bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Patients Dying of Heart Failure and Cancer
Authors: Orlovic Martina , Mossialos Elias , Orkaby Ariela R. , Joseph Jacob , Gaziano J. Michael , Skarf Lara M. , Nohria Anju , Warraich Haider J. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hospice and palliative care were originally implemented for patients dying of cancer, both of which continue to be underused in patients with heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to understand the unique challenges faced by patients dying of HF compared with cancer.

Methods:
We assessed differences in demographics, health status, and financial burden between patients dying of HF and cancer from the Health and Retirement Study.

Results:

The analysis included 3203 individuals who died of cancer and 3555 individuals who died of HF between 1994 and 2014. Compared with patients dying of cancer, patients dying of HF were older (80 years versus 76 years), had poorer self-reported health, and had greater difficulty with all activities of daily living while receiving less informal help. Their death was far more likely to be considered unexpected (39% versus 70%) and they were much more likely to have died without warning or within 1 to 2 hours (20% versus 1%). They were more likely to die in a hospital or nursing home than at home or in hospice. Both groups faced similarly high total healthcare out-of-pockets costs ($9988 versus $9595,
P
=0.6) though patients dying of HF had less wealth ($29 895 versus $39 008), thereby experiencing greater financial burden.

Conclusions:
Compared with patients dying of cancer, those dying from HF are older, have greater difficulty with activities of daily living, are more likely to die suddenly, in a hospital or nursing home rather than home or hospice, and had worse financial burden.
Pathogenesis of Cardiomyopathy Caused by Variants in
ALPK3
, an Essential Pseudokinase in the Cardiomyocyte Nucleus and Sarcomere
Authors: Agarwal Radhika , Wakimoto Hiroko , Paulo Joao A. , Zhang Qi , Reichart Daniel , Toepfer Christopher , Sharma Arun , Tai Angela C. , Lun Mingyue , Gorham Joshua , DePalma Steven R. , Gygi Steven P. , Seidman J.G. , Seidman Christine E. 
Published: November 2022

Background:

ALPK3
encodes α-kinase 3, a muscle-specific protein of unknown function.
ALPK3
loss-of-function variants cause cardiomyopathy with distinctive clinical manifestations in both children and adults, but the molecular functions of ALPK3 remain poorly understood.

Methods:
We explored the putative kinase activity of ALPK3 and the consequences of damaging variants using isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes, mice, and human patient tissues.

Results:

Multiple sequence alignment of all human α-kinase domains and their orthologs revealed 4 conserved residues that were variant only in ALPK3, demonstrating evolutionary divergence of the ALPK3 α-kinase domain sequence. Phosphoproteomic evaluation of both ALPK3 kinase domain inhibition and overexpression failed to detect significant changes in catalytic activity, establishing ALPK3 as a pseudokinase. Investigations into alternative functions revealed that ALPK3 colocalized with myomesin proteins (MYOM1, MYOM2) at both the nuclear envelope and the sarcomere M-band.
ALPK3
loss-of-function variants caused myomesin proteins to mislocalize and also dysregulated several additional M-band proteins involved in sarcomere protein turnover, which ultimately impaired cardiomyocyte structure and function.

Conclusions:

ALPK3 is an essential cardiac pseudokinase that inserts in the nuclear envelope and the sarcomere M-band. Loss of ALPK3 causes mislocalization of myomesins, critical force-buffering proteins in cardiomyocytes, and also dysregulates M-band proteins necessary for sarcomere protein turnover. We conclude that
ALPK3
cardiomyopathy induces ventricular dilatation caused by insufficient myomesin-mediated force buffering and hypertrophy by impairment of sarcomere proteostasis.
Cerebroprotective Role of
N
6
-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein) After Experimental Stroke
Authors: Chokkalla Anil K. , Jeong Soomin , Mehta Suresh L. , Davis Charles K. , Morris-Blanco Kahlilia C. , Bathula Saivenkateshkomal , Qureshi Simran S. , Vemuganti Raghu 
Published: November 2022

Background:

FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) demethylates
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A), which is a critical epitranscriptomic regulator of neuronal function. We previously reported that ischemic stroke induces m
6
A hypermethylation with a simultaneous decrease in FTO expression in neurons. Currently, we evaluated the functional significance of restoring FTO with an adeno-associated virus 9, and thus reducing m
6
A methylation in poststroke brain damage.

Methods:
Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were injected with FTO adeno-associated virus 9 (intracerebral) at 21 days prior to inducing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Poststroke brain damage (infarction, atrophy, and white matter integrity) and neurobehavioral deficits (motor function, cognition, depression, and anxiety-like behaviors) were evaluated between days 1 and 28 of reperfusion.

Results:

FTO overexpression significantly decreased the poststroke m
6
A hypermethylation. More importantly, exogenous FTO substantially decreased poststroke gray and white matter damage and improved motor function recovery, cognition, and depression-like behavior in both sexes.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate that FTO-dependent m
6
A demethylation minimizes long-term sequelae of stroke independent of sex.
Working Memory Is Complex and Dynamic, Like Your Thoughts
Authors: Buschman Timothy J. , Miller Earl K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Working memory is where thoughts are held and manipulated. For many years, the dominant model was that working memory relied on steady-state neural dynamics. A neural representation was activated and then held in that state. However, as often happens, the more we examine working memory (especially with new technology), the more complex it looks. Recent discoveries show that working memory involves multiple mechanisms, including discontinuous bouts of spiking. Memories are also dynamic, evolving in a task-dependent manner. Cortical rhythms may control those dynamics, thereby endowing top–down “executive” control over our thoughts.
What is the Problem Represented to be in the Group of Four’s Policy on Reform of the United Nations Security Council? – An Argument for Clarity Towards the Global South
Authors: Winther Bjarke Zinck 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article applies a critical policy analysis to the United Nations Security Council (unsc) reform policy from the Group of Four (G4), to suggest ways for the G4 to clarify its policy’s impact and opportunities for Global South countries. The coalition comprises Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan. Based on an analysis of a dataset that includes official reform proposals, press statements, meetings statements, meetings notes, and interviews with key actors, the article concludes with five policy directions that can make the G4’s reform policy clear, transparent, and subsequently successful in terms of the necessary appeal and ensuing support from Global South countries. The article relies on a conceptual and methodological differentiation between how the absent unsc reform problem is presented and represented, respectively. A focus on the representation, which mainly refers to the policy’s subtle and implicit strategies and consequences, allows for the following overall contributions to unsc reform studies. First, I point out how the policy promotes and opposes democracy, equality, and increased Global South influence. Second, the analysis guides the G4 strategy and unsc reform strategies, at large, towards emphases on the African Union’s reform position.
All Are Not Equal: Taiwanese Public Opinion on Southeast Asian Immigration
Authors: Rich Timothy S. , Eliassen Isabel , Einhorn Madelynn , Dahmer Andi , Chien Yi-Chun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
What influences Taiwanese public opinion on immigration? Taiwan faces the same immigration challenges as many other developed nations, where the demand for immigrant workers produces a domestic backlash. Our study addresses to what extent public opinions on immigration are influenced by two factors: the skills of immigrants and their place of origin. Our results show, besides the preference for skilled labour, that public opinion on the three Southeast Asian immigrant groups varies considerably, with the strongest negative reaction to Indonesian migrants. As Taiwan prides its progress on human rights among East Asian democracies, the results suggest the need for targeted policy efforts to overcome public biases towards Southeast Asian immigrants.
Tropical Cyclone Potential Size
Authors: Wang Danyang , Lin Yanluan , Chavas Daniel R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A model for tropical cyclone (TC) potential size (PS), which is capable of predicting the equilibrium outer radius of a TC solely from environmental parameters, is proposed. The model combines an updated Carnot cycle model with a physical model for the wind profile, which serve as energetic and dynamic constraints, respectively, on the minimum pressure. Physically, the Carnot cycle model defines how much the surface pressure can be dropped energetically, and the wind profile model defines how large the steady-state storm needs to be to yield that pressure drop for a given maximum wind speed. The model yields an intrinsic length scale VCarnot/f, with f the Coriolis parameter, VCarnot similar to the potential intensity Vp, but without a dependence on the surface exchange coefficients of enthalpy Ck and momentum Cd. Analytic tests with the theory varying outflow temperature, sea surface temperature (SST), and f demonstrate that the model predictions are qualitatively consistent with the Vp/f scaling for outer size found in past work. The model also predicts a weak dependence of outer size on Cd, Ck, and horizontal mixing length lh of turbulence, consistent with numerical simulation results. Idealized numerical simulation experiments with varied tropopause temperature, SST, f, Cd, Ck, and lh show that the model performs well in predicting the simulated outer radius. The VCarnot/f scaling also better captures the dependence of simulated TC size on SST than Vp/f. Overall, the model appears to capture the essential physics that determine equilibrium TC size on the f plane.
A Bispectral Approach for Destriping and Denoising the Sea Surface Temperature from SGLI Thermal Infrared Data
Authors: Kurihara Yukio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stripe noise is a common issue in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) retrieved from thermal infrared data obtained by satellite-based multidetector radiometers. We developed a bispectral filter (BSF) to reduce the stripe noise. The BSF is a Gaussian filter and an optimal estimation method for the differences between the data obtained at the split window. A kernel function based on the physical processes of radiative transfer has made it possible to reduce stripe and random noise in retrieved SSTs without degrading the spatial resolution or generating bias. The Second-Generation Global Imager (SGLI) is an optical sensor on board the Global Change Observation Mission–Climate (GCOM-C) satellite. We applied the BSF to SGLI data and validated the retrieved SSTs. The validation results demonstrate the effectiveness of BSF, which reduced stripe noise in the retrieved SGLI SSTs without blurring SST fronts. It also improved the accuracy of the SSTs by about 0.04 K (about 13%) in the robust standard deviation.

Significance Statement
This method reduces stripe noise and improves the accuracy of SST data with minimal compromise of spatial resolution. The method assumes the relationship between the brightness temperature and the brightness temperature difference in the split window based on the physical background of atmospheric radiative transfer. The physical background of the data provides an easy solution to a complex problem. Although destriping generally requires a complex algorithm, our approach is based on a simple Gaussian filter and is easy to implement.
Estimation of Subjectively Reported Trust, Mental Workload, and Situation Awareness Using Unobtrusive Measures
Authors: Kintz Jacob R. , Banerjee Neil T. , Zhang Johnny Y. , Anderson Allison P. , Clark Torin K. 
Published: November 2022

Objective We use a set of unobtrusive measures to estimate subjectively reported trust, mental workload, and situation awareness (henceforth “TWSA”). Background Subjective questionnaires are commonly used to assess human cognitive states. However, they are obtrusive and usually impractical to administer during operations. Measures derived from actions operators take while working (which we call “embedded measures”) have been proposed as an unobtrusive way to obtain TWSA estimates. Embedded measures have not been systematically investigated for each of TWSA, which prevents their operational utility. Methods Fifteen participants completed twelve trials of spaceflight-relevant tasks while using a simulated autonomous system. Embedded measures of TWSA were obtained during each trial and participants completed TWSA questionnaires after each trial. Statistical models incorporating our embedded measures were fit with various formulations, interaction effects, and levels of personalization to understand their benefits and improve model accuracy. Results The stepwise algorithm for building statistical models usually included embedded measures, which frequently corresponded to an intuitive increase or decrease in reported TWSA. Embedded measures alone could not accurately capture an operator’s cognitive state, but combining the measures with readily observable task information or information about participants’ backgrounds enabled the models to achieve good descriptive fit and accurate prediction of TWSA. Conclusion Statistical models leveraging embedded measures of TWSA can be used to accurately estimate responses on subjective questionnaires that measure TWSA. Application Our systematic approach to investigating embedded measures and fitting models allows for cognitive state estimation without disrupting tasks when administering questionnaires would be impractical.
Posterior Horn Lateral Meniscal Oblique Radial Tear in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Incidence and Outcomes After All-Inside Repair: Clinical and Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation
Authors: Jeon Young-Sik , Alsomali Khalid , Yang Seong Wook , Lee Oei Jong , Kang Byoungyoul , Wang Joon Ho 
Published: November 2022

Background: The term posterior horn lateral meniscal oblique radial tear (LMORT) has emerged to characterize the tear patterns of the lateral meniscus in many patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. There is a lack of data regarding the exact incidence according to the types of LMORT and clinical outcomes. Purposes: (1) To investigate the incidence of LMORT according to type in patients with acute ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and (2) to identify healing status after repair of LMORT via second-look arthroscopy and clinical outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence: 4. Methods: Patients who underwent primary ACLR within 6 months of injury were retrospectively reviewed. The LMORT was classified into 4 types based on the severity and distance from the root: type 1 (partial tear <10 mm from the root), type 2 (complete tear <10 mm from the root), type 3 (partial tear >10 mm from the root), type 4a (complete tear >10 mm from the root), and type 4b (type 4a with longitudinal tear at the meniscocapsular junction). Only patients with LMORT were isolated, and the clinical outcomes were compared according to the healing status of LMORT in second-look arthroscopy. Results: Of 635 patients with ACLR, LMORT was identified in 97 patients (15.3%), and type 4 LMORT accounted for the largest proportion (n = 62; 32.6%) of 190 lateral meniscal tears. In 79 patients with LMORT who satisfied the 2-year follow-up period, all patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including the Lysholm (preoperative, 64.1; postoperative, 88.2) and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective (preoperative, 50.5; postoperative, 82.9) scores, were significantly improved ( P < .001) 31.8 months postoperatively. Of the 61 patients who underwent second-look arthroscopy, 49 (80.3%) were classified into the complete healing group. There was no significant difference in postoperative PROs between the complete and partial healing groups. Conclusion: The incidence of LMORT was 15.3% in patients with acute ACL injury, and type 4 LMORT was the most common type. Complete healing of LMORT was achieved in 80.3% of patients who underwent second-look arthroscopy, and the PROs were significantly improved postoperatively. Good clinical results can be achieved if the LMORT is repaired as much as possible during ACLR.
Mechanical properties of composites manufactured from low twist hybrid yarns made of discontinuous carbon and polyamide 6 fibres
Authors: Abdkader Anwar , Hasan Mir Mohammad Badrul , Bachor Samuel , Cherif Chokri 
Published: November 2022

Composites based on e.g. randomly oriented nonwovens and injection moulded structures from discontinuous carbon fibre (CF), which are processed industrially exhibit low tensile strengths of 200–300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively. In contrast, composites based on twisted hybrid yarns from discontinuous CF and thermoplastic fibre show higher tensile strengths such as 1150 MPa. Reasons are improved fibre orientation and higher fibre volume content. However, tensile strength is still lower than that of uni-directional carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRP) based on continuous filament yarn, which is around 1560 MPa. The reason is a low fibre orientation due to yarn twisting and high fibre shortening, which occurs throughout the yarn manufacturing process. As mechanical properties of composites largely depend on fibre orientation and length, there is a high potential to achieve higher mechanical properties in CFRP by ensuring gentle processing of CF and reducing yarn twist. However, due to brittleness and smooth surface of CF, spinning of yarns with low twist (<60 T/m (twist per meter)) is challenging. In order to exhaust the potential of hybrid yarns, a semi-industrial process chain to produce hybrid yarns while ensuring gentle processing of discontinuous CF (fibre length 100 mm) and polyamide 6 fibres (fibre length 80 mm) at significantly low level of twist 20 T/m is reported in this paper. Carbon fibre reinforced composite manufactured from these hybrid yarns show high tensile strength (1453 ± 27 MPa), Young’s modulus (94 ± 6 GPa), flexural strength (1090 ± 41 MPa) and flexural modulus (98 ± 5 GPa).
Factors Associated With PIM use in the Frail Elderly: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tranhago Camilla da P. , Colatto Luana L. , Fernandes Brígida D. , Teixeira Alexandra S. do C. , Baldoni André de O. , Ayres Lorena R. , Bem Daniela A. M. G. do 
Published: November 2022

Background: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) by the elderly is commonly studied, but studies evaluating the use of PIM by frail elderly covered by prepaid health plans are still lacking. Objective: To identify the prevalence of use and the factors associated with the use of PIM by the elderly patients with high and moderate risk of clinical-functional vulnerability, according to the Beers criteria 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed with elderly people from a private health plan in Vitória-ES, Brazil. Socioeconomic, demographic and clinical data were collected through a digital platform and a structured questionnaire through an interview, from October 2018 to June 2019. The association between the use of PIM and independent variables was verified by univariate logistic regression with their respective confidence intervals (CI) 95%. The Multiple Model included the variables with P ≤ .20. Results: 332 elderly patients were interviewed (mean age 81.5 years, gender 237 female, 95 male). A 65% prevalence of PIM use was identified. In the multiple logistic regression model, the variables associated with the use of PIM were self-medication ( P = .004), high risk of clinical-functional vulnerability ( P = .022), use of psychotropic medications ( P = .000001), musculoskeletal medications ( P = .04) and alimentary tract medications ( P = .03). Physical exercises were considered a protection factor ( P = .02). Conclusion: The high prevalence of PIM use indicates the need for improvement in elderly private health care, to increase pharmacotherapy safety for this population.
“We Experience What They Experience”: Black Nurses’ and Community Health Workers’ Reflections on Providing Culturally Specific Perinatal Health Care
Authors: Hunte Roberta , Mehrotra Gita R. , Klawetter Susanne 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Black perinatal health workers are part of a tradition of Black people fighting for the well-being of Black communities. The purpose of this article is to better understand the unique experiences of these professionals. Method: Descriptive qualitative research was used to understand Black providers’ experiences in a culturally specific perinatal public health program. A focus group was conducted with seven nurses and community health workers, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Three themes emerged: (a) shared lived experience and parallel process between staff and clients; (b) navigating multiple shifting gazes between clients, public health department, and medical systems; and (c) reproductive justice and community care characterize a culturally informed approach. Discussion: Findings revealed strengths and complexities facing Black nurses and community health workers in their roles. More work is needed in education, practice, and research to better prepare and support nurses and community health workers in culturally specific settings.