bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C102. Transjugular venous access for permanent pacemaker as an approach when there was no other choice : A Case Report
Authors: Fathoni E , Rizal A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
When conventional veins are inaccessible, the transjugular Seldinger technique for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation could be used as the last resort.

Case Description
An 80-years-old woman had wound skin extrusion and infection at the site of left deltopectoral pocket of permanent pacemaker. After removing the PPM lead generator and debriding the wound, a single chamber PPM was implanted in right hemithorax after temporary pacemaker backup. There was no access in the left area and proximal vein stenosis was found following an early attempt to reach the right subclavian vein and cut-down surgical procedure. Other stenosis were also found at the upper right veins by venography. A single chamber PPM was implanted utilizing the Seldinger technique to puncture the internal jugular vein without surgical cut-down and dissection for tunneling the lead from right jugular area to deltopectoral pocket. Lead test came out acceptable: R wave of 12 mV, Slew &gt;4 V/s current &gt;25 mA, impedance 688 Ω and threshold of 0.87V. There were no pneumothorax and other complications followed.

Discussion
Venous occlusion could be found in patients undergoing pacemaker insertion. For some cases, the internal jugular vein works as an alternative access for PPM insertion without surgical cut down. Percutaneous access to the internal jugular vein is safer, and the risk of lead fractures is reduced.
Thoracic mediastinal-occupying ratio predicts recovery and prognosis after lung transplantation
Authors: Yoshiyasu Nobuyuki , Sato Masaaki , Yasui Takeshi , Takami Maki , Kawahara Takuya , Konoeda Chihiro , Nakajima Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Even after transplantation of favourable donor lungs, some recipients require prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation, indicating a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) for &gt;14 days on the recovery and survival of patients who underwent cadaveric lung transplantation in relation to their physical traits.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cadaveric lung transplantation (age ≥15 years) at a single centre between April 2015 and December 2020 and classified them into PMV and non-PMV groups (&gt;14 and ≤14 days of mechanical ventilation postoperatively, respectively). The factors predicting PMV comprised clinical factors (e.g. marginal donor) and physical features, namely flat chest, narrow fourth intercostal space (length, &lt;5 mm), mediastinal shift, thoracic mediastinal-occupying ratio (TMOR) &gt;40% and sarcopenia, according to the logistic regression analysis. The log-rank test was used to examine the association between TMOR &gt;40% and 3-year prognosis.

RESULTS
The PMV group comprised 17 (33%) of 51 recipients. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that the TMOR &gt;40% (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–40.1; P = 0.023) was an independent preoperative predictive factor for PMV postoperatively. Stepwise analysis revealed intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and reoperation as postoperative predictive factors in addition to TMOR &gt;40%. Recipients with TMOR &gt;40% had significantly worse 3-year survival than other recipients (71.2% vs 100.0%, respectively; P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Recipients with a TMOR &gt;40% may be long-term ventilator dependent and have a poor prognosis.
An exploration of hospital pharmacists’ engagement with sustainability policy in the NHS England
Authors: Singleton Judith A , Lau Esther T , Nissen Lisa M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
NHS England has set itself a target of net zero emissions by 2050. Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, this study aimed to explore engagement with NHS policy on carbon reduction (including awareness of the Sustainable Development Unit [SDU] and the Coalition for Sustainable Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices [CSPM]) in NHS hospital pharmacists in England.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 pharmacists working in six NHS England hospitals across all hierarchical levels. Four interview questions elicited Yes/No responses and one generated qualitative data which were analysed by two methods – Leximancer and manual coding.

Key Findings
Only five (5/23; 21.74%) had heard of the SDU and none knew its purpose. Those who did not wish to learn more about the SDU could not see its relevance to their clinical practice. Barriers identified to the inclusion of sustainability considerations in clinical decision-making were lack of knowledge of the environmental risk profiles for treatment options, lack of quality environmental evidence incorporated into clinical guidelines and lack of time to research for themselves. Many participants did not believe that environmental considerations were part of their job.

Conclusions
For NHS England to successfully deliver on its target of net zero emissions by 2050, immediate action is required from all hospital staff, clinicians included. The challenge for the NHS will be engaging pharmacists and other clinicians with sustainable clinical practice and working with clinicians to reduce identified barriers. As these data were collected in 2016, further research is warranted to determine if pharmacists’ attitudes towards sustainable practice are changing.
Temporal instability of curved viscous fibers with a radial electric field
Authors: Alsharif Abdullah M , Părău Emilian I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One-dimensional equations are derived for a rotating viscous slender liquid jet in a radial electric field using asymptotic methods. The trajectory of the curved Newtonian liquid jets is found by solving the nonlinear one-dimensional equations. The temporal instability of the steady solutions is analysed. It was found that the electric force enhances the growth rate and increases its corresponding maximum wavenumber.
Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance From the Transcriptome Data of Field Evolved Spinosad Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Agrawal Aditi , Ramasamy Gandhi Gracy , Pathak Jyoti , Nayyar Nishtha , Muthugounder Mohan , Maria Pratheepa , Rai Anil , Thiruvengadam Venkatesan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a serious pest of cruciferous vegetables and causes substantial economic loss all over the world. This study was undertaken to decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in the field evolved insecticide resistance in P. xylostella upon exposure to spinosad. To do so, spinosad-resistant and susceptible larval populations were subjected to transcriptome analysis using Illumina paired-end sequencing. De novo assembly was generated from raw reads of both the samples which resulted in the identification of 41,205 unigenes. Functional annotation and digital gene expression analysis were carried out to determine the differentially expressed genes. 1,348 unigenes were found to have a significant differential expression in the resistant population. Several genes involved in insecticide resistance like CYP P450, GSTs, small heat shock protein, and UDP glycosyltransferase were found to be up-regulated while genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism and cuticular processes were down-regulated. Further, gene mining and phylogenetic analysis of two important gene families namely, CYP and GSTs were performed and the results revealed that these genes could play a major role in the development of field evolved spinosad resistance in P. xylostella by gene duplication and differential gene expression.
A pilot study examining the efficacy of hochuekkito for improving quality of life in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Edahiro Yoko , Koike Michiaki , Nojiri Shuko , Harada Yoshinao , Gotoh Akihiko , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Nishizaki Yuji , Yanagisawa Naotake , Takaku Tomoiku , Nitta Hideaki , Tsukune Yutaka , Misawa Kyohei , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Komatsu Norio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms is relatively favorable, but the quality of life can be severely affected by myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms such as fatigue, pruritus, night sweats, bone pain, fever and weight loss. In this study, we administered hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, to patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and investigated whether there was a reduction in myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms.

Methods
We conducted a randomized parallel-group pilot study. Patients were assigned to a hochuekkito administration or non-hochuekkito administration group. Myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms based on Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 were examined before hochuekkito administration and 4 and 8 weeks after administration.

Results
Among the 42 patients included in the analysis, 21 were assigned to the hochuekkito group and 21 were assigned to the control group. After administering hochuekkito, the median values of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score at 4 and 8 weeks in the hochuekkito group demonstrated a decreasing trend; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant.

Conclusions
In this study, we were unable to demonstrate significant differences between the hochuekkito and control groups in terms of the efficacy of hochuekkito in treating myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms. However, there were cases that presented prominent improvement in symptoms in the hochuekkito group. The only reported adverse event was grade 1 impaired hepatic function. Therefore, hochuekkito might be a therapeutic option for patients with severely affected quality of life due to myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms.
Rotator cuff tear with scapular dyskinesis treated with a pectoralis major transfer and rotator cuff repair: a case report
Authors: Figueras Jorge H , Sabbagh Ramsey S , Thomson Cameron G , Shah Nihar S , Kuechly Henry A , Mennenga Ashley , Grawe Brian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report a 45-year-old man who presented with a rotator cuff tear and scapular dyskinesis of his left shoulder and underwent a pectoralis major split transfer with an allograft to the inferior border of his scapula. The patient reported significant improvement in shoulder function and decreased severity of his scapular dyskinesis. Combined arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and allograft scapula stabilization is a novel technique for the unusual clinical presentation reported in this case report. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported surgical management of a patient with rotator cuff repair and non-palsy-related scapular dyskinesis.
Effectiveness of combination tocilizumab and glucocorticoids as an induction therapy in patients with Takayasu arteritis: An observational study
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Suzuki Eiji , Matsumoto Haruki , Yokose Kohei , Fujita Yuya , Temmoku Jumpei , Matsuoka Naoki , Yashiro-Furuya Makiko , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Watanabe Hiroshi , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis (TA) was demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of combining TCZ with glucocorticoids (GC) as induction therapy in patients with TA.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study including 32 patients with newly diagnosed TA. Clinical effectiveness of TCZ in maintaining relapse-free remission and GC-tapering were compared between patients who were treated with TCZ plus GC and those who were treated with GC with or without immunosuppressants.ResultsThe study comprised 32 patients (27 women/5 men) with a median age of 25.5 years (range, 13–72). In the TCZ group (n = 14), patients received TCZ in combination with GC as an induction therapy. In the non-TCZ group (n = 18), patients were treated with single-agent GC or GC plus immunosuppressant. In the matched analysis, relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the TCZ group as compared to the non-TCZ group during GC taper.ConclusionTCZ, in combination with GC, would be an effective alternative induction regimen for patients with TA.
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Effect of Longer Dosing Intervals of Denosumab on Tumor Control and Bone-related Complications
Authors: Jiang Cindy Y , Zhao Lili , Schuetze Scott M , Chugh Rashmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Denosumab is an effective treatment for giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) but can cause clinically significant adverse effects. Current approved dosing is every 4 weeks after 3 weekly loading doses. We assessed whether alternative, longer dosing intervals are associated with differences in efficacy or bone toxicity.

Methods
Single institution retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with GCTB over 18 years old who received at least 1 year of standard denosumab dosing. Patients identified using a free-text search engine with keywords “giant cell tumor” and “denosumab” from January 1998 to August 2020.

Results
Approximately 37 patients with GCTB (19F, 18M) were identified with median age of 37 years (range 22-73). Dosing interval was increased in 38% (n = 14), with the most common final dosing interval 12 weeks (n = 8). Six patients (16%) had bone complications: osteonecrosis of the jaw (n =5), atypical fracture (n = 1), and nonhealing dental wounds (n = 2). All patients with bone complications were on the monthly dosing schedule, but there was no statistically significant difference compared to longer dosing intervals (P = .22). No statistically significant difference in median PFS was noted (P = .97). However, 5-year PFS was superior in patients treated with less frequent versus standard dosing of denosumab (P = .036).

Conclusions
Increasing the interval of denosumab dosing for GCTB provided similar tumor control compared to standard dosing and lower absolute number of bone toxicity events. Larger studies are needed to better define the optimal interval of denosumab administration and the effect on efficacy, toxicity, and associated healthcare expense.
Hippocampal Subfield Volumes Predict Disengagement from Maintenance Treatment in First Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Qi Wei , Marx Julia , Zingman Michael , Li Yi , Petkova Eva , Blessing Esther , Ardekani Babak , Sakalli Kani Ayse , Cather Corinne , Freudenreich Oliver , Holt Daphne , Zhao Jingping , Wang Jijun , Goff Donald C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Disengagement from treatment is common in first episode schizophrenia (FES) and is associated with poor outcomes. Our aim was to determine whether hippocampal subfield volumes predict disengagement during maintenance treatment of FES.

Methods
FES patients were recruited from sites in Boston, New York, Shanghai, and Changsha. After stabilization on antipsychotic medication, participants were randomized to add-on citalopram or placebo and followed for 12 months. Demographic, clinical and cognitive factors at baseline were compared between completers and disengagers in addition to volumes of hippocampal subfields.

Results
Baseline data were available for 95 randomized participants. Disengagers (n = 38, 40%) differed from completers (n = 57, 60%) by race (more likely Black; less likely Asian) and in more alcohol use, parkinsonism, negative symptoms and more impairment in visual learning and working memory. Bilateral dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, CA2/3 and whole hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in disengagers compared to completers. When all the eight volumes were entered into the model simultaneously, only left DG volume significantly predicted disengagement status and remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, intracranial volume, antipsychotic dose, duration of untreated psychosis, citalopram status, alcohol status, and smoking status (P &lt; .01). Left DG volume predicted disengagement with 57% sensitivity and 83% specificity.

Conclusions
Smaller left DG was significantly associated with disengagement status over 12 months of maintenance treatment in patients with FES participating in a randomized clinical trial. If replicated, these findings may provide a biomarker to identify patients at risk for disengagement and a potential target for interventions.
Ritualizing Nonreligion: Cultivating Rational Rituals in Secular Spaces
Authors: Frost Jacqui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the religious landscape in the United States continues to change, and as more Americans leave organized religion, scholars have raised important questions about the role of ritual in secular spaces and whether or not religious decline will result in a decline in meaningful ritual practices. As ritual is often conflated with religion, it is often also assumed that nonreligious people are uninterested in rituals because they are committed to science, rationality, and materialism. And many believe this means that the nonreligious live “disenchanted” lives with no means for experiencing greater meaning, transcendence, or spirituality. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of ritual creation at a secular congregation called the Sunday Assembly, I disrupt these presumed dichotomies between rationality/ritual and science/spirituality. I show how atheists and agnostics at the Sunday Assembly are secularizing religious rituals, as well as creating new secular rituals, by relying on the scientific method and a trial-and-error approach to ritual creation. In doing so, they are producing experiences of transcendence, collective effervescence, and “secular spirituality.” And I show how these “rational rituals” are often seen by nonreligious people as being more meaningful than religious rituals because of the work that goes into their creation. I argue that the Sunday Assembly is an illustrative case for shedding new light on the ritual creation process, and my findings contribute to discussions about how nonreligious people negotiate what many assume are conflicting discourses of science and religion as they create meaningful secular rituals.
Impairments in glycemic control during Eastbound transatlantic travel in healthy adults
Authors: Blankenship Jennifer M , Vetter Céline , Broussard Josiane L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesRepeated bouts of circadian misalignment impair glucose tolerance. However, whether circadian misalignment associated with travel and jet lag impair glucose homeostasis in a free-living population is not known. The goal of the present study was to examine glycemic control during one week of Eastbound transatlantic travel in healthy men and women.MethodsSeven healthy participants (5 women; age: 35.6 ± 2.5 years, BMI: 23.9 ± 2.4 m/kg2) traveled from Colorado, USA (GMT-7) to Europe (GMT and GMT+1) and wore a continuous glucose monitor (Freestyle Libre Pro) for 8–14 days before, during, and after travel. Indices of glycemic control were summarized over 24-hour periods and by day and night.ResultsMean glucose, peak glucose, and time spent in hyperglycemia increased linearly throughout the travel period relative to baseline levels. Mean glucose concentrations rose 1.03 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.34, 1.74) and duration of hyperglycemia increased by 17 min (95% CI: 5.5, 28.6) each 24-hour period. Increases in 24-hour glucose were primarily driven by increases in daytime parameters with rising mean glucose (0.72 mg/dL per day, [95% CI: −0.1, 1.5]) and duration of hyperglycemia (13.2 min per day [95% CI: 4.3, 22.1]). Mean glucose, but not peak glucose or time spent in hyperglycemia, increased each night (0.7 mg/dL per night [95% CI: 0.2, 1.2]).ConclusionsEastbound transatlantic travel induced a progressive worsening of glucose metrics during 24-hour, day, and night periods. Future research on managing glycemic control during jet lag in people with metabolic disorders is warranted.Clinical Trial RegistrationNone
Wnt Signaling in the Adult Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche
Authors: Arredondo Sebastian B , Valenzuela-Bezanilla Daniela , Santibanez Sebastian H , Varela-Nallar Lorena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a neurogenic niche of the adult brain that contains neural stem cells (NSCs) able to generate excitatory glutamatergic granule neurons, which integrate into the DG circuit and contribute to hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory. Thus, endogenous NSCs could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In this context, it is critical to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling the generation and functional integration of adult-born neurons. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is tightly controlled by both cell-autonomous mechanisms and the interaction with the complex niche microenvironment, which harbors the NSCs and provides the signals to support their maintenance, activation, and differentiation. Among niche-derived factors, Wnt ligands play diverse roles. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors to trigger the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of Wnts in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We discuss the possible contribution of the different niche cells to the regulation of local Wnt signaling activity, and how Wnts derived from different cell types could induce differential effects. Finally, we discuss how the effects of Wnt signaling on hippocampal network activity might contribute to neurogenesis regulation. Although the evidence supports relevant roles for Wnt signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, defining the cellular source and the mechanisms controlling secretion and diffusion of Wnts will be crucial to further understand Wnt signaling regulation of adult NSCs, and eventually, to propose this pathway as a therapeutic target to promote neurogenesis.
RNA Viral Communities Are Structured by Host Plant Phylogeny in Oak and Conifer Leaves
Authors: ter Horst Anneliek M. , Fudyma Jane D. , Bak Aurélie , Hwang Min Sook , Santos-Medellín Christian , Stevens Kristian A. , Rizzo David M. , Al Rwahnih Maher , Emerson Joanne B. 
Published: April 2022

Wild plants can suffer devastating diseases, experience asymptomatic persistent infections, and serve as reservoirs for viruses of agricultural crops; however, we have a limited understanding of the natural plant virosphere. To access representatives of locally and globally distinct wild plants and investigate their viral diversity, we extracted and sequenced double-stranded RNA from leaves from 16 healthy oak and conifer trees in the University of California–Davis Arboretum (Davis, CA, U.S.A.). From de novo assemblies, we recovered 389 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences from 384 putative viral species, and identified 580 putative viral contigs via virus prediction software followed by manual confirmation of virus annotation. Based on similarity to known viruses, most recovered viruses were predicted to infect plants or fungi, with the highest diversity and abundance observed in the Totiviridae and Mitoviridae families. Phyllosphere viral community composition differed significantly by host plant phylogeny, suggesting the potential for host-specific viromes. The phyllosphere viral community of one oak tree differed substantially from other oak viral communities and contained a greater proportion of putative mycoviral sequences, potentially due to the tree's more advanced senescence at the time of sampling. These results suggest that oak and conifer trees harbor a vast diversity of viruses with as-yet-unknown roles in plant health and phyllosphere microbial ecology. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .