bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Blair Approach for the Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fractures
Authors: Özer Cem , Tamer Yusuf , Bayram Burak , Pektaş Zafer Özgür 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The management of fractures of the condyle of the mandible has been a topic of debate and still no consensus exists in the literature about the most appropriate approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified Blair approach for the open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condyle fractures.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 18 patients with 20 mandibular condyle fractures from 2014 to 2020. All patients were treated surgically using the modified Blair approach. Postoperative occlusion status and mouth opening were assessed for treatment outcomes. Also, the rate of complications such as facial nerve paralysis, wound infection, hematoma, salivary fistula, Frey syndrome, and greater auricular nerve paraeesthesia evaluated.

Results:
Seventeen out of 18 patients (94.4%) achieved their original pretraumatic occlusion after the surgery. One patient (5.5%) had postoperative occlusal interference due to premature dental contact. The maximal postoperative interincisal distance was measured with a range between 33 and 41 mm (mean 37.6 mm). One patient (5.6%) had transient facial nerve palsy. Also, salivary fistula developed in 1 (5.6%) patient in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:
The results of this study revealed that the modified Blair approach provides satisfactory clinical outcomes with low complication rates and may offer an alternative, safe, and effective method for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condyle fracture.
Anatomical Characteristics of the Anterior Jugular Vein and Its Clinical Relevance
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Cho Young-Suk , Jung Wook Hyun , Lim Sang Chul , Nam Kwang Il 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The anterior jugular vein (AJV) is part of the superficial venous drainage system of the head and neck. Recently, interest in AJV is increasing as various surgical procedures have been developed. The authors conducted a cadaveric study to determine characteristics of AJV in Koreans.

Methods:
A total of 44 cadavers were dissected. Anatomical characteristics were analyzed for 34 cadavers in which AJV was well observed.

Results:
In this study, 21 were males and 13 were females. There were 8 cadavers with only 1 AJV from both sides. There was no significant difference in anatomical characteristics according to gender or AJV variation except for a difference in the length of the neck according to gender. However, it was possible to find a safety zone at the main landmark of the neck that could avoid AJV damage.

Conclusions:
By using this safety zone, it is possible to prevent damage to the AJV and reduce complications during various surgical procedures on the head and neck.
The Hidden Impact of Neonatology Boot Camp
Authors: Yang Kesi C. , Hu Helen H. , Ades Anne M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Simulation-based boot camps have been evaluated by fellows as an effective way to learn, to improve self-confidence, and to prepare for new responsibilities. However, existing studies do not explore how boot camps may contribute to other critical aspects of trainee development. Our objective was to use qualitative research methodology to characterize trainees' experiences of boot camp and its impact on their professional development.

Methods
This study used a phenomenological framework to explore fellows' experience of boot camp. Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with first-year neonatology fellows after attending the Regional Neonatology Boot Camp. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes. The authors continually evaluated the coding categories in an iterative process until consensus was reached.

Results
Seventy-seven first-year neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows representing 16 fellowship programs participated in the Regional Neonatology Boot Camp in 2016 and 2017. Fifteen fellows from 10 institutions were interviewed before reaching thematic saturation. Five themes were identified: introspection about starting fellowship, learning to lead and communicate, gaining reassurance from the shared experience, understanding the fellow role, and developing future identity as a neonatologist.

Conclusions
Participation in boot camp enhances fellows' professional identity formation (PIF) by incorporating key aspects of socialization, including role models and mentors, a variety of experiential learning, and opportunities for conscious self-reflection. In designing future boot camp experiences, educators should integrate these elements into the curriculum to support PIF and explicitly state PIF as a learning objective.
The Relationship Between Depression and Pain During Acute Electroconvulsive Therapy and Follow-Up Period for Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Lin Ching-Hua , Yang Wei-Cheng , Chan Min-Ho , Chen Cheng-Chung 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
We explored the relationships between depression and pain during acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the follow-up period for patients with treatment-resistant depression and concomitant pain.

Methods
During the acute ECT phase, treatment-resistant depression patients (N = 97) were randomized to receive ECT plus agomelatine 50 mg/d, or ECT plus placebo. Depression and pain severities were measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and the pain subscale of the Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale at baseline, after every 3 ECT treatments, and after acute ECT. If patients achieved response (ie, a ≥ 50% reduction in HAMD-17) or received at least 6 ECT treatments, they were prescribed agomelatine 50 mg/d and participated in a 12-week follow-up trial. The HAMD-17 and pain subscale were assessed at 4-week intervals. Both HAMD-17 and pain subscale scores were converted to T score units to compare the degrees of changes between depression and pain during acute ECT and the follow-up period.

Results
Eighty-two patients completing at least the first 3 ECT treatments entered the analysis. Both HAMD-17 and pain subscale decreased significantly after acute ECT. Changes of HAMD-17 T scores were significantly greater than changes of pain subscale T scores during acute ECT and follow-up period.

Conclusions
Pain changed more slowly than did depression while measuring both during acute ECT and the follow-up period. Pain can, therefore, be considered a separate entity from depression.
Simulated Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: McManus Kaitlin R. , Lapid Maria I. , Forester Brent P. , Mueller Martina , Hermida Adriana P. , Nykamp Louis , Harper David G. , Seiner Stephen J. , Sanghani Sohag , Patrick Regan , Gentry Melanie T. , Kung Simon , Leal Janette C. , Johnson Emily K. , Petrides Georgios 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
Agitation is the most common behavioral symptom of Alzheimer disease (AD) affecting approximately 40% to 60% of the AD population, yet there are no Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for the myriad of behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia. There is growing evidence from naturalistic studies that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for agitation in AD patients who are refractory to pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions. Despite the existing evidence, ECT remains underused because of stigma, lack of education, and concerns regarding adverse cognitive effects. Randomized controlled clinical trials of ECT are an opportunity to provide high-quality evidence of ECT as a safe and efficacious treatment for agitation in the AD population. We describe the methods for the Electroconvulsive Therapy in Alzheimer's Dementia study, which uses a novel, simulated ECT (S-ECT) control group to conduct a single-blind efficacy study of ECT for the treatment of agitation and aggression in individuals with moderate to severe AD.

Methods
We discuss the rationale, study design, methodology, ethical and practical challenges, and management strategies in using an S-ECT group as the comparator arm in this randomized controlled trial of ECT in AD-related treatment refractory agitation and aggression.

Conclusions
Validation of the safety and efficacy of ECT in patients with advanced AD with refractory agitation and aggression is necessary. This can be accomplished through creative formulation of S-ECT groups that effectively maintain the blind while providing scientific integrity.
Electroconvulsive Therapy Reverses Cerebral Hypoperfusion in a Patient With Psychotic Depression and Catatonia
Authors: Howells David , Rees John , Townsend Rebecca , Kirov George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 72-year-old man suffering with severe depression with psychotic symptoms, marked apathy, and psychomotor retardation was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) after resistance to treatment with psychotropic medications. His age, comorbidities, and dysexecutive syndrome prompted consideration of a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and a 99mTechnetium-labeled hexamethyl propylene amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain perfusion scan showed bilateral perfusion defects that were most pronounced in the frontal regions of the brain. The scan was judged to be abnormal and in keeping with a neurodegenerative dementia. We reasoned that the fluctuation in symptoms was inconsistent with a diagnosis of FTD and that his severe depression could be improved with ECT even if he had FTD, so we decided to proceed with this treatment. A course of 12 sessions of ECT resulted in remission of his psychiatric symptoms and improvement in cognitive performance. A repeat SPECT scan 5 weeks after the last ECT demonstrated a substantial improvement in cerebral blood flow, favoring the diagnosis of depression, rather than dementia. Similar case reports from the literature suggest that ECT does reverse brain hypoperfusion in severe cases of depression and catatonia. Clinicians should be aware that abnormal SPECT findings are nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions, including psychiatric illness, and are not necessarily diagnostic of a neurodegenerative disease.
Effect of Modified Bifrontotemporal Electroconvulsive Therapy on Executive Function in Patients With Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Garg Ankita , PJ Pratheesh , Shirahatti Bhargavi 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The study was conducted to compare the pre–electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and post-ECT status of the executive functions of patients and report any deficits found at long-term follow-up. The secondary objective of the study was to compare the performance at executive function tests after ECT with patient characteristics and ECT parameters.

Methodology
In a prospective longitudinal observational study, 50 patients in the age group of 18 to 65 years who were receiving modified bifrontotemporal ECT for the first time and admitted in psychiatry ward of a tertiary care hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 were assessed for executive functions using a neuropsychological battery consisting of digit span forward, digit span backward, spatial span forward, spatial span backward, phonemic verbal fluency test, semantic verbal fluency test, Stroop test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a day before ECT and then followed up at 3 and 6 months.

Results
Patients' score improved on all the tests of executive function at 3-month follow-up and was significant for some tests. Improvement was sustained for all the tests 6 months after ECT. Number of years of formal education of patients before illness significantly influenced patients' performance on most of the executive function tests after ECT. Younger age of the patient positively influenced patients' performance on digit span forward and backwards and semantic verbal fluency.

Conclusions
There are no executive function deficits 3 to 6 months after brief pulse modified ECT with bilateral electrode placement. A higher premorbid education level is associated with better performance on executive functions after ECT.
Catatonia After COVID-19
Authors: Nikayin Sina , Chaffkin Jessica , Ostroff Robert B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than a hundred million people worldwide. In addition to the devastating number of deaths caused by this disease, it can cause significant morbidity in some survivors. The understanding of the morbidity associated with COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. This report describes 3 cases of catatonia associated with COVID-19. Catatonia is easily confused with other forms of delirium but if recognized can be effectively treated. We hope that awareness gained from these cases would help clinicians better recognize and diagnose catatonia following COVID-19 infection.
Assessment of indoor biological air quality at a mass gathering event in an unimproved exhibition facility during the COVID-19 pandemic using a novel air sampling technology
Authors: Gordon Julian , Abdullah Osama , Reboulet Rachel , Hanson Kara , Sadowski Christine , Rennels Hunter , Kuemmerle Steve , Tuttle Richard , Solocinski Kristen , Knight Brittany , Wilkinson Jacob , Macgregor-Skinner Gavin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe objective was to evaluate the determination of biomarkers of air quality during a mass gathering event at a convention center using a novel air sampling device, AirAnswers®. This sampler has previously only been used in smaller locations. Here it was run at five crowded locations within the exhibit area for the four days duration of a trade show. The AirAnswers® device uses electro-kinetic flow to sample air at high rates and capture bio-aerosols on grounded electrodes in assayable form. Cartridges were removed from the devices and immediately conveyed to the Inspirotec facility in North Chicago, where assays were performed.Biomarkers determined were for allergens and molds previously described for this system. Testing for a new marker, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was also included. The method was validated by determination of capture efficiency with reference to an impinger sampler in a Class III controlled environment chamber. Average capture efficiency for triplicate runs was 14%. One SARS-CoV-2 positive sample as found at the registration area, which was physically separate from the main exhibit area.Cat allergen Fel d 1was found in four of the locations, dog allergen Can f 1 at two. The airborne biomarker of mold proliferation, (1→3)-β-D-Glucan, was above the assay range in all locations. The widespread presence of this mold marker could be accounted for by signs of water leakage. A generic 18S RNA marker for mold was developed and similarly showed the presence of mold in all locations, as was a genus marker for penicillium. A species marker for Cladosporium cladosporioides was in two locations. Species markers for Eurotium amstelodami and Trichoderma viride were each in a single location.The main findings were of the widespread presence of mold markers, and the sporadic appearance of SARS-CoV-2. Masking was recommended but not enforced.
Use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy with Best Available Treatment (BAT) among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Mesina Flordeluna , Julian Jomell , Relos Jesus , Torres Rosalio , Comia Maureen Via M. , Ongkingco June Marie P. , Lafavilla Jimmy R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV2 virus has gripped the whole world with overwhelming strain in our health system. Currently, there are no standard guidelines in its treatment but the possible benefits of convalescent plasma in limiting complications and severity of the COVID-19 disease have emerged.OBJECTIVEThis study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of using convalescent plasma in improving the clinical course of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease admitted at University of Santo Tomas and Makati Medical Center.METHODSThis study is a quasi-experimental (prospective analytical), and multi-center study involving 65 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 Disease who received convalescent plasma, with 65 patients who only received best available treatment serving as age-gender-matched control.RESULTSMedian age of the population who received convalescent plasma was 60 years old, mostly male (68%), and manifested severe pneumonia (47%). There was noted statistically signifcant decrease between the pre-and post-treatment values of hemoglobin (p=0.04) and LDH (p=0.086). There was also statistically significant increase in platelet counts (p=0.01). WBC and PaO2 increased while ferritin and PFR decreased after convalescent plasma transfusion, however, these were not statistically significant. Length of stay and clinical outcome of those who received convalescent plasma were then compared to age-gender matched controls who only received best available treatment. There was noted statistically significant difference between length of stay (p=0.00) among those who received convalescent plasma as compared to those who did not. This was seen across severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. There was also more mortality seen in the best available treatment alone group, but this was non-significant.CONCLUSIONSConvalescent plasma use showed no significant impact in the recovery rate and outcome of patients who received it as compared to those who did not, however, its use was proven to be safe among all patients regardless of the level of severity and clinical profile.
Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal, and scalable single-cell analysis
Authors: Hao Yuhan , Stuart Tim , Kowalski Madeline , Choudhary Saket , Hoffman Paul , Hartman Austin , Srivastava Avi , Molla Gesmira , Madad Shaista , Fernandez-Granda Carlos , Satija Rahul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMapping single-cell sequencing profiles to comprehensive reference datasets represents a powerful alternative to unsupervised analysis. Reference datasets, however, are predominantly constructed from single-cell RNA-seq data, and cannot be used to annotate datasets that do not measure gene expression. Here we introduce ‘bridge integration’, a method to harmonize singlecell datasets across modalities by leveraging a multi-omic dataset as a molecular bridge. Each cell in the multi-omic dataset comprises an element in a ‘dictionary’, which can be used to reconstruct unimodal datasets and transform them into a shared space. We demonstrate that our procedure can accurately harmonize transcriptomic data with independent single cell measurements of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and protein levels. Moreover, we demonstrate how dictionary learning can be combined with sketching techniques to substantially improve computational scalability, and harmonize 8.6 million human immune cell profiles from sequencing and mass cytometry experiments. Our approach aims to broaden the utility of single-cell reference datasets and facilitate comparisons across diverse molecular modalities.AvailabilityInstallation instructions, documentations, and vignettes are available at http://www.satijalab.org/seurat
Resident T cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling in a site peripheral to infection
Authors: Kabat Agnieszka M. , Hackl Alexandra , Sanin David E. , Zeis Patrice , Grzes Katarzyna M. , Baixauli Francesc , Kyle Ryan , Caputa George , Edwards-Hicks Joy , Villa Matteo , Rana Nisha , Curtis Jonathan D. , Castoldi Angela , Cupovic Jovana , Dreesen Leentje , Sibilia Maria , Pospisilik J. Andrew , Urban Joseph F. , Grün Dominic , Pearce Erika L. , Pearce Edward J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfection with helminth parasites can affect adiposity, but underlying mechanisms that regulate this process are unclear. We found that fat content of mesenteric adipose tissue (mAT) declined in mice during infection with gut-restricted parasitic worms. This was associated with the accumulation of metabolically activated, immunostimulatory cytokine- and extracellular matrix-secreting multipotent stromal cells, which had potential to differentiate into preadipocytes. Concomitantly, mAT became infiltrated with Th2 lymphocytes that took up long-term residence and responded to signals from stromal cells by producing stromal cell-stimulating cytokines, including Amphiregulin. Signals delivered by Amphiregulin to stromal cells were required for immunity to infection. Our findings reveal intricate intercellular communication between Th2 cells and adipocyte progenitors and link immunity to intestinal infection to T cell-dependent effects on the adipocyte lineage.
Discovery of a novel coronavirus in Swedish bank voles (Myodes glareolus)
Authors: Wasberg Anishia , Raghwani Jayna , Li Jinlin , Pettersson John H.-O. , Lindahl Johanna F. , Lundkvist Åke , Ling Jiaxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe identified a novel Betacoronavirus from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Grimsö, Sweden. Repeated detection over three years and an overall prevalence of 3.4% suggests the virus commonly occurs in bank voles. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses indicate the virus belongs to a highly divergent Embecovirus lineage predominantly associated with bank voles.
Mouse models of COVID-19 recapitulate inflammatory pathways rather than gene expression
Authors: Bishop Cameron R. , Dumenil Troy , Rawle Daniel J. , Le Thuy T. , Yan Kexin , Tang Bing , Hartel Gunter , Suhrbier Andreas 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHow well mouse models recapitulate the transcriptional profiles seen in humans remains debatable, with both conservation and diversity identified in various settings. The K18-hACE2 mouse model has been widely used for evaluation of new interventions for COVID-19.METHODHerein we use RNA-Seq data and bioinformatics approaches to compare the transcriptional responses in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs of K18-hACE2 mice with those seen in humans.RESULTSOverlap in differentially expressed genes was generally poor (≈20-30%), even when multiple studies were combined. The overlap was not substantially improved when a second mouse model was examined wherein hACE was expressed from the mouse ACE2 promoter. In contrast, analyses of immune signatures and inflammatory pathways illustrated highly significant concordances between the species.CONCLUSIONAs immunity and immunopathology are the focus of most studies, these hACE2 transgenic mouse models can thus be viewed as representative and relevant models of COVID-19.