bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narcolepsy in Parkinson's disease with insulin resistance
Authors: Chunduri Alisha , Crusio Wim E. , Delprato Anna 
Published: January 2022

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by its progression of motor-related symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking and balance. Comorbid conditions in PD individuals include insulin resistance (IR) and narcolepsy-like sleep patterns. The intersecting sleep symptoms of both conditions include excessive daytime sleepiness, hallucinations, insomnia, and falling into REM sleep more quickly than an average person. Understanding of the biological basis and relationship of these comorbid disorders with PD may help with early detection and intervention strategies to improve quality of life. Methods: In this study, an integrative genomics and systems biology approach was used to analyze gene expression patterns associated with PD, IR, and narcolepsy in order to identify genes and pathways that may shed light on how these disorders are interrelated. A correlation analysis with known genes associated with these disorders (LRRK2, HLA-DQB1, and HCRT) was used to query microarray data corresponding to brain regions known to be involved in PD and narcolepsy. This includes the hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, pons, and subcoeruleus nucleus. Risk factor genes for PD, IR, and narcolepsy were also incorporated into the analysis. Results: The PD and narcolepsy signaling networks are connected through insulin and immune system pathways. Important genes and pathways that link PD, narcolepsy, and IR are CACNA1C, CAMK1D, BHLHE41, HMGB1, and AGE-RAGE. Conclusions: We have identified the genetic signatures that link PD with its comorbid disorders, narcolepsy and insulin resistance, from the convergence and intersection of dopaminergic, insulin, and immune system related signaling pathways. These findings may aid in the design of early intervention strategies and treatment regimes for non-motor symptoms in PD patients as well as individuals with diabetes and narcolepsy.
Disease burden and adverse pregnancy outcomes due to cardiovascular conditions complicating pregnancy in Sri Lanka: a protocol
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ayesh , Lokunarangoda Niroshan , Agampodi Thilini , Agampodi Suneth 
Published: January 2022

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the commonest indirect medical cause of maternal deaths worldwide, both in high-income and low and middle-income countries. To minimize the effects of CVD in pregnancy, proper risk assessment and appropriate referral is required. In Sri Lanka, cardiovascular disease complicating pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality, second only to postpartum hemorrhage. Screening for CVD in pregnancy in Sri Lanka is limited to a routine clinical assessment. Evidence-based guidelines are yet to be developed, and this deficit may have resulted in a substantial underestimation of the CVD burden. This study aims to determine the burden of CVD in early pregnancy and develop a risk prediction model to be used in field pregnancy clinics in Sri Lanka to reduce CVD effects in pregnancy. Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. Following registration to the antenatal care, pregnant women fulfilling the eligibility criteria were invited to attend a special clinic at their relevant Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Risk assessment was done through history and a clinical examination, and suspected/probable cases were referred for an echocardiogram by a consultant cardiologist. All the recruited participants in the first trimester were prospectively followed up and screened again between 24–28 weeks of the period of amenorrhoea (POA). Antenatal ward admissions with CVD complicating pregnancy will be extracted, and a telephone interview will be carried out between 6–12 weeks after the expected delivery date to cover postpartum morbidities. Discussion This proposed study will be the largest of its kind carried out in the local setting. The study's findings will be beneficial for policymakers to develop guidelines to reduce maternal cardiovascular disease morbidities and mortalities in Sri Lanka.
Choosing to Be Unfree? The Aspirations and Constraints of Debt-bonded Brick Workers in Cambodia
Authors: Natarajan Nithya , Brickell Katherine , Parsons Laurie 
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the experiences of debt-bonded brick workers in Cambodia, whose unfree labour contributes to the country's construction sector boom. Drawing on recent scholarship on the rise of debt as a coercive form of labour control within late-capitalist exploitation, the chapter asks how unfree labour relations constrain brick workers' aspirations for life beyond the kiln. In doing so, it considers how unfree labour represents a form of escape for many from unsustainable microfinance debt, while trapping them within the structural constraints of unfreedom. The chapter concludes that there is a need to foreground the role of unfreedom, and the constraints it places on worker agency, within accounts of unwaged and informal work.
Anticipating Public Approval in the Binding of Immigrant Integration Problems and Solutions
Authors: Van Breugel Ilona 
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at targeting as an essential and insightful step in the policy solution formulation process. By studying how people are classified and categorised as target groups in Dutch immigrant integration policies this chapter illustrates how the formulation of policy solutions is constrained by the taboos on the political and public agenda. By avoiding group-based policies for immigrants and applying indirect or generic policies instead policy makers anticipate the public and political approval in the pre-decision stage of policy solution definition. The analysis of targeting as part of the policy solution process contributes to this book’s aim of a constructivist understanding of the policy formulation stage. In support of the editors’ claim that, like the policy stage of problem definition, the construction of policy solutions too, is marked by conflict, critique and opposition, this chapter illustrates how policy makers cope with the ‘conflictual nature’ of solution definition through different discursive strategies and taboos for targeting.
Borrowed Social Performance: Labour and Community Organizations in Los Angeles and Long Beach, California
Authors: Hytrek Gary 
Published: January 2022

The concept of borrowed size is typically applied to analyzing economic performance. This chapter explores the potential social performance benefits of such proximity and networks. Applying this analysis to Long Beach and Los Angeles, this chapter argues that in secondary cities lacking organizational infrastructures to sustain social movements, proximity to larger movement-rich cities can foster cross-city relationship building critical to success. As recently as 2007, business interests in Long Beach successfully blocked labour-driven policy challenges; yet by 2014, a series of equity-based polices had been enacted. Underlying this transformation was the ability of labour and community groups to forge regional relationships and share resources critical to building and sustaining a counter-movement. Understanding how activists borrowed from and articulated with outside forces from Los Angeles in a way that was authentic, built local power, and scaled up provides lessons for other secondary cities lacking a history of progressive politics and confronting similar issues
Improving image resolution on point-like sources in a type 1 light-field camera
Authors: Serabyn Eugene 
Published: January 2022

A ray-trace simulation of a type 1 light-field imager is used to show that resolutions significantly better than the lenslet scale can be deterministically reached in reconstructed images of isolated point-like sources. This is enabled by computationally projecting the system pupil onto the lenslet-array plane to better estimate the lenslet-plane-crossing locations through which the rays from a point source have passed on their way to the detector array. Improving light-field type 1 image resolution from the lenslet scale to the pixel scale can significantly enhance signal-to-noise ratios on faint point-like sources such as fluorescent microbes, making the technique of interest in, e.g., in situ microbial life searches in extreme environments.
Superficial basal cell carcinoma, think deeper: Step sectioning of skin biopsy specimens yields 14% more aggressive subtypes
Authors: El Sharouni Mary-Ann , van Diest Paul J. , Blokx Willeke A. M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Because of different therapeutic regimens for superficial and non-superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), accurate histopathological examination of a punch biopsy to determine its subtype is essential. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the additional yield of a more extensive step-section method to that of a standard histologic examination at 4 levels.

Material and methods
Data for this prospective study was obtained from the Pathology department of a Dutch tertiary hospital. Biopsy specimens of subsequent patients from March 2019 to June 2020 were sectioned to 8-levels instead of the regular 4-levels. Only patients with a superficial BCC subtype in the first 4-levels of sectioning were included (n = 100). After 8-level sectioning, it was recorded in which level (5–8) a more aggressive BCC component was found (i.e. nodular, infiltrative, or micronodular). Patients were followed-up to evaluate further treatment, and in case of excision, the excision specimen was reviewed to determine the BCC subtype. A logistic regression was performed to assess characteristics associated with a more aggressive BCC component in levels 5–8.

Results
In 14 patients (14%) a more aggressive component was found in levels 5–8, all with a nodular component. Thirteen of these patients underwent excision, confirming a more aggressive BCC subtype. Of the 86 patients that had no deeper BCC component in levels 5–8, 26 (30.2%) underwent excision; In 4 patients no residual BCC was found, in 15 patients superficial BCC, and in 7 a more aggressive BCC subtype (1 nodular and 6 a combination of superficial/nodular/infiltrative). In multivariable analysis, head&neck localization was associated with finding a more aggressive BCC subtype in levels 5–8 (OR 6.41 (95%CI 1.56–26.30), p = 0.01)).

Conclusions
More extensive sectioning of superficial BCC biopsy specimens, especially in the head&neck area, leads to a more accurate BCC subtype diagnosis requiring different clinical management strategies.
The importance of active surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in colonization rates in critically ill patients
Authors: Gomides Mabel Duarte Alves , Fontes Astrídia Marília de Souza , Silveira Amanda Oliveira Soares Monteiro , Matoso Daniel Chadud , Ferreira Anderson Luiz , Sadoyama Geraldo 
Published: January 2022

Objective
This study aimed to demonstrate the importance of active carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) surveillance and evaluate the prevalence of invasive infections, risk factors, and mortality risk in CRE-colonized patients.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study analyzing 1,920 patients identified using an active CRE surveillance protocol, admitted to an adult intensive care unit in southeastern Brazil from January 2014 to December 2018.

Results
There were 297 (15.47%) CRE colonized patients, with one colonized for every six control patients. CRE-colonized patients demonstrated an increased chance of infection (odds ratio [OR] 7.967, p < 0.001). Overall, 20.54% of the colonized patients presented invasive infection (81.96% due to Klebsiella pneumoniae). The colonization and infection ratio demonstrated the important role of the active CRE surveillance protocol. There were identified multiple risk factors for CRE colonization, including long-term mechanical ventilation (OR 1.624, p = 0.019) and previous exposure to aminopenicillins (OR 5.204, p < 0.001), carbapenems (OR 3.703, p = 0.017), cephalosporins (OR 12.036, p < 0.001), and fluoroquinolones (OR 5.238, p = 0.012). The mortality risk was significantly higher among colonized (OR 2.356, p < 0.001) and colonized-infected (OR 2.000, p = 0.009) patients and in those with Enterobacter cloacae colonization (OR 5.173, p < 0,001) and previous aminopenicillins exposure (OR 3.452, p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Early detection of CRE colonization through screening testing proved to be an important tool to control CRE spread. However, observation over the years has shown no effective control of colonization and infection. The prevalence rates of CRE colonization and colonization-infection were high, as were the mortality rates. In conclusion, an active CRE surveillance protocol is essential, but its impact depends on the effective implementation of preventive measures and feedback between team members.
Prevalence of depression among HIV-positive pregnant women and its association with adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Workeabeba , Gebremariam Mahlet , Molla Mitike , Teferra Solomon , Wissow Larry , Ruff Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Background
Vertical transmission of HIV remains one of the most common transmission modes. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases the risk of transmission to less than 2%, but maintaining adherence to treatment remains a challenge. Some of the commonly reported barriers to adherence to ART include stress (physical and emotional), depression, and alcohol and drug abuse. Integrating screening and treatment for psychological problem such as depression was reported to improve adherence. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of depression and its association with adherence to ART among HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March through November 2018. Participants were conveniently sampled from 12 health institutions offering ANC services. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to screen for depression and the Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE) Adherence index to evaluate adherence to ART. Descriptive statistics was used to estimate the prevalence of depression during third-trimester pregnancy and nonadherence to ART. A bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to get significant predictors for each of the two outcome measures. The final multivariable logistic regression analysis included variables with a P<0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression model; statistical significance was evaluated at P<0.05.

Results
We approached 397 eligible individuals, of whom 368 (92.7%) participated and were included in the analysis. Of the total participants, 175(47.6%) had depression. The participants’ overall level of adherence to ART was 82%. Pregnant women with low income were twice more likely to have depression (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.31–3.36). Women with WHO clinical Stage 1 disease were less likely to have depression than women with more advanced disease (AOR = 0.16, 95%CI = 0.05–0.48). There was a statistically significant association between depression and nonadherence to ART (P = 0.020); nonadherence was nearly two times higher among participants with depression (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.08–3.27).

Conclusion
We found a high prevalence of depression among HIV-positive pregnant women in the selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, and what was more concerning was its association with higher rates of nonadherence to ART adversely affecting the outcome of their HIV care. We recommend integrating screening for depression in routine ANC services.
Survival analysis in patients with invasive lobular cancer and invasive ductal cancer according to hormone receptor expression status in the Korean population
Authors: Kwon Douk , Ko Byung Kyun , Jung Seung Pil , Kim Hong-Kyu , Kim Eun-Kyu , Jung Yong Sik , Youn Hyun Jo , Lee Sae Byul 
Published: January 2022

Background
We compared the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) cases with those of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases in various hormone receptor expression subgroups.

Methods
We compared clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) between patients with IDC (n = 95,486) and ILC (n = 3,023). In addition, we analyzed the effects of different hormone receptor expression subgroups on survival.

Results
The ILC group had more instances of advanced stage and hormonal receptor positivity than did the IDC group (p < 0.001), but the IDC group had higher histological grade and nuclear grade, as well as higher frequency of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki67 expression than did the ILC group (p < 0.001). The OS and BCSS were not significantly different between the IDC and ILC groups. The 5-year OS of the IDC group was 88.8%, while that of the ILC group was 90.6% (p = 0.113). The 5-year BCSS of the IDC group was 94.8%, while that of the ILC group was 95.0% (p = 0.552). When analyzing each hormone receptor expression subgroup, there were no significant differences in survival between the IDC and ILC groups. However, the estrogen receptor (ER) negative/progesterone receptor (PR) negative subgroup showed differences in survival between the IDC and ILC groups. Moreover, the hazard ratio of ILC in the ER negative/PR negative subgroup was 1.345 (95% confidence interval: 1.012–1.788; p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Hormone receptor expression should be considered when determining prognosis and treatment regimen for IDC and ILC. Researchers should further study the ER negative/PR negative population to identify treatment and prognostic models that will facilitate the development of individualized therapy for these patients, which is needed for good outcomes.
Critical Costume 2020 Exhibition: Costume Agency, curated by Yuka Oyama
Authors: Muniz Rosane , Guérin-Garnett Nigel 
Published: January 2022

Critical Costume 2020 Exhibition: Costume Agency, curated by Yuka Oyama
Online, 21 August 2020, https://exhibition.costumeagency.com/. Accessed 25 January 2021.
The Challenge of Merger Result Bank during the Global Economic Recession due to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Study of Indonesian Islamic Banks
Authors: Idries Fahmy Akbar , Sholihin Anwarul , Satibi Ibi 
Published: January 2022

Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) is a new entity resulting from the merger of Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah, and BRI Syariah. BSI was inaugurated in February 2021 amid the global economic recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It has not much been explained about the fundamental data of the 3 banks that formed BSI when the recession occurred due to the Covid-19 hit. As a result, BSI's record of challenges during the global recession has not appeared much. The aim of the research is to map the challenges that BSI will face when the economic recession due to the pandemic has not ended. BSI's challenge notes are useful for BSI policymakers, so they can mitigate risks. A qualitative method Miles-Huberman model is employed to analyze the data which is done through 3 stages: data reduction, data display, and verification or conclusion. Based on data analysis, BSI will face the challenges of slow deposit and financing growth, rising non-performing financing, declining net profit, and declining sukuk ratings.
A Female-Specific Role for Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Rodent Pain Models
Authors: Paige Candler , Plasencia-Fernandez Isabel , Kume Moeno , Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou Melina , Lorenzo Louis-Etienne , David Eric T. , He Lucy , Mejia Galo L. , Driskill Christopher , Ferrini Francesco , Feldhaus Andrew L. , Garcia-Martinez Leon F. , Akopian Armen N. , De Koninck Yves , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. 
Published: January 2022

We aimed to investigate a sexually dimorphic role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rodent models of pain. Based on findings in migraine where CGRP has a preferential pain-promoting effect in female rodents, we hypothesized that CGRP antagonists and antibodies would attenuate pain sensitization more efficaciously in female than male mice and rats. In hyperalgesic priming induced by activation of interleukin 6 signaling, CGRP receptor antagonists olcegepant and CGRP8-37both given intrathecally, blocked, and reversed hyperalgesic priming only in females. A monoclonal antibody against CGRP, given systemically, blocked priming specifically in female rodents but failed to reverse it. In the spared nerve injury model, there was a transient effect of both CGRP antagonists, given intrathecally, on mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice only. Consistent with these findings, intrathecally applied CGRP caused a long-lasting, dose-dependent mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice but more transient effects in males. This CGRP-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was reversed by olcegepant and the KCC2 enhancer CLP257, suggesting a role for anionic plasticity in the dorsal horn in the pain-promoting effects of CGRP in females. In spinal dorsal horn slices, CGRP shifted GABAAreversal potentials to significantly more positive values, but, again, only in female mice. Therefore, CGRP may regulate KCC2 expression and/or activity downstream of CGRP receptors specifically in females. However, KCC2 hypofunction promotes mechanical pain hypersensitivity in both sexes because CLP257 alleviated hyperalgesic priming in male and female mice. We conclude that CGRP promotes pain plasticity in female rodents but has a limited impact in males.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe majority of patients impacted by chronic pain are women. Mechanistic studies in rodents are creating a clear picture that molecular events promoting chronic pain are different in male and female animals. We sought to build on evidence showing that CGRP is a more potent and efficacious promoter of headache in female than in male rodents. To test this, we used hyperalgesic priming and the spared nerve injury neuropathic pain models in mice. Our findings show a clear sex dimorphism wherein CGRP promotes pain in female but not male mice, likely via a centrally mediated mechanism of action. Our work suggests that CGRP receptor antagonists could be tested for efficacy in women for a broader variety of pain conditions.