bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Neutron Star/Black Hole Mass Gap and Black Hole Searches
Authors: Shao Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mass distribution of black holes in low-mass X-ray binaries previously suggested the existence of a ∼2–5 M
⊙ mass gap between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes, while some recent evidence appears to support that this mass gap is being populated. Whether there is a mass gap or not can potentially shed light on the physics of supernova explosions that form neutron stars and black holes, although significant mass accretion of neutron stars including binary mergers may lead to the formation of mass-gap objects. In this review, I collect the compact objects that are probable black holes with masses being in the gap. Most of them are in binaries, their mass measurements are obviously subject to some uncertainties. Current observations are still unable to confidently infer an absence or presence of the mass gap. Ongoing and future surveys are expected to build the mass spectrum of black holes which can be used to constrain the process of their formation especially in binaries. I describe the theoretical predictions for the formation of black holes in various types of binaries, and present some prospects of searching for black holes via electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations.
Precise timing and recent advancements with segmented anode PICOSEC Micromegas prototypes
Authors: Manthos I. , Aune S. , Bortfeldt J. , Brunbauer F. , David C. , Desforge D. , Fanourakis G. , Gallinaro M. , García F. , Giomataris I. , Gustavsson T. , Iguaz F.J. , Kallitsopoulou A. , Kebbiri M. , Kordas K. , Lampoudis C. , Legou P. , Lisowska M. , Liu J. , Lupberger M. , Maillard O. , Maniatis I. , Müller H. , Oliveri E. , Papaevangelou T. , Paraschou K. , Pomorski M. , Qi B. , Resnati F. , Ropelewski L. , Sampsonidis D. , Scharenberg L. , Schneider T. , Sohl L. , van Stenis M. , Tsiamis A. , Tsipolitis Y. , Tzamarias S.E. , Utrobicic A. , Veenhof R. , Wang X. , White S. , Zhang Z. , Zhou Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Timing information in current and future accelerator facilities is important for resolving objects (particle tracks, showers, etc.) in extreme large particles multiplicities on the detection systems. The PICOSEC Micromegas detector has demonstrated the ability to time 150 GeV muons with a sub-25 ps precision. Driven by detailed simulation studies and a phenomenological model which describes stochastically the dynamics of the signal formation, new PICOSEC designs were developed that significantly improve the timing performance of the detector. PICOSEC prototypes with reduced drift gap size (∼119 µm) achieved a resolution of 45 ps in timing single photons in laser beam tests (in comparison to 76 ps of the standard PICOSEC detector). Towards large area detectors, multi-pad PICOSEC prototypes with segmented anodes has been developed and studied. Extensive tests in particle beams revealed that the multi-pad PICOSEC technology provides also very precise timing, even when the induced signal is shared among several neighbouring pads. Furthermore, new signal processing algorithms have been developed, which can be applied during data acquisition and provide real time, precise timing.
Position sensitive detector applications in nuclear physics and nuclear industry
Authors: Wheldon C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Birmingham Cyclotron and associated facilities have an active programme of detector use and irradiation, ranging from nuclear physics and related applications to positron imaging and radiation damage studies. In 2022 a new high flux neutron source (HF-ADNeF) will be installed and commissioned, extending the present charged-particle studies to neutron physics and neutron damage. An overview of the Birmingham Cyclotron Facility is given along with details of the accelerator-driven neutron source. Several examples around detector testing, nuclear physics and positron imaging are outlined.
Design study of an antiproton trap for the GBAR experiment
Authors: Yoo Kyoung-Hun , Moon Seok-Ho , Chung Moses , Won Dong Hwan , Park Kwan Hyung , Lee Byungchan , Kim Sun Kee , Lim Eunhoon , Kim Eun-San , Kim Bong Ho , van der Werf Dirk , Kuroda Naofumi , Pérez Patrice 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest)
experiment at CERN has been proposed to measure the gravitational
acceleration of the ultracold antihydrogen atoms. This experiment
produces antihydrogen ions through interactions between antiprotons
and positronium atoms. Then, antihydrogen atoms are produced for
the free-fall experiment after the photo-detachment of an excess
positron from the cold antihydrogen ions. The energy of the
antiproton beam before the positronium target chamber will be in the
range of 1–10 keV. The cross-section for the reaction between the
antiprotons and positroniums depends mainly on the energy of the
antiprotons. Hence, to maximize the productivity of antihydrogen
ions, a sufficient number of antiprotons should be provided with
well-controlled energy. In this regard, an antiproton trap is
considered to accumulate and slow down antiproton beams, and cool
them utilizing the electron cooling technique. This trap is
designed based on the Penning-Malmberg trap, which consists of a
superconducting solenoid magnet and a series of ring electrodes
including high-voltage electrodes to trap antiprotons. In addition,
a set of extraction electrodes and optics for beam transport are
used. Each electrode has been designed and optimized using the WARP
PIC simulations. In this study, the design and simulation results
of each trap component are presented.
Regularity and resilience of short-range order in uniformly randomized lattices
Authors: Tsabedze Sebenzile , Dlamini Nkosikhona , Mkhonta Simiso K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Randomly perturbed lattice models play a vital role in the exploration of novel quasi-disordered structures such as disordered photonic crystals that combine the coherent optical effects of crystals and the broadband, isotropic power spectra of disordered media. Recent studies have shown that the Bragg scattering peaks of uniformly randomized lattices can be switch-on and -off by increasing the perturbation strength while preserving the long-range order of the underlying lattice. In this work, we investigate the pair correlation statistics of uniformly randomized lattices focusing on the impact of the perturbations on the system’s short-range order. We find that locally isotropic perturbations generate disordered structures with resilient hyperuniformity and short-range order. The interplay of these two properties has been discovered to be critical in the design of disordered materials with enhanced photonic band gaps and light absorption. The present study provides an alternative approach for designing partially disordered hyperuniform structures.
Non-empirical double-hybrid density functionals as reliable tools for electronic structure calculations
Authors: Sancho-García J C , Brémond E , Pérez-Jiménez A J , Ciofini I , Adamo C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of universal and accurate approximations for electronic structure calculations lies at the central core of (past and modern) research in theoretical and computational chemistry. For that purpose, any reliable method needs to treat in a balanced way exchange and correlation effects arising from the intricate structure of matter at the nanoscopic level. Following this principle, we have developed a set of non-empirical (double-hybrid) density functional expressions, minimizing the parameterization and also widely applicable even for systems of considerable size, while being accurate enough to compete with wavefunction methods or even matching experimental information. The underlying expressions are now implemented in many available codes worldwide, then allowing the access to the whole set of key properties needed for addressing chemical structure, reactivity, and bonding, at all nanostructured levels and/or states of matter. Additionally, the recent extension to excited states through a time-dependent (linear-response) formalism also allows one to deal with photochemistry, photophysical, and related properties. Therefore, this family of methods can now be successfully applied to organic, inorganic, or biomolecular compounds, or any other complex system, within an affordable computational effort.
Sequential Data-Mining for Adverse Events After Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccination Using the Tree-Based Scan Statistic
Authors: Yih W Katherine , Kulldorff Martin , Dashevsky Inna , Maro Judith C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tree-based scan statistics have been successfully used to study the safety of several vaccines without prespecifying health outcomes of concern. In this study, the binomial tree-based scan statistic was applied sequentially to detect adverse events in days 1–28 compared with days 29–56 after recombinant herpes zoster (RZV) vaccination, with 5 looks at the data and formal adjustment for the repeated analyses over time. IBM MarketScan data on commercially insured persons ≥50 years of age receiving RZV during January 1, 2018, to May 5, 2020, were used. With 999,876 doses of RZV included, statistically significant signals were detected only for unspecified adverse effects/complications following immunization, with attributable risks as low as 2 excess cases per 100,000 vaccinations. Ninety percent of cases in the signals occurred in the week after vaccination and, based on previous studies, likely represent nonserious events like fever, fatigue, and headache. Strengths of our study include its untargeted nature, self-controlled design, and formal adjustment for repeated testing. Although the method requires prespecification of the risk window of interest and may miss some true signals detectable using the tree-temporal variant of the method, it allows for early detection of potential safety problems through early initiation of ongoing monitoring.
Characterization of the Emissions and Crystalline Silica Content of Airborne Dust Generated from Grinding Natural and Engineered Stones
Authors: Thompson Drew , Qi Chaolong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we systematically characterized the airborne dust generated from grinding engineered and natural stone products using a laboratory testing system designed and operated to collect representative respirable dust samples. Four stone samples tested included two engineered stones consisting of crystalline silica in a polyester resin matrix (formulations differed with Stones A having up to 90wt% crystalline silica and Stone B up to 50wt% crystalline silica), an engineered stone consisting of recycled glass in a cement matrix (Stone C), and a granite. Aerosol samples were collected by respirable dust samplers, total dust samplers, and a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. Aerosol samples were analyzed by gravimetric analysis and x-ray diffraction to determine dust generation rates, crystalline silica generation rates, and crystalline silica content. Additionally, bulk dust settled on the floor of the testing system was analyzed for crystalline silica content. Real-time particle size distributions were measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. All stone types generated similar trimodal lognormal number-weighted particle size distributions during grinding with the most prominent mode at an aerodynamic diameter of about 2.0-2.3 μm, suggesting dust formation from grinding different stones is similar. Bulk dust from Stone C contained no crystalline silica. Bulk dust from Stone A, Stone B, and granite contained 60, 23, and 30wt% crystalline silica, respectively. In Stones A and B, the cristobalite form of crystalline silica was more plentiful than the quartz form. Only the quartz form was detected in granite. The bulk dust, respirable dust, and total dust for each stone had comparable amounts of crystalline silica, suggesting that crystalline silica content in the bulk dust could be representative of that in respirable dust generated during grinding. Granite generated more dust per unit volume of material removed than the engineered stones, which all had similar normalized dust generation rates. Stone A had the highest normalized generation rates of crystalline silica, followed by granite, Stone B, and Stone C (no crystalline silica), which likely leads to the same trend of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure when working with these different stones. Manufacturing and adoption of engineered stone products with formulations such as Stone B or Stone C could potentially lower or eliminate RCS exposure risks. Combining all the effects of dust generation rate, size-dependent silica content, and respirable fraction, the highest normalized generation rate of RCS consistently occurs at 3.2-5.6 µm for all the stones containing crystalline silica. Therefore, removing particles in this size range near the generation sources should be prioritized when developing engineering control measures.
Combinatorial analysis of transcription and metabolism reveals the regulatory network associated with antioxidant substances in waxy corn
Authors: Ke Jianhong , Wang Rui , Song Bangqian , Du Jinglun , Li Xiaojiao , Song Ningning , Cai Zhirong , Chen Rongli , Yi Honghua , Lu Xiangyin , Jiang Chen , Li Zhengguo , Huang Baowen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its quality. Different maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite content. Two kinds of waxy maize parental materials, S181 and 49B, created by the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, are widely grown in China. S181 shows higher starch and sugar contents than 49B. This study generated metabolic profiles to assess the differences between the two varieties. A total of 674 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties were identified by gas chromatography and untargeted metabolomics technology. These metabolites were associated with 21 categories, including antioxidant metabolites. Moreover, 6415 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq. Interestingly, these DEGs comprised starch and sugar synthesis pathway genes and 72 different transcription factor families. Among these, six families that were reported to play an essential role in plant antioxidant action accounted for 39.2% of the transcription factor families. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) classification, the DEGs were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis, glycolysis/glucose metabolism, and the synthetic and metabolic pathways of antioxidant active substances. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics identified five key transcription factors (ZmbHLH172, ZmNAC44, ZmNAC-like18, ZmS1FA2, ZmERF172), one ubiquitin ligase gene (ZmE2 5A) and one sucrose synthase gene (ZmSS1). They likely contribute to the quality traits of waxy corn through involvement in the metabolic regulatory network of antioxidant substances. Thus, our results provide new insights into maize quality-related antioxidant metabolite networks and have potential applications for waxy corn breeding.
Engaging With Aging: A Qualitative Study of Age-Related Changes and Adaptations
Authors: Ge Shaoqing , Wu Kuan-Ching , Frey Hillary , Saudagaran Maryam , Welsh Derick , Primomo Janet , Belza Basia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In the context of global aging, there is a need to better understand how older adults adapt to their changing health status. Engaging with aging (EWA) is an emerging framework proposed by Carnevali, which provides a new lens to understand an active, conscious daily-living process of managing age-related changes (ARCs) taken on by older adults. Study aims were to (a) describe the ARCs experienced by community-dwelling older adults and (b) identify the strategies and resources used by older adults to accommodate the daily-living challenges caused by the associated ARCs.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews using a virtual card sort to gather qualitative data about ARCs and strategies to manage ARCs. Interviews were conducted virtually due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions.

Results
Participants included 19 females and 10 males. The mean age was 77.45 years old (range from 64 to 98). Sixteen ARCs (e.g., changes in hearing, changes in stability, changes in sleep, etc.) were mentioned by participants, and their corresponding adaptations were discussed. Participants linked their adaptations to their ARCs based on their changing capacities and needs. Examples of commonly used adaptations included, for example, conserving energy, utilizing tools or technology, and being more conscious before and while taking actions. The challenges caused by COVID-19 in implementing the adaptations were also discussed.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from this study demonstrate how older adults explore, generate, and utilize adaptive behaviors to address their ARCS. This study substantiates the EWA framework by showing common patterns among older adults in linking ARCs with adaptations. Implications for clinicians include using EWA to help older adults identify personalized health solutions that fit their capacities. Researchers may use EWA to design and test interventions by considering the specific ARCs older adults encounter and the attitudes they hold towards the ARCs.
UbiAccess: an Instrument to Assess System Access in Ubiquitous Scenarios
Authors: Pimenta Josiane Rosa de Oliveira Gaia , Duarte Emanuel Felipe , Baranauskas M Cecília C , Medeiros Claudia Bauzer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUbiquitous computing has brought new challenges for the design of scenarios for people–technology interactions. Despite considerable research on formal accessibility standards, related work has hardly investigated them in ubiquitous computing contexts. In this work, we investigate means of analyzing accessibility aspects in ubiquitous environments based on two standard instruments: the Universal Design (UD) Principles and Guidelines and the W3C-WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines of the World Wide Web Consortium). Both instruments were applied to the context of socioenactive ubiquitous environments, providing insights into their applicability and shortcomings. As a result of this analysis we constructed UbiAccess, an instrument to evaluate access in ubiquitous scenarios, which combines and extends characteristics of both UD and W3C-WCAG, filling in some of the gaps we identified. The application of UbiAccess to a case study shows the advantages of its use in informing the evaluation of access in ubiquitous scenarios.
A high-efficiency scar-free genome-editing toolkit for Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: de Dios Rubén , Gadar Kavita , McCarthy Ronan R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The current mutagenesis tools for Acinetobacter baumannii leave selection markers or residual sequences behind, or involve tedious counterselection and screening steps. Furthermore, they are usually adapted for model strains, rather than for MDR clinical isolates.

Objectives
To develop a scar-free genome-editing tool suitable for chromosomal and plasmid modifications in MDR A. baumannii AB5075.

Methods
We prove the efficiency of our adapted genome-editing system by deleting the multidrug efflux pumps craA, cmlA5 and resistance island 2 (RI2), as well as curing plasmid p1AB5075, and combining these mutations. We then characterized the susceptibility of the mutants compared with the WT to different antibiotics (i.e. chloramphenicol, amikacin and tobramycin) by disc diffusion assays and determined the MIC for each strain.

Results
We successfully adapted the genome-editing protocol to A. baumannii AB5075, achieving a double recombination frequency close to 100% and routinely securing the construction of a mutant within 10 working days. Furthermore, we show that both CraA and p1AB5075 are involved in chloramphenicol resistance, and that RI2 and p1AB5075 play a role in resistance to amikacin and tobramycin.

Conclusions
We have developed a versatile and highly efficient genome-editing tool for A. baumannii. We have demonstrated it can be used to modify both the chromosome and native plasmids. By challenging the method, we show the role of CraA and p1AB5075 in antibiotic resistance.
Terrestrial Enlightenment: Ruin and Revolution in an Eighteenth-Century Climate Crisis
Authors: Anthony Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Some scholars and scientists identify the eighteenth century as an inflection point in the Anthropocene, a geologic age in which humans act as a planetary force. This article suggests that this inflection point was characterized not only by new means and scales of environmental manipulation, but also by the development of climate politics. Where forests have been the focus of considerable scholarship on eighteenth-century environmental policy, this article turns to hydrology as a theater of material and discursive engagement with the era’s most palpable climatic threat: deluge. Catastrophic floods, like that which followed the eruption of Iceland’s Eldeyjar and Lakagígar volcanos in 1783/84, show how climate took its place in the enlightenment “culture of disaster,” which shifted responsibility from divine to terrestrial authority. Under the rubric of terrestrial enlightenment, I propose a framework for understanding the broad assemblage of artifacts, environments, and imaginaries that constituted late-eighteenth-century climate politics. Encompassing natural resources, infrastructure, and even ruins, terrestrial enlightenment integrates a corresponding range of naturalists, chroniclers, engineers, scholars, artists, and politicians. The naturalist Georg Forster provides an especially rich archive of this time, from his study of Saxon hydraulics in the wake of the flood of 1784 to his death in Paris during the Terror of 1794. On either side of the Rhine, resource management and disaster mitigation materialized political power.
The transcription factor WRKY12 negatively regulates iron entry into seeds in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Xi , Wang Tingting , Song Hui , Jia Yafeng , Ma Qian , Tao Manzhi , Zhu Xiangyu , Cao Shuqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Yellow Stripe 1-Like 1 (YSL1) and Yellow Stripe 1-Like 3 (YSL3) transport metal–nicotianamine (NA) complexes to leaves, pollen, and developing seeds and play an important role in regulating iron (Fe) accumulation during the seed development and maturation stages; however, how their gene transcript levels are regulated remains unknown. In this study, we used yeast one-hybrid screening to identify a transcription factor, WRKY12, in Arabidopsis that directly regulates the transcription levels of YSL1 and YSL3 genes. WRKY12 has opposite expression patterns to YSL1 and YSL3. wrky12 mutants are tolerant to Fe deficiency, whereas WRKY12 overexpression lines are sensitive to Fe deficiency. During the development and maturation of seeds, WRKY12 can directly bind to the promoters of YSL1 and YSL3 and inhibit their expression. Genetic analysis showed that WRKY12 functions upstream of YSL1 and YSL3 in Fe intake during the seed development and maturation stages. Together, our results suggest that WRKY12 negatively regulates the iron intake in plant seeds by inhibiting the expression of YSL1 and YSL3.