bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTRH2 is Necessary for Purkinje Cell Differentiation and Survival and its Loss Recapitulates Progressive Cerebellar Atrophy and Ataxia Seen in IMNEPD Patients
Authors: Picker-Minh Sylvie , Luperi Ilaria , Ravindran Ethiraj , Kraemer Nadine , Zaqout Sami , Stoltenburg-Didinger Gisela , Ninnemann Olaf , Hernandez-Miranda Luis R. , Mani Shyamala , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHom
ozygous variants in the peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2 gene (PTRH2) cause infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease. The objective is to delineate the mechanisms underlying the core cerebellar phenotype in this disease. For this, we generated constitutive (Ptrh2LoxPxhCMVCre, Ptrh2−/− mice) and Purkinje cell (PC) specific (Ptrh2LoxPxPcp2Cre, Ptrh2ΔPCmice) Ptrh2 mutant mouse models and investigated the effect of the loss of Ptrh2 on cerebellar development. We show that Ptrh2−/− knockout mice had severe postnatal runting and lethality by postnatal day 14. Ptrh2ΔPC PC specific knockout mice survived until adult age; however, they showed progressive cerebellar atrophy and functional cerebellar deficits with abnormal gait and ataxia. PCs of Ptrh2ΔPC mice had reduced cell size and density, stunted dendrites, and lower levels of ribosomal protein S6, a readout of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. By adulthood, there was a marked loss of PCs. Thus, we identify a cell autonomous requirement for PTRH2 in PC maturation and survival. Loss of PTRH2 in PCs leads to downregulation of the mTOR pathway and PC atrophy. This suggests a molecular mechanism underlying the ataxia and cerebellar atrophy seen in patients with PTRH2 mutations leading to infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease.
Leveraging learning experience design: digital media approaches to influence motivational traits that support student learning behaviors in undergraduate online courses
Authors: Wong Joseph T. , Hughes Bradley S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigher education may benefit from investigating alternative evidence-based methods of online learning to understand students’ learning behaviors while considering students’ social cognitive motivational traits. Researchers conducted an in situ design-based research (DBR) study to investigate learner experience design (LXD) methods, deploying approaches of asynchronous video, course dashboards, and enhanced user experience. This mixed-methods study (N = 181) assessed associations of students’ social cognitive motivational traits (self-efficacy, task-value, self-regulation) influencing their learning behaviors (engagement, elaboration, critical thinking) resulting from LXD. Social cognitive motivational traits were positively predictive of learning behaviors. As motivational factors increased, students’ course engagement, usage of elaboration, and critical thinking skills increased. Self-efficacy, task-value, and self-regulation explained 31% of the variance of engagement, 47% of the explained variance of critical thinking skills, and 57% of the explained variance in the usage of elaboration. As a predictor, task-value beliefs increased the proportion of explained variance in each model significantly, above self-efficacy and self-regulation. Qualitative content analysis corroborated these findings, explaining how LXD efforts contributed to motivations, learning behaviors, and learning experience. Results suggest that mechanisms underpinning LXD and students’ learning behaviors are likely the result of dynamically catalyzing social cognitive motivational factors. The discussion concludes with the LXD affordances that explain the positive influences in students’ social cognitive motivational traits and learning behaviors, while also considering constraints for future iterations.
Air plasma-sprayed high-entropy (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12 coating with high thermal protection performance
Authors: Wang Kailun , Zhu Jinpeng , Wang Hailong , Yang Kaijun , Zhu Yameng , Qing Yubin , Ma Zhuang , Gao Lihong , Liu Yanbo , Wei Sihao , Shu Yongchun , Zhou Yanchun , He Jilin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-entropy rare-earth aluminate (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12 (HE-RE3Al5O12) has been considered as a promising thermal protection coating (TPC) material based on its low thermal conductivity and close thermal expansion coefficient to that of Al2O3. However, such a coating has not been experimentally prepared, and its thermal protection performance has not been evaluated. To prove the feasibility of utilizing HE-RE3Al5O12 as a TPC, HE-RE3Al5O12 coating was deposited on a nickelbased superalloy for the first time using the atmospheric plasma spraying technique. The stability, surface, and cross-sectional morphologies, as well as the fracture surface of the HE-RE3Al5O12 coating were investigated, and the thermal shock resistance was evaluated using the oxyacetylene flame test. The results show that the HE-RE3Al5O12 coating can remain intact after 50 cycles at 1200 °C for 200 s, while the edge peeling phenomenon occurs after 10 cycles at 1400 °C for 200 s. This study clearly demonstrates that HE-RE3Al5O12 coating is effective for protecting the nickel-based superalloy, and the atmospheric plasma spraying is a suitable method for preparing this kind of coatings.
Feature selection based on self-information and entropy measures for incomplete neighborhood decision systems
Authors: Yuan Meng , Xu Jiucheng , Li Tao , Sun Yuanhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor incomplete datasets with mixed numerical and symbolic features, feature selection based on neighborhood multi-granulation rough sets (NMRS) is developing rapidly. However, its evaluation function only considers the information contained in the lower approximation of the neighborhood decision, which easily leads to the loss of some information. To solve this problem, we construct a novel NMRS-based uncertain measure for feature selection, named neighborhood multi-granulation self-information-based pessimistic neighborhood multi-granulation tolerance joint entropy (PTSIJE), which can be used to incomplete neighborhood decision systems. First, from the algebra view, four kinds of neighborhood multi-granulation self-information measures of decision variables are proposed by using the upper and lower approximations of NMRS. We discuss the related properties, and find the fourth measure-lenient neighborhood multi-granulation self-information measure (NMSI) has better classification performance. Then, inspired by the algebra and information views simultaneously, a feature selection method based on PTSIJE is proposed. Finally, the Fisher score method is used to delete uncorrelated features to reduce the computational complexity for high-dimensional gene datasets, and a heuristic feature selection algorithm is raised to improve classification performance for mixed and incomplete datasets. Experimental results on 11 datasets show that our method selects fewer features and has higher classification accuracy than related methods.
School Performance and Young Adult Crime in a Brazilian Birth Cohort
Authors: Martins Rafaela Costa , Gonçalves Helen , Blumenberg Cauane , Könsgen Bruno , Houvèssou Gbènankpon M. , Carone Caroline , Gil Jesus David , Lautenschläger Priscila , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Murray Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoor school performance may increase the risk of crime and violence via effects on self-esteem, risky behaviours, peer networks, and perceived stakes in society. Despite very high rates of violence in Latin America, no longitudinal research has addressed this issue in the region. Two aspects of educational performance (grade repetition and school completion) were examined during adolescence in a population-based Brazilian birth cohort study (n = 3584). Violent and non-violent crime were measured at age 22 years in confidential self-reports; sociodemographic, family, and individual confounders were measured between birth and age 11 years, and potential mediators were measured at age 18 years. The prevalence of violent and non-violent crimes at 22 years was 8.2% and 3.3%, respectively, referring to acts in the previous twelve months. For youth repeating school grades three times or more, the odds of violent crime were 2.4 (95%CI: 1.6–3.6) times higher than for those who had not repeated any school grade. Youth completing school had a lower risk for both violent (OR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.4–0.7) and non-violent crime (OR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.2–0.5), compared to those who did not finish school by the expected age. The protective effect of completing school was independent of the number of grades previously repeated. In conclusion, repeating school grades was associated with increased risk for crime; however, successfully managing to complete school by the expected age was an important protective factor against crime, even after multiple grade repetitions.
Incentivization matters: a meta-perspective on dictator games
Authors: Grech Philip D. , Nax Heinrich H. , Soos Adrian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDictator game experiments come in three flavors: plain vanilla with strictly dichotomous separation of dictator and recipient roles, an interactive alternative whereby every subject acts in both roles, and a variant thereof with role uncertainty. We add information regarding which of these three protocols was used to data from the leading meta-study by Engel (Exp Econ 14(4):583–610, 2011) and investigate how these variations matter. Our meta-regressions suggest that interactive protocols with role duality compared with standard protocols, in addition to being relevant as a control for other effects, render subjects’ giving less generous but more efficiency-oriented. Our results help organize existing findings in the field and indicate sources of confounds.
CUBCO+: prediction of protein complexes based on min-cut network partitioning into biclique spanned subgraphs
Authors: Omranian Sara , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-throughput proteomics approaches have resulted in large-scale protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks that have been employed for the prediction of protein complexes. However, PPI networks contain false-positive as well as false-negative PPIs that affect the protein complex prediction algorithms. To address this issue, here we propose an algorithm called CUBCO+ that: (1) employs GO semantic similarity to retain only biologically relevant interactions with a high similarity score, (2) based on link prediction approaches, scores the false-negative edges, and (3) incorporates the resulting scores to predict protein complexes. Through comprehensive analyses with PPIs from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens, we show that CUBCO+ performs as well as the approaches that predict protein complexes based on recently introduced graph partitions into biclique spanned subgraphs and outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we illustrate that in combination with GO semantic similarity, CUBCO+ enables us to predict more accurate protein complexes in 36% of the cases in comparison to CUBCO as its predecessor.
Numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluid–structure interaction benchmarks and their application to the human eye
Authors: Drobny Alexander , Friedmann Elfriede 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a numerical solution method for time-dependent viscoelastic fluid–structure interaction employing the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework. The derived monolithic variational formulation is discretized in time using the shifted Crank–Nicolson scheme and in space using the finite element method. For the linearisation we employ Newton’s method with exact Jacobians. The viscoelastic fluid is modelled either using the Oldroyd-B or a Burgers-type model. The elastic structures are non-linear hyperelastic materials. We validate the implementation on benchmark problems and numerically analyse the convergence for global mesh refinement and adaptive mesh refinement using the dual-weighted residual method. Furthermore we numerically analyse the influence of the viscoelasticity of the fluid on typical goal functionals like the drag, the lift and the displacement. The derived numerical solution method is applied to ophthalmology where we analyse the interaction of the viscoelastic vitreous with its surrounding elastic structures.
Spatio-temporal monitoring of potentially toxic elements in Lagos harbour water and its health risk implications
Authors: Basheeru Kazeem A. , Adekola Folahan A. , Abdus-Salam Nasir , Okoro Hussein K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContinuous discharge of industrial and domestic inputs from various processes into the Lagos lagoon has significantly affected the quality of the aquatic environment, as a result of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) being released into the harbour during anthropogenic activities. This study involved monitoring the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in Lagos harbour during the dry and wet seasons. The PTEs can pose a serious ecological threat to the marine environment as well as human beings when the level of priority metals like cadmium, lead, and chromium is beyond World Health Organization (WHO) limits of 0.003, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The shipping activities within the harbour play a significant role in the generation of these toxic metals. The diverse nature of these metals coexisting with their oxidation states in aquatic environments and their bioaccumulation influences the toxicity of PTEs towards the living organism. The quantification of these metals with highly selective and accurate instrumentation is imperative. Ion-selective exchangers and other functionalized composite nanomaterial are critical for harbour water remediation because of the high risk that could be associated with prolonged exposure to these toxic elements especially when the carcinogenic risk value is greater than 1 × 10−6 mg/kg/day.
Concept-Based Label Distribution Learning for Text Classification
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Guimin , Li Yiqun , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Yabing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractText classification is a crucial task in data mining and artificial intelligence. In recent years, deep learning-based text classification methods have made great development. The deep learning methods supervise model training by representing a label as a one-hot vector. However, the one-hot label representation cannot adequately reflect the relation between an instance and the labels, as labels are often not completely independent, and the instance may be associated with multiple labels in practice. Simply representing the labels as one-hot vectors leads to overconfidence in the model, making it difficult to distinguish some label confusions. In this paper, we propose a simulated label distribution method based on concepts (SLDC) to tackle this problem. This method captures the overlap between the labels by computing the similarity between an instance and the labels and generates a new simulated label distribution for assisting model training. In particular, we incorporate conceptual information from the knowledge base into the representation of instances and labels to address the surface mismatching problem when instances and labels are compared for similarity. Moreover, to fully use the simulated label distribution and the original label vector, we set up a multi-loss function to supervise the training process. Expensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SLDC on five complex text classification datasets. Further experiments also verify that SLDC is especially helpful for confused datasets.
Rescue Activity of a Civilian Helicopter Emergency Medical Service in the Western Cape, South Africa: A 5-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Park-Ross Jocelyn Frances , Howard Ian , Hodkinson Peter 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Helicopter search and rescue (SAR) in Africa is conducted primarily by military organizations. Since 2002, the Western Cape of South Africa has had a dedicated contracted civilian helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) conducting air ambulance, terrestrial, and aquatic rescue. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the operations of an African helicopter rescue service. Methods A 5-y retrospective review of the terrestrial and aquatic helicopter rescue activity of a civilian-operated HEMS in the Western Cape, South Africa, from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016, was conducted. Data were extracted from the organization’s operational database, aviation documents, rescue reports, and patient care records. Patient demographics and activity at the time of rescue, temporal and geographical distribution, crewing compositions, patient injury, triage, clinical interventions, and rescue techniques were analyzed. Results A total of 581 SAR missions were conducted, of which 451 were terrestrial and 130 were aquatic rescues. The highest volume of rescues was conducted within the urban Cape Peninsula. Hoisting using a rescue harness was the most common rescue technique used. A total of 644 patients were rescued, with no or minor injuries representing 79% of the sample. Trauma (33%, 196/644) was the most common medical reason for rescue, with lower limb trauma predominant (15%, 90/644). The most common clinical interventions performed were intravenous access (n=108, 24%), spinal immobilization (n=92, 21%), splinting (n=76, 17%), and analgesia administration (n=58, 13%). Conclusions The rescue techniques utilized are similar to those described in high-income settings. Uninjured patients comprised the majority of the patients rescued.
Behavioural prompts to increase early filing of tax returns: a population-level randomised controlled trial of 11.2 million taxpayers in Indonesia
Authors: Persian Ruth , Prastuti Gitarani , Adityawarman  , Bogiatzis-Gibbons Daniel , Kurniawan Muhammad Hakim , Subroto Gatot , Mustakim Muhammad , Scheunemann Laurenz , Gandy Kizzy , Sutherland Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Indonesia, as in other countries, a large proportion of tax returns are filed at the last minute. In a population-wide randomised controlled trial (n= 11,157,069), we evaluated the impact of behavioural email prompts on the proportion of annual tax returns filed at least two weeks before the deadline; and overall filing rate. In two control conditions, taxpayers either received no email or an email used in prior years, emphasising regulatory information. The five treatments informed by behavioural science were (1) a simplified version of the existing email, emphasising early filing; (2) the simplified version with additional guidance on filing taxes; (3) the simplified version with a planning prompt and option to sign up for email reminders; (4) a version combining treatments 1, 2 and 3; and (5) an email appealing to national pride. Compared to the no-email control, all emails led to a statistically significant increase in early and overall filing rates. The planning email (3) was the most effective, increasing early filling from 34.9% to 37% (b2.07 percentage points (pp), p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97–2.17pp), and overall filing from 65.6% to 66.7% (b1.10pp, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.99–1.19pp).
The Pantheon+ analysis: Improving the redshifts and peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernovae used in cosmological analyses
Authors: Carr Anthony , Davis Tamara M. , Scolnic Dan , Said Khaled , Brout Dillon , Peterson Erik R. , Kessler Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine the redshifts of a comprehensive set of published Type Ia supernovae, and provide a combined, improved catalogue with updated redshifts. We improve on the original catalogues by using the most up-to-date heliocentric redshift data available; ensuring all redshifts have uncertainty estimates; using the exact formulae to convert heliocentric redshifts into the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) frame; and utilising an improved peculiar velocity model that calculates local motions in redshift-space and more realistically accounts for the external bulk flow at high-redshifts. We review 2607 supernova redshifts; 2285 are from unique supernovae and 322 are from repeat-observations of the same supernova. In total, we updated 990 unique heliocentric redshifts, and found 5 cases of missing or incorrect heliocentric corrections, 44 incorrect or missing supernova coordinates, 230 missing heliocentric or CMB frame redshifts, and 1200 missing redshift uncertainties. The absolute corrections range between$10^{-8} \leq \Delta z \leq 0.038$, and RMS$(\Delta z) \sim 3{\times 10^{-3}}$. The sign of the correction was essentially random, so the mean and median corrections are small:$4{\times 10^{-4}}$and$4{\times 10^{-6}}$respectively. We examine the impact of these improvements for$H_0$and the dark energy equation of statewand find that the cosmological results change by$\Delta H_0 = -0.12\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$and$\Delta w = 0.003$, both significantly smaller than previously reported uncertainties for$H_0$of 1.0$\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$andwof 0.04 respectively.
Reshaping the figure of the Shudra: Tukaram Padwal’s Jatibhed Viveksar (Reflections on the Institution of Caste)
Authors: Jaywant Ketaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the genealogy of modern anti-caste critique is incomplete without a contextualized and close reading of Jatibhed Viveksar, a nineteenth-century Marathi-language text written under the pseudonym Ek Hindu (‘One Hindu’ or ‘A Hindu’). One of the first lower-caste commentaries in the Marathi print-world, the treatise clearly departed from the earlier iterations of non-Brahman caste politics in western India and laid the groundwork for what later came to be known as the ‘anti-caste movement’. I demonstrate how Jatibhed Viveksar engaged with preceding expressions of caste politics in western India by disputing two commonly deployed concepts in early modern caste controversies: first, the received proscriptions against varna sankara (or the intermixing of castes) and, second, the idea that the Shudras were the progeny of the ‘moral failure’ of varna sankara. Ek Hindu argued that not just the Shudras, but the Brahmans too have mixed-caste ancestors and thus cannot claim purity of lineage. Moreover, the author wrested the Shudras from a constellation of negative meanings by deploying the ‘Aryan invasion narrative’; he represented them as indigenous heroes who were vanquished by the Aryan-Brahmans. The conceptual innovations, intellectual sources, and frames of thought mobilized by Jatibhed Viveksar have significantly shaped the common sense of the ensuing articulations of anti-caste politics.
Subject matters: Imperialism and the constitution of International Relations
Authors: Kristensen Peter Marcus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the critical historical research that has demythologised the ‘noble origins’ of the International Relations discipline (IR) by exposing its imperial, colonial, and racist legacies. Where most critical historiographies have unveiled the centrality of racialised and imperialist ontologies in individual thinkers and theories, this article traces imperialist origins of international thought by reconstructing its impact on administrative-institutional infrastructures. Specifically, it interrogates the most systematic and institutionalised attempt to define the ‘subject matter’ of IR under the International Studies Conference (ISC) organised by the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) of the League of Nations. Through a parallel reading of the archives from ISC's ‘administrative meetings’ and ‘study meetings’, the article contends that the seemingly academic discussions on the subject matter of IR in the ‘administrative meetings’ were in fact intertwined with the imperialist-colonial politics central to ‘study meetings’. The article thus not only challenges IR's conventional history, but its historical ontologies by revealing how race and empire were central to the constitution of its very subject matter and its early institutionalisation.