bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of fans and their effects on the turf microenvironment and disease development
Authors: Peacock Charles H. , Lyford Paul R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommon turf management practices such as close mowing, high fertilization rates, and frequent watering, in combination with stressful environmental conditions, can cause creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) golf greens to decline during the summer months in warm humid climates. Conditions that prevent the natural movement of air across a putting surface can contribute to severe disease problems. Electric fans are being used to provide increased airflow across putting greens on many golf courses. The objectives of this study were to determine if fans could reduce brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) disease incidence by altering the microenvironment at the canopy surface and reduce canopy temperature and leaf wetness duration and improve turf quality. The study was conducted on a mature stand of creeping bentgrass surrounded by heavy vegetation that impeded the natural movement of air across the putting surface. Fans were used to supplement ambient wind with up to 2.7 m s−1 air velocity across the experiential plots. Three 372‐W, 35.5‐cm diameter nonoscillating fans were used and operated continuously throughout the study. As wind velocity increased, turf canopy temperatures decreased. Average canopy temperatures were 28 °C at 2.7 m s−1 and 32 °C at 0.3 m s−1. Duration of leaf wetness also decreased as wind speed increased. Average disease incidence ranged from 11 to 33% at the lowest velocities, and 0 to 7% in plots with the highest wind velocities. Results indicate that using fans on creeping bentgrass golf greens significantly affected the microclimate and disease severity was reduced with higher wind velocities.
Prognostic value of pulmonary ultrasound score combined with plasma miR‐21‐3p expression in patients with acute lung injury
Authors: Liu Renyang , Zhao Guoxu , Wang Qinyu , Gong Fangxiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the value of the combination between lung ultrasound score (LUS) and the expression of plasma miR‐21‐3p in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute lung injury (ALI).Patients and methodsA total of 136 ALI patients were divided into survival (n = 86) and death groups (n = 50), or into low/middle‐risk (n = 77) and high‐risk groups (n = 59) according to APACHE II scores. Bioinformatics was used to explore the mechanism of action of miR‐21‐3p in humans. Real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR‐21‐3p in plasma, and LUS was recorded. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and Pearson correlation were also used.ResultsThe LUS and expression level of plasma miR‐21‐3p in the death and high‐risk groups were significantly higher than those in the survival and low/middle‐risk groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). miR‐21‐3p expression leads to pulmonary fibrosis and promotes the deterioration of ALI patients by regulating fibroblast growth factor and other target genes. ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff values for LUS and plasma miR‐21‐3p expression were 18.60 points and 1.75, respectively. LUS score and miR‐21‐3p combined predicted the death of ALI patients with the largest area under the curve (0.907, 95% CI: 0.850–0.964), with sensitivity and specificity of 91.6% and 85.2%, respectively. The expression level of plasma miR‐21‐3p was positively correlated with LUS in the death group (r = 0.827, p < 0.01).ConclusionLUS and expression level of miR‐21‐3p in plasma are correlated with the severity and prognosis of ALI patients, and their combination has a high value for the prognostic assessment of ALI patients.
Serum amyloid A‐to‐albumin ratio as a potential biomarker to predict the activity, severity, and poor prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zhang Qun , Feng Zhigang , Zhang Jinshan , He Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the predictive value of serum amyloid A‐to‐albumin ratio (SAR) for active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), severe active SLE, and poor prognosis of SLE.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐six patients with SLE undergoing treatment in our hospital were selected. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, and disease prognosis of all patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsThere were significant differences in SLEDAI, total glyceride (TG), serum amyloid A (SAA), SAR, urinary microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin (ALB), complement 3 (C3), anti‐dsDNA, anti‐Sm positive rate, and anti‐dsDNA positive rate between active SLE and stable SLE patients. TG, SAR, C3, ACR, and positive anti‐dsDNA were independent influencing factors of active SLE, and the odds ratio (OR) values were 2.342, 10.921, 0.832, 1.451, and 2.476, respectively. The area under curves (AUCs) of SAA, ALB, and SAR for predicting active SLE and severe active SLE were 0.743, 0.724, 0.787, 0.711, 0.686, and 0.733, respectively. The AUC of SAR for predicting the poor prognosis of active SLE was 0.719. High SAR, high ACR, low C3, and positive anti‐dsDNA were high risk factors for poor prognosis. Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) survival analysis showed that patients with high SAR, high ACR, low C3, and positive anti‐dsDNA had shorter continuous remission time than that with low SAR, low ACR, high C3, and negative anti‐dsDNA.ConclusionSAR had high predictive value for active SLE, severe active SLE, and poor prognosis of SLE. High SAR may be a potential marker for predicting the activity and prognosis of Chinese patients with SLE.
Combined training improves the diagnostic measures of sarcopenia and decreases the inflammation in HIV‐infected individuals
Authors: Ghayomzadeh Morteza , Hackett Daniel , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Gholami Mohammad , Hosseini Rouzbahani Negin , Azevedo Voltarelli Fabrício 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHIV‐related sarcopenia is an emerging health issue that often remains undiagnosed and can lead to reduced quality of life, independence, and premature death if untreated. This study investigated the effects of a 6 month combined training (resistance plus aerobic exercise) (CT) intervention on diagnostic measures of sarcopenia, including grip strength, appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and gait speed.MethodsForty participants were randomized into either a CT group (n = 20; age = 38.3 ± 4.9 years) or a control group (CON;n = 20; age = 37.9 ± 5.1 years). Participants in the CT group performed three supervised sessions per week for 6 months, consisting of weekly reverse linear periodized resistance training followed by 20 min aerobic training. Participants in the CON group were instructed to continue with their current lifestyle habits. Assessments were completed at baseline and after 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using a two‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for sex and preintervention values. Primary outcomes included grip strength, ALMI, and gait speed. Secondary outcomes were changes in levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α), IGF‐1, and myostatin. Associations were explored between changes in inflammatory markers (IL‐6 and TNF‐α), gait speed, and ALMI with grip strength.ResultsA significant increase in ALMI was found for CT compared with CON (0.29 ± 0.13 kg/m2vs. −0.11 ± 0.14 kg/m2, respectively;P < 0.001). Significant improvements in grip strength (7.86 ± 8.50 kg for CT vs. −1.58 ± 2.47 kg for CON) and gait speed (0.16 ± 0.07 m/s2for CT vs. −0.06 ± 0.52 m/s2for CON; bothP < 0.001) were also observed in CT compared with CON. Reduction in inflammatory biomarkers was found in CT compared with CON (IL‐6; TNF‐α, bothP < 0.001). An increase in IGF‐1 (74.36 ± 56.64 pg/mm3for CT vs. 7.19 ± 99 pg/mm3for CON;P < 0.001) and a decrease in myostatin (−158.90 ± 62.03 pg/mm3for CT vs. −43.33 ± 146.60 pg/mm3for CON;P < 0.001) was found following CT compared with the CON group. Change in grip strength was correlated with changes in IL‐6 (r = −0.65,P < 0.001), TNF‐α (r = −0.63,P < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.63,P < 0.001), and ALMI (r = 0.54,P = 0.001), but not IGF‐1 and myostatin. No adverse events were recorded, and compliance with the CT exercise sessions was high (>85%).ConclusionsCombined training appears to be an effective means to counteract sarcopenia and improve various inflammatory markers and growth hormones in people living with HIV.
Investigating the photocatalytic role of Ag3PO4 and CdS composites based on CNTs to degrade methyl orange under visible light
Authors: Karami Tayebe , Alijani Hassan , Abdouss Majid , Ahmadi Zahed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment, if done at a high efficiency and a low price, can be widely used as a strategy to deal with water shortage to a great extent. Advanced oxidation process is one of the best methods of removing colour contaminants from water, and the photocatalytic process, which functions based on semiconductors, is known as an advanced oxidation method. In this research, Ag3PO4/CdS/CNT (Ag/Cd/CN) photocatalyst was prepared using a simple precipitation method with different ratios and Ag/Cd/CN (3:1:15 wt%) nanocomposite showed the best result, so it was finally used to remove methyl orange from water in visible light irradiation. The prepared photocatalyst was detected by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy analyses. In addition, the morphology of the prepared photocatalyst was investigated and it determined that cadmium sulphide and silver phosphate particles were spread evenly on carbon nanotubes. According to the results of diffuse reflectance spectra analysis, the band gap of the optimum photocatalyst declined from 2.38 eV to 1.97 eV, in comparison with silver phosphate, and the decrease in photoluminescence resulted in the nanocomposite particles being coupled successfully. The distribution of the particles' sizes was analysed by DLS. Furthermore, BET determined mesopores in the prepared nanocomposite. This experiment was designed by Design Expert 7, where the pH parameters, photocatalyst amount, and time were all optimized. As a result, 0.4 g/L of the photocatalyst, prepared in pH = 2.5 and in 60 min, managed to degrade methyl orange (MO) by 98%. The best result was obtained at 45 °C. The prepared photocatalyst showed high stability in dye removal after being used for five cycles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
In situ load of sulfur species on hollow carbon spheres as advanced electrode for superior electrochemical activity
Authors: Liu Yantao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHollow carbon nanospheres (HCNS) were successfully prepared using silica as a template. After that, elemental sulfur particles were grown in situ on the surface of the hollow carbon nanospheres by a solution method to prepare HCNS/S composites.RESULTSThe morphology and crystal structure of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemical performance of the samples was tested by constant charge and discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra using coin 2032 half batteries. The electrochemical tests indicated that the as‐prepared HCNS/S composites exhibited an initial specific capacity of 1162 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.2 C.CONCLUSIONThe electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the as‐prepared HCNS/S composites displayed superior electronic conductivity during electrochemical cycles. The employment of HCNS/S composites is beneficial for the improvement of electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Application of dose‐addition analyses to characterize the abuse‐related effects of drug mixtures
Authors: Doyle Michelle R , Gannon Brenda M , Mesmin Melson P , Collins Gregory T 
Published: February 2022

Polysubstance use makes up a majority of drug use, yet relatively few studies investigate the abuse‐related effects of drug mixtures. Dose‐addition analyses provide a rigorous and quantitative method to determine the nature of the interaction (i.e., supraadditive, additive, or subadditive) between two or more drugs. As briefly reviewed here, studies in rhesus monkeys have applied dose‐addition analyses to group level data to characterize the nature of the interaction between the reinforcing effects of stimulants and opioids (e.g., mixtures of cocaine + heroin). Building upon these foundational studies, more recent work has applied dose‐addition analyses to better understand the nature of the interaction between caffeine and illicit stimulants such as MDPV and methamphetamine in rats. In addition to utilizing a variety of operant procedures, including drug discrimination, drug self‐administration, and drug‐primed reinstatement, these studies have incorporated potency and effectiveness ratios as a method for both statistical analysis and visualization of departures from additivity at both the group and individual subject level. As such, dose‐addition analyses represent a powerful and underutilized approach to quantify the nature of drug–drug interactions that can be applied to a variety of abuse‐related endpoints in order to better understand the behavioral pharmacology of polysubstance use.
Effect of mechanical cleaning protocols in the fiber post space on the adhesive interface between universal adhesive and root dentin
Authors: Castro‐Núnez Gabriela Mariana , dos Santos José Rodolfo Estruc Verbicário , Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Escalante‐Otárola Wilfredo Gustavo , Porto Thiago Soares , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cleaning protocols on the presence of residues, open dentinal tubules, and bond strength of a self‐etch adhesive plus a dual‐cure resin cement to dentin in the fiber‐post space. The methods for cleaning utilized were conventional irrigation (CI), rotary brush with continuous rotary movement (RB), and continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI). Sixty bovine incisors were used for fiber‐post space preparation. Thirty roots were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to the cleaning protocols and submitted to scanning electron microscope to evaluate presence of residues and relative quantity of open dentinal tubules on dentin surface. Similar protocols were performed in the other thirty roots (n = 10) using a self‐etching adhesive system (Scotchbond Universal) and a dual‐cure resin cement (Relyx Unicem 2). After 6 months cervical, middle, and apical thirds sections of fiber‐post space were submitted to push‐out testing. To data ANOVA and Tukey's test were employed (α = 5%). RB and CUI showed the lowest presence of residues on dentin surface (p = .015) and the highest bond strength values (p < .001), regardless of the dentin third. CUI presented the highest quantity of open dentinal tubules in middle and apical thirds (p < .001). CI presented the lowest bond strength value of resin cement, regardless of dentin third (p < .001). Mechanical cleaning protocols, such as RB and CUI, presented better surface cleaning capabilities and higher bond strength than CI with dual‐cure resin cement employed. The use of a mechanical cleaning protocol seems to cause appropriate condition on the root dentin surface. Mechanical cleaning of root dentin provided greater bond strength of the self‐etching system with dual resin cement. Conventional irrigation did not provide adequate root dentin cleaning.Research Highlights
• The use of a mechanical cleaning protocol seems to cause appropriate condition on the root dentin surface.
• Mechanical cleaning of root dentin provided greater bond strength of the self‐etching system with dual resin cement.
• Conventional irrigation did not provide adequate root dentin cleaning.
Ascorbic acid attenuates activation and cytokine production in sepsis-like monocytes
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Kahn Robin , Kahn Fredrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSepsis manifests due to the host's dysregulated immune response to infection. High-dose ascorbic acid (AA) has emerged as a potential treatment of sepsis, yet little is known regarding how AA influences the immune system in sepsis, such as monocytes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of high-dose AA on monocyte polarization and cytokine production in vitro. Monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 6) were polarized in vitro for 48 h using LPS or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Polarization was confirmed by surface marker expression using flow cytometry. In parallel, monocytes from septic patients (n = 3) were analyzed for polarization markers as a comparison with the in vitro polarization. The effect of AA on monocyte polarization was then evaluated. Finally, monocytes were analyzed for cytokine production by intracellular staining. Both LPS and LTA induced polarization in healthy monocytes in vitro, with increased expression of both pro (M1) (CD40 and PDL1, p &lt; 0.05) and anti-inflammatory (M2) (CD16 and CD163, p &lt; 0.05) polarization markers. This pattern resembled that of monocytes from septic patients. Treatment with AA significantly inhibited surface expression of CD16 and CD163 (p &lt; 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, AA attenuated LPS- or LTA-induced cytokine production of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. In conclusion, AA attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production and diminishes up-regulation of CD16 and CD163, but not of CD40 and PDL-1 in LPS- or LTA-polarized monocytes. This study provides important insight into the effects of high-dose AA on monocytes and potential implications in sepsis.
Back Cover Image
Authors: Wu Han , Shi Wenzheng , Huang Haiyuan , Chen Luzhu , Li Nian , Du Yufan , Pei Nuo , Sun Jie 
Published: February 2022

The back cover image is based on the Original Article The impact of Flavourzyme on flavor, antioxidant activity and sensory attributes of salted grass carp by brine injection and brining by Shi Wenzheng et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11506.image
Cardiac Size, Shape, and Ventricular Contractility in Fetuses at Sea Level With an Estimated Weight Less‐than 10th Centile
Authors: Lee Wesley , Mack Lauren M. , Miremadi Roxanna , Furtun Betul Yilmaz , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , DeVore Greggory R. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate cardiac size, shape, and ventricular contractility in fetuses with estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th centile at sea level (Houston).MethodsA prospective ultrasound study examined 37 fetuses with EFW <10th centile at sea level. High‐frequency cine clips were used to evaluate the 4‐chamber view including end‐diastolic measurements and global sphericity index. The size, shape, and contractility of both ventricles were analyzed with speckle tracking methods. Z scores were calculated using the mean ± standard deviation (SD) derived from normal controls. Measurements were abnormal if their Z score values were <−1.65 or >+1.65. The proportion of small fetuses with abnormal parameters was compared to normal reference ranges. Results were compared to a similar published study of small fetuses at higher altitude in Denver.ResultsAbout one‐third of Houston fetuses with EFW <10th centile had enlarged globular shaped 4‐chamber hearts with increased right ventricle (RV) area, RV basal‐apical length, RV base width, and left ventricle (LV) basal‐apical length measurements. Bilateral ventricular hypertrophy was often present. An increased proportion of Houston fetuses had increased ventricular contractility. However, decreased ventricular contractility was more prevalent for higher altitude fetuses.ConclusionsThird trimester fetuses at sea level, with an EFW <10th centile, were often associated with enlarged and globular‐shaped hearts. They had increased global and longitudinal ventricular contractility as compared to controls. Higher altitude fetuses also had enlarged globular‐shaped hearts but with a greater proportion of cases having decreased ventricular contractility as compared to the sea level cohort.
Degradation of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and functionality accompanied by the aggravation of pepper Phytophthora blight in a facility shed in Southwest China
Authors: Li Minghui , Cai Peng , Hou Shaowei , Cheng Zhang , Wu Fuyong , Lin Xiangui , Hu Junli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a vital role in plant's resistance against soil‐borne pathogens including Phytophthora capsici, which causes the devastating Phytophthora blight and threatens pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation worldwide. In order to understand the interaction of indigenous AM fungal community and P. capsici during the aggravation of Phytophthora blight, a survey was performed in a facility shed in Southwest China. The blight severity of pepper plants was evaluated based on a 0–5 scale (L0–L5), and the corresponding root AM fungal colonization, and the abundance and community composition of AM fungi as well as the population of P. capsici in root‐adjacent soil, were all investigated. Along with the rise of disease severity, increased soil P. capsici population was shown. In contrast, there were significant decreases in root colonization rate and the diversity indices rather than the abundance of soil AM fungi. The root colonization rate and the diversity indices of AM fungi all showed significant negative correlations with soil P. capsici population. Compared to plants with lower disease severities (L0–L2), higher severities (L3–L5) significantly modified soil AM fungal community composition, mainly through replacing the beneficial Glomus phylotypes by Paraglomus ones. Overall, the results disclosed the dynamic competition between indigenous AM fungi and P. capsici behind the onset of pepper Phytophthora blight, which highlights the importance of establishing soil suppressiveness on the control of soil‐borne diseases.
Brownification reduces oxygen gross primary production and community respiration and changes the phytoplankton community composition: An in situ mesocosm experiment with high‐frequency sensor measurements in a North Atlantic bay
Authors: Soulié Tanguy , Stibor Herwig , Mas Sébastien , Braun Benjamin , Knechtel Johanna , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Sommer Ulrich , Vidussi Francesca , Mostajir Behzad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, the increase in terrestrial inputs to freshwater and coastal ecosystems, especially occurring at northern latitudes, has led to a process of water color darkening known as “brownification.” To assess how brownification affects plankton community composition and functioning in northern coastal areas, an in situ mesocosm experiment using a highly colored humic substance to simulate a brownification event was performed in a North Atlantic bay (Hopavågen, Norway) in August 2019. Manual sampling for analyses of nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton pigments and zooplankton abundances was combined with high‐frequency (every 15 min) monitoring of key environmental variables to investigate the response of the plankton community in terms of oxygen metabolism and community composition. In response to brownification, the oxygen gross primary production (GPP) and community respiration (R) slowed down significantly, by almost one‐third. However, GPP and R both decreased to the same extent; thus, the oxygen metabolic balance was not affected. Moreover, the chlorophyll‐a concentration significantly decreased under brownification, by 9% on average, and the chemotaxonomic pigment composition of the phytoplankton changed, indicating their acclimation to the reduced light availability. In addition, brownification seemed to favor appendicularians, the dominant mesozooplankton group in the mesocosms, which potentially contributed to lowering the phytoplankton biomass. In conclusion, the results of this in situ mesocosm experiment suggest that brownification could induce significant changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition and significantly alter the overall oxygen metabolism of plankton communities in a northern Atlantic bay.