bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW MEDICATION-RELATED CUMULATIVE ANTICHOLINERGIC EXPOSURE INDEX EVALUATING RISK OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Michaud Veronique , Autar Kaveena , Condon Gerald , Honore Chelsea , Grisales Maria , Hickman James , Turgeon Jacques 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Given the associations between anticholinergic exposure and poor clinical outcomes in older adults, precise quantification of the cumulative anticholinergic burden appears advisable to evaluate the risk–benefit ratio of prescribing or deprescribing some medications. Numerous examples of anticholinergic quantification scales have been used for the past two decades. These were all developed using varying methods of measuring the anticholinergic activity of drugs and varying methods of classifying drugs into distinct potency categories. Recently, we have performed a systematic review of scales and models used to quantify anticholinergic burden in older adults. We have compiled the most comprehensive list of drugs with anticholinergic activities (N=642 drugs); the AntiCholinergic and Sedative Burden Catalog (ACSBC). Using human-on-a-chip technology, we have computed a quantitative Potency AntiCholinergic Score (PACS) by performing a dose-response LTP- suppression for each drug. Furthermore, to better inform our proprietary Aggregated PolyPharmacy Regimen Assessment Index for Safety and Equity (APPRAISE™), we have developed a new unique Medication-Related Cumulative Anticholinergic Exposure (MeReCAE) index. Using drug regimen data from 12,383 patients extracted from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we have sequentially proceeded to the virtual addition of amitriptyline, amantadine, asenapine and caffeine to the drug regimen of these patients. A more important shift toward higher MeReCAE values was observed when amitriptyline and asenapine were added to the drug regimen of patients. The quantitative analysis performed allowed us to determine exactly how many patients were in the Low, Moderate and High risk of the MeReCAE index following the addition of the tested drugs.
CONFLICT MONITORING IN AMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: FINDINGS FROM A PICTURE–WORD INTERFERENCE PARADIGM
Authors: Lydon Elizabeth , Mudar Raksha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience a decline in episodic memory but do not meet diagnostic criteria for dementia. Mounting evidence suggests other aspects of cognition may be impacted, including behavioral and neural alterations in conflict monitoring. Neural underpinnings of these changes have been captured through the use of electroencephalography (EEG) by most frequently examining event-related potentials (ERPs). Fewer studies have examined event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) that underlie conflict processes in MCI. We examined differences between 27 individuals diagnosed with amnestic MCI (age: 75.3 ± 5.6) and 27 age- and education-matched cognitively healthy controls (HC; age: 72.6 ± 7.9) using a novel picture-word interference paradigm. Stimuli for this task included line drawings of animals and objects with matched or mismatched word labels. Participants judged if the picture-word pairs were matched or mismatched using a response box while continuous EEG was recorded. We examined differences between HC and MCI on behavioral performance (accuracy and reaction time) and ERSP measures (mean spectral power in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands). Behavioral results reveled that the MCI group took longer to respond and was less accurate than the HC group on mismatched (conflict) trials across both tasks. Additionally, both groups were less accurate when responding to mismatched versus matched trials across tasks. Preliminary analysis of ERSP measures showed different patterns of neural oscillatory activity within and across the two groups. Findings support the presence of behavioral and neural alterations in conflict processing in amnestic MCI.
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF POSTSTROKE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ON FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY
Authors: Tiwari Anjali , Lodha Neha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Approximately, 70% of individuals experience some degree of cognitive impairment following stroke. The study aims to determine the impact of post-stroke cognitive impairment on functional mobility.

Methods
Twenty-nine stroke survivors (cognitively impaired; N = 15 and cognitively normal; N = 14) participated in this study. Participants performed (1) Overground walking while simultaneously performing a secondary cognitive task. We measured gait speed (m/s) and stride time variability (%). 2) Simulator driving task: Participants performed a car-following task and responded to the brake lights of the lead car. We measured the mean (pounds), and variability in brake force (%). To examine whether post-stroke cognitive impairment influences performance on walking and driving tasks, we conducted a one-way ANCOVA test while adjusting for the stroke motor severity assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale. Results – The cognitively impaired stroke group showed slower gait speed (F(1, 26) =9.594, p=0.005), increased stride length variability (F(1, 26) =5.505, p=0.033), and brake force variability (F(1, 26) =3.316, p= 0.035) compared with the cognitively normal stroke group. The two groups showed no significant difference in mean brake force (F (1, 26) = 3.345 p= 0.087). Conclusion- Post-stroke cognitive impairment significantly impacts functional mobility and contributes to impaired walking and braking function, even after controlling for the severity of motor impairment post-stroke. Significance- The findings underscore the critical role of cognitive function in post-stroke recovery of functional mobility, above and beyond motor function. Intervention targeting cognitive function alongside motor function would be important for optimal functional recovery following stroke.
IMPACT OF RTMS ON CAREGIVER BURDEN
Authors: Padala Prasad , Parkes Christopher , Gauss C Heath , Padala Kalpana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Caregivers of persons with cognitive impairment experience a high level of burden. While the deleterious psychosocial and mental health effects of dementia caregiving are firmly established, very little is known about the burdens or psychiatric outcomes of providing care to a spouse with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These individuals may be ideal targets for selective preventive interventions to maximize their psychological well-being as caregiving burdens related to their spouses’ cognitive impairment increase. The objective is to assess the changes in caregiver burden after the single session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in participants with MCI.

Methods
Participants with MCI (N=32) along with their caregivers were recruited as part of an interventional study for apathy using rTMS. The ongoing study is a double-blind randomized sham-controlled study of 20 treatments with rTMS/sham coil. In order to test the use of single session as a prognosticator of the full treatment, all participants received a single active treatment 2-weeks prior to the full treatment. Baseline assessments included measures of memory, behavioral problems, functioning and caregiver burden.

Results
Mean age was 76.7(±7.3) years, 90% were Caucasian and 10% were female. Mean Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 25.7(±2.9), Apathy Evaluation Scale-Clinician version (AES-C) was 47.1(±7.7), and the Zarit Burden Score was 43(±6.1) at baseline. There was a significant improvement in the caregiver burden and apathy after the single session rTMS although there was no statistically significant change in MMSE. Conclusions: Noninterventional neuromodulation such as rTMS may play a role in alleviating caregiver burden.
MODERATING EFFECT OF DEPRESSION ON THE ASSOCIATION OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH EVERYDAY FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: McIntyre Thomas , Becker Jacqueline , Hackett Katherine , Chan Lili , Carnavali Fernando , Wisnivesky Juan , Curtis Laura , Federman Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) and depression often co-occur, and each is known to impair older adults’ ability to perform activities of daily living. We sought to determine whether co-morbid depression moderates the association of CI with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We recruited English speaking adults ages ≥55 years without preexisting dementia or CI from primary care practices in New York City and Chicago (n=1,045). IADLs were assessed using Lawton’s 8-item scale and impairment was defined as ≥1 activity requiring assistance. Cognitive function was measured using Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA); moderate-severe CI was defined as MoCA score ≥1.5 standard deviations below the age and education adjusted z-score. Depression was defined as a score ≥10 using Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ)-8. We fit linear regression models estimating the association of mild CI, moderate-severe CI, and depression with counts of IADL impairments, adjusting for age and sex. We then added an interaction term for CI and depression. The mean age was 67 (8.0) years, 54% were female, 35% Black and 25% Hispanic. Median IADL impairments were 0 (IQR 0-7); 16% had mild CI, 5% moderate-severe CI, and 15% had depression. Moderate-severe CI (β=0.84, p&lt; 0.01) and severe depression (β=1.31, p&lt; 0.01) were each independently associated with IADL impairments in the adjusted model. The interaction term of moderate-severe CI with depression was also significant (β -0.85, p &lt; 0.01). Depression significantly worsens the association of CI with IADL impairment, highlighting the importance of identifying and treating this common condition in older adults.
NEUROCOGNITIVE CORRELATES OF COMORBIDITIES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
Authors: Mindlis Irina , Ravdin Lisa , Reid M Carrington , Kiosses Dimitris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic pain and depression are associated with poor cognition in older adults, yet little is known regarding the additional contribution of comorbidities to performance on specific neurocognitive domains in this population. We examined specific neurocognitive domain performance using baseline data from the Problem Adaptation Therapy for Pain Collaborative Care Program (PATH-Pain) trial, which tested a psychosocial intervention designed to improve emotion regulation in 100 adults ≥ 60 years with comorbid chronic pain and negative emotions (vs. usual care). Participants completed questionnaires on comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), pain intensity, and were remotely administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment with no visual elements (MoCA-blind) and the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status. Regression assessed the relationship between specific neurocognitive domains and comorbidities, adjusting for depressive symptoms and pain intensity. In adjusted models, greater comorbidities remained associated with poorer immediate memory (b = -.352, p &lt;.001) adjusting for pain intensity (b =.217, p =.040) and depressive symptoms (ns). After excluding participants with neurologic conditions, immediate memory remained associated with comorbidities (b = -.304, p =.019), but not pain intensity. Similar patterns emerged for attention, with greater comorbidities associated with poorer performance among all participants (b = -.266, p =.015), and for participants without neurological diagnoses (b = -.301, p =.020). No associations were found with language, delayed memory, abstraction, or orientation. Findings suggest difficulties with initial encoding and verbal learning; further research is needed to understand the potential impact on health behaviors and outcomes.
OLFACTION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN NONDEMENTED OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM HEALTH ABC
Authors: Yuan Yaqun , Chamberlin Keran , Li Chenxi , Luo Zhehui , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Shrestha Srishti , Simonsick Eleanor , Chen Honglei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examined olfaction in relation to longitudinal change in cognitive function among 1987 community-dwelling participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (aged 71-82 years, 52.8% women, and 33.1% Black race), free of dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Participants completed the Brief Smell Identification Test at the year 3 clinic visit in 1999-2000. Olfaction was defined as good (test score 11-12), moderate (9-10), hyposmia (7-8), or anosmia (0-6). Cognitive function was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) up to 5 times at clinic visits in year 3, 5, 8, 10 and 11. We conducted multivariable joint model analyses to account for potential bias due to death and loss to follow-up, in addition to potential confounders. Olfaction status was inversely associated with 3MS test score in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 8 years of follow-up. At baseline, compared with participants with good olfaction, the 3MS test score was 0.80 (95%CI, 0.21-1.38) points lower for those with moderate olfaction, 1.82 (95%CI, 1.08-2.57) points lower for those with hyposmia, and 1.87 (95%CI, 1.00-2.75) points lower for those with anosmia. Longitudinally, the annual decline was 0.09 (95%CI, 0.01-0.17) faster for those with moderate olfaction, 0.22 (95%CI, 0.11-0.32) faster for those with hyposmia, and 0.30 (95%CI, 0.17-0.43) for those with anosmia. Similar associations were observed across subgroups defined by sex, race, self-reported general health status, and APOE-ε4 genotype. Our study provides important evidence that poor olfaction is associated with a faster decline in cognitive function in non-demented older adults.
POTENTIAL MENTAL BENEFITS OF REMOTE EXPRESSIVE ARTS PROGRAM IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Luo Yuting , Li Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of expressive arts program (EAP) in mild cognitive impairment may positively impact the psychological well-being. A future direction for EAP may be to explore a new channel for MCI patients to participate via the mobile internet, as this could improve accessibility. The study explores the impact of a remote expressive arts program (rEAP) on the mental health of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Conducted through a two-arm, single-blinded, pilot, randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to either a 12-week rEAP or health education (HE) group. Pre- and post-treatment psychological evaluations were conducted. Results from 73 MCI patients showed significant improvements in anxiety mood (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, P=0.032) and potential benefits in subjective well-being, depression, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in the rEAP group compared to the HE group. Qualitative interviews with rEAP participants highlighted enthusiasm, feasibility, usability, and content satisfaction. Positive cognitive and mental benefits were reported, with themes including enhanced cognitive function perception, relaxation, creativity, self-confidence, and social engagement. The findings suggest that a 12-week rEAP can enhance the psychological well-being of older adults with MCI, indicating its feasibility and applicability for this population. The study underscores the significance of rEAP as a feasible intervention leveraging mobile internet to improve mental health in older adults with MCI.
SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DAILY AFFECTIVE WELL-BEING
Authors: Jeong Mijin , Mogle Jacqueline , Jang Heejung , Hill Nikki , Katz Mindy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is self-reported cognitive decline in the absence of objective cognitive deficits. Although SCD (especially SCD accompanied by worry about the decline) is considered as the earliest progress of dementia, less is known about daily experiences of affect among older adults with SCD. Considering depression is deeply associated with progress of dementia, it is important to understand how individuals with SCD have experienced daily affect. We examined differences in levels of daily affective well-being for older adults with and without SCD. In the Einstein Aging Study (EAS), a total of 210 participants reported whether they perceived SCD and if so, indicated whether were worried by this decline. Daily positive affect (PA) and daily negative affect (NA) were measured using 8 items (happy; relaxed; energetic, enjoy; anxiety; loneliness; depression; and frustration) each day for 14 continuous days (between May 2017 and March 2020). We tested hypotheses by using multilevel models (MLM). For daily PA, SCD (either with or without worry) was associated with lower average daily reports of total PA specifically driven by differences on the items “happy” and “relaxed” compared to individuals without SCD. For daily NA, endorsement of SCD with worry was associated with higher total NA, specifically for the items “anxiety,” “depression,” and “frustration” compared to individuals without SCD and those with SCD but without worry. This study helps to better understand the impact of perceiving early cognitive changes on different aspects of daily affect to identify targets for promoting psychological well-being among older adults.
SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AND ITS IMPACTS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER WOMEN VETERANS AND NONVETERANS
Authors: Henion Amy , Cheney Amanda , Sundstrom Kim , Alshanbari Mohammed , Bouldin Erin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Veterans more frequently experience traumatic brain injuries than their non-veteran peers and therefore may be at higher risk of cognitive decline. Little is known about subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among women veterans. We aimed to describe the prevalence and impacts of SCD among women veterans and compare them with non-veteran women using 2021-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 29 jurisdictions that included the optional Cognitive Decline module. Respondents aged ≥45 years were classified as having SCD if they experienced increased memory problems or confusion over the past year. We calculated weighted estimates among 1,905 women veterans (n=268 with SCD) and 66,880 women non-veterans (n=7,609 with SCD). Women veterans were slightly younger than non-veterans (mean 61.8 versus 64.0 years, p=0.045) and more often had depression history (65.8% versus 47.9%, p=0.003). Other demographic and health characteristics – including risk factors for dementia – were similar. SCD prevalence was 13.3% among veterans and 11.7% among non-veterans (p=0.24). Among women with SCD, there were no significant differences in SCD-related social or household limitations by veteran status. Similarly, the prevalence of needing help because of SCD was similar for women veterans and non-veterans (34.6% and 35.4%, p=0.89). Veterans had more frequently discussed their SCD with a healthcare provider than non-veterans (65.7% versus 47.4%, p&lt; 0.001). SCD prevalence and SCD-related impacts were similar among veteran and non-veteran women. The question of why veterans are more likely to discuss their SCD with providers warrants exploration and may inform strategies to facilitate such discussions in other groups.
CAREGIVER CONVERSATIONS WITH PERSONS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Savundranayagam Marie , Schumann Annette , Orange Joseph , Pritchard Sharon , Pichora-Fuller M Kathleen , Wittich Walter , Mick Paul , Campos Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study describes conversations between persons living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and their family caregivers, and the possible contributions of sensory loss. Conversations (N=130) between a participant (60% male) and a family caregiver (75% female; spouses) in the COMPASS-ND study were analyzed. Conversations were transcribed verbatim, segmented into communication units (c-units), and analyzed using the trouble-source repair (TSR) paradigm that includes analyses of communication breakdowns, repair initiators, and repair strategies. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate between-group differences among sensory and communication variables. The AD group had poorer hearing than the MCI and PD groups. Both AD and MCI groups had poorer vision than the PD group. The MCI group used significantly more c-units than the AD and PD groups. The mean proportion of the TSR sequences was 13% across all groups, but with significantly more sequences in the AD and PD groups than the MCI group. Notably, the proportion of trouble sources created by caregivers was significantly greater for conversations in the AD group than the MCI or PD groups. The proportion of repair initiators used was significantly greater for the AD group than the MCI or PD groups. The intersection of cognition and sensory variables will be illustrated using three case studies. The findings highlight the active participation of persons living with AD and sensory loss in signalling misunderstandings created by caregivers. However, the interface between cognitive and sensory abilities influences the communication among both conversational partners.
COMMUNITY PREVALENCE OF HEARING LOSS AMONG OLDER ADULTA IN MA, RI, CT, AND NH: COMPARING MEASURES
Authors: Frimpong Eric , Fleet Alexa , Gallero Constanza Tamara Matta , Jansen Taylor , Dugan Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hearing impairment and hearing loss may negatively impact social engagement and social relationships. Understanding community rates of hearing loss would identify disparities and may inform service delivery and potentially improve quality of life for adults with hearing loss. The aim of this study is to describe community prevalence of hearing loss and to compare two measurement approaches: self-report and clinically derived from Medicare claims.

Methods
Data were from the Healthy Aging Data Report (healthyagingdatareports.org) for the New England states (MA, NH, CT, and RI) with indicators calculated from the American Community Surveys (MA: 2012-2016; RI:2016-2018; CT: 2014-2018 and NH: 2012-2016), and the Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary Files (MA: 2014-2015; RI: 2016-2017; CT: 2016-2017 and NH: 2014-2015).

Results
rates derived from CMS clinical diagnosis were higher (MA: 16.1%; RI: 16.4%; CT: 15.7%, and NH: 14.4%) compared to the self-reported ACS rates (MA: 14.2%; RI: 13.9%: CT: 12.4% and NH: 15.0%). The highest community prevalence rate of self-reported hearing loss (36.36%) was in Monroe MA. For clinically diagnosed hearing loss, Hanover NH (home to Dartmouth College and health system) reported the highest rate (26.12%). Having excellent access to health care is associated with higher community rates of clinically diagnosed hearing loss. Results showed that the community prevalence of hearing impairment was variable by community. The potential impact of hearing loss on social, emotional, and physical well-being indicates a need for interventions to diagnose and treat it.