bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Hole Selective Molecules Containing a Series of Heteroatoms as Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Efficient p‐i‐n Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Park Keun Hyeong , Lee YoungWan , Park Sujung , Faheem Abdullah Bin , Nguyen Hieu Dinh , Siddique Yasir , Lee Kyung‐Koo , Jo Yimhyun , Han Chi‐Hwan , Ahn SeJin , Jeong Inyoung , Cho Shinuk , Kim BongSoo , Park Young S. , Hong Sungjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInverted type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a major focus in academic and industrial photovoltaic research. Their multiple advantages over conventional PSCs include easy processing, hysteresis‐free behavior, high stability, and compatibility for tandem applications. However, the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted PSCs still lags behind those of conventional PSCs because suitable charge‐selective materials for inverted PSCs are limited. In this study, excellent hole‐selective materials for inverted PSCs are introduced. A series of tricyclic aromatic rings containing O, S, or Se, respectively, as a core heteroatom, along with a phosphonic acid anchor, form a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) that directly contacts the perovskite absorber. The influence of heteroatoms in the aromatic structure on the molecular energetics and operating characteristics of the corresponding inverted PSCs is investigated using complementary experimental techniques as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that all of the SAMs formed an energetically well‐aligned interface with the perovskite absorber. The interaction energy between the Se‐containing SAM and perovskite absorber is the strongest among the series and it reduces the interfacial defect density, in turn leading to an extended charge carrier lifetime. As a result, PSCs incorporating the Se‐containing SAM achieves a PCE of 22.73% and retains ≈96% of their initial efficiency after a maximum power point tracking test of 500 h without encapsulation under ambient conditions. All of the SAMs are then employed in organic solar cells (OSCs). Again, the Se‐containing SAM‐based OSCs demonstrates the highest PCE of 17.9% among the three molecular SAM‐based OSCs. This study demonstrates the great potential for precisely engineered SAMs for use in high‐performance solar cells.
Polarization Topology at the Nominally Charged Domain Walls in Uniaxial Ferroelectrics
Authors: Tikhonov Yurii , Maguire Jesi R. , McCluskey Conor J. , McConville James P. V. , Kumar Amit , Lu Haidong , Meier Dennis , Razumnaya Anna , Gregg John Martin , Gruverman Alexei , Vinokur Valerii M. , Luk'yanchuk Igor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFerroelectric domain walls provide a fertile environment for novel materials physics. If a polarization discontinuity arises, it can drive a redistribution of electronic carriers and changes in band structure, which often result in emergent 2D conductivity. If such a discontinuity is not tolerated, then its amelioration usually involves the formation of complex topological patterns, such as flux‐closure domains, dipolar vortices, skyrmions, merons, or Hopfions. The degrees of freedom required for the development of such patterns, in which dipolar rotation is a hallmark, are readily found in multiaxial ferroelectrics. In uniaxial ferroelectrics, where only two opposite polar orientations are possible, it has been assumed that discontinuities are unavoidable when antiparallel components of polarization meet. This perception has been borne out by the appearance of charged conducting domain walls in systems such as hexagonal manganites and lithium niobate. Here, experimental and theoretical investigations on lead germanate (Pb5Ge3O11) reveal that polar discontinuities can be obviated at head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail domain walls by mutual domain bifurcation along two different axes, creating a characteristic saddle‐point domain wall morphology and associated novel dipolar topology, removing the need for screening charge accumulation and associated conductivity enhancement.
Small‐Scale Robotics with Tailored Wettability
Authors: Wang Ben , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Shen Jie , Zhou Xuechang , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin , Pumera Martin , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale robots (SSRs) have emerged as promising and versatile tools in various biomedical, sensing, decontamination, and manipulation applications, as they are uniquely capable of performing tasks at small length scales. With the miniaturization of robots from the macroscale to millimeter‐, micrometer‐, and nanometer‐scales, the viscous and surface forces, namely adhesive forces and surface tension have become dominant. These forces significantly impact motion efficiency. Surface engineering of robots with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functionalization presents a brand‐new pathway to overcome motion resistance and enhance the ability to target and regulate robots for various tasks. This review focuses on the current progress and future perspectives of SSRs with hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications (including both tethered and untethered robots). The study emphasizes the distinct advantages of SSRs, such as improved maneuverability and reduced drag forces, and outlines their potential applications. With continued innovation, rational surface engineering is expected to endow SSRs with exceptional mobility and functionality, which can broaden their applications, enhance their penetration depth, reduce surface fouling, and inhibit bacterial adhesion.
Natural Product Zanthoxylum bungeanum Based Multi‐Functionalized Self‐Polishing Interface for Sustainable Marine Antifouling
Authors: Sun Li , Wang Wei‐Feng , Li Mouji , Zhang Jianbin , Chai Tian , Cao Wenhao , Yan Tao , Zhao Xiaoduo , Yang Wufang , Yu Bo , Huang Guowei , Yang Jun‐Li , Zhou Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConstruction of an anti‐biofouling coating on the surface has been proven to be an effective way to guarantee long‐last anti‐biofouling performance. However, amounts of heavy metal ions will be released, causing irreversible damage to the marine environment. In this work, a series of active components are extracted and isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum), and their anti‐biofouling characteristic and non‐toxic to organisms are demonstrated with anti‐barnacle larvae experiments and anti‐algae tests. Furthermore, a novel resin contained with triclosan is prepared, and different self‐polishing coatings are obtained by combining the pulverized materials of the Z. bungeanum fruit/seeds/leaves with the resin. The surface morphology, mechanical properties and anti‐biofouling performance of the coatings are shown that incorporating the triclosan into self‐polishing acrylic resin can improve broad‐spectrum anti‐biofouling properties, the algae adhesion densities (Amphora sp. and Porphyridium sp.) on the resin are almost to zero. According to the results of surface wettability, water resistance and anti‐biofouling properties tests, it can be concluded that the coating with pulverized Z. bungeanum seeds (CWS) has a hydrophobic surface, it can continuously release antifoulant under seawater, exhibiting excellent anti‐biofouling performances. This work therefore suggests Z. bungeanum can be used as a potential agent for developing environmentally friendly antifouling coatings.
Solvent‐Driven Biomimetic Soft Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Sun Quan , Ayela Cédric , Thuau Damien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe emergence of soft actuators that exhibit large, complex, programmable, and reversible shape deformation is of fundamental interest having potential applications in optics, medicals, and robotics fields. However, existing soft actuators are generally driven by only few given external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, or light which limit their interactions with their surroundings. Here, biomimetic soft actuators that respond to a variety of solvent vapors via programmable motion studied by Finite Element Modeling (FEM) are presented. A versatile micromachining process is used to fabricate these biomimetic soft actuators able to bend, curve, and twist in different manners according to their designs mimicking stamen, seed pots, and petals of Bauhinia variegate and Dendrobium orchids. The kinetic parameters of the transient response and recovery actuation are taken as the input feature in principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate analyte molecules. Finally, to broaden the accessible 3D motions and thus functions of these smart actuators, an origami approach is employed to provide further flexibility and novel controlled structural changes in continuum structures such as snake‐like soft actuators, walkers, and grippers.
Characterization and Biomedical Application Opportunities of the Nanoparticle's Protein Corona
Authors: Li Lu , Jiang Xinchi , Gao Jianqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in a variety of biomedical fields, such as drug delivery systems, novel theragnostic strategies, bioimaging, and biosensing. The protein corona formed by the contact between NPs and biological liquids changes the physicochemical nanoparticle characteristics, including size, shape, and surface statement. Moreover, it affects the biological fate of NPs in organisms, for instance, pharmacokinetic processes and therapeutical efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively identify and quantify the properties of the nanoparticle protein corona. This review focuses on screening the milestones and latest advances of the protein corona, the interaction between NPs and the protein corona, the detection and characterization of the protein corona, and the application of the protein corona in biomedicine. The application section mainly includes three aspects: 1) novel NPs targeting design based on protein corona; 2) personalized protein corona powered precision medicine by integrating multiple strategies, i.e., proteomics and computer science; and 3) opportunities for protein coronas in nanomedicine applications. Collectively, these summaries reveal the significance of the protein corona in nanomedicine and highlight the challenges of studying protein coronas based on nanoparticle properties.
Sodiophilic Current Collectors Based on MOF‐Derived Nanocomposites for Anode‐Less Na‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Huihua , Zhang Huang , Wu Fanglin , Zarrabeitia Maider , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract“Anode‐less” sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with high energy may become the next‐generation batteries due to the abundant resources. However, their cycling performance is still insufficient for practical uses. Herein, a metal organic frameworks (MOF)‐derived copper‐carbon (Cu@C) composite is developed as a sodiophilic layer to improve the Coulombic efficiency (CE) and cycle life. The Cu particles can provide abundant nucleation sites to spatially guide Na deposition and the carbon framework offer void volume to avoid volume changes during the plating/stripping process. As a result, Cu@C‐coated copper and aluminum foils (denoted as Cu‐Cu@C and Al‐Cu@C foil) can be used as efficient current collectors for sodium plating/stripping, achieving, nearly 1600 and 240 h operation upon cycling at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2, respectively. In situ dilatometry measurements demonstrate that Cu@C promotes the formation of dense Na deposits, thereby inhibiting side reactions, dendrite growth, and accumulation of dead Na. Such current collectors are employed in Na metal cells using carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP/C) and copper selenides (Cu2‐xSe@C) cathodes, achieving outstanding rate capability and improved cycling performance. Most noticeably, “anode‐less” Na batteries using Al‐Cu@C as anode and NVP/C as cathode demonstrate promising CE as high as 99.5%, and long‐term cycling life.
Rotor orientation direction controls geometric curvature and chirality for assemblies of motor amphiphiles in water
Authors: Yang Yun‐Han , Qin Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractControl over geometric curvature and chirality of assemblies in pure aqueous media is key to the design of responsive materials and molecular machines. Here we show how aggregate geometric curvature and chirality of motor amphiphiles could be switched from bicontinuous calabashes to nanoribbons or from vesicles to nanoribbons by modulating rotor orientation direction with dual light/heat stimuli to influence spontaneous curvature in assemblies. The photoisomerization and thermal helix inversion processes of molecular motors have been studied at the molecular level, and the transformation of supramolecular assemblies has been investigated at the microscopic level. The morphological evolution of the calabash‐shaped assembly can be kinetically captured, suggesting that the bicontinuous calabash‐shaped structures are different from the bowl‐shaped aggregates based on solvent‐driven assembly upon the addition of non‐solvent or solvent. The investigation of dual optical/thermal control of rotor orientation can provide a new strategy for tuning the geometric curvature and chirality of nanoassemblies at the nanoscale, arriving ultimately the clusteroluminescence through‐space electronic communication at responsive supramolecular nanosystems.
Chilean reference of length at birth
Authors: Figueroa Marcelo Isidro , Martínez Jorge Iván , Román Estela María , Maury‐Sintjago Eduard , Lomaglio Delia Beatriz , Dipierri José Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo generate a reference of length at birth (LB) according to sex and gestational age (GA) of the Chilean population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study used public pooled Chilean newborn (NB) population data registered by the Civil Registry and Identification Service in Chile from 2000 to 2016. Multiple births, entries without information for LB, GA, and sex, and birth lengths <−4SD and > 4SD, were excluded. After applying the selection and randomization criteria, the final sample was made up of 5 010 963 NB (2 560 310 boys; 2 450 653 girls). Length at birth centiles by sex and GA (24–42 weeks) were calculated using the GAMLSS method and then compared with the INTERGROWTH‐21st standard.ResultsGirls had a lower LB than boys. For most GA and in both sexes, the absolute and percentage differences of percentiles as compared with INTERGROWTH‐21st were lower than 1 cm and 1%, respectively.ConclusionsWe present a reference for LB by sex and GA in the Chilean population, developed following updated methodological criteria for neonatal anthropometry, which is acceptably consistent with the INTERGROWTH‐21st standard. The reference we propose may be used in clinical and epidemiological studies to identify either Chilean individuals or populations, respectively, at higher risk of perinatal and infant adverse events related to LB.
Remotely supervised ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous cannulation training: A prospective cohort study examining success rates and patient experience
Authors: Peters Nathan , Thomas Joel , Woods Christine , Rickard Claire , Marsh Nicole 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous cannulation (USGPIVC) benefits patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) through visualising otherwise non‐visible and non‐palpable veins. Supervised live‐case training is an important component of learning this skill, but supervisor availability can present a barrier limiting or delaying staff completing their training.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the first‐attempt success rate of newly trained USGPIVC inserters using remote supervision and timely written feedback based on app‐based screen recordings taken during insertion. Secondary aims were overall procedural success, and inserter and patient experiences.MethodsThis study is an observational cohort study carried out between October and December 2021. Fourteen newly trained junior medical officers (JMOs) were eligible to utilise USGPIVC on a minimum of five consenting patients while simultaneously recording the ultrasound screen during insertion to capture their technique. Feedback was generated following expert review of these recordings against a standardised feedback tool.ResultsAverage first‐attempt success was 71% (n = 72) in the 102 patients recruited. The average time for JMOs to receive feedback was 30 h, and 13 JMOs (93%) felt well supported and completed the remote training pathway. The majority of patients were female (n = 59; 58%), were aged 41–80 years (n = 75; 74%) and had ≥2 risk factors for DIVA (n = 57; 56%).ConclusionsFirst‐attempt success rates were similar when comparing remote supervision used in this study to direct supervision used by other studies.This finding supports incorporating remote supervision into training guidelines for USGPIVC as an alternative method of supervision, particularly when supervisor availability is limited.
Young female with abdominal pain and intra‐abdominal free fluid: The risk of confirmation bias associated with point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: Joyce Laura , Loubser Jacques , de Ryke Rex , McHaffie Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConfirmation bias is an ever‐present risk to the rapid decision‐making required in emergency departments (EDs). We present a case of a young woman who was brought to ED by ambulance with hypotension, syncope and vaginal bleeding, with a presumptive pre‐hospital diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. On arrival in ED, she was found to have intra‐abdominal free fluid on bedside ultrasound. This finding could have been used by clinicians to confirm their suspicion of a ruptured ectopic; however, with further investigations, it was found that anaphylaxis was the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms. This case highlights that point‐of‐care ultrasound findings can play a potentially dangerous role in confirmation bias and that we should maintain an open mind when making a diagnosis by treating the patient, rather than the ultrasound picture.
Siloxane‐Based Organosilicon Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Wang Hualan , Zhang Xiaogang , Li Yan , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSiloxane‐based molecular material, by virtue of its unique chemical structure, thermal and electrochemical properties, has triggered tremendous research interest and sparked a revolution for energy storage in the past years. Siloxanes and their analogues are generally demonstrated to be more environmentally friendly, durable, and safer when employed to reconstruct the nano‐micro surface structure of electrodes, separators, and their interfaces with electrolytes. To better understand the recent and comprehensive achievement of siloxane‐based materials in energy storage, a systematic summary is necessary to provide important clues, aiming at achieving better electrochemical properties. In this Minireview, siloxane materials are presented comprehensively and systematically in terms of molecule design, functionality, and unique superiority for lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. The challenges, perspectives, and future directions of siloxane‐based organosilicon materials are put forward for higher performance and wider application in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Bacterial Avenalumic Acid Biosynthesis Includes Substitution of an Aromatic Amino Group for Hydride by Nitrous Acid Dependent Diazotization
Authors: Kawai Seiji , Hagihara Ryota , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Katsuyama Yohei , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe diazo group is an important functional group that can confer biological activity to natural products owing to its high reactivity. Recent studies have revealed that diazo groups are synthesized from amino groups using nitrous acid in secondary metabolites of actinomycetes. However, genome database analysis indicated that there are still many diazo group‐biosynthesizing enzymes for unknown biosynthetic pathways. Here, we discovered an avenalumic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. RI‐77 by genome mining of enzymes involved in diazo group formation. Through heterologous expression, the gene cluster was revealed to direct avenalumic acid (AVA) biosynthesis via 3‐aminoavenalumic acid (3‐AAA). In vitro enzyme assays showed that AvaA6 and AvaA7 catalyzed the diazotization of 3‐AAA using nitrous acid and substitution of the diazo group for hydride to synthesize AVA, respectively. This study revealed an unprecedented pathway for amino group removal via diazotization.
Simply and effectively control the shell thickness of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles by polyethylene glycol for drug delivery applications
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hoi , Tran Dieu Linh , Truong‐Thi Ngoc‐Hang , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Tran Cam Tu , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study reports for the first time the usage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to control mesoporous shell thickness of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN)—a promising nanocarrier. HMSN was synthesized with hard template method and PEG with different molecular weights and concentrations would be added at the mesoporous coating. The samples dSiO2@MSN synthesized with and without PEG were analyzed DLS, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda to characterize their mesoporous shells. Meanwhile transmission electron microscope, Zeta potential, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, loading capacity, release profile and cytotoxicity analysis was conducted to characterize HSMNs. As PEG's molecular weight or concentration increased, the mesoporous shell thickness gradually raised. Particles synthesized in the presence of 2% PEG 6000 retained the monodispersed spherical morphology with a particle diameter of 95.40 nm and a mesoporous shell thickness of 14.40 nm, which was about 7.0 nm thicker. dSiO2@MSN‐P owned equal mesopore diameter and higher surface area compared to dSiO2@MSN‐0. HMSN‐P showed similar loading capacity but better sustained release profile than HMSN‐0. Moreover, both HMSN‐0 and HMSN‐P performed as biocompatible materials. This study would contribute a simple and effective method to control the shell thickness of HMSN with PEG for drug delivery applications.
Polyacrylic acid ultra‐thin films: Influence of cross‐linking structure via hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced cross‐linking
Authors: Liang Mengfan , Zhu Yan , Xu Run , Wang Junqiang , Cui Jian , Yang Dequan , Nie Heng‐Yong , Lau Woon‐Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe facile technology of hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced cross‐linking (HHIC) has recently been employed to efficiently cross‐link the typical surface modification material of poly acrylic acid (PAA) on polymer substrates, such as polylactic acid substrates, parylene C substrates and hydrophobic polypropylene substrates. This paper systematically studied the HHIC induced self‐cross‐linking of PAA without polymer substrates. It was found that the H was cleaved not only from the CH, but also from the surface functional group COOH, evidenced by both X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement and the water contact angle test. We explained the self‐cross‐linking process as a result of both CC bonding and COOC bonding. Meanwhile, it was also found that PAA on different substrates can also be cross‐linked by secondary electron generated by X‐ray radiation during XPS analysis, which could be the main reason for wide variations of different reported XPS results.