bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light People: Academician Songlin Zhuang
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Cun , Guo Naifei 
Published: April 2022

EditorialCan you imagine that one single small capsule can achieve navigation and positioning, and do gastroscopy of the digestive system? Can you imagine that a machine can automatically complete the task of analyzing more than 4800 new coronavirus samples within 24 h? Don’t be surprised, this has become a reality, thanks to Academician Songlin Zhuang and his team, who applied terahertz technology to various fields such as medicine, food safety, ecological environment monitoring, and social security. Dedicating his entire life to optics and terahertz, Academician Zhuang personifies courage, determination and persistence. He believes in science and hard work. He also takes it as his responsibility to pass on the optical spirit and cultivate optical young scientists.Today, Light Special Correspondents will take you to the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology to see the beginning and experience of Academician Songlin Zhuang’s optical road. I believe it will open a window to a different optical world, and allow our readers to appreciate its unique beauty.
Photonics bridges between turbulence and spin glass phenomena in the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics
Authors: Gomes A. S. L. , de Araújo C. B. , Macêdo A. M. S. , González I. R. R. , de S. Menezes L. , Pincheira P. I. R. , Kashyap R. , Vasconcelos G. L. , Raposo E. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA photonic connection between turbulence and spin glasses has been recently established both theoretically and experimentally using a random fiber laser as a photonic platform. Besides unveiling this interplay, it links the works of two 2021 Nobel laureates in Physics.
The NHS England 100,000 Genomes Project: feasibility and utility of centralised genome sequencing for children with cancer
Authors: Trotman Jamie , Armstrong Ruth , Firth Helen , Trayers Claire , Watkins James , Allinson Kieren , Jacques Thomas S. , Nicholson James C. , Burke G. A. Amos ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P. , Bevers R. , Bleda M. , Boardman-Pretty F. , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H. , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Fowler T. , Giess A. , Hamblin A. , Henderson S. , Hubbard T. J. P. , Jackson R. , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D. , Kayikci M. , Kousathanas A. , Lahnstein L. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F. , McEntagart M. , Minneci F. , Moutsianas L. , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N. , Need A. C. , O‘Donovan P. , Odhams C. A. , Patch C. , Perez-Gil D. , Pereira M. B. , Pullinger J. , Rahim T. , Rendon A. , Rogers T. , Savage K. , Sawant K. , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A. , Sieghart A. , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A. , Stuckey A. , Tanguy M. , Taylor Tavares A. L. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tucci A. , Welland M. J. , Williams E. , Witkowska K. , Wood S. M. , Behjati Sam , Murray Matthew J. , Hook Catherine E. , Tarpey Patrick 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of cancers is becoming an accepted component of oncological care, and NHS England is currently rolling out WGS for all children with cancer. This approach was piloted during the 100,000 genomes (100 K) project. Here we share the experience of the East of England Genomic Medicine Centre (East-GMC), reporting the feasibility and clinical utility of centralised WGS for individual children locally.

Methods
Non-consecutive children with solid tumours were recruited into the pilot 100 K project at our Genomic Medicine Centre. Variant catalogues were returned for local scrutiny and appraisal at dedicated genomic tumour advisory boards with an emphasis on a detailed exploration of potential clinical value.

Results
Thirty-six children, representing one-sixth of the national 100 K cohort, were recruited through our Genomic Medicine Centre. The diagnoses encompassed 23 different solid tumour types and WGS provided clinical utility, beyond standard-of-care assays, by refining (2/36) or changing (4/36) diagnoses, providing prognostic information (8/36), defining pathogenic germline mutations (1/36) or revealing novel therapeutic opportunities (8/36).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and clinical value of centralised WGS for children with cancer. WGS offered additional clinical value, especially in diagnostic terms. However, our experience highlights the need for local expertise in scrutinising and clinically interpreting centrally derived variant calls for individual children.
LncRNA XIST accelerates burn wound healing by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through targeting IL-33 via miR-19b
Authors: Pi Li , Fang Bairong , Meng Xianxi , Qian Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBurn injuries are a serious threat to quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of burn wound healing. The lncRNA XIST has been associated with burn wound healing, but the mechanism is not clear. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo models of burn injuries were established by thermal injury treatment of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and mice, respectively. Pathological changes in skin tissues were detected by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence double staining was performed to detect M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration by CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratch and Transwell assays to evaluate the effect of XIST on burn wound healing. The binding relationships among XIST, miR-19b and IL-33 were analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays. Our results found that there were targeted binding sites between XIST and miR-19b, miR-19b and IL-33. We investigated whether XIST enhanced the polarization of M2 macrophages to promote the healing of burn wounds. After fibroblast burn injury, the expression levels of XIST and IL-33 increased in a time-dependent manner, whereas miR-19b expression decreased in a time-dependent manner. XIST contributed to the proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts by inhibiting miR-19b and enhanced fibroblast extracellular matrix production by promoting the transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. In short, these findings indicate that XIST can promote burn wound healing and enhance the polarization of M2 macrophages by targeting the IL-33/miR-19b axis, which may serve as a potential theoretical basis for the treatment of burn wound healing.
HtrA2/Omi mitigates NAFLD in high-fat-fed mice by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and restoring autophagic flux
Authors: Zhou Wei , Deng Xueting , Zhu Xiaolei , Yan Qinhui , Zhou Nan , Du Susu , Li Xiaonan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver metabolic syndrome which affects millions of people worldwide. Recently, improving mitochondrial function and autophagic ability have been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. It has been previously described that high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi) favors mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in hepatocytes. Thus, we explored the effects of HtrA2/Omi on regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy during NAFLD development. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced hepatocytes steatosis in vitro were established. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in vivo and plasmid in vitro were used to restore HtrA2/Omi expression. In this study, we reported that HtrA2/Omi expression considerably decreased in liver tissues from the HFD-induced NAFLD model and in L02 cells with FFA-treated. However, restoring HtrA2/Omi ameliorated hepatic steatosis, confirming by improved serum lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, histopathological lipid accumulation, and the gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, HtrA2/Omi also attenuated HFD-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic blockage. TEM analysis revealed that liver mitochondrial structure and autophagosome formation were improved in hepatic HtrA2/Omi administration mice compared to HFD mice. And hepatic HtrA2/Omi overexpression enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation gene expression, elevated LC3II protein levels, induced LC3 puncta, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Furthermore, hepatic HtrA2/Omi increased respiratory exchange ratio and heat production in mice. Finally, HtrA2/Omi overexpression by plasmid significantly diminished lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagic inhibition in FFA-treated L02 hepatocytes. Taken together, we demonstrated that HtrA2/Omi was a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD via improving mitochondrial functions, as well as restoring autophagic flux.
Persistent half-metallic ferromagnetism in a (111)-oriented manganite superlattice
Authors: Cossu Fabrizio , Kim Heung-Sik , Sanyal Biplab , Di Marco Igor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe employ electronic structure calculations to show that a (111)-oriented (LaMnO3)12∣(SrMnO3)6 superlattice retains a half-metallic ferromagnetic character despite its large thickness. We link this behaviour to the strain and the octahedral connectivity between the layers. This also gives rise to breathing modes, which are coupled to charge and spin oscillations, whose components have a pure eg character. Most interestingly, the magnetisation reaches its maximum value inside the LaMnO3 region and not at the interface, which is fundamentally different from what observed for the (001) orientation. The inter-atomic exchange coupling shows that the magnetic order arises from the double-exchange mechanism, despite competing interactions inside the SrMnO3 region. Finally, the van Vleck distortions and the spin oscillations are crucially affected by the variation of Hund’s exchange and charge doping, which allows us to speculate that our system behaves as a Hund’s metal, creating an interesting connection between manganites and nickelates.
Predicting the lattice thermal conductivity of alloyed compounds from the perspective of configurational entropy
Authors: Li Mengke , Cao Guohua , Luo Yufeng , Sheng Caiyu , Liu Huijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate evaluation of lattice thermal conductivity is usually a tough task from the theoretical side, especially for alloyed systems with fractional stoichiometry. Using the tetradymite family as a prototypical class of examples, we propose a reliable approach for rapid prediction on the lattice thermal conductivity at arbitrary composition by utilizing the concept of configurational entropy. Instead of performing time-consuming first-principles calculations, the lattice thermal conductivities of any alloyed tetradymites can be readily obtained from a few samples with integer stoichiometry. The strong predictive power is demonstrated by good agreement between our results and those reported experimentally. In principle, such an effective method can be applicable to any other material families, which is very beneficial for high-throughput design of systems with desired thermal conductivity.
Enhanced pitting resistance of directed energy deposition 316L stainless steel by post-manufacturing heat treatment
Authors: Chen Junjie , Xiao Qian , Lee Hyeon Bae , Jeong Chaewon , Jang Kyungnam , Jang Changheui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of the post-manufacturing heat treatment (PMHT) on the pitting resistance of the directed energy deposition (DED) 316L stainless steel was evaluated. In an as-manufactured DED 316L, a fully austenitic microstructure with typical cellular structure and large columnar grains was observed. The cellular structure was retained after the PMHT of 850 °C/2 h but fully removed by the PMHT of 1150 °C/1 h, while large columnar grains survived in both cases. Both PHMTs significantly improved the pitting resistance of the DED 316L. Especially, the pitting potential of the DED 316L after the PMHT of 1150 °C/1 h was comparable to that of 2205 duplex stainless steel. The excellent pitting resistance of DED 316L after the PMHT of 1150 °C/1 h was caused by the reduction of residual stress, elimination of cellular structure, and presence of large columnar grains.
Longitudinal gut virome analysis identifies specific viral signatures that precede necrotizing enterocolitis onset in preterm infants
Authors: Kaelin Emily A. , Rodriguez Cynthia , Hall-Moore Carla , Hoffmann Julie A. , Linneman Laura A. , Ndao I. Malick , Warner Barbara B. , Tarr Phillip I. , Holtz Lori R. , Lim Efrem S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious consequence of preterm birth and is often associated with gut bacterial microbiome alterations. However, little is known about the development of the gut virome in preterm infants, or its role in NEC. Here, using metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the DNA gut virome of 9 preterm infants who developed NEC and 14 gestational age-matched preterm infants who did not. Infants were sampled longitudinally before NEC onset over the first 11 weeks of life. We observed substantial interindividual variation in the gut virome between unrelated preterm infants, while intraindividual variation over time was significantly less. We identified viral and bacterial signatures in the gut that preceded NEC onset. Specifically, we observed a convergence towards reduced viral beta diversity over the 10 d before NEC onset, which was driven by specific viral signatures and accompanied by specific viral-bacterial interactions. Our results indicate that bacterial and viral perturbations precede the sudden onset of NEC. These findings suggest that early life virome signatures in preterm infants may be implicated in NEC.
Ultrafast Doppler imaging and ultrasound localization microscopy reveal the complexity of vascular rearrangement in chronic spinal lesion
Authors: Beliard Benoit , Ahmanna Chaimae , Tiran Elodie , Kanté Kadia , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickael , Nothias Fatiha , Soares Sylvia , Pezet Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcute spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe damage to the microvascular network. The process of spontaneous repair is accompanied by formation of new blood vessels; their functionality, however, presumably very important for functional recovery, has never been clearly established, as most studies so far used fixed tissues. Here, combining ultrafast Doppler imaging and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) on the same animals, we proceeded at a detailed analysis of structural and functional vascular alterations associated with the establishment of chronic SCI, both at macroscopic and microscopic scales. Using a standardized animal model of SCI, our results demonstrate striking hemodynamic alterations in several subparts of the spinal cord: a reduced blood velocity in the lesion site, and an asymmetrical hypoperfusion caudal but not rostral to the lesion. In addition, the worsening of many evaluated parameters at later time points suggests that the neoformed vascular network is not yet fully operational, and reveals ULM as an efficient in vivo readout for spinal cord vascular alterations. Finally, we show statistical correlations between the diverse biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and SCI severity. The imaging modality developed here will allow evaluating recovery of vascular function over time in pre-clinical models of SCI. Also, used on SCI patients in combination with other quantitative markers of neural tissue damage, it may help classifying lesion severity and predict possible treatment outcomes in patients.
Documenting research software in engineering science
Authors: Hermann Sibylle , Fehr Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reuse of research software needs good documentation, however, the documentation in particular is often criticized. Especially in non-IT specific disciplines, the lack of documentation is attributed to the lack of training, the lack of time or missing rewards. This article addresses the hypothesis that scientists do document but do not know exactly what they need to document, why, and for whom. In order to evaluate the actual documentation practice of research software, we examined existing recommendations, and we evaluated their implementation in everyday practice using a concrete example from the engineering sciences and compared the findings with best practice examples. To get a broad overview of what documentation of research software entailed, we defined categories and used them to conduct the research. Our results show that the big picture of what documentation of research software means is missing. Recommendations do not consider the important role of researchers, who write research software, whose documentation takes mainly place in their research articles. Moreover, we show that research software always has a history that influences the documentation.
Effects of nanosized water droplet generation on number concentration measurement of virus aerosols when using an airblast atomizer
Authors: Massoudifarid Milad , Piri Amin , Hwang Jungho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment of efficient virus aerosol monitoring and removal devices requires aerosolization of the test virus using atomizers. The number concentration and size measurements of aerosolized virus particles are required to evaluate the performance of the devices. Although diffusion dryers can remove water droplets generated using atomizers, they often fail to remove them entirely from the air stream. Consequently, particle measurement devices, such as scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), can falsely identify the remaining nanosized water droplets as virus aerosol particles. This in turn affects the accuracy of the evaluation of devices for sampling or removing virus aerosol particles. In this study, a plaque-forming assay combined with SMPS measurement was used to evaluate sufficient drying conditions. We proposed an empirical equation to determine the total number concentration of aerosolized particles measured using the SMPS as a function of the carrier air flow rate and residence time of the particles in the diffusion dryers. The difference in the total number concentration of particles under sufficient and insufficient diffusion drying conditions was presented as a percentage of error.
A novel algorithm for cardiovascular screening using conjunctival microcirculatory parameters and blood biomarkers
Authors: Awuah Agnes , Moore Julie S. , Nesbit M. Andrew , Ruddock Mark W. , Brennan Paul F. , Mailey Jonathan A. , McNeil Andrew J. , Jing Min , Finlay Dewar D. , Trucco Emanuele , Kurth Mary Jo , Watt Joanne , Lamont John V. , Fitzgerald Peter , Spence Mark S. , McLaughlin James A. D. , Moore Tara C. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrovascular haemodynamic alterations are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The conjunctival microcirculation can easily be assessed non-invasively. However, the microcirculation of the conjunctiva has not been previously explored in clinical algorithms aimed at identifying patients with CAD. This case–control study involved 66 patients with post-myocardial infarction and 66 gender-matched healthy controls. Haemodynamic properties of the conjunctival microcirculation were assessed with a validated iPhone and slit lamp-based imaging tool. Haemodynamic properties were extracted with semi-automated software and compared between groups. Biomarkers implicated in the development of CAD were assessed in combination with conjunctival microcirculatory parameters. The conjunctival blood vessel parameters and biomarkers were used to derive an algorithm to aid in the screening of patients for CAD. Conjunctival blood velocity measured in combination with the blood biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adiponectin) had an area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.967, sensitivity 93.0%, specificity 91.5% for CAD. This study demonstrated that the novel algorithm which included a combination of conjunctival blood vessel haemodynamic properties, and blood-based biomarkers could be used as a potential screening tool for CAD and should be validated for potential utility in asymptomatic individuals.
Reading the Moody chart with a linear interpolation method
Authors: Huang Shuxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe error caused by pseudo-midpoint effect in the use of the Moody chart was analyzed. The pseudo-midpoint effect appears in the linear interpolation method usually used to read the Moody chart. The maximum of the error is about 4%, which is significantly lower than the 15% accuracy of the chart in the literature.
Twisted intramolecular charge transfer of nitroaromatic push–pull chromophores
Authors: Lee Sebok , Jen Myungsam , Jang Taehyung , Lee Gisang , Pang Yoonsoo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe structural changes during the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of nitroaromatic chromophores, 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrobiphenyl (DNBP) and 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene (DNS) were investigated by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) with both high spectral and temporal resolutions. The kinetically resolved Raman spectra of DNBP and DNS in the locally-excited and charge-transferred states of the S1 state appear distinct, especially in the skeletal vibrational modes of biphenyl and stilbene including ν8a and νC=C. The ν8a of two phenyls and the νC=C of the central ethylene group (only for stilbene), which are strongly coupled in the planar geometries, are broken with the twist of nitrophenyl group with the ICT. Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy measurements and the time-dependent density functional theory simulations support the ultrafast ICT dynamics of 220–480 fs with the twist of nitrophenyl group occurring in the S1 state of the nitroaromatic chromophores. While the ICT of DNBP occurs via a barrier-less pathway, the ICT coordinates of DNS are strongly coupled to several low-frequency out-of-phase deformation modes relevant to the twist of the nitrophenyl group.
In vivo dose–response analysis to acetylcholine: pharmacodynamic assessment by polarized reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Henricson Joakim , Sjöberg Folke , Iredahl Fredrik , Strömberg Tomas , Wilhelms Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransdermal iontophoresis offers an in vivo alternative to the strain-gauge model for measurement of vascular function but is limited due to lack of technical solutions for outcome assessment. The aims of this study were to, after measurement by polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS), use pharmacodynamic dose–response analysis on responses to different concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh); and to examine the effect of three consecutively administered iontophoretic current pulses. The vascular responses in 15 healthy volunteers to iontophorised ACh (5 concentrations, range 0.0001% to 1%, three consecutive pulses of 0.02 mA for 10 min each) were recorded using PRS. Data were fitted to a four-parameter logistic dose response model and compared. Vascular responses were quantifiable by PRS. Similar pharmacodynamic dose response curves could be generated irrespectively of the ACh concentration. Linearly increasing maximum vasodilatory responses were registered with increasing concentration of ACh. A limited linear dose effect of the concentration of ACh was seen between pulses. Polarized reflectance spectroscopy is well suited for measuring vascular responses to iontophoretically administrated ACh. The results of this study support further development of iontophoresis as a method to study vascular function and pharmacological responses in vivo.