bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed Concept of Service Life Extension of Marine Propulsion Shafts
Authors: Vicencio Mario 
Published: January 2022

Marine propeller shafts, like most power transmission shafts, are fatigue-loaded components. Because of the corrosive environment, they operate in, a marine propeller shafts' corrosion fatigue strength may the limiting factor in its design.
The life of a fatigue-loaded mechanical component is dependent on the tensile stresses it is subjected to in service. If effective tensile stresses acting on a shaft could be reduced. Service life could be extended Shot Peening is a mature, developed procedure that has been proven successful in raising fatigue strength and retarding Stress Corrosion Cracking. A rather simplified approach explaining how and why it works in addressing the very complicated subject of fatigue is presented here.
Particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries, its successful applications are well documented The practical suggestion on how it could be applied in providing extended service lives for marine propeller shafts is attempted in this paper. Several relevant case studies conducted by other researchers are presented.
Valoración de Competencias Emocionales de adolescentes en clases online durante COVID-19 en escuela pública de São Paulo
Authors: Vaquero-Diego María , Ribeiro Paccola Flávia 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación se basó en analizar, a través de un aula virtual síncrona, desarrollada durante la pandemia, entre España y Brasil, cómo la pedagogía activa, en que el alumno actúa activamente en su aprendizaje, puede ser desarrollada dentro de la sala de aula virtual. Además, se procede a evaluar las competencias emocionales, con un cuestionario online, para impulsar su desarrollo futuro.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque: A partir de una secuenciación didáctica totalmente online de tres sesiones se desarrolla una presentación de las profesoras extranjeras y una clase de vocabulario emocional (clase 1), una conversación acerca de emociones finalizada con un cuestionario sobre la situación de COVID-19 y la escuela, donde se proponen acciones de autodeterminación personal y social (clase 2) y un bingo virtual utilizando la Pedagogía Activa (PA), (clase 3). La recopilación fue cualitativa y cuantitativa y se hizo con 63 alumnos de la enseñanza media, entre 14 y 19 años, teniendo en cuenta 3 preguntas relacionadas con la situación emocional de ellos durante la pandemia.
Resultados: La Pedagogía Activa mostró un excelente método para motivar a los alumnos a participar de las clases virtuales. Según relato de la profesora, la presencia de los alumnos aumentó después de la primera clase de la secuenciación didáctica y se mantuvo alta hasta la última. Los datos nos informan, en esta muestra tomada, que los alumnos sienten emociones relacionadas con tristeza y miedo cuando piensan en las clases on-line y también que sienten felicidad y miedo cuando piensan en regresar a las aulas.
Development of paternally‐inherited Y chromosome simple sequence repeats of sika deer and their application in genetic structure, artificial introduction, and interspecific hybridization analyses
Authors: Takagi Toshihito , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Torii Harumi , Tamate Hidetoshi B. , Kaneko Shingo , Nagata Junco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of sex‐biased dispersal in mammalian ecology and evolution can be elucidated by focusing on maternally or paternally inherited DNA polymorphisms. In sika deer, the genetic structure of the maternal lineage has been clarified by studies based on mitochondrial DNA variation. However, the genetic structure of the paternal lineage has not been well analyzed due to the limited number of point mutations in Y chromosome sequences. In this study, we focused on mutations of highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the Y chromosome and developed 16 Y chromosome SSR markers to evaluate male‐biased dispersal in sika deer. In total, 55 alleles and 31 multi‐locus haplotypes were detected from these 16 loci, revealing clear genetic differentiation among populations (F′ST = 0.783). In particular, there were unique alleles for the native individuals on Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands and introduced exotic individuals from Taiwan. These markers are highly useful for evaluating not only historical male‐mediated dispersal, genetic structure, and demography of the native populations in Japan, but also the impact of artificial introductions on hybridization, especially the introgression of alleles from escaped farmed individuals to native populations.
A New Entry to Purely Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on Pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine‐Dihydrophenazasilines Donor‐Acceptor Dyad
Authors: Goya Tsuyoshi , Zimmermann Crocomo Paola , Hosono Takumi , Minakata Satoshi , de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , de Silva Piotr , Data Przemyslaw , Takeda Youhei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new family of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on a twisted donor‐acceptor (D−A) dyad scaffold comprising of dihydrophenazasiline (D) and pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine (A) has been developed, and their properties have been investigated. Time‐resolved spectroscopic analysis in matrices revealed the detailed photophysical properties of the D−A compounds. These D−A compounds serve as the emitter for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), showing a moderate external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 9% in CBP matrix. Furthermore, theoretical calculations uncovered the excited states nature of the developed TADF emitters.
Phosphonate/Phosphine Oxide Dyad Additive for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Wu Wenping , Zhan Hongmei , Yuan Wei , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Dezhong , Wang Dapeng , Cheng Yanxiang , Shao Shiyang , Qin Chuanjiang , Wang Lixiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdditives play a critical role for efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we report a novel phosphonate/phosphine oxide dyad molecular additive (PE‐TPPO), with unique dual roles of passivating defects and enhancing carrier radiative recombination, to boost the device efficiency of metal–halide perovskites. In addition to the defect passivation effect of the phosphine oxide group to enhance the photoluminescence intensity and homogeneity of perovskite film, the phosphonate group with strong electron affinity can capture the injected electrons to increase local carrier concentration and accelerate the carrier radiative recombination in the electroluminescence process. Owing to their synergistic enhancement on device efficiency, quasi‐two‐dimensional green PeLEDs modified by this dyad additive exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency, current efficiency, and power efficiency of 25.1 %, 100.5 cd A−1, and 98.7 lm W−1, respectively, which are among the reported state‐of‐the‐art efficiencies.
Factors affecting seabird abundance and interaction with the nearshore ‘for hire’ recreational charter fishery in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hughes Julian M. , Johnson Daniel D. , Collins Damian , Ochwada‐Doyle Faith A. , Murphy Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Bycatch in fishing gear is a threat to the conservation of seabird populations globally. Factors affecting interactions with commercial fisheries are well documented; however, little comparable information exists for recreational fisheries. High participation rates in many recreational fisheries globally mean that interactions with seabirds may have population‐level impacts.
This study specifically assessed factors affecting seabird interactions with a recreational hook‐and‐line fishery in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Observers on ‘for hire’ nearshore charter vessels collected data on seabird abundance, interactions and various fishing and environmental variables which could affect the numbers of seabirds in attendance at vessels.
In 2017/18, observers were present on 135 fishing trips spanning ~33–36°S off coastal NSW recording 3,183 seabirds, including 10 species from seven families. The majority consisted of shearwaters (Procellariidae; 76%), albatrosses (Diomedeidae; 8%) and gulls/terns (Laridae; 10%), including several species of conservation concern.
Significant seasonal variation in the abundances of the three main seabird families were recorded; however, none of the fishing or environmental variables influenced abundances of seabirds (except for the positive effect of inclement weather on shearwaters).
Eleven direct interactions and a single incidence of (shearwater) bycatch were recorded in over 630 h of observed fishing (1.74 and 0.16 per 100 h fishing, respectively); these rates were likely due to the active fishing methods used which allows fisher behaviour to minimize interactions.
Despite this, these rates indicate that the nearshore charter fishery does have the potential to present a threat to the conservation of seabird populations in this region. Furthermore, globally, for regions with high recreational fishing participation rates, increased and ongoing monitoring of seabird interactions with recreational fisheries is required.
This study also highlights that such interactions are likely to be rare events and future monitoring may require utilization of existing broadscale recreational fisheries monitoring programmes, as well as the development of new or enhanced programmes.
Haploinsufficiency of PSMD12 Causes Proteasome Dysfunction and Subclinical Autoinflammation
Authors: Yan Kai , Zhang Jiahui , Lee Pui Y. , Tao Panfeng , Wang Jun , Wang Shihao , Zhou Qing , Dong Minyue 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveProteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome (PRAAS) is caused by mutations affecting components of the proteasome and activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of a newly recognized type of PRAAS caused by PSMD12 haploinsufficiency.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed in members of a family with skin rash, congenital uveitis, and developmental delay. We performed functional studies to assess proteasome dysfunction and inflammatory signatures in patients, and single‐cell RNA sequencing to further explore the spectrum of immune cell activation.ResultsA novel truncated variant in PSMD12 (c.865C>T, p.Arg289*) was identified in 2 family members. The impairment of proteasome function was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as in PSMD12‐knockdown HEK 293T cell lines. Moreover, we defined the inflammatory signatures in patient PBMCs and found elevated IFN signals, especially in monocytes, by single‐cell RNA sequencing.ConclusionThese findings indicate that PSMD12 haploinsufficiency causes a set of inflammation signatures in addition to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our work expands the genotype and phenotype spectrum of PRAAS and suggests a bridge between the almost exclusively inflammatory phenotypes in the majority of PRAAS patients and the almost exclusively neurodevelopmental phenotypes in the previously reported Stankiewicz‐Isidor syndrome.
The role of a urine dipstick in the diagnosis of the acute scrotum
Authors: Tissot Sophie , Perrott Christopher , Grills Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of a urine dipstick in the assessment of acute scrotal pain emergency department presentations.MethodsA single institution, prospective case series, from February 2020 to February 2021. All patients who received a bedside review by a urology doctor for acute scrotal pain were included. Urine dipstick results were pre‐defined as having had an impact on the emergency clinician's diagnosis if it showed pyuria and/or nitrituria and the final diagnosis was epididymitis‐orchitis or haematuria and the final diagnosis was ureterolithiasis.Results139 patients presented to the emergency department with a complaint of acute scrotal pain. 85 (61%) were referred for bedside urology review. Median age of 17 years (P25 12 yrs, P75 31 yrs). 2.3% (n = 2) had proven testicular torsion, 28.5% (n = 24) had epididymitis‐orchitis and 8.2% (n = 7) had ureterolithiasis. 68 (80%) of patients received a primary diagnosis of testicular torsion by the emergency department clinician. Following review by a urology unit doctor, 14 proceeded to scrotal exploration for concern of testicular torsion. 7 patients were diagnosed with ureterolithiasis, all of whom had haematuria on their urine dipsticks (100%, 95% CI: 59–100%), 100% of these urine dipsticks were initiated by the urology unit doctor following bedside review. 22 patients were diagnosed with epididymitis‐orchitis. 8 of these had pyuria, nitrituria and/or haematuria on their urine dipstick (36%, 95% CI: 17–59%) and only one urine dipstick was completed prior to referral. 20.6% of patients perceived to have testicular torsion by the emergency department had a positive urine dipstick that aligned with their final alternative diagnosis (95% CI: 12–32%).ConclusionA collection of clinical findings is required to diagnose the aetiology of acute scrotal pain. Information that can be easily, quickly, cheaply, and reliably collected, such as a urine dipstick, can assist in clinical decision making.
In vitro and in silico interactions of antiulcer, glucocorticoids and urological drugs on human carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes
Authors: Güller Uğur , Beydemir Şükrü , Küfrevioğlu Ömer İrfan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrases (CAs, Enzyme Commission 4.2.1.1) convert carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in metabolism and use Zn2+ ions as a cofactor for their catalytic activity. The activators or inhibitors of CA‐I and CA‐II, which are the most abundant CA isozymes in erythrocytes, have pharmacological applications in medicine. So, investigation of drug‐protein interaction of these isozymes is significant. On this basis, the objective of this study was to clarify the primer effects of widely used drugs on the activity of human CA‐I and CA‐II enzymes and elucidate the inhibition mechanism through molecular docking studies. For this aim isozymes were purified from human erythrocytes by affinity chromatography technique. Then inhibition profiles of antiulcer, glucocorticoids, and urological drugs were investigated. As a result, while budesonide had the highest inhibitory potency on hydratase activity of hCA‐I with the IC50 of 0.08 mM, levofloxacin showed the highest inhibition effect on hCA‐II with the IC50 of 0.886 mM. The most effective inhibitor on the esterase activity of isozymes was found as fluticasone propionate with the Ki values of 0.0365 ± 0.016 mM and 0.054 ± 0.018 mM respectively. However, by molecular docking study, it was estimated that budesonide showed maximum inhibition potency for both isozymes with the free binding energy of −7.58 and −6.97 kcal/mol, respectively. Consequently, it was observed that some of the drugs studied did not show any inhibitory effect. Drug‐enzyme interactions were also estimated by molecular docking. This study could contribute to the discovery of new drug candidates and as well as target proteins.
Re‐thinking cheat‐proof and supervision‐free exams: A perspective in view of Covid‐19 situation in developing economies
Authors: Singh Sneha , Kumar Amit , Arya Aditya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the global pandemic, SARS‐CoV‐2 has posed several challenges to education across the globe and led to the emergence and progression of newer methods of teaching and assessment. While online teaching has been quickly adopted and implemented across the globe, exams and assessment remain poorly managed both at an elementary and higher level. The practice of promoting students without an equivalent assessment or poor methods of online examinations systems poses a future difficulty in employability assessment and academic equivalence. Here we propose some suggestive measures especially for developing economies with a lack of adequate technology and insufficiently sensitized trainers for online assessment to avert the difficulties due to faulty examination schemes in pandemic situations with prolonged lockdowns.
Evaluation of the prevalence of metachronous second primary malignancies in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and their effect on outcomes
Authors: Luo Xi , Huang Xiaodong , Liu Shaoyan , Wang Xiaolei , Luo Jingwei , Xiao Jianping , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Chen Xuesong , Zhang Ye , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Xu Guozhen , Gao Li , Wu Runye , Yi Junlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical characteristics of metachronous second primary malignancies (Met‐SPMs) and its impact on prognosis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC).MethodsWe reviewed 593 newly diagnosed HPC patients without invasive synchronous SPMs (Syn‐SPMs) who were treated in our cancer center between 2009 and 2019. According to the status during follow‐up, patients were classified into three groups: (a) without SPMs (No‐SPMs, n = 440), (b) with tumors in situ in the esophagus or stomach (Tis, n = 80), or (c) with Met‐SPMs (n = 73).ResultsThe median follow‐up time for entire cohort (n = 593) was 66.7 months. Met‐SPMs were present in 12.3% of the cohort (73/593). The predominant site of SPMs was esophagus, followed by lung, oral cavity, thyroid, stomach, and oropharynx. In Met‐SPMs group, both index tumor and SPMs were the main causes of death. Tis group exhibited comparable 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) with that of No‐SPMs group. The Met‐SPMs group had similar 5‐year OS rate and better 5‐year DSS rate of 47.3% versus 43.6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.931; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.681–1.274, p = 0.657) and 66.3% vs. 46.2% (OR, 0.600; 95% CI, 0.402–0.896, p = 0.012), respectively, compared with the No‐SPMs group.ConclusionThe overall incidence of Met‐SPMs in HPC was 12.3%. The occurrence of Met‐SPMs does not jeopardize the survival outcome of HPC. Routine surveillance of Met‐SPMs was requisite for patients with HPC.
Improving Biocatalytic Properties of an Azoreductase via the N‐Terminal Fusion of Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Ngo Anna Christina R. , Schultes Fabian Peter Josef , Maier Artur , Hadewig Simon Niklas Hermann , Tischler Dirk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAzoreductases require NAD(P)H to reduce azo dyes but the high cost of NAD(P)H limits its application. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) allows NAD(P)+ recycling and therefore, the fusion of these two biocatalysts seems promising. This study investigated the changes to the fusion protein involving azoreductase (AzoRo) of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP and FDH (FDHC23S and FDHC23SD195QY196H) of Candida boidinii in different positions with His‐tag as the linker. The position affected enzyme activities as AzoRo activity decreased by 20‐fold when it is in the N‐terminus of the fusion protein. FDHC23S+AzoRo was the most active construct and was further characterized. Enzymatic activities of FDHC23S+AzoRo decreased compared to parental enzymes but showed improved substrate scope – accepting bulkier dyes. Moreover, pH has an influence on the stability and activity of the fusion protein because at pH 6 (pH that is suboptimal for FDH), the dye reduction decreased to more than 50 % and this could be attributed to the impaired NADH supply for the AzoRo part.
Elucidating the Germanium Distribution in ITQ‐13 Zeolites by Density Functional Theory**
Authors: Fischer Michael , Bornes Carlos , Mafra Luís , Rocha João 
Published: January 2022

AbstractITQ‐13 is a medium‐pore zeolite that can be prepared in all‐silica form and as silicogermanate with Si/Ge ratios as low as 3. Usually synthesised in the presence of fluoride, ITQ‐13 is among the very few systems containing fluoride anions in two distinct cage types, cube‐like d4r units and [4 ⋅ 56] cages. Here, dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the energetically most favourable Ge distributions for Si/Ge ratios between 55 and 6. The calculations show Ge atoms are incorporated at both the corners of d4r cages and at the basal plane of the [4 ⋅ 56] cages, in accordance with 19F NMR spectroscopy. Two Ge atoms at adjacent corners of [4 ⋅ 56] cages are stable at the highest Ge content considered (Si/Ge=6). Such a local environment has not yet been considered in the experimental literature. A calculation of the corresponding 19F NMR resonance points to overlap with other resonances, which might preclude its clear identification. Additional calculations investigate the variation of the dynamic behaviour of the fluoride anions as a function of the local environment as well as the selective defluorination of the [4 ⋅ 56] cages.
Alkali‐surfactant foam improves extraction of oil from porous media
Authors: Zitha Pacelli L. J. , Guo Hua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCapillary forces result in the trapping of the oleic phase in porous media even after extensive flushing with brine. Alkali‐surfactant‐polymer formulations drastically diminish capillary forces, whereas adding polymer to the water phase increases viscous forces, resulting in highly efficient extraction of the residual oil. However, by virtue of its scale, the above process requires a large quantity of chemicals, which poses a threat to the environment. Here, we demonstrate that replacing the polymer with a gas such as nitrogen, flue gas, or carbon dioxide achieves equally superior oil extraction efficiency when using a much smaller amount of chemicals. Mobilized oil is first displaced as a continuous phase (oil‐bank) and then as an oil‐in‐water dispersion. Microflow visualization experiments reveal that dispersed oil spreads at the gas–liquid interface (surfactant solutions) due to the presence of adsorbed surfactant molecules. Our dry‐cleaning extraction of hydrocarbons has a wide spectrum of applications and is particularly useful for the production of hydrocarbons from underground formations while mitigating the impact of chemicals on the environment.