bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and their related psychological health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haghshomar Maryam , Shobeiri Parnian , Brand Serge , Rossell Susan L. , Akhavan Malayeri Ava , Rezaei Nima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related social restrictions have profoundly affected people’s mental health. It can be assumed that symptomatic behaviors and mental health of individuals with eating disorders (ED) deteriorated during this time. To get a thorough overview, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following aims: First, to provide a comprehensive overview of symptoms of ED during the COVID-19-related confinement; second, to identify psychological mechanisms which impacted the emergence and maintenance of ED symptoms; third, to describe changes of daily routine and changes of access to healthcare in individuals with ED during confinement.

Methods
We searched Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases for observational studies published between January 1st, 2020, to July 1st, 2021, which investigated the symptomatology of ED during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
After the screening, 13 studies with 7848 participants were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of exacerbation of binge eating, food restriction, purging behaviors, and concerns about food intake in the pooled sample of 7848 was 59.65% (95% CI: 49.30%; 69.60%), and the overall prevalence of improved symptoms of ED in the pooled sample of 741 individuals was 9.37% (95% CI: 3.92%; 16.57%). Furthermore, COVID-19-related social restrictions negatively impacted the psychological health, daily routines, and physical activity of individuals with ED. More specifically, symptoms of anxiety and depression related to ED were increased significantly over time. However, there were also positive aspects to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main positive consequences included more emotional support from the family, less pressure to engage in social activities, and more flexible meal planning. Individuals with ED reported having difficulties getting access to healthcare centers and using telemedicine. They also found a hard time communicating via online sessions.

Conclusions
According to our interpretation, based on the data included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, the COVID-19 pandemic and its related social restrictions detrimentally impacted the mental health of majority of individuals with ED. Limited and impaired access to healthcare interventions appeared to have further exacerbated mental health issues of individuals with ED. Given this background, it seems that individuals with ED demand more attention during the COVID-19 crisis, and it is necessary to ensure that their course of treatment remains uninterrupted.
Multimedia learning principles in different learning environments: a systematic review
Authors: Çeken Burç , Taşkın Nazım 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent literature mainly focused on one or two multimedia learning principles in traditional learning environments. Studies on multimedia learning principles in AR and VR environments are also limited. To reveal the current situation and gaps of the multimedia learning principles in different learning environments, it is necessary to extend their boundaries. Thus, further studies may directly affect the investment in VR and AR technologies and their integration into the learning process by teachers. The current study presented a systematic review of multimedia learning principles in different learning environments, including traditional, virtual reality and augmented reality. In this study, 136 journal articles were identified based on PRISMA guidelines and reviewed regarding multimedia learning principles, learning environments, measurements, subject matters, learning outcomes, research methodologies, education programs, education fields, and years of publication. The results indicate that (1) there is an increasing interest in multimedia learning principles; (2) undergraduate students have been the target participant group in the review studies; (3) only five studies tested one of the multimedia learning principles in the VR environment, but no studies have been conducted in the AR learning environment; (4) most studies preferred subjective measurements (e.g., mental effort, difficulty) or indirect objective measurements (e.g., learning outcomes, eye-tracking, study time); (5) subject matters from STEM fields often preferred in investigations; and (6) modality was the most studied multimedia learning principle in the reviewed articles, followed by redundancy, multimedia, signaling, coherence, segmenting, personalization, spatial contiguity, temporal contiguity, image, pre-training, and voice, respectively. The results were discussed in detail. Specific gaps in the literature were identified, and suggestions and implications were provided for further research.
A mesh-based model of liver vasculature: implications for improved radiation dosimetry to liver parenchyma for radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Correa-Alfonso Camilo M. , Withrow Julia D. , Domal Sean J. , Xing Shu , Shin Jungwook , Grassberger Clemens , Paganetti Harald , Bolch Wesley E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a model of the internal vasculature of the adult liver and demonstrate its application to the differentiation of radiopharmaceutical decay sites within liver parenchyma from those within organ blood.

Method
Computer-generated models of hepatic arterial (HA), hepatic venous (HV), and hepatic portal venous (HPV) vascular trees were algorithmically created within individual lobes of the ICRP adult female and male livers (AFL/AML). For each iteration of the algorithm, pressure, blood flow, and vessel radii within each tree were updated as each new vessel was created and connected to a viable bifurcation site. The vascular networks created inside the AFL/AML were then tetrahedralized for coupling to the PHITS radiation transport code. Specific absorbed fractions (SAF) were computed for monoenergetic alpha particles, electrons, positrons, and photons. Dual-region liver models of the AFL/AML were proposed, and particle-specific SAF values were computed assuming radionuclide decays in blood within two locations: (1) sites within explicitly modeled hepatic vessels, and (2) sites within the hepatic blood pool residing outside these vessels to include the capillaries and blood sinuses. S values for 22 and 10 radionuclides commonly used in radiopharmaceutical therapy and imaging, respectively, were computed using the dual-region liver models and compared to those obtained in the existing single-region liver model.

Results
Liver models with virtual vasculatures of ~ 6000 non-intersecting straight cylinders representing the HA, HPV, and HV circulations were created for the ICRP reference. For alpha emitters and for beta and auger-electron emitters, S values using the single-region models were approximately 11% (AML) to 14% (AFL) and 11% (AML) to 13% (AFL) higher than the S values obtained using the dual-region models, respectively.

Conclusions
The methodology employed in this study has shown improvements in organ parenchymal dosimetry through explicit consideration of blood self-dose for alpha particles (all energies) and for electrons at energies below ~ 100 keV.
A serological biomarker of type I collagen degradation is related to a more severe, high neutrophilic, obese asthma subtype
Authors: Rønnow Sarah Rank , Sand Jannie Marie Bülow , Staunstrup Line Mærsk , Bahmer Thomas , Wegmann Michael , Lunding Lars , Burgess Janette , Rabe Klaus , Sorensen Grith Lykke , Fuchs Oliver , Mutius Erika V. , Hansen Gesine , Kopp Matthias Volkmar , Karsdal Morten , Leeming Diana Julie , Weckmann Markus ,   the ALLIANCE Study Group as part of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease; therefore, biomarkers that can assist in the identification of subtypes and direct therapy are highly desirable. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degradation causing fragments of type I collagen that is released into circulation.

Objective
Here, we asked if MMP-generated type I collagen (C1M) was associated with subtypes of asthma.

Methods
C1M was serologically assessed at baseline in the adult participants of the All Age Asthma study (ALLIANCE) (n = 233), and in The Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor study (PERF) (n = 283). In addition, C1M was assessed in mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with OVA aerosol. C1M was evaluated in mice with and without acute neutrophilic inflammation provoked by poly(cytidylic-inosinic) acid and mice treated with CP17, a peptide inhibiting neutrophil accumulation.

Results
Serum C1M was significantly increased in asthmatics compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0005). We found the increased C1M levels in asthmatics were related to blood neutrophil and body mass index (BMI) in the ALLIANCE cohort, which was validated in the PERF cohort. When patients were stratified into obese (BMI > 30) asthmatics with high neutrophil levels and uncontrolled asthma, this group had a significant increase in C1M compared to normal-weight (BMI < 25) asthmatics with low neutrophil levels and controlled asthma (p = 0.0277). C1M was significantly elevated in OVA mice with acute neutrophilic inflammation compared to controls (P = 0.0002) and decreased in mice treated with an inhibitor of neutrophil infiltration (p = 0.047).

Conclusion & clinical relevance
C1M holds the potential to identify a subtype of asthma that relates to severity, obesity, and high neutrophils. These data suggest that C1M is linked to a subtype of overall inflammation, not only derived from the lung. The link between C1M and neutrophils were further validated in in vivo model.

Trial registration
(ALLIANCE, NCT02419274).
A hierarchical coordinated control strategy based on multi-port energy router of urban rail transit
Authors: Chen Richeng , Yang Yaxi , Jin Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe multi-port energy router (ER) is an effective topology for integrating train traction load, AC load, the energy storage system and photovoltaic(PV) energy. The start and stop process of urban rail transit trains and the access of distributed energy sources to rail transit ER lead to serious fluctuations of DC bus power, so it is necessary to route energy between different ports, involving multi-operating modes, while seamless switching is a major challenge. In this paper, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy is proposed to enable the multi-port ER to operate in a coordinated fashion under the conditions of train parking, acceleration, constant power driving and deceleration, and to switch seamlessly under various working conditions. The energy central dispatching layer sends working condition instructions by sampling the state information of each port, while the microgrid control layer adopts centralized control, receiving upper working condition instructions and sending drive signals to the local control layers to maintain the balanced energy flow of each port. In the local control layers, the PV adopts the improved perturbation and observation method of power control (PC-P&O), while the ES system adopts voltage loop control with an SOC influence factor, voltage loop control with switching factor and power loop control according to the different working conditions, so as to transmit the required train load power accurately and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical coordination control is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulations.
Identification of poor prognostic joint locations in an early rheumatoid arthritis cohort at risk of rapidly progressing disease: a post-hoc analysis of the Phase III AGREE study
Authors: Durez Patrick , Westhovens Rene , Baeke Femke , Elbez Yedid , Robert Sofie , Ahmad Harris A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous disease with established poor prognostic factors such as seropositivity, joint damage, and high disease activity at an early, treatment-naïve stage of disease. However, few studies have examined if specific joint locations are correlated with these factors in such a population. This analysis explored the potential correlation of individual swollen and erosive joints with other disease characteristics at baseline and with remission rates in a post-hoc analysis of the Phase III randomized AGREE study.

Methods
Methotrexate (MTX)-naïve, erosive, RF- and/or ACPA-positive early RA patients (N = 509) were retrospectively evaluated. Baseline joint swelling was analyzed for large and small joints. Baseline erosions were analyzed for wrist, MCP1–5, IP1, PIP2–5 and MTP1–5. Remission rates were assessed after 6 months of treatment with abatacept (ABA) + MTX (N = 256) or MTX (N = 253). The following statistical tests were used: Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables); Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test (continuous variables); continuity-corrected Chi-square test (efficacy remission endpoints).

Results
Baseline swelling was most frequent in wrist (91.9%) and MCP2 joint (89.1%), while baseline erosion was most frequent in MTP5 joint (43.5%). Swollen shoulder was significantly correlated (p < 0.0001) with swelling of almost all other large or medium joints. Baseline swelling in the knee, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), wrist and elbow was highly correlated (p < 0.001) with higher tender and swollen joint counts, higher DAS28(CRP) and higher SDAI and CDAI. Baseline swelling was not correlated with erosion per joint, except for MCP2. The largest difference in mean Boolean remission rates at 6 months was in patients with baseline swollen wrist favoring ABA + MTX (14.0% vs 4.4%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Swelling in the large and medium joints (knee, TMJ, elbow and wrist) was highly correlated with severe disease activity while MCP2 swelling seemed to be correlated with joint damage. The correlation of joint locations at an early, treatment-naïve stage with poor prognostic factors, higher disease activity and joint damage, could establish a rapidly progressing anatomical pattern in early RA.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00122382, registered July 2005.
Biological control and field evaluation of the predatory mite, Typhlodromus setubali Dosse (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in apple orchards
Authors: Ouassat Said , Allam Latifa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTyphlodromus setubaliDosse (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an indigenous predatory mite in Morocco. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy, through 3 release rates on 2 apple varieties, namely Skarlet and Golden delicious, with different initial densities of the European red spider mite,Panonychus ulmiKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae).ResultsThe efficacy of the predator was significantly influenced by the initialP. ulmidensity. Furthermore, the release rate of 50 individuals/tree did not provide effective control ofP. ulmi.When it was released at 100 and 200 individuals per tree,T. setubalimaintained theP. ulmipopulation below the economic threshold of 5 motile stages per leaf.ConclusionsWhen the initialP. ulmidensity is above the economic threshold, the lower release rate ofT. setubalimust be applied with high frequency or conciliated with a selective miticide treatment at a suitable dose for a successful biological control program. Further field-based studies are needed for perfect conclusions.
Molecular binding studies of anthocyanins with multiple antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Akinnusi Precious Ayorinde , Olubode Samuel Olawale , Salaudeen Wasiu Adeboye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The search for ideal drugs with absolute antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is still in place, and attention has been recently drawn to natural products. Several molecular targets have been identified as points of therapeutic intervention. The targets used in this study include SARS-CoV-2 helicase, spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, main protease, and human ACE-2. An integrative computer-aided approach, which includes molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, and pharmacokinetic profiling, was employed to identify anthocyanins with robust multiple antiviral activities against these SARS-CoV-2 targets.

Result
Four anthocyanins (Delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-glucoside, Cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside, Cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside), and Nasunin) with robust multiple inhibitory interactions were identified from a library of 118 anthocyanins using computer-aided techniques. These compounds exhibited very good binding affinity to the protein targets and moderate pharmacokinetic profiles. However, Cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside is reported to be the most suitable drug candidate with multiple antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 due to its good binding affinity to all five protein targets engaged in the study.

Conclusions
The anthocyanins reported in this study exhibit robust binding affinities and strong inhibitory molecular interactions with the target proteins and could be well exploited as potential drug candidates with potent multiple antiviral effects against COVID-19.
The varied experience of undergraduate students during the transition to mandatory online chem lab during the initial lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Watts Joseph , Crippen Kent J. , Payne Corey , Imperial Lorelie , Veige Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe radical global shift to online teaching that resulted from the initial lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic forced many science educators into the predicament of translating courses, including teaching laboratories, that were based upon face-to-face or practical goals and conventions into ones that could be delivered online. We used this phenomenon at the scale of a research-intensive, land-grant public institution to understand the various ways that the switch was experienced by a large cohort of 702 undergraduate students taking General Chemistry Laboratory. Data was collected over 3 weeks with identical surveys involving four prompts for open-ended responses. Analysis involved sequential explanatory mixed methods where topic modeling, a machine learning technique, was used to identify 21 topics. As categories of experience, these topics were defined and further delineated into 52 dimensions by inductive coding with constant comparison. Reported strengths and positive implications tie predominantly to the topics of Time Management Across a Lab Activity and a Critique of Instruction. Consistent with other reports of teaching and learning during the pandemic, participants perceived Availability of the Teaching Assistant for Help as a positive implication. Perceptions of weakness were most associated with Having to Work Individually, the Hands On Experience, a Critique of Instruction, and Learning by Doing. Hands on Experience, which was interpreted as the lack thereof, was the only topic made up nearly entirely of weaknesses and negative implications. The topic of Learning by Doing was the topic of greatest occurrence, but was equally indicated as strengths, positive implication, weakness, and negative implication. Ramifications are drawn from the weaknesses indicated by students who identified as members of an underrepresented ethnic minority. The results serve as a reminder that the student experience must be the primary consideration for any educational endeavor and needs to continue as a principal point of emphasis for research and development for online science environments.
Becker congenital myotonia in black African with molecular findings
Authors: Azonbakin Simon , Adovoekpe Diane , Adjagba Marius , Alao Jules , Sagbo Gratien , Adjien Constant , Laleye Anatole 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital myotonia is a congenital disorder that affects skeletal muscles with myotonia. Affected muscles show stiffness and pain sometimes. The two major types of myotonia congenita are known as Thomsen disease and Becker disease. These conditions are distinguished by the severity of their symptoms and their patterns of inheritance. The causative factor is mutations in CLCN1 gene. Myotonia congenita is rarely reported in black especially in black African.

Case presentation
This is a case report of Becker Congenital Myotonia in a 36-year-old male from Benin. The symptoms arose at the age of 7 years with regular and progressive course and muscles pains. Electromyogram, blood sampling, laboratory investigations and muscles biopsy confirm the diagnostic with molecular finding.

Conclusion
The authors report a case of Becker congenital myotonia in a black African with molecular confirmation.
Mexiletine was used as symptomatic agent with good results.
Multiple cardiac metastases from urothelial carcinoma case report
Authors: Grech Neil , Camilleri William , Borg Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac metastases are rare and frequently remain undiagnosed due to the absence of clinical signs in the majority of cases. Malignancies found to most commonly metastasise to the heart include lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma and lymphoma, while urothelial carcinoma is a rare cause of cardiac metastasis. The patient presented with pyrexia, a rare presentation of metastatic cardiac involvement. Single metastatic lesions are mainly reported in the literature, while multiple metastatic deposits such as in this case are less common.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old gentleman presented with frequent febrile spikes, a month after undergoing a nephroureterectomy for poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma. No febrile source was identified, and a computed tomography identified two cardiac lesions. A transthoracic echocardiogram could not detect the cardiac lesions; therefore, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed. Three spherical intramyocardial masses were noted at the basal septum, LV apex and the anteromedial papillary muscle. The lesions demonstrated signal characteristics suggestive of cardiac metastases (high fluid content, absence of fat, presence of a surrounding rim of increased extravascular space, absence of deformation within the masses) from the previously resected urothelial carcinoma. The patient was palliated, and he shortly succumbed to his condition.

Conclusions
Urothelial carcinoma is an exceedingly rare cause of cardiac metastasis. CMR is an important imaging modality for localisation and characterisation of suspicious cardiac lesions, aiding in the diagnosis of cardiac metastasis.