bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology significantly improved mycetoma diagnosis
Authors: Siddig E.E. , El Had Bakhait O. , El nour Hussein Bahar M. , Siddig Ahmed E. , Bakhiet S.M. , Motasim Ali M. , Babekir Abdallah O. , Ahmed Hassan R. , Verbon A. , van de Sande W.W.J. , Fahal A.H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US‐FNAC) has improved the diagnosis of many malignancies, infections and other diseases as it is safe, simple, quick and accurate. In mycetoma, it is assumed that this technique may have a better diagnostic yield than the conventional FNAC as it can accurately identify the optimal site for the aspiration.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic yield of conventional FNAC with US‐FNAC.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional hospital‐based study included 80 patients with clinically suspected mycetoma.ResultsOf the 80 patients included, 35 proved to have actinomycetoma, and 37 had eumycetoma based on surgical biopsies, histopathological examination and the culture of grains. Eight patients appeared to have no mycetoma. For actinomycetoma diagnosis, the US‐guided FNAC improved sensitivity to 97% and negative predictive value (NPV) to 83% compared to the conventional FNAC, which had 63% sensitivity; and NPV of 28%. No improvement was found for specificity. For eumycetoma, the conventional FNAC had 86.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 37.5% NPV. The US‐FNAC for the diagnosis of eumycetoma had 100% sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions and relevanceThe obtained results showed that US‐FNAC is better than the conventional FNAC with lower false‐negative results. It can accurately distinguish between the two types of mycetoma, allowing rapid initiation of proper treatment. The technique can be used in rural areas with low resources and for epidemiological surveys as a quick screening tool for patients suspected of mycetoma.
Association of polymorphous light eruption with NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 gene polymorphisms
Authors: Kurz B. , Arndt S. , Unger P. , Ivanova I. , Berneburg M. , Hellerbrand C. , Karrer S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphous light eruption (PLE) is a common, immunologically mediated, photosensitive skin disease. After ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation, patients with PLE show reduced Langerhans cell (LC) depletion in the epidermis, which results in a non‐suppressive microenvironment in the skin. Interestingly, severe acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) occurred in stem cell transplanted patients that showed no or incomplete depletion of LCs after UVB irradiation. Genetic variation in nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD‐2) and toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR‐5) genes also confers susceptibility to aGvHD.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that PLE is associated with genetic variation in the NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 genes.MethodsWe investigated single‐nucleotid polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOD‐2 (R702W, G908R, 3020Cins) and TLR‐5 (A592S, P616L, N392STOP) in skin biopsies of patients with PLE (n = 143) and in healthy controls (n = 104) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsThe frequency of NOD‐2 alleles with the SNP R702W was significantly higher in PLE than in controls (31.8% vs. 6.3%; P < 0.0001), and homozygous carriers of this mutation were more common in PLE (27.9% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001). For SNP 3020Cins, the allele frequency (7.3% vs. 0.7%; P = 0.0025) and the number of heterozygotes (14.7% vs. 1.3%; P = 0.0019) were higher in PLE. The frequency of alleles with the N392STOP SNP of the TLR5 gene, which is associated with a truncated, non‐functional receptor, was significantly higher in PLE (21% vs. 5%; 7% vs. 1% homozygotes, 28% vs. 8% heterozygotes; P < 0.0001). The other SNPs did not differ significantly.ConclusionsThis study yielded a high frequency of functional SNPs in the NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 genes in PLE. The same SNPs are associated with aGvHD and there are similarities in the reaction of LCs after UVB irradiation between aGvHD and PLE. This leads to the hypothesis that patients with PLE may be more susceptible to developing GvHD after stem cell transplantation, an assumption that needs to be investigated further.
Cultivated hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) genome sheds light on the evolution of Maleae (apple tribe)
Authors: Zhang Ticao , Qiao Qin , Du Xiao , Zhang Xiao , Hou Yali , Wei Xin , Sun Chao , Zhang Rengang , Yun Quanzheng , Crabbe M. James C. , Van de Peer Yves , Dong Wenxuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCultivated hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) is an important medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use for health protection in China. Herein, we provide a de novo chromosome‐level genome sequence of the hawthorn cultivar “Qiu Jinxing.” We assembled an 823.41 Mb genome encoding 40 571 genes and further anchored the 779.24 Mb sequence into 17 pseudo‐chromosomes, which account for 94.64% of the assembled genome. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that cultivated hawthorn diverged from other species within the Maleae (apple tribe) at approximately 35.4 Mya. Notably, genes involved in the flavonoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways have been significantly amplified in the hawthorn genome. In addition, our results indicated that the Maleae share a unique ancient tetraploidization event; however, no recent independent whole‐genome duplication event was specifically detected in hawthorn. The amplification of non‐specific long terminal repeat retrotransposons contributed the most to the expansion of the hawthorn genome. Furthermore, we identified two paleo‐sub‐genomes in extant species of Maleae and found that these two sub‐genomes showed different rearrangement mechanisms. We also reconstructed the ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae and discussed two possible paleo‐polyploid origin patterns (autopolyploidization or allopolyploidization) of Maleae. Overall, our study provides an improved context for understanding the evolution of Maleae species, and this new high‐quality reference genome provides a useful resource for the horticultural improvement of hawthorn.
Temozolomide duration and secondary hematological neoplasms: A literature review and implications for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Park Robin , Amin Manik , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEvidence‐based recommendations for the optimal duration and sequencing of temozolomide‐based treatments in advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms are lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for a descriptive analysis of temozolomide‐associated myelodysplasias and leukemias to guide treatment planning. A database search of PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify case reports and/or case series reporting secondary myelodysplasias or leukemias in the setting of temozolomide therapy. Key data items extracted from the studies were the temozolomide dose and duration, latency to hematological disorder, type of secondary malignancy and cytogenetics. Reported cases were summarized graphically. A total of 16 studies with 27 patient cases of therapy‐related hematologic neoplasms were identified, all of which were case reports or case series. The median treatment duration and cumulative dose were 19 months and 18,000 mg/m2, respectively. Most patients (21/27) were diagnosed on, or after, 12 months, while only one patient was diagnosed before 6 months of treatment. Most of the patients were diagnosed, while still on treatment with temozolomide. Graphically, cases clustered around a cumulative dose of 10,000 to 30,000 mg/m2 and a latency period of 10 to 40 months which translates to an approximate treatment duration of 12.5 to 37.5 months. Taken together, most reported treatment‐related hematological neoplasms appear to develop on or beyond the 12‐month mark, while patients are still on treatment with temozolomide. For patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms, where sequencing of multiple therapies is important, we suggest an approach to optimizing treatment duration by establishing disease response at 6 months before continuing further treatment and restricting treatment to or establishing closer vigilance beyond 12 months.
Factors influencing health‐related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Yapa Harith Eranga , Purtell Louise , Chambers Shirley , Bonner Ann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test whether the revised Wilson and Cleary model could identify which factors contribute to health‐related quality of life in chronic kidney disease.BackgroundChronic kidney disease affects a person's health‐related quality of life detrimentally although nursing practice informed by theory is only beginning to emerge.DesignA cross‐sectional study reported using the STROBE guidelines.MethodsAbout 886 participants with chronic kidney disease (varying grades) completed validated measures of symptoms (renal version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale), and general health perceptions and health‐related quality of life (European Quality of Life five‐dimension three‐level). Socio‐demographic and renal characteristics were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling.ResultsBiological function (decreased kidney function and haemoglobin and greater number of comorbidities), directly contributed to increased symptom burden. Symptoms demonstrated strong negative relationships with both general health perceptions and health‐related quality of life. General health perceptions had a direct positive relationship with health‐related quality of life. As age increased, health‐related quality of life decreased. The only environmental characteristic of significance was the distance between home and hospital although it was not directly associated with health‐related quality of life. Overall, the model explained approximately half of the deterioration in health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsThe model demonstrated how various factors influence alteration of health‐related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease. Early identification of these factors could assist nurses to introduce effective management strategies into patient care plans proactively.Relevance to clinical practiceComprehensive symptom assessment needs to occur not only in kidney failure but in earlier chronic kidney disease grades to enable timely interventions targeted at improving people's wellbeing.Patient or public contributionValidated interviewer administered questionnaires were completed by participants with chronic kidney disease in this study.
Diversity and importance of culturable endophytic fungi of tobacco (Nicotinana tabacum) cultivated in southwestern China
Authors: Wang Maosheng , Sun Jialong , Wei Yali , Jia Yanlong , Zou Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the most important economic crops in China; however, black shank caused by Phytophthora parasitica is major threat to its cultivation. So far, little is known regarding potential antagonistic effects of endophytes on plant pathogens. A total of 109 culturable endophytic fungal strains were recovered from various tissues of six tobacco cultivars that are commonly cultivated in southwestern China. Morphological and molecular identification showed that these isolates belonged to 18 different genera, including Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Gibellulopsis and Penicillium as predominant genera, which were frequently observed in stem, leaf and root tissues. Among them, only 17 endophytic fungal strains exerted antagonistic effects on P. parasitica in the dual‐culture test, and the highest inhibition rate of 73% was produced by a Penicillium janthinellum strain isolated from stem tissue of a cultivar HD. Nevertheless, a field trial revealed that Shannon–Wiener indices were negatively correlated with the disease index and with the incidence of tobacco blank shank in cultivars K326, YUN85, D101 and GUI1, which was further supported by the evaluation of endophytic community similarity. Our results contribute to the understanding of functions and diversity of endophytic fungi, and culturable endophytic fungal strains may be considered potential libraries for screening novel bioactive and effective metabolites to control P. parasitica in crops which requires further research.
Why and how ontology matters: A cartography of neoliberalism(s) and neoliberalization(s)
Authors: Knio Karim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the importance of ontology and its implications, demonstrated in the examples of different approaches to neoliberalism. The lack of careful ontological considerations leads to confusing and often contradictory usages of the term ‘neoliberalism’, obfuscating its usefulness. Instead, I suggest a cartography which consists of integrating two ontological debates ‐ structure‐agency and material‐ideational ‐ through the interplay between the problematiques of structuration and semiosis, and the operational debate on ideas/interests. In so doing, this cartography can provide readers with various heuristic devices to understand the making of theories, why and how conceptualizations of neoliberalism differ between and within theories and pinpoint the thematic implications of these differences. The translation of this cartography helps to achieve two things, (1) to move beyond the static analyses of neoliberalism and endorse the dynamic understand of neoliberalization processes, (2) to understand why systemic process‐based understandings of neoliberalization can create distinctions between analytical understandings of neoliberalism in terms of either the commodification of marketization processes or the marketization of commodification processes.
Becoming cisgender
Authors: Richardson‐Self Louise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe metaphysics of sex and gender is of significant philosophical, social, and cultural interest at present. Terms liketransgenderandcisgenderhave come into wider circulation in the fight for gender justice. While many are familiar with ‘transgender’, fewer know ‘cisgender’, the term that captures AFAB‐women (assigned ‘female’ at birth‐women) and AMAB‐men. But ‘cisgender’ is controversial to some, which I find surprising. In this article, I reflect on my process of recognising myselfas cisgender. During, I highlight the ethico‐political consequences of refusing the onto‐epistemic category ‘cisgender’. I shall argue thatuptakeof ‘cisgender’ andapprenticeshipto trans texts uncovers how we maintain, and might purposefully disturb, queer/cis‐hetero, man/woman/other hierarchies of social identity power. I argue this self‐recognition is a crucial tool for challenging ‘cisgender commonsense’ and may be a means toward dislodging ciscentrism in my (western, Anglophone) milieu.
Salinity induces discontinuous protoxylem via aDELLA‐dependent mechanism promoting salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Augstein Frauke , Carlsbecker Annelie 
Published: June 2022

SummarySalinity is detrimental to plants and developmental adjustments limiting salt uptake and transport is therefore important for acclimation to high salt. These parameters may be influenced by xylem morphology, however how plant root xylem development is affected by salt stress remains unclear.Using molecular and genetic techniques and detailed phenotypic analyses, we demonstrate that salt causes distinct effects on Arabidopsis seedling root xylem and reveal underlying molecular mechanisms.Salinity causes intermittent inhibition of protoxylem cell differentiation, generating protoxylem gaps, in Arabidopsis and several other eudicot seedlings. The extent of protoxylem gaps in seedlings positively correlates with salt tolerance. Reduced gibberellin signalling is required for protoxylem gap formation. Mutant analyses reveal that the xylem differentiation regulator VASCULAR RELATED NAC DOMAIN 6 (VND6), along with secondary cell wall producing and cell wall modifying enzymes, including EXPANSIN A1 (EXP1), are involved in protoxylem gap formation, in a DELLA‐dependent manner.Salt stress is likely to reduce levels of bioactive gibberellins, stabilising DELLAs, which in turn activates multiple factors modifying protoxylem differentiation. Salt stress impacts seedling survival and formation of protoxylem gaps may be a measure to enhance salt tolerance.
Preoperative hemoglobin A1c and perioperative blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing spinal cord stimulation surgery: A literature review of surgical site infection risk
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Bendel Markus A. , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Aiyer Rohit , Caraway David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to review the surgical literature regarding the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM), and risk of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI).MethodsA librarian‐assisted literature search was performed with two goals: (1) identify surgical publications related to SSI and HbA1c values, and (2) identify publications reporting infection risk with DM in spinal cord stimulation (SCS), intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS), and cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation surgeries. Published guidelines on perioperative management of DM are reviewed.ResultsWe identified 30 studies reporting SSI and HbA1c values. The literature review indicated that for many surgical procedures, elevated HbA1c is not correlated to rate of SSI. We identified 16 studies reporting infection rates within DM cohorts following SCS, IDDS, and CIED implantation surgeries. The data reviewed did not indicate DM as an independent risk factor for SSI.ConclusionPreoperative HbA1c levels in patients with a history of DM is not a singularly sufficient tool to estimate risk of perioperative infection in SCS implantation surgery. Published guidelines on perioperative management of DM do not suggest a specific HbA1c above which surgery should be delayed; intentional perioperative glycemic control is recommended.
MxMPK4‐1 phosphorylates NADPH oxidase to trigger the MxMPK6‐2‐MxbHLH104 pathway mediated Fe deficiency responses in apple
Authors: Zhai Longmei , Sun Qiran , Gao Min , Cheng Xinxin , Liao Xiaojun , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Wang Yi , Han Zhenhai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIron (Fe) deficiency is a nutritional stress in plants that commonly occurs in alkaline and calcareous soils. Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MPKs), the terminal player of MAPK cascade, are involved in distinct physiological processes. Once plants suffer from Fe deficiency stress, the mechanism of MPK function remains unclear owing to limited study on the MPK networks including substrate proteins and downstream pathways. Here, the MAP kinase MPK4‐1 was induced in roots of Fe efficient apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis but not in Fe inefficient rootstock Malus baccata under Fe deficiency conditions. Overexpression of MxMPK4‐1 in apple calli and apple roots enhanced the responses to Fe deficiency. We found that MxMPK4‐1 interacted with NADPH oxidases (NOX)—respiratory burst oxidase homologs MxRBOHD1 and MxRBOHD2, which positively regulated responses to Fe deficiency. Moreover, MxMPK4‐1 phosphorylated the C terminus of MxRBOHD2 at Ser797 and Ser906 and positively and negatively regulated NOX activity through these phospho‐sites, respectively. When compared with apple calli that overexpressed MxRBOHD2, the coexpression of MxMPK4‐1 and MxRBOHD2 prominently enhanced the Fe deficiency responses. We also demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide derived from MxMPK4‐1‐MxRBOHD2 regulated the MxMPK6‐2‐MxbHLH104 pathway, illuminating a systematic network that involves different MPK proteins in M. xiaojinensis under Fe deficiency stress.
Letting go of blame
Authors: Brunning Luke , Milam Per‐Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost philosophers acknowledge ways of overcoming blame, even blame directed at a culpable offender, that are not forgiving. Sometimes continuing to blame a friend for their offensive comment just isn't worth it, so we let go instead. However, despite being a common and widely recognised experience, no one has offered a positive account of letting go. Instead, it tends to be characterised negatively and superficially, usually in order to delineate the boundaries of forgiveness. This paper gives a more complete and systematic account of this important practice. We argue that the basic distinction between forgiving and letting go of blame follows from distinctions that many philosophers already accept. We then develop a positive account in terms of the reasons one has to let go rather than forgive and show that letting go is as valuable a part of our shared moral lives as forgiveness.
Data‐driven platelet inventory management under uncertainty in the remaining shelf life of units
Authors: Abouee‐Mehrizi Hossein , Mirjalili Mahdi , Sarhangian Vahid 
Published: June 2022

Platelets are perishable (5–7 day shelf life) blood products required for a variety of clinical treatments. In North America, hospitals typically procure platelet units from a central supplier. As such, the remaining shelf life of the delivered units could be subject to high uncertainty. Our work focuses on developing new models that leverage the increasingly available data from hospital information systems to prescribe ordering decisions in the presence of this uncertainty. Specifically, we consider a periodic review, perishable inventory system with zero lead time and uncertainty in demand and remaining shelf life of orders, operating under an oldest‐unit, first‐out allocation policy. We consider a family of base stock policies and adopt an empirical risk minimization approach to estimate the required inventory at the beginning of each period. The required inventory level for each period is assumed to be a linear function of a set of observed features in that period and the coefficients of the linear model are obtained by minimizing an approximate measure of the in‐sample empirical cost, comprised of a weighted sum of shortage and expiry costs. Our fixed initial age model assumes a constant remaining shelf life for all units. Our robust model assumes that an adversary selects the remaining shelf life of units subject to an uncertainty budget determined through an endogenous uncertainty set. We investigate the out‐of‐sample performance of the proposed models in a case study using data from two Canadian hospitals and in comparison to the hospitals' historical performances as well as other benchmarks. Both models achieve significant improvements over the historical decisions. For instance, the fixed initial age model achieves a 53% and 93% reduction in the expiry rate and an 82% and 99% reduction in the shortage rate for the two hospitals, respectively. Further, it either outperforms or performs as well as the other benchmarks. The robust model achieves better out‐of‐sample generalizability and demonstrates a more “robust” performance under counterfactual remaining age distributions.