bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between molar activity, injection mass and uptake of the PARP targeting radiotracer [18F]olaparib in mouse models of glioma
Authors: Chan Chung Ying , Hopkins Samantha L. , Guibbal Florian , Pacelli Anna , Baguña Torres Julia , Mosley Michael , Lau Doreen , Isenegger Patrick , Chen Zijun , Wilson Thomas C. , Dias Gemma , Hueting Rebekka , Gouverneur Véronique , Cornelissen Bart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radiopharmaceuticals targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have emerged as promising agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy. PARP enzymes are expressed in both cancerous and normal tissue. Hence, the injected mass, molar activity and potential pharmacological effects are important considerations for the use of radiolabelled PARP inhibitors for diagnostic and radionuclide therapeutic applications. Here, we performed a systematic evaluation by varying the molar activity of [18F]olaparib and the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib to investigate the effects on tumour and normal tissue uptake in two subcutaneous human glioblastoma xenograft models.

Methods
[18F]Olaparib uptake was evaluated in the human glioblastoma models: in vitro on U251MG and U87MG cell lines, and in vivo on tumour xenograft-bearing mice, after administration of [TotalF]olaparib (varying injected mass: 0.04–8.0 µg, and molar activity: 1–320 GBq/μmol).

Results
Selective uptake of [18F]olaparib was demonstrated in both models. Tumour uptake was found to be dependent on the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib (µg) but not the molar activity. An injected mass of 1 μg resulted in the highest tumour uptake (up to 6.9 ± 1.3%ID/g), independent of the molar activity. In comparison, both the lower and higher injected masses of [TotalF]olaparib resulted in lower relative tumour uptake (%ID/g; P < 0.05). Ex vivo analysis of U87MG xenograft sections showed that the heterogeneity in [18F]olaparib intratumoural uptake correlated with PARP1 expression. Substantial upregulation of PARP1-3 expression was observed after administration of [TotalF]olaparib (> 0.5 µg).

Conclusion
Our findings show that the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib has significant effects on tumour uptake. Moderate injected masses of PARP inhibitor-derived radiopharmaceuticals may lead to improved relative tumour uptake and tumour-to-background ratio for cancer diagnosis and radionuclide therapy.
SK3 in POMC neurons plays a sexually dimorphic role in energy and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Yu Meng , Bean Jonathan C. , Liu Hailan , He Yang , Yang Yongjie , Cai Xing , Yu Kaifan , Pei Zhou , Liu Hesong , Tu Longlong , Conde Kristine M. , Wang Mengjie , Li Yongxiang , Yin Na , Zhang Nan , Han Junying , Scarcelli Nikolas A. , Xu Pingwen , He Yanlin , Xu Yong , Wang Chunmei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play a sexually dimorphic role in body weight and glucose balance. However, the mechanisms for the sex differences in POMC neuron functions are not fully understood.

Results
We detected small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) current in POMC neurons. Secondary analysis of published single-cell RNA-Seq data showed that POMC neurons abundantly express SK3, one SK channel subunit. To test whether SK3 in POMC neurons regulates POMC neuron functions on energy and glucose homeostasis, we used a Cre-loxP strategy to delete SK3 specifically from mature POMC neurons. POMC-specific deletion of SK3 did not affect body weight in either male or female mice. Interestingly, male mutant mice showed not only decreased food intake but also decreased physical activity, resulting in unchanged body weight. Further, POMC-specific SK3 deficiency impaired glucose balance specifically in female mice but not in male mice. Finally, no sex differences were detected in the expression of SK3 and SK current in total POMC neurons. However, we found higher SK current but lower SK3 positive neuron population in male POMC neurons co-expressing estrogen receptor α (ERα) compared to that in females.

Conclusion
These results revealed a sexually dimorphic role of SK3 in POMC neurons in both energy and glucose homeostasis independent of body weight control, which was associated with the sex difference of SK current in a subpopulation of POMC + ERα + neurons.
Hyperspectral image denoising and destriping based on sparse representation, graph Laplacian regularization and stripe low-rank property
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Yang Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the acquisition of a hyperspectral image (HSI), it is easily corrupted by many kinds of noises, which limits the subsequent applications. For decades, numerous HSI denoising methods have been proposed. However, these methods rarely consider the stripe noise as an independent component, thus cannot effectively remove the stripe noise. In this paper, we propose a mixed noise removal algorithm to destripe an HSI by taking advantage of the low-rank property of stripe noise. In the meantime, sparse representation and graph Laplacian regularization are utilized to remove Gaussian and sparse noise. Roughly speaking, the sparse representation helps achieve the approximation of the original image. A graph Laplacian regularization term can ensure the non-local spatial similarity of an HSI. Separate constraints on the sparse coefficient matrix and stripe noise components can help remove different types of noises. Experimental results on both simulated and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for HSI restoration.
Automated audio captioning: an overview of recent progress and new challenges
Authors: Mei Xinhao , Liu Xubo , Plumbley Mark D. , Wang Wenwu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutomated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task that aims to generate natural language descriptions for given audio clips. This task has received increasing attention with the release of freely available datasets in recent years. The problem has been addressed predominantly with deep learning techniques. Numerous approaches have been proposed, such as investigating different neural network architectures, exploiting auxiliary information such as keywords or sentence information to guide caption generation, and employing different training strategies, which have greatly facilitated the development of this field. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the published contributions in automated audio captioning, from a variety of existing approaches to evaluation metrics and datasets. We also discuss open challenges and envisage possible future research directions.
Can serum autoantibodies be a potential early detection biomarker for breast cancer in women? A diagnostic test accuracy review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kathrikolly Thejas , Nair Sreekumaran N. , Mathew Aju , Saxena Prakash P. U. , Nair Suma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The increasing incidence of breast cancer necessitates the need to explore alternate screening strategies that circumvent the setbacks of conventional techniques especially among population that report earlier age at diagnosis. Serum autoantibodies is one such potential area of interest. However, their ubiquitous presence across cancer types limits its applicability to any one specific type of cancer. This review was therefore carried out to explore and consolidate available evidence on autoantibodies for early detection of breast cancer and to identify those that demonstrated a higher sensitivity.

Methods
A diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) review was carried out to ascertain serum autoantibodies that could be used for early detection of breast cancer among women. All relevant articles that investigated the role of autoantibodies in early detection of breast cancer were included for the review. MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid SP, and Cochrane Library were searched extensively for eligible studies. Quality of the included studies was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for exploratory and MetaDTA 2019 for hierarchical analyses. The review helped identify the most frequently investigated autoantibodies and a meta-analysis further consolidated the findings.

Results
A total of 53 articles were included for the final analysis that reported over a 100 autoantibodies that were studied for early detection of breast cancer in women. P53, MUC1, HER2, HSP60, P16, Cyclin B1, and c-Myc were the most frequently investigated autoantibodies. Of these P53, MUC1, HER2, and HSP60 exhibited higher summary sensitivity measures. While the individual pooled sensitivity estimates ranged between 10 and 56%, the panel sensitivity values reported across studies were higher with an estimated range of 60–87%.

Conclusion
Findings from the review indicate a higher sensitivity for an autoantibody panel in comparison to individual assays. A panel comprising of P53, MUC1, HER2, and HSP60 autoantibodies has the potential to be investigated as an early detection biomarker for breast cancer.
Machine learning methods for the study of cybersickness: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Alexander Hui Xiang , Kasabov Nikola , Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis systematic review offers a world-first critical analysis of machine learning methods and systems, along with future directions for the study of cybersickness induced by virtual reality (VR). VR is becoming increasingly popular and is an important part of current advances in human training, therapies, entertainment, and access to the metaverse. Usage of this technology is limited by cybersickness, a common debilitating condition experienced upon VR immersion. Cybersickness is accompanied by a mix of symptoms including nausea, dizziness, fatigue and oculomotor disturbances. Machine learning can be used to identify cybersickness and is a step towards overcoming these physiological limitations. Practical implementation of this is possible with optimised data collection from wearable devices and appropriate algorithms that incorporate advanced machine learning approaches. The present systematic review focuses on 26 selected studies. These concern machine learning of biometric and neuro-physiological signals obtained from wearable devices for the automatic identification of cybersickness. The methods, data processing and machine learning architecture, as well as suggestions for future exploration on detection and prediction of cybersickness are explored. A wide range of immersion environments, participant activity, features and machine learning architectures were identified. Although models for cybersickness detection have been developed, literature still lacks a model for the prediction of first-instance events. Future research is pointed towards goal-oriented data selection and labelling, as well as the use of brain-inspired spiking neural network models to achieve better accuracy and understanding of complex spatio-temporal brain processes related to cybersickness.
Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options
Authors: Liu Di , Huang Si-Yuan , Sun Jian-Hui , Zhang Hua-Cai , Cai Qing-Li , Gao Chu , Li Li , Cao Ju , Xu Fang , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha-Xiang , Jin Sheng-Wei , Deng Jin , Fang Xiang-Ming , Jiang Jian-Xin , Zeng Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSepsis is a common complication of combat injuries and trauma, and is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is also one of the significant causes of death and increased health care costs in modern intensive care units. The use of antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and organ support therapy have limited prognostic impact in patients with sepsis. Although its pathophysiology remains elusive, immunosuppression is now recognized as one of the major causes of septic death. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is resulted from disruption of immune homeostasis. It is characterized by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal death of immune effector cells, hyperproliferation of immune suppressor cells, and expression of immune checkpoints. By targeting immunosuppression, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors, preclinical studies have demonstrated the reversal of immunocyte dysfunctions and established host resistance. Here, we comprehensively discuss recent findings on the mechanisms, regulation and biomarkers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and highlight their implications for developing effective strategies to treat patients with septic shock.
Autonomous motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour is associated with less sedentary time and improved health outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal study
Authors: O’Brien Ciara M. , Duda Joan L. , Kitas George D. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. , Metsios George S. , Fenton Sally A. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This longitudinal study investigated whether changes in autonomous and controlled motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour were associated with variability in sedentary, standing and stepping time and, in turn, disease activity, systemic inflammation, pain and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
People with RA undertook assessments at baseline (T1, n = 104) and 6 months follow-up (T2, n = 54) to determine autonomous and controlled motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), free-living sedentary, standing and stepping time (7 days activPAL3μ wear), Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28), systemic inflammation (c-reactive protein [CRP]), pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale). N = 52 participants provided complete data at T1 and T2. Statistical analyses: In a series of models (A and B), path analyses examined sequential associations between autonomous and controlled motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour with activPAL3μ-assessed behaviours and, in turn, RA outcomes.

Results
Models demonstrated good fit to the data. Model A (sedentary and stepping time): autonomous motivation was significantly negatively associated with sedentary time and significantly positively related to stepping time. In turn, sedentary time was significantly positively associated with CRP and pain. Stepping time was not significantly associated with any health outcomes. Model B (standing time): autonomous motivation was significantly positively associated with standing time. In turn, standing time was significantly negatively related to CRP, pain and fatigue.

Conclusions
Autonomous motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour is associated with sedentary and standing time in RA which may, in turn, hold implications for health outcomes.
Optimizing pathological assessment of breast cancer in Brazil: recommendations from a multidisciplinary working group on the tumor-tissue journey
Authors: Gobbi Helenice , Carvalho Filomena Marino , Rahal Rosemar Macedo Sousa , Klôh Maria Ines , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTimely and correct assessment of histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of biopsy and surgical specimens is of paramount importance in the provision of care to patients with breast cancer, particularly in the current era of precision oncology. In order to ensure that tissue samples are obtained, processed, analyzed and reported in an optimal way, a concerted effort is required by institutions and individuals, taking into account state-of-the-art scientific and technical knowledge and circumventing logistic and operational constraints. This may be particularly challenging in some settings due to several sources of economic, structural, organizational and communication inefficiencies. In the current article, we present a brief review of breast cancer epidemiology and challenges in the disease diagnosis, especially in Brazil, and report the results of a multidisciplinary working group convened in May 2020 in an expert panel to identify and discuss the barriers and challenges related to the journey of breast cancer samples in Brazil. Following the identification of the issues, the working group also discussed and proposed recommendations for improving the journey and quality of breast cancer samples based on their professional experience and the current scientific literature, including guidelines of national and international health organizations (e.g. World Health Organization), consensus of medical societies and other published literature on the topic. We outline the most salient issues related to that journey in Brazilian public and private medical institutions, based on the experts’ clinical experience, since all of them are actively working at both sectors, and discuss current recommendations to address these issues aiming at mitigating and preventing preanalytical and analytical issues affecting diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Such issues are grouped under four headings pertaining to education, communication, procedures in the operating room and sample transportation, and procedures in the pathology laboratory. Selected recommendations based on the current literature and discussed by the group of Brazilian experts are reviewed, which may mitigate the issues identified and optimize diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for patients with breast cancer, currently the most frequent malignant tumor worldwide and in Brazil. This paper has been submitted and published jointly, upon invitation and consent, in both the Surgical and Experimental Pathology and the Mastology journals.
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for large apical schwannoma in an obese patient
Authors: Ishihara Shunta , Shimomura Masanori , Tsunezuka Hiroaki , Ikebe Satoshi , Inoue Masayoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Neural tumors at the thoracic apex require a careful surgical technique because of the presence of vascular and neural structures and minimally invasive surgery can be challenging for these tumors, especially large tumor in obese patients. We report a case of a large apical schwannoma that treated with RATS in an obese patient.

Case presentation
An obese, diabetic, 36-year-old obese man with a body mass index of 34.7 presented with a 5.0-cm mediastinal mass in the left thoracic apex diagnosed via chest computed tomography. The magnetic resonance images suggested a schwannoma. Surgery was scheduled after glycemic control. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) was performed with in the right lateral position, and tumor was dissected from the surrounding tissue without severe nerve injury using bipolar forceps. The pathological diagnosis was benign schwannoma. The patient had an uneventful clinical course and was discharged on postoperative day 3.

Conclusion
RATS may be a useful approach in the narrow space of the thoracic cavity in obese patients.
Contrast-Enhanced Radiologic Evaluation of Gastric Conduit Emptying After Esophagectomy
Authors: Feenstra Minke L. , Alkemade Lily , van den Bergh Janneke E. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Daams Freek , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Eshuis Wietse J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is the standard of care in many hospitals after esophagectomy for gastric conduit decompression. An upper gastrointestinal contrast passage evaluation (UGI-CE) is a diagnostic test to evaluate passage through the gastric conduit. The authors hypothesized that introducing routine UGI-CE after esophagectomy results in earlier removal of the NGT and resumption of oral intake.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated two consecutive series of patients undergoing esophagectomy, one before (control group) and one after the introduction of a routine UGI-CE on postoperative day (POD) 3 or 4 (UGI-CE group). If contrast passage was found on the UGI-CE, the NGT was capped and removed. In the control group, the NGT was routinely capped and removed on day 5 after surgery. The primary outcome was the POD on which oral diet was initiated. The secondary outcomes were the day of NGT removal, NGT reinsertions, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay.

Results
Each cohort included 74 patients. In the UGI-CE group, the contrast test was performed on median POD 3.5 (IQR, 3–4). The median day of NGT removal, initiation of clear liquids, and full liquid and solid intake was 1 to 2 days earlier in the UGI-CE group than in the control group (i.e. POD 4, 4, 5, and 6 vs. POD 5, 5, 6.5, and 8; all p < 0.001). The study found no significant differences in NGT reinsertions, pneumonias, anastomotic leakages, or hospital stay.

Conclusion
The routine use of a UGI-CE after esophagectomy led to earlier removal of the NGT and earlier resumption of oral intake.
impact of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on the course of COVID-19
Authors: Gałązka Jakub Krzysztof 
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most commonly used vaccine worldwide, used typically for tuberculosis but also in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer management. Basing on previously confirmed antiviral features of BCG and first statistic data reports, BCG usage in COVID-19 prevention was claimed and its potential molecular mechanism was searched. In scientific literature there was 10 publications proving several possible mechanism of BCG interaction with SARS-CoV-2 infection immune response. The most often was cross-reactivity between various BCG and SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including those crucial for their clinical effects. In most cases, those antigens linking was shown according to bioinformatical research. According to this research, the potential role of BCG in COVID-19 management should be considered as significant, at least until the clinical trials conducted nowadays will be over.
CT angiograms for lower GI bleeding: the experience of a large UK teaching hospital
Authors: Snelling S , Ghaffar R , Ward ST 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The clinical presentation of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is variable in severity, cause and potential investigations. The British Society of Gastroenterology recently published LGIB guidelines, recommending CT angiography (CT-A) for haemodynamically unstable patients, defined by shock index (SI) greater than 1. The aim of this study was to assess the use and role of CT-A in diagnosing LGIB, by assessing the pickup rate of active LGIB defined by contrast extravasation or ‘blush’ and to determine any association between positive CT-A with various patient and clinical characteristics. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out of 4 years of LGIB admissions. Demographics, inpatient observations and use of blood products were acquired. Vital signs nearest the time of CT-A plus abnormal vital signs preceding imaging were used to calculate SI, Age SI, National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and Standardised Early Warning Score (SEWS). A consultant gastrointestinal radiologist further reviewed all consultant-reported scans. Results In total, 930 patients were admitted with LGIB. Median age was 71 years and 51% were male; 179 (19.2%) patients received red blood cell transfusion and 93 patients (10%) underwent CT-A, who were older and were likely to be hypotensive and receive red cell transfusions. Following exclusions, 92 CT-As were included in the analysis. Nine (9.8%) were positive. Univariate analysis showed no association between positive CT-A and any scoring system. A multivariate analysis, including age and gender, showed association between both NEWS2 and SEWS scores with positive CT-A. Conclusion In our analysis of the typical LGIB population, CT-A has shown relatively low pick up rate of active bleeding. CT-A clearly has a role in the investigation of LGIB, but selection remains challenging.