bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROS interrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting TET2-dependent ZO-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Lan , Mao Bei , Fan Keyang , Sun Renqiang , Zhang Jialong , Liang Huazheng , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions. Among them, the ten-eleven translocation (TET) methyl cytosine dioxygenase is key to oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), subsequent 5-formylcytosine (5fC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), and eventually to unmodified cytosine. However, few studies have investigated the role of Tet2 in regulating expression of tight junction proteins of the blood brain barrier. In the present study, we found that the level of 5hmC decreased in endothelial cells of aging brains. It was even weaker in endothelial cells of 8-week and 12-month old Tet2 knockout (KO) mice. Similar phenomenon was observed in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression by endothelial cells. Simultaneously, it was found there was an increased number of microglia in the Tet2 KO mouse. In vascular endothelial cell experiments, we found that H2O2 significantly decreased expression of 5hmC and ZO-1. Tet2 knock-down using siRNA significantly decreased the level of ZO-1 in endothelial cells. MeChip-PCR showed that the level of 5hmC in the ZO-1 promoter region was significantly decreased by H2O2, which was significantly rescued by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). These findings were also observed in human brains where decreased levels of 5hmC in brain endothelial cells were accompanied by reduced levels of ZO-1. These findings indicate that DNA methylation and demethylation is essential in regulating the integrity of blood brain barrier. This might be a potential target for neuroprotection during aging and in diverse neurological conditions.
Ophthalmıc Sıtuatıon of The Patıents With Chronıc Renal Faılure Undergoıng Haemodıalysıs
Authors: Ulusoy Mahmut Oğuz , Küçüködük Ali , Atakan Mehmet , Kal Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Haemodialysis(HD) is the unique treatment modality for end stage chronic renal failure (ESCRF) patients. In these patients , refractive changes , dry eye, increased tear osmolarity, conjunctival calcium deposits, band keratopathy, corneal endothelium changes, lenticular opacity, macular edema, ischemic optic neuropathy, elevated intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, and retinal hemorrhage can be seen due to haemodialysis or ESCRF. We aimed to assess the ophthalmological situation of the patients with ESCRF undergoing haemodailysis Methods:A total of 504 eyes of 252 patients with ESCRF undergoing haemodialysis were recruited in this study. All patients were asked about demographic factors, renal failure and haemodialysis information.All participants were underwent total ophthalmologic examinationResults:A hundred and twenty patients were female, the average age was 65.21+ 13.15 years (range 21-87) and average duration of haemodailysis was 4.95+4.25 years (2-20). The most reasons of the chronic renal failure is hypertension 119/252 (47.2%) eyes were pseudophacic and 170 (33.7%) eyes have cataract in different grades. 120 of 504 (23.8%)eyes have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DRP) , 28 of 504 (5.5%) have non-proliferative DRP , 20 of 504 (3.9%) have choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) , 56 of 504 (11.1%) have geographic atrophy, 36/504(7.1 %) have drusen , and 60/504 (11.9%) have epiretinale membrane. Twenty (7.8%)patients have glaucoma and 94 (37.1%) patients have dry eye disease .Conclusion:The most common vision threatening situation in ESCRF patients was cataract. 76.5% of the eyes have still cataract or had cataract surgery. Most common ocular surface problem was dry eye disease (37.1%).In addition ,proliferative DRP rate was more than in all diabetic population, because they are probably at last stages of the organs affected by diabetes mellitus.
Atomic-Scale Understanding Of The Na And Cl Remotion From Seawater Promoted By Mo1.33C(OH)2-Mxene
Authors: Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Muñoz-Pizza Dalia M. , Moreno-Armenta Ma Guadalupe , Takeuchi Noboru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Drinking water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions is a reality that may turn into a global healthcare problem in the next few years. The scientific community is always looking for new materials to achieve effective sea and brackish water desalination to reduce water scarcity. Commonly, theoretical and experimental methods make a synergy to better understand and explain the chemical and physical processes in water desalination electrodes. In this way, experimental evidence pointed to Mo1.33CTz MXene as an efficient ion intercalation material, in which both Na cations and Cl anions are removed. However, the atomic-scale understanding of the physico-chemical processes due to the cation and anion interaction with the MXene is still unknown. We report the Na cation and Cl anion interaction with an OH functionalized Mo1.33C monolayer through a comprehensive first-principles density functional theory assessment. Results demonstrate that Na atoms attach to Oxygen, whereas Cl atoms bond through hydrogen bonds to the functional groups in the Mxene, these bonds have two energy contributions: electrostatic and charge transfer, which increases its adsorption energy. Electrostatic potential isosurface calculations evidenced reactive sites. Oxygen atoms have an affinity for the electropositive Na atoms, whereas hydrogen atoms -of the hydroxyl groups- interact with the electronegative Cl atoms. Bader charge analysis and non-covalent interaction isosurfaces help clarifying the way cations and anions attach to the MXene layer. Our findings explain why OH-functionalized Mo1.33C can efficiently remove both anions and cations based on their affinities with the functional groups present in the MXene.
Chronic Morphine Exposure distorts Gut-Brain Interrelationships in SHIV Infected Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Olwenyi Omalla A. , Johnson Samuel D. , Bidokhti Mehdi , Thakur Vandana , Pandey Kabita , Thurman Michellie , Acharya Arpan , Uppada Srijayaprakash , Callen Shannon , Giavedoni Luis , Ranga Udaykumar , Buch Shilpa J. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Commonly used opioids, such as morphine have been implicated in augmented SIV/HIV persistence within the Central Nervous System (CNS). However, the extent of myeloid cell polarization and viral persistence in different brain regions with diverse environmental niches remains unclear. Additionally, the additive effects of morphine on SIV/HIV dysregulation of gut-brain crosstalk remain underexplored. Therefore, studies focused on understanding how drugs of abuse such as morphine affect immune dynamics, viral persistence and gut brain interrelationships are warranted. MethodsFor a total of 9 weeks, rhesus macaques were ramped-up, and a single daily injection of either morphine (n=4) or saline (n=4) administered. This was later followed with infection with SHIVAD8EO variants. At necropsy, mononuclear cells were isolated from diverse brain (frontal lobe, cerebellum, medulla, putamen, hippocampus (HIP) and subventricular zone (SVZ)) and gut (lamina propria (LP) and muscularis (MUSC) of ascending colon, duodenum, and ileum) regions. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to were profile for myeloid cell polarity/ activation and results corroborated with indirect immunofluorescence assays. SHIV DNA levels were measured with aid of the digital droplet PCR assay. Luminex assays was used to evaluate soluble plasma/ CSF biomarker levels. Finally, changes in the fecal microbiome were evaluated using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. ResultsFlow Cytometry-based semi-supervised analysis revealed that morphine exposure led to exacerbated M1(CD14/ CD16)/ M2 (CD163/ CD206) polarization in activated microglia that spanned across diverse brain regions. This was accompanied by elevated SHIV DNA within the sites of neurogenesis - hippocampus (HIP) and subventricular zone (SVZ). HIP/SVZ CD16+ activated microglia positively correlated with SHIV DNA levels in the brain (r = 0.548, p = 0.042). Simultaneously, morphine dependence depleted butyrate-producing bacteria, including Ruminococcus (p = 0.05), Lachnospira (p = 0.068) genera and Roseburia_sp._831b (p = 0.068). Finally, morphine also altered the regulation of CNS inflammation by reducing the levels of IL1 Receptor antagonist (IL1Ra). ConclusionsThese findings are suggestive that morphine can promote CNS inflammation by altering receptor modulation, increasing myeloid brain activation, distorting gut-brain crosstalk, and causing selective enhancement of SHIV persistence in sites of neurogenesis.
The effect of probiotics and phototherapy combined application in comparison with phototherapy alone on bilirubin reduction in term neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Eghbalian Fatemeh , Sabzehei Mohamad Kazem , Reisi Roya , Talesh Soroush Taheri 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics and phototherapy combined application in comparison with phototherapy alone on bilirubin reduction in term neonates hospitalized in Iran.Methods: This clinical trial study included 150 term neonates diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. Patients were equally assigned to two groups of phototherapy with oral probiotics (PediLact drop, 10 drops daily) and phototherapy alone through a simple random sampling method. Serum Bilirubin Levels (SBL) at the time of intervention, 24, 48, and 72 hours later, duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, and the need for blood transfusion were compared in the two groups.Results: The mean serum bilirubin level (SBL) on the first day of hospitalization was 15.6±1.7 mg/dl in the combinatory therapy group, and it was 15.8±1.6 mg/dl in the Monotherapy group (P=0.584). The mean serum level (SBL) on the second day in the combinatory therapy group was 11.2±2.2, and in the other group it was 12.4±2.1, and on the third day, they were 7.2±0.9 and 7.8±0.7, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The mean hospital stay time in the combinatory therapy group was 2.4±0.5, and in the phototherapy group, it was 2.8±0.6 days (P = 0.001). The duration of phototherapy in the combinatory therapy group was 26.2±9.9 days, and in the phototherapy group, it was 31.4±10.3 hours (P = 0.001).Conclusions: The findings show that the addition of oral probiotics to phototherapy in neonatal jaundice treatment is associated with phototherapy duration reduction and hospital stay time.
The small-size laser shock clinch-bonded hybrid joining of Al foils
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Lu Guoxin , Ji Zhong , Liu Ren , Zheng Chao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an original process that making small-sized clinch-bonded hybrid joints by laser shock forming is put forward and developed, two metal foils, one adhesive layer and one perforated stainless steel sheet are joined together under continuous laser shocks. Finite element models are established to simulate the forming process and the shearing behavior of the hybrid joints. The effect of the adhesive on the manufacturing process is emphatically discussed. The shearing and peeling tests of the hybrid joints are compared with that of single clinched and pure bonded joints. The failure mode of the hybrid joint under loading is analyzed along with numerical simulation taking a shearing test for instance. The experimental results show that the cured adhesive with thin thickness is beneficial to the subsequent clinching process; the application of adhesive can greatly improve the mechanical strength of the single mechanical clinched joints; the failure process of the hybrid joints is that the adhesive fails first and then the interlock. The laser shock forming has enabled the precision manufacturing of small-sized clinch-bonded hybrid joints, which can play a significant role in electronic component processing and other special working conditions.
Pre-existence of Diabetes Mellitus Improves Cerebral Perfusion During Middle Cerebral Artery Severe Stenosis or Chronic Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Li Zheng , Zhang Mei-juan , Tian Chuan-shuai , LUO Yun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose—Collateral flow compensation followed by cerebrovascular stenosis is closely correlated to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Many evidences indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) probably had impact on it, but the exact extent was unclear. Aim of this study is to investigate the impact of DM on collateral flow of patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Methods—We retrospectively identified patients from our registry of patients who had severe stenosis or occlusion in the MCA diagnosed by digital substraction angiography (DSA), besides it, collateral flow compensation was also assessed by magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP). Relative parameters of perfusion (MTT, TTP, CBF, CBV) in the different areas including Am, Lm, Pm, Bm were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Based on this background, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent correlation between DM and above MRP values with obvious difference, so did the correlation between they and HbA1c or fasting blood glucose (FBG) through Spearman correlation coefficient. Results—105 patients were included in this study, with 73 patients belong to non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) group and 32 patients belong to DM group. Older age, higher fibrinogen (FIB) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), higher percent of hypertension were seen in the DM group compared to the NDM group. Higher ipsilateral/contralateral ratio of CBF and CBV in Lm area was observed in DM group in contrast with NDM group, and lower ipsilateral/contralateral ratio of MTT was observed in DM group in Am and Lm areas, so did TTP in Lm and Pm areas. Independent correlation was also maintained between DM and Lm-CBF, Lm-CBV, Lm-MTT, Lm-TTP, Am-MTT, Pm-TTP through multivariable logistic regression. Both FBG and HbA1c were correlated to part of above parameters of ipsilateral/contralateral ratio, while the impact of FBG was more prominent. Conclusions—DM can partly improve cerebral hypoperfusion due to severe stenosis or occlusive in the MCA, which is probably originated from microvascular remodeling induced by pre-existence of DM.
Screening and in Vitro Validation of Mushroom Derived Compounds Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Baig Mohammad Hassan , Turk Ayman , Khan Mohd Imran , Dong Jae-June , Lee Dae Hee , Kim Young Guk , Lee Mi Kyeong , Cho Jae-Yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It’s been more than 2 years since the first outbreak of COVID-19, and still the pandemic is devastating the world and is standing as significant threat to the worldwide medical settings. The reports of new variants, absence of globally approved therapeutics are the major reasons responsible for the continuously increasing number of cases and mortalities. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a well reported and a key therapeutic target for designing drugs to treat COVID-19. The medicinal properties of mushrooms and its derived natural compounds are well established. Here in this study, we have performed the virtual screening of mushroom-derived compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Cordycepin was found to be the most active compound against Mpro. The compound was further isolated from C. militaris and in vitro assay was performed to confirm its antivirals potential against SARS-CoV-2. Our findings show cordycepin to be a promising candidate against COVID-19.
Plasma Fatty Acids, Not Dietary Fatty Acids, Associated with Obesity in Four Ethnic Minority Groups Unique to Southwest China: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhang Teng , Li Yanru , Zhong Dubo , Wang Songmei , Xu Fang , Zhang Xuehui , Feng Yuemei , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) and plasma fatty acids (PFAs) are linked with obesity. However, whether this association exists amongst ethnic minorities remains lacking. The present case-control study was designed to investigate the correlation between DFAs, PFAs and obesity in 4 ethnic minority groups to Southwest China.Method: A total of 166 obese people, and 166 normal-BMI subjects were recruited from 4 different ethnic minority groups. The subjects were also matched based on their age-, sex-, and ethnicity. DFAs were obtained through food frequency questionnaires. PFAs were assayed by GC/MS method. Binary and multiple regression analyses were preformed to evaluate the correlation among DFAs, PFAs and obesity. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was conducted to assess the relationship between DFAs and PFAs. Results: FAs were found to be highest in the Naxi people and lowest in the Hani people. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma C16:0 (OR = 1.310; 95% CI, 1.028 - 1.669; P < 0.05) in the Hani people, plasma C18:0 (OR = 0.499; 95% CI, 0.343 - 0.727; P < 0.05) in the Naxi people, plasma C20:3 n-6 (OR = 6.250; 95% CI, 1.224 - 31.927; P < 0.05) in the Wa people were seen to be independent predictive factors for obesity. CCA showed that DFAs were positively correlated with PFAs in the Naxi (r: 0.676; P < 0.05) and Bulang people (r: 0.897; P < 0.05), but there was no correlation in the Hani and Wa people. Conclusion: In this study, PFAs but not DFAs were independently associated with obesity, and different among the 4 ethnic minorities.
Association of Environment and Occupations Factors With Semen Quality in Male Partners of Couples Trying to Conceive
Authors: Mai Hanran , Ke Junyi , Li Miaomiao , He Menghua , Qu Yanxia , Jiang Fan , Cai Simian , Xu Yufen , Fu Lanyan , Pi Lei , Zhou Huazhong , Che Di , Gu Xiaoqiong , Zuo Liandong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Sperm quality can be easily influenced by environment and occupations factors. Yet, due to complexity and diversity of factors we are facing in everyday life, there are difficulties in collecting patients’ information in the outpatient department, which factors might influence sperm quality then lengthen TTP remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to discover potential semen quality related environment as well as occupation factors, and assist clinical decision making.Methods: A total of 465 men were recruited from the pre-pregnancy consultation clinic in Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center between June 2020 to July 2021, which were aged 31-43 years, and we have collected their semen analysis results. Environment and occupation information was collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association of semen quality with environment and occupation factors.Result: We found that living close to (<2km) high voltage line (283.4×106/ml vs 219.8×106/ml, P=0.030) and large substation (309.1×106/ml vs 222.4×106/ml, P=0.015) will influence sperm count. Experienced decoration in the past 6 months was also a significant factor to sperm count (194.2×106/ml vs 261.0×106/ml, P=0.025). Living close to (<2km) chemical plant will affect semen PH (7.5 vs 7.2, P=0.001). Domicile close to (<2km) a power distribution room will affect progressive sperm motility (37.2% vs 33.3%, P=0.030). Using computers will affect both progressive motility sperm (35.9% vs 37.6% vs 35.9% vs 28.6%, P=0.047) and sperm total motility (58.5% vs 56.5% vs 56.0% vs 41.0%, P=0.009).Conclusion: Our result suggested that some of the environment and occupation factors: computer using, living and working surroundings (voltage line, substation and chemical plants, transformer room), and housing decoration may association with low semen quality. But no association we found of TTP with environment and occupation factors.
WITHDRAWN: Exposure to Difenoconazole Induces Reproductive Toxicity of Zebrafish by Interfering Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhou Xiaoming , Liu Wei , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Difenoconazole (DCZ) is a widely used triazole fungicide and negatively affects aquatic organisms and human health. However, data on the reproductive toxicity of DCZ are lacking. In this study, we used zebrafish (from 2–4 h postfertilization (hpf) to adulthood) as a model to evaluate whether DCZ at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 µg/L) induce reproductive toxicity. Following exposure to DCZ, egg production and fertilization rate were reduced at 1.0 and 10.0 µg/L. A significant decrease in the proportion of mature gametes (late vitellogenic oocytes and spermatozoa) was also observed at 10.0 µg/L. The concentrations of 17β-Estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and vitellogenin (VTG) were disrupted in females and males at 1.0 and 10.0 µg/L. Exposure to 10.0 µg/L DCZ significantly inhibited the contact time between female fish and male fish, and it was mainly achieved by affecting male fish. The transcription of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis was significantly changed after treatment with DCZ. Overall, these data showed that the endocrine disrupting effect of DCZ on the zebrafish HPGL axis inhibited the formation of gametes and disrupted reproductive behavior, thereby reducing fertility.
Priority Setting in Planning for Recruitment and Allocation of Healthcare Workers at National and District Level in Zambia
Authors: Siluka Mukolima , Silumbwe Adam , Mweemba Oliver 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Priority setting has widely been used in healthcare systems to justify allocation of limited resources such as health services against a huge demand. Zambia, a low-income country is faced with a critical shortage of health workers whose distribution is skewed towards urban areas. This affects effective health service delivery and creates a gap in skills mix. This study therefore sought to explore the priority setting process and its fairness in the planning for recruitment and distribution of health workers in Zambia.
Methods
This was a qualitative study that collected data using two methods; a document review of national health documents, and interviews (n = 20) with district level officers who took part in human resource meetings and decisions. The accountability for reasonableness (AFR) framework was also used to explore fairness and transparency in the processes. Data was analyzed thematically.
Results
The district level management felt they had limited participation in decision making regarding recruitment and distribution of human resources for health. They felt excluded because most decisions for human resources for health were made at national level. The national level used district vacancies to recruit workers who would later be transferred to other places which perpetuated shortages in the rural districts. Decentralization would help districts have more context-based decisions relating to the human resource challenges they face. Meeting the A4R framework conditions of fairness, transparency and accountability in priority setting proved a challenge as there were mixed feelings from participants in each condition. As a result, fairness and transparency could not be easily determined. The document review highlighted that despite the various strategies put in place to improve transparency, accountability, there continues to be a misalignment between national and district HRH recruitment and distribution.
Conclusion
Human resource for health challenges call for more strategies to improve financing for workers, strengthen private sector partnerships and exercise a decentralized approach in order for districts to make human resource decisions that are more relevant to the districts themselves. This will help improve the priority setting process as well as mitigate challenges of mal-distribution.