bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric emergency departments should manage young febrile and afebrile infants the same if they have a fever before presenting
Authors: Orfanos Ioannis , Sotoca Fernandez Jorge , Elfving Kristina , Alfvén Tobias , Eklund Erik A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate the risk of bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants ≤60 days who presented to paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) after having fever at home. We also investigated any differences between infants who were afebrile or febrile on presentation.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of infants ≤60 days presented to four Swedish PEDs during 2014–2020 with reported fever at home. We used relative risks (RR) to compare the prevalence of UTI, bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis between the infants who were afebrile and the infants who were still febrile when they presented to the PED.ResultsThe cohort comprised 1926 infants, and 702 (36%) were afebrile on presentation. The prevalence of UTI in the afebrile and febrile infants was 6.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5–8.2] versus 14.2% (95% CI 12.3–16.2), corresponding to an RR of 0.43 (95% CI 0.31–0.59). In infants ≤28 days, the RR for meningitis was 1.05 (95% CI 0.18–6.23) for afebrile versus febrile infants. Five times more febrile infants underwent a lumbar puncture.ConclusionInfants who were afebrile on presentation underwent fewer lumbar punctures, but they had similar rates of bacterial meningitis to febrile infants. Different management approaches are not justified.
Letter: sex disparities in presentation and prognosis of 1110 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Li‐Yang , Jia Hang‐Dong , Liang Lei , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Yang Tian 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to El‐Khateeb et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16489This letter is linked to Nicole E. Rich et al's article. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15917.
Financial Literacy and Retirement Spending: A University Student Perspective
Authors: Richardson Jeremy , Alpert Karen , Tanner Mark , Birt Jacqueline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFinancial provision for retirement consists of two phases, accumulation and decumulation. Young people as an age group have generally been ignored in previous research and there has been little research investigating financial literacy levels of young people and attitudinal aspects of their decision making. As such, this paper examines university students’ views on decumulation. We find that student predictions of their costs in retirement are inaccurate, and this is driven by overconfidence and somewhat mitigated by better financial literacy. Furthermore, when planning for retirement income, the Age Pension is expected to be used the least while interestingly personal savings are expected to be used more than superannuation. The biggest drivers of the different levels of usage for the different funding sources are opinions on the effectiveness and understanding of superannuation. These results demonstrate that there is a lack of understanding of the costs of living and the characteristics of the different pillars of the Australian retirement system. Increasing skills and knowledge in financial literacy and of the Australian retirement system is paramount. The implications of our findings are of interest to government, finance professionals and academics from an education and research perspective.
Going Concern Uncertainty: What Do Firms Disclose?
Authors: Bradbury Michael , Fargher Neil , Potter Brad , Taylor Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine disclosure of going concern uncertainties by Australian companies. We begin by outlining the extant reporting framework applicable from accounting and auditing standards, and compare the approach to this issue taken across several different countries – Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. We then examine reporting of going concern uncertainties for a selection of 127 Australian companies reporting at 30 June 2020 that also receive modified audit reports highlighting going concern issues. Our results indicate substantial variation in the specific requirements of audit and accounting standards impacting going concern disclosure across jurisdictions, with relevant disclosure guidance for Australian entities primarily contained in auditing, rather than accounting, standards. Not surprisingly then, we also observe significant variation in management reporting practices. These results inform our understanding of existing disclosure requirements and highlight how regulatory reliance on auditor discussion of going concern issues likely results in relatively limited management disclosure. We suggest that additional guidance may be required from accounting standard setters and also regulators with respect to management discussion of going concern uncertainty.
Paediatric oral formulations: Why don't our kids have the medicines they need?
Authors: Juárez‐Hernández José Eduardo , Carleton Bruce C. 
Published: July 2022

Medication use in children represents 15–20% of total drug sales. More than 50% of children receive at least one prescription medication a year. Despite this, few drugs have a paediatric formulation available. Furthermore, 80% of paediatric prescriptions are considered off‐label. Off‐label use is defined as the use of products that differ in dose, indication or route of administration from the one established in the summary of product characteristics. Off‐label use is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions, including therapeutic failure. The US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have made changes to regulations to incentivize the development of paediatric formulations.Novel paediatric formulations can ease drug administration, reducing medication errors, increasing dosing acceptability, medication adherence and improve safety. Two routes for paediatric drug approval are available, the traditional, requiring clinical trials and the formulation bridging path, where these formulations need to demonstrate equivalence with the existing adult formulations.New formulations seeking regulatory approval require bioequivalence studies, but the regulatory framework, which states that bioequivalence data are obtained from adults and then extrapolated to children, may be disregarding important physiological differences between these two populations of patients.It is important to ensure that drugs for children have been appropriately studied and are properly manufactured for them. Adequately designed studies will provide data that will improve our understanding of how drug disposition differs between adults and children and will pave the way for children to get the best possible treatment.
Asymmetrical responding to male versus female other‐race categories in 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants
Authors: Damon Fabrice , Quinn Paul C. , Méary David , Pascalis Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFaces can be categorized along various dimensions including gender or race, an ability developing in infancy. Infant categorization studies have focused on facial attributes in isolation, but the interaction between these attributes remains poorly understood. Experiment 1 examined gender categorization of other‐race faces in 9‐ and 12‐month‐old White infants. Nine‐ and 12‐month‐olds were familiarized with Asian male or female faces, and tested with a novel exemplar from the familiarized category paired with a novel exemplar from a novel category. Both age groups showed novel category preferences for novel Asian female faces after familiarization with Asian male faces, but showed no novel category preference for novel Asian male faces after familiarization with Asian female faces. This categorization asymmetry was not due to a spontaneous preference hindering novel category reaction (Experiment 2), and both age groups displayed difficulty discriminating among male, but not female, other‐race faces (Experiment 3). These results indicate that category formation for male other‐race faces is mediated by categorical perception. Overall, the findings suggest that even by 12 months of age, infants are not fully able to form gender category representations of other‐race faces, responding categorically to male, but not female, other‐race faces.
It is double pleasure to deceive the deceiver: Machiavellianism is associated with producing but not necessarily with falling for bullshit
Authors: Blötner Christian , Bergold Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMachiavellianism is a personality trait emphasizing fraud at others' expense. It is yet unclear whether Machiavellianism is also predictive of less obvious deception, for example inaccurate or meaningless information supposed to gain advantages and to avoid disadvantages (i.e., bullshit). Similarly, it is unclear whether those high in Machiavellianism can recognize bullshit claims and valuable information as such (i.e., bullshit sensitivity). In this study, we investigated whether different facets of Machiavellianism are prone to the production of different sorts of bullshit and how these facets of Machiavellianism relate to bullshit sensitivity. In a sample of 525 participants (72% women), we found that the manipulative side of Machiavellianism (Machiavellian approach) was linked to persuasive bullshitting, that is, the production of bullshit intended to gain desired resources. Likewise, the distrustful side of Machiavellianism (Machiavellian avoidance) went along with higher evasive bullshitting, which means spreading information that ought to prevent individual disadvantages. Next, we found that those high in Machiavellian avoidance, but not Machiavellian approach, were better at differentiating information from bullshit. These links were robust irrespective of different levels of cognitive ability. Ultimately, we discussed future directions for research on bullshitting and disseminating deceptive information in general.
Battling parenting: The consequences of secure care interventions on parents
Authors: Allgurin Monika , Enell Sofia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSecure care in Sweden is the most intrusive child welfare intervention, and children and their family members have restricted contact. For each child in secure care, there are at least twice as many affected family members and parents who must manage the consequences of this institutionalization. Clearly, it is just as important to understand how secure care affects parents as it is to understand how secure care affects children. To address this issue, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 11 parents to eight children who had been placed in secure care during their childhood, focusing on the institutional and societal structures that affected these parents and their parenting. With a narrative approach, stories alluding to a metaphor of war are identified. These stories reveal how all parents (but especially single mothers) are affected by their diverse socio‐economic positions and the rigid frames of family life presumed by child welfare interventions. In these narratives, parenting emerges as a social practice rather than a skill. Above all, the stories demonstrate a great deal of vulnerability and sensitivity of parenting. The findings raise critical questions about the meaning and overarching consequences of institutional interventions in a family life.
Relationship between childbirth and access to postsecondary education among young women ageing out of foster care
Authors: Shpiegel Svetlana , Dworsky Amy , Day Angelique , Ludeke Rachel , Ventola Marissa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly childbirth is common among young women ageing out of foster care and may impede their educational progress. However, few studies have explored access to postsecondary education among young mothers who have been in foster care. The present study used data from a large, national sample of young people in foster care (National Youth in Transition Database, NYTD) to examine the link between early childbirth and young women's access to postsecondary education between ages 19 and 21, controlling for an array of covariates. The study sample included 2,207 young women who had completed a high school diploma or GED by age 19 and who participated in three NYTD interviews at ages 17, 19 and 21. Childbirth between ages 19 and 21 was linked to decreased access to postsecondary education. However, no relationship was found between access to postsecondary education and childbirth by age 17 or childbirth between ages 17 and 19. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.
Reconstructive surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Derks Jan , Ortiz‐Vigón Alberto , Guerrero Adrián , Donati Mauro , Bressan Eriberto , Ghensi Paolo , Schaller Dennis , Tomasi Cristiano , Karlsson Karolina , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Ichioka Yuki , Dionigi Carlotta , Regidor Erik , Berglundh Tord 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the potential benefit of the use of a bone substitute material in the reconstructive surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis.MethodsIn this multicenter randomized clinical trial, 138 patients (147 implants) with peri‐implantitis were treated surgically, randomized by coin toss to either a control (access flap surgery) or a test group (reconstructive surgery using bone substitute material). Clinical assessments, including probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding and suppuration on probing (BOP & SOP) as well as soft tissue recession (REC), were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Marginal bone levels (MBL), measured on intra‐oral radiographs, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were recorded at baseline and 12 months. No blinding to group allocation was performed. The primary outcome at 12 months was a composite measure including (i) implant not lost, (ii) absence of BOP/SOP at all aspects, (iii) PPD ≤5 mm at all aspects and (iv) ≤1 mm recession of mucosal margin on the buccal aspect of the implant. Secondary outcomes included (i) changes of MBL, (ii) changes of PPD, BOP%, and buccal KM, (iii) buccal REC and (iv) patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsDuring follow‐up, four implants (one in the test group, three in the control group) in four patients were removed due to disease progression. At 12 months, a total of 69 implants in the test and 68 implants in the control group were examined. Thus, 16.4% and 13.5% of implants in the test and control group, respectively, met all predefined criteria of the composite outcome. PPD reduction and MBL gain were 3.7 mm and about 1.0 mm in both groups. Reduction in mean BOP% varied between 45% (test) and 50% (control), without significant differences between groups. Buccal REC was less pronounced in the test group (M = 0.7, SD = 0.9 mm) when compared to controls (M = 1.1, SD = 1.5 mm). PROs were favorable in both groups without significant differences. One case of allergic reaction to the antibiotic therapy was recorded. No other adverse events were noted.ConclusionsSurgical therapy of peri‐implantitis effectively improved the clinical and radiographic status at 12 months. While the use of a bone substitute material did not improve reductions of PPD and BOP, buccal REC was less pronounced in the test group. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups.
A comparison between self‐reported hand eczema and self‐reported signs and symptoms of skin lesions indicating hand eczema
Authors: Yüksel Yasemin Topal , Thyssen Jacob P. , Nørreslet Line Brok , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Ebbehøj Niels Erik , Agner Tove 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of self‐reported hand eczema (HE) is currently unclear, and it is unknown how well self‐reported signs and symptoms of skin lesions that indicate HE correlate with self‐reported HE.ObjectivesTo correlate self‐reported signs and symptoms of skin lesions on the hands with self‐reported HE, to assess the sensitivity and specificity, and to suggest a definition for HE.MethodSeven hundred ninety‐five (47.8%) of 1663 invited healthcare workers completed a digital questionnaire, and were asked to report if they experienced HE or any of the following skin signs/symptoms in past 11 months: scaling, erythema, fissures, vesicles, dryness, itch, stinging.ResultsHE during the past 11 months was reported by 11.9%. Of these, 91.4% reported at least one skin sign versus 32.3% of those without self‐reported HE. The highest sensitivity and specificity were found for erythema (77.4% and 78.2%, respectively) and itch (78.5% and 78.6%, respectively), both separately and combined. The combination of ≥2 signs (erythema, scaling, fissures and vesicles) and itch, reached a sensitivity of 52.7% and specificity of 93.9%.ConclusionThe marked difference between self‐reported HE and signs/symptoms highlights the importance of differentiating between data based on self‐reported HE and signs/symptoms. As a first step towards diagnostic HE criteria, ≥2 signs combined with itch could be considered, but clinical studies are needed to verify the precision.
Acute hemodynamic responses from low‐load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in young and older individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cross‐over trials
Authors: Pedon William R. , Lima Francisco V. , Cipriano Gerson , da Silva Weder A. , Fernandes Marcos V. S. , Gomes Natalia S. , Chiappa Adriana M. G. , Pena de Sousa Rafael , Pereira da Silva Maria Eduarda , Chiappa Gaspar R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the existing evidence on the acute response of low‐load (LL) resistance exercise (RE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) on hemodynamic parameters.Data SourcesMEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Scopus), SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science and MedRxiv databases were searched from inception to February 2022.Review MethodsCross‐over trials investigating the acute effect of LLRE + BFR versus passive (no exercise) and active control methods (LLRE or HLRE) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure responses.ResultsThe quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, risk of bias using the RoB 2.0 tool for cross‐over trials and certainty of the evidence using the GRADE method. A total of 15 randomized cross‐over studies with 466 participants were eligible for analyses. Our data showed that LLRE + BFR increases all hemodynamic parameters compared to passive control, but not compared to conventional resistance exercise. Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate any differences between LLRE + BFR and low‐ (LL) or high‐load (HL) resistance exercise protocols. Studies including younger volunteers presented higher chronotropic responses (HR) than those with older volunteers.ConclusionsDespite causing notable hemodynamic responses compared to no exercise, the short‐term LL resistance exercise with BFR modulates all hemodynamic parameters HR, SBP, DBP and MBP, similarly to a conventional resistance exercise protocol, whether at low or high‐intensity. The chronotropic response is slightly higher in younger healthy individuals despite the similarity regarding pressure parameters.
Increased fetal epicardial fat thickness: A reflecting finding for GDM and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Iskender Cantekin , Yakut Yücel Kadriye , Dereli Murat Levent , Sağlam Erkan , Çelen Şevki , Çağlar Turhan , Engin‐Üstün Yaprak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the value of fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in gestational diabetes mellitus in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship with clinical parameters and perinatal outcomes.MethodsA total of 80 participants, including 40 with diagnosed GDM and 40 healthy pregnant women, were included in the study. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. Sonographic examinations were performed, such as amniotic fluid value, fetal biometric measurements, and Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery. Fetal EFT values were measured at the free wall of the right ventricle using a reference line with echocardiographic methods. Correlation tests were performed to evaluate the relationship between fetal EFT and clinical and perinatal parameters.p < .05 were interpreted as statistically significant.ResultsThe fetal EFT value was statistically higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p: .000). Spearman and Pearson correlation tests revealed statistically significant but weak positive correlations between fetal EFT value, 1‐h 100‐g OGTT, birth weight, and BMI (r: .198,p: .047;r: .395,p: .012;r: .360,p: .042, respectively). The optimal fetal EFT threshold for predicting GDM disease was found as 1.55 mm, with a specificity of 74.4% and sensitivity of 75.0%. Statistically significant differences between the two groups in umbilical artery Doppler resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) were not found (p: .337;p: .503;p: .155;). BMI and amniotic fluid volume were higher in the GDM group compared to the control group (p: .009;p < .01).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that increased fetal EFT may occur as a reflection of changes in glucose metabolism in intrauterine life. Future studies with larger series, including the study of neonatal metabolic parameters, will contribute to the understanding of the importance of fetal EFT in determining the metabolic status of the fetus.
Artificial intelligence in echocardiography: Review and limitations including epistemological concerns
Authors: Karakuş Gültekin , Değirmencioğlu Aleks , Nanda Navin C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn this review we describe the use of artificial intelligence in the field of echocardiography. Various aspects and terminologies used in artificial intelligence are explained in an easy‐to‐understand manner and supplemented with illustrations related to echocardiography. Limitations of artificial intelligence, including epistemologic concerns from a philosophical standpoint, are also discussed.MethodsA narrative review of relevant papers was conducted.ConclusionWe provide an overview of the usefulness of artificial intelligence in echocardiography and focus on how it can supplement current day‐to‐day clinical practice in the assessment of various cardiovascular disease entities. On the other hand, there are significant limitations, including epistemological concerns, which need to be kept in perspective.
Therapeutic benefits of noninvasive somatosensory cortex stimulation on cortical plasticity and somatosensory function: A systematic review
Authors: Sasaki Ryoki , Watanabe Hiraku , Onishi Hideaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptimal limb coordination requires efficient transmission of somatosensory information to the sensorimotor cortex. The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is frequently damaged by stroke, resulting in both somatosensory and motor impairments. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to the primary motor cortex is thought to induce neural plasticity that facilitates neurorehabilitation. Several studies have also examined if NIBS to the S1 can enhance somatosensory processing as assessed by somatosensory‐evoked potentials (SEPs) and improve behavioural task performance, but it remains uncertain if NIBS can reliably modulate S1 plasticity or even whether SEPs can reflect this plasticity. This systematic review revealed that NIBS has relatively minor effects on SEPs or somatosensory task performance, but larger early SEP changes after NIBS can still predict improved performance. Similarly, decreased paired‐pulse inhibition in S1 post‐NIBS is associated with improved somatosensory performance. However, several studies still debate the role of inhibitory function in somatosensory performance after NIBS in terms of the direction of the change (i.e., disinhibition or inhibition). Altogether, early SEP and paired‐pulse inhibition (particularly inter‐stimulus intervals of 30–100 ms) may become useful biomarkers for somatosensory deficits, but improved NIBS protocols are required for therapeutic applications.