bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and Metabolism of Sucrose in Cut Roses1
Authors: Kaltaler R. E.L. , Steponkus Peter L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When placed in either the modified Cornell Solution (2% sucrose + 200 mg/1 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate) or distilled water, levels of l4C-labelled compounds in Rosa hybrida “Red American Beauty” flowers increased linearly. Girdling the stems decreased accumulation of 14C in the petal tissue by only 25%. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars in petal tissues with only minor amounts of sucrose. Addition of sucrose to the preservative solution increased the levels of glucose and fructose but had little affect on the sucrose content. The data indicate that inferences of sugar accumulation in petals cannot be made from data on xylem conductivity.
Processing Studies With Eggplant1
Authors: Constantin Roysell J. , Fontenot James E. , Barrios Earl P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Processing studies during 3 years showed that an acceptable canned product could be produced from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The main problem encountered was fruit discoloration that occurred during peeling and upon exposure to air after slicing.
Eggplant fruit can be lye peeled, then sliced or diced. Blanching in boiling water or 1% citric acid was necessary to prevent development of brownish discoloration, and also to reduce bitter and astringent components. Green fruited cultivars discolored less than purple pigmented cultivars, thus producing a lighter colored, more desirable canned product. Blanching did not significantly soften the canned product. The product was soft, but held its shape and could be substituted for boiled eggplant in receipes. Once opened, canned eggplant discolored upon standing, but the reaction could be reversed by the addition of citric acid suggesting that discoloration could be controlled by lowering pH of the product.
The Leaf Roll-Necrosis Disorder of Lilacs: Etiological Role of Urban-Generated Air Pollutants1
Authors: Hibben Craig R. , Poole Taylor Margery 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The leaf roll-necrosis disorder has been identified in collections of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) in or near the cities of New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. Observed symptom differences among lilacs at 6 sites were largely quantitative, indicating the occurrence of incitants common to all locations. Activated charcoal and 4,4’-dioctyldiphenylamine filter chambers applied to branches reduced injury and provided corroborating evidence that air pollutants, including oxidant-type, were causal factors. Monitoring data from New York City and Philadelphia revealed progressively decreasing pollutant levels in recent years that coincided with decreases in severity of the disorder. Fluoride was not a causal agent, based on low levels in leaves. In experimental fumigations of lilac clones, although the results were inconclusive regarding identification of causal pollutants, ozone and sulfur dioxide induced some symptoms of the disorder. The occurrence of additional field symptoms suggested the involvement of other, as yet unidentified, phytotoxic pollutants.
Morphology of the American Holly Shoot and Inflorescence1
Authors: Milbocker Daniel C. , Richard Craig 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Morphological examination of the vegetative bud of American holly, Ilex opaca Ait., shows it to consist of an apical meristem surrounded by leaf primordia and these in turn by fleshy cataphyls (bud scales). With expansion of the bud into a shoot, flower buds are initiated in the axils of cataphyls and a few leaf primordia. When flowers are not initiated in the leaf axils, vegetative buds develop therein and in the terminal of the shoot. The male inflorescence is a cyme with 3 flowers and the female inflorescence a solitary flower. Both staminate and pistillate flowers normally have 4 sepal points, 4 petals, 4 anthers and 4 carpels though 5 and 6 of each are frequently observed in individual flowers. Pistillate flowers bear no pollen and staminate flowers have only a rudimentary pistil. The trimerous primordium, though variously shaped, is the origin of leaves, cataphyls, resting vegetative buds, bracts, the calyx, and the inflorescence. Differentiation into leaves or cataphyls and inflorescences or resting vegetative buds appeared to be controlled by the physiological condition of the plant at the time of differentiation.
Spur Type Growth Habit in 60 Apple Progenies1,2
Authors: Lapins K. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growth habit at bearing age was studied in 60 progenies of apple, Malus pumila Mill. One progeny, ‘Golden Delicious’ × ‘McIntosh Wijcik’, segregated into 2 distinct growth types, spur-type (compact) and non-spur (standard) at an approximate 1:1 ratio. In the other 59 progenies there was a continuous variation from trees with no or few spurs to trees with many spurs. Trees were classified into 5 arbitrary “spurriness” classes, mainly based on the ratio of spurs to vegetative shoots. Average spurriness of a progeny generally increased with that of its parents. Spur-type mutants of standard cultivars when used as both parents increased the degree of spurriness slightly, but less than expected. Certain progenies had 30 to 56% trees comparable in spurriness to the spur-types of commercial apple cultivars. Among parents inducing spurriness in the progeny, ‘Melba’ was outstanding.
THE EFFECTS OF SHOE SUITABILITY ON PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Authors: EROL ÇELİK Seher , BEK Nilgün , ÖZCEBE Hilal , KOCAMAN Hikmet 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the characteristics of the shoes used by the children have an effect on the dynamic and static plantar pressure distribution parameters and balance parameters in hearing impaired children, and to compare the results with those of nonhearing- impaired children.
Methods: The study included 136 children, 68 children with hearing impairment and 68 children without hearing impairment. The Footwear Assessment Score (FAS) was applied to evaluate children's footwear. Flamingo Balance Test (FBT) was used to evaluate the static balance of the children, and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) was used to evaluate the dynamic balance of the children. Static and dynamic plantar pressure distribution measurements of the children were carried out with a sensored walking platform (Footscan® pedobarography system (RsScan-FootScan lab ltd., Ipswich, England)).
Results: In hearing impaired children, a positive relationship was found between FAS and dominant foot total percentage of pressure values. In children without hearing impairment, there was a negative relationship between FAS and dominant hindfoot pressure, and a positive relationship between FAS and anterior non-dominant foot pressure (p0.05).
Conclusions: The increase in static loading with the footwear suitability on the dominant foot in hearing impaired children may be an indication that children with balance problems load more on the dominant foot in order to feel safer.
Rainfall dynamics observed over India during last century (1901–2020) using innovative trend methodology
Authors: Chauhan Abhilash Singh , Maurya Rajesh Kumar Singh , Rani Alka , Malik Anurag , Kisi Ozgur , Danodia Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the spatio-temporal distribution and trends of seasonal rainfall for different meteorological sub-divisions (MSDs) of India using statistical analysis and the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The gridded dataset of daily rainfall for 120 years from 1901 to 2020 was obtained from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and analysed using statistical results of mean rainfall, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, maximum seasonal rainfall, percent deviation of rainfall, number of rainy days, rainfall intensity, rainfall categorization, trend detection, and cross-correlation coefficients. The period was divided into three quad-decadal times (QDT) of 40 years each (i.e., 1901–1940: QDT1, 1941–1980: QDT2, and 1981–2020: QDT3). A general decrease in the number of rainfall events was observed in all the seasons except for a few MSDs of northwest India showing a rise throughout the pre-monsoon season in recent times (QDT3). Significant trends were detected using the ITA method in seasonal rainfall in nearly all the MSDs of India. Our findings are highlighting the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of seasonal rainfall dynamics at the MSDs level which will be useful for comprehending the rainfall dynamics as impacted by climate change and climate variability in India, and may further lead the policymakers and stakeholders for making the best use of available water resources.
Anticholinesterase Agents For Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: An Updated
Overview
Authors: Llanes Luana C. , Kuehlewein Isabelle , França Igor V. de , da Silva Luana Veiga , da Cruz Junior José W. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease
that compromises the cognitive system and causes dementia. In general, AD affects
people over 65 years old, which implies a social impact if we consider future projections
due to the increase in life expectancy. The drugs currently marketed only slow the progression
of the disease. In this sense, the search for new drugs is a relevant topic in
medicinal chemistry. The therapeutic strategy adopted herein is the cholinergic hypothesis,
for which acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitors constitute the main treatment
for the disease.

Objective:
This review compiles research in synthetic and natural compounds with
AChE inhibitory function.

Methods:
Data were collected based on investigations of AChE inhibitors in the last 5
years of the 2010 decade. Synthetic and natural compounds were investigated, for which
Ligand Based Drug Design (LBDD) and Structure Based Drug Design (SBDD) strategies
were performed to better understand the structure-activity relationship of promising
therapeutic agents.

Results:
Prediction of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties used to calculate
the bioavailability radar, lipophilicity, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetics parameters
(SwissADME) indicated that most active compounds are associated with the following
characteristics: molecular weight above 377 g/mol; molar refractivity over 114; fraction
Csp3 below 0.39 and TPSA above 43 Å2. The most active compounds had a lipophilicity
parameter in the range between 2.5 and 4.52, a predominating lipophilic character.
Atoms and bonds/interactions relevant for drug development were also investigated and
the data pointed out the following tendencies: number of heavy atoms between 16 and
41; number of aromatic heavy atoms between 6 and 22; number of rotatable bonds between
1 and 14; number of H-bond acceptors between 1 and 11; number of H-bond
donors below 7. Molecular docking studies indicated that all compounds had higher Goldscores
than the drugs used as a positive control, indicating a stronger interaction with the
enzyme.

Conclusion:
the selected compounds represent a potential for new anticholinesterase
drugs and may be good starting-point for the development of new candidates. Also, design
rules can be extracted from our analysis.
Immuno-informatic Prediction of B and T cell Epitopes of Cysteine Protease Allergen from Phaseolus vulgaris with Cross-reactive Potential and Population Coverage
Authors: Arora Naveen , Sharma Akansha , Vashisht Srishti , Gaur Shailendra Nath , Batra Janendra K. 
Published: August 2022

Background:In-silico mapping of epitopes by immune-informatics has simplified the efforts towards understanding antigen-antibody interactions. The knowledge of allergen epitopes may help in advancing the diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases.Objective:This study was intended to identify B and T cell epitopes of cysteine protease allergen of Phaseolus vulgaris.Methods:Modeller 9v20 software was used for the generation of three-dimensional model of cysteine protease and quality assessment was performed using SAVES webserver and other in silico software. Linear and conformational B and T cell epitopes were predicted via immuno-informatics based computational servers. Epitopes were synthesized and their immunoreactivity was analyzed using specific IgE ELISA with food allergy positive patient’s sera. Cellular immune response of peptides was determined through basophil activation assay. Consurf and SDAP (property distance) were used to examine the evolutionary conservancy and potential cross-reactivity of predicted epitopes. MSA based positional conservancy between HDM allergen epitopes and predicted peptides was also established using IEDB epitope database. Finally, population coverage for each promiscuous T cell epitope was predicted using IEDB population coverage analysis tool.Results:Cysteine protease structure was derived by homology modeling and combination of bioinformatic tools predicted three B- and three T-cell peptides by consensus method and validated computationally. ELISA with kidney bean sensitive patient’s sera showed higher IgE binding of B-cell peptides as compared to T-cell or control peptides. Epitope conservancy revealed B-cell epitopes being upto 95% conserved in comparison to variable T-cell epitopes (upto 69%). B-cell peptides were crossreactive with homologous allergens based on PD values. Structural comparison of cysteine protease with Der p 1 and Der f 1 showed similar epitopic regions, validating the prediction accuracy of epitopes. Promiscuous T-cell epitopes binding to broad-spectrum class-II MHC alleles demonstrated the distribution of T-cell peptides world-wide (30-98%) and in Asian population (99%).Conclusion:The current approach can be applied for identification of epitopes. Analysis of crossreactive and widely-distributed specific epitopes of allergen and knowledge about their interactive surfaces will help in understanding of food allergy and related immune responses.
Initiation of the Pharmacogenetics of Capecitabine in Morocco
Authors: Zouine Khalid , Abassi Meryem , Bouguenouch Laila , Mouhrach Ismail , Oussama Kettani , Abdellah Souleimani , Karim Ouldim , Nawfel Mellas 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The pharmacogenetics of anticancer drugs is of paramount importance in
minimizing their side effects and increasing their efficacy. When applied to capecitabine, the result is
that variation in patient responses has been largely linked to different genetic polymorphisms of
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which explained in many cases, the onset of toxicity of
this medication in patients. Failure of this enzyme is known to be responsible for a high incidence of
serious or fatal side effects. In this study conducted on Moroccan patients under treatment with capecitabine
at usual doses at the Fez University Hospital, the first in Africa and Morocco, we are looking
for the presence of four variants of the DPD gene (DPYD): T486A on exon 5 (rs666523971),
c.1679T> G (p.I560S; rs55886062; allele DPYD * 13) on exon 13, c.1905 + 1G> A (IVS14 + 1G>
A; rs3918290; allele DPYD * 2A) on the splice site near exon 14 and the c.2846A> T mutation
(p.D949V; rs67376798) on exon 22. We will therefore seek to establish the cause-and-effect relationship
between this toxicity and the presence of these variants in his patients, which will allow us
to avoid the dangerous prescription of capecitabine in patients carrying these polymorphisms.

Methods:
This prospective study is carried out at the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the CHU
Hassan II Fez and spread over a period of 3 years. Patient recruitment was carried out by the oncology
department of CHU Hassan II-Fès. All recruited patients are treated with capecitabine. A total of
64 patients were tested. Blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from each one of them after their consent,
and DNA was extracted. The study of these four polymorphisms was carried out by PCR
sequencing.

Results and Discussion:
We have studied 64 patients taking capecitabine. Their median age was 50,
and the mean age was 50 and 79, with extremes of 25 and 78 years. The sex ratio F / M was 0,60.
Different levels of toxicity have been developed in patients ranging from simple vomiting to IVdegree
hand and foot syndrome and second-degree neuropathy involving total discontinuation of
treatment.
These mutations were not found in the patients. Thus it would be interesting to enlarge the sample
size, look for these polymorphisms and others on other exons of the DPYD gene, and try to understand
the cause of this increased incidence of capecitabine toxicity in the Moroccan population.

Conclusion:
Capecitabine-based chemotherapy caused adverse effects with varying levels in its patients.
The SNPs on the DPYD gene sought were not found in this Moroccan sample. It is desirable
to screen more patients and to search for other SNPs to understand the toxicity of capecitabine in
relation to the DPYD gene. This will make it possible to adjust the dosage of this drug, increase its
effectiveness and minimize its toxicity.
New Explainable Deep CNN Design for Classifying Breast Tumor
Response Over Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Adoui Mohammed El , Drisis Stylianos , Benjelloun Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To reduce breast tumor size before surgery, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
(NAC) is applied systematically to patients with local breast cancer. However, with the existing
clinical protocols, it is not yet possible to have an early prediction of the effect of chemotherapy
on a breast tumor. Predicting the response to chemotherapy could reduce toxicity and delay effective
treatment. Computational analysis of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Images
(DCE-MRI) through Deep Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has proved a significant performance
in classifying responders and no responder’s patients. This study intends to present a
new explainable Deep Learning (DL) model predicting the breast cancer response to chemotherapy
based on multiple MRI inputs.

Methods and Material:
In this study, a cohort of 42 breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy
was used to train and validate the proposed DL model. This dataset was provided by the
Jules Bordet institute of radiology in Brussels, Belgium. 14 external subjects were used to validate
the DL model to classify responding or non-responding patients on temporal DCE-MRI volumes.
The model performance was assessed by the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic
Curve (AUC), accuracy, and features map visualization according to pathological complete response
(Ground truth).

Results:
The developed deep learning architecture was able to predict the responding breast tumors
to chemotherapy treatment in the external validation dataset with an AUC of 0.93 using parallel
learning MRI images acquired at different moments. The visual results showed that the most
important extracted features from non-responding tumors are in the peripheral and external tumor
regions. The model proposed in this study is more efficient compared to those proposed in the
literature.

Conclusion:
Even with a limited training dataset size, the developed multi-input CNN model using
DCE-MR images acquired before and following the first chemotherapy was able to predict
responding and non-responding tumors with higher accuracy. Thanks to the visualization of the
extracted characteristics by the DL model on the responding and non-responding tumors, the latter
could be used henceforth in clinical analysis after its evaluation based on more extra data.
Bourgeoning Cancer Targets
Authors: Kriplani Priyanka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Identifying cancer genomes has provided acuity into somatically altered genes athwart tu-mors, transformed our understanding of biology, and helped us design therapeutic strategies. Though the action of most cancer cells remains furtive yet many features of cancer surpass their genomes. Consequently, the characterization of tumor genome does not affect the treatment of many patients. Strategies to know the circuity and function of cancer genes provide corresponding methods to expli-cate both non-oncogene and oncogene deficiencies. The emerging techniques specify that the thera-peutic targets produced by non-oncogene deficiencies are much grander than the mutated genes. In the present review, a framework of the long-drawn-out list of cancer targets viz. synthetic lethal tar-gets, oncogene dependence, response to DNA damage, tumor suppressor rescue, metabolic suscepti-bility, protein-protein interaction, cell state or master regulators, targeting immune cells, fibroblasts, etc. giving innovative prospects for clinical translation, are discussed.
Tumor Organoid Model and Its Pharmacological Applications in
Tumorigenesis Prevention
Authors: Cao Xiaolei , Zheng Wenjie , Qiang Yuwei , Yao Ninghua , Zuo Fan , Qiu Shi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a leading cause of death and a severe threat to global public health. Organoid,
as a novel 3D in vitro model, has been applied in various tumor related studies due to its apparent
advantages. The organoid is mainly constructed by Matrigel-depended 3D culture system,
Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture, and Microfluidic culture or Organ-on-chips platform. For the
application in carcinogenesis studies, the organoid model may favor depicting initiative hallmarks
and identifying potential intervening targets, investigating driver genes of carcinogenesis,
and identifying known or unknown risk or protective factors.
In this review, we discussed different organoid construction methods and their properties. We also
noted that tumor organoids can portray initiative hallmarks and identify possible intervening
targets, as well as explore carcinogenesis driver genes and uncover known or unknown risks or
protective factors. Organoid systems have been used to identify tumor-preventive drugs such as
oligomeric proanthocyanidins, Vitamin D, n-3 PUFAs, and pomegranate. The current evidence
underscores the organoid model's potential importance in developing innovative tumorprevention
techniques.
A Review of Phytoconstituents as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Bisht Gunjan , Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Background bacteria cause various infectious diseases and cause millions of deaths each
year. Bacteria are broadly classified based on the phenotypic and genotypic systems. Bacteria cause
resistance mainly by Plasmids, Inactivation of antibiotics, Target site modification, Preventing drug
uptake, Efflux pumps, and Biofilm. Plants have been used for thousands of years for their medicinal
properties to treat various diseases. Secondary metabolites like terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic compounds,
tannins, quinones, steroids, polyketides, aromatics, and peptides are plant-derived compounds
that possess antibacterial activity and decrease resistance by inhibition of biofilm formation,
Efflux pump [EP] inhibitors, attenuating bacterial virulence, and Immunomodulation activity. Phytoconstituents
synergism, combination therapy (Bio-enhancers), and herbal preparation benefit antibacterial
potential and decrease resistance.