bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tiered Mentorship Program to Integrate Medical Students Into Clinical Research Projects
Authors: Misiaszek Shannon R. , Blitzer David , Drucker Charles B. , Endicott Kendal M. , Fitzpatrick Suzanna S. , Toursavadkohi Shahab , Nagarsheth Khanjan H. 
Published: February 2022

Objective Herein we describe the development, implementation, and growth of our Vascular Research Training Program (VRTP), emphasizing the intentional involvement of medical students in clinical research. Methods We developed a VRTP focusing on medical student engagement to encompass 4 pillars: ownership, mentorship, experience, and independence within the research process. The program is organized by clinical projects with an attending surgeon, surgical trainee (fellow or resident), and medical student comprising each research project team. The VRTP program sought to facilitate a culture of learning, accountability, and mentorship to engage and encourage medical student involvement in clinical research. Results We reviewed the productivity of our current vascular surgery faculty by reviewing divisional records of faculty publications and conducting a literature search for the period of 2012 to 2019. The pre-VRTP model produced 13 included manuscripts in 2012-2015 (3.25 per year), while the implemented VRTP model yielded 43 articles (10.75 per year) from 2016-2019. There was no significant change in the impact factor (pre-VRTP mean ± SD was 1.8 ± 1.0 vs 2.2 ± 1.1, P = .17). Medical student productivity rose from 1.3 to 2.7 publications, with a similar rise in the number of students participating in more than one manuscript from 2 to 14. Conclusions Deliberate involvement of medical trainees as a member of the clinical research team has the potential to generate subsequent increases in research productivity and effective mentorships. Academic surgical divisions should consider organized and intentional involvement of medical students as an essential component of clinical research.
Effects of cluster headache preventatives on mouse hypothalamic transcriptional homeostasis
Authors: Pistolesi Alessandra , Buonvicino Daniela , Muzzi Mirko , Urru Matteo , Chiarugi Alberto 
Published: February 2022

Objective To investigate how cluster headache preventatives verapamil, lithium and prednisone affect expression of hypothalamic genes involved in chronobiology. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to daily, oral treatment with verapamil, lithium, prednisone or amitriptyline (as negative control), and transcripts of multiple genes quantified in the anterior, lateral and posterior hypothalamus. Results Verapamil, lithium or prednisone did not affect expression of clock genes of the anterior hypothalamus ( Clock, Bmal1, Cry1/2 and Per1/2). Prednisone altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides melanin-concentrating hormone and histidine decarboxylase within the lateral and posterior hypothalamus, respectively. The three preventatives did not affect expression of the neurohypophyseal hormones oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin in the posterior hypothalamus. Conversely, amitriptyline reduced mRNA levels of Clock, oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin. Conclusion Data suggest that cluster headache preventatives act upstream or downstream from the hypothalamus. Our findings provide new insights on hypothalamic homeostasis during cluster headache prophylaxis, as well as neurochemistry underlying cluster headache treatment.
A data-driven microstructural rationale for micro-void nucleation in discontinuous fiber composites
Authors: Agyei Ronald , Hanhan Imad , Sangid Michael D 
Published: February 2022

Despite their high strength-to-weight ratio, short fiber reinforced composites, due to their intrinsically heterogeneous microstructures, exhibit complex mechanical behavior, especially relating to failure. This study explores the dependency of micro-void nucleation on microstructural defects by ranking contributions of competing microstructural metrics, as identified through in-situ X-ray microtomography. Using a Gaussian process framework, six metrics were explored which capture the properties of the closest fiber, the closest fiber tip, the closest pore (proximity and volume), and the local stiffness (using 19 μm and 38 μm neighborhoods). The results demonstrated that less stiff, resin rich areas were more relevant for micro-void nucleation than clustered fiber tips, T-intersections of fibers, or varying porosity volumes. By ranking microstructural configurations and their relevancy to damage, this analysis provides which microstructural metrics can induce micro-void nucleation to help modelers improve failure predictions.
The Public Health Importance of Flaviviruses as an Etiological Environmental Factor in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: In silico Study
Authors: Silva Kaique Cesar de Paula , Messias Thiago Silva , Soares Simone 
Published: February 2022

This in silico study aims to investigate flaviviruses as an environmental factor in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). A scoring method with 7 topics—disease, transplacental passage, tropism, cellular damage, reported case, analysis of genome similarity, and transcriptome between virus and host, was created based on literature and in silico experimentation. Viral genomes of NCBI virus were obtained and BLAST 2.12.0 was applied for the similarity analysis, adjusted to search for only human sequences related to CL/P with the statistical threshold defined for E-value ≤1. Flaviviruses with high potential to cause CL/P were: serotypes 2, 3, and 4 of the Dengue virus and lineage 2 of the West Nile virus, while the Yellow Fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Saint Louis encephalitis virus presented with medium potential to cause CL/P. As for the Zika virus, even strains associated with microcephaly showed only medium potential. Dengue virus and West Nile virus presented with high potential to act as environmental factors in the etiology of CL/P.
Timing and Duration of Facial Nerve Dysfunction After Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis for Robin Sequence
Authors: Crowder Hannah R. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Kapoor Elina , Manrique Monica , Stein Jason , Nasser Jacob S. , Chang Taeun , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K. 
Published: February 2022

Objective Collect data from craniofacial surgeons to analyze mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) protocols, and facial nerve dysfunction (FND) to characterize this common, but poorly documented complication after MDO in infants with Robin Sequence (RS). Design, Setting, and Participants A 16-question anonymous survey designed through REDCap was digitally distributed to members of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association and International Society of Craniofacial Surgery (ISCFS). Main Outcome Measure(s) Demographic information, MDO perioperative variables, surgeon experience with FND after MDO for patients with RS, and the timing and duration of FND were analyzed. Results Eighty-four responses were collected, with 80 included for analysis. Almost two-thirds of respondent surgeons reported FND as a complication of MDO in patients with RS (51, 63.8%); 58.8% (n   =   47) transient FND and 5% (n   =   4) with permanent facial nerve palsy only. Both transient and permanent FND was documented by 13 (16.3%) respondents. Among respondents, FND was observed immediately following initial device placement/osteotomies in 45.1%, during distraction in 45.1%, during consolidation in 19.6%, and following device removal in 43.1%. Twenty-five of these respondent surgeons reported resolution of FND between 1 and 3 months (53.2%, n   =   25). Conclusions FND after MDO in patients with RS was noted by most respondents in this survey study. While most surgeons noted temporary FND, one-fifth reported long-term dysfunction. FND was documented most commonly following device placement/osteotomies or during active distraction. Further research should seek to establish risk factors associated with FND and identify surgical and perioperative prevention strategies
Construction of Risk Assessment Model for Venous Thromboembolism After Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Chinese Single-Center Study
Authors: Yao Jianchang , Lang Yina , Su Hua , Dai Sheng , Ying Kejing 
Published: February 2022

Objective A retrospective study was carried out to construct a postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment model (RAM) applicable for Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Methods 541 Patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery from June 2019 to May 2020 at Sir-Run-Run-Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study. Multi-factor analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of VTE. A novel RAM of VTE which we called Sir-Run-Run-Shaw VTE RAM were constructed basing on the independent risk factors. Another study cohort consisted of 287 colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery from January 2021 to June 2021was used for model evaluation. Results The incidence of VTE after colorectal cancer surgery was 12.0%(65/541). Among the 65 VTE Patients, DVT accounted for 92.3% (60/65) and DVT + PE accounted for 7.7% (5/65). Multi-factor analysis showed that age ≥ 69 years ( P < 0.01), preoperative plasma D-dimer ≥ 0.49 mg/L ( P = .004), stage IV of cancer ( P = .018) and transfusion ( P = .004) are independent risk factors of VTE after surgery. Sir-Run-Run-Shaw VTE RAM includes the above 4 factors, and the total score is 4 points. The score of the low, medium and high risk groups are 0, 1 and ≥2 points. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of Sir-Run-Run-Shaw VTE RAM is 0.769, while Caprini RAM is 0.656. There is statistical difference between the two risk score tables ( Z = 2.337, P = .0195). Conclusion A VTE RAM is constructed basing on a single center retrospective study. This score table may be applicable for Chinese patients with colorectal cancer surgery.
Investigating the efficacy of osimertinib and crizotinib in phase 3 clinical trials on anti-cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity: are real-world studies the way forward?
Authors: Kobat Hasan , Elkonaissi Islam , Foreman Emma , O’Brien Mary , Dorak Mehmet Tevfik , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen 
Published: February 2022

Background. Oncology clinical trials demonstrate the risk of cardiotoxicity but are not sufficient to reveal the true risk. In this article, we compared the incidence of cardiotoxicity of crizotinib and osimertinib from a real-world study to data reported by phase 3 clinical trials. Methods. Data from an ongoing real-world lung cancer study was used as a comparator. Patients were recruited retrospectively with the criteria of being diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and having received at least a course of treatment of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor and/or immune check-point inhibitor. Characteristics of the patients who developed cardiotoxicity associated with osimertinib and crizotinib in the real-world lung cancer study were analysed against the inclusion criteria of the corresponding phase 3 clinical trials. Variations of cardiotoxicity incidence among the real-world lung cancer study and clinical trials were investigated. Results. 18%, n = 37/206, of the patients developed cardiotoxicity. QTc prolongation was the most frequently observed cardiotoxicity (n = 12/37). Osimertinib and crizotinib were the most cardiotoxic agents, each responsible for seven cases of cardiotoxicity. FLAURA, AURA3, PROFILE 1007 and PROFILE 1014 were the included clinical trials for analysis. None of the patients who developed cardiotoxicity in the real-world study would have been eligible to participate in FLAURA and PROFILE 1014 study whereas n = 4/7 and n = 5/7 patients were eligible to participate in AURA3 and PROFILE 1007 trials, respectively. Conclusion. Although phase 3 clinical trials play an important role in understanding the effectiveness and give insights on side-effect profiles, real-world studies can show the real risk of cardiotoxicity more accurately and realistically.
Different Surgical Approaches for treatment of isolated dissociated vertical deviation without inferior oblique overaction
Authors: Fu Licheng , Zhu Binbin , Yang Dingping , Yan Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To report the surgical results on superior rectus recession (SRR) and inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) for cases with isolated bilateral dissociated vertical deviation（DVD）without inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). Methods A retrospective review was conducted for cases with isolated bilateral DVD without IOOA who were surgically treated using either bilateral SRR (SRR group) or IOAT (IOAT group). Pre- and post-operative ocular motility, ocular alignment, amount of DVD and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Records from 37 cases were reviewed. Preoperative levels of DVD (M ± SD) in the SRR group (N = 18) of 19.88 ± 6.72 prism diopter (PD) in the right eye and 19.54 ± 5.64 PD in the left eye, were reduced to 4.94 ± 7.26 PD and 4.11 ± 3.91 PD respectively after surgery (P＜0.0001 for both). Preoperative levels of DVD (M ± SD) in IOAT group (N = 19) of 15.89 ± 6.35 PD in the right eye and 18.58 ± 9.27 PD in the left eye, were reduced to 3.42 ± 4.49 PD and 3.42 ± 4.88 PD respectively after surgery (P＜0.0001 for both). Inferior oblique (IO) muscle function remained normal after surgery. Overall, outcomes within the SRR group revealed that 10 patients showed a complete resolution of their condition, 6 effective responses and 2 failures. In the IOAT group, 13 patients showed a complete resolution of their condition, 5 effective responses and 1 failure. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (Z = 0.48). Conclusion SRR and IOAT were both effective in treating isolated DVD without IOOA with similar satisfactory results obtained for both procedures.
Can bleeding in trabeculectomy be decreased? Effectiveness of brimonidine pre-treatment
Authors: Ucar Fikret , Yener Halil İbrahim 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative topical brimonidine use to maintain visibility during trabeculectomy and control intraoperative bleeding and postoperative subconjunctival hemorrhage. Methods The first group comprised 35 eyes of 34 patients administered brimonidine tartrate 0.15% (Brimogut, Bilim Ilac, Turkey) eye drops 6 and 3 min before surgery, and 33 eyes of 31 patients who received no medication for vasoconstriction formed the second group. Preoperative and postoperative photographs and operation video images were taken and vision analysis software used. Black-and-white images were obtained to identify the blood vessel and surface hemorrhage areas. The surface area of the hemorrhage was calculated by counting the black pixels with Image J software. Results There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of baseline (preoperative) eye redness (p > 0.05). In the first group, the eye redness values were 344.7 ± 19.5 pixels preoperatively and 244.1 ± 23.3 pixels at the beginning of the surgery, respectively (p < 0.001). However, no significant change was observed in the second group in eye redness (348.2 ± 17.5 pixels preoperatively and 360.7 ± 26.8 pixels at the beginning of the surgery, p > 0.05). Cautery was used for an average of 11.91 ± 1.96 s in the first group and 25.57 ± 4.66 s in the second to control intraoperative bleeding (P < 0.001). Conclusion Preoperative topical brimonidine use in trabeculectomy surgery significantly decreased intraoperative bleeding and postoperative subconjunctival hemorrhage and facilitated bleeding control.
Quantitative MRI findings indicate diffuse white matter damage in Susac Syndrome
Authors: Johnson P , Chan JK , Vavasour IM , Abel S , Lee LE , Yong H , Laule C , Li DKB , Tam R , Traboulsee A , Carruthers RL , Kolind SH 
Published: February 2022

Background Susac Syndrome (SuS) is an autoimmune endotheliopathy impacting the brain, retina and cochlea that can clinically mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To evaluate non-lesional white matter demyelination changes in SuS compared to MS and healthy controls (HC) using quantitative MRI. Methods 3T MRI including myelin water imaging and diffusion basis spectrum imaging were acquired for 7 SuS, 10 MS and 10 HC participants. Non-lesional white matter was analyzed in the corpus callosum (CC) and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Groups were compared using ANCOVA with Tukey correction. Results SuS CC myelin water fraction (mean 0.092) was lower than MS(0.11, p = 0.01) and HC(0.11, p = 0.04). Another myelin marker, radial diffusivity, was increased in SuS CC(0.27μm2/ms) compared to HC(0.21μm2/ms, p = 0.008) and MS(0.23μm2/ms, p = 0.05). Fractional anisotropy was lower in SuS CC(0.82) than HC(0.86, p = 0.04). Fiber fraction (reflecting axons) did not differ from HC or MS. In NAWM, radial diffusivity and apparent diffusion coefficient were significantly increased in SuS compared to HC(p < 0.001 for both measures) and MS(p = 0.003, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions Our results provided evidence of myelin damage in SuS, particularly in the CC, and more extensive microstructural injury in NAWM, supporting the hypothesis that there are widespread microstructural changes in SuS syndrome including diffuse demyelination.
Removal of alkaline nitride from lubricating oil by modified clays
Authors: Chen Mingrong , Liu Naiwang , Shi Li , Meng Xuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the removal efficiency of clays in oil refining, to explore the related factors and to clarify the removal mechanism of alkaline nitride, a series of modified clays was prepared to test removal of alkaline nitride from lubricating oil. After the addition of 1 wt.% FeCl3, the removal rate of alkaline nitride increased from 33.6% to 43.3%. Furthermore, the acidity and chlorine content did not exceed acceptable levels. The testing methods of N2 adsorption–desorption, particle-size distribution, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were conducted to verify the removal mechanism. The removal rate of alkaline nitride is mainly related to the density of Lewis acid sites. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the existence of the complexation reaction. The basic nitrides were removed by chemical adsorption via Fe3+-complexation.
Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents
Authors: Sukul Pritam , Bartels Julia , Fuchs Patricia , Trefz Phillip , Remy Rasmus , Rührmund Leo , Kamysek Svend , Schubert Jochen K. , Miekisch Wolfram 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWhile assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory–haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest.MethodsWe continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age 60–80 years) and young to middle-aged (age 20–59 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory and haemodynamic parameters were measured (noninvasively) simultaneously.ResultsProfound, consistent and significant (p≤0.001) changes inSpO2(≥60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 3.6±0.9%↓, <60_FFP2-30 min: 1.9±1.0%↓, <60_surgical-30 min: 0.9±0.6%↓) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 19.1±8.0%↑, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 11.6±7.6%↑, <60_FFP2- 30 min: 12.1±4.5%↑, <60_surgical- 30 min: 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation and hypercarbia. Secondary changes (p≤0.005) to haemodynamic parameters (e.g.mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 9.8±10.4%↑) were found. Exhalation of bloodborne volatile metabolites,e.g.aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile and monoterpene mirrored behaviour of cardiac output, MAP,SpO2, respiratory rate andPETCO2. Exhaled humidity (e.g.≥60_FFP2-15 min: 7.1±5.8%↑) and exhaled oxygen (e.g.≥60_FFP2-15 min: 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly (p≤0.005) over time.ConclusionsBreathomics allows unique physiometabolic insights into immediate and transient effects of face mask wearing. Physiological parameters and breath profiles of endogenous and/or exogenous volatile metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between transient hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage and washout. FFP2 masks had a more pronounced effect than surgical masks. Older adults were more vulnerable to FFP2 mask-induced hypercarbia, arterial oxygen decline, blood pressure fluctuations and concomitant physiological and metabolic effects.
European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in adults
Authors: Louis Renaud , Satia Imran , Ojanguren Inigo , Schleich Florence , Bonini Matteo , Tonia Thomy , Rigau David , ten Brinke Anne , Buhl Roland , Loukides Stelios , Kocks Janwillem W. H. , Boulet Louis-Philippe , Bourdin Arnaud , Coleman Courtney , Needham Karen , Thomas Mike , Idzko Marco , Papi Alberto , Porsbjerg Celeste , Schuermans Daniel , Soriano Joan B. , Usmani Omar S. 
Published: February 2022

Although asthma is very common, affecting 5–10% of the population, the diagnosis of asthma in adults remains a challenge in the real world, which results in both over- and under-diagnosis. A taskforce was set up by the European Respiratory Society to systematically review the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of tests used to diagnose asthma in adult patients and provide recommendations for clinical practice.The taskforce defined eight Population, Index, Comparator and Outcome questions that were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The taskforce utilised the outcomes to develop an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm, with recommendations for a pragmatic guideline for everyday practice that was directed by real-life patient experiences.The taskforce supports the initial use of spirometry followed by bronchodilator reversibility testing (if airway obstruction is present). If initial spirometry fails to show obstruction, further tests should be performed in the following order: exhaled nitric oxide fraction, peak expiratory flow variability, or, in secondary care, bronchial challenge. We present the thresholds for each test that are compatible with a diagnosis of asthma in the presence of current symptoms.The taskforce reinforces spirometry as a priority and recognises the value of measuring blood eosinophils and serum immunoglobulin E to phenotype the patient. Measuring gas trapping by body plethysmography in patients with preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio deserves further attention. The taskforce draws attention to the difficulty of making a correct diagnosis in patients already receiving inhaled corticosteroids; the comorbidities that may obscure diagnosis; the importance of phenotyping; and the necessity of considering the patient experience in the diagnostic process.