bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Operative Kidney Biomarkers and Risks for Death, Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Disease Events after Cardiac Surgery: The TRIBE-AKI Study
Authors: Parikh Chirag R. , Vasquez-Rios George , Moledina Dennis G. , Jia Yaqi , McArthur Eric , Mansour Sherry G. , Thiessen-Philbrook Heather , Shlipak Michael G. , Koyner Jay L. , Garg Amit X. , Coca Steven G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR)1, sTNFR2, and plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are associated with kidney events in patients with and without diabetes. However, their associations with clinical outcomes when obtained pre-operatively have not been explored. Methods: The TRIBE-AKI cohort study is a prospective, multicenter, cohort study of high-risk adults undergoing cardiac surgery. We assessed the associations between pre-operative concentrations of plasma sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and KIM-1 and post-operative long-term outcomes including mortality, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence or progression after discharge. Results: Among 1378 participants included in the analysis with a median follow-up period of 6.7 (IQR 4.0-7.9), 434 (31%) patients died, 256 (19%) experienced cardiovascular events and out of 837 with available long-term kidney function data, 30% developed CKD. After adjustment for clinical covariates, each log increase in biomarker concentration was independently associated with mortality with 95%CI adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 3.0 (2.3-4.0), 2.3 (1.8-2.9), and 2.0 (1.6-2.4) for sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and KIM-1, respectively. For cardiovascular events, the 95%CI aHRs were 2.1 (1.5 – 3.1), 1.9 (1.4 – 2.6) and 1.6 (1.2 – 2.1) for sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and KIM-1, respectively. For CKD events, the aHRs were 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) for sTNFR1, 1.9 (1.3 – 2.7) for sTNFR2, and 1.7 (1.3 – 2.3) for KIM-1. Despite the associations, each of the biomarkers alone or in combination failed to result in robust discrimination on an absolute basis or compared to a clinical model. Conclusion: sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and KIM-1 were independently associated with longitudinal outcomes after discharge from a cardiac surgery hospitalization including death, cardiovascular and CKD events when obtained pre-operatively in high-risk individuals. Pre-operative plasma biomarkers could serve to assist during the evaluation of patients in whom cardiac surgery is planned.
To what extent do unmet healthcare needs explain health inequalities? A direct regression inequality decomposition
Authors: Oña Ana , Athanasios Kyriakides , Tederko Piotr , Escorpizo Reuben , Arora Mohit , Sturm Christian , Yang Shujuan , Barzallo Diana Pacheco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Inequality in health is a prevalent and growing concern among countries where people with disabilities are disproportionately affected. Unmet healthcare needs explain a large part of the observed inequalities between and within countries; however, there are other causes, many non-modifiable, that also play a role.Aim: This article explores the difference in health across income levels in populations with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI is of special interest in the study of health systems, as it is an irreversible, long-term health condition that combines a high level of impairment with subsequent comorbidities. Methods: We analyzed the importance of modifiable and non-modifiable factors related to inequalities through a direct regression approach to decomposing socioeconomic health inequality. We used two health outcomes: years after injury and a comorbidity index. Data come from the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey (InSCI), which include 22 countries around the world. Results: The results show that for the years after injury, the differences are mainly explained by the age of the injury of the participants (non-modifiable factor). However, for the comorbidities, modifiable factors as unmet healthcare needs and cause of the injury explain most inequalities observed. Results vary by country exhibiting a prevalence of pro-rich inequalities which means better health outcomes are observed in high-income groups.Conclusions: The probability to suffer and injury or accident, and the provisions of health services are not equally between and within countries, and even in high-income countries, the presence of inequality is still a problem, especially in vulnerable populations like people with SCI. To reduce inequity, it is important not only to address problems from public health but from inequalities of opportunities, risks and income in the population.
The clinical and pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy patients in Tibet
Authors: Liu Lijun , Si Fenglei , Mei Jiarong , A Yong , Tang Chen , Yao Yuxuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There are few studies on immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) at high altitude. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of IgAN between Tibet and Beijing, which provided a basis for improving diagnosis and treatment in Tibet. Method: The clinical and pathological data of 80 patients from the People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibetan group) and 991 patients from Peking University First Hospital (Beijing group) with IgAN proven by renal biopsy were compared retrospectively between January 2016 and July 2020. The kidney biopsy tissue was sent to the Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital for pathological evaluation.Results: The proteinuria (2.9 [2.0, 4.9] vs. 1.1 [0.5, 2.4] g/day, P<0.001) in the Tibetan group was significantly higher than that in the Beijing group. The serum albumin (30.4 ± 7.7 vs. 38.2 ± 5.5 g/L, P<0.001) and serum creatinine (127.4 ± 91.3 vs. 165.4 ± 156.0 μmol/L, P=0.017) were significantly lower in the Tibetan group. The eGFR (77.7 ± 37.8 vs. 62.1 ± 33.6 ml/min/1.73 m2, P=0.001) was higher in the Tibetan group. The percentage of patients with nephrotic syndrome in the Tibetan group was significantly higher than that in the Beijing group (33.8% vs. 4.7%, P<0.001).Conclusion: There are differences in the clinical characteristics of IgAN between plateau and plain regions. Trial registrationNot applicable
Alterations in the gut microbiota with the accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Chinese children
Authors: Sun Jiahong , Ma Xiaoyun , Yang Liu , Jin Xuli , Zhao Min , Xi Bo , Song Suhang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The evidence on the effect of gut microbiota on the accumulation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors among children is scarce. We aimed to examine the alterations of gut microbiota with different numbers of CVD risk factors among children. Methods: Data were from the baseline study of the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study in Zibo, China. We compared the differences in gut microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing among 72 children with different numbers of CVD risk factors matched by age and sex (i.e., none, one, two-or-more, 24 children for each group). Results: The community richness and diversity of gut microbiota decreased with an increased number of CVD risk factors in children (P for trend<0.05). The β-diversity analyses indicated a significant separation in the community composition among the three groups. Among genera with relative abundance greater than 0.01%, the relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium (PFDR=0.009) increased in the CVD risk groups, whereas Alistipes (PFDR<0.001) and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (PFDR=0.043) decreased in the CVD risk groups compared to the non-risk group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that genus Christensenellaceae_R-7_group performed a high ability in identifying one and two-or-more risk from non-risk (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.84-0.92), and genera Family_XIII_AD3011_group (AUC: 0.73-0.91) and Lachnoclostridium (AUC:0.77-0.80) performed moderate abilities in identifying none, one, and two-or-more CVD risk factors in children. The disorders of gut microbiota participating in the D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways might lead to the accumulation of CVD risk factors in children. Conclusions: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota particularly for genera Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, and Lachnoclostridium may contribute to the early detection and the accumulation of CVD risk factors in childhood.
Bladder cancer-derived exosomal KRT6B promotes invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT and regulating the immune microenvironment
Authors: Song Qiang , Yu Hao , Cheng Yidong , Han Jie , Li Kai , Zhuang Juntao , Lv Qiang , Yang Xiao , Yang Haiwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have recently been shown to participate in the formation and progression of different cancer processes, including tumor microenvironment remodeling, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the function and mechanism of exosome-encapsulated nucleic acids and proteins in bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tumor-derived exosomes on the tumorigenesis and development of bladder cancer. Methods: In this study, the gene expression profiles and clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and two independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The nucleic acids and proteins encapsulated in BLCA-derived exosomes were obtained from the ExoCarta database. Based on these databases, the expression patterns of exosomal mRNAs and proteins and matched clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, we carried out a series of experiments to verify the relevant findings. Results: A total of 7280 differentially expressed mRNAs were found in TCGA data, and of which, 52 mRNAs were shown to be encapsulated in BLCA-derived exosomes. Survival analysis based on the ULCAN database showed that among the top 10 upregulated and the top 10 down-regulated exosomal genes, only the expression of KRT6B had a statistically significant effect on the survival of bladder cancer patients. Additionally, clinical correlation analysis showed that the elevated level of KRT6B was highly associated with bladder cancer stages, grades, and metastasis status. The GSEA analysis revealed that KRT6B was not only involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition related pathways but also the immune response in bladder cancer. Ultimately, our experimental results were also consistent with the bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion: KRT6B, which can be detected in BLCA-derived exosomes, plays an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune responses of bladder cancer. Further research will make it a robust prognostic marker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Wind Speed Forecast based on Combined Theory, Multi-objective Optimisation, and Sub-model Selection
Authors: Fu Tonglin , Zhang Shenghui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wind energy is the primary energy source for a sustainable and pollution-free global power supply. However, because of its characteristic irregularity, nonlinearity, non-stationarity, randomness, and intermittency, previous studies have only focused on stability or accuracy, and the forecast performances of their models were poor. Moreover, in previous research, the selection of sub-models used for the combined model was not considered, which weakened the generalisability. Therefore, to further improve the forecast accuracy and stability of the wind speed forecasting model, and to solve the problem of sub-model selection in the combined model, this study developed a wind speed forecasting model using data preprocessing, a multi-objective optimisation algorithm, and sub-model selection for the combined model. Simulation experiments showed that our combined model not only improved the forecasting accuracy and stability but also chose different sub-models and different weights of the combined model for different data; this improved the model generalisability. Specifically, the MAPEs of our model are less than 4.96%, 4.60% and 5.25% in one, two and three step forecast.Thus, the proposed combined model is demonstrated as an effective tool for grid dispatching.
Changes in the characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter over time since inter-planting with herbaceous species in orchards on the Loess Plateau
Authors: zhang rongqin , Li Ming , Gao Xiaodong , Duan Yuanmin , Cai Yaohui , Li Huike , Zhao Xining , Wang Yanping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Agroecosystems C balance and its evolution are currently hot topics in soil carbon cycling studies. Previous studies have only focused on evolutionary signatures and the timing of SOC equilibrium being achieved in dryland inter-planting systems, but it is not known whether soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) responds consistently.
Methods
Based on the principle of “space instead of time”, this paper investigates the changes in DOM content, components and spectral characteristics in a planted grassland system using a three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC).
Results
With increased time since sowing, DOM concentration at 0–10 cm increased: by 56.31%, 39.87%, and 34.78% compared to the CT. Over time, three humic-like components and the relative abundances of two of these clearly increased. The content of protein-like components also increased, but there was a concomitant decrease in their relative abundance. The ultraviolet-visible spectral and optical indices also indicated that soil DOM mainly originated from mix sources, and gradually tended towards greater DOM molecular complexity with increasing time since sowing. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil organic matter activity was mainly associated with factors driven by DOM variations before and after sowing 8 years ago.
Conclusions
Our results highlight that underplanting in orchards can effectively improve the accumulation of macro-molecular humic-like DOM, which probably promotes SOC storage and soil fertility. However, it is not clear over time whether soil DOM reaches an equilibrium or continues to increase; thus, long-term experiments are required before more general conclusions can be drawn.
WITHDRAWN: Characterized raw Leucaena leucocephala pod (LLP) as biosorbent produced high adsorption of Pb(II) ions in a synthetic aqueous solution
Authors: Razak Noor Harliza Abd , Idris Juferi , Musa Mohibah , Jaapar Jepri , Puasa Siti Wahidah , Mukhelas Nazmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Biosorbent from a plant-based material with characterized properties is important to remove heavy metals hence reduce the impact on humans and aquatic life. This study proposes to remove Pb(II) in a synthetic aqueous solution using characterized plant-based raw Leucaena leucocephala pod (LLP) via adsorption experiment. The effects of pH synthetic aqueous solution and raw LLP dosage on Pb(II) adsorption were investigated. The characteristics of raw LLP before and after adsorption of Pb (II) were also studied. It was found that the highest adsorption capacity of Pb(II) was obtained at pH 5 of synthetic solution with 1.1 mg/g adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, the optimum dosage of raw LLP was 40 g/L at 30 min retention time, resulting in 93% of Pb(II) removal. Optimum removal of Pb(II) using raw LLP in this study was obtained under low retention time of adsorption process compared to other studies using others plant based biosorbent but comparable in terms of heavy metal removal. Raw LLP can be effectively used directly without modification as a biosorbent in removing Pb(II) in industrial waste, hence provides an alternative method for pollutants removal which is safe for the environment and abundantly available.
Deep-sea environmental changes caused by earthquake-induced sediment resuspension on the continental slope off Sanriku, Japan: a comparison before and after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Wakita Masahide , Watanabe Shuichi , Yoshino Jun , Oguri Kazumasa , Nomaki Hidetaka , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Nagano Akira , Fujikura Katsunori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake occurred off southern Sanriku, Japan, on 11 March and generated strong shaking and a huge tsunami along the entire eastern coast of Tohoku. The mainshock and numerous aftershocks caused mass-wasting sedimentation events on the continental shelf, slope, and trench bottom. To investigate the impacts of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the deep-sea environment off Sanriku, we conducted shipboard surveys up to ~2000 dbar during 2011–2018 and long-term monitoring of the seafloor on the continental slope using a deep-sea station (~1000 dbar) off Otsuchi Bay during 2014–2018. The turbidity calculated from light transmissometer anomaly data for the bottom layer deeper than 500 dbar on the continental slope was ~6% and higher than the values usually observed there. This high turbidity during 2011–2018 was caused by sporadic sediment resuspension induced by frequent aftershocks in the area off Sanriku. We found that dissolved oxygen concentrations between 1000 dbar and 1500 dbar dropped significantly by about 10% after the earthquake, whereas nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon showed no significant difference and displayed a wide variation. The correlation between light transmissometer anomaly values and chemical parameters at 1000–1500 dbar suggests that turbidity increased the concentrations of phosphate, silicate, dissolved inorganic carbon, and methane, and decreased dissolved oxygen and nitrate. The deep-sea chemical environment was changed by remineralization resulting from the respiration and denitrification of microbial communities after the earthquake. The environmental change in the deep sea was maintained by sediment resuspension caused by continued aftershocks and was likely caused by variations in dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients on the slope after the mainshock and aftershocks. The concentration and carbon isotope ratio of methane between 1000 and 2000 dbar near the hypocenter shows two peaks with high light transmissometer anomaly values near the isopycnal surfaces of 27.38σθ (1000 dbar) and 27.56σθ (1500 dbar). These sources of chemical input contributed by sediment resuspension induced by the mainshock and aftershocks might have been derived from shallow sediment on the continental slope and deep sub-seafloor reservoirs.
Femtosecond Laser Texturing of DLC based coatings by DLW Method with Sub-micrometer Precision
Authors: Čermák Adam , Simonović Kosta , Bondarev Andrey , Kožmín Pavel , Syrovátka Šimon , Polcar Tomáš , Syrovátka Jiří 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The enhancement of functional surfaces by laser texturing has been investigated in many studies; however, it has been often applied to the substrate. New laser technologies, such as the direct laser writing (DLW) method using a femtosecond laser, allow the production of extremely precise textures into both substrates and thin films. This paper investigates two distinct methods producing various textures: (i) the substrate is textured before the deposition of the diamond-like carbon coating (DLC), and (ii) the texture is produced into DLC coating deposited on a polished substrate. Our goal was to achieve identical topography in both cases; the textured area was as large as 170 mm2. The textured topography was assessed by 3D laser scanning microscope, which confirmed the repeatability of fs laser processing. Raman spectroscopy mapping, SEM, and XPS were combined to investigate the effect of laser processing on DLC coating in terms of oxidation or structural changes.
The Growth of Recovery Capital in Clients of Recovery Residences in Florida, USA: A Quantitative Pilot Study of Changes in REC-CAP Profile Scores
Authors: Härd Sofia , Best David , Sondhi Arun , Lehman John , Riccardi Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a growing evidence base around the effectiveness of a range of recovery residence models, particularly Oxford Houses and Sober Living Houses, and recovery housing is recognized as a clearly evidenced area of recovery intervention. The aim of the study was to quantitatively assess recovery capital in a sample of recovery residence clients. Method: The study used a repeated measures self-completion of a standardized recovery capital instrument for clients retained across various houses within one recovery residence provider. While 823 clients participated in the baseline assessment, a sample of 267 clients was achieved for six-month follow-up interview, based on those retained in the residence. A logistic regression model examined factors associated with retention and a repeated measures marginal mixed model evaluated the factors associated with changes in recovery capital between the baseline and the follow-up assessment.Results: Members of the group that remained in recovery residences were more likely to be older males with a record of high participation in recovery groups, with greater drop-out among younger residents, female residents and those with low levels of recovery group engagement at baseline. For those retained to follow-up, greater recovery capital growth was associated with employment, higher levels of social support and more recovery group involvement, as well as age and a higher quality of life. The recovery residence found it harder to retain younger clients, women and those with less prior involvement in recovery groups. However, those younger people who were retained reported better recovery capital growth during the initial six months of residence. Conclusion: The key conclusion is that while recovery capital generally increases during stay in a recovery residence, it does not do so consistently and this has implications for how recovery group engagement and social support is emphasized during periods of residence, particularly for younger and female residents, and the potential need for developing specialist supports for these populations.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–kynurenine axis promotes oncogenic activity in BCP-ALL
Authors: Wang Li-Ting , Liu Kwei-Yan , Wang Shen-Nien , Lin Ming-Hong , Huang Shau-Ku , Hsu Shih-Hsien , Chiou Shyh-Shin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), the most common childhood cancer, originates from lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow committed to the B-cell lineage. Environmental factors and genetic abnormalities disturb the normal maturation of these precursor cells, promoting the formation of leukemia cells and suppressing normal hematopoiesis. The underlying mechanisms of progression are unclear, but BCP-ALL incidence seems to be increasing in parallel with the adoption of modern lifestyles. This study hypothesized that air pollution and haze are risk factors for BCP-ALL progression. The current study revealed that indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), a major component of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, promotes oncogenic activities (proliferation, transformation, and disease relapse) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IP treatment activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDOs) axis, thereby enhancing tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine (KYN) level and consequent promoting the KYN–AHR feedback loop. IP treatment decreased the time to disease relapse and increased the BCP-ALL cell count in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Additionally, in 50 clinical BCP-ALL samples, AHR and IDO were co-expressed in a disease-specific manner at mRNA and protein levels, while their mRNA levels showed significant correlation with disease-free survival duration. These results indicated that PAH/IP exposure promotes BCP-ALL disease progression.