bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world outcomes in elderly ALL patients with and without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center evaluation over 10 years
Authors: Hofer Kevin D. , Schanz Urs , Schwotzer Rahel , Nair Gayathri , Manz Markus G. , Widmer Corinne C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElderly patients (EP) of 60 years and above with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis, but pediatric-inspired chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT) are used reluctantly due to limited data and historical reports of high treatment-related mortality in EP. We analyzed 130 adult ALL patients treated at our center between 2009 and 2019, of which 26 were EP (range 60–76 years). Induction with pediatric-inspired protocols was feasible in 65.2% of EP and resulted in complete remission in 86.7% compared to 88.0% in younger patients (YP) of less than 60 years. Early death occurred in 6.7% of EP. Three-year overall survival (OS) for Ph − B-ALL was significantly worse for EP (n = 16) than YP (n = 64) with 30.0% vs 78.1% (p ≤ 0.001). Forty-nine patients received allo HCT including 8 EP, for which improved 3-year OS of 87.5% was observed, whereas EP without allo HCT died after a median of 9.5 months. In Ph + B-ALL, 3-year OS did not differ between EP (60.0%, n = 7) and YP (70.8%, n = 19). Non-relapse mortality and infection rate were low in EP (14.3% and 12.5%, respectively). Our data indicate that selected EP can be treated effectively and safely with pediatric regimens and might benefit from intensified therapy including allo HCT.
The spectrum of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clinical presentation in a Brazilian single referral center
Authors: Pires da Silva Bruno G. P. , Fonseca Natasha P. , Catto Luis Fernando B. , Pereira Gabriel C. , Calado Rodrigo T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder caused by the expansion of a hematopoietic clone harboring a somatic genetic variant in the PIG-A gene translating into a wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory changes, from intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis, and bone marrow failure to subclinical presentation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 87 consecutive cases (39 women; median follow-up, 18 months; range, 0–151 months) in whom a PNH clone was detected by flow cytometry between 2006 and 2019 seen at a single Brazilian referral center. The median age at diagnosis was 29 years (range, 8 to 83 years); 29 patients (33%) were initially classified as PNH/bone marrow failure, 13 (15%) as classic PNH, and 45 (52%) as subclinical PNH. The median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was not reached during follow-up, without significant differences between groups. At diagnosis, the median PNH clone size was 2.8% (range, 0 to 65%) in erythrocytes and 5.4% (range, 0 to 80%) in neutrophils. Fourteen patients experienced clone expansion during follow-up; in other 14 patients the clone disappeared, and in 18 patients it remained stable throughout the follow-up. A subclinical PNH clone was detected in three telomeropathy patients at diagnosis, but it was persistent and confirmed by DNA sequencing in only one case. In conclusion, PNH presentation was variable, and most patients had subclinical disease or associated with marrow failure and did not require specific anticomplement therapy. Clone size was stable or even disappeared in most cases.
Inclusion of quantitative high-density plaque in coronary computed tomographic score system to predict the time of guidewire crossing chronic total occlusion
Authors: Wang Rui , He Yi , Xing Haoran , Zhang Dongfeng , Tian Jinfan , Le Yinghui , Zhang Lijun , Chen Hui , Song Xiantao , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to establish a new scoring system that includes histological quantitative features derived from coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) to predict the efficiency of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO-PCI).

Methods
This study analyzed clinical, morphological, and histological characteristics of 207 CTO lesions in 201 patients (mean age 60.0 [52.0–65.0] years, 85% male), which were recruited from two centers. The primary endpoint was a guidewire successfully crossing the lesions within 30 m. The new predictive model was generated by factors that were determined by multivariate analysis. The CCTA plaque (CTAP) score that included a quantitative plaque characteristic was developed by assigning an appropriate integer score to each independent predictor, then summing all points. In addition, the CTAP score was compared with other predictive scores based on CCTA.

Results
The endpoint was achieved in 63% of the lesions. The independent predictors included previous CTO-PCI failure, the proximal blunt stump, proximal side branch, distal side branch, occluded segment bending > 45°, and high-density plaque volume (fibrous volume + calcified volume) ≥ 19.9 mm3. As the score increased from 0 to 5, the success rate of the guidewire crossing within 30 m decreased from 96 to 0%. Comparing the CTAP score with other predictive scores, the CTAP score showed the highest discriminant power (c-statistic = 0.81 versus 0.73–0.77, p value 0.02–0.07). The CTAP score showed similar results for procedural success.

Conclusion
The CTAP score efficiently predicted the guidewire crossing efficiency and procedural success.

Key Points
• An increase in high-density plaque volume (fibrous + dense calcium) was more probable to reduce the efficiency of crossing and lead to procedural failure.
• The new prediction scoring system with the addition of the quantitative characteristics of plaques had an improved predictive ability compared with the traditional prediction scoring system.
Impact of resolution on the atmosphere–ocean coupling along the Gulf Stream in global high resolution models
Authors: Tsartsali E. E. , Haarsma R. J. , Athanasiadis P. J. , Bellucci A. , de Vries H. , Drijfhout S. , de Vries I. E. , Putrahasan D. , Roberts M. J. , Sanchez–Gomez E. , Roberts C. D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe have investigated the horizontal resolution dependence of the ocean–atmosphere coupling along the Gulf Stream, of simulations made by six Global Climate Models according to the HighResMIP protocol, and compared it with reanalysis and remote sensing observations. Two ocean–atmosphere interaction mechanisms are explored in detail: The Vertical Mixing Mechanism (VMM) associated with the intensification of downward momentum transfer, and the Pressure Adjustment Mechanism (PAM) associated with secondary circulations driven by pressure gradients. Both VMM and PAM are found to be active even in the eddy-parameterized models. However, increasing ocean and/or atmosphere resolution leads to enhanced ocean–atmosphere coupling and improved agreement with reanalysis and observations. Our results indicate that while one part of the stronger air–sea coupling is attributable to the refinement of the oceanic component to eddy-permitting, optimal results are obtained only by further increase of the atmosphere resolution too. The use of the eddy-resolving model show weaker or same coupling strength over the eddy-permitting resolution. We conclude that at least eddy-permiting ocean resolution and comparable atmosphere resolution are required for a reliable ocean–atmosphere coupling along the Gulf Stream.
Co-ingestion of cluster dextrin carbohydrate does not increase exogenous protein-derived amino acid release or myofibrillar protein synthesis following a whole-body resistance exercise in moderately trained younger males: a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Nishimura Yusuke , Jensen Mikkel , Bülow Jacob , Thomsen Thomas Tagmose , Arimitsu Takuma , van Hall Gerrit , Fujita Satoshi , Holm Lars 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates if co-ingestion of cluster dextrin (CDX) augments the appearance of intrinsically labeled meat protein hydrolysate-derived amino acid (D5-phenylalanine), Akt/mTORC1 signaling, and myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR).

Methods
Ten moderately trained healthy males (age: 21.5 ± 2.1 years, body mass: 75.7 ± 7.6 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were included for a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial. Either 75 g of CDX or glucose (GLC) was given in conjunction with meat protein hydrolysate (0.6 g protein * FFM−1) following a whole-body resistance exercise. A primed-continuous intravenous infusion of L-[15N]-phenylalanine with serial muscle biopsies and venous blood sampling was performed.

Results
A time × group interaction effect was found for serum D5-phenylalanine enrichment (P < 0.01). Serum EAA and BCAA concentrations showed a main effect for group (P < 0.05). Tmax serum BCAA was greater in CDX as compared to GLC (P < 0.05). However, iAUC of all serum parameters did not differ between CDX and GLC (P > 0.05). Tmax serum EAA showed a trend towards a statistical significance favoring CDX over GLC. The phosphorylation of p70S6KThr389, rpS6Ser240/244, ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 was greater in CDX compared to GLC (P < 0.05). However, postprandial myofibrillar FSR did not differ between CDX and GLC (P = 0.17).

Conclusion
In moderately trained younger males, co-ingestion of CDX with meat protein hydrolysate does not augment the postprandial amino acid availability or myofibrillar FSR as compared to co-ingestion of GLC during the recovery from a whole-body resistance exercise despite an increased intramuscular signaling.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03303729 (registered on October 3, 2017).
Morphological characterization reveals new insights into giant cell development of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice
Authors: Niu Yongrui , Xiao Liying , de Almeida-Engler Janice , Gheysen Godelieve , Peng Deliang , Xiao Xueqiong , Huang Wenkun , Wang Gaofeng , Xiao Yannong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Three types of nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) caused by M. graminicola on rice were suggested, and the NFS polarized expansion stops before the full NFS maturation that occurs at adult female stage.

Abstract
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., secrete effectors and recruit host genes to establish their feeding sites giant cells, ensuring their nutrient acquisition. There is still a limited understanding of the mechanism underlying giant cell development. Here, the three-dimensional structures of M. graminicola-caused nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) on rice as well as changes in morphological features and cytoplasm density of the giant cells (GCs) during nematode parasitism were reconstructed and characterized by confocal microscopy and the Fiji software. Characterization of morphological features showed that three types of M. graminicola-caused NFSs, type I–III, were detected during parasitism at the second juvenile (J2), the third juvenile (J3), the fourth juvenile (J4) and adult female stages. Type I is the majority at all stages and type II develops into type I at J3 stage marked by its longitudinal growth. Meanwhile, NFSs underwent polarized expansion, where the lateral and longitudinal expansion ceased at later parasitic J2 stage and the non-feeding J4 stage, respectively. The investigation of giant cell cytoplasm density indicates that it reaches a peak at the midpoint of early parasitic J2 and adult female stages. Our data suggest the formation of three types of NFSs caused by M. graminicola on rice and the NFS polarized expansion stopping before full NFS maturation, which provides unprecedented spatio-temporal characterization of development of giant cells caused by a root-knot nematode.
Postoperative delirium is an independent factor influencing the length of stay of elderly patients in the intensive care unit and in hospital
Authors: Kirfel Andrea , Guttenthaler Vera , Mayr Andreas , Coburn Mark , Menzenbach Jan , Wittmann Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative delirium (POD) is an often unrecognized adverse event in older people after surgery. The aim of this subgroup analysis of the PRe-Operative Prediction of postoperative DElirium by appropriate SCreening (PROPDESC) trial in patients aged 70 years and older was to identify preoperative risk factors and the impact of POD on length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital.

Methods
Of the total 1097 patients recruited at a German university hospital (from September 2018 to October 2019) in the PROPDESC prospective observational study, 588 patients aged 70 years and older (mean age 77.2 ± 4.7 years) were included for subgroup analysis. The primary endpoint POD was considered positive if one of the following tests were positive on any of the five postoperative visit days: Confusion Assessment Method for ICU (CAM-ICU), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), 4'A's (4AT) and Delirium Observation Scale (DOS). Trained doctoral students carried out these visitations and additionally the nursing staff were interviewed for completion of the DOS. To evaluate the independent effect of POD on LOS in ICU and in hospital, a multi-variable linear regression analysis was performed.

Results
The POD incidence was 25.9%. The results of our model showed POD as an independent predictor for a prolonged LOS in ICU (36%; 95% CI 4–78%; < 0.001) and in hospital (22%; 95% CI 4–43%; < 0.001).

Conclusion
POD has an independent impact on LOS in ICU and in hospital. Based on the effect of POD for the elderly, a standardized risk screening is required.

Trail registration
German Registry for Clinical Studies: DRKS00015715.
True Mode $$\mathrm {III}$$ Fracturing of Rocks: An Axially Double-Edge Notched Brazilian Disk Test
Authors: Bahrami Bahador , Nejati Morteza , Ayatollahi Majid Reza , Driesner Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new test, referred to as axially double-edge notched Brazilian disk (ANBD), is proposed to measure true mode $$\mathrm {III}$$
III
fracture toughness ($$K_{\mathrm {IIIc}}$$

K
IIIc

) of rock materials. The term true denotes a shear-induced fracturing via self-planar crack extension as opposed to a twisted tension-based one commonly observed in many mode $$\mathrm {III}$$
III
experiments of rocks. The ANBD test follows a straightforward procedure thanks to its simple core-based geometry and diametrical compression loading setup. Finite element analyses are employed to evaluate the stress intensity variations along the crack front and to calculate the point-wise stress intensity factors (SIFs) for different geometry and loading configurations. The results of ANBD tests conducted on granitic samples demonstrate the good performance of this test in yielding true mode $$\mathrm {III}$$
III
fracturing. The influences of the test parameters of ligament length and loading angle on $$K_{\mathrm {IIIc}}$$

K
IIIc

are also investigated. A comparison study shows that $$K_{\mathrm {IIIc}}$$

K
IIIc

values are similar to $$K_{\mathrm {IIc}}$$

K
IIc

but almost 2.5 times greater than $$K_{\mathrm {Ic}}$$

K
Ic

. This demonstrates that the true mode $$\mathrm {III}$$
III
test offers a similar shear-based fracturing mechanism to the true mode $$\mathrm {II}$$
II
, which is significantly more energy-consuming than the tension-based mode $$\mathrm {I}$$
I
failure type.
Long-term regional changes in inter-annual precipitation variability in the Campania Region, Southern Italy
Authors: Longobardi Antonia , Boulariah Ouafik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecipitation variability in space and time has been a focus of research over the past decades. The largest body of literature was essentially focused on long-term changes in average climates and in climate extremes. Analyses of the changes in the inter-annual climate variability (the year-to-year variability), which represent an index of climatic risk, received instead very less attention, but it represents an important issue in order to quantitatively measure the socioeconomic impact of climate change impact over water resources. In order to depict a general characterization of the long-term climate variability for the Campania region, located in Southern Italy within the Mediterranean basin, an analysis of the precipitation coefficient of variation, assumed as an index of inter-annual climate variability, was performed over the period 1918–2015 and compared with the annual precipitation regime and the intra-annual precipitation variability of the same region. The Mann–Kendall and the modified Mann–Kendall tests were applied to detect the sign and significance of the temporal changes and Sen’s test was applied to quantify the temporal changes in inter-annual variability. The results illustrated a generalized condition (73% of total stations) of statistically significant increase of inter-annual variability distributed almost over the whole analyzed area, even though the detected change appeared rather moderate in magnitude. The relationship between annual precipitation, intra-annual precipitation variability, and inter-annual precipitation variability was not clearly identified for the studied region, likely because of the characteristics of climatic homogeneity for the area under investigation. However, the comparative analyzes clearly showed how, if the variations in the annual precipitation regime and in the intra-annual precipitation variability are poorly significant (respectively for 9% and 11% of total station), changes in inter-annual precipitation variability are strongly marked over the studied region.
Drought propagation in the hydrological cycle in a semiarid region: a case study in the Bilate catchment, Ethiopia
Authors: Wossenyeleh Buruk Kitachew , Kasa Ayalew Shura , Verbeiren Boud , Huysmans Marijke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrought is a temporal decrease in water availability and occurs in all climatic regions. Droughts propagate through the hydrological cycle, e.g., meteorological drought propagates to groundwater recharge drought. This research investigated drought propagation in the hydrological cycle in a semiarid context. Meteorological drought severity was determined using a standardized precipitation index (SPI). A variable threshold method and standardized groundwater index (SGI) was implemented to investigate groundwater recharge drought. Comparing meteorological drought (SPI) and groundwater drought (SGI) helps to assess drought propagation in the hydrological cycle. For drought analysis, time-series of rainfall and groundwater recharge needs to be available with high spatial and temporal resolution. Therefore, for this study, daily rainfall measurements were collected from 11 meteorological stations, and water balance modeling was used to estimate temporally and spatially distributed groundwater recharge. This research was carried out in the Bilate River catchment in the Rift Valley basin of Ethiopia. Results show that meteorological droughts were observed before every groundwater recharge drought and they propagate to groundwater recharge drought. Furthermore, analysis of the drought propagation indicates that not all meteorological droughts are propagated. The analysis also shows that a combination of mild to severe meteorological droughts can propagate to groundwater recharge and result in a major groundwater-recharge drought event.
Spatiotemporal high-resolution prediction and mapping: methodology and application to dengue disease
Authors: Jaya I. Gede Nyoman Mindra , Folmer Henk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDengue disease has become a major public health problem. Accurate and precise identification, prediction and mapping of high-risk areas are crucial elements of an effective and efficient early warning system in countering the spread of dengue disease. In this paper, we present the fusion area-cell spatiotemporal generalized geoadditive-Gaussian Markov random field (FGG-GMRF) framework for joint estimation of an area-cell model, involving temporally varying coefficients, spatially and temporally structured and unstructured random effects, and spatiotemporal interaction of the random effects. The spatiotemporal Gaussian field is applied to determine the unobserved relative risk at cell level. It is transformed to a Gaussian Markov random field using the finite element method and the linear stochastic partial differential equation approach to solve the “big n” problem. Sub-area relative risk estimates are obtained as block averages of the cell outcomes within each sub-area boundary. The FGG-GMRF model is estimated by applying Bayesian Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation. In the application to Bandung city, Indonesia, we combine low-resolution area level (district) spatiotemporal data on population at risk and incidence and high-resolution cell level data on weather variables to obtain predictions of relative risk at subdistrict level. The predicted dengue relative risk at subdistrict level suggests significant fine-scale heterogeneities which are not apparent when examining the area level. The relative risk varies considerably across subdistricts and time, with the latter showing an increase in the period January–July and a decrease in the period August–December.
Performance evaluation of machine learning for fault selection in power transmission lines
Authors: Gutierrez-Rojas Daniel , Christou Ioannis T. , Dantas Daniel , Narayanan Arun , Nardelli Pedro H. J. , Yang Yongheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLearning methods have been increasingly used in power engineering to perform various tasks. In this paper, a fault selection procedure in double-circuit transmission lines employing different learning methods is accordingly proposed. In the proposed procedure, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used to pre-process raw data from the transmission line before it is fed into the learning algorithm, which will detect and classify any fault based on a training period. The performance of different machine learning algorithms is then numerically compared through simulations. The comparison indicates that an artificial neural network (ANN) achieves remarkable accuracy of 98.47%. As a drawback, the ANN method cannot provide explainable results and is also not robust against noisy measurements. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that explainable results can be obtained with high accuracy by using rule-based learners such as the recently developed quantitative association rule mining algorithm (QARMA). The QARMA algorithm outperforms other explainable schemes, while attaining an accuracy of 98%. Besides, it was shown that QARMA leads to a very high accuracy of 97% for highly noisy data. The proposed method was also validated using data from an actual transmission line fault. In summary, the proposed two-step procedure using the DFT combined with either deep learning or rule-based algorithms can accurately and successfully perform fault selection tasks but indicating remarkable advantages of the QARMA due to its explainability and robustness against noise. Those aspects are extremely important if machine learning and other data-driven methods are to be employed in critical engineering applications.