bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between six dietary habits and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Deng Yunyang , Huang Junjie , Wong Martin C. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Diet is reported to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether there is a causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential causal associations between dietary habits and HCC risk using Mendelian randomization in an East Asian population. From the BioBank Japan, we obtained summary‐level genome‐wide association studies data for the following six dietary habits: ever/never drinker (n = 165,084), alcohol consumption (n = 58,610), coffee consumption (n = 152,634), tea consumption (n = 152,653), milk consumption (n = 152,965), and yoghurt consumption (n = 152,097). We also obtained data on HCC (1866 cases and 195,745 controls). Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with exposures (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Five, two, and six SNPs were identified for ever/never drinkers, alcohol consumption, and coffee consumption. One SNP was used for consumption of tea, milk, and yoghurt. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by inverse variance weighted (for an IV with more than one SNP) or Wald ratio (for an IV with one SNP). Ever/never drinkers (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.18; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.32–1.86; p < 0.001) were positively associated with HCC risk. Conversely, coffee consumption was inversely related to HCC risk (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53–0.90; p = 0.007). Similar inverse associations were observed for consumption of tea, milk, and yoghurt, with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.11 (0.05–0.26), 0.18 (0.09–0.34), and 0.18 (0.09–0.34), respectively (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: There are potential causal associations between six dietary habits and HCC risk. Our findings inform clinical practice by providing evidence on the impact of dietary habits on HCC.
Modelling daily transmission losses in basin‐scale river system models under changing hydrological regimes
Authors: Kim Shaun S. H. , Hughes Justin D. , Marshall Lucy A. , Petheram Cuan , Sharma Ashish , Vaze Jai , Crosbie Russell S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith rising concerns for water security and increasing interest in water resource development, accounting for river transmission losses in arid/semi‐arid region water budgets is a crucial yet challenging task. Transmission losses are usually confounded with many different processes and exacerbated by hydrologic and climatic non‐stationarity. A common deficiency in existing basin‐scale river system loss models is the poor representation of dynamic river losses into groundwater. To address this, a new conceptual model was developed to represent relevant river processes including rainfall to runoff transformation, river loss/gain to groundwater, river rainfall/evaporation and routing on a reach‐by‐reach basis. A critical process of the model is the exchange of water between the river and a groundwater store, called the river bed/bank store. The exchange to groundwater typically occurs with relatively high river volumes. Conversely, the store can discharge water back to the river when river volumes are relatively low. The model is designed to be transposable between different time‐periods, such as pre‐ and post‐development scenarios, assuming sufficient data exist during calibration. Using explicit Bayesian formulations, calibrations were performed against observed streamflow and remotely sensed evapotranspiration data. The new loss model was investigated using a test case in the Cooper Creek, Australia. The model performed overall better than a benchmark (flow vs. loss) model in a range of calibration/validation metrics. The new model provides river state and flux terms typically not available in basin‐scale models, and thus, is expected to be valuable during calibration/validation by allowing the use of alternative observed data types, for example, actual evapotranspiration or groundwater observations. Moreover, these extra terms could be very beneficial to water budget and ecological assessment studies.
The seventh solution: A commentary on Byers‐Heinlein, Bergmann, and Savalei (2022)
Authors: Sirois Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe target paper proposes six solutions to increase the reliability of infant research, with expected benefits for robustness and replicability. In this commentary, I highlight that signal detection theory can help the framing of reliability issues, and that reliability does not address the core problem of internal validity. The relative merits and challenges of the six solutions are reviewed. A seventh solution is proposed to address the validity issue that remained overlooked. The lack of general theories about the infant mind is probably the biggest obstacle to progress in the field. Instead of whether questions, asking how questions should be at the forefront of future research.
Resveratrol improves estrus disorder induced by bisphenol A through attenuating oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis
Authors: Jiao Jun‐Heng , Gao Lei , Yong Wen‐Long , Kou Zhong‐Yun , Ren Zhi‐Qiang , Cai Rui , Chu Gui‐Yan , Pang Wei‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), as a widely used plasticizer, is easily absorbed by animals and humans. It has certain toxic effects on various tissues, including liver, heart, kidney, testis, and ovary. The toxic effects of BPA on animal reproduction have aroused widespread concern, but its regulatory mechanism and antidote in female animals estrus cycle remain unclear. In this study, the results displayed that BPA destroyed the normal estrus cycle of mice through decreasing the levels of progesterone and estradiol. Furthermore, BPA significantly increased the levels of oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ovaries and granulosa cells. Interestingly, we found that the natural antioxidant resveratrol rescued estrus disorder and impaired estradiol secretion, reduced the abnormal reactive oxygen species accumulation, autophagy, and apoptosis in BPA exposed ovarian tissues. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that resveratrol reduced BPA‐induced autophagic vesicles formation and flow cytometry showed that resveratrol inhibited the increase of apoptotic cells induced by BPA on granulosa cells. Therefore, the supplement of resveratrol could restore BPA‐induced estrus disorder by protecting ovarian granulosa cells. Overall, resveratrol is a potential drug to alleviate BPA‐induced estrous cycle disorders and ovarian damage.
Risk Factors for Tigecycline‐Associated Hepatotoxicity in Patients in the Intensive Care Units of 2 Tertiary Hospitals: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Huang Xuhui , Liu Qinghua , Feng Hangwei , Huang Yiting , Lin Jian , Huang Long , Chen Shufang , Zhuang Yingfeng , Weng Cuilian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTigecycline is a broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent. As the incidence of multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections has increased in intensive care units (ICUs) over the past decades, tigecycline is often used in ICUs. Information about tigecycline‐associated hepatotoxicity in ICU patients is limited. To investigate the potential risk factors for tigecycline‐associated hepatotoxicity in ICU patients, 148 patients from 2 centers who had received tigecycline for at least 4 days were retrospectively analyzed. Hepatotoxicity was classified according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (5.0) grading system. As a result, 33.8% of patients experienced hepatotoxicity events in the ICU. The multivariate analysis showed that an albumin concentration <25 g/L at baseline (odds ratio, 3.714; 95%CI, 1.082‐12.744; P = .037) and treatment duration (odds ratio, 1.094; 95%CI, 1.032‐1.160; P = .003) were significantly correlated with tigecycline‐associated hepatotoxicity. The median time to onset of hepatotoxicity was 8.0 days. The median duration ICU stay and the in‐hospital mortality rate were not different between the hepatotoxicity group and the nonhepatotoxicity group (33.5 days (interquartile range, 21.0‐72.0) vs 31.0 days (interquartile range, 21‐62.5), P = .850; 38.0% vs 43.8%; P = .504). Therefore, close monitoring of liver function is recommended for patients with baseline albumin concentrations <25 g/L or for patients who receive tigecycline therapy for >8 days.
Right ventricular postsystolic shortening: Resolution after opening a totally occluded right coronary artery
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Karaji Iman , Skromme Kaia , Øksnes Anja , Larsen Terje H. , Bleie Øyvind 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcute myocardial ischemia induces reduced systolic shortening and causes postsystolic shortening (PSS). Right ventricular (RV) PSS in coronary artery disease has been less studied. We present here the case of a 51‐year‐old woman admitted with a non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and significant PSS in the RV free‐wall segments on two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, suggesting ongoing ischemia. A cardiac CT demonstrated occluded proximal right coronary artery with a low‐attenuated/soft plaque, confirmed by coronary angiography which was treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. At 3‐week follow‐up, there was complete resolution of the RV‐PSS, with a more synchronized pattern of maximum myocardial shortening at systole.
Atmospheric circulation types controlling rainfall in the Central American Isthmus
Authors: Sáenz Fernán , Hidalgo Hugo G. , Muñoz Ángel G. , Alfaro Eric J. , Amador Jorge A. , Vázquez‐Aguirre Jorge L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRainfall mechanisms in the Central American Isthmus are controlled by complex physical interactions across spatial and temporal scales, which are reflected on the dynamics of atmospheric circulation patterns affecting the region. However, physical mechanisms and their relationships with thermodynamic distributions connected to overturning circulations remain elusive. Here, a set of six recurrent daily atmospheric patterns, or weather types (WT), is defined using a k‐means++ clustering algorithm on standardized fields of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and winds at 925, 850, and 200 hPa. The relationships between these weather types, their temporal characteristics, and anomalous distributions of moisture flux divergence, equivalent potential temperature (saturated and unsaturated), and observed rainfall are used to describe physical processes controlling the latter, for all seasons. Regional observed rainfall is analysed from a set of 174 automatic stations from all countries from Mexico to Panama. By modulating vertically integrated moisture fluxes, these weather types, and the different climate drivers linked to them, control the temporal and spatial rainfall characteristics in the region, especially over the Pacific side of the isthmus. During some stages of the regional rainy season, described by two weather types, thermal anomalies in convective quasi‐equilibrium characteristic of the upward branch of the Hadley cell force westerly flow over Central America, enhancing rainfall. While during other stages, the enhancement of the trades and the displacement of convection to the ITCZ area over the eastern tropical Pacific, characteristic of the midsummer drought, diminishes rainfall. This study sets the stage for a better understanding of the mechanistic relationship between these weather types and rainfall characteristics in general, like onset, demise, and duration of rainy seasons. Hence, these results can inform process‐based model diagnostics aiming at bias‐correcting climate predictions at multiple timescales.
Diverse middle school students’ future career autobiographies and socioeconomic status factors: A content analysis
Authors: Cook Jennifer M. , Storlie Cassandra A. , McDonald James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe future career autobiography (FCA) is a narrative, discovery‐based career intervention designed to assess individuals’ career hopes and dreams. In total, 134 low‐income, ethnically and racially diverse middle school students participated in an FCA intervention through a yearlong grant‐funded career development initiative. Using content analysis, we analyzed participants’ FCAs for socioeconomic status factors and lifestyle indicators. We found that participants articulated occupational and lifestyle factors more than education and income, and that there were differences based on biological sex, race, and ethnicity. We present pertinent results and discuss implications for counseling practice and future research.
A New Approach for Evaluating Palatine Tonsillar Hypertrophy in Children Based on Ultrasound: A Pilot Study
Authors: Geng Chenchen , Tian Shuxu , Song Qian , Yang Liu , Li Ye , Wang Huihui , Tian Xueping , Ge Ling 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo develop a novel ultrasound (US) plane to diagnose palatine tonsillar hypertrophy objectively in children.MethodsTonsillar ultrasonography of children (age 2–14 years) who had a clinical diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy or not were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical data (including gender, age, body mass index (BMI)), and volume (V) of tonsils measured by the US, were recorded. Furthermore, we found a new US plane to diagnose tonsillar hypertrophy and named it the submental oblique cross‐section. In this plane, diameters of the left tonsil, right tonsil, and central oropharynx were designated as T1, T2, and O. Then, we calculated the ratio by the formula (T1 + T2)/O.ResultsA total of 172 cases (85 hypertrophy and 87 non‐hypertrophy) were included in this study. There were no significant differences in gender (P = .844), age (P = .666), and BMI (P = .089) between the groups. In the non‐hypertrophy group, the V of both sides had a positive linear correlation with age or BMI. In contrast, there was no linear correlation between ratio and age or BMI. The area under the curve (AUC) of ratio and V was 0.970 (95%CI: 0.947–0.993) and 0.835 (95%CI: 0.778–0.893) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of ratio for diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy was 2.293 (sensitivity = 88.2%, specificity = 95.4%).ConclusionsWe established a new US section to evaluate tonsillar hypertrophy. This approach could be easily acquired and provide a reference value to guide clinical practice.
Thyroid Nodule Margin Assessment Using ACR TI‐RADS: Adding Points for Macrolobulation Impairs Performance
Authors: Haug Logan P. , Dahiya Nirvikar , Young Scott W. , Patel Maitray D. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveWe evaluated the performance of ACR TI‐RADS when points for lobulated margins are applied only when the margins meet a quantified measure of margin microlobulation and not applied when nodules only demonstrate macrolobulation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed ultrasound and pathology records (May 01, 2018 to July 31, 2020) to find all thyroid nodules at one institution characterized as having lobulated margins using the ACR TI‐RADS lexicon and subsequently undergoing fine needle aspiration (FNA). Nodule margins were evaluated to note the presence or absence of microlobulation, quantitatively defined as a protrusion with a base <2.5 mm in length. The impact to detection of malignant nodules and avoidance of benign FNA when margin points for lobulation were added only when microlobulated was analyzed.Results58 of 516 thyroid nodules undergoing US‐guided FNA were classified as lobulated, comprising the study population. 21 (36.2%) had microlobulated margins, with 12 of the 21 (57.1%) being malignant. Comparatively, of the 37 nodules showing only macrolobulated margins without microlobulation, only 2 (5.4%) were malignant (P < .0001). For 53 nodules ≥10 mm, 15 (28.3%) benign nodules would not have met size criteria for FNA had points for margins not been applied when only showing macrolobulation, whereas all 10 malignant nodules would still have been sampled.ConclusionAdding two points to the ACR TI‐RADS score for lobulated thyroid nodules should only apply when microlobulations are present.
Transvaginal Two‐Dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation as a Screening Tool for Levator ani Muscle Avulsion in Postpartum Women
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang HuiFang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the agreement between two‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D‐TVUS) and transperineal tomographic ultrasound imaging on three‐dimensional (3D) volume in diagnosing levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion of postpartum women. Furthermore, we tested the repeatability of the 2D‐TVUS in measuring the LAM thickness.MethodsA retrospective study was performed using the data sets from postpartum women. One doctor measured the thickness of the LAM on the images at the attachment to the arcus tendinous levator ani and the middle part using the 2D‐TVUS ultrasound data sets of postpartum women. These women were examined twice, at 42–56 days and 3–6 months postpartum. Intra‐observer repeatability was expressed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The other doctor judged whether there was avulsion in the LAM on the 2D‐TVUS and transperineal tomography imaging on the 3D volume. The inter‐method agreement was determined using Cohen's kappa coefficient (k).ResultsThickness measurements of the middle part and attachment of the LAM by 2D‐TVUS showed excellent and good intra‐observer repeatability (ICC 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76–0.88, and ICC 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67–0.84, respectively). The overall agreement was 92% (Cohen's kappa was 0.79) between 2D‐TVUS and transperineal tomographic imaging. Compared to transperineal tomographic imaging in the diagnosis of LAM avulsion, the diagnostic sensitivity of 2D‐TVUS was 91.7%, the specificity was 92.1%.ConclusionsThe 2D‐TVUS technique, a simple and reproducible method for assessing LAM avulsion, may be helpful as a screening tool for LAM avulsion of postpartum women.
Amelioration of glucose intolerance through directly acting antiviral agents in chronic hepatitis C cirrhotic patients without overt diabetes
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Lin Yi‐Hung , Liang Po‐Cheng , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Liu Ta‐Wei , Wei Yu‐Ju , Hsu Po‐Yao , Yang Jeng‐Fu , Hou Nai‐Jen , Wang Chih‐Wen , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication through antivirals ameliorates metabolic profiles. The changes in 2‐h plasma glucose (2HPG) levels by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who receive directly acting antivirals (DAAs) was elusive. Five hundred and thirty‐three CHC patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR, undetectable HCV RNA throughout 3 months after the end‐of‐treatment) by DAAs were consecutively enrolled. Pre‐ and posttreatment 2HPG levels and glucose status were compared. The proportion of patients with improved, worsened, and stable 2HPG was 14.4% (n = 77), 18.6% (n = 99), and 67.0% (n = 357), respectively. Compared with patients with worsening 2HPG, those with improved 2HPG had a higher proportion of cirrhosis (45.5% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.004) and higher pretreatment 2HPG levels (175.3 vs. 129.5 mg/dl, p < 0.001). High baseline 2HPG was independently associated with improved 2HPG in multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]/CI: 1.05/1.03–1.06, p < 0.001). When baseline 2HPG was not taken into account, cirrhosis was the only factor independently associated with improved 2HPG status (OR/CI: 2.58/1.29–5.15, p = 0.007). Linear regression analysis revealed that factors independently correlated to changes in 2HPG levels were female sex (β: 8.78; 95% CI:2.34, 15.22; p = 0.01), diabetes (β: −27.72; 95% CI: −50.16, −5.28; p = 0.02), liver cirrhosis (β: −8.91; 95% CI: −16.75, −2.20; p = 0.01), and genotype 1 of HCV (β: −0.12; 95% CI: −15.19, −2.43; p = 0.01). 2HPG improved after HCV eradication by DAAs, particularly in cirrhotic patients.
The AMSTAR‐2 critical appraisal tool and editorial decision‐making for systematic reviews: Retrospective, bibliometric study
Authors: Chapman Stephen J. , Dossa Fahima , de Groof E. Joline , Keane Celia , van Ramshorst Gabrielle H. , Smart Neil J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAMSTAR‐2 is a critical appraisal instrument for systematic reviews and may have a role in editorial processes. This study explored whether associations exist between AMSTAR‐2 assessments and editorial decisions. A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of manuscripts submitted to a single journal between 2015 and 2017 was undertaken. All submissions that reported an eligible systematic review were assessed using AMSTAR‐2 by two assessors. Inter‐rater agreement (IRR) was calculated for all AMSTAR‐2 items. Associations between AMSTAR‐2 assessments and the editorial decision, final publication status in any journal, and measures of impact were explored. One hundred and twenty‐two manuscripts were included. Across all AMSTAR‐2 items, the IRR varied from 0.03 (slight agreement) to 0.82 (substantial agreement). All submissions contained at least two critical methodological weaknesses. There was no difference in the number of weaknesses (median: 4; IQR: 3–5 vs. median: 4; IQR: 3.5–4.5; p = 0.482) between accepted and rejected submissions. Neither was there a difference between rejected submissions published elsewhere and those which remained unpublished (median: 4; IQR: 3.5–4.5 vs. median: 4; IQR: 4.5–5; p = 0.103). The number of weaknesses was not associated with academic impact. There was no association with AMSTAR‐2 assessments and editorial outcomes. Further work is required to explore whether the instrument can be prospectively operationalized for use during editorial processes.
Quantification and visualization of aerosols in ear, nose, and throat exam and flexible laryngoscopy
Authors: B. Cardin Guillaume , Rivest Dominic , Ayad Tareck , Robert Étienne , Rahal Akram , Christopoulos Apostolos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and visualize aerosol generation during ear, nose, and throat (ENT) exam and flexible laryngoscopy, as safety recommendations are currently to defer routine and low‐priority examinations.MethodsAerosols generated during ENT examination and flexible laryngoscopy were quantified by laser aerosol spectrometry and visualized live by high‐speed imaging during those procedures for three participants who were tested three times for each test.ResultsRoutine ENT examination and flexible laryngoscopy produce aerosols at levels comparable to normal breathing and speech.ConclusionDuring ENT examination and flexible laryngoscopy, the practitioner should wear a surgical mask and potentially contaminated surfaces should be cleaned after the procedure. For flexible laryngoscopy, it is recommended in addition that the patient wear a mask over the mouth in case the procedure induces a sneeze. The time during which the patient is unmasked should be minimized. In these settings, the risk to the practitioner is minimal unless the patient is sneezing or symptomatic.Level of Evidence1