bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and risk of infection among healthcare personnel
Authors: Shah Vishal P. , Breeher Laura E. , Alleckson Julie M. , Rivers David G. , Wang Zhen , Stratton Emily R. , Farah Wigdan , Hainy Caitlin M. , Swift Melanie D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess the rate and factors associated with healthcare personnel (HCP) testing positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after an occupational exposure.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Academic medical center with sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Arizona, and Florida.Participants:HCP with a high or medium risk occupational exposure to a patient or other HCP with SARS-CoV-2.Methods:We reviewed the records of HCP with significant occupational exposures from March 20, 2020, through December 31, 2020. We then performed regression analysis to assess the impact of demographic and occupational variables to assess their impact on the likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.Results:In total, 2,253 confirmed occupational exposures occurred during the study period. Employees were the source for 57.1% of exposures. Overall, 101 HCP (4.5%) tested positive in the postexposure period. Of these, 80 had employee sources of exposure and 21 had patient sources of exposure. The postexposure infection rate was 6.2% when employees were the source, compared to 2.2% with patient sources. In a multivariate analysis, occupational exposure from an employee source had a higher risk of testing positive compared to a patient source (odds ratio [OR], 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72–6.04). Sex, age, high-risk exposure, and HCP role were not associated with an increased risk of testing positive.Conclusions:The risk of acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following a significant occupational exposure has remained relatively low, even in the prevaccination era. Exposure to an infectious coworker carries a higher risk than exposure to a patient. Continued vigilance and precautions remain necessary in healthcare settings.
Hyphenated Identities: Voices from the Watchtower During the Cypriot Civil War
Authors: Lamnisos Tasos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an implication of the ethnically and nationally diverse nature of Mediterranean polities, identification-driven boundary-making strategies bear considerable relevance for their political processes, both in the contemporary context and in the historical past. By utilizing a Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), this study provides an interpretative exploration of Greek-Cypriot elite discursive framing strategies regarding Turkish-Cypriot and Greek-Cypriot ethno-national identity during the Cypriot Civil War (1963–1967). The available historical interpretations of this period lead us to expect an exclusionary strategy of boundary contraction to be more prevalent than the inclusionary one of boundary expansion in the discourse of Greek-Cypriot elites. Through an examination of a sample of primary textual sources, the analysis disconfirms such an expectation, as elite figures primarily constructed broader, inclusive frames of ethno-national identity during the civil war. The relative absence of boundary contraction and the prevalence of boundary expansion indicate the applicability of Wimmer’s (2008) universalist approach to ethnic boundary-making, in contrast to the expectations that are built by the Cyprus-specific historical evidence. This study thus lays the groundwork for future research to delineate the discursive framing strategies of elite figures in Cyprus and beyond the ethno-nationally divided island.
Principal bundles on two-dimensional CW-complexes with disconnected structure group
Authors: Oliveira André G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven any topological group G, the topological classification of principal G-bundles over a finite CW-complex X is long known to be given by the set of free homotopy classes of maps from X to the corresponding classifying space BG. This classical result has been long-used to provide such classification in terms of explicit characteristic classes. However, even when X has dimension 2, there is a case in which such explicit classification has not been explicitly considered. This is the case where G is a Lie group, whose group of components acts nontrivially on its fundamental group
$\pi_1G$
. Here, we deal with this case and obtain the classification, in terms of characteristic classes, of principal G-bundles over a finite CW-complex of dimension 2, with G is a Lie group such that
$\pi_0G$
is abelian.
Hausdorff dimension of the set of almost convergent sequences
Authors: Usachev Alexandr 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the sets of numbers from [0,1] such that their binary representation is almost convergent. The aim of the study is to compute the Hausdorff dimensions of such sets. Previously, the results of this type were proved for a single summation method (e.g. Cesàro, Abel, Toeplitz). This study extends the results to a wide range of matrix summation methods.
An obstacle-avoiding and stiffness-tunable modular bionic soft robot
Authors: Liu Zhaoyu , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Jiangbei , Fei Yanqiong , Du Qitong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to design and model a novel modular bionic soft robot for crawling and crossing obstacles. The modular bionic soft robot is composed of several serial driving soft modules, each module is composed of two parallel soft actuators. By analyzing the influence of working pressure and manufacturing size on the stiffness of the modular bionic soft robot, the nonlinear variable stiffness model of the modular bionic soft robot is established. Based on this model, the spatial states and design parameters of the modular bionic soft robot are discussed when the modular bionic soft robot can pass through the obstacle. Experiments show that when the inflation air pressure of the modular bionic soft robot is 70 kPa, its speed can reach 7.89 mm/s and the height of obstacles passed by it can reach 42.8 mm. The feasibility of the proposed modular bionic soft robot and nonlinear variable stiffness model is verified by locomotion experiments.
Does a prenatal diagnosis affect mortality and morbidity for neonatal arterial switch operation
Authors: Guvenc Osman , Beken Serdar , Inamlik Aysegul , Albayrak Eda , Temur Bahar , Basgoze Serdar , Aydin Selim , Saygi Murat , Ödemiş Ender , Erek Ersin , Toygar Ayse Korkmaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground:The effect of prenatal diagnosis on prognosis in patients with transposition of the great arteries is not clear. In this study, we compared the outcomes after arterial switch operation.Methods:Outcome of 112 patients who had arterial switch operation in the neonatal period were analysed. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had prenatal diagnosis (Group 1; n = 34) and those who did not (Group 2; n = 78). The patients were also classified based on their diagnosis: simple transposition, transposition with ventricular septal defect and/or aortic arch hypoplasia, and Taussig–Bing anomaly.Results:In Group 1, the C-section delivery rate was higher (82% vs. 44%; p = 0.004), and it was observed that patients in Group 1 were more often intubated upon admission to the neonatal ICU (38% vs. 9%; p = 0.005). No differences were found between the two groups in terms of operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, post-operative invasive respiratory support duration, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. It was observed that those who had Taussig–Bing anomaly had a higher mortality.Conclusions:Timely treatment have a positive effect on neonatal mortality and morbidity. That’s why all families with prenatal diagnosis of critical CHD should be recommended to have the delivery in a tertiary care hospital. Although it could not be demonstrated in this study, prenatal diagnosis has a potential to improve surgical results especially in countries or cities, which does not have enough resources for transfer and surgical units. Further efforts are needed to improve prenatal screening programmes.
Efficacy and safety of endotracheal instillation of iloprost for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Okbay Gunes Asli , Ciftel Murat , Timur Mehmet Emcet , Dedebali Ceren , Pirdal Betul Zehra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine the efficacy and safety of endotracheal instillation of iloprost as a rescue therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.Methods:Neonates diagnosed with persistent pulmonary hypertension who were unresponsive to standard treatment protocol applied for persistent pulmonary hypertension in our unit, and who were being followed up with mechanical ventilation, were included in the study. Iloprost was instilled endotracheally as a rescue treatment. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, oxygen saturation index, mean airway pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, preductal and postductal venous oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded before and after 30 minutes of endotracheal iloprost instillation. Adverse events after endotracheal iloprost were recorded.Results:Twenty neonates were included. The median gestational age and birth weight were found to be 37 (30.5-38) weeks and 2975 (2125-3437.5) grams, respectively. When compared to the period before endotracheal iloprost instillation, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, oxygen saturation index, mean airway pressure, and fraction of inspired oxygen values significantly decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.021, p = 0.001, respectively), whereas preductal and postductal oxygen saturation values significantly increased 30 minutes after the endotracheal iloprost instillation (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in heart rate and blood pressure values before and after the iloprost administration. No adverse events were observed.Conclusion:Endotracheal instillation of iloprost was found to be an effective and safe therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to conventional treatment.
Propensity score analysis of the association between maternal exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and birth defects in Northwestern China
Authors: Li Jing , Du Yujiao , Qu Fengyi , Jing Hui , Yan Hong , Dang Shaonong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that maternal active smoking can increase the risk of birth defects, but evidence on second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is limited. We aimed to assess the association between maternal exposure to SHS and birth defects in a Chinese population. The data were based on a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted in Shaanxi Province, China. Considering the characteristics of survey design and the potential impact of confounding factors, we adopted propensity score matching (PSM) to match the SHS exposure group and the non-exposure group to attain a balance of the confounders between the two groups. Subsequently, conditional logistic regression was employed to estimate the effect of SHS exposure on birth defects. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the key findings. After nearest neighbor matching of PSM with a ratio of 2 and a caliper width of 0.03, there were 6,205 and 12,410 participants in the exposure and control group, respectively. Pregnant women exposed to SHS were estimated to be 58% more likely to have infants with overall birth defects (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.30–1.91) and 75% more likely to have infants with circulatory system defects (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26–2.44). We also observed that the risk effect of overall birth defects had an increasing trend as the frequency of exposure increased. Additionally, sensitivity analyses suggested that our results had good robustness. These results indicate that maternal exposure to SHS likely increases the risk of overall birth defects, especially circulatory system defects, in Chinese offspring.
Maternal BMI, breastfeeding and perinatal factors that influence early childhood growth trajectories: a scoping review
Authors: Abrego Del Castillo Kayla Y. , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Wamithi Susan , Briollais Laurent , McGowan Patrick O. , Dol Justine , Lye Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObesity rates among children are rapidly rising internationally and have been linked to noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. Individual preventive strategies have not effectively reduced global obesity rates, leading to a gap in clinical services regarding the development of early perinatal interventions. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the relationship between maternal BMI and breastfeeding behaviors on child growth trajectories to determine their relevance in developing interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity.The scoping review was guided and informed by the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework. A systematic search was performed in four databases. Studies included in the final review were collated and sorted into relevant themes. A systematic search yielded a total of 5831 records (MEDLINE: 1242, EMBASE: 2629, CINAHL: 820, PubMed: 1140). Results without duplicates (n = 4190) were screened based on relevancy of which 197 relevant-full-text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility resulting in 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and charted for the studies and six themes were identified: (1) healthy behaviors, lifestyle, and social economic status; (2) parental anthropometrics and perinatal weight status; (3) genetics, epigenetics, and fetal programming; (4) early infant feeding; (5) infant growth trajectories; and (6) targeted prevention and interventions. Early life risk factors for child obesity are multifactorial and potentially modifiable. Several at-risk groups were identified who would benefit from early preventative interventions targeting the importance of healthy weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months, and healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Diurnal Variability in Aeolian Sediment Transport at Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Baker Mariah M. , Newman Claire E. , Sullivan Robert , Minitti Michelle E. , Edgett Kenneth S. , Fey Deirdra , Ellison Doug , Lewis Kevin W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA suite of high resolution cameras onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover have provided an unparalleled look at active aeolian processes on Mars, including within the first active dune field explored on another planet, the Bagnold Dunes. Here we present results from a subset of MSL's repeat imaging (“change detection”) experiments with temporal resolutions sufficient to probe the diurnal variability in winds within Gale crater. Images reveal that saltation is a near‐daily phenomenon during southern summer, with repeatable diurnal circulation patterns producing steady impact ripple migration toward the west/southwest. Nighttime fluxes are inferred to be ∼four times larger than daytime fluxes, consistent with predictions from the MarsWRF model of multiple periods of enhanced wind between sunset and sunrise. Multiple factors are likely facilitating saltation at this time: (a) time‐averaged nighttime winds have a higher degree of variance (i.e., higher peak friction speeds) than daytime winds, (b) interactions between regional Hadley flows and local, thermally driven slope winds cause increased turbulence at night, and (c) relatively higher atmospheric density produces correspondingly higher shear stresses and decreases critical thresholds. Observations of sand transport at a range of spatiotemporal scales (down to scale of individual particles moving on the timescale of seconds) support the idea that bedform migration is driven by intermittent, low‐flux saltation events when winds fluctuate between canonical impact and fluid thresholds. Yet, whereas gustiness may play a role in initiating transport, saltation is found to be highly predictable on diurnal timescales and is only stochastic on the shortest timescales characteristic of turbulent fluctuations in wind.
Supporting Growth and Transpiration of Newly Planted Street Trees With Passive Irrigation Systems
Authors: Thom Jasmine K. , Fletcher Tim D. , Livesley Stephen J. , Grey Vaughn , Szota Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolutions that use stormwater runoff to rapidly establish tree canopy cover in cities have received significant attention. Passive irrigation systems that direct stormwater to trees have the potential to increase growth and transpiration and may limit drought stress. However, little data from the field demonstrates this, and we lack robust and reliable designs which achieve it. Here, we quantified growth and transpiration for trees: (a) in infiltration pits receiving stormwater, with a raised underdrain and internal water storage (drained), (b) next to infiltration pits receiving stormwater but without an underdrain and internal water storage (adjacent), and (c) planted in standard pits, not receiving stormwater (control). Trees in drained pits grew twice as fast as control trees in the first 2 years, but fast initial growth rates were not sustained in years three and four. Trees outgrowing the small infiltration pits, rather than a lack of water, was most likely responsible for growth rates slowing down. Despite this, rapid initial growth for trees in drained pits meant trees were larger by year three and transpired more than twice as much (5.1 L d−1) as trees adjacent to pits (2.4 L d−1) or control trees (2.3 L d−1). No trees showed drought stress during the study. However, some trees planted adjacent to infiltration pits showed waterlogging stress, suggesting caution installing infiltration pits adjacent to establishing trees in fine‐textured soils. Overall, our results suggest passive irrigation systems can substantially increase initial tree growth, thereby facilitating greater cooling and runoff reduction through increased transpiration.
Modeling the Varying Location of Field Line Resonances During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Elsden T. , Yeoman T. K. , Wharton S. J. , Rae I. J. , Sandhu J. K. , Walach M‐T. , James M. K. , Wright D. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious observational studies have shown that the natural Alfvén frequencies of geomagnetic field lines vary significantly over the course of a geomagnetic storm, decreasing by up to 50% from their quiet time values outside the plasmasphere. This was recently demonstrated statistically using ground magnetometer observations across 132 geomagnetic storm events (Wharton et al., 2020). This then brings into question where field line resonances (FLRs) will form in storm‐time conditions relative to quiet times. With storm‐time radiation belt dynamics depending heavily upon wave‐particle interactions, understanding how FLR locations change over the course of a storm will have important implications for this area. Using 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we investigate how changes in the Alfvén frequency continuum of the Earth's dayside magnetosphere over the course of a geomagnetic storm affect the fast‐Alfvén wave coupling. By setting the model Alfvén frequencies consistent with the observations, and permitting a modest change in the plasmapause/magnetopause locations consistent with storm‐time behavior, we show that FLR locations can change substantially during storms. The combined effects of higher fast waveguide frequencies and lower Alfvén frequencies during storm main phases, act together to move the FLR locations radially inwards compared to quiet times. FLRs outside of the plasmasphere are moved radially inward by 1.7 Earth radii for the cases considered.
A Fast Bow Shock Location Predictor‐Estimator From 2D and 3D Analytical Models: Application to Mars and the MAVEN Mission
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Volwerk Martin , Beth Arnaud , Mazelle Christian , Möstl Christian , Halekas Jasper , Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Rojas‐Castillo Diana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present fast algorithms to automatically estimate the statistical position of the bow shock from spacecraft data, using existing analytical two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) models of the shock surface. We derive expressions of the standoff distances in 2D and 3D and of the normal to the bow shock at any given point on it. Two simple bow shock detection algorithms are constructed, one solely based on a geometrical predictor from existing models, the other using this predicted position to further refine it with the help of magnetometer data, an instrument flown on many planetary missions. Both empirical techniques are applicable to any planetary environment with a defined shock structure. Applied to the Martian environment and the NASA/MAVEN mission, the predicted shock position is on average within 0.15 planetary radius Rp of the bow shock crossing. Using the predictor‐corrector algorithm, this estimate is further refined to within a few minutes of the true crossing (≈0.05Rp). Between 2014 and 2021, we detect 14,929 clear bow shock crossings, predominantly quasi‐perpendicular. Thanks to 2D conic and 3D quadratic fits, we investigate the variability of the shock surface with respect to Mars Years (MY), solar longitude (Ls), and solar EUV flux levels. Although asymmetry in Y and Z Mars Solar Orbital coordinates is on average small, we show that for MY32 and MY35, Ls = [135°−225°] and high solar flux, it can become particularly noticeable, and is superimposed to the usual North‐South asymmetry due in part to the presence of crustal magnetic fields.
Global Distribution of Concurrent EMIC Waves and Magnetosonic Waves: A Survey of Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Zhou Ruoxian , Ni Binbin , Fu Song , Teng Shangchun , Tao Xin , Hu Zejun , Guo Jianguang , Hua Man , Yi Juan , Guo YingJie , Jiao Luhuai , Ma Xin , Gu Xudong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent studies have reported the simultaneous observation of Magnetosonic (MS) waves and Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. In this study, a detailed survey of the concurrent EMIC waves and MS waves is performed using the Van Allen Probes observations from 2012 to 2017. The results suggest that most of the concurrent EMIC waves and MS waves are H+ band EMIC waves and MS waves. The favorable geomagnetic conditions for the concurrent EMIC waves and MS waves are AE* ≥ 500 nT inside the plasmapause and AE* ≥ 100 nT outside the plasmapause. Although EMIC waves are generally stronger than MS waves, stronger MS waves than EMIC waves are more likely to occur during moderate and active geomagnetic times. Our study is consistent with the most recent research, and provides more detailed information that helps us to deepen our understanding of the concurrent EMIC waves and MS waves.