bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Robust and Thermally Stable Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Elastomer with Reprocessability Based on Dynamic Silyl Ether Linkages
Authors: Feng Bingwei , Bai Lu , Yan Xingxing , Liu Xiaofei , Zheng Junping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolysiloxane elastomers have drawn considerable attention especially benefitting from their excellent thermal stability. Nevertheless, as commercial polysiloxane elastomers possess permanently crosslinked networks, they are generally unrecyclable and thus detrimental to environment at the end of service life. Although introducing reversible covalent bonds into polysiloxane networks can achieve reprocessability, the thermal stability is declined as many reversible bonds are thermally unstable. Herein, in order to combine the desirable attributes of reprocessability and thermal stability, polydimethylsiloxane elastomers are prepared by incorporating thermally stable silyl ether linkages into networks as dynamic crosslinks for the first time. The elastomer exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, excellent solvent resistance, and even largely enhanced thermal stability (the initial degradation temperature is increased by 33 °C). Moreover, the elastomer is able to reshuffle the network topology through trans‐oxyalkylation reactions of silyl ethers, thus capable of distinguished reprocessability at high temperatures. In a word, this work provides a facile strategy for integrating reprocessability into thermosetting materials without sacrificing their thermal stability.
The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics
Authors: Tian Haihua , Hu Zhenyu , Xu Jia , Wang Chuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is still unclear. Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, because of limited effectiveness, delayed efficacy (usually two weeks), and side effects. Consequently, novel drugs with increased speed of action and effectiveness are required. Ketamine has shown to have rapid, reliable, and long‐lasting antidepressant effects in treatment‐resistant MDD patients and represent a breakthrough therapy for patients with MDD; however, concerns regarding its efficacy, potential misuse, and side effects remain. In this review, we aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms and pharmacological treatments for depression. We focused on the fast antidepressant treatment and clarified the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ketamine and its metabolites for the MDD treatment, along with a review of the potential pharmacological mechanisms, research challenges, and future clinical prospects.
18F‐Florzolotau Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy–Parkinsonian Subtype
Authors: Liu Feng‐Tao , Li Xin‐Yi , Lu Jia‐Ying , Wu Ping , Li Ling , Liang Xiao‐Niu , Ju Zi‐Zhao , Jiao Fang‐Yang , Chen Ming‐Jia , Ge Jing‐Jie , Sun Yi‐Min , Wu Jian‐Jun , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Luo Jian‐Feng , Zuo Chuantao , Wang Jian ,   the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Neuroimage Initiative (PSPNI)
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnecdotal evidence suggests that patients diagnosed with the parkinsonian subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) may show uptake of the second‐generation tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 18F‐Florzolotau (previously known as 18F‐APN‐1607) in the putamen.ObjectivesThis study systematically investigated the localization and magnitude of 18F‐Florzolotau uptake in a relatively large cohort of patients with MSA‐P.Methods18F‐Florzolotau PET imaging was performed in 31 patients with MSA‐P, 24 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 20 age‐matched healthy controls. 18F‐Florzolotau signal in the striatum was analyzed by visual inspection and classified as either positive or negative. Regional 18F‐Florzolotau binding was also expressed as standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) to assess whether it was associated with core symptoms of MSA‐P after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsBy visual inspection and semiquantitative SUVR comparisons, patients with MSA‐P showed elevated 18F‐Florzolotau uptake in the putamen, globus pallidus, and dentate—a finding that was not observed in PD. This increased signal was significantly associated with the core symptoms of MSA‐P. In addition, patients with MSA‐P with cerebellar ataxia showed an elevated 18F‐Florzolotau uptake in the cerebellar dentate.Conclusions18F‐Florzolotau tau PET imaging findings may reflect the clinical severity of MSA‐P and can potentially discriminate between this condition and PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The biology and inhibition of glucose‐regulated protein 94/gp96
Authors: Pugh Kyler W. , Alnaed Marim , Brackett Christopher M. , Blagg Brian S. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose‐regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease‐dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune‐mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94‐peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
Novel Imido‐Cr/Silica Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts Modified from the Phillips Catalyst
Authors: Jin Yulong , Yang Yang , Su Changzhi , Wang Junrong , Wang Yongnian , Liu Boping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, novel imido‐Cr/silica catalysts are synthesized by modifying the Phillips catalyst CrOx/silica with isocyanates. The imido‐Cr/silica, which has moderate activities of 200–300 kgPE molCr−1 bar−1, shows lower efficiency than CrOx/silica for C2H4 polymerization. On the other hand, regarding to the modified catalysts, the productivity can be improved almost linearly with increasing C2H4 pressure, and very stable activities are observed during the 1 h run of C2H4 polymerization. When compared with CrOx/silica, the modified catalysts can produce polyethylene (PE) with much higher molecular weight (MW) and broader molecular weight distribution (MWD), which is featured by a distinct ultrahigh MW shoulder. Meanwhile, the MW and MWD of the PE products can be reduced obviously by adding a small amount of H2 before C2H4 polymerization. In addition, it is found that more 1‐hexene can be copolymerized by CrOx/silica, and it is preferentially incorporated into a portion of the PE chains. While such a preference is much less significant for the modified catalysts.
Whole‐Brain Water Content Mapping Using Super‐Resolution Reconstruction with MRI Acquisition in 3 Orthogonal Orientations
Authors: Thomas Dennis C. , Oros‐Peusquens Ana‐Maria , Poot Dirk , Shah N. Jon 
Published: July 2022

PurposeBrain water content provides rich tissue contrast comparable to that of longitudinal relaxation time T1, but mapping is usually performed at modest resolution. In particular, the slice thickness in 2D mapping methods is limited. Here, we combine super‐resolution reconstruction techniques with a fast water content mapping method to acquire high and isotropic resolution (0.75 mm) water content maps at 3 Tesla.MethodsA high‐resolution multi‐echo gradient echo image is super‐resolution–reconstructed from 3 low‐resolution, orthogonal multi‐echo gradient echo image acquisitions, followed by water content mapping. The mapping accuracy and SNR of the proposed method are assessed using numerical simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo data acquired from 6 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. A high‐resolution acquisition with an established mapping method is used as a reference.ResultsWhole‐brain water content maps with 0.75 mm isotropic resolution are demonstrated. No bias in the water content values was seen following super‐resolution reconstruction. In the in vivo experiments, a lower SD of the mean water content values was observed with the proposed method compared to the reference method.ConclusionsSuper‐resolution reconstruction of multi‐echo gradient echo data is demonstrated, enabling whole‐brain water content mapping with high and isotropic resolution. The accuracy of the proposed method is shown using phantoms and 6 healthy volunteers and was found to be unchanged compared to the conventional acquisition. The proposed method could increase the sensitivity of water content mapping sufficiently to enable the detection of very small lesions, such as cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis.
Prognostic factors, disease course, and treatment efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weber Fabio J. , Latshang Tsogyal D. , Blum Manuel R. , Kohler Malcolm , Wertli Maria M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPrognostic factors in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) predict the disease course and may help individualize patient care. The aim was to summarize the evidence on prognostic factors that may support treatment decisions.MethodsWe searched six databases for prospective studies that each included ≥50 DMD patients with a minimum follow‐up of 1 y. Primary outcomes were age at loss of ambulation (LoA), pulmonary function (forced vital capacity percent of predicted, FVC%p), and heart failure.ResultsOut of 5074 references, 59 studies were analyzed. Corticosteroid use was associated with a delayed LoA (pooled effect hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.75, I2 94%), better pulmonary function tests (higher peak FVC%, prolonged time with FVC%p > 50%, and reduced need for assisted ventilation) and delayed cardiomyopathy. Longer corticosteroid treatment was associated with later LoA (>1 y compared to <1 y; pooled HR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.90) and early treatment start (aged <5 y) may be associated with early cardiomyopathy and higher fracture risk. Genotype appeared to be an independent driver of LoA in some studies. Higher baseline physical function tests (e.g., 6‐minute walk test) were associated with delayed LoA. Left ventricular dysfunction and FVC <1 L increased and the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduced the risk of heart failure and death. Fusion surgery in scoliosis may potentially preserve pulmonary function.DiscussionPrognostic factors that may inform clinical decisions include age at corticosteroid treatment initiation and treatment duration, ACE‐inhibitor use, baseline physical function tests, pulmonary function, and cardiac dysfunction.
Protecting our coast for everyone's future: Indigenous and scientific knowledge support marine spatial protections proposed by Central Coast First Nations in Pacific Canada
Authors: Reid Mike , Collins Muxvpenstista Lena , Hall Smawn Richard J. , Mason Ernest , McGee Gord , Frid Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe, the Haíłzaqv, Kitasoo Xai'xais, Nuxalk and Wuikinuxv First Nations, are the traditional stewards of our territories in the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Our traditional laws obligate us to manage and protect our territories for current and future generations. Spatial management is inherent to our cultures through the Hereditary Chief governance system, in which specific people within a lineage inherit the rights and responsibilities for stewarding specific areas.Since the 19th century, we have been experiencing cultural disruptions caused by settler colonialism, which are now worsened by the declines of marine species vital to our cultures. These declines reflect fishery impacts exacerbated by climate change.Western fisheries management focuses on maximum sustained yields (MSY), ignoring body size declines that disrupt food webs and diminish population productivity for vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, thereby eroding resilience to climate change. The worldview encompassed by the MSY framework—take the most that you can without compromising future exploitation while assuming no environmental change—is the antithesis of ours—take only what you need and leave lots for the ecosystem. Furthermore, standard stock assessments do not account for uncertainties inherent to climate change effects on distributions and productivity, and many by‐catch species are unassessed.Consistent with our traditional knowledge, scientific evidence indicates that marine protected areas (MPAs), coupled with other measures to reduce fishing mortality, can restore exploited species, safeguard biodiversity and contribute to fisheries sustainability.In the 2000s, we paired Indigenous knowledge and Western science to develop marine spatial plans. These plans are foundational in our contribution to the ongoing development of the Marine Protected Area Network for Canada's Northern Shelf Bioregion (MPAN‐NSB), for which we are co‐governance partners with 14 other First Nations and the governments of Canada and British Columbia.Our proposed spatial protections for the MPAN‐NSB encompass areas important to many exploited taxa and to corals, sponges, eelgrass beds and other carbon stores. Their implementation would fill conservation gaps which have persisted under current fishery management.Given our history of spatial management through the Hereditary Chief governance system, the MPAN‐NSB is a culturally appropriate way forward for marine conservation in our territories.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Comprehensive characterization of raw and treated pineapple leaf fiber/polylactic acid green composites manufactured by 3D printing technique
Authors: Mansingh Bright Brailson , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Tan Ze Quan , Eugene Wong Wai Leong , Amornsakchai Taweechai , Hassan Shukur Abu , Goh Kheng Lim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a completely sustainable, biodegradable, eco‐friendly and green composite material for packaging of food and medical products by an additive manufacturing technique such as 3D printing. This report presents the mechanical, crystalline, chemical bonding and thermal characteristics of a novel pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) green composite manufactured by 3D printing technique. Both powdered raw and alkali‐treated PALFs were respectively mixed with PLA and extruded as filaments for 3D printing into composite test specimens. The characterization study reveals that the 3D printed composite with 3 wt% (alkali‐treated) PALF reinforcement exhibited maximum tensile and flexural characteristics. The density of the 3D printed composite specimens increased with increase in wt% of PALF. On the other hand, the 3D printed composite specimens blended with raw PALF showed enhanced elongation at break compared to alkali‐treated PALF reinforced composite specimens. The microstructural images of the 3D printed composite specimens confirms the existence of impurities, voids and fiber degradation phenomenon. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the chemical bonding nature of the 3D printed composite specimens. The X‐Ray diffraction was used to calculate the crystalline size and crystallinity index. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the 3D printed composite specimen possessed adequate thermal stability for use in packaging applications.
Investigation on mechanical properties of basalt/epoxy fiber reinforced polymer composite with the influence of turtle shell powder
Authors: Kasinathan Rajesh Kumar , Rajamani Jeyapaul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe research article deals with the efficacy of turtle shell powder (TSP) as an attempt at a novel perspective vision, used as a filler material in the fabrication of basalt‐epoxy composites preparation for us as a first opportunity. The fiber reinforced polymer composite made of basalt‐epoxy matrix was fabricated by filling TSP powder with different weight percentage levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% by hand lay‐up process continued by a compression molding technique. In addition, the single laminate basalt fiber ply orientations were configured by symmetric‐quasi‐isotropic. Density, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed to analyze the composite strength and modulus. The morphological traits and TSP elemental composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and EDAX, respectively. Results elucidate that the incorporated TSP particle in basalt‐epoxy composite enhanced the mechanical properties. Overall compared with the B0 composite, the B3 composite exhibits the optimal result, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased by 98.4%, 68.9%, 70.73%, 53.12%, and 76.85% performance explicates, respectively, except hardness, which shows 43.5% higher in 5 wt% composite. The interfacial bonding of basalt‐epoxy composites has been improved by the TSP particle curtailed the microvoids. The basalt‐epoxy characteristics were adversely affected by TSP aggregation that occurred at 5 wt% laminate. The laminated composites are heavily bolstered by the performance of TSP particles and with the addition of ply orientation increased the strong interfacial bonding of TSP‐epoxy‐basalt interactions.
Proteomic changes associated with the development of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds
Authors: Neto Domingos F. M. , Nascimento José R. S. , Martins Gabriel R. , Silva Ayla S. , Domont Gilberto B. , Campos Francisco A. P. , Nogueira Fábio C. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAçaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds are a rich source of mannans, which can be used to generate bioethanol or be converted to high‐value D‐mannose, in addition to being a source of polyphenols with beneficial health properties. Here, we present a quantitative proteome dataset of açaí seeds at four stages of development (S1, S2, S3, and S4 stages), in which 2465 high confidence proteins were identified and 524 of them show statistically different abundance profiles during development. Several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide‐sugars were quantified, especially those dedicated to the formation of GDP‐mannose, which showed an increase in abundance between stages S1 and S3. Our data suggest that linear mannans found abundantly in endosperm cell walls are initially deposited as galactomannans, and during development lose the galactosyl groups. Two isoforms of alpha‐galactosidase enzymes showed significantly increased abundances in the S3 and S4 stages. Additionally, we quantified the enzymes participating in the central pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis responsible for the formation of catechin and epicatechin, which are subunits of procyanidins, the main class of polyphenols in the açaí seeds. These proteins showed the same pattern of deposition, in which higher abundances were seen in the S1 and S2 stages.
Prostate tumor RON receptor signaling mediates macrophage recruitment to drive androgen deprivation therapy resistance through Gas6‐mediated Axl and RON signaling
Authors: Brown Nicholas E. , Jones Angelle , Hunt Brian G. , Waltz Susan E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT), or chemical castration, is the first‐line therapy for prostate cancer; however, resistance leaves few treatment options. Prostatic tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote prostate cancer growth and are abundant in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting a role in promoting CRPC. We recently showed a tumor cell‐intrinsic mechanism by which RON promotes CRPC. Given previous reports that RON alters prostate cancer cell chemokine production and RON‐overexpressing tumors alter macrophage function, we hypothesized that a macrophage‐dependent mechanism regulated by tumor cell intrinsic RON also promotes CRPC.MethodsUsing RON‐modulated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and GEMM‐derived cell lines and co‐cultures with bone marrow‐derived macrophages, we show functional and molecular characteristics of signaling pathways in supporting CRPC. Further, we used an unbiased phosphokinase array to identify pathway interactions regulated by RON. Finally, using human prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer patient data sets, we show the relevance of our findings to human prostate cancer.ResultsStudies herein show that macrophages recruited into the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) serve as a source for Gas6 secretion which serves to further enhance RON and Axl receptor activation in prostate tumor cells thereby driving CRPC. Further, we show targeting RON and macrophages in a murine model promotes CRPC sensitization to ADT.ConclusionsWe discovered a novel role for the RON receptor in prostate cancer cells in promoting CRPC through the recruitment of macrophages into the prostate TME. Macrophage‐targeting agents in combination with RON/Axl inhibition are likely to provide clinical benefits for patients with CRPC.
Plants of the Phytolaccaceae family with antimicrobial activity: A systematic review
Authors: Sydor Bruna Gomes , Ramos‐Milaré Áquila Carolina Fernandes Herculano , Pereira Meliana Borilli , Brustolin Aline Ávila , Montaholi Débora Cássia , Lera‐Nonose Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes , Negri Melyssa , de Lima Scodro Regiane Bertin , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhytolaccaceae is a plant family of the order Caryophyllales, which includes species used in traditional medicine to treat diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate Phytolaccaceae family plants with potential antimicrobial action, through a systematic review. The study was conducted following the criteria of PRISMA protocol. The search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS, in March 2021. The search strategy used free descriptors and terms, limiting articles to the English language, regardless of publication year. The risk of bias and the quality of publications were based on the CONSORT checklist, modified for in vitro studies and SYRCLE’s RoB tool for in vivo study. Five independent judges performed quality assessments of publications and risk of bias analysis. Ninety‐five publications were retrieved from the databases and, after screening and eligibility criteria, 22 articles remained, from 1998 to 2019. In the selected studies, the plants were obtained from eight countries. In vivo and in vitro studies of extracts from the Phytolaccaceae family plants, evaluating antibacterial (8 publications), antifungal (8), anti‐Trypanosoma (2), anti‐Leishmania (2), antiviral (1), and antiamoebic (1) activities, are included. The plant species identified belong to genera Petiveria, Phytolacca, Gallesia, Trichostigma, and Seguieria. The risk of bias in the 22 publications both in vitro and in vitro was suboptimal. The evidence obtained showed that the Phytolaccaceae family, a source of plants with antimicrobial action, can serve as a basis for the creation of new herbal medicines, expanding the possibility of treatment for infectious diseases and stimulating their preservation and biodiversity. However, more high‐quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.