bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine plays a critical role in the olfactory adaptive learning pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Raj Vishnu , Thekkuveettil Anoopkumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEncoding and consolidating information through learning and memory is vital in adaptation and survival. Dopamine (DA) is a critical neurotransmitter that modulates behavior. However, the role of DA in learning and memory processes is not well defined. Herein, we used the olfactory adaptive learning paradigm in Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate the role of DA in the memory pathway. Cat‐2 mutant worms with low DA synthesis showed a significant reduction in chemotaxis index (CI) compared to the wild type (WT) after short‐term conditioning. In dat‐1::ICE worms, having degeneration of DA neurons, there was a significant reduction in adaptive learning and memory. When the worms were trained in the presence of exogenous DA (10 mM) instead of food, a substantial increase in CI value was observed. Furthermore, our results suggest that both dop‐1 and dop‐3 DA receptors are involved in memory retention. The release of DA during conditioning is essential to initiate the learning pathway. We also noted an enhanced cholinergic receptor activity in the absence of dopaminergic neurons. The strains expressing GCaMP6 in DA neurons (pdat‐1::GCaMP‐6::mCherry) showed a rise in intracellular calcium influx in the presence of the conditional stimulus after training, suggesting DA neurons are activated during memory recall. These results reveal the critical role of DA in adaptive learning and memory, indicating that DA neurons play a crucial role in the effective processing of cognitive function.
Circadian leadership: A review and integration of chronobiology and leadership
Authors: Volk Stefan , Lowe Kevin B. , Barnes Christopher M. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryA vast body of knowledge within the field of chronobiology highlights a broad array of important effects that circadian rhythms and chronotypes have on individual performance. Circadian rhythms are predictable fluctuations of energetic activation produced by an internal pacemaker, the circadian clock, that governs the daily functioning of the human body and mind. Chronotypes are individual differences in the setting of this biological clock that influence preferences for the optimal timing of daily periods of activity and rest. In this paper, we review the chronobiology literature as it applies to leadership research to advance a circadian leadership perspective that integrates circadian science with leadership science. We outline how a circadian perspective can help researchers to understand how time of day interacts with circadian processes to influence the effectiveness of task‐, relational‐, and change‐oriented leadership activities. Our circadian perspective also extends research on leader and follower individual differences by explaining the effects of chronotypes on leadership behaviors and outcomes. We develop propositions based on the most promising insights that have emerged from the literature review, advance ideas for future theory development and research, and discuss implications for leaders in practice.
Improved skill of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 over phase 5 models in reproducing weather regimes in East Asia
Authors: Chen Wei , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei , Tian Zhiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the performance of climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6) in simulating the weather regimes over East Asia during the period from 1961 to 2005. The circulation patterns, frequencies and transition probabilities of the weather regimes are obtained by categorizing the daily 500‐hPa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies using the k‐means clustering algorithm. We identify four winter (WWR1‐4) and three summer weather regimes (SWR1‐3) in both reanalysis datasets and CMIP5/6 models. Significant increasing (declining) frequency trends in WWR3 (WWR4) and SWR2 (SWR1) are found in the ERA5 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets. On the whole, both generations of models demonstrate reasonable abilities to reproduce the circulation patterns of weather regimes based on the Z500 anomaly fields but overall underestimate the intensities of weather regime patterns, underestimate the occurrence frequencies of WWR3, SWR2, and SWR3, and overestimate the frequencies of WWR1, WWR2, WWR4, and SWR1. In terms of both the ensemble‐mean and pairwise comparisons, the CMIP6 models generally perform better than their CMIP5 counterparts in reproducing the circulation pattern intensities, occurrence frequencies during the whole period and the linear frequency trends and transition probabilities of the weather regimes both in winter and summer. Further analysis shows a highly positive correlation between the total frequency and transition performances but a lower correlation between the biases in the total frequency and intensity of weather regime patterns. The improved skill of CMIP6 over the CMIP5 models in reproducing the weather regimes over East Asia may be partly related to the increased vertical atmospheric resolution in the model.
Development of solid‐state fermentation process of spent coffee grounds for the differentiated obtaining of chlorogenic, quinic, and caffeic acids
Authors: Arancibia‐Díaz Alejandra , Astudillo‐Castro Carolina , Altamirano Claudia , Soto‐Maldonado Carmen , Vergara‐Castro Mauricio , Córdova Andrés , Zúñiga‐Hansen María Elvira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a good source of chlorogenic acid (CGA), which can be hydrolyzed to quinic acid (QA) and caffeic acid (CA). These molecules have antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities, benefiting human health. The hydrolysis of CGA can be done by biotechnological processes, such as solid‐state fermentation (SSF). This work evaluated the use of SSF with Aspergillus sp. for the joint release of the three molecules from SCGs.RESULTSHydroalcoholic extraction of the total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from SCGs was optimized, obtaining 28.9 ± 1.97 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg−1 SCGs using 0.67 L ethanol per 1 L, a 1:9 solid/liquid ratio, and a 63 min extraction time. Subsequently, SSF was performed for 30 days, achieving the maximum yields for CGA, QA, and TPCs on the 16th day: 7.12 ± 0.01 g kg−1, 4.68 ± 0.11 g kg−1, and 54.96 ± 0.49 g GAE kg−1 respectively. CA reached its maximum value on the 23rd day, at 4.94 ± 0.04 g kg−1. The maximum antioxidant capacity was 635.7 mmol Trolox equivalents kg−1 on the 14th day. Compared with unfermented SCGs extracts, TPCs and CGA increase their maximum values 2.3‐fold, 18.6‐fold for CA, 14.2 for QA, and 6.4‐fold for antioxidant capacity. Additionally, different extracts’ profiles were obtained throughout the SSF process, allowing us to adjust the type of enriched extract to be produced based on the SSF time.CONCLUSIONSSF represents an alternative to produce extracts with different compositions and, consequently, different antioxidant capacities, which is a potentially attractive fermentation process for different applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dissecting the potential mechanism of antihypertensive effects of RVPSL on spontaneously hypertensive rats via widely targeted kidney metabolomics
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Wang Li , Wu Sijia , Zhao Wenzhu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOur previous study has demonstrated that the egg‐white‐derived peptide RVPSL can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but its potential action mechanism remains unclear. In this work, the underlying mechanism of the antihypertensive effects of RVPSL in SHRs was elucidated using the widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach.RESULTSTen SHRs were divided into two groups: SHR‐Untreated group (0.9% saline) and SHR‐RVPSL group (50 mg kg−1 body weight RVPSL) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, kidney samples were collected and widely targeted (liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry) metabolomics was used to detect metabolites. Fifty‐six biomarkers were identified that may be associated with hypertension. Among them, 17 biomarkers were upregulated and 39 biomarkers were downregulated. The results suggested that eight potential biomarkers were identified in kidney samples: O‐phospho‐l‐serine, tyramine, citric acid, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, O‐acetyl‐l‐serine, 15‐oxo‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E‐eicosatetraenoic acid (15‐oxoETE), dopaquinone and 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine. These potential biomarkers mainly involved carbon metabolism, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism.CONCLUSIONThe study suggested that RVPSL may exert antihypertensive effects through upregulation of O‐phospho‐l‐serine, 3‐hydroxybutyrate and 15‐oxoETE, and downregulation of tyramine, citric acid, O‐acetyl‐l‐serine, 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine and dopaquinone. The antihypertensive effects of RVPSL may be related to carbon metabolism, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. RVPSL exhibited a potent antihypertensive effect, and the antihypertensive effects were associated with inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular remodeling, vascular endothelium dysfunction, restoring reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, inflammation and immune reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Atypical ageing defect in Pinot Blanc wines: a comparison between organic and conventional production management systems
Authors: Delaiti Simone , Nardin Tiziana , Roman Tomas , Pedò Stefano , Zanzotti Roberto , Larcher Roberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtypical ageing (ATA) is an aroma defect that occurs in white wines and entails a loss of varietal aromas as well as scents of wet mop, shoe polish and dish rag. 2‐Aminoacetophenone (2AAP) – a degradation product of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) – has been described as the main odour‐active compound and chemical marker responsible for this off‐flavour. A stress reaction in the vineyard triggered by climatic, pedological and viticultural factors can ultimately cause ATA development in wines and remarkably affect wine quality. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of three grapevine management systems on the occurrence of ATA. The experiments were carried out on Pinot Blanc grape samples from vines cultivated using one conventional and two organic approaches. The management systems mainly differed for the fertilisation regime and the weed control.RESULTSThe amino acid profiles as well as 2AAP and its precursors were quantified in musts and wines using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer. The results showed the existence of a strong vintage effect, while no influence of the use of different agronomic systems was observed.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that an efficient implementation of different grapevine production systems did not affect ATA development in Pinot Blanc wines. This finding is of great relevance for winegrowers and winemakers as it demonstrates that a well‐planned organic management system correctly adjusted to the climatic conditions does not pose a threat towards the development of ATA‐related compounds in wine. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The mental health of forcibly displaced couples
Authors: Mahmood Harem Nareeman , Ibrahim Hawkar , Ismail Azad Ali , Neuner Frank 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost current research investigating traumatic stress is focused on its effects at the individual level, utilizing the implicit assumption that trauma‐related disorders are mutually independent within families and communities. However, there is reason to assume that trauma‐related symptoms within couples are influenced by each partner's risk factors and symptoms. Using the actor–partner interdependence model, this study aimed to test whether symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were predicted by participants’ partner's exposure to traumatic events over and above the influence of the participant's own experiences. For this purpose, we interviewed 687 heterosexual, married Iraqi and Syrian couples in Iraq's Kurdistan region who had been forcefully displaced. We assessed symptoms of PTSD and depression using locally validated scales. Nearly all participants (98.8%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event, with husbands reporting exposure to a higher number of traumatic events than wives, d = 0.48, p < .001. More than half of the participants met the criteria for a probable PTSD (61.1%) or major depressive disorder diagnosis (60.4%). Within couples, significant actor effects of experienced trauma exposure on personal PTSD and depressive symptoms were observed for both husbands and wives. Further, there were significant partner effects of wives' traumatic experiences on husbands' PTSD and depressive symptoms as well as of husbands' traumatic experiences on wives' PTSD and depressive symptoms. The findings argue for the interdependence of trauma‐related symptoms within dyads in a dual‐trauma context, suggesting the presence of intracouple transmission of trauma‐related symptoms.
Decrease in soil inorganic nitrogen supply capacity under long‐term areca nut plantations in the tropics
Authors: Zhu Qilin , Liu Lijun , Li Kaikai , Wen Changli , Li Miao , Fan Changhua , Zhu Tongbin , Shen Qunli , Wu Yanzheng , Tang Shuirong , Meng Lei , Müller Christoph , Zhang Jinbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics and availability of soil nitrogen (N) affected by the conversion of cropping patterns is critical for environmental sustainability, especially in tropical soils with low fertility and high N loss. In this study, the 15N tracing technology combined with the 15N tracer model was used to explore the dynamic change of soil N transformation in long‐estabished areca nut (Areca catechu) plantations. Areca nut plantations with different ages (2, 5, 10, 14, and 17 years) and paddy fields in the tropical region of China were studied. The results demonstrated that the gross N mineralization rate (M) of areca nut plantation soil was much lower than that of paddy soil. The NH4+ immobilization (INH4) rate was also significantly reduced in areca nut plantations. Besides, the ONH4 (autotrophic nitrification) in long‐term areca nut planted soil decreased significantly with decreasing ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance. Inorganic N supply (INS) capacity of areca nut planted soil was much lower than the paddy soil, indicating declined N supply in long‐term areca nut plantations soil. The decline in soil gross N transformations rate and INS capacity of areca nut plantations soil was significantly correlated to reduced levels of TN and soil pH. Thus, agricultural practices that increase the soil pH (e.g., biochar or lime application) and the soil organic matter content (e.g., organic fertilizers) could improve soil INS capacity.
Characteristics of acute otitis media in primary care are associated with tympanostomy tube outcomes
Authors: Zhong Lydia , Hamdy Rana F. , Pitter Jeannie Chang , Hamburger Ellen K. , Behzadpour Hengameh , Preciado Diego 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify characteristics of acute otitis media (AOM) at primary care presentation associated with TT placement and outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (birth—12 years old) with AOM at an academic primary care pediatric practice and affiliated tertiary referral free‐standing Children's hospital from August 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 was performed. The outcomes measured were TT placement, postoperative otorrhea, need for additional tube placement, and other complications (i.e., perforation and/or granulation).ResultsThe 3189 patients were included, 484 of whom were referred to otolaryngology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a greater number of AOM episodes diagnosed at primary care was associated with tube placement (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04–1.41, p = .02). Of the 336 patients who received tubes, older age at first AOM diagnosis was associated with postoperative otorrhea (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; p = .001) and additional tube placement (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02–1.04; p < .001). Older age was also associated with other complications (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; p = .001) by univariate analysis. Additionally, postoperative otorrhea was more common among patients who first received an AOM diagnosis at primary care in the spring (OR = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.37–5.29; p = .004), summer (OR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.46–5.69; p = .002), and fall (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.20–3.96; p = .01) seasons.ConclusionsClinical data from pediatric primary care visits found older age at first AOM diagnosis and having a first AOM diagnosis outside of winter to be associated with a more complicated eventual disease course.Level of evidence3—cohort study.
Summer ecosystem structure in mountain lakes linked to interannual variability of lake ice, snowpack, and landscape attributes
Authors: Powers Stephen M. , Fradkin Steven C. , Baccus William , Archambault Carmen , Boetsch John R. , Brousil Matthew R. , Lofgren Rebecca , Rawhouser Ashley , Hampton Stephanie E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMountain lakes experience interannual variability in spring snowpack and ice cover that can lead to differences in physical, chemical, and biological properties in the succeeding summer. Lake studies that capture extreme years of snow and ice would be useful to understand and anticipate effects of climate change, but such data are rare for remote mountain lakes. Monitoring of lakes in Olympic, North Cascades, and Mount Rainier National Parks from 2007 to 2018 allowed us to examine limnological differences along interannual and elevation‐driven climate gradients that included unusually high (2011–2012) and 100‐yr record low (2015) snowpack years. Years with lower spring snowpack had earlier ice‐out. Across lakes, our analysis suggested an average of 0.075°C lake warming per day of lost ice duration (0.525°C per week), giving rise to other ecosystem changes linked to temperature such as lower dissolved oxygen, higher total dissolved N, higher chlorophyll, and higher abundance of cladoceran zooplankton. Conversely, in years with higher snowpack and a shorter ice‐free season, lakes were colder and clearer (1 m deeper Secchi depth for every 1 m May snow water equivalent), with more dilute ions as well as lower algal biomass and zooplankton abundance. These results add to evidence that changes in snowpack or ice‐out dates alter mountain lake ecology through multiple processes associated with hydrology, terrestrial‐aquatic connection, water temperature, productivity, ion composition, and plankton communities.
Effects of Atlantification and changing sea‐ice dynamics on zooplankton community structure and carbon flux between 2000 and 2016 in the eastern Fram Strait
Authors: Ramondenc Simon , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Hufnagel Lili , Bauerfeind Eduard , Busch Kathrin , Knüppel Nadine , Kraft Angelina , Schröter Franz , Seifert Miriam , Iversen Morten H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe collection of zooplankton swimmers and sinkers in time‐series sediment traps provides unique insight into year‐round and interannual trends in zooplankton population dynamics. These samples are particularly valuable in remote and difficult to access areas such as the Arctic Ocean, where samples from the ice‐covered season are rare. In the present study, we investigated zooplankton composition based on swimmers and sinkers collected by sediment traps at water depths of 180–280, 800–1320, and 2320–2550 m, over a period of 16 yr (2000–2016) at the Long‐Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN located in the eastern Fram Strait (79°N, 4°E). The time‐series data showed seasonal and interannual trends within the dominant zooplankton groups including copepoda, foraminifera, ostracoda, amphipoda, pteropoda, and chaetognatha. Amphipoda and copepoda dominated the abundance of swimmers while pteropoda and foraminifera were the most important sinkers. Although the seasonal occurrence of these groups was relatively consistent between years, there were notable interannual variations in abundance, suggesting the influence of various environmental conditions such as sea‐ice dynamic and lateral advection of water masses, for example, meltwater and Atlantic water. Statistical analyses revealed a correlation between the Arctic dipole climatic index and sea‐ice dynamics (i.e., ice coverage and concentration), as well as the importance of the distance from the ice edge on swimmer composition patterns and carbon export.
Superior Hemostatic and Wound‐Healing Properties of Gel and Sponge Forms of Nonoxidized Cellulose Nanofibers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Mohamed Elmira , Wang Yi , Crispin Philip J. , Fitzgerald Ailene , Dahlstrom Jane E. , Fowler Suzanne , Nisbet David R. , Tsuzuki Takuya , Coupland Lucy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany materials have been engineered and commercialized as hemostatic agents. However, there is still a gap in the availability of hemostats that offer biocompatibility and biodegradability in combination with effective hemostatic properties. Cellulose nanofibers are investigated as hemostatic materials with most studies focusing on oxidized cellulose‐derived hemostats. The recent studies demonstrate that by optimizing the morphological properties of nonoxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) enhanced hemostasis is achieved. Herein, the hemostatic and wound‐healing properties of CNFs with optimized morphology using two forms, gel, and sponge is investigated. In vitro thromboelastometry studies demonstrate that CNFs reduce clotting time by 68% (±SE 2%) and 88% (±SE 5%) in gel and sponge forms, respectively. In an in vivo murine liver injury model, CNFs significantly reduce blood loss by 38% (±SE 10%). The pH‐neutral CNFs do not damage red blood cells, nor do they impede the proliferation of fibroblast or endothelial cells. Subcutaneously‐implanted CNFs show a foreign body reaction resolving with the degradation of CNFs on histological examination and there is no scarring in the skin after 8 weeks. Demonstrating superior hemostatic performance in a variety of forms, as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability, CNFs hold significant potential for use in surgical and first‐aid environments.