bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy at birth: Mother's cortex synchronizes with that of her newborn in pain
Authors: Bembich Stefano , Saksida Amanda , Mastromarino Simona , Travan Laura , Di Risio Giovanna , Cont Gabriele , Demarini Sergio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly neonatal relation with the caregiver is vital for newborn survival and for the promotion of an appropriate neural development. The aim of this study was to assess if the empathic cortical response of a mother to her baby's pain is synchronized with the neonatal cortical response to the painful stimulation. We used hyperscanning, a functional neuroimaging approach that allows studying functional synchronization between two brains. Sixteen mother–newborn dyads were recruited. Maternal and neonatal cortical activities were simultaneously monitored, by near‐infrared spectroscopy, during a heel prick performed on the baby and observed by the mother. Multiple pairedttest was used to identify cortical activation, and wavelet transform coherence method was used to explore possible synchronization between the maternal and neonatal cortical areas. Activations were observed in mother's parietal cortex, bilaterally, and in newborn's superior motor/somatosensory cortex. The main functional synchronization analysis showed that mother's left parietal cortex activity cross‐correlated with that of her newborn's superior motor/somatosensory cortex. Such synchronization dynamically changed throughout assessment, becoming positively cross‐correlated only after the leading role in synchronizing cortical activities was taken up by the newborn. Thus, maternal empathic cortical response to baby pain was guided by and synchronized to the newborn's cortical response to pain. We conclude that, in case of potential danger for the infant, brain areas involved in mother–newborn relationship appear to be already co‐regulated at birth.
Handling and novel object recognition modulate fear response and endocannabinoid signaling in nucleus basalis magnocellularis
Authors: Bengoetxea de Tena Iker , Moreno‐Rodríguez Marta , Llorente‐Ovejero Alberto , Monge‐Benito Sergio , Martínez‐Gardeazabal Jonatan , Onandia‐Hinchado Iban , Manuel Ivan , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Rodríguez‐Puertas Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStorage of aversive memories is of utmost importance for survival, allowing animals to avoid upcoming similar stimuli. However, without reinforcement, the learned avoidance response gradually decreases over time. Although the molecular mechanisms controlling this extinction process are not well known, there is evidence that the endocannabinoid system plays a key role through CB1 receptor‐mediated modulation of cholinergic signaling. In this study, we measured fear extinction throughout 7 months using naïve rats, assessed in passive avoidance (PA) test in a non‐reinforced manner. Then, we evaluated the effect of gentle handling and non‐aversive novel object recognition test (NORT) on the extinction and expression of fear memories by measuring passive avoidance responses. Neurochemical correlates were analyzed by functional autoradiography for cannabinoid, cholinergic, and dopaminergic receptors. Despite results showing a gradual decrease of passive avoidance response, it did not fully disappear even after 7 months, indicating the robustness of this process. Meanwhile, in rats that received gentle handling or performed NORT after receiving the PA aversive stimulus, extinction occurred within a week. In contrast, gentle handling performed before receiving the aversive stimulus exacerbated fear expression and triggered escape response in PA. The neurochemical analysis showed increased cannabinoid and cholinergic activity in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats that had performed only PA, as opposed to rats that received gentle handling before PA. Additionally, a correlation between CB1 mediated‐signaling in the NBM and freezing in PA was found, suggesting that the endocannabinoid system might be responsible for modulating fear response induced by aversive memories.
Smaller adult fish size in warmer water is not explained by elevated metabolism
Authors: Wootton Henry F. , Morrongiello John R. , Schmitt Thomas , Audzijonyte Asta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFish and other ectotherms living in warmer waters often grow faster as juveniles, mature earlier, but become smaller adults. Known as the temperature‐size rule (TSR), this pattern is commonly attributed to higher metabolism in warmer waters, leaving fewer resources for growth. An alternative explanation focuses on growth and reproduction trade‐offs across temperatures. We tested these hypotheses by measuring growth, maturation, metabolism and reproductive allocation from zebrafish populations kept at 26 and 30°C across six generations. Zebrafish growth and maturation followed TSR expectations but were not explained by baseline metabolic rate, which converged between temperature treatments after a few generations. Rather, we found that females at 30°C allocated more to reproduction, especially when maturing at the smallest sizes. We show that elevated temperatures do not necessarily increase baseline metabolism if sufficient acclimation is allowed and call for an urgent revision of modelling assumptions used to predict population and ecosystem responses to warming.
Perennial biomass crops on marginal land improve both regional climate and agricultural productivity
Authors: He Yufeng , Jaiswal Deepak , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Sun Chao , Long Stephen P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerennial grasses can reduce soil erosion, restore carbon stocks, and provide feedstocks for biofuels and bioproducts. Here, we show an additional benefit, amelioration of regional climate warming, and drying. Growing Miscanthus × giganteus, an example of perennial biomass crops, on US marginal land cools the Midwest Heartland summer by up to 1°C as predicted by a new coupled climate‐crop modeling system. This cooling is mainly caused by the increased duration and size of the Miscanthus × giganteus leaf canopy when compared with the existing vegetations on marginal land, resulting in larger solar reflection, more evapotranspiration, and decreased sensible heat transfer. Summer rainfall is increased through mesoscale circulation responses by 23–29 mm (14%–15%) and water vapor pressure deficit reduced by 5%–13%, lowering potential transpiration for all Midwest crops. Similar but weaker effects are simulated in the Southern Heartland. This positive feedback through the climate–crop interaction and teleconnection leads to 4%–8% more biomass production and potentially 12% higher corn and soybean yields, with greater yield stability. Growing perennials on marginal land could be a feasible solution to climate change mitigation and adaptation by strengthening food security and providing sustainable alternatives to fossil‐based products.
Factors affecting the caring performance of newly graduated Nurses' working in critical care units
Authors: Darawad Muhammad W. , Abu Feddeh Salam , Saleh Ali M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have discussed nurses' caring performance, few have focussed on critical care nurses. Also, none have studied this among newly graduated nurses despite their very different circumstances.AimThe purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the caring performance of newly graduated nurses in critical care units.MethodA descriptive cross‐sectional design, using self‐reported questionnaires, was used among a sample of 209 nurses interviewed in Jordanian hospitals. The Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale was used for measuring work‐related stress and the Caring Behaviours Assessment tool to assess caring performance. Data collection was conducted from March to May 2018.ResultsThe participants had moderate levels of caring performance (M = 182.6/315, SD = 15.46). The highest score was reported for ‘Supportive/Protective/Corrective Environment’ subscale, while the lowest for ‘Teaching/Learning’ subscale. Many significant differences were noticed in caring performance based on participants' demographics. Only working in private hospitals was a significant predictor for caring performance (P < .05) predicting 14% of variance.ConclusionCaring performance of newly graduated nurses in critical care units was affected by many factors including workload, self‐doubt, income and area of working. The significance was flagged of developing nursing policies concerned with stress relief and improvement of caring performance.
Developing an immune‐related gene prognostic index associated with progression and providing new insights into the tumor immune microenvironment of prostate cancer
Authors: Feng Dechao , Zhang Facai , Li Dengxiong , Shi Xu , Xiong Qiao , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe developed an immune‐related gene prognostic index (IGPI) associated with progression and provided new insights into the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) for prostate cancer (PCA) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. All analyses were conducted with R software (version 3.6.3) and its suitable packages. Meta‐analysis was performed with STATA 16.0. TUBB3, WDR62 and PPARGC1A were finally identified to establish the IGPI score. The IGPI score increased with the augment of the Gleason score and T stage, as well as biochemical recurrence (BCR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Patients with a higher IGPI score were at a higher risk of progress (HR: 2·88; 95%CI: 95%CI: 1·80–4·61). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that patients in high‐risk group were positively associated with mismatch repair, cell cycle, DNA replication, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination and pyrimidine metabolism. We observed that patients in the high‐risk group had significantly higher tumour mutation burden score and microsatellite instability score than those in the low‐risk group. For analysis of immune checkpoint, ADORA2A, CD80, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF18 and TNFRSF25 were differentially expressed between no progress and progress groups and were significantly associated with progress free survival. We observed positive correlations between the IGPI score and lymphoid immune cells, macrophages M2 and immune score, while negative association between the IGPI score and dendritic cells, fibroblasts, stromal score and microenvironment score. In conclusion, the IGPI score constructed in this study might serve as an independent risk factor associated with PCA progression. ADORA2A, CD80, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF18 and TNFRSF25 might be the potential targets in the treatment of PCA.
Success of medicaments and techniques for pulpotomy of primary teeth: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Mathur Vijay Prakash , O’Connell Anne C. , Johnson Riya Marie , Rahul Morankar , Sultan Farheen , Goswami Mridula , Srivastav Sukeshana , Ritwik Priyanshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulpotomy is an effective, vital pulp therapy procedure for caries‐affected or traumatized primary teeth. Though its efficacy is widely accepted, the superiority of medicaments and techniques remains debatable.AimThe aims of this review were to compare the success rates of various pulpotomy medicaments or techniques, assess the methodological quality of reviews, and grade the level of evidence for each comparison.DesignThis review followed the principles of evidence‐based medicine and recommendations for the overview of systematic reviews. An a priori protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42021244489). A comprehensive literature search was performed by two reviewers, and studies were selected from various databases according to predefined criteria. Two reviewers independently used a self‐designed pilot‐tested form to extract data from the selected studies. A quality analysis was performed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews‐2 (AMSTAR‐2) and the ROBIS tool. Reporting characteristics and overlap of the primary studies were also assessed. We used modified Köhler's criteria for evaluating the quality of evidence for outcomes of included systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.ResultsThe scrutiny of 62 full‐text articles resulted in the inclusion of eight systematic reviews. The quality of four of the reviews was found to be critically low, and the overlap of primary studies in the meta‐analyses was found to be high. Pulpotomy medicaments/techniques, except calcium hydroxide, had success rates of more than 80% for all domains and time periods. Most of the comparisons revealed no differences in the clinical, radiographic, or overall success rates. Mineral trioxide aggregate, however, was found to have better radiographic and overall success rates than calcium hydroxide at periods greater than 12 and 18 months. It also had a greater radiographic success rate than full‐strength/1:5 diluted and full‐strength formocresol at 24 months. Formocresol was found to have better overall success rates than calcium hydroxide at all time periods and better radiographic success rates at 12 months. Only 12 of the 63 comparisons had suggestive or weak evidence, whereas all others had either negligible evidence or insufficient data.ConclusionsThe pulpotomy medicaments/techniques, except calcium hydroxide, showed success rates of more than 80%, whereas most comparisons revealed no differences. Mineral trioxide aggregate, however, was found to be better than calcium hydroxide and formocresol in several respects. This study highlights the lack of evidence regarding the choice of pulpotomy agents for the treatment of caries‐affected primary teeth and elucidates the domains that require primary studies in the future.
Barriers to and facilitators for supporting patient communication in the adult ICU during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Istanboulian Laura , Rose Louise , Yunusova Yana , Dale Craig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo explore barriers to and facilitators for supporting communication with and for patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA qualitative descriptive study reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.MethodsAdult intensive care unit patients treated with an advanced airway for mechanical ventilation, their family members and healthcare providers (nurses, intensivists and allied health) were recruited for interviews between January and April 2021. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis methods. Reported communication barriers and facilitators were mapped to the theoretical framework of acceptability to identify potentially modifiable clinical and institutional practices.ResultsWe recruited 29 participants (20 healthcare providers, four patients and five family member). Provider communication barriers included isolation procedures, lack of personal protective equipment and inadequate communication tools/training, which reduced perceived communication frequency and effectiveness. Patients and families reported infrequent proactive provision of communication tools, which contributed to a crisis of unmet needs. Reported facilitators included adequate access to personal protective equipment to mitigate the risk of patient proximity and communication tools/training to improve communication effectiveness. Authentic unit leadership helped to assuage pandemic work stressors and encourage humanistic care. Our analysis indicates low acceptability of existing communication practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the importance of leadership to reduce the burden of communication through provision of key necessary resources.ConclusionCOVID‐19 conditions have precipitated a communication crisis in the ICU. The results of this study have practice and policy implications and will be used to co‐design a communication intervention for use during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.ImpactThe study contributes a better understanding of resources necessary to support patient communication. Results apply beyond the pandemic to routine use of infection prevention and control precautions in the intensive care unit.
Head‐to‐head comparison of a risk‐adapted screening strategy using various risk prediction models in detecting colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Lu Ming , Zhang Yuhan , Cai Jie , Lu Bin , Luo Chenyu , Chen Hongda , Dai Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe risk‐adapted screening strategy showed satisfying colorectal cancer (CRC) screening yield and efficiency. We therefore further explored the diagnostic performance variation of this strategy using different risk prediction models.MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating risk models for advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACN). The included models were retrospectively validated in a subset sample (N = 3219) from a population‐based CRC screening trial in China. Diagnosis‐related indictors were compared between the risk‐adapted screening strategy using different models and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT)‐only strategy. For simulated populations with ACN prevalence of 3% to 12%, the trade‐off of additional false positives for each additional true positive were calculated.ResultsWe included 14 eligible risk models with the area under the curves ranging 0.570 to 0.652 in the validation set. The overall sensitivities of the risk‐adapted screening strategy using different risk models for ACN varied from 46.0% to 69.8%, higher than FIT (21.9%), but at the expense of specificities (51.6% to 78.3% vs 97.1%). For population having ACN prevalence of 3%, risk‐adapted screening strategies needed 20.5 to 31.1 additional false positives for each additional true positive compared with FIT, and respective number would substantially reduce (4.7 to 7.1) as the ACN prevalence increased to 12%.ConclusionsRisk‐adapted screening strategy using the current risk models showed improved sensitivity for ACN compared with FIT, at the cost of increased colonoscopy workload. The optimal strategy for screening practice should be tailored considering the disease burden and availability of healthcare resources.
Prognostic value of functional capacity after transitional rehabilitation in older patients hospitalized for heart failure
Authors: Scrutinio Domenico , Guida Pietro , Ruggieri Roberta , Passantino Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor functional status is highly prevalent among older patients hospitalized for HF and marks a downward inflection point in functional and prognostic trajectories. We assessed the prognostic value of 6‐min walk test after transitional cardiac rehabilitation in older patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF).MethodsWe studied 759 patients aged ≥60 years who had been transferred to six inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) from acute care hospitals after a hospitalization for acute HF. The primary outcome was 3‐year all‐cause mortality. We used multivariable Cox analysis to determine the association between 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) at discharge from the IRFs and the primary outcome, adjusting for established predictors of death. The optimal cutoff for 6MWD was considered as the one that maximized the chi‐square statistic.ResultsMean age was 75 ± 8 years. 6MWD significantly increased from admission to discharge (145 to 210 m; p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff for 6MWD was 198 m. After full adjustment, the hazard ratio for each 50 m‐increase in discharge 6MWD was 0.90 (0.87–0.94; p < 0.001) and that for discharge 6MWD dichotomized at the optimal cutoff 0.48 (0.38–0.60; p < 0.001). The incidence rate of death/100 person‐years for the patients who walked >198 m was 13.0 (10.0–15.5) compared with 30.8 (26.9–35.4) for those who walked <198 m. A statistically significant interaction of discharge 6MWD with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) on the risk of death was observed (p value for interaction 0.047).ConclusionsA rehabilitation intervention provided in the critical hospital‐to‐home transition period to older patients hospitalized for HF resulted in improved functional capacity. Increasing levels of functional capacity following rehabilitation were closely associated with decreasing risk of death; this association was significantly stronger for the subgroup with preserved EF.
Are Mindfulness‐Based Interventions as Effective as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Complicated Perinatal Grief? A Systematic Review
Authors: Dolan Niamh , Grealish Annmarie , Tuohy Teresa , Bright Ann‐Marie 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPerinatal loss can be a devastating experience for parents that can result in complicated grief symptoms that include depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Perinatal bereavement care pathways have been developed internationally within health care services; however, there is an apparent lack of recommendations and guidance on grief‐focused interventions specifically for complicated perinatal grief. Studies have analyzed the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for perinatal grief, and more recent research has emerged on the use of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) for perinatal grief symptoms. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and present the effectiveness of CBT and MBIs for perinatal grief, to report patient experiences of the interventions, and to determine which intervention can be more effective in managing symptoms of complicated perinatal grief.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of 5 academic databases: PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Social Science, and ASSIA. No limits on publication date, language, or geographic location were set because of the paucity of research published on this subject. Quality appraisal was conducted for each included study. Findings are reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement.ResultsThis systematic review identified 8 eligible studies with a total of 681 bereaved participants. The results were examined for effectiveness of CBT and MBIs for grief; effectiveness of CBT and MBIs for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress; and participant experiences. Both interventions produced favorable reductions of perinatal grief symptoms, depression, and posttraumatic stress. However, a true comparison between the 2 interventions’ effect on complicated perinatal grief symptoms could not be made because of the limited studies in this area and the heterogeneity of the included studies’ methods and outcomes.DiscussionBoth MBIs and CBT interventions can be effective in reducing symptoms of complicated perinatal grief. The findings of this review are heavily weighted in quantitative outcome measurements. More qualitative research and randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed in this area of perinatal bereavement care.