bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of immunosuppressive treatment and type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on antibody levels after three vaccinations in patients with chronic kidney disease or kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Bouwmans Pim , Messchendorp A Lianne , Imhof Céline , Sanders Jan-Stephan F , Hilbrands Luuk B , Reinders Marlies E J , Vart Priya , Bemelman Frederike J , Abrahams Alferso C , van den Dorpel René M A , Ten Dam Marc A G J , de Vries Aiko P J , Rispens Theo , Steenhuis Maurice , Gansevoort Ron T , Hemmelder Marc H ,   the RECOVAC Collaborators, ter Meulen Rik C G , Cheng Jennifer , Konings Constantijn J A M , Peters Vincent J P , Remmerswaal Ester B M , Frölke Sophie C , Rots Nynke , van der Klis Fiona , Konijn Wanda S , de Ronde Anthony , Vervoort Hanneke J P M , Braks Marion H J , Kho Marcia L , Baan Carla C , Malaha Reshwan S R K , Janssen Wilbert M T , Til Erik , Zwerink M , Brinkman J Niels , Siegert Carl , Fritsen Hein R , den Biggelaar L , Jan Bos Willem , Willems Manou , van der Molen Renate G , Diavatopoulos Dimitri A , van Baarle Debbie 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney replacement therapy demonstrate lower antibody levels after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination compared with healthy controls. In a prospective cohort, we analysed the impact of immunosuppressive treatment and type of vaccine on antibody levels after three SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.MethodsControl subjects (n = 186), patients with CKD G4/5 (n = 400), dialysis patients (n = 480) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) (n = 2468) were vaccinated with either mRNA-1273 (Moderna), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) in the Dutch SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programme. Third vaccination data were available in a subgroup of patients (n = 1829). Blood samples and questionnaires were obtained 1 month after the second and third vaccination. Primary endpoint was the antibody level in relation to immunosuppressive treatment and type of vaccine. Secondary endpoint was occurrence of adverse events after vaccination.ResultsAntibody levels after two and three vaccinations were lower in patients with CKD G4/5 and dialysis patients with immunosuppressive treatment compared with patients without immunosuppressive treatment. After two vaccinations, we observed lower antibody levels in KTR using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) compared with KTR not using MMF [20 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL (3–113) vs 340 BAU/mL (50–1492), P &lt; .001]. Seroconversion was observed in 35% of KTR using MMF, compared with 75% of KTR not using MMF. Of the KTR who used MMF and did not seroconvert, eventually 46% seroconverted after a third vaccination. mRNA-1273 induces higher antibody levels as well as a higher frequency of adverse events compared with BNT162b2 in all patient groups.ConclusionsImmunosuppressive treatment adversely affects the antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with CKD G4/5, dialysis patients and KTR. mRNA-1273 vaccine induces a higher antibody level and higher frequency of adverse events.
Allocative efficiency or misallocation of resources? The emergence of forestland rental markets and the forest devolution reform in China
Authors: Yi Yuanyuan , Carlsson Fredrik , Köhlin Gunnar , Xu Jintao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates whether the devolution reform of forestland to household management improves allocative efficiency and household welfare through participation in forestland rental markets. Using a household panel dataset from three Chinese provinces, we find positive effects of the emerging forestland rental markets: with the reform, forestland was transferred to forestland-constrained and labour-rich households and households with higher levels of productivity in forestry. Participation in forestland rental markets increases household per-capita income and decreases the likelihood of income falling below the poverty line. We do not find any support for forestland captured by land-richer, wealthier, larger or powerful households.
The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions in Context
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions remain a landmark in the development of international humanitarian law. The first two Additional Protocols were adopted by States in 1977. These protocols encompass the rules governing the treatment and protection of those in the power of an enemy, as well as the conduct of hostilities. Crucially, they address non-international armed conflicts and wars of national liberation. In 2005, a third Additional Protocol designating an additional distinctive humanitarian emblem was adopted in controversial circumstances. This book interprets the key rules and issues of the Additional Protocols and considers their application and implementation over the past 40 years. Taking a thematic approach, the book examines subjects including the protection of women, relief operations, and prohibited weapons. Each chapter discusses the pertinence of existing laws, the challenges raised by the rules in the Additional Protocols, and what more could be done to better protect civilians. This book also considers whether new technologies, such as offensive cyber operations and autonomous weapons, need new treaty rules to regulate their application in armed conflict.
Introduction: The Development and Significance of the Additional Protocols
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the two 1977 Additional Protocols to the four Geneva Conventions, which remain a landmark in the development of the law of armed conflict. It identifies the first two Additional Protocols as being significant on the law governing the hostilities on law and air. Meanwhile, the third Additional Protocol sought to resolve long-standing concerns over the proliferation of protective symbols for neutral and impartial humanitarian relief agencies and operations. In the 1970s, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Switzerland Government were instrumental in promoting the progressive development of international humanitarian law (IHL). The chapter suggests taking a thematic approach to the scope of application of the three Additional Protocols.
The Protection of Children
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the protection of children under the two 1977 Additional Protocols and their provisions reflected in customary law. It starts with the international humanitarian law’s (IHL) prohibition of recruiting children under the age of 15 into armed forces and hostilities. According to the Additional Protocol II of 1977, children affected by armed conflict must be provided with the care and aid they require. Parents or guardians must also take measures of removing their children temporarily from the area of hostilities. The chapter considers armed conflict as a cause of disability and the context for further abuse and neglect. It also includes the considerations of the prohibition on the imposition of the death penalty for acts committed while the person in question is under 18 years old.
Starvation and Sieges
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers sieges and starvations as methods of warfare. It explains that international humanitarian law (IHL) does not exactly prohibit sieges, while the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) affirmed that the prohibition of starvation as a method of warfare does not render siege warfare unlawful. Moreover, the Additional Protocols in 1977 outlawed the starvation of the civilian population as a method of warfare since it was a serious violation of IHL and a war crime. The chapter acknowledges the possibility of sieges becoming the likely future for the conduct of military operations, especially considering the devastation it would be to civilians. It notes the duty of States and armed groups to not arbitrarily withhold consent to humanitarian relief for a starving civilian population in a besieged area.
National Implementation
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the national implementation of the rules within the two 1977 Additional Protocols. It notes the lack of national implementation provisions in the Additional Protocol II, which only focused on the duty to disseminate the Protocol as widely as possible. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) broadly treats the concept of implementation in line with encompassing respect for the rules of the international humanitarian law (IHL). The chapter then considers the dissemination of rules and the requisite instructions and legal advisors to the armed forces. It highlights the importance of every State having national legislation in place to give effect to its obligations under the IHL.
Application of International Humanitarian Law to United Nations Operations
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the operation of the United Nations (UN) to enforce peacekeeping. It covers the key issues determining the responsibility of the UN under international law on forces enacting peace-enforcement operations under effective control. Additionally, the chapter recognises the moment when a UN force becomes a party to armed conflict and is subjected to international humanitarian law (IHL). Similarly, a UN force loses its civilian status when pursuing an armed group engaged in a non-international law of armed conflict. The chapter then looks into the application of the 1977 Additional Protocols’ rules and the customary law to UN operations. It acknowledges the frequency of peacekeeping operations crossing the line into peace enforcement under the guise of protecting civilians.
International Criminal Law
Authors: Bellal Annyssa , Casey-Maslen Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter tackles international criminal law, which governs the criminal responsibility of individuals for the perpetration of international crimes. War crimes primarily comprise serious violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) that are executed in relation to an armed conflict and individual criminal responsibilities under international law. Moreover, crimes against humanity and genocide could be committed during armed conflict, while aggression may also be involved in the commission of war crimes. The chapter explains the key issues to determine when such acts occur, such as identifying whether an armed conflict exists under international humanitarian law. It notes how the 1977 Additional Protocol I explicitly defined and enumerated specific war crimes, while the Additional Protocol II codified prohibition that became war crimes under customary international law.
Tri-Co Robots for the future: an interview with Guang-Zhong Yang
Authors: Li Tiefeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Future robots will effectively interact with the environments, tasks and other agents, either people or robots. Robots with coexisting designs can safely operate with human and environments. Cooperation enables robots to collaborate with other agents. Cognition enables the robots to perceive and predict the behaviour. The concept of Tri-Co (Coexisting–Cooperative–Cognitive) benefits future studies and applications of robots.
Professor Guang-Zhong Yang (FREng, FIEEE, FIET, FAIMBE) is Dean of the Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU); he was also the co-founder and director of the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, as well as the founding editor of Science Robotics. Currently he is appointed full-time as chair professor of SJTU. Professor Yang's main research interests are in medical imaging, sensing and robotics. Prof. Yang discussed with NSR the interesting fields of Tri-Co Robots, as well as sharing ideas on his own research.
Single-cell profiling reveals a potent role of quercetin in promoting hair regeneration
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zheng Yandong , Zhao Dongxin , Zhao Liyun , Geng Lingling , Ma Shuai , Cai Yusheng , Liu Chengyu , Yan Yupeng , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Wang Si , Zhang Weiqi , Liu Guang-Hui , Qu Jing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hair loss affects millions of people at some time in their life, and safe and efficient treatments for hair loss are a significant unmet medical need. We report that topical delivery of quercetin (Que) stimulates resting hair follicles to grow with rapid follicular keratinocyte proliferation and replenishes perifollicular microvasculature in mice. We construct dynamic single-cell transcriptome landscapes over the course of hair regrowth and find that Que treatment stimulates the differentiation trajectory in the hair follicles and induces an angiogenic signature in dermal endothelial cells by activating HIF-1α in endothelial cells. Skin administration of a HIF-1α agonist partially recapitulates the pro-angiogenesis and hair-growing effects of Que. Together, these findings provide a molecular understanding for the efficacy of Que in hair regrowth, which underscores the translational potential of targeting the hair follicle niche as a strategy for regenerative medicine, and suggest a route of pharmacological intervention that may promote hair regrowth.
SCIATIC DENERVATION-INDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION AND INCREASED MORTALITY DURING SEPSIS
Authors: Osa Sumika , Enoki Yuki , Miyajima Taichi , Akiyama Masahiro , Fujiwara Yukio , Taguchi Kazuaki , Kim Yun-Gi , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with underlying skeletal muscle atrophy are likely to develop aggravated sepsis. However, no study has experimentally verified the association between the prognosis of sepsis and muscle atrophy, and the mechanism of aggravation of sepsis under muscle atrophy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by sciatic denervation (DN), an experimental muscle atrophy model, on sepsis prognosis. Methods: Skeletal muscle atrophy was induced by DN of the sciatic nerve in C57BL/6J male mice. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to induce sepsis. Results: The survival rates of the sham and DN groups 7 days after CLP were 63% and 35%, respectively, wherein an approximately 30% reduction was observed in the DN group (P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP). The DN group had a higher bacterial count in the blood 48 h after CLP (P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP). Notably, NOx (a metabolite of nitric oxide) concentrations in DN mice were higher than those in sham mice after CLP (P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP), whereas serum platelet levels were lower 48 h after CLP (P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP). In organ damage analysis, DN mice presented increased protein expression of the kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a kidney injury marker, after CLP (NGAL 48 h after CLP, P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP; KIM-1 24 h after CLP, P < 0.01, vs. sham-CLP). Furthermore, nitro tyrosine levels in the kidneys of DN mice were higher 48 h after CLP compared with those in sham-CLP mice, indicating the accumulation of nitrative stress (P < 0.05, vs. sham-CLP). Serum cytokine levels were increased in both groups after CLP, but decreased in the sham group 48 h after CLP and remained consistently higher in the DN group (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α: P < 0.05, sham-CLP vs. DN-CLP; interleukin (IL)-1β: P < 0.01, sham-CLP vs. DN-CLP; IL-6: P < 0.05, DN vs. DN-CLP; IL-10: P < 0.05, sham-CLP vs. DN-CLP). Conclusions: We verified that skeletal muscle atrophy induced by DN is associated with poor prognosis after CLP-induced sepsis. Importantly, mice with skeletal muscle atrophy presented worsening sepsis prognosis at late onset, including prolonged infection, persistent inflammation, and kidney damage accumulation, resulting in delayed recovery.
Homophilic interaction of E-Cadherin prevents cell-cell fusion between developing germline and surrounding epithelia inDrosophilaovary
Authors: Antel Matthew , Norris Rachel , Inaba Mayu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn theDrosophilaovary, developing germline cysts are encapsulated by somatic follicle cell epithelia and E-Cadherin localizes to the interface of these tissues. E-Cadherin mutants have been shown to have multiple defects in oogenesis. Therefore, it is difficult to determine E-Cadherin function on germline-soma interaction. In this study, we characterize E-Cadherin function, specifically focusing on germline-soma interaction. Unexpectedly, knockdown of E-Cadherin either in the germline or follicle cells results in excess formation of membrane protrusions at the interface of these cells, which leads to a cell-cell fusion and indicates that homophilic interaction of E-Cadherin is required for maintenance of the tissue boundary between these two adjacent tissues. The fate of follicle cells fused to the germline becomes compromised, leading to a defective individualization of germline cysts. We propose that homophilic interaction of E-Cadherin facilitates a barrier between adjacent tissues, demonstrating a unique model of cell-fate disturbance caused by cell-cell fusion.
Polygenic Prediction of Molecular Traits using Large-Scale Meta-analysis Summary Statistics
Authors: Pain Oliver , Gerring Zachary , Derks Eske , Wray Naomi R. , Gusev Alexander , Al-Chalabi Ammar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionTranscriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrates expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data with genome-wide association study (GWAS) results to infer differential expression. TWAS uses multi-variant models trained using individual-level genotype-expression datasets, but methodological development is required for TWAS to utilise larger eQTL summary statistics.MethodsTWAS models predicting gene expression were derived using blood-based eQTL summary statistics from eQTLGen, the Young Finns Study (YFS), and MetaBrain. Summary statistic polygenic scoring methods were used to derive TWAS models, evaluating their predictive utility in GTEx v8. We investigated gene inclusion criteria and omnibus tests for aggregating TWAS associations for a given gene. We performed a schizophrenia TWAS using summary statistic-based TWAS models, comparing results to existing resources and methods.ResultsTWAS models derived using eQTL summary statistics performed comparably to models derived using individual-level data. Multi-variant TWAS models significantly improved prediction over single variant models for 8.6% of genes. TWAS models derived using eQTLGen summary statistics significantly improved prediction over models derived using a smaller individual-level dataset. The eQTLGen-based schizophrenia TWAS, using the ACAT omnibus test to aggregate associations for each gene, identified novel significant and colocalised associations compared to summary-based mendelian randomisation (SMR) and SMR-multi.ConclusionsUsing multi-variant TWAS models and larger eQTL summary statistic datasets can improve power to detect differential expression associations. We provide TWAS models based on eQTLGen and MetaBrain summary statistics, and software to easily derive and apply summary statistic-based TWAS models based on eQTL and other molecular QTL datasets released in the future.
Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging
Authors: Pulfer Alain , Pizzagalli Diego Ulisse , Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Hinderling Lucien , Lopez Paul , Zayats Romaniya , Carrillo-Barberà Pau , Antonello Paola , Palomino-Segura Miguel , Grädel Benjamin , Nicolai Mariaclaudia , Giusti Alessandro , Thelen Marcus , Gambardella Luca Maria , Murooka Thomas T. , Pertz Olivier , Krause Rolf , Gonzalez Santiago Fernandez 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntravital microscopy has revolutionized live cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy time-lapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy time-lapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in vivo, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
Genomic and machine learning-based screening of aquaculture associated introgression into at-risk wild North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations
Authors: Nugent Cameron M. , Kess Tony , Brachmann Matthew K. , Langille Barbara L. , Holborn Melissa K. , Beck Samantha V. , Smith Nicole , Duffy Steven J. , Lehnert Sarah J. , Wringe Brendan F. , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe negative genetic impacts of gene flow from domestic to wild populations can be dependent on the degree of domestication and exacerbated by the magnitude of pre-existing genetic differences between wild populations and the domestication source. Recent evidence of European ancestry within North American aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has elevated the potential impact of escaped farmed salmon on often at-risk wild North American salmon populations. Here we compare the ability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite (SSR) marker panels of different sizes (7-SSR, 100-SSR, and 220K-SNP) to detect introgression of European genetic information into North American wild and aquaculture populations. Linear regression comparing admixture predictions for a set of individuals common to the three data sets showed that the 100-SSR panel and 7-SSR panels replicated the full 220K-SNP-based admixture estimates with low accuracy (r2of 0.64 and 0.49 respectively). Additional tests explored the effects of individual sample size and marker number, which revealed that ~300 randomly selected SNPs could replicate the 220K-SNP admixture predictions with greater than 95% fidelity. We designed a custom SNP panel (301-SNP) for European admixture detection in future monitoring work and then developed and tested a Python package, SalmonEuAdmix (https://github.com/CNuge/SalmonEuAdmix), that uses a deep neural network to makede novoestimates of individuals’ European admixture proportion without the need to conduct complete admixture analysis utilizing baseline samples. The results demonstrate the mobilization of targeted SNP panels and machine learning in support of at-risk species conservation and management.