bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vivo Anti-plasmodial Activity of Ethanol Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Extract and Its Anti-typhoidal Activity In-vitro
Authors: Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa , Dada Ebenezer Oluyemi 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the in-vivo anti-plasmodial activity of ethanol Tetracarpidium conophorum seed extract and its anti-typhoidal activity in-vitro.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the acute toxicity test of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed ethanol extract, determination of Body Weight and Temperature of Mice, determination of antibacterial activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed crude extract and antibiotic sensitivity testing of clinical and typed Salmonella Typhi isolates
Results: There were no signs of toxicity such as paw licking, sleeping, reduced activity, respiratory distress observed in mice and there were no mortality. Changes occurred in the weight of mice in group 1 (mice treated with 200mg/kg) from 19.71g to 14.50g wherein significant increment was observed only from day 3 to 4 (18.67g to 16.00g), group 2 (mice treated with 400mg/kg) 19.71g to 16.00g). The ethanol extract of Tetracapidium conophorum were all resistant to typed isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and clinical isolates of Salmonella typhimurium at 6.01±0.10 mm. Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) had the highest zone of inhibition at 32.50±2.50 mm against typed Salmonella typhimurium while tetracycline (30 µg) had the least at 15.50±0.50 mm.
Conclusion: This study has revealed the anti-plasmodial efficacy of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed. Findings have shown that the ethanol seed extract of T. conophorum relatively possess anti-plasmodial and anti-typhodial activities compared to the positive antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella typhi. Auxiliary evaluation must be conducted to establish the anti-typhoidal activity of ethanol T. conophorum extract in-vivo.
A Comparative Study of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum Plant Leaf Extract
Authors: Sivasubramanian Priyanka , Devi R. Gayatri , Selvaraj J. , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Inflammation is said to be the response of the body to an injury. It is a body defence reaction to reduce or eliminate the spread of injurious agents. It is essential that steps should be taken to introduce new medicinal plants and to develop cheaper, effective and safe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The main aim of this study is to assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum plant is being studied.
Materials and Methods: Protease inhibition assay was done by Bovine serum albumin was added to plant samples with increase in concentrations as per the standard methods. In this study, Aspirin was used as a standard anti-inflammatory drug.The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: In this study, it was observed that the plant leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicus contain anti-inflammatory activity. The protein denaturation inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum, plant extract was represented graphically. Tecoma stans, was observed to contain the anti inflammatory activity.
Conclusion: This study revealed that Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum are important medicinal plants with diverse pharmacological spectrum and contain anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, this research has been taken to collect and compile the pharmacological uses of these plant extracts which will be useful to the society to venture into a field of alternative systems of medicine.
Ipsilateral Neck/Inter-Trochanteric and Mid-shaft Femoral Fractures Treated with Dual Construct Implants
Authors: Chaudhary Rahul , Samal Nitin , Chaudhary Sanjeev 
Published: January 2022

Background: Various management protocols for ipsilateral neck/intertrochanteric and shaft fracture femur have been formulated, there have been many disagreements related to their ideal fixation plan. The aim of this study was to discuss the various type of fixation system available for such kind of complex injuries and the advantages of using dual construct fixation system.
Patient and Methods: In the present study we prospectively evaluated ipsilateral neck/intertrochanteric and shaft fracture femur in 7 cases managed from January 2018 to December 2020. All the patients were managed with dual constructs fixation system using dynamic hip screw (DHS) and locking plate. The outcome was evaluated using Friedman and Wyman scoring system.
Results: The average surgical time was 120.4 min (range 98–143 minutes) with a blood loss ranging from 290-565 mL (average 460 mL). In 6 patients follow-up was undertaken between 10 and 22-months after surgery, with a mean follow-up time of 16.2 months. 1 patient lost follow-up at 3-month. The neck/IT fractures achieved union in 6 patients at the final follow-up. 3-6 months was the duration for bone union, with an average of 4.1 months. The mid-shaft femur fractures achieved solid union in 6 cases at the most recent follow-up. 3 to 11 months was the duration of union, with a mean of 5.1 months. 1 patient went into non-union 11 months after the surgery. According to Friedman and Wyman scoring, 4 patients the functional outcome was good, in 2 patients the functional outcome was fair, and in 1 patient the functional outcome at the final follow-up was poor. The problems noted were surgical site infection in 1, Angulations (varus/valgus) of femoral neck in 1, non-union of neck femur fracture in 1, and avascular necrosis of femoral head in 1.
Conclusion: The management of ipsilateral neck/intertrochanteric and shaft fracture femur with dual construct implants dynamic hip screw for neck/IT fracture and locking plate for shaft femoral fractures yielded good union rates and good functional outcomes.
Posterior Gastric Perforation – Rare Surgical Emergency: A Case Report
Authors: Nagtode Tushar , Lamture Y. R. , Rewale Venktesh , Tanveer P. , Mundada Aditya 
Published: January 2022

Background: Incidence of perforation on posterior wall of stomach is rare throughout world; its occurrence has not been found till now in literature of central India. diffuse symptoms with delayed presentation to health center and poorly skilled faculty with facilities make a way to raise in total number of deaths associated with posterior gastric perforation.
Objective: To report a rare case of posterior gastric perforation at a tertiary health care center in Central India, which would be first to be documented.
Case Presentation: A 74-year-old male patient was referred to Department of General Surgery, AVBRH, with chief complaint of acute abdominal pain for two days. He had a history of alcohol consumtion which was stopped 2 years back A moderately distended, distinctly tender abdomen accompanied by guarding, rigidity and excluded bowel sounds was unveiled by abdominal examination. Patient has been resuscitated with intravenous fluids, antibiotics and analgesics. Consequently, an emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed a significant collection of purulent peritoneal fluid, 1x1 cm sized perforation on posterior wall of stomach. Perforation was repaired and thus patient recovered in a satisfactory way.
Conclusion: And since posterior gastric perforation is extremely uncommon and expected to worsen, associated with increased morbidity and mortality leading to missed presence, this case report indicates that evaluation of patients with gastric perforation, identify risk factors and ability to repair perforations right away along with resuscitation will greatly enhance clinical outcome.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Students and Practitioners towards Virtual Reality Based Technologies in Central India: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Lahoti Krishankumar S. , Dandekar Sayali G. , Gade Jaykumar R. , Agrawal Megha J. , Jaiswal Karan V. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Virtual reality based technologies, which are broadly used in aviation and telecommunication, is now emerging rapidly in the field of dentistry. This technology has progressed tremendously and is simultaneously being refined according to the requirements of the healthcare sector. Such technologies aid in better understanding in an educational setting and provide efficient learning ways which can reduce harm and help to improve patient treatment outcomes.
Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students and practitioners towards Virtual reality based technologies in Central India.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 270 dental students and practitioners across Central India were included. A questionnaire consisting of 26 Questions with regard to VRBT’s was designed and the questionnaire was circulated through a web designed program. The responses were collected, and data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0.
Results: 90.37 % agreed that VRBT’s could offer many advantages in comparison to conventional technologies used in dental education and practice. 91.1% had not used dental simulators but 35.93% of them believed that dental simulators can be used as a reliable evaluation tool in developing preclinical skills. 75.93 % estimated that VRBT’s will gain popularity in dental practice within 5-10 years.
Conclusion: Learning and including these VRBT’s as a part of undergraduate and continued education programmes could affect the willingness and utilization of these trends in future dental practice.
Knowledge sharing for shared success in the decade on ecosystem restoration
Authors: Ladouceur Emma , Shackelford Nancy , Bouazza Karma , Brudvig Lars , Bucharova Anna , Conradi Timo , Erickson Todd E. , Garbowski Magda , Garvy Kelly , Harpole W. Stanley , Jones Holly P. , Knight Tiffany , Nsikani Mlungele M. , Paterno Gustavo , Suding Katharine , Temperton Vicky M. , Török Péter , Winkler Daniel E. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to provide the means and incentives for upscaling restoration efforts worldwide. Although ecosystem restoration is a broad, interdisciplinary concept, effective ecological restoration requires sound ecological knowledge to successfully restore biodiversity and ecosystem services in degraded landscapes.
We emphasize the critical role of knowledge and data sharing to inform synthesis for the most robust restoration science possible. Such synthesis is critical for helping restoration ecologists better understand how context affects restoration outcomes, and to increase predictive capacity of restoration actions. This predictive capacity can help to provide better information for evidence‐based decision‐making, and scale‐up approaches to meet ambitious targets for restoration.
We advocate for a concerted effort to collate species‐level, fine‐scale, ecological community data from restoration studies across a wide range of environmental and ecological gradients. Well‐articulated associated metadata relevant to experience and social or landscape contexts can further be used to explain outcomes. These data could be carefully curated and made openly available to the restoration community to help to maximize evidence‐based knowledge sharing, enable flexible re‐use of existing data and support predictive capacity in ecological community responses to restoration actions.
We detail how integrated data, analysis and knowledge sharing via synthesis can support shared success in restoration ecology by identifying successful and unsuccessful outcomes across diverse systems and scales. We also discuss potential interdisciplinary solutions and approaches to overcome challenges associated with bringing together subfields of restoration practice. Sharing this knowledge and data openly can directly inform actions and help to improve outcomes for the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
Multivariable variable‐gain super‐twisting control via output feedback for systems with arbitrary relative degrees
Authors: Rodrigues Victor Hugo Pereira , Oliveira Tiago Roux 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAn output‐feedback super‐twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is developed for multiple‐input and multiple‐output plants with arbitrary relative degrees. Global or semi‐global finite‐time exact tracking can be guaranteed for a class of uncertain systems with matched nonlinear time‐varying disturbances, possibly dependent on the unmeasured states. This represents a significant generalization of recently introduced versions of the STAs to a multivariable setup with arbitrary relative degrees, output‐feedback, and variable gains. The construction of such controller is based on a higher‐order sliding‐mode multivariable differentiator with dynamic gains. The gain adaptation for the controller and differentiator employs state‐norm observers to overcome the lack of the full‐state measurement. The stability properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated by means of input‐to‐state stability tools and a Lyapunov function‐based analysis. The theoretical results are verified through numerical and academic examples.
Crises and Contestations: The Promise and Peril of Designing a Green New Deal
Authors: Fleming Billy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is clear that we are facing a tipping point in global politics, climate change and social justice. Much has been trumpeted under the banner of the ‘Green New Deal’. Billy Fleming, the Wilks Family Director of the Ian L McHarg Center at the Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, describes the history and various approaches encompassed within this ubiquitous epithet and how designers can get involved.
Just Transition: Rewiring Carbon‐Pollutant Landscapes and Labour into a Community Forestry Framework
Authors: Luciano Suastegui Elena , Martinez Caldera Rafael , Yehia Yasmina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElena Luciano Suastegui, Rafael Martinez Caldera and Yasmina Yehia introduce the Just Transition student project they developed as part of the Landscape Urbanism course at the Architectural Association (AA) in London. The scheme focuses on the coalfields of the South Wales Valleys – areas that were mostly abandoned in the 1980s due to the demise of the UK coal industry, proposing new relationships between community, leisure, work and production to sustainably regenerate these locales.
Dynamic Domains of Antarctica: A Design Model of Global Commons in Sync with Planetary Metabolism
Authors: Kiss Daniel , Chaturvedi Swadheet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs part of a recent MArch Landscape Urbanism thesis project at the Architectural Association (AA) in London, Daniel Kiss and Swadheet Chaturvedi investigated the food chains that impinge on Antarctica, which are deeply intertwined with the health of our planet. The authors zero in, for example, on the fishing of krill, illustrating its domains and positing dynamic protections for sustainable modes of harvesting.
Take Back the Land
Authors: Pereira Godofredo Enes , Geros Christina Leigh , Goodbun Jon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGodofredo Enes Pereira, Christina Leigh Geros and Jon Goodbun have been analysing governmental Green New Deal policy globally, viewing it through the microcosmic eye of their own research and that of their students on the MA Environmental Architecture course at the Royal College of Art in London. This includes their Lithium Triangle project that concentrates on the environmental damage caused by the extraction of lithium from the Chilean landscape, and the Orang‐orang and the Hutan project in Indonesia that contests Western dominance and the effects of centuries of colonisation.
Taking Apart Buildings and Systems: In Conversation with Mae Bowley of Re:Purpose Savannah
Authors: Hutton Jane Mah , Creba Alison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMae Bowley directs Re:Purpose Savannah, a women‐run organisation that trains and employs women in the practice of deconstruction. Like many such outfits, they work to divert materials from landfill as a way to combat wasteful economic and political systems that devalue people, forests and cultural heritage. Jane Mah Hutton and Alison Creba engage in a conversation with her about her work and its aspirations.
Towards the Abolition of the Hinterlands
Authors: Heron Kai , Heffron Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKai Heron, a lecturer in politics at the University of Manchester, and farmer Alex Heffron, based in the hills of southwest Wales, are critical of the contradictions between the Green New Deal's aspirations and its material effects, especially in the Global South. Here they outline their commitment to collective agrarian movements and agroecological farming to imagine a land‐sharing approach defined by intricate matrices of urban and rural land‐uses where human and nonhumans can flourish together.
Laser‐Induced Tuning and Spatial Control of the Emissivity of Phase‐Changing Ge2Sb2Te5 Emitter for Thermal Camouflage
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Kim Yeongseon , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tuning of a material's emissivity in the atmospheric window range of 8–13 µm is crucial for infrared (IR) adaptive applications such as thermal camouflage, IR stealth, and radiative cooling. A resonator structure comprising a phase‐changing Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film on a metal mirror is promising as a tunable thermal emitter because its long‐wavelength IR emissivity can be varied by adjusting the degree of crystallization of the GST film through annealing. However, the space‐selective tuning of the emissivity required for practical use remains a significant challenge. Herein, a hybrid method combining laser irradiation and heat treatment is presented for space‐selective and continuous tuning of the emissivity of a GST‐based resonator. The current study shows that a laser‐induced crystalline layer formed in the near‐surface region of a 400 nm thick amorphous GST film can act as heterogeneous nuclei for crystallization when the film is subsequently annealed, thereby increasing the crystallization rate of the GST film. This results in a large difference in emissivity between the irradiated and nonirradiated areas, and the emissivity difference can be tuned by changing the annealing temperature. Thermal camouflage is experimentally demonstrated by making high‐and low‐temperature regions with low and high emissivity, respectively.
The influence of subsistence strategy and climate on bony labyrinth morphology in recentHomo sapiens
Authors: Ward Devin L. , Schroeder Lauren , Roy Jocelyn E. , Hertz Madelyn , Uhl Alexandra , Pomeroy Emma , Stock Jay T. , Copes Lynn , Baab Karen L. , Viola T. Bence , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesIntraspecific shape variation in the recentHomo sapiensbony labyrinth has been assessed for association with sexual dimorphism, body size, and genetic differences, but has not been fully assessed for association with extrinsic factors, such as subsistence strategy and climate. While the skull overall is known to vary with these variables, the bony labyrinth develops in utero and exhibits microstructural stability through adulthood. Therefore, labyrinthine morphology may be resistant to extrinsic variables.Materials and methodsWe collected labyrinthine shape data using computed tomography from 262 individuals associated with archeological or contemporary collections used for dissection in North America, Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia. We assessed the data for observer error and asymmetry. Shape variation is examined between subsistence strategy groups and climate type groups with Principal Components Analyses and Procrustes ANOVA's, and shape variation was correlated with specific climate data (precipitation, temperature, altitude) with a two‐block partial least squares analysis.ResultsBoth inter‐ and intra‐observer error as well as asymmetry minimally affected labyrinthine shape variation. We found that both subsistence strategy and climate each account for a statistically significant 7% of overall shape variation, and that specific climate variables have statistically significant correlation with labyrinthine shape variation (RV 0.52527).DiscussionMorphological variation in this sample indicates that the labyrinth is not entirely resistant to extrinsic factors associated with subsistence strategy and climate. Shape differences are not localized to specific regions of the labyrinth, but may contribute to the complicated variation seen in recent human evolution and warrants further exploration.
Suppressing Creep and Promoting Fast Reprocessing of Vitrimers with Reversibly Trapped Amines
Authors: Van Lijsebetten Filip , De Bruycker Kevin , Spiesschaert Yann , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report a straightforward chemical strategy to tackle current challenges of irreversible deformation in low Tg vitrimers at operating temperature. In particular, vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers were prepared where reactive free amines, necessary for material flow, were temporarily shielded inside the network backbone, by adding a small amount of dibasic ester to the curing mixture. The amines could be released as reactive chain ends from the resulting dicarboxamide bonds via thermally reversible cyclisation to an imide moiety. Indeed, (re)generation of the required nucleophilic amines as network defects ensured reprocessing and rapid material flow at higher temperature, where exchange dynamics are (re)activated. As a result, VU vitrimers were obtained with limited creep at service temperature, yet with good reprocessability at elevated temperatures. Thus, by exerting strong control on the molecular level over the availability of exchangeable functional groups, a remarkable improvement of VU properties was obtained.
Significance of Receptor Mobility in Multivalent Binding on Lipid Membranes
Authors: Morzy Diana , Bastings Maartje 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous key biological processes rely on the concept of multivalency, where ligands achieve stable binding only upon engaging multiple receptors. These processes, like viral entry or immune synapse formation, occur on the diffusive cellular membrane. One crucial, yet underexplored aspect of multivalent binding is the mobility of coupled receptors. Here, we discuss the consequences of mobility in multivalent processes from four perspectives: (I) The facilitation of receptor recruitment by the multivalent ligand due to their diffusivity prior to binding. (II) The effects of receptor preassembly, which allows their local accumulation. (III) The consequences of changes in mobility upon the formation of receptor/ligand complex. (IV) The changes in the diffusivity of lipid environment surrounding engaged receptors. We demonstrate how understanding mobility is essential for fully unravelling the principles of multivalent membrane processes, leading to further development in studies on receptor interactions, and guide the design of new generations of multivalent ligands.