bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of teaching forensic nursing course on undergraduate nursing student’s forensic nursing knowledge
Authors: Doğan Muzaffer Berna , Eycan Özgül , Yazıcı Aybüke , Gülatar Berfe , Çapan Melike , Temel Sena Merve 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the forensic nursing (FN) education is to provide nursing students with the basic knowledge of FN that they can use in the clinical area.

Objective
The study evaluated the effect of integrating forensic nursing into the undergraduate nursing curriculum on 2nd- and 4th-year students’ knowledge level of FN.

Participants
The target population of this study was composed of 2nd- and 4th-year students in the nursing department at a foundation university in Istanbul. The study was conducted with 95 nursing students who agreed to participate in the study.

Methods
The research was planned as cross-sectional and descriptive. The questionnaire form was developed with the help of literature by experts in the field. Each correct answer was scored as 4 points, and the total score could range from 0 to 100.

Results
The average age was 21.64 ± 1.16, and 66.3% (n = 63) was female. Out of the 95 students, 50.5% (n = 48) were in 2nd year, and 49.5% (n = 47) were in 4th year. A total of 47.4% (n = 45) of the students took a FN course, and 52.6% (n = 50) did not take FN course. The average level of knowledge for those who took FN course was 52.09 ± 12.31 and for those who did not take FN course was 46.16 ± 12.18. According to the status of taking FN course, a significant difference was found between the average level of knowledge (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results emphasize the importance of integration of FN into the undergraduate nursing curriculum.
Impact of DNA evidence in criminal justice system: Indian legislative perspectives
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Harshey Abhimanyu , Das Tanurup , Kumar Akash , Yadav Murali Manohar , Shrivastava Pankaj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The scientific and technological advances along with the changing socio-economical standards of society have posed new challenges to the criminal justice system. With the changes in society and technology, there is also an increase in crime rate. Forensics provides the scientific proofs beyond the shadow of reasonable doubt and thus significantly contributes in criminal as well as civil investigations and legal matters.

Main body of the abstract
Discovery of DNA has opened new avenues and the advancement of DNA technology and its introduction into the court of law has provided extensive aid in the resolution of civil and criminal disputes. In India, the DNA technology was first introduced in a paternity dispute in 1989. However, the need for legislation and guidelines to support grounds for the use of DNA profiling for forensic purposes in India has been recognized for some time now. In July 2019, the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Bill 2019 was introduced in the Indian parliament.

Short conclusion
Herein, this article is focused on the current aspects of DNA based evidence in the Indian Criminal Justice system along with the associated issues, highlighting the need for specific DNA based legislation.
Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry: discovery history, global diversity, prevalence in China, and the host range of top two species
Authors: Ji Ying , Li Xue , Gao Qing-Hua , Geng Chunnv , Duan Ke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting strawberry production worldwide. Fungi of the genus Colletotrichum, being ancient and co-evolved with flowering plants, rank eighth among the top ten economically important fungal pathogens and have diversified to adapt to various hosts. Since it was first reported in United States in 1931, strawberry anthracnose has spread globally, resulting in devastating economic, social, and ecological consequences. In a sense, to produce organic strawberry is impracticable largely because of this disease. Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry have been widely characterized. The review focused on providing an accurate inventory of Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry via revisiting the discovery history scrupulously over 90 years. A total of 23 Colletotrichum species clustered into five species complexes and two singleton taxa were accepted as strawberry pathogens with global occurrence illustrated. The relative prevalence of distinct Colletotrichum species associated with strawberry was systematically analyzed in China. Finally, the host range of the prevailing C. fructicola and C. siamense, also the top two Colletotrichum species causing serious damages on the earth was summarized, with a goal of diagnosing accurately and improving anthracnose management in agricultural ecosystem.
Cytogenetic evaluation of primary amenorrhea: a study of 100 cases at tertiary centre
Authors: Pritti Kumari , Mishra Vineet , Patel Hetvi , Patel Kushani , Aggarwal Rohina , Choudhary Sumesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation in women of reproductive age. The physiology of menstruation and reproduction has a strong correlation with the expression of the X chromosome. Early referral for cytogenetic evaluation is recommended for the identification of underlying chromosomal aberrations in amenorrhoea patients. This study aims to estimate the frequency and types of chromosomal abnormalities in primary amenorrhoea (PA) patients in western India and correlate their hormonal profile and sonographic findings with chromosomal reports.

Patients and methods
Clinical features of 100 patients along with their hormonal profile and sonographic findings were recorded. Karyotyping was done after taking informed consent from the patients. Molecular cytogenetic technique was used to confirm marker chromosomes and ring chromosomes.

Results
The results revealed 89% of PA with normal female karyotype (46,XX) and 11% with different abnormal karyotypes. Majority of females with normal karyotype were having Mullerian defects and among them most of them were categorized under Rokitansky syndrome. Among the abnormal karyotype constituents, 27.3% numerical abnormalities, all were Turner syndrome; pure and mosaic. Four cases (36.4%) showed male (XY) karyotype. The other four cases (36.4%) showed structural abnormalities, among which three cases showed X-associated structural abnormality and one case showed balanced translocation.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the need for cytogenetic analysis as an integral part of the diagnostic protocol in the case of PA for precise identification of chromosomal abnormalities; and for appropriate reproductive management. Early detection of abnormalities is necessary for guidance to reproductive options and genetic counselling.
Impact of COVID-19 on children
Authors: Amin Ulfat Amin , Parveen Asmat Parveen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 global pandemic has spread throughout the world, posing an extremely dangerous health risk for almost everyone. While dealing with such a large-scale viral disease, the healthcare infrastructure is under strain. Young adults who were thought to have been clinically affected fared better than their older counterparts. This pandemic has affected millions of children, especially those from low-economic backgrounds, who are otherwise highly susceptible and underprivileged. Children of frontline workers and single parents face particular challenges. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more vulnerable to infection and may experience long-lasting negative effects of the pandemic, such as child labor, child trafficking, child marriage, sexual exploitation, and even death. To lessen the psychological negative effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents, parents, physicians, psychologists, social workers, and hospital administrators, government and non-governmental organizations have essential responsibilities to play. Priority one is to ensure that all children from all socioeconomic strata have access to the necessities of life, including social security, health care, and education. Moreover, some positive changes may result from the global crisis. This research paper discusses the potential consequences of this pandemic.

Summary
Some of the hypotheses being investigated while looking at the low case fatality rate among pediatric age groups include the peak of immunity and differences in immune system response. The vulnerability of the comorbid pediatric age group, on the other hand, is comparable to that of their older counterparts. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome outbreaks, similar results were observed. The inoculation of a mother during pregnancy was found to be effective in protecting her progeny.

Results
This is a review article, thus not applicable.

Conclusions
Children are quite discouraged when school is abruptly stopped, when planned outings are canceled, when they are confined to the house, and when they are afraid of the unknown with regard to the continuing epidemic. Even though almost all studies suggest that COVID-19 has a relatively mild clinical manifestation in children, one must be cautious due to the novel coronavirus’s rapid mutation rate. More research is needed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and pediatric age groups.
Diagnostic accuracy, reliability, and reviewer agreement of a new proposed risk prediction model for metastatic cervical lymph node from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using MDCT
Authors: Alsowey Ahmed Mohamed , Amin Mohamed Ibrahim , Ebaid Noha Yahia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Nine-point risk scoring system for metastatic cervical lymph nodes has been developed to be incorporated into clinical practice for further management and better prognosis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is based on suspicious computed tomography (CT) scanning findings. This study aimed to assess the risk scoring system validity and reliability for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Results
The intra-class correlation (ICC) was utilized to assess the inter-observer agreement. We had 102 malignant lymph nodes and 60 benign lymph nodes based on histopathological results. Based on a lymph node (LN) based analysis regarding the LNs categorized as scores 4 to 9 for diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes, the risk scoring system had a sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy of 89.2 to 91.2%, 68.3 to 70%, and 82.1 to 83.3%, respectively, depending on the observer. The inter-reviewer agreement (IRA) for the total score was excellent (ICC = 0.936). The optimal cutoff value for diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes was > score 3.

Conclusions
Based on imaging findings, a risk scoring system for diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was validated. This risk scoring system is a valuable guide for better decision-making.
The urine albumin creatinine ratio is one of the predictors of acute kidney injury in hepatitis C-related cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Shahbah Hossam , Osman Osman Mohamed , Mostafa Sadek , Mohamed Abdelgawad Saied , Alashkar Ahmed , Radwan Mohamed Saad-Eldeen , Hussein Mohammed Salah , Alaboudy Alshimaa , Eliwa Ahmed , Elbahrawy Ashraf , Abdelhafeez Hafez 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background/objective
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a main manifestation of acute decompensation in liver cirrhosis. Recently, systemic inflammation was proposed as a key mechanism in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients. The urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) is considered a marker of systemic inflammation in a variety of clinical settings. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of the urine albumin creatinine ratio in the early prediction of AKI in HE.

Patients and methods
Sixty-seven consecutive patients presented with cirrhotic HE, and 59 age- and sex-matched cirrhotic patients with no history of HE served as controls. HE was defined and graded by the West Haven criteria. The severity of liver cirrhosis was evaluated by the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. The incidence of AKI that developed during hospital admission and the in-hospital mortality rate was estimated among HE patients. In addition, predictors of AKI were analyzed.

Results
The mean age of HE patients was 58.09±12.26 years; 36 (53.7%) were males, and 31 (46.3%) were females. Among HE patients, 16 (23.9%) developed AKI during hospital admission. The in-hospital mortality rate among HE patients was 22 (32.8%), the in-hospital mortality among HE-AKI patients was 81.3% (n=13/16), and UACR levels > 91.5 mg/g identified HE-AKI with 81.25% sensitivity (AUC = 0.85, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
Patients with cirrhotic HE are at high risk of AKI. HE-AKI patients had a high rate of in-hospital mortality. Estimation of UACR at hospital admission is suggested for the early detection of patients with HE-AKI.
Comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on indices of liver and muscle tissue in high-fat diet-induced male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sini Zahra Koohestani , Afzalpour Mohammad Esmaeil , Ahmadi Mohsen Mohammadnia , Sardar Mohammad Ali , Khaleghzadeh Homa , Gorgani-Firuzjaee Sattar , Hofmeister Martin , Akaras Esedullah , Azimkhani Amin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. It is shown that moderate to high physical activities can play a crucial role in improving this disease.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the levels of the myonectin in serum and tissue levels and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) in male rats with NAFLD.

Materials and methods
Thirty-three male rats were randomly divided into five groups: high-fat diet to confirm NAFLD induction (n = 5), normal diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet with HIIT (n = 7), and high-fat diet with MCIT (n = 7). Induction of NAFLD was performed by feeding rats for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet containing 60% fat. The training protocols were performed in five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The HIIT group has performed 4 × 4 min interval running on a treadmill up to 80–95% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and then recovered at 50–60% VO2max. The MICT protocol has performed up to 50–60% VO2max for 50 min. myonectin and FATP4 were also measured by the animal Elisa kit (Zellbio, Germany) with a sensitivity of 0.02 ng/L. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin resistance homeostasis assessment index using the following formula (HOMA-IR): “fasting glucose (mg/dl) × fasting in insulin (mg/L) ÷ 405”. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance was utilized for statistical analyses and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of p < 0.05.

Results
The 8-week intervention showed that both HIIT and MICT positively influenced the serum myonectin and FATP4 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the trained groups in tissue levels of the myonectin and serum levels of FATP4 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Altogether, both HIIT and MICT can lead to valuable adaptations and recovery of NAFLD in male rats.
Relationship between adjustment disorder symptoms and probable diagnosis before and after second lockdown in Israel: longitudinal symptom network analysis
Authors: Levin Yafit , Bachem Rahel , Goodwin Robin , Hamama-Raz Yaira , Leshem Elazar , Ben-Ezra Menachem 
Published: November 2022

Background
There is cumulative evidence of the importance of exploring the change of dynamics between symptoms over time as reflective of consolidation of psychopathology.

Aims
To explore the interactions between symptoms of ICD-11 adjustment disorder before and after the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel and identify the most central symptoms and their concurrent and prospective associations with probable adjustment disorder.

Method
This is a population-based study drawn from a probability-based internet panel. A representative sample of the adult Israeli population was assessed at two time points (T1, pre-second lockdown, n = 1029, response rate 76.17%; T2, post-second lockdown, n = 764, response rate 74.24%). Symptoms of adjustment disorder were assessed by the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ).

Results
Although the overall strength of associations at the two measurement points was similar and two same communities were found, there was a significant change in their structure, with a more consolidated network at T2. The most central item was ‘difficult to relax’ in both networks. Cross-sectionally, all symptoms of failure to adapt significantly predicted adjustment disorder. ‘Worry a lot more’ (preoccupation) and ‘difficult to adapt to life’ (failure to adapt) at T1 significantly predicted this diagnosis at T2.

Conclusions
Adjustment disorder symptoms consolidated during the second lockdown of the pandemic. In line with the ICD-11 conceptualisation of adjustment disorder, both preoccupation and failure-to-adapt symptoms have prognostic validity. This highlights the importance of identifying and targeting adjustment disorder symptoms during a period of stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Glial Cell Missing Homolog 2 Mutation Causing Severe Hypoparathyroidism: Report of Two Cases With Novel Mutations
Authors: Singhania Pankaj , Ghosh Arunava , Das Debaditya , Bhattacharjee Rana , Roy Ajitesh , Chowdhury Subhankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a common encounter in endocrinology practice. A thorough search for the etiology is generally futile, and most cases are labeled as idiopathic. Familial idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a large chunk of these idiopathic cases. Here we present 2 cases who presented with features of hypocalcemia and were eventually diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. Our first case is that of a middle-age woman who presented with spontaneous tetany and perioral numbness. She had very low serum calcium values, low serum magnesium, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, and undetectable parathormone levels. She was initially managed with parenteral calcium, magnesium, and oral potassium chloride, which was shifted to oral replacements once stabilized. Focused exome sequencing for causes of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia revealed a frameshift mutation in glial cell missing homolog 2 (GCM2) (NM_004752.4) on chromosome 6, c737dupA variant (p. Asp246Glufs*25) located at exon 5. The second case presented is that of a 1-month-old infant presenting with hypocalcemic seizures, severe hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and low parathormone levels. The infant was stabilized with parenteral calcium and trial of subcutaneous teriparatide for further improvement. Oral calcium and calcitriol were instituted once stabilized, and teriparatide was tapered off. Focused exome sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation involving GCM2 (ENST0000379491.5) on chromosome 6, variant CM2 chr6:10876558_10877139insT located on exon1-2. Both of these mutations are novel and underscore the profound effect of GCM2 on parathyroid gland development in infants and maintenance in adults.
Pheochromocytoma-induced Subarachnoid and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Agoubi Lauren L , Khot Sandeep P , Failor R Alan , Zern Nicole K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPheochromocytomas are rare adrenal tumors that are often diagnosed in workup for endocrine causes of refractory hypertension, as an incidental imaging finding, or in patients with classic symptoms of headache, palpitations, and/or diaphoresis. We describe a case of pheochromocytoma presenting in a 63-year-old woman with spontaneous and multifocal subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage without underlying vasculopathy. The patient previously had no documented episodes of hypertension and took no regular medications. She experienced sudden-onset severe headache and presented with hypertensive crisis. Cranial imaging showed bifrontal and right temporal convexal subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage of unknown etiology. Cranial arterial catheterization showed no vascular malformation underlying the site of hemorrhage. Given concern for potential malignant etiology, cross-sectional body imaging was performed that revealed a 7-cm right adrenal heterogeneous mass. Biochemical workup demonstrated markedly elevated plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels, diagnostic of pheochromocytoma. She underwent α- and β-blockade, and evaluation with a multidisciplinary team including repeat intracranial imaging to ensure resolution of the intracranial bleeding before definitive surgical management. She then underwent successful laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This case demonstrates that the workup of cryptogenic intracranial hemorrhage and hypertensive crisis should include evaluation for catecholamine-secreting tumors.
Expression and Clinical Significance of Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the Subtypes of Papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhang Shanshan , Li Qinghuai 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the expression of TSH receptors (TSHR) in various subtypes of Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) by immunohistochemistry.
Methods: Retrospective analyses were carried out to the clinical data of 108 PTC patients randomly admitted into the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to December 2020. The archived paraffin blocks of the 108 cases as well as 18 contiguous normal thyroid tissues (control group) were taken from the Department of Pathology of The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The pathological types of all PTC tissues were detected and the expression of TSHR was determined.
Results: TSHR expression was 86.11% positive in PTC tissues; with 85.00% positive in classical group; with 75.86% positive in micro group; with 84.61% positive in follicular group; with 83.33% positive in oncocytic group; with 50.00% positive in invasive group. TSHR expression was 100% in normal thyroid tissues. So TSHR expression in normal thyroid tissues is significantly higher than that in PTC; TSHR expression in microcarcinoma is stronger than in the other subtypes; there is no significant difference among the other subtypes.
Conclusions: TSH suppression works better on microcarcinoma than on the other subtypes. And the effects on non-invasive subtypes are better than on invasive subtypes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6096
How to cite this: Shen W, Zhang S, Li Q. Expression and Clinical Significance of Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the Subtypes of Papillary thyroid carcinomas. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6096
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.