bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length of PM2.5 exposure and alterations in the serum metabolome among women undergoing infertility treatment
Authors: Hood Robert B. , Liang Donghai , Tang Ziyin , Kloog Itai , Schwartz Joel , Laden Francine , Jones Dean , Gaskins Audrey J. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Both acute and chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been linked to negative health outcomes. Studies have used metabolomics to describe the biological pathways linking PM2.5 with disease but have focused on a single exposure window. We compared alterations in the serum metabolome following various short- and long-term PM2.5 exposures.

Methods:
Participants were women undergoing in vitro fertilization at a New England fertility clinic (n = 200). Women provided their residential address and provided a blood sample during controlled ovarian stimulation. PM2.5 exposure was estimated in the 1, 2, and 3 days, 2 weeks, and 3 months prior to blood collection using a validated spatiotemporal model. We utilized liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We used generalized linear models to test for associations between metabolomic features and PM2.5 exposures after adjusting for potential confounders. Significant features (P < 0.005) were used for pathway analysis and metabolite identification.

Results:
We identified 17 pathways related to amino acid, lipid, energy, and nutrient metabolism that were solely associated with acute PM2.5 exposure. Fifteen pathways, mostly, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, amino acid, and energy metabolism, were solely associated with long-term PM2.5 exposure. Seven pathways were associated with the majority of exposure windows and were mostly related to anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism. Among the significant features, we confirmed seven metabolites with level-1 evidence.

Conclusions:
We identified serum metabolites and metabolic pathways uniquely associated with acute versus chronic PM2.5 exposure. These different biologic pathways may help explain differences in disease states when investigating different lengths of PM2.5 exposure.
DMEK Without Postoperative Supine Posturing
Authors: Parker Jack S. , Parker John S. , Tate Hudson , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of graft detachment after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) without postoperative supine posturing.

Methods:
A total of 106 eyes of 84 patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy or bullous keratopathy (BK) were operated by a single experienced surgeon with DMEK with a 99% anterior chamber air bubble fill, recovered in an upright (seated) position, and then discharged without instructions to remain supine. Postoperatively, all eyes were evaluated for graft detachment through anterior segment optical coherence tomography at predetermined intervals (1 d, 1 wk, and 1 mo). Detachments were regarded as clinically significant if they subtended 30% of the total graft surface area or involved the visual axis.

Results:
Clinically significant graft detachments were observed in 23 of 106 eyes (22%) in the no-supine posturing cohort, including 22 of 85 eyes (26%) operated for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and 1 of 21 eyes (5%) operated for BK. Compared with a historical comparison group of eyes undergoing DMEK with 48 hours of postoperative supine posturing, the risk of graft detachment was not increased. In both cohorts, 6% of operated eyes required regrafting for either persistent detachment or primary graft failure. No additional intraoperative or postoperative complications were experienced.

Conclusions:
Particularly in eyes operated for BK, the supine posturing requirement after DMEK may be eliminated without increasing the absolute risk for clinically significant graft detachment.
Myeloid Sarcoma of the Temporal Bone: A Unique Cause of Hearing Loss, Otalgia, and Facial Nerve Weakness
Authors: Zheng Henry D. , Abdel-Aty Yassmeen , Taylor Cullen , Engholdt Jaime , Robetorye Ryan S. , Hoxworth Joseph M. , Marks Lisa , Weisskopf Peter A. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To characterize a clinical triad of symptoms associated with myeloid sarcomas of the temporal bone via a review of all previously reported cases.

Methods:
Case report and Ovid MEDLINE database literature review.

Results:
A literature search revealed that a clinical triad of hearing loss, otalgia, and facial nerve weakness are commonly associated with this rare presentation of myeloid sarcoma in the temporal bone. 44% (18/41) of patients presented with all three symptoms, while 76% (31/41) presented with at least two. The presence of t(8;21) was reported in nine patients with myeloid sarcomas of the temporal bone.

Conclusions:
Although myeloid sarcomas are exceedingly rare, it is necessary to consider them as part of the differential diagnosis for patients who might present with middle ear and mastoid opacification on computed tomography (CT) scan, hearing loss, otalgia, and facial nerve palsy. Physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion in patients with a history of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially if previous cytogenetic analysis revealed a t(8;21).
Serum uric acid concentration is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in hypertensive Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Wen , Wang Qian , Yang Nan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose.
This study is to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid levels and hyperhomocysteinemia Chinese adult patients with hypertension.

Methods.
We enrolled 981 hypertensive patients, including unmedicated hypertensives, in our study. There were 453 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperhomocysteinemia hypertension group) and 528 without it (ordinary hypertension group). We collected histories of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and smoking and tested patients’ BMI, blood pressure, fasting serum uric acid, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum creatinine, and homocysteine. Subjects were stratified into four groups according to their serum uric acid quartiles: Q1 group, 249 cases (≤268 μmol/L); Q2 group, 245 cases (269–322 μmol/L); Q3 group, 244 cases (323–378 μmol/L); and Q4 group, 243 cases (≥379 μmol/L). We employ logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid levels and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with hypertension.

Results.
We find that there were significant differences in gender distribution, serum uric acid, BMI, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in groups Q1 through Q4 was 26.91% (67/249), 45.31% (111/245), 47.01% (117/244), and 65.02% (158/243), respectively, after adjusting for relevant factors, we find that the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in the Q4 group was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.83–4.93).

Conclusion.
We find evidence that an elevated serum uric acid level is an independent indicator for hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with hypertension.
Nutritional impact of omega 3 fatty acids and metabolites in acute and chronic critical illness
Authors: Vanzant Erin , Loftus Tyler , Kamel Amir , Carmichael Ethan , Rosenthal Martin D. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Lipids have been utilized historically as a calorie dense means to ensure delivery of essential fatty acids (FA). Since the development of mixed lipid emulsion and investigation of immunomodulatory formulas, there has been an awakening that not all lipids are created equal. This narrative review focuses on contemporary evidence in the utilization of lipids (namely omega 3 fatty acids) in both acute and chronic critical illness.

Recent findings
Though randomized control trials and meta-analyses provide little guidance regarding clinical practice for patients suffering from chronic critical illness, available literature suggests the potential to use lipid formulas to decrease the inflammatory cycle that drives catabolism. Additionally, this review will address the expanding evidence that specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) may be the future of immunomodulating inflammation in acute and chronic critical illness and the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome (PICS).

Summary
Although societal guidelines, expert consensus, and literature support the use of omega 3 fatty acids in the acute critically ill population, more research is needed regarding omega 3 fatty acids for chronic critical illness and PICS.
Foreign body reaction mimicking local recurrence from polyactide adhesion barrier film after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Chan , Hsu Chao-Wen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Polyactide (PLA) barrier is one of the most commonly used materials to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesion. Even though previous studies supported the anti-adhesion efficacy of PLA barrier, there have been limited reports focusing on the associated foreign body reaction. We sought to investigate the potential complication of PLA barrier placement that could lead to unnecessary intervention.
This is a retrospective study of colorectal cancer patients with laparoscopic surgery. Cases with stage IV unresectable disease, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance, death within 3 months after the surgery, and insufficient record were excluded. A total of 296 cases were identified in our study and 220 patients received PLA film placement. We compared the incidence of foreign body reaction between the patients with and without PLA film.
Among PLA film group, 16 cases had signs of local recurrence on the follow-up image studies. The subsequent operation found 10 patients had no cancerous lesions but only foreign-body-associated granulomas. The incidence of foreign body reaction mimicking local recurrence on image study was 4.5% with high false positive rate of 62.5% on positron emission tomography scan in patients with PLA film. There were only 2 cases without the antiadhesive barrier developed signs of recurrence during active surveillance. Both cases were later confirmed to have malignant peritoneal seeding.
The PLA film was associated with rare foreign body reaction that could interfere the accuracy of follow-up program and result in unnecessary surgical intervention. Hence, we recommend avoiding the use of the PLA barrier.
The rs1458038 variant near FGF5 is associated with poor response to calcium channel blockers among Filipinos
Authors: Punzalan Felix Eduardo R. , Cutiongco – de la Paz Eva Maria C. , Nevado Jose Jr. B. , Magno Jose Donato A. , Ona Deborah Ignacia D. , Aman Aimee Yvonne Criselle L. , Tiongson Marc Denver A. , Llanes Elmer Jasper B. , Reganit Paul Ferdinand M. , Tiongco Richard Henry P. , Santos Lourdes Ella G. , Aherrera Jaime Alfonso M. , Abrahan Lauro L. , Agustin Charlene F. , Bejarin Adrian John P. , Sy Rody G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Genetic variation is known to affect response to calcium channel blockers (CCBs) among different populations. This study aimed to determine the genetic variations associated with poor response to this class of antihypertensive drugs among Filipinos.
One hundred eighty one hypertensive participants on CCBs therapy were included in an unmatched case-control study. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid were extracted and genotyped for selected genetic variants. Regression analysis was used to determine the association of genetic and clinical variables with poor response to medication.
The variant rs1458038 near fibroblast growth factor 5 gene showed significant association with poor blood pressure-lowering response based on additive effect (CT genotype: adjusted OR 3.41, P = .001; TT genotype: adjusted OR 6.72, P < .001).
These findings suggest that blood pressure response to calcium channels blockers among Filipinos with hypertension is associated with gene variant rs1458038 near fibroblast growth factor 5 gene. Further studies are recommended to validate such relationship of the variant to the CCB response.
Cutaneous presentation of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in a non-transplant patient with hematological malignancy
Authors: Yu Hung-Chuan , Liu Wang-Da , Kuo Po-Hsien , Lin Chien-Chin , Wu Un-In 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is relatively uncommon in nontransplant hematological patients. Moreover, cutaneous manifestations of CMV diseases have scarcely been reported and are probably under-recognized.

Patient concerns:
We describe a patient with large B-cell lymphoma who developed a band-form, erythematous lesion over his left abdomen soon after the second course of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone chemotherapy.

Diagnoses:
The lesion was initially mistaken for bacterial cellulitis or herpes zoster and was histologically confirmed as cutaneous CMV infection. Subsequent work-up also detected CMV viremia and the presence of CMV meningoencephalitis.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with ganciclovir plus CMV immune globulin followed by foscarnet.

Outcomes:
Although the patient's cutaneous lesion resolved, his cognitive impairment did not recover, and he developed a fatal multi-organ failure 1 month later.

Lessons:
Cutaneous CMV disease can herald multisystem involvement and an unfavorable prognosis in immunocompromised hosts. It should be ruled out with biopsy in patients with hematological malignancy who have cutaneous lesions refractory to antibacterial therapy.
Efficacy and safety of sacubitril valsartan in treating heart failure with midrange ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction in diabetic patients
Authors: Ye Fanhao , Li Hebo , Chen Xiaoshu , Wang Yi , Lin Wei , Chen Hao , Huang Shiwei , Han Sisi , Guan Fanlu , Huang Zhouqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sacubitril valsartan in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with midrange ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetic patients. From January 2015 to July 2020, HF patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with AMI were retrospectively analyzed. According to the medication, they were divided into 2 groups, that is, sacubitril valsartan group (84 cases) and valsartan group (86 cases). Valsartan group took valsartan capsule (80 mg/capsule, Beijing Novartis Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) 80 mg, qd, on the basis of routine treatment. On the basis of routine treatment, the sacubitril valsartan group took sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets (50 mg/tablet, Beijing Novartis Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd), the initial dose was 25 mg, bid, and gradually increased to the target dose according to the patient's blood pressure. After 12 months of treatment, the independent sample t test showed that the left ventricular end diastolic dimension in the sacubitril valsartan group was lower than that in the valsartan group [(47.26 ± 4.71) mm vs (50.05 ± 5.62) mm, P < .001]. The left ventricular ejection fraction in the sacubitril valsartan group was higher than that in the valsartan group [(54.76 ± 4.24)% vs (49.28 ± 3.74)%, P < .001]. χ2 inspection showed that the readmission rate in the sacubitril valsartan group was lower than that in the valsartan group (7.14% vs 18.60%, P < .05). Sacubitril valsartan has good safety and tolerability in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with AMI who have HF with midrange ejection fraction. Compared with valsartan, sacubitril valsartan can improve the left ventricular function better and reduce the readmission rate due to HF in these patients.
A prediction model for 30-day deaths of cirrhotic patients in intensive care unit hospitalization
Authors: Hu Yuyuan , Chen Dongling , Li Qian , Yin Guichun , Zhang Xianjun , Wang Yachun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a prediction model for 30-day deaths of cirrhotic patients in intensive care unit.
A case-control study involving 1840 patients was conducted in the Medical Information Mart of the Intensive Care Database III version 1.4. The logistic regression with L1 regularization was used to screen out the variables. The 30-day in-hospital death was used as the dependent variable and the selected variables were used as the independent variable to build a random forest model. The performance of the model was validated by the internal validation.
The variables screened by logistic regression analysis were the age, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Oxygen saturation, white blood cells, platelets, red cell distribution width, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, bicarbonate, total bilirubin, hematocrit, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. The areas under the curve of the random forest model based on these variables was 0.908, and the performance of this model were internally validated with an areas under the curve of 0.801. The random forest model displayed that Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin and bilirubin were more important predictors for the 30-day death of cirrhotic patients in intensive care unit.
A prediction model for death of cirrhotic patients was developed based on a random forest analysis, providing a tool to evaluate the patients with a high risk of 30-day in-hospital deaths to help clinician make preventive intervention to decrease the mortality.
Postoperative thoracogastric necrosis associated with thoracogastric–tracheal fistula of an endoscopic McKeown-type resection of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yanhong , Ren Zixue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Postoperative thoracogastric necrosis (TGN) associated with thoracogastric-tracheal fistula (TGTF) of an endoscopic McKeown-type resection of esophageal carcinoma is rare and has a poor prognosis and high mortality. Few cases have been reported and successful treatment is rare. Surgery is the major treatment option.

Patient concerns:
A 71-year-old man was hospitalized in a local hospital for more than 2 months due to dysphagia. The patient was previously healthy and had no underlying diseases.

Diagnosis:
TGN associated with TGTF of an endoscopic McKeown-type resection of esophageal carcinoma.

Intervention:
Two-stage surgeries were performed.

Outcome:
The patient recovered well at the time of the follow-up examination on April 4, 2021 with an ECOG score of 0.

Conclusion:
Staging surgery can be an alternative treatment for TGN associated with TGTF of an endoscopic McKeown-type resection of esophageal carcinoma.
Postlaryngectomy supraglottic stenosis revealed by three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction
Authors: Chon JinYoung , Hong SungJin , Lee SangHoon , Shin MinJung , Cha SeungHee , Lee JiYung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Supraglottic stenosis is a rare cause of airway obstruction. It can be induced by radiation, trauma, autoimmune diseases, or caustic exposure, and is often misdiagnosed as asthma. Detailed airway information is necessary to re-establish the normal functioning of the airway.

Patient concerns:
A 78-year-old woman with severe dyspnea and hypercarbia was scheduled for surgery to resolve airway obstruction, previously known as supraglottic stenosis.

Diagnoses:
To determine the exact internal shape of the stenotic lesion, we reconstructed three dimensional computed tomography (CT) images depicted a tubular supraglottic stenosis.

Interventions:
The patient underwent tracheotomy under monitored anesthesia care and local anesthesia, followed by general anesthesia. For long-term management of the patient, the otorhinolaryngologist excised the supraglottic stricture via micro-laryngeal surgery using a CO2 laser and applied mitomycin to prevent further obstruction.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered uneventfully after anesthesia, and symptom due to supraglottic stenosis was improved.

Lessons:
During airway management of patients with postlaryngectomy supraglottic stenosis, three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography images facilitate airway configuration in addition to endoscopy and other radiological findings.
Etiology of Nasal Bone Fracture: A Retrospective Analysis of 1,441 Patients in China
Authors: Zhang Pu , Zhao Jing , Zang Meirong , Gao Haitao , Wang Xin , Mu Junshang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nasal bone fracture is the most common injury in the craniofacial area. Understanding the etiology of nasal bone fracture is important for the development of preventive public health programs. In this study, the authors retrospectively examined medical records to extract information about sex, age, injury time, injury cause, occupation, and place of residence (urban or rural) from 1441 patients with nasal bone fracture to investigate the etiology of nasal bone fracture in China. Among the 1441 patients, the ratio of males to females was 3.4:1. The mean patient age was 29.25 years. The most common occupation was student (31.02%). Violence was the most common cause of injury in male patients (35.82%), whereas slip-and-fall accidents were the most common cause in female patients (32.11%). Violence was the most common cause of injury in both urban and rural patients, and 74.19% were attacked by others without a weapon. This report provides important data about the etiology of nasal bone fracture in China and will help improve nasal bone fracture prevention measures.
Nasal Tip Remodeling Using Autologous Cartilage Grafts: Systematic Review
Authors: Gentile Pietro , Cervelli Valerio 
Published: February 2022

Objective:The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the clinical outcomes and safety profile of autologous cartilage grafts (A-CGs) in nasal tip remodeling (NTR).Methods:The protocol was developed following the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Protocols guidelines. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been performed to identify papers on A-CGs use in NTR. Of the 253 articles initially identified, only 39 articles providing either retrospective (n= 35) or prospective (n= 4) data about outcomes, descriptions, and complications of the A-CGs use in NTR were selected. Of these, 3 articles focused on alloplastic grafts were excludedResults:The nasal septum, concha, and ribs have been the main donor sites to build A-CGs to be used in NTR. Septal cartilage turned out to a specific and versatile, useful for many types of grafts tools, presenting a low rate of resorption, extrusion, and warping. Auricular concha cartilage has been used to correct both the internal and external nasal valve collapse, whereas rib chondral grafts have been used to improve the structural support when septal cartilage was not available. Crushed cartilage, minced cartilage, and diced cartilage have been used in noses with thinner soft tissues.Conclusions:Eighty percent of the analyzed studies focused on the description of the adopted surgical technique and A-CGs procedures of preparation, displaying encouraging aesthetic and functional outcomes with generally low levels of complications. Collected data confirmed the safety and efficacy of A-CGs-related interventions in NTR without major side effects.