bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic factors associated with helmet use in pediatric ATV and dirt bike trauma
Authors: Vittetoe Kelly L , Allen Jackson H , Unni Purnima , McKay Katlyn G , Yengo-Kahn Aaron M , Ghani Owais , Mummidi Pradeep , Greeno Amber L , Bonfield Christopher M , Lovvorn Harold N "Bo" 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesRecreational off-road vehicle crashes can produce severe injury and death among children, often from head trauma sustained while riding unhelmeted. Although required for competition, recreational riders commonly forego helmets. This study aimed to identify socioeconomic factors associated with unhelmeted injuries among children riding all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and dirt bikes recreationally, thus informing injury prevention efforts.MethodsA retrospective review was completed of patients younger than 18 years who presented after recreational ATV or dirt bike crash to a single American College of Surgeons-verified level 1 pediatric trauma center (2010–2019). Demographic, injury, and outcome data were collected. US Census data regarding median and per capita income, poverty prevalence, and scholastic graduation rates were recorded for each patient’s home county. Relationships between helmet use at the time of injury, demographics, and socioeconomic variables were examined.ResultsThe cohort comprised 680 injured recreational ATV (n=510; 75%) and dirt bike (170; 25%) riders. Unhelmeted riders (n=450) were significantly older (median age 13 vs 11 years; p=0.008) and more often rode ATVs (n=399). Significantly greater percentages of females (77.9%; p<0.001) and passengers (89.5%; p<0.001) were unhelmeted at the time of injury. Residents of counties with lower median and per capita income, higher poverty prevalence, and lower high school and college graduation rates were significantly more likely to be unhelmeted at the time of their crash (p=0.003). In multivariable analysis, unhelmeted injuries were independently associated with ATV use (OR=6.757; p<0.0001), passenger status (OR=6.457; p<0.0001), and older age (OR=1.219; p<0.0001).ConclusionIn children, ATV use, passenger status, and older age associated independently with unhelmeted riding in recreational vehicle crash. Residence in a county with both lower median income and scholastic graduation rates associated with unhelmeted crashes, and lower median income significantly predicted unhelmeted crashes. This study revealed socioeconomic factors that identify communities with greatest need for injury prevention initiatives.Level of evidenceIII—retrospective comparative epidemiological study.
Crowding competes with trapping to enhance interfacial diffusion
Authors: Cvitković Mislav , Ghanti Dipanwita , Raake Niklas , Smith Ana-Sunčana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiffusion of species on biological membranes or materials interfaces is expected to slow down with an increase in their density, but also due to their intermittent binding to functional moieties or surface-defects. These processes, known as crowding and trapping, respectively, occur simultaneously in a broad range of interfacial systems. However their combined effect on the diffusion coefficients was not studied hitherto. Here, we analytically calculate and numerically validate by Monte Carlo simulations an expression for the diffusion coefficient of a two-dimensional lattice gas in a field of immobilized traps. As expected, trapping and crowding both suppress transport but, surprisingly, the diffusion coefficient is non-monotonous. Namely, increasing gas densities increases trap occupancy while crowding is not overpowering, such that the diffusion reaches a maximum. These results should be relevant to interfacial growth phenomena, as discussed in the context of nascent adhesions in cells.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tai Chi Training in Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Elderly People
Authors: Tan Tianyang , Meng Yanyan , Lyu Jiaxuan L , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Chengchao , Liu Meng , Zhao Xirui , Lyu Tianyi , Wei Yulong 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in elderly people using meta-analysis. Methods. This study used seven electronic databases and data retrieved from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of Tai Chi on CRF in the elderly. All these 24 RCTs were screened and selected from 7 literature databases. The Stata 11.2 software (StataCorp, USA) was used for the meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and bias test, while the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used for the assessment of the risk of bias (RoB). 4 researchers independently participated in sample selection, data extraction, and RoB assessment. Results. Following the inclusion criteria, 24 eligible studies were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that Tai Chi practice significantly increased the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (weighted mean difference (WMD)  = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.25 to 6.26,

P
<
0.1

), leading to an overall reduction in the heart rate (HR) (WMD  = −1.84, 95% CI: −2.04 to −1.63,

P

≤
0.001

) and an increase in the O2 pulse (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.28,

P
≤
0.001

) in individuals who practiced Tai Chi regularly compared with those who did not. The subgroup analysis suggested that overall in those who practiced Tai Chi, males (WMD = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.85 to 2.12,

P
≤
0.001

) had higher O2 pulse than females (WMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.12,

P
≤
0.001

). The subgroup analysis also showed an increase in the vital capacity (VC) (WMD = 316.05, 95% CI: 239.74 to 392.35,

P
≤
0.001

) in individuals practicing Tai Chi. When the samples were further stratified by Tai Chi practicing time, the subgroup analysis suggested that individuals practicing Tai Chi over a period of 24 weeks showed no significant difference in VC (WMD = 82.95, 95% CI: -98.34 to 264.23,

P
=
0.370

), while those practicing Tai Chi over a period of 48 weeks showed a significant increase (WMD = 416.62, 95% CI: 280.68 to 552.56,

P
≤
0.001

). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis demonstrated that the increase in VC is significantly correlated with the Tai Chi practicing time (WMD = 344.97, 95% CI: 227.88 to 442.06,

P
≤
0.001

). Conclusion. Regular Tai Chi practice could improve the CRF in the elderly, as indicated by significant improvement in indicators including VO2max, O2pulse, VC, and HR. However, gender and practice time might influence the overall beneficial outcomes.
Lack of Prognostic Value ofCTNNB1Mutation Profile in Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Bonvalot Sylvie , Bimbai André-Michel , Meurgey Alexandra , Le Loarer François , Salas Sébastien , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Chevreau Christine , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Dubray-Longeras Pascale , Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Guillemet Cécile , Bompas Emmanuelle , Italiano Antoine , Le Cesne Axel , Orbach Daniel , Thery Julien , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Blay Jean-Yves , Mir Olivier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurpose:This prospective nationwide cohort study aimed to investigate desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) outcomes, focusing on the prognostic value of CTNNB1 mutations.Experimental Design:ALTITUDES (NCT02867033) was a nationwide prospective cohort study of DF diagnosed between January 2016 and December 2020. At diagnosis, CTNNB1 molecular alterations were identified using next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS; progression, relapse, or death). We enrolled 628 patients managed by active surveillance, surgical resection, or systemic treatment as first-line therapy.Results:Overall, 516 (82.2%) patients [368 females (71.3%), median age 40.3 years (range, 1–89)] were eligible for analysis. In 435 (84.3%) cases, there was one CTNNB1 molecular alteration: p.T41A, p.S45F, or p.S45P. The first-line management was active surveillance in 352 (68.2%), surgical resection in 120 (23.3%), and systemic treatments in 44 (8.5%) patients. CTNNB1 mutation distribution was similar across the three therapeutic groups. The median follow-up period was 24.7 (range, 0.4–59.7) months. The estimated 3-year EFS rate was 66.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 60.5%–71.2%]. DF harboring p.S45F was significantly associated with male sex (P = 0.03), non-abdominal wall sites (P = 0.05), pain (P = 0.007), and large tumor size (P = 0.025). CTNNB1 p.S45F mutation was not significantly associated with EFS, either in univariate (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.65–1.73; P = 0.81) or in multivariate analysis (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.55–1.49; P = 0.71).Conclusions:We found that CTNNB1 mutation profile was associated with unfavorable prognostic factors but was not a prognostic factor for EFS.See related commentary by Greene and Van Tine, p. 3911
Zumbi e Tiradentes, Calabar
Authors: Hotimsky Nina Nussenzweig 
Published: March 2022

A peça Calabar foi escrita por Chico Buarque e Ruy Guerra em 1973, dirigida por Fernando Peixoto no mesmo ano e censurada às vésperas da estreia. Este artigo analisa aspectos dramatúrgicos e de encenação em Calabar que o ligam diretamente à experiência dos musicais realizados pelo Teatro de Arena após o Golpe Militar de 1964, através do Sistema Coringa sistematizado por Augusto Boal. Investigaremos de que maneira Calabar dá a ver as transformações operadas no teatro musical político brasileiro realizado na década de 1970.
Simultaneous Hemodynamic and Structural Imaging of Ischemic Stroke With Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Arterial Spin Labeling
Authors: Fan Hongli , Su Pan , Lin Doris Da May , Goldberg Emily B. , Walker Alexandra , Leigh Richard , Hillis Argye E. , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: March 2022

Background:

Perfusion and structural imaging play an important role in ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a novel noninvasive method of ASL perfusion that allows simultaneous estimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), bolus arrival time (BAT), and tissue T
1
map in a single scan of <4 minutes. Here, we evaluated the utility of MRF-ASL in patients with ischemic stroke in terms of detecting hemodynamic and structural damage and predicting neurological deficits and disability.

Methods:

A total of 34 patients were scanned on 3T magnetic resonance imaging. MRF-ASL, standard single-delay pseudo-continuous ASL, T
2
-weighted, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Regions of interest of lesion and contralateral normal tissues were manually delineated. CBF (with 2 different compartmental models), BAT, and tissue T
1
parameters were quantified. Cross-sectional linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between MRF-ASL parameters and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine the utility of MRF-ASL in the classification of stroke lesion voxels.

Results:

MRF-ASL derived parameters revealed a significant difference between stroke lesion and contralateral normal regions of interest, in that lesion regions manifested a lower CBF
1-compartment
(
P
<0.001), lower CBF
2-compartment
(
P
<0.001), longer BAT (
P
=0.002), and longer T
1
(
P
<0.001) compared with normal regions of interest. NIHSS scores at acute stage revealed a strong association with lesion-normal differences in CBF
1-compartment,diff
(β=−0.11,
P
=0.008), CBF
2-compartment,diff
(β=−0.16,
P
=0.003), and T
1,diff
(β=0.008,
P
=0.001). MRF-ASL parameters were also predictive of NIHSS score and modified Rankin Scale scale measured at a later stage, although the degree of the associations was weaker. These associations tended to be even stronger when the MRF-ASL data were acquired at the acute/subacute stage. Compared with standard pseudo-continuous ASL, the multiparametric capability of MRF-ASL yielded higher area under curve values in the receiver operating characteristic analyses of stroke voxel classifications.

Conclusions:
MRF-ASL may provide a new approach for quantitative hemodynamic and structural imaging in ischemic stroke.
Minimum spanning tree analysis of brain networks: A systematic review of network size effects, sensitivity for neuropsychiatric pathology, and disorder specificity
Authors: Blomsma N. , de Rooy B. , Gerritse F. , van der Spek R. , Tewarie P. , Hillebrand A. , Otte W. M. , Stam C. J. , van Dellen E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Brain network characteristics’ potential to serve as a neurological and psychiatric pathology biomarker has been hampered by the so-called thresholding problem. The minimum spanning tree (MST) is increasingly applied to overcome this problem. It is yet unknown whether this approach leads to more consistent findings across studies and converging outcomes of either disease-specific biomarkers or transdiagnostic effects. We performed a systematic review on MST analysis in neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies (N = 43) to study consistency of MST metrics between different network sizes and assessed disease specificity and transdiagnostic sensitivity of MST metrics for neurological and psychiatric conditions. Analysis of data from control groups (12 studies) showed that MST leaf fraction but not diameter decreased with increasing network size. Studies showed a broad range in metric values, suggesting that specific processing pipelines affect MST topology. Contradicting findings remain in the inconclusive literature of MST brain network studies, but some trends were seen: (1) a more linelike organization characterizes neurodegenerative disorders across pathologies, and is associated with symptom severity and disease progression; (2) neurophysiological studies in epilepsy show frequency band specific MST alterations that normalize after successful treatment; and (3) less efficient MST topology in alpha band is found across disorders associated with attention impairments.
The modulation effect of sea surface cooling on the eyewall replacement cycle in Typhoon Trami (2018)
Authors: Li Xiangcheng , Cheng Xiaoping , Fei Jianfang , Huang Xiaogang , Ding Juli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The duration of the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in typhoons is determined by the rate of dissipation of the inner eyewall and intensification of the outer eyewall, which is an important indicator for predicting changes in the intensity and structure of typhoons. Previous studies on ERCs have focused on the internal storm dynamics associated with the interactions between the concentric eyewalls (CEs), but the impacts of the sea surface cooling (SSC) on ERCs remain not adequately investigated. The slow movement of Typhoon Trami results in remarkable SSC. Using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model, the simulation for Trami generates an ERC that matches observations, whereas an unrealistic long-lived ERC is produced in the uncoupled simulation. Numerical simulations suggest that the typhoon-induced nonuniform SSC can not only weaken the typhoon, but can also modulate the duration of the ERCs. The SSC acts like a catalyst for triggering the negative feedback between the surface heat exchange and the circulations of Trami to reduce the energy supply to the inner eyewall more severely where the sea surface temperature (SST) dropped more sharply. The SSC works in concert with the interactions between the CEs to weaken the inner eyewall faster, thus terminating the ERC of Trami rapidly. The results indicate that a better understanding of the modulation effect of SSC is required for the accurate forecast of ERCs.
Cortisol and α-amylase awakening response in children and adolescents with functional neurological (conversion) disorder
Authors: Chung Jason , Mukerji Shohini , Kozlowska Kasia 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Stress system dysregulation is considered to have an important role in the aetiology of paediatric functional neurological (conversion) disorder. This study examined salivary cortisol and α-amylase awakening responses in children with functional neurological disorder to determine activation patterns of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic system. A healthy cortisol awakening response involves a robust increase in cortisol within 30 minutes of awakening. Alpha-amylase awakening response is variable in children. Methods: Cortisol and α-amylase were measured in saliva from 32 patients with functional neurological disorder (26 girls and 6 boys, aged 11.3−16.1 years) and 31 healthy controls (23 girls and 8 boys, aged 8.6–17.7 years). Saliva samples were collected using a Salivette sampling device at two time points – upon awakening and 30 minutes after awakening. Results: Patients with functional neurological disorder showed a decrease in cortisol awakening response (–4 nmol.min/L) and controls showed an increase (107 nmol.min/L), t(55) = –.4.6, p < 0.001. Within the functional neurological disorder group, 57% showed an attenuated cortisol awakening response and 43% showed an obliterated/reversed cortisol awakening response: Cortisol awakening response was negatively correlated with adverse childhood experiences, r(58) = –0.6, p = 0.002, and subjective distress (total Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales score), r(58) = –0.4, p = 0.050. In controls, cortisol awakening response showed no correlation with adverse childhood experiences and a positive correlation with subjective distress, r(56) = 0.4, p = 0.023. Total cortisol remained similar between the functional neurological disorder and control group. No significant differences were observed between the functional neurological disorder and control group in any of the α-amylase analyses. Discussion: The results suggest dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in children with functional neurological disorder. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal dysregulation in children with functional neurological disorder may contribute to comorbid symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance and subjective loss of well-being because circadian rhythms and energy metabolism are disrupted. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal dysregulation – and changes in glucocorticoid (cortisol) signalling at the molecular level – may also contribute to increased vulnerability for functional neurological disorder symptoms because of epigenetically mediated changes to neural networks implicated in functional neurological disorder.
Gender Differences in Friendship Values: Intensification at Adolescence
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Dodson Jillian F. 
Published: March 2022

Friendships can provide a critical buffer against stress for youth, but the extent to which they serve this role depends on whether they provide resources that youth value most. These valued provisions may differ for girls and boys and across stages of development. This study examined whether gender differences in friendship values intensify across the adolescent transition, specifically from elementary to junior high school. Youth (73 elementary schoolers; 80 junior high schoolers; Mage = 11.40 years; SDage = 1.55) completed a novel friendship values measure assessing how much youth valued psychological provisions (intimacy, support) and recreational provisions (companionship, enjoyment) in their friendships. Consistent with predictions, results revealed that junior high school girls place higher value on psychological provisions, whereas junior high school boys place higher value on recreational provisions, differences that were less apparent during elementary school. These gender differences in friendship values may have trade-offs for adolescent socioemotional development.
An Objective Measure of Decisional Clarity to Assess Decision Aid Effectiveness in Situations with Equipoise: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Witt Jessica K. 
Published: March 2022

Background Decision aids can help patients make medical decisions, which is especially advantageous in situations with equipoise. However, when there is no correct answer, it is difficult to assess whether a decision aid is helpful. The goal of this research is to propose and validate an objective method for measuring decision aid effectiveness by quantifying the clarity participants achieved when making decisions. Design The measure of decisional clarity was tested in a convenience sample of 131 college-aged students making hypothetical decisions about 2 treatment options for depression and anxiety. The treatments varied with respect to potential benefits and harms. Information was presented numerically or with an accompanying data visualization (an icon array) that is known to aid decision making. Results Decisional clarity was better with the icon arrays. Furthermore, the results showed that decisional clarity can be used to identify situations for which patients will be more likely to struggle making their decision. These included situations for which financial considerations were relevant to the decision and situations for which the probabilities of potential benefits were higher. Limitations The measure of decisional clarity and the situations identified as lacking clarity should be validated with a larger, more representative sample. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that decisional clarity can be used to both empirically evaluate the effectiveness of a decision aid as well as test factors that can cloud clarity and disrupt medical decision making. Implications Researchers and medical providers interested in developing decision aids for situations with equipoise can use decisional clarity as an objective measure to assess the effectiveness of their decision aid. Financial considerations and higher probabilities may also cloud judgments. Highlights An objective measure of decisional clarity is supported. Decisional clarity can be used to evaluate decision aids in the context of equipoise for which there is no objectively correct choice. Decisional clarity can also be used to identify scenarios for which patients are likely to struggle to make a medical decision.
Safety, efficacy, and mid-term oncological outcomes of computed tomography-guided cryoablation of T1 renal cancer
Authors: Duus Louise A , Junker Theresa , Rasmussen Benjamin S , Bojsen Jonas A , Pedersen Allan L , Anthonsen Andrea , Lund Lars , Pedersen Michael , Graumann Ole 
Published: March 2022

Background Cryoablation is a promising minimally invasive, nephron-sparing treatment of small renal carcinoma (RCC) in co-morbid patients. Purpose To assess the safety, efficacy, and cancer-specific outcomes of computed tomography (CT)-guided cryoablation of stage T1 (RCC). Material and Methods A retrospective evaluation of 122 consecutive patients with 128 tumors treated with cryoablation during 2016–2017. All patients had biopsy-verified T1 RCC. Results Median age was 69 years (IQR=59–76); 69% were male. Median tumor size was 26 mm (± 20–33); 9% were stage T1b. Mean follow-up time was 36.3±12.0 months. In total, 14 (11%) procedures led to complications, of which 4 (3%) were intraoperative, 5 (4%) appeared ≤30 days and 5 (4%) >30 days after treatment. Major complications arose after 4 (3%) procedures. Statistically significant associations were found between major complications and stage T1b ( P = 0.039), RENAL score ( P = 0.010), and number of needles used in cryoablation ( P = 0.004). Residual tumor was detected after 4 (3%) procedures and 5 (4%) tumors had local tumor progression. Of 122 patients, 3 (2%) advanced to metastatic disease. Significant statistical associations were found between local tumor progression and T1b stage tumors and number of needles used in cryoablation ( P = 0.05 and P = 0.004, respectively). For patients with T1a tumors, the one- and three-year disease-free survival was 98% and 95%, respectively, and for T1b 100% after one year and 75% after three years. Conclusions This study showed that cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment of stage T1 RCC and suggests that in selecting candidates for cryoablation of RCC, the tumor characteristics are more critical than patients’ baseline health status.