bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal homogenization formula for viscoelastic–viscoplastic model subjected to local cyclic loading
Authors: Lee Wonjoo , Shin Hyunseong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a temporal homogenization formula was developed to predict the response fields (i.e., stress, strain, and displacement) of a viscoelastic–viscoplastic model under local cyclic loading. It is the first attempt to apply the temporal homogenization formula of constitutive equations with higher‐order differential forms on the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model. The temporal homogenization formula is classified into two types: non‐updated temporal homogenization formula and updated temporal homogenization formula. Initial boundary value problem was classified into the global initial boundary value problem and the local initial boundary value problem. To verify this method, two examples were used: (i) when a uniaxial cyclic load is applied to a one‐dimensional bar and (ii) when a multiaxial cyclic load is applied to a three‐dimensional bar. On comparing the accuracy of the non‐updated and the updated temporal homogenization formula, it can be clearly seen that the updated temporal homogenization formula yielded more accurate results.
Exosomal proteins as a source of biomarkers in colon cancer‐derived peritoneal carcinomatosis – A pilot study
Authors: Vallejos Paul A. , Fuller Ryan N. , Kabagwira Janviere , Kwong Mei Li , Gonda Amber , McMullen James R. W. , Le Natasha , Selleck Matthew J. , Miller Lance D. , Perry Christopher C. , Senthil Maheswari , Wall Nathan R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposePeritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), metastasized from colorectal cancer (CRC), remains a highly lethal disease. Outcomes of PC is significantly influenced by the amount of intra‐abdominal tumor burden and therefore diagnostic tests that facilitate earlier diagnosis could improve PC treatment and patient outcomes.Experimental DesignUsing mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics, we characterized the protein features of circulating exosomes in the context of CRC PC, CRC with liver metastasis, and primary CRC limited to the colon. We profiled exosomes isolated from patient plasma to identify exosome‐associated protein cargoes released by these cancer types.ResultsAnalysis of the resulting data identified metastasis‐specific exosome protein signatures. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed enrichment of proteins annotated to vesicle‐associated processes and intracellular compartments, as well as representation of cancer hallmark functions and processes.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThis research yielded distinct protein profiles for the CRC patient groups and suggests the utility of plasma exosome proteomic analysis for a better understanding of PC development and metastasis.
Expanding from LOPA to quantitative bow tie analysis
Authors: Marszal Edward M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe layer of protection analysis (LOPA) is a ubiquitous part of the workflow for process hazards analysis and engineered safeguard design. LOPA became popular as an extension of process hazards analysis (PHA) techniques like hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies, where a little more formality and quantification were required to help better understand the risk or to provide order‐of‐magnitude design criteria for safeguards. Even so, from its inception LOPA has suffered from limitations that are rooted in the “one‐cause, one‐consequence” paradigm to the analysis that limits the scope. This limitation can result in design errors where engineered safeguards that protect against a consequence with multiple causes can be under‐designed by looking at one cause at a time. Also, safeguards that reduce the magnitude of consequences (i.e., mitigate) instead of preventing loss of containment cannot be addressed at all without ignoring the residual consequence that exists even if the safeguard activates successfully. While some extensions of LOPA that address the issue of multiple causes are commonly used, mitigative safeguards are rarely appropriately addressed and designed using LOPA. Finally, the textual nature of the process also makes results hard to communicate to nonpractitioners. Recent research into unified hazard assessment that combines HAZOP, LOPA, and bow tie analysis has yielded techniques that elegantly address all the limitations of LOPA while also providing a graphical presentation that facilitates result communication. This paper will provide background on how unified hazard assessment yielded the techniques of quantitative bow tie analysis. The paper will also describe in detail how to implement quantitative bow tie analysis along with the mathematical concepts used for quantification of risk for multiple causes and multiple consequences inside a single bow tie diagram. The concepts will be presented using example studies that include mitigative safeguards and multiple cause scenarios.
Adaptive dynamic programming‐based adaptive‐gain sliding mode tracking control for fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle with disturbances
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Zhang Guoshan , Dong Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article proposes an adaptive dynamic programming‐based adaptive‐gain sliding mode control (ADP‐ASMC) scheme for a fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with matched and unmatched disturbances. Starting from the dynamic of fixed‐wing UAV, the control‐oriented model composed of attitude subsystem and airspeed subsystem is established. According to the different issues in two subsystems, two novel adaptive‐gain generalized super‐twisting (AGST) algorithms are developed to eliminate the effects of disturbances in two subsystems and make the system trajectories tend to the designed integral sliding manifolds in finite time. Then, based on the expected equivalent sliding‐mode dynamics, the modified adaptive dynamic programming approach with actor‐critic structure is utilized to generate the nearly optimal control laws and achieve the nearly optimal performance of the sliding‐mode dynamics. Furthermore, through the Lyapunov stability theorem, the tracking errors and the weight estimation errors of two neural networks are all uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, comparative simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control scheme for the fixed‐wing UAV.
Missionary, citizen, and consumer: Evangelical American child sponsorship and humanitarian marketing in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Henquinet Kari B. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTChild sponsorship has been a wildly successful fundraising strategy for humanitarian and development organizations since the Cold War. This article examines the formative period of child sponsorship's growth and early humanitarian marketing strategies using the case of the now evangelical humanitarian giant World Vision in the 1950s and 1960s. Using archival sources from this period, I identify three channels that appear in World Vision child sponsorship ads and branding: Christian missionary sentimentalism, Cold War citizenship, and American consumerism. World Vision operated in all three channels as it transposed familiar cultural meaning to images, gifts, stories, performances, and experiences circulating in the humanitarian moral economy. World Vision experimented in this period with messaging using emerging marketing strategies in addition to established missionary, military, and political networks and rhetoric. This article considers the various historical threads of child sponsorship as a successful humanitarian fundraising strategy that has endured yet been reworked over time.
Synthesis of a New Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Oxycodone Opioid and Its Formulation for Transdermal Controlled Drug Delivery Application: A Joint Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Behnia Nasrin , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Shekarchi Maryam , Tehrani Mohammad Saber , Adib Noushin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present project, a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by using oxycodone (as the molecular template as well as the guest drug). The precipitation polymerization approach was used for preparation of the nano‐composites. Methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and 2,2‐azobisissobutyronitrile (AIBN), were used as the functional monomer, the crosslinker, and as the photoinitiator, respectively. Moreover, to decrease the release rate of the drug, the bacterial cellulose (BC) was used in formulation of MIP contained‐transdermal patch. The release study of the drug by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (fitted with the Higuchi expression) has indicated that the MIP‐BC is a good candidate for the controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). Finally, both the MIP‐, and the non‐molecular imprinted polymers (NIP)‐drug systems were designed and studied by the density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical method, to investigate the potential energy surface (PES), structural properties, and adsorption behavior in the molecular view. The results showed that the formation of MIP‐oxycodone (−12.85 kcal mol−1) system is more favorable than the formation of the NIP‐oxycodone one (−11.35 kcal mol−1) (due to more hydrogen bonds, and polar interactions).
Construction and Application of a New Polarity‐Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on the Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Wang Kai , Jiao Yawen , Ma Qingqing , Shu Wei , Xiao Haibin , Zhang Tian , Liu Yuying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer based near‐infrared emission and polarity‐sensitive fluorescent probe (E)‐3‐((E)‐2‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐2‐(3‐ethyl‐1,1‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indol‐2(3H)‐ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (M‐NA) was developed. This probe consisted of benzomerocyanine unit and o‐hydroxyacetophenone unit. In high‐polar solvent, M‐NA displayed higher fluorescence and longer emission wavelength. Theoretical calculations data showed that M‐NA had larger emission oscillator strength and lower non‐radiative decay in high polarity media, corresponding with the fluorescence character. Further experiments verified that M‐NA possessed excellent selectivity and stability, and could further quantify the accurate polarity as well as the water content of binary mixed solvent.
Carbon Dots Mediated In Situ Confined Growth of Bi Clusters on g‐C3N4 Nanomeshes for Boosting Plasma‐Assisted Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Li Jun , Kong Xiangguang , Li Changchang , Lin Bo , Dong Fan , Yang Guidong , Shao Guosheng , Xue Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynthesis of high‐efficiency, cost‐effective, and stable photocatalysts has long been a priority for sustainable photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CRR), given its importance in achieving carbon neutrality goals under the new development philosophy. Fundamentally, the sluggish interface charge transportation and poor selectivity of products remain a challenge in the CRR progress. Herein, this work unveils a synergistic effect between high‐density monodispersed Bi/carbon dots (CDs) and ultrathin graphite phase carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanomeshes for plasma‐assisted photocatalytic CRR. The optimal g‐C3N4/Bi/CDs heterojunction displays a high selectivity of 98% for CO production with a yield up to 22.7 µmol g−1 without any sacrificial agent. The in situ confined growth of plasmonic Bi clusters favors the production of more hot carriers and improves the conductivity of g‐C3N4. Meanwhile, a built‐in electric field driving force modulates the directional injection photogenerated holes from plasmonic Bi clusters and g‐C3N4 photosensitive units to adjacent CDs reservoirs, thus promoting the rapid separation and oriented transfer in the CRR process. This work sheds light on the mechanism of plasma‐assisted photocatalytic CRR and provides a pathway for designing highly efficient plasma‐involved photocatalysts.
Self‐Forming p–n Junction Diode Realized with WSe2 Surface and Edge Dual Contacts
Authors: Le Thi Hai Yen , Ngo Tien Dat , Phan Nhat Anh Nguyen , Yoo Won Jong , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Aoki Nobuyuki , Bird Jonathan P. , Kim Gil‐Ho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOwing to their practical applications, two‐dimensional semiconductor p–n diodes have attracted enormous attention. Over the past decade, various methods, such as chemical doping, heterojunction structures, and metallization using metals with different work functions, have been reported for fabrication of such devices. In this study, a lateral p–n junction diode is formed in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) using a combination of edge and surface contacts. The appearance of amorphous tungsten oxide at etched WSe2, and the formation of a junction near the edge contact, are verified by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The device demonstrates high on/off ratio for both the edge and surface contacts, with respective values of 107 and 108. The diode can achieve extremely high mobility of up to 168 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a rectification ratio of 103. The ideality factor is 1.11 at a back gate voltage VG = 60 V at 300 K. The devices with encapsulation of hexagonal boron nitride exhibit good stability to atmospheric exposure, over a measured period of 2 months. In addition, the architecture of the contacts, which is based on a single‐channel device, should be advantageous for the implementation of more complicated applications such as inverters, photodetectors, and light‐emitting diodes.
Chemi‐Mechanically Peeling the Unstable Surface States of α‐FAPbI3
Authors: Liang Zihui , Jin Bowen , Cao Jinguo , Chen Fengxiang , Li Jing , Wang Shimin , Wang Kai , Wu Congcong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurface states are one of the crucial factors determining the phase stability of formamidinium‐based perovskites. Compared with other compositions, exclusive lattice strain in FAPbI3 perovskite generates defects at the surface more readily, making them more vulnerable at the surface and easier to trigger the phase transition from α‐phase to the non‐perovskite δ‐phase. In order to regulate the surface quality, here, a chemi‐mechanical cleavage approach is reported, i.e., tape peel‐zone (PZ), implemented by attaching and peeling off the ordinary Kapton Tapes. The PZ approach can simultaneously eliminate the surface defects of perovskite and siliconize the film surface with hydrophobic silicone compounds. These two functionalities endow α‐FAPbI3 perovskite with a robust hydrophobic surface, which can sustain for 30 days under a relative humidity of 60% and withstand the high temperature up to 240 °C. The unencapsulated PZ‐treated cells show 80.3% of initial performance after 90 h of continuous operation in ambient air, which is 31.4 times more stable than the pristine cell.
Artificial Immune Cell, AI‐cell, a New Tool to Predict Interferon Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Response to Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandler Morgan , Jain Sankalp , Halman Justin , Hong Enping , Dobrovolskaia Marina A. , Zakharov Alexey V. , Afonin Kirill A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNucleic acid nanoparticles, or NANPs, rationally designed to communicate with the human immune system, can offer innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional nucleic acid therapies. Each set of NANPs is unique in their architectural parameters and physicochemical properties, which together with the type of delivery vehicles determine the kind and the magnitude of their immune response. Currently, there are no predictive tools that would reliably guide the design of NANPs to the desired immunological outcome, a step crucial for the success of personalized therapies. Through a systematic approach investigating physicochemical and immunological profiles of a comprehensive panel of various NANPs, the research team developes and experimentally validates a computational model based on the transformer architecture able to predict the immune activities of NANPs. It is anticipated that the freely accessible computational tool that is called an “artificial immune cell,” or AI‐cell, will aid in addressing the current critical public health challenges related to safety criteria of nucleic acid therapies in a timely manner and promote the development of novel biomedical tools.
Strategies for strengthening of corroded reinforced concrete beams using CFRP laminates and UHPC jacketing
Authors: Al‐Osta Mohammed A. , Kharma Khaled M. , Ahmad Shamsad , Maslehuddin Mohammed , Al‐Huri Mohammed , Khalid Hammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article aims to investigate the flexural behavior of strengthened corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams using carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates and using a hybrid system of CFRP laminates and ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) layers. A total of 15 RC beam specimens were prepared, out of which one specimen was uncorroded–unstrengthened, and 14 specimens were corroded using accelerated corrosion set up to cause a significant reduction in the load‐carrying capacity of the RC beams. The damaged covers of the corroded RC beam specimens were first repaired and then strengthened with different strengthening strategies involving CFRP laminates alone as well as the CFRP laminates and UHPC jacketing together. The experimental results obtained by testing the strengthened RC beam specimens in flexure showed a significant enhancement in the load‐carrying capacity and stiffness of the strengthened corroded RC beams. The number of CFRP laminates, hybridization of the CFRP laminates and UHPC layer, and the thickness of the UHPC layer all significantly improved the load‐carrying capacity and stiffness of the strengthened corroded RC beams indicating the possibility of selecting an optimal strategy out of different options for strengthening the corroded beams to achieve a targeted degree of the efficacy of the strengthening. The analytical model developed in this study to estimate the flexural capacity of the strengthened RC beams was found to predict the values of the load‐bearing capacity of the RC beams strengthened using different strategies very close to their respective experimental values.
The Securitisation of Language Borders and the (Re)production of inequalities
Authors: Khan Kamran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article will focus on inequalities for migrants which are (re)produced by the promise of equality through citizenship and settlement test regimes. I theorize the links between language and borders by drawing on scholarship on security before offering an analysis of language border proliferation. Drawing on other studies and my own work, I will also outline various inequalities. First, how language can act as a proxy for the race through testing which is disproportionately more problematic for non‐Europeans. Second, how a lack of access to test centers can discriminate in testing that takes place in the country of origin prior to arrival while also reducing access to test centers in the country of arrival once settled. Third, how tests can affect women, particularly mothers who may lack access to language support and may also have care duties. I will also outline the effects of delays and in relation to language borders. In all of the above, citizenship testing is better situated as a form of border making consistent with the increasing securitization of broader society whether through offshore detention, walls, or increased surveillance.
Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Weichselbaum Laura , Lepida Antonia , Marot Astrid , Trépo Eric , Moreno Christophe , Deltenre Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) may be used as a salvage treatment in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding.AimTo synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding.MethodsMeta‐analysis of trials evaluating TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding, including subgroup analysis to assess the impact of recent changes in the management of variceal bleeding (i.e., the use of Polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered TIPS and the availability of pre‐emptive TIPS as a first‐line treatment for acute variceal bleeding).ResultsTwenty‐three studies with 1430 patients were included. The pooled estimate rates were 0.33 (95% CI = 0.29–0.37) for death at 1 month–6 weeks, 0.46 (95% CI = 0.40–0.52) for death at 1 year, and 0.09 (95% CI = 0.06–0.11) for death due to rebleeding in the follow‐up. The pooled estimate rates for death at 1 month or 6 weeks were similar in subgroup analyses including studies that did not use covered TIPS or that did not include patients after the pre‐emptive TIPS area compared to the ones that did (pooled estimate rate 0.33 [95% CI = 0.28–0.38] and 0.32 [95% CI = 0.25–0.39], respectively). The pooled estimate rates were 0.16 (95% CI = 0.13–0.18) for rebleeding, 0.25 (95% CI = 0.17–0.36) for occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy, and 0.08 (95% CI = 0.05–0.13) for access to liver transplantation after TIPS insertion.ConclusionsOne third of patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding treated with salvage TIPS died within the first 6 weeks. Recent improvements in the management of variceal bleeding did not improve the survival of patients presenting with refractory variceal bleeding.
Ultradünne Diamantschichten
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Handschuh Markus , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDiamantschichten sind seit einiger Zeit für industrielle Produkte wie Zerspanwerkzeuge erhältlich. Seither hat sich der Schwerpunkt der Forschung auf ultradünne und multifunktionale Diamantschichten verlagert. Für die Herstellung von ultradünnen Schichten (≤ 100 nm) war und ist interdisziplinäre Forschung von essentieller Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel eruiert die wesentlichen Entwicklungsschritte, welche die Synthese von ultradünnen Diamantschichten ermöglicht haben, und beschreibt neue Anwendungsgebiete, die sich aus der Dünne der Diamantschicht und der Einstellbarkeit ihrer Eigenschaften ergeben.
Controlling Violence by the Dominant Coalition: A Comparative Study of the Philippines (Mindanao) and Myanmar
Authors: Uesugi Yuji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, limited access order (LAO) and open access order (OAO) are used as a conceptual framework for analyzing two peacebuilding cases in Southeast Asia: the Philippines (Mindanao) and Myanmar. The main hypothesis is that the national dominant coalition (NDC) relies on patron–client relationships between national elites and their counterparts in subsidiary communities to control violence in LAOs. The chapter examines the importance of the three key doorstep conditions—the rule of law for elites, perpetually lived organizations in the public and private spheres, and consolidated political control of the organizations with violent capacity—for establishing control of the violence within the territory in these two cases. The chapter suggests that violence is more likely to be controlled when national elites can find it to their advantage to limit violence and make sustained social interaction possible in order to preserve their privileges and vested interests. The two case studies also demonstrate that “rents” (material benefits that the elites use to forge a consensus or to maintain the coalition among them) are used to limit violence and to coordinate the interests of powerful individuals and organizations.