bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical strategies in neurotransmitter measurements: A mini literature review
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Liu Guanglin , Chen Huan , Ma Wanwan , Cui Lili , Nimmu Narendra Varma , Hou Hongwei , Hu Qingyuan , Zhang Youyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurotransmitters (NTs) are endogenous, polar, low‐molecular‐weight compounds that play multiple pivotal roles in the central nervous system. NTs are involved in communicating information, responding to stress, regulating motor coordination, and allowing interneuronal communication in living organisms. It is essential to determine the distribution of NTs in brain regions to better understand drug dependence and abuse, neurological disorders, psychological disorders, and aging. Monitoring NT levels is also important in diagnosing and avoiding serious illnesses. We here review chromatography‐based analytical techniques, including pretreatment methods (e.g., microdialysis and solid‐phase microextraction), as well as detection strategies (e.g., MS and electrochemistry), focusing on developments in these techniques over the past 5 years. We then highlight recent advances in electrochemical and fluorescence imaging methods in vivo and the disadvantages and advantages of such technologies, including high spatiotemporal resolution, polymer specificity, and high sensitivity. Finally, we summarize and compare the complementary advantages of chromatography‐based analytical techniques and biosensors and discuss trends in the development of NT detection technologies.
Key technologies and case implementation of online course
Authors: Liu Lin , Wanwu Li , Zhang Hui , Li Jinhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo adapt to the needs of teaching modes such as network distance education and mobile online learning, and overcome the space‐time limitation of traditional offline education, the construction of online courses has become an important task of informatization in education. The research analyzes several key technologies for the construction of online courses and proposes solutions for making dynamic maps and demonstration animations, sharing relevant teaching resources, cloud classroom design, special experiment design, and online testing and question & answer (Q & A). On this basis, with the index system of “Modern Distance Education Standards” as a reference, the national standard and evaluation plan of online courses as guides, and computer technology and multimedia technology as means, the research develops an online course case of Marine Geographic Information System (MGIS). Based on the.NET platform, construct a teaching resource website supporting MGIS. The online course and its supporting teaching resources website have realized the characteristic function of personalized self‐learning, dynamic demonstration of knowledge, online testing according to different learning stages, interesting experiments to stimulate learning enthusiasm, intelligent feedback learning effect, and so on. Through application and practice in teaching, the website of online courses and resources has achieved a good teaching effect.
The clinical outcome of postoperative radiotherapy using hybrid planning technique in left breast cancer after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Wei Ting‐Na , Yeh Hui‐Ling , Lin Jia‐Fu , Hung Chih‐Chiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to observe the preliminary clinical outcome and acute toxicity of hybrid intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy planning technique with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB).MethodsFrom November 2015 to December 2018, 149 female patients with left‐side breast cancer who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy with hybrid IMRT and VMAT planning technique with SIB were reviewed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was acute toxicities and the secondary endpoints were local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis‐freesurvival (DMFS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe median age was 52 years old and median follow‐up was 43.4 months. Eighty‐six percent of patients had acute grade 0 to grade1 dermatitis and 14% had grade 2 dermatitis. No acute radiation pneumonitis, esophagitis, or cardiovascular events were recorded during follow‐up. The 3‐year LRFS, DMFS, DFS, and OS rates were 95.1%, 95.1%, 90.3%, and 97.9%, respectively. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with lymphovascular invasion had more local recurrence rate and worse DFS rate. Patients with advanced N stage had the trend of worse DMFS.ConclusionIn conclusion, the hybrid IMRT and VMAT technique is feasible, safe and has less acute radiation related toxicities in SIB postoperative radiotherapy for left‐sided breast cancer.
In‐vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of serine protease inhibitor from Cassia siamea and Dolichos biflorus: A comparative study
Authors: Honnenahalli Rajegowda Sachin , Athahalli Honnagirigowda Sneha Rani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCassia siamea is a nonedible legume belonging to Fabaceae. The seed of C. siamea contains ~16% of protein. The study reports the biochemical characterization of purified novel serine protease inhibitor from seeds of C. siamea, aimed with assessing the anti‐inflammatory activity. The seed extract was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)‐anion exchange chromatography and affinity‐chromatography to obtain a relative pure protease inhibitor. Thirty‐fivefold purification with the specific activity of 250 U/mg of trypsin inhibitory unit was obtained. The characterization of protease inhibitor for optimum temperature, pH, and metal ions were measured using N‐α‐benzoyl‐DL‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide (BAPNA) assay and casein zymogram. The C. siamea trypsin inhibitor (CsTI) has a relative molecular mass of 25.540 kDa. Purified CsTI and Dolichos biflorus were tested for anti‐inflammatory efficacy against A549 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The inhibitory activity of both purified inhibitors are comparable and are potent toward anti‐inflammatory activity. The purified inhibitor shows to be a promising candidate as anti‐inflammatory agent by targeting the serine proteases.
Effects of moderate‐intensity pulsed electric field on the structure and physicochemical properties of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) prolamin
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Jing Xu , Chen Zhenjia , Wang Xiaowen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPulsed electric field (PEF) treatment is currently a hot spot in food science research. The improvement and regulation of protein structure and physicochemical properties after PEF treatment are a new development in its processing technology. This study aimed to clarify the effects of moderate‐intensity PEF treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) prolamin and its action rules.FindingsPEF treatment changed the spatial conformation of millet prolamin, increased its hydrophobicity and solubility in alcohol solution, but did not change the subunit composition distribution. It also promoted the increase in soluble aggregates, resulting in an increase in protein particle size. The α‐helix content of the protein decreased, the β‐sheet content increased, the number of disulfide bonds increased, and the protein structure became more orderly after treatment.ConclusionsThe results showed that the structure and physicochemical properties of millet prolamin significantly changed after the moderate‐intensity PEF treatment.Significance and NoveltyThe increased hydrophobicity of prolamin makes it a strong future candidate in medicinal excipients, food packaging materials, and biodegradable polymers.
A case of peripheral odontogenic fibroma arising in the mandibular premolar region of a teenager
Authors: Yamashiro Kie , Sekido Katsuhisa , Hariya Yasushi , Okita Michiko , Harada Masashi , Tatetsu Masaharu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeripheral odontogenic fibroma (POdF) is a rare, benign ectomesenchymal tumor. Herein, we report a case of a 15‐year‐old female patient who developed POdF in the mandible. The lesion was resected along with the periosteum. Histopathological findings revealed a small mass and cord‐like epithelium. There was no recurrence 16 months postoperatively.
In situ formation of self‐antistacking FeCoOx on N‐doped graphene: A 3D‐on‐2D nanoarchitecture for long‐life Zn–air batteries
Authors: Zheng Zehao , Wang Cuie , Mao Peng , Zhu Yijun , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Liao Kaiming , Shao Zongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBefore the practical application of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs), a critical issue regarding the inherent slow reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) must be addressed. Here, we fabricate a cost‐effective bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with a self‐antistacking structure, where three‐dimensional (3D) Fe–Co bimetallic oxide particles (FeCoOx) are directly grown on 2D N‐doped graphene (NG). The in situ grown FeCoOx particles can alleviate the NG interlaminar restacking, ensuring abundant channels for diffusion of O2/OH− species, while the NG allows rapid electron flow. Benefiting from this self‐antistacking 3D‐on‐2D structure and synergetic electrocatalysis, FeCoOx@NG demonstrated excellent activity for both ORR and OER (ΔE = 0.78 V), which is superior to that of the binary mixtures of Pt/C and RuO2 (ΔE = 0.83 V). A homemade ZAB with 20%‐FeCoOx@NG delivers a specific capacity of 758.9 mAh g−1, a peak power density of 215 mW cm−2, and long‐term cyclability for over 400 h. These research results suggest that designing a bimetallic oxide/N‐doped carbon 3D‐on‐2D nanoarchitecture using an in situ growth strategy is an attractive and feasible solution to overcome electrocatalytic problems in ZABs.
Emerging and Versatile Platforms of Metal‐Ion‐Doped Carbon Dots for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Disease Therapy
Authors: Qian Sihua , Li Lin , Wu Kerong , Wang Yuhui , Wei Gang , Zheng Jianping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetal ions possess abundant electrons and unoccupied orbitals, as well as large atomic radii, whose doping into carbon dots (CDs) is a facile strategy to endow CDs with additional physicochemical characteristics. After being doped with metal ions, CDs reveal obvious changes in their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties by adjustments to their electron density distribution and the energy gaps, leading them to be promising and competitive candidates as labeling probes, imaging agents, catalysts, nanodrugs, and so on. In this review, we summarize the fabrication methods of metal‐ion‐doped CDs (M‐CDs), and highlight their biological applications including biosensing, bioimaging, tumor therapy, and anti‐microbial treatment. Finally, the challenging future perspectives of M‐CDs are analyzed. We hope this review will provide inspiration for further development of M‐CDs in various biological aspects, and help readers who are interested in M‐CDs and their biological applications.
Role of Pb Doping on the Thermoelectric Properties of Mg3Sb1.8‐yBi0.2Pby Alloys
Authors: Zhu Bo , Lu Xu , Hu Lianglu , Zhang Qiang , Wang Lifei , Zheng Yun , Fan Jianfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we focused on the matrix material with a composition of Mg3Sb1.8Bi0.2. The effect of Pb doping on the thermoelectric properties of Mg3Sb1.8‐yBi0.2Pby (y=0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02) compounds was investigated. Mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering was employed to synthesize the corresponding bulk materials. The x‐ray diffraction results indicate that the doping limit of Pb in Mg3Sb1.8Bi0.2 is 0.01∼0.02. Pb doping significantly increases the carrier concentration up to >1019 cm−3, while decreasing the Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the matrix material is reduced upon Pb doping at 400–700 K. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit is improved in the low‐temperature range, and a ZT value of 0.039 is obtained for the y=0.005 sample at 500 K, which is 77% higher than that of the undoped sample.
Exploring the use of data compression for accelerating machine learning in the edge with remote virtual graphics processing units
Authors: Peñaranda Cristian , Reaño Carlos , Silla Federico 
Published: October 2022

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) devices are usually low performance nodes connected by low bandwidth networks. To improve performance in such scenarios, some computations could be done at the edge of the network. However, edge devices may not have enough computing power to accelerate applications such as the popular machine learning ones. Using remote virtual graphics processing units (GPUs) can address this concern by accelerating applications leveraging a GPU installed in a remote device. However, this requires exchanging data with the remote GPU across the slow network. To address the problem with the slow network, the data to be exchanged with the remote GPU could be compressed. In this article, we explore the suitability of using data compression in the context of remote GPU virtualization frameworks in edge scenarios executing machine learning applications. We use popular machine learning applications to carry out such exploration. After characterizing the GPU data transfers of these applications, we analyze the usage of existing compression libraries for compressing those data transfers to/from the remote GPU. Our exploration shows that transferring compressed data becomes more beneficial as networks get slower, reducing transfer time by up to 10 times. Our analysis also reveals that efficient integration of compression into remote GPU virtualization frameworks is strongly required.
Interactions between Caffeine, Theophylline and Derivatives with Gold Nanoparticles and Implications for Aptamer‐Based Label‐Free Colorimetric Detection
Authors: Labas Sarah R. , Liu Juewen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCaffeine, theophylline, and other methylxanthines have interesting biological activities and are consumed in high quantities globally, causing health and environmental concerns. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have excellent optical properties for biosensor development, although little is known about the adsorption of these xanthine derivatives to AuNPs. In this work, interactions of these compounds with AuNPs were studied. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are adsorbed in a manner that affords protection against salt‐induced aggregation, whereas xanthine and paraxanthine are adsorbed to destabilize and thus aggregate the AuNPs. Caffeine and theophylline are able to protect AuNPs starting at concentrations as low as 6.3 μM. Xanthine and paraxanthine induce significant AuNP aggregation at 5 μM. Adsorption was also confirmed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Using two recently selected DNA aptamers for caffeine and theophylline, the label‐free colorimetric sensing method was tested; our results indicated that due to adsorption of these target molecules, this method cannot be directly used for their detection. The adsorption of these compounds to AuNPs may enable various detection methods such as SERS, but at the same time, it may complicate other detection methods.
On the Molecular Origin of the Red Emission in the Newly Synthesized Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots
Authors: Bourgonje Connor R. , Heyne Belinda , Anikovskiy Max 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon‐based quantum dots (QDs) represent a new family of luminescent nanomaterials with intriguing emission properties. They are synthesized predominately with the emission in the blue and green region of the visible spectrum, with limited success in producing red emission. Furthermore, the current literature on the subject lacks consensus with respect to the morphology of QDs. Contrary to their semiconductor counterparts, the data on the structure of fluorescing centers is scarce. Herein, we describe a facile one‐pot synthesis of red emissive QDs using citric acid and formamide as precursors without addition of any other source of nitrogen. The photophysical properties of the synthesized species were investigated by steady state and transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Some structural peculiarities were revealed using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Our findings show that the newly synthesized carbon‐based QDs, at least their emissive centers, are not part of nanoparticles but rather resemble small organic fluorophores. Furthermore, we have not eliminated the possibility that multiple fluorophores with different emission properties may be embedded within a single molecular entity.
High N‐H Photoacidity of a Nitrogen‐Rich Fused Ring Heteroaromatic Scaffold
Authors: Centore Roberto , D'Amato Assunta , Della Sala Giorgio , Di Donato Mariangela , Landi Alessandro , Manfredi Carla , Peluso Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is shown that 4‐methyl‐7‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐triazolo[3,2‐c]triazole exhibits a high photoacidity, unprecedented in neutral molecules in which the proton is delivered by a NH bond, which promotes acetalization of aldehydes under irradiation by a near‐UV low power LED. Time dependent transient absorption spectroscopy shows a series of stimulated emission signals attributable to photo‐tautomerization and formation of the deprotonated species, followed by broad positive absorption band which does not decay within the investigated timescale, compatible with the formation of a long living species, possibly the anion in the lowest energy triplet state. Computational analyses qualitatively confirm the strong photoacidity of the molecule in all its tautomeric forms, allow to assign transient absorption signals, and show that the first singlet excited state exhibits high spin‐orbit couplings with excited triplet states which could promote a fast singlet‐triplet transition, thus leading to a long living species able to photocatalyze chemical reactions.
Effect of glazing and polishing on opalescence and fluorescence of dental ceramics
Authors: Hashemikamangar Sedighe Sadat , Nahavandi Alireza Mahmoudi , Daryadar Marzieh , Valizadeh Sara , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTooth enamel has opalescence and fluorescence, which should be mimicked by esthetic dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of glazing and polishing on the opalescence and fluorescence of dental ceramics.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four discs were fabricated of feldspathic, IPS e.max, zirconia, and Enamic ceramics with 10 mm diameter and 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses (n = 12). Of the discs fabricated with 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses, half of them were glazed and the remaining half were polished (n = 6). Opalescence was calculated as the difference in yellow‐blue (CIE ∆b*) and red‐green (CIE ∆a*) color axes between the transmitted and reflected colors. The fluorescence of specimens was measured by a novel technique. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance at a 0.05 level of significance.ResultsIn all groups (except for the Enamic ceramic), the mean opalescence of polished specimens (e.max = 2.704, feldspathic = 1.67, zirconia = 3.143) was higher than that of glazed specimens (e.max = 2.163, feldspathic = 1.016, zirconia = 2.690). The mean opalescence of glazed Enamic specimens (2.140) was higher than that of polished specimens (1.308). The fluorescence of glazed and polished specimens was not significantly different.ConclusionSurface treatment (glazing/polishing) affects the opalescence, but not the fluorescence of dental ceramics evaluated in this study.
Bio‐Waste‐Derived Hard Carbon Anodes Through a Sustainable and Cost‐Effective Synthesis Process for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Moon Hyein , Innocenti Alessandro , Liu Huiting , Zhang Huang , Weil Marcel , Zarrabeitia Maider , Passerini Stefano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are postulated as sustainable energy storage devices for light electromobility and stationary applications. The anode of choice in SIBs is hard carbon (HC) due to its electrochemical performance. Among different HC precursors, bio‐waste resources have attracted significant attention due to their low‐cost, abundance, and sustainability. Many bio‐waste materials have been used as HC precursors, but they often require strong acids/bases for pre‐/post‐treatment for HC development. Here, the morphology, microstructure, and electrochemical performance of HCs synthesized from hazelnut shells subjected to different pre‐treatments (i. e., no pre‐treatment, acid treatment, and water washing) were compared. The impact on the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion cells and the cost‐effectiveness were also investigated. The results revealed that hazelnut shell‐derived HCs produced via simple water washing outperformed those obtained via other processing methods in terms of electrochemical performance and cost–ecological effectiveness of a sodium‐ion battery pack.
Single‐cell transcriptome profiling reveals the key role of ZNF683 in natural killer cell exhaustion in multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Mengping , Wan Yike , Zhong Lu , Han Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaotong , Xiao Fei , Liu Jia , Zhang Yiwei , Zhu Di , Xiang Jing , Liu Junling , Huang Honghui , Hou Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundsDecreased cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells has been shown in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by using single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro experiments, we aim to uncover and validate molecularly distinctive insights into identifying regulators for NK cell exhaustion and provide potential targets for novel immune therapies in MM.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing was conducted in the bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 10 newly diagnosed MM patients and three healthy volunteers. Based on the cluster‐defining differentially expressed genes, we named and estimated functional states of each cluster via bioinformatics analyses. Functional significance of key findings obtained from sequencing analysis was examined in a series of in vitro experiments, including luciferase reporter assay, lentiviral expression vector construction, NK cell transfection, RT‐qPCR, flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity assay.ResultsWe classified NK cells into seven distinct clusters and confirmed that a subset of ZNF683+ NK cells were enriched in MM patients with ‘exhausted’ transcriptomic profile, featuring as decreased expression of activating receptors and cytolytic molecules, as well as increased expression of inhibitory receptors. Next, we found a significant downregulation of SH2D1B gene that encodes EAT‐2, an adaptor protein of activating receptor SLAMF7, in ZNF683+ NK cells from MM patients versus healthy volunteers. We further proved that ZNF683 transfection in NK cells significantly downregulated SH2D1B expression via directly binding to the promoter of SH2D1B, leading to NK cell cytotoxic activity impairment and exhausted phenotypes acquisition. In contrast, ZNF683 knockout in NK cells from MM patients increased cytotoxic activity and reversed NK cell exhaustion.ConclusionsIn summary, our findings uncover an important mechanism of ZNF683+ NK cell exhaustion and suggest that transcriptional suppressor ZNF683 as a potential useful therapeutic target in immunotherapy of MM.