bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring How to Enhance Care and Pathways Between the Emergency Department and Integrated Youth Services for Young People With Mental Health and Substance Use Concerns.
Authors: Glowacki Krista , Whyte Madelyn , Weinstein Jade , Marchand Kirsten , Barbic David , Scheuermeyer Frank , Mathias Steve , Barbic Skye 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Integrated youth services (IYS) provide multidisciplinary care (including mental, physical, and social) prioritizing the needs of young people and their families. Despite a significant rise in emergency department (ED) visits by young Canadians with mental health and substance use (MHSU) concerns over the last decade, there remains a profound disconnect between EDs and MHSU integrated youth services. The first objective of this study was to better understand the assessment, treatment, and referral of young people (ages 12-24 years) presenting to the ED with MHSU concerns. The second objective was to explore how to improve the transition from the ED to IYS for young people with MHSU concerns. Methods: We conducted semi-structured one-on-one video and phone interviews with stakeholders in British Columbia, Canada in the summer of 2020. Snowball sampling was utilized, and participants (n=26) were reached, including ED physicians (n=6), social workers (n=4), nurses (n=2), an occupational therapist (n=1); a counselor (n=1); staff/leadership in IYS organizations (n=4); mental health/family workers (n=3); peer support workers (n=2), and parents (n=3). A thematic analysis (TA) was conducted using a deductive and inductive approach conceptually guided by the Social Ecological Model.Results: We identified three overarching themes, and factors to consider at all levels of the Social Ecological Model. At the interpersonal level inadequate communication between ED staff and young people affected overall care and contributed to negative experiences. At the organizational level, we identified considerations for assessments and the ED and the hospital (wait times, staffing issues, and the physical space). At the community level, the environment of IYS and other community services were important including wait times and hours of operation. Policy level factors identified include inadequate communication between services (e.g., different charting systems and documentation). Conclusions: This study provides insight into important long-term systemic issues and more immediate factors that need to be addressed to improve the delivery of care for young people with MHSU challenges. This research supports intervention development and implementation in the ED for young people with MHSU concerns.
Effects of Nanocellulose on the Structure of Collagen: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Umbrella Sampling
Authors: Ning Lulu , Ma Huaiqin , Shi Qingwen , Li Xuhua , Ren Junli , Li Zhijian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Collagen-nanocellulose composites have been widely used in biomedicine and tissue engineering. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the effects of nanocellulose on the structure of collagen hasn’t been elucidated. As the main component of skin tissue, the conformational disturbance of collagen triggered by nanocellulose may shed light on the biocompatibility of nanocellulose. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to gain insights into the interactions between nanocellulose and collagen. Four different crystal planes of cellulose ((110), (100), (1-10), (010)) have been constructed and the adsorption of collagen onto the four faces has been investigated respectively. It has been found that the structure of collagen remained intact during the binding without chain separation. The intactness of collagen supported the point that the nanocellulose has good biocompatibility. The results derived from umbrella sampling showed that (110) and (1-10) faces exhibit the strongest affinity with collagen, which may be attributed to its hydrophilicity and rather flat surfaces. The hydrophobicity of (100) face and roughness of (010) face diminished the affinity with collagen. The occupancy of hydrogen bonds was low and hydrogen bonding interactions fail to make significant contributions to the binding of nanocellulose and collagen. These findings provided insights into the interactions between cellulose and collagen at an atomic level, which may guide the design and fabrication of collagennanocellulose composites. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of nanocellulose validated in the study may help promote the biological application of nanocellulose involved composites.
Predictive Ability of The Sflt-1/Plgf Ratio for the Development of Perinatal Complications
Authors: Martino Daniela Denis Di , Sabattini Elisa , Giardini Valentina , Tinè Gabriele , Sterpi Vittoria , Lonardoni Mariachiara , Acampora Eleonora , Parasiliti Marco , Ramezzana Ilaria , Radaelli Tatjana , Ossola Manuela Wally , Stampalija Tamara , Vergani Patrizia , Ferrazzi Enrico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) of vascular placental origin are two main pregnancy complications associated with an increased incidence of poor outcomes. These conditions are both characterized by vascular dysfunction and syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as an index of oxidative stress could be a valid diagnostic tool for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes in high risk population.
Methods
We recruited women affected by HDP, classified according to fetal growth or with isolated FGR. Women with an uneventful pregnancy were recruited as control group. Ultrasound data and sera sample were collected at recruitment. Perinatal complications were the main outcome of this diagnostic study. A survival analysis, a logistic regression model with all covariates and a predictive model based on a Random Forest and a Mean Decrease Gini index were performed.
Results
We recruited 350 consecutive singleton pregnancies. The 90 patients who suffered of perinatal complications had a significantly higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (267.2±271.2) at recruitment than those who did not (57±93.5), (p <0.001). Survival curves censored by prevalence of perinatal complications were significantly associated with sFlt-1/PlGF ratio reported risk groups (p<0.0001). The logistic regression including all recorded clinical biophysical diagnostic data and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio showed that for each 10-unit increase in the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio the chance of developing perinatal complications increased of 6% (OR 1.006; CI 95% 1.004-1.009; p <0.001). The Predictive Model, using only variables known at the time of recruitment, achieved a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% (p <0.001), and according to the Mean Decrease Gini index the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was ranking first.
Conclusion
sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, at the time of recruitment, proved to be a useful tool for predicting perinatal complications in a cohort with all of hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction, as a marker of syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress, independently from the cause of the placental imbalance.
The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance in Human Monocytes
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yu , Chang Ya-Ying , Jean Wei-Horng , Lu Cheng-Wei , Shieh Jiann-Shing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to toll-like receptor 4 induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leads to inflammatory pathologies. An immunosuppression status develops together with LPS-induced inflammation named LPS tolerance, which refers to downregulation of LPS signaling after pre-exposure of LPS, providing protection against hyperactive inflammation. During LPS tolerance, production of cytokines is mitigated, and phenotype of immune cells is altered. Magnesium is a crucial micronutrient, and used as an anti-inflammatory agent in clinical. Though the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium through inhibiting LPS signaling has been demonstrated, the effect of magnesium on LPS tolerance remains unknown. In this study, we investigated modulation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on LPS tolerance. To induce LPS tolerance, THP-1 cells (a human leukemia monocyte cell line) were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/ml, 2 hours) after pre-exposure of LPS (200 ng/ml, 24 hours) with or without pretreatment of MgSO4 (20 mM, 24 hours). Proliferation, morphological changes, adherence or TNF-α release, as well as the capacity of migration or phagocytosis were studied. From our results, MgSO4 mitigated TNF-α release by LPS-tolerant cells. MgSO4 also strengthened the inhibitory effect of LPS tolerance on proliferation or morphological changes. Besides, MgSO4 enhanced LPS tolerance-triggered upregulation of migration, but not phagocytosis. In summary, MgSO4 enhances LPS tolerance and alters activities of LPS-tolerant monocytes. Our findings addressed the role of MgSO4 in immune system, and also provided evidence for a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of MgSO4.
Vorinostat Reverses Paclitaxel Resistance Induced by SIRT6 Upregulation Through Enhancing Autophagy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Dongfang , Wang Jing , Sun Yifeng , Lu Liming , Gao Wen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Major obstacle to improve the lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) patients’ prognosis is the acquired chemoresistance.
Materials and methods

we investigated the clinical significance of SIRT6, which plays a key role in the resistance to paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Firstly, we detected the expression and localization of SIRT6, then explored the inhibitory effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat) on paclitaxel-resistant squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, and determined the role of autophagy in reversing the paclitaxel-resistance induced by SIRT6 upregulation.
Results

SIRT6 improved significantly in L-SCC patients than that in lung adenocarcinoma (L-AD); the expression of SIRT6 was higher in advanced stage patients than in early stage (P<0.001); finally we found that SIRT6 might promote paclitaxel resistance via upregulating TGF-β; and vorinostat could reverse paclitaxel resistance in L-SCC through enhancing autophagy.
Conclusion

SIRT6 might be one useful prognostic biomarker and represent a novel target to overcome the chemoresistant L-SCC patients.
Evaluation of LDL Subfractions and Lipid Biomarkers in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Saruhan Ercan , Ispir Emre , Basaran Yalcin , Akbaba Eren , Tosun Kursad , Aslan Mutay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Gestational diabetes that occurs during pregnancy leads to changes in lipid metabolism. It was aimed to determine the levels of LDL subfractions, betatrophin, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), and paraoxonase activity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and compare with the healthy pregnant controls.Methods: This prospective case-control study included 41 women separated into two groups as GDM, and the pregnant controls. Serum levels of betatrophin and GPIHBP1 were measured by ELISA kits. LDL subfraction analysis was performed electrophoretically by using the Lipoprint LDL subfraction kit. Serum paraoxonase activity was determined using photometric paraoxonase assay kit.Results: Serum betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with GDM compared to the pregnant controls (p < 0.001). Higher levels of LDL6 subfraction and smaller mean LDL size was also found in GDM patients. No significant difference was found in PON1 activity.Conclusion: Betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. These biomarkers should be assessed in the postpartum period with long-term clinical outcomes such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of Plot Size on Spatial Patterns and Inter-specific Associations of Dominant Tree Species in Secondary Picea Forest
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Cui Yuhua , Han Youzhi , Guo Yang , Zhang Zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The variety of plot area has an impact on the estimation of spatial parameters. However, accuracy of tree species pattern and inter-specific association is closely related to the estimation of spatial parameters. Based on this, we used different plot sizes, unabridged plot and combined plot to explore the impact of plot size on species spatial pattern and inter-specific associations. 4-ha reference plot of secondary Picea forest was divided into 4 complete 1-ha plots, 10 combined 1-ha plots, and 16 0.25-ha plots. According to the importance value, the tree species were divided into four tree groups, namely Picea, Larix principis, Betula, and other broadleaf trees. K2 index was used to analyze the spatial pattern and inter-specific correlation, and the agreement of these spatial indicators between subplots and reference plot were quantified with agreement index. The results show that: 1) the values of agreement observed that combined 1-ha > unabridged 1-ha > 0.25-ha, and variability order was opposite; 2) under the same plot size, agreement with reference plot was affected by different tree groups or group pairs; 3) decrease of plot size had a significant impact on the accuracy of interspecific correlation. This study may have reference value for improving the spatial distribution pattern and inter-specific association of tree species in small-scale sampling plots.
Epidemiological Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children Over the Four COVID-19 Waves and Correlation with Clinical Presentation
Authors: Alteri Claudia , Scutari Rossana , Costabile Valentino , Colagrossi Luna , Rosa Katia Yu La , Agolini Emanuele , Lanari Valentina , Chiurchiù Sara , Romani Lorenza , Markowic Anna , Bernaschi Paola , Russo Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Bernardi Stefania , Campana Andrea , Villani Antonio , Perno Carlo Federico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since the start of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, children aged ≤12 years have always been defined as underrepresented in terms of SARS-CoV-2 infections’ frequency and severity. By correlating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics with clinical and virological features in 612 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients aged ≤12 years, we demonstrated a sizeable circulation of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages over the four pandemic waves in paediatric population, sustained by local transmission chains. Age <5 years, highest viral load, gamma and delta clades positively influence this local transmission. No correlations between COVID-19 manifestations and lineages or transmission chains are seen, except for a negative correlation between B.1.1.7 and hospitalization.
Political Economy Analysis of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Asem Livingstone 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Over years, stakeholder control over the implementation process of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) has been underestimated. As a result, stakeholder influence has not been effectively organized to achieve the global target of 80% or more for the uptake of 3 plus doses of IPTp-SP. This study aimed to explore the influence of stakeholders on the implementation of IPTp-SP policy.
Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders purposively identified in the region. Data was transcribed, coded and themes were developed from the responses using Atlas ti 8.
Results
The primary actors identified in the implementation of IPTp-SP policy include; interest groups, bureaucracies, financial decision-makers, political leaders, policy beneficiaries, and donors. It was discovered that activities such as the formation of mother support groups help to educate women in their communities to use IPTp-SP policy and soliciting timely feedback from policy recipients positively influences the uptake of the IPTp-SP policy. Whilst stakeholder activities like the failure of the ministry of health to provide practical proof on the possible consequences of IPTp-SP policy, the command-and-control tactics of controlling from the national level, the unclear budget delivery, and spending, and uncoordinated donor activities negatively affect the IPTp-SP policy implementation.
Conclusions
For a successful IPTp-SP policy implementation, implementers must understand and address all rivalry, resistance, and collaboration among the various actors controlling the IPTp-SP policy implementation.
Sımılarıty Measurement of Fuzzy Entropıes of Respıratory Sounds and Rısk Measurement Accordıng to Credıbılıty Dıstrıbutıons
Authors: Şanlıbaba İbrahim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we have provided some definitions and theorems about fuzzy set, fuzzy set operations, the uncertainty theory used in fuzzy environments, and the credibility theory which exists on the base of the mathematical knowledge. Then, the definition and applications of fuzzy set operations, fuzzification, defuzzification, similarity, credibility distribution were included in diagnostic medicine. Sounds of respiratory patients were transferred to computer by recording and converted into numerical data. In particular, the entropies, similarities, credibility distributions, expected values of sounds were analyzed using fuzzification and defuzzification methods to analyze respiratory sound data via fuzzy operations and to make sense of uncertain sound data. As the uncertainty of respiratory sounds increased, changes in fuzzy entropy similarity measures and expected credibility values were observed. In addition, a model for uncertain respiratory sounds was created and numerical numbers supported the diagnosis of the physician. Sound data were analyzed and interpreted using fuzzy multipurpose decision methods. Respiratory sounds were shown to be an indicator in diagnosing with the created model.
A multiple technology-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents: randomized controlled trial study protocol for Chicas Fuertes
Authors: Larsen Britta , Greenstadt Emily , Olesen Brittany , Osuna Lilliana , Godino Job , Marcus Bess , Dunsiger Shira , Meyer Dawn , Zive Michelle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Latina adolescents report some of the lowest rates of physical activity of any demographic subgroup; this is paralleled by a markedly higher lifetime risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions related to inactivity. Despite this, to date no fully powered clinical trials have tested physical activity interventions specifically for this population. High use of mobile technologies (including text messages, smartphone apps, and social media) suggest this could be an appropriate intervention channel, while also having potential for broad reach. This paper describes the protocol for Chicas Fuertes, a fully powered randomized trial of a mobile technology-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents. Methods: We plan to recruit 200 Latina teens (age 13-18) currently engaging in ≤150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to be assigned 1:1 to the intervention or control groups. Those randomly assigned to the intervention receive a one-on-one goal setting session followed by six months of mobile technology-based intervention, including a personalized website, Fitbit activity tracker and app, individually tailored text messages based on Fitbit data, and daily intervention content on Instagram. Those randomized to the control group receive only a Fitbit activity tracker. The main outcome is change in weekly minutes of MVPA from baseline to six months, measured both objectively (ActiGraph accelerometers and Fitbit Inspire HR) and subjectively (7-Day Physical Activity Recall Interview). Additional outcomes are maintenance of activity change at 12 months, changes in psychosocial constructs, including social support and self-efficacy, engagement with mobile technology channels, and costs of intervention delivery. We are also examining potential mediators and moderators of the intervention. Efficacy of the intervention is analyzed using a mixed effects regression model, adjusting for any potential confounders not balanced by randomization. All analyses of accelerometer measured MVPA are also adjusted for wear time. Discussion: The Chicas Fuertes trial uses widely available mobile technologies to target a critical health behavior, physical activity, in Latina teens, a population with high lifetime risk of lifestyle-related diseases. Results will speak to the efficacy and acceptability of the intervention, which has potential for broad dissemination. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190225, Registered November 20, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04190225
Role of Autophagy in Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients on Antiviral Treatment
Authors: Sadidoost Atefeh , Lankarani Kamran B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Despite antiviral treatment, there are patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who progress to cirrhosis. Enhancement of autophagy has been implicated in the proliferation of hepatitis B in hepatocytes. This study was designed to evaluate the role of autophagy in the progression of liver fibrosis in patients on antiviral therapies and negative viral load. Methods: Patients on anti-hepatitis B nucleotide treatments for at least two years and had not been cirrhotic at baseline but who later developed cirrhosis were identified. For the control group, patients who were on the nucleotide regimens and did not have cirrhosis at baseline or follow-up were randomly selected from our registry. Serum Beclin-1 and LC3 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests were compared between two groups. Results: Beclin-1 level was higher in those with cirrhosis, but no statistical difference was seen for the level of LC3. Conclusion: Autophagy may have a role in progression to cirrhosis in patients with CHB. Future prospective studies are required to find the effect of blockage of autophagy on liver disease progression in this group.
Conformational Changes in Light-Harvesting Complex II Trimer Depending on Its Binding Location
Authors: Kim Eunchul , Kubota-Kawai Hisako , Kawai Fumihiro , Minagawa Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In green plants, the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) trimer functions as a major antenna complex to the photosystem II (PSII) complex and a quencher to protect it from photooxidative damage. Theoretical studies on the structure of the LHCII trimer have demonstrated that excitation energy transfer between chlorophylls (Chls) can be modulated by its exquisite conformational fluctuation. However, the conformational changes in the LHCII trimer depending on its binding location have not yet been investigated, even though protein-protein interactions tend to lead conformational changes. In this study, we investigated the conformational changes in LHCII by analyzing an identical LHCII trimer comprising three different photosystem supercomplexes—PSII–LHCII supercomplexes (C2S2 type and C2S2M2L2 type) and PSI–LHCI–LHCII supercomplex—from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Consequently, the distinct differences in Chl configurations as well as polypeptide conformations of the LHCII trimers were detected based on where LHCII binds. Our analysis of the configurational factors between Chls suggests that these configurational changes lead to higher light-harvesting compatibilities in the PSII–LHCII supercomplex (C2S2M2L2 type) and PSI–LHCI–LHCII supercomplex. This study suggests a fine-tuned mechanism of energy transfer dynamics in LHCII trimers by regulation of protein-protein interactions.