bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Incidence Rates of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chinese Patients With Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Association of Surveillance Endoscopy With Incidence
Authors: Li He , Wu Hongliang , Cao Maomao , Yu Yiwen , Zhou Jinyi , Zhang Shaokai , Tong Feng , Gong Jiyong , Wang Huadong , Yang Fan , He Siyi , Yan Xinxin , Zhang Shaoli , Luo Pengfei , Ma Hengmin , Liang Ling , Xia Changfa , Chen Wanqing 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSurveillance endoscopy is recommended for patients with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN); high-quality evidence about the use of surveillance endoscopy and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) incidence in patients with LGIN is important but limited.ObjectiveTo estimate long-term ESCC incidence rates in patients with LGIN and the association between surveillance endoscopy and ESCC incidence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis community-based, multicenter, prospective cohort study in 9 regions in rural China included patients with LGIN diagnosed by endoscopic screening between July 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016; all participants were followed up until December 31, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was ESCC incidence. The ESCC standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was estimated using sex- and age-specific incidence in the general population of rural China in 2010 and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 3258 patients with LGIN were included; 1772 (54.39%) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 58.21 (6.97) years. Among them, 1378 patients (42.30%) underwent at least 1 surveillance endoscopy (surveillance group) and 1880 (57.70%) did not undergo any surveillance endoscopy (nonsurveillance group). During the follow-up period (median, 7.96 years; IQR, 6.08-10.54 years), 170 ESCC cases were diagnosed, with a cumulative incidence of 6.28 per 1000 person-years. A higher incidence of ESCC (incidence rate, 7.07 per 1000 person-years) was observed in the nonsurveillance group than in the surveillance group (incidence rate, 5.14 per 1000 person-years). Patients with LGIN in the surveillance group had a lower SIR (SIR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.13-10.34) than those in the nonsurveillance group (SIR, 5.65; 95% CI, 2.00-12.58); however, patients with LGIN in both groups had a higher risk of ESCC than the general population. Patients in the surveillance group had a 31% decreased risk of ESCC incidence (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95) compared with those in the nonsurveillance group, after adjusting for baseline risk factors.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective cohort study, patients with LGIN had a higher risk of developing ESCC than the general population, and endoscopic surveillance was associated with a decrease in ESCC incidence in these patients.
Association of Chlorhexidine Use and Scaling and Root Planing With Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Gupta Rajat Das , Akonde Maxwell , Reynolds Mark , Smith-Warner Stephanie , Liu Jihong , Tarannum Fouzia , Beck James , Mattison Donald 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceChlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.Data SourcesCochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database), US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched through March 2022.Study SelectionRCTs were included if they were conducted among pregnant individuals with periodontitis, used interventions consisting of SRP vs no periodontal treatment, and assessed birth outcomes.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were abstracted with consensus of 2 reviewers using Rayyan and assessed for bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool before random effects subgroup meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were preterm birth (ie, &amp;lt;37 weeks’ gestation) and low birth weight (ie, &amp;lt;2500 g).ResultsThere were 12 studies with a total of 5735 participants evaluating preterm birth. Control group participants did not receive any treatment or use chlorhexidine during pregnancy. All intervention group participants received SRP; in 5 of these studies (with 2570 participants), pregnant participants in the treatment group either received chlorhexidine mouthwash or advice to use it, but participants in the remaining 7 studies (with 3183 participants) did not. There were 8 studies with a total of 3510 participants evaluating low birth weight, including 3 studies with SRP plus chlorhexidine (with 594 participants) and 6 studies with SRP only (with 2916 participants). The SRP plus chlorhexidine groups had lower risk of preterm birth (relative risk [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.93) and low birth weight (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.68) but not the SRP-only groups (preterm birth: RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.82-1.29; low birth weight: RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62-1.08).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that treating maternal periodontitis with chlorhexidine mouthwash plus SRP was associated with reduced risk of preterm and low birth weight. Well-conducted RCTs are needed to test this hypothesis.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and the Assessment of Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Oberle Edward J. , Henrickson Michael , Huggins Jennifer , Prahalad Sampath , Cassedy Amy , Roth Johannes , Ting Tracy V. ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Investigators
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of subclinical synovitis on musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and correlate patient‐ and provider‐reported outcome measures with MSUS synovitis.MethodJIA patients with an active joint count (AJC) of >4 underwent a 42‐joint MSUS performed at baseline and 3 months. B‐mode and power Doppler images were obtained and scored (range 0–3) for each of the 42 joints. Outcomes evaluated included physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA), patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA), patient pain, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), and AJC. Subclinical synovitis was defined as synovitis detected by MSUS only. Generalized estimation equations were used to test the relationship between clinical arthritis (positive/negative) and subclinical synovitis (positive/negative). Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated to determine the association between MSUS synovitis and patient‐ and physician‐reported outcomes.ResultsIn 30 patients, subclinical synovitis was detected in 30% of joints. Clinical arthritis of the fingers, wrists, and knee joints was significantly associated with MSUS synovitis in these joints. PtGA and the C‐HAQ had a moderate (rs = 0.44, P = 0.014) to weak (rs = 0.37, P = 0.045) correlation with MSUS synovitis. There was a statistically significant strong correlation between MSUS synovitis and PhGA (rs = 0.61, P = 0.001), but a weak correlation with AJC (rs = 0.37, P = 0.048) at the follow‐up visit.ConclusionSubclinical synovitis was commonly observed in this cohort of JIA patients. The fair‐to‐moderate correlation of MSUS synovitis with patient‐ and provider‐reported outcomes suggests that MSUS assesses a different, possibly more objective, domain not determined by traditional JIA outcome measurements.
Simultaneous Absorption and Near‐Infrared Emission Enhancement of Cr3+ Ions in MgGa2O4 Spinel Oxide via Anionic F‐Substitution
Authors: Yao Leqi , Jia Qianyi , Yu Shijie , Liang Chao , Jiang Jianqing , Shao Qiyue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are newly emerging broadband NIR light sources. However, the lack of high‐performance NIR‐emitting materials limits their popularization. Herein, an anionic F‐substitution strategy is presented to regulate the light absorption and emission of MgGa2O4:Cr3+ phosphors. Accordingly, absorption enhancement as well as emission redshift and broadening are achieved for F‐substituted MgGa2O4:Cr3+ (MGOF:Cr3+) phosphors, simultaneously with high efficiency and excellent thermal stability. Upon blue light excitation, the MGOF:0.02Cr3+ phosphor exhibits a broadband NIR emission (650–1200 nm) with a peak wavelength (λmax) of 835 nm and a full width at half maximum of ≈250 nm. Furthermore, MGOF:0.02Cr3+ has a near‐unity internal quantum efficiency and its emission intensity at 150 °C maintains 94% of the initial value. A record external quantum efficiency of 60.6% is further achieved for MGOF:0.08Cr3+ with a redshifted λmax of 870 nm. The Cr3+ local structural alteration with F‐substitution is revealed to account for the outstanding NIR luminescence characteristics of MGOF:Cr3+ in view of systematic structural characterization and spectroscopic analysis. A broadband NIR pc‐LED device with good optical performance is fabricated and its application in semiconductor wafer inspection is demonstrated. This study initiates a new way to design high‐performance NIR phosphors.
RIIβ‐PKA in GABAergic Neurons of Dorsal Median Hypothalamus Governs White Adipose Browning
Authors: Wang Bingwei , Zhao Miao , Su Zhijie , Jin Baohua , Yang Xiaoning , Zhang Chenyu , Guo Bingbing , Li Jiebo , Hong Weili , Liu Jiarui , Zhao Yun , Hou Yujia , Lai Futing , Zhang Wei , Qin Lihua , Zhang Weiguang , Luo Jianyuan , Zheng Ruimao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe RIIβ subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is expressed in the brain and adipose tissue. RIIβ‐knockout mice show leanness and increased UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. The authors have previously reported that RIIβ reexpression in hypothalamic GABAergic neurons rescues the leanness. However, whether white adipose tissue (WAT) browning contributes to the leanness and whether RIIβ‐PKA in these neurons governs WAT browning are unknown. Here, this work reports that RIIβ‐KO mice exhibit a robust WAT browning. RIIβ reexpression in dorsal median hypothalamic GABAergic neurons (DMH GABAergic neurons) abrogates WAT browning. Single‐cell sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and electrophysiological studies show increased GABAergic activity in DMH GABAergic neurons of RIIβ‐KO mice. Activation of DMH GABAergic neurons or inhibition of PKA in these neurons elicits WAT browning and thus lowers body weight. These findings reveal that RIIβ‐PKA in DMH GABAergic neurons regulates WAT browning. Targeting RIIβ‐PKA in DMH GABAergic neurons may offer a clinically useful way to promote WAT browning for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
A Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation for Targeted mRNA Delivery to Fibroblasts
Authors: Rodrigues Artur Filipe , Rebelo Catarina , Simões Susana , Paulo Cristiana , Pinho Sónia , Francisco Vítor , Ferreira Lino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies offer enhanced control over the production of therapeutic proteins for many diseases. Their clinical implementation warrants formulations capable of delivering them safely and effectively to target sites. Owing to their chemical versatility, polymeric nanoparticles can be designed by combinatorial synthesis of different ionizable, cationic, and aromatic moieties to modulate cell targeting, using inexpensive formulation steps. Herein, 152 formulations are evaluated by high‐throughput screening using a reporter fibroblast model sensitive to functional delivery of mRNA encoding Cre recombinase. Using in vitro and in vivo models, a polymeric nanoformulation based on the combination of 3 specific monomers is identified to transfect fibroblasts much more effectively than other cell types populating the skin, with superior performance than lipid‐based transfection agents in the delivery of Cas9 mRNA and guide RNA. This tropism can be explained by receptor‐mediated endocytosis, involving CD26 and FAP, which are overexpressed in profibrotic fibroblasts. Structure‐activity analysis reveals that efficient mRNA delivery required the combination of high buffering capacity and low mRNA binding affinity for rapid release upon endosomal escape. These results highlight the use of high‐throughput screening to rapidly identify chemical features towards the design of highly efficient mRNA delivery systems targeting fibrotic diseases.
Nanostructured Gallium Nitride Membrane at Wafer Scale for Photo(Electro)catalytic Polluted Water Remediation
Authors: Zhang Huafan , Min Jung‐Hong , Chung Tae‐Hoon , Lee Kwangjae , Gnanasekar Paulraj , Min Jung‐Wook , Park Tae‐Yong , Wang Yue , Ng Tien Khee , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Gan Qiaoqiang , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhoto(electro)catalysis methods have drawn significant attention for efficient, energy‐saving, and environmental‐friendly organic contaminant degradation in wastewater. However, conventional oxide‐based powder photocatalysts are limited to UV‐light absorption and are unfavorable in the subsequent postseparation process. In this paper, a large‐area crystalline‐semiconductor nitride membrane with a distinct nanoporous surface is fabricated, which can be scaled up to a full wafer and easily retrieved after photodegradation. The unique nanoporous surface enhances broadband light absorption, provides abundant reactive sites, and promotes the dye‐molecule reaction with adsorbed hydroxyl radicals on the surface. The superior electric contact between the nickel bottom layer and nitride membrane facilitates swift charge carrier transportation. In laboratory tests, the nanostructure membrane can degrade 93% of the dye in 6 h under illumination with a small applied bias (0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). Furthermore, a 2 inch diameter wafer‐scale membrane is deployed in a rooftop test under natural sunlight. The membrane operates stably for seven cycles (over 50 h) with an outstanding dye degradation efficiency (>92%) and satisfied average total organic carbon removal rate (≈50%) in each cycle. This demonstration thus opens the pathway toward the production of nanostructured semiconductor layers for large‐scale and practical wastewater treatment using natural sunlight.
Inhibition of Si Fracture Via Rigid Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Hajin , Kim Ahyun , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Jeon Chan‐Wook , Yoon Taeho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the importance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for Si‐adapted batteries. However, the development of a stable SEI that can withstand the volume change upon lithiation and delithiation of Si is challenging. Herein, the stability of an SEI on Si and its additional role in fracture inhibition are verified using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and scanning electron microscopy. A comparative study of various electrolytes confirms that the fluoroethylene carbonate‐derived SEI is not only stable, but also suppresses cracking in a thin‐film electrode. An underlying mechanism and the requirements for a fracture‐inhibiting SEI are proposed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that it has been shown that an SEI can inhibit cracking in an active material, as well as suppress electrolyte decomposition. These results provide important insights into the insufficiently explored role of the SEI, which will guide the design of advanced battery systems using novel additives and coating materials.
Forage and cattle production during organic transition in dual‐purpose wheat systems
Authors: Hinson Philip O. , Pinchak Bill , Adams Curtis B. , Jones David , Rajan Nithya , Kimura Emi , Somenahally Anil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDual‐purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production systems (i.e., graze and grain) are prevalent in the U.S. Southern Great Plains region, though few of them are managed organically and organic research is very limited, particularly on forage and grazing aspects of the system. Therefore, the objective of this 3‐year systems study (2018–2021) conducted near Vernon, TX, was to compare forage production, forage nutritive value, and cattle gains in transitional organic and conventional dual‐purpose wheat systems. Forage data were collected each year during the early‐season dual‐purpose grazing period until maturity. Monthly standing crop biomass, rate of forage production, and forage nutritive value did not differ during the grazing period between systems in any year. Limited early‐season precipitation resulted in slow forage growth in all years and inadequate forage production to support grazing in 2 of 3 years. In the year when grazing occurred (2018–2019), cattle performance did not differ between systems. Following the dual‐purpose grazing period, the organic system trended toward lower forage production and crude protein concentration than the conventional system, suggesting that in a “graze‐out” scenario (i.e., season‐long grazing and no grain production), the organic system might not support as much cattle production. The late‐season divergence between systems could likely be minimized or eliminated by improving N availability in the organic system. Agronomic viability of the organic system, in terms of forage production, nutritive values, and cattle gains, was supported by its overall similarity to the conventional system.
Retinal detachment in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Maghsoudi Daniel , Nixon Thomas R. W. , Snead Martin P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLoeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal‐dominant connective‐tissue disorder with vascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities similar to Marfan syndrome. However, unlike Marfan, retinal detachment (RD) is rarely reported, and screening protocols do not currently feature ophthalmic assessment or RD counseling. We report a 5‐generation family affected by LDS, where RD occurred in six eyes of four individuals. The proband was an 84‐year‐old male recently diagnosed with type‐V LDS (TGFβ3 pathogenic variant c.899G>A, p.(Arg300Gln)). Further investigation was undertaken into the family's medical history. The proband experienced bilateral rhegmatogenous RD at age 60, requiring emergency surgical repair. Other notable ophthalmic features include unusual keratometry, abnormal biometry, and severe hayfever requiring long‐term sodium cromoglycate treatment. The proband's sister, father, and uncle had also experienced RDs, all prior to LDS diagnosis. This series demonstrates that RD risk may be significant in LDS, and on occasion the presenting clinical feature. We suggest ophthalmic examination should be added to the initial assessment LDS patients, and patients informed of the early warning symptoms of retinal detachment. As in Marfan syndrome, LDS patients may exhibit cornea plana and abnormal corneal topography, producing atypical biometry. They may also present with allergic conjunctivitis, and awareness of these signs might facilitate earlier diagnosis.
T2 olivary nuclei hyperintensities: A characteristic neuroimaging finding in FIG4‐related leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Sait Haseena , Shambhavi Arya , Pandey Manmohan , Ravichandran Deepak , Phadke Shubha R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFIG4 related leukoencephalopathy has recently been considered as an expanded spectrum of FIG4 related disorders characterized by upper and lower motor neuron involvement, dystonia, intellectual disability, bulbar symptoms with cerebellar atrophy. We report a 7‐year‐old girl who presented with classic clinical features of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy and neuroimaging showed characteristic T2 olivary nuclei hyperintensities in addition to bilateral parietal lobe and thalamic hyperintensities and mild cerebellar atrophy. Trio exome sequencing with Sanger confirmation revealed a novel variant c.504C>G in the FIG4 gene. Phase contrast microscopy of skin fibroblast cultures detect enlarged vacuoles in 50% of patient's fibroblasts as opposed to 18.6% vacuolation in cultured control fibroblasts (p < 0.00001), a feature characteristic of fibroblasts with deleterious variants of FIG4. In addition, we have reviewed and compared the phenotypic features of published cases of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy from literature. This case adds to the delineation of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy phenotype. The radiological finding of T2 inferior olivary nuclei hyperintensities appear to be characteristic for the phenotype or at least for the cases due to variants in and around the 168th codon and active effort should be made to detect the same as it can add to the genotype phenotype spectrum.
Integrating genealogy and dental variation: contributions to biological anthropology
Authors: Paul Kathleen S. , Feezell Randall , Hughes Toby , Brook Alan H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenealogical samples that couple dental data and documented relatedness information provide unique opportunities to examine the biological foundations of tooth variation. Over the past century, these resources have been critical for examining the various factors that influence dental phenotypes—the same traits that anthropologists regularly apply to reconstructions of past phenomena. Genealogical samples are uniquely suited to test long‐standing assumptions underlying bioanthropological practice, for example, biodistance and phylogenetic analysis, which commonly reference aspects of tooth size and form as proxies for latent genetic information. This article provides an overview of published genealogical research, with a focus on the practical implications of quantitative genetic and environmental studies of (non)human primate dentitions. To highlight the utility of genealogical samples for understanding the influence of specific non‐genetic factors on dental characters, we also present novel data on gestational hormone effects in opposite‐sex dizygotic twin pairs as a test of the twin testosterone transfer (TTT) hypothesis. This article discusses fruitful next steps in genealogical dental research, as well as important ethical considerations surrounding the use of associated datasets, which are sensitive in nature. As we forge ahead in an age of phenomics, genealogical samples are likely to play a key role in generating comprehensive genotype–phenotype maps of the dentition and in refining bioanthropological methods.