bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid postorogenic cooling of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith foreland thrust belt and footwall Archean basement, Trans-Hudson orogen, Canada
Authors: Skipton* D.R. , St-Onge M.R. , Kellett D.A. , Joyce N.L. , Smith S. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Rapid midcrustal cooling (&gt;10 °C/m.y.) is typical of Phanerozoic orogens, but it is less commonly reported from Precambrian orogenic belts. Abundant new 40Ar/39Ar (predominantly plateau) dates reveal a period of late, rapid cooling following slow postpeak metamorphic cooling during the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith belt, a greenschist- to amphibolite-facies foreland thrust belt in the ca. 1.83–1.76 Ga Trans-Hudson orogen. We conducted 40Ar/39Ar step-heating analyses on biotite, hornblende, and/or muscovite from 38 samples sourced from the thrust belt and its footwall basement, the Archean Superior craton. The 40Ar/39Ar dates from the Cape Smith belt and re-equilibrated Superior craton ranged ca. 1948–1708 Ma in biotite, ca. 1801–1697 Ma in muscovite, and ca. 1764–1694 Ma in hornblende. Of these, ~70% were ca. 1740–1700 Ma plateau dates, which we interpret as cooling ages following Cape Smith belt metamorphism; gas-release spectra of older outlying dates exhibit characteristics of excess Ar. Following the metamorphic thermal peak, the belt cooled at slow rates of up to ~1 °C/m.y. until ca. 1740 Ma. Concordant biotite, muscovite, and hornblende cooling dates of ca. 1740–1700 Ma require fast, late cooling of the belt (≥4 °C/m.y.) through upper midcrustal levels (~500–300 °C), and they allow for very rapid cooling rates (≤200 °C/m.y.). Accelerated cooling rates may have been triggered by uplift in response to detachment of lower crust or subcontinental lithosphere, facilitated by the postcollisional relaxation of isotherms and structural uplift in basement-involved folds. In Superior craton basement, ca. 2704–2667 Ma 40Ar/39Ar hornblende plateau dates reflect undisturbed cooling ages following Neoarchean metamorphism, whereas younger and wide-ranging 40Ar/39Ar biotite dates (ca. 2532–1743 Ma) with variable gas-release spectra suggest spatially heterogeneous degrees of Ar resetting in biotite during Cape Smith belt tectonism. Partially reset 40Ar/39Ar biotite dates in the Superior craton up to ~100 km south of the belt suggest that the pre-erosional thrust wedge extended at least that far south, and that it imposed a widespread low-temperature (&lt;300 °C) and/or short-lived thermal overprint on the footwall basement. Integration of multimineral 40Ar/39Ar data with structural and metamorphic constraints for the Cape Smith belt indicates that modern-style postcollisional exhumation and rapid cooling were viable processes during the middle Paleoproterozoic.
Laurentia in transition during the Mesoproterozoic: Observations and speculation on the ca. 1500–1340 Ma tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian margin
Authors: Daniel Christopher G. , Aronoff Ruth , Indares Aphrodite , Jones III James V. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAn accretionary tectonic model for the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1500–1340 Ma tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian margin is presented. The tectonic model incorporates key observations about the nature and timing of Mesoproterozoic deposition, magmatism, regional metamorphism, and deformation across the 5000-km-long southern Laurentian margin. This time period was one of transition in the supercontinent cycle and occurred between the breakup of Columbia and the formation of Rodinia, and the southern Laurentian margin was a significant component of a much greater accretionary margin extending into Baltica and Amazonia and possibly parts of Antarctica and Australia. However, fundamental questions and contradictions remain in our understanding of the tectonic evolution of Laurentia and paleogeography during this time interval.
Tectonic evolution of the Devonian Hornelen basin of western Norway
Authors: Anders* Mark H. , Christie-Blick Nicholas , Templeton† John A. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The Hornelen basin is the largest of several Devonian terrestrial basins in west-central Norway. The basin is filled by alluvial fan and stream deposits eroded from the Caledonian highlands. These deposits form shingled strata uniformly east-dipping with a total accumulation of sediment of ~25 km, and that today stand in positive relief. The little-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are separated from the underlying Western Gneiss Region (WGR) and Scandian nappes (Lower, Middle, and Upper Allochthons) by the west-directed Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Zone (NSDZ). The basin’s origin has been debated for more than 50 years. In the 1960s and 1970s several workers ascribed the unusual thickness and longitudinal shingling of the strata to strike-slip deformation comparable to the late Miocene–Pliocene Ridge basin of southern California. However, the recognition of extensional mylonites beneath the basin led others to propose a different model (the scoop or supradetachment model) in which extension and basin filling were due to west-directed displacement on a low-angle normal fault. An examination of kinematic indicators on the brittle fault surface atop the NSDZ reveals consistently N-S motion suggestive of late out-of-syncline thrusting rather than west-directed extension. The purpose of this paper is to make the case for a return to the Ridge basin model for the Hornelen and Kvamshesten basins, overprinted by later north-south shortening. An ~100 km long strike-slip fault, the Bortnen fault, close to the northern margin of the Hornelen basin, may be the structure responsible for the basin’s development.
Clinical features and diagnosis of multiple myeloma: a population-based cohort study in primary care
Authors: Seesaghur Anouchka , Petruski-Ivleva Natalia , Banks Victoria Louise , Wang Jocelyn Ruoyi , Abbasi Ali , Neasham David , Ramasamy Karthik 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) experience significant delays in diagnosis due to non-specific symptomatology. The aim of this study was to characterise the frequency and timing of clinical features in the primary care setting prior to MM diagnosis.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingElectronic health records data of approximately 17 million patients (2006–2016) within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), no history of solid tumours and ≥2 years registration in a primary care practice prior to MM diagnosis.Main outcome measuresClinical features and symptoms including bone pain, skeletal-related events (SREs), investigation and confirmation of MM diagnostic CRAB criteria (hyperCalcaemia, Renal impairment, Anaemia, Bone lesions) during the 2 years prior to MM diagnosis; time between symptom manifestation and/or relevant investigation and diagnosis of MM.ResultsAmong 2646 patients with NDMM, 47.5% had a bone pain record during the 2-year period prior to MM diagnosis, mainly affecting the back. Regardless of baseline bone pain, investigations for serum calcium level were used in 36.4% of patients prior to MM diagnosis, followed by haemoglobin (65.6%) or renal function (74.1%). Median (Q1, Q3) time from first-recorded bone pain to MM diagnosis was 220 (80, 476) days. Median (Q1, Q3) time from first-recorded hypercalcaemia, renal impairment or anaemia to MM diagnosis was 23 (12, 46), 58 (17, 254) and 73 days (28, 232), respectively. An imaging investigation or referral for imaging was recorded for 60.0% of patients with bone pain/SRE and 32% without.ConclusionsNearly half of patients diagnosed with NDMM presented with bone pain approximately 7 months prior to MM diagnosis. Investigations to evaluate all CRAB criteria, including targeted imaging, were underused. Early recognition of myeloma clinical features and optimised use of investigations in primary care may potentially expedite MM diagnosis.
Trackability of distal access catheters: an in vitro quantitative evaluation of navigation strategies
Authors: Li Jiahui , Tomasello Alejandro , Requena Manuel , Canals Pere , Tiberi Riccardo , Galve Iñaki , Engel Elisabeth , Kallmes David F , Castaño Oscar , Ribo Marc 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIn mechanical thrombectomy (MT), distal access catheters (DACs) are tracked through the vascular anatomy to reach the occlusion site. The inability of DACs to reach the occlusion site has been reported as a predictor of unsuccessful recanalization. This study aims to provide insight into how to navigate devices through the vascular anatomy with minimal track forces, since higher forces may imply more risk of vascular injuries.MethodsWe designed an experimental setup to monitor DAC track forces when navigating through an in vitro anatomical model. Experiments were recorded to study mechanical behaviors such as tension buildup against vessel walls, DAC buckling, and abrupt advancements. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict track forces from the catheters’ design specifications.ResultsDACs were successfully delivered to the target M1 in 60 of 63 in vitro experiments (95.2%). Compared to navigation with unsupported DAC, the concomitant coaxial use of a microcatheter/microguidewire and microcatheter/stent retriever anchoring significantly reduced the track forces by about 63% and 77%, respectively (p<0.01). The presence of the braid pattern in the reinforcement significantly reduced the track forces regardless of the technique used (p<0.05). Combined coil and braid reinforcement configuration, as compared with coil alone, and a thinner distal wall were predictors of lower track force when navigating with unsupported DAC.ConclusionsThe use of microcatheter and stent retriever facilitate smooth navigation of DACs through the vascular tortuosity to reach the occlusion site, which in turn improves the reliability of tracking when positioning the DAC closer to the thrombus interface.
The effects of grinding and pelleting on nutrient composition of Canadian pulses
Authors: Cargo-Froom Cara L. , Newkirk Rex W. , Marinangeli Christopher P.F. , Shoveller Anna K. , Ai Yongfeng , Kiarie Elijah G. , Columbus Daniel A. 
Published: April 2022

Understanding the effects of processing pulses is required for their effective incorporation into livestock feed. To determine the impact of processing, Canadian peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans, plus soybean meal (SBM; as a comparison), were ground into fine and coarse products and pelleted at three different temperatures (60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 °C). Grinding increased crude protein content in all the pulses ( P < 0.05), but did not affect most amino acids (AA) ( P > 0.05). Pelleting increased crude protein content in Amarillo peas, Dun peas, and lentils ( P < 0.05), but decreased in SBM ( P < 0.05). Pelleting increased cysteine, lysine (Lys), and methionine, and decreased histidine and tyrosine (Tyr) in most pulses ( P < 0.05). Comparatively, pelleting significantly increased Lys and decreased Tyr content in SBM ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that processing can positively affect protein and AA content of pulses. However, specific effects on nutritional composition differed across ingredient type.
The plain and simple parquet approximation: single-and multi-boson exchange in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Authors: Krien Friedrich , Kauch Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The parquet approach to vertex corrections is unbiased but computationally demanding. Most applications are therefore restricted to small cluster sizes or rely on various simplifying approximations. We have recently shown that the bosonization of the parquet diagrams provides interpretative and algorithmic advantages over the original purely fermionic formulation. Here, we present first results of the numerical implementation of this method by applying it to the half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice at weak coupling. The improved algorithmic performance allows us to evaluate the parquet approximation for a $$16\times 16$$

16
×
16

lattice, retaining the full momentum and frequency structure of the various vertex functions. We discuss their symmetries and consider parametrizations of their momentum dependence using the truncated-unity approximation.

Graphical abstract
QLBT: a linear Boltzmann transport model for heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma of quasi-particles
Authors: Liu Feng-Lei , Xing Wen-Jing , Wu Xiang-Yu , Qin Guang-You , Cao Shanshan , Wang Xin-Nian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a new heavy quark transport model, QLBT, to simulate the dynamical propagation of heavy quarks inside the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our QLBT model is based on the linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model with the ideal QGP replaced by a collection of quasi-particles to account for the non-perturbative interactions among quarks and gluons of the hot QGP. The thermal masses of quasi-particles are fitted to the equation of state from lattice QCD simulations using the Bayesian statistical analysis method. Combining QLBT with our advanced hybrid fragmentation-coalescence hadronization approach, we calculate the nuclear modification factor $$R_\mathrm {AA}$$

R
AA

and the elliptic flow $$v_2$$

v
2

of D mesons at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. By comparing our QLBT calculation to the experimental data on the D meson $$R_\mathrm {AA}$$

R
AA

and $$v_2$$

v
2

, we extract the heavy quark transport parameter $$\hat{q}$$

q
^

and diffusion coefficient $$D_\mathrm {s}$$

D
s

in the temperature range of $$1-4~T_\mathrm {c}$$

1
-
4

T
c

, and compare them with the lattice QCD results and other phenomenological studies.
High-Efficiency and High-Quality Photogalvanic Etching of the Silicon Doped N-Type Gallium Nitride Using Potassium Peroxomonosulfate Oxidant
Authors: Guo Sai , Zhang Mingming , Qiao Liqing , Hu Huiqing , Shi Kang 
Published: April 2022

Photogalvanic etching, or photo-assisted electroless etching, is a simple wet-etching approach to fabricate n-type gallium nitride (GaN)-based devices without any external power supply. However, the current technology is far from practical because efficient etching can only be realized by a potassium persulfate (PS) oxidant/alkaline electrolyte system that inevitably bends the etching surface. In this study, we proposed and tested a new potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS) oxidant/weak acid electrolyte system for the photogalvanic etching of platinum (Pt) photo-mask patterned GaN wafers. A novel finding is that Pt can catalyze PMS decomposition in acids, predominantly generating singlet oxygen (1O2), whose onset reduction potential is 0.95 V higher than PS. Under 25.4 mW.cm2 ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, PS-driven photogalvanic etching of inert silicon-doped GaN (si-GaN) wafers is invalid, whereas the new system enables high efficiency and quality etching in 20 mM PMS + 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte (pH = 3.0). The etching rate reaches 12.0 nm.min−1, while the as-prepared groove bottoms have nanometer surface flatness, and the surface roughness (Ra) attains 5.25 nm (5 × 5 μm2). In summary, the PMS/weak acid electrolyte system makes photogalvanic etching is a promising practical technique.
Knowledge Discovery-Based Analysis of Health Factors of Urinary Infections in Elderly Cardiology Inpatients
Authors: Zhao Min , Pi Yan , Zhang Longbo 
Published: April 2022

A set of semantic similarity calculation methods combining full-text text and domain knowledge topics is proposed for the current study of entity association relations such as disease–gene in medical texts combined with topics in knowledge discovery, which is insufficient to reveal the deep semantic association relations of medical domain knowledge at topic level. Taking urinary infections in elderly inpatients as the research subject, word embedding representation of word vectors and topic vectors is performed by the TWE model, and similarity calculation is performed by combining text and domain knowledge topics based on Siamese Network framework. The urinary microbiological culture results of both groups were dominated by Escherichia coli, accounting for 34.65% and 47.92%, respectively; the use of antimicrobial drugs in the symptomatic urinary infection group was 94.19% higher than that in the asymptomatic bacteriuria group, 77.27% (

x

2

= 8.158,

P
=
0.004

).
Bridging the gap: assessing the effectiveness of rope bridges for wildlife in Singapore
Authors: Ow Sebastian , Chan Sharon , Toh Yuet Hsin , Chan Su Hooi , Lakshminarayanan Jayasri , Jabbar Sabrina , Ang Andie , Loo Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Roads that dissect natural habitats present risks to wildlife, creating gaps or barriers which animals have to traverse in order to move within and between their habitats. Restoring habitat connectivity can be achieved naturally by planting trees and vines to reconnect forest gaps, or artificially by creating culverts for small ground vertebrates, building overpasses for large terrestrial animals, or installing canopy bridges for arboreal fauna. The 3-km Old Upper Thomson Road borders the eastern side of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve in Singapore, and isolates it from neighbouring forest patches. To facilitate safe crossing for tree-dwelling animals such as the critically endangered Raffles’ banded langurs (Presbytis femoralis) along Old Upper Thomson Road, two rope bridges were installed. We monitored the use of these rope bridges by vertebrates from April 2020 to August 2021 through surveillance cameras attached on one end of each bridge. A total of 64 118 videos were processed, with 6218 (9.70%) containing vertebrates. Seven species, including three primates, two squirrels and two reptiles, utilised the bridges to travel between the forests. In particular, Raffles’ banded langurs made a total of 293 successful crossings. We have shown that these rope bridges are useful for arboreal species and can complement national efforts to restore connectivity in fragmented habitats.
Cutting in the Middleman: Learning from Ancient Chinese Contract Negotiation
Authors: Hsu Emma 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines contract negotiations in ancient China and then addresses how they have changed in modern China. First, the broad societal contexts of these two eras are examined and compared, as well as their legal systems. This is followed by a discussion of the court system and how middlemen can be leveraged as a “golden bridge” in forming agreements. The analysis contends that despite a comprehensive legal system, the best approach to negotiate with Chinese counterparts nowadays is to leverage its tradition of using middlemen to insert personal relationships that connect private agreements to public adherence. The role of the middlemen has neglected benefits that warrant reconceptualization as Chinese negotiation practices seep into modern international systems.
Combating Ocean Debris: Marine Plastic Pollution and Waste Regulation in Indonesia
Authors: Widagdo Setyo , Anggoro Syahriza Alkohir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Marine plastic pollution (MPP) is one of the major global environmental threats in the Anthropocene era that requires a coordinated legal response from local to international levels. This article explores how the Indonesian legal and institutional framework deals with MPP. Despite the diversity of existing instruments, Indonesia has not adopted all the necessary measures to prevent, reduce and control MPP from land and marine sources. Although progress at the national level to date has been relatively slow, some local authorities have recently taken the initiative to establish single-use plastics regulations, which offer promising prospects for MPP treatment in the future. Indonesia can only change its status as the second largest MPP contributor after China through a special law targeting plastic waste based on the life cycle of plastics and supported by consistent implementation.
From a Radical-Religious Movement to a Democratic Social Sub-Movement
Authors: Beidollahkhani Arash 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Sunnis in Iran are among the Muslim minorities with a specific internal, political, and social structure and relations. They play a significant role in Iran’s foreign and domestic policy. Many researchers have considered a link between the name of Iran and Shiism as well as the relations established by Shia groups in the Middle East. The paper aimed to examines and identify the internal relations and structure of Sunnis based on the characteristics of reform movements by focusing on Sunnis as a reformist social movement. This study identifying the internal structure and international interactions of the Sunnis in Iran based on two different political perspectives governing this minority. In addition, this paper considered the political orientation of the Sunni minority in Iran as an inclusive social movement and a social sub movement. As the Sunnis in Iran may represent an inclusive socio-religious movement with some radical tendencies, they can also be considered and analysed as a sub-movement related to the larger pro-democracy movement, due to their civic demands on the Shia regime ruling Iran.
The Political Function of Religion in Kurdish and Perso-Iranian Nationalist Confrontations after the 1979 Revolution
Authors: Mofidi Sabah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the early years (1979–1982) following the 1979 revolution, because of the prevalence of a traditional society, religion was politically more functional. Religious discourse became hegemonic and most groups, including secularists, were forced to use such a discourse to promote their politics. The Persian politicians used Islam to make Perso-Iranian nationalism dominant over others, while non-Persian politicians appealed to it to gain their ethno-national rights. Using Qualitative Content Analysis to analyse the scattered texts of speeches, interviews, messages of the Persian and Kurdish leaders published in different publications at the time (which are available in some archives and databases), this article describes how they use religion in their confrontations. The findings show both marginalisation and resistance against it appealing to Islamic discourse. Ignoring those parts of Islam that are not in their interest, the Persian nationalists use Islamic brotherhood and unity to reinforce Islamic identity over Kurdish identity in order to marginalise the Kurdish nationalist movement, as well as to mobilise ordinary people against the Kurdish forces. Conversely, the Kurdish nationalists resist, and demand equality as Muslim brethren. In this regard, while religion has uniting, mobilizing and legitimating functions for the Persian government, enabling it to pursue nationalistic aims and to justify relevant measures, it also partly has a legitimating one for the Kurdish opposition.