bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard
Authors: Megía-Palma Rodrigo , Paranjpe Dhanashree , Cooper Robert D , Blaimont Pauline , Sinervo Barry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Male competition conforms to a cost–benefit model, because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects, it can also increase the risk of injury. We hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual competition. Some of these infections, in turn, may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic trade-offs. We staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts, Sceloporus occidentalis. We also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because (1) color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents, and (2) contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression, where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent’s behavior. The results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ticks. Moreover, some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer pushups. Interestingly, lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent’s blue patch were greater. The results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of S. occidentalis as a sexual armament, because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent lizards. We revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic behavior. We encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral tests with lizards.
Intra-arrest partial carbon dioxide level and favorable neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide multicenter observational study in Japan (the JAAM-OHCA registry)
Authors: Matsuyama Tasuku , Ohta Bon , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Little is known about whether guideline-recommended ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in optimal partial carbon dioxide (pCO2) levels or favorable outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between intra-arrest pCO2 level and the outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods and results
We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational study, including adult patients with OHCA who did not achieve a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) upon hospital arrival and whose blood gas analysis was performed before the ROSC between June 2014 and December 2017. The patients were categorized into four quartiles based on their intra-arrest carbon dioxide levels: Quartile 1 (&lt;66.0 mmHg), Quartile 2 (66.1–87.2 mmHg), Quartile 3 (87.3–113.5 mmHg), and Quartile 4 (≥113.6 mmHg). The primary outcome was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes defined as cerebral performance Category 1 or 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pCO2 and favorable neurological outcomes. During the study period, 20 913 patients were eligible for the analysis. The proportion of favorable neurological outcomes was 1.8% (90/5133), 0.7% (35/5232), 0.4% (19/5263), and 0.2% (9/5285) in Quartiles 1–4, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the probability of favorable neurological outcome decreased with increased intra-arrest carbon dioxide levels (i.e. Q1 vs. Q4, adjusted odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.55, P for trend &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Lower intra-arrest pCO2 levels were associated with a favorable neurological outcome.
Splitting the anterior mitral leaflet impairs left ventricular function in an ovine model
Authors: Brunel Laurencie , Williams Zoe A , Yastrebov Konstantin , Robinson Benjamin M , Wise Innes K , Paterson Hugh S , Bannon Paul G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
During mitral valve replacement, the anterior mitral leaflet is usually resected or modified. Anterior leaflet splitting seems the least disruptive modification. Reattachment of the modified leaflet to the annulus reduces the annulopapillary distance. The goal of this study was to quantify the acute effects on left ventricular function of splitting the anterior mitral leaflet and shortening the annulopapillary distance.

METHODS
In 6 adult sheep, a wire was placed around the anterior leaflet and exteriorized through the left ventricular wall to enable splitting the leaflet in the beating heart. Releasable snares to reduce annulopapillary distance were likewise positioned and exteriorized. A mechanical mitral prosthesis was inserted to prevent mitral incompetence during external manipulations of the native valve. Instantaneous changes in left ventricular function were recorded before and after shortening the annulopapillary distance, then before and after splitting the anterior leaflet.

RESULTS
After splitting the anterior leaflet, preload recruitable stroke work, stroke work, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular end systolic pressure and mean pressure were significantly decreased by 26%, 23%, 12%, 9%, 15% and 11%, respectively. Shortening the annulopapillary distance was associated with significant decreases in the end systolic pressure volume relationship, preload recruitable stroke work, stroke work and left ventricular end systolic pressure by 67%, 33%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Shortening the annulopapillary distance after splitting the leaflet had no significant effect.

CONCLUSIONS
Splitting the anterior mitral leaflet acutely impaired left ventricular contractility and haemodynamics in an ovine model. Shortening the annulopapillary distance after leaflet splitting did not further impair left ventricular function.
International Investment Protection Made in Germany? On the Domestic and Foreign Policy Dynamics behind the First BITs
Authors: Venzke Ingo , Günther Philipp 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The investment protection treaty concluded between Germany and Pakistan in 1959 is generally regarded as a milestone in the development of international investment law. It has entered the collective memory as the first bilateral investment treaty (BIT). In this article, we analyse archival sources to investigate why Germany and Pakistan concluded this agreement at that specific time and what makes this treaty the first of its kind. Through historical analysis, we trace the domestic and related foreign policies that led to the BIT and discuss the negotiation process. Our analysis shows that the BIT was so closely linked with the German federal investment guarantee scheme (Bundesgarantien) that it is best understood as an extension of that policy. This also helps us to specify the underlying rationale for the treaties. We further highlight the influence of the financial industry – especially of Hermann Josef Abs – on the genesis of the BIT, which was less decisive than is often suggested. We identify features of the 1959 BIT that do characterize it as a new international legal instrument, but nuance claims about its degree of innovation as well as underlying motivations, and counter considerable retrospective myth making.
Do students’ oral corrective feedback beliefs matter to teachers?
Authors: Ha Xuan Van 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study explores the impact of students’ beliefs on teachers’ beliefs regarding oral corrective feedback through a targeted professional development programme. The programme comprised a one-day seminar during which eleven high-school EFL teachers were presented with and discussed the findings of a study of their students’ feedback beliefs, and follow-up experiential learning activities through reflective practice for eight weeks. Data were collected from multiple sources over eighteen weeks. The findings revealed that the teachers did not explicitly acknowledge the influence of their students’ beliefs, but the comments in the follow-up interviews and written reflections showed considerable changes in their views about the workability of immediate feedback, the appropriate choices of feedback types, and the interaction among contextual factors, learner factors, feedback types, and error types. These changes were in the direction of their students’ feedback preferences, which were also aligned with research recommendations. Implications for teacher professional development are discussed.
Palliative care interventions and end-of-life care as reported by patients’ post-stroke and their families: a systematic review
Authors: Govind Natalie , Ferguson Caleb , Phillips Jane L , Hickman Louise 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Internationally, there is an urgent need to implement guidelines supporting integration of palliative care into stroke clinical practice. Despite considerable advances in acute stroke management, ∼20% of all acute stroke patients die within the first 30 days. Palliative care is well established in diseases such as cancer or advanced heart failure, but evidence-based interventions of high quality are limited in stroke populations. This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate quantitative studies that describe palliative care interventions and end-of-life care as reported by patient’s post-stroke and their families.

Methods and results
A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines was conducted in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid, Proquest, and Scopus from 1990 to April 2021. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute standardized quality rating tools for quality assessment were used. Seven studies were identified, and all used descriptive quantitative designs. There were no interventional studies. The results were synthesized narratively according to the elements of palliative care interventions and end-of-life care: symptom burden and satisfaction, loss of autonomy at the end of life, and acknowledging uncertainty.

Conclusion
This review highlights the limited empirical evidence that describes palliative care interventions and end-of-life care as reported by patient’s post-stroke and their families. Most of the current evidence focuses on the provision of care during the final days and hours of life, or end-of-life care, with little evidence to guide the integration of palliative care into post-stroke clinical care, especially for patients with an uncertain prognosis. Acute stroke is sudden, unexpected, and life-changing, and patients and families would benefit from well-designed targeted interventions to determine strategies that address the diverse palliative needs of this patient population.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021254536.
The impact of switching from single-use to reusable healthcare products: a transparency checklist and systematic review of life-cycle assessments
Authors: Keil Mattis , Viere Tobias , Helms Kevin , Rogowski Wolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Replacing single-use products with reusable ones may reduce the environmental impact of healthcare. This study aimed to broadly assess the environmental effects of that substitution.

Methods
A systematic review of comparative cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of single-use and reusable healthcare products was conducted. The main outcomes assessed were changes in the environmental impact that resulted after switching from single-use to reusable products. As no standardized transparency checklist was available, one was developed here using DIN ISO 14040/14044. The final checklist included 22 criteria used to appraise the included studies.

Results
After screening, 27 studies were included in the analysis. The healthcare products were assigned to four categories: invasive medical devices, non-invasive medical devices, protection equipment and inhalers. The outcomes revealed a reduction in mean effect sizes for all environmental impacts except water use. Non-invasive medical devices have greater relative mitigation potential than invasive devices. On average, information on 64% of the transparency checklist items was reported. Gaps included the reporting of data quality requirements.

Conclusions
Switching to reusable healthcare products is likely to reduce most impacts on the environment except water use, but the effect size differs among product categories. Possible study limitations include location bias, no systematic search of the grey literature and small samples for some impacts. This study’s strengths are its approach to product categories and developed transparency catalogue. This catalogue could be useful to inform and guide a future process towards creating a standardized transparency checklist for the systematic reviews of LCAs.
Antimicrobial activity of dominant Ligilactobacillus animalis strains in healthy canine feces and their probiotic potential
Authors: Lee Hong-Jae , Lee Joong-Bok , Park Seung-Yong , Choi In-Soo , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The number of companion animals living with humans has continually increased over the last few decades, and so has the interest of owners and stakeholders in the animal food and probiotics industry. Currently, the probiotic bacteria added to the feed of companion animals predominantly originate from the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for humans; however, there are differences between the microbiota of humans and that of their companion animals. This study aimed to determine the dominant LAB in dog feces and investigate their functional properties. Ligilactobacillus animalis (formerly called Lactobacillus animalis) was identified as the dominant lactic acid bacterium in dog feces. It displayed various inhibitory effects against pathogenic and enteropathogenic bacteria. This finding suggests that Ligilactobacillus animalis can potentially be used in novel probiotics or as a food additive for dogs.
Conceptualizing Person-Centered Care in Elder Mistreatment Intervention: Use of a Well-Being Framework
Authors: Martinez Julia M , Homeier Diana C , Fowler Cherie , Wilber Kathleen H 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPerson-centered care (PCC) applied to elder mistreatment interventions is an approach to include victim priorities. Although PCC may improve outcomes by supporting choice, victim preferences are often difficult to support, especially in high-risk situations. We studied the adaptation of PCC structures and process to a pilot intervention, aimed at including client preferences in a multidisciplinary team’s plans to address complex elder mistreatment.Research Design and MethodsCase study analysis was used to examine the process of integrating client priorities into a risk-reduction plan. A well-being framework was used to understand the relationship between safety and preferences. Purposive sampling identified a case study of a high-risk victim with history of refusing help who agreed to work with the Service Advocate, a member of a multidisciplinary team.ResultsPCC required a relationship of trust, honed over several weeks by prioritizing the clients’ perspective. Client preferences included remaining at home, continuing the relationship with the abuser, and maintaining a sense of mastery. Individualized definitions of “safety” were unrelated to elder mistreatment risk. Assistance included working with the suspected perpetrator, which is not offered by most elder mistreatment interventions, and resulted in some risk reduction. Reasons for refusing help were a desire for control and fear of loss of well-being assets.Discussion and ImplicationsIndividualized definitions of well-being should be considered in measuring intervention success. Future research could determine guidelines on what levels of elder mistreatment risk are acceptable, and how to monitor clients for safety while supporting autonomy.
Deep-learning-guided high-resolution subsurface reflectivity imaging with application to ground-penetrating radar data
Authors: Gao Kai , Donahue Carly , Henderson Bradley G , Modrak Ryan T 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY
Subsurface reflectivity imaging is one of the most important geophysical characterization methods for revealing subsurface structures. In many cases, accurate subsurface reflectivity imaging is challenging because of, for example, random or coherent noise in the data and sparse source–receiver observation geometry. We develop a deep-learning-guided iterative imaging method to improve subsurface structure imaging. Specifically, we train a supervised neural network to infer a noise-free, high-resolution image from a noisy, low-resolution image and use this estimated image as guidance to regularize least-squares imaging. We develop a systematic method to generate high-quality synthetic training data (data-label pairs) to train the guidance neural network. The trained neural network can provide high-fidelity predictions even for field-data images that are not in the training data. We validate our new imaging method using one synthetic and two field ground-penetrating radar data examples, and find that our method can produce clean, high-resolution subsurface reflectivity images where existing single-pass and least-squares imaging methods fail due to noise and insufficient data coverage.
Artesunate ameliorates osteoarthritis cartilage damage by updating MTA1 expression and promoting the transcriptional activation of LXA4 to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Chengjin , Zhao Li , Zhou Yuhu , Feng Yangyang , Li Nannan , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to discuss the mechanism of artesunate (ART) in improving cartilage damage in osteoarthritis (OA) by regulating the expression levels of metastatic tumor antigen 1 (MTA1), lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and the downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The OA model in vitro was constructed by stimulating chondrocytes for 24 h with 10 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-1β, and cell proliferation and apoptosis, expression levels of Aggrecan, MTA1, LXA4, MMP3, MMP13 and Collagen II, and inflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatants were examined. Histopathological changes, inflammatory response and chondrocyte apoptosis of the cartilage tissues of OA mice were performed. In vitro cell experiments, ART enhanced cell proliferation capacity, accompanied by decreased apoptosis rate, decreased expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13, elevated expression of Collagen II and Aggrecan, as well as reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant. ART also ameliorated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage by upregulating MTA1. The LXA4 promoter region had two potential binding sites for MTA1. There was a positive correlation between MTA1 and LXA4. MTA1 enhanced the expression of LXA4 through transcription and blocked the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In vivo animal model experiments further showed that ART treatment alleviated cartilage tissue damage in OA model mice by upregulating MTA1. Our study demonstrates that ART improves the cartilage damage of OA by upregulating MTA1 expression and promoting the transcriptional activation of LXA4, and further blocking the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Digital Peacebuilding: A Framework for Critical–Reflexive Engagement
Authors: Hirblinger Andreas Timo , Hansen Julie Marie , Hoelscher Kristian , Kolås Åshild , Lidén Kristoffer , Martins Bruno Oliveira 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Existing research on digital technologies in peacebuilding exhibits both tech-solutionist and tech-problematizing traits that tend to understate their embeddedness in society and politics. We argue that the study of digital peacebuilding should instead reflexively engage with the coproduction of the technical and the social in both academia and practice. This requires asking how assumptions about technology are related to assumptions about the conflict and peacebuilding context on which these technologies are brought to bear, and with what consequences. Therefore, we propose a methodological framework that brings to the fore how technologies for peacebuilding and peacebuilding with technology are coproduced. First, we focus on the interrelated claims about peacebuilding and technology, and the coproduction of peacebuilding problems and technological solutions. Second, we inquire into the characteristics of the digital peacebuilding agendas built on these claims, including the dynamics of disruptive change and datafication that these agendas bring. Third, we consider the sticky effects of digital approaches, in terms of a politicization or depoliticization of peacebuilding efforts, and ask what kind of peace this may produce.
Forum: The Why and How of Global Governors: Relational Agency in World Politics
Authors: Hofferberth Matthias , Lambach Daniel , Koch Martin , Holzscheiter Anna , Deloffre Maryam Zarnegar , Reiners Nina , Ronit Karsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScholars of world politics can readily list the global governors of our time, but why and how did these particular actors gain agency in the first place? While there is impressive scholarship on single global governors and their respective impact, there is little comparative work and systematic theorization on what agency in world politics is and how actors gain it. This forum brings together contributions that apply relational frameworks to the question, focusing on the dynamics of self-agentification, delegation, and recognition. Individual contributions detail different empirical cases, from individuals to the G20, and introduce concepts for meso-level theorizing. Taken together, the contributions call for a more dynamic research agenda that not only allows scholars to reconstruct how agency emerges but also pushes us toward an agency-focused reframing of global governance, which is needed to ensure the continued relevance of the paradigm.
The effect of the acute phase of infection on absorption of and exposure to orally administered antibiotics in non-critically ill, hospitalized patients
Authors: Van Den Broek A K , Visser C E , Veenstra J , Van Den Berg B T J , Prins J M , Van Hest R M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
During the acute phase of infection, IV antibiotics are preferred to ensure adequate systemic exposure. To assess whether adequate exposure may also be achieved with oral antibiotics, we investigated exposure to oral antibiotics and PTA during the acute phase of infection and after defervescence.

Methods
We enrolled hospitalized, non-critically ill febrile patients treated with IV antibiotics other than amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin. The study consisted of two visits: when patients had received &lt;24 h IV treatment; and when patients had become afebrile. On both visits, patients received one additional dose of 750 mg amoxicillin, or 500 mg ciprofloxacin, depending on the presumed infection, after which serial blood samples were obtained. The primary endpoint was the ratio of the AUC during the febrile and the afebrile phase. The AUCs were considered to be equivalent when the ratio of the mean AUCs and its 90% CI was contained within the acceptance interval of 80%–125%. The secondary endpoint was PTA.

Results
Forty-four patients (15 amoxicillin, 29 ciprofloxacin) completed both study visits. The median time between the two study visits was 65.8 h (range 33.8–427.4). The ratio of the mean AUCs (study visit 1/study visit 2) was 97% (90% CI of 80%–117%) for amoxicillin and 112% (90% CI of 108%–116%) for ciprofloxacin. The PTA for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin did not differ between the two phases and was adequate to treat common pathogens.

Conclusions
The acute phase of infection in non-critically ill febrile patients does not influence the exposure to, or PTA of, orally administered amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. This might justify earlier IV-to-oral switching.