bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching the highest efficiency of spin Hall effect of light in the near-infrared using all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol , Yang Younghwan , Kim Yeseul , Rho Junsuk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spin Hall effect of light refers to a spin-dependent transverse splitting of light at a planar interface. Previous demonstrations to enhance the splitting have suffered from exceedingly low efficiency. Achievements of the large splitting with high efficiency have been reported in the microwave, but those in the optical regime remain elusive. Here, an approach to attain the large splitting with high efficiency in the near-infrared is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at 800 nm by using a dielectric metasurface. Modulation of the complex transmission of the metasurface leads to the shifts that reach 10λalong with efficiencies over 70% under two linear polarizations. Our work extends the recent attempts to achieve the large and efficient spin Hall effect of light, which have been limited only to the microwave, to the optical regime.
Topological band structure via twisted photons in a degenerate cavity
Authors: Yang Mu , Zhang Hao-Qing , Liao Yu-Wei , Liu Zheng-Hao , Zhou Zheng-Wei , Zhou Xing-Xiang , Xu Jin-Shi , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynthetic dimensions based on particles’ internal degrees of freedom, such as frequency, spatial modes and arrival time, have attracted significant attention. They offer ideal large-scale lattices to simulate nontrivial topological phenomena. Exploring more synthetic dimensions is one of the paths toward higher dimensional physics. In this work, we design and experimentally control the coupling among synthetic dimensions consisting of the intrinsic photonic orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum degrees of freedom in a degenerate optical resonant cavity, which generates a periodically driven spin-orbital coupling system. We directly characterize the system’s properties, including the density of states, energy band structures and topological windings, through the transmission intensity measurements. Our work demonstrates a mechanism for exploring the spatial modes of twisted photons as the synthetic dimension, which paves the way to design rich topological physics in a highly compact platform.
Manufacture-friendly nanostructured metals stabilized by dual-phase honeycomb shell
Authors: Wang Hai , Song Wei , Liu Mingfeng , Zhang Shuyuan , Ren Ling , Qiu Dong , Chen Xing-Qiu , Yang Ke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRefining grains to the nanoscale can greatly enhance the strength of metals. But the engineering applications of nanostructured metals are limited by their complex manufacturing technology and poor microstructural stability. Here we report a facile “Eutectoid element alloying→ Quenching→ Hot deformation” (EQD) strategy, which enables the mass production of a Ti6Al4V5Cu (wt.%) alloy with α-Ti grain size of 95 ± 32 nm. In addition, rapid co-precipitation of Ti2Cu and β phases forms a “dual-phase honeycomb shell” (DPHS) structure along the grain boundaries and effectively stabilizes the α-grains. The instability temperature of the nanostructured Ti6Al4V5Cu alloy reaches 973 K (0.55Tm). The room temperature tensile strength approaches 1.52 ± 0.03 GPa, which is 60% higher than the Ti6Al4V counterpart without sacrificing its ductility. Furthermore, the tensile elongation at 923 K exceeds 1000%. The aforementioned strategy paves a new pathway to develop manufacture-friendly nanostructured materials and it also has great potential for application in other alloy systems.
Insights into the activity of single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Kang , Fu Junwei , Lin Yiyang , Luo Tao , Ni Ganghai , Li Hongmei , Lin Zhang , Liu Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingle-atom Fe-N-C catalysts has attracted widespread attentions in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the origin of ORR activity on Fe-N-C catalysts is still unclear, which hinder the further improvement of Fe-N-C catalysts. Herein, we provide a model to understand the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site from the spatial structure and energy level of the frontier orbitals by density functional theory calculations. Taking the regulation of divacancy defects on Fe-N4 site ORR activity as examples, we demonstrate that the hybridization between Fe 3dz2, 3dyz (3dxz) and O2 π* orbitals is the origin of Fe-N4 ORR activity. We found that the Fe–O bond length, the d-band center gap of spin states, the magnetic moment of Fe site and *O2 as descriptors can accurately predict the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site. Furthermore, these descriptors and ORR activity of Fe-N4 site are mainly distributed in two regions with obvious difference, which greatly relate to the height of Fe 3d projected orbital in the Z direction. This work provides a new insight into the ORR activity of single-atom M-N-C catalysts.
Full-range birefringence control with piezoelectric MEMS-based metasurfaces
Authors: Meng Chao , Thrane Paul C. V. , Ding Fei , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDynamic polarization control is crucial for emerging highly integrated photonic systems with diverse metasurfaces being explored for its realization, but efficient, fast, and broadband operation remains a cumbersome challenge. While efficient optical metasurfaces (OMSs) involving liquid crystals suffer from inherently slow responses, other OMS realizations are limited either in the operating wavelength range (due to resonances involved) or in the range of birefringence tuning. Capitalizing on our development of piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based dynamic OMSs, we demonstrate reflective MEMS-OMS dynamic wave plates (DWPs) with high polarization conversion efficiencies (∼75%), broadband operation (∼100 nm near the operating wavelength of 800 nm), fast responses (<0.4 milliseconds) and full-range birefringence control that enables completely encircling the Poincaré sphere along trajectories determined by the incident light polarization and DWP orientation. Demonstrated complete electrical control over light polarization opens new avenues in further integration and miniaturization of optical networks and systems.
Accelerated biological aging in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cao Xue , Li Wenjuan , Wang Ting , Ran Dongzhi , Davalos Veronica , Planas-Serra Laura , Pujol Aurora , Esteller Manel , Wang Xiaolin , Yu Huichuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronological age is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Previous findings indicate that epigenetic age could be altered in viral infection. However, the epigenetic aging in COVID-19 has not been well studied. In this study, DNA methylation of the blood samples from 232 healthy individuals and 413 COVID-19 patients is profiled using EPIC methylation array. Epigenetic ages of each individual are determined by applying epigenetic clocks and telomere length estimator to the methylation profile of the individual. Epigenetic age acceleration is calculated and compared between groups. We observe strong correlations between the epigenetic clocks and individual’s chronological age (r > 0.8,p < 0.0001). We also find the increasing acceleration of epigenetic aging and telomere attrition in the sequential blood samples from healthy individuals and infected patients developing non-severe and severe COVID-19. In addition, the longitudinal DNA methylation profiling analysis find that the accumulation of epigenetic aging from COVID-19 syndrome could be partly reversed at late clinic phases in some patients. In conclusion, accelerated epigenetic aging is associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing severe COVID-19. In addition, the accumulation of epigenetic aging from COVID-19 may contribute to the post-COVID-19 syndrome among survivors.
A new dimension for magnetosensitive e-skins: active matrix integrated micro-origami sensor arrays
Authors: Becker Christian , Bao Bin , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Rivkin Boris , Li Zhe , Faghih Maryam , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic sensors are widely used in our daily life for assessing the position and orientation of objects. Recently, the magnetic sensing modality has been introduced to electronic skins (e-skins), enabling remote perception of moving objects. However, the integration density of magnetic sensors is limited and the vector properties of the magnetic field cannot be fully explored since the sensors can only perceive field components in one or two dimensions. Here, we report an approach to fabricate high-density integrated active matrix magnetic sensor with three-dimensional (3D) magnetic vector field sensing capability. The 3D magnetic sensor is composed of an array of self-assembled micro-origami cubic architectures with biased anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors manufactured in a wafer-scale process. Integrating the 3D magnetic sensors into an e-skin with embedded magnetic hairs enables real-time multidirectional tactile perception. We demonstrate a versatile approach for the fabrication of active matrix integrated 3D sensor arrays using micro-origami and pave the way for new electronic devices relying on the autonomous rearrangement of functional elements in space.
Subcarrier‐pair based joint resource allocation for secure cooperative OFDM system with multiple untrusted AF relays
Authors: Jin Yifeng , Li Xunan , Lv Guocheng , Zhao Meihui , Jin Ye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with multiple untrusted amplify‐and‐forward relays is considered. Since there exists no direct link between source and user because of the shadowing effect, a positive system secrecy rate cannot be obtained. Addressing this issue, a cooperative user‐aided jamming technique to improve the secrecy performance is employed. With the aim of maximising the system secrecy rate, a joint resource allocation problem of power allocation, relay assignment and subcarrier pairing is formulated. By using the signal‐to‐noise ratio based approach and the Lagrange dual method, this nonconvex problem is solved efficiently. To reduce the calculation complexity, a suboptimal algorithm, which decouples the power allocation with the relay assignment and subcarrier pairing is further proposed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the advantage of the two proposed algorithms and the impact of relays' location and number of subcarriers on the secrecy performance. Moreover, it is shown that the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is decreased with respect to the number of untrusted relays.
Determination of coronal mass ejection orientation and consequences for their propagation
Authors: Martinić K. , Dumbović M. , Temmer M. , Veronig A. , Vršnak B. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field and features of the related ambient solar wind in the ecliptic and meridional plane are different. Therefore, one can expect that the orientation of the flux-rope axis of a coronal mass ejection (CME) influences the propagation of the CME itself. However, the determination of the CME orientation, especially from image data, remains a challenging task to perform.
Aim. This study aims to provide a reference to different CME orientation determination methods in the near-Sun environment. Also, it aims to investigate the non-radial flow in the sheath region of the interplanetary CME (ICME) in order to provide the first proxy to relate the ICME orientation with its propagation.
Methods. We investigated 22 isolated CME-ICME events in the period 2008–2015. We determined the CME orientation in the near-Sun environment using the following: (1) a 3D reconstruction of the CME with the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model applied to coronagraphic images provided by the STEREO and SOHO missions; and (2) an ellipse fitting applied to single spacecraft data from SOHO/LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs. In the near-Earth environment, we obtained the orientation of the corresponding ICME using in situ plasma and field data and also investigated the non-radial flow in its sheath region.
Results. The ability of GCS and ellipse fitting to determine the CME orientation is found to be limited to reliably distinguish only between the high or low inclination of the events. Most of the CME-ICME pairs under investigation were found to be characterized by a low inclination. For the majority of CME-ICME pairs, we obtain consistent estimations of the tilt from remote and in situ data. The observed non-radial flows in the sheath region show a greater y direction to z direction flow ratio for high-inclination events, indicating that the CME orientation could have an impact on the CME propagation.
Naturheilkundliche Behandlungsoptionen bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie besondere Bedeutung von Jod und Selen für die Schilddrüsenfunktion ist ein lohnendes Thema für alle Patienten, unabhängig davon, ob schon eine Schilddrüsenerkrankung vorliegt oder (noch) nicht. Aus komplementärmedizinischer Sicht bedient dieses Thema eine Schnittmenge aus Ordnungstherapie, Ernährungstherapie und Orthomolekularmedizin. Darüber hinaus stellt der Beitrag weitere naturheilkundliche Therapiebausteine vor, die im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit Beschwerden der Schilddrüse zum Einsatz kommen. Dort sind Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in den seltensten Fällen der Hauptgrund für einen stationären Aufenthalt, jedoch eine der häufigsten Nebendiagnosen. Nicht wenige Betroffene haben dabei Symptome, die auf eine Schilddrüsenüber- oder -unterfunktion hinweisen, obwohl die Schilddrüsenparameter laborchemisch im Normbereich liegen.
Die Nebennierenschwäche – Cortisoltagesprofil und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Huber Monika 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie erworbene funktionelle Nebennierenschwäche entsteht durch individuell zu lange anhaltende endogene oder exogene Stressfaktoren. Das Ergebnis langer Überlastung und Erschöpfung ist aussagefähig messbar mit einem Cortisoltagesprofil im Speichel. Für den Erfolg einer Therapie ist entscheidend, die wichtigsten Ursachen zu finden, kausal zu therapieren, Verhaltensänderungen herauszuarbeiten und die Nebenniere ganzheitlich-systemisch und bei Bedarf durch Substitution von bioidentischem Cortisol zu unterstützen.
Homöopathie bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Wahl einer homöopathischen Arznei sind meist weitere, ganz individuelle Symptome oder mögliche Auslöser, die gar nicht pathognomonisch für die jeweilige Erkrankung sind, anzeigend. Dies ist auch bei möglichen Mitteln zu Stoffwechselstörungen der Schilddrüse der Fall. Der Beitrag stellt homöopathische Arzneien vor, die aufgrund ihres Bezugs zu Schilddrüsenerkrankungen auf jeden Fall in Betracht gezogen werden sollten. Bei hyperthyreoter Stoffwechsellage kommen vor allem jodhaltige Mittel zum Einsatz, hypothyreote Schilddrüsenerkrankungen benötigen Mittel, die in erster Linie den Schwächezustand angehen. Nach der Vorstellung diverser Homöopathika mit Bezug zu Schilddrüsenerkrankungen gibt der Beitrag auch noch einen kleinen Überblick zum aktuellen Forschungsstand. Viele Studien kommen zu einer positiven Bewertung der Homöopathie, dennoch ist die Studienlage noch recht dünn, weswegen weitere Forschungsaktivitäten wünschenswert wären.
Der natürliche Schilddrüsenextrakt – eine echte Alternative?
Authors: Hermann Alina , Brada-Wallbrecher Josepha 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDer natürliche Schilddrüsenextrakt kann eine echte alternative Therapieoption darstellen für Patient*innen, die mit einer reinen synthetischen T4- oder einer T3/T4-Kombinationstherapie in ihrem Wohlbefinden nicht zufriedenstellend eingestellt werden können. Der pharmazeutische Wirkstoff Schilddrüsenextrakt kann durch seinen Gehalt an proteingebundenem T3 und T4 sowie den weiteren aktiven Wirkstoffen, wie Calcitonin und Schilddrüsenhormonvorstufen, zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patient*innen beitragen. Da kein zugelassenes Fertigarzneimittel auf dem deutschen Markt verfügbar ist, kann aus dem natürlichen Schilddrüsenextrakt ein patientenindividuelles Rezepturarzneimittel durch eine herstellungsaktive Apotheke auf Verordnung des Arztes/der Ärztin in individueller Dosierung hergestellt werden.
Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids from Cephalotaxus sinensis
Authors: Huang Jian , Chen Yang , Zhao Hongyi , Pan Huanhuan , Yao Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cephalotaxus diterpenoids are well known for their unique structures and biological activities. Cephanolides, as new cephalotane-type norditerpenoids isolated from Cephalotaxus sinensis, have attracted considerable attention from the synthetic community. The present Short Review summarizes strategic approaches toward the total synthesis of cephanolides from 2018 to 2021.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Approaches toward Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids2.1	First Total Synthesis of Cephanolides B and C by Zhao (2018)2.2	Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A–D by Sarpong (2021)2.3	Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Yang (2021)2.4	Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide A by Gao (2020)2.5	Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Gao (2021)2.6	Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A and B by Cai (2021)3	Conclusion and Perspectives
Rhodium-Catalyzed Stitching Reactions for the Facile Synthesis of Extended π-Conjugated Compounds
Authors: Shintani Ryo 
Published: April 2022

Abstractπ-Conjugated compounds have been extensively investigated as potentially useful organic materials, however, accessible structures are currently still limited, mainly due to the lack of efficient synthetic methods. In this regard, a new synthetic strategy termed the ‘stitching reaction’ has been recently devised that allows facile access to novel types of bridged π-conjugated compounds in a convergent manner under rhodium catalysis. In addition, this synthetic strategy has been successfully applied to the preparation of π-conjugated polymers that cannot be synthesized via existing methods. Herein an overview that includes the physical properties of newly synthesized π-conjugated compounds is provided. 1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Novel Fused Oligosiloles by the Stitching Reaction and Their Properties3	Synthesis of Hydrocarbon-Based Fused π-Conjugated Compounds by the Stitching Reaction4	Synthesis of New π-Conjugated Polymers by Stitching Polymerization5	Conclusion
Euryachincoside, a Novel Phenolic Glycoside with Anti-Hepatic Fibrosis Activity from Eurya chinensis
Authors: Li Bai-Lin , Liang Hui-Jun , Li Qian-Ran , Wang Qian , Ao Zhuo-Yi , Fan Yu-Wen , Zhang Wei-Jie , Lian Xin , Chen Jia-Yan , Yuan Jie , Wu Jie-Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEurya chinensis has been recorded as a folk medicine traditionally used for treatment of a variety of symptoms. However, the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of this plant are still scarce. A novel phenolic glycoside named Euryachincoside (ECS) was isolated by chromatographic separation from E. chinensis, and its chemical structure was identified by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Its anti-hepatic fibrosis effects were evaluated in both HSC-T6 (rat hepatic stellate cells) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice with Silybin (SLB) as the positive control. In an in vitro study, ECS showed little cytotoxicity and inhibited transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced Collagen I (Col1) along with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions in HSC-T6. An in vivo study suggested ECS significantly ameliorated hepatic injury, secretions of inflammatory cytokines, and collagen depositions. Moreover, ECS markedly mediated Smad2/3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways both in vitro and vivo. These present findings confirmed that ECS is a novel phenolic glycoside from E. chinensis with promising curative effects on hepatic fibrosis, and its mechanisms may include decreasing extracellular matrix accumulation, reducing inflammation and attenuating free radicals via Smad2/3, NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, which may shed light on the exploration of more effective phenolic glycoside-based anti-fibrotic agents.
Hepatic Arterioportal Fistula in Patients with Cirrhosis with Endovascular Management—A Series of 4 Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Chandel Karamvir , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Tara Prasad , Mukund Amar , Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHepatic arterioportal fistula (APF) in the setting of cirrhosis may aggravate the preexisting portal hypertension and its complications. Cirrhotic patients undergo various percutaneous invasive procedures and are at risk of developing an APF. These should be diagnosed early and should be treated accordingly at the earliest when indicated. Presently embolization is the treatment of choice with coil embolization as the most commonly used method. We describe four cases from our institute with a history of liver parenchymal disease and were found to have acquired APF on imaging. These were successfully managed with transarterial embolization with resolution or improvement in their clinical symptoms on follow-up. The present case series and review emphasize the importance of APF in the setting of liver parenchymal disease and the role of early diagnosis and therapeutic intravascular interventions.
Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcomes of Retinoblastoma in China
Authors: Tan Roland Joseph D. 
Published: April 2022

Background This review determined clinical features and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma patients in China, which ranks second in incidence globally and is among the countries listed to produce 4,000 new cases of the estimated world's retinoblastoma cases in 2023.
Methods A search was done using different databases for literatures on retinoblastoma in China published from 2010 to 2020. The articles were then reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and outcomes.
Results Ten articles that included 3,702 patients involving ∼4,412 eyes seen in China from 1957 to 2019 were analyzed. Median age at consult ranged from 18 to 30 months and mean lag of consultation was 4 to 6 months. More males were affected (58%). Seventy-nine percent had unilateral disease. Retinoblastoma was assumed intraocular in 4,123(89%) eyes with ≥996(22%) belonging to group E of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification/International Classification of Retinoblastoma. Extraocular extension was present in 415 (9%) eyes with 845 patients having direct extraocular extension, while 54 had distant metastasis. Enucleation was the most used treatment procedure specially in unilateral disease done in at least 2,781 (74%) eyes. Median follow-up period ranged from 14 to 47 months. Functional vision was retained in 48 (2%) eyes. Globe salvage rate for group A to D eyes ranged from 56 to 100%. Highest globe salvage rate for group D was 87% and 70% for group E. Overall survival rate was 1,655/1898 (87%), ranging from 81 to 100%. Overall mortality was 4%.
Discussion Clinical profile and management options for retinoblastoma in China changed overtime improving outcomes. Globe salvage and survival rate were high for those with intraocular disease.