bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleeping pattern among the general population in COVID-19: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Soe Pa Pa , Hnin Zar Lwin , Hlaing Thein , Min Hlaing 
Published: June 2022

Background
COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. Home confinement and movement restrictions can affect lifestyle changes and may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCD). This systematic review will provide a detailed summary of changing patterns of physical activities, diet and sleep among the general public in COVID-19.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scopus will be, among eight bibliographic databases, applied and search work will take one month (from January 2021 until February 2021). Key search terms will include common characteristics of physical activity, dietary pattern, sleeping pattern, and COVID-19. The reviewers will fully apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria framed by PICOS as well as the screening form and the PRISMA flow for selecting the papers eligible for this review. Moreover, the reviewers will use a self-developed excel table to extract the required information on dietary pattern changes, physical activities and sleep patterns changes, and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) for practicing quality assessment. We will include only observational studies and analyze the extracted information qualitatively and the review output will be based on the eligible studies’ outcomes.

Discussion
Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns are challenging to the public health professionals regarding the risk factors for NCD, and long-term effects might impact the controlling of the NCD. Evidence-based research information is needed regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and there are a few global data on changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns. Furthermore, innovative public health interventions or implementations are needed to maintain the positive health status of the population in the long run as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Systematic review registration
This systematic review is based on a protocol registered with PROSPERO CRD42021232667.
Assessing the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in obese respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Barrett Laura A. , Xing Aiwen , Sheffler Julia , Steidley Elizabeth , Adam Terrence J. , Zhang Rui , He Zhe 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Obesity is a common disease and a known risk factor for many other conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions such as bariatric surgery. In this study, we examine the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements by the individuals with obesity.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data 2003–2018. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the correlations of demographics and obesity status with the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplement use. We also built machine learning models to classify prescription drug and dietary supplement use using demographic data and obesity status.

Results
Individuals with obesity are more likely to take cardiovascular agents (OR = 2.095, 95% CI 1.989–2.207) and metabolic agents (OR = 1.658, 95% CI 1.573–1.748) than individuals without obesity. Gender, age, race, poverty income ratio, and insurance status are significantly correlated with dietary supplement use. The best performing model for classifying prescription drug use had the accuracy of 74.3% and the AUROC of 0.82. The best performing model for classifying dietary supplement use had the accuracy of 65.3% and the AUROC of 0.71.

Conclusions
This study can inform clinical practice and patient education of the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements and their correlation with obesity.
Identification of cardiovascular and molecular prognostic factors for the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19-sepsis (ICROVID): Protocol for a prospective multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Neu Charles , Baumbach Philipp , Scherag André , Kortgen Andreas , Götze Juliane , Coldewey Sina M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Severe COVID-19 constitutes a form of viral sepsis. Part of the specific pathophysiological pattern of this condition is the occurrence of cardiovascular events. These include pulmonary embolism, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy as manifestations of extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction. Hitherto, the prognostic impact of these cardiovascular events and their predisposing risk factors remains unclear. This study aims to explore this question in two cohorts of viral sepsis–COVID-19 and influenza–in order to identify new theragnostic strategies to improve the short- and long-term outcome of these two diseases.

Methods and analysis
In this prospective multi-centre cohort study, clinical assessment will take place during the acute and post-acute phase of sepsis and be complemented by molecular laboratory analyses. Specifically, echocardiography and cardiovascular risk factor documentation will be performed during the first two weeks after sepsis onset. Aside from routine haematological and biochemical laboratory tests, molecular phenotyping will comprise analyses of the metabolome, lipidome and immune status. The primary endpoint of this study is the difference in 3-month mortality of patients with and without septic cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 sepsis. Patients will be followed up until 6 months after onset of sepsis via telephone interviews and questionnaires. The results will be compared with a cohort of patients with influenza sepsis as well as previous cohorts of patients with bacterial sepsis and healthy controls.

Ethics and dissemination
Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (2020-2052-BO). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at appropriate conferences.

Trial registration
DRKS00024162.
High HIV incidence among young women in South Africa: Data from a large prospective study
Authors: Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Rees Helen V. , Heller Kate B. , Ahmed Khatija , Batting Joanne , Beesham Ivana , Heffron Renee , Justman Jessica , Makkan Heeran , Mastro Timothy D. , Morrison Susan A. , Mugo Nelly , Nair Gonasagrie , Kiarie James , Philip Neena M. , Pleaner Melanie , Reddy Krishnaveni , Selepe Pearl , Steyn Petrus S. , Scoville Caitlin W. , Smit Jenni , Thomas Katherine K. , Donnell Deborah , Baeten Jared M. ,   for the ECHO Trial Consortium
Published: June 2022

IntroductionSouth Africa has the highest national burden of HIV globally. Understanding drivers of HIV acquisition in recently completed, prospective studies in which HIV was an endpoint may help inform the strategy and investments in national HIV prevention efforts and guide the design of future HIV prevention trials. We assessed HIV incidence and correlates of incidence among women enrolled in ECHO (Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes), a large, open-label randomized clinical trial that compared three highly effective. reversible methods of contraception and rates of HIV acquisition.MethodsDuring December 2015 to October 2018, ECHO followed sexually active, HIV-seronegative women, aged 16–35 years, seeking contraceptive services and willing to be randomized to one of three contraceptive methods (intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, copper intrauterine device, or levonorgestrel implant) for 12–18 months at nine sites in South Africa. HIV incidence based on prospectively observed HIV seroconversion events. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to define baseline cofactors related to incident HIV infection.Results5768 women were enrolled and contributed 7647 woman-years of follow-up. The median age was 23 years and 62.5% were ≤24 years. A total of 345 incident HIV infections occurred, an incidence of 4.51 per 100 woman-years (95%CI 4.05–5.01). Incidence was >3 per 100 woman-years at all sites. Age ≤24 years, baseline infection with sexually transmitted infections, BMI≤30, and having new or multiple partners in the three months prior to enrollment were associated with incident HIV.ConclusionsHIV incidence was high among South African women seeking contraceptive services. Integration of diagnostic management of sexually transmitted infections alongside delivery of HIV prevention options in health facilities providing contraception services are needed to mitigate ongoing risks of HIV acquisition for this vulnerable population.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, numberNCT02550067was the main Clinical Trial from which this secondary, non-randomized / observational analysis was derived with data limited to just South African sites.
Influence of alcohol sensitivity on bone metastases and skeletal-related events in primary operable breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tanda Naoko , Tada Hiroshi , Washio Jumpei , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Ishida Takanori , Koseki Takeyoshi 
Published: June 2022

Background
Bone metastases in breast cancer patients are a common concern for medical doctors and dentists. Bone-modifying agents, which are necessary to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs), are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw as an adverse side effect. Hypersensitivity to alcohol is an unfavorable response caused by deficiency of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) activity. Inactive ALDH2 is associated with osteoporosis, but its influence on bone metastases is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol sensitivity on bone metastases and SREs in primary operable breast cancer patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who were administered docetaxel, an anti-tumor agent, for histologically diagnosed breast cancer between April 2004 and September 2015. Alcohol sensitivity was assessed based on medical records of hypersensitivity to alcohol. The primary endpoint was time to bone metastases and the secondary endpoint was time to first SRE from the initial docetaxel administration. Data were stratified by alcohol sensitivity and tumor stages, and differences were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic risk factors were analyzed by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
The median follow-up period of patients with high sensitivity to alcohol (n = 45) was 54 months and that for those with low sensitivity (n = 287) was 64 months. Stratification by alcohol sensitivity revealed that tumor stage exhibited significant correlations with the cumulative incidence of bone metastases in low-sensitivity patients; however, no differences were found in high-sensitivity patients. In multivariate analysis, alcohol sensitivity was a significant prognostic risk factor for bone metastases (HR 2.721, 95% CI 1.268–5.841, P = 0.010).

Conclusion
Alcohol sensitivity may be a prognostic risk factor for bone metastases. More detailed genetic investigations and metabolic analyses are needed.
Prevalence of refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among schoolchildren of Almaty, Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mukazhanova Ainagul , Aldasheva Neilya , Iskakbayeva Juldyz , Bakhytbek Raushan , Ualiyeva Aliya , Baigonova Kaini , Ongarbaeva Damet , Vinnikov Denis 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionVery little is known about the prevalence of refractive errors among children in Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors and risk factors of myopia among schoolchildren in Almaty, Kazakhstan.MethodsIn the cross-sectional study of 2293 secondary school students (age 6–16), we examined cycloplegic autorefraction and offered a questionnaire in three age groups: 1stgrade (N = 769), 5thgrade (N = 768) and 9thgrade (N = 756). The questionnaire covered main risk factors such as parental myopia, screen time, time outdoors, sports activities, near work, gender, grade, and school shift. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was applied to test the association of risk factors with myopia.ResultsThe mean spherical equivalent (SER) was -0.54 ± 1.51 diopters (D). The overall prevalence of refractive errors was 31.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29.7; 33.5); myopia 28.3% (95% CI 26.5; 30.1); hyperopia 3.4% (95% CI 2.7–4.1) and astigmatism 2.8% (95% CI 2.1; 3.5). In the multivariate adjusted regression analysis, higher class level (5thgrade (odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95% CI 1.26; 2.52) and 9thgrade (OR 3.34; 95% CI 2.31; 4.82)) were associated with myopia, whereas outdoors activity more than 2 hours a day (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.46; 0.89) and sports (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52; 0.93) were associated with a lower incidence of myopia.ConclusionsMyopia is a leading refractive error in schoolchildren in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Myopia prevention measures, including more time outdoors, should guide public health interventions in this population.
Potential role of conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography in the screening of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in elderly individuals: Baseline echocardiographic findings from the LOOP study
Authors: Olsen Flemming Javier , Diederichsen Søren Zöga , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Jensen Magnus T. , Dahl Anders , Landler Nino Emmanuel , Graff Claus , Brandes Axel , Krieger Derk , Haugan Ketil , Køber Lars , Højberg Søren , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: June 2022

Background
Elderly individuals occupy an increasing part of the general population. Conventional and speckle-tracking transthoracic echocardiography may help guide risk stratification in these individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential utility of conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography in the screening of cardiac abnormalities in the elderly population.

Methods
Two cohorts of elderly individuals (sample size: 1441 and 944) were analyzed, who were part of a randomized controlled clinical trial (LOOP study) and of an observational study (Copenhagen City Heart Study), recruiting participants from the general population >70 years of age with cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, or prior stroke) and sinus rhythm. Participants underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination, including myocardial speckle tracking. Cardiac abnormalities were defined according to the ASE/EACVI guidelines.

Results
Structural cardiac abnormalities such as left ventricular (LV) remodeling, mitral annular calcification (MAC), and aortic valve sclerosis (with or without stenosis) were highly prevalent in the LOOP study (40%, 39%, and 27%, respectively). Moreover, a high prevalence of functional cardiac alterations such as LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), abnormal LV longitudinal systolic strain (GLS), and abnormal left atrial (LA) reservoir strain was present in the LOOP study (27%, 18%, and 9%, respectively). Likewise, the rate of LVDD, abnormal GLS, and abnormal LA reservoir strain was comparable in the validation sample from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In line with these findings, subjects with LV remodeling, MAC, and aortic valve changes had a higher prevalence of LVDD, abnormal GLS, and abnormal LA reservoir strain than those without structural cardiac alterations.

Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight the potential clinical utility of conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography in the screening of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in the elderly population. Further studies are warranted to determine the prognostic relevance of these findings.
Sleep disturbance after acute coronary syndrome: A longitudinal study over 12 months
Authors: von Känel Roland , Meister-Langraf Rebecca E. , Zuccarella-Hackl Claudia , Schiebler Sarah L. F. , Znoj Hansjörg , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Schmid Jean-Paul , Barth Jürgen , Schnyder Ulrich , Princip Mary 
Published: June 2022

Background
Sleep disturbance has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study examined the course of sleep disturbance and associated factors in patients with ACS who were followed for one year.

Methods
Study participants were 180 patients (mean age 59.6 years, 81.7% men) with ACS admitted to a tertiary hospital to undergo acute coronary intervention. Sleep disturbance was interviewer-assessed at admission (n = 180), at 3 months (n = 146), and at 12 months (n = 101) using the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS)-4, with a total of 414 assessments over one year. Random linear mixed regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, cardiac diseases severity, perceived distress during ACS, comorbidities, medication, health behaviors, and sleep disturbance over time.

Results
At admission, 3 months, and 12 months, 56.7%, 49.3%, and 49.5% of patients, respectively, scored above the mean value for sleep disturbance in the general population (JSS-4 score ≥5). There was a significant decrease in continuous JSS-4 scores over time [estimate (SE) = -0.211 (0.074), p = 0.005]. Female sex [0.526 (0.206), p = 0.012], greater fear of dying [0.074 (0.026), p = 0.004], helplessness during ACS [0.062 (0.029), p = 0.034], and a history of depression [0.422 (0.171), p = 0.015] were independently associated with higher JSS-4 scores over time.

Conclusion
Despite a decrease from admission to 3 months, sleep disturbance is prevalent in the first year after ACS. Female sex, depression history, and distress during ACS identify patients at increased risk of developing persistent sleep disturbance and may inform interventions to prevent sleep disturbance.
BRAZILIAN FRANCHISE STARTUPS AND THE COVID-19 CRISIS: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ADAPTION CAPABILITIES
Authors: DERMONDE MATHEUS , FISCHER BRUNO BRANDÃO 
Published: June 2022

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand how franchise startups have been facing the crisis caused by COVID-19, with greater emphasis on the effects of the franchising decision on the survival of this type of business during the crisis period.
Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative research, conducted through multiple-case studies on four Brazilian startups that operate through franchised units. Data were collected through online interviews with founders and managers of the franchisee, complemented with information obtained from the companies' websites/social media and articles published in business magazines. The technique of content analysis was used.
Findings – We found that franchise startups can operate through conventional franchises or micro-franchises. In both cases, we found no reduction in the agility or flexibility of these businesses. Thus, within a crisis context, resilience allows the franchisor to gain greater advantages from its franchisees, if it opts for the conventional franchise model.
Originality – This research addresses the intersection between two business models: startups and franchises. It contributes to the understanding of both areas, as well as the effects of a business model in a crisis context.
Limitations/implications – This is a study conducted with a small number of cases within a similar context. The main implications of this research are the formulation of a set of propositions about the startup franchising process and the effects of a crisis for companies that adopt this operating model, and a descriptive diagram of this process.
Bacopa as Crude Extracts Improve Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injuries in Rodent
Authors: Rohit Kumar Sarda  , Mingma Sherpa  , Rohan Sinha  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Spinal cord injury is a major cause of disability with most treatment modalities still in open question. Some alternative medicine treatments are moving into preclinical trials worldwide. Brahmi is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. Traditionally used as a brain tonic to enhance memory, learning and concentration, and in some previous work shows neural regeneration in hippocampal cells. This study was done to look at the role of one of these neuroprotective plant products in spinal cord injury based on the hypothesis that if neural stem cells differentiate with more dendrites in vitro, it may do the same in vivo with clinical benefit.
METHODS
Controlled spinal cord injury in form of hemisection was done in rodents that were housed in the animal house of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, followed by administration dose of bacopa. The comparative study was done by looking at the improvement in hind limb movement by known study methods which were modified for our study.
RESULTS
The result of rodents shows a more rapid recovery through catwalk and IBB scoring treated with crude bacopa than control one. The histological evaluation was also looked after sacrificing the rodent at the end of the study which corroborates the functional findings of improvement in neural regeneration in the spinal cord.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacopa crude extracts seem to be beneficial in spinal cord injury. Evaluation of different bacopasides to find which component of the crude product is beneficial.
Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Ceramic by Various Modern Resin Cements in Multilayer Technique
Authors: Rafat Sasany  , Goknil Ergun-Kunt  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the study was to assess bond strength of various modern resin cements based on CAD-CAM ceramic in multilayer technique.
METHODS
CAD-CAM blocks specimens, IPS e.max ZirCAD (core, n=60) and IPS e max CAD (veneer, n=60) were fabricated. All specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=20). By multilayer technique, zirconia core and veneer were cemented with 3 different cements, RelyX U200 (MR), Panavia V5 (MP), and Multilink N (MM]. Ageing was performed for (5-55°C, 5000). The shear bond strength test was performed with a universal test unit. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey signiﬁcant difference test (alpha =0.05).
RESULTS
The SBS differed substantially depending on the resin cement used. Group MP had the highest bond strength (P < .001) and lower MM. No significant differences were found between the groups MR and MM.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences were found in the shear bond strength of the veneer luted to zirconia base in multilayer technique using self-adhesive and conventional cement. The bond strength depended on the combination of ceramic and cement. The Panavia V5 had the highest bond strength.