bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of MinangKabau Dialect in Desa Kampung Baru (Pariaman) and Jorong Pasar Tanjung Gadang (Sijunjung)
Authors: Raflis Raflis , Afdhal Harjoeni 
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is a multi-ethnic country consist of various races religions, ethnic groips, cultures and language, in Minangkabau we can found in every area in Minangkabau, which are called dialects, one of them are the dialect of Desa Kampung Baru (Pariaman) and Jorong Pasar Tanjung Gadang (Sijunjung) Dialect. the differences of language in area region in Minangkabau influenced by cultural factors, geographical factors and socials factor, that make language become varied, therefore the the researcher interested to analysis about it and took the research about dialect, the title of this research is the comparison of Minangkabau Dialect between Desa Kampung Baru (Pariaman) and Jorong Pasar Tanjung Gadang (Sijunjung), aim to describe the differences on phonological (phoneme) and lexical dialects of the language in two regions of Minangkabau, speciallyat Desa Kampung Baru (Pariaman) and Jorong Pasar Tanjung Gadang (Sijunjung), the method used in this research qualitive descriptive, the technique used is the conversational by telephone calls and listening the informant to get the information about the phoneme that they speak, after that the researcher take note and then used of the data cross-checking technique. In this research a significance change in vocabulary was found, that are phoneme / a / changes into / o /, phoneme / r / changes into / w /, phoneme / r / changes into / y /, phoneme / a / changes into au, and phoneme / a / changes into / iu / and The uniqueness vocabulary changes.
Relationship Between A Premature Rupture Of Membranes And The Increase Of Leucocyte Levels In Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Margono Rinieta Sausan , Sukrisno Adi , Nugrohowati Nunuk , Lestari Winda 
Published: January 2022

Background: Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is a condition in which the membranes rupture before women’s delivery. The incidence of PROM in Indonesia is still quite high, around 4.5%-7.6% from all pregnancies. The incidence rate at DKI Jakarta in 2020 was 4.6% while at Pelni Hospital in the same year was 7.9%. The main cause of this incident was due to the occurrence of infection that spreads into the uterus and amniotic fluid as well as due to the inflammatory process. This causes arachidonic acid metabolism to be active so that the level of leucocytes in the blood being increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the incidence of PROM and leucocyte increasing levels at the Pelni Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Methods: The study had used analytic observational method with cross sectional approach. The number of samples were 97 people, done by simple random sampling technique, using Medical Records of respondents along year of 2020.
Results: Data showed the aged range of respondents were 20-35 years (79.4%); multigravida (53,6%); PROM (76.3%); respondents with method of delivery which done by cesarean section (71.1%); and respondents with PROM who experienced the increasing of leucocyte levels (80.4%). Results based on Chi-square test showed there was a relationship between PROM and increased leucocyte levels (p=0.036).
Conclusion: The relationship between PROM and the increasing of leucocyte levels to pregnant women at Pelni Hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 possibly caused by the presence of infections from ascending microorganisms.
Higher education and the Bologna Process in Azerbaijan
Authors: Джангиров А. 
Published: January 2022

Представляем вниманию читателя фрагмент книги А. Джангирова «Наше образование: из прошлого в будущее. Оптимистический взгляд» (научн. ред. Э. Аббасов; ред. М. Велиева, Р. Джангирова. Баку: Шарг-Гарб, 2021). В своем исследовании автор анализирует важные аспекты азербайджанского образования в широком международном контексте. Отличительная особенность книги – в необычной структуре, притягательность – в интерактивности. Методологические вопросы, сложные академические понятия изложены доступным языком, в диалогической форме обсуждений на виртуальных уроках. Учебное пособие А. Джангирова адресовано руководителям и специалистам сферы образования, преподавателям вузов и школ, студентам. В этом выпуске альманаха «Этнодиалоги» в сокращении публикуются уроки, посвященные специфике болонского процесса и реформам системы высшего образования в Азербайджанской Республике. Основу книги составляют опубликованные в 2008–2010 гг. тридцать «Субботних уроков», охватывающих все ступени и уровни образования. В рамках даны комментарии, отражающие произошедшие за 10–12 лет преобразования в азербайджанской системе образования и мировой практике.
We present to the reader a fragment of A. Djangirov’s book «Our Education: from the past to the future. An optimistic view» (scientific ed. by E. Abbasov; ed. by M. Veliev, R. Dzhangirov. Baku: Sharg-Garb, 2021). In his research, the author analyzes important aspects of Azerbaijani education in a broad international context. The distinctive feature of the book is in its unusual structure, the appeal is in its interactivity. Methodological issues, complex academic concepts are presented in a clear language, in a dialogical form of discussions in virtual lessons. In his textbook, A. Djangirov addresses to managers and specialists in the field of education, teachers of universities and schools, students.In this issue of the «Ethnodialogs» almanac, lessons on the specifics of the Bologna process and the reforms of the higher education system in the Republic of Azerbaijan are published in abbreviated form. The book is based on thirty «Saturday Lessons» published in 2008-2010, covering all stages and levels of education. Within the framework, the given comments are reflecting the transformations that have taken place over 10-12 years in the Azerbaijani education system and world practice.
Extreme Variability Quasars in Their Various States. I. The Sample Selection and Composite SDSS Spectra
Authors: Ren Wenke , Wang Junxian , Cai Zhenyi , Guo Hengxiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Extremely variable quasars (EVQs) are a population of sources showing large optical photometric variability revealed by time-domain surveys. The physical origin of such extreme variability is yet unclear. In this first paper of a series, we construct the largest-ever sample of 14,012 EVQs using more than 15 yr of photometric data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Pan-STARRS1. We divide the EVQs into five subsamples according to the relative brightness of each EVQ during SDSS spectroscopic observation compared with the mean brightness from photometric observations. Corresponding control samples of normal quasars are built with matched redshift, bolometric luminosity, and supermassive black hole mass. We obtain the composite SDSS spectra of EVQs in various states and their corresponding control samples. We find EVQs exhibit clearly bluer SDSS spectra during bright states and clearly redder spectra during dim states, consistent with the “bluer-when-brighter” trend widely seen in normal quasars. We further find that the line equivalent widths (EWs) of broad Mg II, C IV and [O III] (but not broad Hβ, which is yet puzzling) gradually decreases from the dim state to the bright state, similar to the so-called intrinsic Baldwin effect commonly seen in normal active galactic nuclei. In addition, EVQs have consistently larger line EWs compared with the control samples. We also see that EVQs show slight excess in the very broad line component compared with control samples. Possible explanations for the discoveries are discussed. Our findings support the hypothesis that EVQs are in the tail of a broad distribution of quasar properties but are not a distinct population.
Dense Molecular Clouds in the Crab Supernova Remnant
Authors: Wootten Alwyn , Bentley Rory O. , Baldwin J. , Combes F. , Fabian A. C. , Ferland G. J. , Loh E. , Salome P. , Shingledecker C. N. , Castro-Carrizo A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Molecular emission was imaged with ALMA from numerous components near and within bright H2-emitting knots and absorbing dust globules in the Crab Nebula. These observations provide a critical test of how energetic photons and particles produced in a young supernova remnant interact with gas, cleanly differentiating between competing models. The four fields targeted show contrasting properties but within them, seventeen distinct molecular clouds are identified with CO emission; a few also show emission from HCO+, SiO, and/or SO. These observations are compared with Cloudy models of these knots. It has been suggested that the Crab filaments present an exotic environment in which H2 emission comes from a mostly neutral zone probably heated by cosmic rays produced in the supernova surrounding a cool core of molecular gas. Our model is consistent with the observed CO J = 3 − 2 line strength. These molecular line emitting knots in the Crab Nebula present a novel phase of the ISM representative of many important astrophysical environments.
Gravity Investigation of Saturn’s Inner System with the Innovative Skimmer Concept
Authors: Parisi Marzia , Vaquero Mar , Hedman Matthew M. , Tiscareno Matthew S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an in-depth feasibility study of innovative gravity science measurements of Saturn’s inner system, which explores the different regions of the rings, the innermost moons, and the planet itself. The study is enabled by the novel Skimmer concept, where the spacecraft grazes repeatedly the rings over multiple passes. Because of the spacecraft’s proximity to the rings, the experiment allows for the determination of their radial density distribution with unprecedented accuracy. These observations are especially important for the B and F rings, whose masses are not well constrained. During the closest approaches to Saturn, the spacecraft is sensitive to its tidal perturbations measured by the Love number k
22, which holds key information about the interior structure of the planet. The orbit geometry also allows for close flybys of icy moons not explored by the Cassini mission from a gravity perspective. Specifically, we focus on the measurements of Mimas’s tidal perturbations, indicative of the presence of a submerged ocean under the icy surface. We perform precise numerical simulations of the gravity experiment and provide an account of the expected accuracies by means of a covariance analysis. The results are based on two trajectories of the Skimmer class which differ by altitude over the rings, proximity to Saturn, and number of passes. We find that the masses of the outer-ring regions are determined to better than 0.10 Mimas masses, with the case consisting of fewer but closer ring overflights generally yielding better accuracies. The 3σ uncertainty derived for Mimas’s k
2 is 0.02, after six close equatorial flybys.
Le /r/ de l’anglais dans le corpus IPCE-IPAC : Évaluation quantitative et qualitative des productions orales des apprenants francophones
Authors: Trifu-Dejeu Ioana , Herry-Bénit Nadine , Lopez Stéphanie 
Published: January 2022

La variabilité du /r/ dans la langue anglaise, ainsi que dans d’autres langues du monde, est depuis longtemps répandue et accréditée. Cette variabilité est d’autant plus susceptible d’exister chez les francophones apprenant l’anglais. Dans cette étude faisant partie du projet IPCE-IPAC, nous procédons, dans un premier temps, à la vérification du pourcentage de réalisation du /r/ en position de coda et d’attaque de syllabe, afin de nous familiariser avec le comportement instable de ce son. Nous investiguons donc, les prononciations du /r/ via un codage alphanumérique. Ensuite, nous analysons dans quelle mesure l’accent ciblé de l’anglais produit par les apprenants francophones est respecté, et quelles tâches de production à l’oral génèrent le plus de variations aux niveaux qualitatif et quantitatif. Une étude des contextes langagiers et des types de mots suscitant le plus d'erreurs, permettra de dégager des pistes de remédiation de la prononciation du /r/ chez les apprenants francophones.
Notes on Theories of Conservation – Colonialism, Obsolescence, Misreading
Authors: Santos Pedro Augusto Vieira 
Published: January 2022

Malgré les discussions récurrentes sur les enjeux théoriques et éthiques de la restauration, la production scientifique de ces dernières années révèle la difficulté de parvenir à des opinions et des formulations consensuelles – ce qui n'est pas un problème. Le problème est la fragilité de certaines de ces opinions ou de ces formulations, qui peut être justifiée par les fantômes qui hantent encore la production scientifique en général : le Colonialisme, l'Obsolescence et l'Interprétation erronée. Cet article vise à mettre en évidence ces problèmes et à tracer des pistes de solutions, à partir de commentaires sur des auteurs du domaine de la conservation, de l'analyse ponctuelle de leurs productions et de la manière dont leurs idées sont appropriées par les chercheurs du milieu.
Étudier les classes inversées en mathématiques. Préalables méthodologiques sur les cours : le cas particulier des « capsules »
Authors: Allard Cécile , Robert Aline 
Published: January 2022

En mathématiques, dans l’enseignement secondaire et universitaire, certains enseignants peuvent être considérés comme « inverseurs » au sens des cinq critères retenus dans la présentation du dossier, même si dans cette discipline se rencontre une grande diversité de pratiques d’inversion. Pour avancer sur le questionnement de ce type de dispositifs, qui mettent en jeu l’exposition des connaissances différemment de ce qui est fait en séances classiques, nous faisons un détour méthodologique. Nous inscrivant dans la théorie de l’activité, nous présentons des moyens spécifiques d’analyse des moments d’exposition des connaissances, quels qu’en soient les déroulements, en classe ou non. De quelques études menées en didactique des mathématiques sur ce sujet nous dégageons des premiers résultats communs. Une discussion sur des avantages et inconvénients des deux types de modalités d’exposition des connaissances, avec inversion ou non, termine ce travail. Cela nous amène à émettre des hypothèses sur l’inversion et ouvrir des perspectives sur un travail ultérieur plus développé.
Clinical outcomes of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Oh Dongwook , Seo Dong-Wan , Song Tae Jun , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung-Hwan 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives:
EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of pancreatic neoplasms. The role of EUS-RFA in the management of pancreatic cancer has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the survival impact of EUS-RFA in unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods:
Twenty-two patients (n = 14, locally advanced unresectable; n = 8, metastatic) with unresectable pancreatic cancer underwent EUS-RFA combined with subsequent chemotherapy between May 2016 and June 2019. Survival outcomes including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated.

Results:
EUS-RFA was successful in all patients. The median number of RFA sessions was 5 (interquartile range, [IQR], 3.25–5.75). After successful EUS-RFA, subsequent gemcitabine-based chemotherapy was performed. Early procedure-related adverse events occurred in 4 out of 107 sessions (3.74%), including peritonitis (n = 1) and abdominal pain (n = 3). During follow-up over a median of 21.23 months (IQR, 10.73–27.1), the median OS and PFS were 24.03 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16–35.8) and 16.37 months (95% CI, 8.87–19), respectively.

Conclusions:
EUS-RFA is technically feasible and safe for the management of unresectable pancreatic cancer. EUS-RFA combined with systemic chemotherapy may be associated with favorable survival outcomes. Further larger-scale prospective comparative study is required to confirm these findings.
EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct for the treatment of postoperative stenosis of pancreatico-digestive anastomosis or pancreatic duct stenosis complicating chronic pancreatitis: Experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Rudler Franz , Caillol Fabrice , Ratone Jean-Philippe , Pesenti Christian , Valats Jean-Christophe , Soloveyv Alexei , Giovannini Marc 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives:
For the treatment of pancreatic duct stenosis due to chronic pancreatitis (CP) or postoperative (PO) stenosis, endoscopic procedures are usually the first choice. In cases of failure of the recommended treatment by ERCP, anastomosis between the Wirsung duct and the stomach or duodenum can be performed under EUS guidance. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the outcomes of pancreatico-gastric or pancreaticoduodenal anastomosis under EUS for PO stenosis versus CP stenosis.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a retrospective, single-center, consecutive case study of patients who underwent EUS-guided Wirsungo-gastric/bulbar anastomosis.

Results:
Forty-three patients were included. Twenty-one patients underwent treatment for PO stenosis, and 22 patients underwent treatment for CP stenosis. The technical success rate was 95.3% (41/43), with 100% in cases of PO stenosis and 90.9% in cases of CP stenosis. The clinical success rate was 72.5% (29/40): 75% (15/20) in cases of PO stenosis and 70% (14/20) in cases of CP stenosis. The overall morbidity rate was 34.9% (15/43). The main complication was postprocedural pain, occurring in 20.9% (9/443) of patients. The rate of stent migration or obstruction was 27.9% (12/43). There was no difference in patient outcomes or morbidity according to the etiology of the stenosis. The median follow-up duration in this study was 14 months.

Conclusions:
EUS-guided Wirsungo-gastric/duodenal anastomosis is a feasible, minimally invasive, safe, and relatively effective procedure. The rates of technical success, clinical success, and complications were not different between patients with PO and CP stenosis. However, the follow-up period was too short to assess recurrent symptoms in these patients.
Deep Neck Abscess
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Lenka Smarita , Jena Pragnya Paramita 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Deep neck abscess is a life-threatening clinical entity. It can result in significant morbidity for the patients. Deep neck abscess continues to be commonly found in developing countries like India.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India from September 2016 to October 2021. The medical records of patients diagnosed with deep neck abscesses with an age range between 18 years and 65 years were reviewed. This study analyzes the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the deep neck abscess.

Results:
There was a predominance of male patients with deep neck abscesses (62.12%) and a mean age of 32.4 years. The most common clinical manifestation was fever (26.51%), followed by odynophagia (23.48%), neck swelling (20.45%), restricted neck movement (13.63%), otalgia (12.12%), trismus (11.36%), neck pain (10.60%), and stridor (2.27%). The peritonsillar abscess (28.78%) was the most commonly affected space of the deep neck abscess of this study. The important life-threatening complication in this study was stridor (2.27%).

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis, aggressive surgical intervention, and proper airway management are important factors for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with deep neck abscesses.
Preparation, characterization and stability of silver sulfadiazine nanoliposomes
Authors: Alkhatib Delia , Zelai Noha 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To prepare, characterize and investigate the stability and drug release profile of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) nanoliposomes as functions of pH, UV exposure, and/or heat.
Methods: Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) nanoliposomes were prepared. The stability and release properties of the free drug and nanoliposomal formulations of AgSD as functions of pH, UV exposure, and/or heat were analyzed. The analyses were performed at different time points.
Results: The results of characterization showed that acidic, basic and neutral silver sulfadiazine nano-liposomal suspensions (AgSD NLSs) were produced as stable homogenous formulations, as indicated by low polydispersity index (PDI) and high zeta potential. The three AgSD NLSs and AgSD were unstable under different heat and/or UV conditions. The pH tended to shift towards neutrality, starting from day 1. Silver sulfadiazine nanoliposomal suspensions (AgSD NLSs) and free drug (AgSD) exhibited similar release properties (100 % of the drug was released at day 12).
Conclusion: Incorporation of AgSD into nanoliposomes has no significant effect on the stability and in vitro release properties of the drug. This indicates that NLS did not change the physical characteristics of the drug. Studies that focus only on improving the lipophilicity of silver sulfadiazine may benefit from these results.
Inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of tanshinone IIA on human bladder cancer cell J82
Authors: Zhang Xianjun , Lu Ziwen , Piao Songzhe , Hong Tao 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic influence of tanshinone IIA on human bladder cancer cell J82, and the possible signal route involved.
Methods: Cell proliferative potential was measured using MTT assay, while the expressions of associated genes were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot assays.
Results: Tanshinone IIA decreased J82 cell survival rate by > 42 % and inactivated apoptosis by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal route. Moreover, it decreased Bcl-2, but upregulated caspase and Bax (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of TIIA on human bladder cancer suggests that TIIA can be developed into an anti-tumor agent.
Development and characterization of ceftriaxone in-situ gel-forming biodegradable parenteral depot system
Authors: Anum Kamil , Naureen Humaira , Masood-Ur-Rehman  , Riaz Tahzeeba , Sarwar Atif , Ahsan Aitzaz , Butt Erum , Noor-ul-Husnain  , Awais Sophia 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To design parenteral in-situ gel of ceftriaxone using poloxamer as a thermosensitive agent, Carbopol as a pH-sensitive polymer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer.
Method: Lyophilized ceftriaxone was added in solution form to enhance its solubility and stability. Several formulations were designed using poloxamer (P 188, F 127 and P 407) and Carbopol (934P and 940) in varying concentrations, out of which an optimized formulation was chosen on the basis of its gelling capacity and respective transit time. Drug content uniformity, sterility and stability were studied. Drug-polymer and polymer-polymer interaction were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Characterization of optimized formulation was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In-vitro release profile was determined by a modified Franz diffusion method.
Results: Optimized formulation Q2 was characterized for various physicochemical parameters and found to be stable. In-vitro release study showed first order release pattern. DSC thermograms revealed that the polymers were compatible with each other as no physicochemical interactions were observed. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD, p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Optimized formulation Q2 provided sustained release up to 10 days following first order release kinetics, and thus can be further developed for large-scale production.