bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Printability Evaluation of Heat Exchangers for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Liang Xuan , White Lisha , Cagan Jonathan , Rollett Anthony D. , Zhang Yongjie Jessica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The structural design and additive manufacturing (AM) of cross-flow heat exchangers (HXs) are studied. A unit-based design framework is proposed to optimize the channel configuration in order to improve heat exchange performance (HXP) and meanwhile control pressure drop (PD) between the fluid inlet and outlet. A gradient-based optimization methodology is employed to drive the iterative design process. Both shape and topology changes are observed during the channel configuration evolution. Moreover, AM printability evaluation is considered and some re-design work is proposed with respect to metal laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. For an original optimized structure from the unit-based design, corner rounding operation is adopted first, specifically to avoid sharp features. Then the building process of the entire cross-flow HX containing the top, bottom caps, surrounding walls and the optimized thin-walled channels is simulated, and residual deformation is predicted through the sequential layer-by-layer analysis. Based on residual deformation profile, geometrical compensation is implemented for the 3D reconstructed model to reduce geometrical inaccuracy of the printed HX. Finally, a mature design scheme for cross-flow HX can be achieved as the solution that leads to largely improved HXP (e.g., nearly 200% increase), well controlled PD and enhanced printability with respect to the LPBF AM process.
Computational Design of Additively Manufactured Curvilinear Scaffolds for Bone Repair
Authors: Cohen David O. , Aboutaleb Sohaila M. G. , Wagoner Johnson Amy , Norato Julian A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work introduces a computational method for designing ceramic scaffolds fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) for maximum bone growth, whereby the deposited rods are curvilinear. A mechanobiological model of bone adaptation is used to compute bone growth into the scaffold, taking into account the shape of the defect, the applied loading, and the density distribution of bone in which the scaffold is implanted. The method ensures smooth, continuously varying rod contours are produced which are ideal for the DIW process. The method uses level sets of radial basis functions to fully define the scaffold geometry with a small number of design variables, minimizing the optimization’s computational cost. Effective elastic and diffusive properties of the scaffold as a function of the scaffold design and the bone density are obtained from previously constructed surrogates. These property surrogates are in turn used to perform bone adaptation simulations of the scaffold-bone system. Design sensitivities of the bone ingrowth within the scaffold are efficiently obtained using a finite difference scheme implemented in parallel. A demonstration of the methodology on a scaffold implanted in a pig mandible is presented. The scaffold is optimized to maximize bone ingrowth with geometric constraints to conform to the manufacturing process.
A Modular Continuum Manipulator for Aerial Manipulation and Perching
Authors: Zhao Qianwen , Zhang Guoqing , Jafarnejadsani Hamidreza , Wang Long 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most aerial manipulators use serial rigid-link designs, which results in large forces when initiating contacts during manipulation and could cause flight stability difficulty. This limitation could potentially be improved by the compliance of continuum manipulators.
To achieve this goal, we present the novel design of a compact, lightweight, and modular cable-driven continuum manipulator for aerial drones. We then derive a complete modeling framework for its kinematics, statics, and stiffness (compliance). The framework is essential for integrating the manipulator to aerial drones. Finally, we report preliminary experimental validations of the hardware prototype, providing insights on its manipulation feasibility. Future work includes the integration and test of the proposed continuum manipulator with aerial drones.
Parametric Analysis of Negative Capacitance Circuit for Enhanced Vibration Suppression Through Piezoelectric Shunt
Authors: Wang Ting , Tang Jiong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric transducers are widely employed in vibration control and energy harvesting. The effective electro-mechanical coupling of a piezoelectric system is related to the inherent capacitance of the piezoelectric transducer. It is known that passive vibration suppression through piezoelectric LC shunt can be enhanced with the integration of negative capacitance which however requires a power supply. This research focuses on the parametric investigation of a self-sustainable negative capacitance where the piezoelectric transducer is concurrently used in both vibration suppression and energy harvesting through LC shunt. The basic idea is to utilize the energy harvesting functionality of the piezoelectric transducer to aid the usage of negative capacitance in terms of power supply. Specifically, the power consumption and circuitry performance with respect to negative capacitance circuit design is analyzed thoroughly. Indeed, the net power generation is the difference between available power in the shunt circuit and the power consumption of the negative capacitance circuit. There exists complex tradeoffs between net power generation and the vibration suppression performance when we use different resistance values in the negative capacitance circuit. It is demonstrated through correlated analytical simulation and experimental study that the proper selection of the resistance values in the negative capacitance circuit can result in vibration suppression enhancement as well as improved net power generation, leading to a self-sustainable negative capacitance scheme.
The Effect of the Balance Board Mass on the Stability, Equilibrium, and Robustness of the Human-Balance Board System
Authors: Chumacero Erik , Yang James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
People with neuromuscular deficits may show balance issues that put them in a higher risk of fall as compared to healthy people. To reduce the risk of fall, balance-board (BB)-based rehabilitation intervention has been widely used. However, despite the extensive use of BB-based interventions, the mechanisms responsible for rehabilitation remain unclear. To better understand these mechanisms, several studies have used a system dynamics approach to investigate the effect of neuromuscular deficits (visual, vestibular, proprioceptive) and sensorimotor latencies on the stability and dynamical behavior of the human-BB system. Though, to the best knowledge of the authors, the effect of the BB mass on the stability and dynamics of the human-BB system has never been investigated. In the present study, bifurcation analyses, root finding techniques, and computational simulations are used to investigate the effect of the BB mass and BB time-delay on the stability, equilibrium, and robustness of the human-BB upright posture (UP) for cases where either proprioceptive or visual and vestibular deficits are considered. The results show that the BB mass and BB time-delay play a critical role on the UP stability, leaning postures, and robustness of the human-BB system. In fact, increasing BB mass reduces the range of neuromuscular gains that stabilize the system and shrinks the basin of attraction of the UP, which is related to the human-BB system’s robustness to posture disturbances. This effect is more evident in the case where visual and vestibular deficits are considered in simulation. This relationship may have implications on the design and development of BBs with tunable mass and tunable time-delay. The BB could be designed to tune time-delay and mass, so patients could be better challenged during BB-based intervention in a more patient-specific manner.
Design of Constant-Force Wristbands for a Wearable Health Device
Authors: Naylor Thomas , Black Roger , Hernandez Cameron , McMullin Paul , Jensen Brian D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design and testing of a wrist-worn Wearable Health Device (WHD) with an integrated compliant Constant-Force Mechanism (CFM) as part of the wrist band, acting to keep the band tension constant. An integrated CFM can keep pressure on the wrist constant or near-constant, thereby solving one of the main difficulties (movement of and varying force on the sensor area) that wrist-worn WHDs face. The design requirements for a constant-force wristband were narrowed down to seven critical requirements. Multiple CFMs were explored with two main concepts (buckling beams and tape springs) prototyped and evaluated against the key requirements. The tape spring concept was chosen for human subject trials testing due to the mechanism’s better performance compared to the buckling beams concept. The human subject testing (IRB2020-268) compares pressure on the wrist for both a band with and without an integrated CFM for eight different movement activities. The band with the integrated CFM produced reduced variation in the pressure on the wrist, but the difference was not significant. In addition, it was found that, even with the CFM, the band’s sensor location shifted during human motion. Future work will focus on alternative ways of reducing pressure variation, including constant force mechanisms that apply force directly to the sensor package, rather than acting to keep band tension constant.
Separation and Identification of Diesel Engine Noise Sources Based on Adaptive Variational Mode Extraction
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Lin Gengyi , Li Xiaozhen , Zhou Qidi , Lin Jiewei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An accurate and efficient method of identifying noise sources can provide guidance for acoustic improvement and troubleshooting of diesel engines. Due to the complexity and impact of diesel engine acoustic and vibration signal, the current signal decomposition methods are not adaptive enough in dealing with diesel engine acoustic signal, and it is difficult to identify non-order noise sources. In order to solve the above problems, an adaptive variational mode extraction method (AVME) was proposed by constructing the mutual correlation coefficient between decomposition signals and source signals as a judgment index. The accuracy and robustness of AVME algorithm were verified by constructing analog signals. The noise signal from the top of diesel engine was decomposed by AVME, and the time-frequency characteristics of the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components were extracted and decomposed. The acoustic-vibration coherence analysis and acoustic array technique were combined to identify the diesel engine noise source. The results show that the algorithm can successfully identify the oil pan noise, combustion noise, piston knock noise and air compressor noise of diesel engine.
Systematic Review and Classification of the Engineering for Global Development Literature Based on Design Tools and Methods for Social Impact Consideration
Authors: Armstrong Andrew G. , Suk Hailie , Mabey Christopher S. , Mattson Christopher A. , Hall John , Salmon John L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While many tools and methodologies for assessing social impact exist and are used in the social science and development fields, there is a lack of standard methods for considering the broader social impact of products in the engineering community. Some reasons these methods are not as widely used in the engineering community include designers not being aware of the methods, or methods not being widely applicable. The purpose of this research is to help designers and researchers find relevant design tools and methods for implementing social impact considerations. This is done through the classification of 374 papers in the Engineering for Global Development (EGD) literature along several dimensions including method purpose, industry sector, social impacts considered, sustainable development goals, paper setting, and data inputs required. This paper describes how designers and researchers can use this classified paper set to locate relevant design tools and methods to improve social impact considerations in their work.
Capturing Designers’ Experiential Knowledge in Scalable Representation Systems: A Case Study of Knowledge Graphs for Product Teardowns
Authors: Goridkov Nicole , Rao Vivek , Cui Dixun , Grandi Daniele , Wang Ye , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Knowledge collection, extraction, and organization are critical activities in all aspects of the engineering design process. However, it remains challenging to surface and organize design knowledge in a scalable and accessible manner given it often contains implicit or tacit dimensions that are difficult to capture. Knowledge graphs have been explored to address this issue but have been primarily semantic in nature in engineering design contexts, typically focusing on sharing explicit knowledge. In this work, we explore how knowledge graphs could offer a mechanism to organize experiential design knowledge and afford its use in complex queries. We develop a searchable knowledge graph based on data from a previous virtual product teardown activity with 23 professional designers. Examples of the underlying data within this corpus include descriptions of product components and their purpose as well as participant-determined relationships between these components. To structure the knowledge graph, we develop a schema that uses its constituent nodes and edges to represent design knowledge, relational information, and properties such as the node author’s discipline and the node’s function-behavior-structure classification. We propose and demonstrate two user-driven graph search types — intentional and exploratory — and four data-driven graph search methods, and illustrate through two extended examples their potential to reveal insights and patterns from teardown knowledge. These findings suggest that knowledge graphs can be a valuable approach to organizing and availing experiential design knowledge emerging from complex design activities.
Exploring How the Heterogeneity of Building Types in Community Microgrids Impact Their Value Proposition
Authors: Odonkor Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Community microgrids present a compelling new approach for designing and operating the next generation of power grids. The extent to which their benefits can be realized depends on their constituent buildings, energy infrastructure, and the control algorithms that maintain grid balance. Conventional practice has been to treat the former as inflexible, meaning micro-grids are often designed for a preset group to buildings. However, as microgrids evolve to consider multiple stakeholder needs (such as consumers, prosumers and utilities), the ability for them to maximize stakeholder value — in terms of demand flexibility and energy resiliency — relies on an optimal building composition. This work advances the hypothesis that heterogeneous microgrid compositions exhibit distinguishable value propositions for different stakeholders which, if identified and understood, can provide decision support for microgrid design and adoption at scale. By leveraging the US Department of Energy’s ComStock dataset, we conduct an in-depth empirical study which uncovers trends to support the inclusion (and in some cases exclusion) of a variety of building types when composing community microgrids. The pairing of hotels with quick service restaurants, for example, was one of several key findings that illustrate how complimentary building relationships can be leveraged to advance energy self sufficiency and demand flexibility in community microgrids.
Level-Set-Based Shape & Topology Optimization of Thermal Cloaks
Authors: Xu Xiaoqiang , Chen Shikui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thermal metamaterials are gaining increasing popularity, especially for heat flux manipulation purposes. However, due to the high anisotropy of the structures resulting from the transformation thermotics or scattering cancellation methods, researchers are resorting to topology optimization as an alternative to find the optimal distribution of constituent bulk materials to realize a specific thermal function. This paper proposes to design a thermal cloak using the level-set-based shape and topology optimization. The thermal cloak design is considered in the context of pure heat conduction. The cloaking effect is achieved by reproducing the reference temperature field through the optimal distribution of two thermally conductive materials. The structural boundary is evolved by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The feasibility and validity of the proposed method to design thermal meta-devices with cloaking functionality are demonstrated through two numerical examples. The optimized structures have clear boundaries between constituent materials and do not exhibit thermal anisotropy, making it easier for physical realization. The first example deals with a circular cloaking region as a benchmark design. The robustness of the proposed method against various cloaking regions is illustrated by the second example concerning a human-shaped cloaking area. This work can inspire a broader exploration of the thermal meta-device in the heat flux manipulation regime.
The Effect of Leveraging Function-Sharing on System Modularity
Authors: Bhasin Devesh , McAdams Daniel A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work analyzes the change in the modularity of engineered systems upon leveraging function-sharing in the systems. Function-sharing refers to the simultaneous implementation of multiple functions by a single component. Leveraging function-sharing reduces the number of components constituting a system, and leads to improvements in the system’s performance characteristics. However, leveraging function-sharing in a system’s design is often presumed to decrease the system’s modularity and, consequently, inhibit the design benefits of maintaining a high system modularity. This work performs a simulation-based analysis to show that leveraging function-sharing may not necessarily decrease a system’s modularity. The change in a system’s modularity upon leveraging function-sharing is shown to be dependent upon the initial modularity of the system, the strength of inter-dependencies between the components that are combined to leverage function-sharing, and the strength of interactions between the teams designing the system modules. The analysis is performed by generating a sample set of hypothetical modular systems, and modeling them as undirected networks. Function-sharing is then simulated in the sample systems, and the change in the modularity of the systems upon implementing function-sharing is quantified using an existing modularity metric. The information presented in this work can support the design of systems that can simultaneously leverage function-sharing and exhibit a high modularity.
Agent-Based Simulation of Optimal Trust in a Decision Support System in One-on-One Collaboration
Authors: Lotfalian Saremi Mostaan , Bayrak Alparslan Emrah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Intelligent systems that can effectively collaborate with human users can potentially expand human decision-making capabilities in numerous domains. An important factor that determines the effectiveness of these intelligent systems is trust from human users. How much a user should trust an intelligent system to maximize the benefits is an open question. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the impact of trust on the collaboration between a human user and an intelligent decision support system (DSS) in binary classification problems. Using an agent-based simulation model, we represent trust as a static quantity averaged over a set of Monte Carlo simulations calculated based on a user’s self-confidence, confidence in a DSS, and agents’ expertise. Our results show the optimal level of self-confidence and confidence in a DSS needed to maximize the collaboration performance under different problem scenarios. The results indicate that with such an optimal level of confidence, the collaboration performance can exceed the performance of the individual agents alone. Further, our results also show that having a concentrated expertise on particular types of problems is more beneficial than being somewhat knowledgeable in multiple problems given that the expertise of the user and the DSS complement each other.
Boone’s Buddies: Design of a Prosthetic Rear Limb Set for Dogs With Severe Amputations
Authors: Steinbrink Scott , Baumgarner Julia , Cardella Noah , Moretti Samantha , Schweitzer Emily , Piovesan Davide 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper documents the design and implementation of a set of rear-limb prostheses for a dog, performed as a senior capstone design project by a team of students in the Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering programs at Gannon University. A particular target dog was selected to receive the design benefit. The unique features of this design arise from the severe nature of the dog’s amputations — the extent of injury requiring amputation resulted in very little residual limb, making secure attachment difficult. In addition, project goals included the ability to allow mobility on uneven surfaces, enhanced ability for the dog to raise and right himself, hygienic issues and ease of attachment/detachment. Benchmark studies found many competitor products on the market, but each fell short in meeting this particular dog’s needs in some way.
An Unified Approach for the Determination of Instantaneous Screw Axes for Linkages Associated With the Euclidean Group and Its Subgroups
Authors: Rico José M. , Valderrama Rodríguez Juan Ignacio , Cervantes-Sánchez J. Jesús , Pérez Zamudio Fernando Tomás 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a unified approach for the determination of the instantaneous screw axes for one-DOF linkages associated with the different subgroups of the Euclidean group. The theory behind the approach is based on the most general form of the three-axes theorem and the invariant symmetric forms, Killing and Klein, defined on se(3), the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group, SE (3). Using the Killing and Klein forms on the general form of the three-axes theorem provides sufficient equations to find the instantaneous screw axes of any linkage. The contribution provides a unified approach for the determination of the instantaneous screw axis associated with the relative motion of two bodies in general spatial motion. Further, the equations can be simplified when considering the different subalgebras of the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group, in particular, the spherical and planar subalgebras. The contribution includes two subgroups (subalgebras) that have not been previously analyzed. Further, it is proven that in general both the Killing and Klein forms are required to find the instantaneous screw axes of spatial linkages. Several examples for the general spatial case, and the two subal-gebras, that have been not previously analyzed, are presented.