bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative care and planning
Authors: Atkins Joshua H. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Herlich Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Patients undergoing complex major oromaxillofacial surgical procedures are at substantial risk of postoperative complications, potentiated by the multiple comorbidities common to this population, and being associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective postoperative care relies upon thorough preoperative assessment, optimization of these chronic medical conditions (and medications), delivery of precise intraoperative care, and meticulous planning for the postoperative period—enabling transfer to an appropriate postoperative care facility and facilitating the streamlining of patient care. Continuous and close postoperative physiological monitoring is essential, accompanied by regular and frequent clinical reassessment by a well-staffed multidisciplinary team, capable of delivering specialist supportive care, and trained in early identification (and prompt management) of clinical deterioration, such that patient outcomes are optimized and a return to baseline function can be expeditiously achieved. This chapter outlines the principles in postoperative planning and care of the oromaxillofacial surgical patient, highlighting some procedure-specific strategies, and emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.
Epidemiology of hypertension
Authors: Nadar Sunil K. , Harrison Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is a common condition and is associated with a high risk of future cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular-related events. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. Many modifiable and non-modifiable factors influence the prevalence of hypertension. Potentially modifiable risk factors for hypertension include high salt consumption, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, high alcohol consumption, not maintaining optimal body weight, and low physical activity/sedentary lifestyle. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, male sex, ethnicity, and genetic factors. Although the prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide, there are disparities between countries, with low- and middle-income countries experiencing the highest increase in prevalence of hypertension. From a public health point of view, population and opportunistic screening and patient education of lifestyle influences of hypertension are important in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of hypertension.
The eye in hypertension
Authors: Lip Peck Lin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertensive retinopathy is a manifestation of retinal microvascular damage in the eye related to the chronic insult of high blood pressure. The eye is perhaps the only organ where changes due to hypertension can be directly visualized on examination. The chapter describes the pathological changes of the retinal vasculature with corresponding clinical features related to chronic exposure to high blood pressure. It also revisits the classifications of hypertensive retinopathy which have been simplified to correlate more closely with risk stratification of end-organ damage and prognosis. The chapter also covers some common specific disease entities of eye complications secondary to hypertension, its ocular presentation, and current treatment options.
Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension
Authors: Wei Fang-Fei , Liu Chen , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Resistant hypertension refers to a lack of ambulatory blood pressure response to optimized medical treatment after exclusion of secondary hypertension in patients who are fully adherent to antihypertensive therapy. Patients with resistant hypertension are at high risk of complications, particularly cardiovascular events. This chapter reviews the prevalence and risks associated with treatment-resistant hypertension, and new insights in the diagnosis and management of treatment-resistant hypertension by medication and devices. The conclusion is that optimization of medical treatment remains the cornerstone of management of resistant hypertension. The efficacy of device-based therapies for resistant hypertension has not been proven; however, these approaches provide opportunities for further research.
Hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The frequent coexistence of hypertension with diabetes increases the risk of macrovascular or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure, and microvascular complications (including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of blood pressure lowering in reducing these diabetes complications. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms explain this coexistence, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, plasma volume expansion, and increased arterial stiffness. Effective management of diabetes should target optimal blood pressure and lipid management with individualized glycaemic control. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) should be used as first-line therapy for blood pressure lowering, as monotherapy or in combinations, to prevent or reduce the burden of ASCVD, heart failure, and microvascular complications.
Identification of Grand-design and Flocculent spirals from SDSS using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Sarkar Suman , Narayanan Ganesh , Banerjee Arunima , Prakash Prem 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Spiral galaxies can be classified into the Grand-designs and Flocculents based on the nature of their spiral arms. The Grand-designs exhibit almost continuous and high contrast spiral arms and are believed to be driven by stationary density waves, while the Flocculents have patchy and low-contrast spiral features and are primarily stochastic in origin. We train a deep convolutional neural network model to classify spirals into Grand-designs and Flocculents, with a testing accuracy of $\mathrm{97.2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}}$. We then use the above model for classifying 1354 spirals from the SDSS. Out of these, 721 were identified as Flocculents, and the rest as Grand-designs. Interestingly, we find the mean asymptotic rotational velocities of our newly classified Grand-designs and Flocculents are 218 ± 86 and 146 ± 67 km s−1, respectively, indicating that the Grand-designs are mostly the high-mass and the Flocculents the intermediate-mass spirals. This is further corroborated by the observation that the mean morphological indices of the Grand-designs and Flocculents are 2.6 ± 1.8 and 4.7 ± 1.9, respectively, implying that the Flocculents primarily consist of a late-type galaxy population in contrast to the Grand-designs. Finally, an almost equal fraction of bars ∼0.3 in both the classes of spiral galaxies reveals that the presence of a bar component does not regulate the type of spiral arm hosted by a galaxy. Our results may have important implications for formation and evolution of spiral arms in galaxies.
An analytical solution to measure the gas size in protoplanetary discs in the viscous self-similar scenario
Authors: Toci Claudia , Lodato Giuseppe , Livio Francesco Gerardo , Rosotti Giovanni , Trapman Leon 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In order to understand which mechanism is responsible for accretion in protoplanetary discs, a robust knowledge of the observed disc radius using gas tracers such as 12CO and other CO isotopologues is pivotal. Indeed, the two main theories proposed, viscous accretion and wind-driven accretion, predict different time evolution for the disc radii. In this letter, we present an analytical solution for the evolution of the disc radii in viscously evolving protoplanetary discs using 12CO as a tracer, under the assumption that the 12CO radius is the radius where the surface density of the disc is equal to the threshold for CO photodissociation. We discuss the properties of the solution and the limits of its applicability as a simple numerical prescription to evaluate the observed disc radii of populations of discs. Our results suggest that, in addition to photodissociation, also freeze out plays an important role in setting the disc size. We find an effective reduction of the CO abundance by about two orders of magnitude at the location of CO photodissociation, which, however, should not be interpreted as the bulk abundance of CO in the disc. The use of our analytical solution will allow to compute disc sizes for large quantities of models without using expensive computational resources such as radiative transfer calculations.
Boosting molecular diffusion following the generalized Murray's Law by constructing hierarchical zeolites for maximized catalytic activity
Authors: Sun Ming-Hui , Gao Shu-Shu , Hu Zhi-Yi , Barakat Tarek , Liu Zhan , Yu Shen , Lyu Jia-Min , Li Yu , Xu Shu-Tao , Chen Li-Hua , Su Bao-Lian 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Diffusion is an extremely critical step in zeolite catalysis that determines the catalytic performance, in particular for the conversion of bulky molecules. Introducing interconnected mesopores and macropores into a single microporous zeolite with the rationalized pore size at each level is an effective strategy to suppress the diffusion limitations, but remains highly challenging due to the lack of rational design principles. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of boosting molecular diffusion by constructing hierarchical Murray zeolites with a highly ordered and fully interconnected macro–meso–microporous structure on the basis of the generalized Murray's Law. Such a hierarchical Murray zeolite with a refined quantitative relationship between the pore size at each length scale exhibited 9 and 5 times higher effective diffusion rates, leading to 2.5 and 1.5 times higher catalytic performance in the bulky 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene cracking reaction than those of microporous ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 nanocrystals, respectively. The concept of hierarchical Murray zeolites with optimized structural features and their design principles could be applied to other catalytic reactions for maximized performance.
Bebtelovimab for High-Risk Outpatients With Early COVID-19 in a Large US Health System
Authors: Dryden-Peterson Scott , Kim Andy , Joyce Mary-Ruth , Johnson Jennifer A , Kim Arthur Y , Baden Lindsey R , Woolley Ann E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There are limited data for the clinical efficacy of bebtelovimab in preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019. Among outpatients unable to take nirmatrelvir-ritonavir at a large health system, 10 of 377 (2.7%) patients who received bebtelovimab and 17 of 377 (4.5%) matched untreated patients were hospitalized or died. The 43% observed risk reduction with bebtelovimab was not statistically significant (P = 0.14).
Severe iron deficiency anemia in the paediatric emergency department: A retrospective study
Authors: Speckert Matthew , Ramic Lana , Mitsakakis Nicholas , Bijelić Vid , Liebman Mira , Leung Elaine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion is discouraged in hemodynamically stable children with severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Intravenous (IV) iron sucrose (IS) could be an alternative for some patients; however, there is a paucity of data on its use in the paediatric emergency department (ED).MethodsWe analyzed patients presenting with severe IDA at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) ED between September 1, 2017, and June 1, 2021. We defined severe IDA as microcytic anemia &lt;70 g/L and either a ferritin &lt;12 ng/mL or a documented clinical diagnosis.ResultsOf 57 patients, 34 (59%) presented with nutritional IDA and 16 (28%) presented with IDA secondary to menstrual bleeding. Fifty-five (95%) patients received oral iron. Thirteen (23%) patients additionally received IS and after 2 weeks, the average Hgb was similar to transfused patients. The median time for patients receiving IS without PRBC transfusion to increase their Hgb by at least 20 g/L was 7 days (95%CI 0.7 to 10.5 days). Of 16 (28%) children who were transfused with PRBC, there were three mild reactions, and one patient who developed transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO). There were two mild and no severe reactions to IV iron. There were no return visits to the ED due to anemia in the following 30 days.ConclusionsManagement of severe IDA with IS was associated with a rapid rise in Hgb without severe reactions or returns to ED. This study highlights a strategy for management of severe IDA in hemodynamically stable children that spares them the risks associated with PRBC transfusion. Paediatric specific guidelines and prospective studies are needed to guide the use of IV iron in this population.
Cumulative Environmental Risk in Early Life: Associations With Schizotypy in Childhood
Authors: O’Hare Kirstie , Watkeys Oliver , Whitten Tyson , Dean Kimberlie , Laurens Kristin R , Tzoumakis Stacy , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J , Green Melissa J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisPsychotic disorders are associated with a growing number of recognized environmental exposures. Cumulative exposure to multiple environmental risk factors in childhood may contribute to the development of different patterns of schizotypy evident in early life. Hypotheses were that distinct profiles of schizotypy would have differential associations with a cumulative score of environmental risk factors.Study DesignWe prospectively examined the relationship between 19 environmental exposures (which had demonstrated replicated associations with psychosis) measured from the prenatal period through to age 11 years, and 3 profiles of schizotypy in children (mean age = 11.9 years, n = 20 599) that have been established in population data from the New South Wales-Child Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between membership in each of 3 schizotypy profiles (true schizotypy, introverted schizotypy, and affective schizotypy) and exposure to a range of 19 environmental risk factors for psychosis (both individually and summed as a cumulative environmental risk score [ERS]), relative to children showing no risk.ResultsAlmost all environmental factors were associated with at least 1 schizotypy profile. The cumulative ERS was most strongly associated with the true schizotypy profile (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.52–1.70), followed by the affective (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.28–1.38), and introverted (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.28–1.37) schizotypy profiles.ConclusionsConsistent with the cumulative risk hypothesis, results indicate that an increased number of risk exposures is associated with an increased likelihood of membership in the 3 schizotypy profiles identified in middle childhood, relative to children with no schizotypy profile.
Causal relationships of excessive daytime napping with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jiayun , Chen Jie , Zhu Tianren , Fu Yuanyuan , Cheongi Io Hong , Yi Kexin , Wang Hui , Li Xue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Previous observational studies have found conflicting evidence on the relationship between daytime napping and incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but it remains unclear whether these associations present causality. This study aims to verify whether and why there is a causal relationship between these parameters, and whether there is an etiological basis.

Methods
A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with daytime napping. Summary-level data for coronary atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis, total CVD, and five CVD outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen study. Meta-analyses were aimed at investigating the relationships of excessive daytime napping with total CVD, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke incidence. Subgroup, network meta-analysis (NMA) and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were also performed in this study.

Results
The inverse-variance weighted method demonstrated that a genetic predisposition to more frequent daytime napping was significantly associated with higher odds of coronary atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 2.17), MI (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.50), and heart failure (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.28 to 2.52). In NMA, an increased risk of developing CVD in people who napped for more than 60 min a day than those who did not nap was demonstrated and then supported by TSA results (summary relative risk = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.82).

Conclusion
Habitual daytime napping is causally associated with an increased risk of incident CVD primarily via the development of coronary atherosclerosis. An average napping duration of more than 60 min is associated with an elevated risk of CVD in all participants.
Research on the comfort degradation mechanism of high-speed railway passengers: a field study using dynamic interface pressure
Authors: Peng Yong , Sun Dayan , Fan Chaojie , Wu Zhifa , Yi Shengen , Peng Yuexiang , Liu Yingjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Discomfort caused by long-term sitting decreases the passenger experience and may lead to musculoskeletal diseases, and this has become one of the main problems for passengers of high-speed railways. However, the comfort degradation mechanism during long-term sitting in high-speed railways is still unknown. This study aimed to reveal passengers’ sitting comfort degradation mechanism in high-speed railways. By carrying out long-term sitting tests on high-speed trains running on the Shanghai-Kunming line, the dynamic interface pressure and subjective comfort including overall and regional comfort of seven participants were obtained. Machine learning models and statistical analysis methods were combined for data analysis to reveal the effect of regional comfort and the contribution of sitting duration during the process of sitting comfort degradation. The results show that overall comfort is most significantly influenced by the comfort of the shoulders, waist and buttocks. The seats play different roles before and after 20 minutes during long-term sitting and there is a lag between the fatigue occurring and being offset. Therefore, the structure of seats affects overall comfort by affecting important regional comfort, and a long-term sitting test is necessary for accurate seat assessment. The comfort degradation mechanism can be used to define standards for long-term sitting comfort or provide guidance for seat evaluation, and the design and evaluation plan mentioned in this article for second-class seats can be applied to other cases with limited accommodating space.
Quality-Improvement Initiative for Expedited Partner Therapy Provision in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Office
Authors: Vasudeva Isha , Hartnett Janice , Bondi Laura , Newmark Alexis , Lindsay Sarah 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;140:305–310)
Women of childbearing age are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, and have other serious implications. Sexual partners of patients diagnosed with gonorrheal or chlamydial infections are at high risk of STIs.
Impacted Fetal Head During Second Stage Caesarean Birth: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jones Nia Wyn , Mitchell Eleanor J. , Wakefield Natalie , Knight Marian , Dorling Jon , Thornton Jim G. , Walker Kate F. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022;272:77–81)
The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) at full cervical dilation in the second stage of labor is rising. During this stage, the risk of maternal and neonatal complications is greater because the baby's head may be engaged deeply in the pelvis, a condition known as impacted fetal head.
US Incidence of Late-Preterm Steroid Use and Associated Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity After Publication of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial, 2015–2017
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Melamed Alexander , Freret Taylor S. , James Kaitlyn E. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Kaimal Anjali J. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Netw Open 2022;5:e2212702)
In 2016, the antenatal late preterm steroids (ALPS) trial found that corticosteroids reduced the risk of respiratory complications in late-preterm neonates by 20%. The publication of this large-scale randomized clinical trial built upon previous findings that the antenatal administration of steroids decreased neonatal respiratory morbidity.
The Reckoning: The Return of Genomic Results to 1444 Participants Across the eMERGE3 Network
Authors: Leppig Kathleen A. , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Appelbaum Paul , Aufox Sharon , Bland Sarah T. , Buchanan Adam , Christensen Kurt D. , Chung Wendy K. , Clayton Ellen Wright , Crosslin David , Denny Josh , DeVange Shannon , Gordon Adam , Green Robert C. , Hakonarson Hakon , Harr Margaret H. , Henrikson Nora , Hoell Christin , Holm Ingrid A. , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Jarvik Gail P. , Lammers Philip E. , Larson Eric B. , Lindor Noralane M. , Marasa Maddalena , Myers Melanie F. , Perez Emma , Peterson Josh F. , Pratap Siddharth , Prows Cynthia A. , Ralston James D. , Rasouly Hila Milo , Roden Dan M. , Sharp Richard R. , Singh Rajbir , Shaibi Gabriel , Smith Maureen E. , Sturm Amy , Thiese Heidi A. , Van Driest Sara L. , Williams Janet , Williams Marc S. , Wynn Julia , Blout Zawatsky Carrie L. , Wiesner Georgia L. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2022;24:1130–1138)
As increased accessibility to genetic testing contributes to finding more individuals with genetic predispositions to a specific conditions or diseases, National Institutes of Health–sponsored networks grow in importance when considering the identification and subsequent management of these conditions. The American College of Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) designated 59 genes (this is now higher with subsequent versions of the guideline) as highly actionable owing to availability of effective medical management guidelines for individuals with detected disease-causing variants in one of these genes.
Regional anaesthesia: what surgical procedures, what blocks and availability of a “block room”?
Authors: Nanda Arwien , Van de Velde Marc 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
With an expected rise in day care procedures with enhanced recovery programs, the use of specific regional anaesthesia can be useful. In this review, we will provide insight in the used regional block and medication so far known and its applicability in a day care setting.

Recent findings
Regional anaesthesia has been improved with the aid of ultrasound-guided placement. However, it is not commonly used in the outpatient setting. Old, short acting local anaesthetics have found a second life and may be especially beneficial in the ambulatory setting replacing more long-acting local anaesthetics such as bupivacaine.
To improve efficiency, a dedicated block room may facilitate the performance of regional anaesthesia. However, cost-efficacy for improved operating time, patient care and hospital efficiency has to be established.

Summary
Regional anaesthesia has proven to be beneficial in ambulatory setting. Several short acting local anaesthetics are favourable over bupivacaine in the day care surgery. And if available, there are reports of the benefit of an additional block room used in a parallel (monitored) care of patients.