bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underestimation of the impact of land cover change on the biophysical environment of the Arctic and boreal region of North America
Authors: Dashti Hamid , Smith William K , Huo Xueli , Fox Andrew M , Javadian Mostafa , Devine Charles J , Behrangi Ali , Moore David J P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Arctic and Boreal Region (ABR) is subject to extensive land cover change (LCC) due to elements such as wildfire, permafrost thaw, and shrubification. The natural and anthropogenic ecosystem transitions (i.e. LCC) alter key ecosystem characteristics including land surface temperature (LST), albedo, and evapotranspiration (ET). These biophysical variables are important in controlling surface energy balance, water exchange, and carbon uptake which are important factors influencing the warming trend over the ABR. However, to what extent these variables are sensitive to various LCC in heterogeneous systems such as ABR is still an open question. In this study, we use a novel data-driven approach based on high-resolution land cover data (2003 and 2013) over four million km2 to estimate the impact of multiple types of ecosystem transitions on LST, albedo, and ET. We also disentangle the contribution of LCC vs. natural variability of the system in changes in biophysical variables. Our results indicate that from 2003 to 2013 about 46% (∼2 million km2) of the region experienced LCC, which drove measurable changes to the biophysical environment across ABR over the study period. In almost half of the cases, LCC imposes a change in biophysical variables against the natural variability of the system. For example, in ∼35% of cases, natural variability led to −1.4 ± 0.9 K annual LST reduction, while LCC resulted in a 0.9 ± 0.6 K LST increase, which dampened the decrease in LST due to natural variability. In some cases, the impact of LCC was strong enough to reverse the sign of the overall change. Our results further demonstrate the contrasting sensitivity of biophysical variables to specific LCC. For instance, conversion of sparsely vegetated land to a shrub (i.e. shrubification) significantly decreased annual LST (−2.2 ± 0.1 K); whereas sparsely vegetated land to bare ground increased annual LST (1.6 ± 0.06 K). We additionally highlight the interplay between albedo and ET in driving changes in annual and seasonal LST. Whether our findings are generalizable to the spatial and temporal domain outside of our data used here is unknown, but merits future research due to the importance of the interactions between LCC and biophysical variables.
Key regions in the modulation of seasonal GMST variability by analyzing the two hottest years: 2016 vs. 2020
Authors: Li Ke-Xin , Zheng Fei , Luo De-Yang , Sun Cheng , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Following the end of the decadal-warming-hiatus in 2016, the global mean surface temperature (GMST) abruptly showed a 3 yr warming slowdown and peaked again in 2020, overturning the conventional concept that highest GMST occurs with strong El Niño. The high GMST in 2016 was controlled by secular trend and annual variability (ANV). However, the dominator of the sharp GMST rise in 2020 was SCT alone because the ANVs in different seasons canceled each other out in 2020, contributing little to the annual mean GMST. By analyzing the two hottest years, 2016 and 2020, we identified that seasonally varying ANVs are mainly located in Eurasia, North America, the Arctic Ocean, and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Dominance by surface temperatures over the four crucial regions on the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) GMST variations was also observed in 73% of the years during 1982–2021, indicating a potential opportunity to improve the S2S GMST forecast.
Nature’s contributions to people and the Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Biraj , Prescott Graham W , Urbach Davnah , Chettri Nakul , Fischer Markus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nature’s contributions to people (NCPs) underpin the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but are declining globally. It is therefore critical to identify the drivers of changes in NCPs, and to understand how and where NCPs can contribute towards the achievement of the SDGs. By integrating the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBESs) and the SDGs, we can obtain a better understanding of how changes in the state of NCPs support or hinder attainment of the SDGs, and how changes in NCPs are driven by development interventions. We conducted a systematic synthesis of the literature to determine the state of research on NCPs, trends in NCPs and their drivers, and the contribution of NCPs towards achieving the SDGs in Nepal, a low-income and highly biodiverse country. We found that NCPs contributed positively towards the achievement of 12 SDGs. However, NCPs were reported to be declining across Nepal, ultimately undermining Nepal’s ability to achieve SDG targets. The major direct drivers of decline were land-use change, over-exploitation, and climate change. These direct drivers were linked to conventional development interventions, including agricultural expansion and the construction of road and energy infrastructure. However, some interventions, such as community forestry and protected areas, increased the supply of NCPs. Better integration of Indigenous knowledge and local practices was also reported to be effective in improving the provision of NCPs and contributing to improving livelihoods at local scales. We identified opportunities for further research in NCPs, particularly in increasing geographical representativeness and improving our understanding of non-material NCPs. Our approach of combining the IPBES conceptual framework and the SDGs enabled us to more comprehensively identify how progress towards the SDGs are mediated by NCPs and provides actionable guidelines for how to take more integrative measures to achieve the SDGs in Nepal and countries facing similar development challenges.
Interior Design Guidelines for Reducing the Negative Impacts of Electromagnetic Fields at Residential Workspace
Authors: Algumbari G A , Nagy G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pandemic changed human lives, instructions and rules for maintaining social distancing to limit the spread of the virus were imposed. Institutions were forced to adapt working from home mode, the new remote working lifestyle approach emphasizing the strong existence of e-environment facilities (e-learning, e-government, e-commerce) this led to a huge diffusion in the usage of devices that are considered man-made electromagnetic sources in indoor spaces that are poorly designed for long Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) exposure example of these devices are computers, smartphones, wireless routers, home appliances, and other electronic devices. These EMF sources have several harmful effects on human health, such as stress, headaches, anxiety, and increase risk of cancer. Therefore, this research aims to develop interior design guidelines to reduce the electromagnetic fields negative impacts on the residential workspace in Egypt. First, a qualitative data collecting approach in literature review was conducted then a measurement scale for the protection levels have been defined. Followed by the analytical case studies analysed according to the deduced scale to identify key aspects pertaining to the design for space that reduces (EMF). Research findings provide a guideline for protecting occupants from excessive electrosmog exposure by using light finishing colours, following design standards, right furniture arrangement, ergonomics, relying on natural lighting, ventilation and applying shielding materials.
New Healthcare Design Guidelines for the Diagnostic Radiology Department in the Tertiary Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Eltahlawy Dalia , Zaki Mahmoud , Eldawla Marwa Kamar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The past 10 years have witnessed significant progress in diagnostic imaging through the digital transformation, the evolution of imaging technologies, and future functional requirements. Designers and architects who specialize in healthcare must provide a modern, adaptable built environment that provides the best care for the patient. As a result, the research focused on discussing that problem through three main axes: (the first axis) a presentation of the types of diagnostic radiology methods, (the second axis) studying the relationship between information technology and the programming and planning stage of the diagnostic radiology department, (the third axis) studying the design and technical considerations and their impact on the design of the spaces of the Diagnostic Radiology Department. The results of these axes were applied during the analysis of models for hospitals inside and outside Egypt to derive a general framework to raise the efficiency of hospital design, especially the diagnostic radiology department.
Improving the Efficiency of Hospital Nursing Unit Design: an analytical study
Authors: Ibrahim E , Sherif A , Serag Eldin H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inpatient nursing unit is one of the most important departments in a hospital building. It is where patient treatment and healing occur. Improving the efficiency of the nursing unit design may improve the length of patient stay, reduce medical errors and increase patient satisfaction, thus improving the performance of the medical services provided in the hospital. This paper addresses the architectural design factors which affect performance in a typical inpatient nursing unit. A two-step approach was used in this paper. First, the factors which influence the nursing unit performance were identified from literature. Then, typical nursing unit floor plan shapes were identified. Four floor plan shapes were selected from these for analysis. Analysis focused on the factors of flexibility of operation, ease of patient monitoring, provision of patient privacy, reduction of nurse travel time, and provision of a supportive healing environment. The racetrack floor plan has shown a higher level of performance in comparison with the other floor plan shapes. It has shown superior qualities in regard to flexibility, patient monitoring, and nurse travel distances. However, for this shape to be successfully used, sound and noise control measures should be adopted to improve performance regarding patient privacy and noise disturbance. The courtyard and radial floor plan shapes provide a medium level of performance. The radial floor plan is superior in regard to patient monitoring capabilities. Although the single corridor plan has shown higher levels of sound privacy and lower levels of noise disturbance, it did not provide good flexibility, patient monitoring, and travel distances.
Design Approach for Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Sections
Authors: Mohamed A E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The behavior of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections depends on both the eccentricity and load value. The type of failure can be determined according to the eccentricity-thickness ratio and the applied load value. Interaction diagrams can be used for designing eccentrically loaded section, but the section dimensions are required to use these diagrams. According to the section dimensions and the load value, the type of failure and the required reinforcement can be determined from the interaction diagrams. Most design codes controls the design process to ensure ductile failure. But according to the design procedures of interaction diagrams, the failure type can’t be controlled simply. This paper aims at finding a design procedure for eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections that enable the designer to simply control the design process and the failure mode. The proposed design approach makes the design process more direct and simplified.
Parametric Studies on Dynamic Analysis of Blast-Loaded Retrofitted RC Columns
Authors: Ameen Mahmoud K. , Beshara Fouad B. A. , Hammad Youssef M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The majority of public and private facilities, existing today, were not originally designed to withstand blast loads rising from terrorist attacks. Hence, such facilities require effective countermeasures to minimize losses inflicted on property and people in the event of terrorist bombing. Retrofitting of main structural elements is very effective to increase blast resistance. In this paper, comprehensive parametric studies for the dynamic response of blast-loaded RC columns are performed using the proposed nonlinear coupled model and AUTODYN software. Many material and reinforcement parameters are considered in the paper such as concrete compressive strength, steel yield stress, longitudinal steel ratio and transverse stirrups ratio. Blast-loading parameters such as using different explosive weights, changing the stand-off distance of explosion, are also studied. Finally, the retrofitting parameters for blast-loaded columns, such as using different retrofit material types like the Carbon Fiber Reinforcing Polymers (CFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforcing Polymers (GFRP) and Steel Reinforcing Polymers (SRP) with different thicknesses for each material type, are considered. Important conclusions are drawn for the sensitivity of dynamic response and failure modes of RC columns under blast loading.
Challenges for Implementing Environmental Impact Assessment method for construction projects in Egypt
Authors: Lotfy Rodina Abd El-Raouf , Ismaeel Walaa S.E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Assessing the environmental impact of buildings is a prime concern for many countries to abide by international agreements. Various studies have shown that the construction industry has significant implications for the consumption of energy, raw material utilization, and carbon dioxide emissions. Recent Law 9/2009 in Egypt necessitates performing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for major construction projects. There is a rising number of projects doing the EIA every year. Nevertheless, this cannot be considered a common practice till the present time and many projects are still struggling to perform the EIA studies. Hence, this study investigates the common challenges for implementing EIA for major construction projects in Egypt through a comprehensive literature review and survey among local practitioners. The results showed that the dilemma lies in the segregation of the EIA process along with the project’s phases. It also indicates problems associated with the limited availability of data and insufficient practitioners’ competencies and skills to perform the required assessment for certain impact categories.
Effect of Bentonite Content on Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Bentonite Mixtures Used in Landfill Liners as an Alternative to Clay Liner in Egypt
Authors: Barrima Amr , Mashhour Ibrahim M , Amer Nabil H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compacted clays are commonly utilized as landfill liners due to their impermeable properties, however, the availability of natural clay soil may be difficult or prohibitively expensive in some regions thanks to the expense of transportation, the local soil availability or regulation. As an alternative hydraulic barrier, a compacted mixture of sand with a low percentage of bentonite (6% to 14%) was used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the applicability of bentonite available in the Egyptian market for controlling the hydraulic conductivity of sand-bentonite mixtures to be used in landfill liners. The study was divided into two phases: first, laboratory tests were conducted to identify the optimum bentonite percentage and bentonite types, using local commercial bentonite products. Then, in two distinct landfill liners layers, full-scale measurements were obtained. The experimental program demonstrated that Bentonite produced and found in the Egyptian market can be utilized in landfill liners with an acceptable quality control procedure to prevent any outcome deviation.
The role of energy conservation standards in raising quality of life: Low- Cost Housing as a Case Study
Authors: Amin Ayman A. , Ezz Eldin Noha M , Mohammed Alshaimaa H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Low-cost housing is spread all over Egypt from the north to the upper, many issues appeared on the horizon, such as high maintenance costs, high levels of energy consumption, and the emergence of many practices for residents of these units in an attempt to adapt between their needs and the design of low buildings. One of the most important challenges impacting the quality of life is energy conservation. This paper aims to raise the quality of life in low-cost housing from the perspective of energy conservation. The research aims to ensure enough sustainable energy to maintain a quality of life. This study is based on questionnaires conducted by residents of low-cost houses projects in Egypt, namely; Mokattem and New Cairo. Trying to find the most important problem and put forward ways to improve and raise the quality of life, especially from the perspective of energy conservation. Studying the Living satisfaction in low- cost houses. These questionnaires were analysed on a proposal design and how to apply it.
Numerical modelling of apex connections in cold-formed steel gable frames
Authors: Mourad S A , Naguib A M , Alanwar H H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections have gained acceptance as primary elements in steel frames due to their exceptionally high strength to weight ratio. The main purpose of this research is to study the behavior of the apex joint in portals frame when subjected to monotonic vertical load. Numerical models for apex connections are developed using a finite element program to study the behavior of the connection. The numerical model is first verified by comparing its results with available experimental and numerical results. After the verification, the effect of several parameters on the connection performance was investigated. The parameters included the effect of the connecting gusset thickness and length as well as the effect of the distance between bolts. Moment-rotation relationships for different CFS apex connection numerical models were analyzed. The numerical models showed that the most significant modes of failure were gusset plate or beam web buckling. Increasing the distance between the two connected sections decreased the connection moment capacity, whereas increasing the thickness of the connecting plate enhanced the moment capacity.
Improving the Performance Grade and Traffic Loading of Egyptian Asphalt Binders by Recycled Polyethylene Modification
Authors: Eraky Ahmed , Ayoub H. S. , Osman Omar , Ouf Mohamed E. , Mostafa Abdel Zaher E.A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent SUPERPAVE technology allows assessment and performance grading (PG) of modified asphalts according to AASHTO T 350–14 and ASTM D7405-15 standards. These testing protocols use modified - multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test, to yield the high temperature PG and the traffic level of the asphalt binder. Latest AASHTO T 350–14 test protocol is used to assess two major Egyptian bitumen products, Alex and Suez (pen 60/70) before and after polymer modification. These standard products have different fractional composition since they are obtained from different local origins. Low density polyethylene modification (LDPE) of such products leads to a major enhancement in their PGs and decreases their high temperature rutting potential. A characteristic comparison between virgin a and LDPE modified bitumen samples is provided to achieve the desired PG and traffic level for high reliability projects deployed in Egyptian hot climate regions. it was found that a 2% wt recycled LDPE modification, enhances the high temperature performance grade and the traffic grade from PG 58S-XX to PG 64S-XX for the bitumen produced by Alexandria Oil Company, and from PG 58S-XX to PG 70S-XX for the bitumen produced by Suez Oil Company.
Evaluation of Open Spaces in Relocated Communities Using Affordance Theory: Al-Asmarat Community as a Case Study
Authors: Soliman S , Attia S , Khalil H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 2016, the urban development facility (UDF), which was previously named as informal settlement development fund (ISDF), conducted several development projects as part of the goals of Egypt 2030’s vision that supports the sustainable development goals (SDGs). UDF applies several development strategies to provide residents with better quality of life (QOL), such as relocation projects as residents move from unsafe areas to a new community where they are provided with adequate housing and basic infrastructure services. However, one major issue is that open spaces of relocated projects, despite being an important component in improving livelihoods, don’t fulfill the residents’ needs. Affordance theory provides the link between human behaviour and the function of space. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate open spaces in relocated communities relying on the affordance theory. Accordingly, Al-Asmarat district, one of the relocated projects in Cairo, is investigated as a case study to evaluate open spaces and livelihood in the area. This qualitative study employed 10 in-depth interviews to obtain primary data from samples taken from relocated residents. The study ends with needed indicators to ensure that open spaces in relocated communities can afford socioeconomic activities for the residents to achieve more inclusive urban development.
Reducing groundwater use and mitigating floods through increasing surface water utilization in the Cimahi Region of West Java Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan M Y , Hendrayana H , Setijadji L D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Population growth and economic development increase the demands for water and land in Indonesia from year to year. In addition, various spatial and temporal changes resulted from human activities in changes in of hydrology of areas around rivers that affect the water’s quality and quantity. Groundwater conditions in the Cimahi area, West Java, show a significant groundwater decline in southern Cimahi, a problem that is now studied in this research. This research is conducted by using groundwater modelling from the Experimental Station for Groundwater in the Bandung-Soreang Groundwater Basin, then we further develop the previous model by reducing groundwater utilization and replacing it with surface water to assess the impact of this substitution on the groundwater level, and reduction of surface water runoff for flood mitigation during the modelling projection period 2021 - 2030. The study starts by identifying groundwater utilization in the research area, and then we analyze the feasibility of surface water quality and quantity as a substitute for groundwater utilization. This study concludes that groundwater utilization can be replaced by surface water utilization. Our study results show that surface water runoff can be reduced up to 2.48 m3/s and positively increase groundwater level by 11.26 m.
Flood assessment after Cempaka Cyclone 2019 in Imogiri District, Bantul Regency of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Odm Lornn , Erzagian Egy , Wilopo Wahyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Imogiri District is one of the areas located at the foot of the southern mountains, with many rivers crossing the area. The Cempaka Cyclone in March 2019 caused a big flood in the Imogiri district and its surrounding area. Flood may affect various sectors of the socioeconomics life of a society, such as sectors of the economy, and agriculture, especially a severe effect on environmental and surface/groundwater systems in areas. The research objective is to assess flood hazards and their impact in the Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. The research was conducted by field survey and interview with an impacted community from the flood. The outcome of this study revealed that the area with high flood-prone potentials is distributed in the eastern and central part of the study area, along the river flood zone. The flood disaster caused property and agricultural losses but did not cause any casualties. The community was unprepared for the flood disaster, which had not occurred as big as in 2017.