bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Regional Brain Volumetry in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cao Zhiyu , Mai Yingren , Fang Wenli , Lei Ming , Luo Yishan , Zhao Lei , Liao Wang , Yu Qun , Xu Jiaxin , Ruan Yuting , Xiao Songhua , Mok Vincent C. T. , Shi Lin , Liu Jun ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and regional brain lobe atrophy coexist in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the association between them in patients with AD still lacks comprehensive investigation and solid imaging data support.ObjectiveWe explored whether WMHs can promote the pathological process of AD by aggravating atrophy in specific brain regions and tried to explain the regional specificity of these relationships.MethodsA sample of 240 adults including 180 normal controls (NCs) and 80 cases with AD were drawn from the ADNI database. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated MRI of the participants were downloaded and were analyzed using AccuBrain® to generate the quantitative ratio of WMHs (WMHr, WMH volumes corrected by intracranial volume) and regional brain atrophy. We also divided WMHr into periventricular WMHr (PVWMHr) and deep WMHr (DWMHr) for the purpose of this study. The Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) scores were conducted by two evaluators. Independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or χ2 test were used to compare the demographic characteristics, and Spearman correlation coefficient values were used to determine the association between WMHs and different regions of brain atrophy.ResultsPositive association between WMHr and quantitative medial temporal lobe atrophy (QMTA) (rs = 0.281, p = 0.011), temporal lobe atrophy (rs = 0.285, p = 0.011), and insular atrophy (rs = 0.406, p &lt; 0.001) was found in the AD group before Bonferroni correction. PVWMHr contributed to these correlations. By separately analyzing the relationship between PVWMHr and brain atrophy, we found that there were still positive correlations after correction in QMTA (rs = 0.325, p = 0.003), temporal lobe atrophy (rs = 0.298, p = 0.007), and insular atrophy (rs = 0.429, p &lt; 0.001) in AD group.ConclusionWMH severity tends to be associated with regional brain atrophy in patients with AD, especially with medial temporal lobe, temporal lobe, and insular lobe atrophy. PVWMHs were devoted to these correlations.
State Changes During Resting-State (Magneto)encephalographic Studies: The Effect of Drowsiness on Spectral, Connectivity, and Network Analyses
Authors: Strijbis Eva M. M. , Timar Yannick S. S. , Schoonhoven Deborah N. , Nauta Ilse M. , Kulik Shanna D. , de Ruiter Lodewijk R. J. , Schoonheim Menno M. , Hillebrand Arjan , Stam Cornelis J. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundA common problem in resting-state neuroimaging studies is that subjects become drowsy or fall asleep. Although this could drastically affect neurophysiological measurements, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), its specific impact remains understudied. We aimed to systematically investigate how often drowsiness is present during resting-state MEG recordings, and how the state changes alter quantitative estimates of oscillatory activity, functional connectivity, and network topology.MethodsAbout 8-min MEG recordings of 19 healthy subjects, split into ~13-s epochs, were scored for the presence of eyes-open (EO), alert eyes-closed (A-EC), or drowsy eyes-closed (D-EC) states. After projection to source-space, results of spectral, functional connectivity, and network analyses in 6 canonical frequency bands were compared between these states on a global and regional levels. Functional connectivity was analyzed using the phase lag index (PLI) and corrected amplitude envelope correlation (AECc), and network topology was analyzed using the minimum spanning tree (MST).ResultsDrowsiness was present in &gt;55% of all epochs that did not fulfill the AASM criteria for sleep. There were clear differences in spectral results between the states (A-EC vs. D-EC) and conditions (EO vs. A-EC). The influence of state and condition was far less pronounced for connectivity analyses, with only minimal differences between D-EC and EO in the AECc in the delta band. There were no effects of drowsiness on any of the MST measures.ConclusionsDrowsiness during eyes-closed resting-state MEG recordings is present in the majority of epochs, despite the instructions to stay awake. This has considerable influence on spectral properties, but much less so on functional connectivity and network topology. These findings are important for interpreting the results of EEG/MEG studies using spectral analyses in neurological disease, where recordings should be evaluated for the presence of drowsiness. For connectivity analyses or studies on network topology, this seems of far less importance.
Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Genes Identified by Linking Spatial Patterns of Pathology and Gene Expression
Authors: Mullins Roger , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with a poorly understood etiology, shown to be partly genetic. Glucose hypometabolism, extracellular Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, and intracellular Tau deposition are cardinal features of AD and display characteristic spatial patterns in the brain. We hypothesize that regional differences in underlying gene expression confer either resistance or susceptibility to AD pathogenic processes and are associated with these spatial patterns. Data-driven methods for the identification of genes involved in AD pathogenesis complement hypothesis-driven approaches that reflect current theories about the disease. Here we present a data driven method for the identification of genes involved in AD pathogenesis based on comparing spatial patterns of normal gene expression to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images of glucose hypometabolism, Aβ deposition, and Tau deposition.MethodsWe performed correlations between the cerebral cortex microarray samples from the six cognitively normal (CN) post-mortem Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) specimens and PET FDG-18, AV-45, and AV-1451 tracer images from AD and CN participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease and Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Correlation coefficients for each gene by each ADNI subject were then entered into a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to determine sets that best classified the AD and CN groups. Pathway analysisviaBioPlanet 2019 was then used to infer the function of implicated genes.ResultsWe identified distinct sets of genes strongly associated with each PET modality. Pathway analyses implicated novel genes involved in mitochondrial function, and Notch signaling, as well as genes previously associated with AD.ConclusionUsing an unbiased approach, we derived sets of genes with expression patterns spatially associated with FDG hypometabolism, Aβ deposition, and Tau deposition in AD. This methodology may complement population-based approaches for identifying the genetic underpinnings of AD.
Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed on the Kidney of Monosodium Glutamate Challenged Rats
Authors: Abd-Elkareem Mahmoud , Soliman Mahmoud , Abd El-Rahman Mokhless A. M. , Abou Khalil Nasser S. 
Published: June 2022

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption is responsible for a wide spectrum of health hazards including nephrotoxicity. The search for phytochemical strategies having broad safety profile to counter MSG toxicity is worthwhile.Nigella sativaL. seed (NSS) is very promising in this regard owing to its antioxidant and cytoprotective nature. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the potential protective effect of NSS on MSG-induced renal toxicity in rats. To accomplish this objective, fifteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups for 21 days: the control group received no treatment, MSG group supplemented with MSG at a dose of 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group supplemented with MSG at the same previous dose in conjugation with NSS at a dose of 30 g/kg feed. MSG and its combination with NSS failed to cause any significant difference in the kidney function parameters in comparison with the control. A significant elevation in lipid peroxides (LPO) level, glutathione-S-transferase activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity were found in MSG group. LPO level and TAC in MSG intoxicated rats significantly normalized by NSS ingestion. NO level showed absence of significant difference among all experimental groups. MSG elicited histopathological lesions such as decreased glycoprotein content and fibrosis however, NSS succeeded in enhancing all these features. MSG group showed positive glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase 2 immuno-expression whereas, MSG + NSS group showed weak immunostaining. A significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in MSG group compared to the control. On the other hand, MSG + NSS group exhibited a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells. NSS mitigated MSG-induced renal impairments by ameliorating oxidative stress and exerting anti-apoptotic effect.
UPLC-MS/MS Technology for the Quantitative Methodology and Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Voxtalisib in Rat Plasma
Authors: Li Qingqing , Liu Ya-nan , Wang Jing , Hu Yingying , Hu Jinyu , Xu Ren-ai , Shao Liu , Chen Lianguo 
Published: June 2022

Voxtalisib, is a specific, effective, and reversible dual inhibitor, which inhibits both pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). To date, voxtalisib has been studied in trials for melanoma, lymphoma, glioblastoma, breast cancer, and other cancers. In this study, a highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technology was applied to the quantitative methodology and pharmacokinetic analysis of voxtalisib in rat plasma. After protein precipitation of the analyte by acetonitrile, the chromatographic separation was performed by gradient elution on an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% formic acid (solvent B) as the mobile phase. In the positive ion mode, the mass transfer detection of the analyte and IS was m/z 270.91 &gt; 242.98 and m/z 572.30 &gt; 246.10, respectively. In the concentration range of 1–2000 ng/ml, a good linear relationship of voxtalisib was successfully established by the UPLC-MS/MS technology, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the analyte was identified as 1 ng/ml. Intra-day and inter-day precisions for voxtalisib were 7.5–18.7% and 13.0–16.6%, respectively, and the accuracies were in the ranges of −14.0–2.0% and −7.2–3.1%, respectively. The matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover and stability of the analyte were all in compliance with the acceptance criteria of bioassays recommended by FDA. Finally, the pharmacokinetic profile of the analyte had been availably studied by the UPLC-MS/MS bio-analytical method after rats were treated by intragastric administration with voxtalisib (5 mg/kg). The results indicated that the UPLC-MS/MS technology can effectively and quickly quantify the analyte, and this method can also be used for the pharmacokinetic study of voxtalisib, which can provide reference for the optimization of clinical drug management in the later period.
The Influence of Environmental Conditions on Pacing in Age Group Marathoners Competing in the “New York City Marathon”
Authors: Weiss Katja , Valero David , Villiger Elias , Scheer Volker , Thuany Mabliny , Cuk Ivan , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: June 2022

Background:The two aspects of the influence of environmental conditions on marathon running performance and pacing during a marathon have been separately and widely investigated. The influence of environmental conditions on the pacing of age group marathoners has, however, not been considered yet.Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, and cloud cover), gender and pacing of age group marathoners in the “New York City Marathon”.Methodology:Between 1999 and 2019, a total of 830,255 finishes (526,500 males and 303,755 females) were recorded. Time-adjusted averages of weather conditions for temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, and sunshine duration during the race were correlated with running speed in 5 km-intervals for age group runners in 10 years-intervals.Results:The running speed decreased with increasing temperatures in athletes of age groups 20–59 with a pronounced negative effect for men aged 30–64 years and women aged 40–64 years. Higher levels of humidity were associated with faster running speeds for both sexes. Sunshine duration and barometric pressure showed no association with running speed.Conclusion:In summary, temperature and humidity affect pacing in age group marathoners differently. Specifically, increasing temperature slowed down runners of both sexes aged between 20 and 59 years, whereas increasing humidity slowed down runners of &lt;20 and &gt;80 years old.
Prevalence and Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients in Fars Province, Southern Iran
Authors: Teimouri Aref , Nassrullah Othman Jamal , Hedayati Pouya , Bahreini Mohammad Saleh , Alimi Rasoul , Mohtasebi Sina , Salemi Amir Masoud , Asgari Qasem 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPsychiatric patients are at increased risk of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection, which may be linked to their living facilities and behaviors. Limited knowledge on the prevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors in psychiatric patients are available to the international medical communities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess seroprevalence of T. gondii and its associated risk factors in psychiatric inpatients in Fars Province, southern Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on psychiatric patients hospitalized in Ibn Sina Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars Province, southern Iran, March to July 2021. Blood samples were collected from 318 psychiatric patients and assessed for the detection of IgG against T. gondii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, structured questionnaires were completed for the participants at the time of sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible associations between the latent toxoplasmosis and the variables.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in psychiatric inpatients was 22.3% (71/318; 95% CI = 17.9–27.3). Multivariate analyses revealed that age &gt; 30 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.10–4.60, p = 0.03], contact with cats (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.14–5.58, p = 0.03), raw vegetable consumption (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.74–7.65, p = 0.001), raw/undercooked meat consumption (AOR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.47–12.63, p = 0.008), suicide attempt (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.58–8.97, p = 0.003) and cigarette smoking history (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.83, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection.ConclusionThe current results demonstrated that contact with cats, raw vegetable consumption and raw/undercooked meat consumption were independent risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity. Moreover, the current study showed significant associations between seropositivity of T. gondii and suicide attempts as well as negative associations between seropositivity of T. gondii and cigarette smoking in psychiatric inpatients using multivariate logistic regression.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Metallo β-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Pathogens Causing Eye Infections
Authors: Rameshkumar Gunasekaran , Dhandapani Ranjithkumar , Lalitha Prajna , Rajapandian Siva Ganesa Karthikeyan , Palanivel Velmurugan , Thangavelu Sathiamoorthi , Alyousef Abdullah A. , Albalawi Thamer , Alam Pravej , Zubair Mohammad , Saleh Fayez M. , Alatawi Fuad Abdullah , Husain Fohad M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:Metallo β-lactamases (MβL) production is a worldwide problem, particularly in gram-negative bacteria. As scanty data is available on the prevalence of MBL, the present study is being undertaken to determine the prevalence, antibacterial sensitivity patterns, and molecular characterization of MβL associated resistant genes in gram-negative bacteria isolated from ocular infections.Material and MethodsAt a tertiary eye care center in south India, 359 gram-negative pathogens, 200 isolates from eye infections, and 159 isolates from normal flora of the eye were studied. A gold standard microbiology method was used to identify the isolates. An antibiotic double disc synergy test and a combination disc test were used to detect MβL production. Multiplex PCR was used to investigate the molecular characteristics of the MβL encoding genes blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM.ResultsOf the 359 gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 108 (30.1%) and Enterobacter agglomerans 46 (12.8%) were commonly isolated. High prevalence of P. aeruginosa 81% (17 strains) was detected as an MβL producer and it shows 100% resistance to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins and meropenem. Multiplex PCR detected only the blaVIM gene in 56 (28%) of various eye infections and 27 (17%) of normal flora of the gram-negative bacteria (GNB). The blaVIM gene is detected predominantly in 51.8% of keratitis and 21.4% of postoperative endophthalmitis. High prevalence of the gene was detected in P. aeruginosa 42.9% (24 of 56) and Alcaligens denitrificans 10.7% (6 of 56) from eye infections. Whereas, in the control group, P. aeruginosa and E. coli each had 14.8% (4 of 27) that were shown positive.ConclusionThe emerging MβLs mediated resistance among P. aeruginosa is a challenging task for ophthalmologists, especially in patients with endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis. This local knowledge will aid in advising appropriate antibiotic use and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, which are highly warranted.
Understanding the Experiences of Black Women Medical Students and Residents: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sharp Sacha , Hixson Ashley , Stumpff Julia , Williamson Francesca 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFew research studies examine medical students and residents with intersectional identities. In the emerging literature, data on Black women's experiences may be misrepresented and misinterpreted as studies aggregate data for women, students of color, and Black/African American men. As such, these studies do not account for the nuanced experiences of gendered racism that Black women students and residents may encounter during their medical education.MethodsUsing Crenshaw's intersectionality as an analytical tool, we conducted a narrative review to highlight how Black women medical students and residents are rendered invisible in the current literature on medical education.ResultsThe results generated 13 citations specifically discussing Black women medical students and residents, with only six studies being empirical research.ConclusionWe conclude that 13 articles is inadequate for understanding the experiences of these populations. Without centering Black women or using an intersectional lens, researchers could invalidate the lived experiences of this population and create barriers to the political resources Black women learners need to be successful. Moreover, the lack of intention behind addressing the needs of Black women can be viewed as complicity in the oppressive structures that serve to subjugate them.
Global Research Status and Trends of Femoral Neck Fracture Over the Past 27 Years: A Historical Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Peng Peng , Xiao Fangjun , He Xiaoming , Fang Weihua , Huang Jiewen , Wang Bin , Luo Yiwen , Zhang Qinwen , Zhang Ying , He Wei , Wei Qiushi , He Mincong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFemoral neck fracture (FNF) is a commonly encountered injury in orthopedic practice, and many studies have been conducted in this field. However, no bibliometric studies regarding the global research trend concerning FNF have been performed. This study aims to analyze the knowledge framework, research hotspots, and theme trends in the field of FNF research.MethodsThe scientific outputs related to FNF from 1994 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Three bibliometric tools were used for this study. The main analyses include publication and citation counts, contributions of countries, institutions, authors, funding agencies and journals, and clustering of keywords.ResultsIn total, 3,553 articles were identified. The annual publication counts of FNF showed an ascending tendency as a whole. The United States has the most prominent contributions, with the most number of publications and the highest H-index. Karolinska Institutet devoted the most in this domain. Professors Bhandari M, Schemitsch EH, Frihagen F, Parker MJ, and Rogmark C were the core authors in this field. The most productive journal was Injury International Journal of the Care of the Injured. Keywords were divided into four clusters: epidemiology and mortality, fracture prevention, internal-fixation and risk factors, and hip replacement. A trend of balanced and diversified development existed in these clusters. Keywords with the ongoing bursts, including “outcome,” “reoperation,” “complication,” “revision,” “displaced intracapsular,” “fracture,” and “adult,” are considered as the research hotspots in the future and deserve more attention.ConclusionsThe management of FNF in young patients is drawing more attention from orthopedic surgeons, and it is expected that these research topics may continue to be the research hotspots and focus in the near future.