bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collisional evolution of the trans-Neptunian region in an early dynamical instability scenario
Authors: Benavidez Paula G , Campo Bagatin Adriano , Curry Jacob , Álvarez-Candal Álvaro , Vincent Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Any early or late dynamical instability in the outer Solar system should have left their footprint on the trans-Neptunian object (TNO) populations. Here, we study the collisional and dynamical evolution of such populations numerically by an updated version of ALICANDEP, which suitably takes into account the onset of an early dynamical instability. Key parameters for collisional and dynamical evolution are chosen to match results with current observables. The new model (ALICANDEP-22) considers an original region located between 22 and 30 au, containing 20–30 M⊕ from which bodies are either dynamically ejected from the region or implanted into the current plutinos and hot classical trans-Neptunian belt. An in situ population of objects is also present since the beginning, corresponding to the current cold-classical population. Collisional and dynamical evolution is allowed starting from initial conditions accounting for streaming instability models and observational constraints. ALICANDEP-22 successfully reproduces observational constraints as well as the shape of the size-frequency distribution expected for the Trojan population. The model concludes that Arrokoth is likely a primordial body but cannot be conclusive on the origin of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The current presence of bodies larger than Pluto in the outer TNO population – waiting to be discovered – is compatible with the initial distributions that allow the model to match current constraints.
Three-dimensional simulation of a core-collapse supernova for a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A
Authors: Nakamura Ko , Takiwaki Tomoya , Kotake Kei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from a self-consistent, non-rotating core-collapse supernova simulation in three spatial dimensions using a binary evolution progenitor model of SN 1987A. This $18.3\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ progenitor model is evolved from a slow merger of 14 and $9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ stars, and it satisfies most of the observational constraints such as red-to-blue evolution, lifetime, total mass, and position in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at collapse, and chemical anomalies. Our simulation is initiated from a spherically symmetric collapse and mapped to the three-dimensional coordinates at 10 ms after bounce to follow the non-spherical hydrodynamics evolution. We obtain the neutrino-driven shock revival for this progenitor at ∼350 ms after bounce, leading to the formation of a newly born neutron star with average gravitational mass ${\sim} 1.35\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and spin period ∼0.1 s. We also discuss the detectability of gravitational wave and neutrino signals for a Galactic event with the same characteristics as SN 1987A. At our final simulation time (∼660 ms post-bounce), the diagnostic explosion energy, though still growing, is smaller (0.14 foe) compared to the observed value (1.5 foe). The 56Ni mass obtained from the simulation ($0.01\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) is also smaller than the reported mass from SN 1987A ($0.07\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). Long-term simulation including several missing physical ingredients in our three-dimensional models such as rotation, magnetic fields, or more elaborate neutrino opacities should be done to bridge the gap between the theoretical predictions and the observed values.
merlin, an improved framework for the reconstruction of high-quality genome-scale metabolic models
Authors: Capela João , Lagoa Davide , Rodrigues Ruben , Cunha Emanuel , Cruz Fernando , Barbosa Ana , Bastos José , Lima Diogo , Ferreira Eugénio C , Rocha Miguel , Dias Oscar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenome-scale metabolic models have been recognised as useful tools for better understanding living organisms’ metabolism. merlin (https://www.merlin-sysbio.org/) is an open-source and user-friendly resource that hastens the models’ reconstruction process, conjugating manual and automatic procedures, while leveraging the user's expertise with a curation-oriented graphical interface. An updated and redesigned version of merlin is herein presented. Since 2015, several features have been implemented in merlin, along with deep changes in the software architecture, operational flow, and graphical interface. The current version (4.0) includes the implementation of novel algorithms and third-party tools for genome functional annotation, draft assembly, model refinement, and curation. Such updates increased the user base, resulting in multiple published works, including genome metabolic (re-)annotations and model reconstructions of multiple (lower and higher) eukaryotes and prokaryotes. merlin version 4.0 is the only tool able to perform template based and de novo draft reconstructions, while achieving competitive performance compared to state-of-the art tools both for well and less-studied organisms.
LTBK-05. Outcomes of Infants and Young Children with Newly Diagnosed Localized (M0) SHH Medulloblastoma Treated on The NEXT Consortium “Head Start” 4 Protocol
Authors: Dhall Girish , Stanek Joseph , Blue Megan , Patel Parth , Thomas Diana , Pierson Christopher , Tamrazi Benita , Mahadeo Kris M , Fleming Jessica , Bell Erica , Miller Katherine , Grischow Olivia , Liszkay Thomas , Coven Scott , Hastings Caroline , Tsui Karen , Mazewski Claire , Friedman Gregory , Moertel Christopher , Hanson Derek , Koschmann Carl , Brock Guy , Wong Kenneth , Chakravarti Arnab , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Nelson Marvin N , Boue Daniel , Biegel Jaclyn , Mardis Elaine , Finlay Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Advances in RNA and DNA profiling have identified four core molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma of prognostic significance: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subtype, WNT subtype, Group 3, and Group 4. Infants and young children with SHH medulloblastoma have demonstrated a favorable outcome in clinical trials utilizing either high-dose chemotherapy (“Head Start”) or a combination of intravenous and intraventricular methotrexate (HIT-SKK). Two recently conducted clinical trials (COG ACNS1221 and St. Jude – SJYC07) failed to demonstrate similar survival advantage with conventional dose chemotherapy and without intraventricular methotrexate. “Head Start” 4 (HS 4) is a prospective randomized clinical trial that tailors treatment based on medulloblastoma molecular subgroups and response to induction chemotherapy to compare the efficacy of one versus versus three (tandem) cycles of myeloablative therapy. Eligibility includes newly diagnosed children less than six years of age with localized medulloblastoma. Eligible patients with SHH medulloblastoma were considered “low-risk” and non-randomly assigned to receive three cycles of induction chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and high-dose methotrexate) followed by consolidation with single cycle of myeloablative chemotherapy (thiotepa, carboplatin, etoposide) and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue. Patients with less than a complete response after three induction cycles received two additional cycles prior to consolidation therapy. Only children between 6 -10 years old, or those with confirmed residual tumor post-consolidation, were meant to receive irradiation after consolidation. Twenty-eight children with localized SHH medulloblastoma were enrolled on the trial with a median age of 2.1 years (range: 0.3-5.9 years). Median follow-up for this cohort is 29.6 months (range: 7.0-58.6 months). The estimated 3-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) is 96% (CI: 89-100%) and 100%, respectively. The estimated 3-year EFS for SHH subtype 1 and 2 patients is 100% and 95%, respectively (p=0.65). None of the M0 SHH medulloblastoma patients received irradiation.
Parliamentary Influence on Brexit Legislation, 2017–2019
Authors: Fleming Thomas G , James Lisa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The UK parliament’s role in the Brexit process has been closely scrutinised and fiercely contested. Despite this, we still have relatively little systematic evidence about parliament’s role in shaping Brexit legislation. This article therefore analyses the extent and nature of parliamentary influence on Brexit-related legislation between 2017 and 2019. Using new data on the legislative passage of 13 different bills, including over 3000 proposed amendments, we measure the prominence of three different kinds of parliamentary influence, and compare this to findings from earlier periods. We show that some Brexit bills had a fairly typical parliamentary experience, with very few successful non-government amendments but numerous government concessions. However, a dramatic change from earlier periods was the large number of Brexit-related bills that were simply paused once the government encountered parliamentary difficulties. Parliament’s influence over Brexit legislation in this period therefore showed elements of both continuity and change. This finding contributes to our understanding of the Brexit process, and of parliament’s role in recent British politics.
Unstable vacuum and fermion total reflection by the Klein step
Authors: Nakazato Hiromichi , Ochiai Makoto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The so-called Klein tunneling is re-examined within the framework of quantum field theory, but from a different point of view on the asymptotic states. We treat it as a one-dimensional scattering process of a fermion incident to a step potential and introduce asymptotic operators as appropriate t = ±∞ limits of the field operator responsible for the process. For the so-called Klein energy range, two asymptotic vacua naturally emerge which are defined as states annihilated by the asymptotic annihilation operators. They are related by a similarity transformation, which entails an unstable vacuum. When a fermion with incident energy in the Klein region is injected to the step, it is shown to be reflected with probability one, accompanied by fermion–anti-fermion pairs that are vacuum decay products.
The Rise of Finance Companies and FinTech Lenders in Small Business Lending
Authors: Gopal Manasa , Schnabl Philipp 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We document that finance companies and FinTech lenders increased lending to small businesses after the 2008 financial crisis. We show that most of the increase substituted for a reduction in bank lending. In counties in which banks had a larger market share before the crisis, finance companies and FinTech lenders increased their lending more. We find no effect of reduced bank lending on employment, wages, and new business creation by 2016. Our results suggest that finance companies and FinTech lenders are major suppliers of credit to small businesses and played an important role in the recovery from the 2008 financial crisis.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
The Effect of Stock Liquidity on the Firm’s Investment and Production
Authors: Amihud Yakov , Levi Shai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose that stock market liquidity affects corporate investment and production. Illiquidity, which raises firms’ cost of capital, lowers investment in capital assets, R&D, and inventory. This effect holds after we control for endogeneity using exogenous liquidity events, the 2001 decimalization, and the 1997 Nasdaq reform and after employing instrumental variable estimation. Illiquidity affects investment regardless of firms’ financial constraints. Consequently, illiquidity induces firms to adopt less capital-intensive production processes. Illiquid firms have higher marginal productivity of capital, greater labor input increases for given increases in assets, and lower operating leverage, which means lower reliance on fixed costs.
The Effects of Capital Requirements on Good and Bad Risk-Taking
Authors: Pancost N Aaron , Robatto Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study capital requirement regulation in a dynamic quantitative model in which nonfinancial firms, as well as households, hold deposits. A novel general equilibrium channel that operates through firms deposits mitigates the cost of increasing capital requirements. In the calibrated model, (a) the optimal capital requirement is 7.3 percentage points higher than in a comparable model in which all the deposits are held by households, and (b) setting the capital requirement higher than the true optimum is not as costly as one would gauge from the comparable model. We also provide some independent evidence that supports our novel channel.
The Use of Noninvasive Multimodal Neuromonitoring in Adult Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Battaglini Denise , Premraj Lavienraj , Huth Samuel , Fanning Jonathon , Whitman Glenn , Arora Rakesh C. , Bellapart Judith , Bastos Porto Diego , Taccone Fabio S. , Suen Jacky Y. , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Fraser John F. , Cho Sung-Min , Robba Chiara 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Noninvasive neuromonitoring could be a valuable option for bedside assessment of cerebral dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). This systematic review aims to investigate the use of noninvasive multimodal neuromonitoring in critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies investigating noninvasive neuromonitoring in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICUs. The monitoring included transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), the Brain4care Corp. cerebral compliance monitor (B4C), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), near infrared spectroscopy, automated pupillometry, and electroencephalography (EEG).

Results:
Thirty-two studies that investigated noninvasive neuromonitoring techniques in patients with COVID-19 in the ICU were identified from a systematic search of 7001 articles: 1 study investigating TCD, ONSD and pupillometry; 2 studies investigating the B4C device and TCD; 3 studies investigating near infrared spectroscopy and TCD; 4 studies investigating TCD; 1 case series investigating pupillometry, and 21 studies investigating EEG. One hundred and nineteen patients underwent TCD monitoring, 47 pupillometry, 49 ONSD assessment, 50 compliance monitoring with the B4C device, and 900 EEG monitoring. Alterations in cerebral hemodynamics, brain compliance, brain oxygenation, pupillary response, and brain electrophysiological activity were common in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU; these abnormalities were not clearly associated with worse outcome or the development of new neurological complications.

Conclusions:
The use of noninvasive multimodal neuromonitoring in critically ill COVID-19 patients could be considered to facilitate the detection of neurological derangements. Determining whether such findings allow earlier detection of neurological complications or guide appropriate therapy requires additional studies.
Accuracy of Surgeon Self-Reflection on Hysterectomy Quality Metrics
Authors: Milman Tal , Murji Ally , Matelski John , Shirreff Lindsay 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the accuracy of gynecologic surgeons' self-reflection across hysterectomy case volume, proportion of cases performed using a minimally invasive approach (minimally invasive rate), and complication rate and to assess whether accuracy is associated with specific surgeon or practice characteristics.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional cohort study of gynecologic surgeons at eight Canadian hospitals between 2016 and 2019. Surgeons estimated case volume, minimally invasive rate, and complication rate for hysterectomies for a 6-month period using an online survey. Kendall's tau-beta correlation coefficient (τ) measured association between estimated and actual performance. Differences (delta) between each surgeon's estimated and actual performance were calculated. The central tendency of differences among the cohort was represented by a median (median delta) and compared with 0 (perfect accuracy) using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Differences in characteristics between surgeons classified as underestimators, accurate estimators, and overestimators by tertile of delta were evaluated using analysis of variance and χ2 tests.

RESULTS:
Eighty-four surgeons across eight hospitals were included. Association between estimated and actual performance was moderate for case volume (τ=0.46, P<.001) and minimally invasive rate (τ=0.52, P<.001) and weak for complication rate (τ=0.14, P=.080). Surgeons underestimated their complication rate (median delta −7.0%, 95% CI −11.0% to −3.5%, P<.001) but accurately estimated case volume (median delta 1.0, 95% CI 0.0–2.5, P=.082) and minimally invasive rate (median delta 4.0%, 95% CI −4.5% to 10.0%, P=.337). Surgeons who underestimated their complication rates had higher average complication rates (33.7%) than those who estimated accurately (12.1%, P<.001) or overestimated (7.7%, P<.001) and were more likely to be fellowship-trained (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Attending gynecologic surgeons inaccurately reflect on their complication rates, and those who most underestimate their complication rates have higher rates than their peers.
The Acoustic Change Complex Compared to Hearing Performance in Unilaterally and Bilaterally Deaf Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: van Heteren Jan A. A. , Vonck Bernard M. D. , Stokroos Robert J. , Versnel Huib , Lammers Marc J. W. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Clinical measures evaluating hearing performance in cochlear implant (CI) users depend on attention and linguistic skills, which limits the evaluation of auditory perception in some patients. The acoustic change complex (ACC), a cortical auditory evoked potential to a sound change, might yield useful objective measures to assess hearing performance and could provide insight in cortical auditory processing. The aim of this study is to examine the ACC in response to frequency changes as an objective measure for hearing performance in CI users.

Design:
Thirteen bilaterally deaf and six single-sided deaf subjects were included, all having used a unilateral CI for at least 1 year. Speech perception was tested with a consonant-vowel-consonant test (+10 dB signal-to-noise ratio) and a digits-in-noise test. Frequency discrimination thresholds were measured at two reference frequencies, using a 3-interval, 2-alternative forced-choice, adaptive staircase procedure. The two reference frequencies were selected using each participant’s frequency allocation table and were centered in the frequency band of an electrode that included 500 or 2000 Hz, corresponding to the apical electrode or the middle electrode, respectively. The ACC was evoked with pure tones of the same two reference frequencies with varying frequency increases: within the frequency band of the middle or the apical electrode (+0.25 electrode step), and steps to the center frequency of the first (+1), second (+2), and third (+3) adjacent electrodes.

Results:
Reproducible ACCs were recorded in 17 out of 19 subjects. Most successful recordings were obtained with the largest frequency change (+3 electrode step). Larger frequency changes resulted in shorter N1 latencies and larger N1-P2 amplitudes. In both unilaterally and bilaterally deaf subjects, the N1 latency and N1-P2 amplitude of the CI ears correlated to speech perception as well as frequency discrimination, that is, short latencies and large amplitudes were indicative of better speech perception and better frequency discrimination. No significant differences in ACC latencies or amplitudes were found between the CI ears of the unilaterally and bilaterally deaf subjects, but the CI ears of the unilaterally deaf subjects showed substantially longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than their contralateral normal-hearing ears.

Conclusions:
The ACC latency and amplitude evoked by tone frequency changes correlate well to frequency discrimination and speech perception capabilities of CI users. For patients unable to reliably perform behavioral tasks, the ACC could be of added value in assessing hearing performance.
History of Prior Lumbar Surgery Does Not Impact Mental Health Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Geoghegan Cara E. , Jadczak Caroline N. , Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Lynch Conor P. , Mohan Shruthi , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of undergoing a prior lumbar procedure on mental health outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Summary of Background Data:
Revision and reoperations are perceived as risk factors for worse mental health outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a surgical database was performed for cervical and lumbar procedures. The mental health measures used were: Short Form 12-Item Mental Composite Score (SF-12 MCS) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes of interest were Visual Analogue Scale for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index, and Short Form 12-Item Physical Composite Score (SF-12 PCS). All outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using established values. Patients were grouped based on the surgical history of an elective lumbar spine procedure and propensity-matched. Differences in postoperative outcome scores and MCID achievement were evaluated using linear and logistic regression respectively.

Results:
A total of 74 patients were included in this study. Mental health outcomes did not demonstrate significant differences between groups for SF-12 MCS and PHQ-9 for all time points except at 6 weeks for PHQ-9 (P=0.038). MCID achievement was not significantly impacted by surgical history for all outcome measures at all postoperative time points (all P>0.050). The majority of patients achieved an MCID by the 1-year time point for all outcomes for patients without a prior lumbar surgery except for Visual Analogue Scale arm and SF-12 PCS, while those with a surgical history achieved an MCID for all outcomes except SF-12 PCS and PHQ-9.

Conclusions:
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion patients with a past history of lumbar surgery demonstrated significant improvements in depression, neck and arm pain, disability, and physical function as those without a past lumbar surgical history. Prior surgery also did not impact MCID achievement for all outcomes.