bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico Analysis of Potential Drug Targets for Protozoan Infections
Authors: Rivera Gildardo , Juárez-Saldivar Alfredo , Campillo Nuria E. , Ortiz-Perez Eyra , Paz-Gonzalez Alma D. , Saavedra Emma 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Currently, protozoan infectious diseases affect billions of people every year.
Their pharmacological treatments offer few alternatives and are restrictive due to undesirable side
effects and parasite drug resistance.

Objective:
In this work, three ontology-based approaches were used to identify shared potential drug
targets in five species of protozoa.

Methods:
In this study, proteomes of five species of protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica),
Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia), Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi),
and Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana), were compared through orthology inference using three
different tools to identify potential drug targets.

Results:
Comparing the proteomes of E. histolytica, G. lamblia, T. vaginalis, T. cruzi, and L. mexicana, twelve targets for developing new drugs with antiprotozoal activity were identified.

Conclusion:
New drug targets were identified by orthology-based analysis; therefore, they could be
considered for the development of new broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drugs. Particularly, triosephosphate isomerase emerges as a common target in trypanosomatids and amitochondriate parasites.
Some Flavolignans as Potent Sars-Cov-2 Inhibitors via Molecular Docking,
Molecular Dynamic Simulations and ADME Analysis
Authors: Cetin Adnan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged at the end of 2019 in China and spread rapidly all over the world. Scientists strive to find virus-specific antivirals against COVID-19 disease. This study aimed to assess bioactive some flavolignans as potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) inhibitors using molecular docking study, molecular dynamic simulations, and ADME analysis.

Methods:
The detailed interactions between the flavolignans and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were determined using Autodock 4.2 software. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was docked with selected flavolignans and the docking results were analyzed by Autodock 4.2 and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-flavolignans’ complexes were subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period of 50 ns. To measure the stability, flexibility, and average distance between the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and flavolignans, root mean square deviations (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) were calculated, and the binding free energy calculations of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-flavolignans complexes were found to using the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method. SwissADME web tools were used to evaluate ADME properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of the flavolignans.

Results:
The binding energies of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro- flavolignans’ complexes were identified from the molecular docking of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Sinaiticin was found to be the highest binding affinity of -9.4 kcal/mol and formed π-lone pair and pi-alkyl interactions with the catalytic binding residues Glu166 and Cys145. Silychristin, Dehydrosilybin, Hydrocarpin, Silydianin, and 5’-metoxyhydcaprin also showed high binding affinities of -9.3, -9.2, -9.0, -8.7 and -8.6  kcal/mol, respectively. The flavolignans demonstrated strong Carbon H bond interactions with the binding site residues of the Gln192, Gly143, Leu27,Glu166, and Tyr54, and thereby can act as potent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV 2 Mpro.

Conclusion:
The selected flavolignans obey Lipinski’s rule of five. According to the results obtained from molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic simulations, and ADME analysis. It can be proposed that the flavolignans which can be used to design effective antiviral drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2, can be tried for promising and effective inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease in vitro and in vivo studies.
Hit or Miss: The Dilemma of Specimen Selection for Microbiological
Diagnosis of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral- COVID-Associated Mucormycosis
(ROCM-CAM)
Authors: Jain Vidhi , Aggarwal Alisha , Shrimali Twishi , Vishwakarma Kirti , Paul Debaleena , Kombade Sarika Prabhakar , Sharma Vidhu , Soni Kapil , Choudhary Bikram , Goyal Amit , Chugh Ankita , Tiwari Sarbesh , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Agarwal Ashwini , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: August 2022

Background:
We diagnosed various cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral- COVID-associated
Mucormycosis (ROCM-CAM) during India's second wave of COVID-19. This helped formulate novel
suggestions for improving laboratory output, applicable anywhere in the world.

Method:
To diagnose ROCM-CAM by microbiological methods, we used direct microscopy and conventional culture on various clinical samples within the shortest turn-around time.

Design:
Prospective single-center observational study

Participants:
patients with ROCM-CAM

Results:
Of 113 suspected cases of ROCM-CAM during May 2021, direct microscopy and culture
could confirm the disease in 87.61% and 44.25% of patients, respectively. The highest pathogen isolation was seen from maxillary bone fragments, FESS-guided biopsy from pterygopalatine fossae, nasal
turbinates and nasal mucosal biopsy. Direct microscopy could diagnose the disease in almost 40% of
patients within 24 hours and 60% within two days. Conventional cultures yielded Rhizopus spp. (86%)
as the commonest fungal pathogen followed by Mucor spp. (12%) within 7 days. Deep tissue biopsies
are more useful for rapid diagnosis than superficial specimens. Routine fungal cultures can supplement
case detection and help prognosticate survivors.

Conclusion:
The management of ROCM is a surgical emergency. The diagnosis of the condition must
therefore be prompt and precise. Despite ongoing antifungal therapy, nasal mucosal tissue, FESSguided, and intra-operative tissue biopsies showed the pathogen's highest diagnostic yield. The diagnostic index improved further when multiple (4-5) high-quality specimens were collected. Nasal swabs
and crusts, among the most commonly requested specimens worldwide, were found to have an overall
low diagnostic potential.
Tiny Regulators in Viral Infection: Carving SARS-CoV-2 by miRNAs
Authors: Martínez-Acuña Natalia , Lozano-Sepúlveda Sonia Amelia , del Carmen Martínez-Guzmán María , Rivas-Estilla Ana María 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Viruses are microscopic biological entities that can cause diseases. Viruses require a host cell to replicate and generate progeny. Once inside, viruses hijack the main cellular machinery for their benefit, disrupting cell functions and causing detrimental effects on cell physiology. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Recent works have shown that cell-miRNAs can modulate antiviral defense during viral infection, and viruses can disrupt these existing miRNA networks. Furthermore, multiple RNA viruses encode their own miRNAs to evade the host immune response. In this review, we analyze the activities of both, miRNAs as pro-viral modulators and miRNAs as anti-viral agents and their relationship with the development of the disease.
Research on Vibration Damping of Tuned Mass Damper for Wheeled
Excavator
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Xin , Li Zhanlong , Li Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

Background:
When driving and working, the engine, working equipment and uneven road
surface will cause severe vibrations to the wheeled excavator, which can affect efficiency and comfort.
This paper discusses various patents and presents a new method of vibration reduction for excavators.

Objective:
The research aims to design the excavator's counterweight as a tuned mass damper (TMD) to
reduce body vibration.

Methods:
The recent patents of TMD were investigated in this research. In this paper, the counterweight
of the excavator is designed as a non-linear TMD system. The vibration models were established under
the driving and crushing conditions, respectively. The vibration response of the vehicle body was calculated
and analyzed through MATLAB/Simulink under driving and crushing conditions. Finally, the
damping characteristics of the TMD system were discussed.

Results:
The vibration of the car body can be reduced by TMD. The improvement rates in vertical acceleration
were 8.05%, 11.85% and 11.15% for the three classes of road surfaces for the driving conditions.
The improvement rates of vertical accelerations for the three powers of crushing conditions are
16.18%, 18.32% and 23.48%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The vibration damping performance of the excavator was effectively improved by TMD in
the main working conditions. The variation of body vertical acceleration with TMD parameters indicates
the existence of optimal damping characteristics parameters for the TMD system at a fixed road
surface and vehicle speed.
Use of an Online Forum for Relatives of People With Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Jones Steven , Atanasova Dimitrinka , Dodd Susanna , Flowers Susan , Rosala-Hallas Anna , Robinson Heather , Semino Elena , Lobban Fiona 
Published: August 2022

Background
Relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder experience high levels of distress but are typically not offered the support they need. Online peer forums may offer a solution, but knowledge about who uses them, how, and why is limited. This study reported on online forum use during the Relatives Education and Coping Toolkit (REACT) trial.

Objective
We aimed to report who used the forum and why; how sociodemographic factors are associated with participation; the relationship among frequency, type of use, and outcomes; and how the forum was used.

Methods
The relationships between key sociodemographic characteristics, levels of forum use, and distress were statistically analyzed. We used thematic and semantic analyses to understand the reasons for relatives joining the forum and the key topics initiated by them. We also used the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Semantic Analysis System to compare how relatives and REACT supporters (moderators) used the forum.

Results
A total of 348 participants with full forum use data from REACT were included in this study. The forum was accessed by 59.4% (207/348) of the relatives across the entire age range, with no significant associations between sociodemographic factors and forum participation, or between level or type of use and relatives’ distress levels. Relatives joined the forum primarily to find people in similar circumstances, express concerns, and talk about stressful events. Relatives were most concerned about recent events, negative emotions linked to caring, experiences of conflict or threat, and concerns about suicide. These posts underscored both the challenges the relatives were facing and the fact that they felt safe sharing them in this context.

Conclusions
Although only a proportion of REACT participants engaged actively with its forum, they were widely distributed across age and other sociodemographic groupings. Relatives used the forum for information, support, and guidance and to offer detailed information about their experiences. The topics raised highlighted the burden carried by relatives and the potential value of easy-access, moderated, peer-supported forums in helping relatives to manage the challenges they faced.
On the Dual Role of Foreign Directors: New Insights from the Russian Boards
Authors: Kim Oksana 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Using a unique sample of hand-collected profiles of foreign directors over the period of 2006–2016, I examine whether foreign directors' board representation improves its dual role of monitoring and advising executives. The setting for this study is Russian public companies' boards of directors. I find that foreign directors' board representation is positively associated with the probability of Russian companies' cross-listing on London Stock Exchange's Main Market, alone or in combination with other markets. Non-London stock exchanges that are popular among Russian companies are characterized by less rigorous listing and reporting obligations as compared to London Stock Exchange. Accordingly, foreign directors enhance the boards' advisory role but only in cases in which their expertise is critical. Notably, foreign directors' serving on the audit committee is related to lower discretionary accruals and is associated with fewer modified audit opinion instances, thereby constraining managerial opportunistic behavior and enhancing the board's monitoring role
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G30; G34; J15.
The Value of Eliciting Information: Evidence from Sell-Side Analysts
Authors: Yezegel Ari 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The ability to elicit information is a critical skill that many analysts and other information agents strive to master. This paper develops and validates a novel approach to measure analysts’ skill in eliciting information and studies its relation with analysts’ performance. The results suggest that analysts who are skilled in eliciting information issue more accurate forecasts and more informative stock recommendations. Further, skilled analysts’ recommendations are incrementally more informative for companies with more opaque information environments and with managers who may be delaying bad news. Finally, analysts skilled in eliciting information are more likely to be cited by journalists, recognized by the profession (Institutional Investor all-star status), and less likely to be demoted. These findings demonstrate the importance of elicitation as a distinct skill that influences analysts’ output quality, thereby extending previous research that generally focuses on the performance effects of general analyst characteristics rather than specific skills.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M41; G11; G14.
Optimal Frequency of Retinopathy Screening in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Markov Modeling Approach Based on 30 Years of Data
Authors: Januszewski Andrzej S. , Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez-Aguirre Paul Z. , Craig Maria E. , Cusumano Janine , Pryke Alison , Hing Stephen , Liew Gerald , Cho Yoon Hi , Chew Emily Y. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Donaghue Kim C. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVECurrent guidelines recommend biennial diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening commencing at the age of 11 years and after 2–5 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests less frequent screening may be feasible.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSProspective data were collected from 2,063 youth with type 1 diabetes who were screened two or more times between 1990 and 2019. Baseline (mean ± SD) age was 13.3 ± 1.8 years, HbA1c was 8.6 ± 1.3% (70.1 ± 14.7 mmol/mol), diabetes duration was 5.6 ± 2.8 years, and follow-up time was 4.8 ± 2.8 years. DR was manually graded from 7-field retinal photographs using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. Markov chain was used to calculate probabilities of DR change over time and hazard ratio (HR) of DR stage transition.RESULTSThe incidence of moderate nonproliferative DR (MNPDR) or worse was 8.6 per 1,000 patient-years. Probabilities of transition to this state after a 3-year interval were from no DR, 1.3%; from minimal DR, 5.1%; and from mild DR, 22.2%, respectively. HRs (95% CIs) for transition per 1% current HbA1c increase were 1.23 (1.16–1.31) from no DR to minimal NPDR, 1.12 (1.03–1.23) from minimal to mild NPDR, and 1.28 (1.13–1.46) from mild to MNPDR or worse. HbA1c alone explained 27% of the transitions between no retinopathy and MNPDR or worse. The addition of diabetes duration into the model increased this value to 31% (P = 0.03). Risk was also increased by female sex and higher attained age.CONCLUSIONSThese results support less frequent DR screening in youth with type 1 diabetes without DR and short duration. Although DR progression to advanced stages is generally slow, higher HbA1c greatly accelerates it.
Improvement of Interaction Mechanism between Oil Refining Enterprises and Contractors
Authors: Farakhutdinova Z. G. , Bakhonina E. I. , Shutov N. V. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Major projects in the oil refining industry require the involvement of contractors. Cooperation with qualified and responsible contractors can be considered as a competitive advantage, allowing timely delivery of objects with the proper level of quality and safety.Significant injury rates in contracting organizations operating at oil refining facilities attract attention. This leads to an interest in safety of working conditions in the industry. One of the approaches to solving the problem is to use the occupational health and safety management system in the interactions of the customer and the contractor.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanism of rating contractors from the point of view of occupational and industrial safety.Theoretical Part. The paper uses the official statistical reports on injuries and the data on injuries of employees of contracting organizations at an oil refinery of a large Russian company. A mechanism for rating contractors in this area has been developed. It includes three sections with their own criteria and weight coefficients. The automatically generated and periodically updated rating is proposed to be placed in open access on the website of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment.Conclusions. The use of the proposed rating will allow customers working in the field of oil refining to reasonably judge the risks generated by the industrial safety system of potential contractors.
Practical Implementation of the Concept of Industrial Safety Culture on the Example of the Largest Mining Enterprises
Authors: Karnachev I. P. , Cheltybashev A. A. , Sudak S. N. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Currently, there are a number of different concepts for reducing occupational injuries. One of the most important mechanisms for reducing the number of potentially dangerous events and injuries at hazardous production facilities is the formation of an industrial safety culture. However, there are currently no studies devoted to the effectiveness of the use of the occupational safety and health management system.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to analyze the state of industrial safety culture based on occupational injury statistics.Theoretical Part. As the basic information, statistical reports on cases of industrial injuries provided by the Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company Joint Stock Company (JSC Kola MMC), a subsidiary of PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», were used, on the basis of which an analysis of the state of industrial safety culture was carried out.Conclusions. The results of a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of creating a favorable environment for the formation of industrial safety culture on the example of the concern PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», which includes the largest mining enterprise in the region, Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company (JSC Kola MMC), indicate the effectiveness of the measures taken.
Gross necropsy, histopathology, and ancillary test results from neonatal beef calves submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Rivero Luis A. , Zhang Shuping , Schultz Loren G. , Adkins Pamela R. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal findings in gross necropsy, histopathology, and ancillary test results from neonatal beef calves submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory.

Samples
This retrospective clinical case study was conducted by reviewing necropsy reports submitted between 2015 to 2020. Case inclusion criteria were animals had to be a bovine, 2 to 21 days of age, and a nondairy breed.

Procedures
Gross necropsy, histopathology, and laboratory test results were recorded. Identified lesions and abnormal test results were categorized based on body systems and infectious agent type. Age and system affected were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and Bonferonni pairwise comparisons.

Results
Overall, 1,060 reports were reviewed and 95 met the inclusion criteria. Median age of enrolled calves was 9 days (range, 2 to 21). A total of 252 lesions were identified with a median of 3 lesions/calf (range, 0 to 7) and 2 different body systems involved/calf (range, 0 to 5). The most common disorders were classified as digestive (42.1% [106/252]), respiratory (12.7% [32/252]), and multisystemic (11.1% [28/252]). With respect to age and system affected, calves with neurologic lesions were significantly younger (mean age, 5.1 days) than calves with digestive lesions (mean age 9.6 days).

Clinical Relevance
These data suggest a high prevalence of infectious diseases, mainly digestive, respiratory and multisystemic in origin. These findings could help guide producers and veterinarians when assessing factors contributing to neonatal beef calf loss.
The Green Hydrogen and the EU Gaseous Fuel Diversification Risks
Authors: Jansons L. , Zemite L. , Zeltins N. , Bode I. , Geipele I. , Kiesners K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element on the Earth, and it has really a wide variety of applications, starting from use in refining, petrochemical industry, steel manufacturing, and ending with use in energy production and renewable gas (hereinafter – RG) blending for gradual replacement of natural gas in all sectors of the national economy. Being practically emission-free, if produced in sustainable way or from renewable energy sources (hereinafter – RES), hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising energy sources for decarbonisation of practically the entire segment of industrial and energy production. Growing pressure of the European climate neutrality targets has triggered special interest in production, use, storage and transportation of hydrogen – especially the green one, which can be used in at least four fundamental ways: as a basic material, a fuel, an energy carrier and an energy storage medium. In the context of sector coupling, however, hydrogen facilitates decarbonisation of those industrial processes and economic sectors in which carbon dioxide (hereinafter – CO2) emissions can either not be reduced by electrification or this reduction would be minimal and linked to very high implementation costs. At the same time, development of an extensive hydrogen economy is the key to the achievement of the European climate protection targets, with the European Commission’s (hereinafter – EC) Hydrogen Strategy, a framework created in 2020 to develop and promote sustainable hydrogen economy in the European Union (hereinafter – EU), in its centre.
Green hydrogen also will take its legitimate place in the gaseous fuel diversification risk management strategy, as this gaseous fuel is not only one of the most perspective future energy sources, but also one of the most volatile and demanding sources. In the process of gaseous fuel diversification in the EU and worldwide, new logistical chains and supply – demand networks of green hydrogen will emerge. Therefore, adequate addressing of potential challenges of this new regional and global production, delivery and consumption framework will be of utmost importance for secure, safe and predictable functioning of future energy systems.