bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EntamoebaSpecies andEntamoeba histolytica
Authors: Mathison Blaine A , Pritt Bobbi S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEntamoebaspecies are unicellular eukaryotes that parasitise all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates. Only three species ofEntamoebahave been proven to cause disease and sometimes death in their hosts:Entamoeba histolytica, a parasite of humans,Entamoeba nuttalli, a parasite of nonhuman primates andEntamoeba invadens, a parasite of reptiles. Other species appear to live as commensals in their hosts and do not cause evident disease. Amoebiasis is defined as infection withE. histolytica. Most cases of amoebiasis are asymptomatic, butE. histolyticacan cause intestinal or disseminated disease. Identification ofE. histolyticais complicated by the existence of three morphologically identical amoebae that may also colonise the human intestinal tract,Entamoeba dispar,Entamoeba bangladeshiandEntamoeba moshkovskii, none of which have been proven to cause disease (although the potential for pathogenicity in the latter two is not fully understood).Entamoebaspp. are commonly studied to gain further insight into protozoal evolution, amoeboid locomotion and cell‐killing ability, amongst other topics.Key ConceptsEntamoebaspecies are unicellular eukaryotes in the supergroup Amoebozoa.Entamoebaspecies parasitise all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates.The life cycle of mostEntamoebaspecies consists of a motile, feeding and reproductive trophozoite stage and an environmentally resistant cyst stage responsible for transmitting the infection.MostEntamoebaspecies do not cause disease in their host and are considered commensal organisms.Entamoeba histolyticainfection is referred to as amoebiasis regardless of whether symptoms are present.Most infections withE. histolyticain humans are asymptomatic, butE. histolyticacan rarely cause dysentery or disseminated disease and is associated with significant human morbidity and mortality worldwide.Diagnosis and epidemiologic studies ofE. histolyticaare complicated by the presence of morphologically identical amoebae in human faeces.Entamoebaspecies are studied to gain insights into aspects of biology, including human disease, parasitism, evolution, cell locomotion and cell‐killing mechanisms.
Telehealth Made EASY: Understanding Provider Perceptions of Telehealth Appropriateness in Outpatient Rheumatology Encounters
Authors: Smith Isaac D. , Coles Theresa M. , Howe Catherine , Overton Robert , Economou‐Zavlanos Nicoleta , Solomon Mary J. , Zhao Rong , Adagarla Bhargav , Doss Jayanth , Henao Ricardo , Clowse Megan E. B. , Leverenz David L. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel scoring system, the Encounter Appropriateness Score for You (EASY), to assess provider perceptions of telehealth appropriateness in rheumatology encounters.MethodsThe EASY scoring system prompts providers to rate their own encounters as follows: in‐person or telehealth acceptable, EASY = 1; in‐person preferred, EASY = 2; or telehealth preferred, EASY = 3. Assessment of the EASY scoring system occurred at a single academic institution from January 1, 2021, to August 31, 2021. Data were collected in three rounds: 1) initial survey (31 providers) assessing EASY responsiveness to five hypothetical scenarios, 2) follow‐up survey (34 providers) exploring EASY responsiveness to 11 scenario modifications, and 3) assessment of EASYs documented in clinic care.ResultsThe initial and follow‐up surveys demonstrated responsiveness of EASYs to different clinical and nonclinical factors. For instance, less than 20% of providers accepted telehealth when starting a biologic for active rheumatoid arthritis, although more than 35% accepted telehealth in the same scenario if the patient lived far away or was well known to the provider. Regarding EASY documentation, 27 providers provided EASYs for 12,381 encounters. According to these scores, telehealth was acceptable or preferred for 29.7% of all encounters, including 21.4% of in‐person encounters. Conversely, 24.4% of telehealth encounters were scored as in‐person preferred.ConclusionEASY is simple, understandable, and responsive to changes in the clinical scenario. We have successfully accumulated 12,381 EASYs that can be studied in future work to better understand telehealth utility and optimize telehealth triage.
Rudorffites and Beyond: Perovskite‐Inspired Silver/Copper Pnictohalides for Next‐Generation Environmentally Friendly Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Chakraborty Abhisek , Pai Narendra , Zhao Jing , Tuttle Blair R. , Simonov Alexandr N. , Pecunia Vincenzo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the wake of lead‐halide perovskite research, bismuth‐ and antimony‐based perovskite‐inspired semiconducting materials are attracting increasing attention as safer and potentially more robust alternatives to lead‐based archetypes. Of particular interest are the group IB–group VA halide compositions with a generic formula AxByXx+3y (A+ = Cu+/Ag+; B3+ = Bi3+/Sb3+; X– = I–/Br–), i.e., silver/copper pnictohalides and derivatives thereof. This family of materials forms 3D structures with much higher solar cell efficiencies and greater potential for indoor photovoltaics than the lower‐dimensional bismuth/antimony‐based perovskite‐inspired semiconductors. Furthermore, silver/copper pnictohalides are being investigated for applications beyond photovoltaics, e.g., for photodetection, ionization radiation detection, memristors, and chemical sensors. Such versatility parallels the wide range of possible compositions and synthetic routes, which enable various structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties. This manuscript surveys the growing research on silver/copper pnictohalides, highlighting their composition–structure–property relationships and the status and prospects of the photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices based thereon. The authors hope that the insights provided herein might accelerate the development of eco‐friendly and stable perovskite‐inspired materials for next‐generation photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Tunable Bi‐directional Photoresponse in Hybrid PtSe2−x Thin Films Based on Precisely Controllable Selenization Engineering
Authors: Lian Yunlu , Han Jiayue , Yang Ming , Peng Silu , Zhang Chaoyi , Han Chao , Zhang Xingchao , Liu Xianchao , Zhou Hongxi , Wang Yang , Lan Changyong , Gou Jun , Jiang Yadong , Liao Yulong , Yu He , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBi‐directional photodetection with positive and negative photoconductance (PPC/NPC) plays a critical role in building next‐generation artificial neuromorphic systems, visual information processing and optoelectronic logic gates of the future. However, the typical device configuration based on heterostructures with strict working principles restricts the diversity of material selection. In this work, a novel strategy is proposed to fabricate bi‐directional photoresponse devices based on PtSe2−x films with precisely controllable selenization engineering. It is found that the PtSe2−x films are composed of Pt and PtSe2 components. The direction of the photocurrent can be reversibly modulated in a broadband range by tuning the ratio of PtSe2 in the film, which is ascribed to the synergistic mechanism of bolometric effect of Pt and photoconductive effect of PtSe2. The polarity switching wavelength from NPC to PPC can be further modulated through tuning the components of the film for specific demand. The tunable bi‐directional photoresponse enables the device to mimic the fundamental functions of artificial synapses all optically, such as aversion learning capability and logical functions, with high paired pulse facilitation index. This work potentially opens an opportunity for the development of advanced artificial neuromorphic systems and optoelectronic logic gates.
Lithiophilic Interphase Porous Buffer Layer toward Uniform Nucleation in Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Shen Xiaohua , Shi Shun , Li Bailing , Li Shengyang , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Song , Deng Hongli , Zhang Qiusheng , Zhu Jian , Duan Xidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLithium metal batteries are highly desired for durable and high‐power energy storage devices due to high theoretical capacity and lowest redox potential. Nevertheless, high activity of Li, large volume change, and Li dendrite formation during cycling severely hinder their further application. Herein, an inventive Cu collector decorated with holey MoO2‐Mo3N2 heterojunction nanobelts‐coated reductive graphene oxide (G‐MoO2‐Mo3N2, GMM) for high‐performance Li metal batteries is reported. The collector features synergistic functions of remarkable lithiophilicity, a built‐in electric field formed by splendid interfacial contact, and dense lithiophilic‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase layer. They facilitate robust charge transfer and ionic diffusion, and meliorate inhomogenous Li‐ion flux for inhibiting the growth of dendrites. In addition, the incorporation of flexible graphene layer enhances the structural integrity and electron transport kinetics. Remarkably, it is demonstrated that GMM significantly enhances Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.5% over 1566 cycles (0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, excellent cycling and rate capability of full cells with the GMM@Cu anode and high areal loading of LiFePO4 cathode (22.2 mg cm−2) are also realized. This work illustrates the superiority of synergetic design of lithiophilic sites plus electron transport kinetics for the current collector of Li‐metal anode to seek the high energy density.
Understanding of Oxygen Redox in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Zhong Haoyin , Xi Shibo , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xue Junmin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe electron‐transfer process during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) often either proceeds solely via a metal redox chemistry (adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), with metal bands around the Fermi level) or an oxygen redox chemistry (lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), with oxygen bands around the Fermi level). Unlike the AEM, the LOM involves oxygen redox chemistry instead of metal redox, which leads to the formation of a direct oxygen–oxygen (OO) bond. As a result, such a process is able to bypass the rate‐determining step, that is, OO bonding, in AEM, which highlights the critical advantage of LOM as compared to the conventional AEM. Thus, it has been well reported that LOM‐based catalysts are able to demonstrate higher OER activities as compared to AEM‐based catalysts. Here, a comprehensive understanding of the oxygen redox in LOM and all documented and possible characterization techniques that can be used to identify the oxygen redox are reviewed. This review will interpret the origins of oxygen redox in the reported LOM‐based electrocatalysts and the underlying science of LOM‐induced surface reconstruction in transition metal oxides. Finally, perspectives on the future development of LOM electrocatalysts are also provided.
A Van Der Waals Reconfigurable Multi‐Valued Logic Device and Circuit Based on Tunable Negative‐Differential‐Resistance Phenomenon
Authors: Seo Seunghwan , Cho Jeong‐Ick , Jung Kil‐Su , Andreev Maksim , Lee Ju‐Hee , Ahn Hogeun , Jung Sooyoung , Lee Taeran , Kim Byeongchan , Lee Seojoo , Kang Juncheol , Lee Kyeong‐Bae , Lee Ho‐Jun , Kim Ki Seok , Yeom Geun Young , Heo Keun , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti‐valued logic (MVL) technology that utilizes more than two logic states has recently been reconsidered because of the demand for greater power saving in current binary logic systems. Extensive efforts have been invested in developing MVL devices with multiple threshold voltages by adopting negative differential transconductance and resistance. In this study, a reconfigurable, multiple negative‐differential‐resistance (m‐NDR) device with an electric‐field‐induced tunability of multiple threshold voltages is reported, which comprises a BP/ReS2 heterojunction and a ReS2/h‐BN/metal capacitor. Tunability for the m‐NDR phenomenon is achieved via the resistance modulation of the ReS2 layer by electrical pulses applied to the capacitor region. Reconfigurability is verified in terms of the function of an MVL circuit composed of a reconfigurable m‐NDR device and a load transistor, wherein staggered‐type and broken‐type double peak‐NDR device operations are adopted for ternary inverter and latch circuits, respectively.
High‐Performance Electrostrictive Relaxors with Dispersive Endotaxial Nanoprecipitations
Authors: Liu Ye , Deng Shiqing , Li Jun , Huo Chuanrui , Wang Lu , Sun Shengdong , Zhang Yueyun , Wu Jie , Liu Hui , Qi He , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrahigh‐precision manufacturing and detection have highlighted the importance of investigating electrostrictive materials with a weak stimulated extrinsic electric field and a simultaneous large hysteresis‐free strain. In this study, a new type of electrostrictive relaxor ferroelectric is designed by constructing a complex inhomogeneous local structure to realize excellent electrostrictive properties. A remarkably large electrostrictive coefficient, M33 (8 × 10−16 m2 V−2) is achieved. Through a combined atomic‐scale scanning transmission electron microscopy and advanced in situ high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, it is observed that such superior electrostrictive properties can be ascribed to a special domain structure that consists of endotaxial nanoprecipitations embedded in a polar matrix at the phase boundary of the rhombohedral/tetragonal/cubic phases. The matrix contributes to the high strain response under the weak extrinsic electric field because of the highly flexible polarization and randomly dispersed endotaxial nanoprecipitations with a nonpolar central region, which provide a strong restoring force that reduces the strain hysteresis. The approach developed in this study is widely applicable to numerous relaxor ferroelectrics, as well as other dielectrics, for further enhancing their electrical properties, such as electrostriction and energy‐storage capacity.
Structure/Interface Coupling Effect for High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Cathodes
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Hongyi , Zhang Shu , Dai Alvin , Li Tianyi , Mei Yu , Ni Lianshan , Gao Xu , Deng Wentao , Yu Lei , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Dahbi Mouad , Xu Wenqian , Wen Jianguo , Alami Jones , Liu Tongchao , Amine Khalil , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiCoO2 (LCO) is widely applied in today's rechargeable battery markets for consumer electronic devices. However, LCO operations at high voltage are hindered by accelerated structure degradation and electrode/electrolyte interface decomposition. To overcome these challenges, co‐modified LCO (defined as CB‐Mg‐LCO) that couples pillar structures with interface shielding are successfully synthesized for achieving high‐energy‐density and structurally stable cathode material. Benefitting from the “Mg‐pillar” effect, irreversible phase transitions are significantly suppressed and highly reversible Li+ shuttling is enabled. Interestingly, bonding effects between the interfacial lattice oxygen of CB‐Mg‐LCO and amorphous CoxBy coating layer are found to elevate the formation energy of oxygen vacancies, thereby considerably mitigating lattice oxygen loss and inhibiting irreversible phase transformation. Meanwhile, interface shielding effects are also beneficial for mitigating parasitic electrode/electrolyte reactions, subsequent Co dissolution, and ultimately enable a robust electrode/electrolyte interface. As a result, the as‐designed CB‐Mg‐LCO cathode achieves a high capacity and excellent cycle stability with 94.6% capacity retention at an extremely high cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V. These findings provide new insights for cathode material modification methods, which serves to guide future cathode material design.
Placement of Biological Membrane Patches in a Nanofluidic Gap With Control Over Position and Orientation
Authors: Ruggeri Francesca , Schwemmer Christian , Stauffer Mirko , Nicollier Philippe M. , Figueiredo da Silva Jacqueline , Bosshart Patrick D. , Kochems Kirstin , Fotiadis Dimitrios , Knoll Armin , Wolf Heiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurple membranes from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum consist of 2D crystals of the light‐driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, which convert photons into a proton gradient across the cell membrane. This functional feature and the structural rigidity make them appealing candidates for integration into biomimetic devices. To this end, and in order to carry out their function, purple membranes must be positioned in the correct orientation at the position of interest. Precise placement and control over the orientation of nanoscale objects still constitutes a formidable challenge. Here, it is shown that isolated purple membrane patches can be transported and positioned at predefined locations in nanofluidic confinement, with control over their orientation at the target sites. The transport is achieved through a rocking Brownian motor scheme, while the controlled deposition of the membranes is realized by engineering the surface potential of a fluid‐filled nanofluidic slit. This controlled manipulation of purple membrane patches outlines a new pathway toward the integration of biological or other delicate supramolecular structures into top–down‐fabricated patterns, for the assembly of nanoscale hybrid devices that serve as a light‐driven source of (chemical) energy.
A Comprehensive Review of One Decade of Microfluidic Platforms Applications in Synthesis of Enhanced Carriers Utilized in Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Siavashy Saeed , Soltani M. , Ahmadi Mahnaz , Landi Behnaz , Mehmanparast Hedayeh , Ghorbani‐Bidkorbeh Fatemeh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNovel nanocarriers such as multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted attention due to their various applications, specifically in medicine and treatment. However, it is vital that these particles be synthesized with meticulous control of different structural, chemical, and physical properties. In response to this demand, microfluidic (MF) technology as a reliable procedure can provide promising results in the development of desired NPs and efficient drug delivery systems. By controlling the flow rates of multiphase fluids and conditions of chemical reactions, MF technology enables the fabrication of uniform and highly stable particles with enhanced surfaces, higher encapsulation efficiency, and controlled release of therapeutic agents compared with conventional bulk methods. This review article investigates the MF‐based methods utilized in the synthesis of NPs and their advantages in developing novel drug delivery systems. It also provides a comprehensive comparison with conventional methods from a different point of view, emphasizing a novel category of nanocarriers’ critical characteristics. In addition, a summary of the most recent representative works on NPs fabrication by MF procedures is presented, and their potential and applications in drug delivery are discussed.
Assaying Macrophage Chemotaxis Using Fluid‐Walled Microfluidics
Authors: Deroy Cyril , Rumianek Agata N. , Wheeler James H. R. , Nebuloni Federico , Cook Peter R. , Greaves David R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile many tools exist to study immune‐cell chemotaxis in vitro, current methods often lack desirable features. Using fluid‐walled microfluidics, circuits are built around primary murine macrophages deposited in pre‐defined patterns on Petri dishes or microplates. Concentration gradients of complement component 5a (C5a) are established in flow‐free or flowing environments, cell migration imaged, and cell directionality and velocity correlated to calculated local C5a concentrations. In flow‐free circuits built around patterned macrophages, only cells nearest the C5a source migrate regardless of local attractant concentration. Conversely, in flowing circuits free from intercellular signaling and attractant degradation, only cells distant from the source migrate. In both systems, cells respond to lower C5a concentrations than previously reported (≈0.1 pM). Finally, macrophages follow instantly‐shifted gradients better than slowly‐shifting ones, suggesting that migration depends on both spatial and temporal responses to concentration.
Ionic Liquid‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensors, Energy, Biomedicine, and Environmental Applications: Roadmap to the Future
Authors: Mishra Kirti , Devi Nishu , Siwal Samarjeet Singh , Zhang Qibo , Alsanie Walaa F. , Scarpa Fabrizio , Thakur Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrent interest toward ionic liquids (ILs) stems from some of their novel characteristics, like low vapor pressure, thermal stability, and nonflammability, integrated through high ionic conductivity and broad range of electrochemical strength. Nowadays, ionic liquids represent a new category of chemical‐based compounds for developing superior and multifunctional substances with potential in several fields. ILs can be used in solvents such as salt electrolyte and additional materials. By adding functional physiochemical characteristics, a variety of IL‐based electrolytes can also be used for energy storage purposes. It is hoped that the present review will supply guidance for future research focused on IL‐based polymer nanocomposites electrolytes for sensors, high performance, biomedicine, and environmental applications. Additionally, a comprehensive overview about the polymer‐based composites’ ILs components, including a classification of the types of polymer matrix available is provided in this review. More focus is placed upon ILs‐based polymeric nanocomposites used in multiple applications such as electrochemical biosensors, energy‐related materials, biomedicine, actuators, environmental, and the aviation and aerospace industries. At last, existing challenges and prospects in this field are discussed and concluding remarks are provided.
Racial and ethnic differences in blood pressure before and after the 2016 United States general election
Authors: Hwang Andrew Y. , Cardel Michelle I. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe 2016 U.S. presidential election was a major source of stress among many adults. Psychosocial stress can manifest physiologically in elevated blood pressure (BP). Little is known regarding the association of macro‐level sociopolitical events with BP changes at the population‐level. This study sought to characterize population‐level changes in BP following the 2016 U.S. presidential election.MethodsUsing 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included participants aged ≥18 years during the same periods prior to (May to October 2015/2016) and after (May to October 2017/2018) the election. Survey‐weighted data were analyzed to compare population‐level systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) pre‐ and post‐election, stratified by race/ethnicity. Sex differences were also investigated.ResultsWe observed significant increases in SBP among non‐Hispanic (NH) Asian participants (+3.4 mmHg; p = .046), but not among other racial/ethnic participants. DBP increased among NH Black participants (+2.3 mmHg; p = .049) and Mexican American participants (+2.9 mmHg; p = .007), but not among other racial/ethnic participants. These changes appeared attributable to differential BP changes by sex.ConclusionsAt the population‐level, variable changes in BP were observed by race/ethnicity following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, possibly driven by SBP elevations among women.