bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Real Tea: Language at the Intersections
Authors: miles-hercules deandre 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses intersectionality primarily in its application to scholarship on language, gender, and sexuality. Focusing on its purpose in conceptualizing the multiplicative effects of overlapping systems of oppression on individuals’ experiences, the chapter outlines major features of the theory and exemplar case studies. The chapter builds on previous Black feminist scholarship (or rather, Blackfemme(inist) scholarship) to explore how semantic bleaching has shifted understandings of intersectionality in public and academic discourse over time. Contending that the process is undergirded by a failure to engage with the architecture of race and racism, the chapter demonstrates how neoliberal conceptualizations of identity obstruct intersectional analyses of systemic oppression. A review of sociocultural linguistic scholarship on race, gender, and sexuality surveys representative work in the area. Adding to that line of research, the chapter examines the linguistic construction of Blackqueerness and concludes by suggesting a number of ways to “integrate” intersectionality more fully into the fold of language, gender, and sexuality research.
Practical Knowledge and Testimony
Authors: Roessler Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Statements purporting to convey practical knowledge in Anscombe’s sense are subject to two distinctive kinds of error: errors in performance and (less familiarly, but no less importantly) errors of practical judgement. I argue that reflection on these kinds of errors sheds light both on the nature of practical knowledge and on the status of Anscombe’s account of it. Briefly: practical knowledge is knowledge we ordinarily find intelligible (partly) in the light of the agent’s non-defective exercise of practical judgement. And Anscombe’s account is not primarily designed to make practical knowledge intelligible to philosophers but to make explicit how such knowledge is seen as intelligible—and claims to such knowledge are seen to be justifiable—by those who are engaged in the practice of sharing it. I go on to consider how this interpretation bears on the disagreement between Anscombe’s view and what she calls a ‘contemplative’ conception of knowledge.
The Knowledge of Human Dignity
Authors: Lott Micah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter brings together a number of Anscombe’s ideas concerning our knowledge of human dignity. It begins with Anscombe’s account of the connatural knowledge of dignity. Next it considers her claim that human dignity is the dignity of human nature, and her understanding of human nature as spirit. It then turns to her notion that human beings have ‘mystical value’ and to the role of theology and religious feeling in understanding human dignity. Finally, the chapter considers the idea that human dignity calls for respect of a specifically directed sort: respect we owe to every human being. Anscombe does not discuss this idea in detail, but the chapter explores the connections between directed duties, human rights, and natural justice. At first sight, there is a conflict between an ideal of natural justice and Anscombe’s conventionalism about rights and duties. But this conflict may be merely apparent.
Anscombe and Sexual Ethics
Authors: Richter Duncan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anscombe’s views on sexual ethics have been widely criticised. The goal of this chapter is to think about what she might have said instead, if we take some of these criticisms seriously. So far as Anscombe was Catholic there is not much room for her to have thought anything else than she did about homosexuality and contraception, which are the chapter’s main focus, but her faith was not blind, and she offered reasoned defences of her sexual morals. To the extent that her defence of these positions fails, then, she ought to have had other options available to her. The chapter first reviews her positions, the defence she offers of them, and the criticisms that have been aimed at them. It then evaluates the strongest of these criticisms and considers what plausible positions are left to those who would follow Anscombe as far as reason allows. These positions include that of D. H. Lawrence, whose position is not wholly different from the view that Anscombe favours. If we are not prepared to go as far from Christianity as Lawrence, then we might prefer the rhetorically gentler version of Catholic teaching offered by Pope Francis and Father James Martin, SJ. Or, of course, we might prefer something much more liberal or, like Anscombe’s view, more conservative. The main concern of this chapter, though, is to bring out possible shortcomings in Anscombe’s position and to look for possible alternatives that are not too distant from hers.
The First Person, Self-Consciousness, and Action
Authors: Aucouturier Valérie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In her 1975 paper ‘The First Person’, Elizabeth Anscombe chooses a special type of example to illustrate the claim that I-thoughts are ‘subjectless’, i.e., that first-person sentences do not predicate something of an identified subject. This chapter explores the reasons behind this choice of ‘Anscombianly-preferred examples’ of ‘actions, postures, movements and intended actions’, as opposed to what Anscombe herself calls ‘Cartesianly-preferred examples’, which are ‘far removed in their descriptions from the descriptions of the proceedings, etc., of a person in which they might be verified’. This chapter’s hypothesis is that this choice of examples to characterise ‘self-consciousness’—understood as ‘something manifested by the use of “I” ’, granted that ‘I’ is ‘not a name’ everyone uses ‘to speak only of himself’—may shed light on the role of ‘self-consciousness’ in intentional action, and more specifically in practical knowledge. In other words, rather than reading ‘The First Person’, as it usually is, as a paper on the mere logic of the first-person pronoun which defends the provocative thesis that ‘I’ is non-referential, this chapter reads it as an extension of Intention focused on the philosophical concept of ‘self-consciousness’ which is key to our understanding of practical knowledge and intentional action. To do so, the chapter distinguishes three kinds of examples of uses of ‘I’ which manifest self-consciousness in various ways, and it concludes with some remarks on the special role of self-consciousness in intentional action as distinguished from its role in self-knowledge.
The First Person and ‘The First Person’
Authors: Noonan Harold 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In ‘The First Person’ Anscombe argues that ‘I’ is not a referring expression: ‘I’ is neither a name nor another kind of expression whose logical role is to make a reference, at all. Her no-reference thesis has met with general incredulity. This chapter examines Anscombe’s argument and concludes, with the majority of commentators, that she is wrong to maintain this thesis. ‘I’ is a referring expression and should be grouped specifically with the pure or automatic indexicals, including ‘here’ and ‘now.’ But it is a consequence that self-reference (i.e., the self-conscious and successful use of ‘I’) need not involve what she describes as ‘the connection of what is understood by a predicate with a distinctly conceived subject.’ That is, in intending to refer to themselves (to use ‘I’ in accordance with its customary meaning) speakers need not form an intention to refer to the such-and-such, when ‘such-and-such’ provides an identification of the speaker, which singles out the speaker from everything else. It is a further consequence that ‘I’ is not guaranteed a reference and that a thinker of an ‘I’-thought need not be the reference of the thought even if there is one. In arguing these points, the chapter follows Evans and will appeal to work by Snowdon and Lewis. To a considerable extent this vindicates Anscombe.
Cities and Towns in Medieval Central Europe
Authors: Szende Katalin , Schmieder Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies cities and towns in medieval Central Europe. In the Middle Ages, the lands of Central Europe experienced two decisive transformations: first, the foundation of monarchies and Christianization between the eighth and the eleventh centuries, and second, social and economic changes in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. These were also the strongest catalysts for the development of “old centers” and “new towns,” respectively. The early centuries of urbanization were dominated by the Church and princely or royal initiatives; old centers were above all hubs of administrative (secular and ecclesiastic) and military power; their economic functions followed from these roles. Over the thirteenth century, this urban network underwent fundamental changes, to a great extent due to the arrival of new settlers, so that new towns developed into centers of regional and long-distance trade and production. The settlers followed ius Theutonicum—a flexible juridical concept created to accommodate newcomers’ immunities and obligations in areas that were not under the tight control of the Holy Roman Empire.
Geography, Natural Resources, and Environment
Authors: Vadas András 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a brief geographical sketch of Central Europe with special attention to the natural resources that were instrumental in the development of Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary. The geography of Central Europe is a conglomeration of different landscapes and geomorphological features that were all important in the economic development of the individual polities in the region and allowed connections between these polities and other areas of Eurasia. While the main geographical features have changed little over time, the chapter focuses on the period of state formation processes in these countries, that is, from the tenth century to the middle of the sixteenth century. The tenth century was important because it was the time when the basic features of medieval economies started to take shape in the polities and the sixteenth century is the period when the Habsburgs took power in both Bohemia and Hungary. Hungary’s political map was completely redrawn by the Ottoman occupation, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth came into existence. All these developments caused major transformations in the regional economies, impacting the resource use in all these countries.
The Central European States
Authors: Burkhardt Julia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents examples of political community in Central Europe and its legitimization during the High Medieval period as kingdoms or early-modern Ständenstaat. During the High and Late Middle Ages, Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary were politically organized into monarchies. The process of state formation went hand in hand with a dynamic development of political ideas and thought. While at first the king was regarded as the main legitimate source and representative of political rule, a slow shift to the principle of elective monarchy opened the path to consensual politics. The growing influence of the “political community” (later institutionalized as the Stände) was accompanied by definitions of legitimate modes of power representation and the codification of common law. During recent decades, scholarly debates about political history in the Middle Ages in general, and especially in Central Europe, have undergone essential changes. These “turns” had much to do with influence from neighboring disciplines like social and economic history, studies on symbolic communication and rituals, the history of religion and cults, and, of course, the history of orality/literacy and historiography.
Cooperation and Conflict in Diplomacy and War within and around Central Europe
Authors: Schwedler Gerald , Figurski Paweł , Veszprémy László , Filipović Emir O. , Raffensperger Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses cooperation and conflict in diplomacy and war in and around Central Europe. Cooperation and conflict are among the most distinctive themes in the history of pre-modern Central Europe, forms of socio-political and cultural interplay that shaped the developments of small- and large-scale polities between the decline of the Classical Roman Empire and the emergence of the nation state in Modern times. The various forms and extent of cooperation and conflict in Central Europe relate to a diversity of ethnicities, political identities, traditions, religions, and cultural differences which still have political consequences today. Yet while the region was densely populated and economically interconnected, emerging conflicts rooted in, at time, the troublesome organization of coexistence, were resolved through a vast range of means that extended from consensual diplomacy to articulated war. The chapter then reviews the forms of Christianity and relations its processes formatted in the Slavic Balkans; discusses dynastic attitudes to the crown in medieval Poland; looks at approaches to religious controversies, such as the Hussites; and considers the processes of separation, interconnectedness, and othering in the Slavic East.
Settler Colonialism in the Eastern Cape and beyond, 1800–1880s
Authors: Mager Anne Kelk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive survey and historiography of the construction of settler colonialism through the conquest of the Khoekhoe, amaXhosa, and abaThembu in the Eastern Cape. The chapter begins with a discussion of the notion of frontier in South African historiography. It charts the eastward movement of trekboers, and shows how the dispossession of land through successive frontier wars enabled the recruitment of British and German settlers in the 1820s and 1840s. The chapter critiques the narrative of “empty land” used to justify settler recruitment and explores the uneven development of capitalism and stratification among settlers in the nineteenth century. It examines the making of race, and the emergence of a Coloured identity in the struggles of the Kat River Settlement and explores the disconnect between indigenous and Nguni notions of work and the racial labor regulations imposed by the Masters and Servants Act (Act 15 of 1856). It highlights how the convergence of settler, government, and missionary attitudes to gendered culture facilitated a process of colonial othering of the amaXhosa, abaThembu, Khoekhoe, and people of mixed heritage. It concludes by suggesting that traces of these pasts remain visible in the present. The chapter identifies gaps in the literature and calls for the opening of new lines of inquiry.
Race and the Making of South African Christianity
Authors: Elbourne Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The question of race and the making of South African Christianity brings into conversation two-fluid ideas historically seen as rigid, the boundaries of which were defended with anxiety and cruel rigor throughout much of modern South African history. This essay discusses how South African Christianity was forged in the crucible of conflict that was often between groups seen as different “races,” how the racial identity and the state enforcement of racial identity shaped the social practice of Christianity, and how racial conflict was reflected in diverse conceptions of Christianity. At the same time, Christianity was mobilized across the lines of the race to a variety of ends, including attacking racism. The essay necessarily cuts across the boundaries of the nation, including both regional and transnational trends. Some specific topics covered include race and Christianity among white settlers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; labor and religious identity; the uses of Christianity by the dispossessed; missions and colonialism; religion and ethnogenesis; the development of African Christian communities; Ethiopianism and the revolt of Black preachers; the African Independent Church movement; and the use of Christianity both to defend and attack apartheid. I consider Christianity in terms of communities and institutions but also in terms of ideas, from prophetic beliefs to the defense of apartheid. The essay argues that diverse racialized communities helped create different forms of Christianity, just as debates about race and efforts to reach across racial divides were also critical defining features of South African Christianity.
The Dynamics of Banking and Insurance
Authors: Haueter Niels Viggo , Altamura Carlo Edoardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Banking and insurance share an origin but have distinct evolutionary paths. First, this chapter traces the history of both sectors from their shared origins to the transformations brought by industrialization, crises, and state regulation. Then the chapter compares the dynamics in both industries focusing on risk, regulation, and societal and technological changes. Managing risk is the main dynamic that shaped both banking and insurance from the very start. Regulation introduced external risk management and turned out to be the single most influential dynamic. Shifts in social strata significantly shaped product offerings and uptake from the 18th century on, as lower-income households became able to save up. Recently, digital access further ‘democratized’ financial services. In the final part, the chapter assesses the future of the insurance and banking industry in light of the dramatic changes of the early 21st century, suggesting that the traditional distinction between the two is becoming less useful. This is not so much due to their convergence but to the addition of alternative providers both from within and from outside the financial sector.
Economic Geographies of Industrial Change
Authors: Panitz Robert , Glückler Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Industrial and geographical dynamics are interrelated. This chapter focuses on how scholars in the field of economic geography analyse the spatial dynamics of industrial change. Whereas traditional approaches have analysed industrial change through static and cyclical frameworks, contemporary theory endorses the evolutionary and institutional nature of the spatial processes that characterizes industrial dynamics. These processes range from local agglomeration and specialization to global connectivity and interdependence regarding particular divisions of labour in production and trade. The comparative case studies on global stock photography and the effect of Brexit on financial services in Europe are used to assess whether and how seemingly disruptive changes, such as digital technology or political and regulatory reforms, transform the underlying economic geographies of these industries. The almost unpredictable nature of industrial change underscores the need for context-sensitive, path-dependent, and contingent relational approaches to capture current industrial shifts due to globalization, digitization, sustainabilization, and servitization.
“Here, Performance Art is Performance Art”
Authors: Sasse Sylvia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the emergence of performance art, action art, and happenings in the Soviet underground since the 1960s. The main question is how a genre that was considered Western and aesthetically suspect was able to arise in the first place. The chapter shows how acting in the underground led, on the one hand, to an art of subversive action that worked primarily with techniques of subversive mimicry, camouflage, and reutilization. On the other hand, the chapter argues thar the work in the underground produced a high degree of self-reflection, which had as its object the “appearance” of the genre and the self-presentation of the artists themselves.
A Picaresque Parrot and Decent Domesticity
Authors: Sommer Doris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Latin America fell in love with itself after the Revolutions of Independence, thanks to self-liberated heroes who courted heroines of various colors and classes and became mutually authorizing citizens. As new countries took shape and constructed institutions, the intense engagement and optimism created, among other foundations, a canon of national romances. Authors of national novels were typically founding fathers who helped to consolidate their new republics during the promising generation for democratic institutions, roughly between the 1850s and 1880s. Legislators, generals, or diplomats by day, they were creative writers by night. The novels projected a path toward harmony and growth through the language of love. Old World tyranny had ended, and people were free to husband the land. Husbands needed equally admirable wives to produce new generations of citizens. But before the passionate military and marital conquests, before romance named the mood and the genre of novel experiments, an ironic Baroque adventure story captured the folly of colonial posturing that passed for elegance; it also indicted the passionate resistance that would soon erupt.
Jane Addams and Richard Rorty
Authors: Voparil Chris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter places the ideas of Jane Addams and Richard Rorty into constructive dialogue revealing common appeals to sentiment, sympathetic knowledge, and meliorism in their ethics. When read together a distinctive contribution to pragmatist social ethics emerges. Specifically, they merge the epistemic and ethical, holding that knowledge of others is predicated on a sympathetic affective orientation, and focus their melioristic practices toward the marginalized. They align in advocating a suite of melioristic practices that remains attentive to the limits and barriers all projects of social ethics face: forging democratic relations with those who have been marginalized or excluded from our community, mitigating egotism and its attendant self-certitude, and advancing mechanisms for deprivileging those at the top of undemocratic relational hierarchies. Taken together, Addams and Rorty help us better orient the practice of social justice to overcome the ethical and epistemic obstacles faced in this quest. For them, social justice is unattainable without both extending ethical ties via sympathy and fostering epistemic resources of shared knowledge and understanding. Putting Addams and Rorty into constructive dialogue also offers crucial remedies for problems of echo chambers and the fragmentation of communities that currently beset democratic communities in our “post-truth” condition.
Jane Addams and William James on Sport and Recreation
Authors: Tarver Erin C. , Sullivan Shannon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter contrasts Jane Addams’s analysis of the social significance of recreation and sport with William James’s examination of sport and physical activity to bring out the value of their accounts for philosophy of sport. Synthesizing Addams’s writings on recreation and practice of sports at Hull House with James’s essays “The Gospel of Relaxation” and “The Energies of Men,” this contribution argues that Addams’s theory and practice of recreation provide an important corrective to James’s assessment of the moral and psychological value of physical activity. In particular, it argues that Addams’s emphasis on the social goods of sport and her concern about the lack of sporting opportunities for young women illuminate the limitations of James’s advocacy of an individually focused relaxation via sport as the cure for what ails contemporary Americans. The chapter also demonstrates the different values that Addams and James allot to sport. Although both appear to speak positively of sport, its value for James is merely to eliminate a negative form of energy, whereas its value for Addams is to build positive interpersonal connections and communities.