bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on applications of coalition formation in multi‐agent systems
Authors: Sarkar Samriddhi , Curado Malta Mariana , Dutta Animesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective of coalition formation is to partition the agent set that gives the highest utility to the system. Over the past three decades, the process of coalition formation has been applied to various real‐life applications where agents need to form efficient groups to accomplish a task. This article presents a study of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches on the applications of coalition formation. In particular, it surveys the algorithmic approaches for optimizing the system's welfare. The algorithms are then analyzed based on a framework that consists of two dimensions: (i) the features of the problem environment, which gives an overview of the complexity level of the environment, and (ii) the features of the problem solver, which gives an overview of the solution quality. Our study analyses the approaches in terms of the framework mentioned above, justifies the use of the approaches in a particular problem setting, presents guidance to choose the right algorithmic approach for a problem at hand, and classifies the state‐of‐the‐art approaches according to their basic working principles. This article also presents possible future directions of work to the research community. This study shows that theoretical models need more research before they can be deployed in the real world.
The Role of Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic Interactions in Enhancing Two‐Photon Absorption in Green and Yellow Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Grabarek Dawid , Andruniów Tadeusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spectral properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) depend on the protein environment of the chromophore (CRO). A deeper understanding of the CRO – environment interactions in terms of FPs’ spectral characteristics will allow for a rational design of novel markers with desired properties. Here, we are taking a step towards achieving this important goal. With the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we calculate one‐ and two‐photon absorption (OPA and TPA) spectra for 5 green FPs (GFPs) and 3 yellow FPs (YFPs) differing in amino acid sequence. The goal is to reveal the roles of: (i) electrostatic interactions, (ii) hydrogen‐bonds (h‐bonds) and (iii) h‐bonds together with distant electrostatic field in absorption spectra tuning. Our results point to design hypothesis towards FPs optimised for TPA‐based applications. Both h‐bonds and electrostatic interactions co‐operate in enhancing TPA cross‐section (
) for the
transition in GFPs. Furthermore, it seems that details of h‐bonds network in the CRO's vicinity influences
response to CRO – environment electrostatic interactions in YFPs. We postulate that engineering FPs with more hydrophilic CRO's environment can lead to greater
. We also find that removing h‐bonds formed with the CRO's phenolate leads to TPA enhancement for transition to higher excited states than S1. Particularly Y145 and T203 residues are important in this regard.
Introducing Large Genomic Deletions in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR‐Cas3
Authors: Hou Zhonggang , Hu Chunyi , Ke Ailong , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas systems provide researchers with eukaryotic genome editing tools and therapeutic platforms that make it possible to target disease mutations in somatic organs. Most of these tools employ Type II (e.g., Cas9) or Type V (e.g., Cas12a) CRISPR enzymes to create RNA‐guided precise double‐strand breaks in the genome. However, such technologies are limited in their capacity to make targeted large deletions. Recently, the Type I CRISPR system, which is prevalent in microbes and displays unique enzymatic features, has been harnessed to effectively create large chromosomal deletions in human cells. Type I CRISPR first uses a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex called Cascade to find its guide‐complementary target site, and then recruits a helicase‐nuclease enzyme, Cas3, to travel along and shred the target DNA over a long distance with high processivity. When introduced into human cells as purified RNPs, the CRISPR‐Cas3 complex can efficiently induce large genomic deletions of varying lengths (1‐100 kb) from the CRISPR‐targeted site. Because of this unique editing outcome, CRISPR‐Cas3 holds great promise for tasks such as the removal of integrated viral genomes and the interrogation of structural variants affecting gene function and human disease. Here, we provide detailed protocols for introducing large deletions using CRISPR‐Cas3. We describe step‐by‐step procedures for purifying the Type I‐E CRISPR proteins Cascade and Cas3 from Thermobifida fusca, electroporating RNPs into human cells, and characterizing DNA deletions using PCR and sequencing. We focus here on human pluripotent stem cells due to their clinical potential, but these protocols will be broadly useful for other cell lines and model organisms for applications including large genomic deletion, full‐gene or ‐chromosome removal, and CRISPR screening for noncoding elements, among others. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of Tfu Cascade RNPSupport Protocol 1: Expression and purification of TfuCas3 proteinSupport Protocol 2: Culture of human pluripotent stem cellsBasic Protocol 2: Introduction of Tfu Cascade RNP and Cas3 protein into hPSCs via electroporationBasic Protocol 3: Characterization of genomic DNA lesions using long‐range PCR, TOPO cloning, and Sanger sequencingAlternate Protocol: Comprehensive analysis of genomic lesions by Tn5‐based next‐generation sequencingSupport Protocol 3: Single‐cell clonal isolation
The metabolism of valerylfentanyl using human liver microsomes and zebrafish larvae
Authors: Cooman Travon , Hoover Brianna , Sauvé Brianna , Bergeron Sadie A. , Quinete Natalia , Gardinali Piero , Arroyo Luis E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractValerylfentanyl, a novel synthetic opioid less potent than fentanyl, has been reported in biological samples, but there are limited studies on its pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to elucidate the metabolism of valerylfentanyl using an in vitro human liver microsome (HLM) model compared with an in vivo zebrafish model. Nineteen metabolites were detected with N‐dealkylation—valeryl norfentanyl and hydroxylation as the major metabolic pathways. The major metabolites in HLMs were also detected in 30 day postfertilization zebrafish. An authentic liver specimen that tested positive for valerylfentanyl, among other opioids and stimulants, revealed the presence of a metabolite that shared transitions and retention time as the hydroxylated metabolite of valerylfentanyl but could not be confirmed without an authentic standard. 4‐Anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine (4‐ANPP), a common metabolite to other fentanyl analogs, was also detected. In this study, we elucidated the metabolic pathway of valerylfentanyl, confirmed two metabolites using standards, and demonstrated that the zebrafish model produced similar metabolites to the HLM model for opioids.
Tracking an invasion front with environmental DNA
Authors: Keller Abigail G. , Grason Emily W. , McDonald P. Sean , Ramón‐Laca Ana , Kelly Ryan P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractData from environmental DNA (eDNA) may revolutionize environmental monitoring and management, providing increased detection sensitivity at reduced cost and survey effort. However, eDNA data are rarely used in decision‐making contexts, mainly due to uncertainty around (1) data interpretation and (2) whether and how molecular tools dovetail with existing management efforts. We address these challenges by jointly modeling eDNA detection via qPCR and traditional trap data to estimate the density of invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas), a species for which, historically, baited traps have been used for both detection and control. Our analytical framework simultaneously quantifies uncertainty in both detection methods and provides a robust way of integrating different data streams into management processes. Moreover, the joint model makes clear the marginal information benefit of adding eDNA (or any other) additional data type to an existing monitoring program, offering a path to optimizing sampling efforts for species of management interest. Here, we document green crab eDNA beyond the previously known invasion front and find that the value of eDNA data dramatically increases with low population densities and low traditional sampling effort, as is often the case at leading‐edge locations. We also highlight the detection limits of the molecular assay used in this study, as well as scenarios under which eDNA sampling is unlikely to improve existing management efforts.
The use of trail cameras to monitor species inhabiting artificial nest boxes
Authors: Surmacki Adrian , Podkowa Paweł 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Artificial boxes are commonly used in studies of cavity‐dwelling animals of various taxa. One advantage of nest boxes is that cameras can be used to monitor animals inside the cavity, however, most cameras used today have to be built de novo or modified or are expensive.

Here, we describe a method for monitoring nest boxes using off‐the‐shelf models of trail cameras that can record photographs and videos in daylight and darkness (TCM; Trail Camera Method). The cameras can record sequentially within a given time lapse or an infra‐red motion sensor can be triggered by activity in the nest box.

Using TCM in a Great Tit (Parus major) nest box population, we studied the hourly pattern of the first egg laying and the first egg hatching. We found that Great Tits laid eggs within 2 h of the sunrise while the timing of hatching spanned the 24‐h day. Moreover, we found that the hour of hatching affects the nestlings’ mass on the 2nd day of life, but not on the 12th day of life.

Comparing to traditional nest box checks, TMC requires about 75% less time to obtain data on the timing of egg laying and hatching. Moreover, the hour estimation error was several orders of magnitude greater with the traditional method.

Our data demonstrate that commercially available trail cameras are an affordable and convenient method of monitoring artificial cavities. Trail cameras are small, standalone, weather‐proof devices with integrated powering, memory storage, lighting, and recording systems. They could be easily swapped between boxes or removed. After small modifications of the box, they could be used to monitor a wide variety of behaviors of many animal taxa.
Lateralization in feeding is food type specific and impacts feeding success in wild birds
Authors: Karenina Karina , Giljov Andrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent research suggests that hemispheric lateralization has significant fitness consequences. Foraging, as a basic survival function, is a perfect research model to test the fitness impact of lateralization. However, our understanding of lateralized feeding behavior is based predominantly on laboratory studies, while the evidence from wild animals in natural settings is limited. Here we studied visual lateralization in yellow‐footed green pigeons (Treron phoenicoptera) feeding in the wild. We aimed to test whether different types of food objects requiring different searching strategies elicit different eye/hemisphere biases. When feeding on relatively large, uniformly colored food objects (mahua flowers) which can be present or absent in the viewed patch, the majority of pigeons relied mostly on the left eye–right hemisphere. In contrast, when feeding on smaller and more abundant food objects, with color cues signaling its ripeness (sacred figs), right‐eye (left‐hemisphere) preference prevailed. Our results demonstrate that oppositely directed visual biases previously found in different experimental tasks occur in natural feeding situations in the form of lateralized viewing strategies specific for different types of food. The results suggest that pigeons rely on the hemisphere providing more advantages for the consumption of the particular type of food objects, implying the relevance of brain lateralization as a plastic adaptation to ecological demands. We assessed the success of food discrimination and consumption to examine the link between lateralization and cognitive performance. The use of the preferred eye resulted in better discrimination of food items. Discrimination accuracy and feeding efficiency were significantly higher in lateralized individuals. The results showed that visual lateralization impacted pigeons’ feeding success, implicating important fitness benefits associated with lateralization.
Estimating wolf abundance from cameras
Authors: Ausband David E. , Lukacs Paul M. , Hurley Mark , Roberts Shane , Strickfaden Kaitlyn , Moeller Anna K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonitoring the abundance of rare carnivores is a daunting task for wildlife biologists. Many carnivore populations persist at relatively low densities, public interest is high, and the need for population estimates is great. Recent advances in trail camera technology provide an unprecedented opportunity for biologists to monitor rare species economically. Few studies, however, have conducted rigorous analyses of our ability to estimate abundance of low‐density carnivores with cameras. We used motion‐triggered trail cameras and a space‐to‐event model to estimate gray wolf (Canis lupus) abundance across three study areas in Idaho, USA, 2016–2018. We compared abundance estimates between cameras and noninvasive genetic sampling that had been extensively tested in our study areas. Estimates of mean wolf abundance from camera and genetic surveys were within 22% of one another and 95% CIs overlapped in 2 of the 3 years. A single camera with many detections appeared to bias camera estimates high in 2018. A subsequent bootstrapping procedure produced a population estimate from cameras equal to that derived from genetic sampling, however. Camera surveys were less than half the cost of genetic surveys once initial camera purchases were made. Our results suggest that cameras can be a viable method for estimating wolf abundance across broad landscapes (>10,000 km2).
A specialist bee and its host plants experience phenological shifts at different rates in response to climate change
Authors: Weaver Sarah A. , Mallinger Rachel E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChanges in climate can alter the phenology of organisms, potentially decoupling partners within mutualisms. Previous studies have shown that plant and pollinator phenologies are shifting over time, but these shifts have primarily been documented for generalists and within small geographic regions, and the specific climatic cues regulating these shifts are not well understood. We examined phenological shifts in a specialist pollinator and its host plant species over a 117‐year study period using a digitized data set of more than 4000 unique collection records. We assessed how climatic cues regulate these organisms’ phenologies using PRISM weather data associated with each record. We tested the hypothesis that rates of phenological change would be greater at northern latitudes. We found that the phenology of the specialist bee pollinator Habropoda laboriosa is changing over time, but at different rates across its range. Specifically, phenology is advancing to a greater degree in more northern populations, with increasing phenological advances of 0.04 days/year with each degree of latitude, and with a delay in phenology in more southern populations. In contrast, only one species in the host plant genus Vaccinium is experiencing phenological change over time. For this plant, rates of change are also variable across latitudes, but in a pattern opposite that of the bee; while phenology is advancing across its range, rates of advance are highest in more southern populations, with decreasing phenological advances of 0.01 days/year with each degree of latitude. The phenologies of both the bee and three of four Vaccinium spp. were regulated primarily by spring temperature, with phenologies overall advancing with increasing temperature, and with the strongest responses shown by the bee in northern populations. Our study provides partial support for the hypothesis that phenologies advance most at northern latitudes, but demonstrates that pollinators and plants do not adhere similarly to this prediction. Additionally, we illustrate the potential for phenological mismatch between a specialist pollinator and its host plants by showing that plants and pollinators are advancing their phenologies at different rates across space and time and with differing responses to changing climatic cues.
The spatial diffusion of “multi‐station integration” and sustainable development: From the perspective of eight economic zones in China
Authors: Jian Jinhua , Liu Pingkuo , Hou Jianchao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina's power system driven by the ubiquitous power internet of things, a new operation mode—“multi‐station integration” (MSI) has emerged. The novel business model can improve the energy utilization efficiency and promote the cross‐border business integration. In some earlier studies, mainly focused on conceptual analysis of application scenarios and operation modes of MSI. However, quantitative analysis that measure MSI popularize remain under development. This article highlights the recent advance achievements in MSI of digital power grid regarding transformation of Chinese eight economic zones. From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, the gravity model provides a framework for describing the spatial diffusion of MSI mode relative to eight economic zones (EEZ) in China. In addition, compared to conventional gravity model, this study improved four aspects of the basic spatial gravity model ‐ diffusion capacity, absorptive capacity, the gravitation coefficient, and economic distance. It is found that the spatial diffusion of MSI is subjected to eight economic zones interaction while the spatial heterogeneity is inevitable. Thus, the resulting represents a radial decline, with the three coastal economic zones as the center, gradually decreasing to the inland and western regions, especially for those coastal economic regions with large diffusion impacts. Meanwhile, we also discuss the advantages, impacts, and limitations of MSI spatial diffusion as valuable references for future development direction of MSI mode. Ultimately, some of future development recommendations for MSI emerging field is put forward.
Strategies for improving photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of Si‐based electrodes
Authors: Cheng Caihong , Zhang Weiying , Chen Xiaoming , Peng Shaoqin , Li Yuexiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSi, as a narrow bandgap semiconductor with a broadband absorption for sunlight, is considered to be a very competitive photoelectrode material for solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, there are major barriers in construction of efficient and stable Si‐based PEC cell, including low photovoltage, sluggish reaction kinetics, and poor stability in electrolytes. This review focuses on the strategies to solve these issues and summarizes recent progress. The working principles of PEC water splitting are first introduced. Then the strategies for improving Si‐based photoelectrode performances are discussed, including (1) the regulation of Si surface morphology for enhancing light harvesting, (2) band structure engineering strategies to reduce recombination of photogenerated carriers, and (3) modification of protection layers for long stability and loading cocatalysts on Si‐based photoelectrodes for accelerating water splitting. Lastly, we have presented some issues of Si‐based photoelectrode materials, which should be addressed in future research.
Adding mediation to India's corporate resolution process
Authors: Kamalnath Akshaya , Kaul Aparajita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndia's new insolvency law, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 (‘IBC’) was introduced to improve the efficiency of the resolution process. Although there is much to be credited in the law, the practice of it has shown that the process is often delayed by excessive litigation. This article aimed to study delays under the IBC by looking at the application of the law and providing an alternative feminist assessment. This assessment highlights that a feminist value missing from the practice of the IBC is the inclusion of stakeholders, and particularly a non‐adversarial system that helps stakeholders manage and resolve conflict amicably (and expeditiously) during insolvency resolution. Litigation before tribunals and courts to adjudicate upon stakeholder conflict often leads to significant delays. The article proposes a model that nudges parties towards mediation during a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (‘CIRP’) within the IBC, in order to preserve relationships and reduce delays.
Ciliary dynein arms: Cytoplasmic preassembly, intraflagellar transport, and axonemal docking
Authors: Qiu Tao , Roy Sudipto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe microtubular scaffold of motile cilia—the axoneme, is decorated with dynein arms, which are large multiprotein complexes essential for ciliary motility. Dynein arms are arranged along the length of the axoneme in a precise repeating pattern, converting chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into ciliary mechanical movement. How these complicated molecular machines are assembled coordinately and accurately, starting from mere polypeptide chains in the cytoplasm, remains a fascinating yet perplexing question. Rapidly emerging evidence, from multiple studies carried out with different model organisms and with various methodologies, has highlighted the existence of a dedicated assembly pathway. Here, we summarize recent progress made in clarifying the axonemal dynein arm assembly process, focusing on individual assembly steps, including cytoplasmic preassembly, intraflagellar transport, and axonemal docking.
Knowledge of nursing graduates on oral health care for older people in the long‐term care
Authors: Veerasamy Arthi , Lyons Karl , Crabtree Ian , Brunton Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesOral health self‐care deteriorates in older adults due to a decreasing level of cognition increasing disability and/or a reduction in manual dexterity. Older adults in hospital care or residential care therefore increasingly need assistance for oral health care. There is an increase in dentate patients entering residential care due to advances in dentistry. It is suggested therefore that nurses in aged care increasingly need advanced knowledge to care for their older dentate patients to prevent and minimize progression of oral diseases, given the impact of poor oral health on general health. The current study was conducted to investigate the oral health care knowledge of nursing graduates across Aotearoa New Zealand.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among third year nursing graduates in 18 nursing institutes in New Zealand. Oral health care knowledge and oral–systemic connection knowledge, and predictors of oral health care knowledge were investigated.ResultsTotal 148 students participated in the student's survey, making it 15% of 2020 graduates. The students’ survey results suggested that nursing graduates have good basic oral health knowledge, however, their knowledge of the oral–systemic disease connection and the value of an examination of the oral cavity were poor.ConclusionThe oral health care knowledge of nursing students and their ability to care for older adults relies on oral health care education in their nursing programs. A revision of curricula to improve oral health education in nursing programs is strongly recommended.