bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified future diurnal variability of the global surface ocean CO2 system
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lester , Torres Olivier , Aumont Olivier , Orr James C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur understanding of how increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change influences the marine CO2 system and in turn ecosystems has increasingly focused on perturbations to carbonate chemistry variability. This variability can affect ocean‐climate feedbacks and has been shown to influence marine ecosystems. The seasonal variability of the ocean CO2 system has already changed, with enhanced seasonal variations in the surface ocean pCO2 over recent decades and further amplification projected by models over the 21st century. Mesocosm studies and CO2 vent sites indicate that diurnal variability of the CO2 system, the amplitude of which in extreme events can exceed that of mean seasonal variability, is also likely to be altered by climate change. Here, we modified a global ocean biogeochemical model to resolve physically and biologically driven diurnal variability of the ocean CO2 system. Forcing the model with 3‐h atmospheric outputs derived from an Earth system model, we explore how surface ocean diurnal variability responds to historical changes and project how it changes under two contrasting 21st‐century emission scenarios. Compared to preindustrial values, the global mean diurnal amplitude of pCO2 increases by 4.8 μatm (+226%) in the high‐emission scenario but only 1.2 μatm (+55%) in the high‐mitigation scenario. The probability of extreme diurnal amplitudes of pCO2 and [H+] is also affected, with 30‐ to 60‐fold increases relative to the preindustrial under high 21st‐century emissions. The main driver of heightened pCO2 diurnal variability is the enhanced sensitivity of pCO2 to changes in temperature as the ocean absorbs atmospheric CO2. Our projections suggest that organisms in the future ocean will be exposed to enhanced diurnal variability in pCO2 and [H+], with likely increases in the associated metabolic cost that such variability imposes.
Towards a genetic theory of island biogeography: Inferring processes from multidimensional community‐scale data
Authors: Overcast Isaac , Achaz Guillaume , Aguilée Robin , Andújar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , Creedy Thomas J. , Economo Evan P. , Etienne Rampal S. , Gillespie Rosemary , Jacquet Claire , Jay Flora , Kennedy Susan , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Lambert Amaury , Meramveliotakis Emmanouil , Noguerales Víctor , Perez‐Lamarque Benoit , Roderick George , Rogers Haldre , Ruffley Megan , Sanmartin Isabel , Vogler Alfried P. , Papadopoulou Anna , Emerson Brent C. , Morlon Hélène 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography has been a foundation for obtaining testable predictions from models of community assembly and for developing models that integrate across scales and disciplines. Historically, however, these developments have focused on integration across ecological and macroevolutionary scales and on predicting patterns of species richness, abundance distributions, trait data and/or phylogenies. The distribution of genetic variation across species within a community is an emerging pattern that contains signatures of past population histories, which might provide an historical lens for the study of contemporary communities. As intraspecific genetic diversity data become increasingly available at the scale of entire communities, there is an opportunity to integrate microevolutionary processes into our models, moving towards development of a genetic theory of island biogeography.Motivation/goalWe aim to promote the development of process‐based biodiversity models that predict community genetic diversity patterns together with other community‐scale patterns. To this end, we review models of ecological, microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes that are best suited to the creation of unified models, and the patterns that these predict. We then discuss ongoing and potential future efforts to unify models operating at different organizational levels, with the goal of predicting multidimensional community‐scale data including a genetic component.Main conclusionsOur review of the literature shows that despite recent efforts, further methodological developments are needed, not only to incorporate the genetic component into existing island biogeography models, but also to unify processes across scales of biological organization. To catalyse these developments, we outline two potential ways forward, adopting either a top‐down or a bottom‐up approach. Finally, we highlight key ecological and evolutionary questions that might be addressed by unified models including a genetic component and establish hypotheses about how processes across scales might impact patterns of community genetic diversity.
Youth citizenship: Expanding conceptions of the young citizen
Authors: Wood Bronwyn Elisabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the field of youth citizenship has grown rapidly in the past 2 decades, it still remains a contested idea—not least because of the ‘liminal’ or in‐between status that young people occupy between childhood and adulthood. In this paper I propose a conceptual framing that sees youth citizenship at the intersection of youth becoming, being and doing. This framing recognises many of the tensions, complexities and ambiguities of being a young citizen, as well as the potential this holds for understanding the fullness and diversity of youth experiences of citizenship. The paper examines two emerging research streams where youth citizenship researchers illustrate the richness of this conceptual framing in the research fields of youth everyday lived citizenship and digital citizenship.
Factors that influence the outcome of pulpotomy in permanent teeth
Authors: Duncan Henry F. , El‐Karim Ikhlas , Dummer Paul M. H. , Whitworth John , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe promotion of minimally invasive treatments focussed on the maintenance of pulp vitality has become a priority area in Endodontics. These vital pulp treatments (VPT) include partial and full pulpotomy, during which diseased coronal pulp tissue is removed prior to placement of a capping biomaterial and restoration. Traditionally, pulpotomies were confined to the treatment of carious primary and traumatized permanent teeth. However, these treatments have now been proposed as definitive solutions for cariously exposed permanent teeth with mild symptoms or even symptoms indicative of irreversible disease. Until recently, it was recommended that carious exposure of mature permanent teeth be managed by root canal treatment. The promotion of pulpotomy as an alternative treatment has opened up a wave of laboratory and clinical research aimed at improving therapies or evaluating clinical outcomes. In modern evidence‐based endodontics, it is imperative that the outcomes of both partial and full pulpotomy are considered and important prognostic factors identified, so that improvements can be made to aid clinical decision‐making and to direct new research. In this narrative review, the outcomes of partial and full pulpotomy are discussed, before analysis of patient, intraoperative and postoperative factors that influence the outcome of the pulpotomy procedure. The review highlights that although partial and full pulpotomy for the treatment of even pulpal disease are highly successful procedures, this is based on low‐quality evidence with a lack of prospective, comparative trials investigating potential prognostic factors. Based on current evidence, it appears that age, gender, tooth type, root development and intraoperative pulpal haemorrhage do not impact significantly on pulpotomy outcome, whilst others such as caries depth, inflammatory status of the pulp, capping material, level of inflammatory pulpal‐biomarkers and the final restoration integrity do. Other factors, including the influence of exposure type, periodontal condition, pulpal lavage, magnification, operator experience, isolation of the operating field and type of pulpotomy, require further experimental investigation before definitive conclusions can be made relating to the success of the pulpotomy procedure. Finally, there is not only a need for future well‐designed prospective research addressing these issues but also a widening of our understanding of outcome to include patient‐reported as well as clinician‐reported outcomes.
Investigation of mutations in Fanconi anemia genes and malignancy predisposition in Brazilian patients
Authors: Pillonetto Daniela Vandresen , Piovezan Bruno Zagonel , Nichele Samantha , Lima Alberto Cardoso Martins , Pasquini Ricardo , Pereira Noemi Farah , Bonfim Carmem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study proposed to identify Fanconi anemia (FA) mutations in Brazilian patients and to investigate their impact on clinical manifestations and malignancies onset.MethodsA total of 116 patients were screened for nine mutations in FANCA, FANCC, FANCG. Those with no mutations were investigated by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing for FANCA, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCD1/BRCA2.ResultsGenetic subtype was identified in 107/116 (78 FA‐A, 8 FA‐C, 13 FA‐G, 8 FA‐E), with only one mutation in 1/116, and no mutations in 9/116 patients. Before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), malignancies were detected in 16/116 patients (14/78 FA‐A, 01/08 FA‐C, 01/08 FA‐E), and 12 of them were hematological. Observed to expected ratio (O/E) of hematologic malignancy was 303.7 (95% CI = 148.6–458.7).ConclusionThis study allowed the identification of biallelic mutations in 91.4% of patients. FANCG and FANCC mutations had significantly earlier bone marrow failure onset, and FANCG severe cytopenia at diagnosis. Despite the inherent limitations of the small number of malignancy events in each genetic subtype, the hematologic malignancies O/E ratio was very high. Cumulative incidence of malignancy before HCT was higher in the third and fourth decades of life, considering HCT and death as competing risks. The cumulative incidence of HCT increased during the first decade, competing with malignancy development.
Healthcare utilisation and costing for decompensated chronic liver disease hospitalisations at a Victorian network
Authors: Lovett Grace C. , Ha Phil , Roberts Andrew T. , Bell Sally , Liew Danny , Pianko Stephen , Sievert William , Le Suong T. T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe economic burden of decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD) on Australian healthcare services is poorly characterised.AimsTo evaluate the in‐patient healthcare utilisation costs associated with decompensated CLD at Monash Health, an Australian tertiary healthcare service.MethodsThe current retrospective cost analysis examined patients with decompensated CLD admitted between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018. Hospitalisations were identified using CLD‐specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. Cost measures were estimated using the Victorian Weighted Inlier Equivalent Separation funding data based on the Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups cost weights.ResultsThere were 707 hospitalisations in 435 adult patients. The mean age was 56.7 ± 11.7 years and the mean length of stay was 10.28 ± 11.2 days. Median survival was 31 months (interquartile range, 2–94 months) and 177 (40.8%) patients died within 1 year of admission. The cost of admission varied according to decompensation: hepatorenal syndrome ($20 162 AUD), variceal bleed ($16 630 AUD), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ($12 664 AUD), hepatic encephalopathy ($9973 AUD) and ascites ($9001 AUD). There was no significant difference in the admissions or 30‐day readmission rate from 2012 to 2018 financial year (FY). The total adjusted cost of cirrhotic admissions per year increased by 78% from FY2012 to FY2018.ConclusionHospital admission and readmission for decompensated CLD is common and associated with 40.8% 1‐year mortality and high costs. Clearer delineation of goals of care and alternative ambulatory care models for decompensated CLD are urgently required to reduce the high costs and burden on health services.
Livedoid vasculopathy and peripheral neuropathy: A retrospective cohort study of 55 Chinese patients and literature review
Authors: Gao Yimeng , Jin Hongzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a thrombo‐occlusive vascular disease with an uncertain aetiology. In addition to cutaneous manifestations, LV patients may develop peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to examine features of peripheral neuropathy in Chinese LV patients. We retrospectively reviewed and analysed the clinical data of 55 LV patients treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and conducted a literature review of peripheral neuropathy in LV patients. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy in our cohort was 12.73%. Among the seven patients with neuropathy, five were women and two were men. Median age at enrollment and disease onset in these patients was 27.29 and 22.57 years, respectively. Mean time from the appearance of cutaneous manifestations to the development of neurological symptoms was 38.67 months. Peripheral neuropathy was generally refractory to treatment, asymmetric in the distal extremities, and slowly progressive. The main symptom was numbness; hypoesthesia and neuromuscular manifestations occurred occasionally. The proportion of patients reporting seasonal worsening of symptoms was significantly higher in LV patients with peripheral neuropathy than in LV patients without neuropathy (P < .05). Peripheral neuropathy is a potential complication of LV. LV patients with peripheral neuropathy require long‐term follow‐up.
Inhibition of interaction between ROCK1 and Rubicon restores autophagy in endothelial cells and attenuates brain injury after prolonged ischemia
Authors: Lin Yinyao , Zhan Zexin , Hu Mengyan , Li Haiyan , Zhang Bingjun , Wu Ruizhen , Tan Sha , Shan Yilong , Lu Zhengqi , Qin Bing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) induces cerebral endothelial cell death resulting in the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Endothelial cell autophagy acts as a protective mechanism against cell death. Autophagy is activated in the very early stages of ischemic stroke and declines after prolonged ischemia. Previous studies have shown that Rubicon can inhibit autophagy. The current study aimed to investigate whether continuous long‐term ischemia can inhibit autophagy in endothelial cells after ischemic stroke by regulating the function of Rubicon and its underlying mechanism. Wild‐type male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). ROCK1, ROCK2, and NOX2 inhibitors were injected into male mice 1 h before the onset of tMCAO. Disease severity and BBB permeability were evaluated. bEnd.3 cells were cultured in vitro and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). bEnd.3 cells were pretreated with or without ROCK1, ROCK2, or NOX2 inhibitors overnight and then subjected to OGD. Cell viability and permeability were also evaluated. The expression of Rubicon, ROCK1, and autophagy‐related proteins were analyzed. Increased BBB permeability was correlated with Rubicon expression in tMCAO mice and Rubicon was upregulated in endothelial cells subjected to OGD. Autophagy was inhibited in endothelial cells after long‐term OGD treatment and knockdown of Rubicon expression restored autophagy and viability in endothelial cells subjected to 6‐h OGD. ROCK1 inhibition decreased the interaction between Beclin1 and Rubicon and restored cell viability and autophagy suppressed by 6‐h OGD treatment in endothelial cells. Additionally, ROCK1 inhibition suppressed Rubicon, attenuated BBB disruption, and brain injury induced by prolonged ischemia in 6‐h tMCAO mice. Prolonged ischemia induced the death of brain endothelial cells and the breakdown of the BBB, thus aggravating brain injury by increasing the interaction of ROCK1 and Rubicon with Beclin1 while inhibiting canonical autophagy. Inhibition of ROCK1 signaling in endothelial cells could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prolong the therapeutic time window in AIS.image
Sensory preference criteria and willingness to adopt vegetable soybean “Edamame” in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Ahomondji Symphorien Essèdjlo , Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Agbangba Codjo Emile , Lokonon Bruno Enagnon , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Sinsin Brice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEdamame has many nutritional and human health benefits and has the potential to overcome malnutrition, a common scourge among West African populations. This study aims to identify sensory preference criteria in order to select edamame varieties that meet the organoleptic needs of potential consumers in Benin. Ten soybean varieties were selected on the basis of their stability, adaptability, and yield performance in Benin. These varieties were evaluated by a hedonic test conducted with 200 untrained panelists, followed by a descriptive sensory evaluation conducted with 20 trained panelists identified and selected among the previous 2. The hedonic test used sensory attributes such as appearance, flavor, taste, and texture. The descriptive test characterized each sensory parameter using sensory descriptors such as seed size, green color, sweetness, aftertaste, starch, nuttiness, beaniness, and chewiness. The study showed significant variation in sensory attributes for most genotypes (p < .001), expressing the variation in choices made by panelists. With the exception of flavor, all other sensory parameters scored higher. Sensory preference criteria were large seed size, sweetness, moderate chewiness, and starchy texture. The genotypes AGS 466, AGS 472, and Ashorowase were the most preferred by more than 90% of the panelists. In contrast, the soybean varieties Maksoy 3N and Early Hakucho were the least preferred by less than 20% of the panelist. The grain type soybean variety S1079‐6‐7, which showed moderate acceptability for edamame consumption among consumers in Benin may be considered by breeders for improvement of sensory attributes.Practical ApplicationsThis study revealed the sensory preference criteria of consumers in Benin for edamame. Such information is instrumental in the design of breeding programs for the crop. Also the findings of this study is useful for market segmentation. The panelists expressed high willingness to adopt edamame consumption. This is key, as it can it will inform decision of private companies, maket gardenning professionnals and ultimately can boost the edamame sector in Benin.
Electrodermal response and its relationship with explicit response in controlled and real contexts: A case study with different beer styles
Authors: Larrañaga‐Ayastuy Eneko , Mora María , Romeo‐Arroyo Elena , Esteban Ekaitz , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine if the electrodermal activity (EDA) associated with the drinking experience of different beer samples could be related to consumers' self‐reported response (liking, emotional valence, and arousal) in two contexts: a sensory lab and a restaurant. A total of 129 consumers participated in the study; after answering an online survey about expectations, 64 of them tasted the beers in the controlled context, and the other 65 in a real context. Results of the explicit response showed significant differences among beers, being context a significant factor: liking and emotional valence scores were higher in the real context. Of all the data collected in the EDA, only the Skin Conductance Level was able to discriminate among samples, showing a negative correlation with explicit liking and valence. Further research is needed to increase knowledge on the utility of EDA signals for the sensory analysis field.Practical ApplicationsThe use of implicit measurements to increase understanding of consumer responses is currently being promoted by different technology developers and scientific disciplines, but much is still unknown about how to implement sensory analysis studies using the implicit response devices and how to properly exploit the obtained data. The present manuscript shows the comparison of the implicit and explicit consumer responses acquired in two different contexts (real—a restaurant and controlled—a sensory lab), using beer as an example product. The detail on the experimental design, as well as the obtained results, will be useful for those researchers working on the development of new sensory analysis techniques. In addition, the analysis of consumers' response to the samples assessment will be useful for the beer industry, because of showing how is the perception of different beer styles by the Spanish population.
Prevalence, severity and impact of chronic pain among a representative cross‐sectional study of New Zealand high school students
Authors: Farrant Bridget , Denny Simon , Vroegop Paul , Fenaughty John , Clark Terryann C 
Published: November 2022

AimTo report the prevalence of self‐reported chronic pain and severity among young people in New Zealand and explore the relationships between pain and mental health, substance use, socialisation and school engagement.MethodsPrevalence of self‐reported chronic pain frequency and severity are reported from an anonymous, representative cross‐sectional self‐administered health and well‐being questionnaire by students aged 12–18 years in New Zealand. Multivariable models exploring chronic pain and mental health, substance use, socialisation and school engagement are reported controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, socio‐economic status, disability and history of sexual abuse.ResultsOverall, 22.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.2–24.5) of young people reported chronic pain for 6 months or more, with 3.2% (95% CI 3.1–4.5) reporting severe pain weekly or more often. Females and rural adolescents were more likely to report chronic and severe pain. Asian youth reported less pain than other ethnic groups. Increased severity of pain was associated more with poorer daily functioning and socialising than with frequency of pain. Severe pain occurring weekly or more often was more common among students who had a disability (2.3% 95% CI 1.8–2.7 vs. 9.8%, 95% CI 7.2–12.5) or a history of sexual abuse (2.4% 95% 1.9–2.9 vs. 8.5%, 95% CI 6.3–10.5). Those reporting chronic pain had higher proportions of self‐reported significant depressive symptoms, lower well‐being, lower school engagement and lower access to health care, particularly for those reporting higher levels of intensity and frequency of pain.ConclusionsChronic pain is common in adolescent populations, and has a significant association with decreased daily functioning, socialising, school engagement and mental well‐being. Adolescents with chronic pain report significant unmet health‐care needs.