bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and the associated factors of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections among HIV-positive individuals in same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation program in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Thitipatarakorn Supanat , Chinbunchorn Tanat , Peelay Jitsupa , Seekaew Pich , Amatavete Sorawit , Sangsai Monsiri , Pankam Tippawan , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Avery Matthew , Phanuphak Praphan , Ramautarsing Reshmie , Phanuphak Nittaya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Viral hepatitis is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and can lead to chronic liver complications. Thailand started universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth in 1992 and achieved over 95% coverage in 1999. We explored the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections and the associated factors among PWH from same-day antiretroviral therapy (SDART) service at the Thai Red Cross Anonymous Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods
We collected baseline characteristics from PWH enrolled in the SDART service between July 2017 and November 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV).

Results
A total of 4011 newly diagnosed PWH who had HBsAg or anti-HCV results at baseline: 2941 men who have sex with men (MSM; 73.3%), 851 heterosexuals (21.2%), 215 transgender women (TGW; 5.4%), and 4 transgender men (0.1%). Median age was 27 years. Overall seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV were 6.0 and 4.1%, respectively. Subgroup prevalence were 6.2 and 4.7% among MSM, 4.6 and 2.4% among heterosexuals, and 9.3 and 3.7% among TGW, respectively. Factors associated with HBsAg positivity were being MSM, TGW, born before 1992, CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, and alanine aminotransferase ≥ 62.5 U/L. Factors associated with anti-HCV positivity were being MSM, age > 30 years, alanine aminotransferase ≥ 62.5 U/L, creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min, and syphilis infection.

Conclusions
Around 5–10% of newly diagnosed PWH in Bangkok had hepatitis B viral infection after 25 years of universal vaccination. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 4–5% of PWH who were MSM and TGW. As World Health Organization and Thailand national guidelines already support routine screening of hepatitis B and C viral infections in PWH and populations at increased risk of HIV including MSM and TGW, healthcare providers should reinforce this strategy and provide linkage to appropriate prevention and treatment interventions. Catch-up hepatitis B vaccination should be made available under national health coverage.
Factors associated with long intensive care unit (ICU) admission among inpatients with and without diabetes in South Western Sydney public hospitals using the New South Wales admission patient data collection (2014–2017)
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. , Xu Matthew , Piya Milan K. , Agho Kingsley E. , Simmons David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Long stay in intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with poor outcomes, particularly in people with diabetes. It increases the financial burden of care and this is a challenge to the South Western Sydney region, which is already a hotspot for diabetes in Australia. This study compared ICU admission characteristics of people with and without diabetes and the factors associated with long ICU stay among patients admitted to public hospitals in this metropolitan health district from 2014 to 2017.

Methods
Cross-sectional datasets on 187,660, including all ICU admissions in the New South Wales Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC) from June 2014 – July 2017 in public hospital were extracted. Data on demographic and health insurance status, primary admission diagnosis using ICD-10, comorbidities including death among hospital inpatients aged ≥18 years residing in SWS were analysed. The ICU length of stay was the outcome variable and were classified into short stay (≤48 h) and long stay (> 48 h), and were examined against potential confounding factors using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
Our results showed higher ICU admissions in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes (5% vs. 3.3%, P < 0.001) over three years. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of length of the ICU stay were similar in both groups [diabetes: 40 h, IQR = 16–88 h vs. non-diabetes: 43 h, IQR = 19–79 h]. The prevalence of long ICU stays among people with and without diabetes were 44.9% [95% CI 42.1, 47.7%] and 43.6% [95% CI 42.2, 44.9%], respectively. For both groups, increased odds of long ICU stay were associated with death and circulatory system disease admissions, while musculoskeletal disease admissions were associated with lower risk of long ICU stay. In the non-diabetes group, male sex, nervous system disease admissions and living in peri-urban areas were associated with higher odds of long ICU stay.

Conclusions
The rate of ICU admissions among inpatients remain higher in people with diabetes. One in every two admissions to ICU had a long stay. Additional care for those admitted with circulatory system diseases are needed to reduce long ICU stay related deaths in SWS.
State-of-the-art Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage in Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Jeong Hwiram , Baik Joon Hyun , Suh Young-Woong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems have recently gained great importance as a means for hydrogen storage and transportation. Since fast hydrogen storage into H2-lean organic molecules under mild conditions is an urgent issue in LOHC systems, the present review highlights recent advances in hydrogenation catalysts for aromatic and heteroaromatic LOHC compounds. The activity results of supported noble metal (mainly, Ru and Pt) and transition metal (typically, Ni) catalysts are discussed along with key catalyst properties including metal dispersion, H2 and substrate adsorption capacities, and hydrogen spillover by strong metal-support interaction. This contribution will serve as a guide to design and synthesize an efficient and durable hydrogenation catalyst towards practical LOHC systems in the near future.
He’s Overqualified, She’s Highly Committed: Qualification Signals and Gendered Assumptions About Job Candidate Commitment
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth Lauren , Hahl Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Evidence suggests that possessing more qualifications than is necessary for a job (i.e., overqualification) negatively impacts job candidates’ outcomes. However, unfair discounting of women’s qualifications and negative assumptions about women’s career commitment imply that female candidates must be overqualified to achieve the same outcomes as male candidates. Across two studies, experimental and qualitative data provide converging evidence in support of this assertion, showing that gender differences in how overqualification impacts hiring outcomes are due to the type of commitment—firm or career—that is most salient during evaluations. Overqualified men are perceived to be less committed to the prospective firm, and less likely to be hired as a result, than sufficiently qualified men. But overqualified women are perceived to be more committed to their careers than qualified women because overqualification helps overcome negative assumptions that are made about women’s career commitment. Overqualification also does not decrease perceptions of women’s firm commitment like it does for men: supplemental qualitative and experimental evidence reveals that hiring managers rationalize women’s overqualification in a way they cannot for men by relying on gender stereotypes about communality and assumptions about candidates’ experiences with gender discrimination at prior firms. These findings suggest that female candidates must demonstrate their commitment along two dimensions (firm and career), but male candidates need only demonstrate their commitment along one dimension (firm). Taken together, differences in how overqualification impacts male versus female candidates’ outcomes are evidence of gender inequality in hiring processes, operating through gendered assumptions about commitment. Funding: This research was funded by internal faculty research funds provided by Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1550 .
Roles of traditional medicine and traditional healers for rabies prevention and potential impacts on post-exposure prophylaxis: A literature review
Authors: Beasley Erin A. , Wallace Ryan M. , Coetzer Andre , Nel Louis H. , Pieracci Emily G. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionGlobally, traditional medicine is widely used to treat a variety of injuries and illnesses, including dog bites, and exposures that are risky for rabies. However, efficacy of most traditional remedies used for rabies prevention or treatment has not been demonstrated in controlled trials or proven in community-based surveys.MethodsSix databases were searched including the terms rabies, traditional treatment, traditional remedy, traditional therapy, traditional medicine, and medicinal treatment to review traditional remedies used in the prevention and treatment of rabies. In addition, published literature of rabies transmission dynamics was used to estimate statistical likelihood of dog bite victims developing rabies to provide clarity as to why traditional healers have a high apparent success rate when preventing death from rabies in victims bitten by suspected rabid dogs.ResultsLiterature review yielded 50 articles, including three controlled experiments, that described use of traditional remedies for rabies prevention and treatment. Traditional remedies for rabies ranged from plant- or animal-based products to spiritual rituals; however, only a few controlled mice trials were conducted, and none of these trials demonstrated efficacy in preventing or treating rabies. Risk of dying from rabies after a bite from a dog with unknown rabies status is low, 1.90% (0.05%-29.60%). Therefore, traditional healers had a 98.10% (70.40%-99.95%) apparent success rate in preventing death from suspected rabid dog bites despite inefficaciousness of herbal remedies.ConclusionThere was no universal plant species or route of administration that was consistently used for rabies prevention or treatment across countries. No traditional remedy was efficacious in the prevention or treatment of rabies in randomized controlled experiments. Understanding the cultural context under which traditional remedies are used may facilitate collaboration of traditional healers with the modern medical system to ensure timely and appropriate use of proven therapies for prevention and clinical management of rabies.
The socio-legal nature of compulsory medical measures in accordance with the criminal legislation of Russia and Mongolia
Authors: Korneev Sergey A. 
Published: January 2022

The subject of this study is the institute of compulsory medical measures.
Goal. This study involves determining the essence of compulsory medical measures in accordance with the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and Mongolia, as well as scientific justification of the need to distinguish between criminal liability and other measures of criminal legal influence applied to persons who have committed an act prohibited by criminal law.
Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is presented by the dialectical method of scientific cognition. In the course of the research, private scientific methods of cognition used in the humanities were also used, namely: in determining the essence of compulsory medical measures inductive, deductive, system-structural and content analysis; in the process of studying the provisions of the criminal legislation of Mongolia on the regulation of compulsory medical measures-a comparative legal method.
Results. The criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and Mongolia is analyzed, doctrinal studies on the declared topic are studied, the socio-legal essence of compulsory medical measures is formulated and scientifically substantiated.
Relationship of Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge With Self Adjustments In Puberty Among Boys
Authors: KESWARA NILA WIDYA , Sulistyah Sulistyah 
Published: January 2022

<p>Puberty is a process of biological changes that include morphology and physiology that occur very rapidly from childhood to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescent reproductive health knowledge and self-adjustment in puberty among boys at the Marsudisiwi SDK, Malang. An analytical research method was conduct in this research, with a cross sectional approach. Total Sampling technique was use to get 70 samples. Questionnaire instrument with an ordinal scale was used as instrument to drawn data from respondent. Spearman Rank correlation test show p-value value is 0.236. Because the value is 0.236 &gt; 0.05, it can be concluded that H1 is rejected. There is no relationship between knowledge about adolescent reproductive health and adjustment to puberty. The results of this study can be used as a reference for researching with the same variable targeting respondents at a more mature age level (adolescents) related to reproductive health and puberty in boys.</p>
Manifestations of Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk in the Blood: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Omic Analysis in Healthy Adults Aged 18-90+
Authors: Heath Laura , Earls John , Magis Andrew , Kornilov Sergey , Lovejoy Jennifer , Funk Cory , Rappaport Noa , Logsdon Benjamin , Mangravite Lara , Kunkle Brian , Martin Eden , Naj Adam , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Golde Todd , Hood Leroy , Price Nathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Genetics play an important role in late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) etiology and dozens of genetic variants have been implicated in AD risk through large-scale GWAS meta-analyses. However, the precise mechanistic effects of most of these variants have yet to be determined. Deeply phenotyped cohort data can reveal physiological changes associated with genetic risk for AD across an age spectrum that may provide clues to the biology of the disease.
Methods

We utilized over 2000 high-quality quantitative measurements obtained from blood of 2831 cognitively normal adult clients of a consumer-based scientific wellness company, each with CLIA-certified whole-genome sequencing data. Measurements included: clinical laboratory blood tests, targeted chip-based proteomics, and metabolomics. We performed a phenome-wide association study utilizing this diverse blood marker data and 25 known AD genetic variants, adjusting for sex, age, vendor (for clinical labs), and the first four genetic principal components; sex-SNP interactions were also assessed.
Results

We observed statistically significant SNP-analyte associations for five genetic variants after correction for multiple testing (for SNPs in or near NYAP1, ABCA7, INPP5D, and APOE), with effects detectable from early adulthood. The ABCA7 SNP and the APOE2 and APOE4 encoding alleles were associated with lipid variability, as seen in previous studies; in addition, six novel proteins were associated with the e2 allele. The most statistically significant finding was between the NYAP1 variant and PILRA and PILRB protein levels, supporting previous functional genomic studies in the identification of a putative causal variant within the PILRA gene. Sex modified the effects of four genetic variants, with multiple interrelated immune-modulating effects associated with the PICALM variant. In post-hoc analysis, sex-stratified GWAS results from an independent AD case-control meta-analysis supported sex-specific disease effects of the PICALM variant, highlighting the importance of sex as a biological variable.
Conclusions

Known AD genetic variation influenced lipid metabolism and immune response systems in a population of non-AD individuals, with associations observed from early adulthood onward. Further research is needed to determine whether and how these effects are implicated in early-stage biological pathways to AD. These analyses aim to complement ongoing work on the functional interpretation of AD-associated genetic variants.
The chronic effects of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and PM1) on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Guorong , Guo Juanmei , Song Xuping , Li Zhihong , Hui Xu , Feng Xiaowen , Yang Kehu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Particulate matter (PM) pollution and various air pollutants have been most strongly linked to adverse health effects. Combined estimates of the health effects of particulate matter exposure from quantitative assessments is important, but the evidence of the association in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unclear. This study is the first to focus on the particulate matter pollution in LMICs and include the effects of low-particle size matter such as PM1.
Methods

We systematically searched Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase from database inception to 11 Apirl 2021. Two investigators independently sifted through the literature and extracted data to identify eligible studies. We included cohort studies and case-control studies studied health effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 on cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. Random effects meta-analysis were conducted.
Results

We included 38 publications on long-term PM exposure in our systematic review after screening 1977 articles.The most majority uses the cohort study design (n=35), with 3 articles use a case-control study design. The results shows that PM2.5 and PM10 was positively associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases at increased levels. (1) Increased PM1 concentrations were associated with cardiovascular diseases for male. (2) With per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations, cardiovascular mortality was increased by 13% (95% CI: 1.08, 1.19), respiratory mortality was increased by 10% (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18). (3) The cardiovascular mortality was increased by 17% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.37) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10, respiratory mortality was increased by 28% (95% CI: 1.10, 1.49).
Conclusion

PM exposure have adverse effects on both the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs.. On the basis of previous studies, this study added the impact of PM1 on health, which is innovative. The development of new Air Quality Guilelines may have a positive impact on health of population in LMICs.
Unravelling Competing Oxidation Mechanisms in Single Cu Nanoparticles
Authors: Nilsson Sara , Nielsen Monia , Fritzsche Joachim , Langhammer Christoph , Kadkhodazadeh Shima 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metals are prone to oxidation, which often results in significant changes to optical, electronic, chemical and mechanical properties in bulk systems. Nanoparticles are no exception in this respect but a holistic understanding of the mechanisms governing their oxidation is lacking. Here, we capture in situ the oxidation of single Cu nanoparticles to unravel a sequential competitive activation of different oxidation mechanisms at temperatures between 50 and 200°C. Using environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy, we reveal the morphological evolution of oxide formation in detail and identify the formation of multiple oxide layers separated by a vacancy gap. Moreover, using in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we map the plasmonic response of individual particles induced by oxidation, and reveal generic geometrical pathways for nanoscale Kirkendall void nucleation and growth that are driven by surface energy minimization. Based on these insights, we uncover the mechanistic pathway of Cu nanoparticle oxidation.
Study on the effect of intestinal immunity that the neonatal piglet co-infection with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus
Authors: Liang Jixiang , Li Yang , Yan Zhishan , Jiao Zhe , Peng Dapeng , Zhang Wanpo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have been often simultaneously detected in coronavirus diarrhea piglets. But the intestinal immune of the interaction between the co-circulating PDCoV and PEDV are unknown. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate intestinal immunity of neonatal piglets that were exposed with PDCoV first and then PEDV subsequently. The amount and distribution of CD3+T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and goblet cells (GCs) in small intestine were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and periodic acid-schiff respectively. The expression of pattern recognition receptors and downstream mediator genes were analyzed by qPCR. The results showed that the number of GCs, CD3+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the small intestine of the PDCoV + PEDV co-inoculated piglets were increased compared with PEDV single-inoculated piglets. The piglets in the group of PDCoV + PEDV were significantly up-regulated IFN-α and IFN-λ1 when compared with the PEDV single-inoculated piglets. These results suggest that the PDCoV + PEDV co-infected piglets can superiorly activate intestinal antiviral immunity compared to PEDV single-infected piglets, which provide a new insight into the pathogenesis mechanism of swine enteric coronavirus coinfection that may be used for vaccination in the future.
Is Good More Alike as Bad? Positive-Negative Asymmetry in the Differentiation Between Options. Study on the Perception of Political Candidates
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Falkowski Andrzej , Mackiewicz Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In our research, we investigate how well people differentiate between a few positive and negative options. Typically, negative entities are said to be more differentiated than their positive counterparts due to higher sensitivity potentially threatening stimuli. Contrary to that, we predict the opposite effect – a better differentiation of positive and not negative options – assuming that apart from being loss-avoidant people are also motivated to choose the best possible alternatives. Additionally, we investigate how positive and negative information affect object evaluation, predicting further asymmetries in object evaluations. In a series three experimental studies set in a political context, participants evaluated candidate profiles that differed in their overall valence. We used a numeric and narrative presentation of candidates as well designed evaluation tasks as either individual or joint assessments. Our findings provided strong evidence for a better differentiation between positive than negative options which was found in all three studies. It turns out that after exceeding a certain, relatively small level of negativity, people do not see any further increase in negativity. The increase in positivity, on the other hand, is more gradual, with greater differentiation among positive options. Our findings are discussed in light of such concepts as cognitive-experiential self-theory and density hypothesis.