bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of parameter effects on cefoperazone treatability with new generation anodes
Authors: Kurt Ayşe , Yonar Taner 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study it was aimed to investigate the treatability of cefoperazone with new generation Sb-doped SnO2-Ni anodes. For this purpose, it was studied with Sn/Sb/Ni: 500/8/1 anodes for the oxidation of aqueous solution containing cefoperazone antibiotic by addition of different types of electrolyte. Potassium chloride was found as the best electrolyte type affecting the electrochemical reactions positively even at lower concentrations (750 mg/L−1). At pH 8 the best results were obtained, which is the neutral pH value of the aqueous solution. 50 mA/cm2was found as the best value for current density parameter, providing full mineralization just after 60 min of reaction. The removal efficiencies increased generally with the increase of current density, because active oxidants occur increasingly at higher current values. According to the results of the study it was seen that, electrochemical oxidation processes with Sn/Sb/Ni–Ti anodes could be carried out efficiently without need adding extra electrolyte (salt) and pH adjustment step for real wastewaters containing antibiotics. Thus, it was found an easy and economic way to perform electrochemical oxidation with Sn/Sb/Ni–Ti anodes for the wastewaters containing cefoperazone antibiotics.
Comparison of various indices for predicting sarcopenia and its components in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Do Jun Young , Kang Seok Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the usefulness of four indices—arm circumference, thigh circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and thigh muscle circumference (TMC)—with that of other classical indicators of body composition in the prediction of sarcopenia and two sarcopenia-related components in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) grouped by sex. The data of all patients receiving PD who visited a tertiary medical center were collected (n = 214); of them 199 patients undergoing PD were included in the final analyses. Data on baseline characteristics and measurements, including circumferences of appendicular sites, handgrip strength (HGS), and appendicular lean mass (ALM) index, were obtained during a routine peritoneal membrane equilibration test. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ALM index (kg/m2) was defined as the sum of lean mass in the upper and lower extremities divided by height squared. Sarcopenia was defined as low HGS and low muscle mass based on the cut-off values in the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guideline. The circumferences of the lower extremities showed the greatest association with the ALM index in both sexes. Prediction of HGS was better with the MAMC than with the other indices in the male patients, whereas none of the indices were associated with HGS in the female patients. Moreover, the MAMC in the male patients and TMC in the female patients were the strongest predictors of sarcopenia among the six anthropometric indices. This study showed that the MAMC in male PD patients and TMC in female PD patients might be the best predictors of sarcopenia. However, the TMC was associated with sarcopenia regardless of HGS in the female PD patients. These findings suggest that, in PD patients, different indices should be considered in predicting sarcopenia or its components based on the sex.
Single-cell atlas of diverse immune populations in the advanced biliary tract cancer microenvironment
Authors: Shi Xuebing , Li Zhixuan , Yao Renqi , Cheng Qingbao , Li Wei , Wu Rui , Xie Zhihua , Zhu Yanjing , Qiu Xinyao , Yang Shuai , Zhou Tao , Hu Ji , Zhang Yangqianwen , Wu Tong , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yani , Wu Jianmin , Wang Hongyang , Jiang Xiaoqing , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmunotherapies have been explored in treating solid tumors, albeit with disparate clinical effects in distinct cancer types. Systematic interrogation of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital to the prediction of immunotherapy response and the development of innovative immunotherapeutics. To comprehensively characterize the immune microenvironment in advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing in unselected viable cells from 16 matched samples, and identified nineteen cell subsets from a total of 45,851 cells, in which exhausted CD8+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) in BTC were shown to augment and communicate within the TME. Transcriptional profiles coupled with T cell receptor (TCR) sequences revealed that exhausted CD8+T cells retained clonal expansion and high proliferation in the TME, and some of them highly expressed the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) response gene,XBP1, indicating the role of ER stress in remodeling TME. Functional assays demonstrated that XBP1 and common immune checkpoints (PD1, TIGIT) were significantly upregulated in CD8+T cells cocultured within the TME of BTC cells (GBC-SD, HCCC-9810). When treating the coculture groups with the specific inhibitor of IRE1α-XBP1 (4μ8C), the downregulation of TIGIT was observed in the treatment group. Collectively, comprehensive transcriptome profiling provides deep insights into the immune atlas in advanced BTC, which might be instrumental in exploring innovative immunotherapy strategies.
Historical patterns and sustainability implications of worldwide bicycle ownership and use
Authors: Chen Wu , Carstensen Trine Agervig , Wang Ranran , Derrible Sybil , Rueda David Rojas , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBicycles are widely recognized as an effective solution for reducing short-distance trip-related climate impacts and addressing sedentary lifestyle-caused chronic diseases. Yet, the historical patterns of global bicycle production, trade, stock, and use remain poorly characterized, preventing thorough investigation of its role in sustainable road transport transition. Here, based on a dynamic model and various data sources, we have compiled, to our knowledge, the first global dataset for bicycle ownership and use by country from 1962 to 2015. Our comparison between the historical development of per-capita bicycle ownership and car ownership reveals five varying types in an S-curve among different countries. High bicycle ownership does not necessarily lead to high bicycle use, which is instead still marginal in daily trips worldwide (<5% for most countries). A worldwide pro-bicycle policy and infrastructure development enabled modal shift like the Netherlands and Denmark can lead to significant untapped climate and health benefits.
A comprehensive analytical description of the asymmetric active snubber
Authors: Schlüter Michael , Pfost Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPower modules for several hundred amperes suffer from a high stray inductance compared to discrete setups at similar current density. The use of silicon carbide in such modules is beneficial but due to the high stray inductance, the switching speed must be reduced to keep the voltage overshoot below breakdown voltage. As a result, the semiconductor material cannot be fully utilised. To improve the utilisation in terms of power output, by strong over‐voltage reduction, reduced ringing, and highest switching speeds an asymmetric active snubber was introduced. This work targets an improved understanding of the active snubber by deriving analytical models to describe the behaviour during turn‐on and turn‐off and elaborate optimisation opportunities. The models are compared to measurements for validation and an improved loss estimation is derived as well as a prediction of the snubber voltage. Different modes of operation are investigated and compared to a similar DC‐snubber setup. Finally, the model is used to pre‐calculate the timing for optimal operation.
De la métrologie à la métallurgie de précision Charles-Édouard Guillaume, prix Nobel de physique 1920
Authors: Lebrun Philippe , Schaff Hubert 
Published: August 2022

Dans un précédent numéro de Reflets de la physique, un article de J.E. Wesfreid (n°65, pp. 30-33) décrivait les recherches aérodynamiques de Gustave Eiffel. Suite à cet article, avec Hubert Schaaf (ancien président de la SF2M), j’ai interrogé les lecteurs sur le nom du lauréat Nobel qui a effectué la mesure de la hauteur de la Tour. La riche et unique réponse à la question que j’avais posée a été donnée par Philippe Lebrun, physicien des accélérateurs du CERN.
Ces deux chercheurs (qui ne se connaissaient pas auparavant) nous présentent, dans une rubrique d’histoire des sciences, l’ensemble des activités de recherche appliquée du métallurgiste Charles-Édouard Guillaume (prix Nobel de physique 1920), insuffisamment reconnu aujourd’hui. Le centième anniversaire de la mort d’Eiffel en 2023 fournira d’autres occasions d’aborder la métallurgie.
Étienne Guyon
COVID-19 Vaccination May Provoke Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Melendez-Zaidi Alexandria E. , Foroozan Rod , Orman Gunes , Abid Farida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn parallel to the spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been the growing recognition that active SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential to effect both the peripheral and central nervous systems. When it comes to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, however, reporting has been more uncertain. As the vaccination rate has risen, we have seen a rise in rare neurological complications thought to be associated with the vaccination including acute transverse myelitis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, optic neuritis, and Tolosa–Hunt syndrome. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 98 confirmed cases of Guillain–Barre syndrome out of 12.6 million doses. Given the initial age limits of vaccination eligibility, most reports have been limited to the adult population. Here, we report a case of intracranial hypertension (IH), evolving to fulminant IH in a healthy female after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. While elevated intracranial pressure has been reported in the context of active SARS-CoV-2 infections and postinfection multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), this is the first reported case of pediatric IH after vaccination alone.
Compact pulse generator with sub-nanosecond rise time based on inductance of order of several nH
Authors: Li Junna , Wang Yongliang , He Shi , Chen Xuliang , Qiu Aici 
Published: August 2022

Pulse generators with a sub-nanosecond rise time are typically used to calibrate measurement probes in electromagnetic pulses. However, the technological dilemma between high voltage and low inductance has not been adequately addressed in this context. In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of the circuit and structural parameters on the generator. To reduce the rise time of the output voltage of the generator to a few hundred picoseconds, the inductance of its structure and the spark gap needs to be strictly controlled. We use SF6 at 1 MPa as an insulating gas for the spark gap to reduce the inductance of the capacitor and the switch to the order of several nH. The results of theoretical calculations and simulations were used to design and test two generators that used a coaxial ceramic capacitor and three plate ceramic capacitors, respectively. The experimental results showed that a double-exponential pulse voltage with a sub-nanosecond rise time could be obtained in a 50 Ω transmission line in both generators. The generator with the coaxial ceramic capacitor had better characteristics than the one that used three plate ceramic capacitors with a rise time of 630–860 ps when the peak output voltage was in the range of 5–30 kV.
Healing the cosmological constant problem during inflation through a unified quasi-quintessence matter field
Authors: D’Agostino Rocco , Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We heal the cosmological constant problem by means of a cancellation mechanism that adopts a phase transition during which quantum fluctuations are eliminated. To this purpose, we propose that a generalized scalar (dark) matter field with a non-vanishing pressure term can remove the vacuum energy contribution, if its corresponding thermodynamics is written in terms of a quasi-quintessence representation. In such a picture, pressure differs from quintessence as it shows a zero kinetic contribution. Using this field, we investigate a metastable transition phase, in which the Universe naturally passes through an inflationary phase. To reach this target, we single out a double exponential potential, describing the metastable inflationary dynamics by considering suitable boundaries and thermodynamic conditions. We analyze stability investigating saddle, stable and unstable points and we thus predict a chaotic inflation that mimics the Starobinsky exponential potential. Consequently, the role of the proposed dark matter field is investigated throughout the overall Universe evolution. To do so, we provide a physical explanation on unifying the dark sector with inflation by healing the cosmological constant problem.
A dataset-free deep learning method for low-dose CT image reconstruction
Authors: Ding Qiaoqiao , Ji Hui , Quan Yuhui , Zhang Xiaoqun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging attracted a considerable interest for the reduction of the object’s exposure to x-ray radiation. In recent years, supervised deep learning (DL) has been extensively studied for LDCT image reconstruction, which trains a network over a dataset containing many pairs of normal-dose and low-dose images. However, the challenge on collecting many such pairs in the clinical setup limits the application of supervised-learning-based methods for LDCT image reconstruction in practice. Aiming at addressing the challenges raised by the collection of a training dataset, this paper proposed an unsupervised DL method for LDCT image reconstruction, which does not require any external training data. The proposed method is built on a re-parametrization technique for Bayesian inference via a deep network with random weights, combined with additional total variational regularization. The experiments show that the proposed method noticeably outperforms existing dataset-free image reconstruction methods on the test data.
Fast inverse elastic scattering of multiple particles in three dimensions*
Authors: Lai Jun , Zhang Jinrui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many applications require recovering the geometric information of multiple elastic particles based on the scattering information. In this paper, we consider the inverse time-harmonic elastic scattering of multiple rigid particles in three dimensions. We measure the far field information and apply the time reversal method to recover the unknown elastic particles. Two regimes are considered depending on the size and distance among particles. First, an asymptotic analysis for the imaging of small and distant particles is given based on the scattering property of a single particle, which can be used for selective focusing. Second, when particles are not small but well-separated, a fast algorithm, based on the combination of multiple scattering theory and fast multipole method, is proposed to efficiently simulate the forward multiple scattering problem and applied to the inverse elastic scattering. Numerical experiments demonstrate the proposed method can effectively recover the locations and shapes of multiple unknown particles.
Critical screening parameters of one-electron systems with screened Coulomb potentials: high Rydberg limit
Authors: Jiao Li Guang , Xu Lei , Zheng Ruo Yu , Liu Aihua , Zhang Yong Zhi , Montgomery H E , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We develop an efficient numerical method to directly calculate the critical screening parameters for one-electron systems with Hulthén and Debye–Hückel screened Coulomb potentials (SCPs). Compared to indirect methods, which locate the critical screening parameters via searching the potential parameters with near-zero energy, the method developed in this work directly calculates the critical screening parameters as eigenvalues of a generalized eigenvalue problem. This feature allows us to simultaneously determine the critical parameters for bound states from low-lying excitation to high-lying Rydberg limit with high accuracy. The method is applied to SCPs to investigate the asymptotic behavior of critical screening parameters as the principal quantum number n approaches infinity. It has been shown that the critical screening parameters in Hulthén and Debye–Hückel potentials follow the 2n
−2 and 4n
−2/π asymptotic laws, respectively, and that the orbital angular momentum affects the higher-order coefficients linearly.
Ultrafast laser matter interactions: modeling approaches, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Miloshevsky Gennady 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The irradiation of the target surface by an ultrafast femtosecond (fs) laser pulse produces the extreme non-equilibrium states of matter and subsequent phase transformations. Computational modeling and simulation is a very important tool for gaining insight into the physics processes that govern the laser–matter interactions, and, specifically, for quantitative understanding the laser light absorption, electron–ion energy exchange, spallation, melting, warm dense matter regime, vaporization, and expansion of plasma plume. High-fidelity predictive modeling of a variety of these multi-physics processes that take place at various time and length scales is extremely difficult, requiring the coupled multi-physics and multi-scale models. This topical review covers progress and advances in developing the modeling approaches and performing the state-of-the-art simulations of fs laser-pulse interactions with solids and plasmas. A complete kinetic description of a plasma based on the most accurate Vlasov–Maxwell set of equations is first presented and discussed in detail. After that an exact kinetic model that encompasses the microscopic motions of all the individual particles, their charge and current densities, generated electric and magnetic fields, and the effects of these fields on the motion of charged particles in a plasma is briefly reviewed. The methodology of kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) approach that is well suitable for computational studies of the non-linear processes in laser–plasma interactions is then presented. The hydrodynamic models used for the description of plasmas under the assumption of a local thermodynamic equilibrium include the two-fluid and two-temperature model and its simplifications. The two-temperature model coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) method is finally discussed. Examples are illustrated from research areas such as applications of the fully kinetic, PIC, hydrodynamic, and MD models to studies of ultrafast laser–matter interactions. Challenges and prospects in the development of computational models and their applications to the modeling of ultrafast intense laser–solid and laser–plasma interactions are overviewed.
Effect of Ag nanoparticle size on triboelectric nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Ping , Li Peng-Fei , Zhang Hong-Hao , Deng Lu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are generally utilized on the grounds that they can catch low-recurrence mechanical energy from various types of movement and convert it into electricity. It has been proved that the adulteration of conductive particles in the triboelectric layer can improve its output performance, but metal nanomaterials have different properties at different scales. In this paper, the triboelectric layer of TENG is a composite film made of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different particle sizes (20 nm, 50 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm) that were dispersed and mixed with two-component liquid silica gel step by step. The open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) of the 20 nm component of the AgNPs-dispersed/two-component liquid silica gel TENG(At-TENG) are 102.8 V and 4.42 μA, which are higher than the result execution of the other components. Smaller size nanoparticles have more number of nanoparticles when the mass fraction is the same. AgNPs form micro-capacitance structures in the insulating polymer layer and enhance the dielectric properties of the composite films through an interfacial polarization mechanism. At-TENG can light up 53 commercial LEDs and power calculators or wristband electronic watches, proving its utility as a self-powered power source. An extensive experiment proves the advantage of small size using comparison and theoretical analysis and provides suggestions for the selection of TENG dopants.
Validating NEUTRO, a deterministic finite element neutron transport solver for fusion applications, with literature tests, experimental benchmarks and other neutronic codes
Authors: Goldberg E , Circuns i Duxans M , Ortega Gelabert O , Mantsinen M J , Soba A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neutron reactions on fusion reactor materials are key phenomena to be understood to enable fusion as a feasible energy source for future reactors. We present significant improvements and validations of NEUTRO, a deterministic neutron transport code dedicated to solving the Boltzmann transport equation. The code is integrated as a module in the Alya system developed by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center and uses the discrete ordinates method over an angular portion, multigroup for energy discretization and the finite element method over unstructured meshes to treat special complex domains. Material anisotropy of the scattering medium is introduced into the scattering kernel using real base expressions for spherical harmonics. In order to build the total cross-section and the respective group matrix for the elastic cross-section, we use the NJOY code. We test the solver using different geometries and materials with varying levels of scattering properties. We compare our results on classic tests, benchmarks obtained from a Nuclear Energy Agency database and test cases using other neutron transport codes.
Thermal instabilities in micropinches under turbulent heating conditions
Authors: Oreshkin V I , Artyomov A P , Oreshkin E V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anomalous thermal (AT) instabilities occurring in micropinches are analyzed based on the theory of small perturbations. Instabilities of this type develop in a high-temperature plasma under turbulent heating conditions in the presence of an anomalous resistance resulting from the scattering of electrons by lower hybrid drift oscillations. When turbulent heating occurs in the plasma of a micropinch, its resistivity increases with decreasing density; this may lead to the formation of plasma layers normal to the current flow (stratification). For the AT instability, a dispersion relation taking into account the effect of the plasma self-radiation has been derived, and the characteristic instability growth rates and wavelengths have been determined. A comparison of the development pattern has been performed between AT and sausage-type magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. It has been shown that for any pinch material, there is a threshold current below which AT instabilities prevail over magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. For the metals considered (aluminum, titanium, copper, molybdenum, and tungsten), the threshold currents are hundreds of kiloamperes. The threshold current increases with atomic number: for tungsten, it is approximately 3.5 times higher than for aluminum. The conclusions drawn from the analysis based on the linear small perturbation theory are compared with the results of experiments in which the parameters of ‘hot spots’ formed in X pinches were determined.