bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Effects in Streptozotocin-induced Male and Female Mice: The Effect of Garlic Oil and Melatonin
Authors: Al-Rashedi Abeer , Al-Johari Banan , Al-Abbasi Rahaf , Sindi Raghdh , Hameed Rawan Bin , Al-Saadi Sulafah , Al-Awam Sara , Bukhari Mawada , Al-Talhi Rahaf , Al-Hindi Yosra 
Published: January 2022

Background: Recent studies have revealed that a hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide can be the first event in the activation of all pathways involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes. Supplementation of garlic was found to decrease diabetes-induced oxidative stress complications. Studies shown also that melatonin attenuates diabetes‐induced oxidative stress in diabetic induced rabbits and rats.
Objective: In this present study, oxidative stress in diabetic model and the effect of garlic oil or melatonin treatment were examined in both genders' male and females' mice.
Methods: 96 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including control (C), diabetic (D), melatonin 10 mg/kg (D+M), garlic extract 100 mg/kg (D+G) and combined melatonin and garlic (D+M+G). All treatments were given orally daily for 16 weeks after induction of hyperglycemia by streptozocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose and antioxidant levels were estimated.
Results: Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, showed a significant increase of plasma glucose, lipid peroxide and uric acid. Accordingly, significant decreases in the levels of antioxidants ceruloplasmin were found in the plasma of diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with garlic oil or melatonin for 16 weeks significantly increased plasma levels of ceruloplasmin activities. Lipid peroxides, uric acid, blood glucose was decreased significantly after treatment with garlic oil or melatonin.
Conclusion: The results suggest that garlic oil or melatonin may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidants status in streptozotocin induced diabetes in both males and females mice.
COVID-19: The Pandemic Situation in the Context of India
Authors: Hardaswani Daksh 
Published: January 2022

The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic due to the global health crisis it has created in the world and greatest challenges that it has introduced in this 21ST century. COVID-19 is the the 5th pandemic which was first reported in Wuhan, China and gradually spread into the other parts of the world. This virus is a spillover of an animal virus and then also adapted the ability of transferring human to human. The virus is highly contagious due to rapid spread and constantly evolves in the human population. COVID-19 pandemic is a lot more than just a health emergency, but it is also socio-economic because people are losing jobs and income. The COVID-19 disease affects physical and mental health due to isolation. Moreover, more and more countries are affecting the cases of COVID-19 which are rising very rapidly day by day.
Therefore, every country needs to several actions which accelerates their safety health, balance between the protection of health, prevent economic and social disruption due to this pandemic. In the spirit of the solidarity, we all need to be contributing our self to protect this situation. However, every country is equally responsible for determining the measures to prevent or decrease the viral transmission. Government authorizes also trying to act for reduce disease’s trajectory and they focus on develop the vaccination and therapeutic drugs.
Aim: To find causes, symptoms, awareness, Prevention, and treatment of COVID-19.
Conclusion: The world is going by the critical situation and that is COVID-19 pandemic which is originated due to corona virus. Shortness of breath, fever and dry cough are most common symptoms of the novel corona virus. COVID-19 is highly contagious, so we must keep safe distance from other people and wear a mast hand wash our hands frequently. As it were together can we overcome the interwoven wellbeing and social and financial impacts of the widespread and anticipate its acceleration into an extended compassionate and nourishment security catastrophe, with the potential misfortune of as of now accomplished advancement picks up.
Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Differentiation and Characterization in to Islet like Pancreatic Cell Lineages – An Ex-vivo and In-vitro Study
Authors: Inbanathan Jaiganesh , Krithika Chandrasekaran , Ponnazhagan K. , Srinivasan Srividhya , Manodh P. , Sanjana M. R. 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been demonstrated as a novel population of adult stem cells capable of multi-differentiation potential.
Methods: Study samples comprise of 30 extracted exfoliating primary teeth collected from children aged 6 to 14 years. After attaining the required cell passage, flowcytometric analysis and trilineage differentiation was done to characterize SHEDs. Further SHEDs were differentiated into Islet like cell aggregates (ICAs) using Serum free media A,B&C. Differentiated ICAs were characterized by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, DTZ stain and insulin assay.
Results: Flowcytometric analysis of SHEDs showed expression of positive markers CD73, CD90 while no expression of negative markers CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. Isolated SHEDs had the potential to differentiate into tri-lineages and ICAs. RT-PCR analysis of derived ICAs showed up-regulated expression of GAPDH, insulin, Glut2, PDX1 and PAX6. Immunofluorescence analysis gave expression of Ngn3, Isl-1, C-peptide, Glut2 and PDX1. DTZ stained positive on derived ICAs.Insulin secretion of SHED derived ICAs were measured 26 ± 6 MIU/L at basal glucose level, 128±3 MIU/L and 240 ±9 MIU/L at stimulated glucose level which gave a statistically significant difference in mean value of insulin secreted in different concentration of glucose (p<0.001). The net insulin secretion value of SHED derived ICAs at different glucose concentration was less when compared with Min 6 cells used as positive control.
Interpretation and Conclusion: Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth are mesenchymal stem cells which has the unique potential to differentiate into islet like cell aggregates and serve as a promising source of insulin which under standardized protocols and experimentations can be used for stem cell based therapy for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Physiology of Seed Dormancy and Germination-A Review
Authors: Nalwa Cherry , Seth Meenakshi 
Published: January 2022

Seed dormancy is considered as an inherent property which outlines the environmental conditions in which the seed is accomplished to evolve. To better understand seed dormancy mechanisms, a series of rigorous studies examining seed metabolism in relation to gibberellin and abscisic acid have been organised. Abscisic acid is a hormone involved in the formation of primary dormancy, whereas gibberellins are a hormone involved in the induction of germination. During changes in dormancy certain variations in sensitivity can be observed. In the higher plants as the dormancy is present across all climatic regions differing responses in the environment has resulted due to adaptation. As a result of this variance, incubation is timed to avoid adverse weather conditions in order to promote reproductive growth and plant establishment. All molecular mechanisms emphasizing kernel latency initiation, conservation and improvement play a large part in the evolution and adaptation of these seeds and plants and their importance is indescribable. Together genetic and environmental factors are liable for triggering seed dormancy. For the induction of seed dormancy and besides its release the balance between the intensity of ABA plus GA remain in charge. There is a triphasic pattern of germination including imbibition i.e rapid uptake of water, enzyme activation and initiation of embryo growth resulting in the radicle protrusion. The dormancy state is regulated not only by the seed maturation environment, but it also changes over time after shedding in a way that is determined by the ambient environment.
A Case Report on Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Pande Milind , Vagha Sunita , Goyal Aditi , Kotecha Raunak 
Published: January 2022

Background: Out of the various malignant tumours originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system, lymphoma is one such important entity. It is divided into Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) depending on its cell source. A very rare type of malignant variant of lymphoma is the primary splenic lymphoma, involving exclusively the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes. Moreover, splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is even more infrequent. SMZL is an uncommon chronic B lymphocyte proliferative disease, which only accounts for about 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The mean age of SMZL incidence is about 65 years. There is no known significant gender predominance. A quarter of patients with early diagnosed SMZL have known to have vague symptoms like abdominal pain and distention; and other patients may be accompanied by loss of weight, malaise, cachexia, splenomegaly, or other manifestations.
Conclusion: Although, a good prognostic outcome is what is usually expected from most patients of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma who undergo splenectomise, an aggressive transformation leading to a worse direction cannot be ruled out. SMZL is very challenging to be diagnosed pre-operatively due to the lack of specificity in clinical presentation.
Periodontal Health in Sickle Cell Disease - A Case Control Study
Authors: Sangha Kuldip Singh , Patil Priyanka , Khadri Sayed Fazalulla , Sonawane Sushma , Gomes Sheiba Ronald , Kavle Prathibha Gopal , Khamatkar Aparna 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: A hereditary autosomal recessive condition goes by the name of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin S polymerization in red blood cells under hypoxic circumstances results in vascular blockage, which is the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. For the sake of maintaining group homogeneity, participants in the healthy group were either related to or friends of those with sickle cell disease, whereas those in the sickle cell trait group were related to those with sickle cell illness.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants were recruited for this research, 43 percent of them were female and 57 percent male. Patients in the control group were on average 30 years old, whereas those in the SCT group were 33 years old, and the average age of patients with SCD was 26. Those with sickle cell trait (SCT) and those with sickle cell disease (SCD) were divided into three categories. Patients were screened and diagnosed with chronic periodontitis using clinical criteria developed at the 1999 International World Workshop for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions.
Results: The SCD, ST, and healthy groups did not vary significantly in terms of clinical indicators such as gastrointestinal (GI), peritoneal (PPD), and caloric (CAL). SCT group PI-1.550.45, GI 1.540.43, PPD-2.170.72 was greater than the mean and standard deviation of the SCD and control groups, but the chi square test revealed it to be non-significantly different.
Conclusion: It is possible that patients with the Indian haplotype of SCD, albeit having milder symptoms of the illness, contributed to our conclusion that SCD, SCT patients had no significantly greater periodontal breakdown than healthy people. Although SCD's fundamental pathophysiology raises issues about our knowledge of periodontitis, additional study is needed.
Ethics and Professionalism in Medical Science and Its Impact on Health Care
Authors: Shinde Rekha V. , Shinde Kailas V. , Bande Pritam R. , Ambad Ranjit , Chandi Dhruba Hari 
Published: January 2022

Background: Practicing medicine is always rewarding. It brings money sometimes and friendship, experience of fame at other times. At least one gets the credit and satisfaction of having done a good deed. There could be no better deed or donation than giving life back to a patient. Actually the science of life has an unlimited scope for expansion and the physician is one of the constituent of this life science. Every science has limitations, rules and regulations to achieve the ultimate success. ( Medical) Science is light and it illuminates; one’s own intellect is vision.
Objectives: 1. To learn about Medical Ethics and how it is useful to improve the health care. 2. Professionalism in Health Care and its importance. 3. Discuss Medical Ethics and humanities, Professionalism and its impact on Health of the society.
Methodology: The datasets used to conclude the study has taken from internet database and relevant books of science of medicine. In this article author tried to explore the trait among medical professional and how it could be develop professionalism towards human health care.
Results: Ethics are the cornerstone to the professional practice because honesty and excellence aren’t just working when your profession is most trusted.
Conclusions: The ideal physician thus has the qualities as- 1. The patient’s health and well being is goal. 2. The physician continuously strives to acquire further knowledge, skill, and proficiency. 3. The physician is well wisher of and works for the uplift of society. 4. The physician is humble, modest, sympathetic and gentle. Professionalism is the part of Good Medical Practice Guidelines (GMC). According to this the Doctors deities are – Knowledge, Skills, and Performance, Safety and Quality, Communication, Partnership and Teamwork, and Maintaining Trust.
Unusual Case of Head Injury Presented with Brain Gliomas
Authors: Gajbhiye Varsha , Patil (Ganvir) Shubhangi , Gaikwad Sarika , Myadam Sushma 
Published: January 2022

Seven years female child came with parents who gave us history that 1month back, child during playing had fall on face and lost consciousness which remained for 30 min followed by convulsion. On examination patient was conscious, responds to command, vitals were stable, aphasia was present, pupils were equal and reactive to light bilaterally and horizontal gaze was restricted. There was no facial weakness, Tone increase more in left upper and lower limb .Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) increase in left side. Plantar reflex were extensors. MRI was done which shows intra axial space occupying lesion in brainstem with expansion of brainstem with hydrocephalus. Pt was inoperable and ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done for hydrocephalus. Post operatively patient was kept on assisted ventilation.
Conclusion: Unusual presentation of brainstem gliomas as head injury.
Estimation of Blood Pressure on Postprandial Breakfast, Meal and Dinner among Vegetarians
Authors: Akshetha L. S. , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood within the arteries. Based on the circadian rhythm the BP can change. DBP can change according to age. Processed foods, canned soups, snack foods, and condiments may increase BP. The main aim of this study is to estimate the difference in postprandial BP responses during breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Materials and Methods: A total of 26 healthy volunteers were randomly selected, men and women aged 17-20 for the study. Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Heart rate were measured with ambulatory Blood Pressure devices every 10 min before until 90 min after each meal. The measurements were taken to identify the difference in postprandial Blood pressure responses between breakfast, lunch and dinner. Before starting the study, informed consent was taken. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software, independent sample T test.
Results: In the present study, there was a mild increase observed before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner. There is a difference in BP before and postprandial during breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the present study, there was a mild increase observed before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the morning the body releases hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones boost energy which raises the BP. So there is decrease in BP before and postprandial during breakfast
Conclusion: From this study only a significant difference was observed in SBP, DBP, HR of dinner. There was no significant change seen in breakfast.
Impact of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function Parameters – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Hatmode Yogita , Kumar K. U. Dhanesh 
Published: January 2022

Background: There have been widespread adverse effects and association between smoking and tobacco use across published researches, but very few studies have been investigated on the beneficial effects that accompany a long-term cessation of smoking. Comparing the lung function with normal subjects might significantly use the results obtained, if positive, to encourage current smokers to quit smoking and quitters to continue to refrain from smoking.
Aims: To determine the impact of cessation of smoking on lung function parameters in quitters as compared to smokers and non-smokers.
Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was on smokers, non-smokers, and quitters in rural area of Mangalore city. A total of 150 individuals were selected for the study, 50 each from all 3 groups of smokers, non-smokers and quitters using convenient sampling method using convenient sampling process. All participants were examined for Pulmonary Function Test parameters. The analysis was carried out using the Analysis of the variance test to determine the impact of smoking cessation in lung function parameters.
Results: Significant differences were observed between quitters, smokers and non-smokers in terms of lung function parameters using ANOVA (FVC-p<0.001**, FEV1-p<0.001**, FEV1/FVC-p=0.04** PEFR difference between the groups was not significant with p=0.25). Analysis of PFT parameters using Tukey’s multiple post-hoc procedures revealed that FVC and FEV1 showed a significant differences between the quitter group when compared to the smoker group p<0-001**.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation was followed by substantial change in lung function parameters FVC and FEV1 between the quitters as opposed to the smoker community.
Review of Recent Rehabilitation Techniques for Fall Prevention in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shruthi R. , Krishnaprasad K. M. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Recurrent falls are a common phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients which leads to increased healthcare costs, poor quality of life, and caregiver burden. Through suitable exercise training fall in PD patients can be prevented or minimized. Aim of this review was to provide recent information of different intervention strategies to prevent falls in PD.
Methodology: Electronic data base such as PubMed and Scopus indexed journals were searched from the past five year to retrieve recent evidence. Keywords such as Parkinson’s disease, fall prevention and rehabilitation were used. Only Systematic review and RCT were added for the higher-level evidence data extraction.
Conclusion: Eexercise-based program and Tai chi were found to have positive evidences for preventing falls in PD patients. However, various mechanism behind the fall in PD as well as worsening of the symptoms as the result of disease progression may be the reason behind the negative results of some of the intervention.
Overview of the Role of Glucagon like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Alshenqiti Asma , Almohammadi Ghaida 
Published: January 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects premenopausal women. It is a multifactorial disease that involves hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance and genetic factors. Women with PCOS present with menstrual disorder, hirsutism, and obesity. Diagnosis of PCOS involves evidence of ovulation dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, either physical or biochemical, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the ovarian morphology. There is no single treatment for PCOS but rather it is a symptom-oriented management. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are insulin sensitizers usually involved in the management of PCOS.
Aim: This article aims to review the evidence regarding the role GLP-1 RAs in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Conclusion: GLP-1 RAs found to improve PCOS outcomes in the form of increasing menstrual frequency, reducing androgens levels, higher pregnancy rates, weight reduction, and improving insulin resistance. Mild and transient adverse events were observed such as nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia and mild hypoglycemic events. However, long term studies are required to assess long term effect of GLP-1 RAs and its safety during pregnancy.
Patients Satisfaction with the Methods of Treatment used for Gallstones: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Masoud Ahmad , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Albaqal Maryam Ahmad , Alosaimi Rakan Abdullah , Althakafi Lujain Hussain , Soleiss Mustafa Saud Al. , Haider Ahmed Abdulaziz , Albalawi Arub mohammed , Rabaie Hassan Awad Al , Alali Abdullah Mahmoud , Alhejazi Faisal Qusai , Aljahdali Mohammed Abdulhamid , Eibani Wael khalid , Almalki Malak Hamed , Alhumaidi Muath Suliman 
Published: January 2022

Background: If gallstones are not causing discomfort, there is usually no need to treat them. Many people with gallstones do not experience any symptoms for a long time. In addition, any treatment can have side effects, and operations are always associated with a certain level of risk. Gallbladder stones are treated differently than stones in the bile duct. If symptoms such as cramp-like pain (colic) occur, they can be relieved with medication. Such pain can only be prevented permanently by removing the gallbladder. An operation is also an option for people without symptoms but with very large gallstones - or with a porcelain gallbladder. The wall of the gallbladder is calcified and there is an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spotlight the satisfaction levels of the Saudi Population towards the different treatment options for gallstones. The study was carried out at universities, hospitals, and malls in KSA. Data were collected from patients and the general population during a period from June to October 2021.
Results: Most of the patients were highly satisfied with the treatment clarification done by the treating doctor (n= 42, 8.8%), the treatment choice for gallstones, the complications that occurred during their treatment period (n= 34, 7.1%), their condition after the end of the treatment period (n= 41, 8.6%), and the treatment method for condition (n=35, 7.3%). On the other hand, there was a proportion of participants who were not satisfied with the treatment duration (n= 39, 8.1%) and the follow-up after the end of the treatment period (n= 46, 9.6%).
Conclusion: Participants are highly satisfied with treatment choice and treatment effectiveness. However, they were not satisfied with treatment duration and treatment complications.