bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EG-TransUNet: Enhanced and Guided U-Net with Transformer for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Authors: Pan Shaoming , Liu Xin , Xie Ningdi , Chong Yanwen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although methods based on convolutional neural network have improved the performance of biomedical image segmentation, to meet the precision requirements of medical imaging segmentation task, the medical image segmentation method based on the deep learning still need to solve the following problems: 1) It is difficult to extract the discriminative feature of the lesion region in medical images during the encoding caused by variable sizes and shapes; 2) It is difficult to fuse the spatial and semantic information of the lesion region effectively during the decoding caused by redundant information and semantic gap. In this paper, we propose a novel U-Net variant architecture called EG-TransUNet, which is able to improve the feature discrimination at the level of spatial detail and semantic location using progressive enhancement module (PEM) and channel spatial attention (CSA) based on self-attention and effectively fuse the spatial and semantic information using semantic guidance attention (SGA). The proposed EG-TransUNet allows to capture object variabilities and provides improved results on different biomedical datasets. Extensive experiments on EG-TransUNet demonstrate that the method advances the performance on five publicly available segmentation datasets, and also, is more generalizable as compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Influence of parameter selection strategy on tool wear when milling 3D printed functionally graded materials with textured tool under minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Wang Chengdong , Ge Yang , Ma Jianpu , Yu Zheming , Zhang Kedong , Liu Tongshun , Guo Xuhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) is a promising engineering material, which is highly desirable in extreme environments of aerospace, nuclear and bio-implants. Although the surface accuracy and quality of 3D printed Ni-Fe FGMs can meet most application scenarios, it still requires post-cutting treatment especially in nuclear industry. The FGMs, with the gradient of mechanical property, is a new type of difficult-to-cut material. However, no ready-made post milling process can be referred. The poor machined surface quality induced by severe tool wear still cannot be handled even with textured tool under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). In this paper, the mechanical properties and machinability of the Ni-Fe FGMs as well as its 5 isotropic component 304LxIN625y were firstly studied and correlated. Then, two milling parameter selection strategies were proposed by minimum milling force and by minimum surface roughness, corresponding to strategy I and strategy II. The results show that severe tool breakage occurs when strategy I is adopted. On the contrary, tool undergone continuous reciprocating cycles of bonding, coating peeling, re-bonding, re-peeling when strategy II is adopted. Un this circumstance, strategy II can reduce tool flank wear by 40.1% regarding to the synergistic effect of micro-texture and MQL, which is a prospective method to solve the low tool durability during machining of 3D printed Ni-Fe FGMs.
Deeply nonlinear excitation of self-normalised exchange spin waves
Authors: Wang Qi , Verba Roman , Heinz Björn , Schneider Michael , Wojewoda Ondřej , Davídková Kristýna , Levchenko Khrystyna , Dubs Carsten , Mauser Norbert , Urbánek Michal , Pirro Philipp , Chumak Andrii 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spin waves are ideal candidates for wave-based computing, but the construction of magnetic circuits is blocked by a lack of an efficient mechanism to excite long-running exchange spin waves with normalised amplitudes. Here, we solve the challenge by exploiting the deeply nonlinear phenomena of forward-volume spin waves in 200 nm wide nanoscale waveguides and validate our concept with microfocused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. An unprecedented nonlinear frequency shift of >2 GHz is achieved, corresponding to a magnetisation precession angle of 55° and enabling the excitation of exchange spin waves with a wavelength of down to ten nanometres with an efficiency of >80%. The amplitude of the excited spin waves is constant and independent of the input microwave power due to the self-locking nonlinear shift, enabling robust adjustment of the spin wave amplitudes in future on-chip magnonic integrated circuits.
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene on potassium efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Qianqian Wang , Wei Yan , Yichi Zhang , Manman Zhan , Xiaoli Luo , Egrinya Eneji A. , Anhong Zhang , Juanli Xiao , Fangjun Li , Tian Xiaoli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency became a common field production problem following the widespread adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) worldwide. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the introduction of Bt gene directly reduces the K-use efficiency of cotton to cause K deficiency. The cotton variety, Jihe 321 (wild type, WT) and its two Bt (Cry1Ac)-transgenic lines (OE-29317, OE-29312) were studied in growth chamber and field with low soil-test K+ (47.8 mg kg− 1). When silencing of Bt gene (~ 70%) in OE-29317 and OE-29312 plants by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), VIGS-Bt plants did not produce more biomass than VIGS-Ctrl plants. In the field with low soil-test K+, OE-29317 but not OE-29312 had less biomass and K+ accumulation than those of WT at some growth stages. Moreover, both Bt lines produced similar or even greater seed cotton yield than WT in the field. Taken together, the introduction of Bt gene did not necessarily hinder the K use efficiency of the cotton lines under study.
Efficacy evaluation of Bacillus subtilis EBS03 on control of cotton Verticillium wilt
Authors: BAI Hongyan , FENG Zili , ZHAO Lihong , FENG Hongjie , WEI Feng , ZHOU Jinglong , GU Aixing , ZHU Heqin , PENG Jun , zhang yalin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In our previous study, we screened 48 strains of Bacillus subtilis from cotton endophytes for cotton Verticillium wilt control research and screened out a strain EBS03 with good biocontrol potential However, its mechanism for preventing Verticillium wilt remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify its control mechanism to provide technical support for the control of cotton Verticillium wilt.
Results
The results of confrontation and buckle culture showed that the inhibition rates of Bacillus subtilis EBS03 on mycelium growth of Verticillium dahliae were 70.03% and 59.00%, respectively, and the inhibition rates of sporulation and microsclerotia germination were 47.16% and 70.06%, respectively. In the greenhouse test, the control effect of EBS03 root irrigation on cotton Verticillium wilt was the highest at 87.11%, significantly promoting the growth of cotton seedlings. In the field experiment, the control effect of EBS03 fermentation broth spray on cotton Verticillium wilt was 42.54% (60 days), among them, the quality of seed cotton and lint cotton in the soaking, root irrigation, and spraying treatments increased by 7.42% and 3.80%, 2.62% and 2.98%, 9.20% and 4.14%, respectively, compared with the control. In the induced resistance test, EBS03 improved the resistance of cotton leaves to V. dahliae infection and induced the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and callose accumulation. In addition, the results of qPCR detection showed that EBS03 induced up-regulation of defense-related genes such as PAL, POD, PPO and PR10, enhanced plant resistance to this fungal pathogen, and inhibited the reproduction of V. dahliae in cotton.
Conclusion
Bacillus subtilis EBS03 has a good biological defense capability by inhibiting the growth of V. dahliae, activating the disease resistance of the cotton, enhancing the disease resistance, and increasing cotton yield.
The role of novelty and probability in cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task
Authors: De Cesarei Andrea , D’Ascenzo Stefania , Nicoletti Roberto , Codispoti Maurizio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While information that is associated with inappropriate responses can interfere with an ongoing task and be detrimental to performance, cognitive control mechanisms and specific contextual conditions can alleviate interference from unwanted information. In the spatial correspondence (Simon) task, interference has been consistently shown to be reduced by spatial non-correspondence in the previous trial (i.e., correspondence sequence effect, CSE); however the mechanisms supporting this sequential effect are not well understood. Recent proposals highlight the role of learning mechanisms, which bind perceptual, response, and control processes together in determining the level of performance. Here we investigated the role of stimulus novelty (stimulus level; i.e., repeated, novel) and response modality (response level; i.e., manual, vocal) in a Simon task. The probability of novel trials was manipulated so that the frequency of perceptual/motor changes determined weaker or stronger memory associations that might engage cognitive control mechanisms, resulting in weaker interference. We examined the effects of novelty, probability, and spatial correspondence at the behavioral level as well as in the modulation of pupil dilation as an index of arousal. The results are consistent with recent accounts, which indicate that spatial interference can be prevented by cognitive control mechanisms triggered by learned associations.
Evaluating Home Injection Compared with Healthcare-Setting Injection of Somatostatin Analogs: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boguszewski Cesar L. , Artignan Audrey , Korbonits Márta , García Almudena Martín , Houchard Aude , Ribeiro-Oliveira Antonio , de Herder Wouter W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the use of home injections (self/partner/healthcare provider [HCP]-administered) of somatostatin analogues (SSAs) as an alternative to healthcare-setting injections in patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Methods
MEDLINE/Embase/the Cochrane Library (2001–September 2021), key congresses (2019–2021), and bibliographies of relevant systematic reviews were searched. Eligible studies reported on efficacy/effectiveness, safety, adherence, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and economic outcomes in populations receiving home injections of SSAs.
Results
Overall, 12 studies were included, all reporting on SSAs (lanreotide autogel/depot or octreotide long-acting release) in acromegaly or NETs. Across four studies, home injection was associated with similar disease control in patients with acromegaly/NETs compared with healthcare-setting administration. High rates of treatment adherence were shown in two studies of patients with acromegaly receiving lanreotide injections at home. Two studies reported non-serious adverse events; incidence of adverse reactions was similar in both the home and healthcare administration settings. Preference for injection setting varied between studies and indications; nonetheless, higher satisfaction/convenience (> 75% patients) was reported for home injections. Self- or partner-injection was associated with economic savings compared with administration in the healthcare setting across five studies.
Conclusion
Efficacy/effectiveness, adherence, and safety outcomes of SSAs in the home injection setting were similar to those in the healthcare setting, with high reported satisfaction and convenience. Self/partner injection also resulted in cost savings. These findings provide a basis to understand outcomes related to home injection and encourage healthcare providers to discuss optimal treatment choices with their patients.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulates chemokine receptor type 4 to activate AKT/mTOR pathway to promote the viability and migration of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Xu Zizhen , Liu Yiyue , Su Yanyu , Lv Geng , Wang Yefei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on the viability and migration of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
HIF-1α overexpression and knockdown plasmids were constructed and transfected into DLBCL cells. The efficacy of HIF-1α expression was detected via real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Whether overexpression and knockdown HIF-1α affect the expression of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and promote cells proliferation and migration were detected via CCK8 assay and Transwell assay. How HIF-1α works on CXCR4 was measured by double fluorescent reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The expression level of CXCR4 and AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected via Western blot assay.
Results
CCK8 assay and Transwell assay showed that both hypoxic conditions and HIF-1α overexpression under normoxia promoted the viability and migration of DLBCL cells while HIF-1α knockdown showed inhibitory effects. The effects of HIF-1α on DLBCL cells were suppressed when the expression of CXCR4 was inhibited. Double fluorescent reporter enzyme assay and ChIP assay showed that HIF-1α combined with the functional site HRE1 of CXCR4 promoter to promote the transcription of CXCR4. Western blot assay demonstrated that HIF-1α promoted the expression of CXCR4 to activate the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR pathway under hypoxia.
Conclusion
HIF-1α regulated CXCR4 by binding to the functional site HRE1 of CXCR4 promoter and further activate AKT / mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting the viability and migration of DLBCL cells under hypoxia.
Empirical method for deriving horizontal site amplification factors considering nonlinear soil behaviors based on K-NET and KiK-net records throughout Japan
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Sun Jikai , Ito Eri , Kawase Hiroshi , Matsushima Shinichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based on the observed strong-motion records of K-NET and KiK-net, we utilized 1,065 earthquake observation stations installed throughout Japan, gathering more than 140,000 recordings for weak motions with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of less than 100 cm/s 2 and more than 5,300 records for strong motions with a PGA of more than 100 cm/s 2 . These 1,065 sites detected at least one recording with a PGA value greater than 100 cm/s 2 . These recordings were used to quantify the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) difference between weak and strong shakings. Based on the observations, the discrepancy in HVSR between weak and strong shakings can be depicted as a shift both in the frequency and amplitude axes in the logarithmic coordinate system. This kind of shift can be favorably interpreted by an established diffused field theory of the HVSR of earthquakes. Based on the concept of shifts, new empirical functions are proposed to modify the averaged HVSR in linear cases in order to acquire the HVSR in nonlinear regimes. Subsequently, an improved vertical amplification correction function, which considers the time-averaged shear wave velocity down to 30 meters, was used to convert the modified HVSR into the horizontal site amplification factor (HSAF) in nonlinear regimes. The new methodology adopted in this study, which does not require detailed soil layer information, is convenient for obtaining the HSAF by considering empirically obtained nonlinear soil behaviors.
A novel security algorithm RPBB31 for securing the social media analyzed data using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Batcha Bagath Basha Chan , Singaravelu Rajaprakash , Ramachandran Meenakumari , Muthusamy Suresh , Panchal Hitesh , Thangaraj Kokilavani , Ravindaran Ashok Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present world data is most important in public because without data cannot live in the world. This data is big data and that data daily increases through Social Media like "Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, WhatsApp, Instagram, LinkedIn", etc.., because this media only share public opinion very fast through the net. From this media, more people used especially Twitter. Thus media are used to analyze the public opinion of the tweets and predict the future through Machine Learning Algorithm. This analyzed data should make it polarity score. This score data has very little security because, this score can change the score and affected the future, so apply the existing security algorithms is Salsa and ChaCha. The Salsa algorithm is diagonal values moved to the first row. The ChaCha algorithm is diagonal values moved to the first column. The existing algorithms do not have good security because they focused only on performance, not security. So, the novel security algorithm is RPBB31. This algorithm has seven stages. The 1st stage is to find the secret key N, n, and p values from the matrix. The 2nd stage is to apply the secret key in Eq. (1). The 3rd stage operation of PN(n) up to n = 1. The 4th stage is all PN(n) operations make their single line. The 5th stage is to pair the values and swap the values in the matrix. The 6th stage is column operations in the matrix. The 7th stage is again Step 4 values used to swap but “0th " cell value start from reverse in the matrix. The proposed algorithm has provide good security and performance while compare to existing algorithms.
Potential and characteristics of methane production during anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste at different temperatures
Authors: Liao Cheng , Li Kaijing , Wang Changmei , Liang Chengyue , Zhao Xingling , Wu Kai , Yang Bin , Yin Fang , Zhang Wudi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste is a viable approach for sustainable waste management. However, the process requires optimization. Using batch anaerobic reactor with cabbage waste as fermentation material, the potential and characteristics of methane production during anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste at five different temperatures were investigated. The analysis revealed that the cumulative gas production increased with rising temperature, and was 528.33 mL at 30 ℃; 927.5 mL at 35 ℃; 955 mL at 40 ℃; 1017.5 mL at 45 ℃; and 1075 mL at 50 ℃; the cumulative methane production at the five temperatures was 233.18 mL, 569.14 mL, 597.62 mL, 437.88 mL, and 621.65 mL, respectively, with the lowest production at 45 ℃. Methane production rates per total solid content were 97.69 mL/g, 238.43 mL/g, 250.37 mL/g, 183.44 mL/g, and 260.43 mL/g, accordingly. Methane production rates per volatile solid content were 180.00 mL/g, 439.34 mL/g, 461.33 mL/g, 338.02 mL/g, and 479.88 mL/g, respectively. Overall, methane generation during anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste at 45 ℃ was relatively low, with the optimal reaction temperature of 35 ℃. The study provides theoretical basis for efficient vegetable waste utilization and industrialization of related applications.
Human placental mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes improved functional recovery via attenuating apoptosis and increasing axonal regeneration after severe spinal cord injury
Authors: Soleimani Afsane , Pedram Mirsepehr , Saadinam Fatemeh , Rasaee Mohammad Javad , Yazdani Saeed Oraee , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The allocation and fairness of health human resources in Chinese maternal and child health care institutions: a nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Ma Yuan , Xiao Pei , Yu Li , Ni Henfan , Huang Shiyao , Wang Meixian , Huang Yuxiang , Li Li , Yang Lian , Tan Chunjian , Zhong Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In response to an aging population, the Chinese government implemented the three-child policy in 2021 based on the comprehensive two-child policy. With the implementation of the new birth policy, people's maternal and child health (MCH) needs will also increase. The allocation and equity of MCH human resources directly affect people's access to MCH services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the allocation of health human resources in Chinese maternal and child health care institutions, evaluate the fairness of the allocation, to provide a reference for the rational allocation of MCH human resources.
Methods
The data of health technicians, licensed (assistant) physicians, and registered nurses in maternal and child health care institutions nationwide from 2016 to 2020 were included. The health resource density index (HRDI) was used to evaluate the allocation level of MCH human resources. The Gini coefficient (G) and Theil index (T) were used to evaluate the fairness of the allocation of MCH human resources from the perspectives of population and geographic area.
Results
From 2016 to 2020, the average annual growth rate of the number of health technicians, licensed (assistant) physicians, and registered nurses in Chinese maternal and child health care institutions was 7.53%, 6.88%, and 9.12%, respectively. The G of the three types of MCH human resources allocated by population are all below 0.23, and the G allocated by geographical area are all above 0.65. The total T of the three types of MCH human resources allocated by population was all lower than 0.06, and the total T allocated by geographical area was all higher than 0.53. In addition, the three categories of MCH human resources allocated by population and geographic area contributed more than 84% of the T to the total T.
Conclusions
China's MCH human resources are equitable in terms of population allocation, but unfair in terms of geographical area allocation. In the future, more attention should be paid to the geographical accessibility of MCH human resources, and the allocation of resources should comprehensively consider the two factors of serving the population and geographical area.
Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance to Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Habbash Fatima , AlBati Wegdan , Alhashim Howra , Aldossari Mariam , Alali Ahmed , Alalyani Khalid , Ebrahim Zainab Al , Eraqi Samma , Binayfan Ziyad , Almarri Azzam , Aljabr Thamer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in Beta Thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusion. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties to adhere with chelation therapy due to several reasons.Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2-30 years) in The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and non-compliant patients. Moreover, assess the barriers that hinder the compliance on chelating therapy.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 male and 46 females) in patients aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, medical histories. The questionnaires were filled by face-to-face interviews with the patients, or their care givers and the required laboratory data was retrieved from the medical records of patients.Results: The most prevalent abnormality was underweight detected in (40.9 %) of patients followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (37.7 %), short stature (35.2 %), hypothyroidism in (17.0 %) and diabetes mellitus in (13.6 %). Significant difference between those who are compliant to iron chelation therapy and those who are not in terms of the prevalence of short stature (P value= .05) and hypothyroidism (P value= .05) being the most evident. Percentage of Patients who were not compliant on taking chelation therapy is (21.6 %) and (9.1 %) of patients were not taking them at all. Conclusion: Despite the role of chelation therapy in the management of iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine and metabolic complications remained considerable. Subclinical hypothyroidism and short stature were the most frequent endocrine complications encountered in this study.