bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct to Angio‐Suite Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Transfers Achieve Faster Arrival‐to‐Puncture Times and Improved Outcomes
Authors: Regenhardt Robert W. , Rosenthal Joseph A. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Vranic Justin E. , Bonkhoff Anna K. , Bretzner Martin , Hirsch Joshua A. , Rabinov James D. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Patel Aman B. , Singhal Aneesh B. , Rost Natalia S. , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M. , Etherton Mark R. 
Published: July 2022

Background
For patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy is crucial to prevent infarction and improve outcomes. We sought to evaluate the hub arrival‐to‐puncture times and outcomes for transferred patients accepted directly to the angio‐suite (LVO to operating room, LVO2OR) versus those accepted through the emergency department in a hub‐and‐spoke telestroke network.

Methods
Consecutive patients transferred for endovascular thrombectomy with spoke computed tomography angiography–confirmed LVO, spoke Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score >6, and last known well–to–hub arrival <6 hours were identified. Our LVO2OR protocol began implementation in January 2017. The LVO2OR cohort includes patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy from July 2017 to October 2020; the emergency department cohort includes those from January 2011 to December 2016. Hub arrival‐to‐puncture time and 90‐day modified Rankin scale score were prospectively recorded.

Results

The LVO2OR cohort was composed of 91 patients, and the emergency department cohort was composed of 90 patients. LVO2OR patients had more atrial fibrillation (51% versus 32%;
P
=0.02) and more M2 occlusions (27% versus 10%;
P
=0.01). LVO2OR patients had faster median hub arrival‐to‐puncture time (11 versus 92 minutes;
P
<0.001), faster median telestroke consult‐to‐puncture time (2.4 versus 3.6 hours;
P
<0.001), greater Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b to 3 reperfusion (92% versus 69%;
P
<0.001), and greater 90‐day modified Rankin scale score <2 (35% versus 21%;
P
=0.04). In a multivariable model, LVO2OR significantly increased the odds of 90‐day modified Rankin scale score <2 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.77 [95% CI, 1.07–7.20];
P
=0.04) even when controlling for age, baseline modified Rankin scale score, atrial fibrillation, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, M2 occlusion location, and Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b to 3.

Conclusions
In a hub‐and‐spoke telestroke network, accepting transferred patients directly to the angio‐suite was associated with dramatically reduced hub arrival‐to‐puncture time and may lead to improved 90‐day outcomes. Direct–to–angio‐suite protocols should continue to be evaluated in other geographic regions and telestroke network models.
Delirium Leads to Poor In‐Hospital and 90‐Day Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With and Without Intravenous Thrombolysis or Intraarterial Therapy
Authors: Pan Alan P. , Agarwal Kathryn , Taffet George E. , Jones Stephen L. , Potter Thomas , Bako Abdulaziz , Tannous Jonika , McCane Charles D. , Ahmed Wamda O. , Garg Tanu , Gadhia Rajan , Misra Vivek , Volpi John , Chiu David , Vahidy Farhaan S. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Delirium experienced poststroke is known to be associated with poor prognosis; however, the outcomes and functional consequences among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator) or intraarterial therapy are not well characterized.

Methods
Using data from 7 stroke centers with standardized delirium screening protocols, delirium was determined by a positive modified “Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental‐Test, Acute Change Test” or Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit screen including diagnosis codes. Multivariable models were fit to estimate likelihoods of in‐hospital mortality, unfavorable discharge disposition, and longer length of stay among delirious patients with AIS, reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs), adjusted incident rate ratios, and 95% CIs. A subset of patients with AIS with 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) including those receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or intraarterial therapy were analyzed for shifts in mRS scores associated with delirium, via ordinal logistic regression models.

Results
Between May 2016 and June 2021, AIS was the primary diagnosis in 12 409 hospitalization encounters representing 10 874 unique patients. Delirium was documented in 41.6% of AIS encounters, compared with 26.5% of age and mild cognitive impairment– or dementia‐matched non‐AIS encounters. Delirious (versus nondelirious) patients with AIS were older (median: 75 years versus 65 years), more frequently women (53.3% versus 48.7%), with a higher comorbidity burden (median Charlson Comorbidity Index: 7 versus 5). Delirious patients with AIS had higher odds of in‐hospital mortality (aOR, 2.66; [95% CI, 1.62–4.49]), unfavorable discharge disposition (aOR, 3.68; [95% CI, 3.15–4.30]), and longer length of stay (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.67; CI, 1.61–1.73). In the cohort of 2784 patients with treated and untreated AIS with 90‐day mRS, adjusted models indicated lower mRS (aOR, 0.54; CI, 0.46–0.63) associated with treatment, and higher mRS for delirious patients with AIS (aOR, 3.09; CI, 2.58–3.71). Among the subcohort of 948 patients with treated AIS, delirium remained significantly associated with higher mRS (aOR, 2.82; CI, 2.08–3.83).

Conclusion
Delirium is common among patients with AIS including those receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or undergoing intraarterial therapy and prognosticates poor in‐hospital and 90‐day outcomes. Active screening and management of delirium may lead to improved stroke outcomes.
The Role of the Eagala Model in Promoting Psychological Wellbeing in Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Coetzee Nicoleen , Boyce Sharon , Masenge Andries 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine if the Eagala model, an equine-assisted intervention, would enhance the psychological wellbeing of adolescents living in a township in South Africa. An embedded mixed-methods research design with convenience sampling was used. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in the Eagala intervention. The Ryff Scale of Psychological Wellbeing (RSPWB) was used to collect quantitative data while letters to the horses were used as qualitative data. Independent t-tests indicated significant differences between the two groups on the overall score of the RSPWB and five of its dimensions. Using thematic analysis, qualitative themes that enhanced understanding of the quantitative findings were identified. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the Eagala intervention. A Kruskal-Wallis test, however, indicated that between four to eight sessions need to be attended in order for the intervention to be effective.
Expanding the Bounds of Christianity and Feminism
Authors: Hughes Rebecca C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As headmistress of the London Missionary Society’s Girls’ Boarding School from 1915–1940 in Mbereshi, Zambia, Mabel Shaw (1889–1973) created an innovative educational programme that embraced local culture and empowered women. Shaw drew from theological, anthropological, and feminist perspectives to guide her understanding of Bemba culture. Shaw built upon fulfilment theology with its premise that all religions had an element of God’s truth in them. In doing so, Shaw differentiated Western culture from Christian culture, creating space to accommodate practices such as ancestor veneration and polygamy. While scholars have been reluctant to label Shaw as a feminist, this author argues she must be recognized as one. Shaw actively collaborated with Bemba women and raised them as Christian saints. Moreover, Shaw was unique in that she urged her British audiences to listen to African voices and to consider the value of adopting aspects of African worship.
Precolonial Beliefs in God, Nzambi, and Chthonic Beings: Evidence from Kongo Texts
Authors: MacGaffey Wyatt 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Manuscripts in their own language by indigenous ethnographers at the beginning of the colonial period, not hitherto examined in detail, give unique insight into precolonial beliefs in the Kikongo-speaking region of what was then Belgian Congo, and the transition to Christianity. That transition depended in large part on translation, giving new meanings to old words. The texts suggest that Nzambi, now the Kongo name for the Christian God, was originally a personification of death. The power of life, on the other hand, was credited to bisimbi, chthonic forces that are simultaneously both material and immaterial. Although scholars have generally overlooked this issue, belief in these forces is foundational to what has usually been called traditional religion and its rituals, most of them now extinct. This Kongo configuration exemplifies, on a small scale, one that is found generally in West and Central Africa.
A Sammelband of Incunabula of British Provenance Held at the Diocesan Library of Córdoba Containing the Only Known Copy of Elegantiae terminorum ex Laurentio Valla et aliis collectae, Antwerp: Gerard Leeu, 7.XI.1487 (GW M35200)
Authors: Solana Pujalte Julián 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, we analyse a sammelband of incunabula held at the Diocesan Library of Córdoba, which we believe belonged to William Hewster († 1492), a clergyman and professor at Oxford. It contains six incunabula from Antwerp, Leuven, Paris and Oxford, printed in the workshops of Gerard Leeu (3), John of Westphalia, Antoine Caillaut, and Theodoric Rood & Thomas Hunte. Among the works is the only known copy of Elegantiae terminorum ex Laurentio Valla et aliis collectae, Antwerp: Gerard Leeu, 7.XI.1487 (GW M35200) and the only complete copy of Ars memorativa by Jacobus Publicius [Paris: Antoine Caillaut, 1483–90] (GW M36439).
The Urgent Demands of the Present: Missiological Discernment in a Wounded World
Authors: Kollman Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article considers implications of the IAMS 15th Assembly theme “Powers, Inequalities, and Vulnerabilities: Mission in a Wounded World.” After describing the theme’s origins and reflecting on wounds and woundedness in Christian mission, it develops a framework to consider missiology shaped by the theme, that is, when prioritizing mission as constituted by its setting in a wounded world shaped by powers, inequalities, and vulnerabilities. After presenting that framework, which features the medical terms triage, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis, it offers brief and tentative missiological discernment of the present moment, highlighting, besides climate change, 1) rampant religious disaffiliation among onetime Christians and 2) intra-Christian polarization and divisions as particularly urgent priorities for missional engagement and contemporary mission studies.
The ECOWAS Court and Civil Society Activists in Nigeria: An Anatomy and Analysis of a Robust Symbiosis
Authors: Okafor Obiora Chinedu , Owie Udoka Ndidiamaka , Effoduh Okechukwu , Zarma Rahina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on, and attempts to explain, two key aspects of the relationship between the Community Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States or ECOWAS Court and Nigerian civil society activists or CSA s. It analyses the available evidence on the ways in which these CSA s have contributed – to the generation of this regional court’s impact on the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government in Nigeria as well as analyses the available evidence regarding the impact that the court – through a combination of its design, orientation and decisions – has in turn had on the conception and dramatisation of civil society activism in Nigeria. The article develops an analytical explanation for the emergence and sustenance of the robust symbiosis that is thus revealed between the Court and this specific but important national community of civil society activists.
Is the True Self God at Alcibiades 133c?
Authors: Sheffler Daniel T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Throughout the Platonic tradition, one encounters the idea that the true self of each person is, at bottom, numerically identical to a singular reality and hence that the distinction between one person’s true self and another’s is either illusory or derivative in some way. I label this idea the Strong Identity Thesis. While several passages might be cited to locate this thesis in the Platonic dialogues themselves, the striking culmination of the First Alcibiades is especially suggestive. In this paper, however, I argue that this passage does not in fact support the attribution of the Strong Identity Thesis to Plato. Instead, I will argue for the Weak Identity Thesis: namely that there is merely an analogical or qualitative link between the true self and some ultimate reality.
The Role of διάνοια in Plotinus’ Philosophy
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I explore the centrality of διάνοια in Plotinus’ philosophy. Plotinus says that the real “we” is found to be the subject of διάνοια and “upwards.” This fundamental definition elicits several pressing questions. First, how is the subject of discursive reasoning related to the subject of appetitive and affective states? Second, how does the subject of discursive reasoning come to recognize its ultimate destiny as an undescended and disembodied intellect? Finally, why should we think that, as Plotinus says, there is “no falsity” in discursive thinking? The answers to these questions begins with Plotinus’ reflections on Plato’s Divided Line and the sharp distinction between διάνοια and δόξα. I argue that διάνοια is the embodied expression of disembodied νοῦς. It is the focus of our ambiguous and conflicted personal identity.
R2P at the UN: The Problem of Selective History and Incomplete Narratives
Authors: Smith Karen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current discussion on R2P at the UN is largely ahistorical or at most informed by selective historical references, which exclude earlier forms of intervention aimed at atrocity prevention, particularly by states in the global South. This contribution argues that the result is a skewed understanding of the practice of intervention that serves to deny agency to actors outside of the West and undermines the framing of atrocity prevention and R2P as an issue of global concern.
Les classes nominales en tuwari (Nouvelle-Guinée)
Authors: Loiseau Sylvain 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article describes noun classes in Tuwari, a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The exponents of gender are clitics, realized once per clause-level phrase, and always at their right periphery. In noun phrases, the exponent is a gender-agreeing article, while on verb phrases it is a subject index. This agreement system is uncanonical since it brings into play a set of complex syntactic rules. As in other Papuan languages, such gender markers used at the periphery of the noun phrase share formal and semantic properties with markers of subordination.
The Role of Technology Commercialisation in the Operationalisation of Innovation and Industrial Policies in South Africa
Authors: Marule Nontombi Pearl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Innovation has been and continues to be recognised as central to promoting and supporting sustainable economic development; as such, South Africa has set the goal of becoming a knowledge economy. This is an economy that succeeds in producing knowledge and transforming itself into a technology-based from a resource-based economy that will stimulate growth and development of the country, while creating sustainable employment opportunities. The two key policies designed to drive strategic economic development in South Africa are the Innovation Policy and the Industrial Policy. This article considers the role of technology commercialisation strategy and how it can be utilised as a model for cooperation and collaboration to ensure achievement of the objectives of the innovation and industrial policies and present a homogeneous approach to policy implementation. The data was collected through a field survey of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME s) which are technological oriented. Additional information was gathered through an in-depth, semi-structured interviews with selected stakeholders within the innovation landscape. The research findings confirm that commercialisation is the most significant and critical step of the innovation value chain, supported by collaboration and linkages of the innovation system players and it requires effective co-operation from both public and private entities. Successful technology commercialisation justifies efforts, funds and time committed to research and development and it propels enterprise development, spurs industrialisation, enhances enterprise technological capability, efficiency and competitiveness, create investment opportunities, and make research more demand driven.
Genetic diversity of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) cultivars using physico-chemical characteristics
Authors: Das Utpal , Hugar Ahok , Das Shantanu , Das Soumitra Sankar , Kurubar A.R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to estimate the physico-chemical diversity of twelve Indian jujube cultivars. A sum of fifteen quantitative characters were explored and subjected to multivariate analyses. Significant variability was observed across the ber cultivars under study. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified days to first flower initiation, a higher number of flowers per cluster and a higher number of retained fruits per cluster which could be used as the basis of selection for identification of high yielding ber cultivars. The principal component analysis (PCA) estimates 60.2% of the total variability in ber cultivars is contributed by PC1 and PC2. The scatter plot of the first two components highlights the number of retained fruits per cluster, yield per tree, pulp weight, fruit width, stone weight and number of flowers per cluster as principal characters that played a significant role in the total variability. Further, PCA also helped to identify Mehrun, Manuki and Chhuhara as superior ber cultivars which performed well with respect to the PC1 and PC2. The Mahalanobis D2 statistics grouped all the twelve ber cultivars into five clusters indicating the existence of ample genetic diversity among the cultivars. Considering the inter-cluster distance along with cluster mean it could be concluded that the cultivars of cluster II and Cluster III may be utilized to estimate the combining ability for effective exploitation of heterosis or to isolate desirable transgressive segregants.
Prospects for Regional Soft Law to Protect the South China Sea Marine Environment
Authors: Liu Yulu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
International marine environmental law has found its primary sources in international legal principles and conventions. At the regional level, some organisations prefer soft laws as their main instruments for regional marine environmental protection. This article proposes that coastal states could use soft law instruments in the South China Sea (scs) region to protect the marine environment through robust institutional processes, addressing environmental degradation concerns against a tense geopolitical backdrop. Based on discussions of regional practices, this article proposes that scs coastal states could strengthen their regional cooperation efforts using the existing soft-law structures by strengthening implementation cooperation through specific and targeted measures.
China’s Public Interest Environmental Litigation and the U.S. Citizen Suit Model
Authors: Wang Huishihan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
China’s economy has boomed as various industries have continued to develop, but this activity has been at the expense of environmental quality and public health that have resulted in severe problems for several decades. In addition to the establishment and adoption of mainstream environmental governance tools, Chinese attorneys and environmental NGO s (ENGO s) have consciously conducted Chinese-style citizen suit experiments since 2010 based on the fruitful private enforcement experience of ENGO s in the United States. These initiatives are known as the environmental public interest litigation (EPIL) mechanism in China. The ENGO EPIL mechanism was officially established in 2015 as a significant legal breakthrough that authorises ENGO s to file lawsuits to complement and improve environmental law enforcement. However, this article argues that the Chinese EPIL provisions include some unnecessarily stringent procedural requirements and lack some of the essential procedures compared with the United States archetype. Chinese ENGO s have not been authorised to take action to ensure that oversight by government agencies in their administrative actions is adequately undertaken. China’s forward-looking ENGO s have struggled to survive and have recently slowed down in their activities. Public participation and private enforcement have also become effectively powerless. Overall, it is argued that the Chinese ENGO EPIL system has created more problems than it has solved. After comparing the theoretical and procedural distinctions between China’s ENGO EPIL and the United States citizen suits in detail, the article presents some recommendations for specific legislation and implementation for the Chinese legislature. These include a comprehensive Environmental Public Interest Relief Law that integrates and compiles various applicable regulatory instruments. The recommendations are intended to assist in systematically realizing and regulating ENGO EPIL actions while at the same time promoting the primary role of the government in environmental administrative enforcement.
Collaborative Partnerships in Education: Social Innovation and the Co-Creation of Public Knowledge Goods
Authors: Peters Michael A , Besley Tina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article reviews collaborative partnerships in the field of education investigating four different models of partnership: (1) The School-Community Partnership Model; (2.) The Public-Private Partnership Model (ppp); (3) Transnational Strategic Collaborative Partnerships; and, (4) The Model of Partnership as Collaboration and Social Innovation in the new digital economy.