bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biomechanical-based approach to scale blast-induced molecular changes in the brain
Authors: Rubio Jose E. , Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Sajja Venkata Siva Sai Sujith , Van Albert Stephen , Rossetti Franco , Frock Andrew , Nguyen Giang , Sundaramurthy Aravind , Long Joseph B. , Reifman Jaques 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal studies provide valuable insights on how the interaction of blast waves with the head may injure the brain. However, there is no acceptable methodology to scale the findings from animals to humans. Here, we propose an experimental/computational approach to project observed blast-induced molecular changes in the rat brain to the human brain. Using a shock tube, we exposed rats to a range of blast overpressures (BOPs) and used a high-fidelity computational model of a rat head to correlate predicted biomechanical responses with measured changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat brain tissues. Our analyses revealed correlates between model-predicted strain rate and measured GFAP changes in three brain regions. Using these correlates and a high-fidelity computational model of a human head, we determined the equivalent BOPs in rats and in humans that induced similar strain rates across the two species. We used the equivalent BOPs to project the measured GFAP changes in the rat brain to the human. Our results suggest that, relative to the rat, the human requires an exposure to a blast wave of a higher magnitude to elicit similar brain-tissue responses. Our proposed methodology could assist in the development of safety guidelines for blast exposure.
Numerical simulation of 3D Darcy–Forchheimer fluid flow with the energy and mass transfer over an irregular permeable surface
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alrihieli Haifaa F. , Saeed Anwar , Alduais Fuad S. , Hayat Asif Ullah , Kumam Poom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Jeffrey fluid model is capable of accurately characterizing the stress relaxation behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, which a normal viscous fluid model is unable to perform. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive investigation into the effects of MHD and thermal radiation on the 3D Jeffery fluid flow over a permeable irregular stretching surface. The consequences of the Darcy effect, variable thickness and chemical reaction are also considered. The phenomena have been modeled as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using similarity substitution, the modeled equations are reduced to a dimensionless system of ODEs. The parametric continuation method (PCM) is used to determine the numerical solution to the obtained sets of nonlinear differential equations. The impact of physical parameters on temperature, velocity and mass profiles are presented through Figures and Tables. It has been noticed that the energy profile magnifies with the increment of porosity term, thermal radiation and heat source term, while diminishing with the flourishing upshot of power index and Deborah number. Furthermore, the porosity term and wall thickness parameter enhance the skin friction.
X-ray attenuation of bone, soft and adipose tissue in CT from 70 to 140 kV and comparison with 3D printable additive manufacturing materials
Authors: Ma Xiangjie , Figl Michael , Unger Ewald , Buschmann Martin , Homolka Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing and 3D printing are widely used in medical imaging to produce phantoms for image quality optimization, imaging protocol definition, comparison of image quality between different imaging systems, dosimetry, and quality control. Anthropomorphic phantoms mimic tissues and contrasts in real patients with regard to X-ray attenuation, as well as dependence on X-ray spectra. If used with different X-ray energies, or to optimize the spectrum for a certain procedure, the energy dependence of the attenuation must replicate the corresponding energy dependence of the tissues mimicked, or at least be similar. In the latter case the materials’ Hounsfield values need to be known exactly to allow to correct contrast and contrast to noise ratios accordingly for different beam energies. Fresh bovine and porcine tissues including soft and adipose tissues, and hard tissues from soft spongious bone to cortical bone were scanned at different energies, and reference values of attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) determined. Mathematical model equations describing CT number dependence on kV for bones of arbitrary density, and for adipose tissues are derived. These data can be used to select appropriate phantom constituents, compare CT values with arbitrary phantom materials, and calculate correction factors for phantoms consisting of materials with an energy dependence different to the tissues. Using data on a wide number of additive manufacturing and 3D printing materials, CT numbers and their energy dependence were compared to those of the tissues. Two commercially available printing filaments containing calcium carbonate powder imitate bone tissues with high accuracy at all kV values. Average adipose tissue can be duplicated by several off-the-shelf printing polymers. Since suitable printing materials typically exhibit a too high density for the desired attenuation of especially soft tissues, controlled density reduction by underfilling might improve tissue equivalence.
Insulin sensitivity is associated with the observed variation of de novo lipid synthesis and body composition in finishing pigs
Authors: Salgado Hector Hernando , Pomar Candido , Palin Marie-France , Lapierre Hélène , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Cant John P. , Remus Aline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVariations in body composition among pigs can be associated with insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect. The study objectives were to characterize this association and to compare de novo lipogenesis and the gene expression in the adipose tissue of pigs of the same genetic background. Thirty 30–95 kg of body weight (BW) pigs, catheterized in the jugular vein participated into an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g glucose/kg of BW) to calculate insulin-related indexes. The 8 fattest and the 8 leanest pigs were used to determine the relative mRNA abundance of studied genes. The rate of lipogenesis was assessed by incorporation of [U-13C]glucose into lipids. The QUICKI and Matsuda indexes negatively correlated with total body lipids (r =  − 0.67 and r =  − 0.59; P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (r =  − 0.58; P < 0.01). Fat pigs had a higher expression level of lipogenic enzymes (ACACA, ACLY; P < 0.05) than lean pigs. The reduced insulin sensitivity in fat pigs was associated with a higher expression level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and a lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). In conclusion, pigs with increased body lipids have lower insulin sensitivity which is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis.
A shared numerical magnitude representation evidenced by the distance effect in frequency-tagging EEG
Authors: Marlair Cathy , Crollen Virginie , Lochy Aliette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHumans can effortlessly abstract numerical information from various codes and contexts. However, whether the access to the underlying magnitude information relies on common or distinct brain representations remains highly debated. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses to periodic variation of numerosity (every five items) occurring in rapid streams of numbers presented at 6 Hz in randomly varying codes—Arabic digits, number words, canonical dot patterns and finger configurations. Results demonstrated that numerical information was abstracted and generalized over the different representation codes by revealing clear discrimination responses (at 1.2 Hz) of the deviant numerosity from the base numerosity, recorded over parieto-occipital electrodes. Crucially, and supporting the claim that discrimination responses reflected magnitude processing, the presentation of a deviant numerosity distant from the base (e.g., base “2” and deviant “8”) elicited larger right-hemispheric responses than the presentation of a close deviant numerosity (e.g., base “2” and deviant “3”). This finding nicely represents the neural signature of the distance effect, an interpretation further reinforced by the clear correlation with individuals’ behavioral performance in an independent numerical comparison task. Our results therefore provide for the first time unambiguously a reliable and specific neural marker of a magnitude representation that is shared among several numerical codes.
EpICC: A Bayesian neural network model with uncertainty correction for a more accurate classification of cancer
Authors: Joshi Prasoon , Dhar Riddhiman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate classification of cancers into their types and subtypes holds the key for choosing the right treatment strategy and can greatly impact patient well-being. However, existence of large-scale variations in the molecular processes driving even a single type of cancer can make accurate classification a challenging problem. Therefore, improved and robust methods for classification are absolutely critical. Although deep learning-based methods for cancer classification have been proposed earlier, they all provide point estimates for predictions without any measure of confidence and thus, can fall short in real-world applications where key decisions are to be made based on the predictions of the classifier. Here we report a Bayesian neural network-based model for classification of cancer types as well as sub-types from transcriptomic data. This model reported a measure of confidence with each prediction through analysis of epistemic uncertainty. We incorporated an uncertainty correction step with the Bayesian network-based model to greatly enhance prediction accuracy of cancer types (> 97% accuracy) and sub-types (> 80%). Our work suggests that reporting uncertainty measure with each classification can enable more accurate and informed decision-making that can be highly valuable in clinical settings.
Resonant signals in the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling
Authors: Chen Chieh-Hung , Sun Yang-Yi , Zhang Xuemin , Gao Yongxin , Wang Fei , Lin Kai , Tang Chi‑Chia , Huang Rong , Xu Rui , Liu Jing , Wang Yali , Chen Cong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA study in the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere (LAI) coupling often troubles scientists due to a certain distance between distinct instruments, which monitor geophysical parameters in different spheres. An instrumental system was established in southwest China (Leshan; LESH) for monitoring vibrations and perturbations in LAI (MVP-LAI). A ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver at the YADU station locates ~ 260 km away that continuously receives electromagnetic signals transmitted from the BeiDou navigation System (BDS) geostationary satellites to monitor the total electron content (TEC) at the ionospheric pierce point right over the MVP-LAI system. The employment of YADU TEC benefits in elimination of possible shaking effects happening on multiple instruments at the LESH station and mitigation the troubles due to the discrepancy in observation places. Through a stacking process on the retrieved data for increase of signal to noise ratios, a novel phenomenon of the resonant LAI coupling at a fundamental mode of ~ 3.4 mHz and its multiples persists in ground vibrations, atmospheric pressure and TEC retrieved from the MVP-LAI system and the YADU station. The retrieved data share frequencies during the operational period of 1.5 months that is irrelevant to obvious events in the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere. The persistence of the resonant LAI coupling is essential in the Earth’s system.
Near-digital amplification in paper improves sensitivity and speed in biplexed reactions
Authors: Shah Kamal G. , Kumar Sujatha , Yager Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe simplest point-of-care assays are usually paper and plastic devices that detect proteins or nucleic acids at low cost and minimal user steps, albeit with poor limits of detection. Digital assays improve limits of detection and analyte quantification by splitting a sample across many wells (or droplets), preventing diffusion, and performing analyte amplification and detection in multiple small wells. However, truly digital nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) require costly consumable cartridges that are precisely manufactured, aligned, and operated to enable low detection limits. In this study, we demonstrate how to implement near-digital NAATs in low-cost porous media while approaching the low limits of detection of digital assays. The near-digital NAAT was enabled by a paper membrane containing lyophilized amplification reagents that automatically, passively meters and distributes a sample over a wide area. Performing a NAAT in the paper membrane while allowing diffusion captures many of the benefits of digital NAATs if the pad is imaged at a high spatial resolution during amplification. We show that the near-digital NAAT is compatible with a low-cost paper and plastic disposable cartridge coupled to a 2-layer rigid printed circuit board heater (the MD NAAT platform). We also demonstrate compatibility with biplexing and imaging with mobile phones with different camera sensors. We show that the near-digital NAAT increased signal-to-noise ratios by ~ 10×, improved limits of detection from above 103 copies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA to between 100 and 316 copies in a biplexed reaction containing 105 copies of co-amplifying internal amplification control DNA, and reduced time-to-result from 45 min of amplification to 15–20 min for the positive samples.
Rheology of electromagnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a stretching riga surface featuring dufour effect and activation energy
Authors: Asogwa Kanayo Kenneth , Goud B. Shankar , Shah Nehad Ali , Yook Se-Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present model deals with the consequence of Dufour, activation energy, and generation of heat on electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid via a stretching sheet. This offers a broad significance in several engineering fields. With adequate similarity variables, the regulating governing equations of PDEs are renovated into nonlinear ODEs. The numerical output of the produced ordinary differential equations is conducted with MATLAB bvp4c. The influence of increasing features on temperature, velocity, concentration patterns, drag force coefficient, Sherwood number and Nusselt number is depicted graphically and numerically. Hence, the resultant conclusions are confirmed utilising contrast with earlier output. Interestingly, the activation energy retards the nanofluid's tangential hyperbolic concentration distribution and the rise in temperature of the hyperbolic tangential nanofluid flow is traceable to an increase in the Dufour effect, However, the electromagnetohydrodynamic variable increases the velocity distribution, which influences the Power law index. Conclusively, the rate of heat transfer is inhibited when the thermophoresis parameter, heat source and the Weissenberg number are enhanced.
Multi‐zonal method for cascading failure analyses in large interconnected power systems
Authors: Stankovski Andrej , Gjorgiev Blazhe , Sansavini Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost cascading failure analysis methods successfully capture cascading developments within one control zone, or region comprised of multiple control zones, controlled by a single transmission system operator (TSO). They neglect, however, the operations of multi‐zonal systems. To bridge this gap, the authors introduce the multi‐zonal method for cascading failure analyses of large interconnected power systems. The method accounts for all control zones in a multi‐zonal system, assesses their power flows, re‐evaluates the system topology after disturbances and applies frequency balancing measures in each control zone independently, thus effectively simulating the actions of multiple TSOs. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, a case study is investigated which compares the security benefits of the multi‐zonal (national) versus the single‐zone (regional) frequency balancing methods in a multi‐zonal system. The application to the IEEE 118‐bus test system shows that the regional approach increases the security of this system in small and medium cascades, whose expected demand not served is reduced by 28% and 26%, respectively, in comparison to the national approach. However, the expected load shedding for large‐scale cascading events in the regional approach is 42 times as large as in the national approach. This is mainly caused by overloads occurring in transmission lines adjacent to the cross‐zonal tie lines, which are 154% higher with the regional method compared to the national in large cascading events. The capability to identify congestions is presented by devising an upgrading strategy, which makes the regional frequency balancing approach viable from a security aspect.
An infrared image detection of power equipment based on super‐resolution reconstruction and YOLOv4
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Li Xianglei , Zhou Yibo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfrared imaging technology is widely used in the fault diagnosis of power equipment. The power equipment images obtained by infrared thermal cameras generally have the characteristics of low resolution, low contrast, similar geometric features, and complex image backgrounds. The traditional infrared image detection methods have problems of low detection accuracy, low real‐time performance, and missed and fault detection, all of which will lead to great difficulties in the automatic identification process of infrared images of power equipment. This paper adopted an algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4 to realize the detection of electrical equipment under infrared images. First of all, the authors utilized the Fast Super‐Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (FSRCNN) algorithm to perform super‐resolution reconstruction on the infrared images of power equipment to achieve image enhancement. Moreover, the lightweight network Mobilenetv3 was selected as the backbone network of YOLOv4 to improve the running speed by reducing network parameters. Finally, the performance of the YOLOv4 algorithm was compared to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had strong generalization ability and reliable detection of infrared targets of various types of power equipment, with the mean average precision (mAP) reaching 91.3%.
Postoperative Mobilisierung und Belastung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen
Authors: Bredow Jan , Oikonomidis Stavros , Eysel Peer 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie postoperative Mobilisierung, Belastung und physiotherapeutische Behandlung ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Therapie von lumbalen Pathologien. Insbesondere physiotherapeutische und rehabilitative Behandlungen werden für die Verbesserung der klinischen Ergebnisse nach lumbalen spinalen operativen Eingriffen durchgeführt. Mehrere Studien haben den Einfluss der postoperativen Behandlung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen untersucht. Die postoperative Behandlung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäulenoperationen wird allerdings bis heute nicht einheitlich durchgeführt. Der Anfang der physiotherapeutischen Behandlung nach dem Eingriff, die Dauer, Form und Intensität der physiotherapeutischen Behandlungen variieren in der internationalen Literatur. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist Empfehlungen für die postoperative Behandlung von drei verschiedenen lumbalen spinalen Eingriffen (lumbale Bandscheibenoperation, lumbale stabilitätserhaltende Dekompressionsoperation und lumbale Fusionsoperation) in Bezug auf die Mobilisierung, Belastung und Rehabilitation anhand der aktuellen Studienlage und Erfahrung aus der eigenen Institution auszusprechen.
Postoperatives Drainage- und Wundmanagement nach Wirbelsäuleneingriffen
Authors: Scheyerer Max J , Lenz Maximilian , Egenolf Philipp , Pumberger Matthias , Schnake Klaus John , Bredow Jan , Eysel Peer 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungChirurgische Eingriffe sind mittlerweile etablierte Behandlungsoptionen für eine Reihe von Pathologien der Wirbelsäulen. Vor allem in der in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Zahl der Operationen in diesem Bereich erheblich zugenommen und damit die Anzahl der möglichen perioperativen Komplikationen. Hämatome und Wundheilungsstörungen müssen in diesem Zusammenhang besonders hervorgehoben werden. Der effektivste Weg diese zu vermeiden liegt in der Primärprävention, wobei in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Wahl der postoperativen Wunddrainage und das Wundmanagement diskutiert werden müssen. Die derzeitige Literatur rechtfertigt den routinemäßigen Einsatz von Drainagen bei thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen nicht und auch die Art des Wundmanagements scheint von untergeordneter Bedeutung zu sein. Hervorzuheben ist lediglich, dass ein ausreichend feuchtes Milieu vorhanden ist. Ebenso sollten frühe und zu häufige Verbandswechsel vermieden werden, um eine Kontamination zu vermeiden. Weitere wichtige Punkte im Zusammenhang mit der Vermeidung postoperativer Wundkomplikationen ist der adäquate chirurgischer Wundverschluss, die schnelle Mobilisierung sowie die korrekte Lagerung des Patienten.
Postoperatives Komplikationsmanagement nach Wirbelsäuleneingriffen: das postoperative Delir
Authors: Sircar Krishnan , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDas postoperative Delir nach wirbelsäulenchirurgischen Eingriffen stellt eine häufige und schwerwiegende Komplikation dar. Die genaue Kenntnis von Risikofaktoren - wie z.B. ein vorangegangenes Delir, kognitive Einschränkungen, Einnahme delirogener Medikamente und Alkoholismus – hilft, Risikopatienten präoperativ zu identifizieren. Präventionsstrategien schließen nehmen der Prähabilitation (in erster Linie Verbesserung des Ernährungszustandes), das Ab- bzw. Umsetzen delirogener Medikamente, die strenge Indikationsstellung zu größeren operativen Eingriffen und das perioperative Blutungsmanagement ein. Standardisierte Tests erleichtern die postoperative Detektion eines Delirs. Bei der Behandlung steht die nicht-medikamentöse Therapie im Vordergrund. Sie schließt insbesondere die Kontinuierliche (Re)-Orientierung, Reizabschirmung, Homöostase, Schlafhygiene, rasche Mobilisierung und adäquate Therapie von Schmerzen und Infekten ein. Ist eine medikamentöse Therapie zusätzlich notwendig, empfiehlt sich Melperon oder Pipamperon für das hyperaktive Delir und Haloperidol bei starken Halluzinationen.
Oxone-Promoted Cyclization/Hydrolysis of 1,5-Enenitriles Initiated via Direct C(sp3)–H Oxidative Functionalization: Access to Pyrrolidine-2,4-diones
Authors: Lei Ke-Wei , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen-Ting , Guan Yu-Tao , Li Jiao-Zhe , Cai Xue-Er , Hu Sen-Jie , Zhang Jun-Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel method for assembling pyrrolidine-2,4-diones from 1,5-enenitriles and acetone/acetonitrile via a cyclization/hydrolysis has been established under metal-catalyst- and base-free conditions, with Oxone as a green oxidant and H2O as an additive at 90–110 ℃. This strategy is highlighted by cyclization/hydrolysis of alkyl cyanides, achieving direct C(sp3)–H oxidative functionalization, and giving full conversion of the substrates with excellent functional group compatibility.