bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Callable products for an implicit time model with dependent demands
Authors: Gallego Guillermo , Lee Haengju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCapacity providers such as airlines and hotels have traditionally increased revenues by practicing market segmentation and revenue management, enabling them to sell the same capacity pool to different consumers at different prices. Callable products can enhance profits and improve consumers' welfare by allowing the firm to broker capacity between consumers with different willingness to pay. A consumer who buys a callable product gives the capacity provider the right to recall capacity at a prespecified recall price. This article studies callable products in the context of the model most commonly used in industry, which handles time implicitly imposing fewer restrictions on the nature of randomness compared to the Poisson arrival process favored in academia. In the implicit time model, capacity providers set booking limits to protect capacity for future high‐fare demand. Our numerical study identifies conditions where callable products result in significant gains in profits.
MR‐Nucleomics: The study of pathological cellular processes with multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in vivo
Authors: Sun Peng , Wu Zhigang , Lin Liangjie , Hu Geli , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Jiazheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClinical medicine has experienced a rapid development in recent decades, during which therapies targeting specific cellular signaling pathways, or specific cell surface receptors, have been increasingly adopted. While these developments in clinical medicine call for improved precision in diagnosis and treatment monitoring, modern medical imaging methods are restricted mainly to anatomical imaging, lagging behind the requirements of precision medicine. Although positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have been used clinically for studies of metabolism, their applications have been limited by the exposure risk to ionizing radiation, the subsequent limitation in repeated and longitudinal studies, and the incapability in assessing downstream metabolism. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) are, in theory, capable of assessing molecular activities in vivo, although they are often limited by sensitivity. Here, we review some recent developments in MRS and MRSI of multiple nuclei that have potential as molecular imaging tools in the clinic.
Cranial deformation in the northwestern Caspian Sea region in the Bronze Age: Siberian parallels
Authors: Kazarnitsky Aleksey A. , Gromov Andrey V. , Uchaneva Evgeniia N. , Pugacheva Ekaterina V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research examined the occipitoparietal deformations of the Early Bronze Age skulls from the southern European part of Russia and the similarities between those deformations and head modifications among the population of the Okunev culture in Southern Siberia. The study objects used were 3D models of neurocrania from 41 individuals retrieved from Early Bronze Age graves in the northwestern Caspian Sea region and 64 individuals from the Okunev graves. Analyses, of the skull shape variations, included geometric morphometrics, generalized Procrustes analysis, and principal component analysis with visualization of morphological changes as heat maps. Statistically significant differences between the subgroups were tested by performing dispersion analysis (ANOVA) using the Geomorph package. The samples of Early Bronze Age skulls from the southern European part of Russia showed differences between deformed and non‐deformed skulls, as well as differences in the location of the deformed regions in both males and females. The differences between chronological groups turned out to be stronger than the difference between undeformed and deformed skulls in the Okunev samples. The next analysis focused only on the Okunev deformed skulls involving a study and assessment of the differences in the types of deformation between the early and late subgroups. The final analysis demonstrated similarities between the Bronze Age male deformed neurocrania from the northwestern Caspian Sea region and those from the early Okunev culture. The study confirmed the occipitoparietal flattening on the Bronze Age skulls from the southern European part of Russia using geometric morphometrics. This skull deformation finds analogies among deformed male neurocrania from the early chronological horizons of the Okunev culture. The similarity of head modifications in populations from different geographical regions indicates contact between these populations. This is confirmed by archaeological data and nonmetric cranial traits.
Degradable Schiff base benzoxazine thermosets with high glass transition temperature and its high‐performance epoxy alloy: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Liu Lele , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBenzoxazines have been widely used in many fields, such as the aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries; however, these resins exhibit nonrecyclable nature and limited strength (for their brittleness). Introducing reversible covalent bonds in benzoxazines is expected to address these issues. Herein, two‐benzene‐ring‐conjugated Schiff‐base benzoxazine was successfully synthesized using a designed strategy. Using this strategy, possible side reactions, such as the transimination of the Schiff‐base, were prevented when preparing the target product via the traditional Mannich reaction. The cured benzoxazine could chemically degrade under acidic conditions and it undergoes controllable degradation when the temperature, acidity, and solvent are changed. The synthesized benzoxazine forms noticeable liquid crystals when heated to its melting point. Its glass transition temperature also reaches 265°C and the char yield at 800°C is 60.8%, considerably higher than that of traditional bisphenol A‐aniline based benzoxazine (BA‐a). Upon blending with epoxy (EP), the mechanical properties of the copolymers are significantly improved. With increasing benzoxazine content, the tensile strength of the copolymers increases from 63.6 to 95.2 MPa, an increase of ~50%. The rigid Schiff‐base structure is uniformly incorporated into the crosslinked network of EP and the EP curing agent via a transimination reaction during curing, thereby significantly improving the tensile modulus and strength of the composite material.
Enhanced bamboo interfacial bonding performance on the basis of toughening phenol formaldehyde resin by flour
Authors: Jiang Haochong , Du Yuting , Wang Jinhui , Cao Yizhong , Jin Chunde , Yan Yutao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhenol formaldehyde (PF) resin adhesive is the most commonly used adhesive in bamboo gluing due to its excellent bonding strength and durability. However, its high brittleness after curing could cause stress concentration at the bonding interface between PF resin and bamboo, which seriously affect the bonding performance. In this study, different quantity of flour was incorporated into PF resin adhesive and homogeneous processed, the toughening effect and mechanism of the flour on PF resin together with the influence on the bonding strength were fully investigated. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis indicated that flour could make the curing reaction of PF resin much milder. Fracture morphology characterization of PF resin by scanning electron microscopy showed that the flour had good dispersibility and compatibility in PF resin adhesive, which could directly contribute to the mechanical properties of PF resin specimens by forming a ductile fracture. When 10 wt% flour was incorporated, the flexural and impact strength increased by 83.42% and 92.01% compared with the pure PF resin, respectively. The decreased quantity and size of the cracks in cured PF resins on bamboo surface after the incorporation of flour observed by Ultra‐depth‐of‐field microscope and quasi‐static nanoindentation of bonding interface proved that flour could effectively toughen the PF resin and reduce the formation of defects and cracks inside the resin, thus improve the bonding strength. Correspondingly, the bonding strength of the PF resin adhesive glued bamboo strips increased by 14.5% when 10 wt% flour was added into the PF resin.
Phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis reveals early stress responses in transgenic rice expressing Arabidopsis DREB1a
Authors: Berchembrock Yasmin Vasques , Pathak Bhuvan , Maurya Chandan , Botelho Flávia Barbosa Silva , Srivastava Vibha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOverexpression of Arabidopsis dehydration response element binding 1a (DREB1a) is a well‐known approach for developing salinity, cold and/or drought stress tolerance. However, understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with DREB1a expression in rice is generally limited. In this study, DREB1a‐associated early responses were investigated in a transgenic rice line harboring cold‐inducible DREB1a at a gene stacked locus. Although the function of other genes in the stacked locus was not relevant to stress tolerance, this study demonstrates DREB1a can be co‐localized with other genes for multigenic trait enhancement. As expected, the transgenic lines displayed improved tolerance to salinity stress and water withholding as compared with non‐transgenic controls. RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of complex transcriptional networks and metabolic reprogramming as DREB1a expression led to the upregulation of multiple transcription factor gene families, suppression of photosynthesis, and induction of secondary metabolism. In addition to the detection of previously described mechanisms such as production of protective molecules, potentially novel pathways were also revealed. These include jasmonate, auxin, and ethylene signaling, induction of JAZ and WRKY regulons, trehalose synthesis, and polyamine catabolism. These genes regulate various stress responses and ensure timely attenuation of the stress signal. Furthermore, genes associated with heat stress response were downregulated in DREB1a expressing lines, suggesting antagonism between heat and dehydration stress response pathways. In summary, through a complex transcriptional network, multiple stress signaling pathways are induced by DREB1a that presumably lead to early perception and prompt response toward stress tolerance as well as attenuation of the stress signal to prevent deleterious effects of the runoff response.
Organic triplets as free radical pairs: Everything old is new again
Authors: Baird N. Colin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMore than a half‐century ago, Michael Dewar devised a theoretical construct whereby the aromatic stabilization of conjugated hydrocarbon rings could be analyzed by imagining them to be formed by combining free radical chains. From the analysis, he also predicted that the rings would reverse their aromaticity in their first excited states. By taking the construct more literally, we were able to calculate the ground state‐to‐triplet energies of twisted conjugated polyenes and to elaborate upon the rules of aromaticity and anti‐aromaticity for hydrocarbon rings. In the present publication, we point out that the spin densities of the triplet states of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons closely mimic those expected for free radicals, and that to some extent, the relative energies of their isomers can be understood in terms of interacting free radical networks.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal‐induced tolerance is determined by fungal identity and pathogen density
Authors: Bell Christopher A. , Magkourilou Emily , Barker Helen , Barker Anthony , Urwin Peter E. , Field Katie J. 
Published: October 2022

Societal Impact StatementPlant‐parasitic nematodes are a major concern for global food security, and many existing control options are being phased out due to adverse impacts on the environment. Here, we show that although application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases host tolerance to these parasites, these benefits decrease as the parasite burden increases, limiting long‐term benefits. This effect was consistent between experiments in the glasshouse and in the field environment, demonstrating the relevance of research into usable technologies. Our findings have potential to aid decision making regarding application of AMF inocula for optimum results in agricultural systems.Summary

Plant‐parasitic nematodes are a leading global threat to crop production and food security aims. Control strategies based on nematicides and fertilisers are increasingly undesirable due to economic and environmental impacts. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may induce host tolerance against pests such as the potato cyst nematode (PCN).
Here, we determined the impact of PCN density on the tolerance induced by AMF‐host interactions. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of five AMF inocula on PCN fitness though glasshouse and field trials.
Greater PCN densities reduce the increased tolerance that AMF may confer on their hosts. This may be due to reduced mycorrhizal colonisation of hosts under higher PCN infection and potentially a threshold at which the presence of PCN severely impacts fungal growth. When tested in the field, the outcomes of AMF inoculation on crop yields were still positive. Inoculation of soil in the field also increased PCN multiplication, suggesting that AMF‐induced tolerance may become reduced in the near future when the threshold PCN density is reached.
Addition of AMF to agricultural soils may provide a short‐term benefit yet lead to a long‐term detriment by increasing PCN populations. The effects observed were driven by only one out of the five introduced AMF species, indicating that the remaining species were redundant for this application. This raises important considerations for future application of AMF inocula in agricultural systems and aids our understanding of how widely used ‘beneficial’ soil amendments impact the agricultural ecosystem.
Accuracy of elastic fusion biopsy: Comparing prostate cancer detection between targeted and systematic biopsy
Authors: Oderda Marco , Albisinni Simone , Benamran Daniel , Calleris Giorgio , Ciccariello Mauro , Dematteis Alessandro , Diamand Romain , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Fiard Gaelle , Forte Valerio , Giacobbe Alessandro , Marquis Alessandro , Marra Giancarlo , Messas Aurel , Muto Giovanni , Peltier Alexandre , Rius Leire , Simone Giuseppe , Roumeguere Thierry , Faletti Riccardo , Gontero Paolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhen performing targeted biopsy (TBx), the need to add systematic biopsies (SBx) is often debated. Aim of the study is to evaluate the added value of SBx in addition to TBx in terms of prostate cancer (PCa) detection rates (CDR), and to test the concordance between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) findings and fusion biopsy results in terms of cancer location.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multicentric study that gathered data on 1992 consecutive patients who underwent elastic fusion biopsy between 2011 and 2020. A standardized approach was used, with TBx (2–4 cores per target) followed by SBx (12–14 cores). We assessed CDR of TBx, of SBx, and TBx+SBx for all cancers and clinically significant PCa (csPCa), defined as ISUP score ≥2. CDR was evaluated according to radiological and clinical parameters, with a particular focus on PI‐RADS 3 lesions. In a subgroup of 1254 patients we tested the discordance between mpMRI findings and fusion biopsy results in terms of cancer location. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of CDR.ResultsCDR of TBx+SBx was 63.0% for all cancers and 38.8% of csPCa. Per‐patient analysis showed that SBx in addition to TBx improved CDR by 4.5% for all cancers and 3.4% for csPCa. Patients with lesions scored as PI‐RADS 3, 4, and 5 were diagnosed with PCa in 27.9%, 72.8%, and 92.3%, and csPCa in 10.7%, 43.6%, and 69.3%, respectively. When positive, PI‐RADS 3 lesions were ISUP grade 1 in 61.1% of cases. Per‐lesion analysis showed that discordance between mpMRI and biopsy was found in 56.6% of cases, with 710 patients having positive SBx outside mpMRI targets, of which 414 (58.0%) were clinically significant. PSA density ≥0.15 was a strong predictor of CDR.ConclusionsThe addition of systematic mapping to TBx contributes to a minority of per‐patient diagnoses but detects a high number of PCa foci outside mpMRI targets, increasing biopsy accuracy for the assessment of cancer burden within the prostate. High PSA‐density significantly increases the risk of PCa, both in the whole cohort and in PI‐RADS 3 cases.
The thelytokous strain of the parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa outperforms the arrhenotokous strain in reproductive capacity and biological control of agromyzid leafminers
Authors: Ye Fuyu , Yang Yuemei , Zhang Yibo , Pan Liting , Yefremova Zoya , Yang Liyan , Guo Jianyang , Liu Wanxue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBoth arrhenotoky (sexual reproduction of females and asexual reproduction of males) and thelytoky (asexual reproduction of females) occur within the order Hymenoptera. The existence of both thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains within one species provides an opportunity to compare the biocontrol efficiency between two reproductive modes. The parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains with sympatric distributions. This parasitoid is used to control invasive leafminers through feeding, stinging, and parasitization. To compare the biocontrol efficiency of the two strains, we analyzed life tables and host‐killing parameters of these two strains reared on the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table and the CONSUME‐MSChart software.RESULTSOur results showed that the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) of the thelytokous strain were significantly higher than those of the arrhenotokous strain. The thelytokous females also performed better than the arrhenotokous females for the net host‐feeding rate, net host‐stinging rate, and net host‐killing rate, but not the finite parasitism rate. Conclusively, the finite host‐killing rate of the thelytokous strain (0.8720 ± 0.0516) was significantly higher than that of the arrhenotokous strain (0.5914 ± 0.0832).CONCLUSIONWe concluded that thelytokous N. formosa is a better candidate as a biocontrol agent than arrhenotokous N. formosa to control leafminers. Our results shed light on how to choose a better biocontrol agent for integrated pest management (IPM) based on biological control, especially for co‐occurring thelytokous and arrhenotokous parasitoids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Aphid‐repellent, ladybug‐attraction activities, and binding mechanism of methyl salicylate derivatives containing geraniol moiety
Authors: Yang Zhao‐Kai , Qu Cheng , Pan Shi‐Xiang , Liu Yan , Shi Zhuo , Luo Chen , Qin Yao‐Guo , Yang Xin‐Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAphids have been mainly controlled by traditional chemical insecticides, resulting in unamiable risk to the environment over the last decades. Push–pull strategy is regarded as a promising eco‐friendly approach for aphid management through repelling aphid away and attracting their natural enemy. Methyl salicylate (MeSA), one of typical HIPVs (herbivore‐induced plant volatiles), can repel aphids and attract ladybugs. Our previous studies discovered a new lead compound 3e, a salicylate‐substituted carboxyl (E)‐β‐farnesene derivative that had effective aphid‐repellent activity. However, whether 3e has attractive activity to ladybug like MeSA is unknown. Meanwhile, to discover a new derivative for both deterring aphid and recruiting ladybug is meaningful for green control of aphids.RESULTSThrough the structural optimization of 3e, 14 new derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 4e and 4i had good aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) repellent activity, and compounds 3e, 4e and 4i had significant ladybug (Harmonia axyridis) attractive activity to males. Particularly, 4i exhibited manifest attractive effect on the females as well. Binding mechanism showed that 4i not only bound effectively with the aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) target ApisOBP9 thanks to its multiple hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen‐bond, but also had strong binding affinity with ladybug target HaxyOBP15 due to the suitable steric space. Additionally, 4i displayed low toxicity to bee Apis mellifera.CONCLUSIONCompound 3e does exhibit attractive activity to male ladybug as MeSA. However, the new derivative 4i, with both pleasant aphid‐repellent and ladybug‐attraction activities, can be considered as a novel potential push–pull candidate for aphid control in sustainable agriculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anticancer Evaluation of Some New 4β‐Imidazolopodophyllotoxin ‐Aromatic Amides
Authors: Nagavath Rajkumar , Nukala Satheesh Kumar , Sagam Ravikumar Reddy , Sirassu Narsimha , Guguloth Veeranna , Kamarajugadda Pavan , Paidakula Suresh , Thirukovela Narasimha Swamy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, we described the synthesis of some new aromatic amides of 4β‐imidazolopodophyllotoxin (6 a–p) and their anticancer evaluation against four human cancer cell lines like MCF‐7 (breast), A549 (lung), Hela (cervical) and DU‐145 (prostate). Out of all, compounds 6 d, 6 e, 6 g, 6 i, 6 j, 6 l, 6 n and 6 o were found to be active with IC50 values in the range of 0.59‐10 μM. Specifically, compound 6 o showed greater potency against all the cell lines than the standard etoposide. Predominantly, compounds 6 e, 6 j and 6 o observed to be 3 to 4 times more potent against DU‐145 than the standard. The molecular docking studies of three active compounds 6 e, 6 j and 6 o on target protein DNA topoisomerase II were also conducted and found that binding affinity and free energies obtained were in good covenant with the corresponding IC50 values. Finally, the results of in silico ADMET revealed that, compounds 6 e, 6 j and 6 o have shown 100 % intestinal absorption and none of them exhibited AMES and hepato toxicity.
Looking beyond Adsorption Energies to Understand Interactions at Surface using Machine Learning
Authors: Agarwal Sheena , Joshi Kavita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentifying factors that influence interactions at the surface is still an active area of research. In this work, the importance of analyzing bond length activations (BLact) along with adsorption energies (Ea) while interpreting Density Functional Theory (DFT) results is emphasized. Investigating adsorption of different small molecules, such as O2, N2, CO, and CO2, on commonly studied facets ((100), (110), and (111)) of seven fcc transition metal surfaces (M=Ag, Au, Cu, Ir, Rh, Pt, and Pd) demonstrates the missing linear correlation between Ea and BLact. Further, tree based Machine Learning (ML) models reinforce the missing linear correlation between the two parameters and also highlight the importance of analyzing both to develop a better understanding of adsorption at surfaces. The best performing Random Forest models have a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.19 eV for Ea prediction, and even lower MAE of 0.012 Å for BLact prediction. While often d‐band center is correlated with Ea, our observations show that infact the d‐band center has a better correlation with BLact. These observations emphasizes the role of BLact in gaining a fuller picture for catalysis. The fact that the factors responsible for BLact is a lesser‐explored subject adds to the novelty of the findings.