bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between interoceptive sensibility and resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Eng Goi Khia , Collins Katherine A , Brown Carina , Ludlow Molly , Tobe Russell H , Iosifescu Dan V , Stern Emily R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit abnormality in their subjective perception of internal sensation, a process known as interoceptive sensibility (IS), as well as altered functioning of the insula, a key neural structure for interoception. We investigated the multivariate structure of IS in 77 OCD patients and 53 controls and examined associations of IS with resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the insula within the OCD group. For each group, principal component analysis was performed on 8 subscales of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness assessing putatively “adaptive” and “maladaptive” aspects of IS. Associations between IS components and insula FC in the OCD group were evaluated using seed regions placed in each of 3 subdivisions of the insula (posterior, anterior dorsal, and anterior ventral). Behaviorally, controls showed a 2-component solution broadly categorized into “adaptive” and “maladaptive” IS, while OCD patients exhibited a 3-component solution. The general tendency to notice or be aware of sensation loaded onto an “adaptive” IS component in controls but loaded onto both “adaptive” and “maladaptive” IS components in OCD. Within OCD, insula FC was differentially associated with distinct aspects of IS, identifying network connections that could serve as future targets for the modulation of IS in OCD.
Simultaneous Determination and Comparison of Phenolic Bioactives among Three Main Kinds of Edible Chrysanthemums
Authors: Long Tao , Xu Yin , Kong Wen , Xiao Wen-Ping , Xu Lan-Ying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we report a simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for simultaneous and quantitative analysis and comparison of major phenolic compounds dominant phytochemicals in Chrysanthemum morifolium, Florists chrysanthemum and snow chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria or C. tinctoria). The chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed phase C18 column with a mobile phase of water [containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)] and acetonitrile. The major phenolic compounds were completely separated within 16 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Flavonoid and phenolic acid profiles of the ethanol extracts of the three flowers were analyzed. The results revealed that C. tinctoria possessed the highest amount of flavonoids (flavanomarein, flavanokanin, marein and okanin) and relative lower content of phenolic acid (chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicafeoylquinic acid). The total content of the four flavonoids in C. tinctoria reached 53.99 ± 1.32 mg/g. In particular, the marein content in C. tinctoria was as high as 36.50 mg/g. Flavanomarein was only detected in C. tinctoria, whereas chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicafeoylquinic acid were abundant in Chrysanthemum morifolium and Florists chrysanthemum. The content of marein in Chrysanthemum morifolium was slightly higher than that in Florists chrysanthemum, whereas no okanin was detected in Florists chrysanthemum under these high-performance liquid chromatography conditions. The results indicated phenolic components differ significantly depending on the cultivar, especially between C. tinctoria and common commercially available chrysanthemums. The method adopted in this study is helpful for quality control of different chrysanthemum species as well as their products, which is essential for usage and functionality clarification.
Creating Effective Infographics and Visual Abstracts to Disseminate Research and Facilitate Medical Education on Social Media
Authors: Spicer Jennifer O , Coleman Caroline G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Presenting information in a visual format helps viewers digest complex concepts in an efficient, effective manner. Recently, infographics have been used on social media and other digital platforms to educate health professionals, trainees, and patients about medical and public health topics. In addition, visual abstracts, visual representations of a research article’s written abstract, have been increasingly used to disseminate new research findings to other health professionals. In this review article, we will define infographics and visual abstracts, describe why they are useful, outline how to create them, and explain how researchers, educators, and clinicians can use them effectively. We share resources and a stepwise approach that allows readers to create their own infographics and visual abstracts for research dissemination, medical education, and patient communication.
Consensus Definitions of BK Polyomavirus Nephropathy in Renal Transplant Recipients for Clinical Trials
Authors: Imlay Hannah , Baum Paul , Brennan Daniel C , Hanson Kimberly E , Hodges Michael R , Hodowanec Aimee C , Komatsu Takashi E , Ljungman Per , Miller Veronica , Natori Yoichiro , Nickeleit Volker , O’Rear Jules , Pikis Andreas , Randhawa Parmjeet S , Sawinski Deirdre , Singh Harsharan K , Westman Gabriel , Limaye Ajit P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection and BK polyomavirus nephropathy (BKPyVAN) are important causes of allograft dysfunction and premature allograft loss in renal transplant recipients.Results and DiscussionControlled clinical trials to evaluate new agents for prevention and treatment are needed but are hampered by the lack of outcome measures that accurately assess the effect of the intervention, are clinically relevant, and are acceptable from a regulatory perspective.MethodsTo facilitate consistent end points in clinical trials and to support clinical research and drug development, definitions of BKPyV infection and disease have been developed by the BK Disease Definitions Working Group of the Transplantation Associated Virus Infection Forum with the Forum for Collaborative Research, which consists of scientists, clinicians, regulators, and industry representatives.ConclusionsThese definitions refine established principles of “proven” BKPyV disease and introduce a “probable” disease category that could be used in clinical trials to prevent or treat BKPyVAN in renal transplant recipients.
Coagulation-independent effects of thrombin and Factor Xa: role of protease-activated receptors in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Joseph Christine , Berghausen Eva Maria , Behringer Arnica , Rauch Bernhard , ten Freyhaus Henrik , Gnatzy-Feik Leoni Luisa , Krause Max , Wong Dickson W L , Boor Peter , Baldus Stephan , Vantler Marius , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease with limited therapeutic options. Vascular remodelling of pulmonary arteries, characterized by increased proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), is a hallmark of PAH. Here, we aimed to systematically characterize coagulation-independent effects of key coagulation proteases thrombin and Factor Xa (FXa) and their designated receptors, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2, on PASMCs in vitro and experimental PAH in vivo.

Methods and results
In human and murine PASMCs, both thrombin and FXa were identified as potent mitogens, and chemoattractants. FXa mediated its responses via PAR-1 and PAR-2, whereas thrombin signalled through PAR-1. Extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2, protein kinase B (AKT), and sphingosine kinase 1 were identified as downstream mediators of PAR-1 and PAR-2. Inhibition of FXa or thrombin blunted cellular responses in vitro, but unexpectedly failed to protect against hypoxia-induced PAH in vivo. However, pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic deficiency of both PAR-1 and PAR-2 significantly reduced vascular muscularization of small pulmonary arteries, diminished right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy upon chronic hypoxia compared to wild-type controls.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate a coagulation-independent pathogenic potential of thrombin and FXa for pulmonary vascular remodelling via acting through PAR-1 and PAR-2, respectively. While inhibition of single coagulation proteases was ineffective in preventing experimental PAH, our results propose a crucial role for PAR-1 and PAR-2 in its pathobiology, thus identifying PARs but not their dedicated activators FXa and thrombin as suitable targets for the treatment of PAH.
Community Structure and Diversity of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Chromatomyia horticola (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Different Habitats in Changchun, China
Authors: Tao Shu-xia , Liang Bo-wen , Huang Kun , Li Cheng-cheng , Huang Hai-long 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The community structure and diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids of the agromyzid leafminer Chromatomyia horticola (Diptera: Agromyzidae) were studied in agricultural, urban, and natural habitats in Changchun, Northeast China. In agricultural habitats, a total of 3,380 individuals and 19 species were collected, and the dominant species were Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (71.15%) and Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (12.10%). In urban habitats, a total of 5,996 individuals and 21 species were collected. There were three dominant species, C. pentheus (26.68%), Chrysocharis phryne (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (22.18%), and D. isaea (22.13%). In natural habitats, a total of 1,566 individuals and 26 species were collected. There were three dominant species, C. pentheus (30.52%), D. isaea (15.52%), and Pediobius metallicus (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (12.26%). The diversity indices of the parasitoid community in urban and natural habitats were higher than that in agricultural habitats, and the richness index in natural habitats was higher than that in agricultural and urban habitats. These results suggest that there are differences in the community composition and dynamics of parasitoids in different habitats. Hymenopteran parasitoids of C. horticola are less abundant in natural habitats; however, species richness is greater, and can be used as a species reserve for biological control.
Terrestrial Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Protected Forests and Grasslands in Three Ecoregions of Corrientes Province, Argentina
Authors: Larrea Darío D , Dufek Matias I , Damborsky Miryam P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA comparative study on forests and grasslands in three ecoregions (Humid Chaco, Espinal, and Paranaense) was conducted in two protected areas in northeastern Argentina: Iberá National Park and Mburucuyá National Park. The effects of habitat heterogeneity (vegetation cover) on terrestrial ant (Formicidae) assemblages were analyzed and compared. The habitat heterogeneity hypothesis—which predicts that when environmental structural complexity increases, the species richness will also increase—was tested. Two sites were selected in each ecoregion. A forest and a grassland were surveyed in each site, using unbaited pitfall traps from October 2013 to February 2014. Overall, 5,465 ants belonging to 37 species were collected, 32 of which were present in forests and 26 in grasslands. Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Pheidole radoszkowskii Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were the most abundant species. Formicidae assemblages were compared in terms of abundance, species richness, and diversity between habitats and ecoregions. The results of this study support the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis, since we found a higher diversity of ants in more structured habitats (i.e., forest) in the three ecoregions analyzed. Also, the ant assemblages differed both between habitats and between ecoregions. Our findings provide the first assessment of terrestrial ant assemblages in natural habitats of the three ecoregions in Corrientes Province, Argentina.
Comparison between the age, creatinine and ejection fraction II score and the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II: which score for which patient?
Authors: Santarpino Giuseppe , Nasso Giuseppe , Peivandi Armin Darius , Avolio Maria , Tanzariello Maria , Giuliano Lanberto , Dell’Aquila Angelo Maria , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Each surgical risk prediction model requires a validation analysis within a large ‘real-life’ sample. The aim of this study is to validate the age, creatinine and ejection fraction (ACEF) II risk score compared with the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II.

METHODS
All patients operated on at 8 Italian cardiac surgery centres in the period 2009–2019 with available data for the calculation of EuroSCORE II and ACEF II were included in the study. Mortality was recorded and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for the overall study population and for different patient subgroups according to the type of surgery.

RESULTS
A total of 14 804 patients were enrolled [median age of 70 (62–77) years, 35.4% female], and among these, 3.1% underwent emergency surgery. Thirty-day mortality was 2.84% (n = 420). In the total population, the area under the curve with EurosCORE II was significantly higher than that recorded with ACEF II [0.792, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.8 vs 0.73, 95% CI 0.73–0.74; P &lt; 0.001]. This finding was also confirmed in the patient subgroups undergoing isolated valve surgery (EuroSCORE II versus ACEF II: 0.80, 95% CI 0.79–0.814 vs 0.74, 95% CI 0.724–0.754; P = 0.045) or isolated aortic surgery (0.754, 95% CI 0.70–0.79 vs 0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.58; P = 0.002). In contrast, the 2 scores did not differ significantly in patients undergoing isolated bypass surgery (0.8, 95% CI 0.78–0.81 vs 0.77, 95% CI 0.75–0.78; P = 1).

CONCLUSIONS
In both the overall population and patient subgroups, EuroSCORE II proved to be more accurate than ACEF II. However, in patients undergoing bypass surgery, ACEF II proved to be an easy and simple to use risk score, demonstrating comparable risk prediction performance with the more complex EuroSCORE II.
Colour assessment of bleaching effect on orthodontically treated teeth
Authors: Koumpia Effimia , Eliades Theodore , Knösel Michael , Athanasiou Athanasios E 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAimTo assess whether the efficacy of external tooth bleaching differs between untreated and orthodontically treated teeth.Materials and methodThree groups of subjects were formed; group Debonded included 24 consecutive orthodontically treated patients evaluated immediately after removal of fixed appliances. The Retention group included 24 consecutive orthodontically treated patients in the phase of retention. The Untreated group consisted of 24 arbitrarily selected undergraduate dental students without history of fixed-appliances orthodontic therapy. Each of the above three groups was further randomized into two subgroups, Bleaching and Placebo. Each subgroup received either a 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching treatment or a placebo agent, respectively. Tooth colour changes were assessed at seven timepoints: 1 day before intervention; on the day of intervention before and after treatment; and at 7, 14, 21, and 90 days for parameters L*, a*, b*, and ΔΕ in all upper incisors and canines with the use of a reflectance spectrophotometer. Intra-rater agreement was estimated with the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient and method’s error was calculated using the Repeatability Coefficient. Regarding tooth colour changes, an analysis of variance was used to assess differences between groups.ResultsBleaching was associated with an increase of the L* value and decrease of b* and a* values in both orthodontically treated and untreated teeth. Parameters ΔE, L*, and b* exhibited statistically significant differences between the Bleaching-Untreated and Bleaching-Retention subgroups. In the Bleaching subgroups, statistically significant differences were found between different teeth for all parameters.ConclusionsPrevious exposure to fixed orthodontic appliance influenced the efficacy of external tooth bleaching. The effect of bleaching was higher after orthodontic treatment and with longer period in retention. Canines changed in colour more than incisors, and the effect was reduced over time.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a systematic review of physical and psychosocial recovery following discharge from hospital
Authors: Neubeck Lis , McHale Sheona , Ross Mark , MacGillivray Steve , Galbraith Mary , Hanson Coral 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of myocardial infarction, particularly among women. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection survivors may not know what physical activity is safe and effective, and there may be a psychosocial burden of living with a SCAD diagnosis.

Objectives
This review aimed to determine the evidence regarding physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, or associated factors, and the psychosocial impact of SCAD for SCAD survivors after hospital discharge.

Design
A systematic review was completed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Data Sources
We searched Medline, Embase, CinAHL, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar until November 2021.

Eligibility criteria for study selection
Outcomes of interest were physical activity participation levels, cardiovascular risk factors and associated risk factors, and psychosocial recovery from SCAD. We included any study (qualitative or quantitative) that reported data pertinent to understanding the impact of SCAD on physical activity and psychosocial aspects of recovery. We also included papers that reported cardiovascular risk or associated risk factors where studies reported outcomes of SCAD survivors. We excluded papers that only provided information on in-hospital management. Any reports that were non-empirical were excluded.

Results
The review included 28 studies. These used a range of methods. None were randomized controlled trials. There were 4167 SCAD participants although some were sourced from the same SCAD registries, so they may not be unique. They were mainly female (n = 3897, 93.5%, range = 57.7–100%), with mean age 48.0 ± 9.8 years at index event. Participants mostly came from the USA, Canada, or The Netherlands. We found very limited evidence for cardiorespiratory fitness improvements following cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Existing CR was not tailored to SCAD specific needs and SCAD survivors lacked guidance about appropriate physical activity. Some participants had high levels of psychosocial distress. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection survivors highlighted the need for tailored support that included family members. Many SCAD survivors have traditional risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and overweight/obesity. Chest pain following SCAD is common.

Conclusion
There is an urgent need to develop physical and psychological recovery programmes for SCAD survivors and test effectiveness via randomized controlled trials. Psychosocial support is particularly required, given the high burden of psychosocial issues.

Data registration
Prospero CRD42021254798.
Association of serum levels of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D with risk of developing aortic stenosis: the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Xia Congying , Lei Wenhua , Hu Yao , Yang Huazhen , Zeng Xiaoxi , Chen Mao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study was aimed to investigate the associations of serum calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D levels with the risk of developing aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods and results
We included 296 415 participants who were free of prior diagnosis of any valvular heart disease from the UK Biobank. Serum levels of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D were measured. Incidental AS was determined by the records of hospital data. Cox regression was used to examine the association of serum mineral levels with incidental AS after adjustment for potential confounders. The mean age was 56.4 years (SD 8.14) and 53.3% of participants were women. During an average follow-up of 8.1 years, 1232 individuals developed AS. After adjustment, each 0.5-unit increase in serum phosphate level was associated with a 50% increase of AS risk (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.80). We observed no association of serum calcium and vitamin D levels with AS.

Conclusion
Increased serum phosphate level, but not calcium or vitamin D, was associated with a higher risk of incident AS, this association did not differed substantially between patients with and without decreased kidney function. This finding implied that phosphate may be a potential interventional target for AS.
Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in Europe: learning for the future
Authors: Thow Anne Marie , Rippin Holly L , Mulcahy Georgina , Duffey Keeva , Wickramasinghe Kremlin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are recommended globally as part of measures to prevent diet-related NCDs. However, their uptake in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region has been limited. The aim of this study was to inform strategic, cross-sectoral, public health policy engagement to support the uptake and effective implementation of SSB taxation.

Methods
We conducted a policy analysis of SSB taxes in the WHO European Region, drawing on theories of policy making and diffusion of innovation. Data were collected from policy documents and media, secondary contextual sources and qualitative interview data (n = 20) to analyze factors influencing the adoption of taxes in 10 countries.

Results
Belgium, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Monaco, Norway, Portugal and the UK had current SSB taxes, but Monaco was excluded from the findings due to its unique taxation context. All countries were characterized by policy priority for NCD prevention, and in many there was a fiscal imperative to raise revenue. The taxes took the form of excises or levies, and the tax base and rate varied between countries. SSB taxation was fostered by constructive engagement between health and fiscal policy makers, but also influenced by external industry and public health stakeholders. Policy learning from national and international experience was evident in all countries.

Conclusions
This study points to the value of ongoing policy learning for improving tax design, and the importance of constructive collaboration between finance and health policy makers. It also suggests regional bodies could play a greater role in supporting SSB taxation.
Directed evolution of an EamB transporter for improved L-cysteine tolerance and production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Ding Chao , Ju Yun , Ma Zhenping , Wei Liang , Liu Jun , Liu Qingdai , Xu Ning 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Engineering transporter for improved efflux efficiency provides a powerful strategy to alleviate product-associated cytotoxicity and promote microbial production of desired compounds. However, the scarcity of efficient transporters limits its application in the construction of microbial cell factories. Here, we sought to improve the transport performance of the EamB transporter, a L-cysteine exporter from Escherichia coli. Four EamB variants (A31V, I83M, G156A and N157M) were firstly obtained by random mutagenesis and screening, and two other improved mutant (G156S and N157S) were also identified by site-specific saturation mutagenesis. The transport assays revealed that the G156S and N157S mutants had increased L-cysteine export capacity relative to the native EamB transporter. A combinatorial mutagenesis approach was used to generate the best mutant G156S/N157S, which conferred cells optimal resistance to L-cysteine and highest yields of L-cysteine in shake flask fermentation. Taken together, our results offer several EamB mutants with improved efflux properties, highlighting the potential of these exporters in L-cysteine fermentative production.