bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastoplastic fracture analysis of thin notched AA7075‐AA2024 dissimilar friction‐stir‐welded plates under mixed mode I/II loading
Authors: Torabi Ali Reza , Saboori Behnam , Mirzavand Moslem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this research, fracture of friction‐stir welding (FSW) of AA2024‐T3 and AA7075‐T6 aluminum alloys weakened by notches is studied. In the experimental part, a rectangular specimen, called U‐notched diagonally loaded square plate (UNDLSP) and made of welded AA2024‐T3 and AA7075‐T6 aluminum alloys, is used for fracture tests under pure mode I and mixed mode I/II loading conditions. For fracture tests, different notch tip radii and different ratios of loading mode combinations are considered. In the theoretical part, due to ductility of the material under test, combination of the equivalent material concept (EMC) with two brittle fracture criteria (maximum tangential stress and mean stress criteria) is used to predict the load‐bearing capacity (LBC) of the samples. By comparing the experimental and theoretical results, it is revealed that both criteria in combination with EMC are able to predict the LBC of the U‐notched samples well and with high accuracy.
Synergistic effect of Abraxane that combines human IL15 fused with an albumin‐binding domain on murine models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hsu Fei‐Ting , Tsai Chang Liang , Chiang I‐Tsang , Lan Keng‐Hsueh , Yueh Po‐Fu , Liang Wen‐Yi , Lin Chi‐Shuo , Chao Yee , Lan Keng‐Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNab‐paclitaxel (Abraxane), which is a nanoparticle form of albumin‐bound paclitaxel, is one of the standard chemotherapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study determined the effect of Abraxane in combination with a fusion protein, hIL15‐ABD, on subcutaneous Panc02 and orthotopic KPC C57BL/6 murine PDAC models. Abraxane combined with hIL15‐ABD best suppressed tumour growth and produced a 40%–60% reduction in the tumour size for Panc02 and KPC, compared to the vehicle group. In the combination group, the active form of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐secreting CD8+ T cells and CD11b+CD86+ M1 macrophages in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were increased. In the tumour drainage lymph nodes (TDLNs) of the combination group, there was a 18% reduction in CD8+IFN‐γ+ T cells and a 0.47% reduction in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, as opposed to 5.0% and 5.1% reductions, respectively, for the control group. Superior suppression of CD11b+GR‐1+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the induction of M1 macrophages in the spleen and bone marrow of mice were found in the combination group. Abraxane and hIL15‐ABD effectively suppressed NF‐κB‐mediated immune suppressive markers, including indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), Foxp3 and VEGF. In conclusion, Abraxane combined with hIL15‐ABD stimulates the anticancer activity of effector cells, inhibits immunosuppressive cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, and produces a greater inhibitory effect than individual monotherapies.
In Vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous acute graft‐versus‐host disease: concordance with histopathology and interobserver reproducibility of a glossary with representative images
Authors: Saknite I. , Gill M. , Alessi‐Fox C. , Zwerner J.P. , Lehman J.S. , Shinohara M.M. , Novoa R.A. , Chen H. , Byrne M. , Gonzalez S. , Ardigo M. , Tkaczyk E.R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reliability to non‐invasively identify features of inflammatory dermatoses by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) remains unknown. Lack of formal training among RCM readers can result in inconsistent assessments, limiting clinical utility. Specific consensus terminology with representative images is necessary to ensure consistent feature‐level interpretation among RCM readers.Objectives(1) Develop a glossary with representative images of RCM features of cutaneous acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) for consistent interpretation among observers, (2) assess the interobserver reproducibility among RCM readers using the glossary, and (3) determine the concordance between RCM and histopathology for aGVHD features.MethodsThrough an iterative process of refinement and discussion among five international RCM experts, we developed a glossary with representative images of RCM features of aGVHD. From April to November 2018, patients suspected of aGVHD were imaged with RCM and subsequently biopsied. 17 lesions from 12 patients had clinically and pathologically confirmed cutaneous aGVHD. For each of these lesions, four dermatopathologists and four RCM readers independently evaluated the presence of aGVHD features in scanned histopathology slides and 1.5 × 1.5 mm RCM submosaics at 4 depths (blockstacks) respectively. RCM cases were adjudicated by a fifth RCM expert. Interobserver reproducibility was calculated by mean pairwise difference (U statistic). Concordance between modalities was determined by fraction of assignments with agreement.ResultsWe present a glossary with representative images of 18 aGVHD features by RCM. The average interobserver reproducibility among RCM readers (75%, confidence interval, CI: 71–79%) did not differ significantly from dermatopathologists (80%, 76–85%). The concordance between RCM and histopathology was 59%.ConclusionsBy using the glossary, the interobserver reproducibility among RCM readers was similar to the interobserver reproducibility among dermatopathologists. There was reasonable concordance between RCM and histopathology to visualize aGVHD features. The implementation of RCM can now be advanced in a variety of inflammatory conditions with a validated glossary and representative image set.
Long‐term, durable, absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and health‐related quality of life improvements with risankizumab treatment: a post hoc integrated analysis of patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis
Authors: Gooderham M. , Pinter A. , Ferris L.K. , Warren R.B. , Zhan T. , Zeng J. , Soliman A.M. , Kaufmann C. , Kaplan B. , Photowala H. , Strober B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisankizumab has demonstrated durable, high rates of efficacy in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis as assessed by the achievement of relative Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) improvement and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 0/1.ObjectivesThe aim of this post hoc analysis is to assess the achievement of absolute PASI thresholds and related improvements in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated with (i) risankizumab compared with ustekinumab, and (ii) long‐term (>52 weeks to 172 weeks) risankizumab.MethodsData from patients randomised to 150 mg risankizumab or 45 or 90 mg ustekinumab in replicate randomised controlled trials UltIMMa‐1 and UltIMMa‐2 were analysed for the achievement of absolute PASI thresholds PASI ≤ 3, PASI ≤ 1, and PASI = 0, time to achieve these thresholds, and combined PASI and DLQI endpoints. Data from pat ients initially randomised to risankizumab who continued on risankizumab in the open‐label extension study LIMMitless were analysed for the achievement of absolute PASI levels, mean DLQI scores, and DLQI 0/1.ResultsSignificantly greater proportions of patients treated with risankizumab compared with ustekinumab achieved PASI ≤ 3, PASI ≤ 1, and PASI = 0, as well as combined endpoints for absolute PASI and DLQI [(PASI ≤ 3 and DLQI ≤ 5) or (PASI ≤ 1 and DLQI 0/1)]. The median time to first achieve PASI ≤ 3, PASI ≤ 1, and PASI = 0 was significantly lower for risankizumab‐treated patients compared with ustekinumab‐treated patients. Among patients treated with long‐term risankizumab, more than 90% achieved PASI ≤ 3 though week 172 and more than 80% achieved DLQI 0/1. Low absolute PASI scores corresponded with low mean absolute DLQI scores through week 172 of continuous risankizumab treatment.ConclusionsRisankizumab treatment demonstrated high rates of rapid and durable efficacy as measured by absolute PASI thresholds and improvements in patient HRQoL.
Biogenesis and metabolic homeostasis of trypanosomatid glycosomes: New insights and new questions
Authors: Michels Paul A. M. , Gualdrón‐López Melisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKinetoplastea and Diplonemea possess peroxisome‐related organelles that, uniquely, contain most of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and are hence called glycosomes. Enzymes of several other core metabolic pathways have also been located in glycosomes, in addition to some characteristic peroxisomal systems such as pathways of lipid metabolism. A considerable amount of research has been performed on glycosomes of trypanosomes since their discovery four decades ago. Not only the role of the glycosomal enzyme systems in the overall cell metabolism appeared to be unique, but also the organelles display remarkable features regarding their biogenesis and structural properties. These features are similar to those of the well‐studied peroxisomes of mammalian and plant cells and yeasts yet exhibit also differences reflecting the large evolutionary distance between these protists and the representatives of other major eukaryotic lineages. Despite all research performed, many questions remain about various properties and the biological roles of glycosomes and peroxisomes. Here, we review the current knowledge about glycosomes, often comparing it with information about peroxisomes. Furthermore, we highlight particularly many questions that remain about the biogenesis, and the heterogeneity in structure and content of these enigmatic organelles, and the properties of their boundary membrane.
Mobile Collateral versus Immobile Collateral
Authors: GORTON GARY , LAARITS TOOMAS , MUIR TYLER 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe financial architecture prior to the recent financial crisis was a system of mobile collateral. Safe debt, whether government bonds or privately produced bonds, that is, asset‐backed securities, could be traded, posted as collateral, and rehypothecated, moving to their highest value use. Since the financial crisis, regulatory changes to the financial architecture have aimed to make collateral immobile, most notably with the BIS liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) for banks that requires that (net) short‐term (uninsured) bank debt (e.g., repo) be backed one‐for‐one with high‐quality bonds. We evaluate this immobile capital system with reference to a previous structurally identical regime that also required that short‐term bank debt be backed by Treasury debt one‐for‐one: the U.S. National Banking Era. The experience of the U.S. National Banking Era suggests that the LCR is unlikely to reduce financial fragility and may increase it.
Effects of repeated use of a commercial topical lotion on subcutaneous fat thickness in resistance‐trained male athletes
Authors: Peos Jackson J , Ong Julian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study tested whether subcutaneous fat loss is enhanced via application of a popular topical fat loss lotion. Twenty resistance‐trained men (mean ± SD age of 26.3 ± 6.3 years and weight of 86.8 ± 11.1 kg) had a topical fat‐loss lotion containing Coleus forskholii, Silybin, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Paullinia cupana seed, caffeine, and black pepper essential oil applied twice daily for 8 weeks to the front and lateral thigh of one of the participant's leg, and a placebo control lotion was applied to the same sites on the other leg. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the placebo and treatment legs for the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the front thigh (p = 0.73) or for leg fat percentage (p = 0.52). However, there was a slight, yet significant difference in the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the lateral thigh favoring the treatment leg (−0.42 vs +0.75 mm, p = 0.029), but with this difference disappearing depending on the statistical tests being used. Only 2/19 participants perceived a difference in fat loss in response to each condition. Although the topical lotion tested here resulted in statistically significantly greater subcutaneous fat loss at the lateral but not front thigh, this effect was very small, contingent upon the statistical test being used, and unperceivable by the participants themselves.
Nail and hair findings developing in patients treated for COVID‐19 infection fluorescence of keratinized tissues on Wood’s lamp in COVID‐19 disease
Authors: Çoban Kübra , Durusoy Çiçek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) is the causative agent of coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐2019) disease. A wide variety of symptoms of the disease has been frequently reported in the literature in recent years. However, information on the findings in keratinized tissues is still limited. Data on changes in keratinized tissues such as nails, teeth and hair, and oral mucousa due to drugs used in the treatment of this disease are also extremely insufficient.AimWith this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in the keratinized tissues of our patients with COVID‐19, who are frequently encountered in the Ear Nose and Throat outpatient clinic.Materials and MethodThe study was carried out on patients who applied to Başkent University Ear Nose and Throat clinic. There were 3 groups. The first group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and received relevant medical treatments, the second group included individuals who have never experienced COVID‐19 infection but have been vaccinated against COVID‐19, and the third group is the control group with normal healthy individuals who have never been diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection and have not been vaccinated so far. With the Wood's lamp, fluorescent changes in nails, hair, tooth, and the oral mucousa were recorded.ResultsA total of 124(75 females, 49 males) patients were included in the study. Positive Wood's finding was significantly higher in COVID‐19 group(Group 1) who received Favipravir when compared with individuals who did not receive Favipravir (p < 0.001). Wood's positivity was not detected in any of the individuals who did not use favipravir. The rate of determining Wood's positivity in favipravir users decreases after 58 days.DiscussionAccordingly, Favipravir accumulation in the kretainized tissues manifest positive Wood's sign in our study.ConclusionThe adverse effects of the accumulation of the drugs—mainly Favipravir—used in the treatment of COVID‐19 disease, have not yet been clearly demonstrated so far. Revealing the findings in these tissues with this study will pave the way for investigating changes or drug sequestrations in other organs in the long term.
Implementation Factors and Teacher Experience of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program: A Mixed Methods Program Evaluation
Authors: Bergling Emily , Pendleton Divyani , Shore Emily , Harpin Scott , Whitesell Nancy , Puma Jini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchool‐based programs are widely implemented to address childhood obesity. Despite the promise of these programs, evidence on their effectiveness is mixed. Adopting a dissemination and implementation (D&I) science focus utilizing mixed methods can provide a broader understanding and more robust details about these programs. The goal of this evaluation is to understand how implementation factors and teacher experience influence implementation success and outcomes of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), an elementary school‐based nutrition program, using a mixed‐methods design.MethodsReach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework guided the development of the evaluation and multiple methods were deployed. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the association between D&I construct variables within levels of influence and teacher perception of INEP impact from a quantitative end‐of‐year teacher survey. Follow‐up qualitative interviews with teachers were analyzed using constant comparison analysis.ResultsWorkload and burden emerged as significant factors related to implementation in the quantitative analysis. The follow‐up qualitative data collection identified other factors teachers found important to the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of INEP.ConclusionResults of this evaluation can be used to inform program improvement efforts for INEP and provide information on ways to promote reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of similar school‐based health promotion programs.
The “Nazas Arc” is a continental rift province: Implications for Mesozoic tectonic reconstructions of the southwest Cordillera, U.S. and Mexico
Authors: Busby C.J. , Centeno-García E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe reject the notion of a Jurassic continental arc in eastern Mexico, termed the “Nazas arc,” on geologic grounds. Instead, we propose that the Jurassic continental arc of the SW Cordilleran U.S. and northern Sonora, Mexico, passed southward into the oceanic realm and is represented by Jurassic arc volcanic and plutonic rocks that fringed the Mexican paleo-Pacific margin, which are currently found in the western Peninsular Ranges of southern California, USA, and Baja California, the Vizcaino Peninsula of Baja California, and western mainland Mexico. To show this, we present a summary of the geologic features of a continental arc, using the geology of the southern end of the Jurassic continental arc, in southern Arizona and northern Sonora. These features include multi-kilometer–thick sections of volcanic rock; large volcanic centers, including silicic calderas; major eruptive units that can be correlated for distances of 100 km or more; abundant, large plutonic suites; and continuity of these features for distances of hundreds of kilometers along the length of the continental arc. Then we show that the “Nazas arc” consists of scattered, small continental rift basins with thin (meters to tens of meters thick) volcanic sections at the base of clastic sections that are hundreds of meters thick. Plutonic rocks are entirely absent from the “Nazas arc,” despite the fact that post-Jurassic tectonic events should have exposed them if they existed. This paper also presents a tabulation of all published U-Pb zircon dates in the Jurassic continental arc of southern Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora (Table 1A), and in the “Nazas arc” of eastern Mexico (Table 1B), with ages, methods, the rock type dated, and notes on geologic relations. We use this to detail the abundance of thick, laterally extensive volcanic sections and large plutonic suites in a continental arc (the Jurassic arc of southern Arizona–northern Sonora), which contrasts sharply with the “Nazas arc.”The term “Nazas arc” has been in widespread usage for volcanic rocks in eastern Mexico for decades in many dozens of papers, and it is portrayed as a 2000-km-long, 250-km-wide belt that extends from Sonora through eastern Mexico to Chiapas. It has been misunderstood to form a subduction-related silicic large igneous province (SLIP), and it has been proposed that the Gulf of Mexico formed as a backarc basin behind the “Nazas arc.” The “Nazas arc” model also requires an east-dipping subduction zone under Mexico, and a separate west-dipping subduction zone under the oceanic arc rocks of western Mexico, which those models portray as an exotic arc, despite the presence of abundant detrital zircon from the Mexican margin. We urge workers to abandon the term “Nazas arc” and replace it with “Nazas rift province,” which represents continental rift basins formed during the breakup of Pangea.
Linking out-of-hospital deaths with a regional hospital-based firearm injury database: a clinical researcher’s guide to accessing data from the National Death Index
Authors: Mueller Kristen , Cooper Benjamin P , Moran Vicki , Mancini Michael , Foraker Randi E 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFirearm injuries are a public health crisis in the US. The National Death Index (NDI) is a well-established, comprehensive database managed by the National Center for Health Statistics at the CDC. In this methodology paper we describe our experience accessing and linking data from the NDI to our regional, hospital-based violent injury database to identify out-of-hospital deaths from firearms.MethodsWe outline the key steps of our submission to the NDI. Data were collected from research team meeting notes, team member emails with NDI staff, and information provided from the NDI website and supplementary guides. Few of our collaborators or university partner investigators had accessed or used data from the NDI. We discuss the online NDI Processing Portal data request, data preparation and receipt from the NDI, troubleshooting tips, and a timeline of events.ResultsOur query to the NDI returned 12 034 records of 12 219 firearm-injured patient records from 2010 and 2019. The record match rate was 98.5%.DiscussionLinking hospital-based data sets with NDI data can provide valuable information on out-of-hospital deaths. This has the potential to improve the quality of longitudinal morbidity and mortality calculations in hospital-based patient cohorts. We encountered logistic and administrative challenges in completing the online NDI Processing Portal and in preparing and receiving data from the NDI. It is our hope that the lessons learnt presented herein will help facilitate easy and streamlined acquisition of valuable NDI data for other clinical researchers.What this study adds:- A step-by-step guide for clinical researchers of how to apply to access data from the National Death Index (NDI).- Advice and lessons learned on how to efficiently and effectively access data from the NDI.- A well-described methodology to improve the quality of longitudinal morbdity and mortality calculations in hospital-based cohorts of firearm injured patients.What is already known on this subject:- There is a need for robust, longitudinal data sources that reliably track morbidity and mortality among firearm injured patients in the United States.- The NDI is a well-established, comprehensive database that holds death records for all 50 states, which provides valuable mortality data to the public health and medical research community.
Uncovering the advertising and promotional strategies of tobacco companies in Cambodia: recall of below-the-line marketing among young male smokers
Authors: Stubbs Thomas , White Victoria M , Kong Mom , Toumbourou John W 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTobacco companies have used below-the-line marketing in novel ways to promote their brands to youth in low/middle-income countries in Southeast Asia. This study explores how young male smokers in Cambodia experience below-the-line marketing strategies.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit 147 young male smokers (18–24 years) in Cambodia in early 2020. Local research assistants conducted mixed-methods interviews with participants in Khmer or English. Participants recalled exposure to below-the-line marketing strategies and provided in-depth descriptions about their experiences with individual sales promotions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results54% of participants recalled exposure to at least one below-the-line marketing strategy, including point-of-sale promotions (32.7%), individual sales promotions (27.9%) and online advertising (14.3%). Participants described individual sales promotions in public settings, and recalled that promoters were mostly female, attractive and targeted young males. Tactics used to encourage young people to accept promotional offers included free cigarettes and sample packets, swapping current cigarettes for new brands and collecting consumer details after interviewing. The brands and product features of cigarettes being promoted were readily described by participants.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that illegal below-the-line marketing is still occurring in Cambodia, and increased monitoring and enforcement of advertising restrictions is needed.