bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of shared decision making among patients with psychotic disorders in Norway: a qualitative study
Authors: Haugom Espen W. , Stensrud Bjørn , Beston Gro , Ruud Torleif , Landheim Anne S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundShared decision making (SDM) is a process where the patient and the health professional collaborate to make decisions based on both the patient’s preferences and the best available evidence. Patients with psychotic disorders are less involved in making decisions than they would like. More knowledge of these patients’ experiences of SDM may improve implementation. The study aim was to describe and explore experiences of SDM among patients with psychotic disorders in mental health care.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with ten persons with a psychotic disorder. They were service users of two community mental health centres. The transcribed material was analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsFour-fifths of the participants in this study found that they received insufficient information about their health situation and treatment options. All participants experienced that only one kind of treatment was often presented, which was usually medication. Although the study found that different degrees of involvement were practised, two thirds of the participants had little impact on choices to be made. This was despite the fact that they wanted to participate and felt capable of participating, even during periods of more severe illness. The participants described how important it was that SDM in psychosis was based on a trusting relationship, but stated that it took time to establish such a relationship.ConclusionsThis study with ten participants indicates that patients with psychotic disorders experienced that they were not allowed to participate as much as they wanted to and believed they were capable of. Some patients were involved, but to a lesser degree than in SDM. More and better tailored information communicated within a trusting relationship is needed to provide psychotic patients with a better basis for active involvement in decisions about their health care.
Development and validation of the geriatrics health behavior questionnaire (GHBQ)
Authors: Bakhshandeh Bavarsad Maryam , Foroughan Mahshid , Zanjari Nasibeh , Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza , Jorjoran Shushtari Zahra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Considering the importance of health behaviors in health outcomes, it is necessary to assess health behaviors precisely. This study aimed to develop and validate The Geriatrics Health Behavior Questionnaire among Iranian older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on 420 community older adults (age ≥ 60) through random multi-stage sampling. The initial questionnaire has been developed with 22 items and seven subscales based on an extensive literature review, evaluation of related questionnaires, and experts’ opinions. Face and content validity were evaluated by interviewing 10 older adults and 18 specialists. The construct validity was evaluated via Known-groups validity and convergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by internal consistency, test-retest, and absolute reliability.

Results
The face validity was conducted by using interviews with older adults and gathering the specialists’ opinions. The items were grammatically and lexically corrected accordingly. Two items were deleted due to CVR < 0.44. Modified Kappa statistic (K*) and I-CVI for all items were higher than 0.88. The average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) value was 0.94. Three items were deleted to improve the internal consistency; the final GHBQ consisted of 17 items with Cronbach α = 0.72. Acceptable convergent validity was approved by a significant correlation between GHBQ and SF8™ health survey (r = 0.613, P value< 0.001). Independent t-test showed that older adults with education level ≥ high school have significantly higher health behavior scores than those with education level < high school (11.93 ± 2.27 vs. 9.87 ± 2.35, t = − 9.08, p < 0.001). Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total questionnaire was 0.92 (95% CI =0.84 to 0.96). Standard Error Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95) were 0.71 and 1.98, respectively.

Conclusion
The present study results showed that the Geriatrics Health Behavior Questionnaire had suitable validity and reliability among Iranian older adults. It is recommended to consider its comprehensiveness and yet its briefness in other populations after passing validation.
Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease and sequelae in the United Kingdom during the period 2008 to 2017 – a secondary database analysis
Authors: Guedes Sandra , Bricout Hélène , Langevin Edith , Tong Sabine , Bertrand-Gerentes Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) causes high fatality in untreated patients alongside long-term sequelae in 20% survivors. For a comprehensive assessment of epidemiology, an analysis of these sequelae is required. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of disease between 2008 and 2017 including a description of the sequelae, through the analysis of data collected from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked with data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality registry data.

Methods
This was a 10-year retrospective observational cohort study designed to describe the incidence, case-fatality rate (CFR) and occurrence of sequelae due to meningococcal disease, in the UK between 2007 and 2017 using data from the UK CPRD-HES-ONS. Cases were identified and matched on age, gender, date of diagnosis of IMD and followed-up-time with a control group without IMD. Demographics, clinical characteristics, mortality, and IMD-related sequelae were examined for IMD cases and compared with matched controls for a more comprehensive assessment.

Results
The study analysed 640 IMD patients with majority of the cases diagnosed (76.9%) in a hospital setting. Age-group analysis showed a decrease in the incidence rate of IMD in patients aged <1 year (30.4 – 7.5%) and an increase in those >50 years (10.4 – 27.8%). CFR was slightly higher among females, toddlers, and adults >50 years. No significant change in CFR was observed over study period. Case-control study showed a higher number of IMD sequelae among cases compared to age- and gender-matched controls, especially in those ≥ 50 years.

Conclusion
The study showed that, despite a relatively low incidence rate, IMD is responsible for a high CFR, namely in older age groups and by a high number of IMD sequelae. The study showed that leveraging data from existing databases can be used to complement surveillance data in truly assessing the epidemiology of IMD. Despite the availability of routine vaccination programs, IMD still poses a significant burden in the healthcare system of the UK. Optimization of vaccination programs may be required to reduce the disease burden.
Quality of life following two different techniques of an open ventral hernia repair for large hernias: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Antic Andrija , Kmezic Stefan , Nikolic Vladimir , Radenkovic Dejan , Markovic Velimir , Pejovic Ilija , Aleksic Lidija , Loncar Zlatibor , Antic Svetlana , Kovac Jelena , Markovic-Denic Ljiljana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We compare the health-related quality of life (QoL) of patients with incision hernias before and after surgery with two different techniques.

Methods
In this prospective randomized study, the study population consisted of all patients who underwent the first surgical incisional hernias repair during the 1-year study period. Patients who met the criteria for inclusion in the study were randomized into two groups: the first group consisted of patients operated by an open Rives sublay technique, and the second group included patients operated by a segregation component technique. The change in the quality of life before and 6 months after surgery was assessed using two general (Short form of SF-36 questionnaires and European Quality of Life Questionnaire—EQ-5D-3L), and three specific hernia questionnaires (Hernia Related Quality of Life Survey-HerQles, Eura HS Quality of Life Scale—EuraHS QoL, and Carolinas Comfort Scale—CCS).

Results
A total of 93 patients were included in the study. Patients operated on by the Rives technique had a better role physical score before surgery, according to the SF-36 tool, although this was not found after surgery. The postoperative QoL measured with each scale of all questionnaires was significantly better after surgery. Comparing two groups of patients after surgery, only the pain domain of the EuraHS Qol questionnaire was worse in patients operated by a segregation component technique.

Conclusion
Both techniques improve the quality of life after surgery. Generic QoL questionnaires showed no difference in the quality of life compared to repair technique but specific hernia-related questionnaires showed differences.
A cross-sectional survey: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of self-medication in medical and pharmacy students
Authors: Alduraibi Razan Khalid , Altowayan Waleed Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-Medication is common practice worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Self-Medication is referred as self consumption of medication without consulting a physician for either diagnosis or treatment. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward self-medication among medical and pharmacy students.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and pharmacy students in Qassim university, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2020–2021. Multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit students. The data were collected through questionnaire.

Results
Three hundred and sixteen of 316 students were recruited. This study showed that the majority (94.6%) of students had good knowledge of self-medication. Additionally, the following characteristics were significantly associated with good knowledge: being female, and Pharmacy students. Overall mean score for the attitudes towards self-medication shows that 58.4% of the total sample had high agreements towards the questions of the attitudes toward self-medication. More than half (63.9%) of the students reported that they practice self- medication in the last 6 months. Pain killers was the most common medication used for self- medication by the majority of the students (88.29%).

Conclusions
In conclusion, students’ knowledge of self-medication appears to be good and significantly high among pharmacy students in comparison to medical students. As well self-medication was highly practiced among the students. Therefor, medical and pharmacy students should be viewed as important contributors to the public health care system, and future health professionals should be properly educated on good pharmacy practice and responsible self-medication.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Coin-shaped corneal endothelial scar in herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a case report
Authors: Lee Seung Hyeun , Chun Yeoun Sook , Kim Kyoung Woo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus includes a wide spectrum of lesions at the ocular surface, including epithelial, stromal, endothelial keratitis, and uveitis. Thus far, the occurrence of corneal endothelial disorder in herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the causative virus have not been confirmed, and the differential diagnosis and establishment of therapeutic strategies are challenging. Corneal endothelial coin-shaped lesions are well known to occur in cytomegalovirus-related corneal endotheliitis but have not been reported in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old Asian female was referred to our ophthalmology department with recurrent anterior uveitis accompanied by coin-shaped corneal endothelial scar-like lesions that appeared after right facial herpes zoster. Diffuse corneal stromal haziness was mostly limited in the anterior stroma. The coin-shaped corneal endothelial lesions were separate from stromal lesions and showed a high-reflective scar-like line in sections of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Anterior uveitis recurred each time she discontinued oral antiviral drug treatment for 12 months after the first event, but was remitted by the maintenance medications of combined topical ganciclovir gel with oral valaciclovir, at a dose lower than the usual adult dose, for acute or recurrent zoster-associated anterior uveitis. Corneal endothelial function remained normal and corneal endothelial and stromal lesions were unchanged throughout the treatment and follow-up period.

Conclusions
In patients with a history of facial herpes zoster with coin-shaped corneal endothelial scar accompanying recurrent anterior uveitis, suspicion for active varicella-zoster virus is warranted, and prolonged intake of oral antiviral agents is required despite varicella-zoster virus DNA not being detected in aqueous humor.
Study protocol for the online adaptation and evaluation of the ‘Reboot’ (Recovery-boosting) coaching programme, to prepare critical care nurses for, and aid recovery after, stressful clinical events
Authors: Vogt K. S. , Grange A. , Johnson J. , Marran J. , Budworth L. , Coleman R. , Simms-Ellis R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Critical care nurses (CCNs) are routinely exposed to highly stressful events, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Supporting resilience and wellbeing of CCNs is therefore crucial to prevent burnout. One approach for delivering this support is by preparing critical care nurses for situations they may encounter, drawing on evidence-based techniques to strengthen relevant psychological coping strategies. As such, the current study seeks to tailor a Resilience-boosting psychological coaching programme [Reboot] for CCNs, based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles and the Bi-Dimensional Resilience Framework (BDF), and (1) to assess the feasibility of delivering Reboot via online, remote delivery to CCNs, and (2) to provide a preliminary assessment of whether Reboot could increase resilience and confidence in coping with adverse events.

Methods
Eighty CCNs (n=80) will be recruited to the 8-week Reboot programme, comprised of two group workshops and two individual coaching calls. The study uses a single-arm before-after feasibility study design and will be evaluated with a mixed-methods approach, using online questionnaires (all participants) and telephone interviews (25% of participants). Primary outcomes will be confidence in coping with adverse events (the Confidence scale) and resilience (the Brief Resilience Scale) measured at four time points.

Discussion
Results will determine whether it is feasible to deliver and evaluate a remote version of the Reboot coaching programme to CCNs, and will indicate whether participating in the programme is associated with increases in confidence in coping with adverse events, resilience and wellbeing (as indicated by levels of depression).
Pathway analysis of smoking-induced changes in buccal mucosal gene expression
Authors: Khaleel Anas , Alkhawaja Bayan , Al-Qaisi Talal Salem , Alshalabi Lubna , Tarkhan Amneh H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, and it is the most common cause of oral cancers. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways in the oral cavity that are altered by exposure to cigarette smoke.

Methods
The gene expression dataset (accession number GSE8987, GPL96) of buccal mucosa samples from smokers (n = 5) and never smokers (n = 5) was downloaded from The National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Differential expression was ascertained via NCBI’s GEO2R software, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to perform a pathway analysis.

Results
A total of 459 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in smoker buccal mucosa (p  < 0.05). A total of 261 genes were over-expressed while 198 genes were under-expressed. The top canonical pathways predicted by IPA were nitric oxide and reactive oxygen production at macrophages, macrophages/fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid cancer pathways. The IPA upstream analysis predicted that the TP53, APP, SMAD3, and TNF proteins as well as dexamethasone drug would be top transcriptional regulators.

Conclusions
IPA highlighted critical pathways of carcinogenesis, mainly nitric oxide and reactive oxygen production at macrophages, and confirmed widespread injury in the buccal mucosa due to exposure to cigarette smoke. Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking significantly impacts gene pathways in the buccal mucosa and may highlight potential targets for treating the effects of cigarette smoking.
Modified Cabrol technique for the treatment of adult anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Davies James E. , Singh Gagandip , Vardas Panos N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly that typically presents within the first year of life but can also sporadically present in adults. ALCAPA, if left untreated, can lead to coronary ischemia and sudden death.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 32-year-old male with ALCAPA with ischemic cardiomyopathy and the anomalous left main coronary originating from the non-facing sinus of the pulmonary artery (PA). A posterior reimplantation of the anomalous coronary artery was accomplished with a modified Cabrol technique using synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft.

Conclusions
A posterior re-implantation technique using a modified Cabrol graft, in cases where length of the native button is challenging, has excellent outcomes for this rather rare and challenging clinical entity.
Emergency in obese patients: a reply to SOBA UK
Authors: Di Giacinto Ida , Guarnera Martina , Esposito Clelia , Falcetta Stefano , Cortese Gerardo , Pascarella Giuseppe , Sorbello Massimiliano , Cataldo Rita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmergency settings in obese people require tailored multidisciplinary protocols and pathways to manage these complex patients. For this reason, we would like to foresee a proficient cooperation with the UK Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia (SOBA) and other societies: obesity is a worldwide problem, and an international and multidisciplinary cooperation is desirable, if not needed. As demonstrated for bariatric surgery, a standardizing anesthesiologic and critical approach and an experienced multidisciplinary staff, trained and equipped to manage obese patients, are related to better outcomes. Similarly, as recently pointed out for airway management safety, we believe that the presence of anobese leadshould be a desirable goal to reach in the next future, especially when thinking of emergency situations and the need for resuscitation of obese patients. A worldwide problem calls for worldwide cooperation.
Optimizing finite-difference scheme in multidirections on rectangular grids based on the minimum norm
Authors: Miao Zhongzheng , Zhang Jinhai 
Published: March 2022

The finite-difference (FD) method is widely used in numerical simulation; however, its accuracy suffers from numerical spatial dispersion and numerical anisotropy. The single-direction optimization methods, which optimize the FD coefficients along a single spatial direction, can suppress numerical spatial dispersion, but they are suboptimal for mitigating numerical anisotropy on rectangular grids. We have developed a multidirection optimization method that penalizes approximation errors among all propagation angles on rectangular grids with the minimum norm (i.e., [Formula: see text] norm) to mitigate numerical spatial dispersion and numerical anisotropy simultaneously. Given maximum absolute error tolerance and grid-spacing ratio, we first determine the optimal order of the FD operator in each spatial direction. Then, we penalize approximation errors within the wavenumber-azimuth domain to obtain the optimized FD coefficients. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments find that our method is superior to single-direction optimization methods in suppressing numerical spatial dispersion and mitigating numerical anisotropy for square and rectangular grids. For homogeneous models with grid-spacing ratios of 1.0 (i.e., square grids), 1.2, and 1.4, the root-mean-square (rms) errors obtained by our method are 77%, 80%, and 72% that of the single-direction optimization method adopting the [Formula: see text] norm, respectively. For the Marmousi model with a grid-spacing ratio of 1.4, the rms error of our method is 36% that of the single-direction optimization method based on the [Formula: see text] norm. Such an evident improvement on error suppression is critical for numerical simulations adopting more flexible grid-spacing ratios.
Impact of COVID-19 on Affected Individuals in Iraq Focusing on Deceased Cancer Patients
Authors: Alwan Nada A.S. , Lami Faris , Khaleel Hanan A. , Alhilfi Riyadh A. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE Mortality because of COVID-19 infections is continuously increasing among the high-risk groups, namely, elderly patients and those with underlying comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory problems, and cancer. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on affected individuals in Iraq, focusing on the characteristics of COVID-19 deceased cases, with special emphasis on cancer as the associated comorbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective review of the data collected from 15,852 case investigation records of deceased patients with COVID-19, from all over Iraq, between March 20, 2020, and December 20, 2021. The analyzed variables included patients' age, sex, duration of stay in hospital, use of mechanical ventilation, and associated morbidities. Comparisons of having comorbidities and cancer with the characteristics were carried out using the chi-square test of independence. The chi-square test of goodness of fit was used to describe the distribution of the characteristics of the deceased COVID-19 patients; P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, 62% were ≥ 60 years with a predominance of male (63.2%). Patients with cancer were significantly younger (41.5% were ≥ 60) with no difference concerning sex distribution. Almost 70% of patients who died from COVID-19 infection had associated comorbidities. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and cancer constituted 49.7%, 39.3%, 2.9%, and 1.1%, respectively. Patients with a history of cancer had a significantly longer duration of stay in hospital with no statistical association regarding the use of ventilation. CONCLUSION In Iraq, patients with cancer infected with COVID-19 were younger and spent longer durations in the hospital before they died than patients with other comorbidities. The pandemic has revealed significant gaps in the health information and surveillance systems that demand prompt strengthening as part of the emergency preparedness.