bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical, Clinical, and Radiological Outcomes Analysis of Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies Cases: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Ahmad Ansari Mohd , Mohd Faheem , Singh Deepak Kumar , Kumar Raj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes analysis of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies cases.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 43 CVJ anomalies cases, which were surgically managed at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from period between June 2015 and June 2019. They were analyzed for age, sex, clinical characteristics, radiological diagnosis, and treatment given. Patient's clinical and radiological status was assessed pre- and postoperatively during time of discharge and at 6 months of follow-up. For clinical assessment we used visual analogue scale (VAS) and Nurick grading system. Radiological assessment was done by atlantodental interval (ADI), craniobasal angle, and craniometric lines. Overall outcomes were depicted as favorable, stabilized, and mortality at 6 to 18 months (mean 12.69 ± 3.77) of follow-up.
Results The age range of our cases was 7 to 71 years (mean 29.93 ± 17.39). Male-to-female ratio was 2.91:1. Majority of the cases were presented with neck pain (n = 38; 88.37%), motor weakness (n = 35; 81.40%), and sensory deficits (n = 25; 58.14%). Congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (n = 31; 72.09) was the most common CVJ anomaly. Clinically, there were significant improvements in VAS (p = 0.001) and Nurick grade (p = 0.007) postoperatively. Radiologically, ADI (p = 0.003) had decreased, clivus canal angle (p = 0.005) become less acute, and odontoid process (p = 0.003 for McRae's line) goes downwards in postoperative period. Bony fusion was achieved in 41 (95.35%) cases. Out of 43, 73% cases had favorable outcomes, 21% were stabilized, and mortality was seen in 2.33% cases at 6 months (mean ± standard deviation = 12.69 ± 3.77) of follow-up.
Conclusion Proper preoperative evaluation and selection of individualized surgical technique was the key for excellent clinical and radiological outcomes with minimal complications.
Characterisation of internal oxygen concentration of strawberry (
Authors: Xiao Zeyu , Tyerman Stephen D. , Stait-Gardner Timothy , Price William S. , Pagay Vinay , Schmidtke Leigh M. , Rogiers Suzy Y. 
Published: December 2022

Gas exchange mechanisms play crucial roles in maintaining fruit post-harvest quality in perishable fruit such as strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The internal oxygen concentration ([O2]) of strawberry and blueberry were measured using Clark-type oxygen sensing electrodes. The volume of intercellular voids in strawberry was obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In both berries, internal [O2] was consistent and relatively high across measured tissues. The overall [O2] was well above the Michaelis constant (Km) for cytochrome c oxidase in both fruit and different from previously examined grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry mesocarp with near zero minimum [O2]. In strawberry and blueberry, cell vitality was also maintained at full maturity in the mesocarp. Higher storage temperature (i.e. 20 vs 4°C) reduced internal [O2] of strawberry. Pedicel detachment in blueberry was associated with greater fruit dehydration and lower internal [O2] after short-term storage of 12 h. The results suggest that the intercellular voids of the fruit’s mesocarp provide an efficient gas exchange route for maintaining high fruit internal [O2] post-harvest.
Two-dimensional quantum universality in the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnet Na
2
BaCo(PO
4
)
2
Authors: Sheng Jieming , Wang Le , Candini Andrea , Jiang Wenrui , Huang Lianglong , Xi Bin , Zhao Jize , Ge Han , Zhao Nan , Fu Ying , Ren Jun , Yang Jiong , Miao Ping , Tong Xin , Yu Dapeng , Wang Shanmin , Liu Qihang , Kofu Maiko , Mole Richard , Biasiol Giorgio , Yu Dehong , Zaliznyak Igor A. , Mei Jia-Wei , Wu Liusuo 
Published: December 2022

An interplay of geometrical frustration and strong quantum fluctuations in a spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (TAF) can lead to exotic quantum states. Here, we report the neutron-scattering, magnetization, specific heat, and magnetocaloric studies of the recently discovered spin-1/2 TAF Na
2
BaCo(PO
4
)
2
, which can be described by a spin-1/2 easy axis XXZ model. The zero-field neutron diffraction experiment reveals an incommensurate antiferromagnetic ground state with a significantly reduced ordered moment of about 0.54(2)
μ
B
/Co. Different magnetic phase diagrams with magnetic fields in the
a
b
plane and along the easy
c
-axis were extracted based on the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and elastic neutron-scattering results. In addition, two-dimensional (2D) spin dispersion in the triangular plane was observed in the high-field polarized state, and microscopic exchange parameters of the spin Hamiltonian have been determined through the linear spin wave theory. Consistently, quantum critical behaviors with the universality class of
d
= 2 and
ν
z
= 1 were established in the vicinity of the saturation field, where a Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of diluted magnons occurs. The newly discovered quantum criticality and fractional magnetization phase in this ideal spin-1/2 TAF present exciting opportunities for exploring exotic quantum phenomena.
Gravitational wave signals in an Unruh–DeWitt detector
Authors: Prokopec Tomislav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe firstly generalize the massive scalar propagator for planar gravitational waves propagating on Minkowski space obtained recently in van Haasteren and Prokopec (2022 arXiv:2204.12930 [gr-qc]). We then use this propagator to study the response of a freely falling Unruh–DeWitt detector to a gravitational wave background. We find that a freely falling detector completely cancels the effect of the deformation of the invariant distance induced by the gravitational waves, such that the only effect comes from an increased average size of scalar field vacuum fluctuations, the origin of which can be traced back to the change of the surface in which the gravitational waves fluctuate. The effect originates from the quantum interference between propagation on off-shell detector’s trajectories which probe different spatial gravitational potential induced by the gravitational backreaction from gravitational waves, and it is therefore purely quantum. When resummed over classical graviton insertions, gravitational waves generate cuts on the imaginary axis of the complexΔτ-plane (whereΔτ=τ−τ′denotes the difference of proper times), and the discontinuity across these cuts is responsible for a continuum of energy transitions induced in the Unruh–DeWitt detector. Not surprisingly, we find that the detector’s transition rate is exponentially suppressed with increasing energy and the mass of the scalar field. What is surprising, however, is that the transition rate is anon-analytic functionof the gravitational field strain. This means that, no matter how small is the gravitational field amplitude, expanding in powers of the gravitational field strain cannot approximate well the detector’s transition rate. We present numerical and approximate analytical results for the detector’s transition rate both for circularly polarized and for polarized monochromatic, unidirectional, gravitational waves.
Vector boson oscillator in the near-horizon of the BTZ black hole
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Dogan Semra Gurtas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigate the interaction of a generalized vector boson oscillator with the near-horizon geometry of the Bañados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole and try to determine the corresponding quasibound state frequencies. To do this, we seek an analytical solution of the relativistic vector boson equation, derived as an excited state of Zitterbewegung, with Cornell-type non-minimal coupling in the near-horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole. The vector boson equation includes a symmetric spinor of rank two and this allows to obtain an analytical solution of the corresponding equation. By imposing appropriate boundary conditions, we show that it is possible to arrive at a relativistic frequency (ω) expression in the form of

. Our results show that real (

) and damped (

) oscillations depend on the parameters of the background geometry, coefficients of the non-minimal coupling and strength of the oscillator. This allows us to analyse the effects of both non-minimal coupling and spacetime parameters on the evolution of the considered vector field. We discuss the results in details and see also that the background is stable under the perturbation field in question.
Narrow-line cooling of 87Rb using 5S

1/2→

6P

3/2

open transition at 420 nm
Authors: Das Rajnandan Choudhury , Shylla Dangka , Bera Arkapravo , Pandey Kanhaiya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A magneto-optical trap (MOT) at narrow transition offers lower temperature and hence is the key for producing a high phase density atomic cloud and subsequently quantum degeneracy with a large number of atoms for many elements. In this paper, we describe the loading of 87Rb atoms in the MOT using a narrow open transition (5S

1

/

2

→

6P

3

/

2

) at 420 nm (i.e. blue MOT) from the routinely implemented MOT using a broad cyclic transition (5S

1

/

2

→

5P

3

/

2

) at 780 nm (i.e. IR MOT). Using the four times narrower transition, we have trapped around 108 atoms in the MOT with a typical temperature of around

54

μ

K. We have also studied the behavior of the blue MOT with various parameters such as hold time, detuning, and power of trapping and repumper beams.
Evidence of lattice strain as a precursor to superconductivity in BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3
Authors: Bharath M , Brar Jaskirat , Pant Himanshu , Ali Asif , Bansal Sakshi , Singh Ravi Shankar , Bindu R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the precursor effects to superconductivity in BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 using temperature dependent resistivity, x-ray diffraction technique and photoemission spectroscopy. The present compound exhibits superconductivity around 11 K (

T

C

). The synthesis procedure adopted is much simpler as compared to the procedure available in the literature. In the temperature range (10 K–25 K) i.e. above

T

C

, our results show an increase in both the orthorhombic and tetragonal strain. The well screened features observed in Bi and Pb 4

f

7

/

2

core levels are indicative of the metallic nature of the sample. The compound exhibits finite intensity at the Fermi level at 300 K and this intensity decreases with decrease in temperature and develops into a pseudogap; the energy dependence of the spectral density of states suggests disordered metallic state. Furthermore, our band structure calculations reveal that the structural transition upon Pb doping results in the closing of the band gap at the Fermi level.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on 2D time-frequency images and data augmentation technique
Authors: Fu Wenlong , Jiang Xiaohui , Li Bailin , Tan Chao , Chen Baojia , Chen Xiaoyue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It confronts great difficulty to apply the traditional rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods to adaptively extract features conducive to fault diagnosis under complex operating conditions, and obtaining numerous fault data under real operating conditions is difficult and costly. To address this problem, a fault diagnosis method based on two-dimensional time-frequency images and data augmentation is proposed. To begin with, the original one-dimensional time series signal is converted into two-dimensional time-frequency images by continuous wavelet transform to obtain the input data suitable for two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN). Secondly, data augmentation technique is employed to expand labeled fault data. Finally, the generated and original fault data are served as training samples to train the fault diagnosis model based on CNNs. Experimental studies are conducted on standard and real-world datasets to validate the proposed method and demonstrate its superiority over the traditional methods in detecting bearing faults.
Effectiveness of the simulation-based learning (SBL) assisted with scaffolding approach to address students’ misconceptions about projectile motion
Authors: Fongsamut Kanokkarn , Tanasittikosol Monsit , Phaksunchai Mingkhuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research studied the effectiveness of the simulation-based learning assisted with scaffolding approach to address students’ misconceptions (MCs) about projectile motion. The five MCs were related to the direction of the force acting on an object (MC1), the acceleration of an object at the top of the trajectory (MC2), the directions of velocity and acceleration during projectile motion (MC3), the time of flight of objects (MC4), and the relationship between the range of projectile motion and angle of projection (MC5). This study was a pre-experimental design using both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample comprised 35 tenth-grade Thai high school students who were chosen using the cluster sampling technique. The teaching method consisted of three steps: a briefing, simulation, and debriefing. Each step was assisted with scaffolding to guide and help the students. The MCs tests consisted of five multiple-choice questions with a four-tier diagnostic test, and the tests were used as a pre-test, end-of-class test, and end-of-topic test. Six semi-structured interview questions were used to obtain in-depth data. The results indicated that MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 were addressed by 11.1%, 85.7%, 57.2%, 57.2%, and 61.5%, respectively, at the end-of-topic test. Students who had MCs in the pre-test changed their understanding of the concepts in MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 by 57.1%, 14.3%, 28.6%, and 53.8%, respectively. None of the MC students in MC1 understood the concept at the end-of-topic test. Nevertheless, the overall results showed increased students’ understanding of all conceptions.
Spectral CT reconstruction via low-rank representation and structure preserving regularization
Authors: He Yuanwei , Zeng Li , Xu Qiong , Wang Zhe , Yu Haijun , Shen Zhaoqiang , Yang Zhaojun , Zhou Rifeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective: With the development of computed tomography (CT) imaging technology, it is possible to acquire multi-energy data by spectral CT. Being different from conventional CT, the X-ray energy spectrum of spectral CT is cut into several narrow bins which leads to the result that only a part of photon can be collected in each individual energy channel.This can severely degrade the image qualities. To address this problem, we propose a spectral CT reconstruction algorithm based on low-rank representation and structure preserving regularization in this paper. Approach: To make full use of the prior knowledge about both the inter-channel correlation and the sparsity in gradient domain of inner-channel data, this paper combines a low-rank correlation descriptor with a structure extraction operator as priori regularization terms for spectral CT reconstruction. Furthermore, a split-Bregman based iterative algorithm is developed to solve the reconstruction model. Finally, we propose a multi-channel adaptive parameters generation strategy according to CT values of each individual energy channel. Main results: Experimental results on numerical simulations and real mouse data indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher accuracy on both reconstruction and material decomposition than the methods based on simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), total variation minimization (TVM), total variation with low-rank (LRTV), and spatial-spectral cube matching frame (SSCMF). Compared with SART, our algorithm improves the feature similarity (FSIM) by 40.4% on average for numerical simulation reconstruction, whereas TVM, LRTV, and SSCMF correspond to 26.1%, 28.2%, and 29.5%, respectively. Significance: We outline a multi-channel reconstruction algorithm tailored for spectral CT. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons present a significant improvement of image quality, indicating its promising potential in spectral CT imaging.
Effect of detector geometry and surface finish on Cerenkov based time estimation in monolithic BGO detectors
Authors: Maebe Jens , Vandenberghe Stefaan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Time-of-flight positron emission tomography based on bismuth germanate (BGO) detectors is made possible due to fast emission of Cerenkov light. Only around 17 Cerenkov photons are produced per 511 keV photoelectric event, making high photon collection efficiency crucial for obtaining good time-of-flight capabilities. In this study, we investigate how different lateral and back surface finishes affect the photon collection efficiency and Cerenkov based timing performance in monolithic BGO. Approach. The study is performed using GATE for gamma and optical photon modeling, with surface reflections of photons simulated by the LUT Davis model. We compare for different detector configurations (regarding size and surface finishes) the photon collection efficiency, detection delays of the first few optical photons and coincidence time resolution estimations obtained by modeling the SiPM signals and performing leading edge discrimination. An additional comparison is made to LYSO scintillators and pixelated detectors. Main results. Although Cerenkov photon emission is directional, many high incidence angle Cerenkov photons are emitted due to electron scattering in the crystal. Substituting a polished back (photodetector side) surface for a rough surface increases the collection efficiency of these high angle of incidence photons. Results show that for a monolithic 50 × 50 × 12 mm3 BGO detector with reflective side surfaces, this leads to an overall increase in photon collection efficiency of 34%. Cerenkov photon collection efficiency is also improved, resulting in a reduction of the photon detection delays (and the variation therein) of the first few optical photons. This leads to a better coincidence time resolution, primarily achieved by a shortening of the tails in the time-of-flight kernel, with an 18% reduction in full width at tenth maximum. Significance. This study shows the importance of the photon collection efficiency for timing performance in Cerenkov based monolithic detectors, and how it can be improved with different surface finishes.
TOPAS simulations of the response of a mini-TEPC: benchmark with experimental data
Authors: Bianchi Anna , Selva Anna , Reniers Brigitte , Vanhavere Filip , Conte Valeria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Microdosimetry offers a fast tool for radiation quality (RQ) verification to be implemented in treatment planning systems in proton therapy based on variable LET or RBE to move forward from the use of a fixed RBE of 1.1. It is known that the RBE of protons can increase up to 50% higher than that value in the last few millimetres of their range. Microdosimetry can be performed both experimentally and by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. This paper has the aim of comparing the two approaches. Approach. Experimental measurements have been performed using a miniaturized Tissue equivalent proportional counter developed at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics with the aim of being used as RQ monitors for high intensity beams. MC simulations have been performed using the microdosimetric extension of TOPAS which provides optimized parameters and scorers for this application. Main results. Simulations were compared with experimental microdosimetric spectra in terms of shape of the spectra and their average values. Moreover, the latter have been investigated as possible estimators of LET obtained with the same MC code. The shape of the spectra is in general consistent with the experimental distributions and the average values of the distributions in both cases can predict the RQ increase with depth. Significance. This study aims at the comparison of microdosimetric spectra obtained from both experimental measurements and the microdosimetric extension of TOPAS in the same radiation field.
Improved stellar limits on a light CP-even scalar
Authors: Balaji Shyam , Dev P.S. Bhupal , Silk Joseph , Zhang Yongchao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We derive improved stellar luminosity limits on a generic light CP-even scalar field S mixing with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson from the supernova SN1987A, the Sun, red giants (RGs) and white dwarfs (WDs). For the first time, we include the geometric effects for the decay and absorption of S particles in the stellar interior. For SN1987A and the Sun, we also take into account the detailed stellar profiles. We find that a broad range of the scalar mass and mixing angle can be excluded by our updated astrophysical constraints. For instance, SN1987A excludes 1.0 × 10-7 ≲ sinθ ≲ 3.0 × 10-5 and scalar mass up to 219 MeV, which covers the cosmological blind spot with a high reheating temperature. The updated solar limit excludes the mixing angle in the range of 1.5 × 10-12 < sinθ < 1, with scalar mass up to 45 keV. The RG and WD limits are updated to 5.3 × 10-13 < sinθ < 0.39 and 2.8 × 10-18 < sinθ < 1.8 × 10-4, with scalar mass up to 392 keV and 290 keV, respectively.
Correction of the Temperature Effect of Muon Counts Observed at the Guangzhou Station
Authors: Xu Cao-Long , Wang Yang , Qin Gang , Zuo Ping-Bing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Muons are the main component of secondary cosmic rays, and the variation in muon intensity indicates the variation in primary cosmic ray intensity. However, before using muons to study the variation in the intensity of cosmic rays, it is necessary to eliminate the atmospheric effects, such as pressure and temperature effects. In this work, the temperature effect of the muons is corrected in terms of empirical method by using ground temperature. The temperature correction is applied to the muon data observed at the Guangzhou station during the period 2010–2021 after a barometric correction. It is found that the effect of seasonal variations in temperature on muon counts is greatly eliminated in the corrected data. Furthermore, the muon data are well correlated with the neutron data in comparison, which verifies the reliability of the corrected muon data. Our results show that the correction of muon data by using ground temperature is an effective method.
Anisotropic thermal expansion in high-entropy multicomponent AlB2-type diboride solid solutions
Authors: Monteverde Frédéric , Gaboardi Mattia , Saraga Federico , Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William , Hilmas Gregory 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High-entropy (HE) ultra-high temperature ceramics have the chance to pave the way for future applications propelling technology advantages in the fields of energy conversion and extreme environmental shielding. Among others, HE diborides stand out owing to their intrinsic anisotropic layered structure and ability to withstand ultra-high temperatures. Herein, we employed in-situ high-resolution synchrotron diffraction over a plethora of multicomponent compositions, with four to seven transition metals, with the intent of understanding the thermal lattice expansion following different composition or synthesis process. As a result, we were able to control the average thermal expansion (TE) from 1.3 × 10−6 to 6.9 × 10−6 K−1 depending on the combination of metals, with a variation of in-plane to out-of-plane TE ratio ranging from 1.5 to 2.8.