bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Discipline and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Habaswein Sub-county Wajir County
Authors: Gedi Aden Abdi , Warfa Ahmed Osman , Mumo Rosalia 
Published: July 2022

Aim of the Study: This study explored on the relationship between student discipline and academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein Sub-County. The research design adopted in this study was a survey research design. The target population was 1251 teacher and students, which comprised of 7 deputy principals, 7 guidance and counseling masters, 70 teachers from each school and 1167 secondary school students in Habaswein sub-county. The study purposively sampled 231 respondents.
Tools: Data for the study was collected using semi structured questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages while qualitative data were categorized according to themes.
Results: It was found that drug abuse is adversely affects academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein Sub-County since it is characterized with absenteeism. The study reveals that students strikes (p<0.01) had a significant relationship with academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein sub-county (r=0 .426), absenteeism (p<0.01) had significant relationship with academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein sub-count (r= 0.444), the relationship between bullying and academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein sub-county (p<0.01) is significant (r =0.422) and drug abuse(p<0.01) had a significant relationship with academic performance of secondary school students (r= 0. 361). The study concludes that; school strikes are detrimental to the academic performance of school in Habaswein sub-county, absenteeism has a very high disastrous effect on academic performance among secondary schools in Habaswein sub-county, drug abuse adversely affects academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein sub-county, and bullying hamper academic performance of secondary school students in Habaswein sub-county.
Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Cotton Crop in India: A State Wise Analysis
Authors: Shwetha M. N. , Devi I. Shakuntala , Lavanya T. , Suhasini K. , Meena A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To analyze the dynamics of area, production, and productivity of the cotton across different states of India to understand the impact of Bt cotton on the same.
Methodology: The present study is based on the secondary data. Time series data were analyzed for two sub period viz., Period Ⅰ (1987-88 to 2001-02) before the introduction of Bt cotton and period Ⅱ (2002-03 to 2019-2020) after the introduction of Bt cotton for India and for major cotton growing states in India. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of area, production and productivity was computed by using semi-log growth model (Log-Lin model).
Result: The result revealed that growth rates of area, production and productivity of cotton crop marked a significant increase after the introduction of Bt cotton across the major cotton growing states.
Conclusion: There is an increased growth rate in area, production and productivity of cotton after the introduction of Bt Cotton. However, the cotton growing farmers still facing constraints related to quality of seeds, pest and disease attack, lack of awareness about new technology etc. The study therefore recommends to strengthen the extension system.
Evaluation of the Intraocular Pressure Measurement in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Using Corvis-ST
Authors: Mabrouk Maha El Sayed , Nasef Mohammed Hosny , Allam Waleed Abd Elhady , Ghoneim Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Background: The Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology device (Corvis ST tonometry: CST) is a novel noncontact tonometer developed to assess intraocular pressure (IOP) while accounting for the cornea's biomechanical qualities. The aim of this work was to assess reliability and accuracy of corvis-ST tonometer in measurement of IOP in cases of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods: This prospective comparative non-interventional study included 70 eyes of patients suffering from bilateral POAG and with clear and virgin corneas. Eyes were divided into two groups: group A (40 eyes of POAG) and group B (30 normal eyes). All patients were subjected to: history taking, examination [visual acuity (VA), slit lamp examination, gonioscopy for angle, posterior segment, optic disc evaluation and IOP measurements] and investigations (Pachymetry and Corvis ST).
Results: There was a significant negative correlation between non-corrected IOP measured by Corvis and corneal biomechanical index in studied glaucoma patients. There is a positive significant correlation between first and second IOP readings by Corvis. This means that the first and second readings of IOP by corvis with interval 30 minutes between the two readings increased together and decreased together (positive relationship).
Conclusions: The IOP measurement in patients with POAG using Corvis-ST has a good reliability.
Role of Family Support, Spirituality and Self-efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Self-care in Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Ampofo Elizabeth Oduraa , Kwakye Isaac Nyarko , Ampofo Eliza Oduraa , Aidoo Ernestina 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family support, spirituality and self-care in Type 2 Diabetes patients in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. It also aimed at determining whether self-efficacy would moderate the relationship between spirituality, family support and self-care.
Study Design: A cross sectional study was adopted and 270 diabetes patients living in Greater Accra region were conveniently sampled. The data was collected using questionnaire such as FACIT-sp, DSMQ, SDS and S4-Mad. The IBM SPSS version 2020 was used in analysing the data. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation test and Hierarchical Multiple Regression were used respectively to test for the correlation between variables and moderation role of self-efficacy.
Results: Spirituality correlated with self-care (r = .151, p < .05). Also, family support correlated with self-care among T2DM patients (r = .237, p < .01). Self-efficacy moderated the relationship between family support and self-care (ΔR2 = .031, β = .254, p < .05). However, self-efficacy did not moderate the relationship between spirituality and self-care (ΔR2 = .002, β = -.358, p > .05).
Conclusion: More spirituality and more social support received by patients are associated with greater self-care. Again, self-efficacy moderates the relationship between family support and self-care but fails to influence the association between spirituality and self-care. Self-efficacy, spirituality and family support are critical in diabetes self-care. It is therefore beneficial that health care providers incorporate psychosocial interventions into health care delivery.
Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative CatalyticCHFunctionalization
Authors: Knight Brian J. , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and CH functionalization methods have long‐established selectivity and reactivity rules. Typically, these transformations afford a single new bond at a precise location on the substrate. Through the advancement of CH functionalization chemistry in the area of cooperative palladium/norbornene catalysis, novel selectivities and reactivities are possible. This cooperativity provides the opportunity to generate new bonds at remote or unreactive positions and afford multisubstituted products from simpler monofunctionalized starting materials. A robust understanding of these mechanistic steps is critical to understanding these reactions and utilizing their potential. Herein, we describe the mechanistic features and transformations of palladium/norbornene cooperative catalytic CH functionalizations.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Desymmetrizations Based on CH Activation Processes
Authors: Vidal Xandro , Font Marc , Gulías Moisés , Mascareñas José L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The relevance of chiral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals has encouraged the development of synthetic methods that allow the preparation of these products in enantioselective form. Of the different strategies, those relying on the metal‐catalyzed enantioselective activation of CH bonds are especially appealing, owing to their step and atom economy. This is particularly the case in desymmetrization approaches, because of the simplicity of the reactants, and their intrinsic complexity increase characteristics. This article reviews the current state of the art on transition metal‐catalyzed desymmetrizing functionalizations involving enantiodetermining CH activation steps.
Cessation of Immunomodulatory Medication Use in Dermatomyositis: A Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Cho Sung Kyung , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Kapoor Puneet , Chung Lorinda , Fiorentino David 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency with which adults with dermatomyositis (DM) are able to discontinue systemic immunomodulatory therapy and factors associated with medication cessation.MethodsWe studied a cohort of adult DM patients seen in a rheumatology/dermatology clinic between 2013 and 2020. All patients had exposure to at least 1 systemic immunomodulatory medication for a minimum of 3 months and were followed until medications were discontinued for at least 12 months. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves with log‐rank analyses, and multivariate analysis was done using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 246 DM patients were followed up for a median time of ∼7 years (47–134 months). Forty‐seven patients (19%) discontinued all immunomodulatory medications with a median follow‐up of ∼3 years (interquartile range 22–108 months) following DM onset. Log‐rank analysis demonstrated that those with anti‐MDA5 autoantibodies discontinued medications faster compared with those without autoantibodies (P = 0.03). Multivariate modeling showed that clinically amyopathic patients were 2.7‐fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.34–5.59) more likely to discontinue medications than those with muscle disease. Those with anti‐MDA5, anti‐NXP2, and anti‐SAE1 antibodies had increased likelihood of medication cessation with hazard ratios of 9.83 (95% CI 2.00–48.2), 8.92 (95% CI 1.69–47.0), and 10.8 (95% CI 2.06–56.6), respectively, when compared with the autoantibody‐negative group.ConclusionApproximately 20% of adult DM patients discontinued immunomodulatory medications over a median 7‐year follow‐up. Those with clinically amyopathic disease, anti‐MDA5, anti‐NXP2, and anti‐SAE1 antibodies have a higher likelihood of medication cessation.
Constructing Indeterminacy: A Détournement of Didactic Models
Authors: Haralambidou Penelope 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing happens across space and time, and is action orientated by pen/pencil, inkjet or paint. The substrate that is drawn/marked on is also important, whether mylar, paper or sculptural instruments. Penelope Haralambidou explores her fellow Bartlett School of Architecture professor and office room‐mate Nat Chard's Instrument 10, part of a longstanding iterative drawing and representation project.
Complement‐Opsonized NIR‐IIb Emissive Immunotracers for Dynamically Monitoring Neutrophils in Inflammation‐Related Diseases
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Zijun , Shao Yunlong , Zhao Yaoyao , Liu Zhihong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of neutrophil dynamics is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of inflammation‐related diseases, which requires a reliable tracer for in vivo tracking of neutrophils. However, immunotracers for neutrophils are extremely limited because of the difficulty in labeling the cells. Inspired by the natural biological function of the complement system, a strategy of enhancing the complement C3 opsonization of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) by modulating their surface chemistry, thus developing a near infrared‐IIb emissive nanotracer for neutrophils, is reported herein. Four kinds of surface‐modified LnNPs are fabricated, among which phospholipids DOPG‐modified LnNPs (LnNPs@PG) with weak antifouling ability and hydroxyl groups adsorb more complement C3 proteins and form covalent linkages with C3b active fragments under inflammation conditions, inducing enhanced complement C3 opsonization. Therefore, LnNPs@PG with enhanced complement C3 opsonization are capable of efficiently labeling inflammation‐stimulated neutrophils in vivo through complement‐receptors‐mediated phagocytosis and achieve dynamic monitoring neutrophils during cutaneous wound healing and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Highly Sensitive Wearable Pressure Sensor Over a Wide Sensing Range Enabled by the Skin Surface‐Like 3D Patterned Interwoven Structure
Authors: Liu Yue , Xu Huayu , Dong Ming , Han Renhou , Tao Juan , Bao Rongrong , Pan Caofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlexible electronic equipment is an emerging field in recent years, which attaches more attention to be researched and applied in health monitoring and human–machine interface. However, for the existing pressure sensors, even a very slight pressure will greatly reduce their sensitivity, so it is an urgent problem to be solved for achieving high sensitivity and wide application range simultaneously. Hence, a high‐performance piezoresistive pressure sensor based on PAN nanofiber films (PAN NFs) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is proposed. The realization of high sensitivity and wide sensing range is based on the microstructure of accordion‐like MXene and the macrostructure of fluffy porous blowing spinning PAN nanofibers, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 81.89 kPa−1 over a wide sensing range of 0.83–38.13 kPa and the dynamic responses to external pressures can reach 98.73 kPa. The pressure sensors based on skin surface‐like 3D patterned interwoven structure are used for health monitoring and tiny pressure detecting. Moreover, the application in human–machine interface is demonstrated. Additionally, to meet the requirement of long‐term wearing, the structure of the sensor is optimized and endowed with excellent breathability and conformal properties, which promotes the further development of flexible electronic equipment.
Conformable and Compact Multiaxis Tactile Sensor for Human and Robotic Grasping via Anisotropic Waveguides
Authors: Zhou Jingyi , Shao Qi , Tang Chao , Qiao Fei , Lu Tongqing , Li Xiong , Liu Xin‐Jun , Zhao Huichan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRich and accurate tactile perceptive capability is important for both humans and robots. Soft materials exhibit unique characteristics to construct high‐performance tactile sensors such as high sensitivity and high resistance to overload. In this work, a multiaxis tactile sensor based on a soft anisotropic waveguide that can distinguish normal force and shear force, which can greatly expand its potential uses in practice, is reported. First, the anisotropy of the waveguide sensor's response to vector forces is validated numerically and experimentally, and then two of those anisotropic units are embedded into one cladding with a crossed‐over layout, to form a multiaxis sensor. Then, a calibration algorithm is implemented on this sensor and the reconstruction of vector forces is achieved at an average accuracy of 28.0 mN for normal forces and 81.1 mN for shear forces, both with the sensing range of 1 N. Using this device, three demonstrations are shown to give outlooks of its potential application in human and robotic grasping tasks: a wearable tactile sensor for collecting human's haptic data during operation, a uniaxial gyroscope, and a robotic gripper's tactile sensor for assisting an unlocking task with a key. This work is a step toward more functional soft waveguide‐based force sensors.
A homozygous Y443C variant in the RNPC3 is associated with severe syndromic congenital hypopituitarism and diffuse brain atrophy
Authors: Bezen Diğdem , Kutlu Orkide , Mouilleron Stephane , Rizzoti Karine , Dattani Mehul , Guran Tulay , Yeşil Gözde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiallelic RNPC3 variants have been reported in a few patients with growth hormone deficiency, either in isolation or in association with central hypothyroidism, congenital cataract, neuropathy, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and pituitary hypoplasia. To describe a new patient with syndromic congenital hypopituitarism and diffuse brain atrophy due to RNPC3 mutations and to compare her clinical and molecular characteristics and pituitary functions with previously published patients. A 20‐year‐old female presented with severe growth, neuromotor, and developmental delay. Her weight, height, and head circumference were 5135 gr (−25.81 SDS), 68 cm (−16.17 SDS), and 34 cm (−17.03 SDS), respectively. She was prepubertal, and had dysmorphic facies, contractures, and spasticity in the extremities, and severe truncal hypotonia. There were no radiological signs of a skeletal dysplasia. The bone age was extremely delayed at 2 years. Investigation of pituitary function revealed growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone deficiencies. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense (c.1328A > G; Y443C) variant in RNPC3. Cranial MRI revealed a hypoplastic anterior pituitary with diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. The Y443C variant in RNPC3 associated with syndromic congenital hypopituitarism and abnormal brain development. This report extends the RNPC3‐related hypopituitarism phenotype with a severe neurodegenerative presentation.
A pH‐Driven Small‐Molecule Nanotransformer Hijacks Lysosomes and Overcomes Autophagy‐Induced Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Ma Zhao , Lin Kai , Tang Menghuan , Ramachandran Mythili , Qiu Reng , Li Jin , Solano Lucas N. , Huang Yanyu , De Souza Cristabelle , Abou‐Adas Sara , Xiang Bai , Zhang Lanwei , Li Minyong , Li Yuanpei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmart conversion of supramolecular structures in vivo is an attractive strategy in cancer nanomedicine, which is usually achieved via specific peptide sequences. Here we developed a lysosomal targeting small‐molecule conjugate, PBC, which self‐assembles into nanoparticles at physiological pH and smartly converts to nanofibrils in lysosomes of tumor cells. Such a transformation mechanically leads to lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and unusual cytoplasmic vacuolation, thus granting PBC a unique anticancer activity as a monotherapy. Importantly, the photo‐activated PBC elicits significant phototoxicity to lysosomes and shows enormous advantages in overcoming autophagy‐caused treatment resistance frequently occurring in conventional phototherapy. This improved phototherapy achieves a complete cure of oral cancer xenografts upon limited administration. Our work provides a new paradigm for the construction of nonpeptide nanotransformers with biomedical activities.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Heteroaryl Imines**
Authors: Turro Raymond F. , Brandstätter Marco , Reisman Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe preparation of heterobenzylic amines by a Ni‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling between heteroaryl imines and C(sp3) electrophiles is reported. This umpolung‐type alkylation proceeds under mild conditions, avoids the pre‐generation of organometallic reagents, and exhibits good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the imine substrate acting as a redox‐active ligand upon coordination to a low‐valent Ni center. The resulting bis(2‐imino)heterocycle⋅Ni complexes can engage in alkylation reactions with a variety of C(sp3) electrophiles, giving heterobenzylic amine products in good yields.
DFT‐Guided Discovery of Ethynyl‐Triazolyl‐Phosphinates as Modular Electrophiles for Chemoselective Cysteine Bioconjugation and Profiling
Authors: Stieger Christian E. , Park Yerin , de Geus Mark A. R. , Kim Dongju , Huhn Christiane , Slenczka J. Sophia , Ochtrop Philipp , Müchler Judith M. , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Broichhagen Johannes , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the density functional theory (DFT) guided discovery of ethynyl‐triazolyl‐phosphinates (ETPs) as a new class of electrophilic warheads for cysteine selective bioconjugation. By using CuI‐catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in aqueous buffer, we were able to access a variety of functional electrophilic building blocks, including proteins, from diethynyl‐phosphinate. ETP‐reagents were used to obtain fluorescent peptide‐conjugates for receptor labelling on live cells and a stable and a biologically active antibody‐drug‐conjugate. Moreover, we were able to incorporate ETP‐electrophiles into an azide‐containing ubiquitin under native conditions and demonstrate their potential in protein–protein conjugation. Finally, we showcase the excellent cysteine‐selectivity of this new class of electrophile in mass spectrometry based, proteome‐wide cysteine profiling, underscoring the applicability in homogeneous bioconjugation strategies to connect two complex biomolecules.
Breakthrough SARS–CoV‐2 Infections in Patients With Immune‐Mediated Disease Undergoing B Cell–Depleting Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Calabrese Cassandra M. , Kirchner Elizabeth , Husni Elaine M. , Moss Brandon P. , Fernandez Anthony P. , Jin Yuxuan , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivePatients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving B cell–depleting therapy (BCDT) are among the most vulnerable to severe COVID‐19, as well as the most likely to suboptimally respond to SARS–CoV‐2 vaccines. However, little is known about the frequency or severity of breakthrough infection in this population. We retrospectively analyzed a large group of vaccinated IMID patients undergoing BCDT in order to identify breakthrough COVID‐19 infections and assess their outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the pharmacy records and COVID‐19 registry at the Cleveland Clinic were searched using specific International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes to identify IMIDs patients who 1) received treatment with BCDT, 2) were vaccinated against SARS–CoV‐2, and 3) experienced breakthrough infections. Each electronic medical record was reviewed to extract clinical data and outcomes. Univariate and multivariable logistic/proportional odds regression models were used to examine the risk factors for severe outcomes.ResultsOf 1,696 IMID patients receiving BCDT, 74 developed breakthrough COVID‐19 prior to December 16, 2021. Outcomes were severe, with 29 patients hospitalized (39.2%), 11 patients requiring critical care (14.9%), and 6 deaths (8.1%). Outpatient anti–SARS–CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies were used to treat 21 patients, with 1 hospitalization and no deaths. A comparator analysis examining 1,437 unvaccinated IMID patients receiving BCDT over the same time period identified 57 COVID‐19 cases (4.0%), with 28 requiring hospitalization (49.1%), including 7 deaths (12.3%).ConclusionIMID patients receiving BCDT regardless of vaccine status appear to be vulnerable to infection with SARS–CoV‐2, and use of BCDT is frequently associated with severe outcomes. Outpatient use of anti–SARS–CoV‐2 monoclonal antibody therapy appears to be associated with enhanced clinical outcomes.
Considering Affordability Programs for Water and Wastewater Utilities
Authors: Hawkins George S. , Neiderer Sarah , Kricun Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Key TakeawaysMany US water and wastewater customers have a hard time paying their water bills; the COVID‐19 pandemic has heightened the struggle.While the water industry considers its own financial challenges in addressing aging infrastructure and climate change, and providing high‐quality water, it realizes its duty to keep water affordable.Utilities wanting to help households facing financial hardship have options for the types of affordability programs they provide and how those programs are funded.