bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis and kidney transplant patients
Authors: Ali Mahrukh , Dosani Dhriti , Corbett Richard , Johansson Lina , Charif Rawya , Kon Onn Min , Duncan Neill , Ashby Damien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn patients with chronic kidney disease the risk of developing Tuberculosis is increased, while the presentation is often atypical making the diagnosis more difficult. The aim of this study is to describe the presentation of Tuberculosis in dialysis and kidney transplant patients, including the range of diagnostic approaches and the utility of different sample types.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsIn this retrospective study, case records of dialysis and kidney transplant patients were reviewed, including all those treated for Tuberculosis between January 2009 and December 2020.ResultsOver 12 years, there were 143 cases of Tuberculosis in 141 patients (aged 17–86, 50.4% male). Tuberculosis was most common in Asian patients (64%) and those receiving hemodialysis (82%), particularly during the first year after dialysis initiation (54% of dialysis cases). Non‐pleural/pulmonary disease accounted 40% of cases, and non‐organ‐specific presenting features were prominent including fever, lymphadenopathy, and weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed microbiologically or histologically in 87 cases (61%), with low sensitivity observed for many types of samples including sputum (18%) and pleural fluid (12%). Higher sensitivity was observed with tissue samples including bronchoscopic lymph node aspiration (75%) and other lymph node sampling (92%). In the 52 cases where drug sensitivities were available, resistance to a first line treatment, most commonly isoniazid, was seen in 12 cases (23%). Furthermore, 1‐ and 5‐year survival from diagnosis were 78% and 61%, respectively. Baseline variables independently associated with poorer survival were age (OR 1.8 per decade, 95% CI 1.4–2.3), weight loss over 10% (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.5), and a non‐confirmed diagnosis (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1).ConclusionsTuberculosis is common in dialysis and kidney transplant patients, particularly during the first year of dialysis. Short‐term mortality is high, but the diagnostic sensitivity of many types of samples is low, so that diagnosis is difficult, with treatment often initiated without confirmation. These data highlight the importance of judgment and clinical experience with this complex patient group.
Endometrial neuroendocrine carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma are distinct entities with overlap in neuroendocrine marker expression
Authors: Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Kang Eun‐Young , Alex Deepu , Stewart Colin J R , McCluggage W Glenn , Köbel Martin , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: April 2022

AimsDedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (DDECs)/undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (UDECs) frequently harbour genomic activation of switch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF)‐complex proteins, and can show histological overlap with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). The aim of this study was to compare the extent of the expression of neuroendocrine markers, SWI/SNF proteins and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in DDEC/UDEC and NEC.Methods and resultsThe extent of expression of synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA4, SMARCB1 and MMR proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 44 SWI/SNF‐deficient DDECs/UDECs and 15 NECs. Thirty‐three of 44 (75%) DDECs/UDECs showed expression of at least one neuroendocrine marker, with 18 of 44 (41%) expressing two or more neuroendocrine markers, whereas all 15 NECs showed expression of at least one neuroendocrine marker, with 14 of 15 (93%) expressing two or more neuroendocrine markers. Neuroendocrine marker expression in DDECs/UDECs was typically focal when present, with average extents of 17%, 4% and 8% for synaptophysin, chromogranin and CD56 in the positive cases, respectively, in contrast to 73%, 40% and 62% in the positive NEC cases, respectively. All 15 NECs showed intact expression of SWI/SNF‐complex proteins, except for one that showed isolated loss of ARID1A. Thirty‐eight of 44 DDECs/UDECs were MMR‐abnormal (34 with loss of MLH1 and PMS2, and four with loss of PMS2 alone), whereas all NECs retained MMR protein expression.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates frequent but typically focal neuroendocrine marker expression in SWI/SNF‐deficient DDECs/UDECs, whereas NECs typically express two or more neuroendocrine markers, with diffuse expression of at least one marker. ARID1B, SMARCA4 and SMARCB1 immunohistochemistry can be used to aid in the differentiation between DDEC/UDEC and NEC.
The prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a population of patients with oculocutaneous albinism in Haiti
Authors: Hassan Shahzeb , Louis Shesly J. , Fethiere Myriam , Dure Danie , Rosen Jordan , Morrison Brian W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies have examined the prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). However, to date, no studies have examined this data in Caribbean populations.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional study of 106 patients with OCA who were seen at the Oculocutaneous Albinism Clinic in Port‐au‐Prince and Gros Morne, Haiti, between the dates of February 2017 and June 2018.ResultsIn our population, 31/106 (29%) patients were found to have NMSC, 10/31 (32%) had BCC, 12/31 (39%) had SCC, and 9/31 (29%) had both types of NMSC. The most common age groups were 31–40 years, with the overall range of ages being 18–63 years. Also, 60/106 (57%) of the patients had actinic keratoses (AK).ConclusionsOur study provides new data examining the prevalence of NMSC within a population of patients with OCA in Haiti. Overall, it shows that patients with albinism develop NMSC at an earlier age compared with the rest of the population. Therefore, appropriate skin cancer screening and surveillance should be implemented within this high‐risk population group.
Development of a prediction protocol for the screening of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in children with overweight or obesity
Authors: Oses Maddi , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Medrano María , Galbete Arkaitz , Miranda‐Ferrua Emiliano , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Sánchez‐Valverde Felix , Ortega Francisco B. , Cabeza Rafael , Villanueva Arantxa , Idoate Fernando , Labayen Idoia 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe early detection and management of children with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is challenging.ObjectiveTo develop a non‐invasive and accurate prediction protocol for the identification of MAFLD among children with overweight/obesity candidates to confirmatory diagnosis.MethodsA total of 115 children aged 8–12 years with overweight/obesity, recruited at a primary care, were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The external validation was performed using a cohort of children with overweight/obesity (N = 46) aged 8.5–14.0 years. MAFLD (≥5.5% hepatic fat) was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fasting blood biochemical parameters were measured, and 25 candidates’ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined. Variables potentially associated with the presence of MAFLD were included in a multivariate logistic regression.ResultsChildren with MAFLD (36%) showed higher plasma triglycerides (TG), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) and ferritin (p < 0.05). The distribution of the risk‐alleles of PPARGrs13081389, PPARGrs1801282, HFErs1800562 and PNLPLA3rs4823173 was significantly different between children with and without MAFLD (p < 0.05). Three biochemical‐ and/or SNPs‐based predictive models were developed, showing strong discriminatory capacity (AUC‐ROC: 0.708–0.888) but limited diagnostic performance (sensitivity 67%–82% and specificity 63%–69%). A prediction protocol with elevated sensitivity (72%) and specificity (84%) based on two consecutive steps was developed. The external validation showed similar results: sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 85%.ConclusionsThe HEPAKID prediction protocol is an accurate, easy to implant, minimally invasive and low economic cost tool useful for the early identification and management of paediatric MAFLD in primary care.
A‐site acceptor‐doping strategy to enhance oxygen transport in sodium–bismuth–titanate perovskite
Authors: Shih Duke P.C. , Aguadero Ainara , Skinner Stephen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSodium–bismuth–titanate (NBT) has recently been shown to contain high levels of oxide ion conductivity. Here we report the effect of A‐site monovalent ions, M+ = K+ and Li+, on the electrical conductivity of NBT. The partial replacement of Bi3+ with monovalent ions improved the ionic conductivity by over one order of magnitude without an apparent change of the conduction mechanism, which is attributed to an increase in the oxygen vacancy concentration based on an acceptor‐doping approach. The 18O tracer‐diffusion coefficient (D*) determined by the isotope exchange depth profile method in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry confirmed that oxygen ions are the main charge carriers in the system. Among these acceptor‐doped samples, 4% Li doping provides the highest total conductivity, leading to a further discussion of doping strategies for NBT‐based materials to enhance the electrical behavior, is discussed. Comparisons with other oxide‐ion conductors and an oxygen‐vacancy diffusivity limit model in perovskite lattice suggested that the doped NBT‐based materials might already have achieved the optimization of the ionic conductivity.
Implementation of diabetes care and educational program via telemedicine in patients with COVID‐19 in home isolation in Thailand: A real‐worldexperience
Authors: Harindhanavudhi Tasma , Areevut Chatvara , Sahakitrungruang Taninee , Tharavanij Thipaporn , Kietdumrongwong Pongtorn , Ngimruksa Orasa , Songsiri Patitta , Pitukweerakul Siwadon , Tanathornkirati Nattamon , Kaewprasert Natthapon , Thamcharoen Ruchirek , Karndumri Krittadhee , Saetung Sunee , Anthanont Pimjai , Kiattisakthavee Pornpimol , Putkong Sarapee , Chotwanvirat Phawinpon , Nartsupha Phattanasri Chorthip , Jinadit Srikorn , Korpaisarn Sira , Chusane Manusvinee , Samittarucksa Rattanapan , Lertrit Amornpan , Siangruangsang Sanguansak , Sanpawithayakul Kanokporn , Sathiravikarn Waraporn , Soisuwan Sataporn , Chevaisrakul Parawee , Imsakul Kanokporn , Thuptimtong Pinradakarn , Sakmanarit Jandanee , Somwang Supaporn , Prasartkaew Hussamon , Jerawatana Ratanaporn , Butadej Siriwan , Tachanivate Porntip , Jongjaroenprasert Wallaya , Sripatong Jeeraphan , Chobtangsilp Sunanta , Kamnirdsittiseree Pattraphorn , Savetkairop Benjaporn , Manosittisak Warot , Tantivatanasatien Jitra , Hathaidechadusadee Amornrat , Reutrakul Sirimon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in Bangkok led to a shortage of hospital capacity, and a home isolation system was set up. We described the process of diabetes self‐management education and support (DSMES) and glycemic management via telemedicine, along with outcomes in home‐isolated patients with COVID‐19 infection.MethodsA retrospective chart review of glucose values, insulin and corticosteroids use, and outcomes was performed.ResultsA volunteer group of 21 endocrinologists and 21 diabetes educators/nurses formed the consultation team. Patients with diabetes or at high‐risk of diabetes and receiving corticosteroids were referred by primary volunteer physicians. Glucometers and related supplies, and insulin were donated, and delivered via same‐day delivery services. A chat group of an individual patient/their caregiver, diabetes educator, endocrinologist, and primary physician was formed (majority via LINE® platform) to assess the patient's clinical status and need. Real‐time virtual DSMES sessions were performed and treatments were adjusted via smartphone application or telephone. There were 119 patients (1,398 service days), mean (SD) age 62.0 (13.6) years, 85.7% had a history of type 2 diabetes, and 84.0% received corticosteroids. Insulin was used in 88 patients; 69 of whom were insulin‐naïve. During the first 10 days, there were 2,454 glucose values. The mean glucose level on day 1 was 280.6 (122.3) mg/dL, and declined to 167.7 (43.4) mg/dL on day 10. Hypoglycemia occurred in 1.4% of the values. A majority of patients (79.5%) recovered at home.ConclusionDiabetes care and DSMES delivered via telemedicine to patients on home isolation during COVID‐19 pandemic was safe and effective.
High‐resolution otolith elemental signatures in eteline snappers from valuable deepwater tropical fisheries
Authors: Sih Tiffany Lorraine , Williams Ashley John , Hu Yi , Kingsford Michael John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMarine resources are often shared among countries, with some fish stocks straddling multiple Exclusive Economic Zones, therefore understanding the structure of populations is important for the effective management of fish stocks. Otolith chemical analyses could discriminate among populations based on differences in the chemical composition of otoliths. We used otoliths from two deepwater snappers (flame snapper Etelis coruscans and ruby snapper Etelis boweni) to examine the evidence for population structure across six Pacific Island countries using solution‐based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for otolith core and whole otolith samples and laser ablation ICP‐MS (LA‐ICP‐MS) for core and edge areas of a cross‐sectioned otolith. The inter‐species comparison of these methods is important as the two species are often managed under the same regulations. For both species, the two methods demonstrated separation among the locations sampled with high classification accuracy. Smaller laser ablation spot size gave greater temporal resolution over the life‐history transect. Comparing the early life‐history section of the otoliths (i.e., the core), one interpretation is that young fish experienced more uniform environments in the open ocean as larvae than adults, as the elemental fingerprints had greater overlap among multiple locations. LA‐ICP‐MS methods had some advantages over solution‐based ICP‐MS and generally better discrimination for the trace elements investigated. There were substantial differences between species, but both methods suggested nonmixing populations at the regional scale. Otolith chemistry can be an effective tool in discriminating variation for deepwater marine species in multispecies fisheries, and edge measurements from LA‐ICP‐MS provided the greatest resolution. Although caution should be taken in interpreting the results from relatively small samples sizes, otolith chemical analyses could be useful at these spatial scales to investigate population structure. This information on separate or overlapping populations could be used in future regional fishery management plans.
Protective effects of oral administration of mixed probiotic spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans on gut microbiota changes and intestinal and liver damage of rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Mazkour Somaye , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Basiri Sara , Namazi Fatemeh , Zarei‐Kordshouli Forough 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the intestinal lumen is a significant way to enter pathogens such as Salmonella, they face a dense microbiota in the gut lumen. This community confers health benefits. Probiotics enhance the colonization resistance and direct inhibition of pathogens, which are essential in reducing the incidence and duration of gastroenteritis and histopathological complications of enteric pathogens. In this study, the spores of two probiotic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans, were fed to rats for 3 weeks through their daily water intake. After that, Salmonella typhimurium was gavaged to the rats. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after gavaging, intestinal microbiota were evaluated, and on days 3, 5, and 7 after gavaging, gut and liver histopathological changes were also evaluated. Salmonella caused no changes in the spore and aerobic bacteria population compared to the control group, but it increased anaerobic and coliform bacteria and reduced lactic acid bacteria (LAB). But B. subtilis and B. coagulans reduced anaerobic and coliform bacteria and decreased the LAB population following Salmonella infection. Also, the histopathological evaluation showed that these probiotics attenuated the shortening and fusion of villi, mononuclear cell infiltration, submucosal edema, and epithelial necrosis in the intestine, hepatocyte degeneration, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver, which occurred due to Salmonella infection. B. subtilis and B. coagulans help the maintenance of the gut microflora population and reduce the histopathological effects when exposed to Salmonella, which causes the reduction of these pathogen's effects and early recovery.
Personality coherence as a personality dynamics‐related concept
Authors: Fajkowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtant theoretical models of personality coherence/incoherence do not sufficiently address the challenge of explaining personality coherence dynamics and the role of psychological mechanisms, including temperament and attention. To overcome these limitations, the Complex‐System Approach to Personality (C‐SAP) postulates that personality coherence is a within‐person structure that arises from the functional consistency/inconsistency between personality traits/types, underlain by specific attentional and temperament mechanisms that have integrative and regulatory potential. The dominant (reactive, regulative) function of stimulation processing in temperament types is the foundation for assessing personality coherence. This paper presents a revised, fine‐grained model of personality coherence—originally arising from the C‐SAP—that is enriched by a focus on personality coherence dynamics in relation to behavioral consistency. The methodological principles necessary for studying personality coherence dynamics are outlined in detail. This paper also addresses: (a) research methods for relating personality coherence/incoherence to behavioral consistency/inconsistency, and (b) situational contexts that are important to these personality dynamics. In addition, personality coherence dynamics in relation to the self and character and the impact of the C‐SAP assumption that behaviors are more stable than traits/types on the relation between personality coherence and behavioral consistency are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of glaucine after intravenous and oral administrations and detection of systemic aporphine alkaloids after ingestion of tulip poplar shavings in horses
Authors: Haughan Joanne E. , Missanelli Jaclyn R. , You Youwen , Stefanovski Darko , Soma Lawrence R. , Robinson Mary A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlaucine, an aporphine alkaloid with anti‐tussive, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐nociceptive properties, has been identified in post‐race samples from racehorses. To investigate pharmacokinetics of glaucine in horses, a three‐way crossover study of intravenous and oral glaucine (0.1 mg/kg) and orally administered tulip poplar shavings (50 g shavings = 0.001 mg/kg glaucine) was performed in six horses. A two‐compartment model best described IV administration with alpha () and beta () half‐life lives of 0.3 (0.1–0.7) and 3.1 (2.4–7.8) h, respectively. The area under the curve (iv) was 45.4 (34.7–52.3) h*ng/ml, and the volume of distribution of the central (Vdc) and peripheral (Vdp) compartments was 2.7 (1.3–4.6) and 4.9 (4.3–8.2) L/kg, respectively. A one compartment model best described the oral administration of glaucine with absorption () and elimination () half‐lives of 0.09 (0.05–0.15) and 0.7 (0.6–0.8) h, respectively. The area under the curve (PO) was 15.1 (8.0–19.5) h·ng/ml. Bioavailability following oral administration was 17%–48%. Following ingestion of shavings, glaucine and liriodenine were detectable in plasma for up to 16 and 48 h, respectively. Glaucine was quantifiable briefly in the urine from two horses. Liriodenine was quantifiable in urine for 12–20 h in four horses and for 48 h in two horses. The presence of liriodenine indicates ingestion of tulip poplar tree parts, however, does not rule out co‐administration of purified glaucine in horses.
Comparing surgical interventions for interstitial cystitis: A systematic review
Authors: Abelleyra Lastoria Diego Agustín , Raison Nicholas , Aydin Abdullatif , Khan Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to summarize and compare the efficacy among surgical interventions in terms of symptomatic relief in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The review protocol was published on PROSPERO. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist was followed. Following database search, a narrative synthesis was performed. Data pertaining symptom scores, pain levels, and voiding frequency following surgery were summarized by calculating percentage change in these parameters. Multiple surgical treatments were identified. These included injections of hyaluronic acid (HA), botulinum toxin A (Botox A), triamcinolone, resiniferatoxin (RTX), platelet‐rich plasma, and 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, neuromodulation, hydrodistension (HD), resection/fulguration of Hunner lesions, resection of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves, reconstructive surgery, and cystectomy. This review found no evidence suggesting that HD and RTX injections can ameliorate IC/BPS symptoms. Current evidence suggests that sacral neuromodulation, cystectomy, and transurethral resection/fulguration of Hunner lesions could lead to symptomatic relief in IC/BPS. Further research into the efficacy of Botox A, triamcinolone, 50% DMSO solution, and HA instillations is required. However, the best treatment options cannot be reliably stated due to the low level of evidence of the studies identified. Further research should report outcomes for Hunner‐type IC and BPS separately given their differing histopathological characteristics. Performing high‐quality randomized controlled trials could be hindered by the low prevalence of the condition and a small proportion of patients progressing to surgery.