bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Community College Enrollment and Student
Success: Evidence from California Administrative Data
Authors: Bulman George , Fairlie Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper examines how the pandemic impacted the enrollment patterns, fields of study, and academic outcomes of students in the California Community College System, the largest higher-education system in the country. Enrollment dropped precipitously during the pandemic—the total number of enrolled students fell by 11 percent from Fall 2019 to Fall 2020 and by another 7 percent from Fall 2020 to Fall 2021. The California Community College system lost nearly 300,000 students over this period. Our analysis reveals that enrollment reductions were largest among black and Latinx students, and were larger among continuing students than first-time students. We find no evidence that having a large online presence prior to the pandemic protected colleges from these negative effects. Enrollment changes were substantial across a wide range of fields and were large for both vocational courses and academic courses that can be transferred to four-year institutions. In terms of course performance, changes in completion rates, withdrawal rates, and grades primarily occurred in the spring of 2020. These findings of the effects of the pandemic at community colleges have implications for policy, impending budgetary pressures, and future research.
Pleading the Blood
Authors: Black Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although Pentecostals have given much attention to the Breaking of Bread, they have not generally considered it from the perspective of eucharistic sacrifice. Yet, from the earliest days of the history of the church, and with remarkable consistency across the ancient divisions of the church, the Eucharist has been recognised as a sacrifice. This article draws on the significant British Pentecostal concept of pleading the blood, along with the proto-Pentecostal Catholic Apostolic Church, and D.P. Williams’ understanding of the heavenly priesthood of Christ, in conversation with the wider church, to work towards a Pentecostal theology of eucharistic sacrifice, which would also have wider ecumenical potential for Protestant understandings of the Lord’s Supper.
Aristoteles und Demokrit in der Gelehrtenrepublik
Authors: Borghardt Dennis , Rocks Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines Leibniz’s correspondence of the 1660s and 1670s, focusing on the reception of antiquity. The selected letters discuss contemporary natural philosophy. The article argues that Leibniz does not simply refer affirmatively to the ancient philosophers he values (especially Plato, Aristotle, and Democritus), but positions them in the erudite communication of correspondence. In this way, the correspondence projects a synchronicity of ancient and modern natural philosophy, and even depicts a transhistorical res publica lit[t]eraria, in which Aristotle and Democritus are well present.
Supplex Libellus / Aller vnderthenigiste Supplication
Authors: Seidel Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
After the Battle of White Mountain (November 8, 1620), a series of satirical propaganda writings were published against Frederick V of the Palatinate, who had triggered the Thirty Years’ War with his thoughtless takeover of the Bohemian crown. Several of these writings presented themselves as parodic letters of complaint from the ‘Winter King’ to opponents of the war or to (former) allies. In each case, the aim was to ridicule the young monarch’s military inexperience, political ignorance and grotesque hubris. There is a fictitious letter published in both a Latin (Supplex libellus) and German version (Aller vnderthenigiste Supplication) at the beginning of 1621, which was addressed to Emperor Ferdinand II. In complete misjudgment of the military and political situation, Frederick V strives for far-reaching compensation for the defeat he has suffered and has absurd visions in which he even sees himself as a future Roman King. This study first outlines the historical and publicistic context of the letters, then gives a brief summary and finally offers a comparative analysis of the two texts. It pursues a literary approach and investigates the extent to which the satirical intention of the anonymous authors is supported by the choice of letter fiction.
“So pöbelhaft die Sprache in diesem gantzen Briefe ist.”
Authors: Blum Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Letters to the editor in the moral weeklies represent a special form of epistolary practice in the early 18th century, which is examined in this article on the basis of Johann Christoph Gottsched’s Die Vernünfftigen Tadlerinnen. Within the didactic concept of the journal, a fictitious correspondence between the fictitious editors and their supposed readers takes place, contributing to the dialogicity of the piece and suggesting that the magazine is widely perceived. Furthermore, letter-writing is addressed with the aim of improving the written German language and is repeatedly linked to the question of female education. Overall, an affinity between letter-writing guides and the moral weekly is elaborated, which suggests a use of the letter in the course of a popularization of knowledge.
Kritische Felder
Authors: Kittelmann Jana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Johann Jakob Bodmer (1698–1783) belongs to the central figures of the European Enlightenment. Not only with his literary theoretical and aesthetic writings, but especially through his widely ramified network of letters, he played a decisive role in the formation of the literary field of the 18th century. However, so far only a small portion of his Nachlass is accessible in scientific editions. Using selected examples from the correspondence (in part unpublished) between Samuel Gotthold Lange, Johann Georg Sulzer, Martin Künzli and others, this article shows how Bodmer transferred critical discussions and debates conducted in his private correspondence into the public space, contributing to the establishment of the published letter as a genre of criticism in the Enlightenment.
“Ein galanter mensch muß in allem seinen thun natürlich seyn”
Authors: Mevissen Yulia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tracing the history of ‘natural’ style from late 17th century letter writing manuals to Gellert’s reform, this article shows how the ideal of ‘naturalness’ is being derived from the topos of letters as conversations among absentees (sermo absentis ad absentem). The article argues that semantic shifts within the concept of ‘naturalness’ go along with changes in the relationship between letters and publicity. Unlike gallant letters, Gellert’s letters generate their quality of ‘naturalness’ by emphasizing that they were allegedly not intended for an outside audience.
Briefe wider die Freidenker
Authors: Spiekermann Björn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since the middle of the 18th century, the epistolary form was increasingly used as a means of apologetics. Thereby, theologians reacted to the combination of fiction and philosophy, which gave unexpected success to religious criticism from Britain and France – especially to Voltaire. However, the alliance of apologetics and fine literature had limited viability and only lasted for about a generation. These circumstances will be demonstrated by analyzing Johann H. C. Zahn’s Letters to the Freethinkers (1764–1767) in their wider historical context.
Briefe über Briefe
Authors: Axtner-Borsutzky Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sophie von La Roche wrote multiple private and fictional letters. She participated in J. G. Jacobi’s Iris in writing some Freundschaftliche Frauenzimmer⸗Briefe which were that popular that she continued them as a book series. While doing so, she asked her network including Goethe, Wieland and the Jacobis for advice and marketing. In her practice you can see the blurred lines between familiar and public writing in transmitting style and topics accompanied by her advisors. In her own journal Pomona she became an advisory letter writer herself and used the methods of marketing she was told in letters before. In her case supposed private writing leads to more visibility in public.
Protreptik, Lehrbrief, Studienanleitung für Lehrer
Authors: Hanstein Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 1565 the Strasbourg Gymnasium experienced a profound crisis. Rector Sturm contributed this to the lack of understanding of the method he had developed approximately 30 years prior. Thus, Sturm inspected teaching lessons and distributed detailed recommendation letters to teachers. These letters, called the Classicae Epistolae, represent a hybrid genre: as didactic letters they convey a pedagogic-methodical content, while they also contain protreptic elements with Sturm’s calls to implement his recommendations.
Briefpublizistik der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Meierhofer Christian , Spiekermann Björn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This introductory article examines early modern letter-writing in its ambiguous state between private and public communication by providing a few historical and systematic perspectives. From a historical point of view, it can be shown how several humanists tried to outline some characteristics of the public letter with regard to the traditional distinction between public speech and private conversation. The new opportunities marked by the printing press also raised new potentials for writing and publishing letters in terms of a libertas epistolaris. From a systematic point of view, public letter-writing relates to other genres, media and practices. This article therefore aims to distinguish several categories, i. e. rhetoricity and literariness, authenticity and fictionality, exclusiveness and popularity, materiality and mediality. Lastly, the special focus on the public dimensions of letter-writing might help to reconsider general assumptions about its subjectivity and spontaneity since the middle of the eighteenth century.
Précis of Austin’s Way with Skepticism: An Essay on Philosophical Method
Authors: Kaplan Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Austin wrote as if what we say as epistemologists needs to accord faithfully with what we say, and are committed to saying, in ordinary life. The consensus has long been that Austin wrote this way because he simply didn’t understand the nature of the epistemologist’s project. Austin’s Way with Skepticism explains why the consensus is mistaken. The book shows that, far from reflecting a failure on Austin’s part to understand the epistemologist’s project, Austin’s fidelity requirement was born of a powerful critique of how that project has been conceived. The book also provides evidence of just how fruitful an epistemology is to be had, once we take that critique to heart and do epistemology as Austin thought it should be done.
Probability Games, Workshops, and the Social World of International Science Communication
Authors: Atsbeha Ezana Amdework , Holzer Elizabeth , Anagnostou Emmanouil , Block Paul , Alexander Sarah , Negatu Selam Esayas , Kirksey Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Probabilistic thinking underpins a wide range of scientific claims, but effectively communicating probabilistic information across audiences is challenging. In this article, we present a political–institutional approach to science that harnesses the social relationships between the people working as scientists and the public using scientific innovations. First, we show how we learned to use games and local analogies to effectively communicate probabilistic seasonal forecasts of weather and crop yields with farmers, extension workers, and water managers in Ethiopia. Second, we show how workshops—the unglamorous institutional workhorse of international development and scientific enterprises—became warmhearted events when organized around the fundamental fact of social connections between researchers and the community members and between the community members themselves. Scientists in an international scientific collaboration may not be able to become longstanding members of every community, but our approach to workshopping—and to research networks—allowed us to be engidoch (in English, guests), to tap into rich social ties to harness the humor, goodwill, and commitment that is hard to muster when scientists engage with community members as unconnected, nameless “workshop participants.”
On the Changes in Convection-Allowing WRF Forecasts of MCS Evolution due to Decreases in Model Horizontal and Vertical Grid Spacing. Part II: Impacts on QPFs
Authors: Squitieri Brian J. , Jr. William A. Gallus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several past studies have demonstrated improvement in forecasting convective precipitation by decreasing model grid spacing to the point of explicitly resolving deep convection. Real-case convective modeling studies have attempted to identify what model grid spacing feasibly provides the most optimal forecast given computational constraints. While Part I of this manuscript investigated changes in MCS cold pool characteristics with varied vertical and horizontal grid spacing, Part II explores changes in skill for MCS spatial placement, forward speed, and QPFs among runs with decreased horizontal and vertical grid spacing by employing the same WRF-ARW runs as in Part I. QPF forecast skill significantly improved for later portions of the MCS life cycle when decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 3 to 1 km with the part double-moment Thompson microphysics scheme. Some improvements were present in QPFs with higher precipitation amounts in the early stages of MCSs simulated with the single-moment WSM6 microphysics scheme. However, significant improvements were not common with MCS placement or QPF of the entire precipitation swath with either the Thompson or WSM6 schemes, suggesting that the benefit to MCS QPFs with decreased horizontal grid spacings is limited. Furthermore, increasing vertical resolution from 50 to 100 levels worsened WSM6 scheme QPF skill in some cases, suggesting that choices of or improvement in model physics may be equally or more positively impactful to NWP forecasts than grid spacing changes.
Challenges faced when living with schizophrenia in the community: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Gong Jin Wei , Luo Dan , Liu Wen Jia , Zhang Juan , Chen Zi Ru , Wang Qin-Yu , Yang Xin Yi , Yang Bing Xiang , Huang Hai-Shan , Wang Xiao Qin 
Published: August 2022

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. People with schizophrenia have transferred from hospital-based care to community-based care with the support of mental health legal policies. Challenges faced in the community should be emphasized. Limited qualitative studies have explored the challenges of living with schizophrenia. Aims: To explore the challenges of people living with schizophrenia in the community. Methods: A narrative method was used, including semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis approach was used to analyze data. Results: Ten clients and their family members participated in the study. Analysis revealed three main themes related to their challenges in the community: deficits in self-management of illness; insufficient community mental health care; and the influence of policy. These challenges prevent those with schizophrenia from effectively managing their illness, returning to a productive role in society, and improving their quality of life. Conclusions: There are challenges in mental health rehabilitation and social reintegration of individuals with schizophrenia. There is a need for continuous community mental rehabilitation services, appropriate policy support, and the need to educate the public to reduce social bias and discrimination which allows individuals with schizophrenia to assume a productive role in the community.
Microglia: Active participants in brain capillary function
Authors: Dufort Connor , Wang Yangfan , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: August 2022

A recent study by Bisht, Okojie, and Sharma, et al. characterizes a population of capillary-associated microglia (CAM) whose cell bodies are positioned along small blood vessels in the healthy mouse brain. Through elegant, longitudinal intravital imaging of brain vasculature and CAMs, the authors have uncovered the significance of microglia in cerebral blood flow regulation. Further investigation into the functions of this CAM population and how they interact with surrounding cells within the neurovascular unit will improve our understanding of vascular regulation and cerebrovascular diseases.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications Among People Living With HIV in the Era of COVID-19 in Central Ethiopia and Perceived Impact of the Pandemic
Authors: Shimels Tariku , Kassu Rodas A. , Bogale Gelila , Bekele Mahteme , Getnet Melsew , Getachew Abrham , Shewamene Zewdneh , Abraha Mebratu 
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study assessed the level of adherence to antiretroviral drugs and the associated factors among clients who have a follow-up at public health facilities in central Ethiopia. Method: A multi-site cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1–30, 2020 at seven public health institutions. A systematic random sampling method was used to recruit 385 participants. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression model. The OR with its 95% C.I was employed to present analytic outputs. Statistical significance for the multivariable model was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 371 participants, the majority were females (233, 62.8%), attended health centers (215, 58.0%), and were married (173, 46.6%). Eighty-nine (89, 24.0%) of the participants have at least one comorbidity. About 72 (19.0%) and 50 (13.5%) of the respondents stated that the COVID-19 has posed challenges on their follow-ups and availability of medications respectively. Nearly a half of the people living with HIV and comorbid T2DM or hypertension (29, 48.0%) reported that they had encountered an increase in the price of medications compared to the pre-COVID-19 times. About half of the respondents in the study setting have perfect adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (200, 54.0%). Basic education (aOR = 3.02: 95% CI: 1.57–5.80), marriage (aOR = 2.27: 95% CI: 1.24–4.15), attendance to a health center (aOR = 0.59: 95% CI: 0.36–0.98) and sleep disturbance (aOR = 0.47: 95% CI: 0.26–0.84) showed a statistically significant association with adherence to ART. Conclusion: About half of the respondents in the study settings have perfect adherence to their ART medications. As multiple factors interplay in the success rate of adherence to ART, stakeholders should place and strengthen practices, such as active follow-up and tracing of cases, ensuring medication affordability (access and low pricing), and psycho-social support to patients.
P.C. Chang and the Quest for a Global Ethic
Authors: Roth Hans Ingvar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis essay aims to describe and analyse the important contributions of the Chinese philosopher and diplomat P.C. Chang concerning the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (the UDHR). After a brief biographical sketch, Chang's main contributions will be presented and discussed. A study of Chang's contributions in this context may also highlight the ethical potential of the UDHR and its great relevance to global ethics and world politics today.
Application of Rotational Thromboelastometry in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Sabljic Nikica , Pantic Nikola , Virijevic Marijana , Bukumiric Zoran , Novakovic Tina , Pravdic Zlatko , Rajic Jovan , Vidovic Ana , Suvajdzic Nada , Jaradeh Mark , Fareed Jawed , Antic Darko , Mitrovic Mirjana 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Hemorrhagic early death (HED) remains a major cause of treatment failure among patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) for bleeding in patients with APL. Materials and Methods 31 newly-diagnosed APL patients (median age of 40 years; 14 female/17 male) that underwent treatment at the Clinic of Hematology UCCS from 2016-2020 with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracyclines were recruited. CBCs (complete blood count), conventional coagulation tests (CCTs), and ROTEM parameters obtained before treatment initiation were evaluated. Results All patients demonstrated at least one ROTEM parameter out of the reference range. ROTEM parameters associated with significant hemorrhage were EXTEM clotting time (CT) (P = 0.041) and INTEM amplitude 10 (A10) (P = 0.039), however, only EXTEM CT (P = 0.036) was associated with HED. Among CBCs and CCTs, only platelets were associated with significant bleeding (P = 0.015), while D-dimer was associated with both bleeding and HED (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Our results indicate that ROTEM parameters may reveal hypocoagulability in APL patients and have the potential to improve current hemorrhage prognostic methods. Additionally, these results suggest the combination of ROTEM and CCTs might be useful in identifying patients at risk for HED.
Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout Are Related to Psychiatric Nurses’ Antipathy Towards Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)
Authors: Streeto Courtney , Phillips Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Many psychiatric patients engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Despite this, studies show that psychiatric nurses display a stigma toward patients who engage in self-harm, often due to the fact that nurses report a lack of understanding about the behavior. In addition, nurses can struggle with professional quality of life (ProQOL). The purpose of this study was to provide an educational intervention on NSSI and measure its effects on antipathy as well as to determine if ProQOL has an impact on overall antipathy. Methods: A sample of psychiatric nurses was recruited and randomly assigned to either the educational intervention or control group. Both groups took the Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS) and ProQOL-V; the intervention group was asked to repeat the SHAS immediately following an educational video, and the control was asked to repeat the SHAS at least 2 weeks later. Qualitative data were also collected. Results: The ProQOL-V CS subscale and pretest SHAS total scores ( n = 23, r = −0.432, p = .039) and SHAS Needs Function (NF) ( n = 23, r = −0.454, p = .029) showed a significant moderate negative correlation. There was also a significant moderate positive correlation between the ProQOL-V Burnout subscale and SHAS NF pretest scores ( n = 23, r = 0.483, r = 0.02). Conclusions: A relationship between high compassion satisfaction and low antipathy, as well as between high burnout and high antipathy, particularly in the area of understanding the reasons patients self-harm (NF) was found. Educating nurses on the reasons for NSSI may reduce their antipathy. It may also be beneficial to support nurses to prevent burnout.