bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatographic platforms comparison for exhaled breath metabolites analysis
Authors: Zanella Delphine , Henin Adèle , Mascrez Steven , Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues , Franchina Flavio Antonio , Focant Jean‐François , Purcaro Giorgia 
Published: July 2022

The high potential of exhaled breath for disease diagnosis has been highlighted in numerous studies. However, exhaled breath analysis is suffering from a lack of standardized sampling and analysis procedures, impacting the robustness of inter‐laboratory results, and thus hampering proper external validation. The aim of this work was to verify compliance and validate the performance of two different comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry platforms in different laboratories by monitoring probe metabolites in exhaled breath following the Peppermint Initiative guidelines. An initial assessment of the exhaled breath sampling conditions was performed, selecting the most suitable sampling bag material and volume. Then, a single sampling was performed using Tedlar bags, followed by the trapping of the volatile organic compounds into thermal desorption tubes for the subsequent analysis using two different analytical platforms. The thermal desorption tubes were first analyzed by a (cryogenically modulated) comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography system coupled to high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The desorption was performed in split mode and the split part was recollected in the same tube and further analyzed by a different (flow modulated) comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography system with a parallel detection, specifically using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and a vacuum ultraviolet detector. Both the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography platforms enabled the longitudinal tracking of the peppermint oil metabolites in exhaled breath. The increased sensitivity of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography enabled to successfully monitor over a 6.5 h period a total of 10 target compounds, namely α‐pinene, camphene, β‐pinene, limonene, cymene, eucalyptol, menthofuran, menthone, isomenthone, and neomenthol.
Early‐Stage Glottic Carcinoma in the United States: Demographics and Treatment Choice
Authors: Friedman Aaron D. , Gengler Isabelle , Altaye Mekibib , Tabangin Meredith E. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveLimited investigation of factors potentially contributing to treatment choice in early‐stage glottic carcinoma (EGC) has been performed with large‐scale data. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) represents >72% of all new cancer cases in the United States. We hypothesized that NCDB variables may lend insight into treatment decisions between surgery and radiation for EGC.MethodsThe NCDB was queried for all cases of T1‐2 N0 M0 glottic carcinoma from 2004 to 2016. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with first‐line treatment modality: radiation therapy (RT) versus surgery. All reported odds ratios (OR) were adjusted for age, gender, race, insurance, residence in a metropolitan area, region, and facility volume.Results34,991 EGC patients received treatment: 6,687 (19%) surgery; 20,289 (58%) RT; and 8,015 (23%) surgery and RT. OR for receiving RT (vs. surgery alone) were >2 for: more advanced T stage cancers (OR 2.5 [95%CI: 2.3, 2.7]), treatment at non‐academic facilities (OR 2.8, [95%CI: 2.6, 3.0]), and shorter travel distances to treatment centers (OR 2.2, [95%CI: 2.0, 2.4]). Surgery was more likely with treatment in the western US, higher income, private insurance, living in a metropolitan (vs. non‐metropolitan) area, female gender, older age, and low facility volume. Hispanic ethnicity, education level, and race were not associated with treatment type in the multivariable model.ConclusionMost patients in the NCDB receive first‐line treatment with radiation for EGC, and this decision is associated with various tumor, patient, and treatment facility characteristics.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:901–907, 2023
Integrative assessment of amino acid nitrogen isotopic composition in biological tissue samples determined by GC/C/IRMS, LC × EA/IRMS, and LC × GC/C/IRMS
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Ogawa Nanako O. , Sun Yuchen , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Takano Yoshinori , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompound‐specific isotope analysis of nitrogen (δ15N) in amino acids (CSIA‐AA) has significantly contributed to environmental sciences such as anthropology, biogeochemistry, and ecology. Several methods exist for determining δ15N of amino acids (AAs). Although these methods have their own strength and weakness, they have not been intercalibrated yet, especially for biological samples with matrices. To address this issue, we systematically compared AA δ15N values among three methods using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), preparative liquid chromatography (LC) separation followed by elemental analyzer/IRMS (LC × EA/IRMS), and LC separation followed by GC/C/IRMS (LC × GC/C/IRMS). The δ15N values of glutamic acid (δ15NGlu) and phenylalanine (δ15NPhe) in fish muscle, two crucial AAs for estimating the trophic positions (TPs) of organisms, were compared among methods. Although a significant difference in fish muscle δ15NGlu values was found among the three analytical methods, their δ15NGlu and δ15NPhe values were fairly consistent between all pairs of methods (n = 8, R2 = 0.9968 for GC/C/IRMS vs. LC × GC/C/IRMS; 0.9936 for LC × EA/IRMS vs. LC × GC/C/IRMS; and 0.9912 for GC/C/IRMS vs. LC × EA/IRMS), which resulted in similar TP estimates among the methods. Thus, the results provide empirical validation that the CSIA‐AA is comparable among different methods in interdisciplinary research fields. We also highlighted some critical features of each of the three analytical methods that can be used as a guideline for future CSIA‐AA research.
Derivation of a Qualitative Model for the Spatial Characteristic Wavelength of Extrusion Flow Instabilities: Investigation of a Polybutadiene Rubber through Capillary, Slit and Complex Geometry Extrusion Dies
Authors: Georgantopoulos Christos K. , Esfahani Masood K. , Pollard Michael A. , Naue Ingo F. C. , Causa Andrea , Kádár Roland , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe extrusion flow instabilities of commercial polybutadiene (PBD) are investigated as a function of the different extrusion die geometries, such as round capillary, slit, and complex cross‐section profile slit dies via capillary rheology. Qualitative models are used to fit the experimental data for the spatial characteristic wavelength (λ) of the appearing extrusion flow instabilities. A new qualitative model for the slit die geometry, rectangular cross‐section, is derived based on the theoretical concept of the “two layers” extrudate and the force balance at the die exit region. The proposed qualitative model for the slit die geometry is used to predict the spatial characteristic wavelength (λ) for extrudates obtained by complex cross‐section profile slit die geometries similar to industrial manufacturing. Correlation between the ratio of the extensional (Ys) and shear (σx) stress at the die exit area and the characteristic dimension, height H for slit dies and diameter D for round capillary dies, is presented. Moreover, a geometry‐dependent model is used to predict the spatial characteristic wavelength (λ) of the extrusion flow instabilities from a round capillary die to a slit die and vice versa.
A new way to investigate the damping properties of NR/CIIR blends characterized by the rebound behaviors
Authors: Shi Xinghui , Yuan Xiaojing , Guo Xiaohui , Zeng Fanqi , Liu Guangyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, effects of natural rubber (NR) content on the vulcanization and damping properties of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) were studied. A new method to characterize the damping performance of the NR/CIIR blends by the rebound behavior of rubber ball was proposed. And an optical laser‐based measurement was used to follow the movement of the rubber sample. The DMA results showed that better damping properties of the blends was obtained at higher proportion of CIIR in the blends at room temperature (20°C) and a frequency of 0.1–100 Hz. Furthermore, a propose was made that the damping properties of the blends can be characterized by the rebound behavior of the rubber ball, and two methods were developed to characterize the damping properties of the blends according to the rebound experimental results of the rubber ball. The functional relationship between the height of the nth bounce of the rubber ball and NR content was obtained by experimental fitting. The damping index (DI) was defined by combining the parameters such as bounce height, bounce times and bounce time of the rubber ball. It was expected that this study could provide a new idea for the characterization and testing of viscoelastic damping materials.
Machinability investigation in electric discharge machining of carbon fiber reinforced composites for aerospace applications
Authors: Hassan Abual , He Yan Li , Rehman Mudassar , Ishfaq Kashif , Zahoor Sadaf , Hussain Mirza Zahid , Siddique Farah , Wang De Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe industry is looking forward to technological advancements for productivity improvement, and this can be achieved by improving the machining performance concerned with the machinability challenges. The machinability investigation of carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber (CNTs/CF) reinforced composites is emerging with a strong application potential in the aviation industry because of their high strength and lightweight nature. However, the conventional machining practices pose a major challenge of excessive tool wear and dimensional accuracy which lead to a high production cost. Electric discharge machining is considered one of the possible solutions to treat with hard to machine materials like CNT/CF. Therefore, this work involves the machinability investigation to study the effect of pulse on duration, pulse peak current, duty factor, and gap voltage to investigate the material removal mechanism for achieving machining stability along with improved dimensional accuracy. Experiments were designed using Taguchi design followed by the analysis of variance, parametric effects, along with signal to noise ratio‐based multi‐response optimization. Findings have inferred that peak current and gap voltage were found to be significant for radial over‐cut, contributing 47.27% and 40.25%, respectively. The gap voltage was also shown to be notable for electrode wear rate and material removal rate, with contribution percentages of 43.59% and 20.11%, respectively. As a result, Vg was identified as the most influential variable in this study. This machinability study imparts a significant potential to improve the dimensional accuracy and productivity for aerospace applications.
Energy absorption performance of Kevlar/snake grass fiber composites under ballistic impact test with nano Al2O3 inclusion
Authors: Kumaresan Gladys Ashok , Muthuvelu Vetrivel Sezhian , Kumar Karthik , Ganesh Kousiharaaj 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPresent research work aims to know the significance of nanofiller aluminum oxide (Al2O3) loading on viscoelastic behavior and ballistic impact behavior of Kevlar/snake grass fiber (SGF) hybrid epoxy composites. A mechanical stirring process was used to modify the epoxy matrix by adding different weights (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of the nanofiller Al2O3. The manual lay‐up method by subsequent hot pressing was used to create the Al2O3‐added Kevlar/SGF hybrid epoxy composites. The tensile, interlaminar shear, flexural, and impact strength were tested. When compared to the control sample, the 2 wt% filler‐loaded hybrid composites had higher tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and interlaminar shear strength by 6.42%, 6.11%, 53.11%, and 11.08%, respectively. Furthermore, morphological analysis was performed on the mechanically tested samples to forecast the failure mechanism. The 2 wt% filler‐loaded hybrid epoxy composites demonstrated effective interfacial bonding with matrix and minimal fiber pullout, according to micrograph images. The developed hybrid composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The DMA results demonstrated that hybrid composites with 8 wt% filler had better viscoelastic behavior than the control sample. Under a ballistic impact test, the ability of the Kevlar/SGF composites with nano Al2O3 inclusion to absorb energy was assessed. According to the findings, incorporating nano Al2O3 into Kevlar/SGF composites strengthened their ballistic impact resistance and energy absorption. The addition of 8 wt% nanofiller resulted in high energy absorption, according to ballistic impact studies. As compared to the control sample, the composite sample with 8% filler reveals a 68.80% enhanced energy absorption. Furthermore, the composite samples with the optimal wt% Al2O3 nanofiller can be used to mold impact‐resistant materials for a bulletproof vest.
Designing phase I oncology dose escalation using dose–exposure–toxicity models as a complementary approach to model‐based dose–toxicity models
Authors: Pantoja Kristyn , Lanke Shankar , Munafo Alain , Victor Anja , Habermehl Christina , Schueler Armin , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Girard Pascal , Goteti Kosalaram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the objectives of oncology phase I dose‐escalation studies has been to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Although MTD is no longer set as the dose for further development in contemporary oncology drug development, MTD determination is still important for informing the therapeutic index. Bayesian adaptive model‐based designs are becoming mainstream in oncology first‐in‐human trials. Herein, we illustrate via simulations the use of systemic exposure in Bayesian adaptive dose–toxicity models to estimate MTD. We extend traditional dose–toxicity models to incorporate pharmacokinetic exposure, which provides information on exposure–toxicity relationships. We pursue dose escalation until the maximum tolerated exposure (corresponding to the MTD) is reached. By leveraging pharmacokinetics, dose escalation considers exposure and interindividual variability on a continuous rather than discrete domain, offering additional information for dose‐escalation decisions. To demonstrate this, we generated 1000 simulations (starting dose of 1/25th the reference dose and six dose levels) for several different scenarios. Both rule‐based and model‐based designs were compared using metrics of potential safety, accuracy, and reliability. The mean results over simulations and different toxicity scenarios showed that model‐based designs were better than rule‐based methods and that exposure–toxicity model‐based methods have the potential to valuably complement dose–toxicity model‐based methods. Exposure–toxicity model‐based methods had decreased underdose risk accompanied by a relatively smaller increase in overdose risk, resulting in improved net reliability. MTD estimation accuracy was compromised when exposure variability was large, emphasizing the importance of appropriate control of pharmacokinetic variability in phase I dose‐escalation studies.
Distributed output‐feedback sampled‐data control of nonlinear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Hui , Li Wuquan , Wang Meiqiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the distributed output‐feedback tracking control problem by linear sampled‐data control for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unmeasurable states in this paper. Noting that sampled‐data control can effectively reduce implementation cost and time, we develop a novel linear sampled‐data high‐gain homogeneous domination control strategy by integrating backstepping method and high‐gain homogeneous domination method into sampled‐data control. A series of linear sampled‐data output‐feedback controllers and reduced‐order observers are designed to ensure that the output tracking errors can be tuned arbitrarily small while all states of the closed‐loop system are globally bounded. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the sampled‐data strategy.
Ranking the art design and applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning
Authors: Xu Yandong , Nazir Shah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArt design is a method of conveying human feelings and emotions, particularly via the use of visual structures such as paintings or sketches. Every element of our life, including arts and crafts, has been positively affected by the introduction of novel technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). In today's modern environment, these technologies have altered the techniques of art creation, consumption, and distribution. In today's environment, ML and human emotions are the two most important aspects for interactive and high‐quality art design. Whereas traditional learning systems can be extremely effective in the teaching and learning process of art‐related subjects, AI and ML can be very effective in the teaching and learning process of art‐related subjects for the advancement of learners' artistic skills. The productive and active role of AI and ML in the developments and advancements of art design has been given a very comprehensive and detailed overview in this study. Following a detailed examination of the existing techniques, distinct characteristics have been identified. Six of the most widely utilized features were chosen from the literature to execute the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). For ranking the options based on the weights derived by AHP, the TOPSIS algorithm is used. The option with the best performance came in first, whereas the one with the worst performance came in last.
When Immigrant Mothers of Color Become Public School Teachers for English Language Learners: Intersectionality for Transformative Teacher Preparation
Authors: Lee‐Johnson Yin Lam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article contests the whitewashed ideologies and practices in teacher preparation programs and K–12 schools (Lee‐Johnson, 2019) with a counter‐storytelling analysis (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001, 2002). Based on the analysis of the lived experiences of two immigrant mothers of color (IMC), who had transitioned into certified English Language Learner (ELL) teachers, the researcher proposes a transformative frame, which stems from Crenshaw's (1989) intersectionality and Mezirow's (1990) transformative learning. The data sources include the two immigrant mothers' oral stories told at an ELL parent panel, their written teaching philosophy statements, and blog posts. The findings contribute to the knowledge base of teacher preparation in TESOL and applied linguistics by foregrounding the racially othered experiences of IMC; envisioning intersectionality as an agentive tool for negotiation, emancipation, and advocacy; and proposing a transformative frame for TESOL teacher education. The researcher calls for considerations of using intersectionality for transforming the teaching practices and ideologies in teacher preparation programs and K–12 schools.
Supporting Students' Construction of Themes When Reading
Authors: Morgan Denise N. , DeFrancesco Justine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHelping students learn how to interpret themes in text can be, without a doubt, challenging. Students benefit from knowing different aspects/textual elements within stories to look for when constructing themes. In this teaching and learning guide, we share seven concrete ways to help students anchor their theme thinking. These seven elements can help students gather evidence when considering themes.
Assessment of the duration of maternal‐derived antibodies specific to the Mycoplasma agalactiae vaccine in goat kids
Authors: Abdollahi Mostafa , Lotfollahzadeh Samad , Salehi Taghi Zahraei , Moosakhani Farhad , Raoofi Afshin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundContagious agalactia (CA) is one of the most important diseases in the small ruminant industry in Iran. The historical aetiology of this disease is Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma). The main way to control this disease, in addition to management measures, is vaccination. In ruminant newborns, determining the age of first vaccination against Ma is a challenge due to the interference between colostrum‐derived maternal immunity and vaccination‐induced immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency of maternal‐derived antibodies specific to the Ma in goat kids blood serum born from the vaccinated does.ObjectivesDtermination of level of antibody against Ma in goat kids born from vaccinated dams against Ma. Assessment of duration of protective level of maternal derived antibody in goat kids serum, after receiving colostrum from vaccinted mother with Ma vaccine. Determination the best time vaccination against Ma in goat kids receiving colostrum from vaccinated dams.Methods20 Saanen goat kids were studied in two groups of 10 animals including control (receiving colostrum from unvaccinated does) and treatment (receiving colostrum from vaccinated does). Indirect Elisa was used to evaluate serum specific antibodies to Ma in goat kids (control and treatment groups) from birth to 100 days of age.ResultsAfter receiving a sufficient amount of colostrum, the goat kids in the treatment group had a significantly higher S/P% than the control group until 56 days after birth (p < 0.05) and at 70–100 days after birth, there was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that 56–70 days of age could be a good age to give the first dose of CA vaccine in goat kids, but more studies are needed on the effectiveness of this vaccine at this age.
Velocity data in a fully developed experimental wind turbine array boundary layer
Authors: Turner V John , Wosnik Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExperimental data are reported for a wind turbine array boundary layer (WTABL) in a model wind farm. An array of 95 model wind turbines consisting of 5 streamwise columns by 19 spanwise rows was studied in a high Reynolds number boundary layer in the Flow Physics Facility (FPF) at the University of New Hampshire. The wind turbine array was constructed of porous disks of 0.25 m diameter, which were drag (thrust) matched to typical offshore wind turbine operating conditions. The turbine spacing was 8 diameters in the streamwise and 4 diameters in the spanwise directions. Spires were used to thicken the boundary layer and achieve a boundary layer thickness on the order of 1 m at the first row of the wind turbine array, which is located 33 m downstream from the test section inlet, thus placing the turbines in the bottom 1/3 of the boundary layer. Velocity profiles were measured with a pitot tube in the center column of the array. To within experimental uncertainty, a fully developed WTABL condition is observed in the mean velocity, for defined inlet conditions and spacings, from row 12 on. The wind turbine array acts as asparse displaced roughness:it creates an internal layer whose origin (in the wall‐normal direction) remains fixed in space, while the turbulent boundary layer the array was placed in continues to grow. Careful consideration was given to an expanded uncertainty analysis, which elucidates the need for long measurement times in large facilities. Porous disk turbine models are the experimental equivalent of numerical actuator disks; therefore, this publicly available data set is expected to be useful for numerical model validation.