bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIR-based models to predict weekly anatomical changes in head and neck cancer proton therapy
Authors: Zhang Ying , McGowan Holloway Stacey , Zoë Wilson Megan , Alshaikhi Jailan , Tan Wenyong , Royle Gary , Bär Esther 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. We proposed two anatomical models for head and neck patients to predict anatomical changes during the course of radiotherapy. Approach. Deformable image registration was used to build two anatomical models: (1) the average model (AM) simulated systematic progressive changes across the patient cohort; (2) the refined individual model (RIM) used a patient’s CT images acquired during treatment to update the prediction for each individual patient. Planning CTs and weekly CTs were used from 20 nasopharynx patients. This dataset included 15 training patients and 5 test patients. For each test patient, a spot scanning proton plan was created. Models were evaluated using CT number differences, contours, proton spot location deviations and dose distributions. Main results. If no model was used, the CT number difference between the planning CT and the repeat CT at week 6 of treatment was on average 128.9 Hounsfield Units (HU) over the test population. This can be reduced to 115.5 HU using the AM, and to 110.5 HU using the RIM3 (RIM, updated at week (3). When the predicted contours from the models were used, the average mean surface distance of parotid glands can be reduced from 1.98 (no model) to 1.16 mm (AM) and 1.19 mm (RIM3) at week 6. Using the proton spot range, the average anatomical uncertainty over the test population reduced from 4.47 ± 1.23 (no model) to 2.41 ± 1.12 mm (AM), and 1.89 ± 0.96 mm (RIM3). Based on the gamma analysis, the average gamma index over the test patients was improved from 93.87 ± 2.48 % (no model) to 96.16 ± 1.84% (RIM3) at week 6. Significance. The AM and the RIM both demonstrated the ability to predict anatomical changes during the treatment. The RIM can gradually refine the prediction of anatomical changes based on the AM. The proton beam spots provided an accurate and effective way for uncertainty evaluation.
Plasma physics and control studies planned in JT-60SA for ITER and DEMO operations and risk mitigation
Authors: Yoshida M , Giruzzi G , Aiba N , Artaud J F , Ayllon-Guerola J , Balbinot L , Beeke O , Belonohy E , Bettini P , Bin W , Bierwage A , Bolzonella T , Bonotto M , Boulbe C , Buermans J , Chernyshova M , Coda S , Coelho R , Davis S , Day C , De Tommasi G , Dibon M , Ejiri A , Falchetto G , Fassina A , Faugeras B , Figini L , Fukumoto M , Futatani S , Galazka K , Garcia J , Garcia-Muñoz M , Garzotti L , Giacomelli L , Giudicotti L , Hall S , Hayashi N , Hoa C , Honda M , Hoshino K , Iafrati M , Iantchenko A , Ide S , Iio S , Imazawa R , Inoue S , Isayama A , Joffrin E , Kamiya K , Ko Y , Kobayashi M , Kobayashi T , Kocsis G , Kovacsik A , Kurki-Suonio T , Lacroix B , Lang P , Lauber Ph , Louzguiti A , de la Luna E , Marchiori G , Mattei M , Matsuyama A , Mazzi S , Mele A , Michel F , Miyata Y , Morales J , Moreau P , Moro A , Nakano T , Nakata M , Narita E , Neu R , Nicollet S , Nocente M , Nowak S , Orsitto F P , Ostuni V , Ohtani Y , Oyama N , Pasqualotto R , Pégourié B , Perelli E , Pigatto L , Piccinni C , Pironti A , Platania P , Ploeckl B , Ricci D , Roussel P , Rubino G , Sano R , Särkimäki K , Shinohara K , Soare S , Sozzi C , Sumida S , Suzuki T , Suzuki Y , Szabolics T , Szepesi T , Takase Y , Takech M , Tamura N , Tanaka K , Tanaka H , Tardocchi M , Terakado A , Tojo H , Tokuzawa T , Torre A , Tsujii N , Tsutsui H , Ueda Y , Urano H , Valisa M , Vallar M , Vega J , Villone F , Wakatsuki T , Wauters T , Wischmeier M , Yamoto S , Zani L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large superconducting machine, JT-60SA has been constructed to provide major contributions to the ITER program and DEMO design. For the success of the ITER project and fusion reactor, understanding and development of plasma controllability in ITER and DEMO relevant higher beta regimes are essential. JT-60SA has focused the program on the plasma controllability for scenario development and risk mitigation in ITER as well as on investigating DEMO relevant regimes. This paper summarizes the high research priorities and strategy for the JT-60SA project. Recent works on simulation studies to prepare the plasma physics and control experiments are presented, such as plasma breakdown and equilibrium controls, hybrid and steady-state scenario development, and risk mitigation techniques. Contributions of JT-60SA to ITER and DEMO have been clarified through those studies.
Validation of a desktop-type magnet providing a quasi-microgravity space in a room-temperature bore of a high-gradient trapped field magnet (HG-TFM)
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Ainslie Mark D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The concept of a high-gradient trapped field magnet (HG-TFM), which incorporates a hybrid system of two (RE)BaCuO superconducting bulk components with different functions, was proposed in 2021 by the authors based on the results of numerical simulations. The HG-TFM as a desktop-type magnet can be a more effective way to generate a higher magnetic field gradient product of Bz
· dBz
/dz (>−1400 T2 m−1, as calculated for a pure water), which can realize a quasi-microgravity space applicable for Space Environment Utilization on a laboratory scale. In this study, to validate the quasi-microgravity space in the HG-TFM, a prototype HG-TFM apparatus has been built using a slit-bulk TFM and stacked full-TFM (without slits) with inner diameters of 36 mm. After field-cooled magnetization from 8.60 T at 21 K, a trapped field of B
T = 8.57 T was achieved at the center (i.e. at the bottom of a room temperature bore of 25 mm diameter outside the vacuum chamber), and consequently, a maximum Bz
· dBz
/dz = −1930 T2 m−1 was obtained at the intermediate position between the slit-bulk TFM and the stacked full-TFM. Magnetic levitation was demonstrated successfully for bismuth particles and a pure water drop, which validates the quasi-microgravity environment in the HG-TFM. Based on numerical simulation results of the trapped field profile, it is concluded that the reason for the instability of the levitated targets is because of the repulsive magnetic force applied along the horizontal plane. The levitating state can be controllable, for example, by changing the operating temperature, which would allow objects to levitate statically along the central axis.
Textured concave anti-reflecting coating and convex back reflector to enhance the absorbance of amorphous Si solar cells
Authors: Taha T A , Sayed Hassan , Aly Arafa H , Elsayed Hussein A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work provides efficient designs in each the anti-reflective coating (ARC) and back reflector for enhancing the absorption of amorphous silicon solar cells. ARC structures are designed from planar, concave, and textured concave surfaces. For the back reflector structures, we use the concepts of the photonic bandgap (PBG) structure and convex surface. The mainstay in designing the ARC is specifically depending on the presence of a gradual increase in the refractive index as the incident radiation travels from air to the cell to decrease the solar cell reflectivity. Thus, the arrangement of (SiO2/Si3N4/SiC) layers is considered in designing the proposed ARC. The theoretical formalism of this study is based on the finite element method and transfer matrix method as well. The numerical results demonstrate the cell absorption based on the different configurations of the ARC and the back reflecting mirror. The investigated results show that the solar cell absorption increases by 34.92% at 520 nm by including the planar ARC. However, significant decrements are obtained with the increase of the angle of incidence for the planar ARC. Meanwhile, the concave and textured geometries provide a perfect solution towards the increase of cell absorption with the angle of incidence, especially at wavelengths smaller than 550 nm. For wavelengths greater than 550 nm, 3-unit cells with the convex geometry represent the optimum design of the back mirror to increase the cell absorption at these wavelengths. Finally, the textured concave ARC and convex back reflector through the amorphous Si solar cell present a good candidate for significant enhancements of the cell absorption and optical generation as well.
Investigation of bi-particle states in gate-array-controlled quantum-dot systems aided by machine learning techniques
Authors: Nemnes G A , Mitran T L , Preda A T , Ghiu I , Marciu M , Manolescu A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantum computing architectures require an accurate and efficient description in terms of many-electron states. Recent implementations include quantum dot arrays, where the ground state of a multi q-bit system can be altered by voltages applied to the top gates. An extensive investigation concerning the spectra of the many-electron systems under multiple operation conditions set by external voltages typically requires a relatively large number of Hamiltonian diagonalizations, where the Coulomb interaction is considered in an exact manner. Instead of making exhaustive calculations using high throughput computing, we approach this problem by augmenting numerical diagonalizations with machine learning techniques designed to predict the many-electron eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. To this end, we employ and compare the results from linear regression methods such as multivariate least squares (MLS) as well as non-linear techniques based on kernel ridge regression (KRR), Gaussian process regression (GPR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The input feature vectors are assembled from readily available information comprised from a binary representation of the potential and the strength of the Coulomb interaction. Furthermore, employing a linear classifier, we establish a rule for detecting a singlet-triplet transition which may arise for certain potential configurations.
Optical biosensor based on a photonic crystal with a defective layer designed to determine the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in water
Authors: Efimov I M , Vanyushkin N A , Gevorgyan A H , Golik S S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose a new optical biosensor based on a SiO2/Si photonic crystal with a defect layer, which can determine the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in water by the defect mode shift. Two models of the dependence of the refractive index of the defect layer on the concentration of the pathogen in water were considered. The optimal parameters of the photonic crystal in our device were determined such as the thickness of the SiO2 and Si layers of the ideal photonic crystal of 0.720 and 0.275 μm, respectively, and the optimal thickness of the defect layer of 1.87 μm was also determined. It was also demonstrated that in the presence of absorption in the structure under study, it is much more advantageous to operate in the reflection mode compared to the transmission mode. Finally, the wavelength dependence of the defect mode on the SARS-CoV-2 concentration was obtained and the sensitivity of the sensor was determined to be 1020 nm/RIU.
Entropy per Rapidity in Pb-Pb Central Collisions using Thermal and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models at LHC Energies
Authors: Habashy D. M. , El-Bakry Mahmoud Y. , Scheinast Werner , Hanafy Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The entropy per rapidity

produced in central Pb-Pb ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at LHC energies is calculated using experimentally identified particle spectra and source radii estimated from Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlations for particles π, k, p, Λ, Ω, and

and π, k, p, Λ, and

at

and

TeV, respectively. An artificial neural network (ANN) simulation model is used to estimate the entropy per rapidity

at the considered energies. The simulation results are compared with equivalent experimental data, and a good agreement is achieved. A mathematical equation describing the experimental data is obtained. Extrapolation of the transverse momentum spectra at

is required to calculate

; thus, we use two different fitting functions, the Tsallis distribution and hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. The success of the ANN model in describing the experimental measurements leads to the prediction of several spectra values for the mentioned particles, which may lead to further predictions in the absence of experiments.
New puzzle in charmonium decays *
Authors: Wang Hongpeng , Yuan Chang-Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
By analyzing existing data on pseudoscalar charmonium decays, we obtain the ratio of the branching fractions of

and

decays into ten different final states with light hadrons. For the first time, we test the two existing theoretical predictions of these decays and find that the experimental data are significantly different from both of them. The lack of observation of any decay mode with higher rate in

than in

decays suggests very unusual decay dynamics in pseudoscalar charmonium decays to be identified. We also report the first model-independent evaluation of the partial width of

(

keV) and improve determination of that of

(

keV). The latter shows a tension with the most recent lattice QCD calculation.
Sideways forces on asymmetric tokamak walls during plasma disruptions
Authors: Yanovskiy V. , Isernia N. , Pustovitov V.D. , Villone F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the quarter-century since the danger of sideways force on tokamak walls during disruptions was first recognized, substantial progress has been made in understanding the connection between plasma kink and the force. Less is known, however, about the effect of the wall asymmetry on force generation. Here, we explore how irregularly situated ports lead to large sideways forces even for a symmetric driver such as a typical current quench. Further, we compare the effectiveness of both mechanisms.
Application of quasi-rotation surface segments in architectural prototyping
Authors: Beglov I A , Rustamyan V V , Verbitskiy R A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present paper details an approach to modeling of quasi-rotation surface segments with pre-defined conditions. The desired surfaces and their segments are formed parametrically through Maple computer algebra system. Various analytical approaches to trimming of the excessive parts of quasi-rotation surfaces are indicated. Geometric modeling is performed with use of a previously developed algorithm. An example illustrating the initial stage of design of an overpass between two separate buildings is provided. The design objective contains the basic geometric parameters of the desired architectural element. Three control models were created with the same initial parameters through basic CAD software methods. All of the constructed models are thin-walled. Mechanical properties of the scale 3D models of the target element were compared in equal conditions by means of CAD software. The prototype created through the use of a quasi-rotation surface segment was the most resistant to load. The paper also features a rendered concept of a complex of three towers connected with three overpasses. The acquired results allow us to conclude that quasi-rotation is an effective method of formation of models of architectural elements.
Method of analytical modeling and simulation of technological processes subject to the influence of external factors
Authors: Denisova L A , Komarov V A , Meshcheryakov V A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The method of analytical modeling and simulation of technological processes is presented, which makes it possible to assess the influence of external factors on the operation of information and control systems. The application of this method to study the process of detecting pipeline defects by vibroacoustic control systems is considered. A mathematical model with automatic selection of the parameters of autocorrelation functions of random disturbances is proposed, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of natural and man-made noises on the detection process. The possibility of modeling the influence of random disturbances on the working processes of technological machines is also considered. The proposed simulation models are of practical value, since they allow one to study virtual prototypes of construction and road-building machinery in various modes and reduce the cost of performing expensive field experiments.
Kinematic model of the parallel convergence method in space
Authors: Dubanov A A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, the implementation of the method of parallel convergence in space in a computer mathematics system is considered and discussed. In this method, the pursuer’s velocity vector is directed arbitrarily. The pursuer’s trajectory gradually approaches movement in the plane formed by the line connecting the initial positions of the pursuer and the target, and the velocity vector. In this task, the target moves uniformly and rectilinearly. The pursuer moves evenly. The points of the pursuer’s trajectory are calculated sequentially. They are being the result of the intersection of the plane containing the line of sight, sphere and cone. As we approach the plane where the target is moving, the algorithm for calculating the trajectory points changes. Now the point of the pursuer’s trajectory is the result of the intersection of the sphere, the plane of movement of the target and the plane containing the line of sight.
System for determining the state of the object surface based on fuzzy output rules
Authors: Lapteva U V , Kuzyakov O N , Andreeva M A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article provides information on hydrocarbon production in the Russian Federation, accidents at facilities supervised by Rostekhnadzor, and also presents a statistical analysis of the causes of accidents at high-risk facilities. Typical issues of studying the condition of the surface of an oil and gas object are considered on the basis of the electron-projection method that simulates the moiré effect and evaluates the surface topology by a system of of fuzzy inference rules implemented in the structure of a neural network.
Indicators for the preliminary assessment of magnetotelluric data sufficiency
Authors: Lavrukhin A A , Turkin S N , Onufriev A S , Lobov K V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was aimed at determining the sufficiency of the data obtained as a result of recording signals in the magnetotelluric sounding method. Based on the analysis of statistical methods and approaches to data processing and the characteristic properties of signals containing correlated and uncorrelated noise, a set of numerical indicators is proposed. These values can be used to assess the sufficiency of the data amount that will be used to obtain geoelectric structure. The key indicator is the coefficient describing the physical compliance of the apparent resistance, depending on the confidence intervals calculated at adjacent frequencies. The confidence intervals and the proposed coefficient can be used to make a decision about the statistical consistency of the gathered data and can be calculated in the data acquisition equipment.
Features of an acousto-optical two-channel laser displacement interferometer with multi-frequency photodetectors with subpycometer resolution
Authors: Leun E V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of improving acousto-optical (AO) heterodyne laser displacement interferometers (LDI) by using two independent multi-frequency photodetectors: high- frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) low-noise, working with "fast inaccurate" and "slow accurate" measuring channels, respectively. The "fast inaccurate" channel allows you to measure displacements with high velocity peed movements. The scheme of the "slow accurate" channel is based on the joint operation of a phase-locked frequency system and a small-range phase meter, providing high resolution for low velocity. Such a scheme of AO LDI most fully implements its capabilities in the control of start-stop cyclic movements of objects, providing high resolution at the initial and final stages of movements with low velocity. A metrological analysis of the "slow accurate" channel is carried out, the possibilities and conditions for achieving AO LDI at low velocity of subpicometer resolution are shown.
Spectrophotometric method for contamination control of gas media filters
Authors: Litunov S N , Nemirova L F , Sysuev I A , Tashpulatov S Sh , Kochkorbaeva Ch T , Bezzateeva E G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The possibility of measuring air filter contamination by colourimetry methods is investigated. It is found that the optical density Drel, measured relative to a clean filter surface can be used to assess filter contamination with coloured contaminant. This indicator is convenient for the specific weight of the contaminant in the range of 5-50 g/m2 for substances with a density ρ < 1 g/cm3, and for the specific weight of the contaminant 10-250 g/m2 for ρ > 1. It is shown that in case of a colour dust contaminated filter, the most reliable indicator is the colour difference ΔE of the contaminated surface relative to the clean one. The analysis of colour charts a*b*, a*L* and b*L* constructed in the CIE L*a*b*-1976 system shows that the lightness value ΔL* is appropriate to measure dark contaminants, and the value ΔE is acceptable for light contaminants.
Automation of the control process of a gas pipeline network with a complex topological structure
Authors: Shtykov R A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The reliability of the gas pipeline network is determined by the perfection of the structures, the precise fullfilament of the conditions of its operation, ensuring the coordination of the flow parameters in the pipe with the parameters of the blowers. Deviation from the established mode of operation in gas pipelines can affect the stability of the system. With a significant deviation from the operating mode, various features arise, both kinematic and dynamic deviations in the flow, which leads to unstable operation of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to automate the control processes of the pipeline gas network during gas transportation, which will be based on the results of mathematical modelling of mass transfer processes in pipes to determine the main flow parameters. It is also known that the main losses and changes in flow parameters in pipelines occur along the entire length of the linear sections of the network. Therefore, to adapt these changes to specific objects, it is necessary to use more accurate mathematical models that allow to adequately control the processes in the network based on automated control systems.
Modeling and study of properties of surfaces equidistant to a sphere and a plane
Authors: Vyshnepolsky V I , Efremov A V , Zavarikhina E V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present paper geometric locus of points (GLP) equidistant to a sphere and a plane is considered; the properties of the acquired surfaces are studied. Four possible cases of mutual location of a sphere and a plane are considered: the plane passing through the center of the sphere, the plane intersecting the sphere, the plane tangent to the sphere and the plane passing outside the sphere. GLP equidistant to a sphere and a plane constitutes two co-axial co-focused paraboloids of revolution. General properties of the acquired paraboloids were studied: the location of foci, vertices, axis and directing planes, distance between the sphere center and the vertices, the distance between the vertices. GLP for each case of mutual location of a plane and a sphere constitutes: in case one passes through the center of other, two co-axial co-focused oppositely directed paraboloids of revolution symmetrical with respect to the given plane; in case they intersect each other, two co-axial co-focused oppositely directed non-symmetrical paraboloids; in case they are tangent to each other, a paraboloid and a straight line passing through the tangency point; in case they have no common points, a pair of co-axial co-focused mutually directed paraboloids of revolution.