bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration
Authors: Wang Yixi , Khan Haider Mohammed , Zhou Changchun , Liao Xiaoxia , Tang Pei , Song Ping , Gui Xingyu , Li Hairui , Chen Zhixing , Liu Shiyu , Cen Ying , Zhang Zhenyu , Li Zhengyong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
Hydroalumination of Nitriles and Isonitriles
Authors: Uhl Werner , Matar Madhat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hydroalumination of H5C6-C≡N with di(tert-butyl)aluminum hydride 1or the corresponding diethyl compound 2yielded the products tBu2Al-N=C(C6H5)H 3and Et2Al-N=C(C6H5)H 4, respectively, both of which form dimers possessing Al2N2 heterocycles with two exocyclic C=N double bonds. NMR spectroscopic data indicate the occurrence of cis/trans isomers in solutions of compound 4. The dimerization of the imide via Al-N interactions was prevented by employing the hydride [(Me3Si)2HC]2AlH 6bearing the bulky bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituents. Its reaction with benzonitrile yielded the compound R2Al-N=C(C6H5)H(N≡C-C6H5) 7[R = CH(SiMe3)2], in which the coordinative saturation of the aluminum atoms was achieved by adduct formation with one molecule of the starting nitrile. In these cases the C≡N triple bond inserted completely into the Al-H bond of the hydride. In contrast, the reaction of tert-butyl isonitrile afforded the product tBu2Al-C(H)=NC6H5
8by the insertion of its terminal carbon atom into the Al-H bond. Hence, it has a geminal arrangement of the aluminum and hydrogen atoms. Dimerization of 8yielded a six-membered heterocycle. Hydroalumination does not occur upon treatment of the hydride 1with trimethylsilylnitrile. Instead, the Si-CN bond was cleaved, and the aluminum cyanide (tBu2Al-C≡N)4
9was isolated in a high yield.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2-(3(5)-Pyrazolyl)pyridine: A Novel Access to Multidentate Chelate Ligands
Authors: Rößlera Katrin , Kluge Tobias , Schubert Anett , Sun Yu , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
1-(Nitrophenyl) functionalized 2-(3-pyrazolyl)pyridines were obtained by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution and could be reduced to the corresponding aminophenyl substituted derivatives. These compounds can be used to co-ordinate transition metal sites or for the generation of building blocks for supramolecular chemistry. The solid state structure of a 1,1’-functionalized ferrocene, which was obtained following this route, is discussed in detail.
Selective Substitution of Hex2SiFCl for the Preparation of Polymers with Two Different Alternate π-Electron Systems Linked by Hex2Si Units
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Kawashima Kazuaki , Iwata Arihiro , Tang Heqing , Higashi Miho , Kunai Atsutaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Organosilicon polymers having a regular alternate arrangement of -Hex2Si-π-Hex2Si-π’-(π, π’ = π-electron system) were prepared by successive treatment of Hex2SiFCl with dilithiated π- conjugated compounds, Li-π-Li and Li-π’ -Li (π = diethynylanthracene, diethynylpyrene, diethynylcarbazole; π’ = bithiophenediyl, terthiophenediyl). UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms of the resulting polymers indicated that the two π-electron systems, π and π’, are electronically isolated, while the emission spectra indicated that energy transfer between the π-electron systems occurred in the excited states.
First X-Ray Structure of a Cationic Silicon Complex with Salen-Type Ligand: An Unusual Compound with Two Different Si-N Dative Bonds
Authors: Wagler Jörg , Böhme Uwe , Brendler Erica , Roewer Gerhard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two novel compounds containing pentacoordinate alkylsiliconium-cations with an 〈O, N, O 〉- chelating ligand of salen-type were prepared by reacting the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the ligand with alkyltrichlorosilanes. Pentacoordination of the silicon atom is found in solid state as well as in solution. Crystals of compound 2a, ethylene-N, N’ -bis(2-oxy-4-methoxybenzophenoneiminato) methylsiliconium chloride, were obtained from chloroform solution. This complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n. The chloride ion is surrounded by three chloroform molecules in the solid state. The siliconium cation has trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid state, although the signals of two chemically equal half-sides of the salen-type ligand were revealed in 1H and 13C NMR spectra of its chloroform solution. Therefrom two different Si-N dative bonds within the same molecule arise. The reaction of methyltrichlorosilane with two non-linked “half-ligands” of the salen-type leads also to a siliconium complex with similar cationic coordination sphere motif.
Synthesis and Derivatization of Homoleptic Dinuclear Lanthanide Siloxide Complexes
Authors: Fischbach Andreas , Eickerling Georg , Scherer Wolfgang , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Anwander Reiner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Homoleptic dinuclear lanthanide siloxide complexes [Ln(OSitBuPh2)2(μ-OSitBuPh2)]2 (Ln = Y (1a), La (1b)), [Ln(OSiHtBu2)2(μ-OSiHtBu2)]2 (Ln = Y (2a), La (2b), Nd (2c), Lu (2d)), and {Ln[OSi(OtBu)3]2[μ-OSi(OtBu)3]}2(Ln = Y (3a), La (3b)) were synthesized according to the silylamide route in yields between 67 and 92%. Their bis(siloxide)-bridged molecular arrangement was proven by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by an Xray structure analysis of 2c. The IR spectra of complexes 2feature low-energy Si-H stretching vibrations (1965 - 1915 cm−1) indicative of β (Si-H)· · ·Ln agostic interactions. Complexes 2 and 3readily form monomeric bis(donor) adducts with tetrahydrofurane, triphenylphosphine oxide, and N-methylimidazol as shown for fully characterized Ln(OSiHtBu2)3(thf)2 (Ln = Y (4a), La (4b)), Y(OSiHtBu2)3(OPPh3)2 (5), Ln(OSiHtBu2)3(N-MeIm)2 (Ln = Y (6a), La (6b)), and Y[OSi(OtBu)3]3(thf)2 (7). Treatment of complexes 1- 3with excess of trimethylaluminum (TMA) generated several alkylated rare-earth metal species including homoleptic Ln(AlMe4)3 as indicated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. La[OSi(OtBu)3](AlMe4)2(AlMe3) (8b) was isolated by crystallization and analyzed by X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using curcumin: cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on various cell lines
Authors: Karan Tunay , Erenler Ramazan , Moran Bozer Busra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanostructures have distinctive chemical and physical features owing to their surface area and nanoscale size. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using curcumin, a medicinally valuable natural product. The structure of curcumin-mediated silver nanoparticles (c-AgNPs) was identified by extensive spectroscopic techniques. The maximum absorption was observed at 430 nm in UV–Vis spectrum. The crystal structure of c-AgNPs was identified by XRD. The morphology of the structure was determined by SEM image. The particle size was found as 51.13 nm. The functional groups of curcumin and c-AgNPs were established by FTIR spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity of c-AgNPs was carried out using A549, DLD-1, and L929 with MTT assay. c-AgNPs revealed excellent activity on DLD-1 cell lines and A549 cell lines at 1.0 mg/mL concentration with the lethal effect of 80%. However, nanoparticles did not show the considerable effect on L929. Moreover, they induced apoptosis. Consequently, c-AgNPs are a promising material for anticancer drugs candidate.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Combined hormonal contraceptives and vitamin D metabolism in adolescent girls
Authors: Öberg Johanna , Jorde Rolf , Figenschau Yngve , Thorsby Per Medbøe , Dahl Sandra Rinne , Winther Anne , Grimnes Guri 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use has been associated with higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Here, we investigate the relation between CHC use and vitamin D metabolism to elucidate its clinical interpretation.

Methods
The cross-sectional Fit Futures 1 included 1038 adolescents. Here, a subgroup of 182 girls with available 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and measured free 25(OH)D levels, in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), was investigated. Vitamin D metabolites were compared between girls using (CHC+) and not using CHC (CHC−). Further, the predictability of CHC on 25(OH)D levels was assessed in a multiple regression model including lifestyle factors. The ratios 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)) in relation to 25(OH)D were presented in scatterplots.

Results
CHC+ (n  = 64; 35% of the girls) had higher 25(OH)D levels (mean ± s.d., 60.3 ± 22.2) nmol/L) than CHC- (n  = 118; 41.8 ± 19.3 nmol/L), P -values <0.01. The differences in 25(OH)D levels between CHC+ and CHC− were attenuated but remained significant after the adjustment of lifestyle factors. CHC+ also had higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, DBP and calcium than CHC−, whereas 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D, PTH, FGF23 and albumin were significantly lower. Free 25(OH)D and VMR did not statistically differ, and both ratios appeared similar in relation to 25(OH)D, irrespective of CHC status.

Conclusion
This confirms a clinical impact of CHC on vitamin D levels in adolescents. Our observations are likely due to an increased DBP-concentration, whereas the free 25(OH)D appears unaltered.
Pseudo-pheochromocytoma due to obstructive sleep apnea: a case report
Authors: Jazdarehee Aria , Huget-Penner Sawyer , Pawlowska Monika 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition of intermittent nocturnal upper airway obstruction. OSA increases sympathetic drive which may result in clinical and biochemical features suggestive of pheochromocytoma. We present the case of a 65-year-old male with a 2.9-cm left adrenal incidentaloma on CT, hypertension, symptoms of headache, anxiety and diaphoresis, and persistently elevated 24-h urine norepinephrine (initially 818 nmol/day (89–470)) and normetanephrine (initially 11.2 µmol/day (0.6–2.7)). He was started on prazosin and underwent left adrenalectomy. Pathology revealed an adrenal corticoadenoma with no evidence of pheochromocytoma. Over the next 2 years, urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained significantly elevated with no MIBG avid disease. Years later, he was diagnosed with severe OSA and treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Urine testing done once OSA was well controlled revealed complete normalization of urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine with substantial symptom improvement. It was concluded that the patient never had a pheochromocytoma but rather an adrenal adenoma with biochemistry and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma due to untreated severe OSA. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is a rare presentation of OSA and should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines in the right clinical setting.

Learning points

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among adults.

OSA may rarely present as pseudo-pheochromocytoma with symptoms of pallor, palpitations, perspiration, headache, or anxiety.

OSA should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines, especially in patients with negative metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan results.
Neuroprotective effect of AGGF1 against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Lei , Jiang Shan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate and identify the value and explore the mechanisms of Angiogenic Factor with G-patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Methods
Rats were separated into four different groups, namely sham, isoflurane, isoflurane + recombinant human Aggf1 (rh-Aggf1) (5 μg kg−1), and isoflurane + rh-Aggf1 (10 μg kg−1). qPCR and western blot assays were applied to detect the correlation between the expression of AGGF1 and isoflurane administration. Then, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to evaluate the effect of AGGF1 on improving the POCD rats. Subsequently, TUNEL assay was applied and the cell apoptosis-related proteins were tested to reveal the anti-apoptotic effect of AGGF1 in POCD rats. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were also detected by qPCR and ELISA to verify the anti-inflammatory effects of AGGF1 on POCD rats. Besides, the protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB in each group were examined by western blot.

Results
In this study, the results revealed that isoflurane induced a decrease in AGGF1 expression in the hippocampus of aged rats. In addition, exogenous AGGF1 attenuated POCD in aged rats. Meanwhile, exogenous AGGF1 had anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in POCD rats. Further research indicated that AGGF1 activated the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Conclusion
AGGF1 has neuroprotective effect against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Fracture properties of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Gludovatz Bernd , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the concept of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as materials with at least four or five principal elements in (near)-equiatomic composition was introduced in 2004, this new class of materials has penetrated essentially all materials science-related fields. The main reason for this is that some face-centered-cubic alloy compositions have been shown to exhibit truly outstanding mechanical properties with extraordinary combinations of strength, ductility, and fracture toughness, particularly at cryogenic temperatures, whereas certain body-centered-cubic refractory compositions display remarkable high-temperature strength. While significant efforts have been put into rapid screening and narrowing the compositional space of HEAs to a manageable scope, there are still only a few metallic alloys that push the limits of mechanical performance. Here, we review work on some of the most damage-tolerant HEAs discovered to date and discuss the fundamental reasons why their resistance to fracture and subsequent stable crack growth is so exceptional.Graphical abstract
Mechanical and environmental characteristics of geogrid-reinforced waste foundry sand beds
Authors: Chowdepalli Bhargavi , Karnamprabhakara Bhargav Kumar , Balunaini Umashankar 
Published: February 2022

Different waste materials, such as fly-ash and bottom-ash, slag waste and construction and demolition waste have been extensively studied to replace depleting natural granular materials for fill applications. Waste foundry sand (WFS), a by-product from the aluminium metal-casting industry, is one such waste material that can be a viable fill material. In the current study, extensive large-scale model experimental tests were carried out on geogrid-reinforced WFS beds to understand their load–settlement behaviour. Basic characterisation studies on WFS included gradation, specific gravity, morphology, chemical composition and compaction testing. During large-scale model experimental testing, the geogrid reinforcement was placed at an optimum placement depth, and the maximum improvement in the load-carrying capacity of the footing resting on the reinforced WFS layer was quantified in terms of bearing capacity ratio (BCR). The BCR of reinforced WFS beds was found to be in the range of 1.3–2.0 based on the test conditions considered in the study. The reduction in the settlement of footing on reinforced WFS beds was also quantified. Additionally, the environmental impact of using WFS in reinforced foundation beds was assessed through leachate tests. The dissolved metal concentrations from leachate studies were found to be within permissible limits.
Efecto de la temperatura previa a la extracción en el rendimiento y perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de Morete (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.)
Authors: Rivera Maritza , Ramos Milton , Silva Mónica , Briceño Jorge , Álvarez Mario 
Published: February 2022

El morete (Mauritia fleuxosa L. f.) es una palmera de la Amazonía que produce un fruto de agradable sabor, buen valor nutricional y alto contenido de aceite. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estudiar el efecto del tratamiento térmico de las diferentes partes del morete en el rendimiento y perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite obtenido por prensado. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres réplicas, combinando el uso de pulpa y pulpa con corteza del fruto en diferentes condiciones de calentamiento antes del prensado: 45 °C por 30 min, 65 °C por 20 min y 85 °C por 10 min. También, se determinó la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite empleando un Reactor Oxitest. Se obtuvieron aceites con diferentes contenidos de ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, prevaleciendo el ácido oleico. El mejor tratamiento fue empleando la pulpa calentada a 85 °C por 10 min y prensada, encontrándose un rendimiento de 56,77% de aceite con 79,80% de ácido oleico, y una estabilidad a la oxidación de 14,5 meses a 21 °C, temperatura promedio de la ciudad de El Puyo, Ecuador, sitio donde se recolectó el morete. Por otro lado, se debe evaluar el efecto de esta temperatura previa a la extracción sobre el contenido de compuestos bioactivos y la posibilidad de oxidación de las grasas. En conclusión, el morete es una fuente de aceite y la tecnología de tratamiento con calor permitirá mejorar la extracción e industrialización, y ofrecer un aceite alternativo para la alimentación.
Combined treatment of giant cell bone tumor
Authors: Safin I. R. , Rodionova A. Yu. , Rukavishnikov D. V. , Khasanov R. Sh. , Safin R. N. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Giant cell tumor refers to tumors with an uncertain malignancy potential, has a locally aggressive course. Intra-focal resections performed for a giant cell tumor of long tubular bones are accompanied by the development of relapse in 30–46 % of cases. The combination of pathogenetic therapy with surgical intervention makes it possible to reduce the frequency of relapses in operable tumors after marginal and intra-focal resections, and in inoperable tumors to provide local control and relieve pain. Objective – to analyze the results of combined treatment of patients with giant cell bone tumor. Materials and methods. In the conditions of Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, 13 patients aged 20 to 63 years are in the process of combined treatment of a giant cell tumor. As of November 2021, 7 patients have completed treatment.Results. Among the 7 patients who completed treatment, 6 people were operated on (1 patient refused surgery). In 5 patients, intra-focal resection of the tumor with osteoinductive material “BoneMedic-S” was performed, in 1 patient with a giant cell tumor of the sciatic bone, resection of the sciatic bone was performed without reconstruction. 1 patient with a widespread tumor (sacral lesion) receives supportive treatment. Conclusion. The combined approach in the treatment of giant-cell bone tumor allows performing a functional-saving, organpreserving surgical intervention, significantly reducing the risk of tumor recurrence and its malignant transformation.
The early definitive internal fixation of Complex Pelvic Fracture and its outcome: our experience in level 1 trauma care centre.
Authors: Kimmatkar Nitin , H. Kantharaju 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Complex pelvic fractures have high mortality and morbidity hence required urgent resuscitation, haemodynamic stabilization and fracture fixation. Keeping in mind the various schools of thought regarding definitive management, there is need to study the outcomes of complex pelvic fractures after internal fixation surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty patients with complex pelvic fractures treated with internal fixation surgery in between 1<sup>st</sup> June 2018-31<sup>st</sup> December 2019 with at least 12 months follow-up were included. Clinical and functional outcome of these patients was studied and evaluated using Majeed and Hannover scoring systems.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of 20 patients, 19 had closed while 1 had open pelvic fracture while 11 had tile type B and 9 had tile type C fracture. After 12 months of follow up, 72% patients of tile B fractures and 55.6% in tile C had excellent Majeed score with rest having good score. Hannover score was very good in 36.4% tile B cases and 22.2% tile C cases and good in 63.6% tile B cases and 77.8% tile C cases. Type of fracture (type B or type C) had a statistically significant co-relation with chronic pain (p=0.016). It was also found that urogenital injury and sexual dysfunction (p=0.007) had a significant co-relation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early definitive internal fixation in patients with complex pelvic fracture had very good clinical and functional outcome. Most common associated injuries in complex pelvic fractures are urogenital injuries due to close proximity. In the outcomes chronic pain and sexual dysfunction are major issues. The sexual dysfunction patients usually associated fracture of pubic rami or pubic diastasis.</p>
Acute onset common peroneal nerve palsy in a child due to fibular head osteochondroma: a case report
Authors: Keny Swapnil M. , Dabral Lokesh , Meshram Prashant , Ansari Naved , Gokhale Nikhil , Nawale Shashikant , Jaroli Abhishek 
Published: February 2022

<p class="abstract">A 7-year-old patient presented with acute onset spontaneous common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy due to osteochondroma of fibular head. Osteochondroma was excised resulting in complete neurological recovery. As per our knowledge, this is the first case of an acute onset CPN palsy in a child due to osteochondroma. 14 studies reporting patients with CPN palsy due to osteochondroma were analyzed. Of 24 patients reported with this condition in literature, 19 (79%) recovered completely from CPN palsy. Incomplete recovery after surgery was associated with a longer mean duration between symptoms and surgery (26 months versus 5 months for complete recovery). </p>