bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia for mild neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Liu Xini , Chen Xuechun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy benefit significantly from therapeutic hypothermia, with reduced risk of death or disability. However, the need for therapeutic hypothermia for mild neonatal encephalopathy (NE) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to provide evidence supporting therapeutic hypothermia for term or near term neonates with mild NE, including findings of recent long-term outcome studies, as well as novel adjunctive therapies to augment neurodevelopmental outcomes for neonates with NE who receive therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods:
Two independent researchers performed a systematic literature search in different electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Center Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Medline, Ovid, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Database without any restrictions of languages and date. Two reviewers will screen the records and include quality studies according to inclusion criteria independently. Two reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included studies by the “Risk of Bias Assessment Tool” of the Cochrane Handbook for randomized controlled trials. Statistical analysis will be performed with Review Manager software 5.3.

Results:
A synthesis of current evidence of therapeutic hypothermia for treating mild NE will be provided in this protocol.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of therapeutic hypothermia in mild NE.
Successful treatment of a patent urachus concurrent with pyocele in a newborn
Authors: Kang Susie , Imura Erika , Kim Yoo-Jin , Yoon Shin Ae , Lee Ji Hyuk , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
A patent urachus is a rare congenital anomaly that atypically presents as an umbilical cord cyst or large umbilical cord. Here we describe a case of a giant umbilical cord cyst in a newborn diagnosed as a patent urachus.

Patient concerns:
A male infant with a birth weight of 3260 g was transferred because of an antenatally diagnosed giant umbilical cord cyst accompanied by yellowish discharge and granulation in the umbilical cord after birth.

Diagnoses:
Patent urachus

Intervensions:
The patent urachus was treated by excision of the urachal remnant followed by partial cystectomy.

Outcomes:
Postoperative orchitis with pyocele occurred and was treated with a course of antimicrobial therapy; and no other complications developed.

Lessons:
Newborns with a giant umbilical cord or umbilical cord cysts should be examined for possible accompanying urachal anomalies, even if antenatal ultrasound shows no other suspicious findings, to prevent delayed diagnosis and subsequent complications.
Clinical impact of pretreatment albumin–globulin ratio in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Jian-Ying , Liu Gang , Pan Liang-Zhi , Hu Min , Zhu Zhong-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Accumulating evidence have revealed that pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) may be a predictor of prognosis among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, these findings are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment AGR in CRC.

Methods:
A systematic meta-analysis was conducted by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.

Results:
A total of 9 studies with 7939 patients were finally included. Low pretreatment AGR was associated with worse overall survival (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.60–2.67, P < .001) and disease-free survival/progress-free survival (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–3.31, P = .001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled correlation did not alter these results. Moreover, low pretreatment AGR were associated with elderly patients, tumor diameter (≥50 mm), tumor node metastasis stage (III–IV), depth of tumor (T3–4), and CA19-9 (>37 U/mL).

Conclusion:
The present meta-analysis suggests that low pretreatment AGR was associated with advanced clinicopathological features and worse prognosis, suggesting AGR is a useful prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
Chondroma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Kao Kuo-Wei , Cheng Weiming , Chang Yi-Chin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Chondromas are benign tumors comprising cartilaginous tissue that commonly occur in the small bones of the hands and feet. Chondromas are extremely rare in extraskeletal soft tissues, and only six cases of bladder chondromas have been reported thus far.

Patient concerns:
A 75-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and urinary symptoms, including increased frequency and a weak stream.

Diagnosis:
Cystoscopy revealed a well-defined bladder mass over the anterior bladder wall. The pathology report showed neoplastic chondrocytes within the hyalinized and focal myxoid matrix, and immunopositivity for S-100, leading to the seventh known diagnosis of bladder chondroma.

Interventions:
The tumor was endoscopically resected. The postoperative stay was uneventful, and 5 days later, the patient was discharged after the removal of the urinary catheter.

Outcomes:
One month after surgery, repeated cystoscopy showed no recurrence of the bladder tumor, and the patient reported improvement in urinary symptoms and relief of lower abdominal pain.

Lessons:
Chondromas of the urinary bladder can present as urinary symptoms and abdominal pain in older patients. Transurethral resection is the treatment of choice.
Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in pathological T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ling , Peng Kaiming , Han Ziyan , Yu Shaobin , Huang Zhixin , Xu Hui , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Endoscopic resection is increasingly used to treat patients with pathological T1 (pT1) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) because of its small surgical trauma. However, reports of the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) have been controversial. Therefore, we aim to build a nomogram to individually predict the risk of LNM in pT1 ESCC patients, to make an optimal balance between surgical trauma and surgical income.
One hundred seventy patients with pT1 esophageal cancer in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Logistic proportional hazards models were conducted to find out the risk factor associated with LNM independently, and those were imported into R library “RMS” for analysis. A nomogram is generated based on the contribution weights of variables. Finally, decision analysis and clinical impact curve were used to determine the optimal decision point.
Twenty-five (14.7%) of the 170 patients with pT1 ESCC exhibited LNM. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, carcinoembryonic antigen, vascular tumor thromboembolus, and tumor differentiation degree were independent risk factors for LNM. The nomogram had relatively high accuracy (C index of 0.869, 95% confidence interval: 0.794–0.914, P < .0001). The decision curve analysis provided the most significant clinical benefit for the entire included population, with scores falling just above the total score of 85 in the nomogram.
Smoking, carcinoembryonic antigen, vascular tumor thromboembolus, and tumor differentiation degree may predict the risk of LNM in tumor 1 ESCC. The risk of LNM can be predicted by the nomogram.
STROBE: The relationship between asthma and early menarche in Korean adolescents
Authors: Han Chang Hoon , Chung Jae ho , Kim Soo Rim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explored the relationship between asthma and early menarche in a representative sample of Korean adolescents.
Web-based self-reported data collected from 2006 to 2015 by the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used. Menarche status was divided into “early” (<12 years of age, n = 69,520) and “not early” (≥12 years of age, n = 234,065).
Adolescent girls with early menarche exhibited a higher incidence of asthma (8.1% vs 7.4%, P < .001), more frequent school absences because of asthma (10.8% vs 8.7%), and more frequent ≤4-day stretches of school absence (4.6% vs 2.4%) compared with girls with “not early” menarche (all P < .001). Multivariate analysis performed after adjusting for multiple confounders revealed a 1.04-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.07) greater likelihood of asthma in the early menarche than not early menarche group. In addition, the odds ratios for missing school due to asthma for 1 to 3 and ≥4 days per year in the early menarche group were 1.00 (95% CI 1.00–1.02) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.01–1.46), respectively.
Adolescents with early menarche exhibited increased incidences of asthma and severe asthma.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients: New twists on an old disease
Authors: Louw Susan , Gededzha Maemu P. , Mayne Anthony L. , Mayne Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Investigate the presence of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and complement activation in patients with HIV-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HIV-TTP) to support the hypothesis that these processes probably contribute to the development of this thrombotic microangiopathy.

Design:
A prospective, investigational cohort study of 35 consecutive patients diagnosed with HIV-associated TTP presenting to three academic, tertiary care hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa over 2 years.

Methods:
The patients with HIV-TTP received therapeutic plasma therapy and supportive treatment. Demographic data, the results of routine investigations and patient outcomes were recorded. Peripheral blood samples were collected prior to and on completion of plasma therapy and the following additional parameters were assessed at both time points: activity of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving protease, a-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase-with-thrombospondin-motifs 13 (ADAMTS-13) and the presence of ADAMTS-13 autoantibodies, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and two endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Complement activation was assessed by sequential measurement of C3 and C4 as well as levels of the complement inhibitor, factor H.

Results:
The inflammatory and endothelial activation markers were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in the cohort of patients prior to plasma therapy compared with levels on discharge. Complement was activated and normalized with therapy. The ADAMTS-13 levels were reduced with significant auto-antibodies to this protease at presentation.

Conclusion:
Inflammation in HIV mediates endothelial damage and complement activation. This study proposes that these processes are probably contributory to the development of HIV-TTP, which can therefore be characterized in part as a complementopathy, resembling TTP-like syndrome.
Sex differences in cytokine profiles during suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Vanpouille Christophe , Wells Alan , Wilkin Timothy , Mathad Jyoti S. , Morris Sheldon , Margolis Leonid , Gianella Sara 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Despite lower plasma HIV RNA levels, women progress faster to AIDS than men. The reasons for these differences are not clear but might be a consequence of an elevated inflammatory response in women.

Methods:
We investigated sex differences in cytokine profiles by measuring the concentrations of 36 cytokine/chemokines by Luminex in blood of women and men (sex at birth) with chronic HIV infection under suppressive therapy. We initially performed a principal component analysis to see if participants clustered by sex, and then fit a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model where we used cytokines to predict sex at birth. The significance of the difference in nine cytokines with VIP greater than 1 was tested using Wilcoxon test-rank. Further, potential confounding factors were tested by multivariate linear regression models.

Results:
Overall, we predicted sex at birth in the PLS-DA model with an error rate of approximately 13%. We identified five cytokines, which were significantly higher in women compared with men, namely the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL1 (Gro-α), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL4 (MIP-1β), as well as the T-cell homeostatic factor IL-7. The effect of sex remained significant after adjusting for CD4+, age, ethnicity, and race for all cytokines, except for CCL3 and race.

Conclusion:
The observed sex-based differences in cytokines might contribute to higher immune activation in women compared with men despite suppressive therapy. Increased levels of IL-7 in women suggest that homeostatic proliferation may have a differential contribution to HIV reservoir maintenance in female and male individuals. Our study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific studies of viral pathogenesis.
Falls from ladders: Injury patterns and outcomes
Authors: Liasidis Panagiotis K. , Jakob Dominik A. , Schellenberg Morgan , Matsushima Kazuhide , Lam Lydia , Lewis Meghan R. , Demetriades Demetrios , Inaba Kenji 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Our contemporary understanding of the impact of falls from ladders remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the injury patterns and outcomes of falls from ladders. Our hypothesis was that age affects both injury type and outcomes.

METHODS
The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for all patients who fell from a ladder (January 2007 to December 2017). Participants were stratified into four groups according to age: 15 years or younger, 16 years to 50 years, 51 years to 65 years, and older than 65 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the injury patterns and outcomes between the groups.

RESULTS
A total of 168,227 patients were included for analysis. Median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 45–66 years), 86.1% were male, and median ISS was 9 (interquartile range, 4–13). Increasing age was associated with a higher risk of severe trauma (ISS > 15: 8.8% vs. 13.7% vs. 17.5% vs. 22.0%; p < 0.001). Head injuries followed a U-shaped distribution, with pediatric and elderly patients representing the most vulnerable groups. Overall, fractures were the most common type of injury, in the following order: lower extremity, 27.3%; spine, 24.9%; rib, 23.1%; upper extremity, 20.1%; and pelvis, 10.3%. The overall intensive care unit admission rate was 21.5%; however, it was significantly higher in the elderly (29.1%). In-hospital mortality was 1.8%. The risk of death progressively increased with age with a mortality rate of 0.3%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 3.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Strong predictors of mortality were Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower on admission (odds ratio, 29.80; 95% confidence interval, 26.66–33.31; p < 0.001) and age >65 years (odds ratio 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.535–4.692; p < 0.001). Only 50.8% of the elderly patients were discharged home without health services, 16.5% were discharged to nursing homes, and 15.2% to rehabilitation centers.

CONCLUSION
Falls from ladders are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. Head injuries and fractures are common and often severe. An intensified approach to safe ladder use in the community is warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management; Level III.
Physical resilience in the brain: The effect of white matter disease on brain networks in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Neyland Blake R , Lockhart Samuel N , Lyday Robert G , Baker Laura D , Handing Elizabeth P , Miller Michael E , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Laurienti Paul J , Hugenschmidt Christina E 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPhysical resilience with age is considered a key feature of healthy aging, but current understanding of the neural contributions to resilience is limited. Additionally, few methods exist to identify physical resilience and observe the mechanisms through which resilience manifests.METHODSTo address these gaps, we used data from 189 participants from the Brain Networks and Mobility (B-NET) study who completed the short physical performance battery (SPPB) as well as its expanded version (eSPPB), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional MRI (fMRI). Functional brain networks were generated using graph theory methods. We grouped participants based on SPPB scores (<10=unhealthy & 10-12=healthy) and median splits of white matter hyperintensity volumes: Expected Healthy (EH: low WMH, healthy SPPB, n=81), Expected Impaired (EI: high WMH, unhealthy SPPB, n=42), Unexpected Healthy (UH: high WMH, healthy SPPB, n=53), and Unexpected Impaired (UI: low WMH, unhealthy SPPB, n=13). UH is considered the “resilient” group due to their maintained function despite elevated WMH burden. Continuous analyses assessed the relationships between network properties, mobility, and cognition.RESULTSHigher SPPB scores were associated (p<0.01) with greater sensorimotor cortex community structure (SMN-CS) consistency. While no main effect of the resilience interaction term (SPPB*WMH) was found on SMN-CS, UH showed higher numbers of second-order connections between the SMN and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than EI (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONSIncreased connectivity between SMN and ACC may be a marker of physical resilience within the brain.
Topological Data Analysis of Thoracic Radiographic Images shows Improved Radiomics-based Lung Tumor Histology Prediction
Authors: Vandaele Robin , Mukherjee Pritam , Selby Heather Marie , Shah Rajesh Pravin , Gevaert Olivier 
Published: May 2022

SummaryTopological data analysis (TDA) provides unparalleled tools to capture local to global structural shape information in data. In particular, its main method under the name of persistent homology has found many recent successful applications to both supervised and unsupervised machine learning. Despite its recent gain in popularity, much of its potential for medical image analysis remains undiscovered. In this paper we explore the prominent learning problems on thoracic radiographic images of lung tumors to which persistent homology provides improvements over state-of-the-art radiomic-based learning. It turns out that the novel topological features well capture complementary information important for both ‘benign vs. malignant ‘ and ‘adenocarcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma’ tumor prediction, while contributing less consistently to ‘small cell vs. non-small cell ‘—an interesting result in its own right. Furthermore, while radiomic features may be better at predicting malignancy scores assigned by expert radiologists based on visual inspection, it turns out that topological features may be better at predicting the more accurate tumor histology assessed through long-term radiology review, biopsy, surgical resection, progression or response.
When Online Citizen Science meets Teaching: Storyfication of a science discovery game to teach, learn, contribute to genomic research
Authors: Drogaris Chrisostomos , Butyaev Alexander , Nazarova Elena , Sarrazin-Gendron Roman , Patel Harsh , Singh Akash , Kadota Brenden , Waldispühl Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, video games became a common vehicle for citizen science initiatives in life science, allowing participants to contribute to real scientific data analysis while learning about it. Since 2010, our scientific discovery game (SDG) Phylo enlists participants in comparative genomic data analysis. It is frequently used as a learning tool, but the activities were difficult to aggregate to build a coherent teaching activity. Here, we describe a strategy and series of recipes to facilitate the integration of SDGs in courses and implement this approach in Phylo. We developed new roles and functionalities enabling instructors to create assignments and monitor the progress of students. A story mode progressively introduces comparative genomics concepts, allowing users to learn and contribute to the analysis of real genomic sequences. Preliminary results from a user study suggest this framework may help to boost user motivation and clarify pedagogical objectives.
Revisiting Colocalization from the Perspective of Similarity
Authors: da Fontoura Costa Luciano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven two or more concentrations, an interesting and important related issue concerns the quantification of how strongly they are spatially interrelated. The concept of colocalization has been frequently considered as an indication of the tendency of the values of two concentrations to spatially vary together. While this frequently adopted approach presents several interesting characteristics, being a suitable choice for several situations, in the present work we study how multiset similarity indices can be applied for similar purposes, possibly allowing a complementation, in the sense of taking into account shared portions of the concentrations, of the colocalization characterization provided by the Pearson correlation methodology. The problem of colocalization is first addressed in terms of possible underlying mathematical models, and then the Pearson correlation coefficient-based approach, as well as the standardization procedure which is its intrinsic part, are presented and discussed. The particularly important issue of how to define the baseline of the concentrations is also approached and illustrated. The minmax alternative normalization scheme is presented next, followed by the description of the three considered multiset simiarlity indices — namely the interiority, Jaccard, and coincidence similarity approaches. The characteristics of each of these methods is then illustrated respectively to 1D, and then to 2D concentrations under presence of several interesting and relevant effects including spatial displacement, as well as sharpening, presence of unrelated effects. The similarity indices, and in particular the coincidence approach, are found to present some interesting features when applied to the quantification of the colocalization between two or more concentrations, suggesting that it can provided complementary information when performing colocalization analysis.