bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Loading of DNA Hydrogels with Dye–Drug Conjugates for Real‐Time Photoacoustic Monitoring of Chemotherapy
Authors: Borum Raina M. , Moore Colman , Mantri Yash , Xu Ming , Jokerst Jesse V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA longstanding problem with conventional cancer therapy is the nonspecific distribution of chemotherapeutics. Monitoring drug release in vivo via noninvasive bioimaging can thus have value, but it is difficult to distinguish loaded from released drug in live tissue. Here, this work describes an injectable supramolecular hydrogel that allows slow and trackable release of doxorubicin (Dox) via photoacoustic (PA) tomography. Dox is covalently linked with photoacoustic methylene blue (MB) to monitor Dox before, during, and after release from the hydrogel carrier. The conjugate (MB‐Dox) possesses an IC50 of 161.4 × 10−9 m against human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) cells and loads into a DNA‐clad hydrogel with 91.3% loading efficiency due to MB‐Dox's inherent intramolecular affinity to DNA. The hydrogel is biodegradable by nuclease digestion, which causes gradual release of MB‐Dox. This release rate is tunable based on the wt% of the hydrogel. This hydrogel maintains distinct PA contrast on the order of days when injected in vivo and demonstrates activatable PA spectral shifts during hydrogel degradation. The released and loaded payload can be imaged relative to live tissue via PA and ultrasound signal being overlaid in real‐time. The hydrogel slowed the rate of the murine intraperitoneal tumor growth 72.2% more than free Dox.
Multimodal Electrocorticogram Active Electrode Array Based on Zinc Oxide‐Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Luxi , Xia Jie , Zhao Wanpeng , Dong Shurong , Ye Zhi , Pan Gang , Luo Jikui , Zhang Shaomin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActive electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes can amplify weak electrophysiological signals and improve anti‐interference ability; however, traditional active electrodes are opaque and cannot realize photoelectric collaborative observation. In this study, an active and fully transparent ECoG array based on zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (ZnO TFTs) is developed as a local neural signal amplifier for electrophysiological monitoring. The transparency of the proposed ECoG array is up to 85%, which is superior to that of the previously reported active electrode arrays. Various electrical characterizations have demonstrated its ability to record electrophysiological signals with a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio of 19.9 dB compared to the Au grid (13.2 dB). The high transparency of the ZnO‐TFT electrode array allows the concurrent collection of high‐quality electrophysiological signals (32.2 dB) under direct optical stimulation of the optogenetic mice brain. The ECoG array can also work under 7‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging to record local brain signals without affecting brain tissue imaging. As the most transparent active ECoG array to date, it provides a powerful multimodal tool for brain observation, including recording brain activity under synchronized optical modulation and 7‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.
Material Choice and Structure Design of Flexible Battery Electrode
Authors: Xia Xiangling , Yang Jack , Liu Yang , Zhang Jiujun , Shang Jie , Liu Bin , Li Sean , Li Wenxian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the development of flexible electronics, the demand for flexibility is gradually put forward for its energy supply device, i.e., battery, to fit complex curved surfaces with good fatigue resistance and safety. As an important component of flexible batteries, flexible electrodes play a key role in the energy density, power density, and mechanical flexibility of batteries. Their large‐scale commercial applications depend on the fulfillment of the commercial requirements and the fabrication methods of electrode materials. In this paper, the deformable electrode materials and structural design for flexible batteries are summarized, with the purpose of flexibility. The advantages and disadvantages of the application of various flexible materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene, carbon fiber/carbon fiber cloth, and conducting polymers) and flexible structures (buckling structure, helical structure, and kirigami structure) in flexible battery electrodes are discussed. In addition, the application scenarios of flexible batteries and the main challenges and future development of flexible electrode fabrication are also discussed, providing general guidance for the research of high‐performance flexible electrodes.
Spatially Resolved Dynamics of Cobalt Color Centers in ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Plass Christian T. , Bonino Valentina , Ritzer Maurizio , Jäger Lukas R. , Rey‐Bakaikoa Vicente , Hafermann Martin , Segura‐Ruiz Jaime , Martínez‐Criado Gema , Ronning Carsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of color centers, being a promising quantum technology, is strongly dependent on the local environment. A synergistic approach of X‐ray fluorescence analysis and X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) using a hard X‐ray nanoprobe is applied. The simultaneous acquisition provides insights into compositional and functional variations at the nanoscale demonstrating the extraordinary capabilities of these combined techniques. The findings on cobalt doped zinc oxide nanowires show an anticorrelation between the band edge emission of the zinc oxide host and the intra‐3d cobalt luminescence, indicating two competing recombination paths. Moreover, time‐resolved XEOL measurements reveal two exponential decays of the cobalt luminescence. The fast and newly observed one can be attributed to a recombination cascade within the cobalt atom, resulting from direct excitation. Thus, this opens a new fast timescale for potential devices based on cobalt color centers in ZnO nanowires in photonic circuits.
Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery System for mRNA Encoding B7H3‐redirected Bispecific Antibody Displays Potent Antitumor Effects on Malignant Tumors
Authors: Huang Cheng , Duan Xing , Wang Jichao , Tian Qingqing , Ren Yangmei , Chen Kepan , Zhang Zongliang , Li Yuanyou , Feng Yunyu , Zhong Kunhong , Wang Yuelong , Zhou Liangxue , Guo Gang , Song Xiangrong , Tong Aiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe therapeutic use of bispecific T‐cell engaging (BiTE) antibodies has shown great potential for treating malignancies. BiTE can simultaneously engage CD3ε on T cells and tumor antigen on cancer cells, thus exerting an effective antitumor effect. Nevertheless, challenges in production, manufacturing, and short serum half‐life of BiTE have dampened some of the promise and impeded the pace of BiTE‐based therapeutics to combat diseases. Nowadays, in vitro‐transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production, which is more flexible and cost‐effective than the traditional method of producing recombinant antibody. Here, the authors have developed a BiTE‐based mRNA treatment by encapsulating mRNA encoding B7H3×CD3 BiTE into a novel ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The authors have found that LNPs have high transfection efficiency, and the hepatosplenic targeting capability of produce high concentrations of BiTE. Above all, a single intravenous injection of BiTE mRNA‐LNPs could achieve high levels of protein expression in vivo and significantly prolonged the half‐life of the BiTE, which can elicit robust and durable antitumor efficacy against hematologic malignancies and melanoma. Therefore, their results suggested that the therapeutic strategy based on mRNA expression of B7H3×CD3 BiTE is of potential research value and has promising clinical application prospects.
Biodegradable, Water‐Resistant, Anti‐Fizzing, Polyester Nanocellulose Composite Paper Straws
Authors: Kwak Hojung , Kim Hyeri , Park Seul‐A , Lee Minkyung , Jang Min , Park Sung Bae , Hwang Sung Yeon , Kim Hyo Jeong , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Koo Jun Mo , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong plastic items, single‐use straws are particularly detrimental to marine ecosystems because such straws, including those made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are sharp and extremely slowly degradable in the ocean. While paper straws are promising alternatives, they exhibit hydration‐induced swelling even when coated with a non‐degradable plastic coating and promote effervescence (fizzing) in soft drinks owing to their surface heterogeneities. In this study, upgraded paper straw is coated with poly(butylene succinate) cellulose nanocrystal (PBS/CNC) composites. CNC increases adhesion to paper owing to their similar chemical structures, optimizes crystalline PBS spherulites through effective nucleation, and reinforces the matrix through its anisotropic and rigid features. The straws are not only anti‐fizzing when used with soft drinks owing to their homogeneous and seamless surface coatings, but also highly water‐resistant and tough owing to their watertight surfaces. All degradable components effectively decompose under aerobic composting and in the marine environment. This technology contributes to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water).
Green Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Edible Proteins for Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Kheirabadi Noushin Raeisi , Karimzadeh Fathallah , Enayati Mohammad Hossein , Kalali Ehsan Naderi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe next generation of wearable electronics for internet of things (IoT) systems, and green energy harvesting require electrically conductive materials with high flexibility, conductivity, and being environmentally friendly. In this study, three biopolymers, cow's milk, soy milk, and egg white liquid, are investigated and compared as spin‐coated positive layers in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Superior results are obtained using egg white liquid as a novel liquid conductor with comparable conductivity and high transparency. After investigating various disposable polymers as substrates, sandpaper is used to improve the output performance of the proposed egg white liquid based TENG (EW‐TENG). The maximum output power density, voltage, and current of the EW‐TENG are 328.84 mW cm−2, 1720 V, and 16.05 mA, respectively. The fabricated EW‐TENG, with an area of 4 × 4 cm2, can directly illuminate 55 high‐power blue LEDs and can adequately perform an electrophoretic deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on copper layers without microcracks. The potential distribution of the EW‐TENG obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics software is consistent with the experimental results. Herein, an eco‐environmentally friendly, flexible, and lightweight electronic device for energy harvesting and electrophoretic deposition applications is proposed.
Electronic Synaptic Devices with High Thermostability Induced by Embedded Tungsten Disulfide Quantum Dots for Machine Learning
Authors: An Haoqun , An Jun Seop , Li Mingjun , Kim Youngjin , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIf the speed of machine learning is to be improved, devices and systems with strong resistances to various types of internal noise, mainly internal thermal noise, are urgently needed. The successful demonstration of a synaptic device is reported based on a polyimide–tungsten disulfide quantum dot (PI‐WS2 QD) nanocomposite that continued to operate normally after simultaneous exposure of a high temperature of 100 °C. Such excellent performance is attributable to the strong quantum confinement effect of WS2 QDs. The working current of the device and its power consumption are on the orders of nanoamperes and femtojoules, respectively. Undoubtedly, such devices will significantly improve the physical performances of machine learning systems and allow the rapid realization of greatly improving machine learning speed.
A Class of Auxiliary Passivators for Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Li Xiao‐Fen , Wang Tian‐Yu , Li Shunning , Zhang Gui‐Xin , Liu Jian‐Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐electrical‐strength polymer dielectrics are essential for advanced devices with high power and/or high integration densities and film capacitors with high energy‐storage densities. Key factors affecting the polymer dielectric electrical strength are deep‐level defect states, which lead to electron and hole accumulation. Numerous deep‐level defect states lead to charge accumulation in the polymer dielectric during operation, contributing to local electric field distortion and resulting in flashover or breakdown. In this work, first‐principles calculations and experiments reveal that VH (i.e., H vacancies) in the polymer dielectric molecular chain can create defect states deep in the bandgap. RCl (R = Li, Na, K) can be used for passivating the deep‐level polymer dielectric defect states. In addition, the passivation mechanisms are analyzed. The RCl cations can passivate deep‐level defect states into shallow‐level acceptor defect states because the RCl dipole moment regulates the deep‐level defect state energy. The RCl anions can passivate deep‐level defect states into shallow‐level donor defect states by forming a stable covalent bond between carbon and lone‐pair electrons. This work supports the design of high‐electrical‐strength polymer dielectrics.
Oxide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: A Perspective on Composite Cathode Architecture
Authors: Ren Yaoyu , Danner Timo , Moy Alexandra , Finsterbusch Martin , Hamann Tanner , Dippell Jan , Fuchs Till , Müller Marius , Hoft Ricky , Weber André , Curtiss Larry A. , Zapol Peter , Klenk Matthew , Ngo Anh T. , Barai Pallab , Wood Brandon C. , Shi Rongpei , Wan Liwen F. , Heo Tae Wook , Engels Martin , Nanda Jagjit , Richter Felix H. , Latz Arnulf , Srinivasan Venkat , Janek Jürgen , Sakamoto Jeff , Wachsman Eric D. , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe garnet‐type phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) attracts significant attention as an oxide solid electrolyte to enable safe and robust solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with potentially high energy density. However, while significant progress has been made in demonstrating compatibility with Li metal, integrating LLZO into composite cathodes remains a challenge. The current perspective focuses on the critical issues that need to be addressed to achieve the ultimate goal of an all‐solid‐state LLZO‐based battery that delivers safety, durability, and pack‐level performance characteristics that are unobtainable with state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries. This perspective complements existing reviews of solid/solid interfaces with more emphasis on understanding numerous homo‐ and heteroionic interfaces in a pure oxide‐based SSB and the various phenomena that accompany the evolution of the chemical, electrochemical, structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of those interfaces during processing and operation. Finally, the insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO–cathode interfaces are used to guide efforts for the development of LLZO‐based SSBs.
Advances in Fine Structure Optimizations of Layered Transition‐Metal Oxide Cathodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xuanpeng , Xiao Zhitong , Han Kang , Zhang Xiao , Liu Ziang , Yang Chen , Meng Jiashen , Li Ming , Huang Meng , Wei Xiujuan , Mai Liqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted significant research interest in the context of driving the advancement of grid energy storage due to K's elemental abundance and high theoretical output voltage. The main challenge facing PIBs is to find suitable cathode materials with fast transport kinetics and stable framework structures to intercalate/de‐intercalate the large‐size K+. Among these candidates, transition‐metal layered oxides are have excellent potential and have been extensively exploited due to their stable skeleton structure, simple synthetic chemistry, and high working potential. Herein, the current research status and prospects of layered transition‐metal oxide cathodes are summarized, especially focussing on the fine structure optimization engineering and energy storage mechanism. In addition, a brief overview of the research on advanced characterization techniques for PIBs is introduced in detail. Finally, the main research directions and hot spots of new‐type transition‐metal layered oxide cathode are also predicted, in order to guide the future development of advanced PIBs.
Flexible, Stretchable, Water‐/Fire‐Proof Fiber‐Shaped Li‐CO2 Batteries with High Energy Density
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhou Jingwen , Wang Yunhao , Xiong Yuecheng , Zhang Junxiang , Qi Guicai , Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded to be a potential candidate to power accessories for wearable electronics due to their high theoretical energy density and carbon‐neutral capability. However, the difficulties of electrode preparation and architecture design make it challenging for current Li‐CO2 batteries to keep a suitable balance between electrochemical performance and multifunctionality, one‐dimensional configuration and so forth. Herein, a flexible, stretchable, water‐/fire‐proof fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery is constructed through an integrated electrode design strategy and a mechanical engineering‐inspired “spring”‐like device architecture. Impressively, the as‐prepared highly‐active Mo2N anchored N‐doped carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber hybrid bundle (CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N) cathode delivers a large full capacity of 5586.0 µAh cm−1, corresponding to a high energy density of 14 250 . Meanwhile, it also demonstrates a low charge potential of ≈3.7 V, excellent rate capabilities, and outstanding long‐term cycling stability of 525 cycles. Furthermore, the constructed “spring”‐like fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery device using CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N and a newly‐proposed gracile fibrous Li metal anode exhibits excellent adaptability to deformations including bending and stretching, as well as other favorable features like water‐/fire‐resistance. The successful demonstration of the proposed high‐performance and multifunctional Li‐CO2 batteries provide an effective model for designing future flexible energy storage devices beyond metal‐gas batteries for wearables in specific application scenarios.
A Critical Review on the Progress of Kesterite Solar Cells: Current Strategies and Insights
Authors: Wang Ao , He Mingrui , Green Martin A. , Sun Kaiwen , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) with earth‐abundant and environmental‐benign constituents has been regarded as a promising solar energy harvesting material for green and cost‐effective photovoltaic applications. The record efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has recently been refreshed twice after years‐long stagnation, keeping it in the spotlight. Nevertheless, the champion efficiency of 13.6% is still far behind its counterpart Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) (23.35%) despite being endowed with a similar electronic structure and nearly‐identical device architecture. In fact, CZTSSe solar cells are more susceptible to non‐radiative recombination at bulk and interfaces, which must be improved for further efficiency advancement. In this review, the state‐of‐art strategies to enhance the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells are summarized and discussed, with focus given to three critical device regions i) kesterite absorber, ii) buffer/kesterite interface, and iii) kesterite/back contact interface. With the further elucidation of the latest progress and disclosure of fundamental mechanisms, novel insights toward high‐efficiency kesterite solar cells are proposed.
Elemental models of primate nursing and weaning revisited
Authors: Smith Tanya M. , Arora Manish , Bharatiya Maya , Dirks Wendy , Austin Christine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesIntra‐tooth patterns of trace elements barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) have been used to infer human and nonhuman primate nursing histories, including australopithecine and Neanderthal juveniles. Here, we contrast the two elemental models in first molars (M1s) of four wild baboons and explore the assumptions that underlie each.Materials and MethodsLaser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was employed to create comprehensive calcium‐normalized barium and strontium (Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca) maps of M1 enamel and dentine at 35 micron resolution.ResultsPostnatal Ba/Ca values were typically high, peaking ~0.5 years of age and then decreasing throughout M1 crown formation; all four individuals showed minimal Ba/Ca values between ~1.2–1.8 years, consistent with field reports of the cessation of suckling. Enamel Sr/Ca did not support patterns of previous LA‐ICP‐MS spot sampling as the enamel rarely showed discrete Sr/Ca secretory zonation. Increases in Sr/Ca appeared in coronal dentine beginning ~0.3 years, with varied peak value ages (~0.7–2.7 years) and no evidence of a predicted postweaning decline.DiscussionInferences of baboon weaning ages from initial Ba/Ca minima are more congruent with behavioral observations than Sr/Ca maxima; this is consistent with studies of captive macaques of known weaning ages. Elemental variation is more apparent in the coronal dentine than the enamel of these baboons, which may relate to its more rapid mineralization and protection from the oral environment. Inferences of nursing histories from enamel Sr/Ca patterns alone should be reconsidered, and elevated values of Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca in teeth formed after weaning require further study.
Examination of runs of homozygosity in relation to height in an endogamous Namibian population
Authors: Swinford Natalie , Gallagher Brenna , Sheehama Jacob , Lin Meng , Prall Sean , Scelza Brooke , Henn Brenna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesHeight is a complex, highly heritable polygenic trait subject to both genetic composition and environmental influences. Recent studies suggest that a large proportion of height heritability is determined by the cumulative effect of many low allele frequency variants across the genome. Previous research has also identified an inverse relationship between height and runs of homozygosity (ROH); however, this has yet to be examined within African populations. We aim to identify this association within the Himba, an endogamous Namibian population who are recently bottlenecked, resulting in elevated haplotype sharing and increased homozygosity.Materials and MethodsHere, we calculate the fraction of the genome composed of long runs of homozygosity (FROH) in a sample of 245 adults and use mixed effects models to assess its effect on height.ResultsWe find that Himba adults exhibit increased homozygosity. However, in contrast to previous studies in other populations, we do not find a significant effect of FROH on height within the Himba. We further estimated heritability of height, noting both an enrichment of distant relatives and greater developmental homogeneity across households; we find that (SE ± 0.146), comparable to estimates reported in Europeans.DiscussionOur results may be due to other environmental variables we were not able to include, measurement error, or low statistical power, but may also imply that phenotypic expression resulting from increased homozygosity may vary from population to population.
Virtual Source of a Swallowtail Beam
Authors: Chen Hechong , Liang Zehong , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Yong , Shui Lingling , Deng Dongmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy applying a virtual source method, the exact and the paraxial solutions of the Swallowtail beams (SBs) that are governed by the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation are introduced. The paraxial SBs generated experimentally possess both self‐accelerating and self‐focusing features. The parameters controlling the field distributions are discussed in theory. From the spectral representation of the Swallowtail wave, in the appropriate limit, the first four terms of the nonparaxial correction series for the (1+2)‐dimensional Swallowtail waves that simplify to the SBs are obtained.