bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopenia in Scaphoid Fracture: An Indicator of Good Prognosis or Is it Cause for Concern?
Authors: Singh Chander Mohan , Prasad Manish , Thakur Kamparsh , Vig Varun 
Published: January 2022

Case:
A 32-year-old man sustained a scaphoid waist fracture and was managed nonoperatively in a short-arm cast. Radiographic follow-up at 6 weeks showed marked loss of radiodensity of the whole scaphoid, although the fracture was clinically united. Patchy ossification at 3 months was followed by the complete restoration of radiodensity and trabecular pattern by 20 weeks. The patient had an uneventful and full functional recovery.

Conclusion:
This, perhaps unreported, finding seems to be an indicator of preserved vascularity in scaphoid fractures. Further research/reporting of this radiological pattern in these fractures will help improve their understanding and management.
Repair of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Lateral Femoral Condyle by a Trochlea Osteochondral Autograft
Authors: Ogawa Hiroyasu , Matsumoto Kazu , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: January 2022

Case:
A 17-year-old adolescent boy with large deep osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the right lateral femoral condyle was treated with ipsilateral trochlea osteochondral autograft transplantation combined with iliac cancellous bone grafting to the donor site of the lateral trochlea. Both autografts were fused 3 months after surgery. It was radiographically confirmed that the OCD lesion was successfully reconstructed.

Conclusion:
This procedure is an alternative surgical option for large and deep OCDs. It offers sufficient loading strength to the joint and adequate reconstruction of the congruent joint surface and can be performed at any regular facility.
Real-Time 3D Analysis During Tomographic Experiments using tomviz
Authors: Hovden Robert , Schwartz Jonathan , Harris Chris , Pietryga Jacob , Zheng Huihuo , Kumar Prashant , Visheratina Anastasiia , Kotov Nicholas , Major Brianna , Avery Patrick , Ercius Peter , Ayachit Utkarsh , Geveci Berk , Muller David , Genova Alessandro , Jiang Yi , Hanwell Marcus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The demand for high-throughput electron tomography is rapidly increasing in biological and material sciences. However, this 3D imaging technique is computationally bottlenecked by alignment and reconstruction which runs from hours to days. We demonstrate real-time tomography with dynamic 3D tomographic visualization to enable rapid interpretation of specimen structure immediately as data is collected on an electron microscope. We show volumetric interpretation can begin in less than 10 minutes and a high-quality tomogram is available within 30 minutes. Real-time tomography is integrated into tomviz, an open-source and cross-platform 3D data analysis tool that contains intuitive graphical user interfaces (GUI), to enable any scientist to characterize biological and material structure in 3D.
Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials, Indoor Radon Measurements and Assessment of the Associated Risk Indicators in Some Localities of the Centre-region, Cameroon
Authors: II Joseph Emmanuel Ndjana Nkoulou , MANGA André , - Saïdou , GERMAN Olga , SAINZ-FERNANDEZ Carlos , Njock Moïse Godfroy Kwato 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of the current study is to investigate natural radioactivity of some building materials, the resulting long-term external and internal effective dose equivalents (EEDE and IEDE) analysis followed by indoor radon measurements as well as the assessment of some radiological risk indicators associated with radon exposure. A total of 37 samples of building materials were analyzed with a sodium iodide detector (NaI (Tl)) and the computer code RESRAD-BUILD was used for the analysis of the EEDE and IEDE of the structural elements of the houses (walls and floor). For indoor radon measurements, 140 houses were selected and in each of them was placed 01 RADTRAK dosimeter. Inhalation dose, total dose and some radiological risk indicators were calculated. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for the overall sampled building materials were found to vary between 10±2–52±7, 10±1–95±10 and 31±1– 673±20 Bq kg-1 respectively. The dwelling types with bare brick walls, cement mortar plastered walls and concrete floors show EEDE and IEDE values well below the recommended limits. The corresponding dwelling types contributions to the measured average indoor radon concentration (42±12 Bq m-3) are 22%, 13% and 16% respectively. Inhalation dose resulting from the measured indoor radon concentrations varies from 0.35 to 3.24 mSv y-1 with a mean value of 0.96±0.55 mSv y-1, which represents about 65% of the total dose simulated (1.49±0.88 mSv y-1) by the RESRAD-BUILD code. The overall analysis of indoor radon-related radiological risk indicators shows low levels of risk relative to permissible limits.
Homelessness by Chris Gartner In The Pursuit Of Happiness Movie: Individual Psychological Approach
Authors: Choirudin Fachriza Mukhlis , Nugroho Abdillah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Pursuit of Happiness is a movie that tell about the struggles and obstacles of life. It is based on true sotry by Chris Gardner (played by Will Smith) before he get his dream job that would absolutely give him and his son (played by Jayden, Smith's son) a better financial and will allow them to walk on normal lives like the people middle class in America. The film focuses on the challenges Chris Gardner faces in achieving his goal and how he was able to achieve it. This research aims to describe about the homelessness that happened to Chris Gardner and how he can survive it until he got success. The method for this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. The main source for this research The Pursuit of Happiness movie. The data in this study is script that consist of dialogue on the movie. The result of this research show the illustrate of homelessness portrayed by Gardner.
Microsatellite analysis and polymorphic marker development based on the full-length transcriptome of Camellia chekiangoleosa
Authors: Tian Qianqian , Huang Bin , Huang Jianjian , Dong Le , Yin Xin , Wen Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Camellia chekiangoleosa is a popular variety of oil-tea camellia and has high oil production and ornamental value. Microsatellite (SSR) markers are the preferred tool for the molecular marker-assisted breeding of C. chekiangoleosa. By focusing on the problems of the low development efficiency of polymorphic SSR markers and lack of available functional markers in oil-tea camellia, we identified 97510 SSR loci based on the full-length transcriptome sequence of C. chekiangoleosa. An analysis of microsatellite characteristics showed that mononucleotide (51.29%) and dinucleotide (34.36%) SSRs were the main repeat types. The main SSR distribution areas based on proportion covered were ordered as follows: 5'UTR > 3'UTR > CDS. By comparing our data with that in databases such as GO and KEGG, we obtained functional annotations of unigene sequences containing SSR sites. The data showed that the amplification efficiency of the SSR primers was 51.72%, and the development efficiency of polymorphic SSR primers was 26.72%. Experiments verified that dinucleotide and pentanucleotide SSRs located in UTR regions could produce more polymorphic markers. An investigation into the genetic diversity of several C. chekiangoleosa populations also suggested that the developed SSR markers had higher levels of polymorphism. This study will provide a reference and high-quality markers for the large-scale development of functional SSR markers and genetic research in oil-tea camellia.
Evaluation of a Web-Based Resource to Improve Menstrual Health Literacy and Self- Management in Young Women
Authors: Armour Mike , Parry Kelly , Curry Christina , Ferfolja Tania , Parker Melissa , Farooqi Toobah , MacMillan Freya , Smith Caroline A , Holmes Kathryn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Menstrual cycle-related conditions, such as dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding, are common amongst those under 25. Despite having significant impact on work, education, and social activities, most do not seek medical advice, preferring to self-manage their symptoms. We aimed to determine if access to a web-based resource could improve health literacy, reduce menstrual symptoms, and encourage health-seeking behaviour in those at risk of conditions such as endometriosis. People were eligible to participate if they were currently living in Australia, aged 14-25 yrs and had menstruated for at least 12 months. Access to the resource was for three menstrual cycles. Seventy-five participants with a mean age of 20.4 years enrolled to use the web-based resource. Forty-three percent visited their doctor regarding their menstrual symptoms during the study period, with 84% indicating that they made the appointment due to the resource; over half (56%) who visited their doctor received a referral to a gynaecologist. There were clinically relevant improvements in health literacy reflecting improved confidence of participants regarding having adequate information and skills to manage their symptoms. A low-cost, web-based resource can improve health literacy, provide effective options for self-management of menstrual cycle-related conditions, and motivate young people to see medical advice.
The Immune Microenvironment Features and Response to Immunotherapy in EBV-associated Lymphoepithelioma-like Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nai-Jung Chiang , Hou Ya-Chin , Tan Kien Thiam , Tsai Hung-Wen , Lin Yih-Jyh , Yeh Yi-Chen , Chen Li-Tzong , Hou Ya-Fu , Chen Ming-Huang , Shan Yan-Shen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims Limited data are available for tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (EBV-LELCC), a rare subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). We aimed to investigate TIME features in EBV-LELCC and the correlation between the components of TIME and the clinical outcomes. Methods Tumor tissues from Five EBV-LELCC cases confirmed through EBER in situ hybridization and five stage-matched conventional IHCC (non-EBV IHCC) cases were collected. These samples were used to evaluate genetic alterations, TIME composition, and PD-L1 expression through ion AmpliSeq comprehensive cancer panel, PanCancer immune profiling panel, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. The correlation between clinical outcomes and TIME components was analyzed in the two EBV-LELCC cases receiving anti-PD-1 treatment.Results The genetic mutations identified in EBV-LELCC were BARD1, CD19, CD79B, EPHA5, KDM5A, MUC6, MUC16, PTEN, RECQL4, TET1, and TNFAIP3. PD-L1 was highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially the T cells and macrophages. The TIME of EBV-LELCC displayed abundant immune cell infiltration with a stronger adaptive immune response. Increased Th1 cells, NK CD56dim cells, and M1 macrophages, decreased M2 macrophages, exhausted CD8 T cell infiltration, and increased T cell activation signatures in TIME were associated with longer survival. Two patients with metastatic EBV-LELCC had good disease control after anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. A significantly larger TIME component made EBV-LELCCs more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Conclusion A better understanding of the composition of TIME in EBV-LELCC is critical for predicting the clinical outcomes of ICB treatment.
Meta-Heuristic Optimizer Inspired by the Philosophy of Yi Jing
Authors: Tang Ho-Kin , Cai Qing , Goh Sim Kuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Drawing inspiration from the philosophy of Yi Jing, the Yin-Yang pair optimization (YYPO) algorithm has been shown to achieve competitive performance in single objective optimizations, in addition to the advantage of low time complexity when compared to other population-based meta-heuristics. Building upon Yi Jing, we propose the novel Yi optimization (YI) algorithm. Specifically, we enhance the Yin-Yang pair in YYPO with a proposed Yi-point, in which we use Cauchy flight to update the solution, by implementing both the harmony and reversal concept of Yi Jing. The proposed Yi-point balances both the effort of exploration and exploitation in the optimization process. To examine YI, we use the IEEE CEC 2017 benchmarks and compare YI against the dynamical YYPO, CV1.0 optimizer, and four classical optimizers, i.e., the differential evolution, the genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization, and the simulated annealing. According to the experimental results, YI shows highly competitive performance while keeping the low time complexity. The results of this work have implications for enhancing a meta-heuristic optimizer using the philosophy of Yi Jing.
Human Infection with a Reassortant Swine-Origin Influenza A(H1N2)v Virus in Taiwan, 2021
Authors: Yang Ji-Rong , Kuo Chuan-Yi , Yu I-Ling , Kung Fang-Yen , Wu Fang-Tzy , Lin Jen-Shiou , Liu Ming-Tsan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Influenza A virus infections occur in different species, causing mild-to-severe symptoms that lead to a heavy disease burden. H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 are major subtypes of swine influenza A viruses in pigs and occasionally infect humans.Methods: A case infected by novel influenza virus was found through laboratory surveillance system for influenza viruses. Clinical specimens were tested by virus culture and/or real-time RT–PCR. The virus was identified and characterized by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysisResults: In 2021, for the first time in Taiwan, an influenza A(H1N2)v virus was isolated from a 5-year old girl who was suffering from fever, runny nose and cough. The isolated virus was designated A/Taiwan/1/2021(H1N2)v. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A/Taiwan/1/2021(H1N2)v is a novel reassortant virus containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments derived from swine influenza A(H1N2) viruses that may have been circulating in Taiwan for decades, and the other 6 internal genes (PB2, PB2, PA, NP, M and NS) are from human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.Conclusion: Notably, the HA and NA genes of A/Taiwan/1/2021(H1N2)v separately belong to specific clades that are unique for Taiwanese swine and were proposed to be introduced from humans in different time periods. Bidirectional transmission between humans and swine contributes to influenza virus diversity and poses the next pandemic threat.
Direct production of polyhydroxybutyrate and alginate from nitrogen-free waste/crude glycerol by Azotobacter vinelandii under atmospheric nitrogen conditions
Authors: Yoshida Nobuhiro , Takase Ryuichi , Sugahara Yoshimi , Nambu Yuko , Hashimoto Wataru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
While biodiesel fuel is drawing attention as an environmentally friendly fuel, use of waste/crude glycerol, a byproduct of the fuel production process, has increasingly become an essential subject to be solved. Here we show the development of a low-cost fermentation technology using an atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacterium to recycle waste/crude glycerol into functional biopolymers. Azotobacter vinelandii showed significant growth on tap water-diluted waste/crude glycerol without any pretreatment. Cell number of viable A. vinelandii increased over 1,000-fold under the optimal growth conditions. Most glycerol (~0.2%) in the waste/crude glycerol medium was completely depleted within 48 h of cultivation. The production of useful polymers, such as polyhydroxybutyrate and alginate, was also observed. Alginate productivity was increased 10-fold by blocking polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis pathway. Although there are few examples of using waste/crude glycerol directly as a carbon source for microbial fermentation, there are no reports on the use of waste/crude glycerol without adding nitrogen source. This study indicates that it is possible to develop a technology to produce industrially useful polymers from waste/crude glycerol by energy-saving and energy-efficient fermentation using atmospheric nitrogen-fixing A. vinelandii.
Development of a Point-of-Care Immunochromatographic Test Based on Rhoptry Protein 14 for Serological Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Swine
Authors: Yang Yimin , Huang Yechuan , Zhao XianFeng , Lin Mi , Chen Lulu , Zhao Mingxiu , Chen Xueqiu , Yang Yi , Ma Guangxu , Yao Chaoqun , Huang Siyang , Du Aifang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, a worldwide distributed apicomplexan protozoan, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and may cause toxoplasmosis. Globally, the prevalence of T. gondii in pigs varies between 10% and 60%. Therefore, the detection and prevention of swine toxoplasmosis is essential for agriculture and public health. In order to provide a point-of-care detection method for T. gondii infection in swine, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was established. Methods: A sequence corresponding to amino acids 619-1061 of T. gondii rhoptry protein 14 (TgROP14) was cloned from T. gondii cDNA and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against TgROP14 were prepared by immunizing BalB/c mice with the recombinant TgROP14 (rTgROP14), and the specificity, subtype, titer and concentration of the mAb were analysed. An immunochromatographic strip (ICT) based on purified rTgROP14, recombinant protein A and mAb against TgROP14 was developed. The specificity, sensitivity, and stability of this new ICT were evaluated. Finally, 436 porcine sera sampled from Zhejiang province in China were tested using the new ICT and a commercial IHA kit to assess the relative sensitivity and specificity.Results: rTgROP14 could be specifically recognized by positive serum of T. gondii but not negative serum. The mAb TgROP14-5D5 shows higher specific recognition of T. gondii antigens and was therefore selected for subsequent colloidal gold strip construction. The new ICT based on TgROP14 exhibited good diagnostic performance with high specificity (89.6%) and sensitivity (100%). Among 436 field porcine sera, ICT and IHA each detected 134 (30.7%) and 99 (87.5%) positive samples, respectively. The relative agreement was 87.5%.Conclusions: This new ICT based on TgROP14 is a candidate for routine testing of T. gondii in the field.
Measured distribution of cloud chamber tracks from radioactive decay: a new empirical approach to investigating the quantum measurement problem
Authors: Schonfeld Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using publicly available video of a diffusion cloud chamber with a very small radioactive source, I measure the spatial distribution of where tracks start, and consider possible implications. This is directly relevant to the quantum measurement problem and its possible resolution, and appears never to have been done before. The raw data are relatively uncontrolled, leading to caveats that should guide future, more tailored experiments. Aspects of the results may suggest a modification to Born’s rule at very small wavefunction, with possibly profound implications for the detection of extremely rare events such as proton decay, but other explanations are not ruled out. Speculatively, I introduce two candidate small-wavefunction Born rule modifications, a hard cutoff, and an offset model with a stronger underlying physical rationale. Track distributions from decays in cloud chambers represent a previously unappreciated way to probe the foundations of quantum mechanics, and a novel case of wavefunctions with macroscopic signatures.
Temporal and spatial characterisation of protein liquid-liquid phase separation using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Bramham Jack , Golovanov Alexander 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein solutions is increasingly recognised as an important phenomenon in cell biology and biotechnology. However, opalescence and concentration fluctuations render LLPS difficult to study, particularly when characterising the kinetics of the phase transition and layer separation. Here, we demonstrate the use of a probe molecule trifluoroethanol (TFE) to characterise the kinetics of protein LLPS by NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift and linewidth of the probe molecule are sensitive to local protein concentration, with this sensitivity resulting in different characteristic signals arising from the dense and lean phases. Monitoring of these probe signals by conventional bulk-detection 19F NMR reports on the formation and evolution of both phases throughout the sample, including their concentrations and volumes. Meanwhile, spatially-selective 19F NMR, in which spectra are recorded from smaller slices of the sample, was used to track the distribution of the different phases during layer separation. This experimental strategy enables comprehensive characterisation of the process and kinetics of LLPS, and may be useful to study phase separation in protein systems as a function of their environment.
REA: Resource Exergy Analysis - A basic guideline for application focusing on energy systems evaluation
Authors: Jentsch Andrej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Evaluating energy systems using Resource Exergy Analysis (REA) is key to ensure that climate targets are reached in time.The reason for this effect is wastefulness. Wastefulness in otherwise GHG-free energy systems increases the amount of GHG-free energy supply required to cover a considered demand. That means that less GHG-free energy converters are available for the rest of the energy system and overall fossil fuel use is increased.REA allows to assess wastefulness comprehensively and thus obtain a key indicator in addition to GHG emissions, that is grounded in science, namely Resource Consumption. This publication provides a basic guideline to the application of Resource Exergy Analysis (REA) with a focus on energy systems evaluation. REA is a well-tested application of exergy analysis to the field of technology comparison that can replace the less comprehensive Primary Energy Analysis and reduce the risk of suboptimal decisions.
Airborne LiDAR-assisted deep learning methodology for riparian land cover classification using aerial photographs and its application for flood modelling
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Pan Shijun , Taniguchi Junichi , Nishiyama Satoshi , Kojima Takashi , Islam Md. Touhidul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In response to challenges in land cover classification (LCC), many researchers have experimented recently with classification methods based on artificial intelligence techniques. For LCC mapping of the vegetated Asahi River in Japan, the current study uses deep learning (DL)-based DeepLabV3+ module for image segmentation of aerial photographs. We modified the existing model by concatenating data on its resultant output port to access the airborne laser bathymetry (ALB) dataset, including voxel-based laser points and vegetation height (i.e. digital surface model data minus digital terrain model data). Findings revealed that the modified approach improved the accuracy of LCC greatly compared to our earlier unsupervised ALB-based method, with 25 and 35% improvement, respectively, in overall accuracy and the macro F1-score for November 2017 dataset (no–leaf condition). Finally, by estimating flow-resistance parameters in flood modelling using LCC mapping-derived data, we conclude that the upgraded DL methodology produces better fit between numerically analyzed and observed peak water levels.