bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomaterials Technology for AgroFood Resilience
Authors: Sun Hui , Cao Yunteng , Kim Doyoon , Marelli Benedetto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis review article highlights recent advances in designing biomaterials to be interfaced with food and plants, with the goal of enhancing the resilience of the AgroFood infrastructure by boosting crop production, mitigating environmental impact, and reducing losses along the supply chain. Special attention is given to innovations in biomaterial‐based approaches and platforms for 1) seed enhancement through encapsulation, preservation, and controlled release of payloads (e.g., plant growth‐promoting microbes) to the seeds and their rhizosphere; 2) precision delivery of multi‐scale payloads to targeted plant tissues, organelles, and vasculature; 3) edible food coatings that regulate gas exchanges and provide antimicrobial properties to extend the shelf life of perishable food; and 4) food spoilage detection based on different sensor/reporter systems. Within each domain, biomaterials design principles, emerging micro‐/nanofabrication strategies, and the advantages and disadvantages of different delivery/preservation/sensing platforms are introduced and critically discussed. Views of future requirements, aims, and trends are also given based on the opportunities and challenges of applying biomaterials in the AgroFood system.
NiOx Nanocrystals with Tunable Size and Energy Levels for Efficient and UV Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Xiaxia , Jin Junjun , Zou Junjie , Tang Qiang , Ai Yuan , Zhang Xiang , Wang Zhen , Zhou Yuan , Zhu Zhenkun , Tang Guanqi , Cao Qiang , Liu Sheng , Liu Xiaowei , Tai Qidong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed nickel oxide nanocrystals (NiOx NCs) ink can be facilely applied to deposit NiOx thin films as the hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Both the efficiency and stability of the corresponding PSCs depend significantly on the size and the energy levels of the as‐synthesized NiOx NCs; however, previous studies have shown that these two aspects can be hardly controlled synchronously to maximize the device performance. Herein, a novel synthesis of highly dispersed NiOx NCs is demonstrated by employing tetraalkylammonium hydroxides (TAAOHs, alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) as precipitating bases, where the varied alkyl chain lengths of TAAOHs enable the size control of the NiOx NCs and the subsequent altering of their Ni3+ contents, leading to tunable energy levels of the NiOx thin films. With the longest butyl chain, the smallest crystal size and the optimal energy level alignment at the NiOx/perovskite interface are achieved. After further passivating the detrimental Ni3+ species on the surface of NiOx HTL, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 23% is obtained, which is one of the highest PCEs reported for NiOx‐based inverted PSCs. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device exhibits excellent ultraviolet stability, which maintains ≈87% of its PCE after 200 h exposure.
Choice of Binder on Conversion Type CuO Nanoparticles toward Building High Energy Li‐Ion Capacitors: An Approach Beyond Intercalation
Authors: Akshay Manohar , Subramanyan Krishnan , Divya Madhusoodhanan Lathika , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, the assembly of lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) is described by pairing conversion type CuO nanoparticles recovered from the Cu current collector of spent lithium‐ion batteries (r‐CuO) as battery type electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the capacitor type electrode. The Li‐storage property of r‐CuO is studied in the presence of two binders (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF and carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) and found the aptness of CMC in comparison with PVDF. Accordingly, the Li/r‐CuO half‐cells with CMC binder exhibits better electrochemical performance such that even after 150 charge–discharge cycles, the cells could retain a specific capacity of ≈680 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. The assembled LIC (AC/r‐Cu0+Li2O) having electrochemically pre‐lithiated r‐CuO phase with balanced mass loading of AC can exhibit a maximum energy density of 65.6 Wh kg−1 with excellent cyclic stability at 2 A g−1 for 10,000 cycles with ≈80% capacity retention. It is worth mentioning that the thus fabricated LIC shows decent performance at high (50 °C) and low (−5 and 10 °C) temperature conditions.
Transition Metal‐Free Radical α‐Oxy C−H Cyclobutylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Gao Han , Guo Lin , Shi Chengcheng , Zhu Yining , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free photoinduced radical‐mediated α‐oxy C−H cyclobutylation reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB) compounds was described. In this protocol, α‐oxy C(sp3)−H motifs including ethers and alcohols were activated via photocatalytic conditions, releasing the ring strain of BCBs and generating 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutanes in 40–80% yields. Control experiments and Stern‐Volmer quenching experiments indicated that the reaction proceeded through the generation of α‐oxy carbon‐centered radical intermediates by photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process.magnified image
Exploiting the Reducing Properties of Lignin for the Development of an Effective Lignin@Cu2O Pesticide
Authors: Gazzurelli Cristina , Carcelli Mauro , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Mucchino Claudio , Pandolfi Antonio , Migliori Andrea , Pietarinen Suvi , Leonardi Giuliano , Rogolino Dominga , Pelagatti Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLignin is a natural polymer produced in huge amounts by the paper industry. Innovative applications of lignin, especially in agriculture, represent a valuable way to develop a more sustainable economy. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, combined with its biodegradability, make it particularly attractive for the development of plant protection products. Copper is an element that has long been used as a pesticide in agriculture. Despite its recognized antimicrobial activity, the concerns derived from its negative environmental impact is forcing research to move toward the development of more effective and sustainable copper‐based pesticides. Here a simple and sustainable way of synthesizing a new hybrid material composed of Cu2O nanocrystals embedded into lignin, named Lignin@Cu2O is presented. The formation of cuprite nanocrystals leaves the biopolymer intact, as evidenced by infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Pyrolysis‐GC analysis. The combined activity of lignin and cuprite make Lignin@Cu2O effective against Listeria monocytogenes and Rhizoctonia solani at low copper dosage, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo tests conducted on tomato plants.
The impact of COVID‐19 trade measures on agricultural and food trade
Authors: Ahn Soojung , Steinbach Sandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses the determinants of temporary non‐tariff measures (NTMs) in response to COVID‐19 and their implications for the agricultural and food trade. Using a control function approach, we show that economic and pandemic considerations played an essential role in implementing such NTMs. Relying on variation between treated and untreated varieties, we estimate a dynamic post‐event trade response of 5.4% for import facilitating and −27.5% for export restricting NTMs. After revoking them, their trade effects fade away, implying that these temporary trade policies were effective in achieving the set policy goals, causing only a limited degree of long‐term trade disruptions.
Combining CD34+ stem cell selection with prophylactic pathogen and leukemia directed T‐cell immunotherapy to simultaneously reduce graft versus host disease, infection, and leukemia recurrence after allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Gottlieb David J. , Sutrave Gaurav , Jiang Wei , Avdic Selmir , Street Janine A. , Simms Renee , Clancy Leighton E. , Antonenas Vicki , Gloss Brian S. , Bateman Caroline , Bishop David C. , Micklethwaite Kenneth P. , Blyth Emily 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe designed a trial to simultaneously address the problems of graft versus host disease (GVHD), infection, and recurrence of malignancy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. CD34+ stem cell isolation was used to minimize the development of acute and chronic GVHD. Two prophylactic infusions, one combining donor‐derived cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and Aspergillus fumigatus specific T‐cells and the other comprising donor‐derived CD19 directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) bearing T‐cells, were given 21–28 days after transplant. Two patients were transplanted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia from HLA identical siblings using standard doses of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation without antilymphocyte globulin. Patients received no post‐transplant immune suppression and were given no pre‐CAR T‐cell lymphodepletion. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was prompt. Following adoptive T‐cell infusions, there was rapid appearance of antigen‐experienced CD8+ and to a lesser extent CD4+ T‐cells. Tetramer‐positive T‐cells targeting CMV and EBV appeared rapidly after T‐cell infusion and persisted for at least 1 year. CAR T‐cell expansion occurred and persisted for up to 3 months. T‐cell receptor tracking confirmed the presence of product‐derived T‐cell clones in blood targeting all three pathogens. Both patients are alive over 3 years post‐transplant without evidence of GVHD or disease recurrence. Combining robust donor T‐cell depletion with directed T‐cell adoptive immunotherapy targeting infectious and malignant antigens permits independent modulation of GVHD, infection, and disease recurrence. The combination may separate GVHD from the graft versus tumor effect, accelerate immune reconstitution, and improve transplant tolerability.
Co‐assembled Monolayers as Hole‐Selective Contact for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimized Recombination Loss and Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Deng Xiang , Qi Feng , Li Fengzhu , Wu Shengfan , Lin Francis R. , Zhang Zhuomin , Guan Zhiqiang , Yang Zhengbao , Lee Chun‐Sing , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely employed as an effective way to modify interfaces of electronic/optoelectronic devices. To achieve a good control of the growth and molecular functionality of SAMs, we develop a co‐assembled monolayer (co‐SAM) for obtaining efficient hole selection and suppressed recombination at the hole‐selective interface in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By engineering the position of methoxy substituents, an aligned energy level and favorable dipole moment can be obtained in our newly synthesized SAM, ((2,7‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) methyl) phosphonic acid (DC‐PA). An alkyl ammonium containing SAM is co‐assembled to further optimize the surface functionalization and interaction with perovskite layer on top. A champion device with an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.59 % and improved device stability are achieved. This work demonstrates the advantage of using co‐SAM in improving performance and stability of PSCs.
Chemiluminescent Probes with Long‐Lasting High Brightness for In Vivo Imaging of Neutrophils
Authors: Huang Jingsheng , Cheng Penghui , Xu Cheng , Liew Si Si , He Shasha , Zhang Yan , Pu Kanyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReal‐time optical imaging of immune cells can contribute to understanding their pathophysiological roles, which still remains challenging. Current sensitive chemiluminophores have issues of short half‐lives and low brightness, limiting their ability for in vivo longitudinal monitoring of immunological processes. To tackle these issues, we report benzoazole‐phenoxyl‐dioxetane (BAPD)‐based chemiluminophores with intramolecular hydrogen bonding for in vivo imaging of neutrophils. Compared with the classical counterpart, chemiluminescence half‐lives and brightness of BAPDs in the aqueous solution are increased by ∼ 33‐ and 8.2‐fold, respectively. Based on the BAPD scaffold, a neutrophil elastase‐responsive chemiluminescent probe is developed for real‐time imaging of neutrophils in peritonitis and psoriasis mouse models. Our study provides an intramolecular hydrogen bonding molecular design for improving the performance of chemiluminophores in advanced imaging applications.
Nickel Glyoximate Based Metal–Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sun Lishan , Lu Meng , Yang Zongfan , Yu Zhenyi , Su Xi , Lan Ya‐Qian , Chen Long 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal–covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) have been recently received wide attention owing to the homogeneous distribution of active metal centers that are beneficial for enhancing the application potentials. However, metal complex based functional building blocks for MCOFs synthesis are limited. Herein, two new MCOFs (Ni‐Py‐COF and Ni‐Bn‐COF) were constructed via a novel nickel glyoximate based building block. Splendid photocatalytic activity on hydrogen evolution from water and great long‐term recyclability were achieved using these nickel glyoximate based MCOFs as photocatalysts. Excitingly, even without the addition of Pt co‐catalyst, the hydrogen evolution rates (HER) of Ni‐Py‐COF reached up to 626 μmol g−1 h−1, which is better than many porous organic polymers. This work not only expands the type of building units for MCOFs, but also provides meaningful insights for developing stable, efficient and earth‐abundant photocatalysts toward H2 generation.
Enantiomorphic Single Crystals of Linear Lead(II) Bromide Perovskitoids with White Circularly Polarized Emission
Authors: Jin Kai‐Hang , Zhang Yue , Li Kai‐Jie , Sun Meng‐En , Dong Xi‐Yan , Wang Qing‐Lun , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChiroptical hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites are emerging as a new class of promising materials with mirror optical signal responses for optoelectronic applications. However, chiroptical white‐emission materials have been scarcely unearthed. Herein, four pairs of hybrid lead(II) bromide perovskitoids were obtained, namely, (R)‐ and (S)‐(H2MPz)PbBr4 (R/S‐MPz=(R)‐(−)/(S)‐(+)‐2‐methylpiperazine) (1 and 2), (R)‐ and (S)‐(H2MPz)3Pb2Br10⋅2 DMAc (3 and 4), (R)‐ and (S)‐(H2MPz)PbBr4⋅0.5 MeCN (5 and 6) and (R)‐ and (S)‐(H2MPz)2Pb2Br8⋅DCM (7 and 8). Notably, they all exhibit ultrabroadband emission and chiroptical signals. Perovskitoids 3–6 even achieve white circularly polarized emission with a high dissymmetric factor (glum) (±3×10−3 for 3 and 4; ±8×10−3 for 5 and 6). This new type of hybrid perovskitoids will attract attention and find applications in chiroptical fields because of the extensively and easily tunable photophysical properties.
Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry**
Authors: Hilgers Roelant , Yong Teng Sin , Briš Anamarija , Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , White Paul , Jansen Jeroen J. , Roithová Jana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnantioselective reactions are at the core of chemical synthesis. Their development mostly relies on prior knowledge, laborious product analysis and post‐rationalization by theoretical methods. Here, we introduce a simple and fast method to determine enantioselectivities based on mass spectrometry. The method is based on ion mobility separation of diastereomeric intermediates, formed from a chiral catalyst and prochiral reactants, and delayed reactant labeling experiments to link the mass spectra with the reaction kinetics in solution. The data provide rate constants along the reaction paths for the individual diastereomeric intermediates, revealing the origins of enantioselectivity. Using the derived kinetics, the enantioselectivity of the overall reaction can be predicted. Hence, this method can offer a rapid discovery and optimization of enantioselective reactions in the future. We illustrate the method for the addition of cyclopentadiene (CP) to an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde catalyzed by a diarylprolinol silyl ether.
Flow and crystallization of saturated fatty acid methyl esters and their binary mixtures
Authors: Helsper Sedi , Hatem Wesam A. , Young Lisa , Wilhelm Zane , Liberatore Matthew W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDemand for biodiesel has increased due to being a more environmentally‐friendly fuel. Cold weather operation of biodiesel is challenging due to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in biodiesel. Saturated FAMEs crystallize at relatively high temperatures, increase the viscosity of biodiesel, and can clog fuel lines. Here, several factors altered crystallization temperature (CT) of FAMEs, including composition, shear rate, and cooling rate. The crystallization of pure and binary mixtures of methyl palmitate, methyl myristate, and methyl stearate were studied under shear flow and static conditions. Static phase CTs of pure methyl palmitate, methyl myristate, and methyl stearate were 26, 14, and 35°C, respectively. In binary mixtures, CTs were depressed up to 7°C, which agreed with freezing point depression theory. Increasing shear rate up to 100 s−1 decreased CT by 2°C compared to static conditions. Decreasing cooling rate from 1 to 0.1°C/min increased CT less than 2°C. Overall, FAME composition altered CT more than shear flow or cooling rate for pure and binary mixtures of three FAMEs.
Luminescence and morphological behaviour of the aromatic dipeptide pair having singular structural variability
Authors: Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Agrawal Harsha Gopal , Kumar Mohit , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present manuscript, the luminescence and the self‐assembly behaviour of two aromatic dipeptides with a singular structure variable are investigated. The terminally protected dipeptides tryptophan–tyrosine (WYp) and tryptophan–phenylalanine (WFp) were synthesized using a standard solution phase procedure. Significant solvatochromic effect was observed for both the dipeptidyl entities; whilst the influence was more pronounced for the WYp entity when compared with WFp. Interesting morphological variation was observed for WFp and WYp, in which discrete and interconnected nanospheres were observed for the respective dipeptides. The results obtained signify the influence of the singular structural variation on modulating the overall functional behaviour of the short peptides motifs.
Preoperative and postoperative high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography of cerebellar pathways in posterior fossa tumors
Authors: Ortug Alpen , Yuzbasioglu Neslihan , Akalan Nejat , Levman Jacob , Takahashi Emi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to utilize high angular resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) tractography in the mapping of the pathways of the cerebellum associated with posterior fossa tumors (infratentorial neoplasms) and to determine whether it is useful for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Retrospective data from 30 patients (age 2–16 yr) with posterior fossa tumor (17 low grade, 13 high grade) and 30 age‐sex‐matched healthy controls were used. Structural and diffusion‐weighted images were collected at a 3‐tesla scanner. Tractography was performed using Diffusion Toolkit software, Q‐ball model, FACT algorithm, and angle threshold of 45 degrees. Manually assessed regions of interest were placed to identify reconstructed fiber pathways passing through the superior, medial, and inferior cerebellar peduncles for the preoperative, postoperative, and healthy control groups. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and track volume measures were obtained and analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found between the preop/postop, preop/control, and postop/control comparisons for the volume of the tracts in both groups. Displacement and disruption of the pathways seemed to differ in relation to the severity of the tumor. The loss of pathways after the operation was associated with selective resection during surgery due to tumor infiltration. There were no FA differences but significantly higher ADC in low‐grade tumors, and no difference in both FA and ADC in high‐grade tumors. The effects of posterior fossa tumors on cerebellar peduncles and reconstructed pathways were successfully evaluated by HARDI tractography. The technique appears to be useful not only for preoperative but also for postoperative evaluation.
Antibacterial Mechanism of N‐PMI and the Characteristics of PMMA‐Co‐N‐PMI Copolymer**
Authors: Shi Han , Zhuang Qixin , Zheng Anna , Zhan Pengfei , Guan Yong , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Wu Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAiming at the excellent killing effect of N‐phenylmaleimide (N‐PMI) on microorganisms, this article used structural simulation analysis, fluorescence analysis, confocal laser scanning microscope and SEM to find that the double bond in N‐PMI could interact with the sulfur groups in the membrane protein, changing its conformation, rupturing the plasma membrane of the cell, leaking the contents, and ultimately causing the death of the microorganisms. Therefore, once the double bond participated in the polymerization, N‐PMI lost its antimicrobial function. N‐PMI could achieve azeotropic copolymerization with MMA through reactive extrusion polymerization. N‐PMI with a content of 5 % can be evenly inserted into the PMMA chain segment during the copolymerization reaction, thereby increasing the Tg of pure PMMA by up to 15 °C, which provided the PMMA‐co‐PMI copolymer with resistance to boiling water sterilization advantageous conditions. In addition, N‐PMI with a content of 5 % has little effect on the transparency of PMMA after participating in the copolymerization. Moreover, the trace amount of residual N‐PMI made the material have excellent antimicrobial function, and the bacteriostatic zone is extremely small, which provided an excellent guarantee for the safety and durability of the material. As a medical biological material, the PMMA‐co‐PMI copolymer has a good industrialization application prospects.
Three New Pregnanes Isolated from the Cynanchum auriculatum
Authors: Fan Yi‐Min , Jin Jun , Jian Jun‐You , Gu Wei , Yuan Chun‐Mao , Hu Zhan‐Xing , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Huang Lie‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree new compounds named cynansteroid A (1), cynansteroid B (2) and cynansteroid C (3), together with nine known C21‐steroidal pregnane sapogenins (4–12) were isolated from the hydrolytic extract of the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum. The structures of cynansteroid A–C (1–3) were ascertained via the detailed analysis of the HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and the calculated and experimental ECD data of cynansteroid B (2). Compound 11 displayed moderate inhibitory activity toward Verticillium dahliae Kleb (IC50=37.15 μM), furthermore, compounds 11 and 12 showed significant inhibitory activity against Phomopsis sp. (IC50=16.49 μM and 17.62 μM, respectively).
Americans' financial resilience during the pandemic
Authors: Clark Robert L. , Mitchell Olivia S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow household wellbeing responds to pandemic‐induced financial shocks likely depends on whether people undertake certain actions that enhance their ability to withstand adverse economic events, along with their ability to efficiently respond to the shocks when they occur. This paper examines Americans' financial robustness during the Covid‐19 pandemic, using an index of financial resilience and a measure of financial fragility derived from household surveys of persons age 45–75 in spring of 2020, and in May–June 2021. We estimate the factors associated with resilience and fragility in both years, show how these two measures changed a year into the pandemic, and consider whether resilience in 2020 led to better outcomes in 2021. We conclude that higher initial levels of resilience were, in fact, associated with lower levels of financial fragility a year into the pandemic. These findings suggest that policies and programs that enhance financial resilience can help low and moderate‐income households withstand economic shocks and be able to better address unexpected income needs.