bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of multi-cropping agriculture in Southwestern China: Archaeobotanical insights from third to first millennium B.C. Yunnan
Authors: Dal Martello Rita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYunnan’s location at the crossroad of temperate China, Northeast India and tropical mainland Southeast Asia makes it a pivotal area for the understanding of early cultural contacts and agricultural spread between these ecologically diverse regions. This paper evaluates current evidence relating to the emergence of the first agricultural systems in Yunnan. It also reviews previous theories on agricultural dispersal to Yunnan, including whether Austroasiatic speakers were responsible for the spread of rice from Yunnan to mainland Southeast Asia, and builds a new framework that allows to tie agricultural development in the region into broader patterns of early migration and exchange networks. Archaeobotanical remains attest to an initial spread of rice and millet from Central China into Yunnan in the third millennium B.C. and the establishment of a mixed-crop economy; the introduction of wheat and barley in the second millennium B.C. allowed for increased diversification of the agricultural system, with a two-season intensification trend in the late first millennium B.C. Differences in early rice cultivation ecologies between Yunnan and mainland Southeast Asia suggest that Yunnan rice farmers may not have had a primary role in the southern dispersal of rice, however, more data is needed to fully clarify the source and development of dryland cultivation of rice in mainland Southeast Asia.
The Effects of Neural Gain on Reactive Cognitive Control
Authors: Tromp Jeshua , Nieuwenhuis Sander , Murphy Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluctuations in global neural gain, arising from brainstem arousal systems, have been found to shape attention, learning, and decision-making as well as cortical state. Comparatively, little is known about how fluctuations in neural gain affect cognitive control. In the present study, we examined this question using a combination of behavioral methods, pupillometry, and computational modeling. Simulations of a comprehensive model of the Stroop task incorporating task conflict and both proactive and reactive forms of control indicated that increasing global gain led to an overall speeding of reaction times, increased Stroop interference, and decreased Stroop facilitation. Pupil analyses revealed that the pre-trial pupil derivative (i.e., rate of change), a putative non-invasive index of global gain, showed the same diagnostic relationships with the Stroop-task performance of human participants. An analysis of the internal model dynamics suggested that a gain-related increase in task conflict and corresponding (within-trial) increase in reactive control are vital for understanding this pattern of behavioral results. Indeed, a similar connectionist model without this task-conflict-control loop could not account for the results. Our study suggests that spontaneous fluctuations in neural gain can have a significant impact on reactive cognitive control.
Open innovation programmes related to data and AI: How do the entrepreneurial orientations of startups align with the objectives of public funders?
Authors: Priestley Maria , Simperl Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpen innovation programmes related to data and artificial intelligence have interested European policy-makers as a means of supporting startups and small and medium-sized enterprises to succeed in the digital economy. We discuss the objectives behind the typical service offerings of such programmes and propose a case for exploring how they align with the motivations of individual companies who are targeted by these initiatives. Using a qualitative analysis of 50 startup applications from the Data Market Services Accelerator programme, we find that applicants wrote most frequently about fundraising, acceleration and data skills. A smaller number of startups expressed interest in services related to standardization or legal guidance on General Data Protection Regulation and intellectual property rights, which are some of the ongoing priority areas for the European Commission. We discuss how the value propositions of these less desired offerings can be amplified by appealing the existing business motivations of data-driven startups.
Simplicity and the Sub-Family Problem for Model Selection
Authors: Fatollahi Alireza , Alishahi Kasra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractForster and Sober (1994) introduced the “sub-family problem” for model selection criteria that recommend balancing goodness-of-fit against simplicity. This problem arises when a maximally simple model (family of hypotheses) is artificially constructed to have excellent fit with the data. We argue that the problem arises because of a violation of the general maxim that balancing goodness-of-fit against simplicity leads to desirable inferences only if one is comparing models for the consideration of which one has a positive reason independently of the current data.
Representing Non-actual Targets?
Authors: Verreault-Julien Philippe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModels typically have actual, existing targets. However, some models are viewed as having non-actual targets. I argue that this interpretation comes at various costs and propose an alternative that fares better along two dimensions: (1) agreement with practice and (2) ontological and epistemological parsimony. My proposal is that many of these models actually have actual targets.
Searching for the Last Genizah Fragment in Late Ottoman Cairo: A Material Survey of Egyptian Jewish Literary Culture
Authors: Posegay Nick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Cairo Genizah is well known as a repository for hundreds of thousands of manuscripts that the Jewish residents of Fustat (Old Cairo) produced and consumed in the premodern period. Foreign “collectors” acquired most of these manuscripts for European libraries in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the majority arriving at the Cambridge University Library in 1897 under the auspices of Solomon Schechter. Less well known is the fact that hundreds of Genizah fragments were produced in the late nineteenth century, even as European collectors were scouring Cairo for ancient texts. This later corpus includes witnesses to the social and economic history of late Ottoman Cairo and provides copious evidence for the material history of Egyptian Jewish literary activity at that time. Despite this, it remains understudied for both Ottoman and Jewish history. Late Genizah material also raises questions about the integrity of “Cairo Genizah” manuscript collections around the world, as some fragments postdate Schechter's Genizah “discovery,” and others were never in Egypt at all.
An endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy technique for cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Nishiike S , Imai T , Uetsuka S , Michiba T , Ashida N , Otami Y , Tsujimura K , Sudo T , Saito M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy, in which mastoidectomy is performed underwater, can be employed during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for cholesteatoma removal. It was hypothesised that endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy might take less time than endoscopic non-underwater mastoidectomy because the endoscope does not need to be removed for cleaning.MethodsThis study compared the mastoidectomy and total operative durations between the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy (n = 25) and endoscopic non-underwater drilling (control, n = 8) groups. Moreover, it compared the size of resected areas of the external auditory canal between the two groups.ResultsThe mastoidectomy time of the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The total operative time did not differ significantly between the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy and control groups (p = 0.17). The resected area was significantly larger in the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy group than in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionEndoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy enables more extensive bone resection within a shorter period.
Rewriting Calvin: Schleiermacher on the atonement and priestly office of Christ
Authors: Ralston Joshua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe burden of this essay is to show that Friedrich Schleiermacher's theology of the atonement and account of Christ's soteriological work as priest is marked by recognisably Reformed commitments and logics that both build from and critique John Calvin and later Reformed scholastics. The essay contends that it is when Schleiermacher departs strongly from orthodox conclusions regarding substitutionary atonement that he mostly clearly appeals to key aspects of Reformed theology. Put differently, when Schleiermacher critiques the material content of Reformed orthodoxy, he does so by drawing on other doctrinal claims that are fundamental in Reformed thought: the divine decree, union with Christ, the import of sanctification and the interconnection between dogmatic expression and Christian piety. Schleiermacher presents creative solutions to theological conundrums, particularly those that plague Calvin and the later Reformed tradition about the relationship between God's eternal decree of grace and the appeasement of divine wrath on the cross.
Sowing seeds of progressive revelation: Origen on the knowledge of the prophets
Authors: Troutner Timothy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany scholars dismiss Origen's theology of scriptural inspiration as hopelessly lacking in historical sensibility. They point to his anachronistic attribution to the Old Testament prophets of extensive knowledge of the details of Christ's incarnation and of the allegorical significance of their own writings. I dispute this assessment, arguing that Origen's view of prophetic knowledge is more sophisticated than scholars have recognised and can contribute to contemporary reflection on progressive revelation, both anticipating and chastening it. I conclude with three analogies Origen offers us for conceptualising the development of revelation and doctrine.
Preferences Over Foreign Migration
Authors: York Erin A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDo existing theories regarding the impact of foreign migration explain preferences in non-oecd countries? The author adapts and applies explanations for opposition to migration in the Arabian Gulf, a significant region in global migration today, using a survey experiment implemented in Qatar. The results offer a rare validation of predictions from the labor market competition model, demonstrating that individual employment circumstances are important preference determinants. Additionally, while OECD citizens prefer high-skilled migrants, Qataris are indifferent about blue- versus white-collar workers. Mediation analysis suggests that this null effect is the result of competing cultural and economic concerns over the effect of differing classes of migrants on economic and social welfare. The novel context provides a critical test case of the labor market hypothesis and offers insight into how migration preferences in the Global South differ from the Western experience.
The Long-Run Consequences of The Opium Concessions for Out-Group Animosity on Java
Authors: Kuipers Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the consequences of the opium concession system in the Dutch East Indies—a nineteenth-century institution through which the Dutch would auction the monopolistic right to sell opium in a given locality. The winners of these auctions were invariably ethnic Chinese. The poverty of Java's indigenous population combined with opium's addictive properties meant that many individuals fell into destitution. The author argues that this institution put in motion a self-reinforcing arrangement that enriched one group and embittered the other with consequences that persist to the present day. Consistent with this theory, the author finds that individuals living today in villages where the opium concession system once operated report higher levels of out-group intolerance compared to individuals in nearby unexposed counterfactual villages. These findings improve the understanding of the historical conditions that structure antagonisms between competing groups.
Neoliberalism, English, and spoiled identity: The case of a high-achieving university graduate in Hong Kong
Authors: Yeung Steven , Gray John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeoliberalism has permeated every sphere of social life, including education and language learning, seeking to produce a particular kind of subject,homo economicus, with the dispositions required to manage the self as an economic project. This article unravels the workings of the unfulfilled promise of neoliberal English education and its damaging consequences on a high-achieving female university graduate in the context of contemporary Hong Kong. Combining Marxist and Foucauldian perspectives, while simultaneously drawing on Goffman's concepts of stigma and spoiled identity, our analysis is informed by positioning theory and captures the impact of what we have termed the English language gaze on our informant's sense of self. Seen through a Foucauldian lens, the data reveal the extent, but also the limits, of her assimilation of neoliberal governmentality, while the Marxist lens allows us to account for her plight in terms of alienation and the resulting stigma of a spoiled identity. (Neoliberalism, governmentality, alienation, stigma, spoiled identity, English learning, English language gaze)*
Prospects of porous concrete as a plant-growing medium and structural component for green roofs: a review
Authors: Rahman Md Sazan , MacPherson Sarah , Lefsrud Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGreen roof technology can partially mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization by controlling stormwater runoff, pre-filtering water, minimizing climate change outcomes and reducing heat island effects. However, improvements to current green roof systems and innovative approaches are paramount to advancing environmental benefits and consumer acceptance of this technology. Regular green roofs are hindered by high cost and mass, as well as the incorporation of large amounts of polymers. Hydroponic green roofs (HGRs) require specific setups, maintenance and frequent replacement of plant-growing substrate, with limited energy savings in the heating and cooling load of the building due to the space between the roof surface and the hydroponic setup. In this review, a comparison of regular and HGRs is provided, and research into the environmental benefits of these technologies, including stormwater control, water purification and lifecycle assessment, is summarized. Following this, the prospect of porous concrete (PC), as a combined plant-growth substrate and structural layer in a novel extensive hydroponic green roof (EHGR) design is proposed, through a compilation and analysis of recent studies reporting the feasibility of this construction material for different applications. The mechanical, hydrological and vegetative properties of PC are discussed. Finally, a new green roof system that incorporates both PC and hydroponics, termed the EHGR system, is presented. This new green roof system may help offset the effects of urbanization by providing stormwater and pollution control, runoff delay and physical and thermal benefits, while concurrently producing biomass from a reusable substrate.
Wave, Vortex and Wave‐Vortex Dipole (Instability Wave): Three Flavors of the Intra‐Seasonal Variability of the North Equatorial Undercurrent
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Feng Ling , Köhl Armin , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntra‐seasonal variations have been frequently observed in the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) jets, yet their dynamical nature remains elusive. Based on field observations and model results, we identify three flavors of the ISVs: Wave (accounting for 10%), wave‐vortex dipole (WVD) (20%) and vortex (70%). The wave flavor refers to a Rossby wave, the WVD flavor consists of a pair of counter‐rotating vortices, and the vortex flavor refers to a sub‐thermocline monopole eddy. To our knowledge, the WVD is identified for the first time and is found characterized by a unique dynamical feature: It manifests both as a second baroclinic mode‐like Rossby wave and as a pair of dipole‐like sub‐thermocline eddies. It is further identified as a second baroclinic mode‐like Rossby wave‐initiated instability wave in an equilibrium being fueled by baroclinic conversion. These results indicate that mesoscale instability waves are an important component of subthermocline intra‐seasonal and mesoscale variations.
Formation Mechanisms of the Molecular Ion Polar Plume and Its Contribution to Ion Escape From Mars
Authors: Sakakura Kotaro , Seki Kanako , Sakai Shotaro , Sakata Ryoya , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Brain David A. , McFadden James P. , Halekas Jasper S. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Jakosky Bruce M. , Terada Naoki , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated the formation mechanism of a molecular ion plume and its contribution to ion escape based on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations from November 2014 to October 2019 and numerical models. Here, we report a CO2+‐rich plume event and a statistical study of the molecular ion plume. MAVEN observed a CO2+‐rich plume event, in which the maximum CO2+ escape flux is approximately 4.2 × 106 cm−2s−1, on 28 August 2015 under strong solar wind dynamic pressure conditions. A numerical simulation using strong solar wind dynamic pressure conditions from the event suggested that the molecular ion plume is formed by deep penetration of the solar wind‐induced electric field, which is caused by strong solar wind dynamic pressure. A statistical study showed that CO2+ plume events tend to be observed under high solar wind dynamic pressure and strong electric field conditions. This tendency is consistent with the formation mechanism of the molecular ion plume suggested by the event study. The O2+ plume does not show the same tendency. This is because O2+ ions are abundant in the high‐altitude ionosphere, and O2+ plumes can be formed even under weak solar wind conditions. The subsolar crustal magnetic fields tend to prevent the formation of the molecular ion plume by shielding the ionosphere from the solar wind. The escape rate ratio is approximately 45:53:3 during the whole statistical survey period, suggesting that a molecular ion plume from the ionosphere is a non negligible ion escape channel from Mars.
Including Tides Improves Subtidal Prediction in a Region of Strong Surface and Internal Tides and Energetic Mesoscale Circulation
Authors: Kerry Colette G. , Powell Brian S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModel predictions of the oceanic subtidal circulation have typically excluded the tides, assuming that tides have little influence on subtidal flows. The deterministic surface (barotropic) tide can be removed from observations for assimilation, yet the surface tides may have important impacts on subtidal circulation in shelf regions with flow‐on effects to the deep ocean. Internal (baroclinic) tides are non‐deterministic so must be included as observation error for assimilation if they are not resolved by the model. Using Twin Experiments with 4‐D Variational Data Assimilation, we examine the influence of the principal semidiurnal (M2) tide on the predictability of the subtidal ocean circulation in the South China and Philippine Seas. We find that including tides in our model significantly improved subtidal predictions across the region. This results from both the influence of tidal dynamics on the subtidal circulation, and from higher prior errors prescribed to the observations when the model does not resolve the internal tide signal. The tides are particularly important for predictions of temperature in the South China Sea and Kuroshio Current where tidal mixing influences water mass properties. In the Philippine Sea deep basin, improved predictability results from resolving the internal tides allowing smaller prior errors to be prescribed to the assimilated Sea Surface Height and subsurface observations. This study illustrates the importance of including tides to accurately predict subtidal circulation in a region of strong surface and internal tides and energetic mesoscale circulation and including a significant Western Boundary Current region.
Contribution of the Precipitation‐Recycling Process to the Wetting Trend in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Wang Shanshan , He Yongli , Ren Yu , Huang Jianping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractXinjiang, China has experienced a significant wetting trend since the mid‐1980s in the context of climate warming. However, the features and mechanism associated with the water cycles in this region remain unclear. In this study, the contributions of the precipitation‐recycling process to the wet‐season (May‐August) wetting trend are investigated using a dynamic recycling model and the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application version 2 reanalysis product from 1982 to 2020. The results show that the mean precipitation recycling ratio is 37.91%, implying that Xinjiang precipitation is mainly contributed by external moisture. Moreover, the recycling ratio exhibits a significantly increasing trend of 2.29% per decade, and this increased recycled precipitation contributes 55.55% to the wet‐season wetting trend in Xinjiang. The amount of externally advected moisture transported to Xinjiang has also increased in recent decades, accounting for 44.45% of the wetting trend. Further analysis reveals that a deepening anomalous trough over Central Asia accompanied by strengthening moisture inflow through the southwest and south boundaries induce the increased inflow of moisture to Xinjiang, thereby increasing external‐cycle precipitation in Xinjiang. Along with the strengthened ascending movement in the lower troposphere, the increasing atmospheric moisture content induced by enhanced evapotranspiration is beneficial for recycling precipitation in Xinjiang. These results imply that both the internal and external water cycles deserve further attention when exploring the wetting phenomenon in Xinjiang.
Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland
Authors: Buser‐Young Jessica Z. , Peck Erin K. , Chace Peter , Lapham Laura L. , Vizza Carmella , Colwell Frederick S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐latitude, coastal wetland biogeochemistry is dynamic in response to climate change, and yet we do not understand, and thus cannot fully predict, how crucial aspects of these systems will change in the future. Temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere have disproportionately increased 4°C in 30 years causing the rate of deglaciation to increase significantly in global high‐latitude river deltas. This will have a prolonged effect on local microbiome metabolism and biodiversity of the subsurface, influencing solid, liquid, and gaseous compounds in the system. Using sediment geochemical analyses, autonomous sampling techniques, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we have identified key processes that occur in the Copper River Delta, AK, a model system to study high‐latitude watersheds during rapid climate change. We calculated carbon accumulation rates upwards of 520 ± 60 g C m−2 yr−1 in outwash pond sediments nearest to the glaciers, which co‐occurred with pronounced suboxic peaks in Fe (III) and Mn (II). Sediment microbial communities across the outwash ponds are structured on the basis of total iron and manganese concentrations, proximity to glaciers, and organic matter content. Additionally, we revealed no methane accumulation in the ponds during ice‐cover, despite high organic matter content. High‐latitude wetland ecosystems are not only influenced by the changing climate, but also have the potential to impact carbon cycling considering high carbon burial rates. These findings show the importance of understanding changing biogeochemical processes in high‐latitude wetlands, as they have the potential to influence carbon cycling.