bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who uses covertly and what is the impact on contraceptive dynamics? Evidence from a national cohort of women in Uganda
Authors: Wood Shannon N. , Sarnak Dana O. , Kibira Simon P.S. , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Karp Celia , Makumbi Fredrick , Moreau Caroline 
Published: August 2022

Background: Little is known regarding the specific role of covert use (i.e., use of contraception without partner knowledge) in contraceptive discontinuation and switching. Among a nationally representative cohort of women in Uganda, we sought to: 1) compare characteristics of covert, overt, and non-users of contraception at baseline; 2) assess the effect of using contraception covertly on switching and discontinuation over a one-year period. Methods: Analyses utilized PMA2020 Uganda Round 6 (April–May 2018), with longitudinal analyses incorporating data from a one-year follow-up survey (May–June 2019). Both cross-sectional (n=1,764) and longitudinal (n=616) samples included women in need of contraception. For cross-sectional analyses, multinomial regression compared risk of overt/covert use vs. non-use by user characteristics and logistic regression compared the odds of covert vs. overt use among contraceptive users. For longitudinal analyses, multinomial regression examined risk of contraceptive switching and discontinuation by baseline covert vs. overt use status. Results: Among contraceptive users, 14.1% reported using covertly. In cross-sectional analyses, higher wealth (aRRR=1.74; 95% CI=1.19-2.54), secondary or higher education (aRRR=2.52; 95% CI=1.42-4.49), and middle parity (aRRR=1.24; 95% CI=1.00, 2.28) were associated with an increased risk of overt use, and higher wealth (aRRR=2.08; 95% CI=1.09-3.98) and polygyny (aRRR=1.60; 95% CI=1.01-2.54) with covert use, compared to non-use. Among contraceptive users, women within polygynous unions had double the odds of using covertly compared to those with monogamous partners (aOR=1.97; 95% CI=1.28-3.03). Longitudinal analyses revealed large proportions of overt and covert users switched (30% overt, 26% covert) or discontinued methods (32% overt, 37% covert) at one-year follow-up, however, neither switching nor discontinuation was significantly related to overt/covert use status at baseline. Conclusions: Though significant differences by covert use status were not detected, approximately 33% of users discontinued over one year; these women represent important beneficiaries of family planning programming as they may remain at risk for unintended pregnancy.
ON THE ISSUE OF LEXICAL PATTERNS OF FIRE-TECHNICAL TERMS TRANSLATION
Authors: Namychkina Elizaveta , Sheyko Anna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Translating fire-technical terms is a difficult task for a translator, since if the meaning of a word is conveyed incorrectly or inaccurately, the goal of translation - successful intercultural communication - cannot be achieved. The difficulty in achieving translation equivalence lies in linguistic lacuna of corresponding phenomena in Russia and abroad, as well as in the lack of knowledge in professional sphere due to the narrow focus of the field. In view of the need for interaction between Russia and foreign countries on fire safety issues, the problem of finding the right equivalences seems to be one of the most important.
Aim. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of fire-technical terms taken from authentic sources.
Methodology and research methods. The study was conducted by random sampling of terms from specialized texts. The authors relied on a comparative method to identify differences between the selected terms in two languages.
Results. The article analyzes the translation principles and transformations that are most often used when translating fire-technical texts. The conclusion of the expediency of applying this or that technique is made, and it is shown that the price that should be paid for a translation mistake is too high.
Scientific novelty. This work is intended to draw attention to lexical gaps formed in translation studies due to lack of knowledge in the sphere of fire-technical terms interlingual correspondence.
Practical significance. The study contributes to the development of efficient communication between professionals from different countries in the field of fire safety. The article may be of interest not only to translators, but also to technical experts, as it allows comparing instrumentarium used in different countries.
Can the Clinical Frailty Scale on admission predict 30-day survival, postoperative complications, and institutionalization in patients with fragility hip fracture?
Authors: Ikram Adeel , Norrish Alan R. , Marson Ben A. , Craxford Simon , Gladman John R. F. , Ollivere Ben J. 
Published: July 2022

Aims We assessed the value of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in the prediction of adverse outcome after hip fracture. Methods Of 1,577 consecutive patients aged > 65 years with a fragility hip fracture admitted to one institution, for whom there were complete data, 1,255 (72%) were studied. Clinicians assigned CFS scores on admission. Audit personnel routinely prospectively completed the Standardised Audit of Hip Fracture in Europe form, including the following outcomes: 30-day survival; in-hospital complications; length of acute hospital stay; and new institutionalization. The relationship between the CFS scores and outcomes was examined graphically and the visual interpretations were tested statistically. The predictive values of the CFS and Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) to predict 30-day mortality were compared using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results Significant non-linear associations between CFS and outcomes were observed. Risk of death within 30 days rose linearly for CFS 1 to 5, but plateaued for CFS > 5. The incidence of complications and length of stay rose linearly for CFS 1 to 4, but plateaued for CFS > 4. In contrast, the risk of new institutionalization rose linearly for CFS 1 to 8. The AUCs for 30-day mortality for the CFS and NHFS were very similar: CFS AUC 0.63 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.69) and NHFS AUC 0.63 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.69). Conclusion Use of the CFS may provide useful information on outcomes for fitter patients presenting with hip fracture, but completion of the CFS by the admitting orthopaedic team does not appear successful in distinguishing between higher CFS categories, which define patients with frailty. This makes a strong case for the role of the orthogeriatrician in the early assessment of these patients. Further work is needed to understand why patients assessed as being of mild, moderate, and severe frailty do not result in different outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(8):980–986.
A particularidade árabe de Jorge Amado
Authors: Gonçalves Villar Valter Luciano 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo trata do estudo das configurações árabes na obra de Jorge Amado. Para tanto, elegemos como textos privilegiados dessa pesquisa os vinte e quatro romances publicados pelo autor, onde buscamos observar as similaridades e diferenças nas representações do imigrante árabe, bem como as linhas responsáveis pela configuração da identidade árabe-brasileira do sul da Bahia, tecida pela inter-relação entre os traços culturais do sertanejo e os traços culturais dos árabes, ambos tangidos de suas terras, pela necessidade ou pelas guerras. Como referencial teórico metodológico, nos valeremos das contribuições de Edward Said, no que diz respeito à compreensão do universo árabe no Ocidente; dos estudos de Alice Raillard acerca das escolhas estéticas do escritor baiano; e das confissões do próprio autor sobre o seu fazer literário.
Programa de educación emocional PISOTÓN para la promoción de la salud mental de niños y niñas en territorios afectados por el conflicto armado colombiano: Un estudio comparativo
Authors: López Aristizabal Lizzette Del Carmen , Russo de Sanchez Ana Rita , Reales Silvera Liceth Paola , Llinas Solano Humberto Jesus 
Published: July 2022

Estudio comparativo con medición inicial y medición posterior a la implementación del Programa de Educación Emocional Pisotón. Muestra de 6.808 niños y niñas entre 3 y 7 años en 18 departamentos afectados por el conflicto armado colombiano. El instrumento fue Fábulas de Düss, analizándose las respuestas a partir de la clasificación de Bell (1992). Se realizaron pruebas de comparación de proporciones mediante Chi cuadrado y prueba Z, estudiando diferencias significativas entre grupos. En las fábulas 1 a 7 y 9 siempre se cumple que la proporción en el grupo “significativo" y “resistencia” es menor que la proporción en el grupo “normal” después de la implementación del Programa, lo cual indica un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el número de participantes ubicados en la categoría Normal.
Evidencia empírica del DISC en futuros líderes iberoamericanos: una aportación de William Moulton Marston a la función directiva
Authors: Gómez Pedro Luis , Barquero José Daniel , Pestana José Vicente 
Published: July 2022

Al analizar la función directiva característica de líderes mediante el test DISC —derivado del trabajo pionero de W. M. Marston—, se describen cuatro perfiles basados en los ejes Introversión-Extroversión y Racional-Emocional: Dominante, Influyente, Estable y Cumplidor). Al ser un test tan ampliamente utilizado como escasas sus contribuciones empíricas, se llevó a cabo una investigación no experimental del tipo asociativa y transversal de la estructura predominante de los perfiles DISC (primario y de apoyo), atendiendo a las diferencias según el sexo y el país. Conformaron la muestra intencional estudiada 198 asistentes a una formación universitaria para personal directivo, ejecutivo de línea y de alta dirección (142 hombres y 56 mujeres, con edades entre 25 y 50 años —M = 36,98; DT = 7,14), quienes cumplimentaron la variante del DISC conocida como APP Thomas. Los resultados obtenidos, consistentes en su mayor parte con hallazgos precedentes en otros contextos vinculados al liderazgo, destacan el estilo Influyente como predominante, que en el 48,1% de los casos se apoya en el perfil Dominante (χ2 = 141,98; p < ,000); se observa, además, un perfil Cumplidor en las mujeres que, en el 87,5% de los casos, se apoya en el perfil Estable (χ2 = 72,42; p < ,000). Estos datos evidencian la vigencia y utilidad del DISC al analizar los estilos de liderazgo, mostrando la estructura básica de los estilos Influyente y Dominante (al considerar los factores de apoyo) en la función directiva, inherente al liderazgo organizacional.
Psychometric properties of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS) in Spanish late-adolescents
Authors: Rodríguez Menéndez Carmen 
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed psychometric characteristics the Spanish version of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Scale (P-PASS), a self-report questionnaire to assess the adolescent’s perception of parental autonomy support. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the hypothesized two-factor structure of the P-PASS, indicating the distinction between parental autonomy support and controlling parenting. Moreover, convergent validity was confirmed by theoretically consistent associations between the P-PASS and others measures of parental psychological control. Results confirmed that parental autonomy support was a different dimension from overprotection and care. The findings from the hierarchical regression demonstrated the contributions of parental autonomy support and parental control to the development self -concept. Effect sizes findings highlight the upper weight of student’s perceived fathers’ behaviors on students’ family, social and physical self-concept.
Attitudes towards disability in Higher Education
Authors: Gràcia Marta , Leite Lucia , Cañete-Massé Cristina 
Published: July 2022

In this article, we present data concerning the attitudes towards disability of students in Higher Education (HE) at a Spanish university. This research is part of a wider project designed to understand these attitudes at other Spanish universities and Brazilian and Portuguese Universities. The total sample was composed of 609 students (Mean age: 24.41; SD: 9.84), including undergraduates (85.7%) and postgraduates (14.3%) from different faculties at the University of Barcelona. Seventy-seven percent of the sample were women, and 6.1% had some disability. The first part of the instrument used collects sociodemographic information. The second part contains 43 statements grouped in three blocks: 17 relating to the biological model of disability, 15 to the social model, and 11 to the metaphysical perspective. The results showed the predominance of agreement with the social and biological conceptions of disability. Moreover, significant differences were found among the students' attitudes related to their year of study, age, faculty, and absence of disability. The results obtained represent a first step regarding the need to voice students with a disability in the processes required for their social inclusion.
Keywords: attitudes towards disability, Higher Education, educational inclusion, models of disability
Particle manipulation behind a turbid medium based on the intensity transmission matrix
Authors: Liu Kaige , Zhang Hengkang , Du Shanshan , Liu Zeqi , Zhang Bin , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Although optical tweezers can manipulate tiny particles, the distortion caused by the scattering medium restricts their application. Wavefront-shaping techniques such as the transmission matrix (TM) method are powerful tools to achieve light focusing behind the scattering medium. In this paper, we propose a method to focus light through a scattering medium in a large area based on the intensity transmission matrix (ITM). Only relying on the intensity distribution, we can calculate the ITM with the number of measurements equal to that of the control segments. Free of the diffraction limit, our method guarantees high energy usage of the light field. Based on this method, we have implemented particle manipulation with a high degree of freedom on single and multiple particles. In addition, the manipulation range is enlarged more than 20 times (compared to the memory effect) to 200 μm.
Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review
Authors: Psihogios Athanasios , Madampage Claudia , Faught Brent E. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundElderly long-term care residents (ELTCRs) face considerable burden of infection, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.ObjectiveThis scoping review sought to identify nutritional interventions and factors that have the strongest evidence to benefit ELTCRs, and thus best poised for rigorous clinical trial evaluation and subsequent implementation.MethodsA database search of OVID-Medline, OVID-Embase, and Web of Science was performed from 2011 to 2021 to identify nutritional intervention studies which attribute to changes in infection in contemporary ELTCR settings. Articles were screened in duplicate and data extraction completed by a single reviewer, while a second reviewer verified the data which was fitted to identify evidence for nutritional interventions related to reducing rates of infection among ELTCRs.ResultsThe search identified 1018 studies, of which 11 (nine clinical trials and two observational cohort studies) satisfied screening criteria. Interventions that significantly reduced risk of infection included whey protein (any infection), Black Chokeberry (urinary tract infection), and vitamin D (acute respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection). Both zinc and a dedicated meal-plan significantly improved lymphocyte parameters. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the development of respiratory tract infections. Probiotic and soy-based protein interventions did not significantly affect risk of infection or lymphocyte parameters, respectively.ConclusionThe current scoping review was effective in identifying the use of nutrition-based interventions for infection prevention among ELTCRs. In this study, some nutrition-based interventions were observed to significantly influence the risk of infection among ELTCRs. Nutritional interventions such as vitamin D (preventing deficiency/insufficiency), Black Chokeberry juice, zinc gluconate, whey protein, and varied and nutrient dense meal plans may be suitable for future rigorous clinical trial evaluation.
Shortening shift’s length—Should we ask the residents if this is what they want?
Authors: Hershkovitz Yehuda , Rasco Adi , Tal Orna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Work overload in hospitals enforced reducing shifts length of physicians in many countries over the last decade. In Israel, the current shift standard is of 26 hours, however, there is a residents’ struggle alongside a governmental intent to short the shifts to 16 hour. We aim to evaluate residents and interns support and preferences regarding shortening shifts and their ramifications to quality of life and residency programs.

Methods
A structured questionnaire was distributed to all resident and interns in a single center. We evaluated their current quality of residency and life, their support in the shorter shifts model, offering alternative program components such as reduced pay, longer residency or replacement in order to allow rest. We compared those who support the new model to those who objected to identify common characteristics to draw a resident profile for acceptance of change.

Results
Overall, 151 physicians answer the questionnaire. 70.2% support the shorter shifts model. Residents above 35 years old and those reaching completion of residency, significantly less support the shortening shifts model. No other demographic nor professional parameters were different between the supporters and non-supporters. Option of reduced pay or longer residency dramatically reduced the support rate to less than 30% and 20%, respectively. Replacement by other physician (resident or senior physician) in order to allow rest was supported by only 40%.

Conclusion
Residents’ standpoints regarding a desirable change are crucial to plan a successful implementation. A national survey is required before a new model is introduced, to achieve an optimal transparent efficient process.
SEJARAH KERAJINAN KULIT DI KELURAHAN SONOREJO, KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO, KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO, TAHUN 1970 – 2016 M
Authors: Nusiana Salma , - Herawati 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Sonorejo is one of the areas in the Sukoharjo district that made handicrafts animal skins through home industry. Leather handicrafts are produced puppet on cow and buffalo leather since the 1970s. The market of handicrafts leather distributed to souvenir centers outside Sukoharjo City. Most of the puppet crafts are made to fulfill the puppeteer's orders for performances. This narrow marketing circle provides other innovation for craftsmen to make new crafts, namely calligraphy. In 1980 the craftsmen went to various areas such as Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya to learn to make calligraphy using goat skin as media. The economic crisis that occurred in 1997-1998 led to a decline in the production of shadow puppets in several home industries in Sonorejo, which eventually led to many craftsmen turning to new innovations, calligraphy. Based on these reasons, this scientific study intends to analyze and describe the conditions of the leather handicrafts in Sonorejo Village and the dynamics of the development of the leather industry in Sonorejo. Abstrak: Kelurahan sonorejo adalah salah satu wilayah di Kecamatan Sukoharjo yang mengembangakan produk industri rumahan yaitu kerajinan dari kulit hewan. Kerajinan yang dibuat yaitu wayang pada media kulit sapi dan kerbau sejak tahun 1970an. Pemasaran kerajinan kulit didistribusikan ke sentra oleh-oleh di luar kota Sukoharjo. Sebagian besar kerajinan wayang dibuat untuk memenuhi pesanan dalang untuk pertunjukkan. Lingkaran pemasaran yang sempit ini membuat pengrajin setempat memutuskan untuk mengembangkan kerajinan kulit yang lain yaitu kaligrafi. Tahun 1980 para pengrajin menyantrik ke berbagai daerah seperti Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya untuk belajar membuat kaligrafi dengan media kulit kambing. Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi tahun 1997-1998 membawa imbas menurunnya produksi wayang kulit di Sonorejo yang kemudian pengrajin beralih membuat kerajinan kaligrafi. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut kajian ilmiah ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana kondisi kerajinan kulit di kelurahan Sonorejo dan bagaimana dinamika perkembangan industri kerajinan kulit di Sonorejo.
Gender Diversity and Productivity of Companies in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhengu Dudziro , Murairwa Stanley 
Published: August 2022

This research empirically investigated the nexus between gender diversity (and gender intelligence) and company productivity among one hundred companies that were purposely selected in Harare in Zimbabwe. While the literature analysis views the labour force as comprising a sheer team of male and female employees, the recent researches proved that gender balanced corporate boards and employees have a positive bearing on the performance, development and productivity of the companies. Gender diversity in production team members has potential to encourage more innovation, collective intelligence, different skills-sets and emotional perspectives to decision-making, compared to gender imbalanced production team members. A culture of inclusiveness creates a conducive environment for a company to be able to attract and retain the best employees and manufacture more germane products that suit expectations of an evolving and more profitable market place. At the same time women entering the production industry face a number of social and cultural factors that in the long run would shape the challenges that they experience including discrimination, poverty and limited access to financial loans. These challenges are costly to production and the benefits of closing such gaps are important to industrial productivity. Both the Beijing Platform for Action and the Sustainable Development Goals argue that providing women and girls with equal access to decent work and representation in political and economic decision-making processes would fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. The research undertakes key informant interviews with company executives to assess levels of access to finance and business related opportunities in sole male companies, sole female companies and the diversified gender companies; administers questionnaires to the company’s executives to gauge performance of male and female workers and holds three focus group discussions to assess views and register attitudes of employees. The research concluded that gender diversity and company productivity are related.