bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book or Music Video?
Authors: Ferfeli Pavlina 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the staggering rejuvenation of children’s picture books in the last decade, as a direct result of emerging narratives that celebrate racial identity, underrepresented culture, and heritage at the point of extinction. Awarded works such as The Undefeated, We are Water Protectors, and All Because You Matter, redefine the boundaries of children’s literature by challenging concepts related to appropriacy, narrative structure, subject matter, iconicity, and reception. Simultaneously, this paper examines the influence the pandemic exerted on children’s publishing houses, which dared to explore uncharted copyright territory, and grant permissions to writers, teachers, and librarians to share picture book content through various media platforms. The combination of the momentum of the Own Voices picture book and the newly emerging licensing landscape had amazing repercussions in both storytime reception and children’s publishing dynamics. Apart from an unprecedented boost of sales, rise in readership, and the founding of new imprints, the very fact that in digital read-aloud storytime a staggering amount of artistic media intersect, leads to the birth of a hybrid new genre--that of the picture book video. However, although this uncharted intermedial territory of Own Voices picture book video is one to follow, there are increasing BIPOC voices that speak of publishing cacophony. Has the Own Voices literary edifice painstakingly erected itself into a prison cell with bars of freedom?
Intersectionality: A Framework for Children with Special HealthCare Needs Research
Authors: Rodriguez Laura 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The experience of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) who hold multiply marginalized identities is underrepresented in healthcare research literature. Even less research investigates the impact of multiple systems of oppression on CSHCN experiences with healthcare providers, services, and systems. Methods: To identify gaps and areas of future research, in early 2020, a scoping review of current CSHCN healthcare literature that includes an explicit intersectionality framework or analysis was conducted. Findings: Based on the literature search results, there were zero peer reviewed articles within the CSHCN research literature that included a framework or analysis of intersectionality. Implication: CSHCN have diverse lived experiences. An explicitly intersectional approach is best suited to creating programs, treatments, interventions, and service provision that address the truly complex needs of this population within the U.S. dominant culture. Promising frameworks and future research needs are discussed.
Study on Dissolution test and the correlation factors that lead to different Bioavailability of Drugs
Authors: Abed AL-Hussein Rinata Abed AL- star , Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Al-Naqeeb Abdulkhaliq A. 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to study the physical and chemical characteristics solubility testing by using three types of drugs which are: (Clopidegrol tablet, Simvastatin tablet, Chlorpromazine tablet).
From different sources (France, Jordan, India, Germany, Creek, Syria and Lebanon) according to American standard (U.S.P30) to obtain the results to the primary solubility testing data the result of the significant level comparison to analysis the variation for the test of equal means of the data of solubility as following:1 - The solubility of the French drug is the heights with significant level differences at:A - With a highly significant level (P < 0.01) Compared with the Indian product.B - With a non significant level at ( P > 0.05) Compared with Jordan product.C - A highly significant level at (P < 0.01) according to the solubility of Jordan product by using Simvastatin.2 - The results of significant difference is based on the highest solubility by using Clopidegrol drug at (P < 0.01) compared with the Jordan and with significant level (P < 0.05) compared with Indian drug .3 - Also the result of significant level comparison given high significant level (P < 0.01) between the German product which gives a high significant difference level compared with the Greek product and with un significant level ( P > 0.05) compared with Indian product .4 - Show that their exist a significant difference (P < 0.05) with the highly solubility for the Lebanon product compared with Syrian product by also using chlorpromazine in similarly test for average reading of solubility by using t-test.
The use of the water extract of Rosa spp petals as a bacterial growth medium
Authors: Al-Azzauy Ahmed A. M. , Hana Dalya B. , Abdalah Mayssaa E. 
Published: April 2022

In a pioneer study, simple water extract for the red petals of Rosa spp. was prepared under sterile conditions, then used for the first time as experimental bacterial culture medium for the growth of the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae; the medium was used as alternative culture medium for the routine culture media (Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar) that used for the growth of these genera in the laboratories.All the genera showed active growth after 24 hours when it used directly as a liquid culture medium. The extract was used also to enrich the agar-agar and cultivated with the same bacteria; it showed a noticeable growth. The results suggest that this extract is a suitable culture medium; it could be used instead ofthe routine culture media that used in the cultivation of these bacteria in the laboratories. It also represents important, rich nutritional medium as those that isused in the routine laboratory work.
The comparison study of Fluoride kinetics in saliva after the use of chewing gums containing different fluoride compounds In Iraqi subjects
Authors: Jassim Khalid Nassif 
Published: April 2022

There is a relationship between the use of fluoride, the reduction of dental caries and the increase of dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fluoride kinetics in saliva after using two commercially available chewing gums with fluoride, which contains (3.38) mg of fluoride as marketed Sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) and sodium fluoride (NaF) which are the two most common sources of fluoride used in currently fluoride dentifrices.Fifteen 7-9 year-old volunteers were instructed to chew the fluoridated gums. Total saliva was collected, at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 15 minutes after 3 minutes starting chewing. Salivary fluoride was analyzed with a fluoride-specific electrode (201 Fluoride E. HANNA instruments) after acid hydrolysis.The fluoride amount in the saliva samples after the use of chewing gum which contains Sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) was 0.4 mg which higher than after the use of chewing gum contains sodium fluoride (NaF) which was 0.041mg in all experimental periods, The high fluoride presence in saliva after the use of chewing gum of (NaMFP) is significant to prevent dental caries and this should be evaluated in clinical researches. On the other hand, children at an age of risk for dental fluorosis should avoid the use of this kind of chewing gums.
Evaluation of Tensile Strength and Microhardness of Two Nickel- Chromium Based Casting Alloys with the Addition of Different Ratios Recasted Alloy Using Oxyacetylene Flame Casting Techniques
Authors: S.A Fahad , A.A. Widad , I.I. Sundus 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate the tensile strength and microhardness of Ni-Cr alloy by adding two different ratios of recasted alloy (25%,50%)and one controlled group (100%fresh alloy),some technicians in our country modifies the casting of Ni-Cr alloy by adding recasted alloy because of high cost of Ni-Cr and low economical state.
We use two different trade mark of Ni-Cr alloy (wiron99 and maxwhiteness).According to ANSI/ADA Specification No. 14 (ISO 6871); 30 specimens were made for tensile testing for each alloy type. Another 30 specimens were made for micro-hardness testing which they were square in shape (6mm for each arm and 1mm thickness). ,after statistical analysis it was found that there were no significant differences between each sub-group for the same alloy type for tensile and micro-hardness testing specimens. Although there were a great significant differences between each alloy type.
Evaluation of calcium concentration in saliva of Iraqi male smokers
Authors: Abed Hayder Hamed , Al-Fatah Jamal Abed , Mohana Mosher Hadi , Ali Husseen Abed Al-Wahed 
Published: April 2022

Calcium is the major component of bones and teeth, and it is not surprising that disturbances in calcium metabolism have been implicated in most of the major chronic diseases, including renal disease, osteoporosis; and periodontal tissues Saliva is a secretion which plays an important role in initial digestive processes and in maintaining homeostasis of the oral cavity environment. Constant presence of saliva in the oral cavity helps to keep its tissues in healthy condition. Secretion of calcium in saliva depends on many physiological factors such as salivary flow rates and pH of oral environment.
Fifteen Iraqi males were considered in this study with age range 49-52 years old. They were smoking 30-40 cigarette per day with nicotine contain of about 0.81-1.2 mg per cigarette Significant increasing in calcium concentration was observed in the smokers in comparison with the non-smokers with a mean changes 0.538 ± 0.410 SD. The pH values of saliva were decreased to 6.22 while for the non smokers was 7.12.Our result predicted elevated levels of calcium concentration of the smoker's saliva than the non smokers. This increasing in concentration we attributed to decrease of pH of saliva which retrieving calcium from teeth or aging process that attributed decrease in skeleton density than release of calcium from bone and teeth to circulation or hormonal changes.
Serum iron levels in correlation with serum lead, and serum calcium levels in diabetic patients
Authors: Abbas Wasan Abdulkareem 
Published: April 2022

Recent medical researches suggest that there may be a link between iron levels and diabetes . The objective of this study is to measure serum iron levels indiabetic patients and compared with healthy controls .The study also include the measurement of both serum calcium ,and serum lead levels in diabetic patients and the correlation between these two elements and the disease ,and the correlation between these elements and iron level in diabetic patients.
This study included 30 patients had diabetes were submitted to the out patients clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Those patients were varying in theirages (30-70 years) and duration of disease (1-22 years) compared with 20 apparently healthy controls (non diabetic), with the same range of age.Calcium, lead, and iron estimation were done by atomic absorption method. In this study there is no significant changes were found in both serum leadlevels of the patients compared with the controls and serum iron levels of the patients compared with the controls , While there is a significant changes in serum calcium levels of the patients compared with the controls p ˂ 0.0001. Also there is inverse correlation between serum calcium and serum iron (r=-0.398) , a weak inverse correlation between serum lead and serum iron (r=-0.069),and a direct weak correlation between serum calcium and serum lead(r=0.027) were found in the patients.The role of iron in diabetes development still unclear, and the patients should carefully use iron supplements particularly patients with long duration of the disease.
Diagnostic Study on Brucella melitensis isolated from Human in Wassit province
Authors: Abbas Basil A. , Mohammed Haethem Q. , Tofah Jalal A. 
Published: April 2022

This study was performed to identify the extent of the infection with Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in humans in Kut city through a period ofnine months from September 2007 till May 2008. One hundred blood samples were collected from humans and all were suspected in having brucellosis while twenty blood samples were collected from humans and all were known in not being suspected in having brucellosis and has no history in having such disease according to the performed serological tests (Rose Bengal test and 2-Mercaptoethanol test). The recorded cases for the brucellosis suspected samples were 58 Cases (58%) that positive for Rose Bengal test which the acute phases.With the use of 2–Mercaptoethanol test, the results showed that the chronic phase positive cases reached up to 12 samples (20.68%).Blood sample from the infected cases used for the purpose of bacterial isolation. Later by using Castaneda biphase medium the results showed that out of58, 8 (13.79%) isolates were positive for the test. This method has been characterized by its time shortness for isolation.A number of morphological and biochemical tests had been carried including the direct examination, Catalase, Oxidase , Urease, IMVIC test, inoculation intonitrate reduction test medium and the ability to grow in the bacteriostatic dyes medium under the presence of basic fuchsin dye with two concentrations 1:50000 and 1:100000.The results of the biotyping of isolates showed that 2 isolates out of 8 isolates (25%) were agglutinated with monospecific antisera for Brucella abortus (A) so itwas belonging to the biotype 2. While the rest 6 isolates (75%) which were agglutinated simultaneously with monospacific antisera for Brucella abortus (A)and with monospecific antisera for Brucella melitensis (M) so it was belonging to the biotype 3.
All isolate's colonies which were isolated from the infected cases were in the smooth phase and showed its negativity to the virulence factors tests represented by the enzymes of (hemolysin, gelatin hydrolysis, lecithinase, DNAase).All isolates were subjected to the antibiotics sensitivity test toward twenty two antibiotics and they were sensitive in a rate of 100% toward Streptomycin,Pipracillin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampicin, Doxycyclin and Cephoxitin while toward Chloramphenicol it was 92% and for Tetracycline and Gentamycin itwas 80% for both. At the same time the isolates were resistant at a rate 100% to Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin, Nalidixic acid, Lincomycin, Cefixine,Cloxacillin, Clindamycin, and the mixed Trimethoprin and Sulfamethoxazole
A study of cytotoxic effect of Iraqi fenugreek seeds alkaloids extract on some cancer cell line.
Authors: Salman Salim Dawood 
Published: April 2022

The inhibitory activity of total alkaloids of Iraqi fenugreek extract on cancer cells was evaluated and its cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines was measured.Alkaloids were extracted from the seed, which contain the main active constituent, by organic solvent. The crude extract was purified and the total alkaloids were obtained. Detection and identification of purified extract were carried out by using many assays.Cytotoxic effects of different concentration (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 μg/ml) of fenugreek alkaloids on two cell line (RD, REF) cancer line was studied after 24h,48h and 72h of exposure to the alkaloids extract. It was found that there was a significant cytotoxic effect on this line at concentration (1000μg/ml) after 24hr of exposure while no significant effect seen in other concentration used in the study. Similarly it found after 72hr a significant effect could be detected at high concentration (1000μg/ml).No significant cytotoxicity after 48hr of exposure for all concentration used could be seen. On REF cancer cell line no significant cytotoxic effect could be seen after 24hr of exposure even that there is a slight none, significant effect in some concentration. After 48hronly at high concentration (1000μg/ml) a significant effect was seen. All concentration used have no cytotoxic effect after 72hr of exposure. So we canconclude that fenugreek alkaloids have a cytotoxic effect on different cancer cell line which differs in potency from cell line to other and different exposure times.
Urinary Tract Infection Among Children's Under (12) Years Old In Tikrit City
Authors: Aswed AL-Qaidi Hussein S. , Jasim Thamer M. , AL_Mazruai Ibrahim A.Hussein 
Published: April 2022

A total of 160 urine samples from patient attendants to Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit during the priod from 1st June to 30 September 2001 with signsand symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection .Only 51 urine sample (32%) were positive yielded significant Bacteruria.The result indicated that E.coli was the most frequent organism (41%) and consequently followed by Klebseilla spp., Enterobacter spp. (15.5%) andproteus mirabilus, pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Urinary Tract Infections are less common in male than female 19 (12%) and 32 (20%) respectively. Cell wasfound with bicteria in all the positive cases (the 51 urine sample).Regarding to relation of U.T.I. with age, the result showed that the most frequent infected patient was in age group of (6-8) years in both females and male 9(5.6%) and 5 (3%) respectively .The samples were examined within 30 min, specimens were cultured on blood agar, MacConky agar .and nutrient agar, incubated aerobically at 37oCfor 18-24 hrs. This is a cross section study indicated the Ratio of Urinary tract infections in girls more than boys a ratio of1:0.6 Culture and sensitivity test of antibiotics were done to recognize the etiological agent and select the suitable antibiotics.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfacetamide in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations with Metol and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ)
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R. , Ali Huda Mohammed , Musa Luma Aamr 
Published: April 2022

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method of determination of Sulfacetamide (SAC) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.The method is based on the formation of (SAC) complex. The reaction between of the Sulfacetamide with the mixture of metol and potassium hexacyanoferrate (ΙΙΙ) was evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of the Sulfacetamide. The maximum absorbance of the colored complex occurred at λ=540nm. Reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain (SAC) complex of high sensitivity and longer stability. Under optimum conditions the absorbance of the (SAC) complex where found to increase linearly with increase in concentration of the Sulfacetamide, which corroborated with correlation coefficient value. The concentration ranges are 0.1-100 μg ml-1 with detection limit 0.01842μg ml-1 and relative standard deviation 0.74 % and relative error of prediction for drug were lower.The proposed method was successfully applied to determine of the selected Sulfacetamide in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations with good precisionand accuracy compared to standard method as revealed by t- and F- values and the results obtained agree well with the labeled contents.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Antimicrobial Vaginal Tablets of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Rahi Firas Aziz , Thomas Lena M 
Published: April 2022

Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone, effective in the treatment of a wide range of infections, including genitourinary tract infections.In this study, bioadhesive vaginal tablets of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method using a combination of bioadhesivepolymers carbopol 934P(Cp), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA) in different ratios.The prepared tablet formulations were characterized by measuring their swelling capacity, surface pH, bioadhesive properties, and in-vitro drug dissolution. It was found that the bioadhesive force was directly proportional to carbopol 934P content in different formulae and was further enhanced by the inclusion of carboxymethylcellulose. Swelling studies indicated that formulae containing a combination of carbopol 934P and sodium alginate or carboxymethylcellulose had greater swelling index than those containing carbopol 934P alone. Formulations containing Carbopol 934P and carboxymethylcellulose were found to swell to a greater extent than those composed of similar ratios of carbopol and sodium alginate. In vitro drug release study showed that the release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from formulae containing carboxymethylcellulose was faster than from those containing sodium alginate.Formula F5 composed of CP/CMC in a ratio of 2:1 showed moderate swelling, suitable bioadhesion and retardation of drug release. Thus, it may be considered a good candidate as a base for bioadhesive vaginal tablet
Effect of Tamsulosin on Biomarkers after Ureteral Stones Lithotripsy
Authors: Abood Mohammed Khalid , Abass Wasan Abd Alkarim , Fadil Ammar 
Published: April 2022

Since the aurora of civilization, urolithiasis has plagued humans. Defective drainage due to urinary tract obstruction at the narrowest part (ureterovesical junction, ureteropelvic junction, and near the pelvic brim) via stones will eventually cause the agonizing renal colic pain. Therapeutic managements of urolithiasis to relief acute colic pain are the primary objective. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used drugs as suggested by many studies. It is very important to consider side effects of the drugs used in the treatment of colic pain.
In order to preserve renal function and to relief obstruction, medical expulsion therapy are used for ureteral calculi as a conservative management. These medications will aid the passage ureteral calculi, an area that currently seems to be a field for continuous investigation.The Aim of this Study is to compare renal biomarkers before and after Lithotripsy and to evaluate the effect of Tamsulosin on these biomarkers in patients with ureteral stones.
We concluded that, there were significant differences in the clinical outcomes obtained after using tamsulosin for 14 days in patients with ureteral stones who underwent lithotripsy compared with those patients who were not used tamsulosin; the levels of KIM-1, andserum urea were decreased significantly (p value <0.05) while the levels of ALP and serum sodium show an improvement when compared to patients who were not used tamsulosin but it's results were statistically not significant
Detection of Nicotine in Equisetum arvense Grown Naturally in Iraq
Authors: Al-Badri Haider B. , Al-Ani Widad M.K. , Naser Abdul Mutalib A.G 
Published: April 2022

Equisetum arvense L, Family: Equisetaceae, common name hoarse tails. The plant is used traditionally to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and treat tuberculosis and kidney problems.
The new approach is the investigation of cytotoxic and anti HIV activities of this plant. The aerial part of the plant was extracted to investigate the presence of alkaloids in it. Powdered plant was macerated with 2N HCl overnight.
The alkaloids were detected with Dragendorrf reagent and were found to be one spot. Investigation of the extracted alkaloids using GC/MS reveal the presence of nicotine as the single alkaloids found in the plant.