bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN BUNKER OIL DAN ASPAL MINYAK SEBAGAI MODIFIER PADA CAMPURAN COLD PAVING HOT MIX ASBUTON (CPHMA) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL
Authors: Gulan Pangki , Nasrul Nasrul , Ahmad Siti Nurjanah 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKCPHMA (Cold Paving Hot Mix Asbuton) adalah inovasi aspal buton produk campuran panas hampar dingin merupakan bahan material yang digunakan untuk lapisan permukaan maupun perata jalan raya. Spesifikasi dari CPHMA ini terdiri dari agregat tertentu, asbuton butir, bahan modifer dan bahan tambah lain bila di perlukan.Pemakaian CPHMA ini banyak dipakai pada pembangunan jalan raya di pelosok terpencil, karena lebih praktis dan efisien dalam penghamparan dan pemadatan yang dilakukan secara dingin (temperatur udara di lokasi). Penelitian ini mencoba memanfaatkan Asbuton butir Type 50/30 dan bahan peremaja menggunakan bunker oil untuk mengurangi penggunaan aspal minyak sehingga menciptakan campuran yang lebih ekonomis pada kualitas lapis perkerasan CPHMA. dengan penggunaan asbuton sebanyak 25 % dengan perbandingan bunker oil dan aspal minyak `yaitu 40%:60%, 50%:50% dan 60%:40% dengan pemakaian bahan peremaja sebanyak 2%,2,25%,2,5%2,75% dan 3% pada setiap perbandingan. Dengan penelitian ini di dapatkan kadar bahan peremaja aspal minyak dan Bunker oil yang di gunakan atau yang di sarankan pada penelitian ini adalah pada kadar peremaja peremaja 60% : 40% yang didapatkan antara kadar peremaja 2,074% - 3.00%. Dengan hasil yang telah di dapatkan maka kadar peremaja optimum yang direkomendasi pada penelitian ini adalah pada perbandingan 60% : 40% dengan kadar peremaja 2,5% serta nilai stabilitas = 927,73 kg, Flow = 3,10 mm, MQ = 298,85 kg/mm, VMA = 22,686%, VFA = 64,97%, dan VIM = 7,948%. Kata Kunci : CPHMA, Bunker oil, Karakteristik Marshall.
Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid 19 dari Peningkatan Jumlah Siswa Jenjang Usia Dini di Lembaga Pendidikan Nonformal “Smart Center Indonesia”
Authors: Dodi Sutrisno  
Published: March 2022

The number of Early Age students at the Non-formal Education Institution "Smart Center Indonesia" during the Covid 19 pandemic increased by 58.92%, from this data it raises a big question mark for researchers how is the perception of parents towards online learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic so that the number of students has increased. student enrollment drastically. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method from the results of parental interview data which aims to examine parents' perceptions of online learning during the Covid 19 pandemic from the increase in the number of early age students in non-formal education institutions "Smart Center Indonesia". The result is that from 5 respondents, it was found that the perception of parents who were worried about online learning during the covid 19 pandemic, thus increasing the number of early age students in non-formal education institutions "smart center Indonesia". cannot pass into the best elementary school according to parents, worried that the child will not be able to follow the learning process at the next level, namely the elementary school level.

Jumlah siswa jenjang Usia Dini di Lembaga Pendidikan Nonformal “Smart Center Indonesia” selama pandemi Covid 19 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 58,92%, dari data ini menimbulkan tanda tanya besar bagi peneliti bagaimana persepsi orang tua terhadap pembelajaran daring dimasa Pandemik Covid 19 sehingga mengalami peningkatan jumlah pendaftaran siswa secara drastis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dari hasil data wawancara orangtua yang bertujuan meneliti persepsi orang tua terhadap pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi Covid 19 dari peningkatan jumlah siswa jenjang usia dini di lembaga pendidikan nonformal “Smart Center Indonesia”. Hasilnya terdapat Dari 5 responden didapatkan persepsi orang tua yang khawatir terhadap pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi covid 19 sehingga meningkatkan jumlah siswa jenjang usia dini di lembaga pendidikan nonformal “smart center indonesia”.Persepsi kekhawatiran itu adalah khawatir terhadap hasil belajar anak yang tidak maksimal, khawatir anak tidak dapat lulus masuk di sekolah dasar yang terbaik menurut orang tua, khawatir anak tidak dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dijenjang berikutnya yaitu jenjang sekolah dasar.
Promotion of Cognitive Function Maintenance Exercises in the Community: “Brain Wakawaka Club” Activities to Keep the Brain Young
Authors: Kouno Mitsunobu , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Yoshitake Masashi , Sakano Naoki 
Published: March 2022

According to estimates by the Japanese Cabinet Office, there will be approximately 6.02 million elderly people with dementia in 2020, and the prevalence of dementia among those age 65 years and above will be very high at 16.7%. Therefore, it is important to prevent dementia in local communities. However, even though exercises for physical strength maintenance are conducted in many local communities, there are very few exercises to prevent declines in cognitive function. Thus, the “Brain Wakawaka Club” makes tours to local communities with the students of the Department of Occupational Therapy, and conducts cognitive function evaluation and maintenance exercises for elderly people. This activity is expected to contribute to the prevention of dementia among the elderly in the community.
Multi-Criteria Land Suitability Analysis for Agriculture Using AHP and Remote Sensing Data of Northern Region India
Authors: Ali Khan Mujahid , Ahmad Rizwan , Hasan Khan Haris 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify adequate agricultural sites in Punjab’s Northern region India district (India). This research employed the “Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” approach, which is extensively used in land use appropriateness studies. Great soil type, land use, land cover, soil moisture, slope, aspect, elevation, drainage, geology, and geomorphology were all incorporated into the application. The ranks of influencing criteria were calculated using expert judgments and correlation analysis, while the weights were determined using a pairwise comparison matrix. The scores for sub-parameters with internal variations in the criteria assigned based on field work and published norms. The study area is considered to be highly appropriate for agricultural production in 41.2% (39044.28 ha), moderately suitable in 14.3% (13498.76 ha), and marginally suitable in 4.2% (3993 ha). Furthermore, it was discovered that 1.9% of the land is now unfit for agricultural production (1766.6 ha), while 38.4% of the area is permanently unsuitable (36372.6 ha). The following facts were also discovered to be important in achieving these results: a large portion (approximately 45%) of the study area is covered with forests, built-up areas, and water bodies, the soil depth is insufficient for agricultural production, the slope in the study area is quite steep, and thus the erosion degree is high.
Center Stir Zone Investigations of Dissimilar AA6082, AA2014 and AA7075 Welds
Authors: Thilagham K.T. , Muthukumaran S. 
Published: March 2022

The study compares the mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA6082, AA2014, and AA7075 dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum 6 mm plates. The alloys AA2014 and AA7075 are aerospace grade, whereas AA6082 is structural grade. The AA6082/AA7075, AA6082/AA2014, and AA2014/AA7075 joints were formed with optimized parameters of 2° tilt angle, 900 rpm rotational speed, and 80 mm/min feed rate with a constant axial force of 20 kN. Then, to investigate the stir zone properties of the joints, the tensile strength, microstructural, and hardness variations across the weld were revealed. Despite the fact that the strength of each joint was varied, the fine grain in the stir zone across the weld and advancing side weld/HAZ failure in tensile failure were studied for all welds. Further EBSD analysis revealed fine grains for the formation of its center stir zone due to dynamic recovery recrystallization during welding.
Effects of Increased Impeller Power in a Production‐Scale Aspergillusoryzae Fermentation
Authors: Li Zheng Jian , Shukla Vivek , Wenger Kevin S. , Fordyce Andrew P. , Pedersen Annemarie Gade , Marten Mark R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe goal in this study was to determine how increased impeller power affects enzyme expression in large‐scale (80 m3), fed‐batch Aspergillus oryzae fermentations. An approximate 50% increase in average impeller power was achieved by increasing impeller diameter approximately 10%, while operating at slightly reduced speed. Measured decreases in terminal (95%) mixing time show increased power improved bulk mixing. However, batches operated at increased power had lower recombinant enzyme productivity. Biomass assays and image analysis tests showed no significant difference between “high power” and control batches, suggesting that slower growth, altered morphology, or increased hyphal fragmentation were not the cause of reduced productivity. Off‐line tests on the shear‐thinning, highly viscous broth show oxygen limitation occurred after transport through the air‐liquid interface and imply the limitation may involve bulk mixing. Specifically, oxygen transfer may be limited to a small zone surrounding each impeller. When this is the case, oxygen mass transfer will be determined by both impeller shear and fluid circulation, which have been characterized with the energy dissipation/circulation function (EDCF). EDCF values during control fermentations were approximately constant at 25 kW m −3 s−1, while EDCF values during “high power” batches fell linearly from 40 to 15 kW m −3 s−1. The point at which “high power” EDCF values drop below those in control fermentations corresponds almost exactly with the point at which product titer stops increasing. Thus, our findings suggest oxygen mass transfer was less efficient during the latter half of “high power” fermentations because of reductions in impeller speed and subsequent decreases in EDCF values. This observation has clear implications during the scale‐up of viscous fungal fermentations, implying that not only is the level of impeller power important, but also relevant is how this power is applied.
Consistency of histopathological reporting of laryngeal dysplasia
Authors: McLaren K M , Burnett R A , Goodlad J R , Howatson S R , Lang S , Lee F D , Lessells A M , Ogston S , Robertson A J , Simpson J G , Smith G D , Tavadia H B , Walker (the Scottish Pathology Consistency Group) F 
Published: July 2002

AimsClinical management of premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx is dependent on histopathological evaluation. The Scottish Pathology Consistency Group assessed interobserver variation in the evaluation of laryngeal dysplasia.Methods and resultsOne hundred laryngeal biopsies ranging from normal to invasive carcinoma were assessed. The overall Kappa result of 0.32 was disappointing. However, agreement on those categories which dictate significantly different management was more favourable. The Kappa figure for mild dysplasia versus severe dysplasia/CIS was 0.7, the Kappa figure for mild dysplasia versus severe dysplasia/CIS and invasive carcinoma was 0.77. The Kappa figure for mild and moderate dysplasia versus severe dysplasia/CIS and invasive carcinoma was 0.57. An attempt to use a two grade system gave a Kappa figure of 0.52.ConclusionsOur group had a satisfactory agreement on the distinction of mild from severe dysplasia and on microinvasive carcinoma without any discussion as to histopathological criteria to be used. Clinical management — review endoscopy, repeat cord stripping, radiotherapy and laryngectomy — is in general dependent on histological assessment. Thus the agreement on categories which underpin clinical management is reassuring. However, assessment of moderate dysplasia remains problematic. An attempt to utilize a two grade system — low grade from high grade dysplasia/CIS — may have merit. The implications of the terminology used must be agreed among pathologists and clinicians working closely within clinicopathological cancer groups.
The effects of NMDA‐induced retrohippocampal lesions on performance of four spatial memory tasks known to be sensitive to hippocampal damage in the rat
Authors: Pouzet B. , Welzl H. , Gubler M. K. , Broersen L. , Veenman C. L. , Feldon J. , Rawlins J. N. P. , Yee B. K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFour separate cohorts of rats were employed to examine the effects of cytotoxic retrohippocampal lesions in four spatial memory tasks which are known to be sensitive to direct hippocampal damage and/or fornix‐fimbria lesions in the rat. Selective retrohippocampal lesions were made by means of multiple intracerebral infusions of NMDA centred on the entorhinal cortex bilaterally. Cell damage typically extended from the lateral entorhinal area to the distal ventral subiculum. Experiment 1 demonstrated that retrohippocampal lesions spared the acquisition of a reference memory task in the Morris water maze, in which the animals learned to escape from the water by swimming to a submerged platform in a fixed location. In the subsequent transfer test, when the escape platform was removed, rats with retrohippocampal lesions tended to spend less time searching in the appropriate quadrant compared to controls. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the lesions also spared the acquisition of a working memory version of the water maze task in which the location of the escape platform was varied between days. In experiment 3, both reference and working memory were assessed using an eight‐arm radial maze in which the same four arms were constantly baited between trials. In the initial acquisition, reference memory but not working memory was affected by the lesions. During subsequent reversal learning in which previously baited arms were now no longer baited and vice versa, lesioned animals made significantly more reference memory errors as well as working memory errors. In experiment 4, spatial working memory was assessed in a delayed matching‐to‐position task conducted in a two‐lever operant chamber. There was no evidence for any impairment in rats with retrohippocampal lesions in this task. The present study demonstrated that unlike direct hippocampal damage, retrohippocampal cell loss did not lead to a general impairment in spatial learning, implying that the integrity of the retrohippocampus and/or its interconnection with the hippocampal formation is not critical for normal hippocampal‐dependent spatial learning and memory. This outcome is surprising for a number of current hippocampal theories, and suggests that other cortical as well as subcortical inputs to the hippocampus might be of more importance, and further raises the question regarding the functional significance of the retrohippocampal region.Introduction
How many standard drinks are there in a glass of wine?
Authors: BANWELL CATHY 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis small study investigates how much alcohol women consume when they have a glass of wine. Hotels in an inner city suburb of Melbourne were visited and their most commonly used wine glass was measured. Three major glass distributors and the Australian Hotels Association were asked about the size of commonly used wine glasses. Eighty‐six women measured and recorded the amount of alcohol they drank in a 2‐week prospective beverage diary. This study shows that, on average, wine glasses used in licensed premises such as hotels are larger than a standard drink. When at home participants, on average, drank more than a standard drink when consuming wine, champagne, spirits or liqueurs, but they drank less than a standard drink when drinking beer, cider and fortified wine. Wine drinkers, who are often women, cannot rely solely on counting their glasses of wine to keep them below the recommended number of standard drinks when in social situations, such as at hotels and private dwellings.
A heuristic managing errors for DNA sequencing
Authors: Błażewicz Jacek , Formanowicz Piotr , Guinand Frederic , Kasprzak Marta 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: A new heuristic algorithm for solving DNA sequencing by hybridization problem with positive and negative errors.
Results: A heuristic algorithm providing better solutions than algorithms known from the literature based on tabu search method.
Contact: blazewic@sol.put.poznan.pl
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Current and future management of infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci infections: the role of quinupristin/dalfopristin
Authors: Péchère J. C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The rise in the number of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria that has occurred in recent years has resulted in the development of infections that are difficult to treat, and also in severely restricted treatment options. In particular, the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased, with strains shown to cause up to 21% of skin infections and 59.6% of nosocomial pneumonia. Recently, strains of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus or GISA) are causing great concern, particularly as vancomycin has been the agent of choice in the treatment of infection caused by MRSA. GISA has been identified in Japan, the USA and Europe. New agents that have anti-MRSA activity are now being investigated. These include the novel streptogramin, quinupristin/dalfopristin. This report examines the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against strains of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, including multidrug-resistant MRSA and GISA.
Preface
Authors: Drake Susan , Wood Martin 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Infections with the α-herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are common and are often considered trivial dermatological conditions. They should more appropriately be considered as chronic infections of the sensory nervous system. Reactivation of either virus results in significant discomfort and psychosocial distress, problems that could be minimized by appropriate therapy. Furthermore, the public health impact of genital HSV infection should not be underestimated. These aspects were explored at a symposium held at the Eighth Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, held in Amsterdam in September 1999, the proceedings of which form the basis for this supplement.
Four important aspects of HSV and VZV infections are addressed. The first is the true significance to the patient of pain persisting after acute herpes zoster. In spite of the availability of oral antiviral agents, appropriate use of which can reduce the duration of such pain, there are still barriers to early diagnosis and prompt institution of effective therapy. The second contribution discusses the importance of diagnosing genital HSV infection, both in terms of reducing morbidity by appropriate treatment of the symptomatic individual and, in public health terms, to reduce transmission of the virus. The authors recognize both the advantages in using type-specific serology in truly asymptomatic patients as well as any concomitant costs in terms of psychological distress to the individual or their partner. The pathogenesis, epidemiology, diverse clinical presentations, psychosocial impact and management of facial herpes simplex in general are discussed in the third manuscript. The final paper provides an in-depth review of the available data on HSV infection and its prevention in the context of facial resurfacing in cosmetic surgery. Further ideas for improved outcome are considered in this setting, where the natural expectation of excellent results is high. Awareness of the importance and extent of each of these issues should improve the management of many patients.
We acknowledge with gratitude the support of Glaxo Wellcome in the production of this publication.
Control Genes and Variability: Absence of Ubiquitous Reference Transcripts in Diverse Mammalian Expression Studies
Authors: Lee Peter D. , Sladek Robert , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Hudson Thomas J. 
Published: July 2002

Control genes, commonly defined as genes that are ubiquitously expressed at stable levels in different biological contexts, have been used to standardize quantitative expression studies for more than 25 yr. We analyzed a group of large mammalian microarray datasets including the NCI60 cancer cell line panel, a leukemia tumor panel, and a phorbol ester induction time course as well as human and mouse tissue panels. Twelve housekeeping genes commonly used as controls in classical expression studies (including GAPD, ACTB, B2M, TUBA, G6PD, LDHA, and HPRT) show considerable variability of expression both within and across microarray datasets. Although we can identify genes with lower variability within individual datasets by heuristic filtering, such genes invariably show different expression levels when compared across other microarray datasets. We confirm these results with an analysis of variance in a controlled mouse dataset, showing the extent of variability in gene expression across tissues. The results show the problems inherent in the classical use of control genes in estimating gene expression levels in different mammalian cell contexts, and highlight the importance of controlled study design in the construction of microarray experiments.[Supplemental material available online athttp://genome.mcgill.ca/∼pdlee/control_genes and andhttp://www.genome.org.]
N‐terminal extension changes the folding mechanism of the FK506‐binding protein
Authors: Korepanova Alla , Douglas Chanel , Leyngold Ilya , Logan Timothy M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMany of the protein fusion systems used to enhance the yield of recombinant proteins result in the addition of a small number of amino acid residues onto the desired protein. Here, we investigate the effect of short (three amino acid) N‐terminal extensions on the equilibrium denaturation and kinetic folding and unfolding reactions of the FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) and compare the results obtained with data collected on an FKBP variant lacking this extension. Isothermal equilibrium denaturation experiments demonstrated that the N‐terminal extension had a slight destabilizing effect. NMR investigations showed that the N‐terminal extension slightly perturbed the protein structure near the site of the extension, with lesser effects being propagated into the single α‐helix of FKBP. These structural perturbations probably account for the differential stability. In contrast to the relatively minor equilibrium effects, the N‐terminal extension generated a kinetic‐folding intermediate that is not observed in the shorter construct. Kinetic experiments performed on a construct with a different amino acid sequence in the extension showed that the length and the sequence of the extension both contribute to the observed equilibrium and kinetic effects. These results point to an important role for the N terminus in the folding of FKBP and suggest that a biological consequence of N‐terminal methionine removal observed in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins is to increase the folding efficiency of the polypeptide chain.