bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of archwire plane and archwire size on anterior teeth movement in sliding mechanics in customized labial orthodontics: a 3D finite element study
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Wang Xiaoting , Jiang Yiyang , Wu Zichen , Shen Qun , Chen Yucheng , Meng Qianjiao , Ye Niansong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate anterior teeth movement with different archwire planes and archwire sizes during space closure with and without miniscrew in sliding mechanics.MethodsA 3D finite element method was applied to simulate anterior teeth retraction with and without miniscrew and power arm. Initial displacements and pressure stresses of periodontal tissue in anterior teeth were calculated after the teeth were applied with retraction forces with different archwire planes and archwire sizes.ResultsHigh archwire plane showed better torque control of anterior teeth in both sliding mechanics. With intramaxillary retraction, anterior teeth showed lingual tipping and extrusion movement, whereas larger-size archwires did not reduce it. In miniscrew sliding mechanics, anterior teeth showed labial tipping and intrusion movement. Compared with intramaxillary retraction, the retraction force produced less pressure stress on periodontal tissue in miniscrew sliding mechanics with long power arm.ConclusionsHigher archwire plane is conducive to anterior teeth torque control. In order to achieve the bodily movement of the anterior teeth during space closure, it is more important to choose the appropriate method (miniscrew sliding mechanics with long power arm), instead of increasing the size of the archwire.
Quantitative influence and performance analysis of virtual reality laparoscopic surgical training system
Authors: Yu Peng , Pan Junjun , Wang Zhaoxue , Shen Yang , Li Jialun , Hao Aimin , Wang Haipeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Virtual reality (VR) surgery training has become a trend in clinical education. Many research papers validate the effectiveness of VR-based surgical simulators in training medical students. However, most existing articles employ subjective methods to study the residents’ surgical skills improvement. Few of them investigate how to improve the surgery skills on specific dimensions substantially.

Methods
Our paper resorts to physiological approaches to objectively study the quantitative influence and performance analysis of VR laparoscopic surgical training system for medical students. Fifty-one participants were recruited from a pool of medical students. They conducted four pre and post experiments in the training box. They were trained on VR-based laparoscopic surgery simulators (VRLS) in the middle of pre and post experiments. Their operation and physiological data (heart rate and electroencephalogram) are recorded during the pre and post experiments. The physiological data is used to compute cognitive load and flow experience quantitatively. Senior surgeons graded their performance using newly designed hybrid standards for fundamental tasks and Global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills (GOALS) standards for colon resection tasks. Finally, the participants were required to fill the questionnaires about their cognitive load and flow experience.

Results
After training on VRLS, the time of the experimental group to complete the same task could drop sharply (p < 0.01). The performance scores are enhanced significantly (p < 0.01). The performance and cognitive load computed from EEG are negatively correlated (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results show that the VRLS could highly improve medical students' performance and enable the participants to obtain flow experience with a lower cognitive load. Participants' performance is negatively correlated with cognitive load through quantitative physiological analysis. This might provide a new way of assessing skill acquirement.
Prevalence of podoconiosis and its associated factors in Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Getachew Tamiru , Churko Chuchu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPodoconiosis is a chronic non‐infectious preventable disease. Though not fatal, it may cause social, economic and physical disability. Ethiopia is projected to bear one‐fourth (25%) of the global burden of podoconiosis. Despite its huge economic impact and chronic morbidity and disability, podoconiosis seems to be neglected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of podoconiosis and its associated factors in Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross sectional study was conducted among 683 household members. A multistage sampling method was used to select study participants. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with podoconiosis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance; in multivariable analysis, variables with a P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of podoconiosis was 6.2% (95%CI: 4.3–8%). The significantly contributed factors for the prevalence of podoconiosis were wealth index (AOR = 0.249, 95%CI = 0.073–0.845), number of shoes owned (AOR = 6.199, 95% CI = 1.281–29.98), times when individual do not wear shoes (AOR = 2.448, 95%CI = 1.041–5.754), soap utilization during foot washing (AOR = 2.773, 95%CI = 1.210–6.355) and family history of leg swelling (AOR = 4.69, 95%CI = 2.215–9.935).ConclusionsThis study showed that there was significant burden of podoconiosis in the study area. Wealth index, times when individual do not wear shoes, number of shoes owned, soap utilization during foot washing, and family history of leg swelling were significantly associated with podoconiosis. It is recommended to practice secondary prevention which includes regular foot hygiene and wearing shoes, and the use of antiseptic soaks.
Antimicrobial activities of fungus comb extracts isolated from Indomalayan termite (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) mound
Authors: Witasari Lucia Dhiantika , Wahyu Khairunnasa Wizdjanul , Anugrahani Bonifasia Junita , Kurniawan Dina Clarissa , Haryanto Aris , Nandika Dodi , Karlinasari Lina , Arinana Arinana , Batubara Irmanida , Santoso Djoko , Rachmayanti Yanti , Firmansyah Dikhi , Sudiana I Ketut , Hertanto Decsa Medika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncorporating antimicrobial components into food packaging materials can prevent microbial contamination. Fungus combs could be an alternative source of natural antimicrobial agents. In this study, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts were obtained from fungus combs isolated from Indomalayan termite (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) mound. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage microorganisms including Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and microdilution. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract formed the largest diameter inhibition zone for all tested bacteria and fungi, exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively, and suppressed A. flavus and A. niger with an MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL. This extract contained guaiacol and syringol, which were predicted as the main antimicrobial components in fungus comb. n-Hexane extract only inhibited Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the most sensitive to all the extracts, and A. flavus was more sensitive than A. niger. All these fungus comb extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 25923, A. flavus, and A. niger. This study revealed that fungus comb extracts, especially ethyl acetate, could be considered as a new antimicrobial agent.
Graphical Abstract
Mortality and its predictors among hospitalized patients with infections due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae in Malaysia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Abubakar Usman , Tangiisuran Balamurugan , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Khan Faiz Ullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) pathogens are associated with morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data describing the treatments and outcomes of ESBL infections in Malaysia. This study evaluated the treatments, mortality and associated factors among patients hospitalized with infections due to ESBL positive enterobacteriaceae. This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to June 2020. Hospitalized patients with ESBL-positive enterobacteriaceae infections were included. A clinical pharmacist collected data by reviewing the patients’ electronic medical records. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.

Results
This analysis included 110 patients with a mean age of 62.1 ± 14.4 years. Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.6%) and Escherichia coli (40.9%) were the most prevalent pathogens among the 110 infections. Bacteremia (42.7%) was the most frequent diagnosis. The isolates were resistant to majority of penicillins and cephalosporins. However, over a third (39.3%) were susceptible to piperacillin–tazobactam, while carbapenem susceptibility was extremely high (≥ 99%). The most frequently used empiric and definitive antibiotics was piperacillin–tazobactam and meropenem, respectively. Less than a third (28.2%) of patients received active empiric antibiotics, and the mean duration before active antibiotics was 3.9 ± 2.7. Overall, hospital mortality rate was 13.6%, and mortality was significantly associated with ICU admission (AOR 8.75; 95% CI 1.05–72.75; P = 0.045) and diabetes mellitus (AOR 9.85; 95% CI 1.04–93.09; P = 0.046).

Conclusions
Carbapenems are the major antibiotics used to treat ESBL-positive enterobacteriaceae infections. Hospital mortality rate is relatively high and is significantly associated with in patients admitted to ICU and those with diabetes mellitus. Antibiotic stewardship interventions are necessary to promote early administration of active antibiotics and to reduce overuse of carbapenem antibiotics.
Russia’s Radical Byron: Reexamining the “Decembrist Pushkin”
Authors: Wang Emily 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lord Byron’s reputation in Russia’s literary imagination might surprise those who remember him not only as a multifaceted poet or political commentator, but also as a sexual libertine. Following his death in Greece, the tempestuous Byron came to stand for both freedom and romanticism in Russia, especially for the poets who would become associated with the Decembrist Uprising, a failed attempt by liberal nobles to reform the absolutist state by military coup in 1825. Perhaps even more importantly, Byron also became identified with the primary candidate for the role of Russia’s national poet: Alexander Pushkin. Though much as been written about Pushkin’s “Byronic apprenticeship,” this article focuses on how Pushkin’s responses to the English poet led him to depart from—and even conflict with—a specifically political version of Byronism promoted by his contemporaries. In particular, it analyzes Russian poetic response to Byron’s death, including works by Pushkin, Ivan Kozlov, Wilhelm Küchelbecker, Kondraty Ryleev, and Dmitry Venevitnov. It also considers Pushkin’s “To the Sea” (1824), analyzing an extended polemic with Prince Pyotr Viazemsky about Byron’s political legacy that this poem initiates.
Does a suspensory lifestyle result in increased tensile strength? Organ-level material properties of sloth limb bones
Authors: Mossor Angela M. , Young Jesse W. , Butcher Michael T. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe material composition of vertebrate connective tissue is highly conserved across taxa. Existing data suggest that the compressive and tensile strength of limb bones are very similar despite marked variation in limb posture and locomotor patterns. However, the material properties of limb bone tissue from suspensory taxa have not been formally evaluated. Sloths are nearly obligatory in their use of below-branch suspensory locomotion and posture, thus placing their limb bones and associated soft tissue structures under routine tensile loading. It is possible that sloth limb bones are modified for enhanced tensile strength, perhaps at the expense of compressive strength. Forelimb and hindlimb bones of two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths were tested in compression and bending to evaluate this hypothesis. Strength and elastic (Young's) modulus were similarly lower in sloth limb bones during both compression and bending, as compared with pronograde taxa. Ratios of peak bending strength to compressive strength additionally were elevated (sloths: 1.4–1.7; upright taxa: 0.6–1.2) for sloth limb bones. Overall, the material properties measured from the limb bones of tree sloths support our hypothesis of predicted function in a tensile limb system. Future studies should aim to directly test bones in tension to confirm indications of elevated axial tensile strength. Nevertheless, the results herein expand understanding of functional adaptation in mammalian tissue for a range of locomotor/postural behaviors that were previously unexplored.
Comparison of surface- and voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus for long-term three-dimensional assessment of condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery
Authors: Holte Michael Boelstoft , Sæderup Henrik , Pinholt Else Marie 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to validate and compare the accuracy and reliability of surface- and voxel-based registration on the mandibular rami for long-term three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of condylar remodelling following Orthognathic Surgery. Methods: The mandible was 3D reconstructed from a pair of superimposed pre- and postoperative (two years) cone-beam computerized tomography scans and divided into the condyle, and 21 ramal regions. The accuracy of surface- and voxel-based registration was measured by the absolute mean surface distance of each region after alignment of the pre- and postoperative rami. To evaluate the reliability, mean absolute differences and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated at a 95% confidence interval on volumetric and surface distance measurements of two observers. Paired t-tests were applied to statistically evaluate whether the accuracy and reliability of surface- and voxel-based registration were significantly different (p < 0.05). Results: A total of twenty subjects (sixteen female; four male; mean age 27.6 years) with class II malocclusion and maxillomandibular retrognathia, who underwent bimaxillary surgery, were included. Surface-based registration was more accurate and reliable than voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus two years post-surgery (p < 0.05). The interobserver reliability of using surface-based registration was excellent, ICC range [0.82–1.00]. For voxel-based registration, the interobserver reliability ranged from poor to excellent [0.00–0.98]. The measurement error introduced by applying surface-based registration for assessment of condylar remodelling was considered clinical irrelevant (1.83% and 0.18 mm), while the measurement error introduced by voxel-based registration was considered clinical relevant (5.44% and 0.52 mm). Conclusions: Surface-based registration was proven more accurate and reliable compared to voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus for long-term 3D assessment of condylar remodelling following Orthognathic Surgery. However, importantly, the performance difference may be caused by an inappropriate reference structure, proposed in the literature, and applied in this study.
A Preoperative Spinal Education intervention for spinal fusion surgery designed using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System is safe and could reduce hospital length of stay, normalize expectations, and reduce anxiety
Authors: Edwards Rebecca , Gibson Jamie , Mungin-Jenkins Escye , Pickford Rashida , Lucas Jonathan D. , Jones Gareth D. 
Published: February 2022

Aims Psychoeducative prehabilitation to optimize surgical outcomes is relatively novel in spinal fusion surgery and, like most rehabilitation treatments, they are rarely well specified. Spinal fusion patients experience anxieties perioperatively about pain and immobility, which might prolong hospital length of stay (LOS). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine if a Preoperative Spinal Education (POSE) programme, specified using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) and designed to normalize expectations and reduce anxieties, was safe and reduced LOS. Methods POSE was offered to 150 prospective patients over ten months (December 2018 to November 2019) Some chose to attend (Attend-POSE) and some did not attend (DNA-POSE). A third independent retrospective group of 150 patients (mean age 57.9 years (SD 14.8), 50.6% female) received surgery prior to POSE (pre-POSE). POSE consisted of an in-person 60-minute education with accompanying literature, specified using the RTSS as psychoeducative treatment components designed to optimize cognitive/affective representations of thoughts/feelings, and normalize anxieties about surgery and its aftermath. Across-group age, sex, median LOS, perioperative complications, and readmission rates were assessed using appropriate statistical tests. Results In all, 65 (43%) patients (mean age 57.4 years (SD 18.2), 58.8% female) comprised the Attend-POSE, and 85 (57%) DNA-POSE (mean age 54.9 years (SD 15.8), 65.8% female). There were no significant between-group differences in age, sex, surgery type, complications, or readmission rates. Median LOS was statistically different across Pre-POSE (5 days ((interquartile range (IQR) 3 to 7)), Attend-POSE (3 (2 to 5)), and DNA-POSE (4 (3 to 7)), (p = 0.014). Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences between Pre-POSE and Attend-POSE LOS (p = 0.011), but not between any other group comparison. In the Attend-POSE group, there was significant change toward greater surgical preparation, procedural familiarity, and less anxiety. Conclusion POSE was associated with a significant reduction in LOS for patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Patients reported being better prepared for, more familiar, and less anxious about their surgery. POSE did not affect complication or readmission rates, meaning its inclusion was safe. However, uptake (43%) was disappointing and future work should explore potential barriers and challenges to attending POSE. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(2):135–144.
CONDIÇÂO CRÔNICA DE SAÚDE: PERCEPÇÕES DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Irmgard Bärtschi GabatzI Ruth , Milbrat Marten Viviane , Da Costa Bório Taniely , Specht Ana Lúcia , STRAGLIOTTO BAZZAN JESSICA , Da Graça Corso da Motta Maria 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de crianças e adolescentes acerca de suas condições crônicas de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com uma abordagem qualitativa realizada na região sul do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 10 crianças e adolescentes com doença crônica, para a coleta das informações foi utilizado uma dinâmica do Método Criativo Sensível. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da análise temática. Resultados: as crianças e os adolescente percebem a doença crônica associada a sensações positivas como relacionamentos interpessoais, brincadeiras e atividades, mas também negativas como dor e tristeza. Assim, vivem situações desafiantes em relação as suas condições de saúde, que impõem necessidade de ajustes em suas rotinas e seus hábitos. Conclusão: Considera-se que o adoecimento é um processo complexo tanto para a criança/adolescente quanto para seus familiares, mas como as vivências experienciada dos procedimentos terapêuticos tornam-se parte da rotina e, assim, mais facilmente aceita. Nesse sentido, é imprescindível que os serviços de saúde e educação estejam instrumentalizados e constituem-se como redes de apoio para desenvolver um cuidado à saúde integralmente essa população, minimizando sofrimentos e estigmas.
ALTERAÇÕES DO SONO EM PROFESSORES UNIVERSITÁRIOS: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Moneta Moraes Bruno Fernando , Salvi Carolina Pasquini Praxedes , De Martino Milva Maria Figueiredo 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Professores universitários, de diversas áreas do conhecimento, constantemente, agregam, além de sua carga horária frente ao aluno, tarefas extraclasse que alongam sua jornada laboral, múltiplos empregos e execução de tarefas em prazos reduzidos. Diante disso, esses profissionais podem apresentar quadros negativos em relação ao seu sono, incluindo sua privação e redução da sua qualidade, impactando em seu bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Objetivo: evidenciar as principais alterações do sono em professores universitários, salientando os fatores associados e as repercussões destas ocorrências. Materiais e métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nos portais PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com estudos originais publicados entre 2002 e 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, foram eleitos cinco estudos, publicados entre 2018 e 2021, que evidenciaram as alterações de sono, bem como as suas relações com outros aspectos de saúde. As alterações do sono em professores universitários caracterizaram-se por redução da qualidade subjetiva do sono e sonolência diurna. Aspectos relacionados ao trabalho do professor universitário influenciaram na qualidade do sono, como jornadas extensas, o trabalho excessivo, workaholism e a alta exigência no trabalho. Conclusões: A redução na qualidade do sono e a sonolência diurna repercutiram nas percepções de qualidade de vida e em aspectos ligados ao Burnout. Torna-se imprescindível a busca por dados científicos robustos, explorando amplamente as alterações de sono em professores universitários e monitorando suas repercussões.
Un libro manifiestamente antropofágico
Authors: Hidalgo Nácher Max 
Published: February 2022

Reseña de Pauline Bachmann, Dayron Carrillo-Morell, André Masseno, Eduardo Jorge de Oliveira (eds.), Antropofagias: um livro manifesto! Prácticas da devoração a partir de Oswald de Andrade, Berlin, Peter Lang, 2021