bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in phytoplankton and biomineral content of particles during episodic fluxes to abyssal depth
Authors: Michaud Cynthia A. , Huffard Christine L. , Smith Kenneth L. , Durkin Colleen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge episodic pulses of particulate organic carbon (POC) at the deep‐sea (~ 4000 m) time‐series Sta. M in the Northeast Pacific Ocean have increased in frequency and magnitude over the past 32 years. We inferred the ecological drivers of these events by quantifying the phytoplankton and biomineral composition within particles collected by bottom‐moored sediment traps immediately before, during, and after 14 high‐flux events. Samples collected during high‐flux events contained a significantly different phytoplankton community from other sampling periods. These particles contained relatively fewer intact phytoplankton cells and a sustained contribution from fragmented diatom frustules from species typical in coastal blooms. Biomineral fluxes did not appear to be driving high‐flux events. We suggest that most of the observed high‐flux events were generated by offshore transport of coastal diatom blooms, but that these particles were also highly transformed by deep‐sea pelagic food webs before reaching bathypelagic depths.
Gap‐2 morass‐definable η1‐orderings
Authors: Dumas Bob A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove that in the Cohen extension adding ℵ3 generic reals to a model of containing a simplified (ω1, 2)‐morass, gap‐2 morass‐definable η1‐orderings with cardinality ℵ3 are order‐isomorphic. Hence it is consistent that and that morass‐definable η1‐orderings with cardinality of the continuum are order‐isomorphic. We prove that there are ultrapowers of over ω that are gap‐2 morass‐definable. The constructions use a simplified gap‐2 morass, and commutativity with morass‐maps and morass‐embeddings, to extend a transfinite back‐and‐forth construction of order‐type ω1 to an order‐preserving bijection between objects of cardinality ℵ3.
How does Micro‐ and Macro‐Phase Separation of Block Copolymers Affect the Formation of Integral Asymmetric Isoporous Membranes? A Review on Effective Factors
Authors: Foroutani Kamran , Ghasemi Seyed Morteza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelf‐standing isoporous membranes based on amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) are an outstanding candidate for efficient separation processes. Such fascinating membranes have been generated through combining the BCP self‐assembly (micro‐phase separation) together with the classical non‐solvent induced phase separation (macro‐phase separation), known as SNIPS process. However, the controllability, reproducibility, and cost‐effectiveness of the process along with the mechanism for pores generation are still challenging in the SNIPS strategy, especially when new BCP or conditions are utilized. It is mainly due to the narrow efficacy window of numerous variables influencing the desired structure formation. In this review, first, an overview of the one‐step readily scalable SNIPS technique and the stepwise explanation of the process are given. Then the formation mechanism of SNIPS membranes, according to the related hypotheses and assumptions proposed on the basis of experimental evidence so far, is presented and discussed. As the main focus , governing factors in the SNIPS process which affect the preparation and structural characteristics of final membrane structures are entirely reviewed and interpreted. This review will help to have a better understanding of the connection between determinant factors and final membrane structure, which facilitates successful preparation of BCP membranes via SNIPS.
Discrete Laplacian in a half‐space with a periodic surface potential I: Resolvent expansions, scattering matrix, and wave operators
Authors: Nguyen H. S. , Richard S. , Tiedra de Aldecoa R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a detailed study of the scattering system given by the Neumann Laplacian on the discrete half‐space perturbed by a periodic potential at the boundary. We derive asymptotic resolvent expansions at thresholds and eigenvalues, we prove the continuity of the scattering matrix, and we establish new formulas for the wave operators. Along the way, our analysis puts into evidence a surprising relation between some properties of the potential, like the parity of its period, and the behaviour of the integral kernel of the wave operators.
Incorporation of Sequence Aza‐Substitution and Thiophene Bridge in Linear Conjugated Polymers Toward Highly Efficient Photo‐Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Ruikun , Hu Pengwei , Xian Yuxi , Hu Xianhai , Zhang Guobing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution performance of organic photo‐catalysts is lagged by numerous factors, such as the narrow photon absorption window, low charge transport, and so on. In this paper, four linear conjugated polymers are designed and synthesized based on dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide as an acceptor, and aza‐substituted thiophene‐phenyl‐thiophene with different substitution numbers as co‐units. The polymers with the thiophene bridge and aza‐substitution exhibit broad visible absorption because of the extended conjugated length and improved planar structures resulting from the intramolecular non‐covalent interactions (S···N or CH···N). The mono‐substitution polymer without the addition of any co‐catalysts shows the highest photo‐catalytic performances with the hydrogen evolution rates of 8950 and 7388 µmol g−1 h−1 under the UV−vis (>295 nm) and visible (>420 nm) irradiation, respectively. The corresponding apparent quantum yields are as high as 8.34, 5.37, and 1.96% for the 420, 500, and 550 nm monochromatic light irradiation, respectively, which are much higher than those of the classic polymer (P7) without thiophene bridge and aza‐substitution. This work indicats that the incorporation of thiophene bridge enhances visible absorption and aza‐substitution optimized co‐planarity and activate reactive sites, which should be an effective strategy to improve the photo‐catalytic performance of linear conjugated polymers.
Metal‐Ligand Interactions and Oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) Derivatives Based Supramolecular Polymer Possessing Variable Fluorescence Colors
Authors: Lou Kai , Li Qingyun , Zhang Ruiyan , Sun Haibo , Ji Xiaofan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluorescent supramolecular polymers combine the benefits of supramolecular polymers in terms of dynamic nature with the optoelectronic features of incorporated fluorophores. However, the majority of fluorescent supramolecular polymers can only exhibit a single fluorescent state, restricting their applications. Incorporating J‐type dyes into supramolecular monomers is expected to impart supramolecular polymers with variable fluorescence colors, because the aggregation mode of J‐type dyes is closely related to the formation of supramolecular polymers. Herein, the authors report a supramolecular polymer [M1·Zn(OTf)2]n, in which the monomer M1 contains a J‐type dye, oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative, and two terpyridine ends. The M1 + Zn(OTf)2 solutions exhibit fluorescence color changes varying from cyan to yellow‐green in the monomer concentration ranging from 0.04 to 1.00 mm. Moreover, based on the outputs from laser scanning confocal microscopy, the fluorescence color transition during the formation of supramolecular polymers is intuitively proven. Additionally, considering the close relationship between the supramolecular polymer structure and the fluorescence color, the fluorescence color can be regulated by introducing tetraethylammonium hydroxide that can bind with Zn2+ competitively to break up the structure of the supramolecular polymer.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Distribution, Size, and Relative Abundance within a Salish Sea Nearshore Forage Fish Community
Authors: Frick Kinsey E. , Kagley Anna N. , Fresh Kurt L. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Ward Larry S. , Stapleton Justin T. , Shelton Andrew O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forage fish are schooling species commonly occurring in both offshore pelagic and nearshore coastal habitats. Beyond use by some species for spawning, the dynamics of nearshore habitat use are not well understood. The objective of our study was to evaluate the spring–summer dynamics of forage fish occurrence in nearshore habitats of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. We suspected that habitat changes resulting from removal of two large dams on the Elwha River (2009–2011) may have altered fish presence and abundance. Monthly beach seine sampling in four regions along 40 km of shoreline was conducted from April to September between 2006 and 2019. We caught nearly 600,000 fish, comprising 82 different species. Nine species of forage fish accounted for 81.7% of all fishes caught; most were classified as postlarvae and juveniles based on size. There were spatial differences in the forage fish assemblage between two of our sites but no discernable year effects and no obvious impact of dam removal on forage community composition. Three species represented 78.8% of the catch: Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus, and Surf Smelt Hypomesus pretiosus. We used a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model to evaluate spatial and temporal variability in the probability of occurrence of these species. Each species exhibited a unique pattern of intra-annual, interannual, and regional fluctuations. Pacific Herring occurrence progressively increased monthly, Pacific Sand Lance occurrence decreased, and Surf Smelt probability of occurrence peaked in June. Temporal variations in distribution and abundance of these species are likely driven by life history differences and biological requirements. We speculate that specific characteristics of each region, including proximity to spawning areas, spawn timing, extant current patterns, and ecosystem processes, drove variations in distribution between species.
Vitexin and Isovitexin Act through Inhibition of Insulin Receptor to Promote Longevity and Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tao Mingfang , Li Rong , Zhang Zhuo , Wu Ting , Xu Tingting , Zogona Daniel , Huang Yuting , Pan Siyi , Xu Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2022

ScopeVitexin and isovitexin are natural plant nutraceuticals for human health and longevity. This research investigates the underlying mechanisms of vitexin and isovitexin on aging and health. The vital role of DAF‐2/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGFR) is illustrated in the insulin/insulin‐like growth signaling pathway (IIS) modulated by vitexin and isovitexin.Methods and resultsIn vitro, in vivo models and molecular docking methods are performed to explore the antiaging mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin. Vitexin and isovitexin (50 and 100 µM) extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. The declines of pharyngeal pumping and body bending rates, and the increase of intestinal lipofuscin accumulation, three markers of aging, are postponed by these compounds. They inhibit IIS pathway in a daf‐16‐dependent manner, subsequently increasing the expressions of DAF‐16 downstream protein and gene in nematodes. Molecular docking studies demonstrate that these compounds mightinhibit insulin signal by binding to the crucial amino acid residue ARG1003 in the pocket of IGFR. Western blot indicates that IGFR, PI3K, and AKT kinase expressions in senescent cells are decreased after vitexin and isovitexin treatment.ConclusionVitexin and isovitexin may inhibit IIS pathway by occupying adenosine‐triphosphate binding site pocket of IGFR, subsequently decreasing IGFR expression, thereby promoting longevity and fitness.
A simple and modular MIMO antenna system for closely spaced patch antennas
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Nawaz , Aziz Abdul , Malik Waqar A. , Chishti Abdul Rehman , Hussain Rifaqat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple, low cost and modular decoupling technique is proposed to achieve high isolation between very close antenna elements of a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) system without any complex decoupling structure, vias, or defected ground structure (DGS). A rectangular thin parasitic strip is used to decouple square patch elements, which are separated by an extremely close distance of at  GHz. The proposed technique has achieved more than  dB isolation between MIMO antenna elements with a minimum return loss of  dB. A straightforward three‐step method is also proposed to shift the resonance frequency to some other frequency with similar isolation and impedance matching. All the important characteristics and performance parameters of the proposed design technique are analyzed, simulated, and verified through the measurement of the fabricated prototype.
Horse‐riding as a habitual activity among the early medieval Avar population of the cemetery of Csokorgasse (Vienna): Sex and chronological differences
Authors: Bühler Birgit , Kirchengast Sylvia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about sex and gender differences in the daily life activities of early medieval Avar populations. Of particular interest is habitual horse‐riding, which is assumed to be typical for these populations. Importantly, fundamental changes in the “Avar lifestyle” occurred over time and this may have led to less horse‐riding. This study identifies possible sex and chronological differences in the prevalence of metric and nonmetric traits indicating habitual horse‐riding within the adult population of the Avar cemetery Wien11‐Csokorgasse in Austria. A total of 149 skeletons from this cemetery (ca. 625–800 AD) were analyzed. Poirier's facets, plaque, and cribriform changes of the femur‐neck junction were documented, and the index of ovalization (IOA) of the acetabulum was calculated. Males surpassed females significantly in the prevalence of Poirier's facets of the right (p = 0.011) and the left femur (p = 0.048) and showed significantly higher IOAs of the right (p = 0.019) and the left (p = 0.037) acetabulum. Among males, no chronological differences in the appearance of nonmetric traits and the IOA were detected. In contrast, females showed a significantly higher IOA during the earliest phases of this burial ground (Early Avar period 2/Middle Avar period 1; 625–675 AD), indicating a chronological decline of habitual horse‐riding. Horse‐riding was a typical male activity. Our results, however, suggest that a particular segment of women practiced horse‐riding habitually. From the early to the middle phase of the studied Avar cemetery, its prevalence declined in females, pointing to changes in female daily life activities.
Recurrent WWTR1S89W mutations and Hippo pathway deregulation in clear cell carcinomas of the cervix
Authors: Kim Sarah H , Basili Thais , Dopeso Higinio , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Bi Rui , Issa Bhaloo Shirin , Pareja Fresia , Li Qing , da Silva Edaise M , Zhu Yingjie , Hoang Timothy , Selenica Pier , Murali Rajmohan , Chan Eric , Wu Michelle , Derakhshan Fatemeh , Maroldi Ana , Hanlon Etta , Ferreira Carlos Gil , Lapa e Silva Jose Roberto , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R , Zamarin Dmitriy , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Matrai Cathleen , Yoon Ju‐Yoon , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Park Kay J , Weigelt Britta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the cervix (cCCC) is a rare and aggressive type of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative cervical cancer with limited effective treatment options for recurrent or metastatic disease. Historically, CCCs of the lower genital tract were associated with in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure; however, the genetic landscape of sporadic cCCCs remains unknown. Here we sought to define the molecular underpinning of cCCCs. Using a combination of whole‐exome, targeted capture, and RNA‐sequencing, we identified pathogenic genetic alterations in the Hippo signaling pathway in 50% (10/20) of cCCCs, including recurrent WWTR1 S89W somatic mutations in 40% (4/10) of the cases harboring mutations in the Hippo pathway. Irrespective of the presence or absence of Hippo pathway genetic alterations, however, all primary cCCCs analyzed in this study (n = 20) harbored features of Hippo pathway deregulation at the transcriptomic and protein levels. In vitro functional analysis revealed that expression of the WWTR1 S89W mutation leads to reduced binding of TAZ to 14‐3‐3, promoting constitutive nuclear translocation of TAZ and Hippo pathway repression. WWTR1 S89W expression was found to lead to acquisition of oncogenic behavior, including increased proliferation, migration, and colony formation in vitro as well as increased tumorigenesis in vivo, which could be reversed by targeted inhibition of the TAZ/YAP1 complex with verteporfin. Finally, xenografts expressing WWTR1 S89W displayed a shift in tumor phenotype, becoming more infiltrative as well as less differentiated, and were found to be composed of cells with conspicuous cytoplasmic clearing as compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that Hippo pathway alterations are likely drivers of cCCCs and likely contribute to the clear cell phenotype. Therapies targeting this pathway may constitute a new class of treatment for these rare, aggressive tumors. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Characterization of sustainable natural fiber reinforced geopolymer composites
Authors: Ranjithkumar M. G. , Chandrasekaran P. , Rajeshkumar G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the investigation of properties of Phoenix sp. fiber based geopolymer composites. Control samples (0 wt.%) and fiber reinforced samples (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) with different quantities were produced and determined their physical, mechanical, morphological, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, thermal conductivity and fracture toughness properties. The outcomes show that the incorporation of Phoenix sp. fibers to geopolymer improved the splitting tensile (1.28–2.35 MPa), compressive (27.85–32.18 MPa) and flexural strengths (3.34–6.53 MPa). By contrast, as the fiber loading increased to 4 wt.%, the workability and bulk density of geopolymer decreased to 86% and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, a linear relationship was evidenced between the bulk density and thermal conductivity, as well as ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength. Due to the hydrophilic character of Phoenix sp. fibers, the water absorption increased as the fiber content increases. Due to the local mechanisms that control the bridging activity, the addition of Phoenix sp. fibers improved the fracture toughness of the composites.
Women's relative earnings and depressive symptoms in dual‐earner households in South Korea: Traditional gender role attitudes as moderators
Authors: Seol Kyoung Ok , Kim Jiyoung , Baek Sangeun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the association between relative earnings and depressive symptoms among 578 married women from dual‐earning households. We also examined the moderating role of both spouses' traditional gender role attitudes. Women's relative earnings in their households did not directly predict their depressive symptoms. However, there was a significant three‐way interaction effect of women's relative earnings and both spouses' traditional gender role attitudes on women's depressive symptoms. Particularly, women with considerably stronger‐than‐average traditional gender role attitudes reported more depressive symptoms when their relative earnings were greater and when their husbands showed strong traditional gender role attitudes. However, women holding even slightly weaker‐than‐average traditional gender role attitudes reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms as their relative earnings increased, even when their husbands showed strong traditional gender role attitudes. These results indicate that traditional wives with high relative earnings may feel threatened by the discrepancy between their values (traditional gender role attitudes) and behaviors (high relative earnings), especially when their husbands hold strong traditional gender role attitudes.
A systematic evaluation of electrical resistivity tomography for permafrost interface detection using forward modeling
Authors: Herring Teddi , Lewkowicz Antoni G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accuracy of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a method for locating frozen‐to‐unfrozen interfaces in permafrost environments was investigated systematically for simplified scenarios using forward modeling. The impacts of varying the resistivity, thickness, and lateral continuity of the frozen region, altering the thickness of the surface thaw layer, and of differing array types were evaluated in relation to the detection and positioning of frozen–unfrozen interfaces. The results from these simple scenarios show that boundaries between frozen and unfrozen ground are more accurately indicated by maximum gradients rather than a fixed threshold value based on the resistivity at the base of the surface thawed layer. The resistivity of the frozen region plays a significant role in interpreted boundary locations, with high resistivity values causing a decrease in model sensitivity at depth and increased uncertainty in the interpreted base of the frozen zone, particularly in laterally continuous permafrost. Error in the interpreted base of the frozen zone also increases for thicker permafrost bodies, while thaw layer thickness plays a less significant role. In laterally discontinuous permafrost, wider frozen bodies cause the boundary at the base of the frozen region to become less distinct. Array type affected the appearance of the inverted resistivity models and the frozen–unfrozen boundaries located using the threshold method, but boundary locations were comparable among array types when the maximum gradient method was used. This synthetic modeling showed that the boundaries between unfrozen and frozen regions in ERT images should be interpreted with caution, particularly in ice‐rich, laterally continuous permafrost where sensitivity at depth is low. We conclude that forward modeling is a useful tool for permafrost investigations, both for assessing the likelihood of achieving ERT survey goals prior to fieldwork, and as an interpretive aid after field data have been acquired.
Quantitative system pharmacology as a legitimate approach to examine extrapolation strategies used to support pediatric drug development
Authors: Azer Karim , Barrett Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtrapolation strategies from adult data for designing pediatric drug development programs are explored using the quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling approach, a mechanistic drug and disease modeling framework that can predict clinical response and guide pediatric drug development in general. This innovative model‐informed drug discovery and development approach can leverage adult‐pediatric pharmacology and disease similarity metrics to validate extrapolation assumptions. We describe the QSP model strategy and framework for extrapolation to design pediatric drug development programs by leveraging adult data across a wide range of therapeutic areas and illustrating stage‐gate decisions informed by such an approach.