bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification of lithic raw materials used by Mesolithic inhabitants of Los Canes cave (Sierra del Cuera, Eastern Asturias, Spain), and quartz crystallite size of chert as an essential indicator parameter of its provenance
Authors: Marcos Celia , de Uribe‐Zorita María , Fernández Patricia , Álvarez‐Lloret Pedro , Vallejo‐Llano Jorge , Arias Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo types of studies were carried out on the lithic materials found in stratigraphic unit 6 of Los Canes cave used by Mesolithic human groups: (1) quantification of the retouched and nonretouched lithic materials to determine the adaptive strategy in relation to changes in the availability and technology resources and (2) crystallographic/mineralogical characterization of the nonretouched lithic materials using the RGB (R being red, G green, and B blue) code for color, transmission polarization optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and total organic carbon analyses. Cluster and factorial statistical analyses were performed to establish the relationship between samples. The main conclusions extracted are as follows: (1) The mobility of the inhabitants of Los Canes cave may have been very restricted, and they used local raw materials. (2) The inhabitants of Los Canes cave used chert preferentially in the elaboration of different typologies. (3) The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the chert samples from Level 6 of Los Canes cave and those from nearby outcrops are similar. (4) The crystallite size values of the tool cherts (>1000 Å) and the almost complete absence of moganite and chalcedony indicate a high degree of maturity and could belong to the Carboniferous, the period to which the cherts of the outcrops used for comparison also belong.
‘Pushing back’: People newly diagnosed with dementia and their experiences of the Covid‐19 pandemic restrictions in England
Authors: Dixon Josie , Hicks Ben , Gridley Kate , Perach Rotem , Baxter Kate , Birks Yvonne , Colclough Carmen , Storey Bryony , Russell Alice , Karim Anomita , Tipping Eva , Banerjee Sube ,   DETERMIND team
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesResearch into people with dementia's experiences of the Covid‐19 pandemic has tended to focus on vulnerabilities and negative outcomes, with the risk of reproducing a discourse in which people with dementia are positioned as passive. Informed by concepts positioning people with dementia as ‘active social agents’, we aimed to identify the pandemic‐related challenges faced by people recently diagnosed with dementia and examine the ways in which they actively coped with, and adapted to, these challenges.Research Design and MethodsIn‐depth interviews with 21 people recently diagnosed with dementia, recruited through an existing national cohort. Data was analysed thematically using Framework.FindingsKey challenges included reduced social contact, loneliness and loss of social routines; difficulties accessing and trusting health services; dementia‐unfriendly practices; and disparate experiences of being able to ‘get out’ into the physical neighbourhood. People with dementia responded to challenges by maintaining and extending their social networks and making the most of ‘nodding acquaintances’; learning new skills, for communication and hobbies; supporting others, engaging in reciprocal exchange and valuing connection with peers; seeking help and advocacy and challenging and resisting dementia‐unfriendly practices; maintaining and adapting habitual spatial practices and being determined to ‘get out’; and employing similar emotional coping strategies for the pandemic and dementia.ConclusionsSupport for people with dementia, especially during public health crises when carers and services are under pressure, should involve utilising existing capacities, appropriately supporting the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, ‘safety‐netting’ through the availability of a named professional, advocacy and support and use of ‘check‐in calls’ and creating supportive social and environmental circumstances for people with dementia to sustain their own well‐being.
Longitudinal changes in brain activation underlying reading fluency
Authors: Ozernov‐Palchik Ola , Sury Dana , Turesky Ted K. , Yu Xi , Gaab Nadine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReading fluency—the speed and accuracy of reading connected text—is foundational to educational success. The current longitudinal study investigates the neural correlates of fluency development using a connected‐text paradigm with an individualized presentation rate. Twenty‐six children completed a functional MRI task in 1st/2nd grade (time 1) and again 1–2 years later (time 2). There was a longitudinal increase in activation in the ventral occipito‐temporal (vOT) cortex fromtime 1totime 2. This increase was also associated with improvements in reading fluency skills and modulated by individual speed demands. These findings highlight the reciprocal relationship of the vOT region with reading proficiency and its importance for supporting the developmental transition to fluent reading. These results have implications for developing effective interventions to target increased automaticity in reading.
Risk management and communication plans from SARS to COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Recchia Virginia , Aloisi Alessandra , Zizza Antonella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveNowadays, due to globalisation, the likelihood that infectious diseases spread rapidly is extraordinarily high. SARS and COVID‐19 are two diseases of the Coronavirus family, which developed in China and then spread internationally, causing global public health emergencies. This study investigates the role that risk management and communication systems played in mitigating these emergencies, to establish how they should be improved in the future.MethodsA narrative review was carried out to investigate different knowledge domains, such as risk management and communication, risk assessment and indicators, epidemiological and clinical data, diagnostic methods, vaccines, public health and social measures.ResultsOn one side, risk management systems assess the main data, knowledge, and indicators on epidemiology, diagnostics, and vaccines (science‐based); on the other side, they apply public health and social measures (socially‐based). Decision‐makers, in fact, implement their actions by constantly balancing these two sides (policy‐based).ConclusionsA correct crisis management approach should support the governance of pandemics, by harmonising the actual risks assessed by experts with those perceived by the general population. It should incorporate not only the biological, but even the environmental, social and economic aspects of virus emergencies, towards establishing a suitable framework to deal with possible future pandemics.
Analysis of medical resources for allocation equity using traditional Chinese medicine resource as a model
Authors: Li Junshan , Wu Yilin , Lu Yuanan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study is designed to analyse current allocation equity of medical resources in China for a better distribution of medical resources.MethodsDescriptive statistical methods were used to analyse the overall allocation of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources between 2012 and 2018. Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient were used to quantitatively analyse the fairness of the allocation from the population and geography two dimensions.ResultsThis study revealed an increase of TCM resources for the 6‐year period, but the fair allocation of these resources was subjected to the methods used. The Gini coefficients were <0.3 based on population distribution but >0.5 basing on the geography allocation.ConclusionPopulation based analysis for the equity of the TCM resource allocation is superior, more attention for health resource planning is needed to focus on geographical fairness in the future, especially for the less populated rural regions.
Facilitated extinction of conditioned fear responses by delta 9‐tetrahyrdrocannabidol in humans: a pilot study
Authors: Diggs Herman A. , Rabinovich Norka E. , Gilbert David G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to determine whether acute delta 9‐tetrahyrdrocannabidol (THC) administration would facilitate fear extinction in young occasional cannabis users, given that animal models indicate THC facilitates extinction learning, and recent studies indicate THC administration may also enhance threat memory extinction in humans.MethodsOn each of the 2 days, 24+ hour THC‐deprived participants were conditioned to fear visual stimuli in a delay conditioning and extinction paradigm. Both CS+ and CS− were faces of negative emotional valence, with the CS+ paired with mild electric shock. Throughout both conditioning and extinction paradigms, EEG was measured to quantify event‐related potentials for these learning processes. Following conditioning, individuals, in a randomized and counter‐balanced order, smoked either an active THC cigarette (26.25 mg/2.7% THC) or a placebo marijuana cigarette (0.002% THC) on 1 day and the opposite cigarette on the second day. After smoking, CS+ and CS− were presented without shock, resulting in extinction of conditioned fear.ResultsRelative to placebo, THC facilitated extinction of the conditioned response to the CS+, as reflected by reductions in late positive potential amplitude during extinction learning.ConclusionsThe results indicate that acute THC administration may facilitate extinction of the conditioned fear response in humans.
Examining harmful impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and school closures on parents and carers in the United Kingdom: A rapid review
Authors: Christie Hope , Hiscox Lucy V. , Halligan Sarah L. , Creswell Cathy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, school closures meant that for many households, home and school environments became intertwined. Parents and carers found themselves taking on the role as de‐facto educators, as well as balancing working from home and caring for additional members of the household. Understanding the full extent of the effects incurred by parents and carers during school closures is vital to identifying and supporting vulnerable families. This rapid review aimed to appraise the available evidence on the potential effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on UK parents and carers.MethodsSearches for academic literature were conducted using Proquest Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 21st and 28th April 2021 using search terms describing “parents and carers”, “COVID‐19” and the “UK”. Additional literature was identified on relevant parents and carers' organisations websites including charity reports.ResultsThirty‐two articles were found relating to harms affecting parents and carers in the UK High levels of psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, were consistently identified in the general parent population, and especially in parents caring for a child with special educational needs and/or neurodevelopmental disorders (SEN/ND). Charity reports indicated that many parents, especially those from an ethnic minority background and kinship carers, were worse off financially and with food insecurities, whereas empirical evidence showed that mothers were more likely to initiate furlough for themselves compared with fathers or childless women. Domestic abuse support services also reported a sharp rise in demand during lockdown restrictions, and practitioners reported an increase in child and adolescent violence towards parents.ConclusionsGiven the known impacts of parental stress, mental health problems, domestic violence and financial hardship on children's development, it is critical that these findings are taken into account in case of future pandemics to minimise harms both to parents and their families.
“They are here to support me”: Community cultural wealth assets and precollege experiences of undergraduate Black men in engineering
Authors: Tolbert Smith DeLean 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamilies and community networks serve as sources of cultural capital and provide resources that aid the development of Black male engineers. Community cultural wealth (CCW) has been leveraged by engineering education scholars to understand and highlight student and community assets available in communities of color. Little is known about the diverse ways that Black families support engineering education pathways.PurposeThis study characterized the diverse forms of support that Black families and extended family members provided to undergraduate Black men along their precollege engineering pathways.MethodThirteen Black undergraduate men majoring in engineering participated in focus groups at two predominantly White institutions in different regions of the United States.FindingsThe findings suggest that Black parents are engaged in the engineering learning and development of Black males, which opposes the deficit framing of Black parental engagement. The data revealed how the forms of capital overlap. A compelling finding is that capital has a bidirectional nature—meaning that participants described instances of receiving and providing capital.ConclusionsCCW framework provided a lens to explore how Black men were supported by their family networks and how they used capital to maneuver noninclusive engineering environments. The findings substantiate the role of Black parental engagement on engineering education pathways. This work promotes these parental engagement practices as worthy of inclusion in the canons of effective evidence‐based parental engagement strategies that encourage engineering learning and participation.
Plant‐mediated synthesis of silver‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against bacteria cause tooth decay
Authors: Mortezagholi Bardia , Movahed Emad , Fathi Amirhossein , Soleimani Milad , Forutan Mirhosseini Armita , Zeini Negar , Khatami Mehrdad , Naderifar Mahin , Abedi Kiasari Bahman , Zareanshahraki Mehran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, silver‐doped zinc oxide (SdZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in an environmental‐friendly manner. The synthesized NPs were identified by UV–vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO and SdZnO NPs was performed. It was observed that by doping silver, the size of ZnO NPs was changed. By adding silver to ZnO NPs, the antimicrobial effect of ZnO NPs was improved. Antibacterial test against gram‐positive bacterium Streptococcus mutants showed that SdZnO NPs with a low density of silver had higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs; Therefore, SdZnO NPs can be used as a new antibacterial agent in medical applications.Research HighlightsSilver‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using an eco‐friendly synthesis method and their antimicrobial activity against bacteria causing tooth decay was studied.
Robustness test of multiple protection strategies for ecological networks from the perspective of complex networks: Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China
Authors: Lu Yanchi , Liu Yaolin , Xing Lijun , Liu Yanfang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRobustness is the key for strategies to protect ecological network (ENs) against external threats. In this study, we proposed a research framework for robustness testing of EN protection strategies. First, we constructed the ENs of Wuhan Metropolitan Area (WHM) based on the advantages of circuit theory in landscape ecology. We then extended complex network theory to the migration application of ENs. Five protection strategies of ENs were antagonistically combined with multiple attack modes to implement multi‐scenario simulations of attacks on ENs. The robustness parameters of the complex network were applied to measure the effectiveness of EN protection strategies under different attack efficiencies. The results showed that identifying the key performance of ENs makes hierarchical protection of ENs possible. Therefore, when focusing on maintaining the transmission efficiency and global connectivity, or preventing fragmentation of ENs in WHM, we recommend protecting the main trunks of ENs. When focusing on maintaining the backbone connectivity of ENs in WHM, we recommend protecting the main‐secondary trunks of ENs. We argue that specific protection strategies and directions can be determined according to the objectives of ecological construction and the scheme we put forward.
Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Hong Weiqi , Wan Meihua , Zheng Limin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web‐like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: “suicidal” NETosis and “vital” NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell‐free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small‐vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID‐19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll‐like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis‐induced diseases, and NETosis‐targeted therapy.
Printed leaky‐wave antenna with stable gain and reduced cross polarization
Authors: Kumar Birendra , Ghosh Jayanta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA printed leaky‐wave antenna with stable gain and reduced cross‐polarization level is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna has the property of continuous backward‐to‐forward beam scanning with symmetrical scanning. The proposed antenna's unit cell consists of two unequal inclined stubs connected to a microstrip line. The angle between the stubs and their dimensions is designed optimally to obtain improved antenna performance. The antenna provides stable gain with peak gain 14.4 dBi and gain variation 2.55 dBi in the operating band 9.5–15 GHz. The maximum value of cross‐polarization level along the main beam is −30 dB. The design gives a scanning angle of 73° from −36° to +37° through broadside. Another important feature of the proposed antenna is that there is no gain reduction at the broadside radiation.
State of the art review on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures
Authors: Patekar Vivek , Kale Kishor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSandwich composite structures are widely used in various industries namely, aerospace, automotive, packaging, biomedical, civil and electronics due to their high specific strength and energy absorption capabilities. Mechanical properties of sandwich structure depend on material properties of face sheet and core, and strength of face sheet‐core interface. Most commonly used composite materials are carbon fiber reinforced plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ceramic matrix composites, and metal matrix composites. Several researchers have used nano‐fillers namely, nano‐clay, carbon nanotube, and nano‐silica for improvement of mechanical properties of composite structures. In this paper, an extensive literature review has been discussed regarding influence of various material and geometrical parameters on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structure. Initially, influence of various fiber reinforcement and nano‐fillers on mechanical properties are discussed. Then, deformation behavior and mechanical properties of honeycomb core is elaborated. Further, influence of temperature variation on composite structure is discussed. Moreover, crucial insights on reviewed literature are presented and future advancements in the field of sandwich composite structure are discussed.
A nonparametric approach to understanding poverty in the Philippines: Evidence from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Rivera John Paolo Rosales 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDetermining the poverty threshold using a meaningful measure is complex. In this study, we deviated from usual techniques. Instead, we employed a nonparametric approach in conducting a comparative analysis. Using the Philippine Family Income and Expenditure Survey, we estimated national and regional Epanechnikov kernel densities to understand how poverty evolved from 2000 to 2015. Results indicated that improvements in Philippine poverty incidence are attributable to various government poverty alleviation programs and to improvements in the country's economic performance. The consolidated picture of poverty generated prompted a pluralistic approach to poverty alleviation such as attention on agricultural reform and rural development; national industrialization policy; supportive trade, financial, and investment policies; and robust social protection policies. All of which require stakeholder coordination.
Effects of fertilizers and soil amendments on the degradation rate of allyl isothiocyanate in two typical soils of China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Jie , Cao Aocheng , Tang Xiujun , Chen Xinhua , Fang Wensheng , Li Yuan , Yan Dongdong , Wang Qiuxia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil fumigant that protects plants against soil‐borne pathogens, weeds and insects when present in the root‐zone. However, the degradation of AITC under different fertilizers and soil amendments affects its emission and pest control efficacy. Degradation rates of AITC in soil amended with organic and inorganic fertilizers, zeolite and biochar were determined in the laboratory to improve its field applications.ResultsThe degradation half‐lives of AITC were 24.4 and 35.4 h in Fangshan and Yongzhou soils, respectively, without any added fertilizer or soil amendment. Nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer accelerated the degradation rate of AITC, while phosphorus fertilizer had the opposite effect. The degradation rate of AITC on adding unsterilized chicken manure was over 3.5 and 1.1 times higher than that of sterilization in Fangshan and Yongzhou soil. Inorganic and organic fertilizers affected the degradation of AITC by affecting soil microbial activity on the basis of CO2 cumulative release. The degradation rate of AITC increased more than 0.4 times in response to zeolite, but this was independent of particle size. The AITC degradation rate increased 1.0–2.6 and 0.3–9.7 times in response to biochar made from corn stalk and pine wood, respectively. Cow manure biochar manufactured at different pyrolyzation temperatures had different effects on the degradation rate of AITC.ConclusionSoil type, fertilizers and soil amendments differentially affect the degradation rate of AITC by changing soil physicochemical characteristics, microorganisms, etc., which shows great potential in reducing AITC emissions and increasing pest control efficacy when AITC is applied commercially. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.