bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of biologic and targeted-synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in rheumatoid arthritis in Australia
Authors: Fletcher Ashley , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn , Hill Catherine , Barrett Claire , Carroll Graeme , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe treatment patterns in RA, including the frequency and reasons for switching or stopping biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs).

Methods
The reasons for switching or stopping b/tsDMARDs were extracted from the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD) from 2003 to 2018 for RA participants. Switching patterns for each b/tsDMARD and time on first-, second- and third-line b/tsDMARDs were evaluated using Sankey diagrams and survival methods.

Results
A total of 2839 participants were included in the analysis. The first-line b/tsDMARDs were etanercept (n = 1414), adalimumab (n = 1024), infliximab (n = 155), golimumab (n = 98), abatacept (n = 66), certolizumab (n = 38), tocilizumab (n = 21) and tofacitinib (n = 23). Of those starting first-, second- and third-line biologic therapy, 24.0%, 31.8% and 24.4% switched to another b/tsDMARD within 12 months, respectively. Inefficacy or adverse effects were the most common reasons for stopping therapy, irrespective of line of treatment. Compared with first-line etanercept, participants were more likely to stop adalimumab [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.29] and infliximab (HR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.16). No differences were seen for other b/tsDMARDs. For second-line therapies compared with etanercept, the risk of stopping was lower for tocilizumab (HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.70), rituximab (HR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.85) and tofacitinib (HR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.57). Participants taking rituximab, tocilizumab and tofacitinib were also less likely to stop third-line therapy in comparison with participants taking etanercept.

Conclusions
Switching between b/tsDMARDs was common among ARAD participants with RA, most commonly due to inefficacy or adverse effects. Durability of exposure and reasons for switching varied between b/tsDMARDs.
Inter-brain neural mechanism underlying turn-based interaction under acute stress in women: a hyperscanning study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Hanxuan , Li Yadan , Wang Xuewei , Kan Yuecui , Xu Sihua , Duan Haijun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the ever-changing social environment, stress has exerted a substantial influence on social interaction. The present study examined the underlying cognitive and neural mechanism on how acute stress affected the real-time cooperative and competitive interaction with four hypothesized path models. We used the hyperscanning technique based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device to examine brain-to-brain coherence within the dyads engaging Pattern Game under acute stress manipulated through Trier Social Stress Test for Groups. Behavioral results showed stressed dyads exhibited better cooperative performance and higher self-other overlap level during the cooperative session than dyads in the control group. The fNIRS results identified higher interpersonal brain synchronization in the right temporal-parietal junction (r-TPJ) stronger Granger causality from partner-to-builder during the cooperative session in the stress group when compared with the control group. Our results corroborated better performance in the cooperative context and further identified that brain-to-brain coherence in r-TPJ and self-other overlap serially mediated the effect of acute stress on cooperative performance.
Lacking social support is associated with structural divergences in hippocampus–default network co-variation patterns
Authors: Zajner Chris , Spreng R Nathan , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Elaborate social interaction is a pivotal asset of the human species. The complexity of people’s social lives may constitute the dominating factor in the vibrancy of many individuals’ environment. The neural substrates linked to social cognition thus appear especially susceptible when people endure periods of social isolation: here, we zoom in on the systematic inter-relationships between two such neural substrates, the allocortical hippocampus (HC) and the neocortical default network (DN). Previous human social neuroscience studies have focused on the DN, while HC subfields have been studied in most detail in rodents and monkeys. To bring into contact these two separate research streams, we directly quantified how DN subregions are coherently co-expressed with specific HC subfields in the context of social isolation. A two-pronged decomposition of structural brain scans from ∼40 000 UK Biobank participants linked lack of social support to mostly lateral subregions in the DN patterns. This lateral DN association co-occurred with HC patterns that implicated especially subiculum, presubiculum, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus. Overall, the subregion divergences within spatially overlapping signatures of HC–DN co-variation followed a clear segregation into the left and right brain hemispheres. Separable regimes of structural HC–DN co-variation also showed distinct associations with the genetic predisposition for lacking social support at the population level.
Roles of auxin in the inhibition of shoot branching in ‘Dugan’ fir
Authors: Yang Liwei , Zhu Sheng , Xu Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shoot branching substantially impacts vegetative and reproductive growth as well as wood characteristics in perennial woody species by shaping the shoot system architecture. Although plant hormones have been shown to play a fundamental role in shoot branching in annual species, their corresponding actions in perennial woody plants are largely unknown, in part due to the lack of branching mutants. Here, we demonstrated the role of plant hormones in bud dormancy transition toward activation and outgrowth in woody plants by comparing the physiological and molecular changes in the apical shoot stems of ‘Yangkou’ 020 fir and ‘Dugan’ fir, two Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) clones with normal and completely abolished branching phenotypes, respectively. Our studies showed that the defect in bud outgrowth was the cause of failed shoot branching in ‘Dugan’ fir whereas apically derived signals acted as triggers of this ectopic bud activity. Further studies indicated that auxin played a key role in inhibiting bud outgrowth in ‘Dugan’ fir. During bud dormancy release, the differential auxin resistant 1/Like AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) and PIN-formed (PIN) activity resulted in an ectopic auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in the apical shoot stem of ‘Dugan’ fir, which could inhibit the cell cycle in the axillary meristem by decreasing cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis but increasing abscisic acid (ABA) production and response through the signaling pathway. In contrast, during bud activation and outgrowth, the striking increase in auxin biosynthesis and PIN activity in the shoot tip of ‘Dugan’ fir may trigger the correlative inhibition of axillary buds by modulating the polar auxin transport stream (PATS) and connective auxin transport (CAT) in shoots, and by influencing the biosynthesis of secondary messengers, including CK, gibberellin (GA) and ABA, thereby inducing the paradormancy of axillary buds in ‘Dugan’ fir by apical dominance under favorable conditions. The findings of this study provide important insights into the roles of plant hormones in bud outgrowth control in perennial woody plants.
Genetic and biological characteristics of species A rotaviruses detected in common shrews suggest a distinct evolutionary trajectory
Authors: Falkenhagen Alexander , Tausch Simon H , Labutin Anton , Grützke Josephine , Heckel Gerald , Ulrich Rainer G , Johne Reimar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) are important aetiological agents of severe diarrhoea in young children. They are also widely distributed in mammals and birds, and increasing evidence indicates the possibility of zoonotic transmission of RVA strains between animals and humans. Moreover, reassortment of the eleven segments of the RVA genome can result in rapid biological changes and may influence pathogenic properties. Here, the nearly complete genome of an RVA strain from a common shrew (Sorex araneus) was sequenced, which showed high nucleotide sequence similarity to additionally determined partial sequences from common shrew RVAs but only very low identity (below 68 per cent) to RVAs from other animal species and humans. New genotypes were assigned to most genome segments of the novel common shrew RVA strain KS14/269, resulting in the genome constellation G39-P[55]-I27-R26-C22-M22-A37-N26-T26-E30-H26. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the common shrew RVAs as ancestral branches of other mammalian and avian RVAs for most of the genome segments, which is in contrast to the phylogeny of the hosts. Nevertheless, conserved sequences typical for all RVAs were identified at the 5ʹ- and 3ʹ- non-coding segment termini. To explore whether the common shrew RVA can exchange genetic material with other mammalian RVAs by reassortment, a reverse genetics system based on the simian RVA strain SA11 was used. However, no viable reassortants could be rescued by exchanging the VP4-, VP6-, or VP7-encoding genome segment alone or in combinations. It can be concluded that highly divergent RVAs are present in common shrews, indicating an evolution of these viruses largely separated from other mammalian and avian RVAs. The zoonotic potential of the virus seems to be low but needs to be further analysed in future.
Transmission of Blood Disease in Banana
Authors: Ray Jane D. , Subandiyah Siti , Prakoso Ady B. , Rincón-Flórez Vivian A. , Carvalhais Lilia C. , Drenth André 
Published: January 2022

Banana Blood disease is a bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis and is an economically important disease in Indonesia and Malaysia. Transmission of this pathogen is hypothesized to occur through insects mechanically transferring bacteria from diseased to healthy banana inflorescences and other pathways involving pruning tools, water movement, and root-to-root contact. This study demonstrates that the ooze from the infected male bell and the sap from various symptomatic plant parts are infective, and the cut surfaces of a bunch peduncle, petiole, corm, pseudostem, and the rachis act as infection courts for R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. In addition, evidence is provided that R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis is highly tool transmissible, that the bacterium can be transferred from the roots of a diseased plant to the roots of a healthy plant and transferred from the mother plant to the sucker. We provide evidence that local dispersal of Blood disease occurs predominantly through mechanical transmission by insects, birds, bats, or human activities from diseased to healthy banana plants and that long-distance dispersal occurs through the movement of contaminated planting material. Disease management strategies to prevent crop losses associated with this emerging disease are discussed based on our findings.
Use of Child Care Attenuates the Link Between Decreased Maternal Sleep and Increased Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Armstrong Bridget , Weaver R. Glenn , Beets Michael W. , Østbye Truls , Kravitz Richard M. , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:

Objective:
Sleep disruption is common among postpartum women and is linked with depression. Child care may alleviate parenting stress and protect new mothers against symptoms of depression.

Methods:
Mothers from the NURTURE study, a birth cohort of 666 women of full-term infants, completed questionnaires during home visits when their infants were 3, 6, 9, and 12 months old. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to measure depressive symptoms and stress, respectively. Mothers reported total nightly sleep duration for themselves and their infants, child care arrangements, marital status, and income. We used mixed-effects models adjusting for income, marital status, and child age to examine the indirect effect of infants' sleep on maternal mental health through mothers' sleep and assessed whether patterns differed depending on child care.

Results:
Decreased maternal sleep mediated the association between infant sleep and maternal mental health. When infants slept 1 hour less than usual, mothers slept 7 fewer minutes (B = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.27) and reported more depressive symptoms (B = −0.27, 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.11) and stress (B = −0.33, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.09). Child care moderated the indirect effect; decreased maternal sleep was not associated with increased depressive symptoms (and was not a mediator) when mothers had child care (indirect effect = −0.001, 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.03).

Conclusion:
Use of infant child care reduced the link between maternal sleep and depressive symptoms. Regular access to child care may be a method to mitigate feelings of depression for new mothers.
Parent-Reported Problems Accessing Mental Health Services Among a National Sample of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety
Authors: Conrad Cassandra , Cerda Natalie , Harstad Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with parent-reported problems accessing needed mental health services (MHS) in youth with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety.

Methods:
This study is a secondary analysis using the National Survey of Children's Health 2016 to 2017 data sets with multivariable logistic regression. Subjects are 6 to 17 year olds with parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety. Outcome is parent-reported challenge accessing needed mental health treatment, dichotomized to not a problem versus problem. Covariates included race/ethnicity, intellectual disability, insurance, medical home, poverty level, and parent education level.

Results:
The sample included 568 youth with ASD and anxiety—78% male subjects, mean age 12.5 years, and 63% White, non-Hispanic. Fifty-three percent of youth with ASD and anxiety had parent-reported problems accessing needed MHS. Lack of medical home (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.72–13.09]) and coexisting intellectual disability (aOR 2.23, 95% CI [1.08–4.60]) were significantly associated with problems accessing MHS. Reported family incomes at 0% to 99% and 100% to 199% of the federal poverty level as compared with family income at 400% federal poverty level or above (aOR 0.32, 95% CI [0.11–0.94] and aOR 0.35, 95% CI [0.13–0.95], respectively) was associated with decreased problems accessing MHS.

Conclusion:
In this nationally representative study, more than half of youth with ASD and anxiety had parent-reported problems accessing needed MHS. Lack of a medical home, co-occurring intellectual disability, and higher socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with problems accessing MHS. Therefore, policies to support the medical home; increase mental health supports available for those with ASD, anxiety, and coexisting intellectual disability; and support access for all SES levels may increase mental health access.
Duodenal microbiome changes in postmenopausal women: effects of hormone therapy and implications for cardiovascular risk
Authors: Leite Gabriela , Barlow Gillian M. , Parodi Gonzalo , Pimentel Maya L. , Chang Christine , Hosseini Ava , Wang Jiajing , Pimentel Mark , Mathur Ruchi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Hormone therapy (HT) is used to treat menopause-related conditions and symptoms. The small intestine plays key roles in metabolic and endocrine function, but the effects of HT on the small intestinal microbiome are unknown. Here, we characterize duodenal microbiome differences, and the effects of HT, in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Female participants undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy who were postmenopausal and taking HT (HT+), postmenopausal but not taking HT (HT−), or of reproductive age and not taking exogenous hormones (RA), were identified and matched for body mass index (±3 kg/m2). DNAs were isolated from duodenal aspirates obtained during upper endoscopy. V3 and V4 libraries were used for 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum hormone levels were analyzed by Luminex FlexMap.

Results:
The core duodenal microbiome was different in HT− participants (n = 12) when compared with RA participants (n = 10), but more similar in HT+ (n = 13) and RA participants. HT− participants had increased Proteobacteria taxa, leading to greater microbial dysbiosis compared with HT+ participants, and had decreased prevalence of Bacteroidetes, which was associated with higher fasting glucose levels, lower duodenal microbial diversity, and lower testosterone levels. HT+ participants had significantly higher estradiol (P = 0.04) and progesterone (P = 0.04), and lower fasting glucose (P = 0.03), than HT− participants, and had increased relative abundance of Prevotella (P = 0.01), and decreased Escherichia (P = 1.12E-7), Klebsiella (P = 5.93E-7), and Lactobacillus (P = 0.02), all associated with lower cardiovascular disease risks.

Conclusions:
These findings support previous studies suggesting that HT may have beneficial effects following menopause, and although preliminary, may also support a beneficial effect of HT on the duodenal microbiome.
The effect of music therapy on menopausal symptoms and depression: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Koçak Derya Yüksel , Varişoğlu Yeliz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Menopausal syndrome generally includes psychological problems. Listening to music has been used to cope with changes during this period. This study was conducted to determine the effect of listening to music on the symptoms of menopause and depression levels.

Methods:
This randomized-controlled study was carried out between July 2019 and December 2020. The study sample consisted of 48 postmenopausal women (21 in the music group and 27 in the control group). Music was played by the researcher to the postmenopausal women in the intervention group in a total of 18 sessions for six weeks. The data were collected using an introductory information form, Beck depression inventory (BDI), and menopause rating scale (MRS).

Results:
The posttest MRS scores of the women in the control group were higher than those in the music group, without a statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). Comparison of the post-test BDI scores of the participants in the music and control groups revealed a significant decrease in the depression scores among the women in the music group (P = 0.036). Comparison of the pretest and posttest MRS and BDI differences between the participants showed a statistically significant decrease in the MRS total and sub-scale scores among the women in the music group after the intervention.

Conclusions:
There was a significant decrease of posttest BDI scores of the women in the music group but not in the control group. Listening to music can help reduce depression levels and symptoms of menopause in postmenopausal women. Music could be used as a nonpharmacological therapeutic option in nursing care.
Mediation effect of body mass index on the association between age at menopause and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal Chinese women
Authors: Zhao Yijing , Wang Su , Yang Yu , Cao Wen , Chen Kun , Wang Kun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to examine the association between age at menopause and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and whether this association is mediated by body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal Chinese women.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 4,279 postmenopausal women. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the association between age at menopause and T2DM. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between age at menopause and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA)-IR, and HOMA of ß-cell function (HOMA-ß). Mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether these associations were mediated by BMI.

Results:
After full adjustment, women with a later age of menopause (>54 y) were more likely to have T2DM (odds ratio =1.401, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010-1.945; P
= 0.044) than those in the reference group (4453 y). After multiple adjustments, each 1-year increase in the age at onset of menopause was associated with a 0.021 mmol/L increase in FPG (95% CI, 0.004-0.038; P
= 0.014), 0.048 mmol/L increase in2hPBG (95% CI, 0.0060.090; P
= 0.024), and 1.540 decrease in HOMA-ß (95% CI, —2.386 to —0.695; P
< 0.001), but no changes in HOMA-IR. Later age of menopause was associated with overweight/general obesity (odds ratio = 1.416, 95% CI, 1.028-1.950; P
= 0.015). BMI partially mediated the association between age at menopause and FPG and 2hPBG, and the proportion of the effect was 5.42% and 7.69%, respectively. Further, BMI suppressed the association between age at menopause and HOMA-ß, and the proportion of the suppressing effect was 9.54%.

Conclusions:
The later age of menopause was positively related to T2DM. BMI partially mediated the association between age at menopause and glucose status and suppressed the association between age at menopause and HOMA-ß. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Prognostic value of arterial stiffness in menopausal women
Authors: Kim Minkwan , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Cho Yuna , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Kim Sang-Hyun , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Because menopausal women have an increased cardiovascular risk, risk stratification is very crucial in this population. This study aimed to verify the prognostic value of arterial stiffness in menopausal women.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 2,917 menopausal women (age >55y) without overt cardiovascular disease who underwent brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. The primary endpoint was a composite of clinical events, including all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and stroke, hereafter referred to as major adverse cardiovascular events. Propensity score matching and inverse probability-treatment weighting analysis were used to balance differences in baseline participant characteristics.

Results:
The mean participant age was 66.8 ± 7.7 years. During a median follow-up period of 4.0 (interquartile range of 1.9-6.3) years, the primary outcome was noted in 56 cases (1.9%). Pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in participants with the primary outcome than in those without (1,947 ± 388 vs 1,690 ± 348 cm/s; P
< 0.001). For every 100 cm/s increase in pulse wave velocity, the hazard ratio for the primary endpoint increased by 1.15 times (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.22; P
< 0.001) in multivariable Cox regression analysis. A pulse wave velocity > 1,613 cm/s was associated with increased risk of the primary endpoint in the same multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-6.68; P
= 0.005). The results were consistent after propensity score matching and inverse probability-treatment weighting analysis.

Conclusions:
Elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events in menopausal women without cardiovascular disease and may represent a useful screening tool.