bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric vehicles charging in India: Infrastructure planning and policy aspects
Authors: Veerendra Arigela Satya , Ravindra Manam , Ramesh Adireddy , Manoz Kumar Reddy Karri , Punya Sekhar Chavali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing years, electric vehicles (EVs) are promising technology for shifting scattered exhaust emissions in mega‐cities to integrated power plants in rural areas, especially in urban areas. Transport sector electrification and increased popularity of EVs make scientists and researchers, search for charging stations. The ideal position, charge scheduling, and developed charging infrastructure are the primary concern for the large‐scale deployment of EVs. This paper describes the possible demand for EVs charging station infrastructure and challenges in the Indian situation. Along these lines, this study also provides the research community with the latest developments and research findings of charging infrastructure for EVs in India.
Burden and benefit—A mixed methods study of informal Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis caregivers in Ireland and the Netherlands
Authors: Kennedy Polly , Conroy Éilís , Heverin Mark , Leroi Iracema , Beelen Anita , van den Berg Leonard , Hardiman Orla , Galvin Miriam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a systemic and terminal disorder of the central nervous system which causes paralysis of limbs, respiratory and bulbar muscles, impacting on physical, communication, cognitive and behavioural functioning. Informal caregivers play a key role in the care of people with ALS. This study aimed to explore experiences of burden along with any beneficial aspects of caregiving in ALS. An understanding of both burden and benefit is important to support the informal caregiver and the person with ALS.Methods/DesignThis exploratory mixed methods study characterizes two groups of informal caregivers in Ireland (n = 76) and the Netherlands (n = 58). In a semi‐structured interview, quantitative data were collected in the form of standardized measures assessing psychological distress, quality of life and burden. Qualitative data were collected from an open ended question, in which caregivers identified positive aspects in their caregiving experience. These data types were purposefully mixed in the analysis and interpretation stages, to provide a greater depth of evidence through diverse research lenses.ResultsThe caregiver cohorts were predominantly female (69%) and spouse/partners (84%) of the person with ALS. Greater levels of self‐assessed burden were found among the caregivers in the Netherlands (p < 0.05), and higher levels of quality of life among the cohort from Ireland (p < 0.05). Themes generated through qualitative analysis identified caregiver satisfaction, ability to meet the patient's needs and the (re) evaluation of meaning and existential aspects of life as positive aspects of caregiving. Existential factors were identified frequently by the caregivers in Ireland, and personal satisfaction and meeting their care recipient's needs by caregivers in the Netherlands. Three percent of all respondents reported there was nothing positive about caregiving.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we suggest that both burden and the presence of positive factors should be evaluated and monitored. The possibility of concurrent positive and challenging experiences should be considered in the design and delivery of supportive interventions for informal caregivers.
Unsteady nanofluid flow between two spinning expanding disks with continuous vertical motion under the influence of modified Hall effect
Authors: Sk Md Tausif , Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe principle aim of this article is to detect the effects of externally applied magnetic force in the nanofluid flow, flowing between two co‐axially rotating and expanding disks where the upper disk is continuously moving vertically upward and downward. Also, the modified Hall Effect has been considered as an effective factor of the flow. The lower disk is vertically static. The rotation and vertical motion of the disks create a three‐dimensional flow of nanofluid. Heat and mass density along with the motion of the flow has been analyzed under the variation in magnetic and Hall parameters. The findings have been compared with the results in Von Karman flow of nanofluid between two rotating and stretching disks. The velocity components have been largely influenced by magnetic and Hall parameters in case of downward movement of the upper disk. The fluid temperature is detected higher in case of upward velocity and lower in case of the downward motion of the upper disk. The heat transferability of the disks is effected differently at two different disks with the influence of magnetic force and Hall effect.
Insight into three‐dimensional flow of three different dynamics of nanofluids subject to thermal radiation: The case of water–cobalt ferrite, water–manganese–zinc ferrite, and water–magnetite
Authors: Khashi'ie Najiyah S. , Wahid Nur S. , Arifin Norihan Md , Pop Ioan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnetic nanofluids (MNFs) have been widely applied in both biomedical and environmental sectors along with the substantial growth of numerical and experimental studies. Hence, in view of the unique properties in MNFs, the aim of this study is to analyze numerically the three‐dimensional flow of MNFs (Fe3O4–water, CoFe2O4–water, Mn–ZnFe2O4–water) over a shrinking surface with suction and thermal radiation effects. The single‐phase nanofluid model is reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations by applying the similarity transformation. The results are then, obtained using the bvp4c solver in the Matlab software. The results reveal that for the shrinking case, the Mn–ZnFe2O4–water nanofluid has the maximum thermal rate followed by CoFe2O4–water and Fe3O4–water, respectively. Meanwhile, Fe3O4–water expands the separation value of boundary layer flow greater than other tested MNFs. Besides this, the suction parameter is also a contributing factor for the thermal enhancement of all MNFs.
Impact of irrigation on farm household diet quality: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Musa Hasen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn theory, irrigation could affect farm households' nutritional status in either direction. On the one hand, irrigation may improve nutritional status by boosting farm productivity and household income. On the other hand, it may deter diet quality by shifting farmers' attention from nutrition‐rich food to cash crops. This study examines the impact of irrigation schemes on farm households' nutritional status using nationally representative data from Ethiopia. Using the endogenous switching regression model, the study shows that irrigation improves diet quality. In addition, the study also identifies the production of micronutrient‐rich crops such as vegetables and fruit and the adoption of productivity‐enhancing inputs as the main pathways through which irrigation affects dietary quality. Hence, irrigation can be considered a viable instrument to enhance the diet quality of smallholders, and efforts should be made to tackle constraints that impede the adoption of irrigation technologies.
Guiding their Thinking: A Formative Study of Digital Source Evaluation
Authors: Walsh‐Moorman Beth , Pytash Kristine E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing pre‐ and post‐ intervention data, this formative study explores instructional moves designed to guide students' critical thinking as they engage in lateral reading and digital source evaluation. Working in a dual enrollment composition classroom, researchers identified and addressed three areas of need: considering context when determining source authority or credibility, developing skilled web searching strategies and engaging in complex and multi‐stepped lateral reading moves. Results demonstrated purposeful modeling and direct instruction of related digital skills positioned participants for more nuanced and developed thinking when engaging in digital source evaluation through lateral reading.
The effect and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis: A literature review
Authors: Mohammadparast Vida , Mallard Beth L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is used extensively as a white pigment in the food industry, personal care, and a variety of products of everyday use. Although TiO2has been categorized as a bioinert material, recent evidence has demonstrated different toxicity profiles of TiO2nanoparticles (NPs) and a potential health risk to humans. Studies indicated that titanium dioxide enters the systemic circulation and accumulates in the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and central nervous system and may cause oxidative stress and tissue damage in these vital organs. Recently, some studies have raised concerns about the possible detrimental effects of TiO2NPs on glucose homeostasis. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological issues. This article aims to evaluate current evidence regarding the effects of TiO2NPs on glucose homeostasis, including possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the limitations of current studies are discussed, which may provide a comprehensive understanding and new perspectives for future studies in this field.
Value versus hyper growth and expected stock returns: In memory of Simon Benninga
Authors: Taussig Roi D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay expands the theory on value versus growth stocks by adding another component to growth stocks. The new component is the substantial size growth (sg) (market capitalization growth). As shown in the financial literature, growth stock returns are lower than value stock returns. When sg is exploding, the growth stock returns are even substantially lower. This new variable is highly significant both statistically and economically.
Biological variation and reference change values of serum Mac‐2–binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi)
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Chun Gayoung , Go Unyeong , Lee Sang Gon , Lee Eun Hee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available with regard to biological variations of the Mac‐2–binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), a liver fibrosis biomarker.MethodsLong‐term biological variation of M2BPGi was investigated using longitudinally measured M2BPGi test results from healthy Korean adult subjects. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to calculate the reference change value (RCV) of M2BPGi based on biological variation estimates. Furthermore, asymmetric RCV was calculated according to a recent publication of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological Variation and Task Group for the Biological Variation Database (EFLM TG‐BVD).ResultsA total of 363 test results from 174 Korean subjects undergoing general health checkups were requested from 13 local clinics and hospitals during a 38‐month period. The within‐subjects biological variation (CVI), between‐subject biological variation (CVG), analytical variation (CVA), RCV, and individuality index (II) values for serum M2BPGi were 23.3%, 30.0%, 4.3%, 65.6%, and 0.78, respectively. Asymmetric RCV calculated using formulae by a recent EFLM TG‐BVD publication ranged from −41.9 to 72.0%. Desirable analytical performance specifications for M2BPGi derived from biological variation were as follows: imprecision 11.6%, bias 9.6%, and total allowable error 28.7%.ConclusionsRCV based on biological estimates may be helpful for evaluating and interpreting serial M2BPGi measurements by physicians and in clinical laboratories.
Alterations of gut microbiota‐derived metabolites in gestational diabetes mellitus and clinical significance
Authors: Gao Yajie , Chen Haimin , Li Jialin , Ren Shuaijun , Yang Zhenglun , Zhou Yuping , Xuan Rongrong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe change in the characteristics of the gut microbiota is linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, whether and how the gut microbiota‐derived metabolites change in GDM is uncertain. Here, we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiota‐derived metabolites and GDM.MethodsUsing targeted metabolomics approaches, 7 types of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), 38 types of bile acids (BAs), and 5 types of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), and its derivatives of serum samples were obtained from pregnant women with GDM (n = 24), and healthy pregnant controls (HC, n = 28) were detected to identify the metabolic signature of GDM to investigate the potential biomarkers. Moreover, we assessed the associations between gut microbiota‐derived metabolites and clinical parameters.ResultsIn our study, the gut microbiota‐derived metabolites signatures were significantly different between GDM and HC. Quantitative results showed the levels of isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, GUDCA, THDCA + TUDCA, and LCA‐3S were significantly higher in GDM, but the level of TMAO and its derivatives did not change significantly. Some altered gut microbiota‐derived metabolites were significantly correlated with glucose and lipid levels. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of generalized linear models showed that gut microbiota‐derived metabolites may be potential biomarkers of GDM.ConclusionThis study highlights gut microbiota‐derived metabolites alterations in GDM and correlation of the clinical indicators, which provides a new direction for future studies aiming to novel serum biomarker for early detection or target of drug therapy of GDM.
Treatment success or failure? Using a narrative interview to supplement ROM
Authors: Ogles Benjamin M. , Goates‐Jones Melissa K. , Erekson David M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough routine outcome monitoring (ROM) has been demonstrated to improve therapy efficiency and effectiveness, categorizations of improvement or deterioration using ROM measures (typically global symptoms) may not always be consistent with the lived experience of the client. A recent line of investigation examines these discrepancies and recommends supplementing ROM with additional measures or narrative interviews. In this case study, we use qualitative analysis of a posttreatment interview to specifically examine the client's perspective of discordant outcome when ROM indicated that the client deteriorated during treatment and the client reported retrospective improvement. We find that the interview provides a unique and helpful narrative perspective that supplements ROM. Findings suggest it may be useful to supplement ROM with approaches that extend beyond global symptom measurement and that outcomes from aggregated patient‐focused research may be more complex than anticipated.
Study on multiplanar measurements of infant hips with three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: He Jingnan , Cui Ligang , Chen Tao , Lyu Xuemin , Yu Jingmiao , Guo Wen , Wang Dandan , Qin Xiaoting , Zhao Yibing , Zhang Shumin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAn automatic evaluation technology based on artificial intelligence and three‐dimensional ultrasonography (3D US) is proposed for hip US inspection plane selection. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of the α angle as measured using 3D US to select the section plane and two‐dimensional ultrasonography (2D US) to manually select the Graf image, as well as to explore the feasibility of diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using 3D US and reconstruction technology.MethodsA total of 216 infant hips were included and assessed by doctors using 3D US layer‐by‐layer. The researchers used a computer to identify the coronal images that met the Graf standard and then compared the αX values obtained with the αG values measured artificially by 2D US.ResultsCompared with 2D US, 3D US more clearly showed the relative positions of the ilium, ischia, and pubis. The measured α value of the optimal section obtained by 3D US showed good agreement with the measured α value of the standard Graf section.ConclusionThe artificial intelligence and 3D US‐based automatic evaluation technology for section selection and inspection for DDH showed good agreement with the Graf method based on standard sections.
Teeth out of proportion: Smaller horse and cattle breeds have comparatively larger teeth
Authors: Clauss Marcus , Heck Laura , Veitschegger Kristof , Geiger Madeleine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are different descriptions of allometric relationships between important components of the mammalian skull. Craniofacial evolutionary allometry describes a pattern of increasing facial cranium in larger skulls. Another body of literature describes disproportionately larger teeth in smaller species or specimens, matching anecdotal observations with dental problems in dwarf breeds whose teeth appear “too large for their skulls.” We test the scaling of tooth row length with body size and skull length in a data set comprising 114 domestic horses (representing 40 breeds) and in another data set of 316 domestic cattle (of >60 breeds). We demonstrate that smaller skulls have a relatively longer tooth row in both horses and cattle; larger specimens have relatively shorter tooth rows. Whereas in horses, larger skulls have a relatively longer diastema, the distance of the mesial maxillary premolar to the premaxilla was proportional to cranium length in cattle. While the reasons for these patterns remain to be detected, they support the hypothesis that tooth size might be less “evolvable,” in terms of time required for changes, than body size. The pattern may affect (i) the selective breeding for dwarf breeds by setting minimum constraints for skull size, as described previously for domestic horses with the same data set; (ii) the susceptibility of small breeds for dental problems; and (iii) differences in chewing efficiency between breeds of different sizes. The findings support the existing concept that scaling of tooth to body size across taxa becomes more isometric the longer these taxa are separated in evolutionary time.
Cytokine responses to LPS in reprogrammed monocytes are associated with the transcription factor PU.1
Authors:   X-HiDE Consortium, Tuerxun Kedeye , Midtbö Kristine , Särndahl Eva , Vorontsov Egor , Karlsson Roger , Persson Alexander , Kruse Robert , Eklund Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are functionally immunosuppressive cells that arise and expand during extensive inflammatory conditions by increased hematopoietic output or reprogramming of immune cells. In sepsis, an increase of circulating MDSCs is associated with adverse outcomes, but unique traits that can be used to identify increased activity of MDSCs are lacking. By using endotoxin tolerance as a model of sepsis-induced monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC-like cells), this study aims to identify the mediator and transcriptional regulator profile associated with M-MDSC activity. After analyzing 180 inflammation-associated proteins, a profile of differentially expressed cytokines was found in M-MDSC-like cells versus normal monocytes stimulated with LPS. These cytokines were associated with 5 candidate transcription factors, where particularly PU.1 showed differential expression on both transcriptional and protein levels in M-MDSC-like cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PU.1 led to increased production of CXCL5 and CCL8 in M-MDSC-like cells indicating its role in regulating the ability of M-MDSC-like cells to recruit other immune cells. Taken together, the study identifies a unique profile in the pattern of immune mediators defining M-MDSC activity upon LPS stimulation, which offers a functional link to their contribution to immunosuppression.
Prospective Evaluation of Virtual MR Elastography With Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Hanniman Elyisha , Costa Andreu F. , Bowen Chris V. , Abdolell Mohamed , Stueck Ashley , McLeod Magnus , Peltekian Kevork , Rioux James , Clarke Sharon E. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common worldwide and can lead to the development of cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. Virtual magnetic resonance elastography (VMRE), which is based on a shifted apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC), is a potential noninvasive method to assess liver fibrosis without the specialized hardware and expertise required to implement traditional MR elastography (MRE). Although hepatic steatosis is known to confound ADC measurements, previous studies using VMRE have not corrected for hepatic fat fraction.PurposeTo compare VMRE, corrected for the confounding effects of unsuppressed fat signal, to MRE and biopsy in subjects with suspected NAFLD.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional.PopulationA total of 49 adult subjects with suspected NAFLD (18 male; median age 55 years, range 33–74 years) who underwent liver biopsy.Field strength/Sequence 3T, diffusion‐weighted spin echo planar, chemical‐shift encoded (IDEAL IQ) and MRE sequences.AssessmentTwo observers drew regions of interest on sADC, proton density fat fraction and MRE‐derived stiffness maps. Fat‐corrected sADC values were used to calculate the diffusion‐based shear modulus according to the VMRE method. Predicted fibrosis stage for MRE and VMRE was determined using previously published cut‐off values.Statistical TestsThe relationship between VMRE and MRE was assessed with least‐squares linear regression (coefficient of determination, R2). Agreement between MRE and VMRE‐predicted fibrosis stage was evaluated with a kappa coefficient and accuracy compared using McNemar's test. A one‐way ANOVA determined if the fat‐corrected sADC (VMRE) and MRE differed by fibrosis stage. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsLeast squares regression of VMRE vs. MRE revealed R2 = 0.046 and a slope that was not significantly different from zero (P = 0.14). There was no agreement between MRE and VMRE‐predicted fibrosis stage (kappa = −0.01). The proportion of correctly predicted fibrosis stage was significantly higher for MRE compared to VMRE. MRE was significantly associated with fibrosis stage, but fat‐corrected sADC was not (P = 0.24).Data ConclusionFat‐corrected VMRE was not associated with fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Further investigation is required if VMRE is to be considered in subjects with NAFLD.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
“Ghost peaks” of olmesartan medoxomil: Two solution degradation products of olmesartan medoxomil via oxidation mediated by metal ions
Authors: Huang Minxia , Yao Beiyang , Jiang Manhua , Sun Fuzhou , You Jinsong , Huang Fangfang , Zhao Yanping , Wu Shuming , He Xinqian , Song Xuezhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo unknown solution degradants were found during the dissolution testing in 0.1‐M HCl for olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) tablets. The structure of the degradants was identified and characterized by liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (LC–UV), liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and demonstrated to be cyclization of tetrazole and benzene in the olmesartan (OL) and OLM structures. A series of studies including stress studies, simulation studies, and mechanism‐based studies were performed to reveal the potential mechanisms that lead to the formation of the unknown degradants. The study results demonstrated that the degradation was catalyzed with radicals that originated from the metal ions leached from the inner surface of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) glass vials with dissolved oxygen under acidic condition. Prerinsing the glass vials with acidic solution dissolved with EDTA can effectively avoid the generation of such oxidative impurities. The present work provides new insights into the understanding of degradation pathways of OLM, which might support the development of OLM tablets.