bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated ceramides metabolism by fatty acid 2-hydroxylase exposes a metabolic vulnerability to target cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhou Xuantong , Huang Furong , Ma Gang , Wei Wenqing , Wu Nan , Liu Zhihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhereas it is appreciated that cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to survive and propagate, the roles of lipid metabolism in metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a pulmonary metastasis model, we find that the enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), which catalyzes the hydroxylation of free fatty acids (FAs), is enriched in a subpopulation of ESCC cells with high metastatic potential, and that FA2H knockdown markedly mitigates metastatic lesions. Moreover, increased FA2H expression is positively associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC. Lipidomics analysis identifies that two dihydroceramides—Cer(d18:0/24:0) and Cer(d18:0/24:1)—are increased in FA2H-depleted metastasizing ESCC cells. Upon administration, Cer(d18:0/24:0) and Cer(d18:0/24:1) impair the formation of overt metastases in a mouse experimental metastasis model. Then, forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) and FA2H are found to be co-upregulated in metastatic ESCC cell populations and ESCC specimens, and FA2H expression is further experimentally verified to be transcriptionally induced by FOXC2, which is boosted per se by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), a critical pro-metastasis cytokine in the tumour microenvironment, in metastasizing cells. Together, these results demonstrate that TNFα-FOXC2-FA2H is a novel signaling axis to promote metastasis, and its downstream dihydroceramide products could be promising drugs to intervene in metastasis.
Direct synthesis of cyanate anion from dinitrogen catalysed by molybdenum complexes bearing pincer-type ligand
Authors: Itabashi Takayuki , Arashiba Kazuya , Egi Akihito , Tanaka Hiromasa , Sugiyama Keita , Suginome Shun , Kuriyama Shogo , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDinitrogen is an abundant and promising material for valuable organonitrogen compounds containing carbon–nitrogen bonds. Direct synthetic methods for preparing organonitrogen compounds from dinitrogen as a starting reagent under mild reaction conditions give insight into the sustainable production of valuable organonitrogen compounds with reduced fossil fuel consumption. Here we report the catalytic reaction for the formation of cyanate anion (NCO−) from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. A molybdenum–carbamate complex bearing a pyridine-based 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-pincer ligand is synthesized from the reaction of a molybdenum–nitride complex with phenyl chloroformate. The conversion between the molybdenum–carbamate complex and the molybdenum–nitride complex under ambient reaction conditions is achieved. The use of samarium diiodide (SmI2) as a reductant promotes the formation of NCO− from the molybdenum–carbamate complex as a key step. As a result, we demonstrate a synthetic cycle for NCO− from dinitrogen mediated by the molybdenum–PNP complexes in two steps. Based on this synthetic cycle, we achieve the catalytic synthesis of NCO− from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions.
On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering
Authors: Prehal Christian , von Mentlen Jean-Marc , Drvarič Talian Sara , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert , Amenitsch Heinz , Porcar Lionel , Freunberger Stefan A. , Wood Vanessa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that reversibly convert molecular sulfur (S) into lithium sulfide (Li2S) via soluble polysulfides (PSs) formation impedes the development of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to track the nucleation, growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during real-time Li-S cell operation. In particular, stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantifying the nanoscale phase evolution during battery cycling. We show that next to nano-crystalline Li2S the deposit comprises solid short-chain PSs particles. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that initially, Li2S2 precipitates from the solution and then is partially converted via solid-state electroreduction to Li2S. We further demonstrate that mass transport, rather than electron transport through a thin passivating film, limits the discharge capacity and rate performance in Li-S cells.
Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain
Authors: Charlton Sophy , Brace Selina , Hajdinjak Mateja , Kearney Rebecca , Booth Thomas , Reade Hazel , Tripp Jennifer A. , Sayle Kerry L. , Grimm Sonja B. , Bello Silvia M. , Walker Elizabeth A. , Gilardet Alexandre , East Philip , Glocke Isabelle , Larson Greger , Higham Tom , Stringer Chris , Skoglund Pontus , Barnes Ian , Stevens Rhiannon E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenetic investigations of Upper Palaeolithic Europe have revealed a complex and transformative history of human population movements and ancestries, with evidence of several instances of genetic change across the European continent in the period following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Concurrent with these genetic shifts, the post-LGM period is characterized by a series of significant climatic changes, population expansions and cultural diversification. Britain lies at the extreme northwest corner of post-LGM expansion and its earliest Late Glacial human occupation remains unclear. Here we present genetic data from Palaeolithic human individuals in the United Kingdom and the oldest human DNA thus far obtained from Britain or Ireland. We determine that a Late Upper Palaeolithic individual from Gough's Cave probably traced all its ancestry to Magdalenian-associated individuals closely related to those from sites such as El Mirón Cave, Spain, and Troisième Caverne in Goyet, Belgium. However, an individual from Kendrick's Cave shows no evidence of having ancestry related to the Gough’s Cave individual. Instead, the Kendrick’s Cave individual traces its ancestry to groups who expanded across Europe during the Late Glacial and are represented at sites such as Villabruna, Italy. Furthermore, the individuals differ not only in their genetic ancestry profiles but also in their mortuary practices and their diets and ecologies, as evidenced through stable isotope analyses. This finding mirrors patterns of dual genetic ancestry and admixture previously detected in Iberia but may suggest a more drastic genetic turnover in northwestern Europe than in the southwest.
ROCK1/MLC2 inhibition induces decay of viral mRNA in BPXV infected cells
Authors: Kumar Ram , Chander Yogesh , Khandelwal Nitin , Verma Assim , Rawat Krishan Dutt , Shringi Brij N. , Pal Yash , Tripathi Bhupendra N. , Barua Sanjay , Kumar Naveen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) intracellular cell signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, polarity, and cytoskeletal remodeling. We observed the activation of ROCK1/myosin light chain (MLC2) signaling pathway in buffalopox virus (BPXV) infected Vero cells. ROCK1 depletion by siRNA and specific small molecule chemical inhibitors (Thiazovivin and Y27632) resulted in a reduced BPXV replication, as evidenced by reductions in viral mRNA/protein synthesis, genome copy numbers and progeny virus particles. Further, we demonstrated that ROCK1 inhibition promotes deadenylation of viral mRNA (mRNA decay), mediated via inhibiting interaction with PABP [(poly(A)-binding protein] and enhancing the expression of CCR4-NOT (a multi-protein complex that plays an important role in deadenylation of mRNA). In addition, ROCK1/MLC2 mediated cell contraction, and perinuclear accumulation of p-MLC2 was shown to positively correlate with viral mRNA/protein synthesis. Finally, it was demonstrated that the long-term sequential passage (P = 50) of BPXV in the presence of Thiazovivin does not select for any drug-resistant virus variants. In conclusion, ROCK1/MLC2 cell signaling pathway facilitates BPXV replication by preventing viral mRNA decay and that the inhibitors targeting this pathway may have novel therapeutic effects against buffalopox.
Artificial intelligence for online characterization of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses
Authors: Dingel Kristina , Otto Thorsten , Marder Lutz , Funke Lars , Held Arne , Savio Sara , Hans Andreas , Hartmann Gregor , Meier David , Viefhaus Jens , Sick Bernhard , Ehresmann Arno , Ilchen Markus , Helml Wolfram 
Published: October 2022

AbstractX-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world’s brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena such as localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes has been, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time–energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics even at high-repetition-rate XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific accessibility in all related disciplines.
Changes in the spatial and temporal characteristics of China’s arid region in the background of ENSO
Authors: Qi Zhanshuo , Cui Chenfeng , Jiang Yutong , Chen Yue , Ju Juanli , Guo Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArid regions are sensitive to changes in precipitation, while El Niño-Southern Oscillation strongly influences worldwide hydrometeorological processes. Temporal and spatial changes of characteristics including precipitation, annual mean temperature and area in China's arid region were analyzed, using daily precipitation and temperature data from 117 meteorological stations of 1961–2016. The results show that: (1) The arid region is getting warmer and wetter. During the past 56 years, the precipitation in the arid region have shown an increasing trend. The annual and quarterly precipitation all exist a cycle of about 4 years. There is a negative correlation between the area of the arid region and the annual mean temperature, which is significant at the 0.01 level. (2) The area of arid region has been on a downward trend since 1968, and there was a mutation in 1992. There are three main cycles of 24 years, 13 years and 5 years in the area of the arid region. During the study period, the spatial center of the arid region’s precipitation moved 0.14° to the north and 0.77° to the east. (3) The response of precipitation to ENSO is different between the eastern and the western arid region. El Niño events increased the area of China’s arid region in El Niño years and La Niña events increased the precipitation of China’s arid region in La Niña years. The response of China’s arid region to ENSO in the first half of the following year is opposite and the response in spring is the most significant. To sum up, in El Niño years the eastern arid region increased in area and precipitation, while in La Niña years the western arid region decreased in area and the eastern arid region increased in precipitation, which was related to the eastward movement of the spatial center of the precipitation.
Visual–Auditory Integration and High-Variability Speech Can Facilitate Mandarin Chinese Tone Identification
Authors: Wei Yanjun , Jia Lin , Gao Fei , Wang Jianqin 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Previous studies have demonstrated that tone identification can be facilitated when auditory tones are integrated with visual information that depicts the pitch contours of the auditory tones (hereafter, visual effect). This study investigates this visual effect in combined visual–auditory integration with high- and low-variability speech and examines whether one's prior tonal-language learning experience shapes the strength of this visual effect.

Method:
Thirty Mandarin-naïve listeners, 25 Mandarin second language learners, and 30 native Mandarin listeners participated in a tone identification task in which participants judged whether an auditory tone was rising or falling in pitch. Moving arrows depicted the pitch contours of the auditory tones. A priming paradigm was used with the target auditory tones primed by four multimodal conditions: no stimuli (A−V−), visual-only stimuli (A−V+), auditory-only stimuli (A+V−), and both auditory and visual stimuli (A+V+).

Results:

For Mandarin naïve listeners, the visual effect in accuracy produced under the cross-modal integration (A+V+ vs. A+V−) was superior to a unimodal approach (A−V+ vs. A−V−), as evidenced by a higher
d
prime of A+V+ as opposed to A+V−. However, this was not the case in response time. Additionally, the visual effect in accuracy and response time under the unimodal approach only occurred for high-variability speech, not for low-variability speech. Across the three groups of listeners, we found that the less tonal-language learning experience one had, the stronger the visual effect.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed the visual–auditory advantage and disadvantage of the visual effect and the joint contribution of visual–auditory integration and high-variability speech on facilitating tone perception via the process of speech symbolization and categorization.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357729
Subcortical and Cortical Electrophysiological Measures in Children With Speech-in-Noise Deficits Associated With Auditory Processing Disorders
Authors: Hussain Reesha Oovattil , Kumar Prawin , Singh Niraj Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the subcortical and cortical auditory evoked potentials for speech stimuli in children with speech-in-noise (SIN) deficits associated with auditory processing disorder (APD) without any reading or language deficits.

Method:
The study included 20 children in the age range of 9–13 years. Ten children were recruited to the APD group; they had below-normal scores on the speech-perception-in-noise test and were diagnosed as having APD. The remaining 10 were typically developing (TD) children and were recruited to the TD group. Speech-evoked subcortical (brainstem) and cortical (auditory late latency) responses were recorded and compared across both groups.

Results:
The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the amplitudes of the subcortical potentials (both for stimulus in quiet and in noise) and the magnitudes of the spectral components (fundamental frequency and the second formant) in children with SIN deficits in the APD group compared to the TD group. In addition, the APD group displayed enhanced amplitudes of the cortical potentials compared to the TD group.

Conclusion:
Children with SIN deficits associated with APD exhibited impaired coding/processing of the auditory information at the level of the brainstem and the auditory cortex.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357735
A Survey of Midwestern School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Confidence in Providing Literacy Services
Authors: Marble-Flint Karissa J. , Schneider-Cline Whitney , Brumbaugh Klaire M. , Chavira Judydiana C. , Parham Douglas F. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Literacy instruction is within the scope of practice of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and is a documented service provided among school-based SLPs. The purpose of this investigation was to replicate Davis and Murza's (2019) study of Virginia school-based SLPs in another geographic location. This study gathered information regarding Midwestern SLPs' knowledge of disciplinary literacy and confidence providing services to school-aged children and adolescents with literacy goals and aligning their practice to educational standards.

Method:
Ninety-nine Midwestern school-based SLPs completed a 26-question online survey. The survey was replicated from Davis and Murza's (2019) investigation with a modification to include additional demographic information about participants.

Results:

The majority of school-based SLPs in this study were not familiar with the term
disciplinary literacy
but desired continuing education on the topic. A moderate relationship was found between SLPs' confidence in their ability to implement language therapy that impacts students' literacy achievement in both kindergarten through third grade and fourth through fifth grades, and the percentage of students on caseload with Individualized Education Program goals connected to literacy achievement.

Conclusions:
When compared to Davis and Murza's (2019) study, there are similarities noted, such as Midwestern SLPs are not completely comfortable or confident with implementing literacy intervention. The differences between these two studies exist in the relationship between experience and confidence in supporting literacy achievement. Additional information about the preprofessional coursework offerings, particularly those focused on adolescents, is of interest for future studies to understand the potential impacts on SLPs' confidence levels.
Home and School Literacy Experiences in Preschool-Age Children With Developmental Disabilities: Identifying Relationships Between Speech, Language, and Early Literacy Skills
Authors: Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Sevcik Rose A. , Romski MaryAnn , Collins Sara C. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Literacy instruction at home and in school, in addition to child speech and language ability, plays an essential role in reading development. The relationship between these factors in children with developmental disabilities during preschool is important to identify and describe in order to develop and test interventions that target instructional supports. This study examines the relationship between parent perceptions of literacy experiences at home and in school and speech, language, and literacy skills in children with developmental disabilities in preschool.

Method:
Child factors of speech ability, expressive and receptive language and vocabulary comprehension, phonological awareness, and print knowledge in 38 preschool-age children with developmental disabilities between the ages of 48 and 69 months were assessed. Home and school literacy experiences were reported via parent questionnaires. Relationships between child factors and home and school experiences were evaluated.

Results:
Parents reported frequent shared literacy engagement regardless of speech ability or receptive language skills. In school, parents reported that teachers engaged in activities of decoding and word recognition and used technology and/or augmentative and alternative communication at least weekly for instruction, but rarely for writing. Speech ability was significantly correlated with access to technology for instruction, with children who had greater speech ability provided with greater access to technology.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that parents of young children with developmental disabilities shared positive perceptions of the role reading together plays in language and literacy development and read together frequently. At school, more limited access to reading instruction was reported. Speech-language pathologists, teachers, and parents each play important roles in providing access to foundational literacy activities during preschool for children with developmental disabilities.
Quasi-spherical superclusters
Authors: Heinämäki P. , Teerikorpi P. , Douspis M. , Nurmi P. , Einasto M. , Gramann M. , Nevalainen J. , Saar E. 
Published: October 2022

Context.Superclusters are systems with varied properties and varied fractional overdensities. Their dynamical state evolves under the influence of two components: dark energy and gravitational force. The dominant component at any spatial location and cosmic epoch is determined by the total mass and the local overdensity of the system. However, generally the dynamical state of superclusters is poorly known.Aims.We study properties of superclusters and select a sample of quasi-spherical superclusters, the dynamics of which can be studied using the Λ significance diagram.Methods.We extracted our supercluster sample with an adaptive local threshold density method from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) data and estimated their masses using the dynamical masses for member galaxies and groups. We used topological analysis based on Minkowski functionals and the positions of galaxies and galaxy groups in superclusters. Finally, we highlight the dynamical state of a few exceptional types of superclusters found in this study using the Λ significance diagram.Results.Our final sample contains 65 superclusters in the distance range of 130−450 Mpc. Supercluster masses range between 1.1 × 1015 M⊙and 1.4 × 1016 M⊙and sizes between 25 Mpc and 87 Mpc. We find that pancake-type superclusters form the low-luminosity, small, poor and low-mass end of superclusters. We find four superclusters of unusual types, exhibiting exceptionally spherical shapes. These so-called quasi-spherical systems contain a high-density core surrounded by a relatively spherical density and galaxy distribution. The mass-to-light ratio of these quasi-sphericals is higher than those of the other superclusters, suggesting a relatively high dark matter content. Using the Λ significance diagram for oblate and prolate spheroids, we find that three quasi-spherical superclusters are gravitationally bound at the present epoch.Conclusions.Quasi-spherical superclusters are among the largest gravitationally bound systems found to date, and form a special class of giant systems that, dynamically, are in between large gravitationally unbound superclusters and clusters of galaxies in an equilibrium configuration.