bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of bioactive molecule from Indian hog plum (Spondias mangifera Willd.) fruit
Authors: Sivaprasad M. , Policegoudra R. S. , Aradhya S. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fresh Indian hog plum fruits (Spondias mangifera Willd.) were sliced, dried and powdered. Sequential extraction of this fruit powder was carried out using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol. When these extracts were tested for different bioactivities, methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and this extract was used to extract the bioactive molecule by silica gel column chromatography for isolating the pure bioactive molecule. The structure of the bioactive molecule was elucidated by analyzing UV, IR, LC-MS and 2D-HMQCT NMR spectral data and named it as Spondiol. This bioactive molecule showed an EC50 value of 80, 104, 161 and 196 for DPPH radical scavenging activity, Superoxide radical scavenging activity, Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and metal chelating activity respectively. Spondiol also inhibited platelet aggregation with IC50 of 250 mg and 350 mg when induced by collagen and Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) respectively. It also controlled the growth of bacteria viz., b. subtilis, M. luteus, S. fecalis, S. aureus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus.
Maximum-norm a posteriori error bounds for an extrapolated Euler/finite element discretisation of parabolic equations
Authors: Linss Torsten , Radojev Goran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A class of linear parabolic equations are considered. We give a posteriori error estimates in the maximum norm for a method that comprises extrapolation applied to the backward Euler method in time and finite element discretisations in space. We use the idea of elliptic reconstructions and certain bounds for the Green’s function of the parabolic operator.AMS subject classification (2000): 65M15, 65M60.
Defunctioning stoma before neoadjuvant treatment or resection of endoscopically obstructing rectal cancer
Authors: Sandén Gustav , Svensson Johan , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Rutegård Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim
To investigate whether patients with endoscopically untraversable rectal cancer may benefit from a defunctioning stoma created before initiation of neoadjuvant therapy or resectional surgery.
Methods
This is a retrospective study comprising patients diagnosed with rectal cancer during the years 2007–2020 in Region Västerbotten, Sweden. The primary outcome was time between diagnosis and any treatment, while survival and the incidence of complications were secondary outcomes. Data were obtained from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and medical records. Kaplan-Meier failure curves were used for visualization, and a multivariable Cox regression model was employed to adjust for confounding.
Results
Out of 843 patients, 57 with endoscopically obstructing rectal cancer remained after applying exclusion criteria. Some 12/57 (21%) patients received a planned defunctioning stoma before treatment (planned stoma group), and the remainder received upfront neoadjuvant therapy or surgery (control group). Median time to any treatment was 51 days for the planned stoma group and 36 days for the control group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.64). There was no significant difference in survival between the groups. As for complications, these occurred at a rate of 5/12 (42%) and 7/45 (16%) in the planned stoma group and control group, respectively.
Conclusion
A planned stoma results in treatment delay, but it remains unclear whether this is clinically relevant. Complications were more common in the planned stoma group, although the data are limited. While larger studies are needed, it seems feasible to avoid defunctioning stomas even in endoscopically obstructing rectal cancers.
An investigation on the monkeypox virus dynamics in Human and Rodents population for a deterministic mathematical model
Authors: Leandry Leonce 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A deterministic mathematical model was formulated for the two populations with vaccination and quarantine intervention which is proved to be well defined with positive invariant Domain. The disease free and endemic equilibrium were found and analyzed which are globally stable for the effective reproduction number of both the Human and Rodents if less than unit at disease free and greater than unit at endemic equilibrium. The sensitivity analysis were performed and the most sensitive parameters were determined. Furthermore, the analysis has been done by using the estimated parameters and the graphical analysis were presented. The results show reproduction number is 0.00000024768 for Human and 5.3749 for Rodents which revealed that the main contribution of infection is from the Rodents population not only that but also the study reveals that the increase in vaccination and quarantine together could reduce the reproduction number hence eradicate the virus.
Using histogram analysis of the intrinsic brain activity mapping to identify essential tremor
Authors: Xiao Pan , Tao Li , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Qin , Gui Hong’e , Xu Bintao , Zhang Xueyan , He Wanlin , Chen Huiyue , Wang Hansheng , Lv Fajin , Luo Tianyou , Cheng Oumei , Luo Jin , Man Yun , Xiao Zheng , Fang Weidong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Histogram analysis based on brain intrinsic activity imaging has a promising way to identify ET patients from healthy controls (HCs) and further explore the spontaneous brain activity changes and build the potential diagnostic biomarker in ET patients. Methods The histogram features extracted from 133 ET patients and 135 well-matched HCs as the input features. Then, a two-sample t-test, the mutual information, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were applied to reduce the feature dimensionality. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to differentiate ET and HCs and the classification performance was compared in the testing set. Moreover, correlation analysis was carried out between the selected histogram features and clinical tremor characteristics. Results Each classifier achieved a good classification performance in training and testing sets. The mean accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of SVM, LR, RF, and KNN in the testing set were 92.62%, 0.948; 92.01%, 0.942; 93.88%, 0.941; 92.27%, 0.939, respectively. The most power discriminative features were mainly located in the cerebello-thalamo-motor and non-motor cortical pathways. Correlation analysis showed that there were 2 histogram features negatively and 1 positively correlated with tremor severity. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the histogram analysis of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) images with multiple machine learning algorithms could identify ET patients from HCs, and help to understand the spontaneous brain activity pathogenesis mechanisms in ET patients.
Semblance of a Physician: Medical students’ experiences during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus consultation simulation
Authors: Neto Gabriel Lavorato , Turato Egberto Ribeiro , Parisi Maria Cândida Ribeiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To understand fourth-year medical students’ experiences in a Performance-Based Education theatrical intervention in the clinical management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2 (T2DM) in Primary Care.METHODOLOGY:Qualitative design in which 10 students were interviewed after intervention of the following two T2DM management scenarios: 1) the diagnosis and initiation of the therapeutic plan; 2) initiation of insulin therapy. The symbolic meanings that the students attributed to the experience are described and discussed following the Balint Medical Psychology framework and literature on T2DM in undergraduate studies in medicine. RESULTS:We present two categories: 1) Concerning the symbolic meanings of T2DM and its management and; 2) Regarding the role of the performer towards the person with T2DM, their colleagues and the T2DM clinic. CONCLUSION:Subjective factors in teaching T2DM management that need to be addressed are: anxieties and negative ideas about the treatment and difficulty of exercising the role of a physician. Teaching-learning through Performance-Based Learning (PBL) makes it possible to address these issues. The results are theoretical resources that can be incorporated into teaching-learning strategies through reflection aimed at developing T2DM management skills in the work profile of general practitioners in Primary Care.
Expectations of Tutte-related functions of random ranked sets with multiplicities
Authors: Tran Tan Nhat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Employing two models, we show that various counting functions of a random variable defined by restriction or contraction of a ranked set with multiplicity (e.g., classical and arithmetic matroids) have expectations given by the corresponding multivariate Tutte polynomial. The first model is based on a generalization of a convolution formula of Kung (2010), extending from matroids to ranked sets with multiplicities. This model enables us to compute the expectations of many familiar polynomials, such as the chromatic, flow and Ehrhart polynomials, generalizing the classical results of Welsh (1996) on random graphs. The second model is designed to compute the expectations of invariants that are generally not evaluations of the polynomials mentioned above, such as the number of connected components of an intersection of hypersurfaces in an abelian Lie group arrangement, and the number of lattice points in a half-open zonotope. In particular, both models yield new probabilistic interpretations of the arithmetic Tutte polynomial and $G$-Tutte polynomial. A simple convolution-like formula for the Ehrhart polynomials of lattice zonotopes which seems to be new will also be given.
A preoperative MRI-based prediction model for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Pan Minjie , Li Shouchun , Liu Fade , Liang Linghui , Shang Jinwei , Xia Wei , Cheng Gong , Hua Lixin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To propose and verify whether MRI-based model can reduce the incidence of postoperative biochemical failure (BF) in patients with PCa.Design: The center retrospectively analyzed 967 patients who accepted prostate bpMRI and radical prostatectomy (RP) from June 2018 to January 2020. Then, the included 446 patients were randomized into a research cohort (n=335) and validation cohort (n=111) at a ratio of 3:1. In addition to clinical variables, MRI models also include MRI parameters. The AUC of ROC and decision curve is analyzed.Main outcomes: Risk of postoperative BF, defined as persistent high or re-elevated PSA levels in patients with PCa who lack evidence of clinical recurrence.Result: Overall, in the research cohort (age, 69 [63 - 74] years) and the validation cohort (age, 69 [64 - 74] years), the incidence of postoperative BF was 22.39% and 27.02%, respectively. In the research cohort, the AUC of baseline model and MRI model were 0.780 and 0.857, respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). The results in the validation cohort were consistent (0.753 vs. 0.865, P < 0.05). At a 20% risk threshold, The false positive rate of MRI model was lower than that of baseline model (31% [95% CI, 9%-39%] vs 44% [95% CI, 15%-64%]), with the true positive rate has only decreased a little (83% [95% CI,63%-94%] vs 87% [95% CI, 75%-100%]). 32 of 100 RPs can been performed, with no raise in quantity of patients with missed BF.Conclusion: We developed and verified a MRI-based prediction model that predicts the incidence of BF in patients after RP through preoperative clinical variables and MRI-related variables. This model could be helpful for clinical work.
Sorafenib Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced PD-L1 Upregulation to Improve Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Jizhuang , Hu Fangqiong , Yu Pei , Wang Jun , Liu Zhuochao , Bao Qiyuan , Wen Junxiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Although undergoing conventional chemotherapy significantly improves the prognosis of osteosarcoma, chemoresistance and failure of therapy is still a significant challenge. Furthermore, conventional chemotherapy, like doxorubicin, would upregulate the expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) which caused an immunosuppressive microenvironment and unsatisfied treatment result in Osteosarcoma. Thus, it is urgent to explore a strategy to overcome this disadvantage.Methods: Human Osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and mouse Osteosarcoma cell line K7 were included in this study. Subcutaneous tumor model was used by injection K7 cells in BALB/C mice to test the effect of doxorubicin and sorafenib on tumor growth. PD-L1 expression was tested in vitro (flow cytometry, western blot and PCR) and in vivo (flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry). Proportion of immune cells (CD4, CD8, Tregs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) in vivo was analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: Combination of sorafenib and doxorubicin inhibited tumor growth significantly in vivo. Doxorubicin increased PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo, while sorafenib inhibited doxorubicin-induced PD-L1 upregulation in vitro and in vivo. Proportion of interferon-γ-secreting CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor tissue was increased significantly when combined sorafenib with doxorubicin, while proportion of CD4, CD8 and Tregs was not significantly changed. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) pathway could be one of the key mechanisms by which doxorubicin induced upregulation of PD-L1 in osteosarcoma cells.Conclusion: Combination of sorafenib and conventional chemotherapeutic reagents is a potent strategy to improve treatment effectiveness by modulating tumor micro environment in Osteosarcoma through increasing proportion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Multi-decadal change in summer mean water temperature in Lake Konnevesi, Finland (1984-2021)
Authors: Noori Roohollah , Woolway R. Iestyn , Jun Changhyun , Bateni Sayed M. , Maghrebi Mohsen , Pulkkanen Merja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Depth-resolved water temperature data on the thermal environment of lakes are often hindered by sparse temporal frequency, limited depth resolution, or short duration that create many challenges for long-term analysis. Where high frequency and depth-resolved data exist, they can provide a wealth of knowledge about how lakes are responding to a changing climate. In this study, we analyzed 302 profiles of summer mean water temperature (July to September), which includes 6756 unique observations, from Lake Konnevesi (Finland) and investigated changes in lake surface and deep-water temperature from 1984 to 2021. Statistical analysis of this dataset suggests a substantial warming of lake surface water temperature (0.41 °C decade-1) but no significant change in the deepest layer (0.00 °C decade-1). Our analysis also suggested the inter-annual variability in lake surface temperature correlated significantly with the upward trends of summer mean air temperature and solar radiation, but suggested no significant effect of observed changes in ice break-up dates or changes in near-surface wind speed. None of the investigated predictors correlated with the change in deep-water temperature. Due to the variable response of lake surface and bottom water temperature to climate change in this high-latitude lake, our data suggest a substantial increase in lake thermal stability. Our study supports the growing literature on lake thermal responses to climate change, and illustrates the unique contrast of climate change impacts at the surface and at depth in lake ecosystems, with deep waters acting as a potential thermal refuge to aquatic organisms within a warming world.
Health Risk Vulnerability of Farm Community to Pesticide Application in Upper Jhelum Basin of Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Ganaie M. Imran , Dev Aisha , Wani Manzoor A. , Mayer Ishtiaq A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ever growing population constantly put pressure on natural resources to cope with demands for their survival. This is particularly true with agriculture sector with reference to food and cash crops. Technology is playing its role in enhancing crop production. As such pesticides and chemical fertilizers have become an inseparable part of current agriculture and horticulture system. At the same time adverse impacts of such type of technology is seen on environment, ecosystems and on human and animal life. The present study has been conducted on the farm community of Kashmir Valley to assess pesticide poisoning in them . A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 farmers related to various health parameters to access their well-being by using statistical and mathematical techniques. The most frequently reported symptoms associated with pesticides were related to vision ailments (RRs = 3.90 ; X2 = 55.94), followed by nerve disorder system (RRs = 1.84 ; X2 = 17.26), dermal (RRs = 2.08 ; X2 = 17.40), general symptoms (RRs = 1.06 ; X2 = 0.27), gastro-intestinal tract infections (RRs = 1.62 ; X2 = 1.46) and respiratory disorders (RRs = 1.48 ; X2 = 0.82). Chi-square analysis and odds ratios show significant association between the farmer's educational level (X2 = 8.16) and pesticide poisoning. The study revealed that farmers were exposed to highly harmful pesticides, inadequate safety measures followed in handling pesticide application. Hence, the role of educational and training interventions on pesticide handling requires attention at community and panchayat level.
Effects of influent municipal wastewater microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene profiles on anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent
Authors: Sawaya Christelle , El Khoury Charbel , Ramadan Lama , Deeb Reem , Harb Moustapha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Municipal wastewater management is an important target area for reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance, especially given the parallel increasing need for water reuse. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have the potential to play a key role in safely expanding non-potable wastewater reuse practices. In the present study, the effect of commencing treatment of municipal wastewater by an AnMBR was evaluated after an extended startup phase using only synthetic wastewater. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and β-lactams were quantified, and effluent microbial community progression was analyzed. Results indicated that the AnMBR effluent inherently harbored all targeted ARGs prior to the introduction of real wastewater (104–109 copies/100 mL effluent). sul1, sul2, and intI1 genes were notably higher initially than other genes and markedly increased after the system was transitioned to municipal wastewater. Although potentially pathogenic bacteria made up over 20% relative abundance of the influent, AnMBR effluents showed a marginalization of these groups as their microbial communities more closely resembled the tightly bound layer of membrane biofilms. This work highlights the need for emerging treatment systems to be evaluated on a basis that incorporates the differentiation of system-associated ARGs and assesses their environmental transmission potential within the effluent communities.
Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel NAD(H)-
dependent 3α-HSDH
Authors: Lou Deshuai , Zhou Zixin , Zhang Xiaoli , Cao Yangyang , Long Qian , Luo Cunhong , Li Qiang , Liu Xi , Tan Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSDH) reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of
the C3-hydroxyl group of steroids, and has been used in clinical applications to detect serum total bile acid
(TBA). In this study, A novel 3α-HSDH (called Sb 3α-HSDH) was expressed and characterized.

Methods:
Plasmid pGEX-6p-1 was used for the expression of Sb 3α-HSDH in Escherichia coli (BL21), and
activities were determined by recording the change in absorbance at 340 nm with/without adding of ions. A
prediction of its three-dimensional structure was performed with AlphaFold.

Results:
The substrate specificity test indicated that Sb 3α-HSDH is NAD(H)-dependent and has no activity
with NADP(H). We also showed that Sb 3α-HSDH can catalyze the oxidation reaction of GCDCA and
GUDCA with catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of 29.060 and 45.839 s-1mM-1, respectively. The temperature
dependence of catalysis suggests that Sb 3α-HSDH is a member of the mesophilic enzymes with its best
activity at about 45 °C. The optimum pH of Sb 3α-HSDH was found to be between pH 8.0 and 9.0. The
effect of ions, including K+, Mg2+, Na+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ on enzyme activity was evaluated and K+
and Mg2+ were found to enhance the activity of Sb 3α-HSDH by about 20% at concentrations of 200 mM and
50 mM, respectively. The well-conserved GIG motif, the active sites, and the Rossmann fold in the threedimensional
structure indicate that Sb 3α-HSDH belongs to the “classical” type of SDR superfamily.

Conclusion:
We expressed and characterized a novel NAD(H)-dependent 3α-HSDH with typical threedimensional
characteristics of the SDRs that exhibited substrate specificity to GCDCA and GUDCA.
Current Advances and Prospects in Carbon Nanomaterials-based
Drug Deliver Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lai Chunmei , Li Linyan , Luo Bangyue , Shen Jiangwen , Shao Jingwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The in-depth intersection between nanoscience and oncology comes from the
fact that nanomaterials are in a similar dimension to basic biomolecules. Drug delivery
systems (DDSs), which are either targeted to a particular site or intended for the controlled
release in a particular position, have been studied extensively at the nanoscale and
are, by far, the most advanced technology in the area of nanoparticle applications. This,
consequently lead to the improvement and development of convenient administration
routes, lower toxicity, fewer side effects, and extended drug life cycle. Carbon nanomaterials
(CNMs) with favorable size and unique fluorescence properties, which was considered
an ideal candidate to transport or deliver therapeutic drugs to specific targets in a
controlled manner. The development of DDSs based on them constitutes an interesting
topic in highly effective and universal therapies to achieve better therapeutic outcomes
and reduce the side effects of malignancies. In this review, the cutting-edge progress of
CNMs in DDSs was comprehensively summarized. Additionally, the emphasis was
placed on the applications of CNMs including fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs),
carbon dots (CDs), and nano-diamonds (NDs) in drug delivering. Further, we gave
some insights into the future direction and foreseeable challenges of DDSs based on
CNMs used in cancer therapy, which we hope these inspirations in DDSs associated with
anti-cancer therapy will provide perspectives in designing new drugs for further tumor
treatment.
The Role of Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Focusing on the
Therapeutic Implications of the Subfamily B2
Authors: Feng Feng , Sun Haopeng , Hu Yanyu , Lu Xin , Qiu Weimin , Liu Hui , Wang Qinghua , Chen Yao , Liu Wenyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are constituted by five inhibitory subpopulations (LILRB1-5) and six stimulatory subpopulations (LILRA1-6). The LILR populations substantially reside in immune cells, especially myeloid cells, functioning as a regulator in
immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory responses, during which the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are widely involved. In addition, LILRs are also
distributed in certain tumor cells, implicated in the malignancy progression. Collectively, the suppressive Ig-like LILRB2 is relatively well-studied to date. Herein, we summarized the whole family
of LILRs and their biologic function in various diseases upon ligation to the critical ligands, therefore providing more information on their potential roles in these pathological processes and giving
the clinical significance of strategies targeting LILRs.