bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Modes Response of Co‐Aperture 2D/1D Phototransistors
Authors: Liu Changlong , Zhang Xutao , Guo Feng , Zhang Shi , Wang Jian , Yang Lijie , Guo Cheng , Li Guanhai , Xu Zhiwei , Wang Lin , Gan Xuetao , Chen Pingping , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrict requirements for target detection and identification of the complex background have increased because a single detection method is susceptible to environmental factors. The abilities to use terahertz imaging systems with high photoresponsivity and polarization sensitivity are of central importance to practical photodetectors. The present technology for high‐sensitivity, polarization THz detectors integrated into a compact, common aperture (co‐aperture) system remains largely unexplored challenges. By exploiting the inherent features of graphene/Bi2Te3 Dirac material and InAs nanowire, the plasma‐wave and thermoelectric co‐aperture phototransistors with a selective, synchronous, and controllable operating modes are devised in the same field of view, which provide remarkable efficiencies for THz‐light harvesting on‐chip. The achieved selective detection, better than that of single nanowire phototransistor, exhibits excellent sensitivity of 18.5 mA W−1 (12 V W−1) in graphene/Bi2Te3 channel and 3.5 mA W−1 (400 V W−1) in InAs nanowire channel, corresponding to the noise equivalent power of less than 0.1 nW/Hz0.5. The results are exploited to highlight a novel strategy for the realization of efficient co‐aperture phototransistors toward tunable, multiple modes, polarization THz detection by combining with in situ integration advantages of various materials, compatibility mechanisms, integration structures with metamaterials.
General Lossless Polarization and Phase Transformation Using Bilayer Metasurfaces
Authors: Mirzapourbeinekalaye Babak , McClung Andrew , Arbabi Amir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetasurface optical elements enable wavefront control and polarization manipulation with subwavelength resolution. Metasurfaces made of linearly birefringent meta‐atoms such as rectangular nanoposts are commonly used to control phase and polarization, but a single layer of these meta‐atoms cannot implement transformations with elliptically polarized or circularly polarized eigenstates (i.e., chiral transformations). Here, it is shown that two cascaded metasurface layers comprising linearly birefringent meta‐atoms provide sufficiently many degrees of freedom to implement arbitrary unitary phase and polarization transformations. A systematic design method for such metastructures is described and used to design a bifocal metalens that cannot be implemented by a single layer of birefringent meta‐atoms. The presented design and implementation techniques introduce a systematic approach for realizing the most general form of lossless polarization and phase transformations using metasurfaces with high efficiency.
Pneumococcal pneumonia on the job: Uncovering the past story of occupational exposure to metal fumes and dust
Authors: Torén Kjell , Naidoo Rajen N. , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to elucidate the early history of risk for pneumococcal pneumonia from occupational exposure to metal fumes and dusts, and to demonstrate the importance of searching older literature when performing reviews. We performed manual searching for articles in the Library of the Surgeon General's Office (the precursor to Index Medicus), in the Hathi Trust database, in PubMed, andby screening reference lists in literature appearing before the introduction of PubMed. An early body of literature, from the 1890s onward, recognized that pneumonia was linked to “Thomas slag,” a steel industry byproduct containing iron, manganese, and lime. Researchers, mainly in Germany, showed that workers in metal‐dust‐exposed occupations, especially using manganese, manifested an increased incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia. An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in the 1930s implicated manganese fume in its etiology. In the immediate post‐World War II period, there was a brief flurry of interest in pneumonia from exposure to potassium permanganate that was soon dismissed as a chemical pneumonitis. After a hiatus of two decades, epidemiologic investigations drew attention to the pneumonia risks of welding and related metal fume exposure, bringing renewed interest to the forgotten role of pneumococcal pneumonia as an occupational disease. Occupational or environmental inhalation of manganese, iron, or irritants may be causally related to increased pneumococcal pneumonia risk. In particular, the risk associated with manganese seems to be overlooked in recent literature. An important conclusion is the importance of obtaining additional evidence through a deeper assessment of the literature in a broad historical context.
Tuning an Imine Reductase for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Azacycloalkylamines by Concise Structure‐Guided Engineering
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liao Daohong , Chen Rongchang , Zhu Fangfang , Ma Yaqing , Gao Lei , Qu Ge , Cui Chengsen , Sun Zhoutong , Lei Xiaoguang , Gao Shu‐Shan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough imine reductases (IREDs) are emerging as attractive reductive aminases (RedAms), their substrate scope is still narrow, and rational engineering is rare. Focusing on hydrogen bond reorganization and cavity expansion, a concise strategy combining rational cavity design, combinatorial active‐site saturation test (CAST), and thermostability engineering was designed, that transformed the weakly active IR‐G36 into a variant M5 with superior performance for the synthesis of (R)‐3‐benzylamino‐1‐Boc‐piperidine, with a 4193‐fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, a 16.2 °C improvement in Tm, and a significant increase in the e.e. value from 78 % (R) to >99 % (R). M5 exhibits broad substrate scope for the synthesis of diverse azacycloalkylamines, and the reaction was demonstrated on a hectogram‐scale under industrially relevant conditions. Our study provides a compelling example of the preparation of versatile and efficient IREDs, with exciting opportunities in medicinal and process chemistry as well as synthetic biology.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienyl and Allyl Esters from Propargyl Esters
Authors: Dai Mengfu , Sun Zhimin , Chen Liang‐An 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCatalyst‐controlled regiodivergent catalysis is a vital chemical tool that allows efficient access to large collections of structurally diverse molecules from a common precursor but remains a challenge. We report a catalyst‐controlled, tunable, and predictable regiodivergency in transforming the internal aliphatic propargyl esters into diverse libraries of highly substituted 1,3‐dienyl and allyl products by Pd‐catalysis. Depending on the ligand employed, the palladium catalyst can involve two typical approaches: electrophilic palladium catalysis and a sequential oxidative addition–reductive elimination pathway. This regiodivergent protocol endows facile access to four regioisomers with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity from the common propargyl esters. In terms of synthetic utility, a notable feature of this protocol is amenable to structural diversification of bioactive relevant molecules, enabling rapid assembly of many useful structural analogs of pharmaceutical candidates.
Application of microencapsulation technology in silk fibers
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Liu Huiqin , Zhao Qixuan , Niu Yunwei , Chen Ziqian , Zhao Di 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilk, a natural protein fiber, is top‐rated with people as skin‐friendly clothing for centuries. However, silk fiber (SF) still has disadvantages such as photo‐induced aging and yellowing and wrinkling. Higher value, as well as novel and unique functions, are added according to the application of microencapsulation in the functional finishing of SF. By using microencapsulation technology, finishing agents, special functional materials, and so forth, can be encapsulated in polymer film‐forming materials to form microcapsule finishing agents. Since the properties of the coated materials will not change after the formation of microcapsules, the functional materials can be protected. Only during processing or use, under the external environment such as pressure, friction, and temperature, can the microcapsules be ruptured or released through the diffusion effect of the microcapsule wall to achieve good and desired effects. In this review, recent developments in microencapsulation technology in the application of SFs are highlighted. First, the basic principle and technology of microencapsulation are introduced. Subsequently, adhesion between microcapsules and SFs are described. Finally, the application and effect of microencapsulation technology in SFs are summarized. In addition, the potential challenges and future prospects of microencapsulation technology in natural SFs are discussed.
Low‐energy Hemiacetal Dehydrogenation Pathway: Co‐production of Gluconic Acid and Green Hydrogen via Glucose Dehydrogenation
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Li Chuang , Niu Hongyu , Wang Di , Xin Cuncun , Liang Changhai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExploring low‐energy reaction pathway of catalytic biomass conversion can lead to wider application and the achievement of sustainability objectives. Since glucose dehydrogenation to gluconic acid and H2 is a cost‐effective alternative to glucose oxidation, this study aims to elucidate its mechanism. The detection of lactone as an intermediate indicates that cyclic glucose reacts directly via its hemiacetal group–ring opening is not involved; that is, cyclic glucose is dehydrogenated to lactone, which is further hydrolyzed to gluconic acid. The source of hydrogen is confirmed to be from glucose and water by Isotope tracing analysis. Density function theory calculations demonstrate that Hemiacetal Dehydrogenation Pathway (this work) is less energy intensive than Ring‐opening Oxidation Pathway (previous works). This study provides a new dehydrogenation strategy to produce gluconic acid and H2 from biomass under mild conditions.
Strategies to Improve the Potency of Oxazolidinones towards Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Ndukwe Audrey R. N. , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Boase Nathan R. B. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiofilms are part of the natural lifecycle of bacteria and are known to cause chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Most antibiotics are developed and tested against bacteria in the planktonic state and are ineffective against bacterial biofilms. The oxazolidinones, including the last resort drug linezolid, are one of the main classes of synthetic antibiotics progressed to clinical use in the last 50 years. They have a unique mechanism of action and only develop low levels of resistance in the clinical setting. With the aim of providing insight into strategies to design more potent antibiotic compounds with activity against bacterial biofilms, we review the biofilm activity of clinically approved oxazolidinones and report on structural modifications to oxazolidinones and their delivery systems which lead to enhanced anti‐biofilm activity.
3,4,5‐Trihydroxypiperidine Based Multivalent Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) Enhancers
Authors: Vanni Costanza , Clemente Francesca , Paoli Paolo , Morrone Amelia , Matassini Camilla , Goti Andrea , Cardona Francesca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of five new multivalent derivatives of a trihydroxypiperidine iminosugar was accomplished through copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of an azido ending piperidine and several propargylated scaffolds. The resulting multivalent architectures were assayed as inhibitors of lysosomal GCase, the defective enzyme in Gaucher disease. The multivalent compounds resulted in much more potent inhibitors than a parent monovalent reference compound, thus showing a good multivalent effect. Biological investigation of these compounds as pharmacological chaperones revealed that the trivalent derivative (12) gives a 2‐fold recovery of the GCase activity on Gaucher patient fibroblasts bearing the L444P/L444P mutations responsible for neuropathies. Additionally, a thermal denaturation experiment showed its ability to impart stability to the recombinant enzyme used in therapy.
Metal 3D Printed Nickel‐Based Self‐Catalytic Reactor for COx Methanation
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Peng Xiaobo , He Yingluo , Fan Jiaqi , Lin Xingyi , Jiang Lilong , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract3D printing technology can rapidly transform digital model into physical realization, and has been widely studied in many fields. However, its developments are very slow in the fields of catalysis and reaction engineering, due to harsh application environments. Here, we report that metal 3D printing is used to prepare Nickel‐based Self‐Catalytic Reactor (Ni‐SCR) for COx methanation. The optimized Ni‐SCR samples exhibit unique surface properties. The catalytic results reveal that they also possess premium methanation performance. This work will facilitate the developments both in 3D printing technologies and novel catalytic systems.
Formation of an Azaruthenacyclopentadiene Skeleton via Ammonia Activation by an Electron‐Deficient Ru3 Cluster
Authors: Takao Toshiro , Takahashi Yuta , Kai Masataka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA dicationic triruthenium complex containing a μ3‐η3‐C3 ring, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐C3MeH2−)(μ3‐CH)(μ‐H)]2+ (1 a, Cp*=η5‐C5Me5), reacted with ammonia to yield a μ‐amido complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐CHCMeCH) (μ3‐CH)(μ‐NH2)]2+ (5), via N−H bond scission. Subsequent treatment with base resulted in C−N bond formation to yield a μ3‐η2:η2‐1‐azabutadien‐4‐yl complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐CH)(μ3‐η2:η2‐NH=CH−CMe=CH−)]+ (6 a). The azaruthenacyclopentadiene skeleton was alternatively synthesized by the photolysis of mono‐cationic complex [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐C3RH2−)(μ3‐CH)]+ (2 a; R=Me, 2 b; R=H) in the presence of ammonia. The C3 ring skeleton was broken via the electron transfer to the π*(C−C) orbital in the C3 ring, and a transiently generated unsaturated μ3‐allylic species can take up ammonia, resulting in N−H bond scission followed by C−N bond formation.
Tri‐ and Tetra‐Substituted Derivatives of [Fe2(CO)6(μ‐dithiolate)] as Novel Dinuclear Platforms Related to the H‐Cluster of [FeFe]H2ases
Authors: Realini Francesca , Elleouet Catherine , Pétillon François Y. , Schollhammer Philippe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel carbonyl dithiolato diiron complexes [Fe2(CO)6‐xLx(μ‐dithiolate)] (x=3, 4), related to the active site of [FeFe]‐hydrogenases, have been synthesized by photolysis of hexacarbonyl species [Fe2(CO)6(μ‐dithiolate)] (dithiolate={S2(CH2)3} (pdt), {SCH2}2NR with R=iPr (adti−Pr) or Bn (adtBn)). The new compounds were characterized by structural and spectroscopic methods. Variable‐temperature (VT) NMR experiments revealed their fluxionality in solution depending on terminal ligands exchanges and dithiolate bridge motions. Preliminary results on their protonation giving hydride species and their electrochemical properties are reported.
Roles, experiences and perspectives of the stakeholders of “10,000 Lives” smoking cessation initiative in Central Queensland: Findings from an online survey during COVID‐19 situation
Authors: Khan Arifuzzaman , Green Kalie , Smoll Nicolas , Khandaker Gulam , Gartner Coral , Lawler Sheleigh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThe “10,000 Lives” initiative was launched in Central Queensland in November 2017 to reduce daily smoking prevalence to 9.5% by 2030 by promoting available smoking cessation interventions. One of the main strategies was to identify and engage possible stakeholders (local champions for the program) from hospitals and community organisations to increase conversations about smoking cessation and referrals to Quitline. We aimed to understand the roles, experiences and perceptions of stakeholders (possible champions for delivering smoking cessation support) of the “10,000 Lives” initiative in Central Queensland, Australia.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐method online survey during the COVID‐19 situation (23 June 2020 to 22 August 2020) with a cross‐section of possible stakeholders who were targeted for involvement in “10, 000 Lives” using a structured questionnaire with mostly closed‐ended questions. Questions were asked regarding their roles, experiences and perceptions about smoking cessation and “10,000 Lives”.ResultsAmong the 110 respondents, 52 (47.3%) reported having provided smoking cessation support, including referral to Quitline, brief intervention and promoting existing interventions. Among them (n = 52), 31 (59.6%) were from hospitals and health services, 14 (26.9%) were from community services and three (5.8%) were from private medical practices while four of them did not report their setting. Twenty‐five respondents (22.7%) self‐identified as being directly involved with the “10, 000 Lives” initiative, which significantly predicted provision of smoking cessation support (OR 6.0, 95% CI: 2.1‐19.8). However, a substantial proportion (63.5%) of those (n = 52) who reported delivering cessation support did not identify as contributing to “10,000 Lives”.ConclusionsStakeholders from hospitals, health services and community services are the main providers of smoking cessation support in Central Queensland. More could be done to support other stakeholders to feel confident about providing cessation support and to feel included in the initiative.So what?Engaging with a range of stakeholders is critical for health promotion program success, to further develop the program and to ensure its sustainability. As such, funding needs to be allocated to the activities that enable this process to occur.
Clinical role of serum histone deacetylase 4 measurement in acute ischemic stroke: Relation to disease risk, severity, and prognosis
Authors: Wang Min , Pang XuYang , Lu Huaihai , Wang Xudong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveHistone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is engaged in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) through modulating atherosclerosis, inflammation and neurocyte death. This study aimed to investigate the clinical role of HDAC4 in AIS.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 176 AIS patients and 80 controls for HDAC4 detection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In AIS patients, disease severity was assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and their recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were detected by ELISA.ResultsHDAC4 was declined in AIS patients vs. controls (p < 0.001), it also had certain ability of distinguishing AIS patients from controls with an area under curve of 0.748 (95% confidence interval: 0.689–0.806). Among AIS patients, HDAC4 was negatively linked with NIHSS score (p < 0.001) but no other clinical features (all p > 0.05). Moreover, HDAC4 was negatively related to interleukin (IL)‐17 (p = 0.010) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p = 0.001), while it was not correlated with IL‐1β (p = 0.081) or IL‐6 (p = 0.074). Furthermore, HDAC4 was negatively associated with intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (p < 0.001) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (p = 0.003). During a median follow‐up of 19.0 months, 17 (9.7%) patients had recurrence and 10 (5.7%) patients died. Additionally, high HDAC4 was linked with prolonged RFS (p = 0.044) but not OS (p = 0.079).ConclusionHDAC4 possesses the potential to monitor disease risk, inflammation and estimate recurrence of AIS, while further study with larger scale is needed to verify our findings.
Failure correction of antenna arrays using convex optimization
Authors: Bai Guo , Feng Ju , Liu Yuanzhi , Cheng You‐Feng , Liao Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, a convex optimization method for failure correction of impaired antenna arrays is proposed. The number of elements to be corrected is iteratively minimized through the reweighted L1‐norm algorithm while the corrected radiation pattern can be also ensured to be nearly consistent with the original one. Numerical results of a linear and a planar array correction demonstrate the better performance of the proposed method in terms of pattern consistency, number of corrected elements, and iteration speed compared with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Quasi‐Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Expanding Cash Welfare
Authors: Freedman Matthew , Kim Yoonjung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the labor supply and consumption responses to cash assistance delivered through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program in the United States. Exploiting a sharp increase in cash benefit generosity for low‐income single‐parent families in New Hampshire due to a legislative revision to payment calculations, we implement difference‐in‐differences and triple‐differences to estimate the impacts of greater benefits on work behavior as well as on food expenditures and food security. Our results suggest that more generous cash assistance reduces labor supply among likely TANF‐eligible individuals. At the same time, greater cash benefits increase household food spending and reduce the incidence of food insecurity. Our findings speak to individual and family responses to expanded cash assistance in an era in which cash welfare is at historically low levels, is time limited, and imposes work requirements.
Respiratory system as the main determinant of dyspnea in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mitrouska Ioanna , Bolaki Maria , Vaporidi Katerina , Georgopoulos Dimitris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDyspnea on exertion is a devastating symptom, commonly observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pathophysiology of dyspnea in these patients has been mainly attributed to cardiovascular determinants and isolated abnormalities of the respiratory system during exercise, neglecting the contribution of the control of the breathing system. The aim of this review is to provide a novel approach to the interpretation of dyspnea in patients with PH, focused on the impact of the control of the breathing system during exercise. Exercise through multiple mechanisms affects the (1) ventilatory demands, as dictated by respiratory center activity, (2) actual ventilation, and (3) metabolic hyperbola. In patients with PH, exertional dyspnea can be explained by exercise‐induced alterations in these variables. Compared to healthy subjects, at a given CO2 production during exercise, ventilatory demands in patients with PH are higher due to metabolic acidosis (early reaching the anaerobic threshold), hypoxemia, and excessive upward movement of metabolic hyperbola owing to abnormal exercise response of dead space to tidal volume ratio. Simultaneously, dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory muscles weakness decreases the actual ventilation for a given respiratory center activity, creating a dissociation between demands and ventilation. Consequently, a progressive increase in ventilatory demands and respiratory center activity occurs during exercise. The forebrain projection of high respiratory center activity causes exertional dyspnea despite the relatively low ventilation and significant ventilatory reserve. This type of analysis suggests that the respiratory system is the main determinant of exertional dyspnea in patients with PH, with the cardiovascular system being an indirect contributor.