bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double gate operation of metal nanodot array based single electron device
Authors: Gyakushi Takayuki , Amano Ikuma , Tsurumaki-Fukuchi Atsushi , Arita Masashi , Takahashi Yasuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultidot single-electron devices (SEDs) can enable new types of computing technologies, such as those that are reconfigurable and reservoir-computing. A self-assembled metal nanodot array film that is attached to multiple gates is a candidate for use in such SEDs for achieving high functionality. However, the single-electron properties of such a film have not yet been investigated in conjunction with optimally controlled multiple gates because of the structural complexity of incorporating many nanodots. In this study, Fe nanodot-array-based double-gate SEDs were fabricated by vacuum deposition, and their single-electron properties (modulated by the top- and bottom-gate voltages; VT and VB, respectively) were investigated. The phase of the Coulomb blockade oscillation systematically shifted with VT, indicating that the charge state of the single dot was controlled by both the gate voltages despite the metallic random multidot structure. This result demonstrates that the Coulomb blockade oscillation (originating from the dot in the multidot array) can be modulated by the two gates. The top and bottom gates affected the electronic state of the dot unevenly owing to the geometrical effect caused by the following: (1) vertically asymmetric dot shape and (2) variation of the dot size (including the surrounding dots). This is a characteristic feature of a nanodot array that uses self-assembled metal dots; for example, prepared by vacuum deposition. Such variations derived from a randomly distributed nanodot array will be useful in enhancing the functionality of multidot devices.
Blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone
Authors: Frey Lorenz , Menon Carlo , Elgendi Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHypertension is an immense challenge in public health. As one of the most prevalent medical conditions worldwide, it is a major cause of premature death. At present, the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension are subject to several limitations. In this review, we conducted a literature search on blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone, which has the potential to overcome current limitations and thus pave the way for long-term ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on a large scale. Among the 333 articles identified, we included 25 relevant articles over the past decade (November 2011–November 2021) and analyzed the described approaches to the types of underlying data recorded with smartphone sensors, the signal processing techniques applied to construct the desired signals, the features extracted from the constructed signals, and the algorithms used to estimate blood pressure. In addition, we analyzed the validation of the proposed methods against reference blood pressure measurements. We further examined and compared the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Among the 25 articles, 23 propose an approach that requires direct contact between the sensor and the subject and two articles propose a contactless approach based on facial videos. The sample sizes in the identified articles range from three to 3000 subjects, where 8 articles used sample sizes of 85 or more subjects. Furthermore, 10 articles include hypertensive subjects in their participant pools. The methodologies applied for the evaluation of blood pressure measurement accuracy vary considerably among the analyzed articles. There is no consistency regarding the methods for blood pressure data collection and the reference blood pressure measurement and validation. Moreover, no established protocol is currently available for the validation of blood pressure measuring technologies using only a smartphone. We conclude the review with a discussion of the results and with recommendations for future research on the topic.
A panel of nanobodies recognizing conserved hidden clefts of all SARS-CoV-2 spike variants including Omicron
Authors: Maeda Ryota , Fujita Junso , Konishi Yoshinobu , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Anzai Itsuki , Watanabe Tokiko , Yamaguchi Keishi , Kasai Kazuki , Nagata Kayoko , Yamaoka Yutaro , Miyakawa Kei , Ryo Akihide , Shirakawa Kotaro , Sato Kei , Makino Fumiaki , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Imura Akihiro , Namba Keiichi , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe are amid the historic coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Imbalances in the accessibility of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics among countries, regions, and populations, and those in war crises, have been problematic. Nanobodies are small, stable, customizable, and inexpensive to produce. Herein, we present a panel of nanobodies that can detect the spike proteins of five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron. Here we show via ELISA, lateral flow, kinetic, flow cytometric, microscopy, and Western blotting assays that our nanobodies can quantify the spike variants. This panel of nanobodies broadly neutralizes viral infection caused by pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Structural analyses show that the P86 clone targets epitopes that are conserved yet unclassified on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and contacts the N-terminal domain (NTD). Human antibodies rarely access both regions; consequently, the clone buries hidden crevasses of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins that go undetected by conventional antibodies.
Dimensionale Erfassung des individuellen Erlebens kriegs- und
vertreibungsbezogener sexualisierter Gewalt und ihrer Folgen bei
männlichen Betroffenen: Eine narrative
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Schönenberg Kim Hella , Glaesmer Heide , Nesterko Yuriy 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungMännliche Betroffene von kriegs- und vertreibungsbezogener sexualisierter
Gewalt stellen eine aus psychologischer Sicht stark belastete Population dar.
Offenlegungshürden seitens der Patienten und eine unzureichende
Sensibilität der Behandler1 für
die Betroffenheit von Männern können eine adäquate
Traumadiagnostik erschweren. Auf Grundlage einer narrativen
Literaturübersicht werden relevante Charakteristika der Gewalt und ihr
Bezug zur Diagnostik an acht Dimensionen des individuellen Gewalterlebens
(Gewaltform, Häufigkeit und Schweregrad, Täter-Opfer-Kontext,
Gesellschaftliche Diskriminierung, Subjektive Bewertung,
Männlichkeitskonzept, Kulturspezifische Normen, Traumafolgen)
herausgearbeitet. Die exemplarische Darstellung der Dimensionen erfolgt an einem
Fallbeispiel. Zur gründlichen Erfassung der sexualisierten
Gewalterfahrungen bedarf es der Sensibilität bei praktisch
Tätigen für die Anzeichen männlicher Gewaltbetroffenheit
und der regelhaften Erfassung sexualisierter Gewalt auch bei männlichen
Patienten. Dabei sind die Sicherheit über die Vertraulichkeit der
offengelegten Informationen sowie die Anerkennung des Unrechts von zentraler
Bedeutung für die Betroffenen. Langfristig bedarf es der Entwicklung
spezialisierter Hilfsangebote für männliche Betroffene.
Is Wrist Arthroscopy Safer with the Nanoscope?
Authors: Munaretto Nicholas , Hinchcliff Katharine , Dutton Lauren , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Nanoscope, given its smaller size, may be safer when establishing dorsal wrist arthroscopy portals compared with the traditional 2.7 mm arthroscope.
Case Description Ten fresh frozen cadaver specimens were utilized. Dorsal radiocarpal portals were established with the Nanoscope and calipers were used to measure the distance between the portals and the surrounding anatomical structures. The only structure that was pierced during portal placement was the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve (DSUN) in one specimen when establishing the 6U portal. Our study did not note any tendon injuries.
Literature Review Traditional wrist arthroscopy may be performed with a 2.7 mm arthroscope. With its larger outer sheath cannula, this may place adjacent anatomical structures at risk of injury.
Clinical Relevance During wrist arthroscopy, the Nanoscope may be safer when creating portals to underlying structures.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
A simple descriptor for magnetic classification of 2D MXene materials
Authors: Song Yi-Yan , Wu Xu-Cai , Li Shu-Zong , Sun Qingde , Zhang Wei-Bing 
Published: July 2022

Classification of the magnetic state is an essential step to investigate two-dimensional magnetic materials. Combining high-throughput calculations and machine-learning methods, we have classified the magnetic states of 23 825 MXenes in the aNANt database. A simple descriptor, obtained by averaging the product of the element feature, connectivity, and Coulomb matrix, was found to improve the performance of the machine-learning models. Using this descriptor on 4153 data produced using first-principles calculations, predictive machine-learning models were developed and 1432 MXene with a high saturation magnetization were predicted. The proposed descriptor is useful for the magnetic classification of other materials, and the identified magnetic MXene materials can be used as an important reference for further study.
Effect of cross-sectional geometry on the compression fatigue behavior of NiTi refrigerants
Authors: Zhou Guoan , Zhang Lingyun 
Published: July 2022

Elastocaloric refrigeration requires refrigerants with a good heat transfer ability and a high fatigue life. A million-level fatigue life can be normally obtained for NiTi refrigerants via compressive loading. However, existing compression-based NiTi elastocaloric prototypes only focus on tube refrigerants, and no research has been reported on the cross-sectional geometry design and its influence on the compression fatigue behavior of NiTi refrigerants. Here, we propose tubular NiTi refrigerants of hole-type, fin-type, and layer-type cross sections and compare their compression fatigue behavior with NiTi tubes of the same cross-sectional area under cyclic loading of 20 Hz and 900 MPa. Results show that to achieve a larger specific heat transfer area (SA), the compression fatigue life of NiTi tubes monotonically decreases because of the decrease in the wall-thickness, while the layer-type NiTi refrigerant maintains a relatively high fatigue life of 1.7 × 106 cycles at a high SA level (3.83 cm2 g−1). This gives us insight into enhancing elastocaloric refrigerants’ heat transfer ability and fatigue life via geometry design.
Multi-wavelength-tunable thulium-doped fiber laser generation based on dual-pass Mach–Zehnder and Sagnac loop hybrid filters
Authors: Qin Gaolin , Li Quancai , Wei Wei , Duan Junfa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A wavelength-tunable thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) based on a Mach–Zehnder (MZ) filter and Sagnac loop was proposed in this study. The dual-pass MZ fiber filter, and Sagnac loop were fabricated to operate as reflectors in a linear cavity. The laser operating threshold was set to 138 mW. A single-wavelength laser output with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of up to 38 dB was realized with a tuning range of 1854–1882 nm. The tuning range was obtained with a tuning interval of 6 nm by tuning the polarization controller (PC), which yielded a power shift of less than 0.42 dB. Stability of the single-wavelength center wavelength power fluctuation was less than 0.39 dB within 20 min. When the laser was operated in the dual-wavelength condition, the OSNR was more than 30.5 dB, and the power fluctuation was less than 0.89 dB within 20 min at room temperature. The tunable triple-wavelength laser emission could be realized experimentally by adjusting the PC, which yielded an OSNR of more than 30.8 dB. The proposed TDFL is suitable for fiber-sensing system applications.
Simulation of the multi-beam electron-beam wire-feed additive manufacturing process in a vacuum
Authors: Davlyatshin R P , Gerasimov R M , Bayandin Y V , Saucedo-Zendejo F R , Trushnikov D N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper considers modelling the wire deposition process with vertically fed wire by several symmetrically acting heat sources. We proposed the mathematical model to describe the above process, considering surface tension force, Marangoni force, vapor pressure force, and heat loss on evaporation. To solve the mathematical model, we use the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. We carried out a series of numerical experiments for modelling the melting process of vertically fed wire with two symmetrically acting heat sources with different power and direction of action of heat sources. We found that vertical wire feeding provides uniform heating with the absence of shaded areas and flexible control of heat input into the metal. On the other hand, the weld bead geometry characteristics significantly depend on the heat sources’ power and direction.
Influence of the parameters of the heat treatment mode on the structure formation and properties of the welded material for the alloy Ti-Al-V
Authors: Krivonosova E A , Olshanskaya T V , Akulova S N , Myshkina A V , Salomatova E S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to a topical problem related to the study of the main regularities of the formation of the structure and properties of the titanium alloy Ti-Al-V of the Ti-Al-V system in additive hybrid production technologies using plasma surfacing. The aim of this work is to study the effect of various types of heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the titanium alloy Ti-Al-V, obtained in the process of 3D printing.
Modeling of heat and mass transfer and electrons scattering in electron beam welding and additive manufacturing
Authors: Shcherbakov A V , Gaponova D A , Gudenko A V , Sliva A P , Rodyakina R V , Goncharov A L , Ovechnikov S A , Dragunov V K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The mathematical formulation of electron beam melting and liquid metal transfer model in wire-based additive manufacturing with temperature dependencies of thermophysical properties is described. A description of the model algorithmic implementation based on the use of numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations system and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for tracking the free surface of a liquid on the cubic mesh cells is given. An iterative method for calculating the pressure field that ensures the fulfillment of the incompressibility condition for a viscous fluid is described. The paper also paid attention to the description of methodology for calculating the forces acting on the free surface of the melt, including surface tension forces and metal vapor pressure forces. One of the key elements of the proposed model is method for volumetric distribution of electron losses calculating, considering their scattering during the interaction of an electron beam with a curved melt surface. Electron beam focusing influence on the distribution of energy losses and the dynamics of penetration channel formation has been studied. An algorithm for visualizing the free surface of the melt based on the use of the Gaussian function, is described.
Extrusion 3D printing of keratin protein hydrogels free of exogenous chemical agents
Authors: Brodin Erik , Boehmer Melanie , Prentice Alexandra , Neff Emily , McCoy Kathleen , Mueller Jens , Saul Justin , Sparks Jessica L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Keratins are a class of intermediate filament proteins that can be obtained from numerous sources including human hair. Materials fabricated from keratins offer desirable characteristics as scaffolds for tissue engineering, including intrinsic cell adhesion sequences and tunable degradation kinetics. The capacity to create 3D printed constructs from keratin-based bio-inks generates unique opportunities for spatial control of scaffold physicochemical properties to direct scaffold functions in ways not readily achieved through other means. The aim of this study was to leverage the controllable rheological properties of keratin hydrogels to create a strategy for extrusion 3D printing of keratin bio-inks without the use of exogenous rheological modifiers, crosslinking agents, or photocurable resins. The rheological properties of keratin hydrogels were tuned by varying two parameters: (a) the ratio of keratose (obtained by oxidative extraction of keratin) to kerateine (obtained by reductive extraction of keratin); and (b) the weight percentage of total keratin protein in the gel. A computational model of the dispensing nozzle for a commercially available extrusion 3D printer was developed to calculate the needed pneumatic printing pressures based on the known rheological properties of the gels. Keratin hydrogel constructs, of varying keratose/kerateine ratios and total keratin weight percentages, were 3D printed in cylindrical geometries via extrusion 3D printing. Rheology and degradation studies showed that gels with greater relative kerateine content exhibited greater flow resistance and slower degradation kinetics when submerged in phosphate buffered saline solution at 37 °C, owing to the presence of cysteine residues in kerateine and the capability of forming disulfide bonds. Total keratin weight percentage was found to influence gel yield stress, with possible implications for tuning filament fidelity. Findings from this work support the use of keratose/kerateine ratio and total keratin weight percentage as handles for modulating rheological characteristics of keratin hydrogels to enhance printability and control scaffold properties.
Remote sensing-based vegetation and soil moisture constraints reduce irrigation estimation uncertainty
Authors: Nie Wanshu , Kumar Sujay V , Bindlish Rajat , Liu Pang-Wei , Wang Shugong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding the human water footprint and its impact on the hydrological cycle is essential to inform water management under climate change. Despite efforts in estimating irrigation water withdrawals in earth system models, uncertainties and discrepancies exist within and across modeling systems conditioned by model structure, irrigation parameterization, and the choice of input datasets. Achieving model reliability could be much more challenging for data-sparse regions, given limited access to ground truth for parameterization and validation. Here, we demonstrate the potential of utilizing remotely sensed vegetation and soil moisture observations in constraining irrigation estimation in the Noah-MP land surface model. Results indicate that the two constraints together can effectively reduce model sensitivity to the choice of irrigation parameterization by 7%–43%. It also improves the characterization of the spatial patterns of irrigation and its impact on evapotranspiration and surface soil moisture by correcting for vegetation conditions and irrigation timing. This study highlights the importance of utilizing remotely sensed soil moisture and vegetation measurements in detecting irrigation signals and correcting for vegetation growth. Integrating the two remote sensing datasets into the model provides an effective and less feature engineered approach to constraining the uncertainty of irrigation modeling. Such strategies can be potentially transferred to other modeling systems and applied to regions across the globe.
Gradient descent dynamics and the jamming transition in infinite dimensions
Authors: Manacorda Alessandro , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGradient descent dynamics in complex energy landscapes, i.e. featuring multiple minima, finds application in many different problems, from soft matter to machine learning. Here, we analyze one of the simplest examples, namely that of soft repulsive particles in the limit of infinite spatial dimensiond. The gradient descent dynamics then displays ajammingtransition: at low density, it reaches zero-energy states in which particles’ overlaps are fully eliminated, while at high density the energy remains finite and overlaps persist. At the transition, the dynamics becomes critical. In thed→ ∞ limit, a set of self-consistent dynamical equations can be derived via mean field theory. We analyze these equations and we present some partial progress towards their solution. We also study the random Lorentz gas in a range ofd= 2…22, and obtain a robust estimate for the jamming transition ind→ ∞. The jamming transition is analogous to the capacity transition in supervised learning, and in the appendix we discuss this analogy in the case of a simple one-layer fully-connected perceptron.
Fully linear band crossings at high symmetry points in layers: classification and role of spin–orbit coupling and time reversal
Authors: Lazić N , Damljanović V , Damnjanović M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Symmetry imposed restrictions to the Hamiltonian are systematized and applied to all of 80 clusters of single/double ordinary/gray groups (320 groups in total), to single out linear (in all directions) band crossings and corresponding effective Hamiltonians in high-symmetry Brillouin zone points of layered materials. The resulting dispersion types are isotropic or anisotropic forms of: single cone (with double degenerate crossing point and non-degenerate branches, or four-fold degenerate crossing point with double degenerate conical branches), poppy-flower (four-fold degenerate crossing point with two pairs of non-degenerate mutually rotated conical branches), and fortune teller (with nodal lines). Further, we describe the nontrivial patterns of dispersions’ behavior in high symmetry points when symmetry is varied within a cluster. Namely, Clebsch–Gordan series of the products of spin representation with the integer ones are relevant when spin–orbit coupling is included, and clarify observed scenarios (gap closing, gap opening, cone preserving, cone splitting etc). Analogously, analysis of behavior of dispersions in transition from ordinary to gray group enlightens the role of time reversal symmetry. The results refine and expand data existing in literature, and interesting or even unexpected cases are singled out in discussion.
Topological theory of phase transitions
Authors: Gori Matteo , Franzosi Roberto , Pettini Giulio , Pettini Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe investigation of the Hamiltonian dynamical counterpart of phase transitions, combined with the Riemannian geometrization of Hamiltonian dynamics, has led to a preliminary formulation of a differential-topological theory of phase transitions. In fact, in correspondence of a phase transition there are peculiar geometrical changes of the mechanical manifolds that are found to stem from changes of their topology. These findings, together with two theorems, have suggested that a topological theory of phase transitions can be formulated to go beyond the limits of the existing theories. Among other advantages, the new theory applies to phase transitions in smallNsystems (that is, at nanoscopic and mesoscopic scales), and in the absence of symmetry-breaking. However, the preliminary version of the theory was incomplete and still falsifiable by counterexamples. The present work provides a relevant leap forward leading to an accomplished development of the topological theory of phase transitions paving the way to further developments and applications of the theory that can be no longer hampered.