bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for the Treatment of Pre-operative Anxiety and Insomnia: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Clinical Trial
Authors: Zeng Wen , Chen Li , Liu Xin , Deng Xujiang , Huang Kuan , Zhong Maolin , Zhou Shubao , Zhan Lifang , Jiang Yulu , Liang Weidong 
Published: June 2022

Background and ObjectiveSeveral patients with pre-operative anxiety and insomnia refuse to take sleeping pills because of the side effects of sleeping pills. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) in the treatment of pre-operative anxiety and insomnia.MethodsA total of 72 patients with insomnia and anxiety were randomly divided into two groups of intranasal DEX (n = 36) and intranasal normal saline (NS, n = 36). The primary outcomes included patients' time to fall asleep, total sleep time, insomnia severity index (ISI) after treatment, and satisfaction with the treatment effect. The secondary outcomes were mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SPO2), heart rate (HR), Narcotrend index (NI) in the first 2 h of treatment, and the incidence of adverse events within 12 h after treatment.ResultsThe time to fall asleep (22.08 ± 3.95 min) and total sleep time (400.06 ± 28.84 min) in the DEX group were significantly different from those in the NS group [time to fall asleep, 89.31 ± 54.56 min; total sleep time (295.19 ± 73.51 min; P &lt; 0.001)]. ISI after treatment in the DEX group was lower than that in the NS group (P &lt; 0.001). Satisfaction with the treatment effect was better in the DEX group than that in the NS group (P &lt; 0.001). The general vital signs in the two groups were stable during the treatment. The drowsiness rate in the NS group was higher than that in the DEX group (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionIntranasal DEX can significantly improve pre-operative anxiety and insomnia.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx, ChiCTR2100044747).
Happiness and Moral Courage Among Iranian Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Workplace Social Capital
Authors: Pirdelkhosh Maryam , Mohsenipouya Hossein , Mousavinasab Nouraddin , Sangani Alireza , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has become a major global health problem, and healthcare professionals are facing lot of pressure and stress. Accumulated resources and energy obtained via interpersonal relationships is called social capital, which can reduce the negative effects of pressure and stress related to the workplace by impacting happiness and moral courage. This study explored the effect of workplace social capital on moral courage and happiness in nurses working in the COVID-19 wards.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, using a random sampling method, 169 nurses from three hospitals in East Mazandaran province, Iran, participated who worked in COVID-19 wards. The Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire, the Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were used in this study. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analyses, and stepwise multiple regression were performed for data analysis.ResultsThe mean age of nurses was 31.38 ± 6.82 years. Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, educational level, and employment status were significant predictors of workplace social capital. Social capital was positively correlated with moral courage (r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.01) and happiness (r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01). In addition, social capital explained 6.8 and 8.6% variance in predicting moral courage and happiness, respectively.ConclusionsWorkplace social capital is a vital organizational phenomenon affecting nurses' moral courage and happiness, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, hospitals should be aware of the importance of social capital; they should ensure that all the practices and policies are in place to develop and increase it.
Restricted Mourning: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Funeral Services, Grief Rituals, and Prolonged Grief Symptoms
Authors: Mitima-Verloop Huibertha B. , Mooren Trudy T. M. , Kritikou Maria E. , Boelen Paul A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has put various restrictions on grief rituals. Literature suggests that the restrictions on funerals and grief rituals may increase the chance of developing symptoms of prolonged grief (PG). In this study, we explored the possible impact of the pandemic on aspects of the funeral and grief rituals and examined their relationship with PG symptoms.MethodBereaved individuals from different countries, who lost a loved one in the year prior to the pandemic (n = 50) or during the pandemic (n = 182), filled in an online questionnaire, including a rating of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions, five aspects of the funeral service, five aspects of grief rituals, and a measurement for PG symptoms.ResultsParticipants bereaved during the pandemic rated the impact of the restrictions on the experience of the funeral and grief rituals as negative. Nevertheless, no differences were found in attendance and evaluation of the funeral and grief rituals for people bereaved prior to vs. during the pandemic. Attendance and evaluation of the funeral services were related to levels of PG symptoms, whereas the performance and helpfulness of grief rituals were not related to these symptoms. Although not related to PG symptoms, half of the participants used helpful alternative rituals to cope with their loss.DiscussionOur study suggests that bereaved people respond resiliently to the COVID-19 pandemic, for example by creating alternative rituals to cope with their loss. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of looking beyond symptom levels when studying the importance of funeral and grief rituals.
Prevalence and Correlates of Risky Drinking Among the Oldest-Old in China: A National Community-Based Survey
Authors: Qiu Yujia , Lv Xiaozhen , Wu Tingfang , Zhang Ying , Wang Huali , Li Bing , Yu Xin 
Published: June 2022

AimsTo investigate the prevalence and correlates of risky drinking in Chinese elderly people aged 80 and over.MethodsData were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2018. A total of 10,141 respondents aged 80 years or older were included in this analysis. Risky drinking was defined as drinking &gt; 2 drinks per day. The participants were divided into no risky drinking, past risky drinking, and current risky drinking groups. The prevalence of risky drinking, daily dosage, and type of alcohol beverages were assessed. The correlates of risky drinking were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of past and current risky drinking was 6.2 and 4.4%, respectively. A total of 12.2% of males and 2.1% of females reported past risky drinking, and 8.9% of males and 1.4% of females reported current risky drinking. The median of the daily dosage of the past risky drinking group was 4.5 and 4 drinks in males and females, respectively, and were 4 and 3.3, respectively, of the current risky drinking group. Strong liquor was the most popular alcohol beverage in all groups. Men who were older or had white-collar work were less likely to be past risky drinkers, while those with smoking in past or current or heart disease were more likely to be past risky drinkers. Women who smoked in the past were more likely to be past risky drinkers. Men with older age or living in the urban areas or with heart disease were less likely to be current risky drinkers. Women with higher education or with heart disease were less likely to be current risky drinkers. Women with current smoking were more likely to have current risky drinking.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that risky drinking among the oldest-old was not rare in China. The correlates of past and current risky drinking were different. Men and women had various correlates of risky drinking as well. Those with higher socioeconomic status seemed less likely to be risky drinking. More attention should be given to risky drinking among the oldest old, and sex-specific intervention may be needed.
Self-Rated Health Among Italian Immigrants Living in Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Terragni Laura , Rossi Alessio , Miscali Monica , Calogiuri Giovanna 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMost studies on immigrant health focus on immigrant groups coming from extra-European and/or low-income countries. Little attention is given to self-rated health (SRH) in the context EU/EEA migration. To know more about health among European immigrants can provide new insights related to social determinants of health in the migration context. Using the case of Italian immigrants in Norway, the aim of this study was to (i) examine the levels of SRH among Italian immigrants in Norway as compared with the Norwegian and the Italian population, (ii) examine the extent to which the Italian immigrant perceived that moving to Norway had a positive or negative impact on their SRH; and (iii) identify the most important factors predicting SRH among Italian immigrants in Norway.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult Italian immigrants in Norway (n = 321). To enhance the sample's representativeness, the original dataset was oversampled to match the proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics of the reference population using the ADASYN method (oversampled n = 531). A one-sample Chi-squared was performed to compare the Italian immigrants' SRH with figures on the Norwegian and Italian populations according to Eurostat statistics. A machine-learning approach was used to identify the most important predictors of SRH among Italian immigrants.ResultsMost of the respondents (69%) rated their SRH as “good” or “very good”. This figure was not significantly different with the Norwegian population, nor to the Italians living in Italy. A slight majority (55%) perceived that their health would have been the same if they continued living in Italy, while 23% perceived a negative impact. The machine-learning model selected 17 variables as relevant in predicting SRH. Among these, Age, Food habits, and Years of permanence in Norway were the variables with the highest level of importance, followed by Trust in people, Educational level, and Health literacy.ConclusionsItalian immigrants in Norway can be considered as part of a “new mobility” of high educated people. SHR is shaped by several interconnected factors. Although this study relates specifically to Italian immigrants, the findings may be extended to other immigrant populations in similar contexts.
Self-Care Ability of Patients With Severe Mental Disorders: Based on Community Patients Investigation in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Chen , Chen Yun , Huang Qingzhi , Yan Shengming , Zhu Junli 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSevere Mental Disorders have become a topic of increasing interest in research due to their serious consequences for the quality of life and functioning. In the pages that follow, it will be argued that the self-care ability and its influencing factors among patients with severe mental disorders in Beijing, according to the questionnaire survey in 2019.MethodsProportionate stratified sampling was used to select representative patients as samples. The demographic characteristics of were obtained from the Management Information System for Severe Mental Disorders and the questionnaires. The self-care ability was measured by self-made scales. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsWe surveyed 662 people and found that the deficiency of self-care ability is common in patients with severe mental disorders. Self-care ability was positively correlated with educated levels and guardian takes care of alone, and negatively correlated with age, course of disease and physical disease (P &lt; 0.05). From a dimensional perspective, the daily basic activity was positively correlated with educated levels and negatively correlated with physical disease (P &lt; 0.05); the housework ability was positively correlated with gender, educated levels and medication adherence, and negatively correlated with source of income and physical disease (P &lt; 0.05); the social function was positively correlated with educated levels, guardian takes care of alone and medication adherence, and negatively correlated with age, source of income, course of disease and physical disease (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe self-care ability of patients with severe mental disorders is affected by many factors, including patient characteristics and social factors. Therefore, targeted interventions are needed to help patients restore their self-care ability, which requires the joint efforts of the government and the whole society.
Agility and Sustainability: A Qualitative Evaluation of COVID-19 Non-pharmaceutical Interventions in the UK Logistics Sector
Authors: Wei Hua , Daniels Sarah , Whitfield Carl A. , Han Yang , Denning David W. , Hall Ian , Regan Martyn , Verma Arpana , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 triggered a chain of public health responses that radically changed our way of living and working. Non-healthcare sectors, such as the logistics sector, play a key role in such responses. This research aims to qualitatively evaluate the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented in the UK logistics sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted nine semi-structured interviews in July-August 2020 and May-June 2021. In total 11 interviewees represented six companies occupying a range of positions in the UK's logistics sector, including takeaway food delivery, large and small goods delivery and home appliance installation, and logistics technology providers. Thematic analysis was completed using NVivo12. Codes relevant to NPIs were grouped into themes and mapped deductively onto an adapted Hierarchy of Control (HoC) framework, focusing on delivery workers. Codes relevant to the implementation process of NPIs were grouped into themes/subthemes to identify key characteristics of rapid responses, and barriers and facilitators.ResultsHoC analysis suggests the sector has implemented a wide range of risk mitigation measures, with each company developing their own portfolio of measures. Contact-free delivery was the most commonly implemented measure and perceived effective. The other implemented measures included social distancing, internal contact tracing, communication and collaboration with other key stakeholders of the sector. Process evaluation identified facilitators of rapid responses including capacity to develop interventions internally, localized government support, strong external mandates, effective communication, leadership support and financial support for self-isolation, while barriers included unclear government guidance, shortage of testing capacity and supply, high costs and diversified language and cultural backgrounds. Main sustainability issues included compliance fatigue, and the possible mental health impacts of a prolonged rapid response.ConclusionsThis research identified drivers and obstacles of rapid implementation of NPIs in response to a respiratory infection pandemic. Existing implementation process models do not consider speed to respond and the absence or lack of guidance in emergency situations such as the COVID-19. We recommend the development of a rapid response model to inform the design of effective and sustainable infection prevention and control policies and to focus future research priorities.
Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Balis Bikila , Dessie Yadeta , Debella Adera , Alemu Addisu , Tamiru Dawit , Negash Belay , Bekele Habtamu , Getachew Tamirat , Eyeberu Addis , Mesfin Sinetibeb , Eshetu Bajrond , Merga Bedasa Taye , Habte Sisay , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAnemia is a significant public health issue, accounting for 20–40% of maternal deaths. Despite the government's commitment and the interventions of various stakeholders, the magnitude and major risk factors of anemia remain unabated. Though there are few documented studies on anemia among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia in general, in the study area in particular, some of the variables such as helminthics and history of caesarian section in relation to anemia need to be studied. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in University Hospital in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 456 clients who were attending antenatal care in Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital from 01 to 30 June 2021. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and sample collection were used to collect the data. The data were coded, double-entered to Epi data version 3.1, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequency distributions. Variables with p-value &lt; 0.25 during bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression models to control for all possible confounders to identify the factors associated with a magnitude of anemia. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of &lt; 0.05.ResultA total of 456 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.9%. The magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 112 [(25.3%) 95%CI: (21.5–29.2%)], of which, 27 (6.10%), 36 (8.13%), and 49 (11.08%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Birth interval &lt; 2 years [AOR: 3.24, (95% CI: (1.88, 4.32)], number of children ≥2 [AOR: 2.54, (95% CI: (1.12, 4.64)], monthly income &lt; 1,000 birr [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: (1.31, 5.58)], third trimester pregnancy [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: 4.86, 12.62)], and abnormal menstrual history [AOR: 2.28, (95% CI: (1.69, 5.24)] were the factors significantly associated with anemia.ConclusionAnemia among pregnant women was relatively high compared to previous studies. Birth intervals, number of children, history of menstrual disorder, monthly income, and trimester of pregnancy were all significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women.
The Role of CD4+CD8+ T Cells in HIV Infection With Tuberculosis
Authors: Zou Shi , Tan Yuting , Xiang Yanni , Liu Yang , Zhu Qi , Wu Songjie , Guo Wei , Luo Mingqi , Shen Ling , Liang Ke 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency diseases (AIDS). Although the frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells has been observed to increase in pathological conditions, their role (phenotypic and functional) is poorly described, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with TB (HIV/TB (HT) coinfection).MethodsThe percentage and phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood DP T cells in patients with HT coinfection in comparison to uninfected controls and to patients with HIV or TB mono-infection were analyzed by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS).ResultsTotal and CD4lowCD8high DP T cells were significantly increased in patients with both HIV and TB mono-infection, especially in patients with HT coinfection. Compared with healthy controls (HCs), the percentage of DP T cells expressing chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in patients with HT coinfection was significantly higher. Compared with HCs and patients with TB, a lower percentage of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secreting DP T cells and a higher percentage of granzyme A-secreting DP T cells were observed in patients with HIV mono-infection and HT coinfection, respectively. In addition, DP T cells expressed more cytolytic markers (granzyme A and perforin) than CD4+ T cells, but similarly to CD8+ T cells in patients with HT coinfection.ConclusionsOur data suggested that HT coinfection resulted in a marked increase in DP T cells, especially the CD4lowCD8high subpopulation. DP T cells may be susceptible to HT coinfection, and have the same cytotoxic function as CD8+ T cells.
Does Migration Distance Affect Happiness? Evidence From Internal Migrants in China
Authors: Zheng Ge , Yang Dongliang , Li Jiawei 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHappiness is a complex concept involving many subjects such as society, psychology, and ethics. How will migration distance affect migrants' happiness under the new trend of migration in China? The goal of this paper is to analyze the influence and transmission mechanism of migration distance on happiness of migrant individuals, and the heterogeneity of this effect on urban and rural migrants.MethodsEmploying data of 129,803 observations from the 2012 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we first estimate the effects of migration distance on happiness by the ordinal logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) method. Second, we examine the heterogeneity of effect by splitting the sample into the urban and rural migrants. Finally, we analyze the transmission mechanism of migration distance on happiness by mediating effect model.ResultsThe migration distance of internal migrants in China has a significant negative impact on happiness. Urban migrant individuals show a stronger response to migration distance compared to rural counterparts. Social integration is proved as the potential mechanism through which the effect of migration distance on happiness.ConclusionThe results emphasize happiness of internal migrant and other mental health problems. Moreover, particular attention should be paid to social integration on happiness, such as strengthening the cultural exchange in different areas, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, promoting rational migrant decision of individual, and enhancing the happiness of them.
Speckle Interferometric Observations With the Gemini 8-m Telescopes: Signal-to-Noise Calculations and Observational Results
Authors: Howell Steve B. , Furlan Elise 
Published: June 2022

Using 3 years of observations with the Zorro and ’Alopeke speckle interferometric instruments at Gemini South and North, respectively, we present an analysis of the sensitivity of the data taken in two narrow-band optical filters centered at 562 and 832 nm (widths of 54 and 40 nm, respectively). In this paper we focus on model calculations of the predicted signal-to-noise values achievable and the results of over 2500 actual observations. We find that S/N values of several 100 are easily achieved, but that the sky background during full moon is a very limiting factor in the observations, especially those performed in the short-wavelength (blue) optical spectral range and for targets fainter than R ∼14. A comparison of our Gemini speckle observations over six observing semesters reveals that red band-pass observations provide more robust results in general, likely due to better atmospheric performance at these wavelengths. Using the identical instruments on Gemini North and South, we find that similar results are obtained, yielding typical contrast limits of 5-9 magnitudes from the diffraction limit out to 1.2″ for a range of target brightness (optical magnitudes from ∼ 3 to >16). Using our S/N model along with the observational results, an estimation of the contrast limits achievable for a given observation can be predicted based on the target brightness, sky illumination and seeing conditions, and the total integration time.