bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss to patient-reported outcome measure follow-up after hip arthroplasty and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ross Lauren A. , O'Rourke Sara C. , Toland Gemma , MacDonald Deborah J. , Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction rates after hip and knee arthroplasty in patients who did not respond to postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), characteristics of non-responders, and contact preferences to maximize response rates. Methods A prospective cohort study of patients planned to undergo hip arthroplasty (n = 713) and knee arthroplasty (n = 737) at a UK university teaching hospital who had completed preoperative PROMs questionnaires, including the EuroQol five-dimension health-related quality of life score, and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Follow-up questionnaires were sent by post at one year, including satisfaction scoring. Attempts were made to contact patients who did not initially respond. Univariate, logistic regression, and receiver operator curve analysis was performed. Results At one year, 667 hip patients (93.5%) and 685 knee patients (92.9%) had undergone surgery and were alive. No response was received from 151/667 hip patients (22.6%), 83 (55.0%) of whom were ultimately contacted); or from 108/685 knee patients (15.8%), 91 (84.3%) of whom were ultimately contacted. There was no difference in satisfaction after arthroplasty between initial non-responders and responders for hips (74/81 satisfied vs 476/516 satisfied; p = 0.847) or knees (81/93 satisfied vs 470/561 satisfied; p = 0.480). Initial non-response and persistent non-response was associated with younger age, higher BMIs, and worse preoperative PROMs for both hip and knee patients (p < 0.050). Being in employment was associated with persistent non-response for hip patients (p = 0.047). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age (p < 0.038), higher BMI (p = 0.018), and poorer preoperative OHS (p = 0.031) were independently associated with persistent non-response to hip PROMs. No independent associations were identified for knees. Using a threshold of > 66.4 years predicted a preference for contact by post (area under the curve 0.723 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.647 to 0.799; p < 0.001, though this CI crosses the 0.7 limit considered reliable). Conclusion The majority of initial non-responders were ultimately contactable with effort. Satisfaction rates were not inferior in patients who did not initially respond to PROMs. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):275–283.
Sources of bias in artificial intelligence that perpetuate healthcare disparities—A global review
Authors: Celi Leo Anthony , Cellini Jacqueline , Charpignon Marie-Laure , Dee Edward Christopher , Dernoncourt Franck , Eber Rene , Mitchell William Greig , Moukheiber Lama , Schirmer Julian , Situ Julia , Paguio Joseph , Park Joel , Wawira Judy Gichoya , Yao Seth ,   for MIT Critical Data
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWhile artificial intelligence (AI) offers possibilities of advanced clinical prediction and decision-making in healthcare, models trained on relatively homogeneous datasets, and populations poorly-representative of underlying diversity, limits generalisability and risks biased AI-based decisions. Here, we describe the landscape of AI in clinical medicine to delineate population and data-source disparities.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of clinical papers published in PubMed in 2019 using AI techniques. We assessed differences in dataset country source, clinical specialty, and author nationality, sex, and expertise. A manually tagged subsample of PubMed articles was used to train a model, leveraging transfer-learning techniques (building upon an existing BioBERT model) to predict eligibility for inclusion (original, human, clinical AI literature). Of all eligible articles, database country source and clinical specialty were manually labelled. A BioBERT-based model predicted first/last author expertise. Author nationality was determined using corresponding affiliated institution information using Entrez Direct. And first/last author sex was evaluated using the Gendarize.io API.ResultsOur search yielded 30,576 articles, of which 7,314 (23.9%) were eligible for further analysis. Most databases came from the US (40.8%) and China (13.7%). Radiology was the most represented clinical specialty (40.4%), followed by pathology (9.1%). Authors were primarily from either China (24.0%) or the US (18.4%). First and last authors were predominately data experts (i.e., statisticians) (59.6% and 53.9% respectively) rather than clinicians. And the majority of first/last authors were male (74.1%).InterpretationU.S. and Chinese datasets and authors were disproportionately overrepresented in clinical AI, and almost all of the top 10 databases and author nationalities were from high income countries (HICs). AI techniques were most commonly employed for image-rich specialties, and authors were predominantly male, with non-clinical backgrounds. Development of technological infrastructure in data-poor regions, and diligence in external validation and model re-calibration prior to clinical implementation in the short-term, are crucial in ensuring clinical AI is meaningful for broader populations, and to avoid perpetuating global health inequity.
Magnitude and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Wollega zones, Oromia region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Edosa , Merdassa Emiru , Abdisa Eba , Tolossa Tadesse 
Published: March 2022

Background
Mental health is for everybody, but the individuals in prisons require more focus. Depression is a contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in prisons in particular. There were limited studies on depression among prisoners. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and factors associated with it among prisoners in Wollega Zones Prisons, western Ethiopia.

Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 368 prisoners from June 1, 2019, up to August 1, 2019, in Wollega zones prisons. Data were collected by trained data collectors through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression model was computed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. In the final model, the strength of the association between independent variables and depression was measured using the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Then, in the final model, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered factors significantly associated with depression.

Results
Of the total study respondents, 166/368 (45.1%) had symptoms of depression. Lack of job opportunity in prison (AOR = 6.64, 95%CI: 3.65, 12.06), not attending religious place at all (AOR = 3.51, 95%CI: 1.30,10.00), and Unsentenced for suspected crime (AOR = 7.36, 95%CI: 2.08, 26.04) were associated with depression.

Conclusion and recommendation
This finding showed that the magnitude of depression in prisons was high. Prisoners in the young age group, attending religious places, being married, prisoners who were sentenced for suspected crime on timely and prisoners performing work in prison were less likely to have depression. The prison institution needs to facilitate income-generating activities in prison, promoting prisoners to attend their religious places and promoting timely sentencing.
Cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in India
Authors: Unnikrishnan A. G. , Sahay R. K. , Phadke Uday , Sharma S. K. , Shah Parag , Shukla Rishi , Viswanathan Vijay , Wangnoo S. K. , Singhal Santosh , John Mathew , Kumar Ajay , Dharmalingam Mala , Jain Subodh , Shaikh Shehla , Verberk Willem J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide continues to increase, in particular in India. Early T2DM diagnosis followed by appropriate management will result in more cardiovascular event free life years. However, knowledge of the cardiovascular profile of newly diagnosed T2DM patients is still limited. The aim of this study was to understand the extent of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of newly diagnosed T2DM patients in India.

Methods
A cross sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate clinical laboratory and socio-demographic parameters of 5,080 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (48.3 ± 12.8 years of age; 36.7% female). In addition, we determined their cardiovascular risk according to the guidelines of the Lipid Association of India (LAI) and the criteria of the QRISK3 score.

Results
Of the newly T2DM diagnosed patients in India 2,007(39.5%) were classified as “High risk” and 3,073 (60.5%) were classified as “Very high risk” based on LAI criteria. On average, patients had 1.7 ± 0.9 major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Low HDL-C value was the most frequent major risk (2,823; 55.6%) followed by high age (2,502; 49.3%), hypertension (2,141; 42.1%), smoking/tobacco use (1,078; 21.2%) and chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (568; 11.2%). In addition, 4,192 (82.5%) patients appeared to have at least one cholesterol abnormality and, if the latest LAI recommendations are applied, 96.5% (4,902) presented with lipid values above recommended targets. Based on the QRISK3 calculation Indian diabetes patients had an average CVD risk of 15.3 ± 12.3%, (12.2 ± 10.1 vs. 17.1 ± 13.5 [p<0.001] for females and males, respectively).

Conclusions
Newly diagnosed Indian T2DM patients are at high ASCVD risk. Our data therefore support the notion that further extension of nationwide ASCVD risk identification programs and prevention strategies to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases are warranted.
Age of initiation of cigarillo use among young adults: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2013–2017
Authors: Chen Baojiang , Sterling Kymberle L. , Bluestein Meagan A. , Penedo Elena , Kuk Arnold E. , Harrell Melissa B. , Perry Cheryl L. , Pérez Adriana 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Young adults, especially those who identify as racial/ethnic minorities, are legal targets of the tobacco industry. Cigarillo initiation is a risk among these vulnerable groups. Estimating the age of initiation of cigarillo use among young adults may inform the timing of prevention interventions.

Methods
Weighted interval-censored survival analyses of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) young adult (ages 18–24 at their first wave of adult participation) annual datasets were conducted (2013–2017). Young adult never cigarillo users (n = 7,101; represents N = 24,023,488) at their first wave of adult participation (2013–2016) were followed-up through 2014–2017 to estimate the age of initiation of ever, past 30-day and fairly regular cigarillo use outcomes. Differences by sex and by race/ethnicity, accounting for previous use of other tobacco products and marijuana and blunt use, were assessed using weighted interval-censored Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Among PATH young adults, by age 21, 5.8% initiated ever cigarillo use, 4.1% initiated past 30-day cigarillo use, and 1.4% initiated fairly regular cigarillo use. By age 26, 15% initiated ever cigarillo use, and 10.4% initiated past 30-day cigarillo use. Males had higher risk of initiating ever (AHR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.37–1.95) and past 30-day cigarillo use (AHR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32–2.06) at earlier ages than females. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher risk of initiating ever (AHR: 2.81, 95% CI: 2.26–3.50), past 30-day (AHR: 4.88, 95% CI: 2.95–5.09) and fairly regular cigarillo use (AHR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.70–7.93) at earlier ages than non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics had higher risk of initiating past 30-day cigarillo use at earlier ages than non-Hispanic Whites (AHR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12–2.03). Non-Hispanic Other race (i.e., Asian, multiracial, etc.) had lower risk of initiating ever (AHR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.65) and past 30-day cigarillo use (AHR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.63) at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusion
Along with those aged 21 and younger, interventions should target young adults over the age of 21, specifically males, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic young adults, to stall initiation and progression of cigarillo use behaviors.
Assessing serum levels of SM22α as a new biomarker for patients with aortic aneurysm/dissection
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Ying-Ying , Hu Hai-Juan , Lu Gang , Xu Xin , Dou Yong-Qing , Cui Wei , Gao She-Jun , Han Mei 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD) is now encountered more often because of the increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis and hypertension in the population. Despite many therapeutic improvements, in particular timely and successful surgery, in-hospital mortality rates are still higher. Timely identification of patients at high risk will help improve the overall prognosis of AAD. Since early clinical and radiological signs are nonspecific, there is an urgent need for accurate biomarkers. Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) is a potential marker for AAD because of its abundant expression in vascular smooth muscle, which is involved in development of AAD.MethodsWe prepared three different mouse models, including abdominal aortic aneurysm, neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. SM22α levels were assessed in serum and vascular tissue of the mice. Next, the relationships between serum SM22α level and vascular lesion were studied in mice. Finally, serum from 41 patients with AAD, 107 carotid artery stenosis (CAS) patients and 40 healthy volunteers were tested for SM22α. Serum levels of SM22α were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCompared with the controls, serum SM22α levels were reduced in the models of aortic aneurysm, neointimal formation and atherosclerosis, and elevated in mice with ruptured aneurysm. Serum SM22α level was negatively correlated with apoptosis rate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), ratio of intima/ media (I/M) area and plaque size. Patients with AAD had significantly higher serum SM22α levels than patients with only CAS, or normal controls.ConclusionSerum SM22α could be a potential predictive marker for AAD, and regulation of VSMC is a possible mechanism for the effects of SM22α.
Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Heng Yi Yan , Asad Iqra , Coleman Bailey , Menard Laura , Benki-Nugent Sarah , Hussein Were Faridah , Karr Catherine J. , McHenry Megan S 
Published: March 2022

Background
The presence of harmful environmental exposures, which disproportionately affects low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), contributes to >25% of deaths and diseases worldwide and detrimentally affects child neurodevelopment. Few resources succinctly summarize the existing literature on this topic. Our objective is to systematically review and characterize the evidence regarding the relationship between heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in LMICs.

Methods
We conducted a medical librarian-curated search on multiple online databases to identify articles that included individuals <18 years living in a LMIC, quantitatively measured exposure to a heavy metal (either prenatal or postnatal), and used a standardized measurement of neurodevelopment (i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and behavior). Reviews, editorials, or case studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively, and quality was assessed.

Results
Of the 18,043 screened articles, 298 full-text articles were reviewed, and 100 articles met inclusion criteria. The included studies represented data from 19 LMICs, only one of which was classified as a low-income country. Ninety-four percent of postnatal lead and all postnatal manganese studies showed a negative association with metal exposure and neurodevelopment, which were the strongest relationships among the metals studied. Postnatal exposure of mercury was associated with poor neurodevelopment in only half of studies. Limited data on postnatal arsenic and cadmium suggests an association with worse neurodevelopment. Findings were mixed for prenatal arsenic and lead, although some evidence supports that the neurotoxicity of lead was amplified in the presence of manganese.

Conclusions and potential impact
We found that lead and manganese appear to consistently have a detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of children, and more evidence is needed for mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Better characterization of these effects can motivate and inform prioritization of much needed international policies and programs to reduce heavy metal exposures for young children within LMICs.
Amyloid fibril composition type is consistent over time in patients with Val30Met (p.Val50Met) transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Anan Intissar , Suhr Ole B. , Liszewska Katarzyna , Mejia Baranda Jorge , Pilebro Björn , Wixner Jonas , Ihse Elisabet 
Published: March 2022

Background
We have previously shown that transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis patients have amyloid fibrils of either of two compositions; type A fibrils consisting of large amounts of C-terminal TTR fragments in addition to full-length TTR, or type B fibrils consisting of only full-length TTR. Since type A fibrils are associated with an older age in ATTRVal30Met (p.Val50Met) amyloidosis patients, it has been discussed if the TTR fragments are derived from degradation of the amyloid deposits as the patients are aging. The present study aimed to investigate if the fibril composition type changes over time, especially if type B fibrils can shift to type A fibrils as the disease progresses.

Material and methods
Abdominal adipose tissue biopsies from 29 Swedish ATTRVal30Met amyloidosis patients were investigated. The fibril type in the patients´ initial biopsy taken for diagnostic purposes was compared to a biopsy taken several years later (ranging between 2 and 13 years). The fibril composition type was determined by western blot.

Results
All 29 patients had the same fibril composition type in both the initial and the follow-up biopsy (8 type A and 21 type B). Even patients with a disease duration of more than 12 years and an age over 75 years at the time of the follow-up biopsy had type B fibrils in both biopsies.

Discussion
The result clearly shows that the amyloid fibril composition containing large amounts of C-terminal fragments (fibril type A) is a consequence of other factors than a slow degradation process occurring over time.
Clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling in Japan: Result of PROFILE-F study
Authors: Aoyagi Yasuko , Kano Yoshihito , Tohyama Kohki , Matsudera Shotaro , Kumaki Yuichi , Takahashi Kenta , Mitsumura Takahiro , Harada Yohei , Sato Akemi , Nakamura Hideaki , Sueoka Eisaburo , Aragane Naoko , Kimura Koichiro , Onishi Iichiro , Takemoto Akira , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ono Hiroaki , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Tokunaga Masanori , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Oshima Noriko , Nakamura Reiko , Takagi Masatoshi , Asakage Takahiro , Uetake Hiroyuki , Tanabe Minoru , Miyake Satoshi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ikeda Sadakatsu 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Clinical sequencing has provided molecular and therapeutic insights into the field of clinical oncology. However, despite its significance, its clinical utility in Japanese patients remains unknown. Here, we examined the clinical utility of tissue-based clinical sequencing with FoundationOne® CDx and FoundationOne® Heme. Between August 2018 and August 2019, 130 Japanese pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors were tested with FoundationOne® CDx or FoundationOne® Heme.

Results
The median age of 130 patients was 60.5 years (range: 3 to 84 years), and among them, 64 were males and 66 were females. Major cancer types were gastrointestinal cancer (23 cases) and hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic cancer (21 cases). A molecular tumor board had been completed on all 130 cases by October 31, 2019. The median number of gene alterations detected by Foundation testing, excluding variants of unknown significance (VUS) was 4 (ranged 0 to 21) per case. Of the 130 cases, one or more alterations were found in 123 cases (94.6%), and in 114 cases (87.7%), actionable alterations with candidates for therapeutic agents were found. In 29 (22.3%) of them, treatment corresponding to the gene alteration was performed. Regarding secondary findings, 13 cases (10%) had an alteration suspected of a hereditary tumor. Of the 13 cases, only one case received a definite diagnosis of hereditary tumor.

Conclusions
Our study showed that clinical sequencing might be useful for detecting gene alterations in various cancer types and exploring treatment options. However, many issues still need to be improved.
Girlsville: The Story of The Delmonas & Thee Headcoatees, Saskia Holling (2021)
Authors: Dale Pete 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Girlsville: The Story of The Delmonas & Thee Headcoatees, Saskia Holling (2021)
N.p.: Spinout Publications, 278 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-52728-458-6, p/bk, £12.00
On Compromise: Art, Politics and the Fate of an American Ideal, Rachel Greenwald-Smith (2021)
Authors: Keeble Arin 
Published: March 2022

Review of: On Compromise: Art, Politics and the Fate of an American Ideal, Rachel Greenwald-Smith (2021)
Port Townsend, Washington: Graywolf Press, 232 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-64445-060-4, p/bk, $16.00
The Best of Jamming! Selections and Stories from the Fanzine that Grew Up, 1977–86, Tony Fletcher (ed.) (2021)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: March 2022

Review of: The Best of Jamming! Selections and Stories from the Fanzine that Grew Up, 1977–86, Tony Fletcher (ed.) (2021)
London: Omnibus Press, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-91317-230-5, p/bk, £25.00
Politics as Sound: The Washington, DC, Hardcore Scene, 1978–1983, Shanya L. Maskell (2021)
Authors: Dines Mike 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Politics as Sound: The Washington, DC, Hardcore Scene, 1978–1983, Shanya L. Maskell (2021)
Champaign, IL: Illinois University Press, 265 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-25208-622-9, p/bk, £16
Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
Authors: Etyemez Ayhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Composites are important as they have been used in a variety of different fields. Therefore, production and testing of composites have become one of the most popular topics for researchers. In this work, the physical, structural, and mechanical properties such as packing density (V

t
), bond dissociation energy (G

t
), Young’s (E), bulk (B), shear (S), longitudinal (L), indentation (E*) moduli, and Poisson’s ratio (σ) were obtained for (100 − x)HAP + xTiO2 composite, where x = 0, 3, 7.5, and 10 wt%. The variations in those properties with TiO2 rate in HAP composites were tested.