bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The problem of designing a digital learning ecosystem for massive online courses (Estonian experience)
Authors: Soroko N. V. 
Published: September 2022

Research goals: analyze of the scientists experience of Estonia for the design of digital learning ecosystem for massive online courses and distinguish the main stages and tools for the design of massive online courses. Research objectives: define the basic concepts of the research “Digital learning ecosystem” and “massive online courses” according to the analysis of scientific publications of Estonia scientists; describe the main stages of designing digital learning ecosystem for massive online courses, based on the experience of foreign researchers, including Estonia; define the basic requirements to tools for creating digital learning ecosystem and provide examples of such tools. Object of research: lifelong learning. Subject of research: creation of digital educational ecosystem massive online courses for the development of teachers’ information and communication competency. Research methods used: analysis of scientific publications. Results of the research. The study found that the world’s educational systems become the relevance massive open online courses. These courses are characterized by mass production and distribution of knowledge that takes place in the context of open online education by using information and communication technologies, including cloud computing. For the implementation and effectiveness of these courses is necessary to create a special digital learning environment. Digital learning ecosystem is the result of a combination of network tools such as software, platform and other ICT users and their use by users with competences acquired through continuous use of these services in their daily and professional activities. The main conclusions and recommendations: 1. Massive open online courses are a significant solution for of the individual lifelong learning. Infrastructure such courses should provide maximum flexibility for the main activities of their members, in particular, practice, research, study. 2. The problem of designing massive open online courses can be solved through the creation of such digital learning ecosystem that will form a combination of network tools such as software, platform and other ICT users and their use with competencies acquired through continuous use of these services in daily and professional activities. 3. According to the analysis researches of Estonian scientists the digital learning ecosystem can be created through online tools that will support the creation of electronic educational resources, joint use of electronic educational resources the participants of the educational process, re-use of electronic educational resources the participants of the educational process, review and remixes all four components.
Productores citrícolas del Estado de Nuevo León, características, problemas y alternativas
Authors: Pantoja Zavala Gerardo Macario 
Published: September 2022

Español (España)
La presente investigación mantiene los siguientes objetivos: a) caracterizar a los actores más débiles de la cadena productiva de la zona citrícola de Nuevo León, previa ubicación dentro del esquema de representación de procesos; b) analizar el sector, desde la realidad productiva y con la información generada por estos actores a través del análisis de grupos focales, se creará un modelo para generar respuestas acerca de su fragilidad; c) Establecer mecanismos de incorporación hacia el sector agroindustrial, venciendo aquellas problemáticas cotidianas de los productores.
El principio consistió en entrevistar a 156 productores citrícolas bajo el enfoque teórico del Sistema Agroalimentario Localizado (SIAL), dicho enfoque fue fortalecido con la integración de los métodos cualitativo, cuantitativo y el contexto histórico. Con la información de campo los productores fueron identificados los, después fueron insertados en algunas tipologías creadas de acuerdo a sus semejanzas y diferencias, entre otros factores. Posteriormente, se construirá una matriz de fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas que representa las situaciones o problemáticas adversas, así como las alternativas encaminadas a fortalecer la cadena productiva. De esa manera generamos una alternativa para hacer del productor un ente estratégico con autogestión en la innovación para el campo. Del enfoque de análisis regional y recursos específicos se obtuvo una tipología de productores, resultando estrategias de asociatividad, vinculación agroindustrial, propuestas de transformación del intermediario en gestor sistémico, generación de gestión de riesgos en la toma de decisiones y una alianza prospectiva.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA COVID 19
Authors: Meliska Meliska , Zohriah Anis , Muizzuddin Mochammad 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kendala yang dihadapi serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan pada masa covid-19 di SMAN 14 Kab. Tangerang dan SMAN 26 Kab. Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang mengedepankan pencarian data berdasarkan apa yang ditunjukkan oleh apa yang diungkapkan oleh responden sepanjang data data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar, bukan angka. Analisis data dalam penelitian kualitatif dilakukan sebelum memasuki lapangan, di lapangan, dan setelah lapangan selesai. Analisis di tempat dilakukan untuk membangun fokus penelitian yang kuat melalui pembuatan pertanyaan analitis. Dan pada akhir analisis lapangan, peneliti merefleksikan pemikirannya terhadap fokus yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, kepala sekolah memegang peranan penting dalam penjaminan mutu, yang dipandang sebagai pemimpin, menjadi faktor sentral dalam menentukan arah keberhasilan akademik. Kedua, Penjaminan mutu pendidikan di SMAN 14 dan SMAN 26 Kab. Tangerang telah cukup maksimal dalam memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh warga sekolah, seperti membuat Visi dan Misi, menyusun program prota dan promes penjaminan mutu pendidikan selama covid-19, melakukan yang telah dibentuk, dan melaksanakan evaluasi, dan menyediakan minat bakat siswa dengan aktivitas – aktivitas ekstrakulikuler dibidang pramuka, futsal, bola hoki, PMR, dan Paskibra. Ketiga, Hasil yang diraih dalam kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam menjamin mutu pendidikan pada masa pandemi covid-19 di SMAN 14 dan SMAN 26 Kab. Tangerang adalah pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring tetap berjalan dengan baik, dan mampu mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang muncul pada saat pandemi covid-19 ini.
Hubungan antara Iklim Organisasi dengan Pengambilan Keputusan Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Suhayat Jajang 
Published: September 2022

Pengambilan keputusan dalam tingkatan sekolah, ada permasalahan dalam pengelolaan pendidikan, dimana disebagian sekolah masih memiliki tradisi bahwa pengambilan keputusan sepenuhnya berada ditangan kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan metode survey. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Kepala Sekolah Dasar Negeri di wilayah Kabupaten Tangerang sebanyak 600 kepala sekolah aktif. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 240 kepala sekolah, dipilih secara acak sederhana dari kerangka sampling berjumlah 600 kepala SDN aktif di kabupaten Tangerang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara iklim organisasi dengan pengambilan keputusan kepala sekolah, yang ditentukan oleh derajat kekuatan hubungan dalam bentuk koefisien korelasi dan koefisien determinasi.
Indigenous People’s Engagement in Sand Mining and Its Impact on their Economy, Health and Environment: The Case of Batak in Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Tajolosa Teresita D. , Tajolosa Ric A. 
Published: September 2022

Aims: To identify the impact of sand quarrying activities on the health, economy and environment of the Batak community whose people are dwindling in population. Further, the study aims to determine how the people demonstrate resilience in this face of economic adversity.
Study Design: Using a qualitative research design and an interview as data collection method.
Place and Duration of Study: Batak community in Sitio Mangapin in Barangay Langogan, Northern Puerto Princesa, January to June of 2019.
Methodology: We invited 20 adult Batak who were engaged in small scale quarrying at the time of the study. The purpose of the study was explained to them and they were invited to participate in interviews. Only nine males and eight females signed the informed consent. Seventeen members of the community became the respondents in the study. The informants’ age ranges from 25 to 52 years old, all are married and have children and all were participants in small scale quarrying being done in the community. Casual interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to collect data from the informants. Interviews were done individually and were recorded with permission of the informants.
Results: Data showed that families participated in the quarrying because of poverty but the engagement in hard labor impacts the health especially of the male workers in which 25 percent (of those interviewed) have acquired tuberculosis and persistent cough. About 50 percent of the women have acquired persistent back pain and loss weight. Observations yielded data on violations of the environment since the sand were taken not directly from the river but from the riverbank. Activities were found to be done on a large scale with trucks hauling from the river. While the Batak who were engaged in small scale mining, they were away the riverbanks in the process, creating large holes on the side which could potentially result in flash floods during rainy days.
Conclusion: the Batak are aware that the small economic benefits they acquire from participation in the quarrying do not outweigh the potential environment and health risks the community is exposed to in their engagement to this kind of work. Despite the awareness of the hazards posed by sand mining on their health and environment, the need to survive hunger and illness during the lean months and lack of government support had prompted the people to engage in small scale quarrying which could potentially worsen the damage being created by large scale sand mining already taking place in the river. Participation in small scale mining has become an adaptation strategy employed by the Batak workers to cope with economic difficulties.
Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Vegetable (Capsicum annum) Collected from Two Sampling Sites (Farmland and Dumpsite) and the Effect on Plant DNA
Authors: Adu A. A. , Aderinola O. J. , Ogbe A. A. , Giwa T. F. , Salaam I. O. 
Published: September 2022

The levels of heavy metals and their effect on the DNA of Capsicum annuum collected from dumpsite (in Ojota) and farmland (in Badagry) in Lagos, Nigeria, were examined using standard procedures.
The results of concentration of heavy metals in the soil for the farmland and dumpsite respectively are: Zn (882.0 ±0.006mg/kg, 14316.8±1.009mg/kg), Cr (2.006 ±0.002mg/kg,3.888± 0.002mg/kg), Cd (0.098 ± 0.001mg/kg, 0.644 ± 0.002mg/kg), Cu (0.206± 0.001mg/kg, 0.997 ± 0.001mg/kg) and Pb (0.005 ± 0.003mg/kg, 0.843± 0.002mg/kg) respectively. The values of N (3153.6± 0.008mg/kg, 4191.2± 0.006mg/kg), P (7598.3 ± 0.009mg/kg, 8794.5 ± 0.003mg/kg) and K (113.56 ± 0.004mg/kg, 532.12 ± 0.004mg/kg) were recorded in the soil from farmland and dumpsite respectively. While the values of N, P, and K in soil from dumpsite were higher (p<0.05) than that from farmland, the only value of Zn in the soil of dumpsite was significantly higher than in soil from farmland. Similarly, the values of all metals except Zn recorded in the leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum showed no significant difference between the sample collected from dumpsites and farmland. The values of Zn in leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum from farmland were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the dumpsite. The DNA bands of the Capsicum annuum from the control site have a clearer band spectrum than that from the dumpsite site, however, there was no DNA mutation. In conclusion, C. annuum collected from both farmland (in Badagry) and dumpsite (in Ojota) contained minerals and heavy metals whose concentrations were still within standard permissible limits. Thus, C. annuum from both sites is safe for human consumption.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and 4-aminobenzonitrile and its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes
Authors: Ado Ibrahim , Na’aliya Junaidu , Haleelu Mustapha M. , Sani Salihu , Zayyan Rabi S. 
Published: September 2022

The Schiff base derived from 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and 4-aminobenzonitrile and its corresponding Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, powder x-ray analysis (PXRD), conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. The mononuclear complexes have been obtained by liquid-assisted mechanochemical method. The Schiff base was synthesized in high yield > 90% with negligible waste. FT-IR study indicates a strong band in the spectra of the Schiff base at 1577 cm-1 assigned to azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration which shifted to new frequency regions in the spectra of complexes indicating the formation of the anticipated complexes. The Schiff base melted at 197oC while decomposition temperatures of the complexes were in the range of 265 - 300oC, signifying good thermal stability. Molar conductance values were in the range of 4.39 - 1349 Ω-1cm2mol-1, indicating non electrolytic nature of the synthesized complexes. Magnetic susceptibility measurement showed that Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are paramagnetic and exhibit magnetic moment in the range of 1.50 - 3.19 BM, the values correspond to the tetrahedral geometry. The relative percentage of the constituent elements (C, H, N) obtained from CHN analysis and calculated values using the proposed structures are similar and are in good agreement. The Schiff base and metal complexes were evaluated as agent for inhibiting growth of pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. The results indicated that metal complexes are more active compared to Schiff base ligand against the test organisms.
HBV Genetic Diversity and Transfusion Safety: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model
Authors: Maulot-Bangola Denis , Fokam Joseph , Mangala Christian , Nkoa Thérèse 
Published: September 2022

Background: Blood transfusion carry the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections. HBV genetic diversity and transfusion safety are concepts that are increasingly used in public discourse. However, how the concepts are used and how they are defined remains unclear. The objective of this study is to clarify the concepts emanating from the research project titled «Genetic diversity of HBV and its effect on the transmission risks in blood transfusion in Gabon» and to propose an integrative model of HBV genetic diversity-Transmission risks based on these results.
Methods: Three databases were used in the Quantitative analysis: Pubmed, Medline and Google Scholar. The researchers delimited the search to full articles in the databases. The eligibility criteria were based on published studies in English between January 2012 and December 2020, looking at the HBV genetic diversity and the transfusion safety. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A systematic review was performed on concepts and definitions. Eligible publications were reviewed using concept analysis that led to the extraction of text data for the themes “definition”, “attributes”, “antecedents”, “consequences”, and “related concepts”. The quantitative methods was used to quantify the associations between HBV Genetic diversity and transmission risk examined in the literature.
Results: A total of 2685 records were identified by primary and secondary search, of which 802 were retained after examination of titles and abstracts. A total of 144 (18%) publications were included in the review, 123 dealing with Hepatitis B Virus, 38 with Genetic diversity, 94 with Transfusion safety and 94 with Transmission risks were all coded. The final concept coding scheme contained 14 items, each with a satisfactory inter-author reliability score (r) (r ranging from 0.6 and 1), coding Hepatitis B Virus, Genetic diversity, Transfusion safety, Transmission risks, Blood donation-transmission risks, Demographic factors-transmission risks, HBsAg- transmission risks, Anti-HBc-transmission risks, Viral load-transmission risks, measurement errors- transmission risks, viral load-HBsAg, viral load-Anti-HBc, Sequencing-viral load, Genotype- transmission risks. In the resulting integrative model, the elements were mapped to different levels of care.
Conclusion: This integrated theory suggests a number of directions to improve the understanding of transfusion safety in the context of HBV genetic diversity, to speak the same language. It provides a basis for creating better measures and interventions in transfusion medicine.
In vitro potency and stability of fortified ophthalmic antibiotics
Authors: Md Mustafa Kemal Arıcı , Md Zeynep Sümer , Md Cenap Güler , Md Orhan Elibol , PhD Gülendame Saygı , PhD Salih Çetinkaya 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: This study evaluates the in vitro potency, stability and contamination of the fortified ophthalmic antibiotic preparations of cefazolin, vancomycin, gentamicin and tobramycin stored for 4 weeks. The effects of the different solvents and storage temperatures on the antimicrobial potency and stability were also examined. Methods: The fortified stock solution of cefazolin and vancomycin were prepared by reconstituting with 0.9% sodium chloride and with artificial tears. Gentamicin and tobramycin were prepared by adding parenteral forms into their commercial ophthalmic solutions. The antimicrobial potency was measured by the minimum bactericidal concentration for cefazolin (33.3 mg/mL) and vancomycin (31 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, and for tobramycin (13.5 mg/mL) and gentamicin (13.5 mg/mL) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The stability of solution was evaluated by measuring absorbance spectra and pH. During the study period the levels of contamination of the stock solutions were examined by culturing on blood and on Sabouraud‐dextrose media. Results: There were no differences in the antimicrobial potency of the cefazolin, vancomycin and tobramycin within the 4‐week period; however, the potency of gentamicin was decreased at both temperatures after 21 days. It was found that different solvents or storage temperatures had no effect on the potency. Throughout the 4‐week period, no change was found in the absorbance spectra of gentamicin and tobramycin, whereas the absorbance spectra of cefazolin and vancomycin stored at 24°C increased in both of the solvents used (P < 0.05). In all of the antibiotics, pH changed at 24°C after 7–10 days; however, at 4°C, only the pH of tobramycin exhibited changes after 14 days (P < 0.05). No contamination was detected in the stock solutions during the study period. Conclusion: Topical fortified antibiotic solutions used for longer than 7 days should be stored at ≤ 4°C, those stored at 24°C should be discarded after 7 days.
Treatment of Migraine With Rizatriptan: When to Take the Medication
Authors: Hu X. Henry , Raskin Neil H. , Cowan Robert , Markson Leona E. , Berger Marc L. , On Behalf Of The United States Migraine Study Protocol (USMA  
Published: July 2002

Objective.—To assess, in the setting of routine clinical practice, rizatriptan's effectiveness in treating acute migraine at its onset versus in a later phase of the attack.Background.—Although the efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan have been well documented in clinical trials, no information is available about the impact of the timing of medication use on clinical outcome.Methods.—Migraineurs were enrolled in a prospective study and treated with rizatriptan 10 mg for two migraine attacks. Patients reported how they used the medication and treatment outcomes via an interactive voice response system. Outcome variables assessed included: time to onset of headache relief, headache severity 2 hours postdose and whether or not patients became largely symptoms‐free (including associated symptoms), and when they were able to resume normal activities. Episodes in which patients took rizatriptan immediately after experiencing headache were designated “early use” and those in which patients delayed treatment until their headaches evolved to become moderate or severe were designated as “delayed use.” Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impact of early drug use and to control for age, gender, drug formulation, use of other migraine prescription medications before taking rizatriptan, attack sequence, migraine attack frequency, and recent migraine severity.Results.—A total of 1919 migraineurs with 3450 migraine attack episodes were evaluated, of which 1369 episodes were early use and 2081 delayed use. Compared to delayed‐use episodes, episodes wherein patients took rizatriptan early were 1.33 times more likely to be characterized by onset of headache relief within 30 minutes posttreatment (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.60), 1.32 times more likely to result in a largely symptom‐free state (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.57), and 1.34 times more likely to be associated with a return to normal activities (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58) within 1 hour posttreatment. No significant difference between early‐use and delayed‐use episodes was observed with respect to the likelihood of there being no or mild headache 2 hours posttreatment (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.24).Conclusions.—Whether taken at headache onset or later in the attack, rizatriptan was equally effective in relieving acute migraine headache by 2 hours postdose. Taking rizatriptan at the onset of headache was associated with more rapid relief of headache and reversal of functional disability.
The Difference in Perceptions of Educational Need Between Epilepsy Patients and Medical Personnel
Authors: Choi‐Kwon Smi , Yoon Sun Moo , Choi Mi Ri , Kang Dong‐Wha , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine what patients with epilepsy need to know about their condition, and to discern what differences exist between patients' perceptions of this need and the medical profession's perception of what patients should know.Methods: Seventy‐five consecutive patients with epilepsy and 56 medical personnel (residents and nurses) who were working in either Neurology or Neurosurgery Units were studied using a structured questionnaire consisting of 3 subsets with a total of 27 questions.Results: Using a Likert scale, epilepsy patients gave high priority to their need for more information about “how epilepsy is diagnosed,”“the structure of the brain” (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), and “the diet that might prevent the attack” (p < 0.05) than did medical personnel. Our study also revealed that men were more concerned with questions regarding smoking and drinking than were women (p < 0.05, respectively), whereas married patients gave higher scores in the category of employment (p < 0.01) and contraception/pregnancy (p < 0.05) than did unmarried patients. The patients with one or more seizures per month rated higher scores on questions concerning the first aid at the time of attack and dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; p < 0.05, respectively) than did the patients with fewer than one seizure per month. The patients taking poly‐AED treatment gave higher scores on six items related to AED therapy than did those receiving monotherapy. No significant differences were found with regard to the length of time patients had the condition, nor to educational level or current employment status.Conclusions: An educational program for epilepsy patients should be developed on the basis of understanding that there are differences in perspectives among patients with different sociocultural contexts as well as between patients and medical personnel.