bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Sub-chronic Administration of the Ethanolic Extract of Chromolaena odorata Leaves on the Immune System and Spleen of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Nwosu D. Chioma , Nwosu M. Izunna , Aguwa Ugochukwu 
Published: November 2022

Chromolaena odorata, a neglected weed with wide spectrum is a multipurpose plant that contains high concentration of anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive agents that protects against tissue damage. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on the immune system and spleen of Albino Wistar Rats. 41 adult male rats weighing between 110g -140g were used for this study. LD50 was carried out using 13 rats while 28 rats were used for the experiment proper. The rats used for the experiment proper were divided into four groups of 7 animals each. Group A served as control group and received animal feed and distilled water only, Group B received 1000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water, Group C received 3000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water, and Group D received 6000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water. The ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was administered 4-times per week for 13 weeks. The animals were killed using diethyl ether suffocation, blood samples were collected by ocular puncture for haematological analysis of RBC, WBC and differentials, Platelets, CD4 and CD8 cells count, the spleen and peyer’s patches harvested, weighed and the spleen immediately fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. Data was considered significant at p<0.05. Result showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight in the groups when compared to the control group A. Peyer’s patches had a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group B and C, while group D had a significant increase (p>0.05). Hemoglobin concentration, and PCV revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared to the control group. RBC result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared to group A. Platelet count revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the groups. CD4 and CD8 count also revealed a significant increase. Histopathological study showed reactive lymphoid follicles in group B, circumferential zone of necrosis around a disc shaped eosinophilic, foreign material was seen in group C, and group D had necrosis when compared to control group. In conclusion, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata have toxic effect on hematological indices of RBC, PCV with no effect on immune cell functions of Cd4 and CD8 cell counts and white blood cells.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with an altered metabolic profile and increased cancer stemness in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Amrutkar Manoj , Verbeke Caroline S. , Finstadsveen Anette Vefferstad , Dorg Linda , Labori Knut Jørgen , Gladhaug Ivar P. 
Published: November 2022

The modest clinical benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with a lack of robust data on treatment‐induced changes in the tumor. To this end, comparative proteomic profiling of tumor tissue samples from treatment‐naïve (TN, n = 20) and NAT‐treated (n = 22) PDACs was performed. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and correlation with overall survival (OS) was performed. Tumors were also examined for histopathological changes and expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. Serum from 33 matched patients was analyzed for metabolic markers. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, and expression of CSC markers were assessed in chemoresistant Panc‐1 and Mia PaCa‐2 cells. Of the 2265 proteins identified, 227 and 144 proteins showed significantly altered expression and differential phosphorylation, respectively, in NAT compared with TN samples. The majority of these were metabolism‐related proteins, and 14 of these correlated moderately with OS. NAT‐treated tumors and chemoresistant cancer cells showed increased expression of CSC markers. Serum ALDH1A1 was higher in NAT compared with TN. Differentially phosphorylated proteins were mainly involved in cytoskeleton organization, cell locomotion, motility, and migration, and 17 of these showed a strong positive correlation with OS. This study provides evidence of the effects of NAT on PDAC metabolism at both the tumor and the systemic levels. NAT‐treated tumors showed significantly lower expression of metabolic proteins, and patients who underwent NAT showed reduced serum lactate and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Lastly, cancer cells that survived cytotoxic treatment expressed higher CSC markers, both in vivo and in vitro.
Peer correlates of conduct problems in girls
Authors: Schiff Sara J. , Lee Steve S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConduct problems are increasingly prevalent in girls and they uniquely predict negative outcomes. Yet, few reliable risk factors for aggression and violence in girls and women have been identified. Although preliminary evidence suggests peer relationships may be central to the development of youth conduct problems, especially in girls, rigorous interactive models of peer risk and protective factors for conduct problems are lacking. Based on 3104 10−13‐year‐old girls in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, we tested the independent associations of separate peer risk factors (i.e., relational aggression victimization, physical aggression victimization, and deviant peer affiliation) with multidimensional conduct problems, including their moderation by peer support. Being the victim of relational aggression, being the victim of physical aggression, and deviant peer affiliation were each positively associated with conduct problems and perpetration of aggression whereas peer support was negatively associated with youth report conduct problems and perpetration of physical aggression. Further, elevated peer support significantly attenuated the association of being the victim of relational aggression with teacher‐rated conduct problems. These results highlight the sensitivity of conduct problems to peer risk factors and suggest that peer support designates important configurations of risk that differentially relate to conduct problems in girls.
Pushing the Limit of Open‐Circuit Voltage Deficit via Modifying Buried Interface in CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Chenzhe , Zhang Suicai , Fan Wenqiang , Cheng Feiyu , Sun Haochun , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough CsPbI3 perovskites have shown tremendous potential in the photovoltaic field owing to their excellent thermal stability, the device performance is seriously restricted by severe photovoltage loss. The buried titanium oxide/perovskite interface plays a critical role in interfacial charge transport and perovskite crystallization, which is closely related to open‐circuit voltage deficit stemming from nonradiative recombination. Herein, target molecules named 3‐sulphonatopropyl acrylate potassium salts are deliberately employed with special functional groups for modifying the buried interface, giving rise to favorable functions in terms of passivating interfacial defects, optimizing energetic alignment, and facilitating perovskite crystallization. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the buried interface modification inhibits the electron transfer barrier and simultaneously improves perovskite crystal quality, thereby reducing trap‐assisted charge recombination and interfacial energetic loss. Consequently, the omnibearing modification regarding the buried interface endows the devices with an impressive efficiency of 20.98%, achieving a record‐low VOC deficit of 0.451 V. The as‐proposed buried interface modification strategy renders with a universal prescription to push the limit of VOC deficit, showing a promising future in developing high‐performance all‐inorganic perovskite photovoltaics.
A Full‐Device Autonomous Self‐Healing Stretchable Soft Battery from Self‐Bonded Eutectogels
Authors: Gu Chaonan , Wang Mengke , Zhang Kaihuang , Li Jingjing , Lu Yi‐Lin , Cui Yihan , Zhang Yunfei , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNext‐generation energy storage devices should be soft, stretchable, and self‐healable. Previously reported self‐healable batteries mostly possess limited stretchability and rely on healable electrodes or electrolytes rather than achieving full‐device self‐healability. Herein, an all‐component self‐bonding strategy is reported to obtain an all‐eutectogel soft battery (AESB) that simultaneously achieves full‐cell autonomous self‐healability and omnidirectional intrinsic stretchability (>1000% areal strain) over a broad temperature range (−20~60 °C). Without requiring any external stimulus, the five‐layered soft battery can efficiently recover both its mechanical and electrochemical performance at full‐cell level. The developed AESB can be easily configured into various 3D architectures with highly interfacial compatible eutectogel electrodes, electrolyte, and substrate, presenting an excellent opportunity for the development of embodied energy technologies. The present work provides a general and user‐friendly soft electronic material platform for fabricating a variety of intrinsic self‐healing stretchable multi‐layered electronics, which are promising beyond the field of energy storage, such as displays, sensors, circuits, and soft robots.
Ultrafast Non‐Equilibrium Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Zeng Cuihua , Su Hai , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Rui , Hu Enyuan , Liu Yuansheng , Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin , Xu Yunhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of cathode materials plays an important role in determining the production efficiency, cost, and performance of lithium‐ion batteries. However, conventional synthesis methods always experience a slow heating rate and involve a complicated multistep reaction process and sluggish reaction dynamics, leading to high energy and long time consumption. Herein, a high‐temperature shock (HTS) strategy is reported for the ultrafast synthesis of cathode materials in seconds. The HTS process experiences an ultrahigh heating rate, leading to a non‐equilibrium reaction and fast reaction kinetics, and avoids high energy and long time consumption. Mainstream cathode materials (such as LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, LiFePO4, and Li‐rich layered oxide/NiO heterostructured material) are successfully synthesized with pure phases, oxygen vacancies, ultrasmall particle sizes, and good electrochemical performance. The HTS process not only provides an efficient synthesis approach for cathode materials, but also can be extended beyond lithium‐ion batteries.
Counteracting the Activity‐Diastereoselectivity Trade‐Off of l‐Threonine Aldolase by Regulating the Proton Transfer Microenvironment
Authors: Fang Sai , Yu Haoran , Xiao Lanxin , Wang Zhe , Lei Yixuan , Xu Gang , Yang Lirong , Zheng Wenlong , Wu Jianping 
Published: November 2022

Abstractl‐threonine aldolase (LTA) is a vital tool for the production of β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids, important pharmaceutical intermediates with two chiral centres. However, the trade‐off between activity and diastereoselectivity seriously hinders the application of LTA. Here, microenvironment of the proton transfer was regulated to improve the enzyme activity while avoiding the loss of diastereoselectivity. A combinatorial active‐site saturation test (CAST) strategy was applied to engineer the microenvironment of the key histidines H86 and H128 involved in proton transfer. Except for the amino acid residues tunning diastereoselectivity, a total of 18 (9+9) residues lining around H86 and H128 were investigated. As a result, two variants, RS1‐T92V and RS1‐E123R, were obtained with specific activity from 9.61 U/mg to 11.24 U/mg and 14.41 U/mg, respectively. By combinatorial mutagenesis, a double‐point mutant RS1‐VR (T92V/E123R) was obtained with specific activity reaching 18.65 U/mg that was two‐fold of the original strain (RS1). Notably, the mutant RS1‐VR remained a high de value of 94.21%. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the mechanism of activity‐diastereoselectivity trade‐off. The improvement of microenvironment contributes to reduce the swing amplitude of the side chain of H86, resulting in the proton transfer more efficient. This work provides a strategy of regulating the proton transfer microenvironment for counteracting the trade‐off between activity and diastereoselectivity in protein engineering.magnified image
Photoredox (NN)Mn(I) Catalysed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation: Synthesis of Amides, Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Joshi Abhisek , Kumari Saloni , Kundu Sabuj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn acceptorless dehydrogenative methodology for the synthesis of amides, aldehydes and ketones from hemiaminal and alcohols in the presence of manganese(I) based photocatalyst is developed. Several aromatic, aliphatic, heterocyclic aldehydes and primary aryl amines as well as secondary alkyl amines were coupled, providing the corresponding amides. The methodology was also extended for dehydrogenation of various alcohols to get the corresponding carbonyls. The proposed catalytic cycle was supported by various control experiments as well as different analytical techniques such as NMR, IR and ESI‐MS.magnified image
The phylogeny of Syntrichia: An ecologically diverse clade of mosses with an origin in South America
Authors: Jauregui‐Lazo Javier , Brinda John C. ,   GoFlag Consortium, Mishler Brent D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseTo address the biodiversity crisis, we need to understand the evolution of all organisms and how they fill geographic and ecological space. Syntrichia is one of the most diverse and dominant genera of mosses, ranging from alpine habitats to desert biocrusts, yet its evolutionary history remains unclear.MethodsWe present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Syntrichia, based on both molecular and morphological data, with most of the named species and closest outgroups represented. In addition, we provide ancestral‐state reconstructions of water‐related traits and a global biogeographic analysis.ResultsWe found 10 major well‐resolved subclades of Syntrichia that possess geographical or morphological coherence, in some cases representing previously accepted genera. We infer that the extant species diversity of Syntrichia likely originated in South America in the early Eocene (56.5–43.8 million years ago [Mya]), subsequently expanded its distribution to the neotropics, and finally dispersed to the northern hemisphere. There, the clade experienced a recent diversification (15–12 Mya) into a broad set of ecological niches (e.g., the S. caninervis and S. ruralis complexes). The transition from terricolous to either saxicolous or epiphytic habitats occurred more than once and was associated with changes in water‐related traits.ConclusionsOur study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary history of Syntrichia through the combination of morphological and molecular characters, revealing that migration events that shaped the current distribution of the clade have implications for morphological character evolution in relation to niche diversity.
Recent Advances in the Nickel‐catalysed Electrochemical Coupling Reactions with a Focus on the Type of Bond Formed
Authors: Jose Jisna , Diana Elizabeth J. , Kanchana U. S. , Mathew Thomas V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite being around for many decades, electrochemical metal catalysis has recently widened the realm of electrochemical synthesis by merging sustainable electrosynthesis and tremendous metal catalysis. As the electric current can be controlled to stimulate the development of reactive intermediates and catalysts without the use of external oxidising or reducing agents and considering that it is more selective, generates less waste, and works under reasonable conditions, this strategy represents an eco‐friendly and economically sustainable method. Nickel can be used efficiently in electrochemical metal‐catalysed reactions owing to its inexpensive nature, high reactivity towards less reactive electrophiles and unique single electron transfer (SET) catalytic cycle. This review covers the recent advances in nickel‐catalysed electrochemical coupling reactions from 2017 to 2022, with a focus on different reactions that forge C−C or C‐heteroatom bonds.
Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers
Authors: Carey Ashley , Fossati Silvia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes recent evidence on how mid‐life hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and blood pressure variability, as well as late‐life hypotension, exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk. Intriguingly, HHcy also increases the risk for hypertension, revealing the importance of understanding the relationship between comorbid cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension‐induced dementia presents more evidently in women, highlighting the relevance of sex differences in the impact of cardiovascular risk. We summarize each major antihypertensive drug class's effects on cognitive impairment and AD pathology, revealing how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, diuretics modulating cerebral blood flow, have recently gained preclinical evidence as promising treatment against AD. We also report novel vascular biomarkers for AD and dementia risk, highlighting those associated with hypertension and HHcy. Importantly, we propose that future studies should consider hypertension and HHcy as potential contributors to cognitive impairment, and that uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers would aid in the identification of preventive strategies.
Dimethyl Fumarate Delays Multiple Sclerosis in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome
Authors: Okuda Darin T. , Kantarci Orhun , Lebrun‐Frénay Christine , Sormani Maria Pia , Azevedo Christina J. , Bovis Francesca , Hua Le H. , Amezcua Lilyana , Mowry Ellen M. , Hotermans Christophe , Mendoza Jason , Walsh John S. , von Hehn Christian , Vargas Wendy S. , Donlon Stacy , Naismith Robert T. , Okai Annette , Pardo Gabriel , Repovic Pavle , Stüve Olaf , Siva Aksel , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) represents the earliest detectable pre‐clinical phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated the impact of therapeutic intervention in preventing first symptom manifestation at this stage in the disease spectrum.MethodsWe conducted a multi‐center, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study involving people with RIS. Individuals without clinical symptoms typical of MS but with incidental brain MRI anomalies consistent with central nervous system (CNS) demyelination were included. Within 12 MS centers in the United States, participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to oral dimethyl fumarate (DMF) 240 mg twice daily or placebo. The primary endpoint was the time to onset of clinical symptoms attributable to a CNS demyelinating event within a follow‐up period of 96 weeks. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was applied to all participating individuals in the primary and safety investigations. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02739542 (ARISE).ResultsParticipants from 12 centers were recruited from March 9, 2016, to October 31, 2019, with 44 people randomized to dimethyl fumarate and 43 to placebo. Following DMF treatment, the risk of a first clinical demyelinating event during the 96‐week study period was highly reduced in the unadjusted Cox proportional‐hazards regression model (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–0.63, p = 0.007). More moderate adverse reactions were present in the DMF (34 [32%]) than placebo groups (19 [21%]) but severe events were similar (DMF, 3 [5%]; placebo, 4 [9%]).InterpretationThis is the first randomized clinical trial demonstrating the benefit of a disease‐modifying therapy in preventing a first acute clinical event in people with RIS. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:604–614
Medium/High‐Entropy Amalgamated Core/Shell Nanoplate Achieves Efficient Formic Acid Catalysis for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhan Changhong , Bu Lingzheng , Sun Haoran , Huang Xingwei , Zhu Zhipeng , Yang Tang , Ma Haibin , Li Leigang , Wang Yucheng , Geng Hongbo , Wang Weizhen , Zhu Huaze , Pao Chih‐Wen , Shao Qi , Yang Zhiqing , Liu Wei , Xie Zhaoxiong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting extensive research interests in designing advanced nanomaterials, while their precise control is still in the infancy stage. Herein, we have reported a well‐defined PtBiPbNiCo hexagonal nanoplates (HEA HPs) as high‐performance electrocatalysts. Structure analysis decodes that the HEA HP is constructed with PtBiPb medium‐entropy core and PtBiNiCo high‐entropy shell. Significantly, the HEA HPs can reach the specific and mass activities of 27.2 mA cm−2 and 7.1 A mgPt−1 for formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), being the record catalyst ever achieved in Pt‐based catalysts, and can realize the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) power density (321.2 mW cm−2) in fuel cell. Further experimental and theoretical analyses collectively evidence that the hexagonal intermetallic core/atomic layer shell structure and multi‐element synergy greatly promote the direct dehydrogenation pathway of formic acid molecule and suppress the formation of CO*.
High Power‐ and Energy‐Density Supercapacitors through the Chlorine Respiration Mechanism
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Huang Kai , Chen Long , You Haipeng , Yao Menglei , Jiang Hao , Zhang Ling , Lian Cheng , Gao Xiangwen , Li Chunzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupercapacitor represents an important electrical energy storage technology with high‐power performance and superior cyclability. However, currently commercialized supercapacitors still suffer limited energy densities. Here we report an unprecedentedly respiring supercapacitor with chlorine gas iteratively re‐inspires in porous carbon materials, that improves the energy density by orders of magnitude. Both electrochemical results and theoretical calculations show that porous carbon with pore size around 3 nm delivers the best chlorine evolution and adsorption performance. The respiring supercapacitor with multi‐wall carbon nanotube as the cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 as the anode can store specific energy of 33 Wh kg−1 with negligible capacity loss over 30 000 cycles. The energy density can be further improved to 53 Wh kg−1 by replacing NaTi2(PO4)3 with zinc anode. Furthermore, thanks to the extraordinary reaction kinetics of chlorine gas, this respiring supercapacitor performs an extremely high‐power density of 50 000 W kg−1.
Predicting Collagen Triple Helix Stability through Additive Effects of Terminal Residues and Caps
Authors: Fiala Tomas , Barros Emilia P. , Heeb Rahel , Riniker Sereina , Wennemers Helma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCollagen model peptides (CMPs) consisting of proline‐(2S,4R)‐hydroxyproline‐glycine (POG) repeats have provided a breadth of knowledge of the triple helical structure of collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals. Predictive tools for triple helix stability have, however, lagged behind since the effect of CMPs with different frames ([POG]n, [OGP]n, or [GPO]n) and capped or uncapped termini have so far been underestimated. Here, we elucidated the impact of the frame, terminal functional group and its charge on the stability of collagen triple helices. Combined experimental and theoretical studies with frame‐shifted, capped and uncapped CMPs revealed that electrostatic interactions, strand preorganization, interstrand H‐bonding, and steric repulsion at the termini contribute to triple helix stability. We show that these individual contributions are additive and allow for the prediction of the melting temperatures of CMP trimers.