bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Pearson, Spearman Rank and Kendall Tau Correlation Coefficients Using Quantitative Variables
Authors: El-Hashash Essam F. , Shiekh Rega Hassan Ali 
Published: October 2022

In all fields and branches of sciences especially statistics, the correlation coefficient is one of the most often used statistical measures. This study has been carried out for comparing the performances of the Pearson (), Spearman's Rank (), and Kendall’s Tau () correlation coefficients under three sample sizes based on the data of quantitative variables of cotton. Descriptive statistics showed the presence of genetic variability for the cotton studied traits in this study. The quantity, significance, and direction of the correlation calculated by differed in some cases from the other methods under the three sample sizes, opposite is true for and . The highest number of positive correlations among studied traits were by under N = 30 observations, and by and under N = 20 observations. The studied correlation methods performances by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) revealed that and appear to be a good estimator of correlation because they have the lowest values of RMSE. The highest values of RMSE were observed by and under N=10 and N=20, and by under N=30. The results of PCA could be useful and appropriate in this study, in which the PCA1 had highly positively correlated with the three studied methods for N=10 observations, and with and for N=20 observations.
Soil Profile Studies under Different Orchard Management System in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Nikita , Meena Ramawatar , Meena Kamlesh , Patle Nitu , Meena R. K. , Srivastava Rajneesh , Singh Pavan 
Published: October 2022

The investigation conducted at the laboratory of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha; Mirzapur during the year 2021-22. The objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties and macro-nutrient availability of orchard soil depth under (0–15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm) of different blocks of Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. By using GPS camera, 52 soil samples was collected from different orchard of different blocks of district. The physical and chemical properties of soil were critically analyzed. The pH of orchard soil was found slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. Total soluble salts were found less than 1dSm-1 . Organic carbon was observed high in upper surface (0-15 cm) and decreased with the increasing depth of the profile. Bulk density (1.28 – 1.97 Mg m3) and particle densities (2.49 – 2.65 Mg m3) were found in normal ranged for all the layers. The samples were found under low water holding capacity (30.87-65.24%) of all the orchards. Nitrogen was observed in low (110.30 kg ha-1) to medium (468.28 kg ha-1) range in the different layers (0-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90cm). Phosphorus and sulphur content were found medium (8.56-11.78 kg ha-1 and 10.6-13.9 kg ha-1) in surface layer and low (7.10 – 10.65 and 8.4-12.7 kg ha-1) for sub-surface layers. Available potassium was determined in high range (224.0-378.8 kg ha-1) for all the layers (0-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm).
Studies of first‐aid medical stations by flow simulation of damaged patients by the earthquake part 2: Investigation based on the area scale of disaster base hospitals by predicting the number of patients affected by a northern Tokyo Bay earthquake
Authors: Egawa Kana , Kojima Tokuhiro , Tsubota Yuu , Chiang Wen‐Jing , Ando Shigeru , Yamashita Tetsuro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on a simulation of casualties potentially affected by a Northern Tokyo Bay earthquake, we examined the limits and possibilities of medical relief activities and building space at disaster base hospitals. Considering casualty numbers over time, we determined details about the overall space required to deal with affected patients based on degree of urgency and ascertained the needs of each area. We found that the yellow area (for high‐risk patients) was relatively large; however, it was also found that affected patients remained and continued to accumulate in the red (critical) area for some time after the disaster.
Phylogenetic distance controls plant growth during early restoration of a semi‐arid riparian forest
Authors: Teixeira Leonardo H. , Mazzochini Guilherme G. , Kollmann Johannes , Ganade Gislene 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Little attention has been paid to phylogenetic diversity during restoration initiatives. Because plant phylogenetic distance can be a surrogate for functional diversity, its consideration could foster the restoration of degraded areas.
This study investigates the influence of species richness and phylogenetic relatedness during early restoration of a riparian forest located between the Atlantic Forest and semi‐arid ecosystems in NE Brazil. The restoration experiment was established along a perennial stream in Monte Alegre, RN, investigating the significance of species richness and phylogenetic diversity for sapling survival and growth of the restored communities.
We used phylogenetic information on 47 tree species naturally occurring at the study site. The resulting phylogenetic tree had a basal node with three major clades. To implement the experiment, three species from each clade were randomly selected, resulting in nine species (from five families). We defined five levels of diversity: (i) no planting, (ii) monoculture, (iii) three phylogenetically related species (same clade), (iv) three phylogenetically distant species (different clades) and (v) nine species. The experiment consisted of 96 (12 m × 10 m) plots established along the two margins of the stream. Overall, 1656 saplings (20–50 cm) were planted in September 2015 (184 per species). We tested whether the survival and growth of saplings are influenced by the number of species planted and phylogenetic distance among them.
We assessed plant mortality and growth during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Survival was lower but relative growth was higher for plants near the stream. After controlling for differences in initial size, plots with phylogenetically distant species produced significantly taller plants, but only when occurring near the stream. Diversity treatments did not influence plant survival, while initial size determined plant survival and growth.
Our findings show that greater phylogenetic distance led to increased plant growth, probably, because of the presence of functionally divergent species that use resources in a complementary way. Therefore, plant phylogenetic relatedness should be considered during the design of restored communities to improve the outcomes of future restoration initiatives.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage of β‐Alkyl Nitroolefins to α‐Ketoamides with Air
Authors: Yi Tao , Liu Quan , Zhang Yue , Huang Jinhao , Zeng Zhigang , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction for selective aerobic oxidative C−C bond cleavage of β‐alkyl nitroolefins and subsequent oxidative amidation with amines or amides was reported. The reaction all exhibited high selectivities and gave the corresponding α‐ketoamides with 66–88% yields. The mechanistic study revealed that the NO2‐directed aerobic oxidative C−C bond cleavage occurred on more electron‐rich allylic nitro tautomers, which originated from the equilibrium of conjugated nitroalkenes.magnified image
Metal‐ and Oxidant‐Free Electrosynthesis of Heterocycles from 1,2‐Diarylalkene Derivatives
Authors: Yu Eunsoo , Kim Hyungguk , Park Cheol‐Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynthesis of heterocycles from 1,2‐diarylalkene derivatives through electrosynthesis under metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions has been discovered. Cathodic reduction of 2‐alkenylbenzoic acid or anodic oxidation of 2‐alkenylbenzamide, 2‐alkenylphenol and 2‐alkenylaniline leads to the formation of reactive radical intermediates which afford corresponding phthalide, isochroman‐1‐one, isoindolin‐1‐one, benzofuran, and indole in satisfying yields with good functional group tolerance. Interestingly, different chemoselectivities were found in different reaction solvents. Several mechanistic investigations including cyclic voltammetry studies and control experiments were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanisms.magnified image
Electrochemically Enabled Dehydrogenative Phosphorothiolation of 2H‐Indazoles under Electrolyte‐Free Conditions
Authors: Ghosh Payel , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe have developed an electrochemical method for phosphorothiolation of 2H‐indazoles using S‐hydrogen phosphorothioates via cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction under metal‐free and electrolyte‐free conditions. This protocol is compatible with electron donating groups like −Me, −OMe, halogen and elctron withdrawing groups such as −COOEt, affording respective indazolyl phosphorothioates in 62%‐91% yields. Comprehensive mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway.magnified image
Phase‐Transition‐Cycle‐Induced Recrystallization of FAPbI3 Film in An Open Environment Toward Excellent Photodetectors with High Reproducibility
Authors: Wang Meng , Cao Fengren , Meng Linxing , Wang Min , Li Liang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite is an attractive building block for future optoelectronic applications. However, the strict fabrication conditions of perovskite devices impede the transformation of lab techniques into commercial applications. Here, a facile annealing‐free posttreatment is proposed to reconstruct the perovskite film to obtain high‐performance photodetectors with an optimized production rate. With posttreatment by methylamine thiocyanate, the prefabricated formamidinium‐lead triiodide (FAPbI3) film will undergo a recrystallization process consisting of a repeating phase‐transition‐cycle (PTC) between the black and yellow phases of FAPbI3, which improves the crystal quality and eliminates defects. As a result, some casually prepared or even decomposed perovskite films can be reconstructed, and the dispersion degree of the device performance based on the posttreatment method decreases by ≈21% compared to the traditional antisolvent method. This facile and annealing‐free posttreatment will be an attractive method for the future industrial production of perovskite devices.
Social injustice unveiled by genetic analysis: Argentina as a case study
Authors: Corach Daniel , Caputo Mariela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe population of the American countries is genetically heterogeneous, whose genesis result from of recent admixture events. In this process, the transoceanic European component displaced the original inhabitants of the continent.AimTo investigate whether socially differentiated cohorts exhibit underlying ancestry components within an urban admixed population, two cohorts of individuals inhabiting Argentina were studied. One cohort included genetically unrelated individuals involved in voluntary paternity testing while the other included sexual or blood‐crime suspects.Materials & MethodsWe analyzed over 2500 unrelated individuals: four Native American maternal lineage mtDNA markers in 1024 samples, five Y chromosome haplogroups in 658 male samples, 24 autosomal ancestry informative markers (AIMs) in 205 samples, and 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) in 1557 samples; countrywide and divided by regions.ResultsWhile our results confirm a tricontinental ethnic contribution to both cohorts, their proportions showed statistically significant differences, with a higher proportion of Native American ancestry in the cohort linked to violent crimes compared to those in paternity testing. This hallmark was observed with all the marker sets used and at various levels of analysis.DiscussionSince paternity tests are costly, socio‐economic differences might help to interpret our observations. The effect of discrimination against descendants of Native American minorities, and exposure to violent social environments, might link marginal groups to criminality.ConclusionOur findings underscore the relevance of proper social management since only by improving living conditions, reducing discrimination, promoting education, and providing job opportunities will it be possible to attain equality in a heterogeneous society. Genetic markers proved to be highly informative in unveiling unexpected social differences.
A Redox‐Controlled Substrate Engineering Strategy for Site‐Specific Enzymatic Fucosylation
Authors: Lu Na , Li Yun , Xia Hui , Zhong Kan , Jia Chenning , Ye Jinfeng , Liu Xianwei , Liu Chang‐Cheng , Cao Hongzhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFucosylation is one of the most common modifications of oligo‐N‐acetyllactosamine (oligo‐LacNAc) glycans. However, none of known fucosyltransferases (FucTs) could install the α1,3‐linked fucose to the oligo‐LacNAc substrates in a site‐specific manner. Here, we report a facile and general redox‐controlled substrate engineering strategy for the site‐specific α1,3‐fucosylation of complex glycans containing multiple LacNAc units. This strategy takes advantage of an operationally simple oxidation enzyme module by using galactose oxidase (GOase) to convert the LacNAc unit into oxidized C6′‐aldehyde LacNAc sequence, which is not a good substrate for recombinant α1,3‐FucT from Helicobacter pylori strain 26695 (Hpα1,3FucT), enabling the site‐specific α1,3‐fucosylation at intact LacNAc sites. The general applicability and robustness of this strategy were demonstrated by the synthesis of a variety of structurally well‐defined fucosides of linear and branched O‐ and N‐linked glycans.
Actinide Pnictinidene Chemistry: A Terminal Thorium Parent‐Arsinidene Complex Stabilised by a Super‐Bulky Triamidoamine Ligand
Authors: Du Jingzhen , Balázs Gábor , Seed John A. , Cryer Jonathan D. , Wooles Ashley J. , Scheer Manfred , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the direct synthesis of the terminal pnictidenes [An(TrenTCHS)(PnH)][M(2,2,2‐cryptand)] (TrenTCHS={N(CH2CH2NSiCy3)3}3−; An/Pn/M=Th/P/Na 5, Th/As/K 6, U/P/Na 7, U/As/K 8) and their conversion to the pnictides [An(TrenTCHS)(PnH2)] (An/Pn=Th/P 9, Th/As 10, U/P 11, U/As 12). Use of the super‐bulky TrenTCHS ligand was essential to accessing complete families, and 6 is an unprecedented example of a terminal thorium‐arsinidene complex and only the second structurally authenticated parent terminal arsinidene complex of any metal. Comparison of the terminal Th=AsH unit of 6 to the bridging ThAs(H)K linkage in structurally analogous [Th(TrenTIPS){μ‐As(H)K(15‐crown‐5)}] (TrenTIPS={N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}3−) reveals a stronger Th−As bond in the former compared to the latter, and a large response overall to the nature of the Th=AsH bonding upon removal of the electrostatically‐bound K‐ion; the σ‐bond changes little but the π‐bond is significantly perturbed.
Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Guan Xinyu , Chen Fengqian , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) with spatially periodic networks demonstrate significant advantages over their 2D counterparts, including enhanced specific surface areas, interconnected channels, and more sufficiently exposed active sites. Nevertheless, research on these materials has met an impasse due to serious problems in crystallization and stability, which must be solved for practical applications. In this Minireview, we first summarize some strategies for preparing functional 3D COFs, including crystallization techniques and functionalization methods. Hereafter, applications of these functional materials are presented, covering adsorption, separation, catalysis, fluorescence, sensing, and batteries. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives for the development of 3D COFs are discussed.
Accelerated and Concerted Aza‐Michael Addition and SuFEx Reaction in Microdroplets in Unitary and High‐Throughput Formats
Authors: Ghosh Jyotirmoy , Mendoza Joshua , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction is significant in drug discovery, materials science, and chemical biology. Conventionally, it involves installation of SO2F followed by fluoride exchange by a catalyst. We report catalyst‐free Aza‐Michael addition to install SO2F and then SuFEx reaction with amines, both occurring in concert, in microdroplets under ambient conditions. The microdroplet reaction is accelerated by a factor of ∼104 relative to the corresponding bulk reaction. We suggest that the superacidic microdroplet surface assists SuFEx reaction by protonating fluorine to create a good leaving group. The reaction scope was established by performing individual reactions in microdroplets of 18 amines in four solvents and confirmed using high‐throughput desorption electrospray ionization experiments. The study demonstrates the value of microdroplet‐assisted accelerated reactions in combination with high‐throughput experimentation for characterization of reaction scope.
Time‐resolved multiparameter analytics on a cell‐free production platform for acyl‐CoA precursors
Authors: Maehler Dominic , Hoefgen Sandra , Münchberg Ute , Schmitz Oliver J. , Rautschek Julia , Huang Ying , Freier Erik , Valiante Vito 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCell‐free biosynthesis is emerging as a very attractive alternative for the production of market‐relevant molecules. The free combination of enzymes, regardless of where they are isolated from, raises the possibility to build more efficient synthetic routes but at the same time leads to higher complexity regarding the analysis of the different enzymatic steps. Here we present an analytical method for the real‐time analysis of acyl‐CoA blocks forming and consuming during multi‐step catalyses. We focused on malonyl‐Coenzyme A and acetyl‐CoA, which are the most used acyl‐CoA units for carbon chain elongations. By employing capillary electrophoresis, we could detect the decrease of educts and the formation of products in a time‐resolved fashion.
Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO
Authors: Sreethu Thiyyanthiruthy Kumbalaparambil , Das Mithun , Parathodika Arshad Rahman , Bhattacharya Asit Baran , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates (ZnO)s with different surface features as vulcanization activators in unfilled SBR vulcanizates. ZnO is termed the best activator due to its fast reaction kinetics. A high release of ZnO into the environment harms marine ecosystems, and most ZnO production goes to the rubber sector; therefore, reducing ZnO amount is essential. Active, nano and functionalized ZnO compared to conventional ZnO in SBR matrix; concentration optimized based on curing, mechanical, physical, and dispersion analyses. The Arrhenius equation approximated the cure curve's kinetic constant and activation energy. Crosslink density measured by swelling experiment and solvent freezing point depression. Nano ZnO was used from 0.5 to 2phr, active ZnO from 1 to 4phr, and functionalized ZnO from 1 to 3phr compared to 5phr of conventional ZnO. The tensile strength of N1.5, F1.5, and A2 SBR increased by 5%, 26%, and 18% compared to C5SBR, whose elongation at break improved by 30%, 7%, and 23%. The data were analyzed using tukey HSD post hoc test. Regarding mechanical properties and curing characteristics, 2phr active, functionalized, and 1.5phr nano ZnO is analogous to 5phr conventional ZnO in an unfilled SBR matrix. The quantity of ZnO in rubber vulcanizates decreased successively by 60%, 60%, and 70%.
Das Hochwasser 2021: Ingenieuranalyse der Bauwerksschäden
Authors: Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen , Abrahamczyk Lars , Kaufmann Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDas Hochwasserereignis vom Juli 2021 hat besonders in den betroffenen Gebieten von Rheinland‐Pfalz und Nordrhein‐Westfalen außerordentlich schwere strukturelle Schäden an der allgemeinen Bebauung und der Infrastruktur hinterlassen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse einer Schadensdokumentation, die unmittelbar nach dem Hochwasser im Ahrtal und Bad Münstereifel durchgeführt wurde. Diese setzt eine Linie von Hochwasserschadensanalysen fort, die in den letzten 20 Jahren vom Erdbebenzentrum der Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar durchgeführt wurden und in der Entwicklung eines Hochwasserschadensmodells resultierten, mit welchem derartig schwere strukturelle Schäden prognostiziert werden können. Mit der Schadensdokumentation ließen sich die vom EDAC gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über das Verhalten der verschiedenen Bauweisen unter dem Einfluss einer extremen Hochwassereinwirkung vertiefen und plausibilisieren. Die vorgefundenen Schadensbilder des Hochwassers bestätigen die Ansätze des EDAC‐Hochwasserschadensmodells und zeigen die Notwendigkeit für eine Erweiterung auf, um die Besonderheiten der Überflutungsbedingungen und des Bauwerksbestands zu berücksichtigen. Es wird die Verbindung zu weiteren Auswertungen hergestellt, indem drohnenbasierte Techniken zur schnellen Zustandserfassung der von einer Naturkatastrophe betroffenen Gebiete und des Bauwerksbestands mit dem Ziel der Generierung von realitätsgetreuen und leicht interpretierbaren Lagebildern vorgestellt werden.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ceria‐doped zinc oxide under UV illumination prepared via chemical precipitation
Authors: Kumari Neha , Harsh Tripurari Kumar , Bhattacharya Arnab S. , Gaurav Kumar , Verma Ranjana , Samdarshi Sanjoy K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransition metal oxide has emerged as one of the most potential candidates for environment remediation by utilizing solar energy through photocatalysis. This study compares the optical characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) and ceria‐doped zinc oxide (CeZnO) nanoparticles synthesized through a facile chemical precipitation method without using any assistant catalyst. The present work investigates the consequences of ceria (cerium dioxide, CeO2) intrusion on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles using methylene blue (MB) as a probe pollutant. The CeZnO showed an increase in photoactivity when compared to ZnO nanoparticles for degradation of MB in an aqueous solution under ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The resulting heterojunction between ZnO and that of ceria enhances the charge separation efficiency showing a strong correlation between ZnO and CeO2 heterojunction on the charge transfer mechanism across the interface.
Corporate green bonds and carbon performance: An economic input–output life cycle assessment model‐based analysis
Authors: Wei Ping , Li Yiying , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a proprietary database of corporate green bonds issued in China, we investigate the effect of green bond issuance on firm‐level carbon performance and its impact mechanism. We utilize the Economic Input–Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) to evaluate corporate carbon performance and use all the 1074 firms that issued corporate bonds in 2009–2018 as the sample group. The empirical results reveal that the companies did not effectively achieve the expected carbon performance improvement post‐issuance. The mechanism analysis suggests that this might have been because the primary motivation for the companies to issue green bonds is to ease their financial constraints. Environmental regulations (at the national and industrial level) play a positive role in the relations between corporate green bond issuance and carbon performance. Overall, the findings raise an alert on the value of Chinese corporate green bonds in climate change mitigation and indicate the need for information disclosure and carbon performance‐linked supervision on green bond issuers.