bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Adding Di-Tan Decoction (DTD) and/or Electroacupuncture (EA) to Standard Swallowing Rehabilitation Training (SRT) for Improving Poststroke Dysphagia (PSD): A Pilot, Single-Centred, Randomized Trial
Authors: Shao Xiangzhi , Chen Bing , Zhu Lielie , Zhu Lili , Zheng Jinyihui , Pu Xinyu , Chen Jiajun , Xia Jianning , Wu Xinming , Zhang Jiacheng , Wu Dengchong 
Published: December 2022

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of adding Di-tan decoction (DTD) and/or electroacupuncture (EA) to standard swallowing rehabilitation training (SRT) on improving PSD. Methods. In total, 80 PSD patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the DTD, EA, DTD + EA or control group at a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. All patients received basic treatment and standard SRT. The DTD group received DTD orally, the EA group received EA, the DTD + EA group received both DTD and EA simultaneously, and the control group received only basic treatment and standard SRT. The interventions lasted for 4 weeks. The outcome measurements included the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) and Swallowing-Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL), performed and scored from baseline to 2, 4, and 6 weeks after intervention, and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS), scored at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Scores were compared over time by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) among all groups. Interactions between interventions were explored using factorial design analysis. Results. (1) The effective rates (ERs) for PSD treatment were higher in the DTD, EA and DTD + EA groups than in the control group (all

P

< 0.05). The ER was higher in the DTD + EA group than in the DTD or EA group (both

P

< 0.05). (2) There were significant group effects, time effects and interactions for the SSA and SWAL-QOL scores (all

P

< 0.05). All groups showed decreasing trends in SSA scores and increasing trends in SWAL-QOL scores over time from baseline to 6 weeks after intervention (all

P

< 0.01). (3) Factorial design analysis for ΔVDS showed that there was a significant main effect for DTD intervention (F = 11.877,

P

< 0.01) and for EA intervention (F = 29.357,

P

< 0.01). However, there was no significant interaction effect between DTD and EA (F = 0.133,

P

= 0.717). Multiple comparisons showed that the DTD, EA and DTD + EA groups all had higher ΔVDS values than the control group (

P

< 0.05). The DTD + EA group had a higher ΔVDS than the DTD or EA group (both

P

< 0.05). (4) Most adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusions. Adding DTD or EA to SRT can better improve PSD than applying SRT alone. Adding DTD and EA simultaneously can accelerate and amplify the recovery of swallowing function versus DTD or EA alone, and both are effective and safe treatments, alone or jointly, for PSD and are a powerful supplement to routine treatments.
Editing as an Act of Intersemiotic Translation in A City of Sadness: From Poetic Language to Cinematic Language
Authors: Chih Vivian Szu-Chin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A City of Sadness (1989) is a groundbreaking Taiwan film classic directed by Hou Hsiao-Hsien. This research paper aims to comment on and contribute to academic discussions of the film by investigating the performance of Chinese poetics in Liao Ching-Song’s editing. Using an inverted sequence of the February 28 Incident as an example, this paper explores the film editor’s cultural discourse of Du Fu’s influence on his own Qi-Yun editing method that he employed to edit the sequence. Through dialogues between the ancient and the contemporary, poetics and narratives, subjectivity and objectivity, as well as the theories of Roman Jakobson, Wai-lim Yip, Pier Paolo Pasolini, and David Bordwell, this paper provides a fresh perspective for re-examining the once harshly criticised method of cinematic ellipses in the film, reaffirming the film’s aesthetic function of allowing audiences to re-access a past obliterated from modern Taiwanese history.
Salivary Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase and IgA as biomarkers for Type I Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohandas Rahul , Ramani Pratibha , Mohapatra Subhashree 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, which is caused by progressive destruction of the β-islet cells of the pancreas. Aminotransferases participate in the interconversion of amino acids and oxalic acids by transfer of amino groups. Organ damage leads to leakage of transaminases into the blood. IgA is the only immunoglobulin that is found in saliva and forms the first line of defense. Alteration in the levels of secretory IgA often indicates a local or systemic disease. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of salivary aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and IgA as biomarkers for T1DM patients. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers using PubMed, Medline and Google scholar without any date filter. The inclusion criteria included case control and cross-sectional studies. Publications in languages other than English, review articles, letters to the editor, and studies done on animal models were excluded from the review. The difference in the levels of salivary AST, ALT, or IgA in T1DM patients and in healthy individuals were compared. Risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: A total of eight relevant articles were assessed, out of which three studies showed elevated salivary AST and ALT levels and five studies showed elevated salivary IgA levels in patients with T1DM. Conclusion: Our review reflected that salivary AST, ALT, and IgA were elevated in T1DM patients, and they can be used for monitoring these patients. Further studies are needed to establish the diagnostic accuracy of these parameters for clinical application.
Depressed Classes: The True Unmarriageables Within the Hindu Social Order
Authors: Siddharthar A. B. Karl Marx 
Published: December 2022

To dispel all the needless interpretations and confusions about the caste and to compel all the scholars, academicians, legislators, politicians and even the masses not to deviate themselves from the precise definition of caste in the matters of annihilation of caste, emancipation of Depressed Classes, reservation, etc. is what this article aims to achieve. The concept of ‘unmarriageability’ and the nomenclature of ‘unmarriageables’ introduced in this article is merely an extended reinterpretation of Dr Ambedkar’s finding in his Doctoral Thesis that caste is nothing but the mechanism of endogamy. Hence, it became inevitable to quote the writings of Dr Ambedkar for the better understanding about caste and untouchability—the premises based on which the entire article is constructed. The article justifies why the concept of ‘unmarriageability’ should be specifically considered in the context of Dalits. While a careless interpretation would make each caste unmarriageable to the rest, it is established that the Depressed Classes (Dalits) are the true unmarriageables within the Hindu social order. Also, the term ‘unmarriageables’ for the Depressed Classes is introduced in this article.
CD97 serves as a novel biomarker of immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Qiuming , Li Lu , Li Xiaokai , Li Wang , Zhang Xibing , Dong Yun , Han Lei , Wang Duo , Ran Jianghua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCD97 is the most widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor in the epidermal growth factor seven-span transmembrane family. It plays a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, and cell connection regulation. We explored the role of CD97 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe evaluated CD97 mRNA expression in HCC using TNMplot and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The clinical prognostic significance of CD97 in HCC patients was evaluated by gene expression profiling interactive analysis, the Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the UALCAN database. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT databases were used to analyze the relationships among CD97, genes positively related with CD97, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.ResultsCD97 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was associated with an adverse prognosis. CD97 and genes positively related with CD97 were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages (allr≥ 0.513,P< 0.001). CD97 was positively correlated with M2 macrophage and tumor-associated macrophage markers (bothr≥ 0.464,P< 0.001). CD97 was found to be an immune-related gene in HCC and positively correlated with the TOX, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, and PD-1 immune checkpoint genes. CD97 copy number alterations affect the level of immune cell infiltration and mRNA expression.ConclusionsCD97 can be used as a potential molecular marker of prognosis in HCC, which is associated with immune cell infiltration.
Optimization of the preoperative requirements of blood units for the surgical treatment of extra-abdominal soft tissue sarcoma: the TRANSAR score
Authors: Farzaliyev Farhad , Steinau Hans-Ulrich , Halmyradov Atajan , Malamutmann Eugen , Sleutel Arie , Illg Claudius , Podleska Lars Erik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesExcessive preoperative blood orders frequently occur during the preoperative planning of resections of sarcomas. We aimed to develop a prediction score model that would be able to identify a patient cohort in which the cross-matching could be safely evaded.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of 309 consecutive patients with extra-abdominal soft tissue sarcomas treated between September 2012 and December 2014. Scorecard scores for variables were calculated and summarized to a total score that can be used for risk stratification. The score was used in a logistic regression model. Results of the optimized model were described as a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsPreoperative units of red blood cells were requested for 206 (66.7%) patients, of which only 31 (10%) received them. Five parameters were identified with high predictive power. In the visualized barplot, there was an increased risk of blood transfusion with a higher score of TRANSAR.ConclusionA TRANSAR score is a new tool that can predict the probability of transfusion for patients with sarcoma. This may reduce the number of preoperative cross-matching and blood product ordering and associated costs without compromising patient care.
Influence of ABO blood group on susceptibility to different pathological types of lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Haotian , Zeng Xianjun , Zhang Yu , Tong Weilai , Yao Geliang , Lan Chunyu , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili , Zhong Nanshan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Current research has shown a link between ABO blood group and many diseases. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the influence of the ABO blood group on the risk of developing different pathological types of lung cancer.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was composed of 7681 patients with lung cancer and 12, 671 non-lung cancer patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2016 to January 2021. The subjects with lung cancer were grouped into small cell lung cancer group (n = 725), lung adenocarcinoma group (n = 4520), and lung squamous cell carcinoma group (n = 2286) according to pathological types. The ABO blood group distribution of each lung cancer type group was compared with that of the control group. Statistical analysis was determined with chi-square and logistic regression.

Results
Univariate analysis showed that the ABO blood group distribution of lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer was different from that of the control group (P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and drinking history, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in blood type O was higher than that in blood type A (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in ABO blood group composition between small cell lung cancer group, lung squamous cell carcinoma group, and control group (P > 0.05). In addition, gender and age have an influence on all three types of lung cancer (P < 0.01). Smoking was a risk factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
ABO blood group may be correlated with the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma in Jiangxi province, but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SWI/SNF complex subunits in undifferentiated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhenkun , Li Qiujing , Sun Shanshan , Li Zhe , Cui Zheng Guo , Zhang Menglan , Liu Qian , Zhang Yujie , Xiong Sili , Zhang Shukun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex is an evolutionarily conserved chromatin remodeling complex that displays dysfunction in many tumors, especially undifferentiated carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a special type of undifferentiated cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play an essential role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In undifferentiated gastric carcinomas, the association of SWI/SNF complexes with clinicopathological features, CSC phenotype, and the prognosis is not fully understood.

Methods
We collected a cohort of 21 patients with undifferentiated/dedifferentiated gastric carcinoma. We next performed immunohistochemistry staining for the five subunits of the SWI/SNF complex (ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1), and four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), as well as other markers such as p53, PD-L1, and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (SOX2, SALL4). Then, we investigated the correlation of SWI/SNF complex subunits with clinicopathological characters and performed prognostic analysis.

Results
We observed SMARCA2 loss in 12 cases (57.14%), followed by ARID1A (5 cases, 23.81%) and SMARCA4 (3 cases, 14.29%). Fourteen cases (66.67%) lost any one of the SWI/SNF complex subunits, including 3 cases with SMARCA2 and ARID1A co-loss, and 3 cases with SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 co-loss. Correlation analysis revealed that the CSC phenotype occurred more frequently in the SWI/SNF complex deficient group (P = 0.0158). Survival analysis revealed that SWI/WNF complex deficiency, undifferentiated status, CSC phenotype, and the loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 resulted in worse survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses screened out three independent factors associated with worse prognosis: undifferentiated status, SWI/SNF complex deficiency, and lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions
The SWI/SNF complex deficiency was more likely to result in a CSC phenotype and worse survival and was an independent prognostic factor in undifferentiated/dedifferentiated gastric carcinoma.
The amino acid and carnitine concentration changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung cancer patients
Authors: Sun Xiaojun , Xu Mengmin , Ding Liren , Yang Guobiao , Kong Jianlong , Zhu Yafang , Chen Xuefang , Xu Liang , Shan Yisha , Xu Yupin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To screen out potential biomarkers by analyzing fundamental nutrients in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) before confirming the lung cancer.

Methods
In this study, 44 patients were enrolled with clinical information. The concentrations of 23 amino acids and 35 carnitines in their BALF were detected with the high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Combined with clinicopathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into the lung cancer group (grades I & II and III & IV) and the non-cancer group for standard statistical analysis.

Results
The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Bonferroni correction results showed that the serine concentration was higher and the butane-diacyl-carnitine (C4DC) concentration was lower in the lung cancer group, further showing the same changing trend continuously through the non-cancer stage, grades I & II stage and grades III & IV stage. Those two potential biomarkers have been identified.

Conclusion
The HPLC–MS target detection in clinic for nutrient concentration levels is a promising technique to find the changing concentration of serine and C4DC in BALF, which provides an economical and practical way for early warning of lung cancer.
Analyzing the role of reoperation in recurrent glioblastoma: a 15-year retrospective study in a single institution
Authors: González Víctor , Brell Marta , Fuster José , Moratinos Lesmes , Alegre Daniel , López Sofía , Ibáñez Javier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Multiple treatment options at glioblastoma progression exist, including reintervention, reirradiation, additional systemic therapy, and novel strategies. No alternative has been proven to be superior in terms of postprogression survival (PPS). A second surgery has shown conflicting evidence in the literature regarding its prognostic impact, possibly affected by selection bias, and might benefit a sparse subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The present study aims to determine the prognostic influence of salvage procedures in a cohort of patients treated in the same institution over 15 years.

Methods
Three hundred and fifty patients with confirmed primary glioblastoma diagnosed and treated between 2005 and 2019 were selected. To examine the role of reoperation, we intended to create comparable groups, previously excluding all diagnostic biopsies and patients who were not actively treated after the first surgery or at disease progression. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed, considering reintervention as a time-fixed or time-dependent covariate. The endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and PPS.

Results
At progression, 33 patients received a second surgery and 84 were treated with chemotherapy only. Clinical variables were similar among groups. OS, but not PPS, was superior in the reintervention group. Treatment modality had no impact in our multivariate Cox regression models considering OS or PPS as the endpoint.

Conclusions
The association of reoperation with improved prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma is unclear and may be influenced by selection bias. Regardless of our selective indications and high gross total resection rates in second procedures, we could not observe a survival advantage.
Laparoscopic liver resection is associated with less significant muscle loss than the conventional open approach
Authors: Gau Ruoh-Yun , Tsai Hsin-I , Yu Ming-Chin , Chan Kun-Ming , Lee Wei-Chen , Wang Haw-En , Wang Sheng-Fu , Cheng Mei-Ling , Chiu Chien-Chih , Chen Hsin-Yi , Lee Chao-Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) have been shown a treatment approach comparable to open liver resections (OLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the influence of procedural type on body composition has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to compare the degree of skeletal muscle loss between LLR and OLR for HCC.

Methods
By using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, 64 pairs of patients were enrolled. The change of psoas muscle index (PMI) after the operation was compared between the matched patients in the LLR and OLR. Risk factors for significant muscle loss (defined as change in PMI > mean change minus one standard deviation) were further investigated by multivariate analysis.

Results
Among patients enrolled, there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The PMI was significantly decreased in the OLR group (P = 0.003). There were also more patients in the OLR group who developed significant muscle loss after the operations (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed OLR (P = 0.023), type 2 diabetes mellitus, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-15) > 10%, and cancer stage ≧ 3 were independent risk factors for significant muscle loss. In addition, significant muscle loss was associated with early HCC recurrence (P = 0.006). Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the urea cycle may be decreased in patients with significant muscle loss.

Conclusion
LLR for HCC was associated with less significant muscle loss than OLR. Since significant muscle loss was a predictive factor for early tumor recurrence and associated with impaired liver metabolism, LLR may subsequently result in a more favorable outcome.
Interaction of sex and diabetes on the association between hemoglobin glycation index, hemoglobin A1c and serum uric acid
Authors: Wei Ying , Wu Zhenyu , Wang Ying , Wang Guang , Liu Jia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), which is calculated by blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), reflects the individual discrepancy in HbA1c. This study aimed to investigate the association between HGI/HbA1c and serum uric acid(SUA) stratified by sex and diabetes.

Methods
The study recruited 33772 participants who underwent physical examinations between April 2016 and August 2021 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. A random subsample of 3000 subjects was utilized to calculate the formula of HGI and data of the remaining 30772 participants were used for analysis. HGI and HbA1c were categorized according to quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), using Q1 as the reference. We used multiple linear regression and restricted cubic splines for data analysis.

Results
30772 participants with a mean age of 44.4 years old were included in the analysis, 48.6% (N = 14944) of which were female and 7.7% (N = 2363) with diabetes. Associations of HGI, HbA1c and SUA were modified by sex and diabetes. The relationship between SUA levels and HGI was positive in women without diabetes, with one unit increase in HGI associating with an 11.3 μmol/L increase in SUA (P < 0.001) after adjusting for other confounders. On average, each one-unit increase in HbA1c was associated with a 14.3 μmol/L decrease in SUA in women with diabetes, a 14.9 μmol/L decrease in SUA in men with diabetes, and a 16.5 μmol/L increase in SUA in women without diabetes (all P < 0.001). The SUA levels in men without diabetes showed a bell-shaped relation with HbA1c, increasing as the HbA1c rose to around 5.7% and then falling with a further increase of HbA1c (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
SUA levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c in diabetic patients, also in men with prediabetes (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%), but positively correlated with HbA1c and HGI in women without diabetes. Glycemic control may help to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia in non-diabetes women.