bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrole‐Based Cryptand‐Like Cages: A Critical Overview of Synthetic Strategies and Applications
Authors: Guchhait Tapas , Pradhan Pujarani , Panda Lipsita , Sreejit K. Rao M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPyrrole‐based cryptand‐like cages are important owing to their three‐dimensional cavities together with three open crevices or clefts. The polar pyrrole subunits in the cages preorganize themselves to construct rigid and shape persistent molecular frameworks. Both the inner voids (cavity and cleft) are accessible to various guests such as metal ions, anions and, neutral molecules. The pyrrole ring offers hydrogen bond donor NH groups and its π‐electrons to bind anions or neutral molecules, whereas sigma donation of pyrrolides stabilizes metal ions. In addition, the orientation of bridgehead positions of the cryptand molecules along with specific conformations of the pyrrole rings and/or connecting arms dictate the size of available void space which is directly related to the selectivity for specific guest molecules to be recognized. Thus, the cages have attracted attention in recent times for the development of supramolecular chemistry. In this review, we summarize different synthetic procedures of laterally symmetrical cryptand‐like molecules, their structures, and applications in diverse aspects.
Relative efficiency of two models of snap traps for sampling boreal small mammals
Authors: Jung Thomas S. , Pretzlaw Troy D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSnap traps have long been a cost‐effective means of monitoring small mammal (<60 g) diversity and abundance, particularly at larger spatial or temporal scales. Yet, studies on the relative efficiency of snap trap models are surprisingly rare in the literature. We assessed the relative efficacy of Victor Mouse and Woodstream Museum Special snap traps for sampling boreal small mammals. Paired traps were set for 2–3 nights at 40–50 trapping stations at each of 110 sites, for a total sampling effort of 28,910 trap nights. We captured 1,013 small mammals representing 13 species. Overall, Museum Special traps caught almost twice as many small mammals as Victor traps. There was no difference in the sex or age‐class of the overall capture in the 2 trap models. However, Museum Special traps were triggered without capturing a small mammal 31% more often than Victor traps. Results for the six most frequently captured species (Myodes rutilus,Microtus pennsylvanicus,Microtus oeconomus,Microtus xanthognathus,Peromyscus maniculatus, andSorex cinereus) mirrored those for overall captures. Moreover, the percent of the total capture in Museum Special traps ranged between 57–80% for each of the above species, indicating species‐specific responses to trap type. Our data further demonstrate the superior ability of Museum Special traps to capture boreal small mammals compared to Victor traps, which is likely attributed to a more sensitive trigging mechanism. Implications of our results suggest caution when mixing trap models in monitoring programs, or when interpreting results obtained with different trap models. We encourage similar comparisons in different biomes with different small mammal assemblages as trap performance is likely species specific.
Off-shell color-kinematics duality for Chern-Simons
Authors: Ben-Shahar Maor , Johansson Henrik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many gauge theories possess a hidden duality between color and kinematics in their on-shell scattering amplitudes. An open problem is to formulate an off-shell realization of the duality, thus manifesting a kinematic algebra. We show that 3D Chern-Simons (CS) theory in Lorenz gauge obeys off-shell color-kinematics duality. This holds both for the gauge field and the BRST ghosts, and the duality is manifest in the Feynman rules. A kinematic algebra can be formulated through a second-order differential operator (Poisson bracket) acting on the off-shell fields, and it corresponds to 3D volume-preserving diffeomorphisms, generated by functions in Lorenz gauge. We consider several admissible double-copy constructions of CS theory with Yang-Mills theory, a higher-derivative (DF)2 gauge theory, or CS theory itself. To obtain non-vanishing amplitudes, we deform pure CS theory by including the maximum amount of adjoint matter that respects the on-shell duality. This gives a new formulation of an 𝒩 = 4 CS-matter theory, with fields of unusual statistics. We argue that the color-stripped tree amplitudes of this theory are equivalent to those of the Gaiotto-Witten 𝒩 = 4 CS theory with bi-fundamental matter. We further show that the double copy of the 𝒩 = 4 CS theory with itself corresponds to maximally supersymmetric 𝒩 = 8 Dirac-Born-Infeld theory.
Resolving extreme jet substructure
Authors: Lu Yadong , Romero Alexis , Fenton Michael James , Whiteson Daniel , Baldi Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the effectiveness of theoretically-motivated high-level jet observables in the extreme context of jets with a large number of hard sub-jets (up toN= 8). Previous studies indicate that high-level observables are powerful, interpretable tools to probe jet substructure forN≤ 3 hard sub-jets, but that deep neural networks trained on low-level jet constituents match or slightly exceed their performance. We extend this work for up toN= 8 hard sub-jets, using deep particle-flow networks (PFNs) and Transformer based networks to estimate a loose upper bound on the classification performance. A fully-connected neural network operating on a standard set of high-level jet observables, 135 N-subjetiness observables and jet mass, reach classification accuracy of 86.90%, but fall short of the PFN and Transformer models, which reach classification accuracies of 89.19% and 91.27% respectively, suggesting that the constituent networks utilize information not captured by the set of high-level observables. We then identify additional high-level observables which are able to narrow this gap, and utilize LASSO regularization for feature selection to identify and rank the most relevant observables and provide further insights into the learning strategies used by the constituent-based neural networks. The final model contains only 31 high-level observables and is able to match the performance of the PFN and approximate the performance of the Transformer model to within 2%.
Pilotstudie: manualmedizinische Methodenevaluation zur Modulierbarkeit des Leitsymptoms Tinnitus
Authors: Fobbe A. , Bökel A. , Lesinski-Schiedat A. , Gutenbrunner C. , Sturm C. 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Tinnitus und Schwindel wurden schon auf vielfältige Weise untersucht. Daraus ergaben sich multiple Erklärungsansätze aus verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen. Auch die Muskulatur des Kiefers und der Halswirbelsäule wurde diesbezüglich erforscht. Es zeigten sich deutliche Hinweise dafür, dass bei Funktionsstörungen dieser Muskulatur Tinnitus ausgelöst werden kann. Diese Unterart des Tinnitus wird als sog. zervikogener somatosensorischer Tinnitus bezeichnet.

Ziel der Studie
Das Ziel war die Untersuchung des Effekts der manuellen Therapie auf die von Probanden berichtete, individuell empfundene Beeinträchtigung durch zervikogenen somatosensorischen Tinnitus (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory), auf die Schwindelsymptomatik (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) und auf die hypertone zervikokraniale Muskulatur.

Methodik
In einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie wurden 80 Patient*innen (40 in der Interventionsgruppe und 40 in der Kontrollgruppe) ärztlich untersucht und befragt. Anschließend erhielten sie manuelle Therapie.

Ergebnisse
Nach manueller Therapie zeigten sich bzgl. des Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, des Dizziness Handicap Inventory und muskulärer Hypertonien signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen zugunsten der Interventionsgruppe.

Schlussfolgerung
Die manuelle Untersuchung und Therapie stellten sich als wirksam heraus. Sie sollte bei ausbleibender HNO-ärztlicher Organpathologie und Verdacht auf zervikogenen somatosensorischen Tinnitus verstärkt zur Anwendung kommen. Die Rolle der einzelnen Muskeln gilt es tiefergehend zu untersuchen.
The influence of water-based nanolubrication on mill load and friction during hot rolling of 304 stainless steel
Authors: Wu Hui , Wei Dongbin , Hee Ay Ching , Huang Shuiquan , Xing Zhao , Jiao Sihai , Huang Han , Jiang Zhengyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing pure water in comparison to water-based lubricant containing 4% TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), the hot rolling tests of 304 stainless steel were carried out at a rolling temperature of 1050 °C under varying rolling reductions and speeds. The effects of lubrication on rolling force, torque, power and contact friction were systematically investigated. The coefficient of friction (COF) during steady-state hot steel rolling was inversely calculated using a developed flow stress model. The COF models including the effects of rolling reduction and speed were proposed via multiple linear regression. The results indicated that the use of the nanolubricant enabled a reduction of rolling force up to 6.1% and decreases in rolling torque and power up to 21.6%, compared to that of water condition. The results obtained from the linear regression agreed well with those from the inverse calculation, suggesting the developed COF models had high accuracy. The lubrication mechanisms were derived from a boundary lubrication regime, owing to ball bearing and mending effects of TiO2 NPs, and formation of thin lubricant film under high rolling pressure.
Estimates for the covariant derivative of the heat semigroup on differential forms, and covariant Riesz transforms
Authors: Baumgarth Robert , Devyver Baptiste , Güneysu Batu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith $$\vec {\Delta }_j\ge 0$$

Δ
→

j

≥
0

is the uniquely determined self-adjoint realization of the Laplace operator acting on j-forms on a geodesically complete Riemannian manifold M and $$\nabla $$
∇
the Levi-Civita covariant derivative, we prove among other things

a Gaussian heat kernel bound for $$\nabla \mathrm {e}^{ -t\vec {\Delta }_j }$$

∇

e

-
t

Δ
→

j

, if the curvature tensor of M and its covariant derivative are bounded,

an exponentially weighted $$L^p$$

L
p

-bound for the heat kernel of $$\nabla \mathrm {e}^{ -t\vec {\Delta }_j }$$

∇

e

-
t

Δ
→

j

, if the curvature tensor of M and its covariant derivative are bounded,

that $$\nabla \mathrm {e}^{ -t\vec {\Delta }_j }$$

∇

e

-
t

Δ
→

j

is bounded in $$L^p$$

L
p

for all $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

, if the curvature tensor of M and its covariant derivative are bounded,

a second order Davies-Gaffney estimate (in terms of $$\nabla $$
∇
and $$\vec {\Delta }_j$$

Δ
→

j

) for $$\mathrm {e}^{ -t\vec {\Delta }_j }$$

e

-
t

Δ
→

j

for small times, if the j-th degree Bochner-Lichnerowicz potential $$V_j=\vec {\Delta }_j-\nabla ^{\dagger }\nabla $$

V
j

=

Δ
→

j

-

∇
†

∇

of M is bounded from below (where $$V_1=\mathrm {Ric}$$

V
1

=
Ric

), which is shown to fail for large time, if $$V_j$$

V
j

is bounded.

Based on these results, we formulate a conjecture on the boundedness of the covariant local Riesz-transform $$\nabla (\vec {\Delta }_j+\kappa )^{-1/2}$$

∇

(

Δ
→

j

+
κ
)

-
1
/
2

in $$L^p$$

L
p

for all $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

(which we prove for $$1\le p\le 2$$

1
≤
p
≤
2

), and explain its implications to geometric analysis, such as the $$L^p$$

L
p

-Calderón-Zygmund inequality. Our main technical tool is a Bismut derivative formula for $$\nabla \mathrm {e}^{ -t\vec {\Delta }_j }$$

∇

e

-
t

Δ
→

j

.
Reinforcement learning as a basis for cross domain fusion of heterogeneous data
Authors: Christensen Sören , Tomforde Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose to establish a research direction based on Reinforcement Learning in the scope of Cross Domain Fusion. More precisely, we combine the algorithmic approach of evolutionary rule-based Reinforcement Learning with the efficiency and performance of Deep Reinforcement Learning, while simultaneously developing a sound mathematical foundation. A possible scenario is traffic control in urban regions.
Absence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 replication in ex vivo cultured cornea and cornea-derived epithelial cells
Authors: Bayyoud Tarek , Vavouras Syrigos Georgios , Ruetalo Buschinger Natalia , Wude Johanna , Businger Ramona , Hu Dan , Iftner Angelika , Thaler Sebastian , Schindler Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 to infect human corneal cells and tissues under standard corneal culture conditions using explants of COVID-19 donors and primary cornea-derived epithelial cells.

Methods
Cornea isolated from deceased COVID-19 donors was cultured for 4 weeks, and SARS-CoV-2 replication was monitored by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, primary corneal epithelial cells from healthy donors were cultured ex vivo and infected with SARS-CoV-2 and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a control. Infection status was assessed by western blotting and reporter gene expression using green fluorescent protein–expressing viral strains. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptor expression levels in cornea and epithelial cells were assessed by qRT-PCR.

Results
We did not detect SARS-CoV-2 replication in 10 corneas isolated from deceased COVID-19 patients and cultured for 4 weeks, indicating absence of infection under natural conditions. Furthermore, high-titer SARS-CoV-2 infection of ex vivo cultured cornea-derived epithelial cells did not result in productive virus replication. In contrast, the same cells were highly permissive for HCMV. This phenotype could potentially be explained by low ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcriptional activity in cornea and cornea-derived epithelial cells.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that cornea and limbal epithelial cells are refractory to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection. This could be due to the absence of robust receptor expression levels necessary for viral entry. This study adds further evidence to support the very low possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected corneal transplant donor to a recipient in corneal organ cultures.
Schmerzhafte Muskel-Skelett-Veränderungen bei Kindern mit neuromotorischen Erkrankungen (Teil 2)
Authors: Strobl Walter Michael 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBei allen angeborenen und erworbenen Erkrankungen des Gehirns, des Rückenmarks, der Nerven und Muskeln können Veränderungen von Bewegung und Haltung, Sensorik und Motorik beobachtet werden. Je nach Dauer der Störung entwickeln sich reversible und/oder irreversible Veränderungen der Bewegungsfunktion und der Form der Bewegungsorgane, die biomechanischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten folgen.Da diese Muskel-Skelett-Veränderungen sehr häufig für unterschätzte Schmerzen, Immobilität, mangelnde soziale Teilhabe und damit einer massiven Einschränkung der Lebensqualität verantwortlich sind, ist die detaillierte Kenntnis der funktionellen Anatomie und dieser Gesetzmäßigkeiten als Basis einer erfolgreichen Vorbeugung und Behandlung erforderlich.Den wichtigsten Stellenwert in der Frühdiagnostik bildet das rechtzeitige Erkennen von Kräfteungleichgewichten an Gelenken, von veränderten Hebelarmen der Muskulatur, von chronischen Schmerzen als Zeichen einer reaktiven Überlastung und von beginnenden Bewegungseinschränkungen. Screeningprogramme, die alle Störungsbilder umfassen und einfach im klinischen Alltag implementiert werden können, sollten entwickelt werden. Je früher Prävention und Behandlung dieser neuroorthopädischen Probleme bei chronischen neuromotorischen Erkrankungen in jeder Altersgruppe beginnen, umso erfolgreicher können Fehlentwicklungen sowie irreversible sekundäre Schäden, strukturelle Veränderungen, Fehlstellungen, Kontrakturen, (Sub‑)Luxationen, Funktionsverlust, Immobilität und Behinderungen vermieden werden.In diesem zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten des Screenings, der Prävention und der Frühbehandlung dieser Muskel-Skelett-Veränderungen vorgestellt.
Mapping the Issues of Automated Legal Systems: Why Worry About Automatically Processable Regulation?
Authors: Guitton Clement , Tamò-Larrieux Aurelia , Mayer Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe field of computational law has increasingly moved into the focus of the scientific community, with recent research analysing its issues and risks. In this article, we seek to draw a structured and comprehensive list of societal issues that the deployment of automatically processable regulation could entail. We do this by systematically exploring attributes of the law that are being challenged through its encoding and by taking stock of what issues current projects in this field raise. This article adds to the current literature not only by providing a needed framework to structure arising issues of computational law but also by bridging the gap between theoretical literature and practical implementation. Key findings of this article are: (1) The primary benefit (efficiency vs. accessibility) sought after when encoding law matters with respect to the issues such an endeavor triggers; (2) Specific characteristics of a project—project type, degree of mediation by computers, and potential for divergence of interests—each impact the overall number of societal issues arising from the implementation of automatically processable regulation.
Assessing the effect of environmental and socio-economic factors on skin melanoma incidence: an island-wide spatial study in Gran Canaria (Spain), 2007–2018
Authors: Grau-Pérez Mercè , Borrego Leopoldo , Carretero Gregorio , Almeida Pablo , Cano Jorge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Skin melanoma incidence has risen in the last decades becoming a major public health problem in many regions of the world. Geographic variation of rates is not well understood.

Purpose
To assess the spatial distribution of skin melanoma in Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) and to evaluate the role of environmental, socio-economic, and demographic factors in this distribution.

Methods
We performed a small-area study with disease mapping at the census-tract level (CT) in Gran Canaria between 2007 and 2018. After testing for spatial autocorrelation, we integrated individual-level health data with census-based demographic and socio-economic indicators, and satellite-based environmental data. Finally, we assessed the role of demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors on skin melanoma incidence using a Bayesian analytical framework, with options for non-spatial and spatial random effects.

Results
1058 patients were diagnosed with invasive skin melanoma in the study period and geolocated to a CT (number of CT in Gran Canaria = 565). We found evidence of global spatial autocorrelation in skin melanoma incidence (Moran’s I = 0.09, pseudo p-value = 0.001). A few hotspots were detected, fundamentally in urban northern tracts. A radial pattern of high values was also observed in selected ravines with historical isolation. Multivariable conditional autoregressive models identified urbanicity, percent of females, and a high socio-economic status as risk factors for disease. Solar radiation did not show a significant role.

Conclusion
Urbanicity and a high socio-economic status were identified as the main risk factors for skin melanoma. These associations might reflect differential melanoma susceptibilities or be explained by health inequalities in detection. This study also uncovered high-risk areas in particular ravines. Future targeted research in these regions might help better understand the role of genetic and toxic factors in melanoma pathogenesis.
Well testing of radial jet drilling wells in geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Egberts Paul , Peters Elisabeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRadial Jet Drilling (RJD) is a stimulation technique to increase a well’s performance through creation of multiple laterals of up to 100 m long. The technique has been used in the petroleum industry for several years and recently also for geothermal reservoirs. Interpretation of well tests of a well with multiple laterals may become problematic if the effect of the laterals is not correctly modelled. In this work it is investigated what the impact of RJD laterals is on the pressure transients for both single and dual porosity reservoirs. A semi-analytic model for the calculation of the transient well pressure that accounts explicitly for the RJD well geometry is developed and validated with a detailed numerical simulation. The results show that changes in the lateral configuration affect the pressure transients significantly. In particular for single porosity media, the laterals affect the pressure transients in ways that cannot be captured by representing the stimulation by a skin factor. Since the RJD process is unsteered and the exact configuration of the laterals uncertain, the model may potentially assist in estimating the effectiveness of the stimulation such as the achieved reach of the laterals. Although the work was carried out in the context of RJD application in geothermal reservoirs, the presented model approach can be extended to multi-lateral wells in oil or gas reservoirs.
Does Property-Perception Entail the Content View?
Authors: Wilson Keith A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVisual perception is widely taken to present properties such as redness, roundness, and so on. This in turn might be thought to give rise to accuracy conditions for experience, and so content, regardless of which metaphysical view of perception one endorses. An influential version of this argument —Susanna Siegel’s ‘Argument from Appearing’ — aims to establish the existence of content as common ground between representational and relational views of perception. This goes against proponents of ‘austere’ relationalism who deny that content plays a substantive role in philosophical explanations of conscious perceptual experience. Though Siegel’s argument purports to be neutral with respect to the metaphysics of perception, it relies upon an equivocation between the presentation of property-types and property-instances. Consequently, the argument begs the question against the austere relational view, and so fails to establish the desired conclusion. So while relationalists can and should allow that experiences have accuracy conditions, it does not follow from this that they have contents of any philosophically interesting or significant kind.
Lesser-Evil Justifications: A Reply to Frowe
Authors: Gordon-Solmon Kerah , Pummer Theron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSometimes one can prevent harm only by contravening rights. If the harm one can prevent is great enough, compared to the stringency of the opposing rights, then one has a lesser-evil justification to contravene the rights. Non-consequentialist orthodoxy holds that, most of the time, lesser-evil justifications add to agents’ permissible options without taking any away. Helen Frowe rejects this view. She claims that, almost always, agents must act on their lesser-evil justifications. Our primary task is to refute Frowe’s flagship argument. Secondarily, it is to sketch a positive case for nonconsequentialist orthodoxy.