bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward revising dietary zinc recommendations for children aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of zinc absorption, excretion, and requirements for growth
Authors: Ceballos-Rasgado Marena , Lowe Nicola M , Moran Victoria H , Clegg Andrew , Mallard Simonette , Harris Catherine , Montez Jason , Xipsiti Maria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization are updating their dietary zinc recommendations for children aged 0 to 3 years.

Objective
The aim of this review was to retrieve and synthesize evidence regarding zinc needs for growth as well as zinc losses, absorption, and bioavailability from the diet.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched electronically from inception to August 2020. Studies assessing the above factors in healthy children aged 0 to 9 years were included, with no limits on study design or language.

Data Extraction
Ninety-four studies reporting on zinc content in tissue (n = 27); zinc absorption (n = 47); factors affecting zinc bioavailability (n = 30); and endogenous zinc losses via urine, feces, or integument (n = 40) met the inclusion criteria. Four reviewers extracted data and two reviewers checked for accuracy.

Data Analyses
Studies were synthesized narratively, and meta-analyses of zinc losses and gains as well the subgroups of age, type of feeding, country’s income, and molar ratio of phytate to zinc were conducted. Meta-analysis revealed an overall mean (95%CI) urinary and endogenous fecal zinc excretion of 17.48 µg/kg/d (11.80–23.15; I2 = 94%) and 0.07 mg/kg/d (0.06–0.08; I2 = 82%), respectively, with a mean fractional zinc absorption of 26.75% (23.69–29.81; I2 = 99%). Subgrouping by age revealed differences in mean values associated with the transition from milk-based diets to solid food during the first 3 years of life.

Conclusion
This review synthesizes data that may be used to formulate zinc requirements in young children. Results should be interpreted with caution because of considerable heterogeneity in the evidence.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42020215236.
Immune-Based Therapy for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Risk of Secondary Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kabbani Dima , Sonpar Ashlesha , Weyant Benson , Lau Keith C K , Robbins Mark , Campbell Sandra , Doucette Karen , Abraldes Juan G , Lotfi Tamara , Chaktoura Marlene , Akl Elie A , Cervera Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Immune-based therapies are standard-of-care treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring hospitalization. However, safety concerns related to the potential risk of secondary infections may limit their use.

Methods
We searched OVID Medline, Ovid EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and PROSPERO in October 2020 and updated the search in November 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pairs of reviewers screened abstracts and full studies and extracted data in an independent manner. We used RevMan to conduct a meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI for the incidence of infection. Statistical heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic. We assessed risk of bias for all studies and rated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. We conducted a meta-regression using the R package to meta-explore whether age, sex, and invasive mechanical ventilation modified risk of infection with immune-based therapies. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021229406).

Results
This was a meta-analysis of 37 RCTs including 32 621 participants (mean age, 60 years; 64% male). The use of immune-based therapy for COVID-19 conferred mild protection for the occurrence of secondary infections (711/15 721, 4.5%, vs 616/16 900, 3.6%; RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71–0.95; P = .008; I2 = 28%). A subgroup analysis did not identify any subgroup effect by type of immune-based therapies (P = .85). A meta-regression revealed no impact of age, sex, or mechanical ventilation on the effect of immune-based therapies on risk of infection.

Conclusions
We identified moderate-certainty evidence that the use of immune-based therapies in COVID-19 requiring hospitalization does not increase the risk of secondary infections.
Descriptive Data on Trends Among Patients Hospitalized With Lyme Disease in Southwest Michigan, 2017–2021
Authors: Avner Benjamin S 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis retrospective chart review identifies hospitalizations for Lyme disease at two southwest Michigan hospital systems, 2017-2021. Lyme admissions increased sharply, while admissions for Lyme carditis and neuroborreliosis increased in parallel. Southwest Michigan is becoming an endemic area for Lyme disease.
Counting integral points on indefinite ternary quadratic equations over number fields
Authors: Xu Fei , Zhang Runlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study an asymptotic formula for counting integral points over an equation defined by a non-degenerate indefinite integral ternary quadratic form f representing a non-zero integer a such that $-a\cdot det(\,f)$ is square over a number field. In particular, we prove that the leading coefficient of this asymptotic formula is given by the product of local densities normalized by $1-p^{-1}$ over all finite primes p.
The association of trauma with self-reported flares and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Katz Patricia , Patterson Sarah L , DeQuattro Kimberly , Lanata Cristina M , Barbour Kamil E , Greenlund Kurt J , Gordon Caroline , Criswell Lindsey A , Dall’Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Trauma has been linked to incident SLE, but its relationship with SLE disease activity is unknown. This analysis examines associations between trauma exposures and patient-reported SLE disease activity and flares.

Methods
Data were from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES). Flares were self-reported as any flare and, of those, flares accompanied by medical care (hospitalization or physician contact). The Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) assessed disease activity. The Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ) assessed all historical trauma exposures. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire was available for a subset. Multivariable regression analyses (n = 252) examined whether trauma exposure was associated with flares or SLAQ controlling for age, sex, poverty, race/ethnicity, comorbidities, perceived stress, disease duration and self-reported disease damage.

Results
Excluding exposure to serious illness, 63.4% reported ≥1 trauma exposure. Any traumatic event, excluding illness, doubled the odds of a flare [OR 2.27 (95% CI 1.24, 4.17)] and was associated with significantly higher SLAQ scores [β 2.31 (0.86, 3.76)]. Adjusted odds of any flare and flare with medical care were significantly elevated for those with both BTQ and ACE exposures [5.91 (2.21, 15.82) and 4.69 (1.56, 14.07), respectively]. SLAQ scores were also higher for those with both exposures [β 5.22 (3.00, 7.44)].

Conclusion
In this cohort, those with a history of trauma reported more flares and greater disease activity. Identifying mechanisms of associations between trauma and disease activity and flares, as well as interventions to mitigate the effects of trauma exposures is critical, given the high rates of trauma exposures.
Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in neotropical bats in an urban area of São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Bueno Larissa M , Melo Danilo M , Azevedo Roberta D , de Souza William M , Figueiredo Luiz T M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough hantaviruses have long been associated with rodents, they are also described in other mammalian hosts, such as shrews, moles and bats. Hantaviruses associated with bats have been described in Asian, European and Brazilian species of bats. As these mammals represent the second major mammalian order, and they are the major mammals that inhabit urban areas, it is extremely important to maintain a viral surveillance in these animals. Our aim was to conduct serosurveillance in bats in an urban area in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, to contribute to the information about hantaviruses circulation in bats.MethodsWe analyzed samples from 778 neotropical bat specimens classified into 21 bat species and four different families collected in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto city, from 2014 to 2019 by an ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies against orthohantavirus.ResultsWe detected IgG-specific antibodies against the nucleoprotein of orthohantavirus in 0.9% (7/778) bats tested, including four Molossus molossus (Pallas' Free-tailed Bat), two Glossophaga soricina (Pallas's Long-tongued Bat) and one Eumops glaucinus (Wagner's mastiff bat).ConclusionsOverall, our results show the first serological evidence of hantavirus infection in three common bat species in urban areas.
Spatiotemporal analysis of malaria incidence in Côte d'Ivoire from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Azongnibo Konan R M , Guindo-Coulibaly Negnorogo , Bonnet Emmanuel , Kokro-Djahouri Maimouna N W , Assouho Konan F , Niamke Mathieu G , Fournet Florence , Anoh Paul K , Assi Serge-Brice , Adja Akré M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe collection of malaria cases over time allows the identification of areas with the highest incidence. Our objective was to characterize the spatial distribution of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire from 2015 to 2019 at the health district level.MethodsData on the number of reported malaria cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the general population, the number of patients attending medical consultations and the total population by health district and year were collected from the National Malaria Control Program in Côte d’Ivoire. Crude and adjusted incidence rates were estimated for each health district and year. Adjusted incidence rates were used to perform global (Moran's index) and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) analyses.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2019, mean crude incidence rates increased from 155.5‰ to 229.8‰. We observed significant heterogeneity in malaria incidence rates across the study period and within a given year. The overall Moran index showed spatial autocorrelation for every year analysed except 2017. The LISA analysis showed that the health districts with high incidence rates were concentrated in the western zone of Côte d'Ivoire.ConclusionsThe use of spatial analyses to identify the areas with the highest malaria incidence rates is a relevant approach to optimize control measures in targeted areas.
Opportunities and challenges of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Zou Ji’an , Zeng Yue , Wu Fang 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study is to summarize the completed and ongoing clinical trials of neoadjuvant targeted therapy, discuss tolerability and efficacy, and explain the role of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At the same time, the existing challenges are presented, including assessment methods, biomarkers, surrogate endpoints and so on. We also put forward our views on possible ways to make improvements and establish neoadjuvant therapy a standard treatment in resectable NSCLC.

Recent findings
The mortality of lung cancer has decreased in the last 10 years, which can partly be attributed to advancement of targeted therapy. Targeted therapy has become the first-line treatment for patients with advanced mutation gene positive NSCLC, achieving the effect of prolonging overall survival (OS). Compared with chemotherapy, targeted therapy is associated with good tolerability and high response rate. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy has emerged in recent years and attracted attention of researchers. Early findings proved that neoadjuvant targeted therapy alone can improve patients’ disease-free survival (DFS) and the efficacy of combining with other forms of neoadjuvant therapy is also being explored by researchers.

Summary
Neoadjuvant targeted therapy is playing an important role in NSCLC and worth more in-depth research.
Agreement of Diagnostic Classification Between Structural Parameters in Pre-Perimetric and Early Perimetric Glaucoma
Authors: Mathews Basil , Le Patrick H. , Budenz Donald L. , Mwanza Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2022

Précis:
In both pre-perimetric and early perimetric glaucoma, the diagnostic agreements between optic disk, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer parameters based on Cirrus HD-OCT normative database classification were mostly fair, suggesting that abnormal classification in 1 anatomic area may suffice for the diagnosis of glaucoma in early stages.

Purpose:
To evaluate the agreement of normative database diagnostic classification between optic disk, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in patients with early glaucoma.

Methods:
Retrospective cross-sectional study involving 66 eyes (66 patients) with pre-perimetric and 97 eyes (97 patients) with early perimetric glaucoma. Normative database diagnostic classifications were retrieved from Cirrus HD-OCT scans of 1 eye per participant. An eye was considered abnormal if any of the optic disk, RNFL, or GCIPL was abnormal (yellow or red color-coded classification). For combined parameters, the eye had to be flagged as abnormal by both classifications, regardless of the parameters that were abnormal (global or sectorial). The agreement was assessed with Cohen’s Kappa statistics.

Results:
The agreement between RNFL and GCIPL was fair in both pre-perimetric (κ=0.25) and perimetric glaucoma (κ=0.21). Agreements between RNFL or GCIPL and optic nerve head parameters (rim area and vertical cup-to-disk ratio; VCDR) were inconclusive due to insufficient data (P>0.05). Combining GCIPL and rim area agreed fairly with RNFL both in pre-perimetric (κ=0.21) and perimetric glaucoma (κ=0.33). The best classification agreement (moderate) was achieved with the comparison of RNFL-rim area versus VCDR (κ=0.48 in pre-perimetric, 0.45 in perimetric glaucoma). There were no significant differences between pre-perimetric and perimetric glaucoma coefficients of classification agreement.

Conclusions:
The normative database diagnostic agreements between optic disk, RNFL, and GCIPL were mostly fair in both pre-perimetric and early perimetric glaucoma. Clinicians should not wait for multiple structures to show abnormality on OCT to diagnose early glaucoma.
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Two Hexavalent Infant Vaccines Concomitantly Administered With Group B Meningococcal Vaccine
Authors: Rajan Matthew , Marchevsky Natalie , Sinclair Gemma , O’Brien Katie , Jefferies Kimberley , Owino Nelly , Hallis Bassam , Goldblatt David , Matheson Mary , Cuthbertson Hannah , Aley Parvinder , Liu Xinxue , Snape Matthew D. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Three hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB) vaccines are licensed in Europe, only one of which (Vaxelis, Hex-V), uses a meningococcal outer membrane protein complex as a carrier protein for Hemophilus influenza type b (Hib), creating potential interactions with the meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB.

Methods:
In this single-center open-label randomized trial, infants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive Hex-V or an alternative hexavalent vaccine (Infanrix-Hexa, Hex-IH) at 2, 3, and 4 months with 4CMenB (2, 4, and 12 months) in the UK routine immunization schedule. The primary outcome was noninferiority of geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-PRP (Hib) IgG at 5 months of age. Secondary outcomes included safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of other administered vaccines measured at 5 and 13 months of age.

Results:
Of the 194 participants enrolled, 96 received Hex-V and 98 Hex-IH. Noninferiority of anti-PRP IgG GMCs at 5 months of age in participants receiving Hex-V was established; GMCs were 23-times higher following three doses of Hex-V than three doses of Hex-IH (geometric mean ratio (GMR) 23.25; one-sided 95% CI 16.21, -). 78/85 (92%) of Hex-V recipients and 43/87 (49%) of Hex-IH recipients had anti-PRP antibodies ≥1.0 µg/mL. At 5 months of age serum, bactericidal activity titers against MenB strain 5/99 were higher following Hex-V than Hex-IH (GMR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13–2.14). The reactogenicity profile was similar in both groups.

Conclusions:
These data support flexibility in the use of either Hex-IH or Hex-V in infant immunization schedules containing 4CMenB, with the possibility that Hex-V may enhance protection against Hib.
Using unfolding case scenarios to promote clinical reasoning for nurse practitioner students
Authors: Ellis Misty , Hampton Debra , Makowski Andrew , Falls Candice , Tovar Elizabeth , Scott Leslie , Melander Sheila 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
This article describes how an unfolding case study can be used to promote the development of clinical reasoning through students' self-reported perceptions, although at the same time facilitating collaboration among providers from various specialties. An unfolding case (evolving case) provides sequential information about a patient's illness trajectory as they experience the illness and related symptomology. An unfolding case study was implemented during a college skills laboratory immersion experience for 33 nurse practitioner (NP) students who were in their final year of the NP program. Students were invited per email to complete a confidential REDCap survey after the case presentation and discussion. Twenty-three students completed the survey. More than half of the students (52%) stated the review of the unfolding case offered “significant learning value” and 78% rated the unfolding case as being “very to extremely” helpful in creating opportunities for critical thinking and engagement in clinical reasoning. Implementing unfolding case studies in NP student program curricula promotes critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and allows opportunities to engage in interprofessional collaboration.
The Demographics of Menière's Disease: Selection Bias or Differential Susceptibility?
Authors: Thompson-Harvey Adam , Friedland David R. , Adams Jazzmyne A. , Tong Ling , Osinski Kristen , Luo Jake 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To clarify whether the reported lack of racial and ethnic diversity among Menière's disease (MD) patients is representative of selection bias or disease susceptibility.

Study Design
Retrospective medical record review and population-level analyses.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Cohort of 1091 patients diagnosed with MD by the tertiary otology service.

Main Outcome Measure
Demographic and population-level characteristics (age, sex, race, insurance status, ZIP code, median income, education level) compared with local, regional, health system, and otolaryngology clinic demographics.

Results
Patients seen for MD were significantly older than those seen throughout the otolaryngology clinic (median, 65.0 versus 58.8 yr) or health system (65.0 versus 50.8 yr). A majority of patients with MD were of White race (92%), compared with 2.7% Black race and 0.5% Asian. Using population-level data, median income and having medical insurance were significantly correlated with care for MD. A disproportionate rate of care for MD was seen in ZIP codes outside urban areas as compared with other otologic and otolaryngologic conditions seen in the same clinic.

Conclusion
Patients with MD are of older age, more likely to be of White race, and disproportionately from rural locales. The demographic profile of patients diagnosed with MD by tertiary otology is better explained by differential susceptibility to MD than by selection bias.
Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis in Critically Ill Children With Acute Kidney Injury: Single-Center Observational Cohort in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Shiri Swathi , Naik Naveen Maruti , AV Lalitha , Vasudevan Anil 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate use of sustained low efficiency dialysis (SLED) in critically ill children with acute kidney injury in a resource-limited setting.

DESIGN:
Observational database cohort study (December 2016 to January 2020).

SETTING:
PICU of a tertiary hospital in India.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill children undergoing SLED were included in the study.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Demographic and clinical data, prescription variables, hemodynamic status, complications, kidney, and patient outcomes of all children undergoing SLED in the PICU were analyzed. A total of 33 children received 103 sessions of SLED. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age and weight of children who received SLED were 9 years (4.5–12.8 yr) and 26 kg (15.2–34 kg), respectively. The most common diagnosis was sepsis with septic shock in 17 patients, and the mean (±sd) Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score at admission was 11.8 (±6.4). The median (IQR) number and mean (±sd) duration of inotropes per session were 3 hours (2–4 hr) and 96 (±82) hours, respectively. Of 103 sessions, the most common indication for SLED was oligoanuria with fluid overload and the need for creating space for fluid and nutritional support in 45 sessions (44%). The mean (±sd) duration of SLED was 6.4 (±1.3) hours with 72 of 103 sessions requiring priming. The mean (±sd) ultrafiltration rate per session achieved was 4.6 (±3) mL/kg/hr. There was significant decrease in urea and creatinine by end of SLED compared with the start, with mean change in urea and serum creatinine being 32.36 mg/dL (95% CI, 18.53–46.18 mg/dL) (p < 0.001) and 0.70 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.35–1.06 mg/dL) (p < 0.001), respectively. Complications were observed in 44 of 103 sessions, most common being intradialytic hypotension (21/103) and bleeding at the catheter site (21/103). Despite complications in one third of the sessions, only nine sessions were prematurely stopped, and 23 of 33 patients receiving SLED survived.

Conclusion:
In critically ill children, our experience with SLED is that it is feasible and provides a viable form of kidney replacement therapy in a resource-limited setting.
Association between ten-eleven methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 genetic variation and viral load in people with HIV
Authors: Murray Daniel D. , Grund Birgit , MacPherson Cameron R. , Ekenberg Christina , Zucco Adrian G. , Reekie Joanne , Dominguez-Dominguez Lourdes , Leung Preston , Fusco Dahlene , Gras Julien , Gerstoft Jan , Helleberg Marie , Borges Álvaro H. , Polizzotto Mark N. , Lundgren Jens D. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Identifying genetic factors that influence HIV-pathogenesis is critical for understanding disease pathways. Previous studies have suggested a role for the human gene ten-eleven methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in modulating HIV-pathogenesis.

Methods:
We assessed whether genetic variation in TET2 was associated with markers of HIV-pathogenesis using both gene level and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level association in 8512 HIV-positive persons across five clinical trial cohorts.

Results:
Variation at both the gene and SNP-level of TET2 was found to be associated with levels of HIV viral load (HIV-VL) consistently in the two cohorts that recruited antiretroviral-naïve participants. The SNPs occurred in two clusters of high linkage disequilibrium (LD), one associated with high HIV-VL and the other low HIV-VL, and were predominantly found in Black participants.

Conclusion:
Genetic variation in TET2 was associated with HIV-VL in two large antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive clinical trial cohorts. The role of TET2 in HIV-pathogenesis warrants further investigation.