bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Pandemls and Orange Tortrix Control Programs, 1980
Authors: Pickel C. , Riedl H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for control of pandemis and orange tortrix near Watsonville, CA on mature Newton pippins and Red delicious trees. Plots were replicatea three times and were three acre blocks. Sprays were applied with an airblast sprayer at 100 gal/acre. Two applications were completed, the first on Mar 10 during bloom and the second on Jul 5, timed for pandemis hatch by pheromone trap catches. Evaluations were made after bloom (Apr 10), mid-season (Jul 28) and harvest (Sep 19). Sample sizes were 100 fruit clusters, 500 fruit, and 250 fruit per replicate, respectively. Live worms were counted on Mar 10 since damage was difficult to assess at that time. On Oct 30, 10 fruit spurs/rep were inspected for European red mite eggs.
Pear, Insect and Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Hanson L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were conducted in a 15-year old block at the U. C. Deciduous Fruit Field Station in San Jose, CA, to determine seasonal Impact of spray programs with Pydrin and SD 57706 on major pear pests. Four treatments (and a check) each consisting of three 6-tree (2x3) replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Sprays were applied until run-off with a hand gun sprayer at 300 psi. Leaves (120/trearmenr) were collected twice during the season and brushed to determine numbers of psylla immatures and phytophagous mites. Fruit (300/ treatment) was examined in July and at harvest for codling moth damage.
Peach, Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Bode William M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 15-year-old trees with a handgun operated at 400 psi pressure. Treatments were replicated 5 times as single tree plots in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were applied on April 17 (pink bud). May 2 (petal fall), May 22, June 6, and June 26, except Larvin 500 which was not available for application on April 17 and May 2, and Systox which was replaced by Imidan 50WP on June 26. On each tree 4 branches were marked for sampling. Aphid populations were expressed as the average number of colonies per 4 branches. Shoots infested by oriental fruit moth larvae were counted on the same 4 branches of each tree. For determinations of fruit damage, 50 peaches were examined on each tree.
Effects of Insecticides on the Green Peach Aphid, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were located at the Columbia View and Smith Tract orchards of the WSU Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. Plots were arranged in a completely random design with 4 single tree replicates per plot. Plots were sprayed to the point of drip with a hand gun sprayer at 400-500 psi. Three twigs, 5 to 7 inches in length, were selected from each tree and examined under the microscope in the laboratory. The number of aphids on each twig were counted and recorded.
Control of Strawberry Root Weevil on Strawberry, 1980
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chase David L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were single rows 50 ft long and 3.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil was a sandy loam. The plants were topped after harvest. Treatments for irrigated plots were applied with a power sprayer in 43 gal of water/acre concentrated in 12-inch bands over the rows and they received ca. I Inch of water by sprinkler irrigation immediately after treatment. Non-irrigated plots were treated the same way except the chemicals were applied 2-3 days after the field was irrigated. The treatments were evaluated Apr 2 by digging 4 plants from each plot and counting the weevil larvae present in the soil.
Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange Co., 1980
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvine, California. Treatments were applied on May 6 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1350 gal per acre; four two-tree replicates per treatment. At one end of this plot four materials were applied with low volume equipment at 100 gal per acre; four four-tree replicates per treatment. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each replicate, and the percent buds infested was calculated. Pretreatment infestation levels averaged close to 40% in each treatment.
Citrus Red Mite Control in Riverside, 1980
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A number of acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus red mite in a lemon grove in Riverside, California. Treatments were applied on Apr 23-24 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1200 gal per acre, or 10-15 gal per tree. There were four single-tree replicates per treatment. Adult female mites were counted on 32 leaves per tree (8 terminals).
Citrus Rust Mite Control in San Diego Co., 1980
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. , Jones V. P. , Friese D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus rust mite in a lemon grove between Oceanside and Vista, California. Treatments were applied on Aug 13 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1200 gal per acre. There were four single-tree replicates per treatment. Mites were counted with a 14X hand lens or 12X hand lens with grid; four subsamples of 1 cm2 each were counted on each fruit, and 10 fruit were counted on each tree.
Citrus Rust Mite Control in San Diego Co., 1979
Authors: Brown R. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A number of acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus rust mite in a Valencia orange grove near Bonsall, California. Treatments were applied on Aug 16-17 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre, or 15-20 gal per tree. There were three one-tree replicates per treatment. Mite infestation levels were measured by counting mites with a 14X hand lens or 12X hand lens with grid: four subsamples of 1 cm2 each per fruit, 10 fruit per replicate. There was damage to fruit on the water controls, but not on any of the treatments.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Selhime A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Candidate acarlcides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite as dilute full coverage sprays to 4-year-old nonbearing navel orange trees. Materials were applied with a truck-mounted hydraulic pump and handgun with 31.6 kg/cm2 at the pump. Each treatment was applied to 4 tree plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Leaf samples (20 Ivs/rep) were collected periodically, and live adult rust mites were counted and recorded from four I0X binocular microscope fields/leaf (2 fields upper and 2 fields lower leaf surface). Vendex 50 WP was used as a standard acaricide, and an untreated control series was included in each test.
European Corn Borer Control in Snap Bean, Ground Trial, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted Jun 10 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 2-row, 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Corn borer egg masses in the ‘black-head’ stage were pinned to the plants Jul 25 at a rate of 22 egg masses/row. Applications of insecticides were made Jul 25 and Aug 1 with a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at ca 40 psi. Evaluation of plots was done Aug 28-29 by checking all plants from 50 row-ft of each plot for corn borer Injury to pods and vines.
Insecticides As Seed Treatments for Control of Seed Maggots on Vegetables, 1980
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study 100 seeds per crop per treatment were treated and planted Jun 30. Plot size was 10’ x 20’, using 4 rows per plot, 1 row for each variety tested, in a randomized block design of 3 replications. A screen cone adult fly trap was used to monitor and time planting date for the appearance of second generation adults which peaked at planting date. Plots were baited after planting with 100 lbs/plot of Corenco blood and bone meal (an oviposirional bait), banded over the top of rows in a 7-10” band. Thirty seeds of each variety were hand planted after receiving treatment at day of planting by using hopper box, slurried or granular seed dressings. On Aug 4, plant stands were counted and degree of stand decrease determined. Averaged stand counts indicated in Table 1 include all “bald” or “snake head” plants.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Snap Beans, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Eagle’ snap beans were seeded May 17 ’80 to a field of Sassafras sandy loam. Plots consisted of a single row of beans 25 ft long, buffered on each side by a guard row; distance between rows was 5 ft. Treatments were replicated 4 times In a randomized complete block design. Soil treatments were applied as a preplant drench with a sprinkler can; foliar treatments were applied May 27, Jun 4, 10, 14, and 19. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer, equipped with a drop nozzle on each side of the row and.one nozzle over the center, delivered 43 gal/A at 40 psi. Categories for the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) no damage; 2) slight damage, 10% defoliation; 3) heavy damage, 25-50% defoliation; 4) severe damage, 75% defoliation; and 5) defoliated. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal. Yield data were taken on Aug 11.
Bean Insect Control, Postemergence Systemic Application, 1980
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two field studies were established near Twin Falls, Idaho. At each location three systemic insecticides and a check were replicated three times in 0.6 acre plots. The beans were planted Jun 12-15 and sidedressed Jul 10. The chemicals were applied in a narrow band 4” to the water side of the bean row and 3-4” deep. Soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Arthropods were sampled weekly by taking 300 sweeps per plot or brushing 20 trifoliates per plot. Twenty blooms per plot were shaken over paper to count thrips. Alate pea aphids were counted because of their potential role as vectors of mosaic virus as they leave cut alfalfa fields. Beneficial insects were also counted in the sweep samples. Nabis sp., Orius sp., and Geocoris sp. were the major species encountered.
Seed Maggot Control, 1980
Authors: Webb D. R. , Robbins P. S. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single rows, 15 ft long, on 36 in centers, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. They were planted In a Lima silt loam field on our vegetable entomology research farm near Geneva, NY. Cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds/row and distribute granules of insecticide. Both tests were planted Jul 7. After planting, a 2-4 in wide band of meat and bone meal was sprinkled by hand over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition in the vicinity of the seeds. Damage readings were taken Jul 16 on snap beans by counting the total number of emerged seedlings, recording all damaged individuals, and calculating an average percent damage. Efficacy data on sweet corn were taken Jul 15 by making an emergence count and then digging up 25 seedy’row, examining them for injury, and computing an average percent damage.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Luetchford C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An early trial was conducted to evaluate insecticides against the early season pest species (diamondback moth and imported cabbageworm) using lower rates than would be used when the cabbage looper becomes predominant. The early and late plots were transplanted Jun 23 and Jul 10, respectively, at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 35-in centers and 16-in plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 30 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. One-half tablespoon of sticker-spreader was added/gal. Treatment and evaluation dates, respectively, were: early trial, Jul 18 and 21; late trial, Sep 21 and 25. Treatments were evaluated by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned larvae. Infestation were considered light in the early trial and heavy in the later trial.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Direct Seeded Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was direct seeded using a Planet Jr. on April 23, 1980 at Fremont, Ohio. Two row plots 30 ft long planted on 30 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. In furrow liquid treatments were applied at planting in the open seed furrow with a hand held CO2 pressurized sprayer designed to apply 100 gal/acre through a 9505E nozzle at 40 psi. In furrow granular treatments were applied at planting with a Planet Jr. Post emergence directed sprays were applied on May 7, 1980 with the CO2 pressurized sprayer directing a spray of 100 gal/acre at the emerging cabbage. Soil type was a sandy loam, pH = 6.5, and organic matter = 3.1%. Treatments were evaluated on Jun 4, 1980 by digging 20 plants/plot and counting the number of cabbage maggots and tunnels/plant.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards, 1980
Authors: Linduska James J. , Bagley P. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Votes’ collards were direct seeded in 3 row plots 37.5 ft long on Jul 2 ’80. Plants were spaced 6-8 inches in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on Aug 21 and 26; Sep 4. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 was planted Apr 24, 1980, at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was an Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots and 5 replicates was used. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 8 times on Jun 19, 24, 26, 28, Jul 1, 3 and 5. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Jul 7 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Onion Maggot Control, 1980
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted May 2 in muck soil near Oswego, NY. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a rondomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All treatments were applied in the seed furrow with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 GPA through a gravity fed system. Dithane M-45 (80WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment at 2.4 lb ai/A for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken May 27. All foliar sprays timed for adult peaks were applied over the soil surface on May 27 in a 2-4 in band using a CO2-powered system mounted on a cone seeder delivering 100 GPA through a flat fan TeeJet nozzle (SS80O6). Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on Sep 3. Yield data were taken by pulling, topping, and weighing the onions in each 20 ft row.
Sweet Peppers, European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Hybelle’ bell peppers were transplanted Jun 3 ‘80 in Sassafras sandy loam in single rows, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with one drop nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 43 gal/acre at 40 psi. Granular materials were banded 2 in deep and 4 in out from plant on both sides of the row and lightly incorporated on Jun 10 and Jul 12. Foliar treatments were initiated Jul 15 on a 7-day schedule until Sep 18. Mixed red and green commercial peppers were sampled for corn borer infestations on Aug 4, 19 and Sep 9 and 30.
Lepidopterous Larvae and Vegetable Leafminer Control on Tomatoes, 1979
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Hayashi J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental tomato planting (VFN Bush) was directly seeded on Jul 1. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random design. The replicates were 4 rows wide (6-ft centers) by 25 ft long with a 5-ft buffer between replicates. Insecticides were applied weekly from Sep 11 through Nov 9 (9 applications). Insecticides were applied by a tractor mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row at an operating pressure of 100 psi and delivery rate of 114 gal/acre. The nozzles were hollow cone, D2 orifice, 33 core and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader/sticker (Biofilm). Mature green and pink fruit (100 per replicate) were harvested on Oct 24 and Nov 15. The fruit were inspected for tomato pinworm damage, external damage (primarily beet armyworm) and internal damage (primarily tomato fruitworm). The 2 harvests were combined. Vegetable leafminer control was evaluated by placing 2 pupal trays per replicate under the foliage on Oct 15, 22 and 29. After 72 hr, the trays were removed and all pupae counted. The data was analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. Arsin transformation was used for fruit damaged data.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1981
Authors: Seweli Gary H. , Storch R. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A, B, C, and D were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, MA on land that was in clover in 1980. The planting dates were May 21 for experiments A, B and C and Jun 11 for experiment D. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 75 g each were hand-planted 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal, for the area. Late blight control was effected by 3 foliar applications of CIBA-Geigy Ridomil (2EC) 280 g/ha the weeks of Jul 8, 22 and 396 g/ha the week of Aug 5. Soil applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow or fertilizer band just prior to planting or as a sidedcessing after emergence.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1981
Authors: Storch R. H. , Seweli Gary H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was a 4 x 6 randomized complete block design planted May 22 at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1980. The 2.0 m space between blocks was bare soil. The space between columns was planted with 2 rows of untreated seed (ca 75 g) 30 cm apart. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes, 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 75 g each were machine planted 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were! normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by 3 foliar applications of CIBA-Geigy Ridomil (2EC) 280 g/ha the weeks of Jul 8, 22 and 396 g/ha the week of Aug 5. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middlef 2 rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the sum of each stage of the beetle were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2.
Tomato Fruitworm Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Kouskolekas Costas A. , Jacobs R. J. , Hoilingworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Tomato transplants were set on Jun 13. Plots consisted of 3 rows, 25 ft long (88-inch centers), with 5-ft alleys. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment was used. Sprays were initiated when fruit began to set. All applications were made with a Super Blue Boy 6000 high clearance sprayer. Treatments were applied on Aug 5, 12, 26, Sep 2, 9 and 27. For disease control, Manzate 200 (at 1.6 lb ai/acre) was applied early in the season and Difolafan (at 1.0 lb ai/acre) was used late in the season. Tomatoes were harvested 5 times (Aug 25, Sep 1, 8, 16 and 23). Damage and yield data were taken from the middle row of each plot. All fruits were examined visually, and dissected when necessary, to determine damage by the fruitworm.
Field Test of Piperonyl Butoxide and Synthetic Pyrethroids for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1981
Authors: Silcox Charles A. , Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam Jun 3. Single row plots were 25 ft long and 5 ft wide. A guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a split plot experimental design. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, with a drop nozzle on each side of the row and one centered over the row, calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Plots were treated Jun 17, 24; Jul 3, 8, 15, 22, 24, 27; Aug 7, 14, 18, 25 and Sep 4. Sprays prior to Jul 24 were conducted using a preformuIated mixture of insecticide and piperonyl butoxide. Due to the ineffectiveness of the preformulated sprays, tank mixtures of insecticide and piperonyl butoxide 90% EC were initiated Jul 24. Parameters examined included percent defoliation, Colorado potato beetle larvae and adult counts, fruit damage and yield.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1979
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH was used for this study. Treatments were applied on May 15, 1979 using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 ft x 100 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block. Plants were 22 inches at treatment and 32 inches at the completion of the study. Reduction of this light infestation of alfalfa weevil larvae by FMC-35001 was comparable to Furadan at the same rate. Zolone was inferior to the standards of Supracide, Penncap-M and Furadan at comparable rates. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1981
Authors: Jokinen Duane , Lewis Brad , Ellington Joe , Owens John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a 15 acre commercial field of alfalfa at Las Cruces, NM, on Apr 13 15. Each compound was replicated 4 times in a completely random design with a modified Hagie sprayer. Because wind became a factor, 2 tests, each consisting of 6 of the 12 compounds were conducted, one 48 hr later than the other. Each plot was 14 ft 90 ft. The distance between plots was 15 ft. Alfalfa weevil larvae were collected by taking 3 sample sets of 20 sweeps each each replication with a standard 15 inch sweep net. Samples were placed into paper bags, returned to the laboratory, frozen a counted. A pre-treatment sample was obtained the day prior to compound application and a post-spray sample 7 days after application.