bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tellurium‐Based Artificial Neuron: Capturing Biological Complexity While Keeping It Simple
Authors: Yang Yifei , Li Huanglong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeuronal oscillation is critically involved in almost every cognitive task, including information coding, memory formation, and perception. This phenomenon is rooted in the spiking activity of neuron that is mediated by two principal ion‐channel mechanisms, i.e., fast Na+ mediated depolarization and delayed K+ mediated repolarization. In neuromorphic circuits, however, subcellular level of biocomplexity has routinely been traded off for smaller hardware overhead. Even so, the simplest artificial oscillatory neuron by far is still made of no less than two devices, a volatile memristor and a parallelly (serially) connected capacitor (resistor) that typically occupies relatively large circuit area. Herein, a simplest imaginable implementation is reported of the neuronal oscillation function in a single threshold switching device based on tellurium (Te). Thanks to the unique electrochemical‐thermal properties combined in Te, this device can exhibit self‐sustained oscillatory behavior when stimulated by a steady DC voltage as a result of the repetitive electrochemical growth and the ensuing Joule heat‐induced thermal melting of the Te filament, which phenomenologically capture the Na+ and K+ ion‐channel functions, respectively. This work broadens the neuromorphic applications of Te resistive switching devices from synaptic array devices to artificial neurons.
Polyisoprenes obtained from jackfruit latex (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.): Extraction and characterization
Authors: Ramos‐Martínez Osvaldo , González‐Cruz Elda Margarita , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJackfruit latex is a residue from the agricultural production of this fruit, which does not have an application in the food or pharmaceutical industry. The objectives of the study were to (1) extract the polyisoprenes from jackfruit latex using the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, and (2) characterize their physicochemical and techno‐functional properties. The chemical composition, foaming and emulsifying capacity, and thermal behavior. According to the proximal chemical analysis of the extracts, the major content were lipophilic compounds (89%), including polyisoprenes. Regarding the emulsifying properties, the concentrates extracts showed intermediate values for the emulsifying activity index (32–59 m2/g) and stability times from 15 to 95 min. The thermal analysis showed endothermic events (50–65°C) associated with the melting of the concentrate, as well as exothermic events related to the crystallization of the polyisoprenes. The FTIR spectra indicates the presence of the polyisoprenes in the extracts, the stretching of the C═C bonds in 1704 at 1712 cm−1 are characteristic of cis‐1,4 polyisoprene bonds, and at 980 cm−1 the CH bending. The physicochemical and techno‐functional properties of polyisoprene extracts indicate that they could be used in emulsions or electrohydrodynamic encapsulation processes.
A stakeholder perspective on managing tensions in hybrid organizations: Analyzing fair trade for a sustainable development
Authors: Gigliotti Marina , Runfola Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a stakeholder perspective to study tensions in hybrid organizations (HOs). In this study, we investigate social enterprises (SEs) as emblematic cases of HO. The paper responds to literature that calls for studies about the interactions with stakeholders and proposes the relational paths SEs can implement to alleviate the emerging tensions between environmental–social and business goals. It also contributes to the academic debate offering empirical evidence on HO‐related tensions. Solving these tensions is beneficial for HOs and in terms of sustainable development. The paper presents a longitudinal case study of a leading SE in the fair trade industry. Fair trade represents an industry where economic, social, and environmental goals may be jointly achieved through the action of SEs. The main paper's contributions regard a stakeholders‐generated view of tensions and the identification of stakeholders‐tailored solutions to managing them. In addition, the proposed ad hoc approach contributes to a deeper understanding of how an SE deals with its hybrid nature.
Recent Advances in Complete Methane Oxidation using Zeolite‐Supported Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus Lykke , Noack Hendrik‐David , Pedersen Kim , Mossin Susanne , Mielby Jerrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe high fuel efficiency of natural gas makes it an attractive alternative to coal and oil during the transition towards renewable energy resources. Natural gas engines are needed to ensure a stable power grid that can accommodate fluctuations in renewable energy production. Unfortunately, these engines emit as much as 3–4 % of the methane (CH4) in the natural gas under learn‐burn conditions. This methane slip has a high environmental cost since CH4 is a potent greenhouse gas. Complete catalytic oxidation of CH4 can potentially control the emission. Unfortunately, the best performing Pd/Al2O3 catalysts suffer from severe deactivation under operating conditions. After decades of little progress, zeolite‐supported catalysts have recently attracted increased attention. Here, we review the current status, challenges, and prospects for controlling methane emissions from large engines using zeolite‐based catalysts. The determining factors for catalytic activity and stability are the zeolite topology, alumina content, counter‐ion, and active metal nanoparticles incorporation. In addition, we highlight the importance of testing under realistic operation conditions. Thus, the review provides a framework for developing a catalyst technology critically needed to fulfill the Paris Climate Agreement.
Redox Properties of Iron Sulfides: DirectversusCatalytic Reduction and Implications for Catalyst Design
Authors: Garibello C. Felipe , Simonov Alexandr N. , Eldridge Daniel S. , Malherbe Francois , Hocking Rosalie K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn electrocatalysis we seldom think about the competing direct reduction reactions that may happen alongside catalytically mediated reduction‐ with direct redox chemistry often happening slower but in competition with, catalysis. One class of compounds of interest from this perspective are iron sulfides. In addition to being structurally similar to many metalloproteins, iron sulfides are also among nature‘s strongest chemical reductants and reported to act as catalysts for key chemical reactions including proton, nitrite, and nitrate reduction. It is important that iron sulfides can act as catalysts because they are also strong enough reductants to mediate some of the same reactions directly. This is paradoxical because in order to be a catalyst for reduction, an iron sulfide cannot also be oxidised. To investigate this phenomenon further, we assembled a test set of iron sulfides spanning both amorphous iron sulfide (FeSam) as well as the crystalline iron sulfides greigite, pyrite, and troilite. These were used to explore the relationship between direct reduction and catalysis of a reduction reaction with a secondary electron source, NO2−was chosen as a test substrate. The trends in direct reduction followed the least stable material (FeSam) to the most stable material (FeS2). Of the phases studied, troilite (FeS) showed the largest difference between direct and catalytic reduction, however amorphous iron sulfide showed the greatest selectivity for NH3/NH4+production as both a direct reductant and a catalyst.
Fabricating Bifunctional Co−Al2O3@USY Catalyst via In‐Situ Growth Method for Mild Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin to Naphthenes
Authors: Ji Na , Cheng Shuai , Jia Zhichao , Li Hanyang , Ri Poknam , Wang Shurong , Diao Xinyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo enhance the catalytic activity and stability of metal catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives into naphthenes, a bifunctional Co−Al2O3@USY catalyst was fabricated by the reduction of CoAl layered double hydroxide in‐situ grown on the USY zeolite. In the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, a 100.0 % conversion with cyclohexane yield up to 93.6 % was achieved at 180 °C, 3 MPa for 4 h, which should be the hitherto lowest reaction temperature that has been reported over Co‐based metal catalysts. This catalyst was also relatively stable with 5 runs and exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the hydrodeoxygenation of other lignin model compounds and even real lignin feedstock into naphthenes. The high‐efficiency of Co−Al2O3@USY was attributed to the synergistic effect between well‐dispersed small Co nanoparticles and abundant acidic sites on the USY surface, while the outstanding stability was attributed to the anchoring effect of Al2O3 matrix to Co nanoparticles which avoided the leaching of Co species and particle agglomeration. This work provides a potential strategy for the design of an efficient and stable catalyst for lignin utilization.
Current status and progress in immunotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Sun Boyang , Dong Yiting , Xu Jiachen , Wang Zhijie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignant disease. Currently, the platinum doublet of pemetrexed and cisplatin is the standard first‐line treatment for unresectable MPM. However, recent promising results of immunotherapy have markedly changed the landscape of MPM treatment. Further, the ongoing innovative therapeutic strategies are expected to expand the range of treatment options; however, several questions remain unanswered. First, establishing predictive biomarkers with high potency is urgently needed to optimize the patient selection process. Second, further exploration of the combination algorithm is expected to unveil more effective and safe regimens. Moreover, other dilemmas, such as the resistance mechanism of immunotherapy and the role of immunotherapy in perioperative settings, still warrant further exploration.
Advanced Ru‐Infiltrated Perovskite Oxide Electrodes for Boosting the Performance of Syngas Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Yu Wenqing , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Tong , Wang Yao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA promising Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ‐Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SFM‐SDC) anode material is modified by infiltrating Ru catalytic particles to enhance the electrochemical performance for H2/CO electro‐oxidation. The electrode polarization resistance (Rp), which is considerably affected by the pre‐sintering temperature, shows the lowest value of 0.67 Ω cm2 at 800 °C in 3 % H2O humidified hydrogen for bare SFM‐SDC electrode calcined at 1050 °C. Furthermore, the Rp value is favorably diminished to 0.22 Ω cm2 after Ru infiltration. Meanwhile, the output power density exhibits a significant increment, proving the excellent electrocatalytic properties of Ru nano‐particles. Additionally, the single cell with infiltration presents a good short‐term stability even after redox operation.
A quality of service‐aware high‐security architecture design for software‐defined network powered vehicular ad‐hoc networks using machine learning‐based blockchain routing
Authors: Choudhary Swapna , Dorle Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoftware‐defined networks (SDNs) have proven to be highly flexible for vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET) routing. This is due to packet‐level and bandwidth‐level controls available with SDNs. But SDNs have inherent security issues which include forwarding device attacks, control plane threats, communication channel vulnerability, etc. To counter these attacks, this paper initially proposes a proof‐of‐work‐based blockchain framework that can reduce attack probability by 99%. But, the overall network quality of service (QoS) reduces in terms of end‐to‐end delay, energy consumption, and throughput. To improve these parameters and maintain a high level of security, this work proposes a machine‐learning algorithm that optimizes blockchain parameters in a QoS‐aware manner. These parameters include selected chain length, encryption block length, etc. The machine learning algorithm is inspired by Q‐Learning and aims at reducing the performance effect of blockchain operations on the overall QoS of VANETs. Thus, the underlying network uses sidechain‐based blockchain implementation, which makes it faster, more secure, and less complex when compared with single‐chain implementations. Upon observing the results, it is seen that the proposed architecture can reduce the end‐to‐end delay by 15%, energy consumption by 18%, and increase overall throughput by 38% when compared with existing blockchain‐based SDN VANET architectures.
Adequacy in pleural effusion: What is the minimum volume required for detection of malignant cells?
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Sethy Madhusmita , Sharma Gaurav , Adhya Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdequacy criteria of pleural fluid volume for optimal reporting are contentious, and very little literature is available to date. This problem has not been addressed in the novel International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 939 pleural fluid samples. Five volume bins were created: 0–9.9 ml, 10–19.9 ml, 20–34.9 ml, 35–69.9 ml, and > 70 ml and included 203, 222, 314, 174, and 26 samples, respectively. Volume bins were compared across various categories using a Chi‐square test. A malignancy fraction was used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were done with median and interquartile range. A ROC curve was constructed to find if pleural fluid volume can be used to detect malignancy. A cut‐off volume was found which can detect malignancy with optimum sensitivity.ResultsThe area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve showed that 55% of the time, the pleural volume can detect malignancy correctly. From the coordinates of the curve it was found that for a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 40%, a cut‐off volume of 13.5 ml of pleural fluid is sufficient to detect malignancy.ConclusionsWe recommend 13.5 ml as the minimum volume cut‐off for a satisfactory pleural effusion cytology report. Below this volume, the false–negative rates increase, and the specimen may be deemed as limited for a conclusive diagnosis. As the volume rises above this threshold volume, the false negativity rate decreases but does not significantly improve malignant cells' detection.
Hepatic portal venous gas and bacteremia after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Tomioka Akira , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Chiya Nanoka , Nishimura Hiroyuki , Akita Yoshihiro , Higashiyama Masaaki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Hokari Ryota 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is considered to be a sign of poor prognosis in abdominal diseases and a potentially fatal condition. However, HPVG after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), is an even rarer complication that there is just one report of it at the moment. In this report, we present a case of HPVG and bacteremia that happened a day after colonic ESD in the descending colon. A 79‐year‐old female was referred to perform endoscopic treatment for a 40‐mm elevated tumor in the descending colon and surgery for clinical T1b cancer in the rectosigmoid colon. With a preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal carcinoma in adenoma, we performed ESD using carbon dioxide insufflation. The tumor was resected en bloc without any adverse events including perforation. On the following day, shivering and a fever of 38°C suddenly developed with no abdominal symptoms. Computed tomography revealed the presence of HPVG and gas in the middle colic vein without pneumoperitoneum. The patient was managed conservatively with fasting and intravenous antibiotic treatment. We confirmed the disappearance of the findings with computed tomography on the next day of the first computed tomography and with a colonoscope, we observed the base of ESD ulcer 5 days post‐ESD. HPVG might be treated conservatively, but it might cause more severe conditions such as air embolism, so this rare complication still needs to be thoroughly monitored.
Tryptophan and the innate intestinal immunity: Crosstalk between metabolites, host innate immune cells, and microbiota
Authors: Li Yunke , Liu Ning , Ge Yao , Yang Ying , Ren Fazheng , Wu Zhenlong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe intestinal mucosal barrier is critical for the absorption of nutrients and the health of both humans and animals. Recent publications from clinical and experimental studies have shown the importance of the nutrients‐bacteria‐host interaction for the intestinal homeostasis. Dysfunction of these interactions has been reported to be associated with metabolic disorders and development of intestinal diseases such as the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases. Tryptophan and its metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and 5‐hydroxytrptamine, can influence the proliferation of enterocytes, intestinal integrity, and immune response, as well as intestinal microbiota, therefore, regulating and contributing to the intestinal health. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the effect of tryptophan and its metabolites on the mucosal barrier and intestinal homeostasis and its regulation of innate immune response. Moreover, we present the signaling pathways related to Trp metabolism, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and pregnane X receptor, which contribute to the intestinal homeostasis and discuss future perspectives on spontaneous interference in host tryptophan metabolism as potential clinical strategies of intestinal diseases.
A beam‐column element for modeling nonlinear flexural and shear behaviors of reinforced masonry walls
Authors: Cheng Jianyu , Shing P. Benson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a computationally efficient beam‐column element to simulate the nonlinear flexural and shear behaviors of reinforced masonry shear walls subjected to bilateral seismic forces. A three‐field mixed formulation based on the Hu‐Washizu variational principle is adopted. This mixed element is free of shear locking, and allows a wall to be modeled with one element. The axial and flexural responses are evaluated with a fiber‐section model at each integration point along the element, while the shear response in each loading direction is represented by a phenomenological model. The element accounts for the influence of the axial load, wall aspect ratio, and wall flange, if any, on the shear response of a wall. To consider axial‐flexure‐shear interaction, the shear model takes into account the axial stress resultant from the fiber‐section model, and the compressive strength of masonry in the fiber‐section model decreases when severe shear damage developed. The model has been calibrated and validated with experiment data. It has been demonstrated that it is able to reproduce experimental results from quasi‐static cyclic loading tests of single walls as well as shake‐table tests of wall systems with good accuracy. Furthermore, the ability of the proposed model to simulate the response of reinforced masonry shear wall systems subjected to bilateral seismic forces has been examined by comparing with results from a detailed finite element model.
An adaptive state of charge estimator for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Ali Muhammad U. , Khan Hafiz F. , Masood Haris , Kallu Karam D. , Ibrahim Malik M. , Zafar Amad , Oh Semin , Kim Sangil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presents a data‐driven approach in conjunction with an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) to estimate lithium‐ion batteries' state of charge (SOC) online. The Thevenin battery model is used to evaluate the effects using battery voltage and current. The advantages of the Lagrange multiplier method are utilized to model the lithium‐ion battery. The Lagrange multiplier method continuously decreases the model error to adjust the Kalman gain of AEKF for accurate SOC estimation. Various current profiles such as hybrid pulse test, dynamic stress test, and Beijing dynamic stress test are used to verify the proposed approach's adaptability, robustness, and accuracy. It is observed that the proposed approach outperforms other methodologies (recursive least square–AEKF and forgetting factor recursive least square–AEKF) due to its high accuracy (mean average error of 0.32%). Additionally, the proposed approach exhibits robustness and high convergence speed despite deliberate erroneous initialization of parameters, thus indicating its applicability in online SOC estimation applications.
Roof deformation characteristics and experimental verification of advanced coupling support system supporting roadway
Authors: Zhang Kun , Li Yuxia , Feng Long , Meng Xiangjun , Zhong Donghu , Huang Liangsong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe advanced hydraulic support group combined with bolts (cables) constitutes the advanced coupling support system, which can ensure the stability of coal mine roadway safely and effectively. To explore the influence of the initial bearing capacity of the advanced hydraulic support on roadway roof deformation under anchor bar (cable) action. According to the actual geological conditions and roadway support of the 15106 working faces in Pingshuo Coal Mine, Yangquan, and Shanxi. Based on the change in the stress and displacement of the half‐space body under normal force in elastic theory and combined with the linear superposition principle, the contact mechanics model of the advanced hydraulic support group and roadway roof under anchorage is established. Selecting the measured anchor bar (cable) preload in the coal mine as the input load of the model, the stress and displacement distribution of the roadway roof under different initial bearing capacities are calculated. The calculation results show that the stress and displacement of the roadway roof along the axis exhibit a “symmetrical distribution” and the whole roadway exhibits a “saddle surface” gradient distribution during the active support of advanced hydraulic support under anchorage. The increase in the initial bearing capacity of the advanced hydraulic support has a great influence on the support effect in the middle area of the roadway and has a relatively small influence on the support effect in the surrounding area of the roof. With an increase in an initial support capacity, the stress gradient changes violently but substantially less than it would under the crushing strength of the surrounding rock. Using the similar simulation experiment theory, a similar simulation experiment roadway was established at 1:40, and the simulation experiment of an advanced hydraulic support coupling active support under anchor protection was carried out. The maximum error percentage of the theoretical calculation and experimental results of roof deformation under different initial bearing capacities is 19.51%, and the maximum error percentage of stress is 13.77%. The accuracy of the distribution law of roof stress and displacement under the initial bearing capacity in the process of active support obtained by theoretical calculation is verified. The research results provide a theoretical basis for advanced coupling adaptive support and the control of fully mechanized mining faces.