bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Thc: Cbd Cannabis Extract in Main Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease: Agitation and Weight Loss
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , MsC Maria Vadalà 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Ten million new cases of dementia are recorded annually worldwide, with agitation and idiopathic weight loss being the most common symptoms. Several pharmacological therapies have emerged in recent years, but the clinical use of cannabis extracts in older patients with AD is constantly growing. This retrospective, analytical, observational, spontaneous trial aimed to enhance the clinical action of THC: CBD cannabis extract administration in AD patients with severe symptoms such as agitation, weight loss, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbance.METHODS: Thirty patients (9 men and 21 women) diagnosed with mild, moderate, or severe AD, aged 65-90 years, appealing to our Second Opinion Medical Consultation (Modena, Italy), were enrolled and required to use oil-diluted cannabis extract, Bedrocan® (22% THC, 0.5% CBD, Olive Oil 50 ml), twice a day for 12 weeks. The efficacy of cannabinoid therapy was evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after therapy, employing three self-administered questionnaires completed by the parents of the enrolled patients: NPI-Q, CMAI, and MMSE.KEY FINDINGS: The NPI-Q demonstrated a reduction (p<0.0001) in agitation, apathy, irritability, sleep disturbances, and eating disturbances, consequently improving caregiver distress. Levels of physically and verbally aggressive behaviours, measured using the CMAI questionnaire, were lower (p<0.0001) in all patients. The MMSSE questionnaire confirmed a significant decrease (p<0.0001) in cognitive impairment in 45% of the patients.CONCLUSION: Our anecdotical, spontaneous, and observational study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of oil-diluted cannabis extract in patients with AD. The limitations of our study are: 1) small patient cohort, 2) absence of control group, 3) self-administered questionnaires that are the most practical but not objective instruments to assess the neurologic functions of AD patients.
The gene expression features reveal the connection between chloride-relevant gene and disease
Authors: Huang Yanruo , Wang Qihang , Peng Yunsong , Du Wenjie , Wang Qi , Qi Jiangtao , Hao Zijian , Wang Yingwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chloride-mediated signals are involved in forming neural function during development and maintaining its stability in adulthood. The chloride homeostasis is synergistically controlled by various chloride-relevant genes, but their intrinsic relationships remain not fully understood. In this study, an expression profiling of the human brain with different developmental periods was used for the gene expression pattern analysis. Functional analysis for the different expression patterns was performed to explain the functional distinctions of chloride-relevant genes. The major distribution of chloride-relevant genes in single-cell and brain region were investigated to present their spatial expression features. Further exploration was conducted for the relationship between the above expression characteristics of those genes and central nervous system disorders. We found that the chloride-relevant genes regular the specific biological function rather than extensive functions. Additionally, the distribution of chloride-relevant genes is correlated with the pathological regions. Finally, we tested that one of the most well-known chloride-relevant gene SLC12A2 may take an even more important effect on glial cells rather than neurons. Our findings provide a more comprehensive view to explain the temporal and spatial expression characteristics of chloride-relevant genes, which can help to understand the complex roles of chloride-relevant genes in both the development of the normal human brain and the etiology of brain disorders.
Performance of Effective Arterial Elastance as Predictor of Mean Arterial Pressure in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock Receiving Fluid Expansion: A Validation Study by Regression Analysis
Authors: Sutherasan Yuda , Junhasavasdikul Detajin , Petnak Tanachai , Theerawit Pongdhep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backgroundwe conducted this study to compare four arterial load parameters and determine which arterial load parameters directly impacted arterial pressure regarding pressure, flow, and arterial system relationship.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with sepsis who underwent volume expansion (VE). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after VE. The relationship between the change of mean arterial pressure (%MAP) and that of the dynamic arterial elastance (EaDyn), effective arterial elastance (Eaeff), net arterial elastance (EaNet), and net arterial resistance (RaNet) was analyzed.ResultsSixty-two patients were included. The DEaDyn(%) was not correlated with DMAP(%) (r=0.048, P=0.826). Meanwhile, DEaeff(%), DEaNet(%), and DRaNet(%) were correlated with DMAP(%) (r=0.495, P<0.001; r=0.453, P<0.001; and r=0.485, P<0.001, respectively). A multiple linear regression model was analyzed for identifying predictors of DMAP(%) by including DCO(%) and each %change of arterial parameters. The best-fit model was found by including DCO(%) and DEaeff(%) in the regression equation (R2=0.823, adjusted R2=0.817). The model was adjusted by age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, arterial lactate level, norepinephrine dosage, ventilator setting, method of VE, and fluid responsiveness and found that DCO(%) and DEaeff(%) remained statistically significant predictors of DMAP(%) (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe Eaeff was the best AL parameter that correlated with the changes in MAP. Furthermore, the model that included the ∆Eaeff(%) provided the best predictive performance for ∆MAP(%) induced by VE, independent of the fluid responsiveness and norepinephrine dosage.
Categorizing animal diel movement patterns with examples from high-resolution barn owl tracking
Authors: Vissat Ludovica Luisa , Cain Shlomo , Nathan Ran , Toledo Sivan , Spiegel Orr , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background. Movement is central to understanding the ecology of animals. The most easily definable segments of an individual’s lifetime track (i.e., movement path defined by a relocation data time series) are its diel activity routines (DARs). This definability is due to fixed start and end points set by a 24-hour clock that depends on the individual’s quotidian schedule. An analysis of day-today variation in the DARs of individuals and the questions that can be asked, particularly in the context of lunar and annual cycles, and in comparison with other individuals, depends the relocation frequency of movement data. Here we present methods for categorizing the spatio-temporal structure of DARs when the data sampling frequency is on the order of minutes or higher. Methods. Our method involves an initial categorization of DARs with regard to the data pooled across all individuals. We approached this categorization using a Ward clustering algorithm that employs four metrics of trajectory shape (though other measures may equally well be used): 1. openness (distance between start and endpoints, aka net displacement), 2. maximum displacement from start point, 3. maximum diameter, and 4. maximum width. We illustrate the general approach using reverse-GPS data obtained from 44 barn owls, Tyto alba, in northeastern Israel. Results. We clustered 6,230 individual DARs into 7 categories. The first component of principle components analysis, which had the interpretation of DAR size, explained 86.5% of variation. The second, which essentially measure DAR openness, explained 8.4% of variation. We also constructed spatio-temporal distributions of DAR types for individuals and groups of individuals aggregated by age, sex, and seasonal trimester, as well as analyzed the idiosyncratic behavior of individuals within family groups in relation to landscape features. Conclusion. Insights into the types and distributions of DARs in populations may well prove to be more invaluable for predicting the space-use response of individuals and populations to climate and land-use changes than other currently used movement track methods of analysis. anisms of organismal movement, analyzed primarily using relocation data, often collected
Use of Electronic Health Record Best Practice Alerts to Improve Adherence to American Urological Association Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines
Authors: Wengryn Derek M. , Halstead N. Valeska Valeska , Beebe Sarah C. , Sevick Carter J. , Vemulakonda Vijaya M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a guidelines-based best practice alerts (BPA) in the electronic health record (EHR) on adherence to American Urological Association (AUA) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) guidelines.Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients aged 0-17 years old with primary VUR with an initial urology clinic visit the year before or year after BPA implementation. Primary outcomes include obtaining vital signs, urinalysis, and ultrasound at initial and one-year follow-up visit. Results: We identified 123 patients with initial visits during the study period, 58 of whom returned for one-year follow-up visits. Patients seen post-BPA were more likely to have height measured at initial visit than those seen pre-BPA (47.3% vs 11.8%, p<0.001). The majority of patients were screened with weight (98.3%) and ultrasound (87.9%) at one-year follow-up both before and after BPA implementation. Neither blood pressure measurements (59.1% vs 55.6%, p>0.5) nor urinalysis orders (23.8% vs 19.4%, p>0.05) significantly increased post-BPA. Conclusion: The use of an EHR-based BPA increased the likelihood of obtaining height measurements by clinic intake staff but did not significantly affect provider adherence to other practice guideline recommendations. Our findings suggest that BPA implementation alone is not sufficient to impact provider uptake of VUR guideline recommendations.
Membraneless Unbuffered Seawater Electrolysis for Pure Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liang Nan-Nan , Park Hyunwoong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Seawater electrolysis is promising as an in situ H2 production method, allowing immediate overseas transport of the produced H2. Typically, it proceeds under alkaline conditions to ensure the selectivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over the chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR). In addition, electrolyzers usually require membranes to inhibit the chlorine reduction reaction (ClRR) and maximize the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) while separating H2 from O2. In this study, membraneless electrolysis of undisturbed, unbuffered seawater (pH 8.2) is proposed to produce high-purity H2. A ternary component catalyst with Pt, Ru, and Ti (PRT) and a minimized Pt level (Pt0.06Ru0.24Ti0.7Ox) drives ClOR at a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ~100% in saline water at an industrial level of current density (J = 800 mA cm-2) over 500 h. ClRR is also inhibited on MnOx electrodes, leading to ~100% FE of H2 production even in the presence of chlorines (HClO/ClO-). Finally, the PRT anode/MnOx cathode pair drive ClOR and HER at FEs of ~100% at J = 80 mA cm-2 over 100 h in a single-compartment cell containing seawater. Moreover, the OER and ClRR are completely inhibited during seawater electrolysis.
Usage and Cost-effectiveness of Elective Oocyte Freezing in which In-vitro Fertilization is Exclusively Provided to Married Heterosexual Couples in Asia
Authors: Yang Ih-Jane , Wu Ming-Yih , Chao Kuang-Han , Wei Shin-Yi , Tsai Yi-Yi , Huang Ting-Chi , Chen Mei-Jou , Chen Shee-Uan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The previous model-based cost-effectiveness analyses regarding elective oocyte cryopreservation remains debatable, while the usage rate may influence the price per live birth. The aim of this study is to disclose the usage and cost-effectiveness of the planned cryopreserved oocytes after oocyte thawing in real-world situations in which in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is exclusively provided to married heterosexual couples. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center observational study. Women who electively cryopreserved oocytes and presented to thaw the oocytes were categorized as thawed group. The oocytes were fertilized at our center and the sperm samples for each individual was retrieved from their respective husbands. Clinical outcomes were traced and the live birth rate per thawed case was calculated. The costs from oocyte freezing cycles to oocyte thawing, and embryo transfer cycles were accordingly estimated. Cumulative costs per live birth was defined by the cumulative costs divided by the total live births per thawed case.Results: We recruited 645 women with 840 oocyte retrieval cycles for elective oocyte freezing from November 2002 to December 2020. The overall usage rate was 8.4% (54/645). After the storage duration exceeded 10 years, the probabilities of thawing oocytes were 10.6%, 26.6%, and 12.7% from women who cryopreserved their oocytes at the age of ≤35 years, 36–39 years, and ≥40 years, respectively. Among women who thawed their oocytes, 31.5% (17/54) of women achieved live births. For the age groups of ≤35 years, 36–39 years, and ≥40 years, the total live birth rate per thawed case was 63.6%, 42.3%, and 17.6%, respectively, and the cumulative costs for one live birth was $11,704, $17,189, and $35,642, respectively.Conclusions: The overall usage rate was 8.4% in our cohort. The chance of having live births was 31.5% if the individual thawed their oocytes. The findings added to the limited evidence of the usage rate in real-world situations in which IVF is exclusively available to married heterosexual couples, which could aid future analysis and decision-making for women willing to preserve fertility to avoid age-related fertility loss.Trial Registration Number: None.
Provision of labour analgesia and its related barriers among maternal healthcare providers in Kenya: an institutional-based descriptive survey.
Authors: Ouma Gabriel , Orango Omenge , Were Edwin , Omwodo Kimbley 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although pain relief is a key component of modern obstetric care, it remains a poorly established service in sub-Saharan countries such as Kenya. Maternal health care providers have an extensive role to play in meeting the analgesic needs of women during childbirth. The study sought to examine the practice of labour pain relief and its deterrents among Kenyan maternal health care providers.Methods: This was an institutional based, cross-sectional descriptive survey. The study population included midwives, obstetricians and anaesthesiologists working at the second largest referral hospital in Kenya. A structured, self-admininisterd questionnaire was used. The pattern of provision of labour analgesics, knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers to labour pain management was described. Results: One hundred and seventeen respondents participated in the study with a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of routine labor analgesia provision was 61.5%. The commonest pharmacological method prescribed was nonopioids (13.4 %). Regional analgesia was provided by 4(3.6%) of the respondents. Majority of maternal healthcare providers (53.0%) had poor knowledge of labour pain management. Almost all (93.9%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards the provision of labour analgesia. Non-availability of drugs and equipment (58.1%), lack of clear protocols and guidelines (56.4%) and absence of adequate skilled personnel (55.6%) were reported as the health system factors that hinder the provision of labour analgesia.Conclusions: More than half of maternal health care providers routinely relieve labour pain; gender, cadre, and years of experience are significantly associated with routine provision of labour analgesia. Epidural analgesia is still quite underutilized. There is a need for development of institutional labour pain management protocols to meet the analgesic needs of women during childbirth.
The River of Life, Death, Livelihood and Pilgrimage: An Assessment of Ganges in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jamal Shahid , Sen Prof. Anjan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
According to Hindu mythology, Ganga is the only river brought from heaven to earth for livelihood security, resettlement and well-being of entire human civilization. Varanasi erstwhile renowned as Banaras and even before famous as Kaashi. It is the land of Lord Shiva, the son of Ganga, land of mystics, guru and mahaguru. The dynamics of change and time rarely shake the rich heritage, resilient capability and capacity of mother river since immemorial times. Life on land and below water in Varanasi is getting under threat because of several anthropogenic activities like sewage discharge, mining and others. These activities are negatively impacting bacteriophage cleaning capacity of mother Ganges. The basic objective of the study is to identify and analyse livelihood security, psychological wellbeing and indigenous knowledge in making ghats resilient from social, political and economic dimensions. A household survey was conducted in Ghats of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh in 2021. Both primary and secondary data were used for data collection, while Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) method was used for desired outcome. After the analysis, it was concluded that livelihood security of people is under threat due to several factors like decline in Ganges water level along ghats in Varanasi. Further, it has impacted aquatic habitat and there is need to be more concerned about their habitat than ever before as these hazards will become disasters in time to come. Though, recent coronavirus pandemic has given temporary relief to the river thereby, significant improvement has been observed in her water quality, flow and aquatic flora and fauna.
A retrospective clinical analysis of rescue tracheal intubation
Authors: Chen Hongyang , Deng Qian , Wang Zining , Huang Kun , Zhang Weiyi , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By analyzing the critically ill patients who have undergone emergency tracheal intubation in our hospital inpatients, we can help our medical workers to better treat the critically ill patients. We also analyzed and summarized the best time to intervene in critically ill patients who needed tracheal intubation by understanding the prognosis and regression of patients who had already undergone tracheal intubation, thus improving the survival treatment rate of patients.
A simple system for phenotyping of plant transpiration and stomatal conductance response to drought
Authors: Driever Steven M. , Mossink Leon , Ocaña Diego Nuñez , Kaiser Elias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plant breeding for increased crop water use efficiency or drought stress resistance requires methods to quickly assess the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) of a large number of individual plants. Several methods to measure E and gs exist, each of which has its own drawbacks and shortcomings. To add to this toolbox, we developed a method that uses whole-plant thermal imaging in a controlled environment, where aerial humidity is changed rapidly to induce changes in E that are reflected in changes in leaf temperature. This approach is based on a simplified energy balance equation, without the need for a reference material or complicated calculations. To test this concept, we built a double-sided, perforated, open-top plexiglass chamber that was supplied with air at a high flow rate (35 L min− 1) and whose relative humidity (RH) could be switched rapidly. Measurements included air and leaf temperature as well as RH. Using several well-watered and drought stressed genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana that were exposed to multiple cycles in RH (30 to 50% and back), we showed that leaf temperature as measured in our system correlated well with E and gs measured in a commercial gas exchange system. Our results demonstrate that, at least within a given species, the differences in leaf temperature under several RH can be used as a proxy for E and gs. Given that this method is fairly quick, noninvasive and remote, we envision that it could be upscaled for work within rapid plant phenotyping systems.
Time on opioid agonist therapy predicts HCV treatment uptake in people who use drugs: a historical cohort based on French national healthcare database, 2012-2017 (the ANRS FANTASIO project)
Authors: ROLLAND Benjamin , Lions Caroline , Beo Vincent Di , Carrieri Patrizia , Authier Nicolas , Barré Tangui , Delorme Jessica , Mathurin Philippe , Bailly François , Protopopescu Camelia , Marcellin Fabienne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Opioid Agonist Treatments (OAT), i.e., methadone and buprenorphine, are key elements in the treatment of opioid addiction. Moreover, they help foster healthcare behaviors and reduce medical harm in people who use opioid drugs (PWUD). Here, aimed to explore whether the percentage of time on OAT (pOAT) among PWUD with hepatitis C virus (HCV) was significantly associated with an increased uptake of direct antiviral agents (DAA). In France, 80% of PWUD have more or less regular deliveries of OAT, and OAT recipients are good proxy for PWUD.
Methods
Using the quasi-exhaustive French nationwide healthcare system database, we included all French individuals with chronic HCV receiving at least one OAT dispensing between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016. Subjects already treated by DAA at the time of first OAT delivery were excluded. The initiation of DAA during the study period was modeled using pOAT, which was computed as the number of days covered by OAT delivery, divided by the number of days of the study period of each participant. A Cox proportional hazards model allowed us to estimate the association between pOAT and DAA uptake (defined as the first delivery of treatment) during the study period, after adjustment for age, gender, alcohol use disorder, precarity indicator, and liver disease severity, respectively.
Results
Among the 22,615 persons included in the study, 3,438 (15.2%) had at least one dispensing of DAA during the study period. After multivariable adjustment, pOAT was associated with increased DAA uptake (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.02 [1.01–1.04] per each 10% increase, p = 0.001). Other variables associated with DAA uptake were male sex, older age, cirrhosis or liver cancer, and higher socioeconomic status.
Conclusions
DAA uptake in PWUD with chronic HCV is associated with a greater pOAT uptake. Fostering compliance to OAT, and expanding the use of entry points for OAT as entry or referral points for DAA initiation should be integrated into the strategies for eliminating HCV and reducing harms related to this virus.