bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Scale-Dependent Background-Error Covariance Localization in the Canadian Global Deterministic Prediction System
Authors: Caron Jean-François , Buehner Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The approach of applying different amounts of horizontal localization to different ranges of background-error covariance horizontal scales as proposed by Buehner and Shlyaeva was recently implemented in the four-dimensional ensemble–variational (4DEnVar) data assimilation scheme of the global deterministic prediction system (GDPS) at Environment and Climate Change Canada operations. To maximize the benefits from this approach to reduce the sampling noise in the ensemble-derived background-error covariances, it was necessary to adopt a new weighting between the climatological and flow-dependent covariances that increases significantly the role of the latter. Thus, in December 2021 the GDPS became the first operational global deterministic medium-range weather forecasting system to rely completely on flow-dependent covariances in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The experiments that led to the adoption of these two related changes and their impacts on the forecasts up to 7 days for various regions of the globe during the boreal summer of 2019 and winter of 2020 are presented here. It is also illustrated that relying more on ensemble-derived covariances amplifies the positive impacts on the GDPS when the background ensemble generation strategy is improved.
Impacts of Assimilating Additional Reconnaissance Data on Operational GFS Tropical Cyclone Forecasts
Authors: Sippel Jason A. , Wu Xingren , Ditchek Sarah D. , Tallapragada Vijay , Kleist Daryl T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study reviews the recent addition of dropwindsonde wind data near the tropical cyclone (TC) center as well as the first-time addition of high-density, flight-level reconnaissance observations (HDOBs) into the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The main finding is that the additional data have profound positive impacts on subsequent TC track forecasts. For TCs in the North Atlantic (NATL) basin, statistically significant improvements in track extend through 4–5 days during reconnaissance periods. Further assessment suggests that greater improvements might also be expected at days 6–7. This study also explores the importance of comprehensively assessing data impact. For example, model or data assimilation changes can affect the so-called “early” and “late” versions of the forecast very differently. It is also important to explore different ways to describe the error statistics. In several instances the impacts of the additional data strongly differ depending on whether one examines the mean or median errors. The results demonstrate the tremendous potential for further improving TC forecasts. The data added here were already operationally transmitted and assimilated by other systems at NCEP, and many further improvements likely await with improved use of these and other reconnaissance observations. This demonstrates the need of not only investing in data assimilation improvements, but also enhancements to observational systems in order to reach next-generation hurricane forecasting goals.

Significance Statement
This study demonstrates that data gathered from reconnaissance missions into tropical cyclones substantially improves tropical cyclone track forecasts.
Planning and Executing Aiming Movements in Middle Childhood
Authors: de Oliveira Danielle S. V. , Alouche Sandra R. , de Freitas Sandra M. S. F. , Oba Gabriela H. , Giangiardi Vivian F. , de Sá Cristina dos Santos C. 
Published: July 2022

Harmonious voluntary movements require efficiency in their planning and execution. Throughout middle childhood structural changes in the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems influence these processes and resultant motor behavior. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of the motor planning and executing of aiming movements directed at targets located in different positions in space in children aged 7, 9, and 11 years. We divided 43 right-handed children, into three age groups and instructed them to perform aiming movements directed at targets using a stylus on a digital tablet. The children performed the movement with their dominant upper limbs from a starting point towards targets positioned ipsilaterally or contralaterally to this dominant limb. We analyzed temporal and spatial variables of motor performance. Younger (7-year-old) children made more errors in the initial movement direction and more frequently corrected their movements during task execution when compared to 9- and 11-year-old children who did not differ from each other. All age groups were similar in movement accuracy and precision. Movements toward contralateral targets were slower and more accurate than movements toward ipsilateral targets for all groups. These results show that performing aiming movements develop with the onset of middle childhood.
Emotional Geographies of Exclusion: Whiteness and Ability in Teacher Education Research
Authors: Beneke Margaret R. , Siuty Molly Baustien , Handy Tamara 
Published: July 2022

Context: Geographies of exclusion (e.g., segregated special education classrooms, school district zoning) are constituted through intersecting oppressive ideologies (e.g., ableism, racism, classism) that co-naturalize notions of “normalcy” and deviance and yield harmful consequences for disabled children of Color. Geographies of exclusion dynamically contribute to and constitute teacher candidates’ feelings about themselves and their social worlds. White teacher candidates’ investment in dominant racial ideologies is well-documented, and recent scholarship has interrogated the role of white emotionality in these processes. However, the extent to which white teacher candidates emotionally ascribe to oppressive constructions of ability have been underexamined. Focus of Study: We sought to uncover how white teacher candidates (TCs) used emotional practices to position themselves in relation to ability within geographies of exclusion as they narrated their educational journeys. Such an examination is necessary to upend ongoing constructions of racial-ability hierarchies in and through teacher education. Using disability critical race theory and emotional geographies, our study was guided by the following question: How do white, nondisabled TCs engage in emotional practices in relation to geographies of exclusion? Research Design: This critical narrative study took place in two teacher education programs in the Pacific Northwest with 42 white, nondisabled teacher candidates. We drew on qualitative mapping as a method for participants to tell stories about themselves and their relationships to places and people over time. All participants generated narratives through written reflections after creating their maps, clarifying aspects of their maps and providing details not captured in their visual representations. Data sources included 42 written narratives and 36 qualitative maps. We analyzed emotional dimensions of TCs’ written narratives and qualitative maps through multiple rounds of both deductive and inductive coding. Conclusions/Recommendations: Our analysis revealed ways white TCs weaponized emotionality to uphold racial-ability hierarchies through emotional geographies of gratitude, ambivalence, and claims to care. By sentimentalizing multiply-marginalized children’s suffering, TCs preserved a façade of being committed to educational justice. We conclude with suggestions for educational researchers, emphasizing that research with white teachers cannot ignore emotional practices that perpetuate harm for multiply-marginalized children. Instead, researchers must surface these engagements head-on, using DisCrit as a driver in teacher education research toward intersectional justice.
Application value of biopsy through the upper pole of transplanted kidney under the guidance of ultrasound cardiac probe
Authors: Tang Kui , Xu Yan , Fu Xiao , Liu Minghui , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the value of needle biopsy of the upper pole of the transplanted kidney guided by the ultrasound cardiac probe. Methods: The success rates of biopsy at the upper pole of the transplanted kidney under the guidance of cardiac, abdominal and superficial probes were compared in 540 patients with impaired renal function after renal transplantation. The guidance was completed by an experienced sonographer and the puncture success rate was calculated. Pathologists make the diagnosis and count the success rate of diagnosis and the incidence of complications. Results: The success rates of puncture of the transplanted kidney under the guidance of the cardiac, abdomen and superficial probe were 100%, 85%,and 73%, respectively, the success rates of pathological diagnosis were 92.68%, 88.9%,and 80.7%, and the incidence of hematoma was 23.2%, 25.3%, respectively, 21.9%, and the pathological diagnosis was mainly acute and chronic rejection. Conclusion: The cardiac probe can clearly guide the puncture through the upper pole of the transplanted kidney, with high guidance success rate and good pathological tissue satisfaction and fewer complications. It is an effective guidance method after renal transplantation.
Comparison of the somatic mutations between circulating tumor DNA and tissue DNA in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Meng , Feng Yi , Qu Changda , Meng Meizhu , Li Wenmei , Ye Meiying , Li Sisi , Li Shaolei , Ma Yuanyuan , Wu Nan , Jia Shuqin 
Published: July 2022

Background Non-invasive liquid biopsies of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a rapidly growing field in the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, factors affecting the concordance of mutations in paired plasma and tissue and the detection rate of ctDNA in real-world Chinese patients with NSCLC were identified. Methods Peripheral blood and paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 125 NSCLC patients were collected and analyzed by sequencing 15 genes. Serological biomarkers were tested by immunoassay. Results The overall concordance between tumor and plasma samples and the detection rate of somatic mutations in ctDNA was 69.2% and 78.4%, respectively. The concordance and detection rate raised with clinical stage were stage I: 14.3%, 14.3%; stage II: 53.3%, 60.0%; stage III: 71.4%, 78.1%; stage IV: 74.1%, 85.2%. With increased tumor diameter, the concordance and detection rate raised from 33.33% to 71.64% and 33.33% to 80.8%, respectively. For patients with partial response, stable disease, progressive disease, and who were treatment-naïve, the concordance and detection rates were 0.0%, 62.7%, 75.2, 73.6%, and 16.7%, 61.9%, 83.3%, 86.5%, respectively. Serological markers: CEA, CA125, NSE, and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher for patients with detectable somatic alterations in ctDNA than in those who were ctDNA negative (17.08 ng/mL vs. 3.95 ng/mL, 21.63 U/mL vs. 18.27 U/mL, 17.68 U/mL vs. 14.14 U/mL, and 6.55 U/mL vs. 3.81 U/mL, respectively). Conclusion Advanced-stage, treatment naïve or poor therapy outcome, and large tumor size were associated with a high concordance and detection rate. Patients with detectable mutations in ctDNA had a higher level of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, NSE, and CYFRA21-1.
Effects of pre-osteogenic differentiation on the bone regeneration potentiality of marrow mesenchymal stem cells/poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate hydrogel using a rat cranial defect model
Authors: Xu Fei , Tan Fei , Zheng Ziran , Zhou Xiongwen 
Published: July 2022

Transplanting cell/hydrogel constructs into a bone defect site is an effective strategy to repair the damaged tissues. However, before transplantation, there are various methods to culture cell/hydrogel constructs. Especially, the preferred pre-osteogenic differentiation period to achieve satisfied bone regeneration should be determined. To this end, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were firstly photo-encapsulated into poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel. Then the constructs were implanted in rat calvarial defects after being osteogenically induced for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the proliferation of BMSCs in the hydrogels deceased significantly from 0 day to 7 days. The activity and the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, besides the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 peaked at day 14, whereas the gene expression of osteocalcin and the formation of calcium nodules increased with the prolongation of differentiation time. In vivo results showed that limited areas of newly formed bone were found in the day0 and day21 groups. In the day7 group, obvious new bone with bone marrow space was found, while the day14 group nearly achieved complete bone healing. Our data suggested that the period of in vitro pre-osteogenic differentiation played a crucial role for the osteogenesis of BMSCs/PEGDA hydrogels. Furthermore, we found that a pre-differentiation for 14 days is preferable for bone regeneration in the rat cranial defects.
Age-based comparison of vascular access outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis population
Authors: Einbinder Yael , Rozenberg Ilan , Benchetrit Sydney , Raigorodetsky Michael , Cohen-Hagai Keren 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The hemodialysis population is aging, worldwide. In Israel, more than half of the dialysis population is older than 68 years. The policy for vascular access among this population is still a matter of debate, with several studies demonstrating conflicting results. This study compared vascular access outcomes across age groups (<65, 65–75, >75 years) in a single hemodialysis center in Israel. Methods: This was a retrospective, single center analysis of all vascular accesses created in adult hemodialysis patients in our institution, from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2012. Patient characteristics, primary and secondary access failure, and complications were collected from electronic medical records. Follow-up was until death or up to 5 years. Results: A total of 612 vascular accesses created among maintenance hemodialysis patients were included, of which 196 were in patients >75 years, 184 in patients 65–75 years, and 232 in patients <65 years. Mean age of the >75 years group was 80.5 ± 4.3 years and 60.7% were men. Vascular access site was the most important predicator for primary access failure (odds ratio for primary failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula was 3.5 (95% CI 2.1–6), whereas age did not affect the primary failure rate (odds ratio 1.5, p = 0.648). Radiocephalic fistulas were more prone to secondary failure than other vascular access sites were. Complications were slightly more common in the oldest group. Eight percent of the patients >75 years died before access was used. Conclusions: In our cohort, age did not affect vascular outcomes, whereas VA site seemed to be the most important parameter in primary and secondary VA failures. Our results support considering VA on an individual basis and supply valuable information regarding complication and failure rates of VA among patients >75 years.
‘The key to this is not so much the technology. It’s the individual who is using the technology’: Perspectives on telehealth delivery for autistic adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ali Dorota , O’Brien Sarah , Hull Laura , Kenny Lorcan , Mandy Will 
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a large-scale move to remote delivery of healthcare services. However, little research has directly explored telehealth experiences of autistic adults, a population strongly affected by health inequalities and care access barriers. This study sought telehealth experiences of 11 autistic adults (aged 27–67 years), seven family members/carers (aged 44–75) reporting about autistic people and six service providers. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with all participants, which were then thematically analysed. Two over-arching themes identified were technology aids communication and access – except when it doesn’t, and in/flexibility, with a number of sub-themes. The themes, on one hand, highlighted positives of telehealth delivery, including easing some aspects of communication and decreased stress and, on the other hand, negatives, such as increased rigidity of the healthcare system, amplifying pre-existing barriers. Considering autistic people experience barriers to accessing healthcare, this study highlights such barriers could be, in some instances, addressed via remote delivery, as well as possible limitations of telehealth for some autistic adults. Lay abstract The COVID-19 pandemic meant that a lot of healthcare services had to move online, such as to video-calls, or to telephone. However, not many studies have looked at how autistic adults feel about this kind of service delivery. It is important to know this, as autistic people may have poorer health than non-autistic people, and they may also struggle to access services more than non-autistic people. This study asked 11 autistic adults (aged 27–67 years), seven family members/carers (aged 44–75) reporting about autistic adults and six service providers about their experiences of accessing or providing a telehealth service. These experiences were collected through interviews, which were then analysed through thematic analysis. Two main themes were: technology aids communication and access – except when it doesn’t, and in/flexibility. The themes pointed out some positive aspects of telehealth delivery, including improved communication and decreased stress. The themes also pointed out negative aspects of telehealth, such as increased rigidity of the healthcare system, amplifying pre-existing barriers. Because autistic people have many barriers to accessing healthcare, this study encourages researchers and healthcare providers to think about how such barriers could be addressed through telehealth, and about the possible limitations of telehealth for some autistic people.
The association among neighborhood mutual support, well-being, and social work
Authors: Yang Hualei , Zhang Wenchao , Wu Yuanyang , Yao Yidan , Su Mohan 
Published: July 2022

Summary With the increase in urbanization in China, people's neighborhood has an important influence on their well-being. This study aims to explore the impact of neighborhood mutual support on well-being from the perspective of social work. A total of 13,486 samples from the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey were utilized. The data were analyzed by the ordered logit model and propensity score matching while controlling for individual, family, and socioeconomic features. Findings (1) The more the neighborhood mutual support, the higher individuals' degree of well-being; this conclusion is robust. 2) Neighborhood mutual support has a larger improvement effect on the well-being of groups with low social status. (3) Neighborhood mutual support improves well-being through two mechanisms: it can grow an individual's support network, helping them obtain more material support, and it enhances individuals' integration into society, improving their well-being through increased feelings of community security. (4) The influence of neighborhood mutual support is weakened when a community has formal social support (full-time social workers) because individuals can resolve their problems through formal social support, reducing their reliance on neighbors. Applications Based on the perspective of community development, understanding the influence of neighborhood mutual support on well-being is important. Social workers should adopt different intervention approaches according to characteristics of different groups to improve residents' level of neighborhood mutual support. Moreover, to promote community development, the government should consider arranging social work for less-developed communities.
Simultaneous Individual Complicated Grief Treatment With a Couple
Authors: Kalakovic Sanela , Katte Kyra , Smith Brooke M. , Gaynor Scott T. 
Published: July 2022

Persistent complex bereavement/complicated grief occurs when, after a period of 12 months following a death, there remains an ongoing intense yearning and sorrow for the deceased, preoccupation with the death and its circumstances, difficulty accepting its reality, and disruption in personal identity. This case study illustrates the successful application of Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT), a manualized research-supported intervention, with a husband and wife each receiving individual therapy simultaneously with separate clinicians. The core of CGT involves graded completion of imaginal and situational revisiting (i.e., exposure) exercises. To target maladaptive rumination and counterfactual thinking more explicitly, strategies from a research-based treatment for trauma, Cognitive Processing Therapy, were also incorporated for one member of the couple. To our knowledge, CGT has not been examined with couples receiving individual therapy delivered simultaneously. As such, practitioners have little information about how to proceed with cases where multiple members of the same family are experiencing complicated grief. We will detail the treatment provided, outlining the course of care for each member of the couple, highlighting unique adjustments made to tailor implementation to each individual and to deliver the intervention simultaneously. Quantitative and qualitative data show the effects of treatment on symptoms of complicated grief, depression, and relationship satisfaction.
Safety evaluation of antibacterial and analgesic autoinjector devices for rapid administration during emergency situations: a crossover study in rabbits
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan , Senthilkumar Sivanesan , Roy Anitha , Sheela Durairajan , Geetha Royapuram Veeraragavan , Magesh Anitha 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of autoinjector devices (AIDs) in rabbits by intramuscular (i.m.) administration, using haematological and biochemical markers. Introduction: Emergency and mass casualty situations require immediate drug delivery for which AIDs are preferred. The tolerability of amikacin as antibacterial and buprenorphine as analgesic AID has been studied in rats by intraperitoneal administration. In the present study, it was evaluated in rabbits by i.m. administration. Methods: Water-filled glass cartridges (2.3–2.4 mL) were converted to amikacin (106 mg/mL) and buprenorphine (0.128 mg/mL) cartridges. Dual dose AID was used for i.m. administration (1.2 mL). The study was done as a crossover design on 12 rabbits. Initially, three rabbits each were given manually or AID, 57 mg/kg amikacin, and three rabbits each by manual or by AID, 0.07 mg/kg buprenorphine for 7 days. After 1 month, the injections were changed in the rabbits. In the place of manual injection, AID and in the place of amikacin, buprenorphine injection was given. This ensured that all rabbits received 14 injections, 7 manual and 7 AID consisting of 7 amikacin and 7 buprenorphine. 24 h before and 24 h after last drug administrations, blood was withdrawn from ear vein for haematological and biochemical estimations. Results: The rabbits were healthy, active and no sign of any injection-related changes were observed after administration of amikacin and buprenorphine by manually or by AID. The haematological and biochemical parameters showed similar changes in manual and AID administration of amikacin and buprenorphine. Conclusion: The present study of amikacin and buprenorphine by AID shows the safety of the device and is recommended for further experimentation. These AIDs are intended for self-administration during emergency and mass causality situation and are suitable for adults and children, as well as farm and pet animals.