bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation dose to circumscribed brain regions and neurocognitive function in patients with meningioma
Authors: Sekely Angela , Tsang Derek S , Mabbott Donald , Kongkham Paul , Zadeh Gelareh , Zakzanis Konstantine K , Edelstein Kim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough radiation (RT) is standard treatment for many brain tumors, it may contribute to neurocognitive decline. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between RT dose to circumscribed brain regions and specific neurocognitive domains in patients with meningioma.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective study of 40 patients with meningioma who received RT and underwent an in-depth clinical neurocognitive assessment. Radiation dosimetry characteristics were delineated based on treatment planning computerized tomography co-registered with contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Principal components analysis was applied to organize neurocognitive test scores into factors, and multivariate multiple linear regression models were undertaken to examine if RT dose to circumscribed brain regions is associated with specific neurocognitive outcomes.ResultsRadiation dose to brain regions was associated with neurocognitive functions across a number of domains. High dose to the parietal-occipital region was associated with slower visuomotor processing speed (mean dose, β = −1.100, P = .017; dose to 50% of the region [D50], β = −0.697, P = .049). In contrast, high dose to the dorsal frontal region was associated with faster visuomotor processing speed (mean dose, β = 0.001, P = .036).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that RT delivered to brain regions (ie, parietal-occipital areas) may contribute to poor neurocognitive outcomes. Given that modern radiotherapy techniques allow for precise targeting of dose delivered to brain regions, prospective trials examining relations between dose and neurocognitive functions are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.
Targeted synthesis of zeolites from calculated interaction between zeolite structure and organic template
Authors: Wu Qinming , Luan Huimin , Xiao Feng-Shou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zeolites, a class of silica-based porous materials, have been widely employed in the chemical industry for uses such as sorption, separation, catalysis and ion exchange. Normally, the synthesis of zeolites is performed in the presence of organic templates via a trial-and-error route, which is labor-intensive and empirical. In recent years, theoretical simulation from the interaction between a zeolite structure and an organic template has been used to guide the synthesis of zeolites, which is time-saving. In this review, recent progress in the targeted synthesis of zeolites from interaction between a zeolite structure and an organic template are briefly outlined including the design of new templates for zeolite synthesis, preparation of zeolites with new composition, development of novel routes for zeolite synthesis, synthesis of intergrowth zeolites, generation of novel zeolite structures, control of zeolite morphology and modulation of aluminum distribution in zeolites. These targeted syntheses reveal that the minimum energy principle from the theoretical simulation is key for guiding zeolite crystallization. This review will be important for zeolite researchers for rationally synthesizing zeolites and effectively designing new zeolite structures.
Recovery of sinus rhythm by tafamidis in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy with atrial arrhythmias
Authors: Isotani Yoshitaka , Amiya Eisuke , Ishida Junichi , Ishizuka Masato , Hatano Masaru , Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Komuro Issei 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a life-threatening infiltrative disease in elderly patients. Atrial arrhythmias (AAr) are common in patients with ATTR-CM. However, AAr treatment in these patients is challenging. In this case, a patient diagnosed with wild-type ATTR-CM suffered atrial fibrillation (AF) for ~1 year, according to the data of his self-monitoring and regular electrocardiogram. This AF reverted to normal sinus rhythm a few months after the initiation of tafamidis without administering an antiarrhythmic drug. Tafamidis may be beneficial as alternative antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with ATTR-CM.
Taming the temperature: Sagebrush songbirds modulate microclimate via nest-site selection
Authors: Scherr Tayler M , Chalfoun Anna D 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding species’ responses to temperature via behavior, and the factors affecting the extent of behavioral responses, is a critical and timely endeavor given the rapid pace at which the climate is changing. The young of altricial songbirds are particularly sensitive to temperature, and parents may modulate temperatures at nests via selection of nest sites, albeit to a largely unknown extent. We examined whether sagebrush-obligate songbirds, that reproduce within an open ecosystem with wide temperature fluctuations and span a range of body sizes, selected their nest sites on the basis of temperature. We further investigated whether nest predation risk and ambient conditions modulated temperature-based choices. We placed temperature loggers at nest sites and in unused but available nest niches and nest shrubs along a known predation-risk gradient and used nearby weather stations to determine ambient temperatures. The two smaller-bodied birds, Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri) and Sagebrush Sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensis), selected nest shrubs and niches that were warmer and less variable relative to unused sites whereas the larger bodied species, Sage Thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus), did not. Brewer’s Sparrows and Sage Thrashers dampened selection for warmer nest sites when temperatures experienced during the nest-site prospecting period were warmer. None of the three species altered nest-site selection with respect to temperature in response to ambient temperature variability or our index of nest predation risk. The microhabitat characteristics that most influenced temperatures at nests varied across species. Our results suggest that songbirds can modulate temperatures at nests to some extent, and such responses can vary depending on the conditions experienced prior to nest initiation. Responses also varied across species, likely reflecting different physiological tolerances. The extent to which breeding birds will be able to continue to proximately influence temperature via nest-site choices likely will depend on the extent and rate of future climatic shifts.
A Feature Selection Approach Guided an Early Prediction of Anthocyanin Accumulation Using Massive Untargeted Metabolomics Data in Mulberry
Authors: Yu Cui , Dong Zhaoxia , Jemaa Essemine , Zhu Zhixian , Mo Rongli , Li Yong , Deng Wen , Hu Xingming , Zhang Cheng , Han Guangming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Identifying the early predictive biomarkers or compounds represents a pivotal task for guiding a targeted agricultural practice. Despite the various available tools, it remains challenging to define the ideal compound combination and thereby elaborate an effective predictive model fitting that. Hence, we employed a stepwise feature selection approach followed by a maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (MRMR) on the untargeted metabolism in four mulberry genotypes at different fruit developmental stages (FDSs). Thus, we revealed that 7 out of 226 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) explained up to 80% variance of anthocyanin based on linear regression model and stepwise feature selection approach accompanied by an MRMR across the genotypes over the FDSs. Among them, the phosphoenolpyruvate, d-mannose and shikimate show the top 3 attribution indexes to the accumulation of anthocyanin in the fruits of these genotypes across the four FDSs. The obtained results were further validated by assessing the regulatory genes expression levels and the targeted metabolism approach. Taken together, our findings provide valuable evidences on the fact that the anthocyanin biosynthesis is somehow involved in the coordination between the carbon metabolism and secondary metabolic pathway. Our report highlights as well the importance of using the feature selection approach for the predictive biomarker identification issued from the untargeted metabolomics data.
Getting Proactive with Police Proactivity: The Benefits of Computer-aided Dispatch for Directing Police Resources to Areas of Need
Authors: Henning Kris , Peterson Christian , Stewart Greg , Kahn Kimberly , Labissiere Yves , Renauer Brian , Mitchell Renèe , Sothern Sean 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sherman et al. [Sherman, L. W., Williams, S., Ariel, B., et al. (2014). ‘An Integrated Theory of Hot Spots Patrol Strategy Implementing Prevention by Scaling up and Feeding Back.’ Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice30(2): 95–122.] argue that crime reductions associated with hot spot policing can be maximized by carefully managing the dosage of supplemental resources delivered. Fully achieving this goal in prior studies has been difficult due to resistance by officers, the use of atypical strategies for directing patrols to target locations, and insufficient attention to the measurement of treatment dosages. This has led to calls for process research examining the implementation of hot spot policing in law enforcement agencies. The current study represents one such effort. The computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system for a large US police department was pre-programmed with 16,200 supplemental community engagement patrols that were communicated to officers similar to emergency calls for service generated by the public. An interdisciplinary team comprised sworn officers, crime analysts, and academics designed and evaluated the intervention using an experimental design. The team found that the vast majority of patrols were delivered as scheduled (n = 12,965; 80.0%) and that planned dosage ratios between treatment conditions were achieved. Advantages of using CAD for proactive policing initiatives and benefits of police–academic partnerships are discussed.
Macroeconomic Attention and Announcement Risk Premia
Authors: Fisher Adlai , Martineau Charles , Sheng Jinfei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct macroeconomic attention indexes (MAI), which are new measures of attention to different macroeconomic risks, including unemployment and monetary policy. Individual MAI tend to increase around related announcements and following changes in related fundamentals. Further, bad news raises attention more than good news. For unemployment and FOMC, attention predicts announcement risk premiums and implied volatility changes with large economic magnitudes. Our findings support theories of endogenous attention and announcement risk premiums, while demonstrating future research directions, including that announcements can raise new concerns. Macroeconomic announcements are important not only for contents and timing but also for attention.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Gentle stroking elicits somatosensory ERP that differentiates between hairy and glabrous skin
Authors: Schirmer Annett , Lai Oscar , McGlone Francis , Cham Clare , Lau Darwin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Here we asked whether, similar to visual and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), somatosensory ERPs reflect affect. Participants were stroked on hairy or glabrous skin at five stroking velocities (0.5, 1, 3, 10 and 20 cm/s). For stroking of hairy skin, pleasantness ratings related to velocity in an inverted u-shaped manner. ERPs showed a negativity at 400 ms following touch onset over somatosensory cortex contra-lateral to the stimulation site. This negativity, referred to as sN400, was larger for intermediate than for faster and slower velocities and positively predicted pleasantness ratings. For stroking of glabrous skin, pleasantness showed again an inverted u-shaped relation with velocity and, additionally, increased linearly with faster stroking. The sN400 revealed no quadratic effect and instead was larger for faster velocities. Its amplitude failed to significantly predict pleasantness. In sum, as was reported for other senses, a touch’s affective value modulates the somatosensory ERP. Notably, however, this ERP and associated subjective pleasantness dissociate between hairy and glabrous skin underscoring functional differences between the skin with which we typically receive touch and the skin with which we typically reach out to touch.
The development of sleep/wake disruption and cataplexy as hypocretin/orexin neurons degenerate in male vs. female Orexin/tTA; TetO-DTA Mice
Authors: Sun Yu , Tisdale Ryan , Park Sunmee , Ma Shun-Chieh , Heu Jasmine , Haire Meghan , Allocca Giancarlo , Yamanaka Akihiro , Morairty Stephen R , Kilduff Thomas S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1), a sleep disorder with similar prevalence in both sexes, is thought to be due to loss of the hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons. Several transgenic strains have been created to model this disorder and are increasingly being used for preclinical drug development and basic science studies, yet most studies have solely used male mice. We compared the development of narcoleptic symptomatology in male vs. female orexin-tTA; TetO-DTA mice, a model in which Hcrt neuron degeneration can be initiated by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from the diet. EEG, EMG, subcutaneous temperature, gross motor activity, and video recordings were conducted for 24-h at baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after DOX removal. Female DTA mice exhibited cataplexy, the pathognomonic symptom of NT1, by Week 1 in the DOX(-) condition but cataplexy was not consistently present in males until Week 2. By Week 2, both sexes showed an impaired ability to sustain long wake bouts during the active period, the murine equivalent of excessive daytime sleepiness in NT1. Subcutaneous temperature appeared to be regulated at lower levels in both sexes as the Hcrt neurons degenerated. During degeneration, both sexes also exhibited the “Delta State”, characterized by sudden cessation of activity, high delta activity in the EEG, maintenance of muscle tone and posture, and the absence of phasic EMG activity. Since the phenotypes of the two sexes were indistinguishable by Week 6, we conclude that both sexes can be safely combined in future studies to reduce cost and animal use.
Erk5 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Bone Homeostasis by Preventing Osteogenesis in Adulthood
Authors: Horie Tetsuhiro , Fukasawa Kazuya , Yamada Takanori , Mizuno Seiya , Iezaki Takashi , Tokumura Kazuya , Iwahashi Sayuki , Sakai Shiho , Suzuki Akane , Kubo Takuya , Osumi Ryoma , Tomizawa Akane , Ochi Hiroki , Sato Shingo , Kaneda Katsuyuki , Takahashi Satoru , Hinoi Eiichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (Erk5) belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Previously, we demonstrated that Erk5 directly phosphorylates Smad-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Smurf2) at Thr249 (Smurf2Thr249) to activate its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Although we have clarified the importance of Erk5 in embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on skeletogenesis, its role in adult bone marrow (BM)-MSCs on bone homeostasis remains unknown. Leptin receptor-positive (LepR+) BM-MSCs represent a major source of bone in adult bone marrow and are critical regulators of postnatal bone homeostasis. Here, we identified Erk5 in BM-MSCs as an important regulator of bone homeostasis in adulthood. Bone marrow tissue was progressively osteosclerotic in mice lacking Erk5 in LepR+ BM-MSCs with age, accompanied by increased bone formation and normal bone resorption in vivo. Erk5 deficiency increased the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs along with a higher expression of Runx2 and Osterix, essential transcription factors for osteogenic differentiation, without affecting their stemness in vitro. Erk5 deficiency decreased Smurf2Thr249 phosphorylation and subsequently increased Smad1/5/8-dependent signaling in BM-MSCs. The genetic introduction of the Smurf2T249E mutant (a phosphomimetic mutant) suppressed the osteosclerotic phenotype in Erk5-deficient mice. These findings suggest that the Erk5-Smurf2Thr249 axis in BM-MSCs plays a critical role in the maintenance of proper bone homeostasis by preventing excessive osteogenesis in adult bone marrow.
An Article-Based Format for Medical Specialty and Subspecialty Maintenance of Certification
Authors: Faulkner Larry R. , Juul Dorthea , Thomas Christopher R. , Anzia Joan M. , Lewis Steven L. , Schor Nina F. , Shen Linjun , Cowan Dan , Vondrak Patricia 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
This article describes an article-based alternative for maintenance of certification that the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology developed and began pilot testing in 2019. The rationale for and components of the pilot program are presented along with data on participant performance and feedback from the first year of implementation in three primary specialties (neurology, child neurology, and psychiatry) and one subspecialty (child and adolescent psychiatry).

Methods:
Evaluation of the pilot program was guided by a widely used validity framework. Data were collected that addressed the five categories of validity evidence: content, response process, internal structure, relation to other variables, and consequences.

Results:
Enrollment ranged from 66.7% for psychiatrists to 75.3% for child neurologists. For the 2019 cohort, the pass rates ranged from 92.6% for child and adolescent psychiatry to 98.7% for neurology, and very small numbers of diplomates failed or did not complete the process. For psychiatrists, there was a modest, but significant, relationship between performance on previous and subsequent maintenance of certification examinations. Ninety percent or more agreed that: the articles were easy to access and helpful to their practices; the mini-tests were a fair assessment of their understanding of the articles; and their test-taking experience was satisfactory.

Discussion:
Most eligible diplomates participated in the article-based pilot project, and they strongly preferred this format to the traditional multiple-choice examinations. Most important, the pilot was perceived to be a meaningful and relevant learning activity that had a positive effect on patient care.
Patient-Provider Communication Quality, 2002–2016
Authors: Cho Gawon , Chang Virginia W. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Effective patient-provider communication (PPC) can improve clinical outcomes and therapeutic alliance. While PPC may have improved over time due to the implementation of various policies for patient-centered care, its nationwide trend remains unclear.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine trends in PPC quality among US adults and whether trends vary with race-ethnicity.

Research Design:
A repeated cross-sectional study.

Participants:
We examine noninstitutionalized civilian adults who made 1 or more health care visits in the last 12 months and self-completed the mail-back questionnaire in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2002–2016.

Measures:
Outcomes include 4 top-box measures, each representing the odds of patients reporting that their providers always (vs. never, sometimes, usually) used a given communication behavior in the past 12 months regarding listening carefully, explaining things understandably, showing respect, and spending enough time. A linear mean composite score (the average of ordinal responses for the behaviors above) is also examined as an outcome. Exposures include time period and race-ethnicity.

Results:
Among 124,158 adults (181,864 observations), the quality of PPC increases monotonically between 2002 and 2016 for all outcomes. Between the first and last periods, the odds of high-quality PPC increase by 37% [95% confidence interval (CI)=32%–43%] for listen, 25% (95% CI=20%–30%) for explain, 41% (95% CI=35%–47%) for respect, and 37% (95% CI=31%–43%) for time. The composite score increases by 3.24 (95% CI=2.87–3.60) points. While increasing trends are found among all racial groups, differences exist at each period. Asians report the lowest quality throughout the study period for all outcomes, while Blacks report the highest quality. Although racial differences narrow over time, most changes are not significant.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that providers are increasingly likely to use patient-centered communication strategies. While racial differences have narrowed, Asians report the lowest quality throughout the study period, warranting future research.
Wastewater-based detection of two influenza outbreaks
Authors: Wolfe Marlene K. , Duong Dorothea , Bakker Kevin M. , Ammerman Michelle , Mortenson Lindsey , Hughes Bridgette , Arts Peter , Lauring Adam S. , Fitzsimmons William J , Bendall Emily , Hwang Calvin E. , Martin Emily T. , White Bradley J. , Boehm Alexandria B. , Wigginton Krista R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraditional influenza surveillance informs control strategies but can lag behind outbreak onset and undercount cases. Wastewater surveillance is effective for monitoring near real-time dynamics of outbreaks but has not been attempted for influenza. We quantified Influenza A virus RNA in wastewater during two active outbreaks on university campuses in different parts of the United States and during different times of year using case data from an outbreak investigation and high-quality surveillance data from student athletes. In both cases, the IAV RNA concentrations were strongly associated with reported IAV incidence rate (Kendall’s tau = 0.58 and 0.67 for University of Michigan and Stanford University, respectively). Furthermore, the RNA concentrations reflected outbreak patterns and magnitudes. For the University of Michigan outbreak, evidence from sequencing IAV RNA from wastewater indicated the same circulating strain identified in cases during the outbreak. The results demonstrate that wastewater surveillance can effectively detect influenza outbreaks and will therefore be a valuable supplement to traditional forms of influenza surveillance.SynopsisThis study provides evidence that detection of Influenza A RNA in wastewater settled solids can be effectively used to track dynamics of influenza A outbreaks in a community.