bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdependence and Cultural Resources to Mediate Change: What Was Missing in Engeström’s Third Generational Activity Theory
Authors: von Fircks Enno 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, I praise the benefits of organizational activity theory by means of an empirical example. I draw here on my work experience within a pharmacy. A client enters the pharmacy and demands medication for skin issues. The pharmacist wanting to prescribe a standard ointment refrains suddenly from this standard treatment while asking for the specific nature of the problem. The client lifting up his shirt lets him glimpse into his very intimate action field (body) which is the basis for an innovative solution – contacting a befriended dermatologist. The client entering the pharmacy is thus – equally – entering the complex interlocked action sphere of the pharmacist that can be made fertile for specific goals and purposes. Activity theory was able to decipher this complex human interaction while showing innovative solutions on the side of the pharmacy. It is thus doing justice to the complexity of dynamic people moving in time. Yet, activity theory lacks concrete cultural mechanisms of change. Here, I appeal interested readers not to create a new generation of organizational activity theory but to complement the third generation of it. I argue that interdependence and jointly negotiated cultural resources can mediate sustainable change within an organizational system. Interdependence of goals is important for the dermatologist to join the pharmacist in an alternative treatment while client and pharmacist need to negotiate the concrete details of exchanging contacts, sending photos of the skin issues and transferring contact details. I argue that these mechanisms should be the beginning of a research program that pays attention to cultural mechanisms that mediate change within organizational activity theory. The time is ripe.
Reconstruction and variability of tropical pollination networks in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Pereira Juliana , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Battiston Federico , Jordán Ferenc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLoss of biodiversity comprehends not only the extinction of individual species, but also the loss of the ecological interactions among them. Survival of species, continuation of ecosystem functioning in nature, and ecosystem services to humans depend on the maintenance of well-functioning networks of species interactions (e.g. plant–pollinator networks and food webs). Analyses of ecological networks often rely on biased and incomplete survey data, especially in species-rich areas, such as the tropics. We used a network inference method to reconstruct pollination data compiled from a large tropical rainforest habitat extent. To gain insight into the characteristics of plant–pollinator interactions across the region, we combined the reconstructed pollination network with species distribution modelling to obtain local pollination networks throughout the area. We explored how global network properties relate to natural forest cover and land cover heterogeneity. We found that some network properties (the sum and evenness of link weights, connectance and nestedness) are positively correlated with forest cover, indicating that networks in sites with more natural habitat have greater diversity of interactions. Modularity was not related to forest cover, but seemed to reflect habitat heterogeneity, due to the broad spatial scale of the study. We believe that the methodology suggested here can facilitate the use of incomplete network data in a reliable way and allow us to better understand and protect networks of species interactions in high biodiversity regions of the world.
Engineering Brain: Metaverse for future engineering
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Wang Jun , Wu Chenke , Xu Shuyuan , Ma Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a notable transformation in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, with efforts made both in the academia and industry to facilitate improvement of efficiency, safety and sustainability in civil projects. Such advances have greatly contributed to a higher level of automation in the lifecycle management of civil assets within a digitalised environment. To integrate all the achievements delivered so far and further step up their progress, this study proposes a novel theory, Engineering Brain, by effectively adopting the Metaverse concept in the field of civil engineering. Specifically, the evolution of the Metaverse and its key supporting technologies are first reviewed; then, the Engineering Brain theory is presented, including its theoretical background, key components and their inter-connections. Outlooks of this theory’s implementation within the AEC sector are offered, as a description of the Metaverse of future engineering. Through a comparison between the proposed Engineering Brain theory and the Metaverse, their relationships are illustrated; and how Engineering Brain may function as the Metaverse for future engineering is further explored. Providing an innovative insight into the future engineering sector, this study can potentially guide the entire industry towards its new era based on the Metaverse environment.
Fusion of thermal and RGB images for automated deep learning based crack detection in civil infrastructure
Authors: Alexander Quincy G. , Hoskere Vedhus , Narazaki Yasutaka , Maxwell Andrew , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch has been continually growing toward the development of image-based structural health monitoring tools that can leverage deep learning models to automate damage detection in civil infrastructure. However, these tools are typically based on RGB images, which work well under ideal lighting conditions, but often have degrading performance in poor and low-light scenes. On the other hand, thermal images, while lacking in crispness of details, do not show the same degradation of performance in changing lighting conditions. The potential to enhance automated damage detection by fusing RGB and thermal images together within a deep learning network has yet to be explored. In this paper, RGB and thermal images are fused in a ResNET-based semantic segmentation model for vision-based inspections. A convolutional neural network is then employed to automatically identify damage defects in concrete. The model uses a thermal and RGB encoder to combine the features detected from both spectrums to improve its performance of the model, and a single decoder to predict the classes. The results suggest that this RGB-thermal fusion network outperforms the RGB-only network in the detection of cracks using the Intersection Over Union (IOU) performance metric. The RGB-thermal fusion model not only detected damage at a higher performance rate, but it also performed much better in differentiating the types of damage.
The Magic of Ad Hoc Solutions
Authors: SMID JEROEN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen a theory is confronted with a problem such as a paradox, an empirical anomaly, or a vicious regress, one may change part of the theory to solve that problem. Sometimes the proposed solution is considered ad hoc. This paper gives a new definition of ‘ad hoc solution’ as used in both philosophy and science. I argue that a solution is ad hoc if it fails to live up to the explanatory requirements of a theory because the solution is not backed by an explanation or because it does not diagnose the problem. Ad hoc solutions are thus magical: they solve a problem without providing insight. This definition helps to explain both why ad hoc solutions are bad and why there may be disagreement about cases.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections occurring in healthcare workers after booster vaccination: A comparison of delta versus omicron variants
Authors: Reeves Kimberly D. , Polk Christopher M. , Cox Laura A. , Fairman Robert T. , Hawkins Gregory A. , Passaretti Catherine L. , Sampson Mindy M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we used genomic sequencing to identify variants of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after receiving a booster vaccination. We compared symptoms, comorbidities, exposure risks, and vaccine history between the variants. Postbooster COVID-19 cases increased as the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant predominated.
The Appointment of Women to Authoritarian Cabinets in Africa
Authors: Kroeger Alex , Kang Alice J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat explains variation in the inclusion of women in authoritarian cabinets? We theorize that leaders of electoral autocracies are affected by changing international norms of democracy and women's rights to appoint women ministers. We propose two hypotheses. First, increasing dependence on aid from democratic donors encourages leaders of electoral autocracies to appoint more women ministers. Second, electoral autocrats uprooting democratic traits appoint more women ministers to minimize the reputational costs of their autocratization. Using data from authoritarian regimes in 38 African countries between 1973 and 2013, we find that increases in aid from democracies are associated with modest increases in women's share of cabinet seats. As our theory suggests, this relationship holds only in electoral autocracies in more recent years when norms of gender equality have been strongest. Conversely, we find no evidence that autocratization periods are associated with increases in women's cabinet share. Additionally, we show that supply-side factors and the politics of multi-ethnic coalition building appear to explain differences in women's cabinet seat share in autocracies.
Trends in Clostridioides difficile infection rates in Canadian hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Choi Kelly B. , Du Tim , Silva Anada , Golding George R. , Pelude Linda , Mitchell Robyn , Rudnick Wallis , Hizon Romeo , Al-Rawahi Ghada N , Chow Blanda , Davis Ian , Evans Gerald A. , Frenette Charles , Johnstone Jennie , Kibsey Pamela , Katz Kevin C. , Langley Joanne M. , Lee Bonita E. , Longtin Yves , Mertz Dominik , Minion Jessica , Science Michelle , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Stagg Paula , Suh Kathryn N. , Thampi Nisha , Wong Alice , Comeau Jeannette L. , Hota Susy S. ,   for the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP)
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed significant burden on healthcare systems. We compared Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) epidemiology before and during the pandemic across 71 hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Using an interrupted time series analysis, we showed that CDI rates significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dietary sodium sources according to four 3-d weighed food records and their association with multiple 24-h urinary excretions among middle-aged and elderly Japanese participants in rural areas
Authors: Ogawa Fuyuka , Takachi Ribeka , Ishihara Junko , Yamagishi Marina , Maruya Sachiko , Ishii Yuri , Kito Kumiko , Nakamura Kazutoshi , Tanaka Junta , Yamaji Taiki , Iso Hiroyasu , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie ,   for the JPHC-NEXT Protocol Validation Study Group
Published: August 2022

AbstractReducing Na intake is an urgent global challenge, especially in East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions. However, the sources of Na and their effects on urinary Na excretion have not been fully studied. We sought to clarify these sources and their association with urinary Na excretion. We examined four 3-d weighed food records and five 24-h urinary collections from each of 253 participants in Japan, aged 35–80 years, between 2012 and 2013. We compared the levels of Na according to four categories: foods contributing to discretionary or non-discretionary Na intake, the situation in which dishes were cooked and consumed, food groups and types of cuisine. We also conducted regression analysis in which 24-h urinary Na excretion was a dependent variable and the amounts of food intake in the four categories were independent variables. Levels of Na were the highest in discretionary intake (60·6 %) and in home-prepared dishes (84·0 %). Of the food groups, miso soup showed the highest percentage contribution to Na intake (13·3 %) after seasonings such as soya sauce. In the regression analysis, the standardised coefficient for foods of non-discretionary Na sources was larger than that for discretionary sources, whereas that for home-prepared dishes was consistent with the levels of Na in those foods. Pickled products, followed by fresh fish and shellfish, miso soup and rice, were associated with high urinary Na excretion. Thus, discretionary foods (such as miso soup) contribute the most to Na consumption, although non-discretionary intake (such as pickled vegetables) may influence urinary Na excretion.
Co-Designing Together through Crisis: Development of a Virtual Care Guidance Document to Support Providers, Older Adults, and Caregivers
Authors: Glover Jody , Elliott Jacobi , McIntyre Muddle Kelly ,   the South West Frail Senior Strategy Regional Patient and Family Caregiver Advisory Group
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has had a disproportionate and devastating impact on older adults. As health care resources suddenly shifted to emergency response planning, many health and community support services were cancelled, postponed, or shifted to virtual care. This rapid transformation of geriatric care resulted in an immediate need for practical guidance on decision making, planning and delivery of virtual care for older adults and caregivers. This article outlines the rapid co-design process that supported the development of a guidance document intended to support health and community support services providers. Data were collected through consultation sessions, surveys, and a rapid literature review, and analyzed using appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods. Although this work took place within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting resources and lessons learned related to collective impact, co-design, population-based planning, and digital technologies can be applied more broadly.
Associations between variety of fruits and vegetables consumed, diet quality and socio-demographic factors among 8th and 11th grade adolescents in Texas
Authors: Marshall Allison N , Ranjit Nalini , van den Berg Alexandra , Gill Montana , Hoelscher Deanna M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine demographic and dietary correlates of consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables (FV) among Texas adolescents. Different types of FV are needed for adequate dietary intake of vitamins and phytochemicals for proper development and functioning throughout the lifespan.Design:Cross-sectional analysis from the Texas Surveillance of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Texas SPAN) data comparing consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables by gender, race/ethnicity and region (Texas-Mexico border/non-border).Setting:Middle, high schools in Texas.Participants:8th, 11th grade Texas adolescents (n 9056 representing n 659 288) mean age 14·8 years.Results:Within this sample, mean fruit and vegetable variety scores (0–7) ranged from 2·47 to 2·65. Boys consumed a significantly greater variety of fruit than girls (mean = 1·12 compared with 1·04). Adolescents in non-border regions consumed a greater variety of vegetables and FV compared with those in border regions. FV variety was associated with healthier eating in the full sample, particularly in the highest socio-economic status (SES) tertile. Within the highest SES tertile, a one-unit increase in variety of fruit, vegetable and FV was associated with significant increases (P < 0·001) in a healthy eating measure, the SPAN Healthy Eating Index: Fruit variety (β = 1·33, se = 0·29), vegetable variety (β = 0·90, se = 0·28) and FV variety (β = 0·81, se = 0·19).Conclusions:Consumption of a greater variety of FV appears to be associated with a healthier overall diet. Associations of FV variety with healthy eating were most significant in the highest SES tertile. These findings support the need to further examine consuming a variety of FV within healthy eating behaviour.
Evaluating the Tsunamigenic Potential of Buried Versus Trench‐Breaching Megathrust Slip
Authors: Carvajal Matías , Sun Tianhaozhe , Wang Kelin , Luo Haipeng , Zhu Yijie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubduction megathrust ruptures that breach the trench, such as in the 2011 M = 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, can be very tsunamigenic. However, whether buried ruptures are intrinsically less tsunamigenic has not been fully investigated. Here, we conduct this investigation by studying the mechanics of seafloor deformation and the resultant tsunami runup. With a trench‐breaching rupture, deformation is dominated by the rigid‐body translation of the frontal upper plate, and seafloor uplift is enhanced by the horizontal motion of the sloping seafloor. With a buried rupture, the rigid‐body motion is reduced, but the shortening of the upper plate due to seaward slip termination causes elastic thickening to enhance tsunamigenic seafloor uplift. By combining a finite‐element deformation model and a shallow‐water equation tsunami model, we systematically test various subduction zone geometrical and slip parameters to study the trade‐off between rigid‐body translation and elastic thickening in causing seafloor uplift and tsunami runup. To isolate the effect of slip depth, we compare scenarios with the same peak slip and rupture width. We find that very shallow ruptures, including those breaching the trench, are generally less tsunamigenic than deeper ruptures. Given peak slip, tsunamigenic potential is maximized if the rupture is not too shallow or too deep but is buried to moderate depths. Our model tests using variable hypothetical rupture depths suggest that, with a slip magnitude as large as in the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, tsunami runups as high as the observed would occur even if the rupture were fully buried.
Update on the Temperature Corrections of Global Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates
Authors: Dong Yuanxu , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Bell Thomas G. , Huang Boyin , Landschützer Peter , Liss Peter S. , Yang Mingxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe oceans are a major carbon sink. Sea surface temperature (SST) is a crucial variable in the calculation of the air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from surface observations. Any bias in the SST or any upper ocean vertical temperature gradient (e.g., the cool skin effect) potentially generates a bias in the CO2 flux estimates. A recent study suggested a substantial increase (∼50% or ∼0.9 Pg C yr−1) in the global ocean CO2 uptake due to this temperature effect. Here, we use a gold standard buoy SST data set as the reference to assess the accuracy of insitu SST used for flux calculation. A physical model is then used to estimate the cool skin effect, which varies with latitude. The bias‐corrected SST (assessed by buoy SST) coupled with the physics‐based cool skin correction increases the average ocean CO2 uptake by ∼35% (0.6 Pg C yr−1) from 1982 to 2020, which is substantially smaller than the previous correction. After these temperature considerations, we estimate an average net ocean CO2 uptake of 2.2 ± 0.4 Pg C yr−1 from 1994 to 2007 based on an ensemble of surface observation‐based flux estimates, in line with the independent interior ocean carbon storage estimate corrected for the river induced natural outgassing flux (2.1 ± 0.4 Pg C yr−1).
Saturn Anomalous Myriametric Radiation, a New Type of Saturn Radio Emission Revealed by Cassini
Authors: Wu S. Y. , Ye S. Y. , Fischer G. , Taubenschuss U. , Jackman C. M. , O'Dwyer E. , Kurth W. S. , Yao S. , Yao Z. H. , Menietti J. D. , Xu Y. , Long M. Y. , Cecconi B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new radio component namely Saturn Anomalous Myriametric Radiation (SAM) is reported. A total of 193 SAM events have been identified by using all the Cassini Saturn orbital data. SAM emissions are L‐O mode radio emission and occasionally accompanied by a first harmonic in R‐X mode. SAM's intensities decrease with increasing distance from Saturn, suggesting a source near Saturn. SAM has a typical central frequency near 13 kHz, a bandwidth greater than 8 kHz and usually drifts in frequency over time. SAM's duration can extend to near 11 hr and even longer. These features distinguish SAM from the regular narrowband emissions observed in the nearby frequency range, hence the name anomalous. The high occurrence rate of SAM after low frequency extensions of Saturn Kilometric Radiation and the SAM cases observed during compressions of Saturn's magnetosphere suggest a special connection to solar wind dynamics and magnetospheric conditions at Saturn.
Micromagnetic Modes of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility in Natural Magnetite Particles
Authors: Nikolaisen Even S. , Fabian Karl , Harrison Richard , McEnroe Suzanne A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is commonly used to assess sedimentation, deformation, tectonics, rock fabric, and texture. Using focused‐ion beam nanotomography, we develop a micromagnetic method to investigate the AMS of individual magnetite inclusions in silicates across the transition between single‐domain (SD) to multidomain behavior. We calculate individual AMS tensors by modeling the magnetization response of a particle to weak applied fields in three orthogonal directions. The main AMS mode of elongated SD particles is not a homogeneous magnetization rotation, but focused alignment of spins at their edges and tips. In single‐vortex particles, vortex displacement is the dominant AMS mode, which focuses the largest magnetization changes in a planar region containing the vortex core, and perpendicular to the direction of vortex motion. In multi‐vortex structures a combined motion of all vortex centers can lead to high degrees of anisotropy when some motion patterns are energetically much easier to achieve than others.
Impacts of Simulated Contrail Processing and Organic Content Change on the Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles
Authors: Gao Kunfeng , Kanji Zamin A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoot particles may undergo cloud‐processing during atmospheric transport after which the particle porosity and surface wettability can be modified. Soot particles therefore show varying ice nucleation (IN) abilities via the pore condensation and freezing (PCF) mechanism, leading to poorly constrained effects on cirrus formation and climate. This study simulates a typical cloud‐processing condition (at 228 K) for size‐selected (200 and 400 nm) aviation soot proxies with different organic contents. Based on the particle size, mass and morphology changes, as well as the findings from parallel studies on similar soot samples, we demonstrate that cloud‐processing increases the particle compactness and water‐interaction ability. However, the pore availability change resulting from above property changes dominates the IN ability of cloud‐processed particles via PCF. Even originally organic‐rich and hydrophobic soot particles can nucleate ice via PCF if suitable pores can be generated after organic removal and cloud‐processing.