bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis for multiplet identification from ultra-high resolution 2D-1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra
Authors: Ferrante Laura , Rajpoot Kashif , Jeeves Mark , Ludwig Christian 
Published: October 2022

Background: Metabolism is essential for cell survival and proliferation. A deep understanding of the metabolic network and its regulatory processes is often vital to understand and overcome disease. Stable isotope tracing of metabolism using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool to derive mechanistic information of metabolic network activity. However, to retrieve meaningful information, automated tools are urgently needed to analyse these complex spectra and eliminate the bias introduced by manual analysis. Here, we present a data-driven algorithm to automatically annotate and analyse NMR signal multiplets in 2D-1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra arising from 13C -13C scalar couplings. The algorithm minimises the need for user input to guide the analysis of 2D-1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra by performing automated peak picking and multiplet analysis. This enables non-NMR specialists to use this technology. The algorithm has been integrated into the existing MetaboLab software package. Methods: To evaluate the algorithm performance two criteria are tested: is the peak correctly annotated and secondly how confident is the algorithm with its analysis. For the latter a coefficient of determination is introduced. Three datasets were used for testing. The first was to test reproducibility with three biological replicates, the second tested the robustness of the algorithm for different amounts of scaling of the apparent J-coupling constants and the third focused on different sampling amounts. Results: The algorithm annotated overall >90% of NMR signals correctly with average coefficient of determination ρ of 94.06 ± 5.08%, 95.47 ± 7.20% and 80.47 ± 20.98% respectively. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm accurately identifies and analyses NMR signal multiplets in ultra-high resolution 2D-1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra. It is robust to signal splitting enhancement and up to 25% of non-uniform sampling.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik untuk Produksi Biogas di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas II A Jember dengan Melibatkan Narapidana
Authors: Muharja Maktum , Darmayanti Rizki Fitria , Putri Ditta Kharisma Yolanda , Rahmawati Atiqa 
Published: October 2022

Kabupaten Jember memiliki Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) klas II A yang berlokasi di tengah kota Jember. Sampah yang dihasilkan di Lapas cukup banyak. Jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penghuni Lapas. Namun, jika sampah yang ada tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik akan langsung mencemari lingkungan. Solusi yang ditawarkan pada kegiatan ini adalah mendapatkan sumber energi baru agar lebih ekonomis. Solusi tersebut dilakukan dengan cara melaksanakan pengabdian berupa pemasangan perangkat pengolah biogas untuk Lapas Jember serta sosialisasi dan demonstrasi penggunaan alat. Metode yang dilaksanakan yaitu dengan cara survey, instalasi alat, dan pelaksanaan sosialiasi. Pengabdian ini menghasilkan teknologi tepat menggunakan alat fermentor biogas, dengan bahan baku yang dimasukkan ke dalam fermentor berupa sampah organik, air, dan rumen (kotoran sapi). Uji coba alat fermentor tersebut telah menghasilkan biogas dan dapat disosialisasikan kepada penghungi Lapas Klas IIA Jember.
Evaluating nursing opinion and perception of maggot therapy for hard-to-heal wound management
Authors: Hopkins Ruth CN , Williams Sharon , Brown Amy , Humphreys Ioan , Clifford Rebecca , Nigam Yamni 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Maggot therapy (MT) or larval debridement therapy is a recognised, effective but underutilised treatment for the management of hard-to-heal wounds and infected ulcers. It is available on NHS prescription in the UK, where wound management is predominantly nurse-led. Anecdotal reports and published literature suggest that nurses may be reluctant to utilise the therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feelings and opinions of nurses regarding the use of MT. Method: The first stage of this mixed-methods study was a focus group held to discuss MT and opinions of specialist nurse clinicians. Next, an anonymised web-based online survey was launched through the Nursing Times journal and distributed through social media targeting all nurses. Finally, in-depth interviews were held with specialist and generalist nurses. Results: Awareness of MT among all nurses was extremely high. A breakdown of results showed that MT was much more highly regarded by wound specialist nurses than non-wound specialist nurses. The latter exhibited a greater level of reluctance to administer the therapy, with almost one-third of these nurses surveyed saying they found maggots disgusting and that the idea of MT made their skin crawl. In-depth interviews revealed that a lack of knowledge about MT was a prime concern. Conclusion: Wound specialist nurses are more likely to embrace MT than non-wound nurse specialists, who report a varying degree of wariness to MT. Our study highlights a need for better education and training in MT for all nurses, to address issues with acceptance and willingness to treat or help treat patients with hard-to-heal wounds which are suitable for MT.
Combined application of moist exposed burn ointment and maggot therapy in wound healing
Authors: Song Mingzhi , Bai Xiaodong , Wang Deyu , Wang Qingxin , Pan Liwen , He Ping , Gong Ying , Sun Xiaohong , Xu Xiaoguang , Che Jianzhong , Wang Shouyu 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds are a global health challenge, and effective treatments are still lacking. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and maggots are traditional treatments for promoting wound healing. This study was a preliminary exploration of combined maggot therapy and MEBO in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. Method: A coexistence experiment was conducted to determine the survival rates of maggots in MEBO. The maggots were placed in two different existence conditions: one set in MEBO (MEBO group), and another set as the control group (no MEBO) to compare survival rates. Case reports describe the use of the combined application of MEBO and maggots in the treatment of patients with hard-to-heal wounds. Results: The coexistence experiment indicated that maggots in the MEBO group had a higher survival rate. From the therapeutic effect of the clinical cases (n=7), the combined application was safe and effective, with all the reported wounds eventually healing. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we believe the combined application of MEBO and maggots is a promising way of promoting wound healing. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanism of the combined application in promoting wound healing and to more persuasively clarify the therapeutic effect.
Zone 1 and 2 flexor tendon repair via a longitudinal incision crossing the volar distal interphalangeal joint: functional and cosmetic outcomes
Authors: Stirling PHC , Snowden GT , McEachan JE 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The primary aim of this study was to present patient-reported functional outcomes after zone 1 and 2 flexor tendon repair using a novel longitudinal volar approach crossing the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) perpendicularly. The secondary aims were to investigate the cosmetic outcomes, satisfaction and complication rates associated with this technique. Methods Over a 6-year period, 75 patients underwent flexor tendon repair using this technique. The quick version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L), Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and satisfaction questionnaires were collected. QuickDASH scores were available for 59 patients (79%), and POSAS scores were available for 45 patients (60%) at a mean follow-up of 48 months. Concomitant nerve repairs were undertaken in 24 cases. Results The median QuickDASH score was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.1–12.5) and median POSAS score was 12 (IQR 8–16). No significant difference was observed in median QuickDASH score between patients with and without a concomitant nerve repair (4.5 vs 6.8; p = 0.36). Fifty-six patients (94%) were satisfied. Two patients required open tenolysis, and a single case of early re-rupture occurred that required revision open repair. Conclusions Utilising validated patient-reported functional outcomes, this study demonstrated that a direct longitudinal incision over the DIPJ for zone 1 and 2 flexor tendon repairs can result in excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes, with high rates of patient satisfaction and low rates of complications. This challenges previously held dogma that longitudinal incisions crossing flexion creases should be avoided.
High-gain integrated in-line few-mode amplifier enabling 3840-km long-haul transmission
Authors: Xu Tao , Gao Tianyu , Wang Yanze , Li Wenhao , Li Wei , Du Cheng , Yang Zhiqun , Liu Yaping , Zhang Lin 
Published: October 2022

An integrated few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) with high modal gain is suitable for the in-line amplification in mode-division multiplexing transmission (MDM) systems. We first experimentally demonstrate a dual-stage integrated FM-EDFA supporting three linear polarization modes. Consisting of integrated passive components with low insertion losses, the FM-EDFA has a similar structure and performance to widely used commercial single-mode EDFAs. The averaged modal gain of 25 dB, the differential modal gain (DMG) of

<
1.1

dB

, and noise figures of 5–7 dB are simultaneously achieved. In addition, the DMG of the 3M-EDF itself is

∼
0.3

dB

. Moreover, an MDM transmission experiment with the in-line few-mode amplification by our proposed FM-EDFA over a 3840-km few-mode fiber link for a 28-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal is demonstrated.
Improving the quality of HIV rapid testing in Ghana using the dried tube specimen-based proficiency testing program
Authors: Nkrumah Bernard , Iriemenam Nnaemeka C. , Frimpong Francis , Kalou Mireille B. , Botchway Berenice , Adukpo Rowland , Jackson Keisha G. , Angra Pawan , Whistler Toni , Adhikari Amitabh P. , Ayisi-Addo Stephen , Melchior Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Background
The introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody rapid testing (RT) in resource-limited settings has proven to be a successful intervention to increase access to prevention measures and improve timely linkage to care. However, the quality of testing has not always kept pace with the scale-up of this testing strategy. To monitor the accuracy of HIV RT test results, a national proficiency testing (PT) program was rolled out at selected testing sites in Ghana using the dried tube specimen (DTS) approach.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2018, 635 HIV testing sites, located in five regions and supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), were enrolled in the HIV PT program of the Ghana Health Service National AIDS/STI Control Programme. These sites offered various services: HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART). The PT panels, composed of six DTS, were prepared by two regional laboratories, using fully characterized plasma obtained from the regional blood banks and distributed to the testing sites. The results were scored by the PT providers according to the predefined acceptable performance criteria which was set at ≥ 95%.

Results
Seven rounds of PT panels were completed successfully over three years. The number of sites enrolled increased from 205 in round 1 (June 2015) to 635 in round 7 (December 2018), with a noticeable increase in Greater Accra and Eastern regions. The average participation rates of enrolled sites ranged from 88.0% to 98.0% across the PT rounds. By round 7, HTC (257/635 (40.5%)) and PMTCT (237/635 (37.3%)) had a larger number of sites that participated in the PT program than laboratory (106/635 (16.7%)) and ART (12/635 (1.9%)) sites. The average testing performance rate improved significantly from 27% in round 1 to 80% in round 7 (p < 0.001). The highest performance rate was observed for ART (100%), HTC (92%), ANC/PMTCT (90%) and Laboratory (89%) in round 5.

Conclusion
The DTS PT program showed a significant increase in the participation and performance rates during this period. Sub-optimal performances observed was attributed to non-compliance to the national testing algorithm and testing technique. However, the implementation of review meetings, peer-initiated corrective action, supportive supervisory training, and mentorship proved impactful. The decentralized approach to preparing the PT panels ensured ownership by the region and districts.
Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020–21
Authors: Lucinde Ruth K. , Mugo Daisy , Bottomley Christian , Karani Angela , Gardiner Elizabeth , Aziza Rabia , Gitonga John N. , Karanja Henry , Nyagwange James , Tuju James , Wanjiku Perpetual , Nzomo Edward , Kamuri Evans , Thuranira Kaugiria , Agunda Sarah , Nyutu Gideon , Etyang Anthony O. , Adetifa Ifedayo M. O. , Kagucia Eunice , Uyoga Sophie , Otiende Mark , Otieno Edward , Ndwiga Leonard , Agoti Charles N. , Aman Rashid A. , Mwangangi Mercy , Amoth Patrick , Kasera Kadondi , Nyaguara Amek , Ng’ang’a Wangari , Ochola Lucy B. , Namdala Emukule , Gaunya Oscar , Okuku Rosemary , Barasa Edwine , Bejon Philip , Tsofa Benjamin , Ochola-Oyier L. Isabella , Warimwe George M. , Agweyu Ambrose , Scott J. Anthony G. , Gallagher Katherine E. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity.

Methods
We used residual blood samples from women attending antenatal care services at three hospitals in Kenya between August 2020 and October 2021and a validated IgG ELISA for SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and adjusted the results for assay sensitivity and specificity. We fitted a two-component mixture model as an alternative to the threshold analysis to estimate of the proportion of individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
We estimated seroprevalence in 2,981 women; 706 in Nairobi, 567 in Busia and 1,708 in Kilifi. By October 2021, 13% of participants were vaccinated (at least one dose) in Nairobi, 2% in Busia. Adjusted seroprevalence rose in all sites; from 50% (95%CI 42–58) in August 2020, to 85% (95%CI 78–92) in October 2021 in Nairobi; from 31% (95%CI 25–37) in May 2021 to 71% (95%CI 64–77) in October 2021 in Busia; and from 1% (95% CI 0–3) in September 2020 to 63% (95% CI 56–69) in October 2021 in Kilifi. Mixture modelling, suggests adjusted cross-sectional prevalence estimates are underestimates; seroprevalence in October 2021 could be 74% in Busia and 72% in Kilifi.

Conclusions
There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia and Kilifi Counties. Due to the length of time since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated cross-sectional surveys are now difficult to interpret without the use of models to account for antibody waning.
Adherence to multidisciplinary care in a prospective chronic kidney disease cohort is associated with better outcomes
Authors: Rios Pablo , Sola Laura , Ferreiro Alejandro , Silvariño Ricardo , Lamadrid Verónica , Ceretta Laura , Gadola Liliana ,   on behalf of all nephrologists who report to Programa de Salud Renal Uruguay Registry
Published: October 2022

Introduction
The Renal Healthcare Program Uruguay (NRHP-UY) is a national, multidisciplinary program that provides care to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In this study, we report the global results of CKD patient outcomes and a comparison between those treated at the NRHP-UY Units, with those patients who were initially included in the program but did not adhere to follow up.

Methods
A cohort of not-on dialysis CKD patients included prospectively in the NRHP-UY between October 1st 2004 and September 30th 2017 was followed-up until September 30th 2019. Two groups were compared: a) Nephrocare Group: Patients who had at least one clinic visit during the first year on NRHP-UY (n = 11174) and b) Non-adherent Group: Patients who were informed and accepted to be included but had no subsequent data registered after admission (n = 3485). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and all patients signed an informed consent. Outcomes were studied with Logistic and Cox´s regression analysis, Fine and Gray competitive risk and propensity-score matching tests.

Results
14659 patients were analyzed, median age 70 (60–77) years, 56.9% male. The Nephrocare Group showed improved achievement of therapeutic goals, ESKD was more frequent (HR 2.081, CI 95%1.722–2.514) as planned kidney replacement therapy (KRT) start (OR 2.494, CI95% 1.591–3.910), but mortality and the combined event (death and ESKD) were less frequent (HR 0.671, CI95% 0.628–0.717 and 0.777, CI95% 0.731–0.827) (p = 0.000) compared to the Non-adherent group. Results were similar in the propensity-matched group: ESKD (HR 2.041, CI95% 1.643–2.534); planned kidney replacement therapy (KRT) start (OR 2.191, CI95% 1.322–3.631) death (HR 0.692, CI95% 0.637–0.753); combined event (HR 0.801, CI95% 0.742–0.865) (p = 0.000).

Conclusion
Multidisciplinary care within the NRHP-UY is associated with timely initiation of KRT and lower mortality in single outcomes, combined analysis, and propensity-matched analysis.
Mortality among mine and mill workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica
Authors: Kleinschmidt Sarah E. , Andres Kara L. , Holen Brian M. , Buehrer Betsy D. , Durand Gerardo , Taiwo Oyebode , Olsen Geary W. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Millions of workers are potentially exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) which has been associated with several diseases. We updated the mortality experience of a cohort of 2,650 mine and mill workers at four manufacturing facilities to assess cause-specific mortality risks associated with estimated cumulative RCS exposure.

Methods
Study eligibility was defined as any employee who had ≥1 year of service by 2000, with work history experience available from 1945 through 2004. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained from 1945 through 2015. RCS exposure was estimated across plant-, department-, job-, and time-dependent categories using historic industrial hygiene sampling data and professional judgment. Associations between cumulative RCS (mg/m3-years) and cause-specific mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results
In the exposure-response analysis defined on quartiles of cumulative RCS exposure, no increasing trend (ptrend = 0.37) in lung cancer mortality (n = 116 deaths) was observed (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.00 (referent), 1.20, 1.85, 0.92). Mortality risk for non-malignant respiratory disease was increased across quartiles (HR = 1.00, 1.35, 1.89, 1.70; ptrend = 0.15), based on 83 deaths. Non-malignant renal disease mortality was increased across quartiles (HR = 1.00, 6.64, 3.79, 3.29; ptrend = 0.11), based on 26 deaths.

Conclusions
After nearly seven decades of follow-up, the exposure-response analyses showed no evidence of a positive trend for lung cancer, and limited evidence of a trend for non-malignant respiratory disease, and non-malignant renal disease mortality as a result of cumulative RCS exposure in this occupational cohort.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal qualitative study of participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Bloom Ilse , Zhang Jean , Hammond Julia , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Lawrence Wendy , Ward Kate A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Older adults have been especially vulnerable to adverse effects from the COVID-19 pandemic including higher mortality and more severe disease complications. At the same time, social isolation, malnutrition and physical inactivity are serious concerns among older adults. The pandemic and associated restrictions may serve to exacerbate these issues, presenting increased risks to physical and mental health. The aims of this qualitative study were: i) to explore how community-living older people in the UK experienced the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically how it impacted their well-being and associated health behaviours; ii) to explore how older people’s experiences and behaviours changed over time throughout the first wave.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected by conducting serial telephone interviews, with an interval of approximately three months. Participants were from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, all aged over 80 years. Discussions were audio-recorded, information related to the COVID-19 pandemic was transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically. Interviews were conducted from March to October 2020.

Results
Data for twelve participants (7 men and 5 women) from a total of 35 interviews were used, comprising two or three timepoints per participant. Analysis identified five overarching themes: 1) shopping strategies and food accessibility, 2) limitations on activities and going out, 3) disruption to healthcare, 4) social and psychological repercussions, and 5) coping strategies. Findings highlight challenges associated with accessing shops, healthcare, and usual activities due to pandemic-related restrictions. Longitudinal findings showed that for some, the ongoing pandemic and related restrictions appeared to aggravate mental health issues (low mood, anxiety) over time, as well as greater feelings of isolation or loneliness, reduced activity and functional limitations; this was despite some relaxation of restrictions later on. Coping strategies used by participants included finding ways to keep busy and to do physical activity safely, maintaining social contact remotely, and having an optimistic or positive outlook, a ‘do what you can’ attitude.

Conclusions
Interventions are likely to be needed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to support health behaviours, such as increasing physical activity, social engagement and improving mental health among community-living older adults.