bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traversing between Supra, Macro, and Meso Sites
Authors: Hizli-Alkan Sinem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper examines different curriculum making actors, discourses and practices at different sites and then situate Scotland and Wales within these. I illustrate the interconnected nature of different sites of curriculum making and explain how these exert influences in the two countries while acknowledging their social and cultural differences. Analysing of policy documents suggest that certain supra discourses and trends are evident in both countries following similar curriculum structures. Nevertheless, there are differences in the ways curriculum is constructed and the steps taken for increasing curriculum making capacity.
Resection Versus Observation for Small (≤2 cm) Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Irfan Ahmer , Gleason Frank , Reddy Sushanth , Heslin Martin J. , Rose J Bart 
Published: September 2022

Background We hypothesized that those patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) ≤2 cm managed nonoperatively would have comparable disease progression to individuals undergoing an operation. Methods Patients diagnosed with nonfunctional pNETs ≤ 2 cm who were evaluated at a single comprehensive cancer center from 2010 to 2017 were selected from a cancer registry database. Clinicopathologic variables were obtained via retrospective chart review. Primary outcomes were overall and disease specific survival. Variables were compared between the 2 groups using chi-square and independent t-test. Results Fifty-two individuals had tumors ≤2 cm, of whom 75% had an operation, while 25% were observed. Each treatment arm had similar distributions of gender, race, and tumor location. The most common operation was distal pancreatectomy (n = 29) followed by pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 6). Nine patients had grade III postoperative complications and 4 had grade IV under Clavien-Dindo classification. The observation group was noted to have a mean disease progression interval of 80.9 months, while those who underwent an operation had a mean disease progression interval of 94.6 months ( P = .246). Conclusions Overall disease progression in patients with pNETs ≤ 2 cm without evidence of metastasis at the time of presentation is not different between those who underwent operation compared to those observed.
Inpatient utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors and clinical outcomes
Authors: Wang Jonathan , Lee Chung-Shien , Attarian Shirin , Kohn Nina , Devoe Craig 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Retrospective studies have suggested that patients with poor performance status treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shorter overall survival and poorer response rates. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible relationships between inpatient immune checkpoint inhibitor use and clinical outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of cancer patients who received an immune checkpoint inhibitor while hospitalized from 1 January 2016 to 30 December 2020. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality or admission to hospice rate. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, time to death or discharge to hospice, and descriptive summarization of patient characteristics. Results A total of 52 patients were analyzed. At 90 days, 68.2% of subjects were expired or admitted to hospice (95% CI: 54.7–81%). 90-day overall survival was 47.1%; median survival time was 81 days (95% CI: 28–242 days). The median time to death or hospice was 35 days (95% CI: 24–72 days). The time to death or hospice was shorter for immune checkpoint inhibitor-naive patients compared to those who received immune checkpoint inhibitors prior to admission (29 days, 95% CI: 12–43 days vs. 242 days, 95% CI: 36–1288 days, respectively; HR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.2–6.25; p = 0.0121). No differences were found when comparing other baseline characteristics. Conclusion A majority of patients who received an immune checkpoint inhibitor while hospitalized were either discharged to hospice or expired by 90 days. An increased rate of death or discharge to hospice was observed for patients who were immune checkpoint inhibitor-naive prior to their admission.
Overall Disability Response Score: An integrated endpoint to assess disability improvement and worsening over time in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chang Ih , Kappos Ludwig , Giovannoni Gavin , Calabresi Peter A , Sandrock Alfred , Cheng Wenting , Xiao Shan , Riester Katherine , Belachew Shibeshih , Deykin Aaron , Zhu Bing 
Published: September 2022

Background: Overall Disability Response Score (ODRS) is a composite endpoint including Expanded Disability Status Scale, Timed 25-foot Walk, and 9-Hole Peg Test, designed to quantify both disability improvement and worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To assess the sensitivity and clinical meaningfulness of ODRS using natalizumab Phase 3 data sets (AFFIRM in relapsing-remitting MS and ASCEND in secondary progressive MS). Methods: Differences in ODRS over 96 weeks, ODRS at Week 96, and slope of ODRS change per year between natalizumab and placebo groups were analyzed. Correlation between ODRS and changes in patient-reported outcomes was also analyzed. Results: The difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the ODRS over 96 weeks between natalizumab and placebo groups was 0.34 (0.21–0.46) in AFFIRM ( p < 0.001), and 0.18 (0.03–0.34) in ASCEND ( p = 0.021). Significant differences between treatment arms were also observed in ODRS at Week 96 and in the slope of change per year in both studies. There was a significant linear correlation between ODRS at Week 96 and the change from baseline in both the physical and mental components of the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) in both studies. Conclusion: This analysis supports ODRS as a sensitive and potentially clinically meaningful disability outcome measure in MS.
Reporting Bias in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Related to the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: The Presence of Spin in the Abstract
Authors: Foster Brian K. , Hayes Daniel S. , Constantino Jesse , Garsed Jessica A. , Baylor Jessica L. , Grandizio Louis C. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Spin is a form of reporting bias which suggests a treatment is beneficial despite a statistically nonsignificant difference in outcomes. Our purpose was to define the prevalence of spin within the abstracts of distal radius fracture (DRF) systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MA). We also sought to identify article characteristics that were more likely to contain spin. Methods: We performed a SR of multiple databases to identify DRF SRs and MAs. Articles were screened and analyzed by 3 reviewers. We recorded article and journal characteristics including adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, funding disclosures, methodologic quality (AMSTAR 2 instrument), impact factor, and country of origin. Presence of the 9 most severe types of spin in abstracts were recorded. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to analyze the association between article characteristics and the presence of spin. Results: A total of 112 articles were included. Spin was present in 46% of abstracts, with type 1 spin (“conclusions not supported by findings”) most frequent (19%). Spin was present in 43% of abstracts in PRISMA-adhering journals compared to 49% in journals that did not (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37-1.68). For articles originating from China, spin was present in 61% of abstracts compared to 39% of abstracts from other countries (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.13-5.75). Conclusions: In addition to low article quality, there are high rates of spin within the abstracts of SRs and MAs related to treatment of DRF. Articles within journals that adhere to PRISMA do not appear to contain less spin.
Simulating A Subcondylar Mandibular Fracture With Intraoral Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Novel Education Tool for Residents
Authors: Rojas Francisco , Tapia Sebastian , Campolo Andrés , Vargas Alex , Ramírez Hernán , Benitez Benito K. , Teuber Cristian 
Published: September 2022

Study Design Face and content validation of a surgical simulation model. Objective Open reduction and internal fixation in displaced subcondylar mandibular fractures is standard care. This requires an extraoral (eg: retromandibular, transparotideal) or intraoral approach. An intraoral approach requires further training since specialized instrumentation such as the 90° screwdriver system and endoscopes might be needed. Currently, no simulation models are available for training residents in intraoral reduction and fixation of subcondylar mandibular fractures. Therefore, we present a validated simulation model for intraoral treatment of subcondylar mandibular fractures. Methods Based on a computer tomography data set, we designed and printed a 3D model of a mandible with a unilateral subcondylar fracture. To simulate intraoral work depth, it was positioned inside a dental phantom. We tested the model by a group of experts (n = 8), simulating intraoral reduction and fixation of a unilateral subcondylar fracture, using a 90° screwdriver system, a 1.0 subcondylar plate (lambda), and 5-6 mm screws. We assessed Face and Content validity by survey. Results We provided an open-source printable fracture model. Printing costs were approximately US $10. Experts “Agreed” the model resembling the real scenario and its use for training intraoral reduction and fixation of subcondylar mandibular fractures. Conclusions We developed a low cost, reproducible, open-source simulator for subcondylar mandibular fractures. Face and Content validity was achieved through evaluation by a group of experts.
Treatment outcome and associated factors among epileptic patients at ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bekele Firomsa , Gezimu Wubishet 
Published: September 2022

Objective: The study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of 2-year seizure-free status of epileptic patients at Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (MKCSH). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at MKCSH from 12 February 2020 to 11 August 2020. Treatment outcome was measured in terms of seizure control status and seizure frequency. Accordingly, good treatment outcome was declared if the patients had a 2-year seizure-free status and poor if the patient had episodes of seizure in the last 2 years. The pharmaceutical care network Europe guideline was used to assess the presence of medication-related problems. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the variables by using crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, the predictors of epilepsy treatment outcome were declared if a P-value was ⩽0.05. Results: Over the study period, more than half of the participants (172 (57.7%)) were males. The median age of participants was 29 and majorly distributed to 18–30 classes. More than one-fourth of the patients were suffering from absent seizure 85 (28.5%) and general tonic-clonic seizure 83 (27.9%). The most commonly prescribed medication was Phenobarbitone which accounts 34 (11.41%), whereas Valproic acid 8 (2.68%) was the least prescribed. Overall, less than half 131 (43.96%) of patients developed poor treatment outcomes. The predictors of treatment outcomes were having head the injury (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.18, 10.31), family history of epilepsy (AOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 3.07, 10.46) and the presence of drug therapy problems (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.79, 9.69). Conclusion: The magnitude of poor epilepsy treatment outcome was found to be high. The predictors of epilepsy treatment outcome were the history of head injury, family history of epilepsy and drug therapy problems. Therefore, to improve the treatment outcome of epileptic patients, health care providers should pay close attention to the identified factors. Besides this, the clinical pharmacy service should be implemented to minimize any medication-related problems
Perceived Patient Barriers to Tooth-Retaining Treatment in Tanzania
Authors: Nyamuryekung’e K.K. , Mlangwa M.M. , Chaffee B.W. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic health condition of humankind and goes untreated in many resource-limited settings. When clinical dental care is accessible, tooth extraction is often chosen over potentially more quality-of-life favorable restorative services. Objectives: To identify patient-perceived barriers to utilization of dental restorative services among Tanzanian dental patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients in 5 public dental facilities in Tanzania. Participants ( N = 736) were interviewed before and after their dental visit on the same day using structured questionnaires. Sociodemographic characteristics, oral care–seeking behavior, previous experiences with dental restorations, and perceived barriers toward utilization of dental restorative services were assessed. Among patients treated for dental caries, logistic regression models estimated associations between patient factors and receipt of either dental extractions or restorative treatment. Results: About one-third (36.3%) of patients who reported being diagnosed with dental caries received a dental restoration. Stated barriers to utilization of restorative care included uncertainty about treatment outcomes (43.1%), cost (31.5%), and fear of treatment (31.0%). Among all patients who had received restorative treatment in the past, almost two-thirds (61.7%) reported ≥1 negative experience associated with the treatment. In multivariable adjusted modeling, higher education and income levels, having health insurance, and less perceived uncertainty about treatment outcomes were positively associated with receiving restorative treatment. Conclusions: In this setting, most public dental patients with caries received extractions over restorative care. Addressing cost, quality of care, and other patient concerns may all be needed to increase utilization of tooth-retaining procedures. Knowledge Transfer Statement: For many public dental patients in Tanzania, dental caries is addressed with extractions over restorative care. To advance greater utilization of tooth-sparing treatment, patient factors, including uncertainty about the quality of restorative care and delayed dental care–seeking behavior, should be addressed. Targeted interventions to increase patient awareness on positive outcomes of restorative care and strengthen preventive dental visits are required.
GhNFYA16 was functionally observed positively responding to salt stress by genome-wide identification of NFYA gene family in cotton
Authors: Xu Nan , Cui Yupeng , Zhang Yuexin , Zhang Hong , Fan Yapeng , Feng Xixian , Huang Hui , Ni Kesong , Han Mingge , Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Wang Junjuan , Wang Delong , Wang Shuai , Chen Chao , Guo Lixue , Zhao Lanjie , Ye Wuwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NFYA) plays an important role in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress.

Results
This study systematically analyzed the NFYA gene family. Chromosome location analysis found that some NFYA genes in Gossypium hirsutum may have been lost during evolution. Collinearity analysis and selection pressure analysis indicated that the GhNFYA gene family underwent fragment duplication and whole genome duplication during evolution. At the same time, promoter cis-element analysis and gene interaction network analysis predicted that the expression of GhNFYA gene may be regulated by plant hormones and stress. To further explore the function of the gene, Gossypium hirsutum seedlings were treated with 4 °C, 37 °C, salt and PEG stress, respectively, found that the expression of NFYA is stimulated by multiple environments. By constructing a co-expression network, interactions between genes were found to defend against salt stress. Through virus-induced gene silencing experiments, it was found that plants that silenced the GhNFYA16 gene were significantly more sensitive to salt stress.

Conclusions
This study found the relationship between the structure and function of NFYA gene family, provided a basis for the biological identification and functional verification of NFYA family members, and provided clues to clarify the specific roles of different types of NFYA proteins under different abiotic stress.
Causal inference for the covariance between breeding values under identity disequilibrium
Authors: Cantet Rodolfo J. C. , Angarita-Barajas Belcy K. , Forneris Natalia S. , Munilla Sebastián 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The covariance matrix of breeding values is at the heart of prediction methods. Prediction of breeding values can be formulated using either an “observed” or a theoretical covariance matrix, and a major argument for choosing one or the other is the reduction of the computational burden for inverting such a matrix. In this regard, covariance matrices that are derived from Markov causal models possess properties that deliver sparse inverses.

Results
By using causal Markov models, we express the breeding value of an individual as a linear regression on ancestral breeding values, plus a residual term, which we call residual breeding value (RBV). The latter is a noise term that accounts for the uncertainty in prediction due to lack of fit of the linear regression. A notable property of these models is the parental Markov condition, through which the multivariate distribution of breeding values is uniquely determined by the distribution of the mutually independent RBV. Animal breeders have long been relying on a causal Markov model, while using the additive relationship matrix as the covariance matrix structure of breeding values, which is calculated assuming gametic equilibrium. However, additional covariances among breeding values arise due to identity disequilibrium, which is defined as the difference between the covariance matrix under the multi-loci probability of identity-by-descent ($$\varvec{\Sigma}$$

Σ

) and its expectation under gametic phase equilibrium, i.e., A. The disequilibrium term $$\varvec{\Sigma}$$

Σ

−A is considered in the model for predicting breeding values called the “ancestral regression” (AR), a causal Markov model. Here, we introduce the “ancestral regression to parents” (PAR) causal Markov model, which reduces the computational burden of the AR approach. By taking advantage of the conditional independence property of the PAR Markov model, we derive covariances between the breeding values of grandparents and grand-offspring and between parents and offspring. In addition, we obtain analytical expressions for the covariance between collateral relatives under the PAR model, as well as for the inbreeding coefficient.

Conclusions
We introduced the causal PAR Markov model that captures identity disequilibrium in the covariances among breeding values and produces a sparse inverse covariance matrix to build and solve a set of mixed model equations.
Association between participation self-efficacy and participation in stroke survivors
Authors: Lo Suzanne H S , Chau Janita P C , Lam Simon K Y , Saran Ravneet , Choi Kai Chow , Zhao Jie , Thompson David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Most stroke survivors face restrictions in functional disability and social participation, which can impede their recovery and community reintegration. Participation self-efficacy refers to survivors’ confidence in using strategies to manage participation in areas including community living and work engagement. This study aimed to assess the association between participation self-efficacy and participation among stroke survivors.

Methods
This study adopted a cross-sectional correlational design with a convenience sample of 336 stroke survivors recruited from five hospitals in China. Participation self-efficacy was measured using the Chinese version of the Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale (PS-SES-C) and participation measured using the Chinese version of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI-C). The association between participation self-efficacy and participation was examined using multiple regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results
Participants had a mean age of 69.9 ± 11.5 years, with most (81.6%) having an ischaemic stroke, and more than half (61.6%) a first-ever stroke. After adjustment for potential confounders, every 10-point increase in the PS-SES-C total score was significantly associated with an average 1.3-point increase in the RNLI-C total score (B = 1.313, SE = 0.196, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that participation self-efficacy is significantly associated with participation among Chinese community-dwelling survivors of a mild or moderate stroke. This suggests that rehabilitation programmes for stroke survivors may be more effective if they incorporate participation-focused strategies designed to enhance self-efficacy.
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The value of Hounsfield units in predicting cage subsidence after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Xie Fang , Yang Zhiwei , Tu Zhipeng , Huang Peipei , Wang Zhe , Luo Zhuojing , Hu Xueyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cage subsidence may occur following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and lead to nonunion, foraminal height loss and other complications. Low bone quality may be a risk factor for cage subsidence. Assessing bone quality through Hounsfield units (HU) from computed tomography has been proposed in recent years. However, there is a lack of literature evaluating the correlation between HU and cage subsidence after TLIF.

Methods
Two hundred and seventy-nine patients suffering from lumbar degenerative diseases from April, 2016 to August, 2018 were enrolled. All underwent one-level TLIF with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Cage subsidence was defined as > 2 mm loss of disc height at the fusion level. The participants were divided into 2 groups: cage subsidence group (CS) and non-cage subsidence group (non-CS). Bone quality was determined by HU, bone mineral density of lumbar (BMD-l) and femoral (BMD-f) from dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HU of each vertebra from L1 to L4 (e.g., HU1 for HU of L1) and mean value of the four vertebrae (HUm) were calculated. Visual analog scale (VAS) of back/leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to report clinical outcomes.

Results
Cage subsidence occurred in 82 (29.4%) cases at follow-ups. Mean age was 50.8 ± 9.0 years with a median follow-up of 18 months (range from 12 to 40 months). A total of 90.3% patients presented fusion with similar fusion rate between the two groups. ODI and VAS in leg were better in non-CS group at last follow-ups. Using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) to predict cage subsidence, HUm provided a larger area under the curve (AUC) than BMD-l (Z = 3.83, P <  0.01) and BMD-f (Z = 2.01, P = 0.02). AUC for HU4 was larger than BMD-f and close to HUm (Z = 0.22, P = 0.481).

Conclusions
Cage subsidence may indicate worse clinical outcomes. HU value could be a more effective predictor of lumbar cage subsidence compared with T-score of DXA after TLIF.