bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relativistic X-Ray Reverberation from Super-Eddington Accretion Flow
Authors: Thomsen Lars Lund , Dai Lixin , Kara Erin , Reynolds Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
X-ray reverberation is a powerful technique that uses the echoes of the coronal emission reflected by a black hole (BH) accretion disk to map out the inner disk structure. While the theory of X-ray reverberation has been developed almost exclusively for standard thin disks, reverberation lags have recently been observed from likely super-Eddington accretion sources such as the jetted tidal disruption event Swift J1644+57. In this paper, we extend X-ray reverberation studies into the regime of super-Eddington accretion with a focus on investigating the lags in the fluorescent Fe Kα line region. We find that the coronal photons are mostly reflected by the fast and optically thick winds launched from the super-Eddington accretion flow, and this funnel-like reflection geometry produces lag–frequency and lag–energy spectra with unique observable characteristics. The lag–frequency spectrum exhibits a step-function-like decline near the first zero-crossing point. As a result, the magnitude of the lag scales linearly with the BH mass for a large parameter space, and the shape of the lag–energy spectrum remains almost independent of the choice of frequency bands. Not only can these features be used to distinguish super-Eddington accretion systems from sub-Eddington systems, but they are also key for constraining the reflection geometry and extracting parameters from the observed lags. When fitting the observed reverberation lag of Swift J1644+57 to our modeling, we find that the super-Eddington disk geometry is slightly preferred over the thin disk geometry, and we obtain a BH mass of 5–6 × 106
M
☉ and a coronal height around 10 Rg
.
The Second AGILE MCAL Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog: 13 yr of Observations
Authors: Ursi A. , Romani M. , Verrecchia F. , Pittori C. , Tavani M. , Marisaldi M. , Galli M. , Labanti C. , Parmiggiani N. , Bulgarelli A. , Addis A. , Baroncelli L. , Cardillo M. , Casentini C. , Cattaneo P. W. , Chen A. , Di Piano A. , Fuschino F. , Longo F. , Lucarelli F. , Morselli A. , Piano G. , Vercellone S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the results of a systematic search and analysis of GRBs detected by the Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) MiniCALorimeter (MCAL; 0.4–100 MeV) over a time frame of 13 yr, from 2007 to 2020 November. The MCAL GRB sample consists of 503 bursts triggered by MCAL, 394 of which were fully detected onboard with high time resolution. The sample consists of about 44% short GRBs and 56% long GRBs. In addition, 109 bursts triggered partial MCAL onboard data acquisitions, providing further detections that can be used for joint analyses or triangulations. More than 90% of these GRBs were also detected by the AGILE Scientific RateMeters (RMs), providing simultaneous observations between 20 keV and 100 MeV. We performed spectral analysis of these events in the 0.4–50 MeV energy range. We could fit the time-integrated spectrum of 258 GRBs with a single power-law model, resulting in a mean photon index 〈β〉of−2.3. Among them, 43 bursts could also be fitted with a Band model, with peak energy above 400 keV, resulting in a mean low-energy photon index 〈α〉 = −0.6, a mean high-energy photon index 〈β〉 = −2.5, and a mean peak energy 〈E

p
〉 = 640 keV. The AGILE MCAL GRB sample mostly consists of hard-spectrum GRBs, with a large fraction of short-duration events. We discuss properties and features of the MCAL bursts, whose detections can be used to perform joint broad-band analysis with other missions, and to provide insights on the high-energy component of the prompt emission in the tens of mega electron volt energy range.
A Morphological Study of Galaxies Hosting Optical Variability-selected AGNs in the COSMOS Field
Authors: Zhong Yuxing , Inoue Akio K. , Yamanaka Satoshi , Yamada Toru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Morphological studies are crucial to investigate the connections between active galactic nucleus (AGN) activities and the evolution of galaxies. Substantial studies have found that radiative-mode AGNs primarily reside in disk galaxies, questioning the merger-driven mechanism of AGN activities. In this study, through Sérsic profile fitting and nonparametric morphological parameter measurements, we investigated the morphology of host galaxies of 485 optical variability-selected low-luminosity AGNs at z ≲ 4.26 in the COSMOS field. We analyzed high-resolution images of the Hubble Space Telescope to measure these morphological parameters. We only successfully measured the morphological parameters for 76 objects and most AGN hosts (∼70%) were visually compact point-like sources. We examined the obtained morphological information as a function of redshift and compared them with literature data. We found that these AGN host galaxies showed no clear morphological preference. However, the merger rate increased with higher host star formation rate and AGN luminosity. Interestingly, we found ongoing star formation consistent with the typical star-forming populations in both elliptical and spiral galaxies, while these two types of galaxies were more symmetric than normal star-forming galaxies. These results suggest that optical variability-selected AGNs have higher probabilities to reside in elliptical galaxies than infrared-selected AGNs, whose host galaxies have a strong disk dominance, and support recent findings that the AGN feedback can enhance star-forming activities in host galaxies.
Usage Pattern of Medical Information through the <em>ClinicalKey</em> Database among Medical Professionals of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine
Authors: Wadasinghe Chandima , Dilhani M. P. P. 
Published: February 2022

The rapid proliferation of medical information in the present era has important implications for patient care, patient education, and health professionals' research. This research examines the medical information usage pattern through the ClinicalKey database of medical professionals at the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM), Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from June 2019 to June 2021 in the postgraduate trainers and trainees of PGIM. The method used has been based on the access of medical facts available in the ClinicalKey database and a survey conducted on the usage patterns of trainers and trainees of PGIM. The results showed a growing interest in ClinicalKey among the medical professionals at PGIM. The survey showed that the majority of respondents are MD trainees. The major purpose of using resources in ClinicalKey as indicated by the users is for updating knowledge, patient care, diagnosis and treatment. Many medical professionals use the e-book: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases by Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett (9th edition) and uses the journal, Surgery (Oxford). According to the keywords, ‘surgery’ is highly searched for research needs and education purposes. The study shows that medical professionals use e-resources often and spend more time on them. It is found that they use e-resources most frequently at home (48.40%). that medical professionals mostly use laptops to access e-resources of ClinicalKey, followed by tablets. Among satisfaction levels with medical information, 71.4% of the medical professionals were happy with the ClinicalKey e-resources. 14.3% of medical professionals suggested an orientation program regarding the ClinicalKey database.
Tableau clinique de colique néphrétique révélant une malformation vasculaire rénale
Authors: Tomboravo Christian , Ony Narindra Lova Hasina Rajaonarison Ny , Andrianjakamanana Tolojanahary Herizo , Ahmad Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Renal arteriovenous malformation is a rare embryonary’s dysplasia We report the case of a 44-year-old woman, who presented left-sided renal colic Uroscanner did not show any obstructive syndrome of urinary tracts associated with either lithiasis or tumoral syndrome However, it revealed a left renal arteriovenous malformation.
La malformation artério-veineuse rénale est une dysplasie d’origine embryonnaire rare Nous rapportons le cas d’une femme de 44 ans, qui a présenté un tableau clinique de colique néphrétique gauche L’uroscanner ne révélait pas de syndrome obstructif des voies urinaires ni de lithiase ni de syndrome tumoral Par contre, il a montré une malformation artério-veineuse rénale à gauche.
Épilepsie et natation en piscine privée dans les pays en voie de développement, une pratique à haut risque vital : une observation clinique
Authors: Nomo Serge Vivier Nga , Bifouna Christella Raissa Iroume , Njeumji Aristide Gilles Kuitchet , Tamchom Dominique Djomo , Chewa Gisèle Berline , Nkoumou Samson 
Published: February 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain that affects all segments of the population around the world. It is characterized by recurrent seizures manifested by brief episodes of involuntary tremors affecting one part of the body or the whole body. These seizures are the result of excessive electrical discharges from a neuronal population. According to the World Health Organization, 50 million people are currently living with epilepsy worldwide. Almost 80 % of people with epilepsy live in low-income countries The management of this pathology remains difficult in sub-Saharan Africa for various reasons Sports activities, including swimming, are said to be beneficial in children and adolescents with epilepsy. But the practice of these activities is not without vital risk, it must be regulated accordingto the socio-economic, cultural and medical environment We report here a case of drowning in a 10-year-old adolescent girl, epileptic since earlychildhood and who takes depakine as a background treatment She was drowned while swimming in a private pool, following an epileptic seizure. The interest of this presentation is tounderline the need to formulate recommendations adapted to sub-Saharan Africa concerning the practice of certain sports activities, such as swimming in a private pool for adolescents with epilepsy. The second objective is to highlight the importance of the chain of survival in the event of drowning, as a guarantee of the vital prognosis.
L’épilepsie est une affection chronique du cerveau qui touche toutes les tranches de la population dans le monde Selon l’organisation mondiale de la santé, 50 millions de personnes vivent actuellement avec l’épilepsie dans le monde, près de 80% de personnes souffrant d’épilepsie vivent dans les pays à revenu faible. Sa prise en charge demeure laborieuse en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). Les activités sportives, parmi lesquelles la natation, seraient bénéfiques chez les adolescents épileptiques. Mais la pratique de ces activités n’est pas dénuée de risque vital, elle doit être régulée en fonction du contexte socio-economique, culturel et de l’environnement médical. Nous rapportons un cas de noyade chez une adolescente, épileptique depuis la tendre enfance et qui prend la dépakine en traitement de fond Elle a été victime de noyade en piscine privée, à la suite d’une crise d’épilepsie L’intérêt de cette présentation est de souligner la nécessité de formuler des recommandations adaptées à l’ASS au sujet de la pratique de certaines activités sportives à risque, comme la natation en piscine privée pour les adolescents épileptiques Le second objectif est de relever l’importance de la chaine de survie en cas de noyade, comme gage du pronostic vital.
Outcomes of tuberculosis treatment in a tertiary health facility in north-central Nigeria
Authors: Audu E.S. , Adiukwu C.V. , Dick S.N. , Bello S.O. , Aboki D.M. , Ashuku Y.A. , Tomen E.A. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern despite being a curable and preventable disease. The treatment of TB using a cocktail of drugs over a period of six months under the directly observed treatment short-course strategy has led to a reduction in cases but is plagued by some challenges that leads to unsuccessful or poor outcomes, which can ultimately result in spread of infections, development of drug resistance and increase in morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study are to determine outcomes of TB treatment in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria and the factors that may be associated with the outcomes.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study using the medical records of patients who were registered for TB treatment over a five-year period between 2016 to 2020. Data from TB registers including demographic and relevant clinical information, and treatment outcomes, were extracted into a structured data extraction format, and analysed with SPSS version 21.0 software package. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted, and Chi square test was used to determine association between TB outcomes and independent variables at 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 was considered as the significant value.
Results: Records of 1,313 patients were studied, 744 (56.7%) were males while 569 (43.3%) were females. The age range of the patients was ≤ 1 year - 96 years, with a mean age of 30±16.7 years. Most were pulmonary TB cases (88.8%, n=1,166), newly diagnosed (95.5%, n=1254), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative at the time of TB diagnosis (63.7%, n=837). Eight hundred and seven (61.5%) patients had successful treatment, and 34% (n=446) had unsuccessful outcomes made of ‘loss to follow-up’ 25.8% (n=339), deaths 7.8% (n=102) and treatment failure 0.4% (n=5), while 2.3% (n=30) were transferred out and 2.3% (n=30) removed from TB register. Treatment success rate was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary TB (p=0.0024), residents in Lafia LGA (p=0.0005), those treated in 2016 (p=0.0006) and bacteriologically confirmed cases (p<0.0001), while death rate was significantly lower among patients who were HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: TB treatment success rate in this study fell short of the WHO average rate. High rates of ‘loss to follow-up’ and deaths in this study is a wake-up call to all stakeholders in the facility and the State to put in place measures to reduce poor outcomes of TB treatment.
Retinol exerts therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction through regulation of immune inflammatory cells and Cx43 expression
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhong Jiuchang , Yang Xinchun , Guo Zongsheng , Liu Jiamei , Xie Boqia , Zhang Yuan , Wang Xin , Shi Linying , Chen Mulei 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of retinol on cardiac fibroblast proliferation in vitro and on fibrosis formation in mice in vivo.
Methods: Proliferative potential of fibroblasts was determined using cell counting kit-8 assay. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced in mice via ligation of the left side coronary artery. In myocardial tissues, concentration of TNF-α was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay.
Results: Exposure to retinol significantly suppressed cardiac fibroblast proliferation under ischemia, when compared to untreated fibroblasts (p < 0.05). However, exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to retinol did not produce toxicity at a dose of 10 μM under normal conditions. In contrast, exposure to normal levels of oxygen, glutamine and glucose significantly reversed the inhibitory potential of retinol against fibroblasts during ischemia (p < 0.05). Treatment of mice with retinol at a dose of 5 mg/kg reversed the AMI-mediated increase in hydroxyproline level in myocardial tissues. Retinol treatment of AMI mice caused significant elevation in the number of CD31+ capillaries in myocardial tissues. Increase in TNF-α by AMI in cardiac tissues of mice was reversed by treatment with retinol at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The retinol treatment also caused significant reversal of AMI-induced down-regulation of Cx43 protein (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Retinol enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts under ischemic conditions and prevented fibrosis in mice with AMI. Moreover, retinol targeted TNF-α production and upregulated Cx43 expression in myocardial tissues of mice with AMI. Thus, retinol may be useful for the management of myocardial infarction.
Analysis of the effect of the Chinese herbal pair, Semen Persicae–Carthami Flos, on psoriasis using network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Shibo , Lei Jiehao , Song Xiuzu 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the underlying effect of the Chinese herbal pair, Semen Persicae–Carthami Flos (PC), on psoriasis using network pharmacology.
Method: The core components and targets of the Chinese herbal pair were screened using TCMSP and BATMAN databases. Psoriasis disease targets were searched in OMIM and GeneCards databases. The common targets of the herbal pair and psoriasis were identified using a Venn diagram. The component–psoriasis-target network map was constructed using Cytoscape software. Protein interaction analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed on STRING website, R Project, and DAVID 6.8 database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software to predict the binding of herbal pair PC to psoriasis targets.
Results: A total of 45 components and 105 potential targets of PC, as well as 3729 psoriasis-related genes, were screened from the databases. Venn diagram shows that there were 62 common targets of PC and psoriasis. These common targets involved biological processes such as DNA transcription factor receptor binding, cytokine receptor binding, and regulation of molecular function. The targets also involved apoptosis and the advanced glycation end-products (AGE)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. In addition, the main active components of PC spontaneously bound to the targets.
Conclusion: The Chinese herbal pair PC provides an alternative clinical therapeutic strategy for patients with psoriasis.
Therapeutic potential of essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) in a rat model of ethanol-induced peptic ulcer
Authors: Cilingir-Kaya Ozlem T. , Gurler E. Bihter 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of M. quinquenervia extract on ethanol-induced peptic ulcer in rats.
Methods: The following three groups of (n = 6) Sprague Dawley rats were included in this study: vehicle (C), ethanol-administered (E) and ethanol + M. quinquenervia-treated (MQ). MQ group rats received 100 μg/mL M. quinquenervia essential oil just before 96 % ethanol induction (1 ml/kg). One hour after ulcer induction, the animals were euthanized, and gastric and duodenal tissues were removed. Tissue samples were analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and histopathological examinations were performed by light microscopy.
Results: Gastric and duodenal GSH levels that decreased in the ethanol-administered ulcer groups (p < 0.001), rose following MQ treatment (p < 0.5). Moreover, elevated MPO and MDA levels (p < 0.5) in gastric tissues decreased after MQ-treatment. Similarly, the MQ-treated group showed recovery and control-like morphology compared to the ethanol group in both gastric and duodenal tissues when examined by microscopy.
Conclusion: The results indicate that M. quinquenervia extract has a positive impact on gastric injury in rats due to its antioxidant activity. Thus, the plant has a potential for the clinical management of gastric ulcer.
Tetramethyl pyrazine exerts anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease via regulation of the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Nrf2 and GCLC
Authors: Dai Lixing , Diao Ruiqing , Zhang Jinghua , Cao Mengying , Gao Hongli , Tang Bibo 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of tetramethyl pyrazine (TMP) on MPTP)-mediated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative imbalance in mice, and the mechanism of action involved.
Methods: Forty-five mice were assigned evenly to blank control, MPTP and TMP groups. The protein concentrations of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C (Cyt c), Nrf2, GCLC and cleaved caspase-3; and levels of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS) were evaluated and compared amongst the groups.
Results: Cyt c, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in TMP group were significantly lower than those in MPTP group, while Bcl-2 protein expression was higher in TMP group than in MPTP mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TBARS was lower in TMP group than in MPTP group, while GSH level increased, relative to MPTP mice. The levels of Nrf2 and GCLC were significantly higher in TMP group than in MPTP group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Tetramethyl pyrazine exerts anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects on MPTP-mediated Parkinsonism via regulation of the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Thus, TMP has potential for use in the treatment Parkinson’s disease.
A decade of experience in prescribing hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of medication queries in a Saudi drug and poison information center
Authors: Althemery Abdullah U. , AL-Najjar Amal H. , Almalki Mesfer S. , Alfaifi Abdullah A. , Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To analyze drug information queries related to treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), and azithromycin submitted to a local drug and poison information center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This retrospective study explored HCQ-, CQ-, and azithromycin-related inquiries submitted to the Drug and Poison Information Center at the Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These inquiries were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis included the frequency of each request per year, the profession of the requesters, and the source material classification. A thematic analysis was also performed to categorize requests from healthcare professionals.
Results: The Drug and Poison Information Center received 10,685 usable inquiries between 2005 and 2018. There were 160 CQ-, HCQ-, and azithromycin-related queries. Most requests were made by pharmacists (61.25 %). The main sources used to answer the queries were tertiary (92.31 %) and primary (7.69 %) sources. In the dataset, three major topics were identified: administration and dosing, safety, and pregnancy and lactation, each associated with a query subset.
Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of continued education on antimicrobial agents in general, and HCQ, CQ, and azithromycin in particular. The three items have been identified as focus areas that policymakers can us to ensure the quality of future medication prescriptions.