bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable force sensor based on carbon nanotube fiber for fine mechanical and acoustic technologies
Authors: Zhilyaeva Maria A , Asiyanbola Oyedamola A , Lomakin Maksim V , Mironov Dima M , Voloskov Boris S , Mikladal Bjørn , Tsetserukou Dzmitry O , Fedorov Fedor S , Vershinina Anna I , Shandakov Sergey D , Nasibulin Albert G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Design of new smart prosthetics or robotic grippers gives a major impetus to low-cost manufacturing and rapid prototyping of force sensing devices. In this paper, we examine piezoresistive force sensors based on carbon nanotube fibers fabricated by a novel wet pulling technique. The developed sensor is characterized by an adjustable force range coupled with high sensitivity to enable the detection of a wide range of forces and displacements limited by the experimental setup only. We have demonstrated the applicability of the developed unit in tactile sensing, displacement sensing, and nanophone vibration monitoring system and evaluated its force sensing characteristics, i.e. displacement/force input and resistance/mechanical response. In the experiments it measures 0–115 N force range within 2.5 mm displacement. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates good linearity, low hysteresis, and stability when tested over 10 000 cycles. The developed sensor suits multiple applications in the field of soft and transparent sensors, nanophones, actuators, and other robotics devices for both regular and extreme environments, e.g. deep underwater and radioactive environment.
Multi-peak soliton solutions of the generalized breaking soliton equation
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Kumar Dharmendra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, we apply the generalized exponential rational function method to find soliton solutions of generalized (3+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, which describes two-dimensional interchange of Riemann wave disseminating alongside y-axis with a long wave disseminating alongside x-axis. As a result, we obtain many soliton solutions to the equation by choosing appropriate parameters. We demonstrate a variety of travelling waves using three-dimensional, two-dimensional and contour plots. We observe that solutions involving parameters can drastically influence the behaviour of solitary waves. Such solutions are applicable to enrich the dynamical study of nonlinear waves in fluid dynamics and other fields of research.
Molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamics calculation on surface segregation in Ni-Cu nano-films under stress
Authors: Lian Songyou , Wang Jiangyong , Swart Hendrik C , Terblans Jacobus J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The surface segregation of Cu atoms in a Ni-Cu system was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to verify the results of the molecular dynamics simulations. For the thermodynamic calculations, a model for evaluating the influence of stress on surface segregation was developed using the modified Darken model in combination with the broken-bond model. Using molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the enrichment of Cu atoms occurred for a free-standing Ni-10 at.% Cu film consisting of 20 layers. Simultaneously, the stress distribution across the Ni-Cu thin film is obtained. The thermodynamic calculation results show that the influence of stress on the surface segregation cannot be ignored because of the considerable surface stress. Surface tension stress promotes the surface segregation of copper in Cu-Ni alloys due to the larger lattice parameter of copper than nickel, which leads to the reduction of surface strain energy. When the thickness is greater than 31 nm (or the number of layers exceeds 89), the size effect disappears, i.e., the surface concentration doesn’t increase with the increase of thickness. The calculation results obtained by the Bragg-William equation used for the surface segregation in equilibrium are in good agreement with the thermodynamic calculation and molecular dynamics simulation results.
A simple green synthesis of pure and sterling silver nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in deionized water: characterization and comparison
Authors: Aman Abdul Waheed , Omar Muhammad Firdaus , Samavati Alireza , Krishnan Ganesan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPure silver (Ag) and its alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with intense and tunable SPR bands in the visible region are widely exploited for biosensors, information storage, and solar energy systems. Pure Ag and Sterling silver (Ag92.5Cu7.5) NPs were synthesized by the laser ablation method in deionized water using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The prepared NPs were characterized and compared for their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results revealed that the NPs have polycrystalline nature with five lattice directions. The diffraction peak positions for Ag92.5Cu7.5 NPs exhibited an average redshift of 0.1 ̊ compared to pure Ag NPs due to the presence of copper atoms in the composite crystal unit cell structure. The formation of spherical NPs with an average size of 9.1 nm and 8.4 nm for Ag and Ag92.5Cu7.5 NPs was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). It was found that the concentration of synthesized Ag92.5Cu7.5 alloy NPs was considerably higher than that of pure Ag NPs. Going from pure to alloy silver NPs, the wavelength of surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peak shifted from 400 nm to 395 nm. The UV–vis absorption spectra at different aging times revealed that pure Ag colloidal solution is relatively stable. Both colloidal solutions exhibited a similar pattern of photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra with peaks in the blue region.
Dilaton-axion inflation with PBHs and GWs
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss two-stage dilaton-axion inflation models [1] and describe α-attractor models with either exponential or polynomial approach to the plateau.
We implement one of the models of primordial black hole production proposed in [2] in the α-attractor context, and develop its supergravity version. The predictions of this model following from its polynomial attractor properties are: ns
and r are α-independent, r depends on the mass parameter μ defining the approach to the plateau. The tachyonic instability at the transition point between the two stages of inflation is proportional to the negative curvature of the hyperbolic space ℛK
= -2/3α. Therefore
the masses of primordial black holes (PBHs) and the frequencies of small-scale gravitational waves (GWs) in this model show significant dependence on α.
Analysis of Ground Level Enhancement Events of 1989 September 29; 2001 April 15 and 2005 January 20
Authors: Ugwoke R. E. , Ubachukwu A. A. , Urama J. O. , Okike O. , Alhassan J. A. , Chukwude A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the results of analyses of the ground level enhancements (GLEs) of cosmic ray (CR) events on 1989 September 29; 2001 April 15 and 2005 January 20. This involves examination of hourly raw CR counts of an array of neutron monitors (NMs) spread across different geographical latitudes and longitudes. Using awk script and computer codes implemented in R software, the pressure corrected raw data plots of the NMs were grouped into low-, mid- and high-latitudes. The results show both similarities and differences in the structural patterns of the GLE signals. In an attempt to explain why the CR count during the decay phase of GLEs is always higher than the count before peak, we interpreted all counts prior to the peak as coming from direct solar neutrons and those in the decay phase including the peak as coming from secondary CR neutrons generated by the interactions of primary CRs with the atoms and molecules in the atmosphere. We identified NMs that detected these primary neutrons and found that they are close in longitude. Previous authors seemingly identified these two species as impulsive and gradual events. Although there are a number of unexplained manifestations of GLE signals, some of the results suggest that geomagnetic rigidity effectively determines the intensity of CRs at low- and mid-latitudes. Its impact is apparently insignificant in high-latitude regions. Nevertheless, the results presented should be validated before making any firm statements. Principally, the contributions of the ever-present and intractable CR diurnal anisotropies to GLE signals should be accounted for in future work.
Photometric Analysis of Three Potential Red Nova Progenitors
Authors: Wadhwa Surjit S. , De Horta Ain , Filipović Miroslav D. , Tothill N. F. H. , Arbutina Bojan , Petrović Jelena , Djurašević Gojko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present photometric analysis of three bright red nova progenitor contact binary systems: ASAS J082151-0612.6, TYC 7281-269-1 and TYC 7275-1968-1. The primary components in all three systems are solar-type low mass stars with radii somewhat larger than their zero age main sequence counterparts. The secondaries, as in most contact binary systems, have radii and luminosities well above their main sequence counterparts. All three have extremely low mass ratios ranging from 0.075 to 0.097 and two have high degrees of contact, in excess of 75%. All three have mass ratios and separations below the theoretical values for orbital stability. Chromospheric activity, a hallmark of magnetic activity and magnetic braking, considered important in mediating angular momentum loss, is also explored. All three systems demonstrate the O’Connell effect, and all systems require the introduction of star spots for a better light curve solution. In addition, we show that ASAS J082151-0612.6 and TYC 7281-269-1 have a UV color excess in the range indicating high chromospheric activity. Another measure of potential significant magnetic activity is X-ray luminosity; TYC 7275-1968-1 and probably also TYC 7281-269-1 have X-ray luminosity well above other contact binary systems. We conclude that it is likely that all three are unstable and hence are potential merger candidates.
Gyrokinetic modelling of the Alfvén mode activity in ASDEX Upgrade with an isotropic slowing-down fast-particle distribution
Authors: Vannini F. , Biancalani A. , Bottino A. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Lauber P. , Mishchenko A. , Poli E. , Rettino B. , Vlad G. , Wang X. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, the evolution of the Alfvén modes (AMs) is studied in a realistic ASDEX Upgrade equilibrium by analyzing the results of simulations with the global, electromagnetic, gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5. The energetic particles (EPs) are modelled both via the newly implemented isotropic slowing-down and with Maxwellian distribution functions. The comparison of the numerical results shows that modelling the EPs with the equivalent Maxwellian rather than with the slowing-down, does not significantly affect the frequency of the driven AM, while its growth rate appears to be underestimated with a quantitative difference as large as almost 30%. Additionally the choice of the isotropic slowing-down allows a better description of the nonlinear modification of the dominant AM frequency, while an equivalent Maxwellian underestimates it. A good comparison with the experimental spectrogram is found.
Computer Modelling of Intrinsic Defects and Th Incorporation in MgF2: What we can Learn from Atomistic Modelling and DFT Approaches
Authors: Jackson R A , Valerio M E G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The doping of MgF2 with the 229 isotope of Th is of interest in the development of nuclear clock devices. This paper describes atomistic modelling of MgF2, its intrinsic defects and Th doping, and compares the results with a recent study using Density Functional Theory (DFT).
Multi-scale simulations and phase stability prediction of mixed Li2S1-xSex system
Authors: Masedi M C , Ngoepe P E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a popular Li-ion alternative because they have a high capacity (1672 mAhg1) and energy density (2500 Wh kg1) while being inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and lightweight [1–3]. During cycling, Li/S is hampered by the low conductivity of S and the solubility of intermediary polysulfide species. Se and mixed SexSy have been shown to offer an appealing new class of cathode materials with good electrochemical performance in both Li and Na ion processes [4]. These new Se and Li/SexSy electrodes can cycle at ambient temperature, unlike existing Li/S batteries, which can only operate at high temperatures. Room temperature cycling is possible using Li/SexSy electrodes. Empirical interatomic potentials of Li2S were generated and confirmed against existing experimental and predicted structure, elastic properties, and phonon spectra in order to analyse large systems and the impact of temperature effectively. Complex high-temperature changes including Li2S melting were also replicated, as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations.
Computer Modelling of Defects in Ba2YNbO6
Authors: Figueiredo Derinaldo S. , Mattos Emanuel Felipe dos S. , Araujo Romel M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The structural properties of Ba2YNbO6 were adjusted and compared with experimental data through an interatomic potential that was optimized here and is based on a model known as the shell model used in this work for oxygen ions. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects were calculated based on the minimization of the crystal lattice energy through computational modeling. Calculations showed that rare earth ions prefer to incorporate the Y3+ site and Mn4+ the Nb5+ site, thus being more energetically favorable.
Study of the dielectric relaxation mechanisms in KNbO3-based electro-ceramics
Authors: Silva M C O , Silva A C , Oliveira M A , Mendez-González Y , M’Peko J-C , Hernandes A C , Guerra J D S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electro-ceramics based on the KNbO3 ferroelectric system were synthesized from the solid-state reaction sintering method. In particular, the electrical properties have been investigated at room temperature in the (1−x)KNbO3−xBaNi1/2Nb1/2O3−δ (KBNN) solid-solution. The dielectric relaxation mechanisms have been analyzed as a function of the oxygen vacancy (δ) concentration and the frequency dispersion of the complex dielectric permittivity was analyzed in a wide frequency range. The obtained results were discussed within the framework of the current models reported in the literature for the dielectric relaxation processes.
Structural study of the La-modified AgNbO3 lead-free ceramic system
Authors: Jesus K F S , Silva A C , Mendez-González Y , Guerra J D S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The structural properties in Ag1−x
La
x
NbO3 ceramics (where x = 0.005) have been systematically investigated at room temperature by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Raman spectroscopy. The studied sample has been synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method. The XRD result confirmed the formation of a single-phase with orthorhombic crystal structure for the studied composition. The signature of the Raman spectrum revealed structural modification with the inclusion of the doping element, with respect to the pure AgNbO3 system, showing additional modes in the middle wavenumbers range (570–758 cm−1).
On the structural characteristics of 45S5-xSFO bioglass-ceramic composites for medical applications
Authors: Santos L L , Mendez-González Y , Silva A C , Oliveira R C , Dantas N O , Guerra J D S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bioactive ferromagnetic glass-ceramics composites have been prepared through the combination of the quenching and solid-state reaction (SSR) sintering methods, viewing their integration in biomedical applications. The material under study consists of a glassy system with the chemical formula (94-2x)SiO2−xNa2O−xCaO-6P2O5, which acts as host-matrix for the magnetic phase (strontium ferrite). The samples were obtained by a modified incorporation technique, where the magnetic phase, previously synthetized by the SSR method, was added to the glass-matrix in desired proportions. The physical properties were investigated considering the analysis of the X-ray diffraction as well as Raman spectroscopy techniques, both performed at room temperature. Results revealed the formation of partially crystallized bioglass-ceramics, with a strong influence of the magnetic phase on the crystallization kinetics, which suggests the obtained bioactive composites promising materials for clinical treatments.
Synthesis and characterization of Bi1−xLaxFeO3multiferroic thin films
Authors: Mariano M A S , Mendez-González Y , Silva A C , Guerra J D S 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLanthanum modified BiFeO3thin films were prepared via the sol-gel method and deposited through the dip-coating technique on ITO coated substrates. The structural properties were investigated at room temperature from X-ray diffraction as well as Raman spectroscopy. Results confirm the formation of the perovskite structure without secondary phases, thus corroborating the high-quality of the obtained thin films. Well-defined and nanometric scale grains have been obtained from atomic force microscopy, revealing indeed crack-free surfaces. From the technological point of view, this result is very important since residual stresses promoted by surface cracks led to additional conduction behavior, which could affect the real electric response of the sample to be used in electronic devices.
Performance of photosensors in a high-rate environment for gas Cherenkov detectors
Authors: Peng C. , Xie J. , Joosten S. , Meziani Z.-E. , Jones M. , Kaczanowicz E. , Rehfuss M. , Sparveris N. , Paolone M. , Foley M. , Minot M. , Popecki M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) at Jefferson Lab will push the boundaries of luminosity for a large-acceptance detector, which necessitates the use of a light-gas threshold Cherenkov counter for online event selection. Due to the high luminosity, the single-photon background rate in this counter can exceed 160 kHz/cm2 at the photosensors. Therefore, it is essential to validate the high-rate limits of the planned photosensors and readout electronics in order to mitigate the risk of failure. We report on the design and an early set of studies carried out using a small Cherenkov counter in a high-rate environment up to 60 kHz/cm2, in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. Commercially available multi-anode photomultipliers (MaPMT) and low-cost large-area picosecond photodetectors (LAPPD) were tested using the JLab FADC250 modules for readout. The test beam results show that the MaPMT array and the internal stripline LAPPD can detect and identify single-electron and pair-production events in high-rate environments. Due to its higher quantum efficiency, the MaPMT array provided a better separation between the single-electron and the pair-production events compared to the internal stripline LAPPD. A GEANT4 simulation confirms the beam test performance of our counter device.
Biomaterials with stiffness gradient for interface tissue engineering
Authors: Cai Jialun , Wang Junjuan , Sun Chenxuan , Dai Jianwu , Zhang Can 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interface tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that aims to develop engineered tissue alternates with the goal of promoting integration between multiple tissue types. Engineering interface tissues is a challenging process, which requires biomaterials with specific composition, stiffness, cell types, and biochemical molecules. Among these, stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior. Especially these substrates with graded stiffness are advantageous since they allow multiple cell types differentiation and the following tissue development. In this review, we highlight various types of manufacturing techniques that can be applied to fabricate scaffolds with stiffness gradient, discuss methods to characterize them, and gradient biomaterials for regulating cellular behavior including attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We also address fundamentals of interface tissue organization, and stiffness gradient biomaterials for interface tissue regeneration. Potential challenges and future prospects of this emerging field are also included.
Comparison of microscale traffic emission models for urban networks
Authors: Quaassdorff Christina , Smit Robin , Borge Rafael , Hausberger Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Traffic-related air quality issues remain in urban areas worldwide. For this reason, there is an increasing need to estimate the contribution of road traffic to atmospheric emissions at local level with high temporal and spatial resolution. Modal models compute emission rates as a function of specific engine or vehicle operating conditions at the highest resolution (seconds). They can be applied for microscale studies being a cost-effective tool to emulate differences in emissions levels in road networks. Two modal emission models, the Australian PΔP (Power-delta-Power) and the simplified version of the European PHEM (Passenger Car and Heavy-duty Emission Model), PHEM-light model, have been used. Also, a comparison to the cycle-variable emission model VERSIT+micro (Netherlands organisation for applied scientific research state of the art traffic emission model) has been performed. For the comparison of both modal models, the main variables involved in traffic emission calculation were identified. 1 Hz speed-time profiles for individual vehicles were generated with the traffic microsimulation model VISSIM (Vehrkehr in Statden SIMulation) for different traffic conditions. To understand the response of modal models, detailed estimations of NO
X
emissions and fuel consumption were compared for different vehicle classes. Instantaneous emission profiles for individual driving patterns are highly sensitive to speed-acceleration profiles, vehicle mass, and road gradient, which are essential variables for the emission calculation. Although there are differences between European and Australian models, engine power and load were used to map vehicle classes for a more consistent comparison. It is essential to accurately define these parameters for each vehicle class in addition to detailed driving patterns to obtain high-resolution emissions estimates. In this sense, a larger number of vehicle classes included in the model provides more flexibility to develop representative emissions estimates. Emission predictions between modal models were reasonably consistent presenting larger differences with the cycle-variable model, despite both modal models being based on different on-road fleet measurements. In conclusion, analysing emission estimations for different traffic conditions demonstrates the importance of an accurate definition of the model parameters for a specific vehicle fleet.
ABM-IAM: optimal climate policy under bounded rationality and multiple inequalities
Authors: Safarzyńska Karolina , van den Bergh Jeroen C J M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite considerable concern about potentially inequitable effects of climate policy, models fall short in assessing their implications for policy design. To address this issue, we develop an agent-based climate-economy model, ABM-IAM, as a disaggregated, behavioural approach to integrated climate assessment. It describes networks of heterogeneous consumers, banks, power plants and firms, and is calibrated on patterns of growth and carbon dioxide emissions generated by the DICE model of Nordhaus. Whereas the latter assumes full employment and abstains from a financial sector and inequality considerations, our approach relaxes these restrictions to obtain a more reliable assessment of climate policy impacts. We show that inequalities in labour and capital income serve as essential but overlooked links between climate-change damages and optimal climate policy. Our result show that lower inequalities of labour income increase the social cost of carbon (SCC), while the impact of capital income inequalities on the SCC depends on the share of population receiving capital rents.