bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite Visibility Window Estimation using Doppler Measurement for IoT applications
Authors: Mohamad Hashim Iza Shafinaz , Al-Hourani Akram 
Published: September 2022

<p>Many Internet-of-Things (IoT)-over-satellite applications rely on affordable location-aware but energy-constrained IoT sensors. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the satellite visibility window in IoT devices based on simple Doppler measurements. We present two scenarios where the orbital information of the serving satellite's is initially unknown to the IoT device: (i) we assume that the geographic coordinates are known to the IoT device, and (ii) we assume that the coordinates are completely unknown. Accordingly, we derive the Doppler measurement likelihood function, and simplify it to a root mean square error (RMSE) minimization problem. From a sequence of Doppler measurements, we estimate the orbital parameters of the serving satellite using a stochastic optimizer to minimize the RMSE. From the orbital estimation, we then predict the satellite visibility window (satellite pass). To gauge the accuracy of the window estimation, we apply the intersection-over-union metric to compute the overlapping visibility window between the ground truth and the estimation, and consequently present the results based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations.</p>
PELUANG MINUMAN TEH KOMBUCHA DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI MINUMAN KESEHATAN PENCEGAH DAN PENYEMBUH ANEKA PENYAKIT
Authors: Nasution Irda Wahidah , Nasution Nurul Hidayah 
Published: September 2022

Teh kombucha merupakan salah satu minuman tradisional yang sangat menarik karena teh ini merupakan hasil fermentasi yang dilakukan oleh kultur simbiotik. Teh kombucha mempunyai nilai gizi lebih tinggi dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dibandingkan dengan teh biasa. Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan penelititan ini, antara lain: pengaduk teh kayu, toples kaca, penyaringan plastik, kain kasa, karet gelang, sendok kayu, timbangan analitik, pH meter, kertas saring, tabung reaksi. Kombucha dibuat dengan menggunakan 5 varian teh yang berbeda, yaitu teh bunga rosela, teh hijau, teh hitam, teh celup sari wangi, teh serbuk Goalpara. Pemanis yang digunakan adalah Gula pasir (merk Gulaku), air dan stater kombucha. Tahapan dalam pembuatan teh kombucha yaitu, perebusan air sebanyak 3 liter hingga 90°C, lalu air ditambahkan gula 450 gram, dan juga memasukkan daun teh yang akan digunakan dan didiamkan selama 5 menit hingga mendidih. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah memindahkan larutan teh ke dalam wadah dan menambahkan starter kombucha 10% dan 1 keping SCOBY di atas larutan teh. Fermentasi dilakukan dalam wadah kaca apabila ingin mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Menutup mulut wadah fermentasi menggunakan kain dan diamkan 7-14 hari. Terdapat dua tahapan yang terjadi selama proses fermentasi berlangsung yaitu, pembentukan alkohol dan asam laktat. Semakin lama waktu fermentasi dan semakin lama SCOBY terendam di dalam larutan teh kombucha maka akan berdampak pada warna SCOBY. Jenis teh yang berbeda akan memberi warna berbeda pada kombucha. Jika teh yang digunakan memiliki warna yang lebih gelap, selama proses fermentasi SCOBY juga akan terlihat lebih gelap. Saat proses fermentasi kombucha dihasilkan senyawa seperti polifenol, asam organik (asam asetat, asam glukoronat, dll), vitamin, asam folat, asam amino esensial, antibiotik dan enzim yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Diantara manfaat minuman teh kombucha adalah: antioksidan, antibakteri, memperbaiki mikroflora usus, dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh dan menurunkan tekanan darah. Dengan kegunaan yang sangat baik ini, minuman teh kombucha dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai minuman kesehatan pencegah dan penyembuh aneka penyakit.
Perceptions of bias in the selection of international medical graduate residency applicants in Canada
Authors: Mathews Maria , Bourgeault Ivy , Ryan Dana 
Published: September 2022

Background: In Canada, international medical graduates (IMG) consist of immigrant-IMG and previous Canadian citizens/permanent residents who attended medical school abroad (CSA). CSA are more likely to obtain a post-graduate residency position than immigrant-IMG and previous studies have suggested that the residency selection process favours CSA over immigrant-IMG. This study explored potential sources of bias in the residency program selection process.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with senior administrators of clinical assessment and post-graduate programs across Canada. We asked about perceptions of the background and preparation of CSA and immigrant-IMG, methods applicants use to improve likelihood of obtaining residency positions, and practices that may favour/discourage applicants. Interviews were transcribed and a constant comparative method was employed to identify recurring themes.
Results: Of a potential 22 administrators, 12 (54.5%) completed interviews. Five key factors that may provide CSA with an advantage were: reputation of the applicant’s medical school, recency of graduation, ability to complete undergraduate clinical placement in Canada, familiarity with Canadian culture, and interview performance.
Conclusions: Although residency programs prioritize equitable selection, they may be constrained by policies designed to promote efficiencies and mitigate medico-legal risks that inadvertently advantage CSA. Identifying the factors behind these potential biases is needed to promote an equitable selection process.
Canadian medical student perceptions of the Choosing Wisely Canada campaign
Authors: Huo Bright , Bolous Yousef , Ramsay Diane , McDermott Emma , Sandila Navjot , Campbell Samuel 
Published: September 2022

Background: Medical student investment in resource stewardship (RS) is essential as resource overuse continues among physicians, but it is unclear whether this is influenced by hidden curriculum. This study investigated medical student perceptions of Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC).
Methods: Canadian Medical students completed a bilingual questionnaire. Chi-square and student’s T-tests were used to analyze Likert responses capturing student attitudes toward questions grouped by theme, including the importance of the CWC campaign, the amount of CWC represented in undergraduate medical curriculum, the application of CWC recommendations in medicine, and the barriers which exist to student advocacy for CWC in practice.
Results: There were 3,239/11,754 (26.9%) respondents. While most students (n = 2,720/3,171; 85.8%) endorsed the importance of CWC, few students felt that their institution had sufficiently integrated CWC into pre-clerkship (47.0%) and clerkship (63.5%) curricula. Overall, 61.4% of students felt that it is reasonable to expect physicians to apply CWC recommendations given the workplace culture in medicine. Only 35.1% of students were comfortable addressing resource misuse with their preceptor. The most common barriers included the assumption that their preceptor was more knowledgeable (86.4%), concern over evaluations (66.0%), and concern for their reputation (31.2%).
Conclusions: Canadian medical students recognize the importance of CWC. However, many trainees feel that the workplace culture in medicine does not support the application of CWC recommendations. A power imbalance exists that prevents students from advocating for RS in practice.
Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among the Vaccine Recipients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Amir , Khan Sheraz 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES
To determine the side effects of vaccination among covid 19 vaccine recipients in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 15 September to 15 November 2021 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 262 participants was selected after designing an online questionnaire for data collection among those individuals who received covid vaccines such as Sinovac, Sino Pharm, Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Sputnik-V.
RESULTS
Among 262 participants 150 (57%) reported side effects, whereas 112 (43%) individuals don’t report side effects. The most frequent side effects of covid-19 vaccination were fever 113 (69.3%), Body ache 73 (44.8%), headache 66 (40.5%), Dizziness 66 (40.5%), Muscle pain in 58 (35.6%), Fatigue 54 (33.1%) and tiredness 38 (23.3%).
CONCLUSION
The study confirmed that the selected six vaccines cause side effects, but their intensity is mild, vaccines may cause severe side effects but in rare conditions. The common side effect that occurs after vaccinations are the responsibility of our immune system, which indicate their strength against microorganism.
The impact of the sanctions on the economy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shapran Natalia , Britchenko Igor , Haponiuk Mykola , Shapran Vitaliy 
Published: September 2022

The article analyses the impact of the sanctions of civilized countries on the Russian economy. Particular attention is paid to sectoral sanctions on the markets of oil and oil products, in the banking and financial sectors, as well as on the market of transport services.
The authors analysed the prospects for expanding sanctions on the oil market for Russia in the context of setting a maximum price for the export of Russian oil by the main buyers. Conclusions are drawn not only about the impact of sanctions on Russian oil production, but also about a possible decrease in prices for oil and other energy resources in the region.
The authors positively assessed the US and EU anti-Russian sanctions in the financial sector. The impact of sanctions on the Russian banking system, insurance, and stock markets was studied. Particular attention was paid to the impact of disconnecting the banking system of the Russian Federation from the international payment system SWIFT.
The authors also focused on the gradual division of the Russian economy under the influence of sanctions and trends in the energy market into the energy sector and the rest. It was found that the most affected by the sanctions were air transportation, mechanical engineering, and ferrous metallurgy sectors.
Conclusions are drawn about the need to continue sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. High energy prices during the 200 days of the war with Ukraine allowed the Russian Federation to subsidize economic sectors that suffered from the war at the expense of the energy sector. A market reduction of the oil prices or their correction with the help of the sanctions policy should cause significant and irreversible damage to the Russian economy.
The Magnetic Field Environment of Active Region 12673 That Produced the Energetic Particle Events of September 2017
Authors: Yardley Stephanie L. , Green Lucie M. , James Alexander W. , Stansby David , Mihailescu Teodora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Forecasting solar energetic particles (SEPs), and identifying flares/coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from active regions (ARs) that will produce SEP events in advance is extremely challenging. We investigate the magnetic field environment of AR 12673, including the AR’s magnetic configuration, the surrounding field configuration in the vicinity of the AR, the decay index profile, and the footpoints of the Earth-connected magnetic field, around the time of four eruptive events. Two of the eruptive events are SEP productive (2017 September 4 at 20:00 UT and September 6 at 11:56 UT), while two are not (September 4 at 18:05 UT and September 7 at 14:33 UT). We analyzed a range of EUV and white-light coronagraph observations along with potential field extrapolations and find that the CMEs associated with the SEP-productive events either trigger null point reconnection that redirects flare-accelerated particles from the flare site to the Earth-connected field and/or have a significant expansion (and shock formation) into the open Earth-connected field. The rate of change of the decay index with height indicates that the region could produce a fast CME (v > 1500 km s−1), which it did during events 2 and 3. The AR’s magnetic field environment, including locations of open magnetic field and null points along with the magnetic field connectivity and propagation direction of the CMEs play an important role in the escape and arrival of SEPs at Earth. Other SEP-productive ARs should be investigated to determine whether their magnetic field environment and CME propagation direction are significant in the escape and arrival of SEPs at Earth.
Nonlinear Evolution of Streaming Instabilities in Accreting Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Hsu (徐峻彥) Chun-Yen , Lin (林明楷) Min-Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The streaming instability (SI) is one of the most promising candidates for triggering planetesimal formation by producing dense dust clumps that undergo gravitational collapse. Understanding how the SI operates in realistic protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is therefore crucial to assess the efficiency of planetesimal formation. Modern models of PPDs show that large-scale magnetic torques or winds can drive laminar gas accretion near the disk midplane. In a previous study, we identified a new linear dust-gas instability, the azimuthal drift SI (AdSI), applicable to such accreting disks and is powered by the relative azimuthal motion between dust and gas that results from the gas being torqued. In this work, we present the first nonlinear simulations of the AdSI. We show that it can destabilize an accreting, dusty disk even in the absence of a global radial pressure gradient, which is unlike the classic SI. We find the AdSI drives turbulence and the formation of vertically extended dust filaments that undergo merging. In dust-rich disks, merged AdSI filaments reach maximum dust-to-gas ratios exceeding 100. Moreover, we find that even in dust-poor disks the AdSI can increase local dust densities by 2 orders of magnitude. We discuss the possible role of the AdSI in planetesimal formation, especially in regions of an accreting PPD with vanishing radial pressure gradients.
Le Conseil de l’Europe et les droits de l’Homme
Authors: de Salas Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

Le préambule du traité de Londres du 5 mai 1949 instituant un Conseil de l’Europe, affirme que ses États membres (47 à ce jour) sont « inébranlablement attachés aux valeurs spirituelles et morales qui sont le patrimoine de leurs peuples et qui sont à l’origine des principes de liberté individuelle, de liberté politique et de prééminence du droit, sur lesquels se fonde toute démocratie véritable ». Sur ces principes, le Conseil de l’Europe a développé des textes de référence tant par son Assemblée parlementaire que son Comité des ministres. Cette élaboration juridico-politique européenne conduit à envisager deux aspects particuliers : la recherche d’une conciliation nécessaire de la liberté religieuse et de la liberté d’expression ; la manière dont les autorités publiques gèrent le port de symboles religieux dans l’espace public dans l’Europe d’aujourd’hui.
Du rêve à la réalité : la charité au service de l’amitié sociale
Authors: Trautmann Frédéric 
Published: September 2022

Face au paradoxe d’une affirmation précise des droits humains dans l’enseignement de l’Église catholique et de leur difficile mise en œuvre en son sein, le pape François développe la notion de culture de la rencontre basée sur l’amitié sociale qui fait l’objet de l’encyclique Fratelli tutti . Le processus relationnel ainsi initié dans la charité ne devrait pas concerner exclusivement le champ de la politique, mais l’Église elle-même aussi bien dans les relations entre chacun de ses membres que dans sa structure institutionnelle. Utilisant la catégorie du rêve, il cherche dans l’imaginaire et le champ des représentations, les racines d’une conversion de la fraternité à l’amitié sociale qui se réalise au sein de la communauté chrétienne unifiée dans la charité et dont la synodalité est la voie interne à l’Église.
Reporting behaviour of pedestrian involved accidents in Sri Lanka
Authors: Edirisinghe A. G. H. J. , Ekanayake E. M. P. , Madushani B. D. S. 
Published: September 2022

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the majority of victims of road traffic accidents are vulnerable road users, including pedestrians. However, underreporting of such accidents leads to inadequate availability of reliable data in this area of research. The present study was an attempt to investigate the severity of this problem of underreporting of accidents involving pedestrians. Primary data were collected for the purpose, and statistical techniques such as univariate and bivariate analyses, Chisquare testing, and Binary Logistic Regression were used to examine the association of several diverse factors including demographic features, severity of injury, lost productivity, and receipt of compensation, with accident reporting behaviour. The results revealed that the most common accidents (30%) involved motorcycles, while accidents due to slipping on roads or pavements and roadside structures together accounted for 33% of all reported accidents. These, according to this study, appeared to largely go under-reported, precluding further action. The study found a strong relationship between reporting behaviour and the nature and severity of injuries sustained in the accident. The lowest chance of reporting an accident was found in regard to slipping on a pavement while the injuries treated without visiting a hospital had the lowest likelihood of being reported to the Police.
Guidelines for improving transport policy effectiveness in developing countries: a case study of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumarage A. S. 
Published: September 2022

Efficient and effective policies pertaining to transportation is an important prerequisite for satisfactory provision of mobility of people and goods; an essential attribute of an economy to ensure productivity, societal welfare and environmental sustainability. Explicit transport policies formulated in Sri Lanka for that purpose have been mainly ignored by the relevant authorities, even though approved by the government. Implicit policies represented by approvals for investments and recurrent expenditures have continued without critical analysis, in most cases becoming ineffective and obsolete. The blunting of these policy instruments has resulted in the transport sector operating for decades without an effective policy-based direction. The failure of the bureaucracy that is responsible for policy implementation has also been identified as a primary reason for this situation. This paper provides guidelines based on established global best practices in policy formulation, implementation, monitoring, and review to improve the content of a transport policy and its potential for application towards meeting the country's mobility needs, as opposed to continuing the status quo in transport supply. The paper also uses examples from the current practice of transport policy in Sri Lanka, typical of many developing countries, and identifying pre-requisites and laying down guidelines for efficient policy making as well as for improving processes and practices to be improved.
Effect of the combination of composite skin grafting and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor on plastic surgery for extensive sc ars after burns
Authors: Liu Jiadong , Zhang Xiaojun 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of combined use of composite skin grafting and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rh-bFGF) on plastic surgery for extensive burn scars, and its influence on wound healing and inflammatory responses in patients.
Methods: Hospital records of 120 patients who underwent extensive scar plastic surgery after burns in Hanchuan People’s Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were equally assigned to study group (STG) and control group (COG), based on the order of admission. All patients received composite skin grafting surgery and post-surgery topical silver sulphadiazine cream regularly, while those in study group (STG) received additional treatment with rh-bFGF spray on the wound surfaces. Scar scores, degree of wound healing, populations of fibrocytes and capillaries, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were evaluated.
Results: Patients in STG had significantly better scar scores, shorter mean wound healing time, higher mean degree of wound healing, higher scores on inflammatory reactions near the wounds, and higher populations of fibrocytes and capillaries, when compared with patients in COG group (p < 0.001). After surgery, there were lower levels of VEGF and TGF-β1, and lower levels of activities of LDH and SDH in STG than in COG group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Rh-bFGF accelerates the proliferation of wound tissue, improves local microcirculation, regulates inflammatory response, and enhances wound healing in burn scar patients when used in combination with composite skin grafting. Therefore, Rh-bFGF has a potential for enhanced management of burn scars.
Effect of combination of glucocorticoid and different doses of atorvastatin on neural function, blood lipid levels and magnetic resonance imaging in patients wit h multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhang Qinli , Liu Hong , Liu Bowen , Zhu Qingqing 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of the combination of glucocorticoid and different doses of atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: Sixty MS patients treated at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from January 2020 to June 2021, were equally and randomly assigned to study group (OG) and control group (CG). Patients in OG were treated with glucocorticoid and atorvastatin (half in low-dose, LDG; 20 mg/day) and the other half, in high-dose atorvastatin (HDG, 40 mg/day)). Patients in CG were treated with glucocorticoid and placebo. Changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood lipids, RhoA, and neural function were determined.
Results: After treatment, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was lower in HDG than in LDG and CG (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein a (LP(a)) were significantly reduced and followed the rank order: HDG < LDG < CG (p < 0.05). No appreciable differences occurred in HDL-C levels amongst HDG, LDG and CG (p > 0.05). Furthermore, RhoA levels were lower in HDG than in LDG and CG, with lower levels in LDG than in CG (p < 0.05). There were lower numbers of T2 lesions in HDG than in LDG and CG at 28 days, 3, 6 and 12 months, post-treatment (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Glucocorticoid and high-dose atorvastatin combination is better at reducing neurological dysfunction and improving blood lipid indicators in MS patients. This finding may provide a useful guide in the determination of the optimal dose of atorvastatin.