bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal abscesses in children: an 11‐year retrospective study and review of the literature
Authors: Buschel Helen , Leung Phoebe , Stalewski Harry , Carroll Daniel , Mariyappa‐Rathnamma Bhanu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature on renal abscesses in children and therefore no consensus on management. The objectives of this study were to describe renal abscesses in a contemporary paediatric Australian population and present a 20 year review of the literature.MethodsAn 11 year retrospective comparative study was conducted of paediatric patients with renal abscesses. A literature review of all eight original articles on paediatric renal abscesses from January 2001 to December 2021 was performed.ResultsFourteen children with a mean age of 11 years were diagnosed with a renal abscess on ultrasound and/or computed tomography. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (n = 13, 93%) and flank or abdominal pain (n = 12, 86%). The most common causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7, 50%) and Escherichia coli (n = 4, 29%).All renal abscesses less than 3 cm were managed with antibiotics alone. Five out of nine abscesses 3–5 cm were managed with percutaenous drainage (56%). Two multi‐loculated abscesses greater than 5 cm required open drainage in theatre (100%).ConclusionsThe most common causative organism in the North Queensland population was S. aureus, with a higher incidence of MRSA. This should be taken into consideration when prescribing empirical antibiotics. Most renal abscesses in children that are less than 3 cm in size can be managed with antibiotic therapy only. The evidence for management of larger abscesses is less clear, but where clinically appropriate conservative management with antibiotic therapy should be considered in the first instance, with percutaneous drainage in cases of antibiotic failure.
Roles of policy brokers in collaborative governance: Evidence from Khon Kaen and Bueng Kan cities in Thailand
Authors: Pholsim Suriyanon , Inaba Yushi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines the roles of policy brokers in different settings of collaboration in Khon Kaen and Bueng Kan Cities in Thailand. It integrates the advocacy coalition and multiple stream frameworks to view how a policy broker in different collaborative settings would manage their preferred urban transport initiatives by conducting qualitative research methodology based on an embedded multiple case study approach. The results showed Khon Kaen City revealed a horizontal setting of local collaboration where the Khon Kaen Think Tank and Khon Kaen Transit System were key policy brokers that strategized light rail transit initiatives. These policy brokers were proficient in negotiating, financing, and locally‐allied strategies. Bueng Kan City displayed a vertical collaboration where the Deputy Minister of Interior of Thailand was a crucial policy broker who held potential administrative and political powers to manage the desired policies. This study showed that several joint actors, as backing resources to policy brokers, were essential to horizontal collaboration, but they were less critical than the resources of the policy brokers in vertical collaboration.
Ingroup and outgroup differences in face detection
Authors: Prunty Jonathan E. , Jenkins Rob , Qarooni Rana , Bindemann Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumans show improved recognition for faces from their own social group relative to faces from another social group. Yet before faces can be recognized, they must first be detected in the visual field. Here, we tested whether humans also show an ingroup bias at the earliest stage of face processing – the point at which the presence of a face is first detected. To this end, we measured viewers' ability to detect ingroup (Black and White) and outgroup faces (Asian, Black, and White) in everyday scenes. Ingroup faces were detected with greater speed and accuracy relative to outgroup faces (Experiment 1). Removing face hue impaired detection generally, but the ingroup detection advantage was undiminished (Experiment 2). This same pattern was replicated by a detection algorithm using face templates derived from human data (Experiment 3). These findings demonstrate that the established ingroup bias in face processing can extend to the early process of detection. This effect is ‘colour blind’, in the sense that group membership effects are independent of general effects of image hue. Moreover, it can be captured by tuning visual templates to reflect the statistics of observers' social experience. We conclude that group bias in face detection is both a visual and a social phenomenon.
Open to robotic right donor hepatectomy: A tectonic shift in surgical technique
Authors: Amma Binoj Sivasankara Pillai Thankamony , Mathew Johns Shaji , Varghese Christi Titus , Nair Krishnanunni , Mallick Shweta , Chandran Biju , Menon Ramachandran Narayana , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Balakrishnan Dinesh , George Preethi Sara , Vayoth Sudheer Othiyil , Sudhindran Surendran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRobotic right live donor hepatectomy (r‐LDRH) has been reported with reduced morbidity compared to open donor right hepatectomy (o‐LDRH) in few recent series. Nevertheless, its routine use is debated. We present a large series comparing pure r‐LDRH with o‐LDRH. Consecutive r‐LDRH performed from June 2018 to June 2020 (n = 102) were compared with consecutive donors undergoing o‐LDRH (n = 152) from February 2016 to February 2018, a period when r‐LDRH was not available at this center. Propensity score matched (PSM) analysis of 89 case‐control pairs was additionally performed. Primary endpoints were length of high dependency unit (HDU) and hospital stay and Clavien‐Dindo graded complications among donors. Although r‐LDRH took longer to perform (540 vs. 462 min, P < .001), the postoperative peak transaminases levels (P < .001), the length of HDU (3 vs. 4 days, P < .001), and hospital stay (8 vs. 9 days, P < .001) were lower in in donors undergoing r‐LDRH. Clavien‐Dindo graded complications were similar (16.67% in r‐LDRH and 13.16% in o‐LDRH). The rates of early allograft dysfunction (1.6% vs. 3.3%), bile leak (14.7% vs. 10.7%), and 1‐year mortality (13.7% vs. 11.8%) were comparable between r‐LDRH and o‐LDRH recipients. PSM analysis yielded similar results between the groups. These data support the safety and feasibility of r‐LDRH in select donors.
Clonal B‐cell proliferations developing in the background of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder: A case series
Authors: Ates Ozdemir Deniz , Akdoğan Neslihan , Okay Müfide , Uner Aysegül , Saglam Arzu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClonal B‐cell proliferations and B‐cell lymphomas may co‐occur in the background of follicular helper T‐cell (TFH)‐derived lymphomas, most associated with EBV, which has been a well‐known fact for many years in the prototypical entity “TFH lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic‐type.” Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CD4+ PCSM‐LPD) is also a TFH‐derived clonal proliferation. We searched the archives and identified four cases of CD4+ PCSM‐LPD with accompanying clonal B‐cell proliferation (one of which showed EBER positivity), and one longstanding case of CD4+ PCSM‐LPD, in the background of which a B‐cell lymphoma had developed. These five cases broaden experience on CD4+ PCSM‐LPD with accompanying B‐cell proliferations and also support routine evaluation of these cases with EBV in situ hybridization, to better determine whether or not there is an association with EBV.
Vaccination with human tyrosinaseDNAas a therapy for equine intraocular melanoma—4 cases: 2016–2021
Authors: Halliwell Elizabeth , Carslake Harry , Malalana Fernando 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis report describes four cases of intraocular melanoma which were treated with a course of human tyrosine DNA canine melanoma vaccine. Two cases continued to show progression of the tumour. One case presented with bilateral intraocular melanomas and demonstrated clinical progression in one eye within 5 months, and apparent quiescence of disease in the other, though subtle deterioration was noted at a 2‐year follow‐up. The final case presented with recurrent ulceration due to an intraocular melanoma and demonstrated a good clinical response with a reduction in the frequency and severity of the episodes of ulceration. The small number of cases in this report precludes firm conclusions, but these reported outcomes suggest limited justification for the routine recommendation of melanoma vaccines to horses with intraocular melanomas.
Privacy‐preserving federated learning cyber‐threat detection for intelligent transport systems with blockchain‐based security
Authors: Moulahi Tarek , Jabbar Rateb , Alabdulatif Abdulatif , Abbas Sidra , El Khediri Salim , Zidi Salah , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) techniques implemented at a large scale in intelligent transport systems (ITS), have considerably enhanced the vehicles' autonomous behaviour in making independent decisions about cyber threats, attacks, and faults. While, AI techniques are based on data sharing among the vehicles, it is important to note that sensitive data cannot be shared. Thus, federated learning (FL) has been implemented to protect privacy in vehicles. On the other hand, the integrity of data and the safety of aggregation are ensured by using blockchain technology. This paper applied classification approaches to VANET and ITS cyber‐threats detection at the vehicle. Subsequently, by using blockchain and by applying an aggregation strategy to different models, models from the previous step were uploaded in a smart contract. Lastly, we returned the updated models to the vehicles. Furthermore, we conducted an experimental study to measure the effectiveness of the proposed prototype. In this paper, the VeReMi data set was distributed in a balanced manner into five parts in the experimental study. Thus, classification techniques were executed by each vehicle separately, and models were generated. Upon the aggregation of the models in blockchain, they were returned to the vehicles. Lastly, the vehicles updated their decision functions and accessed the precision and accuracy of cyber‐threat detection. The results indicated that the precision and accuracy decreased by 7.1% on average with comparable F1‐score and recall. Our solution ensures the privacy preservation of vehicles whereas blockchain guarantees the safety of aggregation technique and low gas consumption.
Diabetes, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus influence hypertension risk differently in cohorts of haemophilia patients, veterans and the general population
Authors: Barnes Richard F.W. , Pandey Braj , Sun Haowei (Linda) , Jackson Shannon , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Quon Doris V. , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe reasons for the high prevalence of hypertension in persons with haemophilia (PWH) are poorly understood.AimTo examine the roles of diabetes, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the etiology of hypertension for PWH.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional design. Adult PWH (n = 691) were divided into two groups: (A) free of diabetes, HCV and HIV; (B) with diabetes and/or HCV positivity and/or HIV positivity. Each group was matched by race and age with random samples from the general population of the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, NHANES) and outpatients at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in San Diego. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were fitted for graphical analysis of hypertension risk over the lifespan.ResultsIn Group A, PWH had the highest prevalence of hypertension compared to NHANES and VAMC, especially in young adults. In Group B, diabetes increased the risk of hypertension for all three cohorts (PWH, NHANES and VAMC), especially for PWH. In PWH, hypertension risk was also increased by HIV, in NHANES by HCV, and in VAMC by HCV and HIV.ConclusionDiabetes conferred the greatest risk of hypertension for all three cohorts. However, curves of hypertension in relation to age revealed that diabetes, HCV and HIV modulated hypertension risk differently in PWH. PWH experienced a disproportionally high risk increase with diabetes. Therefore, haemophilia care should include screening for hypertension and diabetes at a young age.
Microstructures and properties of microporous mullite‐corundum aggregates for lightweight refractories
Authors: Wang Shihua , Yan Wen , Yan Junjie , Schafföner Stefan , Chen Zhe , Sang Shaobai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFive microporous mullite‐corundum refractory aggregates were prepared from Al(OH)3 and kaolinite gangue through in situ decomposition synthesis technique. The effects of the sintering temperature (1400–1600°C) and the particle sizes of raw materials (20.6–94.5 μm) on the microstructures and strengths of the aggregates were investigated through X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectrometer etc., to find out the technological conditions to be controlled in industrial production. The higher sintering temperature promoted the reaction between Al(OH)3 and kaolinite gangue, leading to the development of primary‐mullite as well as the generation of secondary‐mullite, which promoted the formation of the neck and improved the strength. Meanwhile, the dense mullite layers were formed continuously on the surface of Al(OH)3 pseudomorphs, making the micropores inside the pseudomorphs become closed pores, which increased the closed porosity of the aggregates. The reduction of the particle sizes of raw materials changed the particle packing behavior, accelerated the rearrangement of the Al(OH)3 pseudomorph particles during the process of reactive sintering, and then reduced the closed porosity. To realize the industrial production of microporous mullite‐corundum refractory aggregate with high strength (103 MPa) and high closed porosity (16.1%), the sintering temperature should be at about 1600°C, and the median diameter of raw materials should be at 94.5 μm.
Selenium nanoparticles–enhanced potato starch film for active food packaging application
Authors: Ndwandwe Bongekile K. , Malinga Soraya P. , Kayitesi Eugenie , Dlamini Bhekisisa C. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis work developed an active selenium nanoparticles‐based potato starch film. The incorporation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) improved the microstructure, physical and biological properties of the nanocomposite film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a slight increase in surface roughness and heterogeneity of nanocomposite film. Addition of SeNPs resulted in an improvement in film thickness and density from 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.04 ± 0.00 mm and 1.01 ± 0.12 to 1.31 ± 0.03 g cm−3, respectively, while water content, film solubility, swelling degree as well as water vapour transmission rate decreased. Integration of SeNPs into potato starch film caused a significant change (P < 0.05) of colour to red (a*) and yellow (b*). The tensile strength also improved with addition of SeNPs from 3.42 to 9.86 MPa. The presence of SeNPs in the potato starch film enhanced its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The overall migration and specific migration were within acceptable levels as stipulated in the EU regulations. The findings of this study present an alternative biodegradable biopolymer material that can be used as active food packaging material in replacement of nonbiodegradable synthetic polymer material.
Development and quality evaluation of multivitamin fortified low‐fat biscuits
Authors: Pattnaik Monalisha , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMultivitamin encapsulated nanoparticles that were produced by using a lipid‐based emulsion template were incorporated to fortify biscuits to obtain a low‐fat nutrient‐enriched food product. The present study involves the development of biscuits containing vitamins (A, D, B9 and B12) both in free (C1) and encapsulated form (C2). The quality attributes of the developed biscuits were further evaluated by determining their change in functional groups, textural properties, rheological characteristics and physical morphology. The storage modulus (G') was higher than loss modulus (G"), suggesting a viscous nature of the dough (C1 and C2); meanwhile, C2 had a harder and a crispier texture than C1 (hardness: 30.06 N > 15.84 N; fracturability: 15.84 > 26.18 N). FTIR spectra of C2 showed higher retention of nutritional attributes in baking conditions as compared to C1. SEM images demonstrate that C2 has a regular/spherical‐shaped morphology (size: 8.3 mm) with minimal fissures sustaining the baking conditions than C1 (size: 6.7 mm). The cumulative release (%) for all the vitamins of biscuits containing encapsulated nanoparticles (C2) was relatively low (i.e. ca. 1.1–2.6 times), indicating a good bioavailability and thermal stability of the fortified food product.
Is high‐frequency ultrasound a useful process to add value to out of specification strawberries, raspberries and blackberries industrially?
Authors: Hooper Matthew , McNeilly Alison D. , Schaschke Carl , Wilkin Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBioactive ingredients can be extracted from surplus soft fruits to add value to them as a fortification ingredient in many new products. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction and spray drying have been heavily studied in the past, with evidence to suggest the positive uptake of these by the food industry. In this paper, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries were examined using a distilled water ‘green’ extraction method with assisted high‐frequency ultrasound and concentration through spray drying. The results showed that crop year and variety had more impact on bioactive concentration than extraction through high‐frequency ultrasound. Two different machines were examined for differences between a cold extraction of water, and a 700 and 2000 Hz industrially relevant probes. Typically, total phenolic content (TPC) was lower in strawberries and blackberries than the control for both methods, however raspberries had a higher GAE mg ml−1 for the 2000 Hz ultrasound than the control. For Radical scavenging (RS) percentage using DPPH Blackberries had higher RS % than the control, whereas strawberries and raspberries had less than the control. These results suggest that ultrasound as a singular method for extracting valuable bioactive ingredients is not suitable with water as the solvent.
Consumer perception of insects as food: Mexico as an example of the importance of studying socio‐economic and geographical differences for decision‐making in food development
Authors: Escalante‐Aburto Anayansi , Rodríguez‐Sifuentes Lucio , Ozuna César , Mariscal‐Moreno Rosa María , Mulík Stanislav , Guiné Raquel , Chuck‐Hernández Cristina 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMexico is a multi‐diverse country where insect consumption has been associated with traditional practices. Nevertheless, there are no studies regarding differences in entomophagy within the country to get specific insights into consumers' perceptions. A total of 3125 Mexicans answered a national survey related to demographic indicators and aspects of edible insects. The χ2 test was used (P < 0.05) to analyse the data. Results showed that a national average of 74% had consumed insects, mainly from the south and centre. Demographic characteristics demonstrated that the northern region had a significantly higher monthly income (>952 USD) and educational level (postgraduate), declaring a consumption of ‘once in a lifetime’ (more than 50%). The word clouds analysis showed remarkable differences among regions, in the north and centre the word ‘curiosity’ was the most found; in the central region, the word ‘chapulines’ (grasshoppers); and in the south, the term ‘gastronomy’. Marketing aspects such as availability, price and variety significantly trigger increasing insect consumption by understanding regional differences to produce specific strategies and formulations.
Effects of innovative gelation and modified tapioca starches on the physicochemical properties of surimi gel during frozen storage
Authors: Mao Min , Jia Ru , Gao Yuanpei , Yang Wenge , Tong Jingjing , Xia Geran 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis study presented a comparative evaluation of the effects of 5% tapioca starch, acetylated distarch phosphate and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HPDSP) on the changes in surimi gel quality after the traditional gelation procedure (suwari‐cooking‐freezing) and a novel gelation procedure (suwari‐freezing‐cooking, SFC). Overall, subjected to the SFC procedure, lower hydrophobic interactions, lower total sulphydryl group content, higher disulphide bond content and a more orderly protein conformation was observed in the HPDSP‐surimi gel. These changes resulted in smaller drip loss, stabler breaking force and deformation, and less structural damage during frozen storage. Since the strongest hydrophilicity of HPDSP and the lowest gelatinisation temperature (63.15 °C), when it was reheated and then gelatinized, it interacted more closely with the protein. These findings indicated that subjected to the SFC procedure, the addition of 5% HPDSP effectively decreased the changes in the quality of the surimi gel.
Lipid oxidation product nonenal and myoglobin oxidation
Authors: Germolus Clayton B. , Rehman Usman N. , Ramahi Amjad A. , Jue Thomas 
Published: July 2022

SummaryProvocative studies have proposed that the common 9 carbon lipid oxidation product, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), increases myoglobin (Mb) autoxidation. Oxidised Mb (Fe3+ Mb or metMb) formation leads to an unappealing meat discoloration. Since Mb also facilitates lipid oxidation, an HNE induced increase in Mb autoxidation would constitute a positive feedback loop. However, NMR studies have noted that only fatty acids with carbon chain length exceeding 10 can significantly bind to Mb. They predict that HNE should not interact with Mb. The present study has used optical and NMR spectroscopy methods to determine if HNE interacts with Mb and if that interaction leads to an increased oxidation of Mb. The study finds no convincing evidence that HNE interacts with Mb and accelerates Mb autoxidation or oxidation by electron transfer. However, the presence of ethanol in the solution will increase Mb oxidation.
Impact ofCOVID‐19 on childhood obesity: Data from a paediatric weight management trial
Authors: Trivedi Michelle , Frisard Christine , Crawford Sybil , Bram Jennifer , Geller Alan C. , Pbert Lori 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThere is growing concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is exacerbating childhood obesity. We sought to examine the effects of the pandemic on weight and weight‐related behaviours among children with overweight and obesity participating in an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial of a paediatric practice‐based weight intervention with 2 study arms: nutritionist‐delivered coaching telephone calls over 8 weeks with an accompanying workbook on lifestyle changes versus the same workbook in eight mailings without nutritionist coaching calls. In a pooled, secondary analysis of 373 children in central Massachusetts (aged 8–12 years, 29% Latinx, 55% White, 8% Black), the monthly rate of BMI increase more than doubled for those children whose 6‐month study visit occurred post‐pandemic onset (n = 91) compared to children whose 6‐month study visit occurred pre‐pandemic onset (n = 282) (0.13 kg/m2versus 0.05 kg/m2; ratio = 2.47,p = 0.02). The post‐pandemic onset group also had a significant decrease in activity levels (β−8.18 MVPA minutes/day,p = 0.01). Caloric intake and screen time did not differ between the pre‐ and post‐pandemic onset groups. These findings show that after the start of the pandemic, children with overweight and obesity experienced an increase in weight and decrease in activity levels. This data can inform public health strategies to address pandemic‐related effects on childhood obesity.