bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR21 deletion in osteocytes has direct and indirect effects on skeletal muscle in a sex-dimorphic manner in mice
Authors: Essex Alyson , Deosthale Padmini , Huot Joshua , Davis Hannah M , Momeni Nicholas , Bonetto Andrea , Plotkin Lilian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Osteocytic microRNA21 (miR21) removal alters cytokine production and bone mass by modulating osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. Removing osteocytic miR21 alters bone in a sex-dependent manner in mice but produces sex-independent increases in mechanical bone strength. Because changes in bone remodeling and strength affect skeletal muscle through bone-muscle crosstalk, we investigated whether osteocytic miR21 deletion influences skeletal muscle.Methods: miR21fl/fl mice and 8kbDMP1-Cre mice were mated to obtain mice miR21-deficient mice primarily in the osteocyte (OtmiR21Δ) and littermate controls (miR21fl/fl). Four-month-old male and female mice were analyzed. Body composition was examined by DXA/Piximus and gene expression by qPCR. 2-tailed Student’s t-tests were performed to determine significant differences between groups within each sex.Results: Lean body mass was increased only in female OtmiR21Δ mice, although miR21 levels in soleus muscle were similar in miR21fl/fl (0.05±0.02) and OtmiR21Δ (0.09±0.04) mice. Female, but not male, OtmiR21Δ mice exhibited increased soleus (42%) and gastrocnemius (21%) muscle weight compared to miR21fl/fl littermates. However, muscle strength and gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional area were unaltered for either sex. C2C12 myotubes treated after 5 day-differentiation with conditioned media from 48h-cultured marrow-flushed bones of female OtmiR21Δ mice exhibit 12% higher average diameter compared to cells exposed to miR21fl/fl bone conditioned media. Yet, conditioned media from male bones had no effect on myotube size. Kinase activation in soleus muscle, measured by phospho-/total protein ratio using Multiplex analyses was also selectively changed depending on the mouse sex. Thus, female OtmiR21Δ mice have increased ERK1/2 but decreased Akt activation than miR21fl/fl controls, while male OtmiR21Δ mice had increased Akt activation, suggesting sex-dimorphic shifts in anabolic vs. catabolic signaling. Levels of FOXO3 and MuRF-1, known to be regulated by Akt, were only increased in male OtmiR21Δ mice. MUSA and Atrogin-1 mRNA levels were upregulated in female OtmiR21Δ mice, suggesting a potential shift in protein regulation. Conclusions: We present a novel aspect of bone-muscle crosstalk in which osteocyte-derived miR21 influences skeletal muscle size, but not strength, in female but not male mice, whereas intracellular signaling alterations resulting from loss of miR21 seem to alter protein dynamics in a sex-dimorphic fashion.
Clinical case of Factitious Hypoglycemia Due to Deliberate Insulin Analog Administration and Spontaneous Hyperglycemia in a Patient with Hypothyroidism.
Authors: Yukina Marina , Katsobashvili Ilana , Platonova Nadezhda , Troshina Ekaterina , Mel'nichenko Galina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypoglycemic syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can lead to disruption of the brain and internal organs, and in severe stages to irreparable consequences or death due to hypoglycemic coma. Factitious hypoglycemia (FH) is the deliberate use of insulin preparations or oral hypoglycemic drugs to reduce blood glucose level. In addition to the fact of deliberate administration of insulin analogs is difficult to prove: immunoassays targeting different epitopes and thus demonstrating high cross-reactivity are necessary (Abbott ARCHITECT).
Case presentation:
Patient S., 34 years old, was admitted to the Endocrinology Research Centre in September 2021 with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and DM. On admission she complained of impaired swallowing, sore throat, "twitching" pain in the neck, hoarseness of voice, episodic headaches, periorbital swelling mainly in the morning, high glycemia indexes up to a maximum of 34 mmol/l, numbness and swelling of lower extremities. Only under strict medical supervision was normalization of the free T4 level achieved. Installation of a continuous interstitial glycemic monitoring system made it possible to determine the discrepancy between the blood glucose reading from the finger (up to 18 mmol/L), which may have been intentionally contaminated with a sweet solution, and the system recorded in the interstitium (normoglycemia). An important feature of the case, are the borderline ambiguous results of hormonal parameters against the background of hypoglycemia: there was no suppression C-peptide (more than 0.6 ng/mL), and insulin levels were either greater than 3 µU/mL or less, but both hormones were at borderline levels.
Conclusions
This clinical example illustrates the need for vigilance regarding the intentional taking of medications or, conversely, non-compliance with prescriptions in each patient. Only under strict medical supervision was normalization of free T4 levels achieved. Installation of a continuous interstitial glycemic monitoring system made it possible to determine the discrepancy between the blood glucose reading from the finger (up to 18 mmol/L), which may have been intentionally contaminated with a sweet solution, and the system recorded in the interstitium (normoglycemia).
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Machine Learning Algorithm for Assessing Environmental and Socio-economic Vulnerability to Drought: A Study in Godavari Middle Sub-Basin, India
Authors: Masroor Md , Termeh Seyed Vahid Razavi- , Rahaman Md Hibjur , Choudhari Pandurang , Kulimushi Luc Cimusa , Sajjad Haroon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Climate change has increased the frequency of drought occurrence in various parts of the world. Drought as a complex phenomenon causes severe impacts on ecological and socio-economic status. Short-term and long-term occurrences of drought have made many regions vulnerable globally. This paper makes an attempt to assess drought vulnerability in Godavari Middle Sub-basin of India. Twenty-four site specific socio-economic and environmental factors were identified based on the extensive literature review. Drought frequency was assessed using standardized precipitation index (SPI). These datasets were divided into training (70 %) and testing (30 %) data. Frequency ratio (FR) model was utilized to establish relationship among drought conditioning factors and drought frequency. Weights obtained from the FR model were used as input to the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) model. Drought vulnerability results were validated using the testing data and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The accuracy of ANFIS models for one-month (0.957), three-months (0.882), six-months (0.964) and twelve-months (0.938) reflected high suitability of ANFIS model for the assessment of drought vulnerability. The findings revealed that very low normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and increasing trend of highest maximum and mean maximum temperature were major environmental factors influencing high drought vulnerability in the sub-basin. High proportion of area under fallow land, high infant mortality rate (IMR) and moderate literacy rate were identified major socio-economic factors making watersheds vulnerable during short and long-term droughts. Largest area of the sub-basin was found under high vulnerability during three-months, six-months and twelve-months droughts. Thus, the study calls for policy intervention towards lessening the impact of drought in highly vulnerable watersheds.
Antileishmania and immunomodulatory potential of cashew nut shell liquid and cardanol
Authors: Ribeiro Iuliana Marjory Martins , de Sousa Valéria Carlos , de Carvalho Rita de Cássia Viana , Santos Maisa de Sousa dos , Neto José Arimatéia de Oliveira Nery , de Melo Danielly Silva , Teixeira Letícia Soares de Araújo , Citó Maria das Graças Lopes , Moura Arkellau Kenned Silva , Carvalho Fernando Aécio de Amorim , Alves Michel Muálem Moraes , de Mendonça Ivete Lopes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, endemic in 98 countries, constituting a major public health problem. Conventional treatments cause serious adverse effects, poor tolerance, development of resistant strains, and are costly. Natural products have been investigated in the search for therapeutic alternatives. The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a natural source of phenolic compounds, showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, antitumors, larvicides and insecticides, with cardanol (CN) being considered one of the most important and promising technical components. This study aimed to evaluate antileishmania, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities of CNSL and CN. The substances showed antileishmania potential, with values of mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CNSL and CN against Leishmania infantum: 148.12 and 56.74 µg/mL; against Leishmania braziliensis: 85.71 and 64.28 µg/ml; against Leishmania major: 153.56 and 122.31 µg/mL, respectively. The mean cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of CNSL and CN were 37.51 and 31.44 µg/mL, respectively. CNSL and CN significantly reduced the percentage of infected macrophages, with a selectivity index (SI) > 20 for CN. CNSL and cardanol caused an increase in phagocytic capacity and lysosomal volume, however, they did not exhibit significant induction of nitric oxide synthesis. Survival rates of Zophobas morio larvae at doses of 3; 30 and 300 mg/Kg were: 85%, 75% and 60% in contact with CNSL and 85%, 60% and 40% in contact with CN, respectively. There was a significant difference between the survival curves of larvae when treated with CN, demonstrating a significant acute toxicity for this substance. Additional investigations are needed to evaluate these substances in the in vivo experimental infection model.
Microwave absorption behavior of low loading ratio of Ni3+0.25Ni2+0.375Zn2+0.25Fe2O4 nanoparticles coated with polyaniline within paraffin wax matrix
Authors: houbi anas , Aldashevich Zharmenov , Saule MIRZALIEVA , Telmanovna Bagasharova 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
NiZn ferrite (Ni3 + 0.25Ni2+0.375Zn2+0.25Fe2O4) is coated with polyaniline (PANI) using an in-situ polymerization technique. Three various weight ratios of PANI/Ni3 + 0.25Ni2+0.375Zn2+0.25Fe2O4 (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) are synthesized. The absorbers are synthesized by introducing PANI/F nanocomposites within a paraffin wax of 25% w/w. X-ray diffractometry, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA analysis and SEM analysis are utilized in order to characterize the samples. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption (MA) properties are measured in the frequency band of 8.8–12 GHz to investigate the microwave characterization. Minimal reflection loss of -19.8 dB at the matching frequency of 10.8 GHz and the absorption bandwidth under − 10 dB of 2.2 GHz for 3.12 mm thickness with a surface density of 3.07 kg/m2 are noticed for the PANI/F.2 nanocomposite sample. The maximum shielding efficiency of 23.18 dB at 11.1 GHz for 2.90 mm thickness is observed for the PANI/F.2 nanocomposite.
Development and validation of a nomogram to assess postoperative venous thromboembolism risk in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cai Yongsheng , Dong Honghong , Li Xinyang , Liu Yi , Hu Bin , Li Hui , Miao Jinbai , Chen Qirui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication in patients with lung cancer that seriously affects prognosis and quality of life. This study aimed to establish a nomogram for predicting the probability of postoperative VTE risk in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: 452 patients with stage IA NSCLC from January 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3.Independent risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was established based on the results and internally validated. The predictive power of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: The nomogram included three risk factors: age, preoperative D-dimer, and intermuscular vein dilatation. The areas under the ROC curve of this model were 0.832 (95% CI: 0.732-0.924) and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.668-0.930) in the training and validation sets, respectively, showing good discriminative power. In addition, the probability of postoperative VTE occurrence predicted by the nomogram was consistent with the actual occurrence probability. In the decision curve, the nomogram had a better net clinical benefit at a threshold probability of 5%-90%.Conclusion: This study is the first to develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative VTE in patients with stage IA NSCLC; this nomogram can accurately and intuitively evaluate the probability of VTE in these patients and help clinicians make decisions on prevention and treatment.
Phylogenetic Constraint Test in Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Neotropical Swarm-founding Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini)
Authors: Cunha Dayana Alves da Silva , de Menezes Rodolpho Santos Telles , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Junior William Fernando Antonialli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are present in several insects. One of the most important functions of these compounds in social insects is the exchange of signals during interactions between nestmates. Although we know about the functions performed by CHCs, we still have little information about how these compounds evolved within different groups of insects, especially among wasps. In this study, we examine the diversity and abundance of the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of 17 species of Epiponini wasps using a phylogenetic approach. We investigated phylogenetic constraints on the evolution of CHCs in Epiponini. We then calculated the phylogenetic signal for all compounds present in the studied species. For several CHC traits, the phylogenetic signal was low, indicating a random expectation. Moreover, within a phylogenetic context, we did not find a pattern of increasing or decreasing number of compounds or structural groups. However, we verified that Epiponini wasps, a tribe that shows colony foundation by swarming, exhibit a smaller number of CHC compounds than the tribes (Mischocyttarini and Polistini) that show an independent foundation. Probably this difference is related to their type of nest and nesting behavior.
Nonlinear autocorrelation function of functional time series
Authors: Huang Xin , Shang Han Lin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In functional time series analysis, the functional autocorrelation function (fACF) plays an important role in revealing the temporal dependence structures underlying the dynamics and identifying the lags at which substantial correlation exists. However, akin to its counterpart in the univariate case, the fACF is restricted by linear structure and can be misleading in reflecting nonlinear temporal dependence. This paper proposes a nonlinear alternative to the fACF for analyzing the temporal dependence in functional time series. We consider linear and nonlinear data generating processes, namely a functional autoregressive process and a functional generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity process. We demonstrate that, when the process exhibits linear temporal structures, the inference obtained from our proposed nonlinear fACF is consistent with that from the fACF. When the underlying process exhibits nonlinear temporal dependence, our nonlinear fACF has a superior capability in uncovering the nonlinear structure that the fACF misleads. An empirical data analysis highlights its applications in unveiling nonlinear temporal structures in the daily curves of the intraday volatility dynamics of the foreign exchange rate.
Gene mining of immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhi-Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence, development and prognosis of liver cancer are closely related to tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immune infiltration. Therefore, important information on various diseases can be obtained from public databases such as The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA), and ideas or schemes that may be effective for the treatment of various diseases can be screened and analyzed by screening various conditions. In this study, 424 cases of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) in the TCGA database and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to calculate the proportion of tumor-invasive immune cells. Combined with the clinical data from TCGA database, it was concluded that Tregs were correlated with the development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cox regression analysis was used to screen differentially expressed genes, and survival analysis was performed according to the screened differentially expressed genes to see whether there was a significant association with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Then GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes were carried out to explore the possibility of differentially expressed genes becoming potential therapeutic targets of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, I identified the gene CENPO, which is associated with immune cells and improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. CENPO may be a potential biological therapeutic target for hepatocellular treatment.
Zoonotic Diseases Risk Perception and Infection Prevention and Control Practices Among Poultry Farmers in the Buea Health District: a One Health Perspective
Authors: Bissong Marie Ebob Agbortabot , Lyombe Johnny Castro Nganjo , Asongalem Emmanuel Acha , Ngamshi Robert Bongji , Tendongfor Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Livestock are associated with pathogenic microbes and farm workers play a significant role in the transmission of zoonotic diseases (ZDs). Lack of awareness of exposure risk among farmers may influence their farm practices thereby enhancing the spread of diseases in farms and to the community. This study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, risk perception and prevention and control practices of ZDs among poultry farmers in order to baseline data for establishing a one health practical approach to reducing zoonotic disease transmission in poultry farms.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study involving poultry farmers was carried out in the Buea Health District from April to July 2021, using a multi- stage sampling technique. Six feed-producing mills were used as focal points to meet farmers and the snowball technique was used to trace the farms. Questionnaires were used to collect data related to participants’ knowledge, risk perception and preventive and control practices of ZDs. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25.
Results
In all, 183 poultry farms and 207 workers were enrolled in the study. Despite being aware that animal diseases can be transmitted to humans, most participants showed poor knowledge, poor risk perception and poor prevention/control practices on ZDs. Majority did not consider coming in contact with bird’s blood/body fluid or apparently healthy birds to be a risk of infection. More participants with small farm size (< 500 birds) had low risk perception to ZDs than those with larger farms (> 1000 birds) (P = 0.03). Furthermore, most participants reported practicing hand washing but they neither used protective devices such as gloves and face mask and > 50% would not invite veterinary professionals to their farms. There was significant association between risk perception and knowledge (P = 0.007; CI = 1.257–4.200) as well as between risk perception and prevention/control practice (P = 0.002; CI = 1.451–4.867).
Conclusion
Poultry farm workers in Buea have poor knowledge and perception on zoonotic disease risk and this has contributed to their poor prevention/control practices in the farms. Enhanced informal education of farm owners and workers through training workshops and seminars will improve on their knowledge and skills on zoonotic disease transmission risk and prevention.
Leaf phenotype response to different intensities monochromatic blue and red light affects stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity
Authors: Chen Jiyu , Gao Jing , Li Shenglan , Fan Yuanfang , Chen Ping , Wang Qi , Tan Tingting , Yang Wenyu , Yang Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Stomatal conductance is a limiting factor of plant photosynthesis. Studies on the influencing factors of stomatal conductance amongst different species are abundant, but the effect of leaf phenotype on stomatal conductance is usually ignored in study. Here, the experiment set different intensities monochromatic blue and red light. We investigated the upper and lower epidermis stomatal traits, leaf structure, the maximum operational stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of soybean leaves. In addition, the contribution of leaf structure and stomatal characteristics to stomatal conductance was quantified by a new software package.
Results
In this study, net photosynthetic rate was tightly coupled with operational stomatal conductance, inhibited by red light and enhanced by blue light. Regardless of light environment, the maximum operational stomatal conductance was mainly affected by leaf thickness according to the analysis of contribution rate, rather than stomatal density of upper and lower epidermis. A significant positive correlation was found between leaf structure and stomatal density, but the correlation between stomatal density and stomatal size was not found. Regardless of the amounts of light intensities, stomatal density (SD), palisade tissue and specific leaf weight (SLW) were mainly regulated by blue light, whereas red light was more important to stomatal size and spongy tissue.
Conclusions
Although leaf thickness is more critical in affecting stomatal conductance than stomatal density, blue light mainly promotes leaf thickness and stomatal density, which coordinated each other to facilitate stomatal conductance, thereby positively regulating photosynthetic capacity.