bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Plasma Osteopontin Levels in Children with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease at Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: El-Zayady Rana Ahmed , Shabana Ahmed Hamdy , El-Serogy Hesham Ahmed , Zoair Amr Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Background: Natural progression of CHD often results in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is a leading cause of death and disability.
Aim: The goal of this work is to clarify the prognostic and diagnostic usefulness of OPN in children with PAH-CHD, as well as to determine whether or not its level correlates with clinical and echocardiographic data of PAH-CHD.
Methodology: Fifty CHD children and twenty-five healthy children served as a control subject in this research. Plasma OPN levels were measured using ELISA kits after a thorough medical history, physical examination, and series of tests (radiological, laboratory, and diagnostic).
Place and Duration of Study: Patients were chosen from those hospitalised to the Tanta University Hospital Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatric Department, between April 2021 and April 2022.
Results: There was significant increase of plasma OPN levels in PAH- CHD patients as compared to CHD patients without PH as compared to control group. OPN levels was also found to be positively correlated with age, disease severity, mPAP and RV diameter and negatively correlated with RV E/A ratio. OPN can be used as a diagnostic biomarker with sensitivity 92% and specificity 96% and as a prognostic biomarker with sensitivity 86% and specificity 90%.
Conclusion: Plasma levels of OPN were significantly elevated in PAH-CHD children, and these levels were correlated to the severity of PH and echocardiographic parameters. OPN levels were markedly elevated in PAH-CHD patients with bad prognosis.
Disparities in Spatial Access to Emergency Surgical Services in the US
Authors: McCrum Marta L. , Wan Neng , Han Jiuying , Lizotte Steven L. , Horns Joshua J. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceHospitals with emergency surgical services provide essential care for a wide range of time-sensitive diseases. Commonly used measures of spatial access, such as distance or travel time, have been shown to underestimate disparities compared with more comprehensive metrics.ObjectiveTo examine population-level differences in spatial access to hospitals with emergency surgical capability across the US using enhanced 2-step floating catchment (E2SFCA) methods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional study using the 2015 American Community Survey data. National census block group (CBG) data on community characteristics were paired with geographic coordinates of hospitals with emergency departments and inpatient surgical services, and hospitals with advanced clinical resources were identified. Spatial access was measured using the spatial access ratio (SPAR), an E2SFCA method that captures distance to hospital, population demand, and hospital capacity. Small area analyses were conducted to assess both the population with low access to care and community characteristics associated with low spatial access. Data analysis occurred from February 2021 to July 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLow spatial access was defined by SPAR greater than 1.0 SD below the national mean (SPAR &amp;lt;0.3).ResultsIn the 217 663 CBGs (median [IQR] age for CBGs, 39.7 [33.7-46.3] years), there were 3853 hospitals with emergency surgical capabilities and 1066 (27.7%) with advanced clinical resources. Of 320 million residents, 30.8 million (9.6%) experienced low access to any hospital with emergency surgical services, and 82.6 million (25.8%) to advanced-resource centers. Insurance status was associated with low access to care across all settings (public insurance: adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.25; uninsured aRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). In micropolitan and rural areas, high-share (&amp;gt;75th percentile) Hispanic and other (Asian; American Indian, Alaska Native, or Pacific Islander; and 2 or more racial and ethnic minority groups) communities were also associated with low access. Similar patterns were seen in access to advanced-resource hospitals, but with more pronounced racial and ethnic disparities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of access to surgical care, nearly 1 in 10 US residents experienced low spatial access to any hospital with emergency surgical services, and 1 in 4 had low access to hospitals with advanced clinical resources. Communities with high rates of uninsured or publicly insured residents and racial and ethnic minority communities in micropolitan and rural areas experienced the greatest risk of limited access to emergency surgical care. These findings support the use of E2SFCA models in identifying areas with low spatial access to surgical care and in guiding health system development.
Prevalence of Online Sexual Offenses Against Children in the US
Authors: Finkelhor David , Turner Heather , Colburn Deirdre 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceSexual abuse is increasingly facilitated by technology, but the prevalence and dynamics of such offenses have not been well delineated, making it difficult to design prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency and characteristics of online and technology-facilitated sexual abuse against children and youth.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this nationally representative online survey study performed from November 19 to December 29, 2021, young adults aged 18 to 28 years were asked retrospectively about their childhood (&amp;lt;18 years) experiences of online and technology-facilitated abuse. The 2639 participants were sampled from an online panel.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants were asked questions about 11 different kinds of online and technology-facilitated sexual abuse with follow-up questions about their dynamics and offenders. Prevalence rates were calculated for several cross-cutting concepts (online child sexual abuse, image-based sexual abuse, self-produced child sexual abuse images, nonconsensual sexting, online grooming by adults, revenge pornography, sextortion, and online commercial sexual exploitation). Survey weights were applied to obtain population prevalence estimates.ResultsA total of 2639 individuals (48.5% male, 49.8% female, and 1.8% other gender; 23.7% Hispanic, 12.6% non-Hispanic Black, 53.9% non-Hispanic White, 4.8% other race, and 5.0% ≥2 races) were surveyed. Childhood (before 18 years of age) prevalence rates were as follows: online child sexual abuse, 15.6% (SE, 1.0%); image-based sexual abuse, 11.0% (SE, 0.9%); self-produced child sexual abuse images, 7.2% (SE, 0.7%); nonconsensual sexting, 7.2% (SE, 0.7%); online grooming by adults, 5.4% (SE, 0.5%); revenge pornography, 3.1% (SE, 0.5%); sextortion, 3.5% (SE, 0.6%); and online commercial sexual exploitation, 1.7% (SE, 0.3%). The prime age of vulnerability across all categories was 13 to 17 years. Perpetrators in most categories were predominantly dating partners, friends, and acquaintances, not online strangers.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this national survey study suggest that a considerable portion of youth have experienced online child sexual abuse. Professionals planning prevention and intervention strategies for online sexual abuse should understand that dynamics include diverse episodes that are often extensions of dating abuse, sexual bullying, and sexual harassment, not only events perpetrated by adult internet predators.
Participation of Older Adults in Clinical Trials for New Drug Applications and Biologics License Applications From 2010 Through 2019
Authors: Lau S. W. Johnny , Huang Yue , Hsieh Julie , Wang Shenggang , Liu Qi , Slattum Patricia W. , Schwartz Janice B. , Huang Shiew-Mei , Temple Robert 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceOlder age may be accompanied by changes in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics or both of medications that can result in altered safety and efficacy profiles.ObjectiveTo assess representation of older adults in clinical trials of new drug applications (NDAs) and biologics license applications (BLAs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data for NDAs and BLAs approved from 2010 through 2019. Age distribution of clinical trial participants was compared with age distribution of the US population with the disease or disorder (prevalent population). Data were from adults enrolled in registration trials for depression, heart failure, insomnia, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) stroke prevention, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes or adults sampled from US prevalent population in community-dwelling health data. Data were analyzed from November 2020 to February 2021.ExposuresTrial enrollment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRepresentativeness of trial populations was assessed by the participation to prevalence ratio (PPR) defined as the percentage of patients by age group among clinical trial participants to the percentage of patients by age group among US prevalent population.ResultsData from 166 clinical trials (229 558 participants) for 44 NDAs and BLAs were analyzed. The most consistent finding was the limited enrollment of the oldest age groups, namely those 75 years and above for type 2 diabetes and NSCLC, and 80 years and above for NVAF stroke prevention, insomnia, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Adults aged 60 to 74 years were enrolled in equal or greater proportion than the US prevalent population.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, underrepresentation of the oldest adults existed during evaluation of new drugs and biologics, yet the older adults may represent significant proportions of the treatment population. Closing the representation gap between clinical trial enrollment and potential treatment populations is essential for safe and effective use of new drugs and biologics.
Association Between Time Interval from COVID-19 Vaccination to In Vitro Fertilization and Pregnancy Rate After Fresh Embryo Transfer
Authors: Shi Wenhao , Wang Min , Xue Xia , Li Na , Chen Lijuan , Shi Juanzi 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThere is a lack of information regarding the need to postpone conception after COVID-19 vaccination.ObjectiveTo investigate the time interval between the first dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment as well as the rate of pregnancy after a fresh embryo transfer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted at a single public IVF center in China. Female patients aged 20 to 47 years and undergoing IVF treatment were consecutively registered from May 1 to December 22, 2021, with follow-up until March 31, 2022. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during IVF treatment and those who underwent 2 or more IVF treatments, received the noninactivated or unknown COVID-19 vaccine, or did not have a fresh embryo transfer were excluded from this study.ExposuresThe vaccinated group (subdivided into 4 subgroups of time interval from first vaccination to fertilization treatment: ≤30 days, 31-60 days, 61-90 days, and ≥91 days) and nonvaccinated group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRisk ratios (RRs) for the association between the time interval and ongoing pregnancy (pregnancy continued at least 12 weeks).ResultsA total of 3052 female patients (mean [SD] age, 31.45 [3.96] years) undergoing IVF treatment were analyzed in this study. There were 667 vaccinated patients receiving IVF (35 were vaccinated ≤30 days, 58 were vaccinated 31-60 days, 105 were vaccinated 61-90 days, and 469 were vaccinated ≥91 days before fertilization treatment), and 2385 unvaccinated patients receiving treatment. The ovarian stimulation and laboratory parameters were similar among all groups. Ongoing pregnancy was significantly lower in the 30 days or less subgroup (34.3% [12 of 35]; adjusted RR [aRR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.33-0.91) and the 31 to 60 days’ subgroup (36.2% [21 of 58]; aRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85). A slightly but not statistically lower rate was found in the 61 to 90 days’ subgroup, and no reduced risk for ongoing pregnancy in the 91 days or more subgroup was observed (56.3% [264 of 469]; aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.04) compared with the unvaccinated group (60.3% [1439 of 2385], as reference).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this study suggest that receipt of the first inactivated COVID-19 vaccine dose 60 days or less before fertilization treatment is associated with a reduced rate of pregnancy. In patients undergoing IVF treatment with a fresh embryo transfer, the procedure may need to be delayed until at least 61 days after COVID-19 vaccination.
Evaluation of intrafraction couch shifts for proton treatment delivery in head‐and‐neck cancer patients: Toward optimal imaging frequency
Authors: Biswal Nrusingh C. , Rodrigues Dario B. , Yao Weiguang , Molitoris Jason K. , Witek Matthew E. , Chen Shifeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTreatment planning for head‐and‐neck (H&N) cancer, in particular oropharynx, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinus cases, at our center requires noncoplanar proton beams due to the complexity of the anatomy and target location. Targeting accuracy for all beams is carefully evaluated by using image guidance before delivering proton beam therapy (PBT). In this study, we analyzed couch shifts to evaluate whether imaging is required before delivering each field with different couch angles.MethodsAfter the Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective analysis was performed on data from 28 H&N patients treated with PBT. Each plan was made with two‐to‐three noncoplanar and two‐to‐three coplanar fields. Cone‐beam computed tomography and orthogonal kilovoltage (kV) images were acquired for setup and before delivering each field, respectively. The Cartesian (longitudinal, vertical, and lateral) and angular (pitch and roll) shifts for each field were recorded from the treatment summary on the first two fractions and every subsequent fifth fraction. A net magnitude of the three‐dimensional (3D) shift in Cartesian coordinates was calculated, and a 3D vector was created from the 6 degrees of freedom coordinates for transforming couch shifts in the system coordinate to the beam's‐eye view.ResultsA total of 3219 Cartesian and 2146 angular shift values were recorded for 28 patients. Of the Cartesian shifts, 2069 were zero (64.3%), and 1150 (35.7%) were nonzero (range, −7 to 11 mm). Of the angular shifts, 1034 (48.2%) were zero, and 1112 (51.8%) were nonzero (range, −3.0° to 3.2°). For 17 patients, the couch shifts increased toward the end of the treatment course. We also found that patients with higher body mass index (BMI) presented increased net couch shifts (p < 0.001). With BMI < 27, all overall net shift averages were <2 mm, and overall maximum net shifts were <6 mm.ConclusionsThese results confirm the need for orthogonal kV imaging before delivering each field of H&N PBT at our center, where a couch rotation is involved.
2D Magnetic Fe0.75Ta0.5S2: Giant Exchange Bias with Broadband Photoresponse
Authors: Li Changcun , Wu Jiazhen , Bian Renji , Cao Guiming , Pan Er , Liu Zhijun , Yu Jiachen , Hosono Hideo , Liu Fucai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the interplay between magnetic and optoelectronic properties and developing spin‐optoelectronic devices are promising research strategies to further study 2D materials and advance their applications. Here, the broadband photoresponse in the newly synthesized magnetic Fe0.75Ta0.5S2 single crystals is reported. Because the uncompensated magnetic moment of the spin glass state is pinned by the moment of the antiferromagnetic state, a large exchange bias field of ≈1.98 T is found at 2 K when cooled down at a field of 7 T. The as‐prepared samples show a large negative magnetoresistance (nMR). The field dependence of nMRs displays a similar trend up to 50 K, which is likely to originate from the significant dependence of the localization length on magnetic field. In addition, a photodetector prepared using Fe0.75Ta0.5S2 flakes exhibits a fast response time (121.7 ms), good stability, high responsivity of 26.1 A W−1, and broadband photodetection, showing application potentials in spin‐optoelectronics.
2,3‐Diodocarbazoles by a Domino Iodocyclization/Iodo‐Translocation of (3‐Iodoindolyl)butynols
Authors: Martín‐Mejías Irene , Petcu A. Sonia , Alonso José M. , Aragoncillo Cristina , Almendros Pedro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA controlled access to 1‐aryl 2,3‐diiodo‐carbazoles involving iodine transposition has been accomplished directly from acyclic precursors. The 2,3‐diiodo‐carbazole core was prone to further chemoselective decoration at C3−I or double difunctionalization.magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Induced Deoxygenative Acylation Aromatization ofp‐Quinone Methides with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Li Guan‐Nan , Li Hao‐Cong , Wang Meng‐Ru , Lu Zhan , Yu Bing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced acylation aromatization ofpara‐quinone methides to access α,α′‐diarylated ketones was realized with cheap and readily available carboxylic acids as acylating reagents via deoxygenation. The synthetic method avoids the tedious preparation of reactants or catalysts and shows a broad substrate scope (34 examples) under mild conditions. Notably, the late‐stage functionalization of some drug molecules could also be achieved via this protocol.magnified image
Interfacial Designing of MnO2 Half‐Wrapped by Aromatic Polymers for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhou Rongkun , Song Zhihang , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao , Zhou Anbin , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie , Li Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the excellent specific capacity and high working voltage, manganese oxide (MnO2) has attracted considerable attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the irreversible structural collapse and sluggish ionic diffusion lead to poor rate capability and inferior lifespan. Herein, we proposed a novel organic/inorganic hybrid cathode of carbon‐based poly(4,4′‐oxybisbenzenamine)/MnO2 (denoted as C@PODA/MnO2) for AZIBs. Various in/ex situ analyses and theoretical calculations prove that PODA chains with C=N groups can provide a more active surface/interface for ion/electron mobility and zinc ion storage in the hybrid cathode. More importantly, newly formed Mn−N interfacial bonds can effectively promote ion diffusion and prevent Mn atoms dissolution, enhancing redox kinetics and structural integrity of MnO2. Accordingly, C@PODA/MnO2 cathode exhibits high capacity (321 mAh g−1 or 1.7 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate performance (88 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability over 2000 cycles. Hence, rational interfacial designs shed light on the development of organic/inorganic cathodes for advanced AZIBs.
Activating Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in Acidic Electrolytes using Hydrophobic Cavities and Proton‐conductive Particles
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Takeyasu Kotaro , Homma Kaito , Ito Shigeharu , Morinaga Takashi , Endo Yuto , Furukawa Moeko , Mori Toshiyuki , Ogasawara Hirohito , Nakamura Junji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough pyridinic‐nitrogen (pyri‐N) doped graphene is highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells in alkaline media, the activity critically decreases under acidic conditions. We report on how to prevent the deactivation based on the mechanistic understanding that
governs the ORR kinetics. First, we considered that the deactivation is due to the hydration of pyri‐NH+, leading to a lower shift of the redox potential. Introducing the hydrophobic cavity prevented the hydration of pyri‐NH+ but inhibited the proton transport. We then increased proton conductivity in the hydrophobic cavity by introducing SiO2 particles coated with ionic liquid polymer/Nafion® which kept the high onset potentials with an increased current density even in acidic media.
Advancement of Electrochemical Thermoelectric Conversion with Molecular Technology
Authors: Zhou Hongyao , Inoue Hirotaka , Ujita Mizuha , Yamada Teppei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThermocells are a thermoelectric conversion technology that utilizes the shift in an electrochemical equilibrium arising from a temperature difference. This technology has a long history; however, its low conversion efficiency impedes its practical usage. Recently, an increasing number of reports have shown drastic improvements in thermoelectric conversion efficiency, and thermocells could arguably represent an alternative to solid thermoelectric devices. In this Minireview, we regard thermocells as molecular systems consisting of successive molecular processes responding to a temperature change to achieve energy generation. Various molecular technologies have been applied to thermocells in recent years, and could stimulate diverse research fields, including supramolecular chemistry, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state ionics. These research approaches will also provide novel methods for achieving a sustainable society in the future.
Bimetallic Aluminum‐ and Niobium‐Doped MCM‐41 for Efficient Conversion of Biomass‐Derived 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran to Pentadienes
Authors: Fan Mengtian , Xu Shaojun , An Bing , Sheveleva Alena M. , Betts Alexander , Hurd Joseph , Zhu Zhaodong , He Meng , Iuga Dinu , Lin Longfei , Kang Xinchen , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Keenan Luke L. , Lee Daniel , Attfield Martin P. , Yang Sihai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe production of conjugated C4–C5 dienes from biomass can enable the sustainable synthesis of many important polymers and liquid fuels. Here, we report the first example of bimetallic (Nb, Al)‐atomically doped mesoporous silica, denoted as AlNb‐MCM‐41, which affords quantitative conversion of 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF) to pentadienes with a high selectivity of 91 %. The incorporation of AlIII and NbV sites into the framework of AlNb‐MCM‐41 has effectively tuned the nature and distribution of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites within the structure. Operando X‐ray absorption, diffuse reflectance infrared and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy collectively reveal the molecular mechanism of the conversion of adsorbed 2‐MTHF over AlNb‐MCM‐41. Specifically, the atomically‐dispersed NbV sites play an important role in binding 2‐MTHF to drive the conversion. Overall, this study highlights the potential of hetero‐atomic mesoporous solids for the manufacture of renewable materials.
Formal Cycloadditions Driven by the Homolytic Opening of Strained, Saturated Ring Systems
Authors: Harmata Alexander S. , Roldan B. J. , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe field of strain‐driven, radical formal cycloadditions is experiencing a surge in activity motivated by a renaissance in free radical chemistry and growing demand for sp3‐rich ring systems. The former has been driven in large part by the rise of photoredox catalysis, and the latter by adoption of the “Escape from Flatland” concept in medicinal chemistry. In the years since these broader trends emerged, dozens of formal cycloadditions, including catalytic, asymmetric variants, have been developed that operate via radical mechanisms. While cyclopropanes have been studied most extensively, a variety of strained ring systems are amenable to the design of analogous reactions. Many of these processes generate lucrative, functionally decorated sp3‐rich ring systems that are difficult to access by other means. Herein, we summarize recent efforts in this area and analyze the state of the field.