bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding racialised older adults’ experiences of the Canadian healthcare system, and codesigning solutions: protocol for a qualitative study in nine languages
Authors: Tong Catherine E , Lopez Kimberly J , Chowdhury Diya , Arya Neil , Elliott Jacobi , Sims-Gould Joanie , Grindrod Kelly , Stolee Paul 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRacialised immigrant older adults (RIOAs) in Canada have poorer self-rated health and are more likely to report chronic conditions, while they concurrently experience well-documented challenges in navigating and accessing the healthcare system. There is strong evidence that patient and caregiver engagement in their healthcare leads to improved management of chronic disease and better health outcomes. International research suggests that engagement has the potential to reduce health disparities and improve quality of care. We aim to (1) describe what role(s) RIOAs are/are not taking in their own healthcare, from the perspectives of participant groups (RIOAs, caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs)); and (2) develop a codesign process with these participants, creating linguistically aligned and culturally aligned tools, resources or solutions to support patient engagement with RIOAs.Methods and analysisUsing a cross-cultural participatory action research approach, our work will consist of three phases: phase 1, strengthen existing partnerships with RIOAs and appropriate agencies and cultural associations; phase 2, on receipt of informed consent, in-depth interviews with RIOAs and caregivers (n=~45) and HCPs (n=~10), professionally interpreted as needed. Phase 3, work with participants, in multiple interpreted sessions, to codesign culturally sensitive and linguistically sensitive/aligned patient engagement tools. We will conduct this research in the Waterloo-Wellington region of Ontario, in Arabic, Bangla, Cantonese, Hindi, Mandarin, Punjabi, Tamil and Urdu, plus English. Data will be transcribed, cleaned and entered into NVivo V.12, the software that will support team-based analysis. Analysis will include coding, theming and interpreting the data, and, preparing narrative descriptions that summarise each language group and each participant group (older adults, caregivers and HCPs), and illustrate themes.Ethics and disseminationEthics clearance was obtained through the University of Waterloo Office of Research Ethics (ORE #43297). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations and translated summary reports for our partners and participants.
Pausing methotrexate prevents impairment of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralisation after COVID-19 booster vaccination
Authors: Habermann Elisa , Gieselmann Lutz , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Klotsche Jens , Albach Fredrik Nils , ten Hagen Alexander , Zernicke Jan , Ahmadov Elvin , Arumahandi de Silva Amanthi Nadira , Frommert Leonie Maria , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif Erik , Burmester Gerd R , Klein Florian , Biesen Robert 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe level of neutralising capacity against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 after third COVID-19 vaccination in patients on paused or continuous methotrexate (MTX) therapy is unclear.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, neutralising serum activity against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (Wu01) and variant of concern Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were assessed by pseudovirus neutralisation assay before, 4 and 12 weeks after mRNA booster immunisation in 50 rheumatic patients on MTX, 26 of whom paused the medication. 44 non-immunosuppressed persons (NIP) served as control group.ResultsWhile the neutralising serum activity against SARS-CoV-2 Wu01 and Omicron variants increased 67–73 fold in the NIP after booster vaccination, the serum activity in patients receiving MTX increased only 20–23 fold. Patients who continued MTX treatment during vaccination had significantly lower neutralisation against all variants at weeks 4 and 12 compared with patients who paused MTX and the control group, except for BA.2 at week 12. Patients who paused MTX reached comparably high neutralising capacities as NIP, except for Wu01 at week 12. The duration of the MTX pause after—not before—was associated with a significantly higher neutralisation capacity against all three variants, with an optimal duration at 10 days after vaccination.ConclusionPatients pausing MTX after COVID-19 booster showed a similar vaccine response to NIP. Patients who continued MTX demonstrated an impaired response indicating a potentially beneficial second booster vaccination. Our data also suggest that a 1 week MTX break is sufficient if the last administration of MTX occurs 1–3 days before vaccination.
Comparative analysis of signal-to-noise ratio in correlation plenoptic imaging architectures
Authors: Massaro Gianlorenzo , Scala Giovanni , D’Angelo Milena , Pepe Francesco V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCorrelation plenoptic imaging (CPI) is a scanning-free diffraction-limited 3D optical imaging technique exploiting the peculiar properties of correlated light sources. CPI has been further extended to samples of interest to microscopy, such as fluorescent or scattering objects, in a modified architecture named correlation light-field microscopy (CLM). Interestingly, experiments have shown that the noise performances of CLM are significantly improved over the original CPI scheme, leading to better images and faster acquisition. In this work, we provide a theoretical foundation to such advantage by investigating the properties of both the signal-to-noise and the signal-to-background ratios of CLM and the original CPI setup.
The carbon footprint of proposed $${\mathrm{e}}^+{\mathrm{e}}^-$$ Higgs factories
Authors: Janot Patrick , Blondel Alain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe energy consumption of any of the $${\mathrm{e}}^+{\mathrm{e}}^-$$

e

+

e

-

Higgs factory projects that can credibly operate immediately after the end of LHC, namely three linear colliders (CLIC, operating at $$\sqrt{s}\,=\,380$$

s

=

380

GeV; and ILC and $${\mathrm{C}}^3$$

C

3

, operating at $$\sqrt{s}\,=\,250$$

s

=

250

GeV) and two circular colliders (CEPC and FCC-ee, operating at $$\sqrt{s}\,=\,240$$

s

=

240

GeV), will be everything but negligible. Future Higgs boson studies may therefore have a significant environmental impact. This note proposes to include the carbon footprint for a given physics performance as a top-level gauge for the design optimisation and, eventually, the choice of the future facility. The projected footprints per Higgs boson produced, evaluated using the 2021 carbon emission of available electricity, are found to vary by a factor 100 depending on the considered Higgs factory project.
Cardiac External Counterpulsation Attenuates Myocardial Injury by Regulating NRF2-mediated Ferroptosisin and Oxidative stress Injury
Authors: Wang ShiXiang , Wang Bin , Guo Guofeng , Chen Youquan 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. To explore the role of the external counterpulsation (ECP) myocardial injury by controlling NRF2-mediated ferroptosis and oxidative stress damage in acute myocardial infarction. Methods. Twenty acute myocardial infarction (AMI) participants hospitalized from January 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled. In addition, 20 healthy individuals who had a physical examination at our hospital served as normal controls. Before the AMI patients were given ECP therapy, the blood samples were collected and echocardiography was performed as the data of AMI cohort. Then, the blood samples were collected and echocardiography was performed following the ECP therapy as the data of AMI + ECP cohort. The heart function was assessed by echocardiography test. Results. Our findings demonstrated that ECP could reduce heart damage in patients with AMI. In the current study, we found that ECP could reduce heart damage in patients with AMI through increasing the LV-EF% and enhancing LVEDV and LVESV, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). ECP could reduce the levels of oxidative stress and ferroptosis markers in blood samples of AMI patients, which was through the upregulation of NRF2 and HO-1 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). Taken together, all data implied that ECP was able to attenuate myocardial injury by regulating NRF2-mediated ferroptosis and oxidative stress in AMI patients, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Our findings in this research are that cardiac ECP is able to attenuate myocardial injury by regulating NRF2-mediated ferroptosis and oxidative stress injury in AMI patients. This certainly gives the possibility of a clinically effective treatment for AMI patients, although further clinical trials need to be validated.
Monounsaturated and Diunsaturated Fatty Acids Sensitize Cervical Cancer to Radiation Therapy
Authors: Muhammad Naoshad , Ruiz Fiona , Stanley Jennifer , Rashmi Ramachandran , Cho Kevin , Jayachandran Kay , Zahner Michael C. , Huang Yi , Zhang Jin , Markovina Stephanie , Patti Gary J. , Schwarz Julie K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Obesity induces numerous physiological changes that can impact cancer risk and patient response to therapy. Obese patients with cervical cancer have been reported to have superior outcomes following chemoradiotherapy, suggesting that free fatty acids (FFA) might enhance response to radiotherapy. Here, using preclinical models, we show that monounsaturated and diunsaturated FFAs (uFFA) radiosensitize cervical cancer through a novel p53-dependent mechanism. UFFAs signaled through PPARγ and p53 to promote lipid uptake, storage, and metabolism after radiotherapy. Stable isotope labeling confirmed that cervical cancer cells increase both catabolic and anabolic oleate metabolism in response to radiotherapy, with associated increases in dependence on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for survival. In vivo, supplementation with exogenous oleate suppressed tumor growth in xenografts after radiotherapy, an effect that could be partially mimicked in tumors from high fat diet–induced obese mice. These results suggest that supplementation with uFFAs may improve tumor responses to radiotherapy, particularly in p53 wild-type tumors.

Significance:
Metabolism of monounsaturated and diunsaturated fatty acids improves the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer through modulation of p53 activity.
See related commentary by Jungles and Green, p. 4513
The LncRNA LENOX Interacts with RAP2C to Regulate Metabolism and Promote Resistance to MAPK Inhibition in Melanoma
Authors: Gambi Giovanni , Mengus Gabrielle , Davidson Guillaume , Demesmaeker Ewout , Cuomo Alessandro , Bonaldi Tiziana , Katopodi Vicky , Malouf Gabriel G. , Leucci Eleonora , Davidson Irwin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Tumor heterogeneity is a key feature of melanomas that hinders development of effective treatments. Aiming to overcome this, we identified LINC00518 (LENOX; lincRNA-enhancer of oxidative phosphorylation) as a melanoma-specific lncRNA expressed in all known melanoma cell states and essential for melanoma survival in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LENOX promoted association of the RAP2C GTPase with mitochondrial fission regulator DRP1, increasing DRP1 S637 phosphorylation, mitochondrial fusion, and oxidative phosphorylation. LENOX expression was upregulated following treatment with MAPK inhibitors, facilitating a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation and conferring resistance to MAPK inhibition. Consequently, combined silencing of LENOX and RAP2C synergized with MAPK inhibitors to eradicate melanoma cells. Melanomas are thus addicted to the lncRNA LENOX, which acts to optimize mitochondrial function during melanoma development and progression.

Significance:
The lncRNA LENOX is a novel regulator of melanoma metabolism, which can be targeted in conjunction with MAPK inhibitors to eradicate melanoma cells.
Wnt Signaling in the Phenotype and Function of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Tigue Megan L. , Loberg Matthew A. , Goettel Jeremy A. , Weiss William A. , Lee Ethan , Weiss Vivian L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play an important role in supporting tumor growth and suppressing antitumor immune responses, and TAM infiltration has been associated with poor patient prognosis in various cancers. TAMs can be classified as pro-inflammatory, M1-like, or anti-inflammatory, M2-like. While multiple factors within the tumor microenvironment affect the recruitment, polarization, and functions of TAMs, accumulating evidence suggests that Wnt signaling represents an important, targetable driver of an immunosuppressive, M2-like TAM phenotype. TAM production of Wnt ligands mediates TAM-tumor cross-talk to support cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting TAM polarization and the protumorigenic functions of TAMs through inhibitors of Wnt signaling may prove a beneficial treatment strategy in cancers where macrophages are prevalent in the microenvironment.
Cell Competition in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Madan Esha , Palma António M. , Vudatha Vignesh , Trevino Jose G. , Natarajan Kedar Nath , Winn Robert A. , Won Kyoung Jae , Graham Trevor A. , Drapkin Ronny , McDonald Stuart A.C. , Fisher Paul B. , Gogna Rajan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The majority of human cancers evolve over time through the stepwise accumulation of somatic mutations followed by clonal selection akin to Darwinian evolution. However, the in-depth mechanisms that govern clonal dynamics and selection remain elusive, particularly during the earliest stages of tissue transformation. Cell competition (CC), often referred to as 'survival of the fittest' at the cellular level, results in the elimination of less fit cells by their more fit neighbors supporting optimal organism health and function. Alternatively, CC may allow an uncontrolled expansion of super-fit cancer cells to outcompete their less fit neighbors thereby fueling tumorigenesis. Recent research discussed herein highlights the various non–cell-autonomous principles, including interclonal competition and cancer microenvironment competition supporting the ability of a tumor to progress from the initial stages to tissue colonization. In addition, we extend current insights from CC-mediated clonal interactions and selection in normal tissues to better comprehend those factors that contribute to cancer development.
TWEAK–Fn14–RelB Signaling Cascade Promotes Stem Cell–like Features that Contribute to Post-Chemotherapy Ovarian Cancer Relapse
Authors: Holmberg Ryne , Robinson Mikella , Gilbert Samuel F. , Lujano-Olazaba Omar , Waters Jennifer A. , Kogan Emily , Velasquez Candyd Lace R. , Stevenson Denay , Cruz Luisjesus S. , Alexander Logan J. , Lara Jacqueline , Mu Emily M. , Camillo Jared Rafael , Bitler Benjamin G. , Huxford Tom , House Carrie D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Disease recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian cancer may be due to cancer stem–like cells (CSC) that are resistant to chemotherapy and capable of reestablishing heterogeneous tumors. The alternative NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in this process; however, the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, Fn14, are strong inducers of alternative NF-κB signaling and are enriched in ovarian tumors following chemotherapy treatment. We further show that TWEAK enhances spheroid formation ability, asymmetric division capacity, and expression of SOX2 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes VIM and ZEB1 in ovarian cancer cells, phenotypes that are enhanced when TWEAK is combined with carboplatin. Moreover, TWEAK in combination with chemotherapy induces expression of the CSC marker CD117 in CD117− cells. Blocking the TWEAK–Fn14–RelB signaling cascade with a small-molecule inhibitor of Fn14 prolongs survival following carboplatin chemotherapy in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. These data provide new insights into ovarian cancer CSC biology and highlight a signaling axis that should be explored for therapeutic development.

Implications:
This study identifies a unique mechanism for the induction of ovarian cancer stem cells that may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing relapse.
Quantification of Effects of Errors in the Cloud Properties on the Representation of the Surface Downward Shortwave Flux Based on MERRA-2 in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Oka Kazutaka , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of the representation of the surface downward shortwave flux (DSF) from atmospheric reanalysis data products is required to obtain reliable information for the resource assessment of surface solar energy. The representation of the DSF from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis data product was evaluated using surface solar radiation from ground-based observations in Japan. The cloud fraction (CFR) and cloud optical thickness (COT) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were also used as references. The CFR from MERRA-2 tends to be smaller than that from MODIS, and the correlation between the difference in the CFR and that in the DSF is negative. The correlation between the difference in the COT and that in the DSF is weakly negative. To quantify the effects of the difference in the CFR and COT to that of the DSF, a regression model based on an artificial neural network architecture that emulates the process of the DSF in MERRA-2 was constructed. Numerical experiments using the emulator quantify contributions of each of the differences in the CFR and COT and joint contributions of the two variables. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed to clarify the differences in the seasonal changes in the monthly mean bias error (MBE) in the DSF among ground observation stations, and three clusters were identified. Contributions of the differences in the CFR and COT to the seasonal change in the monthly MBE were also clarified using the results of the numerical experiments.
Molecular characterization of a novel homozygous deletion in β-globin cluster causing (δβ)0-Thalassemia among Tunisian family
Authors: Kalai Miniar , Moumni Imen , Ouragini Houyem , Ben Fraj Ilhem , Mellouli Fethi , Ouederni Monia , Chaouachi Dorra , Boudriga Imen , Menif Samia 
Published: October 2022

Background Deletions in the β-globin cluster are uncommon and cause thalassemia (thal) with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. They constitute a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by absent or reduced synthesis of adult hemoglobin (Hb A) and increased synthesis of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). Although the clinical severity of these disorders are asymptomatic owing to the increased Hb F levels, the molecular basis is very heterogenous due to the large deletions in the β-globin cluster spanning both HBD and HBB genes. Here, we describe a Tunisian family carrying a novel deletion mutation causing (δβ)°-thalassemia. Methods The amounts of hemoglobin fractions were measured by capillary electrophoresis of hemoglobin. Amplification and sequencing of different regions on the β-gene cluster were performed by Sanger method. Results Family study and genetic analysis revealed a large deletion mutation in the β-globin cluster of 14.5 kb (NG_000,007.3:g. 58,253 to g.72837del14584) at the homozygous state in the patient and at heterozygous state at the other members of the family. This deletion removes the HBD and HBB genes. Conclusions In our knowledge, this new large deletion is described for the first time in the Tunisian population and in the world, designed Tunisian(δβ)0 in Ithanet database (IthaID: 3971). Therefore, it is important to identify the deletion leading to δβ-thalassemia carriers at the molecular level, to highlight the importance of recognizing the clinical features and implementing appropriate testing to clarify the diagnosis and manage the condition.
Comparisons of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Between Community Versus Hospital-Based Settings: A Multi-Site Study
Authors: Zubatsky Max , Khoo Yit Mui , Lundy Janice , Blessing Debra , Berg-Weger Marla , Hayden Deborah , Morley John E. 
Published: October 2022

Background Non-pharmacological interventions such as Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) have been shown to help persons living with dementia in improving cognitive function and recall. While previous CST interventions have been conducted largely with community populations, none have explored the outcomes of CST in larger healthcare settings. Our study explored differences of cognitive function, mood, and quality-of-life from CST groups both community and residential-based groups. Method Participants ( N = 258) from academic and rural, hospital-based settings in Missouri engaged in 14-session psychosocial groups to aid reminiscence for enhanced cognitive function and recall. Results Post-intervention cognitive function improvements occurred for community (t = −7.48, p < .001) and residential samples (t = −2.46, p < .05). Community groups showed significant improvement in overall mood related to their dementia (t = 6.37, p < .001). Conclusion Healthcare providers should consider CST as a supplemental intervention for older patients receiving usual care for dementia-related symptoms.
Elucidating the Real‐World Burden of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps in Patients in the USA
Authors: Benson Victoria S. , Germain Guillaume , Chan Robert H. , Sousa Ana R. , Yang Shibing , Silver Jared , Duh Mei Sheng , Laliberté François , Chang Rose , Han Joseph K. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo characterize healthcare burden, treatment patterns, and clinical characteristics associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingReal‐world study using US health insurance claims database.MethodsAdults with ≥1 CRSwNP diagnosis (index date: first claim for nasal polyps [NPs] between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2019) and continuous health insurance coverage for ≥180 days preindex (baseline) and postindex were included. Follow‐up spanned from index to the earliest of disenrollment, death, or data end. Assessments included patient demographics, comorbidities, and blood eosinophil count at baseline, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs during follow‐up in the overall population and stratified by number of surgeries.ResultsOf the 119,357 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 33,748 (28%) had ≥1 surgery during follow‐up, among whom 3262 (9.7%) had ≥2 surgeries. At baseline, patients with ≥1 vs no NP surgeries had a greater comorbidity burden; a higher proportion of patients had comorbid asthma (37.8% vs 21.8%) and blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells/µL (42.6% vs 38.1%). During follow‐up, patients with NP surgeries had higher all‐cause and CRSwNP‐related HCRU and costs than patients without NP surgery. All‐cause healthcare costs per person per year increased with the number of surgeries during follow‐up (no surgery, $10,628; ≥1 surgery, $20,747; ≥2 surgeries, $26,969).ConclusionPatients with CRSwNP and surgery had a greater disease burden than those without surgery, with higher HCRU and costs, and were more likely to have comorbid conditions (most commonly asthma) and elevated blood eosinophil count, indicating a subset of patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP.