bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comprehensive on-demand 3D bio-printing for composite reconstruction of mandibular defects
Authors: Park Han Ick , Lee Jee-Ho , Lee Sang Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The mandible is a functional bio-organ that supports facial structures and helps mastication and speaking. Large mandible defects, generally greater than 6-cm segment loss, may require composite tissue reconstruction such as osteocutaneous-vascularized free flap which has a limitation of additional surgery and a functional morbidity at the donor site. A 3D bio-printing technology is recently developed to overcome the limitation in the composite reconstruction of the mandible using osteocutaneous-vascularized free flap.

Review
Scaffold, cells, and bioactive molecules are essential for a 3D bio-printing. For mandibular reconstruction, materials in a 3D bio-printing require mechanical strength, resilience, and biocompatibility. Recently, an integrated tissue and organ printing system with multiple cartridges are designed and it is capable of printing polymers to reinforce the printed structure, such as hydrogel.

Conclusion
For successful composite tissue reconstruction of the mandible, biologic considerations and components should be presented with a comprehensive on-demand online platform model of customized approaches.
Knowledge of obstetrician and family medicine doctors in Saudi Arabia about women with epilepsy
Authors: Al Anazi Riyam F. , Atef Gehan M. , Alhafean Kholod M. , Al Sharif Roaa A. , Al-Attas Alawi A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Women have a slightly lower prevalence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures than men; however, women with epilepsy have several exceptional dilemmas, including the use of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) in addition to the effects of ASMs on sexual function, contraception, pregnancy, childbirth, congenital fetal malformations, and breastfeeding. This study assessed the knowledge of obstetricians and family medicine physicians about relevant topics and concerns of women with epilepsy (WWE) in Saudi Arabia.

Results
Out of 108 participants recruited for the study, the largest percentage (62%) was residents, while 17.6% were consultants and the remaining 20.4% were specialists or fellows. In terms of specialty, 61.1% of the participants were obstetricians, while the remaining 38.9% were family medicine physicians. The participants showed varied levels of knowledge about important health issues ranging from 71.3% (ASMs and breastfeeding) to 11.5% (percent of children at risk for major birth defects) for WWE. Knowledge scores of health issues for WWE were significantly higher among obstetricians compared to family medicine physicians (6.16 ± 2.75 vs. 4.29 ± 1.95; p < 0.001). Similarly, scores were significantly higher among consultants/fellows compared to residents/specialists (7.27 ± 1.62 vs. 4.65 ± 2.56; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Inadequate knowledge about several vital WWE issues was observed, particularly the hormonal influence of estrogen and progesterone on the control of convulsions, high likelihood of osteomalacia among WWE, and high rate of sexual dysfunction among them. This insufficient knowledge among healthcare providers could negatively influence epilepsy-related counseling for WWE.
Safety and efficacy of the VenaTech™ Retrievable inferior vena cava filter: a first-in-man single-center prospective study
Authors: Déan Carole , Kim Young Il , Sanchez Olivier , Martelli Nicolas , Sapoval Marc , Pellerin Oliver 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent condition worldwide, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Though its primary treatment is anticoagulation, the placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is recommended in patients with some comorbidities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the Venatech® retrievable IVC filter. This open-label prospective single-center study was conducted on 40 consecutive patients requiring temporary or permanent IVC filtration. Patient characteristics, technical success rates of filter placement and removal, and the occurrence of complications were assessed. Follow-up imaging was performed using CT-scan before retrieval or at 6 months in the permanent indication population.

Results
The filter was successfully implanted at the intended location in all the patients. Retrieval was attempted in 21 (52.5%) patients after a mean period of 50 days (range: 6–94 days), and the filter was successfully removed in 18 patients (85.7%). Reason for retrieval failure was filter with trapped thrombus (n = 2) and a > 15° tilt (n = 1). No complication was observed during the filter placement and retrieval. Follow-up imaging available in 30 patients (75%) demonstrated deep filter penetration (> 3 mm) in four patients (13.3%), severe filter tilt (> 15o) in five patients (16.7%), filter with trapped thrombus in three patients (10%), but no fracture or IVC thrombosis.

Conclusion
This prospective study showed encouraging preliminary results of the safety and efficacy of the Venatech® retrievable IVC filter. The filter was easily delivered in the intended position and successfully removed in a high percentage of patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02674672
Valet attack on privacy: a cybersecurity threat in automotive Bluetooth infotainment systems
Authors: Renganathan Vishnu , Yurtsever Ekim , Ahmed Qadeer , Yener Aylin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern automobiles are equipped with connectivity features to enhance the user’s comfort. Bluetooth is one such communication technology that is used to pair a personal device with an automotive infotainment unit. Upon pairing, the user could access the personal information on the phone through the automotive head unit with minimum distraction while driving. However, such connectivity introduces a possibility for privacy attacks. Hence, performing an in-depth analysis of the system with privacy constraints is extremely important to prevent unauthorized access to personal information. In this work, we perform a systematic analysis of the Bluetooth network of an automotive infotainment unit to exploit security and privacy-related vulnerabilities. We model the identified threat with respect to privacy constraints of the system, emphasize the severity of attacks through a standardized rating metric and then provide potential countermeasures to prevent the attack. We perform System Theoretic Process Analysis for Privacy as a part of the systematic analysis and use the Common Vulnerability Scoring System to derive attack severity. The identified vulnerabilities are due to design flaws and assumptions on Bluetooth protocol implementation on automotive infotainment systems. We then elicit the vulnerability by performing a privacy attack on the Automotive system in an actual vehicle. We use Android Open-Source Project to report our findings and propose defense strategies.
Measurement variability in two-dimensional shear wave elastography (SWE) of common carotid artery (CCA)
Authors: Almutairi Fahad F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, vascular shear wave elastography (SWE) applications have gained the interest and shown potential clinical value. However, there is limited evidence about the variability in Young’s modulus (YM) estimates. The purpose of this study was to quantify sources of variability associated with SWE measurements in common carotid artery (CCA).

Results
Mean YM of both anterior proximal and distal region of interest (ROIs) of the right CCA was significantly different (61 kPa vs 55.6 kPa; p < 0.001). Mean YM of anterior and posterior proximal and distal ROIs of the left side was significantly different (58.9 kPa vs 52.4 kPa; p < 0.001). Mean YM of right anterior and posterior proximal and distal ROIs was significantly different (58.3 kPa vs 51 kPa; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
US SWE was able to assess YM in CCAs although YM measurements were highly variable. The difference between YM between anterior and posterior walls is attributed to an artifact of the SWE technique that has not previously been reported and requires further investigation.
Tree diversity and regeneration status in the different forest types of Kotla watershed (Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, India)
Authors: Rana Krishan Pal Singh Rana , Koshal Avadhesh Kumar Koshal , Bajpai Atal Bihari Bajpai 
Published: October 2022

The present study aimed to assess the diversity and regeneration status of tree species in different forest types viz., Pinus forest (PF), Pinus-Oak mixed forest (POF) and Deodar forest (DF) of Kotla watershed (Barkot, Uttakashi, Uttarakhand). The data were collected through quadrat method and analyzed quantitatively. A total of 28 tree species, belonging to 21 families were recorded in the sampling area (3 forests 10 plots in each plot size 400 m2). Fagaceae, Pinaceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae and Juglandaceae were the major families (in terms of number of species). The species-area curves (SACs) of PF and DF reached an asymptote while it predicted more species (din not reach asymptote) in case of POF. The resulted values of different diversity indices (i.e., Dominance, Simpson, Shannon, Evenness, Margalef, and Equitability) revealed that the POF was most diverse (in tree diversity) followed by PF and DF. The ranked species abundance (RSA) curve of POF was log normal type but geometric series type for PF and DF. The density-diameter curves (d-d curves) was reverse J-shaped for POF while in case of PF and DF, the higher densities were observed for middle DBH classes in comparison to lowest and highest DBH classes. The overall regeneration status of the forests in the area was fair (25.8% tree, 18.6% saplings and 55.6% seedlings). The present study provides a deeper understanding of tree diversity pattern and regeneration status from a pocket of IHR.
Sums of Separable and Quadratic Polynomials
Authors: Ahmadi Amir Ali , Dibek Cemil , Hall Georgina 
Published: October 2022

We study separable plus quadratic (SPQ) polynomials, that is, polynomials that are the sum of univariate polynomials in different variables and a quadratic polynomial. Motivated by the fact that nonnegative separable and nonnegative quadratic polynomials are sums of squares, we study whether nonnegative SPQ polynomials are (i) the sum of a nonnegative separable and a nonnegative quadratic polynomial and (ii) a sum of squares. We establish that the answer to question (i) is positive for univariate plus quadratic polynomials and for convex SPQ polynomials but negative already for bivariate quartic SPQ polynomials. We use our decomposition result for convex SPQ polynomials to show that convex SPQ polynomial optimization problems can be solved by “small” semidefinite programs. For question (ii), we provide a complete characterization of the answer based on the degree and the number of variables of the SPQ polynomial. We also prove that testing nonnegativity of SPQ polynomials is NP-hard when the degree is at least four. We end by presenting applications of SPQ polynomials to upper bounding sparsity of solutions to linear programs, polynomial regression problems in statistics, and a generalization of Newton’s method that incorporates separable higher order derivative information. Funding: This work was partially supported by an AFOSR MURI award, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award, the Princeton School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Innovation Award, the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program Award, the Google Faculty Award, and the Sloan Fellowship.
Prioritization of THose aWaiting hip and knee ArthroplastY(PATHWAY): protocol for development of a stakeholder led clinical prioritization tool
Authors: Farrow Luke , Clement Nick D. , Smith Diane , Meek Dominic R. M. , Ryan Mandy , Gillies Katie , Anderson Lesley , Ashcroft G. P. 
Published: October 2022

Aims The extended wait that most patients are now experiencing for hip and knee arthroplasty has raised questions about whether reliance on waiting time as the primary driver for prioritization is ethical, and if other additional factors should be included in determining surgical priority. Our Prioritization of THose aWaiting hip and knee ArthroplastY (PATHWAY) project will explore which perioperative factors are important to consider when prioritizing those on the waiting list for hip and knee arthroplasty, and how these factors should be weighted. The final product will include a weighted benefit score that can be used to aid in surgical prioritization for those awaiting elective primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods There will be two linked work packages focusing on opinion from key stakeholders (patients and surgeons). First, an online modified Delphi process to determine a consensus set of factors that should be involved in patient prioritization. This will be performed using standard Delphi methodology consisting of multiple rounds where following initial individual rating there is feedback, discussion, and further recommendations undertaken towards eventual consensus. The second stage will then consist of a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to allow for priority setting of the factors derived from the Delphi through elicitation of weighted benefit scores. The DCE consists of several choice tasks designed to elicit stakeholder preference regarding included attributes (factors). Results The study is co-funded by the University of Aberdeen Knowledge Exchange Commission (Ref CF10693-29) and a Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Scotland Clinical Research Fellowship which runs from 08/2021 to 08/2024 (Grant ref: CAF/21/06). Approval from the University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences School Ethics Review Board was granted 22/03/2022 - Reference number SERB/2021/12/2210. Conclusion The PATHWAY project provides the first attempt to use patient and surgeon opinions to develop a unified approach to prioritization for those awaiting hip and knee arthroplasty. Development of such a tool will provide more equitable access to arthroplasty services, as well as providing a framework for developing similar approaches in other areas of healthcare delivery. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):753–758.
Second victim experiences and moral injury as predictors of hospitalist burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chandrabhatla Tejasri , Asgedom Henok , Gaudiano Zehra P. , de Avila Leyla , Roach Kenneth L. , Venkatesan Chapy , Weinstein Ali A. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: October 2022

Background
The increasing number of physicians leaving practice, especially hospitalists, has been well-documented. The most commonly examined factor associated with this exodus has been burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has put a unique and unprecedented stress on hospitalists who have been at the front lines of patient care. Therefore, the investigation of burnout and its related factors in hospitalists is essential to preventing future physician shortages.

Objective
This study examined the relationship between burnout, second victim, and moral injury experiences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among hospitalists.

Methods
Two anonymous cross-sectional surveys of hospitalists from a community hospital in the metropolitan Washington, DC area were conducted. One was conducted pre-COVID-19 (September-November 2019) and one was conducted during COVID-19 (July-August 2020). The surveys were sent to all full-time hospitalists via an online survey platform. A variety of areas were assessed including demographic (e.g., age, gender), work information (e.g., hours per week, years of experience), burnout, second victim experiences, well-being, and moral injury.

Results
Burnout rates among providers during these two time periods were similar. Second victim experiences remained prevalent in those who experienced burnout both pre and during COVID-19, but interestingly the prevalence increased in those without burnout during COVID-19. Moral injury was predictive of burnout during COVID-19.

Conclusion
While there were some factors that predicted burnout that were similar both pre- and during-pandemic, moral injury was unique to predicting burnout during COVID-19. With burnout as a contributing factor to future physician shortages, it is imperative that predictive factors in a variety of different environments are well understood to prevent future shortages. Hospitalists may be an excellent barometer of these factors given their presence on the front line during the pandemic, and their experiences need to be further explored so that targeted interventions aimed at addressing those factors may be created.
Characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various modifications of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
Authors: Anohina V. M. , Bordan N. S. , Yashkov Yu. I. , Orlova A. S. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), and its modifications, is the most effective surgical bariatric treatment of morbid obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. However, at present comparative studies of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism after various modifications of the BPD are lacking.AIM: comparative assessment for the effectiveness of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) in the HessMarceau and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) modifications for correcting carbohydrate metabolism disorders and achieving remission of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) within a period of up to five years after both operations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: within the framework of a prospective study, 200 patients with morbid obesity were operated on using the BPD-DS (group 1, n = 100) and SADI (group 2, n = 100) methods, the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed in groups depending on the presence, or absence, of DM2, with an emphasis on the analysis of indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. DM2 was diagnosed in 35 (35.0%) patients in group 1 (BPD - DS) and 45 (45.0%) in group 2 (SADI). All patients underwent a standard set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination methods before, immediately after and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after the operation.RESULTS: 5 years after the operation, complete remission of DM2 was achieved in 38 (84.4%) and 32 (91.4%) patients from the SADI and BPD-DS groups, respectively, and 7 (15.6%) and 3 (8.6 %) of patients achieved partial remission. The level of C-peptide, which also decreased after both modifications of BPS, was higher in patients after BPS in the SADI modification, both in patients with DM2 36 months (p<0.05), and in patients without DM2 at 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The frequency of achieving stable remission of DM2 is comparable in both groups. The carbohydrate profile of patients after SADI is characterized by higher levels of glucose and C-peptide compared to BPD-DS at different periods of follow-up over five years.
Hematologic parameters of captive Bothrops atrox (Squamata: viperidae)
Authors: Pereira Heloisa Castro , Letícia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles  , Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano  , Maísa Paschoal Rios  , André Luiz Quagliatto Santos  
Published: October 2022

The breeding of venomous snakes in captivity for research purposes and mainly as a source of pharmaceutical products highlights the need to determine hematological parameters for monitoring and ensuring a healthy breeding populationThe complete blood count is used to help diagnose alterations such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, parasitemia, hematopoietic disorders, hemostatic and toxicological changes, as well as bacterial and viral inclusions. Thus, the objective of this study was to define reference parameters for complete blood count in Bothrops atrox snakes. Blood samples were collected from 20 specimens of B. atrox from the Pentapharm do Brasil commercial breeding facility for laboratory examination. Mean values and standard deviation were: hematocrit 33.6 ± 5.47%, hemoglobin 10.81 ± 2.07g/dL, total number of erythrocytes 0.59 ± 0.1 x 106/mm3, leukocytes 11387.5 ± 3279.2/mm3 and thrombocytes 28175 ± 6320/mm3. No significant difference was observed between males and females and heterophils were the predominant leukocyte cell type.
Fome e questão agrária
Authors: Sant'Ana Raquel Santos , Brant Nathália Lopes Caldeira 
Published: October 2022

O artigo traz o debate entre fome e questão agrária procurando evidenciar a relação direta entre ambas as temáticas e o modelo de desenvolvimento hegemônico no espaço rural existente no Brasil, em que a lógica do capital define a produção, a distribuição e as culturas a serem incentivadas por parte do Estado brasileiro. Daí o fato da agricultura financiada pelo Estado estar voltada para o uso intensivo de agrotóxico e maquinário pesado, de manter a histórica concentração fundiária e priorizar a produção de commodities. O agravamento da situação de fome no mundo e no país evidencia a urgência do debate e a necessidade de aprofundar seus determinantes de maneira a promover ações não apenas emergenciais, mas estruturais. Discute-se ainda que em contraposição a esse modelo, diversos sujeitos coletivos, em especial os movimentos sociais rurais, constroem alternativas sustentáveis de relação com a terra, com o ambiente e com as comunidades rurais e, tem na agroecologia uma bandeira de luta. O artigo traz ainda as ações desenvolvidas em tempos de pandemia da COVID 19, pelo Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) que, em consonância com a solidariedade de classe defendida, efetivou a distribuição de alimentos saudáveis para as periferias urbanas e mostrando a importância da agricultura camponesa para a produção de alimentos e combate à fome.
Take up your arms
Authors: Meyer Isabelle de 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the etymology of four Latin lexemes starting with /arm-/: arma, armus, armilla and armenta. It examines whether they are men- or mo-derivatives of the root commonly reconstructed as *h₂er- ‘to join’. The combination of an in-depth analysis of 1) the use of armenta in Latin, and ἀραρίσκω and ἁρμόζω in Greek, and 2) similar stems in other IE languages, particularly Vedic īrmá-, Latvian ir̃mi et al., OCS ramo and jarьmъ et al., results in the conclusion that two stems should be differentiated. Armus and the other IE words for ‘shoulder; arm’ point to a second laryngeal and go back to a mo-stem ‘joining, (shoulder) joint’, originally an adjective. Its substantivation process went along with a change in accentuation and ablaut. The middle laryngeal would be the result of a contamination with *pĺ̥h₂-meh₂. The other Latin words and OCS jarьmъ et al. go back to a men-stem ‘the attachment’. The armenta were originally ‘the ones belonging to the attachment (a yoke)’ > ‘the plough animals’. Lastly, it is stated that if ἅρμα was a direct men-derivative of the PIE root, the wheel should be interpreted as ‘the attachment (to the chariot frame)’ rather than ‘the thing joined together’.
Greek τηλεκλυτός ‘far-famed’ and its Welsh comparanda
Authors: Falileyev Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper examines a possible Welsh cognate of Greek τηλεκλυτός ‘farfamed’, the rare Middle Welsh pellglot, and analyses it and its alleged Greek congener within the framework of Indo-European poetic language studies. It pays considerable attention to the conventions of medieval Welsh versification that (with other factors considered) may undermine the dating of the reconstructed compound underlying the Greek and Middle Welsh word to the Proto-Indo-European epoch.