bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF METFORMIN AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS IN THE TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Mushtaq Rabia , Iqbal Sadaf , Abbas Afroza , Iftikhar Bushra , Ahmed Waqas , Afsheen Afeera 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare metformin and oral contraceptive pills in terms of mean change of serum testosterone levels and body mass index in polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha Pakistan, from Apr to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 64 patients presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome between 15-35 years were included. All patients were divided into two groups i.e. group 1 received oral contraceptive pills, and group 2 received metformin. Patients were clinically evaluated at baseline and 6 months after initial presentation to address the primary aim of evaluating the change in mean serum testosterone levels and body mass index after treatment.
Results: The mean age of patients was 20.30 ± 4.92 years. The mean body mass index of patients at presentation was 30.32 ± 2.66 kg/m2. The mean reduction in the level of testosterone in group 1 was 5.14 ± 0.35ng/ml while in group 2 it was 2.58 ± 0.41 ng/ml (p˂ 0.001) which was statistically significant. Mean decrease in body mass index in group 1 was 1.51 ± 0.71 kg/m2 while in group 2 was 1.29 ± 0.46 kg/m2 (p=0.148) which was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Oral contraceptive pills were better than metformin in terms of mean decrease in serum testosterone levels in women presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome while the mean reduction in body mass index in both the groups was similar.
DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF ENDOBRONCHIAL WASHINGS AND BIOPSY IN SMEAR NEGATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CHEST FINDINGS
Authors: Hussain Maryam , Kamran Sultan Mehmood , Azam Rizwan , Khan Asifullah , Ahmed Sohaib , Ali Usman Bin 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine role of endobronchial washings/biopsy in diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate their association with computed tomography findings.
Study Design: Cross-sectional - analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020.
Methodology: Patients having symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and abnormal findings on chest imaging with negative sputum smears for acid fast bacilli were selected for endobronchial washings. Bronchoscopy for washings was carried out in these patients and sample was sent for Acid fast bacilli stain, Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene Xpert and acid fast bacilli culture and sensitivity bacterial culture and fungal hyphae. In case of mass lung endobronchial and/or transbronchial lung biopsy was done and sample was sent for histopathology Active pulmonary tuberculosis was labelled as per definition.
Results: Out of 105, 75 (71.4%) were male and 30 (28.6%) were female. Mean age was 55.69 ± 17.33 years. Total 40 (38.09%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (based on smear, genexpert, culture and histopathology). In these 40 patients, computed tomographic findings showed consolidation in 10 (25%) cases, cavity in 7 (17.5%), bronchiectasis in 3 (7.5%), mass in 1 (2.5%), pleural effusion in 2 (5%), lymphadenopathy in 1 (2.5%) and tree-in-budappearance in 12 (30%) cases.
Conclusion: High resolution computed tomography and endobronchial washing both combined together increase the diagnostic yield in smear negative cases.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CARBAMAZEPINE VERSUS TOPIRAMATE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Authors: Tariq Ramish , Janjua Omer Sefvan , Mehmood Sana , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Zafar Khurram Jah , Hameed Saad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Carbamazepine versus Topiramate for the management of trigeminal neuralgia.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Pakistan, from Nov 2017 to Nov 2018.
Methodology: A total of 60 patients (30 in each group) were included. Group A was treated with Carbamazepine 100mg TDS and group B with Topiramate 25mg TDS. Visual analogue scale was used to access pain and was calculated at 1st visit (baseline), at 7th day, at 14th day and at 28th day.
Results: Out of 60 patients, mean of age was 54.78 ± 8.49 years. Right and left side of the face was involved in 41 (68.3%) and 19 (31.7%) patients respectively. Maxillary branch was involved in 24 (40%) and mandibular branch was involved in 36 (60%) patients. The mean of visual analogue scale after 7 days in group A was 4.53 ± 0.93 and in group B was 7.1 ± 1.07, after 14 days mean of visual analogue scale in group A was 3.7 ± 1.02 and in group B was 4.03 ± 1.27. Mean of visual analogue scale after 28 days in group A was 3.27 ± 1.01 3.93 ± 1.28. The results were statistically significant with p-value of 0.03.
Conclusion: Topiramate has comparable efficacy as that of Carbamazepine at dose of 75-100mg with lesser side effects. So Topiramate can be used as first line of treatment in trigeminal neuralgia.
OUTCOMES OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN DIFFERENT GRADES OF GALL BLADDER INFLAMMATION A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ali Amir , Syed Mukarram Hussain , Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Aslam Farheen , Ahmad Gufran , Akbar Afnan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gall bladders with all grades peri-operative inflammation.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2018 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: All patients with symptomatic gall bladder disease who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (emergency/elective procedure) and American Anesthesiology Society (ASA) Score 1 or 2 were included in the study.
Results: A total of 330 patients with a mean ± SD age of 48.01 ± 14.13 years underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Out of 330 patients, 129 (39.1%) had acute inflammation of gall bladder while 201 (69.9%) cases were operated electively. The rate of conversion and complications were somehow lesser in both categories as the overall conversion rate was 15 (4.5%).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones. Moreover, it is safe option in acute and chronic inflammation of Gall bladder if performed by a experienced laparoscopic surgeon.
EFFECTS OF LUMBAR SNAG AND MECHANICAL TRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH DISCOGENIC LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY
Authors: Ahmed Muzammal , Anwar Naveed , Tauqeer Sana , Khalid Kehkhshan , Shakeel Hammad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of lumbar sustained natural apophyseal glide and Mechanical Traction in patients with discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Kanaan Physiotherapy and Spine Clinic, from Mar to Sep 2020.
Methodology: A total of 44 patients were included in study in 2 groups of 22 each. Patients between ages 30-60 years having chronic radiating pain in one or both legs, patients with minimum of 25 score out of 100, on low back pain index and patients having radiculopathy were included. Exclusion criteria were history of low back pain treatment in last 90. Complications such as cancer, spine pathology and joint disease. Dice roll method was used for group allocation. Group classification was as group 1, sustained natural apophyseal glide group, and group 2, mechanical traction group. NPRS and oswestry disability index were used. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 21.
Results: There is statistically significant improvement in pain as mean post treatment value for sustained natural apophyseal glide group is 2.55 ± 1.503 and for mechanical traction group is 4.05 ± 1.864, oswestry disability index and shober test results in sustained natural apophyseal glide group were also significant as compared to mechanical traction with p-value <0.05. Although pain was also decreased in mechanical traction group patients but overall sustained natural apophyseal glides were more effective.
Conclusion: Sustained natural apophyseal glide are more effective in the treatment of lumber radiculopathy patients as compared to mechanical traction. Further studies.............
MEAN PLATELET VOLUME AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER FOR RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Tasneem Asma , Naeem Samina , Din Nasir Ud , Robert Helen Mary , Farid Maria , Niazi M. Khizar 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the association of mean platelet volume with diabetic retinopathy in our population.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology & Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jul to Dec 2020.
Methodology: A total of 146 known patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. They included 78 patients with diabetic retinopathy (group 1) and 68 without diabetic retinopathy (group 2). Five (5ml) of whole blood was extracted from patients through clean venipuncture in a tube containing EDTA and mean platelet volume was generated through automated haematological analyzer Sysmex KX-21 and HbA1c was generated through automated analyzer Cobas c501.
Result: A total of 146 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The age of patients ranged from 25-70 years (Mean age: 53.3 ± 0.02 years). Out of 146 patients 66 (45.2%) were males and 80 (54.8%) were females. Among patients with type 2 diabetes 78 (53.4%) has retinopathy while 68 (46.6%) have no retinopathy. A statistically significant difference (p<0.005) was observed in mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width among patients with retinopathy to those without retinopathy.
Conclusion: Mean platelet volume plays a significant role in the determination of retinopathy with type 2 diabetes and helps to monitor progression of disease.
COMPARISON OF EMERGENCY SURGERIES UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH PRE-COVID PERIOD IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Kashif Sanum , Khan Taimur Azam , Parveen Naheed , Khan Najm Us Saqib , Ahmed Saad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare emergency surgeries under spinal anesthesia in COVID-19 pandemic with pre-COVID period in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Main Operation Theatre, Frontier Corps Hospital Quetta, from Mar to May 2020.
Methodology: All emergency surgeries done under Spinal Anesthesia, were compared to emergency cases done in the preCOVID period. Anesthesia notes were reviewed. Emergency cases done under general anesthesia and personal protective equipment worn were also noted. Ages of the patients were from 18-75 years. Spinal anesthesia was performed by consultant anesthesiologist.
Result: Among total cases, 260 emergency cases were performed in the main operation theatre during the 3 months of preCOVID period as compared to only 89 cases in the 3 months duration of COVID-19. Spinal anesthesia was used in 154 (59.2%) cases in the pre-COVID study period, while in COVID-19 pandemic 77 (86.5%) emergency cases were performed under spinal anesthesia.
Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia has a significant role in the surgical management of patients in pre-COVID and especially in COVID pandemic. It provides high-quality perioperative care for patients whilst minimizing exposure to staff and utilization of scarce resources of personal protective equipment.
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUMON RENAL TUBULAR NECROSIS INDUCED BY NANDROLONE DECANOATE IN MICE MODEL
Authors: Ali Humaira , Ali Liaqat , Shaukat Sadia , Yousaf Maria , Umbreen Faiza , Zakria Iram 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To observe the effects of nandrolone decanoateon renal tubules and its protection by punicagranatum (pomegranate) in mice.
Study Design: Lab based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: One year in Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in association with National Institution of Health, Islamabad.
Methodology: Forty healthy BALB/c mice of both sexes with weight range of 2 5-30gms were equally disseminated into four groups, A as control while B, C and D as trial groups. Three trial groups were inoculated Nandrolone Decanoate 1mg per 100gm of body weight, through intramuscular injections in the hind limb, once weekly for eight weeks. Pomegranate nector was administered in animals of trial group C (3ml per kg of body weight) en route oral gavage tube daily, whereas animals in trial group D was administered pomegranate peel extract (200mg per kg body weight) via oral gavage tube daily for eight weeks. Evaluation of the outcomes of trial groups B, C & D was done amongst them and with control group A.
Results: In nandrolone decanoate injected experimental group B, tubular necrosis were appreciated in comparison with control group A (p˂ 0.001), and showed statistical improvement when evaluation was done with pomegranate nectar and pomegranate peel extract treated trial groups C (0.001) and D (p=0.001), correspondingly.
Conclusion: Punicagranatum in two forms, as nectar and peel extract, has almost identical curative effects on steroid administered renal tubular mutilation.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA AMONG TRAUMA PATIENTS ADMITTED IN ICU: FREQUENCY AND RELATIONSHIP WITH OUTCOME
Authors: Farukh Aamir , Ahmad Ejaz , Baig Zahid Farooq , Siddique Umair Ahmad , Tareen Tariq Bashir , Khan Aslam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of thrombocytopenia among the patients of trauma at an intensive care unit and to look for its relationship and other socio-demographic factors with the outcome.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Care Unit, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Mar to Aug 2017.
Methodology: Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count of <150,000/μl and was performed on the fifth day of admission in the Intensive Care Unit. Age, gender, presence of thrombocytopenia, history of platelet transfusion, and length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit were correlated with the outcome in our study population.
Results: A total of 107 patients admitted to intensive care unit with traumatic injuries during the study period were included in analysis. Mean age of the patients was 37.93 ± 6.697 years. Thrombocytopenia developed in 35 (32.7%) of the patients while 72 (67.3%) had normal platelet count. Less than 18% patients died in the intensive care unit. Long duration of Intensive Care Unit stay and presence of thrombocytopenia were statistically significantly associated (p<0.05) with the presence of poor outcome in our sample population.
Conclusion: Frequency of thrombocytopenia was high among patients admitted with trauma in intensive care unit and was also related to poor outcome in these patients.
LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLD AGED PEOPLE ATTENDING FAUJI FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
Authors: Riaz Mehwish , Sultana Abida , Tariq Aisha 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine life satisfaction in old age people attending Fauji Foundation Hospital and to assess relationship of socio-demographic variables on life satisfaction of old aged people.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from Feb to Aug 2018.
Methodology: A total of 347 individuals were included by using non-probability consecutive sampling. The participants of the 60 years or more attending Fauji foundation hospital, being mentally sound and having comprehensive under-standing without hearing aid were included in the study. Questionnaire was given to respondents including demographic profile and Urdu version of Life Satisfaction Scale for assessing the life satisfaction in old age.
Results: The total sample mean life satisfaction score was 14.95 ± 6.54. 5 (1.5%) people were extremely satisfied, 27 (8.4%) were satisfied, 117 (36 %) were dissatisfied and 63 (19.1%) were extremely dissatisfied.
Conclusion: Life satisfaction was found statistically significant with female gender, older age 70-80 years, being un married, primary education, monthly income of less than 10,000 and being unemployed.
EFFECTIVENESS OF KINESIOLOGICAL TAPE IN MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME OF GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE
Authors: Gill Riffat Asghar , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Khalid Kehkshan , Anwar Naveed 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To see the effectiveness of kinesiological tape in myofascial pain syndrome of gastrocnemius muscle for the early recovery after injury and thus increase functional outcome.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: National cricket academy Lahore and Sports and Spine Professional’s Clinic, Defense Phase-IV Lahore Pakistan, from Aug 2017 to Oct 2017.
Methodology: Consecutive sampling technique was used to enrol the patients of myofascial pain syndrome based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were selected and the kinesiological tape was applied thrice a week for two consecutive weeks. the patient was then re-evaluated after every two days of previous kinesiological tape application in terms of the visual Analogue Scale.
Results: It was observed that kinesiological tape had a significant effect on pain reduction of the myofascial pain syndrome of the gastrocnemius muscle (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction of pain level after application of Kinesio tape till 4th application with pre-treatment means 6.70 ± 1.45 that was reduced to 2.98 ± 2.24 in post-treatment (p<0.05). In addition, there was no significant reduction of pain between the 5th and 6th application with mean for the 6th session as 2.96 ± 2.27 (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The Kinesiological tape has a significant effect on pain reduction of gastrocnemius muscle suffering from myofascial pain syndrome. The application of kinesiological tape has maximum effect up to its 4th application. After 5th session of taping, the effect was almost constant.
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HYPONATREMIA AS A PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR IN LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN PAEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Hamid Naila , Shafique Muhammad Faisal , . Qamar-uz-Zaman , Niaz Hafza 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the serum sodium levels in patients of lower respiratory tract infections admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit with their prognosis.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2018.
Methodology: Eighty patients suffering from lower respiratory tract infections who were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit were selected at consecutive sampling. The outcome was recorded in the form of discharge or mortality. Serum sodium was done at the time of admission and then periodically after every 24-48 hours. The Association of patients’ serum sodium with their prognosis was studied using chi-square test and p-value was calculated.
Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in our study out of which 50 (62.50%) were males and 30 (37.50%) were females. Out of the total, 48 patients suffered from hyponatremia. These 48 patients had a mean serum sodium concentration of 131.24 ± 3.31 mEq/L. The mean age of patients suffering from hyponatremia was 5.78 ± 3.4 years. Mortality occurred in 5 (80.12%) of patients suffering from severe hyponatremia.
Conclusion: There was a significant association of hyponatremia with mortality in children admitted in paediatric intensive care settings with lower respiratory tract infections. Therefore, proper management hence correction of serum sodium levels can improve survival in, particularly children admitted in a pediatric intensive care setting.
ATTITUDE OF CLINICIANS TOWARDS CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN PROSTHODONTICS
Authors: Khan Danish Azeem , Azad Azad Ali , Aslam Ayesha , Ishfaque Qamar 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the attitude of resident and consultant Prosthodontists towards clinical decision-making in complete denture prosthodontics
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: Fifty trainee and consultant prosthodontists from all over the country were included in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 10 questions aimed at assessing the approach towards clinical decision-making in complete denture prosthodontics was circulated among the study subjects using Google Forms. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: Around 20 (40%) prosthodontists regarded patient’s personal values and preferences to be “very important” in clinical decision-making in contrast to their own values. Most of the clinicians 47 (94%) believed their patients were quite satisfied with them and around 31 (62%) prosthodontists believed that “choice of the best treatment results from negotiation between patients and clinicians after they have shared technical information as well as their values and preferences about the options”. No significant difference was observed in choice of response between males and females or between prosthodontists with varying clinical experience for any of the questions asked (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Prosthodontists participating in the present study demonstrated a positive attitude towards shared decisionmaking in complete denture prosthodontics. No differences were observed between males and females in terms of attitude towards shared decision-making practices.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE AND LOW DOSE PREGABALIN AS PREMEDICATION ON PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY AND SEDATION LEVELS
Authors: Zafar Ayman , Farhat Kulsoom , Saeed Mobasher Ahmed , Khan Waqar Aslam , Ali Shabana , Ata Nausheen 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the role of pregabalin as premedication for preoperative sedation & anxiolysis with two different doses in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized control study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Department of Anesthesiology, CMH, Rawalpindi from February 2019 to July 2019.
Patients & Methods: 96 patients of either gender, aged between 18 to 60 years with ASA grade I-II, undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups having 32 patients each. Group 1 received oral placebo drug, Group 2 received oral pregabalin 150 mg, whereas Group 3 received oral pregabalin 300mg with sip of water 90 mins before the induction of general anesthesia. The effects of drugs on the patient’s level of sedation and anxiety were evaluated at baseline and before the induction of anesthesia using Ramsay Sedation Score and Beck Anxiety Inventory respectively.
Results: Premedication with pregabalin 150mg and 300mg significantly produced sedation as compared to placebo. Though, pregabalin 300mg exhibited more sedation than pregabalin 150mg but the difference between them was statistically insignificant (p >0.05). Preoperative administration of pregabalin was related with anxiolysis, with the most prominent results shown by pregabalin 300mg (p <0.05) whereas pregabalin 150mg couldn’t alleviate anxiety and the results were statistically insignificant (p >0.05).
Conclusions: Premedication with pregabalin 300mg, 90 mins before the induction of general anesthesia is an effective regimen to alleviate preoperative anxiety and sedation.