bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Small Animal Trauma Patterns in Australia: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Hickey Mara C. , Napier Elizabeth , Ong Hui Mei 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether patterns of trauma changed following the start of local lockdowns due to COVID-19.DesignMulti-institutional retrospective study assessing patients presenting within 2 years prior to local lockdown due to COVID-19 and 1 year following lockdown inclusive.SettingTwo university teaching hospitals and one private referral center in Australia.AnimalsDogs and cats with a presenting complaint of known or suspected trauma.InterventionsPatient signalment, date of presentation, trauma type, treatment interventions and patient outcome (survival to discharge, cardiopulmonary arrest, or euthanasia) were recorded in a web-based data capture system (REDCap).Measurements and Main ResultsThree thousand one hundred eighty-nine patients (682 cats and 2,507 dogs) were included in the study. Overall trauma prevalence was 2.9% with pre-lockdown prevalence of 2.8% and post-lockdown prevalence of 3.1% (p &lt; 0.001). Cats had higher rates of blunt trauma while penetrating trauma was more prevalent in dogs (p &lt; 0.001). Juvenile patients were also more likely to have blunt trauma when compared to adult patients (p &lt; 0.001). Patient age and sex characteristics did not differ when comparing the 2 time periods. Compared to pre-lockdown, blunt and penetrating trauma patterns changed post-lockdown in dogs and cats (p &lt; 0.001 for both). Interventions were performed more frequently (p = 0.039) in the post-lockdown with surgical procedures having a significant increase (p = 0.015). Survival rates increased post-lockdown for both species (p &lt; 0.001) with financially driven euthanasia being less common than in pre-lockdown for dogs (p = 0.02).ConclusionsTrauma patterns changed for cats and dogs in the post-lockdown period. Compared to pre-lockdown, trauma prevalence was higher with a decrease in mortality rate. No increase in juvenile patients was identified post-lockdown. A decrease in financially driven euthanasia and an increase in interventions suggest no negative financial effect from COVID-19 lockdown on trauma patient care in Australia.
Simulating Solar Near-surface Rossby Waves by Inverse Cascade from Supergranule Energy
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Gilman Peter A. , Guerrero Gustavo A. , Kosovichev Alexander G. , McIntosh Scott W. , Sreenivasan Katepalli. R. , Warnecke Jörn , Zaqarashvili Teimuraz V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rossby waves are found at several levels in the Sun, most recently in its supergranule layer. We show that Rossby waves in the supergranule layer can be excited by an inverse cascade of kinetic energy from the nearly horizontal motions in supergranules. We illustrate how this excitation occurs using a hydrodynamic shallow-water model for a 3D thin rotating spherical shell. We find that initial kinetic energy at small spatial scales inverse cascades quickly to global scales, exciting Rossby waves whose phase velocities are similar to linear Rossby waves on the sphere originally derived by Haurwitz. Modest departures from the Haurwitz formula originate from nonlinear finite amplitude effects and/or the presence of differential rotation. Like supergranules, the initial small-scale motions in our model contain very little vorticity compared to their horizontal divergence, but the resulting Rossby waves are almost all vortical motions. Supergranule kinetic energy could have mainly gone into gravity waves, but we find that most energy inverse cascades to global Rossby waves. Since kinetic energy in supergranules is three or four orders of magnitude larger than that of the observed Rossby waves in the supergranule layer, there is plenty of energy available to drive the inverse-cascade mechanism. Tachocline Rossby waves have previously been shown to play crucial roles in causing seasons of space weather through their nonlinear interactions with global flows and magnetic fields. We briefly discuss how various Rossby waves in the tachocline, convection zone, supergranule layer, and corona can be reconciled in a unified framework.
Mixed-mode Asteroseismology of Red Giant Stars Through the Luminosity Bump
Authors: Lindsay Christopher J. , Ong J. M. Joel , Basu Sarbani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most current models of low-mass red giant stars do not reproduce the observed position of the red giant branch luminosity bump, a diagnostic of the maximum extent of the convective envelope during the first dredge up. Global asteroseismic parameters, the large frequency separation and frequency of maximum oscillation power, measured for large samples of red giants, show that modeling convective overshoot below the convective envelope helps match the modeled luminosity bump positions to observations; however, these global parameters cannot be used to probe envelope overshoot in a star-by-star manner. Red giant mixed modes, which behave like acoustic modes at the surface and like gravity modes in the core, contain important information about the interior structure of the star, especially near the convective boundary. Therefore, these modes may be used to probe interior processes, such as overshoot. Using a grid of red giant models with varying mass, metallicity, surface gravity, overshoot treatment, and amount of envelope overshoot, we find that changing the overshoot amplitude (and prescription) of overshoot below the convection zone in red giant stellar models results in significant differences in the evolution of the models’ dipole mixed-mode oscillation frequencies, the average mixed-mode period spacing (〈ΔP〉), and gravity-mode phase offset term (ϵ

g
).
Formation of the SDC13 Hub-filament System: A Cloud–Cloud Collision Imprinted on the Multiscale Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Koch Patrick M. , Tang Ya-Wen , Fuller Gary A. , Peretto Nicolas , Williams Gwenllian M. , Yen Hsi-Wei , Lee Han-Tsung , Chen Wei-An 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hub-filament systems (HFSs) are potential sites of protocluster and massive star formation, and play a key role in mass accumulation. We report JCMT POL-2 850 μm polarization observations toward the massive HFS SDC13. We detect an organized magnetic field near the hub center with a cloud-scale “U-shape” morphology following the western edge of the hub. Together with larger-scale APEX 13CO and PLANCK polarization data, we find that SDC13 is located at the convergent point of three giant molecular clouds (GMCs) along a large-scale, partially spiral-like magnetic field. The smaller “U-shape” magnetic field is perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field and the converging GMCs. We explain this as the result of a cloud–cloud collision. Within SDC13, we find that local gravity and velocity gradients point toward filament ridges and hub center. This suggests that gas can locally be pulled onto filaments and overall converges to the hub center. A virial analysis of the central hub shows that gravity dominates the magnetic and kinematic energy. Combining large- and small-scale analyses, we propose that SDC13 is initially formed from a collision of clouds moving along the large-scale magnetic field. In the post-shock regions, after the initial turbulent energy has dissipated, gravity takes over and starts to drive the gas accretion along the filaments toward the hub center.
Factors That Determine the Power-law Index of an Energy Distribution of Solar Flares
Authors: Kawai Toshiki , Imada Shinsuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The power-law index of an occurrence frequency distribution of flares as a function of energy is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the contribution of small-scale flares to coronal heating. For a few decades, many studies tried to derive the power-law index using various instruments and methods. However, these results are various and the cause of this uncertainty is unknown due to the variety of observation conditions. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of the index on the solar activity, coronal features, released energy range, and active region properties such as magnetic flux, twist, and size. Our findings are (1) annual power-law index derived from time series of total solar irradiance (Sun-as-a-star observation analysis) has a negative correlation with sunspot number; (2) power-law index in active region is smaller than that of the quiet Sun and coronal holes; (3) power-law index is almost constant in the energy range of 1025 ≲ E ≲ 1030 erg; and (4) active regions that have more magnetic free energy density, unsigned magnetic flux, and shear angle tend to have smaller power-law indices. Based on the results and energy-scaling law of Petschek-type reconnection, we suggest that the power-law index of sunspot-scale events is smaller than that of granule-scale events. Moreover, we indicated that sunspot-scale events follow CSHKP flare model whereas granule-scale events follow Parker’s nanoflare model.
GRB 210121A: Observation of Photospheric Emissions from Different Regimes and the Evolution of the Outflow
Authors: Song Xin-Ying , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Zhang Shu , Xiong Shao-Lin , Song Li-Ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
GRB 210121A was observed by Insight-HXMT, by the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), and by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi/GBM) on 2021 January 21. In this work, photospheric emission from a structured jet is preferred to interpret the prompt emission phase of GRB 210121A, and emissions from different regimes are observed on-axis. Particularly, the emission from the intermediate photosphere is first observed in the first 1.3 s of the prompt emission, while emissions from the other part are dominant by the emissions from the saturated regime. This offers an alternative explanation compared with previous work. Moreover, the emissions that consider the intermediate photosphere can well interpret the changes in the low-energy photon index α during the pulses. In addition, the evolution of the outflow is extracted from a time-resolved analysis, and a correlation of

Γ

0

∝

L

0

0.25
±
0.5

is obtained, which implies that the jet may be mainly launched by neutrino annihilation in a hyper-accretion disk.
Deep Simultaneous Limits on Optical Emission from FRB 20190520B by 24.4 fps Observations with Tomo-e Gozen
Authors: Niino Yuu , Doi Mamoru , Sako Shigeyuki , Ohsawa Ryou , Arima Noriaki , Jiang Ji-an , Tominaga Nozomu , Tanaka Masaomi , Li Di , Niu Chen-Hui , Tsai Chao-Wei , Kobayashi Naoto , Takahashi Hidenori , Kondo Sohei , Mori Yuki , Aoki Tsutomu , Arimatsu Ko , Kasuga Toshihiro , Okumura Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We conduct 24.4 fps optical observations of repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 20190520B using Tomo-e Gozen, a high-speed CMOS camera mounted on the Kiso 105 cm Schmidt telescope, simultaneously with radio observations carried out using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We succeeded in the simultaneous optical observations of 11 radio bursts that FAST detected. However, no corresponding optical emission was found. The optical fluence limits as deep as 0.068 Jy ms are obtained for the individual bursts (0.029 Jy ms on the stacked data) corrected for the dust extinction in the Milky Way. The fluence limit is deeper than those obtained in the previous simultaneous observations for an optical emission with a duration ≳0.1 ms. Although the current limits on radio-optical spectral energy distribution (SED) of FRBs are not constraining, we show that SED models based on observed SEDs of radio variable objects such as optically detected pulsars, and a part of parameter spaces of theoretical models in which FRB optical emission is produced by inverse Compton scattering in a pulsar magnetosphere or a strike of a magnetar blastwave into a hot wind bubble, can be ruled out once a similar fluence limit as in our observation is obtained for a bright FRB with a radio fluence ≳5 Jy ms.
The Role of Sural Nerve Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Vasculitis
Authors: Gisslander Karl , Dahlin Lars B. , Smith Rona , Jayne David , O’Donovan Dominic G. , Mohammad Aladdin J. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe diagnostic yield of sural nerve biopsy (SNB) in vasculitis is uncertain. Our aim was to document relevant characteristics of patients undergoing SNB in the investigation of vasculitis; determine the diagnostic yield; relate positive biopsy findings to patient demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables; and to calculate the rate of surgical complications.MethodsPatients with suspected vasculitis that underwent SNB as part of diagnostic evaluation at academic medical centers in Sweden and the United Kingdom were identified by searching local pathology databases and clinic registers. A structured review of medical case records and pathology reports was conducted. Histological findings were categorized as definite, probable, or no vasculitis in accordance with the 2015 Brighton Collaboration reinterpretation and update of the Peripheral Nerve Society guidelines for vasculitic neuropathy. Definite and probable findings were considered positive for vasculitis.ResultsNinety-one patients that underwent SNB were identified (45% female). Forty (44%) patients showed histological evidence of vasculitis: 14 definite and 26 probable. A concomitant muscle biopsy conducted in 10 patients did not contribute to the diagnostic yield. Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test, organ involvement other than the nervous system, and a longer biopsy sample were associated with a positive biopsy. The reported surgical complication rate was 15%.ConclusionSNB of sufficient length is a useful procedure to confirm a diagnosis of vasculitis.
Are All Routine Spondyloarthritis Outpatient Visits Considered Useful by Rheumatologists? An Exploratory Clinical Practice Study
Authors: Hermans Kasper , Boonen Annelies , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: June 2022

Objective To determine (1) the proportion of routine spondyloarthritis (SpA) outpatient visits considered (un)necessary by rheumatologists, (2) characteristics of (un)necessary visits, and (3) whether previsit remote health outcome assessments can identify the necessity of ensuing visits. Methods A random sample of follow-up visits was evaluated at an SpA outpatient clinic. Before visits, patient-reported outcomes and disease activity were collected through an online health registry (SpA-Net). Rheumatologists were asked whether visits were considered necessary and whether therapy was altered. Clinical actions during visits were documented alongside demographic and clinical patient characteristics; these were compared for necessary vs unnecessary visits. Multivariable logistic regressions explored which previsit health outcomes (disease activity, patient-reported physical and mental health) were associated with the perceived necessity of visits. Predictive value was calculated for high disease activity thresholds of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and patient global assessment (PtGA). Results Of 114 outpatient visits, 39 (34.2%) were considered unnecessary. These visits involved fewer treatment changes (6 of 39 [15.4%] vs 39 of 75 [52.0%] visits) and clinical actions (9 of 39 [23.1%] vs 47 of 75 [62.7%] visits) compared to visits considered necessary. Previsit ASDAS (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.80-9.17) and PtGA (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.17) were associated with the perceived necessity of visits. Positive predictive value of ASDAS ≥ 2.1 and PtGA ≥ 3.0 were 91.7% and 80.0%, respectively. Conclusion Traditional physician-initiated follow-up for patients with SpA likely results in a suboptimal use of time and resources. Remote disease activity assessments can help identify patients for whom visits might be necessary from a rheumatologist's perspective.
Pour une utopie réaliste de « Terre-Patrie »
Authors: Pena-Vega Alfredo 
Published: June 2022

Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture de l’utopie et de l’éthique de notre ère planétaire, s’inspirant des principes de « terre-patrie » d’Edgar Morin, qui suggèrent une autre vision de notre état du monde. La validité et la pertinence du concept de « terre-patrie » émergent comme une alternative à l’heure où nos visions du monde basculent fortement vers le désespoir et où celui qui dépeint un avenir utopique s’expose à la moquerie.
Le libéralisme à l’épreuve de l’utopie socialiste
Authors: Fournier Nino 
Published: June 2022

L’article analyse les raisons historiques et stratégiques qui ont contribué à construire la catégorie de « socialisme utopique » et à réserver le qualificatif d’utopique à un ensemble d’auteurs qui se réclamaient pourtant moins de l’utopie que de la science pour fonder leurs représentations normatives du social, alors que des stratégies rhétoriques similaires ont été localisées dans plusieurs courants de la « science économique ». En mobilisant certains concepts de la sociologie durkheimienne et certaines lectures critiques du libéralisme d’une part, et en suivant le travail de Pierre Rosanvallon d’autre part, il devient possible de construire le concept de « capitalisme utopique » pour questionner la relation entre des approches scientifiques et normatives de la société, renvoyant dos à dos libéralisme et socialisme comme deux programmes de construction de la société.
De la casquette aux chaussures : l’habillement du cycliste en Italie de la fin du XIX e siècle à aujourd’hui
Authors: Marchesini Daniele , Dietschy Paul 
Published: June 2022

Dans les années 1880, l’invention de la bicyclette moderne fait naître une nouvelle catégorie d’adeptes : les femmes. Le cadre ouvert de la bicicletta réservée aux femmes leur permet de porter des jupons. D’amples caleçons autorisent les femmes les plus sportives de participer à leurs premières courses cyclistes. Mais l’Église puis les préfets du régime fasciste veillent. Il faut attendre les années 1950 et la diffusion d’un autre instrument de liberté, le scooter, pour que femmes et hommes revêtent le même habillement sur deux roues. Pour chausser le pied on utilise d’abord des chaussures de ville basses à talon, qui s’insèrent dans les cale-pieds auxquels on ajoute une courroie de cuir. La principale innovation intervient en 1985 avec l’apparition de la fixation Look inspirée par le ski. Le vêtement masculin connaît aussi des transformations. Pour les sportifs, s’il n’est pas attaché à la cheville, le pantalon se raccourcit au-dessus du genou, le problème principal résidant dans les frottements avec la selle. À partir des années 1970, la production d’une fibre synthétique polyuréthane élastique par DuPont ou Bayer permet de fabriquer des cuissards renforcés sous les fesses et épousant leurs formes et celles des cuisses. Les fabricants de maillots qui utilisaient auparavant la laine optent alors aussi pour les fibres synthétiques. Le maillot s’ouvre désormais sur tout le thorax. Comme au football, il a ses couleurs bien identifiables mais aujourd’hui brouillées par la publicité. Équipé d’un casque léger et d’opaques lunettes de soleil, portant un maillot bariolé, le champion cycliste est plus difficilement reconnaissable.
Des Alpes à la Fashion Week : l’odyssée de la doudoune
Authors: Boulat Régis 
Published: June 2022

Légères, confortables et adaptées au froid, les premières vestes rembourrées de duvets sont utilisées par des alpinistes européens et par des amateurs de loisirs hivernaux américains dès les années 1920. Au cours des Trente Glorieuses, dans un contexte marqué par le développement du « Grand cirque blanc », l’entreprise iséroise Moncler devient une référence incontournable parmi les fabricants de « doudounes ». Après une éclipse dans les années 1990, ce vêtement unisexe et douillet qui déjà est passé de la montagne à la ville devient une icône de mode au début des années 2000 grâce à l’industriel italien Remo Ruffini. Son marché est aujourd’hui très concurrentiel.
Repetition and prosodic matching in responding to pets’ vocalizations
Authors: Harjunpää Katariina 
Published: June 2022

Lorsqu’ils s’adressent à un animal domestique, les humains emploient certains procédés lexicaux et prosodiques récurrents mis en évidence lors de précédentes études. L’usage d’une voix aiguë et la répétition en font partie. Nous examinons ici les caractéristiques de ces formes d’adresse verbale, et leurs modes de conception récurrents, lors d’interactions authentiques. En utilisant les outils de l’analyse conversationnelle et de la linguistique interactionnelle, nous explorons les échanges vocaux entre humains et animaux de compagnie. L’analyse conduit à l’identification d’un schéma de réponse – à la fois prosodique, lexical et séquentiel – à la vocalisation d’un animal, fondé sur le recyclage ( matching ) prosodique de cette dernière et sa réduplication. En s’appuyant sur ces ressources, le locuteur produit un énoncé par lequel il répond au comportement vocal de l’animal et donne une structure séquentielle à l’ensemble. Nous montrons donc que pour interagir avec les animaux, les locuteurs utilisent des ressources prosodiques et lexicales qui leur permettent de s’exprimer par des moyens proches de ceux dont les animaux disposent pour communiquer ; ils espèrent ainsi introduire une réciprocité dans l’échange vocal. Cette étude est basée sur des enregistrements vidéo d’interactions impliquant des locuteurs de langue finnoise, portugaise du Brésil, et anglaise.
Structured Decision-Making to Rank North American Wetlands Conservation Act Proposals Within Joint Venture Regions
Authors: Krainyk Anastasia , Soulliere Gregory J. , Coluccy John M. , Wilson Barry C. , Brasher Michael G. , Al-Saffar Mohammed A. , Humburg Dale D. , Lyons James E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The North American Wetlands Conservation Act provides funding and administration for wetland management and conservation projects. The North American Wetland Conservation Fund, enabled in 1989 with the Act, provides financial resources. Resource allocation decisions are based, in part, on regional experts, particularly migratory bird Joint Ventures (JV; partnerships established under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan to help conserve the continent's waterfowl populations and habitats). The JVs evaluate funding proposals submitted within their respective regions each year and make funding recommendations to decision makers. Proposal evaluation procedures differ among JVs; however, it could be helpful to consider a transparent, repeatable, and data-driven framework for prioritization within regions. We used structured decision-making and linear additive value models for ranking proposals within JV regions. We used two JVs as case studies and constructed two different value models using JV-specific objectives and weights. The framework was developed through a collaborative process with JV staff and stakeholders. Models were written in Microsoft Excel. To test these models, we used six North American Wetlands Conservation Act proposals submitted to the Upper Mississippi/Great Lakes JV in 2016 and seven proposals submitted to the Gulf Coast JV in 2017. We compared proposal ranks assigned by the value model to ranks assigned by each JV's management board. Ranks assigned by the value model differed from ranks assigned by the board for the Upper Mississippi/Great Lakes JV, but not for the Gulf Coast JV. However, ranks from the value model could change markedly with different objective weights and value functions. The weighted linear value model was beneficial for ranking NAWCA proposals because it allows JVs to treat the ranking as a multiple objective problem and tailor the ranking to their specific regional concerns. We believe a structured decision-making approach could be adapted by JV staff to facilitate a systematic and transparent process for proposal ranking by their management boards.