bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of compounds from Moringa oleifera leaves using supercritical CO2 plus ethanol as a cosolvent
Authors: da Silva Marina , Trancoso Julia , Tormen Luciano , Bombardelli Michele M. , Corazza Marcos L. , Bainy Eduarda M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtracts of compounds from Moringa oleifera leaves were obtained by supercritical extraction with CO2 using ethanol as a cosolvent (scCO2 + EtOH). The experimental conditions were investigated by varying temperature (35–80°C), pressure (15–25 MPa), and mass ratio between ethanol and raw material. The phenolic acids (gallic, vanillic, and p‐coumaric acids) and flavonoids (catechin) were identified in all extracts, except for the extract obtained without the cosolvent. The main compounds by GC–MS were 1‐triacontanol, nonacosane, heptacosane, phytol, γ‐tocopherol, and α‐tocopherol. Extracts obtained at 35°C showed the highest values of total phenolic compounds, DPPH, and FRAP, however, the lowest extraction yield. The central point extraction conditions (60°C and 20 MPa) had the best‐combined results for yield (4.4%), total phenolic compounds (24 ± 1 mg GAE/g), DPPH (77 ± 2 μmol Trolox/g), FRAP (265 ± 9 μmol Trolox/g) and the presence of bioactive compounds.Practical ApplicationsSupercritical fluid extraction with CO2 is a clean technology that employs low temperatures, producing high‐quality extracts. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts showed different compositions according to the experimental conditions evaluated. The use of ethanol as a cosolvent and high temperatures positively influenced the extraction yield. All extracts showed antioxidant potential. Catechin, gallic, vanillic, and p‐coumaric acids were the main phenolic compounds. The extract obtained at the central point condition had better antioxidant potential, yield, and bioactive compounds.
Therapeutic effects of turmeric topical cream in vitiligo: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Jalalmanesh Samin , Mansouri Parvin , Rajabi Mehdi , Monji Faezeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an autoimmune and acquired disease characterized by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes leading to depigmentation of the skin. Although vitiligo is a common disease, there is not a definite cure and conventional therapies can lead to serious adverse effects. Turmeric has been widely studied for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐cell proliferation, while it is a cost‐benefit and available treatment for a variety of diseases.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical turmeric cream on vitiligo's lesion appearance including size and repigmentation.Patients/MethodsFollowing the screening, 30 patients were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. The patients received training to apply turmeric and placebo cream at the specified side of their body twice a day for 4 months. Patients were evaluated at the baseline and at monthly intervals to access possible side effects. Lesion size, vitiligo area scoring index (VASI), vitiligo noticeability scale (VNS), and physician global assessment (PGA) were evaluated at the baseline and after four months to compare the changes induced by turmeric and placebo cream.ResultsTwenty‐four patients completed the trial. Applying turmeric cream reduced the size of lesions and improved lesion's appearance significantly compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001), and also, patient's satisfaction score was higher following applying turmeric cream compared to placebo (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTurmeric cream can be used as an alternative remedy or adjuvant therapy in mild to moderate vitiligo lesions and in those who cannot tolerate the adverse effects of conventional therapies.
Rosacea management: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Kroumpouzos George , Kassir Martin , Galadari Hassan , Goren Andy , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRosacea is a chronic cutaneous disorder affecting primarily the face, characterized by erythema, transient or persistent, telangiectasia, and inflammatory lesions including papulo‐pustules and swelling. The essential component of the disease is the persistent erythema of facial skin. Episodes of flushing (acute‐subacute intermittent vasodilation) are common. Swelling and erythema of the nose along with dilatation of the pilosebaceous poral orifices, known as rhinophyma, can be noted in chronic cases. Rosacea affects up to 10% of the world population and is especially noted in fair‐skinned individuals aged 35–50. Women are affected more often than men. Several treatment modalities including topical medications, systemic drugs, lasers, and light‐based therapies have been used for the management of rosacea with variable results. Topical medications such as azelaic acid, metronidazole, and sulfacetamide/sulfur, oral antibiotics such as tetracyclines, and oral retinoids alone or, most commonly, in combination form the mainstay of treatment. Light therapies such as intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser are best used for the erythemato‐telangiectatic type. Topical brimonidine, oxymetazoline, ivermectin, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, low‐dose modified‐release tetracyclines and botulinum toxin are the new additions to the therapeutic armamentarium. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various therapies used for rosacea.
Rise and shine: The use of polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light to mitigate sleep inertia at night following awakening from slow‐wave sleep
Authors: Hilditch Cassie J. , Wong Lily R. , Bathurst Nicholas G. , Feick Nathan H. , Pradhan Sean , Santamaria Amanda , Shattuck Nita L. , Flynn‐Evans Erin E. 
Published: February 2022

SummarySleep inertia is the brief period of performance impairment and reduced alertness experienced after waking, especially from slow‐wave sleep. We assessed the efficacy of polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light to improve vigilant attention, alertness and mood immediately after waking from slow‐wave sleep at night. Twelve participants (six female, 23.3 ± 4.2 years) maintained an actigraphy‐confirmed sleep schedule of 8.5 hr for 5 nights, and 5 hr for 1 night prior to an overnight laboratory visit. In the laboratory, participants were awakened from slow‐wave sleep, and immediately exposed to either dim, red ambient light (control) or polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light (light) for 1 hr in a randomized crossover design. They completed a 5‐min Psychomotor Vigilance Task, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and Visual Analogue Scales of mood at 2, 17, 32 and 47 min after waking. Following this testing period, lights were turned off and participants returned to sleep. They were awakened from their subsequent slow‐wave sleep period and received the opposite condition. Compared with the control condition, participants exposed to light had fewer Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses (χ2[1] = 5.285, p = 0.022), reported feeling more alert (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale: F1,77 = 4.955, p = 0.029; Visual Analogue Scalealert: F1,77 = 8.226, p = 0.005), and reported improved mood (Visual Analogue Scalecheerful: F1,77 = 8.615, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sleep‐onset latency between conditions following the testing period (t10 = 1.024, p = 0.330). Our results suggest that exposure to polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light immediately after waking from slow‐wave sleep at night may help improve vigilant attention, subjective alertness, and mood. Future studies should explore the potential mechanisms of this countermeasure and its efficacy in real‐world environments.
COI gene‐based mitochondrial DNA variation of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) reveals high genetic variation and occurrence of distinct populations in the Bay of Bengal, India, and its comparison with other populations
Authors: Tudu Sanatan , Gupta Sandeep Kumar , Dash Bisnu Prasad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHorseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) is an archaic group of marine species which plays a vital role in the saline ecosystem. We attempted to develop a baseline database about the ecology, phylogeography, and genetic variation among the horseshoe crab population from Odisha, India. We collected 152 samples of horseshoe crab from the coastal area of the Bay of Bengal. The generated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) sequences of T. gigas were compared with the GenBank sequences of five populations from Bangladesh, Thailand, Singapore, South China, and Malaysia. A total of 33 unique haplotypes were observed in six populations of T. gigas. Pairwise F‐statistic distance (FST) between South China‐India, Malaysia‐India, Singapore‐India, Thailand‐India, and Bangladesh‐India were 0.021, 0.020, 0.017, 0.015, and 0.008, respectively. It indicated that the Indian and Bangladesh populations were genetically close and distinct from the other four populations. Furthermore, the migrant per generation (Nm) was 0.16, which indicated a low gene flow among T. gigas populations. The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.7482 and 0.00313, respectively. It signifies the ecological importance of the Indian population that would help in formulating the future strategy for the conservation of horseshoe crab.
Changing face of epidemiology of dermatophytoses in Chinese Mainland: A 30 years nationwide retrospective study from 1991 to 2020
Authors: Song Ge , Zhang Meijie , Liu Weida , Liang Guanzhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytoses are the most common infectious skin disease. Its epidemiology varies in different countries and regions, and its prevalence in China is still unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to reveal the epidemiological features of dermatophytoses in Chinese mainland in the past thirty years.MethodsFrom 1991 to 2020, a 30‐year retrospective epidemiological study was carried out. All published literatures containing dermatophytoses and dermatophytes were collected and analysed.ResultsA total of more than 180,000 cases in 124 articles from more than 100 hospitals were included and analysed. Among dermatophytoses, tinea cruris (24.92%) was the predominant clinical type, followed by tinea pedis (22.97%) and tinea corporis (18.12%). In recent 10 years, tinea pedis (25.40%) was more common than tinea cruris (22.39%) and became the most common infection. Among dermatophytes, T rubrum (69.48%) has always been the most common isolates, followed by T mentagrophytes (16.45%) and M canis (8.09%). Other species were found below 3%. In superficial mycoses, dermatophytes accounted for 75.52%, higher than that of yeasts/yeast‐like (21.83%) and moulds (2.65%). The prevalence of tinea capitis was lower in economically developed eastern region than that in central and western regions. Tinea cruris was more common in warm zones than cold zones.ConclusionsThe top three dermatophytoses are tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea corporis, while the top three dermatophytes are T rubrum, T mentagrophytes and M canis. The distribution of dermatophytoses may be influenced by socioeconomic status and geographical‐meteorological conditions.
Contribution of soil algae to the global carbon cycle
Authors: Jassey Vincent E. J. , Walcker Romain , Kardol Paul , Geisen Stefan , Heger Thierry , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Hamard Samuel , Lara Enrique 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Soil photoautotrophic prokaryotes and micro‐eukaryotes – known as soil algae – are, together with heterotrophic microorganisms, a constitutive part of the microbiome in surface soils. Similar to plants, they fix atmospheric carbon (C) through photosynthesis for their own growth, yet their contribution to global and regional biogeochemical C cycling still remains quantitatively elusive.

Here, we compiled an extensive dataset on soil algae to generate a better understanding of their distribution across biomes and predict their productivity at a global scale by means of machine learning modelling.

We found that, on average, (5.5 ± 3.4) × 106 algae inhabit each gram of surface soil. Soil algal abundance especially peaked in acidic, moist and vegetated soils. We estimate that, globally, soil algae take up around 3.6 Pg C per year, which corresponds to c. 6% of the net primary production of terrestrial vegetation.

We demonstrate that the C fixed by soil algae is crucial to the global C cycle and should be integrated into land‐based efforts to mitigate C emissions.
Evaluating an online self‐help intervention for parents of children with food allergies
Authors: Sugunasingha Naomi , Jones Fergal W. , du Toit George , Jones Christina J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with food allergies (CwFA) experience reduced quality of life (QoL) and may have reduced access to in‐person interventions in the COVID‐19 pandemic. This trial developed and evaluated an online, self‐help, information provision website, aimed at improving QoL in parents of CwFA.MethodsIn a single‐blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT), participants were randomised to either receive access to the website or a waiting‐list control. At baseline, post‐intervention (week 4) and follow‐up (week 8), measures of parental food allergy‐related QoL, depression, anxiety, stress, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and self‐efficacy were obtained.ResultsA total of 205 participants were randomised; 97% were females, 91% white and 78% educated ≥ degree level, with a mean age of 38.95 years (SD = 6.89). 44.9% (n = 92) were retained at follow‐up. The arms did not significantly differ on any outcome at any time point. For a sub‐group of participants above the clinical cut‐off for depression at baseline, the intervention may have improved QoL. Participants reported the website content as useful and accessible, but accessed it infrequently. In baseline data, IU and self‐efficacy were significantly associated with QoL.ConclusionWhile the COVID‐19 pandemic has encouraged greater provision of online interventions, our RCT suggests this particular website is not suitable for this population in general, although future research could examine its efficacy for depressed parents of CwFA, to increase confidence that the sub‐group finding was not a Type 1 error. The baseline data suggest IU and self‐efficacy remain potential proximal targets for intervention.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistance to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin inFusarium graminearumpopulations from Brazil
Authors: Andrade Sheila M. P. , Augusti Guilherme R. , Paiva Gabriel F. , Feksa Heraldo R. , Tessmann Dauri J. , Machado Franklin J. , Mizubuti Eduardo S. G. , Del Ponte Emerson M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWheat farmers rely on fungicides to protect fields against several foliar and flowering diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). A range of active ingredients is used in isolation or in dual premixes that include a dimethylation inhibitor (DMI) or a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide. Comprehensive information about fungicide resistance inF.graminearumis available for DMIs, while for QoIs the data are scarce. We characterized 225 strains obtained from two states in southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Paraná (PR), in relation to their response to two QoIs. The median EC50(effective concentration leading to 50% inhibition of conidial germination) value for azoxystrobin (n = 25 isolates) was 2.20 μg/ml in the PR population and 4.04 μg/ml in the RS population. For pyraclostrobin (n = 50), the median EC50was 0.28 μg/ml in the PR population and 0.24 μg/ml in the RS population. Evidence of cross‐resistance could not be detected. Screening using a discriminatory dose (DD) for azoxystrobin in a larger number of isolates from PR (n = 75) and RS (n = 100) states allowed the detection of 50% and 28% sensitive strains, respectively. Using the DD for pyraclostrobin, 33% and 18.8% were classified as less sensitive in the PR and RS isolates, respectively. In RS, the frequency of less‐sensitive isolates increased over time (2007–2011). No point mutation at any of the target spots (F129L, G137R, G143A) was detected. Our results represent an important step towards the establishment of a sensitivity profile for two of the most commonly used QoIs in commercial premixes targeting FHB control.
Effects of elevated air temperature coupling with soil drought on carbohydrate metabolism and oil synthesis during cottonseed development
Authors: Xu Bingjie , Hu Wei , Gao Min , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Youhua , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCotton, as the fifth‐largest oilseed crop, often faces the coupling stress of heat and drought. Still, the effects of combined stress on cottonseed oil synthesis and its closely related carbon metabolism are poorly investigated. To this end, experiments were conducted with two cultivars (Sumian 15 and PHY370WR) under two temperature regimes: ambient temperature (AT) and elevated temperature (ET, which was 2.5°C–2.7°C higher than AT) and three water regimes: optimum soil moisture (soil relative water content [SRWC] at 75% ± 5%), and drought (SD) including SRWC 60% ± 5% and SRWC 45% ± 5%, during 2016–2018. Results showed that ET plus SD decreased cottonseed kernel yield, seed index, kernel weight, and kernel percentage more than either single stress. The content of hexoses, the carbon skeleton source for oil synthesis, was decreased by ET while increased by SD. The combined stress increased the hexose content by increasing the activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) and invertase (Inv, EC 3.2.1.26) and upregulating GhSuSy expression; however, hexose content under combined stress was lower than that under SD alone. Increased oil content under SD was attributed to the high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase, EC 4.1.1.31), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.2), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) activities, whereas the opposite effects were seen under ET. Under combined stress, although ACCase activity decreased, PEPCase and DGAT activities, and GhPEPC‐1 and GhDGAT‐1 expression upregulated, enhancing carbon flow into oil metabolism and triacylglycerol synthesis, ultimately generating higher oil content.
Prosthetic failures in dental implant therapy
Authors: Sailer Irena , Karasan Duygu , Todorovic Ana , Ligoutsikou Maria , Pjetursson Bjarni Elvar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoth fixed and removable implant‐supported prostheses are well‐established methods for replacing missing teeth in partially or fully edentulous patients. Numerous systematic reviews have been performed in recent years to evaluate the survival and complication rates of implant‐retained fixed dental prostheses and implant‐retained overdentures, displaying high 5‐year survival rates ranging from 97.1% for fixed dental prostheses to 95%‐100% for implant‐retained overdentures. However, the survival rates only represent the prostheses remaining in use for a defined follow‐up time, and do not account for the potential prosthetic complications that may have arisen and influence the general success of the implant treatment. The most common technical complications of fixed implant‐retained single crowns are crown fracture, fractures of ceramic implant abutments, and esthetic problems. The predominant technical complication at multiple‐unit, implant‐retained fixed dental prostheses is fracture/chipping of the veneering ceramic. Reported technical complications for implant‐retained overdentures are overdenture fracture or chipping of the veneer materials, whereas mechanical complications include implant fracture, attachment failure, and attachment housing or insert complications. To reduce the risk of such failures, a comprehensive pretreatment diagnostic work‐up is essential, including defining the prosthetic goal with the aid of a wax‐up or set‐up and the associated ideal, prosthetically oriented three‐dimensional implant position. Furthermore, selection of the ideal type of prosthesis, including the respective implant components and materials, is important for clinical long‐term treatment success.
Compensatory growth: Fitness cost in farmed fish and crustaceans
Authors: Py Clara , Elizondo‐González Regina , Peña‐Rodríguez Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFeed restriction in fish and crustaceans is gaining interest due to its unusual acceleration of growth after a feed deprivation period. This phenomenon, known as compensatory growth, allows deprived organisms to reach the weight of never‐stressed counterpart organisms. Since feed is the major economic and ecological burden of fish and crustaceans farming, succeeding to reduce its quantity without loss of production may enhance a sustainable aquaculture development. A wide variety of restriction/feeding protocols, involving differences in nature, duration and intensity, have been tested on aquatic organisms. However, not all of them lead to optimal compensatory growth. Furthermore, before extending this practice to industrial setting, it is essential to assess physiological costs associated with both food restriction and compensatory growth. Indeed, although fish and crustaceans appear to be tolerant to dietary restriction, it involves metabolic, digestive, oxidative and immune changes. Nevertheless, return to basal values is not always achieved through refeeding. Compensatory growth has been observed and described in many taxa; however, physiological mechanisms during this process are poorly understood. On the other hand, the acceleration of growth itself appears to generate physiological consequences in organisms, particularly through the generation of oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the fitness consequences associated with dietary restriction and the subsequent enigmatic compensatory growth in fish and crustaceans.
Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification in Thermal Hydraulics, Freeman Scholar Lecture (2019)
Authors: Rohatgi Upendra S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEngineering problems are generally solved by analytical models or computer codes. These models, in addition to conservation equations, also include many empirical relationships and approximate numerical methods. Each of these components contributes to the uncertainty in the prediction. A systematic approach to judge the applicability of the code to the intended application is needed. It starts from verification of implementation of formulation in the code, identification of important phenomena, finding relevant tests with quantified uncertainty for these phenomena, and validation of the code by comparing predictions with the relevant test data. The relevant tests must address phenomena as expected in the intended application. In case of small size or limited condition tests, the scaling analyses are needed to assess the relevancy of the tests. Finally, a statement of uncertainty in the prediction is needed. Systematic approaches are described to aggregate uncertainties from different components of the code for intended application. In this paper, verification, validation, and uncertainty quantifications (VVUQs) are briefly described.