bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of Cabazitaxel in Metastatic or Inoperable Locally Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Sanfilippo Roberta , Hayward Richard L. , Musoro Jammbe , Benson Charlotte , Leahy Michael Gordon , Brunello Antonella , Blay Jean-Yves , Steeghs Neeltje , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Ali Nasim , Hervieu Alice , Thway Khin , Marreaud Sandrine , Litiere Saskia , Kasper Bernd 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceTreatment options for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are limited. New drugs are required.ObjectiveTo assess whether cabazitaxel demonstrated sufficient antitumor activity in patients with metastatic or inoperable locally advanced DDLPS to justify further investigation in a phase 3 setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis international multicenter, open-label single-arm phase 2 trial was conducted at 10 institutions in 4 European countries from March 2015 to March 2019. Eligible patients had to have metastatic or locally advanced histologically proven DDLPS with evidence of disease progression within the past 6 months and had to have received no more than 1 previous line of chemotherapy.InterventionsAfter mandatory central review of tumor blocks, if the DDLPS diagnosis was confirmed, patients started treatment within 72 hours after registration. Cabazitaxel was administered at a dose of 25 mg/m2 IV infusion over 1 hour every 21 days until intolerance, progression, or withdrawal of consent.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 12 weeks per RECIST 1.1. Based on a Simon 2-stage design, at least 4 of 17 (stage 1) and 11 of 37 (stage 2) eligible and evaluable patients who were progression free at 12 weeks were needed. The final analysis report was completed on November 17, 2021.ResultsForty patients were registered, with 2 patients being ineligible. The number of cycles ranged from 1 to 30, with a median of 5; 26 patients (65%) received at least 4 cycles of cabazitaxel. Progression-free survival at 12 weeks was 55%, achieving the primary study end point. At a median follow-up of 21.6 months, median PFS was 6 months and median OS 21 months. Response rate (RR) was 8% with 1 clinical response (CR) and 2 partial responses (PR). Twenty-three (60.5%) patients had a stable disease (SD). Disease control (PR+SD) was achieved in 26 patients (68%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trial met its primary end point, with 21 of 38 patients (55%) being progression free at 12 weeks. These results suggest important activity of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic or inoperable locally advanced DDLPS. The drug is worth being further studied in these tumors in a phase 3 setting.
Association of Prehospital Needle Decompression With Mortality Among Injured Patients Requiring Emergency Chest Decompression
Authors: Muchnok Daniel , Vargo Allison , Deeb Andrew-Paul , Guyette Francis X. , Brown Joshua B. 
Published: August 2022

ImportancePrehospital needle decompression (PHND) is a rare but potentially life-saving procedure. Prior studies on chest decompression in trauma patients have been small, limited to single institutions or emergency medical services (EMS) agencies, and lacked appropriate comparator groups, making the effectiveness of this intervention uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine the association of PHND with early mortality in patients requiring emergent chest decompression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1, 2000, to March 18, 2020, using the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study database. Patients older than 15 years who were transported from the scene of injury were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed between April 28, 2021, and September 18, 2021.ExposuresPatients without PHND but undergoing tube thoracostomy within 15 minutes of arrival at the trauma center were the comparison group that may have benefited from PHND.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMixed-effect logistic regression was used to determine the variability in PHND between patient and EMS agency factors, as well as the association between risk-adjusted 24-hour mortality and PHND, accounting for clustering by center and year. Propensity score matching, instrumental variable analysis using EMS agency-level PHND proportion, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to address potential bias.ResultsA total of 8469 patients were included in this study; 1337 patients (11%) had PHND (median [IQR] age, 37 [25-52] years; 1096 male patients [82.0%]), and 7132 patients (84.2%) had emergent tube thoracostomy (median [IQR] age, 32 [23-48] years; 6083 male patients [85.3%]). PHND rates were stable over the study period between 0.2% and 0.5%. Patient factors accounted for 43% of the variation in PHND rates, whereas EMS agency accounted for 57% of the variation. PHND was associated with a 25% decrease in odds of 24-hour mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94; P = .01). Similar results were found in patients who survived their ED stay (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.89; P &amp;lt; .01), excluding severe traumatic brain injury (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.95; P = .03), and restricted to patients with severe chest injury (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.93; P = .01). PHND was also associated with lower odds of 24-hour mortality after propensity matching (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.98; P = .04) when restricting matches to the same EMS agency (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .04) and in instrumental variable probit regression (coefficient, −0.60; 95% CI, –1.04 to –0.16; P &amp;lt; .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, PHND was associated with lower 24-hour mortality compared with emergent trauma center chest tube placement in trauma patients. Although performed rarely, PHND can be a life-saving intervention and should be reinforced in EMS education for appropriately selected trauma patients.
A pH‐Responsive Cluster Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticle for Enhanced Tumor Accumulation and Antitumor Effect
Authors: Cheng Ruoyu , Jiang Lingxi , Gao Han , Liu Zehua , Mäkilä Ermei , Wang Shiqi , Saiding Qimanguli , Xiang Lei , Tang Xiaomei , Shi Minmin , Liu Jia , Pang Libin , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni , Zhang Hongbo , Cui Wenguo , Shen Baiyong , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a result of the deficient tumor‐specific antigens, potential off‐target effect, and influence of protein corona, metal–organic framework nanoparticles have inadequate accumulation in tumor tissues, limiting their therapeutic effects. In this work, a pH‐responsive linker (L) is prepared by covalently modifying oleylamine (OA) with 3‐(bromomethyl)‐4‐methyl‐2,5‐furandione (MMfu) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Then, the L is embedded into a solid lipid nanoshell to coat apilimod (Ap)‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework (Ap‐ZIF) to form Ap‐ZIF@SLN#L. Under the tumor microenvironment, the hydrophilic PEG and MMfu are removed, exposing the hydrophobic OA on Ap‐ZIF@SLN#L, increasing their uptake in cancer cells and accumulation in the tumor. The ZIF@SLN#L nanoparticle induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ap released from Ap‐ZIF@SLN#L significantly promotes intracellular ROS and lactate dehydrogenase generation. Ap‐ZIF@SLN#L inhibits tumor growth, increases the survival rate in mice, activates the tumor microenvironment, and improves the infiltration of macrophages and T cells in the tumor, as demonstrated in two different tumor‐bearing mice after injections with Ap‐ZIF@SLN#TL. Furthermore, mice show normal tissue structure of the main organs and the normal serum level in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase after treatment with the nanoparticles. Overall, this pH‐responsive targeting strategy improves nanoparticle accumulation in tumors with enhanced therapeutic effects.
Highly Efficient Double Microprism Polarizer with Microstructured Molecular Ordering
Authors: Lee Doyeon , Yoon Hyun‐Jin , Song Suk‐ho , Park Sung‐Jae , Shen Tian‐Zi , Park Yong Woo , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing crafted microstructures with complex molecular ordering has proven to be an excellent approach to control the propagation and phase front of light, and consequently, has led to remarkable advances in various photonic devices. A polarization‐conversion‐type polarizer with extraordinarily high transmittance can be another innovative photonic application that can be realized using microfabricated molecular ordering; however, the technology is still at the stage of idea generation. Here, a novel polarization conversion polarizer is demonstrated using a polymerized liquid crystalline double microprism (DMP) array and patterned retarder. A lab‐made polarizer using the method exhibits the degree of polarization of 94.5% without absorption or large reflection of light, and its transmittance is found to be ≈1.8 times higher than a dichroic sheet polarizer. In addition, the DMP polarizer works in the full spectral range of visible light and its thickness is less than 150 µm; therefore, it can be used in flat photonic devices, including displays. DMP polarizers can easily be fabricated using well‐established soft lithography and photoalignment methods. Thus, the proposed technology can open new possibilities for polymerized liquid crystal films with well‐crafted molecular ordering.
Miniature Amphibious Robot Actuated by Rigid‐Flexible Hybrid Vibration Modules
Authors: Wang Dehong , Liu Yingxiang , Deng Jie , Zhang Shijing , Li Jing , Wang Weiyi , Liu Junkao , Chen Weishan , Quan Qiquan , Liu Gangfeng , Xie Hui , Zhao Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmphibious robots can undertake various tasks in terrestrial and aquatic environments for their superior environmental compatibility. However, the existing amphibious robots usually utilize multi‐locomotion systems with transmission mechanisms, leading to complex and bulky structures. Here, a miniature amphibious robot based on vibration‐driven locomotion mechanism is developed. The robot has two unique rigid‐flexible hybrid modules (RFH‐modules), in which a soft foot and a flexible fin are arranged on a rigid leg to conduct vibrations from an eccentric motor to the environment. Then, it can run on ground with the soft foot adopting the friction locomotion mechanism and swim on water with the flexible fin utilizing the vibration‐induced flow mechanism. The robot is untethered with a compact size of 75 × 95 × 21 mm3 and a small weight of 35 g owing to no transmission mechanism or joints. It realizes the maximum speed of 815 mm s–1 on ground and 171 mm s–1 on water. The robot, actuated by the RFH‐modules based on vibration‐driven locomotion mechanism, exhibits the merits of miniature structure and fast movements, indicating its great potential for applications in narrow amphibious environments.
Pd(II)−Catalyzed Non‐Directed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Activation: Cascade C(sp3)−S Bond Cleavage to Access Benzaldehydes from Benzylphenyl Sulfides and Sulfoxides
Authors: Joshi Asha , Iqbal Zafar , Kandwal Pankaj , De Saroj Ranjan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel, efficient and mutual strategy on Pd(II)−catalyzed inert benzylic C(sp3)−H bond activation of benzylphenyl sulfides and sulfoxides has been developed that provides access to a series of benzaldehydes via cascade C(sp3)−S bond cleavage in one pot. The highlight of this protocol is the regiospecific activation of less reactive benzylic C(sp3)−H bond as compared to heteroatom‐directed more reactive C(sp2)−H bond, thus providing a strategy for late−stage site−selective C(sp3)−H bond functionalization. The reaction proceeds under air in moderate to good yields with excellent functional groups tolerance.
Asymmetric Friedel−Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones Using a Squaramide Organocatalyst
Authors: Nakashima Kosuke , Hanamura Sumire , Imamura Aoi , Matsushima Yasuyuki , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study explores the asymmetric Friedel−Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones using a squaramide organocatalyst. The squaramide organocatalyst efficiently promoted the asymmetric Friedel−Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones, affording the corresponding products bearing both indole motif and trifluoromethyl group in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The transformation of the obtained adduct to chiral spiro indoline 3‐one was also demonstrated.
The Nϵ‐Rule for Serine, but Not Cysteine Catalytic Triads
Authors: Czapinska Honorata , Bochtler Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCatalytic triads, composed of a serine or cysteine nucleophile, a histidine, and a third triad residue (typically Asp/Glu/Asn), are common in enzyme active sites and catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. Two types of triads can be distinguished: We refer to them as Nδ‐ or Nϵ‐configured, depending on whether the histidine imidazole Nδ or Nϵ atom is close to the nucleophile Oγ/Sγ. In this study, we have analyzed triad configuration. In structural triads, the more stable Nδ‐configuration predominates. For catalytic triads, the configuration depends on the nucleophile. When it is a cysteine residue, both configuration types occur, depending on the family. However, when the nucleophile is a serine residue, the less stable Nϵ‐configuration is almost exclusively found. We posit that the energetically less favored conformation is selected for in serine triads to facilitate the otherwise difficult proton transfer from the nucleophile to the histidine residue.
Heterosynthons, Solid Form Design and Enhanced Drug Bioavailability
Authors: Nangia Ashwini K. , Desiraju Gautam R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStarting from a molecular pharmacophore, which is a marker of drug action in medicinal molecules, we propose that the heterosynthon, a supramolecular synthon between unlike functional groups, plays an analogous role in the design and discovery of high bioavailability drugs. The heterosynthon could provide a more efficient and economical route to novel drugs.
Proton Chemistry Induced Long‐Cycle Air Self‐Charging Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Yue Fang , Tie Zhiwei , Zhang Yan , Bi Songshan , Wang Yijing , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAir self‐charging aqueous metal‐ion batteries usually suffer from capacity loss after self‐charging cycles due to the formation of basic salts on cathodes in the near‐neutral electrolytes. Here, air self‐charging Pb/pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) batteries based on proton chemistry are developed in acidic electrolyte. The fast kinetics of H+uptake/removal endows the battery with enhanced electrochemical performance. Owing to the high standard electrode potential of oxygen in acid electrolyte, the discharged cathodes are spontaneously oxidized by oxygen in air along with H+extraction and thus achieve self‐charging without external power supply. Notably, the air self‐charging mechanism involved H+‐based redox can effectively avoid the generation of basic salts on self‐charging electrodes and thus guarantee long‐term self‐charging/galvanostatic discharging cycles of Pb/PTO batteries. This work provides a promising strategy for designing long‐cycle air self‐charging systems.
Visualization of Protein‐Specific Glycation in Living Cells via Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporter
Authors: Shao Zhentao , Yuan Hui , Zhou Zhilan , Wang Ya , Hou Peidong , Nan Hexin , Wang Wei , Tan Weihong , Li Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the lack of suitable chemical tools, probing the protein‐specific glycation is highly challenging. Herein, we present a strategy based on glycation chemical reporter and proximity‐induced FRET signal readout for visualizing protein‐specific glycation in living cells. We first developed a bioorthogonal glucose analogue, 6‐azido‐6‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (6AzGlc), as a novel glycation chemical reporter. Two types of DNA probes, glycation conversion probe and protein targeting probe, were designed to attach to glycation adducts and target proteins, respectively. After the protein was glycated by 6AzGlc, two DNA probes were sequentially applied to the target protein, triggering proximity‐induced FRET signal readout. This strategy was successfully used to visualize glucose glycation of several proteins, including PD‐L1 and integrin. More importantly, this strategy allowed us to analyze corresponding biological functions of glycated protein in the native environment.
Non‐Flammable Ester Electrolyte with Boosted Stability Against Li for High‐Performance Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Wang Yanyan , Li Baohua , Bouwer James C. , Davey Kenneth , Lu Jun , Guo Zaiping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn traditional non‐flammable electrolytes a trade‐off always exists between non‐flammability and battery performance. Previous research focused on reducing free solvents and forming anion‐derived solid‐electrolyte interphase. However, the contribution of solvated anions in boosting the stability of electrolyte has been overlooked. Here, we resolve this via introducing anions into Li+ solvation sheaths using anions with similar Gutmann donor number (DN) to that of solvents. Taking trimethyl phosphate fire‐retardant (DN=23.0 kcal mol−1) and NO3− (DN=22.2 kcal mol−1) as an example, NO3− is readily involved in the Li+ solvation sheath and reduces the polarity of solvent. This results in boosted stability of electrolyte against Li. The developed non‐flammable electrolyte has low viscosity, high ionic conductivity and is low cost. The reversibility of Li‐Cu cell was improved to 99.49 % and the lifespan of practical LMBs was extended by >100 %.
One‐Pot Structure‐Controlled Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers by a “Latent” Inimer Strategy Based on Diels–Alder Chemistry
Authors: Yang Neng , Jiang Yu , Tan Qinwen , Ma Jiahui , Zhan Dezhi , Wang Zhaohong , Wang Xin , Zhang Daohong , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn efficient “one‐pot” strategy for the structure‐controlled synthesis of hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) based on a “latent” inimer (LI‐Br), containing a furan‐protected maleimide monomer and a haloalkane initiator, is presented. At high temperatures, the “latent” inimer is converted to a “real” inimer after releasing maleimide (MI) via a retro‐Diels–Alder (r‐DA) reaction and then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate by self‐condensing vinyl copolymerization. Due to the dynamic characteristic of the r‐DA reaction, the release of naked MI and the subsequent copolymerization can be regulated by the temperature or stereochemistry of Diels–Alder (DA) adducts. Thus, the “one‐pot” structure‐controlled synthesis of HBPs with various degrees of branching was achieved. By further implementation of a programmable temperature change, some valuable hyperbranched topologies such as star‐shaped and long‐chain hyperbranched polymers can be constructed avoiding sophisticated synthetic routes.
A Wearable Biosensor for Sweat Lactate as a Proxy for Sport Performance Monitoring
Authors: Xuan Xing , Chen Chen , Pérez‐Ràfols Clara , Swarén Mikael , Wedholm Lars , Cuartero Maria , Crespo Gaston A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, sport performance assessment has significantly transformed due to the appearance of disruptive technologies. Subjective pen and paper notations have evolved into advanced wearable sensing systems that acquire performance‐related data. The selection of adequate performance metric variables always causes a debate in sport physiology, and this becomes more relevant once new biochemical indicators are proposed, such as sweat lactate. Here, we analyze the correlation of real‐time sweat lactate, obtained with a validated wearable biosensor, with the typical physiological parameters often recorded in sports laboratories (e. g., blood lactate, Borg scale for the rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, power output, blood glucose, and respiratory quotient). We found that the heart rate, power output, Borg scale, and blood lactate relate to sweat lactate in independent individuals during cycling activity. Hence, we demonstrate the potential to associate non‐invasive, quantitative, and personalized analysis with sport practice.
Anti‐CD63‐Oligonucleotide Functionalized Magnetic Beads for the Rapid Isolation of Small Extracellular Vesicles and Detection of EpCAM and HER2 Membrane Receptors using DARPin Probes
Authors: Yashchenok Alexey M. , Chernyshev Vasiliy S. , Konovalova Elena V. , Kholodenko Roman , Tsydenzhapova Ekaterina , Shipunova Victoria O. , Schulga Alexey A. , Deyev Sergey M. , Gorin Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of a sensitive and reliable method for the isolation and detection of pathologically relevant small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) remains a challenge. Herein we present a method for characterization of sEVs that is based on the isolation of sEVs by anti‐CD63 aptamer conjugated magnetic beads and detecting the presence of the membrane proteins on their surface using anti‐EpCAM and anti‐HER2 designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). We perform a comparative study for identification of EpCAM and HER2 surface proteins in sEVs derived from MCF7, SKOV3, MDA‐MB‐231 and CHO cell lines and blood plasma of a healthy donor. Both DRAPins show high specificity to EpCAM and HER2 receptors with a limit of detection about 104 vesicles for MCF7 and Plasma sEVs and 105 vesicles for SKOV3 sEVs. Combination of magnetic capture with highly reactive DARPin probes made it possibly to reduce total assay time to 1 h. This method provides a basis for isolating and quantifying various sEV subpopulations that contain disease specific surface‐markers.
Synthesis of poly(urea–formaldehyde) microcapsules for the self‐healing system of silicone rubber insulating material
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Cao Bin , Shang Ruiqi , Mei Hongwei , Wang Liming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicone rubber is used as an antipollution flashover material in outdoor insulation, which is susceptible to aging and has a shorter service life than other candidates. Microcracks are a common aging phenomenon that are difficult to be detected and repaired. The microcapsule self‐healing technology can be used to repair microcracks and extend the service life of silicone rubber. This study considers hydrogen silicone oil as a representative of the polydimethylsiloxane healing agent system. Poly(urea–formaldehyde) microcapsules containing the hydrogen silicone oil are synthesized by in situ polymerization. The effects of the emulsifier concentration, initial pH value, initial ratio of the core–shell material, and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the synthesis are investigated. Accordingly, the properties of the microcapsules before and after long‐term storage are analyzed. The results demonstrate that microcapsules synthesized using poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (EMA)+ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the emulsifier have satisfactory morphology and performance, where the best synthesis conditions are 0.13 wt% EMA, 0.05 wt% PVA, initial ratio of the core–shell material of 1.5:1–2.0:1, initial pH value of 3.5–4.0, and 2 wt% NaCl. In long‐term storage, the core material is well protected by the shell material. The synthesized microcapsule can serve as a material in the self‐healing system of silicone rubber.