bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of compulsory treatment by early career psychiatrists: Findings from an international survey
Authors: Chumakov E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyIntroductionEarly Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) are routinely at the front line of clinical practice worldwide, including the use of compulsory measures in psychiatry. However, ECPs practice in this aspect is understudied.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were (i) to clarify whether ECPs experience any difficulties in the process of compulsory psychiatric care; and (ii) to find out how ECPs consider compulsory measures in psychiatry.MethodsAn online anonymous survey of ECPs around the world was conducted in July-August 2019. The final sample had 142 psychiatrists (53% female; mean age 32.3±3.1) from 43 countries. Results. 96% of the Early Career Psychiatrists who responded to this survey agree with the continued use of the current legal framework for compulsory psychiatric treatment in their country, either with or without amendments. More than half of the respondents (57%) reported difficulties in providing compulsory psychiatric care due to either challenging interactions with the courts, documentation issues or moral concerns. Over half of the participants (53%) were keen to reform the legal procedures for compulsory psychiatric care in their countries.ConclusionsThe study has shown that there is an agreement among ECPs around the world that legal compulsory psychiatric care procedures are relevant and useful in clinical practice under certain circumstances. As stakeholders, ECPs could be encouraged and involved in adding their own experience and opinions to the debate on the employment of coercion in psychiatry as an ethical and legal issue.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lithium in severe affective disorders: Balancing safety with efficacy
Authors: Leite R. Almeida , Almeida M. , Borges J. , Costa A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLithium has been one of the oldest substances used in psychiatric treatments and remains the first-line treatment for prevention of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD), but it has also a wide spectrum of side-effects.ObjectivesThe goal is to review efficacy, and clinical use of lithium, such as its side effects, and its benefit-to-risk ratio.MethodsNon-systematic literature review based on scientific databases such as PubMed.ResultsThe first modern use of lithium was for the treatment of mania. Lithium has also proven useful in major depression, particularly for augmentation of antidepressants, for aggressive behavior and it has a specific antisuicide effect. Lithium’s prophylactic and antisuicidal effects are most unique. However, the use of lithium became problematic due to the serious toxicity since lithium also a narrow therapeutic index, with therapeutic levels between 0.6 and 1.5 mEq/L.ConclusionsAwareness of the benefits and risks of lithium is essential for the use of this lifesaving agent. Lithium levels must be carefully monitored and lithium dosage adjusted as necessary.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs in depression disorders
Authors: Trigo M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses, leading to important personal distress and economic consequences. Treatment is long, often involving psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, and relapses are frequent. Used mostly for treatment of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were studied in the 1950’s and showed therapeutic promise in attenuating depressive symptoms. However, in the 1960s all major psychedelic research programs were ended. Recently, there is a renewed research interest in these drugs, considering its antidepressant potential.ObjectivesTo review current knowledge on the therapeutic uses of psychedelic drugs such as LSD in depression disorders.MethodsReview of the most recent literature regarding the therapeutical potential of psychedelic drugs such as LSD in depression disorders. The research was carried out through the UptoDate, PubMed, MedLine, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases, using the terms “LSD”, “psychedelic drugs” and “depression disorders”, until December 2020.ResultsAs in past scientific studies, data of recent clinical research shows that the use of LSD relieves distress concerning death, particularly in terminally ill oncologic patients, and addictions including alcoholism and nicotine. There is more limited data concerning the use of classic hallucinogens to treat depression and anxiety disorders.ConclusionsAlthough research has shown many of the neurobiological and psychological effects of classic hallucinogens on humans, the studies that have been completed to date are not sufficient to establish clinically relevant effects. Despite further research is needed, the outcomes are encouraging, and larger, well-designed, placebo-controlled trials are now underway or being planned.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Extrapyramidal symptoms as a consequence of organophosphate poisoning: Insights from a clinical case
Authors: Correia J. Martins , Ramos S. Freitas , Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca Marinho , Jesus B. , E Sousa D. Cruz , Caetano S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe development of an extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) is assumed to be a potential and important consequence of organophosphate poisoning (OP). Even though its causal relationship is firmly established, the information available in the literature regarding the orientation to be given is scarce, and its approach remains shrouded in a significant degree of uncertainty. Catatonia, as a neuropsychiatric condition, may present a marked overlap with the set of extrapyramidal symptoms developed after OP. Does the overlap between the symptoms seen in catatonia and in EPS make differential diagnosis fundamental or does it have no relevance in relation to the approach to be established?ObjectivesTo discuss the therapeutic approach to be implemented in the extrapyramidal symptoms resulting from OP and reflect on the overlap between catatonia and EPS.MethodsPresentation of a clinical case and review of the literature.ResultsA 50-year-old woman with major depressive disorder developed a condition marked by exuberant extrapyramidal symptoms 3 weeks after OP. Significant stiffness, tremor, dysphagia and facial hypomimia were some of the symptoms observed. Therapy was started with amantadine 100mg daily, with complete resolution of the symptoms after 5 days. Follow-up revealed reversal of extrapyramidal symptoms, in the absence of any neuroimaging changes or any other neuropsychiatric manifestations.ConclusionsThe possible overlap between catatonia and EPS is remarkable. The two conditions, regardless of their differentiation, may benefit from an identical approach using dopaminergic drugs. The use of amantadine, even in low doses, may be an option in the rapid reversal of extrapyramidal symptoms resulting from OP.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy as life-saving in an acute catatonic syndrome associated with bipolar disorder: A case report
Authors: Leite R. Almeida , Costa A. , Borges J. , Alcafache J. , Mesquita A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an onset of a dysfunction in psychomotor activity and/or muscle tone, which may be associated with changes in consciousness, affect, and thinking. It is characterized by negativism, wax flexibility, catalepsy, mutism echolalia, ecopraxia, or stupor. It was first described in 1874 by Kahlbaum, who characterized it as specific motor disorder associated with different psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin and Bleuler restricted catatonia to a specific subtype of schizophrenia. However, the association between catatonia and other disorders, notably mood disorders, has been reinstated, including Bipolar Disorder. Its etiology is multiple and there are two severe forms: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Malignant Catatonia (MC). These are syndromes that present high mortality, and the health professional should be aware of its etiology, signs, symptoms, evaluation and treatment.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to present a clinical case of MC, who was sustained by literature included on scientific platforms.MethodsCase reportResults
It is essential to recognize the different clinical presentations of catatonia, taking into account that these are psychiatric alterations in which urgent intervention is justified. In the presented case, the use of antipsychotic medication has worsened the motor function and its suspension, associated with the introduction of lorazepam, resulted in a slight improvement. The electroconvulsive therapy was the last resort, fully succeeded.ConclusionsThe relationship between SMN and Catatonia/MC remains nuclear from a psychopathological and pathophysiological point of view. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that catatonia represents a very significant risk factor for NMS.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dynamics of clinical and psychological indicators of patients with anxiety neurotic disorders in the treatment of short-term individual analytic-cathartic therapy
Authors: Ilchenko E. , Karavaeva T. , Abritalin E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnalytical-cathartic therapy (ACTA), a modern model of psychotherapy, the theoretical basis of which is the psychology of relations of V.N. Myasishchev. ACTA is intended for the treatment of emotional disorders; the study of the dynamics of clinical and pathopsychological characteristics has not been previously conducted.ObjectivesTo assess the dynamics of the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with neurotic disorders, in whose clinical picture anxiety syndrome predominated, in the process of an individual ACTA.MethodsA specially designed semi-structured interview, HARS, and the CGI (CGI-S - disease severity, CGI-I - improvement dynamics). The study group (N = 90) included patients with neurotic disorders, whose clinical picture was dominated by anxiety syndromeAKTA course 12 sessions 3 times a week for 60 minutes. Psychopharmacotherapy during the period of psychotherapeutic treatment in patients was not carried out.ResultsThe study of ACTA was carried out before, after treatment and in the follow-up.The overall decrease in the HARS score was 73.8% - the high success of the therapy in relation to the reduction of anxiety.
On the CGI-I scale - improvement from minimal to significant. On the CGI-S scale, no more than mild disease severity (p <0.01). The change in the CGI scale also indicates the success of the therapy.ConclusionsAs a result of the study, clinical indicators were determined, on the basis of changes in which in dynamics the success of the treatment can be assessed. ACTA allows to clearly reduce anxiety and improve the general condition of patients with neurotic disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Social isolation and physical distance: Experiences from a phone pal
Authors: Pinto Da Costa M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyPeople with psychosis are commonly socially isolated, both due to their condition, and the stigma towards them. Remote volunteering over smart-phone can be a way to overcome social isolation and physical distance, promoting social inclusion. This talk will present the qualitative findings from a feasibility study – the Phone Pal – which connected in the United Kingdom patients with psychosis with community volunteers, to communicate with each other for up to 12 weeks via smart-phone (through texts, WhatsApp messages, e-mails, audio or video calls). Participants described at the end of the study their experiences of communicating with their match over the smart-phone in terms of frequency, duration and timing of communication, their communication method, content and style, and the changes of communication over time. Several participants reported a positive impact of being connected with someone, meeting a new person, feeling supported and feeling better, and a few described challenges, such as disappointment, guilt and burden. These interview findings show that some matches were able to develop a positive and friendly relationship, and were willing to continue to be in contact with each other beyond the study duration. It is hoped that this talk will generate a lively discussion, gathering further understanding about the potential benefits and challenges of remote volunteering over smart-phone for patients and volunteers, and its potential usefulness in the current pandemic times.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Attentional functioning after two online mindfulness-based group interventions: Acceptance and commitment therapy and a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. Preliminary results
Authors: Navarro-Oliver G. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Torrea-Araiz I. , Castellanos-Villaverde T. , Vidal-Bermejo E. , Hospital-Moreno A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The relationship between attentional functioning and mindfulness is an intensive field of study, mainly in face-to-face interventions. However, no neuropsychological study addressed the effect of online mindfulness-based interventions on this cognitive function.ObjectivesTo assess changes on attentional functioning after two online mindfulness-based group interventions in adult patients with anxiety disorders.MethodsThis study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Spain (Colmenar Viejo, Madrid). Thirteen adult patients (age mean = 51.69 years, ranging from 33 to 69 years, S.D. = 11.56) with anxiety disorders completed the interventions. The group treatments were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation intervention, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. Both interventions were carried out online. The dependent variables were the scores on the TMT-A (seconds), Digit span forward and Longest digit span forward (WAIS-IV). A comparison of paired-means was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p < .05.ResultsThe normality assumption was met except for Longest digit span forward. The paired t-test showed statistically significant change between pre-treatment and post-treatment on TMT-A [t(12)= 3.81; p = 0.002; Cohen’s d = 1.056; statistical power observed = 94.0%], but not on Digit span forward (p = .45). Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed no statistically significant change on Longest digit span forward (p = .56).ConclusionsThese results show a large improvement on visual attention and speed of visuomotor tracking, but not on auditive attention, after both online mindfulness-based group interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
TMT-B after two online mindfulness-based group interventions: Acceptance and commitment therapy and a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. Preliminary results
Authors: Torrea-Araiz I. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Navarro-Oliver G. , Vidal-Bermejo E. , Castellanos-Villaverde T. , Hospital-Moreno A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere are no studies which address the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive flexibility in interventions carried out online. This is the first study to examine the effect of two online mindfulness-based interventions on this cognitive function.ObjectivesTo assess changes on cognitive flexibility after two online mindfulness-based group interventions in adult patients with anxiety disorders.MethodsThis study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Spain (Colmenar Viejo, Madrid). Thirteen adult patients (age mean = 51.69 years, ranging from 33 to 69 years, S.D. = 11.56) with anxiety disorders completed the interventions. The group treatments were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation intervention, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. Both interventions were carried out online. The dependent variable was the score on the TMT-B (seconds). A comparison of paired-means was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p < .05.ResultsThe normality assumption was met. Statistical power observed = 70.0%. The paired t-test showed statistically significant change between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p = 0.019; Cohen’s d = 0.75), indicating improvement on cognitive flexibility.ConclusionsThese results show a statistically significant and medium/large effect-size change in cognitive flexibility after the two online interventions based on mindfulness. A larger sample size is required to confirm these results. Moreover, other studies need to examine the reliable change on this neuropsychological outcome.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An assessment of the content of discharge summaries at Mount Carmel Hospital, Malta
Authors: Camilleri E. , Grech G. , Farrugia Y. , Padovani J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDischarge summaries are the mainstay of intra and inter-departmental communication, ensuring continuity of care. Local instructions fail to provide clear guidance to foundation doctors to ensure standardised discharge summaries.ObjectivesThe audit aimed to assess the inclusion of information within discharge summaries at Mount Carmel Hospital, Malta. A secondary objective was to update the current online discharge summary framework.MethodsStratified random sampling was used to select 120 discharge summaries, issued between October 2018 and September 2019. These were chosen out of a total of 956 discharge summaries issued during the period. The inclusion of information was analysed against the National Standard for Patient Discharge Summary Information issued by the Health Information and Quality Authority, Ireland. Data was collected and grouped into seven categories each containing multiple data points.ResultsPatient details were present in all discharge summaries while no details relating to the primary care healthcare professional were documented. The average information inclusion rate regarding admission, discharge and medications was 85%. Average clinical information was documented in 50% while that of future management and person completing discharge summary was found in 41% and 28% respectively (as per Table 1). Encouragingly, discharge summaries contained mandatory information more frequently than conditional or optional information.ConclusionsThis audit has identified deficiencies in current discharge summary practices and gives recommendations for the development of local guidelines.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relation between communicative internet usage and the quality of the social adaptation in men with mental disorders
Authors: Boyko O. , Medvedeva T. , Enikolopov S. , Vorontsova O. , Kazmina O. , Omelchenko M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe internet is now widely used by people with mental disorders, and it is important to understand whether the internet use can affect the mental state of such people.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the relation between the internet usage for communication and the quality of the social adaptation in men with mental disorders.Methods82 male patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20) were involved into the study (mean age 22±4.3). Methods: SCL-90R, “social circle” inventory (Susan L., Phillips), semi-structured interview of “internet usage” (“communicative internet usage” consists of communication in on-line games, use of the internet social networks for communication, use the internet to find new friends, maintaining relationships with relatives, friends, colleagues.ResultsTwo groups of patients were considered: those who use internet for communicative purposes (N=61) and those who do not (N=21).According to the analysis (Mann-Witney U-test, hereinafter significance level *p<0.05), those who use the internet for communication have lower levels of psychotic symptoms (PSY) (U=446*), lower levels of “depression” (U=453*). Those who use the internet for communication have more people in social circle to spend free time (U=910,5*), having the same occupation (U=860*), having the same interests (U=867,5*) and sharing the same values (U=873*).They have more friends (U=804*), peers (U=814*), more women among friends (U=793*), more people to provide instrumental support (U=761,5*).ConclusionsPatients, who use the internet for communications, have a lower levels of psychopathological symptoms and higher quality of social adaptation. This indicates a possible potential of the internet for mental health rehabilitation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Zoanthropy in confinement
Authors: Guerra M.F. Tascon , Rodrigo M.V. López 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionZoanthropy is a mental disorder in which a patient believes to be an animal. These patients believe they have morphed into another species and began to act like such. Several types of zoanthropy have been described. Mental disorders can be triggered by stressful life events in patients with certain vulnerability. Hearing impairment as a risk factor for psychosis has been suggested in Psychiatry research. The potential mechanisms underlying this association included loneliness, diminished theory of mind, disturbances of source monitoring and top-down processing and deafferentiation.ObjectivesThis case presents a patient, with no history of psychiatric diseases, who developed the delirious of being a dog during Codiv-19 quarantine.MethodsPreviously healthy, sixty-year-old woman, with poor hearing, was taken to the Hospital for altered behavior after the confinement was stated. A low back pain started which derived on walking difficulties. The transformation begun and she started walking on four legs, barked and even pooped like a dog. Physical examination was normal. Mental exam revealed presence of delusion. Blood tests and brain imaging revealed no abnormalities. A treatment based on long-acting injectable aripiprazole was started.ResultsWithin 4 months of treatment, her mental state improved by attenuation of psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsSensory impairment and social isolation, have been associated with late-onset psychosis, but appear to exert a nonspecific influence on vulnerability. Early assessment and treatment of hearing impairment in patients with high risk of psychosis may be essential in psychosis treatment and prevention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.