bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative extraction of essential oils of Mentha piperita (mint) by steam distillation and enfleurage
Authors: Ibrahim M , Ankwai G E , Gungshik J R , Taave P 
Published: February 2022

The extraction of essential oils is generally carried out by two main techniques: azeotropic distillation (hydrodistillation, hydrodiffusion, and steam distillation) and extraction with solvents. This work consists in studying the two methods of extraction of the essential oils of Mentha piperita: Steam distillation (azeotropic) and Enfleurage (solvent extraction). The optimum yield for the extraction of essential oil via steam distillation from Mentha piperita was obtained at 540 minutes with production coming to an end at 1080 minutes yielding 1.36 % of essential oil at 80 0C per 240 g of sample while extraction through effleurage give maximum yield at 900 minutes with production coming to an end at 1080 minutes. The extraction process recorded a percentage yield of 0.91 % at 80 0C. In view of the above result, it implies that at a given condition the steam distillation method comparatively is a better technique for extraction of essential for optimal production. In addition, the compounds with the highest GC-MS area percentage in the analysis of Mentha piperitta were 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (3.8471%) and L-Menthol which also has a high area percentage (3.5439 %) which is of utmost importance as the fragrance of mint oil extract and its peculiar flavour can be attributed to the abundant presence of levo-menthol. Levo-menthol is used for the treatment, control, prevention, and improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms which includes occasional minor irritation, Pain, Sore mouth, Sore throat and Cough. It can be drawn, without doubt, that steam distillation offers significant advantages comparatively over effleurage and can therefore be best suitable for pilot scale extraction of essential oils in Mint.
Off-label use of psychotropic drugs in a Swiss paediatric service: similar results from two different cohort studies
Authors: Feka Alma , Di Paolo Ermindo R. , Pauchard Jean-Yves , Mariguesa Alexandra , Gehri Mario , Sadeghipour Farshid 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The high off-label use of drugs in paediatric patients raises questions on the efficacy and safety when prescribing psychotropic drugs. In our studies, we aimed to characterise the use of psychotropic drugs in the paediatric service of a tertiary hospital and quantify the proportion of off-label prescriptions with respect to age, indication and dosage recommendations approved in Switzerland, France and the USA.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (RCS) that included hospitalised patients from 1 December 2017, to 28 June 2018 with at least one PD prescription (n = 74) and a prospective cohort study (PCS) that included those hospitalised from 29 June 2018, to 30 November 2018 with at least one psychotropic drug prescription (n = 37). For both studies, we collected demographic, medical and medication data. Off-label prescriptions were identified by comparing the marketing authorisations published in the three selected countries.
RESULTS: The average age of RCS and PCS patients were 13 ± 3 years and 14 ± 2 years, respectively. Of the 168 and 86 psychotropic prescriptions collected in the RCS and PCS, respectively, 70% and 71% prescriptions were off-label based on Swiss marketing authorisations. These rates declined when compared with French marketing authorisations (61% and 67% prescriptions) and were significantly lower when compared with American marketing authorisations (56% and 51% prescriptions). Psychotropic drugs were often prescribed as needed in both studies (53% and 43% of prescriptions), with only half of the patients actually receiving one of these prescribed psychotropic drugs.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed a high proportion of off-label prescriptions of psychotropic drugs in a hospital setting. The off-label prescription rates according to Swiss marketing authorisations were the highest when compared with French and American marketing authorisations. Harmonisation of either international marketing authorisations or dosage recommendations at a national level could be a step forward to improved and evidence-based use of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents.
Impact Of Eating Habits And Physical Activity On The Fertility Of Females
Authors: Alam Faiza , Tariq Saba , Syed Fatima , Tariq Sundus , Rehman Rehana 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the eating habits and the level of activity in fertile and infertile female subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to compare the eating habits and level of activity in fertile and infertile female subjects from February 2016 till October 2017. Fertile females (n= 207) and diagnosed infertile (infertile, n=135) between 18 – 40 years were enrolled. Guidelines for the diagnosis of the infertile cohort were the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular and non-contraception intercourse, with normal uterine structure. Questionnaire was used to collect information regarding nutrition and physical activity. Statistical analysis was carried out employing IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentages, Chi-square test was performed for comparison, p value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: With mean age of 31 ± 6 years and mean BMI of 24.6 ± 3.46 kg/m2, infertile females had a significantly high BMI compared with the fertile females. Physical activity of subjects demonstrated that 30.4% were inactive, while 27.2% were physically active. Infertile females (6.5%) did regular exercise however, 44.9% of the fertile females had healthy lifestyle. Females (51%) took meals 3 times a day. Healthy food consumption was once a week while 35% had consumption of fast food was approximately twice a week. Conclusion: Optimal physical activity and BMI in normal range is positively associated with fertility. Dietary habits such as more intake of fish, fruits and vegetables impacts fertility positively.
Soil Replacement: Long-Term Results
Authors: Watson Gary W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil replacement treatments in a radial trench pattern around whiteoak (Quercus alba)trees, filled with compost or a compost-topsoil mix, were sampled 14 years after treatment. Root development in the replacement soils was greater than in the unmodified control soils. Root development was not increased in soils adjacent to the trenches over time as was originally anticipated.
Selbstfahrer liegen im Trend
Authors: Dänzer Dieter 
Published: February 2022

FRANKFURT a. M. Ab 1. Februar startet in vielen Regionen die Düngesaison – 2022 allerdings unter besonderen Vorzeichen. Da wären zum einen die mengenmäßig nicht ausreichend verfügbaren Mineraldünger und deren exorbitant hohen Preise. Zum anderen steht der nächste Antragszeitraum für Zuschüsse im Rahmen der „Bauernmilliarde“ vor der Tür.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Perubahan Anatomi dan Fisiologis yang Terjadi Selama Kehamilan di Puskesmas Cakranegara Mataram.
Authors: Mawaddah Shohipatul , Daniyati Asri 
Published: February 2022

Ibu hamil mengalami perubahan anatomi dan fisiologis yang signifikan selama kehamilan dalam rangka memelihara dan mengakomodasi janin yang sedang berkembang. Perubahan ini dimulai setelah pembuahan dan mempengaruhi setiap sistem organ dalam tubuh. Bagi sebagian besar ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tanpa komplikasi, perubahan ini hilang setelah kehamilan dengan efek residual yang minimal. Penting untuk memahami perubahan fisiologis normal yang terjadi pada kehamilan karena ini akan membantu membedakan dari adaptasi yang abnormal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana gambaran pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perubahan anatomi dan fisiologi kehamilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitic dengan 30 sampel dari 351 populasi yang terpilih secara acidental sampling. Prosedur analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis dengan nilai signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat Chi square pengetahuan dalam katagori baik (46,7%), umur responden terbanyak ada pada rentang usia 20-35 tahun (96,7%), status tidak bekerja (96,7%) dan paling banyak responden adalah dengan paritas primigravida (66,7%). Uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa hanya tingkat pendidikan yang memiliki nilai p value = 0,012 < α =0,05 yang artinya bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuannya. Sementara untuk umur, pekerjaan dan paritas memiliki nilai p value > α =0,05 masing-masing p=0,554; p=0,183; dan p=0,227 yang artinya bahwa umur, pekerjaan dan paritas tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat pengetahuannya tentang perubahan anatomi dan fisiologi kehamilan. Dari hasil penelitian diharapkan agar informasi atau sosialisasi terkait perubahan anatomi dan fisiologi ibu hamil selalu diinformasikan kepada ibu hamil agar ibu hamil bisa lebih awal mengenali tanda gejala serta bisa mengatasi ketidaknyamanan yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan tersebut.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan PasienTuberculosis (TB) Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat di Puskesmas Gunung Sari.
Authors: Radiah Nur , Diansa Tony Fernan , Nufus Lale Syifaun 
Published: February 2022

Di puskesmas Gunungsari, prevelensi penyakit Tuberculosis cukup tinggi. Dimana Tuberculosis menempati posisi kedua tertinggi dalam sepuluh penyakit terbanyak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan pasien tuberculosis dengan kepatuhan minum obat di puskesmas gunungsari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dan crossectional study yaitu data yang menyangkut variabel dependen dan independen akan dikumpulkan secara bersamaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 192 pasien dengan sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 130 pasien, dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah porpusive sampling. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pengetahuan pasien tentang Tuberculosis sebagian besar kategori kurang dengan frekuensi 52 orang (40%) dan kepatuhan minum obat sebagian besar kategori tidak patuh dengan frekuensi 71 orang (54,6%). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji chi square, Hasil uji statistik yang didapatkan adalah Nilai Signifikansi = 0,000 ( > 0,05) yang berarti Ha diterima yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi peserta Prolanis di Puskesmas Gunungsari.
Data assimilation of volcanic aerosol observations using FALL3D+PDAF
Authors: Mingari Leonardo , Folch Arnau , Prata Andrew T. , Pardini Federica , Macedonio Giovanni , Costa Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Modelling atmospheric dispersal of volcanic ash and aerosols is becoming increasingly valuable for assessing the potential impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions on buildings, air quality, and aviation. Management of volcanic risk and reduction of aviation impacts can strongly benefit from quantitative forecasting of volcanic ash. However, an accurate prediction of volcanic aerosol concentrations using numerical modelling relies on proper estimations of multiple model parameters which are prone to errors. Uncertainties in key parameters such as eruption column height and physical properties of particles or meteorological fields represent a major source of error affecting the forecast quality.
The availability of near-real-time geostationary satellite observations with high spatial and temporal resolutions provides the opportunity to improve forecasts in an operational context by incorporating observations into numerical models. Specifically, ensemble-based filters aim at converting a prior ensemble of system states into an analysis ensemble by assimilating a set of noisy observations. Previous studies dealing with volcanic ash transport have demonstrated that a significant improvement of forecast skill can be achieved by this approach.
In this work, we present a new implementation of an ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) method coupling the FALL3D dispersal model and the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF). The FALL3D+PDAF system runs in parallel, supports online-coupled DA, and can be efficiently integrated into operational workflows by exploiting high-performance computing (HPC) resources.
Two numerical experiments are considered: (i) a twin experiment using an incomplete dataset of synthetic observations of volcanic ash and (ii) an experiment based on the 2019 Raikoke eruption using real observations of SO2 mass loading.
An ensemble-based Kalman filtering technique based on the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is used to assimilate satellite-retrieved data of column mass loading. We show that this procedure may lead to nonphysical solutions and, consequently, conclude that LETKF is not the best approach for the assimilation of volcanic aerosols. However, we find that a truncated state constructed from the LETKF solution approaches the real solution after a few assimilation cycles, yielding a dramatic improvement of forecast quality when compared to simulations without assimilation.
Identification, monitoring, and reaction kinetics of reactive trace species using time-resolved mid-infrared quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy: Development, characterisation, and initial results for the Criegee intermediate CH2OO
Authors: Mir Zara S. , Jamieson Matthew , Greenall Nicholas R. , Seakins Paul W. , Blitz Mark A. , Stone Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The chemistry and reaction kinetics of reactive species dominate changes to the composition of complex chemical systems, including Earth’s atmosphere. Laboratory experiments to identify reactive species and their reaction products, and to monitor their reaction kinetics and product yields, are key to our understanding of complex systems. In this work we describe the development and characterisation of an experiment using laser flash photolysis coupled with time-resolved mid-infrared (mid-IR) quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectroscopy, with initial results reported for measurements of the infrared spectrum, kinetics, and product yields for the reaction of the CH2OO Criegee intermediate with SO2. The instrument presented has high spectral (< 0.004 cm−1) and temporal (< 5 µs) resolution, and is able to monitor kinetics with a dynamic range to at least 20,000 s−1. Results obtained at 298 K and pressures between 20 and 100 Torr gave a rate coefficient for the reaction of CH2OO with SO2 of (3.83 ± 0.63) × 10−11 cm3 s−1, which compares well to the current IUPAC recommendation of × 10−11 cm3 s−1. A limit of detection of 4.0 × 10−5, in absorbance terms, can be achieved, which equates to a limit of detection of ~2 × 1011 cm−3 for CH2OO, monitored at 1285.7 cm−1, based on the detection pathlength of (218 ± 20) cm. Initial results, directly monitoring SO3 at 1388.7 cm−1, demonstrate that SO3 is the reaction product for CH2OO + SO2. The use of mid-IR QCL absorption spectroscopy offers significant advantages over alternative techniques commonly used to determine reaction kinetics, such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy owing to the greater number of species to which IR measurements can be applied. There are also significant advantages over alternative IR techniques, such as step-scan FT-IR, owing to the coherence and increased intensity and spectral resolution of the QCL source, and in terms of cost. The instrument described in this work has potential applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrochemistry, combustion chemistry, and in the monitoring of trace species in industrial processes and medical diagnostics.
Fajar Penanda Awal Waktu Shubuh dan Puasa
Authors: Fuadi Lutfi 
Published: February 2022

Dalam menjalankan shalat, umat muslim tidak boleh asal-asalan waktunya, karena shalat merupakan ibadah yang telah ditentukan waktu dan caranya (kitaban mauqutan). Dizaman sekarang, kita tidak kesulitan mengetahui waktu shalat, dikarenakan adanya jadwal waktu shalat. Jadwal waktu shalat yang beredar kesemuanya merupakan hasil dari penelitian atas fenomena fajar. Fajar terbagi menjadi 2, yakni Fajar Kadzib dan Fajar Shadiq; Fajar Kadzib ialah fajar yang mempunyai bentuk seperti ekor srigala yang terlihat memanjang keatas, lalu Fajar Shadiq ialah cahaya pagi yang bersinar di ufuk timur saat akan terbitnya Matahari.
Secara astronomi nilai ketinggian fajar ini terbagi menjadi tiga; 1) Fajar Astronomi, 2) Fajar Nautika dan 3) Fajar Sipil. Fajar Astronomi ialah keadaan munculnya hamburan cahaya Matahari oleh atmosfer Bumi, posisi Matahari berada di 18° dibawah ufuk; Fajar Nautika ialah ketampakan ufuk bagi para pelaut, yakni saat Matahari berada di 12° dibawah ufuk; dan Fajar Sipil ialah ketampakan benda-benda di sekitar kita secara jelas, yakni saat Matahari berada di 6° dibawah ufuk.
Di Indonesia, fajar sebagai penanda awal waktu shubuh menggunakan kriteria 20° dibawah ufuk (1 jam lebih 20 menit) sebelum Matahari terbit, ini dipilih oleh BHR Kemenag RI sebagai awal munculnya fajar.
Pernikahan Sirri Dengan Akad Madzhab Hanafi Dalam Menanggulangi Perilaku Seks Pra Nikah
Authors: Azis Abdul , Arifa Laily Nur 
Published: February 2022

Pernikahan sirri, atau yang biasa juga disebut pernikahan bawah tangan, adalah pernikahan yang dilakukan secara diam-diam atau tersembunyi (secret marriage) tanpa diketahui atau tercatat di lembaga negara. Sedangkan pernikahan dengan menggunakan akad Madzhab Hanafi, ialah pernikahan dengan ketentuan syarat dan rukun yang ditentukan oleh Madzhab Hanafi. Perbedaan paling mencolok dibanding dengan madzhab lain adalah tentang kebolehan bagi perempuan untuk menikahkan dirinya sendiri tanpa adanya wali. Pernikahan jenis ini yang kemudian banyak terjadi di kalangan mahasiswa.
Pernikahan sirri dengan menggunakan madzhab Hanafi telah banyak dilakukan oleh mahasiswa kota Malang dengan dalih untuk menghindari zina dan seks bebas. Pernikahan jenis ini terjadi tanpa sepengetahuan wali dan orangttua masing-masing mempelai. Setelah menikah, pola hubungan suami-istri ini nambah biasa dan berjalan sama seperti sebelum terjadi pernikahan, kecuali masalah hubungan intim yang dilakukan secara rutin dan tersembunyi di rumah kost. Nafkah juga tidak menjadi tuntutan bagi suami, namun istri harus siap jika dipanggil untuk melakukan kewajiban ‘badaniyah’. Sayangnya, beberapa informan justru menggunakan pernikahan ini sebagai legitimasi hukum Islam atas petualangan seksual dan rasa penasaran jiwa remaja mereka. Salah satu contoh adalah adanya poligami dan perceraian yang terjadi dengan alasan yang sebenarnya tidak mendesak untuk dipenuhi. Sejujurnya, menurut peneliti, pernikahan ini terjadi justru dengan mengesampingkan makna agung dari pernikahan itu sendiri dan hanya berfungsi sebagai legalitas dalam menghindari dosa akibat zina

Kata Kunci: Pernikahan Sirri, Madzhab Hanafi, Seks Pranikah
Validation of Dosimetric Comissioning Accuracy of IMRT for Versa HD Linear Accelerator with AAPM TG-119 protocol
Authors: Bykova Yu. B. , Khramtsova N. I. , Shuvaev I. I. , Zaitseva N. A. , Plavnik R. N. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Verification of the IMRT prior to the introduction the new Versa HD (Elekta) Linac into operation using test examples given in the AAPM TG-119 report.
Materials and methods: The verification of plans created both on the basis of the dose prescriptions given in the AAPMTG-119 report and on the basis of the constraints used in the NMRRC was made. The
plans were verified using a matrix of ionization chambers (MatriXX Evolution) placed in a mini Phantom
(IBA Dosimetry), using gamma criteria of 3 %/3 mm and 3 %/2 mm at a dose threshold of 10 %. In addition to checking the coincidence of the calculated and measured dose distribution in the plane, a
comparison of the dose at the point calculated in the Monaco planning system (Elekta) and measured
by the CC13 ionization chamber (0.13 cm3
, Iba Dosimetry) inside the PTV and in the organ at risk was
carried out.
Results: The difference in the dose measured by the ionization chamber and calculated in the planning
system was less than 2 %, and correlates well with the results of accredited clinics. The measured dose
distribution in the plane well (97-100 % of the points) coincided with the calculated one for all localizations. An exception was the test case with several targets, in which the assessment was carried out
according to the 3 %/2 mm gamma criterion.
Conclusions: The results obtained when testing IMRT according to the protocol described in the AAPM
TG-119 report, can be used to compare their results with the results of other accredited clinics.
The Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Renal Split Function with 99mTc-DTPA
Authors: Hossain Alamgir , Islam Bedarul , Ckaki Chanchal K. , Shaha Samirun Kumar , Chowdhury Shariful I. 
Published: February 2022

To study the variation of kidney counts, uptake and Glomerular filtration rate with renal split function, 27 patient’s renogram data were taken. Therefore, To investigate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for renal split function with 99mTc-DTPA.
A Biomechanical Investigation of Prominent Kinematic Factor in Drag Flick
Authors: Hussain Ikram , Ahmad Fuzail , Khan Mohd. Tanveer 
Published: February 2022

Drag flick being one of the most offensive and frequently used techniques during penalty corner in field hockey requires better understanding of its complex nature in order to make the skill efficient and accurate. The aim of the present study was to determine the kinematic factors which were significantly related to ball velocity during drag flick, thereby proposing the possible suggestions to improve skill efficiency. Six male intervarsity hockey players specialist in drag flicking from Aligarh Muslim University and LNIPE, Gwalior , who’s ranged in age from 18-24 years, height ranged between 174-182 cm and weight ranged 59.4-66.8 kgwere recruited for the study. The kinematic data was obtained by using two Canon Legria SF-10 camcorders. The subjects were asked to perform 15 consecutive drag flick trails from stationary ball position. Out of 15 trails best 6 successful trails were selected for each subject and were taken under consideration for analysis. Trail was defined as successful every time the ball hit the target whose dimensions were predetermined. The obtained videos data were analyzed using Max TRAQ 3D motion analysis software. The ball velocity was measured from ball-stick contact to the point of release of the ball. The factor analysis and product moment correlation statistical analysis was done using SPSSv.16. The results revealed that, left wrist velocity and acceleration, left elbow acceleration, both right and left shoulder angular velocity, left pelvic angular velocity, right knee velocity and acceleration, and left knee angular magnitude and angular velocity were significantly related with ball velocity and hence it is suggested that players should concentrate on these factors during training of the drag flick