bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ambrosini Samuele , Gorica Era , Mohammed Shafeeq A. , Costantino Sarah , Ruschitzka Frank , Paneni Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
In this review, we critically address the role of epigenetic processing and its therapeutic modulation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Recent findings
HFpEF associates with a poor prognosis and the identification of novel molecular targets and therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Emerging evidence indicates a key involvement of epigenetic signals in the regulation of transcriptional programs underpinning features of HFpEF. The growing understanding of chromatin dynamics has led to the development of selective epigenetic drugs able to reset transcriptional changes thus delaying or preventing the progression toward HFpEF. Epigenetic information in the setting of HFpEF can be employed to: (i) dissect novel epigenetic networks and chromatin marks contributing to HFpEF; (ii) unveil circulating and cell-specific epigenetic biomarkers; (iii) build predictive models by using computational epigenetics and deep machine learning; (iv) develop new chromatin modifying drugs for personalized management of HFpEF.

Summary
Acquired epigenetic signatures during the lifetime can contribute to derail molecular pathways involved in HFpEF. A scrutiny investigation of the individual epigenetic landscape will offer opportunities to develop personalized epigenetic biomarkers and therapies to fight HFpEF in the decades to come.
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for cardiovascular risk
Authors: Goff Zackary D. , Nissen Steven E. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Use of omega-3 fatty acid (OM3FA) supplements to reduce risk of cardiovascular events has been investigated, largely without evidence of meaningful benefit, over the last 4 decades.

Recent findings
The first contemporary clinical trial to show benefit of OM3FA use was the REDUCE-IT trial (2018), showing a remarkable 25% relative risk reduction in the intervention group that received icosapent ethyl 4 g daily compared to a mineral oil placebo group. The STRENGTH trial (2020), which was similar in design to the REDUCE-IT trial but compared 4 g daily dose of combined OM3FA with a corn oil placebo, was terminated early due to futility.

Summary
This article provides a review of the data surrounding these trials and discusses the differing results of the two trials. There are key differences in the design of the two trials, the most notable is the use of mineral oil in the REDUCE-IT trial, which was potentially a nonneutral comparator. Additionally, both trials showed an increase in the incidence of atrial fibrillation. With the unclear benefit of OM3FA supplementation and possibility of harm, the current data suggest that the risk of routine use of OM3FA outweighs the possibility of reduction in risk of cardiovascular events.
Association Between Risk Factors and Readmission for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Catheter Ablation
Authors: Risom Signe Stelling , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Borregaard Britt , Nørgaard Marianne Wetendorff , Mols Rikke , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Thrysoee Lars , Juel Knud , Ekholm Ola , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: March 2022

Background
Because of high readmission rates for patients treated with ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), there is great value in nurses knowing which risk factors make the largest contribution to readmission.

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) describe potential risk factors at discharge and (2) describe the associations of risk factors with readmission from 60 days to 1 year after discharge.

Methods
Data from a national cross-sectional survey exploring patient-reported outcomes were used in conjunction with data from national health registers. This study included patients who had an ablation for AF during a single calendar year. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and questions on risk factors were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through registers, and readmissions were examined at 1 year.

Results
In total, 929 of 1320 (response rate, 70%) eligible patients treated with ablation for AF completed the survey. One year after ablation, there were 333 (36%) acute readmissions for AF and 401 (43%) planned readmissions for AF. Readmissions were associated with ischemic heart disease, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion
High observed readmission rates were associated with risk factors that included anxiety and depression. Postablation care should address these risk factors.
Cardiac arrest and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Cortegiani Andrea , Savastano Simone 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the cardiovascular system has been highlighted since the very first weeks after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 identification. We reviewed the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac arrest, both considering those occurred out of the hospital (OHCA) and in the hospital (IHCA).

Recent findings
An increase in OHCA incidence occurred in different countries, especially in those regions most burdened by the COVID-19, as this seems to be bounded to the pandemic trend. A change of OHCA patients’ characteristics, with an increase of the OHCA occurred at home, a decrease in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator use before Emergency Medical Service (EMS) arrival and an increase in non-shockable rhythms, have been highlighted. A dramatic drop in the OHCA patients’ survival was pointed out in almost all the countries, regardless of the high or low-incidence of COVID-19 cases. Concerning IHCA, a reduction in survival was highlighted in patients with COVID-19 who sustained a cardiac arrest.

Summary
Cardiac arrest occurrence and survival were deeply affected by the pandemic. Informative campaigns to the population to call EMS in case of need and the re-allocation of the prehospital resources basing on the pandemic trend are needed to improve survival.
The future of resuscitation education
Authors: Bray Janet E. , Greif Robert , Morley Peter 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an update for critical care clinicians and providers on the recent developments in patient and healthcare professional (HCP) resuscitation education.

Recent findings
The family members of patients at high-risk of cardiac arrest need to be provided with access to basic life support (BLS) training. Many low-cost methods are now available to provide BLS training beyond attending a traditional BLS instructor-led cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) class. Hybrid-blended learning formats provide new opportunities to receive individualized CPR-training in a flexible and convenient format. HCPs’ participation in accredited advanced life support courses improves patient outcomes. Monitoring HCPs exposure to resuscitation and supplementing with frequent simulation is recommended. Training should include human factors and nontechnical skills. Volunteering for first responder programs when off-duty provides a great opportunity for HCP's to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival and increase exposure to resuscitation.

Summary
Frequent resuscitation education and training is critical to improving cardiac arrest patient outcomes. Recent evidence shows the effectiveness of technological developments to improve access to training and outcomes.
Cardiac output monitoring – invasive and noninvasive
Authors: Arya Virendra K. , Al-Moustadi Waiel , Dutta Vikas 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to review various contemporary cardiac output (CO) measurement technologies available and their utility in critically ill patients.

Recent findings
CO measurement devices can be invasive, minimally invasive, or noninvasive depending upon their method of CO measurement. All devices have pros and cons, with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) being the gold standard. The invasive techniques are more accurate; however, their invasiveness can cause more complications. The noninvasive devices predict CO via mathematical modeling with several assumptions and are thus prone to errors in clinical situations. Recently, PAC has made a comeback into clinical practice especially in cardiac intensive care units (ICUs). Critical care echocardiography (CCE) is an upcoming tool that not only provides CO but also helps in differential diagnosis. Lack of proper training and nonavailability of equipment are the main hindrances to the wide adoption of CCE.

Summary
PAC thermodilution for CO measurement is still gold standard and most suitable in patients with cardiac pathology and with experienced user. CCE offers an alternative to thermodilution and is suitable for all ICUs; however, structural training is required.
Endohepatology – current status
Authors: Edelson Jerome C. , Mitchell Natalie E. , Rockey Don C. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
This article discusses the most recent studies regarding the emerging field of endohepatology – the use of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic tools for the management of patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.

Recent findings
New research has shown that liver biopsy specimens obtained by each Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guidance, the percutaneous approach, and the transjugular approach contained sufficient portal triads to adequately analyzed by experienced pathologists – suggesting that any of these routes of liver biopsy is clinically acceptable; further, all had similar rates of adverse events. An initial prospective study showed that EUS guided portal pressure measurement was safe, effective, and accurate. A recent metanalysis showed that EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection and coil embolization was statistically more efficacious and with less complications than EUS guided cyanoacrylate injection and EUS guided coil injection alone, suggesting that combination therapy appears to be the preferred approach for gastric varices (GV) bleeding. A prospective study evaluating focal liver lesions showed that the use of artificial intelligence had up to 100% sensitivity and 81% specificity for identifying malignant focal liver lesions.

Summary
EUS guided liver biopsy is safe and enables accurate diagnosis of underlying liver disease. EUS guided portal pressure measurement is also safe and is accurate. Combination therapy of EUS guided cyanoacrylate injection and coil embolization is more efficacious and has less complications than injection or coil therapy alone when used for GV bleeding. Artificial intelligence is highly sensitive and specific when used in conjunction with EUS in the diagnosis of malignant focal liver lesions. Endohepatology is a rapidly expanding field with great potential.
Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: clinically relevant?
Authors: Krauss Ronald M. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sdLDL) particles determined by several analytic procedures have been associated with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review focuses on the clinical significance of sdLDL measurement.

Recent findings
Results of multiple prospective studies have supported earlier evidence that higher levels of sdLDL are significantly associated with greater ASCVD risk, in many cases independent of other lipid and ASCVD risk factors as well as levels of larger LDL particles. A number of properties of sdLDL vs. larger LDL, including reduced LDL receptor affinity and prolonged plasma residence time as well as greater oxidative susceptibility and affinity for arterial proteoglycans, are consistent with their heightened atherogenic potential. Nevertheless, determination of the extent to which sdLDL can preferentially impact ASCVD risk compared with other apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins has been confounded by their metabolic interrelationships and statistical collinearity, as well as differences in analytic procedures and definitions of sdLDL.

Summary
A growing body of data points to sdLDL concentration as a significant determinant of ASCVD risk. Although future studies should be aimed at determining the clinical benefit of reducing sdLDL levels, there is sufficient evidence to warrant consideration of sdLDL measurement in assessing and managing risk of cardiovascular disease.

Video abstract

https://www.dropbox.com/s/lioohr2ead7yx2p/zoom_0.mp4?dl=0
Addition of “Septal Window” to Lower Blepharoplasty for the Management of Fat of the Lower Eyelids
Authors: Tran Bao Ngoc N. , Luthringer Margaret , Reed Laura , Asaadi Mokhtar 
Published: March 2022

Background
The most common reason for dissatisfaction and reoperation in lower blepharoplasty patients is persistent bulging of the lateral fat pad. This compartment contributes the most to fat herniation and yet is the most commonly overlooked. The addition of a septal window, a small opening of the septum on the most prominent part of the lateral fat compartment, helps with precise removal of lateral fat and allows for additional fat excision after septal reset without disrupting the arcuate expansion.

Methods
Our lower blepharoplasty approach includes 1) a subcilliary incision; 2) aggressive lateral fat excision through a septal window; 3) central and medial fat excision, transposition, and septal reset; 4) canthopexy; 5) orbicularis oculi muscle suspension; and 6) no dissection of orbicularis oculi medially and no skin resected medially to avoid lid retraction. We performed a retrospective review of all lower blepharoplasty cases by a single surgeon over 10 years. Demographics and operative outcomes were queried.

Results
There were 224 cases, 90% were women with a mean age of 58.2 years. The most common postoperative occurrences were eyelid edema, malar edema, and chemosis, all of which were self-limiting. Two patients needed additional removal of lateral fat of their lower eyelids.
Two patients had lid retraction, one of which had a previous facial nerve palsy and the other did not have a canthopexy and developed transient unilateral lid retraction that resolved with conservative treatment. Resumption of full activities and exercises at 6 weeks was typical.

Conclusion
The septal window facilitates aggressive resection of the lateral fat pad and additional fat excision after septal reset to create a smooth lid-cheek junction. In our practice, it is a critical component of a successful lower blepharoplasty.
Short-Segment Drilling Guides for the Management Comminuted Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Zhuang Hai , Zhu Bowen , Bu Shoushan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Treatment of a severely comminuted mandibular fracture is challenging. This technical note describes a novel office-based workflow, combining virtual surgery planning with short-segment drilling guides. The authors reduced the comminuted mandibular fractures via virtual surgery planning. Then, the reconstructed mandible model was printed using an in-house 3D printer. Next, the reconstruction plate was preformed according to the shape of the mandibular model surface, and the position of the screw hole in the mandibular surface was determined. Finally, hand-made short-segment drilling guides for screw position transfer were fabricated with temporary resin. During the operation, the authors reset the guides for the drill to make screw holes as planned. After the hole was drilled, the pre-bent plate was applied to the mandible. The fracture was expected to be reduced, when tightening the screws. in our workflow, by using short and simple operative procedures, the authors were able to achieve precise reduction and reduce the operation time.
Botulinum Toxin Injections as an Adjunct to Surgical Lip Repositioning For Gummy Smile Treatment
Authors: Queiroz Thallita Pereira , Luvizuto Eloá Rodrigues , Marques Daniela Oliveira , Santos Vinícius Bastos Porto , Corbi Sâmara Cruz Tfaile , dos Santos Pamela Leticia 
Published: March 2022

Background:
An attractive smile depends on the proper proportion and arrangement of lip, teeth gingiva scaffold. The ideal smile is the exposure of the entire length of maxillary teeth with 1 mm gingiva. A gingival display exceeding 3 mm is unpleasant and termed ‘‘gummy smile (GS).’’ Lip repositioning is a simple surgical procedure intended to minimize the gingival display by removing a strip of mucosa and shortening the vestibular depth. Botulinum toxin injecting overactive muscles with measured quantities results in a reduction of muscle activity, relaxing the lip muscles and decreasing upward pull on the lip. There are some contraindications: patients with short lips and gingival exposures less than 3 mm.

Purpose:
This case report describes the successful management of GS of a young man.

Case Report:
The procedures were performed and these techniques resulted in shortened vestibule and restricted the muscle pull of the elevator muscles of the lip, reducing gingival display when the patient smiles. Surgical lip repositioning can be a minimally invasive alternative to orthognathic surgery. Botulinum Toxin injections can be a useful adjunct to enhance the esthetics and improve patient satisfaction, being a more conservative and immediate nonsurgical treatment modality available.

Conclusions:
In this way, the clinical case report demonstrated that lip repositioning surgery combined to botulinum toxin injections promising outcomes in the GS correction. The effect showed a marked reduction in gingival display at the 4-years follow-up.
Intramuscular Fat Graft Results in Lower Retention but Similar Quality Compared with Subcutaneous Counterpart
Authors: Jin Shengyang , Liu Wei , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The adipose tissue has been injected into both subcutaneous and intramuscular planes for volume augmentation. However, the differences in their outcomes have yet to be fully elucidated. To investigate the differences of intramuscular and subcutaneous graft outcome, adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal fat pad of mice and then placed into the quadriceps femoris or the subcutaneous plane, respectively. At 8 weeks, the graft outcome was evaluated by gross weight assessment, hema-toxylin and eosin staining, and CD31 staining. The authors found out that though the intramuscular graft had lower weight retention than the subcutaneous graft, the histologic quality and vascularity were similar between the intramuscular and subcutaneous graft. To summarize, the muscle is a feasible plane for fat grafting clinically. While performing intramuscular fat grafting, moderate overcorrec-tion may be necessary to achieve satisfactory results.
Sevoflurane diminishes neurogenesis and promotes ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex via inhibiting nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2 expression
Authors: Song Ruixue , Wang Rong , Shen Ziying , Chu Haichen 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Prenatal sevoflurane exposure may pose neurotoxicity to embryonic brain development and lead to cognitive dysfunction in offspring, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether sevoflurane could cause neurogenesis abnormality and ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex (PFC) and to identify the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity.

Methods
We used the rodents and primary neural stem cells to examine whether sevoflurane impacted proliferation, differentiation, ferroptosis and apoptosis in the neural stem cells of embryonic PFC. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and the intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also assessed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Results
Our results showed that sevoflurane exposure in third trimester could lead to neurogenesis inhibition and ferroptosis in-vivo embryonic PFC, with little influence on apoptosis. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of Nrf2 as well as an increase in ROS accumulation were also found in neural stem cells after sevoflurane anesthesia.

Conclusion
We conclude that Nrf2-related neurogenesis inhibition and ferroptosis are a central mechanism contributing to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in embryonic brain. The results of the present study are the first to demonstrate that ferroptosis and the expression of Nrf2 are involved in sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity in embryonic brain, which provides new vision for consideration in anesthesia-associated neurological abnormalities.
Impact of long-term COVID on workers: a systematic review protocol
Authors: do Prado Camila Bruneli , Emerick Giselly Storch , Cevolani Pires Luciana Bicalho , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPart of the patients infected by COVID-19 have at least one lasting sequel of the disease and may be framed in the concept of long Covid. These sequelae can compromise the quality of life, increase dependence on other people for personal care, impair the performance of activities of daily living, thus compromising work activities and harming the health of the worker. This protocol aims to critically synthesize the scientific evidence on the effects of Covid-19 among workers and its impact on their health status and professional life.MethodSearches will be performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and Epistemonikos. Included studies will be those that report the prevalence of long-term signs and symptoms in workers and/or the impact on their health status and work performance, which may be associated with Covid-19 infection. Data extraction will be conducted by 3 reviewers independently. For data synthesis, a results report will be carried out, based on the main outcome of this study.DiscussionThis review will provide evidence to support health surveillance to help decision makers (i.e. healthcare providers, stakeholders and governments) regarding long-term Covid.
Disturbance by soil mixing decreases microbial richness and supports homogenizing community assembly processes
Authors: West Jaimie R. , Whitman Thea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spatial heterogeneity of soil’s microhabitats warrants the study of ecological patterns and community assembly processes in the context of community coalescence, or the combining and restructuring of communities and their environment. By mixing soil at various frequencies in a 16-week lab incubation, we explored the effects of mixing disturbance on soil bacterial richness, community composition, and community assembly processes. We hypothesized that well-mixed soil would harbor less richness, dominated by homogenizing dispersal and homogeneous selection. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we inferred ecological processes, estimated richness and differential abundance, calculated compositional dissimilarity, and constructed co-occurrence networks. Findings supported our hypotheses, with >20% decrease in soil bacterial richness in well-mixed soil. While soil mixing resulted in increasingly dissimilar communities compared to unmixed soil (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; 0.75 vs. 0.25), well-mixed soil communities were increasingly self-similar. Our results imply that vast soil diversity may be attributed to the unmixed and spatially heterogeneous nature of soil, and also provide insight into soil communities following coalescence events. By isolating and better understanding the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dysconnectivity on soil microbial communities, we may better extrapolate how anthropogenic disturbances, such as climate change or land use change, may affect broad soil functions.One sentence summarySoil mixing decreases bacterial richness as several taxa dominate the community, providing evidence for homogenizing community assembly processes.