bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of tropical convection over the western Pacific to stratospheric polar vortex during boreal winter
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Huang Rui , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt has been extensively discussed that stratospheric polar vortex significantly contribute to the variability and predictability of tropospheric weather and climate over midlatitudes and polar regions. However, we currently have little understanding of the exact influence of stratospheric polar vortex on tropical troposphere. Here, the exact responses of tropical convection to Northern Hemisphere (NH) extreme stratospheric polar vortex events (i.e., strong vortex [SV] events and weak vortex [WV] events) are investigated in this study. We find that the western Pacific region is particularly noteworthy when focusing on the spatial distribution of tropical convective activity. Significant enhancement of convective activity over the western Pacific is clearly observed in about 2 weeks after WV events, while opposite responses to SV events can also be expected. The change in convective activity over the western Pacific is considerably contributed by the intraseasonal variability, and thus MJO phase 7 (3) is dominant after WV (SV) events. The seesaw pattern of zonal‐mean convective activity near equator may be a property of MJO itself, not definitely caused by the stratospheric polar vortex as previously thought. A significantly linear correlation between anomalous convective activity and static stability near tropopause over the western Pacific is found, suggesting that circumstances in the tropical upper troposphere play a crucial role in the evolution of tropical convection, especially for the MJO.
Micellar Curcumin: Pharmacokinetics and Effects on Inflammation Markers and PCSK‐9 Concentrations in Healthy Subjects in a Double‐Blind, Randomized, Active‐Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Grafeneder Juergen , Derhaschnig Ulla , Eskandary Farsad , Buchtele Nina , Sus Nadine , Frank Jan , Jilma Bernd , Schoergenhofer Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScope: Preclinical models have demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory and lipid‐lowering effects of curcumin. Innovative formulations have been developed to overcome the poor bioavailability of native curcumin. The study hypothesizes that the bioavailability of micellar curcumin is superior to native curcumin and investigates the potential anti‐inflammatory and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) concentration lowering effects.Methods and results: In this double‐blind, randomized, crossover trial, 15 healthy volunteers receive micellar or native curcumin (105 mg day−1) for 7 days with a ≥7 days washout period. Curcumin and metabolite concentrations are quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FD), and pharmacokinetics are calculated. To analyze anti‐inflammatory effects, blood samples (baseline, 2 h, 7 days) are stimulated with 50 ng mL−1lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Interleukin (IL)‐6, tumor‐necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and PCSK9 concentrations are quantified. Micellar curcumin demonstrates improved bioavailability (≈39‐fold higher maximum concentrations, ≈14‐fold higher area‐under‐the‐time‐concentration curve,p< 0.001) but does not reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the chosen model. Subjects receiving micellar curcumin have significantly lower PCSK9 concentrations (≈10% reduction) after 7 days compared to baseline (p= 0.038).Conclusion: Micellar curcumin demonstrates an improved oral bioavailability but does not show anti‐inflammatory effects in this model. Potential effects on PCSK9 concentrations warrant further investigation.
Efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions for endotracheal suctioning pain in preterm infants: A systematic review
Authors: Cai Qian , Luo Wen , Zhou You , Yin Yue , Zhu Kai , Shi Huan , Liao Yuexia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo review and analyse the evidence on the efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions for preterm infants to relieve endotracheal suctioning (ES) pain.DesignA systematic review per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.MethodsSix databases were searched with a retrieval strategy. Parallel and crossover randomized controlled trials reporting non‐pharmacological interventions for relieving ES pain in preterm infants were identified from inception to 1 September 2021. The protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42021276058).ResultsTen studies were retrieved, including nine different non‐pharmacological interventions. Seven studies reported that non‐pharmacological interventions in relieving pain were more effective than conventional care during ES, and three trials reported its safety. Due to the heterogeneity of pain assessment tools, time of assessment and population, only Facilitated tucking had sufficient evidence that it is a safe and effective non‐pharmacological intervention.
Spatial distribution mapping of permafrost in Mongolia using TTOP
Authors: Yamkhin Jambaljav , Yadamsuren Gansukh , Khurelbaatar Temuujin , Gansukh Tsogt‐Erdene , Tsogtbaatar Undrakhtsetseg , Adiya Saruulzaya , Yondon Amarbayasgalan , Avirmed Dashtseren , Natsagdorj Sharkhuu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study presents the results of permafrost mapping in Mongolia based on the TTOP (temperature‐on‐top‐of‐permafrost) approach, which were validated againstin situmeasurements at various locations.In situmeasurements indicated that the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) ranged from 0.6 to 2.2°C interannually, showing the greatest variability when furthest from 0°C. The differences between the modeled and measured MAGTs exceeded ±1°C in locations where permafrost was in a nonequilibrium state and was controlled predominantly by local factors. It was estimated that permafrost occupies one‐third of Mongolia. We divided the extent of the permafrost into five zones: continuous, discontinuous, sporadic, isolated, and seasonally frozen ground. In total, the permafrost zones cover ~462.8 × 103 km2, accounting for 29.3% of Mongolia. Of this total area, continuous permafrost accounted for 118.3 × 103 km2(7.5%), discontinuous permafrost 127.7 × 103 km2(8.1%), sporadic permafrost 112.4 × 103 km2(7.1%), and isolated permafrost 104.4 × 103 km2(6.6%).
Exercise rehabilitation in pediatric asthma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Jing , Zhang Dong , Huang Yapan , Wu Zhenguo , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review delineates various exercise‐based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) designs and quantifies how they may be optimized in pediatric asthma treatment.DesignComprehensive systematic review, network meta‐analysis, and quality analyses using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, and Medline searches.InterventionsDiscrete and combined endurance, respiratory, resistance, strength, and interval training.Main Outcome MeasuresForced expiratory volume at 1 s to predicted value ratio (FEV1% pred), forced vital capacity to predicted value ratio (FVC% pred), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity ratio (FEF25%–75%), the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and the 6‐min walk test (6MWT).ResultsTwenty‐four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a combined 1031 patients were included. Endurance training was the most common form of PR (58.3%), typically conducted through outpatient clinics (29.2%). Network meta‐analysis showed that compared with other PR, interval training significantly improved PAQLQ total scores, and activity, symptom, and emotional domains. Interval training also had a significant effect on the 6MWT. No adverse events were reported. Exercise training did not have a significant effect on FEV1% pred; however, combined endurance and respiratory training significantly improved both FVC% pred and FEF25%–75%.ConclusionsExercise‐based PR is safe and effective in childhood asthma treatment. Interval training may be a core component for improving quality of life and exercise capacity in this patient population, while combined respiratory and endurance training may significantly affect lung function. The clinical efficacy of these results should be confirmed through high‐quality RCTs.
New insight into the substituent effects on the hydrolytic deamination of saturated and unsaturated cytosine
Authors: Uddin Kabir M. , Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Shahidul M. , Poirier Raymond A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAb initio calculations were carried out to understand the effect of electron donating groups (EDG) and electron withdrawing groups (EWG) at the C5 position of cytosine (Cyt) and saturated cytosine (H2Cyt) of the deamination reaction. Geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products were fully optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level in the gas phase as this level of theory has been found to agree very well with G3 theories. Activation energies, enthalpies, and Gibbs energies of activation along with the thermodynamic properties (ΔE, ΔH, and ΔG) of each reaction were calculated. A plot of the Gibbs energies of activation (ΔG‡) for C5 substituted Cyt and H2Cyt against the Hammett σ‐constants reveal a good linear relationship. In general, both EDG and EWG substituents at the C5 position in Cyt results in higher ΔG‡ and lower σ values compared to those of H2Cyt deamination reactions. C5 alkyl substituents (H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3) increase ΔG‡ values for Cyt, while the same substituents decrease ΔG‡ values for H2Cyt which is likely due to steric effects. However, the Hammett σ‐constants were found to decrease at the C5 position of cytosine (Cyt) and saturated cytosine (H2Cyt) on the deamination reaction. Both ΔG‡ and σ values decrease for the substituents Cl and Br in the Cyt reaction, while ΔG‡ values increase and σ decrease in the H2Cyt reaction. This may be due to high polarizability of bromine which results in a greater stabilization of the transition state in the case of bromine compared to chlorine. Regardless of the substituent at C5, the positive charge on C4 is greater in the TS compared to the reactant complex for both the Cyt and H2Cyt. Moreover, as the charges on C4 in the TS increase compared to reactant, ΔG‡ also increase for the C5 alkyl substituents (H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3) in Cyt, while ΔG‡ decrease in H2Cyt. In addition, analysis of the frontier MO energies for the transition state structures shows that there is a correlation between the energy of the HOMO–LUMO gap and activation energies.
Topological Melting of the Metastable Skyrmion Lattice in the Chiral Magnet Co9Zn9Mn2
Authors: Ukleev Victor , Morikawa Daisuke , Karube Kosuke , Kikkawa Akiko , Shibata Kiyou , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Arima Taka‐hisa , White Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a β‐Mn‐type chiral magnet Co9Zn9Mn2, it is demonstrated that the magnetic field‐driven collapse of a room temperature metastable topological skyrmion crystal (SkX) passes through a regime described by a partial topological charge inversion. Using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, the magnetization distribution is observed directly as the magnetic field is swept antiparallel to the original skyrmion core magnetization, that is, negative magnetic fields. Due to the topological stability of skyrmions, a direct transition of the metastable SkX to the equilibrium helical state is avoided for increasingly negative fields. Instead, the metastable SkX gradually transforms into giant magnetic bubbles separated by 2π domain walls. Eventually these large structures give way to form a near‐homogeneously magnetized medium that unexpectedly hosts a low density of isolated skyrmions with inverted core magnetization, and thus a total topological charge of reduced size and opposite sign compared with the initial state. A similar phenomenon has been observed previously in systems hosting ordered lattices of magnetic bubbles stabilized by the dipolar interaction and called “topological melting.” With support from numerical calculations, it is argued here that the observed regime of partial topological charge inversion has its origin in the topological protection of the starting metastable skyrmion state.
Diagnosis of Metaplastic Synovial Cysts in Clinical Dermatology
Authors: Vora Paayal S. , Rama Sonam , Olsen Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metaplastic synovial cysts are a rare clinical finding, with less than 70 cases diagnosed to date. These cysts are painful and can greatly impact patients' quality of life. The goal of this case report is to describe the manifestations of these cysts to aid in clinical diagnosis and management.
We herein report a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a bump on the lateral left knee. He experienced pain upon walking. Notably, he had a past medical history of left knee replacement 15 years prior to presentation. Upon physical exam, the bump resembled a firm subcutaneous nodule. It was subsequently biopsied via eight-mm punch excision, revealing a metal portion of the patient's knee replacement; biopsy resulted in the removal of the entire bump. Biopsy results showed a cystic space in the deep dermis containing papillary villous projections consisting of fibrous cores, partially surfaced by a synovial-like lining. Based on these results, a metaplastic synovial cyst was diagnosed.
The patient was referred to orthopaedic surgery for replacement to prevent recurrence, as the metal in the knee replacement was presumed the source of the cyst. The patient was then reassessed 3 months later, and he described resolution of his knee pain. Physical exam showed a well-healed linear scar.
This patient's history and exam findings, along with the dermatopathology results, reflect the characteristic pattern in patients suffering from metaplastic synovial cysts. Prompt identification and subsequent removal can significantly improve patient's pain and ability to carry out daily activities.
Concurrent Anchoring of Au NPs and Amine Groups under the Decomposition of supported L‐arginine‐Au(III) Complexes:A Simple Way to Active Au/C Catalyst for Pure Hydrogen Production
Authors: Podyacheva Olga Y. , Simonov Pavel A. , Yashnik Svetlana A. , Kvon Ren I. , Stonkus Olga A. , Sobolev Vladimir I. , Khairulin Sergei R. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose a simple way to synthesize gold catalysts consisting of dominant ca. 2 nm nanoparticles and single atoms on different carbons by the use of L‐arginine‐Au(III) complexes. The decomposition of the precursor proceeds via concurrent anchoring surface amine groups and forming gold species. The gold catalyst supported on a commercial nitrogen free carbon of the Sibunit family showed excellent activity in the gas phase formic acid decomposition reaction and 100 % selectivity towards hydrogen formation as compared to gold catalysts supported on nitrogen free and nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers and nanotubes. The observed increase in the reaction rate by a factor of up to 15 is due to the enrichment of external Sibunit surface with gold and surface amine groups. The intrinsic nitrogen centers of the nitrogen doped carbons are not sensitive to the gold precursor, thus not affecting the dispersion of gold and even deteriorating the catalyst activity.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and in Silico Studies of Some Phenyl, Furyl and 1H‐1,2,4‐Triazole Substituted Benzyl and Alkyl Ethers
Authors: Güven Özden Özel , Tahtacı Hakan , Altanlar Nurten , Alıcı Hakan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a series of phenyl, furyl and 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole substituted benzyl and alkyl ethers were synthesized, characterized by all spectral analysis, and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. From phenyl substituted series, compound 1‐(2‐(3,4‐dichlorobenzyloxy)‐2‐phenylethyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (7 i) exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity with lowest MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL against MRSA and from furyl substituted series, most of the compounds exhibited the most potent antifungal activity with lowest MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL against Candida Krusei. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drug‐likeness characteristic of the compounds were calculated, and it was observed that all compounds met majority the criteria of five different drug filters. Finally, docking simulations revealed that some compounds showed high affinity to an CYP51 antifungal target structure (PDB: 3L4D).
The Role of Structural Order in the Mechanism of Charge Transport across Tunnel Junctions with Various Iron‐Storing Proteins
Authors: Gupta Nipun Kumar , Okamoto Naofumi , Karuppannan Senthil Kumar , Pasula Rupali Reddy , Ziyu Zhang , Qi Dong‐Chen , Lim Sierin , Nakamura Masakazu , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn biomolecular electronics, the role of structural order in charge transport (CT) is poorly understood. It has been reported that the metal oxide cores of protein cages (e.g., iron oxide and ferrihydrite nanoparticles (NPs) present in ferritin and E2‐LFtn, which is E2 protein engineered with an iron‐binding sequence) play an important role in the mechanism of CT. At the same time, the NP core also plays a major role in the structural integrity of the proteins. This paper describes the role of structural order in CT across tunnel junctions by comparing three iron‐storing proteins. They are (1) DNA binding protein from starved cells (Dps, diameter (∅) = 9 nm); (2) engineered archaeal ferritin (AfFtn‐AA, ∅ = 12 nm); and (3) engineered E2 of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex (E2‐LFtn, ∅ = 25 nm). Both holo‐Dps and apo‐Dps proteins undergo CT by coherent tunneling because their globular architecture and relative structural stability provide a coherent conduction pathway. In contrast, apo‐AfFtn‐AA forms a disordered structure across which charges have to tunnel incoherently, but holo‐AfFtn‐AA retains its globular structure and supports coherent tunneling. The large E2‐LFtn always forms disordered structures across which charges incoherently tunnel regardless of the presence of the NP core. These findings highlight the importance of structural order in the mechanism of CT across biomolecular tunnel junctions.
Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of Saffron Starches at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Nakajima Shusaku , Yamamoto Masaki , Kuroki Shinichiro , Itoh Hiromichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo investigate the structural and spectroscopic properties of saffron starches, saffron bulbs and isolated three types of starch are cultivated at different growth stages. All saffron starches exhibit fine particles (8.38–13.15 µm) and a C‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern. Furthermore, the particle size, amylose content, water content, and crystallinity of the saffron starch change during the growth and development, in particular, at bud formation. Saffron starches have unique characteristics compared with corn, potato, and banana starches; the amylose content is high in spite of the fine particles. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the intensity of the main starch band at 473 cm–1 is stronger in saffron than that in other botanical sources. This result can be attributed to the fine particles of saffron starches. The data demonstrate that saffron bulbs have unique starches, suggesting their potential as a new starch source for food and industrial applications.
“Doing Transitions”: A New Research Perspective
Authors: Walther Andreas , Stauber Barbara , Settersten Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLife courses and the transitions that mark them are highly complex phenomena of social reproduction. Past research has been driven by institutional actors and policymakers concerned with mitigating problems such as social disadvantage and risks of exclusion. It has tried to reduce complexity to make it easier to observe and measure the effects of transitions on individual life trajectories. This chapter joins several other recent attempts to better address the complexities of life course by introducing a new framework – Doing Transitions – for understanding life course transitions, which also provides a foundation for the chapters of this book. This framework is inspired by a praxeological perspective, which takes as its starting point the proposition that transitions do not simply exist but are constantly constituted through social practices and the interrelation of social discourses, institutional regulation, and individual processes of learning, education, and coping. After describing the doing transitions framework, this chapter provides a brief overview of the volume and its contributions, which are organized around three themes: institutions and organizations; times and normativities; and materialities, such as bodies, spaces, and artefacts.
Leitbilder schulischer Personalentwicklung in den Referenzrahmen zur Schulqualität der 16 Länder
Authors: Tarkian Jasmin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungUm ausgehend von den im öffentlichen Diskurs häufig kontrovers geführten Debatten darüber, was eine „gute Schule“ ausmacht, zu einem einheitlicheren Verständnis von Schulqualität zu gelangen, sind in den Ländern im Zuge der Neuen Steuerung Konzepte zur Definition von schulischer Qualität entwickelt und etabliert worden. Die zumeist als Referenz-, Qualitäts- oder Orientierungsrahmen bezeichneten Zusammenstellungen aus Qualitätsdimensionen und -kriterien sollen dabei die Funktion entfalten, allen mit Fragen der Schulqualität betrauten Akteursgruppen für ihren jeweiligen Beitrag zur Erfassung, Sicherung oder Weiterentwicklung von Schule und Unterricht eine auf Landesebene geteilte Orientierungs- und Entscheidungsgrundlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Zielperspektiven der schulischen Arbeit aufzeigt. Bestandsaufnahmen und Evaluationen von Maßnahmen der Qualitätsentwicklung sowie Neujustierungen von Entwicklungszielen erhalten damit konzertierte Bezugspunkte, die als richtungsweisendes Leitgerüst bei der Schul- und Unterrichtsentwicklung zur Anwendung gelangen sollen.
Personalgewinnung als Grundlage schulischer Personalentwicklung
Authors: Thiel Felicitas , Schewe Claudia Manuela 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungPersonalentwicklung steht in engem Zusammenhang mit Personalgewinnung und Beförderung. Auf der Grundlage einer Analyse rechtlicher Dokumente werden Regelungen zu schulbezogenen Ausschreibungen, zur Besetzung von Funktionsstellen und zu Personalbudgets im Ländervergleich dargestellt.Schulbezogene Ausschreibungen sind in den meisten deutschen Ländern möglich; häufig in Ergänzung zum sogenannten Listenverfahren. Was die Besetzung von Funktionsstellen im mittleren Management betrifft, unterscheiden sich die Länder deutlich hinsichtlich des Einflusses der Schulleiterinnen und Schulleiter auf den Besetzungsvorgang. Unterschiede bestehen auch hinsichtlich der Zuweisung von Personalbudgets und der Möglichkeit, befristete Verträge abzuschließen.