bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Propulsion of a Benzoic Acid Disk Reflecting the Mesoscopic State of an Amphiphilic Molecular Layer
Authors: Fujita Risa , Matsuo Muneyuki , Mori Taizo , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nakata Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

In this study, we developed a novel self‐propulsion system using the mesoscopic state of an amphiphilic molecular layer. A benzoic acid (BA) disk and 4‐stearoyl amidobenzoic acid (SABA) were used as the self‐propelled object and amphiphile, respectively. The BA disk was driven by the difference in surface tension around it on the aqueous surface, and its motion was influenced by the intermolecular interactions between BA and SABA. Simultaneous Brewster angle microscopy and surface pressure versus area isotherm measurements were performed to evaluate the meso‐ and macroscopic states of the SABA molecular layer at different temperatures (T) in the aqueous phase. At T = 293 K and 10 ≤ A ≤ 16.8 Å2 molecule−1, the BA disk exhibited linear reciprocating motion due to the homogeneously distributed SABA molecular layer. Conversely, the heterogeneous distribution of SABA domains at T = 303 K and 10 ≤ A ≤ 12.6 Å2 molecule−1 led to ring‐shaped reciprocating motion. The SABA molecular layer, which was irreversibly compressed via BA disk motion, acted as a boundary for the BA disk motion. The findings of this study should advance the programming of self‐propulsion at the molecular level via the mesoscopic state.
Thermodynamic factors for selecting suitable hydrate formers for saline water treatment in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Tran Quang Nhat , Pham‐Nguyen Khoa Dang , Phuoc Ho Thi , Truong‐Lam Hai Son 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study presents a significant advancement in the field of water treatment, specifically in the techniques used for identifying an appropriate hydrate former for saline desalination in agricultural regions. Salinization is a growing concern in the Mekong Delta, particularly impacting Ben Tre province, where agriculture heavily influences the local economy and livelihoods. The focus was on 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R134a), propane, pentafluoroethane (R125a), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as potential candidates. Simulation studies assessed hydrate formation with these formers in various water sources, including pure water, saline water from Ben Tre province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and seawater from Con Dao Island, Vietnam. The phase equilibria for the four selected formers were predicted using CSMGem commercial software and the Hu–Lee–Sum (HLS) correlation. Raman spectroscopy revealed that guest molecules were confined to the large cages of structure II hydrates. The simulation outcomes, corroborated by experimental data demonstrated good consistency. The thermodynamic data guided the desalination process design, highlighting R134a as the optimal hydrate former for desalination. In conclusion, the study utilized thermodynamic principles and simulation to determine a suitable hydrate former for desalination, with R134a emerging as the preferred choice. The study's implications for improving the sustainability of water resources in salinized regions are of international relevance.
Moisture transport by convective overshoots in the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Powell C. W. , Haynes P. H. , Ming A. D. , Taylor J. R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeep convection overshooting the tropical tropopause offers the potential for significant transport of moisture into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) by avoiding the cold‐point temperature constraint on water vapour concentration. As vertical transport through the TTL largely sets global stratospheric composition, convective hydration is an important but debated pathway. In this review, we discuss evidence of convective hydration of the TTL and its mechanism, highlighting recent advances in understanding. We summarise recent estimates for the contribution of convective hydration to the stratospheric water vapour budget and highlight open questions that may be addressed in future research.
A high rate of mortality in liver cirrhosis patients after emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Skovsen Anders Peter , Jensen Thomas Korgaard , Gögenur Ismail , Tolstrup Mai-Britt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In the elective setting, there are high mortality rates for patients with liver cirrhosis after surgery. Few studies focus on emergency surgery. This study investigates mortality and morbidity of patients with cirrhosis undergoing emergency abdominal surgery.

Methods
In a database established at two Copenhagen University Hospitals (Herlev and North Zealand), including all patients operated in an emergency setting (n = 1116), including all patients with known cirrhosis at time of surgery. Postoperative complications, and mortality rates were evaluated by a matched case-control method, matching cases and controls according to surgical procedure, age, sex and American Society of Anaesthesiologists-class (ASA). Medical and surgical complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Results
In the study, 24 patients with cirrhosis and 48 matched controls were evaluated. The 30-day mortality was 37.5% for patients with cirrhosis and 12.5% for controls (OR 4.2, 95% CI [1.28, 13.80], p = 0.014) and 90-day mortality was 62.5% for patients with cirrhosis compared to 18.8% for controls (OR 7.22, 95% CI [2.41, 21.68], p < 0.001). For patients with cirrhosis 58.3% had surgical complications compared to 31.3% for the controls (p = 0.027). The reoperation rate was 45.8% in the cirrhosis group and 22.9% in the control group (p = 0.047). The days-alive-out-of-hospital at 90-days (DAOH-90) was 9 days in the cirrhosis group and 78 days in the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This retrospective study shows that patients with cirrhosis have significantly higher mortality rates after emergency surgery, more surgical complications and reoperations, and reduced DAOH-90.
Long-Term Changes in Parameters of Bone Quality in Kidney Transplant Recipients Treated with Denosumab
Authors: Pollastri Francesco , Fassio Angelo , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Andreola Stefano , Gambaro Giovanni , Spasiano Andrea , Caletti Chiara , Stefani Lisa , Gatti Matteo , Fabbrini Paolo , Rossini Maurizio , Galvagni Isotta , Gatti Davide , Adami Giovanni , Viapiana Ombretta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have an elevated fracture risk. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD), it does not capture all aspects of bone quality. We investigated the long-term effects on bone DXA-derived indices of bone quality in KTRs treated with denosumab and untreated with denosumab. This is a retrospective study, including KTRs treated with denosumab and untreated age and sex-matched KTR controls. DXA-derived parameters, including trabecular bone score (TBS) and 3D-DXA parameters, were measured at the lumbar spine and femur at baseline and after four years. Hierarchical linear models were used to assess the between-group effect of treatment over time, also adjusting for site-specific aBMDs. We enrolled 23 KTRs treated with denosumab and 23 KTR denosumab-untreated KTRs. Significant between-group differences over time in favor of the denosumab group were observed for TBS (0.843, 95%CI 0.439; 1.248,p < 0.001), trabecular volumetric BMD at the total hip (Tb.vBMD TH) (13.492, 95%CI 1.707; 25.278, p = 0.003), cortical volumetric BMD at the femoral neck (Ct.vBMD FN) (28.766, 95%CI 8.373; 49.158, p = 0.008), cortical surface BMD at the total hip (c.sBMD TH) (10.507, 95%CI 4.140; 16.873,p = 0.002), cortical surface at the femoral neck (c.sBMD FN) (8.795, 95%CI 2.818; 14.771, p = 0.006), and cortical thickness at the total hip (Ct.th.TH) (0.075, 95%CI 0.020; 0.130, p = 0.010). After adjusting for BMD, the differences on TBS and Ct.vBMD FN and c.sBMD FN remained significant. Denosumab treatment in KTRs was associated with better outcomes in terms of bone quality and geometry parameters, independent of changes in aBMD.
Defining a minimum nodal yield for neck dissection in mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic review
Authors: Bassani Sara , Tesauro Paolo , Monzani Daniele , Molteni Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Analysis of existing literature on lymph node yield (LNY) in neck dissection (ND) for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) used as a prognostic factor and an indication of treatment adequacy.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on mucosal HNSCC patients undergoing ND with data on LNY and its association with survival outcomes. The quality assessment followed the REMARK guidelines.

Results
Among 29 included studies, minimum LNY tresholds associated with improved survival outcomes ranged from 10 to 36.5 nodes. The heterogeneity in subsite involvement and cN0/cN + status constituted a challenge in establishing a consensus cutoff. The review highlights the need for standardized surgical techniques and pathological assessments to ensure data comparability.

Conclusions
LNY is a prognostic indicator and could reflect ND quality in HNSCC.
Synthesis and Electron Spin Resonance Study of Zn0.7Ni0.3RE0.1Fe1.9O4 (RE = Gd, Sm, Dy) Nanostructured Ferrites
Authors: Masuku S. J. C. , Msomi J. Z. , Mahule T. S. , Srinivasu V. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The glycol-thermal technique synthesized Zn0.7Ni0.3RE0.1Fe1.9O4 (RE = 0, Gd, Sm, Dy) nanostructured ferrites with fine particles in the 8–13 nm range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed a single-phase cubic spinel structure with no impurity peaks for the samples investigated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HrTEM) showed nearly spherical particle images for the pure Zn0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4. HrTEM images for Zn0.7Ni0.3RE0.1Fe1.9O4 (RE = Gd, Sm, or Dy) rare-earth-substituted fine particles revealed agglomerated particles with irregular shapes. Reduced particle sizes of rare-earth-substituted Zn-Ni compared to undoped compounds have been explained based on electron–electron repulsion of 4f electrons. Electron spin dynamics were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. A broad ESR signal with the highest intensity has been observed for the Sm-doped compound (Zn0.7Ni0.3Sm0.1Fe1.9O4) with a particle size of about 8 nm. Broadening of the signal revealed stronger magnetic dipole interactions and narrower signals for Gd- and Dy-doped compounds indicate stronger superexchange interactions. The slightest ESR signal observed for the Gd-based (Zn0.7Ni0.3Gd0.1Fe1.9O4) compound has been attributed to high spin–orbit coupling and the paramagnetic nature of Gd ions disrupting magnetic resonance. The evolution of the magnetic parameters, such as signal line width, intensities, and g-factors, as a function of the type of rare-earth ions, has been presented and correlated with the outer 4f electron number of rare-earth ions and particle size. Rare-earth-doped Zn0.7Ni0.3RE0.1Fe1.9O4 (RE = Gd, Sm, Dy) nanostructured ferrites exhibit enhanced magnetic and structural properties, critical for advanced applications such as magnetic separation and biomedical imaging. This study demonstrates the influence of rare-earth doping on ESR parameters, particle size, and magnetization, providing insights into the role of 4f electron configurations.
Beyond the BRCA1/2 genes in ovarian cancer: the role of germline pathogenic variants in the ATM gene
Authors: Guadagnolo Daniele , Minucci Angelo , Chiavassa Antonella , Gentile Gabriella , Salvatori Francesca , Khaleghi Hashemian Nader , Maneri Giulia , Piane Maria , Grotta Simona , Grammatico Paola , Pizzuti Antonio , Santini Daniele , De Marchis Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Ovarian Cancer (OC) prevention and early-stage detection represents a challenge due to the lack of effective surveillance. The identification of high-risk women is crucial as it provides access to prophylactic oophorectomy and reduces disease burden. Next-Generation Sequencing approaches enable the investigation of several genes associated with monogenic hereditary cancer predisposition, including ovarian cancer. For family members of patients affected by ovarian cancer without identification of a germline pathogenic variant, despite the increased empirical risk (3 times) of ovarian cancer incidence, prophylactic surgery is not indicated but may be suggested as the only efficient strategy.

Methods and Results
We hereby present 2 cases of OC in which a germline heterozygous pathogenic variant in the ATM gene was identified: the first in the contest of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) family history and, in the other one, a late onset of neoplasms, to underline the importance of defining guidelines and management of moderate penetrance genes variants also for ovarian cancer prevention.

Conclusions
Carriers of heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ATM gene have an increased risk of neoplasms incidence, mostly breast but also of OC with an absolute estimated risk of 2–3 times greater than the general population. For these patients there is not well-established evidence of benefit in risk reducing bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy.
Moral certainty, deep disagreement, and disruption
Authors: Hermann Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wittgenstein’s On Certainty has been a source of inspiration for philosophers concerned with the notion of deep disagreement (see Fogelin in Informal Logic 25(1):3–11, 2005; Pritchard in Topoi 40:1117–1125, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-018-9612-y). While Wittgenstein’s examples of certainties do not include moral certainties, some philosophers have argued that an analogy can be drawn between certainty regarding the empirical world and moral certainty (Goodman in Metaphilosophy 13:138–148,1982; Hermann in On moral certainty, justification, and practice: A Wittgensteinian perspective, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2015; Pleasants in Inquiry 51(3):241–267, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201740802120673). Moral certainty manifests itself in our fundamental ways of feeling, thinking, and acting morally. It is closely related to an “agreement in form of life” (Wittgenstein in Philosophical investigations, Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe. Third ed., Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1968, § 241.), which makes moral disagreements possible in the first place. In this paper, I aim to shed light on the phenomenon of moral deep disagreement by relating it not only to the notion of moral certainty but also to the concept of deep disruption as it is currently developed and discussed in the philosophy of technology. I argue that certainty, deep disagreement, and deep disruption are all located at the level of “bedrock practices” (Williams in Wittgenstein, mind and meaning, Routledge, Milton Park, 1999, p. 198), and that the fundamentality of their objects should be understood in terms of relationality and interconnectedness. Deep disagreements can occur through deep technology-induced disruption and can take the form of a disruption of deep conceptual agreement. Conceptual common ground can be re-established by continuous interaction and a collective process of moral articulation. Deep disruption and moral deep disagreement can lead to moral progress, for instance in the form of recognising and correcting an epistemic injustice.
Retheorizing Archaeological “Artefacts” as “Belongings”
Authors: Pitblado Bonnie L. , Thomas Suzie , Wessman Anna , Woodward Sophie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we suggest that archaeologists should recognise the limitations of the term “artefact”, because it does not capture the many ways that diverse groups think about and interact with such objects. There are two important reasons for doing this. First, as we show through numerous examples, archaeologists’ conception of portable material objects as “artefacts” is narrow and unlikely to align with the conceptions by the people who left them behind. Second, like the terms “prehistory” and “human remains”, “artefact” is a settler-colonialist construct that elevates Western scientific jargon above terminology that other stakeholders may see as more respectful or appropriate. As an alternative to the term “artefact”, this article explores “belongings” as a way to open up understandings of the many different meanings associated with archaeological objects and to refer more inclusively to them in diverse contexts.
Informationsschatz aus Umweltproben
Authors: Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our environment is a treasure trove of genetic information. High-throughput sequencing enables a spectrum of investigations, from observing human pathogens to assessing the constitution of an ecosystem. Here, we summarize our work on longitudinal total RNA/DNA sequencing from wastewater samples combined with in-depth data analysis. We explore the wealth of data from known virus detection to discovery of novel biotechnological enzyme sequences, showcasing the potential of such systematic approaches.
(t)RNA-Seq: mehr als nur Sequenzierung
Authors: Kolberg Tim , Hoffmann Anne , Mörl Mario , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With Next Generation Sequencing, technical advances in the field of nucleic acid sequencing enabled access to the entire transcriptome of organisms. However, the variety of information available in RNA-seq data exceeds mere sequence information. Specific RNA molecules, as well as their modification patterns or their spatial structure, can be addressed using customized biochemical and bioinformatic methods, providing deep insights into regulatory processes at transcriptome level.
Illegal reintroductions of lynx are irresponsible and the wrong path forward for rewilding in Scotland
Authors: Whitehead Toryn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In January 2025 four Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were illegally released into the Cairngorms National Park in the Scottish Highlands. All four animals were subsequently captured but unfortunately one lynx died overnight. While the conservation community has widely condemned the unknown perpetrators, possibly guerrilla rewilders, little attention has been given to why illegal releases are damaging. Here I outline the three main social-cultural reasons as to why an illegal reintroduction is irresponsible - 1) a breakdown in dialogue and trust; 2) the negative implications for conflict and coexistence; and 3) the spread of misinformation and politicisation – and the disproportionate benefits of a legal reintroduction. Scotland’s history is already littered with illicit releases which have damaged trust and sparked human-wildlife conflicts which otherwise may have been avoided or mitigated. Without patience, empathy, and dialogue to co-produce a reintroduction plan and coexistence strategies, any legal reintroduction of lynx is doomed to fail – let alone an illegal release.
Spatio-temporal exposure risk estimation for COVID-19 using social network analysis and mobile phone data
Authors: Pedro Cumbane Silvino , Gidófalvi Győző 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of human mobility in disease transmission. Understanding and anticipating spatio-temporal exposure risk is crucial for effective public health interventions. Although various mobility datasets have been explored, the potential of anonymized Call Detail Records (CDRs), combined with social network analysis, remains largely untapped for exposure risk estimation. This study investigates the use of social network analysis for estimating spatio-temporal exposure risk, using anonymized Call Detail Records (CDRs) from Mozambique to model human mobility patterns. The study focuses on three centrality measures: weighted in-degree centrality, improved in-degree centrality, and weighted PageRank. Daily origin–destination matrices constructed from CDRs are used to build directed-weighted networks representing human flow between provinces and districts. The exposure risk scores derived from these measures are compared against a risk score calculated from daily COVID-19 case data and the time-varying reproduction number. Results at the province level show that while all three centrality measures reveal similar trends in spatio-temporal exposure risk, weighted PageRank demonstrates the highest correlation with the COVID-19-based risk score. Poisson regression models, built to predict COVID-19 cases using the three centrality measures, further support the strong influence of exposure risk on the number of cases, with the weighted PageRank model showing the best predictive performance. The district-level analysis, focusing on the Greater Maputo area, used the distribution of Points of Interest (POIs) for validation. The results indicate that education, financial, and transport POIs correlate with exposure risk across all three centrality measures. In general, weighted PageRank consistently outperforms the other two measures in capturing exposure risk across most POI categories. The study concludes that CDRs, in conjunction with weighted PageRank, can effectively estimate spatio-temporal exposure risk, aiding decision-makers in implementing informed interventions to mitigate disease spread.
Beyond stable alliances: uncertainty at the dawn of Trump’s second act
Authors: Wiedekind Jakob , Böller Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Donald Trump’s successful bid for the White House in 2024, combined with the Republican Party’s unified control of Congress and a solid conservative majority on the Supreme Court, underscores a stark reality: the second coming of “Trumpism” may be more relentless than the first. While Trump’s initial presidency from 2017 to 2021 introduced a disruptive “America First” paradigm that already led to far-spread uncertainty in International Relations, his return now carries the force of unrestrained partisan alignment across all branches of the federal government. His return also buries any hopes in Europe for the US to pursue its traditional foreign policy role any time soon. This configuration has far-reaching implications for the global stage, sowing a profound sense of uncertainty among allies and partners, especially in Europe.
F-t joint distributions on real Siegel domains
Authors: Inoue Hiroto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In statistics, the homogeneous cones are considered as the general parameter spaces for variance matrices related with the graphical models. For the argument of probability distributions, the Wishart distributions are defined based on the analysis of homogeneous cones, as the image of the normal distributions by quadratic maps. Now, the parameter space of pairs of variance matrix and mean vector is identified with more general homogeneous domain, called the real Siegel domain. In the present work, we consider random variables valued in the real Siegel domain associated with the quadratic map of homogeneous cone, and derive their probability density functions via the transformation group. This derivation is also based on the analysis on homogeneous cones including the gamma and beta functions due to Gindikin. We call our result the F-t joint distribution on the real Siegel domain, since its marginal distributions give an extension of the F and t-distributions in 1-dimensional case. Especially, it enables us to describe a joint estimation and a simultaneous hypothesis testing for the pair of parameters of normal distribution.