bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equations for GL Invariant Families of Polynomials
Authors: Breiding Paul , Hodges Reuven , Ikenmeyer Christian , Michałek Mateusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe provide an algorithm that takes as an input a given parametric family of homogeneous polynomials, which is invariant under the action of the general linear group, and an integer d. It outputs the ideal of that family intersected with the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree d. Our motivation comes from Question 7 in Ranestad and Sturmfels (Le Math. 75, 411–424, 2020) and Problem 13 in Sturmfels (2014), which ask to find equations for varieties of cubic and quartic symmetroids. The algorithm relies on a database of specific Young tableaux and highest weight polynomials. We provide the database and the implementation of the database construction algorithm. Moreover, we provide a Julia implementation to run the algorithm using the database, so that more varieties of homogeneous polynomials can easily be treated in the future.
Merely superficially contingent a priori knowledge and the McKinsey paradox
Authors: Thorpe Joshua Rowan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe conclusion of the McKinsey paradox is that certain contingent claims about the external world are knowable a priori. Almost all of the literature on the paradox assumes that this conclusion is unacceptable, and focuses on finding a way of avoiding it. However, there is no consensus that any of these responses work. In this paper I take a different approach, arguing that the conclusion is acceptable. First, I develop our understanding of what Evans callsmerely superficially contingenta prioriknowledge, and explain why there is no reason to deny that merely superficially contingent a priori knowledge of the external world is possible. I then argue that, properly understood, the conclusion of the McKinsey paradox is that merely superficially contingent knowledge of certain claims about the external world is possible, and so the conclusion is acceptable. Finally, I respond to the two main arguments that the conclusion of the paradox is unacceptable.
Midkine release during hemodialysis is predictive of hypervolemia and associates with excess (cardiovascular) mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: a prospective study
Authors: Brandt Sabine , Fischer Anja , Kreutze Carla , Hempel Dorothea , Gorny Xenia , Scurt Florian G. , Şalaru Delia L. , Bartsch Peter , Bernhardt Anja , Bode-Böger Stefanie M. , Girndt Matthias , Fiedler Roman , Isermann Berend , Lindquist Jonathan A. , Mertens Peter R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In end-stage renal disease, a high cardiovascular risk profile and endothelial damage prevails. The heparin-binding growth factor midkine stimulates neo-angiogenesis in ischemic diseases, coordinates neutrophil influx, and raises blood pressure through stimulated angiotensin synthesis.

Methods
We determined changes of midkine serum levels during hemodialysis sessions under the assumption that endothelial cell-derived midkine is released. Periprocedural differences (∆midkine) were calculated and correlated with cardiovacular biomarkers and fluid status (clinical assessment, V. cava collapse, comet tail phenomenon), cardiovascular morbidities, mortality rates. Blood was collected before and after dialysis from hemodialysis patients (n = 171; diabetes: n = 70; hypervolemia: n = 83; both: n = 32).

Results
Baseline midkine levels were ~ fourfold elevated compared to healthy controls (n = 100). Further, on average a tenfold rise was detected during dialysis, the extent of which was partially related to non-fractionated heparin application (r2 = 0.17). Inter-individual differences were highly reproducible. Hypervolemic patients responded with a less than average rise in midkine levels during dialysis (p < 0.02), this difference became more obvious with co-existing diabetes (p < 0.001 for long dialysis-free interval) and was confirmed in an independently enrolled dialysis cohort (n = 88). In Kaplan Meier survival curves, low delta midkine levels correlated with cardiovascular/overall mortality rates, similar to elevated uPAR levels, whereas other markers (NTproANP, galectin, tenascin-C) were less predictive. Following intervention with successful fluid removal in hypervolemic dialysis patients to optimize fluid homeostasis, midkine values increased (p < 0.002), which was not observed in patients that failed to decrease weight.

Conclusion
Thus, for dialysis patients inadequate periprocedural midkine upregulation is linked with hypervolemia and associates with cardiovascular events.
Characterization of the high-temperature behavior of PBF-EB/M manufactured γ titanium aluminides
Authors: Teschke M. , Moritz J. , Telgheder L. , Marquardt A. , Leyens C. , Walther F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to their high specific strength and temperature resistance, γ-titanium aluminides (γ-TiAl) have a growing importance for automotive and aerospace applications. However, conventional processing is very challenging due to the inherent brittleness of the material. Therefore, new manufacturing techniques and methods have to be established. Additive manufacturing techniques such as electron powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) are favored, since they enable near net shape manufacturing of highly complex geometries. The high preheating temperatures, which typically occur during PBF-EB/M, can significantly improve the processability of TiAl and facilitate the fabrication of complex parts. In this study, a previously optimized material condition of the β-solidifying TNM alloy TNM-B1 (Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B) was manufactured by PBF-EB/M. The resulting microstructure, defect distribution and morphology, and mechanical properties were characterized by means of characterization methods, e.g., CT, SEM, light microscopy, hardness measurements, and tensile tests. A special focus was on the mechanical high-temperature behavior. The pronounced sensitivity of the material to defects and internal notches, e.g., due to lack of fusion defects (misconnections) which were found in the as-built condition, was identified as a main cause for premature failure below the yield point due to the low ductility. This failure was analyzed and potential improvements were identified.
A comprehensive review of polysaccharide-based bionanocomposites for food packaging applications
Authors: Altaf Aayeena , Usmani Zakiya , Dar Aamir Hussain , Dash Kshirod K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe newly engineered functional systems of nanotechnology implemented in food packaging minimize food product loss by extending shelf life. The incorporation of nanostructured materials into packaging formulations enhanced the existing characteristics of food packaging materials by increasing the specific surface area of these biopolymers. Natural biopolymers were regarded as greener, more sustainable, and environmentally friendly materials. Starch nanocrystals have been employed effectively as fillers in polymer matrices to enhance mechanical and moisture barrier characteristics. Both chitin and chitosan nanoparticles were biocompatible, biodegradable, inexpensive in cost, and mucoadhesive in nature. Alginate nanoparticles demonstrated high thermal and chemical stability. Because of these features, polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were excellent candidates for nano reinforcements in bio-nanocomposites. The nano sized forms of starch, chitin, chitosan, and alginate are non-toxic and antimicrobial. This study focused on current advances in the development of food packaging films based on starch, chitin, chitosan, and alginate nanoparticles, as well as trends and challenges in the formulation of bio-based polymers. This review detailed the synthesis of starch, chitin, chitosan, and alginate nanoparticles using various techniques such as hydrolysis, ionic gelation, reverse micellization, emulsification, and crosslinking. This type of polysaccharide-based bio-nanocomposite is expected to revolutionize the entire food packaging industry.
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Spinoza
Authors: Allison Henry E. 
Published: February 2022

Aimed at those new to studying Spinoza, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to his thought, placing it in its historical and philosophical contexts, and assessing its critical reception. In addition to providing an analysis of Spinoza's metaphysical, epistemological, psychological, and ethical views in the Ethics, Henry Allison also explores his political theory and revolutionary views on the Bible, as well as his account of Judaism, which led to the excommunication of the young Spinoza from the Jewish community in Amsterdam. Although the book's main focus is on the analysis of Spinoza's views, including a close reading of the central arguments of the Ethics, it also considers many of the standard objections to these arguments as well as possible responses to them. This completely revised and updated new edition of Allison's classic book, with two new chapters, will help a new generation of students to understand and value Spinoza's work.
Before the West
Authors: Zarakol Ayşe 
Published: February 2022

How would the history of international relations in 'the East' be written if we did not always read the ending – the Rise of the West and the decline of the East – into the past? What if we did not assume that Asia was just a residual category, a variant of 'not-Europe', but saw it as a space of with its own particular history and sociopolitical dynamics, not defined only by encounters with European colonialism? How would our understanding of sovereignty, as well as our theories about the causes of the decline of Great Powers and international orders, change as a result? For the first time, Before the West offers a grand narrative of (Eur)Asia as a space connected by normatively and institutionally overlapping successive world orders originating from the Mongol Empire. It also uses that history to rethink the foundational concepts and debates of international relations, such as order and decline.
Collaborating with Farmers to Recover Indigenous Archaic Period History from Private Lithic Collections in Virginia's Rappahannock River Valley
Authors: Wertz Gail Williams 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecovering Archaic period history of Native Americans such as the Rappahannock Tribe of Virginia is problematic because most of their rich, riverfront lands were taken by European colonists. Remaining archaeological material culture is now the property of current landowners. I collaborated with farmers along the Rappahannock River to evaluate their previously unstudied lithic collections as archaeological data sources. I tested landowner collections made by decades of repeated surveys for reliability by comparing independently made collections from the same site. The collections were significantly similar in abundance and composition through time, indicating they were representative samples of the underlying population. Comparison of collections including ground-stone tools from two different sites gave evidence of demographic changes and shifting settlement patterns through the Archaic periods and informed narratives of long-term Indigenous cultural change. I consulted with present-day Rappahannock Tribe members, who consider these collections important for tribal history, to develop research questions and evaluate shared results. Although private collections often lack documentation, proactive collaboration with responsive collectors as described allowed essential information to be recovered, documented, and preserved for the archaeological record. Building bridges of trust and information transfer among collectors, archaeologists, and tribe members is key to maximizing the information value of private collections.
Random stable-type minimal factorizations of the n-cycle
Authors: Thévenin Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate random minimal factorizations of the n-cycle, that is, factorizations of the permutation
$(1 \, 2 \cdots n)$
into a product of cycles
$\tau_1, \ldots, \tau_k$
whose lengths
$\ell(\tau_1), \ldots, \ell(\tau_k)$
satisfy the minimality condition
$\sum_{i=1}^k(\ell(\tau_i)-1)=n-1$
. By associating to a cycle of the factorization a black polygon inscribed in the unit disk, and reading the cycles one after another, we code a minimal factorization by a process of colored laminations of the disk. These new objects are compact subsets made of red noncrossing chords delimiting faces that are either black or white. Our main result is the convergence of this process as
$n \rightarrow \infty$
, when the factorization is randomly chosen according to Boltzmann weights in the domain of attraction of an
$\alpha$
-stable law, for some
$\alpha \in (1,2]$
. The limiting process interpolates between the unit circle and a colored version of Kortchemski’s
$\alpha$
-stable lamination. Our principal tool in the study of this process is a new bijection between minimal factorizations and a model of size-conditioned labeled random trees whose vertices are colored black or white, as well as the investigation of the asymptotic properties of these trees.
REMINISCING ON THE USE AND ABUSE OF 14C AND 13C IN ATMOSPHERIC CO2
Authors: Tans Pieter 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe are observing a dramatic increase of CO2 in the atmosphere, unprecedented in the last several million years. Carbon isotopic ratios have been very useful in helping to untangle the respective roles of anthropogenic emissions and sources/sinks of CO2 in the oceans or terrestrial biosphere. However, this untangling has not been as simple as was often hoped. The isotope ratio signatures produced by emissions and removals that are present in atmospheric CO2 are always vigorously being erased by isotopic exchange with the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems, without there necessarily being any effect on total CO2. Especially in the last decades this pure isotopic exchange effect has led to gross errors that have clouded the public debate on climate change, obscuring mankind’s role. This paper traces my own struggle with the scientific and public sides of this issue, which I ran into from the start of my career in Groningen and throughout my years at NOAA. It is still relevant today.
Sedition and Freedom of Expression for Journalists in Botswana: A Comment on Mokone v Attorney General and Others
Authors: Balule Badala Tachilisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJournalists play an important role in promoting and facilitating the right to freedom of expression. To promote and facilitate freedom of expression effectively, they should be free to perform their duties without fear of reprisals, intimidation or harassment. Journalists should carry out their duties in a legally safe environment. It has, however, been observed that journalists across the world are subjected to various human rights violations and abuses aimed at hindering them in performing their work. Journalists in Botswana also endure harassment and intimidation. One form in which this harassment manifests itself is through the use of sedition laws. In many countries these laws have been found to limit the right to freedom of expression unjustifiably. The legality of sedition laws has been considered by the courts of Botswana, where the High Court upheld their constitutionality. This note critically analyses the High Court's decision.
Mental health across the early years in the military
Authors: Dell Lisa , Casetta Carolina , Benassi Helen , Cowlishaw Sean , Agathos James , O'Donnell Meaghan , Crane Monique , Lewis Virginia , Pacella Belinda , Terhaag Sonia , Morton David , McFarlane Alexander , Bryant Richard , Forbes David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mental health impact of the initial years of military service is an under-researched area. This study is the first to explore mental health trajectories and associated predictors in military members across the first 3–4 years of their career to provide evidence to inform early interventions.MethodsThis prospective cohort study surveyed Australian Defence personnel (n = 5329) at four time-points across their early military career. Core outcomes were psychological distress (K10+) and posttraumatic stress symptoms [four-item PTSD Checklist (PCL-4)] with intra-individual, organizational and event-related trajectory predictors. Latent class growth analyses (LCGAs) identified subgroups within the sample that followed similar longitudinal trajectories for these outcomes, while conditional LCGAs examined the variables that influenced patterns of mental health.ResultsThree clear trajectories emerged for psychological distress: resilient (84.0%), worsening (9.6%) and recovery (6.5%). Four trajectories emerged for post-traumatic stress, including resilient (82.5%), recovery (9.6%), worsening (5.8%) and chronic subthreshold (2.3%) trajectories. Across both outcomes, prior trauma exposure alongside modifiable factors, such as maladaptive coping styles, and increased anger and sleep difficulties were associated with the worsening and chronic subthreshold trajectories, whilst members in the resilient trajectories were more likely to be male, report increased social support from family/friends and Australian Defence Force (ADF) sources, and use adaptive coping styles.ConclusionsThe emergence of symptoms of mental health problems occurs early in the military lifecycle for a significant proportion of individuals. Modifiable factors associated with wellbeing identified in this study are ideal targets for intervention, and should be embedded and consolidated throughout the military career.
Political Compromise and Dirty Hands
Authors: Hall Edward 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I offer a novel account of why compromising in politics is likely to involve the kind of politically admirable but morally wrongful behavior at stake in the dirty hands thesis. On the view I defend, politicians do not dirty their hands just because they compromise on matters of principle. Rather, when forging a political compromise, negotiators can either comply with the requirements of ethical compromise-making or abide by the special obligations they have to their representees, but will struggle to satisfy both demands. As a result, subsequent to such compromises, residual moral claims about how the compromise was negotiated will almost inevitably emerge and compromise-makers will not be able to explain their conduct in a way that can cancel these grievances. It is in this sense that forging political compromises can be “dirty” even if choosing to compromise is the politically responsible thing to do.
Assessing the Meteorological Impacts of Time‐Varying Land Cover in the Intertidal Zone
Authors: An Hye Yeon , Jeong Ju‐Hee , Kang Yoon‐Hee , Lee Ho‐Jae , Kim Yoo‐Keun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe meteorological impacts of intertidal land cover variation during summer and winter were simulated using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) meteorological model through two experiments: a TIDE experiment with time‐varying land cover by tidal effects in the intertidal zone using a new modeling method used hourly surface boundary conditions obtained using ocean model and satellite data, and a CNTL experiment with fixed land cover in the intertidal zone using a typical WRF modeling method used to fix the surface boundary conditions. The results of the TIDE experiment were more consistent with the recorded observations, especially during high tides. During summer daytime, the sensible heat flux (SHF) became negative (downward exchanging process) in the intertidal zone due to a low sea surface temperature, which decreased the temperature and increased the water vapor mixing ratio in the intertidal zone and inland areas. The wind speeds in intertidal zones and inland areas increased due to strong sea winds at altitudes from 80 m to 1.5 km, thereby increasing the sea breeze intensity and resulting in meteorological changes in inland areas. During winter, land cover changes in the intertidal zone impacted fog formation. During nighttime high tides, the SHF became positive in the intertidal zone and the latent heat flux increased prior to fog formation. During flood tide, the relative humidity increased and wind speed decreased in the intertidal zone and coastal areas coincident with fog occurrence. Overall, meteorological changes due to tidal effects were more pronounced in the summer.
A New Mechanism for Earthquake‐Enhanced Permeability
Authors: Wang Chi‐Yuen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarthquakes may enhance the permeability of Earth's crust, but the mechanisms for such changes are not entirely clear. Recent studies have revealed a distinct coseismic response at large epicentral distances to great earthquakes and at close distances to major earthquakes , where both the horizontal and vertical permeabilities increased by orders of magnitude and the increases stayed at the co‐seismic level for many years, which cannot be explained by the existing models. To explain such prolong increases of the vertical permeability I propose a new mechanism, supported by laboratory and field observations of earthquake‐triggered hydrogeologic processes, that great earthquakes may pressurize and liquefy groundwater systems and inject the liquefied sands into fractures to keep them open. The proposed mechanism is testable and implies prolonged upward migration of hot fluids from deep basins, which may be an important process for subsurface transport of heat and solutes and may also be useful to understand the safety of groundwater and the security of underground repositories.
Adaptive 3D descattering with a dynamic synthesis network
Authors: Tahir Waleed , Wang Hao , Tian Lei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep learning has been broadly applied to imaging in scattering applications. A common framework is to train a descattering network for image recovery by removing scattering artifacts. To achieve the best results on a broad spectrum of scattering conditions, individual “expert” networks need to be trained for each condition. However, the expert’s performance sharply degrades when the testing condition differs from the training. An alternative brute-force approach is to train a “generalist” network using data from diverse scattering conditions. It generally requires a larger network to encapsulate the diversity in the data and a sufficiently large training set to avoid overfitting. Here, we propose an adaptive learning framework, termed dynamic synthesis network (DSN), which dynamically adjusts the model weights and adapts to different scattering conditions. The adaptability is achieved by a novel “mixture of experts” architecture that enables dynamically synthesizing a network by blending multiple experts using a gating network. We demonstrate the DSN in holographic 3D particle imaging for a variety of scattering conditions. We show in simulation that our DSN provides generalization across a continuum of scattering conditions. In addition, we show that by training the DSN entirely on simulated data, the network can generalize to experiments and achieve robust 3D descattering. We expect the same concept can find many other applications, such as denoising and imaging in scattering media. Broadly, our dynamic synthesis framework opens up a new paradigm for designing highly adaptive deep learning and computational imaging techniques.