bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Techniques in Comparator Designs
Authors: Chen Yiming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents four innovative designs of comparators proposed these years. A latch-type dynamic bias adds a tail capacitor to prevent fully discharging at the pre-amplifier output nodes to reduce energy consumption. The comparator is analysed and then compared with floating inverter amplifier (FIA) type. The pre-amplifier of the FIA type adopts an inverter-based input pair by a floating reservoir capacitor, greatly boosting gm/Id and improving the energy efficiency. The edge-pursuit comparator (EPC) provides a new perspective when designing comparators. According to the input difference, it will automatically adjust the comparison energy, avoiding wasting unnecessary energy spent on coarse comparison. Finally, for the edge-race comparator (ERC), it further improves the performance of saving energy and addressing the relatively long comparison time in the EPC.
A Study on Design and Optimization methods in Latch Type Comparator
Authors: Chen Ziyan , Yang Zun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current state-of-the-art communication systems require analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to sample the analog signals in digital representation at high speed and low power consumption with very high accuracy. Performance demand for ADCs directly promote the advancement of their basic component - the comparator. The traditional Strong-Arm dynamic comparator has been widely accepted for its fast decision, but it is limited by its significant voltage headroom and kickback noise. The double-tail latched dynamic comparator mitigates the aforementioned problems by allowing separate stages for the pre-amplifier and the latch so that it can have near- operation. However, energy consumption and propagation delay are still problems to be solved. In this article, we present a review of the recent improvements for the dynamic comparator architecture. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also illustrated with simulation and measurement results.
Theoretical study of the discharge decomposition mechanism of environment-friendly insulation gas HFO-1234ze(E) in the presence of trace water
Authors: Gan Hui , Wang Feng , Zhong Lipeng , Liu Jie , Hai Bin , Tang Nian , Li Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
HFO-1234ze(E) has excellent insulating and environmental properties, but its discharge decomposition mechanism in the presence of trace water is still unclear. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the discharge decomposition characteristics of HFO-1234ze(E) in the presence of trace water were analyzed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. The results show that in the presence of trace water, HFO-1234ze(E) will decompose and generate H2, HF, CH≡CF, CH≡CH, CF3OH, CF3H, CF4, C2F6, CF2O, CH2=CHF and CHF2CH3. By analyzing the ionization parameters of the main decomposition products, it can be found that the dielectric strengths of most of the products were lower than that of HFO-1234ze(E). Among the products, CF3H, CF4 and C2F6 are hazardous to the environment, while CH2=CHF, CHF2CH3 and CF2O are flammable or toxic, which may endanger the safety of staff. Therefore, water should be avoided when HFO-1234ze(E) is used as the insulating medium.
The Influence of Novel Power System Characteristics on 330kV Power Grid Short-circuit Current
Authors: Yuan Xingzhong , Wang Zhe , Yan Huan , Yan Na , Sun Yi , Xu Yiqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under the development goal of “Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutralization”, the concept of novel power system is proposed. Its representative features include AC/DC interconnection of power grid and large-scale access of new energy power stations. Under these characteristics, higher requirements are put forward for the short-circuit current breaking capacity of the circuit breaker. The DC component of short-circuit current and the injection of new energy into the system short-circuit current cannot be ignored. Based on the 330kV local power grid in Northwest China, this paper studies the power grid operation mode, DC component of short-circuit current and the influence of photovoltaic power station on short-circuit current. The influence law of DC component of short-circuit current on the actual breaking capacity of circuit breaker and access of photovoltaic power station on the short-circuit current are summarized. It can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of circuit breaker in novel power system.
Analysis of power quality problems in DC distribution network
Authors: Guan Shangshu , Song Yidan , Tao Shun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the application and popularization of distributed power supply and power electronic equipment in power grid, AC distribution is faced with problems such as low efficiency and low power quality. At the same time, due to the advantages of large power supply capacity, long power supply radius, high efficiency, good controllability and adaptability to renewable energy access, DC power distribution has become a crucial development direction of the future distribution system. Reasonable and systematic analysis of power quality problems of DC distribution network plays an important role in its construction and application. Firstly, this paper introduces the background, significance and status of the research on DC distribution network and its power quality. Then introduces the three main topology of DC distribution network structure and connection mode. After selecting pseudo bipolar structure to build the simulation circuit, the power quality phenomena such as voltage sag are simulated and analyzed by PSCAD. The results obtained are consistent with theoretical analysis.
Resolution technology of lithography machine
Authors: Fang Yuanxuan , He Yunfei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Photolithography is one of the core methods in the semiconductor industry for the mass production of integrated circuits (IC). It is also the driving force behind Moore’s Law, which predicts the number of transistors in an integrated circuit to double every two years. This paper aims to overview the photolithography process and its current situations, starting with the rationale behind it and its advantages. We review the photolithography process in individual steps and gave typical process parameters when applicable. Then we introduce the major photolithography system manufacturers of interest, followed by an overview of techniques used to improve the resolution of photolithographic systems, namely immersion lithography, Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, and Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RETs). Finally we discuss the challenges encountered in lithography technology.
Authenticated encryption chip implementation against side-channel attack
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Fan , Han Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An authenticated encryption chip with novel nonce generation circuit was developed. This circuit associates the nonce generation with the contents and receiving time of plaintext. It will also generate overlapping power compensation for the whole chip. The integrated chip was fabricated under SMIC 180nm technology. Under 1.8V VDD, 100MHz global clock, the power consumption is about 14mW within 50k gates. The test result exhibits more than 10 times the strength in resistance to side-channel attack than the unprotected version without increasing hardware cost.
Research on intrusion detection method based on feature selection and integrated learning
Authors: Liu Qun , Tong Zhiyong , Wang Shuiqing , Yang Ziheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the introduction of computer technology, network attacks have become more frequent. Some illegal elements may intrude into computers through network attacks to tamper with messages, spread viruses and other destructive behaviors, causing great damage to personal sensitive information, industrial control networks, transaction systems, etc. . For this, this design proposes an improved intrusion detection method based on feature selection and integrated model. The NSL-KDD training data set is used to evaluate the proposed model. First, balance the data categories through the SMOTE-ENN method, and then use feature selection technology and PCA feature extraction technology to reduce the number of irrelevant features and improve the classification accuracy. Finally, using CART as the base classifier, Bagging technology is used to establish an integrated model and an intrusion detection system. Experimental results show that the CART-based Bagging method provides better accuracy, lower false alarm rate and faster model training speed, and the system can detect intrusion attacks with similar attributes and has a certain degree of adaptability.
SAR image simulation of sea surface targets
Authors: Cheng Xianping , Xia Weijie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of sea targets are of great significance to the military. In view of the high cost of obtaining the measured data of sea targets SAR images, this paper implements a sea target SAR image simulation method based on electromagnetic scattering calculations. This method uses the Phillips spectrum to generate the sea surface geometric model, and combines the target model and the sea surface model; then uses the SBR(Shooting and Bouncing Rays) to calculate the electromagnetic scattering of the sea surface target; finally, the SAR image of the sea surface target is simulated by the RCS(Radar Cross Section) obtained by the calculation. Through the analysis of the results of different sea states and different incident angles, it is shown that this method can complete the SAR image simulation of sea surface targets at different sea states and different angles, and the simulation effect is relatively realistic.
Research on Mine OFDM Intelligent Receiver Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Xuhong , Pan Yong , Wang Anyi , Feng Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
coal is an important energy. Coal mining needs a series of equipment, among which communication equipment can ensure the safety of underground workers in the mining process and improve production efficiency. Aiming at the problems of multipath fading and anti-interference of signal transmission in coal mine, researchers propose to optimize the quality of signal transmission in coal mine with OFDM technology. Compared with traditional OFDM technology, this paper proposes a method of mine OFDM intelligent receiver based on deep learning, which aims to use deep learning technology to replace the signal recovery process of the receiver of traditional OFDM technology. The simulation results show that in terms of bit error rate, the signal recovery of the receiver based on deep learning technology is obviously better than that of the traditional OFDM receiver. This will improve the economic benefits of coal mining in the future.
Research on Influence of Milling Process Parameters on Residual Stress of 7055 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Li Mingyang , Wang Jianwei , Yang Hui , Shi Jingmin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The residual stress induced by the process of high-speed milling is an essential factor affecting the machining deformation of structural materials. The two-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation of high-speed milling of 7055 aluminum alloy were carried out to investigate the influence of key milling process parameters on the surface residual stress of aluminum alloy, using finite element approach. Through single factor simulation experiment and multi-factor orthogonal simulation experiment, the effects of milling speed, feed rate, milling depth, milling width, rake angle and relief angle on the surface residual stress of aluminum alloy were discussed. The optimized parameter scheme was obtained by range analysis method. The results demonstrate that the surface residual stress of 7055 aluminum alloy increases with the increase of milling speed, feed per tooth and milling depth, and decreases with the increase of milling width; Using the optimized milling scheme (milling speed 2000 m / min, feed per tooth 0.1 mm / z, tool relief angle 4 °, tool rake angle 16 °, milling depth 10 mm, milling width 10 mm) could reduce the surface tensile residual stress; while using the optimized scheme (milling depth 10 mm, tool rake angle 16 °, milling width 4 mm, feed per tooth 0.5 mm / z, milling speed 4000 m / min) could reduce the surface compressive residual stress.
Primary precipitates with four-layer structure in Mg-Ca treating gear steel
Authors: Xie You , Meng Xiaoling , Deng Xiangyang , Li Shichao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The behavior of primary phases precipitating during solidification in Ti-S containing gear steel was studied, when Mg-Ca treatment was applied to control the sulfide shape. Primary phases with four-layer structure were found in billet, and the characteristics and generating mechanism were studied by calculation of software FactSage and Thermo-Calc. The results showed that the core in the four-layer-structure phase was MgO wrapped by pure CaS both of which were generated in liquid steel before solidification. The outer phase in order was TiN and MnS which precipitated during solidification process succesively. The improvement effect of sulfide by Mg-Ca treatment would be significantly effected by the primary nitride.
Effects of Strain Rate on Shear Bands and Texture Evolution in Grain-oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Gao Chang , Chen Sihao , Zhang Fang , Sha Yuhui , chen Junyan , Zuo Liang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effects of strain rate on shear bands and texture evolution of grain-oriented silicon steel were investigated by adjusting the strain rate of warm rolling. The rolling experiment was carried out at different strain rates of 30s-1, 50s-1 and 70s-1. XRD, EBSD and TEM were used to investigating the effect of the strain rate on the formation of shear bands and texture evolution. The results show that when strain rate increases during warm rolling, the texture strength of {111 }<112> deformation matrix increases at 70% and 85% reduction. The number of Goss shear bands increases, which is beneficial to obtain the ideal recrystallization orientation. With the increase of the reduction (70-85%), the recrystallized Goss texture strength decreases. This phenomenon diminishes with increasing strain rate, because the increase of dislocation density slows down the death process of shear bands.
Research on aerodynamic characteristics and energy consumption of elevator deflectors under different speed conditions
Authors: Chen Xiren , Ye Wenhua , Lu Xuan , Cheng Fangfang , Tang Zhirong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed elevators, it is necessary to design a reasonable deflector for the elevator car. In this paper, five types of typical deflectors are designed, and the elevator system model including the car, the counterweight and the hoistway is established. Using Fluent computational fluid software, the dynamic grid analysis method is used to carry out transient numerical simulation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the elevator. The variation law of performance parameters such as aerodynamic drag, energy consumption. The research shows that the influence of different deflectors on the aerodynamic performance of the elevator varies greatly under different speed conditions, and different types of deflectors have their own optimal applications. The research work provides a useful reference for the design and selection of the elevator deflector.
A Measuring Device for Residual Thickness of Brake Shoe of Railcar Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Huajun , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At present, the residual thickness of brake shoe of metro vehicles is mainly measured manually by naked eyes or simple ruler, which has some problems such as low detection efficiency, large subjective randomness and poor engineering applicability. Therefore, this paper proposes a device for measuring the residual thickness of brake shoes of railcar based on deep learning method. Firstly, a residual thickness measuring device includes parts of image acquisition module, image positioning and segmentation module, and image correction module. Then for each module, the article conducted the related experiments for verifying the accuracy of the system. The results show that the brake shoe residual thickness measurement device proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better robustness than manual detection, and has obvious advantages in detection time consumption.
Radiation measurements and simulations at the PHELIX laser facility, GSI
Authors: Behrens R. , Hufschmidt P. , Roth J. , Akstaller B. , Haag D. , Hupe O. , Schmidt S. , Schreiner S. , Michel T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The absolute spectral electron and photon emission from a
Tungsten target irradiated by the Petawatt High-Energy Laser for
Heavy Ion EXperiments (PHELIX) facility was measured inside the
PHELIX target chamber. For this, a thermo-lumi-nescence detector
(TLD)-based few-channel spectrometer (FCS) was used in combination
with a Bayesian data analysis. The results of the FCS measurement
served as input for a Monte-Carlo particle transport simulation to
determine the spectra and dose out of the PHELIX target chamber. Two
different simulation methods proved to be consistent and, therefore,
reliable. The simulation results were compared to the dose measured
with a dosemeter that consists of three Dosepix detectors in
combination with a neural network analysis. The two dose results
show a satisfactory agreement.
Performance study of a new epoxy resin IR-3 in HTS-based high-field magnet application
Authors: Yao Huanli , Zhang Zhen , Wang Chengtao , Wang Yingzhe , Feng Ze , Shi Jinrui , Zhao Yalin , Zhang Hua , Li Chunyan , Kang Rui , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Huang Rongjin , Xu Qingjin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
REBCO (Rare-earth-based barium copper oxide) conductors are appropriate materials for high-field magnet applications. Vacuum impregnation using epoxy resin is a technique widely used for stable operation of superconducting coils. However, epoxy-impregnated REBCO coils often experience critical current degradation problems. Finding a suitable impregnating material for REBCO coils is important for their application in high-field superconducting magnets. A new toughness epoxy, IR-3, was developed recently. An in-depth understanding of IR-3 on the performance of REBCO coils is critically necessary for its application. Thus, this paper explores the effects of IR-3 impregnation on the performance of REBCO coils at 77 K and 4.2 K. The test results are compared to similar coils impregnated with CTD-101 K and MY750. Meanwhile, the radial stresses at 77 K in self-field and 4.2 K under 10 T were simulated. All epoxy impregnated REBCO coils showed no decay in critical current after thermal cycles at 77 K. When charged at 4.2 K in external fields of 5 T and 10 T, the IR-3 impregnated REBCO coils avoided performance degradation problems and had superior electrical stabilities. Combing the excellent performance at low temperatures, IR-3 is a promising candidate material for impregnating high-field REBCO coils.
Influence mechanism of growth temperature and pressure on surface morphology and defects of InGaN materials
Authors: Li Guanghui , Wang Pengbo , He Xinran , Meng Yulong , Liang Feng , Zhou Mei , Zhao Degang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We studied the influence of temperature and pressure on the surface morphology and V-defects of the InGaN films. It was found that an appropriate increase in the growth temperature enhanced the mobility of Ga and In atoms, smoothened the surface of the InGaN thin film samples, and improved the growth quality. Simultaneously, increasing the temperature appropriately reduced the surface roughness of the sample and the defect density of the V-defects. It is also found that under the same temperature conditions, a lower pressure weakens the incorporation barrier of atoms, enhances the incorporation efficiency of In atoms, and improves the growth quality of InGaN.
Soliton self-compression and resonant dispersive wave emission in higher-order modes of a hollow capillary fibre
Authors: Brahms Christian , Travers John C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate soliton self-compression and ultraviolet resonant dispersive wave emission in the higher-order modes of a gas-filled hollow capillary fibre (HCF). Our simple analytical scaling rules predict shorter required waveguides and different energy scales when moving from the fundamental to higher-order modes. Experimentally, we demonstrate soliton self-compression and ultraviolet dispersive wave emission in the double-lobe LP11 mode of an argon-filled HCF, which we excite by coupling into the fibre at oblique incidence. We observe the generation of ultraviolet dispersive waves which are frequency-shifted and more narrowband as compared to fundamental-mode generation due to the stronger modal dispersion, and a suppression of the supercontinuum between the dispersive wave and the pump pulse. With numerical simulations, we confirm the predictions of our scaling rules and find that the use of higher-order modes can suppress photoionisation and plasma effects even while allowing for much higher pulse energy to be used in the self-compression process. Our results add another degree of freedom for the design of hollow-waveguide systems to generate sub-cycle field transients and tuneable ultrashort laser pulses.
Evolutionary behaviour of ‘inflating’ random real matrices for economy or biology: stasis statistics of vector iterations upon growth
Authors: Benisty Henri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A scheme is proposed for describing stasis and transitions in evolutionary contexts defined by a growing number of interrelated items. These items could be genes/species in biology, or tools/products in economy. The target is a frame to describe the advent of stasis marked by dominant species or dominant objects (car, smartphone) between sharp transitions (quakes). The tool of random matrices is adapted to add an explicit varietal growth, through an ‘inflation’ of a real random matrix (Ginibre set), by regularly adding a line and a column, such a matrix operating at each unit time step on the evolving vector, U(t + 1) = M(t)U(t). In this view, U(t) ∝ log(C(t)) with C(t) the vector of abundances of genes in a gene pool, or of abundance of tools in a multi-sector production economy (as in Leontieff matrices of sector-wise productions). U(t) is trending toward the eigenvector with the largest-modulus eigenvalue (ev) U
(N) for the current N(t). Most times, the next such eigenvector U
(N+1) of the inflated matrix is close and mostly colinear to U
(N). But, as time goes and N also grows, a wholly unrelated eigenvector may acquire a larger modulus ev and become the new attractor. Thus, there are slowly-moving stases punctuated by quakes. The leading-ev-modulus competition is elucidated, as well as the main features of the stasis duration distribution it entails, akin to a q-exponential law. This is done by means of a two-particles model of Brownian motion taking place with an N-dependent drift and diffusion. To minimally flesh the issue, a set of bibliographic data (yearly number of papers among all journals of a domain) is used, lending support to the vector-colinearity-based methods used for the detection of stases vs quakes. Hints are given for various developments tackling the appropriateness of the model to various growth contexts, e.g. with sparse network or with death and not only novelty/birth.