bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head, Face and Neck Cooling as Per-cooling (Cooling During Exercise) Modalities to Improve Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Narrative Review and Practical Applications
Authors: Cao Yinhang , Lei Tze-Huan , Wang Faming , Yang Bin , Mündel Toby 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is well known that uncompensable heat stress greatly impairs endurance and team sport-related performance because an increase in the core temperature directly induces a greater magnitude of the central fatigue in the heat than in thermal neutral environments. Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to discover reliable cooling strategies for improving endurance performance and repeated sprint ability while exercising in the heat. Whole-body pre-cooling has been shown to improve endurance performance in both dry and humid heat. Despite this, the reduction in thermal perceptions associated with pre-cooling gradually narrows during intense exercise. Hence, effective per-cooling strategies to improve athletic performance in the heat are required. Unfortunately, due to practical issues, adopting pre-cooling approaches as a per-cooling (cooling during exercise) modality to improve athletic performance is impractical. Thus, we sought to examine the impact of head, neck and face cooling on athletic performance in heat. According to current evidence, cooling the head, neck and face reduced local skin temperature in the areas where cooling was applied, resulting in improved local perceptual sensations. In the heat, neck cooling during exercise improves athletic performance in both endurance and team sports athletes. Furthermore, from a practical standpoint, neck cooling is preferred over head, face and combined head/face and neck cooling for both endurance and team sport athletes in the heat. Nonetheless, for all athletes who have access to water, face cooling is a recommended cooling strategy. There is a lack of research on the systematic selection of per-cooling modalities to improve athletic performance based on environmental conditions and the nature of sports. In addition, powerful but portable head, neck and face cooling systems are urgently needed to assist athletes in improving their performance in hot conditions.
COVID-19 lockdown and natural resources: a global assessment on the challenges, opportunities, and the way forward
Authors: Muche Meseret , Yemata Getahun , Molla Eyayu , Muasya A. Muthama , Tsegay Berhanu Abraha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has an enormous effect on human lives and the global environment. This review aimed to assess the global scientific evidence on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on natural resources using international databases and search engines. Thus, the unprecedented anthropause due to COVID-19 has positive and negative effects on natural resources.

Main body
This review showed that the unprecedented pandemic lockdown events brought a negative impact on the physical environment, including pollution associated with a drastic increase in person protective equipment, deforestation, illegal poaching and logging, overfishing, disruption of the conservation program and projects. It is noted that the spread of pandemic diseases could be aggravated by environmental pollution and a rapid increase in the global population. Despite these negative impacts of COVID-19, the anthropause appear to have also several positive effects on natural resources such as short term reduction of indoor and outdoor environmental pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and CO2), reduction in noise pollutions from ships, boats, vehicles, and planes which have positive effects on aquatic ecosystems, water quality, birds behaviour, wildlife biodiversity, and ecosystem restoration.

Conclusion
Therefore, governments and scientific communities across the globe have called for a green recovery to COVID-19 and implement multi-actor interventions and environmentally friendly technologies to improve and safeguard sustainable environmental and biodiversity management and halt the next pandemic.
How microbiomes can help inform conservation: landscape characterisation of gut microbiota helps shed light on additional population structure in a specialist folivore
Authors: Littleford-Colquhoun B. L. , Weyrich L. S. , Hohwieler K. , Cristescu R. , Frère C. H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), an iconic yet endangered specialised folivore experiencing widespread decline across Australia, is the focus of many conservation programs. Whilst animal translocation and progressive conservation strategies such as faecal inoculations may be required to bring this species back from the brink of extinction, insight into the variation of host-associated gut microbiota and the factors that shape this variation are fundamental for their success. Despite this, very little is known about the landscape variability and factors affecting koala gut microbial community dynamics. We used large scale field surveys to evaluate the variation and diversity of koala gut microbiotas and compared these diversity patterns to those detected using a population genetics approach. Scat samples were collected from five locations across South East Queensland with microbiota analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results
Across the landscape koala gut microbial profiles showed large variability, with location having a large effect on bacterial community composition and bacterial diversity. Certain bacteria were found to be significantly differentially abundant amongst locations; koalas from Noosa showed a depletion in two bacterial orders (Gastranaerophilales and Bacteroidales) which have been shown to provide beneficial properties to their host. Koala gut microbial patterns were also not found to mirror population genetic patterns, a molecular tool often used to design conservation initiatives.

Conclusions
Our data shows that koala gut microbiotas are extremely variable across the landscape, displaying complex micro- and macro- spatial variation. By detecting locations which lack certain bacteria we identified koala populations that may be under threat from future microbial imbalance or dysbiosis. Additionally, the mismatching of gut microbiota and host population genetic patterns exposed important population structure that has previously gone undetected across South East Queensland. Overall, this baseline data highlights the importance of integrating microbiota research into conservation biology in order to guide successful conservation programs such as species translocation and the implementation of faecal inoculations.
Sums of finite products of Pell polynomials in terms of hypergeometric functions
Authors: Patra Asim , Panda Gopal Krishna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study sums of finite products of Pell polynomials and express them in terms of some special orthogonal polynomials. Furthermore, each of the obtained expression is represented as linear combinations of classical polynomials involving hypergeometric functions by means of explicit computations.
Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue accompanied with the reduction of CO2 by using carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber electrodes
Authors: Luan Nhat Huy , Yang Yu-Ting , Chang Chiung-Fen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye accompanied with the reduction of CO2 was performed in an electrochemical (EC) process by using carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber (CNTs/CFM) electrodes as the cathode and anode in a two-compartment electrochemical cell. The growth of CNTs on CFM via chemical vapor deposition led to the significant improvement in physicochemical properties of CNTs/CFM which were beneficial for the EC process. The effects of various operating parameters including supporting electrolytes (KHCO3 and H2SO4), initial concentration of MB (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L− 1) and applied currents (10, 50 and 100 mA) on the degradation of MB were investigated. The results confirmed the vital influence of applied current and initial concentration of MB while the supporting electrolytes played a minor role in MB degradation. On the contrary, the influence of electrolytes in the performance of CO2 reduction was more significant on the production and selectivity of generated products. The optimal electrochemical system included 0.1 M KHCO3 as the electrolyte and an applied current of 50 mA in anodic cell and CO2 saturated solution in cathodic cell; such a system resulted in the EC degradation efficiency of 72% at the MB initial concentration of 10 mg L− 1 in the anodic cell and production of 4.7 mM cm− 2 CO, 67 mM cm− 2 H2, and 11.3 mg L− 1 oxalic acid in the cathodic cell corresponding to the Faradaic efficiencies of 28, 40 and 4%, respectively. The results of reusability test deduced that the stability of CNTs/CFM was still satisfactory after 4 runs. The results of this study demonstrated the good applicability of CNTs/CFM to be simultaneously used the electrodes for the EC oxidation of dye and the EC reduction of CO2 to obtain valuable compounds.
The haustorium as a driving force for speciation in thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Lubbers Maarten , De Kesel André 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaboulbeniomycetes is a class of fungi that have obligate associations with arthropod hosts, either for dispersal (order Pyxidiophorales) or as biotrophic parasites (orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales). Here, we focus on Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales, which include fungi that form thalli, 3-dimensional, multicellular units of 1000 s of cells. Based on recently published data regarding patterns of speciation, we present the One-Host-One-Parasite model (1H1P) for haustorial thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes. We hypothesize that taxa with haustoria, rhizoidal structures that make contact with the host’s body cavity, have very strict host specificity. For taxa without haustoria, the microhabitat—as selected by the host—governs host shifting, presence or absence of the fungus, abundance, effective host range, and geographic distribution. We make suggestions for future research including fluorescent labeling of waxy lipids and mass spectrometry. These techniques have the potential to generate the data necessary to evaluate the here proposed 1H1P hypothesis for Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales.
Early CT and MRI signs of invasive fungal sinusitis complicating COVID-19 infection: case report
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abdel-Gawad Mohamed Said , Elabd Amr Magdy , Abed Walid Mohamed , Mahmoud Ayman , Gaweesh Tamer Yousry , Youssef Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Corticosteroids are usually prescribed for severe cases with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Despite their importance to decrease patients’ mortality, they can cause serious side effects like fulminant fungal infection that can damage lungs or invade the sinuses then rapidly spread to the orbit and even intra-cranially. Unless early diagnosed and properly managed, patients can lose their vision or die from cavernous sinus thrombosis or other intracranial complications.

Case presentation
A 71-year-old diabetic male patient presented with dry cough, fever, and dyspnea for 6 days. PCR test for COVID-19 was ordered and declared positive. The oxygen saturation on day 7 started to decline to reach 90%. Eight ampules of intra-muscular dexamethasone were prescribed. The patient’s dyspnea improved, and the oxygen saturation reached 94% by day 13. Oral prednisone was prescribed in a withdrawal protocol. Unfortunately, on day 15, the patient complained of mild left-sided cheek swelling and noticeably dropped left angle of mouth. Neurological consultation suspected facial palsy and asked for brain MRI examination. Limited lower cuts of the MRI study that covered the left maxillary antrum revealed mild fullness of the pre-maxillary fat planes with mucosal thickening. Complimentary dedicated MRI and CT cuts over the left maxillary sinus showed localized signs of invasive fungal sinusitis without orbital or intracranial complications. The patient received antifungal therapy even before evident endoscopic findings appeared. He underwent endoscopic debridement few days after and he had an excellent outcome without any progression or significant morbidities.

Conclusion
Early CT/MRI radiological signs of invasive fungal sinusitis that complicated COVID-19 infection aid in the diagnosis and proper timely management of this fatal disease.
Copper(II) Complexes of 10,20-Diaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin: Alternative Synthesis, Excited State Dynamics, and Substituent Effect on the 1O2-Generation Efficiency
Authors: Ochiai Hikari , Miura Tomoaki , Ikoma Tadaaki , Minoura Mao , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The synthesis, excited state dynamics, and substituent effect on the 1O2-generation efficiency of several copper(II) complexes of 5,15-diazaporphyrin (CuDAPs) bearing peripheral substituents are reported. 10,20-Diaryl-CuDAPs were prepared via a new method consisting of metal-templated cyclization and N-dealkylation as key steps. The effect of the β-substituents on the optical and redox properties of CuDAP was stronger than that of the meso-aryl groups, which can be explained by considering the characteristics of the HOMO and LUMO of the DAP ring. The excited state dynamics and 1O2-generation efficiency of CuDAPs were studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques; the electronic effect of the meso-aryl groups on the triplet lifetime and 1O2-generation quantum yield was relatively weak, whereas that of the β-(1-pyrazolyl) groups was appreciable. The analysis of the temperature dependence of phosphorescence spectra of 10,20-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-CuDAP allowed the energy gap between the excited trip-quartet and trip-doublet states to be determined. The relatively long triplet lifetimes of CuDAPs show their potential for future application as photosensitizers.
Meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness, and work engagement, among nurses at selected state hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Ilmalwa Werner , Hlatywayo Clifford Kendrick 
Published: January 2022

Background: Irrespective of the risk of stress and occupational hazards, health care practitioners, amongst them nurses, stay working in the health care system for years and some remain engaged with their work. Although there are many determinants of work engagement within organizations, the present study explored the association between meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness and work engagement.Material and Method: The self-determination theory was adopted to extrapolate the relationship amongst variables. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness and work engagement. The study sample comprised of 142 nurses employed at public sector hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze data.Results: The results showed a negative relationship between meaning of work and subjective happiness; meaning of work had no significantly relationship to satisfaction with life; Satisfaction with life was statistically related to subjective happiness; and a negative significant relationship between meaning of work and work engagement. Happiness and meaning of work had a significant relationship; work engagement was related to subjective happiness. Employee engagement accounted for a 15% variation to the relationship.Conclusion: Regular interactions with the nurses is necessary to have the opportunity to consider individual needs some nurses need extra training in certain procedures, job resources such as social support from colleagues and supervisors, performance feedback, skill variety, autonomy, and learning opportunities are advocated for.
Addressing implementation considerations when developing universal interventions for speech, language and communication needs in the ordinary classroom: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Gallagher Aoife , Murphy Carol-Anne , Fitzgerald Johanna , Law James 
Published: January 2022

Background: Understanding the factors that influence the implementation of health interventions in the context of education is essential to improving outcomes for children and young people with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). Yet implementation considerations have not been adequately addressed when developing interventions for this context. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a scoping review of existing implementation frameworks that might guide SLCN intervention research in schools. Methods: In accordance with scoping review guidelines, the proposed study will be conducted in phases: (1) identifying potentially relevant studies, (2) screening and selection of studies, (3) charting and extracting data from identified frameworks, (4) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (5) consulting with stakeholders. Two reviewers will conduct the screening and the data extraction phases independently. Identified frameworks will be collated, and described, and constructs from the frameworks will be categorised using domains from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A draft implementation science model will be proposed based on the findings of the scoping review. Conclusions: The findings of this review will provide guidance for researchers to begin to address implementation considerations when developing and facilitating the uptake of universal interventions for SLCN in the ordinary classroom, and ultimately can contribute towards improving outcomes for this vulnerable childhood population.
Visualisation of proteome-wide ordered protein abundances in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tinti Michele , Ferguson Michael A. J. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite and etiological agent of human and animal African trypanosomiasis. It has a complex life cycle, but the most studied cellular types are the in vitro cultivated bloodstream- and procyclic-forms. These correspond to the replicating, mammalian host bloodstream-dwelling, slender trypomastigotes and tsetse vector midgut-dwelling procyclic lifecycle stages, respectively. Several proteomics studies have reported the differential abundance of proteins between these in vitro cultivated cell types. However, there are no datasets providing protein abundance, from most to least abundant, within and between both cell types. Methods: We used MaxQuant software 1.6.10.4 to reprocess a recent large-scale proteomics experiment from our laboratory and extracted intensity-based quantifications of the bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes. Results: We created a web interface to visually explore protein abundances within and between the in vitro cultivated T. brucei bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes. Conclusions: The protein abundance visualization tool, searchable by protein name(s) and attribute(s), is likely to be useful to the trypanosome research community. It will allow users to contextualise their proteins of interest in terms of their abundances in the T. brucei bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes.
Visualisation of experimentally determined and predicted protein N-glycosylation and predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor addition in Trypanosoma brucei.
Authors: Tinti Michele , Ferguson Michael A. J. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of human and animal African trypanosomiasis. The organism cycles between its mammalian host and tsetse vector. The host-dwelling bloodstream form of the parasite is covered with a monolayer of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) that enables it to escape both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Within this coat reside lower-abundance surface glycoproteins that function as receptors and/or nutrient transporters. The glycosylation of the Trypanosoma brucei surface proteome is essential to evade the immune response and is mediated by three oligosaccharyltransferase genes; two of which, TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B, are expressed in the bloodstream form of the parasite. Methods: We processed a recent dataset of our laboratory to visualise putative glycosylation sites of the Trypanosoma brucei proteome. We provided a visualisation for the predictions of glycosylation carried by TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B, and we augmented the visualisation with predictions for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring sites, domains and topology of the Trypanosoma brucei proteome. Conclusions: We created a web service to explore the glycosylation sites of the Trypanosoma brucei oligosaccharyltransferases substrates, using data described in a recent publication of our laboratory. We also made a machine learning algorithm available as a web service, described in our recent publication, to distinguish between TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B substrates.
Intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw for stable and unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures
Authors: Grønhaug Kirsten M. L. , Dybvik Eva , Matre Kjell , Östman Bengt , Gjertsen Jan-Erik 
Published: January 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate if there are differences in outcome between sliding hip screws (SHSs) and intramedullary nails (IMNs) with regard to fracture stability. Methods We assessed data from 17,341 patients with trochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures treated with SHS or IMN in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register from 2013 to 2019. Primary outcome measures were reoperations for stable fractures (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) type A1) and unstable fractures (AO/OTA type A2, A3, and subtrochanteric fractures). Secondary outcome measures were reoperations for A2, A3, and subtrochanteric fractures individually, one-year mortality, quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension three-level index score), pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)), and satisfaction (VAS) for stable and unstable fractures. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) for reoperation were calculated using Cox regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Results Reoperation rate was lower after surgery with IMN for unstable fractures one year (HRR 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.97; p = 0.022) and three years postoperatively (HRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99; p = 0.036), compared with SHS. For individual fracture types, no clinically significant differences were found. Lower one-year mortality was found for IMN compared with SHS for stable fractures (HRR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.96; p = 0.007), and unstable fractures (HRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98; p = 0.014). Conclusion This national register-based study indicates a lower reoperation rate for IMN than SHS for unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, but not for stable fractures or individual fracture types. The choice of implant may not be decisive to the outcome of treatment for stable trochanteric fractures in terms of reoperation rate. One-year mortality rate for unstable and stable fractures was lower in patients treated with IMN. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):274–282.