bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of wavelength-switchable watt-level blue external cavity diode laser for NO2 S-DIAL
Authors: Peng Xiqing , Luo Weixuan , Bai Yun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yusheng , Ling Qiang , Chen Hao , Luo Si , Guan Zuguang , Chen Daru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 2.3 W wavelength-switchable blue external cavity diode laser (ECDL) was studied. The laser was built on Littrow configuration and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) driver was employed to change the Littrow angle for wavelength tuning. Its emitting wavelength can be switched between 447.46 nm and 448.10 nm which are the required wavelengths for NO2 differential absorption lidar application. The measured spectral linewidth of the proposed ECDL was 0.08 nm. The main peak was at least 35 dB stronger than its adjacent freely running emission peak and background amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The wavelength switching dynamics were inspected and shows good repeatability at frequencies of 16.7 Hz and 50 Hz.
Transient behaviors of the pulsating dissipative solitons in a net normal-dispersion fiber laser
Authors: Lu Mengxiang , Wang Xude , Li Kaixin , Geng Xu , Pan Jieyu , Sun Mengqiu , Li Suwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As one of the universal phenomena in diverse fields, pulsating solitons exhibit charming and complex transient behaviors. Herein, based on the dispersive Fourier transform technique, three typical types of dissipative soliton pulsations are unveiled in a net normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser. According to their different oscillation modes, they are divided into single-period soliton pulsation, double-period soliton pulsation and asynchronous soliton pulsation. In particular, for the double-period soliton pulsation, the pulse shape repeats itself after two pulsations. Moreover, for asynchronous soliton pulsation, the dual-soliton evolve at different rates during the pulsation process, leading to the appearance of asynchronous phenomena. The findings will provide new insights into the complex mechanisms of soliton pulsation in fiber lasers and nonlinear dissipative systems.
Nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation of W-state codes using invariant-based reverse engineering
Authors: Wang Sheng , Ni Wen-Shu , Chen Ze-Wen , Feng Bao , Ning Yu , Kang Yi-Hao , Xia Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a protocol to realize nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation (NGQC)of W-state codes in a spin system using invariant-based reverse engineering. The Heisenberg XY interaction of spin qubits provides a two-dimensional computational subspace spanned by a pair of W states. By applying a time-dependent magnetic on the spin qubits, we realize the effective Pauli operations for the computational subspace. Assisted by the invariant-based reverse engineering, the waveform of the control field is designed and the evolution paths for the NGQC is found. The performance of the protocol under the influence of experimental imperfections is estimated by the numerical simulations with available parameters. The results demonstrate that the protocol is robust against systematic error, random noise and decoherence. Therefore, the protocol may be promising to implement fast and robust manipulation of W states in spin systems.
About the possibility of natural emergency risk management in mountain areas by thermal impact on the surface troposphere layer
Authors: Kholoptsev A V , Sedov D V , Shubkin R G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A pressing issue in managing the risks of wildfires in mountain regions of the world is improving the management of rainfall intensity over their territories. The relative humidity of the air in which precipitation should be initiated is an important factor in the effectiveness of such techniques. In mountains, forced convection on windward slopes has led to a significant increase in rainfall. At the same time, the humidity of the air entering the downwind slopes is reduced, thus increasing the fire risk on them. It has been hypothesized that it is possible to increase the humidity of the air entering the leeward slopes of the mountains by initiating thermal convection on their windward slopes. Its fairness is confirmed by the model of mountain mossiv with parameters corresponding to the southern slope of the Ai-Petra Yayla (Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains). The weather conditions characteristic of this area during the summer months were considered. The method of the study consisted in numerically solving complete nonlinear thermometer equations using Fire Dinamic Simulator (FDS) programs. It has been established that excitation of thermal convection on a local part of the windward slope of the mountains can cause a significant increase in the height of the dew point above the whole of this slope, which the advanced hypothesis confirms. The results show that it is possible to apply the methodology considered for the suppression of forest and other natural fires on leeward slopes of mountains.
Effect of low-frequency vibrations on the characteristics of the diffusion flame
Authors: Agafontsev M V , Reyno V V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the effect of low-amplitude acoustic oscillations on the temperature field in the flame formed during the combustion of kerosene gasoline. As a result of using the IRT-method, sets of thermograms of the combustion process were obtained. For the obtained thermograms, the distribution of high-temperature inhomogeneities in the flame plume was analyzed. As a result, it was obtained that the effect of acoustic oscillations on the flame plume causes a change in the height of the plume, a change in the combustion rate. When analyzing the spectra of temperature changes, characteristic pulsations, which are different, depending on the flame zone, were observed. Analysis of the distribution of temperature inhomogeneities under different modes of exposure to pressure pulsations, allowed to identify the characteristic modes in which there is a change in the geometric dimensions of the temperature inhomogeneity distribution zone.
Laboratory and Bench Methodology to Test Fire Suppressant Effectiveness in Aviation Method of Extinguishing of Forest Fires
Authors: Kopylov N P , Strizhak P A , Kopylov S N , Kuznetsov A E , Yu Sushkina E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Laboratory and bench tests for evaluation of fire retaining and fire extinguishing properties of agents used for fighting forest fires are described. The methodology gives not only a possibility to understand the effectiveness of the agents themselves but also to determine the characteristics of their discharge from an aircraft, in particular, the length and width of the wetted strip, the irrigation density and the flight altitude. Laboratory experiments confirm high fire retaining efficiency of aqueous solutions of magnesium halides and diammonium phosphate which cause significant delay in ignition time and substantial increase in ignition temperature for wood treated with these solutions. The efficiency of the halides significantly increases in the row MgCl2 < MgBr2 < MgI2. It was also shown by the experiments that the irrigation density by aqueous solutions necessary to extinguish grassroots and crown forest fires decreases when using Firex wetting agent and increases for bischofite and bentonite.
Declining winter heat loss threatens continuing ocean convection at a Mediterranean dense water formation site
Authors: Josey Simon A , Schroeder Katrin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A major change in winter sea surface heat loss between two key Mediterranean dense water formation sites, the North–West Mediterranean (NWMed) and the Aegean Sea, since 1950 is revealed using atmospheric reanalyses. The NWMed heat loss has weakened considerably (from −154 Wm−2 in 1951–1985 to −137 Wm−2 in 1986–2020) primarily because of reduced latent heat flux. This long-term weakening threatens continued dense water formation, and we show by evaluation of historical observations that winter-time ocean convection in the NWMed has declined by 40% from 1969 to 2018. Extension of the heat flux analysis reveals changes at other key dense water formation sites that favour an eastward shift in the locus of Mediterranean convection towards the Aegean Sea (where heat loss has remained unchanged at −172 Wm−2). The contrasting behaviour is due to differing time evolution of sea-air humidity and temperature gradients. These gradients have weakened in the NWMed due to more rapid warming of the air than the sea surface but remain near-constant in the Aegean. The different time evolution reflects the combined effects of global heating and atmospheric circulation changes which tend to offset heating in the Aegean but not the NWMed. The shift in heat loss has potentially significant consequences for dense water formation at these two sites and outflow to the Atlantic. Our observation of differential changes in heat loss has implications for temporal variations in the balance of convection elsewhere e.g. the Labrador-Irminger-Nordic Seas nexus of high latitude Atlantic dense water formation sites.
Changing climate sensitivity of secondary growth following extreme drought events in forest ecosystems: a global analysis
Authors: Leifsson Christopher , Buras Allan , Rammig Anja , Zang Christian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding tree-response to extreme drought events is imperative for maintaining forest ecosystem services under climate change. While tree-ring derived secondary growth measurements are often used to estimate direct and lagging drought impacts, so-called drought legacies, underlying physiological responses remain difficult to constrain across species and site conditions. As extreme droughts may alter the functioning of plants in terms of resource allocation being shifted towards repair and physiological adjustments, climate control on growth may consequently be altered until physiological recovery is completed. In this context, we here advance the concept of drought legacy effects by quantifying ‘functional legacies’ as climate sensitivity deviations (CSD) of secondary growth after droughts, i.e. temporary alterations of climate-growth relations. We quantified climate sensitivity deviations after extreme drought events by applying linear mixed-effects models to a global-scale, multi-species tree-ring dataset and differentiated responses by clades, site aridity and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs). We found that while direct secondary growth legacies were common across these groups, responses in post-drought climate sensitivity deviations were nuanced. Gymnosperms showed weaker coupling between secondary growth and the dominant climatic driver after droughts, a response that was narrowed down to gymnosperms with a small HSM, i.e. risky hydraulic strategy. In comparison, angiosperms instead showed stronger coupling between secondary growth and the dominant climatic driver following droughts, which was narrowed down to the angiosperms growing in arid sites. These results are consistent with current understanding of physiological impairment and carbon reallocation mechanisms, and the distinct functional responses suggest functional legacies quantified by climate sensitivity deviations is a promising avenue for detecting and thus studying physiological mechanisms underlying drought-responses in tree growth on large scales.
How many mutually unbiased bases are needed to detect bound entangled states?
Authors: Bae Joonwoo , Bera Anindita , Chruściński Dariusz , Hiesmayr Beatrix C , McNulty Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From a practical perspective it is advantageous to develop methods that verify entanglement in quantum states with as few measurements as possible. In this paper we investigate the minimal number of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) needed to detect bound entanglement in bipartite

(
d
×
d
)

-dimensional states, i.e. entangled states that are positive under partial transposition. In particular, we show that a class of entanglement witnesses (EWs) composed of MUBs can detect bound entanglement if the number of measurements is greater than

d

/

2
+
1

. This is a substantial improvement over other detection methods, requiring significantly fewer resources than either full quantum state tomography or measuring a complete set of d + 1 MUBs. Our approach is based on a partial characterisation of the (non-)decomposability of EWs. We show that non-decomposability is a universal property of MUBs, which holds regardless of the choice of complementary observables, and we find that both the number of measurements and the structure of the witness play an important role in the detection of bound entanglement.
Electrical discharge machining- a futuristic technique for surface engineering of biomedical alloys: a concise review
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Devgan Sandeep , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrical discharge machining(EDM) has proven effective in the processing of tough and complicated structural materials that are often challenging to manufacture or alter using traditional machining techniques. EDM represents a promising technique for the surface engineering of biomedical devices. In this article, electrical discharge machining is discussed for its high precision in surface modification as well as surface properties. According to previous studies on this non-traditional machining technique, optimizing critical EDM process variables such as pulse duration, voltage, current, polarity, dielectric fluid, and electrodes can yield adequate surface integrity and bioactive coating on alloys. As a result, the EDM process could be prospectively employed to examine issues including bioimplant manufacture and precision modeling.
Impact of crystalline defects in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers on the electrical characteristics and blocking capability of SiC power devices
Authors: Kodolitsch E , Sodan V , Krieger M , Weber Heiko B , Tsavdaris N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we report the impact of structural 4H-SiC epitaxial defects on the electrical characteristics and blocking capabilities of SiC power devices. The detection and classification of the various crystal defects existing in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and substrates was carried out with a commercial inspection tool using an optical microscope with a photoluminescence channel (PL). After the fabrication of dedicated test structures, devices that contain a single crystal defect were selected and electrically tested in reverse bias mode. Photon emission microscopy was performed to enable the localization of the leakage current spots within the devices. Thus, a direct correlation of the various crystal defects with the reduced blocking capability mechanism was made. This evaluation helps to set directions and build a strategy towards the reduction of critical defects in order to improve the performance of SiC devices for high power applications.
The 𝑊^{𝑠,𝑝}-boundedness of stationary wave operators for the Schrödinger operator with inverse-square potential
Authors: Miao Changxing , Su Xiaoyan , Zheng Jiqiang 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the

W

s
,
p

W^{s,p}

-boundedness for stationary wave operators of the Schrödinger operator with inverse-square potential

L

a

=
−
Δ
+

a

|

x

|

2

,

a
≥
−

(
d
−
2

)
2

4

,

\begin{equation*} \mathcal L_a=-\Delta +\tfrac {a}{|x|^2}, \quad a\geq -\tfrac {(d-2)^2}{4}, \end{equation*}

in dimension

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

. We construct the stationary wave operators in terms of integrals of Bessel functions and spherical harmonics, and prove that they are

W

s
,
p

W^{s,p}

-bounded for certain

p
p

and

s
s

which depend on

a
a

. As corollaries, we solve some open problems associated with the operator

L

a

\mathcal L_a

, which include the dispersive estimates and the local smoothing estimates in dimension

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

. We also generalize some known results such as the uniform Sobolev inequalities, the equivalence of Sobolev norms and the Mikhlin multiplier theorem, to a larger range of indices. These results are important in the description of linear and nonlinear dynamics for dispersive equations with inverse-square potential.
The lady’s ‘slippery’ orchid: functions of the floral trap and aphid mimicry in a hoverfly-pollinated Phragmipedium species in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso João C F , Johnson Steven D , Rezende Uiara C , Oliveira Paulo E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Trap flowers are fascinating cases of adaptation, often linked to oviposition-site mimicry systems. Some trap flowers do not imprison pollinators for a pre-determined period, but rather force them to move through a specific path, manipulating their movements in a way that culminates in pollen transfer, often as they leave through a secondary opening.

Methods
We investigated the previously unknown pollination system of the lady’s slipper orchid Phragmipedium vittatum and assessed the function of micro-morphological traits of its trap flowers.

Key Results
Our observations revealed that P. vittatum is pollinated by females of two hoverfly species (Syrphidae). Eggs laid by flies on or near raised black spots on the flowers indicate that the orchid mimics aphids which serve as food for their aphidophagous larvae. Dark, elevated aphid-like spots appear to attract the attention of hoverflies to a slipping zone. This region has downward projecting papillate cells and mucilage secretion that promote slipperiness, causing potential pollinators to fall into the labellum. They then follow a specific upward route towards inner aphid-like spots by holding onto upward oriented hairs that aid their grip. As hoverflies are funnelled by the lateral constriction of the labellum, they pass the stigma, depositing pollen they may be carrying. Later, they squeeze under one of the articulated anthers which places pollen smears onto their upper thorax. Then, they depart through one of the narrow lateral holes by holding onto hairs projecting from the petals.

Conclusions
This study confirms the system of aphid mimicry in Phragmipedium and highlights the sophisticated micro-morphological traits used by trap flowers in pollinator attraction, trapping, guidance and release, thus promoting precise pollen transfer.
Above and belowground traits impacting transpiration decline during soil drying in 48 maize (Zea mays) genotypes
Authors: Koehler Tina , Schaum Carolin , Tung Shu-Yin , Steiner Franziska , Tyborski Nicolas , Wild Andreas J , Akale Asegidew , Pausch Johanna , Lueders Tillmann , Wolfrum Sebastian , Mueller Carsten W , Vidal Alix , Vahl Wouter K , Groth Jennifer , Eder Barbara , Ahmed Mutez A , Carminati Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Stomatal regulation allows plants to promptly respond to water stress. However, our understanding of the impact of above and belowground hydraulic traits on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate how key plant hydraulic traits impact transpiration of maize during soil drying. We hypothesize that the stomatal response to soil drying is related to a loss in soil hydraulic conductivity at the root–soil interface, which in turn depends on plant hydraulic traits.

Methods
We investigate the response of 48 contrasting maize (Zea mays) genotypes to soil drying, utilizing a novel phenotyping facility. In this context, we measure the relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and transpiration, as well as root, rhizosphere and aboveground plant traits.

Key Results
Genotypes differed in their responsiveness to soil drying. The critical soil water potential at which plants started decreasing transpiration was related to a combination of above and belowground traits: genotypes with a higher maximum transpiration and plant hydraulic conductance as well as a smaller root and rhizosphere system closed stomata at less negative soil water potentials.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the importance of belowground hydraulics for stomatal regulation and hence drought responsiveness during soil drying. Furthermore, this finding supports the hypothesis that stomata start to close when soil hydraulic conductivity drops at the root–soil interface.
Transcriptomic analysis of testis and epididymis tissues from Banna mini-pig inbred line boars with single-molecule long-read sequencing
Authors: Wang Pei , Zhang Xia , Huo Hailong , Li Weizhen , Liu Zhipeng , Wang Lina , Li Luogang , Sun Yu H , Huo Jinlong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn mammals, testis and epididymis are critical components of the male reproductive system for androgen production, spermatogenesis, sperm transportation, as well as sperm maturation. Here, we report single-molecule real-time sequencing data from the testis and epididymis of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI), a promising laboratory animal for medical research. We obtained high-quality full-length transcriptomes and identified 9879 isoforms and 8761 isoforms in the BMI testis and epididymis, respectively. Most of the isoforms we identified have novel exon structures that will greatly improve the annotation of testis- and epididymis-expressed genes in pigs. We also found that 3055 genes (over 50%) were shared between BMI testis and epididymis, indicating widespread expression profiles of genes related to reproduction. We characterized extensive alternative splicing events in BMI testis and epididymis and showed that 96 testis-expressed genes and 79 epididymis-expressed genes have more than six isoforms, revealing the complexity of alternative splicing. We accurately defined the transcribed isoforms in BMI testis and epididymis by combining Pacific Biotechnology Isoform-sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq) and Illumina RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. The refined annotation of some key genes governing male reproduction will facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BMI male sterility. In addition, the high-confident identification of 548 and 669 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these two tissues has established a candidate gene set for future functional investigations. Overall, our study provides new insights into the role of the testis and epididymis during BMI reproduction, paving the path for further studies on BMI male infertility.
Quantitative proteomic analysis uncovers protein-expression profiles during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mice
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Mu Lu , Wang Haoran , Xu Xueqiang , Jia Longzhong , Niu Shudong , Wang Yibo , Wang Peike , Li Lingyu , Chai Junyi , Li Zhen , Zhang Yan , Zhang Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOvarian follicle is the basic functional unit of female reproduction, and is composed of oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. In mammals, folliculogenesis strictly rely on gonadotropin regulations to determine the ovulation and the quality of eggs. However, the dynamic changes of protein-expressing profiles in follicles at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. By performing mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse follicles, we provide a proteomic database (~3000 proteins) that covers three key stages of gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. By combining bioinformatics analysis with in situ expression validation, we showed that our proteomic data well reflected physiological changes during folliculogenesis, which provided potential to predict unknown regulators of folliculogenesis. Additionally, by using the oocyte structural protein zona pellucida protein 2 as the internal control, we showed the possibility of our database to predict the expression dynamics of oocyte-expressing proteins during folliculogenesis. Taken together, we provide a high-coverage proteomic database to study protein-expression dynamics during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mammals.