bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating adiponectin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐related liver fibrosis: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tontikidou Christina , Makri Evangelia S , Evripidou Kleo , Goulis Dimitrios G , Goulas Antonis , Polyzos Stergios A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThere are conflicting data on adiponectin concentrations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main aim was to compare circulating total adiponectin concentrations in NAFLD patients with versus without liver fibrosis.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Twenty‐two studies comprising 1753 biopsy‐proven NAFLD individuals (1290 with and 463 without fibrosis) were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsThere was no difference in adiponectin concentration between NAFLD patients with versus without fibrosis (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.35 to 0.05). Heterogeneity was moderate among studies (Ι2: 60%, P < 0.001); no risk of publication bias was observed (Egger's test; P = 0.37). The sensitivity analysis, performed after the exclusion of studies with (i) children/adolescents and morbidly obese patients (n = 3) and (ii) adiponectin measurement with other methods than enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 9), revealed significantly lower adiponectin concentrations in NAFLD patients with fibrosis (i) SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.04; (ii) SMD: ‐0.30, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.04, respectively). Meta‐regression analysis revealed no significant association of adiponectin SMD with age, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl‐transferase, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and the proportion of men.ConclusionsOverall, patients with NAFLD and fibrosis had similar adiponectin concentrations with patients with NAFLD without fibrosis. However, adiponectin concentration was lower in NAFLD patients with fibrosis than those without fibrosis within the adult patients without morbid obesity and in studies in which adiponectin was measured with the same method (ELISA).
A playbook for effective age advocacy on Twitter
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole , Liu Luyao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral to raising awareness of ageism are advocacy organizations dedicated to serving the needs and interests of older adults. Although many of these organizations have cultivated an online presence, inquiry into the effectiveness of age advocacy work on social media remains an untapped area. Our foray into this topic explores how different tweet features predict the level of engagement of posts uploaded by age advocacy organizations on Twitter.MethodsTweets (N = 403,426) were collected from 53 accounts and spanned 12 years from July 2009 to October 2021. After applying our exclusion criteria, 204,905 tweets were retained for analysis. We analyzed the tweet features (predictors) and engagement level (outcome variable) using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsTweets with higher engagement are those with a URL, with at least three hashtags, with visuals (GIF, photo, or video), which are quote tweets, and which are posted in the evening or at night Central Standard Time (CST), adjusting for account‐level variables (e.g., follower count). Conversely, tweets with more than one mention, which are replies and which are uploaded in the morning are associated with lower engagement.ConclusionThe rise of digital media means that advocates have the opportunity to communicate their messages to reach a critical mass. This is the first known study to offer an evidence‐informed playbook for age advocacy organizations to optimize outreach efforts by maximizing online engagement. These results represent a crucial step in ongoing efforts to tackle ageism, an issue that has long been under‐discussed.
Diabetes and cancer: Optimising glycaemic control
Authors: Joharatnam‐Hogan Nalinie , Morganstein Daniel L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetes and cancer are both common and increasingly prevalent conditions, but emerging epidemiological evidence confirms that the risk of developing a number of common cancers is increased in those with type 2 diabetes. The risk of cancer in type 1 diabetes is less clearly defined, and therefore this review focuses on type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also supports an influence of diabetes on outcomes of cancer treatment. However, this relationship is bi‐directional, with cancer and its treatment impacting on glucose control, whereas there is also emerging evidence indicating that diabetes care can deteriorate after a cancer diagnosis. Despite these clear links, there is a lack of evidence to guide clinicians in how to manage patients with diabetes during their cancer treatment. Although recent UK guidelines have started to address this, with the development of guidance for the management of hyperglycaemia in cancer, there is a clear need for wider guidance on the management of multi‐morbidity during cancer, including diabetes and obesity, to incorporate nutritional management. We have therefore undertaken a narrative review of the evidence of links between type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence and outcomes, and discuss the challenges to diabetes care during cancer treatment.
Economías inflamables en tiempos de COVID‐19: La reventa de gasolina en la frontera de Venezuela–Brasil
Authors: Morillo Ramos Morelia , van Roekel Eva 
Published: June 2022

ResumenLa reventa de gasolina brasilera en la frontera Venezuela–Brasil es un acontecimiento emergente que facilita el entendimiento sociopolítico nuevo de las estrategias de sobrevivencia locales más allá de la resiliencia social e informalidad en tiempos de crisis. Esta actividad económica pertenece a un modo altamente cambiante de vivir que se da en estos espacios transfronterizos en donde el oro es el principal eslabón de una cadena comercial que enlaza diversas economías subterráneas. Basado en una investigación etnográfica y colaborativa, en este artículo mostramos que la reventa de gasolina se da aún con mayor virulencia en tiempos de crisis múltiples y fronteras cerradas, situaciones agudizadas por el contexto pandémico actual, convirtiendo economías subterráneas ya existentes más bien en “economías inflamables”. Con ello nos referimos a una economía informal en tiempos de crisis, sumamente volátil y contagiosa, cuyos efectos proliferan avivados por la ambivalencia legal cada día más generalizada.
Histidine auxotroph mutant is defective for cell separation and allows the identification of crucial factors for cell division in Brucella abortus
Authors: Roba Agnès , Carlier Elodie , Godessart Pierre , Naili Cerine , De Bolle Xavier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pathogenic bacterium Brucella abortus invades and multiplies inside host cells. To grow inside host cells, B. abortus requires a functional histidine biosynthesis pathway. Here, we show that a B. abortus histidine auxotroph mutant also displays an unexpected chaining phenotype. The intensity of this phenotype varies according to the culture medium and is exacerbated inside host cells. Chains of bacteria consist of contiguous peptidoglycan, and likely result from the defective cleavage of peptidoglycan at septa. Genetic suppression of the chaining phenotype unearthed two essential genes with a role in B. abortus cell division: dipM and cdlP. Loss of function of dipM and cdlP generates swelling at the division site. While DipM is strictly localized at the division site, CdlP is localized at the growth pole and the division site. Altogether, the unexpected chaining phenotype of a hisB mutant allowed the discovery of new crucial actors in cell division in B. abortus.
Effects of maternal voice on painful procedures in preterm and full‐term infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Shenglan , Huang Xiuhua , Li Xue , Shen Yi , Yang Lili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreterm and full‐term infants are often exposed to painful procedures during their hospitalization and pain management should be implemented. Maternal voice is a kind of non‐pharmacologic pain management strategy. However, the efficacy of maternal voice on painful procedures is unclear.AimsTo evaluate the effects of maternal voice on painful procedures in preterm and full‐term infants.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses from inception to March 2022. Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. Random effects model was used for pooling data and the quality of outcomes was assessed by GRADE evidence profiles.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis with 323 participants in the intervention groups and 325 in the control groups. The results showed that maternal voice could reduce pain levels during and until 10 min after painful procedures compared with routine care (SMD = −0.78, 95%CI [−1.12, −0.44], Z = 4.44, p < .00001; SMD = −0.36, 95%CI [−0.66, −0.06], Z = 2.33, p = .02; SMD = −0.87, 95%CI [−1.40, −0.34], Z = 3.20, p = .001; SMD = −0.94, 95%CI [−1.48, −0.41], Z = 3.44, p = .0006; SMD = −1.30, 95%CI [−1.59, −1.01], Z = 8.76, p < .00001, respectively). Patients in maternal voice group had a lower increase in heart rate during and until 2 min after painful procedures (all p < .05). Oxygen saturation was significantly higher in maternal voice group during and until 4 min after painful procedures (all p < .05). The results revealed that maternal voice showed statistically significant effects in respiratory rate and comfort levels during the painful procedures (all p < .05).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis indicated that maternal voice was effective in reducing procedural pain levels. The vital signs of patients in maternal voice group were more stable.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMaternal voice can be used as an effective non‐pharmacologic intervention to alleviate procedural pain for preterm and full‐term infants during their hospitalization. Because the quality of synthesized evidence was ‘moderate’ to ‘very low’, larger sample size and high quality studies are warranted.
Is there an epistemic advantage to being oppressed?
Authors: Dror Lidal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDo the oppressed have an epistemic advantage when it comes to knowing about the systems that oppress them? If so, what explains this advantage? In this paper, I consider whether an epistemic advantage can be derived from the oppressed's contingent tendency to have more relevant experiences and motivation than the non‐oppressed; or, alternatively, whether an advantage derives from the oppressed's very lived experience, thus being in principle unavailable to the non‐oppressed. I then explore the potential role of knowledge‐how for explaining an epistemic advantage. Ultimately, I conclude that the oppressed tend to have a contingent advantage, while rejecting that they have one in principle, except for when their phenomenological experience has an effect on the veracity of the claims they make. This has the important upshot that privileged people are not epistemically disadvantaged in principle and are thus often blameworthy for their ignorance about oppression.
What does person‐centred care mean, if you weren't considered a person anyway: An engagement with person‐centred care and Black, queer, feminist, and posthuman approaches
Authors: Smith Jamie B. , Willis Eva‐Maria , Hopkins‐Walsh Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the prominence of person‐centred care (PCC) in nursing, there is no general agreement on the assumptions and the meaning of PCC. We sympathize with the work of others who rethink PCC towards relational, embedded, and temporal selfhood rather than individual personhood. Our perspective addresses criticism of humanist assumptions in PCC using critical posthumanism as a diffraction from dominant values We highlight the problematic realities that might be produced in healthcare, leading to some people being more likely to be disenfranchised from healthcare than others. We point to the colonial, homo‐ and transphobic, racist, ableist, and ageist consequences of humanist traditions that have influenced the development of PCC. We describe the deep rooted conditions that structurally uphold inequality and undermine nursing practice that PCC reproduces. We advocate for the self‐determination of patients and emphasize that we support the fundamental mechanisms of PCC enabling patients' choice; however, without critical introspection, these are limited to a portion of humans. Last, we present limitations of our perspective based on our white*‐cisheteropatriarchy** positionality. We point to the fact that any reimagining of models such as PCC should be carefully done by listening, following, and ceding power to people with diversity dimensions*** and the lived experience or expertise that exists from diverse perspectives. We point towards Black, queer feminism, and critical disabilities studies to contextualize our point of critique with humanism and PCC to amplify equity for all people and communities. Theory and philosophy are useful to understand restrictive factors in healthcare delivery and to inform systematic strategies to improve the quality of care so as not to perpetuate the oppression of groups of people with diversity dimensions. *We purposely capitalize Black and use lower case for white to decentre whiteness and as an intentional act of antiracism (see White Homework a podcast series by Tori W. Douglas). **Cisheteropatriarchy describes people with intersecting identities of dominant social groups; cisgender is the gender identity that aligns with the gender you were assigned at birth, hetero means heterosexual, and patriarchy refers to structural systems of power based on maleness where women are often excluded and hold less power. ***With diversity dimensions, we refer to subjective lived experience and material realities of people that exist outside the ‘dominant minorities' of white‐cisheteropatriarchy, meaning groups of people in society who historically and currently hold more power and through this, structurally dominate the norms and possibilities of living for other people.
Between spin doctor and information provider: Conceptualizing communication professionals in government ministries
Authors: Figenschou Tine U. , Karlsen Rune , Kolltveit Kristoffer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommunication professionals are increasingly found within government ministries. Based on classic work on bureaucracy and recent literature on mediatization and personalization, this article develops two ideal types: the government information provider and government spin doctor. These ideals are constituted by six dimensions: recruitment criteria, values, loyalties, reputational concerns, interactions, and tasks. A study of nonpartisan communication professionals in Norwegian ministries is used to illustrate the empirical relevance of the ideal types. The analysis shows that for loyalties and reputational concerns, Norwegian communication professionals resemble the government information provider. Regarding interactions and tasks, they resemble the government spin doctor. For recruitment criteria and values, the picture is mixed. The empirical application thereby illustrates a fruitful aspect of the framework as certain configurations will bring forth inbuilt tension in communication professionals' role. The framework allows a fine‐grained approach to extend ongoing debates of appropriate and inappropriate practices of communication professionals in ministries.
Advanced pathway engineering for phototrophic putrescine production
Authors: Freudenberg Robert A. , Wittemeier Luisa , Einhaus Alexander , Baier Thomas , Kruse Olaf 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe polyamine putrescine (1,4‐diaminobutane) contributes to cellular fitness in most organisms, where it is derived from the amino acids ornithine or arginine. In the chemical industry, putrescine serves as a versatile building block for polyamide synthesis. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates relatively high putrescine amounts, which, together with recent advances in genetic engineering, enables the generation of a powerful green cell factory to promote sustainable biotechnology for base chemical production. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the native putrescine metabolism in C. reinhardtii, leading to the first CO2‐based bio‐production of putrescine, by employing modern synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies. A CRISPR/Cas9‐based knockout of key enzymes of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway identified ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) as a gatekeeper for putrescine accumulation and demonstrated that the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) route is likely inactive and that amine oxidase 2 (AMX2) is mainly responsible for putrescine degradation in C. reinhardtii. A 4.5‐fold increase in cellular putrescine levels was achieved by engineered overexpression of potent candidate ornithine decarboxylases (ODCs). We identified unexpected substrate promiscuity in two bacterial ODCs, which exhibited co‐production of cadaverine and 4‐aminobutanol. Final pathway engineering included overexpression of recombinant arginases for improved substrate availability as well as functional knockout of putrescine degradation, which resulted in a 10‐fold increase in cellular putrescine titres and yielded 200 mg/L in phototrophic high cell density cultivations after 10 days.
Predictive competitive intelligence with prerelease online search traffic
Authors: Schaer Oliver , Kourentzes Nikolaos , Fildes Robert 
Published: June 2022

In today's competitive market environment, it is vital for companies to gain insight about competitors' new product launches. Past studies have demonstrated the predictive value of prerelease online search traffic (PROST) for new product forecasting. Relying on these findings and the public availability of PROST, we investigate its usefulness for estimating sales of competing products. We propose a model for predicting the success of competitors' product launches, based on own past product sales data and competitor's prerelease Google Trends. We find that PROST increases predictive accuracy by more than 18% compared to models that only use internally available sales data and product characteristics of video game sales. We conclude that this inexpensive source of competitive intelligence can be helpful when managing the marketing mix and planning new product releases.
Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants
Authors: Scott Samuel , Cahoon Edgar B. , Busta Lucas 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYPlants are able to construct lineage‐specific natural products from a wide array of their core metabolic pathways. Considerable progress has been made toward documenting and understanding, for example, phenylpropanoid natural products derived from phosphoenolpyruvate via the shikimate pathway, terpenoid compounds built using isopentyl pyrophosphate, and alkaloids generated by the extensive modification of amino acids. By comparison, natural products derived from fatty acids have received little attention, except for unusual fatty acids in seed oils and jasmonate‐like oxylipins. However, scattered but numerous reports show that plants are able to generate many structurally diverse compounds from fatty acids, including some with highly elaborate and unique structural features that have novel bioproduct functionalities. Furthermore, although recent work has shed light on multiple new fatty acid natural product biosynthesis pathways and products in diverse plant species, these discoveries have not been reviewed. The aims of this work, therefore, are to (i) review and systematize our current knowledge of the structures and biosynthesis of fatty acid‐derived natural products that are not seed oils or jasmonate‐type oxylipins, specifically, polyacetylenic, very‐long‐chain, and aromatic fatty acid‐derived natural products, and (ii) suggest priorities for future investigative steps that will bring our knowledge of fatty acid‐derived natural products closer to the levels of knowledge that we have attained for other phytochemical classes.
The regional whole blood program in San Antonio, TX: A 3‐year update on prehospital and in‐hospital transfusion practices for traumatic and non‐traumatic hemorrhage
Authors: Braverman Maxwell A. , Smith Allison A. , Ciaraglia Angelo V. , Radowsky Jason S. , Schauer Steven G. , Sams Valerie G. , Greebon Leslie J. , Shiels Michael D. , Jonas Rachelle Babbitt , Ngamsuntikul Samantha , Waltman Elizabeth , Epley Eric , Rose Tracee , Bynum James A. , Cap Andre P. , Eastridge Brian J. , Stewart Ronald M. , Jenkins Donald H. , Nicholson Susannah E. ,   the San Antonio Whole Blood Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractLow titer type O Rh‐D + whole blood (LTO + WB) has become a first‐line resuscitation medium for hemorrhagic shock in many centers around the World. Showing early effectiveness on the battlefield, LTO + WB is used in both the pre‐hospital and in‐hospital settings for traumatic and non‐traumatic hemorrhage resuscitation. Starting in 2018, the San Antonio Whole Blood Collaborative has worked to provide LTO + WB across Southwest Texas, initially in the form of remote damage control resuscitation followed by in‐hospital trauma resuscitation. This program has since expanded to include pediatric trauma resuscitation, obstetric hemorrhage, females of childbearing potential, and non‐traumatic hemorrhage. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a three‐year update on the successes and expansion of this system and outline resuscitation challenges in special populations.
Receipt of at least 4 units of low titer group O whole blood with titer <100 does not lead to hemolysis in adult trauma patients
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Corcos Alain , L Sperry Jason , Triulzi Darrell J. , Leeper Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe serological safety of transfusing low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) with an anti‐A and anti‐B titer of <100 was evaluated in group O and non‐group O trauma recipients.MethodsCivilian adult trauma patients who received ≥4 units of leukoreduced LTOWB during their initial resuscitation and who survived for >24 h after admission at two level 1 trauma centers were included in this retrospective study. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, haptoglobin, potassium, creatinine were evaluated on the day of LTOWB transfusion (day 0) and on the next 3 days.ResultsThere were 77 injured recipients evaluated: 39 non‐group O and 38 group O. The median (IQR) number of transfused LTOWB units was 4 (4–6) and 4 (4–5), respectively, and the maximum number of units was 8 and 11, respectively. The non‐group O patients received a median (IQR) volume of 1710 ml (1368–2070) of ABO‐incompatible plasma. Comparing non‐group O to group O recipients, there were no significant differences in the median haptoglobin, LDH, or creatinine concentrations at any time point. The median concentration of total bilirubin was significantly higher amongst the non‐group O recipients on days 1 and 2, while on day 0 the median potassium concentration was significantly higher amongst the group O recipients. All median elevated values were within the laboratory's normal range. Amongst the non‐group O recipients there were no reported transfusion reactions.ConclusionReceiving at least four LTOWB units (anti‐A&B titer <100) was not associated with biochemical/clinical evidence of hemolysis in adult trauma patients.