bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trend of SARS-CoV-2 variants from July 2021 to Jan 2022 in metropolitan Lagos, the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Onwuamah Chika , Iwalokun Bamidele , Ahmed Rahaman , Toye Emuejevoke , Amoo Olufemi , Ndodo Nnaemeka , Momoh Esther , Okwuraiwe Azuka , James Ayorinde , Okoli Chika , Chukwu Chimaobi , Shaibu Joseph , Fowora Muinahj , Fayemi Janet , Onuigbo Tochukwu , Sunday Mfon , Ogbolu Victor , Otuonye Maureen , Mba Nwando , Audu Rosemary , Ezechi Oliver , Abayomi Akin , Adetifa Ifedayo , Salako Babatunde 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits a high mutations rate and monitoring its spread and evolution is essential for global control of the pandemic. This study determined the SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Lagos, from July 2021 to January 2022, when the nation experienced its third and fourth waves.The study utilised archived SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and Midnight whole-genome sequencing workflow from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Six hundred and sixty-six archived SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, 488 community testing and 178 travellers were analysed. Three hundred forty-one sequences samples were assigned lineages, but 327 sequences with doubly verified collection dates recreated the timeline. 86.5% of the samples came from persons between 16 and 60 years old. Two infections with the Omicron variant (BA.1) among community testers were detected in August 2021 and from seven outbound travellers in September 2021. An inbound traveller also had the Omicron variant (BA.1) in September 2021. Thirteen lineages of the Delta variant and four lineages of the Omicron variant were detected.We show that the Omicron variant was in Nigeria before November 2021 and could have caused the short reprieve between the third and fourth waves. Several lineages detected suggest several introductions, highlighting the need for surveillance.
Farm Biosecurity and Influenza A virus detection in Swine Farms: A Comprehensive Study in Colombia
Authors: Karl Ciuoderis-Aponte , Andres Diaz , Carlos Muskus , Peña Mario , Juan Hernández-Ortiz , Jorge Osorio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Biosecurity protocols and good management practices are key to reduce the risk of introduction and transmission of infectious diseases into the industry. In this observational cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 176 pig farms with inventories over 100 sows in Colombia. We analyzed a complex survey dataset to explore the structure and identify clustering patterns of swine farms in Colombia, and estimate its association with Swine Influenza. Two principal dimensions contributed to 27.6% of the dataset variation after Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Farms with highest contribution to dimension 1 were larger farrow-to-finish farms, using self-replacement of gilts and implementing most of the measures evaluated. In contrast, farms with highest contribution to dimension 2 were medium to large farrow-to-finish farms, but implemented biosecurity in a lower degree. Additionally, two farm clusters were identified by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, and the odds of influenza A virus detection was statistically different between clusters (OR 7.29, CI: 1.7,66, p=<0.01). Moreover, after logistic regression analysis, three important variables were associated with higher odds of influenza detection: 1) “location in an area with a high density of pigs”, 2) “farm size”, and 3) “after cleaning and disinfecting, the facilities are allowed to dry before use”. Our results revealed two clustering patterns of swine farms. This systematic analysis of complex survey data identified relationships between biosecurity, husbandry practices and influenza status. This approach helped to identify gaps on biosecurity and key elements for designing successful strategies to prevent and control swine respiratory diseases in the swine industry.
Effect of stomach size on organs at risk in pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Taniguchi Takuya , Adachi Kousei , Nakaya Shuto , Ukai Akira , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, the organs at risk (OARs) should be carefully determined when performing pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We conducted a simulation study to examine the effect of the stomach size on the radiation dose to the OARs when performing pancreatic SBRT.Methods: Twenty-five cases were included in this study. Pancreatic head and body tumors were 2-cm-sized pseudotumors, which were included as gross target volume (GTV) contours. The stomach, pancreas, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spinal cord were considered as the OARs. The prescription dose for planning target volume (PTV) was 40 Gy/5fx, and the dose limit for the OARs was determined. The dose to X% of the OAR volume at X values of 0.1, 5.0, and 10.0 cc (DX) and the percentage of the OAR volume that received more than X Gy were recorded.Results: In terms of the radiation dose to the pancreatic body tumors, the stomach size was positively correlated with a dose of D10cc (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.5516) to the stomach. The r value between the radiation dose to the pancreatic head tumor and the stomach size was 0.3499. The stomach size and radiation dose to the head and body of the pancreas was positively correlated (pancreatic head D10cc: r = 0.3979, pancreatic body D10cc: r = 0.3209). The larger the stomach, the larger was the radiation dose to the pancreas.Conclusions: When performing pancreatic SBRT, the dose to the OARs depends on the stomach size. Reducing the dose to the stomach and pancreas can be achieved by shrinking the stomach.
Mutation screening of eight genes and comparison of the clinical data in a Chinese cohort with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Li Liangshan , Li Xiaole , Wang Xiaoyu , Han Mengmeng , Zhao Dehua , Wang Fang , Liu Shiguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common neonatal endocrine disorder, characterized by irreversible intellectual disability and short stature if left untreated. It can be divided into thyroid dysgenesis (TD), including athyreosis, ectopy and hypoplasia, and dyshormonogenesis (DH), also referring to gland in situ (GIS), in which patients have eutopic thyroids with normal size or goiter. This study aims to analyze the clinical and genetic data of the 606 patients with TD or GIS, and to explore the mutation frequencies of the eight genes and the inheritance pattern of CH.
Methods
Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and statistical analysis were performed for mutation screening on eight CH-related genes and the comparison of clinical data in a cohort of 606 Chinese CH patients from Henan Province.
Results
A total of 208 variants were detected in genes required for thyroid formation (TSHR, GLIS3, BOREALIN, NTN1, JAG1 and TUBB1) and thyroid hormone synthesis (TG and TPO) in 167 subjects. Monogenic variants were the most prevalent with a percentage of 73.56% (153/208) followed by digenic variants (24.52%, 51/208) and oligogenic variants (1.92%, 4/208). However, no differences were found in various clinical data between patients with and without variants, as well as between patients with monogenic variants and non-monogenic variants.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that apart from Mendelian monogenic inheritance, digenic and oligogenic inheritance of CH could not be excluded and also involves other factors, such as penetrance, epigenetic mechanisms and environmental factors.
The clinical value of circulating cell free DNA in multiple myeloma
Authors: Yang Tong , Chen Weimin , Wang Zhihong , Wei Tiannan , Shang Jin , Lin Yun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of the detection of circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) and the prognostic value of cfDNA in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Experimental design: All samples were screened hematopoietic malignancy associated genetic mutations from cfDNA and bone marrow (BM), using the Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mutated genetic, checked in both cfDNA and BM, were monitered at the different time points during the treatment by droplet-based digital PCR (ddPCR).Results: Three patients were included in our prospective study. Two patients detected DNMT3A mutations and one patient detected GNAQ mutation. The abundance of mutations decreased as the disease remission, and increased as the disease progresses. The detection of cfDNA has shown to predict relapses before paraprotein.Conclusions: cfDNA is a sensitive tool for monitoring compared to paraprotein levels. The utility of cfDNA for monitoring disease is Promising.
Religious views affect undergraduates’ endorsement of teleological reasoning and understanding of natural selection, but not their ability to learn evolution: A preliminary mixed-methods study
Authors: Wingert Jason R. , Bassett Gennie , Terry Caitlin E. , Lee Jimin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Creationist religious views have a large influence on the public’s views and learning related to evolution, especially human evolution. Creationism has been shown to reinforce students’ design teleological stance, which creates challenging conceptual obstacle for learning evolution. The purpose of the current study was to determine if students with creationist views responded differently to education intended to directly challenge design teleological reasoning in the context of a human evolution course, compared to students with naturalist views. In a convergent mixed-methods design this study combined pre- and post-semester survey data (N = 48) on student endorsement of teleological reasoning, acceptance of evolution, and understanding natural selection, with thematic analysis of student reflective writing on their understanding and acceptance of natural selection and teleological reasoning. This study found that students with creationist views had higher levels of design teleological reasoning and lower levels of acceptance of evolution at the beginning of the semester, compared to students with naturalist views (p<0.01). Students with creationist views experienced significant (p<0.01) improvements in teleological reasoning and acceptance of evolution. While the changes teleological reasoning, understanding and acceptance experienced by students with creationist views were similar in magnitude to changes in students with naturalist views, creationists never achieved levels of evolution understanding and acceptance seen in students with naturalist views. Thematic analysis revealed that a majority of students believed that religion and evolution are discordant. However, over one-third of students expressed openness to learning about evolution alongside their religious views. This paper describes pedagogical practices to help students understand their own teleological reasoning and support students with creationist views who are learning about evolution.
Sociodemographic variables associated with risk for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Nguyen Chan Tran N , Yosef Matheos , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Shah Anjali R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Several systemic and sociodemographic factors have been associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is limited investigation of the potential role social determinants of health may play in augmenting systemic risk factors of DR. This single-center retrospective study aims to identify the association between certain sociodemographic factors and systemic risk factors for developing DR and to assess the impact of these factors on the development of vision-threatening forms of DR (VT-DR).
Methods
Multivariable analysis of longitudinal electronic health record data at a large academic retina clinic was performed. Sociodemographic factors included race, ethnicity, income, and insurance payor. Systemic risk factors for DR included hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), systolic blood pressure (sBP), and body mass index (BMI). VT-DR was identified from encounter diagnostic codes indicating proliferative retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. Patient-reported primary address zip codes were used to approximate income level, stratified into quartiles.
Results
From 2016 to 2018, 3,470 patients with diabetes totaled 11,437 visits were identified. Black patients had higher HgbA1c and sBP compared to White patients. White patients had higher BMI and sBP compared to patients of unknown/other race and greater odds of VT-DR than the latter. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity had significantly higher sBP than non-Hispanic patients. Low-income patients had higher BMI and sBP than high-income patients and greater odds of VT-DR than the latter. Medicaid recipients had greater odds of VT-DR than those with Blue Care Network (BCN) and Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) insurance. Medicaid and Medicare recipients had higher sBP compared to BCBS recipients. Finally, both higher HgbA1c and sBP had greater odds of VT-DR. There were no differences in odds of VT-DR between White and Black patients or between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients.
Conclusions
Significant associations exist between certain sociodemographic factors and well-known risk factors for DR. Income and payor were associated with increased severity of systemic risk factors and presence of VT-DR. This warrants further investigation of how risk factor optimization and disease prevention may be further improved by targeted intervention of these modifiable sociodemographic factors.
Phlebotomine sand flies from Bolivia: Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp. from the sub-Andean region
Authors: Martinez Eddy , Leon Renato , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Dujardin Jean-Pierre , Pont François Le 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp., is described as a new anthropophilic sand fly species based on morphological diagnostic characteristics, which allow differentiating it from the closely related species Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) nevesi and Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) maranonensis within the Evansi series. This species was collected in the Marimonos mountain range, at around 900 m altitude in the Municipality of Palos Blancos, Sud Yungas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia, and was misidentified in the past as Pi. (Pif.) nevesi.
Effect of Water Type Used in Mixing the Alginate on the Final Stone Cast of Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: monther Bassil , Belal Ammar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Recording an accurate impression is one of the most important steps in prosthetic dentistry for a successful denture, alginate remains one of the most common impression materials in dentistry, Therefore, it is important to fully understand its characteristics and the factors that influence it in order to avoid possible complications.Purpose: Study the effect of water type used in mixing the alginate on the final stone cast of removable partial dentures using different types of water.Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 30 gypsum casts taken with alginate for partially edentulous metal cast class III modification 2, divided into three equal groups according to the different type of water used in mixing the alginate (distilled water, mineral water, tap water). The linear measurements were made in the longitudinal, vertical, and transverse dimensions according to points prepared in advance on the metallic cast using a digital caliper, then it was repeated on gypsum casts. The results were collected and analyzed statistically by the t-student, Anova, and Bonferroni method at a 95% confidence level.Results: It was found that there were changes in the linear dimensions in all groups, regardless of the type of water used, but to varying degrees between them without statistically significant differences, except for the front vertical linear dimension which was the largest in the tap water group.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, we can say about the preference of distilled and mineral water in mixing alginate for final impressions compared to tap water.Recommendations: We recommend the use of distilled or mineral water when mixing alginate for final impressions.
The polarity and diversity of premenstrual testimonies are influenced by question framing in an online experiment
Authors: Kountourides Gabriella S , Alvergne Alexandra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The discourse around menstrual cycles is often pathologised, leading to negative perceptions of menstruation. The extent to which premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is inherently negative or the result of medicalised framing has long remained unclear. We address this gap by investigating whether framing the premenstrual experience as being both negative and positive components would enable individuals to report more diverse and positive experiences than are currently reported. In an online experiment, 2,638 participants were randomly allocated to one of three question phrasings (control: describe your premenstrual experience; treatment one: describe your positive and negative premenstrual experience; treatment two: describe your negative and positive premenstrual experience). Sentiment analysis was applied to responses to create polarity scores. A two-part Bayesian model was performed to investigate the effect of phrasing in predicting differences in polarity scores. Across all phrasings, responses were negatively skewed. However, response polarity scores and diversity of symptoms were higher if the question specified both positive and negative experiences compared to the control group. This corroborates previous literature showing that a negative premenstrual phase is a widespread phenomenon but challenges the idea that the premenstrual experience is solely negative. The findings have implications for how the premenstrual experience is quantified.
The Personality Characteristics and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Staff of Fire Departments and Police Officers of Kermanshah
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Darushi Hooman , Ahmadi Seyed Mojtaba , Abazari Fateme , Amiriyan Hooshang , Sedighi Mostafa , bigdeli Hamed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results in increased stress and anxiety following exposure to stressful or traumatic event. This disorder takes a long time to treat and it usually involves several traumas. This disorder causes many problems in the personal, social and family areas, employment, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and CVD death, all of which indicate the importance of this issue
Objectives
the present study was done to assess personality characteristics and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the staff of fire departments and police officers of Kermanshah.
Methods
This is a descriptive, analytic cross-sectional study and it was carried out on the 194 members of the police and the staff of fire departments and employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences using available sampling method.
Results
There is a significant difference between the group of police officers and control group in terms of post-traumatic stress variable (P = 0.03). Post-traumatic stress disorder had a positive relationship with neuroticism and a significant negative relationship with conscientiousness and agreeableness.
Conclusions
Due to high rates of symptoms of PTSD in police officers as well as the relationship between traumatic stress and personality traits, studies for screening and identifying people at risk and interventions to reduce these symptoms seem to be necessary.
Dramatic growth of hydrological science in the UK in the 1960s and early 1970s
Authors: McCulloch Christine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The mid-1960s to early 1970s were a formative stage in hydrology in the UK. This was a period of a major increase in government funding for science. Establishing hydrology as an environmental science to compete for a share in this boost in funding with well-recognised subjects such as geology, ecology and oceanography depended on the work of enthusiastic scientists influencing the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Progress was made by key individuals not only by their own research contributions but also by their influential work within the government, exemplified by the roles of five physicists. In attempting to accelerate hydrological science, mistakes were made but, in this period, a major research institute was founded, large field catchment experiments were set up and research and training within UK universities increased significantly. The research is based on participant observation and examination of contemporary committee papers held in the UK National Archives, Kew and in the Science Museum Archive, Wroughton.
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-Type Glutamate Receptors and Demyelinating Disorders: A Neuroimmune Perspective
Authors: Rezaei Nima , Abhari Amir Parsa , Etemadifar Masoud , Yazdanpanah Niloufar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors, highly important in regulating substantial physiologic processes in the brain and the nervous system, and disturbance in their function could contribute to different pathologies. Overstimulation and hyperactivity of NMDARs, termed glutamate toxicity, could promote cell death and apoptosis. Meanwhile, their blockade could lead to dysfunction of the brain and nervous system. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the prominent role of NMDARs in demyelinating disorders and anti- NMDAR encephalitis. Herein, we provide an overview of NMDARs’ dysfunction in the physiopathology of demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Extracellular Vesicles From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit
Apoptosis and Autophagy of Ischemia-hypoxia Cardiomyocyte Line in
vitro by Carrying miR-144-3p to Inhibit ROCK1
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Peng Xue , Zhao Li , Zhao Hongying , Gu Qianqian 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been classified as a prevalent condition threatening human health. This study sought to explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-extracellular vesicles (EVs) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy induced by ischemia-hypoxia (I/H).

Methods and Materials:
EVs were isolated from BMSCs by means of ultracentrifugation. The I/H cardiomyocyte model was established and cultured with EVs to evaluate the degree of internalization of EVs by the cardiomyocyte line, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy of the cardiomyocyte line. The targeting relationship between miR-144-3p and ROCK1 was verified. EVs were isolated after transfection of BMSCs with the miR-144-3p inhibitor to evaluate the effect of miR-144-3p on cardiomyocyte line.

Results and Discussion:
After overexpression of ROCK1 in the I/H cardiomyocyte line treated with EVs, the I/H cardiomyocyte line apoptosis and autophagy were determined. BMSCs-EVs suppressed I/H-induced apoptosis and autophagy of cardiomyocyte line. BMSCs-EVs carried miR-144-3p into the I/H cardiomyocyte line, and the down-regulation of miR-144-3p in EVs partially inverted the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy of the I/H cardiomyocyte line induced by EVs. Our findings denoted that miR-144-3p targeted ROCK1. Overexpression of ROCK1 partially inverted the inhibition of EVs on I/H cardiomyocyte line apoptosis and autophagy. BMSCs-EVs-derived miR-144-3p targeted ROCK1 to radically activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, our study elicited that BMSCs-EVs carried miR-144-3p into the I/H cardiomyocyte line to target ROCK1 and stimulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thus inhibiting I/H-induced cardiomyocyte line apoptosis and autophagy.