bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract on CCl4-induced liver injury in male rats
Authors: Shaban Nadia Z. , El-Kot Sarah M. , Awad Olfat M. , Hafez Afaf M. , Fouad Ghada M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the central pathogenic events in liver diseases. In this study, the protective and therapeutic role of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract (SE) was evaluated against the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.

Methods
The air-dried papaya seeds were powdered and extracted with distilled water. The phytochemical ingredients, minerals, and antioxidant potentials were studied. For determination of the biological role of SE against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4, five groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared (8 rats per each): C: control; SE: rats were administered with SE alone; CCl4: rats were injected subcutaneously with CCl4; SE-CCl4 group: rats were administered with SE orally for 2 weeks before and 8 weeks during CCl4 injection; SE-CCl4-SE group: Rats were administered with SE and CCl4 as mentioned in SE-CCl4 group with a prolonged administration with SE for 4 weeks after the stopping of CCl4 injection. Then, the markers of OS [lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], inflammation [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β], apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)], liver and kidney functions beside liver histopathology were determined.

Results
The phytochemical analyses revealed that SE contains different concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and minerals so it has potent antioxidant activities. Therefore, the treatment with SE pre, during, and/or after CCl4 administration attenuated the OS induced by CCl4 where the LP was reduced, but the antioxidants (GSH, SOD, GST, and GPx) were increased. Additionally, these treatments reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4, since the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and p53 were declined. Accordingly, liver and kidney functions were improved. These results were confirmed by the histopathological results.

Conclusions
SE has protective and treatment roles against hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 administration through the reduction of OS, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 and its metabolites in the liver tissues. Administration of SE for healthy rats for 12 weeks had no adverse effects. Thus, SE can be utilized in pharmacological tools as anti-hepatotoxicity.
Extended myectomy for apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Saitoh Daiki , Saji Mike , Takanashi Schuichiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the apex of the left ventricle and rarely involves the right ventricular apex or both apexes. Heart transplantation is the traditional treatment for apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although surgical myectomy approaching the apex has been available for decades, its safety and accuracy greatly depend on the surgeon’s skills and experience.

Case presentation
The first case involved a 63-year-old man with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, wherein preoperative contrast computed tomography findings revealed apical hypertrophy and complete apical cavity obliteration. The patient underwent extended myectomy, which revealed the apex cavity filled with abnormal muscles. Using the transaortic approach, the location of the bilateral papillary muscle was confirmed, thereby providing the required orientation. The abnormal muscle mass was successfully resected, and the postoperative end-diastolic volume was extremely increased. The second case involved a 43-year-old man with an apical left ventricular aneurysm and mid-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy obstruction. The thin-walled apical aneurysm contained a large apical-basal band. Upon detecting the bilateral papillary muscle, mid-ventricular myectomy was performed from the apex. During postoperative catheterization, there was no pressure gradient between the left ventricle and aorta.

Conclusions
We reviewed two cases of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, efficiently treated using extended apical myectomy. Although it is an uncommon procedure, the cases presented show how it can be used to successfully manage cases of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, it is important to secure the postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
Earthquake monitoring of the Baribis Fault near Jakarta, Indonesia, using borehole seismometers
Authors: Damanik Ruben , Supendi Pepen , Widiyantoro Sri , Rawlinson Nicholas , Ardianto A. , Gunawan Endra , Husni Yayan M. , Zulfakriza Z. , Sahara David P. , Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe geological setting of Jakarta and its immediate surroundings are poorly understood, yet it is one of the few places in Indonesia that is impacted by earthquakes from both the Java subduction zone and active faults on land. In this study, a borehole seismic experiment with low noise characteristics was deployed to record seismic activity on the ~ E-W oriented Baribis Fault, which is ~ 130 km long, passes to the south of Jakarta, and is only ~ 20 km away at its nearest point. A primary objective of this study is to determine whether this fault is seismically active, and therefore, whether it might pose a threat to nearby population centers, including Jakarta in particular. A total of seven broadband instruments that spanned Jakarta and the surrounding region were installed between the end of July 2019 and August 2020, during which time we were able to detect and locate 91 earthquakes. Two earthquakes were located close to the Baribis Fault line, one of which was felt in Bekasi (southeast of Jakarta) where it registered II-III on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The focal mechanism solutions of these events indicate the presence of a thrust fault, which is in good agreement with previous studies, and suggest that the Baribis Fault is active.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based therapies for severe viral pneumonia: therapeutic potential and challenges
Authors: Masterson C. H. , Ceccato A. , Artigas A. , dos Santos C. , Rocco P. R. , Rolandsson Enes S. , Weiss D. J. , McAuley D. , Matthay M. A. , English K. , Curley G. F. , Laffey J. G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSevere viral pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, whether due to outbreaks of endemic viruses, periodic viral epidemics, or the rarer but devastating global viral pandemics. While limited anti-viral therapies exist, there is a paucity of direct therapies to directly attenuate viral pneumonia-induced lung injury, and management therefore remains largely supportive. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are receiving considerable attention as a cytotherapeutic for viral pneumonia. Several properties of MSCs position them as a promising therapeutic strategy for viral pneumonia-induced lung injury as demonstrated in pre-clinical studies in relevant models. More recently, early phase clinical studies have demonstrated a reassuring safety profile of these cells. These investigations have taken on an added importance and urgency during the COVID-19 pandemic, with multiple trials in progress across the globe. In parallel with clinical translation, strategies are being investigated to enhance the therapeutic potential of these cells in vivo, with different MSC tissue sources, specific cellular products including cell-free options, and strategies to ‘licence’ or ‘pre-activate’ these cells, all being explored. This review will assess the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for severe viral pneumonia. It will describe the aetiology and epidemiology of severe viral pneumonia, describe current therapeutic approaches, and examine the data suggesting therapeutic potential of MSCs for severe viral pneumonia in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The challenges and opportunities for MSC-based therapies will then be considered.
SmartSurfACE transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C enhancement after small incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Gab-Alla Amr A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate predictability, stability, efficacy, and safety of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) using smart pulse technology (SPT) (SmartSurface procedure) of Schwind Amaris with mitomycin C for correction of post small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) myopic residual refractive errors.

Method
This study is a prospective, non-comparative case series conducted at a private eye centre in Ismailia, Egypt, on eyes with post-SMILE myopic residual refractive errors because of undercorrection or suction loss (suction loss occurred after the posterior lenticular cut and the creation of side-cuts; redocking was attempted, and the treatment was completed in the same session with the same parameters) with myopia or myopic astigmatism. The patients were followed up post-SMILE for six months before the SmartSurface procedure, and then they were followed up for one year after that. TPRK were performed using Amaris excimer laser at 500 kHz. The main outcomes included refractive predictability, stability, efficacy, safety and any reported complications.

Results
This study included 68 eyes of 40 patients out of 1920 total eyes (3.5%) with post-SMILE technique myopic residual refractive errors. The average duration between the SMILE surgery and TPRK was 6.7 ± 0.4 months (range 6 to 8 months). The mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE) was within ± 0.50 D of plano correction in 100% of the eyes at 12 months post-TPRK. Astigmatism of < 0.50 D was achieved in 100% of the eyes. The mean of the residual SE error showed statistically significant improvement from preoperative − 1.42 ± 0.52 D to 0.23 ± 0.10 D (P < 0.0001). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (measured by Snellen's chart and averaged in logMAR units) was improved significantly to 0.1 ± 0.07 (P < 0.0001). UDVA was 0.2 logMAR or better in 100% of the eyes, 0.1 logMAR or better in 91.2% of the eyes, and 0.0 logMAR in 20.6% of the eyes. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) remained unchanged in 79.4% of eyes. 14.7% of eyes gained one line of CDVA (Snellen). 5.9% of eyes gained two lines of CDVA (Snellen).

Conclusion
Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy using smart pulse technology with mitomycin C enhancement after SMILE is a safe, predictable, stable, and effective technique.
Achievements, experiences and challenges of the battle against poverty in China’s ethnic minority areas: focusing on the “three areas and three prefectures”
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Ding Sai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe incidence of poverty in three of China’s provinces (Qinghai, Guizhou and Yunnan) and five of its autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia, and Xinjiang) is greater than the national average. As severely impoverished areas in China and top priorities in the country’s battle against poverty, ethnic minority areas, especially the most impoverished “three areas” (the Tibet Autonomous Region, prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan, and the Hotan, Aksu, Kashgar prefectures and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang) and the “three prefectures” (the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province) showed a significant reduction in poverty and achieved decisive progress in poverty elimination from 2018 to 2019. This laid a solid foundation for the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all respects by 2020. By reviewing and explaining methods and measures of targeted poverty alleviation used in ethnic minority areas of China, this paper summarizes the most successful experiences of these areas, particularly the “Three Areas and Three Prefectures”, in the process of alleviating poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. These successful experiences consist of four aspects: roles of national systems, promotion of key poverty alleviation efforts, improved mechanisms and systems for targeted poverty alleviation, and specific innovative methods and measures. While examining the difficulties of eliminating poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China’s ethnic minority areas, especially in the “Three Areas and Three Prefectures”, this article also discusses practical challenges and problems yet to be solved, such as follow-up adjustments of poverty alleviation policies, cultivation of self-development capacity and weak educational foundations. Ultimately, this paper offers relevant solutions and suggestions in relation to macro policies, government officials and impoverished groups.
Frameless Robotic-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation With the Mazor Renaissance System
Authors: Liang Allison S. , Ginalis Elizabeth E. , Jani Raja , Hargreaves Eric L. , Danish Shabbar F. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Robotic-assisted stereotactic systems for deep brain stimulation (DBS) have recently gained popularity because of their abilities to automate arduous human error-prone steps for lead implantation. Recent DBS literature focuses on frame-based robotic platforms, but little has been reported on frameless robotic approaches, specifically the Food and Drug Administration-approved Mazor Renaissance Guidance System (Mazor Robotics Ltd).

OBJECTIVE:
To present an initial case series for patients undergoing awake DBS with the Mazor Renaissance Guidance System and evaluate operative variables and stereotactic accuracy.

METHODS:
Retrospective data collection at a single institution was conducted for an initial 35 consecutive patients. Patient demographics and operative variables, including case times, microelectrode recording passes, and postoperative complications, were obtained by chart review. Implant accuracy was evaluated through measuring radial and vector (x, y) errors using the Mazor software. Pneumocephalus volumes were calculated using immediate postoperative T1-weighted MRI scans.

RESULTS:
Total operating room (245 ± 5.5 min) and procedural (179 ± 4.7) times were comparable with previous awake DBS literature. The radial error for center tract implants was 1.3 ± 0.1 mm, with smaller error in the first (1.1 ± 0.2) vs second (1.7 ± 0.3) implants of bilateral DBS (P = .048). Vector error analysis demonstrated larger shifts posteriorly for first implants and medially for second implants. Pneumocephalus volumes (12.4 ± 2.2 cm3) were not associated with increased microelectrode recording passes, radial error, or complications.

CONCLUSION:
Frameless robotic-assisted DBS is a safe and efficient new technology that has been easily adopted into the workflow at our institution.
Employee Performance Measurements at ‘Aisyiyah Klaten Hospital using the Human Resources Scorecard approach
Authors: Kundariyah Siti , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Aini Qurratul , Setyonugroho Winny 
Published: December 2021

Background: The rapid development of health services is a challenge for hospitals in facing the increasingly open and accessible competition. Good human resource management is needed to increase the productivity of an organization. One of the strategies to increase productivity and improve human resource management is to use an integrated and comprehensive employee performance measurement. This research measured employee performance using the Human Resources Scorecard (HRSC) approach based on several conditions. HRSC is a Balanced Scorecard with a Human Resources (HR) approach where Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are based on 4 (four) perspectives: Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Business Process Perspective, and Learning and Growth Perspective. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey research design. Data collection methods included questionnaires, document review, and Consensus Decision Making Group (CDMG). The research population was 256 employees of the ‘Aisyiyah Hospital Klaten. Samples were determined using non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method of 100 respondents. Results: The results showed that overall employee performance was good, with a score of 4.03. Based on Key Performance Indicators for each perspective, the internal business process perspective of employee performance was very good, with a score of 1.24. The financial perspective of employee performance was good with a score of 0.8, while the customer perspective of employee performance was good, with a score of 1.19. Finally, the learning and growth perspective of employee performance was good, with a score of 0.8. Conclusion: With the HRSC approach, the overall performance results of the ‘Aisyiyah Klaten Hospital employees were good.
Estimating pulmonary function after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using biplanar radiographs of the chest with 3D reconstruction
Authors: Pietton Raphaël , Bouloussa Houssam , Langlais Tristan , Taytard Jessica , Beydon Nicole , Skalli Wafa , Vergari Claudio , Vialle Raphaël 
Published: December 2021

Aims This study addressed two questions: first, does surgical correction of an idiopathic scoliosis increase the volume of the rib cage, and second, is it possible to evaluate the change in lung function after corrective surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using biplanar radiographs of the ribcage with 3D reconstruction? Methods A total of 45 patients with a thoracic AIS which needed surgical correction and fusion were included in a prospective study. All patients underwent pulmonary function testing (PFT) and low-dose biplanar radiographs both preoperatively and one year after surgery. The following measurements were recorded: forced vital capacity (FVC), slow vital capacity (SVC), and total lung capacity (TLC). Rib cage volume (RCV), maximum rib hump, main thoracic curve Cobb angle (MCCA), medial-lateral and anteroposterior diameter, and T4-T12 kyphosis were calculated from 3D reconstructions of the biplanar radiographs. Results All spinal and thoracic measurements improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.001). RCV increased from 4.9 l (SD 1) preoperatively to 5.3 l (SD 0.9) (p < 0.001) while TLC increased from 4.1 l (SD 0.9) preoperatively to 4.3 l (SD 0.8) (p < 0.001). RCV was correlated with all functional indexes before and after correction of the deformity. Improvement in RCV was weakly correlated with correction of the mean thoracic Cobb angle (p = 0.006). The difference in TLC was significantly correlated with changes in RCV (p = 0.041). It was possible to predict postoperative TLC from the postoperative RCV. Conclusion 3D rib cage assessment from biplanar radiographs could be a minimally invasive method of estimating pulmonary function before and after spinal fusion in patients with an AIS. The 3D RCV reflects virtual chest capacity and hence pulmonary function in this group of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):112–119.
Risk of mortality and reoperation in hip fracture patients undergoing cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Viberg Bjarke , Pedersen Alma B. , Kjærsgaard Anders , Lauritsen Jens , Overgaard Søren 
Published: December 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the association of mortality and reoperation when comparing cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty (HA) in hip fracture patients aged over 65 years.MethodsThis was a population-based cohort study on hip fracture patients using prospectively gathered data from several national registries in Denmark from 2004 to 2015 with up to five years follow-up. The primary outcome was mortality and the secondary outcome was reoperation. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and subdistributional hazard ratios (sHRs) for reoperations are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 17,671 patients with primary HA were identified (9,484 uncemented and 8,187 cemented HAs). Compared to uncemented HA, surgery with cemented HA was associated with an absolute risk difference of 0.4% for mortality within the period zero to one day after surgery and an adjusted HR of 1.70 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.38). After seven days, there was no longer any association, with an adjusted HR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.28). This continued until five years after surgery with a HR of 1.01 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.06). There was a higher proportion of reoperations due to any reason after five years in the uncemented group with 10.2% compared to the cemented group with 6.1%. This yielded an adjusted sHR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.75) and difference continued up until five years after the surgery, demonstrating a sHR of 0.70 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.83).ConclusionIn a non-selected cohort of hip fracture patients, surgery with cemented HA was associated with a higher relative mortality during the first postoperative day compared to surgery with uncemented HA, but there was no difference after seven days up until five years after. In contrast, surgery with cemented HA was associated with lower risk of reoperation up to five years postoperatively compared with surgery with uncemented HA. There was a higher relative mortality on the first postoperative day for cemented HA versus uncemented HA. There was no difference in mortality after seven days up until five years after surgery. There were 6.1% reoperations for cemented HA compared to 10.2% for uncemented HA after five years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):127–133.
Should all patients with a culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection be treated with antibiotics?
Authors: van Sloten Maxime , Gómez-Junyent Joan , Ferry Tristan , Rossi Nicolò , Petersdorf Sabine , Lange Jeppe , Corona Pablo , Araújo Abreu Miguel , Borens Olivier , Zlatian Ovidiu , Soundarrajan Dhanasekaran , Rajasekaran S. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan ,   On behalf of the ESCMID Study Group of Implant Associated Infections (ESGIAI)
Published: December 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) when adequate methods of culture are used, and to evaluate the outcome in patients who were treated with antibiotics for a culture-negative PJI compared with those in whom antibiotics were withheld. Methods A multicentre observational study was undertaken: 1,553 acute and 1,556 chronic PJIs, diagnosed between 2013 and 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Culture-negative PJIs were diagnosed according to the Muskuloskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), International Consensus Meeting (ICM), and European Bone and Joint Society (EBJIS) definitions. The primary outcome was recurrent infection, and the secondary outcome was removal of the prosthetic components for any indication, both during a follow-up period of two years. Results None of the acute PJIs and 70 of the chronic PJIs (4.7%) were culture-negative; a total of 36 culture-negative PJIs (51%) were treated with antibiotics, particularly those with histological signs of infection. After two years of follow-up, no recurrent infections occurred in patients in whom antibiotics were withheld. The requirement for removal of the components for any indication during follow-up was not significantly different in those who received antibiotics compared with those in whom antibiotics were withheld (7.1% vs 2.9%; p = 0.431). Conclusion When adequate methods of culture are used, the incidence of culture-negative PJIs is low. In patients with culture-negative PJI, antibiotic treatment can probably be withheld if there are no histological signs of infection. In all other patients, diagnostic efforts should be made to identify the causative microorganism by means of serology or molecular techniques. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):183–188.