bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of (Val)ganciclovir on Hearing in Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A Systematic Review
Authors: De Cuyper Elise , Acke Frederic , Keymeulen Annelies , Dhooge Ingeborg 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo search for existing evidence of a beneficial effect of (val)ganciclovir on hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection and to identify future research questions.Study DesignSystematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, searches were performed in PUBMED, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE on December 15, 2021.MethodsStudies providing ear‐specific hearing results after treating children with cCMV‐related hearing loss with (val)ganciclovir were retained. A meta‐analysis [Peto odds ratio (OR), Review Manager 5.3] was performed to compare hearing outcome between treated and untreated children. The National Institutes of Health tool was used for quality assessment and heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics.ResultsEighteen studies with a total of 682 treated patients were included for the systematic review. Our meta‐analysis showed that treating symptomatic children with hearing loss resulted in more hearing improvement [Peto OR 7.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.08–19.34] and less hearing deterioration (Peto OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.57). Relative to an improvement and deterioration rate of 9.4% and 28.2% in an untreated group, the rate of the treated group was 44.5% and 6.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThere is sufficient evidence in literature to support treatment with (val)ganciclovir of children with symptomatic cCMV and hearing loss. However, still today, there is insufficient evidence of the potential beneficial role of (val)ganciclovir on hearing outcome of children with isolated hearing loss, late‐onset hearing loss, and asymptomatic cCMV. The urgent need for future prospective, randomized clinical trials still exists. A standardization of definitions and treatment protocols would create uniformity in future studies. Laryngoscope, 132:2241–2250, 2022
Enhanced Upconversion Photoluminescence Assisted by Flexoelectric Field in Oxide Nanomembranes
Authors: Dong Zhengang , Chen Haisheng , Qi Minqun , Shen Jiaying , Liu Weiwei , Guo Er‐Jia , Li Danfeng , Zhang Yang , Wu Zhenping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlexoelectricity refers to the linear coupling between electric polarization and strain gradients, and exhibits in all materials with arbitrary crystal symmetries. Recent breakthroughs on synthesizing high‐quality freestanding perovskite oxides have provided new opportunities to couple this universal effect to various functionalities. In particular, the interplay between flexoelectricity and upconversion emission in lanthanide doped freestanding perovskite oxide SrTiO3:Er3+ nanomembranes is experimentally demonstrated. The tunable flexoelectricity leads to an over fourfold enhancement in upconversion photoluminescence (PL) through strain gradient engineering. The observed significant PL enhancement can be ascribed to the strain gradient induced polarization, or more fundamentally, inversion symmetry breaking. Furthermore, this behavior is reversible and exhibits excellent antifatigue characteristics even after 104 bending cycles. The showcased strong coupling between flexoelectricity and photoluminescence in nonpolar materials offers dramatically greater design freedom for various strain‐tunable optoelectronic devices, regardless of the lattice symmetry of the constituent materials.
Microduplication of 16p11.2 locus Potentiates Hypertrophic Obesity in Association with Imbalanced Triglyceride Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Wang Dilong , Mai Qiuyan , Yang Xiuyan , Chi Xinjin , Li Ruohan , Jiang Jian , Luo Liang , Fang Xiaoyi , Yun Peng , Liang Liyang , Yang Guang , Song Kun , Fang Liang , Chen Yun , Zhang Ying , He Yulong , Li Ningning , Pan Yihang 
Published: January 2022

ScopeCopy number variation (CNV) of 16p11.2 is a common genetic factor contributing to the etiology of abnormal weight status, while the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated yet.Methods and ResultsThe 16p11.2 CNV mouse model with microduplication of the 7Slx1b‐Sept1 region (dp/+) is evaluated under normal chow conditions. Compared to the wild type littermates (WT), the dp/+ mice exhibit obvious obese phenotype characterized by significant increase in body mass index, fat pad mass, and fat ratio, with visceral‐dominant fat deposits at 12‐week age. White adipose tissue (WAT), liver tissue, and plasma are sampled to assess the comorbid metabolic syndrome. In dp/+ mice, histopathologic analyses reveal hypertrophic adipocytes and hepatic steatosis; serological examinations show hyperlipemia and hyperinsulinemia. Further, by comparing lipidomic and transcriptomic profiling of epididymal WAT between dp/+ and WT mice, the study finds the triglyceride (TG) accumulation in dp/+ mice in association with the dysfunction of lipid droplets. Validation of TG‐metabolism‐associated genes in WAT and in primary cultured adipocytes show enhanced TG synthesis and declined TG hydrolysis in the dp/+ model.ConclusionThis study elucidates that the imbalanced TG synthesis/hydrolysis in adipocytic lipid droplets may contribute to the hypertrophic obesity and metabolic disorders in mice with 16p11.2 microduplication.
Discovery of Urinary Biomarkers of Spinach Consumption Using Untargeted LC‐MS Metabolomics in a Human Intervention Trial
Authors: Xi Muyao , La Barbera Giorgia , Eriksen Jane Nygaard , Prahm August Pilegaard , Jeppesen Palle Bekker , Dragsted Lars Ove 
Published: January 2022

ScopeBiomarkers for intake of green leafy vegetables such as spinach can help investigate their health effects. However, only few potential intake markers have been reported in the literature so far.Methods and ResultsBased on a cross‐over study on whole leaf and minced spinach, we investigate changes in metabolites before and after spinach intake and differences between the two treatments and health status. Nineteen volunteers (12 healthy subjects and 7 short bowel patients) completed the study within 48 days. Urine samples (24‐h intervals before and after spinach intake) and serum samples (baseline, post 8 d, and post 15 d) are collected and analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS). The acquired data is analyzed by multivariate and univariate analyses. Three candidate biomarkers are observed in urine only after the spinach intake, including des‐amino arginine pentenol ester, D/L‐malic acid ester of cis‐p‐coumarate, D/L‐malic acid ester of trans‐p‐coumarate, and 69 metabolites are present before spinach intake but showing an altered level after treatment. These metabolites are related to dietary habits or meal structure, and some changes are possibly affected by spinach intake. The candidate biomarkers are independent of spinach pre‐processing and healthy status. No markers are discovered in serum samples.ConclusionWe propose structures for three candidate spinach intake biomarkers; these markers will need further validation in independent studies.
The nutritional impact of a feeding protocol for infants on high flow nasal cannula therapy
Authors: Walter Sarah , DeLeon Stephanie , Walther Jonathan P. , Sifers Felicia , Garbe Michael Connor , Allen Christine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinicians may be reluctant to feed patients on high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, despite studies suggesting it is beneficial and safe. We describe the implementation of a feeding protocol for patients with bronchiolitis on HFNC and determine its effect on nutrition goals.MethodsProspective bedside data on enteral volume, feed interruptions, and aspiration events were collected on patients with bronchiolitis who were <24 months of age, treated with HFNC, and fed per a developed protocol. Exclusion criteria included history of prematurity <32 weeks, congenital heart disease, or positive‐pressure ventilation before feeding. Length of intensive care unit and hospital stay was compared with both a concurrent cohort (CC) of patients not fed per the protocol and a retrospective cohort (RC) admitted prior to protocol creation.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients met the criteria for the prospective study arm: 24 patients were included in the CC, and 74 were included in the RC. Seventy‐one percent of prospective patients received enteral nutrition (EN) on HFNC day 1 vs 42% of the CC. In the prospective cohort, feed interruption occurred in 23% of patients and was associated with higher flow rates; however, no aspiration events occurred. Patients fed per protocol were fed 8–10 h sooner and discharged 1 day earlier than those in the RC.ConclusionThe use of a feeding protocol for patients with bronchiolitis on HFNC was safe and associated with shorter time to initiate EN and shorter length of hospital stay.
Synthesis of low phosphorus flame retardant containing benzimidazole and hydroxyl and its application in reducing combustion smoke for epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Junjie , Zhou Hong , Pan Zhiquan , Wu Hanjun , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstactIn this work, an economic and environmentally friendly phosphorus‐nitrogen‐based flame‐retardant containing benzimidazole structure and hydroxyl group (DOPO‐BHM) was successfully synthesized by a simple two‐step procedure. The as‐prepared DOPO‐BHM was characterized by1H NMR,31P NMR, and FTIR, and incorporated into epoxy matrix as co‐curing agent to remarkably improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). When the amount of DOPO‐BHM in EP was 6% and the phosphorus content was as low as 0.408%, the EP/DOPO‐BHM composites achieved a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.7% and V‐0 vertical firing grade. Furthermore, the cone calorimeter (CC) test results showed that the values of total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), total smoke production (TSP), and smoke production rate (SPR) of EP/6% DOPO‐BHM decreased by 12.9%, 28.5%, 30.0%, and 47.8% relative to EP, respectively, indicating that the modified EP had good performance of reducing heat release and inhibiting smoke release. In addition, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) were carried on to understand the flame retardancy mechanism. The characterizations indicated that the flame retardancy effect of DOPO‐BHM was in both condensed and gaseous phase, and gaseous phase played a dominant role. In addition, the mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength, bending strength, and non‐notched impact strength of EP/6% DOPO‐BHM were improved to a certain extent. In summary, DOPO‐BHM could significantly improve the flame retardant effect of EP without loss of mechanical properties and reduce emissions of phosphorus and smoke.
Interaction between working memory load and the ability to resist interference from negative distractors in dysphoria
Authors: Huang Zhi‐jing , Li Fan‐fan , Zhang Yu‐ting , Li Xu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the relationship between emotional working memory (WM) and depressive symptoms has been well established in clinical samples, research in the subclinical population has produced mixed results. The present study tested the effect of WM load on control of interference from emotional (positive, negative, neutral) distractors in dysphoria. Dysphoric (n = 32) and non‐dysphoric (n = 35) university students were administered the emotional 2‐back (lower WM load) and 3‐back (higher WM load) tasks. Results showed that resisting negative distractors was more difficult for the dysphoric group than the non‐dysphoric group, but only in the 3‐back task. The results demonstrate that dysphoria is associated with greater interference from negative distractors under high WM load. We conclude that both WM load and emotional valence have an effect on WM performance in dysphoria, and the poor ability to resist interference from negative distractors in WM might be a key cognitive vulnerability factor for depression.
A new insight into the push‐pull effect of substituents via the stilbene‐like model compounds
Authors: Cao Chaotun , Zeng Zhao , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, authors report on 1‐pyridyl‐2‐arylethenes, 1‐furyl‐2‐arylethylenes, 1,2‐diphenylpropylenes and substituted cinnamyl anilines as stilbene‐like model compounds to investigate the factors dominating the push‐pull effect of substituents via using the nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of bridging bond carbon atoms. It is demonstrated that the maximum push‐pull effect is not always between the strong electron‐donating D and strong electron‐accepting A groups in D‐π‐A compounds. The action mode of push‐pull effect of substituents in D‐π‐A compounds is dominated by their molecular parent structure. The contribution of field/inductive effect and conjugative effect of a group to the push‐pull effect is unequal. When the D‐π‐A parent molecule is in a plane, the influence of field/inductive effect of a group on the push‐pull effect is greater than or close to that of its conjugative effect does. Although the parent molecule is sterically twisted, the push‐pull effect is mainly dependent on the conjugative effect of a group. The results of this paper can provide us a new insight into the push‐pull effect of substituents.
Event‐triggered leader‐following consensus for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Karaki Bilal J. , Mahmoud Magdi S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article studies the consensus problem for discrete‐time nonlinear multiagent systems with time delay. Based on an asynchronous event‐triggered mechanism where local information of a communication graph is involved, a distributed consensus protocol is proposed to reduce the network communication congestion for achieving state consensus for multiagent systems with nonlinear perturbations. To avoid complications involving data fusion, this distributed consensus protocol allows every agent to broadcast its state at its own triggering condition instead of using continuous updates and without continuous monitoring of the triggering condition. To save the energy consumption involved in a consensus protocol, the proposed event‐triggering guaranteed cost is investigated in this article for multiagent systems. We select an agent as a leader that is constrained by its neighbors and controlled by the proposed protocol as other agents. It has been theoretically demonstrated that the consensus problem of multiagent systems with nonlinear perturbation and time delays can be achieved if the control gains and the triggering parameters are appropriately selected. Sufficient conditions are given to guarantee that the agents achieve consensus. Moreover, the gain matrix and triggering parameters of the proposed protocol are cast into matrix inequalities conditions. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of N‐ and O‐Alkylated Sulfonamides: Density Functional Theory, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Danish Muhammad , Bibi Ayesha , Akhtar Arusa , Noreen Nadia , Batool Fatima , Zahra Nallain , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current article is based on the synthesis of new N‐ and O‐alkylated sulfonamides; 4‐{[Ethyl‐(naphthalene‐2‐sulfonyl)‐amino]‐methyl}‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (IV), 4‐[(2‐nitrobenzene‐1‐sulfonylamino)‐methyl]‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (V) and 4‐[(Cyclohexa‐1,5‐dienesulfonylamino)‐methyl]‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (VI). These compounds were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) of sulfonamide esters was carried out through the Gaussian‐09 program to optimize structures. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been performed to understand the intermolecular interactions. Biological evaluation of all compounds was done to check their application for antibacterial (Halomonas halophila, Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis, Chromohalobacter salexigens, Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Chromohalobacter israelensis, Nesseria gonorrhoeae, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Halomonas salina), anti‐fungal (Aspergillus niger), enzyme inhibition activity (Acetylcholine esterase and butyrylcholine esterase) and anti‐oxidant activity (DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) scavenging method, were carried out. Molecular docking was performed to check the interaction modes of these sulfonamide esters.
Recent Advances on N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladium‐catalyzed Heck Reaction
Authors: Anju Panthananickal Joseph , Neetha Mohan , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeck reaction is a synthetically important C−C bond forming coupling reaction happening between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides catalyzed by palladium complexes to form substituted alkenes. This review focusses on the recent advancements in the development of various types of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands coupled with palladium catalyst that can catalyze Mizoroki‐Heck reactions. NHC ligands have unique characteristic nature, and hence widely used in homogeneous catalysis. Generally, they have good σ‐donating and sparingly π‐accepting properties. It is more stable and shows superior π‐accepting properties when compared to phosphine ligands that is under prominent studies. Thus, they can stabilize large extend of metal oxidation states and have high thermal stability. Most of the catalysts outlined here provide efficient and green synthetic route for the development of C−C coupled bond formations. The review encompasses literature from 2017 to 2021.
Chitosan/ZIF‐8 Composite Beads Fabricated by In Situ Growth of MOFs Crystals on Chitosan Beads for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Li Chao , He Naipu , Zhao Xiaozhu , Zhang Xuehui , Li Wen , Zhao Xuerui , Qiao Yaoyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCO2 responsive polymer chitosan is introduced to fabricate polymer/MOFs composite materials used to explore CO2 adsorption and recyclability. Chitosan beads (CBs) are successively immersed in the solution of Zn2+ and the solution of 2‐methylimidazole to fabricate chitosan/ZIF‐8 composite beads (CBsZx) by in situ growth of ZIF‐8 crystal on chitosan beads. CBsZx are characterized by powder XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, TGA and BET. The morphology, size and distribution of the ZIF‐8 crystals on CBsZx are tuned by adjusting the concentration of Zn2+ in the soaking solution. The coordination of the free amino groups on chitosan skeleton with Zn2+ and self‐emulsifying properties of chitosan have played a key role in situ growth of the ZIF‐8 crystals on chitosan beads. Additionally, the adsorption capacity and recyclability of CBsZx for CO2 has been evaluated. Compared with the pure ZIF‐8 crystals, the adsorption capacity of CBsZx for CO2 is significantly enhanced by 90 %. The kinetic models indicate that the adsorption of CBsZx for CO2 belongs to physical adsorption, when the ZIF‐8 crystals on chitosan beads have the regular shape and size. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of CBsZx for CO2 is remained more than 80 % after 3 recycling.
C3N4/Cu/ZnFe2O4 Ternary Nanocomposites: Removal of Environmental Pollutants by the Synergy of Physical Adsorption and Photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Xiaorui , Liu Hongfu , Yang Jia , Fu Mingyan , Tan Mingdan , Yin Guihua , Shi Wenbing , Huang Huisheng , Shi Jianwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough binary composites can enhance the separation efficiency of photo‐generated carriers to a certain extent, there is still space for further improvement. Here, we focus on using copper, a cheap transition metal, as an electron channel to improve the photo‐generated carrier separation efficiency of ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) and C3N4 (CN) composites. The kinetic constants of sample 40 %‐ZFO/CN for photodegradation reaction are 2.96 and 1.98 times than that of pure sample ZFO and CN under the same conditions. However, the kinetic constants of 3 %Cu@40 %‐ZFO/CN are 7.33 and 4.92 times than that of pure sample ZFO and CN, respectively. This is probably due to the physical adsorption performances of ternary composites for pollutants are significantly stronger than those of binary composites. The best photocatalysts achieved 90 % degradation efficiency within 15 minutes. A more reasonable photocatalytic mechanism model was proposed. Photo‐generated hole, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical all play an important role in the photocatalytic reaction. The importance of them is superoxide anion > photo‐generated hole > singlet oxygen > hydroxyl radical from high to low.
Enzymatic Resolution of cis‐Dimethyl‐1‐acetylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate for the Preparation of a Moxifloxacin Building Block
Authors: Fogal Stefano , Bergantino Elisabetta , Motterle Riccardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work presents the enantioselective resolution of a water‐soluble racemic mixture of cis‐dimethyl 1‐acetylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. The separation of the carboxylic acid product in its (2R,3S) configuration from non‐reacted substrate in the (2S,3R) configuration was easily obtained by organic phase extraction. The latter molecule can be used as an enantiomerically pure precursor in the synthesis of (4aS,7aS)‐octahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine, an expensive building block in the production of the antibiotic Moxifloxacin. On the other hand, the hydrolyzed product in the (2R,3S) configuration can be used for the preparation of a neuromediator analogue. The lipase demonstrated enantioselectivity towards the (2R,3S) substrate enantiomer and regioselectivity towards the ester in position 3 of the molecule. Studies of hydrolysis kinetics and the use of the immobilized enzyme were performed to evaluate its industrial application.
How the Cobalt Position in the Keggin Anion Impacts the Activity of Tungstate Catalysts in the Furfural Acetalization with Alkyl Alcohols
Authors: da Silva Marcio José , de Andrade da Silva Pedro Henrique , Ferreira Sukarno Olavo , da Silva Rene Chagas , Brusiquezi Carlos Giovani Oliveira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKeggin heteropolyacids (HPAs) comprise a class of versatile catalysts, which have properties that can be easily adjusted through modification in their structure, such as the protons exchange, the removal or one or more MO unity (i. e., W or Mo) followed by doping with transition metals, or even less frequently, the substitution of heteroatom (i. e., P or Si). In this work, these effects were assessed by modifying the structure of silicotungstic acid (i. e., H4SiW12O40) with Co2+ cations. A series of Cobalt‐polyoxometalates (i. e., Co2SiW12O40, K6CoW12O40, K8SiW11O39, K6SiCoW11O39, K8CoW11CoO39) were synthesized and catalytically evaluated in furfural acetalization with alkyl alcohols. Spectroscopy analyses (i. e., UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, EDS), powder X‐ray diffraction patterns, scan electronic microscopy images, surface area, porosity, and thermal analyses provided the main physicochemical properties of the synthesized salts. Acidity properties were assessed by potentiometric titration and adsorbed Py‐FT‐IR spectroscopy. The impact of temperature, nature, and catalyst loading, and type of alcohol were investigated. The K6CoW12O40 salt was the most active and selective catalyst. We paid special attention to correlating the catalyst activity with its composition and properties.