bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a focused echocardiographic training program in first opinion practice
Authors: Dickson David , Harris Joanne , Chang Chia‐Hsuan , Patteson Mark , Hezzell Melanie J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe EPIC study defines criteria, including echocardiographic assessments of left atrial to aortic ratio (LA: Ao) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized for body weight (LVIDdN), for dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) likely to benefit from pimobendan therapy. Access to echocardiography by a cardiologist is not universally available.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCompletion of a focused echocardiographic training program would result in accurate identification of dogs fulfilling the EPIC criteria by primary care veterinarians (PC).ParticipantsSix PCs with no previous echocardiographic experience.MethodsProspective diagnostic test accuracy study. After training, each PC evaluated ≤10 dogs that they believed to have preclinical MMVD. The evaluation was repeated by 1 of 3 cardiology diplomates, blinded to the PC's findings. Agreement between clinical assessments and echocardiographic measurements was assessed.ResultsFifty‐seven dogs were evaluated by PCs; 1 dog was withdrawn because of congestive heart failure. The median time between PC and cardiologist evaluation was 0 days (range, 0‐8). One incorrect diagnosis of MMVD was made by a PC (this dog had dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM]); preclinical MMVD was confirmed by the cardiologist in 55 dogs. No difference in LA: Ao (P = .96; CV = 6.9%) was detected between PCs and cardiologists. LVIDdN (1.69 cm/kg0.294(1.26‐2.21) vs 1.73 cm/kg0.294(1.32‐2.73);P = .001; CV = 6.5%), was significantly lower when measured by PCs vs cardiologists. PCs and cardiologists agreed regarding assessment of EPIC criteria in 49/56 dogs (Alpha = .761, 95% confidence interval 0.697‐0.922).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe program effectively trained PCs to accurately assess EPIC criteria in dogs with preclinical MMVD.
Haptophyte communities along the Kuroshio current reveal their geographical sources and ecological traits
Authors: Endo Hisashi , Umezawa Yu , Takeda Shigenobu , Suzuki Koji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHaptophytes are one of the most ecologically successful phytoplankton groups in the modern ocean and tend to maintain balanced and stable communities across various environments. However, little is known about the mechanisms that enable community stability and ecological success. To reveal the community characteristics and interactions among haptophytes, we conducted comprehensive observations from the upstream to downstream regions of the Kuroshio Current. Haptophyte abundance and taxonomy were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and metabarcoding of 18S rRNA sequences, respectively. The haptophyte community structure changed abruptly at sites on the shelf‐slope of the East China Sea, indicating the strong influence of shelf waters with high phytoplankton biomass on downstream communities. Correlation network analysis combined with the phylogeny suggested that haptophytes can coexist with their close relatives, possibly owing to their nutritional flexibility, thereby escaping from resource competition. Consistently, some noncalcifying haptophyte genera with high mixotrophic capacities such asChrysochromulinaconstituted a major component of the co‐occurrence network, whereas coccolithophores such asEmiliania/Gephyrocapsawere rarely observed. Our study findings suggest that noncalcifying haptophytes play crucial roles in community diversity and stability, and in sustaining the food web structure in the Kuroshio ecosystems.
Intra‐Articular Biomechanical Changes of the Meniscus and Ligaments During Stance Phase of Gait Circle after Different Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgical Procedures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Mao Zi‐mu , Wang Zhen‐wei , Xu Chao , Liu Chen‐he , Zhang Zhi‐yu , Ren Xiao‐li , Xue An‐qi , Li Ze‐nan , Zhao Feng , Yao Qi , Yu Jia‐kuo 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe debate on the superiority of single‐ or double‐bundle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has not ceased. The comparative studies on intra‐articular biomechanics after different surgical reconstructions are rare. This study is to evaluate the biomechanical stress distribution intra‐knee after single‐ and double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by three‐dimensional finite element analysis, and to observe the change of stress concentration under the condition of vertical gradient loads.MethodsIn this study, magnetic resonance imaging data were extracted from patients and healthy controls for biomechanical analysis. Patients included in the three models were matched in age and sex. The strength and distribution of induced stresses were analyzed in two frequently used procedures, anatomical single‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and anatomical double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, using femoral‐graft‐tibial system under different loads, to mimic a post‐operation mechanical motion. The three‐dimensional finite‐element models for normal ligament and two surgical methods were applied. A vertical force simulating daily walking was performed on the models to assess the interfacial stresses and displacements of intra‐articular tissues and ligaments. The evaluation results mainly included the stress of each part of ligament and meniscus. The stress values of different parts of three models were extracted and compared.ResultsThe stress of ligament/graft at femoral side of three finite‐element models was significantly higher than at tibial side, while the highest level was observed in single‐bundle reconstruction finite‐element model. With the increase of force, the maximum stress in the medial (7.1–7.1 MPa) and lateral (4.9–7.4 MPa) meniscus of single‐bundle reconstruction finite‐element model shifted from the anterior horn to the central area (p = 0.0161, 0.0479, respectively). The stress was shown to be at a lower level at femoral side and posterior cruciate ligament of intra‐knee in two reconstruction finite‐element models than that in normal finite‐element models, while presented higher level at the tibial side than normal knee (p = 0.3528). The displacement of the femoral side and intra‐knee areas in reconstruction finite‐element models was greater than that in normal finite‐element model (p = 0.0855).ConclusionCompared with the single‐bundle technique, the graft of double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has better stress dissipation effect and can prevent postoperative meniscus tear more effectively.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Hand: Unique Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Soo‐Hwan , Park Il‐Jung , Yoo Ji Won , Park Jong Woo , Park Hyun Woo , Oh Seungbae 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a reactive, noninfectious, neutrophilic dermatosis. Diagnosis of PG is based on exclusion, due to lack of availability of a confirmatory test. PG is not caused by infection or gangrene. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of PG can lead to devastating results.Case PresentationIn this report, we present a patient with a delayed diagnosis of PG lesion on right hand. Despite initial surgical treatment, the wound was aggravated, and amputation was considered; however, it was eventually treated successfully with an autologous split thickness skin graft.ConclusionsKnowledge of the PG is essential to actively consider PG in early stage to help facilitate immediate treatment and avoid unnecessary interventions that may worsen the outcome.
High‐temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches
Authors: Khan Aamir Hamid , Min Ling , Ma Yizan , Zeeshan Muhammad , Jin Shuangxia , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: October 2022

SummaryGlobal food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
Social licence and norm violation
Authors: Dare Tim 
Published: October 2022

It has become increasingly common to refer to ‘social licence’ or ‘the social licence to operate’. However there is a good deal of disagreement around social licence. This short commentary focuses on one ambiguity. Some accounts stipluate that practice for which social licence might be given or withheld must lie outside general norms. I argue that this cannot be an adequate definition of social licence. It faces conceptual difficulties and would excluding many apparently uncontroversial appeals to the notion.
How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2
Authors: Narciso Joana , Croome Natasha 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundObesity remains a major global public health issue, despite numerous attempts to address it. Health behaviour theories suggest that a misconception of how excess weight affects general health may be preventing individuals from taking action towards addressing it. The present study explores this relationship in European countries.MethodsThis study analysed cross-sectional secondary data collected as part of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2 (2013–2015), with a total sample of 299 846 participants. The association between body mass index and self-perceived health was analysed using logistic regression models. Age, sex, country, degree of urbanisation and level of education were included in the model to determine excess weight’s independent contribution to self-perceived health over and above these variables.ResultsThe majority of the sample was in the excess weight category (52.92%; n=155 812), with only Austria and Luxembourg reporting a higher proportion of normal weight than excess weight. An analysis of self-perceived health revealed that most individuals perceived themselves to be in good health (42.88%; n=128 579). Logistic regression results show that overweight individuals were more likely to report being in poorer self-perceived health (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.29) compared with normal weight individuals. The same effect was observed for individuals in the obese class I (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.05), obese class II (OR=3.00, 95% CI 2.88 to 3.13) and obese class III (OR=4.38, 95% CI 4.07 to 4.71) categories. However, this study did not find a rigid pattern of association between excess weight and self-perceived health across European countries.ConclusionIn general, a higher body mass index category is associated with poorer self-perceived health, suggesting that the majority of the study population have a correct perception of how their weight affects their health. However, in some key countries this relationship is not observed and should be further explored.
Cohort profile: the Scottish Diabetes Research Network national diabetes cohort – a population-based cohort of people with diabetes in Scotland
Authors: McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Blackbourn Luke A. K. , Caparrotta Thomas M. , Mellor Joseph , Barnett Anna , Collier Andy , Sattar Naveed , McKnight John , Petrie John , Philip Sam , Lindsay Robert , Hughes Katherine , McAllister David , Leese Graham P , Pearson Ewan R , Wild Sarah , McKeigue Paul M , Colhoun Helen M 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe Scottish Diabetes Research Network (SDRN)-diabetes research platform was established to combine disparate electronic health record data into research-ready linked datasets for diabetes research in Scotland. The resultant cohort, ‘The SDRN-National Diabetes Dataset (SDRN-NDS)’, has many uses, for example, understanding healthcare burden and socioeconomic trends in disease incidence and prevalence, observational pharmacoepidemiology studies and building prediction tools to support clinical decision making.ParticipantsWe estimate that >99% of those diagnosed with diabetes nationwide are captured into the research platform. Between 2006 and mid-2020, the cohort comprised 472 648 people alive with diabetes at any point in whom there were 4 million person-years of follow-up. Of the cohort, 88.1% had type 2 diabetes, 8.8% type 1 diabetes and 3.1% had other types (eg, secondary diabetes). Data are captured from all key clinical encounters for diabetes-related care, including diabetes clinic, primary care and podiatry and comprise clinical history and measurements with linkage to blood results, microbiology, prescribed and dispensed drug and devices, retinopathy screening, outpatient, day case and inpatient episodes, birth outcomes, cancer registry, renal registry and causes of death.Findings to dateThere have been >50 publications using the SDRN-NDS. Examples of recent key findings include analysis of the incidence and relative risks for COVID-19 infection, drug safety of insulin glargine and SGLT2 inhibitors, life expectancy estimates, evaluation of the impact of flash monitors on glycaemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis and time trend analysis showing that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains a major cause of death under age 50 years. The findings have been used to guide national diabetes strategy and influence national and international guidelines.Future plansThe comprehensive SDRN-NDS will continue to be used in future studies of diabetes epidemiology in the Scottish population. It will continue to be updated at least annually, with new data sources linked as they become available.
Impact of electrically assisted bicycles on physical activity and traffic accident risk: a prospective observational study
Authors: Haufe Sven , Boeck Hedwig Theda , Häckl Sebastian , Boyen Johanna , Kück Momme , van Rhee Clara Catharina , Graf von der Schulenburg Johann-Matthias , Zeidler Jan , Schmidt Torben , Johannsen Heiko , Holzwart Dennis , Koch Armin , Tegtbur Uwe 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundElectrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have become increasingly popular and may facilitate active commuting and recreational cycling.ObjectiveTo evaluate the physical activity levels and usage characteristics of e-bikers and conventional cyclists under real-world conditions.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in Germany to examine the effects of e-biking compared with conventional cycling on reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) target for physical activity—at least 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week. Study participants (1250 e-bikers and 629 conventional bike users) were equipped with activity trackers to assess the time, distance and heart rate during cycling over four consecutive weeks. Questionnaires were used to assess any traffic accidents incurred over 12 months.ResultsThe proportion of participants reaching 150 min of MVPA per week was higher for conventional bike users than for e-bike users (35.0% vs 22.4%, p<0.001). In a multiple regression model, the odds of reaching the physical activity target were lower for e-biking than for conventional biking (OR=0.56; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.72) with age, sex, comorbidities and bike usage patterns as confounding factors. No significant differences were observed between bike groups for traffic accidents, yet when controlled for cycling time and frequency of cycling e-bikers had a higher risk of a traffic accident (OR=1.63; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.58).ConclusionE-bikes are associated with a lower probability of reaching WHO targets for MVPA due to reduced duration and a reduced cardiovascular effort during riding. However, e-bikes might facilitate active transportation, particularly in older individuals or those with pre-existing conditions.
Page curves of Reissner–Nordström black hole in HD gravity
Authors: Yadav Gopal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe obtain the Page curves of an eternal Reissner–Nordström black hole in the presence of higher derivative terms in four dimensions. We consider two cases: gravitational action with general $${\mathcal {O}}(R^2)$$

O
(

R
2

)

terms plus Maxwell term and Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity plus Maxwell term. In both the cases entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation in the absence of island surface is increasing linearly with time. After including contribution from the island surface, we find that after the Page time, entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation in both the cases reaches a constant value which is the twice of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole and we obtain the Page curves. We find that Page curves appear at later or earlier time when the Gauss–Bonnet coupling increases or decreases. Further, scrambling time of Reissner–Nordström is increasing or decreasing depending upon whether the correction term (coming from $${\mathcal {O}}(R^2)$$

O
(

R
2

)

terms in the gravitational action) is increasing or decreasing in the first case whereas scrambling time remains unaffected in the second case (Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity case). As a consistency check, in the limit of vanishing GB coupling we obtain the Page curve of the Reissner–Nordström black hole obtained in Wang et al. (JHEP 04:103, 2021).
From ‘source to sink’ to ‘sink to source’: a review of volcanic fluvial and lacustrine successions in Japan
Authors: Kataoka Kyoko S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Volcaniclastic sedimentological studies in Japan have addressed Miocene–Holocene volcaniclastic fluvial and lacustrine successions. These research approaches can be categorized into: (1) the ‘from volcanic source to sink’ concept focusing on hydrological volcaniclastic sedimentation (including lahars), environmental impacts and cascading processes by explosive volcanism; and (2) the ‘from sink to volcanic source’ view, with a focus on elucidating volcanic and eruptive information such as the location of the eruption centre, eruption style and eruption age from analyses of distally deposited volcaniclastic sediments other than tephra fall deposits, despite the occasional absence of correlative eruption records in proximal areas and/or on the volcanic edifice itself. Geological records, which have a longer time span, can reveal decadal- to millennial-scale hydrological and cascading volcaniclastic sedimentation that cannot be assessed currently by direct observation. In addition, distal volcaniclastic successions in sinks have a continuous depositional record that can provide precise ages and the recurrence intervals of past eruptions and eruption-associated hydrological events. Both perspectives, beyond the borders of sedimentology and volcanology, are necessary to capture the geological record fully and to understand past volcanisms and their impacts, which will eventually lead to better prediction and preparation for future volcanic events.
IGF1R Inhibition Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Gq/11 Inhibition in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Progression
Authors: Lapadula Dominic , Lam Bao , Terai Mizue , Sugase Takahito , Tanaka Ryota , Farias Eduardo , Kadamb Rama , Lopez-Anton Melisa , Heine Christian C. , Modasia Bhavik , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A. , Aplin Andrew E. , Sato Takami , Benovic Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults, and up to 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which remains uncurable. Because patients with metastatic UM have an average survival of less than 1 year after diagnosis, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies. Although activating mutations in Gαq or Gα11 proteins are major drivers of pathogenesis, the therapeutic intervention of downstream Gαq/11 targets has been unsuccessful in treating UM, possibly due to alternative signaling pathways and/or resistance mechanisms. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway promotes cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance in many types of cancers, including UM, where expression of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) correlates with a poor prognosis. In this article, we show that direct inhibition of Gαq/11 by the cyclic depsipeptide YM-254890 in combination with inhibition of IGF1R by linsitinib cooperatively inhibits downstream signaling and proliferation of UM cells. We further demonstrate that a 2-week combination treatment of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg of YM-254890 administered by intraperitoneal injection and 25 to 40 mg/kg linsitinib administered by oral gavage effectively inhibits the growth of metastatic UM tumors in immunodeficient NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice and identifies the IGF1 pathway as a potential resistance mechanism in response to Gαq/11 inhibition in UM. These data suggest that the combination of Gαq/11 and IGF1R inhibition provides a promising therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic UM.
Perceptions of occupational therapists in the United Kingdom on the applicability of the reflective framework for community development in occupational therapy
Authors: Melville Anna , Schiller Sandra , Engelen Anne-Mie , Kramer-Roy Debbie 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Community development approaches are increasingly used by occupational therapists in response to occupational justice theory, which posits that both individuals and community groups may be denied access to meaningful occupations through societal powers outside their control. Previous research has found that occupational therapists feel insufficiently prepared for a role in community development and tend to use their general skill set, sometimes in combination with generic community development approaches. This study explored whether the reflective framework for community development in occupational therapy is applicable and useful for occupational therapists in the United Kingdom. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used, combining an online questionnaire and focus groups with occupational therapists who already work in community development. Findings were compared with the framework. Findings: The participants recognised most aspects of the Framework in their own practice, but some key aspects such as collaboration with the community at every stage were less prominent. They found the framework applicable to the UK context, particularly for occupational therapists inexperienced in community development practice. Conclusion: This study has highlighted community development practice by occupational therapists in the United Kingdom and concluded that the framework would support them in fulfilling this role more effectively.