Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik ASI Eksklusif di Daerah Pertanian Kabupaten Semarang (Studi pada Ibu yang Memiliki Bayi Usia 0−6 Bulan)
Authors: Pusporini Anggraeni Dyah , Pangestuti Dina Rahayuning , Rahfiludin M. Zen 
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang: Praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif wajib dilakukan pada bayi usia 0−6 bulan. Persentase capaian pemberian ASI secara eksklusif di Kabupaten Semarang masih lebih rendah dari target nasional. Penyebabnya karena masih rendahnya pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini dan pemberian makanan prelakteal masih banyak dilakukan karena kebiasaan setempat menganggap bayi tidak cukup hanya diberi ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik ASI eksklusif di daerah pertanian Kabupaten Semarang.Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive di Desa Banyukuning, Kecamatan Bandungan, Kabupaten Semarang. Sampel sebanyak 27 ibu menyusui yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan.Hasil: Proporsi praktik ASI eksklusif di daerah pertanian Kabupaten Semarang sebesar 37%. Ibu menyusui pada penelitian ini 81,5% berusia 20-35 tahun, 85,2% IRT, 70,4% menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar, 51,9% multipara, 74,1% IMT tidak normal, 88,9% kadar Hb normal, 92,6% menerima dukungan tenaga kesehatan berupa kunjungan postpartum, 85,2% melahirkan di praktik bidan, 96,3% persalinan normal, 85,2% tidak melaksanakan IMD, 63,0% bayi menerima makanan prelakteal, dan 51,9% tidak terpapar promosi susu formula. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan praktik ASI eksklusif yaitu status gizi ibu berdasar IMT, pelaksanaan IMD, bayi menerima makanan prelakteal, dan terpapar promosi susu formula. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan yaitu usia ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, paritas, kadar Hb ibu, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, tempat persalinan, dan cara persalinan.Simpulan: Status gizi ibu berdasar IMT, pelaksanaan IMD, bayi menerima makanan prelakteal, dan terpapar promosi susu formula merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan praktik ASI eksklusif di daerah pertanian Kabupaten Semarang.Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, pertanian, prelakteal, inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD), Kabupaten Semarang ABSTRACT Title: The Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Agricultural Area of Semarang Regency (Studies in Mothers of Infants Aged 0−6 Months)Background: Exclusive breastfeeding practice is mandatory for infants aged 0−6 months. The percentage achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Semarang Regency is still lower than the national target. The reason is the implementation of early initiation was still low and prelacteal feeding was still widely practiced because local customs consider that’s not enough for infants to be breastfed. This study aims to analyze the factors related to exclusive breastfeeding practice in agricultural area of Semarang Regency.Method: Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling in Banyukuning Village, Bandungan District, Semarang Regency. Samples were 27 breastfeeding mothers who had infants aged 0-6 months.Result: Proportion of exclusive breastfeeding practice in agricultural area of Semarang Regency is 37%. Breastfeeding mothers were 81.5% aged 20-35 years, 85.2% housewives, 70.4% completed basic education, 51.9% multiparous, 74.1% overweight, 88.9% normal Hb levels, 92.6% received postpartum visits, 85.2% gave birth at a midwife, 96.3% normal deliveries, 85.2% weren’t implemented early initiation, 63.0% infants received prelacteal food, and 51.9% weren’t exposured of formula milk promotion. Variables related were maternal nutritional status based on BMI, implementation of early initiation, infants received prelacteal food, and exposured of formula milk promotion. Variables weren’t related were maternal age, mother’s employment status, mother's education level, parity, maternal Hb levels, support from health workers, place and mode of delivery.Conclusion: Maternal nutritional status based on BMI, implementation of early initiation, infants received prelacteal food, and exposured of formula milk promotion are factors related to the success of excluisve breastfeeding practice in agricultural area of Semarang Regency.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, agricultural, prelacteal, early initiation, Semarang Regency