bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-coated microencapsulation of honeybee endogenous probiotics as a new strategy for the biocontrol of the American foulbrood disease
Authors: Mahmoud Fatma , Essa Eman E. , Farag Rasha M. A. , El Shafei Akila M. , zeid Ahmed S. Abou , Sayed Hayam A. E. , Ma’moun Shireen A. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
American foulbrood (AFB) is one of the potent and highly contagious bacterial diseases affecting honeybees of Apis mellifera and A. cerana species. Paenibacillus larvae larvae (P. l. larvae) is the causative agent of AFB. The present study evaluated a novel technique to control AFB disease, in vitro, depending on double-coated microencapsulated probiotics. Microencapsulation was performed for the preservation of five different locally isolated, honeybee endogenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus plantarum MK780211, L. plantarum MK780215, L. kunkeei MK780216, L. kunkeei MK780218 and Lactobacillus sp. MK780212).

Results
Extrusion technique was used to encapsulate each strain separately in alginate beads coated with resistant starch (Hi-maize) and chitosan. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by testing the cell viability after encapsulation process, and it was ranging between 93.1 and 95.5%. The antimicrobial activity of both free and encapsulated LABs against P. l. larvae was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The encapsulation process decreased the activity of all the tested probiotics to some extent, except Lactobacillus sp. MK780212 which caused complete inhibition for P. l. larvae with good shelf-life expectancy time, for a month, compared to its free cells. The effect of whole capsule and its components was evaluated to ensure the activity of the tested probiotics.

Conclusion
The laboratory-controlled experiments revealed that the microencapsulation process with double coating can be used with some probiotics efficiently without affecting their activity.
Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses
Authors: Hong Junkee , Lee Tae-Kyeong , Kim In Hye , Lee Seungah , Jeon Byung-Ju , Lee Jiwon , Won Moo-Ho , Kim Sungsu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. extract (EAPE)) containing scutellarin and chlorogenic acid as major components has been reported to relieve mental stress in human subjects, which is reflected in improved scores in psychometric tests measuring levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-stress activity of Fameyes and to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-stress activity using in vitro and in vivo models of stresses.

Results
First, we tested the effect of Fameyes on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells (human neurofibroma cell lines). Corticosterone induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but treatment with Fameyes inhibited these cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. However, CMRE and EAPE (components of Fameyes) did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of corticosterone individually. Next, we tested the effects of Fameyes on rats that were exposed to different kinds of stresses for four weeks. When the stressed rats were treated with Fameyes, their immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests decreased. A reduction was also observed in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Furthermore, upon oral administration of Fameyes, serum serotonin levels increased. These in vitro and in vivo results support the anti-stress effects of Fameyes.

Conclusions
In vitro experiments showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, in vivo experiments using rats showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in blood and tissue levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and serotonin, as well as the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. However, we did not specifically investigate which ingredient or ingredients showed anti-stress effects, although we reported that Fameyes contained chlorogenic acid and scutellarin major ingredients.
Review of PPP–RTK: achievements, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Li Xingxing , Huang Jiaxin , Li Xin , Shen Zhiheng , Han Junjie , Li Linyang , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe PPP–RTK method, which combines the concepts of Precise of Point Positioning (PPP) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), is proposed to provide a centimeter-accuracy positioning service for an unlimited number of users. Recently, the PPP–RTK technique is becoming a promising tool for emerging applications such as autonomous vehicles and unmanned logistics as it has several advantages including high precision, full flexibility, and good privacy. This paper gives a detailed review of PPP–RTK focusing on its implementation methods, recent achievements as well as challenges and opportunities. Firstly, the fundamental approach to implement PPP–RTK is described and an overview of the research on key techniques, such as Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) estimation, precise atmospheric correction retrieval and modeling, and fast PPP ambiguity resolution, is given. Then, the recent efforts and progress are addressed, such as improving the performance of PPP–RTK by combining multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations, single-frequency PPP–RTK for low-cost devices, and PPP–RTK for vehicle navigation. Also, the system construction and applications based on the PPP–RTK method are summarized. Moreover, the main issues that impact PPP–RTK performance are highlighted, including signal occlusion in complex urban areas and atmosphere modeling in extreme weather events. The new opportunities brought by the rapid development of low-cost markets, multiple sensors, and new-generation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) navigation constellation are also discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with some comments and the prospects for future research.
Altered diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in brain parenchyma after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Elsorogy Lamiaa Galal , Abdelrazek Amany Mohamed , Awad Hanee Ali , Abdelwahab Rihame Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aim of study
To evaluate the role of diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting structural alterations following TBI with persistent symptoms without findings on conventional structural imaging.

Methods
This was a prospective study that enrolled a total of 30 individuals (12 females and 18 males), 6 control with no history of trauma and 24 with previous history of trauma. All subjects underwent conventional brain MRI and DTI. The eigenvalues of the genue and splenium of corpus callosum (CC), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corticospinal tract (CS), arcuate fasciculus (AF) were measured bilaterally in all cases using suitable region of interest and the fraction anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), were calculated. FA and MD values were compared between patients and control subjects. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated for FA, MD and combined. Sensitivity and Specificity were determined from the curve and PPV, NPV and accuracy underwent calculation through cross-tabulation.

Result
As compared with controls, FA was significantly decreased and MD was significantly increased in genue and splenium of CC and CS. For the Combined FA & MD in differentiating cases with trauma there was statistically significant difference in SLF, AF, genue, splenium, ILF and CS as p value < 0.05.

Conclusions
DTI parameters is a promising tool in the detection of subtle brain parenchymal changes in patients with TBI who have persistent symptoms and no evident abnormalities on conventional MRI. Furthermore combined use of FA and MD shows better diagnostic accuracy in differentiation between control and trauma patient.
Vertical wound closure following sacrococcygeal teratoma excision: an approachable aesthetic solution
Authors: AbouZeid Amr Abdelhamid , Radwan Ahmed Bassiouny , Elghandour Mostafa Mohamed , Guirguis Nader Nassef , Bersy Mohamed Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare tumour, usually presenting in the neonatal period. The benign nature of most tumours and the high survival rates would emphasise on the importance of both cosmetic and functional outcomes.
We report on our extended experience with more cases concentrating on the aesthetic outcome of vertical wound closure following excision of large irregular sacrococcygeal tumours.
The study included primary cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma who were referred to our surgical team for excision. Cases of presacral tumours associated with anorectal anomalies and sacral bony defects (Currarino triad) were excluded. In all cases, we planned for a vertical midline wound closure after tumour excision. The aesthetic outcomes are evaluated concerning the vertical midline scar, buttock’s contour, and position of the anus.

Results
In addition to twelve previously reported cases (during the period 2011 through 2016), we included another ten new consecutive cases operated during the period 2017 through 2021. Collectively, the study included 22 cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma that underwent vertical perineal wound closure after excision of the tumour. In 13 cases (those with relatively small or medium-sized tumours), the perineal wound was perfectly closed in the midline (well-hidden vertical scar in the natal cleft). For the rest of the cases (9 cases with large and/or irregular sacrococcygeal tumours), some modification was applied on the vertical linear mid-line skin closure to accommodate for skin redundancy and irregularity at the lower end of the wound, usually ending with an ‘inverted-Y’ skin closure

Conclusion
Vertical wound closure was always feasible after excision of sacrococcygeal teratomas. Even with large and irregular tumours, the vertical scar was perfectly or partially hidden within the natal cleft. Usually, there was adequate buttock development with minimal disturbance to the normal anal location within the perineum.
The incidence and clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism in oncologic patients
Authors: Samra Saad Rabie , Said Ahmed Mohamed , Elsayed Dalia Hamouda , Elhamed Marwa Elsayed Abd , HAbeb Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
For various types of cancer in oncologic patients, the clinical features of pulmonary embolism (PE) are unknown. The purpose of the study is to identify pulmonary embolism incidence and type among oncologic patients along with evaluating any associated clinical variables.

Patients and methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 540 patients who had various types of cancers and attended to a 1-day care unit of oncology in King Fahd Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chest CT with contrast and CT pulmonary angiography was applied when indicated.

Results
This study was conducted on 540 patients who have different types of cancers; among them, 24 (4.44%) developed PE. Pulmonary embolism was reported in 50% of patients who had seminoma and germ cell tumor, while in cancer larynx, it was represented in 33.4% of them. Moreover, PE was less common among patients who had cancer colon, prostate, and breast (6.68%, 4.7%, and 2.54%, respectively). Seven patients with PE (1.3%) were diagnosed incidentally during cancer staging, while 17 patients (3.14%) had symptomatic PE. Eighty-four percent of the PE cases were diagnosed within the first 6 months of cancer diagnosis, while 4/24 (16%) of the PE cases were diagnosed throughout patient follow-up within the first year of diagnosis. Chest pain and dyspnea were the common presentations in confirmed PE either symptomatic or incidental group.

Conclusions
Low-risk PE was the most frequent degree; massive and sub-massive PE was uncommon in oncologic patients. Dyspnea and chest discomfort are concerning signs of PE in cancer. Meticulous care during the first 6 months for cancer patients to pick up pulmonary embolism is recommended.
Integrating Tobacco Treatment Into Oncology Care: Reach and Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Tobacco Treatment Across National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Centers
Authors: Hohl Sarah D. , Matulewicz Richard S. , Salloum Ramzi G. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Baker Timothy B. , Schnoll Robert , Warren Graham , Bernstein Steven L. , Minion Mara , Lenhoff Katie , Dahl Neely , Juon Hee Soon , Tsosie Ursula , Fleisher Linda , D'Angelo Heather , Ramsey Alex T. , Ashing Kimlin T. , Rolland Betsy , Nolan Margaret B. , Bird Jennifer E. , Nguyen Claire V.T. , Pauk Danielle , Adsit Robert T. , Tindle Hilary A. , Shoenbill Kimberly , Yeung Sophia , Presant Cary A. , Wiseman Kara P. , Wen Kuang-Yi , Chichester Lou-Anne , Chen Li-Shiun 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Quitting smoking improves patients' clinical outcomes, yet smoking is not commonly addressed as part of cancer care. The Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) supports National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers to integrate tobacco treatment programs (TTPs) into routine cancer care. C3I centers vary in size, implementation strategies used, and treatment approaches. We examined associations of these contextual factors with treatment reach and smoking cessation effectiveness. METHODS This cross-sectional study used survey data from 28 C3I centers that reported tobacco treatment data during the first 6 months of 2021. Primary outcomes of interest were treatment reach (reach)—the proportion of patients identified as currently smoking who received at least one evidence-based tobacco treatment component (eg, counseling and pharmacotherapy)—and smoking cessation effectiveness (effectiveness)—the proportion of patients reporting 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Center-level differences in reach and effectiveness were examined by center characteristics, implementation strategies, and tobacco treatment components. RESULTS Of the total 692,662 unique patients seen, 44,437 reported current smoking. Across centers, a median of 96% of patients were screened for tobacco use, median smoking prevalence was 7.4%, median reach was 15.4%, and median effectiveness was 18.4%. Center-level characteristics associated with higher reach included higher smoking prevalence, use of center-wide TTP, and lower patient-to-tobacco treatment specialist ratio. Higher effectiveness was observed at centers that served a larger overall population and population of patients who smoke, reported a higher smoking prevalence, and/or offered electronic health record referrals via a closed-loop system. CONCLUSION Whole-center TTP implementation among inpatients and outpatients, and increasing staff-to-patient ratios may improve TTP reach. Designating personnel with tobacco treatment expertise and resources to increase tobacco treatment dose or intensity may improve smoking cessation effectiveness.
Clinical Benefit of First-Line Programmed Death-1 Antibody Plus Chemotherapy in Low Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1–Expressing Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Post Hoc Analysis of JUPITER-06 and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Hao-Xiang , Pan Yi-Qian , He Ye , Wang Zi-Xian , Guan Wen-Long , Chen Yan-Xing , Yao Yi-Chen , Shao Ning-Yi , Xu Rui-Hua , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Pembrolizumab or nivolumab plus chemotherapy was approved as a first-line treatment for high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)–expressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by the European Medicines Agency, whereas the US Food and Drug Administration approved this regimen regardless of PD-L1 expression. The superiority of programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone in patients with low PD-L1–expressing ESCC remains debatable. METHODS Post hoc analysis of the Chinese JUPITER-06 study focusing on efficacy stratified by PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS; using JS311 antibody) was conducted. Electronic databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials for meta-analysis. Study-level pooled analyses of hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival and progression-free survival and odds ratios for objective response rate according to PD-L1 expression were performed. RESULTS The post hoc analysis of JUPITER-06 showed more prominent clinical benefit with PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy than with chemotherapy alone in both the high and low PD-L1–expressing subgroups. Five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, and two PD-L1 expression scoring criteria, TPS (≥ 1%/< 1%) and combined positive score (CPS, ≥ 10/< 10), were analyzed. Significant overall survival benefit by adding PD-1 antibody to chemotherapy was observed in both the TPS < 1% (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97) and CPS < 10 (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.89) subgroups. Similarly, significantly prolonged progression-free survival was observed in both the TPS < 1% (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.86) and CPS < 10 (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.84) subgroups. In addition, the objective response rate of the TPS < 1% subgroup was significantly improved (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.29). In all high PD-L1–expressing subgroups, the pooled benefit of PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy was significantly better than that of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This study provided novel evidence supporting the superiority of PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced ESCC with low PD-L1 expression. Further studies of predictive biomarkers are warranted.
Clinical Multiteam System Composition and Complexity Among Newly Diagnosed Early-Stage Breast, Colorectal, and Lung Cancer Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions: A SEER-Medicare Analysis
Authors: Doose Michelle , Verhoeven Dana , Sanchez Janeth I. , McGee-Avila Jennifer K. , Chollette Veronica , Weaver Sallie J. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: Sixty percent of adults have multiple chronic conditions at cancer diagnosis. These patients may require a multidisciplinary clinical team-of-teams, or a multiteam system (MTS), of high-complexity involving multiple specialists and primary care, who, ideally, coordinate clinical responsibilities, share information, and align clinical decisions to ensure comprehensive care needs are managed. However, insights examining MTS composition and complexity among individuals with cancer and comorbidities at diagnosis using US population-level data are limited. METHODS: Using SEER-Medicare data (2006-2016), we identified newly diagnosed patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer who had a codiagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease and/or diabetes (n = 75,201). Zaccaro's theory-based classification of MTSs was used to categorize clinical MTS complexity in the 4 months following cancer diagnosis: high-complexity (≥ 4 clinicians from ≥ 2 specialties) and low-complexity (1-3 clinicians from 1-2 specialties). We describe the proportions of patients with different MTS compositions and quantify the incidence of high-complexity MTS care by patient groups. RESULTS: The most common MTS composition was oncology with primary care (37%). Half (50.3%) received high-complexity MTS care. The incidence of high-complexity MTS care for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients with cancer was 6.7% (95% CI, −8.0 to −5.3) and 4.7% (95% CI, −6.3 to −3.0) lower than non-Hispanic White patients with cancer; 13.1% (95% CI, −14.1 to −12.2) lower for rural residents compared with urban; 10.4% (95% CI, −11.2 to −9.5) lower for dual Medicaid-Medicare beneficiaries compared with Medicare-only; and 16.6% (95% CI, −17.5 to −15.8) lower for colorectal compared with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Incidence differences of high-complexity MTS care were observed among cancer patients with multiple chronic conditions from underserved populations. The results highlight the need to further understand the effects of and mechanisms through which care team composition, complexity, and functioning affect care quality and outcomes.
Oncologist-Reported Barriers and Facilitators to Enrolling Patients in Optimization Trials That Test Less Intense Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rocque Gabrielle B. , Andrews Courtney , Lawhon Valerie M. , Frazier Rachel , Ingram Stacey A. , Smith Mary Lou , Wagner Lynne I. , Zubkoff Lisa , Tung Nadine , Wallner Lauren P. , Wolff Antonio C. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: As outcomes improve in early-stage breast cancer, clinical trials are undergoing a paradigm shift from intensification trials (more therapy) to improve survival to optimization trials, which assess the potential for using less toxic therapy while preserving survival outcomes. However, little is known about physician perspectives in community and academic settings about possible barriers and facilitators that could affect accrual to optimization clinical trials and the generalizability of future findings. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study with semistructured interviews of medical oncologists from different academic and community practices to assess their perspectives on optimization trials. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Three independent coders used a content analysis approach to analyze transcripts using NVivo. Major themes and exemplary quotes were extracted. RESULTS: All 39 physicians reported that they would enroll patients in optimization clinical trials. Oncologists highlighted specific reasons to consider optimization trials. These included quality-of-life improvement by reducing toxicity, reduction in financial toxicity, fertility preservation, ability to avoid chemotherapy, minimization of overtreatment in patients with comorbid conditions, personalized treatment, opportunities to test novel therapies, and leveraging the availability of targeted therapies. Oncologists also identified accrual barriers, such as tumor-specific biology, individual (host) factors, prognostic markers of risk, access to therapies, provider experience, and system constraints. They voiced recommendations regarding preliminary data, trial design, and tools to support enrollment in optimization trials. CONCLUSION: Although oncologists are generally willing to enroll patients on optimization clinical trials, barriers affect their acceptance. A scientific focus on overcoming these barriers is needed to support future enrollment on trials tailoring therapy on the basis of risk and potential benefit to allow true personalization of treatment.