bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, development, and evaluation of rotary drum dryer for turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.)
Authors: Balakrishnan M. , Jeevarathinam G. , Aiswariya S. , Ambrose R. P. Kingsly , Ganapathy Shunmugam , Pandiselvam Ravi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTurmeric is a challenging crop to dry because of its heat sensitive volatile content and browning characteristics. In this study, a pilot scale biomass fired rotary drum dryer was developed for drying turmeric rhizomes. The drying experiments were conducted at 50, 60, and 70°C air temperatures at an air velocity of 2 and 3 m/s and the drum speeds of 6 and 9 rpm. The turmeric rhizomes dried at a faster rate at the operating conditions of 70°C air temperature, 3 m/s air velocity and 9 rpm drum rotational speed. Among the evaluated thin layer drying models, Page model comparatively gave higher R2 values (0.998), lower sum of square error (0.001), and root mean square error (0.01) values. The effective moisture diffusivity of turmeric in the rotary dryer ranged from 0.33 to 0.5 × 10−10 m2 s−1. The calculated activation energy of turmeric rhizomes was 19,338 kJ/kg mol−1. The higher curcumin, oleoresin, starch, and color values such as lightness, redness, and yellowness value of 4.92%, 16.5%, 58.09%, and 59.87, 28.43, and 74.21, respectively, was observed at 50°C, 9 rpm drum rotational speed and 3 m/s air velocity. The results indicated that the color of turmeric could be retained by drying at 50°C.Practical ApplicationsThe present scenario, turmeric has been considered as an important crop against COVID‐19 due to its antiviral properties and also food applications such as natural coloring agent and flavor enhancer. The unit operations involved in turmeric processing is washing, boiling, drying, polishing, and size reduction. The amount of curcumin content presents in turmeric decides its value. Drying is the time‐consuming process compared to other unit operations and has an impact over the quality parameters of turmeric. Sun drying is the main traditional drying method normally practiced by the farmers for bulk drying of turmeric rhizomes. However, the sun‐dried turmeric rhizomes lost its product value because of poor quality end product (dark yellowish brown color). This could be due to longer exposure of the product in sun causes change in the volatiles and color in turn degrades the market value and fetches lower price to the farmer. And also decreased drying rate, prolonged drying time, non‐uniformity, and lesser energy consumption are the other factors that degrades further the quality of the product. Hence, a drying technology should be identified to overcome the problems faced by the farmers and also to dry the bulk capacities of the turmeric rhizomes at low cost. Rotary dryers are capable of processing larger capacities of various agricultural products having wide range of thermophysical and aerodynamic properties. The current research focused on developing a rotary dryer to reduce the drying time and also to retain the quality that benefits both farmers and industries by providing good quality product.
A nomogram‐based model and ultrasonic radiomic features for gallbladder polyp classification
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Wang Jincheng , Wu Baoqiang , Li Tao , Jin Lei , Wu Yong , Gao Peng , Zhang Zhen , Qin Xihu , Zhu Chunfu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimGallbladder polyps (GBPs) are relatively common. Many studies have attempted to distinguish between benign and neoplastic GBPs to identify early‐stage gallbladder carcinoma. We have established an accurate neoplastic predictive model and evaluated the effectiveness of radiomics in predicting malignancy in patients with GBPs.MethodsA total of 503 patients confirmed through postoperative pathology were included in this retrospective study. Clinical information and ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed. The model was constructed from independent risk factors using Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis of a training cohort of 250 GBP patients, and its efficacy was verified using an internal validation group of 253 consecutive patients through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The area of GBPs was delimited manually, and the texture features of ultrasound images were analyzed using correlation and ROC analysis.ResultsIndependent predictors, including age, gallstones, carcinoembryonic antigen, polyp size, and sessile shape, were incorporated into the nomogram model for the neoplastic potential of GBPs. Compared with other proposed prediction methods, the established nomogram model showed good discrimination ability in the training group (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.865) and validation group (AUC: 0.845). Regarding ultrasonic radiomics, the minimum caliper diameter was identified as the only independent predictor (AUC: 0.841).ConclusionsOur preoperative nomogram model can successfully evaluate the neoplastic potential of GBPs using simple clinical data, and our study verified the use of radiomics in GBP identification, which may be valuable for avoiding unnecessary surgery in patients.
Law, technology, and data‐driven security: infra‐legalities as method assemblage
Authors: SULLIVAN GAVIN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs complex data‐driven systems are increasingly used to know and govern global problems, the terrain for socio‐legal studies research is rapidly changing. Both ‘the social’ and ‘the legal’ are transformed through processes of algorithmic regulation and automated decision making. In the security field, these changes are giving rise to novel global infrastructures for countering potential risks through the extraction, exchange, and analysis of vast amounts of data. This article critically examines the key methodological implications of these data infrastructures for socio‐legal research and argues that confronting these challenges requires a different approach to research methods – one that studies regulation and data infrastructures together, that is empirically attuned to socio‐material practices and emergent relations, and that is performative rather than representational in orientation. Drawing principally from actor–network theory, materiality‐orientated socio‐legal work, and critical security studies, this article outlines an experimental ‘method assemblage’ (‘infra‐legalities’) for knowing and intervening in global security infrastructures and explores the main features of this research approach. The focus of socio‐legal studies on ‘law in the real world’ – and its associated epistemological and methodological assumptions – needs to be challenged and modified to grapple with the problems posed by global security infrastructures and algorithmic regulation.
Describing South Carolina Public School Administrators' Perceptions and Experiences Related to School‐Based Interventions and Strategies to Promote Healthy Physical Activity and Eating Behaviors: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Camp‐Spivey Logan J. , Newman Susan D. , Stevens Robert N. , Nichols Michelle 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based interventions and strategies targeting physical activity (PA) and eating patterns have successfully addressed unhealthy behaviors contributing to excess weight in school‐age children. The purpose of this study was to investigate South Carolina (SC) public school administrators' perceptions of and experiences with weight‐related issues in schools and associated barriers and facilitators to awareness, selection, and implementation of school‐based healthy PA and eating interventions and strategies.METHODSThis qualitative descriptive study, guided by the Social Ecological Model and the Steps in Quality Intervention Development Model, involved semistructured interviews with SC public school administrators from all academic levels (N = 28). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.RESULTSFour themes were identified from interviews (N = 28): weight‐related terminology or stigma, experiences with school‐based healthy PA and eating interventions and strategies, barriers to school‐based healthy PA and eating interventions and strategies, and facilitators to school‐based healthy PA and eating interventions and strategies.CONCLUSIONSSchools are well‐positioned to provide interventions and strategies to improve PA and dietary habits leading to childhood obesity. School administrators, while knowledgeable and experienced with weight‐related issues and school‐based interventions and strategies, encounter barriers and facilitators that impact offerings and delivery. Understanding these challenges and supports is important in the development, adaptation, and implementation of school‐based interventions and strategies focused on healthy PA and eating behaviors.
Effect of yeast culture supplementation on blood characteristics, body development, intestinal morphology, and enzyme activities in geese
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yuan Yancong , Wang Fen , He Hang , Wan Kun , Liu Anfang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of yeast culture (YC) supplementation on blood characteristics, body size, carcass characteristics, organ weights, intestinal morphology, and enzyme activities. Five groups of geese were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: the basal diet (control) and basal diets plus 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, or 4.0% YC. Compared with the controls, YC supplementation at 0.5% and 1.0% increased the serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLO) and decreased the uric acid and creatine kinase (CK) contents (p < 0.05). YC supplementation at 2.0% and 4.0% increased the CK, growth hormone, catalase and glutathione reductase contents, and relative proventriculus weights, and decreased the TP, ALB, and GLO contents, relative liver, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and thymus weights (p < 0.05). YC supplementation at 2.0% improved fossil bone length, breast muscle percentage, jejunal villus height, ileal and jejunal villus height/crypt depth ratios, pepsin, lipase, amylase and pancreatic trypsin activities, and decreased abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, YC inclusion increased the body slope length (linear, p = 0.002; quadratic, p = 0.02), breast width (quadratic, p = 0.02), ileal (linear, p = 0.04; quadratic, p = 0.01) and duodenal villus height (cubic, p = 0.04), and decreased the relative gizzard (quadratic, p = 0.04) and thymus (linear, p = 0.002; quadratic, p = 0.02; cubic, p = 0.02) weights, liver (linear, p = 0.002; quadratic, p = 0.02), and serum (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.03) malondialdehyde contents, and jejunal crypt depth (quadratic, p = 0.03). The findings indicated that the YC supplementation had a positive effect on the growth and development of geese, with 2% YC being the most effective.
Prevalence of hepatitis C in sexual assault survivors presenting to a SANE clinic: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Ward Erin , Carlisle Nicholas , Williams Ebony , Heath Sonya L. , Meloun Kellie , Walter Lauren A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile previous epidemiologic research has demonstrated that sexual assault survivors (SAS) may be at disproportionate risk for exposure to Hepatitis C (HCV), HCV screening in SAS is not addressed in current post‐sexual assault testing recommendations. We sought to identify the prevalence of HCV among a SAS cohort along with associated basic demographics. Opt‐out HCV antibody screening and RNA confirmatory testing was provided for all SAS at a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) clinic in Birmingham, Alabama, from April 2020 through March 2021. A retrospective chart review was conducted using descriptive statistical and Chi‐squared analyses. A total of 293 SAS presented to the clinic during the study timeframe. Two hundred forty‐two (82.6%) were screened for HCV and 26 (8.9%) were found to be HCV antibody (Ab) positive [significantly higher than state (<1.0%) and national (1.0%) HCV incidence rates (p < 0.0001)]. SAS age groups 25–34 and 35–44 were more likely to screen HCV Ab‐positive (15.2% and 14.9% respectively; p = 0.02). Female SAS were more likely to be tested for HCV then males (p = 0.02), although male SAS were more likely to be found HCV Ab‐positive when screened (24.4%, p < 0.0001). Overall, SAS demographics also demonstrate the presence of significant social vulnerabilities, specifically high rates of homelessness (4.4%) and incarceration (5.1%). This data highlight the potential impact of universal HCV screening and risk counselling in a high social risk population and suggests a potential for future focused interventions.
Low incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in two cohorts of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis adherence interventions in men who have sex with men in Southern California
Authors: Hassan Adiba , Agustin Harold Glenn San , Burke Leah , Kofron Ryan , Corado Katya , Bolan Robert , Landovitz Raphael J. , Dubé Michael P. , Morris Sheldon R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been associated with incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) due to decreased condom use. We examined rates of HCV among MSM and transgender women at high‐risk of HIV on PrEP in Southern California using data from two trials (NCT01761643 and NCT01781806). Five of 599 participants (0.84%, 95% CI, 0.27–1.93) had HCV antibodies detected at entry. Factors associated with HCV seropositivity included being older (p = .002) and lower education level (p < .001). HCV‐positive participants had no reported cases of sexually transmitted infection (rectal, urethral or pharyngeal gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia) at entry while HCV‐negative participants had a prevalence of 18% (95% CI, 15%–21%). There were no significant differences in substance use and sexual risk behaviour between HCV‐positive and HCV‐negative participants 1–3 months prior to entry. Among early PrEP adopters, incident HCV did not occur despite ongoing condomless intercourse. Screening intervals for HCV in MSM on PrEP should be led by a risk behaviour assessment.
Efficacy and safety of direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus in elderly patients (≥65 years old): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Jieun , Ahn Sang Bong , Yim Sun Young , An Jihyun , Jun Dae Won , Ko Min Jung , Park Dong Ah , Yoo Jeong‐Ju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect‐acting agents (DAAs) have launched a new era of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. As aged individuals comprise a large percentage of HCV‐infected patients, the effectiveness and safety of DAAs in the elderly have come under scrutiny. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs in elderly patients. After a systematic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, OVID MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and other databases, two investigators reviewed relevant abstracts and selected manuscripts for examination. The sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse event (AE) rates were calculated with a random‐effects model. Ninety studies evaluating SVR rates of elderly patients (≥65 years old) receiving DAAs were selected. DAAs in elderly patients exhibited a notable SVR rate of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%–97%), accompanied by comparable rates in subgroup analyses. The comparison of SVR rates in elderly and non‐elderly patients indicated no significant discrepancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.01). The overall event rate of AEs was 45% (95% CI: 31%–60%), though AE rates varied by subgroups. Furthermore, AEs were comparatively more frequent (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.28) in the elderly than non‐elderly, especially in subgroups such as SAE (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.52–2.36) and dose reduction in ribavirin (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.53–2.36). However, in the ribavirin (RBV)‐free regimen, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between the elderly and non‐elderly groups. DAAs have high efficacy in elderly patients. Considering the possibility of AE, the RBV‐free regimen should be given prior consideration for the treatment of elderly patients with HCV.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of FERONIA reveal alternative endocytic pathways in response to flg22 elicitor stimuli
Authors: Xing Jingjing , Ji Dongchao , Duan Zhikun , Chen Tong , Luo Xiaomin 
Published: March 2022

Summary

The plant receptor‐like kinase FERONIA (FER) functions in the response to multiple extracellular signals, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes, such as polarized cell growth, hormone signaling and responses to pathogens.

Here, we reported that in Arabidopsis thaliana, flagellin peptide flg22 stimulus significantly promoted the lateral mobility and dissociation of FER from the plasma membrane by inducing the association of FER with membrane microdomain components.

FER underwent constitutive endocytosis and recycling in a brefeldin A (BFA)‐sensitive manner via a clathrin‐mediated pathway. Following flg22 elicitation, FER localized to bona fide endosomes via two distinct endocytic routes, showing differential sensitivity to BFA.

These results at the single‐particle level confirm that FER acts as an essential regulator during flg22 perception and immune activation, thus broadening our understanding of location‐specific protein dynamics and membrane trafficking in receptor/receptor kinase signaling.
Fortification of staple foods with calcium: a novel costing tool to inform decision making
Authors: Palacios Alfredo , Rojas‐Roque Carlos , Balan Dario , Sosa Estani Isabela , Belizán José M. , Cormick Gabriela , Augustovski Federico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow calcium intake and its impact on maternal and child health are a major concern in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Given the low calcium in diet, as well as the low adherence and acceptability of calcium pills in those settings, the discussion about policies to increase calcium intake has moved toward staple food fortification strategies. Nevertheless, there is scarce information on the economic feasibility of implementing these strategies. We aimed to design and propose a novel costing tool to estimate the cost of the flour fortification with calcium by carrying out a literature review about costing studies for staple food fortification programs and costing tools previously developed. A deliberative meeting with stakeholders was held to discuss and face‐validate the conceptual framework proposed. We showed the costing tool application for the case of Costa Rica (a country with a population with low calcium intake), including the absolute cost of the staple food fortification production process, the incremental cost of fortification according to the public/private sector, and the incremental cost by target population. This open‐source and publicly available costing tool can be useful to inform policymaking in countries considering the implementation of staple food fortification programs.
Photoprotection conferring plant tolerance to freezing stress through rescuing photosystem in evergreen Rhododendron
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhao Fangmeng , Zhou Hong , Xia Yiping , Wang Xiuyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLight stress is one of the important stresses for winter survival in evergreens, especially for plants with broad leaves, like evergreen rhododendrons. Photoprotection has been shown to upregulate dramatically in rhododendrons during winter, but whether it directly contributes to enhancing the freezing tolerance is still unknown. In this study, we found that the expression and circadian rhythm of an early light‐induced protein (ELIP)—RhELIP3—which exerts photoprotection in Rhododendron ‘Elsie Lee’, could be impacted by both photoperiod and low temperature, with low temperature being the predominant inducer. Arabidopsis overexpressing RhELIP3 displayed significantly stronger freezing tolerance and better photosystem II function after a 3‐day recovery from freezing treatment. Moreover, RhHY5 binds with the RhELIP3 promoter to activate its expression. Arabidopsis overexpressing RhHY5 exhibited stronger freezing tolerance and better photosystem II function. AtELIP1 and AtELIP2 were significantly induced in RhHY5‐overexpressed Arabidopsis at low temperatures. We also discovered that RhBBX24 binds directly to RhELIP3 promoter and suppresses its expression. RhBBX24 can also interact with RhHY5 and inhibit the interaction of RhHY5–RhELIP3. RhELIP3, RhHY5, and RhBBX24 exhibited similar circadian rhythms under low temperature with short period. Overall, our investigation highlights that photoprotection is involved in improving the freezing tolerance of evergreen rhododendrons.
Drought exerts a greater influence than growth temperature on the temperature response of leaf day respiration in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Fang Liang , Yin Xinyou , van der Putten Peter E. L. , Martre Pierre , Struik Paul C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe assessed how the temperature response of leaf day respiration (Rd) in wheat responded to contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures. In Experiment 1, well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions were imposed on two genotypes; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high (HT), medium (MT) and low (LT) growth temperatures were imposed on one of the genotypes. Rd was estimated from simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at six leaf temperatures (Tleaf) for each treatment, using the Yin method for nonphotorespiratory conditions and the nonrectangular hyperbolic fitting method for photorespiratory conditions. The two genotypes responded similarly to growth and measurement conditions. Estimates of Rd for nonphotorespiratory conditions were generally higher than those for photorespiratory conditions, but their responses to Tleaf were similar. Under well‐watered conditions, Rd and its sensitivity to Tleaf slightly acclimated to LT, but did not acclimate to HT. Temperature sensitivities of Rd were considerably suppressed by drought, and the suppression varied among growth temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to quantify interactions between drought and growth temperature for reliably modelling Rd under climate change. Our study also demonstrated that the Kok method, one of the currently popular methods for estimating Rd, underestimated Rd significantly.
Experience of parents of preschool children in Hawaii during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Glauberman Gary , Wong Daisy Kristina , Qureshi Kristine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in major disruption to economic, health, education, and social systems. Families with preschool children experienced extraordinary strain during this time. This paper describes a qualitative study examining the experience of parents of preschool children in Hawaii during the COVID‐19 pandemic.SampleThirteen (N = 13) parents of preschool children living on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, participated in small group discussions occurring in February and March 2021, approximately 1 year after the start of the pandemic in the state. Discussion transcripts were coded and sorted into themes.ResultsFour themes emerged: stressors due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, family coping and resources, meaning of the COVID‐19 crisis to the family, and family adaptation patterns. Themes mapped to the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response model.ConclusionFamilies relied on various resources to cope with stressors experienced due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and adopted new patterns related to seeking healthcare and household emergency preparedness. Findings may inform policies and interventions to support families during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and future public health emergencies.