bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the interaction between lifestyle habits and personality disorders
Authors: St-Amour S. , Bérubé F.-A. , Cailhol L. , Le Corff C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIndividuals with personality disorders have a decreased life expectancy when compared to the general population in particular due to physical illnesses. Many factors can be associated with those physical illnesses such as lack of physical activity and bad nutritional habits. Moreover, physical activity and nutrition (lifestyle) intervention have shown great results in decreasing symptoms and improving condition in affective and anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the relation between lifestyle, and personality disorders.ObjectivesThe purpose of this review is to regroup the available information on this topic.MethodsIn February 2021, we searched the literature using 4 databases for articles analyzing the relation between lifestyle and personality disorders. Twenty-one articles were included.ResultsIn this review, we found few studies analyzing the relation between lifestyle and personality disorders. Most studies either used lifestyle measures as control variables or did not use such variables at all. Moreover, instruments used to measure lifestyle variables lacked precision at best. Two studies demonstrated a relation between early malnutrition and further development of personality disorders, but those results may be influenced by confounding variables and cannot indicate a clear link between nutrition and personality disorder.ConclusionsFew evidences are available linking lifestyle to personality disorders in any way. This lack of evidence is surprising considering the multiple benefits individuals with personality disorders could get from it. More studies are needed to thoroughly analyze the impact of lifestyle on personality disorders and vice versa. Those studies need to use validated instruments to provide strong evidence about this relation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
PIT study: research into the Protocol Imaginary execuTion of self-injury
Authors: Van Kampen M. , Kool N. , Deen M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSelf-injury, defined as inflicting damage or pain to one’s own body, is a way to deal with unbearable emotions. Unfortunately, it can become addictive through the rewarding effect, and this makes it also really hard to stop with this destructive behavior. Currently, there is a lack of specific treatments.ObjectivesThe aim of the research is to investigate whether the “Protocol imaginary execution of self-damaging behavior” leads to a reduction of self-damaging behavior and the urge to self-damaging behavior.MethodsWe have investigated the “Protocol Imaginary execuTion of self-injury” as a potential treatment for self-injury. In this protocol the patient is asked to imagine he/she is performing the self-injury and at the same time a distracting task is offered. This ensures the working memory is double burdened as is with EMDR. We expected a reduction of patient’s self-injurious behavior. For this study, a single-case experimental design with 11 clinical patients is used, aimed to investigate whether there is a functional relationship between the treatment, the urge to self-injure and the frequency and seriousness of the self-injury. Data are analyzed with a multivariate analysis. The results of this study will contribute to expanding and improving treatment options for self-injury.ResultsAt the moment the results are not yet available, but they will be known in April 2022.ConclusionsRespondents indicate that they experience more control over self-injurious behaviour. We hope to have confirmed this in April 2022 with the analyzed data.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism of graduating medical students
Authors: Baranskaya L. , Zhuravskaya K. , Ivanova V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPerfectionism, as a multiform trait of character, plays an important role in the formation of motivation of achievements in socially significant activity. Adaptive perfectionism, together with the desire to achieve recognition in one’s professional community and insure the emotional stability. Maladaptive (neurotic) perfectionism is directed towards the achievement of excessively high (non-relevant) standards of activity, a constant anxiety, internal stress and lack of self-confidenceObjectivesTo pinpoint the types of perfectionism that graduating medical students at Medical University experience, those who, during all the years of study, showed high academic resultsMethodsForty-nine graduating medical students volunteered to take part in the study, their average mark being not lower than 4.75 (maximum was 5). Their average age was 22.41±0.75. The following scales measured the level of expressiveness of perfectionism: A.A. Zolotareva, Hewitt and Flett, I.I. GrachevaResultsThe results of the study undertaken showed two distinct groups. Students of the first group (79.6%) aimed at high internal standards in their study that would make them very well prepared professionally for their future work as doctors. They consciously accepted the common rules and norms of their society. Students of the other group (20.4%), consciously and subconsciously, estimate their high academic results as a good way of overcoming personal disturbances. They have excessive non-realistic demands towards self and othersConclusionsThe results of our study make it possible for us to suppose that medical students of the second group will experience quite a lot of difficulties in their future professional activityDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevalence of Late Onset Stress Symptomatology (LOSS) in geriatric combat veterans and its relation with dementia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Barman R. , Detweiler M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLate onset stress symptomatology (LOSS) is a relatively new concept in combat veterans, which includes repeated but not intrusive thoughts about combat-related experiences, irritability, or nightmares that do not cause impairment of daily functioning.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to identify the LOSS phenomenon in geriatric combat veterans and to establish a correlation between LOSS and cognitive deficit ± major stressors.MethodsThe electronic database was searched for the last 2 years from starting the study with the hypothesis that the LOSS phenomenon has been diagnosed with sleep, anxiety, trauma-related, or impulse control related disorders. Records were examined for trauma-related symptoms, excluding major symptoms of trauma-related stressors. The veterans were assessed objectively using LOSS, PCL-5 (PTSD checklist for DSM-5), social readjustment rating scales, and MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale) for cognitive screening.ResultsWe reviewed 1329 patient records and identified 35 potential LOSS subjects. Four veterans were diagnosed with PTSD not otherwise specified, 2 with anxiety disorder unspecified, and 1 veteran with nightmare disorder. The majority (85%) of the veterans scored >40 in PCL-5, and only one veteran fulfilled the criteria for LOSS, who scored 67 on the LOSS scale. All the veterans scored ≤25 on MOCA with a significant deficit in recent recall.ConclusionsOur study shows new onset stress-related symptoms are strongly associated with significant cognitive deficits and higher individual stress levels. The onset of PTSD symptoms in older combat veterans might have been correlated with the onset of cognitive deficits, as suggested by several other studies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted Psychotherapy For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review
Authors: Sá Couto J. , Da Luz B. , Rodrigues J. , Pão Trigo M. , Ventura Gil T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition which can be developed following traumatic experience. Treatment guidelines have long considered psychotherapy as a first line treatment. Despite that, PTSD remains an illness with high rates of comorbidity. Therefore, exploring novel therapies is of utmost importance.ObjectivesClarifying methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy efficacy in symptom relief in people with PTSD. Explaining clinical MDMA mechanism of action. Assessing safety of MDMA clinical use.MethodsPubMed database search, with “MDMA for PTSD” keyword expression. 12 Articles published in the last ten years were selected among the 112 best matches. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional articles.ResultsMithoefer et al. (2010) carried out the first controlled clinical study with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in people with PTSD. Twenty patients with treatment-resistant PTSD were selected. They were given either placebo or two or three sessions of MDMA. 83% of the experimental group no longer met the criteria for PTSD (mean remission lasted 45 months without further MDMA doses) compared with 25% of the placebo group. Further studies were also suggestive of improvements in treatment-resistant PTSD patients undergoing MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. MDMA may increase exposure therapy effectiveness, allowing patients to stay emotionally involved while revisiting past traumas without being overwhelmed by anxiety and fear.ConclusionsTo date, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy studies demonstrated consistently positive results. However, they have been carried out with small groups of individuals. Therefore, larger trials should be conducted to assess MDMA’s efficacy and safety for it to become a licensed medicine.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dealing with Posttraumatic Nightmares
Authors: Alvarez Garcia C. , Nocete Navarro L. , Sanz Giancola A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPosttraumatic nightmares are one of the most frequent symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder. Prevalence can be up to 96%. These nightmares evoke the experienced traumatic event, causing a negative impact. Besides, they are and independent risk for suicide. There are different pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for PTN, despite is no optimal treatment.ObjectivesTo analyse the different treatment options for PTN.MethodsThis was a narrative literature review.ResultsThe two main treatments for PTN nowadays are the Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) and prazosin. IRT is a cognitive-behavioral intervention, that helps the patient to change the content of the nightmare to a “happier ending”. Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist that blocks the stress response in the central nervous system receptors. Although it was a promising drug, significant differences compared to placebo have not been found. There is growing data that suggests nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, could be helpful in PTN treatment. A clinical trial made in Canada revealed that 72% of patients experienced a complete disappearance or at least an important reduction of PTN.ConclusionsPTN is a very common and distressing symptom in patients presenting PTSD. Nevertheless, there is no treatment with enough evidence for this pathology. On this account, it is fundamental to do more research in order to find and suitable treatment that can improve the quality of life of these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Gender Differences after Digital Interventions in the Golden Hours after Traumatic Events
Authors: Lahutina S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDigital technologies are used in the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is no clear evidence for effective gender-sensitive preventive measures for PTSD. Using Tetris during the golden hour after trauma can reduce intrusive memories and thus reduce the likelihood of PTSD in the future.ObjectivesUnderstand the features of gender differences after psychological interventions in patients in the acute period after a traumatic event. Video games that use visual-spatial efforts over a fixed time and frequency (Tetris) may reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD.MethodsMain inclusion criteria was an exposure to traumatic event (time from traumatic event - 0-24 hours). Respondents were assessed by PTSD symptom scale (PCL-5), peritraumatic distress scale (PDS), peritraumatic dissociative experience scale (PDES) and global functioning scale (GFS), intrusion diary (intervals: week 0, week 4, week 8, week 12).ResultsPTSD symptoms were more severe in female participants (p ≤ 0,05). Participants in the Tetris game group recorded significantly fewer intrusive memories during the first week after the traumatic event than participants in two other groups, with a mean effect size of 57 (M = 8.73 vs. M = 23.26, t (69) = 2.80, P = 0.005, d = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.18, 1, 14). After the first month of follow-up, members of the Tetris game group reported less stress from intrusive symptoms.ConclusionsTetris intervention may reduce intrusive memories of real trauma. Women had more severe PTSD symptoms. Due to the small number of samples, the study should be repeated.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An International External Validation and Revision of the PsyMetRiC Cardiometabolic Risk Prediction Algorithm for Young People with Psychosis
Authors: Perry B. , Vandenberghe F. , Osimo E.F. , Grosu C. , Piras M. , Jones P. , Mallikarjun P. , Stochl J. , Upthegrove R. , Khandaker G. , Eap C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe comorbidity between cardiometabolic and psychotic disorders develops early. This is a crucial window of opportunity to reduce excess morbidity and mortality. Recently, a cardiometabolic risk prediction algorithm for young people with psychosis, the psychosis metabolic risk calculator (PsyMetRiC) was developed and externally validated in the UK. However, its international transportability is unknown.ObjectivesWe performed the first international validation study of PsyMetRiC in Lausanne, Switzerland, and examined whether additional variables (clinical and/or genetic) may improve the predictive performance of the algorithmMethodsWe included people aged 16-35y with psychosis from the PsyMetab cohort, who did not have MetS at baseline, and who had 1-6y follow-up data. The PsyMetRiC partial (age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, and prescription of a metabolically-active antipsychotic) and full (also including high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) algorithms were applied. Predictive performance was assessed using measures of discrimination (C-statistic) and calibration (calibration plots). Recalibration steps included refitting the intercept and/or slope if necessary. Additional variables (e.g. speed of weight gain, polygenic risk scores) were added to the model and predictive performance was reassessed.ResultsWe included 545 participants. The discrimination performance of both PsyMetRiC algorithms was good (C>0.75), and calibration plots showed good agreement between observed and predicted risk. Additional analyses to be conducted.ConclusionsPsyMetRiC is likely to be generalizable for use in Switzerland, suggesting that PsyMetRiC may also be suitable for use in other European populations. While additional international validations are required, these findings are an encouraging step toward an international cardiometabolic risk prediction algorithm for young people with psychosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Precision Medicine & Pharmacogenomics: Personalized Medication in Neuropsychiatric Disorders using AI and telepsychiatry
Authors: Gkouvas N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe term “personalised therapy” refers to the use of genetic data to better treat or determine the predisposition to a specific genetic disease, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life. Telepsychiatry and AI are key to support it..ObjectivesDetermine benefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases regarding: - cost effectiveness - adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalizations -drug interactions - efficacy - quality of life - “trial and error” approach avoidanceMethodsQuestionnaires before and after the treatment provided using PGX tests Telepsychiatry for consultation along face to face sessions were conducted. Artificial intelligence in data analysesResultsBenefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases: - cost effective savings - prediction and prevention of adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalization due to ineffectiveness of medication - reduced risk of drug interactions - more effective treatments - better quality of life for the patient - with the analysis (PGx) the “trial and error” approach is avoidedConclusionsIn a number of studies in patients with mental disorders, pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) has led to an increase in both clinical response and remission, better tolerated treatments, fewer side effects, and reduced treatment costs. In conclusion, pharmacogenomic analysis is ideal for patients with CNS diseases: a) Not responding to treatment b) Who in their history have many relapses and hospitalizations c) They show serious side effects d) Who do not comply with the treatment e) Taking many medications and suffering from serious illnesses f
) Who are wary of taking psychotropic drugsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Does my lifestyle explain my depression? The role of exercise, diet and smoking in the prevention of depression
Authors: Gomes R. , Santos C. , Descalço N. , Moutinho F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression as a public health concern highlights the importance of prevention. The nature of the disease is complex, linked to numerous biopsychosocial factors. However, it was found that healthiest lifestyle reduced 67% the risk of depressive symptoms.ObjectivesTo review evidence on how exercise, diet, and smoking impact on the risk of depression.MethodsNon-systematic review of literature through search on PubMed/MEDLINE following the terms “Lifestyles”,“risk” and “depression”.ResultsSeveral studies have shown that exercise reduces the incidence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder regardless of intensity, geographic region, age, gender, or follow-up period. Smoking significantly increases the risk of depression, including the ones exposed to second-hand smoking and pregnant women in which prenatal smoking was associated with a three-fold increased risk of postpartum depression. The Mediterranean diet rich in complex carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins and several amino acids have shown a negative association with the incidence of depression. A high frequency of breakfast consumption, an increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and some specific nutrients (zinc, iron, magnesium, vitamins, and folate) was also inversely correlated with prevalence of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, western dietary patterns, with sweetened beverages, processed food, and foods rich in saturated fatty acids, have been linked to an increased risk. Skipping meals and snacking on unhealthy food also contributes to depressive symptoms.ConclusionsRelatively modest changes in population diet, tobacco consumption and levels of exercise may have important public mental health benefits preventing a substantial number of new cases of depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
E-tool for mental health prevention: a study of the receptivity and engagement in a large-scale group of subjects
Authors: Maçorano R. , Canais F. , Ferreira H. , Parreira M. , Ribas M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDue to the Covid-19 effects, mental health conditions are now, more than ever, affecting our daily lives - both personally and professionally. The average delay between the onset of first symptoms of a mental health disorder and seeking suitable healthcare is 11 years. The WHO states that the only sustainable way to reduce mental healthcare burden is by acting earlier.ObjectivesThe aim of this project is to assess the receptivity and engagement of a mobile app for mental health prevention, amongst a large-scale and heterogeneous group of individuals. The main hypothesis under testing is that people are receptive to actively act towards mental health prevention, despite still being a very neglected and stigmatized topic.MethodsA mobile app for mental health improvement and disease prevention was developed through the digitalization of positive psychology strategies, such as mood tracking, journaling, breathing exercises, among others, which are personalized to the user through biofeedback. The app aims at teaching people how to autonomously cope with mental health conditions, identifying early signs and redirecting them to proper mental health professionals. The app is being released for a population of 35,000 subjects resident in Portugal.ResultsReceptivity and engagement metrics will be assessed on a weekly and monthly basis, for 3 months, segmented by different subject profiles. Mental health metrics will also be assessed, namely anxiety, depression, and burnout levels - using standard psychiatric scales.ConclusionsWe have yet to draw conclusions from the project; however, we aim to achieve first results in due time.DisclosureThe aim of this research is to assess the receptivity of mental health prevention strategies using technology, namely a mobile app provided by a company.
Proactive approach to recreation and efficiency of recovery in flexible work arrangements
Authors: Kuznetsova A. , Luzyanina M. , Titova M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFlexible work arrangements promote not only acceptable and convenient work modes; for many professionals flexible work leads to increase in workload and in working time (Rubery et al., 2016; Thompson et al., 2015). As the result, lack of recreation time could be named as a direct consequence of high workload (Pang, 2017). The key problem is the investigation of attitudes towards recreation and recovery: are professionals more reactive or proactive in their recreation planning, and do they recover well?ObjectivesThe aim of the research: to reveal (1) typical types of recreation planning for professionals with high level of work flexibility and (2) recovery efficiency level.MethodsThe research was conducted in representatives of various professions, who work in flexible work arrangements (n=378). The diagnostic set included inventories for assessment of recreation planning type (Luzyanina, Kuznetsova, 2014) and recovery efficiency (Leonova, 2019).ResultsTwo types of recreation planning have been found: proactive (26% of respondents) and reactive (74%). For the reactive approach lack of targeted strategies of recreation planning has been found. Proactive approach is characterized by tracking signs of resources decrease and advance planning of work breaks. There are differences in recovery efficiency (p<0,001) in proactive and reactive professionals: non-efficient recovery is typical for the majority of professionals with the reactive type to recreation planning.ConclusionsThe detailed analysis of proactive/reactive approaches manifestations and peculiarities of recreation planning could help to predict not only the recovery level, but the mechanisms of advanced self-regulation, adequate to high work flexibility.DisclosureNo significant relationships.