bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Methods in Migration Research
Authors: Salamońska Justyna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter engages with social surveys and experimental research as examples of quantitative approaches to studying migration. Surveys have been a much more popular choice among migration researchers than experiments, but it is the juxtaposition of the two types of research that highlights their specificities, advantages, and limitations. Further, the chapter discusses in more detail two topics: cross-national designs and longitudinal data. Cross-national and longitudinal studies are not the most prevalent, but they are perhaps the most challenging in quantitative research on migration and important because of the particular insights they can offer. Necessarily, quantitative methods in migration research cover a broader range of issues that this chapter will address. However—with non-specialist language for non-quantitative researchers—this chapter will aim to gently introduce the described topics whilst pointing to literature for further exploration.
How to Predict Future Migration: Different Methods Explained and Compared
Authors: de Valk Helga A. G. , Acostamadiedo Eduardo , Guan Qing , Melde Susanne , Mooyaart Jarl , Sohst Rhea Ravenna , Tjaden Jasper 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow many people will likely move in the decades to come? And where will they come from and move to? Policymakers worldwide have a keen interest in these questions. While long-term developments in international migration patterns are relevant for the demography and economy of a country, sudden flows—for example, in the case of humanitarian emergencies—pose institutional challenges regarding reception capacities, health systems, housing, education, and training programs amongst others. This chapter reviews key concepts related to migration scenarios and forecasting. It outlines different qualitative and quantitative approaches, compares different studies, and discusses the potential use of various techniques for academic and policy audiences.
Migration Forms: What Forms of Migration Can Be Distinguished?
Authors: Talleraas Cathrine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the question: whatformsof migration can be distinguished? This topic is closely tied to the issues addressed in the previous chapters, concerning why and how people migrate. Central to the discourse on migration forms—also called categories, types, or flows—lies another important question: whoaremigrants? This chapter dives into these questions. While the topic of migrant typologies itself would merit its own full-fledged analysis, this is beyond the scope of this chapter. The reflections herein rather seek to summarise some of the main arguments and questions pertaining to the debates on categorisation in migration studies.
A two-vertex theorem for normal tilings
Authors: Domokos Gábor , Horváth Ákos G. , Regős Krisztina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe regard a smooth, $$d=2$$

d
=
2

-dimensional manifold $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
and its normal tiling M, the cells of which may have non-smooth or smooth vertices (at the latter, two edges meet at 180 degrees.) We denote the average number (per cell) of non-smooth vertices by $$\bar{v}^{\star }$$

v

¯

⋆

and we prove that if M is periodic then $$\bar{v}^{\star } \ge 2$$

v

¯

⋆

≥
2

. We show the same result for the monohedral case by an entirely different argument. Our theory also makes a closely related prediction for non-periodic tilings. In 3 dimensions we show a monohedral construction with $$\bar{v}^{\star }=0$$

v

¯

⋆

=
0

.
Integrating intracellular nanovesicles into integrin trafficking pathways and beyond
Authors: Larocque Gabrielle , Royle Stephen J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembrane traffic controls the movement of proteins and lipids from one cellular compartment to another using a system of transport vesicles. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are a newly described class of transport vesicles. These vesicles are small, carry diverse cargo, and are involved in multiple trafficking steps including anterograde traffic and endosomal recycling. An example of a biological process that they control is cell migration and invasion, due to their role in integrin recycling. In this review, we describe what is known so far about these vesicles. We discuss how INVs may integrate into established membrane trafficking pathways using integrin recycling as an example. We speculate where in the cell INVs have the potential to operate and we identify key questions for future investigation.
The Black Angel deposit, Greenland: a Paleoproterozoic evaporite-related Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb deposit
Authors: Rosa Diogo , Leach David , Guarnieri Pierpaolo , Bekker Andrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Paleoproterozoic Mârmorilik Formation in the Karrat basin of West Greenland hosts the Black Angel Zn–Pb deposit. Chlorine-rich scapolite, zones with vuggy porosity and quartz nodules in the ore-bearing marble are herein interpreted to represent metamorphosed, vanished, and replaced evaporites, respectively. Mineralization is closely associated with anhydrite with δ34S values (5.2–12.6‰) broadly comparable to published values for Paleoproterozoic seawater sulfate. Considering the fundamental attributes of the mineralization and host sequence, a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) model is the most obvious explanation for mineralization. Overlying the ore-bearing sequence are organic-rich semipelites and massive calcitic marbles, which may have served as seals for hydrocarbon or reduced sulfur and acted as chemical traps for deposition of the sulfidic ore. The Mârmorilik Formation contained an interlayered sulfate-rich evaporite-carbonate sequence, a common setting for MVT deposits in the late Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic, but unique among the few known MVT deposits in the Paleoproterozoic. This ca. 1915 Ma evaporite-carbonate platform is younger than sulfate evaporites deposited during and immediately after the ca. 2220–2060 Ma Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion and records a significant seawater sulfate level during a time interval when it was assumed that it had been too low to form extensive evaporite deposits. Therefore, MVT and clastic-dominated (CD) Zn–Pb deposits in the geological record might progressively fill the apparent gap in marine sulfate evaporites and provide unique insights into Proterozoic seawater sulfate level. Considering the sequence of tectonic events that affected the Karrat basin, the mineralization took place between Nagssugtoqidian collision (< 1860 Ma) and Rinkian metamorphism (ca. 1830 Ma).
AI for the public. How public interest theory shifts the discourse on AI
Authors: Züger Theresa , Asghari Hadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAI for social good is a thriving research topic and a frequently declared goal of AI strategies and regulation. This article investigates the requirements necessary in order for AI to actually serve a public interest, and hence be socially good. The authors propose shifting the focus of the discourse towards democratic governance processes when developing and deploying AI systems. The article draws from the rich history of public interest theory in political philosophy and law, and develops a framework for ‘public interest AI’. The framework consists of (1) public justification for the AI system, (2) an emphasis on equality, (3) deliberation/ co-design process, (4) technical safeguards, and (5) openness to validation. This framework is then applied to two case studies, namely SyRI, the Dutch welfare fraud detection project, and UNICEF’s Project Connect, that maps schools worldwide. Through the analysis of these cases, the authors conclude that public interest is a helpful and practical guide for the development and governance of AI for the people.
S-Duality and the Universal Isometries of q-Map Spaces
Authors: Cortés Vicente , Tulli Iván 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe tree-level q-map assigns to a projective special real (PSR) manifold of dimension $$n-1\ge 0$$

n
-
1
≥
0

, a quaternionic Kähler (QK) manifold of dimension $$4n+4$$

4
n
+
4

. It is known that the resulting QK manifold admits a $$(3n+5)$$

(
3
n
+
5
)

-dimensional universal group of isometries (i.e. independently of the choice of PSR manifold). On the other hand, in the context of Calabi–Yau compactifications of type IIB string theory, the classical hypermultiplet moduli space metric is an instance of a tree-level q-map space, and it is known from the physics literature that such a metric has an $$\mathrm {SL}(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$

SL
(
2
,
R
)

group of isometries related to the $$\mathrm {SL}(2,{\mathbb {Z}})$$

SL
(
2
,
Z
)

S-duality symmetry of the full 10d theory. We present a purely mathematical proof that any tree-level q-map space admits such an $$\mathrm {SL}(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$

SL
(
2
,
R
)

action by isometries, enlarging the previous universal group of isometries to a $$(3n+6)$$

(
3
n
+
6
)

-dimensional group G. As part of this analysis, we describe how the $$(3n+5)$$

(
3
n
+
5
)

-dimensional subgroup interacts with the $$\mathrm {SL}(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$

SL
(
2
,
R
)

-action, and find a codimension one normal subgroup of G that is unimodular. By taking a quotient with respect to a lattice in the unimodular group, we obtain a quaternionic Kähler manifold fibering over a projective special real manifold with fibers of finite volume, and compute the volume as a function of the base. We furthermore provide a mathematical treatment of results from the physics literature concerning the twistor space of the tree-level q-map space and the holomorphic lift of the $$(3n+6)$$

(
3
n
+
6
)

-dimensional group of universal isometries to the twistor space.
Predictors of successful emergency shock wave lithotripsy for acute renal colic
Authors: Kurkar Adel , Elderwy Ahmad A. , Osman Mahmoud M. , Abdelkawi Islam F. , Shalaby Mahmoud M. , Abdelhafez Mohamed F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of emergency shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in persistent pain control in patients with ureteral stones is not well established. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy as well as the predicting variables for successful early SWL patients with symptomatic ureteral stones. Eighty-six patients with a persistent renal colic secondary to single ureteral stone (6–12 mm) were prospectively enrolled in this study. SWL was performed within 24 h of the onset of flank pain. Pain control and stone-free rate after emergency SWL session were 58.1% and 44.2%, respectively. Seven patients required post-SWL ureteroscopy and ureteral stent placement for uncontrolled pain. The overall 3-month stone-free rate after SWL monotherapy was 83.7%. On multivariate analysis, predictors for pain relief after emergency SWL were lower Hounsfield (HU) stone density, mild hydronephrosis (HN) at presentation and presentation during the first colic episode. Lower HU stone density was the single predictor of successful stone clearance after single emergency SWL session on multivariate analysis. In conclusion, early SWL is feasible and effective in management of ureteral stones presented by renal colic with low HU.
Lactate modulates microglia polarization via IGFBP6 expression and remodels tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma
Authors: Longhitano Lucia , Vicario Nunzio , Forte Stefano , Giallongo Cesarina , Broggi Giuseppe , Caltabiano Rosario , Barbagallo Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo , Altieri Roberto , Raciti Giuseppina , Di Rosa Michelino , Caruso Massimo , Parenti Rosalba , Liso Arcangelo , Busi Federica , Lolicato Marco , Mione Maria Caterina , Li Volti Giovanni , Tibullo Daniele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLactic acidosis has been reported in solid tumor microenvironment (TME) including glioblastoma (GBM). In TME, several signaling molecules, growth factors and metabolites have been identified to induce resistance to chemotherapy and to sustain immune escape. In the early phases of the disease, microglia infiltrates TME, contributing to tumorigenesis rather than counteracting its growth. Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 (IGFBP6) is expressed during tumor development, and it is involved in migration, immune-escape and inflammation, thus providing an attractive target for GBM therapy. Here, we aimed at investigating the crosstalk between lactate metabolism and IGFBP6 in TME and GBM progression. Our results show that microglia exposed to lactate or IGFBP6 significantly increased the Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression together with genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism. We, also, observed an increase in the M2 markers and a reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, suggesting a role of lactate/IGFBP6 metabolism in immune-escape activation. GBM cells exposed to lactate also showed increased levels of IGFBP6 and vice-versa. Such a phenomenon was coupled with a IGFBP6-mediated sonic hedgehog (SHH) ignaling increase. We, finally, tested our hypothesis in a GBM zebrafish animal model, where we observed an increase in microglia cells and igfbp6 gene expression after lactate exposure. Our results were confirmed by the analysis of human transcriptomes datasets and immunohistochemical assay from human GBM biopsies, suggesting the existence of a lactate/IGFBP6 crosstalk in microglial cells, so that IGFBP6 expression is regulated by lactate production in GBM cells and in turn modulates microglia polarization.
Event-based imaging velocimetry: an assessment of event-based cameras for the measurement of fluid flows
Authors: Willert Christian E. , Klinner Joachim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Contrary to conventional frame-based imaging, event-based vision or dynamic vision sensing asynchronously records binary signals of intensity changes for given pixels with microsecond resolution. The present work explores the possibilities of harnessing the potential of event-based vision for fluid flow measurement. The described implementations of event-based imaging velocimetry rely on imaging small particles that are illuminated by a laser light sheet which is similar to classical two-dimensional, two-component (2d–2c) PIV with the difference that a continuously operating laser light sheet is used without modulation of the laser or camera. The moving particles generate continuous time-stamped events on the detector that are later used to infer their velocity using patch-wise processing schemes. Two flow estimation algorithms are proposed; one uses a “motion compensation” that maximizes the local contrast and the other is based on a sum-of-correlations approach. The underlying motion detection schemes in combination with the complete absence of background signal allow straightforward retrieval of the events associated with individual particles thereby allowing the reconstruction of individual particle tracks. Alternatively, the event data can be processed with conventional PIV algorithms using images reconstructed from the event data stream. The concepts are demonstrated on simple flows in water and air.

Graphic abstract
Importance of Air-Sea Coupling in Simulating Tropical Cyclone Intensity at Landfall
Authors: Lok Charlie C. F. , Chan Johnny C. L. , Toumi Ralf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn atmosphere-only model system for making seasonal prediction and projecting future intensities of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) along the South China coast is upgraded by including ocean and wave models. A total of 642 TCs have been re-simulated using the new system to produce a climatology of TC intensity in the South China Sea. Detailed comparisons of the simulations from the atmosphere-only and the fully coupled systems reveal that the inclusion of the additional ocean and wave models enable differential sea surface temperature responses to various TC characteristics such as translational speed and size. In particular, interaction with the ocean does not necessarily imply a weakening of the TC, with the coastal bathymetry possibly playing a role in causing a near-shore intensification of the TC. These results suggest that to simulate the evolution of TC structure more accurately, it is essential to use an air-sea coupled model instead of an atmosphere-only model.
Maternal left ventricular function and adverse neonatal outcomes in women with cardiac disease
Authors: Eggleton Elizabeth J. , Bhagra Catriona J. , Patient Charlotte J. , Belham Mark , Pickett Janet , Aiken Catherine E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the relationship between maternal left ventricular systolic function, utero-placental circulation, and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in women with cardiac disease.

Methods
119 women managed in the pregnancy heart clinic (2019–2021) were identified. Women were classified by their primary cardiac condition. Adverse neonatal outcomes were: low birth weight (< 2500 g), small-for-gestational-age (< 10th birth-weight centile), pre-term delivery (< 37 weeks’ gestation), and fetal demise (> 20 weeks’ gestation). Parameters of left ventricular systolic function (global longitudinal strain, radial strain, ejection fraction, average S’, and cardiac output) were calculated and pulsatility index was recorded from last growth scan.

Results
Adverse neonatal outcomes occurred in 28 neonates (24%); most frequently in valvular heart disease (n = 8) and cardiomyopathy (n = 7). Small-for-gestational-age neonates were most common in women with cardiomyopathy (p = 0.016). Early pregnancy average S’ (p = 0.03), late pregnancy average S’ (p = 0.02), and late pregnancy cardiac output (p = 0.008) were significantly lower in women with adverse neonatal outcomes than in those with healthy neonates. There was a significant association between neonatal birth-weight centile and global longitudinal strain (p = 0.04) and cardiac output (p = 0.0002) in late pregnancy. Pulsatility index was highest in women with cardiomyopathy (p = 0.007), and correlated with average S’ (p < 0.0001) and global longitudinal strain (p = 0.03) in late pregnancy.

Conclusion
Women with cardiac disease may not tolerate cardiovascular adaptations required during pregnancy to support fetal growth. Adverse neonatal outcomes were associated with reduced left ventricular systolic function and higher pulsatility index. The association between impaired systolic function and reduced fetal growth is supported by insufficient utero-placental circulation.
Gunshot residues found at the exit wound: a case report
Authors: Weber Anja , Kneubuehl Beat P. , Rabl Walter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGunshot residues (GSRs) play an important role in forensic investigations of gun-related violence. The presence of GSRs has been described to help to identify the bullet entry area, as it was supposed not to be found at exit wounds. This report details the suicidal headshot of an 84-year-old male where unburned tube-like, cuboid and flake-formed powder particles have been found not only at the inside of the muzzle but also circular around the exit wound. With very short-barrelled weapons, it must be expected that part of the propellant charge leaves the barrel unburned behind the bullet. In contrast to that, the barrel length of the used weapon should lead to a complete burn-up of powder particles. The surprisingly large number of unburned powder particles present at the exit wound of the injury gave reason for further investigation to understand the underlying ballistic aspects and outlines the importance of having a close look at incidence scene photos during an investigation.
STR typing of skin swabs from individuals after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: von Máriássy Dagmar , Reibke Roland , Verbeek Mareike , Gätjens Britta , Schiller Roberta , Anslinger Katja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the pre-requisites for forensic DNA analysis is the fact that all nucleated cells of a person carry the same genetic information. However, this is not the case for individuals who have received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation, as all new cells formed by the bone marrow no longer show the genetic information of the recipient but that of the donor, while all other cells still carry the original information before transplantation. Thus, STR typing of a blood sample after successful transplantation yields a DNA profile that differs from the recipient’s original profile and corresponds to the donor genotype instead. Evidence from a routine case suggests that transplanted individuals may show donor alleles in skin swabs, as well. In order to examine this issue more closely, various skin swabs from 28 patients who have received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were examined in this study. Swabs from the right and left palm, the back of the hand, one of the two upper arms, and the neck were collected from each person. Ninety-one of the 140 resulting swabs delivered useful results. All of those samples showed mixtures of recipient and donor DNA with different mixture ratios and the proportions of donor and recipient alleles revealed inter- and intra-individual differences. Those results were discussed with respect to graft versus host disease.
The impact of COVID-19 on autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: A single-centre, qualitative evaluation study
Authors: Camilleri Marquita , Bekris Georgios , Sidhu Govundeep , Buck Caroline , Elsden Esma , McCourt Orla , Horder Jackie , Newrick Fiona , Lecat Catherine , Sive Jonathan , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Popat Rakesh , Lee Lydia , Xu Ke , Kyriakou Charalampia , Rabin Neil , Yong Kwee , Fisher Abigail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is standard of care in biologically fit, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, offering better therapeutic outcomes and improved quality of life (QoL). However, with the UK’s 1st national lockdown on 23/03/2020, several guidelines recommended deferring ASCT due to risks of infection, with resource limitations forcing some units to suspend ASCT entirely. Such changes to patients’ treatment plans inevitably altered their lived experience during these uncertain times with expected impact on QoL. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to gain insight into MM patients’ understanding of their disease, initial therapy and ASCT, and their response to therapy changes. A clinical snapshot of how COVID-19 affected the MM ASCT service in a single UK institution is also provided, including changes to chemotherapy treatment plans, timing, and prioritisation of ASCT. Framework analysis identified 6 overarching themes: (1) beliefs about ASCT, (2) perceptions of information provided about MM and ASCT, (3) high levels of fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, (4) feelings about ASCT disruption or delay due to COVID-19, (5) perceptions of care, and (6) importance of social support. Example subthemes were beliefs that ASCT would provide a long-remission/best chance of normality including freedom from chemotherapy and associated side-effects, disappointment, and devastation at COVID-related treatment delays (despite high anxiety about infection) and exceptionally high levels of trust in the transplant team. Such insights will help us adjust our service and counselling approaches to be more in tune with patients’ priorities and expectations.