bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) in universal services: Qualitative interviews with health visitors
Authors: Bird Philippa K , Hindson Zoe , Dunn Abigail , Cronin de Chavez Anna , Dickerson Josie , Howes Joanna , Bywater Tracey 
Published: March 2022

Background: A secure parent-infant relationship lays the foundations for children’s development, however there are currently no measurement tools recommended for clinical practice. We evaluate the clinical utility of a structured assessment of the parent-infant relationship (the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale, MPAS) in a deprived, multi-ethnic urban community in England. This paper answers the question: what are health visitors’ views on the parent-infant relationship, and experiences of piloting the MPAS? It explores the barriers and facilitators to implementation, and complements the paper on psychometric properties and representativeness reported in Dunn et al (submitted). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 health visitors and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Health visitors saw identification and support of the parent-infant relationship as an important part of their role, and reported benefits of the MPAS, including opening conversation, and identifying and reporting concerns. Challenges included timing and workload, the appropriateness of language, perceived intrusiveness and understanding of the questions, and the length of the tool. Suggestions for improvements to the tool were put forwards. Conclusions: The experiences, benefits and challenges identified help to explain results in Dunn et al, and the wide-ranging challenges identified would hinder assessment of the parent-infant relationship in routine practice. Further work with health professionals and parents has been undertaken to co-produce an acceptable, feasible and reliable tool for clinical practice.
A DISPUTA PELO CONTROLE DAS TERRAS E A SITUAÇÃO DOS TERRITÓRIOS QUILOMBOLAS NO AMAPÁ
Authors: Soares Liliane Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

O texto discute a situação dos quilombolas no Amapá no acesso e permanência na terra, onde a permanência constitui-se resiliência. Neste sentido, o artigo objetiva analisar os entraves no processo de permanência/regularização dos territórios quilombolas e compreender a relação/atuação das instituições dentro deste processo de disputa territorial. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se durante o doutorado em 2018. A metodologia pautou-se na utilização de entrevistas com questões orientadoras, intencionando a coleta de depoimentos de quilombolas e não quilombolas. A discussão proposta no artigo apoiou-se nos relatos das lideranças quilombolas das comunidades do Ambé, Curiaú, Santo Antônio da Pedreira e nas instituições INCRA, IMAP, APROSOJA e CPT que abrangem a temática territorial dos quilombos no Amapá. Defende-se a ideia de que o processo lento de demarcação das terras, além das recentes alterações nas legislações fundiárias, colabora para a ocorrência de conflitos territoriais.
How safe are e-cigarettes for patients with COPD? A systematic review
Authors: Brook Joanne , Turner Mary 
Published: March 2022

The use of e-cigarettes has risen rapidly in recent years. Joanne Brook and Dr Mary Turner performed a systematic review to identify if e-cigarettes are appropriate for patients with COPD Background: A high smoking-related burden is placed on health services in diagnosing, treating and managing associated long-term illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While there are many smoking cessation options available, the use of e-cigarettes has risen rapidly. Aim: To identify if the promotion of e-cigarettes is an appropriate intervention for patients with COPD. Methods: A systematic process was used to search databases and identify research papers detailing the effects of e-cigarettes on pulmonary health outcomes in COPD; analysis identified five main themes. Findings: Eight papers were reviewed. Findings support current clinical guidance endorsing the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation; however, COPD patients may be at greater risk of inflammatory responses, exacerbation, disease progression and worsening general health. Conclusion: The effects of e-cigarettes are not fully understood, but they are not risk-free. More evidence is needed about both the short and long-term impact of their use in this cohort.
ACT NOW! A practical toolkit for amputation reduction
Authors: Robbie Jayne , Edmonds Mike , Phillips Anne , Odiase Charles , Beckwith Anita , Diggle Jane , Holmes Patrick , Grummitt John , Walker Kate 
Published: March 2022

People living with diabetes are at risk of foot ulcers, leading to amputations. Jayne Robbie, in collaboration with the iDEAL group, discusses how ACT NOW can provide a practical toolkit to reduce amputations in this group Foot problems are often associated with multiple limb-threatening co-morbidities for people with diabetes. It has been suggested that many of these amputations could be avoided if foot ulcers are effectively detected, assessed, referred and rapidly treated in order to optimise healing. All health professionals in both primary and secondary care can have a pivotal role to play to reduce major amputations by 50%. Adopting ACT NOW and using this tool routinely, can reduce the unacceptably high volume of major amputations.
Characterization of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ciprofloxacin panel for an antimicrobial resistant Isolate Bank
Authors: Liu Hsi , Tang Kevin , Pham Cau D. , Schmerer Matthew , Kersh Ellen N. , Raphael Brian H. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) infection is one of the most commonly reported nationally notifiable conditions in the United States. Gonococcus has developed antimicrobial resistance to each previously used antibiotic for gonorrhea therapy. However, some isolates may be still susceptible to no longer recommended, yet still effective antibiotics. This in turn suggests that targeted therapy could slow resistance development to currently recommended empirical treatments. We curated a gonococcal Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank panel (Cipro-panel) as a tool for validating or developing new tests to determine ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Method
The Cipro-panel was selected using whole genome sequencing, bioinformatic tools, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data. Isolates were further selected based on nucleotide variations in gyrA and parC genes.

Results
We selected 14 unique N. gonorrhoeae isolates from the 2006–2012 Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) collection. They represented a wide range of antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and commonly observed nucleotide variations of gyrA and parC genes. This Cipro-panel consists of 5 isolates with resistant phenotypes (MIC > = 1 μg/mL), 8 isolates with susceptible phenotypes (MIC < = 0.06 μg/mL), and 1 isolate falling in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute defined intermediate range. Among the gyrA variations we observed a total of 18 SNPs. Four positions had nonsynonymous changes (nucleotide positions 272, 284, 1093, and 1783). The first two positions (272 and 284) have been linked previously with resistance to ciprofloxacin (i.e. amino acid positions 91 and 95). For the parC gene, we observed a total of 21 possible SNPs. Eight of those SNPs resulted in non-synonymous amino acid changes. One location (amino acid 87) has been previously reported to be associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Conclusions
This Cipro-Panel is useful for researchers interested in developing clinical tests related to ciprofloxacin. It could also provide additional choices for validation, quality assurance purposes and improve antibiotic usage.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women assisted in a high-risk maternity hospital in Brazil: Clinical aspects and obstetric outcomes
Authors: Ferrugini Carolina Loyola Prest , Boldrini Neide Aparecida Tosato , Costa Franco Luis Salume , Salgueiro Michelle Anne de Oliveira Batista , Coelho Pamella Dunga de Paula , Miranda Angelica Espinosa 
Published: March 2022

Background
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the possible development of serious illness, and the possibility of severe obstetric outcomes highlight the importance of addressing SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric management.

Methods and findings
A cross-sectional study of pregnant women assisted in a high-risk maternity hospital in Brazil in 2020. All patients admitted for delivery or miscarriage care were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for immunoglobulin (I)gM, and/or IgG by immunochromatography. Clinical aspects and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. A total of 265 pregnant women were included in the study. There were 38 (14.4%) PCR positive cases during pregnancy, 12 (31.6%) on admission screening, and 71(27.2%) patients were IgM- and/or IgG-positive. Among the participants, 86 (32.4%) had at least one positive test during pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients had greater contact with known positive patients (p = 0.005). The most frequently reported symptoms were runny nose, cough, loss of smell and taste, headache, and fever. There was also a 35% rate of asymptomatic infections and a 4.6% rate of severe or critical infections. Patients exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a higher incidence of preterm delivery, cesarean section, need for resuscitation in the delivery room, Apgar score <7 at 5 min, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and jaundice. Newborns with at least one positive test had a significantly greater need for phototherapy after delivery (p = 0.05). The results showed a high rate of positive tests among newborns (37.5%), which seems to be compatible with both neonatal and perinatal infection.

Conclusions
It is important to further investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including the clinical course and the possibility of adverse outcomes with impact on maternal and fetal health, regardless of the development of symptoms.
Hospitalization costs of coronaviruses diseases in upper-middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Martins Johnny Wallef Leite , Lucchetta Rosa Camila , Ramalho Gabriel Sodré , Trevisani Giulia Fernandes Moça , da Rocha Aline Pereira , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Reis Felipe Sebastião de Assis , Ferla Laura Jantsch , Mastroianni Patrícia de Carvalho , Correa Luci , Saconato Humberto , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça 
Published: March 2022

Background
COVID-19, SARS and MERS are diseases that present an important health burden worldwide. This situation demands resource allocation to the healthcare system, affecting especially middle- and low-income countries. Thus, identifying the main cost drivers is relevant to optimize patient care and resource allocation.

Objective
To systematically identify and summarize the current status of knowledge on direct medical hospitalization costs of SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 in Upper-Middle-Income Countries.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review across seven key databases (PubMed, EMBASE, BVS Portal, CINAHL, CRD library, MedRxiv and Research Square) from database inception to February 2021. Costs extracted were converted into 2021 International Dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity-adjusted. The assessment of quality was based on the protocol by the BMJ and CHEERS. PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020225757.

Results
No eligible study about SARS or MERS was recovered. For COVID-19, five studies presented cost analysis performed in Brazil, China, Iran, and Turkey. Regarding total direct medical costs, the lowest cost per patient at ward was observed in Turkey ($900.08), while the highest in Brazil ($5,093.38). At ICU, the lowest was in Turkey ($2,984.78), while the highest was in China ($52,432.87). Service care was the most expressive (58% to 88%) cost driver of COVID-19 patients at ward. At ICU, there was no consensus between service care (54% to 87%) and treatment (72% to 81%) as key burdens of total cost.

Conclusion
Our findings elucidate the importance of COVID-19 on health-economic outcomes. The marked heterogeneity among studies leaded to substantially different results and made challenging the comparison of data to estimate pooled results for single countries or regions. Further studies concerning cost estimates from standardized analysis may provide clearer data for a more substantial analysis. This may help care providers and policy makers to organize care for patients in the most efficient way.
A look back at the first wave of COVID-19 in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality and health care resource use among severe or critical patients
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Hu Peng , Xu Xiaowei , Ai Jingwen , Li Yang , Bao Yun , Tangamornsuksan Wimonchat , Chan Alain , Xie Shelley , Hu Hao , Liang Shuting , Zhang Wenhong , Xie Feng 
Published: March 2022

Background
To investigate the mortality and health care resource use among patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the first wave of pandemic in China.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the mortality, discharge rate, length of hospital stay, and use of invasive ventilation in severe or critical COVID-19 cases in China. We searched electronic databases for studies from China with no restrictions on language or interventions patients received. We screened records, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies in duplicate. We performed the meta-analysis using random-effect models through a Bayesian framework. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine studies by disease severity, study location and patient enrolment start date. We also performed sensitivity analysis using various priors, and assessed between-study heterogeneity and publication bias for the primary outcomes.

Results
Out of 6,205 titles and abstracts screened, 500 were reviewed in full text. A total of 42 studies were included in the review, of which 95% were observational studies (n = 40). The pooled 28-day and 14-day mortalities among severe or critical patients were 20.48% (7,136 patients, 95% credible interval (CrI), 13.11 to 30.70) and 10.83% (95% CrI, 6.78 to 16.75), respectively. The mortality declined over time and was higher in patients with critical disease than severe cases (1,235 patients, 45.73%, 95% CrI, 22.79 to 73.52 vs. 3,969 patients, 14.90%, 95% CrI, 4.70 to 39.57) and patients in Hubei compared to those outside Hubei (6,719 patients, 26.62%, 95% CrI, 13.11 to 30.70 vs. 244 patients, 5.88%, 95% CrI 2.03 to 14.11). The length of hospital stay was estimated at 18.48 days (6,847 patients, 95% CrI, 17.59 to 21.21), the 28-day discharge rate was 50.48% (3,645 patients, 95% CrI, 26.47 to 79.53), and the use of invasive ventilation rate was 13.46% (4,108 patients, 95% CrI, 7.61 to 22.31).

Conclusions
Our systematic review and meta-analysis found high mortality among severe and critical COVID-19 cases. Severe or critical COVID-19 cases consumed a large amount of hospital resources during the outbreak.
Graves’ disease diagnosed in remnant thyroid after lobectomy for thyroid cancer
Authors: Jin Meihua , Jang Ahreum , Kim Won Gu , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Jeon Min Ji 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe coexistence of Graves’ disease with thyroid cancer is well-known and total thyroidectomy is recommended in such cases. However, Graves’ disease might be dormant at the time of surgery and diagnosed after lobectomy for thyroid cancer.MethodsWe assessed the incidence and clinicopathological characteristic of newly developed Graves’ disease after lobectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019.ResultsIn all, 11043 patients underwent lobectomy for thyroid cancer during the study period, and 26 (0.2%) were diagnosed with Graves’ disease during follow-up. The median age was 43.8 years, 88.5% were female, and all were euthyroid before surgery. The median time from lobectomy to the diagnosis of Graves’ disease was 3.3 years. Half of the patients were diagnosed based on thyroid function tests during routine follow-up, and others were diagnosed due to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Among patients who had checked preoperative thyroid autoantibodies, 61.1% showed positivity. Twenty-one (80.8%), and 2 (7.7%) patients received antithyroid drugs and radioactive iodine therapy, respectively, and 3 (11.5%) underwent completion thyroidectomy.ConclusionAlthough rare, Graves’ disease can occur in the remnant thyroid after lobectomy. Such patients are more likely to have autoantibodies. An appropriate workup is required when hyperthyroidism is found during the follow-up of patients after lobectomy.
Reseña de: Debates y controversias en la cooperación al desarrollo. Fondos privados de ayuda, acuerdos neocoloniales y ayuda a refugiados
Authors: Azagra Ros Joaquin 
Published: March 2022

Reseña de la publicación de Gómez Gil, C. (2020). Debates y controversias en la cooperación al desarrollo. Fondos privados de ayuda, acuerdos neocoloniales y ayuda a refugiados. Alicante: Publicacions Universitat d´Alacant. Economía. Alicante. 152 pp. ISBN. 978-84-9717-733-7.
Early Adopters Driving Digital Literacy
Authors: Kimberley Jade , Suvandzhieva Katie 
Published: March 2022

The University of Nottingham International College moved the delivery of its pathway programmes online from March to August 2020, and since September 2020 has offered flexible learning modes for students wishing to study either on campus or online from their home country. The creation of engaging activities for online learners, which encourage them to actively collaborate and participate has been led by a group of digitally confident and curious tutors, coined by Rogers (2003) as ‘early adopters’. Their eagerness to explore and develop new activities, and in turn share these and support their peers in using them, has led to a significant general increase in digital literacy among the team. In July 2020, these tutors volunteered to co-host a ‘TEL Talks’ CPD event where various technologies were demonstrated and discussed by past and present teaching staff. Holding an online event enabled recordings and resources to be presented on an online repository, which is available as a reference point for tutors wishing to review or explore new learning technologies.
Successes in the increased use of learning technologies in online classes have been due to creating an environment where all tutors can ask each other for help and offer advice, and providing CPD opportunities to develop their skills as digital practitioners, and to encourage and recognise tutors who are in a position to showcase their skills and inspire others.
After the shift to online teaching and learning in 2020, it is clear that in some form, it is here to stay. This ‘on-the-horizon’ piece will reflect on how our early adopters have been resourced and encouraged, the impact they have had and how to continue staff development moving forward.
Creating playful spaces for collaborative development of online teaching capacity
Authors: Holford Naomi , Breeze Kate 
Published: March 2022

Transition to online learning presents technological and emotional challenges. Lack of attention to staff-student relationships, coupled with limitations in technology can be demotivating. Losing face-to-face contact has left academic staff with the hard work of reinventing themselves, finding new ways to assert their presence and humanity in what can be experienced as soulless and sometimes soul-destroying online environments. Professional development in online teaching can be reduced to top-down skills training in using specific tools. In this paper we argue for a more playful, collaborative approach to professional development, creating spaces for exploration, risk-taking, enjoyment and participation.
Ongoing changes in technologies and a shift to almost entirely online learning in the Open University has required us to work differently with students. Most OU tuition is done by associate lecturers, on fractional contracts when this project was carried out, who work closely with students but rarely create curriculum, assessment or strategy. This reflects a wider trend within the HE sector towards casualised, precarious labour, with those closest to students often lacking power.
This paper reflects on a scholarship project focused on the lived experience of four associate lecturers, negotiating the transition from blended to entirely online tuition, working with two full-time academic staff. Participants differed in experience and enthusiasm for online learning; some keen 'early adopters', others closer to the 'reluctant majority'. Using action learning sets, online spaces and pedagogical practices were explored through shared self-reflections. Building strong relationships between colleagues created space where they could safely experiment. We argue that such 'playful learning' (Nørgård et al., 2017) is key for professional development. It can address reluctance to embrace new technologies and empower participants to reclaim their professional identity and expertise. Participants shifted from considering online learning as an obstacle, to seeing new opportunities to create democratic, inclusive, and collaborative learning spaces.
Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
Authors: Nar Melek , Arslankaya Seher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid increase of the population and the number of motor vehicles brought about the transportation problem today. It has brought the efforts of the operators to determine the headway of the vehicles during the day in order to minimize the waiting times of the passengers at the stops and increase the satisfaction of the passengers, taking into account the passenger demand. Nowadays, especially during the current pandemic period (COVID-19), passenger demand forecasting becomes much more significant, so that measures can be taken and headway planning can be made to adjust the social distance by identifying the number of passengers in advance. In this study, the significance of demand forecasting in the railway sector is considered, and the study tackles the issue in two stages: on line and station basis that make the study different from others. In the first stage of the study, passenger demand forecasting is made on line basis with statistical techniques such as regression analysis and simple average, the mean absolute percentage error values are calculated and compared. Regression analysis is conducted with SPSS Statistics 21.0 programme. In the second stage of the study, passenger demand forecasting is made with artificial neural network and machine learning (ML) algorithms technique on station basis and the error values (mean absolute error, BIAS, mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean squared error) are compared. As a result of the study, while the best demand forecasting method is simple average on line basis, it is seen that the most successful and reliable results for demand forecasting on station basis are obtained through decision tree, which is one of the ML algorithms.