bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Develop a Fabula: The Case of Dēnkard VII
Authors: Vassalli Massimiliano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In his important 1963 study, Marijan Molé (1924–63) argued that Dēnkard
VII does not provide an objective and complete biography of Zoroaster, but rather reflects a later Zoroastrian conception of him as a prophet at the time of its writing. Following his approach, the present article examines the text as a cultural product and a narrative fabrication of late Antique Zoroastrianism. This study attempts first to identify the main theme of Dēnkard
VII, since, although it is generally considered the book of the “legend of Zoroaster,” the protagonist appears in only five out of eleven chapters—less than half of the material. Furthermore, this paper analyses also some of the main compositional techniques that form the internal structure of the narrative, with the aim of understanding the literary tricks that allow flow from one episode to another and from one chapter to another.
Richard Rorty and the Epistemic Defense of Democracy
Authors: Dieleman Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Richard Rorty has been taken to task for his apparent inability to defend democracy to the anti-democrat. Cheryl Misak, for example, in developing her own epistemic defense of democracy, argues that because he abjures truth, Rorty cannot provide any argument to show that democracy is superior to other political arrangements. In this paper, I agree with Misak that Rorty is unable to provide an argument, epistemic or otherwise, in defense of democracy, but show that this doesn’t mean he, or someone who takes his insights seriously, needs to be silent about its shape or its promises. Instead, I follow Rorty’s lead and develop out of Fabienne Peter’s work an epistemology that, though it cannot be used to defend democracy, does comport well with it.
We Agree to Differ
Authors: Troiano Mariano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work is part of a series of studies dealing with elements that allow us to build a dialogue between the controversial and apparently opposing positions of the church fathers and Valentinian Gnostic authors. The present article analyzes the Christological construction elaborated by Irenaeus of Lyons around the idea of recapitulation (to recapitulate = ἀνακεφαλαιόομαι), which is explicitly presented as a confrontation against Valentinian interpretations and the notions elaborated by these authors. The main objective of our research is to glimpse the possibility of debate and dialogue in the heresiological arguments beyond their apparent antagonism.
COVID-19 and Politically Motivated Reasoning
Authors: Maguire Allegra , Persson Emil , Västfjäll Daniel , Tinghög Gustav 
Published: August 2022

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world witnessed a partisan segregation of beliefs toward the global health crisis and its management. Politically motivated reasoning, the tendency to interpret information in accordance with individual motives to protect valued beliefs rather than objectively considering the facts, could represent a key process involved in the polarization of attitudes. The objective of this study was to explore politically motivated reasoning when participants assess information regarding COVID-19. Design We carried out a preregistered online experiment using a diverse sample ( N = 1,500) from the United States. Both Republicans and Democrats assessed the same COVID-19–related information about the health effects of lockdowns, social distancing, vaccination, hydroxychloroquine, and wearing face masks. Results At odds with our prestated hypothesis, we found no evidence in line with politically motivated reasoning when interpreting numerical information about COVID-19. Moreover, we found no evidence supporting the idea that numeric ability or cognitive sophistication bolster politically motivated reasoning in the case of COVID-19. Instead, our findings suggest that participants base their assessment on prior beliefs of the matter. Conclusions Our findings suggest that politically polarized attitudes toward COVID-19 are more likely to be driven by lack of reasoning than politically motivated reasoning—a finding that opens potential avenues for combating political polarization about important health care topics. Highlights Participants assessed numerical information regarding the effect of different COVID-19 policies. We found no evidence in line with politically motivated reasoning when interpreting numerical information about COVID-19. Participants tend to base their assessment of COVID-19–related facts on prior beliefs of the matter. Politically polarized attitudes toward COVID-19 are more a result of lack of thinking than partisanship.
Healthcare Professional and Patient Perceptions of Changes in Colorectal Cancer Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Health Inequalities
Authors: Ip Athena , Black Georgia , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Taylor Claire , Otter Sophie , Hewish Madeleine , Bhuiya Afsana , Callin Julie , Wong Angela , Machesney Michael , Green James , Oliphant Raymond , Fulop Naomi J. , Taylor Cath , Whitaker Katriina L. 
Published: August 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people were diagnosed and treated for cancer. We explored healthcare professional and patient perceptions of the main changes to colorectal cancer delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they impacted on socioeconomic inequalities in care. Methods In 2020, using a qualitative approach, we interviewed patients (n = 15) who accessed primary care with colorectal cancer symptoms and were referred for further investigations. In 2021, we interviewed a wide range of healthcare professionals (n = 30) across the cancer care pathway and gathered national and local documents/guidelines regarding changes in colorectal cancer care. Results Changes with the potential to exacerbate inequalities in care, included: the move to remote consultations; changes in symptomatic triage, new COVID testing procedures/ways to access healthcare, changes in visitor policies and treatment (e.g., shorter course radiotherapy). Changes that improved patient access/convenience or the diagnostic process have the potential to reduce inequalities in care. Discussion Changes in healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic have the ongoing potential to exacerbate existing health inequalities due to changes in how patients are triaged, changes to diagnostic and disease management processes, reduced social support available to patients and potential over-reliance on digital first approaches. We provide several recommendations to help mitigate these harms, whilst harnessing the gains.
An Objective Computational Method to Quantify Ankle Osteoarthritis From Low-Dose Weightbearing Computed Tomography
Authors: Tazegul Tutku E. , Anderson Donald D. , Barbachan Mansur Nacime S. , Kajimura Chinelati Rogerio Marcio , Iehl Caleb , VandeLune Christian , Ahrenholz Samuel , Lalevee Matthieu , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: August 2022

Background: The treatment of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) varies depending on the severity and distribution of the associated joint degeneration. Disease staging is typically based on subjective grading of appearance on conventional plain radiographs, with reported subpar reproducibility and reliability. The purpose of this study was to develop and describe computational methods to objectively quantify radiographic changes associated with ankle OA apparent on low-dose weightbearing CT (WBCT). Methods: Two patients with ankle OA and 1 healthy control who had all undergone WBCT of the foot and ankle were analyzed. The severity of OA in the ankle of each patient was scored using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification using plain radiographs. For each ankle, a volume of interest (VOI) was centered on the tibiotalar joint. Initial computation analysis used WBCT image intensity (Hounsfield units [HU]) profiles along lines perpendicular to the subchondral bone/cartilage interface of the distal tibia extending across the entire VOI. Graphical plots of the HU distributions were generated and recorded for each line. These plots were then used to calculate the joint space width (JSW) and HU contrast. Results: The average JSW was 3.89 mm for the control ankle, 3.06 mm for mild arthritis (KL 2), and 1.57 mm for severe arthritis (KL 4). The average HU contrast was 72.31 for control, 62.69 for mild arthritis, and 33.98 for severe arthritis. The use of 4 projections at different locations throughout the joint allowed us to visualize specifically which quadrants have reduced joint space width and contrast. Conclusion: In this technique report, we describe a novel methodology for objective quantitative assessment of OA using JSW and HU contrast. Clinical Relevance: Objective, software-based measurements are generally more reliable than subjective qualitative evaluations. This method may offer a starting point for the development of a more robust OA classification system or deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and response to ankle OA treatment.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of active ingredients related β-Glucosidases in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Wang Zhicai , Zhao Meili , Zhang Xiaojie , Deng Xuming , Li Jian , Wang Meina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDendrobium catenatum/D. officinale(here afterD. catenatum), a well-known economically important traditional medicinal herb, produces a variety of bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids with excellent pharmacological and clinical values. Although many genes associated with the biosynthesis of medicinal components have been cloned and characterized, the biosynthetic pathway, especially the downstream and regulatory pathway of major medicinal components in the herb, is far from clear. β-glucosidases (BGLUs) comprise a diverse group of enzymes that widely exist in plants and play essential functions in cell wall modification, defense response, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, herbivore resistance, and scent release by hydrolyzing β-D-glycosidic bond from a carbohydrate moiety. The recent release of the chromosome-level reference genome ofD. catenatumenables the characterization of gene families. Although the genome-wide analysis of theBGLUgene family has been successfully conducted in various plants, no systematic analysis is available for theD. catenatum. We previously isolatedDcBGLU2in theBGLUfamily as a key regulator for polysaccharide biosynthesis inD. catenatum. Yet, the exact number ofDcBGLUs in theD. catenatumgenome and their possible roles in bioactive compound production deserve more attention.ResultsTo investigate the role ofBGLUs in active metabolites production, 22BGLUs (DcBGLU1-22) of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) were identified fromD. catenatumgenome. Protein prediction showed that most of the DcBGLUs were acidic and phylogenetic analysis classified the family into four distinct clusters. The sequence alignments revealed several conserved motifs among the DcBGLU proteins and analyses of the putative signal peptides and N-glycosylation site revealed that the majority of DcBGLU members dually targeted to the vacuole and/or chloroplast. Organ-specific expression profiles and specific responses to MeJA andMF23were also determined. Furthermore, fourDcBGLUs were selected to test their involvement in metabolism regulation. Overexpression ofDcBGLU2,6,8, and13significantly increased contents of flavonoid, reducing-polysaccharide, alkaloid and soluble-polysaccharide, respectively.ConclusionThe genome-wide systematic analysis identified candidateDcBGLUgenes with possible roles in medicinal metabolites production and laid a theoretical foundation for further functional characterization and molecular breeding ofD. catenatum.
Cytochemical and comparative transcriptome analyses elucidate the formation and ecological adaptation of three types of pollen coat in Zingiberaceae
Authors: Lu Guo-Hui , Xu Jia-Ling , Zhong Man-Xiang , Li Dong-Li , Chen Min , Li Ke-Ting , Wang Ying-Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The pollen ornate surface of flowering plants has long fascinated and puzzled evolutionary biologists for their variety. Each pollen grain is contained within a pollen wall consisting of intine and exine, over which the lipoid pollen coat lies. The cytology and molecular biology of the development of the intine and exine components of the pollen wall are relatively well characterised. However, little is known about the pollen coat, which confers species specificity. We demonstrate three types of pollen coat in Zingiberaceae, a mucilage-like pollen coat and a gum-like pollen coat, along with a pollen coat more typical of angiosperms. The morphological differences between the three types of pollen coat and the related molecular mechanisms of their formation were studied using an integrative approach of cytology, RNA-seq and positive selection analysis.

Results
Contrary to the ‘typical’ pollen coat, in ginger species with a mucilage-like (Caulokaempferia coenobialis, Cco) or gum-like (Hornstedtia hainanensis, Hhn) pollen coat, anther locular fluid was still present at the bicellular pollen (BCP) stage of development. Nevertheless, there were marked differences between these species: there were much lower levels of anther locular fluid in Hhn at the BCP stage and it contained less polysaccharide, but more lipid, than the locular fluid of Cco. The set of specific highly-expressed (SHE) genes in Cco was enriched in the ‘polysaccharide metabolic process’ annotation term, while ‘fatty acid degradation’ and ‘metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides’ were significantly enriched in SHE-Hhn.

Conclusions
Our cytological and comparative transcriptome analysis showed that different types of pollen coat depend on the residual amount and composition of anther locular fluid at the BCP stage. The genes involved in ‘polysaccharide metabolism’ and ‘transport’ in the development of a mucilage-like pollen coat and in ‘lipid metabolism’ and ‘transport’ in the development of a gum-like pollen coat probably evolved under positive selection in both cases. We suggest that the shift from a typical pollen coat to a gum-like or mucilage-like pollen coat in flowering plants is an adaptation to habitats with high humidity and scarcity of pollinators.
The association between frailty and mortality among lower limb arthroplasty patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bai Yunfeng , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Sun Xiangyu , Li Jiaming , Cao Jing , Wu Xinjuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Some studies associate frailty and postoperative mortality in hip or knee replacement patients, and others have explored the relationship between the frailty index and changes in postoperative mortality in hip or knee replacement patients, but their findings are not consistent. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to pool the results of existing studies to explore whether frailty is an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality in patients with lower limb arthroplasty (including hip or knee arthroplasty).

Methods
On December 15, 2021, we searched the relevant articles from the PubMed, Embase, Medline (via Ovid), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan Fang Med Online databases. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess the quality of the articles that met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. R Studio was used to analyze the effect sizes (based on the random model integration) on the extracted data. Meanwhile, potential publication bias and sensibility analysis were performed.

Results
We included seven studies, which included a total of 460,594 patients, for quantitative analysis. Overall, frailty increased the risk of mortality in lower limb arthroplasty patients compared to those without frailty, as measured by a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 2.46 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81–3.33). Additionally, subgroup analysis based on population revealed that the pooled RRs for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients in three studies and total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients in four studies were 2.61 (95% CI: 2.26–3.02) and 3.18 (95% CI: 1.92–5.28), respectively, for TKA patients in three studies and THA patients in four studies. Additionally, these statistically significant positive associations persisted in subgroup analyses by study design, geographic region, and follow-up period.

Conclusion
Frailty is an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality in patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty, according to our findings. This suggests that frailty may be a predictor of preoperative risk stratification for patients with such elective surgery and could alert doctors and nurses of early screening and medical care interventions in patients with such a need for surgery to reduce postoperative mortality in lower limb arthroplasty patients.
Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections: trends among patients screened for sexually transmitted infections in rwandan health facilities 2014–2020
Authors: Makuza Jean Damascene , Soe Phyumar , Jeong Dahn , Nisingizwe Marie Paul , Dushimiyimana Donatha , Umutesi Justine , Nshimiyimana Ladislas , Maliza Clarisse , Serumondo Janvier , Remera Eric , Rwibasira Gallican Nshogoza , Tuyishime Albert , Riedel David J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are of great global health concern. Currently, there are limited epidemiological data characterizing STIs in the general population in Rwanda. We assessed the national and regional epidemiology of STIs in Rwanda from 2014–2020 among patients syndromically screened for STIs in all health facilities in Rwanda.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the trend of STIs epidemiology among screened patients at all health facilities in Rwanda using data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) reporting. Adult patients (15 years and over) screened for STIs between July 2014 and June 2020 were included in the analysis. Outcomes of interest were the number of individuals screened for STIs and individuals diagnosed with at least one STI with a syndromic approach only or plus a test together.ResultsOverall, the number of individuals screened for STIs over the study period was 5.3 million (M) in 2014–2015, 6.6 M in 2015–2016, 6.3 M in 2016–2017, 6.7 M in 2017–2018, 6.2 M in 2018–2019, and 4.9 M in 2019–2020. There was a modest increase in the number of individuals diagnosed and treated for STIs from 139,357 in 2014–15 to 202,294 (45% increase) in 2019–2020. At the national level, the prevalence of STI syndromes amongst individuals screened at health facilities in Rwanda varied between 2.37% to 4.16% during the study period. Among the provinces, Kigali city had the highest prevalence for the whole 6 years ranging from 3.46% (95%CI: 3.41, 3.51) in 2014–2015 to 8.23% (95%CI: 8.15, 8.31) in 2019–2020.ConclusionFrom 2014 to 2020, the number of patients screened for STI syndromes in Rwanda varied between 4.9 M and 6.7 M. However, the prevalence of STIs among screened patients increased considerably over time, which could be associated with public awareness and improved data recording. The highest prevalence of all STIs was observed in urban areas and near borders, and private clinics reported more cases, suggesting the need to improve awareness in these settings and increase confidentiality and trust in public health clinics.
Determinants of health facility delivery among young mothers in Ghana; insights from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Alangea Deda Ogum , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Modey Emefa Judith , Manu Adom , Alor Stanley Kofi , Torpey Kwasi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, young women deliver at home, often under unhygienic conditions and without skilled birth attendants. This study identified the determinants of health facility delivery among young mothers in Ghana.

Methods
We analysed secondary data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, which collected data across the former ten administrative regions of Ghana. This study analysed data from the ‘women file’ by adjusting for the sample weight. STATA/SE version 16 was employed to analyse the data by computing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Binary Logistic Regression.

Results
Seven in ten young mothers gave birth in a health facility. Young mothers who had secondary school education were over three-fold more likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.33–9.23) compared with young mothers with no formal education. Young mothers who resided in rural areas had lower odds (73%) of delivering in a health facility (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14–0.514) compared with those in urban areas. Young mothers within the richest wealth quintile also had higher odds (8 times) of delivering in a health facility (AOR = 8.24; 95% CI: 0.95–71.77) compared with those within the poorest wealth quintile. Young mothers who obtained four to seven antenatal visits (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27–1.03) had lower odds of delivering in a health facility compared with those who obtained eight or more antenatal visits.

Conclusion
The majority of young mothers in Ghana gave birth in a health facility. The likelihood of delivering in a health facility was influenced by socio-demographic factors, economic factors and utilization of antenatal care services. Therefore, interventions aimed at increasing utilization of skilled delivery among young women should focus on promoting girl child education, economic status and antenatal care visits.
The change rate in serum nitric oxide may affect lenvatinib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kawamura Atsushi , Uojima Haruki , Chuma Makoto , Shao Xue , Hidaka Hisashi , Nakazawa Takahide , Take Akira , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Numata Kazushi , Kako Makoto , Nozaki Akito , Azuma Shintaro , Horio Kazue , Kusano Chika , Atsuda Koichiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lenvatinib is appropriate for reducing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and facilitating as block angiogenesis. However, to our knowledge, there are no data that support the correlation between NO and clinical response in patients who received lenvatinib therapy for HCC. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the change rate of NO levels and clinical responses including adverse events (AEs) after lenvatinib therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
This study was conducted using previously collected data from another study. We enrolled 70 patients who received lenvatinib for advanced or unresectable HCC. NO was measured by converting nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−) with nitrate reductase, followed by quantitation of NO2− based on Griess reagent. To determine whether lenvatinib influences NO in unresectable HCC, we evaluated the influence of the change rate of NO from baseline after administration of lenvatinib on maximal therapeutic response and SAE.

Results
After lenvatinib administration, a change rate in the NO from 0.27 to 4.16 was observed. There was no difference between the clinical response to lenvatinib and the change rate of NO (p = 0.632). However, the change rate of NO was significantly lower in patients with AEs than in those without AEs (p = 0.030). When a reduction in NO rate of < 0.8 was defined as a clinically significant reduction of NO (CSRN), the CSRN group had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the non-CSRN group (p = 0.029 and p = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion
Decreased NO levels were associated with the occurrence of AEs and worse prognosis after lenvatinib administration. Change rate in serum NO can be used as predictive markers in patients receiving lenvatinib therapy for HCC.