bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of illuminance on indication detectability during visual testing
Authors: Blankschän Michel , Kanzler Daniel , Bertovic Marija , Rosenthal Martina , Liebich Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Visually detecting irregularities on components is a complex process, influenced by physical, technical, and human factors. Current standards mainly focus on illuminance, demanding highest accuracy for it, without providing scientific justification. In this research, 63 inspectors visually inspected forgings, with and without crack-like indications. The influence of illuminance on probability of detection was investigated. Therefore, illuminance was varied in three steps (200 lx, 350 lx, 500 lx). Human factors (e.g., experience, motivation) were recorded by using questionnaires. The results show no significant difference in probability of detection between the three illuminance levels. Equal probability of detection rates could be achieved at illuminances below and at the required threshold (500 lx). A difference in illuminance was found between the measurement point and the test area of the respective participant. This leads to higher assumed illuminance than present on the component. Compared with the measurement accuracy of the used illuminance meter, none of these deviations could be used to explain the similar results at different illuminance. The fact that illuminance has a significant influence in detecting indications has been disproven for this case. Whether human factors can provide explanation for the results remains unclear. This will be investigated in further research.
Homogenization effect on precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of an extruded AA7050 alloy
Authors: Atapek Ş. Hakan , Eker İrfan , Kahrıman Fulya , Polat Şeyda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, effect of homogenization on precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties during aging in AA7050 alloy was investigated. The billet material produced by direct chill method was homogenized at 470 °C for 12–20 h and then extruded to form T-profile. The electrical conductivity of the alloy aged at 120 and 185 °C for 0–36 h were measured and precipitation kinetics were calculated based on the relationship between increased electrical conductivity and amount of precipitates during aging. Time dependent precipitation fraction change curves using Avrami equations revealed that precipitation accelerated as the homogenization time increased due to increased nucleation and growth rates of precipitates. Peak hardness values in aging were reached depending on the increase in homogenization time, however, lower peak hardness (∼185 HV) was determined at 185 °C aging compared to the obtained ones (195–197 HV) at 120 °C aging. Depending on the increase in homogenization time, an increase trend in strength was detected in peak aged alloys. The application of longer time homogenization and subsequent aging caused an increase in strengths. The studied homogenization and aging conditions could be a useful guide for achieving the highest strength and ideal elongation values in commercial practice for the AA7050 alloy.
Small-Strain Characteristics of Reconstituted Soils: The Effect of Slurry Water Content and Fabric Anisotropy
Authors: Mahmood Nabeel S. , Salazar Sean E. , Coffman Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Determination of small-strain properties of soils is essential for many geotechnical applications. Reconstituted specimens have conveniently been used to characterize small-strain properties of cohesive soils in the laboratory. In this study, the influence of slurry water content (ws) and fabric anisotropy on the small-strain properties of reconstituted kaolinite and illite specimens was investigated. Bender elements were employed, within triaxial testing equipment, to obtain vertically propagated, horizontally polarized, shear wave velocity measurements and corresponding shear moduli during the consolidation stage of undrained triaxial compression tests. The soils were initially prepared at water content values of one and one-half (1.5×) and three (3×) times the respective liquid limit for each soil type. The shear wave velocity and shear modulus data were normalized to the void index by following a procedure that was similar to procedures that have previously been used to normalize compression and undrained shear strength data. Unique “intrinsic” relationships for shear wave velocity or shear modulus, independent of soil fabric, were not observed during this study. Inherent fabric anisotropy was also assessed by comparing the aforementioned triaxial shear wave velocity data to measurements of horizontally propagated, vertically polarized, shear wave velocity that were obtained by utilizing bender elements within a consolidation device. The amount of fabric anisotropy was dissimilar and the characteristics of the cross-anisotropic fabric were not observed for the specimens. The amount of inherent fabric anisotropy (Vs,HV/Vs,VH) ranged from 0.63 to 0.97 for the kaolinite and illite specimens with ws values of 1.5× the liquid limit and ranged from 1.13 to 1.21 for kaolinite specimens with ws values of 3× the liquid limit. During the shearing stage, inconsistent and unreliable relationships were obtained for the shear wave velocity-vertical effective stress behavior and shear modulus-axial strain behavior. As discussed herein, the ws level should be considered when reconstituting soil specimens for small-strain stiffness determination.
Targeted Imaging of Tumor Associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Yanni , Zeng Yunting , Xiao Xiaoyun , Liu Hejun , Zhou Boyang , Luo Baoming , Saw Phei Er , Jiang Qiongchao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease lacking prognostic markers. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment are associated with distant metastasis as well as poorer outcomes in breast cancer. Therefore, monitoring TAMs may guide prognostic assessment. This study explores an imaging modality based on a two-step click chemistry procedure for detecting TAMs in breast cancer. Mannose-targeted liposomes (MAN-lipo-AAG) and non-targeted liposomes (lipo-AAG) encapsulating Ac4GalNAz were prepared and comprehensively characterized. The sizes of the prepared MAN-lipo-AAG and lipo-AAG were 126 ± 0.22 and 93 ± 0.23 nm, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated higher uptake of MAN-lipo-AAG than lipo-AAG by RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed that bright, homogeneous fluorescence labeling was present on RAW264.7 cell membranes in the MAN-lipo-AAG group. Furthermore, in vivo analysis indicated that MAN-lipo-AAG, compared with lipo-AAG, had higher accumulation in a 4T1 xenograft model and higher uptake by mannose-overexpressing TAMs. This study describes a promising approach for specific and non-invasive TAM-targeted imaging via metabolic glycoengineering.
Modulation of Hippocampal Network Oscillation by PICK1-Dependent Cell Surface Expression of mGlu3 Receptors
Authors: Tuduri Pola , Bouquier Nathalie , Girard Benoit , Moutin Enora , Thouaye Maxime , Perroy Julie , Bertaso Federica , Ster Jeanne 
Published: October 2022

Metabotropic glutamate receptor Type 3 (mGlu3) controls the sleep/wake architecture, which plays a role in the glutamatergic pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Interestingly, mGlu3 receptor expression is decreased in the brain of schizophrenic patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating mGlu3 receptors at the cell membrane. Subcellular receptor localization is strongly dependent on protein–protein interactions. Here we show that mGlu3 interacts with PICK1 and that this scaffolding protein is important for mGlu3 surface expression and function in hippocampal primary cultures. Disruption of their interaction via an mGlu3 C-terminal mimicking peptide or an inhibitor of the PDZ domain of PICK1 altered the functional expression of mGlu3 receptors in neurons. We next investigated the impact of disrupting the mGlu3-PICK1 interaction on hippocampal theta oscillationsin vitroandin vivoin WT male mice. We found a decreased frequency of theta oscillations in organotypic hippocampal slices, similar to what was previously observed in mGlu3 KO mice. In addition, hippocampal theta power was reduced during rapid eye movement sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and wake states after intraventricular administration of the mGlu3 C-terminal mimicking peptide. Targeting the mGlu3-PICK1 complex could thus be relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDysregulation of the glutamatergic system might play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Metabotropic glutamate receptors Type 3 (mGlu3) have been proposed as potential targets for schizophrenia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mGlu3 receptor at the cell membrane is critical toward comprehending how their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Here we describe that the binding of the signaling and scaffolding protein PICK1 to mGlu3 receptors is important for their localization and physiological functions. The identification of new proteins that associate specifically to mGlu3 receptors will advance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms associated with their targeting and function and ultimately might provide new therapeutic strategies to counter these psychiatric conditions.
Unravelling genetic causality of haematopoiesis on bone metabolism in human
Authors: Ho Shun-Cheong , Li Gloria Hoi-Yee , Leung Anskar Yu-Hung , Tan Kathryn C B , Cheung Ching-Lung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Haematopoiesis was shown to regulate bone metabolism in in vivo studies. However, whether haematopoiesis has causal effects on bone health has never been investigated in humans. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships of blood traits with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture.

Design and methods
Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, causal relationship of 29 blood traits with estimated BMD (eBMD), total body BMD (TBBMD), lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD), femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) and fracture were evaluated by inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and multiple sensitivity analyses. Relevant genetic data were obtained from the largest possible publicly available genome-wide association studies.

Results
Eight genetically determined red blood cell traits showed positive causal effects on eBMD, with beta estimates ranging from 0.009 (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) to 0.057 (haemoglobin concentration), while three white blood cell traits, including lymphocyte count (beta: −0.020; 95% CI: −0.033 to −0.007), neutrophil count (beta: −0.020; 95% CI: −0.035 to −0.006) and white blood cell count (beta: −0.027; 95% CI: −0.039 to −0.014), were inversely associated with eBMD. Causal effects for six of these blood traits were validated on TBBMD, LSBMD, FNBMD and/or fracture. The association of reticulocyte count (beta: 0.040; 95% CI: 0.016 to 0.063), haemoglobin (beta: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.021 to 0.094) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (beta: 0.030; 95% CI: 0.007 to 0.054) with eBMD remained significant in multivariable IVW analyses adjusted for other blood traits.

Conclusion
This study provided evidence that haematopoietic system might regulate the skeletal system in humans and suggested the possible pathophysiology of bone diseases among people with haematological diseases.

Significance statement
We conducted a novel Mendelian randomization study investigating the causal relationship of blood cells with bone mineral density. Red and white blood cell traits have positive and inverse causal relationship with bone mineral density, respectively, suggesting a potential link of haematopoietic system with the skeletal system in humans. Current findings suggest individuals with related haematological diseases, such as anaemia and leukocytosis, may have a lifelong increased risk of osteoporosis and/or fracture. Given that complete blood count is commonly performed in clinical setting, whether complete blood count can be used to predict fracture risk warrants further investigation.
USE OF SATELLITE INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yelistratova L.O. , Apostolov O.A. , Khodorovskyi A.Ya. , Khyzhniak A.V. , Tomchenko O.V. , Lialko V.I. 
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the assessment of the economic losses of Ukraine in 2022 as a result of armed conflict based on the analysis of remote sensing data. Today, under conditions of war in Ukraine, there are growing crises in the economic, social, natural, and other spheres of society. Under these conditions, there is a growing need for objective operational monitoring and assessment of the direction of changes in the economy and social sphere of life of the population. That is why the purpose of the study was chosen to evaluate the possibilities of using the VIIRS thermal imager data installed on the Suomi NPP satellite about the night illumination of the territory to monitor the socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions during military operations. The data from the Suomi NPP satellite for March 2021 (pre-war period) and 2022 (during the period of military aggression) were used for the study. Methodologically, the quantitative indicator chosen is the total light intensity (TLI), namely, the sum of the illuminance values of all pixels on the territory of each of the regions of Ukraine. It was found that the value of the total night illumination of the administrative regions of Ukraine depends on the number of settlements in the region, the development of industry and transport network, as well as the area of the administrative area. In addition, the intensity of illumination of the methodology of J. Vernon Henderson is closely related to an important indicator of economic activity—electricity consumption. The article presents statistical and illustrative results of the analysis of night illumination from the Suomi NPP/VIIRS satellite of the administrative regions of Ukraine for March 2021, and 2022. Analysis of the results showed that the value of the ratio of night light for March 2021, and 2022 vary in a wide range from 0.84 to 21.2. On average, the value of the change in the night light index for March 2021 and 2022 for all regions of Ukraine is 6.04. Such changes in nighttime illumination can be explained both directly by combat operations and by the observance of light camouflage, the introduction of curfew during martial law in Ukraine, as well as the small industrial and economic development of the economy in some regions of Ukraine and the low level of spatial concentration of the population. The novelty of this study is the improvement, based on the use of materials from the SNPP/VIIRS satellite with greater spatial resolution, of the previously developed nighttime illumination methodology and its practical application during active warfare.
КВАНТОВО-ХІМІЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ КЛАСТЕРІВ ОРТОСИЛІКАТНОЇ КИСЛОТИ З ДЕЯКИМИ КИСЛОТАМИ У ВОДНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ
Authors: Мандрика Артем Г. , Пасенко Олександр О. , Верещак Віктор Г. , Осокін Євген С. 
Published: October 2022

У роботі проводилось теоретичне дослідження на рівні DFT, де було показано енергетичні параметри водневих зв’язків для кластерів складу H4SiO4 · L, де L – H2O, CH3SO3H, CH3SO3−, H3PO4, H2PO4−, HPO42−, PO43−, HSO4−, SO42−, та їх реакції приєднання, обміну з відповідними константами рівноваги. Було показано, що стабільність молекули H4SiO4 підвищується в ряду HSO4−< CH3SO3− < H2PO4− < SO42−< PO43−< HPO43−. Встановлено, що найбільша стійкість молекули H4SiO4 спостерігається в присутності аніону HPO43−, в якості ліганду. Аналіз розрахунків показав, що з підвищенням ступеня дисоціації лігандів спостерігається нелінійна тенденція зміни енергії зв’язування водневих зв’язків в залежності від природи самого ліганду. Показано, що всі досліджувані кислоти утворюють по два водневі зв’язки з OH-групами ортокремнієвої кислоти. Показані залежності вільної енергії Гіббса від сумарного заряду ортофосфатної кислоти та сумарної енергії зв’язування міжмолекулярних водневих зв’язків від вільної енергії Гіббса реакції утворення кластерів з аніонами ортофосфатної кислоти. Показано особливості зв’язування центру Бренстеда на прикладі кластеру [H5SiO4+ · CH3SO3−].
Vivienda unifamiliar en Gorraiz
Authors: Mangado Francisco 
Published: October 2022

La vivienda se localiza en una de esas urbanizaciones sin valor que van llenando los alrededores de nuestras ciudades, sin más criterio que permitir
la construcción al margen de cualquier voluntad que pretenda, con carácter general, la búsqueda de una cierta calidad arquitectónica. En este caso se trata de una extensa y "exclusiva" área cerca de la ciudad de Pamplona. De una operación especulativa ejecutada en tomo a la construcción de un campo de golf y que, eso sí, aparece rodeada de atractivos paisajes que definen el horizonte lejano.
Determination of subdural hematoma volume: Comparative analysis of calculation methods
Authors: Vinogradov V. V. , Chubun B. S. , Alekseev D. E. , Rafaelyan A. A. , Dikikh K. A. , Svistov D. V. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Accurate calculation of the volume of subdural hematomas of traumatic, vascular, and other origins during diagnosis is complicated which leads to difficulties in selection of optimal tactics of neurosurgical treatment. Aim. To preform comparative analysis of accuracy of different methods of subdural hematoma volume calculations to increase the quality of evaluation of the results of radiological methods in selection of surgical tactics.Materials and methods. Data from preoperative computed tomography of 20 patients (15 men and 5 women between the ages of 20 and 60 years) with confirmed diagnosis of subdural hematoma who were examined and treated at the Neurosurgery Clinic of the Kirov Military Medical Academy were used. Four groups were formed based of the calculation method: two groups using formulas for volume of ellipsoid or convexo-concave lens (the shape most accurately representing the shape of subdural hematoma); electronic algorithm of volume calculation (Gamma MultiVox D2 software, Gammamed-Soft, Russia); control method (manual sectional calculation of areas of the formed structures with subsequent summation).Results. Deviations between the obtained values varied between +18 and -16 %. Deviations for calculations using ellipsoid volume formula were +46 and -19 %; using convexo-concave lens formula +38 and -35 %, respectively. Electronic calculation algorithm (Gamma MultiVox D2) showed the best accuracy compared to other methods including the control method.Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the accuracy of the studied methods of calculation of subdural hematoma volume showed that median results are statistically similar which allows for selection and use of these methods in accordance with the neurosurgeon's preferences.Study of the algorithm based on ellipsoid volume shows low specificity of this method, comparatively high deviations of the results from the true value with a trend toward overprediction.Calculation using volume of convexo-concave lens showed intermediate result if the shape of the hematoma corresponded to the ideal chape of a figure enclosed between two segments of a sphere. In cases where the shape did not correspond to the convexo-concave lens, both overprediction and underprediction of hematoma volume were observed.Calculations using the Gamma MultiVox D2 software showed the highest accuracy, lowest range of deviation from the control data, best versatility, independence from both the shape and location of the subdural hematoma, as well as selection of a section used in other algorithms for the measurements.It should be noted that accuracy of determination of subdural hematoma volume by the studied methods is directly proportional to time necessary for calculation.
Opportunities of microsurgical training using a stereomicroscope and simple instruments
Authors: Babichev K. N. , Stanishevskiy A. V. , Martynov R. S. , Svistov D. V. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Modern neurosurgery requires the surgeon to be skilled in microsurgical techniques to be able to operate efficiency and safety. Maintaining and developing these skills is one of main goal for neurosurgery. Optimal use of simple models for microsurgical techniques. For this purpose, we use an stereomicroscope and simple microinstruments to enable training without interruption from the main activity or at home.Aim. To introduce a microneurosurgery training based on use of stereomicroscope and simple microinstruments that can be used for daily training.Materials and methods. Simple microinstruments and stereomicroscope were used for anastomosis and suturing training. All equipment and tools were purchased on the AliExpress online trading platform. We suture neighboring fibers of the gauze with 9/0-12/0 nylon under fixed and highest magnification. Chicken blood vessels were used as a material for anastomosis training. A long segment of blood vessel from the proximal brachial artery to the distal radial artery was used for anastomosis. End-to-side anastomosis was practiced first, and the training continued with end-to-end anastomosis of the appropriate segments. Also, we used homemade box made of LEGO for training dexterity and maneuverability in the limited and deep field. Progress in changing microsurgical skills was assessed by the duration and quality of suturing and anastomoses.Results. The instruments used for these models were affordable, simple and easy to use. The simple, but the same time effective training, is the suture neighboring fibers of the gauze. Daily training allowed us improve the skills of anastomosis reducing time for anastomosis end-to-side from 40 min to 22 min 40 sec. The same results we noticed using suture neighboring fibers of the gauze, reducing time of exercises by 15 min. This training system is somewhat of a drawback compared to the simulation of a real clinical setting. However, due to the extremely easy accessibility and accessibility, the stereomicroscope and simple instrument allow us to use them for daily training. This resulted in a steep learning curve of the technique.Conclusion. This study suggests an effective and feasible method for microneurosurgical training using stereomicroscope and simple microinstruments. The improvement of our manual skills, marked by constant training, testifies about the necessity of microsurgical training both in the training of neurosurgeons and in the future.