bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Electrochemical Properties of Solid‐state Supercapacitors with Redox Additives
Authors: Wang Bixia , Li Dunrong , Sun Minxi , Li Yongkang , Liang Junhao , Jing Yue , Du Jinchao , Hao Jiayi , Qin Wei , Wu Chun , Chen Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdding redox additives to conventional electrolytes is considered to be an effective method to improve electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors, which is ascribed to the additional Farady capacitance derived from the reversible redox reaction. Here, the influence of K3Fe(CN)6 on electrochemical properties for single electrode system and the assembled solid‐state supercapacitor are investigated. The carbon felt (CF) electrode in the mixed solution of K3Fe(CN)6/KCl exhibits remarkable specific capacitance of 2.45 F cm−2 after 5000 cycles, obviously much higher than conventional electrolyte KCl. The capacitance retention and the coulombic efficiency of the solid‐state supercapacitor maintains 86.5% and 97% after 2500 cycles, symmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 58 mWh L−1 at power density of 660 mW L−1. Furthermore, the solid‐state SCs exhibit excellent flexibility and four supercapacitors are capable of lighting up an LED lamp, demonstrating the potential of practical applications of the as‐prepared solid‐state SCs.
High cysteine concentrations in cell culture media lead to oxidative stress and reduced bioprocess performance of recombinant CHO cells
Authors: Komuczki Daniel , Stadermann Anna , Bentele Maximilian , Unsoeld Andreas , Grillari Johannes , Mueller Markus M. , Paul Albert , Fischer Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCysteine is considered an essential amino acid in the cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. An optimized cysteine supply during fed‐batch cultivation supports the protein production capacity of recombinant CHO cell lines. However, we observed that CHO production cell lines seeded at low cell densities in chemically defined media enriched with cysteine greater than 2.5 mm resulted in markedly reduced cell growth during passaging, hampering seed train performance and scale‐up. To investigate the underlying mechanism, seeding cell densities and initial cysteine concentrations ranging from low to high cysteine concentrations were varied followed by an analysis of cell culture performance. Additionally, cell cycle analysis, intracellular quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as transcriptomic analyses by next‐generation sequencing were carried out. Our results demonstrate that CHO cells seeded at low cell densities at high initial cysteine concentrations encountered increased oxidative stress leading to a p21‐mediated cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. The resulting oxidative stress caused redox imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of the unfolded protein response as well as the major antioxidant nuclear factor‐like 2 response pathways. Potential signature genes related to oxidative stress and the inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway were identified in the study. Finally, the study presents that seeding cells at a higher concentration counteract oxidative stress in cysteine‐enriched cell culture media.
Constructing multi‐enzymatic cascade reactions for selective production of 6‐bromoindirubin from tryptophan in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Jeongchan , Kim Joonwon , Kim Hyun , Park HyunA , Kim Jin Young , Kim Eun‐Jung , Yang Yung‐Hun , Choi Kwon‐Young , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract6‐Bromoindirubin (6BrIR), found in Murex sea snails, is a precursor of indirubin‐derivatives anticancer drugs. However, its synthesis remains limited due to uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways and difficulties in site‐specific bromination and oxidation at the indole ring. Here, we present an efficient 6BrIR production strategy in Escherichia coli by using four enzymes, that is, tryptophan 6‐halogenase fused with flavin reductase Fre (Fre‐L3‐SttH), tryptophanase (TnaA), toluene 4‐monooxygenase (PmT4MO), and flavin‐containing monooxygenase (MaFMO). Although most indole oxygenases preferentially oxygenate the electronically active C3 position of indole, PmT4MO was newly characterized to perform C2 oxygenation of 6‐bromoindole with 45% yield to produce 6‐bromo‐2‐oxindole. In addition, 6BrIR was selectively generated without indigo and indirubin byproducts by controlling the reducing power of cysteine and oxygen supply during the MaFMO reaction. These approaches led to 34.1 mg/L 6BrIR productions, making it possible to produce the critical precursor of the anticancer drugs only from natural ingredients such as tryptophan, NaBr, and oxygen.
Paraprofessionals delivering brief psychological interventions: Qualitative accounts of training and supervision
Authors: Maciag Rachel , Travers‐Hill Emma , Morrison Nicholas R. , Kim Youngsuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimIn response to the ever‐increasing demand for access to mental health provisions in the United Kingdom, there have been innovative studies examining brief interventions. Some services are increasing their efforts to train and supervise paraprofessionals to deliver brief, low‐intensity psychological interventions. It is essential to consider paraprofessionals' experiences in acquiring and providing new interventions. This qualitative improvement project aimed to learn about paraprofessionals' experiences of receiving training and supervision to provide brief psychological interventions.MethodsAll providing paraprofessionals in two secondary care adult mental health community teams in the East of England completed a semi‐structured interview, which was transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsSelf‐directed learning helped build participants' understanding of the interventions and repeating procedural skills helped build their confidence. Shadowing, peer support and availability of supervising psychologists emerged as important factors in the service of learning. Following the skill acquisition stage, many participants described an increase in their comfort to work flexibly and reported being patient‐centred in their approach. Paraprofessionals described natural uncertainties arising when learning a new intervention, demonstrating self‐reflection over their practice.DiscussionThis qualitative improvement project provides evidence that recognised learning processes and models in developing therapists' skills are also applicable to paraprofessionals with little experience. With a focus on using manuals to ensure consistency of the delivery of interventions, the paraprofessionals' journey also highlights the different needs in ever‐changing community settings. Future research directions are considered.
Autologous blood pleurodesis for surgical pneumothorax and outcome with multimodal cancer treatment in a dog with primary pulmonary mast cell tumor
Authors: Shinsako Daniel , Masyr Alison R. , Vieson Miranda , Gleason Hadley E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA dog underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a mass. Histopathology was consistent with narrow resection of a mast cell tumor. Postoperative pneumothorax was successfully treated using autologous blood pleurodesis. Progression of disease despite adjunctive treatment with several chemotherapetutic agents and radiation therapy resulted in euthanasia approximately 4 months postoperatively.
Encapsulated Neutral Ruthenium Catalyst for Substrate‐Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Hkiri Shaima , Steinmetz Maxime , Schurhammer Rachel , Sémeril David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe neutral complex dichloro‐{diethyl[(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylamino)‐(4‐trifluoro‐methylphenyl)methyl]phosphonate} (p‐cymene)‐ruthenium(II) was encapsulated inside a self‐assembled hexameric host obtained upon reaction of 2,8,14,20‐tetra‐undecyl‐resorcin[4]arene and water. The formation of an inclusion complex was inferred from a combination of spectral measurements (MS, UV/Vis spectroscopy,1H and DOSY NMR). The31P and19F NMR spectra are consistent with motions of the ruthenium complex inside the self‐assembled capsule. Molecular dynamics simulations carried out on the inclusion complex confirmed these intra‐cavity movements and highlighted possible supramolecular interactions between the ruthenium first coordination sphere ligands and the inner part (aromatic rings) of the capsule. The embedded ruthenium complex was assessed in the catalytic oxidation (using NaIO4as oxidant) of mixtures of three arylmethyl alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes. The reaction kinetics were shown to vary as a function of the substrates’ size, with the oxidation rate varying in the order benzylalcohol >4‐phenyl‐benzylalcohol >9‐anthracenemethanol. Control experiments realized in the absence of hexameric capsule did not allow any discrimination between the substrates.
Metallic Inverse Opal Frameworks as Catalyst Supports for High‐Performance Water Electrooxidation
Authors: Nguyen Tam D. , Hoogeveen Dijon A. , Cherepanov Pavel V. , Dinh Khang N. , van Zeil Daniel , Varga Joseph F. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Simonov Alexandr N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh intrinsic activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is often limited by their low electrical conductivity. To address this, we introduce copper inverse opal (IO) frameworks offering a well‐developed network of interconnected pores as highly conductive high‐surface‐area supports for thin catalytic coatings, for example, the extremely active but poorly conducting nickel‐iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe LDH). Such composites exhibit significantly higher OER activity in 1 m KOH than NiFe LDH supported on a flat substrate or deposited as inverse opals. The NiFe LDH/Cu IO catalyst enables oxygen evolution rates of 100 mA cm−2 (727±4 A gcatalyst−1) at an overpotential of 0.305±0.003 V with a Tafel slope of 0.044±0.002 V dec−1. This high performance is achieved with 2.2±0.4 μm catalyst layers, suggesting compatibility of the inverse‐opal‐supported catalysts with membrane electrolyzers, in contrast to similarly performing 103‐fold thicker electrodes based on foams and other substrates.
Metabolic rescue ameliorates mitochondrial encephalo‐cardiomyopathy in murine and human iPSC models of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Yoon Jin‐Young , Daneshgar Nastaran , Chu Yi , Chen Biyi , Hefti Marco , Vikram Ajit , Irani Kaikobad , Song Long‐Sheng , Brenner Charles , Abel E. Dale , London Barry , Dai Dao‐Fu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMice with deletion of complex I subunit Ndufs4 develop mitochondrial encephalomyopathy resembling Leigh syndrome (LS). The metabolic derangement and underlying mechanisms of cardio‐encephalomyopathy in LS remains incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed echocardiography, electrophysiology, confocal microscopy, metabolic and molecular/morphometric analysis of the mice lacking Ndufs4. HEK293 cells, human iPS cells‐derived cardiomyocytes and neurons were used to determine the mechanistic role of mitochondrial complex I deficiency.ResultsLS mice develop severe cardiac bradyarrhythmia and diastolic dysfunction. Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPS‐CMs) with Ndufs4 deletion recapitulate LS cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a direct link between complex I deficiency, decreased intracellular (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) NAD+/NADH and bradyarrhythmia, mediated by hyperacetylation of the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, particularly at K1479 site. Neuronal apoptosis in the cerebellar and midbrain regions in LS mice was associated with hyperacetylation of p53 and activation of microglia. Targeted metabolomics revealed increases in several amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates, likely due to impairment of NAD+‐dependent dehydrogenases, and a substantial decrease in reduced Glutathione (GSH). Metabolic rescue by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation increased intracellular NAD+/ NADH, restored metabolic derangement, reversed protein hyperacetylation through NAD+‐dependent Sirtuin deacetylase, and ameliorated cardiomyopathic phenotypes, concomitant with improvement of NaV1.5 current and SERCA2a function measured by Ca2+‐transients. NR also attenuated neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in the LS brain and human iPS‐derived neurons with Ndufs4 deletion.ConclusionsOur study reveals direct mechanistic explanations of the observed cardiac bradyarrhythmia, diastolic dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis in mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) models of LS.
Monitoring anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell population by flow cytometry and its consistency with digital droplet polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Cheng Jiali , Mao Xia , Chen Caixia , Long Xiaolu , Chen Liting , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhu Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T cell therapy has produced impressive clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell malignancies. As a living drug, monitoring the pharmacokinetics of CAR T cells in vivo is an important part of clinical work, which provides valuable information for assessing therapeutic response and related side effects. However, no guidelines are available regarding the detection and quantification of CAR T cells. Flow cytometry is a convenient and commonly used method in monitoring CAR T cell kinetics, but its performance remains to be validated. By using a commercial anti‐idiotype antibody that detects unique epitopes on the most popular CAR19 construct, we evaluated important performance parameters, including specificity, lower limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, and precision of flow cytometry in the detection and quantification of CAR19 T cells. Consistency between the results generated by flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR was then investigated in 188 pairs of clinical data and in cell line experiments. Rabbit anti‐mouse FMC63 monoclonal antibody possesses high specificity in the detection of CAR19 positive cells by FCM with a cut‐off value of 0.05%. The results produced by flow cytometry and ddPCR were well correlated in the clinical samples and in cell lines, but the correlation deteriorated as the abundance of CAR19 positive cells decreased. This was especially evident with less than 0.5% of lymphocytes in clinical data, possibly due to reduced precision (indicated by intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variability) of both droplet digital PCR and flow cytometry. We demonstrated that flow cytometry using anti‐idiotype antibody is a reliable and robust approach in the detection and quantification of CAR19 T cells in vivo and has good consistency with droplet digital PCR in monitoring CAR19 T cell kinetics.
A droplet‐based electricity generator with ultrahigh instantaneous output and short charging time
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Huimin , Xu Wanghuai , Gu Haojie , Ye Shimeng , Zheng Huanxi , Song Yuxin , Wang Zuankai , Zhou Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe past several years have witnessed the rapid development in effectively transforming randomly distributed water kinetic energy into electrical energy, especially triggered by the emergence of droplet‐based electricity generators (DEG). Despite this, it still suffers from relatively low average power density, which is also achieved at the cost of long charging time, the time to reach stable and saturated surface charge density either through continuous droplet impingement or precharging. Although the harvested energy per droplet in DEG remains as the dominant metric, ultrahigh instantaneous output and short charging time are equally important in some specialized applications such as instantaneous luminescence. Here, we conduct systematical modeling and optimization to build the link between the hydrodynamic and electrical systems, which enables us to determine ultrahigh instantaneous output and short charging time by tailoring parameters such as dielectric layer thickness, droplet ion concentration, and external load. We envision that this strategy in achieving ultrahigh instantaneous output as well as shortening charging time would provide insights and design routes for water energy harvesting.
Pneumatic programmable superrepellent surfaces
Authors: Hu Songtao , Cao Xiaobao , Reddyhoff Tom , Ding Xijia , Shi Xi , Dini Daniele , deMello Andrew J. , Peng Zhike , Wang Zuankai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMorphological transformation of surface structures is widely manifested in nature and highly preferred for many applications such as wetting interaction; however, in situ tuning of artificial morphologies independent of smart responsive materials remains elusive. Here, with the aid of microfluidics, we develop a pneumatic programmable superrepellent surface by tailoring conventional wetting materials (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) with embedded flexible chambers connecting a microfluidic system, thus realizing a morphological transformation for enhanced liquid repellency based on a nature‐inspired rigid‐flexible hybrid principle (i.e., triggering symmetry breaking and oscillator coupling mechanisms). The enhancement degree can be in situ tuned within around 300 ms owing to pneumatically controllable chamber morphologies. We also demonstrate that the surface can be freely programmed to achieve elaborated morphological pathways and gradients for preferred droplet manipulation such as directional rolling and bouncing. Our study highlights the potential of an in situ morphological transformation to realize tunable wettability and provides a programmable level of droplet control by intellectualizing conventional wetting materials.
White‐tailed deer exploit temporal refuge from multi‐predator and human risks on roads
Authors: Kautz Todd M. , Fowler Nicholas L. , Petroelje Tyler R. , Beyer Dean E. , Duquette Jared F. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough most prey have multiple predator species, few studies have quantified how prey respond to the temporal niches of multiple predators which pose different levels of danger. For example, intraspecific variation in diel activity allows white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to reduce fawn activity overlap with coyotes (Canis latrans) but finding safe times of day may be more difficult for fawns in a multi‐predator context. We hypothesized that within a multi‐predator system, deer would allocate antipredation behavior optimally based on combined mortality risk from multiple sources, which would vary depending on fawn presence. We measured cause‐specific mortality of 777 adult (>1‐year‐old) and juvenile (1–4‐month‐old) deer and used 300 remote cameras to estimate the activity of deer, humans, and predators including American black bears (Ursus americanus), bobcats (Lynx rufus), coyotes, and wolves (Canis lupus). Predation and vehicle collisions accounted for 5.3 times greater mortality in juveniles (16% mortality from bears, coyotes, bobcats, wolves, and vehicles) compared with adults (3% mortality from coyotes, wolves, and vehicles). Deer nursery groups (i.e., ≥1 fawn present) were more diurnal than adult deer without fawns, causing fawns to have 24–38% less overlap with carnivores and 39% greater overlap with humans. Supporting our hypothesis, deer nursery groups appeared to optimize diel activity to minimize combined mortality risk. Temporal refuge for fawns was likely the result of carnivores avoiding humans, simplifying diel risk of five species into a trade‐off between diurnal humans and nocturnal carnivores. Functional redundancy among multiple predators with shared behaviors may partially explain why white‐tailed deer fawn predation rates are often similar among single‐ and multi‐predator systems.
The use of remote sensing indices to understand flood‐recharged soil moisture impacts on trees in semi‐arid floodplains: A review
Authors: Pedzisai Ezra , Mutanga Onisimo , Odindi John , Mushore Terence Darlington 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRemote sensing indices (RSIs) are essential for detection, mapping and monitoring of floods, soil moisture and tree characteristics. An understanding of the nexus between flood‐recharged soil moisture (FRSM) and endangered biodiversity tree hotspots in semi‐arid floodplains is critical. Specifically, the influence of FRSM on biophysical characteristics of keystone tree species with social, economic, ecological and environmental functions is crucial. However, the use of RSIs to understand the link between episodic floods, FRSM and trees, as well as their respective spatiotemporal dynamics within the semi‐arid floodplains, remains largely unexplored. Hence, this study reviewed literature on the adoption of RSIs in understanding short‐term phenological and long‐term tree structural changes arising from flood‐related infiltration. The reviewed literature shows the predominance of the normalised difference water index, the land surface water index and normalised difference vegetation index for flood, FRSM and tree mapping. The review also shows the emergence of SAR‐based normalised difference flood index for understanding the impacts of FRSM on riparian trees. Although the review identified an increase in data availability, however, there are high costs of active commercial remote sensing data of superior quality and computing resources. Furthermore, available free data are incapable of penetrating canopies and have coarse spatial resolution constraining the use of RSIs to understand the impacts of FRSM on trees. In view of increasing free SAR data and cloud‐based computing resources, application of emerging deep learning algorithms offers prospects for the use of RSIs to understand the impacts of FRSM on riparian trees.
Late Jurassic Wenjiaping high Sr/Y granite: A product of partial melting of the Precambrian basement rocks trigged by lithospheric extension in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt, SW China
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Wenchang , Zhou Qing , Zhang Huihua , Li Tongzhu , Dai Yanpei , Shen Zhanwu , Tang Gaolin , Wang Changnan 
Published: July 2022

The Wenjiaping granite, as one of the few Late Jurassic granites in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt (SGFB), can provide an important clue for comprehensively recognizing the tectonic evolution and mineralization of this belt. In this contribution, we present new age and geochemical data for this pluton to better constrain its petrogenesis and discuss the tectonic and metallogenic implications. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Wenjiaping pluton was emplaced at ~159 Ma. The granite contains minor amphibole, and exhibits slightly peraluminous characteristics (A/CNK = 1.03–1.10) and lower initial Sr–Pb isotope ratios than those of the Liwu Group, which excludes the possibility that the Wenjiaping granite was derived from partial melting of the metasedimentary rock‐dominated Liwu Group as previously suggested. Significantly, high Sr/Y (40.93–54.30), LaN/YbN (39.64–56.64), and K2O/NaO (0.77–1.11) ratios, low MgO (0.47%–0.86%) and Cr (25.1–41.3 ppm) contents, and relatively enriched Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope compositions of the Wenjiaping granite are comparable to those of the Late Triassic adakitic rocks in the SGFB, indicating that they probably share a similar source. Combined with previous researches, we propose that large‐scale detachment of the Jianglang dome caused by post‐collisional lithospheric extension in the SGFB‐induced decompressional partial melting of the Precambrian basement rocks can account for the generation of the Late Jurassic Wenjiaping pluton. In addition, our results also suggest that the Wenjiaping pluton probably cannot supply abundant metal elements for the Liwu‐type Cu‐polymetallic deposits in the Jianglang dome, SGFB.