bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal control of wave energy systems considering nonlinear Froude–Krylov effects: control-oriented modelling and moment-based control
Authors: Faedo N. , Giorgi G. , Ringwood J. V. , Mattiazzo G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivated by the relevance of so-called nonlinear Froude–Krylov (FK) hydrodynamic effects in the accurate dynamical description of wave energy converters (WECs) under controlled conditions, and the apparent lack of a suitable control framework effectively capable of optimally harvesting ocean wave energy in such circumstances, we present, in this paper, an integrated framework to achieve such a control objective, by means of two main contributions. We first propose a data-based, control-oriented, modelling procedure, able to compute a suitable mathematical representation for nonlinear FK effects, fully compatible with state-of-the-art control procedures. Secondly, we propose a moment-based optimal control solution, capable of transcribing the energy-maximising optimal control problem for WECs subject to nonlinear FK effects, by incorporating the corresponding data-based FK model via moment-based theory, with real-time capabilities. We illustrate the application of the proposed framework, including energy absorption performance, by means of a comprehensive case study, comprising both the data-based modelling, and the optimal moment-based control of a heaving point absorber WEC subject to nonlinear FK forces.
An Options Game approach to valuate broadband projects in a smart city context
Authors: Di Bari Antonio , Villani Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBroadband projects nowadays represent a valid investment alternative to pursuing smart city goals, particularly considering the rapid development that has affected the telecommunications industry. However, for potential investors, the valuation of these projects is a demanding activity because they are characterized by the uncertainty of future user demands, the competition risk, and the sequential nature of investment. In this paper we propose an innovative methodology to valuate the broadband projects taking into account these three peculiarities. This model consists of combining the compound real options approach (ROA), able to price the sequential uncertain projects, with the Options Game (OG) approach used in the literature to valuate uncertain investments affected by competition risk. This paper contributes to the existing literature by expanding the OG model to fit the broadband characteristics in discrete time. We also propose a case study to implement the theoretical approach. Results show that, despite their uncertain nature and competition risks, broadband investments represent a profitable investment alternative when pursuing smart city goals.
The productivity shock in business services
Authors: Kritikos Alexander S. , Schiersch Alexander , Stiel Caroline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by SME, declined by 40 percent between 1995 and 2014. Similar developments can be observed in several other European economies. Using a German dataset with 700,000 firm-level observations, we analyze this largely undiscovered phenomenon in professional services, the fourth largest sector of the business economy in the EU-15, which provides important inputs to the economy and has experienced substantial growth in both output and employment since the turn of the millennium. We find that changes in the value chain explain about half of the decline and that increases in part-time employment account for another small part. Contrary to expectations, the entry of micro and small firms is not responsible for the decline, despite their lower productivity levels. Further, we cannot confirm the conjecture that weakening competition has led to an increase in the number of unproductive firms remaining in the markets and that this has led to a lower average productivity.
Generating predicate suggestions based on the space of plans: an example of planning with preferences
Authors: Canal Gerard , Torras Carme , Alenyà Guillem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTask planning in human–robot environments tends to be particularly complex as it involves additional uncertainty introduced by the human user. Several plans, entailing few or various differences, can be obtained to solve the same given task. To choose among them, the usual least-cost plan criteria is not necessarily the best option, because here, human constraints and preferences come into play. Knowing these user preferences is very valuable to select an appropriate plan, but the preference values are usually hard to obtain. In this context, we propose the Space-of-Plans-based Suggestions (SoPS) algorithms that can provide suggestions for some planning predicates, which are used to define the state of the environment in a task planning problem where actions modify the predicates. We denote these predicates as suggestible predicates, of which user preferences are a particular case. The first algorithm is able to analyze the potential effect of the unknown predicates and provide suggestions to values for these unknown predicates that may produce better plans. The second algorithm is able to suggest changes to already known values that potentially improve the obtained reward. The proposed approach utilizes a Space of Plans Tree structure to represent a subset of the space of plans. The tree is traversed to find the predicates and the values that would most increase the reward, and output them as a suggestion to the user. Our evaluation in three preference-based assistive robotics domains shows how the proposed algorithms can improve task performance by suggesting the most effective predicate values first.
Seven years of pig slurry fertilization: impacts on soil chemical properties and the element content of winter barley plants
Authors: Shakoor Awais , Bosch-Serra Àngela D. , Alberdi José Ramón Olarieta , Herrero Carmen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intensive pig farming produces large amounts of slurry, which is applied to agricultural soils as fertilizer. A 7-year field study was performed to check the effect of pig slurry on soil properties and on the accumulation of some essential nutrients and heavy metals in a calcareous silty-loam soil (0–0.3 m) and in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants in two cropping seasons with contrasting amounts of rainfall. Five fertilization treatments, control (no N applied), mineral fertilizer (90 kg N ha−1), and different N doses of pig slurry (146, 281, 534 kg N ha−1), were applied at sowing of a barley crop. Organic carbon, available P and K, and total P in soil increased with slurry dose. No differences were found in Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb soil concentrations. Slurries increased Cu, Mn, and Zn extractions and plant concentrations of P in straw and Zn in grain. However, the lowest slurry rate was able to maintain the highest grain yields while improving fertility. The results of this research study support the sustainability of pig slurry fertilization at appropriate rates in relation to soil chemical quality.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Financial Incentives among Unhoused People in Los Angeles County: a Three-Stage Field Survey
Authors: Rosen Allison D. , Beltran Jacqueline , Thomas Emily , Miller Jonni , Robie Brooke , Walseth Savanah , Backes Shea , Leachman Nicolas , Chang Alicia H. , Bratcher Anna , Frederes Ashley , Romero Ruby , Beas Ivan , Alvarado Julissa , Cruz Brenda , Tabajonda Michelle , Shover Chelsea L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnhoused people have higher COVID-19 mortality and lower vaccine uptake than housed community members. Understanding vaccine hesitancy among unhoused people is key for developing programs that address their unique needs. A three-round, rapid, field-based survey was conducted to describe attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Round 1 assessed vaccine brand preference, round 2 assessed intention to accept a financial incentive for vaccination, and round 3 measured vaccine uptake and assessed reasons for vaccine readiness during implementation of a financial incentive program. A total of 5177 individuals were approached at COVID-19 vaccination events for unhoused people in Los Angeles County from May through November 2021. Analyses included 4949 individuals: 3636 (73.5%) unsheltered and 1313 (26.5%) sheltered. Per self-report, 2008 (40.6%) were already vaccinated, 1732 (35%) wanted to get vaccinated, 359 (7.3%) were not yet ready, and 850 (17.2%) did not want to get vaccinated. Brand preference was evenly split among participants (Moderna 31.0%, J&J 35.5%, either 33.5%,p = 0.74). Interest in a financial incentive differed between those who were not yet ready and those who did not want to get vaccinated (43.2% vs. 16.2%,p < 0.01). After implementing a financial incentive program, 97.4% of participants who indicated interest in vaccination were vaccinated that day; the financial incentive was the most cited reason for vaccine readiness (n = 731, 56%). This study demonstrated the utility of an iterative, field-based assessment for program implementation during the rapidly evolving pandemic. Personal engagement, a variety of brand choices, and financial incentives could be important for improving vaccine uptake among unhoused people.
Extent of Follow-Up on Abnormal Cancer Screening in Multiple California Public Hospital Systems: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Khoong Elaine C. , Rivadeneira Natalie A. , Pacca Lucia , Schillinger Dean , Lown David , Babaria Palav , Gupta Neha , Pramanik Rajiv , Tran Helen , Whitezell Tyler , Somsouk Ma , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Inequitable follow-up of abnormal cancer screening tests may contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in colon and breast cancer outcomes. However, few multi-site studies have examined follow-up of abnormal cancer screening tests and it is unknown if racial/ethnic disparities exist.

Objective
This report describes patterns of performance on follow-up of abnormal colon and breast cancer screening tests and explores the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities exist in public hospital systems.

Design
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from five California public hospital systems. We used multivariable robust Poisson regression analyses to examine whether patient-level factors or site predicted receipt of follow-up test.

Main Measures
Using data from five public hospital systems between July 2015 and June 2017, we assessed follow-up of two screening results: (1) colonoscopy after positive fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) and (2) tissue biopsy within 21 days after a BIRADS 4/5 mammogram.

Key Results
Of 4132 abnormal FITs, 1736 (42%) received a follow-up colonoscopy. Older age, Medicaid insurance, lack of insurance, English language, and site were negatively associated with follow-up colonoscopy, while Hispanic ethnicity and Asian race were positively associated with follow-up colonoscopy. Of 1702 BIRADS 4/5 mammograms, 1082 (64%) received a timely biopsy; only site was associated with timely follow-up biopsy.

Conclusion
Despite the vulnerabilities of public-hospital-system patients, follow-up of abnormal cancer screening tests occurs at rates similar to that of patients in other healthcare settings, with colon cancer screening test follow-up occurring at lower rates than follow-up of breast cancer screening tests. Site-level factors have larger, more consistent impact on follow-up rates than patient sociodemographic traits. Resources are needed to identify health system–level factors, such as test follow-up processes or data infrastructure, that improve abnormal cancer screening test follow-up so that effective health system–level interventions can be evaluated and disseminated.
Experiences of Transgender People Reviewing Their Electronic Health Records, a Qualitative Study
Authors: Alpert Ash B. , Mehringer Jamie E. , Orta Sunshine J. , Redwood Emile , Hernandez Tresne , Rivers Lexis , Manzano Charlie , Ruddick Roman , Adams Spencer , Cerulli Catherine , Operario Don , Griggs Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The 21st Century Cures Act and the OpenNotes movement have brought patients immediate access to their electronic health records (EHRs). The experiences of marginalized people, including transgender people, accessing and reviewing their EHRs could inform documentation guidelines to improve patient-clinician rapport and reduce harm.

Objective
To investigate the experiences of transgender people reviewing EHRs.

Design
Qualitative study using community-engaged research and an interpretive description methodology. Participants were recruited via social media, snowball sampling was employed, and purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity in terms of age, race/ethnicity, and other factors. In focus groups, participants were asked to discuss their experiences reviewing their EHRs and, for those participants who were clinicians, their experiences reviewing other clinicians’ documentation.

Participants
Thirty transgender adults aged 20 to 67 years, including 10 clinicians.
Approach: Digital audio-recordings of focus groups were transcribed verbatim. Content was analyzed to identify emerging essential elements and analysis was continued until no new themes emerged (i.e., saturation).

Key Results
Four themes were noted. (1) Using the wrong name, pronoun, or gender marker for patients is common in the EHR, erodes trust, and causes trauma. (2) Various aspects of clinicians’ notes contradict, blame, or stigmatize patients, across multiple axes of oppression. (3) Limitations of EHR capabilities create barriers to quality care. (4) Certain medical customs set the stage for marginalizing, objectifying, and pathologizing transgender people.

Conclusions
Transgender people experience harm via various aspects of EHR documentation, suggesting that changes must be made to improve patient-clinician relationships and reduce ill-effects for patients.
A review of the recent development, challenges, and opportunities of electronic waste (e-waste)
Authors: Shahabuddin M. , Uddin M. Nur , Chowdhury J. I. , Ahmed S. F. , Uddin M. N. , Mofijur M. , Uddin M. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reviews recent developments, challenges, and the prospect of electronic waste (e-waste). Various aspects of e-waste, including collection, pre-treatment, and recycling, are discussed briefly. It is found that Europe is the leading collector of e-waste, followed by Asia, America, Oceania, and Africa. The monetary worth of e-waste raw materials is estimated to be $57.0 billion. However, only $10.0 billion worth of e-waste is recycled and recovered sustainably, offsetting 15.0 million tonnes (Mt) of CO2. The major challenges of e-waste treatment include collection, sorting and inhomogeneity of waste, low energy density, prevention of further waste, emission, and cost-effective recycling. Only 78 countries in the world now have e-waste related legislation. Such legislation is not effectively implemented in most regions. Developing countries like south-eastern Asia and Northern Africa have limited or no e-waste legislation. Therefore, country-specific standards and legislation, public awareness, effective implementation, and government incentives for developing cost-effective technologies are sought to manage e-waste, which will play an important role in the circular economy.
Non-Distinctive Uses of a Trademark: The CJEU’s “Function Theory” (and Its Adoption by Italian Courts) – Future Prospects in Light of EU Trademark Law
Authors: Bonomo Valentina , Magnani Paola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper takes its cue from recent amendments to EU trademark law to scrutinize the issue of non-distinctive uses of another’s mark and of the limits on the exclusive right stemming from the need for the free use of signs or for the protection of fundamental rights other than that of the trademark proprietor. The aim of the study, therefore, is to identify the perimeter of the exclusive right conferred by a trademark on its proprietor so as to understand whether the latter can claim protection against any non-authorized use of his or her mark, even if the function of such use is not “typical” for distinguishing goods and services. Doubts as to interpretation arise from the recent approach of the CJEU, which on the one hand introduces interference of third-party use of a trademark with the protected functions thereof as a yardstick for assessing the unlawfulness of such use and, on the other, broadens and multiplies such functions. The latest amendments to EU trademark law seem to indicate a different future path to follow in assessing cases of non-distinctive use, reaffirming that use with a distinctive function is the foundation of the exclusive right conferred on the trademark proprietor and determines the extent thereof.
In vivo brain MR spectroscopy in gliomas: clinical and pre-clinical chances
Authors: Padelli Francesco , Mazzi Federica , Erbetta Alessandra , Chiapparini Luisa , Doniselli Fabio M. , Palermo Sara , Aquino Domenico , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Cuccarini Valeria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, have recently been re-classified incorporating molecular aspects with important clinical, prognostic, and predictive implications. Concurrently, the reprogramming of metabolism, altering intracellular and extracellular metabolites affecting gene expression, differentiation, and the tumour microenvironment, is increasingly being studied, and alterations in metabolic pathways are becoming hallmarks of cancer. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a complementary, non-invasive technique capable of quantifying multiple metabolites. The aim of this review focuses on the methodology and analysis techniques in proton MRS (1H MRS), including a brief look at X-nuclei MRS, and on its perspectives for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gliomas in both clinical practice and preclinical research.

Methods
PubMed literature research was performed cross-linking the following key words: glioma, MRS, brain, in-vivo, human, animal model, clinical, pre-clinical, techniques, sequences, 1H, X-nuclei, Artificial Intelligence (AI), hyperpolarization.

Results
We selected clinical works (n = 51), preclinical studies (n = 35) and AI MRS application papers (n = 15) published within the last two decades. The methodological papers (n = 62) were taken into account since the technique first description.

Conclusions
Given the development of treatments targeting specific cancer metabolic pathways, MRS could play a key role in allowing non-invasive assessment for patient diagnosis and stratification, predicting and monitoring treatment responses and prognosis. The characterization of gliomas through MRS will benefit of a wide synergy among scientists and clinicians of different specialties within the context of new translational competences. Head coils, MRI hardware and post-processing analysis progress, advances in research, experts’ consensus recommendations and specific professionalizing programs will make the technique increasingly trustworthy, responsive, accessible.
Rapid Video Responses (RVR) vs. Face-to-Face Responses by Police Officers to Domestic Abuse Victims: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rothwell Stacey , McFadzien Kent , Strang Heather , Hooper Graham , Pughsley Alan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Research Question
Can police increase victim satisfaction and improve efficiency by providing consenting domestic abuse victims, if their offenders are not present, with an immediate video link to a uniformed police officer, rather than waiting for face-to-face police attendance?

Data
Eligible and consenting cases for this block-randomised trial (N =517) included 357 calls from female victims of intimate partner violence (FIPV), 57 calls from female victims of non-IPV abuse, 83 calls from male victims of IPV and 21 calls from male victims of non-IPV abuse. Cases were screened for eligibility before police call takers asked all callers for consent to a video meeting with a police officer (if one was available for random assignment).

Methods
Consenting callers (560 of 749 of eligible callers = 75%) agreed to be randomly assigned to either ‘business as usual’ (BAU) for such calls or a rapid video response (RVR), by immediate transfer of their call to a uniformed police officer visible on a video link (to whom the victim was also visible); only 69% (517 of 749) were randomly assigned due to limited RVR availability. Follow-up interviews with all 511 assigned callers consenting to interviews (99% of those assigned) were completed with 80.5 % (N = 416) of those callers across both treatment groups, with 82.2% in RVR and 78.7% in BAU, and near identical rates for female IPV victims as for the combined samples. Official records on arrest and other short-term case outcomes were also collected. Data were analysed in four blocks of separate random assignment sequences for each of the categories of callers. Across all four blocks combined, 94% of the RVR-assigned victims received a completed RVR resolution; 67% of the BAU victims received a face-to-face contact with a police officer, with other BAU responses by voice phone but not video.

Findings
Rapid video response (RVR) to these calls was an average of 656 times faster in responding to the victims (3 min) than the average BAU time for trying to deploy a police car (1969 min). RVR clearly produced higher victim satisfaction among female IPV victims (89% in the RVR group) compared to control victims (78% in the BAU group) (p=0.01). Arrest rates for suspects were 50% higher in the RVR group (24%) relative to the BAU group (16%), with three times more arrests during follow-up investigations on RVR cases. Trust and confidence in the police improved more for abuse victims receiving RVR than those receiving BAU.

Conclusions
In this test, RVR helped domestic abuse victims far more rapidly than BAU. The innovation improved domestic abuse victims’ satisfaction, and their trust and confidence in the police, who made more arrests after RVR than BAU. Based on these conclusions, Kent Police have launched RVR county-wide as a new standard offering for domestic abuse victims to select.
Perspektiven von Eltern und Fachpersonen auf pädagogische Qualität in elementarpädagogischen Einrichtungen
Authors: Mittischek Lea , Bachner Christina , Barta Mailina , Geißler Claudia , Walter-Laager Catherine , Eichen Lars 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie pädagogische Qualität in institutionellen Kinderbildungs- und -betreuungseinrichtungen ist bedeutend für das Wohlbefinden und für die Entwicklung der Kinder. Die Sichtweise auf gute pädagogische Qualität in Kindertageseinrichtungen wird je nach Perspektive von verschiedenen Personengruppen wie etwa Eltern und Fachpersonen unterschiedlich beantwortet werden. Dieser Beitrag nimmt diesen Gedanken in den Fokus und vergleicht die Sichtweisen von Eltern und Fachpersonen auf die pädagogische Qualität in elementarpädagogischen Einrichtungen. Im Rahmen eines qualitativen Teilprojekts des ERASMUS+ ForschungsprojektesEuropäisches Gütesiegel für Qualität in Kindertageseinrichtungenwurde eine Fragebogenerhebung mit Eltern und Fachpersonen in Österreich, Ungarn, Deutschland und Slowenien durchgeführt. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen, die sich zum einem aus den unterschiedlichen Rollen der Personengruppen und zum anderen aus gruppenspezifischen Bedürfnissen ableiten lassen. Der Vergleich dieser beiden Perspektiven weist vorrangig auf die Bedeutsamkeit der Berücksichtigung von Mehrperspektivität in der pädagogischen Qualitätsdebatte hin.