bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ladder‐Like Difluoroindacenodithiophene‐4,9‐dione Derivative: A New Acceptor System for High‐Mobility n‐Type Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Tao Xin , Li Wenhao , Wu Qingbo , Wei Huan , Yan Yongkun , Zhao Lingli , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhao Yan , Chen Huajie , Liu Yunqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLadder‐like aromatic diketones (LADK), which possess a coplanar π‐extended geometry, a high electron deficiency as well as various attractive optoelectronic properties, are demonstrated as the promising candidates in building small‐molecule organic electron‐transporting materials, yet reports on direct integration of these structural motifs into n‐type polymers are rarely accessed. Herein, it is demonstrated that a possibility of realizing unipolar n‐type characteristics of such acceptor system by developing two novel donor–acceptor type polymers, in which the newly developed LADK unit, named as 3,8‐bis(2‐decyltetradecyl)‐5,10‐difluoro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐4,9‐dione (FIDTO‐R), is adopted as the acceptor segments. The resulting polymers present deep‐lying unoccupied molecular orbital levels (as low as −3.84 eV), compact π–π stacking (d‐spacing, ≈3.57 Å) coupled with uniform nanofiber‐like surface morphology. All these factors contribute to excellent unipolar n‐type characteristics with high electron mobilities of 0.27 and 1.01 cm2 V−1 s−1, together with high inverter gain values of 141 and 80, respectively. The recorded values are among the best in n‐type polymer field‐effect transistors and associated inverter circuits. These findings unambiguously reveal that the as‐prepared FIDTO‐R and its analog LADK derivatives are another type of excellent building blocks for the construction of high‐mobility n‐type polymers.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles in the Second Near‐Infrared Region for Biomedical Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Wenting , Liu Ye , Fang Xiaofeng , Wu Changfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSemiconducting polymers are attractive optical materials in optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications because of their superior optical properties and remarkable versatility. Optical imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) has become increasingly popular owing to the merits of large penetration depth and high signal to noise ratio, leading to a great deal of interest in the exploration and development of optical probes in the NIR‐II region. In this review, recent advances in the development of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) in the NIR‐II region for biomedical imaging and therapeutics are summarized. This review focuses on the design strategies in semiconducting polymers toward enhancing their NIR‐II emission for deep tissue imaging, improving their performance in photoacoustic imaging, utilizing their large absorptivity for photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and a number of comprehensive applications for multifunctional imaging and optical therapeutics. Finally, the current challenges of semiconducting polymer probes are discussed and the perspectives on the future development in the field are shared.
Impact of AlN Seed Layer on Microstructure and Piezoelectric Properties of YxAl1−xN (x = 15%) Thin Films
Authors: Pandit Shardul , Schneider Michael , Berger Claudio , Schwarz Sabine , Schmid Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlloying transition metals into aluminum nitride (AlN) has surged over the past decade to increase the piezoelectric performance of AlN for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. So far, the highest piezoelectric coefficients have been achieved by alloying scandium into AlN. But, most recently published studies have theoretically predicted by ab‐initio calculations that yttrium can also be a promising and less expensive alternative to scandium. This paper focuses on the impact of an AlN seed layer on the growth and piezoelectric properties of sputter‐deposited, polycrystalline Y0.15Al0.85N thin films on a silicon substrate. For the first time, the increase in piezoelectric performance of YxAl1−xN (x = 15%) thin films with a d33 of ≈7.85 pC N−1 due to this seed layer approach is presented, thus reaching in good agreement theoretical predictions. Furthermore, for the first time, the crystalline stability of Y0.15Al0.85N layers in a pure oxygen environment up to 1200 °C is reported, demonstrating a high oxygen resistance up to 800 °C even in this harsh environment. Detailed thin film analysis is done with various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, nano‐indentation, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and correlated with piezoelectric coefficient measurements.
Following Paths of Maximum Catalytic Activity in the Composition Space of High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Plenge Mads K. , Pedersen Jack K. , Mints Vladislav A. , Arenz Matthias , Rossmeisl Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe search for better and cheaper electrocatalysts is vital in the global transition to renewable energy resources. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) provide a near‐infinite number of different alloys with approximately continuous properties such as catalytic activity. In this work, the catalytic activity for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction as a function of molar composition of Ag‐Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Ru HEA is treated as a landscape wherein it is shown that the maxima are connected through ridges. By following the ridges, it is possible to navigate between the maxima using a modified nudged elastic band (NEB) model integrated in a machine learning NEB algorithm. These results provide a new understanding of the composition space being similar to an evolutionary landscape. This provides a possible new search and design strategy for new catalysts in which the composition of known catalysts can be optimized by following ridges rather than exploring the whole alloy composition space.
Prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures against incisional‐surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nakatsutsumi Keita , Endo Akira , Asano Hiroshi , Shinohara Shoichi , Kurosaki Ryo , Kawashima Shuji , Ishii Wataru , Nozawa Masashi , Tagaya Nobumi , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after highly contaminated laparotomies has not been sufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of negative‐pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.MethodsThis nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the 48 emergency hospitals certificated by the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine. Patients who underwent an emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation between April 2015 and March 2020 were included in this study. Outcomes, including the incidence of incisional surgical site infection, were compared between patients who were treated with prophylactic negative‐pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures (i.e., negative‐pressure wound therapy group) and patients who were treated with regular wound management (i.e., control group) using 1:4 propensity score matching analysis.ResultsThe negative‐pressure wound therapy group comprised 88 patients, whereas the control group consisted of 1535 patients. Of them, 82 propensity score‐matched pairs (negative‐pressure wound therapy group: 82; control group: 328) were evaluated. The negative‐pressure wound therapy group showed a lower incidence of incisional surgical site infection [18 (22.0%) in the negative‐pressure wound therapy group and 115 (35.0%) in the control group, odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.92; p = 0.026].ConclusionsThe prophylactic use of negative‐pressure wound therapy with delayed sutures was associated with a lower incidence of incisional surgical site infection after emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.
Validation of a predictive model for obstructive sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Skotko Brian G. , Garza Flores Alexandra , Elsharkawi Ibrahim , Patsiogiannis Vasiliki , McDonough Mary Ellen , Verda Damiano , Muselli Marco , Hornero Roberto , Gozal David , Macklin Eric A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDetecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is important to both prevent significant comorbidities in people with Down syndrome (DS) and untangle contributions to other behavioral and mental health diagnoses. However, laboratory‐based polysomnograms are often poorly tolerated, unavailable, or not covered by health insurance for this population. In previous work, our team developed a prediction model that seemed to hold promise in identifying which people with DS might not have significant apnea and, consequently, might be able to forgo a diagnostic polysomnogram. In this study, we sought to validate these findings in a novel set of participants with DS. We recruited an additional 64 participants with DS, ages 3–35 years. Caregivers completed the same validated questionnaires, and our study team collected vital signs, physical exam findings, and medical histories that were previously shown to be predictive. Patients then had a laboratory‐based polysomnogram. The best modeling had a validated negative predictive value of 50% for an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 1/hTST and 73.7% for AHI >5/hTST. The positive predictive values were 60% and 39.1%, respectively. As such, a clinically reliable screening tool for OSA in people with DS was not achieved. Patients with DS should continue to be monitored for OSA according to current healthcare guidelines.
Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 5‐exo‐trig Cyclization/Cyclopropanation/Carbonylation of 1,6‐Enynes for the Construction of Chiral 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Zhang Yunchu , Liu Pengyun , Zhong Jing , Gong Baihui , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe herein disclose a mild and efficient access to chiral 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes via a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric 5‐exo‐trig cyclization/cyclopropanation/carbonylation of 1,6‐enynes. Various nucleophiles, such as alcohols, phenols, amines and water, are well compatible with the reaction system. This reaction forms three C−C bonds, two rings, two adjacent quaternary carbon stereocenters as well as one C−O/C−N bond with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The products could be further functionalized to generate a library of 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane frameworks.
Boosting Electroreduction of CO2over Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Hydrogen Bonding Effects of Halogen Ions
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Jin , Si Duan‐Hui , Wu Qiao , Dong Yu‐Liang , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan‐Biao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present the first example of charged imidazolium functionalized porphyrin‐based covalent organic framework (Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐X) for electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction, where the free anions (e.g., F−, Cl−, Br−, and I−) of imidazolium ions nearby the active Co sites can stabilize the key intermediate *COOH and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Thus, Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐X exhibits higher activity than the neutral Co‐BFBim‐COF, following the trend of F−<Cl−<Br−<I−. Particularly, the Co‐iBFBim‐COF‐I−showed nearly 100 % CO2selectivity at a low full‐cell voltage of 2.3 V, and achieved a high CO2partial current density of 52 mA cm−2with a turnover frequency of 3018 h−1at 2.4 V in the anion membrane electrode assembly, which is 3.57 times larger than that of neutral Co‐BFBim‐COF. This work provides new insight into the importance of free anions in the stabilization of intermediates and decreasing the local binding energy of H2O with active moiety to enhance CO2reduction reaction.
Self‐healing natural rubber based on dynamic disulphide exchange towards fatigue lifetime extension
Authors: Masraff Mimi Syahira , Thajudin Nuur Laila Najwa , Othman Nadras , Musa Muhamad Sharan , Shuib Raa Khimi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDynamic disulphide exchange mechanism was introduced to promote self‐healing characteristics to natural rubber compound and the corresponding healing mechanism and mechanical properties are presented. The formation of reversible dynamic disulphide bonds within rubber molecular chains was evidenced via FTIR and the total crosslink density of dynamic disulphide crosslinks was quantitatively measured by equilibrium swelling test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the healed area of the fractured surface adhered well with minor scar on the contact surface, suggesting that intermolecular diffusion occur at the fracture surface. It was also found that the tensile strength and tear strength of the broken samples able to recover 91% and 103%, respectively, under thermal healing at 150°C for 10 min. The fatigue lifespan of the materials increased 154.9% compared with the conventional rubber. The successful fabrication of self‐healing natural rubber through dynamically reversible disulphide exchange mechanism would be expected to open up new opportunities for development of sustainable rubber products.
Protected areas and native freshwater bivalves are not in the same place in south‐east Brazil
Authors: Miyahira Igor Christo , Mansur Maria Cristina Dreher , de Lacerda Luiz Eduardo Macedo , Gonçalves Isabela Cristina Brito , Sant'Anna Glauco Gil , dos Santos Sonia Barbosa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Bivalves are important components of freshwater ecosystems; however, they are also one of the most threatened animal groups, especially members of the order Unionida. The main threats to freshwater bivalves are habitat modification and invasive species. Protected areas are a common way to minimize impacts and preserve native species, but they are rarely designated with a focus on freshwater invertebrates.
The main goal of this article was to describe the distribution of freshwater bivalves in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the relationship between these species and bioclimatic areas, land use and protected areas.
Five native and two invasive bivalve species have been reported in Rio de Janeiro. They occur mainly in bioclimatic areas related to the Paraíba do Sul River and Campista Lowlands. The few records of bivalves inside protected areas are in areas of sustainable use that offer a lower level of protection, and frequently in sympatry with invasive bivalves.
Thus, the established protected areas in Rio de Janeiro are not adequately effective for freshwater bivalve conservation, and some species remain under threat even within them. Freshwater bivalves thus remain largely unprotected in the state.
The development of new protected areas and management plans should consider other faunal groups that are usually ignored, such as freshwater bivalves, to achieve more inclusive and effective protection.
Isolation of a novel DNA aptamer against LipL32 as a potential diagnostic agent for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira
Authors: Yeoh Tzi Shien , Tang Thean‐Hock , Citartan Marimuthu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a potentially life‐threatening zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and for rapid diagnostics, direct detection is desirable. LipL32 protein is the most suitable biomarker for direct detection. DNA aptamers are sought to be generated against LipL32 by Systemic Evolution of Ligands via Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). LepDapt‐5a is the most potent aptamer candidate among all the candidates, as determined by direct Enzyme‐linked Aptasorbent Assay (ELASA). LepDapt‐5a was predicted to form a G‐quadruplex structure as predicted by QGRS Mapper and validated experimentally by direct ELASA. The diagnostic potential of the aptamer was further tested on a direct and sandwich ELASA platform. A LOD of 106 mL‐1 and 105 mL‐1 were estimated by direct and sandwich ELASA platforms, respectively, which are within the range associated with leptospiremia levels. The dot blot assay developed was able to attain a LOD of 104 CFU mL−1 against pathogenic Leptospira, which is also within the leptospiremia level. This is the first‐ever DNA aptamer and hybrid‐heterodimeric aptamer constructed against LipL32. The diagnostic potentiality of the LepDapt‐5a DNA aptamer was proven on three major diagnostic platforms, which are direct ELASA, sandwich ELASA, and aptamer‐based dot assay.
Temporal association of vitreous hemorrhage and hypertension after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Noda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVitreous hemorrhage as common eye presentation and hypertension as common systemic presentation are difficult to designate whether they are coincidental or causal in terms of adverse events of COVID‐19 vaccinations. Temporal association of hypertension and vitreous hemorrhage was noted in a patient repeatedly after the second and third COVID‐19 vaccinations.
A rare case of small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer
Authors: Rejab Haitham , Fendri Sami , Trigui Ayman , Abid Bassem , Youssef Majdoub , Ketata Salma , Ben Ameur Hazem , Boujelbene Salah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report the case of a 61‐year‐old male patient who was admitted with abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation. He had a past medical history of epidermoid lung cancer .computed tomography revealed distended stomach with mural bowel thickening. It was peroperatively two small‐bowel metastasis from lung cancer that we resect.
Recent Progress on Interfaces in Nanomaterials for Nuclear Radiation Resistance
Authors: Su Zhaokui , Jiang Hui , Li Heng , Zhang Yu , Chen Jianyu , Zhao Jin , Ma Yanwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterfaces including grain boundaries and hetero‐phase interfaces could withstand the radiation damage via providing sites for trapping the defects. With the urgent demand for high radiation‐tolerance nanostructured materials, exploration of the structural properties, especially the role of the interfaces on the radiation response in the nanomaterials, is of significant essentialness in developing the design of new radiation‐resistant materials. Herein, the recent progress and development of two main kinds of interfaces, namely the grain boundaries in nanocrystalline and the hetero‐phase interfaces in nanolayered materials and nanocomposites, in nanostructured materials that are designed for radiation tolerance are summarized. In addition, the radiation response and resistant mechanism under irradiation conditions of the nanocrystalline materials like metals, single‐phase alloys, and ceramics, as well as the nanocomposites like nanolayered metals, nanolayered ceramics, metal‐carbon nanocomposite, and nanoparticle dispersed steels, are reviewed. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed to offer advice for the development of radiation resistance nanomaterials.
Spherical Ni/Ni3Se2 Heterostructure for Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Yang Shujiao , Chen Dandan , Cui Xiaohai , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA Ni/Ni3Se2 metal‐semiconductor heterojunction catalyst with a sphere structure was prepared by a hydrothermal and hydrogen reduction method. The results showed that the heterostructure Ni/Ni3Se2 exhibits better performance than Ni3Se2 and Ni counterparts for electrochemical oxidation reactions. During electrocatalytic water oxidation, the overpotential is 340 mV to reach a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The heterogeneous interface formed between the metal Ni and Ni3Se2 in the Ni/Ni3Se2 catalyst can accelerate the electron transfer in the electrochemical oxidation process. Moreover, the as‐prepared material is also applied for sulfonamide degradation, with the aid from hydroxyl radicals generated during water oxidation. This application is meaningful since the product from water oxidation is not desired in hydrogen production from water electrolysis. The material with heterojunctions delivered degradation efficiency up to 80% of sulfonamide antibiotics within 2 h. Therefore, the Ni/Ni3Se2 material might have application prospects in electrochemical sustainability research.
Single‐Source‐Precursor Derived Transition Metal Alloys Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yongchao , Tian Chuanmu , Jiang Tianshu , Maheu Clément , Hofmann Jan P. , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Riedel Ralf , Yu Zhaoju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon supported metallic nanomaterials are of great interest due to their low‐cost, high durability and promising functional performance. Herein, a highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst comprised of defective carbon shell encapsulated metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles and their alloys supported on in‐situ formed N‐doped graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid is synthesized from novel single‐source‐precursors (SSP). The precursors are synthesized by a facile one‐pot reaction of tannic acid with polyethylenimine and different metal ions and subsequent pyrolysis of the SSP. Benefiting from the heteroatom doping of carbon and formation of well‐encapsulated metal/alloy nanoparticles, the obtained FeNi@NC‐900 catalyst possesses lowest overpotentials of 310 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER with a small Tafel slope value of 45 mV dec−1, indicating excellent catalytic performance due to the following features: (1) A synergistic electronic effect among metal alloy nanoparticles, nitrogen‐doped carbon, and entangled carbon nanotubes; (2) penetration of electrolyte is promoted towards the active sites through the porous structure of the formed mesoporous carbon clusters; (3) the unique core‐shell nanostructure of the hybrid material effectively curbs the degradation of electrocatalyst by protecting the alloy nanoparticles from harsh electrolyte. This work advances an inexpensive and facile method towards the development of transition metal‐based hybrid material for potential energy storage and conversion.
Deep frameworks based on residual dense network and reinforcement learning for mmWave massive MIMO systems
Authors: Faragallah Osama S. , El‐sayed Hala S. , El‐Mashed Mohamed G. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, hybrid precoding plays a pivotal role in reducing complexity and cost while providing a good spectral efficiency. However, implementation of digital precoders with large number of antennas is difficult due to hardware constraints, while analog precoders offer confined performance. This leads to high computational complexity and cannot fully exploit the spatial information. Previous studies on hybrid precoding were based on exhaustive search solutions or greedy schemes, which result in higher complexity system performance. To face these challenges, this paper proposes deep hybrid precoding framework with phase quantization and residual dense network to design the matrix of analog and digital precoders. The proposed deep hybrid precoding technique consists of offline training stage and online deployment stage. In offline training stage, hybrid precoding is obtained assuming the approximate phase quantization. While in the online deployment stage, the matrix of analog precoding is calculated by exchanging approximate phase quantization with ideal phase and grouping the analog precoding vectors. In this paper, we also propose a deep reinforcement learning‐based hybrid precoding. It consists of a deep reinforcement learning with employing convolutional neural network and long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods. In our proposed frameworks, structures of proposed techniques are trained for maximum spectral efficiency. Our proposed techniques are compared with other precoding techniques. Results illustrate that the proposed techniques outperforms the other precoding techniques in terms of the spectral efficiency.