bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Catalytic Co‐operativity and Membrane Parameters in a Substrate‐driven Vesicular Assembly Modified by Nucleotides
Authors: Priyanka  , Kaur Brar Surinder , Maiti Subhabrata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRationalizing changes in functional properties by an exogenous module in a synthetic nanoscale self‐organized system has broader significance in designing responsive biomimic materials having application in catalysis to therapeutics. Herein, we have developed a substrate‐driven nanoscale vesicular assembly of a metallosurfactant (with dipicolylamine co‐ordinated with zinc ion as headgroup) which simultaneously acts as a cooperative catalyst for the hydrolysis of the RNA‐model substrate, 2‐hydroxypropyl‐4‐nitrophenylphosphate (HPNPP). We have found out that both purine and pyrimidine‐based nucleoside monophosphates interact differently with the assembly, modulating the rate of catalytic cleavage. The different means of recognition of the nucleobases leads to alteration in membrane fluidity as well as surface charge of the vesicular aggregates whether the assembly is in catalytically active or inactive state. Then a systematic pattern for different nucleotides mediated vesicular nanoscale assembly composed of a catalytically‐active surfactant by statistically corelating alteration in dynamic membrane parameters (fluidity, surface charge) with its co‐operative phosphodiester hydrolyzing ability has been generated using principal component analysis as statistical tool. Overall, it showed a unique response pathway of a co‐operative functional assembly to different exogenous modules, and this perception of the deconvolution of collective property opens up an avenue for future development of advanced adaptive systems.
Electrically Induced Underwater Superaerophilicity/Superaerophobicity Switching on Polypyrrole‐Coated Mesh Films for Selective Bubble Permeation
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Liu Pengchang , Yu Xiaoyan , Sun Xinchao , Lai Hua , Cheng Zhongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, materials with controllable superwettability have attracted much attention. However, almost all studies focused on controlling wetting of water and oil; research on underwater gas bubble wetting control is still rare. Herein, we report a mesh film prepared by coating polypyrrole (PPy) film on Ti mesh. Briefly, the film mesh is underwater superaerophilic when PPy is doped with perfluorooctanesulfonate ions (PFOS−), and becomes underwater superaerophobic as the PFOS− are removed. The transition of the wettability can be triggered by electrical stimuli, which is attributed to the cooperative effect between the rough structure and chemical components variation. The controllable wettability allows adjustable bubble permeation. It can be envisioned that the film will provide potential applications in the future, such as underwater bubble capture/release and microfluidic devices.
Stage‐Specific Generation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Lung Models to Measure CFTR Function
Authors: Ngan Shuk Yee , Quach Henry T. , Laselva Onofrio , Huang Elena N. , Mangos Maria , Xia Sunny , Bear Christine E. , Wong Amy P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are powerful tools that have the potential to generate in vitro human lung epithelial cells. However, challenges in efficiency and reproducibility remain in utilizing the cells for therapy discovery platforms. Here, we optimize our previously published protocols to efficiently generate three developmental stages of the lung model (fetal lung epithelial progenitors, fLEP; immature airway epithelial spheroid, AES; air‐liquid interface culture, ALI), and demonstrate its potential for cystic fibrosis (CF) drug discovery platforms. The stepwise approach directs differentiation from hPSC to definitive endoderm, anterior ventral foregut endoderm, and fetal lung progenitor cells. The article also describes the generation of immature airway epithelial spheroids in Matrigel with epithelial cells sorted by a magnetic‐activated cell sorting system, and the generation of adult‐like airway epithelia through air‐liquid interface conditions. We demonstrate that this optimized procedure generates remarkably higher cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and function than our previous method, and thus is uniquely suitable for CF research applications. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: hESC/hiPSC differentiation to fetal lung progenitorsBasic Protocol 2: Formation of airway epithelial spheroidsAlternate Protocol 1: Cryopreservation of airway epithelial spheroidsBasic Protocol 3: Differentiation and maturation in air‐liquid interface cultureAlternate Protocol 2: Differentiation and maturation of epithelial progenitors from airway epithelial spheroids in ALI culture
Employee‐oriented corporate social responsibility, innovation, and firm value
Authors: Suto Megumi , Takehara Hitoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether and how non‐pecuniary employee rewards based on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in association with human resource management (HRM) affect firm value. In the context of Japanese manufacturing firms for the 2006–2019 period, the regression results provide several important findings. Non‐pecuniary rewards work individually and synergistically with pecuniary rewards to enhance employee motivations for innovation, through which the CSR‐HRM nexus increases firm value. However, non‐employee perception of employee‐oriented CSR negatively moderates the relationship between innovation and firm market value. In the Japanese market, investors are fully aware about the CSR‐HRM effect on employee motivations and highly concerned with risk due to conflicts of interest between employees and non‐employee stakeholders. This suggests the importance of stakeholder engagement to link organizational innovation capability with firm value. These findings provide useful implications for the alignment of CSR strategies with HRM policies for optimizing innovation performance for corporate sustainable development.
Eating disorder related research using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk): Friend or foe?: Commentary on Burnette et al. (2021)
Authors: Vogel Matthias , Krüger Julia , Junne Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBurnette et al. reported a study that they sought to undertake to validate common eating disorder questionnaires in sexual and gender minorities. The researchers took advantage of the online recruitment platform Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Contrary to their expectations, the study proved not feasible due to invalid answering. Thus, Burnette et al. raise concerns against the trustworthiness of crowd‐sourced data that may be undermined by financial interests and other kinds of motivations. Our commentary highlights the potential of the COVID‐19 pandemic to inflate especially those intentions, which are monetary. Against the background of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a further problem seems to be that the anonymity of online crowd sourcing platforms might tempt participants to provide inconsistent answers, possibly reflecting tendencies of reactance. The reported pattern of paradoxical responses in Burnette et al.'s work does not reflect malingering; rather we believe that the study might have served some participants as an outlet for negative emotions. We discuss mechanisms of quality control and highlight the lack of interpersonal interaction associated with online data collections.
Iridium‐based electrocatalysts toward sustainable energy conversion
Authors: Huang Bo , Zhao Yulong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrocatalysis is an important branch in electrochemistry and also has a significant position in energy storage/conversion. Iridium (Ir)‐based electrocatalysts show promise because of the inherent redox property. Considering the abundance and expensive cost of such noble metal, significant efforts have been made to rationally improve the electrochemical performance of Ir‐based electrocatalysts during these years from the viewpoints of structural design and kinetic analysis. Most of the reports may aim to achieve high Ir atomic utilization with more exposed active sites, and both high electrochemical activity and durable stability are expected. In this case, Ir‐based single atoms, nanostructures, and composites are reported with various electrocatalytic applications of water splitting (involving hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reaction) and other electrocatalytic oxidation reactions (involving hydrogen oxidation reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, ammonia oxidation reaction, and formic acid oxidation reaction) as well as other electrocatalytic reduction reactions (involving oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction). These works deserve to be discussed and this review article comprehensively summarized the most significant reports. We analyzed Ir‐based electrocatalysts from the viewpoints of synthesis, structure, electrochemical property, and reaction mechanism. The challenges and outlooks in the future were also provided from the aspects of fundamental studies and industrial applications, which may attract more attention and provide new insight into the design of advanced Ir‐based electrocatalysts with high performance.image
Experimental investigation of stable the proton exchange membrane fuel cell control using magnetic sensor probes
Authors: Akimoto Yutaro , Izawa Yuta , Suzuki Shin‐nosuke , Okajima Keiichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the avoidance and detection of failures such as flooding and dry‐out are crucial. Non‐destructive measurement approaches using magnetic sensors have been developed for this purpose. To reduce the number of sensors required to be installed in a PEMFC system for evaluation, we propose a control method for PEMFCs using the magnetic flux density as an index. The proposed method determines the failure conditions by calculating a simple current mapping with a reduced number of sensors. The results of four‐point magnetic flux densities under failure conditions and stable control using two‐point measurement indices are presented.
MAC2 is a long‐lasting marker of peripheral cell infiltrates into the mouse CNS after bone marrow transplantation and coronavirus infection
Authors: Hohsfield Lindsay A. , Tsourmas Kate I. , Ghorbanian Yasamine , Syage Amber R. , Jin Kim Sung , Cheng Yuting , Furman Susana , Inlay Matthew A. , Lane Thomas E. , Green Kim N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroglia are the primary resident myeloid cells of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from damage and infection. Monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages arising from the periphery have also been implicated in CNS pathologies, however, distinguishing between different myeloid cell populations in the CNS has been difficult. Here, we set out to develop a reliable histological marker that can assess distinct myeloid cell heterogeneity and functional contributions, particularly in the context of disease and/or neuroinflammation. scRNAseq from brains of mice infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of the mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), a mouse coronavirus, revealed that Lgals3 is highly upregulated in monocyte and macrophage populations, but not in microglia. Subsequent immunostaining for galectin‐3 (encoded by Lgals3), also referred to as MAC2, highlighted the high expression levels of MAC2 protein in infiltrating myeloid cells in JHMV‐infected and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, in stark contrast to microglia, which expressed little to no staining in these models. Expression of MAC2 was found even 6–10 months following BM‐derived cell infiltration into the CNS. We also demonstrate that MAC2 is not a specific label for plaque‐associated microglia in the 5xFAD mouse model, but only appears in a distinct subset of these cells in the presence of JHMV infection or during aging. Our data suggest that MAC2 can serve as a reliable and long‐lasting histological marker for monocyte/macrophages in the brain, identifying an accessible approach to distinguishing resident microglia from infiltrating cells in the CNS under certain conditions.
Locational boundness of resource, compatibility of production, and downside risks of multinationality
Authors: Song Sangcheol 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe extend the multinational operational flexibility literature by examining how the characteristics of resources and capabilities within a portfolio of international investments affect its downside risks. We postulate that non‐location bound resources and capabilities within an international investment portfolio are crucial to reducing switching costs and enhancing cross‐country switchability, thus curbing downside risks. Our large sample of Korean multinational corporations reveals that globally sourced production inputs or more technological capabilities help curb downside risks, while locally sourced inputs or more marketing capabilities do not. We additionally find that the positive effect of less locational boundness is more salient when the portfolio has a high product relatedness or standardization.Managerial SummaryThis study provides some managerial implications for international business managers. The findings suggest that the downside risk reduction effect of multinationality varies by heterogeneous resource and production conditions. They indicate that the locational boundness embedded in marketing capability, technological capability, and product type affects cross‐border switchability. IB managers make strategic decisions on resource and product types for their overseas manufacturing subsidiaries in the configuration and coordination processes of their internationalization to maximize multinational operational flexibility. A more effective alignment of resources and capabilities with the strategic intent of boosting geographic fungibility facilitates effective production shifts within the same production network.
Automatic brain segmentation in preterm infants with post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus using 3D Bayesian U‐Net
Authors: Largent Axel , De Asis‐Cruz Josepheen , Kapse Kushal , Barnett Scott D. , Murnick Jonathan , Basu Sudeepta , Andersen Nicole , Norman Stephanie , Andescavage Nickie , Limperopoulos Catherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPost‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a severe complication of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very preterm infants. PHH monitoring and treatment decisions rely heavily on manual and subjective two‐dimensional measurements of the ventricles. Automatic and reliable three‐dimensional (3D) measurements of the ventricles may provide a more accurate assessment of PHH, and lead to improved monitoring and treatment decisions. To accurately and efficiently obtain these 3D measurements, automatic segmentation of the ventricles can be explored. However, this segmentation is challenging due to the large ventricular anatomical shape variability in preterm infants diagnosed with PHH. This study aims to (a) propose a Bayesian U‐Net method using 3D spatial concrete dropout for automatic brain segmentation (with uncertainty assessment) of preterm infants with PHH; and (b) compare the Bayesian method to three reference methods: DenseNet, U‐Net, and ensemble learning using DenseNets and U‐Nets. A total of 41 T2‐weighted MRIs from 27 preterm infants were manually segmented into lateral ventricles, external CSF, white and cortical gray matter, brainstem, and cerebellum. These segmentations were used as ground truth for model evaluation. All methods were trained and evaluated using 4‐fold cross‐validation and segmentation endpoints, with additional uncertainty endpoints for the Bayesian method. In the lateral ventricles, segmentation endpoint values for the DenseNet, U‐Net, ensemble learning, and Bayesian U‐Net methods were mean Dice score = 0.814 ± 0.213, 0.944 ± 0.041, 0.942 ± 0.042, and 0.948 ± 0.034 respectively. Uncertainty endpoint values for the Bayesian U‐Net were mean recall = 0.953 ± 0.037, mean negative predictive value = 0.998 ± 0.005, mean accuracy = 0.906 ± 0.032, and mean AUC = 0.949 ± 0.031. To conclude, the Bayesian U‐Net showed the best segmentation results across all methods and provided accurate uncertainty maps. This method may be used in clinical practice for automatic brain segmentation of preterm infants with PHH, and lead to better PHH monitoring and more informed treatment decisions.
“An antibiotic turned contraceptive”: The tale of ampicillin‐cloxacillin
Authors: Iheanacho Chinonyerem O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntibiotic misuse is a major public health threat globally, requiring active efforts toward halting its progression. The African sub‐region is worst hit by communicable diseases, and also possesses weak health systems to effectively combat the menace of antimicrobial resistance. Meanwhile, antibiotics are among the most regularly misused medicines in Nigeria, particularly for inappropriate indication and duration. This is seen in its use as a contraceptive by young women in the country. This paper evaluates the reliance and use of an antibiotic for contraception, a practice that has continuously being a large source of antibiotic misuse in Nigeria. Its causes and effects are also evaluated in this commentary. To effectively combat the increasing antimicrobial misuse, correct use of antibiotics for their appropriate indications is highly essential. Adequate knowledge of contraception should be ensured among young women in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria.
Isolating forest process effects on modelled snowpack density and snow water equivalent
Authors: Bonner Hannah M. , Raleigh Mark S. , Small Eric E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how the presence of a forest canopy influences the underlying snowpack is critical to making accurate model predictions of bulk snow density and snow water equivalent (SWE). To investigate the relative importance of forest processes on snow density and SWE, we applied the SUMMA model at three sites representing diverse snow climates in Colorado (USA), Oregon (USA), and Alberta (Canada) for 5 years. First, control simulations were run for open and forest sites. Comparisons to observations showed the uncalibrated model with NLDAS‐2 forcing performed reasonably. Then, experiments were completed to isolate how forest processes affected modelled snowpack density and SWE, including: (1) mass reduction due to interception loss, (2) changes in the phase and amount of water delivered from the canopy to the underlying snow, (3) varying new snow density from reduced wind speed, and (4) modification of incoming longwave and shortwave radiation. Delivery effects (2) increased forest snowpack density relative to open areas, often more than 30%. Mass effects (1) and wind effects (3) decreased forest snowpack density, but generally by less than 6%. The radiation experiment (4) yielded negligible to positive effects (i.e., 0%–10%) on snowpack density. Delivery effects on density were greatest at the warmest times in the season and at the warmest site (Oregon): higher temperatures increased interception and melted intercepted snow, which then dripped to the underlying snowpack. In contrast, mass effects and radiation effects were shown to have the greatest impact on forest‐to‐open SWE differences, yielding differences greater than 30%. The study highlights the importance of delivery effects in models and the need for new types of observations to characterize how canopies influence the flux of water to the snow surface.
Coaxial 3D bioprinting of tri‐polymer scaffolds to improve the osteogenic and vasculogenic potential of cells in co‐culture models
Authors: Shahabipour Fahimeh , Tavafoghi Maryam , Aninwene George E. , Bonakdar Shahin , Oskuee Reza Kazemi , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Potyondy Tyler , Alambeigi Farshid , Ahadian Samad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe crosstalk between osteoblasts and endothelial cells is critical for bone vascularization and regeneration. Here, we used a coaxial 3D bioprinting method to directly print an osteon‐like structure by depositing angiogenic and osteogenic bioinks from the core and shell regions of the coaxial nozzle, respectively. The bioinks were made up of gelatin, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), alginate, and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and were loaded with human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and osteoblasts (MC3T3) in the core and shell regions, respectively. Conventional monoaxial 3D bioprinting was used as a control method, where the hydrogels, HAp nanoparticles, MC3T3 cells, and HUVECs were all mixed in one bioink and printed from the core nozzle. As a result, the bioprinted scaffolds were composed of cell‐laden fibers with either a core‐shell or homogenous structure, providing a non‐contact (indirect) or contact (direct) co‐culture of MC3T3 cells and HUVECs, respectively. Both structures supported the 3D culture of HUVECs and osteoblasts over a long period. The scaffolds also supported the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic factors. However, the gene expression was significantly higher for the core‐shell structure than the homogeneous structure due to the well‐defined distribution of osteoblasts and endothelial cells and the formation of vessel‐like structures in the co‐culture system. Our results indicated that the coaxial bioprinting technique, with the ability to create a non‐contact co‐culture of cells, can provide a more efficient bioprinting strategy for printing highly vascularized and bioactive bone structures.
Environmental cue difference and training duration modulate spatial learning and cue preference in detour task
Authors: Sun Hua‐Ying , Wang Jian‐Hong , Li Lan‐Jiang , Liu Xiao‐Fen , Che Yi , Ma Yuan‐Ye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how different environmental cue and the proficiency of body motion influenced detour learning behaviour and cue preference in cue conflict situations. Domestic chicks were trained to detour around an obstacle and follow a fixed route to rejoin with their partners. When the environmental cue was red versus blue vertical stripes, the chicks learned the detour task quicker, and as the number of training trials after route acquisition increased, they switched their preference from the environmental cue to a body‐motion cue in the cue conflict test. On the other hand, when the environmental cue was vertical versus horizontal blue stripes, the chicks learned the detour task slower and showed a dependence on the body‐motion cue regardless of the number of training trials performed after route acquisition. When the environmental cue was removed, most chicks could still successfully detour according to the specific route on which they had been trained. Furthermore, a significant difference in detour latency was found between chicks using the environmental cue and chicks using the body‐motion cue, suggesting separate neuronal circuits responsible for processing the two types of information. Our results demonstrated that young domestic chicks could use both environmental cue and body‐motion cues to memorize the route during the detour learning task; however, the detour route preference could be dynamically modulated by difference of the environmental cue and the number of training trials they received.