bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing mRNA Nanomedicines with Advanced Targeting Functions
Authors: Wang Ji , Cai Lijun , Li Ning , Luo Zhiqiang , Ren Haozhen , Zhang Bing , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The emerging messenger RNA (mRNA) nanomedicines have sprung up for disease treatment. Developing targeted mRNA nanomedicines has become a thrilling research hotspot in recent years, as they can be precisely delivered to specific organs or tissues to enhance efficiency and avoid side effects. Herein, we give a comprehensive review on the latest research progress of mRNA nanomedicines with targeting functions. mRNA and its carriers are first described in detail. Then, mechanisms of passive targeting, endogenous targeting, and active targeting are outlined, with a focus on various biological barriers that mRNA may encounter during in vivo delivery. Next, emphasis is placed on summarizing mRNA-based organ-targeting strategies. Lastly, the advantages and challenges of mRNA nanomedicines in clinical translation are mentioned. This review is expected to inspire researchers in this field and drive further development of mRNA targeting technology.
Urban land use function prediction method based on RF and cellular automaton model
Authors: Song Wenjun , Ling Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To accurately grasp the dynamic changes of urban land use and solve the difficulties and challenges in predicting urban land use functions at present, this study integrates interest point data and open street map data through kernel density estimation technology. Moreover, the study also integrates random forest algorithm and cellular automaton model, and finally proposes a new urban land use function prediction method based on random forest algorithm and cellular automaton model. The experiment results show that the comprehensive precision and Kappa coefficient calculated by the research method reach 81.88% and 0.71, separately, verifying the validity of the way. The prediction results of this method indicate that the number of squares required for road and transportation, industrial land, public services, residential land, green squares, and commercial service land in Hulunbuir City in 2030 is expected to reach 2000, 3889, 2591, 9280, 2696, and 8988, respectively. This provides a scientific basis for future urban planning. To sum up, the method raised by the study has high applicability and accuracy in predicting the distribution pattern of urban functional regions, and has important instructing significance for urban planning, optimal assignment of land resources, and continuous expanding of urbanization.
Construct Validity in Cross-Cultural, Developmental Research: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Wen Nicole J. , Amir Dorsa , Clegg Jennifer M. , Davis Helen E. , Dutra Natalia B. , Kline Michelle A. , Lew-Levy Sheina , MacGillivray Tanya , Pamei Gairan , Wang Yitong , Xu Jing , Rawlings Bruce S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The recent expansion of cross-cultural research in the social sciences has led to increased discourse on methodological issues involved when studying culturally diverse populations. However, discussions have largely overlooked the challenges of construct validity- ensuring instruments are measuring what they are intended to- in diverse cultural contexts, particularly in developmental research. We contend that cross-cultural developmental research poses distinct problems for ensuring high construct validity, owing to the nuances of working with children and that the standard approach of transporting protocols designed and validated in one population to another risks low construct validity. Drawing upon our own and others’ work, we highlight several challenges to construct validity in the field of cross-cultural developmental research, including 1) lack of cultural and contextual knowledge, 2) dissociating developmental and cultural theory and methods, 3) lack of causal frameworks, 4) superficial and short- term partnerships and collaborations, and 5) culturally inappropriate tools and tests. We provide guidelines to address these challenges, including 1) using ethnographic and observational approaches, 2) developing evidence-based causal frameworks, 3) conducting community-engaged and collaborative research, and 4) culture-specific refinements and training. We discuss the need to balance methodological consistency with culture-specific refinements to improve construct validity in cross-cultural developmental research.
An ‘arsenal for the supply of ammunition for the defence of vaccination’: the Jenner Society and anti-anti-vaccinationism in England, 1896–1906
Authors: Newsom Kerr Matthew L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although historians have given close attention to the anti-vaccination movement that gripped late-Victorian England, relatively little scholarship explores how doctors and health officials responded or asks what strategies and assumptions structured how they might oppose the vaccine opponents. This article traces the advent and actions of the Jenner Society, a smallpox vaccination advocacy group founded in 1896 by Dr. Francis Bond. His goal was to publicly confront the leading anti-vaccinationists and to effectively conduct an anti-anti-vaccination campaign. The Jenner Society appeared amidst disputes over how and even whether vaccination should be publicly debated – disputes shaped both by long-standing attitudes toward professional propriety and also by indecision about what sorts of political advocacy were suitable for medical practitioners. Vaccination was shifting toward a more voluntary administration, and the Jenner Society represents how civil society, the popular press, and the modern tools of persuasion were becoming increasingly central to public health governance. The Jenner Society encapsulated the profession’s disdainful attitude toward populist medical dissent, and this essay argues that the tone and deportment of anti-anti-vaccinationism had the effect of encouraging doctors to overlook and neglect other, probably more significant, sources of vaccine skepticism. Preoccupied with rebutting and attacking vaccination’s enemies, public “controversialists” like Bond waged the first true large-scale pro-vaccination propaganda campaign, but they ultimately were unable to address the underlying dynamics of vaccine evasion. This history holds important lessons today for those interested in constructing more effective ways to effectively counteract medical misinformation and anti-vaccinationist beliefs.
The January 6th Insurrection and the Triggering of African Americans’ Racial Resentment
Authors: Davis Darren W. , Wilson David C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The January 6th insurrection and its aftermath of obfuscation and denial were ostensibly racialized events. Under the guise of election fraud, white supremacists, white nationalists, and paramilitary groups attempted to overthrow established democratic procedures to retain a president who stoked racial antagonisms and racial divisions. African Americans, like many American citizens, watched in fear, anxiety, and foreboding as the groups most committed to their repression violently attacked and ransacked the Capitol.
We examine the extent to which the January 6th insurrection and its aftermath of denial and obfuscation influence African Americans’ racial resentment. Our results show how the racialized January 6th events were connected to heightened African American racial resentment. The most compelling result confirms that African Americans’ racial resentment stems from beliefs about justice and fairness.
The Nile and the Yellow River: Comparative Studies between Ancient Egypt and China
Authors: Langer Christian , Zhao Kexin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the evolving landscape of comparative research between ancient Egypt and China, focusing on various aspects such as culture, writing systems, political economy, and motivations behind these comparisons done in China and international environments. Embedded with the historical context, motivations and methodologies of scholars engaged in this comparative endeavour, the authors suggest that such research is linked to modern China's intellectual history and global engagement. It discusses potential motivations, including economic factors, national agenda and interdisciplinary integration. The authors also raise the need for more deliberate theorizations of Egypt–China comparisons, emphasizing the importance of greater reflexivity and inclusivity in shaping the trajectory of comparative studies. Overall, the document sheds light on the complexities, motivations and potential impacts of Egypt–China comparative research, highlighting its relevance in understanding both historical civilizations and contemporary global dynamics.
Radiation‐Belt Dropouts: Relationship With Geomagnetic Storms and MeV Precipitation
Authors: Freund Domenique , Blum Lauren , Huang Jinbei , Vidal‐Luengo Sergio , Bruno Alessandro , Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo better understand rapid radiation belt losses, this statistical study examines dropouts, defined as a phase‐space density (PSD) decrease by a factor of within 8 hr. The relationship between dropouts, storm parameters, solar‐wind drivers, geomagnetic indices, and MeV electron precipitation is analyzed. Four years of data from the Van Allen Probes, measuring electron density, the CALorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station, measuring MeV electron precipitation, and solar‐wind/magnetic indices from the OMNI dataset are utilized. Our investigation reveals that electron loss in PSD increases with disturbance intensity. However, about one‐third of dropouts occur during small geomagnetic disturbance periods, some involving precipitation, while approximately 40% of storms do not lead to dropouts. Superposed epoch analysis identifies solar‐wind density and dynamic pressure as the main dropout drivers, while precipitation becomes more likely with higher trapped electron flux and stronger substorms. Dropouts do not require a negative southward magnetic field component.
Near‐Field Imaging of Near‐Identical Mw5.9 Earthquakes in the Crust of Ibaraki, Japan
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Fukushima Yo , Kaneko Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the physical mechanisms of intraplate earthquakes requires a better understanding of the earthquake cycle and aseismic slip. A potential short‐term repetition of intraplate earthquakes has been documented from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations of two Mw5.9 events in northern Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, which occurred on 19 March 2011 and 28 December 2016. However, our understanding based on surface geodetic measurements remains limited, particularly in terms of spatial resolution at depth. Here, we used the near‐field seismic waveform data to complement InSAR data, thereby improving the spatial resolution of the coseismic slip distributions. First, we confirmed that the aftershocks of both events occurred along a common fault area. We then conducted a joint inversion that successfully reconciled near‐identical surface displacements with the different seismic waveforms. Our results indicate that while the 2011 event mainly ruptured just updip of the hypocenter at 6 km depth, the 2016 rupture initiated deeper, at 10 km, and propagated to the shallow, northern side, causing large slip near the 2011 rupture area. The slip distributions of two events were complementary in the deeper portion (3 < z < 6 km), whereas those on the shallower side (z < 3 km) largely overlapped, resulting in nearly identical surface displacements. Small earthquakes rarely occur shallower than 3 km, suggesting that this shallow segment releases accumulated strain aseismically. The two events repeatedly triggered seismic slip on this typically aseismic shallow segment, possibly due to dynamic stress changes.
Evidence of Stress Control on Dissolution Cavity Growth Along Heterogeneous Field‐Scale Fractures From Coupled Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical Modeling
Authors: Jiang Chuanyin , Wang Xiaoguang , Lei Qinghua , Liu Lijun , Song Guofeng , Jourde Hervé 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe develop a new coupled hydro‐mechanical‐chemical (HMC) model to investigate the stress‐controlled evolution of dissolution cavities along a hectometer‐scale heterogeneous fracture. The fracture is conceptualized to consist of numerous patches associated with spatially‐variable, stress and dissolution‐dependent local stiffnesses and apertures. We consider the complete coupling relationships among mechanical deformation, fluid flow, and chemical dissolution within the fracture. More specifically, our model captures non‐linear fracture deformational responses and their consequences on localized flow pattern and dissolutional aperture growth, as well as the feedback of dissolution to mechanical weakening and stress redistribution. We elucidate how geomechanical processes affect the aperture and flow patterns and the formation of small to large dissolution cavities. Our simulation results show that stress retards the permeability increase with the extent of retardation positively related to a dimensionless penetration length lp′. Stress induces the splitting of the dissolution front, promoting localized flow and branched dissolution. At low lp′ (wormhole dissolution regime), stress also promotes the sustained growth of dissolution branches. Hence, there is no apparent increase in global flow heterogeneity. At high lp′, stress transitions the system from uniform dissolution into wormhole formation. Wormholes initiate from remote stiffer regions and converge toward the inlet. Our results have important implications for understanding various dissolution phenomena in subsurface fractured rocks, ranging from karstification to reservoir acidization.
Synoptic Drivers and Moisture Sources of Snowfall in Coastal Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Hofsteenge M. G. , Cullen N. J. , Sodemann H. , Katurji M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSnowfall is an important component of the mass balance of ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica. In coastal Victoria Land (VL), changes to snowfall can impact ice masses, landscapes, and coastal ecosystems. Coastal VL is characterized by strong gradients in snowfall rates between the polar desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the high accumulation in northern VL. Extreme precipitation events significantly contribute to total precipitation, with the largest contribution in the Terra Nova Bay area. We present a comprehensive analysis of snowfall dynamics in this region, using a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic to study moisture sources and Self‐Organizing Maps (SOM) to link these to different synoptic weather types. The moisture for snowfall in VL originates from the Southern Ocean, with more local sources in the Ross Sea embayment in summer when sea ice is reduced. We show a strong division in moisture sources between northern and southern VL, with the north receiving precipitation from moisture sources to the west and southern VL from the east. Precipitation in northern VL results from meridional transport of marine air from lower latitudes, while precipitation in southern VL is related to cyclonic disturbances in the Ross Sea that bring moisture from the east. Extreme precipitation in northern VL occurs during blocking highs that intensify meridional transport. Such intrusions of marine air, sometimes in the form of atmospheric rivers, do not impact the more isolated western Ross Ice Shelf and southern VL further in the Ross Sea embayment.
3D imaging reveals changes in the neurovascular architecture of the murine calvarium with aging
Authors: Horenberg Allison L. , Ren Yunke , Zeng Eric Z. , Rindone Alexandra N. , Pathak Arvind P. , Grayson Warren L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Calvarial nerves, along with vasculature, influence skull formation during development and following injury, but it remains unclear how calvarial nerves are spatially distributed during postnatal growth and aging. Studying the spatial distribution of nerves in the skull remains a challenge due to a lack of methods to quantify 3D structures in intact bone. To visualize calvarial 3D neurovascular architecture, we imaged nerves and endothelial cells with lightsheet microscopy. We employed machine-learning-based segmentation to facilitate high-resolution characterization from post-natal day 0 (P0) to 80 weeks. We found that TUBB3+ nerve density decreased with aging with the frontal bone demonstrating earlier onset age-related nerve loss than the parietal bone. In addition, nerves in the periosteum and dura mater exhibited similar yet distinct temporal patterns of nerve growth and loss. While no difference was observed in TUBB3+ nerves during skeletal maturation (P0 → 12 weeks), we did observe an increase in the volume of unmyelinated nerves in the dura mater. Regarding calvarial vasculature, larger CD31hiEmcn- vessel fraction increased with aging, while CD31hiEmcnhi vessel fraction was reduced. Throughout all ages, calvarial nerves maintained a preferential spatial association with CD31hiEmcnhi vessels, however, this association decreased with aging. Additionally, we used a model of Apert syndrome to explore the impact of suture-related disease on neurovascular architecture. Collectively, this 3D, spatiotemporal characterization of calvarial nerves throughout the lifespan and provides new insights into age-induced neurovascular architecture.
Spotting false news and doubting true news: a systematic review and meta-analysis of news judgements
Authors: Pfänder Jan , Altay Sacha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How good are people at judging the veracity of news? We conducted a systematic literature review and pre-registered meta-analysis of 303 effect sizes from 67 experimental articles evaluating accuracy ratings of true and fact-checked false news (N
Participants = 194,438 from 40 countries across 6 continents). We found that people rated true news as more accurate than false news (Cohen’s d = 1.12 [1.01, 1.22]) and were better at rating false news as false than at rating true news as true (Cohen’s d = 0.32 [0.24, 0.39]). In other words, participants were able to discern true from false news and erred on the side of skepticism rather than credulity. We found no evidence that the political concordance of the news had an effect on discernment, but participants were more skeptical of politically discordant news (Cohen’s d = 0.78 [0.62, 0.94]). These findings lend support to crowdsourced fact-checking initiatives and suggest that, to improve discernment, there is more room to increase the acceptance of true news than to reduce the acceptance of fact-checked false news.
Structural insights into how DEK nucleosome binding facilitates H3K27 trimethylation in chromatin
Authors: Kujirai Tomoya , Echigoya Kenta , Kishi Yusuke , Saeki Mai , Ito Tomoko , Kato Junko , Negishi Lumi , Kimura Hiroshi , Masumoto Hiroshi , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Gotoh Yukiko , Kurumizaka Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Structural diversity of the nucleosome affects chromatin conformations and regulates eukaryotic genome functions. Here we identify DEK, whose function is unknown, as a nucleosome-binding protein. In embryonic neural progenitor cells, DEK colocalizes with H3 K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), the facultative heterochromatin mark. DEK stimulates the methyltransferase activity of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is responsible for H3K27me3 deposition in vitro. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the DEK–nucleosome complexes reveal that DEK binds the nucleosome by its tripartite DNA-binding mode on the dyad and linker DNAs and interacts with the nucleosomal acidic patch by its newly identified histone-binding region. The DEK–nucleosome interaction mediates linker DNA reorientation and induces chromatin compaction, which may facilitate PRC2 activation. These findings provide mechanistic insights into chromatin structure-mediated gene regulation by DEK.
Cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer with thin film based on Vernier effect
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Qiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Vernier effect is often utilized to boost the sensing ability of optical fiber sensors. In this paper, theoretical model of cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with thin film based on Vernier effect is established. The sensitivities of the envelope spectra, thin film cavity and mixed cavity of air-thin film are analyzed qualitatively. According to the theoretical analysis, although sensitivity from mixed cavity of air-thin film is amplified, the value is equal to the sensitivity of sing thin film cavity. Experimental verification is carried out by an example of thin film named polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. Herein, a new FPI constructed by air cavity from a hollow-core fiber, PDMS cavity, and air-PDMS mixed cavity is proposed and demonstrated. In order to facilitate the generation of the Vernier effect, the length of the PDMS cavity is intentionally designed shorter than the air cavity, making the free spectral range of the air-PDMS cavity and air cavity is approximately equal. The temperature change makes the refractive index and thermal expansion of PDMS change, while gas pressure change results in elastic deformation of PDMS. The Vernier envelope wavelength shifts with the temperature and gas pressure change. The proposed FPI features high temperature and gas pressure sensitivities of 3.07 nm/℃, and 23.07 nm/MPa, and a high magnification factor of 17 when the lengths of HCF and PDMS are 82.5 and 3.7 μm, respectively. The experimental results show that the temperature and pressure sensitivities of the cascaded FPI’s envelope spectra are equal to the sensitivity of a single thin film microcavity, and the theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the experimental verification. The theoretical model is also applicable to thin film prepared by other polymer materials. Additionally, the proposed FPI has good stability, reversibility, and repeatability, which is a good choice in the field of optical fiber sensing.
Evaluating Driver Readiness in Conditionally Automated Vehicles From Eye‐Tracking Data and Head Pose
Authors: Kazemi Mostafa , Rezaei Mahdi , Azarmi Mohsen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs automated driving technology advances, the role of the driver to resume control of the vehicle in conditionally automated vehicles becomes increasingly critical. In the SAE level 3 or partly automated vehicles, the driver needs to be available and ready to intervene when necessary. This makes it essential to evaluate their readiness accurately. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of driver readiness assessment by combining head pose features and eye‐tracking data. The study explores the effectiveness of predictive models in evaluating driver readiness, addressing the challenges of dataset limitations and limited ground truth labels. Machine learning techniques, including LSTM architectures, are utilised to model driver readiness based on the spatio‐temporal status of the driver's head pose and eye gaze. The experiments in this article revealed that a bidirectional LSTM architecture, combining both feature sets, achieves a mean absolute error of 0.363 on the DMD dataset, demonstrating superior performance in assessing driver readiness. The modular architecture of the proposed model also allows the integration of additional driver‐specific features, such as steering wheel activity, enhancing its adaptability and real‐world applicability.