bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACR-ABS-ASTRO Practice Parameter for Transperineal Permanent Brachytherapy of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bittner Nathan H.J. , Cox Brett W. , Davis Brian , King Martin , Lawton Colleen A.F. , Merrick Gregory S. , Orio Peter , Ouhib Zoubir , Rossi Peter , Showalter Timothy , Small William , Schechter Naomi R. 
Published: May 2022

Aim/Objectives/Background:
The American College of Radiology (ACR), American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) have jointly developed the following practice parameter for transperineal permanent brachytherapy of prostate cancer. Transperineal permanent brachytherapy of prostate cancer is the interstitial implantation of low-dose rate radioactive seeds into the prostate gland for the purpose of treating localized prostate cancer.

Methods:
This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website (https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters—Radiation Oncology of the Commission on Radiation Oncology, in collaboration with ABS and ASTRO.

Results:
This practice parameter provides a framework for the appropriate use of low-dose rate brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer either as monotherapy or as part of a treatment regimen combined with external-beam radiation therapy. The practice parameter defines the qualifications and responsibilities of all involved radiation oncology personnel, including the radiation oncologist, medical physicist, dosimetrist, radiation therapist, and nursing staff. Patient selection criteria and the utilization of supplemental therapies such as external-beam radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy are discussed. The logistics of the implant procedure, postimplant dosimetry assessment, and best practices with regard to safety and quality control are presented.

Conclusions:
Adherence to established standards can help to ensure that permanent prostate brachytherapy is delivered in a safe and efficacious manner.
Necessity of Temporal Artery Biopsy for Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ponich Brett , Hartley Rebecca , Lafreniere Ann-Sophie , Temple-Oberle Claire F. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is currently the gold standard procedure to diagnose giant cell arteritis. Despite low sensitivity, TAB is routinely performed even if a clinical diagnosis has already been made. The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of TAB for giant cell arteritis management.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review to identify studies that compared steroid treatment between TAB+ and TAB− patients. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until April 4, 2020. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed by two independent reviewers and conflicts resolved by consensus. Studies reporting TAB result and steroid treatment were included. Information pertaining to steroid treatment was compared between TAB+ and TAB− groups. Steroid duration was compared by grouping patients in a less than 6 month group, a 6–24 month group, and a more than 24 month group.

Results:
An estimated 5288 abstracts were screened and 13 studies involving 1355 patients were included. Rate of prebiopsy steroid treatment was higher in TAB+ patients compared with TAB− patients [93% versus 63% (P < 0.001)]. The TAB+ group was more likely to be started on steroids prebiopsy [28% versus 8% (P < 0.001)]. TAB+ and TAB− patients had similar steroid duration for all groups [<6-month group 17% versus 19% (P-0.596), the 6-24-month group 16% versus 19% (P-0.596), and the >24-month group 66% versus 63% (P-0.642)].

Conclusion:
TAB results have minimal impact on treatment, and the utility should be reconsidered when a clinical diagnosis of giant cell arteritis is possible.
Creating a Spaced Repetition Model to Supplement Education in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Koenig Zachary A. , Henderson Joshua T. , Brooke Sebastian M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Plastic surgery encompasses a wide spectrum of material involving comprehensive anatomy, physiology, microbiology, biomaterials, complex surgical techniques, and many nonsurgical interventions. The core disciplines overlap extensively with the foundational knowledge of many other surgical specialties. With the ever-expanding knowledge base required to become a competent plastic surgeon, spaced repetition is a means to optimize learning in plastic surgery and help trainees master new concepts while retaining other facts that are easily forgotten. Platforms for spaced repetition are user-friendly and can be synchronized between devices to streamline progress and make efficient use of the limited free time that exists throughout the workday. Flashcard decks can be imported to these platforms to follow a spaced repetition algorithm. Currently, no publicly available comprehensive deck exists for education in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Creation of flashcard decks covering lectures, textbooks, or old examination questions can reinforce the foundational concepts of our field. Additionally, there is potential to improve resident performance on the Plastic Surgery In-service Training Examination. Once created, this comprehensive flashcard deck can be distributed to plastic surgery residency programs to pave the way for a uniform curriculum.
Staged Surgical Correction of Severe Panfacial and Transverse Nasal Root Asymmetry in Unicoronal Synostosis
Authors: Witherow Helen , Pepper Tom , Naini Farhad B. 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Nasal asymmetry is widely acknowledged to be one of the most difficult deformities to manage. Most reports in the literature pertain to corrective methods in relation to isolated deformity of the dorsum in the posttraumatic patient. There is a paucity of literature relating to management of nasal radix asymmetry, and still less in the context of severe panfacial asymmetry.
IDAC-Bio, A Software for Internal Dosimetry Based on the New ICRP Biokinetic Models and Specific Absorbed Fractions
Authors: Andersson Martin , Leggett Richard W. , Eckerman Keith , Almén Anja , Mattsson Sören 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Radiation dosimetry is central to virtually all radiation safety applications, optimization, and research. It relates to various individuals and population groups and to miscellaneous exposure situations—including planned, existing, and emergency situations. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed a new computational framework for internal dose estimations. Important components are more detailed and improved anatomical models and more realistic biokinetic models than before. The ICRP is currently producing new organ dose and effective dose coefficients for occupational intakes of radionuclides (OIR) and environmental intakes of radionuclides (EIR), which supersede the earlier dose coefficients in Publication 68 and the Publication 72 series, respectively. However, the ICRP only publishes dose coefficients for a single acute intake of a radionuclide and for an integration period of 50 years for intake by adults and to age 70 years for intakes by pre-adults. The new software, IDAC-Bio, performs committed absorbed dose and effective dose calculations for a selectable intake scenario, e.g., for a continuous intake or an intake during x hours per day and y days per week, and for any selected integration time. The software uses the primary data and models of the ICRP biokinetic models and numerically solves the biokinetic model and calculates the absorbed doses to organs and tissues in the ICRP reference human phantoms. The software calculates absorbed dose using the nuclear decay data in ICRP publication 107. IDAC-Bio is a further development and an important addition to the internal dosimetry program IDAC-Dose2.1. The results generated by the software were validated against published ICRP dose coefficients. The potential of the software is illustrated by dose calculations for a nuclear power plant worker who had been exposed to varying levels of 60Co and who had undergone repeated whole-body measurements, and for a hypothetical member of the public subject to future releases of 148Gd from neutron spallation in tungsten at the European Spallation Source.
A Case of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia With Neuronal Intermediate Filament IgG Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Merati Melody , Rucker Janet C. , McKeon Andrew , Frucht Steven J. , Hu Jessica , Balcer Laura J. , Galetta Steven L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
A 62-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and malaise. He was diagnosed with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, confirmed by serum polymerase chain reaction, and started on oral doxycycline. After 5 days of treatment, the patient began to experience gait imbalance with frequent falls, as well as myoclonus, and confusion. Examination was notable for opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) and hypometric saccades. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoimmune encephalitis panel demonstrated a markedly elevated neuronal intermediate filament (NIF) immunoglobulin G antibody titer of 1:16, with positive neurofilament light- and heavy-chain antibodies. These antibodies were suspected to have been triggered by the Anaplasma infection. Repeat CSF examination 8 days later still showed a positive immunofluorescence assay for NIF antibodies, but the CSF titer was now less than 1:2. Body computed tomography imaging was unrevealing for an underlying cancer. Our patient illustrates a postinfectious mechanism for OMA and saccadic hypometria after Anaplasma infection.
Quercitrin improved cognitive impairment through inhibiting inflammation induced by microglia in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Wang Lixin , Sun Jinxia , Miao Zhulei , Jiang Xin , Zheng Yuejuan , Yang Guizhen 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Diets rich in quercitrin show a neuroprotective effect, but the mechanism is not very clear at present. The objective of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of quercitrin in the treatment of alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods
5XFAD transgenic mice were fed with a diet supplemented with quercitrin for three consecutive months. Behavioral experiments were conducted to assess the cognitive ability, luminex liquid chip technology was used to assess the production of proinflammatory cytokines and immunohistochemistry was used to elucidate the activation of microglia.

Results
Quercitrin increased the frequency in exploring new objects, shortened the escape latency and increased the frequency crossing the platform in AD model mice. Quercitrin inhibited the activation and proliferation of microglia, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and reduced the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques in AD model mice.

Conclusion
Quercitrin improved mice cognitive impairment through alleviating the intensity of inflammatory response and is a promising medicinal plant extract in the treatment of AD.
The activated synaptic terminals beyond the light illumination range affect the results of optogenetics
Authors: Ji Xuying , Liu Wenhui , Xiao Haoran , Xiao Zhongju 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Optogenetics is widely applied to study complex brain networks. However, recent studies have found that light alone can produce effects that are unrelated to optogenetics, and it is still unclear whether this can affect the results of optogenetic experiments.

Methods
We explored the characteristics of projection of interneurons to excitatory neurons in the auditory cortex with optogenetics, transgenic mice and patch-clamp recording.

Results
We discovered that postsynaptic responses can be induced when we stimulated a blank area adjacent to the edge of brain slice. Similar results can be observed after blocking the polysynaptic responses by drugs. Together with the results of control experiments, we found that the false response is caused by activating the synaptic terminals beyond the range of the blue light (470 nm). Also, there was a linear relationship between the response and the stimulus distance for all data, which suggested that these false responses may be related to other factors, such as light scattering.

Conclusions
The LED-light-evoked response cannot reflect microcircuit of the recorded neuron and the activated neurons within the illumination range accurately. Together, these results confirm that light alone can affect neural activity, but this can be unrelated to the genuine ‘optogenetic effect’.
Loss of GBA in zebrafish leads to dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but overexpression of α-synuclein does not further worsen degeneration
Authors: Kodera Kazuki , Matsui Noriko , Saitoh Akihiko , Matsui Hideaki 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the loss of dopaminergic nerves and is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies, which are mainly composed of α-synuclein. Glucosylceramidase beta (GBA), which is a causative gene of autosomal recessive Gaucher disease, is also known to be a risk gene for Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we tried to detect synergistic effects of α-synuclein accumulation and gba depletion on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in zebrafish.

Methods
We generated a transgenic line of zebrafish overexpressing the A53T α-synuclein and gba mutant fish, and analyzed pathologies of α-synuclein aggregation and neurodegeneration.

Results
Zebrafish overexpressing the A53T α-synuclein did not exhibit α-synuclein aggregate formation. After the loss of gba function in this mutant α-synuclein transgenic line, we observed the marked presence of α-synuclein aggregates. Loss of gba function in zebrafish resulted in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurodegeneration but this level of neurodegeneration was not exacerbated by overexpression of mutant α-synuclein.

Conclusions
These results indicate that loss of gba function was sufficient to generate a neurodegenerative phenotype in zebrafish regardless of the expression of α-synuclein.
Biologic vs Synthetic Mesh for Parastomal Hernia Repair: Post Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miller Benjamin T , Krpata David M , Petro Clayton C , Beffa Lucas R A , Carbonell Alfredo M , Warren Jeremy A , Poulose Benjamin K , Tu Chao , Prabhu Ajita S , Rosen Michael J 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Parastomal hernias are often repaired with mesh to reduce recurrences, but the presence of an ostomy increases the wound class from clean to clean-contaminated/contaminated and makes the choice of mesh more controversial than in a strictly clean case. We aimed to compare the outcomes of biologic and synthetic mesh for parastomal hernia repair.

STUDY DESIGN:
This is a post hoc analysis of parastomal hernia repairs in a randomized trial comparing biologic and synthetic mesh in contaminated ventral hernia repairs. Outcomes included rates of surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI), reoperations, stoma/mesh-related adverse events, parastomal hernia recurrence rates (clinical, patient-reported, and radiographic) at 2 years, quality of life (EQ-5D, EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale, and Hernia-Related Quality of Life Survey), and hospital costs up to 30 days.

RESULTS:
A total of 108 patients underwent parastomal hernia repair (57 biologic [53%] and 51 synthetic [47%]). Demographic and hernia characteristics were similar between the two groups. No significant differences in SSOPI rates or reoperations were observed between mesh types. Four mesh erosions into an ostomy requiring reoperations (2 biologic vs 2 synthetic) occurred. At 2 years, parastomal hernia recurrence rates were similar for biologic and synthetic mesh (17 [29.8%] vs 13 [25.5%], respectively; p = .77). Overall and hernia-related quality of life improved from baseline and were similar between the two groups at 2 years. Median total hospital cost and median mesh cost were higher for biologic compared with synthetic mesh.

CONCLUSION:
Biologic and synthetic mesh have similar wound morbidity, reoperations, 2-year hernia recurrence rates, and quality of life in parastomal hernia repairs. Cost should be considered in mesh choice for parastomal hernia repairs.
Synergistic protection against secondary pneumococcal infection by human monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes
Authors: Gingerich Aaron D. , Royer Fredejah , McCormick Anna L. , Scasny Anna , Vidal Jorge E. , Mousa Jarrod J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae persists as a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite the widespread use of polysaccharide-based vaccines. The limited serotype coverage of current vaccines has led to increased incidence of non-vaccine serotypes, as well as an increase in antibiotic resistance among these serotypes. Pneumococcal infection often follows a primary viral infection such as influenza virus, which hinders host defense and results in bacterial spread to the lungs. We previously isolated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the conserved surface antigen pneumococcal histidine triad protein D (PhtD), and we demonstrated that mAbs to this antigen are protective against lethal pneumococcal challenge prophylactically and therapeutically. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of protection of a protective anti- pneumococcal human mAb, PhtD3, which is mediated by the presence of complement and macrophages in a mouse model of pneumococcal infection. Treatment with mAb PhtD3 reduced blood and lung bacterial burden in mice, and mAb PhtD3 is able to bind to bacteria in the presence of the capsular polysaccharide, indicating exposure of surface PhtD on encapsulated bacteria. In a mouse model of secondary pneumococcal infection, protection mediated by mAb PhtD3 and another mAb targeting a different epitope, PhtD7, was reduced, however, robust protection was restored by combining mAb PhtD3 with mAb PhtD7, indicating a synergistic effect. Overall, these studies provide new insights into anti-pneumococcal mAb protection and demonstrate for the first time that mAbs to pneumococcal surface proteins can protect against secondary pneumococcal infection in the mouse model.Author SummaryThe persistence of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite numerous approved pneumococcal vaccines is a serious threat to public health globally. Currently, prophylactic and therapeutic options for Streptococcus pneumoniae are constrained by the limited serotype coverage of vaccines and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. An additional hurdle to overcome is the incidence of secondary pneumococcal infection following a viral infection, which leads to increased mortality. Here, we determined the mechanism of action of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that mAb PhtD3 operates through macrophage and complement mediated functions. mAb PhtD3 was also discovered to reduce bacterial titers in the lungs and blood and bind to a related antigen PhtE. We also tested additional mAbs and discovered that two unique mAbs to the antigen PhtD conferred protection in a pneumococcal-influenza virus co-infection model. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of mAbs targeting conserved proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Effectiveness of the neutralizing antibody sotrovimab among high-risk patients with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 in Qatar
Authors: Zaqout Ahmed , Almaslamani Muna A. , Chemaitelly Hiam , Hashim Samar A. , Ittaman Ajithkumar , Alimam Abeir , Rustom Fatma , Daghfal Joanne , Abukhattab Mohammed , AlMukdad Sawsan , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Butt Adeel A. , Bertollini Roberto , Al-Khal Abdullatif , Omrani Ali S. , Abu-Raddad Laith J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEffectiveness of sotrovimab against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 was investigated in Qatar using a case-control study design at a time when BA.2 Omicron subvariant dominated incidence. Adjusted odds ratio of progression to severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19, comparing those sotrovimab-treated to those untreated, was 2.67-fold higher (95% CI: 0.60-11.91).
Inducible lncRNA transgenic mice reveal continual role of HOTAIR in promoting breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Ma Qing , Yang Liuyi , Tolentino Karen , Zhao Yang , Lizenburger Ulrike M , Shi Quanming , Zhu Lin , Tsai Miao-Chih , Chen Jun-An , Lai Ian , Zeng Hong , Li Lingjie , Chang Howard Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHOTAIR is a 2.2 kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) whose dysregulation has been linked to oncogenesis, defects in pattern formation during early development, and irregularities during the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the oncogenic transformation determined by HOTAIR in vivo and its impact on chromatin dynamics are incompletely understood. Here we generate a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible expression of human HOTAIR in the context of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer-prone background to systematically interrogate the cellular mechanisms by which human HOTAIR lncRNA acts to promote breast cancer progression. We show that sustained high levels of HOTAIR over time increased breast metastatic capacity and invasiveness in breast cancer cells, promoting migration and subsequent metastasis to the lung. Subsequent withdrawal of HOTAIR overexpression reverted the metastatic phenotype, indicating oncogenic lncRNA addiction. Furthermore, HOTAIR overexpression altered both the cellular transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of multiple metastasis-associated genes and promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These alterations are abrogated within several cell cycles after HOTAIR expression is reverted to basal levels, indicating an erasable lncRNA-associated epigenetic memory. These results suggest that a continual role for HOTAIR in programming a metastatic gene regulatory program. Targeting HOTAIR lncRNA may potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate breast cancer progression.