bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-saving investigation of vacuum reactive distillation for the production of ethyl acetate
Authors: Patil Ganesh N. , Gnanasundaram Nirmala 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ethyl acetate (EtAc) reactive distillation (RD) configurations often use atmospheric pressure, and this operating pressure can be reduced further to conserve energy based on the condenser cooling water temperature. Using the Aspen Plus simulator, two proposed configurations, RD column with stripper and pressure swing reactive distillation (PSRD), were simulated at lower operating pressure. The impact of RD column operating pressure on total energy usage and total annual cost (TAC) was studied. All design parameters were optimized using sequential iterative optimization procedures and sensitivity analysis to minimize the energy cost while maintaining the required product purity at 99.99%. The simulation results showed that the RD column with a stripper is better than PSRD with a saving of 23.17% in TAC and 31.53% in the specific cost of EtAc per kg. Compared to literature results, the proposed configurations have lower reboiler duty requirements and lower cost per kg of EtAc.
Affective influences on clinical reasoning and diagnosis: insights from social psychology and new research opportunities
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Chimowitz Hannah , Isbell Linda M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPsychological research consistently demonstrates that affect can play an important role in decision-making across a broad range of contexts. Despite this, the role of affect in clinical reasoning and medical decision-making has received relatively little attention. Integrating the affect, social cognition, and patient safety literatures can provide new insights that promise to advance our understanding of clinical reasoning and lay the foundation for novel interventions to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety. In this paper, we briefly review the ways in which psychologists differentiate various types of affect. We then consider existing research examining the influence of both positive and negative affect on clinical reasoning and diagnosis. Finally, we introduce an empirically supported theoretical framework from social psychology that explains the cognitive processes by which these effects emerge and demonstrates that cognitive interventions can alter these processes. Such interventions, if adapted to a medical context, hold great promise for reducing errors that emerge from faulty thinking when healthcare providers experience different affective responses.
Market structure and horizontal growth strategies – A case study of the container shipping industry
Authors: Tran Nguyen Khoi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article aims to review the structural transformation in the container shipping industry from 1995 to 2020 and identify the growth strategies of global carriers to enhance their market presence. Along with large investments in mega vessels, the growing deployment of charter capacity in all ship sectors has been a prominent trend in fleet expansion. The waves of mergers/acquisitions and bankruptcies have narrowed the group of global carriers. In addition to internal and external growth, they have been increasingly involved in strategic alliances to expand service coverage and compete well with powerful rivals. A few mega carriers have progressively captured the industry. In 2020, the Top 12 controlled 88 % of the global supply, and nearly 56 % was in the hands of the Top 4. Besides the substantial expansion of the four biggest carriers, we can identify the de-concentration within this gigantic group through the less inequality between their market shares.
Slavery in Achaemenid-Period Babylonia: The Social World of Rībat, Son of Bēl-erība
Authors: King Rhyne , Pirngruber Reinhard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper argues for a historically grounded view of slavery in Achaemenid-period Babylonia by examining the life of one particular individual, Rībat son of Bēl-erība, an ardu of the Murašû family (whose archive spans c. 454–404 BCE). In contrast to other studies which focus on the terminology or legal aspects of slavery, we examine the lived experience of Rībat. We do this in two ways. First, we study all of Rībat’s attested business ventures and demonstrate that, although Rībat occasionally acted under the direct orders of his masters, he more often pursued activities ancillary to those of the core Murašû business. Secondly, we use social network analysis of over 700 Murašû texts to demonstrate that, although Rībat was crucial in linking distinct individuals to the Murašû business, he lay outside his masters’ group of core associates. We then compare Rībat’s social position to that of other known Murašû subordinates to argue that Rībat’s experience was representative of that of other Murašû subordinates. We conclude by arguing for more social-historical studies of Babylonian servitude in the future.
Psychophysiological Transcendentalism in Friedrich Albert Lange’s Social and Political Philosophy
Authors: Widmer Elisabeth Theresia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent literature, it has been suggested that Lange’s social and political philosophy is separate from his neo-Kantian program. Prima facie, this interpretation makes sense given that Lange argues for an account of social norms that builds on Darwin and Smith rather than on Kant. Still, this paper argues that elements of psychophysiological transcendentalism can be found in Lange’s social and political philosophy. A detailed examination of the second edition of the History of Materialism, Schiller’s Poems, and the second edition of The Worker’s Question reveals that Lange sought to develop a systematic foundation of psychophysiological transcendentalism that is presupposed in his social and political philosophy. This allows for a more detailed understanding of Lange’s practical philosophy and assures him a position in the tradition of neo-Kantian socialism.
Factors influencing the success of capturing European brown bears with foot snares
Authors: Pereira Joana , Rosalino Luís Miguel , Reljić Slaven , Babic Natarsha , Huber Djuro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Management of free-ranging wildlife may include the capture of animals, with the implication that the capture process is optimized, both logistically and economically and in a way that avoids animal suffering, injury or accidental mortality. Studies targeting the optimization of trapping techniques are scarce, especially when focusing on large European mammals. Therefore, to fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to evaluate key factors that help determine brown bear capture success. This was done by analysing a complete data set from 23 years of capturing free-living Eurasian brown bears in Croatia by using Aldrich-type foot snares. Results showed significantly higher capture efficiency when traps were located at permanent feeding sites when compared to temporary feeding sites. Also, the use of a trail trap design was significantly more efficient in capturing bears than using a cubby set. Finally, results showed that trapping was more efficient when we bait the traps more frequently and when we implemented longer trap-sessions, with at least 14 days.
Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles from the leaves of Datura stramonium L.
Authors: Chandan Gourav , Pal Soumya , Kashyap Sheetal , Siwal Samarjeet Singh , Dhiman Shakti K. , Saini Adesh K. , Saini Reena V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, a wide range of studies has pointed out the role of nanoparticles as reservoirs of therapeutics for several diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, cancer research is focused on the development of novel treatment approaches to fight this dreadful disorder. Based on the evidential research and applications of nanoparticles, it is expected that green synthesized nanoparticles may show a prominent role, especially in the biomedical field. The present work is centered on the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from the aqueous (AQ) extract and non-alkaloidal (NA) fraction of Datura stramonium leaves and to evaluate their anticancer potential against mammalian cell lines. The biogenic Ag-NPs are characterized by UV-vis spectra, FTIR DLS, UV-Vis, SEM, and TEM. SEM and TEM analysis reveals the spherical morphology of NPs. The Ag-NPs exhibit cytotoxicity against various mammalian cell lines (A549, HCT-116, PANC-1, SHSY5Y, and U87), which indicate that the AQ and NA based NPs are highly potent to cause cancer cell death. To the best of our knowledge, the present report, for the first time, describes the green synthesis of Ag-NPs from the NA fraction of the D. stramonium and provides pieces of evidence for its anticancer potential.
Image polaritons in van der Waals crystals
Authors: Menabde Sergey G. , Heiden Jacob T. , Cox Joel D. , Mortensen N. Asger , Jang Min Seok 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polaritonic modes in low-dimensional materials enable strong light–matter interactions and the manipulation of light on nanometer length scales. Very recently, a new class of polaritons has attracted considerable interest in nanophotonics: image polaritons in van der Waals crystals, manifesting when a polaritonic material is in close proximity to a highly conductive metal, so that the polaritonic mode couples with its mirror image. Image modes constitute an appealing nanophotonic platform, providing an unparalleled degree of optical field compression into nanometric volumes while exhibiting lower normalized propagation loss compared to conventional polariton modes in van der Waals crystals on nonmetallic substrates. Moreover, the ultra-compressed image modes provide access to the nonlocal regime of light–matter interaction. In this review, we systematically overview the young, yet rapidly growing, field of image polaritons. More specifically, we discuss the dispersion properties of image modes, showcase the diversity of the available polaritons in various van der Waals materials, and highlight experimental breakthroughs owing to the unique properties of image polaritons.
The crystal structure of 1,4-bis((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione dihydrate, C20H22N6O4
Authors: Jia Aijun , Gong Zhihai , Li Ji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C20H22N6O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.2208(8) Å, b = 6.0358(4) Å, c = 14.6702(10) Å, β = 92.565(1)°, V = 992.57(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0639, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1726, T = 296(2) K.
Charitable Organizations in Singapore: From Clan Based to State Facilitated Endeavors
Authors: Tang Hang Wu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingapore, with a five million population, has a vibrant charitable sector with over 2000 registered charities attracting approximately USD$2.18 billion in annual donations. How did Singapore’s charitable sector achieve its current level when it has been, in the past, segregated along mainly religious, race and clan-based communities? This paper explores this question by piecing together the current ecosystem, regulatory and tax infrastructure which facilitates the charitable sector in Singapore. Central to the development of the charitable sector has been the Singapore government’s role of being a gatekeeper, regulator and enabler of charities. In analysing the government’s role in the charitable sector, this paper locates Singapore’s charitable sector within the literature on government and nonprofit organization relations which has been described at times being cooperative, complementary, confrontational, and co-optive. These astute observations ring true with respect to the Singapore government’s relationship with the charitable sector. For organizations which pursue purposes consistent with state’s vision of public good, the state’s relationship with these charities has been largely cooperative and complementary. However, even within charities considered by the state to further public good, there is a strong element of co-optation where the state wields significant direct and indirect power over the charitable sector by way of provision of funding and board composition. In contrast, nonprofit organizations which engage in aims inconsistent with the state’s perceived public interest are, by law, unable to register itself as charities and enjoy corresponding fiscal benefits. Such nonprofit organizations also typically do not receive state funding. This demonstrates the confrontational nature of the state’s relationship with these nonprofit organizations. Through a close analysis of the laws, codes, media reports and academic literature on the charitable sector, the central thesis of this paper is that the charitable sector in Singapore is essentially a state facilitated endeavor.
Opportunities of using Spirulina platensis as homemade natural dyes for textiles
Authors: Ciptandi Fajar , Susilowati Tri Hastuti , Ramadhan Mochammad Sigit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Some previous studies on Spirulina platensis show that this species contains pigments that can be used as natural dyes in textiles. However, research on the usage of spirulina natural pigment in certain types of conventional textile handicraft home industries in Indonesia has not been conducted. The purpose of this study is to utilize the potential of Spirulina platensis as homemade natural dyes for the development of designs in textiles. Through an experimental methodology, various experiments starting from the extraction process and dyeing were conducted to find out the right way to produce home dyes using spirulina and techniques of surface textile design to apply them in textiles. This is useful as one of the solutions today, since an increasing number of consumers are consciously seeking sustainable products, with no exception to the types of textile products. Therefore, this will provide an opportunity for business collaboration ideas in agribusiness and craft textiles. Additionally, it can add to the nature of textile natural dyes derived from various plant species in Indonesia.
Preparation of hydrophilic modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes by polymer/non-solvent co-induced phase separation: effect of coagulation bath temperature
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Lu Qingchen , Li Nana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Membrane separation technology is widely used in wastewater purification, but the issue of membrane fouling could not be ignored. Hydrophilic modification is an effective method to reduce membrane fouling. Therefore, in this work, a hydrophilic modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by polymer/non-solvent co-induced phase separation, and the effect of coagulation bath temperature on the membrane structure and performance was systematically investigated based on the previous study. With the increased of the coagulation bath temperature, the phase separation process changed from delayed to instantaneous, and the membrane surface changed from porous to dense, while the macropore structures and sponge-like pores appeared on the cross-section. Meanwhile, the pure water flux decreased from 229.3 L/(m2·h) to 2.08 L/(m2·h), the protein rejection rate increased from 83.87% to 100%, and the surface water contact angle increased from 63° to 90°. Thus, excessively high coagulation bath temperature adversely affected the permeate and separation performance, as well as antifouling performance of the membrane. This study enriched the research for preparing separation membranes by polymer/non-solvent co-induced phase separation and provided a practical and theoretical reference for controlling the membrane structure and properties by changing the coagulation bath temperature.
Toughened poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane uncompatibilized blends
Authors: Rodolfo Mateus Garcia , Costa Lidiane Cristina , Marini Juliano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable sources with similar properties when compared with petroleum-based thermoplastics but with inherent brittleness. In this work, the use of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as toughening agent was evaluated. PLA/TPU blends with 25 and 50 wt% of TPU were produced in an internal mixer without the use of compatibilizers. Their thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were analyzed and correlated with the developed morphology. Immiscible blends with dispersed droplets morphology were obtained, and it was observed an inversion between the matrix and dispersed phases with the increase of the TPU content. The presence of TPU altered the elasticity and viscosity of the blends when compared to PLA, besides acting as a nucleating agent. Huge increments in impact resistance (up to 365%) were achieved, indicating a great potential of TPU to be used as a PLA toughening agent.
Európai Újraélesztési Tanács (European Resuscitation Council, ERC) 2021-es irányelveinek áttekintése
Authors: Bánfai-Csonka Henrietta , Betlehem József , Musch János , Bánfai Bálint 
Published: January 2022

Az Európai Újraélesztési Tanács (European Resus citation Council, ERC) hivatalos irányelvei nagy általánosságban – érthető módon – a keringésmegállás és ennek ellátását helyezik a fő fókuszba. Ennek ellenére számos más kórfolyamat is előfordul, melyek azonnalibeavatkozást igényelnek, hiszen enélkül – sőt sajnos bizonyos esetekben ezzel együtt is – súlyos, életet közvetlenül veszélyeztető helyzetek alakulnak ki. Ezen kórfolyamatok ellátása az elsősegélynyújtás tárgyköréb tartozik. Az ERC 2015-ben kiadott hivatalosajánlásában foglalkozott először külön fejezetben az elsősegélynyújtással [1]. Az ERC 2021-ben megjelent új ajánlásában ez újra megfi gyelhető, az elsősegélynyújtás ismét külön fejezetet kapott. A következőkben tételesen szeretnénk bemutatni azokat a helyzeteket és ezek javasolt ellátási módjait, melyek a jelenlegi ERC ajánlásban tárgyalásra kerülnek [2].
Az itt összefoglalt ajánlás vázlata a jelenleg elérhető tudományos bizonyítékok alapján [3], az „Elsősegélynyújtás munkabizottság” által került megfogalmazásra, majd a nyilvánossá tételt követő megjegyzések mérlegelése és beépítése után került véglegesítésére.
Az ajánlásban tárgyalt témakörök két fő kategóriába kerültek besorolásra: nem traumás eredetű, sürgősségi ellátást igénylő kórképek, illetve traumás eredetű események. Az ezekbe sorolt kórfolyamatokat a következőkben részletesen tárgyaljuk. Ugyanakkor hangsúlyozzuk, hogy az összefoglalónk egy kivonat, melyben a szerzők igyekeztek bemutatni a legfontosabbinformációkat, de az itt feltüntetett kutatásokon és eredményeken túl további érdekes adatok érhetők el az eredeti publikációban, így összefoglalónk elolvasása nem képes kiváltani annak áttekintését.
Postoperative external beam radiotherapy for locoregional control in iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Groen Andries H , van Dijk Deborah , Sluiter Wim , Links Thera P , Bijl Hendrik P , Plukker John T M 
Published: January 2022

Background
The role of postoperative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in patients with residual iodine refractory-differentiated thyroid cancer (IR-DTC) is still inconclusive. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS), and potential side effects after postoperative EBRT for both microscopic and macroscopic non-radically resected, locally advanced IR-DTC.

Methods
Between 1990 and 2016, 49 patients with locally advanced IR-DTC received EBRT for microscopic (R1; n  = 28) or macroscopic (R2; n  = 21) locoregional residual disease. For more insight into the added effect of EBRT, we performed an intrapatient sub-analysis in 32 patients who had undergone more than 1 surgical intervention, comparing LRC after primary, curative-intended surgery with LRC after repeated surgery plus EBRT. To estimate LRC and OS, we used Kaplan–Meier curves. From 2007 onward, we prospectively recorded toxicity data in our head and neck cancer database (n  = 10).

Results
LRC rates 5 years after EBRT were higher for R1 (84.3%) than for R2 (44.9%) residual disease (P  = 0.016). The 5-year OS rate after EBRT was 72.1% for R1 and 33.1% for R2 disease (P  = 0.003). In the intrapatient analysis (n  = 32), LRC rates were 6.3% 5 years after only initial surgery and 77.9% after repeated surgery with EBRT (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity was limited to grade I and II xerostomia, mucositis, and hoarseness; only one patient developed late grade III dysphagia.

Conclusions
Postoperative EBRT is associated with long-lasting LRC and OS with acceptable toxicity in patients with locally advanced IR-DTC, especially in microscopic residual disease.
Systematic population-based identification of NTRK and RET fusion-positive thyroid cancers
Authors: Eszlinger Markus , Stewardson Paul , McIntyre John B , Box Adrian , Khalil Moosa , Hyrcza Martin , Koro Konstantin , Ruether Dean , Wu Jiahui , Paschke Ralf 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to identify patients with NTRK fusion-positive or RET fusion/mutation-positive thyroid cancers, who could benefit from neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RET) inhibitors.

Methods
Patients were identified in the Calgary prospective thyroid cancer database (N= 482). Patients were ‘pre-screened’ with clinically available MassARRAY® BRAF test, Colon Panel, Melanoma Panel, or ThyroSPEC™. Mutation-negative tumors were ‘screened’ for NTRK fusions and RET fusions/mutations with the Oncomine™ Comprehensive Assay v3 (OCAv3).

Results
A total of 86 patients were included in 1 of 2 separate analyses. Analysis A included 42 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-resistant distant metastases. After pre-screening, 20 BRAF and RAS mutation-negative patients underwent OCAv3 screening, resulting in the detection of 4 patients with NTRKfusions and 4 patients with RET fusions (8/20, 40% of analyzed patients). Analysis B included 44 patients, 42 with American Thyroid Association (ATA) high and intermediate risk of recurrence and 2 with medullary thyroid carcinoma. During pre-screening, 1 patient with an NTRK fusion, 1 patient with a RET fusion, and 30 patients with BRAF mutations were identified. The remaining 9 patients received OCAv3 screening, resulting in detection of 1 patient with an NTRKfusion and 1 with a RET fusion (4/11, 36% of analyzed patients).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate a higher rate of NTRK fusions and RETfusions in patients with thyroid cancer with RAI-resistant distant metastases and ATA high or intermediate risk of recurrence. This highlights the importance of early screening to enable intervention with a NTRK or RET inhibitor.