bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The climate change related adaptation and resilience of traditional tradicional dwellings: the case of Yucatan Penisula
Authors: Audefroy Joel , Cabrera Sanchez Bertha Nelly 
Published: February 2022

Mexico has been affected by extreme events such as storms, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires in the past ten years. In this paper, we will attempt to respond to the following questions: What are the climate change effects on the architectural heritage of Maya housing, and what are the adaptation and resilience practices of Maya housing and its environment?
Maya houses have major climate variability adaptation potential. The building of a Maya home is conducted without architects, but with the intensive labor required for the planning, organization, technology and systematic knowledge of the climate on the part of the various artisans involved. These efforts, which we can observe to this day, implied invention, innovation and adaptation, as well as the oral transmission of knowledge for locating and orienting the home, preparing the terrain, seeking out and preparing construction materials, the actual work of building the house and conducting the related construction rituals. There exist various forms of adaptation, among them the form, design, materials and technology used. Here we review the housing’s adaptation and resilience to floods, and both water management and control.
The principal objective of this text is to evaluate the adaptative and resilient processes of Maya housing to the effects of climate change, considering the principal criteria / indicators that might affect the habitat’s internal environment, its constructive structure, the materials and the inhabitant’s comfort, but without changing the Maya house’s basic design patterns.
Urban Conservation in International Charters
Authors: Stoica Ruxandra-Iulia 
Published: February 2022

This paper will present an analytical review of doctrinal texts that have been key for the shaping of integrated urban conservation practice internationally: from the Athens Charter to the Historic Urban Landscape Convention.
The 1931 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments was published at the same time when the Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne was summing up its controversial urbanist ideology in its own Charte d'Athènes of 1933. Whilst the Athens Charter focused on technical aspects of monument restoration, the preceding debate showed a raising interest in historic urban areas. CIAM’s Charter too, despite including a section regarding historic urban areas, limited its recommendations to the protection of individual monuments or ensembles.
Substantial research of historic centres in European countries preceded the first national legislations and international charters targeted specifically at urban areas in 1960s and 70s. Notably, the 1964 Venice International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites finally extended the concepts of restoration and rehabilitation of monuments to protected areas such as historical city centres, recommending expanded heritage protection legislation worldwide. European national legislations followed suit. In 1975, the European Architectural Heritage Year had seen also the first charter promoting the conservation of the historic built environment as a whole.
However, by the end of the 20th century, despite a good number of further doctrinal texts being adopted internationally, and the publication of numerous books, articles and reports touching on the problematic of urban conservation, the paucity of theoretical and conceptual advance of this field remained evident. The delay in giving a sound theoretical structure to the field of urban conservation has been, quite understandably, due to the complexity of the urban environment and the ensuing difficulty of separating out the effects of different variables at work within it.
Charters over the past three decades call for an integration of planning and urban conservation based on an appraisal of the historic urban fabric and its community, an approach which should eventually provide a more sustainable urban development. This means understanding and evaluating the significance of place, on one hand, and drawing out management implications for protecting this significance and identifying opportunities for change, on the other. The 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation goes some way to internationalise the theory and practice that has been developed so far predominantly within the European context.
There are many issues that have been raised through charters over the last hundred years, and many still need a proper theoretical framework that can allow them to be used in practice widely, beyond the places with strong heritage conservation traditions and legislations.
System ochrony zabytków archeologicznych. Pomiędzy teorią a praktyką konserwatorską
Authors: Krawczewska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Początki konserwatorstwa archeologicznego w Polsce to przede wszystkim proces identyfikacji zasobu zabytków i jego inwentaryzacja, będące fundamentalnym wyznacznikiem skutecznej ochrony pozostałości dawnej kultury materialnej człowieka.
W ostatnim czasie pojawienie się w obszarze nauki nieinwazyjnych metod badań i ich wykorzystywanie w archeologii polskiej spowodowało, że dotychczas przeprowadzana inwentaryzacja źródeł archeologicznych powiązana ze żmudnymi standardowymi badaniami terenowymi, może być szybko i spektakularnie wykonywana. O ile potrzeba dzisiaj stosowania nowoczesnych technik badawczych jest niepodważalna i niezbędna w każdej dyscyplinie naukowej, to za nie mniej ważne uważa się niepoprzestawanie wyłącznie na etapie pozyskiwania danych, które przyczyniają się do tworzenia bazy obiektów archeologicznych podlegających ochronie, ale nie przynoszą spodziewanej odpowiedzi na postawione pytanie: jak je chronić?
Podczas zabiegów konserwatorskich inwentaryzacji zabytków archeologicznych rodzą się kolejne pytania: gdzie i jakie są czasowe oraz materialne granice ochrony dziedzictwa archeologicznego? Różnorodność zarejestrowanych przykładów reliktów form terenowych począwszy od śladów dawnej orki, poprzez negatywy historycznych obiektów architektury po linie okopów wojennych czy sporządzone wykazy nowożytnych przedmiotów pozyskanych w toku poszukiwań zabytków wymagają od konserwatora podjęcia właściwych decyzji, które nierzadko wzbudzają skrajne reakcje. Czy zatem ochrona zabytków archeologicznych jest sprawnie wypełniana?
Konserwatorstwo archeologiczne winno być postrzegane jako złożony proces składający się z trzech elementów: „inwentaryzacji, ochrony, zarządzania”, gdzie zarządzanie jest rozumiane pod pojęciem długotrwałych programów konserwatorskich opracowanych dla określonych grup zabytków archeologicznych. Obowiązująca w naszym kraju Ustawa z dnia 23 lipca 2003 r. o ochronie zabytków i opiece nad zabytkami umożliwia zastosowanie szeregu efektywnych działań, jednakże aktualny system ochrony zabytków jest nadal skoncentrowany na „inwentaryzacji” i „ochronie”, a trzeci element „zarządzanie” jest wciąż niezwykle trudny w realizacji.
Fluorescent properties of a cage-shaped molecule composed of tetrakis[4-(4-pyridylphenyl)]ethylene moieties
Authors: Kobukai Chisato , Tadai Momo , Nishimura Tamaki , Hattori Kohei , Nishihara Sadafumi , Okada Shuji , Tatewaki Yoko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A metallosupramolecular cage-shaped compound (TPPE-p) was synthesized by coordination of tetrakis[4-(4-pyridylphenyl)]ethylene (TPPE), obtained by the coupling reaction between tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethene and 4-pyridylboronic acid, with Pt(II) and terephthalate. Although TPPE showed no fluorescence in the solution, weak fluorescence was observed in the TPPE-p solution. When the volume ratio of poor solvent in the TPPE-p solution increased, the fluorescence intensity was dramatically enhanced. The difference in the fluorescence intensities was explained by the degree of intramolecular rotation of the substituents, and TPPE-p was found to show aggregation-induced emission.
Students’ Difficulties in Writing Thesis During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dewi I Gusti Ayu Eka Susanti 
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on education where regulations in schools are increasingly being tightened to prevent the spread of the virus. This causes meeting access to be limited and even full of rules that must be obeyed. This condition certainly affects the data collection process in making a thesis, especially for students who research school. This study aims to find out the difficulties faced by 7th-semester students in writing a thesis during a pandemic. The approach used is qualitative research with in-depth interview techniques in data collection. The data were then analyzed descriptively from the results of the interviews. The results showed that the difficulties faced by students were the difficulty of access and permission to enter schools during the pandemic, the passive participation of research subjects, and the unequal distribution of information. From the result, it can be concluded that those three factors are the difficulties faced by students in writing a thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher suggests conducting research on a larger scale and wider scope to the future researcher. This research is useful in redefining policies and actions that can be taken in overcoming the factors that make it difficult for students to research so that all aspects of education can work together.
Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Spiritualitas Kerja, Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dimoderasi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah
Authors: H. Franky Ari Andriprianto  , Herry Maridjo  
Published: February 2022

Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang berorientasi pada siswa sebagai pusat layanan. Segala sumber daya diarahkan untuk memberikan layanan yang optimal pada siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, kinerja karyawan (guru dan tenaga kependidikan) di sekolah perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh employee engagement, spiritualitas kerja, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan SMA Kolese de Britto. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 73 karyawan yang pengambilannya dengan proportinied clustered random sampling. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan metode SEM-PLS dengan bantuan software SMARTPLS v.3.0. Hasil analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa employee engagement dan spiritualitas kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan, budaya organisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, variabel kepemimpinan kepala sekolah tidak memoderasi pengaruh employee engagement, budaya organisasi, dan spiritualitas kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan
CTPS: PROGRAM SARANA CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN KREATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENTINGNYA KESEHATAN DI DESA BANGKA LEWAT MANGGARAI BARAT
Authors: Jehadus Emilianus , Eufrasia Jeramat  , Maria Vilkanova Yolenta  , Natalia Geofani  , Regina Heni Jelita  
Published: February 2022

The CTPS (Washing Hands with Soap) program was a flagship program from Bangka Village which was created to succeed a West Manggarai government program, namely the STBM (Community-Based Total Sanitation) program. Based on the results of field observations, it appears that the health of the community in Bangka through Village was still very poor. In the sense that the community has not realized the importance of cleanliness and health. In this case, people did not care to wash their hands before eating or after doing housework that makes hands dirty. According to the health department, people in this village should know how to wash their hands properly with soap and water. For this reason, the solution is to present the PKM implementation team to carry out socialization after making the CTPS container by providing an understanding of people's habits of not washing their hands before preparing food, before eating, after defecating, after returning from the fields/gardens, after the children play with the soiland improper hand washing. In implementing this program, the TIM used a method that contains the following stages: (1) Planning of activities to be carried out, (2) Preparation of activities starting with coordinating the Village head and RT head, (3) Implementation of activities, (4) Monitoring and evaluation of activities is carried out. The results show that the people of Bangka Village have begun to realize the importance of health and hygiene and that the community has started to get used to and family members to wash their hands before eating and after urinating and defecating
Augmentation d'ozone troposphérique dans l'hémisphère Nord observée grâce aux mesures Iagos
Authors: Gaudel Audrey , Cooper Owen R. , Chang Kai-Lan , Granier Claire , Thouret Valérie , Nédélec Philippe , Blot Romain , Bourgeois Ilann , Ziemke Jerry R. , Strode Sarah A. , Oman Luke D. , Sellitto Pasquale 
Published: February 2022

L'ozone troposphérique est un gaz à effet de serre, nocif pour la santé humaine, les cultures et la productivité des écosystèmes. Il contrôle la capacité oxydante de la troposphère. Du fait de sa grande variabilité spatiale et temporelle et d'observations en nombre limité, il n'avait pas encore été possible de quantifier les tendances de l'ozone troposphérique dans l'hémisphère Nord sur des échelles de temps de deux décennies. Cette étude montre, grâce à l'infrastructure de recherche Iagos installée à bord d'avions commerciaux, que l'ozone troposphérique a augmenté au-dessus de onze régions de l'hémisphère Nord depuis le milieu des années 1990. Ces observations sont cohérentes avec les observations effectuées par l'instrument OMI/MLS embarqué sur satellite. La modification de la répartition spatiale des émissions anthropiques de précurseurs d'ozone, comme les oxydes d'azote (NOx), a conduit à une augmentation de l'ozone et du forçage radiatif associé au-dessus des 11 régions d'étude, malgré les réductions des émissions de NOx aux latitudes moyennes.
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas, is detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity, and controls the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Because of its high spatial and temporal variability and limited observations, quantifying net tropospheric ozone changes across the Northern Hemisphere on time scales of two decades had not been possible. Here, we show, using 2 decades of observations from the IAGOS Research Infrastructure using commercial aircraft, that tropospheric ozone has increased above 11 regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the mid-1990s, consistent with the OMI/MLS satellite product. The net result of shifting anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions has led to an increase of ozone and its radiative forcing above all 11 study regions of the Northern Hemisphere, despite nitrogen oxides emission reductions at midlatitudes.
Kelayakan Media Video Animasi Powtoon pada Submateri Peran Tumbuhan di Bidang Ekonomi Kelas X SMA dalam Pembuatan Biskuit Pisang Ambon Lumut
Authors: Dewi Sasmita , Daningsih Entin , Titin Titin 
Published: February 2022

Keterbatasan waktu dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk pencapaian kompetensi yang diharapkan menjadi salah satu kendala yang harus disiasati oleh para pendidik. Materi biasanya disampaikan dengan ceramah tanpa memberikan stimulan agar peserta didik dapat mengolah makanan dari tumbuhan disekitarnya. Dalam submateri peran tumbuhan di bidang ekonomi juga diperlukan contoh faktual yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas peserta didik untuk mengoptimalkan tumbuhan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kelayakan media video animasi powtoon pada submateri peran tumbuhan di bidang ekonomi kelas X SMA dalam pembuatan biskuit pisang ambon lumut. Metode penelitian berupa deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis data menggunakan perhitungan RTVTK. Validasi media video animasi powtoon dilakukan oleh tiga orang ahli materi dengan tiga aspek dan tujuh kriteria penilaian serta tiga orang ahli media dengan enam aspek dan 13 kriteria penilaian. Hasil validasi media video animasi powtoon memperoleh nilai RTVTK sebesar 3,57 oleh ahli materi dan 3,62 oleh ahli media. Media video animasi powtoon berdasarkan nilai rata-rata total validasi dinyatakan valid karena memenuhi kriteria kevalidan yaitu 3≤RTVTK≤4 dan menunjukkan media video animasi powtoon layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada submateri peran tumbuhan di bidang ekonomi kelas X SMA. Limited time in the implementation of learning activities for the achievement of competencies that are expected is one of the obstacles that must be addressed by educators. The material is usually delivered with lectures without providing stimulants so that students can process food from the surrounding plants. In submaterial of plant role in economic sector, factual examples that can increase students’ creativity are needed to optimize local plants. This study aimed to determine the eligibility of the powtoon animation video media in the submaterial of plant roles in the economy sector of the class X SMA in the making of ambon lumut banana biscuit. The research method was descriptive quantitative and data analysis using RTVTK calculation. Animation media of powtoon video validation was done by three material experts with three aspects and seven assessment criteria and three media experts with six aspects and 13 assessment criteria. The validation results of animation media of powtoon video obtained an RTVTK score of 3.57 by material experts and 3.62 by media experts. Animation media of powtoon video based on the average total value of validation was valid because it meets the validity criteria, that is 3≤RTVTK≤4 and shows that animation media of powtoon video is suitable for use as a learning media in submaterial of plant role in economic sector of grade X SMA.
Effects of Artemisia Vulgaris Extract on Apoptotic Index and Caspase-8
Authors: Sugiharto Jonathan , Selamat Budijitno  
Published: February 2022

Background. Worldwide incidence of breast cancer is still high. Surgical intervention is mainly used as primary treatment with other supplementary modality such as chemoterapy, radioterapy, and immunotherapy such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study was aimed to analyze the increase in apoptotic effect response of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide on C3H mice model of adenocarcinoma breast cancer provided with Artemisia vulgaris extract.
Methods. This research is a post-test only control group design. Twenty four C3H mice were randomly selected and put into 4 groups: K (control group), P1 (Chemoterapy only), P2 (extract only) and P3 (chemoterapy-extract combination). Breast adenocarcinoma was taken from inoculated donor mice. Chemoterapy regiment of 0.18 mg Adriamycin and 1.8 mg Cyclophosphamide were given in 2 cycles. Thirteen miligrams (0.2 mL) of AV extract was given orally once daily. Apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression were graded with immunohistochemistry stain.
Results. Mean value of p53 and caspase-8 expression in K, P1, P2, P3 groups were 22,06 + 1,73, 37,16 + 1,20, 24,60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19 and 17.16 + 1,28, 26,20 + 1,11, 24.60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in apoptotic index between group K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,035), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001) and for Caspase-8 between K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), K vs P2 (p = 0,048), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,039), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001). We found a significant correlation between apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression. (p = 0,047 and r = 0,883).
Conclusion. Artemisia vulgaris can increase the adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemoterapy effectiveness on C3H Mice Model of Breast Adenocarcinoma.
The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Increased Anxiety of Cancer Survivors of Wijayakusuma Group
Authors: Prima Ian Oscar , Darwito  
Published: February 2022

Background. Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. The increasing number of COVID-19 cases have caused anxiety problems in several countries. Breast cancer patients already have anxiety about their own disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this anxiety might be increased due to the fear of getting infected both in the environment where they live or in the hospital.
Methods. This is a descriptive observative study, on females with history of cancer in the Wijayakusuma group, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java during February – March 2021. Data collected using questionnaire based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) that the question was modified for evaluating anxiety about COVID-19 pandemic in breast cancer patients. Data analyzed using SPSS 23rd version
Results. In this study, the breast cancer patient who not anxious were 19.1%, slightly anxious 35.5%, moderate anxious 23.6%, and severe anxious 21.8%. 74,5% patients feel they must wash their hands more often. 60,9% were worried about possibility of contracting COVID-19 of their members, 49,1% afraid of COVID-19, 50,9% were not afraid about COVID-19, 44,5% feel uncomfortable when think about COVID-19, and 40,9% Feel that COVID-19 is life-threatening.
Conclusion. There was increase of anxiety level. There was a behavioral change in patients where patients wash their hands more often due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pemanfaatan Daun Kelampan Sebagai Biopestisida Dalam Penanggulangan Hama Pada Tanaman Cabai
Authors: Aristina Dian 
Published: February 2022

Kelampan (Cerbera odollam) adalah tanaman yang banyak dijumpai disekitar kita sebagai tanaman penghijauan atau tanaman peneduh. Tanaman Kelampan mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid yang bersifat racun,yaitu cerberin. Cerberin merupakan racun yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas pada serangga. Tanaman cabai termasuk dalam tanaman favorit para petani yang menjanjikan keuntungan dengan harganya yang sering melambung tinggi. Namun serangan hama ulat sering menggangu para petani untuk dapat menghasilkan cabai yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itulah dilakukan penelitian untuk memanfaatkan daun Kelampan sebagai biopestisida dalam penanggulangan hama ulat pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimen di kebun sayur milik salah satu warga di Kec.Kota Besi. Bagian tanaman Kelampan yang digunakan sebagai biopestisida adalah daunnya baik daun kering dan daun basah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyemprotkan ekstrak daun kelampan dengan beberapa varian konsentrasi 100mL/L(v/v),200mL/L (v/v),300 mL/L (v/v) dan 400 mL/L (v/v) pada tanaman cabai yang berumur 15 hari. Pembuatan ekstrak daun kelampan menggunakan bahan yang sederhana sehingga para petani bisa mengaplikasikannya dengan mudah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kelampan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak yang dilihat dari jumlah daun berlubang pada tanaman cabai. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menyempurnakan hasil penelitian ini.