bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of empathy in the links between relationships with three socialisation agents and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours
Authors: Carrizales Alexia , Gülseven Zehra , Lannegrand Lyda 
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have mostly focused on the socialisation role of parents on adolescents’ prosocial behaviours and there is relatively less work focusing on peers who are important socialisation agents for the development of prosocial behaviours in adolescence. Further, simultaneously examining the socialisation roles of multiple socialisation agents in prosocial behaviours and empathy development is even rarer. Thus, in the current study, we examined supportive and poor relationships with three socialisation agents (i.e., parents, peers in class, and peers in extracurricular activities) on adolescents’ prosocial behaviours, considering whether empathy mediates these relations. Additionally, we examined the links between supportive and poor relationships with peers in the class and extracurricular activities and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours, and the mediating role of empathy. The sample was 676 French adolescents (50% female, M age = 14.35 years). Supportive relationships and poor relationships models were tested separately. We examined the relative strengths of three socialisation agents using three-socialiser and two-socialiser models. In the three-socialiser model, supportive relationships with parents and peers in the extracurricular activities were positively linked to adolescents’ empathy a year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. Additionally, poor relationships with parents were negatively linked to adolescents’ empathy a year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. In the two-socialiser model, both supportive relationships with peers in class and extracurricular activities were positively linked to adolescents’ empathy 1 year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours but only for early adolescents. Lastly, in the two-socialiser model, poor relationships with peers in extracurricular activities were negatively linked to adolescents’ empathy 1 year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. In general, these results were robust across adolescents’ gender and age. Overall, results make several important contributions to the literature on the role of multiple socialisation agents and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours.
Process optimisation on the compressive strength property for the 3D printing of PLA/almond shell composite
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan 
Published: May 2022

In the fused deposition modelling technique, various type of thermoplastic is printed layer by layer. Among those biopolymers, Poly Lactic Acid occupies a massive space due to their excellent biodegradability. The present work concentrates on using almond shell particles as potential reinforcement in making Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) filaments by a filament extrusion process using a double screw extruder. The extruded filaments of 1.75 ± 0.5 mm diameter is used to make PLA/almond shell composite. This study distillates the effective process parameters for the 3D printing of PLA/almond shell composite and its compressive strength were evaluated. Design of Experiments is followed for the optimization process. The experiment was conducted by varying the five factors (infill pattern, infill density, printing orientation, printing temperature, and printing speed) and three levels. L27 orthogonal array is developed for the experimental procedure, and Taguchi optimization technique is employed for the optimization process for obtaining maximum compressive strength for the produced PLA/almond shell composite. The experimental results show that the infill density and printing orientation have a higher impact than the other printing process parameters with respect to the compressive properties. The mathematical models are developed from the optimization results for the compressive strength analysis of the PLA/almond shell composites. Based on the regression analysis results, the proposed mathematical model has an error percentage of 3.70% and has a good fit with the experimental results. Fractured samples clearly show that the higher infill density of PLA/almond shell samples doesn’t undergo premature buckling failure under the compressive loading.
Electrospun nanofibrous yarn based piezoresistive flexible strain sensor for human motion detection and speech recognition
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Nauman Saad , Khan Zaffar Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

This work reports the development of highly sensitive Piezoresistive flexible strain sensor for human motion detection and speech recognition. Initially, a conductive polymer composite (CPC) solution comprising of thermoplastic polyurethane and Carbon Nanoparticles was prepared using Dimethylformamide as solvent and Chloroform as dispersant with the composition of 50% v/v. The solution was heated to a temperature of 60°C for evaporation of the solvent until it contained 13.5% w/v solvent for steady electrospinning. In this way, the CPC solution was used to develop Electrospun Nanofibrous Yarns (ENFYs) by applying a potential difference of 40 KV between the electrospinning needle and Aluminum collector. A cotton fabric was wrapped on the Aluminum collector to allow twisting of the deposited electrospun nanofibers. This novel collector configuration resulted in the formation of nanofibrous yarns due to the whirling action of the advancing jet of CPC solution. The cotton fabric on the collector facilitated twisting of fibers by allowing them to roll over the fabric. The fabricated ENFY sensors showed remarkable stretchability up to 102% strain while achieving a gauge factor of 70 at 100% strain. Long-term usage necessitates repeatability, which was demonstrated by cyclic loading at a crosshead speed of 40 mm/min for up to 1000 cycles using a custom-developed linear actuator, with no signs of fracture. ENFY strain sensor was attached to different parts of human body such as finger, fist, elbow, knee and ankle and was found capable of measuring and observing angle, position and frequency of motion. Owing to its ultrasensitive behavior, the developed sensor was able to measure heart rate as well. When the developed sensor was attached to Adam’s apple for speech recognition it showed remarkable response towards different utterances and breathing and gulping actions with clearly distinguishable signals. These results demonstrate that the developed novel ENFY flexible strain sensor can be employed for proprioceptive sensing and speech recognition for human-machine interaction, soft robotics and wearable devices etc.
Synthesis and characterization of adamantane-based copolyimides with high transparency
Authors: Li Qi , Park Sung S , Ha Chang-Sik , Yuan Shuai , Shi Liyi 
Published: May 2022

In this work, a copolyimide (Co-PI) film with high transparency was prepared by the copolymerization of hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 2,2′-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) and adamantane-1,3-diamine (DAA). The effects of DAA monomers on the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the co-PIs were discussed in detail. We found that the preparation of polyimide (PI) based on the combination of two dianhydrides and two diamines could obtain the co-PI film with excellent comprehensive performance due to the synergy between the -CF3 group, the aliphatic ring and the aromatic structure. Through the structure and composition optimization, the co-PI film with 1.30% DAA (Q3) has a Tg of 374oC, T5 higher than 530oC, T430 of 82% and the tensile strength higher than 145 MPa. These results indicate that the Co-PI films can be successfully utilized in the development of novel heat-resistant plastic substrates for the optoelectronic engineering applications.
Obliterating Collective Memories and Learning About the Nation: A Reflection on the Educational Experiences of Adivasi Communities
Authors: Dixit Shalini 
Published: May 2022

In a diverse society like India, the nation-state has imperative to select certain collective memories to be its unified official narrative and be taught to its students. However, in a quest to hand over a unitary vision of the nation, the states often overlook the multiple sources of knowledge, assuming only the school as a mode of transmission about the past. There are documented debates around the Indian state selecting one version of history over the others. But, not much is known about the reception of such knowledge by the marginalised communities in India. Although the relationship between memory, history, identity and social relationships has its grounding in psychology, the discipline has been governed by different reductionism, which does not facilitate understanding and explanation of such complex social issues ( Marty, 1994 , Wertsch, 2002 ). Nevertheless, learnings from social psychology can be extended to understand the complexities around collective memories, social identity and marginalisation. This article will discuss the dynamics involved in dealing with marginalised collective memories and foreground students’ experiences of learning mainstream collective memories. It argues that dealing with exclusions and denials of one’s collective memories has implications for one’s identity and sense of self. It may lead to individuals and communities devaluing their collective memories, thereby undermining their social position and identity.
Carboxyl Esterase-TRAIL Expressing Human Adipose Stem Cells Inhibit Tumor Growth in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-Bearing Mice with Less Toxicity
Authors: Kim Jae Heon , Oh Eunjeong , Yun Chul Won , Lee Sang Hun , Song Yun Seob 
Published: May 2022

It has been proposed that CRPC treatment with reduced systemic toxicity can be achieved by employing genes that express enzymes that activate pharmacological agents. In this paper, we report our study that used human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), rabbit CE, and human TRAIL with reduced toxicity to explore how tumor development can be suppressed in CRPC-bearing mouse models. In vitro and in vivo directional migration of ADSC.CE.sTRAIL cells toward PC3 cells was significantly stimulated. ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher suicide effects than did ADSC, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. PC3 cells co-cultured with ADSC.CE.TRAIL showed higher cytotoxicity than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher apoptosis than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. In the in vivo study, ADSC.CE.sTRAIL inhibited tumor growth more than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. The evidence suggests that patients’ own ADSC could be used in clinical trials for CRPC treatment based on therapeutic stem cells that express CE and TRAIL complex genes.
The Impact of Homemade Laparoscopic Box Trainers on Medical Student Surgical Skills: A Randomized Control Pilot Study
Authors: Seltzer Harrison , Swayze Emma , Thottathil Letty , Dewey John , Jabara Jordan , Mehta Aditya , Frederick John , Yousif Paul , Parikh Sonia , Tsuei Angie , Miller Lisa , Linares L Silvia 
Published: May 2022

Objective: While instructional videos are commonly used in surgical education, there is a paucity of data on home laparoscopic box trainers. This pilot study evaluated impacts of augmenting instructional videos with these devices. Design: This was a randomized controlled pilot study evaluating laparoscopic surgical performance on the LapSim virtual surgical simulator before and after a 2 week curriculum of instructional videos alone (n = 8, 47.1%) vs videos plus a home laparoscopic box trainer (n = 9, 52.9%). The LapSim recorded mistake number, time, and instrument path length to complete each task. Participants completed surveys about their perceptions of surgery before and after the course. Participants: Preclinical medical students were recruited. Those with extensive surgical experience or did not complete the course were excluded. Results: For the box trainer group vs the videos alone group: mean change in mistakes was −10.0 (standard deviation [SD]:17.1) vs +.5 (SD:21.59) ( P = .28); mean change in time was −433.24 (SD:304.67) seconds vs −366.16 (SD:240.10) seconds ( P = .62); mean change in instrument path length was −4.27 (SD:4.38) meters vs −3.19 (SD:4.86) meters ( P = .64). The box trainer group ranked “I feel as though surgery comes naturally” 1.58 points higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: .85, 2.32; P < .01) and “I am worried about being skilled at surgery” 1.26 points lower (95% CI: 2.29, −.24; P = .02) upon completing the study. The videos alone group reported no significant changes in survey responses. Conclusion: Home laparoscopic box trainers can generate confidence and reduce anxiety regarding surgical fields. This study provides a framework for future larger scale works.
Children’s memories of starting school: Building and sharing transitions capital
Authors: Schürer Maja Højslet , Dockett Sue , Perry Bob 
Published: May 2022

This paper explores memories of children in the upper years of primary school about their transition into the first year of school and the ways in which this transition impacted on their ongoing relationship with primary school. The insights shared by eleven Year four and five students (aged 10–11 years; five boys and six girls) in an Australian primary school contribute to understandings of the strategies children develop and utilise in their educational transitions (transitions capital), not only in the transition to school but also in ongoing educational transitions throughout school. The older children reflected on their younger selves related to transitions expectations, and experiences and illustrated their strategies for self-management of change, positioning them as potential resources within transition programs. Despite this, the participants reported that their expertise and experience generally were not acknowledged, and they were often not invited to contribute to transition programs involving new school entrants.
Changes of circulating biomarkers of inflammation and glycolipid metabolism by CPAP in OSA patients: a meta-analysis of time-dependent profiles
Authors: Wang Yi , Lin Ying Ni , Zhang Li Yue , Li Chuan Xiang , Li Shi Qi , Li Hong Peng , Zhang Liu , Li Ning , Yan Ya Ru , Li Qing Yun 
Published: May 2022

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Specifying timing of CPAP benefits on OSA-related biomarkers will help to assess the effectiveness of CPAP and to optimize the treatment strategies. Purpose: To explore the time-dependent changes of circulating biomarkers to CPAP treatment in patients with OSA, including inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α)] and glycolipid metabolic biomarkers [fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG)]. Methods: Searches of PubMed and Embase database were completed. Two independent reviewers extracted data from 68 included studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect (or fixed-effect) model and standardized mean difference (SMD) model. The timing profiles of circulating biomarkers changes of inflammation and glycolipid metabolism were analyzed based on different CPAP duration, that is, short-term (<3 months), mid-term (3–6 months), and long-term (⩾6 months). Results: Those first improved by short-term treatment include CRP [SMD: 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–1.31; p = 0.014], TNF-α [SMD: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.10–0.86; p = 0.014)], FBG [SMD: 0.32 (95% CI: 0.07–0.57; p = 0.011)], and LDL [SMD: 0.40 (95% CI: 0.18–0.62; p = 0.000)]. Those first improved by the mid-term or long-term treatment include HDL [SMD: –0.20 (95% CI: –0.36 to –0.03; p = 0.018)] and TC [SMD: 0.20 (95% CI: 0.05–0.34; p = 0.007)]. There were insignificant changes for TG and FINS after short or long CPAP. Conclusion: Our results imply that changes of circulating biomarkers for patients with OSA under CPAP treatment have a time-dependent profile.
Seminal vesicle abscess: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cotter Finín , Sathianathen Niranjan , Thevarajah Gowribahan , Kok Hong Kuan , Temelcos Catherine , Niall Owen , Sundaralingam Sudheshan 
Published: May 2022

Seminal vesicle abscess (SVA) is a rare pathology. We review the literature and present the case of a 54-year-old presenting with an SVA treated successfully with percutaneous transgluteal drainage and subsequently, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided transrectal drainage. Level of evidence: 4
The spontaneous rules of spontaneous development
Authors: Slaev Aleksandar D , Cozzolino Stefano , Nozharova Boriana , Ilieva Jetchka 
Published: May 2022

This study contributes to the long but still heated debate on spontaneity in urban development. While the critics of spontaneity consider it synonymous with chaos, its proponents emphasise the benefits of spontaneous order. In this paper, we assume that spontaneous development may have both positive and negative aspects and we seek to identify what determines whether and to what extent spontaneity will produce a beneficial social/spatial order. The prevalence of advantages or disadvantages may be due to specific historical, geographical and social causes, but we emphasise one critically important factor: the presence of spontaneous social rules. To contribute to this debate, we acknowledge the institutional nature of spontaneous rules and underscore the need for rules to develop over time. We examine three spontaneous developments in Plovdiv, Bulgaria’s second largest city. As these settlements are typical for spontaneous forms in Southeast Europe, we draw conclusions relevant primarily to this region, but also in wider contexts. We find that spontaneous rules’ development is what determines whether order emerges and to what degree its benefits are realised. The suitability of spontaneous rules depends on local cultures, habits and values rooted in society.
Effect of hydroxyapatite on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of starch-based bio-nanocomposite films
Authors: Hadi Zohreh , Hekmat Neda , Soltanolkottabi Fariba 
Published: May 2022

In this research, nanocomposite films based on starch were developed with the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a mineral filler. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by a chemical method using calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Various concentrations of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were mixed with starch, and the developed films were evaluated in terms of physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. The highest values of mechanical parameters (tensile strength and elongation at break) were determined for the starch/hydroxyapatite film at 15 wt.% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles concentration (3.03 MPa, 37.41%, respectively). As hydroxyapatite concentration was increased from 0 to 20 wt.%, the solubility in water of the films decreased, whereas the solubility in acid increased. The crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite decreased the transparency of film and increased transparency value. Thus, a biodegradable film could be obtained with the addition of hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement filler up to 15 wt.%. It could be developed as a sustainable alternative for packaging industry.
Expansion of CD4dimCD8+ T cells characterizes macrophage activation syndrome and other secondary HLH
Authors: De Matteis Arianna , Colucci Manuela , Rossi Marianna N. , Caiello Ivan , Merli Pietro , Tumino Nicola , Bertaina Valentina , Pardeo Manuela , Bracaglia Claudia , Locatelli Franco , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Prencipe Giusi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
CD8+ T-cell activation has been demonstrated to distinguish patients with primary and infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) from patients with early sepsis. We evaluated the activation profile of CD8+ T cells in patients with various forms of secondary HLH (sHLH), including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with inactive systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA, n = 17), active sJIA (n = 27), MAS in sJIA (n = 14), infection-associated HLH (n = 7), and with other forms of sHLH (n = 9) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Compared with patients with active sJIA, in patients with MAS and sHLH of different origins, beside a significant increase in the frequency of CD38high/HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells, we found a significant increase in the frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing the CD4 antigen (CD4dimCD8+ T cells). These cells expressed high levels of the activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR, suggesting they were a subset of CD38high/HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells, as well as of the activation/exhaustion markers CD25, PD1, CD95, and interferon-γ. The frequency of CD4dimCD8+ T cells strongly correlated with most of the laboratory parameters of MAS severity and with circulating levels of CXCL9 and interleukin-18. These findings were confirmed in a prospective replication cohort in which no expansion of any particular T-cell receptor Vβ family in CD3+ T cells of patients with sHLH was found. Finally, frequency of CD4dimCD8+, but not of CD38high/HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells, significantly correlated with a clinical severity score, further supporting the involvement of these cells in MAS/sHLH pathogenesis.
IFNγ regulates NAD+ metabolism to promote the respiratory burst in human monocytes
Authors: McCann Katelyn J. , Christensen Stephen M. , Colby Devon H. , McGuire Peter J. , Myles Ian A. , Zerbe Christa S. , Dalgard Clifton L. , Sukumar Gauthaman , Leonard Warren J. , McCormick Beth A. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Interferon γ (IFNγ) is an essential and pleiotropic activator of human monocytes, but little is known about the changes in cellular metabolism required for IFNγ-induced activation. We sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which IFNγ reprograms monocyte metabolism to support its immunologic activities. We found that IFNγ increased oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in monocytes, indicative of reactive oxygen species generation by both mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Transcriptional profiling revealed that this oxidative phenotype was driven by IFNγ-induced reprogramming of NAD+ metabolism, which is dependent on nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated NAD+ salvage to generate NADH and NADPH for oxidation by mitochondrial complex I and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Consistent with this pathway, monocytes from patients with gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 demonstrated higher-than-normal OCR, whereas chemical or genetic disruption of mitochondrial complex I (rotenone treatment or Leigh syndrome patient monocytes) or NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium treatment or chronic granulomatous disease [CGD] patient monocytes) reduced OCR. Interestingly, inhibition of NAMPT in healthy monocytes completely abrogated the IFNγ-induced oxygen consumption, comparable to levels observed in CGD monocytes. These data identify an IFNγ-induced, NAMPT-dependent, NAD+ salvage pathway that is critical for IFNγ activation of human monocytes.