bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of Plastic Surgery Research: An Analysis of PRS and PRS-GO
Authors: Nasser Jacob S. , Billig Jessica I. , Horiuchi Sakura , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: March 2022

Background:

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) recently developed an open access counterpart, PRS Global Open (PRS-GO), to increase dissemination of research in an efficient and widespread manner. We aimed to (1) examine the differences in the dissemination of research published in PRS and PRS-GO, and (2) identify differences in the authorship between the journals.

Methods:
We extracted data on Altmetric Attention Scores, article mentions, citations, and author characteristics using the Altmetric Explorer Database from January 1, 2018, to January 1, 2020. We stratified research outputs into traditional dissemination and social media dissemination. Additionally, multivariable linear regression models were used to examine differences in dissemination between the journals.

Results:
A total of 1798 articles were included in the analysis (PRS = 1031, PRS-GO = 767). The average Altmetric Attention Score was higher for PRS compared with PRS-GO (PRS = 15.2, PRS-GO = 8.1). Articles in PRS had a greater Altmetric Attention Score (β-coefficient: 7.50, P < 0.001), higher measures of traditional dissemination (β-coefficient: 3.11, P < 0.001), and higher measures of social media dissemination than articles in PRS-GO (β-coefficient: 4.38, P = 0.73).

Conclusions:
Despite being an open access journal, PRS-GO had significantly fewer measures of social media and traditional dissemination compared with PRS. Given that numerous factors may influence the dissemination of scientific literature, it is imperative that publications identify specific ways to provide a fair advantage for both researchers and readers. Additional initiatives to engage readership for open access may include creative campaigns targeting an appropriate audience.
Autologous Breast Reconstruction with Bilateral Stacked Free Flaps in Massive Weight Loss Patients
Authors: Yoo Aran , Palines Patrick A. , Maier Mark A. , Maddox Suma S. , St. Hilaire Hugo , Stalder Mark W. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Patients with a history of massive weight loss who are undergoing autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy represent a unique surgical challenge. Although these patients often have an abundance of excess skin, it may be difficult to acquire sufficient tissue volume for adequate reconstruction of bilateral breasts using single flap techniques due to the paucity of subcutaneous fat. Stacked flap techniques have emerged as an effective method in thinner patients with suboptimal fat distribution who desire autologous breast reconstruction. This can serve as an ideal strategy, specifically in this patient population, when it serves the dual function of providing adequate volume for bilateral breast reconstruction and the secondary benefit of removing the excess skin present after massive weight loss. In this article, we discuss surgical techniques used during two cases of bilateral stacked flap breast reconstruction in cancer patients subsequent to massive weight loss.
The landscape of cardiogenic shock: epidemiology and current definitions
Authors: Palacios Ordonez Cesar , Garan Arthur Reshad 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Despite novel technologies for treating shock patients, cardiogenic shock mortality remains high. Trends of cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have previously been described, though little is known about cardiogenic shock resulting from other causes, which has progressively been documented as a distinct entity from AMI-cardiogenic shock. Herein, we review the evolving epidemiology, novel classification schema, and future perspectives of cardiogenic shock.

Recent findings
While AMI or mechanical complications of AMI are the most common causes, the incidence of etiologies of cardiogenic shock not related to AMI, particularly acute on chronic heart failure, may be increasing, with a growing burden of noncoronary structural heart disease.

Summary
Mortality in cardiogenic shock remains high. Overall, these findings highlight the need to address the lack of effective treatments in this field, particularly for cardiogenic shock caused by diseases other than AMI. Novel classification systems may facilitate cardiogenic shock research.
Postinjury Care and Complications Among U.S. Military Women With Combat-Related Major Limb Traumatic Amputation
Authors: Dye Judy L. , Dougherty Amber L. , Shannon Kaeley B. , Eskridge Susan L. , Galarneau Michael R. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
U.S. servicewomen may be at greater risk of injury in future conflicts as they integrate into combat occupations. More than 1,000 servicewomen were wounded during military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Some women sustained traumatic amputations, and research on their postinjury health is needed.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe acute care, complications, and health care utilization among servicewomen with combat-related amputations, comparing them with injured men.

METHODS:
In this retrospective matched-pairs study, women were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database between 2003 and 2012 and matched with men on amputation injuries, injury severity, and age. Differences were assessed with nonparametric tests for paired data.

RESULTS:
Of 20 women identified for analysis, 13 received tourniquets, three were administered procoagulants, and six had massive transfusions. Women averaged 3.4 (SD = 1.6) postinjury complications, and the most frequent were heterotopic ossification (n = 17), posthemorrhagic anemias (n = 13), and bacterial wound infections (n = 10). Acute care and complications were similar among men. Women averaged more acute care days (M = 49.8, SD = 30.6) than men (M = 46.1, SD = 27.4) but fewer intensive care unit days (women: M = 2.6, SD = 4.0; men: M = 4.4, SD = 8.3). No statistical differences were observed.

CONCLUSION:
Postinjury care among servicewomen with combat-related amputations was comparable with servicemen, and complications were common. This information can aid providers and nursing staff in the management of these injuries.
Virtual Trauma Center Surveys, Are They Virtually the Same?
Authors: Krichten Amy E. , Gondell Darlene , Over Anna 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
The coronavirus pandemic forced regulatory agencies to develop innovative methods for achieving regulatory compliance. The accrediting body for trauma centers in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation (PTSF), was one of the many agencies forced to find creative and safe ways to maintain prepandemic processes of evaluating trauma centers for compliance with trauma standards. With the uncertainty of government and hospital regulations prohibiting on-site participation and precautionary efforts to protect the health and well-being of survey participants, a virtual site visit survey process was developed to facilitate trauma center accreditation within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this article is to describe an accrediting body's experience with implementing a virtual accreditation site visit survey process for Level I and II trauma centers.

METHODS:
In 2021, the PTSF piloted the virtual survey process and completed two virtual accreditation surveys.

RESULTS:
Feedback from participants included both positive and negative responses. The virtual format was effective in maintaining a high-quality accreditation process. However, multiple downsides were identified, including loss of interactive participation, loss of collaboration, limited educational opportunities, and increased presurvey workload for all participants.

CONCLUSION:
The in-person and virtual formats can accomplish the goal of the accreditation survey. The negative implications identified suggest that a traditional on-site accreditation process is preferred, with the virtual format reserved for extenuating circumstances.
Incidence and Nature of Respiratory Events in Patients Undergoing Bronchoscopy Under Conscious Sedation
Authors: Tariq Asma , Hill Nicholas S. , Price Lori Lyn , Ismail Khalid 
Published: March 2022

Background:
During diagnostic bronchoscopies, conscious sedation improves patient tolerance, but it can contribute to hypercapnia and hypoxia by various mechanisms including depression of ventilatory drive. This prospective study was undertaken to determine the frequency of respiratory events and associated oxygen desaturations during bronchoscopy with conscious sedation.

Patients and Methods:
The Nox-T3 monitoring system was placed before starting the bronchoscopy and remained in place for 30 minutes following the procedure. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of obstructive and central apneic events during bronchoscopy under conscious sedation.

Results:
Obstructive events (apnea and hypopnea) occurred in 100% of patients (n=31), and central apneas occurred in 58% of patients (n=18) during the procedure with a median of 9 and 2 events per patient, respectively. During recovery, a significant proportion of patients had detectable obstructive (86%) and central (36%) events. Higher body mass index was associated with oxygen desaturation to <90% and with the need for escalation of care. Furthermore, a conscious sedation regimen that included propofol was significantly associated with central apneic events.

Conclusion:
Respiratory events are common during and immediately postprocedure after conscious sedation for bronchoscopy. Most events are obstructive, and the use of propofol predisposes to central apneas during the procedure. Both types of events are associated with a higher body mass index. Oxygen desaturation to <90% triggers escalation of care. A further prospective study will be required to determine the clinical significance of these apneic events and whether alleviating these events will improve the safety and outcomes of bronchoscopic procedures performed under conscious sedation.
Electrical impedance tomography in the adult intensive care unit: clinical applications and future directions
Authors: Rubin Jonah , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a novel, noninvasive, radiation-free, bedside imaging and monitoring tool to assess and visualize regional distribution of lung ventilation and perfusion. Although primarily a research tool, rapidly emerging data are beginning to define its clinical role, and it is poised to become a ubiquitous addition to the arsenal of the intensive care unit (ICU). In this review, we summarize the data supporting clinical use of EIT in adult ICUs, with an emphasis on appropriate application while highlighting future directions.

Recent findings
Recent major studies have primarily focused on the role of EIT in setting correct positive end-expiratory pressure to balance regional overdistention and collapse. Over the last few years, our Lung Rescue Team has demonstrated that incorporating EIT into a multimodal approach to individualizing ventilator management can improve outcomes, particularly in the obese. We also review recent data surrounding EIT use during COVID, as well as other broad potential applications.

Summary
As EIT becomes more common and its clinical role more defined, intensivists will benefit from a clear understanding of its applications and limitations.
Colonic mucosal eosinophilia and immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hassanin Taha M , Fouad Yasser , Mohamed Fatma Elzahraa , Abdel-Hafeez Ekhlas H. , Hassnine Alshymaa 
Published: March 2022

Background
There is growing evidence that eosinophilic infiltration can release mediators which are harmful to the intestinal epithelium in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) expression had been previously reported to increase in many inflammatory conditions, there is a paucity in data investigating their expressions in IBS. Our aim was to evaluate colonic mucosal eosinophilia and immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Methods
A total of 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria of IBS based on Rome IV symptoms questionnaire were subjected to abdominal ultrasound, laboratory investigations, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level assessment and colonoscopic examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect COX-2 and NF-kB expression in colonic biopsies obtained from IBS patients.

Results
Histopathological examination showed that 60 colonic biopsy specimens (75%) showed few mixed inflammatory cells ≤3 cells/ HPF, 12 biopsy specimens (15%) showed eosinophilic infiltration ≥25 eosinophils/HPF and 8 biopsy specimens (10%) showed severe lymphocytic infiltration and aggregation. Colonic eosinophilic infiltrate was significantly higher among patients presented with IBS-D subtype. Serum IgE was significantly higher among patients with colonic eosinophilic infiltrate than the others. In IBS-D patients, colonic mucosa showed positive expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in 52.1% and 81.25% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion
Patients with IBS -particularly IBS-D subtype- should undergo colonoscopy and biopsy to exclude underlying inflammatory pathology. Moreover, patients with positive COX-2 and NF-kB need further evaluation and follow-up.
Contribution of phosphate and FGF23 to CKD progression
Authors: Jansson Kyle P. , Yu Alan S.L. , Stubbs Jason R. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Progressive forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit kidney inflammation and fibrosis that drive continued nephron loss; however, factors responsible for the development of these common pathologic features remain poorly defined. Recent investigations suggest pathways involved in maintaining urinary phosphate excretion in CKD may be contributing to kidney function decline. This review provides an update on recent evidence linking altered phosphate homeostasis to CKD progression.

Recent findings
High dietary phosphate intake and increased serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) both increase urinary phosphate excretion and are associated with increased risk of kidney function decline. Recent investigations have discovered high concentrations of tubular phosphate promote phosphate-based nanocrystal formation that drives tubular injury, cyst formation, and fibrosis.

Summary
Studies presented in this review highlight important scientific discoveries that have molded our current understanding of the contribution of altered phosphate homeostasis to CKD progression. The collective observations from these investigations implicate phosphaturia, and the resulting formation of phosphate-based crystals in tubular fluid, as unique risk factors for kidney function decline. Developing a better understanding of the relationship between tubular phosphate handling and kidney pathology could result in innovative strategies for improving kidney outcomes in patients with CKD.
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy: when, how, and when to avoid it
Authors: Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Arvanitakis Marianna 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The current review summarizes current evidence regarding the indications, contraindications, and technical aspects of placing a direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ), as well as procedure-related and patient-related outcomes.

Recent findings
DPEJ is indicated for patients who require long-term (>4 weeks) jejunal nutrition due to existing altered foregut anatomy (e.g., previous gastrectomy) or because the gastric route is not an option (e.g., due to high risk of aspiration, intolerance, gastroparesis). DPEJ may also offer decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in cases of small bowel obstruction (e.g., peritoneal carcinomatosis). Absolute contraindications include active peritonitis, uncorrectable coagulopathy, and ongoing bowel ischemia. Technically, the ‘pull’ technique using a paediatric colonoscope will be sufficient for most cases. Recent publications demonstrate high rates of technical success (>85%), while patient outcomes do not differ among patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and those undergoing DPEJ. Obesity is a risk factor for technical failure, while age more than 80 years, diabetes mellitus, and ongoing inflammatory status may be considered risk factors for DPEJ-associated mortality.

Summary
DPEJ is a safe and efficacious modality for long-term jejunal nutrition with an acceptable risk of mild complications. Careful patient selection and respect of preprocedural, periprocedural, and postprocedural precautions are of the utmost importance to ensuring a favourable outcome.
Are the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Cystitis in the Premenopausal, Pregnant, and Postmenopausal Women the Same? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Pagan Megan E. , Racher M. Luann , Phillips Amy M. , Manning Nirvana , Whittington Julie R. , Thomas Shelia , Magann Everett F. 
Published: March 2022

Importance
Acute cystitis is a common condition diagnosed in women. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition change throughout a woman's life. Understanding the differences in diagnosis and treatment in premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal woman increases the likelihood of treatment success and decreases risk of complications from untreated or suboptimally treated infections.

Objective
The aim of this review is to describe the incidence, risk factor, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of acute cystitis and the similarities and differences of these aspects of the condition in the premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal woman.

Evidence Acquisition
A PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL search was undertaken with the years 1990 to 2020 searched.

Results
There were 393 articles identified, with 103 being the basis of review. Multiple risk factors for acute cystitis have been identified and are largely consistent throughout a woman's lifetime with few exceptions. The diagnoses by group with common diagnostic tools, such as urinalysis, vary in specificity and sensitivity between these groups. Management also varies between groups, with pregnancy having specific limitations related to drug safety in regard to possible fetal effects posed by certain medications commonly used to treat acute cystitis.

Conclusions
Acute cystitis not only varies in presentation throughout a woman's lifespan, but also in appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of acute cystitis does have some commonalities between the groups; however, there are contraindications unique to each group. These differences are paramount to not only ensuring appropriate treatment but also treatment success.

Relevance
Acute cystitis is a common condition with different diagnostic and management recommendations throughout a woman's lifespan.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to evaluate published literature regarding acute cystitis in female patients; diagnose and recommend treatment for acute cystitis in premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal patients; and identify the limitations and contraindications for antibiotics used to treat acute cystitis in each group.
My Baby's Movements: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial of a Fetal Movement Awareness Intervention to Reduce Stillbirths
Authors: Flenady V. , Gardener G. , Ellwood D. , Coory M. , Weller M. , Warrilow K. A. , Middleton P. F. , Wojcieszek A. M. , Groom K. M. , Boyle F.M. , East C. , Lawford H. L. S. , Callander E. , Said J. M. , Walker S. P. , Mahomed K. , Andrews C. , Gordon A. , Norman J. E. , Crowther C. 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from BJOG 2022;129:29–41)
Decreased fetal movement (DFM) can indicate that a pregnancy is at risk for stillbirth. Maternal awareness and monitoring of fetal movement have been considered to be a simple, low-cost stillbirth prevention strategy.
Paracetamol Use During Pregnancy—A Call for Precautionary Action
Authors: Bauer Ann Z. , Swan Shanna H. , Kriebel David , Liew Zeyan , Taylor Hugh S. , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Andrade Anderson M. , Olsen Jørn , Jensen Rigmor H. , Mitchell Rod T. , Skakkebaek Niels E. , Jégou Bernard , Kristensen David M. 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021;17:757–766)
Paracetamol, otherwise known as acetaminophen, is the active ingredient in over 600 prescription and nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic medications. Worldwide and in the United States, more than 50% and 65% of pregnant women use acetaminophen, respectively.
Pumping the Periosteum: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana , Haga-Tsujimura Maiko , Nakahara Ken , Gerbaix Maude Coline , Ferrari Serge Livio 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Gradual elevation of periosteum from the bone surface is known to promote the adaptation of soft tissues and the formation of hard tissues. The aim of our study was to estimate the benefit of periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) on de novo bone formation in a rat model.

Materials and Methods
After device placement, animals were allowed for a latency period of 7 days. Animals in the PDO group were subjected to distraction at a rate of 0.1 mm/d for 10 days. In the periosteal pumping (PP) group, the animals were subjected to distraction at a rate of 0.1 mm/d. The direction of distraction was alternated every 2 days. The animals were euthanized at 17, 31, and 45 days after surgery, and the samples were analyzed histologically and by microcomputed tomography.

Results
In both groups, the new bone was characterized as primary woven bone that was located at the leading edge of bone apposition. Bone volumes significantly increased throughout the observation period both in the PP group (P = 0.018) and in the PDO group (P < 0.001). The new bone was denser and more mature in the PP group than in the PDO group, and the difference was significant at the 31-day time point (P = 0.024). However, the volume of the new bone was higher in the PDO at the 45-day time point (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
We propose that the PP may be applied to enhance the osteogenic capacity of periosteum without plate elevation. Because this is only a proof-of-principle study, the alternated protocol of periosteal distraction warrants evaluation in the future studies.