bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary renal glycosuria, diabetes and responses to SGLT2 inhibitor
Authors: Ren Qian , Gong Siqian , Han Xuyao , Ji Linong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo present the clinical features of two rare cases with hereditary renal glycosuria and diabetes, explore their responses to sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and summarize the reported solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2) mutations and related phenotypes.MethodsTwo patients were followed up for 6.5 and 3 years respectively. SLC5A2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1‐alpha (HNF1A) gene were sequenced. We used the flash glucose monitoring system to evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Then we retrieved all the literature and analyzed SLC5A2 gene mutations and the phenotypes.ResultsDuring long‐time follow up, the two patients had frequent unproportional renal glycosuria in the morning even when their fasting serum glucose was only slightly increased. A novel rare mutation V359G and a pathogenic rare mutation ivs7 + 5G > A in SLC5A2 gene were found respectively. In Case 1, the 24 h glucose excretion was 2.2 g/d and increased to 103 g/d after dapaglifozin treatment, whereas the average glucose (6.33 ± 1.56 vs. 6.28 ± 1.74 mmol/L), and time in range (TIR) (95% vs. 93%) were similar. In Case 2, the 24 h glycosuria was 121.4 g/d and increased to 185.8 g/day after dapaglifozin add‐on therapy, with a further reduction of average glucose (9.11 ± 2.63 vs. 7.54 ± 2.39 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and better TIR (70% vs. 84%). We reviewed 139 cases with hereditary renal glycosuria and SLC5A2 gene mutation. The urine glucose was highest in patients with homozygous mutations [64.0(36.6–89.6)g/24 h] compared with compound heterozygous mutations [25.9(14.4–41.2)g/24 h] and heterozygous mutations [3.45(1.41–7.50)g/24 h] (p < 0.001).ConclusionsGenetic renal glycosuria could not protect individuals completely from developing diabetes. Patients with SGLT2 gene mutations are still responsive to the SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
Low back pain presentations to rural, regional, and metropolitan emergency departments
Authors: Davidson Simon R. E. , Kamper Steven J. , Haskins Robin , O'Flynn Michael , Coss Karen , Smiles John Paul , Tutty Amanda , Linton Jane , Bryant Joe , Buchanan Maree , Williams Christopher M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the context of low back pain (LBP) presentations to emergency departments (EDs) by remoteness areas, hospital delineation level and staffing portfolios.DesignA retrospective observational study using routinely captured ED and admission data over a 5‐year period (July 2014–June 2019).SettingsThirty seven EDs across a large health district in NSW, Australia, covering major cities, inner regional areas and outer regional areas.ParticipantsEmergency department (ED) presentations with a principal or secondary diagnosis of LBP based on ICD‐10 code (M54.5).Main outcome measuresED presentation and associated admission measures, including presentation rate, referral source, time in ED, re‐presentation rate, admission details and cost to the health system.ResultsThere were 26 509 ED presentations for LBP across the 5 years. Time spent in ED was 206 min for EDs in major cities, 146 min for inner regional EDs and 89 min for outer regional EDs. Re‐presentation rates were 6% in major cities, 8.8% in inner regional EDs and 11.8% in outer regional EDs. Admission rates were 20.4%, 15.8% and 18.8%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study describes LBP presentations across 37 EDs, highlighting the potential burden these presentations place on hospitals. LBP presentations appear to follow different pathways depending on the ED remoteness area, delineation level and staff portfolio.
Surveying the changing climate of Northern Territory medical workforce retention
Authors: Pendrey Catherine , Quilty Simon , Lucas Robyn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionLow retention is a significant contributor to medical workforce shortages in rural and remote regions of Australia, including in the Northern Territory (NT). Many of these areas are susceptible to climate change, which could exacerbate workforce retention problems.ObjectiveTo examine factors influencing medical workforce retention in the NT, including the potential impact of climate change.DesignCross sectional online survey of NT medical professionals, distributed via email through professional networks. Predominantly quantitative mixed methods (descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression, thematic analysis). Main 2 outcome measures reported were proportion of respondents intending to leave the NT, timeframe of intention to leave and motivating factors.FindingsOf 1407 registered practising medical professionals in the NT, 362 responded who met inclusion criteria (26% estimated response rate) and 351 completed all questions. Of the latter, 143 (41%) intended to leave the NT, 102 (29%) were unsure, and 106 (30%) did not intend to leave. Among doctors in training (DITs) 67 (55%) intended to leave and 29 (24%) were unsure. The best multivariable predictive model included only practice type (with general practitioners/rural generalists and non‐GP specialists significantly less likely to intend to leave compared to DITs), and location of primary medical degree (with non‐NT training non‐significantly associated with greater intention to leave). Of those intending to leave 94 (66%) reported planning to do so within two years. Training and career development opportunities, job dissatisfaction, moving to a preferred location and family‐related factors were all important motivators. Of those considering leaving, 58 (24%) identified climate change as a motivating factor.ConclusionRetention remains a key challenge in addressing rural workforce shortages. In addition to established factors, climate change is an important driver that has the potential to worsen workforce shortages in susceptible regions.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for right colon cancer: A multicenter propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Shiraishi Toshio , Sumida Yorihisa , Takeshita Hiroaki , Hisanaga Makoto , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Hashimoto Shintaro , To Kazuo , Tanaka Kenji , Sawai Terumitsu , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSingle‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for colon cancer is a recent innovation in minimally invasive surgery that can improve short‐term outcome. However, several biases exist in current favorable comparisons of SILS with conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery. Moreover, the oncological outcomes in SILS remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify outcomes following SILS and CL for right colectomy using a propensity score‐matched analysis.MethodsA total of 553 patients underwent curative resection for right colon cancer (58 SILS and 495 CL). After propensity score matching, 58 patients in each group were matched.ResultsBefore matching, median age was younger (p = 0.037) and clinical stage was lower (p < 0.001) in the SILS group. After matching, operation time was shorter (172 versus 193 min, p = 0.007) and blood loss was less (12 versus 20 mL, p = 0.037) in the SILS group. Most of the SILS cases were performed (43.1%) or supervised (51.7%) by an expert surgeon. Median follow‐up duration was 30 and 37 mo in the SILS and CL groups, respectively. Three‐year relapse‐free survival was 92.5% and 92.4% (p = 0.781); and overall survival was 100% versus 98.1% (p = 0.177).ConclusionsUnder the control of expert surgeons, SILS appeared to be a safe and feasible approach and had similar oncological outcomes compared with CL in a propensity score‐matched cohort of patients with right‐sided colon cancer.
Maternal characteristics as indications for routine induction of labor: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goodarzi Bahareh , Seijmonsbergen‐Schermers Anna , van Rijn Maaike , Shah Neel , Franx Arie , de Jonge Ank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal characteristics, such as parity and age, are increasingly considered indications for routine induction of labor of otherwise healthy women to prevent fetal and neonatal mortality. To fully balance the risks and benefits of induction of labor, we examined the association of additional relevant maternal characteristics and gestational age with fetal and neonatal mortality.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study among a healthy Dutch population consisting of all singleton pregnancies in midwife‐led care after 37 weeks of gestation in the period 2000‐2018. We examined the association of maternal ethnicity, age, parity, and socioeconomic status with fetal and neonatal mortality, stratified by gestational age. The association of single characteristics was examined using descriptive statistics, and univariable and multivariable logistics regression analyses. The associations of multiple characteristics were examined using inter‐categorical analyses and using interaction terms in the multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe results showed that ethnicity, age, parity, socioeconomic status, and gestational age did not act as single determinant of fetal and neonatal mortality. The probability of fetal and neonatal mortality differed among subgroups of women depending on which determinants were considered and the number of determinants included.ConclusionsDecision‐making about induction of labor to prevent fetal and neonatal mortality based on a single determinant may lead to overuse or underuse of IOL. A value‐based health care strategy, addressing social inequity, and investing in better screening and diagnostic methods that employ an individualized and multi‐determinant approach may be more effective at preventing fetal and neonatal mortality.
Developmental profiles of schizotypy in the general population: A record linkage study of Australian children aged 11–12 years
Authors: Green Melissa J. , O’Hare Kirstie , Laurens Kristin R. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Dean Kimberlie , Badcock Johanna C. , Harris Felicity , Linscott Richard J. , Carr Vaughan J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe detection of young people at high risk for psychotic disorders has been somewhat narrowly focused on overt symptom‐based markers that reflect mild reality distortion (e.g., psychotic‐like experiences), or prodromal syndromes that are proximal to psychosis onset. The concept of schizotypy represents a broader framework for investigating risk for schizophrenia (and other disorders) in childhood, before the onset of prodromal or overt symptoms. We sought to detect profiles of risk for psychosis (schizotypy) in a general population sample of 22,137 Australian children aged 11–12 years, and to determine early life risk factors associated with these profiles from data available in linked records (registers).MethodsFifty‐nine self‐reported items were used as indicators of schizotypy across six broad domains; z‐scores for each domain were subjected to latent profile analyses (LPA). A series of multinomial logistic regressions was used to examine the association between resulting profile (class) membership and several childhood and parental risk factors, and the proportion of children with mental disorders among each schizotypy profile was examined.ResultsThe LPA revealed three person‐centred profiles referred to as True Schizotypy (n = 1,323; 6.0%), Introverted Schizotypy (n = 4,473; 20.2%), and Affective Schizotypy (n = 4,261; 19.2%), as well as a group of children showing no risk (n = 12,080; 54.6%). Prior exposure to perinatal and familial adversities including childhood maltreatment, as well as poor early childhood development and academic functioning, was variously associated with all risk groups. There was a higher proportion of childhood mental disorder diagnoses among children in the True Schizotypy group, relative to other profiles.ConclusionSubtle differences in the pattern of exposures and antecedents among schizophrenia liability profiles in childhood may reflect distinct pathogenic pathways to psychotic or other mental illness.Practitioner points

Children aged 11–12 years report characteristics of schizotypy which can be classified into three distinct profiles that may represent different pathological processes towards later mental ill‐health.

Early life exposure to perinatal and familial adversities including childhood maltreatment, early childhood developmental vulnerability, and poor academic functioning predict membership in all three childhood schizotypy profiles.

Latent liability for schizophrenia (and potentially other mental disorders) may be represented by different profiles of functioning observable in childhood.
How do dental practitioners, educators and students diagnose and manage caries risk and caries lesions? A COM‐B analysis
Authors: Abreu‐Placeres Ninoska , Newton Jonathon Tim , Avila Viviana , Garrido Luis E. , Jácome‐Liévano Sofia , Pitts Nigel B. , Ekstrand Kim R. , Ochoa Emilia M. , Martignon Stefania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™), a comprehensive, evidence‐informed, best clinical practice system, comprises a 4D cycle: 1D‐Determine risk; 2D‐Detect and assess lesions; 3D‐Decide on a personalized care plan; and 4D‐Do preventive and tooth‐preserving care. The aim of this study was to establish how Colombian dental practitioners, educators and students diagnose and manage caries risk and caries lesions using the COM‐B model and the ICCMS™ system.MethodsA total of 1094 participants (practitioners: n = 277; educators: n = 212; students: n = 605) completed a previously validated 79‐item questionnaire which explores, based on the COM‐B model, the practitioners' self‐reported caries diagnosis and management behaviours. Descriptive statistics, Welch's ANOVAs and multiple linear regressions were computed.ResultsAll groups generally performed the behaviours within the 4‐D categories ‘Most of the time’ to ‘Always’ (students: 4.06 ± 0.95; educators: 3.94 ± 0.98; practitioners: 3.86 ± 1.01). The most frequently performed diagnosis behaviours (1D/2D) were for practitioners assessing initial/moderate lesions (4.09 ± 1.01) and for educators and students cleaning teeth before lesion assessment (4.41 ± 0.80 and 4.38 ± 0.77 respectively). The least frequently performed decision/management (3D/4D) behaviour was non‐operative care for moderate‐caries lesions (when applicable) (practitioners: 2.64 ± 1.23; educators: 2.68 ± 1.17; students: 3.22 ± 1.41). Opportunity (Resources and Relevance) was the best COM‐B predictor for diagnostic behaviours, whereas capability and opportunity (Relevance) were the strongest predictors for management behaviours.ConclusionColombian practitioners, educators and students diagnose and manage caries risk and caries lesions implementing best practice with a high to very high frequency.
Long‐term voice outcomes and quality of life after open partial horizontal laryngectomy type II vs. total laryngectomy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: D’Alatri Lucia , Longobardi Ylenia , Parrilla Claudio , Crudo Fabrizio , Oliveto Giuseppe , Mari Giorgia , Marchese Maria Raffaella , Passali Giulio Cesare , Ausili Cefaro Carolina , Paludetti Gaetano , Galli Jacopo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to analyse long‐term voice outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing open partial horizontal laryngectomy type II (OPHL type II) and to compare them to those obtained by patients undergoing total laryngectomy (TL) with voice prosthesis (VP).DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.SettingPatients undergoing surgery for advanced laryngeal cancer, assessed during the usual follow‐up consultations at the Phoniatric Unit (February 2020‐December 2020).ParticipantsForty‐five patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: OPHL group and TL group.Main outcomes measuresAcoustic analysis, maximum phonation time, INFV0 scale, I‐SECEL, UW‐QoL‐V4 and MDADI questionnaires were used to assess the long‐term outcomes.ResultsVoices of patients undergoing OPHL Type II were worse than those of laryngectomised patients with VP. Nevertheless, scores in voice and dysphagia‐related QoL were comparable and scores in the social domain of QoL were higher in OPHL group.ConclusionsOpen partial horizontal laryngectomy Type II allows an acceptable voice recovery and a satisfactory QoL.
Interaction of N‐methylformanilide with high‐performance polyimide fibre and its effect on dyeing
Authors: Shao Dongyan , Du Jinmei , Xu Changhai , Wang Hongbo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance polyimide fibre is well known for its outstanding thermal stability, fire resistance and chemical stability, and it has great potential for use in fire‐protective textiles. One major drawback of polyimide fibre is that it is difficult to dye under regular conditions. In this work, it was found that polyimide fibre could be dyed with disperse dyes with the assistance of N‐methylformanilide. Thus, it was proposed that there might exist an interaction between polyimide fibre and N‐methylformanilide that plays an important role in dyeing. Experimental results showed that N‐methylformanilide penetrated into polyimide fibre, resulting in a slight swell in diameter and decrease in the breaking strength of polyimide fibre. X‐ray diffractometric data showed no apparent solvent‐introduced increase on the crystallinity of polyimide fibres but an orderly change on the interplanar spacing. When N‐methylformanilide was removed from polyimide fibre by thermal treatment, the diameter, breaking strength and interplanar spacing of the polyimide fibres were all recovered to some extent. This indicated that the interactions between polyimide macromolecular chains were broken because of the penetration of N‐methylformanilide, and new interactions occurred between polyimide macromolecular chains and N‐methylformanilide that played a role in lubricating dye molecules to diffuse into polyimide fibres.
An integrated belowground trait‐based understanding of nitrogen‐driven plant diversity loss
Authors: Tian Qiuying , Lu Peng , Zhai Xiufeng , Zhang Ruifang , Zheng Yao , Wang Hong , Nie Bao , Bai Wenming , Niu Shuli , Shi Peili , Yang Yuanhe , Li Kaihui , Yang Dianlin , Stevens Carly , Lambers Hans , Zhang Wen‐Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBelowground plant traits play important roles in plant diversity loss driven by atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the way N enrichment shapes plant microhabitats by patterning belowground traits and finally determines aboveground responses is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the rhizosheath trait of 74 plant species in seven N‐addition simulation experiments across multiple grassland ecosystems in China. We found that rhizosheath formation differed among plant functional groups and contributed to changes in plant community composition induced by N enrichment. Compared with forb species, grass and sedge species exhibited distinct rhizosheaths; moreover, grasses and sedges expanded their rhizosheaths with increasing N‐addition rate which allowed them to colonize belowground habitats. Grasses also shaped a different microenvironment around their roots compared with forbs by affecting the physicochemical, biological, and stress‐avoiding properties of their rhizosphere soil. Rhizosheaths act as a “biofilm‐like shield” by the accumulation of protective compounds, carboxylic anions and polysaccharides, determined by both plants and microorganisms. This enhanced the tolerance of grasses and sedges to stresses induced by N enrichment. Conversely, forbs lacked the protective rhizosheaths which renders their roots sensitive to stresses induced by N enrichment, thus contributing to their disappearance under N‐enriched conditions. This study uncovers the processes by which belowground facilitation and trait matching affect aboveground responses under conditions of N enrichment, which advances our mechanistic understanding of the contribution of competitive exclusion and environmental tolerance to plant diversity loss caused by N deposition.
Mobility and life satisfaction among wheelchair users: A study using mobile phone data in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Lee Yushin , Oh Seongeun , Cha Jaehyuk , Kim Kwanguk (Kenny) , Lee Sun Young , Kim Hansung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored the association between mobilities and life satisfaction among wheelchair users. Mobilities encompass not only spatial mobility but also motility. Offline and online questionnaires were administered, and a mobile phone application was used to gather GPS data. Motility was measured in terms of the perceived mobility environment, and spatial mobility was measured by the daily travel distance, the average number of edges in daily motif patterns, and the number of trips per week. The results show that the perceived mobility environment and the number of edges in daily motif patterns were positively associated with life satisfaction. However, the spatial range of movement and number of trips had no correlation with life satisfaction. These results suggest that social efforts are needed to improve motility as well as mobility and promote social activity among people with mobility disabilities.
Mass transport in binary TiO2:SiO2 and GeO2:SiO2 direct ink write glasses
Authors: Lange Andrew P. , Sasan Koroush , Bayu Aji Leonardus Bimo , Yee Timothy Y. , Ha Jungmin , Ryerson F. J. , Remulla Gabriela , Dylla‐Spears Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mass transport mechanisms of Ti in TiO2:SiO2 and Ge in GeO2:SiO2 direct ink write, additively manufactured glasses were studied. Due to the low solubility of Ti in SiO2 and high melting point of TiO2 relative to SiO2, Ti transport was found to occur via solid state interdiffusion between adjoining SiO2 and TiO2 precursor particles. The diffusivity of titanium in SiO2 measured over typical sintering temperatures (1000–1300°C) using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was . This provides an estimate of ∼30 nm for the diffusion length under typical sintering conditions (2 h at 1200°C). Although Ti and Ge have similar diffusivities in SiO2 glass at low concentrations, GeO2 was found to be much more mobile during the sintering of printed GeO2:SiO2 green bodies. This was evident in glasses with phase separated GeO2 regions over length scales of ∼10 µm and in experiments involving binary xerogel films in which GeO2 migrated over ∼10 µm through cracked, porous SiO2 layers. Large phase separated regions and long transport lengths in GeO2:SiO2 suggest that the transport of GeO2 occurs prior to the densification of the SiO2 matrix via an alternative mechanism such as capillary flow. These results inform important considerations in the design of index modifying inks for the direct ink write process, namely initial precursor phase, mutual solubility with the base SiO2 glass, and mass transport throughout the sintering process.