bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expertise, playfulness and analogical reasoning: three strategies to train Artificial Intelligence for design applications
Authors: Mirra Gabriele , Pugnale Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical framework for the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in architectural and structural design processes, and it is complemented by some practical applications. The aim is to demonstrate that AI can be used to simulate certain aspects of human cognition and can therefore be integrated into CAD software to support conceptual design and idea generation in a number of different ways. The aim of this study is also to investigate to what extent AI models can interact with a designer to explore future forms of human–machine interaction, including autonomous and participative design. This study identifies and applies AI models to simulate three distinct learning mechanisms: design expertise, playfulness and analogical reasoning. Each strategy has been applied to train different AI models, including generative models and reinforcement learning agents. In the first application, the AI model extracts visual features from a dataset of shell and spatial structures, and then recombines such features to generate new design propositions. In the second application, an AI agent learns a design strategy to solve a toy-design problem with no prior knowledge of precedents. The third application illustrates that AI can be trained to discover meaningful features from biological forms and generate simple design objects through the visual abstraction of such forms. The applications demonstrate the ability of AI to synthesise design options and interact with a designer through visual data formats, such as 2D images and 3D models. This work does not focus on assessing the usefulness of AI models in a real-world design scenario, or on comparing AI with current computational design tools and approaches. It instead investigates different forms of design exploration for computational design purposes, thus paving the way for the development of future autonomous and participative design systems.
A Novel Hotel Selection Decision Support Model Based on the Online Reviews from Opinion Leaders by Best Worst Method
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Chenhang , Wu Yang , Cao Mingshuo , Liu Yujia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHotel selection is an important decision in making travel plans. Since hotel selection is a typical non-expert decision, online reviews provide people with information about the hotels and travel destinations they never went to. Several studies construct the decision model based on online reviews with the subjective weights of criteria but ignore the objective weight of criteria derived by opinion leaders, which contributes to the review helpfulness. This study proposes a decision-making model based on online reviews for satisfactory hotel selection. Firstly, an RFMP model is proposed to extract the online reviews of opinion leaders, and the Word2vec method is used to extract the criteria from the online review of opinion leaders. Secondly, obtain the objective weight of criteria from the online reviews of opinion leaders by Word2Vec. Meanwhile, obtain the subjective weight of criteria by the best worst method(BWM) method. Thus, the weight of the hotel selection criteria can be obtained by a linear weighting of objective and subjective weight with a parameter. Thirdly, the hotel selection process based on TOPSIS is employed. Finally, a case study of 8 alternative hotels on Mafengwo.com is applied to verify the proposed model. Comparison experiments and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the reasonableness and advantage of the proposed model.
An enhanced model for Rosenkranz’s logic of justification
Authors: Rossi Niccolò 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRosenkranz (2021) devised two bimodal epistemic logics: an idealized one and a realistic one. The former is shown to be sound with respect to a class of neighborhood frames called i-frames. Rosenkranz designed a specific i-frame able to invalidate a series of undesired formulas, proving that these are not theorems of the idealized logic. Nonetheless, an unwanted formula and an unwanted rule of inference are not invalidated. Invalidating the former guarantees the distinction between the two modal operators characteristic of the logic, while invalidating the latter is crucial in order to deal with the problem of logical omniscience. In this paper, I present an i-frame able to invalidate all the undesired formulas already invalidated by Rosenkranz, together with the missing formula and rule of inference.
Coming Soon: Ability to Orgasm After Gender Affirming Vaginoplasty
Authors: Blasdel Gaines , Kloer Carmen , Parker Augustus , Castle Elijah , Bluebond-Langner Rachel , Zhao Lee C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany patients have goals related to sexual health when seeking gender-affirming vaginoplasty, and previous investigations have only studied the ability to orgasm at cross-sectional timepoints.AimOur aim is to quantify the time to orgasm postoperative gender-affirming vaginoplasty and describe potential correlative factors, including preoperative orgasm, to improve preoperative counseling.MethodsA retrospective chart review was utilized to extract factors thought to influence pre and postoperative orgasm in patients undergoing robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty. Mean days to orgasm plus one standard deviation above that mean was used to define the time at which patients would be considered anorgasmic.OutcomesOrgasm was documented as a categorical variable on the basis of surgeon interviews during pre and postoperative appointments while time to orgasm was measured as days from surgery to first date documented as orgasmic in the medical record.ResultsA total of 199 patients underwent surgery from September 2017 to August 2020. The median time to orgasm was 180 days. 178 patients had completed 1 year or greater of follow-up, and of these patients, 153 (86%) were orgasmic and 25 patients (14%) were not. Difficulty in preoperative orgasm was correlated only with older age (median age 45.9 years vs 31.7, P = .03). Postoperative orgasm was not significantly correlated with preoperative orgasm. The only factor related to postoperative orgasm was smoking history: 12 of 55 patients (21.8%) who had a positive smoking history and sufficient follow-up reported anorgasmia (P-value .046). Interventions for anorgasmic patients include testosterone replacement, pelvic floor physical therapy, and psychotherapy.Clinical ImplicationsPreoperative difficulty with orgasm improves with gender-affirming robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty, while smoking had a negative impact on postoperative orgasm recovery despite negative cotinine test prior to surgery.Strengths & LimitationsThis investigation is the first effort to determine a timeline for the return of orgasmic function after gender-affirming vaginoplasty. It is limited by retrospective review methodology and lack of long-term follow-up. The association of smoking with postoperative orgasm despite universal nicotine cessation prior to surgery may indicate prolonged smoking cessation improves orgasmic outcomes or that underlying, unmeasured exposures correlated with smoking may be the factor inhibiting recovery of orgasm.ConclusionThe majority of patients were orgasmic at their 6-month follow-up appointments, however, patients continued to become newly orgasmic in appreciable numbers more than 1 year after surgery.
Compliance modeling of a full 6-DOF series–parallel flexure-based Stewart platform-like micromanipulator
Authors: Mishra Suraj Kumar , Kumar Cheruvu Siva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith many micromanipulator designs emerging in micro and nanosystem applications, the element of compliance in the mechanisms is gaining attention. Several designs consider motions limited in a plane for high accuracy and repeatability as needed in micro/nano manipulation applications. Extending this to a full spatial configuration with coupled motions of series and parallel linkages with flexure joints of 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) and 3-DOF needs a systematic analytical approach. One such approach for compliance analysis is presented in this article for a mechanism designed at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. To validate the analytical models, finite element analysis simulations are performed with the help of the Abaqus-6.14 software package. Following the successful validation, the effect of structural parameters on the performance is presented with the help of the analytical expressions. We explore the performance of the mechanism with different dimensions of flexures of a particular type. Results indicate that the design with dissimilar dimensional parameters can give superior performance.
Heterogeneity in caregiving-related early adversity: Creating stable dimensions and subtypes
Authors: Nikolaidis Aki , Heleniak Charlotte , Fields Andrea , Bloom Paul A. , VanTieghem Michelle , Vannucci Anna , Camacho Nicolas L. , Choy Tricia , Gibson Lisa , Harmon Chelsea , Hadis Syntia S. , Douglas Ian J. , Milham Michael P. , Tottenham Nim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly psychosocial adversities exist at many levels, including caregiving-related, extrafamilial, and sociodemographic, which despite their high interrelatedness may have unique impacts on development. In this paper, we focus on caregiving-related early adversities (crEAs) and parse the heterogeneity of crEAs via data reduction techniques that identify experiential cooccurrences. Using network science, we characterized crEA cooccurrences to represent the comorbidity of crEA experiences across a sample of school-age children (n = 258; 6–12 years old) with a history of crEAs. crEA dimensions (variable level) and crEA subtypes (subject level) were identified using parallel factor analysis/principal component analysis and graph-based Louvain community detection. Bagging enhancement with cross-validation provided estimates of robustness. These data-driven dimensions/subtypes showed evidence of stability, transcended traditional sociolegally defined groups, were more homogenous than sociolegally defined groups, and reduced statistical correlations with sociodemographic factors. Finally, random forests showed both unique and common predictive importance of the crEA dimensions/subtypes for childhood mental health symptoms and academic skills. These data-driven outcomes provide additional tools and recommendations for crEA data reduction to inform precision medicine efforts in this area.
In her shoes: Partner reflective functioning promotes family-level resilience to maternal depression
Authors: Goldstein Alison , Borelli Jessica L. , Shai Dana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParental depression has significant implications for family functioning, yet much of the literature does not consider family-level dynamics in investigating individual, parenting and child outcomes. In the current study we apply a new index of couple-level support, partner reflective functioning (RF), or the romantic partner’s ability to consider how the partner’s mental states can guide behavior, to study familial resiliency in the face of prenatal parental depression among first-time parents. We investigate how partner RF buffers the association between prenatal parental depression and outcomes of postnatal parental depression, parenting style, and child effortful control. Maternal and paternal depression were measured in 91 primiparous couples during the sixth month of pregnancy and parental depression, partner RF, parental RF at 6 months postnatally. Outcomes of parental depression, permissive parenting, and children’s effortful control were assessed 24 months postnatally. Results indicate that average and high levels of paternal partner (not parental) RF attenuate risk for maternal postnatal depression, maternal permissive parenting, and deficits in child effortful control. Implications are discussed from a family systems approach.
HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SHRINKING TARGET PROBLEM FOR BETA DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: HUSSAIN MUMTAZ , WANG WEILIANG 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider the two-dimensional shrinking target problem in beta dynamical systems (for general
$\beta>1$
) with general errors of approximation. Let
$f, g$
be two positive continuous functions. For any
$x_0,y_0\in [0,1]$
, define the shrinking target set
$$ \begin{align*}E(T_\beta, f,g):=\left\{(x,y)\in [0,1]^2: \begin{array}{@{}ll@{}} \lvert T_{\beta}^{n}x-x_{0}\rvert <e^{-S_nf(x)}\\[1ex] \lvert T_{\beta}^{n}y-y_{0}\rvert < e^{-S_ng(y)} \end{array} \ {\text{for infinitely many}} \ n\in \mathbb N \right\}, \end{align*} $$
where
$S_nf(x)=\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}f(T_\beta ^jx)$
is the Birkhoff sum. We calculate the Hausdorff dimension of this set and prove that it is the solution to some pressure function. This represents the first result of this kind for the higher-dimensional beta dynamical systems.
Evaluating Seasonal Wildfire Susceptibility and Wildfire Threats to Local Ecosystems in the Largest Forested Area of China
Authors: Tang Xianzhe , Machimura Takashi , Li Jiufeng , Yu Huafei , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of wildfires presents a serious threat to human livelihoods and local ecosystems. The use of machine learning (ML) methods to assess wildfire susceptibility can provide decision support for disaster prevention. However, most current ML‐based wildfire susceptibility assessments overly focus on spatially evaluating the disaster threat, while ignoring the potential threats of wildfires to local ecosystems. This situation makes it difficult to determine seasonal variations in wildfire susceptibility and limits the value of assessment results. We present a framework to assess wildfire susceptibility and wildfire threats seasonally to local ecosystems. The ecosystem service value (ESV) was used as a proxy for the economic value of an ecosystem, the random forest algorithm was used to evaluate wildfire susceptibility, and the Daxinganling region, the largest forested area in China, was selected as the study area, and the dynamic equivalent coefficient factor method was used to calculate the ESV of each cell. Our main findings were as follows: (a) wildfire susceptibility exhibited obvious disparities in terms of spatial distribution across the four seasons; (b) each ecosystem in the study area faced a different magnitude of wildfire disturbance; and (c) the expected ESV loss (USD 10.8 billion) due to wildfires was much higher than the region’s total GDP (USD 2 billion) in 2019. This study was repeatable, and all data required were obtained freely. The methodologies used can be applied directly to other regions. Our study will be of particular interest to developing counties where intensive wildfire monitoring is limited.
The Important Role of Enzyme Adsorbing Capacity of Soil Minerals in Regulating β‐Glucosidase Activity
Authors: Sheng Yizhi , Dong Hailiang , Coffin Ethan , Myrold David , Kleber Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMineral surfaces are known for their ability to adsorb enzymes, but their effects on enzyme activity are not well studied. This study explores the extent to which interaction with primary silicates and secondary minerals affects the activity and longevity of a model soil enzyme β‐glucosidase (BG). The BG activity was correlated with the capacity‐related properties of minerals (controlling space for adsorption), including specific surface area (SSA) and the SSA‐normalized amount of BG adsorption, but not with the functional properties (controlling the mechanisms of adsorption) such as surface charge. BG conformational change is a function of SSA‐normalized amount of adsorption, suggesting that spatially more distributed enzyme molecules would have a higher probability of encounter with the substrate than the congested molecules. The highest decay rate of BG activity was observed in the presence of Mn‐oxide. Our results shed new light on the effect of mineral surface on enzyme activity.
Statistical Study of Seasonal and Solar Activity Dependence of Nighttime MSTIDs Occurrence Using the SuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of Radars
Authors: Hazeyama W. , Nishitani N. , Hori T. , Nakamura T. , Perwitasari S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conduct a statistical analysis on nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Hokkaido East (43.53°N, 143.61°E) high‐frequency (HF) radar data from 2009 to 2019 and the SuperDARN Hokkaido West (43.54°N, 143.61°E) HF radar data from 2016 to 2019. We analyze the line‐of‐sight Doppler velocity data, corresponding to the magnitude of the polarization electric field associated with nighttime MSTIDs. We find that the propagation direction of the nighttime MSTIDs is mainly southwestward and rotates clockwise with progressing local time. In addition, we identify a negative correlation between the nighttime MSTIDs amplitude and the solar F10.7 index. These tendencies can be explained by the Perkins instability, which is considered to be associated with the growth of nighttime MSTIDs. This study is the first to find the solar activity dependence of the polarization electric field fluctuations associated with the nighttime MSTIDs.
Dawn‐Dusk Ion Flow Asymmetry in the Plasma Sheet: Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Versus Distance With Respect to the Neutral Sheet
Authors: Chong Ghai Siung , Pitkänen T. , Hamrin M. , Kullen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the average dawn‐dusk component of the perpendicular plasma flow in the plasma sheet (V⊥) can vary depending on the distance relative to the neutral sheet and the dawn‐dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By). In this study, we combined 33 years of data from the Geotail, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Cluster, and magnetospheric multiscale missions to study the slow (<200 km/s) ion flows perpendicular to the magnetic field. We find that IMF By has a hemispheric dependent influence on both the tail By and tail V⊥. Particularly, the influence is more prominent in the midnight sector (compared to both the pre‐ and post‐midnight sectors) and at distances far from the neutral sheet (compared to the distances close to the neutral sheet). However, at distances close to the neutral sheet, there is an increased dominance of duskward flows which dominates over the systematic influence of IMF By on tail V⊥. Our results indicate that IMF By has a major influence on the magnetic flux transport in the magnetotail, mainly at distances far from the neutral sheet. The influence is weaker at distances close to the neutral sheet.
Impacts of Limited Model Resolution on the Representation of Mountain Wave and Secondary Wave Dynamics in Local and Global Models: 2. Mountain Wave and Secondary Wave Evolutions in the Thermosphere
Authors: Fritts David C. , Lund Adam C. , Lund Thomas S. , Yudin Valery 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA companion paper by Fritts et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1002/2021JD035990 describes the consequences of decreasing horizontal resolution in the description of mountain wave (MW) propagation, breaking, and large‐scale responses over the Southern Andes reaching into the mesosphere. This paper extends that analysis into the thermosphere, where MWs are confined below a critical level, but secondary gravity waves and acoustic waves become prominent and dominate the wave fields at higher altitudes. Like MWs at lower altitudes, the character and responses of secondary waves are strongly dependent on model resolution. MWs readily penetrate above a zonal wind minimum in the upper mesosphere and exhibit responses for varying resolution similar to those at lower altitudes. Both the MW and local mean responses weaken somewhat for resolution varying from 0.5 to 2 km, weaken more significantly for 4‐km resolution, and fail to approximate the high‐resolution results for 8‐km resolution. MW momentum fluxes and induced local mean responses are very different than those in the mesosphere, but exhibit similar variability with coarsening resolution. Secondary gravity waves at larger scales arise due to MW‐induced mean wind decelerations, hence are not highly sensitive to model resolutions of ∼0.5–2 km approximating MW breaking. However, acoustic waves are forced primarily by MW breaking, thus are poorly described at 2‐km resolution and absent at 4‐km resolution. These results reveal the dynamics that can and cannot be explicitly modeled as resolution is coarsened, and may aid in assessing, parameterizing, and/or compensating for the unresolved dynamics and their consequences.
Scenario‐Based Multiobjective Robust Optimization and Decision‐Making Framework for Optimal Operation of a Cascade Hydropower System Under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: Xu Bin , Sun Yu , Huang Xin , Zhong Ping‐an , Zhu Feilin , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Guoqing , Ma Yufei , Lu Qingwen , Wang Han , Guo Le 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForecast errors of multiple information sources of a cascade hydropower system cause risks of water and energy supply in real‐time operation. Mechanisms minimizing multiple risks with budgeted cost under oscillations of multiple forecast uncertainties through robust operation are not yet well‐investigated. This study proposed a multiobjective robust optimization (RO) and decision‐making framework comprising series of models for risk analysis, robust control, and decision making. The risk analysis model identifies and analyzes dependent risks that stem from forecast errors of supply and demand‐side information by Copula functions. A RO model was established for minimizing risk probabilities, vulnerabilities of ecological protection, water and energy supply, as well as revenue loss from energy. Thereafter, a multiattribute decision‐making model was incorporated for determining the compromise solution from competing non‐dominated solutions. The proposed framework was applied to the cascade hydropower system of the Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges project and Gezhouba reservoirs on the Yangtze River, China. The principal findings were as follows. (a) Addressing the singular forecast uncertainty of streamflow is inadequate to obtain robust solutions. (b) In a normal year, RO can reduce the average conditional value‐at‐risk of ecological water shortfall, consumptive water shortfall, and energy shortfall by 25.1%, 35.3%, and 16.5% than that of chance‐constrained programming. (c) Multiple risks are dispersed through risk avoidance and hedging that reduces outflow variance and homogenizes mean outflow, lowering down efficiencies of energy production and water usage as a tradeoff. The proposed model framework could be applied to inform operation of cascade hydropower systems.
Strain Partitioning in the Southern Ryukyu Margin Revealed by Seafloor Geodetic and Seismological Observations
Authors: Chen Horng‐Yue , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Ikuta Ryoya , Tung Hsin , Tang Chi‐Hsien , Ku Chin‐Shang , Su Hsuan‐Han , Jian Pei‐Ru , Ando Masataka , Tsujii Toshiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe southern Ryukyu subduction zone is one of the potential sources for tsunamigenic earthquakes. Despite a great seismic risk, the deformation pattern remains poorly known, primarily due to the absence of seafloor constraints. With GNSS‐acoustic measurements over years, we characterize the convergence rate across this margin growing from 92 mm/yr offshore eastern Taiwan to 123 mm/yr near the Gagua Ridge. The new data suggest the subduction interface is capable of hosting Mw 7.5–8.4 earthquakes. The orientations of seafloor movement and P‐axes in the Nanao Basin are both subnormal to the trench, notably deviate from the direction of plate convergence. By considering the combined effect of plate convergence and backarc rifting, different trends between the forearc convergence, P‐axes, and seafloor movement may indicate some degree of slip‐partitioning. The trench‐parallel component is likely accommodated in part by earthquakes near Taiwan, lower plate deformation, and strike‐slip faults within the accretionary wedge.