bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity among postsecondary international students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Amoyaw Jonathan , Pandey Mamata , Maina Geoffrey , Li Yiyan , Nkrumah Daniel Owusu 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionInternational students make significant contributions to their host institutions and countries. Yet research shows that not all international students have the financial means to fend for themselves and meet their financial obligations for the entire study programme. Such students are at significant risk of food insecurity. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise available information on the factors related to food insecurity among international students studying at postsecondary educational institutions and identify the types of food insecurity interventions that have been implemented to address this issue.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will be used to guide this scoping review, and we will search the following databases: MEDLINE (through Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, ERIC (via Ovid), PROSPERO and ProQuest. The titles, abstracts, and subsequently full texts of the selected papers will then be screened against the inclusion criteria. Data from articles included in the review will be extracted using a data charting form and will be summarised in a tabular form. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes that thread through the selected studies and will be guided by the steps developed by Terryet al.Ethics and disseminationSince this project entails a review of available literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be presented at academic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. To make the findings more accessible, they will also be distributed via digital communication platforms.
Interprofessional survey on medication reconciliation activities in the US Department of Veterans’ Affairs: development and validation of an Implementation Readiness Questionnaire
Authors: Lesselroth Blake , Church Victoria Lee , Adams Kathleen , Mixon Amanda , Richmond-Aylor Amy , Glasscock Naomi , Wiedrick Jack 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMedication reconciliation (MR) can detect medication history discrepancies at interfaces-in-care and help avoid downstream adverse drug events. However, organisations have struggled to implement high-quality MR programmes. The literature has identified systems barriers, including technology capabilities and data interoperability. However, organisational culture as a root cause has been underexplored.ObjectivesOur objectives were to develop an implementation readiness questionnaire and measure staff attitudes towards MR across a healthcare enterprise.MethodsWe developed and distributed a questionnaire to 170 Veterans’ Health Affairs (VHA) sites using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software. The questionnaire contained 21 Likert-scale items that measured three constructs, such as: (1) the extent that clinicians valued MR; (2) perceptions of workflow compatibility and (3) perceptions concerning organisational climate of implementation.Results8704 clinicians and staff responded to our questionnaire (142 of 170 VHA facilities). Most staff believed reconciling medications can improve medication safety (approximately 90% agreed it was ‘important’). However, most (approximately 90%) also expressed concerns about changes to their workflow. One-third of respondents prioritised other duties over MR and reported barriers associated with implementation climate. Only 47% of respondents agreed they had enough resources to address discrepancies when identified.InterpretationOur findings indicate that an MR readiness assessment can forecast challenges and inform development of a context-sensitive implementation bundle. Clinicians surveyed struggled with resources, technology challenges and implementation climate. A strong campaign should include clear leadership messaging, credible champions and resources to overcome technical challenges.ConclusionsThis manuscript provides a method to conduct a readiness assessment and highlights the importance of organisational culture in an MR campaign. The data can help assess site or network readiness for an MR change management programme.
Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using Proteomics Profiling
Authors: Shimada Yuichi J. , Raita Yoshihiko , Liang Lusha W. , Maurer Mathew S. , Hasegawa Kohei , Fifer Michael A. , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often causes major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), for example, arrhythmias, stroke, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Currently, there are no models available to predict MACE. Furthermore, it remains unclear which signaling pathways mediate MACE. Therefore, we aimed to prospectively determine protein biomarkers that predict MACE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and to identify signaling pathways differentially regulated in patients who subsequently develop MACE.

Methods:
In this multi-centre prospective cohort study of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we conducted plasma proteomics profiling of 4979 proteins upon enrollment. We developed a proteomics-based model to predict MACE using data from one institution (training set). We tested the predictive ability in independent samples from the other institution (test set) and performed time-to-event analysis. Additionally, we executed pathway analysis of predictive proteins using a false discovery rate threshold of <0.001.

Results:

The study included 245 patients (n=174 in the training set and n=71 in the test set). Using the proteomics-based model to predict MACE derived from the training set, the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68–0.93) in the test set. In the test set, the high-risk group determined by the proteomics-based predictive model had a significantly higher rate of developing MACE (hazard ratio, 13.6 [95% CI, 1.7–107];
P
=0.01). The
Ras
-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway was upregulated in patients who subsequently developed MACE (false discovery rate<1.0×10
-7
). Pathways involved in inflammation and fibrosis—for example, the TGF (transforming growth factor)-β pathway—were also upregulated.

Conclusions:

This study serves as the first to demonstrate the ability of proteomics profiling to predict MACE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, exhibiting both novel (eg,
Ras
-MAPK) and known (eg, TGF-β) pathways differentially regulated in patients who subsequently experience MACE.
Machine Learning From Quantitative Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Fractional Flow Reserve–Defined Ischemia and Impaired Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: Lin Andrew , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Motwani Manish , McElhinney Priscilla , Otaki Yuka , Han Donghee , Kwan Alan , Tzolos Evangelos , Klein Eyal , Kuronuma Keiichiro , Grodecki Kajetan , Shou Benjamin , Rios Richard , Manral Nipun , Cadet Sebastien , Danad Ibrahim , Driessen Roel S. , Berman Daniel S. , Nørgaard Bjarne L. , Slomka Piotr J. , Knaapen Paul , Dey Damini 
Published: October 2022

Background:
A pathophysiological interplay exists between plaque morphology and coronary physiology. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being applied to coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for cardiovascular risk stratification. We sought to assess the performance of a ML score integrating CCTA-based quantitative plaque features for predicting vessel-specific ischemia by invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) and impaired myocardial blood flow (MBF) by positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods:

This post-hoc analysis of the PACIFIC trial (Prospective Comparison of Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography [CT]‚ Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/CT Perfusion Imaging and CT Coronary Angiography with Invasive Coronary Angiography) included 208 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who prospectively underwent CCTA‚ [
15
O]H
2
O PET, and invasive FFR. Plaque quantification from CCTA was performed using semiautomated software. An ML algorithm trained on the prospective NXT trial (484 vessels) was used to develop a ML score for the prediction of ischemia (FFR≤0.80), which was then evaluated in 581 vessels from the PACIFIC trial. Thereafter, the ML score was applied for predicting impaired hyperemic MBF (≤2.30 mL/min per g) from corresponding PET scans. The performance of the ML score was compared with CCTA reads and noninvasive FFR derived from CCTA (FFR
CT
).

Results:

One hundred thirty-nine (23.9%) vessels had FFR-defined ischemia, and 195 (33.6%) vessels had impaired hyperemic MBF. For the prediction of FFR-defined ischemia, the ML score yielded an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.92, which was significantly higher than that of visual stenosis grade (0.84;
P
<0.001) and comparable with that of FFR
CT
(0.93;
P
=0.34). Quantitative percent diameter stenosis and low-density noncalcified plaque volume had the greatest ML feature importance for predicting FFR-defined ischemia. When applied for impaired MBF prediction, the ML score exhibited an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.80; significantly higher than visual stenosis grade (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.74;
P
=0.02) and comparable with FFR
CT
(area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.77;
P
=0.16).

Conclusions:

An externally validated ML score integrating CCTA-based quantitative plaque features accurately predicts FFR-defined ischemia and impaired MBF by PET, performing superiorly to standard CCTA stenosis evaluation and comparably to FFR
CT
.
Different Associations of Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index With Cardiac Structure and Function in Young Children
Authors: Wu Yujian , Li Zhuoyan , Du Bowen , Ye Yujiao , Wang Hualin , Niu Yiwei , Chen Sun , Wu Yurong , Jin Hong , Zhang Xi , Wang Jian , Sun Kun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Both elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and excess weight can lead to early cardiovascular organ damage in children. In this study, we investigated whether there is a difference in the associations of SBP and body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular structure and function in 4-year-old children.

Methods:

In 1474 children (52.3% males) from the Shanghai Birth Cohort, physical examination and echocardiography were performed. Standardized linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of BMI
Z
score and SBP
Z
score with cardiovascular parameters and to compare the strengths of these associations.

Results:

The incidence of SBP elevation significantly increased in overweight children. SBP was positively related to heart rate, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fraction shortening (β=1.824 [95% CI, 1.014–2.634], 0.579 [0.294–0.864], and 0.480 [0.257–0.704], respectively). BMI
Z
score was positively associated with LV mass index (β=1.225 [0.863–1.587]) and the risk of LV hypertrophy (odds ratio=1.428 [1.157–1.761]) but negatively related to measures of systolic function, including LV ejection fraction, LV fraction short, and global longitudinal strain (β=−0.417 [−0.735 to −0.099], −0.302 [−0.551 to −0.053], and −0.392 [−0.621 to −0.163], respectively). No noteworthy additive or multiplicative interactions between BMI and SBP were detected.

Conclusions:
Elevations in both BMI and SBP were related to cardiac structure and function in children as young as 4 years old. Elevated SBP was associated with increased heart rate and LV ejection at the early stage of BP elevation. BMI showed a closer relationship with left heart diameters and geometry than SBP.
GSDMD (Gasdermin D) Mediates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy and Generates a Feed-Forward Amplification Cascade via Mitochondria-STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) Axis
Authors: Han Jibo , Dai Shanshan , Zhong Lingfeng , Shi Xiaowen , Fan Xiaoxi , Zhong Xin , Lin Wante , Su Lan , Lin Shuang , Han Bingjiang , Xu Jianjiang , Hong Xia , Huang Weijian , Ye Bozhi 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Cardiac hypertrophy is initially an adaptive response of cardiomyocytes to neurohumoral or hemodynamic stimuli. Evidence indicates that Ang II (angiotensin II) or pressure overload causes GSDMD (gasdermin D) activation in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues. However, the direct impact of GSDMD on cardiac hypertrophy and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Methods and Results:
In this study, we examined the aberrant activation of GSDMD in mouse and human hypertrophic myocardia, and the results showed that GSDMD deficiency reduced Ang II or pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and associated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in mice. Mechanistically, Ang II–mediated GSDMD cleavage caused mitochondrial dysfunction upstream of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) activation in vivo and in vitro. Activation of STING, in turn, potentiated GSDMD-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, deficiency of both GSDMD and STING suppressed cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac-specific GSDMD-overexpressing mice.

Conclusions:
Based on these findings, we propose a mechanism by which GSDMD generates a self-amplifying, positive feed-forward loop with the mitochondria-STING axis. This finding points to the prospects of GSDMD as a key therapeutic target for hypertrophy-associated heart diseases.
Fingolimod Does Not Reduce Infarction After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice During Active or Inactive Circadian Phases
Authors: Mandeville Emiri T. , Li Wenlu , Quinto-Alemany David , Zhang Fang , Esposito Elga , Nakano Takafumi , Mandeville Joseph B. , Lee Janice , Park Ji Hyun , Arai Ken , Waeber Christian , Lizasoain Ignacio , Moro María Ángeles , Lo Eng H. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
It has been reported that the S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) receptor modulator fingolimod reduces infarction in rodent models of stroke. Recent studies have suggested that circadian rhythms affect stroke and neuroprotection. Therefore, this study revisited the use of fingolimod in mouse focal cerebral ischemia to test the hypothesis that efficacy might depend on whether experiments were performed during the inactive sleep or active wake phases of the circadian cycle.

Methods:
Two different stroke models were implemented in male C57Bl/6 mice—transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Occlusion occurred either during inactive or active circadian phases. Mice were treated with 1 mg/kg fingolimod at 30- or 60-minute postocclusion and 1 day later for permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, respectively. Infarct volume, brain swelling, hemorrhagic transformation, and behavioral outcome were assessed at 2 or 3 days poststroke. Three independent experiments were performed in 2 different laboratories.

Results:
Fingolimod decreased peripheral lymphocyte number in naive mice, as expected. However, it did not significantly affect infarct volume, brain swelling, hemorrhagic transformation, or behavioral outcome at 2 or 3 days after transient or permanent focal cerebral ischemia during inactive or active circadian phases of stroke onset.

Conclusions:
Outcomes were not improved by fingolimod in either transient or permanent focal cerebral ischemia during both active and inactive circadian phases. These negative findings suggest that further testing of fingolimod in clinical trials may not be warranted unless translational studies can identify factors associated with fingolimod’s efficacy or lack thereof.
Multimodal multilayer network centrality relates to executive functioning
Authors: Breedt Lucas C. , Santos Fernando A. N. , Hillebrand Arjan , Reneman Liesbeth , van Rootselaar Anne-Fleur , Schoonheim Menno M. , Stam Cornelis J. , Ticheler Anouk , Tijms Betty M. , Veltman Dick J. , Vriend Chris , Wagenmakers Margot J. , van Wingen Guido A. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Schrantee Anouk , Douw Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExecutive functioning (EF) is a higher order cognitive process that is thought to depend on a network organization facilitating integration across subnetworks, in the context of which the central role of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) has been described across imaging and neurophysiological modalities. However, the potentially complementary unimodal information on the relevance of the FPN for EF has not yet been integrated. We employ a multilayer framework to allow for integration of different modalities into one ‘network of networks.’ We used diffusion MRI, resting-state functional MRI, MEG, and neuropsychological data obtained from 33 healthy adults to construct modality-specific single-layer networks as well as a single multilayer network per participant. We computed single-layer and multilayer eigenvector centrality of the FPN as a measure of integration in this network and examined their associations with EF. We found that higher multilayer FPN centrality, but not single-layer FPN centrality, was related to better EF. We did not find a statistically significant change in explained variance in EF when using the multilayer approach as compared to the single-layer measures. Overall, our results show the importance of FPN integration for EF and underline the promise of the multilayer framework toward better understanding cognitive functioning.
Sex differences in multilayer functional network topology over the course of aging in 37543 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Mijalkov Mite , Veréb Dániel , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Canal-Garcia Anna , Gómez-Ruiz Emiliano , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Romeo Stefano , Volpe Giovanni , Pereira Joana B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, with considerable societal and economic implications. Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in functional connectivity between and within resting-state functional networks, which have been associated with cognitive decline. However, there is no consensus on the impact of sex on these age-related functional trajectories. Here, we show that multilayer measures provide crucial information on the interaction between sex and age on network topology, allowing for better assessment of cognitive, structural, and cardiovascular risk factors that have been shown to differ between men and women, as well as providing additional insights into the genetic influences on changes in functional connectivity that occur during aging. In a large cross-sectional sample of 37,543 individuals from the UK Biobank cohort, we demonstrate that such multilayer measures that capture the relationship between positive and negative connections are more sensitive to sex-related changes in the whole-brain connectivity patterns and their topological architecture throughout aging, when compared to standard connectivity and topological measures. Our findings indicate that multilayer measures contain previously unknown information on the relationship between sex and age, which opens up new avenues for research into functional brain connectivity in aging.
Responses of Global Atmospheric Energy Transport to Idealized Groundwater Conditions in a General Circulation Model
Authors: Lan Chia-Wei , Hwang Yen-Ting , Chien Rong-You , Ducharne Agnès , Lo Min-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The representation of groundwater dynamics in land surface models and their roles in global precipitation variations has received attention in recent years. Studies have revealed the overall higher soil moisture but rather diverse precipitation changes after incorporating the groundwater component in climate models. However, groundwater effects on large-scale atmospheric energy transport, the fundamental atmospheric variable regulating Earth’s climate, have not been explored thoroughly. In this study, a pair of idealized experiments corresponding to contrast globally fixed water table depths by AMIP-type simulations in the Community Earth System Model was conducted. In the wet (shallow water table) experiments, an increased meridional surface temperature gradient makes the mean meridional energy transports and Hadley circulation stronger than dry (deep water table) experiments over the tropics. Such energy transport changes are primarily attributed to the dynamic contribution (intensified Hadley circulation). The wet experiments make the simulated world be like an aquaplanet simulation with less land–sea temperature contrast and the enhancement (reduction) of mean meridional circulation (stationary eddies) energy transports. Furthermore, the South Asian monsoon circulation in the wet experiment shows a southward shift in the premonsoon season (April–June) and slight weakening in the mature phase (July and August). This study explores the impacts of the soil conditions caused by various water table depths on global energy transport and has further implications for climate model developments and experiment designs.
An improved algorithm for three-dimensional reconstruction of nonwoven microstructures by using multi-focus images
Authors: Li Chengzu , Zhang Honghua , He Xinyang , Liu Qi , Dong Gaige , Wang Rongwu 
Published: October 2022

The filtration performance of nonwovens, such as virus protection and air purification, depends largely on their microstructure, that is, their internal structure. With the development of manufacturing techniques, nonwovens can be produced with complex microstructures to deliver low air resistance and high filtration efficiency. Therefore, it seems important to reconstruct an accurate three-dimensional (3D) model to describe the various microstructures for performance evaluation and product development. Multi-focus image fusion is one of the most effective ways used for the 3D nonwoven reconstruction. However, the overlapping and crossing of fibers in multi-focus images taken on an optional microscope make 3D fiber reconstruction incomplete and discontinuous. In this study, we developed a novel fiber segmentation and 3D nonwoven reconstruction algorithm to restore fiber continuity. The fiber web image was firstly thinned into the fiber mid-axis or skeleton, and fiber fragments were detected by searching the intersections. The features, such as the angle and depth, of each fiber fragment were obtained using Harris corner detection. A cluster technique was used to group the head-points of the fiber fragments that have similar features into one cluster. All fiber fragments in the same cluster are fitted with a polynomial curve to form a complete fiber in the 3D space. The experimental results show that this new method is suitable for the reconstruction of nonwovens with complex structures, such as fiber bonding or crossing, and can automatically detect and connect fiber fragments in 3D space. It provides an effective way for the subsequent simulation/evaluation of filtration characteristics.