bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-tuberculosis drugs used in a directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) schedule alter endocrine patterns and reduce the ovarian reserve and oocyte quality in the mouse
Authors: Rao Arpitha , Nayak Guruprasad , Ananda Hanumappa , Kumari Sandhya , Dutta Rahul , Kalthur Sneha Guruprasad , Mutalik Srinivas , Thomas Sneha Ann , Pasricha Renu , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Adiga Satish Kumar , Kalthur Guruprasad 
Published: October 2022

Context Tuberculosis is one of the major infectious diseases, with people of reproductive age group having a high risk of infection. Aims The present study was designed to understand the consequences of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) used in DOTS (directly observed treatment short course) schedule on ovarian function. Methods Adult female Swiss albino mice were orally administered with combinations of ATDs used in the DOTS schedule every day for 4 weeks. At 2 weeks after the cessation of ATDs administration, the endocrine changes and ovarian function were assessed in mice. Key results Administration of ATDs to mice resulted in a prolonged estrous cycle, reduced ovarian follicle reserve, alteration in FSH, LH, and progesterone level, and decreased the number of ovulated oocytes. Further, the degree of fragmentation, degeneration, abnormal distribution of cytoplasmic organelles, abnormal spindle organisation, and chromosomal misalignment were higher in oocytes that were ovulated following superovulation. Blastocysts derived from ATDs treated mice had significantly lower total cell numbers and greater DNA damage. A marginal increase in the number of resorbed fetuses was observed in all the ATDs treated groups except in the multidrug resistance treatment group. Male progeny of ATDs treated mice had decreased sperm count and lower progressive motility, while female progeny exhibited a non-significant reduction in the number of oocytes ovulated. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that ATDs can have significant adverse effects on the ovarian reserve, cytoplasmic organisation of oocytes, and can potentially cause transgenerational changes. Implications The findings of the present study indicate ovarian toxicity of ATDs and warrant further research in the direction of identifying alternate drugs with minimal toxicity, and strategies to mitigate the ovarian toxicity induced by these drugs.
Statistics of biased tracers in variance-suppressed simulations
Authors: Maion Francisco , Angulo Raul E. , Zennaro Matteo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cosmological simulations play an increasingly important role in analysing the
observed large-scale structure of the Universe. Recently, they have been
particularly important in building hybrid models that combine a perturbative
bias expansion with displacement fields extracted from N-body
simulations to describe the clustering of biased tracers. Here, we show that simulations that employ a technique referred
to as “Fixing-and-pairing” (F&P) can dramatically improve the statistical
precision of such hybrid models. Specifically, by numerical and analytical
means, we show that F&P simulations provide unbiased estimates for all
statistics employed by hybrid models while reducing, by up to two orders of
magnitude, their uncertainty on large scales. This roughly implies that an
EUCLID-like survey could be analysed using simulations of 2 Gpc a side — a 20%
of the survey volume. Our work establishes the robustness of F&P for current
hybrid theoretical models for galaxy clustering, an important step towards
achieving an optimal exploitation of large-scale structure measurements.
APPLESOSS: A Producer of ProfiLEs for SOSS. Application to the NIRISS SOSS Mode
Authors: Radica Michael , Albert Loïc , Taylor Jake , Lafrenière David , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Doyon René , Cook Neil , Cowan Nicolas , Espinoza Néstor , Johnstone Doug , Kaltenegger Lisa , Piaulet Caroline , Roy Arpita , Talens Geert Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The SOSS mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument is poised to be one of the workhorse modes for exoplanet atmosphere observations with the newly launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). One of the challenges of the SOSS mode, however, is the physical overlap of the first two diffraction orders of the G700XD grism on the detector. Recently, the ATOCA algorithm was developed and implemented as an option in the official JWST pipeline, as a method to extract SOSS spectra by decontaminating the detector—that is, separating the first and second orders. Here, we present A Producer of ProfiLEs for SOSS (APPLESOSS), which generates the spatial profiles for each diffraction order upon which ATOCA relies. We validate APPLESOSS using simulated SOSS time series observations of WASP-52 b, and compare it to ATOCA extractions using two other spatial profiles (a best and worst case scenario on-sky), as well as a simple box extraction performed without taking into account the order contamination. We demonstrate that APPLESOSS profiles retain a high degree of fidelity to the true underlying spatial profiles, and therefore yield accurate extracted spectra. We further confirm that the effects of the order contamination for relative measurements (e.g., exoplanet transmission or emission observations) is small—the transmission spectrum obtained from each of our four tests, including the contaminated box extraction, is consistent at the ∼1σ level with the atmosphere model input into our noiseless simulations. We further confirm via a retrieval analysis that the atmosphere parameters (metallicity and C/O) obtained from each transmission spectrum are consistent with the true underlying values.
Saturable absorption performance of large area monolayer MoS2 coated planarized optical waveguide
Authors: Chew Jing Wen , Chong Wu Yi , Yap Yuen Kiat , Ng Kok Bin , Gan Soon Xin , Ahmad Harith 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of compact waveguide-based pulsed lasers has been of great interest in the past two decades. This is supported by the rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) materials saturable absorbers (SAs). In this paper, we integrate a large area monolayer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) on a planarized silica optical waveguide and studied its performance as an SA. A single layer MoS2 film on polydimethylsiloxane substrate is mechanically transferred to the planarized optical waveguide. The single layer MoS2 can interact with the evanescent field of the waveguide core mode, thus achieving SA. The MoS2-coated waveguide is then integrated into an erbium-doped fibre laser cavity that operates in the telecommunication wavelength region. Q-switching is achieved with a repetition rate, pulse duration and maximum pulse energy of 22.5 kHz, 5.24 µs and 4.1 nJ, respectively at a pump power of 122.8 mW. The results show that 2D material thin films can be integrated onto a planarized optical waveguide to act as SAs. These findings show the potential of using 2D materials in developing compact, integrated waveguide pulsed laser sources.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modelling of ZnO-SiO2 Composite Through a Consecutive Electrospray and Spray Drying Method
Authors: Qomariyah L , Puri N R , Grady E , Nurtono T , Widiyastuti  , Kusdianto  , Madhania S , Winardi S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Modelling of the droplet formation and drying process in the synthesis of Zinc Oxide-Silicon Dioxide (ZnO-SiO2) composite have been conducted through a CFD modelling. In general, modelling of spray drying only focused on exploring the drying chamber section. The phenomenon builds in a consecutive electrospray and spray drying method has been successfully studied in this paper. The influence of carrier gas flow rate (2 to 10 L/min), precursor flow rate (1 to 10 ml/h), drying chamber temperature and applied voltage (12 to 14 kV) were investigated systematically. Numerical modelling was conducted to describe the mechanism of the composite droplet formation through the jet shape of the electrospray. Evaporation of the initial composite droplet was considered in the modelling, accounting for its size evolution. Simultaneous mass transfer modelling due to the composite evaporation was solved in combination with a general dynamic equation solution. The modelling results show that the applied voltage and the precursor flow rate effectively affected the composite droplet size. While the carrier gas flow rate and the drying chamber temperature, influenced the effectiveness of the composite particle formation in the spray drying synthesis.
Chemical properties and microstructure analysis of yellow corn and okara-based composite flour
Authors: Praseptiangga D , Widyaastuti D , Sarifah R F A , Ishartani D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Composite flour is derived from mixing flour rich in starch, protein, and other ingredients. Corn and okara have great potentials of being used as raw materials for the manufacturing of this composite flour, due to their high nutritional quality and affordability. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze the chemical characteristics and microstructure of yellow corn and okara-based composite flours. The composite flour was produced in five different formulations of yellow corn flour and dried okara. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the One-way ANOVA with a significance level of 95% and the difference between the mean values of the data was further analyzed with DMRT. Results showed that the amount of okara flour added to that of the composite flours significantly (p<0.05) decreased moisture and carbohydrate contents, and then increased the ash, fat, protein, total dietary fiber, and resistant starch contents. While its microstructure analysis has confirmed the interaction between yellow corn starch granules and okara fiber. Furthermore, higher addition of okara flour has improved the composite flours properties. Thus, yellow corn and okara-based composite flours showed great potentials as functional food ingredients for food products diversification, due to their high protein and dietary fiber contents.
Thermo-mechanical design for ALPIDE pixel sensor chip in a high-energy particle detector space module
Authors: Coli S. , Angeletti M. , Gargiulo C. , Iuppa R. , Serra E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Limadou collaboration includes all Italian scientists working on the project CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite), a constellation of satellites equipped with the most advanced technologies for correlating ionosphere perturbations with the occurrence of seismic events [2]. For the launch of CSES-02, scheduled for mid-2022, the collaboration is realizing the high-energy particle detector [1], aimed at detecting electrons and protons trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere, with energies 5 MeV–100 MeV and 30 MeV–300 MeV respectively. This payload consists of a particle tracker, a trigger system and a calorimeter, which work in time-coincidence to accurately identify particles and measure their energy and trajectory. The tracker is based on monolithic active pixel sensors ALPIDE [4], an innovative platform with superior performances in the field of pixel detectors, developed for the upgrade of the ALICE experiment [5] at the LHC, at CERN. The challenge in the construction of the tracker has been to adapt the ALPIDE technology to the space environment and to the specifications of the space register. Lightness and stiffness, essential features for structures in a tracker module, needed to balance with the need for withstanding structural and vibrational stress in the extended range of temperature occurring in the launch phase. Proper material choice with high thermal conductivity for the heat dissipation, innovative design of thermal paths and structural test results guided the project of mechanics. The modular particle tracker consists of 5 turrets, each one made of 3 stacked staves, with 150 pixel sensors in total. For readout and control purposes, ALPIDE sensors are wire-bonded to flexible printed circuits, which enhances the fragility of the system and makes handling critical. Sensor supports in carbon fiber reinforced plastic and an external aluminum frame preserve the mechanical integrity and provide the essential thermal bridges for heat dissipation. We provide results from the intense campaign of structural, thermal and vibrational qualification tests that have been performed in compliance with the procedures required by the space register. It regards structure, module and turret elements. The envisaged solution is a novelty in the field of space applications and paves the way for important developments for particle and astroparticle physics experiments.
Application of force-compensating spring modules on mechanical frame of undulators
Authors: Chuang Ping-Shun , Chiang Hsiao-Wei , Huang Jui-Che , Kitamura Hideo , Wang Pei-Jen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A small RMS phase error and long-term stability of the
gap-drive system are important criteria for realizing high
performance undulators. The use of force compensating spring modules
of self-contained type move toward the goals. Since magnetic forces
from girders are vanished entirely at the spring module, so not only
the small systematic phase error derived from deformation of the
girders but also the small dynamic loadings on the mechanical frame
and gap-drive system. Moreover, spring modules provide a
supplemental mechanism to correct magnetic field errors at varied
gaps. Such mechanism is particular benefit for the cryogenic
permanent magnet undulators because the field errors of undulator
shall correct in both cryogenic mode and room temperature mode.
In vitro application of drug-loaded hydrogel combined with 3D-printed porous scaffolds
Authors: Huang Haokun , Wu Zhenhuan , Yang Zhuofan , Fan Xiaoxi , Bai Siqi , Luo Junsi , Chen Minmin , Xie Xiaoli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Titanium mesh and three-dimensional titanium alloy scaffolds play a key role in addressing oral and maxillofacial bone defects, which can provide a specific environment and structure for bone growth and development. The two main causes of implant surgery failure are aseptic loosening and bacterial-induced implant-associated infections. To make bone defect implants effective for a long time, the ideal scaffold should take into account the two functions of osseointegration and anti-infection. Therefore, on the basis of the low-elastic-modulus Ti-10Ta-2Nb-2Zr (TTNZ) alloys developed by the research group in the early stage, this study intends to combine the vancomycin-loaded hydrogel with the 3D-printed through-hole porous titanium alloy scaffold to endow 3D-printed TTNZ scaffolds with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of the complex were investigated by the zone of inhibition test and the adhesion/free antibacterial test. The effects of the composite system on osseointegration were investigated from the aspects of cell adhesion, cell proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expression. The results showed that loading 2.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% vancomycin did not affect the structure of chitosan–hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The properties of the hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, degradation experiment in vitro and vancomycin release experiment in vitro. When combined with porous scaffolds, the drug-loaded hydrogels exhibited slower drug release rates and longer release times. In addition, in vitro studies found that the TTNZ scaffolds loaded with 5 wt.% vancomycin had a certain effect on the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in cells, but the antibacterial effect was the best. The porous scaffolds loaded with 2.5 wt.% vancomycin hydrogel TTNZ scaffolds did not inhibit cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenesis-related gene ex-pression, but the antibacterial effect on free bacteria was not as good as that of TTNZ scaffolds loaded with 5 wt.% vancomycin. This study, complementing the advantages of the two and controlling the local release rate of vancomycin, provides a new idea for future 3D printing of titanium alloy stents for anti-infection.
Hydrogen justice
Authors: Müller Franziska , Tunn Johanna , Kalt Tobias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For a rapid energy transition to renewable energy, green hydrogen is increasingly considered a solution to a myriad of challenges: climate neutrality, clean energy supply, and decoupling of growth and carbon emissions. However, whether the global hydrogen transition will indeed be a just transition is far from certain. This paper introduces the concept of hydrogen justice as an analytical toolkit to help examining justice challenges of the global hydrogen transition. Placing hydrogen justice at the nexus of energy, water and climate justice, and incorporating crucial insights from political ecology and decolonial studies we highlight potential hydrogen injustices and suggest a six-dimensional concept of hydrogen justice: procedural, distributive, restorative, relational, recognitional and epistemological justice. Our research explores socio-ecological, political and economic conditions in hydrogen target countries and examines emerging hydrogen projects and partnerships. Hydrogen injustices may manifest around issues of energy access in countries with high rates of energy poverty, water access in arid regions, as well as forced displacements, impairments of Indigenous livelihoods and the strengthening of authoritarian rule. We conclude that hydrogen injustices result from the interplay of global hydrogen governance and local conditions in producing countries. We illustrate this with examples from transnational hydrogen projects situated in Morocco and Namibia. Finally, we suggest strategies for redressing hydrogen injustices by integrating justice principles at all scales of hydrogen governance.
Mapping urban–rural differences in the worldwide achievement of sustainable development goals: land-energy-air nexus
Authors: Tian Yunyu , Tsendbazar Nandin-Erdene , van Leeuwen Eveline , Herold Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Land use efficiency (LUE), energy efficiency (EE), and air quality are key indicators when assessing urban-related Sustainable Development Goals, yet recent trends and trade-offs in and around urban areas worldwide remain largely unknown. We use an Earth Observation approach to map the land-energy-air sustainability nexus and highlight distinct urban–rural gradients worldwide (2000–2015). In the Global South, urban areas perform relatively better in land-energy-air sustainability trends than rural areas, which are the least sustainable in our global comparative analysis. Comparatively, urban areas in the Global North tend to be less sustainable than surrounding rural regions. Trade-offs among land-energy-air change directions are mostly related to EE versus air quality in urban areas, while spatial and temporal trade-offs between LUE and EE are more pronounced in suburban and rural areas. Integrating satellite data is crucial for tracking the progress of the land-energy-air nexus and can guide context-specific strategies to account for urban–rural differences in achieving sustainability and creating more livable environments.
How robust are modern graph neural network potentials in long and hot molecular dynamics simulations?
Authors: Stocker Sina , Gasteiger Johannes , Becker Florian , Günnemann Stephan , Margraf Johannes T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful machine learning approach for the prediction of molecular properties. In particular, recently proposed advanced GNN models promise quantum chemical accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost. While the capabilities of such advanced GNNs have been extensively demonstrated on benchmark datasets, there have been few applications in real atomistic simulations. Here, we therefore put the robustness of GNN interatomic potentials to the test, using the recently proposed GemNet architecture as a testbed. Models are trained on the QM7-x database of organic molecules and used to perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations. We find that low test set errors are not sufficient for obtaining stable dynamics and that severe pathologies sometimes only become apparent after hundreds of ps of dynamics. Nonetheless, highly stable and transferable GemNet potentials can be obtained with sufficiently large training sets.
Optimizing ion implantation to create shallow NV centre ensembles in high-quality CVD diamond
Authors: Ngandeu Ngambou Midrel Wilfried , Perrin Pauline , Balasa Ionut , Brinza Ovidiu , Valentin Audrey , Mille Vianney , Bénédic Fabien , Goldner Philippe , Tallaire Alexandre , Achard Jocelyn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre (so-called NV-centre) in diamond is one of the most promising systems for applications in quantum technologies because of the possibility to optically manipulate and read out the spin state of this defect, even at room temperature. Nevertheless, obtaining high NV densities (>500 ppb) close to the surface (5–20 nm) while maintaining good spin properties remain challenging. In this work we rely on a versatile ion implantation system allowing both implanting nitrogen using N2
+ and creating vacancies with He+ ion bombardment at variable energies and fluence to create shallow NV ensembles. By optimizing the ion irradiation conditions as well as the surface preparation prior to treatment we successfully increase the amount of created colour centres while demonstrating narrow magnetic resonance linewidths.
Autophagy Reduces the Degradation and Promotes Membrane Localization of Occludin to Enhance the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier against Paracellular Macromolecule Flux
Authors: Saha Kushal , Subramenium Ganapathy Ashwinkumar , Wang Alexandra , Michael Morris Nathan , Suchanec Eric , Ding Wei , Yochum Gregory , Koltun Walter , Nighot Meghali , Ma Thomas , Nighot Prashant 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsFunctional loss of the gut epithelium’s paracellular tight junction [TJ] barrier and defective autophagy are factors potentiating inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previously, we showed the role of autophagy in enhancing the intestinal TJ barrier via pore-forming claudin-2 degradation. How autophagy regulates the TJ barrier-forming proteins remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the regulation of occludin, a principal TJ component involved in TJ barrier enhancement.ResultsAutophagy induction using pharmacological activators and nutrient starvation increased total occludin levels in intestinal epithelial cells, mouse colonocytes and human colonoids. Autophagy induction enriched membrane occludin levels and reduced paracellular permeability of macromolecules. Autophagy-mediated TJ barrier enhancement was contingent on the presence of occludin as OCLN−/− nullified its TJ barrier-enhancing effect against macromolecular flux. Autophagy inhibited the constitutive degradation of occludin by preventing its caveolar endocytosis from the membrane and protected against inflammation-induced TJ barrier loss. Autophagy enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and inhibition of these kinases in Caco-2 cells and human colonic mucosa prevented the macromolecular barrier-enhancing effects of autophagy. In vivo, autophagy induction by rapamycin enhanced occludin levels in wild-type mouse intestines and protected against lipopolysaccharide- and tumour necrosis factor-α-induced TJ barrier loss. Disruption of autophagy with acute Atg7 knockout in adult mice decreased intestinal occludin levels, increasing baseline colonic TJ permeability and exacerbating the effect of experimental colitis.ConclusionOur data suggest a novel role of autophagy in promoting the intestinal TJ barrier by increasing occludin levels in an ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism.