bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet exposure of competitors during a Tokyo Olympic Sailing Regatta Test Event
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Manzanedo José Vicente , Vaz Pardal Carmen , Blázquez‐Sánchez Nuria , De Gálvez Maria Victoria , Aguilera‐Arjona José , González‐Montesinos Jose Luis , Rivas Ruiz Francisco , De Troya‐Martín Magdalena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOverexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention.ObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions.MethodsSolar daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation cycle, personal UV dosimetry, photoprotection practices and sunburn checking were followed during three consecutive days of competition among sailors from the Spanish Olympic Sailing Team during a Tokyo Olympic Regatta Test Event.ResultsA total of 13 sailors (7 women), with mean age of 27.6 ± 4.7 years and sports experience of 17.7 ± 5.4 years, were studied. The most common phototypes were type III (53.8%) and type II (38.5%). The rate of sunburn checked was high (46.2%). The mean daily personal UV exposure received was 761.0 ± 263.6 J/m2, 3.0 ± 1.1 minimal erythemal dose and 7.6 ± 2.6 standard erythemal dose, seven times greater than the maximum permissible UV light exposure values for an 8 h working day. The use of a T‐shirt was the most common practice (94.2%), followed by the use of shade (50.2%), hat/cap (44.0%), sunglasses (26.1%) and sunscreen (11.8%).ConclusionsOlympic sailor's studies presented high levels of UV radiation received, high rate of sunburn and insufficient adherence to sun‐protective behaviours (especially, to use of sunscreen) to prevent sunburn, the main cause of skin cancer. Sport Federations should develop educational campaigns addressing sun‐related exposure habits and photoprotection behaviours to reduce the risk of skin cancer among these athletes.
Public support for vice presidential reform
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis analysis explores public support for reforming both the selection of vice presidents and the institution itself. Survey data show some evidence that those who favorably view the concepts of political moderation and bipartisanship support vice presidential reform, while partisans and ideologues (broadly defined) seem to oppose it. In addition, there is a negative association between job approval ratings for Vice President Mike Pence and support for vice presidential reform. The only demographic factor that was significant in the analysis was gender, with females more likely than males to support reform.
Effects of future pension benefits on pre‐retirement labor supply: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Becerra Oscar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I estimate the effect of future pension benefits on pre‐retirement labor supply for a representative sample of Chilean workers. Using nonlinear patterns in pension benefit formulas and a reform that permanently changed non‐contributory pensions, I estimate the effect of pension accrual and expected pension wealth on labor force and contributory‐sector participation, labor earnings, and hours worked. I find that the effect is concentrated on the impact of pension accrual on the probability to contribute to the pension system. The effect is heterogeneous and is concentrated among middle‐aged workers, low‐skilled workers, and workers with higher financial literacy.
Superharmonic instability of stokes waves
Authors: Korotkevich A. O. , Lushnikov P. M. , Semenova A. , Dyachenko S. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA stability of nearly limiting Stokes waves to superharmonic perturbations is considered numerically in approximation of an infinite depth. Investigation of the stability properties can give one an insight into the evolution of the Stokes wave. The new, previously inaccessible branches of superharmonic instability were investigated. Our numerical simulations suggest that eigenvalues of linearized dynamical equations, corresponding to the unstable modes, appear as a result of a collision of a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues at the origin, and a subsequent appearance of a pair of purely real eigenvalues: a positive and a negative one that are symmetric with respect to zero. Complex conjugate pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues correspond to stable modes, and as the steepness of the underlying Stokes wave grows, the pairs move toward the origin along the imaginary axis. Moreover, when studying the eigenvalues of linearized dynamical equations we find that as the steepness of the Stokes wave grows, the real eigenvalues follow a universal scaling law, that can be approximated by a power law. The asymptotic power law behavior of this dependence for instability of Stokes waves close to the limiting one is proposed. Surface elevation profiles for several unstable eigenmodes are made available through http://stokeswave.org
website.
Image correlation technique for strain measurement of polycrystalline microstructures
Authors: Hafiz Youssef A. F. , Stachurski Zbigniew , Kalyanasundaram Shankar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn image processing technique is proposed to measure the deformation of polycrystalline materials based on correlating the grains in reference and deformed SEM images. The advantage of this technique compared to the conventional subset‐based Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is that it can be applied when speckle patterning is not efficient or when studying boundary‐related mechanics is the objective. The technique is based on correlating grains by defining their boundaries rather than just subsets of image pixels. It reveals the anisotropy inherent in the polycrystals since it allows the analysis to specify each grain separately without averaging the results. The technique is applied by detecting the approximate grain boundaries edges and then refining their location with high accuracy. The correlation is performed between points calculated from each grain in the reference and deformed images as a Point Set Registration (PSR) problem. Finally, the displacements and strains are calculated from the resulting transformation matrix. A benchmark problem was developed to discuss the error over a strain range of 0.02 to 0.2 and showed that the resulting strains are reasonably accurate. Also, an in situ experiment was conducted to demonstrate the implementation of the technique using a specimen with fine‐grained Zirconia polycrystals. The technique successfully revealed the crack tip plastic zone, and strain mismatch between grains.
Transfusion therapy of neonatal and paediatric patients: They are not just little adults
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Al‐Mozain Nour , Auron Moises , Bocquet Christopher , Clem Sam , Gupta Gaurav K. , Hensch Lisa , Klein Norma , Lea Nicole C. , Mandal Saikat , Pelletier Peter , Resheidat Ashraf , (Yossi)Schwartz Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatient blood management (PBM) strategies are needed in the neonate and paediatric population, given that haemoglobin thresholds used are often higher than recommended by evidence, with exposure of children to potential complications without meaningful benefit. A literature review was performed on the following topics: evidence‐based transfusions of blood components and pharmaceutical agents. Other topics reviewed included perioperative coagulation assessment and perioperative PBM. The Transfusion and Anaemia Expertise Initiative (TAXI) consortium published a consensus statement addressing haemoglobin (Hb) transfusion threshold in multiple subsets of patients. A multicentre trial (PlaNeT‐2) reported a higher risk of bleeding and death or serious new bleeding among infants who received platelet transfusion at a higher (50 000/μl) compared to a lower (25 000/μl) threshold. Recent data support the use of a restrictive transfusion threshold of 25 000/μl for prophylactic platelet transfusions in preterm neonates. The TAXI‐CAB consortium mentioned that in critically ill paediatric patients undergoing invasive procedures outside of the operating room, platelet transfusion might be considered when the platelet count is less than or equal to 20 000/μl and there is no benefit of platelet transfusion when the platelet count is more than 50 000/μl. There are limited controlled studies in paediatric and neonatal population regarding plasma transfusion. Blood conservation strategies to minimise allogenic blood exposure are essential to positive patient outcomes neonatal and paediatric transfusion practices have changed significantly in recent years since randomised controlled trials were published to guide practice. Additional studies are needed in order to provide practice change recommendations.
Mitochondrial gene rearrangements suggest a new genus in the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Yang Yuxia , Kang Ya , Tong Junbo , Ge Xueying , Yang Xingke , Liu Haoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Cephalomalthinus semifumatus species group, referred to as the “semifumatus” group henceforth, is interesting because of its heterogeneous morphology resembling either Cephalomalthinus Pic, 1921 or Rhagonycha Eschscholtz, 1830. To elucidate its phylogenetic status, mitochondrial genomes of four species of the “semifumatus” group, 11 Cephalomalthinus species, and 11 Rhagonycha species were sequenced and examined. All analysed mitogenomes were similar with respect to genome size, nucleotide composition, and AT content. Surprisingly, a rearrangement of the trnW‐trnC and trnY genes was detected in the “semifumatus” group, presumably caused by tandem duplication and random loss events. Furthermore, genetic distance analyses showed that the proximity of the “semifumatus” group to Cephalomalthinus and to Rhagonycha was comparable to that between the latter two. Moreover, the produced phylogeny strongly supported the monophyly of the “semifumatus” group, and molecular clock analyses dated its divergence from Cephalomalthinus to 32.52 Ma. Thus, the new genus Amphimorphus gen. nov. is suggested to comprise the “semifumatus” group, in which the observed gene rearrangement was a synapomorphy. Moreover, morphological evidence regarding the unique structure of the aedeagus supported this separation. These results indicate that mitochondrial gene rearrangement provide important phylogenetic implications for revising Cephalomalthinus, a speciose genus that is puzzling in the morphology‐based taxonomy.
A Real-Time Output–Loss Method for Monitoring Heat Rate for Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Staller Joseph M. , Craven Robert P. M. , Idem Stephen , Munukutla Sastry , Kirkpatrick Keith , Benton Dudley , Eisenstadt Susan , Kopperstad Karsten , Leedy Seth , McHale Joe , Licata Anthony , Andrei Dan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a real-time performance monitoring method based on PTC 4-2013 for determining instantaneous heat rates for coal-fired power plants. The calculation protocol uses a modified output–loss approach applied to a control volume that closely conforms to the boiler. The largest energy balance term is the heat transfer rate to the steam, which is known accurately in real-time when the plant employs properly calibrated instrumentation. The first-law energy balance also requires a balanced combustion equation which depends on coal composition, which is not known in real-time. A periodic or alert-driven calibration utilizes an ultimate analysis of a carefully collected coal sample and historic plant data obtained during the collection time of the coal sample. This is used to calculate correction factors for the coal mass flowrate, air preheater leakage, and CO2 and SO2 concentrations at the economizer exit derived from continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) measurements performed at that location. The iterative calculations required to determine the coal composition in real-time are presented. The real-time performance algorithm exhibited significant sensitivity associated with measurements of the steam heat transfer rate, which was the dominant term in the overall boiler energy balance. Other input parameters generally yielded a much lower influence on calculated heat rate. It was concluded that for optimal accuracy of the output–loss method the steam and coal mass flowrates must be measured as accurately as possible.
Propulsion Cost Changes of Ultra-Lightweight Manual Wheelchairs After One Year of Simulated Use
Authors: Misch Jacob , Sprigle Stephen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Manual wheelchairs are available with folding or rigid frames to meet the preferences and needs of individual users. Folding styles are commonly regarded as more portable and storable, whereas rigid frames are commonly regarded as more efficient for frequently daily use. To date, there are no studies directly comparing the performances of the frame types. Furthermore, while differences have been reported in the longevity of the frame types, no efforts have been made to relate this durability back to the real-world performance of the frames. This study investigated the propulsion efficiencies of four folding and two rigid ultra-lightweight frames equipped with identical drive tires and casters. A robotic wheelchair tester was used to measure the propulsion costs of each chair over two surfaces: concrete and carpet. A motorized carousel was used to drive the chairs 511 km around a circular track to simulate one year of use for each wheelchair. After simulated use, five of the six wheelchairs showed no decrease in propulsion effort, indicating that the frames were able to withstand the stresses of simulated use without a detrimental impact on performance. In the unused “new” condition, rigid chairs were found to have superior (&gt;5%) performance over folding frames on concrete and carpet, and in the “worn” condition rigid chairs had superior performance over folding chairs on concrete but were comparable on the carpeted surface.
Revisiting evolution equations for generalised parton distributions
Authors: Bertone Valerio , Dutrieux Hervé , Mezrag Cédric , Morgado José M. , Moutarde Hervé 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe revisit the evolution of generalised parton distributions (GPDs) in momentum space. We formulate the evolution kernels at one loop in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) in a form that is suitable for numerical implementation and that allows for an accurate study of their properties. This leads to the first open-source implementation of GPD evolution equations able to cover the entire kinematic region and allowing for heavy-quark-threshold crossings. The numerical implementation of the GPD evolution equations is publicly accessible through the evolution library and is available within the framework. Our formulation makes use of the operator definition of GPDs in light-cone gauge renormalised in the $$\overline{\text{ MS }}$$

MS

¯

scheme. For the sake of clarity, we recompute the evolution kernels at one loop in pQCD, confirming previous calculations. We obtain general conditions on the evolution kernels derived from the GPD sum rules and show that our formulation obeys these conditions. We analytically show that our calculation reproduces the DGLAP and the ERBL equations in the appropriate limits and that it guarantees the continuity of GPDs. We numerically check that the evolved GPDs fulfil DGLAP and ERBL limits, continuity, and polynomiality. We benchmark our numerical implementation against analytical evolution in conformal space. Finally, we perform a numerical comparison to an existing implementation of GPD evolution, finding general good agreement on the kinematic region accessible to the latter. This work provides a pedagogical description of GPD evolution equations which benefits from a renewed interest as future colliders, such as the electron-ion colliders in the United States and in China, are being designed. It also paves the way for the extension of GPD evolution codes to higher accuracies in pQCD desirable for precision phenomenology at these facilities.
Some 3-dimensional maximally symmetric solutions of Einstein-aether theory
Authors: Ma Wen-Xuan , Shi Yang , Wang Towe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWorking in isotropic coordinates, we get some maximally symmetric nonrotating solutions of the Einstein-aether theory in $$2+1$$

2
+
1

dimensions, all in analytical forms. Curvature singularities are not found in the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars, while conical singularities are avoidable by fixing some integration constants. In Schwarzschild type coordinates, most line elements become the metric of a black hole or a massive particle in the $$2+1$$

2
+
1

-dimensional de Sitter or anti-de Sitter spacetime, but in some solutions the aether field cannot be written in closed forms.
Heavy + heavy and heavy + light pseudoscalar to vector semileptonic transitions
Authors: Xing Hui-Yu , Xu Zhen-Ni , Cui Zhu-Fang , Roberts Craig D. , Xu Chang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a symmetry-preserving regularisation of a vector$$\times $$×vector contact interaction (SCI), we complete a systematic treatment of twelve semileptonic transitions with vector meson final states:$$D\rightarrow \rho $$D→ρ,$$D_{(s)}\rightarrow K^*$$D(s)→K∗,$$D_s\rightarrow \phi $$Ds→ϕ,$$B\rightarrow \rho $$B→ρ,$$B_s\rightarrow K^*$$Bs→K∗,$$B_{(s)}\rightarrow D_{(s)}^*$$B(s)→D(s)∗,$$B_c \rightarrow B_{(s)}^*, J/\psi , D^*$$Bc→B(s)∗,J/ψ,D∗; and thereby finalise a unified analysis of semileptonic decays of heavy + heavy and heavy + light pseudoscalar mesons to both pseudoscalar and vector meson final states. The analysis is marked by algebraic simplicity, few parameters, and the ability to consistently describe systems from Nambu-Goldstone modes to heavy + heavy mesons. Regarding the behaviour of the transition form factors, the SCI results compare well wherever sound experimental or independent theory analyses are available; hence, the SCI branching fraction predictions should be a reasonable guide. Considering the ratios$$R(D_{(s)}^{(*)})$$R(D(s)(∗)),$$R(J/\psi )$$R(J/ψ),$$R(\eta _c)$$R(ηc), whose values are key tests of lepton universality in weak interactions, the SCI values agree with Standard Model predictions. The$$B_{(s)}\rightarrow D_{(s)}^*$$B(s)→D(s)∗transitions are used to predict the precursor functions that evolve into the universal Isgur–Wise function in the heavy-quark limit, with results that conform with those from other sources where such are available. The study also exposes effects on the transition form factors that flow from interference between emergent hadron mass from the strong interaction and Higgs boson couplings via current-quark masses, including flavour symmetry violation.
Light dark matter around 100 GeV from the inert doublet model
Authors: AbdusSalam Shehu , Kalhor Leila , Mohammadidoust Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe made global fits of the inert Higgs doublet model (IDM) in the light of collider and dark matter search limits and the requirement for a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT). These show that there are still IDM parameter spaces compatible with the observational constraints considered. In particular, the data and theoretical requirements imposed favour the hypothesis for the existence of a scalar dark matter candidate around 100 GeV. This is mostly due to the pull towards lower masses by the EWPT constraint. The impact of electroweak precision measurements, the dark matter direct detection limits, and the condition for obtaining a strongly enough first-order EWPT, all have strong dependence, sometimes in opposing directions, on the mass splittings between the IDM scalars.
A Novel 5-Methylcytosine- and Immune-Related Prognostic Signature Is a Potential Marker of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhou Hua-Fu 
Published: October 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and highly lethal pulmonary interstitial lung disease. The current study is aimed at investigating reliable markers suitable for the treatment and identification of IPF. This study constructed the first 5-methylcytosine- (m5C-) and immune-related prognostic signature (m5CPS) based on coexpressed genes of m5C regulatory genes and immune-related genes. The m5CPS was established using the training cohort (

n
=
68

) and verified using the test (

n
=
44

) and validation (

n
=
64

) cohorts. The area under the curve (AUC) values were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of m5CPS in predicting the survival of IPF patients. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic effect of m5CPS. The AUC was utilized to evaluate the reliability of m5CPS in distinguishing IPF patients from healthy individuals. In terms of the results, m5CPS could predict the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates of IPF patients with high accuracy (

AUC
=
.803
–
.973

). In fact, m5CPS is not only an independent indicator of the poor prognosis of IPF patients (

hazard

ratio
>
1

;

p
<
.05

) but can also distinguish IPF patients from healthy individuals (

AUC
=
.862

). Also, m5CPS may affect the immune response and inflammatory response, and it was positively associated with the infiltration levels of active mast cells (

p
<
.05

). In sum, the current study establishes a novel m5CPS for IPF and reveals the role of m5CPS as a reliable marker for predicting the prognosis and disease status of IPF patients.
CHOICE OF PROFESSION AS PART OF CAREER PLANNING AND FACTORS AFFECTING UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT PREFERENCE: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: DUMAN Orhan , ERCAN Sertaç 
Published: October 2022

The factors influencing the choice of profession, one of the stages of career planning, are scrutinized in this study. The study's primary purpose is to define the factors affecting the choice of profession and contribute to universities' promotion and marketing activities. Within the scope of the research, focus group interviews were performed with undergraduate students, and the data acquired were analyzed using the grounded theory. According to the analysis results, the factors affecting the choice of a profession were reported by reducing to two themes and five categories. Accordingly, environmental factors, marketing activities, social media, obligations, and personal factors were determined as the main factors affecting the choice of profession.
In the light of the findings, valuable suggestions have been put forward for universities as part of institutions and academicians working on choice of profession, and university department preferences, which is a decisive stage of career choice. In this day and age, where individual behaviors and social understandings are constantly altering/transforming, the fact that the factors affecting the choice of a profession also change daily shows that studies and research on this subject should be continually updated. This study is considered to make a genuine contribution to the literature as one of the current research.