bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidation effect of alginate beads containing thyme, rosemary or geranium essential oils in lard and coconut oil
Authors: Thanaruenin Phattheera , Sutthasupa Sutthira , Kanha Nattapong , Sangsuwan Jurmkwan 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe alginate beads encapsulated thyme (AT), rosemary (AR) and geranium (AG) essential oils (EOs) were prepared to inhibit lipid oxidation in lard and coconut oil. The result showed that beads dried in hot air oven (45 °C) encapsulated higher amount of EOs than drying by desiccation method. Sachets containing AT, AR and AG were applied in PET bottles containing lard and coconut oils and stored at 45 °C. The DPPH scavenging activities of AT, AR and AG were 85.39%, 78.26%, and 78.12%, respectively. During storage, released EOs reduced PV and TBARS of lard and coconut oil and did not affect their colour acceptability scores. From PV, FFA and TBARS, AT at 0.50 g exhibited the best results in terms of lipid oxidation inhibition, although encapsulation percentage and release were significantly lower than AG and AR. Porous in alginate beads could entrap lipid oxidation products, including volatile compounds and water vapour. Besides, the hydrophilic property of polymer matrix led to water absorption, which lower aw value. In week3, the odour acceptability scores of control lard failed, while those packed with AT, AR and AG were acceptable. Alginate beads containing EOs can be used to extend the storage life of lard and coconut oil.
Physical properties and hypoglycaemic activity of biscuits as affected by the addition of stigma maydis extract
Authors: Yao Lianmou , Zhang Yi , Qiao Yongjin , Wang Chunfang , Wang Xiao , Liu Chenxia , Han Qing , Hua Fang 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe study aimed to evaluate the potential ingredient of stigma maydis (S.M.) as a hypoglycaemic functional food. In the present study, waxy corn flour and corn‐resistant starch were used to make biscuits; the influence of S.M. extracts (aqueous extract, SMA; ethanol extract, SME; mixed solvent extract, SMM) on the physical features and in vitro digestibility of biscuit were surveyed. In the meantime, the α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition of different S.M. extracts were analysed. Compared with the control dough, 5% ethanol S.M. extract (SME2) dough was observed to have the lowest storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), hardness, water absorption capacity (P < 0.05), while creep strain was the highest (P < 0.05). Adding S.M. extracts could significantly reduce the L*, b* value and increase the a* value of biscuits. Besides, the S.M. extracts could decrease the glycaemic index (G.I.) of biscuits and reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. The GI of SMA1, SMA2, SME1, SME2, SMM1 and SMM2 was decreased to 62.47, 55.17, 51.46, 44.89, 53.05 and 50.11 respectively. Further, the addition of S.M. extract could show a certain inhibitory rate of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase when added to biscuits. The inhibition ratio of 5% extract (SMA2, SME2 and SMM2) biscuit was higher than that of 1% extract (SMA1, SME1 and SMM1) biscuit (P < 0.05). As a natural functional component, S.M. extract could be a potential food supplement for type II diabetic mellitus.
Before perceptual narrowing: The emergence of the native sounds of language
Authors: Zacharaki Konstantina , Sebastian‐Galles Nuria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the precursors of representations of phonemes in 4.5‐month‐olds. The emergence of phonemes has been mainly studied within the framework of perceptual narrowing, that is, infants tuning to their native language and losing sensitivity to non‐native speech. One of the mechanisms behind this phenomenon is distributional learning. In this article, we tested the preference of 4.5‐month‐old infants using lists of pseudowords that resemble the vowel distribution of the native or a non‐native language. We found that infants prefer listening to the lists mirroring the native language. The results suggest that infants can extract vowel information from novel stimuli, and they can map it on pre‐existing knowledge on vowels that leads to a preference for the native lists.
Robust traveling salesman problem with drone: balancing risk and makespan in contactless delivery
Authors: Zhao Lei , Bi Xinhua , Dong Zhaohui , Xiao Ni , Zhao Anni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spread of COVID‐19 outbreak has promoted truck‐drone delivery from trials to commercial applications in end‐to‐end contactless solutions. To fully integrate truck‐drone delivery in contactless solutions, we introduce the robust traveling salesman problem with a drone, in which a drone makes deliveries and returns to the truck that is moving on its route under uncertainty. The challenge is to find, for each customer location in truck‐drone routing, an assignment to minimize the expected makespan. Apart from the complexity of this problem, the risk of synchronization failure associated with uncertain travel time should be also considered. The problem is first formulated as a robust model, and a novel efficient frontier heuristic is proposed to solve this model. By coupling the implicit adaptive weighting with epsilon‐constraint methods, the heuristic generates a series of scalarized single‐objective problems, where the goal is to minimize expected makespan under the constraint of synchronization risk. The experiment results show that the robust (near‐)optimal solutions offer a considerable reduction in risk, yet only hint at a small increase in makespan. The heuristic in the present study is effective to construct approximations of Pareto frontier and allows for assignment decisions in a priori or a posteriori manner.
Lugol's solution and Gentian violet eradicate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in skin wound infections
Authors: Grønseth Torstein , Ovchinnikov Kirill V. , Carlsen Harald , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Diep Dzung B. , von Unge Magnus , Silvola Juha T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution 5% and Gentian violet 1% against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm in vivo. The bactericidal efficacy for treatment of MRSA‐biofilm skin wound infection was tested in a murine model. Luciferase‐tagged S. aureus Xen31, a MRSA‐strain derived from S. aureus ATCC‐3359130, was used for infection. Wounds were made in the skin of mice and infected with MRSA. The mice were treated with Lugol's solution and Gentian violet. Application of the antimicrobial agents started 24 hours post infection and was repeated daily for five‐days. The antimicrobial effect on the biofilm bacteria was evaluated by measuring bioluminescence from MRSA daily for seven‐days. Lugol's solution and Gentian violet showed a significant reduction in luminescent signals from the first assessment day to all subsequent days (P < .001). Lugol's solution and Gentian violet effectively eradicated MRSA in biofilm in vivo and could be alternatives or in addition to topical antibiotics when MRSA‐biofilm wound infection is suspected.
Processing and characterization of an Li7La3Zr0.5Nb0.5Ta0.5Hf0.5O12 high‐entropy Li–garnet electrolyte
Authors: Fu Zhezhen , Ferguson Jacob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrated the processing of Li7La3Zr0.5Nb0.5Ta0.5Hf0.5O12 (LLZNTH) high‐entropy Li–garnet with promising properties for lithium batteries. We first synthesized the LLZNTH Li–garnet powders which have a single cubic garnet phase (space group: ; No. 230) without any secondary phases as well as uniform elements distributions. The prepared powders were further densified to a relative density of ∼94% with well‐crystallized grains and good contact with the neighboring grains. Minimal grain growth can be observed in the sintering time range from 8 to 20 h, which is likely due to the sluggish effects of high‐entropy compounds. The sample also maintains the cubic garnet phase along with uniform elements distribution after sintering. Electrochemical characterizations indicate that the densified sample has an adequate ionic conductivity of 4.67 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, a low activation energy of 0.25 eV, and a low electronic conductivity in the order of 10−8 S cm−1. The significance of designing high‐entropy electrolyte is further discussed.
Moths and butterflies on alien shores: Global biogeography of non‐native Lepidoptera
Authors: Mally Richard , Turner Rebecca M. , Blake Rachael E. , Fenn‐Moltu Gyda , Bertelsmeier Cleo , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Hoare Robert J. B. , Nahrung Helen F. , Roques Alain , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimLepidoptera is a highly diverse, predominantly herbivorous insect order, with species transported to outside their native range largely facilitated by the global trade of plants and plant‐based goods. Analogous to island disharmony, we examine invasion disharmony, where species filtering during invasions increases systematic compositional differences between native and non‐native species assemblages, and test whether some families are more successful at establishing in non‐native regions than others.LocationHawaii, North America, Galapagos, Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Japan, Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands, Australia, New Zealand.TaxonLepidoptera.MethodsWe compared numbers of non‐native, unintentionally introduced Lepidoptera species with the land area of 11 regions worldwide. Differences among native and non‐native assemblages in the distribution of species among families were investigated using ordination analysis. We tested whether invasion disharmony is explained by propagule pressure (proxied by species richness in border interceptions) and if families were associated with specific trade commodities.ResultsIn total, 741 non‐native Lepidoptera species, accounting for 0.47% of the global diversity of lepidopterans, are established in at least one of the 11 regions. Crambidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae and Gracillariidae were particularly successful invaders, whereas the two most species‐rich families, Erebidae and Geometridae, were under‐represented among non‐native Lepidoptera. Much of the variation in species numbers in the native, and less so in the non‐native assemblages could be attributed to land area. Although native assemblages were similar among nearby regions, non‐native assemblages were not, suggesting geography had little effect on invasion disharmony. Comparison of established with intercepted species revealed that macromoth families were generally under‐represented in establishments, whereas several micromoth families were under‐represented in interceptions. This discrepancy may relate to greater detectability of larger species or high propagule pressure via associations with specific invasion pathways.Main conclusionsInvasion disharmony in Lepidoptera appears to be driven by processes unrelated to the success of native assemblages. While native assemblages developed through long‐term evolutionary radiation, the composition of non‐native assemblages is driven by differential invasion pathways and traits affecting the establishment of founder populations that vary among families.
The late Pleistocene endemicity increase hypothesis and the origins of diversity in the Canary Islands Flora
Authors: Caujapé‐Castells Juli , García‐Verdugo Carlos , Sanmartín Isabel , Fuertes‐Aguilar Javier , Romeiras Maria M. , Zurita‐Pérez Nieves , Nebot Rafael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimWe explore the idea that most pre‐glacial non‐endemic Canarian flora became endemic to the archipelago by the extinction of its mainland populations during the late Pleistocene glaciations, implying that the extant non‐endemic flora is mostly post‐glacial: the ‘late Pleistocene endemicity increase hypothesis’.TaxonThe native flora of the Canarian archipelago.MethodsWe statistically compare the distributions of 2087 Canarian endemic and native non‐endemic plants across islands. We also carry out connectivity analyses using their dispersal paths, obtained by connecting all the islands of occurrence for each taxon.ResultsWhile the distribution of the endemic flora is strongly L‐shaped (with a much higher proportion of Single‐Island Endemics than Multiple‐Island Endemics), that of the native non‐endemics is U‐shaped (i.e. similar prevalence of single‐island taxa and taxa distributed on all islands). The native non‐endemics have a significantly lower proportion of single‐island taxa and a higher proportion of widespread taxa than the endemics. Most dispersal paths in the endemics connect the central and western islands, whereas they are extended across all islands in the native non‐endemics.Main conclusionsThe contrasting distributional patterns of the endemics and the native non‐endemics support an outstanding role of species diversification in the endemic flora, but a still negligible influence of the insular selective and stochastic pressures (including extinction) in the native non‐endemic flora, arguably due to its recent origin. Our results suggest that the high endemicity levels of the extant Canarian flora can be explained by two complementary processes: (i) high diversification rates throughout the ontogeny of the archipelago, often from colonisers that attained a widespread distribution prior to speciation, and (ii) an ‘endemicity increase’ during the late Pleistocene glaciations, whereby most of the pre‐glacial non‐endemic Canarian flora became endemic due to the extinction of its mainland conspecific populations, thus emphasising the role of the Canaries as climatic refugia.
Roles of FoxM1‐driven basal β‐cell proliferation in maintenance of β‐cell mass and glucose tolerance during adulthood
Authors: Kohata Masato , Imai Junta , Izumi Tomohito , Yamamoto Junpei , Kawana Yohei , Endo Akira , Sugawara Hiroto , Seike Junro , Kubo Haremaru , Komamura Hiroshi , Sato Toshihiro , Hosaka Shinichiro , Munakata Yuichiro , Asai Yoichiro , Kodama Shinjiro , Takahashi Kei , Kaneko Keizo , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWhether basal β‐cell proliferation during adulthood is involved in maintaining sufficient β‐cell mass, and if so, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying basal β‐cell proliferation remain unclear. FoxM1 is a critical transcription factor which is known to play roles in ‘adaptive’ β‐cell proliferation, which facilitates rapid increases in β‐cell mass in response to increased insulin demands. Therefore, herein we focused on the roles of β‐cell FoxM1 in ‘basal’ β‐cell proliferation under normal conditions and in the maintenance of sufficient β‐cell mass as well as glucose homeostasis during adulthood.Materials and MethodsFoxM1 deficiency was induced specifically in β‐cells of 8‐week‐old mice, followed by analyzing its short‐ (2 weeks) and long‐ (10 months) term effects on β‐cell proliferation, β‐cell mass, and glucose tolerance.ResultsFoxM1 deficiency suppressed β‐cell proliferation at both ages, indicating critical roles of FoxM1 in basal β‐cell proliferation throughout adulthood. While short‐term FoxM1 deficiency affected neither β‐cell mass nor glucose tolerance, long‐term FoxM1 deficiency suppressed β‐cell mass increases with impaired insulin secretion, thereby worsening glucose tolerance. In contrast, the insulin secretory function was not impaired in islets isolated from mice subjected to long‐term β‐cell FoxM1 deficiency. Therefore, β‐cell mass reduction is the primary cause of impaired insulin secretion and deterioration of glucose tolerance due to long‐term β‐cell FoxM1 deficiency.ConclusionsBasal low‐level proliferation of β‐cells during adulthood is important for maintaining sufficient β‐cell mass and good glucose tolerance and β‐cell FoxM1 underlies this mechanism. Preserving β‐cell FoxM1 activity may prevent the impairment of glucose tolerance with advancing age.
Seasonal differences in thermal stress susceptibility of diploid and triploid brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Teleostei, Pisces)
Authors: Lahnsteiner Franz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany physiological processes of teleost fish show periodicity due to intrinsic rhythms. It may be hypothesized that also susceptibility to thermal stress differs seasonally. To shed more light on this problem the following experiment was conducted. Diploid and triploid Salvelinus fontinalis were kept at an acclimation temperature of 9°C and at a natural photoperiod typical for the Northern Hemisphere during their entire live. During eight different periods of the year, different subgroups were exposed to a 32 day lasting thermal stress of 20°C. Rate of fish maintaining equilibrium, daily growth rate, condition factor, viscerosomatic index and hepato‐somatic index were measured. Complementary mRNA expression of genes characterizing growth (GHR1, GHR2), proteolysis (Protreg, Protα5), stress (Hsp47, Hsp90) and respiratory energy metabolism (ATPJ52) was determined. Seasonal differences in thermal stress susceptibility of 2n and 3n S. fontinalis were detected. It was highest from September to December and moderate from January to March. During the remaining period of the year, susceptibility to thermal stress was minimal. Increased thermal stress susceptibility was related to decreased rates of fish maintaining equilibrium, decreased growth rates, reduction of viscera and liver mass and changes in mRNA expression of genes characterizing proteolysis, growth, respiratory energy metabolism and stress. The differences in seasonal stress susceptibility were minor between 2n and 3n S. fontinalis. The data are valuable for ecology and fish culture to identify periods when animals are most susceptible to thermal stress.
Basal cell carcinoma in an albino pindani (Chindongo socolofi) and a cobalt‐zebra (Maylandia callainos): Diagnostic imaging, clinical and histopathological study
Authors: Shokrpoor Sara , Rahmati Holasoo Hooman , Soroori Sarang , Marandi Amin , Imantalab Bahram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA female albino pindani (Chindongo socolofi) and female cobalt‐zebra (Maylandia callainos) were referred to the Ornamental Fish Clinic with a soft tissue mass on their upper jaw. Also, during clinical examination, an unencapsulated intraoral soft tissue mass was observed in the cobalt‐zebra cichlid. Digital radiography showed soft tissue masses and osteolytic lesions. Computed tomography (CT) imaging confirmed that osteolytic lesions occurred in skull bones of cobalt‐zebra. Also, soft tissue mass invaded to the intraoral space. Histopathologically, a non‐encapsulated, multilobulated and densely cellular neoplastic mass was identified. Extensive infiltration of neoplastic cells to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue was observed in both cases. The masses were composed of multiple coalescing nests, sheets, lobules and trabeculae of neoplastic cells within a fibrovascular stroma. The palisading basaloid neoplastic cells were markedly extended from the basal cells of the epidermis into the dermis and subcutis. The majority of the neoplastic cells had scant amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct margins, round to ovoid nuclei and typically a single small basophilic nucleolus. There was invasion of basaloid neoplastic cells into the bone tissue that caused osteolytic lesions. Mitotic figures were three to seven per high‐power field. Epidermal basement membrane was periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) positive and neoplastic cell extension into the dermis was identified by the PAS staining. Fibrovascular stroma of the mass was also stained blue with Masson's trichrome. Based on histopathological and histochemical findings, the masses were diagnosed as infiltrative type of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
Investigating the NLRP3 inflammasome and its regulator miR‐223‐3p in multiple sclerosis and experimental demyelination
Authors: Galloway Dylan A. , Carew Samantha J. , Blandford Stephanie N. , Benoit Rochelle Y. , Fudge Neva J. , Berry Tangyne , Moore George R. Wayne , Barron Jane , Moore Craig S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInnate immune signaling pathways are essential mediators of inflammation and repair following myelin injury. Inflammasome activation has recently been implicated as a driver of myelin injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal models, although the regulation and contributions of inflammasome activation in the demyelinated central nervous system (CNS) are not completely understood. Herein, we investigated the NLRP3 (NBD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3) inflammasome and its endogenous regulator microRNA‐223‐3p within the demyelinated CNS in both MS and an animal model of focal demyelination. We observed that NLRP3 inflammasome components and microRNA‐223‐3p were upregulated at sites of myelin injury within activated macrophages and microglia. Both microRNA‐223‐3p and a small‐molecule NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, suppressed inflammasome activation in macrophages and microglia in vitro; compared with microglia, macrophages were more prone to inflammasome activation in vitro. Finally, systemic delivery of MCC950 to mice following lysolecithin‐induced demyelination resulted in a significant reduction in axonal injury within demyelinated lesions. In conclusion, we demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome activity by macrophages and microglia is a critical component of the inflammatory microenvironment following demyelination and represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory‐mediated demyelinating diseases, including MS.imageCover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15422
Untangling perceptions of atypical parents
Authors: Quadlin Natasha , Jeon Nanum , Doan Long , Powell Brian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how the public perceives of five types of “atypical” parents in the United States—single mothers, single fathers, lesbian couples, gay couples, and adoptive parents—including, critically, the factors that contribute to these perceptions.BackgroundAlthough a handful of studies have considered attitudes toward atypical parents, virtually no studies have considered why people hold the attitudes they do. In addition, few studies have compared multiple types of parents simultaneously, to understand the direction and magnitude of people's perceptions of alternative families.MethodThe authors designed and conducted a national phone survey (N = 827). Respondents were randomly assigned to an experimental condition corresponding to one of these five types of parents. Then, respondents were asked how well the parent(s) can: bring up a child (i.e., an overall perception item), provide for children's basic needs, have a warm relationship, and teach important values, compared to their normative counterparts.ResultsRespondents are by far the most receptive toward adoptive parents across all four of these items. Perceptions of single parents are most strongly shaped by beliefs about economic resources. Perceptions of same‐sex parents are most strongly shaped by beliefs about morality. We also find key gendered perceptions within these parent groups. For example, emotional considerations shape perceptions of gay couples, but not lesbian couples.ConclusionAdoptive parents are broadly accepted in the United States, but much resistance toward single parents (on mostly economic grounds) and same‐sex parents (on mostly moral grounds) remains.