bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of paraspinal muscle involvement in adults with McArdle disease
Authors: Álvarez‐Velasco Rodrigo , Nuñez‐Peralta Claudia Alejandra , Alonso‐Pérez Jorge , Gallardo Eduard , Collet‐Vidiella Roger , Reyes‐Leiva David , Pascual‐Goñi Elba , Martín‐Aguilar Lorena , Caballero‐Ávila Marta , Carbayo‐Viejo Álvaro , Llauger‐Roselló Jaume , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Olivé Montse 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsVery few studies analyzing the pattern of muscle involvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with McArdle disease have been reported to date. We aimed to examine the pattern of muscle fat replacement in patients with McArdle disease.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study including all patients with genetically confirmed McArdle disease followed in our center from January 2010 to March 2021. Clinical data were collected from the medical record. Whole‐body MRI was performed as part of the diagnostic evaluation. The distribution of muscle fat replacement and its severity were analyzed.ResultsNine patients were included. Median age at onset was 7 y (range, 5–58) and median age at the time when MRI was performed was 57.3 y (range, 37.2–72.8). At physical examination, four patients had permanent weakness: in three the weakness was limited to paraspinal muscles, whereas in one the weakness involved the paraspinal and proximal upper limb muscles. Muscle MRI showed abnormalities in six of the seven studied patients. In all of them, fat replacement of paravertebral muscles was found. Other muscles frequently affected were the tongue in three, subscapularis in three, and long head of biceps femoris and semimembranosus in two.DiscussionOur findings suggest that paraspinal muscle involvement is common in McArdle disease and support the need to include this disease in the differential diagnosis of the causes of paraspinal muscle weakness. Involvement of the tongue and subscapularis are also frequent in McArdle disease.
Psychological stress of emergency medical staff after the largest mass murder incident in post‐World War II era
Authors: Arai Hisatoshi , Inoue Katsuo , Takizawa Takeya , Yamaya Tatsuhiro , Asari Yasushi , Miyaoka Hitoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA mass‐casualty incident occurred on July 26, 2016, at Tsukui Yamayuri‐en, which is a welfare facility for people with intellectual disabilities. Nineteen residents with intellectual disabilities were killed, and 26 other residents and staff members were injured. Kitasato University Hospital Emergency and Disaster Medical Center treated many patients in serious condition at the site and in the hospital.AimsThe authors investigated the symptom severity and distributions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the emergency medical staff in charge.The subjects of this study were the staff members, mostly working at the Emergency and Disaster Medical Center, who treated the people injured in the incident.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey using Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) on 104 staff members, and 79 responded.ResultsThe IES‐R scores of nurses were significantly higher than those of doctors. There was no significant difference in the scores between male and female staff members, and there was no correlation between the score of each IES‐R subscale and age.ConclusionResults suggest that mental care should be provided to emergency medical staff, especially nurses who treat trauma patients involved in disasters and heinous crimes.
Local Structure Analysis and Modelling of Lignin‐Based Carbon Composites through the Hierarchical Decomposition of the Radial Distribution Function
Authors: Kizzire Dayton G. , García‐Negrón Valerie , Harper David P. , Keffer David J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbonized lignin has been proposed as a sustainable and domestic source of activated, amorphous, graphitic, and nanostructured carbon for many industrial applications as the structure can be tuned through processing conditions. However, the inherent variability of lignin and its complex physicochemical structure resulting from feedstock and pulping selection make the Process‐Structure‐Property‐Performance (PSPP) relationships hard to define. In this work, radial distribution functions (RDFs) from synchrotron X‐ray and neutron scattering of lignin‐based carbon composites (LBCCs) are investigated using the Hierarchical Decomposition of the Radial Distribution Function (HDRDF) modelling method to characterize the local atomic environment and develop quantitative PSPP relationships. PSPP relationships for LBCCs defined by this work include crystallite size dependence on lignin feedstock as well as increasing crystalline volume fraction, nanoscale composite density, and crystallite size with increasing reduction temperature.
Preparation and characterization of peroxide‐based dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer of poly (lactic acid)/chloroprene rubber
Authors: Shahroodi Zahra , Katbab Ali Asghar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) composed of crosslinked rubber phase with high chemical and thermal resistance have received great attention in pharmaceutical and biological applications. In the present work, attempts have been made to prepare TPVs based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chloroprene rubber (CR) via a melt mixing process in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and a combination of magnesium oxide (MgO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) as hydrochloric acid (HCl) scavenger to minimize CR degradation by DCP. A honeycomb co‐continuous micromorphology was observed for the fabricated TPVs samples through scanning electron microscopy, significantly different from the classical “sea‐island” micromorphology. However, the PLA/CR vulcanizates prepared by only DCP did not show enhanced mechanical properties due to the CR thermal decomposition by the DCP radicals. Therefore, a novel formulation was designed to prevent thermal decomposition of the CR phase during dynamic vulcanization by the incorporation of a combination of ESBO and MgO as efficient HCl scavenger. The stabilized TPV samples exhibited an intense brittle‐ductile transition effect and improved tensile mechanical. The obtained results implied the effectiveness of ESBO and MgO in stabilizing CR phase during peroxide dynamic vulcanization process.
Facile Synthesis of the Shape‐Persistent 4‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde Based Macrocycles and Exploration of their Key Electronic Properties: An Experimental and DFT Approach
Authors: Ali Mumtaz , Latif Abdul , Bibi Saeeda , Ali Sardar , Ali Akbar , Ahmad Manzoor , Ahmad Rashid , Khan Adnan Ali , Khan Ajmal , Ribeiro Alany Ingrid , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Farooq Umar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the current study, a series of stabilized bis‐acetylene incorporated 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde based macrocycles using the alkyne‐homocoupling approach were synthesized in moderate yields. A total of six newly stiff macrocycles were synthesized in a stepwise manner starting from 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the first step, base mediated propargylation was performed followed by copper mediated terminal alkyne homocoupling. The alkyne homocoupled substrate having carbonyl at both the terminals is cyclized in the final step via double imine formation reactions using substituted diamines as linker. All the newly synthesized rigid framework of the macrocycles were optimized at B3LYP/6‐31G (d,p) level of theory. Nonlinear optical behaviors of the synthesized macrocycles were explored by the DFT calculations where high values of first‐order hyperpolarizability and dipole moment were examined. In the reported study, a good agreement between experimental and theoretical parameters was observed that may play a significant contribution for the NLO applications.
A Novel Chemosensor for Selective Detection of L‐Arginine and L–Cysteine via Macroscopic Sol‐Gel Transition
Authors: Zali‐boeini Hassan , Khayat Zohreh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo develop chemosensors for biomolecule recognition, a multi stimuli responsive supramolecular gelator, [(E)‐4‐((4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde], comprised of azo and formyl units, was designed and synthesized from readily available starting materials. The gelator was found to be capable of forming gels in light alcohols and alcohol/water mixtures at low concentrations (0.7–1.5 g/100 mL). The gel rheological analyses showed the dominance of storage modulus (G′) values (ca 5000 Pa) within the range of analysis, confirming the gel stiffness. The xerogel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed a flake‐like pattern of thin sheets. Our investigations on the gelator sensing abilities revealed that, in addition to the photo‐responsive function due to the presence of azo moiety, its ethanol/water gel exhibited excellent ability to detect l‐arginine among 19 various amino acids, via gel to sol transition and colour change. Furthermore, the gelator could successfully recognize l‐cysteine among 19 amino acids, through macroscopic sol to gel transition and colour change of its alkaline methanolic solution. Moreover, the photo‐ and chemo‐responsive functions of the gelator were demonstrated as two combinational logic gates.
Recent Advances on Synthesis of Fused Chromeno‐Quinoline Heterocycles under Transition Metal‐Free Condition
Authors: Mal Sourav , Jana Manoranjan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong the various other organic compounds, the compounds having heterocyclic core are extensively circulated in nature and are often crucial for life. The concerned heterocyle may or may not be aromatic. They often show a variety of physiological, industrial and also theoretical significance. Quinoline derivatives are very popular anti‐biotics and benzopyran or chromenes is another important heterocyclic moiety found widely in naturally occurring plant products like fruits and vegetables. However, when chromene and quinoline are present in a molecule in fused form, a subclass of very important bio‐active chromene‐fused quinoline heterocycles is formed. This review covers recent reports on transition metal‐free synthesis of chromeno‐quinoline derivatives in short and hassle‐free reaction protocols.
Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide Gas by Modified Graphene: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Lu Yunhua , Xu Yanjie , Zhang Jun'an , Zhang Qingwei , Li Lei , Tian Jiangling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to an investigation on the carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing properties of pristine graphene (PG), vacancy defect graphene (VG), Stone‐Wales defect graphene (SWG), and Pd‐doped graphene (PdG), based on density functional theory. To do so, we first relax all the models sufficiently to select the appropriate adsorption configuration and the results show that CO2 molecule reacts weakly on PG and SWG, while strong interaction occurs on VG and PdG. Then, the response to the CO2 molecule of all the graphene‐based substrates, in terms of charge transfer, density of states and band structure are examined. To account for the effects of defects and doping on adsorption, we have made the evaluation, for different systems, while before and after adsorbing CO2 molecule. Our results demonstrate that vacancy defect and Pd doping can significantly enhance the response of graphene to CO2 molecule with the optimum adsorption energy of −1.76 eV and −4.63 eV, respectively, and thus indicate that VG and PdG may be used as CO2 sensing materials.
Thermal Self‐Protection Behavior of Energy Storage Devices Using a Thermally Responsive Smart Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Xue Pan , Ma Shaoshuai , Gu Yifan , Wang Yutian , Xu Xinhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the growth of high performance electronics, more consideration should be given to the safety issues associated with thermal runaway. Previous strategies have often been limited by shutdown efficiency and shutdown temperature. Here, we present a MXene supercapacitor loaded with a smart thermally responsive electrolyte to cope with thermal runaway at high temperatures. At room temperature, the ions in the electrolyte containing the poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (PNGM) can migrate freely and the devices can operate normally. The smart electrolyte system forms a hydrophobic network that effectively inhibits ion migration to achieve thermal shutdown at high temperatures. The electrolyte system exhibits different electrochemical properties during heating up, reaching nearly 90 % capacity suppression at 85 °C. The proposed smart electrolyte system provides a promising solution to the thermal safety suitable for current electronic devices by achieving a proactive protection strategy.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3’‐carbazole Oxindole Derivatives via Friedel‐Crafts Aminoalkylation Reaction
Authors: Muthusamy Subramaniam , Kumarswamyreddy Nandarapu , Kesavan Venkitasamy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganocatalytic Friedel‐Crafts aminoalkylation reaction is demonstrated in this study for the construction of biologically important hybrid molecular architectures of carbazole containing 3‐amino oxindoles using bifunctional cinchonidine derived thiourea organocatalyst. The Friedel‐Crafts functionalization of 4‐hydroxy carbazole with isatin derived ketimines well performed with a wide range of substrates resulted in excellent yields (up to 95 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) of the desired products. A minimal catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) was utilized at ambient temperatures under mild reaction conditions.
DNA‐Assisted Creation of a Library of Ultrasmall Multimetal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Confined in Silica
Authors: Azhati Arepati , Zhu Haiyin , Ouyang Tianwei , He Tianyao , Zeng Yifei , Wu Peng , Jiang Jingang , Peng Honggen , Che Shunai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSupported ultrasmall metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (UMNPs) with sizes in the range of 1–5 nm exhibit unique properties in sensing, catalysis, biomedicine, etc. However, the metal–support and metal–metal precursor interactions were not as well controlled to stabilize the metal nanoparticles on/in the supports. Herein, DNA is chosen as a template and a ligand for the silica‐supported UMNPs, taking full use of its binding ability to metal ions via either electrostatic or coordination interactions. UMNPs thus are highly dispersed in silica via self‐assembly of DNA and DNA–metal ion interactions with the assistance of a co‐structural directing agent (CSDA). A large number of metal ions are easily retained in the mesostructured DNA–silica materials, and their growth is controlled by the channels after calcination. Based on this directing concept, a material library, consisting of 50 mono‐ and 54 bicomponent UMNPs confined within silica and with narrow size distribution, is created. Theoretical calculation proves the indispensability of DNA with combination of several organics in the synthesis of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles. The Pt–silica and Pt/Ni–silica chosen from the library exhibit good catalytic performance for toluene combustion. This generalizable and straightforward synthesis strategy is expected to widen the corresponding applications of supported UMNPs.
Tuning Catalyst Activation and Utilization Via Controlled Electrode Patterning for Low‐Loading and High‐Efficiency Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Yu Shule , Li Kui , Wang Weitian , Xie Zhiqiang , Ding Lei , Kang Zhenye , Wrubel Jacob , Ma Zhiwen , Bender Guido , Yu Haoran , Baxter Jefferey , Cullen David A. , Keane Alex , Ayers Kathy , Capuano Christopher B. , Zhang Feng‐Yuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn anode electrode concept of thin catalyst‐coated liquid/gas diffusion layers (CCLGDLs), by integrating Ir catalysts with Ti thin tunable LGDLs with facile electroplating in proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs), is proposed. The CCLGDL design with only 0.08 mgIr cm−2 can achieve comparative cell performances to the conventional commercial electrode design, saving ≈97% Ir catalyst and augmenting a catalyst utilization to ≈24 times. CCLGDLs with regulated patterns enable insight into how pattern morphology impacts reaction kinetics and catalyst utilization in PEMECs. A specially designed two‐sided transparent reaction‐visible cell assists the in situ visualization of the PEM/electrode reaction interface for the first time. Oxygen gas is observed accumulating at the reaction interface, limiting the active area and increasing the cell impedances. It is demonstrated that mass transport in PEMECs can be modified by tuning CCLGDL patterns, thus improving the catalyst activation and utilization. The CCLGDL concept promises a future electrode design strategy with a simplified fabrication process and enhanced catalyst utilization. Furthermore, the CCLGDL concept also shows great potential in being a powerful tool for in situ reaction interface research in PEMECs and other energy conversion devices with solid polymer electrolytes.
Self‐healing of engineered cementitious composites under reversed and sustained loading conditions
Authors: Mahmoodi Sina , Sadeghian Pedram 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of reversed and sustained flexural loading cycles on the repeatability of self‐healing in engineered cementitious composites (ECC). The experimental work is designed to test three cases of normal (REF), reverse (REV), and reverse‐sustained (RES) loading and three different exposure conditions of tap water, sea water, and open air. A total of 27 prism specimens (100 × 100 × 350 mm) were fabricated, and a four‐point bending test was used for flexural load application at different stages and to further measure the recovery in mechanical properties. The research is proposed to elaborate on the positive/negative impact of compression cycle on the self‐healing of cracks. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test was carried out before and after each loading and the wave travel time was compared as an indicator of healing efficiency. To monitor crack propagation patterns and crack widths, digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used. To further analyze the mineralogy and microstructure of the healing products, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test was conducted on two groups of tap water and sea water exposures. Concluding results proved that sea water and tap water are suitable environments for autogenous self‐healing process. Furthermore, reverse loading cycles were demonstrated to impact the self‐healing results and should be considered for repeatable self‐healing evaluations.
Empowering Reading with Home Language Texts
Authors: Howard Deborah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch from dual and bilingual education programs shows that the use of a student's home language for reading instruction is one of the most beneficial practices for multilingual learners. Given the plethora of home languages encountered in public schools, how can teachers who do not speak the languages of their students utilize a student's home language as an asset during reading instruction? This article describes a case study of a second grade Japanese student. During instruction, the student read texts in both Japanese and English.
Improved Low‐Temperature Solution‐Growth of CsPbBr3‐nCln Single Crystals for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Hua Yunqiu , Cui Fucai , Zhang Peng , Zhang Guodong , Zhang Qichun , Tao Xutang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dark current drift caused by severe ion migration in all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 degrades the stability of X‐ray detection performance under a high electric field. The halogen doping is an effective method to improve the properties of the perovskites. In this work, the all‐inorganic Cl‐doped perovskites CsPbBr3‐nCln (n=0, 0.1 and 0.5) single crystals were grown by a modified low‐temperature inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method with the growth temperature lower than the phase transition point. The trap density decreased to 3.05×1010 cm−3 and the carrier mobility increased to 124.75 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the optimum component of CsPbBr2.9Cl0.1. Furthermore, by designing the detector with an asymmetric electrode configuration, CsPbBr2.9Cl0.1 detector showed super low dark current and an outstanding hard X‐ray induced photo‐response under a high voltage of 200 V. Consequently, the CsPbBr2.9Cl0.1 perovskite detector delivers a high sensitivity (5593.24 μC Gyair−1 cm−2) and a low detection limit (0.68 μGyair s−1). Our low temperature solution grown Cl‐doped all‐inorganic perovskite single crystals efficiently improve the photoelectric properties and enhance the X‐ray detection performance.
Torsional string Newton-Cartan geometry for non-relativistic strings
Authors: Bidussi Leo , Harmark Troels , Hartong Jelle , Obers Niels A. , Oling Gerben 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We revisit the formulation of non-relativistic (NR) string theory and its target space geometry. We obtain a new formulation in which the geometry contains a two-form field that couples to the tension current and that transforms under string Galilei boosts. This parallels the Newton-Cartan one-form that couples to the mass current of a non-relativistic point particle. We show how this formulation of the NR string arises both from an infinite speed of light limit and a null reduction of the relativistic closed bosonic string. In both cases, the two-form originates from a combination of metric quantities and the Kalb-Ramond field. The target space geometry of the NR string is seen to arise from the gauging of a new algebra that is obtained by an İnönü-Wigner contraction of the Poincaré algebra extended by the symmetries of the Kalb-Ramond field. In this new formulation, there are no superfluous target space fields that can be removed by fixing a Stückelberg symmetry. Classically, there are no foliation/torsion constraints imposed on the target space geometry.
Action complexity in the presence of defects and boundaries
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Baiguera Stefano , Bonansea Sara , Nardelli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The holographic complexity of formation for the AdS3 2-sided Randall-Sundrum model and the AdS3/BCFT2 models is logarithmically divergent according to the volume conjecture, while it is finite using the action proposal. One might be tempted to conclude that the UV divergences of the volume and action conjectures are always different for defects and boundaries in two-dimensional conformal field theories. We show that this is not the case. In fact, in Janus AdS3 we find that both volume and action proposals provide the same kind of logarithmic divergences.
Aspects of 5d Seiberg-Witten theories on $$ {\mathbbm{S}}^1 $$
Authors: Jia Qiang , Yi Piljin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the infrared physics of 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Yang-Mills theories compactified on $$ {\mathbbm{S}}^1 $$

S
1

, with a view toward 4d and 5d limits. Global structures of the simplest Coulombic moduli spaces are outlined, with an emphasis on how multiple planar 4d Seiberg-Witten geometries are embedded in the cigar geometry of a single 5d theory on $$ {\mathbbm{S}}^1 $$

S
1

. The Coulomb phase boundaries in the decompactification limit are given particular attention and related to how the wall-crossings by 5d BPS particles turn off. On the other hand, the elliptic genera of magnetic BPS strings do wall-cross and retain the memory of 4d wall-crossings, which we review with the example of dP2 theory. Along the way, we also offer a general field theory proof of the odd shift of electric charge on Sp(k)π instanton solitons, previously observed via geometric engineering for low-rank supersymmetric theories.