bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pixel Centroid Characterization with Laser Speckle and Application to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Detector Arrays
Authors: Hirata Christopher M. , Merchant Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will use its wide-field instrument to carry out a suite of sky surveys in the near-infrared. Several of the science objectives of these surveys, such as the measurement of the growth of cosmic structure using weak gravitational lensing, require exquisite control of instrument-related distortions of the images of astronomical objects. Roman will fly new large-format (4 × 4 k) Teledyne H4RG-10 infrared detector arrays. This paper investigates whether the pixel centroids are located on a regular grid by projecting laser speckle patterns through a double slit aperture onto a non-flight detector array. We develop a method to reconstruct the pixel centroid offsets from the stochastic speckle pattern. Due to the orientation of the test setup, only x-offsets are measured here. We test the method both on simulations, and by injecting artificial offsets into the real images. We use cross-correlations of the reconstructions from different speckle realizations to determine how much of the variance in the pixel offset maps is signal (fixed to the detector) and how much is noise. After performing this reconstruction on 64 × 64 pixel patches, and fitting out the best-fit linear mapping from pixel index to position, we find that there are residual centroid offsets in the x (column) direction from a regular grid of 0.0107 pixels rms (excluding shifts of an entire row relative to another, which our speckle patterns cannot constrain). This decreases to 0.0097 pix rms if we consider residuals from a quadratic rather than linear mapping. These rms offsets include both the physical pixel offsets, as well as any apparent offsets due to crosstalk and remaining systematic errors in the reconstruction. We comment on the advantages and disadvantages of speckle scene measurements as a tool for characterizing the pixel-level behavior in astronomical detectors.
Multiqudit quantum hashing and its implementation based on orbital angular momentum encoding
Authors: Akat’ev D O , Vasiliev A V , Shafeev N M , Ablayev F M , Kalachev A A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new version of quantum hashing technique is developed wherein a quantum hash is constructed as a sequence of single-photon high-dimensional states (qudits). A proof-of-principle implementation of the high-dimensional quantum hashing protocol using orbital-angular momentum encoding of single photons is implemented. It is shown that the number of qudits decreases with increase of their dimension for an optimal ratio between collision probability and decoding probability of the hash. Thus, increasing dimension of information carriers makes quantum hashing with single photons more efficient.
A perspective on plant robotics: from bioinspiration to hybrid systems
Authors: Meder Fabian , Baytekin Bilge , Del Dottore Emanuela , Meroz Yasmine , Tauber Falk , Walker Ian , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As miscellaneous as the Plant Kingdom is, correspondingly diverse are the opportunities for taking inspiration from plants for innovations in science and engineering. Especially in robotics, properties like growth, adaptation to environments, ingenious materials, sustainability, and energy-effectiveness of plants provide an extremely rich source of inspiration to develop new technologies—and many of them are still in the beginning of being discovered. In the last decade, researchers have begun to reproduce complex plant functions leading to functionality that goes far beyond conventional robotics and this includes sustainability, resource saving, and eco-friendliness. This perspective drawn by specialists in different related disciplines provides a snapshot from the last decade of research in the field and draws conclusions on the current challenges, unanswered questions on plant functions, plant-inspired robots, bioinspired materials, and plant-hybrid systems looking ahead to the future of these research fields.
Ambient fine particulate matter and ozone pollution in China: synergy in anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes
Authors: Jiang Yueqi , Wang Shuxiao , Xing Jia , Zhao Bin , Li Shengyue , Chang Xing , Zhang Shuping , Dong Zhaoxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since 2013, China has taken a series of actions to relieve serious PM2.5 pollution. As a result, the annual PM2.5 concentration decreased by more than 50% from 2013 to 2021. However, ozone pollution has become more pronounced, especially in the North China Plain. Here, we review the impacts of anthropogenic emissions, meteorology, and atmospheric processes on ambient PM2.5 loading and components and O3 pollution in China. The reported influence of interannual meteorological changes on PM2.5 and O3 pollution during 2013–2019 ranged from 10%–20% and 20%–40%, respectively. During the same period, the anthropogenic emissions of NO
x
, SO2, primary PM2.5, NMVOC and NH3 are estimated to decrease by 38%, 51%, 35%, 11% and 17%, respectively. Such emission reduction is the main cause for the decrease in PM2.5 concentration across China. However, the imbalanced reductions in various precursors also result in the variation in nitrate gas-particle partitioning and hence an increase in the nitrate fraction in PM2.5. The increase of ozone concentration and the enhancement of atmospheric oxidation capacity can also have substantial impact on the secondary components of PM2.5, which partly explained the growth of organic aerosols during haze events and the COVID-19 shutdown period. The uneven reduction in NO
x
and NMVOC is suggested to be the most important reason for the rapid O3 increase after 2013. In addition, the decrease in PM2.5 may also have affected O3 formation via radiation effects and heterogeneous reactions. Moreover, climate change is expected to influence both anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes. However, the extent and pathways of the PM2.5-O3 interplay and how it will be impacted by the changing emission and atmospheric conditions making the synergetic control of PM2.5 and O3 difficult. Further research on the interaction of PM2.5 and O3 is needed to provide basis for a scientifically-grounded and effective co-control strategy.
Sustainability of fresh groundwater resources in fifteen major deltas around the world
Authors: van Engelen J , Essink G H P Oude , Bierkens M F P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Population growth, urbanization and intensification of irrigated agriculture in the world’s deltas boost the demand for fresh water, with extensive groundwater extraction as a result. This, in turn, leads to salt water intrusion and upconing, which poses a threat to freshwater and food security. Managing fresh groundwater resources in deltas requires accurate knowledge about the current status and behaviour of their fresh groundwater resources. However, this knowledge is scarcely present, especially for groundwater at larger depths. Here, we use three-dimensional variable-density groundwater model simulations over the last 125 ka to estimate the volume of fresh groundwater resources for 15 major deltas around the world. We estimate current volumes of onshore fresh groundwater resources for individual deltas to vary between 1010 m3 and 1012 m3. Offshore, the estimated volumes of fresh groundwater are generally smaller, though with a considerably higher variability. In 9 out of 15 simulated deltas, fresh groundwater volumes developed over thousands of years. Based on current groundwater extraction and recharge rates, we estimate the time until in-situ fresh groundwater resources are completely exhausted, partly leading to groundwater level decline and mostly replacement with river water or saline groundwater. This straightforward analysis shows that 4 out of 15 deltas risk complete exhaustion of fresh groundwater resources within 300 m depth in 200 years. These deltas also suffer from saline surface water which means their groundwater resources will progressively salinize. With a fourfold increase in extraction rates, seven deltas risk a complete exhaustion within 200 years. Of these seven deltas, six suffer from saline surface water. We stress that the groundwater of these six vulnerable deltas should be carefully managed, to avoid non-renewable groundwater use. The progressive exhaustion of fresh groundwater resources in these deltas will hamper their ability to withstand periods of water scarcity.
Mixed-phase regime cloud thinning could help restore sea ice
Authors: Villanueva D , Possner A , Neubauer D , Gasparini B , Lohmann U , Tesche M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cloud geoengineering approaches aim to mitigate global warming by seeding aerosols into clouds to change their radiative properties and ocurrence frequency. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can enhance droplet freezing in clouds, reducing their water content. Until now, the potential of these particles has been mainly studied for weather modification and cirrus cloud thinning. Here, using a cloud-resolving model and a climate model we show that INPs could decrease the heat-trapping effect of mixed-phase regime clouds over the polar oceans during winter, slowing down sea-ice melting and partially offsetting the ice-albedo feedback. We refer to this concept as mixed-phase regime cloud thinning (MCT). We estimate that MCT could offset about 25% of the expected increase in polar sea-surface temperature due to the doubling of CO2. This is accompanied by an annual increase in sea-ice surface area of 8% around the Arctic, and 14% around Antarctica.
On a family of coupled diffusions that can never change their initial order
Authors: Mengütürk Levent Ali , Mengütürk Murat Cahit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce a real-valued family of interacting diffusions where their paths can meet but cannot cross each other in a way that would alter their initial order. Any given interacting pair is a solution to coupled stochastic differential equations with time-dependent coefficients satisfying certain regularity conditions with respect to each other. These coefficients explicitly determine whether these processes bounce away from each other or stick to one another if/when their paths collide. When all interacting diffusions in the system follow a martingale behaviour, and if all these paths ultimately come into collision, we show that the system reaches a random steady-state with zero fluctuation thereafter. We prove that in a special case when certain paths abide to a deterministic trend, the system reduces down to the topology of captive diffusions. We also show that square-root diffusions form a subclass of the proposed family of processes. Applications include order-driven interacting particle systems in physics, adhesive microbial dynamics in biology and risk-bounded quadratic optimization solutions in control theory.
Experimental investigation of dynamic stall flow control using a microsecond-pulsed plasma actuator
Authors: XU Zeyang , WU Bin , GAO Chao , WANG Na , JIA Tianhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To alleviate the performance deterioration caused by dynamic stall of a wind turbine airfoil, the flow control by a microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (MP-DBD) actuator on the dynamic stall of a periodically pitching NACA0012 airfoil was investigated experimentally. Unsteady pressure measurements with high temporal accuracy were employed in this study, and the unsteady characteristics of the boundary layer were investigated by wavelet packet analysis and the moving root mean square method based on the acquired pressure. The experimental Mach number was 0.2, and the chord-based Reynolds number was 870 000. The dimensionless actuation frequencies F
+ were chosen to be 0.5, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For the light dynamic regime, the MP-DBD plasma actuator plays the role of suppressing flow separation from the trial edge and accelerating the flow reattachment due to the high-momentum freestream flow being entrained into the boundary layer. Meanwhile, actuation effects were promoted with the increasing dimensionless actuation frequency F
+. The control effects of the deep dynamic stall were to delay the onset and reduce the strength of the dynamic stall vortex due to the accumulating vorticity near the leading edge being removed by the induced coherent vortex structures. The laminar fluctuation and Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instabilities of transition and relaminarization were also mitigated by the MP-DBD actuation, and the alleviated K-H rolls led to the delay of the transition onset and earlier laminar reattachment, which improved the hysteresis effect of the dynamic stall. For the controlled cases of F
+ = 2, and F
+ = 3, the laminar fluctuation was replaced by relatively low frequency band disturbances corresponding to the harmonic responses of the MP-DBD actuation frequency.
Ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer based reliable 1T1R RRAM electronic synapses with low power consumption for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Yankun , Luo Ren , Wang Jianjian , Ji Lanlong , Jiang Zhuangde , Wenger Christian , Song Zhitang , Song Sannian , Ren Wei , Bi Jinshun , Niu Gang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neuromorphic computing requires highly reliable and low power consumption electronic synapses. Complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible HfO2 based memristors are a strong candidate despite of challenges like non-optimized material engineering and device structures. We report here CMOS integrated 1-transistor-1-resistor (1T1R) electronic synapses with ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer stacks (<5.5 nm) with high-performances. The layer thicknesses were optimized using statistically extensive electrical studies and the optimized HfO2(3 nm)/ Al2O3(1.5 nm) sample shows the high reliability of 600 DC cycles, the low Set voltage of ∼0.15 V and the low operation current of ∼6 µA. Electron transport mechanisms under cycling operation of single-layer HfO2 and bilayer HfO2/Al2O3 samples were compared, and it turned out that the inserted thin Al2O3 layer results in stable ionic conduction. Compared to the single layer HfO2 stack with almost the same thickness, the superiorities of HfO2/Al2O3 1T1R resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices in electronic synapse were thoroughly clarified, such as better DC analog switching and continuous conductance distribution in a larger regulated range (0–700 µS). Using the proposed bilayer HfO2/Al2O3 devices, a recognition accuracy of 95.6% of MNIST dataset was achieved. These results highlight the promising role of the ultrathin HfO2/Al2O3 bilayer RRAM devices in the application of high-performance neuromorphic computing.
The sharp Hardy–Moser–Trudinger inequality in dimension 𝑛
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoang 
Published: November 2022

Wang and Ye [Adv. Math. 230 (2012), pp. 294–320] prove a Hardy–Moser–Trudinger inequality in dimension two which improves both the classical Moser–Trudinger inequality and the classical Hardy inequality in the unit disc. In this paper, we generalize their result both to the higher dimensional unit ball and to the singular weighted cases as well. More precisely, we prove that
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\sup _{\substack {u\in W^{1,n}_0(\mathbb {B}^n),\\ \int _{\mathbb {B}^n} |\nabla u|^n dx -\left (\frac {2(n-1)}n\right )^n \int _{\mathbb {B}^n} \frac {|u|^n}{(1-|x|^2)^n} dx \leq 1}}\int _{\mathbb {B}^n} e^{(1-\frac \beta n)\alpha _n |u|^{\frac n{n-1}}} |x|^{-\beta } dx \leq C

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dimensional unit sphere. The proof of Wang and Ye is based on the blow-up analysis method which seems not work in the higher dimensions. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on the method of transplantation of Green’s functions to prove our inequality. As a consequence, we obtain a singular Moser–Trudinger inequality in the hyperbolic spaces which confirms affirmatively a conjecture by Mancini, Sandeep and Tintarev [Adv. Nonlinear Anal., 2 (2013), pp. 309–324].
Impact of switching from the 2009 to the 2021 CKD-EPI Equation for eGFR
Authors: Bailey Cedric , Farnsworth Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent national and international guidelines have recommended implementing the 2021 CKD-EPI equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Relative to the 2009 CKD-EPI equation, the 2021 equation eliminates race-based modifiers in the calculation of eGFR based on a remodeling of the original CKD-EPI dataset. Further, updated guidelines now recommend integrating Cystatin C as a confirmatory test in all patients with an eGFR between 45-59 mL/min/1.73m2. Here we assess the impact of switching from the 2009 CKD-EPI creatinine-based equation to the 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine-based equation on both non-black and black populations and assess the feasibility of implementing a reflex for Cystatin C on all patients with an eGFR between 45-59 mL/min/1.73m2. The laboratory information system was queried retrospectively from 11/01/2021 to 12/31/2021 for age, sex, self-identified ethnicity, and serum creatinine concentrations from basic/comprehensive metabolic panels and renal panels. Slope and linearity of the reported eGFR with the 2009 and 2021 equations were compared using Deming regression and Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the proportion of eGFR results &lt;30 ml/min/1.73m2 and between 45-59 ml/min/1.73m2. Of the 64,657 serum creatinine values, 37,589 were from self-identifying non-black patients and 27,068 were from self-identifying black patients. Deming regression revealed a slope of 0.997 (95% CI; 0.997-0.998) and intercept of 2.69 (2.65-2.74) for the non-black population and a slope of 0.863 (0.862-0.864) and intercept of 2.451 (2.39-2.51) for the black population. The number of non-black individuals with an eGFR &lt;30 mL/min/1.73m2 decreased 5622 to 5060 (p&lt;0.001) and black patients increased from 4018 to 4387 (p&lt;0.001). The number of non-black individuals with an eGFR in the range of 45-59 ml/min/1.73m2 increased marginally from 4,410 (11.7%) to 4,525(12.0%, p=0.19) and the number of black individuals increased from 2,501 (9.2%) to 3,299 (12.2%, p&lt;0.001). If a Cystatin C reflex test was performed on all patients with an eGFR between 45-59 mL/min/1.73m2, 2325 assays would have been performed on out-patients and 5499 on in-patients. These results, in the context of recently updated guidelines imply that the changing from the 2009 CKD-EPI equation to the 2021 CKD-EPI equation is likely to increase the proportion of black individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe and severe loss of kidney function more so than the non-black populations. Implementation of a Cystatin C reflex on all patients with an eGFR between 45-59 mL/min/1.73m2 is likely to lead to considerable overuse and should be limited to out-patients and physician ordered tests.
An Investigation into Occupational Related Stress of At-Risk Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Gerding Thomas , Davis Kermit G , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesNearly all workers and industry sectors have been affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in some form since March 2020. However, the pandemic-related stressors experienced in the workplace may vary from industry to industry and may have disproportionally affected some workers. This study investigates increased stress levels, stressor events, and other perceptions of stress from at-risk workers during COVID-19.MethodsAn in-depth work-related stress survey that incorporated many aspects of work, life, work-life balance, and the health of employer-employee relationships was developed with a focus on COVID-19-related stressors. The cross-sectional survey was distributed online through professional networks from October to November 2021. The survey results were statically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after grouping the industry sectors into the four groups to determine trends within these groupings.ResultsThe survey was completed by 670 workers in sectors such as manual labor, business/office service, healthcare, and education. A variety of trends were determined between the occurrence of COVID-19 and work stress which had, in some cases, affected some industry sectors to a larger degree than others. More than 50% of the participants reported experiencing an increased workload since the onset of the pandemic with some sectors, like healthcare, reporting an increased workload more frequently at 80%. Around 55% of respondents believed they could be exposed to COVID-19 in their workplace, ranging from 52% of business/office service workers to 77% of healthcare workers.ConclusionsAs workplaces navigate past the pandemic, occupational stress should be addressed head-on through workplaces providing expanded resources so as to assure work stress associated with future pandemics are mitigated appropriately. Whether the stressor is associated with irregular shift work or psychosocial aspects (i.e. relying on coworkers), many of these stressors have the possibility to become exacerbated by external factors such as pandemics.
Evaluation of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Whole Exome and Genome Sequencing
Authors: Akkad Neha , Kodgule Rohan , Duncavage Eric J , Mehta-Shah Neha , Spencer David H , Watkins Marcus , Shirai Cara , Myckatyn Terence M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare malignancy originating from the periprosthetic capsule of a textured, most often macrotextured, breast implant. Identified in women whose indications for breast implants can be either aesthetic or reconstructive, the genomic underpinnings of this disease are only beginning to be elucidated.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the exomes, and in some cases the entire genome, of patients with BIA-ALCL. Specific attention was paid to copy number alterations, chromosomal translocations, and other genomic abnormalities overrepresented in patients with BIA-ALCL.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 6 patients, and whole-genome sequencing on 3 patients, with the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. Data were analyzed with the Illumina DRAGEN Bio-IT Platform and the ChromoSeq pipeline. The Pathseq Genome Analysis Toolkit pipeline was used to detect the presence of microbial genomes in the sequenced samples.

Results
Two cases with STAT3 mutations and 2 cases with NRAS mutations were noted. A critically deleted 7-Mb region was identified at the 11q22.3 region of chromosome 11, and multiple nonrecurrent chromosomal rearrangements were identified by whole-genome sequencing. Recurrent gene-level rearrangements, however, were not identified. None of the samples showed evidence of potential microbial pathogens.

Conclusions
Although no recurrent mutations were identified, this study identified mutations in genes not previously reported with BIA-ALCL or other forms of ALCL. Furthermore, not previously reported with BIA-ALCL, 11q22.3 deletions were consistent across whole-genome sequencing cases and present in some exomes.

Level of Evidence: 5