bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term safety and efficacy of ferric citrate in phosphate-lowering and iron-repletion effects among patients with on hemodialysis: A multicenter, open-label, Phase IV trial
Authors: Lee Chien-Te , Lee Chin-Chan , Wu Ming-Ju , Chiu Yi-Wen , Leu Jyh-Gang , Wu Ming-Shiou , Peng Yu-Sen , Wu Mai-Szu , Tarng Der-Cherng 
Published: March 2022

Background
We explored the long-term safety and efficacy of ferric citrate in hemodialysis patients in Taiwan, and further evaluated the iron repletion effect and change of iron parameters by different baseline groups.

Methods
This was a 12-month, Phase IV, multicenter, open-label study. The initial dose of ferric citrate was administered by patients’ clinical condition and further adjusted to maintain serum phosphorus at 3.5–5.5 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety profiles of ferric citrate. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the efficacy by the time-course changes and the number of subjects who achieved the target range of serum phosphorus.

Results
A total of 202 patients were enrolled. No apparent or unexpected safety concerns were observed. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal-related with discolored feces (41.6%). Serum phosphorus was well controlled, with a mean dose of 3.35±1.49 g/day, ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 g/day. Iron parameters were significantly improved. The change from baseline of ferritin and TSAT were 227.17 ng/mL and 7.53%, respectively (p-trend<0.001), and the increase started to slow down after 3–6 months of treatment. In addition, the increase trend was found only in patients with lower baseline level of ferritin (≤500 ng/mL) and TSAT (<30%).

Conclusions
Ferric citrate is an effective phosphate binder with favorable safety profile in ESRD patients. The iron-repletion by ferric citrate is effective, and the increase is limited in patients with a higher baseline. In addition to controlling hyperphosphatemia, ferric citrate also shows additional benefits in the treatment of renal anemia.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03256838; 12/04/2017.
High blood pressure among adolescents in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Amponsem-Boateng Cecilia , Bosu William K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
As high blood pressure (HBP) is often considered an adult disease in Africa, studies on and services for HBP focus on adults to the near-exclusion of adolescents. The dearth of information about the burden of HBP does not favour much attention being paid to it. We, therefore, prepared this protocol to estimate the prevalence and awareness of HBP in adolescents in Africa through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We will search several major databases for published and unpublished articles on population-based studies on adolescents living in Africa, aged 10–19 years produced from the year 2000 to date. The included articles will be those that define HBP according to international guidelines using the blood pressure cut-offs of the 95th percentile for age, sex and height or of 130/90 mmHg, depending on the age of the subjects. The study selection as well as the evaluation of the quality of the included articles will be done independently by two reviewers, in line with best practices. We will pool together the prevalence across studies using random effects analysis and assess heterogeneity using meta-regression analysis and sub-group analysis. Sensitivity analysis using a leave-one-out analysis and an evaluation of reporting bias will also be performed. Reporting of our findings will conform to the recommended reporting guidelines.

Conclusion
The findings from our comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis will provide an up-to-date information on the prevalence of HBP and its awareness among adolescents in Africa and its sub-regions. They could be used to advocate for increased priority to life course approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020197946.
Identifying protein function and functional links based on large-scale co-occurrence patterns
Authors: Pasternak Zohar , Chapnik Noam , Yosef Roy , Kopelman Naama M. , Jurkevitch Edouard , Segev Elad 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The vast majority of known proteins have not been experimentally tested even at the level of measuring their expression, and the function of many proteins remains unknown. In order to decipher protein function and examine functional associations, we developed "Cliquely", a software tool based on the exploration of co-occurrence patterns.

Computational model
Using a set of more than 23 million proteins divided into 404,947 orthologous clusters, we explored the co-occurrence graph of 4,742 fully sequenced genomes from the three domains of life. Edge weights in this graph represent co-occurrence probabilities. We use the Bron–Kerbosch algorithm to detect maximal cliques in this graph, fully-connected subgraphs that represent meaningful biological networks from different functional categories.

Main results
We demonstrate that Cliquely can successfully identify known networks from various pathways, including nitrogen fixation, glycolysis, methanogenesis, mevalonate and ribosome proteins. Identifying the virulence-associated type III secretion system (T3SS) network, Cliquely also added 13 previously uncharacterized novel proteins to the T3SS network, demonstrating the strength of this approach. Cliquely is freely available and open source. Users can employ the tool to explore co-occurrence networks using a protein of interest and a customizable level of stringency, either for the entire dataset or for a one of the three domains—Archaea, Bacteria, or Eukarya.
Evaluation of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) tool as a predictor of postoperative complications following major oncological abdominal surgery in geriatric patients
Authors: Penning Yoon , El Asmar Antoine , Moreau Michel , Raspé Julie , Dal Lago Lissandra , Pepersack Thierry , Donckier Vincent , Liberale Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The concept of frailty extends beyond chronological age. Identifying frailty using a two-step approach, starting with the use of a screening tool (G8) followed by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), may be useful in guiding treatment decisions and follow-up. This study evaluated the association between G8 and CGA, and the risk of 90-day postoperative complications risk, in oncogeriatric patients.

Methods
Data on geriatric patients with major oncological abdominal surgery was retrospectively collected from our hospital records between 2016 and 2019. Patients with an impaired G8 screening score, who subsequently underwent CGA geriatric screening, were included. Postoperative complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification (CD), and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). The association between the individual components of the geriatric assessment tools and the 90-day postoperative complications risk was analyzed.

Results
One hundred and twelve patients, aged ≥ 70 years, operated for an intra-abdominal tumor with curative intent, were included. Seventy-six patients (67.9%) presented with an impaired G8, out of whom sixty-six (58.9%) had a CGA performed. On univariate analysis, altered nutritional status assessed by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was the only variable associated with higher postoperative total complication rate (p = 0.01). Patients with an impaired G8 had significantly more postoperative complications and higher 1-year mortality rates than patients with normal G8. Fifteen patients (13.4%) had grade III-IVb complications. A CCI > 50 was recorded in 16 patients (14.3%). All-cause 90-day postoperative mortality was 10.7%.

Conclusion
Identifying an altered preoperative nutritional status, as part of the CGA, in patients screening positive for frailty, is a potentially modifiable risk factor that can enhance preoperative management and optimize treatment decision making. G8 may be a predictive factor for postoperative complications in oncogeriatric patients.
Dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
Authors: Geleto Aliye , Sinba Edao , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Dental caries is a major public health problem. In Ethiopia, prevention and treatment of oral health-related illness had given little attention and there is limited data on the extent and factors associated with oral health-related illnesses and oral care practices.

Objective
This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SCSH).

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 patients who visited SCSH dental clinic from March 1, 2021, to April 15, 2021. A questionnaire was employed to collect the background characteristics of the participants. Dental caries was confirmed as per World Health Organization guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine predictors of dental caries. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut point to determine a significant association.

Results
The overall prevalence of dental caries was 64.6% with 95% CI (58.8‒70.1). The mean of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth was 1.33. Dental caries was significantly higher among respondents who did not brush their teeth (AOR = 3.589, 95% CI:1.756‒7.334), who consumed sugary food (AOR = 3.650, 95% CI: 1.747‒7.628), those with monthly a income of less than 5000.00 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.452, 95% CI (1.193‒5.042), and those who had poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 1.826, 95% CI: 0.901‒3.700).

Conclusions
This study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries among patients visiting the dental clinic. Tooth brushing habits, consumption of sugary food, and poor oral hygiene were significantly associated with dental caries.
Children’s Books on the Big Screen, Meghann Meeusen (2020)
Authors: Kerr Raena 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Children’s Books on the Big Screen, Meghann Meeusen (2020)
Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 192pp.,
ISBN: 9781496828651 (pbk), $30.00, ISBN: 9781496828644 (hbk), $99.00
Fatigue Analysis of 5000 GT Ferry Ro-Ro’s Car Deck Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Wulandari Amalia Ika , Rahmasari Nindy widia Devi , Adnyani Luh Putri , , Alamsyah , Ikhwani Rodlian Jamal 
Published: March 2022

Ro-Ro Passenger Ship type crossing ship is a ship that is operated to connect 2 (two) ports. On the Ro-Ro ship there is a car deck as one of the vital construction structures, because it is used to support the vehicle load on it. This study aims to determine the value of fatigue life in car deck construction by reviewing hot spot stress areas that are prone to cracking. The value of the fatigue analysis is taken from the greatest stress value and the shortest cycle is taken at each plate thickness variation. The method used is the finite element method (FEM) by varying the thickness of the car deck plate assisted by using finite element based software. The results showed the highest maximum stress was found on car deck 1 with a thickness of 80% (9.6 mm) which was 241.16 Mpa, while the lowest minimum stress was found on car deck 2 with a thickness of 110% (13 mm) which was 103.07 Mpa. The highest value of fatigue life is found in car deck 2 with a plate thickness of 110% (13 mm) of 74.23 years with a stress cycle of 1350000 times, while the lowest fatigue life value is found in car deck 1 with a plate thickness of 80% (9.6 mm) of 7.63 years with a voltage cycle of 220000 times
Laminar Fluid Chaotic Mixing in Three-Dimensional Continuous Flow Domains
Authors: Overd M. M. , Generalis S. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chaos is a relatively new subject in mathematical science. It has rapidly, however, found applications in a diverse range of areas in pure science and engineering. This work considers the application of chaos in viscous fluid mixing, fluids that are, for example, found in the food or polymer industry. It has been shown by many authors that under steady state conditions laminar fluids flow in a streamline motion. It has also been shown that it is possible to increase the degree of disorder in such a system by introducing time dependant moving boundaries. It is well established however, that chaotic motion is not dependent on the variation in streamlines alone. The system is required to be operated within a specific range of boundary conditions for chaos to occur. This work presents further investigations of chaotic flow domains concentrating on a property that relates to the divergence and separation of particles originating from small generation zones within the flow domain. The property of divergence of particles is noted to yield conclusions consistent with previously published work in two dimensions. It is then applied to investigate the degree of disorder in three three-dimensional continuous chaotic systems, operating with a range of time and spatially periodic boundary conditions. In order to highlight the benefits of increased levels of mixing when operating the systems under specific conditions characteristic plots, for incremental variations of operating conditions, are presented. It is hoped that by the development of the characteristic plots and concepts presented here that engineers will be able to predict and characterise the degree of disorder in future industrial chaotic mixing equipment.
Morphological Characterization of PE Blown Films by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kamal M. R. , Tang Z. , Huang T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe properties of blown polyethylene (PE) films depend on various factors, including crystallinity, morphology, and orientation, in addition to chemical composition. It has been shown that the optical properties are strongly influenced by surface morphology. In this work, non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were used to visualize surface and bulk morphology. Various techniques, such as surface and line roughness, surface and line fractal dimension, pair-correlation function and nearest neighbor distance distribution function, are employed to quantify the description of morphology and to compare the morphological characteristics of a number of polyethylene (PE) films of commercial interest. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of surface topography has been performed. The co-monomer of the PE resins was found to play a significant role in the formation and the orientation of spherulite-like domains. The film cross-section microstructure has been evaluated qualitatively by using both AFM and PLM. However, quantitative analysis of bulk morphology cannot be obtained due to knife effects.
A characterization of finite groups in terms of the codegrees of their characters
Authors: Lv Heng , Yang Dongfang , Qian Guohua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For a character 𝜒 of a finite group 𝐺, the number

cod

(
χ
)

:=

|
G
:
ker
χ
|

/
χ

(
1
)

\operatorname{cod}(\chi):=\lvert G:\operatorname{ker}\chi\rvert/\chi(1)

is called the codegree of 𝜒.
The object of this paper is to classify the finite groups 𝐺 which have exactly one irreducible character 𝜒 such that

χ
⁢

(
1
)

∤

cod
⁡

(
χ
)

\chi(1)\nmid\operatorname{cod}(\chi)

.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity close to mobile phone base stations – a case study in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Koppel Tarmo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A previously healthy worker developed symptoms assigned to electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) after moving to an office with exposure to high levels of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These symptoms consisted of e.g. headache, arthralgia, tinnitus, dizziness, memory loss, fatique, insomnia, transitory cardiovascular abnormalities, and skin lesions. Most of the symptoms were alleviated after 2 weeks sick leave. The highest radiofrequency (RF) field level at the working place was 1.72 V/m (7,852 μW/m2). Maximum value for extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) from electric power at 50 Hz was measured to 285 nT (mean 241 nT). For electric train ELF-EMF at 16.7 Hz was measured to 383 nT (mean 76 nT). Exposure to EMFs at the working place could be the cause for developing EHS related symptoms. The association was strengthened by the symptom reduction outside the working place.
Both Corticospinal and Reticulospinal Tracts Control Force of Contraction
Authors: Glover Isabel S. , Baker Stuart N. 
Published: March 2022

The control of contraction strength is a key part of movement control. In primates, both corticospinal and reticulospinal cells provide input to motoneurons. Corticospinal discharge is known to correlate with force, but there are no previous reports of how reticular formation (RF) activity modulates with different contractions. Here we trained two female macaque monkeys (body weight, 5.9–6.9 kg) to pull a handle that could be loaded with 0.5–6 kg weights and recorded from identified pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in primary motor cortex and RF cells during task performance. Population-averaged firing rate increased monotonically with higher force for the RF, but showed a complex profile with little net modulation for PTNs. This reflected a more heterogeneous profile of rate modulation across the PTN population, leading to cancellation in the average. Linear discriminant analysis classified the force based on the time course of rate modulation equally well for PTNs and RF cells. Peak firing rate had significant linear correlation with force for 43 of 92 PTNs (46.7%) and 21 of 46 RF cells (43.5%). For almost all RF cells (20 of 21), the correlation coefficient was positive; similar numbers of PTNs (22 vs 21) had positive versus negative coefficients. Considering the timing of force representation, similar fractions (PTNs: 61.2%; RF cells: 55.5%) commenced coding before the onset of muscle activity. We conclude that both corticospinal and reticulospinal tracts contribute to the control of contraction force; the reticulospinal tract seems to specify an overall signal simply related to force, whereas corticospinal cell activity would be better suited for fine-scale adjustments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor the first time, we compare the coding of force for corticospinal and reticular formation cells in awake behaving monkeys, over a wide range of contraction strengths likely to come close to maximum voluntary contraction. Both cortical and brainstem systems coded similarly well for force, but whereas reticular formation cells carried a simple uniform signal, corticospinal neurons were more heterogeneous. This may reflect a role in the gross specification of a coordinated movement, versus more fine-grained adjustments around individual joints.
Blood flow restriction maintains blood pressure upon head-up tilt
Authors: Wong Vickie , Bell Zachary W. , Sptiz Robert W. , Song Jun Seob , Yamada Yujiro , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Orthostatic intolerance occurs in some astronauts following space flight. Although orthostatic blood pressure responses should normalize in the weeks following the return to Earth, there may be situations where an immediate short-term solution is necessary (e.g., emergency evacuation).

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine different levels of blood flow restriction on changes in blood pressure and heart rate when transitioning from supine to a head-up tilt and determine whether this change differs based on sex.

Methods
Eighty-nine participants (45 men, 44 women) completed the three visits with different pressures (Sham, Moderate, and High) in a randomized order. Cuffs were placed on the most proximal area of the thighs. Brachial blood pressure was measured at baseline, upon inflation of the cuffs in a supine position, immediately after tilt (70°), and eight more times separated by 45  seconds.

Results
Data are presented as mean (SD). The change in systolic (High > Moderate > Sham) [High vs Sham: 5.5 (7.4) mmHg, High vs Moderate: 3 (7.4) mmHg, and Moderate vs Sham: 2.4 (8.4) mmHg] and diastolic pressure (High > Moderate = Sham) [High vs Sham: 2.4 (5.3) mmHg, High vs Moderate: 1.9 (6.3) mmHg] differed across applied pressures. The change in heart rate was initially greatest in the sham-pressure but increased the greatest in the high-pressure condition by the end of the head-up tilt period. Additionally, there was no influence of sex.

Conclusion
Blood flow restriction applied in this study increased blood pressure in a pressure-dependent manner upon head-up tilt.
Differentiation Effect of Two Alkaloid Fractions from Vietnamese Lycopodiaceae on Mouse Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Tran Hanh-Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Huyen-Trang Thi , Nguyen Dinh Hoang , La Thuy Thi , Nguyen Kim-Thanh Thi , Nguyen Tien Dat , Nguyen Quang Huy , Nguyen Lai Thanh , Hoang My Hanh Thi 
Published: March 2022

Various Lycopodium alkaloids have been studied for their various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective activities. Moreover, these alkaloid compounds have high potential in the treatment of neuron degenerative disease. This study has been carried out to test the effect of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis, and Lycopodium clavatum L alkaloid fractions on the mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). Firstly, the alkaloid fractions were used to verify its toxicity on NSCs. The multiple concentrations of alkaloid fractions from H. serrata (0.044; 0.088; 0.175; 0.35; 0.7; 1.4 mg/ml) and L. clavatum (0.031; 0.063; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0; 2.0 mg/ml) have been used for the treatment of NSCs at period of 48h incubation. Results of the study suggested that the IC50 value of H. serrata and L. clavatum was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.50 mg/ml, respectively. Then, the NSCs were differentiated in the presence of 5 and 10 µg/ml of alkaloid fraction from H. serrata; 0.625 and 1.25 µg/ml of alkaloid fraction from L. clavatum for 6 days. Here, we observed the primary NSCs treated with alkaloid fraction extract from H. serrata showed the increased gene expression level of early neuron TUBB3 and neuron-specific cytoskeleton MAP2. On the other hand, the L. clavatum alkaloid fraction increased the expression of neural stem cell marker genes (Nestin and PAX6) and decreased neuron marker genes. In conclusion, these results established that alkaloid fraction from H. serrata promoted differentiation of the mouse NSCs to neuron cells, and L. clavatum extract had a capacity for stemness maintenance.