bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Women: An Unheard Voice
Authors: Singh T , Nagesh S , Ray T K , Sharma S 
Published: October 2022

Background: Geriatric age group constitutes 8.3% of Indiaâ€™s population, with sex ratio in favour of elderly women by 1022:1000. Health problems of women in geriatric age in particular have not been explored reasonably and therefore little attention from health planners was made available for geriatric women across the developing countries including India. Objectives: 1.To assess the magnitude and pattern of health problems in geriatric women, 2. To find out relation between socio-demographic factors and health problems of subjects. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among geriatric women aged 60 years and above (n=512), residing at Kalyanpuri, a resettlement colony in Delhi. An interview in their local language with the help of a pre-structured and pre-tested proforma along with physical examination was carried out. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical examination and available treatment and/ or investigation reports. Data was analysed using SPSS version 12. For comparison of proportions, chi-square test was used. Results: Out of 512 geriatric women, 80% belonged to 60-69 years age group.74.8% reported one or more morbidities. On an average 4 morbidities were found in most of the subjects. The most prevalent morbidity was arthritis (46.9%) followed by cataract (42.0%), acid peptic disorder (35.4%), oro-dental problems (34.6%) and respiratory problems (22.1%). Among the socio-demographic variables, age, literacy status, marital status were significantly associated with morbidities (P<0.05). Conclusion: Very high prevalence of morbidities was found among geriatric women, in the study area. This indicates the need for an accessible, affordable, pro-elderly, comprehensive health services in the community.
A study on Medical studentsâ€™ opinions about faculty power point presentations during lecture
Authors: Sekhar K. Chandra , Rout Manas Ranjan , Rao K. Uma Maheswara 
Published: October 2022

Background: With respect to a multimedia presentation, style refers both to the style of the writing and to the appearance of the slides. Nowadays many faculty members are using different varieties of presentations through power point to many students. Really what extent it is useful for improving their knowledge level, effectiveness of the method and suggestions for improvement. Hence, this study was designed to conduct among medical students. Objectives: 1. To find the opinions of medical students about faculty presentations during lecture. Materials and Methods: The present institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at Alluri Sita Ramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, during the period from April 2016 to June 2016. A total of 125 individuals were selected from the one of the batch of Final MBBS, part-1 and randomly picked up this batch. Results were analysed and necessary statistical tests were applied. Results: Out of 125 study population, 58.4% were females and 41.6% were males. In the study population Only 46/125 (36.8%) students were opined faculty created interest during listening the class. Out of 125 students, 78 students opined that faculty members presented > 25 slides in their class. But there was no statistical difference was observed between number of slides and eye contact (P-0.32). About 90.4% students given opinion faculty taught relevant subject in their class. Very less proportion of faculty (25.6%) given mental breaks in the class during lecture. Conclusions: Based on the above study results, time taken by faculty is adequate, content delivered in the lecture is also good. But, only number of slides per class is more and mental breaks in the class is also less. In addition to regular practice, these changes also to be incorporated in their classes will give better output of the students in the areas of learning.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Tribal Population of a Tea Estate in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Basundhara , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha , Ray Kuntala , Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: October 2022

Background: Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices play an instrumental role in the social and in turn the individual aspect of human life for promotion of good growth, health, behaviour and cognitive development of the child. Objectives: To find out the current Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and their correlates among tribal children aged 0-23 months residing in a tea garden of Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken among 109 children aged 0-23 months belonging to tribal parents. The mothers of the selected children were interviewed at their home with the help of a pre-tested pre-designed schedule and information on socio-demographic profile, feeding history and feeding practices of the study children was collected. In addition, anthropometric measurements were also done. Results: Among the infants aged below 6 months, breastfeeding was found to be universal. Initiation of complementary feed in the form of semi-solid/solid food was done before and after 6 months in 9.5% and 90.5% respectively among children aged 6-23 months. 44 % of the study population was found to have age-appropriate feeding practices. Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding practices were found to be quite poor in the tribal children. Interventions are needed to improve the knowledge of the mothers regarding the same.
Gender perspectives in ear care: A cross-sectional study in Delhi
Authors: Kohli Charu , Kadirvelu Udhayabashkaran , Garg Suneela 
Published: October 2022

Background: Ear disease in children is a major public health problem in developing countries. There has been scarcity of evidence of any gender differentials if exist with ear care in the Indian context. Objective: To study the gender perspectives in ear care with regard to attitude and care seeking behaviour of care givers of children 1-10 years of age in Delhi. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban health centre situated in north east district of Delhi from January to March 2015. 160 caregivers of ill children aged 1-10 years who came to seek medical care in out-patient department (OPD) constituted the study population. Chi square test or Fisherâ€™s Exact test (wherever required) was used to observe the differences between qualitative variables.Results:The study was conducted among 160 caregivers of 87 (54.4%) male children and 73 (45.6%) female children. Mean (+SD) monthly family income was INR 7637.5 + 1155.30. When inquired about the attitude of caregivers about playing of their child with another child who is suffering from hearing loss, 18 (20.7%) caregivers of male children perceived that their child will also suffer from hearing loss while 30 (41.1%) caregivers of female children, agreed for the same (Ï‡2 = 7.87, df = 1, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: The present study showed gender differences in some aspects of ear care which points towards stigma and discrimination. There were important implications of differences in health seeking with gender.
Knowledge of Carcinoma Cervix among rural women of Reproductive age in Trichy district, India
Authors: Veerakumar A.M 
Published: October 2022

Introduction and objectives: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is imperative for women to be aware about the disease and its prevention. So this study was carried out to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer among women in rural areas of Trichy District. Materials and methods: Community Based- Cross sectional study was conducted in the months of February and March 2016 in the rural areas of Vellanur and Pullambadi with a sample size of 300. Only Reproductive age group women (15 years-45 years) were included. Convenient sampling method was used. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and Analysed by using SPSS v20. Results: Out of the 300 women studied, 89% had heard about cervical cancer, of which only 12.73% had good knowledge on cervical cancer. Knowledge regarding symptoms, risk factors, cause, preventability, availability of screening tests and vaccines were 11.61%, 19.48%, 30.71%, 41.95%, 60.30% and 9.36% respectively. A significant association was found between knowledge of cervical cancer with younger age and with higher education. Conclusion: Knowledge among women in the study area was found to be low. To reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, awareness regarding the disease has to be created among the public.
Household food safety practices in a rural area of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mani Geetha , William Roseline Fatima , Thirunaaukarasu D 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Food safety is a public health priority. Though contamination of food could occur at any point from production to consumption, a substantial proportion of foodborne diseases occur due to inadequate food safety practices at home. This study was undertaken to assess food safety practices in rural households in the field practice area of our college and identify any association between food safety practices and occurrence of food-borne illness in the family. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among woman above thirty years of age attending the rural training and health centre of a medical college in Kancheepuram district between January to March 2016. A pre-tested schedule was used to obtain information of foodborne illness in the family in the past three months and food safety practices at home. The results were tabulated and appropriate statistical tests performed. Results: Among the 100 women participated, 28% reported that at least one person in their family has suffered from foodborne illness in the past three months. Significant statistical association was identified between occurrence of food-borne illness and absence of separate kitchen, inadequate hand washing practices, storing food for more than 1 day, reheating of stored food and housefly breeding in household (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study highlighted inadequacies in food safety at household level and the association with foodborne illnesses and need for similar studies in different parts of the country. The information obtained will help us develop an effective health education programme appropriate to target population.
Socio-demographic factors for early marriage and early pregnancy â€“ A community based study
Authors: Udgiri Rekha 
Published: October 2022

Background: Early marriage is one of key factor for dropping out the education and personal development, usually girls discontinue their schooling if a good marriage alliance is made. At the same time adolescent pregnancy remains a major contributing factor for maternal and child mortality. Objectives : To know the magnitude of early marriage and young pregnancy in the field practice area and to assess the socio-demographic factors of the participants. Materials and methods: Present study was community based cross-sectional study, no intervention was done. A total of 128 women were participated in the study. House to house survey was done for period of 6 months in both the rural field practice and urban field practice area. Results and Conclusion: The present study observed the significant difference between rural and urban area with response to age at marriage, duration of married life, number of children, knowledge about contraception, reason for early marriage and pregnancy. Traditional practices and family pressure, lack of contraception usage after marriage and after child birth was found to be reason for early marriage and young pregnancy in this region.
Knowledge of food groups among mothers of preschool children in a rural area of Villupuram district, Tamilnadu.
Authors: Johnson Abel K Samuel , Abraham Sherin Billy , Muthukumar T , Bazroy Joy , Purty Anil J , Singh Zile 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Nutrition is defined as the process by which the organism utilizes food. Malnutrition is a major public health problem as both under nutrition and obesity has serious negative health implications. Childhood malnutrition adversely impacts the overall lifelong health of individuals by affecting growth and development. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the mothers of under five children in Anaichikuppam, a rural area of Villupuram district during the month of November 2013. A total of 157 mothers of pre school children were interviewed in the study. The mothers were asked to fill six food groups in the appropriate boxes based on the requirements per day in the â€œThe food guide pyramidâ€. The food items present in the food pyramid were given in the questionnaire and asked to mark in the appropriate boxes based on their priority. Results: A total of 157 mothers were interviewed in the study. Maximum number of mothers marked fats and oils (66%) against the appropriate box in the food pyramid. Majority of the mothers (92%) had wrong perception about cereals and marked it wrongly in the food pyramid. Conclusion: The knowledge of the mothers regarding nutrition is fairly acceptable in our study population. More emphasis needs to be given to fruits, vegetables and cereals since least priority has been given to these food groups.
Exploring the Application of Colour Coding For Quality Health Care
Authors: Annadurai Kalaivani 
Published: October 2022

Colour coding is defined as the systematic, standard application of color to aid in classification and identification.1 Colour coding in health care is mainly used for better enhancement, differentiation, systematic classification. Colour coding is used in various fields of medicine for different purpose. Techniques used commonly are colour differentiation and colour matching.2Colour coded growth chart is an important tool for the classification of malnutrition and used as a diagnostic aid for Health care workers and educational tool for mother in child care.3 Rapid categorization of victims during mass casualties follows colour coding and decides medical action required. Red tag indicates critical patients demanding immediate action, yellow tag indicates non-ambulatory patients between critical and minor categories requiring urgent action, green tag for ambulatory patients who need minor care and black tag implies expired patients.4
Climate Change: Impact on Vector borne diseases
Authors: Mandal Nirmal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Vector borne diseases (VPDs) are big threats for the world population, particularly for the poorest segments of society in developing and least-developed countries. Every year more than one billion people are infected and more than one million people die from VPDs including malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis and many others. Vector-borne diseases contribute to one sixth of the illness and disability suffered worldwide, with more than half the worldâ€™s population currently estimated to be at risk of these diseases.1VBDs are dynamic systems with complex ecology, which tend to adjust continually to environmental changes in multifaceted ways.2Â Although diverse factors such as seasonal weather variation, socioeconomic status, vector control programmes, environmental changes and drug resistance, impact the distribution of VBDs; climate change and variability are likely to influence more on current vector-borne disease epidemiology.2, 3Breeding of these vectors, its survival, capacity to bite, transmission of diseases, as well as survival of disease agent like parasite, bacteria or viruses, which these vector carry primarily depend on many environmental factors like rainfall, humidity, temperature etc.
Awareness and preventive practices related to hypertension among government school teachers in rural Tamil Nadu
Authors: Annadurai Kalaivani 
Published: October 2022

Background: Being in the stressful profession of teaching, awareness about hypertension is very important in the prevention and early detection of hypertension and thereby reducing its morbidity and mortality. Objectives: 1) To assess the awareness of risk factors, symptoms and complications of hypertension among government school teachers. 2) To find out the preventive practices related to hypertension among government school teachers. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 103 government school teachers with pre tested semi-structured questionnaire at Nandhivaram town of Kancheepuram district in Tamil Nadu. This study was done between August to October 2013. Results: Only 7.8% of the participants had high awareness score on hypertension. Prevalence of smoking among school teachers was found to be 2.92% (95% confidence interval -0.34 to 6.14%). About 19.41% were doing one or other form of physical activity in our study. Most of the participants (92.2%) checked their blood pressure at least once in the past and 37.9% were cautious about their daily salt intake. Conclusion: Most of the participants were not aware of effect and complications of hypertension and the preventive practices were low despite being teachers. Efforts should be made to implement comprehensive public health awareness programs to highlight the facts regarding hypertension and importance of lifestyle modifications.
Assessment of the Reasons for Specialization in Public Health among Students of All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health Kolkata
Authors: Sadhukhan Sanjoy Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Background: The reason(s) and motivation of the medical graduates opting for specialization in public health disciplines, the primary pillars of public health in India, is largely unknown. Objectives: Present study was conducted among newly admitted students of All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health (AIIH&PH), Kolkata to identify the reasons for joining post graduate public health courses. Methods: Self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information from all students admitted in 2013 after briefing and informed consent. Results: Total 42 students participated in the study, 10 MD (community medicine) and 32 DPH (Diploma in Public Health). The major primary reasons for specialization were to add some qualification after MBBS (30.9%) and no chance in other subjects (21.3%). Favourable reasons were only 28.6%. Conclusions: Similar studies need to be conducted in different parts of India to know the national situation and a serious thinking by the policy makers is required to improve the situation.
Prevalence of Gastro Intestinal symptoms and its determinants among rural population of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu,India
Authors: Kumar T Muthu , Kamal Raj , Bazroy Joy , Kumar Prahan , Singh (Brig.) Zile 
Published: October 2022

Background: Water is the most common yet the most precious resource on earth without which there would be no life on earth .The most predominant water borne disease is diarrhoea of which 88% is attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Diarrhoea causes 4% of deaths worldwide. Objective: To measure the prevalence of Gastro Intestinal (GI) problems and its determinants in rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Chunampet, Kancheepuram district. The study area includes ten villages, out of which 2 villages were selected. The study was conducted on January 2014. Sample size was calculated as 1200. Data was collected using questionnaire containing details on socio demographic profile, drinking water, and details of family members with Gastro intestinal symptoms. Results & Conclusion: During the last 3 months, 11.8% (58) of the houses had GI problems. 55.7% households use pipe water for drinking purpose, 64.4% household members donâ€™t consume chlorinated water, 59.3% household members donâ€™t consume boiled water and 68.7% households donâ€™t have proper latrine facility. The study showed that the reported GI problems were high among the houses who consume water which is neither boiled nor chlorinated and donâ€™t wash their hands before eating ,which were the most likely risk factors for acquiring GI illness.
Why India urgently and dearly needs population norm for establishing medical college; - A case study of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Pandey Pavan 
Published: October 2022

A good medical college transforms quotidian 12th pass students into an outstanding surgeon, paediatricians, or physicians who collectively lay the foundation of an effective health system. It is an open secret that the Medical Council of India (MCI) is solely responsible for the broken medical education system of India. On multiple occasions, MCI has been criticized for its corrupt practices and several newspapers have even called MCI by a variety of names.[1-4] The deteriorating quality of medical education in India is secondary to the establishment of substandard medical colleges due to the nexus between various stakeholders. The indifferent attitude of the medical fraternity has led to this situation. However, only a few people know about the other felonies that the MCI is silently committing. The MCI has catalysed the deterioration of the medical education system by formulating flawed policies, which are not evidence-based. One such policy-related misdemeanour is discussed in this article.
Assessment of level of cognition and their relation with functional status among geriatric population in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Naushad Md. Alam , Bhawnani Dhiraj , Verma Nirmal , Umate Laxmikant 
Published: October 2022

Background: Increasing longevity and transition of family from joint to nuclear have made aside to graying population, in context of that study have made to assess the relation between level of cognition and functional status. Objectives: Assessment of level of cognition and their relation with functional status. Methods: Community based cross-sectional observational study. Structured questionnaire was used for assessment of level of cognition MSQ (Mental status questionnaire) and for functional assessment Katz index was used. Results and conclusion: Dependency was positively associated with advancement of age and female sex. Male had more severe confusion than female. Cognitive impairment was shown to be statistically positively associated with disability.