bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportional constrained longitudinal data analysis models for clinical trials in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Liu Lei , Li Yan , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Bateman Randall J. , Delmar Paul , Schneider Lon S. , Kennedy Richard E. , Cutter Gary R. , Xiong Chengjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials for sporadic Alzheimer's disease generally use mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) or, to a lesser degree, constrained longitudinal data analysis models (cLDA) as the analysis model with time since baseline as a categorical variable. Inferences using MMRM/cLDA focus on the between‐group contrast at the pre‐determined, end‐of‐study assessments, thus are less efficient (eg, less power).MethodsThe proportional cLDA (PcLDA) and proportional MMRM (pMMRM) with time as a categorical variable are proposed to use all the post‐baseline data without the linearity assumption on disease progression.ResultsCompared with the traditional cLDA/MMRM models, PcLDA or pMMRM lead to greater gain in power (up to 20% to 30%) while maintaining type I error control.DiscussionThe PcLDA framework offers a variety of possibilities to model longitudinal data such as proportional MMRM (pMMRM) and two‐part pMMRM which can model heterogeneous cohorts more efficiently and model co‐primary endpoints simultaneously.
Effects of water‐soluble mangosteen extract on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (WECAN‐AD): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Muangpaisan Weerasak , Wiputhanuphongs Puvanant , Jaisupa Nattapon , Junnu Sarawut , Samer Jutima , Moongkarndi Primchanien , Supapueng Orawan , Chalermsri Chalobol , Neungton Neelobol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe water‐soluble mangosteen pericarp extract's (WME) effect was investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe participants received 4 mg/kg/day of WME for 24 weeks (low dose, n = 33), 4 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks and then 8 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks (high dose, n = 33); or a placebo (n = 42). The outcomes were neuropsychiatric test scores, safety, tolerability, and the blood 4‐hydroxynonenal level.ResultsThe proportion of participants who achieved the minimum clinically important difference for the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog; –2.6 points) at 24 weeks was significantly higher in the low‐dose group (and a trend in the high‐dose group) than in the placebo group. WME appeared safe and well tolerated. At 24 weeks, the 4‐hydroxynonenal level declined in both intervention groups. The participants with a 5% reduction in this level showed greater ADAS‐Cog improvements.ConclusionWME is a safe and well‐tolerated cognitive enhancer in AD with varying benefits across individuals based on antioxidative response.
Transforming Yam Seed Systems in West Africa
Authors: Maroya Norbert , Balogun Morufat , Aighewi Beatrice , Mignouna Djana B. , Kumar P. Lava , Asiedu Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe availability of clean planting materials and functional seed regulatory systems is indispensable for fostering a sustainable seed yam system. The Yam Improvement for Income and Food Security in West Africa (YIIFSWA) project of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) developed the capacity of National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) in their use of standardized Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) and Vivipak (VP) systems for high-ratio propagation and post-flask handling of yam breeder seed plantlets. Foundation seed was enhanced by supporting five private seed companies in Nigeria and three in Ghana. They were equipped with aeroponic and hydroponic technologies for foundation seed tuber production using single-node vine seedlings. For certified seed, seed yam out-growers were trained in good agronomic practices and entrepreneurship for certified seed tuber production using the adaptive yam minisett technique (AYMT). New certification standards were established for various classes of seed produced using different propagation methods and quality assurance procedures in Ghana and Nigeria. The capacity of the national regulatory organizations in both countries was enhanced to implement seed quality control and certification. Increased public sensitization and advocacy were done to raise awareness among relevant stakeholders to enhance the uptake of the seed propagation technologies and ensure a smooth interaction between the public and private sectors. This chapter summarizes the accomplishments of YIIFSWA in Ghana and Nigeria and the spillover impact on the yam belt of West Africa and beyond. The key lessons could inform the design and implementation of more effective seed projects, especially for vegetatively propagated crops.
A Discussion on Ethical Cybersecurity Issues in Digital Service Chains
Authors: Tronnier Frédéric , Pape Sebastian , Löbner Sascha , Rannenberg Kai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnabling cybersecurity and protecting personal data are crucial challenges in the development and provision of digital service chains. Data and information are the key ingredients in the creation process of new digital services and products. While legal and technical problems are frequently discussed in academia, ethical issues of digital service chains and the commercialization of data are seldom investigated. Thus, based on outcomes of the Horizon2020 PANELFIT project, this work discusses current ethical issues related to cybersecurity. Utilizing expert workshops and encounters as well as a scientific literature review, ethical issues are mapped on individual steps of digital service chains. Not surprisingly, the results demonstrate that ethical challenges cannot be resolved in a general way, but need to be discussed individually and with respect to the ethical principles that are violated in the specific step of the service chain. Nevertheless, our results support practitioners by providing and discussing a list of ethical challenges to enable legally compliant as well as ethically acceptable solutions in the future.
Intelligent Transportation Systems – Models, Challenges, Security Aspects
Authors: Kołodziej Joanna , Hopmann Cornelio , Coppa Giovanni , Grzonka Daniel , Widłak Adrian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs cars and other transportation devices become increasingly interconnected, mobility takes on a new meaning, offering new opportunities. The integration of new communications technologies in modern vehicles has generated an enormous variety of data from various communications sources. Hence, there is a demand for intelligent transportation systems that can provide safe and reliable transportation while maintaining environmental conditions such as pollution, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. This chapter provides an overview of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) models. Briefly, it discusses the most important features of the systems and challenges, mostly related to the security in data and information processing. Fast anomalies detection and prevention of external attacks may help solve the problems of traffic congestion and road safety to prevent accidents. The chapter contains the description of the realistic Smart Transportation System developed by the Wobcom company and implemented in Wolfsburg (Germany). That system is also used for practical validation of the security service components of the platform created in the GUARD project.
Blockchain-Based Task and Information Management in Computational Cloud Systems
Authors: Wilczyński Andrzej , Kołodziej Joanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlockchain can be successfully utilised in diverse areas, including the financial sector and the Information and Communication Technology environments, such as computational clouds (CC). While cloud computing optimises the use of resources, it does not (yet) provide an effective solution for the secure hosting scheduling and execution of large computing and data applications and prevention of external attacks.This chapter briefly reviews the recent blockchain-inspired task scheduling and information processing methods in computational clouds. We pay special attention to security, intrusion detection, and unauthorised manipulation of tasks and information in such systems. As an example, we present the implementation of a new blockchain-based scheduler in the computational cloud. We defined a new Proof of Schedule consensus algorithm, which works with the Stackelberg game, regulates checking and adding new blocks to the blockchain, and determines how to validate schedules stored in transactions. The proposed model assumes competition between different schedule providers. The winner of such a competition takes account of the client’s requirements faster and prepares an optimal schedule to meet them. The presented scheduler extends the possibilities of using different scheduling modules by the end-users. By delegating the preparation of the schedules, providers can get benefits only for that, without executing customer tasks.
New phenomenological model for comparison of lasers with different temporal outputs
Authors: Coroado Julio , Williams Stewart , Suder Wojciech , Ganguly Supriyo , Meco Sonia , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaser welding is distinguished by low heat input, low distortion, high travel speeds and accuracy. Traditional high-power pulsed wave (PW) lasers are being replaced by high-frequency low-pulse energy fibre lasers. However, as these lasers operate at very high frequencies, near continuous wave (CW) operation, it is not clear the benefit of such frequencies in comparison to CW lasers for micro-welding. In this project, two lasers, one in high-frequency PW and another in CW are operated at the same conditions, including average power, average peak power, spot size and travel speed, and the differences in material response are investigated. It has been shown that frequency is one of the important parameters that affect the heat loss between individual pulses, referred to as inter-pulse losses. At low frequency, the PW laser provided lower melting efficiency and higher penetration efficiency than CW. On the other hand, at high frequency, the PW resulted in lower melting and penetration efficiency than CW. In addition, a new definition of interaction time has been proposed to capture conduction losses by travel speed and heat inter-pulse losses due to periodic lack of laser power. This allows a like-for-like comparison of CW and PW lasers and can be used to predict penetration depth with processing parameters.
OECD Case Studies of Integrated Regional and Strategic Impact Assessment: What Does ‘Integration’ Look Like in Practice?
Authors: Arnold Lauren , Friberg Rob , Hanna Kevin , Buse Chris G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasingly, protocols for assessing the impacts of land-uses and major resource development projects focus not only on environmental impacts, but also social and human health impacts. Regional and Strategic Environmental Assessment (RSEAs) are one innovation that hold promise at better integrating these diverse land-use values into planning, assessment, and decision-making. In this contribution, a realist review methodology is utilized to identify case studies of “integrated RSEA”—those which are strategic, have a regional assessment approach, and seek to integrate environmental, community and health impacts into a singular assessment architecture. The results of a systematic literature review are described and six RSEA-like case studies are identified: Kimberly Browse LNG SEA; HS2 Appraisal of Sustainability; Lisbon International Airport SEA; Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment; Nordstream 2 Transboundary EIA; and the Portland Harbour Sustainability Project. The case studies are examined according to their unique contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of their assessment protocols to determine the degree to which they consider more than environmental valued components, and the means by which they were included. Findings suggest that RSEA has a contentious relationship with the integration of more than environmental values, but that there are significant lessons to be learned to support project planning, especially for assessment contexts characterized by large, transboundary projects.
Chronische Tropheryma-whipplei-Infektion: Eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose der therapierefraktären Polyarthritis
Authors: Ruffer Nikolas , Holzer Marie-Therese , Gkanatsas Yannik , Schinglerová Izabela , Boro Damir , Krusche Martin , Kötter Ina 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Therapierefraktäre Arthritiden sind ein häufiges Problem im rheumatologischen Alltag und können eine differentialdiagnostische Herausforderung darstellen. Chronische Infektionen durch Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) sollten in diesen Fällen bedacht werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Anhand von 5 klinischen Fällen werden in dieser fallbasierten Übersichtsarbeit die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Prinzipien im Management der chronischen T.-whipplei-Infektion erläutert.

Ergebnis
Der Morbus Whipple ist eine infektiöse Multisystemerkrankung, die durch das Bakterium T. whipplei ausgelöst wird. Typischerweise manifestiert sich die Erkrankung mit Arthralgien, Gewichtsverlust und Diarrhoen. Die Gelenkmanifestationen gehen den gastrointestinalen Krankheitserscheinungen häufig mehrere Jahre voraus. Neben systemischen Manifestationen (Morbus Whipple) kann T. whipplei auch zu lokalisierten Infektionen der Gelenke ohne gastrointestinale Beteiligung führen. Die Gelenkmanifestationen systemischer und lokalisierter T.-whipplei-Infektionen werden fälschlicherweise häufig als Zeichen verschiedener autoimmunologischer Arthritiden gedeutet.

Diskussion
Bei der Abklärung therapierefraktärer Arthritiden sollte an einen Morbus Whipple und lokalisierte Gelenkinfektionen durch T. whipplei gedacht werden. Diagnostisch wegweisend ist die Untersuchung des Gelenkpunktates auf T. whipplei mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion.
„Er weiß es noch nicht“ – Triadische Kommunikation und ihre Tücken am Beispiel eines onkologischen Visitengesprächs
Authors: Baldt Bettina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungMedizinische Kommunikation ist ein wirkungsvolles Instrument ärztlichen Handelns. Aufgrund des niedrigen Stellenwerts, den medizinische Kommunikation innerhalb der Medizin und medizinischen Ausbildung immer noch einnimmt, wissen viele Ärzt:innen nicht, professionell mit diesem Instrument umzugehen. Medizinische Kommunikation so einzusetzen, dass Patient:innen gut informiert und involviert sind, ist Voraussetzung dafür, dass diese selbstbestimmt Entscheidungen treffen können. In dieser Arbeit analysiere ich ein Visitengespräch auf einer onkologischen Station gesprächsanalytisch. Auf diese Weise sollen die Tücken der ärztlichen Gesprächsführung – speziell in der triadischen Kommunikation – anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der Praxis aufgezeigt und aus dem Transkript heraus Optimierungsvorschläge erarbeitet werden. Fehler in der Gesprächsführung, welche man in der Theorie durchaus als solche erkennt, passieren in der Praxis leider dennoch, weswegen dieses Fallbeispiel dazu einladen soll, die eigene Gesprächsführung kritisch zu reflektieren. Das Fazit enthält Anregungen für die Vorbereitung auf das Visitengespräch sowie für die Gesprächsführung während der Visite selbst.
Prävention von berufsbedingtem Hautkrebs bei Beschäftigten im Freien: Entwicklung eines Curriculums zur Fortbildung von Multiplikator*innen
Authors: Ludewig Michaela , Rocholl Marc , John Swen Malte , Wilke Annika 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Außenberufen beschäftigte Personen (z. B. Straßenbauer*innen) sind solarer UV-Strahlung in hohem Maße ausgesetzt. Um die Entstehung von berufsbedingtem Hautkrebs zu verhindern, sind Präventionsmaßnahmen unerlässlich.

Ziel
Das Ziel der Projekte „ForMulA UV 1.0 & 2.0“ war die Entwicklung und Pilotierung sowie die formative Evaluation eines wissenschaftlich fundierten, standardisierten, zielgruppenspezifischen Curriculums als Fortbildungsprogramm für Multiplikator*innen in Außenberufen.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen der Curriculumsentwicklung wurde die wissenschaftliche Literatur zu schulungs- und beratungsrelevanten Inhalten aufbereitet. Zur Erfassung der Bedürfnisse von Multiplikator*innen wurden Fokusgruppendiskussionen durchgeführt. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgte die Konzeption, die durch einen Expertenworkshop validiert und im Rahmen einer Pilotveranstaltung umgesetzt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Im gesamten Entwicklungsprozess zeigten sich heterogene Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen (z. B. Tiefe der Inhalte) der Zielgruppen, d. h. sowohl auf der Ebene der im Freien Beschäftigten als auch auf der Ebene verschiedener Gruppen von Multiplikator*innen (z. B. Fachkräfte für Arbeitssicherheit, Arbeitsmediziner*innen). Zum Projektende liegt ein nach dem „template for intervention, description and replication“ (TIDieR) aufgearbeitetes, wissenschaftlich fundiertes, zielgruppenorientiertes Curriculum vor.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Entwicklung eines zielgruppenübergreifenden Konzeptes, das in verschiedenen Berufsfeldern (z. B. Erzieher*innen, Dachdecker*innen) durch unterschiedliche Multiplikator*innen anwendbar ist, stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Modifikationen durch die Multiplikator*innen vor Ort am Arbeitsplatz sind daher essenziell, um zum Erfolg der Präventionsmaßnahmen beizutragen.
Turning the Tables: The Relationship Between Performance and Multinationality
Authors: Schmuck Alice , Lagerström Katarina , Sallis James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe abundant research on the multinationality-performance relationship has yet to provide cohesive findings concerning the nature and shape of the relationship. This paper joins a small, but growing body of research considering the effect of performance on multinationality. Drawing on resource-based theory and prospect theory, the authors develop competing hypotheses for the impact of performance on multinationality. Using non-linear ordinary least squares regression on unbalanced panel data for 2066 firm-year observations of Swedish publicly listed firms over 12 years, the authors find strong support for a positive U-shaped relationship. The foremost contribution is that performance drives internationalization, much more than vice versa. The model for the traditional causal direction from multinationality to performance explains less than half the variance, has marginal significance on key variables, and has an illogical outcome. Another contribution is how risk-taking attitudes, in accordance with prospect theory, explain a high level of internationalization when performance is negative. As performance rises towards zero, internationalization drops to an inflection point, where in accordance with resource-based theory, the degree of internationalization begins rising. This debunks the prevalent view that internationalization is contingent upon positive performance and abundant resources.
How Resistance Shapes Health and Well-Being
Authors: Essex Ryan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResistance involves a range of actions such as disobedience, insubordination, misbehaviour, agitation, advocacy, subversion, and opposition. Action that occurs both publicly, privately, and day-to-day in the delivery of care, in discourse and knowledge. In this article I will demonstrate how resistance plays an important (but often overlooked) role in shaping health and well-being, for better and worse. To show how it can be largely productive and protective, I will argue that resistance intersects with health in at least two ways. First, it acts as an important counterbalance to power; undermining harmful policies, disobeying unfair instructions, challenging rights abuses, confronting those who would otherwise turn a blind eye and even holding ourselves to account when simply accepting the status quo. Second, and beyond being oppositional, resistance is a constructive, productive force, that is fundamental to imagining alternatives; new and better futures and perhaps most fundamentally resistance is cause for hope that we are not resigned to the status quo. While there are numerous examples of how resistance has been employed in service of health and well-being, resistance is not always rational or productive, it can also harm health. I will briefly explore this point. Finally, I will offer some reflections on the intersections of power and health and why this makes resistance both distinct and important when it comes to how it shapes health and well-being.
Affective cognition in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance on the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test
Authors: Preti Antonio , Siddi Sara , Marzola Enrica , Abbate Daga Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is listed in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria as a tool apt to measure the understanding of others’ mental states. People diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) showed poorer performances on the RMET than healthy controls. Less data are available concerning other eating disorders.

Methods
Systematic review of four major databases from inception to July 15, 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of the RMET between patients with eating disorders and age- and-gender matched control groups.

Results
Out of 21 studies, we retrieved 29 independent samples of patients diagnosed with an eating disorder. Patients with active AN (n = 580) showed worse performances on the RMET than controls (n = 1019). Year of publication accounted for 61% of the (substantial: I2 = 81%) heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Earlier studies were more likely to find worse performances on the RMET of patients with active AN than later studies. Patients with bulimia nervosa (n = 185) performed poorly as compared to controls (n = 249), but the results were not statistically significant on the random-effect model. Obese patients with binge-eating disorder (n = 54) did not differ on the RMET from obese controls (n = 52). Patients with eating disorder not otherwise specified (n = 57) showed minimal differences compared to controls (n = 96). Study quality was good in six studies only.

Conclusions
Patients with eating disorders do not suffer from an impaired understanding of others’ mental states, except for a still-to-be-identified subgroup of patients with active AN.

Level of evidence
I, systematic review and meta-analysis.