bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of lobe collapse in a child with cystic fibrosis with Mycobacterium abscessus using serial intrabronchial rhDNase
Authors: Xuereb John , Sammut Patrick , Vella Chiara , Balfour‐Lynn Ian M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn eight‐year‐old girl with cysticfibrosis (CF) developed a left upper lobe collapse failing to resolve withinitial conventional antibiotic treatment, mucolytics and intensifiedphysiotherapy. Mycobacterium abscessus was isolated from her sputum. Bronchoscopy revealed thick viscousmucus plugging of the left upper lobe bronchus with complete obliteration.Three bronchoscopies with saline lavage and Dornase alfa, a rhDNase, at the endof each procedure resulted in removal of this mucus plug and the re‐inflationof the affected lobe, with clinical and radiological resolution. The use of flexible bronchoscopy as a ‘secondary’ treatment with 0.9% saline lavage and instillation of rhDNase isdescribed sparsely in the literature. This is the first reported successfultherapeutic resolution of a lung collapse in a CF patient with Mycobacteriumabscessus, with sequential therapeutic bronchoscopies with instillation ofDornase alfa. This should be considered for lobar collapse in CF not respondingto the standard therapeutic regime.
Temperature dependence of isotopic fractionation in the CO2‐O2 isotope exchange reaction
Authors: Adnew Getachew Agmuas , Workman Evelyn , Janssen Christof , Röckmann Thomas 
Published: March 2022

RationaleOxygen isotope exchange between O2 and CO2 in the presence of heated platinum (Pt) is an established technique for determining the δ17O value of CO2. However, there is not yet a consensus on the associated fractionation factors at the steady state.MethodsWe determined experimentally the steady‐state α17 and α18 fractionation factors for Pt‐catalyzed CO2‐O2 oxygen isotope exchange at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1200°C. For comparison, the theoretical α18 equilibrium exchange values reported by Richet et al. (1997) have been updated using the direct sum method for CO2 and the corresponding α17 values were determined. Finally, we examined whether the steady‐state fractionation factors depend on the isotopic composition of the reactants, by using CO2 and O2 differing in δ18O value from −66 ‰ to +4 ‰.ResultsThe experimentally determined steady‐state fractionation factors α17 and α18 are lower than those obtained from the updated theoretical calculations (of CO2‐O2 isotope exchange under equilibrium conditions) by 0.0024 ± 0.0001 and 0.0048 ± 0.0002, respectively. The offset is not due to scale incompatibilities between isotope measurements of O2 and CO2 nor to the neglect of non‐Born‐Oppenheimer effects in the calculations. There is a crossover temperature at which enrichment in the minor isotopes switches from CO2 to O2. The direct sum evaluation yields a θ value of ~0.54, i.e. higher than the canonical range maximum for a mass‐dependent fractionation process.ConclusionsUpdated theoretical values of α18 for equilibrium isotope exchange are lower than those derived from previous work by Richet et al. (1997). The direct sum evaluation for CO2 yields θ values higher than the canonical range maximum for mass‐dependent fractionation processes. This demonstrates the need to include anharmonic effects in the calculation and definition of mass‐dependent fractionation processes for poly‐atomic molecules. The discrepancy between the theory and the experimental α17 and α18 values may be due to thermal diffusion associated with the temperature gradient in the reactor.
Investigating the Performance of Near‐Infrared Light Responsive Monometallic Gold and Bimetallic Gold‐Palladium Nanorattles towards Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Singh Prem , Jaiswal Amit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of different sizes and shapes of nanomaterials on its extinction spectrum is well studied and accordingly researchers have designed various nanostructures having absorbance in the near infrared (NIR) region for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) applications. However, the comparative study between the NIR active nanomaterials having different elemental composition for PPTT applications is not well explored. Herein, we investigate the photothermal activity of two different NIR active nanorattles viz. gold nanorattle (Au NRT) and bimetallic gold‐palladium nanorattle (Au−Pd NRT) having identical morphology but different elemental composition. The prepared nanorattles were PEGylated to render biocompatibility and identical surface functionalities. The aqueous solution of both the NRTs displayed a significant rise in temperature upon NIR irradiation which was not compromised on repeated exposure to light. The PPTT applicability of both the nanorattles were evaluated which suggested that the bimetallic Au−Pd NRT have better photothermal conversion efficiency of 35.4 % and better photothermal killing ability towards breast cancer cell line (SK‐BR‐3) compared to that of monometallic Au NRT having photothermal conversion efficiency of only 19.8 %. Thus, the present study indicates that NIR active nanostructures based on palladium acts as a better phototransducing agent than that of gold with similar morphology.
Hybrid Nano‐Structured Pd Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol and the Insights of Deactivation Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yanji , Zhou Jicheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA catalyst composed of La2O3/AC and Pd nanoparticles is constructed for precise synthesis of cyclohexanone from phenol hydrogenation with high conversion (>99 %) and selectivity (>95 %). The special structure and the synergistic effect remarkably facilitate the high conversion of phenol. The stability test results of the used Pd/@‐La2O3/AC catalyst showed that the phenol conversion decreased from 100 % to 24.5 %. The deactivation reason for the used catalyst was the agglomeration of Pd nanoparticles and the adsorption of organics. Three treatment methods, heat treatment, ethanol wash, and water wash, were regenerated the catalytic activity of the used Pd/@‐La2O3/AC catalyst. The regenerated method of water wash solved the problem of organic matter blockage and residue to a certain extent, but still can not fully recover its high activity. This deactivation mechanism provides important guidance to develop high stable Pd‐based catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of phenol.
Synthesis and Optimization of Diphenyl Ether‐Based Receptors for the Selective Detection of Cyanide Ions in Neutral Semi‐Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Chhibber Manmohan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe discharge of toxic cyanide ions in the environment and their uptake by life is inevitable due to industrialization. Therefore, its detection below the permissible limit is significant. Diphenyl ether‐based chromophores have been synthesized and optimized to highlight the proton abstraction mechanism for detecting anions. Absorption studies in the presence of different solvents (H2O, MeOH, ACN, DMSO, CHCl3 and semi‐aqueous ACN) and pH (10 to 4) confirmed the proton abstraction mechanism validated using 1H NMR titration, IR studies and DFT calculations. The effect of substituents on the diphenyl ether motifs highlighted the selectivity of anions under different solvent conditions. Finally, compound‐2 [2‐(2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐5‐nitrobenzoic acid] and compound‐2 c [3‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐nitrophenoxy) benzoic acid] in ACN medium detected F− (280 nM, 17 μM) AcO− (41 nM, 40 μM) and CN− (50 nM. 1.5 μM) ions in nM and μM range respectively. However, the semi‐aqueous medium (5 % water in ACN) gave selective detection of the CN− ion up to 100 nM for the compound‐2 in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The use of an aqueous medium in the case of compound‐2 c did not show detection for any of the ions.
Ortho‐Functionalization of Benzimidates and Benzamidines
Authors: Borah Gongutri , Dam Binoyargha , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, benzimidates and benzamidines have received tremendous importance as starting materials owing to their electronic properties and high reactivity. Their application as directing groups for constructing biologically active molecules has been a hot topic of discussion. Because of the presence of nucleophilic nitrogen in both these moieties, they can easily provide a co‐ordinating site to catalysts to form metallocyclic complexes which activate the inert Csp2−H bond thereby producing desired N‐heterocycles. In this review, we have summarized the developments in ortho‐functionalization of benzimidates and benzamidines using several coupling partners. Reaction mechanisms of protocols, their substrate versatility and limitations of those procedures along with their uses have also been addressed.
A Sensitive Colorimetric Determination of Metformin Based on Gold Nanoparticles Aggregation in Salt Solution
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yongyang , Li Lin , Shangguan Jingfang , Liu Yufei , Ni Tianjun , Wang Yaofeng , Kang Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research attempts to explore a simple and sensitive colorimetric method to detect metformin by using synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Spherical AuNPs were synthesized by reducing HAuCl4 with EDTA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta potential were used to observe AuNPs size and solution stability before and after the addition of metformin. AuNPs became unstable and aggregated after the addition of metformin, and the absorption peak changed from 520 to 654 nm after adding metformin. NaCl concentration is an important factor in AuNPs aggregation, as low as 70 nM metformin can induce the aggregation of AuNPs under 40 mM NaCl. The linear relationship of metformin detecting was gained in the range of 150 nM∼500 nM (R2=0.955). The application of this method to the detection of metformin in actual samples has been verified. Therefore, AuNPs is considered to be a potential multidrug detection tool based on AuNPs surface modifiers.
An Eco‐Friendly Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Oxide‐Based Hydrogel as a Methylene Blue Adsorbent
Authors: Goodarzi Reyhaneh , Ghanbari Hajar , Sarpoolaky Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, hydrogels have been introduced for wastewater treatments as eco‐friendly and efficient adsorbents. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based hydrogel reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) can be used for methylene blue (MB) removal from water. PVA/GO hydrogels (5 wt. % PVA and 0.5–2 wt. % GO) were prepared via the freeze‐thaw method, and the effect of GO weight percentage, freezing time, and cycle numbers were investigated. Regarding the results, the composite containing 1 wt. % GO, prepared by six‐hour freezing, and five cycles of freeze‐thawing, had the highest compressive strength (1.6±0.1 MPa) among the studied samples. Furthermore, by adding aloe vera to the PVA/GO composite containing 2 wt. % GO, the removal efficiency of MB was increased from 96 % to 99 % after 72 h, although the surface area was decreased from 31.6 m2 g−1 to 3.9 m2 g−1. Adsorption investigations were also highlighted PVA/GO and PVA/GO/aloe vera hydrogel composites follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models.
Novel Intrinsic Self‐Healing Poly‐Silicone‐Urea with Super‐Low Ice Adhesion Strength
Authors: Chen Jun , Luo Zhenyang , An Rong , Marklund Pär , Björling Marcus , Shi Yijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccumulation of snow and ice often causes problems and even dangerous situations for both industry and the general population. Passive de‐icing technologies, e.g., hydrophobic, liquid‐infused bionic surfaces, have attracted more and more attention compared with active de‐icing technologies, e.g., electric heating, hot air heating, due to the passive de‐icing technology's lower energy consumption and sustainability footprint. Using passive de‐icing coatings seems to be one of the most promising solutions. However, the previously reported de‐icing coatings suffer from high ice adhesion strength or short service life caused by wear. An intrinsic self‐healing material based on poly‐silicone‐urea is developed in this work to address these problems. The material is prepared by introducing dynamic disulfide bonds into the hard phase of the polymer. Experimental results indicate that this poly‐silicone‐urea has a self‐healing efficiency of close to 99%. More interestingly, it is found that the coating prepared from this poly‐silicone‐urea has a super low ice adhesion force, only 7 ± 1 kPa, which is almost the lowest value compared with previous intrinsic self‐healing de‐/anti‐icing reports. This material can maintain low ice adhesion strength after healing. This intrinsic self‐healing poly‐silicone‐urea can meet several practical applications, opening the door for future sustainable anti‐/de‐icing technologies.
Effective action, spectrum and first law of wedge holography
Authors: Hu Peng-Ju , Miao Rong-Xin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the effective action, the mass spectrum and the first law of entanglement entropy for a novel doubly holographic model called wedge holography. We work out the effective action of quantum gravity on the branes. In the perturbative formulation, it is given by an infinite sum of Pauli-Fierz actions. In the non-perturbative formulation, the effective action is composed of a higher derivative gravity and a matter action. Usually, a higher derivative gravity can be renormalizable but suffers the ghost problem. For our case, since the effective theory on the brane is equivalent to Einstein gravity in the bulk, it must be ghost-free. We notice that the matter action plays an important role in eliminating the ghost. We also provide evidences that the higher derivative gravity on the brane is equivalent to a ghost-free multi-gravity. Besides, we prove that the effective action yields the correct Weyl anomaly. Interestingly, although the effective action on the brane is an infinite tower of higher derivative gravity, the holographic Weyl anomaly is exactly the same as that of Einstein gravity. We also analyze the mass spectrum of wedge holography. Remarkably, there is always a massless mode of gravitons on the end-of-the-world branes in wedge holography. This happens because one imposes Neumann boundary condition on both branes. On the other hand, the massless mode disappears if one imposes Dirichlet boundary condition on one of the branes as in brane world theory and AdS/BCFT. Finally, we verify the first law of entanglement entropy for wedge holography. Interestingly, the massive fluctuations are irrelevant to the first order perturbation of the holographic entanglement entropy. Thus, in many aspects, the effective theory on the brane behaves like massless Einstein gravity.
Numerical modeling of forming air impact thermoforming
Authors: Wagner Simon , Kayatz Fabian , Münsch Manuel , Sanjon Cedric W. , Hauptmann Marek , Delgado Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThermoforming is a complex process with numerous parameters that potentially have an influence on the wall thickness distribution of the end product. Test benches do not allow for measuring all potentially relevant influences. Numerical simulations therefore have proven to be a useful tool in order to obtain deeper insight into the process and the mutual interactions between the input parameters. Forming air impact thermoforming can be thought of as an extension to common negative thermoforming that takes advantage of the flow inside the pressure chamber to obtain a favorable deformation behavior, ultimately leading to an improved final wall thickness distribution. The purposeful interaction between flow field and plastic sheet implies a significantly more complex physical system when approaching the process with modeling techniques. This paper describes the setup of a structural simulation model for thermoforming, that in an approximative manner includes effects of the flow field within the pressure box on the deforming plastic sheet. Special focus is laid on the implementation of counter-pressure due to the air trapped between sheet and mold. Validation simulations presented yield satisfactory results and thus show the high potential of simulations in modeling the complex interactions occurring in forming air impact thermoforming.
Proportion and related factors of depression and anxiety for inpatients with lung cancer in China: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Ma Xuejiao , Yang Mo , Wang Yan , Xie Yi , Hou Wei , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer was often accompanied by depression and anxiety. Nowadays, most investigations for depression and anxiety were concentrated in western medical hospitals, while few related studies have been carried out in the tradition Chinese medicine (TCM) ward. It was necessary to understand the proportion and related factors of depression and anxiety in the inpatients with lung cancer in TCM hospital.

Methods
This study adopted cross-sectional research method, which enrolled a total of 222 inpatients with lung cancer in TCM hospital. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were used to assess depression and anxiety for the inpatients, respectively. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Statistical methods of the univariate analysis and the multivariate logistic regression model were used.

Results
The proportion of depression and anxiety in the inpatients with lung cancer were 58.1% and 34.2%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis prompted that the common related factor of depression and anxiety was the symptom of insomnia(odds ratio [OR] 3.274, 95%CI 1.723–6.219; OR 2.201, 95%CI 1.132–4.277). Constipation and gender were the two anther-related factors of depression(OR 1.458, 95%CI 0.372–1.606; OR 1.298, 95%CI 0.151–1.588).

Conclusion
Depression and anxiety were common for the inpatients with lung cancer in TCM hospital. Gender, insomnia, and constipation were related factors for depression, and insomnia was related factor for anxiety. Therefore, medical workers should pay close attention to the emotional changes of these high-risk patients and intervene the symptoms as early as possible.
The standards of practice for delivery of polypharmacy and chronic disease medication reviews by general practice clinical pharmacists: a consensus study
Authors: Earle-Payne Katie , Forsyth Paul , Johnson Chris F. , Harrison Heather , Robertson Susan , Weidmann Anita E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground General practice in the UK is experiencing a crisis. Greater multidisciplinary working is a potential solution. The new general practice contract in Scotland encourages this and includes a new pharmacotherapy service to be delivered by General Practice Clinical Pharmacists (GPCPs). Consensus is lacking for the standards of practice for delivery of pharmacotherapy medication reviews (which are polypharmacy and chronic medication reviews) as part of this service. Aim To identify and validate standards of practice for polypharmacy and chronic disease medication (pharmacotherapy level 3) reviews conducted by GPCPs. Method A two-phased mixed-methods consensus methodology was used. Phase 1: An expert group of GPCPs (n = 4) and clinical pharmacist managers (n = 2) responsible for delivering the pharmacotherapy service used a Modified Nominal Group Technique to generate potential standards. Phase 2: Two-round Delphi survey involving GPCPs with ≥ 1 year of experience of working in general practice (n = 159). Results The expert group identified 44 potential standards of practice for polypharmacy and chronic disease reviews. Practicing GPCPs indicated during the Delphi phase that the 44 standards were applicable to practice. The standards of practice covered seven main categories: skills, environment, qualifications, qualities and behaviours, knowledge, process and experience. Conclusion Practicing GPCPs indicated that the standards identified by the expert group are acceptable and valid for current practice and the delivery of polypharmacy and chronic medication reviews. The application of these standards to practice may help GPCPs and general practices to ensure equitable delivery of patient care.
Kinderschutz zwischen Jugendhilfe und Medizin
Authors: Bohrer Anne-Kathrin , Lasch Katja , Haase Judith , Kindler Heinz , Schnorr Vanessa , Schrapper Christian , Witte Susanne 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in das auf einer vielfältigen Datenbasis aufbauende Forschungsprojekt „Kinderschutzkarrieren“. Ziele der Studie waren die Rekonstruktion der Organisation von Kinderschutzarbeit in einer westdeutschen Großstadt an der Schnittstelle einer medizinischen Spezialeinrichtung zur Diagnostik und dem örtlichen Jugendamt. Untersucht wurden über 4000 Falldokumentationen aus 35 Jahren Kinderschutzarbeit, die Kooperationen von Medizin und Jugendamt in ausgewählten Fallverläufen, die Konstruktion des Kinderschutzkindes in den Diagnoseprozessen sowie die rückblickende Bewertung solcher Schutzmaßnahmen durch ehemalige „Kinderschutzkinder“.
Motherhood Experiences of Visually Impaired and Normally Sighted Women
Authors: Hankó Csilla , Pohárnok Melinda , Lénárd Katalin , Bíró Boglárka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study explores the characteristics of visually impaired mothers’ personal identities as reflected in their individual representations of motherhood taking account of the impact of the specific social context on these representations. The sample included 20 visually impaired (VI) and 21 normally sighted (NS) mothers. In line with the narrative psychological approach to motherhood, each participant gave a narrative account of her related experiences in a semi-structured interview. The transcribed responses were subjected to a thematic analysis aimed at comparing the narratives of visually impaired and normally sighted mothers’ for thematic composition in order to identify shared and impairment specific themes of motherhood experiences. The motherhood experiences were sorted into eight thematic categories: Emotions; Continuity; Personal Development; Connectedness; Challenges; Partner; Roles and Principles; and Calling/Career. While in some categories VI and NS mothers showed similar patterns of experience, such as finding a new purpose in life and developing a new role in the family with the advent of pregnancy (Personal Development), in other categories motherhood experiences were thematized differently, such as VI mothers focused on challenges posed by day-to-day situations, NS mothers were rather concerned with their children’s future (Challenges). The study presents the shared and non-shared aspects of disabled and non-disabled women’s motherhood experiences with the primary aim of demonstrating the potential impact of the prevailing sociocultural norms, and attitudes considering visually impaired mothers on their motherhood experiences.