bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LC-MS and GC-MS -based phytochemical perspectives and antimicrobial effects of Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium ovatoascomatis Isolated from Euphorbia milii
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Zohair Moustafa M. , Zaki Amal , Sweelam Heba-tollah M. , Ashour Warda E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Euphorbia milli was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria, unicellular yeast and filamentous fungi. The most active strain was selected and identified morphologically and genetically as Chaetomium ovatoascomatis NRC. The total ethyl acetate extract of C. ovatoascomatis NRC exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric and fungi; Aspergillus niger with MIC of 62.5 ug/ml. While n-hexane fraction demonstrated broader activity against Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus cereus, Gram negative; Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric, fungi; Candida albicans and F. solani. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate strain extract was performed by LCMSMS analysis and n-hexane fraction was analyzed by GCMS. LCMSMS determined five major metabolites with potential antimicrobial activities including coumarin glycoside; esculin and flavonoids. GCMS analysis of n-hexane fraction tentatively identified 30 compounds, where 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester was the major compound.
Missing female births and girls in India
Authors: Echavarri Rebeca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A significant portion of the mortality affecting girls could be avoided. They are part of the phenomenon known as missing women. A growing body of literature examines whether the rise of sex-selective abortions leads to a decrease in the number of missing girls, by decreasing postnatal discrimination. The evidence is mixed, and theoretical analysis points to social norms as a mechanism that would limit the possible substitution effects. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying the effects of societal-level sex-selection at birth on household-level postnatal discrimination. To that end, the paper merges information from the latest Indian National Family Health Survey (2016 − 2017) and the most recent census (2011). Excess female mortality in childhood is found to be greater in rural districts and in years in which there is a higher male to female sex ratio at birth. This effect is driven by the mortality outcomes of higher birth order girls who are more likely to belong to families that did not use selective abortions as a control for family sex composition. The paper enriches the discussion on why short-run increases in prenatal discrimination do not always help and may even increase the number of missing young girls.JEL B54, J13, J16
Machine Learning-assisted Single Vessel Analysis of Nanoparticle Permeability in Tumour Vasculatures
Authors: Huang Xinglu , Zhu Mingsheng , Zhuang Jie , Li Zhe , Liu Qiqi , Gao Zhanxia , Midgley Adam , Qi Tianyi , Zhao Rongping , Zhang Zhixuan , Kong Deling , Tian Jie , Yan Xiyun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The central dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours through enhanced leakiness of vasculatures has become a topic of debate in recent years. To address this problem, we created a single-vessel quantitative analysis method by taking advantage of protein-based nanoprobes and image segmentation-based machine learning technology (Nano-ISML). Using Nano-ISML, we quantified > 50,000 individual blood vessels from 32 tumour models, which revealed highly heterogenous vascular permeability of protein-based nanoparticles in different tumours and blood vessels. There was > 20-fold difference in the percentage of high-permeable vessels in different tumours and > 100-fold penetration ability in vessels with the highest permeability compared to vessels with the lowest permeability. We demonstrated that this phenomenon resulted from diversified vascular penetration mechanisms. Specifically, passive extravasation and trans-endothelial transport were dominant mechanisms for high-permeable and low-permeable tumour vessels, respectively. Furthermore, to exemplify Nano-ISML assisted rational design of desirable nanomedicines, we developed genetically tailored protein nanoparticles that improved trans-endothelial transport in low-permeable tumours. Our study delineates the heterogeneity of tumour vascular permeability and defines a direction for rational design of the next generation anti-cancer nanomedicines.
Electrolytic Oxidation of Cyanide on Bare and Manganese Dioxide Coated 304 Stainless Steel Electrodes
Authors: Schmidt Jacob , Guerra Eduard , Shepherd Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bare and manganese dioxide coated ANSI-304 stainless steel anodes were evaluated for use in electrolytic cyanide waste effluent treatment using bicarbonate buffered electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry of 10 mM carbonate pH 10 buffered electrolytes showed evidence of mass transfer limited cyanide oxidation just prior to the onset of oxygen gas evolution for both electrode types, and a reaction mechanism in which cyanide is oxidized via reaction with hydroxyl radical containing higher oxidation state species on electrode surfaces is proposed. The results of galvanostatic experiments, conducted in the same base electrolyte with addition of 250 mg L-1 cyanide at a current density of 2 mA cm-2, were fit to a pseudo-first order model of mass transfer limited cyanide oxidation with little difference in cyanide oxidation performance between bare steel and the MnO2 coated electrodes. However, addition of 10 mg L-1 of dissolved copper to the electrolyte was found to enhance the kinetics of cyanide oxidation when employing bare stainless steel electrodes, but had no appreciable effect on cyanide oxidation performance for cells employing manganese dioxide coated electrodes.
Tomato leaf disease identification based on attention mechanism and bilinear pool
Authors: Xiao Jingyao , Fang Chao , Zheng Xiaogang , Liu Jue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the low recognition rate of current crop diseases by convolutional neural network, we propose the network In-SE-Bilinear model to recognize the tomato leaf diseases. In order to reduce the original number of network layers, GoogLeNet network is used as a back-bone. In the process of feature extraction, a Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) block is connected after each Inception block, and a bilinear pooling layer is added before the connection layer, in front of which the convolution is used to reduce high-dimensional feature information. It is found that the accuracy rate is about 97% for identifying 16 disease classes, which is significantly better than the traditional convolutional neural network, and superior to Inception model, SE model, and bilinear model. Further, some evaluation indicators are calculated by the confusion matrix using test data set, and the results show that the specificity, recall rate and MIoU are 92.52%, 92.44% and 92.55%, respectively. The In-SE-Bilinear method can effectively improve the ability to recognize and classify tomato diseases.
Integrative bioinformatics analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identified some potential biomarkers for breast cancer
Authors: Rezaeijo Seyed Masoud , Goharifar Naieme , Poursheikhani Arash , Rezaie Monireh , Shayankia Ghazal , Heydarheydari Sahel , Saberi Alihossein , Taghizadeh Eskandar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is common cause of cancer death among women with a complex and heterogeneous picture in histological, molecular and clinical features. The aim of this study was to identify hub genes and related pathways in breast cancer.Methods: We selected screening methods for differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs using expression profile data of Breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). with using some databases for annotation, the functional and pathway enrichment for differential expression genes (DEGs) was performed. We selected genes and miRNAs with differential expression pattern. Then we determined target genes for differential expression miRNAs (DEMIs) and intersection between them was selected as differentially expressed miRNA-target genes for breast cancer. In the next step we constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network for more information.Results: Top 10 DEMIs were identified from miRNA profile. Then, we selected 354 gene as target gene for 10 DEMIs. The miRNA-mRNA and PPI network constructed and 10 hub genes and 5 miRNAs were identified that some of them are new for breast cancer. Also, miRNA-target genes with differential expressions in this study were all mainly involved in signaling pathways and developmental process.Conclusion: This study identified some candidate biomarker for breast cancer that they have a potential role in pathways related to breast. These findings can be used for research, early diagnosis and therapeutic goals.
Lived experience and students' understanding of the feeling of discrimination in e-learning education
Authors: Jazi Zahra Hadian , Shahzeydi Amir , Farzi Sedigheh , Babaei Sima , Gheybi Kazzem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Virtual and e-learning have taken on a more prominent role since the inception of the coronavirus. One of the disadvantages that are less addressed is the feeling of discrimination in this type of education. So, this study aims to explain nursing students' experiences of educational discrimination in e-learning education.
Methods
This is a qualitative study conducted in the Isfahan nursing and midwifery faculty in Iran in 2021. Thirteen nursing and midwifery students were selected by purposeful sampling method and were interviewed and data were collected through face-to-face and in-depth interviews with semi-structured questions. All interviews were analyzed according to the content analysis method.
Results
The factors that caused the feeling of discrimination in the virtual education were into four major categories: 1 - The nature of virtual education (With two subclasses: 1 — less teacher availability and 2 — reduction interaction between the professor and student); 2 - Factors related to the professor (With five subcategories: 1 - professor's experience, 2 — professor's age, 3 — a type of professor's field of work, 4 — professor's skill in using technology and 5 — insignificance of protest and criticisms); 3 - Factors related to students (With four subcategories: 1 - Student gender, 2 - Student field of study, 3 - Student economic problems and 4 - Differences in students' ability to use technology) and 4- Inadequate resources (divided into two sub-categories: 1- Inadequate internet and 2- Lack of access to study and library resources)
Conclusions
Nursing educators and professors must be aware of the factors that cause this feeling before starting this type of training, investigate all suitable platforms such as high-speed internet, train educators, professors, and students in using educational applications, etc.
Statin for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Radwan Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious neurological disease and is associated with early and delayed unfavourable consequences. Vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia are reasonable for mortality and permanent disability. Using statin therapy may improve neurological outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the benefits of statin agents in improving the clinical outcomes in patients with aSAH.
Methods: A search was done electronically using a search strategy (December 2021), combing free– text and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms in five databases: Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library, with no restriction on language or publication date. This study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022296336. Main Results: nine randomized controlled studies (RCTs) are eligible and included in meta– analysis. The meta– analyses show significant effects of the statins by reduction in the incidences of vasospasm, delayed neurological ischemic deficits, and delayed cerebral ischemia. The pooled MH odds ratios were 0.55 (95% CI 0.39– 0.81), 0.71 (95% CI 0.54– 0.92) and 0.7(95% CI 0.53– 0.94), respectively. The poor outcome and mortality are not statistically different between statins and placebo. The pooled MH odds ratios were 0.97 (95% CI 0.77– 1.22) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.57– 1.26). No significant adverse effects were reported. Also, subgrouping shows that early administration of statins (within 48– 72 hours) of aSAH onset has significant benefits by decreasing the incidence rate of vasospasm, DIND, and DCI.
Conclusion: The statin has a beneficial effect and is safe in patients with aSAH to avoid vasospasm and associated neurological deficits.
WITHDRAWN: Heat transfer characteristics of heat-integrated continuous flow reactor systems for hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To understand and quantify the complex interactions in continuous flow reactor systems, detailed mathematical modeling of the underlying physical phenomena is an ideal tool to describe the multi-physics. Similarly, to control the overall operation of continuous flow reactor systems requires detailed mathematical models. This study relates to a thermochemical process for producing hydrogen by the catalytic endothermic reaction of methanol with steam in heat-integrated continuous flow reactor systems. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to better understand the consumption, generation, and exchange of thermal energy between endothermic and exothermic processes in the reactor. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the fundamental characteristics of heat transfer in heat-integrated continuous flow reactor systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of heat transfer characteristics on different design factors in various situations. The results indicate that the reactor design suffers from a fundamental limitation resulting from the flow configuration in which a reacting stream flows parallel to a heat transfer surface through which the majority of heat is transferred perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. Balancing the heat requirements of an endothermic reaction with heat generated by an exothermic reaction flowing parallel to and on the opposite side of a separating plate is extraordinarily difficult since the endothermic reaction is likely to have a very different dependence upon concentration and temperature than the endothermic reaction. Thermally matching the reactions is still further complicated by the inherent temperature gradients that are present along the flow length of the reaction channel. Finally, the operating temperatures of the two reactions must be similar since the separate streams are separated only by the thin separating and heat transfer plate.
Evaluation of the Current Status of Home Hemodialysis in the Middle East Then Perspectives and Possibilities of Home Hemodialysis in Egypt
Authors: Omar Ibrahim Al-Sayed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the last several years, some forms of home hemodialysis are available in some countries in the Middle East especially UAE, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Very little data are available regarding the overall outcome, morbidities, and mortalities in this selected group of patients treated with this modality.
Aim of the Work:
This study was done to evaluate the current status of home hemodialysis in the Middle East, then the perspectives of managing it in Egypt.
Patients and Methods:
It included 2 parts (a retrospective and a prospective). The study included 131 patients; either had been maintained on home hemodialysis during the last 5 years or maintained on home hemodialysis during the period from March 2019 to march 2020.
Results
The mean URR% was low in most patients, especially those of the retrospective part (56% versus 63%). Also, the mean KT/V was (1.1 versus 1.18). The 1st year mortality was significantly high in all patients; 36%. However, it was significantly higher in patients of the retrospective part (40.7% versu 28%). Some mortality predictors were unmasked with either with a + ve correlation or a –ve correlation.
Conclusion
In the Middle East, home HD was chosen to manage only a highly compromised group of ESRD patients with strict criteria as patients who are bed-ridden, wheel-chair-bound, demented or having CVA, amputations or non-union fractures …… etc, and having a great difficulty to get in-center HD. It is a benign mode of HD with less reported intra-dialytic complications. Excessive UF was better tolerated in patients with volume overload or cardio-renal syndrome with home HD. The loss of residual renal functions in new HD patients, was significantly low. These benefits were related to less dialysate exposure other than the use of ultrapure dialysate. Nevertheless, Home HD is expensive and less efficient for most patients if done thrice weekly.
Responding to anti-Black racism in clinical supervision: using simulated encounters to develop a behavioral typology
Authors: Calhoun Amanda , Martin Andres , Adigun Ayodola , Alleyne Shirley D. , Asuzu Kammarauche , Thompson-Felix Tara , Asnes Andrea , de Carvalho-Filho Marco A. , Benoit Laelia , Genao Inginia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Racist interactions in clinical practice remain a pervasive reality for Black healthcare providers. Supervisors charged with the oversight, protection, and support of their racially minoritized trainees are often inconsistent in their approach and have limited guidance to inform their actions.
Methods
We designed an empirical study in which experienced supervisors responded to seven short, videotaped interactions between 1) a simulated participant (SP) and different clinicians-in-training; 2) the trainees and their respective supervisors; and 3) the trainees and their supervisors together with the SP. The clinical exchanges exemplified different types of racist (entrenching) or antiracist (uprooting) behaviors. After viewing each clip, participants shared their reflections before joining together for a structured debriefing. Using a thematic-phenomenological qualitative approach, we analyzed the corpus of free-text entries and debriefing transcripts.
Results
We recruited 52 participants into five two-hour-long sessions. They developed a behavioral typology for supervisors facing anti-Black racial injuries involving learners under their oversight. We organized supervisor behaviors into five interlocking domains, each with a range of possible responses: 1) Gradation: from conciliatory to confrontational; 2) Explicitness: from eliding to naming; 3) Ownership: from individual to shared; 4) Involvement: from deferred (excusing) to cotemporaneous (including); and 5) Stance: from protective to paternalistic.
Conclusion
A behavioral typology can serve as a rubric for supervisors to engage in reflective practice and for medical educators to inform faculty development initiatives to fight anti-Black racism in clinical practice. In addition, the typology can serve as a framework for facilitated discussion among healthcare providers who may have experienced or witnessed anti-Black racist interactions.
Temporal Localized Turing Patterns in Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
Authors: Bartolo Adrian , Vigne Nathan , Marconi Mathias , Beaudoin Grégoire , Pantzas Konstantinos , Sagnes Isabelle , Huyet Guillaume , Maucher Fabian , Gurevich Svetlana , Javaloyes Julien , Garnache Arnaud , Giudici Massimo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Localized structures (LS) in lasers have been actively sought for all-optical information processing. So far, two distinct approaches have been developed for achieving LS: one leading to addressable stationary peaks of light in the transverse section of the resonator, the other leading to addressable mode-locked pulses having a fundamental mode spatial profile. Here we show that temporal localized patterns appear in nearly self-imaging Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) with an intracavity saturable absorber. The observed patterns consist of a combination of an axial plane-wave with a set of tilted waves having a hexagonal arrangement in the Fourier space. In the time domain these patterns are individually addressable mode-locked pulses having a duration of about ten picoseconds. The theoretical analysis shows that the emergence of these pulsating patterns is a signature of a Turing instability whose critical wave vector depends on spherical aberrations of the optical elements. Our result shows that large aspect-ratio VECSELs offer unique opportunities for studying spatio-temporal phenomena and it paves the way to the generation of spatio-temporal LS.
Exploring characteristics and severity of road traffic injuries in Lebanon using emergency department hospital-based data: the necessity of an integrated surveillance system
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Salameh Pascale , Ghosn Nada , Abou-Abbas Linda , Salmi Louis-Rachid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In Lebanon, there is a scarcity of data related to road traffic injuries (RTIs), and the available one is of poor quality. Thus, a hospital-based RTI surveillance system was launched by the Lebanese ministry of health in 2013 in private and public-run hospitals in the Bekaa governorate.
Objectives:
The present paper aimed to describe the characteristics and the severity of RTIs recorded over two years during the piloting of the hospital-based RTI surveillance system.
Methods:
The data collected round-the-clock from the Emergency department (ED) was used to conduct a retrospective analysis of population-based injuries hospitalized for road traffic crashes (RTC). This collected data from each person injured or killed in an RTC were reported passively by designated focal persons to the epidemiological surveillance program on a weekly basis, using a standardized form. The form included demographic, crash-related variables, body lesions, and vital-sign clinical presentation. Data were coded using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and entered using Epidata software then transferred to SPSS for analysis. Trauma scores were calculated to rank the severity of injuries.
Results
Over a period of two years extending from 2013 to 2015, a total of 1576 cases of RTIs were reported. The male-to-female ratio was 2.16 and the majority of RTIs (44.4%) was recorded among those aged between 15 to 29 years old. Out of the total, 51.3% of the accidents occurred during the afternoon time and the most injured parts of the body were the head (46%) and the extremities (75%). From 2013 to 2015, a decrease of 0.7% in the revised trauma score (RTS < 4) was recorded. On the contrary, an increase of 3.9% in injury severity score (ISS) that ranged between 15 and 75 was reported. The probability of survival of an injured individual at one month was improved (from 86.1% in 2013 to 94.1% in 2015).
Conclusion
Despite the presence of some limitations, the piloted RTI surveillance system showed its ability to collect accurate data on RTIs.