bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Terminal Ileum Intubation During Colonoscopy
Authors: Alkhalidi Nawal , Alrubaie Abdulhadi , Rezqallah Raed Esttaifan , Kenber Maitham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is uncertain whether terminal ileum intubation should be performed routinely during colonoscopy, as there is uncertainty regarding its diagnostic value. The aim of the present study is to assess the diagnostic yield of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy according to indications for colonoscopy. This is a cross-sectional study in which the results of 294 total colonoscopy procedures were reviewed; ileal intubation was performed in 269 (91.49%) patients. The indications for colonoscopy, the results of ileoscopy, and the histopathological results of ileal biopsies were evaluated.A total of 54 (20%) out of 269 patients who had successful intubation into the terminal ileum showed macroscopic abnormalities on the terminal ileum. Biopsies were positive in 4 out of 54 (7.4%); all were of Crohn disease. Two were erosions (9.5%.) and 2 were ulcers (18.8%). The two erosions were presented as abdominal pain, abdominal pain and alternating bowel motion. Those with ulcers were presented with diarrhea and perianal disease.
Conclusions Considering the low diagnostic yield of ileal intubation during colonoscopy, the decision to perform ileoscopy or not during colonoscopy needs to be made on a case-by-case basis. However, routine ileal intubation, brief attempts should be considered despite low diagnostic yield.
Therapeutics in Radiation-induced Proctopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Omer Nathália Nascentes Coelho dos Santos , Araujo Ivana Duval de , Cruz Geraldo Magela Gomes da , Rodrigues Fábio Gontijo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMalignant neoplasms are increasingly prevalent in the daily clinical practice. Up to 61% of patients with pelvic malignancies undergo pelvic radiotherapy in different doses, which may cause intestinal damage, and the rectum is the segment most frequently affected due to its fixed position in the pelvis. Currently, there are several strategies to minimize the effects of radiation on the tissues surrounding the neoplastic site; despite those strategies, radiotherapy can still result in serious damage to organs and structures, and these injuries accompany patients throughout their lives. One of the most common damages resulting from pelvic radiotherapy is acute proctitis.The diagnosis is confirmed by visualizing the rectal mucosa through rigid or flexible rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. The objective of the present study was to review the forms of radiation-induced proctopathytherapy, and to evaluate the results of each method to propose a standardization for the treatment of this pathology. Despite the prevalence of radiation-induced proctopathy, there is no definitive standardized treatment strategy so far. The first approach can be tried with local agents, such as mesalazine and formalin. For refractory cases, control can usually be achieved with argon plasma coagulation, hyperbaric oxygen, and radiofrequency ablation therapies. Regarding the study of radiation-induced proctopathy, there is a lack of robust studies with large samples and standardized therapies to be compared. There is a lack of double-blinded, randomized controlled studies to determine a definitive standard treatment algorithm.
Non-Surgical Approach to Correct Skeletal Open-Bite Malocclusion in an Adult Patient Using Third Molar Intrusion Mechanics: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Hirji Saima Nizar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParadigm is shifting in the orthodontic world with the introduction of mini screw type of temporary anchorage devices (TADs). This clinical report shows treatment and 3-year retention results of nonsurgical and extraction treatment in a 34-year-old female patient treated with maxillary molar intrusion mechanics and habit control. After 24 months of active orthodontic treatment, splendid outcomes were achieved. She presented with a chief complaint of problems in biting from her front teeth. She has a Class II skeletal and dental relationship with increased vertical proportions. Control of vertical dimension and producing autorotation of mandible were the key reasons to reduce facial convexity and improvement in profile. Treatment effects of 5 degrees of autorotation of mandible and 4 mm of maxillary molar intrusion were produced to correct pre-treatment anterior open bite of 5 mm. Based on available clinical evidence, we suggest that TADs with composite buttons on molars can be used as a valuable tool to intrude molars including wisdom teeth, and help correct the skeletal open-bite with good control without buccal tipping.
Language and identity
Authors: Bourgerie Dana Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is a socio-linguistic report of Veun Sai, a small Cambodian village in the Northeastern province of Ratanakiri near the border of Laos and Vietnam. The village is located in a multi-lingual context where Hakka Chinese, Khmer, and Laotian are spoken side-by-side and each language has a distinct role. Hence, the Veun Sai Chinese village is in fact a multi-cultural village bound together by a Chinese thread. This paper provides background on Chinese communities Cambodia historically and considers issues of identity relevant to Sino-Cambodians generally. The report is based on short interviews with 20 residents.
Testing the pedagogical norm
Authors: Winter Tatjana , Le Foll Elen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnglish as a foreign language (EFL) textbooks typically present a prescriptive typology of three or four conditional types. We examine the extent to which this long-established English Language Teaching (ELT) typology is reflected in four varieties of English by comparing the forms and functions of four samples of 620if-conditionals from French school EFL textbooks (TEC-Fr), French L1 Learner English (OpenCLC-Fr), Web English (EnTenTen15-S) and British English (BNC-S). The ELT typology accounts for considerably less than half ofif-sentences in the reference data. Even in the EFL textbooks, only 57% ofif-conditionals match the typology explicitly taught in their grammar sections. For many formal and functional features, the learner data sits halfway between the distributions of the textbook and reference data. We conclude that the ELT typology needs to be adapted to provide a more representative account ofif-conditionals that focuses on L1 and L2 usage and meaning over form.
Viva la libertà!
Authors: Kienpointner Manfred 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew of the central concepts of political discourse are as controversial as “freedom”/“liberty”. However, although “freedom” definitely belongs to the so-called “essentially contested concepts”, even “a contested concept has an uncontested core” (Lakoff 2006: 23–24). This uncontested core can be described as the core meaning of language-specific lexemes such as Englishfreedom, liberty, GermanFreiheit, Frenchlibertéor Italianlibertà. The core meaning can be established as the common ground underlying all more specific controversial uses and definitions.Within political discourse, the context-specific uses of these lexemes can be described as persuasive definitions, that is, as instances of strategic maneuvering (cf.van Eemeren 2010), which try to establish one’s own use of these words as the politically dominant one and the one most widespread in the media.With this theoretical background in mind, I would like to provide an overview of howlibertàis persuasively defined and strategically used within contemporary Italian political discourse. In order to do this, I have compiled a small corpus of party programs, political speeches, interviews, newspaper editorials and posts. From this empirical basis a list of argumentative strategies concerning explicit and implicit definitions oflibertàwill be compiled and critically evaluated.
Prescribed argumentation, actual argumentation, reported argumentation
Authors: Casillo Ilaria , Doury Marianne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article starts from the observation that, in order to ensure their legitimacy, the modes of governance in
place in most Western democracies make more room for citizen participation in decision-making processes. The result is the
implementation of various participatory mechanisms, many of which seek to stimulate a citizen’s argumentative expression. Based on
a case study (the public debate on a gold mine project in French Guiana), we observe the norms that govern such participation
processes and their implementation in the argumentative exchanges.
The argumentative style of the opening speech of a debate in the European Parliament
Authors: Garssen Bart 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this contribution a characterization is given of the argumentative style utilised in an opening speech of a plenary debate in the European Parliament. This debate is initiated through an opening speech in which the rapporteur of a parliamentary committee presents the European Commission’s proposal, as well as the amendments and the arguments to support them. As it is the rapporteur’s aim to gain broad parliamentary agreement with the proposal, the opening speech is vital to the debate, because all contributions of the MEPs relate directly to the argumentation put forward by the rapporteur. Based on the analytic overview the strategic design and the three dimensions of argumentative style the argumentative style that is used by the rapporteur is characterized.
Phonological similarity effects in cross-script word processing
Authors: Lee-Kim Sang-Im , Ren Xinran , Mok Peggy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study explored the conditions under which phonological similarity effects arise without orthographic
confounds by testing languages with true cognates but divergent scripts. We investigated the similarities and differences between
within- and cross-script processing patterns by providing data from an understudied language pair, Korean and Cantonese, which
have many cognates but bear no orthographic resemblance. In two word-naming and translation tasks, beginning and intermediate
Cantonese-speaking learners of Korean (N = 112) were tested for the processing speed of Sino-Korean words. The
results of the word-naming experiments showed that phonologically similar words were processed faster than dissimilar ones,
regardless of L2 fluency, especially when the logographic L1 characters were used as primes. However, facilitation by shared
phonology was not observed in the translation experiments in either direction. L1-to-L2 forward translation was much faster than
L2-to-L1 backward translation, indicating conceptual memory being used as a primary processing pathway. The characteristics of
cross-script processing patterns were discussed in terms of the structure of bilingual memory.
Brachial plexus bridging with specific extracellular matrix-modified chitosan/silk scaffold: a new expand of tissue engineered nerve graft
Authors: Song Lili , Guo Qi , Guo Jin , Xu Xiong , Xu Ke , Li Yueying , Yang Tuo , Gu Xiaosong , Cao Rangjuan , Cui Shusen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) result in serious dysfunction, especially brachial plexus defects which are currently treated using autologous nerve graft (autograft) transplantation. With the development of tissue engineering, tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) have emerged as promising alternatives to autografts but have not yet been widely applied to the treatment of BPIs. Herein, we developed a TENG modified with extracellular matrix generated by skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) and expand its application in upper brachial plexus defects in rats. Approach. SKP-SCs were co-cultured with chitosan neural conduits or silk fibres and subjected to decellularization treatment. Ten bundles of silk fibres (five fibres per bundle) were placed into a conduit to obtain the TENG, which was used to bridge an 8 mm gap in the upper brachial plexus. The efficacy of this treatment was examined for TENG-, autograft- and scaffold-treated groups at several times after surgery using immunochemical staining, behavioural tests, electrophysiological measurements, and electron microscopy. Main results. Histological analysis conducted two weeks after surgery showed that compared to scaffold bridging, TENG treatment enhanced the growth of regenerating axons. Behavioural tests conducted four weeks after surgery showed that TENG-treated rats performed similarly to autograft-treated ones, with a significant improvement observed in both cases compared with the scaffold treatment group. Electrophysiological and retrograde tracing characterizations revealed that the target muscles were reinnervated in both TENG and autograft groups, while transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining showed the occurrence of the superior myelination of regenerated axons in these groups. Significance. Treatment with the developed TENG allows the effective bridging of proximal nerve defects in the upper extremities, and the obtained results provide a theoretical basis for clinical transformation to expand the application scope of TENGs.
Vaccination with partial transmission and social distancing on contact networks
Authors: Hurry Christian John , Mozeika Alexander , Annibale Alessia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the impact of vaccination on the risk of epidemics spreading through structured networks using the cavity method of statistical physics. We relax the assumption that vaccination prevents all transmission of a disease used in previous studies, such that vaccinated nodes have a small probability of transmission. To do so, we extend the cavity method to study networks where nodes have heterogeneous transmissibility. We find that vaccination with partial transmission still provides herd immunity and show how the herd immunity threshold depends upon the assortativity between nodes of different transmissibility. In addition, we study the impact of social distancing via bond percolation and show that percolation targeting links between nodes of high transmissibility can reduce the risk of an epidemic greater than targeting links between nodes of high degree. Finally, we extend recent methods to compute the distributional equations of risk in populations with heterogeneous transmissibility and show how targeted social distancing measures may reduce overall risk greater than untargeted vaccination campaigns, by comparing the effect of random and targeted strategies of node and link deletion on the risk distribution.
Circuit complexity near critical points
Authors: Sood Uday , Kruczenski Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider the Bose–Hubbard model in two and three spatial dimensions and numerically compute the quantum circuit complexity of the ground state in the Mott insulator and superfluid phases using a mean field approximation with additional quadratic fluctuations. After mapping to a qubit system, the result is given by the complexity associated with a Bogoliubov transformation applied to the reference state taken to be the mean field ground state. In particular, the complexity has peaks at the O(2) critical points where the system can be described by a relativistic quantum field theory. Given that we use a Gaussian approximation, near criticality the numerical results agree with a free field theory calculation. To go beyond the Gaussian approximation we use general scaling arguments that imply that, as we approach the critical point t → t
c, there is a non-analytic behavior in the complexity c
2(t) of the form |c
2(t) − c
2(t
c)| ∼ |t − t
c|
νd
, up to possible logarithmic corrections. Here d is the number of spatial dimensions and ν is the usual critical exponent for the correlation length ξ ∼ |t − t
c|−ν
. As a check, for d = 2 this agrees with the numerical computation if we use the Gaussian critical exponent

ν
=

1

2

. Finally, using AdS/CFT methods, we study higher dimensional examples and confirm this scaling argument with non-Gaussian exponent ν for strongly interacting theories that have a gravity dual.
Development and evaluation of a novel high-density weighted fracturing fluid in ultra-deep reservoirs
Authors: Xu Hang , Zhou Fujian , Li Yuan , Chen Zhishuo , Yao Erdong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultra-deep reservoirs make the fracturing operations facing some inevitable problems, especially the higher surface treating pressure, which usually exceeds the limitation of existing fracturing equipment. Weighted fracturing fluid has become one of the most effective methods to deal with this challenge. In this study, a novel high-density weighted fracturing fluid was developed with self-synthesized new weighting agent and crosslinker through extensive laboratory experiments. The density of the new weighted fracturing fluid was up to 1.46 g/cm3. The crosslinking time can be controlled within 3.1∼10.2 mins, which helps in limiting the tubing friction. Performance evaluation results show that the fluid system has desired high temperature-stability and shearing resistance. Under 150 °C, 170 s–1, the final apparent viscosity still remains above 50 mPa·s after shearing for 60 mins. The maximum friction reduction rate of the based fluid reached 68.4 %, which is speculated lower than the wellsite application. The newly proposed weighted fracturing fluid is a good choice for ultra-deep and high-temperature reservoirs stimulation and hence improving the recovery.
Sensitive direct x-ray detectors based on the In–Ga–Zn–O/perovskite heterojunction phototransistor
Authors: Cao Yong , Ge Yongshuai , Sha Xin , Meng Lingqiang , Gao Yuanhong , Li Bo , Yu Xue-Feng , Li Jia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Direct x-ray detectors are essential in many applications including medical tomography, security inspection, nondestructive testing, crystallography and astronomy. Despite the rapid advances in recent years, the currently available direct x-ray detectors are still limited by the insufficient photon-to-charge conversion, compromising the detection sensitivity, ease of fabrication, cost and flexibility. Here we demonstrate a device concept of heterojunction phototransistor with high internal-gain effect to realize the sensitive x-ray direct detection. Specifically, the heterojunction phototransistors are mainly composed of an industrially available In–Ga–Zn–O channel and all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals used as x-ray photoconductor. In contrast to the conventional diode-based x-ray detectors, phototransistor allows both electrical gating and photodoping effect for efficient carrier density modulation, leading to the low dark-current and high photoconductive gain. The introduction of such high-gain mechanism into x-ray detectors can offer internal signal amplification for photogenerated currents without the increment of noise, thereby leading to the high sensitivity over 106
μC Gyair
−1 cm−2 and detection limit down to 3 μGyair s−1. These results suggest that the heterojunction x-ray phototransistor can provide the most promising platform to achieve high-performance direct x-ray detectors with both high sensitivity, light weight, flexibility and low cost.
Focusing on transient chaos
Authors: Omel’chenko Oleh E , Tél Tamás 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in the field of complex, transiently chaotic dynamics are reviewed, based on the results published in the focus issue of J. Phys. Complex. on this topic. One group of achievements concerns network dynamics where transient features are intimately related to the degree and stability of synchronization, as well as to the network topology. A plethora of various applications of transient chaos are described, ranging from the collective motion of active particles, through the operation of power grids, cardiac arrhythmias, and magnetohydrodynamical dynamos, to the use of machine learning to predict time evolutions. Nontraditional forms of transient chaos are also explored, such as the temporal change of the chaoticity in the transients (called doubly transient chaos), as well as transients in systems subjected to parameter drift, the paradigm of which is climate change.
773 BARRIERS TO RECOGNISING PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA AND DELIRIUM ON A HEALTHCARE OF THE ELDERLY INPATIENT WARD
Authors: Stokes R , Philpott R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pain is often poorly recognised and remains under-treated in older patients, especially those who are unable to articulate their discomfort. In those with severe cognitive impairment or communication difficulties, recognition of the non-verbal manifestations of pain is needed to ensure patient comfort. Understanding how likely these patients are to have pain, how we improve recognition of the signs of discomfort, and encouraging doctors to think about prescribing analgesics will allow these patients to retain their dignity, and reduce their physical and psychological distress during their inpatient stays.

Method
Over two periods in 2019–2020, pre and post introduction of Abbey Pain Scale. Inpatients on a HCE ward &gt;65 years old Diagnosis of dementia and/or delirium Review of pain scores on the observation charts, analgesia and documentation of sources of pain.

Results
75 patients were reviewed, 39% with delirium, 45% with dementia Pain was often not considered during medical assessments, even if patients had presented with a fall 56% had a potential source of pain identified either in their medical or nursing notes, however there was disparity between these The majority of sources of pain were chronic joint issues or injuries sustained from falls Patients had their observations checked 2–4 times/day. A pain score was entered 56% of the time and less frequently in: diabetics (due to chart layout), long-stayers and those who refused their observations Use of the Abbey Pain Scale made no significant difference.

Conclusion
(s). Disparity between notes highlighted a gap in communication. There is a risk of complacency with long-staying patients. Ketone readings are recorded over the pain score area on the observation charts, this needs to change. Refusing observations may be a sign of pain and staff should be more vigilant in these cases. A more integrative tool to monitor pain is required.