bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the perception and readiness of Pharmacists towards telepharmacy implementation; a cross sectional analysis
Authors: Muhammad Khayal , Baraka Mohamed A. , Shah Syed Sikandar , Butt Muhammad Hammad , Wali Haytham , Saqlain Muhammad , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Hayat Khezar , Fahelelbom Khairi Mustafa , Joseph Royes , Khan Yusra Habib 
Published: May 2022

Background
Amid the turbulent nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, telepharmacy has shifted the paradigm of patient care by leveraging digital medicine. Government mandated lockdowns and norms of social distancing have further underscored the need for telepharmacy. Many developed and developing countries implemented such initiatives where pharmacists have provided tele-pharmacy services via telecommunications. However, the implementation and utilization of tele-pharmacy services are quite negligible in resource limited settings due to financial and administrative constraints. This study was aimed to ascertain the perception and readiness of pharmacists working in various sectors of a resource limiting country.

Methodology
A cross sectional study was carried out in all provinces of Pakistan to explore the perceptions of pharmacists towards telepharmacy implementation through a 35-items study instrument. The collected data was analyzed descriptively and scored accordingly. The chi-square test was used for inferential analysis on pharmacist’s perception regarding implementation of tele-pharmacy with their demographics.

Results
Of 380 pharmacists, the mean age is 27.67 ± 3.67 years with a preponderance of male pharmacists (n = 238, 62.6%). The pharmacists (n = 321, 84.5%) perceived that telepharmacy implementation improves patient’s quality of life and decreases patients’ visits (n = 291, 76.6%). Overall, pharmacists (n = 227, 59.7%) had negative perception towards benefits of telepharmacy implementation, but pharmacists had positive perception towards eligibility (n = 258, 67.9%), regulatory issues (n = 271, 71.3%) and telepharmacy during pandemic and beyond (n = 312, 82.1%). In chi-square testing gender (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.03) had a significant association with perception regarding regulatory issues. Among perception regarding telepharmacy during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond age had a significant association (p = 0.03). Among perception regarding eligibility job location of pharmacists had significant association (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
The majority of pharmacists had a positive perception regarding the eligibility of patients and regulatory issues/legal framework regarding the implementation of tele-pharmacy, as well as its use during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The implementation of tele-pharmacy can play a major role in providing timely and better patient care to remote patient areas and may help in the prevention and treatment of different infectious diseases.
The Comparative Effects of Vitamin E + C on the Chronic Toxicity of Paraquat in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nnamdi Okolonkwo, Benjamin , Fyneface Amadi, Chikadibia , Okeke Chukwubike, Udoka , Ugochukwu Nyenke, Clement 
Published: May 2022

Paraquat is a highly toxic chemical used in weed control. Paraquat is known for its ability to generate reactive oxygen species that attack cells and membranes. Vitamin E is a group of vitamins which dissolves in fat and possess antioxidant properties which act as a defense to the cells against oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen species, whereas Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin and a very potent antioxidant which protects the cells of the body from free radicals. The study aim was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of a combination therapy of vitamin E and C on biochemical markers of paraquat induced male albino rats. 200 male albino rats with 0.2±0.02 kg mean weight were used. The 200 rats were divided into four main groups with 50 rats within a group. The groups were labeled A, B C and D. The “A” group was neutral; “B” group was induced with 0.02 g, “C” 0.06g, and “D” 0.06 g of paraquat per kg rat every two weeks for three months. The main groups further had subgroups. “A” group had “A0” and “AVEC” subgroups; “B” group had “B0” and “BVEC” subgroups; “C” group had “C0” and “CVEC” subgroups; “D” group had “D0” and “DVEC” subgroups. “A0”, “B0”, “C0” and “D0” subgroups were not administered with vitamin E + C therapy while “AVEC”, “BVEC”, “CVEC” and “DVEC” were treated orally with 500 mg of vitamin E weekly and 2000 mg/l of vit C medicated water for one month. After then, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and analyzed for the liver function; T. bilirubin, D. bilirubin, T. protein, albumin, and globulin. ANOVA intergroup comparison of A0, B0, C0 and D0 was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intergroup comparison of AVEC, BVEC, CVEC and DVEC was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intra-group comparison showed significant difference only in total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin levels, p-value<0.05. This study therefore has shown that weekly treatment with Vit E + C in one month can treat liver toxicity in rats.
Immediate Effect of Ice Massage to Head and Spine vs Cooling Pranayamas on Heart Rate Variability in Hypertensives
Authors: Mukund Apoorva , Shashikiran H. C. , Shetty Shivaprasad , Shetty Prashanth 
Published: May 2022

Aims: To compare the immediate effect of Ice Massage (IM) to head and spine with cooling pranayama (sheetali and sheetkari pranayama) in hypertensive individuals on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability.
Study design: An open-label, randomized, clinical trial.
Methodology: 100 hypertensive subjects were selected and randomly allocated into Group 1(n=50) (cooling pranayama) and Group 2 (n=50) (ice massage to head and spine). Group 1 practiced each pranayama for 10 mins and Group 2 was administered ice massage for 20 minutes. Subjects were assessed for Blood pressure and HRV at baseline and after treatment.
Result: There was a significant decrease in the blood pressure, heart rate, and LF/HF ratio and an increase in the HF power, NN50, and pNN50 values in both the groups after ice massage and cooling pranayama. But there was a larger significance found in group 2 (ice massage to head and spine) blood pressure variables (P≤0.001***), VLF (P =0.002**), LF (P =0.003**).
Conclusion: The study showed that both ice massage to the head, spine and sheetali, sheetkari pranayama appeared to be effective means in the reduction of blood pressure. The immediate effect of ice massage on the head and spine is more effective in comparison to cooling pranayamas in the reduction of blood pressure in hypertensives.
BSLnO: Multi‐agent based distributed intrusion detection system using Bat Sea Lion Optimization‐based hybrid deep learning approach
Authors: Maram Balajee , Mandala Jyothi , Satish Aravapalli Rama 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIntrusion detection system (IDS) is a robust model that plays an essential role in dealing with intrusion detection, especially in detecting abnormal anomalies and unknown attacks. The major challenges faced by IDS are the computation time required for analysis, and the exchange of a huge amount of data from one division of the network to another. For the sake of tackling such limitations, this probe proposes a multi‐agent enabled IDS for detecting intrusions using the Bat Sea Lion Optimization (BSLnO) algorithm. The proposed strategy consists of five phases, namely pre‐processor agent, reducer agent, augmentation agent, classifier agent, and decision agent. Initially, input data is subjected to pre‐processor agent, where pre‐processing is carried out using data normalization and missing value imputation. Thereafter, the pre‐processed result is fed up to the reducer agent, where dimension reduction is carried out using mutual information. The third step is data augmentation in which the dimensionality of data is enhanced. After that, the augmented result is subjected to classifier agent to classify intrusions or malicious activities present in the network based on hybrid deep learning strategies, namely deep maxout network and deep residual network. A developed BSLnO is implemented by incorporating Bat Algorithm (BA) and Sea Lion Optimization (SLnO) algorithm to train the hybrid classifier. The proposed scheme has acquired a higher precision of 0.936, recall of 0.904, and F‐measure of 0.920.
Micro‐ and Nanorobots Meet DNA
Authors: Urso Mario , Pumera Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDNA, the well‐known molecule that carries the genetic information of almost all forms of life, represents a pivotal element in formulating intelligent and versatile micro/nanorobotic systems. DNA‐functionalized micro/nanorobots have opened new and exciting opportunities in many research areas due to the synergistic combination of self‐propulsion at the micro/nanoscale and the high specificity and programmability of DNA interactions. Here, their designs and applications are critically reviewed, which span from the use of DNA as the fuel to chemotactically power nanorobots toward cancer cells to DNA as the main building block for sophisticated phototactic biorobots, DNA nanodevices to self‐monitor microrobots’ activity status, DNA and RNA sensing, nucleic acids isolation, gene therapy, and water purification. The perspective on future directions of the field is also shared, envisioning DNA‐mediated reconfigurable assemblies of nanorobotic swarms.
Inosine‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogel for Highly Efficient PD‐L1 Blockade Therapy via Mediating CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Qi Jiajia , Ding Tingting , Liu Tiannan , Xia Xin , Wu Shihong , Liu Jiang , Chen Qianming , Zhang Dunfang , Zhao Hang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInosine is proven to promote the proliferation and function of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ T) under glucose restriction and enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) blockade therapy. However, systemic administration of high frequencies and large doses of inosine and anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (aPDL1) is required, which inevitably reduces bioavailability and causes severe immunological side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a drug delivery system to achieve gradient release of inosine and aPDL1 for local immunotherapy. In this study, an inosine‐based supramolecular hydrogel, inosine‐phenylenediboronic‐isoguanosine (IPBisoG), is successfully developed following a simple one‐pot procedure. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the biocompatible and biodegradable IPBisoG hydrogel displays excellent stability and self‐healing properties. Furthermore, the IPBisoG hydrogel is shown to achieve the gradual and sequential release of inosine and aPDL1. Inosine, which enhances the proliferation and function of CD8+ T cells, together with aPDL1, the blocker of the immunosuppressive pathway in tumor microenvironment, can highly enhance the in vivo efficacy of PD‐L1 blockade therapy. The employment of IPBisoG hydrogel is also shown to trigger systemic immune responses. These results demonstrate that IPBisoG hydrogel can be a promising platform for tumor‐local immunotherapy in the future.
Liquid‐Pressure‐Guided Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Adaptive Adhesion and Stability
Authors: Tan Yao , Yang Jinlong , Li Yong , Li Xiaomei , Wu Qian , Fan Yue , Yu Fanfei , Cui Jiaxi , Chen Longquan , Wang Dehui , Deng Xu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dynamic application environments of superhydrophobic surfaces, such as in the manufacturing, chemical, and garment industries, require the fast adaptiveness of the surfaces to their surroundings. Despite the progress in materials and structural design of superhydrophobic surfaces, simultaneously achieving high superhydrophobic stability and low adhesion by traditional design is still challenging. Here, a liquid‐pressure‐guided superhydrophobic surface with self‐adjustable solid–liquid stability, and adhesion is demonstrated when reacting to the dynamic environmental requirements. To understand the underlying adaptive processes, the liquid impalement dynamics is imaged in three dimensions by confocal microscopy and the stability and superhydrophobicity are measured in varied systems. It is envisioned that the design strategy of liquid‐pressure‐guided superhydrophobic surfaces with dynamic anti‐infiltration capability can stimulate the development of stable superhydrophobicity under complex wetting conditions.
Short‐Range Diffusion Enables General Synthesis of Medium‐Entropy Alloy Aerogels
Authors: Han Guanghui , Li Menggang , Liu Hu , Zhang Weiyu , He Lin , Tian Fenyang , Liu Yequn , Yu Yongsheng , Yang Weiwei , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedium‐entropy alloy aerogels (MEAAs) with the advantages of both multimetallic alloys and aerogels are promising new materials in catalytic applications. However, limited by the immiscible behavior of different metals, achieving single‐phase MEAAs is still a grand challenge. Herein, a general strategy for preparing ultralight 3D porous MEAAs with the lowest density of 39.3 mg cm−3 among the metal materials is reported, through combining auto‐combustion and subsequent low‐temperature reduction procedures. The homogenous mixing of precursors at the ionic level makes the short‐range diffusion of metal atoms possible to drive the formation of single‐phase MEAAs. As a proof of concept in catalysis, as‐synthesized Ni50Co15Fe30Cu5 MEAAs exhibit a high mass activity of 1.62 A mg−1 and specific activity of 132.24 mA cm−2 toward methanol oxidation reactions, much higher than those of the low‐entropy counterparts. In situ Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopies reveal that MEAAs can enable highly selective conversion of methanol to formate. Most importantly, a methanol‐oxidation‐assisted MEAAs‐based water electrolyzer can achieve a low cell voltage of 1.476 V at 10 mA cm−2 for making value‐added formate at the anode and H2 at the cathode, 173 mV lower than that of traditional alkaline water electrolyzers.
Progressive and Stable Synaptic Plasticity with Femtojoule Energy Consumption by the Interface Engineering of a Metal/Ferroelectric/Semiconductor
Authors: Kim Sohwi , Yoon Chansoo , Oh Gwangtaek , Lee Young Woong , Shin Minjeong , Kee Eun Hee , Park Bae Ho , Lee Ji Hye , Park Sanghyun , Kang Bo Soo , Kim Young Heon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the era of “big data,” the cognitive system of the human brain is being mimicked through hardware implementation of highly accurate neuromorphic computing by progressive weight update in synaptic electronics. Low‐energy synaptic operation requires both low reading current and short operation time to be applicable to large‐scale neuromorphic computing systems. In this study, an energy‐efficient synaptic device is implemented comprising a Ni/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT)/0.5 wt.% Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) heterojunction with a low reading current of 10 nA and short operation time of 20–100 ns. Ultralow femtojoule operation below 9 fJ at a synaptic event, which is comparable to the energy required for synaptic events in the human brain (10 fJ), is achieved by adjusting the Schottky barrier between the top electrode and ferroelectric film. Moreover, progressive domain switching in ferroelectric PZT successfully induces both low nonlinearity/asymmetry and good stability of the weight update. The synaptic device developed here can facilitate the development of large‐scale neuromorphic arrays for artificial neural networks with low energy consumption and high accuracy.
Collective reputation and food
Authors: Winfree Jason A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of the economic literature on food and collective reputation. Often both the quality of food and the producer of the food are not known at the time of purchase; therefore, consumers sometimes rely on a collective reputation for the expected quality. This collective reputation could be for a region, commodity, country, franchise, or cooperative. This paper summarizes the theoretical literature that illustrates incentives for firms and regions, as well as the empirical literature that analyzes collective reputation for various types of food. Recommendations for future work and policy implications are given.
Tuberous sclerosis complex‐associated nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Management and surgical outcomes
Authors: Evans Leah M. , Geenen Kennedy R. , O'Shea Aileen , Hedgire Sandeep S. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe aimed to further characterize pancreatic involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with a focus on management of TSC‐associated nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). This was a retrospective chart review of a large cohort of TSC patients. A total of 637 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TSC were seen at the Herscot Center for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex at Massachusetts General Hospital. Of the 637 total patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TSC, 28 patients were found to have varying pancreatic findings ranging from simple‐appearing cysts to well‐differentiated PNETs. Thirteen of the 28 patients had PNET confirmed on pathology; 10 of these tumors were resected at Massachusetts General Hospital. None of the patients had serious perioperative or postoperative complications; only one of the patients had a recurrence following resection. As roughly 4.4% of our TSC patient population had pancreatic involvement, surveillance abdominal imaging should include evaluation of the pancreas instead of limiting to a renal protocol. Additionally, given the low risk of complications and recurrence combined with documented risk of metastasis in TSC‐associated PNET, TSC patients with pancreatic lesions suspicious for PNETs should be considered as surgical candidates.
Zugang zu neuem 3D chemischen Raum: cis‐selektive Aromatenhydrierung zur Synthese gesättigter cyclischer Boronsäuren
Authors: Kaithal Akash , Wagener Tobias , Bellotti Peter , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Schlichter Lisa , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEine neue Klasse gesättigter, zyklischer Borverbindungen wurde mit Hilfe einer Aromatenhydrierung synthetisiert. Berichtet wird über die cis‐selektive Hydrierung von leicht zugänglichen und biologisch bedeutsamen Verbindungen, darunter Benzoxaborole, Benzoxaborinine und Benzoxaboripine. Unter den verschiedenen getesteten Katalysatoren wurde mit dem cyclischen Rhodium(alkyl)(amino)carben [Rh‐CAAC] (1) als Präkatalysator die beste Hydrierungsaktivität beobachtet und eine Umsatzzahl von bis zu 1400 bei guter bis hoher Diastereoselektivität erreicht. Ein breites Spektrum funktioneller Gruppen wurde toleriert, einschließlich empfindlicher Substituenten wie −F, −CF3 und Silylgruppen. Die Nützlichkeit der synthetisierten Produkte wurde durch die Erkennung von Diolen und Zuckern unter physiologischen Bedingungen nachgewiesen. Diese Motive können in der medizinischen Chemie von großer Bedeutung sein, da sie eine dreidimensionale Struktur besitzen, sehr stabil sowie wasserlöslich sind, Wasserstoffbrücken bilden und mit Diolen und Zuckern interagieren.
Selectivity enhancement of oxidative degraded reverse osmosis membrane by chitosan–tannic acid treatment
Authors: Raval Hiren D. , Modi Richa , Dave Kaushik , Raviya Mayur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReverse osmosis membrane elements suffer oxidative degradation during operation thereby resulting in increased salt passage. The present article demonstrates the novel approach to bind a chitosan–tannic acid layer above the degraded reverse osmosis membrane to make a supramolecular assembly over loosened polyamide layer to increase the selectivity performance. Chitosan being naturally occurring linear polysaccharide, its biodegradability, nontoxicity, antimicrobial property make it a promising candidate for membrane surface modification. Tannic Acid functions as cross‐linking agent, contains many polyphenolic compound, and was found suitable to bind with chitosan and form a supramolecular layer over polyamide. The present article showed the increase in salt rejection upto 33.17% of oxidative degraded reverse osmosis membrane by chitosan–tannic acid treatment. The selectivity enhancement was significant in case of membrane modified with chitosan–tannic acid supramolecular assembly. The modified membranes exhibited lower leaching as compared to only tannic acid treated membrane. They were characterized for morphology, surface features and chemical structure by scanning electron micrographs, atomic force micrographs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the differential scanning calorimetry analysis was done to evaluate the glass transition temperature of modified membrane. Stress–strain behavior of modified membranes were analyzed. This article proposes as novel approach to enhance the selectivity of degraded membrane.
Preparation and characterization of polypropylene nanofibrous membrane for the filtration of textile wastewater
Authors: Zakaria Mohammad , Shibahara Kanta , Bhuiyan Anamul Hoque , Nakane Koji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA fibrous membrane being prepared from nanofiber is of great demand for super‐efficient filtration of industrial wastewater. This study reported a highly efficient noanofibrous membrane made of superfine polypropylene (PP) nanofiber with an average diameter of only 228 nm and that had also demonstrated a direct influence of fiber diameter on its properties and performance for textile wastewater purification. The PP nanofibers were prepared with a varying content of PP/ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol (EVOH) blends from which the EVOH matrix was removed after electrospinning. Subsequently, the PP nanofibrous membranes were manufactured using the prepared PP nanofibers via a simple wet‐laid process. The fiber diameter turned out to be an important factor in the surface properties and pore characteristics of the PP nanofibrous membrane. The finer PP nanofiber constructed a compact fibrous mesh structure of the membrane leading to an optimum porosity, a high hydrophobicity, and a smaller mean pore size with a narrower distribution. The filtration performance of the nanofibrous membrane for dyeing wastewater has also evidenced the potentiality of the finer PP nanofiber. Moreover, in comparison with the commercial PP fibrous membrane, the developed PP membrane was found to be more promising.
Feedback beyond accuracy: Using eye‐tracking to detect comprehensibility and interest during reading
Authors: van der Sluis Frans , van den Broek Egon L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowing what information a user wants is a paramount challenge to information science and technology. Implicit feedback is key to solving this challenge, as it allows information systems to learn about a user's needs and preferences. The available feedback, however, tends to be limited and its interpretation shows to be difficult. To tackle this challenge, we present a user study that explores whether tracking the eyes can unpack part of the complexity inherent to relevance and relevance decisions. The eye behavior of 30 participants reading 18 news articles was compared with their subjectively appraised comprehensibility and interest at a discourse level. Using linear regression models, the eye‐tracking signal explained 49.93% (comprehensibility) and 30.41% (interest) of variance (p < .001). We conclude that eye behavior provides implicit feedback beyond accuracy that enables new forms of adaptation and interaction support for personalized information systems.