bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The safety and feasibility of early cardiorespiratory fitness testing after stroke
Authors: Machado Natasha , Williams Gavin , Olver John , Johnson Liam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness testing is recommended as part of a pre‐exercise evaluation to aid the programming of safe, tailored cardiorespiratory fitness training after stroke. But there is limited evidence for its safety and feasibility in people with stroke with varying impairment levels in the early subacute phase of stroke recovery.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and feasibility of cardiorespiratory fitness testing in the early subacute phase after stroke.DesignA sub‐study of a larger single service, multi‐site, prospective cohort feasibility study (Cardiac Rehabilitation in Stroke Survivors to Improve Survivorship [CRiSSIS]).SettingPrivate subacute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.ParticipantsConsecutive admissions of people with ischemic stroke admitted to subacute rehabilitation facilities.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome(s)Safety was determined by the occurrence of adverse or serious adverse events. Feasibility was determined by assessing the (1) number of participants recruited and (2) number of participants able to complete the fitness test.ResultsBetween April 2018 and December 2019, a total of 165 people with stroke were screened to participate; 109 were eligible and 65 were recruited. Of the 62 who completed testing, 41 participants were able to complete a submaximal fitness test at a median of 12 days post‐stroke. One minor adverse event was recorded. Of the 21 participants unable to complete the fitness test; 4 declined to complete the test, 9 were unable to commence the test, and 8 were unable to complete the first stage of the protocol due to stroke‐related impairments. Participants with mild stroke, greater motor and cognitive function, and fewer depressive symptoms were more likely to be able to complete the cardiorespiratory fitness test.ConclusionCardiorespiratory fitness testing was safe for most people with mild‐to‐moderately severe ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in the early subacute phase, but only two‐thirds of the participants could complete the test.
Glutamate potentiates heterologously expressed homomeric acid‐sensing ion channel 1a
Authors: Shteinikov Vasilii , Evlanenkov Konstantin , Bolshakov Konstantin , Tikhonov Denis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) participate in synaptic transmission due to the acidic content of synaptic vesicles, but their contribution to postsynaptic currents is small. This has stimulated attempts to find endogenous ASIC potentiators that could enhance ASIC‐mediated currents to physiologically relevant values. Here we demonstrate that glutamate, which serves as a neurotransmitter, potentiates recombinant ASIC1a in the submillimolar concentration range. The effect of glutamate is especially interesting as ASIC’s presence has been shown in glutamatergic synapses. At pH=6.5 glutamate had maximum potentiation of 87% with an EC50 value of 0.65 mM. The mechanism of potentiation is due to a shift of pH‐dependent activation to less acidic values, with 0.5 mM glutamate increasing pH50 from 6.04 to 6.43. Due to this mechanism, ASIC1a in glutamatergic synapses might be intrinsically potentiated. Furthermore, this effect could compensate for the inhibition of ionotropic glutamate receptors by extracellular acidification during synaptic transmission.
Recent insights into the structure, function, and regulation of the eukaryotic transfer RNA splicing endonuclease complex
Authors: Hayne Cassandra K. , Lewis Tanae A. , Stanley Robin E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe splicing of transfer RNA (tRNA) introns is a critical step of tRNA maturation, for intron‐containing tRNAs. In eukaryotes, tRNA splicing is a multi‐step process that relies on several RNA processing enzymes to facilitate intron removal and exon ligation. Splicing is initiated by the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex which catalyzes the excision of the intron through its two nuclease subunits. Mutations in all four subunits of the TSEN complex are linked to a family of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases known as pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH). Recent studies provide molecular insights into the structure, function, and regulation of the eukaryotic TSEN complex and are beginning to illuminate how mutations in the TSEN complex lead to neurodegenerative disease. Using new advancements in the prediction of protein structure, we created a three‐dimensional model of the human TSEN complex. We review functions of the TSEN complex beyond tRNA splicing by highlighting recently identified substrates of the eukaryotic TSEN complex and discuss mechanisms for the regulation of tRNA splicing, by enzymes that modify cleaved tRNA exons and introns. Finally, we review recent biochemical and animal models that have worked to address the mechanisms that drive PCH and synthesize these studies with previous studies to try to better understand PCH pathogenesis.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
Commentary
Authors: Sandström Camilla , Rønningen Katrina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow to turn the different “ways of seeing” and “ways of knowing” into “ways of making” legitimate regulations, processes, and legal frameworks for the potential sharing of benefits and burdens of natural resources and places? Political science, geography, and anthropology are all concerned with power and its structuring effects; anthropology, however, provides a vital sensitivity toward contextual, cultural, and historical factors.Environmental communication exercises power as a tool in processes of decolonization and struggles for self-determination, but also through the many mandatory requirements of planning and licensing processes, EIAs, participatory processes, and so on. Environmental communication may thus be used to understand power struggles and conflicts, while also itself shaping these struggles. These processes generally lack the tools to take multi-generational experiences, oral narratives, and local knowledge into consideration, while employing very narrow time perspectives. Anthropology thus provides a sorely needed approach that is crucial to mapping land use and meanings properly.
Demographic Change and Local Community Sustainability: Heritagization of Land Abandonment Symbols
Authors: Murin Ivan , Horský Jan , Aláč Ján 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis is a study of a group of people living in south-central Slovakia who wish to reconnect with their ancestral land. This group has decided to return to the abandoned cultural landscape in former hamlets. The area they are returning to, like many other similar areas around Europe, is characterized by demographic change through outmigration by young generations and aging populations. To facilitate their return, a group of anthropologists have conducted research of original adaptation strategies, historical migrations, and demographic changes in selected localities. At the same time, the areas’ last inhabitants began to revitalize cemeteries—symbolic places. The anthropologists facilitated this restoration process by conducting oral histories, developing maps of traditional areas, and compiling ethnohistorical research data. The abandoned cemeteries acquired a new function after their restoration—they speak to the public as an environmental argument for the fragility of landscape sustainability.
“The Sea Has No Boundaries”: Collaboration and Communication Between Actors in Coastal Planning on the Swedish West Coast
Authors: Larsson Simon , Sjölander-Lindqvist Annelie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter investigates a collaborative project aimed at strengthening cooperation and establishing common objectives regarding the planning of a coastal zone on the Swedish West Coast. The project included participants from municipalities, government authorities, and other relevant actors involved in planning and management of the coastal area. The aim of this chapter is to explore how the actors involved in the project understand the objectives of the collaborative approach, and how the project played out in practice. The chapter points to difficulties in agreeing upon joint goals in an institutional setting of an established division of responsibilities, but it also demonstrates how the collaborative project has several positive outcomes not formulated in its deliverables. The chapter also makes an argument that much communication within a project is only possible to observe if one studies it for a longer duration, becoming a natural element in the environment and getting to know the participants.
Power, Conflicts, and Environmental Communication in the Struggles for Water Justice in Rural Chile: Insights from the Epistemologies of the South and the Anthropology of Power
Authors: Alarcón Ferrari Cristian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter elaborates conceptual and theoretical insights to advance a conflict- and power-oriented perspective for a critical conceptualization of environmental communication. To this purpose, the chapter develops and builds upon insights from the anthropology of power and the epistemologies of the South. Within this context, the chapter focuses on the theoretical contributions of Paulo Freire and Eric Wolf to critically approach the relations between communication, power, and conflicts within social-ecological relations. Empirically, the chapter offers an analysis of struggles for water justice and water democracy in Chile which is based on interviews, observations, and analysis of documents conducted during fieldwork in three regions and rural areas of Chile. The chapter argues for a critical theorizing of environmental communication to better understand and explain the meanings of normative views of environmental communication, and to also understand how such normative views cannot be separated from the interests of subjects situated in contingent social-ecological relations and conflicts.
Radiological Evaluation Criteria for Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Bechstein Matthias , McDonough Rosalie , Fiehler Jens , Zanolini Umberto , Rai Hamid , Siddiqui Adnan , Shotar Eimad , Rouchaud Aymeric , Goyal Mayank , Gellissen Susanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe methodology of measuring chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) extent and its effect on intracranial structures is relevant for patient classification and outcome measurements and affects the external validity of cSDH studies. With embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) as a possible treatment of cSDHs, the topic has gained substantial interest. We sought to summarize the heterogeneity of radiologic measurements, specifically in the evaluation of cSDHs based on literature review.MethodsIn this review, we identified and described the most common radiological methodologies for measurements of cSDH thickness, cSDH volume and of midline shift.ConclusionThere are numerous published methods on how to evaluate cSDH thickness, cSDH volume and midline shift but no common standard. The definition of measurement methods and reporting standards for MMA embolization in cSDH patients and their validation needs to be addressed.
Results of sole postoperative interstitial, high-dose-rate brachytherapy of T1–2 tongue tumours
Authors: Takácsi-Nagy Zoltán , Ferenczi Örs , Major Tibor , Akiyama Hironori , Fröhlich Georgina , Oberna Ferenc , Révész Mónika , Poósz Márton , Polgár Csaba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the results of treating tongue cancer patients with single postoperative interstitial, high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) after resection.MethodsBetween January 1998 and April 2019, 45 patients with squamous cell histology, stage T1–2N0–1M0 tongue tumours were treated by surgery followed by a single HDR BT in case of negative prognostic factors (close or positive surgical margin, lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion). The average dose was 29 Gy (range: 10–45 Gy) and rigid metal needles were used in 11 (24%) and flexible plastic catheters in 34 cases (76%). Survival parameters, toxicities and the prognostic factors influencing survival were analysed.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 103 months (range: 16–260 months) for surviving patients, the 10-year local and regional control (LC, RC), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) probabilities were 85, 73, 34 and 63%, respectively. The incidence of local grade 1, 2 and 3 mucositis was 23, 73 and 4%, respectively. As a serious (grade 4), late side effect, soft tissue necrosis developed in 3 cases (7%). In a univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between lymphovascular invasion and RC (p = 0.0118) as well as cervical recurrence and DSS (p < 0.0001).ConclusionSole postoperative HDR brachytherapy can be an effective method in case of negative prognostic factors in the treatment of early, resectable tongue tumours. Comparing the results of patients treated with postoperative BT to those who were managed with surgery or BT alone known from the literature, a slightly more favourable LC can be achieved with the combination therapy, demonstrating the potential compensating effect of BT on adverse prognostic factors, while the developing severe, grade 4 toxicity rate remains low.
Influence of thread parameters on the withdrawal capacity of wood screws to optimize the thread geometry
Authors: Hoelz Kevin , Dörner Philipp-Tobias , Hohlweg Julian , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor wood screw connections, the withdrawal capacity is essential and is therefore an optimization target for wood screws. The withdrawal capacity is based on the composite action between the screw thread and the wood. Optimizing thread geometry requires knowledge of how thread parameters influence the withdrawal capacity. Up to now, this knowledge is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective is to determine the influence of thread height (1 mm; 1.48 mm), flank distance (3.04 mm; 6.08 mm), lead angle (6.8°; 13.6°), and thread angle (30°; 55°) on the withdrawal capacity. The influences are investigated for a tangential screw-in direction in spruce. For this, flat ribbed bars, so-called threaded test objects, are used. The effect on the withdrawal capacity is measured using an experimental setup based on test standard EN 1382 in two different planes of the flat thread to the wood fiber. 242 tests in RT plane and 286 in TL plane were analyzed with multifactorial analyses of variance. The thread height, flank distance, and thread angle show significant effects in both planes. A larger thread height, a smaller thread pitch, and a more acute thread angle increase the withdrawal capacity. Only in RT plane, a larger lead angle shows higher withdrawal capacity. The determined effects can be used to design the thread geometry of wood screws with higher withdrawal capacities. The accuracy of calculation models for the withdrawal capacity of wood screw connections can also be improved based on the findings. With the results, confirmation could be found for known models based on the theory of compression cones explaining the influences of the flank distance and thread angle.
Global risks, the macroeconomy, and asset prices
Authors: Costola Michele , Donadelli Michael , Gerotto Luca , Gufler Ivan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel index of global risks awareness (GRAI) based on the most concerning risks—classified in five categories (economic, environmental, geopolitical, societal, and technological)—reported by the World Economic Forum (WEF) according to the potential impact and likelihood occurrence. The degree of public concern toward these risks is captured by Google search volumes on topics having the same or similar wording of that one of the WEF Global Risk Report. The dynamics of our GRAI exhibits several spillover episodes and indicates that concerns on the five different categories of global risks are—on average—highly interconnected. We further examine the interconnection between global risks perceptions and the macroeconomy and find that concerns on economic-, geopolitical-, and societal-related risks are net shock transmitters, whereas the macroeconomic variables are largely net receivers. Finally, we perform standard cross-sectional asset pricing tests and provide evidence that rising interconnection among global risks awareness commands a positive and statistically significant risk premium.
An ex vivo perfused ventilated murine lung model suggests lack of acute pulmonary toxicity of the potential novel anticancer agent (−)-englerin A
Authors: Schremmer Christian , Steinritz Dirk , Gudermann Thomas , Beech David J. , Dietrich Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(−)-Englerin A (EA), a potential novel anti-cancer drug, is a potent selective activator of classical transient receptor potential 4 and 5 (TRPC4, TRPC5) channels. As TRPC4 channels are expressed and functional in the lung endothelium, possible side effects such as lung edema formation may arise during its administration. Well-established in vivo rodent models for toxicological testing, however, rapidly degrade this compound to its inactive derivative, englerin B. Therefore, we chose an ex vivo isolated perfused and ventilated murine lung (IPVML) model to detect edema formation due to toxicants, which also reduces the number of incriminating animal experiments required. To evaluate the sensitivity of the IPVML model, short-time (10 min) drops of the pH from 7.4 down to 4.0 were applied, which resulted in linear changes of tidal volumes, wet-to-dry weight ratios and incorporation of FITC-coupled dextran particles from the perfusate. As expected, biological activity of EA was preserved after perfusion in the IPVML model. Concentrations of 50–100 nM EA continuously perfused through the IPVML model did not change tidal volumes and lung weights significantly. Wet-to-dry weight ratios were increased after perfusion of 100 nM EA but permeation of FITC-coupled dextran particles from the perfusate to the lung tissues was not significantly different. Therefore, EA shows little or no significant acute pulmonary toxicity after application of doses expected to activate target ion channels and the IPVML is a sensitive powerful ex vivo model for evaluating acute lung toxicity in accordance with the 3R rules for animal experimentation.
Risk assessment tools for QT prolonging pharmacotherapy in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Skullbacka Simone , Airaksinen Marja , Puustinen Juha , Toivo Terhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Many drugs are associated with the risk of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP), and different risk assessment tools (RATs) are developed to help clinicians to manage related risk. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of different RATs for QT prolonging pharmacotherapy.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies concerning risk assessment tools for QT prolonging pharmacotherapy, including older adults, were included. Screening and selection of the studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were undertaken.

Results
A total of 21 studies were included, involving different risk assessment tools. Most commonly used tools were risk scores (n = 9), computerized physician order entry systems (n = 3), and clinical decision support systems (n = 6). The tools were developed mainly for physicians and pharmacists. Risk scores included a high number of risk factors, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, for QT prolongation and TdP. The inclusion of patients’ risk factors in computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems varied.

Conclusion
Most of the risk assessment tools for QT prolonging pharmacotherapy give a comprehensive overview of patient-specific risks of QT prolongation and TdP and reduce modifiable risk factors and actual events. The risk assessment tools could be better adapted to different health information systems to help in clinical decision-making. Further studies on clinical validation of risk assessment tools with randomized controlled trials are needed.
Biological cellulose saccharification using a coculture of Clostridium thermocellum and Thermobrachium celere strain A9
Authors: Nhim Sreyneang , Waeonukul Rattiya , Uke Ayaka , Baramee Sirilak , Ratanakhanokchai Khanok , Tachaapaikoon Chakrit , Pason Patthra , Liu Ya-Jun , Kosugi Akihiko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An anaerobic thermophilic bacterial strain, A9 (NITE P-03545), that secretes β-glucosidase was newly isolated from wastewater sediments by screening using esculin. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A9 had 100% identity with that of Thermobrachium celere type strain JW/YL-NZ35. The complete genome sequence of strain A9 showed 98.4% average nucleotide identity with strain JW/YL-NZ35. However, strain A9 had different physiological properties from strain JW/YL-NZ35, which cannot secrete β-glucosidases or grow on cellobiose as the sole carbon source. The key β-glucosidase gene (TcBG1) of strain A9, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1, was characterized. Recombinant β-glucosidase (rTcBG1) hydrolyzed cellooligosaccharides to glucose effectively. Furthermore, rTcBG1 showed high thermostability (at 60°C for 2 days) and high glucose tolerance (IC50 = 0.75 M glucose), suggesting that rTcBG1 could be used for biological cellulose saccharification in cocultures with Clostridium thermocellum. High cellulose degradation was observed when strain A9 was cocultured with C. thermocellum in a medium containing 50 g/l crystalline cellulose, and glucose accumulation in the culture supernatant reached 35.2 g/l. In contrast, neither a monoculture of C. thermocellum nor coculture of C. thermocellum with strain JW/YL-NZ35 realized efficient cellulose degradation or high glucose accumulation. These results show that the β-glucosidase secreted by strain A9 degrades cellulose effectively in combination with C. thermocellum cellulosomes and has the potential to be used in a new biological cellulose saccharification process that does not require supplementation with β-glucosidases.

Key points
• Strain A9 can secrete a thermostable β-glucosidase that has high glucose tolerance
• A coculture of strain A9 and C. thermocellum showed high cellulose degradation
• Strain A9 achieves biological saccharification without addition of β-glucosidase