bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Selective Metabolic Reprogramming as a Prospective PD‐L1 Depression Strategy to Reactivate Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhou Zaigang , Hou Jiting , Xiong Wei , Kim Heejeong , Chen Jiashe , Zheng Chunjuan , Jiang Xin , Yoon Juyoung , Shen Jianliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrently, the role of the lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, or dictyosome in the transcription and translation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is well revealed, but the role and function of mitochondria in the PD‐L1 expression in tumors is still not fully researched, making it hard to offer a novel PD‐L1 regulation strategy. In this research, it is newly revealed that mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) depression can be used as an effective PD‐L1 down‐regulation method. To offer an ideal and high‐effective tumor mitochondria‐targeted OXPHOS depression nanosystem, IR‐LND is prepared by conjugating mitochondria‐targeted heptamethine cyanine dye IR‐68 with mitochondrial complexes I and II depression agent lonidamine (LND), which then further self‐assembled with albumin (Alb) to form IR‐LND@Alb nanoparticles. By doing this, PD‐L1 expression in tumors is selectively and effectively depressed by IR‐LND@Alb nanoparticles. As expected, the anti‐tumor efficacy of such a PD‐L1 depression strategy is superior to conventional anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies. Interestingly, IR‐LND can also be served as a novel ideal promising photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug with self‐oxygen and self‐PD‐L1 regulation capacity. All in all, this tumor‐selective metabolic reprogramming platform to reactivate immunotherapy and sensitize for PDT effect, would open a new window for mitochondrial immunotherapy for cancer patients.
Formation and Growth Mechanism of Laminar Cu6Sn5 with Ultrafine Grains on Nanocrystalline Cu by Interfacial Reaction with Sn
Authors: Chen Shi , Ren Xiaolei , Qiao Yuanyuan , Du Yanfeng , Lai Yanqing , Zhao Ning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at Sn/polycrystalline Cu interface after liquid–solid reaction generally presents scallop‐like morphology and tends to ripen into large‐sized grains with texture feature. In this paper, the formation of laminar Cu6Sn5 on nanocrystalline (NC) Cu by interfacial reaction with liquid Sn is reported. The laminar Cu6Sn5 consists of stacked ultrafine grains, thickened in the manner of “nibbling” the NC Cu and shows randomly distributed orientations. With extended reaction time, the top Cu6Sn5 grains that are exposed to the liquid Sn transform into long‐rod‐like grains all along their <0001> direction, while the bottom Cu6Sn5 grains remain laminar and ultrafine. The formation and growth mechanism of the novel laminar Cu6Sn5 at the Sn/NC Cu interface as well as that of the rod‐like Cu6Sn5 are revealed from the aspects of atomic diffusion, nucleation, and grain merging. It is also found that the Cu3Sn IMC generated at the laminar Cu6Sn5/NC Cu interface is much thinner than that at the classic scallop‐like Cu6Sn5/polycrystalline Cu interface, showing no obvious formation of Kirkendall voids.
Conflicting Requirements for Transparency and Mechanical Stability in the Compound Eyes of Desert Locusts
Authors: Li Chuchu , Rajabi Hamed , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompound eyes of insects should be both thin and transparent to allow light to pass through, and at the same time mechanically stable to serve as exoskeleton. These conflicting requirements make the corneal cuticle an interesting example for studying cuticle biomechanics as well as for designing composite materials that seek similar properties. Here, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and nanoindentation are combined to investigate the microstructure, material composition, and material properties of the corneal cuticle of desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. The results suggest that a fully helicoidal architecture and large proportion of resilin in the corneal cuticle are likely to be adaptations for light transmission. Even though the corneal cuticle is resilin‐rich, its elastic modulus is at least three times higher than that previously reported for other resilin‐rich cuticles. This is likely due to the specific microstructure of the corneal cuticle with densely packed layers. This study presents one of a series of studies, in which multidisciplinary approaches are used to understand the link between the structure, material, property, and function in insect cuticle.
A Deep Neural Network Interface Potential for Li‐Cu Systems
Authors: Lai Genming , Jiao Junyu , Fang Chi , Zhang Ruiqi , Xu Xianqi , Sheng Liyuan , Jiang Yao , Ouyang Chuying , Zheng Jiaxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopper foil is one of the most commonly used current collector materials in Li metal batteries. However, many problems on the Li–Cu interface have not been effectively solved due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of Li–Cu interaction at the atomic scale. In this work, a deep neural network interface potential for Li‐Cu systems using neural networks combined with active learning strategies is developed. The potential shows excellent performances on the energy and force calculations, physical properties predictions, and structure explorations. Moreover, the study of the Li adsorption behaviors on the Cu surface demonstrates the accuracy of this potential in the investigation of the Li–Cu interface. This potential for the Li‐Cu systems provides an important opportunity to advance the understanding of interface problems in Li metal batteries.
Micromanufacturing of Geometrically and Dimensionally Precise Molecular Single‐Crystal Photonic Microresonators via Focused Ion Beam Milling
Authors: Pradeep Vuppu Vinay , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHighly reproducible manufacturing of organic optical crystals with well‐defined geometry and dimension is important to realize industrially relevant all‐organic microelectronic and nanophotonic components and photonic integrated circuits. Here, programmed shape and size alteration of square‐shaped perylene crystal resonators into circular disk and rectangular geometries is demonstrated using the focused‐ion‐beam milling technique. The fabricated smaller sized circular disk and rectangular crystal resonators display shape‐ and size‐dependent optical modes. Due to generality and high reproducibility, this processing technique can be also extended to other organic crystals to create optical components suitable for commercial nanophotonic device applications.
Antihypertension Nanoblockers Increase Intratumoral Perfusion of Sequential Cytotoxic Nanoparticles to Enhance Chemotherapy Efficacy against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Bian Suchen , Dong Haijiang , Zhao Long , Li Zequn , Chen Jian , Zhu Xingxin , Qiu Nasha , Jia Xing , Song Wenfeng , Li Zekuan , Zheng Shusen , Wang Hangxiang , Song Penghong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the worst prognosis types of tumors, is characterized by dense extracellular matrix, which compresses tumor vessels and forms a physical barrier to inhibit therapeutic drug penetration and efficacy. Herein, losartan, an antihypertension agent, is applied as a tumor stroma modulator and developed into a nanosystem. A series of lipophilic losartan prodrugs are constructed by esterification of the hydroxyl group on losartan to fatty acids. Based on the self‐assembly ability and hydrodynamic diameter, the losartan‐linoleic acid conjugate is selected for further investigation. To improve the stability in vivo, nanoassemblies are refined with PEGylation to form losartan nanoblocker (Los NB), and administered via intravenous injection for experiments. On murine models of pancreatic cancer, Los NB shows a greater ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment than free losartan, including stromal depletion, vessel perfusion increase, and hypoxia relief. Furthermore, Los NB pretreatment remarkably enhances the accumulation and penetration of 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN38)‐loaded nanodrugs (SN38 NPs) in tumor tissues. Expectedly, overall therapeutic efficacy of SN38 NPs is significantly enhanced after Los NB pretreatment. Since losartan is one of the most commonly used antihypertension agents, this study may provide a potential for clinical transformation in stroma‐rich PDAC treatment.
Blood‐Lymphatic Integrated System with Heterogeneous Melanoma Spheroids via In‐Bath Three‐Dimensional Bioprinting for Modelling of Combinational Targeted Therapy
Authors: Cho Won‐Woo , Ahn Minjun , Kim Byoung Soo , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough metastatic melanoma can be managed with chemotherapy, its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy remain poorly understood. In addition to the spread of melanoma in the bloodstream, melanoma‐stroma interaction and the lymphatic system play active roles in said heterogeneity and resistance, leading to its progression and metastasis. Reproducing the complexities of the melanoma microenvironment in vitro will help understanding its progression and enhance the translatability of potential cancer therapeutics. A blood‐lymphatic integrated system with heterogeneous melanoma spheroids (BLISH) using the in‐bath bioprinting process is developed. The process uniformly prints size‐controllable metastatic melanoma spheroids along with biomimetic blood and lymphatic vessels (LVs). The system reproduces hallmark events of metastatic melanoma, such as tumor stroma interaction, melanoma invasion, and intravasation. The application of the system to investigate the anticancer effect of combinational targeted therapy suggests that it can be used to study the pathophysiology of melanoma and improve the accuracy of drug response monitoring in skin cancer.
Machine Learning Reveals a General Understanding of Printability in Formulations Based on Rheology Additives
Authors: Nadernezhad Ali , Groll Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogel ink formulations based on rheology additives are becoming increasingly popular as they enable 3‐dimensional (3D) printing of non‐printable but biologically relevant materials. Despite the widespread use, a generalized understanding of how these hydrogel formulations become printable is still missing, mainly due to their variety and diversity. Employing an interpretable machine learning approach allows the authors to explain the process of rendering printability through bulk rheological indices, with no bias toward the composition of formulations and the type of rheology additives. Based on an extensive library of rheological data and printability scores for 180 different formulations, 13 critical rheological measures that describe the printability of hydrogel formulations, are identified. Using advanced statistical methods, it is demonstrated that even though unique criteria to predict printability on a global scale are highly unlikely, the accretive and collaborative nature of rheological measures provides a qualitative and physically interpretable guideline for designing new printable materials.
Potential‐Mediated Recycling of Copper From Brackish Water by an Electrochemical Copper Pump
Authors: Deng Hai , Wei Wenfei , Yao Lei , Zheng Zijian , Li Bei , Abdelkader Amr , Deng Libo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopper ions (Cu2+) disposed to the environment at massive scale pose severe threat to human health and waste of resource. Electrochemical deionization (EDI) which captures ions by electrical field is a promising technique for water purification. However, the removal capacity and selectivity toward Cu2+ are unsatisfying, yet the recycling of the captured copper in EDI systems is yet to be explored. Herein, an efficient electrochemical copper pump (ECP) that can deliver Cu2+ from dilute brackish water into much more concentrated solutions is constructed using carbon nanosheets for the first time, which works based on reversible electrosorption and electrodeposition. The trade‐off between the removal capacity and reversibility is mediated by the operation voltage. The ECP exhibits a removal capacity of 702.5 mg g−1 toward Cu2+ and a high selectivity coefficient of 64 for Cu2+/Na+ in the presence of multiple cations; both are the highest reported to date. The energy consumption of 1.79 Wh g–1 is among the lowest for EDI of copper. More importantly, the Cu species captured can be released into a 20‐fold higher concentrated solution. Such a high performance is attributed to the optimal potential distribution between the two electrodes that allows reversible electrodeposition and efficient electrosorption.
High Entropy van der Waals Materials
Authors: Ying Tianping , Yu Tongxu , Qi Yanpeng , Chen Xiaolong , Hosono Hideo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBy breaking the restrictions on traditional alloying strategy, the high entropy concept has promoted the exploration of the central area of phase space, thus broadening the horizon of alloy exploitation. This review highlights the marriage of the high entropy concept and van der Waals systems to form a new family of materials category, namely the high entropy van der Waals materials (HEX, HE = high entropy, X = anion clusters) and describes the current issues and next challenges. The design strategy for HEX has integrated the local feature (e.g., composition, spin, and valence states) of structural units in high entropy materials and the holistic degrees of freedom (e.g., stacking, twisting, and intercalating species) in van der Waals materials, and is successfully used for the discovery of high entropy dichalcogenides, phosphorus tri‐chalcogenides, halogens, and MXene. The rich combination and random distribution of the multiple metallic constituents on the nearly regular 2D lattice give rise to a flexible platform to study the correlation features behind a range of selected physical properties, e.g., superconductivity, magnetism, and metal–insulator transition. The deliberate design of structural units and their stacking configuration can also create novel catalysts to enhance their performance in a bunch of chemical reactions.
Gas‐Sensitive Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials for Self‐Powered Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Zhao Jiamin , Cai Chenchen , Qin Ying , Meng Xiangjiang , Liu Yanhua , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGas‐sensitive materials are capable of dynamic identification and content monitoring of specific gases in the environment, and their applications in the field of gas sensing are promising. However, weak adsorption properties are the main challenge limiting the application of gas‐sensitive materials. A highly adsorbent gas‐sensitive cellulose nanofibril (CNF)‐based triboelectric material with a layered structure is prepared here and it is applied to self‐powered gas sensing. The layered structure of the triethoxy‐1H,1H,2H,2H‐tridecafluoro‐n‐octylsilane cellulose nanofiber (PFOTES‐CNF)‐based gas‐sensitive material further enhances the adsorption of the material due to electrostatic adsorption in the electrostatic field induced by triboelectricity. It is found that the ammonia‐sensitive material obtained by loading Ti3C2Tx in PFOTES‐CNF has a fast response/recovery (12/14 s), high sensitivity response (Vair/Vgas = 2.1), high selectivity response (37.6%), and low detection limit (10 ppm) for 100 ppm of ammonia gas. In addition, the ammonia‐sensitive CNF‐based triboelectric material can accurately identify NH3 concentration changes in the range of 10–120 ppm and transmit the signal wirelessly to the user interface, facilitating real‐time online monitoring of NH3 in the environment. A novel strategy is provided here for designing and preparing high‐performance gas‐sensitive composites and the analysis of self‐powered gas sensing is guided.
Advances in Biomimetic Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xu Shaohan , Shen Qi , Zheng Jingui , Wang Zhiming , Pan Xun , Yang Nianjun , Zhao Guohua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmerging photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) systems synergize the advantages of electrocatalysis (EC) and photocatalysis (PC) and are considered a green and efficient approach to CO2 conversion. However, improving the selectivity and conversion rate remains a major challenge. Strategies mimicking natural photosynthesis provide a prospective way to convert CO2 with high efficiency. Herein, several typical strategies are described for constructing biomimetic photoelectric functional interfaces; such interfaces include metal cocatalysts/semiconductors, small molecules/semiconductors, molecular catalysts/semiconductors, MOFs/semiconductors, and microorganisms/semiconductors. The biomimetic PEC interface must have enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity, preferentially activate CO2, and have an efficient conversion ability; with these properties, it can activate CO bonds effectively and promote electron transfer and CC coupling to convert CO2 to single‐carbon or multicarbon products. Interfacial electron transfer and proton coupling on the biomimetic PEC interface are also discussed to clarify the mechanism of CO2 reduction. Finally, the existing challenges and perspectives for biomimetic photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction are presented.
Reconfigurable Complementary and Combinational Logic Based on Monolithic and Single‐Crystalline Al‐Si Heterostructures
Authors: Böckle Raphael , Sistani Masiar , Bažíková Martina , Wind Lukas , Sadre‐Momtaz Zahra , den Hertog Martien I. , Murphey Corban G. E. , Cahoon James F. , Weber Walter M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal‐semiconductor heterostructures providing geometrically reproducible and abrupt Schottky nanojunctions are highly anticipated for the realization of emerging electronic technologies. This specifically holds for reconfigurable field‐effect transistors, capable of dynamically altering the operation mode between n‐ or p‐type even during run‐time. Targeting the enhancement of fabrication reproducibility and electrical balancing between operation modes, here a nanoscale Al‐Si‐Al nanowire heterostructure with single elementary, monocrystalline Al leads and sharp Schottky junctions is implemented. Utilizing a three top‐gate architecture, reconfiguration on transistor level is enabled. Having devised symmetric on‐currents as well as threshold voltages for n‐ and p‐type operation as a necessary requirement to exploit complementary reconfigurable circuits, selected implementations of logic gates such as inverters and combinational wired‐AND gates are reported. In this respect, exploiting the advantages of the proposed multi‐gate transistor architecture and offering additional logical inputs, the device functionality can be expanded by transforming a single transistor into a logic gate. Importantly, the demonstrated Al‐Si material system and thereof shown logic gates show high compatibility with state‐of‐the‐art complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology. Additionally, exploiting reconfiguration at the device level, this platform may pave the way for future adaptive computing systems with low‐power consumption and reduced footprint, enabling novel circuit paradigms.
Revealing the Role, Mechanism, and Impact of AlF3 Coatings on the Interphase of Silicon Thin Film Anodes
Authors: Adhitama Egy , van Wickeren Stefan , Neuhaus Kerstin , Frankenstein Lars , Demelash Feleke , Javed Atif , Haneke Lukas , Nowak Sascha , Winter Martin , Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Placke Tobias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon (Si) holds great promise as an anode material for high energy density lithium ion batteries owing to its theoretical capacity of up to 3579 mAh g−1. However, this potential comes at the expense of major challenges, because the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at Si anodes hardly provides long‐term protection due to severe volume expansion. Yet, when it comes to the SEI, the formation mechanism is not thoroughly understood. Here, thin AlF3 coatings are deposited on Si thin film to stabilize the SEI. To evaluate the SEI, systematic observation utilizing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed at different (de‐)lithiation states, allowing stage‐by‐stage analysis to reveal the role, mechanism, and impact of AlF3 coating. Results show that the capacity retention is significantly improved for 90% after 100 cycles. The transformation of AlF3 into Li‐Al‐F compounds, as confirmed by ion chromatography, is responsible for an enhanced performance due to its high ionic conductivity. Moreover, the SEI of coated Si thin films is rich in inorganic species (i.e., LiF) which is beneficial to prevent electrons to pass through. This work will deepen the understanding of SEI on Si anodes with respect to the coating approach, suggesting future directions to improve coating layers on Si.
Advances on Defect Engineering of Vanadium‐Based Compounds for High‐Energy Aqueous Zinc–Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Cong , Yi Shanjun , Si Rui , Xi Baojuan , An Xuguang , Liu Jie , Li Jingfa , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs) have been promptly developed as a competitive and promising system for future large‐scale energy storage. In recent years, vanadium (V)‐based compounds, with diversity of valences and high electrochemical‐activity, have been widely studied as cathodes for aqueous ZIBs because of their rich reserves and high theoretical capacity. However, the stubborn issues including low conductivity and sluggish kinetics, plague their smooth application in aqueous ZIBs. Among various countermeasures, defect engineering is believed as an effective method to alleviate the above limitations. This review highlights the challenges of different V‐based cathode materials (e.g., vanadium oxides and vanadates) and summarizes the advances in defect engineering strategies including types and effects of the defects, designed strategies, and characterization techniques for high‐energy ZIBs. Finally, several sound prospects in this fervent field are also rationally proposed for fundamental research and practical application.
Northern pike (Esox lucius) young‐of‐year gut microbiota and associations with wetland nursery water microbial communities in the St. Lawrence River
Authors: Gallo Benjamin D. , Farrell John M. , Leydet Brian F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe core‐microbiome hypothesis postulates that key fish gut microbiota develop independently from the environment they exist in. Fish nursery habitats serve as critical environments early in ontogeny that support fish growth and development, but their relationship to the development of gut microbiota is poorly understood. We compared gut microbiota of first growing season northern pike (Esox lucius) and source water from two spatially distinct nursery wetlands to examine their potential association and as a field test of the core‐microbiome hypothesis. Microbial communities within the pike hindguts and associated water column samples were characterized through metabarcoding and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. As expected, community level non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed significant separation in microbial community composition between fish and water samples. Unifrac distances indicated no significant dissimilarity among fish gut and source water combinations compared to fish gut samples pairwise tested with non‐source water samples, suggesting similar patterns of in vivo selection of the gut microbiome. This was consistent among habitats for three of four dominant hindgut bacterial genera (Aeromonasspp.,Clostridium sensu stricto, andPlesiomonasspp.).Cetobacteriumspp. was an exception, where they dominated fish guts in one wetland system. Because these four‐core gut microbiota were only minor components of the source water environment, it is possible that environmental exposure is a selective process in the developing fish gut. Further experimental and field research with examination of the influence of diet is needed to isolate mechanisms involved in gut microbiome development in freshwater fishes.