bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Central Nervous System ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Features
Authors: Weng Xin , Fu Jia , Fu Jianchang , Huang Qitao , Yang Xia , Liu Xia , Zhang Xinyou , Huang Yuhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary CNS anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is extremely rare and only few cases have been reported. Due to its rarity, the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of primary CNS ALK + ALCL have not been well characterized.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of 3 cases of primary CNS ALK + ALCLs among 337 cases of primary CNS lymphomas during the past 14 years in our cancer center with review of an additional 20 cases from the literature.
Results
Primary CNS ALK + ALCL accounted for 0.9% (3/337) of all primary CNS lymphomas during the study period in our cancer center. The ages of patients ranged from 4 to 43 years, with a median age of 18 years. There was a predominance of males, with the male-to-female ratio of 6.7:1. Most (87%, 20/23) of cases had intracerebral mass(es), and among these cases, 25% (5/20) of cases were accompanied by involvement of spinal cord and (or) leptomeninges; rare cases (3/23,13%) were confined to the spinal cord and (or) leptomeninges. A solitary mass and multiple tumors were present in 56.5% (13/23) and 43.5% (10/23) of cases, respectively. Of the 22 patients with survival data, 31.8% (7/22) of patients died of the disease during the follow-up period (median follow-up, 24 months; range, 0.5–87 months). The 2-year overall survival (OS) of patients with primary CNS ALK + ALCL was 69%. Patients under 18-years old had worse 2-year overall survival, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.115). No statistical significance was found between patients with solitary mass and multiple tumors (p = 0.940).
Conclusions
Primary CNS ALK + ALCL is an extremely rare disease and tends to occur in young adults with a male preponderance. Patients with this disease have relatively favorable outcome than other types of primary CNS lymphomas. Accurate diagnosis, as well as timely and optimal treatment for patients with this disease is important.
Higher Serum Triglyceride Can Predict Recurrent Coronary Revascularization Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Baseline LDL-C&lt;55mg/dl
Authors: Fan Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaoke , She Jianqing , Niu Xiaoqian , Luo Yongbai , Xi Wen , zheng Tao , Wu Yue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with low baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but experiencing recurrent coronary revascularization events have been rarely investigated.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with baseline LDL-C <55mg/dl at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between January and December 2017. Subsequent ischemia-driven revascularization events and all-cause death were documented during a 4-year follow-up. Cox analysis was used to evaluate the association between baseline clinical characteristics and long-term events. Results: Among 388 patients (mean age 63 years; 79.1% male) enrolled, 32 patients underwent recurrent revascularization events, and 38 patients occurred all-cause death. After adjustment for age, diabetes mellitus, multi-vessel disease and lipoprotein(a), multivariate Cox analysis showed that baseline serum triglyceride (TG) (HR=1.691, 95% CI: 1.178-2.428, p=0.004) was an independent predictor of recurrent coronary revascularization events. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a higher TG level (≥1.17 mmol/L, determined by ROC curve) was associated with increased risk of recurrent revascularization events than lower TG level (<1.17 mmol/L) (p=0.021). Female (HR=2.647, 95%CI: 1.350-5.190, p=0.005) and previous atrial fibrillation (HR=3.163, 95%CI: 1.403-7.132, p=0.006) were associated with increased risk of all-cause death in this patient group. Conclusions: For patients undergoing PCI with baseline LDL-C <55mg/dl, higher baseline TG can predict recurrent coronary revascularization events.
Effectiveness and Costs of Identification Pathways for Tuberculosis: Modelling the Impact of Dual Energy X-Ray Technology
Authors: Karim Karim S , Butt Zahid , Hussain Hamidah , Bell David , Lee Evan , Horton Susan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Existing screening methods for TB involve trade-offs among sensitivity, specificity and cost. Recent advances mean that dual-energy X-ray is more sensitive and only slightly more costly than conventional chest X-ray and could be a high-performing alternative for TB screening, particularly if associated computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) software were developed.
Methods
Existing data on sensitivity,specificity and cost were used for six screening methods (sputum testing, conventional chest X-ray with and without CAD software, dual-energy X-ray with and without CAD software, and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), used in various sequences. Cost and effectiveness of 20 different screening pathwayswere examined using data for Pakistan. Monte-carlo based sensitivity analysis focused on parameters for dual-energy X-ray.
Results
Sputum followed by NAAT is the best pathway when government budgets are low, and NAAT alone is the best when budgets are unlimited. With intermediate budgets, pathways including dual-energy X-ray dominate those including conventional X-rays, particularly if CAD software is developed for dual-energy X-ray.
Conclusions
Dual-energy X-ray can be a valuable addition to the screening options for TB. Our study provides different TB screening options for policy makers and TB program managers, which could be used as a guide for planning and implementation of TB screening programs.
Intercalary frozen autografts for reconstruction of bone defects following meta-/diaphyseal tumor resection at the extremities
Authors: Yang Jingyan , Li Wenze , Feng Rongjie , Li Dong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the clinical outcome and complications of limb malignant tumors treated with intercalary resection and frozen autograft reconstruction.
Methods
We reviewed 40 patients who had malignant bone tumors treated by wide resection and recycling liquid nitrogen-treated autograft reconstruction between 2006 and 2017. The limb function, bone union at the osteotomy site and complications were evaluated. Functional outcome was assessed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system.
Results
The most common tumor was osteosarcoma (11 cases) followed by Ewing’s sarcoma (7 cases). Tumors were located in humerus (5), ulna (1), femur (13) and tibia (21). The mean follow-up period was 48.4 months (range 11–127 months). In 40 patients, 19 patients remained disease-free and 3 patients were alive with disease. The mean size of the defect after tumor resection was 12.1 cm (range 5-24cm). Bone union was achieved in 37 patients with a mean union time 8.7 months (range 4–18 months). 15 complications were encountered in 14 patients, including 3 graft non-unions, 3 infections (1 superficial, 2 deep infection), 4 limb length discrepancies, 2 graft fractures and 3 local recurrences. The mean MSTS score was 82.5% (range 50–100%). Excellent functional results were achieved in 24 patients (60%) and good in 14 (35%).
Conclusions
Liquid nitrogen treated tumor-bearing autograft is a simple and effective option for biologic reconstructions after meta-/diaphyseal tumor resection of long bone. This method has excellent clinical outcome and is especially recommended for patients with non-osteolytic primary or secondary bone tumors.
Renin and (pro)renin receptors induce vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by activating oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Nana , Song Xiaosu , Bian Yunfei , Bai Rui , Yang Huiyu , Wang Gang , Li Hong , Xiao Chuanshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to observe the role of (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in the arterial injury model. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry; RT-PCR and WB assays were used to detect the expressions of cyclin D1, PCNA, (P)RR, NOX1, and PI3K/AKT signal proteins; immunofluorescent staining was conducted to measure the expression of (P)RR; the levels of renin, PDGF-BB, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress were determined by ELISA; the pathological change was observed by HE staining. Renin could promote the proliferation of rat VSMCs by enhancing cell viability and cell cycle proteins, but silencing (P)RR restrained this. Furthermore, renin could enhance the levels of NOX1-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the ERK1/2-AKT pathway in vitro. Similarly, inhibition of (P)RR resulted in an opposite phenomenon. Importantly, inhibition of (P)RR could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in vivo after common carotid artery injury through restraining NOX1-mediated oxidative stress by downregulating the ERK1/2-AKT pathway. Renin and (P)RR induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by activating oxidative stress, inflammation, and ERK1/2-AKT pathway in an angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-independent manner.
Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Early Cancer Detection
Authors: Khanam Nausheen , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a deadly disease that is often caused by the accumulation of various
genetic mutations and pathological alterations. The death rate can only be reduced when
it is detected in the early stages, because cancer treatment when the tumor has not metastasized
in many regions of the body is more effective. However, early cancer detection is
fraught with difficulties. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have developed a new
scope for efficient and early detection of such a fatal disease. AI algorithms have a remarkable
ability to perform well on a variety of tasks that are presented or fed to the system.
Numerous studies have produced machine learning and deep learning-assisted cancer
prediction models to detect cancer from previously accessible data with better accuracy,
sensitivity, and specificity. It has been observed that the accuracy of prediction models
in classifying fed data as benign, malignant, or normal is improved by implementing
efficient image processing techniques and data segmentation augmentation methodologies,
along with advanced algorithms. In this review, recent AI-based models for the diagnosis
of the most prevalent cancers in the breast, lung, brain, and skin have been analysed.
Available AI techniques, data preparation, modeling processes, and performance assessments
have been included in the review.
Anticancer Mechanisms of Berberine: A Good Choice for Glioblastoma
Multiforme Therapy
Authors: Bibak Bahram , Shakeri Farzaneh , Keshavarzi Zakieh , Mollazadeh Hamid , Javid Hossein , Jalili-Nik Mohammad , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Afshari Amir R. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The most typical malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),
seems to have a grim outcome, despite the intensive multi-modality interventions. Literature
suggests that biologically active phytomolecules may exert anticancer properties by
regulating several signaling pathways. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has various
pharmacological applications to combat severe diseases like cancer. Mechanistically, it
inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, suppresses tumor angiogenesis, and induces cell
apoptosis. The antitumoral effect of berberine in GBM is increasingly recognized. This
review sheds new light on the regulatory signaling mechanisms of berberine in various
cancers, proposing its potential role as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
The Current and Evolving Role of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal
Cancer
Authors: Riechelmann Rachel P. , Silva Virgilio S. , Mello Celso A. , Felismino Tiago , Taboada Rodrigo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Immunotherapy can be considered a therapeutic revolution in oncology, with great impact
on many tumor types, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, in metastatic colorectal
cancer, the benefits in terms of prolonged tumor control and high response rate are limited to the
rare subgroup of tumors with high mutation burden - mostly tumors that harbor microsatellite instability
(MSI) or a deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR), or tumor microsatellite stability and damaging
mutations in the exonuclease domains of POLE or POLD. The KEYNOTE-028 uncontrolled phase
II trial demonstrated an impressive antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in patients with treatmentrefractory
Lynch-associated tumors, including colorectal cancer. Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab
confirmed the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with previously treated
dMMR / MSI metastatic colorectal cancer. The recent KEYNOTE-177 phase III trial demonstrated
that pembrolizumab significantly reduced the relative risk of disease progression or death and improved
progression-free survival in patients with treatment-naive dMMR / MSI metastatic colorectal
cancer in comparison with first-line chemotherapy with or without biologics. Unfortunately, current
pharmacological strategies with immunotherapy have not been successful for most patients with microsatellite
stable metastatic colorectal cancer. In this review, we critically appraise the applicability of
immune checkpoint inhibitors in dMMR/MSI metastatic colorectal cancer. We also discuss the recent
negative trials of immunotherapy combinations in microsatellite stable tumors and more mature immunotherapy
ongoing studies in the field of advanced colorectal cancer.
A Machine Learning Perspective on DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes
Authors: Rossi Fabiana , Paiardini Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are particular structures found in guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences that exhibit a wide diversity of three-dimensional conformations and exert key functions in the control of gene expression. G4s are able to interact with numerous small molecules and endogenous proteins, and their dysregulation can lead to a variety of disorders and diseases. Characterization and prediction of G4-forming sequences could elucidate their mechanism of action and could thus represent an important step in the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. In this perspective, we propose an overview of G4s, discussing the state of the art of methodologies and tools developed to characterize and predict the presence of these structures in genomic sequences. In particular, we report on machine learning (ML) approaches and artificial neural networks (ANNs) that could open new avenues for the accurate analysis of quadruplexes, given their potential to derive informative features by learning from large, high-density datasets.
The Neuropharmacological Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol: A Review
of Signal Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Dai Xiaolin , Xie Long , Liu Kai , Liang Youdan , Cao Yi , Lu Jing , Wang Xian , Zhang Xumin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Magnolol and honokiol are natural lignans with good physiological effects. As the main active substances derived from Magnolia officinalis, their pharmacological activities have attracted extensive attention. It is reported that both of them can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert neuroprotective effects through a variety of mechanisms. This suggests that these two ingredients can be used as effective therapeutic compounds to treat a wide range of neurological diseases. This article provides a review of the mechanisms involved in the therapeu-tic effects of magnolol and honokiol in combating diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, neuroin-flammation, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors, as well as psychiatric disorders, such as anx-iety and depression. Although magnolol and honokiol have the pharmacological effects de-scribed above, their clinical potential remains untapped. More research is needed to improve the bioavailability of magnolol and honokiol and perform experiments to examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol and honokiol.
Japanese Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS): Development and Validation
Authors: Yamamoto Kazumichi , Ito Masami , Sakata Masatsugu , Koizumi Shiho , Hashisako Mizuho , Sato Masaaki , Stoyanov Stoyan R , Furukawa Toshi A 
Published: February 2022

Background
The number of mobile health (mHealth) apps continues to rise each year. Widespread use of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) has allowed objective and multidimensional evaluation of the quality of these apps. However, no Japanese version of MARS has been made available to date.

Objective
The purposes of this study were (1) to develop a Japanese version of MARS and (2) to assess the translated version’s reliability and validity in evaluating mHealth apps.

Methods
To develop the Japanese version of MARS, cross-cultural adaptation was used using a universalist approach. A total of 50 mental health apps were evaluated by 2 independent raters. Internal consistency and interrater reliability were then calculated. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using multitrait scaling analysis and concurrent validity.

Results
After cross-cultural adaptation, all 23 items from the original MARS were included in the Japanese version. Following translation, back-translation, and review by the author of the original MARS, a Japanese version of MARS was finalized. Internal consistency was acceptable by all subscales of objective and subjective quality (Cronbach α=.78-.89). Interrater reliability was deemed acceptable, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.61 to 0.79 for all subscales, except for “functionality,” which had an ICC of 0.40. Convergent/divergent validity and concurrent validity were also considered acceptable. The rate of missing responses was high in several items in the “information” subscale.

Conclusions
A Japanese version of MARS was developed and shown to be reliable and valid to a degree that was comparable to the original MARS. This Japanese version of MARS can be used as a standard to evaluate the quality and credibility of mHealth apps.
Volume Progression and Imaging Classification of Polycystic Liver in Early Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bae Kyongtae T. , Tao Cheng , Feldman Robert , Yu Alan S.L. , Torres Vicente E. , Perrone Ronald D. , Chapman Arlene B. , Brosnahan Godela , Steinman Theodore I. , Braun William E. , Mrug Michal , Bennett William M. , Harris Peter C. , Srivastava Avantika , Landsittel Douglas P. , Abebe Kaleab Z. ,   the CRISP and HALT PKD Consortium
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives
The progression of polycystic liver disease is not well understood. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the associations of polycystic liver progression with other disease progression variables and classify liver progression on the basis of patient's age, height-adjusted liver cystic volume, and height-adjusted liver volume.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance images from 670 patients with early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease for up to 14 years of follow-up were evaluated to measure height-adjusted liver cystic volume and height-adjusted liver volume. Among them, 245 patients with liver cyst volume >50 ml at baseline were included in the longitudinal analysis. Linear mixed models on log-transformed height-adjusted liver cystic volume and height-adjusted liver volume were fitted to approximate mean annual rate of change for each outcome. The association of sex, body mass index, genotype, baseline height-adjusted total kidney volume, and Mayo imaging class was assessed. We calculated height-adjusted liver cystic volume ranges for each specific age and divided them into five classes on the basis of annual percentage increase in height-adjusted liver cystic volume.

Results
The mean annual growth rate of height-adjusted liver cystic volume was 12% (95% confidence interval, 11.1% to 13.1%; P<0.001), whereas that for height-adjusted liver volume was 2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9% to 2.6%; P<0.001). Women had higher baseline height-adjusted liver cystic volume than men, but men had higher height-adjusted liver cystic volume growth rate than women by 2% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 4.5%; P=0.02). Whereas the height-adjusted liver cystic volume growth rate decreased in women after menopause, no decrease was observed in men at any age. Body mass index, genotype, and baseline height-adjusted total kidney volume were not associated with the growth rate of height-adjusted liver cystic volume or height-adjusted liver volume. According to the height-adjusted liver cystic volume growth rate, patients were classified into five classes (number of women, men in each class): A (24, six); B (44, 13); C (43, 48); D (28, 17); and E (13, nine).

Conclusions
Compared with height-adjusted liver volume, the use of height-adjusted liver cystic volume showed greater separations in volumetric progression of polycystic liver disease. Similar to the Mayo imaging classification for the kidney, the progression of polycystic liver disease may be categorized on the basis of patient’s age and height-adjusted liver cystic volume.
OBJECTIVITY ISSUES IN ISLAMIC THOUGHT: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
Authors: Kourime Souad 
Published: February 2022

Objectivity is a key standard to assess any intellectual work in Islamic Thought. This standard helps differentiate between methodological work that is characterized by objectivity, and doctrinal or ideological work where subjectivity predominates. However, there are major obstacles that stand in the way of applying this objective assessment; namely the problem of defining the boundaries between al-Manhajiyah (methodology) and al-Madhhabiyah (doctrinal thinking or ideology) in Islamic Thought. Defining those boundaries encounters, and is influenced by, a series of problems, most notably the conceptual confusion caused by the lack of precision in the definition of the words: al-Manhaj (method) and al-Madhhab (doctrine). This study aims at solving these problems by determining the points of convergence and divergence between what is purely objective and methodological, and what is purely subjective and based on doctrinal affiliation. In order to achieve this goal, this paper used a conceptual approach to study the concepts of al-Manhaj (method) and al-Madhhab (doctrine) based on their maturity, and the agreement upon their meaning. The paper also demonstrated the impact of each criterion on objectivity in Islamic Thought. The methods of research used in this study are thematic and qualitative analysis.
Caretagem, uma manifestação identitária na comunidade quilombola São Domingos
Authors: De Sousa Rosineide Magalhães , Silva Luiz Henrique Gomes da 
Published: February 2022

Neste trabalho, buscamos compreender qual a relação da caretagem como marca de identidade quilombola da Comunidade São Domingos - MG, tendo como base pressupostos teóricos relacionados à identidade (GIDDENS, 1991; HALL, 1992) entre outros e metodológicos através etnografia (FLICK, 2009; MAGNANI 2002). O objetivo central da pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, etnográfico, é investigar a relação da identidade dos integrantes da comunidade quilombola São Domingos, que se manifesta pela dança da Caretagem. Para tanto, em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com integrantes da comunidade, buscamos investigar a cultura e a identidade. Os principais resultados encontrados indicam que muitos se identificam e sentem orgulho de serem quilombolas, inclusive manifestam esse orgulho perpetuando suas culturas, como a Caretagem, referendando sinais de pertencimento. Todavia, também há traços de deslocamento e novas construções de autoidentidades que apontam para o desejo de mudança de alguns integrantes, principalmente os mais jovens, o que não impede de que suas culturas, principalmente a caretagem, sejam perpetuadas na comunidade.