bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Mn-sod, PAL1, aos1 and HPL genes in soybean plants overexpressing the NmDef02 defensin
Authors: Morales Alejandro E. , Soto Natacha , Delgado Celia , Hernández Yuniet , Carrillo Leonardo , Ferrero Camilo , Enríquez Gil A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Plant defensins are a potential tool in crop improvement programs through biotechnology. Their antifungal action makes them attractive molecules for the production of transgenic plants. Information is currently lacking on what happens to the expression of defense genes in transgenic plants that overexpress a defensin. Here we show the relative expression of four defense-related genes: Mn-sod, PAL1, aos1 and HPL evaluated in two transgenic soybean events (Def1 and Def17) constitutively expressing the NmDef02 defensin gene. The expression of these defense genes showed a differential profile in the transgenic events, with the increased expression of the aos1 gene and the repression of the Mn-sod gene in both events, when compared to the non-transgenic control. Furthermore, the expression of the PAL1 gene only increased in the Def17 event. The results indicate that the changes occurred in the expression of defense genes in transgenic plants overexpressing the defensin NmDef02; did not have a negative effect on morphoagronomic parameters when compared to the non-transgenic control. Understanding the molecular changes that occur in these transgenic plants could be of interest in the short, medium and long term.
Demographics and Patterns of Injury in Patients with Sharp Penetrating Trauma admitted to a Greater Manchester Major Trauma Centre: A Retrospective Five-Year Study
Authors: McNamara John , Brkljac Milos , Bates Gregor , Satyadas Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Sharp penetrating trauma represents 4.1% - 6.9% of all major trauma cases in the UK. The incidence of Sharp penetrating trauma is rising, with 47,000 offences in England and Wales in 2019. There has been limited published data on the victims of sharp penetrating trauma.
Methods We performed a single centre retrospective case note review of patients admitted to an urban major trauma centre following an assault with a sharp object from 1st January 2014 to the 31st December 2018. Data was collected on demographics, injury pattern, management, and outcome.
Results In total, 686 patients were included in the study. There was a year on year increase of admissions with sharp penetrating trauma from 100 admissions in 2014, to 194 in 2018. The majority of patients were male, with a mean age of 31, and 73% of our patients were of Caucasian ethnicity. Patients presented most frequently on weekends (53%). The length of stay increased over the study period from 2.3 days in 2014 to 4.0 days in 2018. The thorax was the most commonly injured body region, involved in 29% of presentations, followed by the abdomino-pelvis (21%). 51% of patients presented with multiple injuries, and the average number of stab wounds per patient increased from 1.95 in 2014 to 2.40 in 2018.
Conclusions Our study has demonstrated the incidence and severity of sharp penetrating trauma is increasing in central Manchester. The authors advocate the creation of a national knife crime database to further the implementation of prevention strategies.
An in-depth Analysis on Four Classes of Antidepressants Quantification from Human Serum using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Fariha Ramisa , Deshpande Prutha Sameer , Rothkopf Emma , Jabrah Mohannad , Spooner Adam , Okoh Oluwanifemi David , Tripathi Anubhav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Depression is a growing global crisis, with females at a higher rate of diagnosis than males. While the percentage of patients on prescribed antidepressants have tripled over the last two decades, we are still at a crossroad where discrepancy lies between finding a drug to suit a patient and monitoring the abundance of it in the body to prevent unwanted side-effects. Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has garnered the attention of clinicians as a technique to accurately monitor therapeutic drugs in human serum with high specificity and accuracy. This may be a potential solution, but challenge persists in the realm of sample preparation where a method is automatable. We have developed and validated an LC-MS/MS-based assay for simultaneous quantification of 5-different classes of the commonly prescribed antidepressants in women, that is automated using a JANUS® G3 Robotic Liquid Handler. Our method utilizes a simple sample preparation technique, utilizing only 20 μL of serum sample, to accurately measure Bupropion, Citalopram, Desipramine, Imipramine, Olanzapine, Sertraline and Vilazodone across a range of 1.0 to 230 ng/mL. Our method exhibits a linearity of R2 ≥0.99 when detected in MRM mode, and % CV of ≤20% for all analytes across the board. In addition, we have designed a prototype that can be utilized at a clinical mass spectrometry lab, and we have assessed the long-term use of this prototype using an accelerated stability study. Overall, our developed method has the potential to be translated to clinical settings to monitor post-partum depression for large number of patient samples using automation.
Silibinin protects GLUTag cells from PA-induced injury via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Shi Xinyi , Zhang Luxin , Chu Chun , Zhang Xiaorong , Chen Na , Li Xiang , Liu Weiwei , Jiao Zixuan , Ikejima Takashi , Fanxing Xu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Silibinin is a natural extract exhibiting anti-diabetic effects. Lipotoxicty induced by excessive accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) leads to both insulin resistance and β cell insufficiency, which can trigger the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone mainly secreted from L cells, regulates insulin production and sensitivity, and protection of the functional GLP-1 producing L cells appears to be a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM patients. The current study aims to determine the protective effect of silibinin against palmitic acid (PA)-induced damage in L cell line GLUTag cells. In PA-treated GLUTag cells, silibinin was shown to decrease endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed PA-induced apoptosis, indicating that protective autophagic response was accompanied by apoptosis in GLUTag cells. Based on the estrogen-like effects of silibinin and the role of estrogen receptors in regulating glycolipid metabolism, the involvement of estrogen receptors in protective effects of silibinin in GLUTag cells were further determined. The results showed estrogen receptor α and β-specific inhibitors reversed the inhibitory impact of silibinin on ER stress. Our study demonstrated that silibinin protects GLUTag cells from PA-induced injury by decreasing ER stress under the regulation of estrogen receptor α and β.
Groundwater recharge distribution due to snow cover in shortage conditions (2019-22) on the Gran Sasso carbonate aquifer (Central Italy)
Authors: Lorenzi Valeria , Barberio Marino Domenico , Sbarbati Chiara , Petitta Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aquifer recharge by the snowpack is relevant to be assessed in order to evaluate groundwater availability in mountainous karst regions. The recharge due to snowpack in the Gran Sasso aquifer has previously been estimated through an empirical approach using elevation gradients. To validate and quantify the coverage and persistence of the snowpack over time through an objective method, satellite images have been analysed. The Campo Imperatore plain, the endorheic basin acting as a preferential recharge area of the aquifer, plays an important role, both for the snow cover and also for the infiltration and recharge of single springs. The identification of recharge areas has been validated by the stable isotope approach with the assessment of Computed Isotope Recharge Elevation based on the values and oscillations of the δ¹⁸O isotope recorded at the springs. The main findings confirm the high infiltration rate of Campo Imperatore plain and its direct influence on snow contribution to aquifer recharge. The extension of snow coverage out of this plain has a minor influence to recharge, highlighting that the main drivers for infiltration rate are karstic forms more than snow coverage on carbonate outcrops.
Machine Learning Application for Predicting Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
Authors: Issabakhsh Mona , Sánchez-Romero Luz M. , Le Thuy T. T. , Liber Alex , Tan Jiale , Li Yameng , Meza Rafael , Mendez David , Levy David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Identifying determinants of smoking cessation is critical for developing optimal cessation treatments and interventions. Machine learning (ML) is becoming more prevalent for smoking cessation success prediction in treatment programs. However, only individuals with an intention to quit participate in such programs, which limits the generalizability of the results. This study applies data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), a United States longitudinal nationally representative survey, to select primary determinants of smoking cessation and to train ML classification models for predicting smoking cessation among the general population. An analytical sample of 9,281 adult current established smokers from the PATH survey wave 1 was used to develop classification models to predict smoking cessation by wave 2. Random forest and gradient boosting machines were applied for variable selection, and the SHapley Additive explanation method was used to show the effect direction of the top-ranked variables. The final model predicted wave 2 smoking cessation for current established smokers in wave 1 with an accuracy of 72% in the test dataset. The validation results showed that a similar model could predict wave 3 smoking cessation of wave 2 smokers with an accuracy of 70%. Our analysis indicated that more past 30 days e-cigarette use at the time of quitting, fewer past 30 days cigarette use before quitting, ages older than 18 at smoking initiation, fewer years of smoking, poly tobacco past 30-days use before quitting, and higher BMI resulted in higher chances of cigarette cessation for adult smokers in the US.
Hepatoprotective effect of Pinostrobin against Thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats
Authors: Shareef Suhayla Hamad , Jabbar Ahmed Aj. , Al-Medhtiy Morteta H. , Aziz Peshawa Yunis , Abdulla Mahmood A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Pinostrobin was used in traditional medication for management of numerous syndromes. In the current study, histology, immunohistochemistry, and hepatoprotection effects of Pinostrobin were assessed against thioacetamide (TAA) hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty rats were arbitrarily separated into five groups. Group 1 was intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with distilled water 3 times/week and fed (po) daily with 10% Tween 20 for 2 months. Group 2-5 were i.p. injected with 200 mg/kg TAA thrice weekly for 8 weeks and fed with 10% Tween 20, 50 mg/kg silymarin, 30 and 60 mg/kg of Pinostrobin daily for 8 weeks, respectively.
Experimental groups fed groups showed that Pinostrobin significant reduction in liver index and hepatocyte proliferation with much lesser cell injury. These groups were significantly down-regulated the PCNA and α-SMA. The liver homogenate exhibited increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities accompanied with decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The serum level of bilirubin, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) were restored to normal and were comparable to that normal control and silymarin with TAA treated groups.
The hepatotoxic group showed a signiﬁcant rise in serum liver biochemical markers together with a considerable decrease in protein and albumin level compared to the normal group. The hepatotoxic group displayed decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities while increased lipid peroxidation.
Pinostrobin decreased level of TNF-a, IL-6 and increased the level of IL-10. Acute toxicity with a higher dose of 500 mg/kg Pinostrobin did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats.
Macroscopy of hepatotoxic liver exhibited irregular, rough surface with micro and macro nodule. Histopathology stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson Trichrome showed there was inflammation and infiltration of lymphocytes, focal necrosis, fibrosis, and bile duct propagation. Pinostrobin fed group had expressively reduced TAA toxicity in gross and histology as designated by fewer disturbances of hepatic tissue, slight fibrosis, and low-grade cells infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining designated that pinostrobin significantly down-regulated the expression of proliferation cellular nucleus antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in theliver. Thus, the findings of this study presented that the hepatoprotective effect of this plant may be due to a reduction in toxicity, inhibition of hepatocytes proliferation, down-regulation of PCNA and α-SMA, decreased enzyme markers, and increased protein and albumin increased endogenous enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation level.
Deciphering the impact of Mutations in the RBD of the Omicron Variant (BA.2) with Medicinal compound to disrupt the RBD-hACE2 complex using computational approaches
Authors: Akter Shahina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Human health and the economy have been greatly affected by COVID-19 emergence, that originated from SARS-CoV-2. Just after the very first case of COVID-19 emerged, a number of variants have been reported with severe risk of reinfection and evading immunity. Overall, 30 mutations in the spike protein have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 (BA.2) variant in India and South Africa, while half among these 30 mutations are receptor-binding domain which have spread rapidly throughout the world. The modern world has been swaddled by this extremely contagious Omicron variant, while it is rapidly mutating that is alarming and need to be addressed. Due to antibodies-escaping activity, the micro molecule that can inhibit it, are required to be discovered. Therefore, we focused on the computational drug designing, including Pharmacophore based virtual Screening, MD simulation to identity the novel small molecular inhibitor that stop hACE2 to bind with Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). We screened three medicinal compound databases, North-East African, North African and East African We carried out a multi-step screening approach that identified three compounds, which are (10R)-3',4'-dihydro-1,4,8,3',8',9'-hexahydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-[10,7'-bianthracene]-9,1'(10H,2'H)-dione (C1), 6'-(4-hydroxy cinnamoyl) arbutin (C2), and Acacetin 7-glucoside (C3), that are effective for omicron RBD variant due its excellent antiviral capabilities. Then PAIN assay interference, computation bioactivity prediction, binding free energy and dissociation constant was used to validate the top hits, indicated the good anti-viral activity. To summarize, we aimed to identify and design novel medication therapies that could be utilized in combating with newly discovered omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2.
Modelling the impact of migration on mosquito population suppression
Authors: Huang Mugen , Yu Jianshe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The field trial of mosquito population suppression in Guangzhou showed that the migration of wild mosquitoes to the target area were resistant to elimination. In this work, we formulate a delay differential equation model to assess the impact of migration on the suppression efficiency, and identify that the migration of wild mosquitoes from surrounding area excludes the possibility of a complete population suppression. Our analysis identifies a lower bound of the suppressed population size, and a lower bound of the suppression rate γ∗, which reveals the possible maximum reduction of field mosquitoes in the peak season. For a given suppression rate target γ0 > γ∗, we identify the permitted maximum migration number D(γ0), above which is impossible to reduce the field mosquito density up to (1−γ0)×100% in peak season. To reduce more than 95% of Aedes albopictus population during its peak season in Guangzhou within six weeks, the required minimum release number climbs steeply as the migration number increasing near to D(0.05).
AMS subject classifications. 92B05, 37N25, 34D23, 92D30.
Both live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis J-12 alleviated oral ulcer of LVG golden Syrian hamsters by intervening intestinal flora structure
Authors: Jin Junhua , Jing Nanqing , Liu Fudong , Wang Ran , Zhang Yan , Yang Jianjun , Hou Yubing , Zhang Hongxing , Xie Yuanhong , Liu Hui , Ge Shaoyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis J-12 (J-12) on oral ulceration of LVG golden Syrian hamsters after buccal membrane injection with methyl viologen dichloride. Results showed that interleukin-1β, glutathione and malondialdehyde in serum, downregulated by gavage of live and heat-killed J-12 bacteria. The J-12 live and heat-killed bacteria can reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by reducing the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B, thus reducing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors lipoxinA4 and prostaglandinE2. Reducing the expression of caspase-3 and adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase resulted in a reduction of ulcer tissue DNA damage. In addition, regulating the structure of intestinal flora prevented the process of oral ulcer formation. This study shows that J-12 can reduce the risk of oral ulcer formation while also having a positive effect on inhibiting existing oral ulcer growth.
Morphological restructuring of smooth muscles elements of the wallgreat saphenous vein of a person on the lower leg during the development of varicose transformation
Authors: Sannikov A. B. , Shaydakov E. V. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Further study of the structural restructuring of the wall of the great saphenous vein throughout a person’s life with the development of chronic venous diseases is an urgent task of phlebology.The purpose of the study. Research of the morphological restructuring of smooth muscleselements of the human great saphenous vein wall on the calf in norm, ectasia and development of varicose transformation.Materials and methods. The study of morphological restructuring of the great saphenous vein wall on the calf was carried out in 3 comparison groups by light microscopy. In 1th group, the structure of the GSV wall was studied on autopsy material of people who died from various causes at the age of 5 to 80 years. In the 2nd and 3rd groups, fragments of GSV in the calf were taken by biopsy during the execution of the operations for varicose veins. All patients underwent ultrasound mapping before surgery to determine the presence and degree of ectasia, varicose transformation and retrograde blood flow. For histological analysis in the groups, 140 GSV fragments were removed in 1-group, 165 BPV fragments in 2-group, and 250 GSV fragments in 3-group.Results. The general morphological analysis of histological preparations made it possible to visually identify various variants of changes in smooth muscleselements inherent in the inner, middle and outer shells of the GSV wall. The selected variants of reconstruction of the smooth muscleselements were combined into 10 morphological types.Conclusion. Age-related morphological changes in the smooth muscleselements in the GSV wall on the calf, over the course of a person’s life, do not have the same character as changes occurring in its wall during the development of its ectasia and varicose transformation.
Return chines emigration from the USA: lessons for Russia
Authors: Sadovaya E. S. 
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the factors, driving forces, directions and socio-economic consequences of return migration from the United States to China. Author consider this process in the context of the global shifts taking place in the modern world. The author formulates theoretical and methodological approaches that make it possible to analyze modern migration through the prism of the geopolitical and socio-economic dynamics of the modern world. This contextual approach allows a deeper understanding of the reasons for the intensification of the process of returning Chinese highly qualified specialists from the United States to their homeland.In terms when the current version of globalization has exhausted the possibilities for further development, the struggle for talents, qualified personnel capable of making a significant contribution to turning the country into a technological leader in emerging economic and technological zones, becomes an integral part of the battle for dominance in the new post-global world. Author explore the factors and consequences of modern migration processes for the United States and China, evaluate the steps taken by the Chinese leadership to return their compatriots employed in the high-tech sectors of the American economy to their homeland and their consequences for the United States. Author then conclude that it is necessary to study this experience in a comprehensive manner in order to apply it in Russia.
Virtual exchange in Latin America: a profile of faculty and staff participants
Authors: King Ramírez Carmen 
Published: November 2022

Latin American educational institutions report some of the lowest internationalization rates in the world (OECD, 2019). Historically, recognized barriers to internationalization have included programs based largely on student mobility as well as a lack of systematic implementation and funding (De Wit, Gacel-Ávila, & Knobel, 2017). In order to increase student and faculty access to international education experiences, Latin American universities are working to offer more inclusive, cost-effective methods of curricular diversification via Virtual Exchange (VE) (Lafont Castillo, Echeverría King, & Álvarez Ruíz, 2021). Given the limited publications currently available regarding VE in this region, this article seeks to establish a profile of Latin American faculty and staff who are presently engaged in VE initiatives as well as identify resources they need to ensure that VE programs are sustainable at their home institutions. The data presented in this article resulted from a mix-methods survey carried out among the Latin American Collaborative Online International Learning (LatAm COIL) network membership. These data provide important insights to the current trends and future possibilities for VE programs in this region.