bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of neuroactive steroids in sex differences in the developmental neurotoxicity of the anaesthetic
Authors: Li Ningning , Zhu Ruilou , Zeng Shuang , Fu Ningning , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid growth of the number of surgical cases in the world has brought opportunities and challenges to the development of anaesthesia. Modern anaesthesia technology provides safe and effective anaesthesia for hundreds of millions of surgical procedures each year, but there is a lot of concern about the complications (mainly cognitive dysfunction) that occur after anaesthesia exposure. Preclinical studies have demonstrated cognitive dysfunction and behavioural abnormalities that persist into adulthood after exposure to anaesthesia in rodents, revealing the potential neurotoxicity of anaesthetic drugs. In a further study, Sprague–Dawley rats treated with sevoflurane in the first week of life were then subjected to behavioural tests, and female rats were significantly more negatively affected in spatial learning than male rats, suggesting that there may be gender differences in neurotoxicity of the anaesthetic, but the specific mechanisms are unclear. According to the available data, the main hypothesis that can explain the sex difference in the effect of anaesthesia on the central nervous system development remains the difference in hormone levels between males and females. Therefore, this review briefly describes the role of neuroactive steroids in the mechanism of sex differences in neurotoxicity during the development of general anaesthetics.
Maintenance of community function through compensation breaks down over time in a desert rodent community
Authors: Diaz Renata M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological processes that maintain community function in systems experiencing species loss, and how these processes change over time, is key to understanding the relationship between community structure and function and predicting how communities may respond to perturbations in the Anthropocene. Using a 30‐year experiment on desert rodents, we show that the impact of species loss on community‐level energy use has changed repeatedly and dramatically over time, due to (1) the addition of new species to the community, and (2) a reduction in functional redundancy among the same set of species. Although strong compensation, initially driven by the dispersal of functionally redundant species to the local community, occurred in this system from 1997 to 2010, since 2010, compensation has broken down due to decreasing functional overlap within the same set of species. Simultaneously, long‐term changes in sitewide community composition due to niche complementarity have decoupled the dynamics of compensation from the overall impact of species loss on community‐level energy use. Shifting, context‐dependent compensatory dynamics, such as those demonstrated here, highlight the importance of explicitly long‐term, metacommunity, and eco‐evolutionary perspectives on the link between species‐level fluctuations and community function in a changing world.
State‐of‐the‐art electrochemistry for the assessment of oxidative stress and integral antioxidant activity of biological environments
Authors: Brainina Khiena Z. , Shpigun Liliya K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present review focuses on the interplay between electrochemistry and life, events on the border of electrochemistry‐biology‐life science, electrochemistry as the basis, and the information source on oxidative stress (OS) or Red/Ox state of biological systems and food to be investigated. Electroanalytical chemistry provides rapid, relatively simple, and sensitive approaches to assess the redox characteristics and antioxidant activity of biologically active compounds in various samples.OS is a relatively new physiological response concept, recognized in medicine and biology in the last three decades. This phenomenon is caused by an imbalance between (pro)oxidants and antioxidants in living organisms and it is related to the fundamental redox reactions that underlie health signaling and life processes in general. OS can contribute to many pathological conditions and diseases. In particular, it is recognized that a highly contagious infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019, is associated with an inflammation process related to OS‐induced cellular changes. Recent years have shown a marked increase in electrochemical studies of OS and quantitation of its reductant‐oxidant markers (signaling agents), such as reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.The goal of this overview is to cover the brief scope of modern electrochemical analysis and sensor devices for monitoring biomarkers of OS and antioxidant status of biological systems. By discussing the great potential of potentiometric and voltammetric methods for human health assessment, it is hoped to bridge between recent electrochemical research and medical diagnostic treatment in the 21st century.
Identification of matB used as an endogenous reference gene for the qualitative and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of Lentinus edodes
Authors: Li Ling , Wei Yuanmiao , Liu Yao , Xiang Shuna , Zhang Hanyue , Shang Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLentinus edodes is a fungus with rich nutritional value and good medicinal value and has accordingly become a substitute for other expensive wild edible mushrooms. In this study, for the first time, the matB gene was selected as an endogenous reference gene of L. edodes and identified as the species‐specific gene. The matB genes of L. edodes and 18 non‐L. edodes species were determined by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but no amplification was found in non‐L. edodes species. In SYBR Green quantitative PCR analysis, the detection limit was as low as 16 pg/µl of DNA template. All of these experiments indicated that the matB gene is an ideal reference gene and can detect L. edodes material through qualitative and quantitative PCR assays. It also provides a convenient and accurate approach for the detection of L. edodes products and the adulteration in wild edible mushroom products.
Magnetoconvection around an elliptic cylinder placed in a lid‐driven square enclosure subjected to internal heat generation or absorption
Authors: Olayemi Olalekan A. , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Obalalu Adebowale M. , Ajide Tomisin F. , Adebayo Kehinde R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe impacts of MHD and heat generation/absorption on lid‐driven convective fluid flow occasioned by a lid‐driven square enclosure housing an elliptic cylinder have been investigated numerically. The elliptic cylinder and the horizontal enclosure boundaries were insulated and the left vertical lid‐driven wall was experienced at a fixed hot temperature, and the right wall was exposed to a fixed cold temperature. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software was used to resolve the nondimensional equations governing flow physics. A set of parameters, such as Hartmann number (), Reynolds number (), Grashof number (), heat generation‐absorption parameter (), and elliptical cylinder aspect ratio (AR) () have been investigated. The current study discovered that for low Reynolds number, the adiabatic cylinder AR of 2.0 provided the optimum heat transfer enhancement for the model investigated, also the impact of cylinder size diminishes beyond Gr = 104. But for high Reynolds (Re = 1000), the size of the cylinder with AR = 3.0 offered the highest heat transfer augmentation. The clockwise flow circulation reduces because of an increase in AR, which hinders the flow circulation. In addition, heat absorption supports heat transfer augmentation while heat generation can suppress heat transfer improvement.
Hydrology and thermal regime of an ice‐contact proglacial lake: Implications for stream temperature and lake evaporation
Authors: Bird Lawrence A. , Moyer Alexis N. , Moore R. Daniel , Koppes Michelle N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe formation of lakes as glaciers retreat can potentially influence stream temperature and enhance catchment water losses via evaporation. This study quantified the summer water and energy budgets and thermal regime of an ice‐contact proglacial lake below Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, to link ongoing glacier retreat with downstream effects. The ice‐proximal and distal portions of the lake behave differently due to a mid‐lake recessional moraine, against which icebergs are pinned by the dominant katabatic wind. Iceberg cover of the ice‐proximal basin ranged from 16% to 75%. Temperature profiles in the ice‐proximal basin were dominantly near‐isothermal at 1 to 1.4°C, with the exception of diurnal warming of the top 1 m of water and the presence of a colder layer near the lake bed at some sites, presumably caused by subglacial discharge of turbid water. Subaqueous iceberg melt limited warming by consuming heat from the water column. The distal basin exhibited varying degrees of thermal stratification, with turbidity inferred to have a greater influence on water density than temperature. Most of the warming between lake inflow and outflow occurred in the distal basin, where net radiation was the dominant surface energy input and net lateral advection the dominant energy sink. As a result of the suppressed water temperature, humidity gradients over the lake favoured condensation, not evaporation. Estimates of iceberg melt volume for 2013 exceeded glacier discharge into the lake. Therefore, when the glacier eventually becomes land‐terminating, icebergs are expected to disappear within a year, resulting in higher water temperatures both in the lake and downstream. Higher lake temperatures could also cause an eventual shift from condensation to evaporation, which would tend to reduce catchment water yield over and above reductions associated with loss of glacier area.
Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: Participants with a family history of cancer have a higher participation rate in low‐dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening
Authors: Guo Lan‐Wei , Meng Qing‐Cheng , Zheng Li‐Yang , Chen Qiong , Liu Yin , Xu Hui‐Fang , Kang Rui‐Hua , Zhang Lu‐Yao , Liu Shu‐Zheng , Sun Xi‐Bin , Zhang Shao‐Kai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine participation in low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) of individuals with a family history of common cancers in a population‐based screening program to provide timely evidence in high‐risk populations in China. The analysis was conducted using data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC), which recruited 282 377 participants aged 40 to 74 years from eight cities in the Henan province. Using the CanSPUC risk score system, 55 428 participants were evaluated to have high risk for lung cancer and were recommended for LDCT. We calculated the overall and group‐specific participation rates using family history of common cancers and compared differences in participation rates between different groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were derived by multivariable logistic regression. Of the 55 428 participants, 22 260 underwent LDCT (participation rate, 40.16%). Family history of lung, esophageal, stomach, liver and colorectal cancer was associated with increased participation in LDCT screening. The odds of participants with a family history of one, two, three and four or more cancer cases undergoing LDCT screening were 1.9, 2.7, 2.8 and 3.5 times, respectively, than those without a family history of cancer. Compared to those without a history of cancer, participation in LDCT gradually increased as the number of cancer cases in the family increased (P < .001). Our findings suggest that there is room for improvement in lung cancer screening given the relatively low participation rate. Lung cancer screening in populations with a family history of cancer may improve efficiency and cost‐effectiveness; however, this requires further verification.
Using Disability Studies in Education (DSE) for Effective Literacy Instruction
Authors: Harkins Monaco Elizabeth A. , Ankrum Julie Winneur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Disability Studies in Education (DSE) framework can support teachers as they develop inclusive lessons integrating diverse instructional texts. It promotes the concept that all learners can read, comprehend, and discuss complex texts and it can expand opportunities for students with disabilities to participate in the same learning contexts as their nondisabled peers. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide teachers with background on the theory of DSE and offer practical strategies for integrating the principles of DSE into literacy instruction. The authors use a vignette to describe one way to experience integrating DSE in a high school English Language Arts special education classroom.
Cultural auditing to enhance reflective counseling practices with Indigenous families
Authors: Boyer Wanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContemporary researchers in counseling consider cultural sensitivity and respectfulness as vital to developing a therapeutic working alliance. The author explores using a cultural audit to reflexively support cultural reflection, sensitivity, and respectfulness. A case example is used to present the cultural audit process in the client cultural context of a First Nations elder and grandfather. Implications are discussed, including cultural repertoire expansion of counselors and counseling practitioners via culture‐infused therapeutic working alliances.
A Modified Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale for Virtual Assessments
Authors: Wills Anne‐Marie , Pantelyat Alexander , Espay Alberto , Chan James , Litvan Irene , Xie Tao , Dale Marian L. , Gunzler Steven A. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Fox Susan H. , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Sharma Mansi , Lang Anthony E. , Boxer Adam L. ,   AL‐108‐231 Study Group, Golbe Lawrence I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reliability of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) using teleneurology has not been assessed.ObjectivesTo test whether removing items inadequately assessed by video would impact measurement of PSP severity and progression.MethodsWe performed secondary analyses of two data sets: the phase 2/3 trial of Davunetide in PSP and a large single‐center cohort. We examined two modifications of the PSPRS: (1) removing neck rigidity, limb rigidity, and postural stability (25 items; mPSPRS‐25) and (2) also removing three ocular motor items and limb dystonia (21 items; mPSPRS‐21). Proportional agreement relative to the possible total scores was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient, compared to the original PSPRS baseline values and change over 6 and 12 months. We examined the ability of both scales to predict survival in the single‐center cohort using proportional hazards models.ResultsThe mPSPRS‐25 showed excellent agreement (0.99; P < 0.001) with the original PSPRS at baseline, 0.98 (P < 0.001) agreement in measuring change over 6 months, and 0.98 (P < 0.001) over 12 months. The mPSPRS‐21 showed agreement of 0.94 (P < 0.001) with the original PSPRS at baseline, 0.92 (P < 0.001) at 6 months, and 0.95 (P < 0.001) at 12 months. Baseline and 6‐month change in both modified scales were highly predictive of survival in the single‐center cohort.ConclusionsModified versions of the PSPRS which can be administered remotely show excellent agreement with the original scale and predict survival in PSP. The mPSPRS‐21 should facilitate clinical care and research in PSP via teleneurology. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Virtual planning of the anterolateral thigh free flap for heel reconstruction
Authors: Ellabban Mohamed A. , Elsayed Malek A. , Zein Abo Bakr , Ghorab Mohamed , Elmasry Moustafa , Masadeh Suhail , Abo‐Ella Mohamed Mokhtar , Sadek Ahmed Fathy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposethree dimensional (3‐D) virtual planning is an example of computer assisted surgery that improved management of composite tissue defects. However, converting the 3‐D construct into two dimensional format is challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess 3‐D virtual planning of complex heel defects for better optimized reconstruction.Patients and methodsa prospective analysis of 10 patients [9 male and 1 female; mean age = 27.9 years] with post‐traumatic heel defects was performed. Heel defects comprised types II (three patients) or III (seven patients) according to Hidalgo and Shaw and were managed using anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap adopting 3‐D virtual planning of the actual defect which was converted into a silicone two dimensional mold. The mean definitive size of the defects was 63.4 cm3. Functional, aesthetic, and sensory evaluations of both donor and recipient sites were performed 1 year after surgery.ResultsSix patients received thinned ALT (mean size = 139 cm3) while four patients received musculofasciocutaneous ALT flap (mean size = 199 cm3). One flap exhibited partial skin flap necrosis. Another flap was salvaged after re‐exploration secondary to venous congestion. The mean follow‐up was 20.2 months. The Maryland foot score showed 4 excellent, 5 good, and 1 fair cases. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle hind foot scoring was 76.3 (range: 69–86). All patients regained their walking capability.Conclusions3‐D virtual planning of complex heel defects facilitates covering non‐elliptical defects while harvesting a conventional elliptical flap with providing satisfactory functional outcomes and near‐normal contour, volume, and sensibility.
Range uncertainty reductions in proton therapy may lead to the feasibility of novel beam arrangements which improve organ‐at‐risk sparing
Authors: Tattenberg Sebastian , Madden Thomas M. , Bortfeld Thomas , Parodi Katia , Verburg Joost 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeIn proton therapy, dose distributions are currently often conformed to organs at risk (OARs) using the less sharp dose fall‐off at the lateral beam edge to reduce the effects of uncertainties in the in vivo proton range. However, range uncertainty reductions may make greater use of the sharper dose fall‐off at the distal beam edge feasible, potentially improving OAR sparing. We quantified the benefits of such novel beam arrangements.MethodsFor each of 10 brain or skull base cases, five treatment plans robust to 2 mm setup and 0%–4% range uncertainty were created for the traditional clinical beam arrangement and a novel beam arrangement making greater use of the distal beam edge to conform the dose distribution to the brainstem. Metrics including the brainstem normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) with the endpoint of necrosis were determined for all plans and all setup and range uncertainty scenarios.ResultsFor the traditional beam arrangement, reducing the range uncertainty from the current level of approximately 4% to a potentially achievable level of 1% reduced the brainstem NTCP by up to 0.9 percentage points in the nominal and up to 1.5 percentage points in the worst‐case scenario. Switching to the novel beam arrangement at 1% range uncertainty improved these values by a factor of 2, that is, to 1.8 percentage points and 3.2 percentage points, respectively. The novel beam arrangement achieved a lower brainstem NTCP in all cases starting at a range uncertainty of 2%.ConclusionThe benefits of novel beam arrangements may be of the same magnitude or even exceed the direct benefits of range uncertainty reductions. Indirect effects may therefore contribute markedly to the benefits of reducing proton range uncertainties.
Application of layers of protection analysis to prevent coronavirus infection
Authors: Mokhber Ali , Aggarwal Shivani , García‐Triñanes Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLayers of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is applied to an encounter with the SARS‐COV‐2 infection as an initiating event, and subsequently, independent protection layers (IPLs) (namely health safeguarding protocols), such as social distancing, ventilation, hand hygiene, face masks, and vaccinations. LOPA is applied considering numerical quantification of the COVID fatality index in order to manage the transmission risk to a tolerable level, namely the fatality risk due to seasonal flu. This measurement tool quantifies the ratio of the annual death rate due to the SARS‐COV‐2 infection to the annual death rate of the common flu, and it is applied to a chemical plant. The lower this quantified value is, the more the COVID‐19 infection death rate approaches that of the common flu. Thus, any improvement in safeguarding protocols should reduce this index. The input data is based on public domain COVID‐19 infection statistical data and websites accessible in the United Kingdom. The COVID‐19 transmission rate is statistically analyzed with random number sampling to simulate the random pattern of the virus' person‐to‐person infection in the community. The success of the COVID‐19 protection protocols is probabilistic and depends on the public's compliance, which is modeled by observational surveys.
Detection and determination of C12‐, C14‐, C16‐alkyldimethylamines in human blood using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Brousa Evdokia , Mastrogianni Orthodoxia , Orfanidis Amvrosios , Zaggelidou Eleni , Raikos Nikolaos , Gika Helen G. 
Published: April 2022

RationaleN,N‐Dimethyldodecylamine is produced from lauryl alcohol and dimethylamine. C12–C16 alkyldimethylamines are used as intermediates for the manufacture of amineoxides and quaternary amino compounds. In the present study a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of C12–C16 alkyldimethylamines in blood was developed and validated. The reason for this study was the detection of the above compounds in the postmortem blood sample of a fatal suicide case.MethodsAnalysis of amines was performed using a gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies 7890A) with an MS 5975C inrXL, EI/CI MSD with triple‐axis detector in selected ion monitoring mode, after liquid–liquid extraction. Four different organic solvents (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n‐hexane and n‐heptane) were used for the optimization of the extraction procedure, resulting in ethyl acetate being the solvent of choice for the extraction procedure. A QuEChERS step was applied (20 mg of MgSO4, 5 mg of NaCl) to 1 mL of blood and pH was adjusted at 12 (K2CO3buffer solution). After the addition of the extraction solvent, samples were vortexed, centrifuged and directly injected into the GC/MS system.ResultsIn validation, the method was found to be selective and sensitive (limit of detection from 0.3 to 0.5 ng/mL, limit of quantitation from 10.0 to 20.0 ng/mL), whilst validation included recovery, stability, accuracy and precision (relative standard deviation). Validation results were found satisfactory: intra‐ and interday precision ranged from 0.4% to 2% and from 0.6% to 1.9% respectively, while intra‐ and interday accuracy ranged from 87% to 109% and from 86% to112.8%. C12–C16 alkyldimethylamines were detected in blood samples at a concentration of 8.39 μg/mL (C12), 3.01 μg/mL (C14) and 0.42 μg/mL (C16).ConclusionsA rapid, sensitive and reliable method was developed for the determination of C12–C16 alkyldimethylamines in postmortem blood, after optimization of the sample preparation procedure, and finally successfully applied to a real postmortem blood sample from a fatal case involving these compounds.