bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development Goal 13 and Switching Priorities: Addressing Climate Change in the Context of Pandemic Recovery Efforts
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Minhas Aprajita , Schmook Birgit , Mardero Sofia , Sharifi Ayyoob , Paz Shlomit , Kovaleva Marina , Albertini Maria Cristina , Skouloudis Antonis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had many deep social and economic impacts that go beyond health issues. One consequence is that the pandemic has made it even harder to mobilize the financial resources needed to pursue SDG 13 (Climate Action) as a whole and to fund climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in particular. This is especially acute in respect of the efforts to achieve the targets set by the Paris Agreement and by the recent decisions in Glasgow. This paper looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated poverty and undermined climate change adaptation efforts, as a result of the switches in priorities and funding. Using a review of the recent literature, an analysis of international trends, and a survey among climate scientists, it identifies some of the impacts of the pandemic on climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts and discusses their implications. The findings indicate a decrease in funding to climate change research since the pandemic crisis. The bibliometric analysis reveals that a greater emphasis has been placed on the relationship between COVID-19 and poverty when compared to the interrelations between COVID-19 and climate change. Addressing climate change is as urgent now as it was since the pandemic crisis started, and efforts need to be made to upkeep the levels of funding needed to support research in this field.
Rectal swabs as a viable alternative to faecal sampling for the analysis of gut microbiota functionality and composition
Authors: Mullish Benjamin H , Radhakrishnan Shiva T , Gallagher Kate I , Serrano-Contreras Jose I , Alexander James L , Blanco Jesus Miguens , Danckert Nathan P , Valdivia-Garcia Maria , Hopkins Billy J , Ghai Anik , Li Jia V , Marchesi Julian R , Williams Horace RT 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Faecal or biopsy samples are frequently used to analyse the gut microbiota, but issues remain with the provision and collection of such samples. Rectal swabs are widely-utilised in clinical practice and previous data demonstrate their potential role in microbiota analyses; however, studies to date have been heterogenous, and there is a particular lack of data concerning the utility of swabs for the analysis of the microbiota’s functionality and metabolome. We compared paired stool and rectal swab samples from healthy individuals to investigate whether rectal swabs are a reliable proxy for faecal sampling. There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity measures between swab and faecal samples, and inter-subject variability was preserved. Additionally, no significant differences were demonstrated in abundance of major annotated phyla. Inferred gut functionality using Tax4Fun2 showed excellent correlation between the two sampling techniques (Pearson’s coefficient r = 0.9217, P < 0.0001). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy enabled the detection of 20 metabolites with good correlation between rectal swab and faecal samples for butyrate, succinate and 5-aminovalerate relative abundances, though more variable degrees of association for other identified metabolites. These data support the utility of rectal swabs in both compositional and functional analyses of the gut microbiota.
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) responds to exogenous ascorbic acid and irrigation levels
Authors: Henschel Juliane Maciel , Soares Vanessa de Azevedo , Figueiredo Mateus Caldeira , Santos Sabrina Kelly dos , Dias Thiago Jardelino , Batista Diego Silva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plant growth and development depend on water availability and a scarcity or excess can reduce the production of root crops such as radishes. Thus, adequate irrigation levels for radish plants are essential avoid water stress, and to develop strategies to overcome negative stress effects to improve tuber production. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation levels on radish growth, biomass allocation and gas exchange. Radish plants were irrigated with a water holding capacity (WHC) of 100% (W100), 70% (W70) and 50% (W50) and foliar sprayed with 0 and 2 mM AA. Growth parameters (root diameter, length and volume; and leaf number and area), biomass accumulation (shoot and root fresh weight; shoot, root and total dry weight), biomass allocation (shoot/root ratio and organ mass fractions) and gas exchange (carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency) were evaluated. The growth of radish plants was impaired when irrigated with W100, probably due to waterlogging the soil, which reduced shoot and root growth and the carbon assimilation rate (A) compared with W50 and W70. Ascorbic acid affected biomass allocation and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), but not growth and biomass accumulation. W70 was the optimal condition for radish growth and biomass accumulation, regardless of exogenous AA.
Purple BB#10 development in ×Brassicoraphanus koranhort using turnip-intercalated radish chromosomes
Authors: Lee Soo-Seong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The nidomi cultivar (introduction number 166) of Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera (turnip) was crossed, after emasculation, with Raphanus sativus var. rafinistrum lr. (landrace) gaetmoo (radish no. 45) to breed a fine-root variety. One seed was harvested. The turnip had already been intercalated with B-genome (166*) and one seed was not crossed and delivered chromosome pieces of Raphanus (166**). The intercalation and absence of hybridization were confirmed by marker and chromosome investigations at the C2F2 generation, when two plants of CMSBB#1-11 × 166**-1-1 (C1F2) produced only one and two seeds in a cross with BB#1. When cultivated, CMSBB#1-7 × 166**-1-2 (C2F2) produced seeds at 21.7% and 20.0% the amount of standard BB#1, and some purple plants were present in the 21.7% line. The purple plants presumably reflect intercalation with radish chromosomes at the pollination stage of the intergeneric hybrid. Three selected purple plants exhibited abundant pollen and were fertile, although they had previously been crossed with CMS-BB#1. Therefore, the pedigree method could be carried out for these plants (C2F2), and the seed production showed great improvement at the C2F4 generation. The purple plant was named BB#10; the pigment, glucoraphenin and glucoraphasatin, and chromosome constitution (C2F5) were analyzed. Purple BB#10 was registered in 2019 (C2F6).
Biotechnological interventions in Orchids: Recent updates, Translational success, and Commercial outcomes
Authors: Tiwari Pragya , Sharma Abhishek , Bose Subir Kumar , Gautam Ashutosh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Orchids constitute the largest and most diverse group of flowering plants and are classified in Orchidaceae. Exhibiting significance as the most exotic and ubiquitous flowering plants, the cultivation of orchids on a commercial level, is gaining momentum worldwide. In addition to its ornamental and aesthetic value, the orchid industry has been successful in generating employment for people in developing countries. Recent advances in biotechnological interventions in orchids have substantially contributed to the development of exotic varieties with novel traits, not to forget the inputs of traditional plant breeding methods and tissue culture approaches. In addition, the scientific developments in orchid biology have remarkably improved the knowledge in areas of orchid biology, classification, phytochemistry, and cultivation strategies, among other areas. This has facilitated the commercialization of novel varieties, opening new avenues in the orchid industry, witnessed as cultivation of different varieties and globally marketed as a cut flower and artificially propagated plants. The orchids constitute the first floriculture crops, which revolutionized the orchid industry, however, it also withholds several challenges in natural propagation, several species facing extinction. International organizations like CITES have come forward to address challenges associated with illegal global trade and indiscriminate use of orchid varieties, aiming towards conservation and legal commercial goals. This thematic review is one of a kind in providing comprehensive insights on the emerging momentum of orchid biology and how its globalization projects to considerably impact the orchid industry in the coming time. Together with traditional breeding approaches and plant tissue culture, advances in biotechnological interventions continues to make substantial progress in the development of exotic varieties, with multi-faceted attributes. However, it is imperative to understand the challenges in the cultivation and conservation of orchid varieties and ensure legislative guidelines both on domestic and global levels to ensure a multipronged approach for the conservation and commercialization of orchids.
Ectopic expression of sericin enables efficient production of ancient silk with structural changes in silkworm
Authors: Chen Xuedong , Wang Yongfeng , Wang Yujun , Li Qiuying , Liang Xinyin , Wang Guang , Sima Yang-Hu , Xu Shiqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bombyx mori silk is a super-long natural protein fiber with a unique structure and excellent performance. Innovative silk structures with high performance are in great demand, thus resulting in an industrial bottleneck. Herein, a transgenic method was used in which the outer layer sericin SER3 in silk is secreted into the inner fibroin layer, thus generating a new structural fiber with non-fibrous sericin microsomes dispersed in fibroin fibrils. The water-soluble SER3 protein secreted by the posterior silk gland causes P25’s detachment from the fibroin unit of the Fib-H/Fib-L/P25 polymer and accumulation on the fibroin surface. Moreover, the water solubility and stability of the fibroin-colloid in the silk glandular cavity are increased, thus significantly improving the β-sheet content of fibroin, as well as the mechanical properties, moisture absorption and moisture liberation of the silk fiber. Our silkworm mutant system circumvents the problems of low vitality and abnormal silk gland development, and enables higher production efficiency of cocoon silk than that of the wild type. We describe a silk gland transgenic target protein selection strategy to alter the ancient silk fiber structure and to innovate the properties of silk protein materials. This study thus provides an efficient, green method to produce new silk fibers.
MHCII Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain via Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Microglia of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Gong Zhihao , Tian Mi , Zhang Yuxin , Wu Jingxiang , You Xingji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As one of the causes of bone cancer pain (BCP), central hyperalgesia has more and more supporting evidences recently. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in emotional disorders associated with BCP. Major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is a key component in regulating anti-inflammatory response and antigen presentation. This study aims to investigate whether MHCII of the mPFC participates in the BCP. Rat model of BCP was established by injecting Walker 256 cells into the tibia. BCP-induced decreased pain threshold, increased the expression of MHCII and the downstream protein CTSS, CD74 and upstream protein CIITA in mPFC, and the upregulation of MHCII in the mPFC of BCP rats was restricted in microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of MHCII by intraperitoneal injecting minocycline provides relief from BCP. Importantly, the upregulation of MHCII is accompanied by significant NLRP3 inflammasome activated and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α) released in the mPFC of BCP rats. Taken together, our data suggest that MHCII participates in BCP by activating inflammasome in microglia of the mPFC.
Neural mechanisms underlying state mental fatigue: a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Authors: Salihu Abubakar Tijjani , Hill Keith D , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sustained performance of cognitive tasks could lead to the development of state mental fatigue characterized by subjective sensation of mental weariness and decrease in cognitive performance. In addition to the occupational hazards associated with mental fatigue, it can also affect physical performance reducing endurance, balance, and sport-specific technical skills. Similarly, mental fatigue is a common symptom in certain chronic health conditions such as multiple sclerosis affecting quality of life of the patients. Despite its widely acknowledged negative impact, the neural mechanisms underlining this phenomenon are still not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies investigating the effect of mental fatigue due to time-on-task (TOT) on brain activity to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Studies were included if they examined change in brain activity induced by experimental mental fatigue (TOT effect) or investigated the relationship between brain activity and subjective mental fatigue due to TOT. 33 studies met the review’s inclusion criteria, 13 of which were included in meta-analyses. Results of the meta-analyses revealed a decrease in activity with TOT in brain areas that constitute the cognitive control network. Additionally, an increased activity with TOT, as well as negative relationship with subjective mental fatigue was found in parts of the default mode network of the brain. The changes in cognitive control and the default mode networks of the brain due to state mental fatigue observed in this study can be explained based on the “neurotoxic waste disposal” theory of mental fatigue.
A Dual-Center Cohort Study on The Association Between Early Deep Sedation and Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the COVID-SED Study
Authors: Stephens Robert J. , Evans Erin M. , Pajor Michael J. , Pappal Ryan D. , Egan Haley M. , Wei Max , Hayes Hunter , Morris Jason A. , Becker Nicholas , Roberts Brian W. , Kollef Marin H. , Mohr Nicholas M. , Fuller Brian M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Mechanically ventilated patients have experienced greater periods of prolonged deep sedation during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Multiple studies from the pre-COVID era demonstrate that early deep sedation is associated with worse outcome. Despite this, there is a lack of data on sedation depth and its impact on outcome for mechanically ventilated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to characterize the emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU) sedation practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine if early deep sedation was associated with worse clinical outcomes.Study Design and Methods: Dual-center, retrospective cohort study conducted over six months (March – August, 2020), involving consecutive, mechanically ventilated adults. All sedation-related data during the first 48 hours were collected. Deep sedation was defined as Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of -3 to -5 or Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale of 1 – 3. To examine impact of early sedation depth on hospital mortality (primary outcome) we used a multivariable logistic regression model. Secondary outcomes included ventilator-, ICU-, and hospital-free days.Results: 391 patients were studied, and 283 (72.4%) experienced early deep sedation. Deeply sedated patients received higher cumulative doses of fentanyl, propofol, midazolam, and ketamine when compared to light sedation. Deep sedation patients experienced fewer ventilator-, ICU-, and hospital-free days, and greater mortality (30.4% versus 11.1%) when compared to light sedation (p < 0.01 for all). After adjusting for confounders, early deep sedation remained significantly associated with higher mortality (adjusted OR 3.44; 95% CI 1.65 – 7.17; p <0.01). These results were stable in the subgroup of patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: The management of sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU has changed during the COVID pandemic. Early deep sedation is common and independently associated with worse clinical outcomes. A protocol-driven approach to sedation, targeting light sedation as early as possible, should continue to remain the default approach.Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.
A Heterophil/lymphocyte Selected Population Reveals the Phosphatase PTPRJ is Associated with Immune Defense in Chickens
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Jin , Wang Qiao , Zhang Qi , Thiam Mamadou , Zhu Bo , Ying Fan , Zheng Maiqing , Wen Jie , Li Qinghe , Zhao Guiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantification of leukocyte profiles is among the simplest measures of animal immune function. In particular, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) has been extensively studied as a measure of stress in chickens. However, the relationship between H/L ratio and innate immunity and the measure’s utility as an index for heterophil function remains to be analyzed. We raised a chicken line (Jingxing yellow chickens) selected for ten generations on H/L ratio.Genome profiling of 227 chickens from the selection and control lines revealed selection signatures. Variants associated with H/L ratio were then further fine-mapped based on the resequencing of 249 chickens of different generations and an F2 segregating population generated by crossing selection and control lines. H/L ratio in the selection line was associated with a selective sweep of mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type J (PTPRJ), which affects proliferation and differentiation of heterophils through its downstream regulatory genes. The SNP downstream of PTPRJ (rs736799474) have a universal effect on H/L, with CC homozygotes exhibiting improved heterophil function because of downregulated PTPRJ expression. In short, we systematically elucidated the genetic basis of the change in heterophil function resulting from H/L selection by identifying the regulatory gene (PTPRJ) and causative SNP.
Metagenome-wide Association Study of Gut Microbiome Features for Myositis
Authors: Li Yimin , Xu Jun , Li Zijun , Guo Yixue , Xing Xiaoyan , Zhufeng Yunzhi , Wang Ziye , Li Ruoxi , Lu Dan , Liu Xu , He Jing , Li Yuhui , Sun Xiaolin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background: The clinical relevance and pathogenic role of gut microbiome in both myositis and its associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) are still unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gut microbiome in myositis through comprehensive metagenomic-wide association studies (MWAS).Results We conducted MWAS of the myositis gut microbiome in a Chinese cohort by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing of high depth, including 30 myositis patients and 31 healthy controls (HC). Among the myositis patients, 11 developed rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and 10 had chronic ILD (C-ILD).Apparent discrepancy in β diversities of metagenome was found in the comparison of myositis and HC, RP-ILD and C-ILD in myositis. Analysis for overall distribution level of the bacteria showed Alistipes onderdonkii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Lachnospiraceae bacterium GAM79, Roseburia intestinalis, and Akkermansia muciniphila were downregulated in patients with myositis compared to HC. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Bacteroides A1C1 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were downregulated in RP-ILD cases compared with C-ILD cases. A variety of biological pathways related to metabolism were enriched in the myositis and HC, RP-ILD and C-ILD comparison. And in the analyses for microbial contribution in metagenomic biological pathways, we have found that E. coli played an important role in the pathway expression in both myositis group and myositis-associated RP-ILD group. Anti-PL-12 antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-EJ antibody were found to have positive correlation with bacterial diversity (Shannon-wiener diversity index and Chao1, richness estimator) between myositis group and control groups. The combination of E. coli and R. intestinalis could distinguish myositis group from Healthy controls effectively. R. intestinalis can also be applied in the distinguishment of RP-ILD group vs. C-ILD group in myositis patients.Conclusion Our MWAS study first revealed the link between gut microbiome and pathgenesis of myositis, which may help us understand the role of gut microbiome in the etiology of myositis and myositis-associated RP-ILD.
Striving for Sufficient Milk to Have a Healthy Late Preterm Baby: a Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Choijorhor Rungtawan , Kantaruksa Kannika , Chotibang Jutamas , Chaloumsuk Nonglak 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Late preterm infants are at risk for more health problems than full-term infants. They require good nutrition for growth, and breast milk is the gold standard because it contains valuable nutrients. Currently, the population of late preterm infants is increasing as exclusive breastfeeding rates decrease. Hence, this study explored exclusive breastfeeding experiences among Thai first-time mothers of late preterm infants. Methods: Participants were recruited from the family planning unit of a university hospital in Northern Thailand. A grounded theory study design was adopted, and an interview guideline was used to interview seventeen first-time mothers who exclusively breastfed their late preterm infants for the first six weeks of life. Results: “Striving for sufficient milk to have a healthy baby” emerged as the core category. It was defined as a process in which mothers of late preterm infants had to exert great effort to produce sufficient milk for their infants. The following three phases supported the core category: preparing for breastfeeding, overcoming the problem of insufficient milk supply, and managing to continue breastfeeding. Conclusion: Perceived insufficient milk supply in first-time mothers is a threat to achieving exclusive breastfeeding of their late preterm infants. However, the desire to have a healthy baby results in mothers’ effort to achieve a sufficient milk supply. Nurse midwives could apply the management process of exclusive breastfeeding as a guideline when providing support for these mothers throughout the sequence of antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care.Trial registration: Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board Committee, Faculty of Nursing, and the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, No. 2561-EXP065 and No. 2561-05865.