bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance, Superhydrophobic, and Wearable Strain Sensor for Amphibious Human Motion Detection
Authors: Ma Junchi , Qing Yongquan , Song Haoyang , Yao Yuxuan , Xu Xinyu , Long Cai , Cui Miao , Han Mengxue , Liu Changsheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWearable strain sensors with water repellency can enable the monitoring of human health and body motions when in contact with water; however, realization of such sensors with both high sensitivity and dynamic wetting behaviors simultaneously in air and underwater environment is a challenging task. Herein, a superhydrophobic, breathable, and wearable microfiber composite (SBWMC) strain sensor is fabricated using a stearic acid functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/TiO2 modified textile. The resultant network of hierarchical micro/nano structure endows the SBWMC surface with excellent conductivity and water damage prevention, and it maintains superhydrophobicity after mechanical abrasion, illumination, and water soaking. More importantly, the SBWMC strain sensor simultaneously achieves the wide sensing ranges (strain over 100%) and superior sensitivity (gauge factor of 461.5) in air, and it can efficiently monitor real‐time bending of human joints in air. Compared to traditional sensors, this SBWMC strain sensor also exhibits superior sensitivity in underwater environment, even comparable to that in air. Undoubtedly, such smart sensor offers broad application prospects in next generation of wearable electronic devices in extremely humid environments.
Fully 3D‐Printed Cuff Electrode for Small Nerve Interfacing
Authors: Zurita Francisco , Grob Leroy , Erben Amelie , Del Duca Fulvia , Clausen‐Schaumann Hauke , Sudhop Stefanie , Hayden Oliver , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterfacing with the peripheral nervous system is a powerful method for diagnosing and treating several diseases, such as drug‐resistant epilepsy and depression. In most clinical applications, large nerves such as the vagus and the hypoglossal nerve are targeted. Large nerves carry multiple nerve fibers, and maintaining selectivity of a specific target response demands complex stimulation strategies. As the large trunks bifurcate toward their distal ends, their diameter and number of comprised fibers reduce. Consequently, interfacing small nerves can provide increased fiber selectivity. However, their small size presents challenges to the fabrication and implantation of suitable electrodes due to their fragility and constrained environments. Here, a cuff electrode that combines two‐photon stereolithography and 3D inkjet printing techniques for the selective interfacing of small nerves in vivo is introduced. The device is easy to implant, and its size can be tailored for specific nerve dimensions. Its capability to record and selectively stimulate is demonstrated by targeting a locust's hind leg nerve.
Advanced Functional Composite Materials toward E‐Skin for Health Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sun Qi‐Jun , Lai Qin‐Teng , Tang Zhenhua , Tang Xin‐Gui , Zhao Xin‐Hua , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectronic skin (E‐skin), especially the wearable sensors efficiently detect various stimuli attracted huge research interest owing to their potential applications in health monitoring and artificial intelligence. On the other hand, functional polymer composites possessing excellent properties such as light weight, good flexibility, and superior electrical performances, are promising candidates as building blocks for flexible electronics. Accordingly, tremendous efforts are devoted to the development of polymer composites with functional properties for E‐skin applications. Here, recent advances on the controlled fabrication of various fillers based functional polymer composites and their diverse applications in E‐skin are reviewed. In addition, contemporary studies on fabrication strategies, working mechanisms, and device performance for E‐skin based on the functional polymer composites are reviewed, including flexible pressure sensors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, energy harvesters, and transistors. Furthermore, the applications of functional composite based flexible electronics in healthcare and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities for the functional composite materials based E‐skin are summarized.
One‐Step Generation of Porous GelMA Microgels by Droplet‐Based Chaotic Advection Effect
Authors: Gan Zhongqiao , Liu Haitao , Wang Yaqing , Tao Tingting , Zhao Mengqian , Qin Jianhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPorous GelMA microgels are promising scaffolds for biomedical research and regenerative medicine due to their special topology, cell‐loading capacity, and high biocompatibility. However, the traditional preparation of porous microgels is often limited by some complex postprocessing processes such as freeze‐drying and swelling equilibrium. Herein, we present a simple strategy for in situ generation of porous GelMA microgels as cell carriers by integrating the placeholder of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chaotic advection effect of droplets in microfluidic devices. The device is mainly composed of four functional units, including droplet generation, rapid mixing, photopolymerization, and collection. The strategy allows precise control of the size and porosity of the microgels by changing the flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phases. Furthermore, both human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on the surface of obtained microgels show high cell viability, spreading, and proliferation, which indicate their good biocompatibility and potential as microcarriers for various cell types. The proposed strategy provides a novel approach for the preparation of porous microgels holding promise in tissue engineering and scalable cell expansion.
In Situ Cutting of Ammonium Perchlorate Particles by Co‐Bipy “scalpel” for High Efficiency Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhang Siwei , Ren Zhuoqun , Tang Xiaolin , Zhang Kuan , Zhou Rui , Wu Dan , Liao Jun , Zhang Yifu , Huang Chi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBurning rate of solid propellants can be effectively improved by adding catalysts and using smaller size ammonium perchlorate (AP). Although few reports, the exploration of changing the size of AP primary particles by catalysts is of great significance for improving combustion performance. Here, taking Co‐bipy as an example, the potential advantages of such materials as AP decomposition catalysts are reported. Due to the existence of NO3− combined with oxygen rich environment provided by AP, the structural self‐transformation from micronrods to nanoparticles can be quickly realized during the heating process. More importantly, when Co‐bipy decomposes, it can play the role of “scalpel” and in situ cut AP particles. Results show that high‐temperature decomposition of Co‐bipy/AP occurs at 305.8 °C, which is 137.5 °C lower than that of pure AP. Catalytic mechanism is discussed by in situ IR and TG‐IR, CoO can effectively increase the content of reactive oxygen species and weaken the N–H bond, realizing the rapid oxidation of NH3. Eventually, the behavior of Co‐bipy cutting AP particles is tested. This interesting catalyst structure self‐transformation behavior can not only realize the influence on AP, but also perform a positive function in the combustion process of solid propellants, such as opening the adhesive AP interface.
Cosolvent‐Assisted Formation of Charged Ion‐Solvent Clusters and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Magnesium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiao Jianhua , Zhang Xinxin , Fan Haiyan , Lin Qiyuan , Pan Ludi , Liu Haowen , Su Yi , Li Xuanzhang , Su Yipeng , Ren Shuaiyang , Lin Yitao , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance magnesium electrolyte is crucial for the practical application of rechargeable Mg batteries. Herein, a bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) ether (BTFE) cosolvent is introduced into the chlorine‐containing Mg electrolytes. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal that the positive electrostatic potential distributed around the hydrogen atoms in a BTFE molecule could interact with Cl− and facilitate the formation of charged, instead of neutral, ion‐solvent clusters in the BTFE cosolvated magnesium lithium chloride complex (MLCC) electrolyte, which helps to lift its ionic conductivity. The modified solvation structure also lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the ion‐solvent clusters, facilitating the in situ formation of solid electrolyte interphase. Using the BTFE cosolvated MLCC electrolyte, reversible Mg plating/stripping can be achieved at 20 mA cm−2 in a Mg//Mg cell, and an ultra‐long cycle life of 1200 h can be achieved at 5 mA cm−2. The new electrolyte also enables high capacity retention of 160 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles for a Mg//CuS full cell, or super‐long cycle life of over 10 000 cycles at 80 C for a Mg//Mo6S8 full cell. The merits of BTFE cosolvent, universally applicable to other chlorine‐containing Mg electrolytes, open a way to develop practical Mg battery electrolytes.
Nanostructured Co‐Free Layered Oxide Cathode that Affords Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Park Geon‐Tae , Sun H. Hohyun , Noh Tae‐Chong , Maglia Filippo , Kim Sung‐Jin , Lamp Peter , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of Co‐free Li[NixMn1−x]O2 cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) that can supersede Co‐containing Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 and Li[NixCoyAl1−x−y]O2 cathodes is considered a priority as Co is associated with price volatility, environmental concerns, and human rights violations. However, the complete removal of Co from cathodes for LIBs is difficult because Co‐free cathodes suffer from structural instability and inferior capacity. In this study, a morphology‐engineering approach is used to develop a Co‐free Li[Ni0.9Mn0.1]O2 cathode with a Ni‐rich core–Mn‐rich shell structure to overcome the limitations of Co‐free Li[NixMn1−x]O2 cathodes. The engineered morphology of the Co‐free Li[Ni0.9Mn0.1]O2 cathode particles effectively dissipates internal strain caused by state‐of‐charge heterogeneity and fracture toughening the cathode. Owing to the effective dissipation of internal strain and chemical protection provided by the Mn‐rich shell, the Co‐free cathode demonstrates excellent long‐term cycling stability; it retains 78.5% of its initial capacity after 2000 cycles at 1 C charge and 0.8 C discharge rates, and retains an unprecedented 79.5% after 1000 cycles under fast‐charging conditions (3 C charge and 1 C discharge). The proposed Co‐free layered oxide cathode represents a next‐generation cathode that affords fast‐charging and durable LIBs, which are more cost effective than LIBs featuring commercial Co‐containing cathodes.
Analysis of secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents (8–18 years) from Kraków (Poland) between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Artymiak Paulina , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the changes of the motor skills of children and adolescents from Kraków between 2010 and 2020.MethodsThe group included 4106 children and adolescents (8–18 years of age). The analysis of changes included results of the following fitness tests: backwards overhead medicine ball throw, standing broad jump, dynamometric strength of the hand, flexibility test, as well as shuttle run (10 × 5 m).ResultsA negative trend in both sexes was observed in the results of overhead medicine ball throw. The girls also had a negative intergenerational changes in the results of the shuttle run and the flexibility test. A positive secular trend was also observed in both sexes in relations to the dynamometric force of the right and left hand. In addition, the boys studied in more contemporary times showed better results in the shuttle run, compared to their peers in 2010.ConclusionThe study reported a decline in overall motor performance in children and adolescents. The observed results may be related to a decrease in the level of physical activity, as well as a higher incidence of overweight and high levels of body fat in the modern population.
Multiprocessing Quantum Computing through Hyperfine Couplings in Endohedral Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Fu Peng‐Xiang , Zhou Shen , Liu Zheng , Wu Cong‐Hui , Fang Yu‐Hui , Wu Zhi‐Rong , Tao Xing‐Quan , Yuan Jia‐Yue , Wang Ye‐Xin , Gao Song , Jiang Shang‐Da 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnetic molecules have shown great potential in quantum information processing due to the chemical tunablity of their quantum behaviors. Chemical derivatives of endohedral nitrogen fullerenes with long coherence time and rich energy levels were synthesized and studied to demonstrate the ability of multiprocessing in quantum information using electron magnetic resonance. After initialization of the 12‐levelled spin system, subgroups of spin energy levels coursed by the hyperfine couplings can be selectively manipulated. The cooperatively combining of the parallel calculations enabled quantum error correction, increasing the correct rate by up to 17.82 %. Also, different subgroups of transitions divided by hyperfine coupling can be treated as independent qubits, and multi‐task quantum computing were realized by performing Z‐gate and X‐gate simultaneously, which accelerates the overall gating speed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Defluorinative Coupling of Difluoroalkenes and Aryl Boronic Acids for Ketone Synthesis
Authors: Sun Guangwu , Liu Herui , Wang Xiu , Zhang Wenbo , Miao Wenjun , Luo Qinyu , Gao Bing , Hu Jinbo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reaction is a useful approach for ketone synthesis. However, it is often problematic to use exogenous carbonyl reagents, such as gaseous carbon monoxide. In this manuscript, we report a novel palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of gem‐difluoroalkenes and aryl boronic acids that yields bioactive indane‐type ketones with an all‐carbon α‐quaternary center. Characterization and stoichiometric reactions of the key intermediates RCF2PdII support a water‐induced defluorination and cross‐coupling cascade mechanism. The vinyl difluoromethylene motif serves as an in situ carbonyl precursor which is unprecedented in transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions. It is expected to raise broad research interest from the perspectives of ketone synthesis, fluoroalkene functionalization, and rational design of new synthetic protocols based on the unique reactivity of difluoroalkyl palladium(II) species.
Rhodium Single‐Atom Catalyst Design through Oxide Support Modulation for Selective Gas‐Phase Ethylene Hydroformylation
Authors: Farpón Marcos G. , Henao Wilson , Plessow Philipp N. , Andrés Eva , Arenal Raúl , Marini Carlo , Agostini Giovanni , Studt Felix , Prieto Gonzalo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA frontier challenge in single‐atom (SA) catalysis is the design of fully inorganic sites capable of emulating the high reaction selectivity traditionally exclusive of organometallic counterparts in homogeneous catalysis. Modulating the direct coordination environment in SA sites, via the exploitation of the oxide support's surface chemistry, stands as a powerful albeit underexplored strategy. We report that isolated Rh atoms stabilized on oxygen‐defective SnO2 uniquely unite excellent TOF with essentially full selectivity in the gas‐phase hydroformylation of ethylene, inhibiting the thermodynamically favored olefin hydrogenation. Density Functional Theory calculations and surface characterization suggest that substantial depletion of the catalyst surface in lattice oxygen, energetically facile on SnO2, is key to unlock a high coordination pliability at the mononuclear Rh centers, leading to an exceptional performance which is on par with that of molecular catalysts in liquid media.
Placing juvenile specimens in phylogenies: An ontogenetically sensitive phylogenetic assessment of a new genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation, South Africa
Authors: Poole Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the new dryosaurid genus Iyuku are explored using parsimony analysis. As all known specimens are juvenile, each character of the data matrix was examined across all included taxa for morphological changes through ontogeny in the phylogenetic characters. Any character that changed in any taxon was considered an ontogenetically sensitive character (OSC) and coded as unknown for juvenile specimens, including all specimens of Iyuku. This method was tested with three other genera in the data set that are known from juvenile and adult specimens: Orodromeus, Dryosaurus, and Hypacrosaurus. Four separate analyses were performed: (1) standard phylogenetic coding, (2) coding OSCs as unknown for juveniles, with both juvenile and adult OTUs present, (3) removal of adult specimens from second analysis, (4) adult specimens where known, taxa known only from juveniles coded as unknown for OSCs. In all taxa, congeneric juvenile and adult specimens were recovered as sister taxa (analysis 2), and juveniles in analysis 3 were found at a congruent node to the congeneric adult in analyses 1 and 4, though with a loss of resolution in the tree. Consideration of the changes in morphology through ontogeny across a given set of taxa can allow some confidence in the phylogenetic affinities of juvenile specimens. In all analyses, Iyuku is recovered as the sister taxon to Dysalotosaurus within Dryosauridae.
Disentangling classification and regression in Siamese‐based network for visual tracking
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Li Luming , Liu Hong , Yang Peng , Gao Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2022

SummarySiamese‐based trackers have made great progress in visual tracking community, however, the shared structure of network between classification and regression tasks limits the ability of the trackers to obtain more robust classification prediction and more accurate regression prediction. In this paper, we propose an effective visual tracking framework (named Siamese Disentangled Tracking‐Head, SiamDTH), which disentangles classification and regression in Siamese‐based network for visual tracking from two aspects: feature decoupling and differentiated tracking‐head. First of all, we gather the features of receptive fields with different scales and ratios, and decouple the correlation features through two different styles of feature fusion mode for classification and regression respectively. Moreover, we design the differentiated tracking‐head structure in the sibling head for discriminately handling the parallel classification and regression tasks on visual tracking. Extensive experiments on visual tracking benchmarks including VOT2018, VOT2019 and OTB100 demonstrate that our proposed SiamDTH achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with a considerable real‐time speed. Our source code is available at:https://github.com/xl0312/SiamDTH.
A 2‐mA charge‐balanced neurostimulator in 0.18‐μm/1.8 V standard CMOS process
Authors: Hosseinnejad Mahdi , Katebi Mostafa , Erfanian Abbas , Karami Mohammad Azim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a programmable neurostimulator 4 × VDD with 7.2 V operating voltage in a 0.18‐μm/1.8 V CMOS process. The output voltage compliance exceeds 6.2 V. A current gain control is designed to adjust bias current. A 5‐bit current mode digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) is used to set delivered current in current driver. A high output impedance current mirror is designed to guarantee charge balancing. The charge mismatch after biphasic stimulation is about 0.14%. Moreover, current mirrors are turned off after stimulation to decrease power consumption. The headroom voltage is about 1 V for all the voltage drivers and the current mirrors. The proposed neurostimulator occupies 0.95 × 0.95 mm2 with a maximum current range of 0–2000 μA and a power consumption less than 60 μW.
Operation of the anti‐doping laboratory for the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Zhang Lisi , Xing Yanyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoping analysis with a fast‐turnaround‐time reporting of 24/48 h is a “traditional” requirement for major competitions such as the Olympic Games, which require tremendously increased allocation of resources, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The “Closed‐Loop” concept and operation mode established by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (BOCOG) provided a relatively isolated environment to non‐Games‐related civilians. To maintain this system, more than 200 persons were included as supporting crew of the laboratory with massive logistic resources allocated. The National Anti‐Doping Laboratory in Beijing carried out the analysis mission of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. During the Winter Olympics, 3165 samples were analyzed, whereas during the Paralympics, 679 samples were analyzed. The workforce accomplishing this work was composed of 36 domestic analysts, 20 international experts from other World Anti‐Doping Agency‐accredited laboratories, 61 university students with suitable majors, and 12 on‐site instrumental engineers. This article summarizes the achievements from the laboratory's preparation phase; in‐Game operational details such as instruments, methods, workforces, and facility; and the Quality Assurance measures to maintain the integrity and correctness of results reported to the Result Management Authority, with the effect of the pandemic and “Closed‐Loop” situation during the whole process highlighted.