bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Renal Involvement in Patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dayo Abdul Rashid , Tunio Yar Muhammad , Memon Shahzad , Aamer Nasrullah , Dass Rajesh Jamna , Farhad Ruqayya 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of renal involvement in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Teaching Hospital Sukkur, Pakistan, during six months after the approval of synopsis from October 30, 2018 to April 29, 2019. All the SLE patients fulfilling the clinical and laboratory criteria of the American Rheumatism Association, aged between 18 to 40 years and of either gender, who visited above stated study setting were included. Well-versed written consent was obtained after explaining the risks, procedure, and benefits of this study. Proven cases of Systemic Lupus erythematosus were assessed for renal involvement indicated by proteinuria >0.5 gm/24 hrs. or cellular casts (tubular, red, and granular cells) or serum creatinine >1.3 mg/dl. The study data was recorded electronically using proforma.
Results: Mean of patients’ age was 29.11±5.80 years. Mean ± SD of serum urea, serum creatinine, and serum albumin was 48.58±18.61, 1.28±0.43 and 3.44±0.42 mg/dL respectively. Mean of urine protein was 1448.88±1278.76 mg. Out of 95 patients, 37 were males and 58 were females. Renal involvement was noted in 34 (35.8%) patients.
Conclusion: In conclusion, renal involvement is very prevalent in people with systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients should get a kidney biopsy as early as clinical indications of nephritis appear in order to expedite treatment decisions and reduce the risk of irreparable kidney damage caused by inflammation.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Performance: Study on the Effectiveness of Training among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Raja . , Badil . , Gulsher . , Ali Junaid , Kumar Arjan 
Published: February 2022

Nurses are the integral part of health care delivery system and play a vital role in critical areas. Nurses are required to respond quickly and effectively in the situation of cardiac arrest and the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation depends upon their competence. Nurses’ knowledge, preparedness and skills in regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation have to be at advanced level. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of advanced cardiovascular life support training among nurses at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental (pre and post) study was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was accomplished at Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi for the period of ten months from December 2018 to September 2019.
Methodology: Sample size was calculated through PASS version 11.0 with proportion formula, calculated sample size was 180 nurses. Nurses’ responses regarding advanced cardiovascular life support were assessed by validated and structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. The mean score of pre-test and post-test of advanced cardiovascular life support training were computed by using paired t-test. p-value ≤0.05 were considered as level of significance.
Results: The pre mean of advanced cardiac life support score was 19.28±5.29. While, after training mean score of advanced cardiac life support score was 22.38±4.0. It is also statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Successful resuscitation in patients with cardiac emergencies necessitates early credit of condition, prompt activation of responders, timely and effective basic life support and timed defibrillation when needed. Formal basic life support and advanced cardiovascular life support trainings are essential for nurses to enhance their skills that lead to improve victim survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
From Fully Strained to Relaxed: Epitaxial Ferroelectric Al1‐xScxN for III‐N Technology
Authors: Schönweger Georg , Petraru Adrian , Islam Md Redwanul , Wolff Niklas , Haas Benedikt , Hammud Adnan , Koch Christoph , Kienle Lorenz , Kohlstedt Hermann , Fichtner Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent emergence of wurtzite‐type nitride ferroelectrics such as Al1‐xScxN has paved the way for the introduction of all‐epitaxial, all‐wurtzite‐type ferroelectric III‐N semiconductor heterostructures. This paper presents the first in‐depth structural and electrical characterization of such an epitaxial heterostructure by investigating sputter deposited Al1‐xScxN solid solutions with x between 0.19 and 0.28 grown over doped n‐GaN. The results of detailed structural investigations on the strain state and the initial unit‐cell polarity with the peculiarities observed in the ferroelectric response are correlated. Among these, a Sc‐content dependent splitting of the ferroelectric displacement current into separate peaks, which can be correlated with the presence of multiple strain states in the Al1‐xScxN films is discussed. Unlike in previously reported studies on ferroelectric Al1‐xScxN, all films thicker than 30 nm grown on the metal (M)‐polar GaN template feature an initial multidomain state. The results support that regions with opposed polarities in as‐grown films do not result as a direct consequence of the in‐plane strain distribution, but are rather mediated by the competition between M‐polar epitaxial growth on an M‐polar template and a deposition process that favors nitrogen (N)‐polar growth.
Implanting Single Zn Atoms Coupled with Metallic Co Nanoparticles into Porous Carbon Nanosheets Grafted with Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Ruirui , Wu Renbing , Yan Xiaoxiao , Liu Da , Guo Peifang , Li Wei , Pan Hongge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries is severely hindered by the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, an integrated composite catalyst consisting of Co nanoparticles and single‐atom (SA) Zn co‐implanted in nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets grafted with carbon nanotubes (Co/SA‐Zn@N‐C/CNTs) is rationally developed toward this challenge. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the synergistically dual active sites of Co and atomic Zn‐N4 moieties with an optimal charge redistribution not only strongly confine the LiPSs but also effectively catalyze its conversion reactions by lowering the energy barrier from Li2S2 to Li2S while the N‐doped porous carbon‐grafted CNTs enables a large surface area for more active site exposure and provides a fast electron/ion pathway. Benefiting from synergies, Li‐S batteries equipped with the Co/SA‐Zn@N‐C/CNTs‐based sulfur cathode exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1302 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a low capacity fading rate of 0.033% per cycle over 800 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, a high areal capacity of 4.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C with the sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2 can be achieved. The present work may provide new insight into the design of high‐performance sulfur‐based cathodes for Li‐S batteries.
A Multi‐Responsive MXene‐Based Actuator with Integrated Sensing Function
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Liu Hai , Yuan Li , Tian Xuemin , Xue Xianyang , Li Tongkuai , Yin Luqiao , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoft actuators have demonstrated promising applications in artificial muscles, bionic robotics, smart apparatus, and beyond. Nevertheless, most of the current soft actuators only present actuating features without any real‐time sensory feedbacks, which may prohibit the timely correction of actuation error leading to the damage of the systems and target objects especially in some interactive applications. Here, a multi‐responsive actuator with self‐sensing function is enabled by a bilayer structure composing of MXene coated‐paper and polyethylene. This actuator can be triggered by multi‐stimuli and performs large deformation with low power consumption but high response speed because of the remarkable photothermal and hygroscopic performance of MXene. Meanwhile, this actuator can detect its own deformation with an amplified sensing signal on the basis of the synergetic strain‐ and stimulus‐resistance response of the MXene coated‐paper. It is demonstrated that this actuator can not only serve as a multi‐responsive switch to monitor the environmental temperature and humidity, but also as a smart gripper. This multi‐responsive actuator with self‐sensing function provides a potential application in the field of soft robotics, intelligent switch, and bionic prosthesis.
Flexible Temperature Sensors Constructed with Fiber Materials
Authors: Cai Junyi , Du Mingjuan , Li Zhaoling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate and real‐time detection of human body temperature changes is crucial to understand thermal homeostasis, to access complex health conditions, and to further build a smart healthcare system. Recent years have seen temperature sensors open up many potential applications in electronic skin, artificial intelligence, and next‐generation smart robots. Currently, traditional mercury and infrared thermometers are extensively used for human body temperature detection. However, they still suffer from rigid appearance, slow response, insufficient sensitivity, low accuracy, and potential harm risk to the users. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop more breathable, deformable, and economically available functional materials to construct the flexible high performance temperature sensors. Alternatively, fiber materials have attracted more attention owing to their soft, flexible, deformable, and porous features. This review summarizes a comprehensive research advancement in the field of flexible temperature sensors constructed with fiber materials. Temperature sensing mechanisms, functional constructing materials, performance characterizations, practical applications, and fiber‐based temperature sensors with different structural designs are systematically introduced at great length. Research outlook and prospects will be presented to inspire the potential readers.
Generation and Culture of Cardiac Microtissues in a Microfluidic Chip with a Reversible Open Top Enables Electrical Pacing, Dynamic Drug Dosing and Endothelial Cell Co‐Culture
Authors: Vivas Aisen , IJspeert Camilo , Pan Jesper Yue , Vermeul Kim , van den Berg Albert , Passier Robert , Keller Stephan Sylvest , van der Meer Andries D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease morbidity has increased worldwide. Organs‐on‐chips and human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies aid to overcome some of the limitations in cardiac in vitro models. Here, a bi‐compartmental, monolithic heart‐on‐chip device that facilitates porous membrane integration in a single fabrication step is presented. Moreover, the device includes open‐top compartments that allow facile co‐culture of hPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes and human adult cardiac fibroblast into geometrically defined cardiac microtissues. The device can be reversibly closed with a glass seal or a lid with fully customized 3D‐printed pyrolytic carbon electrodes allowing electrical stimulation of cardiac microtissues. A subjacent microfluidic channel allowed localized and dynamic drug administration to the cardiac microtissues, as demonstrated by a chronotropic response to isoprenaline. Moreover, the microfluidic channel can also be populated with human induced pluripotent stem‐derived endothelial cells allowing co‐culture of heterotypic cardiac cells in one device. Overall, this study demonstrates a novel heart‐on‐chip model that systematically integrates an open‐top device with a 3D printed carbon electrode for electrical pacing and culture of cardiac tissues while enabling active perfusion and dynamic drug dosing. Advances in the engineering of human heart‐on‐chip models represent an important step towards making organ‐on‐a‐chip technology a routine aspect of preclinical cardiac drug development.
Chemical Doping of the Organic Semiconductor C8‐BTBT‐C8 Using an Aqueous Iodine Solution for Device Mobility Enhancement
Authors: Li Jinghai , Babuji Adara , Temiño Inés , Salzillo Tommaso , D'Amico Francesco , Pfattner Raphael , Ocal Carmen , Barrena Esther , Mas‐Torrent Marta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe performance of organic field‐effect transistors is still severely limited by factors such as contact resistance and charge trapping. Chemical doping is considered to be a promising key enabler for improving device performance, although there is a limited number of established doping protocols as well as a lack of understanding of the doping mechanisms. Here, a very simple doping methodology based on exposing an organic semiconductor thin film to an aqueous iodine solution is reported. The doped devices exhibit enhanced device mobility, which becomes channel‐length independent, a decreased threshold voltage and a reduction in the density of interfacial traps. The device OFF current is not altered, which is in agreement with the spectroscopic data that points out that no charge transfer processes are occurring. Kelvin probe force microscopy characterization of the devices under operando conditions unambiguously proves that an important reduction of the contact resistance takes place after their exposition to the iodine solution, reaching almost ohmic contact.
Microneedle‐Directed Drug Delivery to Tumor‐Draining Lymph Node for Synergistic Combination Chemoimmunotherapy for Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Jung Jaeback , Lim Su Yeon , Kim Dahwun , Lyu Siyan , Whang Ouibo , Park Chaeeun , Kim Byung Deok , Lee Min Sang , Jeong Ji Hoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemoimmunotherapy based on the combination of anticancer agents and immune modulators is considered as a promising anticancer therapeutic approach that leads to tumor cell death and tumor‐specific immune responses, suppressing the growth of metastatic tumors in distal sites. However, the undesirable systemic immune responses and cytotoxicity caused by chemoimmunotherapy should be reduced prior to clinical translation. This study aimed to design an amphiphilic triblock copolymer‐based dissolving microneedle (MN), which can generate nanomicelles (PTX/R848@NMC) containing a poorly water‐soluble anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), and an immune modulator, resiquimod (R848). The combination of PTX and R848 synergistically induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in melanoma cells (B16F10) at reduced PTX concentrations without compromising the viability and functions of dendritic cells (DCs). After cutaneous application of MN to tumor‐bearing mice, the PTX/R848@NMC generated from the dissolution of MN can migrate to tumor‐draining lymph nodes, resulting in the death of metastatic tumor cells and the activation and maturation of DCs. Tumor‐specific immune responses can effectively suppress the growth of primary and metastatic secondary tumors.
Regulation of Neural Differentiation of ADMSCs using Graphene‐Mediated Wireless‐Localized Electrical Signals Driven by Electromagnetic Induction
Authors: Guo Zhijie , Sun Chunhui , Yang Hongru , Gao Haoyang , Liang Na , Wang Jian , Hu Shuang , Ren Na , Pang Jinbo , Wang Jingang , Meng Ning , Han Lin , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) isolated from patients’ fat are considered as the most important autologous stem cells for tissue repair, significant difficulties in the neural differentiation of ADMSCs still impede stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, a wireless‐electrical stimulation method is proposed to direct the neural differentiation of ADMSCs based on the electromagnetic effect using a graphene film as a conductive scaffold. By placing a rotating magnet on the top of a culture system without any inducer, the ADMSCs cultured on graphene differentiate into functional neurons within 15 days. As a conductive biodegradable nanomaterial, graphene film acts as a wireless electrical signal generator driven by the electromagnetic induction, and millivolt‐level voltage generated in situ provokes ADMSCs to differentiate into neurons, proved by morphological variation, extremely high levels of neuron‐specific genes, and proteins. Most importantly, Ca2+intracellular influx is observed in these ADMSC‐derived neurons once exposure to neurotransmitters, indicating that these cells are functional neurons. This research enhances stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases using autologous ADMSCs and overcomes the lack of neural stem cells. This nanostructure‐mediated physical‐signal simulation method is inexpensive, safe, and localized, and has a significant impact on neural regeneration.
Strong Oxide‐Support Interaction over IrO2/V2O5 for Efficient pH‐Universal Water Splitting
Authors: Zheng Xiaozhong , Qin Minkai , Ma Shuangxiu , Chen Yuzhuo , Ning Honghui , Yang Rui , Mao Shanjun , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing strong oxide‐support interaction (SOSI) is compelling for modulating the atomic configurations and electronic structures of supported catalysts. Herein, ultrafine iridium oxide nanoclusters (≈1 nm) are anchored on vanadium oxide support (IrO2/V2O5) via SOSI. The as made catalyst, with a unique distorted IrO2 structure, is discovered to significantly boost the performance for pH‐universal oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Based on experimental results and theoretical calculations, the distorted IrO2 active sites with flexible redox states in IrO2/V2O5 server as electrophilic centers balance the adsorption of oxo‐intermediates and effectively facilitate the process of OO coupling, eventually propelling the fast turnover of water oxidation. As a result, IrO2/V2O5 demonstrates not only ultralow overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (266 mV, pH = 0; 329 mV, pH = 7; 283 mV, pH = 14) for OER, but also high‐performance overall water electrolysis over a broad pH range, with a potential of mere 1.50 V (pH = 0), 1.65 V (pH = 7) or 1.49 V (pH = 14) at 10 mA cm−2. In addition, SOSI can simultaneously secure the distorted active sites and thus remarkably improving the catalytic stability, making it a promising strategy to develop high‐performance catalytic systems.
2D MXene: A Potential Candidate for Photovoltaic Cells? A Critical Review
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Shahzad Asif , Rasool Kashif , Mateen Fahad , Oh Jae‐Min , Shim Jae Won 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (2D MXenes) are a versatile class of 2D materials for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The numerous advantages of MXenes, including their excellent metallic conductivity, high optical transmittance, solution processability, tunable work‐function, and hydrophilicity, make them suitable for deployment in PV technology. This comprehensive review focuses on the synthesis methodologies and properties of MXenes and MXene‐based materials for PV systems. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx), a well‐known member of the MXene family, has been studied in many PV applications. Herein, the effectiveness of Ti3C2Tx as an additive in different types of PV cells, and the synergetic impact of Ti3C2Tx as an interfacial material on the photovoltaic performance of PV cells, are systematically examined. Subsequently, the utilization of Ti3C2Tx as a transparent conductive electrode, and its influence on the stability of the PV cells, are discussed. This review also considers problems that emerged from previous studies, and provides guidelines for the further exploration of Ti3C2Tx and other members of the 2D MXene family in PV technology. This timely study is expected to provide comprehensive understanding of the current status of MXenes, and to set the direction for the future development in 2D material design and processing for PVs.
Identification of a New Cholesterol‐Binding Site within the IFN‐γ Receptor that is Required for Signal Transduction
Authors: Morana Ornella , Nieto‐Garai Jon Ander , Björkholm Patrik , Bernardino de la Serna Jorge , Terrones Oihana , Arboleya Aroa , Ciceri Dalila , Rojo‐Bartolomé Iratxe , Blouin Cédric M. , Lamaze Christophe , Lorizate Maier , Contreras Francesc‐Xabier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cytokine interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) is a master regulator of innate and adaptive immunity involved in a broad array of human diseases that range from atherosclerosis to cancer. IFN‐γ exerts it signaling action by binding to a specific cell surface receptor, the IFN‐γ receptor (IFN‐γR), whose activation critically depends on its partition into lipid nanodomains. However, little is known about the impact of specific lipids on IFN‐γR signal transduction activity. Here, a new conserved cholesterol (chol) binding motif localized within its single transmembrane domain is identified. Through direct binding, chol drives the partition of IFN‐γR2 chains into plasma membrane lipid nanodomains, orchestrating IFN‐γR oligomerization and transmembrane signaling. Bioinformatics studies show that the signature sequence stands for a conserved chol‐binding motif presented in many mammalian membrane proteins. The discovery of chol as the molecular switch governing IFN‐γR transmembrane signaling represents a significant advance for understanding the mechanism of lipid selectivity by membrane proteins, but also for figuring out the role of lipids in modulating cell surface receptor function. Finally, this study suggests that inhibition of the chol‐IFNγR2 interaction may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for various IFN‐γ‐dependent diseases.
Oxalate Pushes Efficiency of CsPb0.7Sn0.3IBr2 Based All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells to over 14%
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Liu Heng , Qi Xingnan , Yu Yinye , Zhou Yecheng , Xia Yu , Cui Jieshun , Shi Yueqing , Chen Rui , Wang Hsing‐Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently gained growing attention as a promising template to solve the thermal instability of organic–inorganic PSCs. However, the relatively low device efficiency hinders its further development. Herein, highly efficient and stable CsPb0.7Sn0.3IBr2 compositional perovskite‐based inorganic PSCs are fabricated by introducing appropriate amount of multifunctional zinc oxalate (ZnOX). In addition to offset Pb and Sn vacancies through Zn2+ ions incorporation, the oxalate group can strongly interact with undercoordinated metal ions to regulate film crystallization, delivering perovskite film with low defect density, high crystallinity, and superior electronic properties. Correspondingly, the resulting device delivers a champion efficiency of 14.1%, which presents the highest reported efficiency for bromine‐rich inorganic PSCs thus far. More importantly, chemically reducing oxalate group can effectively suppress the notorious oxidation of Sn2+, leading to significant enhancement on air stability.