bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpesvirus and neurological manifestations in patients with severe coronavirus disease
Authors: Carneiro Vanessa Cristine de Souza , Leon Soniza Vieira Alves , Sarmento Dmitry J S. , Coelho Wagner L. C. N. P. , Moreira Otacilio C. , Salvio Andreza L. , Ramos Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Filho Carlos Henrique Ferreira Ramos , Marques Carla A.B. , Gonçalves João Paulo da Costa , Leon Luciane A. Amado , Paula Vanessa Salete 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
.Certain clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mimic those associated with human herpesvirus (HHV) infection. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19 and determined if coinfection is associated with poorer outcomes and neurological symptoms.
Methods
We analyzed samples of 53 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The samples were evaluated for the presence of alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses, and the viral loads were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.
Results
Among the patients, in 73.6% had detection at least one type of herpesvirus. HHV-6 (47.2%), cytomegalovirus (43.3%), and HHV-7 (39.6%) showed the highest detection rates. Patients with a high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ) load were more likely to show herpes simplex virus 1 detection (p = 0.037). Among patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HHVs, 26.4% showed central nervous system-associated neurological symptoms and herpetic manifestations. A statistically significant association was observed between neurological changes and HHV-6 detection (p = 0.034).
Conclusions
The findings showed a high prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore,even though SARS-CoV-2 and HHV coinfection was not associated with poorer outcomes, the findings demonstrated the association between neurological symptoms and HHV-6 detection.
Effectiveness of a visual tool developed to promote adherence to early mobilization protocol and increase the out-of-bed mobilization rate for adult patients in the intensive care unit: a quality improvement before-and-after study
Authors: Souza Patricia Nery , Kroth Jessica Borges , Ligero Amanda dos Santos , Mendes Juliana Mesti , Vasconcelos Ana Ligia Maida , Pastore Laerte , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira dos Santos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The ABCDE bundle in critical care is recommended to reduce long-term consequences of intensive care unit (ICU) and to promote better outcomes for the patients. Early progressive mobilization, represented as letter “E”, despite of had been proposed as a safe strategy in intensive care unit, it is still considered challenging by the inherent ICU barriers and poor adherence to early mobilization protocol. Recently, the letter “F” was incorporated into the bundle, representing the patient’s family participation, which can optimize care and patient’s recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness to improve the adherence to the early mobilization protocol after a quality improvement multifaceted strategy which resulted in the development of a specific visual tool, the “mobility clock”, in order to involve in the process beyond the healthcare professionals the patients, and family members.
Methods
A single-center before-after study was conducted using data from medical records or hospital electronic databases. A sample size of 88 patients per period was calculated to verify a reduction by 10% on the non-compliance rate with the institutional early mobilization protocol.
Results
Patients from different periods presented similar baseline characteristics. After the intervention, a decline in non-compliance with the protocol was observed compared to the previous period (10.11% vs. 26.97%, p < 0.004). Regarding mobility landmarks, the proportion of patients walking was significantly higher in the “after” period (49.44% vs. 29.21%, p < 0.006). The ICU readmission rate was lower on the “after” period (2.25% vs. 11.24%; p = 0.017).
Conclusions
The multifaceted strategy specifically designed to the institutional barriers was effective in increasing adherence to early mobilization protocol causing an increasing in the out of bed mobilization rate in the adult ICU of a tertiary hospital.
Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory
Authors: Bryson Abigail , Lanier Emily , Lau Kin , Mathieu Davis , Yocca Alan , Miller Garret , Edger Patrick , Buell Carol Robin , Hamberger Björn Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The spatial organization of genes within plant genomes can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. In this study we investigated the origin and subsequent evolution of a diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) present throughout the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Terpenoids are important specialized metabolites in plants with diverse adaptive functions that enable environmental interactions, such as chemical defense. Based on core genes found in the BGCs of all species examined across the Lamiaceae, we predict a simplified version of this cluster evolved in an early Lamiaceae ancestor. The current composition of the extant BGCs highlights the dynamic nature of its evolution. We elucidate the terpene backbones generated by the Callicarpa americana BGC enzymes, including miltiradiene and the novel terpene (+)-kaurene, and show oxidization activities of BGC cytochrome P450s. Our work reveals the fluid nature of BGC assembly and the importance of genome structure in contributing to the origin of novel metabolites.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Zuspan Regime With The Alternative Regime In The Maintenance Therapy Of Magnesium Sulphate In Severe Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Choudhary Amruta , Acharya Neema , Inamdar Saunitra , Acharya Shourya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy causes 14% mortality and is considered second common direct cause for maternal mortality. Pre-eclampsia is a new onset of hypertension detected after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria. It is categorised as severe and non severe. The definitive management of severe preclampsia is termination of pregnancy but prevention of seizures is most important part of management. The anticonvulsant of choice is magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ). The doses of magnesium sulphate are given as per the regimens of Pritchard or Zuspan regimen which are accepted as standard regimen globally. There is narrow therapeutic window of magnesium sulphate and can cause life threatening complications. Thus, considering the complications of magnesium sulphate in women of low BMI and difficulty in monitoring the magnesium levels in low resourse settings, many modified and alternate regimens have been developed. Rationale: In treatment of severe preclampsia, 24 hours maintenance therapy of magnesium sulphate is considered as standard regimen but no justification is given for this duration in present literature. Aims and objective: To develop a short duration regimen of maintenance dose of anticonvulsive magnesium sulphate therapy and compare with the standard regimen for treatment of severe pre-eclampsia in an effort to reduce adverse events and improve early recovery without compromising the effectiveness.Material and methods: This will be a randomised controlled trial, total 54 cases will be recruited in the case and control group each as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. All enrolled patients of study will receive loading dose of MgSO4, 4 gm intravenously. Maintenance dose will be given as 1gm/hour as continuous intravenous infusion with infusion pump for 12hours in study group and for 24 hours in control group. The primary outcome will be the occurrence of a seizure any time after the completion of treatment in both groups and secondary outcome will be maternal health outcomes and magnesium sulphate toxicities.Results-The result would be undertaken in SPSS software.Conclusion-The conclusion will be based on finding of study. Ethical clearance: Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional ethics committee.
SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Moncunill Gemma , Espinosa Ana , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Rubio Rocío , Vidal Marta , Jiménez Alfons , Prados Esther , Carreras Anna , Cortés Beatriz , Blay Natàlia , Bañuls Marc , Pleguezuelos Vanessa , Melero Natalia Rodrigo , Serra Pau , Parras Daniel , Izquierdo Luis , Santamaría Pere , Carolis Carlo , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Goldberg Ximena , Aguilar Ruth , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , de Cid Rafael , Kogevinas Manolis , Dobaño Carlota 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.Methods We measured IgM, IgA and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1,076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June-November 2020 and a second time between May-July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods.Results Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants infected almost a year ago and non-vaccinated, and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years and smoking. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, mental and cardiovascular diseases.Conclusions Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient response to vaccination.
Minocycline protects PC12 cells against cadmium- induced neurotoxicity by modulating apoptosis
Authors: Shayan Mersedeh , Mehri Soghra , Razavi Bibi Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known heavy metal and an environmental toxic agent. Upon human exposure, severe outcomes, such as neurotoxicity, can be anticipated. Minocycline (Mino) is an anti-microbial agent with a lipophilic structure that crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the cerebral tissue. Based on recent studies, Mino has been introduced as an anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic chemical compound, and therefore it was examined as a protective candidate against Cd-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, PC12 cells were exposed to Cd alone, or after being pre-treated with Mino. Initially, the cell viability and oxidative stress were analyzed using the MTT assay and fluorimetry, respectively. Then, Cd-induced apoptosis and Mino anti-apoptotic effect were evaluated in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways using western blot analysis. Exposing PC12 cells to Cd for 24 hours decreased cell viability and increased production of reactive oxygen species in comparison with the control group. Cd (35 µM) also elevated the level of caspase-8, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in the cells. Mino pre-treatment for 2 hours (100 nM) increased the number of viable cells, and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, and the level of all apoptotic markers in comparison to Cd-treated cells. Considering all the evidence, it appears that Mino holds promising anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity and can protect cells against Cd-induced oxidative stress and prevent apoptotic cell death.
Canal-Net: Automatic and Robust 3D Segmentation of Mandibular Canals in CBCT Images Using a Continuity-Aware Contextual Network
Authors: Jeoun Bo-Soung , Yang Su , Lee Sang-Jeong , Kim Tae-Il , Kim Jun-Min , Kim Jo-Eun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Lee Sam-Sun , Heo Min-Suk , Yi Won-Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to propose a continuity-aware contextual network (Canal-Net) for the automatic and robust 3D segmentation of the mandibular canal (MC) with high consistent accuracy throughout the entire MC volume in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. The Canal-Net was designed based on a 3D U-Net with bidirectional convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) under a multi-task learning framework. Specifically, the Canal-Net learned the 3D anatomical context information of the MC by incorporating spatio-temporal features from ConvLSTM, and also the structural continuity of the overall MC volume under a multi-task learning framework using multi-planar projection losses (MPL) complementally. The Canal-Net achieved higher segmentation accuracies compared to popular deep learning networks in 2D performance metrics of the Dice similarity coefficient score (DSC), Jaccard index (JI), precision (PR), and recall (RC), 3D performance metrics of volume of error (VOE), relative volume distance (RVD), and mean curve distance (MCD). The Canal-Net demonstrated a higher consistent accuracy of segmentation compared to other networks throughout the entire MC volume in the areas of low visibility by the unclear and ambiguous cortical bone layer. Furthermore, the Canal-Net outperformed other state-of-the-art networks in MC segmentation. Therefore, the continuity-aware contextual network (Canal-Net) demonstrated substantially enhanced performance for the automatic and robust 3D segmentation of the MC throughout the entire MC volume in CBCT images.
Lactobacillus plantarum S9 alleviates lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Zhao Lei , Shen Yunjiao , Wang Yunlong , Wang Lei , Zhang Lin , Zhao Zijian , Li Shengyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Probiotics are considered to be associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum S9 on MS in HFD-fed rats, and to explore the underlying role of probiotics in the treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats fed with HFD were treated with L. plantarum S9 for 6 weeks. The results showed that L. plantarum S9 significantly decreased the body weight gain, Lee’s index, and liver index. Additionally, L. plantarum S9 reduced the levels of serum lipids and insulin resistance. L. plantarum S9 also decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in liver. Moreover, the serum levels of MS-related inflammatory signaling molecules, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were significantly elevated. Western blot analysis showed that L. plantarum S9 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, decreased the expression level of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), suppressed the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors in HFD-fed rats. Moreover, it further decreased the ratios of p-IκBα/IκBα, p-p65/NF-κB p65, and p-p38/p38. In summary, L. plantarum S9 can be used as a potential functional strain for the prevention and treatment of MS.
No “carry-over” effects of tracking devices on return rate and parameters determining reproductive success in single and repeatedly tagged common swifts (Apus apus) a long-distance migratory bird
Authors: Hase Mark Alexander , Wellbrock Arndt Horst Johann , Witte Klaudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To understand life-history strategies in migratory bird species, we should focus on migration behaviour and possible carry-over effects on both population and individual level. Tracking devices are useful tools to directly investigate migration behaviour. With increased use of tracking devices, questions arise towards animal welfare and possible negative effects of logger on birds. Several studies were conducted to address this question in single tagged birds but with mixed results. To detect individual-based decisions regarding migration strategy, we need to track the same individuals several times. So far, there are no data at all on effects of tagging on repeatedly tagged migratory birds.Methods: We used long-term data of 85 tagged common swifts (Apus apus), a long-distance migratory bird, of a breeding colony in Germany to test whether carrying a geolocator or GPS logger once or repeatedly during non-breeding season affected return rate and parameters determining breeding success. Additionally, we checked for individual differences in arrival date and breeding parameters when the same individuals were tagged and when they are not tagged in different years. Further, we calculated the individual repeatability in arrival at the breeding colony and date of egg laying in repeatedly tagged swifts.Results: Single and repeatedly tagged birds returned to the colony at a similar rate as non-logger birds and tend to arrive earlier than non-logger birds. We detected no differences in time lag to clutch initiation, date of clutch initiation, clutch size, number of chicks and fledglings between logger and non-logger birds. We found no effect of loggers on the arrival date and breeding parameter on individual-level. And arrival date and date of clutch initiation were moderately to highly repeatable within repeatedly tagged individuals.Conclusions: Our data indicated that carrying a logger once or repeatedly had no effect on return rate and breeding success in common swifts.
Characterization and genotoxic effects of green synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by Punica granatum peel extract and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Shaban Abdelghany S. , Owda M. E. , Basuoni Mostafa M. , Mousa M. A. , Radwan Ahmed A. , Saleh Ahmed K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated fruit peel extract is gaining importance due to its cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly. Herein, ZnO-NPs were synthesized by pomegranate peel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using SEM, TEM-SAID, FT-IR, XRD and particle size analysis. The results revealed that the ZnO-NPs was agglomerated spherical and hexagonal shapes with an average diameter of 20 to 40 nm and crystallinity formed. For multiple applications of ZnO-NPs, the antimicrobial activity showed significant inhibition against the pathogenic microbes used with 62.5 and 31.25 µg/ml of MIC for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively, 125 and 250 µg/ml of MIC for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Also ZnO-NPs showed antioxidant activity with IC50 = 240 and 250 µg/ml by DPPH and ABTS respectively. All concentrations of ZnO-NPs showed greatly significance for improved germination of barley seed and shoot height with the optimum concentration reach to 2 and 12 ppm of ZnO-NPs for both seed germination (90%) and shoot height (6.5) respectively, while the greatest root extension (6 cm) was observed at 2 ppm of ZnO-NPs. The mitotic index increased at lower nanoparticle concentrations and exposure times but declined considerably as the nanoparticle dose and exposure duration increased, until most concentrations reached 100% suppression after 12 hours with a variety of chromosomal abnormalities. Using a green synthetic strategy, the researchers were able to create efficient, eco-friendly, and simple multifunctional ZnO NPs, and in the process, they gained a deeper understanding of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in plant cells.
Water absorption of industrial high-density polyethylene biocomposites reinforced with Washingtonia filifera fibers: optimization using Fick’s, RSM, and ANN models
Authors: Lekrine Abdelaziz , Belaadi Ahmed , Boumaaza Messaouda , Alshahrani Hassan , Bourchak Mostefa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the phenomenon of water absorption scattering mechanisms and biocomposite kinetics by the immersion of different HDPE matrix reinforced with different amounts of Washingtonia filifera (WF) fibers (10, 20, and 30% by mass) in distilled water at room temperature. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were examined by considering WF fiber content and immersion time in the water absorption of HDPE/WF biocomposite. In this study, the central composite design (CCD) model of RSM was used to perform test design, modelling, and optimization. The process of water absorption was revealed to be tracking the diffusion mode of Fickian. The results obtained show that the addition of WF fibers to HDPE matrix reduced diffusivity. The results also reveal that ANN models were highly accurate in the prediction of water absorption with the training, validation, and test correlation coefficients of 0.9955, 0.9999, and 0.9915, respectively. The optimal conditions for maximum absorption were a fiber content of 29.88% and an immersion time of 752 hours. Moreover, a highly appropriate model to predict HDPE/WF biocomposites water absorption suitable for various industrial applications is proposed.
Dendritic polyethylene glycol-modified folate-nickel nanotubes as an efficient antitumor nano-metal medicine
Authors: Dong Zhipeng , Zhang Nanxia , Zhang Jiahao , Luo Jun , Xu Yisong , Tang Weifang , Ye Baofeng , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Metal-containing nanomaterials have attracted substantial research efforts due to their rich compositional and structural diversity as well as the broad possible applications. However, the most metal-containing nanomaterials are normally only used as new delivery vehicles in the field of biomedicine but do not possess biologically activity by itself. Herein, we modified dendritic polyethylene glycol on one folate-nickel nanotube to fabricate a new-type of metal-containing nanotube PEG-FA-Ni NTs. We found PEG-FA-Ni NTs have exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity comparable to the positive drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin. Meanwhile, this study indicates that the PEG-FA-Ni NTs may achieve more optimal anti-tumor effects by damaging DNA, blocking cell cycle and ultimately inducing apoptosis. All the results showed that PEG-FA-Ni NTs could be a potent nanomedicine for the further development and application on cancer therapy.