bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates in a deciduous woody species from tropical dry forests under recurrent water deficit
Authors: Santos Mariana , Nicodemos Joana , Santos Mauro G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn tropical dry forests, both the dry and the short rainy seasons have become increasingly irregular. This study replicated these conditions to investigate the effects of two water deficit cycles on Cenostigma microphyllum seedlings. Impacts were assessed by measuring growth traits, water relations, gas exchange, and dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the whole plant under greenhouse conditions in potted plants. In the first water deficit cycle, the leaf relative water content (RWC) was maintained at the expense of a rapid drop in gas exchange. Furthermore, there was a slight accumulation of NSC, mainly soluble sugars (SS) in the stem wood and roots, to the detriment of height and stem diameter growth. In the second cycle, the leaf RWC remained 40% higher than the lowest level measured in the first water deficit, and CO2 assimilation remained twice as long in previously stressed plants. The SS content of the stems and roots was strongly correlated with the predawn leaf RWC. No strong reduction was observed in the bark stock even with the gradual increase of SS in the wood. Our data suggest that under recurrent water deficit prior to leaf drop, CO2 assimilation is maintained, with the highest possible leaf RWC, under reduced stomatal conductance. This assists in SS transport to wood and root, which is no longer used to support the growth of the aboveground parts.
In the Semi‐Shadow of the Global West: Moroccan zawāyā as Good Public Administration
Authors: Chafik Salah , Drechsler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 2020 international protests addressing structural racism and colonial legacies have also questioned Western ascendancy on defining (good) governance. Non‐Western traditional forms of governance surviving today, despite not receiving much academic attention, pose an obvious alternative. This study analyses key indigenous institutions in Morocco known as zawāyā, and in doing so, fills some of the lacunae on Islamic‐African public administration. Drawing from novel data collected via ethnographic fieldwork across three domains of public service provision, the authors, apparently for the first time in such a context, present a public administration that is functional in its operation, delivering on its goals, and on both counts markedly different from the global‐Western mainstream. Our results uncover a public administration that (1) coexists with a larger state, (2) delivers coproduced services, and (3) merits recognition.
MAT‐Index: An index for fast multiple aspect trajectory similarity measuring
Authors: de Souza Ana Paula Ramos , Renso Chiara , Perego Raffaele , Bogorny Vania 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe semantic enrichment of mobility data with several information sources has led to a new type of movement data, the so‐called multiple aspect trajectories. Comparing multiple aspect trajectories is crucial for several analysis tasks such as querying, clustering, similarity, and classification. Multiple aspect trajectory similarity measurement is more complex and computationally expensive, because of the large number and heterogeneous aspects of space, time, and semantics that require a different treatment. Only a few works in the literature focus on optimizing all these dimensions in a single solution, and, to the best of our knowledge, none of them proposes a fast point‐to‐point comparison. In this article we propose the Multiple Aspect Trajectory Index, an index data structure for optimizing the point‐to‐point comparison of multiple aspect trajectories, considering its three basic dimensions of space, time, and semantics. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show a processing time reduction of up to 98.1%.
Humoral immunity of BBIBP‐CorV (Sinopharm) in kidney transplant recipients: Is it time to revise vaccination strategies
Authors: Nafar Mohsen , Chehrazi Saghar , Dalili Nooshin , Firouzan Ahmad , Poorrezagholi Fatemeh , Samadian Fariba , Samavat Shiva 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is high in transplant patients, and effective vaccination is aimed to reduce severe disease and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate humoral and cellular response to two 4‐μg doses of BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in 100 kidney transplant recipients, using anti‐spike IgG, total anti‐receptor‐binding domain, neutralizing antibody (Ab) level (enzyme‐linked immunoassay), and interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA).ResultsSeroconversion was evaluated 85.84 ± 30.72 days after the second dose. Note that, 58% of all and 43.05% of infection‐naïve participants have developed at least one of the tested antibodies. IGRA was positive in 30.7% of tested transplant recipients. Sixty percent of the participants had either humoral or cellular responses to COVID‐19. Only age was independently linked to seropositivity of any degree after vaccination (p < .05). COVID‐naïve patients older than 60 years developed significantly less neutralizing Abs. (p = .011). Six patients developed mild COVID infection more than a month after the second dose of the vaccine (54.5 ± 20.8 days). No vaccine‐related adverse effects were reported, except self‐limited mild to moderate fever and injection site pain.ConclusionBBIBP‐CorV vaccine can be used safely in kidney transplant recipients, although impaired cellular and humoral immunity necessitate adjustments in vaccination strategies, like higher (8‐μg doses), fourth booster dose, or boost with different platform vaccine.
Two independent cis‐acting elements are required for the guard cell‐specific expression of SCAP1, which is essential for late stomatal development
Authors: Moriwaki Kosuke , Yanagisawa Shuichi , Iba Koh , Negi Juntaro 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYRegulating the stomatal aperture to adapt to environmental changes is critical for plants as stomatal guard cells are responsible for gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. We previously showed that a plant‐specific DNA‐binding with one finger (Dof)‐type transcription factor, SCAP1, functions as a key regulator in the final stages of guard cell differentiation. In the present study, we performed deletion and gain‐of‐function analyses with the 5′ flanking region of SCAP1 to identify the regulatory region controlling the guard cell‐specific expression of SCAP1. The results revealed that two cis‐acting elements, 5′‐CACGAGA‐3′ and 5′‐CACATGTTTCCC‐3′, are crucial for the guard cell‐specific expression of SCAP1. Consistently, when an 80‐bp promoter region including these two cis‐elements was fused to a gene promoter that is not active in guard cells, it functioned as a promoter that directed gene expression in guard cells. Furthermore, the promoter region of HT1 encoding the central regulator of stomatal CO2 signaling was also found to contain a 5′‐CACGAGA‐3′ sequence, which was confirmed to function as a cis‐element necessary for guard cell‐specific expression of HT1. These findings suggest the existence of a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism that synchronously promotes the expression of multiple genes required for the stomatal maturation and function.
Incremental net benefit of cholecystectomy compared with alternative treatments in people with gallstones or cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cost–utility studies
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Sajith Kumar S , Natarajan Meenakumari , Sasidharan Akhil 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionCholecystectomy is a standard treatment in the management of symptomatic gallstone disease. Current literature has contradicting views on the cost-effectiveness of different cholecystectomy treatments. We have conducted a systematic reappraisal of literature concerning the cost-effectiveness of cholecystectomy in management of gallstone disease.MethodsWe systematically searched for economic evaluation studies from PubMed, Embase and Scopus for eligible studies from inception up to July 2020. We pooled the incremental net benefit (INB) with a 95% CI using a random-effects model. We assessed the heterogeneity using the Cochrane-Q test, I2statistic. We have used the modified economic evaluation bias (ECOBIAS) checklist for quality assessment of the selected studies. We assessed the possibility of publication bias using a funnel plot and Egger’s test.ResultsWe have selected 28 studies for systematic review from a search that retrieved 8710 studies. Among them, seven studies were eligible for meta-analysis, all from high-income countries (HIC). Studies mainly reported comparisons between surgical treatments, but non-surgical gallstone disease management studies were limited. The early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) was significantly more cost-effective compared with the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) with an INB of US$1221 (US$187 to US$2255) but with high heterogeneity (I2=73.32%). The subgroup and sensitivity analysis also supported that ELC is the most cost-effective option for managing gallstone disease or cholecystitis.ConclusionELC is more cost-effective than DLC in the treatment of gallstone disease or cholecystitis in HICs. There was insufficient literature on comparison with other treatment options, such as conservative management and limited evidence from other economies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020194052.
JAK and mTOR inhibitors prevent cytokine release while retaining T cell bispecific antibody in vivo efficacy
Authors: Leclercq Gabrielle , Haegel Hélène , Toso Alberto , Zimmermann Tina , Green Luke , Steinhoff Nathalie , Sam Johannes , Pulko Vesna , Schneider Anneliese , Giusti Anna Maria , Challier John , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Larivière Laurent , Odermatt Alex , Stern Martin , Umana Pablo , Bacac Marina , Klein Christian 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundT cell engaging therapies, like chimeric antigen receptor T cells and T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs), efficiently redirect T cells towards tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing, a process that is accompanied by the release of cytokines. Despite their promising efficacy in the clinic, treatment with TCBs is associated with a risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The aim of this study was to identify small molecules able to mitigate cytokine release while retaining T cell-mediated tumor killing.MethodsBy screening a library of 52 Food and Drug Administration approved kinase inhibitors for their impact on T cell proliferation and cytokine release after CD3 stimulation, we identified mTOR, JAK and Src kinases inhibitors as potential candidates to modulate TCB-mediated cytokine release at pharmacologically active doses. Using an in vitro model of target cell killing by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we assessed the effects of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors combined with 2+1 T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) including CEA-TCB and CD19-TCB on T cell activation, proliferation and target cell killing measured by flow cytometry and cytokine release measured by Luminex. The combination of mTOR, JAK and Src kinase inhibitors together with CD19-TCB was evaluated in vivo in non-tumor bearing stem cell humanized NSG mice in terms of B cell depletion and in a lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in humanized NSG mice in terms of antitumor efficacy.ResultsThe effect of Src inhibitors differed from those of mTOR and JAK inhibitors with the suppression of CD19-TCB-induced tumor cell lysis in vitro, whereas mTOR and JAK inhibitors primarily affected TCB-mediated cytokine release. Importantly, we confirmed in vivo that Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors strongly reduced CD19-TCB-induced cytokine release. In humanized NSG mice, continuous treatment with a Src inhibitor prevented CD19-TCB-mediated B cell depletion in contrast to mTOR and JAK inhibitors, which retained CD19-TCB efficacy. Ultimately, transient treatment with Src, mTOR and JAK inhibitors minimally interfered with antitumor efficacy in a lymphoma PDX model.ConclusionsTaken together, these data support further evaluation of the use of Src, JAK and mTOR inhibitors as prophylactic treatment to prevent occurrence of CRS.
What amount of structural damage defines sacroiliitis: a CT study
Authors: Hermann Kay Geert A , Ziegeler Katharina , Kreutzinger Virginie , Poddubnyy Denis , Proft Fabian , Deppe Dominik , Greese Juliane , Sieper Joachim , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo propose a data-driven definition for structural changes of sacroiliac (SI) joints in the context of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) imaging on a large collective of CT datasets.Methods546 individuals (102 axSpA, 80 non-axSpA low back pain and 364 controls without back pain) with SI joint CTs were evaluated for erosions, sclerosis and ankylosis using a structured scoring system. Lesion frequencies and spatial distribution were compared between groups. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive values, negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios) was calculated for different combinations of imaging findings. Clinical diagnosis served as standard of reference.ResultsAnkylosis and/or erosions of the middle and dorsal joint portions yielded the best diagnostic performance with SE 67.6% and SP 96.3%. Inclusion of ventral erosions and sclerosis resulted in lower diagnostic performance with SE 71.2%/SP 92.5% and SE 70.6%/SP 90.0%, respectively.ConclusionsSclerosis and ventrally located erosions of SI joints have lower specificity on CT of the SI joint in the context of axSpA imaging. Ankylosis and/or erosions of the middle and dorsal joint portions show a strong diagnostic performance and are appropriate markers of a positive SI joint by CT.
Association of Genetic Ancestry and Molecular Signatures with Cancer Survival Disparities: A Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Lee Kara Keun , Rishishwar Lavanya , Ban Dongjo , Nagar Shashwat Deepali , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo , McDonald John F. , Jordan I. King 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

While overall cancer mortality has steadily decreased in recent decades, cancer health disparities among racial and ethnic population groups persist. Here we studied the relationship between cancer survival disparities (CSD), genetic ancestry (GA), and tumor molecular signatures across 33 cancers in a cohort of 9,818 patients. GA correlated with race and ethnicity but showed observable differences in effects on CSD, with significant associations identified in four cancer types: breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and skin cutaneous carcinoma (SKCM). Differential gene expression and methylation between ancestry groups associated cancer-related genes with CSD, of which, seven protein-coding genes [progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 6 (PAQR6), Lck-interacting transmembrane adaptor 1 (LIME1), Sin3A-associated protein 25 (SAP25), MAX dimerization protein 3 (MXD3), coiled-coil glutamate rich protein 2 (CCER2), refilin A (RFLNA), and cathepsin W (CTSW)] significantly interacted with GA and exacerbated observed survival disparities. These findings indicated that regulatory changes mediated by epigenetic mechanisms have a greater contribution to CSD than population-specific mutations. Overall, we uncovered various molecular mechanisms through which GA might impact CSD, revealing potential population-specific therapeutic targets for groups disproportionately burdened by cancer.

Significance:
This large-cohort, multicancer study identifies four cancer types with cancer survival disparities and seven cancer-related genes that interact with genetic ancestry and contribute to disparities.
Night Shift Work, MTNR1B rs10830963 Polymorphism, and Prostate Cancer Risk: Findings from a Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: Yang Lulu , Chen Jie , Feng Hongliang , Ai Sizhi , Liu Yue , Chen Xinru , Lei Binbin , Chan Joey W.Y. , Chau Steven Wai Ho , Tse Lap Ah , Ho Amy Wing-Yin , Ho Chung Shun , Wing Yun Kwok , Zhang Jihui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
The association between night shift work and prostate cancer is controversial. Evidence shows that genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the development of prostate cancer. It is well known that melatonin plays a protective role in prostate cancer. Melatonin receptor 1B gene (MTNR1B) rs10830963 influences the dynamics of melatonin secretion, and night shift work, which disrupts our internal circadian rhythms, also dysregulates the production of melatonin. Therefore, we aimed to examine the interaction between night shift work and rs10830963 polymorphism on prostate cancer.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study based on UK Biobank that included 133,416 employed male participants. Exposures included night shift work and rs10830963 polymorphism. The primary outcome was the incidence of prostate cancer. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association of night shift work and MTNR1B rs10830963 with prostate cancer.

Results:
A significant interaction was found between night shift work and MTNR1B rs10830963 on the incidence of prostate cancer (P = 0.009). Among non–night shift workers, rs10830963 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Among night shift workers, compared with CC carriers, GC carriers had a significantly lower risk of prostate cancer [HR: 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.93], and similar associations were more evident for GG carriers (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.75).

Conclusions:
Compared with MTNR1B rs10830963 CC, carrying allele G may reduce the risk of prostate cancer when exposed to night shift work.

Impact:
These results suggest that rs10830963 G carriers may have a lower risk of prostate cancer when taking night shifts.
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy plus Nivolumab before Surgery in Patients with Microsatellite Stable and Microsatellite Instability–High Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Bando Hideaki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Inamori Koji , Togashi Yosuke , Koyama Shohei , Kotani Daisuke , Fukuoka Shota , Yuki Satoshi , Komatsu Yoshito , Homma Shigenori , Taketomi Akinobu , Uemura Mamoru , Kato Takeshi , Fukui Makoto , Wakabayashi Masashi , Nakamura Naoki , Kojima Motohiro , Kawachi Hiroshi , Kirsch Richard , Yoshida Tsutomu , Suzuki Yutaka , Sato Akihiro , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Ito Masaaki , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgical resection are the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiation suggests a promising approach for enhancing efficacy. We investigated the efficacy of CRT followed by nivolumab and surgery in patients with LARC.

Patients and Methods:
In phase I, we investigated the feasibility of sequentially combined CRT, 5 cycles of nivolumab, and radical surgery. In phase II, patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) LARC were evaluated.

Results:
Three patients in phase I received full courses of CRT and nivolumab without dose modification; the schedule was recommended for phase II. A pathologic complete response (pCR) was centrally confirmed in 30% [11/37; 90% confidence interval (CI), 18%–44%] and 60% (3/5) of the MSS and exploratory MSI-H cohorts, respectively. While immune-related severe adverse events were observed in 3 patients, no treatment-related deaths were observed. In 38 patients with MSS who underwent surgery, pCR rates of 75% (6/8) and 17% (5/30; P = 0.004, Fisher exact test) were observed in those with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score ≥1% and &lt;1%, respectively; IHC staining was performed using pre-CRT samples. In 24 patients with MSS, pre-CRT samples were analyzed by flow cytometry; pCR rates of 78% (7/9) and 13% (2/15; P = 0.003, Fisher exact test) were observed for CD8+ T cell/effector regulatory T cell (CD8/eTreg) ratios of ≥2.5 and &lt;2.5, respectively, in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Conclusions:
CRT followed by consolidation nivolumab could increase pCR. PD-L1 expression and an elevated CD8/eTreg ratio were positive predictors in patients with MSS LARC.
Examining Tobacco Treatment Perceptions and Barriers among Black versus Non-Black Adults Attending Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Bold Krysten W. , Cannon Sydney , Ford Bennie B. , Neveu Susan , Sather Polly , Toll Benjamin A. , Fucito Lisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe US Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual lung cancer screening for patients at high risk based on age and smoking history. Understanding the characteristics of patients attending lung cancer screening, including potential barriers to quitting smoking, may inform ways to engage these high-risk patients in tobacco treatment and address health disparities. Patients attending lung cancer screening who currently smoke cigarettes completed a survey at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven (N = 74) and the Medical University of South Carolina (N = 73) at the time of their appointment. The survey assessed demographics, smoking history, and perceptions and concerns about quitting smoking.Patients were 55 to 76 years old (mean = 63.3, SD = 5.3), N = 64 (43.5%) female, and N = 31 (21.1%) non-Hispanic Black. Patients smoked 16.3 cigarettes per day on average (SD = 9.2) and rated interest in quitting smoking in the next month as moderate (mean = 5.6, SD = 3.1, measured from 0 = “very definitely no” to 10 = “very definitely yes”). The most frequently endorsed concerns about quitting smoking were missing smoking (70.7%), worry about having strong urges to smoke (63.9%), and concerns about withdrawal symptoms (59.9%). In comparison with other races/ethnicities, Black patients were less likely to report concerns about withdrawal symptoms and more likely to report smoking less now and perceiving no need to quit. Findings identified specific barriers for tobacco treatment and differences by race/ethnicity among patients attending lung cancer screening, including concerns about withdrawal symptoms and perceived need to quit. Identifying ways to promote tobacco treatment is important for reducing morbidity and mortality among this high-risk population.Prevention Relevance:The current study examines patient characteristics and tobacco treatment perceptions and barriers among patients attending lung cancer screening who continue to smoke cigarettes that may help inform ways to increase treatment engagement and address tobacco-related health disparities to reduce morbidity and mortality from smoking.
Toward a Reading of Proverbs 30:1b: Tracing the Life of the Text in the Versions
Authors: Kirk Alexander T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Proverbs 30:1b presents one of the most intractable text-critical dilemmas in the HB. Following Ronald Troxel’s suggestion that text criticism be reimagined as “a commentary on the life of the text,” I suggest the way forward in reading Prov 30:1b lies in carefully engaging with the versions as a window on its history. Emerging from this process, I argue that Prov 30:1b may have once read *לָאִיתִי וְלֹא אוּכָל, “I am weary and powerless.” Early on, however, this text was conflated with another textual tradition that read a proper name thus producing a double reading. In time, scribes harmonized this double reading which then calcified in MT. The versions and analogous biblical passages suggest the proposed text, while documented scribal practice and lexical usage support it.