bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Memory and Its Regulation in Plants: An Alternative to Breeding for Tolerance
Authors: Kambona Carolyn Mukiri , Koua Patrice Ahossi , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Developing stress tolerant plants continues to be the goal of breeders due to their realized yields and stability. Plant responses to drought in particular have been studied in many different plant species, but the occurrence of stress memory as well as the potential mechanisms for memory regulation are not yet well described. It has been observed that plants hold on to past events in a way that adjusts their response to new challenges without altering their genetic constitution. This particular ability could enable training of plants to face future challenges that increase in frequency and intensity in changing climates. A better understanding of stress memory and the associated mechanisms is required to breed stress tolerant genotypes. Contrary to the use of genetic modification tools that has brought controversial hype, misinformation and fear among consumers, epigenetic technology is a powerful tool capable of offering potential benefits. In this perspective, this review discusses different stress memory types and gives an overall view using general examples. Further, focusing on drought stress, we demonstrate coordinated changes in epigenetic and molecular gene expression control mechanisms, the associated transcription memory responses at the genome level and integrated biochemical and physiological responses at cellular level following recurrent drought stress exposures. Indeed, coordinated epigenetic and molecular alterations of expression of specific gene networks link to biochemical and physiological responses that facilitate acclimation and survival of an individual plant during repeated stress.
Key words: plants stressors, drought tolerance, intergenerational and transgenerational memory, epigenetic modification, gene expression.
Dual Energy CT Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque using Novel Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits
Authors: Sato Hideyuki , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Kawaguchi Yuko O. , Nozaki Yui O. , Tomizawa Nobuo , Kudo Ayako , Takahashi Daigo , Kumamaru Kanako , Kogure Yosuke , Aoki Shigeki , Minamino Tohru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of dual energy CT (DECT) facilitated the visualization of carboxymethyl-diethylaminoethyl dextran magnetite ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (CMEADM-U) accumulation in arteriosclerotic lesions using hyperlipidemic rabbits.
Methods
CMEADM-U was administered to Watanabe hereditary atherosclerotic (WHHL) rabbits (n = 6, 24 sections) and New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits(n = 2, 6 sections). After 72 hours, DECT was performed to prepare virtual monochromatic images (VMI: 35keV, 70keV) and iron-based map. Subsequently, the aorta was collected, and hematoxylin & eosin staining, berlin blue staining, and RAM11 immunostaining.
Results
In the WHHL rabbits, CMEADM-U accumulation was not observed at 70 keV. However, CMEADM-U accumulation consistent with an arteriosclerotic lesion was observed at 35 keV and the iron-based map. On the other hand, in the NZW rabbits, there was no CMEADM-U accumulation in any images. Further, there were significant differences in the iron-based map value at the site of accumulation among the grades of expression on berlin blue staining and RAM11 immunostaining. In addition, there was a good correlation at 35kev and iron-based map value (r = 0.42, p < 0.05).
Conclusion
DECT imaging for CMEADM-U facilitated the assessment of macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions using a rabbit model of induced aortic atherosclerosis.
A Novel Drainage Strategy Using Chest Tube Plus Pleural Catheter in Uniportal Upper Lobectomy: A Randomized Study
Authors: Yang Fu , Wang Xing , Xu Honglei , Aramini Beatrice , Zhu Yuming , Jiang Gening , Fan Jiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: We aims to explored whether one pleural catheter plus single chest tube drainage, may achieve a non-inferior drainage effect when compared to the traditional two chest tubes in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for an upper pulmonary lobectomy. Methods: Patients that underwent an upper pulmonary lobectomy from January to November 2020 were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Prior to closure, patients randomized to an intervention group received an improved drainage strategy involving one pleural catheter with one chest tube (24Fr), while traditional double-chest-tube drainage was applied for the control group. Results: A total of 390 patients entered the study, though 190 were excluded for changing non-uniportal surgical approaches or opting for non-lobectomy resections. Finally, 200 patients were randomized (100 in intervention group and 100 in control group). The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups. The incidence of pneumothorax in the intervention and control groups was similar on postoperative day 1 (non-inferiority, 10% vs. 13%, P = 0.658). In addition, there were no significant differences in secondary outcomes like incidence of pneumothorax by day 30, postoperative chest tube/pleural catheter removal time, amount of drainage on day 1, total amount of drainage after operation, or postoperative hospitalization. A significantly lower pain score was observed in the intervention group (3.33±0.68 vs. 3.68±0.94, P = 0.003).Conclusions: The new strategy is non-inferior to double-chest-tube drainage after an upper pulmonary lobectomy, offers superior pain control, and is recommended for an upper lobectomy by uniportal VATS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04461652, 8th /07/2020.
Android design and assessment of a Björk-Jarabak-based application for cephalometric diagnosis in Latin-American people
Authors: Trenado-Sánchez Esperanza , Vargas-Vázquez Damian , Jiménez-Sánchez Angelica Rosario , Gómez-Loenzo Roberto Augusto , Cruz-Hernández Andrés 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to design an application for cephalometric diagnosis which matches as much as possible the results of the traditional manual tracing in the lateral skull radiograph; for this purpose, an application (UCeph) was designed for Android; the improvement of the application, based on the results of the pilot test. To analyze the concordance of the diagnosis produced by our application and the "hand-tracing", the radiographic image was uploaded, and then printed on photographic paper; to plot the nine measurements: six linear and three angular, using the Björk-Jarabak analysis. The results of the application were compared to the manual tracing using the kappa test; no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the two groups, and a very good reliability is shown in the use of the application. Likewise, a financial viability analysis and an impact assessment were carried out. This demonstrates that the software is accessible and competitive in our Latin American market. The results of the impact assessment suggest that UCeph has had a greater impact on decreasing both the tracing time and possible human errors, as well as helping produce better diagnoses, and positive effects on the environment.
Unintended effects of transgenic rice on grain yield and quality traits determined by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Huizhen , Chen Zhongkai , Wang Chunlei , Qin Lu , Lin Xiaoli , Cai Yicong , Zhou Dahu , Ouyang Linjuan , Zhu Changlan , Peng Xiaosong , He Haohua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Omics techniques provide effective detection tools for assessing the potential impact of plant composition at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Among these, protein is the executor of gene function and the embodiment of biological traits, so that organisms show various genetic characteristics. Proteomics can be used to assess whether genetic engineering will lead to changes in plant traits beyond those introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of the proteome occurring in the leaves of three transgenic rice restore lines expressing CRY1C and CRY2A genes developed by genetic engineering and their corresponding recurrent parents developed by conventional breeding. CRY1C and CRY2A genes were inserted into chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively, which significantly improved the resistance of restore lines to Chilo suppressalis. Although differentially expressed proteins could be distinguished between transgenic rice and its recurrent parents, these differences were not sufficient to cause unintended effects on grain yield and quality traits of transgenic rice. In contrast, differences in phenotypic traits are more because of differences in genetic background. Functional cluster analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins caused by the insertion of exogenous genes did not involve harmful metabolic pathways. The study successfully used 4D label-free quantitative proteomics technology to assess the unexpected changes in new rice varieties, and the results showed that transgenic rice did not cause unintended effects.
Tofacitinib fails to prevent T cell transfer colitis in mice but ameliorates disease activity
Authors: Subramanyam Sudheendra Hebbar , Hrcziko Judit Turyne , Pappas Angeliki , Schippers Angela , Wagner Nobert , Ohl Kim , Tenbrock Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Tofactinib is a JAK inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis in humans. Despite of its’ proven effectiveness in humans, mechanistic data are scarce on the effectiveness of Tofactinib in experimental colitis in mice. Methods: We induced experimental colitis by transfer of CD4 + CD25- isolated T cells into lymphopenic RAG2-/- mice and treated these mice with tofacitinib for 5–6 weeks either with a dosage of 10 or 40 mg/kg body weight immediately after CD4 + transfer or started treatment after first symptoms of disease for several weeks. Results: While treatment with tofacitinib immediately after transfer resulted in an enhanced expansion of CD4 + T cells and did not prevent occurrence of colitis, treatment after start of symptoms of colitis ameliorated disease activity on a clinical basis and in histological analyses. Discussion: Tofacitinib is effective in the treatment of murine experimental T cell transfer colitis, however does not prevent occurrence of disease.
Evaluating the harmonisation potential of diverse cohort datasets
Authors: Bauermeister Sarah , Phatak Mukta , Sparks Kelly , Sargent Lana , Grizwold Michael , McHugh Caitlin , Nalls Mike , Young Simon , Bauermeister Joshua , Molnar Vanda , Walls Ramona , Elliot Paul , Steptoe Andrew , Porteous David , Dufouil Carole , Gallacher John 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background: Data discovery, the ability to find datasets relevant to an analysis, accelerates science, increases scientific opportunity, and improves scientific rigour. Rapid growth in the depth, breadth, quantity and availability of data provides unprecedented opportunities and challenges for data discovery. A potential tool for increasing the efficiency of data discovery, particularly across multiple datasets is data harmonisation.Methods: A core set of 124 variables, identified as being of broad interest to neurodegeneration, were harmonised using the C-Surv data model for the purpose of data discovery and conducting feasibility analyses. Widely used data conventions, optimised for inclusiveness rather than aetiological precision, were used as harmonisation rules. The harmonisation scheme was applied to data from four diverse population cohorts.Results: Core variables covered 15 of 18 data themes used by the C-Surv data model. Correspondence between the harmonised data schema and cohort-specific data models was close for 61 variables that were directly mapped, 48 variables that were transformed to a binary (yes /no) format and for 6 variables than were standardised to the Z distribution. Harmonisation was more challenging for the remaining 9 socioeconomic and lifestyle variables; these requiring value judgements prioritising inclusivity over informativeness to be made.Conclusions: Although harmonisation is not an exact science, sufficient comparability across datasets was achieved to enable data discovery with relatively little loss of informativeness. This provides a basis for further work extending harmonisation to increase the core variable list, applying the harmonisation to further datasets, and incentivising the development of data discovery tools.
125I brachytherapy: a useful treatment to control painful osteogenic bone metastases
Authors: Liu Yiming , Xu Kaihao , Wu Kunpeng , Jiao Dechao , Han Xinwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: 125I brachytherapy is effective in relieving cancer pain due to osteolytic bone metastases. However, fewer studies focused on painful osteogenic bone metastases (OBMs), we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of 125I brachytherapy for the treatment of painful OBMs.Methods: From April 2017 to April 2019, 65 patients of OBMs were treated with CT/Cone-beam CT (CBCT)-guided 125I brachytherapy. Technical success, visual analog scale scores (VAS), daily morphine consumption (DMC), relief of pain (RoP), quality of life (QoL), local tumor control (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were recorded and analyzed. The Logistic regression analysis and the Cox regression models were performed to predict RoP and the PFS, respectively. Results: Technical success rates were 100%. VAS and DMC continuously decreased significantly at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks (all P<0.05). The RoP at 6 weeks was 84.62%. QoL including sleep, appetite, spiritual state, and fatigue showed improvement at 6 and 10 weeks. LCR was 100% at 10 weeks. The PFS and OS were 10.40 and 29.80 months, respectively. Two factors were significantly associated with the RoP: max diameter (MD< 3 cm vs. ≥ 3 cm, P=0.028) and serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) (< 100 U/L vs. ≥ 100 U/L, P=0.038). Three independent risk factors were identified for PFS: D90 < 110 Gy (HR 2.89, P=0.012), B-ALP ≥ 100 U/L (HR 3.39, P=0.009), and MD ≥ 3 cm (HR 5.86, P=0.005). Conclusions: 125I brachytherapy is an effective treatment in relieving painful OBMs and improving patients’ QoL.
tRNA modification and codon usage control pathogen secretion in host cells
Authors: Li Gang , Gong Ziwen , Dulal Nawaraj , Wilson Richard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Animal and plant microbial pathogens deploy effector proteins and virulence factors to manipulate host cell innate immunity, often using unconventional secretion routes that are poorly understood. Transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodon modifications occur across taxa, but few biological functions are known. Here, in the devastating blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we find that unconventional protein secretion in living host rice cells depends on tRNA modification and codon usage. Using gene deletions, mass spectrometry and live-cell imaging, we characterized the M. oryzae Uba4-Urm1 sulfur relay system mediating tRNA anticodon wobble uridine 2-thiolation (s2U34), a conserved modification required for efficient decoding of AA-ending cognate codons. In M. oryzae, cytoplasmic effectors like Pwl2 and AVR-Pita are translocated into host cells via an unconventional secretion route; apoplastic effectors like Bas4 are secreted by the conventional ER-Golgi pathway. Loss of U34 thiolation abolished PWL2 and AVR-PITA (but not BAS4) mRNA translation in host cells. Paromomycin treatment, which increases near-cognate tRNA acceptance, restored Pwl2 and AVR-Pita production in U34 thiolation-deficient mutant strains. Synonymous AA- to AG-ending codon changes remediated PWL2 mRNA translation in Δuba4; in UBA4+, expressing recoded PWL2 resulted in Pwl2 super-secretion that destabilized the microbe-host cell interface. Thus, wobble U34 tRNA thiolation and codon usage tune pathogen unconventional protein secretion in host cells.
Downregulated miR-15b-5p induces suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) expression during viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection in olive flounder
Authors: Lee Yun Ju , Park Eun Gyung , Kim Woo Ryung , Bae Woo Hyeon , Lee Du Hyeong , Lee Yoonhang , Kim Do-hyoung , Choi Yung Hyun , Cha Hee‑Jae , Kim Suhkmann , Kim Heui-Soo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs consisted of 21–25 nucleotides that modulate the gene expression by binding to 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA) at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs are well known to participate in various physiological processes including cellular differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune responses. In particular, during a viral infection, the virus regulates host miRNA expression to evade host immunity. In this study, we investigated whether viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection affects the expression of miR-15b-5p and its target gene, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS6) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The relative expression of miR-15b-5p and SOCS6 was analyzed in VHSV-infected olive flounder at different time points: 1, 3, and 7 days post infection (dpi). The expression of miR-15b-5p was decreased in the infected group but that of SOCS6 was increased. These alterations in miR-15b-5p and SOCS6 expression suggest that they could be important factors regulated by VHSV during infection.
A ToBRFV similar to a European isolate in a Mexican greenhouse, its presence in seeds and its inactivation for virus integrated management.
Authors: Vargas-Mejía Pablo , Salas-Aranda Daniel A. , García-López Irving J. , Pérez-Alfaro Ruth S. , de Dios Emmanuel Ávila , Santoyo-Villa J. Natzul , Alcalá-Briseño Ricardo I. , Silva-Rosales Laura 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has acquired a general interest after being reported in at least twenty-three countries, causing concerns in the tomato global agro-industry. Therefore, different aspects of integrated management (disease identification, sources of infection, and sanitation procedures) are of paramount importance. Here we report the identification and molecular characterization of a ToBRFV isolate, its genome sequence, and the second one, isolated in Mexico, similar to isolates from the Netherlands and the Middle East. After infection of plants with this viral isolate, we detected its presence in seed coats and derived seedlings at a very low frequency. Furthermore, we could isolate virus-like particles (VLPs) from greenhouse water obtained from wells albeit these particles were not so infective as a crude extract from an infected plant. We also tested the chemical and thermal inactivation of ToBRFV as monitored on Nicotiana rustica detached leaf bioassays.
Numerical simulation of fault deformation and seismic activity in the Southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Xia , Rodkin Mikhail , Pang Yajin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The moderate-strong seismic activity of the NS-trending fault and its vicinity in the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has prominent spatial concentration distribution characteristics. However, research on the relationship between southern Tibet faults is limited. Hence, this study used a two-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to simulate crustal movement in southern Tibet based on 1991–2015 GPS velocity data and obtain the current deformation field, tectonic stress field, fault slip, and stress accumulation rate distribution in this region, aiming to determine the relationship between fault activity and the earthquake distribution. The results showed that the research area was simultaneously affected by NE-trending compression and uneven EW-trending tensile force, and crustal deformation exhibited simultaneous NS-trending compression and EW-trending stretching. The EW- and NWW-trending faults around the research area and the internal NS-trending faults had apparent differences in their mechanical properties and movement modes. Moreover, the EW- and NWW-trending faults were mainly subjected to compression and dextral shearing, showing thrust and right-lateral strike-slip motion, whereas NS faults were mainly subjected to extension and exhibited the movement characteristics of normal faults. Significant differences were observed between faults and fault segments, affecting and controlling the regional crustal deformation, distribution of moderate-strong earthquakes, and types of earthquake ruptures. The concentrated distribution of moderate-strong earthquakes on the NS-trending normal fault and its vicinity depended on the slip rate and strike of the fault to a large extent. Earthquakes with magnitude higher than five were generally concentrated in the segments near the NS-trending faults with high slip rates and strong tensile stress.
Undernutrition and associated factors among people living with HIV under NACS assessment in Muchinga Province, Zambia, 2019-2020
Authors: Sadoki Ebedy , Kinge Constance Wose , Jojozi Zikhona , Mwansa Grain , Chirwa Ben , Chirowa Frank , Mothibi Eula , Maotoe Thapelo , Magwende George , Shingwe Frank , Sanne Ian , Mwala Philip , Chasela Charles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IntroductionNutrition plays an important role in the management of people living with HIV (PLHIV), yet undernutrition which is one of the world’s most serious health problems remains under researched particularly amongst PLHIV. With more than 1.2 million PLHIV, Zambia is one of the countries most affected by HIV globally. In 2014, Zambia’s undernutrition level was ranked highest in Africa and second from the bottom in the world at 48%. With paucity of literature on undernutrition status among PLHIV in Zambia, we sought to determine undernutrition prevalence and associated factors in PLHIV in Muchinga Province, Zambia.MethodsThis was secondary analysis of routine program data from October 2019 to March 2020 of HIV-positive clients on ART enrolled at supported health facilities in Muchinga with integrated Nutrition Assessment, Counselling and Support (NACS) into the continuum of care. Undernutrition was determined using body mass index (BMI) calculations and classified as undernutrition (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5 − 24.9 kg/m2) or over-nutrition (overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2 and obese, 25–29.9 kg/m2). Bivariate and Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were used to assess factors associated with undernutrition.ResultsOf the 506 eligible clients under NACS, the mean age was 34.9 years ± 13.5SD, with 251 (approximately 50%) between the ages of 21–39 years. More than half (67%) were females, 284 (56%) were urban residents, and 180 (35.6%) were unemployed. The majority (approximately 71%) were on the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE) regimen with a median duration on ART treatment of ~ 3 years (IQR = 1– 6). There were 233 (46%) who had a normal BMI, 191 (37.7%) who had under-nutrition, and 82 (16.2%) who had over-nutrition (9.7% overweight: 6.5% obesity). Clients in the urban area (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.28–3.1), unemployed (aOR = 2.4 (1.18–4.69)2.4; 95%CI: 1.18–4.69), married (aOR = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.26–4.38) and being on tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) (aOR = 2.8; 95%CI: 1.23–6.23) were more likely to be undernourished.ConclusionClients on TLD ART regimen, married, residing in the urban areas and unemployed were found to be positively associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the implementation of nutritional programs such as the NACS was vital in identifying HIV/AIDS patients on ART who required more specialized care for improved nutritional status and clinical health outcomes.