bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La place des jeunes africains sur les périmètres irrigués dans un contexte de libéralisation et de partenariat public privé : le cas des jeunes agriculteurs du delta du fleuve Sénégal
Authors: Sylla El Hadji Malick , Barbier Bruno , Seck Sidy Mohamed , Faye Mbène Dièye , Abdoulaye Tahirou 
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes different approaches to establishing rural youth in irrigation areas in the Senegal
River delta in the context of new hydro-agricultural developments and massive land acquisitions by agrobusiness.
Government-led irrigation projects introduced in the 1960s distributed free 0.2-hectare plots of
land to young workers from the surrounding region. However, in the 1980s, Senegal took a liberal turn
that led to a shift from public-sector to private-sector initiatives. As a result, young workers, who often
lack the means necessary to acquire land, have found it much more challenging to pursue farming in
irrigation areas. Since 2006, few young farmers have acquired any of the 5,000 hectares of new irrigated
farmland developed through programs based on the public-private partnership model. At the same time,
agro-industry growth has provided young people with many temporary and precarious employment
opportunities.

Based on surveys of farmers and agricultural workers in the Senegal River delta, we show how young
people find it increasingly difficult to acquire land or secure adequate employment in the agricultural
sector. In addition, we demonstrate that access to irrigated land, as opposed to salaried agricultural work,
represents the most effective strategy for poverty reduction.
Textural quality, growth parameters and oxidative responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed faba bean water extract diet
Authors: Li Yichao , Zhang Junming , Fu Bing , Xie Jun , Wang Guangjun , Tian Jingjing , Xia Yun , Yu Ermeng 
Published: March 2022

Texture is one of the key quality attributes used in the fresh and processed fish industry to assess product quality and consumer acceptability. To improve the textural quality of tilapia, we formulated the expanded pellet diet (EPD) and pellet diet (PD), both containing faba bean (Vicia faba, FB) water extract, a previously reported potential aquafeed additive to increase flesh texture. The common diet was used as a control. After Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed three kinds of experimental diet for 120 days, muscle textural quality, growth parameters, oxidative response and immune parameters were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth parameters between the three groups (P > 0.05). The highest measure of textural quality (hardness and chewiness) was found for the PD group, followed by the EPD and the control (P < 0.05). Less oxidative damage to the hepatopancreas and intestine was found in the EPD compared with the PD group, as demonstrated by the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and intestinal digestive enzyme activity (amylase and lipase). Taken together, this study highlights the potential usefulness in commercial settings of FB water extract for improving the textural quality of tilapia, and EPD containing faba bean water extract could be more advanced substitute for faba bean in tilapia culture in term of both effectiveness in textural quality improvement and health status enhancement compared with PD.
Seasonal and Multivariate Characteristics of Atmospheric Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metals in Lagos-Suburban
Authors: Iroegbulem I. U. , Egereonu E. E. , Ogukwe C. E. , Akalezi C. O. , Nkwoada A. U. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Insufficient data on atmospheric pollution research exists in Lagos-suburban areas, and in some cases, studies are yet to be carried out. The aim is to study criteria pollutants seasonal characteristics, suspended particulate matter, and particulate heavy metal concentrations interactions in the Lagos suburban by multivariate techniques
Methodology: Assessment of 3 criteria pollutants, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and 6 particulate heavy metal concentrations, at 10 different suburban locations in Lagos was performed and interpreted by multivariate analysis to determine their sources, distribution, and pollution status. AQI values indicated a non-hazardous environment that is moderately unhealthy and sensitive to vulnerable populations.
Results: Values of CO among the 10 sites ranged from 468-1350 µg/m3 during the wet season, and 447-1864 µg/m3 during dry seasons and both exceeded World Health Organization (WHO), and Nigerian Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) regulations. NO2 concentration exceeded the FMEnv standard and suggest the likelihood of health challenges to the unsuspecting population. Cl- anion accounts for 85% of the total anion concentrations, and others had low standard deviations < 5%. A correlation of (Na+ and SO42-), (Ca2+ and NO3-), (K+ and SO42-) showed active atmospheric water chemistry in the study locations. Determined levels of Cd and Ni particulate did not exceed WHO guidelines, while only Alagbado and Surulere were the major Pb hotspots. Pearson correlation showed the heavy metals differ from each other during each season, but Zn/Zn and Fe/Fe showed a strong link between the metal concentrations and the seasons. Peripheral component analysis indicated that Cd and Cu particulate matter accounts for 75% of the variance, while cluster analysis showed the similarity of relationship in terms of concentration for the wet season.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study provided invaluable data on atmospheric pollution and the development of improved protocols for pollution guidelines in suburban Lagos.
Knowledge, Practice, and Awareness about Preventive Measures of Chikungunya among Traders Community in Mitford Region of Dhaka City
Authors: Akhter Fahima , Begum Nasima , Jahan Hasna 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitos that causes a regional epidemic and becomes a remarkable public health problem. Chikungunya disease outbreak was first identified in Bangladesh in 2008. Very limited information is available to assess knowledge, practice, and awareness of the community to prevent Chikungunya. As community engagement and motivational interventions are mainly focused to prevent mosquito bite and to control their breeding, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice, and awareness (KPA) of the community for preventive measures about Chikungunya.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Mitford region of Dhaka city from January to May 2021 among 280 traders and data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and observational checklist.
Results: Most of the respondents had informed about Chikungunya from media (41.79%). About 50.71% respondents were informed about the transmitted vector of chikungunya and out of them, 47.18% also had knowledge that Aedes variant is the specific vector for this disease, but more than half (55.71%) did not know that it is a viral borne disease. Again, only 16.43% of the respondents knew about the actual biting time. Study also revealed that 38.93% respondents practiced bed net, 18.21% mosquito coils and 13.22% aerosol as effective preventive measures. Only 25% aware to keep drain, free from blockage, 20.72% aware to change water from house plant container and only 6.79% aware to notify city corporation authority to take necessary action to prevent spreading of disease though 50% of the respondent stated that they were aware about government existing activity of fogging the areas, destroying the bush (23.93%) and improving water drainage system (18.93%) that effectively destroy further breeding of vector and spreading of transmission. About 67.5% took paracetamol as the primary management and 11.79% aware to take bed rest but 11% did not aware about the management. 62% were conscious about the joint complication but 28.22% did not have any idea.
Conclusion: This study found that community had lack of knowledge, practice, and awareness to take proper preventive measures that might be improved by formulating an extensive community-based guideline involving the concerned municipal authority and other stockholders by updating the gaps in knowledge, practice and to organize awareness tracing program among the community.
Analysis of Hemoglobin Levels among Oral Cancer Patients: An Institutional Study
Authors: Desai Karishma , Ramani Pratibha , Pandiar Deepak 
Published: March 2022

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. It is estimated that approximately half of all the tumors affecting the head and neck region commonly affect the oral cavity. Premalignant lesions can manifest as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, keratosis or even oral candidiasis. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein contained in the red blood cells of the body and plays an important role in delivery of oxygen to the tissues. A sufficient level of Hemoglobin is required to maintain oxygenation of the tissues. Anemia is defined as a reduction in hemoglobin levels below the lower limit pertaining to a particular age group. Treating anemia by increasing the levels of hemoglobin has proven to increase the quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze the Hb level in OSCC patients attending our institution.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective institutional study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethical Approval Board to access patient records and data. A total of 5, 00,000 case sheets were analyzed from June 2019 to February 2021. Suitable inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and case sheets were shortlisted. The data were entered in MS Excel spreadsheet and further statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS. All results were displayed as graphs and pie charts.
Results: 64 cases of OSCC were included in the present study with a male predominance. 45% of the study population had a level between 9-11 mg/dl. 60.3% of the population belonged to the age group of 50 and above.
Conclusion: Anemia in cancer can be precipitated due to various factors. It can be caused or exacerbated by the cancer itself due to immunosuppression or due to chemotherapy. Anemia can also be pre existing due to underlying conditions. It was found that hemoglobin levels are found to be higher in males and higher in ages 50+ when compared to ages 30-40. Low levels of hemoglobin and anemic conditions in oral cancer patients can cause excessive fatigue and can significantly affect quality of life and hence, hemoglobin therapy is widely administered to oral cancer patients.
Is Decline Possible in Congenital Heart Defects by Adjusting Avoidable Risk Factors?
Authors: Goswami Pushpa , Sheikh Waseemullah , Rajpar Farhana , Qazi Nayab , Rabia Bibi , Gul Fahmida 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading causes of birth defects-associated morbidity and mortality with incidence variable with geographic locale, race, family history and gender of the baby.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 96 infants after ethical approval; infants of both genders with diagnosis of CHDs were registered. After complete history and physical examination type of anomaly observed was confirmed by echocardiography. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 Chi square test was applied for comparison of categorical variables, p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: During study period total 96 patients were examined. Significant association of various types of CHDs with cousin marriage, lack of folic acid intake and positive family history were observed on Pearson chi-square statically significant p-value (<0.01) was observed shown in tables.
Conclusion: Further studies on modifiable risk factors on big sample size will be very helpful in decreasing the load of CHDs, and patients can also be facilitated with early diagnosis and management.
Target localization accuracy in frame‐based stereotactic radiosurgery: Comparison between MR‐only and MR/CT co‐registration approaches
Authors: Pappas Eleftherios P. , Seimenis Ioannis , Kouris Panagiotis , Theocharis Stefanos , Lampropoulos Kostas I. , Kollias Georgios , Karaiskos Pantelis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeIn frame‐based Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery two treatment planning workflows are commonly employed; one based solely on magnetic resonance (MR) images and the other based on magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT) co‐registered images. In both workflows, target localization accuracy (TLA) can be deteriorated due to MR‐related geometric distortions and/or MR/CT co‐registration uncertainties. In this study, the overall TLA following both clinical workflows is evaluated for cases of multiple brain metastases.MethodsA polymer gel‐filled head phantom, having the Leksell stereotactic headframe attached, was CT‐imaged and irradiated by a GK Perfexion unit. A total of 26 4‐mm shots were delivered at 26 locations directly defined in the Leksell stereotactic space (LSS), inducing adequate contrast in corresponding T2‐weighted (T2w) MR images. Prescribed shot coordinates served as reference locations. An additional MR scan was acquired to implement the “mean image” distortion correction technique. The TLA for each workflow was assessed by comparing the radiation‐induced target locations, identified in MR images, with corresponding reference locations. Using T1w MR and CT images of 15 patients (totaling 81 lesions), TLA in clinical cases was similarly assessed, considering MR‐corrected data as reference. For the MR/CT workflow, both global and region of interest (ROI)‐based MR/CT registration approaches were studied.ResultsIn phantom measurements, the MR‐corrected workflow demonstrated unsurpassed TLA (median offset of 0.2 mm) which deteriorated for MR‐only and MR/CT workflows (median offsets of 0.8 and 0.6 mm, respectively). In real‐patient cases, the MR‐only workflow resulted in offsets that exhibit a significant positive correlation with the distance from the MR isocenter, reaching 1.1 mm (median 0.6 mm). Comparable results were obtained for the MR/CT‐global workflow, although a maximum offset of 1.4 mm was detected. TLA was improved with the MR/CT‐ROI workflow resulting in median/maximum offsets of 0.4 mm/1.1 mm.ConclusionsSubpixel TLA is achievable in all workflows. For the MR/CT workflow, a ROI‐based MR/CT co‐registration approach could considerably increase TLA and should be preferred instead of a global registration.
Biological effective dose in analysis of rectal dose in prostate cancer patients who underwent a combination therapy of VMAT and LDR with hydrogel spacer insertion
Authors: Zhang Honglai , Wang Lin , Riegel Adam C. , Antone Jeffrey , Potters Louis , Lee Lucille , Cao Yijian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate rectal dose reduction in prostate cancer patients who underwent a combination of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy with insertion of hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR). For this study, 35 patients receiving hydrogel spacer and 30 patients receiving no spacer were retrospectively enrolled. Patient was treated to doses of 45 Gy to the primary tumor site and nodal regions over 25 fractions using VMAT and 100 Gy to the prostate using prostate seed implant (PSI). In VMAT plans of patients with no spacer, mean doses of rectal wall were 43.6, 42.4, 40.1, and 28.8 Gy to the volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively. In patients with SpaceOAR, average rectal wall doses decreased to 39.0, 36.9, 33.5, and 23.9 Gy to the volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively (p < 0.01). In PSI plans, rectal wall doses were on average 78.5, 60.9, 41.8, and 14.8 Gy to the volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively, in patients without spacer. In contrast, the doses decreased to 34.5, 28.4, 20.6 (p < 0.01), and 8.5 Gy (p < 0.05) to rectal wall volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively, in patient with SpaceOAR. To demonstrate rectal sum dose sparing, dose‐biological effective dose (BED) calculation was accomplished in those patients who showed >60% overlap of rectal volumetric doses between VMAT and PSI. In patients with SpaceOAR, average BEDsum was decreased up to 34%, which was 90.1, 78.9, 65.9, and 40.8 Gy to rectal volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively, in comparison to 137.4, 116.7, 93.0, and 50.2 Gy to the volume of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 cm3, respectively, in those with no spacer. Our result suggested a significant reduction of rectal doses in those patients who underwent a combination of VMAT and LDR with hydrogel spacer placement.
Double‐Defense Design of Super‐Anti‐Fouling Membranes for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Dong Dianyu , Zhu Yuzhang , Fang Wangxi , Ji Miaozhou , Wang Aqiang , Gao Shoujian , Lin Hongzhen , Huang Rong , Jin Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOil fouling threatens the water flux stability of membranes for oil/water separation. Simple hydrophilic modification fights for an opportunity to prevent oil contamination but fails to eliminate severe water flux decline. In essence, a “single‐defense” mechanism is insufficient to build a potent barrier against accumulated cake layer under a filtration environment. This work reports a “double‐defense” design by integrating hydrophilic polymer brushes and hydrogel layer on oil/water separation membranes for desired anti‐oil‐fouling property, where a poly(vinylidene fluoride) porous membrane is first covered by a layer of poly(hydroxyethyl methylacrylate) hydrogel and then controllably grafted with poly(sulfobetaine) brushes. The spatially hierarchical structure establishes a highly covered “double‐defense” barrier for the membrane surface to efficiently repel oil adhesion and the formation of an accumulated cake layer. When separating various surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions, the permeating flux displays a nearly zero decline throughout the whole filtration period. Most importantly, the permeating flux of the membrane is almost the same when filtrating pure water and filtrating oil‐in‐water emulsions, which is difficult to be achieved by the general membranes, indicating that the membrane has excellent anti‐oil‐fouling property superior to the currently reported membranes.
Dual‐Phase Regulation for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lin Kebin , Yan Chuanzhong , Sabatini Randy P. , Feng Wenjing , Lu Jianxun , Liu Kaikai , Ma Dongxin , Shen Yueyue , Zhao Yaping , Li Mingliang , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Sargent Edward H. , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pero‐LEDs) have attracted significant attention due to their high color purity and solution processing, presenting potential applications for next‐generation solid‐state lighting and displays. Continued materials development has shown that passivating non‐radiative defects can improve device performance. In theory, CsPbBr3&Cs4PbBr6 should be a model emitter for Pero‐LEDs, as its lattice matching provides ideal passivation and efficient exciton confinement. However, the low charge transport of Cs4PbBr6 has so far hindered device performance. Herein, a dual‐phase regulation method to grow a CsPbBr3&Cs4PbBr6 perovskite layer that enables efficient electrical injection is developed. This leads to the realization that Pero‐LEDs with a maximum EQE of 22.3% with a luminance of 10,050 cd m−2, and the devices show a T50 of 59 h at 130 cd m−2.
“Cells‐to‐cDNA on Chip”: Phenotypic Assessment and Gene Expression Analysis from Live Cells in Nanoliter Volumes Using Droplet Microarrays
Authors: Chakraborty Shraddha , Luchena Charlotte , Elton Jonathan J. , Schilling Marcel P. , Reischl Markus , Roux Margaux , Levkin Pavel A. , Popova Anna A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn vitro cell‐based experiments are particularly important in fundamental biological research. Microscopy‐based readouts to identify cellular changes in response to various stimuli are a popular choice, but gene expression analysis is essential to delineate the underlying molecular dynamics in cells. However, cell‐based experiments often suffer from interexperimental variation, especially while using different readout methods. Therefore, establishment of platforms that allow for cell screening, along with parallel investigations of morphological features, as well as gene expression levels, is crucial. The droplet microarray (DMA) platform enables cell screening in hundreds of nanoliter droplets. In this study, a “Cells‐to‐cDNA on Chip” method is developed enabling on‐chip mRNA isolation from live cells and conversion to cDNA in individual droplets of 200 nL. This novel method works efficiently to obtain cDNA from different cell numbers, down to single cell per droplet. This is the first established miniaturized on‐chip strategy that enables the entire course of cell screening, phenotypic microscopy‐based assessments along with mRNA isolation and its conversion to cDNA for gene expression analysis by real‐time PCR on an open DMA platform. The principle demonstrated in this study sets a beginning for myriad of possible applications to obtain detailed information about the molecular dynamics in cultured cells.
Air‐Permeable Waterproofing Electrocardiogram Patch to Monitor Full‐Day Activities for Multiple Days
Authors: Oh Joosung , Jang Seok Geun , Moon Sungmin , Kim Junho , Park Hyung Keun , Kim Hyoung Seop , Park Sung‐Min , Jeong Unyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn‐skin healthcare patch‐type devices have great technological challenges in monitoring full‐day activities and wearing for multiple days without detachment. These challenges can be overcome when the sensor is air permeable but waterproof. This study presents a light‐weight, highly stable, and stretchable Au electrode that is fabricated by sputtering on an imidized nanofiber mat. The contact surface of the electrode is hydro‐wetting and the outer surface of the electrode is hydrophobic, so the porous electrode simultaneously has excellent sweat permeability and waterproofing capabilities. The electrode is applied to the electrocardiogram sensor for monitoring the cardiac signals for five consecutive days without detaching while doing various full‐day activities such as relaxing, exercising, showering, and sleeping. This study suggests a modular setup of the electrodes and the cardiac signal processing unit for activating the device when cardiac monitoring is required.