bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and Changes Associated with Edible Camphor Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Njan Anoka A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Camphor is an additive in certain remedies for the treatment of coryza, bronchitis, musculoskeletal pains and wounds. This study investigated the possible seizure-induction mechanism of edible camphor (EC) and the biochemical changes in brain and blood after its administration.
Methods: Seizure characteristics were evaluated in twenty-five male Wistar rats randomly distributed into five groups and given intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 mL coconut oil; 100 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ); 1000 mg/kg EC; 5 mg/kg diazepam + 1000 mg/kg EC; and 250 mg/kg carbamazepine + 1000 mg/kg EC respectively. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated using 15 male rats assigned to 3 groups (n=5) and orally administered a single sub-convulsive dose (300 mg/kg) of EC and monitored for 3, 24, and 168 hours respectively. Fasting blood sugar, blood lipid parameters and brain weight were evaluated. In a 28-day toxicity evaluation, 300 mg/kg/day EC was administered to test and control groups of male rats (n=10) and brains were excised for evaluation of weight, oxidative, inflammatory and cell component changes.
Results: At 1000 mg/kg, EC had superior seizure-inducing potential, longer seizure latency but shorter duration than PTZ. Acute administration of EC increased blood sugar, decrease serum phospholipids and triglycerides. Daily treatment for 28 days increased brain weight, and lysosomal enzyme activities neuroinflammatory indicators (TNF?, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9 and IL-10) except IL-2. Treatment also resulted in the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) level but reduction in catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels decreased, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. Photomicrographs of the cerebral cortex of treated animals showed degenerated axonal and dendritic projections as well as soma filled with neurofibrillary tangles.
Conclusions: EC neurotoxicity may be due to inhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission resulting in oxidative, inflammatory and eventual neurodegenerative damages.
Оценивание эффективности функционирования диалоговой системы на основе применения нечеткого вывода с нейросетевой настройкой
Authors: Махди Тарек Нассер , Игитян Елена Владимировна , Польщиков Константин Александрович , Корсунов Николай Иванович 
Published: July 2022

Представлены результаты исследования, направленные на совершенствование процесса оценивания эффективности функционирования диалоговых систем на основе разработки моделей нечеткого вывода и нейросетевого обучения. Обоснована актуальность разработки средств анализа выполнения вопросно-ответных функций программными средствами, именуемыми виртуальными ассистентами. В качестве величин для оценивания эффективности функционирования диалоговых систем предложено использовать частные показатели, характеризующие точность, лаконичность и полноту ответов на заданные вопросы. Результирующая оценка эффективности определяется значением обобщенного показателя, вычисляемого с учетом значений частных показателей. Разработан алгоритм вычисления обобщенного показателя на основе применения нечеткого вывода. Необходимые для его выполнения значения параметров функций принадлежности и индивидуальных выводов нечетких правил предложено вычислять на основе алгоритма нейросетевого обучения. Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по оцениванию эффективности функционирования диалоговых систем на основе предложенных алгоритмов.

БлагодарностиИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-37-90083.
Aesthetics and the Staging of Sexual Violence in Cervantes and Lope
Authors: Nelson Bradley 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
The goal of this paper is to analyze how works by Cervantes and Lope position the aesthetics of romance, or courtly love, and by extension, the poet, in relation to sexual violence in early modern Spain. The main works in question are Lope’s Peribáñez y el Comendador de Ocaña and the Tosilos episode at the palace of the duke and duchess in the second book of Don Quixote. Where Lopeframes the potential sexual violence and theatrical chaos set in motion by the Comendador as the work a deceitful, heretical, and dishonorable aberration/abomination who needs to be eliminated so that an inherently just and natural society can function as God intended, Cervantes locates the source of sexual violence in the hierarchical power structure of the aristocracy per se as well as its use of theatrical spectacles to simultaneously entertain and legitimize their political privilege and economic superiority. In other words, for Cervantes, the image of terror that is brought to the stage in a figure like Lope’s don Fadrique is not external to the monarchical-seigniorial apparatuses of social and political containment, as Lope would have it, but is rather a product of its hierarchical structure. The hope is that this essay will further discussions sparked by the #MeToo movement concerning analogous debates about the relation between culture and sexual violence.
Irrepresentable Corporealities: The Staging of Las paredes oyen in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Piñar Pablo García 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón’s Las paredes oyen is an exceptional comedia in that it captures the embodied experience of living with a physically marked body and it does so from the perspective of a disabled author. Cultural and social attitudes towards deviant corporealities, however, have prevented the staging of the leading part, Don Juan, as physically marked, from the play’s first staging in 1618 to the last third of the twentieth century. This article reconstructs the material circumstances in which Las paredes oyen has been historically staged, from 1829 to 1975, in continental Europe, Mexico, and Canada, and discusses the logic behind not staging Don Juan’s body as deviant in each production during this period. For this reconstruction, this study avails itself of a variety of archival sources, from newspaper ads and articles to programs, and rehearsal copies of the play.
Medieval Ballads in Miniature and Our New Gold: Collaborative Theatre Projects in the Digital Era
Authors: Nieto-Cuebas Glenda Y. , Treadway Hannah , Lew Jasmine , Rodríguez Paula 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
This article discusses two collaborative theatre projects developed virtually due to COVID-19 restrictions during the 2020–2021 academic year. These projects—Medieval Ballads in Miniature: A Shadow of Myself and Our New Gold—highlight the dynamics of theatrical collaboration outside the traditional performing arts setting or classroom and show how these can be truly synergistic and enriching for academic and non-academic audiences.
Relation Between Sex Hormones and Covid-19
Authors: Ibrahim Ihsan Raisan , Hussain Talib Rahiem 
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus is one of the major viruses that mainly attack human respiratory system . there are similarities in symptoms between COVID – 19 and earlier Coronavirus infections such as fever , dry cough , however , COVID – 19 showed unique clinical feature , that involve the targeting of the lower airways as evident by upper respiratory tract symptoms such as rhinorrhea , sneezing and sore throat .	The severity of COVID- 19 as indicated by hospitalization , admission to intensive care unit , has been greater in men than women . Many hypotheses have been found to explain this difference in susceptibility and severity of the disease . The difference in immune response between sex is consider the main factor in outcomes of viral infection . Estrogen has immunoenhancing effect on the immune system , while testosterone has immunosuppressive role , also progesterone inhibits inflammatory innate immune response . In this review , its concluded that sex hormones have relation with COVID-19 severity .It was concluded that estrogen and progesterone reduce disease severity in contrast , testosterone increase the severity and susceptibility for COVID-19 . Keywords: sex hormones ; immunity ; Covid – 19
PERSEPSI ORANG TUA PADA METODE DARING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PEKERJAAN DASAR TEKNIK OTOMOTIF
Authors: Paat Jecky , Rampo Yohanis , Mapaliey David 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertama Untuk mengetahui persepsi orang tua pada pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran pekerjaan dasar teknik otomotif siswa kelas X otomotif SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur dan Untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran pekerjaan dasar teknik otomotif siswa kelas Xotomotif SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur, Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dibantu dengan SPSS IBM versi 22 .Sempel dalam penelitian ini yaitu orang tua siswa kelas x Multimedia yang ada di SMK N 1 Motoling Timur yang berjumlah 19 orang siswa. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan Terdapat Hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring Dalam Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur, Hal ini dapat memberikan Implikasi. bahwa dengan adanya Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring yang baik dan tepat, maka akan dapat meningkatkan mutu Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur

Kata Kunci : Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring , Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif.
Florene Mary Young and Margaret May Zeigler: The First Women in Professorial Ranks, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
Authors: Thomas Roger K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 1933, two factors resulted in Florene Mary Young (1903–1994) and Margaret May Zeigler (1882–1976) concurrently becoming the first female tenured faculty members in the Department of Psychology at the University of Georgia (UGA). The first was the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, and the second was the legislative creation of the Board of Regents in 1932, established to oversee the University System of Georgia legislatively in 1933. For financial reasons the Regents closed the Georgia State Teachers College, where Young and Zeigler were employed, in Athens, also home of UGA. Young and Zeigler were offered and accepted tenured faculty positions at UGA.
Before presenting biographical information about Young and Zeigler, I will present an overview of the history of psychology at UGA before their arrival and the status of women as students and faculty members at UGA before their arrival to provide useful background and context. Young was 21 years younger than Zeigler, earned the PhD in 1938, and had 36 years at UGA. Far more biographical information is available about Young than about Zeigler. Before the Closing Remarks I will consider Young and Zeigler in the context of other women psychologists of their generation.
The Phenomenology of Hope
Authors: Kwong Jack M. C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
What is the phenomenology of hope? A common view is that hope has a generally positive and pleasant affective tone. This rosy depiction, however, has recently been challenged. Certain hopes, it has been objected, are such that they are either entirely negative in valence or neutral in tone. In this paper, I argue that this challenge has only limited success. In particular, I show that it only applies to one sense of hope but leaves another sense—one that is implicitly but widely employed in the hope literature—untouched. Moreover, I argue that hope construed in this latter sense is inherently positively valenced. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of this defense of hope's positive phenomenology, including the ontological question of whether hope is an emotion.
Pemilihan Serentak Petinggi Kampung Tahun 2018 di Kecamatan Long Hubung Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu
Authors: Ding Andreanus 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 9/2017 on the Selection, Appointment, and Dismissal of Village Head in Mahakam Ulu Regency by using the case of the 2018 simultaneous direct election of Village Heads (Petinggi) in Long Hubung sub-District. This research employed purposive sampling technique in data collection, and descriptive qualitative in analysis. The results show that while such a Regional Regulation has been implemented, it has not proved optimal yet. This is due to the fact that inhibiting factors are still found in the implementation of simultaneous election of Village Heads in Long Hubung sub-district, causing one out of four villages to postpone the elections. Lack of communication, information, and coordination between the election committees in sub-district and at village levels caused several problems. More specifically, outdated list of eligible voters, allowing outsiders with improper documents to vote, and similar issues, became the source of vote cheating by high-ranking candidates.
Keywords: village election, village heads(petinggi), policy implementation
Synthesis and Study of the Crystal Structure of 2-[(Dipyrrolidin-1-yl) methylene] malononitrile
Authors: Al-Adiwish Wedad M. , Barag Wedad M. 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to synthesis 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile 2 and identify its crystal structure by X-ray diffraction analysis. 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile was prepared by a direct displacement of the methylthio group (SMe) in the 2-[bis(methylthio)methylene] malononitrile 1 with pyrrolidine as cyclic secondary amine by conjugating addition-elimination reaction under reflux conditions for two hours. The compound was obtained in high yield (80%). The structure of compound 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile2 was identified by performing X-ray diffraction analysis. Suitable crystals of compound 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol solution of the compound. The compound 2 crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Pbcn. In the title compound, the two cyanide groups and the two pyrrolidine rings adopted trans configurations across the C2=C3 bond. The bond lengths and angles of the two pyrrolidinyl rings in the compound are within the normal range. The maximum deviation of N5/C2/C3/C4/N5a/C4a is 0.002(1) around C4, and no deviation has been recorded for the fragment N1/N1a/C2/C3 (0.000 (1)°). The dihedral angle between the pyrrolidine ring and N1/N1a/C2/C3 is 33.06(8)°, and the dihedral angle between the pyrrolidine ring and N5/C2/C3/C4/N5a/C4a is 50.57(7)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by two intermolecular and one intramolecular C---H…N hydrogen bonds, which form a one-dimensional polymeric chain along the axis.
The Effects of STAD Method on Chinese Students’ Motivation in Learning English Communicative Competence
Authors: Zhang Yingting , Nair Subadrah Madhawa , Wider Walton 
Published: July 2022

Many studies revealed that students have difficulties in learning English communicative competence and some are even resistant in learning the language. This study aimed to examine the effects of the STAD method in students’ motivation towards learning English communicative competence. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design lasting for 8 weeks which compared the performance between the Experimental Group taught using the STAD method and the Control Group taught using the conventional method. The sample were 80 first-year non -English major students from two polytechnic colleges in Guangdong, China. The samples were chosen as intact-groups (40 students in the Experimental Group and 40 students in the Control Group). The questionnaire on learning motivation was adapted from Keller’s ARCS model. The questionnaire was used to gauge student’s motivation in learning English communicative competence before and after the intervention. SPSS (Statistical Pakage for Social Sciences) Program for Windows version 25 was applied to analyze the data using the independent-samples t-test. The findings of this study revealed that the students in the Experimental Group showed significantly higher motivation in learning English communicative competence than the Control Group in their overall motivation and in all the ARCS components (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction). This empirical study has strong pedagogical implication as it suggests that STAD method can be used by English lecturers to enhance students’ motivation in learning English communicative competence.
Pharmacological Effects of Curcuma Longa and Its Bioactive Constitute Curcumin
Authors: Koser Nazia , Abbas Rida , Rizwan Bahisht , Sultan Huzaifa , Islam Zeenat , Jawad Maham , Jawad Mahin , Waheed Mahnoor , Basharat Shahnai 
Published: July 2022

Curcuma longa (Turmeric) belongs to the family Zingeberaceae, commonly used as a spice, pigment and additive also are one of the most important ingredients in the Indian subcontinent. In recent years’ research revealed several important functions of it. Among those being investigated is Turmeric. The aim of this review is to summarize the chemistry, referend, formulations of curcminoids and their biological activities and provides an update mainly on the pharmacological activities of the Turmeric, its extracts and credible medicinal applications of Turmeric, along with their safety evaluation. Its most important active ingredient is curcuminoids. Which are phenolic compounds and volatile oils being also present in turmeric are known for their functional and nutraceutical properties. Various preclinical cell culture and animal studies suggest that curcuminoids have extensive biological activity as antioxidants, neuroprotective, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-acidogenic, radioprotective, and arthritis. Different clinical trials also suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcuminoids in numerous chronic diseases like colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases. Nowadays, several drugs have been developed deriving from traditional products, and current drug research is actively investigating the possible therapeutic roles of many Ayurvedic and Traditional Indian medicinal therapies. Health benefits attributed to curcuminoids have resulted in their comprehensive utilization in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
High Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients, Biosynthesis of Aspirin-Resistant Thromboxane And The Risk Of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction Or Death
Authors: Rehman Erum , Hasnain Ali Shah Syed , Nabi Muhammad , Subhan Zakia , Zaman Shah , Naeem Nabiha , Khurrum Dua-E-Jamila , Ullah Irfan 
Published: July 2022

In a higher-risk group, we investigated if aspirin resistance, which is defined as inability to reduce production of thromboxane, enhanced the risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods: The Cardiac Outcome Preventive Assessment Study collected baseline urine samples from 5000 patients. A level of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 was measured, which is a marker of within vitro cell generation of thromboxane, in 400 cured patients with aspirin having a cardiovascular death, stroke and infarction, stroke during a 5-year follow-up and in 400 age - and matching sex control subjects, which did not have an event, using a nested case-control design. Result: After accounting for baseline differences, the risks of infarction, strokes, or cardiac mortality rose with every fourth of 11-dihydro-thromboxane B2, with individuals in the top fourth section having a 1.9-fold greater threat than those from the lower portion (“OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.8; p=0.009). The upper quartile showed a 2-fold increased myocardial infarction risk ("OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5; p=0.07) and a 3.6-fold elevated risk of cardiac death ("OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.78to 7.5; p=0.01) than the lower quartile. Conclusions: the 11-dehydro thromboxane B2 level in urine, better determine the risk of cardiovascular events or cardiovascular death in aspirin-treated patients. These findings also depicts that patients with elevated urine 11-dehydro thromboxane B2 concentrations are more impervious to aspirin, and could profit from greater antiplatelet medications or therapies that even more efficiently stop thromboxane generation in vivo or activities.
The Concept of Due Diligence and Notification on The Epidemic: A Legal Study In International Responsibility: Covid 19 As A Model
Authors: Alfatlawi Ahmed Aubais , Alfatlawi Azhar Abdulameer 
Published: July 2022

The Article focused on the two topics of due diligence and notification on the epidemic in light of the rules of international responsibility because the controversy and legal debate is still raging in determining the legal framework for both concepts, as two hypotheses conflict in this framework: The same rule of care, in contrast to the claim of an injured country as a result of not taking the assumed care. In this context, it is necessary to indicate the limits of due diligence and one of its most critical preventive forms, which is the notification before the occurrence of the damage, and whether it is strict normative or circumstantial related to before, during, and after the event of the damage. With the spread of deadly epidemics in the international community and the damage that resulted from their spread, it has become necessary for international jurisprudence to take a serious stand to fill the legal gaps related to dealing with the spread of deadly epidemics. Therefore, among the crucial matters about the principle of due diligence that the state must do, as well as notification to deal with issues that may threaten international peace and security, including epidemics, we will work on clarifying the concepts of due diligence and notification in light of the current legal rules and their effectiveness in curbing the evasion of international responsibility.
DOLOR Y ANALGESIA EN URGENCIAS
Authors: Romero Salto Tatiana , González Ortiz Nataly , Vazquez Cárdenas Andrés Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

El dolor es una experiencia subjetiva cuya apreciación y expresión puede variar de una persona a otra, como el paciente lo exprese, no solo se basa en una mera percepción nociceptiva, sino que también está integrada por un conjunto de pensamientos, sensaciones, conductas, y sensación desagradable que origina sentimientos de sufrimiento, ansiedad, depresión y desesperación.
El dolor que atiende a fenómenos biológicos tiene la función de informar al individuo que lo padece de que se encuentra en una situación nociva o de riesgo, pero es así mismo una emoción o sentimiento por lo que necesariamente no debe tener un sustrato biológico que lo cause. El dolor constituye un gran problema sanitario y de salud pública.
HEMORRAGIA DIGESTIVA
Authors: Crespo Vintimilla Edgar Adriano , Reyes Flores Christian Romeo , Cordero Cordero Gabriela Del Rosario 
Published: July 2022

La hemorragia proveniente del tubo digestivo constituye un problema clínico frecuente en los servicios de urgencia a nivel mundial. Su origen puede ser superior o inferior de acuerdo a su ubicación proximal o distal al ángulo de Treitz, ubicado a nivel de la flexura duodeno yeyunal. Según la localización y la magnitud del sangrado la hemorragia digestiva se puede manifestar con distintos signos y síntomas como hematemesis, hematoquezia, melenas, rectorragia y anemia. La hemorragia digestiva tiene varias causas que la producen y es importante un diagnóstico etiológico oportuno para instaurar un tratamiento eficaz.
Reseña: "Levantisca & Libresca. Lecturas sobre poesía (1981-2014)" (2021), de Biviana Hernández
Authors: Guerrero Valenzuela Claudio 
Published: July 2022

Reseña del libro Levantisca & Libresca. Lecturas sobre poesía(1981-2014) (2021), de Biviana Hernández