bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific differences in oxidative DNA damage after hydrogen peroxide exposure of sea urchin coelomocytes
Authors: Liu Fengjia , Last Kim S , Henry Theodore B , Reinardy Helena C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interspecific comparison of DNA damage can provide information on the relative vulnerability of marine organisms to toxicants that induce oxidative genotoxicity. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an oxidative toxicant that causes DNA strand breaks and nucleotide oxidation and is used in multiple industries including Atlantic salmon aquaculture to treat infestations of ectoparasitic sea lice. H2O2 (up to 100 mM) can be released into the water after sea lice treatment, with potential consequences of exposure in nontarget marine organisms. The objective of the current study was to measure and compare differences in levels of H2O2-induced oxidative DNA damage in coelomocytes from Scottish sea urchins Echinus esculentus, Paracentrotus lividus, and Psammechinus miliaris. Coelomocytes were exposed to H2O2 (0–50 mM) for 10 min, cell concentration and viability were quantified, and DNA damage was measured by the fast micromethod, an alkaline unwinding DNA method, and the modified fast micromethod with nucleotide-specific enzymes. Cell viability was &gt;92% in all exposures and did not differ from controls. Psammechinus miliaris coelomocytes had the highest oxidative DNA damage with 0.07 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01, and 0.07 ± 0.01 strand scission factors (mean ± SD) after incubation with phosphate-buffered saline, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, and endonuclease-III, respectively, at 50 mM H2O2. Exposures to 0.5 mM H2O2 (100-fold dilution from recommended lice treatment concentration) induced oxidative DNA damage in all three species of sea urchins, suggesting interspecific differences in vulnerabilities to DNA damage and/or DNA repair mechanisms. Understanding impacts of environmental genotoxicants requires understanding species-specific susceptibilities to DNA damage, which can impact long-term stability in sea urchin populations in proximity to aquaculture farms.
The transcriptional coactivator Eya1 exerts transcriptional repressive activity by interacting with REST corepressors and REST-binding sequences to maintain nephron progenitor identity
Authors: Li Jun , Cheng Chunming , Xu Jinshu , Zhang Ting , Tokat Bengu , Dolios Georgia , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Shen Li , Wang Rong , Xu Pin-Xian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eya1 is critical for establishing and maintaining nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). It belongs to a family of proteins called phosphatase-transcriptional activators but without intrinsic DNA-binding activity. However, the spectrum of the Eya1-centered networks is underexplored. Here, we combined transcriptomic, genomic and proteomic approaches to characterize gene regulation by Eya1 in the NPCs. We identified Eya1 target genes, associated cis-regulatory elements and partner proteins. Eya1 preferentially occupies promoter sequences and interacts with general transcription factors (TFs), RNA polymerases, different types of TFs, chromatin-remodeling factors with ATPase or helicase activity, and DNA replication/repair proteins. Intriguingly, we identified REST-binding motifs in 76% of Eya1-occupied sites without H3K27ac-deposition, which were present in many Eya1 target genes upregulated in Eya1-deficient NPCs. Eya1 copurified REST-interacting chromatin-remodeling factors, histone deacetylase/lysine demethylase, and corepressors. Coimmunoprecipitation validated physical interaction between Eya1 and Rest/Hdac1/Cdyl/Hltf in the kidneys. Collectively, our results suggest that through interactions with chromatin-remodeling factors and specialized DNA-binding proteins, Eya1 may modify chromatin structure to facilitate the assembly of regulatory complexes that regulate transcription positively or negatively. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for how Eya1 exerts its activity by forming unique multiprotein complexes in various biological processes to maintain the cellular state of NPCs.
Impact of incremental initiation of haemodialysis on mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Caton Emma , Sharma Shivani , Vilar Enric , Farrington Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Incremental haemodialysis initiation entails lower sessional duration and/or frequency than the standard 4 h thrice-weekly approach. Dialysis dose is increased as residual kidney function (RKF) declines. This systematic review evaluates its safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 27 February 2022. Eligible studies compared incremental haemodialysis (sessions either fewer than three times weekly or of duration &lt;3.5 h) with standard treatment. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events, loss of RKF, quality of life and cost effectiveness. The study protocol was prospectively registered. Risk of bias assessment used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool, as appropriate. Meta-analyses were undertaken in Review Manager, Version 5.4.

Results
A total of 644 records were identified. Twenty-six met the inclusion criteria, including 22 cohort studies and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Sample size ranged from 48 to 50 596 participants (total 101 476). We found no mortality differences (hazard ratio = 0.99; 95% CI 0.80–1.24). Cohort studies suggested similar hospitalization rates though the two small RCTs suggested less hospitalization after incremental initiation (relative risk = 0.31; 95% CI 0.18–0.54). Data on other treatment-emergent adverse events and quality of life was limited. Observational studies suggested reduced loss of RKF in incremental haemodialysis. This was not supported by RCT data. Four studies reported reduced costs of incremental treatments.

Conclusions
Incremental initiation of haemodialysis does not confer greater risk of mortality compared with standard treatment. Hospitalization may be reduced and costs are lower.
In situ resource utilization of lunar soil for highly efficient extraterrestrial fuel and oxygen supply
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Low Jingxiang , Zhu Qing , Jiang Yawen , Yu Xiwen , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Fei , Shang Weiwei , Long Ran , Yao Yingfang , Yao Wei , Jiang Jun , Luo Yi , Wang Weihua , Yang Jinlong , Zou Zhigang , Xiong Yujie 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Building up a lunar settlement is the ultimate aim of lunar exploitation. Yet, limited fuel and oxygen supplies restrict human survival on the Moon. Herein, we demonstrate the in situ resource utilization of lunar soil for extraterrestrial fuel and oxygen production, which may power up our solely natural satellite and supply respiratory gas. Specifically, the lunar soil is loaded with Cu species and employed for electrocatalytic CO2 conversion, demonstrating significant production of methane. In addition, the selected component in lunar soil (i.e. MgSiO3) loaded with Cu can reach a CH4 Faradaic efficiency of 72.05% with a CH4 production rate of 0.8 mL/min at 600 mA/cm2. Simultaneously, an O2 production rate of 2.3 mL/min can be achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our developed process starting from catalyst preparation to electrocatalytic CO2 conversion is so accessible that it can be operated in an unmmaned manner via a robotic system. Such a highly efficient extraterrestrial fuel and oxygen production system is expected to push forward the development of mankind's civilization toward an extraterrestrial settlement.
A double-edged sword with a therapeutic target: iron and ferroptosis in immune regulation
Authors: Ni Shuo , Yuan Yin , Song Shangdao , Li Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCellular activities such as DNA synthesis, adenosine triphosphate production, and mitochondrial respiration are affected by iron metabolism. Disturbance of iron homeostasis usually leads to damage in cells and organs in the context of iron overload or deficiency. Thus, iron, a key regulator in nutritional immunity, was shown to be critical in innate and adaptive immunity. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis, a feature of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is thought to be associated with immune regulation because of its immunogenic nature. In this review, we summarize the role of iron and ferroptosis in immune regulation and discuss their therapeutic potential in the treatment of arthropathies like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Improved perception of work following a stress management intervention
Authors: Manford W , Petersen G L , Willert M V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
In the work and stress literature, surprisingly few studies of stress management interventions have evaluated effects on the perceived psychosocial work environment. Using data from a randomized controlled trial we investigated whether the perceived psychosocial work environment and overcommitment to work improved following a group-based, cognitive-behavioural stress management intervention.

Aims
We hypothesized that the participants would experience less job demand, overcommitment and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) as well as higher job control following the intervention.

Methods
Using a wait-list controlled design, 102 participants were randomized to either an intervention group or a wait-list control group. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and follow-up after three, six and nine months, and analysed using mixed model univariate repeated measures analyses of variance. Results are presented as effect sizes using Cohen’s d with confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
Changes from 0 to 3 months for the intervention group were significantly superior to changes for the wait-list control group on all outcomes. The controlled effect size for job demands was d = 0.42 (0.01–0.84 95% CI), for job control d = 0.39 (0.06–0.71 95% CI), for effort-reward imbalance d = 0.61 (0.22–1.01 95% CI) and for overcommitment d = 0.44 (0.06–0.81 95% CI). Improvements were maintained at three months follow-up after the end of treatment.

Conclusions
The intervention improved the perceived psychosocial work environment and attitude to work with small-medium effect sizes. To our knowledge, this is the first paper from a randomized controlled trial of a stress-management intervention reporting on these important outcomes.
Breath Biomarkers of Influenza Infection
Authors: Danaher Patrick J , Phillips Michael , Schmitt Peter , Richard Stephanie A , Millar Eugene V , White Brian K , Okulicz Jason F , Coles Christian L , Burgess Timothy H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced systemically due to varied physiological states such as oxidative stress and are excreted through the lungs. Benchtop and preliminary clinical data suggest that breath testing may be a useful diagnostic modality for viral respiratory tract infections.

Methods
Patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) presenting to a single clinic in San Antonio, Texas, from 3/2017 to 3/2019 submitted a 2-minute breath sample in addition to a nasopharyngeal swab collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for respiratory pathogens. VOCs were assayed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and data were analyzed to identify breath VOC biomarkers that discriminated between ILI patients with and without a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that was positive for influenza.

Results
Demographic, clinical, PCR, and breath data were available for 237 episodes of ILI, among which 32 episodes (13.5%) were PCR positive for influenza. Twenty candidate VOCs identified patients with influenza with greater than random accuracy. A predictive algorithm using 4 candidate biomarkers identified this group with 78% accuracy (74% sensitivity, 70% specificity). Based on their mass spectra, most of these biomarkers were n-alkane derivatives, consistent with products of oxidative stress.

Conclusions
A breath test for VOC biomarkers accurately identified ILI patients with PCR-proven influenza. These findings bolster those of others that a rapid, accurate, universal point-of-care influenza diagnostic test based on assay of exhaled-breath VOCs may be feasible. The next step will be a study of patients with ILI using a simplified method of breath collection that would facilitate translation for use in clinical practice.
Evaluation of Vancomycin Accumulation in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Assadoon Maha S , Pearson Jeffrey C , Kubiak David W , Kovacevic Mary P , Dionne Brandon W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Current vancomycin guidelines recommend early and frequent area-under-the-curve monitoring in patients with obesity. Vancomycin's volume of distribution is likely altered in patients with obesity, which may result in lower serum concentrations initially but lead to accumulation with continued use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of vancomycin accumulation in patients with obesity and identify potential factors associated with accumulation.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study at a tertiary academic medical center. Adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and ≥ 2 vancomycin serum trough concentrations drawn in 2019 were screened for inclusion. The major endpoint was the incidence of vancomycin accumulation defined as ≥ 20% increase in trough concentration within the first 10 days of therapy. Key minor endpoints included incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and factors associated with accumulation.

Results
Of the 443 patients screened, 162 were included. The median age was 56.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 43–65.3), and 62.3% were male. The median weight was 112.7 kg (IQR, 99.8–122.6) and the median BMI was 36.8 kg/m2 (IQR, 33.1–41). The total daily dose median at initiation was 28.7 mg/kg per day (IQR, 25.4–31.2). Accumulation occurred in 99 of 162 patients (61.1%) and AKI occurred in 20 of 140 patients (14.3%). No specific factors were found to be associated with accumulation.

Conclusions
Patients with obesity are likely to experience vancomycin accumulation within the first 10 days of therapy. Clinicians should use frequent monitoring of vancomycin and use caution when interpreting early concentrations in patients with obesity.
Maternal Referral Delays and a Culture of Downstream Blaming Among Healthcare Providers: Causes and Solutions
Authors: Mohan Monali , Ghoshal Rakhi , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patient referral management is an integral part of clinical practice. However, in low-resource settings, referrals are often delayed. The World Health Organization categorizes three types of referral delays; delay in seeking care, in reaching care and in receiving care. Using two case studies of maternal referrals (from a low-resource state in India), this article shows how a culture of downstream blaming permeates referral practice in India. With no referral guidelines to follow, providers in higher-facilities evaluate the clinical decision-making of their peers in lower-facilities based on patient outcome, not on objective measures. The fear of punitive action for an unfavorable maternal outcome is a larger driving factor than patient safety. The article argues for the need to formulate an ecosystem where patient responsibility is shared across the health system. In conclusion, it discusses possible solutions which can bridge communication and information gap between referring facilities.
A conserved glutamate residue in RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 is ADP-ribosylated by the Pseudomonas effector AvrRpm2 to activate RPM1-mediated plant resistance
Authors: Yoon Minsoo , Middleditch Martin J , Rikkerink Erik H A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogens inject effectors into their hosts to hijack and manipulate metabolism, eluding surveillance at the battle frontier on the cell surface. The effector AvrRpm1Pma from Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola functions as an ADP-ribosyl transferase that modifies RESISTANCE TO P. SYRINGAE PV MACULICOLA1 (RPM1)-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4), leading to the activation of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) resistance protein RPM1. Here we confirmed the ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of another bacterial effector, AvrRpm2Psa from P. syringae pv. actinidiae, via sequential inoculation of Pseudomonas strain Pto DC3000 harboring avrRpm2Psa following Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of RIN4 in Nicotiana benthamiana. We conducted mutational analysis in combination with mass spectrometry to locate the target site in RIN4. A conserved glutamate residue (Glu156) is the most likely target for AvrRpm2Psa, as only Glu156 could be ADP-ribosylated to activate RPM1 among candidate target residues identified from the MS/MS fragmentation spectra. Soybean (Glycine max) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) RIN4 homologs without glutamate at the positions corresponding to Glu156 of Arabidopsis RIN4 are not ADP-ribosylated by bacterial AvrRpm2Psa. In contrast to the effector AvrB, AvrRpm2Psa does not require the phosphorylation of Thr166 in RIN4 to activate RPM1. Therefore, separate biochemical reactions by different pathogen effectors may trigger the activation of the same resistance protein via distinct modifications of RIN4.
Transcription factor WRKY28 curbs WRKY33-mediated resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhang Ka , Liu Fei , Wang Zhixin , Zhuo Chenjian , Hu Kaining , Li Xiaoxia , Wen Jing , Yi Bin , Shen Jinxiong , Ma Chaozhi , Fu Tingdong , Tu Jinxing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes substantial damage and loss of yield in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The molecular mechanisms of oilseed rape defense against Sclerotinia remain elusive. In this study, we found that in the early stages of B. napus infection a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade mediated by BnaA03.MKK5-BnaA06.MPK3/BnaC03.MPK3 module phosphorylates the substrate BnWRKY33, enhancing its transcriptional activity. The activated BnWRKY33 binds to its own promoter and triggers a transcriptional burst of BnWRKY33, thus helping plants effectively resist the pathogenic fungi by enhancing the expression of phytoalexin synthesis-related genes. The expression of BnWRKY33 is fine-tuned during defense. Ongoing Sclerotinia infection induces BnaA03.WRKY28 and BnaA09.VQ12 expression. BnaA09.VQ12 interacts physically with BnaA03.WRKY28 to form a protein complex, causing BnaA03.WRKY28 to outcompete BnWRKY33 and bind to the BnWRKY33 promoter. BnaA03.WRKY28 induction suppresses BnWRKY33 expression in the later stages of infection but promotes branch formation in the leaf axils by regulating the expression of branching-related genes such as BnBRC1. BnaA03.WRKY28 participates in the trade-off between defense and growth. These findings suggest that oilseed rape plants may modulate defense-response strength and develop alternative reproduction and survival strategies in the face of lethal pathogens.
NDFIP1 limits cellular TAZ accumulation via exosomal sorting to inhibit NSCLC proliferation
Authors: Cheng Yirui , Lu Xin , Li Fan , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Yanshuang , Han Qing , Zeng Qingyu , Wu Tingyu , Li Ziming , Lu Shun , Williams Cecilia , Xia Weiliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
NDFIP1 has been previously reported as a tumor suppressor in multiple solid tumors, but the function of NDFIP1 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Besides, WW-domain containing proteins can be recognized by NDFIP1, resulted in the loading of the target proteins into exosomes. However, whether WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ) can be packaged into exosomes by NDFIP1 and if so, whether the release of this oncogenic protein via exosomes has an effect on tumor development has not been investigated to any extent. Here, we first found that NDFIP1 was low-expressed in NSCLC samples and cell lines, which is associated with shorter OS. Then, we confirmed the interaction between TAZ and NDFIP1, and the existence of TAZ in exosomes, which requires NDFIP1. Critically, knockout of NDFIP1 led to TAZ accumulation with no change of its mRNA level and degradation rate. And the cellular TAZ level could be altered by exosome secretion. Furthermore, NDFIP1 inhibited proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and silencing TAZ eliminated the increase of proliferation caused by NDFIP1 knockout. Moreover, TAZ was negatively correlated with NDFIP1 in subcutaneous xenograft model and clinical samples, and serum exosomal TAZ level was lower in NSCLC patients. In summary, our data uncovers a new tumor suppressor, NDFIP1 in NSCLC and a new exosome-related regulatory mechanism of TAZ.
Whole grain consumption and risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Liu Tong , Xu Chang , Driban Jeffery B , Liang Ge-yu , Zhang Xue-hong , Hu Frank B , McAlindon Timothy , Lu Bing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the association of whole grain consumption with the risk of incident knee OA.

Material and methods
We followed 2846 participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative ages 45–79 years. Participants were free from radiographic knee OA (Kellgren–Lawrence grade &lt;2) in at least one knee at baseline. Dietary data from baseline were obtained using the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire. We defined radiographic knee OA incidence as a Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2 during the subsequent 96 months. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between whole grain food intake and the risk of incident knee OA.

Results
During the 96 month follow-up, 518 participants (691 knees) developed incident radiographic knee OA. Higher total whole grain consumption was significantly associated with a lower knee OA risk [hazard ratio (HR)quartile 4vs1 = 0.66 (95% CI 0.52, 0.84), P for trend &lt; 0.01] after adjusting for demographic and socio-economic factors, clinical factors and other dietary factors related to OA. Consistently, a significant inverse association of dark bread consumption with knee OA risk was observed [HRquartile 4vs1 = 0.68 (95% CI 0.53, 0.87), P for trend &lt; 0.01). In addition, we observed a significant inverse association between higher cereal fibre intake and reduced knee OA risk [HRquartile 4vs1 = 0.61 (95% CI 0.46, 0.81), P for trend &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Our findings revealed a significant inverse association of whole grain consumption with knee OA risk. These findings provide evidence that eating a diet rich in whole grains may be a potential nutritional strategy to prevent knee OA.