bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snakes on the plains: The impacts of habitat structure on snake communities in Illinois grasslands
Authors: Glass Alex , Eichholz Michael W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSnakes are an integral component of grassland ecosystems, though their occurrence in high densities is often discouraged because of their role as nest predators of declining grassland birds. The effects of habitat structure on snake communities in grasslands remains poorly understood, hindering management efforts. We used 3 years of data from a series of restored grasslands in southern Illinois to examine how habitat structure across 3 spatial scales (local, patch, landscape) affected snake relative abundance, diversity, and species‐specific occupancy in grasslands. We found that snake community metrics were strongly and positively related to an increase in woody plant cover at the local (within‐patch) scale. Snake relative abundance was also positively related to an increase in grass cover and a decrease in forb cover, though our occupancy results suggest that this was primarily driven by an increase in black kingsnakes (Lampropeltis nigra). At the patch scale, relative abundance and diversity of snakes were both positively related to the proportion of patch edge composed of roads. Habitat structure at the landscape scale had the smallest impact on snakes in this study, though the proportion of trees in the landscape was positively related to snake diversity. We suggest that managers and conservationists interested in manipulating snake abundance in grasslands focus on within‐patch vegetation structure and composition. Decreasing woody cover in grasslands, or increasing the ratio of forbs to grasses, may reduce the presence of snakes, while maintaining a woody component could encourage both snake abundance and diversity.
Microwave Cavity Searches
Authors: Simanovskaia Maria , Carosi Gianpaolo , Bibber Karl van 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe axion “haloscope” technique is a well-established method to search for dark matter axions with a resonant microwave cavity and has excluded axion models over several frequency ranges with unparalleled sensitivity. This chapter describes the basics of microwave cavity searches, including overviews of the main experimental components and details on the figure of merit for these searches.
Spinning hexagons
Authors: Bercini Carlos , Gonçalves Vasco , Homrich Alexandre , Vieira Pedro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We reduce the computation of three point function of three spinning operators with arbitrary polarizations in 𝒩 = 4 SYM to a statistical mechanics problem via the hexagon formalism. The central building block of these correlation functions is the hexagon partition function. We explore its analytic structure and use it to generate perturbative data for spinning three point functions. For certain polarizations and any coupling, we express the full asymptotic three point function in determinant form. With the integrability approach established we open the ground to study the large spin limit where dualities with null Wilson loops and integrable pentagons must appear.
An overview of common peroneal nerve dysfunction and systematic assessment of its relation to falls
Authors: Capodici Angelo , Hagert Elisabet , Darrach Halley , Curtin Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Compression of the peroneal nerve is recognized as a common cause of falls. The superficial course of the peroneal nerve exposes it to trauma and pressure from common activities such as crossing of legs. The nerve can be exposed also to distress due to metabolic problems such as diabetes. The purpose of our manuscript is to review common peroneal nerve dysfunction symptoms and treatment as well as provide a systematic assessment of its relation to falls.

Methods
We pooled the existing literature from PubMed and included studies (n = 342) assessing peroneal nerve damage that is related in any way to falls. We excluded any studies reporting non-original data, case reports and non-English studies.

Results
The final systematic assessment included 4 articles. Each population studied had a non-negligible incidence of peroneal neuropathy. Peroneal pathology was found to be consistently associated with falls.

Conclusion
The peroneal nerve is an important nerve whose dysfunction can result in falls. This article reviews the anatomy and care of the peroneal nerve. The literature review highlights the strong association of this nerve’s pathology with falls.
Laser ablation induced impulse study for removal of space debris mission using small satellite
Authors: Tsuno Katsuhiko , Wada Satoshi , Ogawa Takayo , Saito Norihito , Fukushima Tadanori , Ebisuzaki Toshikazu , Nakamura Yusuke , Sasoh Akihiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, many plans have arisen for building constellations in low Earth orbit, some of which have already provided commercial services. The number of satellites that form these constellations will exceed $$10^4$$

10
4

, and a number of these could become space debris due to accidental failure, leading to serious problems for human activities in space. Laser ablation-induced propulsion achieved by remote irradiation from the service spacecraft has been proposed as one effective method to remove such space debris and it involves effectively generating a propulsion impulse from a laser. Because most of the high-power lasers currently utilized in space applications are Nd:YAG lasers, in this study, we evaluate the characteristics of second harmonic generation (SHG), which can be generated using nonlinear crystals. The momentum coupling coefficient may be dependent on the irradiated laser wave length which has a significant difference in the ablation process such as plasma generation and heating. These effects have been investigated using an impulse measurement instrumental setup with a KD*P nonlinear crystal. As an efficient impulse generation method, the irradiation of the fundamental and SHG beams of the Nd:YAG laser at the same point was found to be more effective than the fundamental beam with the same total energy. SHG does not require additional power-consuming equipment such as additional exciters or amplifiers, but requite temperature-controlled nonlinear crystals, and impulses can be increased with minimal additional power. It turned out to be advantageous for space applications, which will require minimum power operation
. Additionally, we found an additional nonlinear laser-induced impulses through the interaction of the beams.
Increased lesion depth, higher body mass index and older age are risk factors for osteoarthritis during long-term follow-up in patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the knee
Authors: Ekman Elina , Nevalainen Sepe , Karjalainen Elina , Kohonen Ia , Vuohelainen Jimi , Rissanen Tiia , Itälä Ari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
To report on the long-term prognosis of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) patients regarding radiological and patient-reported outcomes and to analyze possible risk factors.

Materials and methods
All patients diagnosed with knee OCD between 2004 and 2014 with radiographic Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grades 0–2 at the time of diagnoses, ability to understand the language of the interview, and willingness to participate in the study were retrospectively reviewed. Current knee radiographs and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire were prospectively collected between May 2020 and March 2021. The extent of osteoarthritis (OA) and KOOS questionnaire results were evaluated.

Results
90 patients (103 knees) with a mean age of 21 years (range 6–60) were included. The mean follow-up time was 12 years (range 7–20). 24 knees (23%) were treated conservatively, and 79 knees (77%) operatively. At the time of diagnoses, 90% of the patients had K–L grades of 0–1; during the follow-up period, 45% of the patients showed radiological progression of OA. Patient body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.004; 95% CI 0.25–0.29), age (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.18–0.30), operative treatment (p = 0.0075; 95% CI 0.41–0.65) and lesion depth (p = 0.0007) were statistically significantly connected to K–L grade change. Patients with no progression in joint space narrowing had statistically significantly better overall KOOS scores (p = 0.03; 95% CI 0.77–0.88) than patients whose K–L grades worsened.

Conclusions
During the long-term follow-up of 12 years, patients with knee OCD had good clinical results. Lac of radiological progression of cartilage degeneration was noted in 55% of the patients, regardless of treatment method. Lesion depth, higher BMI and older age were associated with the progression of OA. The progression of OA was related to a worsening of functional scores.

Level of evidence
IV.
Homocysteine levels, genetic background, and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Periñán María Teresa , Macías-García Daniel , Jesús Silvia , Martín-Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Muñoz-Delgado Laura , Jimenez-Jaraba Maria Valle , Buiza-Rueda Dolores , Bonilla-Toribio Marta , Adarmes-Gómez Astrid Daniela , Gómez-Garre Pilar , Mir Pablo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Objective
To study the correlation between homocysteine levels and cognitive impairment in patients with PD.

Methods
We conducted a case–control study that included 246 patients with PD, of whom 32 were cognitively impaired. The levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine differences in homocysteine levels between PD patients with and without cognitive impairment. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the role of Hcy levels in PD with cognitive decline. Five polymorphisms in genes involved in Hcy metabolism, including MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131, COMT rs4680, MTRR rs1801394, and TCN2 rs1801198, were genotyped.

Results
Our case–control study showed that homocysteine levels were associated with cognitive impairment in PD after adjusting for possible confounding factors such as levodopa equivalent daily dose. The results of our meta-analysis further supported the positive association between homocysteine levels and cognition in PD. We found that the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype led to higher homocysteine levels in PD patients, whereas the MTHFR rs1801131 CC genotype resulted in higher folate levels. However, the polymorphisms studied were not associated with cognitive impairment in PD.

Conclusions
Increased homocysteine levels were a risk factor for cognitive decline in PD. However, no association was found between polymorphisms in genes involved in homocysteine metabolism and cognitive impairment in PD. Large-scale studies of ethnically diverse populations are required to definitively assess the relationship between MTHFR and cognitive impairment in PD.
Intraventricular hemorrhage prediction in premature neonates in the era of hemodynamics monitoring: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Farag Marwa Mohamed , Gouda Mohamed Hazem , Almohsen Ali Mohamed Abd , Khalifa Mohammed Attia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnstable hemodynamics and prematurity are the main players in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) development. Our objective was to study 8 the use of superior vena cava flow (SVCF), left ventricular output (LVO), and right ventricular output (RVO), and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Doppler measures in prediction of IVH in the first week of life in preterm infant ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1500 g. This prospective cohort study was conducted in 55NICU of Alexandria University maternity hospital. Of 147 enrolled patients, 132 infants born ≤ 32 weeks GA and birth weight ≤ 1500 g were eligible for- the study. One hundred twenty-seven infants completed the study. Infants were scanned for ACA-RI using transfontanellar ultrasound, and SVCF, LVO, and RVO using functional echocardiography in the first 24 h after birth. Patients had another two scans on DOL3 and 7 to detect IVH development. Low SVCF and high ACA-RI significantly increased the risk of IVH using logistic regression models with OR, 3.16; 95%CI, 1.19–8.39; P = 0.02 and OR, 1.64; 95%Cl, 1.10–2.44; P = 0.02, respectively. Low SVCF and high ACA-RI significantly increased risk of catastrophic IVH P = 0.025 and 0.023, respectively. Combined use of low SVCF < 55 ml/kg/min and ACA-RI > 0.75 is predictor of IVH with sensitivity 40.8% and 82.1% specificity.Conclusions: There are strong relations between both low SVCF and high ACA-RI, and IVH development in premature neonates ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1500 g, with more significance towards catastrophic IVH. Admission RSS and LVO are the strongest factors affecting SVCF. Maternal anemia, patent ductus arteriosus size (mm/kg), and capillary refill time were significantly associated with high ACA-RI. These findings help in more understanding of pathophysiological factors affecting central perfusion that might affect the longer term neurodeveopmental outcome.Trial registration: This work was registered in clinical trial.gv no NCT05050032.

What is Known:•Whether SVCF and RI-ACA can predict IVH in preterm neonates is still debatable.

What is New:•Low SVC flow and high ACA-RI significantly increased risk of IVH, confirming the role of hypoperfusion-reperfusion cycle in IVH development. The most striking result that combined metrics using the cut-off value of < 41 ml/kg/min for SVCF and > 0.85 for ACA-RI “in the first day of life” can correctly reject the presence of IVH in 98% of patients “during the first week of life.”
An Improved Upper Bound on the Queue Number of Planar Graphs
Authors: Bekos Michael , Gronemann Martin , Raftopoulou Chrysanthi N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAk-queue layout is a special type of a linear layout, in which the linear order avoids$$(k+1)$$(k+1)-rainbows, that is,$$k+1$$k+1independent edges that pairwise form a nested pair. The optimization goal is to determine thequeue numberof a graph, which is defined as the minimum value ofkfor which ak-queue layout is feasible. Recently, Dujmović et al. [J. ACM, 67(4), 22:1–38, 2020] showed that the queue number of planar graphs is at most 49, thus settling in the positive a long-standing conjecture by Heath, Leighton and Rosenberg. To achieve this breakthrough result, their approach involves three different techniques: (1) an algorithm to obtain 2-queue layouts of outerplanar graphs, (2) an algorithm to obtain 5-queue layouts of planar 3-trees, and (3) a decomposition of a planar graph into so-called tripods. In this work, we push further each of these techniques to obtain the first non-trivial improvement of the upper bound on the queue number of planar graphs from 49 to$$42 $$42.
Surgomics: personalized prediction of morbidity, mortality and long-term outcome in surgery using machine learning on multimodal data
Authors: Wagner Martin , Brandenburg Johanna M. , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Schulze André , Jenke Alexander C. , Stern Antonia , Daum Marie T. J. , Mündermann Lars , Kolbinger Fiona R. , Bhasker Nithya , Schneider Gerd , Krause-Jüttler Grit , Alwanni Hisham , Fritz-Kebede Fleur , Burgert Oliver , Wilhelm Dirk , Fallert Johannes , Nickel Felix , Maier-Hein Lena , Dugas Martin , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Müller-Stich Beat-Peter , Speidel Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Personalized medicine requires the integration and analysis of vast amounts of patient data to realize individualized care. With Surgomics, we aim to facilitate personalized therapy recommendations in surgery by integration of intraoperative surgical data and their analysis with machine learning methods to leverage the potential of this data in analogy to Radiomics and Genomics.

Methods
We defined Surgomics as the entirety of surgomic features that are process characteristics of a surgical procedure automatically derived from multimodal intraoperative data to quantify processes in the operating room. In a multidisciplinary team we discussed potential data sources like endoscopic videos, vital sign monitoring, medical devices and instruments and respective surgomic features. Subsequently, an online questionnaire was sent to experts from surgery and (computer) science at multiple centers for rating the features’ clinical relevance and technical feasibility.

Results
In total, 52 surgomic features were identified and assigned to eight feature categories. Based on the expert survey (n = 66 participants) the feature category with the highest clinical relevance as rated by surgeons was “surgical skill and quality of performance” for morbidity and mortality (9.0 ± 1.3 on a numerical rating scale from 1 to 10) as well as for long-term (oncological) outcome (8.2 ± 1.8). The feature category with the highest feasibility to be automatically extracted as rated by (computer) scientists was “Instrument” (8.5 ± 1.7). Among the surgomic features ranked as most relevant in their respective category were “intraoperative adverse events”, “action performed with instruments”, “vital sign monitoring”, and “difficulty of surgery”.

Conclusion
Surgomics is a promising concept for the analysis of intraoperative data. Surgomics may be used together with preoperative features from clinical data and Radiomics to predict postoperative morbidity, mortality and long-term outcome, as well as to provide tailored feedback for surgeons.

Graphical abstract
Cervical rotational osteotomy for correction of axial deformity in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Li Jun , Li Fang-cai , Chen Qi-xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Severe cervical axial deformity associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare in clinic, and there are little concerns about surgical treatment of axial deformity associated with AS. The case study aims to show the surgical technique to perform cervical rotational osteotomy.

Methods
We present the case of a young AS patient whose neck was fixed in a left-rotational posture at 18°, requiring his trunk to be turned to the right to look forward visually. This made his gait appear to be limping, inconveniencing him with great difficulty. In order to correct this deformity, we performed a novel cervical rotational osteotomy through a one-stage posterior–anterior–posterior approach. Firstly, we performed laminectomies of C7 and T1, followed by a C7/T1 facetectomy with release of the bilateral C8 nerve roots. Next, we performed C7/T1 discectomy, bony resection of the lateral body and uncovertebral joints. The head of the patient was then rotated manually, so that both his face and torso were simultaneously facing frontward. Finally, rods spanning the screws from C6 to T2 were fixed.

Results
Postoperatively, the patient’s axial malalignment was significantly improved, and he was able to walk normally. Surgical outcomes were well maintained at a 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion
Through this case, we hope to draw the attention to spinal axial deformity and provide a reference point in the surgical treatment of spinal axial deformity.
The application of discrete choice experiments eliciting young peoples’ preferences for healthcare: a systematic literature review
Authors: Williams Galina , Kinchin Irina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Understanding young people’s preferences for healthcare is critical for reducing the negative effect of undesirable choices. This review aims to synthesise the evidence obtained from discrete choice experiments (DCEs) eliciting young people’s preferences for healthcare interventions and service deliveries, specifically, to (1) examine the methodology, including a selection of attributes and levels, experimental design, estimation procedure and validity; (2) evaluate similarities, differences and rigour of designs to the general population DCEs; and, (3) compare the DCEs’ application to the seven health priority areas defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Methods
A systematic review searching Medline, EconLIT, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed up until May 2021. Inclusion criteria: a DCE, eliciting young peoples’ preferences (10–24 years of age), on a healthcare-related topic defined by WHO, peer-reviewed, full-text available in English. A bespoke checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.

Results
Eighteen DCE studies were included in the review, exploring interventions and service in sexual and reproductive health (n = 9; 50%), smoking cessation (n = 4; 22%), mental health (n = 1), nutrition (n = 1), unintentional injuries (n = 1), vaccination against severe but rare diseases (n = 1); and diabetes (n = 1). Compared to the general population, DCEs eliciting young people’s preferences had a high proportion of monetary measures and a smaller number of choices per respondent with the overwhelming number of surveys using fractional factorial design. The majority of studies were of moderate quality (50–75% of the criteria met).

Conclusions
While identified DCEs touched on most health priority areas, the scope was limited. The conduct and reporting of DCEs with young people could be improved by including the state-of-the-art design, estimation procedures and analysis.
Composable partial multiparty session types for open systems
Authors: Stolze Claude , Miculan Marino , Di Gianantonio Pietro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSession types are a well-established framework for the specification of interactions between components of a distributed systems. An important issue is how to determine the type for an open system, i.e., obtained by assembling subcomponents, some of which could be missing. To this end, we introduce partial sessions and partial (multiparty) session types. Partial sessions can be composed, and the type of the resulting system is derived from those of its components without knowing any suitable global type nor the types of missing parts. To deal with this incomplete information, partial session types represent the subjective views of the interactions from participants’ perspectives; when sessions are composed, different partial views can be merged if compatible, yielding a unified view of the session. Incompatible types, due to, e.g., miscommunications or deadlocks, are detected at the merging phase. In fact, in this theory the distinction between global and local types vanishes. We apply these types to a process calculus for which we prove subject reduction and progress, so that well-typed systems never violate the prescribed constraints. In particular, we introduce a generalization of the progress property, in order to accommodate the case when a partial session cannot progress not due to a deadlock, but because some participants are still missing. Therefore, partial session types support the development of systems by incremental assembling of components.