bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment and Clinical Utility of Plasma Obtained Via Apheresis vs That Obtained from Whole Blood
Authors: Hussein Eiman , Enein Azza Aboul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
We studied the impact of storage of thawed plasma (TP) on the in vitro coagulation quality and posttransfusion outcomes of apheresis plasma (AP) vs whole blood plasma (WBP).

Methods
One hundred units of each product were analyzed. In vitro assays were performed on TP on day 0, day 2, and after refreezing, evaluating international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, and factors V and VIII. Transfusion of TP on day 2 was studied in 70 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

Results
Refrozen specimens from both products showed a significant decline of all values, although AP had a considerably greater coagulation profile (P &lt; .05).
On day 0 and day 2, we observed significant decreases in coagulation values (except fibrinogen) with WBP, compared with AP (P &lt; .05). The WBP, however, provided similar INR for patients with liver cirrhosis and TTP, as compared with AP. The AP resulted in a significant correction of aPTT following plasma exchange in TTP (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
AP demonstrated considerably greater factor activity. This would be beneficial when manufacturing clotting factor concentrates. Large scale clinical trials are needed to further address the hemostatic outcomes of both products in massively transfused patients.
The cyclic behaviour in the N–S asymmetry of sunspots and solar plages for the period 1910 to 1937 using data from Ebro catalogues
Authors: de Paula V , Curto J J , Oliver R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The heliophysics catalogues published by the Ebro Observatory during 1910–1937 have been converted into a digital format in order to provide the data for computational processing. This has allowed us to study in detail the North–South (N–S) asymmetry of solar activity in that period, focusing on two different structures located at two different layers of the solar atmosphere: sunspots (Photosphere) and solar plages (Chromosphere). The examination of the absolute and normalized N–S asymmetry indices in terms of their monthly sum of occurrences and areas has made possible to find out a cyclic behaviour in the solar activity, in which the preferred hemisphere changes systematically with a global period of $7.9 \pm 0.2\ \mathrm{yr}$. In order to verify and quantify accurately this periodicity and study its prevalence in time, we employed the Royal Greenwich Observatory-United States Air Force/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sunspot data series during 1874–2016. Then, we examined each absolute asymmetry index time series through different techniques as the power-spectrum analysis, the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition With Adaptive Noise algorithm or the Morlet wavelet transform. The combined results reveal a cyclic behaviour at different time-scales, consisting in two quite stable periodicities of $1.47 \pm 0.02\ \mathrm{yr}$ and $3.83 \pm 0.06\ \mathrm{yr}$, which co-exist with another three discontinuous components with more marked time-varying periods with means of $5.4 \pm 0.2\ \mathrm{yr}$, $9.0 \pm 0.2\ \mathrm{yr}$, and $12.7 \pm 0.3\ \mathrm{yr}$. Moreover, during 1910–1937, only two dominant signals with averaged periods of $4.10 \pm 0.04\ \mathrm{yr}$ and $7.57 \pm 0.03\ \mathrm{yr}$ can be clearly observed. Finally, in both signals, periods are slightly longer for plages in comparison with sunspots.
Chaotic dynamics of wide triples induced by galactic tides: a novel channel for producing compact binaries, mergers, and collisions
Authors: Grishin Evgeni , Perets Hagai B 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent surveys show that wide (&gt;104 AU) binaries and triples are abundant in the field. We study the long-term evolution of wide hierarchical triple systems and the role played by the Galactic tidal (GT) field. We find that when the time-scales of the secular von–Ziepel–Lidov–Kozai and the GT oscillations are comparable, triple evolution becomes chaotic which leads to extreme eccentricities. Consequently, the close pericentre approaches of the inner-binary components lead to strong interactions, mergers, and collisions. We use a novel secular evolution code to quantify the key parameters and carry out a population-synthesis study of low and intermediate-mass wide-orbit triples. We find that in $\sim 9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of low-mass wide-triples the inner main-sequence binaries collide or tidally-inspiral within $10\ \rm Gyr$, with direct collisions are 6 times more likely to occur. For the intermediate-mass sample, $\sim 7.6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the systems merge or inspiral with roughly equal probabilities. We discuss the relative fractions of different stellar merger/inspiral outcomes as a function of their evolutionary stage (Main Sequence, MS; Red Giant, RG; or White Dwarf, WD), their transient electromagnetic signatures and the final products of the merger/inspiral. In particular, the rate of WD–WD direct-collisions that lead to type-Ia Supernovae is comparable to other dynamical channels and accounts for at most $0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the observed rate. RG inspirals provide a novel channel for the formation of eccentric common-envelope-evolution binaries. The catalysis of mergers/collisions in triples due to GT could explain a significant fraction, or even the vast majority, of blue-stragglers in the field, produce progenitors for cataclysmic-variables, and give-rise to mergers/collisions of double-RG binaries.
Merging the Sonata and the Concerto: The Role of Virtuosic Passages in Determining Formal Closure in High-Classical Sonata Expositions
Authors: Aziz Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates formal closure in sonata expositions of the high-classical era, focusing on the boundary point between secondary and closing zones. In particular, I shine a spotlight on how virtuosic passages impact perceptions of formal closure in the piano sonatas of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. This article codifies how virtuosity can be a primary ingredient for deferral of closure (termed “virtuosic deferral”), by applying a particular case of Schmalfeldt’s concept of retrospective reinterpretation: what initially appears to be the onset of the closing zone becomes a resumption of the secondary zone (C =&gt; S). Furthermore, I demonstrate how an exposition’s “display episode,” as a virtuosic passage for a soloist within a concerto, can function autonomously within piano sonatas as an agent for virtuosic deferral. Integrating intuitions from concertos, I present analyses of a wide range of sonata movements, distinguishing my approach from those that favor either early-as-possible closure (Hepokoski and Darcy) or the “large view of S” (Caplin). My narratives supplement the New Formenlehre toolbox by offering a compromise between divergent readings of form, as well as positing interpretations of works that would otherwise be viewed as problematic within a theory’s designated limits.
DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update)
Authors: Sherman Brad T , Hao Ming , Qiu Ju , Jiao Xiaoli , Baseler Michael W , Lane H Clifford , Imamichi Tomozumi , Chang Weizhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
DAVID is a popular bioinformatics resource system including a web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. It consists of a comprehensive knowledgebase and a set of functional analysis tools. Here, we report all updates made in 2021. The DAVID Gene system was rebuilt to gain coverage of more organisms, which increased the taxonomy coverage from 17 399 to 55 464. All existing annotation types have been updated, if available, based on the new DAVID Gene system. Compared with the last version, the number of gene-term records for most annotation types within the updated Knowledgebase have significantly increased. Moreover, we have incorporated new annotations in the Knowledgebase including small molecule-gene interactions from PubChem, drug-gene interactions from DrugBank, tissue expression information from the Human Protein Atlas, disease information from DisGeNET, and pathways from WikiPathways and PathBank. Eight of ten subgroups split from Uniprot Keyword annotation were assigned to specific types. Finally, we added a species parameter for uploading a list of gene symbols to minimize the ambiguity between species, which increases the efficiency of the list upload and eliminates confusion for users. These current updates have significantly expanded the Knowledgebase and enhanced the discovery power of DAVID.
Opportunities and challenges for the development of “core outcome sets” in neuro-oncology
Authors: Millward Christopher P , Armstrong Terri S , Barrington Heather , Brodbelt Andrew R , Bulbeck Helen , Byrne Anthony , Dirven Linda , Gamble Carrol , Grundy Paul L , Islim Abdurrahman I , Javadpour Mohsen , Keshwara Sumirat M , Krishna Sandhya T , Mallucci Conor L , Marson Anthony G , McDermott Michael W , Meling Torstein R , Oliver Kathy , Pizer Barry , Plaha Puneet , Preusser Matthias , Santarius Thomas , Srikandarajah Nisaharan , Taphoorn Martin J B , Watts Colin , Weller Michael , Williamson Paula R , Zadeh Gelareh , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H , Jenkinson Michael D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Core Outcome Sets (COS) define minimum outcomes to be measured and reported in clinical effectiveness trials for a particular health condition/health area. Despite recognition as critical to clinical research design for other health areas, none have been developed for neuro-oncology. COS development projects should carefully consider: scope (how the COS should be used), stakeholders involved in development (including patients as both research partners and participants), and consensus methodologies used (typically a Delphi survey and consensus meeting), as well as dissemination plans. Developing COS for neuro-oncology is potentially challenging due to extensive tumor subclassification (including molecular stratification), different symptoms related to anatomical tumor location, and variation in treatment options. Development of a COS specific to tumor subtype, in a specific location, for a particular intervention may be too narrow and would be unlikely to be used. Equally, a COS that is applicable across a wider area of neuro-oncology may be too broad and therefore lack specificity. This review describes why and how a COS may be developed, and discusses challenges for their development, specific to neuro-oncology. The COS under development are briefly described, including: adult glioma, incidental/untreated meningioma, meningioma requiring intervention, and adverse events from surgical intervention for pediatric brain tumors.
USF1/CD90 signaling in maintaining glioblastoma stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages adhesion
Authors: Zhou Yuanshuai , Meng Xingjun , He Wen , Li Xinying , Zhao Rongchuan , Dong Caihua , Yuan Detian , Yang Jiao , Zhang Ruobing , Shi Guohua , Huang Yulun , Liu Jiangang , Liu Jianping , Liu Songbai , Fu Peng , Sun Minxuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and their interplay with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are responsible for malignant growth and tumor recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.

Methods
Cell viability, stemness, migration, and invasion were measured in GSCs after the knockdown of upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1). Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR were performed to determine the regulation of CD90 by USF1. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining were used to examine the expression of USF1 and GSC markers, as well as the crosstalk between GSCs and TAMs. In addition, the interaction between GSCs and TAMs was confirmed using in vivo GBM models.

Results
We show that USF1 promotes malignant glioblastoma phenotypes and GSCs-TAMs physical interaction by inducing CD90 expression. USF1 predicts a poor prognosis for glioma patients and is upregulated in patient-derived GSCs and glioblastoma cell lines. USF1 overexpression increases the proliferation, invasion, and neurosphere formation of GSCs and glioblastoma cell lines, while USF1 knockdown exerts an opposite effect. Further mechanistic studies reveal that USF1 promotes GSC stemness by directly regulating CD90 expression. Importantly, CD90 of GSCs functions as an anchor for physical interaction with macrophages. Additionally, the USF1/CD90 signaling axis supports the GSCs and TAMs adhesion and immunosuppressive feature of TAMs, which in turn enhance the stemness of GSCs. Moreover, the overexpression of CD90 restores the stemness property in USF1 knockdown GSCs and its immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the USF1/CD90 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity in IDH-mutant diffuse glioma and clinical implications
Authors: Mohamed Esraa , Kumar Anupam , Zhang Yalan , Wang Albert S , Chen Katharine , Lim Yunita , Shai Anny , Taylor Jennie W , Clarke Jennifer , Hilz Stephanie , Berger Mitchel S , Solomon David A , Costello Joseph F , Molinaro Annette M , Phillips Joanna J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas are heterogeneous, and improved methods for optimal patient therapeutic stratification are needed. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activity can drive disease progression and potential therapeutic inhibitors of the pathway are available. Yet, the prevalence of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity in IDH-mutant glioma is unclear and few robust strategies to assess activity in clinical samples exist.

Methods
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity was evaluated in a retrospective cohort of 132 IDH-mutant diffuse glioma (91 astrocytoma and 41 oligodendroglioma, 1p/19q-codeleted) through quantitative multiplex immunoprofiling using phospho-specific antibodies for PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway members, PRAS40, RPS6, and 4EBP1, and tumor-specific anti-IDH1 R132H. Expression levels were correlated with genomic evaluation of pathway intrinsic genes and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the relationship with outcome.

Results
Tumor-specific expression of p-PRAS40, p-RPS6, and p-4EBP1 was common in IDH-mutant diffuse glioma and increased with CNS WHO grade from 2 to 3. Genomic analysis predicted pathway activity in 21.7% (13/60) while protein evaluation identified active PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in 56.6% (34/60). Comparison of expression in male versus female patients suggested sexual dimorphism. Of particular interest, when adjusting for clinical prognostic factors, the level of phosphorylation of RPS6 was strongly associated with PFS (P &lt; .005). Phosphorylation levels of both PRAS40 and RPS6 showed an association with PFS in univariate analysis.

Conclusions
Our study emphasizes the value of proteomic assessment of signaling pathway activity in tumors as a means to identify relevant oncogenic pathways and potentially as a biomarker for identifying aggressive disease.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Smoking and Circulating Sex Hormone Levels Among Premenopausal Women
Authors: Ihenacho Ugonna , Sriprasert Intira , Mack Wendy J , Hamilton Ann S , Unger Jennifer B , Press Michael F , Wu Anna H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
It is established that higher prediagnostic circulating androgen and estrogen levels are associated with increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Pooled analyses in postmenopausal women report higher androgen and estrogen levels in current heavy cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, evidence among premenopausal women has been inconsistent.

Aims and Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate differences in standardized mean hormone levels among current premenopausal smokers compared to nonsmokers. We reviewed and collated publications with sex hormone levels by smoking status among healthy, premenopausal women who were nonusers of exogenous hormones, including oral contraceptives, using PubMed through December 2019. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to combine the standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin by smoking status. Findings were summarized by menstrual cycle phase and overall.

Results
Nineteen published peer-reviewed articles were included. Significantly increased testosterone levels among smokers compared to nonsmokers were identified from cross-sectional studies with varied menstrual phase timing (SMD 0.14; 95% CI 0.0005, 0.29) and significantly increased dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels were found over all phases (SMD 0.12; 95% CI 0.01, 0.22). However, substantial heterogeneity existed in these studies.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that smoking may increase blood androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women which may increase breast cancer risk; however, the differences were modest. Larger and covariate-adjusted studies with standardized collection over the menstrual cycle are needed to better understand this relationship and to reduce heterogeneity.

Implications
Existing research has described associations between high prediagnostic estradiol and androgen levels with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women and has established active smoking as a breast cancer risk factor. However, the smoking and circulating sex hormone associations among premenopausal women remain inadequately studied. In this meta-analysis, we identified an association between smoking and higher mean testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels with consideration of menstrual phase, providing additional information on smoking’s potential pathway to premenopausal breast cancer.
When is Subnational, Supralocal Tobacco Control “just right”? A Qualitative Study in England
Authors: Davies Nathan Philip , Cheeseman Hazel , Arnott Deborah , Pierce Elizabeth , Langley Tessa Elizabeth , Murray Rachael , Bogdanovica Ilze , Bains Manpreet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Subnational, supralocal (or “regional”) approaches to tobacco control are often central federal nation tobacco control and can be superfluous for very small nations. However, their relevance to countries with weak intermediate tiers of governance are less clear. This study explores expert and policymaker perceptions on the function, form, footprint, and funding of regional tobacco control (RTC) in England.

Aims and Methods
One-to-one semistructured interviews (n = 16) and four focus groups (n = 26) exploring knowledge and perceptions of the past, present, and future of RTC in England were conducted with public health leaders, clinicians, tobacco control practitioners, civil servants, and politicians. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

Results
Participants reported several key functions for RTC, including illicit tobacco control, media campaigns, advocacy, policy development, and network facilitation for local actors. A small minority of participants reported little role for RTC. Broader perceived features of effective RTC included subject expertise, strong regional ties, systems leadership, and a distinctive program of work. Views varied on whether regional programs should be developed nationally or locally, and their optimal footprint. Participants generally agreed stable funding was a prerequisite for success, although there was lesser agreement on funding sources.

Conclusions
Pooling resources at the regional level in countries with weak intermediate tiers of governance may increase reach, cost-effectiveness and impact of campaigns, policy interventions, and advocacy, whilst retaining the ability to tailor approaches to regional populations.

Implications
There are likely to be greater funding and governance challenges associated with introducing or strengthening RTC in countries with weak intermediate tiers of governance. Despite this, evidence from England shows it is possible to develop RTC approaches reported as effective by key stakeholders. Possible benefits of regional approaches in this context include cost-effective delivery of illicit tobacco control, media campaigns, advocacy, research, policy development, and coordinated support for local action on tobacco.
Investor Information Choice with Macro and Micro Information
Authors: Glasserman Paul , Mamaysky Harry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop a model of information and portfolio choice in which ex ante identical investors choose to specialize because of fixed attention costs required in learning about securities. Without this friction, investors would invest in all securities and would be indifferent across a wide range of information choices. When securities’ dividends depend on an aggregate (macro) risk factor and idiosyncratic (micro) shocks, fixed attention costs lead investors to specialize in either macro or micro information. Our results favor Samuelson’s dictum that markets are more micro than macro efficient. We derive testable predictions from our model and find empirical support for our predictions in specialization by U.S. equity mutual funds. (JEL G12, G14, G23)Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Systemic glucocorticoid use and the occurrence of flares in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: Vincken Nanette L A , Balak Deepak M W , Knulst André C , Welsing Paco M J , van Laar Jacob M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe use of systemic glucocorticoids (SGCs) is traditionally discouraged in the treatment of PsA and psoriasis due to the risk of psoriatic flares. However, despite this recommendation, SGCs are frequently prescribed for these patients. In this study we reappraise the old paradigm that SGCs are contra-indicated in the treatment of PsA and psoriasis.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases was performed in November 2019 to identify articles on any SGC use compared with no use in the PsA and psoriasis population. Topical glucocorticoid treatment was excluded. Our two primary outcomes focused on the prescribing characteristics and the occurrence of any type of flare.ResultsOur search yielded 4922 articles, and of these 21 full-text articles were eligible for inclusion. There were 11 retro- and prospective cohorts involving a total of 4,171,307 patients. Of these, 6727 (37.82%) of the patients with PsA and 1 460 793 (35.17%) of the patients with psoriasis were treated with any type of SGC. Ten observational/interventional studies did not report an increased risk or occurrence of psoriatic flares related to SGC use.ConclusionOur results indicate that SGCs are frequently prescribed for PsA and psoriasis patients. The occurrence of psoriatic flares appears to be low upon SGC exposure. In patients with a clear indication for SGCs, e.g. in need of rapid anti-inflammatory therapy or bridging of therapies, the use of SGCs should be considered in view of the low risk of skin flaring. It remains of importance to weigh risks for short- and long-term SGC-related side effects in clinical decision making.