bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient selection for milk and egg ladders using a food ladder safety checklist
Authors: Chua Gilbert T. , Chan Edmond S. , Yeung Joanne , Cameron Scott B. , Soller Lianne , Williams Brock A. , Chomyn Alanna , Vander Leek Timothy K. , Abrams Elissa M. , Mak Raymond , Wong Tiffany 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA food ladder is a form of home-based dietary advancement therapy that gradually increases exposure to an allergenic food through the gradual introduction of egg or milk containing food with increasing quantity and allergenicity from extensively heated forms, such as baked goods, to less processed products. While widely considered safe, the food ladder is not risk-free and most of the egg and milk ladder studies only included preschoolers with mild egg and milk allergies, and with no or well-controlled asthma. We propose a Food Ladder Safety Checklist to assist with patient selection using “4 A's” based on available evidence for food ladders, including Age, active or poorly controlled Asthma, history of Anaphylaxis, and Adherence.
PET imaging of an optimized anti-PD-L1 probe 68Ga-NODAGA-BMS986192 in immunocompetent mice and non-human primates
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Bao Guangfa , Wang Ziqiang , Zhang Buchuan , Li Dan , Chen Lixing , Deng Xiaoyun , Yu Bo , Zhao Jun , Zhu Xiaohua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Adnectin is a protein family derived from the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin (10Fn3) with high-affinity targeting capabilities. Positron emission tomography (PET) probes derived from anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) Adnectins, including 18F- and 68Ga-labeled BMS-986192, are recently developed for the prediction of patient response to immune checkpoint blockade. The 68Ga-labeled BMS-986192, in particular, is an attractive probe for under-developed regions due to the broader availability of 68Ga. However, the pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility of 68Ga-labeled BMS-986192 are still unknown, especially in non-human primates, impeding its further clinical translation.

Methods
We developed a variant of 68Ga-labeled BMS-986192 using 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA) as the radionuclide–chelator. The resultant probe, 68Ga-NODAGA-BMS986192, was evaluated in terms of targeting specificity using a bilateral mouse tumor model inoculated with wild-type B16F10 and B16F10 transduced with human PD-L1 (hPD-L1-B16F10). The dynamic biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of this probe were also investigated in non-human primate cynomolgus.

Results
68Ga-NODAGA-BMS986192 was prepared with a radiochemical purity above 99%. PET imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-BMS986192 efficiently delineated the hPD-L1-B16F10 tumor at 1 h post-injection. The PD-L1-targeting capability of this probe was further confirmed using in vivo blocking assay and ex vivo biodistribution studies. PET dynamic imaging in both mouse and cynomolgus models revealed a rapid clearance of the probe via the renal route, which corresponded to the low background signals of the PET images. The probe also exhibited a favorable radiation dosimetry profile with a total-body effective dose of 6.34E-03 mSv/MBq in male cynomolgus.

Conclusions
68Ga-NODAGA-BMS986192 was a feasible and safe tool for the visualization of human PD-L1. Our study also provided valuable information on the potential of targeted PET imaging using Adnectin-based probes.
Mapping research evidence on implementation of the WHO ‘best buys’ and other interventions for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kadiri Adjei , Ansu-Mensah Monica , Bawontuo Vitalis , Kuupiel Desmond 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global health concern. To reduce the burden of morbidity, mortality and disability due to NCDs, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed ‘best buys’ and other interventions for the prevention and control of NCDs by member countries. However, their extent of implementation especially in sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) is not known. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map and describe research evidence on implementation of the WHO’s ‘best buys’ and other interventions for reducing unhealthy diets in SSA.

Methods
This review will be guided by the enhanced version of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the recent Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. To identify the relevant published literature for this review, a comprehensive keyword search will be conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, Health Resource and PsycINFO) and Cochrane Library from 2017 to 2021. Boolean terms (‘AND’ and ‘OR’), as well as Medical Subject Heading terms, will be included where essential. Government websites of SSA countries, the WHO’s website and Google Scholar will be consulted for grey literature such as governmental policies/strategies focus on reducing unhealthy diets. Moreover, the reference list of included evidence sources will be searched for additional literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles at the abstract and full-text screening phases guided by the review eligibility criteria. Also, all relevant data will be extracted independently by two reviewers, analysed thematically and the findings reported qualitatively.

Discussion
The evidence produced by this review will help identify implementation and policy gaps to inform future implementation research/interventions studies using a variety of evidence-based strategies towards the prevention and control of NCDs due to unhealthy diets in the WHO Africa Region. Platforms such as peer review journals, policy briefs and conferences will be used to disseminate this review’s findings.
Sepsis: emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopian referral hospitals
Authors: Legese Melese Hailu , Asrat Daniel , Swedberg Göte , Hasan Badrul , Mekasha Amha , Getahun Tadesse , Worku Misganaw , Shimber Eminet Tesfaye , Getahun Seid , Ayalew Tsedale , Gizachew Birhan , Aseffa Abraham , Mihret Adane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sepsis due to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a growing public health problem mainly in low-income countries.

Methods
A multicenter study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at four hospitals located in central (Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12), southern (Hawassa) and northern (Dessie) parts of Ethiopia. A total of 1416 patients clinically investigated for sepsis were enrolled. The number of patients from Tikur Anbessa, Yekatit 12, Dessie and Hawassa hospital was 501, 298, 301 and 316, respectively. At each study site, blood culture was performed from all patients and positive cultures were characterized by their colony characteristics, gram stain and conventional biochemical tests. Each bacterial species was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF). Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria was determined by disc diffusion. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results
Among 1416 blood cultures performed, 40.6% yielded growth. Among these, 27.2%, 0.3% and 13.1%, were positive for pathogenic bacteria, yeast cells and possible contaminants respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.1%), Klebsiella variicola (18.1%) and E. coli (12.4%) were the most frequent. Most K. variicola were detected at Dessie (61%) and Hawassa (36.4%). Almost all Pantoea dispersa (95.2%) were isolated at Dessie. Rare isolates (0.5% or 0.2% each) included Leclercia adecarboxylata, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia, Kosakonia cowanii and Lelliottia amnigena. Enterobacteriaceae most often showed resistance to ampicillin (96.2%), ceftriaxone (78.3%), cefotaxime (78%), cefuroxime (78%) and ceftazidime (76.4%). MDR frequency of Enterobacteriaceae at Hawassa, Tikur Anbessa, Yekatit 12 and Dessie hospital was 95.1%, 93.2%, 87.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Carbapenem resistance was detected in 17.1% of K. pneumoniae (n = 111), 27.7% of E. cloacae (n = 22) and 58.8% of Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 34).

Conclusion
Diverse and emerging gram-negative bacterial etiologies of sepsis were identified. High multidrug resistance frequency was detected. Both on sepsis etiology types and MDR frequencies, substantial variation between hospitals was determined. Strategies to control MDR should be adapted to specific hospitals. Standard bacteriological services capable of monitoring emerging drug-resistant sepsis etiologies are essential for effective antimicrobial stewardship.
Consideration of specific key points improves outcome of decompression treatment in patients with endocrine orbitopathy: pre-/post-OP comparison and biomechanical simulation
Authors: Krause Matthias , Neuhaus Michael-Tobias , Sterker Ina , Bartella Alexander K. , Schönfeld Annika , Lethaus Bernd , Zimmerer Rüdiger , Gladilin Evgeny 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEndocrine orbitopathy is typically treated by resecting orbital walls. This procedure reduces intraorbital pressure by releasing intraorbital tissue, effectively alleviating the symptoms. However, selection of an appropriate surgical plan for treatment of endocrine orbitopathy requires careful consideration because predicting the effects of one-, two-, or three-wall resections on the release of orbital tissues is difficult. Here, based on our experience, we describe two specific orbital sites (’key points’) that may significantly improve decompression results. Methodological framework of this work is mainly based on comparative analysis pre- and post-surgery tomographic images as well as image- and physics-based simulation of soft tissue outcome using the finite element modelling of mechanical soft tissue behaviour. Thereby, the optimal set of unknown modelling parameters was obtained iteratively from the minimum difference between model predictions and post-surgery ground truth data. This report presents a pre-/post-surgery study indicating a crucial role of these particular key points in improving the post-surgery outcome of decompression treatment of endocrine orbitopathy which was also supported by 3D biomechanical simulation of alternative two-wall resection plans. In particular, our experimental results show a nearly linear relationship between the resection area and amount of tissue released in the extraorbital space. However, a disproportionately higher volume of orbital outflow could be achieved under consideration of the two special key points. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering natural biomechanical obstacles to improved outcomes in two-wall resection treatment of endocrine orbitopathy. Further investigations of alternative surgery scenarios and post-surgery data are required to generalize the insights of this feasibility study.
Exploring the potential of taurolidine in inducing mobilization and detachment of colon cancer cells: a preliminary in-vitro study
Authors: Mikolajczyk Agata , Khosrawipour Veria , Lau Hien , Li Shiri , Migdal Pawel , Labbé Maya Karine , Kielan Wojciech , Nicpon Jakub , Stieglitz Sven , Khosrawipour Tanja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, taurolidine has been intensively studied on a variety of in-vitro cancer cell-lines and first data exhibit encouraging antitumoral effects. While the clinical use of taurolidine is considered, some studies with in-vivo experiments contradict this beneficial effect and even indicate advanced cancer growth. The aim of this study is to further investigate this paradox in-vivo effect by taurolidine and closely analyze the interaction of cancer cells with the surrounding environment following taurolidine exposure.

Methods
HT-29 (ATCC® HTB-38™) cells were treated with taurolidine at different concentrations and oxaliplatin using an in-vitro model. Morphological changes with respect to increasing taurolidine dosage were visualized and monitored using electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity of the agents as well as extent of cellular detachment by mechanical stress was measured for each substance using a colorimetric MTS assay.

Results
Both taurolidine and oxaliplatin exhibit cell toxicity on colon cancer cells. Taurolidine reshapes colon cancer cells from round into spheric cells and further induces cluster formation. When exposed to mechanical stress, taurolidine significantly enhances detachment of adherent colon carcinoma cells compared to the control (p < 0.05) and the oxaliplatin group (p < 0.05). This effect is dose dependent.

Conclusions
Beside its cytotoxic effects, taurolidine could also change mechanical interactions of cancer cells with their environment. Local cancer cell conglomerates could be mechanically mobilized and may cause metastatic growth further downstream. The significance of changes in cellular morphology caused by taurolidine as well as its interaction with the microenvironment must be further addressed in clinical cancer therapies. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate both the safety and efficacy of taurolidine for the treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies.
Quantitative logging data clustering with hidden Markov model to assist log unit classification
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Hamada Yohei , Fukuchi Rina , Nomura Shunichi , Shigematsu Norio , Kiguchi Tsutomu , Ueki Kenta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRevealing subsurface structures is a fundamental task in geophysical and geological studies. Logging data are usually acquired through drilling projects, which constrain the subsurface structure, and together with the description of drill core samples, are used to distinguish geological units. Clustering is useful for interpreting logging data and making log unit classification and is usually performed by manual inspection of the data. However, the validity of clustering results with such subjective criteria may be questionable. This study proposed the application of a statistical clustering method, the hidden Markov model, to conduct unsupervised clustering of logging data. As logging data are aligned along the drilled hole, they and the geological structure hidden behind such sequential datasets can be regarded as observables and hidden states in the hidden Markov model. When log unit classification is manually conducted, depth dependency of logging data is usually focused. Therefore, we included depth information as observables to explicitly represent depth dependency of logging data. The model was applied to the following geological settings: the accretionary prism at the Nankai Trough, the onshore fault zone at the Kii Peninsula (southwest Japan), and the forearc basin at the Japan Trench. The optimum number of clusters were searched using a quantitative index. The clustering results using the hidden Markov model were consistent with previously reported classifications or lithological descriptions; however, our method allowed a more detailed division of logging data, which is useful to interpret geological structures, such as a fault or a fault zone. Therefore, the use of the hidden Markov model enabled us to clarify assumptions quantitatively and conduct clustering consistently for the entire depth range, even for different geological sites. The proposed method is expected to have wider applicability and extensibility for other types of data, including geochemical and structural geological data.Graphical Abstract
Rapamycin golden jubilee and still the miraculous drug: a potent immunosuppressant, antitumor, rejuvenative agent, and potential contributor in COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A. , Elkhateeb Waill A. , Daba Ghoson M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough celebrating its golden jubilee, rapamycin’s importance keeps increasing by the day. Starting as a promising antifungal agent, then as a potent immunosuppressant, strong anticancer drug, and now rapamycin is attracting serious attention as a rejuvenative agent and a possible contributor in treating this era pandemic, COVID-19. Due to its diverse biological activities and promising medical applications, we aimed in this review to put rapamycin under the spot and highlight its discovery, famous microbial producers, reported biological activities, chemical structure, famous analogues, and biosynthesis. Moreover, discuss some rapamycin production approaches including solid-state fermentation, and stressing out producing strain. On the other hand, describe its action mechanism and trials to use it in treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, we highlighted some of the side effects accompanying its use, and describe some approaches reported to minimize these undesired effects. Finally, we report the current status of rapamycin and its analogues in global market, and discuss future prospects of this potent drug.
First record of the genus Acletoxenus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its predaceous species A. formosus (Leow, 1864) in Egypt, with some field observations and biological remarks
Authors: Nada Maha Salah Eldin , Ebrahim Ayman Mohey Eldin , El-Hawagry Magdi Shaaban Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The genus Acletoxenus (tribe Gitonini, subfamily Steganinae, family Drosophilidae) is a small widespread genus, comprising only four species worldwide, namely: Acletoxenus indicus Malloch, 1929, A. quadristriatus Duda, 1936, A. meijerei Duda, 1924 in addition to A. formosus (Leow, 1864), the species of the present study. The larvae of Acletoxenus spp. are known as predators of whiteflies.

Results
The genus Acletoxenus and its predaceous species A. formosus (Leow, 1864) are recorded in the present study for the first time from Egypt. This species was found associated with the immature stages of the glasshouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) feeding on the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis L. which has been grown at the Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. The morphological diagnoses, in situ predatory behavior in the field and ex situ biological remarks in the laboratory were discussed.

Conclusion
The predaceous drosophilid fly, Acletoxenus formosus (Leow, 1864), is recorded herein with its genus for the first time from Egypt as the second representative of the tribe Gitonini (subfamilies Steganinae, family Drosophilidae) in the country. The recording of this species in Egypt is of a great interest as it will encourage and lead to further research on different biological aspects. This drosophilid is a beneficial fly as its larvae are predators of immature stages of whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae) and it could be used as a potential biological control agent.
Establishment of a novel experimental model of infected anal fistula in rat
Authors: Zhao Meng , Wang Aitong , Zhang Leisheng , Yu Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRefractory Crohn's-like enterocutaneous fistula indicates the aggressive manifestation and lead to poor prognosis of patients. The development of multidisciplinary strategies for fistula administration largely subjects to the deficiency of animal model for disease remodeling and the underlying pathogenic mechanism. For the purpose, infected anal fistula model was conducted by BLV single-core electrolytic aluminum combined with dextran sodium sulfate. Notably, the inflammatory granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration in the perianal tissue were arised on day 7 of the model by utilizing the Hematoxylin–eosin staining. With the aid of magnetic resonance imaging and signals of high-brightness. We intuitively observed the thickening and edema appeared in the fistula wall, which collectively suggested the formation of a fistula in the perianal area of the rat. Distinguish from the current models of anal fistula modeling including the body surface of fistula, backside of fistula and drainage wire of fistula, our model revealed multifaceted advantages such as quicker generation, higher modeling rate, preferable stability, better consistency, cost-effective, and in particular, more convenient to mimic clinical manifestations of anal fistula.
Real-time observation of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the inflamed mouse brain via two-photon intravital imaging
Authors: Byun Da Jeong , Kim Young Min , Hyun Young-Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntravital imaging via two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a useful tool for observing and delineating biological events at the cellular and molecular levels in live animals in a time-lapse manner. This imaging method provides spatiotemporal information with minimal phototoxicity while penetrating a considerable depth of intact organs in live animals. Although various organs can be visualized using intravital imaging, in the field of neuroscience, the brain is the main organ whose cell-to-cell interactions are imaged using this technique. Intravital imaging of brain disease in mouse models acts as an abundant source of novel findings for studying cerebral etiology. Neutrophil infiltration is a well-known hallmark of inflammation; in particular, the crucial impact of neutrophils on the inflamed brain has frequently been reported in literature. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have drawn attention as an intriguing feature over the last couple of decades, opening a new era of research on their underlying mechanisms and biological effects. However, the actual role of NETs in the body is still controversial and is in parallel with a poor understanding of NETs in vivo. Although several experimental methods have been used to determine NET generation in vitro, some research groups have applied intravital imaging to detect NET formation in the inflamed organs of live mice. In this review, we summarize the advantages of intravital imaging via TPM that can also be used to characterize NET formation, especially in inflamed brains triggered by systemic inflammation. To study the function and migratory pattern of neutrophils, which is critical in triggering the innate immune response in the brain, intravital imaging via TPM can provide new perspectives to understand inflammation and the resolution process.
Modelling of cutting force and surface roughness of ultrasonic-assisted drilling using artificial neural network
Authors: Abdelkawy Abdallah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents artificial neural network modelling for the thrust force in terms of maximum and mean values and the surface roughness for drilling soda glass using ultrasonic-assisted drilling. The experimental parameters are the tool concentrations (normal and high), cutting speed, and feed rate. The feedforward architecture neural network is composed of 10 hidden layers with sigmoid function and output layer with linear function. Three models are developed for each response individually and then one model for the three outputs. The models between the neural network output and the target (experimental results) for training, validation, and test data are developed, and their coefficients of regression are reasonable for this experimental data. The suitable number of hidden layers is examined with mean square error, and it is found that it decreases with increasing the number of hidden layer. The three models are developed based on one output, and the model of the three outputs is very close and good representative for the experimental results. It is concluded that the variables can be controlled and optimized by the same conditions.