bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Three-Dimensional Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo Sequence at 3T MRI in the Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia: A Technical Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abula Yaeraili , Abulimiti Ailanuer , Liu ZhengQing , Yimiti Yasen , Abula Yaermaimaiti , Jiang Lei , Wang YunLing , Kasimu Maimaitijiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a most common cause of intractable focal epilepsy in children. Surgery is considered as a radical option for such patients with the prerequisite of lesion detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in detection of FCDs in epilepsy patients; however, the detection of FCDs even in epilepsy dedicated MRI sequence shows relatively low positive rate. Last year, Middlebrooks et al introduced the novel three-dimensional Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo (3D-EDGE) MRI sequence and using this sequence successfully identified five cases of FCDs which indicates its potential role in those epilepsy patients who may have FCDs.
Case Presentation We present a 14-year-old, right-handed, male patient who has suffered from drug-resistant epilepsy over the past 3 years. It was unable to localize the lesion of the seizure, even using the series of epilepsy dedicated MRI sequences. Inspired by the previous report, the lesion of the seizure was successfully targeted by 3D-EDGE sequence. Combined with intraoperative navigation and precisely removed the lesion. He was uneventfully recovered with no signs of cerebral dysfunction and no seizure recurrence 8 months after surgery.
Conclusion The 3D-EDGE sequences show a higher sensitivity for FCD detection in epilepsy patients compared with a series of epilepsy-dedicated MRI protocols. We confirmed that the study by Middlebrooks et al is of great clinical value. If the findings on routine MRI sequences or even epilepsy-dedicated MRI sequences were reported as negative, however, the semiology, video-electroencephalography, and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography results suggest a local abnormality, and the results are concordant with each other, a 3D-EDGE sequence may be a good option.
One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylquinolines via in situ Acid Catalysis
Authors: Feng Lei , Ma Chen , Han Qiang , Li Shichen , Cai Zepeng , Ding Chengcheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA simple, efficient, and practical protocol is reported, allowing quick access to diverse 2-arylquinolines from 2-vinylanilines and benzyl halides. This reaction is additive and metal catalyst-free with only solvent needed. A preliminary mechanistic investigation discloses the driving force comes from the in situ released HBr, which catalyzes the subsequent cyclization. The present synthetic route featured high functional group tolerance and simple post-processing. A variety of 2-arylquinolines were obtained up to 96% yield.
Incidence of Aflatoxin in Ready to Eat Nuts from Local Food Markets in Mangaluru, India
Authors: Juliet Roshani Mohan Raj , Anshida Miyapadavu , Mamatha Bangera Sheshappa , Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal , Vittal Rajeshwari 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective Aflatoxins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxin which are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi like Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The main objective of this study was to screen the occurrence of aflatoxin in ready to eat nuts available locally and analyzing for its nutritive value and to evaluate the efficiency of conventional (thin-layer chromatography [TLC]) and sensitive kit-based (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) method by detection of the aflatoxin in the sample.
Methods A total of 50 samples including peanuts (10), cashew nuts (10), almonds (10), pistachio (10), and walnuts (10) were collected from different stores in Mangalore city. Each sample was divided into three fractions, as for microbiological analysis, proximate analysis, and detection of aflatoxin by following standard method (AOAC2000).
Results The present study evidenced the contamination of aflatoxin in all of the five types of ready-to-eat nuts examined and the concentration was within the acceptable limits. But, among the samples analyzed, G10 (groundnut) showed a maximum concentration of 16 µg/L aflatoxin detected by ELISA method. It was also observed that the proximate analysis mainly moisture content did not affect aflatoxin accumulation.
Conclusion Our study shows that aflatoxin contamination of food products has become a serious threat. Although several methods for detection and quantification of toxins have been developed, due to their low concentration of toxicity in food commodities, an analytical method for detection and quantification of aflatoxin have to be specific, sensitive, and simple to carry out and among TLC and ELISA, ELISA came out as a suitable for rapid and sensitive detection.
Right Ventricular Recovery: Early and Late Changes after Acute PE Diagnosis
Authors: Bejjani Antoine , Khairani Candrika D. , Piazza Gregory 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) failure is a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with pulmonary embolism (PE). The presentation of RV failure is based on the combination of clinical findings, laboratory abnormalities, and imaging evidence. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of RV dysfunction following PE has given rise to more accurate risk stratification and broader therapeutic approaches. A subset of patients with PE develop chronic RV dysfunction with or without pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we focus on the impact of PE on the RV and its implications for risk stratification, prognosis, acute management, and long-term therapy.
Study on Satisfaction of Students Regarding Online Classes in a Selected College of Nursing, Mangalore
Authors: Mariya Christeena G. , Joseph Ansa , Marina Ashune , Jesly M.K. , Veronica M. , Sabeena M.T.P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background of the Study The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affected India in March 2020. The Government of India's enforced country-wide lockdown has been extended several times. Because schools and colleges are crowded places where infection can easily spread from person to person, our country's respective states mandated online classes out of concern for their academic studies as well as the continuation of the medical and nursing care systems. Medical and nursing students use applications such as Impartus, Zoom, and Google Meet to supplement formal classroom learning. Preventive measures become the best way to prevent infection and are important in saving one from being infected by the virus. Thus, students had experience of online classes in the first wave of the pandemic. Though there was a reopening of institutions for a short period of time and offline classes were resumed toward the end of the year, due to the second wave, institutions were again forced to get back to online classes.
Methods A descriptive design was used in this study. The sample size of 387 nursing students was selected by an online random sampling technique to identify the level of satisfaction of students regarding online classes. Data were gathered using a rating scale and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that 49.35% of students were moderately dissatisfied, 38% were moderately satisfied, 6.20% were highly satisfied, and 6.45% were highly dissatisfied with regard to the online classes.
Results and Conclusion Online learning is an important means of education when there are constraints like physical, geographical, and other health-related problems. Yet it is vitally important to know the response of the learners, at least in the initial stage of introducing them into an institution. The results of the present assessment show that 49.35% of students were moderately dissatisfied. It proved that students are not really happy with online classes due to the underlining factors like network issues, lack of interaction between the students and lecturers, lack of course organization, and time factors.
Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity
Authors: Mbabazi Johnson , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Kunonga Edward , Tolchard Barry , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Physical inactivity accounts for 16.6% of deaths in the United Kingdom. This study aims to review the recent (2016–2021) systematic reviews (SRs) on the facilitators and barriers to physical activity (PA) participation among (UK)-based adults.
Methods Using the Participants, Interventions, Comparators, and Outcomes framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses strategy, a SR of SRs of studies on the facilitators and barriers to PA among (UK)-based adults, published between 2016 and December 3, 2021, in the PubMed, SCOPUS, or Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, was done.
Results Three SRs (each published in 2016, 2019, and 2021) were included and reviewed in the study. None of the reviewed SR included a study conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; also, a paucity of primary studies on PA among (UK)-based adult black, Asian, and ethnic minorities populations was recorded. Having a knowledge/appreciation of the benefits of PA, having the opportunity for social interaction/participation and PA-related support, and having a safe environment for PA were the persistently reported facilitators to PA among (UK)-based adults. On the other hand, having language difficulties/language barrier, lack of time, and having underlying health problems were the persistently reported barriers to PA among them. Not all the included SRs received project funding.
Conclusion The outcomes of this study had identified contemporary research gaps regarding the current challenges related to PA among (UK)-based adults. It is a fact that COVID-19 has come to stay in the (UK) and, as a result, it has affected ways of living, especially PA; hence, there is an imminent need for a SR to collate current primary evidence, with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic, on the facilitators and barriers of PA among (UK)-based adults.
What merits greater scholarly attention in international business?
Authors: Grøgaard Birgitte , Sartor Michael A. , Rademaker Linda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScholarly efforts to propose future directions for international business (IB) research have generated a timely and extensive inventory of potentially interesting areas of research. We supplement this line of inquiry by suggesting that an additional layer of scrutiny could be beneficial when advocating in favor of giving more attention to particular research realms. Specifically, we advance several guiding principles that will help IB scholars assess which research areas merit greater scholarly attention, based on their potential importance and impact. We distinguish between (1) research in new or underdeveloped research domains, where salience, urgency, and actionability are critical elements, and (2) new research in relatively well-established domains, where scholars may contribute to changing the theoretical conversations taking place in IB.
Genetic control of seed dormancy in
Authors: Ramiz Zarka , Malone Jenna , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet 
Published: July 2022

Context Lolium rigidum Gaudin (annual ryegrass) has remained the most problematic weed of crop production in Australia for more than 20 years. There is some evidence that this weed species can rapidly adapt to management practices including delayed crop sowing. Aims Studies were undertaken to determine genetic variation for seed dormancy within L. rigidum populations and its association with genes involved with gibberellic acid and abscisic acid synthesis. Methodology Populations of L. rigidum were grown in pots to select low and high dormancy cohorts. Seeds produced by these cohorts from each population were assessed for variation in seed dormancy. Seeds of high and low dormancy cohorts were concurrently assessed for seed dormancy and expression of LrABA1 and LrGA20ox genes, using quantitative real-time PCR. Results Presence of differences greater than two-fold in seed dormancy between populations from the same farm indicated in situ selection for seed dormancy, most likely in response to management. Low and high dormancy cohorts of all populations maintained clear differences in seed dormancy in both years of assessment. Differences in seed dormancy between low and high dormancy cohorts were significantly correlated with LrABA1 and LrGA20ox gene expression. Conclusions This investigation has provided clear evidence of the presence of genetic variation for seed dormancy within L. rigidum populations. Implications The presence of genetic variation for seed dormancy in L. rigidum populations will allow this weed to adapt rapidly to changes in weed management practices such as delayed sowing of crops.
Reconfiguration of operation modes in silicon nanowire field-effect transistors by electrostatic virtual doping
Authors: Kim Taekham , Lim Doohyeok , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, we perform reconfigurable n- and p-channel operations of a tri-top-gate field-effect transistor (FET) made of a p+-i-n+ silicon nanowire (SiNW). In the reconfigurable FET (RFET), two polarity gates and one control gate induce virtual electrostatic doping in the SiNW channel. The polarity gates are electrically connected to each other and program the channel type, while the control gate modulates the flow of charge carriers in the SiNW channel. The SiNW RFET features simple device design, symmetrical electrical characteristics in the n- and p-channel operation modes using p+-i-n+ diode characteristics, and both operation modes exhibit high ON/OFF ratios (∼106) and high ON currents (∼1 μA μm−1). The proposed device is demonstrated experimentally using a fully CMOS-compatible top-down processes.
Multi-parameter Bayesian optimisation of laser-driven ion acceleration in particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Dolier E J , King M , Wilson R , Gray R J , McKenna P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
High power laser-driven ion acceleration produces bright beams of energetic ions that have the potential to be applied in a wide range of sectors. The routine generation of optimised and stable ion beam properties is a key challenge for the exploitation of these novel sources. We demonstrate the optimisation of laser-driven proton acceleration in a programme of particle-in-cell simulations controlled by a Bayesian algorithm. Optimal laser and plasma conditions are identified four times faster for two input parameters, and approximately one thousand times faster for four input parameters, when compared to systematic, linear parametric variation. In addition, a non-trivial optimal condition for the front surface density scale length is discovered, which would have been difficult to identify by single variable scans. This approach enables rapid identification of optimal laser and target parameters in simulations, for use in guiding experiments, and has the potential to significantly accelerate the development and application of laser–plasma-based ion sources.
Estimation of shape factor for irregular particles using three-axial measurement approach
Authors: Umare Mahendra , Ambadkar Swati 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Particle shape is an imperative term in civil engineering applications that play a significant role in the overall behavior of the particles; however, the shape factor becomes complex when it is related to the irregular-sized particle. The manuscript focuses on quantitative estimation of the shape factor of highly irregular metal particles of diameters ranging from 2.00 mm to 5.00 mm using a three-axial microscopic measurement. The measured data is used to compute the nominal diameter of a particle representing a circle of equivalent diameter and shape factor is computed. The result has been compared with the previously established studies and found to be corroborative.
Birth Cohort Effects in Breast Cancer Incidence: Global Patterns and Trends
Authors: Chen Yi-Chu , Lien Wan-Ching , Su Shih-Yung , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Chiang Chun-Ju , Yang Ya-Wen , Lee Wen-Chung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in the world among women. The age-specific incidences and onset ages vary widely between Asian and Western countries/regions. Invasive breast cancer cases among women from 1997 to 2011 were abstracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to examine the trends. The cohort effect was prominent in South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand, possibly related to the timing of westernization. The risk of breast cancer initially rose with the birth cohorts in Hong Kong and India (both former British colonies), peaked, and then declined in recent birth cohorts. Unlike other Asian countries/regions, virtually no birth cohort effect was identified in the Philippines (a Spanish colony in 1565 and the first Asian country to adopt Western cultural aspects). Moreover, an at-most negligible birth cohort effect was identified for all ethnic groups (including Asian immigrants) in the United States. This global study identified birth cohort effects in most Asian countries/regions but virtually no impact in Western countries/regions. The timing of westernization was associated with the birth cohort effect.
Telestewardship programs support clinical care and improve fiscal outcomes across the continuum through partnership between hospitals and health systems: A systematic review
Authors: Mailig Miguel , Cookson Nathan A , Schulz Lucas T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
A systematic review was performed to determine if remote stewardship (telestewardship) provides clinical and fiscal benefit and is a feasible alternative to local stewardship programs.

Summary
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly important national and global threat. US regulators have made antimicrobial stewardship programs a condition of participation in federally funded healthcare programs, and stewardship programs are surveyed during accreditation visits. Small and rural hospitals are at risk for stewardship noncompliance because lack of resources limits comprehensive stewardship program implementation. Remote stewardship programs are established to remedy this area of partial compliance. To characterize the impact of remote stewardship on selected clinical and fiscal outcomes, PubMed was searched for studies involving telestewardship that reported data on antimicrobial utilization, patient length of stay, mortality, bacterial susceptibility, hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (HA-CDI), and/or antimicrobial costs. A systematic approach was used to screen study titles, abstracts, and content and data extracted. Study quality was analyzed using Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tools. Fourteen studies were included in the final review. Collectively, the antimicrobial utilization data was positive, with utilization of targeted antimicrobials decreasing after telestewardship implementation. Mixed (both positive and neutral) results were found for patient length of stay, mortality, and HA-CDI rates. Fiscal outcomes were consistently positive.

Conclusion
Based on the reviewed evidence, remote antimicrobial stewardship programs may aid in the more judicious use of antimicrobials by decreasing utilization rates. More studies are needed to clarify patient-oriented outcomes. Telestewardship has positive effects in terms of cost savings, although savings may be offset by the structure of the program.
Hierarchical reinforcement learning for automatic disease diagnosis
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Liao Kangenbei , Chen Wei , Liu Qianlong , Peng Baolin , Huang Xuanjing , Peng Jiajie , Wei Zhongyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationDisease diagnosis-oriented dialog system models the interactive consultation procedure as the Markov decision process, and reinforcement learning algorithms are used to solve the problem. Existing approaches usually employ a flat policy structure that treat all symptoms and diseases equally for action making. This strategy works well in a simple scenario when the action space is small; however, its efficiency will be challenged in the real environment. Inspired by the offline consultation process, we propose to integrate a hierarchical policy structure of two levels into the dialog system for policy learning. The high-level policy consists of a master model that is responsible for triggering a low-level model, the low-level policy consists of several symptom checkers and a disease classifier. The proposed policy structure is capable to deal with diagnosis problem including large number of diseases and symptoms.ResultsExperimental results on three real-world datasets and a synthetic dataset demonstrate that our hierarchical framework achieves higher accuracy and symptom recall in disease diagnosis compared with existing systems. We construct a benchmark including datasets and implementation of existing algorithms to encourage follow-up researches.Availability and implementationThe code and data are available from https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISCOpen-MedBox-DialoDiagnosisSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ProtNAff: protein-bound Nucleic Acid filters and fragment libraries
Authors: Moniot Antoine , Guermeur Yann , de Vries Sjoerd Jacob , Chauvot de Beauchene Isaure 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationAtomistic models of nucleic acids (NA) fragments can be used to model the 3D structures of specific protein–NA interactions and address the problem of great NA flexibility, especially in their single-stranded regions. One way to obtain relevant NA fragments is to extract them from existing 3D structures corresponding to the targeted context (e.g. specific 2D structures, protein families, sequences) and to learn from them. Several databases exist for specific NA 3D motifs, especially in RNA, but none can handle the variety of possible contexts.ResultsThis article presents protNAff (protein-bound Nucleic Acids filters and fragments), a new pipeline for the conception of searchable databases on the 2D and 3D structures of protein-bound NA, the selection of context-specific (regions of) NA structures by combinations of filters, and the creation of context-specific NA fragment libraries. The strength of this pipeline is its modularity, allowing users to adapt it to many specific modeling problems. As examples, the pipeline is applied to the quantitative analysis of (i) the sequence-specificity of trinucleotide conformations, (ii) the conformational diversity of RNA at several levels of resolution, (iii) the effect of protein binding on RNA local conformations and (iv) the protein-binding propensity of RNA hairpin loops of various lengths.Availability and implementationThe source code is freely available for download at URL https://github.com/isaureCdB/protNAff. The database and the trinucleotide fragment library are downloadable at URL https://zenodo.org/record/6483823#.YmbVhFxByV4.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.