bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
72-OR: Who Is Eligible and Gets Diabetes Screening in the U.S.?
Authors: ALI MOHAMMED K. , IMPERATORE GIUSEPPINA , BENOIT STEPHEN R. , HOLLIDAY CHRISTOPHER S. , O'BRIEN MATTHEW J. , TCHEUGUI JUSTIN B. ECHOUFFO , BULLARD KAI M. 
Published: May 2022

To identify prediabetes/diabetes, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended glucose testing in 40-70 year olds (2015) and now 35-70 year olds (2021) with overweight/obesity. Since 2002, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recommended prediabetes/diabetes screening based on a larger set of diabetes risk factors. We analyzed cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 6,0non-pregnant US adults aged ≥18 years without diagnosed diabetes. For USPSTF 2015 and 2021, and ADA guidelines, we described which adults were eligible and ineligible for glucose testing, and proportions reporting receiving testing. We assessed sensitivity and specificity in identifying prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 100-125mg/dL or A1c 5.7-6.4% or both) or undiagnosed diabetes (FPG≥126mg/dL or A1c≥6.5% or both) . During 2013-2018, an estimated 76.7 million, 90.4 million, and 157.7 million US adults met eligibility for glucose testing by the USPSTF 2015, 2021, and ADA guidelines, respectively. Eligibility and proportions receiving testing varied by guideline (Figure 1) . Across definitions of prediabetes/diabetes, ADA recommendations were most sensitive (range: 91.0-99.1%) and least specific (24.1-35.3%) ; 2015 (sensitivity: 51.9-59.4%; specificity: 63.2-74.5%) and 2021 USPSTF (sensitivity: 57.5-66.6%; specificity: 56.6-67.1%) guideline sensitivity and specificity were comparable.

Disclosure
M.K.Ali: Advisory Panel; Bayer AG, Research Support; Merck & Co., Inc. G.Imperatore: None. S.R.Benoit: None. C.S.Holliday: None. M.J.O'brien: None. J.B.Echouffo tcheugui: None. K.M.Bullard: None.

Funding
MKA was partially supported by the Georgia Center for Diabetes Translation Research funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK111024)
728-P: Glycemic Variability of Tirzepatide vs. Insulin Degludec in People with Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (SURPASS-3 CGM)
Authors: BERGENSTAL RICHARD M. , BARTEE AMY , ZEYTINOGLU MELTEM , BRAY ROSS , ALLEN SHERYL , BROWN KATELYN 
Published: May 2022

Tirzepatide (TZP) is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in development for T2D. In a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sub-study of SURPASS-3 (NCT03882970) , participants with T2D on metformin with or without SGLT-2 inhibitors spent up to 91% of time in range (71-180 mg/dL) for TZP (5, 10, 15 mg) vs. 75% for insulin degludec (IDeg) (p&lt;0.001) and within-day coefficient of variation was 16% vs. 24% for TZP vs. IDeg (p&lt;0.001) . Reported here are additional pre-specified glycemic variability (GV) measures at 52 weeks for the sub-study (N=243; mean age of participants, 57 years; T2D duration, 8.8 years; baseline HbA1c, 8.14%) . The between-day GV measured as the mean of daily differences was significantly less for TZP vs. IDeg (TZP 5-15 mg; p&lt;0.001) . The frequency and severity of hypoglycemic events measured by the low blood glucose (BG) index were significantly lower at all doses of TZP vs. IDeg (mg: p&lt;0.05; 5, 15 mg: p&lt;0.001) , as were hyperglycemic events measured by the high BG index compared to IDeg (5 mg: p&lt;0.05; 10, 15 mg: p&lt;0.001) . The BG risk index was significantly less at all doses of TZP (5 mg: p&lt;0.05; 10, 15 mg: p&lt;0.001) (Table) . TZP showed clinically meaningful and significant reductions in the risk of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in comparison to IDeg in people with T2D.

Disclosure
R.M.Bergenstal: Advisory Panel; Hygieia, Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Zealand Pharma A/S, Consultant; Abbott Diabetes, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., CeQur SA, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Onduo LLC, Sanofi, United HealthCare Services, Inc., Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. A.Bartee: None. M.Zeytinoglu: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. R.Bray: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. S.Allen: None. K.Brown: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company.
73-LB: Ambulatory Glucose Profile Informs Better Treatment Decisions for Type 2 Basal-Insulin Patients
Authors: HUANG EILEEN , NADA MOHAMED , WRIGHT EUGENE 
Published: May 2022

Healthcare providers (HCP) treating patients who are on basal insulin and have suboptimal glycemic control may benefit from understanding glucose patterns. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether a review of Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) of the patient would enable the HCP to recommend a therapy change. The secondary objectives included evaluating HCPs’ understanding of their patients’ glycemic control and patients’ understanding of the rationale for the recommended treatment after reviewing the AGP with their physician. A total of 136 patients with HbA1c values of 7.0 - 10.0% for whom their HCP is unsure of the optimal course of treatment based on standard of care were enrolled in the study at 10 sites and used FreeStyle Libre Pro Sensors;105 patients had at least 7 days of sensor data to generate an AGP. All HCPs received training on AGP interpretation. Based on their AGP, 94.3% (99/105) of the patients were recommended a therapy change. In addition, HCPs found that sensor data were useful in understanding their patients’ glycemic control, provided new insights on overall glucose control, and helped to make better informed treatment decisions for their patients (Table 1) . Patients also had a better understanding of the recommended treatment after reviewing the AGP with their HCP, where 96.7% of the patients understood the rationale of their recommended treatment.

Disclosure
E. Huang: Employee; Abbott Diabetes. M. Nada: Employee; Abbott Diabetes. E. Wright: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Gelesis, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Lilly Diabetes, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Sanofi-Aventis U. S., Consultant; Abbott Diabetes, Bayer AG, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Stability Health, Other Relationship; UpToDate, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis U. S.

Funding
Abbott Diabetes Care
732-P: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Reach Glycemic Targets Faster with Tirzepatide Compared with Semaglutide and Titrated Insulin Degludec
Authors: PANTALONE KEVIN M. , VILJOEN ADIE , GALINDO RODOLFO J. , CUI XUEWEI , HUH RUTH , LANDO LAURA FERNANDEZ , PATEL HIREN 
Published: May 2022

Tirzepatide (TZP) is a novel dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist in development for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) . TZP 5 mg, mg, and 15 mg demonstrated superiority versus semaglutide 1 mg (SEMA) and titrated insulin degludec (iDeg) in HbA1c change from baseline and proportion of patients reaching HbA1c &lt;7%, ≤6.5%, and &lt;5.7% at 40-weeks (SURPASS-2) and 52-weeks (SURPASS-3) , respectively. In an exploratory pre-planned analysis, time to achieve glycemic targets was compared between treatments using cox proportional-hazards model. TZP was significantly faster than SEMA and iDeg in time to reach HbA1c &lt;7%, ≤6.5% and &lt;5.7% (Figure) . Median time to achieve HbA1c &lt;7% was 8.1 weeks for all TZP doses versus 12.0 weeks for SEMA, and to reach ≤6.5% was 12.1 weeks versus 15.7 weeks, respectively. Additionally, TZP was significantly faster than SEMA in time to lose 5% and 10% body weight (Figure) . Consistently, median time to reach HbA1c &lt;7% was 8.1 weeks for all TZP doses versus 12.1 weeks for iDeg, and to reach ≤6.5% was 12.1 weeks versus 24.1 weeks, respectively. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were associated with TZP and primarily occurred during the dose escalation period. In conclusion, patients with T2D reached glycemic targets faster with TZP compared to SEMA 1 mg and titrated iDeg.

Disclosure
K.M. Pantalone: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Corcept Therapeutics, Diasome, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Research Support; Bayer AG, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Corcept Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. A. Viljoen: Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company, Mundipharma. Consultant; Amgen Inc., Daiichi Sankyo. Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. R.J. Galindo: Advisory Panel; Sanofi, WW International, Inc. Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. X. Cui: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. R. Huh: None. L. Fernandez Lando: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Patel: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.

Funding
Eli Lilly and Company
74-LB: Real-World Glycemic Outcomes in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor Compared with an Intermittently Scanned Glucose Monitor and Self-Measured Blood Glucose—A Retrospective Observational Study from the Canadian
Authors: BROWN RUTH E. , CHU LISA , NORMAN GREGORY J. , ABITBOL ALEXANDER 
Published: May 2022

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) have both been shown to improve glycemic outcomes in people with T1D. In this retrospective analysis, we propensity score matched CGM naïve adults with T1D who initiated a rtCGM or an isCGM device. HbA1c and CGM metrics were assessed at 6-12-months.
Among the 143 matched patients/cohort (age 43 ± 14 years; T1D duration 22 ± 14 years; HbA1c 8.4 ± 1.0%) , rtCGM users had a significantly greater change in HbA1c (-0.7 ± 0.1%) compared to isCGM users (-0.4 ± 0.1%) (p=0.01) . There was a significantly greater change in HbA1c for rtCGM compared to isCGM when baseline HbA1c was &lt;8.5% (difference -0.4% [-0.6 to -0.2], p&lt;0.001) , and in MDI users (difference -0.3% [-0.5 to 0.0], p=0.04) . Compared to isCGM users, rtCGM users had significantly greater time in range (58.3 ± 16.1% vs. 54.5 ± 17.1%, p=0.03) , lower time below range (2.1 ± 2.7% vs. 6.1 ± 5.0%, p&lt;0.001) and lower glycemic variability (Table) .
In this real-world analysis of adults with T1D, rtCGM users had a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c at 6-12 months, significantly greater time in range, lower time below range, and lower glycemic variability, compared to a matched cohort of isCGM users.

Disclosure
R. E. Brown: None. L. Chu: None. G. J. Norman: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. A. Abitbol: Consultant; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Senseonics.

Funding
DexCom Canada, Co.
743-P: Effect of Once-Weekly TZP on Glycemic Control by Baseline Age in Patient Subpopulations from the SURPASS Trials
Authors: WYSHAM CAROL H. , TOFE SANTIAGO , SAPIN HELENE , MALIK RALEIGH , NEFF LISA M. 
Published: May 2022

Tirzepatide (TZP) is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) . The SURPASS clinical trials demonstrated efficacy and safety of TZP 5, 10, and 15 mg, administered once weekly in patients with T2D. This post-hoc analysis of the 5 SURPASS studies was undertaken to assess the efficacy of TZP in subgroups of subjects &lt;65 years and ≥65 years of age. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted on the mITT population in all 5 global Phase 3 trials to assess the effects of treatment (TZP vs. placebo or active comparator) on change from baseline in HbA1c. End of treatment HbA1c was evaluated at week 40 or 52. Efficacy estimands, based on data collected from participants on treatment and without rescue medication, were utilized for all analyses reported here. For all 5 studies, analyses of change from baseline in HbA1c at 40 or 52 weeks for both age subgroups were consistent with the primary study results, with the treatment differences favoring all 3 doses of TZP compared with placebo (SURPASS-1 and -5) or active comparator (SURPASS-2, -3 and -4) (Figure) . The most frequent adverse events with TZP were mild-to-moderate, gastrointestinal-related and occurred during the dose-escalation period. In all 5 trials and for subjects in both prespecified age subgroups, TZP demonstrated significantly greater reductions in HbA1c versus placebo or active comparator.

Disclosure
C.H.Wysham: Research Support; Abbott, Corcept Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Mylan N.V., Novo Nordisk. S.Tofe: Advisory Panel; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk. H.Sapin: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. R.Malik: None. L.M.Neff: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Amryt Pharma Plc, Novo Nordisk, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.
744-P: Effects of a Novel Long-Acting GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Trireceptor Agonist, HISHS-3001, on HbA1c, Body Weight, and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: BURADE VINOD S. , GARCIA-OCANA ADOLFO , PRATLEY RICHARD E. , RUTTER GUY A. , VILSBØLL TINA , THORENS BERNARD , THENNATI RAJAMANNAR 
Published: May 2022

HISHS-30is a novel long-acting, Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) /Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) /Glucagon tri-receptor agonist. An in-vitro cyclic AMP assay in human receptor- expressing CHO-K1 cells demonstrated that HISHS-30had a half-maximal effective concentration 2.9 and 6.5 fold higher than exendin-4 or GIP, respectively, and 355-fold lower than glucagon. Subcutaneous dosing every third day for 4 weeks in diabetic db/db mice of HISHS-30at 3 and 20 nmol/kg reduced HbA1c, body weight, triglycerides and glucagon levels robustly and markedly more than tirzepatide (Table) .Treatment with HISHS-30also led to an increase in serum and liver Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21) levels vs. tirzepatide.
In conclusion, HISHS-30is a potent, long acting GIP/GLP-1/glucagon tri-receptor agonist, with higher effects on glucose homeostasis and metabolic biomarkers in diabetic mice than tirzepatide.

Disclosure
V.S. Burade: None. A. Garcia-Ocana: Consultant; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. R.E. Pratley: Other Relationship; Bayer AG, Corcept Therapeutics, Dexcom, Inc., Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Merck & Co., Inc., Metavention, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Poxel SA, Sanofi, Scohia Pharma Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. G.A. Rutter: Advisory Panel; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Research Support; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. T. Vilsbøll: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. B. Thorens: Advisory Panel; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., The Healthy Aging Company.
75-OR: IL-6R (Trans Signaling) Is a Major Modulator of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Lipid-Laden Macrophages
Authors: ALRASHED FATEMA , ALZAQQAH FATEMAH , MADHOUN ASHRAF AL , ALQABANDI RAWAN , SINDHU SARDAR T. , ALMULLA FAHD , AHMAD RASHEED 
Published: May 2022

The onset of obesity is vastly associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , which predisposes to cardiovascular diseases. Recently, mounting evidence indicates that IL-6 plays a key role in metabolism, especially in lipid metabolic homeostasis. Yet, the precise nature of the HDL/IL-6 dynamics has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of IL-6 in circulatory monocytes of the individuals with various body mass index and we also determined their lipid profile. Our data show that monocytic IL-6 expression was found to be negatively associated with HDL-C levels in obese individuals and positively associated with C-reactive protein and other monocytic pro-inflammatory markers. Mechanistically, chemical inhibition or genetic silencing of IL-6 receptor gp130/IL-6ST gene induced severe upregulation of intracellular lipid accumulation in THP-1 transformed macrophages that was found to be further augmented under fatty acid rich culture conditions. Moreover, analysis of the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism showed up-regulation of the LDLR along with a remarkable inhibition of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Subfamily transporters ABCG1 and ABCB1. We also found that the macrophages lacking gp130/IL-6 receptors had very low beta-oxidation genes expression (CPT1A and CPT2) , however, with no effect on triglyceride synthesis genes expression (DGAT, ACACA, FASN and Srebp1c) .
In conclusion, our data support a role for IL-6 receptor signaling pathways in lipid alteration and cholesterol efflux which may have potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome.

Disclosure
F.Alrashed: None. F.Alzaqqah: None. A.Al madhoun: None. R.Alqabandi: None. S.T.Sindhu: None. F.Almulla: None. R.Ahmad: None.

Funding
(KFAS) (Grant #: RA AM 2016-007)
752-P: Study Design and Baseline Profile for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Semaglutide Once-Weekly Randomized Pragmatic Trial (SEPRA)
Authors: WILLEY VINCENT , BUSE JOHN B. , HARTY BRIAN , MITCHELL JULIE L. , SOULE BENJAMIN P. , CHRISTENSEN HELENE N. , CZIRAKY MARK J. , SKIBSTED SIMON 
Published: May 2022

SEPRA (NCT03596450) is a 2-yr, multicenter, open-label, randomized pragmatic clinical trial comparing the long-term effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs. standard of care (both added to ≤2 oral antidiabetic medications) in US health-insured adults with T2D and physician-determined inadequate glycemic control. SEPRA will assess glycemic control, weight loss, healthcare utilization, and patient-reported outcomes by collecting individual-level data from routine clinical practice and health insurance claims. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7.0% at yr 1. The study design was evaluated using the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) -2 assessment; it scored 4-5 in all 9 domains, suggesting a highly pragmatic study. Of 1,278 patients enrolled, 54% were male with mean (± SD) age 57.4 ± 11.1 yrs, BMI 35.7± 8.0 kg/m2, diabetes duration 7.4 ± 6.0 yrs, HbA1c 8.48 ± 1.6%, and mean individualized HbA1c target 6.66 ± 0.5%. Of note, 86.9% of patients had HbA1c &gt;7.0% and most required sizeable reductions in HbA1c to reach the clinician-assigned individualized target. SEPRA will provide real-world evidence on the long-term effectiveness of semaglutide in a population with a broad range of HbA1c levels and other clinical characteristics when used as intensification early on in usual T2D care practice settings.

Disclosure
V.Willey: Employee; HealthCore Inc. J.B.Buse: Consultant; Alkahest, Anji, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Cirius Therapeutics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Fortress biotech, GentiBio, Glycadia, Glyscend, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mellitus Health, Moderna, Inc., Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego, LLC, Stability Health, Valo, Zealand Pharma A/S, Other Relationship; Adocia, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., MannKind Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Senseonics, vTv Therapeutics, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, vTv Therapeutics, Stock/Shareholder; Glyscend, Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Praetego, LLC, Stability Health. B.Harty: None. J.L.Mitchell: None. B.P.Soule: Employee; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Novo Nordisk. H.N.Christensen: Employee; Novo Nordisk. M.J.Cziraky: None. S.Skibsted: Employee; Novo Nordisk.

Funding
Funded by Novo Nordisk Inc
758-P: A Randomized Crossover Trial to Compare Automated Insulin Delivery with Carbohydrate Counting or Simplified Qualitative Meal-Size Estimation in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: HAIDAR AHMAD , LEGAULT LAURENT , RAFFRAY MARIE , GOUCHIE-PROVENCHER NIKITA , JAFAR ADNAN , DEVAUX MARIE , GHANBARI MILAD , RABASA-LHORET RÉMI 
Published: May 2022

We did a randomized crossover non-inferiority trial to compare 3 weeks of automated insulin delivery with (i) carbohydrate counting and (ii) qualitative meal-size estimation (low, medium, high, or very high carbohydrate (CHO)) in 30 adults with T1D (20/30 females, age 44±17 yrs, A1c 7.4±0.7%) . Low, medium, high, and very high CHO meals were defined as &lt;30 g CHO, 30-60 g CHO, 60-90 g CHO, and &gt;90 g CHO, respectively, and their prandial insulin boluses were calculated as the individualized insulin-to-CHO ratios x 15, 35, 65, and 95, respectively. Closed-loop algorithms were otherwise identical in the two arms. The time in range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (primary outcome) was 74% (SD 10%) with carbohydrate counting and 71% (11%) with qualitative meal-size estimation; difference -3.6% (95% CI, -0.6% to -6.5%) which crossed the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 4%. Times &lt;3.9 mmol/L and &lt;3.0 mmol/L were low in both two arms. Automated basal insulin delivery was higher in the qualitative meal-size estimation arm (34.6 vs. 32.6 u/day, p=0.003) . We conclude that non-inferiority of the qualitative meal-size estimation was not confirmed, though this method achieved a high time in range and low time in hypoglycemia. The qualitative meal-size estimation method may benefit from larger prandial boluses and more responsive post-meal automatic basal delivery.

Disclosure
A.Haidar: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; ADOCIA, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. L.Legault: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc. M.Raffray: None. N.Gouchie-provencher: None. A.Jafar: None. M.Devaux: None. M.Ghanbari: None. R.Rabasa-lhoret: Consultant; HLS Therapeutics Inc., Pfizer Inc., Other Relationship; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Research Support; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Cystic Fibrosis Canada, Diabetes Canada, Fondation Francophone pour la Recherche en Diabète (FFRD) , JDRF, National Institutes of Health, Société Francophone du Diabète (SFD) , Speaker's Bureau; Canadian Medical & Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group (CMS) , CPD Network, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (1DP3DK106930-01)