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Yan Kun , Li Zhibing , Wang Weiliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe calculated the polarized Raman spectra (PRS) and angle‐resolved polarized Raman intensities (APRIs) of graphene nanoribbons with edges terminated by functional groups C=O and C‐O‐C, respectively, based on first‐principles calculations. The exist results of the hydrogen saturated edges are recalculated for comparison. Our results show that the edge structures could be efficiently identified by the PRS and APRI. The APRI can also identify the orientation of the graphene nanoribbons.
Long‐term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon dynamics in a rice‐ wheat system
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Singh Vinod K. , Upadhyay Pravin K. , Meena Amrit L. , Kumar Amit , Mishra Rajendra P. , Dwivedi Brahma S. , Shukla Arvind K. , Yadav Gulab S. , Tewari Rahas B. , Kumar Vaibhav , Kumar Ankur , Panwar Azad S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep soil carbon (C) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because it is more recalcitrant and remains in the soil for a longer period. Yet, very few studies have reported the impact of long‐term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in deep soil in a rice‐wheat system (RWS). Hence, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the long‐term fertilization impact on carbon sequestration and C pools in RWS in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. Application of 90 kg N, 20 kg P and 25 kg K ha−1 through mineral fertilizers (NPK) + green gram incorporation (GR) + 30 kg N ha−1 through farmyard manure (FYM) sequestered more C (25.86 Mg ha−1) in the 0–105 cm soil depth compared with mineral fertilizer alone (1.25 Mg ha−1). The C‐sequestration rate ranged between 0.61 to 1.23 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under treatments having organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, whereas it varied from 0.06 to 0.39 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the treatments receiving mineral fertilizer only. Total C and critical C input were 197 Mg kg−1 and 1.94 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively under NPK + GR + FYM treatment. Integrated application of mineral fertilizers and organics in treatments NPK + FYM, NPK + SPM (sulphitation press mud), NPK + GR, NPK + GR + FYM and NPK + CR (crop residue) resulted in higher sustainable yield index of RWS compared to mineral fertilizer alone. We conclude that application of organic material along with mineral fertilizers is essential to mitigate the atmospheric C load through C‐sequestration in deep soils and to attain sustainable RWS productivity in the IGP.
Weighted composition operators on Bergman spaces Aωp$A^p_\omega$
Authors: Arroussi Hicham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet ϕ be an analytic self‐map of the open unit disk , and let u be an analytic function on . The weighted composition operator induced by ϕ with weight u is given by for z in and f analytic on . In this paper, we study weighted composition operators acting between two exponentially weighted Bergman spaces and . We characterize the bounded, compact and Schatten class membership operators acting from to when and . To obtain this, we first get an important estimate for the norm of the reproducing kernel in and some new characterizations of Carleson measures. Our results use certain integral transforms that generalize the usual Berezin transform. In the case where and , we compare our criteria with those given by Kriete and MacCluer in [15].
Generation of Si@C/SiC@C core–shell nanoparticles by laser irradiation of silicon grinding waste
Authors: Minami Kanon , Kobinata Kyosuke , Yan Jiwang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the demand for lithium‐ion batteries has increased because of the global focus on carbon neutrality. Silicon/carbon (Si/C) composite nanoparticles have potential for application as high‐performance anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries, which can enable the widespread use of lithium‐ion batteries or lithium‐ion capacitors and contribute toward decarbonized society. In this study, Si@C/SiC@C core–shell nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 10–40 nm were produced by pulsed laser irradiation (wavelength = 1070 nm; pulse width = 10 ms) of a mixture of graphite powder and waste Si powder discharged from the grinding process of Si wafers. High‐speed camera observations of the laser‐induced plume were conducted to elucidate the nanoparticle generation mechanism, and it was determined that Si/SiC nanoparticles were formed within the laser‐induced plume in the early stage of laser irradiation. Si and C demonstrated different plume propagation patterns and plume decay times, and the time difference enabled the coating of the generated Si/SiC nanoparticles with a thin layer of graphene, forming core–shell hybrid structures. The electron diffraction results revealed that the generated nanoparticles were mainly composed of 3C‐SiC@C core shells, which is a novel nanomaterial with promising applications as anode materials for future lithium‐ion batteries.
Successful conservative management of pathological mandibular fracture resulting from chronic osteomyelitis in a 90‐year‐old woman
Authors: Ono Ryutaro , Amemiya Takeshi , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe report the successful conservative management of a pathological mandibular fracture resulting from chronic osteomyelitis in a super‐elderly patient.Case PresentationA 90‐year‐old woman was admitted because of an external dental fistula with purulent drainage. Radiographs showed extensive bone destruction in the mandible. Long‐term antibiotic therapy and chin cap immobilization resulted in satisfactory bone healing 1 year after treatment initiation, which suggests that a conservative approach is alternative or complementary to surgical resection for a mandibular fracture, especially in older patients at high risk of severe postoperative complications.ConclusionAs the population ages, the number of such cases will rise; therefore, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies must be developed.
Simple heuristics to run a research group
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCollaboration between researchers has become increasingly common, enabling a level of discovery and innovation that is difficult if not impossible to achieve by a single person. But how can one establish and maintain an environment that fosters successful collaboration within a research group? In this case study, I use my own experience when directing the ABC Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin. I first describe the heuristic principles for setting up a research group, including (i) common topic and multiple disciplines, (ii) open culture, (iii) spatial proximity, and (iv) temporal proximity. Then I describe heuristics for maintaining the open culture, such as setting collective goals, including contrarians, distributing responsibility, making bets, the cake rule, and side‐by‐side writing. These heuristics form an “adaptive toolbox” that shapes the intellectual and social climate. They create a culture of friendly but rigorous discussion, embedded in a family‐like climate of trust where everyone is willing to expose their ignorance and learn from the other members. Feeling accepted and trusted encourages taking the necessary risks to achieve progress in science.
Independent temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Liu Tinghong , Ding Jing , Zhang Shaohui , Wang Yangshuo , Xu Jinshan , Yuan Liu , Zhai Feng , Zhang Guojun , Liang Shuli 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare disease that involves multiple organs, including the brain; approximately 80%–90% of TSC patients exhibit TSC‐associated epilepsy. Independent temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), TSC‐unrelated epilepsy, is particularly rare in patients with TSC. Here, we describe three patients with TSC with independent TLEs that were confirmed by stereo‐electroencephalography (EEG), postoperative pathological findings, and seizure outcome at follow‐up. The patients were retrospectively enrolled at two centers; their ictal epileptiform discharge onsets were determined using electrode contacts in the hippocampus during stereo‐EEG. The three patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomies and remained seizure‐free at 1–5 years after surgery. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed hippocampal sclerosis in all three patients. Furthermore, postoperative intelligence quotient improvement was evident in one patient, while the quality of life was improved in two patients at 12 months after surgery.
Skeletal muscle proteome expression differentiates severity of cancer cachexia in mice and identifies loss of fragile X mental retardation syndrome‐related protein 1
Authors: Khamoui Andy V. , Tokmina‐Roszyk Dorota , Feresin Rafaela G. , Fields Gregg B. , Visavadiya Nishant P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics was used to examine protein expression in skeletal muscle from mice with moderate and severe cancer cachexia to study mechanisms underlying varied cachexia severity. Weight loss of 10% (moderate) and 20% (severe) was induced by injection of colon‐26 cancer cells in 10‐week old Balb/c mice. In moderate cachexia, enriched pathways reflected fibrin formation, integrin/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and innate immune system, suggesting an acute phase response and fibrosis. These pathways remained enriched in severe cachexia; however, energy‐yielding pathways housed in mitochondria were prominent additions to the severe state. These enrichments suggest distinct muscle proteome expression patterns that differentiate cachexia severity. When analyzed with two other mouse models, eight differentially expressed targets were shared including serine protease inhibitor A3N (Serpina3n), synaptophysin‐like protein 2 (Sypl2), Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (Idh3a), peroxisomal acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1), collagen alpha‐1(VI) chain (Col6a1), myozenin 3 (Myoz3), UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (Ugp2), and solute carrier family 41 member 3 (Slc41a3). Acox1 and Idh3a control lipid oxidation and NADH generation in the TCA cycle, respectively, and Col6a1 comprises part of type VI collagen with reported profibrotic functions, suggesting influential roles in cachexia. A potential target was identified in fragile X mental retardation syndrome‐related protein 1 (FXR1), an RNA‐binding protein not previously implicated in cancer cachexia. FXR1 decreased in cachexia and related linearly with weight change and myofiber size. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms associated with cachexia severity and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Synergistic Role of Model‐Independent and Model‐Dependent Approaches for Determining Size and Shape of Au Nanostructures Using SAXS
Authors: Vijay Aditi , Kaur Ashwinder , Vaidya Sonalika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to showcase the use of synergistic utilization of model‐independent and model‐dependent approaches for analyzing small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data to determine the shape and size of different nanostructures viz. spherical, nanorod, and core‐shell. Herein, different gold nanostructures viz. spherical, nanorod, and core‐shell are synthesized and analyzed using SAXS. First, the SAXS data are analyzed using Guinier law, PDDF (pair–distance distribution function) plots, double logarithmic plots, and electron density curves to get primary information about the size and shape of nanostructures. This information is utilized for choosing an appropriate model and initial input parameters for fitting the SAXS data. The observations obtained from SAXS studies are compared with transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. It is believed that this study will help in understanding the analysis of SAXS data using a systematic and synergistic approach of utilizing the two methods. It is believed that the study will further add to the understanding of the technique as an alternative approach for transmission electron microscopy.