bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrographic flow mapping for atrial fibrillation: theoretical basis and preliminary observations
Authors: Haines David E. , Kong Melissa H. , Ruppersberg Peter , Haeusser Philip , Avitall Boaz , Szili-Torok Tamas , Verma Atul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAblation strategies remain poorly defined for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with recurrence despite intact pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). As the ability to perform durable PVI improves, the need for advanced mapping to identify extra-PV sources of AF becomes increasingly evident. Multiple mapping technologies attempt to localize these self-sustained triggers and/or drivers responsible for initiating and/or maintaining AF; however, current approaches suffer from technical limitations. Electrographic flow (EGF) mapping is a novel mapping method based on well-established principles of optical flow and fluid dynamics. It enables the full spatiotemporal reconstruction of organized wavefront propagation within the otherwise chaotic and disorganized electrical conduction of AF. Given the novelty of EGF mapping and relative unfamiliarity of most clinical electrophysiologists with the mathematical principles powering the EGF algorithm, this paper provides an in-depth explanation of the technical/mathematical foundations of EGF mapping and demonstrates clinical applications of EGF mapping data and analyses.
Graphical abstract
Starting with a 64-electrode basket catheter, unipolar EGMs are recorded and processed using an algorithm to visualize the electrographic flow and highlight the location of high prevalence AF “source” activity. The AF sources are agnostic to the specific mechanisms of source signal generation.
Compact Sets in Petals and Their Backward Orbits Under Semigroups of Holomorphic Functions
Authors: Kourou Maria , Zarvalis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet (ϕt)t≥ 0 be a semigroup of holomorphic functions in the unit disk $\mathbb {D}$
D
and K a compact subset of $\mathbb {D}$
D
. We investigate the conditions under which the backward orbit of K under the semigroup exists. Subsequently, the geometric characteristics, as well as, potential theoretic quantities for the backward orbit of K are examined. More specifically, results are obtained concerning the asymptotic behavior of its hyperbolic area and diameter, the harmonic measure and the capacity of the condenser that K forms with the unit disk.
Micromechanical Fields Associated with Irregular Deformation Twins in Magnesium
Authors: Leu Brandon , Kumar M. Arul , Rottmann Paul F. , Hemker Kevin J. , Beyerlein Irene J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the development of deformation twins is paramount for engineering strong and stable hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Mg alloys. Actual twins are often irregular in boundary morphology and twin crystallography, deviating from the classical picture commonly used in theory and simulation. In this work, the elastic strains and stresses around irregular twins are examined both experimentally and computationally to gain insight into how twins develop and the microstructural features that influence their development. A nanoprecession electron diffraction (N-PED) technique is used to measure the elastic strains within and around a $$\left\{ {10\overline{1}2} \right\}$$

10

1
¯

2

tensile twin in AZ31B Mg alloy with nm scale resolution. A full-field elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform (EVP-FFT) crystal plasticity model of the same sub-grain and irregular twin structure is employed to understand and interpret the measured elastic strain fields. The calculations predict spatially resolved elastic strain fields in good agreement with the measurement, as well as all the stress components and the dislocation density fields generated by the twin, which are not easily obtainable from the experiment. The model calculations find that neighboring twins, several twin thicknesses apart, have little influence on the twin-tip micromechanical fields. Furthermore, this work reveals that irregularity in the twin-tip shape has a negligible effect on the development of the elastic strains around and inside the twin. Importantly, the major contributor to these micromechanical fields is the alignment of the twinning shear direction with the twin boundary.
An experimental study to evaluate the efficiency of silicate drilling fluids on the stabilization of shale layers
Authors: Fan Jiawei , Ebadati Amirhossein , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRegarding the increasing production from unconventional reservoirs, especially shale reservoirs, it is essential to determine appropriate drilling fluid in drilling operations to have maximum efficiency. Selective performance of drilling fluids may increase the formation penetration rate and increase the drilling efficiency. This paper compares the three types of drilling fluids to compare their rheological properties and provide the best drilling fluid composition for shale stabilization. This paper can bring reliable experimental results for petroleum industries, especially drilling operations, to reduce the formation damage and shale instabilities in subsurface formations. To perform the tests under the same conditions, the formulation of all samples is the same in terms of both utilized polymers to determine the effect of other compositions in selected drilling fluids. For the silicate drilling fluid, since silicates perform well at higher pH (potential of hydrogen), the pH of the silicate drilling fluid is increased to 11 by the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The lowest decrease in fluid viscosity is related to silicate fluids, indicating the more excellent thermal stability of these types of drilling fluid than glycol and potassium chloride (KCl). Plastic viscosity (PV) is about 20 cP for silicate drilling fluids, while it has the minimum value for glycol drilling fluids after heating. It is about 7.5 cP. Apparent viscosity (AV) is about 23 cP for silicate drilling fluids, while it has the minimum value for glycol drilling fluids after heating. It is about 11 cP. The yield point (YP) before heating is almost the same for different fluids, but after heating the drilling fluids, the reflux point for silicate and glycol drilling fluids is significantly reduced. The yield point is about 6.5 Ib/100ft2 for silicate drilling fluids, while it has the maximum value for glycol drilling fluids after heating. It is about 8 Ib/100ft2.
Sharing Economy: Challenges for the Labor Market and the Labor Law in China and Globally
Authors: Zhang Chenguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sharing economy has had a substantial impact on the labor market and created challenges for companies in traditional industry and businesses. In conducting micro-comparative research on the existing standards that test the employment relationship between Uber and Uber drivers, this study reveals how different traditional labor law dogmas deal with the conundrum brought about by the sharing economy. The test of personal dependence derived from German labor law has been a model for China, Japan, and other civil law countries as the main standard to identify an employee. This test encounters a failure in the context of the sharing economy. Unlike China, the latest court decisions in the jurisdictions of the UK, the EU, and the US tend to increasingly categorize Uber drivers as employees. This study proposes that a new test or standard in labor law should be developed ‘bottom-up’ through the increasingly consistent development of local court decisions and local regulators’ efforts. A category that lies midway between the employee and the semi-employee is proposed for Uber drivers and other workers intermediated by sharing firms. The sharing firms (platforms), rather than individual workers, would have the ability to undertake the social cost and economic burden incurred when they are categorized as employers in labor law. Only these platforms can invoke their technological and organizational power to reasonably allocate such costs and burdens.
Leopard Panthera pardus camera trap surveys in the arid environments of northern Namibia
Authors: Portas Ruben , Wachter Bettina , Beytell Piet , Uiseb Kenneth H. , Melzheimer Joerg , Edwards Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Namibia, leopards (Panthera pardus) are widely distributed, used commercially as trophy animals and are often persecuted for perceived or real predation on livestock and valuable game species outside protected areas. Therefore, leopard populations living in protected areas might be important source populations and for maintaining connectivity. Little data on their population sizes and densities﻿ are available from the northern part of the country, particularly from protected areas. Here, we estimated leopard densities using a spatial capture–recapture approach in northern Namibia: (i) the Khaudum National Park (KNP) in north-east Namibia with an annual average rainfall of 450 mm and (ii) the Lower Hoanib River (LHR) in north-west Namibia with an annual average rainfall of 25 mm. With an effort of 2430 and 2074 camera trap nights in the KNP and LHR, respectively, 11 adult female and six adult male leopards were identified in the KNP, whilst only one adult female leopard was detected once in the LHR. For the KNP, a maximum likelihood approach (using the package SECR) revealed a density estimate of 2.74 leopards/100 km2, whereas a Bayesian approach (using the package SPACECAP) revealed a density estimate of 1.83 leopards/100 km2. For the LHR, no density estimate could be determined and it is suggested that the leopard density in such an arid environment is low. These are the first leopard density estimates based on camera trap surveys provided for these protected areas and thus of importance for further monitoring programs to understand leopard population dynamics. We discuss our findings with current habitat changes and conservation measures in both study areas.
Production technology, efficiency, and productivity of cereal farms: Prospects for enhancing farm performance in Ghana
Authors: Tsiboe Francis , Asravor Jacob , Owusu Victor , Mensah-Bonsu Akwasi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past three decades, the cereal subsector in Ghana has contributed immensely to food security in the country. However, limited evidence exists on the production performance of this subsector, particularly in terms of heterogeneities across agro-ecological zones. This paper analyzes the production technology and performance of the cereal subsector in Ghana using a nationally representative data set from 26,449 cereal farms and the meta-stochastic frontier approach. The empirical results suggest that the estimated factor inputs contribute substantially to cereal output, with land and seed exerting the highest impacts across all agro-ecological zones. The evidence further shows that the agro-ecology of cereal farms plays a crucial role in the performance of the subsector. The mean technical efficiency estimates strongly suggest that cereal farms in all agro-ecologies exhibit some degrees of production inefficiency. The findings further reveal total output from the meta-frontier to be much superior to those generated by cereal farms in all agro-ecologies of Ghana, indicating the existence of opportunities for cereal output gains in all agro-ecologies. We find heterogeneities in farm management practices and production technology across the various crops and agro-ecological zones to be relevant sources for cereal productivity growth in Ghana.
Liquidation, Bailout, and Bail-In: Insolvency Resolution Mechanisms and Bank Lending
Authors: Lambrecht Bart M. , Tse Alex S. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a dynamic, continuous-time model in which risk averse inside equityholders set a bank’s lending, payout, and financing policies, and the exposure of bank assets to crashes. We examine whether bailouts encourage excessive lending and risk taking compared to liquidation or bail-ins with debt-to-equity conversion or debt write-downs. The effects of the prevailing insolvency resolution mechanism (IRM) on the probability of insolvency, loss in default, and the bank’s value suggest no single IRM is a panacea. We show how a bailout fund financed through a tax on bank dividends resolves bailouts without public money and without distorting insiders’ incentives.
Discounting Restricted Securities
Authors: Umar Tarik , Yimfor Emmanuel , Zufarov Rustam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examine the costs of trading restrictions by exploiting an SEC rule change eliminating an approximately 80-day restriction period in private placements for small issuers. Using a difference-in-differences specification, we find that the restriction is binding, as dollar volume increases 19 percentage points vis-à-vis proceeds, and costly, as offering discounts fall by 8 percentage points. Discounts fall more for issuers with higher information asymmetry or longer restriction periods. We account for endogenous responses to the rule change. Overall, our findings suggest that trading restrictions are costly and have large effects on firms’ cost of capital.
EU–Third Country Dialogue on IUU Fishing: The Transformation of Thailand's Fisheries Laws
Authors: Naiki Yoshiko , Rakpong Jaruprapa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the impacts of the carding system (green, yellow, red) of the European Union (EU) Regulation on illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing on the fisheries laws of third countries. Specifically, it analyzes Thailand's national legal reforms, which followed interactions between the EU and Thailand during the yellow card period. Building on past research on the EU's use of market power to exert regulatory influence on third countries, the article explores other factors that might encourage third countries to engage in national regulatory reforms: the EU's powers of expertise, monitoring, and agenda-setting. Finally, the article also considers the legitimacy of the EU's regulatory power over third countries.
Neutral Composition Information in ICON EUV Dayglow Observations
Authors: Tuminello Richard M. , England Scott L. , Sirk Martin M. , Meier R. R. , Stephan Andrew W. , Korpela Eric J. , Immel Thomas J. , Mende Stephen B. , Frey Harald U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the earliest space‐based observations of Earth's atmosphere, ultraviolet (UV) airglow has proven a useful resource for remote sensing of the ionosphere and thermosphere. The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) spacecraft, whose mission is to explore the connections between ionosphere and thermosphere utilizes UV airglow in the typical way: an extreme‐UV (EUV) spectrometer uses dayglow between 54 and 88 nm to measure the density of O+, and a far‐UV spectrograph uses the O 135.6 nm doublet and N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield band dayglow to measure the column ratio of O to N2 in the upper thermosphere. Two EUV emission features, O+ 61.6 and 83.4 nm, are used for the O+ retrieval; however, many other features are captured along the EUV instrument's spectral dimension. In this study, we examine the other dayglow features observed by ICON EUV and demonstrate that it measures a nitrogen feature around 87.8 nm which can be used to observe the neutral thermosphere.
Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karaszewska Dominika , Cleintuar Patrick , Oudijn Marloes , Lok Anja , van Elburg Annemarie , Denys Damiaan , Mocking Roel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Several pioneering studies investigated deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, but overall effects remain yet unclear. Aim of this study was to obtain estimates of efficacy of DBS in AN-patients using meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched three electronic databases until 1st of November 2021, using terms related to DBS and AN. We included trials that investigated the clinical effects of DBS in AN-patients. We obtained data including psychiatric comorbidities, medication use, DBS target, and study duration. Primary outcome was Body Mass Index (BMI), secondary outcome was quality of life, and the severity of psychiatric symptoms, including eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. We assessed the risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool.

Results
Four studies were included for meta-analysis, with a total of 56 patients with treatment-refractory AN. Follow-up ranged from 6–24 months. Random effects meta-analysis showed a significant increase in BMI following DBS, with a large effect size (Hedges’s g = 1 ∙ 13; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 80 to 1 ∙ 46; Z-value = 6 ∙ 75; P < 0 ∙ 001), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0 ∙ 00, P = 0 ∙ 901). Random effects meta-analysis also showed a significant increase in quality of life (Hedges’s g = 0 ∙ 86; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 44 to 1 ∙ 28; Z-value = 4 ∙ 01, P < 0 ∙ 001). Furthermore, DBS decreased the severity of psychiatric symptoms (Hedges’s g = 0 ∙ 89; 95% CI = 0 ∙ 57 to 1 ∙ 21; Z-value = 5 ∙ 47; P < 0 ∙ 001, I2 = 4 ∙ 29, P = 0 ∙ 371).

Discussion
In this first meta-analysis, DBS showed statistically large beneficial effects on weight restoration, quality of life, and reduction of psychiatric symptoms in patients with treatment-refractory AN. These outcomes call for more extensive naturalistic studies to determine the clinical relevance for functional recovery.
This study is preregistered in PROSPERO,CRD42022295712.
Visualizing molecular interactions that determine assembly of a bullet-shaped vesicular stomatitis virus particle
Authors: Jenni Simon , Horwitz Joshua A. , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Whelan Sean P. J. , Harrison Stephen C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with a non-segmented genome, closely related to rabies virus. Both have characteristic bullet-like shapes. We report the structure of intact, infectious VSV particles determined by cryogenic electron microscopy. By compensating for polymorphism among viral particles with computational classification, we obtained a reconstruction of the shaft (“trunk”) at 3.5 Å resolution, with lower resolution for the rounded tip. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP), genomic RNA complexed with nucleoprotein (N), curls into a dome-like structure with about eight gradually expanding turns before transitioning into the regular helical trunk. Two layers of matrix (M) protein link the RNP with the membrane. Radial inter-layer subunit contacts are fixed within single RNA-N-M1-M2 modules, but flexible lateral and axial interactions allow assembly of polymorphic virions. Together with published structures of recombinant N in various states, our results suggest a mechanism for membrane-coupled self-assembly of VSV and its relatives.
Parametric longitudinal coupling between a high-impedance superconducting resonator and a semiconductor quantum dot singlet-triplet spin qubit
Authors: Bøttcher C. G. L. , Harvey S. P. , Fallahi S. , Gardner G. C. , Manfra M. J. , Vool U. , Bartlett S. D. , Yacoby A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoupling qubits to a superconducting resonator provides a mechanism to enable long-distance entangling operations in a quantum computer based on spins in semiconducting materials. Here, we demonstrate a controllable spin-photon coupling based on a longitudinal interaction between a spin qubit and a resonator. We show that coupling a singlet-triplet qubit to a high-impedance superconducting resonator can produce the desired longitudinal coupling when the qubit is driven near the resonator’s frequency. We measure the energy splitting of the qubit as a function of the drive amplitude and frequency of a microwave signal applied near the resonator antinode, revealing pronounced effects close to the resonator frequency due to longitudinal coupling. By tuning the amplitude of the drive, we reach a regime with longitudinal coupling exceeding 1 MHz. This mechanism for qubit-resonator coupling represents a stepping stone towards producing high-fidelity two-qubit gates mediated by a superconducting resonator.
Social incentivization of instrumental choice in mice requires amygdala-prelimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens connectivity
Authors: Kietzman Henry W. , Trinoskey-Rice Gracy , Blumenthal Sarah A. , Guo Jidong D. , Gourley Shannon L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial experiences influence decision making, including decision making lacking explicit social content, yet mechanistic factors are unclear. We developed a new procedure, social incentivization of future choice (SIFC). Female mice are trained to nose poke for equally-preferred foods, then one food is paired with a novel conspecific, and the other with a novel object. Mice later respond more for the conspecific-associated food. Thus, prior social experience incentivizes later instrumental choice. SIFC is pervasive, occurring following multiple types of social experiences, and is not attributable to warmth or olfactory cues alone. SIFC requires the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL), but not the neighboring orbitofrontal cortex. Further, inputs from the basolateral amygdala to the PL and outputs to the nucleus accumbens are necessary for SIFC, but not memory for a conspecific. Basolateral amygdala→PL connections may signal the salience of social information, leading to the prioritization of coincident rewards via PL→nucleus accumbens outputs.
Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael , Friedlingstein Pierre , Sitch Stephen , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Arora Vivek K. , Bastrikov Vladislav , Delire Christine , Goll Daniel S. , Jain Atul , Kato Etsushi , Kennedy Daniel , Knauer Jürgen , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , McGuire Patrick C. , Melton Joe R. , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Pongratz Julia , Poulter Benjamin , Séférian Roland , Tian Hanqin , Vuichard Nicolas , Walker Anthony P. , Yuan Wenping , Yue Xu , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2(and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink.