bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a virtual reality serious game training program on the cognitive function of people diagnosed with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xu , Kou Xiaomin , Meng Xiandong , Yu Jianying 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCognitive impairment persists through the course of schizophrenia and affects patients’ activities of daily living.AimThis study aims to investigate the effects of a virtual reality (VR) serious game training program on the cognitive function of people diagnosed with schizophrenia.Materials and MethodsSixty-four eligible people diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 33). The control group received standard psychiatric care. The intervention group was trained with an additional VR game twice a day for at least 10 days during hospitalization. Cognitive function was measured at enrollment and before discharge using the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia.ResultsCompared with those of the control group, the results of the working memory (t = 3.463, Cohen’s d = 0.87, p = 0.001) and executive function (TMTA: Z = -2.272, Cohen’s d = 0.59, p = 0.023; TMTB:Z = -2.365, Cohen’s d = 0.62, p = 0.018) of the intervention group after intervention were significantly better. However, there was no significant difference in the results of social cognition (Z = -1.394, Cohen’s d = 0.35, p = 0.163) between the two groups.ConclusionIntensive active virtual reality serious game training in addition to standard psychiatric care can significantly improve working memory and executive function in people diagnosed with schizophrenia.Implications for PracticeWhen helping improve the cognitive function of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, mental health professionals should identify cognitive domains to be enhanced and develop corresponding serious game training strategies.
Rivastigmine for ECT-induced cognitive adverse effects in late life depression (RECALL study): A multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in patients with depression aged 55 years or older: Rationale, objectives and methods
Authors: Henstra Marieke J. , Feenstra Thomas C. , Kok Rob M. , Spaans Harm-Pieter , van Exel Eric , Dols Annemiek , Oudega Mardien , Vergouwen Anton C. M. , van der Loo Adriano , Bet Pierre M. , Loer Stephan A. , Eikelenboom Merijn , Sienaert Pascal , Lambrichts Simon , Bouckaert Filip , Bosmans Judith E. , van der Velde Nathalie , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Stek Max L. , Rhebergen Didi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCognitive side-effects are an important reason for the limited use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Cognitive side-effects are heterogeneous and occur frequently in older persons. To date, insight into these side-effects is hampered due to inconsistencies in study designs and small sample sizes. Among all cognitive side-effects, confusion and delirious states are especially troublesome for patients, relatives and clinicians. In particular inter-ictal delirium-like states are worrisome, since they may lead to premature treatment discontinuation. Besides a need for further insight into determinants of cognitive side-effects of ECT, there is a great need for treatment options.Methods and designThe Rivastigmine for ECT-induced Cognitive Adverse effects in Late Life depression (RECALL) study combines a multicenter, prospective cohort study on older patients with depression, treated with ECT, with an embedded randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial to examine the effect of rivastigmine on inter-ictal delirium. Patients are recruited in four centers across the Netherlands and Belgium. We aim to include 150 patients into the cohort study, in order to be able to subsequently include 30 patients into the trial. Patients are included in the trial when inter-ictal delirium, assessed by the Confusion Assessment method (CAM), or a drop in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥4 during ECT, develops. In the cohort study, comprehensive measurements of ECT-related cognitive side-effects—and their putative determinants—are done at baseline and during the ECT-course. The primary outcome of the clinical trial is the effectiveness of rivastigmine on inter-ictal delirium-severity, assessed with a change in the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. Secondary outcomes of the clinical trial are several ECT-characteristics and side-effects of rivastigmine.DiscussionThis study is the first clinical trial with a focus on ECT-induced, inter-ictal delirium. The cohort provides the basis for recruitment of patients for the cross-over trial and additionally provides an excellent opportunity to unravel cognitive side-effects of ECT and identify putative determinants. This paper describes the rationale and study protocol.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT 2014-003385-24.
Sleep Quality Impairment Is Associated With Pandemic Attitudes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Circuit Breaker Lockdown in England: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kantor Jonathan , Kantor Bella Nichole , Fortgang Rebecca G. , Pace-Schott Edward F. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with sleep quality impairment and psychological distress, and the general public has responded to the pandemic and quarantine requirements in a variety of ways. We aimed to investigate whether sleep quality is low during a short-term (circuit break) quarantine restriction, and whether sleep quality is associated with respondents' overall attitudes to the pandemic using a validated scale.Design and SettingOnline cross-sectional study in England in November 2020.ParticipantsThe study included 502 respondents over the age of 18.MeasurementsSleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pandemic attitudes were assessed using the Oxford Pandemic Attitudes Scale–COVID-19 (OPAS-C), a validated 20-item, 7-domain scale that assesses pandemic-related stress, fear, loneliness, sense of community, sense of exaggerated concern, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and vaccine hesitancy. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression odds ratios of association were assessed between the dependent variable of poor sleep quality (PSQI&gt;5) and risk factors, including OPAS-C score, age, sex, educational status, and income.ResultsThe mean (SD) PSQI score was 7.62 (3.49). Overall, 68.9% of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality using the PSQI cutoff of &gt;5. The mean (SD) OPAS-C score was 60.3 (9.1). There was a significantly increased odds of poor sleep quality in the highest vs. lowest OPAS-C quartiles (OR 4.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.13], p &lt; 0.0001). Age, sex, income, political leaning, employment status, and education attainment were not associated with poor sleep quality.ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality. The odds of poor sleep quality increased in a dose-response relationship with pandemic attitudes (such as higher levels of pandemic-related stress, fear, or loneliness). The association between poor sleep quality and pandemic attitudes suggests opportunities for public health and sleep medicine interventions, and highlights the need for further research.
Incentives Promoting Contracted Family Doctor Service Policy to Improve Continuity and Coordination in Diabetes Patient Management Care in China
Authors: Jin Yinzi , Tian Wenya , Yu Yahang , Pan Wen , Yuan Beibei 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAs the first step toward building a gatekeeping system in China, the governments have introduced a contracted family doctor service (CFDS) policy in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. This study was to examine the association between apply of incentive to improve the implementation of CFDS and the performance on diabetes management care.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 72 PHC facilities in 6 cities that piloted the CFDS. Multivariate regression models were applied, based on a sample of 827 PHC providers and 420 diabetic patients.ResultsPHC providers who reported the performance being linked with increased income were 168.1 and 78.0% more likely to have good continuity and coordination of diabetes patient management care, respectively. Additional one-point percentage of PHC providers whose performance on CFDS was assessed was associated with 7.192 times higher probability of patients with control of blood glucose.DiscussionInclusion of incentives rewarding better performance on CFDS were associated with better delivery process and outcome performance on diabetes management care.ConclusionDesign and implementation of the incentive should be accompanied with the policy of CFDS, in order to increase the proportion of performance-related income of PHC providers, thereby improving the quality of diabetes management care.
Developing and Implementing ICF-Based Tools for Occupational Rehabilitation Supporting the Communication and Return to Work Process Between Sickness Absentees, Clinical Team and Jobcentre Contacts
Authors: Johansen Thomas , Kvaal Astrid Marie , Konráðsdóttir Ása Dóra 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe ICF model is applied as a conceptual framework in occupational rehabilitation in Norway.ObjectiveTo systematically apply the ICF model in rehabilitation this study had the following aims: (1) apply an ICF subset by merging an ICF core set and an ICF set to assess functioning in rehabilitation patients related to work; (2) develop a patient-reported ICF questionnaire and a clinician-friendly ICF report complementing the clinician-rated ICF subset and (3) evaluate whether ICF-based tools (subset, questionnaire, report) support the communication between a clinical team, patient and jobcentre contacts during return to work (RTW) follow up.MethodsForty-one patients completing four weeks rehabilitation were recruited. The patients were referred from general practitioners and jobcentres. The ICF subset was a combination of the EUMASS core set for disability evaluation and suggested ICF categories by experts in vocational rehabilitation from Iceland. A clinical rehabilitation team interviewed the patients using the ICF subset and problems were quantified on a generic qualifier scale for body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors. The research team and clinical team developed an ICF questionnaire, by cross-culturally adapting the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire to Norwegian. The same teams also developed an ICF report. The rehabilitation clinic forwarded the report and questionnaire to the patients' jobcentre contact, which was responsible for the RTW follow up. To evaluate the benefits of ICF-based tools, the clinical team, user representative and jobcentre contacts together participated in four workshops. They were asked the degree to which and in what way the tools supported the communication between them.ResultsThe ICF subset captured RTW challenges but was found to be time consuming. The jobcentres experienced the ICF report and questionnaire beneficial in the follow up as it strengthened their RTW decision-making basis and communication with the rehabilitation clinic and the patients about follow-up interventions.ConclusionThe development and implementation of ICF-based tools for clinical practice was a preliminary success in supporting the communication between three stakeholders during RTW follow up. Future applications of ICF-based tools ought to integrate personal factors to capture both facilitators and barriers related to functioning and work, thus, getting closer to a holistic assessment.
Weight illusion by presenting vibration to the fingertip
Authors: Kim Giryeon , Okamoto Shogo , Akiyama Yasuhiro , Yamada Youji 
Published: July 2022

It is difficult for humans to perceive weight accurately, because the perception of weight is produced by the process of multisensory integration. This implies that, by manipulating certain factors, the weight of an object could be perceived differently from the actual weight. Here, the effects of vibration on weight perception were investigated using behavioral tests and questionnaires. As a behavioral test, from a number of identically appearing non-vibrating boxes of different weights, participants had to select a box that they perceived to be of the same weight as a vibrating box. They were also asked whether vibration affected the perceived weight of the box. Even though they reported that vibration created an illusion of weight, the results of the behavioral test did not show a statistically significant effect of vibration on perceived weight. Furthermore, we investigated how the frequency of vibration affected the illusion and found that the weight illusion requires smaller acceleration of vibration at lower frequencies, such as 30 Hz. The illusion was more intense at lower frequencies than at higher frequencies, such as 200 and 300 Hz. Thus, this study demonstrated that vibrotactile stimuli presented to the fingertips produce a weight illusion: vibrating objects are perceived to feel heavier. Even though the principles of this illusion are still unknown, the effect is concrete, and our approach allows easy implementation in virtual reality applications.
Temporal Variability in Heterotrophic Carbon Dioxide Emissions From A Drained Tropical Peatland in Uganda
Authors: Farmer Jenny , Langan Charlie , Smith Jo U. 
Published: July 2022

Our study measured heterotrophic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in a drained peatland under potato cultivation in south-western Uganda. Soil carbon losses have not previously been reported for this land use, and our study set out to capture the range and temporal variation in emissions, as well as investigate relationships with key environmental variables. Soil chamber-based emission measurements were taken over five days at four points in time over the year to capture daily and monthly variability, including day and night sampling to capture any diurnal variations in temperatures and soil flux. Differences in soil microtopography from mounding of soils for potato beds and drainage trenches had a significant effect on the rate of soil flux. Diurnal sampling showed no significant difference in emissions or soil temperatures in the raised potato beds between day and night. More significant effects on soil flux from environmental drivers, such as water table depth, were observed between months, rather than hours and days. There were significant differences in the relationships between environmental variables and soil flux, depending on if soils had been recently disturbed or not. Area-weighted emissions based on microtopography gave a mean annual emissions factor of 98.79 ± 1.7 t CO2 ha-1 y-1 (± standard error) from this peatland use.
Incidence and risk factors of delayed postoperative hyponatremia after endoscopic endonasal surgery for Rathke’s cleft cyst: A single-center study
Authors: Qian Ao , Zhou Jing , Yu Jiaojiao , Huo Gang , Wang Xiaoshu 
Published: July 2022

BackgroudDelayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) is common for sellar lesions. However, the true prevalence and associated factors of DPH after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) have not been studied in a large patient cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted over 6 years at our institution, and patients with RCC treated by EES were enrolled according to our inclusion criteria. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, images, and surgical procedures were documented. Serum sodium was routinely measured before surgery, on postoperative day 1, and every 2 days thereafter until discharge. For patients with DPH, electrolyte, hematocrit, serum protein levels, and plasma and urinary osmolality were daily measured to explore potential etiology.ResultsOf the 149 eligible patients, 25 (16.8%) developed DPH, which was similar to other sellar lesions, except craniopharyngioma, in the same period in our institution. Significant risk factors suggested by univariate analysis were cyst location, requirement of postoperative hydrocortisone therapy, postoperative meningitis, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and subtotal resection (STR) of the cyst wall (all p &lt; 0.05). In addition, other supplementary 11 cases of suprasellar RCC with different surgical strategies (aggressive resection) and relevant factors were enrolled into multivariate analysis. Suprasellar location [odds ratio (OR) 8.387, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.014–69.365, p = 0.049], requirement of postoperative hydrocortisone therapy (OR 4.208, 95%CI 1.246–14.209, p = 0.021), and intraoperative CSF leakage (OR 6.631, 95%CI 1.728–25.440, p = 0.006) were found to be the independent predictors of DPH.ConclusionDPH is a common complication after EES for RCC. Suprasellar location, requirement of postoperative hydrocortisone therapy, and intraoperative CSF leakage are the most reliable risk factors. Cortisol deficiency and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) are considered as the main etiologies of DPH in RCC. Conservative excision of the cyst wall may reduce DPH occurrence.
Comprehensive Expression Analyses of Plastidial Thioredoxins of Arabidopsis thaliana Indicate a Main Role of Thioredoxin m2 in Roots
Authors: Sahrawy Mariam , Fernández-Trijueque Juan , Vargas Paola , Serrato Antonio J. 
Published: July 2022

Thioredoxins (TRXs) f and m are redox proteins that regulate key chloroplast processes. The existence of several isoforms of TRXs f and m indicates that these redox players have followed a specialization process throughout evolution. Current research efforts are focused on discerning the signalling role of the different TRX types and their isoforms in chloroplasts. Nonetheless, little is known about their function in non-photosynthetic plastids. For this purpose, we have carried out comprehensive expression analyses by using Arabidopsis thaliana TRXf (f1 and f2) and TRXm (m1, m2, m3 and m4) genes translationally fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP). These analyses showed that TRX m has different localisation patterns inside chloroplasts, together with a putative dual subcellular localisation of TRX f1. Apart from mesophyll cells, these TRXs were also observed in reproductive organs, stomatal guard cells and roots. We also investigated whether photosynthesis, stomatal density and aperture or root structure were affected in the TRXs f and m loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutants. Remarkably, we immunodetected TRX m2 and the Calvin–Benson cycle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cFBP1) in roots. After carrying out in vitro redox activation assays of cFBP1 by plastid TRXs, we propose that cFBP1 might be activated by TRX m2 in root plastids.
Polarization-Induced Phase Transitions in Ultra-Thin InGaN-Based Double Quantum Wells
Authors: Łepkowski Sławomir P. , Anwar Abdur Rehman 
Published: July 2022

We investigate the phase transitions and the properties of the topological insulator in InGaN/GaN and InN/InGaN double quantum wells grown along the [0001] direction. We apply a realistic model based on the nonlinear theory of elasticity and piezoelectricity and the eight-band k·p method with relativistic and nonrelativistic linear-wave-vector terms. In this approach, the effective spin–orbit interaction in InN is negative, which represents the worst-case scenario for obtaining the topological insulator in InGaN-based structures. Despite this rigorous assumption, we demonstrate that the topological insulator can occur in InGaN/GaN and InN/InGaN double quantum wells when the widths of individual quantum wells are two and three monolayers (MLs), and three and three MLs. In these structures, when the interwell barrier is sufficiently thin, we can observe the topological phase transition from the normal insulator to the topological insulator via the Weyl semimetal, and the nontopological phase transition from the topological insulator to the nonlocal topological semimetal. We find that in InGaN/GaN double quantum wells, the bulk energy gap in the topological insulator phase is much smaller for the structures with both quantum well widths of 3 MLs than in the case when the quantum well widths are two and three MLs, whereas in InN/InGaN double quantum wells, the opposite is true. In InN/InGaN structures with both quantum wells being three MLs and a two ML interwell barrier, the bulk energy gap for the topological insulator can reach about 1.2 meV. We also show that the topological insulator phase rapidly deteriorates with increasing width of the interwell barrier due to a decrease in the bulk energy gap and reduction in the window of In content between the normal insulator and the nonlocal topological semimetal. For InN/InGaN double quantum wells with the width of the interwell barrier above five or six MLs, the topological insulator phase does not appear. In these structures, we find two novel phase transitions, namely the nontopological phase transition from the normal insulator to the nonlocal normal semimetal and the topological phase transition from the nonlocal normal semimetal to the nonlocal topological semimetal via the buried Weyl semimetal. These results can guide future investigations towards achieving a topological insulator in InGaN-based nanostructures.
Explicit algebraic solution of Zolotarev's First Problem for low-degree polynomials
Authors: Rack Heinz Joachim , Vajda Robert 
Published: July 2022

E.I. Zolotarev's classical so-called First Problem (ZFP), which was posed to him by P.L. Chebyshev, is to determine, for a given \(n\in{\mathbb N}\backslash\{1\}\) and for a given \(s\in{\mathbb R}\backslash\{0\}\), the monic polynomial solution \(Z^{*}_{n,s}\) to the following best approximation problem: Find\[\min_{a_k}\max_{x\in[-1,1]}|a_0+a_1 x+\dots+a_{n-2}x^{n-2}+(-n s)x^{n-1}+x^n|,\]where the \(a_k, 0\le k\le n-2\), vary in \(\mathbb R\). It suffices to consider the cases \(s>\tan^2\left(\pi/(2n)\right)\).
In 1868 Zolotarev provided a transcendental solution for all \(n\geq2\) in terms of elliptic functions. An explicit algebraic solution in power form to ZFP, as is suggested by the problem statement, is available only for \(2\le n\le 5.^1\)
We have now obtained an explicit algebraic solution to ZFP for \(6\le n\le 12\) in terms of roots of dedicated polynomials.
In this paper, we provide our findings for \(6\le n\le 7\) in two alternative fashions, accompanied by concrete examples. The cases \(8\le n\le 12\) we treat, due to their bulkiness, in a separate web repository.
\(^1\) Added in proof: But see our recent one-parameter power form solution for \(n=6\) in [38].
On the unique solvability and numerical study of absolute value equations
Authors: Mohamed Achache 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we consider the unique solvability of absolute value equations (AVE), \(Ax-B\vert x\vert =b\), when the condition \(\Vert A^{-1}\Vert <\frac{1}{\left\Vert B\right\Vert }\) holds. This is a generalization of an earlier result by Mangasarian and Meyer for the special case where \(B=I\).
Secondly, a generalized Newton method for solving the AVE is proposed. We show under the condition \(\Vert A^{-1}\Vert <\frac{1}{4\Vert B\Vert }\), that the algorithm converges linearly global to the unique solution of the AVE.
Numerical results are reported to show the efficiency of the proposed method and to compare with an available method.
In-situ observation of reversible 90°-domain switching in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films for microcantilever structure
Authors: Ehara Yoshitaka , Morioka Hitoshi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yasui Shintaro , Nishida Ken , Funakubo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The field-induced strain of microcantilever structured Pb(Zr0.44Ti0.56)O3 (PZT) films on Si substrate was observed by a microbeam X-ray diffraction with a two-dimensional detector. The observed field-induced strain strongly depended on the thickness of the substrate. The experimentally estimated longitudinal piezoelectric constants (d
33) for PZT films on 5 and 400 μm thick Si substrates were in good agreement with the theoretical value taking into account the clamping effect from the substrates. These results demonstrate that the microcantilever structure virtually eliminates the clamping effect of the substrates for microelectromechanical system applications.