bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Engineering of Double‐Shelled Nanotubes toward Hetero‐Interfaces Induced Polarization and Microscale Magnetic Interaction
Authors: Liu Panbo , Wang Yi , Zhang Guozheng , Huang Ying , Zhang Ruixuan , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xuefeng , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHierarchical engineering of suitable dielectric‐magnetic multicomponents shows good performance for microwave absorbers, but still face bottlenecks. Herein, hierarchical double‐shelled nanotubes (DSNTs), in which the inner magnetic tubular subunits are assembled by magnetic‐heteroatomic components through cation‐exchange reactions, and the outer dielectric MnO2 nanosheets strengthen the synergistic interactions between confined heterogeneous interfaces are ingeniously designed and constructed. Hetero‐interfaces induced polarization is proposed to investigate the interfacial relaxation mechanism, and magnetic loss, closely related to the micrometer‐scale magnetic units, is mainly clarified by the magnetic interaction composed of magnetic coupling and magnetic diffraction; both of them are clearly confirmed by Lorentz off‐axis electron holography. The obtained hierarchical DSNTs demonstrate efficient microwave absorption with an optimal reflection loss of −54.7 dB and qualified absorption bandwidth of 9.5 GHz owing to desirable heterogeneous interfaces, multiple magnetic heteroatomic components and hollow hierarchical microstructures. This strategy inspires a generalized methodology for the engineering of hollow hierarchical configurations with multishells, the combination of proposed hetero‐interfaces induced polarization and microscale magnetic interaction broadens the dielectric‐magnetic synergistic mechanism of the topography–performance relationship for microwave absorption materials.
Interface Polarization Strengthened Microwave Catalysis of MoS2/FeS/Rhein for the Therapy of Bacteria‐Infected Osteomyelitis
Authors: Jin Liguo , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Cui Zhenduo , Chu Paul K. , Wu Shuilin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced osteomyelitis is fatal to patients, even leading to death without timely debridement processing, which is difficult to be treated by antibiotics or phototherapy due to deep infections. Herein, a microwave (MW) assisted bacteria‐killing strategy for treating S. aureus‐induced osteomyelitis by using MW‐responsive molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/ferrous sulfide (FeS) heterojunction with anti‐inflammatory herb of rhein (Rhe) is reported. Under medical MW irradiation, MoS2/FeS/Rhe effectively eradicates S. aureus‐infected rat tibial osteomyelitis. The robust therapeutic effects of MoS2/FeS/Rhe are ascribed to the anti‐inflammatory effect of Rhe, the enhanced MW thermal and dynamic effects of MoS2/FeS. MoS2/FeS is composed of S‐Mo‐S‐Fe‐S stacked layers sandwiched in between by weak Van Der Waals interactions, which means that ions or molecules can be retained in the space between the layers. Under MW irradiation, dipoles or ions are aligned in an oscillating electric field, which cause dipolar polarization and ionic conduction, leading to molecular friction and dielectric loss to generate MW heat. In addition, the dipole orientation polarization caused by the interfacial polarization of MoS2/FeS is the main factor for microwave catalysis. This kind of MW responsive nanocomposite comprising inorganics and herbs may solve the challenge of how to effectively treat deep tissue infections.
An All‐Organic Self‐Powered Photodetector with Ultraflexible Dual‐Polarity Output for Biosignal Detection
Authors: Yan Tingting , Li Ziqing , Cao Fa , Chen Jiaxin , Wu Limin , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEndowing photodetectors with mechanically flexibility and actual functionality are current research issues in developing optoelectronic devices. However, rigid metal‐based or metal‐oxide‐based electrodes remain a block to the realization of ultraflexible electronics. Thus, an ultraflexible all‐organic photodetector (all‐OPD) is designed by innovatively introducing symmetrical organic electrodes PH1000/PH1000 to substitute the widely applied indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO)/Ag electrodes. Specifically, this all‐OPD exhibits a high self‐powered responsivity (R) of over 100 mA W−1 among 500–600 nm and the photocurrent remains about 80% of the original performance after being bent 20 000 circles, and can output steady biosignals for photo‐plethysmography (PPG) application. More importantly, this all‐OPD outputs dual‐polarity photocurrent as it is flipped or folded. Benefitting from the ordered phase distribution and designed Schottky barrier heights, the photogenerated holes will be transferred and collected by nearer electrode, while electrons will be trapped in the thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as a result of the long channel. This work offers a new avenue toward developing a multifunctional and ultraflexible all‐OPD with a straightforward all‐solution method, and it is expected to be more compatible in complex application scenarios.
Structural Regulation of Coupled Phthalocyanine–Porphyrin Covalent Organic Frameworks to Highly Active and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yuan Junjie , Chen Shengtao , Zhang Yanyan , Li Renjie , Zhang Jing , Peng Tianyou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been applied as potential electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) due to their adjustable architecture and porous feature. Herein, tetraanhydrides of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octacarboxyphthalocyanine cobalt(II) (CoTAPc) are used as nodes to couple with 5,15‐di(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,20‐diphenylporphyrin (DAPor) or 5,15,10,20‐tetrayl(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPor) via imidization reaction to fabricate novel coupled phthalocyanine–porphyrin Type 1:2 (CoPc‐2H2Por) or Type 1:1 (CoPc‐H2Por) COFs. Electrocatalytic CO2RR experiments show that both Type 1:2 and Type 1:1 COFs exhibit the maximum Faraday efficiency over 90% with high stability, while the Type 1:2 COF (CoPc‐2H2Por) delivers lower overpotential, higher current density, and CO selectivity than Type 1:1 COF (CoPc‐H2Por) and CoPc monomer. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the better CO2RR activity of CoPc‐2H2Por than CoPc‐H2Por can be attributed to its larger pore size and conjugate structure, which then cause more efficient electron transfer, adsorption/activation of CO2, faster mass transfer, and reaction kinetics. This work provides a new idea in the structural design of COF‐based electrocatalyst for efficient CO2RR.
1.1‐Millimeter Tall Vertically Aligned‐Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Cold Wall CVD Using a Novel Multiple‐Purge Method
Authors: Coelho Cláudia , Machado George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a multi‐phase deposition for the growth of carbon nanotubes, intercalating phases of effective growth with purges of the reactor, based on the method recently proposed by the author to grow tall vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA‐CNT) in a cold‐wall system at low pressure. The test performed consists on running several growths varying the number of cycles during the deposition step and their duration, avoiding a massive study of number of cycles in function of the time and vice versa. The goal here is to verify if the chamber reconditioning and the purge cycles contribute to increase the height and the uniformity of the VA‐CNT forests. The maximum height achieved is 1.1 mm for 11 cycles, in a total time of 110.5 min, with a non‐uniformity of 6.0% under 6.8 Torr. The analysis of the saturation of the deposition is registered around 127 min.
Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H2 Sensors on Paper
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Zhao Yaoli , Abraham Shema Rachel , Thundat Thomas , Swihart Mark T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2D palladium nanostructures enable sensitive room‐temperature detection of H2. However, they can be limited by stability and fabrication costs. Stability may be improved by alloying Pd with other metals, while cost could be reduced by using paper as a substrate. An ultra‐low‐cost sensor using Pd alloy (PdMoY) nanosheets (NS) on paper is reported. The 2D Pd alloy nanosheets are prepared by a solution‐phase route, drop cast onto paper (≈1 × 1 cm) with silver contacts drawn on it, and dried. The same material is deposited on an interdigitated electrode (IDE). Both sensors are tested for response to hydrogen in air. The resistance of the paper‐based sensor decreased by ≈18.7% in 1% H2, which is about 40 times the response of the IDE‐based sensor. Its H2 limit of detection (1 ppm) is also lower than that of the IDE‐based sensor (5 ppm). Compared to pristine Pd NS, PdMoY NS are more stable to repeated H2 pulses without any signs of buckling or cracks. The nanosheets are also deposited by inkjet printing to produce functional sensors, providing a simple route to manufacturing of ultra‐low‐cost gas sensors for use in fuel‐cell vehicles and related infrastructure.
Terahertz Transmission‐Type Metasurface for the Linear and Circular Polarization Wavefront Manipulation
Authors: Li Jun , Cheng Yongzhi , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA transmission‐type metasurface (MS) based on the combined geometric and transmission phase is proposed and investigated here numerically, which can achieve independently manipulation of the circular polarization (CP) and linear polarization (LP) wavefront at terahertz (THz) region. The unit‐cell of the proposed MS is composed of the dielectric substrate sandwiched with the bilayered inner centrosymmetric‐notched‐elliptic (CNE), outer C‐shaped, and single‐split‐ring (SSR) structures. The proposed MS can convert the normal incident LP wave to its orthogonal one at the lower frequency (f1 = 0.68 THz) after transmission and left‐handed circular polarization to the transmitted right‐handed circular polarization wave or vice versa at the higher frequency (f2 = 1.34 THz). The full 2π phase shifts of the both transmitted LP and CP waves can be realized independently and simultaneously by varying the opening and orientation angles of the outer SSR structure based on the transmission phase and the orientation angle of the inner CNE structure based on geometric phase, respectively. As proofs of concept, anomalous refraction, planar focusing, and vortex beam generation for both LP and CP waves are demonstrated numerically. These findings show great potential applications in imaging and communication systems, providing new possibilities to develop multifunctional THz device for both LP and CP waves.
InterCellDB: A User‐Defined Database for Inferring Intercellular Networks
Authors: Jin Ziyang , Zhang Xiaotao , Dai Xuejiao , Huang Jinyan , Hu Xiaoming , Zhang Jianmin , Shi Ligen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent advances in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) empower insights into cell–cell crosstalk within specific tissues. However, customizable data analysis tools that decipher intercellular communication from gene expression in association with biological functions are lacking. The authors have developed InterCellDB, a platform that allows a user‐defined analysis of intercellular communication using scRNA‐seq datasets in combination with protein annotation information, including cellular localization and functional classification, and protein interaction properties. The application of InterCellDB in tumor microenvironment research is exemplified using two independent scRNA‐seq datasets from human and mouse and it is demonstrated that InterCellDB‐inferred cell–cell interactions and ligand–receptor pairs are experimentally valid.
A Functional Screening Identifies a New Organic Selenium Compound Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Role of c‐Myc Transcription Activity Inhibition in Liver Cancer
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Nian , Zhang Biao , Wang Hai‐Yang , Wang Dong‐Xing , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Zhang Min , Wang Xiao‐Kui , Fan Shi‐Yong , Xu Ying‐Chen , Zeng Quan , Jia Ya‐Li , Xi Jia‐Fei , Nan Xue , He Li‐Juan , Zhou Xin‐Bo , Li Song , Zhong Wu , Yue Wen , Pei Xue‐Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are reported to play essential roles in chemoresistance and metastasis. Pathways regulating CSC self‐renewal and proliferation, such as Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt/β‐catenin, TGF‐β, and Myc, may be potential therapeutic targets. Here, a functional screening from the focused library with 365 compounds is performed by a step‐by‐step strategy. Among these candidate molecules, phenyl‐2‐pyrimidinyl ketone 4‐allyl‐3‐amino selenourea (CU27) is chosen for further identification because it proves to be the most effective compound over others on CSC inhibition. Through ingenuity pathway analysis, it is shown CU27 may inhibit CSC through a well‐known stemness‐related transcription factor c‐Myc. Gene set enrichment analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter assays, expression levels of typical c‐Myc targets, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation are conducted. These results together suggest CU27 binds c‐Myc bHLH/LZ domains, inhibits c‐Myc‐Max complex formation, and prevents its occupancy on target gene promoters. In mouse models, CU27 significantly sensitizes sorafenib‐resistant tumor to sorafenib, reduces the primary tumor size, and inhibits CSC generation, showing a dramatic anti‐metastasis potential. Taken together, CU27 exerts inhibitory effects on CSC and CSC‐associated traits in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via c‐Myc transcription activity inhibition. CU27 may be a promising therapeutic to treat sorafenib‐resistant HCC.
Magnesium‐Encapsulated Injectable Hydrogel and 3D‐Engineered Polycaprolactone Conduit Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Yao Zhi , Yuan Weihao , Xu Jiankun , Tong Wenxue , Mi Jie , Ho Pak‐Cheong , Chow Dick Ho Kiu , Li Ye , Yao Hao , Li Xu , Xu Shunxiang , Guo Jiaxin , Zhu Qingtang , Bian Liming , Qin Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a challenging orthopedic condition that can be treated by autograft transplantation, a gold standard treatment in the current clinical setting. Nevertheless, limited availability of autografts and potential morbidities in donors hampers its widespread application. Bioactive scaffold‐based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to promote nerve regeneration. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) ions enhance nerve regeneration; however, an effectively controlled delivery vehicle is necessary to optimize their in vivo therapeutic effects. Herein, a bisphosphonate‐based injectable hydrogel exhibiting sustained Mg2+ delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration is developed. It is observed that Mg2+ promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration‐dependent manner by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Sema5b. Moreover, implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) conduits filled with Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel in 10 mm nerve defects in rats significantly enhanced axon regeneration and remyelination at 12 weeks post‐operation compared to the controls (blank conduits or conduits filled with Mg2+‐absent hydrogel). Functional recovery analysis reveals enhanced reinnervation in the animals treated with the Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel compared to that in the control groups. In summary, the Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel combined with the 3D‐engineered PCL conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Thus, a new strategy to facilitate the repair of challenging peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
Toward Strong Near‐Infrared Absorption/Emission from Carbon Dots in Aqueous Media through Solvothermal Fusion of Large Conjugated Perylene Derivatives with Post‐Surface Engineering
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Gang , Zhang Zhiming , Wu Jun , Zhang Bohan , Zhang Huiqi , Liu Enshan , Wang Liming , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Xing Guichuan , Ouyang Defang , Deng Chu‐Xia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most emerging photoluminescence (PL) nanomaterials. However, the realization of CDs with dominant near‐infrared (NIR) absorption/emission peaks in aqueous solution remains a great challenge. Herein, CDs with both main NIR absorption bands at 720 nm and NIR emission bands at 745 nm in an aqueous solution are fabricated for the first time by fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives under solvothermal treatment. With post‐surface engineering, the polyethyleneimine modified CDs (PEI‐CDs) exhibit enhanced PL quantum yields (PLQY) up to 8.3% and 18.8% in bovine serum albumin aqueous and DMF solutions, which is the highest PLQY of CDs in NIR region under NIR excitation. Density functional theory calculations support the strategy of fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives to achieve NIR emissions from CDs. Compared to the commercial NIR dye Indocyanine green, PEI‐CDs exhibit excellent photostability and much lower cost. Furthermore, the obtained PEI‐CDs illustrate the advantages of remarkable two‐photon NIR angiography and in vivo NIR fluorescence bioimaging. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fusing large conjugated molecules for preparing CDs with strong NIR absorption/emission to promote their bioimaging applications.
How can we estimate optimum fertilizer rates with accuracy and precision?
Authors: Miguez Fernando E. , Poffenbarger Hanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor decades, agronomists have invested time and resources to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) rates for cereal crops. The most common method for estimating the agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) is to design a field experiment with several N fertilizer rates and fit a regression model to the yield observations. Here, we concentrate on its accuracy and precision given choices of experimental design and statistical analysis. Our first finding is that the choice of functional form has a large agronomic effect on the estimate of the AONR, and this depends on the data‐generating model. Our second finding is that improving the precision and accuracy of AONR estimates will demand an increase in the number of N rates and replications. Finally, we propose that using either the best‐fitting model or a weighted model is preferable to always choosing either the linear‐plateau (negative bias) or quadratic‐plateau (positive bias) models.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation: Rational Design, Recent Advances, and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wang Hou , Yu Hanbo , Yi Kaixin , Zhang Wei , Yuan Xingzhong , Huang Jinhui , Deng Yaocheng , Zeng Guangming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogen is widely believed to be a promising fuel to solve the global energy crisis and environmental issues. The catalytic system represented by metal‐supported catalysts is an important process of upgrading the hydrogen source in industry. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which inherit the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, provide a broad prospect for low‐cost H2 production technology. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms in the rational design of SACs, including active sites, coordination configuration, mass loading, heteroatom‐doping, and metal−support interaction. The design strategies of single metal atoms on different supports are reviewed to give a proposal on how to immobilize the atomic active sites and modulate the geometric/electronic structures of SACs. Subsequently, the synergistic effect in SACs and the dynamic evolution of the atomically dispersed heterometal catalysts are introduced, aiming to provide further guidelines for H2 evolution SACs. H2 generation from the water−gas shift reaction and electro‐/photocatalytic water splitting are the main research directions at present. The latest progress of SACs employed in these applications is thoroughly reviewed. At the end of this review, personal perspectives on the prospects and challenges of H2 evolution SACs are put forward, hoping to promote the rapid development of SACs toward superior H2 evolution performance.
Effect of temperature on the growth performance, haematological properties and histomorphology of gill, intestine and liver tissues in juvenile butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus
Authors: Islam Md. Rashedul , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Afrose Farjana , Roy Nirmal Chandra , Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 90‐day long indoor aquarium trial was conducted to assess the consequence of temperature on the growth, blood chemistry and histology of gill, intestine and liver tissues of Ompok bimaculatus juveniles. Homogeneous juveniles were randomly stocked into four different treatments of 20, 35 30 and 25℃ (room temperature as control), and these replications were marked as T20, T30, T35 and T25, respectively. Juvenile fish were fed with commercial diets at 5% body weight three consecutive times a day. Fish in T30 showed significantly higher growth performances and a higher percentage of specific growth rate (SGR%) in comparison to the control group in T25 (p < 0.05). However, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in SGR% were reported between T30 and T35 groups. Haematological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell (WBC) in T20 and T35 compared to control T25. Significantly higher Hb and WBC were observed in T30 among treatments. No significant changes (p > 0.05) in red blood cells (RBC) were observed between T25 and T30, while T20 and T35 showed significantly lower RBC. Histological analyses revealed that the liver and gill tissues were well‐shaped in T30 compared to distinctive pathology in other treatments. Again, the apparent formation of intestinal villi height was highest observed in T30 in comparison to other groups. It is concluded that the highest growth performance and physiological development of butter catfish would be obtained at 30℃ rearing temperatures.
Peptide‐Heterocycle Conjugates as Antifungals Against Cryptococcosis
Authors: Sharma Krishna K. , Sharma Komal , Kudwal Anurag , Khan Shabana I. , Jain Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn last three decades, only one new USFDA approved antifungal drug (echinocandin) was introduced into the clinics. The identification of new scaffolds with novel mechanisms of action is an important goal of current antifungal research. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of heterocycle‐His(2‐aryl)‐Arg‐NHBzl conjugates as a new structural class of peptidomimetics with promising antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50 values ranging between 2.13–14.57 μg mL−1). The most potent analog, quinolinyl‐His(2‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐Arg‐NHBzl (17 f) exhibited IC50 and MIC values of 2.13 and 2.50 μg mL−1, respectively against C. neoformans.
Fast Magic‐Angle‐Spinning NMR Reveals the Evasive Hepatitis B Virus Capsid C‐Terminal Domain**
Authors: Callon Morgane , Malär Alexander A. , Lecoq Lauriane , Dujardin Marie , Fogeron Marie‐Laure , Wang Shishan , Schledorn Maarten , Bauer Thomas , Nassal Michael , Böckmann Anja , Meier Beat H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExperimentally determined protein structures often feature missing domains. One example is the C‐terminal domain (CTD) of the hepatitis B virus capsid protein, a functionally central part of this assembly, crucial in regulating nucleic‐acid interactions, cellular trafficking, nuclear import, particle assembly and maturation. However, its structure remained elusive to all current techniques, including NMR. Here we show that the recently developed proton‐detected fast magic‐angle‐spinning solid‐state NMR at >100 kHz MAS allows one to detect this domain and unveil its structural and dynamic behavior. We describe the experimental framework used and compare the domain's behavior in different capsid states. The developed approaches extend solid‐state NMR observations to residues characterized by large‐amplitude motion on the microsecond timescale, and shall allow one to shed light on other flexible protein domains still lacking their structural and dynamic characterization.