bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Opportunities and Challenges of Solar Photovoltaic Promotion in Uganda
Authors: Alinda Kassim , S. Geoffrey Mutumba , S. Adaramola Muyiwa 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of solar photovoltaic (PV) promotion in Uganda. The study followed a review approach of relevant scientific, technical and government papers. The review indicated that, for Uganda, rising energy demand and access, need to reduce carbon footprint, lack of grid extension to rural communities, and improved livelihoods by productive uses of solar PV systems, emerge as key drivers for solar energy uses in this country. However, the study found that high initial investment cost, inadequate research and development, lack of human capacity and training, lack of information and public awareness, and quality control of products are the main challenges facing mass adoption of this technology. Furthermore, this study fosters the understanding of solar energy uses and provides policy recommendations that could mitigate these challenges, in a least developed country Uganda.
An Audit on HIV Infection
Authors: Kamble Anmol 
Published: January 2022

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which stores its genetic information in single-stranded RNA and which causes AIDS and HIV Infection. In Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome the patient's immune system collapses, and the patient may be prone to infecting bacteria, viruses, and fungi. HIV may be transmitted through body fluids of infected patient body fluids including blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. CD4 Cells, T-cells, and macrophages get infected by the human immunodeficiency virus HIV. This Infection results in low levels of T cells by programmed cell death of T cells which is associated with antimicrobial response during inflammation.
The manifestations of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are due to opportunistic infection caused by other microorganisms naturally managed by person immune systems damaged by HIV infection. The rate of HIV transmission decreases with the condoms; it gives a comparable level of assurance. Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission can be prevented among health care workers by wearing necessary personal protective equipment. The universal body fluid and blood precautions should be followed for all such invasive procedures. Face shields, gloves, and gowns are meant to be worn whenever performing invasive procedures. Laboratory workers should use safety cabins for handling specimens or doing lab procedures. Mouth pipetting should be avoided, and Automatic pipetting tools should be used. The work surfaces of the Laboratory ought to be cleaned with suitable disinfectant after spilling of sample. If the laboratory machine or devices are ,infected, they should be sterilized or cleaned with Disinfect before to fixing. After finishing laboratory testing or work, the laboratory workers should remove their protective equipment, wash their hands, and leave their protective equipment in the Laboratory.
A Brief Study on Trichomonas Vaginalis
Authors: Vijay R. , Deb Mrinangka 
Published: January 2022

In today's modern world women face too many challenges in front of them and in an country like India. There is still old system in which women can’t work. They are kept at home and indulged in household activities and their dreams don’t matter. they are not aware of the changes in their own body due to complete negligence or illiteracy. India is still one of the most illiterate countries in the world and its economy is still very low and beyond advancement. India is a developing country and nowadays people are starting to get aware about problems of women. Now in today's society women are allowed to work and they are not kept at their household but are given an opportunity as equals. But still there are many places in India which are not aware about problems faced by women and they don’t know how to help them and we have to provide them education about their own healthy bodily practices. Women in the modern and ancient world were affected by many such diseases which causes harm not only to them but also to their young ones if untreated. In the modern culture, now a days a new trend of having multiple sexual partners have become common and therefore, due to unsafe and unprotected sex practices and poor awareness, a lot of diseases has been transmitted worldwide to both genders. Trichomoniasis vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease in women caused by a parasite which transmitted during unsafe and unprotected during sexual practices.
The Comparison of Trichoscopic Findings in Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) and Chronic Telogen Effluvium (CTE) in Female Patients
Authors: Jawade Sugat , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarsh Lata , Jawade Swapna 
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic hair loss is a major complaint in middle-aged females. It is sometime difficult to differentiate between female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) in female patients. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive technique that can help to distinguish between FPHL and CTE.
Aims: To compare the trichoscopic findings in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) in female patients.
Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional prospective comparative study carried out in the department of dermatology, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra. Adult female patients with ages ranging from 30 to 60 years old complaining of diffuse hair loss were included in the study. Patients with scarring alopecia were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group A and B included patients with FPHL and CTE respectively. Trichoscan (SIF hair analysis system) was performed on frontal region of the scalp.
Results: Hair diameter variability was significantly seen in FPHL. Hair diameter was reduced in FPHL (0.045) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium (0.063) with statistical difference between them. Hair density was significantly reduced in FPHL (32 ± 12.24) as compared to CTE (60.66 ± 18.12). Vellus hair density was significantly more in FPHL (22.4 ± 14.3) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium (7.73 ± 6.71). Single hair unit was more in FPHL (65 ± 17.08) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium. Density of yellow dots is more significantly observed in female pattern hair loss as compared to chronic telogen effluvium.
Conclusion: Trichoscopic features based on hair shaft diameter, hair follicular density, vellus hairs, yellow dots and variability in hair shaft diameter can easily help to distinguish female pattern hair loss from chronic telogen effluvium. This differentiation can help dermatologists to plan better and specific management of hair loss in female patients.
Benign Paroxysmal Postural Vertigo (BPPV): A Review
Authors: Lakhani Arju Fatema B. , Katariya Sakshi K. , Gaurkar Sagar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Benign paroxysmal postural vertigo is considered as the most frequent cause of vertigo worldwide because of which various times patient suffers the most dreaded complication which is not just because of vertigo but is due to the loss of balance during activities (such as driving and crossing the road,even while climbing up the stairs) and which is often misdiagnosed as a neurologic condition which further worsen the prognosis. This can be avoided by a simple OPD based manoeuver (series of movements) as a diagnostic procedure in most cases. Once diagnosed another series of movements (manoeuver) can be performed to afford symptomatic relief.
Objective: To create a complete systematic review of the prevalent reason of dizziness i.e. benign paroxysmal postural vertigo (BPPV) along with its historic background, diagnostic modality (associated with various manoeuvers ). Also, alternative methods of management considering their success rate and prognosis associated with precautions and primary measures (I.e prevention or decrease of risk factors, precautions and even to educate the patient about the disease.
Methodology: This article is reviewed from data taken from various articles found on various search engines like Google Scholars , PubMed , Research Gate along with the data taken from various books on he respective topics. Also, the data searched from various search engines using the terms like BPPV, Vertigo, VOR, Dix - Hallpike Maneuver, Posterior Semicircular Canal, Superior Semicircular Canal.
Conclusion : BPPV is a simple disorder that can be misdiagnosed if the history is not taken properly or examination is not done correctly, it can severely affect the patients day to day activity and can be a very problematic condition if the attack is precipitated while activities like driving or crossing the road, or even climbing,which can lead to dreaded complications. Henceforth it is a great topic of concern to resolve this disease which can be usually resolved by a simple OPD based management and can bring a great difference in the patient’s life for GOOD.
Effect of Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training Device on Inspiratory Muscle Strength in Upper Abdominal Surgery Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Arya Neha , Vardhan Vishnu 
Published: January 2022

Background: Surgical care plays a crucial role in the treatment of a wide spectrum of ailments, as well as in the relief of human suffering. Gastrectomy, pancreatectomy, hepatic resection, cholecystectomy, and splenectomy were among the upper abdominal surgeries performed. The maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) is an important metric for assessing the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Respiratory muscle training device increase the capacity for activity, strength, and endurance of respiratory muscles. Pressure Threshold IMT devices are typically spring-loaded handheld devices that is obstructed at various intensities. As a result, the current study aims to show the effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in patients undergoing Upper Abdominal Surgery. Materials and Methods: On Day 1, maximal inspiratory pressure (PI Max) was measured by a Hand held pressure manometer before intervention. Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training device was administered on Day 1, and continued for one week two sessions per day. Post treatment maximum inspiratory pressure. (PImax) was measured. Each session lasted 15 minutes, including breaks.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Threshold inspiratory muscle training device shows improvement in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure in upper abdominal surgery patient.
A Literature Review on Prevalence and Causes of Childhood Blindness in India
Authors: Gupta Prachi , Kalode Vishal 
Published: January 2022

Target of vision 2020- right to sight is to control blindness. Blindness in children affects their psychological and social growth. Various research were done on community and in blind school to know about the prevalence and causes of blindness in children. Total five- community based studies were done for knowing about the prevalence of blindness that also includes two refractive error studies for the children below 16 years of age in India. Result of data collected from blind school showed that blindness in children shifted from corneal causes to whole globe abnormalities.
Blindness in children has different impact in different region based upon the socioeconomic development of that region, primary health care centre present in that region and also the eye care services provided to the people. The strategies to control blindness should be region specific. Solution has to be drafted based on regional challenges, in such a way that it helps to cure the blindness and also help to reduce the chances of blindness in future. Prevention strategies is targeted towards proper and timely immunization, control of Vit A deficiency by providing healthy and balanced diet and to educate people about the outcome of blindness and also providing tertiary level care to treat the causes. No available data is present to know about the causes and incidence of blindness in children. Rehabilitation programme done on community level help to identify the incidence and causes of blindness in children present in India.
In this article we have discussed about childhood blindness, prevalence of childhood blindness, causes of childhood blindness, prevention of childhood blindness, control of childhood blindness, programmes running for childhood blindness. Refractive error such as myopia leads to blindness in children. School going children are at increase risk for developing blindness due to refractive error that is not corrected. Control of blindness in children is very important because a child suffer more years from blindness than adults. Around 1.4 million are affected by childhood blindness globally. Per year approx 500000 children are affected and became blind. The cause that is most common and in fact single for childhood blindness worldwide is vit A deficiency. By the year 2020, WHO has took the initiative to eliminate blindness. Some of the factors that can help are good nutrition to child, taking proper care of mother and child, proper immunization of mother and child, health education etc.
The Association of Anemia with Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Muath , Alharbi Raed , Aloyuni Saleh , Choudhary Ranjay , Alturaiki Wael , Banawas Saeed , Alshehri Bader , Alaidarous Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among patients visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: We reviewed the medical records of 120 patients (median age, male 37.44 [±17.86] and female 43.22 [±16.23] years; range 1–96 years) who attended the King Khalid General Hospital laboratory in Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, between January 2019 and January 2020. The laboratory data included the following parameters: complete blood count (Hb, MCV, MCHC, MCH, Hct, WBC, RBC, and Plt) and vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels.
Results: The chi-squared analysis showed that moderate anemia was highest among the participants who had vitamin D levels >30 ng/ml and less than 20 ng/ml, with a prevalence rate of 5% (n=6) for each category. Mild anemia was prevalent among 4.12% (n=5) of the participants with vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml. Finally, there were significant associations between parameters including age, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hematocrit, vitamin D, and anemia. In addition, the odds ratio results indicated that mild vitamin D deficiency was associated with the degree of anemia, ranging from mild to moderate (OR=1.63 to 1.92). Moderate vitamin D deficiency was associated with the degree of anemia, ranging from mild to moderate (OR=1.76 to 1.97). The results confirmed a negative association between normal vitamin D values and the degree of anemia.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among patients visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia.
A Comprehensive Review on – Acalypha indica Linn.
Authors: Kumar M. Surendra , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Santhoshkumar M. , Arunnesh A. , Ameen M. Mohamed , Sathiyapriya K. , Astalakshmi N. 
Published: January 2022

Medicinal plants possess high therapeutic values. It can act as remedies for various human diseases and ailments. Acalypha indica is an herbaceous annual plant which belongs to the family euphorbiaceae. Euphorbiaceae is a large family of flowering plants. The Euphorbiaceae consist of monoecious or dioecious, herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees. Latex is present in some major groups. Acalypha indica commonly called as kuppaimeni. It is mostly found in the backyards of houses and waste places throughout the India. This herb has wide range of therapeutic purposes and have nutritional properties. The plant widely used to treat various diseases like antibacterial, antifungal, acaricidal effects etc. This review article provides an insight into wide-range of information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of this species.
Analysis of Dynamic Efficacy Profile of Corneal Cross-Linking: Role of Oxygen and Rate Constants in Type-I and II Processes
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Lee Yi-Ze 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To explore (theoretically) the key parameters and their influence on the time profiles of photosensitizer (riboflavin), free radicals, singlet oxygen, oxygen and the efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in both type-I and oxygen-mediated type-II mechanisms, specially the role of oxygen and the initiator regeneration.
Study Design: Numerical solutions of the rate equation of CXL.
Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between October, 2021 and November, 2021.
Methodology: Coupled kinetic equations are derived and numerically solved under the quasi-steady state condition for the 2-pathway mechanisms of CXL. The key parameters explored include (bI, V, Q', K, K',Q,P) and their influence on the time profiles of photosensitizer (riboflavin, C), radicals (R), singlet oxygen(S), oxygen (X) and efficacy (E), parameters of (K,K',Q) define the relative strength of type-I and type-II process. The oxygen depletion profile, X(t), and the associated singlet oxygen, S(t), depend on the parameters of V, Q' and the initial value of oxygen. The coupling strength given by (bI) governs almost all profiles, where b is an effective absorption parameter and I is the UV light intensity.
Results: Our numerical method for CXL dynamic profiles demonstrated the following important features: (i) Type-I and type-II co exit in CXL, in the presence of oxygen. However, there is no type-II when oxygen is depleted or in a condition without oxygen. (ii) Type-I with bimolecular termination, the radical R(t) is a function of [K'(bIgC)]0.5, leading to the steady-state efficacy given by a scaling law of 1/(bI)0.5, in contract to that of type-II which is almost independent to the light intensity. (iii) The depletion rate (2 to 5 minutes) of X(t) is much faster than that of C(t) (10 to 20 minutes), (iv) The pure type-II profile, has a transition point from straight line to saturating curve and matches the depletion point of singlet oxygen S(t). (v) Improved CXL efficacy of type-I and type-II may be achieved by external supply of photoinitiator (riboflavin) and oxygen, respectively.
Scalable Growth of Organic Single‐Crystal Films via an Orientation Filter Funnel for High‐Performance Transistors with Excellent Uniformity
Authors: Deng Wei , Lei Hemeng , Zhang Xiujuan , Sheng Fangming , Shi Jialin , Zhang Xiali , Liu Xinyue , Grigorian Souren , Zhang Xiaohong , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic single‐crystal films (OSCFs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of new‐generation organic single‐crystal electronics. However, crystallization of organic films is normally governed by stochastic nucleation and incoherent growth, posing a formidable challenge to grow large‐sized OSCFs. Here, an “orientation filter funnel” concept is presented for the scalable growth of OSCFs with well‐aligned, singly orientated crystals. By rationally designing solvent wetting/dewetting patterns on the substrate, this approach can produce seed crystals with the same crystallographic orientation and then maintain epitaxial growth of these crystals, enabling the formation of large‐area OSCFs. As a result, this unique concept for crystal growth not only enhances the average mobility of organic film by 4.5‐fold but also improves its uniformity of electrical properties, with a low mobility variable coefficient of 9.8%, the new lowest record among organic devices. The method offers a general and scalable route to produce OSCFs toward real‐word electronic applications.
Global‐Oriented Strategy for Searching Ultrastrength Martensitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Hu Xiaobing , Zhao Jiajun , Li Junjie , Wang Zhijun , Chen Yiming , Wang Jincheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn intelligent alloy design strategy integrating machine learning and adaptive sampling is proposed and successfully applied to an example of martensitic stainless steel. Short iterative experiments prove the feasibility of this strategy in quickly finding new alloys with hardness higher than that of the current best and reasonably augmenting training data to create a high‐confidence prediction model. A credible relationship between the composition and hardness is demonstrated by the proposed model and the most promising candidate in the designed space is identified. In contrast to the traditional approaches, this strategy can meet the goal of global quest as it offers the advantages of flexibility, reliability, and efficiency. The suggested strategy can be extended to guide the experimental design of other materials.
High‐Performance and Reliable White Organic Light‐Emitting Fibers for Truly Wearable Textile Displays
Authors: Hwang Yong Ha , Noh Byeongju , Lee Junwoo , Lee Ho Seung , Park Yongjin , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight‐emitting fibers have been intensively developed for the realization of textile displays and various lighting applications, as promising free‐form electronics with outstanding interconnectivity. These advances in the fiber displays have been made possible by the successful implementation of the core technologies of conventional displays, including high optoelectronic performance and essential elements, in the fiber form‐factor. However, although white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs), as a fundamental core technology of displays, are essential for realizing full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting, fiber‐based WOLEDs are still challenging due to structural issues and the lack of approaches to implementing WOLEDs on fiber. Herein, the first fiber WOLED is reported, exhibiting high optoelectronic performance and a reliable color index, comparable to those of conventional planar WOLEDs. As key features, it is found that WOLEDs can be successfully introduced on a cylindrical fiber using a dip‐coatable single white‐emission layer based on simulation and optimization of the white spectra. Furthermore, to ensure durability from usage, the fiber WOLED is encapsulated by an Al2O3/elastomer bilayer, showing stable operation under repetitive bending and pressure, and in water. This pioneering work is believed to provide building blocks for realizing complete textile display technologies by complementing the lack of the core technology.
Glass‐Crystallized Luminescence Translucent Ceramics toward High‐Performance Broadband NIR LEDs
Authors: Zheng Guojun , Xiao Wenge , Wu Jianhong , Liu Xiaofeng , Masai Hirokazu , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are newly emergent broadband light sources for miniaturizing optical systems like spectrometers. However, traditional converters with NIR phosphors encapsulated by organic resins suffer from low external quantum efficiency (EQE), strong thermal quenching as well as low thermal conductivity, thus limiting the device efficiency and output power. Through pressureless crystallization from the designed aluminosilicate glasses, here broadband Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting translucent ceramics are developed with high EQE (59.5%) and excellent thermal stability (<10% intensity loss and negligible variation of emission profile at 150 °C) to serve as all‐inorganic visible‐to‐NIR converters. A high‐performance NIR phosphor‐converted light emitting diodes is further demonstrated with a record NIR photoelectric efficiency (output power) of 21.2% (62.6 mW) at 100 mA and a luminescence saturation threshold up to 184 W cm−2. The results can substantially expand the applications of pc‐LEDs, and may open up new opportunity to design efficient broadband emitting materials.