bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid elimination of copper (II), nickel (II) and chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions by charcoal modified with phosphoric acid used as a green biosorbent
Authors: El Mansouri Fouad , El Farissi Hammadi , Cacciola Francesco , Talhaoui Abdelmonaem , El Bachiri Ali , Tahani Abdesselam , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Brigui Jamal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActivated carbon modified by phosphoric acid noted CAa was successfully used as a new low‐cost adsorbent for removing Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cr6+ metal ions from artificially contaminated aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed in batches for adsorption kinetics and isotherms. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations as well as a nitrogen adsorption–desorption BET surface area measurement showed the formation of mesoporous CAa with an average pore size of 3.1 nm and a surface area of ABET = 678.74 m2 g−1. The adsorption data for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cr6+ fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorbed amount of 238.10 mg g−1 for Cu(II), 80.64 mg g−1 for Ni(II) and 125 mg g−1 of Cr(VI) with the maximal amount measured by N2 adsorption of 231.5337 cm3 g−1 STP. The experimental variables studied were pH, temperature, amount of biomass and initial ion concentration. Maximum biosorption was observed for pH = 2. The adsorption capacity seems to be optimized by increasing the temperature, the amount of biosorbent and the initial concentration. Isotherm adsorptions are in agreement with Langmuir models. The calculated changes in adsorption free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) confirm that the present adsorption process is a favorable, endothermic and spontaneous phenomenon.
The effect of axillary crutch length on upper limb kinematics during swing‐through gait
Authors: Kuntze Gregor , Russell Monica , Jivan Shaine , Ronsky Janet Lenore , Manocha Ranita Harpreet Kaur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAxillary crutches are commonly used in rehabilitation. Inappropriately fit crutches may result in upper limb pain or injury.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of axillary crutch length on upper limb kinematics to better understand potential injury mechanisms. It was hypothesized that crutches that were longer or shorter than standard‐fit crutches would alter upper limb kinematics.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingGait laboratory.ParticipantsFifteen healthy males with no prior crutch experience.InterventionsParticipants were fit with axillary crutches using standardized methods, as well as with crutches that were 5 cm longer and 5 cm shorter. Participants performed swing‐through gait (1.20 ± 0.07 ms−1) with all crutch lengths in randomized order. Kinematics were recorded using an optical motion‐tracking system and joint angles for the scapula, shoulder, elbow, and wrist were computed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe effects of crutch length on joint range of motion (ROM) and joint angles at initial crutch contact were analyzed using multivariate analysis (Hotelling's T2; α = .025) and simultaneous confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe long‐standard crutch fit comparison showed effects across all joints (ROM p = .009; initial contact p < .001). Longer crutches resulted in greater scapular upward rotation (mean difference [95% CI] ROM: 1.0 [−0.2 to 2.2]; initial contact: −2.7 [−4.4, −1.1]) and shoulder abduction (ROM: 0.8 [−0.1 to 1.8]; initial contact: −1.9 [−4.1 to 0.3]). Crutch length also had effects across all joints for the short‐standard fit comparison (ROM p = .004; initial contact p = .016). Shorter crutches resulted in greater scapula downward rotation (2.2 [−0.4 to 4.8]) and greater shoulder adduction (2.5 [−0.6 to 5.6]) at initial contact. Shorter crutches also reduced shoulder flexion/extension ROM (−2.5 [−4.4 to −0.6]).ConclusionsAltered crutch length results in scapular and shoulder kinematic deviations that may present risk factors for upper limb injury with crutch‐walking. This may underline the importance of appropriate device fitting to reduce injury risk in crutch users.
Synthesis and mechanochemical properties of biobased ABCBA‐type pentablock copolymers comprising poly‐d‐lactide (A), poly‐l‐lactide (B) and poly(1,2‐propylene succinate) (C)
Authors: Nishiwaki Yasumasa , Masutani Kazunari , Kimura Yoshiharu , Lee Chan‐Woo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ABCBA pentablock copolymers (p‐d‐l‐PPS) comprising poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA: A), poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA: B) and poly(propylene succinate) (PPS: C) were successfully synthesized by two‐step ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of d‐ and l‐lactide using a dihydroxy‐terminated PPS as a macro‐initiator. The pentablock copolymers revealed the high stereocomplex (sc) crystallinity, thermal stability and elastomeric property in their solution‐cast films. It was found that the Tg was found to be proportional to the PPS content, whereas the Tm was proportional to their average block length. The thermal resistivity of the copolymer films was found to be as high as 202°C owing to their sc formation. The copolymers also showed improved stereocomplexibility compared to the enantiomeric mixtures of triblock copolymers (PLLA‐PPS‐PLLA and PDLA‐PPS‐PDLA) having similar PLLA and PDLA chain lengths. These pentablock copolymers can afford thermoplastic elastomers or flexible plastic materials having a 100% bio‐based content, showing high heat‐resistive property.
Characterization of the Internal Pores of LLM‐105 with Different Particle Sizes Using Contrast Variation Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Xing Jiangtao , Wang Weili , Dong Jun , Yao Tianle , Miao Run , Du Maohua , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo study the effect of particle size on the internal pore structure of micro/nano energetic materials, three kinds of micro/nano explosives 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) with different particle sizes were selected as the research objects. The internal pore structure information, including porosity, pore volume distribution and fractal characteristics of micro/nano LLM‐105 were characterized by contrast variation small‐angle X‐ray scattering (CV‐SAXS). The scattering results show that the power‐law index of three samples with different particle sizes is between 3 and 4 in the measured q range (the surface fractal dimension Ds of 200 nm LLM‐105 is 2.16, Ds of 500 nm LLM‐105 is 2.20, and Ds of 3 μm LLM‐105 is 2.76). With the decrease of particle size, the interface between the internal pores and matrix becomes smooth. The pore volume per unit mass of LLM‐105 increases with the decrease of the particle size. The increase of pore volume per unit mass when the particle size decreases from 3 μm to 500 nm is much larger than that when the particle size decreases from 500 nm to 200 nm. The number of 2.5 nm–40 nm internal pores in LLM‐105 increases with the decrease of particle size. Especially for the pores of 11 nm, the number of pores increases most obviously with the decrease of particle size.
PLK4 is upregulated in prostate cancer and its inhibition reduces centrosome amplification and causes senescence
Authors: Singh Chandra K. , Denu Ryan A. , Nihal Minakshi , Shabbir Maria , Garvey Debra R. , Huang Wei , Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Ahmad Nihal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of novel molecular target(s) is important for designing newer mechanistically driven approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in men. In this study, we determined the role of polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4), which regulates centriole duplication and centrosome amplification (CA), in PCa.Materials and MethodsEmploying human PCa tissue microarrays, we assessed the prevalence of CA, correlated with Gleason score, and estimated major causes of CA in PCa (cell doubling vs. centriole overduplication) by staining for mother/mature centrioles. We also assessed PLK4 expression and correlated it with CA in human PCa tissues and cell lines. Further, we determined the effects of PLK4 inhibition in human PCa cells.ResultsCompared to benign prostate, human PCa demonstrated significantly higher CA, which was also positively correlated with the Gleason score. Further, most cases of CA were found to arise by centriole overduplication rather than cell doubling events (e.g., cytokinesis failure) in PCa. In addition, PLK4 was overexpressed in human PCa cell lines and tumors. Moreover, PLK4 inhibitors CFI‐400945 and centrinone‐B inhibited cell growth, viability, and colony formation of both androgen‐responsive and androgen‐independent PCa cell lines. PLK4 inhibition also induced cell cycle arrest and senescence in human PCa cells.ConclusionsCA is prevalent in PCa and arises predominantly by centriole overduplication as opposed to cell doubling events. Loss of centrioles is cellular stress that can promote senescence and suggests that PLK4 inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy in PCa.
Parametrizing the mesoscale enhancement of oceanic surface turbulent fluxes: A physical–statistical approach
Authors: Blein Sébastien , Roehrig Romain , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mesoscale enhancement of surface turbulent fluxes at the air–sea interface is driven by the mesoscale surface wind‐speed variability, especially the gustiness velocity and the mesoscale wind‐speed standard variation. This study proposes a parametrization of these two variables. A large dataset based on the operational 2.5‐km AROME convection‐permitting model is used in a coarse‐graining framework, to quantify various quantities that are subgrid at the scale of a 100‐km resolution global circulation model grid cell. This provides a learning dataset to help build the parametrization. The analysis of two case studies of intense wind‐speed mesoscale variability, combined with a literature review, provides a physically based set of 12 potential predictors, accounting for the convection activity and the large‐scale dynamics. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator then frames a penalized multivariate linear regression approach to identify the most relevant predictors objectively. Five predictors are selected for predicting the gustiness velocity: the updraft mass flux at the lifting condensation level, the density‐current spreading velocity, the large‐scale horizontal shear and divergence, and the large‐scale wind speed. The parametrization of the mesoscale wind‐speed standard deviation requires an additional predictor, namely the cold‐pool object aggregation index. The proposed parametrization performs significantly better than the previously published parametrizations and is able to capture 80, 99, and 93 of the mesoscale enhancement of the momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes, respectively. From the perspective of a global circulation model implementation, in which some predictors may be unavailable, simpler versions of the parametrization, that is, involving fewer predictors, are also discussed.
Consensus control of cooperation‐competition multi‐agent systems with round‐robin protocols: A set‐membership approach
Authors: Sun Lei , Tian Xin , Ding Derui , Wei Guoliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the set‐membership consensus of cooperation‐competition multi‐agent systems (CCMASs) with the round‐robin (RR) protocol. First, the relationship between cooperative and competitive agents is featured by the graph theory. Second, the RR protocol is used to relieve the burden of data transmission among agents due to the limited network bandwidth. Third, a novel concept of set‐membership consensus for CCMASs is presented to disclose the bound of consensus errors. In the framework of set‐membership filtering, a novel co‐design framework of set‐membership estimation and set‐membership consensus is provided to realize the desired cooperation‐competition consensus, where an ellipsoid is obtained to estimate the agent state. The controller and observer gains as well as the ellipsoid parameters are obtained by a recursive convex optimization algorithm. Finally, an illustrated example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Head start teachers act their way into new ways of thinking: Science and engineering practices in preschool classrooms
Authors: McWayne Christine M. , Zan Betty , Ochoa Wendy , Greenfield Daryl , Mistry Jayanthi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow teachers' changes in their science teaching practices unfold over time remains unclear. We need greater understanding of the processes at work in professional development (PD) and how to sustain those processes that are effective over time. Effective PD processes are seen as those that recognize teacher change is multidimensional—taking an integrated view of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of teacher change. In this article, we report on what we learned about the teacher change process during a 2‐year preschool PD intervention effort with Head Start teachers that was focused on a science, technology, and engineering curriculum. The present study sought to further address gaps in our understanding of teacher change, by examining in more detail the multidimensional relations among Head Start teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward science teaching and learning (representing the cognitive domain of change) and their science and engineering practices (representing the behavioral domain). Forty‐eight teachers (n = 30 Intervention, n = 18 Control) from a large urban Head Start program in the northeastern US participated in this study. Results revealed that teachers' initial attitudes and beliefs had little effect on their science and engineering practices, whereas their science and engineering practices throughout the time of the project had a significant effect on their later attitudes and beliefs. In addition, teachers' science and engineering teaching practices were related to their ratings of children's overall engagement, though their attitudes toward and beliefs about teaching science were not.
Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Oil through Decarboxylation by Using Red Mud as Neutralizing Agent for Ketones Production and Iron Recovery
Authors: Wang Yongshuai , Cui Hongyou , Song Feng , Tan Hongzi , Yi Weiming , Zhang Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, Red Mud, an alkaline solid waste from alumina production, was used as neutralizing agent to convert carboxylic acids in bio‐oil into ketones. The total acidity of the bio‐oil decreased significantly from 152.60 to 0.63 mg KOH/g, while the high heat value boosted from 17.25 to 29.57 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, the leachable alkalinity of Red Mud declined from 65.34 to 3.02 mg HCl/g, mitigating the harmfulness and perniciousness to the environment. Furthermore, characterizations of XRD, XPS and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that the weak magnetic iron species in Red Mud was completely transformed into stronger magnetic Fe3O4. With magnetic separation the iron recovery reached up to 91.96 % with iron grade of 65.83 %, which is up to the standard of steelmaking raw material. The findings in this research not only open avenue for valorization of bio‐oil but also help explore the resourceful utilization of Red Mud.
Within‐ and between‐person relationships between spontaneous self‐affirmations, coping style, and wellbeing
Authors: Sharouni Taylor‐Jane , McClymont Rachel G. , Alcorn Christopher , Rebar Amanda L. , Law Kwok Hong , Jackson Ben , Caltabiano Nerina , Dimmock James A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐affirmations—responding to self‐threatening information by reflecting on positive values or strengths—help to realign working self‐concept and may support adaptive coping and wellbeing. Little research has been undertaken on spontaneous self‐affirmations in response to everyday threats, and less has been undertaken on the relationships between spontaneous self‐affirmations, coping, and wellbeing. This study aimed to test both within‐ and between‐person relationships between spontaneous self‐affirmations, coping, and wellbeing, controlling for threat intensity and other outcomes. A repeated survey assessment design was adopted to achieve these aims. Outcome measures included approach coping, avoidance coping, positive affect, negative affect, and eudaimonic wellbeing. It was found that spontaneous self‐affirmations positively predicted approach coping and positive affect at both within‐ and between‐person levels, and eudaimonic wellbeing at the between‐person level. Overall, spontaneous self‐affirmations were positively associated with approach coping and aspects of wellbeing.
Toward a New Era of Sustainable Energy: Advanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting High Entropy Energy
Authors: Chen Baodong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWidely distributed across the environment, irregular micro‐nano mechanical high entropy energy (HEE) is a new promising recoverable energy, in which the development of matched harvesting technology is imperative to fit in with the requirements of booming sustainable energy in the new era. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a very efficient technology for harvesting micro‐nano HEE, especially when converting irregular, low‐frequency, weak mechanical energy into electricity. Here, the latest advancements are comprehensively reviewed in using TENGs for sustainable energy, sensing, and other applications. The fundamental theory and overwhelming superiority of TENG is systematically analyzed as a sustainable energy with four representative domains: micro‐nano distributed power sources, self‐powered sensing systems, direct high‐voltage power sources, and large‐scale blue energy. The review is concluded with a discussion of the challenges of leveraging TENGs for sustainable energy engineering. The striving directions of TENG technologies are proposed with a concentration on basic research and commercialization for the new ear of 5G and Internet of Things.
Audit in ultrasound: An introduction and overview
Authors: Moore Stephen , Reeve Ruth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the importance of clinical audits within ultrasound and provides an overview of how audits can guide high‐quality clinical care and lead advanced practice within Ultrasound. We outline the who, what when and where of audit and how it can be used in contemporary medicine. Utilising the frameworks within the United Kingdom from the British Medical Ultrasound Society and others as well as drawing from personal experience the authors demonstrate practical examples of audits that have improved the quality of care within the United Kingdom and lead the way for Advanced Practitioner roles where individuals undertake interventional procedures such as Fine Needle Aspirations. The aim of this articles is to demonstrate how Sonographers can take their audits forward and implement the clinical environment.
Theoretischer Hintergrund: Politische Teilhabe
Authors: Lütters Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDen Ausgangspunkt der nachfolgenden theoretischen Eingrenzung bildet der zentrale Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung – die politische Partizipation. Nach einer definitorischen Präzisierung werden Strukturierungsmerkmale politischer Beteiligung dargelegt, die Verbreitung verschiedener Partizipationsformen in der Bundesrepublik skizziert und mögliche Probleme einer sozial verzerrten Teilhabe identifiziert. Im zweiten Teil werden die zentralen Erklärungsansätze politischer Beteiligung erörtert und deren Vorzüge sowie Schwierigkeiten diskutiert.
Quality Assurance of Open Educational Resources
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Müskens Wolfgang , Marín Victoria I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lack of transparency of the quality of Open Educational Resources (OER) is often seen as a barrier to the wider adoption, use, sharing, and further development of OER in the practice of teaching and learning in ODDE. Following the UNESCO Recommendation on OER, this chapter starts providing an overview of quality assurance systems from an international perspective, and the perceptions of faculty members on OER quality. Then, based on an empirical study, a quality framework and validated instrument for the evaluation and quality assessment of OER is presented – the Instrument for Quality Assurance of OER (IQOER). The second part of the chapter looks at how such an instrument can be integrated into a quality assurance process that takes into account the different goals, roles, and functions of the stakeholders involved. It becomes clear that a cultural change toward Open Educational Practice (OEP) is also needed to reach a wider acceptance of OER.
Neutrinoless double beta decay via light neutralinos in R-parity violating supersymmetry
Authors: Bolton Patrick D. , Deppisch Frank F. , Dev P. S. Bhupal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We perform a study of neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay mediated by the lightest neutralino of arbitrary mass in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) under the presence of R-parity violating trilinear interactions. In this scenario, the exchange of the lightest neutralino can result in 0νββ decay of either long-range or short-range behaviour, depending on the neutralino mass. Using nuclear matrix elements calculated in the interacting boson model, we use an interpolation between the long- and short-range behaviours with an approximate formula. The non-observation of 0νββ decay is then used to place constraints on the supersymmetry parameter space, compatible with constraints from collider experiments. We compare these constraints to bounds from pion decays, CKM unitarity and big bang nucleosynthesis.
Bubble wall dynamics at the electroweak phase transition
Authors: De Curtis Stefania , Rose Luigi Delle , Guiggiani Andrea , Muyor Ángel Gil , Panico Giuliano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
First order phase transitions could play a major role in the early universe, providing important phenomenological consequences, such as the production of gravitational waves and the generation of baryon asymmetry. An important aspect that determines the properties of the phase transition is the dynamics of the true-vacuum bubbles, which is controlled by the density perturbations in the hot plasma. We study this aspect presenting, for the first time, the full solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation for the top quark species coupled to the Higgs field during a first-order electroweak phase transition. Our approach, differently from the traditional one based on the fluid approximation, does not rely on any ansatz and can fully capture the density perturbations in the plasma. We find that our results significantly differ from the ones obtained in the fluid approximation (including its extensions and modifications), both at the qualitative and quantitative level. In particular sizable differences are found for the friction acting on the bubble wall.