bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Characterization of GITM Thermospheric Horizontal Winds in Comparison to GOCE Estimations
Authors: Brandt Daniel A. , Ridley Aaron J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCharacterization of the thermospheric horizontal wind is an important challenge in atmospheric modeling due to its vital role in the transport of densities and energy, associations with the diurnal tide, and interplay with vertical winds that drive changes in the thermosphere neutral composition. The mechanisms and drivers that underlie the physics of thermospheric horizontal winds remain under investigation and, to date, no comprehensive statistical study between thermospheric winds generated by a physics‐based atmospheric model and those retrieved from satellite measurements has been performed. Comparisons between cross‐track horizontal winds from a 10‐month run of Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere (GITM) and those derived from the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite show that GITM did best modeling horizontal winds in the polar zone but overestimated horizontal wind speeds at midlatitudes just outside of the equatorial ionization anomaly region. GITM's wind response to AE was best at polar noon and worst in the midnight auroral zone, its ability to capture seasonality was best in the northern high latitudes and worst in the southern high latitudes, and GITM displayed less wind variability as a function of F10.7 than GOCE, matching it best for F10.7 >∼150. Discrepancies in GITM's performance may be explained by inaccurate modeling of ion drift, ion drag, and electron densities.
Investigation of Coupled Processes in Fractures and the Bordering Matrix via a Micro‐Continuum Reactive Transport Model
Authors: Zhang Qian , Deng Hang , Dong Yanhui , Molins Sergi , Li Xiao , Steefel Carl 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn multi‐mineral fractured rocks, the altered porous layer on the fracture surface resulting from preferential dissolution of the fast‐reacting minerals can have profound impacts on subsequent chemical‐physical alteration of the fractures. This study adopts the micro‐continuum approach to provide further understanding of reactive transport processes in the altered layer (AL), and mass exchanges with the bordering matrix and fracture. The modeling framework couples the Darcy‐Brinkman‐Stokes (DBS) solver in COMSOL Multiphysics and the geochemical modeling capability of CrunchFlow. Three‐dimensional steady state simulations with systematically varied chemical‐physical parameters of the AL were performed to examine the impacts of individual factors and processes. Our simulation results confirm previous observations that dissolution of the fast‐reacting mineral (i.e., calcite) is largely controlled by diffusion across the AL. We also show that dissolution of the slow‐reacting mineral (i.e., dolomite), which controls AL development and fracture enlargement, increases with surface area and has a complex dependence on different local rate‐limiting processes. In particular, advection can result in evident spatial variations in the local dissolution rates of dolomite, although it does not affect the bulk chemistry significantly. The difference in the spatial patterns between simulations with and without advection in the AL is more noticeable in the locations with smaller apertures, with up to 20% difference in local reaction rates. Therefore, it is important to include a full depiction of advection, diffusion, and reactions for accurately capturing local dynamics that control long‐term fracture evolution.
Application of QPLEXTM biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals across a broad age range and diverse regions with cerebral amyloid deposition
Authors: Lee Dongjoon , Park Jong-Chan , Jung Keum Sim , Kim Jiyeong , Jang Ji Sung , Kwon Sunghoon , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Byeon Gihwan , Jung Gijung , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Dong Young , Han Sun-Ho , Mook-Jung Inhee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain precedes the onset of symptoms such as cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the early detection of Aβ accumulation is crucial. We previously reported the applicability of theQPLEXTMAlz plus assay kit for the prescreening of Aβ accumulation. Here, we tested the specific application of the kit in a large cohort of cognitively normal (CN) individuals of varying ages for the early detection of Aβ accumulation. We included a total of 221 CN participants with or without brain Aβ. TheQPLEXTMbiomarkers were characterized based on age groups (1st–3rdtertile) and across various brain regions with cerebral amyloid deposition. The 3rdtertile group (>65 years) was found to be the most suitable age group for the application of our assay kit. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC, discrimination power) was 0.878 with 69.7% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity in the 3rdtertile group. Additionally, specific correlations between biomarkers and cerebral amyloid deposition in four different brain regions revealed an overall correlation with general amyloid deposition, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the combinational panel with plasma Aβ1–42 levels maximized the discrimination efficiency and achieved an AUC of 0.921 with 95.7% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity. Thus, we suggest that theQPLEXTMAlz plus assay is useful for prescreening brain Aβ levels in CN individuals, especially those aged >65 years, to prevent disease progression via the early detection of disease initiation.
Five ways to improve international comparisons of cancer survival: lessons learned from ICBP SURVMARK-2
Authors: Andersson Therese M.-L. , Myklebust Tor Åge , Rutherford Mark J. , Møller Bjørn , Arnold Melina , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie , Parkin D. Maxwell , Lambert Paul C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Comparisons of population-based cancer survival between countries are important to benchmark the overall effectiveness of cancer management. The International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) Survmark-2 study aims to compare survival in seven high-income countries across eight cancer sites and explore reasons for the observed differences. A critical aspect in ensuring comparability in the reported survival estimates are similarities in practice across cancer registries. While ICBP Survmark-2 has shown these differences are unlikely to explain the observed differences in cancer-specific survival between countries, it is important to keep in mind potential biases linked to registry practice and understand their likely impact.

Methods
Based on experiences gained within ICBP Survmark-2, we have developed a set of recommendations that seek to optimally harmonise cancer registry datasets to improve future benchmarking exercises.

Results
Our recommendations stem from considering the impact on cancer survival estimates in five key areas: (1) the completeness of the registry and the availability of registration sources; (2) the inclusion of death certification as a source of identifying cases; (3) the specification of the date of incidence; (4) the approach to handling multiple primary tumours and (5) the quality of linkage of cases to the deaths register.

Conclusion
These recommendations seek to improve comparability whilst maintaining the opportunity to understand and act upon international variations in outcomes among cancer patients.
Epimedium protects against dyszoospermia in mice with Pex3 knockout by exerting antioxidant effects and regulating the expression level of P16
Authors: Zhao Haiyang , Zhao Tingting , Yang Jihong , Huang Qianqian , Wu Hua , Pan Yueyun , Wang Hui , Qian Yun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is one of the primary factors leading to male infertility. Oral administration of antioxidants has thus far been found to significantly improve the quality of human sperm. Therefore, antioxidant treatment has become the consensus among international experts on male infertility. In this study, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 (Pex3)-knockout (KO, −/−) mice were used as a model to compare the efficacy of three types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) granules (Epimedium [YYH], Cuscuta [TSZ], and Rhodiola [HJT]) for male reproductive function rescue. YYH was revealed to be the best and exerted a rescue effect on Pex3−/− mice with spermatogenesis defects. In addition, YYH prominently reduced ROS levels in the testes, inhibited DNA oxidative damage in spermatogenic cells, promoted the proliferation of spermatogenic cells, and inhibited apoptosis in Pex3−/− male mice. Furthermore, the mechanism by which YYH ameliorated dyszoospermia was confirmed via the establishment of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (P16Ink4a)-KO mice. Specifically, Pex3−/− mice produced elevated amounts of ROS, which damaged germ cell DNA and further activated the signaling pathway of the cell senescence regulatory protein P16-CDK6, resulting in cell cycle arrest and eventually contributing to spermatogenesis dysfunction. YYH supplementation partially corrected the associated phenotype in gene KO mice by affecting P16 expression levels, thus improving the reproductive outcome to a certain extent.
Macrophages in epididymal adipose tissue secrete osteopontin to regulate bone homeostasis
Authors: Dai Bingyang , Xu Jiankun , Li Xu , Huang Le , Hopkins Chelsea , Wang Honglian , Yao Hao , Mi Jie , Zheng Lizhen , Wang Jiali , Tong Wenxue , Chow Dick Ho-kiu , Li Ye , He Xuan , Hu Peijie , Chen Ziyi , Zu Haiyue , Li Yixuan , Yao Yao , Jiang Qing , Qin Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) secretes an array of cytokines to regulate the metabolism of organs and tissues in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, but its effects on bone metabolism are not well understood. Here, we report that macrophages in eWAT are a main source of osteopontin, which selectively circulates to the bone marrow and promotes the degradation of the bone matrix by activating osteoclasts, as well as modulating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to engulf the lipid droplets released from adipocytes in the bone marrow of mice. However, the lactate accumulation induced by osteopontin regulation blocks both lipolysis and osteoclastogenesis in BMDMs by limiting the energy regeneration by ATP6V0d2 in lysosomes. Both surgical removal of eWAT and local injection of either clodronate liposomes (for depleting macrophages) or osteopontin-neutralizing antibody show comparable amelioration of HFD-induced bone loss in mice. These results provide an avenue for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate obesity-related bone disorders.
Stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Yang Yutong , Ding Jiahao , Zhao Yun , Zhang Hongbin , Zhu Yugen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlycosyl phosphosaccharides represent a large and important family of complex glycans. Due to the distinct nature of these complex molecules, efficient approaches to access glycosyl phosphosaccharides are still in great demand. Here, we disclose a highly efficient and stereoselective approach to the synthesis of biologically important and complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides, employing direct gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation of the weakly nucleophilic phosphoric acid acceptors. In this work, the broad substrate scope is demonstrated with more than 45 examples, including glucose, xylose, glucuronate, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, fucose, 2-N3-2-deoxymannose, 2-N3-2-deoxyglucose, 2-N3-2-deoxygalactose and unnatural carbohydrates. Here, we show the glycosyl phosphotriester prepared herein was successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis of a phosphosaccharide from Leishmania donovani, and an effective preparation of a trisaccharide diphosphate of phosphosaccharide fragments from Hansenula capsulate via iterative elongation strategy is realized.
Solvent-free bottom-up patterning of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Miao Yurun , Lee Dennis T. , de Mello Matheus Dorneles , Ahmad Mueed , Abdel-Rahman Mohammed K. , Eckhert Patrick M. , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Fairbrother D. Howard , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatterning metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at submicrometer scale is a crucial yet challenging task for their integration in miniaturized devices. Here we report an electron beam (e-beam) assisted, bottom-up approach for patterning of two MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF), ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. A mild pretreatment of metal oxide precursors with linker vapor leads to the sensitization of the oxide surface to e-beam irradiation, effectively inhibiting subsequent conversion of the oxide to ZIFs in irradiated areas, while ZIF growth in non-irradiated areas is not affected. Well-resolved patterns with features down to the scale of 100 nm can be achieved. This developer-free, all-vapor phase technique will facilitate the incorporation of MOFs in micro- and nanofabrication processes.
Single-component color-tunable circularly polarized organic afterglow through chiral clusterization
Authors: Li Hui , Gu Jie , Wang Zijie , Wang Juan , He Fei , Li Ping , Tao Ye , Li Huanhuan , Xie Gaozhan , Huang Wei , Zheng Chao , Chen Runfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCircularly polarized organic afterglow (CPOA) with both long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is currently attracting great interest, but the development of multicolor-tunable CPOA in a single-component material remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report an efficient strategy to achieve multicolor CPOA molecules through chiral clusterization by implanting chirality center into non-conjugated organic cluster. Owing to excitation-dependent emission of clusters, highly efficient and significantly tuned CPOA emissions from blue to yellowish-green with dissymmetry factor over 2.3 × 10−3 and lifetime up to 587 ms are observed under different excitation wavelengths. With the distinguished color-tunable CPOA, the multicolor CPL displays and visual RTP detection of ultraviolent light wavelength are successfully constructed. These results not only provide a new paradigm for realization of multicolor-tunable CPOA materials in single-component molecular systems, but also offer new opportunities for expanding the applicability of CPL and RTP materials for diversified applications.
Nosocomial transmission clusters and lineage diversity characterized by SARS-CoV-2 genomes from two large hospitals in Paris, France, in 2020
Authors: Leducq Valentin , Jary Aude , Bridier-Nahmias Antoine , Daniel Lena , Zafilaza Karen , Damond Florence , Goldstein Valérie , Duval Audrey , Blanquart François , Calvez Vincent , Descamps Diane , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Visseaux Benoit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrance went through three deadly epidemic waves due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing major public health and socioeconomic issues. We proposed to study the course of the pandemic along 2020 from the outlook of two major Parisian hospitals earliest involved in the fight against COVID-19. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on samples from patients and health care workers (HCWs) from Bichat (BCB) and Pitié-Salpêtrière (PSL) hospitals. A tree-based phylogenetic clustering method and epidemiological data were used to investigate suspected nosocomial transmission clusters. Clades 20A, 20B and 20C were prevalent during the spring wave and, following summer, clades 20A.EU2 and 20E.EU1 emerged and took over. Phylogenetic clustering identified 57 potential transmission clusters. Epidemiological connections between participants were found for 17 of these, with a higher proportion of HCWs. The joint presence of HCWs and patients suggest viral contaminations between these two groups. We provide an enhanced overview of SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic changes over 2020 in the Paris area, one of the regions with highest incidence in France. Despite the low genetic diversity displayed by the SARS-CoV-2, we showed that phylogenetic analysis, along with comprehensive epidemiological data, helps to identify and investigate healthcare associated clusters.
Prognostication in Poststroke Aphasia: Perspectives of Significant Others of People With Aphasia on Receiving Information About Recovery
Authors: Cheng Bonnie B. Y. , Ryan Brooke J. , Copland David A. , Wallace Sarah J. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:Knowing what to expect poststroke is important for many significant others of people with aphasia, yet an understanding of their perceptions and preferences in receiving prognostic information is limited. This knowledge is needed to inform the formulation and delivery of aphasia prognoses as conversations about prognosis can be harmful or helpful depending on their alignment with key stakeholder perspectives. Our preliminary study sought insight into the perspectives of significant others of people with aphasia on receiving prognostic information, with an aim toward informing evidence-based practice in aphasia prognostication.Method:We interviewed seven significant others of people with aphasia, 3–12 months poststroke. The interviews were semistructured, conducted one-to-one, and analyzed qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis.Results:Five themes were drawn from the interviews: (a) You don't know what you don't know. (b) Having them alive is the best you can ask for. (c) Recovery in the eye of the beholder. (d) Outcomes don't matter unless they help me help them. (e) It's my prognosis too if I'm living with aphasia.Conclusions:A significant other's prognosis-related perceptions and preferences are products of their poststroke reality and may inadvertently shape that of the person with aphasia. In order to facilitate recovery, prognostication practices need to consider the needs of significant others both as providers of care and as requiring care themselves for their first-hand experiences of third-party disability.
Moving Beyond Single Word Acquisition of Speech Sounds to Connected Speech Development With Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Glaspey Amy M. , Wilson Jenica J. , Reeder Justin D. , Tseng Wei-Chen , MacLeod Andrea A. N. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:The aim of this study was to document speech sound development across early childhood from a dynamic assessment (DA) perspective that captures a breadth of linguistic environments using the Glaspey Dynamic Assessment of Phonology (Glaspey, 2019), as well as to provide normative data for speech-language pathologists to compare speech skills when making clinical decisions and provide historical context. Targets of English were evaluated via DA for the (a) age of acquisition in single words; (b) continued development through connected speech; (c) early, mid, and late sequence; and (d) differences between single word and connected speech productions.Method:Data were extracted from the reported results of the norming study for the Glaspey Dynamic Assessment of Phonology, which included a representative sample of 880 children ages 3 years to 10;11 (years;months). Comparisons were made with 49 items including multisyllabic words, clusters, and phonemes of English across word positions.Results:Assessment with DA showed that acquisition in single words is nearly complete by age 6 years with a 90% mastery level, and the sequence suggests an Early-13, Mid-16, and Late-14 for items by word position. In connected speech, a wider range of progression is evident from the emergence of sound production at 50%, 75%, and 90% mastery levels with observed changes between ages 3 and 10 years.Conclusions:Given a DA approach across connected linguistic environments, children continue to progress in their development of speech sounds from early childhood well into their school-age years and for some sounds beyond the age of 10 years. DA challenges the language system to better reflect children's developmental progression.
The impact of cosmic-ray attenuation on the carbon cycle emission in molecular clouds
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Bisbas Thomas G. , Bialy Shmuel 
Published: January 2022

Context. Observations of the emission of the carbon cycle species (C, C+, CO) are commonly used to diagnose gas properties in the interstellar medium, but they are significantly sensitive to the cosmic-ray ionization rate. The carbon-cycle chemistry is known to be quite sensitive to the cosmic-ray ionization rate, ζ, controlled by the flux of low-energy cosmic rays which get attenuated through molecular clouds. However, astrochemical models commonly assume a constant cosmic-ray ionization rate in the clouds.
Aims. We investigate the effect of cosmic-ray attenuation on the emission of carbon cycle species from molecular clouds, in particular the [CII] 158 μm, [CI] 609 μm, and CO (J = 1–0) 115.27 GHz lines.
Methods. We used a post-processed chemical model of diffuse and dense simulated molecular clouds and quantified the variation in both column densities and velocity-integrated line emission of the carbon cycle with different cosmic-ray ionization rate models.
Results. We find that the abundances and column densities of carbon cycle species are significantly impacted by the chosen cosmic-ray ionization rate model: no single constant ionization rate can reproduce the abundances modeled with an attenuated cosmic-ray model. Further, we show that constant ionization rate models fail to simultaneously reproduce the integrated emission of the lines we consider, and their deviations from a physically derived cosmic-ray attenuation model is too complex to be simply corrected. We demonstrate that the two clouds we modeled exhibit a similar average AV,eff – nH relationship, resulting in an average relation between the cosmic-ray ionization rate and density ζ(nH).
Conclusions. We conclude by providing a number of implementation recommendations for cosmic rays in astrochemical models, but emphasize the necessity for column-dependent cosmic-ray ionization rate prescriptions.
Hymenal Tag in a Newborn
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Anaut Mónica Bronte , Antona Giuseppa , Pascual Carlos Bardají 
Published: January 2022

Case presentationWe report on a 7-day-old female newborn at
term, with no associated pathology, in
whom a smooth pinkish formation was observed
in the dorsal part of the hymen, protruding
between the labia minora Fig. 1.
Physical examination suggested a hymenal
tag, a polypoid hymenal lesion secondary
to maternal estrogen exposure that tends
to resolve spontaneously in the first months
of life, and thus excluded the initial need for
complementary tests. As expected, the excrescence
progressively disappeared during
the first months of life Fig. 2.
DABSO – A Reagent to Revolutionize Organosulfur Chemistry
Authors: Willis Michael C. , Andrews Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe introduction of easy-to-handle SO2 surrogates has transformed the field of sulfur chemistry, enabling methodologies utilizing SO2 to be carried out without specialized apparatus, and paving the way for the development of new procedures. This review highlights some of the varied and significant developments associated with one of the most prominent SO2 surrogates: DABSO.1	Introduction2	DABSO3	Reactions with Nucleophilic Reagents4	Metal-Catalyzed Reactions4.1	Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions4.2	Other Transition-Metal Catalysis5	Radical Reactions5.1	Aryldiazonium Salts5.2	Other Aryl Radical Precursors5.3	Alkyl Radical Precursors6	Conclusion