bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and after colon washing fecal samples: the two sides of the coin for investigating the human gut microbiome
Authors: Piancone Elisabetta , Fosso Bruno , Marzano Marinella , De Robertis Mariangela , Notario Elisabetta , Oranger Annarita , Manzari Caterina , Bruno Silvia , Visci Grazia , Defazio Giuseppe , D’Erchia Anna Maria , Filomena Ermes , Maio Dominga , Minelli Martina , Vergallo Ilaria , Minelli Mauro , Pesole Graziano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo date several studies address the important role of gut microbiome and its interplay with the human host in the health and disease status. However, the selection of a universal sampling matrix representative of the microbial biodiversity associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is still challenging. Here we present a study in which, through a deep metabarcoding analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, we compared two sampling matrices, feces (F) and colon washing feces (CWF), in order to evaluate their relative effectiveness and accuracy in representing the complexity of the human gut microbiome. A cohort of 30 volunteers was recruited and paired F and CWF samples were collected from each subject. Alpha diversity analysis confirmed a slightly higher biodiversity of CWF compared to F matched samples. Likewise, beta diversity analysis proved that paired F and CWF microbiomes were quite similar in the same individual, but remarkable inter-individual variability occurred among the microbiomes of all participants. Taxonomic analysis in matched samples was carried out to investigate the intra and inter individual/s variability. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were the main phyla in both F and CWF samples. At genus level, Bacteirodetes was the most abundant in F and CWF samples, followed by Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Escherichia-Shigella. Our study highlights an inter-individual variability greater than intra-individual variability for paired F and CWF samples. Indeed, an overall higher similarity was observed across matched F and CWF samples, suggesting, as expected, a remarkable overlap between the microbiomes inferred using the matched F and CWF samples. Notably, absolute quantification of total 16S rDNA by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) revealed comparable overall microbial load between paired F and CWF samples. We report here the first comparative study on fecal and colon washing fecal samples for investigating the human gut microbiome and show that both types of samples may be used equally for the study of the gut microbiome. The presented results suggest that the combined use of both types of sampling matrices could represent a suitable choice to obtain a more complete overview of the human gut microbiota for addressing different biological and clinical questions.
Adhesive assisted TiB2 coating effects on friction stir welded joints
Authors: Kundu Amit Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Rajput Nitesh Singh , Rathore Rajesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFriction stir welding is a novel technique for joining ferrous and non-ferrous materials in a solid state. The groove fill techniques are most popular and generally used by researchers to dope reinforcement in the FSWed zone to improve the properties of joints. The main drawback of this technique is that a few amounts of reinforcement material come out from the groove during the fabrication of the joint. In the present work, the adhesive-assisted reinforcement technique was used to overcome this problem for the fabrication of particulates reinforced friction stirred weld joint. In the present work, the aluminum alloy plate edges were coated with a thin layer of TiB2. The coated and non-coated edge plates were joined using friction stir welding at the rotational speed of 1400 and 2240 rpm, and welding speed of 32 mm/min using a taper threaded pin tool. The tensile strength of coated edge plate welded joints was found highest in comparison to non-coated joints which was 39.74% superior. The percentage elongation of coated edge joint was observed about 1.5 times lower than the non-coated edge plate joint. The flexure strength of TiB2 reinforced coated edge joint was found about 1.5 times higher. However, the impact strength of coated edge plate was found nearly three times lower than the uncoated edge joints. The TiB2 coated edge joints reveal 22.75% higher hardness than the non-coated edge plate joints welded at the rotational speed of 2240.
Task-dependent fractal patterns of information processing in working memory
Authors: Ochab Jeremi K. , Wątorek Marcin , Ceglarek Anna , Fafrowicz Magdalena , Lewandowska Koryna , Marek Tadeusz , Sikora-Wachowicz Barbara , Oświęcimka Paweł 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe applied detrended fluctuation analysis, power spectral density, and eigenanalysis of detrended cross-correlations to investigate fMRI data representing a diurnal variation of working memory in four visual tasks: two verbal and two nonverbal. We show that the degree of fractal scaling is regionally dependent on the engagement in cognitive tasks. A particularly apparent difference was found between memorisation in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Furthermore, the detrended cross-correlations between brain areas were predominantly indicative of differences between resting state and other tasks, between memorisation and retrieval, and between verbal and nonverbal tasks. The fractal and spectral analyses presented in our study are consistent with previous research related to visuospatial and verbal information processing, working memory (encoding and retrieval), and executive functions, but they were found to be more sensitive than Pearson correlations and showed the potential to obtain other subtler results. We conclude that regionally dependent cognitive task engagement can be distinguished based on the fractal characteristics of BOLD signals and their detrended cross-correlation structure.
Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India
Authors: Dykes Cherry L. , Sharma Gunjan , Behera Abhisek K. , Kapoor Neera , Paine Mark J. I. , Donnelly Martin J. , Singh Om P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes are a multigene family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to the substrate. The epsilon class of GST (GSTe), unique to arthropods, is known to be involved in the detoxification process of several classes of insecticides, and GSTe2 in particular is known to have DDT dehydrochlorinase activity. This communication reports a tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding GSTe2 and GSTe4 genes in a laboratory-colonized DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi. We identified duplication breakpoints and the organization of gene duplication through Sanger sequencing performed on long-PCR products. Manual annotation of sequences revealed a tandemly-arrayed duplication of a 3.62 kb segment of GST epsilon gene clusters comprised of five genes: a partial GSTe1, GSTe2, GSTe2-pseudogene, GSTe4 and partial GSTe5, interconnected by a conserved 2.42 kb DNA insert segment major part of which is homologous to a genomic region located on a different chromosome. The tandemly duplicated array contained a total of two GSTe2 and three GSTe4 functional paralog genes. Read-depth coverage and split-read analysis of Illumina-based whole-genome sequence reads confirmed the presence of duplication in the corresponding region of the genome. The increased gene dose in mosquitoes as a result of the GSTe gene-duplication may be an adaptive process to increase levels of detoxifying enzymes to counter insecticide pressure.
A patchy theoretical model for the transmission dynamics of SARS-Cov-2 with optimal control
Authors: Mhlanga A. , Mupedza T. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShort-term human movements play a major part in the transmission and control of COVID-19, within and between countries. Such movements are necessary to be included in mathematical models that aim to assist in understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. A two-patch basic mathematical model for COVID-19 was developed and analyzed, incorporating short-term human mobility. Here, we modeled the human mobility that depended on its epidemiological status, by the Lagrangian approach. A sharp threshold for disease dynamics known as the reproduction number was computed. Particularly, we portrayed that when the disease threshold is less than unity, the disease dies out and the disease persists when the reproduction number is greater than unity. Optimal control theory was also applied to the proposed model, with the aim of investigating the cost-effectiveness strategy. The findings were further investigated through the usage of the results from the cost objective functional, the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER), and then the infection averted ratio (IAR).
Ramucirumab combination with sorafenib enhances the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on HepG2 cancer cells
Authors: Taha Amna Mohamed , Aboulwafa Mohammad Mabrouk , Zedan Hamdallah , Helmy Omneya Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSorafenib, an oral multiple kinase inhibitor, is the standardized treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One strategy to improve HCC therapy is to combine agents that target key signaling pathways. In this study we set out to investigate the effect of combining sorafenib with either bevacizumab (anti-VEGF), panitumumab (anti-EGFR) or ramucirumab (anti-VEGFR2) on HepG2 cancer cell line with the aim of improving efficacy and possibility of therapeutic dose reduction of sorafenib.: HepG2 cancer cell line was treated with sorafenib alone or in combination with either bevacizumab, panitumumab or ramucirumab. Cell proliferation; apoptosis and cell cycle distribution; gene expression of VEGFR2, EGFR, MMP-9 and CASPASE3; the protein levels of pVEGFR2 and pSTAT3 and the protein expression of CASPASE3, EGFR and VEGFR2 were determined. Combined treatments of sorafenib with ramucirumab or panitumumab resulted in a significant decrease in sorafenib IC50. Sorafenib combination with ramucirumab or bevacizumab resulted in a significant arrest in pre-G and G0/G1 cell cycle phases, significantly induced apoptosis and increased the relative expression of CASPASE3 and decreased the anti-proliferative and angiogenesis markers´ MMP-9 and pVEGFR2 or VEGFR2 in HepG2 cells. A significant decrease in the levels of pSTAT3 was only detected in case of sorafenib-ramucirumab combination. The combined treatment of sorafenib with panitumumab induced a significant arrest in pre-G and G2/M cell cycle phases and significantly decreased the relative expression of EGFR and MMP-9. Sorafenib-ramucirumab combination showed enhanced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation and angiogenesis in HepG2 cancer cells. Our findings suggest that ramucirumab can be a useful as an adjunct therapy for improvement of sorafenib efficacy in suppression of HCC.
Evidence for a stable single component sharp texture in high purity aluminum during tube high-pressure shearing at room temperature
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Luo Yi , Zhu Ye Bin , Lin Kui , Ren Zhi Tian , Yang Yang , Liu Ying , Wang Jing Tao , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA stable {$$\stackrel{\mathrm{-}}{1}{\text{10}}$$

1
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10

}  <110>  single component sharp texture was obtained during ambient temperature tube High-Pressure Shearing (t-HPS) of 99.999% purity aluminum. It is shown that the grain size and the grain aspect ratio saturate at ~ 8 μm and ~ 1.6, respectively, at an equivalent strain of ~ 30 and the high-angle grain boundary fraction continues to decrease after this saturation even to equivalent strains exceeding ~ 200. The {$$\stackrel{\mathrm{-}}{1}{\text{10}}$$

1
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10

}  <110> texture emerges at an equivalent strain of ~ 6 to 9 with the completion of recrystallization and develops gradually as a sole component sharp texture with increasing intensity upon further processing. This component is a stable orientation in t-HPS processing although it was not previously observed experimentally as a shear texture. Thus, t-HPS processing provides a new and effective experimental tool for simple shear testing that is distinctly different from earlier shear strain methods such as torsional processing.
Temporal patterns of functional anti-dengue antibodies in dengue infected individuals with different disease outcome or infection history
Authors: Vo Hoa Thi My , Upasani Vinit , Auerswald Heidi , Lay Sokchea , Sann Sotheary , Vanderlinden Axelle , Ken Sreymom , Sorn Sopheak , Ly Sowath , Duong Veasna , Dussart Philippe , Cantaert Tineke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeterotypic secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection is a risk factor for the development of severe disease. To assess the contribution of the developing polyclonal humoral immune response to the course of acute infection, we have determined anti-DENV IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, percentages of antibodies binding to DENV-infected cells and antibody‑dependent enhancement (ADE) to the infecting serotype in DENV-infected Cambodian children (n = 58), ranging from asymptomatic dengue to severe disease. The results showed that ADE titers are highest against the infecting serotype during heterotypic secondary DENV-2 infection. Moreover, IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies and ADE titers against the infecting serotype peak at D10 and are maintained until D60 after laboratory-confirmed secondary DENV infection. Anti-DENV IgG titers and the magnitude of the functional antibody response were higher in secondary DENV-infected patients compared to primary infected patients. No differences in antibody titers, neutralizing or enhancing antibodies could be observed between asymptomatic or hospitalized patients between 6 and 8 days after laboratory-confirmed DENV-1 infection. However, at this time point, the level of IgG bound to DENV-infected cells was associated with disease severity in hospitalized patients. Taken together, our data offer insights for more comprehensive interpretation of antibody response profile to natural infection and its correlation to disease outcome.
Excessive dietary linoleic acid promotes plasma accumulation of pronociceptive fatty acyl lipid mediators
Authors: Birkic Nada , Azar Toni , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Minic Zeljka , Reynolds Christian A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVarious fatty acyl lipid mediators are derived from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and modulate nociception. The modern diet is rich in linoleic acid, which is associated with nociceptive hypersensitivities and may present a risk factor for developing pain conditions. Although recommendations about fatty acid intake exist for some diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease), the role of dietary fatty acids in promoting pain disorders is not completely understood. To determine how dietary linoleic acid content influences the accumulation of pro- and anti-nociceptive fatty acyl lipid mediators, we created novel rodent diets using custom triglyceride blends rich in either linoleic acid or oleic acid. We quantified the fatty acyl lipidome in plasma of male and female rats fed these custom diets from the time of weaning through nine weeks of age. Dietary fatty acid composition determined circulating plasma fatty acyl lipidome content. Exposure to a diet rich in linoleic acid was associated with accumulation of linoleic and arachidonic acid-derived pro-nociceptive lipid mediators and reduction of anti-nociceptive lipid mediators derived from the omega-3 PUFAs. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into exaggerated nociceptive hypersensitivity associated with excessive dietary linoleic acid intake and highlight potential biomarkers for pain risk stratification.
Transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells overexpressing LIF/IFN-β promotes recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
Authors: Yousefi Mahdieh , Nabipour Abolghasem , Ganjalikhani Hakemi Mazdak , Ashja-Arvan Mehnoosh , Amirpour Noushin , Salehi Hossein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease with inflammatory demyelination in the central nerve system. Besides the defect in the myelin repair process, the balance change in inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines is one of the most significant factors in MS pathogenesis. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of co-overexpressing beta interferon (IFN-β) and Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in human adipose-derived stem cells (IFN-β/LIF-hADSCs) on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). 12 days after the induction of EAE on female mice C57Bl/6 with MOG35-55 and the emergence of primary clinical signs, the IFN-β/LIF-hADSCs were injected into the mice tail vein of the EAE mice. The mice were sacrificed after 32 days and the spinal cords of the experimental groups were dissected out for the histopathologic and real-time RT-PCR studies. Here, we showed that the clinical scores and infiltration of mononuclear cells of treated mice with IFN-β/LIF-hADSCs were decreased significantly. Demyelination and the number of Olig2+and MBP+cells were significantly increased in the test (IFN-β/LIF-hADSCs) group. The findings revealed that the pattern of inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines gene expression in the IFN-β/LIF-hADSCs group was reversed compared to the control group. Overexpression of LIF as a neurotrophic and IFN-β as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in hADSCs increases the immunomodulatory effect of hADSCs reduces the extent of demyelination, improves the number of Olig2+cells, and also increases the amount of MBP protein which can increase the production of myelin in EAE model. This, besides hADSCs capacity for proliferation and differentiation, might enhance the treatment efficacy and provide a promising candidate for stem cell-based gene therapy of MS therapy in the future.
An efficient rAAV vector for protein expression in cortical parvalbumin expressing interneurons
Authors: Tkatch Tatiana , Rysevaite-Kyguoliene Kristina , Sabeckis Ignas , Sabeckiene Deimante , Pauza Dainius H. , Baranauskas Gytis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecombinant adeno—associated viruses (rAAV) are extensively used in both research and clinical applications. Despite significant advances, there is a lack of short promoters able to drive the expression of virus delivered genes in specific classes of neurons. We designed an efficient rAAV vector suitable for the rAAV-mediated gene expression in cortical interneurons, mainly in the parvalbumin expressing cells. The vector includes a short parvalbumin promoter and a specialized poly(A) sequence. The degree of conservation of the parvalbumin gene adjoining non-coding regions was used in both the promoter design and the selection of the poly(A) sequence. The specificity was established by co-localizing the fluorescence of the virus delivered eGFP and the antibody for a neuronal marker. rAAV particles were injected in the visual cortex area V1/V2 of adult rats (2–4 months old). Neurons expressing the virus delivered eGFP were mainly positive for interneuronal markers: 66.5 ± 2.8% for parvalbumin, 14.6 ± 2.4% for somatostatin, 7.1 ± 1.2% for vasoactive intestinal peptide, 2.8 ± 0.6% for cholecystokinin. Meanwhile, only 2.1 ± 0.5% were positive for CaMKII, a marker for principal cells in the cortex. The efficiency of the construct was verified by optogenetic experiments: the expression of the virus delivered ChR2 channels was sufficient to evoke by blue light laser high frequency bursts of action potentials in putative fast spiking neurons. We conclude that our promoter allows highly specific expression of the rAAV delivered cDNAs in cortical interneurons with a strong preference for the parvalbumin positive cells.
Observing volcanoes with drones: studies of volcanic plume chemistry with ultralight sensor systems
Authors: Karbach Niklas , Bobrowski Nicole , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of the chemical composition of volcanic emissions is an important method for obtaining information about volcanic systems and providing indirect and unique insights into magmatic processes. However, there is a non-negligible risk associated with sampling directly at volcanic craters or maintaining geochemical monitoring stations at such locations. Spectroscopic remote sensing methods, in turn, can measure only a few species. Here, drones offer the opportunity to bring measurement systems to the scene. Standard parameters that are commonly measured are SO2 and CO2 concentrations, as well as a number of meteorological parameters. The in-flight transmission of data by radio telemetry plays an important role, since visual localization of the volcanic plume from a distance of several kilometers is practically impossible. Until now, larger and quite cost-intensive drones have been used for this purpose, which must first be transported to the site of operation at great expense. Here, we present the development and successful deployment of a very small drone system (empty weight < 0.9 kg) for chemical characterization of volcanic plumes that can be easily transported on foot to difficult-to-access terrain and, moreover, requires only minimal flight and administrative preparations for operation as an aerial observation platform.
Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones
Authors: Salack Seyni , Sanfo Safiétou , Sidibe Moussa , Daku Elidaa K. , Camara Ibrahima , Dieng Mame Diarra Bousso , Hien Koufanou , Torou Bio Mohamadou , Ogunjobi Kehinde O. , Sangare Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B. , Kouame Konan Raoul , Koffi Yao Bernard , Liersch Stefan , Savadogo Moumini , Giannini Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe regional climate as it is now and in the future will put pressure on investments in sub-Saharan Africa in water resource management, fisheries, and other crop and livestock production systems. Changes in oceanic characteristics across the Atlantic Ocean will result in remarkable vulnerability of coastal ecology, littorals, and mangroves in the middle of the twenty-first century and beyond. In line with the countries' objectives of creating a green economy that allows reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved resource efficiency, and prevention of biodiversity loss, we identify the most pressing needs for adaptation and the best adaptation choices that are also clean and affordable. According to empirical data from the field and customized model simulation designs, the cost of these adaptation measures will likely decrease and benefit sustainable green growth in agriculture, water resource management, and coastal ecosystems, as hydroclimatic hazards such as pluviometric and thermal extremes become more common in West Africa. Most of these adaptation options are local and need to be scaled up and operationalized for sustainable development. Governmental sovereign wealth funds, investments from the private sector, and funding from global climate funds can be used to operationalize these adaptation measures. Effective legislation, knowledge transfer, and pertinent collaborations are necessary for their success.