bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Adjuvant Treatment for Fracture Nonunion/Delayed Union: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Xiangmin , Liang Wangbo , Chen Guo , Ma Yanbo , Zhou Yonghua , Fen Rong , Jiang Kaichang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundFracture nonunion/delayed union seriously affects physical and mental health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of different adjuvant treatments for nonunion/delayed union by network meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating adjuvant treatment in the management of nonunion/delayed union. A network meta-analysis reporting on healing rate, healing time, and adverse effect (AE) outcomes was conducted to assess and compare different interventions.ResultsThirty studies were included in analysis. For healing rate outcome, bone marrow aspirate (BMA) + autologous cancellous bone (ACB) was found to be significantly better than ACB alone (Odds ratio: 0.12; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.59). In the ranking results, BMA+ platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (96%), BMA+ACB (90%), and BMA alone (82%) showed relative advantages in healing rate. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography (LIUS) intervention significantly shortened the healing time compared with ACB (Standardized mean difference: -8.93; 95% confidence interval: -14.37, -3.48). LIUS (99%), BMA+PRP (74%), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (69%) have relative advantages.ConclusionsAmong the current intervention strategies, BMA and combination with PRP and ACB can improve the healing rate of nonunion/delayed union. LIUS can significantly shorten the healing time. However, large-scale, well-designed studies are still needed to confirm the results.Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Highly spatially resolved chemical metrology on latent resist images
Authors: Es Maarten van , Tamer Mehmet , Bloem Robbert , Fillinger Laurent , Zeijl Elfi van , Maturová Klára , Donck Jacques van der , Willekers Rob , Maas Diederik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Patterning photoresist with extreme control over dose and placement is the first crucial step in semiconductor manufacturing. However, how can the activation of modern complex resist components be accurately measured at sufficient spatial resolution? No exposed nanometre-scale resist pattern is sufficiently sturdy to unaltered withstand inspection by intense photon or electron beams, not even after processing and development. This paper presents experimental proof that infrared atomic force microscopy (IR-AFM) is sufficiently sensitive and gentle to chemically record vulnerable yet valuable lithographic patterns in a chemically amplified resist after exposure prior to development. Accordingly, IR-AFM metrology provides long-sought insights into changes in the chemical and spatial distribution per component in a latent resist image, both directly after exposure and during processing. With these to-be-gained understandings, a disruptive acceleration of resist design and processing is expected.
Evaluating Potential of Traditional and Newer Periphytic Diatom Metrices for Deciphering The Impact of Organic Pollution on Residing Aquatic Biofilms
Authors: Pandey Lalit Kumar , Gupta Harshita , Bergey Elizabeth A. , Shameem Aafiya , Maurya Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Virendra , Chaubey Jyoti , Negi Sudeeksha , Gupta Divyanshi , Gupta Mahima , Kumar Abhisekh , Singh Shivangi , Sangeeta Sangeeta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study examined impacts of organic contamination on periphytic biofilms at different sites near rivers using various traditional and newer diatom-based metrics, which is rarely tested under organic contamination. All examined sites were dominated by diatoms rather than green algae, which often dominate nutrient-rich sites. Biodiversity indices were higher at riverine and mass bathing sites than the kitchen waste site. Newer diatom metrics showed more promising results in terms identifying possible differences among sites. The three examined waste sites showed the dominance of motile forms, high percentages of unhealthy cells and enlarged lipid bodies in the community, indicating the contamination of nutrients and organic matter. A remarkable higher percentage of tube-dwelling forms at kitchen waste sites likely indicates the presence of organic contamination in the water. The percentage of deformed diatom frustules was low at all sites, indicating that organic contamination did not affect the morphology of diatom cells, but the occurrence of both cell shape and striae deformations at the RWS site might indicate slight metal contamination. Finally, we conclude that the combination of both traditional and newer diatom metrics in biomonitoring improves our understanding on the effects organic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
Community Health Workers Increase the Rate of HIV Disclosure Among HIV Affected Heterosexual Partners in Rural Uganda; A Cluster Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lukyamuzi Zubair , Ssuna Bashir , Mirembe Ruth Nabisere , Nakalega Rita , Atuhaire Patience , Musoke Philippa , Butler Lisa M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: HIV disclosure is a critical component of HIV prevention and treatment programs. Community Health Workers (CHW) play an important role in HIV disclosure counseling among HIV-affected heterosexual partners. However, time to disclosure attributed to the use of CHW in the disclosure process remains undocumented. This study assessed the effect of CHW-facilitated counseling on time to partner disclosure among Adults living with HIV (ALHIV) in the greater Luwero region, Uganda Methods: We conducted a two-arm cluster, non-randomized controlled trial. HIV care facilities in the greater Luwero region were allocated to either the intervention or control arm. Eligible participants were ALHIV in heterosexual partnerships who had never disclosed to their current partners. In the control arm, participants received routine regular facility-based counseling. In the intervention arm, alongside usual care, participants received CHW-facilitated disclosure counseling. Data were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months with the primary outcome of disclosure. Survival analysis with proportional hazard ratios was used to determine the time to disclosure in both arms. Results: A total of 245 participants were enrolled, of whom complete data were available for 230 (93.9%). Of these, 112 (48.7%) were in the intervention arm and 118 (51.3%) were in the control arm. Mean ± SD age was 31±8 years with a range of 18 to 55 years. More participants were females 176 (76.5%). The cumulative incidence of disclosure was higher in the intervention arm 8.76 [95% CI: 7.20-10.67] per 1,000 person-time versus 5.15 [95%CI: 4.85-6.48] per 1,000 person-time in the control arm, log-rank test, X 2 = 12.93, P<0.001. Male gender, aHR =1.82 [95% CI: 1.26-2.65], tertiary education, aHR = 1.51 [95% CI: 1.43-1.60] and relationship duration of >6 months, aHR = 1.19 [95% CI: 1.16-1.22] predicted disclosure. Prior disclosure to a relative, aHR = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.39-0.78] and having >1 sexual partner in the past 3 months, aHR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.60-0.92] predicted non-disclosure Conclusion: CHW-led counseling increased the rate of partner HIV disclosure among ALHIV in heterosexual partnerships. Therefore, CHW-facilitated counseling may be used to quicken disclosure, reduce stigma and improve HIV treatment outcomes among ALHIV with disclosure difficulties.
Knowledge on Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors Among Post Natal Mothers in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. A Cross– Sectional Study Design
Authors: Ayele Wudie Eneyew , Bantie Agegnehu , Wubie Azene Bantie , Murugan Rajalakshmi , Tesfaye Tewodros , Tesema Getaye Worku 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Neonatal danger signs are now a public health problem and contributing factors for neonatal death. Early detection of neonatal danger signs is an important step towards improving newborn survival. This study aimed to assess knowledge on neonatal danger signs and associated factors among post natal mothers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 postnatal mothers at public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 15th to May 15th, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants and semi-structure interviewer administer questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered by using Epi- data version 4.4.3.1 and analyzed by using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model with SPSS version 25.0. Then statistical significance was declared at P- value < 0.05. Finally, the data was presented by using text, figures and tables.Result: All mothers expected to participate in the study were interviewed. Overall, 33.1% of mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Factors like maternal education college and above (AOR=2.11, 95% Cl: 1.51-2.99), caesarean section mode of delivery (AOR=3.72, 95% Cl: 1.71-8.12), parity (AOR=5.34, 95% Cl: 1.64-2.64) , education during PNC follow up (AOR=2.77, 95% Cl: 1.49-5.15) and identification of skilled birth attendant (AOR= 2.25,95% Cl:1.13-4.40) were significantly associated with level of maternal knowledge. Similarly, information from health professionals (AOR=4.54, 95%Cl: 2.16-9.70) and access to television were also a statistical significant factor for maternal knowledge (AOR=2.15, 95% Cl: 1.11-4.15). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge on neonatal danger signs was poor. Therefore educational intervention during ante natal care, institution delivery and post natal care visit, advocating the use of media and increase maternal birth preparedness like identification of skilled birth attendant are highly recommended.
SGK1 Affects the Phosphorylation of FOXO1/FOXO3 Promoting Bovine Fat Deposition via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lei Zhaoxiong , Wei Dawei , Tang Lin , Wang Shuzhe , Pan Cuili , Ma Yanfen , Ma Yun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Improving the intramuscular fat content of beef not only could improve our living standard, but decrease the the risk of the disease from the aspect of human nutrition and diet. Serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a critical kinase involved in regulating multiple metabolic processes. Results: In the present study we reveal the molecular mechanism by which SGK1 affects the phosphorylation of FOXO1 and FOXO3 thus regulating bovine fat deposition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. SGK1 was characterized primarily in the bovine kidney, where it peaked at day 6 of preadipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of SGK1 in bovine preadipocytes promoted mRNA expression of adipose-specific genes, while cell cycle-related genes were repressed. Adipocyte differentiation-related proteins were not significantly changed, but proliferation-related proteins were markedly inhibited. Moreover, mRNA expression of adipose-specific genes were down-regulated while cell cycle-related genes were up-regulated in response to loss-of-function SGK1. The expression of adipose differentiation-related proteins were significantly inhibited but proliferation-related proteins were not significantly changed. Overexpression of SGK1 in bovine adipocytes significantly changed the gene expression enriched in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways through RNA-seq. Subsequently, we found that overexpression of SGK1 increased phosphorylation of FOXO1/FOXO3 and reduced protein expression, whereas SGK1 deletion had opposite effects. Overall, we show that overexpression of SGK1 promotes adipogenesis mainly via inhibiting preadipocyte proliferation, whereas the loss-of-function of SGK1 represses adipogenesis mainly through inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Mechanistically, SGK1 changes the phosphorylation of two key genes located downstream in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, FOXO1/FOXO3, thus promoting fat deposition in cattle. Conclusion: These data reveal that SGK1 is a positively regulatory during intramuscular adipogenesis of cattle, which expands the candidates regulating bovine adipogenesis and provides the security for human healthy from the aspect of high-quality beef.
Synthesis and processing technique to reduce the particle size of ZnO pellet by hybrid vibrational annealing and dry quenching set up
Authors: Kar Nirlipta Kar , Kamilla Sushanta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The reduction in particle size of ZnO pellet in the nanoscale range was achieved using a hybrid thermo-vibrational annealing and dry-quenching set-up, which was designed and fabricated in-house and is simple and low-cost to operate. Initially, ZnO pellets were synthesized through pyrophoric method and then annealed at 8000C in this processing device. To confine grain growth during the recrystallization stage of annealing, vibrational energy was applied during annealing and dry-quenching to cool. This step-by-step post-synthesis technique involves the simultaneous application of thermal and mechanical vibrational energy to the ZnO pellet for 4 hours, followed by vibrational-dry quenching. Both annealed pellets, i.e., ZnO annealed without vibration and ZnO annealed with vibration, were studied using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, FTIR, UV-Visible, and Raman spectroscopy to conduct a comparative investigation of various structural, microstructural, and optical properties. Although both ZnO pellets had polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structures without any secondary phases, the average crystallite sizes of ZnO pellets with vibration were smaller than those without vibration, which were 36.566nm and 25.308nm, respectively, according to the XRD data. Analysis using SEM and HRTEM yielded similar confirmatory results. FTIR and Raman examinations revealed the presence of various functional groups and vibrational modes, which were confirmed by experimental results. The greater optical bandgap of 3.36 eV seen in the UV-Visible spectra of the ZnO with vibration sample indicates that it is a promising material for the creation of enhanced electrical, optoelectronic, and sensor devices based on ZnO nanoparticles, among other applications.
Mixture Density Networks for the Indirect Estimation of Reference Intervals
Authors: Hepp Tobias , Zierk Jakob , Rauh Manfred , Metzler Markus , Seitz Sarem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Reference intervals represent the expected range of physiological test results in a healthy population and are essential to support medical decision making. Particularly in the context of pediatric reference intervals, where recruitment regulations make prospective studies challenging to conduct, indirect estimation strategies are becoming increasingly important. Established indirect methods enable robust identification of the distribution of ”healthy” samples from laboratory databases, which include unlabeled pathologic cases, but are currently severely limited when adjusting for essential patient characteristics such as age. Here, we propose the use of mixture density networks (MDN) to overcome this problem and model all parameters of the mixture distribution in a single step. Results: Estimated reference intervals from varying settings with simulated data demonstrate the ability to accurately estimate latent distributions from unlabeled data using different implementations of MDNs. Comparing the performance with alternative estimation approaches further highlights the importance of modeling the mixture component weights as a function of the input in order to avoid biased estimates for all other parameters and the resulting reference intervals. We also provide a strategy to generate partially customized starting weights to improve proper identification of the latent components. Finally, the application on real-world hemoglobin samples provides results in line with current gold standard approaches, but also suggests further investigations with respect to adequate regularization strategies in order to prevent overfitting the data. Conclusions: Mixture density networks provide a promising approach capable of extracting the distribution of healthy samples from unlabeled laboratory databases while simultaneously and explicitly estimating all parameters and component weights as non-linear functions of the covariate(s), thereby allowing the estimation of age-dependent reference intervals in a single step. Further studies on model regularization and asymmetric component distributions are warranted to consolidate our findings and expand the scope of applications.
Up-Regulation of Mir-105-5p Promotes The Development of Breast Cancer By Targeting AKT1 / GRB2 Genes In Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Forouzesh Flora , Abbasvandi Fereshteh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: miR-105-5p either acts as an oncomiR or tumor suppressor that has been shown to have various expression levels in a wide range of diseases and targets RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) and Growth Factor Receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) genes. GRB2 is a signaling protein that takes part in various signaling pathways. Due to the fact that miRNAs by acting on target genes, and regulates the expression of them, so the aim of this study is to evaluate the expressions of miR-105-5P, AKT1, and GRB2 genes and the correlation between them in breast cancer (BC) tissue compared to normal-adjacent tissues (NATs) in women with breast cancer.Materials and methods: We utilized bioinformatics analysis to searching for target genes of miR-105-5p. Then, 35 BC and NATs tissues were taken. In this experimental study, quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed to evaluate miR-105-5P, AKT1 and GRB2 genes expression, and the correlation between them was evaluated. The relation between expression and features of clinicopathological was explored.Results: The miR-105-5p expression was increased significantly in BC tissues in comparison to NATs (P 0.05). The expression levels of AKT1 and GRB2 genes were decreased significantly in BC tissue in comparison to NATs (P 0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between miR-105-5p, AKT1 and GRB2 expression which was not significant (P>0.05). Also, a direct correlation was observed between GRB2 and AKT1 gene expression (P 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that increased expression levels of miR-105-5p in patients with breast cancer caused a decrease in the expression level of its target genes, AKT1 and GRB2, and subsequently lead to tumor progression and invasion of the tumor. miR-105-5p may serve as a promising target for BC therapy.
Study on Mechanism of Tripterygium Wilfordii in Treatment of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Zhang Meng-Meng , Ni Jin-Yu , Li Bing , Li Guang , He Gai-Li , Li Peng-Fei , Zhai Sheng Wen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective. Predict the main active ingredients, potential targets, and critical pathways of Tripterygium wilfordii treatment in Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, and explore possible mechanisms by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods.The active ingredients and their corresponding targets of Tripterygium Wilfordii were screened based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Access to Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis targets by searching the GeneCards database, the online human Mendelian genetic database, and the DisGeNET database. The intersection targets of Tripterygium Wilfordii and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis were obtained by Venn software. Construction of dynamic ingredient-target networks and protein-protein interaction networks using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. PPI network analysis using the STRING database. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of intersecting genes using the R cluster Profiler. Select key targets and core active ingredients, and use AutoDock software for molecular docking.Result.Network pharmacology predictions show 42 active ingredients in Tripterygium Wilfordii for the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, with the core active ingredients being triptolide, kaempferol, Isoxanthohumol. The key targets are tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor A, etc. The biological processes in GO analysis are mainly concerned with response to lipopolysaccharide, response to molecule of bacterial origin, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation. The molecular function includes cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, receptor ligand activity, and signal receptor activator activity. The cell composition provides membrane rafts, membrane microdomain, external side of plasma membrane, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. KEGG analysis obtains relevant signaling pathways as a nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin 17 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that triptolide, kaempferol, and Isoxanthohumol had suitable binding activities with TGFB1, MMP9, and TNF.Conclusion.The mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii in the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis lies in applying active ingredients such as triptolide, kaempferol, and Isoxanthohumol, with TNF, CXCL8, MMP-9, and VEGFA as crucial targets, through NF-κB, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways inhibit the inflammatory response, thus play a role in the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis.
Assessment of health hazards and risk perceptions of market garden producers towards the effects of pesticides in Western Region Cameroon
Authors: Mbeh Bernard christian Kaldjob , Ngome Precillia Tata , Douya Emmanuel , Ngang Andre Nso , Lydie Bamou Tankoua , Simo Brice Hermann 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective and MethodsThe spraying of chemicals pesticides is a key factor for the improved quality and productivity of agricultural products. Nevertheless, the increased health issues among the agrarian population in Africa, and particularly in Cameroon, involves to lay an emphasis on how producers’ risk perception toward pesticides can contribute to mitigate their effects. The risk assessment of pesticides on the literature focuses mainly on the pesticide itself, but the studies on producers’ risk perception and the drivers of this perception on their behavior are insufficiently known. Therefore, this article assess the health risks and risk perceptions of 560 producers towards the effects of pesticides in 7 subdivisions of Western region Cameroon. A cross-sectional dataset was use during the period of July 2020 to May 2021 for our interviews and an ordered Logit model was use to perform our analyses.ResultsThe results showed 74.62% and 63.93% of producers attested that herbicides and insecticides are among the extremely hazardous products. Otherwise, excessive sweating (61.07%), general tiredness (61.96%), nausea and vomiting (54.46%) and headaches (53.04%), were among the main symptoms of health issues reported. In addition, some socioeconomic characteristics including health, age, education, training and awareness of producer were the main significant drivers of risk perception.Conclusion and recommendationsOur observations led to fundamental implications for policymakers, as the overuse of pesticides and their negative effects on the health of Farmers may be aggravated, if there is no support by the integration of social norms. Furthermore, more training program from agricultural extension services should place emphasis on imparting basic precautionary knowledge for limited producers.