bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐care workers' understanding of and barriers to palliative care services to Aboriginal children with cancer
Authors: Jessop S , Phelan C 
Published: April 2022

AimTo identify barriers in the understanding and provision of optimal palliative care to Aboriginal children with cancer by health‐care staff, with the aim to support education and training that highlights the importance of cultural, physical and spiritual needs at end‐of‐life.MethodsMedical and nursing staff working in Departments of Palliative Care, Metabolic Medicine and Haematology/Oncology at the Women's and Children's Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, were asked to complete a survey regarding their experience in treating Aboriginal children receiving palliative care. The survey addressed the understanding of cultural and spiritual needs, barriers encountered and opinions for improved services.ResultsThe survey was completed by 34 participants. 91.2% (n = 31) had provided care to Aboriginal children who were receiving care during palliative and end‐of‐life phases for a diagnosis of cancer, 58.8% (n = 20) of which had supported children returning home. Only 23.5% of participants reported comfort in communicating about spiritual/cultural needs with patients and families. There was minimal previous exposure to education (17.6%), yet all participants were interested in future education opportunities.ConclusionThis study highlights a paucity in understanding and comfort among health‐care workers in treating Aboriginal children at end‐of‐life. New models, including the training of staff, educational resources and involvement of Aboriginal health‐care workers, may improve care.
Sleep and epilepsy: A snapshot of knowledge and future research lines
Authors: Nobili Lino , Frauscher Birgit , Eriksson Sofia , Gibbs Steve Alex , Halasz Peter , Lambert Isabelle , Manni Raffaele , Peter‐Derex Laure , Proserpio Paola , Provini Federica , de Weerd Al , Parrino Liborio 
Published: April 2022

SummarySleep and epilepsy have a reciprocal relationship, and have been recognized as bedfellows since antiquity. However, research on this topic has made a big step forward only in recent years. In this narrative review we summarize the most stimulating discoveries and insights reached by the “European school.” In particular, different aspects concerning the sleep–epilepsy interactions are analysed: (a) the effects of sleep on epilepsy; (b) the effects of epilepsy on sleep structure; (c) the relationship between epilepsy, sleep and epileptogenesis; (d) the impact of epileptic activity during sleep on cognition; (e) the relationship between epilepsy and the circadian rhythm; (f) the history and features of sleep hypermotor epilepsy and its differential diagnosis; (g) the relationship between epilepsy and sleep disorders.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses
Authors: Nissen Sarah D. , Weis Rikke , Krag‐Andersen Elisabeth K. , Hesselkilde Eva M. , Isaksen Jonas L. , Carstensen Helena , Kanters Jørgen K. , Linz Dominik , Sanders Prashanthan , Hopster‐Iversen Charlotte , Jespersen Thomas , Pehrson Steen , Buhl Rikke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term exercise induces cardiac remodeling that potentially influences the electrical properties of the heart.Hypothesis/objectivesWe assessed whether training alters cardiac conduction in Standardbred racehorses.AnimalsTwo hundred one trained and 52 untrained Standardbred horses.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Resting ECG recordings were analyzed to assess heart rate (HR) along with standard ECG parameters and for identification of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study was performed in 13 horses assessing the effect of training on sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and His signal recordings. Age and sex adjustments were implemented in multiple and logistic regression models for comparison.ResultsResting HR in beats per minute (bpm) was lower in trained vs untrained horses (mean, 30.8 ± 2.6 bpm vs 32.9 ± 4.2 bpm; P = .001). Trained horses more often displayed second‐degree atrioventricular block (2AVB; odds ratio, 2.59; P = .04). No difference in SNRT was found between groups (n = 13). Mean P‐A, A‐H, and H‐V intervals were 71 ± 20, 209 ± 41, and 134 ± 41 ms, respectively (n = 7). We did not detect a training effect on AV‐nodal conduction intervals. His signals were present in 1 horse during 2AVB with varying H‐V interval preceding a blocked beat.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe identified decreased HR and increased frequency of 2AVB in trained horses. In 5 of 7 horses, His signal recordings had variable H‐V intervals within each individual horse, providing novel insight into AV conduction in horses.
Plasma concentrations of diclazuril following oral administration of diclazuril and diclazuril sodium salt to cattle
Authors: Dirikolu Levent , Lehner Andreas Fritz , Tobin Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiclazuril is a triazine‐based antiprotozoal agent widely used in veterinary practice that may have clinical application in the treatment of bovine protozoal diseases. The present study reports on the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of diclazuril and diclazuril sodium salt in cattle following administration of diclazuril suspended in water and by direct application of diclazuril sodium salt to the oral mucosa. Compared with diclazuril itself, the sodium salt formulation of diclazuril applied to the oral mucosa was rapidly and reliably absorbed. Plasma concentrations of diclazuril peaked at around 8 h after oral‐mucosal administration of diclazuril sodium salt. On the contrary, application of diclazuril itself orally resulted in delayed and variable absorption. The mean bioavailability of diclazuril as pure powder was 42.5% relative to diclazuril sodium salt indicating approximately 2.5‐fold increase in bioavailability of diclazuril as a sodium salt relative to diclazuril as a pure compound in cattle. The present study also reports finding of a previously unreported diclazuril metabolite at high concentrations in plasma especially after oral administration of diclazuril. Further studies, including synthesis and characterization of the novel described metabolite, are required to accurately determine aspects of the metabolism of diclazuril in cattle.
Management of alcohol‐related liver disease: the French Association for the Study of the Liver and the French Alcohol Society clinical guidelines
Authors: Louvet Alexandre , Trabut Jean‐Baptiste , Moreno Christophe , Moirand Romain , Aubin Henri‐Jean , Ntandja Wandji Line Carolle , Nourredine Mikail , Ningarhari Massih , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Bailly François , Boursier Jérôme , Daeppen Jean‐Bernard , Luquiens Amandine , Nguyen‐Khac Eric , Anty Rodolphe , Orban Thomas , Donnadieu‐Rigole Hélène , Mallat Ariane , Bureau Christophe , Pariente Emile‐Alexandre , Paupard Thierry , Benyamina Amine , Perney Pascal , Mathurin Philippe , Rolland Benjamin ,   for the Groupe collaboratif AFEF‐SFA Maladie du foie liée à l'alcool
Published: April 2022

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause of liver diseases in Western countries, especially in France. Alcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD) is an extremely broad context and there remains much to accomplish in terms of identifying patients, improving prognosis and treatment, and standardising practices. The French Association for the Study of the Liver wished to organise guidelines together with the French Alcohol Society in order to summarise the best evidence available about several key clinical points in ARLD. These guidelines have been elaborated based on the level of evidence available in the literature and each recommendation has been analysed, discussed and voted by the panel of experts. They describe how patients with ARLD should be managed nowadays and discuss the main unsettled issues in the field.
The impact of a package of behaviour change interventions on breastfeeding practices in East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Titaley Christiana Rialine , Dibley Michael J. , Ariawan Iwan , Mu'asyaroh Anifatun , Paramashanti Bunga Astria , Alam Ashraful , Damayanti Rita , Do Tran Thanh , Ferguson Elaine , Htet Min Kyaw , Li Mu , Sutrisna Aang , Fahmida Umi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuboptimal infant young child feeding practices are frequently reported globally, including in Indonesia. This analysis examined the impact of a package of behaviour change interventions on breastfeeding practices in Malang and Sidoarjo Districts, East Java Province, Indonesia. The BADUTA study (which in the Indonesian Language is an acronym for BAwah DUa TAhun, or children aged less than 2 years) was an impact evaluation using a cluster‐randomized controlled trial with two parallel treatment arms. We conducted household surveys in 12 subdistricts from Malang and Sidoarjo. We collected information from 5175 mothers of children aged 0–23 months: 2435 mothers at baseline (February 2015) and 2740 mothers at endline (January to February 2017). This analysis used two indicators for fever and diarrhoea and seven breastfeeding indicators (early initiation of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeding, exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, predominant breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding, age‐appropriate breastfeeding and bottle‐feeding). We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of the intervention. After 2 years of implementation of interventions, we observed an increased odds of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–2.53) and age‐appropriate breastfeeding (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07–1.79) in the intervention group than in the comparison group, at the endline survey. We found significantly lower odds for prelacteal feeding (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.41–0.65) in the intervention than in the comparison group. Our findings confirmed the benefits of integrated, multilayer behaviour change interventions to promote breastfeeding practices. Further research is required to develop effective interventions to reduce bottle use and improve other breastfeeding indicators that did not change with the BADUTA intervention.
Impact of prelacteal feeds and neonatal introduction of breast milk substitutes on breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Neves Paulo A. R. , Vaz Juliana , Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Nyhan Kate 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe introduction of fluids other than breast milk during the first few days of life or later neonatal period has been identified as a risk factor for suboptimal breastfeeding (BF) outcomes in numerous studies using varying study designs. However, the relationship between early introduction of fluids other than breast milk and BF outcomes has not been systematically assessed using only prospective studies that can establish temporality, which is critical for determining whether observed associations are causal. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies to assess if there is a difference in BF outcomes as a result of the introduction of: (a) milk‐based prelacteals, (b) water‐based prelacteals and (c) breast milk substitutes (BMS) between 4 days and 4 weeks postpartum. We searched PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science and other repositories for original research investigating the relationship between early introduction of prelacteals and/or BMS and BF outcomes. Forty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Of the 39 prelacteal feeding studies, 27 had the prerequisite statistical information for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Findings from the meta‐analysis showed a relationship between prelacteals and exclusive BF cessation (RR 1.44; 1.29–1.60) and any BF cessation (2.23; 1.63–3.06) among infants under 6 months old. Nine studies focusing on the introduction of BMS during the neonatal period identified this practice as a statistically significant risk factor for a shorter BF duration. Effective interventions are needed to prevent the introduction of unnecessary milk‐based prelacteals and BMS during the perinatal and neonatal periods to improve BF outcomes.
Small area variations in low birth weight and small size of births in India
Authors: Rana Md Juel , Kim Rockli , Ko Soohyeon , Dwivedi Laxmi K. , James K. S. , Sarwal Rakesh , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe states and districts are the primary focal points for policy formulation and programme intervention in India. The within‐districts variation of key health indicators is not well understood and consequently underemphasised. This study aims to partition geographic variation in low birthweight (LBW) and small birth size (SBS) in India and geovisualize the distribution of small area estimates. Applying a four‐level logistic regression model to the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (2015–2016) covering 640 districts within 36 states and union territories of India, the variance partitioning coefficient and precision‐weighted prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) and SBS (mother's self‐report) were estimated. For each outcome, the spatial distribution by districts of mean prevalence and small area variation (as measured by standard deviation) and the correlation between them were computed. Of the total valid sample, 17.6% (out of 193,345 children) had LBW and 12.4% (out of 253,213 children) had SBS. The small areas contributed the highest share of total geographic variance in LBW (52%) and SBS (78%). The variance of LBW attributed to small areas was unevenly distributed across the regions of India. While a strong correlation between district‐wide percent and within‐district standard deviation was identified in both LBW (r = 0.88) and SBS (r = 0.87), they were not necessarily concentrated in the aspirational districts. We find the necessity of precise policy attention specifically to the small areas in the districts of India with a high prevalence of LBW and SBS in programme formulation and intervention that may be beneficial to improve childbirth outcomes.
Expression profile analysis in cells overexpressing DRPLA cDNA to explore the roles of DRPLAp as a transcriptional coregulator
Authors: Hatano Keiko , Date Hidetoshi , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Matsukawa Takashi , Tanaka Masaki , Mitsui Jun , Goto Jun , Yoshimura Jun , Doi Koichiro , Morishita Shinichi , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the unstable expansion of CAG repeats encoding polyglutamine stretches in DRPLA gene (ATN1). DRPLAp, the gene product of ATN1, is located in the nucleus and has been shown to function as a transcriptional coregulator. Its target genes, however, remain largely unknown.AimTo elucidate the physiological functions of DRPLAp based on determination of the target genes regulated by wild‐type DRPLAp.MethodsUsing the cultured cells expressing wild‐type full‐length DRPLA cDNA (Q19) encoding DRPLAp under the control of the doxycycline (Dox)‐On system, we searched for genes whose expression levels were regulated by wild‐type DRPLAp (Q19).ResultsOn the basis of detailed RNA‐seq analyses, we identified seven up‐regulated genes and five down‐regulated genes in Q19 cells. In gene ontology analysis, the up‐regulated differentially expressed genes formed clusters featuring skeletal system morphogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and RNA metabolism, which is consistent with the recent report that the mutations in ATN1 lead to recognizable facial form and variable congenital anomalies.ConclusionThese findings support that DRPLAp may play a role as a transcriptional coregulator involved in the regulation of development.
Lack of antagonism between salicylic acid and jasmonate signalling pathways in poplar
Authors: Ullah Chhana , Schmidt Axel , Reichelt Michael , Tsai Chung‐Jui , Gershenzon Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

SummarySalicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often play distinct roles in plant defence against pathogens. Research fromArabidopsis thalianahas established that SA‐ and JA‐mediated defences are more effective against biotrophs and necrotrophs, respectively. These two hormones often interact antagonistically in response to particular attackers, with the induction of one leading to suppression of the other. Here, we report a contrasting pattern in the woody perennialPopulus: positive SA–JA interplay.Using genetically engineered high SA lines of black poplar and wild‐type lines after exogenous hormone application, we quantified SA and JA metabolites, signalling gene transcripts, antifungal flavonoids and resistance to rust (Melampsora larici‐populina).Salicylic acid and JA metabolites were induced concurrently upon rust infection in poplar genotypes with varying resistance levels. Analysis of SA‐hyperaccumulating transgenic poplar lines showed increased jasmonate levels, elevated flavonoid content and enhanced rust resistance, but no discernible reduction in growth. Exogenous application of either SA or JA triggered the accumulation of the other hormone. Expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes, frequently used as markers for SA signalling, was not correlated with SA content, but rather activated in proportion to pathogen infection.We conclude that SA and JA pathways interact positively in poplar resulting in the accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins.
Microtubule‐associated IQD9 orchestrates cellulose patterning in seed mucilage
Authors: Yang Bo , Stamm Gina , Bürstenbinder Katharina , Voiniciuc Cătălin 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Arabidopsis seeds release large capsules of mucilaginous polysaccharides, which are shaped by an intricate network of cellulosic microfibrils. Cellulose synthase complexes are guided by the microtubule cytoskeleton, but it is unclear which proteins mediate this process in the seed coat epidermis.

Using reverse genetics, we identified IQ67 DOMAIN 9 (IQD9) and KINESIN LIGHT CHAIN‐RELATED 1 (KLCR1) as two highly expressed genes during seed development and comprehensively characterized their roles in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis.

Mutations in IQD9 as well as in KLCR1 lead to compact mucilage capsules with aberrant cellulose distribution, which can be rescued by transgene complementation. IQD9 physically interacts with KLCR1 and localizes to cortical microtubules (MTs) to maintain their organization in seed coat epidermal (SCE) cells. IQD9 as well as a previously identified TONNEAU1 (TON1) RECRUITING MOTIF 4 (TRM4) protein act to maintain cellulose synthase velocity.

Our results demonstrate that IQD9, KLCR1 and TRM4 are MT‐associated proteins that are required for seed mucilage architecture. This study provides the first direct evidence that members of the IQD, KLCR and TRM families have overlapping roles in cell wall biosynthesis. Therefore, SCE cells provide an attractive system to further decipher the complex genetic regulation of polarized cellulose deposition.
Priming of rhizobial nodulation signaling in the mycosphere accelerates nodulation of legume hosts
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Xue , Mei Yan‐Zhen , Yang Qian , Zhang Ai‐Yue , Chen Man , Mei Yan , Ma Chen‐Yu , Du Ying‐Chun , Li Min , Zhu Qiang , Sun Kai , Xu Fang‐Ji , Dai Chuan‐Chao 
Published: April 2022

Summary

The simultaneous symbiosis of leguminous plants with two root mutualists, endophytic fungi and rhizobia is common in nature, yet how two mutualists interact and co‐exist before infecting plants and the concomitant effects on nodulation are less understood.

Using a combination of metabolic analysis, fungal deletion mutants and comparative transcriptomics, we demonstrated that Bradyrhizobium and a facultatively biotrophic fungus, Phomopsis liquidambaris, interacted to stimulate fungal flavonoid production, and thereby primed Bradyrhizobial nodulation signaling, enhancing Bradyrhizobial responses to root exudates and leading to early nodulation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and such effects were compromised when disturbing fungal flavonoid biosynthesis.

Stress sensitivity assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination revealed that flavonoid production acted as a strategy to alleviate hyphal oxidative stress during P. liquidambaris–Bradyrhizobial interactions. By investigating the interactions between P. liquidambaris and a collection of 38 rhizobacteria, from distinct bacterial genera, we additionally showed that the flavonoid‐ROS module contributed to the maintenance of fungal and bacterial co‐existence, and fungal niche colonization under soil conditions.

Our results demonstrate for the first time that rhizobial nodulation signaling can be primed by fungi before symbiosis with host plants and highlight the importance of flavonoid in tripartite interactions between legumes, beneficial fungi and rhizobia.
Can evolutionary history predict plant plastic responses to climate change?
Authors: Liu Hui , Ye Qing , Simpson Kimberley J. , Cui Erqian , Xia Jianyang 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Plant plastic responses are critical to the adaptation and survival of species under climate change, but whether they are constrained by evolutionary history (phylogeny) is largely unclear. Plant leaf traits are key in determining plants’ performance in different environments, and if these traits and their variation are phylogenetically dependent, predictions could be made to identify species vulnerable to climate change.

We compiled data on three leaf traits (photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content) and their variation under four environmental change scenarios (warming, drought, elevated CO2, or nitrogen addition) for 434 species, from 210 manipulation experiments.

We found phylogenetic signal in the three traits but not in their variation under the four scenarios. This indicates that closely related species show similar traits but that their plastic responses could not be predicted from species relatedness under environmental change. Meanwhile, phylogeny weakened the slopes but did not change the directions of conventional pairwise trait relationships, suggesting that co‐evolved leaf trait pairs have consistent responses under contrasting environmental conditions.

Phylogeny can identify lineages rich in species showing similar traits and predict their relationships under climate change, but the degree of plant phenotypic variation does not vary consistently across evolutionary clades.
Primitivist theories of truth: Their history and prospects
Authors: Wyatt Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimitivists about truth maintain that truth cannot be analysed in more fundamental terms. Defences of primitivism date back to the early years of analytic philosophy, being offered by G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, and Gottlob Frege. In more recent years, a number of contemporary philosophers—including Donald Davidson, Ernest Sosa, Trenton Merricks, Douglas Patterson, and Jamin Asay—have followed suit, defending their own versions of primitivism. I'll begin by offering a brief history of primitivism, situating each of these views within the landscape of primitivist truth theories and detailing some of their core motivations and apparent shortcomings. To close the discussion, I'll offer a diagnosis of the prospects of primitivism, focusing on the mystery challenge, which has loomed large throughout the history of primitivist truth theories, and the methodology that should be used in evaluating primitivist (and other) truth theories going forward.