bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Bayesian Atmospheric Retrieval Modeling for Population Studies of Exoplanet Atmospheres: A Case Study on the Habitable Zone
Authors: Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Sotzen Kristin S. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Luger Rodrigo , May Erin M. , Mayorga L. C. , Mandt Kathleen , Izenberg Noam R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the growing number of spectroscopic observations and observational platforms capable of exoplanet atmospheric characterization, there is a growing need for analysis techniques that can distill information about a large population of exoplanets into a coherent picture of atmospheric trends expressed within the statistical sample. In this work, we develop a Hierarchical Bayesian Atmospheric Retrieval (HBAR) model to infer population-level trends in exoplanet atmospheric characteristics. We demonstrate HBAR on the case of inferring a trend in atmospheric CO2 with incident stellar flux, predicted by the presence of a functioning carbonate–silicate weathering negative feedback cycle, an assumption upon which all calculations of the habitable zone (HZ) rest. Using simulated transmission spectra and JWST-quality observations of rocky planets with H2O, CO2, and N2 bearing atmospheres, we find that the predicted trend in CO2 causes subtle differences in the spectra of order 10 ppm in the 1–5 μm range, underscoring the challenge inherent to testing this hypothesis. In the limit of highly precise data (100 stacked transits per planet), we show that our HBAR model is capable of inferring the population-level parameters that characterize the trend in CO2, and we demonstrate that the null hypothesis and other simpler trends can be rejected at high confidence. Although we find that this specific empirical test of the HZ may be prohibitively challenging in the JWST era, the HBAR framework developed in this work may find a more immediate usage for the analysis of gas giant spectra observed with JWST, Ariel, and other upcoming missions.
Relationships between Stellar Velocity Dispersion and the Atmospheres of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Frisbie Rachel L. S. , Donahue Megan , Voit G. Mark , Lakhchaura Kiran , Werner Norbert , Sun Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Voit et al. black hole feedback valve model predicts relationships between stellar velocity dispersion and atmospheric structure among massive early-type galaxies. In this work, we test that model using the Chandra archival sample of 49 early-type galaxies from Lakhchaura et al. We consider relationships between stellar velocity dispersion and entropy profile slope, multiphase gas extent, and the ratio of cooling time to freefall time. We also define subsamples based on data quality and entropy profile properties that clarify those relationships and enable more specific tests of the model predictions. We find that the atmospheric properties of early-type galaxies generally align with the predictions of the Voit et al. model, in that galaxies with a greater stellar velocity dispersion tend to have radial profiles of pressure, gas density, and entropy with steeper slopes and less extended multiphase gas. Quantitative agreement with the model predictions improves when the sample is restricted to have low central entropy and a stellar velocity dispersion of between 220 and 300 km s−1.
Probing Hot Gas Components of the Circumgalactic Medium in Cosmological Simulations with the Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect
Authors: Kim Junhan , Golwala Sunil , Bartlett James G. , Amodeo Stefania , Battaglia Nicholas , Benson Andrew J. , Hill J. Colin , Hopkins Philip F. , Hummels Cameron B. , Moser Emily , Orr Matthew E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect is a powerful tool with the potential for constraining directly the properties of the hot gas that dominates dark matter halos because it measures pressure and thus thermal energy density. Studying this hot component of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is important because it is strongly impacted by star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in galaxies, participating in the feedback loop that regulates star and black hole mass growth in galaxies. We study the tSZ effect across a wide halo-mass range using three cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: Illustris-TNG, EAGLE, and FIRE-2. Specifically, we present the scaling relation between the tSZ signal and halo mass and the (mass-weighted) radial profiles of gas density, temperature, and pressure for all three simulations. The analysis includes comparisons to Planck tSZ observations and to the thermal pressure profile inferred from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) measurements. We compare these tSZ data to simulations to interpret the measurements in terms of feedback and accretion processes in the CGM. We also identify as-yet unobserved potential signatures of these processes that may be visible in future measurements, which will have the capability of measuring tSZ signals to even lower masses. We also perform internal comparisons between runs with different physical assumptions. We conclude (1) there is strong evidence for the impact of feedback at R
500, but that this impact decreases by 5R
500, and (2) the thermodynamic profiles of the CGM are highly dependent on the implemented model, such as cosmic-ray or AGN feedback prescriptions.
FOSSIL. II. The Rotation Periods of Small-sized Hilda Asteroids
Authors: Chang 章 Chan-Kao 展誥 , Chen 陳 Ying-Tung 英同 , Fraser Wesley C. , Lehner Matthew J. , Wang 王 Shiang-Yu 祥宇 , Alexandersen Mike , Choi 최 Young-Jun 영준 , Granados Contreras A. Paula , Ito 伊藤 Takashi 孝士 , JeongAhn 정안 Youngmin 영민 , Ji 季 Jianghui 江徽 , Kavelaars J. J. , Kim 김 Myung-Jin 명진 , Lawler Samantha M. , Li 黎 Jian 健 , Lin 林 Zhong-Yi 忠義 , Lykawka Patryk Sofia , Moon 문 Hong-Kyu 홍규 , More Surhud , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Marco , Ohtsuki 大槻 Keiji 圭史 , Pike Rosemary E. , Terai Tsuyoshi , Urakawa 浦川 Seitaro 聖太郎 , Yoshida 吉田 Fumi 二美 , Zhang Hui , Zhao 赵 Haibin 海斌 , Zhou 周 Ji-Lin 济林 ,   (The FOSSIL Collaboration)
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using the high-cadence lightcurves collected from the FOSSIL survey, rotation periods of 17 small (diameter 1 km < D < 3 km) Hilda asteroids (hereinafter Hildas) were obtained. Combined with the previously measured rotation periods of Hildas, a spin-rate limit appears at around 3 hr. Assuming rubble-pile structures for the Hildas, a bulk density of ∼1.5 g cm−3 is required to withstand this spin-rate limit. This value is similar to that of the C-type asteroids (1.33 g cm−3) and higher than the ∼1 g cm−3 bulk density of the Jupiter Trojans. This suggests that the Hildas population may contain more C-type asteroids than expected, and the limit at 3 hr simply reflects the spin-rate limit for C-type asteroids. In addition, a Hilda superfast rotator was found, which has a rotation period of 1.633 hr and an estimated diameter of 0.7 km. This object is unlikely to be explained by a rubble-pile or monolithic structure.
Biases in Estimates of Black Hole Kicks from the Spin Distribution of Binary Black Holes
Authors: Stevenson Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A population of more than 50 binary black hole mergers has now been observed by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories. While neutron stars are known to have large velocities associated with impulsive kicks imparted to them at birth in supernovae, whether black holes receive similar kicks, and of what magnitude, remains an open question. Recently, Callister et al. analyzed the binary black hole population under the hypothesis that they were all formed through isolated binary evolution and claimed that large black hole kicks (greater than 260 km s−1 at 99% confidence) were required for the spin distribution of merging binary black holes to match observations. Here we highlight that a key assumption made by Callister et al.—that all secondary black holes can be tidally spun up—is not motivated by physical models and may lead to a bias in their estimate of the magnitudes of black hole kicks. We make only minor changes to the Callister et al. model, accounting for a population of wider merging binaries where tidal synchronization is ineffective. We show that this naturally produces a bimodal spin distribution for secondary black holes and that the spin–orbit misalignments observed in the binary black hole population can be explained by more typical black hole kicks of order 100 km s−1, consistent with kicks inferred from Galactic X-ray binaries containing black holes. We conclude that the majority of the binary black hole population is consistent with forming through isolated binary evolution.
SARS-CoV-2 Gene Expression as a Prognosis Predictor for COVID-19
Authors: Yuniarti Lelly , Haerudin Heru , Triyani Yani , Garna Herry , Dirgavarisya Gibran Bramasta , Fernanda Dika Rifky , Ramandhita Adila Putri , Karima Huriynazzahra , Resa Neng , Tejasari Maya 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Real time quantitative PCR is the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 which is specific, sensitive, and simple quantitative. The target of RT-qPCR is to assess the expression level of the SARS-CoV-2 gene through cycle threshold values (CT-value). The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of the level of SARS-CoV-2 gene expression and the severity of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized. Method: This research is an analytic observational study with cross sectional method. While the research sample was taken using a consecutive sampling technique from the Medical Records of Sumedang Hospital and Cideres Hospital, West Java, Indonesia from December 2020 to March 2021. Patient parameters include analysis of age, sex, comorbidity, and disease severity. The severity of the patient is classified based on complaints and oxygen saturation. The expression level of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene and E gene were assessed by calculating the relative quantification by comparing the expression of the E and N gene with the expression of the internal control gene by Livak formula (2-ΔΔCT Formula). Result: The Spearman correlation test showed that there was a relationship between the expression of SARS-CoV-2 genes E and N genes with the severity of COVID-19 patients (with r=0.374 and p<0.0001) and (with r=0.452 and p<0.0001). Conclusions: There is an correlation between the level of expression of genes E and gene N with the severity of patients.
The Relationship between Neuroticism, Emotion Regulation, and Academic Stress with Depression Symptoms in Indonesian Medical Student
Authors: Valencia Janice , Christian Frikson 
Published: February 2022

Background : Individuals who are depressed based on the Global Burden of Disease have 264 million in the world. In college students, the symptoms of depression that appear are decreased academic performance and health problems, leading to suicide. The causes of depression based on the COR theory, when individuals lose resources (academic), with high Neuroticism and difficulty regulating emotions cause individuals to be unable to adapt, thereby strengthening their depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the relationship between Neuroticism, academic stress, and emotional regulation simultaneously with symptoms of depression in medical students. Methods: This study used the CES-D scale for depressive symptoms, Neuroticism using the BFI-II neuroticism scale, emotion regulation using the DERS scale, and academic stress using the PAS scale. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression or multiple regression calculations. Result : This study obtained a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.808, an F value of 83,800, and p < 0.05. Neuroticism, emotion regulation, and academic stress effectively contributed 65.2%, and 34.8% influenced other factors. Other factors can be closeness in family, health, loyal friends, and hope. Conclusion : there was a relationship between Neuroticism, emotional regulation, and academic stress with symptoms of depression in medical students.
Marginal Adaptation and Depth of Cure of Flowable versus Packable Bulk-fill Restorative Materials: An In Vitro StudyMarginal Adaptation and Depth of Cure of Flowable versus Packable Bulk-fill Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Abdelwahed Ahmed Gamal , Essam Shereen , Abdelaziz Monaliza M. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To investigate the marginal adaptation and depth of cure of a flowable bulk-fill giomer (BEAUTIFIL Flow Plus X [BFP]), a flowable bulk-fill resin composite (PALFIQUE BULK FLOW [PBF]) bulk-fill resin composite, a packable bulk-fill giomer (BEAUTIFL-Bulk Restorative [BBR]), and two packable bulk-fill resin composites (X-tra fil [XF]) and (Filtek™ One Bulk Fill Restorative [FOB]).
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five standardized class II cavities were prepared in the occlusomesial surfaces of maxillary premolars. A self-etching dental adhesive was used. All restorative materials were applied, and light cured according to their manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were subjected to 2500 thermal cycles between 5° C and 55° C. Epoxy resin replicas were obtained to examine the marginal by calculating the percentage of the continuous margin over the total margin length. using SEM at 200× magnification. For assessing the depth of cure, fifty specimens with 4 mm height were prepared. Vickers microhardness testing was used to assess the depth of cure was calculating the bottom-to-top ratio of each specimen. If this ratio reaches 0.80 or more, an adequate depth of cure is achieved.
Results: Regarding marginal adaptation, there was no significant difference between different groups before (p=0.398) and after (p=0.644) thermocycling. Within all groups, there was a significant decrease in marginal adaptation after thermocycling (p<0.001). Regarding the depth of cure, all restorative materials achieved the required 0.8 bottom-to-top ratio. There was a significant difference between different groups (p<0.001). The highest value was found in BFP group (0.97±0.02), while the lowest value was found in BBR group (0.81±0.11).
Conclusions: The marginal adaptation and depth of cure of bulk-fill giomer restorative materials are acceptable. Therefore, their use in restoration of 4-mm deep class II cavities is appealing.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abrol Deepak , Chandel Rajesh Kumar , Ali Mustafa , Bhagat Shaveta , Sharma Vimal Kumar 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally impacted not only physical wellbeing but also the mental aspects in a far more extensive manner. The prevalence of psychological issues in cancer patients is much higher than in the general population, and the same has been impacted more during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of cancer patients with no prior history of any form of mental disease.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study of both inpatients and outpatients undergoing treatment and follow-up for different forms of cancer was conducted, and patients were assessed for perceived risk, anxiety, and depression.

Results:
Among the total of 150 participants, 31.8% of patients reported fear and concern. The major concern was regarding fear of treatment delay and fear of getting lonely. Over the prevalence of anxiety disorder with a cut-off score of ≥10 based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Depression Health Questionnaire-9 were 34% and 24%, respectively. Patient with female gender, married, being treated for ovarian cancer and who does not have metastatic changes were more anxious. Depressive symptoms were more in female patients, those who are married, and in the group with treatment delay due to COVID-19.

Conclusion:
There is urgent need for psychological intervention among cancer patients as there is an increase in mental health problems in this special group due to COVID-19 pandemic.
The Certification Question
Authors: Pace Chelsea 
Published: February 2022

In lieu of an abstract, here is an excerpt:

While the formalized discipline of intimacy work may be newer, the work itself has been happening in formal and informal ways for centuries. A number of intimacy training organizations have popped up around the world to meet the growing demand for qualified intimacy professionals and broader consent education. Theatrical Intimacy Education was founded, in part, to help meet that need.
All of these organizations have slightly different approaches to intimacy work, organizational structures, and visions for what the intimacy field should be. Those differences are cultural, philosophical, and practical. Diversity of approaches is a good thing for everyone and I genuinely believe that all of the intimacy organizations are doing what they think is best to make the industries we work in a better place.
The people leading the field are always leveraging power, for better or for worse, and I think we need to be deeply critical about the systems we intentionally or inadvertently introduce or perpetuate. I think the choice to introduce or perpetuate certification and certification-style systems in intimacy work is a major error that is undermining the good work the field is trying to do.
Risk factors for some non-communicable health conditions in zoo workers in Pinnawela elephant orphanage, Sri Lanka
Authors: Weththewa Weththewa Kankanamge Sanuka Malshitha , Madduma Liyanage Malith Eranda , Munasinghe Bandaranayake Liyanarachchige Dushyanthi Renuka , Prasad Malinga Lekamge , Ashoka Dangolla 
Published: February 2022

A medical clinic to examine the risk factors for some non-communicable disease (NCD)s was held for zoo workers with permission from the management within Pinnawela elephant orphanage (PEO). Resulting information was compared between those who work with (E) and those do not work closely with elephants (NE). The medical staff comprised of 3 doctors, 3 nurses 2 attendants and 2 laborers. A questionnaire was administered as and when each participant zoo worker was examined. Those with health issues requiring further medical attention were referred to the general hospital 8km away. A total work force in PEO is around 90 and 82 of them participated in the clinic, 22 were from E while 60 were from NE group. Overall body mass index (BMI) of participants indicated 4 participants to be obese, 36 to be overweight and 3 to be underweight, most of them from NE group. Altogether, 18(18/78) had elevated systolic blood pressure out of which 14 (14/82) were from NE. A total of 6 had elevated diastolic blood pressure out of which 5 were from NE group. Vision and hearing appeared not to be serious issues. Alcohol consumption and regular smoking were frequently observed among the NE group. Only one from E and 8 from NE reported some chronic health condition in them. Overall, 74 workers were not found to be having any of the chronic conditions listed (73/82= 91%) out of which vast majority (n=20) were from E group. Food habits, regular exercise and perhaps social aspects may have contributed to the findings. The E group was apparently healthier compared to those in NE perhaps due to their constant exposure to work related regular exercise. Rapid attention must be paid towards NCD situation in zoo workers, if the work force must be maintained healthy.
Hubungan Status Gizi Ibu Nifas Dengan Penyembuhan Luka Perineum
Authors: Sinaga Ribur , Sinaga Kamelia , Simanjuntak Parningotan , Damanik Nopalina S 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Kejadian ruptur perineum pada ibu bersalin di dunia pada tahun 2015 terdapat 2,7 juta kasus, dimana angka ini diperkirakan akan mencapai 6,3 juta pada tahun 2050.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan pemulihan luka perineum. Metode:Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Bagan Asahan Kec. Bagan Asahan Kab. Asahan dengan jumlah sampel 15 orang dan diambil secara Total Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Cgi-square. Hasil:Hubungan antara vaiabel dikatakan bermakna jika p-value < 0,05.Dengan menggunakan metode pengukuran LILA dan IMT dperoleh hasil hampir semua ibu nifas memiliki status gizi yang baik (87,6%) dan luka perineumnya mengalami pemulihan. Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi ibu nifas dengan pemulihan luka perineum (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara hubungan status gizi dan pemulihan luka perineum. Saran:Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan yang lebih banyak kepada ibu nifas mengenai pemenuhan zat gizi selama masa nifas agar mempercepat pemulihan status gizi.
Background: The incidence of perineal rupture in childbirth in the world in 2015 there were 2.7 million cases, where this figure is estimated to reach 6.3 million in 2050. Objective: To determine the relationship between nutritional status and perineal wound recovery. Methods: This study used a cross sectional study design. The research was conducted at the Bagan Asahan Health Center, Kec. District Asahan Chart. Asahan with a sample of 15 people and taken by Total Sampling. Data analysis using Cgi-square test. Result: The relationship between variables is said to be significant if the p-value <0.05. By using the LILA and BMI measurement methods, almost all postpartum mothers have good nutritional status (87.6%) and their perineal wounds have recovered. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of postpartum mothers with perineal wound recovery (p<0.05). There is a relationship between nutritional status and perineal wound recovery. Suggestion: It is hoped that health workers can provide more health education to postpartum mothers regarding the fulfillment of nutrients during the postpartum period in order to accelerate the recovery of nutritional status.
Pengaruh Aroma Terapi Mawar Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Bersalin Kala I
Authors: Simanullang Ester , Linda Linda , Sinaga Kamelia 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Kecemasan bersalin merupakan penyebab kematian Ibu dan Bayi. Kecemasan bersalin dapat dikurangi dengan beberapa terapi penurunan kecemasan yaitu terapi farmakologi dan nonfarmakologi. Salah satu solusi penurunan kecemasan masa bersalin adalah aroma terapi mawar.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengruh aromaterapi mawar terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada ibu persalinan kala I. Metode: . Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan rancangan non equivalent control group yang menggunakan kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok control sebanyak 30 orang ibu bersalin, tehnik pengambilan data random sampling waktu penelitian April-Mei 2021 dan analisis untuk komparatif menarik berpasangan dua kelompok adalah Uji T berpasangan. Hasil: Adanya pengaruh aroma terapi mawar terhadap kecemasan ibu bersalin Kala I sebelum dan sesudah terapi aroma mawar P value (0.000) < α (0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh aroma terapi mawar terhadap kecemasan ibu bersalin Kala I.
Background: Maternity anxiety is a cause of maternal and infant mortality. Maternity anxiety can be reduced by several anxiety-reducing therapies, namely pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One solution to reduce anxiety during childbirth is aromatherapy roses. Objective: To determine the effect of aromatherapy roses on anxiety levels in the first stage of labor. Method:This study uses a non-equivalent control group design approach that uses a treatment group and a control group of 30 maternity mothers, the technique of data collection is random sampling during the April-May 2021 study and the analysis for comparatively interesting pairs of two groups is the paired T-test. Result: The effect of rose aroma therapy on maternal anxiety in the first stage before and after rose aroma therapy P value (0.000) < (0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of rose aroma therapy on the anxiety of maternity mothers in fisrt stage.