bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) and Cow Manure for Available Phosphor Supply on Sandy Beach Soil and P Uptake by Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Peniwiratri L , Arbiwati D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The low availability of phosphorus nutrients for onion plants resulted in disruption of the plant growth process such as blocking the extension of the root causing the uptake of nutrients decreased. This research was conducted to know the role of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) and cow manure for available phosphor of Sandy Beach Soil and P uptake by onion. The research method used was the Completely Randomized Design Method of 15 treatments, namely the mixture treatment of cow manure (S) and kirinyuh (K) at 10, 20 and 30 tons/ha equivalent doses. The treatment was: the dose of S and K mixture at without cow manure and kirinyuh (P0), 10 ton/ha comprised S/K ratios of 100/0 (P1), 75/25 (P2), 50/50 (P3), 25/75 (P4), 0/100 (P5); at 20 ton/ha comprised S/K ratios of 100/0 (P6), 75/25 (P7), 50/50 (P8), 25/75 (P9), 0/100 (P10); and at 30 ton/ha comprised S/K ratios of 100/0 (P11), 75/25 (P12), 50/50 (P13), 25/75 (P14), 0/100 (P15). Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times. The results were analyzed by variance at 5% significant level and tested further with Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level if there was a significant influence. The results showed that the mixture of cow manure and kirinyuh could increase P available of Sandy Beach Soil and P uptake of onion. Giving a mixture of cow manure (S) 25% and kirinyuh (K) 75% at the equivalent dosage of 30 tons/ha significantly gave the higestes P available of Sandy Beach Soil and P uptake of onion.
The Effects of Canal Blocking on Hydrological Restoration in Degraded Peat Swamp Forest Post-Forest Fires in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Suwito D , Suratman  , Poedjirahajoe E 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTropical peat swamp forest is one of the wetland ecosystems on tropical peatlands with many ecological, economic, and socio-cultural functions. In Indonesia, the peat swamp forest ecosystems have been experiencing deforestation and degradation due to land clearing for plantations and agriculture and forest fires. In Central Kalimantan, especially in the ex-area of the 1 million hectares mega rice project (MRP)n in the 1990s, hydrological restoration is done by blocking the canals. We compared the three methods of canal blocking and the areas without canal blocking and the community’s preference on what form of canal blocking is more beneficial for them. Large canal blocking, medium canal blocking, and small canal blocking had positively affected the groundwater level in the driest month above the fire-prone critical point. In contrast, the locations without blocking exceed the necessary fire-prone water level. Small, large, and medium blocking are equally capable of optimizing the peat soil water table. However, the local communities preferred small blocking over other methods because it was simple, labour-intensive, and improved their livelihood when involved in its construction. The local communities choose the big canal blockings less because they block transportation access in and out of the peat swamp forest.
The Effect of Moisture Content and Time of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) on The Properties of Jack Bean (Canavalia Ensiformis) Starch
Authors: Ariyantoro A R , Yulviatun A , Affandi D R , Septiarani A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) is one of Indonesia’s local legumes containing 61.15% of carbohydrates and 33.32% of protein. Natural starch has been limitedly used in food products due to its weak characteristics, especially the instability against heat and shear treatment. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a favoured method to improve starch durability during processing since it leaves no chemical residue. The HMT temperature, moisture content, and time applied could vary according to the starch’s original characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of 110°C HMT with three different moisture contents and durations for modifying jack bean starch properties and to obtain the best treatment resulting in the desired starch properties. This study was designed by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for two factors, moisture contents (27%, 30%, 33%) and time (10h, 13h, 16h). The results suggested that HMT significantly decreases whiteness, and moisture content. At the same time, it increases water absorption, solubility, and swelling power. The starch’s properties changed significantly following the variation of moisture contents and HMT time. The treatment which resulted in the most thermostable starch obtained in this study was the HMT that applies 33% of moisture content for 10 hours (HMT 33%+10 h).
Brown Plant Hopper and Blast to environmental friendly of rain-fed rice in Yogyakarta
Authors: Yolanda K , Pustika A B , Kobarsih M , Afriani R , Anggara A W , Pramono J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is a challenge to increase the productivity of rain-fed rice in Yogyakarta. However, brown plant hopper and blast disease are the main constraint. Tolerant varieties are suggested due to its environmental friendly to increase rice yield. This research was aimed to determine the population of brown plant hopper and blast disease as the effect of varieties improvement in increasing rain-fed rice productivity. Research was conducted in Nglipar Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, from September 2018 to January 2019. Experimental design was randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were six rain-fed rice varieties (Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, Inpago Unsoed, Rindang 1, and Rindang 2) with two control varieties (Inpari 42 and Ciherang). Results showed that Brown Plant Hopper population and blast disease intensity in Inpago 10, Inpago 12, and Inpago Unsoed were lower than in other varieties. Yield of Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, Inpago Unsoed, Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Inpari 42 and Ciherang were 6.20, 7.37, 7.01, 7.49, 6.20, 6.84, 6.97, and 4.00 ton ha-1, respectively. Varieties improvement resulted higher rice productivity compared to Ciherang as existing variety in farmers practices.
Products of cassava leaves and cutcherry leaves from various compositions of intercropping pattern
Authors: Maryana  , Suwardi  , Widodo R. A. , Priyanto S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe experiment of intercropping cultivation of cassava and cutcherry plants to harvest the leaves that was fertilized organically. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer on the total leaf yield of each plant, the efficiency of the land area and the efficiency of the time span of its cultivation. The experiment was carried out at the Practical Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Wedomartani, Yogyakarta 55584 from September 2020 to January 2021, altitude 110 m above sea level, soil type Regosol. The research method was divided plot design with two treatments and repeated three times. The main plots consisted of organic fertilization with manure at a dose of 30 t/ha (P1), 40 t/ha (P2) and 50 t/ha (P3). The sub-plots were intercropped with a composition of (25% cassava + 100% cutcherry )/S1; (50% cassava + 100% cutcherry)/S2; (75% cassava + 100% cutcherry)/S3; (100% cassava + 0% cutcherry)/S0; and (0% cassava + 100% cutcherry)/K0. Observational data then calculated by analysis of variance.. The results showed that the dose of manure had no significant effect, but the intercropping pattern had a significant effect on leaf production. The highest yield of cassava leaves was in the intercropping pattern S3, although it was not significantly different from the intercropping pattern S2, while the yield of cutcherry leaves was almost the same in all intercropping patterns. The best intercropping pattern is the composition of (75% cassava + 100% cutcherry)/S3.
The Appearance Of Mutations From Three Varieties Of Longan Used Gamma Rays
Authors: Habibullah M , Wahyudiningsih T S , Haryono G , Rahmiyah M , Farid N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The need for fruit in Indonesia is increasing every year along with the increase in population. The increasing demand for longan fruit with good quality and small seeds (seedless), it is necessary to plant breeding. Longan plant improvement can be done by various methods, one of which is mutation method with gamma ray radiation. This study aims to determine the diversity of longan plant mutants and changes in the character of longan plants due to mutations of gamma ray radiation. In this study, three varieties were used, namely longan Itoh, Wusan, and Kateki with two doses of gamma irradiation, namely 50 and 60 gray (Gy). There are changes in plants, namely in the morphological character and the rate of photosynthesis. The percentage of vegetative propragation was 1%.
Crop Performance and Farming Analyses of ‘Merah Delima’ Papaya and ‘California’ Papaya on Sub-Optimal Land in Jambi
Authors: Edi S , Purnamayani R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Papaya is a tropical fruit that is in great demand by the community at an affordable price and can adapt to various types of soil, including sub-optimal land. Jambi province has a quite large area of sub-optimal land. The aim of the study was to determine the growth, production, and farming analysis of Merah Delima and California Papaya on sub-optimal land. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Technology Park in Suka Maju Village, Geragai District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi. Parameters observed included vegetative and generative plant performance and farming analysis. The results showed that Merah Delima Papaya provided advantages in production parameters, namely the number of fruit and fruit weight. California papaya provides a fruit weight per grain. The analysis of profitable papaya farming has a total profit of Rp. 104,736,000,- per hectare for Merah Delima papaya and Rp. 61,728,000,- per hectare for papaya California. The results of the analysis of the BC ratio value of 2.95 for the Merah Delima papaya and the BC ratio of 1.95 for the California papaya, indicated that farming of these two papaya varieties provided benefits and would be feasible to cultivate.
Sustainability Partnership Production of Corn Seed Between Factory and Farmer
Authors: Cahyadi W D , Hamidah S , Widayanto B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The partnership relationship will be sustainable if the results of cooperation occur repeatedly and are mutually beneficial. This process continues until it creates a rule or norm of business relations in the pattern of partnership behavior. In this condition, the partnership relationship can be said to have been institutionalized, and will even last forever. The continuity of the partnership relationship can be determined by the values or stable positive behavior patterns of the partners. Therefore, there is a need for a study of (1) the role of each partnering party, namely PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi, grower and Sidodadi Farmer Group, and (2) sustainability of partnership in hybrid corn seed production. The research uses qualitative methods with the type of case study research. The technique of determining the informants is done purposively. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis techniques using source and time triangulation techniques. The results of the study show that (1) The role of the company includes establishing an MoU, providing source seeds, loan for fertilizer capital costs, field supervision, quality control, mentoring, and supplying production inputs. The role of the grower is none other than ensuring the existence of land, distributing seeds, production inputs, borrowing capital costs, and maintaining plants until harvesting. Meanwhile, the role of the Sidodadi Farmer Group is to provide land, collect farmer data, manage seeds, and care for harvesting. (2) The partnership program can continue with several conditions from several parties, namely from the Sidodadi Farmer Group requesting that prices at the farmer level be increased, while from the grower requesting that the supply of pesticides and medicines not be late, while the company requests that corn seeds produced by the provisions of the company.
Effect of Oxathiapiproline-Famoxadone fungicide and Trichoderma sp. on Control of Downy Mildew and the Growth of Maize
Authors: Yelli F , Prasetyo J , Maryono T , Fransiska M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. is a major limiting factor in maize production in Indonesia. Susceptible varieties can have yield losses of around 90 to 100%. The continuous use of metalaxyl has triggered resistance to downy mildew. Therefore, it is necessary to have other fungicides that can replace the use of metalaxyl. In this study, the oxathiapiproline- famoxadone was tested in combination with the fungus Trichoderma sp. as an alternative to metalaxyl. This study used a randomized complete block design. The treatments were arranged in a factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was fungicide (without/F0 and with fungicide/F1). The second factor was Trichoderma sp., i.e. T0 (without Trichoderma sp), T1 (Trichoderma sp. 106 spores/ml), T2 (Trichoderma sp. 107 spores/ ml), and T3 (Trichoderma sp. 108 spores/ml). The results showed that oxathiapiproline-famoxadone was able to suppress downy mildew, while the application of Trichoderma sp. did not affect the control of downy mildew and maize plant growth. Fungicide application and Trichoderma sp. 107 spores/ml suppressed disease severity at 7 days after inoculation with Peronosclerospora sp.
Response Analysis of Tobacco Supply in Indonesia
Authors: Suprihanti Antik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tobacco is one of the important plants in Indonesia. The control of tobacco and fewer incentives on tobacco production caused the growth production of tobacco slowly. It impact to the decrease of farmers’ income. The objects of this research are to analyze factors that influence tobacco supply in terms of planted area and quantity of tobacco production, also to analyze the response of tobacco supply cause the factors influencing. The method of the research used a descriptive method by using time series secondary data for 30 years from 1990 to 2019. Data are taken from some institutions and literature. The analysis method used partial distributed lag Nerlove’s model that is popular in supply response studies which used Ordinary Least Square. Results indicated that tobacco supply response to the wage of labor, planted area, and trend of technology. Tobacco production in Indonesia not only positively influenced to variables of tobacco area, and trend of technology but also response to these variables. Therefore, extensification and intensification are need it to increase tobacco supply.
Numerical simulation of extremely severe corrosion of the STK400 graded steel pipe pile in Southern Vietnam’s brackish environment: effects on macrocell corrosion of seawater flow and tide
Authors: Pham Ngoc-Thanh , Vuong Vinh-Dat , Tran Toan Viet , Le Thang Van , Vu Anh Quang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the recent work, a field test in which an STK400 steel pipe pile was vertically driven into the sea bed was conducted in Southern Vietnam’s brackish environment. After 5 years of exposure, the steel pipe pile was uniformly corroded in the immersion zone but two penetrated holes (formed a 152° central angle) appeared near the low water level. This severe corrosion can not be explained experimentally. Therefore, two numerical models have been individually built to calculate the corrosion distribution on a steel pipe pile surface. The results of these models help to explain this observation. The differential aeration due to the tidal condition and seawater flow is confirmed to be the cause of this field test observation. The first model accounting for the effects of tide shows that a macroscopic corrosion cell (along the pipe length) is formed. The cathodic kinetics are only strongly enhanced near the seawater surface (which changes over time and belongs to the tidal condition) while the rest is controlled by the limited-diffusion phenomenon. Therefore, a cathode is formed underneath the seawater surface and receives a protective current from the deeper steel surface (acts as an anode) where these two holes may appear. The second model considering the effects of seawater flow successfully locates two highly active anodic areas being in agreement with the position of the two penetrated holes observed in the field test.
Mandatory Cooperation
Authors: Ripstein Arthur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
My aim in this paper is to develop a new model of the obligation to do your part in contributing to the provision of what are frequently described as ‘public goods’. I will situate my account in a broadly Kantian account of the state as a public rightful condition, which enjoys powers that no private person could enjoy, in the service of its distinctively public mandate. The exercise of those powers imposes special duties on the state, which require it to provide distinctively public goods. As an artificial person, the state can only act through natural persons; doing your part enables the state to achieve its distinctively public purposes.
Characterizing and explaining the impact of disease-associated mutations in proteins without known structures or structural homologs
Authors: Sen Neeladri , Anishchenko Ivan , Bordin Nicola , Sillitoe Ian , Velankar Sameer , Baker David , Orengo Christine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mutations in human proteins lead to diseases. The structure of these proteins can help understand the mechanism of such diseases and develop therapeutics against them. With improved deep learning techniques, such as RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold, we can predict the structure of proteins even in the absence of structural homologs. We modeled and extracted the domains from 553 disease-associated human proteins without known protein structures or close homologs in the Protein Databank. We noticed that the model quality was higher and the Root mean square deviation (RMSD) lower between AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold models for domains that could be assigned to CATH families as compared to those which could only be assigned to Pfam families of unknown structure or could not be assigned to either. We predicted ligand-binding sites, protein–protein interfaces and conserved residues in these predicted structures. We then explored whether the disease-associated missense mutations were in the proximity of these predicted functional sites, whether they destabilized the protein structure based on ddG calculations or whether they were predicted to be pathogenic. We could explain 80% of these disease-associated mutations based on proximity to functional sites, structural destabilization or pathogenicity. When compared to polymorphisms, a larger percentage of disease-associated missense mutations were buried, closer to predicted functional sites, predicted as destabilizing and pathogenic. Usage of models from the two state-of-the-art techniques provide better confidence in our predictions, and we explain 93 additional mutations based on RoseTTAFold models which could not be explained based solely on AlphaFold models.
Structural progression of Alzheimer’s disease over decades: the MRI staging scheme
Authors: Planche Vincent , Manjon José V. , Mansencal Boris , Lanuza Enrique , Tourdias Thomas , Catheline Gwenaëlle , Coupé Pierrick 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The chronological progression of brain atrophy over decades, from pre-symptomatic to dementia stages, has never been formally depicted in Alzheimer’s disease. This is mainly due to the lack of cohorts with long enough MRI follow-ups in cognitively unimpaired young participants at baseline. To describe a spatiotemporal atrophy staging of Alzheimer’s disease at the whole-brain level, we built extrapolated lifetime volumetric models of healthy and Alzheimer’s disease brain structures by combining multiple large-scale databases (n = 3512 quality controlled MRI from 9 cohorts of subjects covering the entire lifespan, including 415 MRI from ADNI1, ADNI2 and AIBL for Alzheimer’s disease patients). Then, we validated dynamic models based on cross-sectional data using external longitudinal data. Finally, we assessed the sequential divergence between normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease volumetric trajectories and described the following staging of brain atrophy progression in Alzheimer’s disease: (i) hippocampus and amygdala; (ii) middle temporal gyrus; (iii) entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex and other temporal areas; (iv) striatum and thalamus and (v) middle frontal, cingular, parietal, insular cortices and pallidum. We concluded that this MRI scheme of atrophy progression in Alzheimer’s disease was close but did not entirely overlap with Braak staging of tauopathy, with a ‘reverse chronology’ between limbic and entorhinal stages. Alzheimer’s disease structural progression may be associated with local tau accumulation but may also be related to axonal degeneration in remote sites and other limbic-predominant associated proteinopathies.
The Impact of Vitamin A Deficiency on Tuberculosis Progression
Authors: Podell Brendan K , Aibana Omowunmi , Huang Chuan-Chin , DiLisio James E , Harris Macallister C , Ackart David F , Armann Kody , Grover Alexander , Severe Patrice , Juste Marc Antoine Jean , Dupnik Kathryn , Basaraba Randall J , Murray Megan B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Although previous studies have shown that vitamin A deficiency is associated with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease, the direction of the association has not been established. We investigated the impact of vitamin A deficiency on TB disease progression.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study nested within a randomized clinical trial among HIV-infected patients in Haiti. We compared serial vitamin A levels in individuals who developed TB disease to controls matched on age, gender, follow-up time, and time to antiretroviral therapy initiation. We also evaluated histopathology, bacterial load, and immune outcomes in TB infection in a guinea pig model of dietary vitamin A deficiency.

Results
Among 773 participants, 96 developed incident TB during follow-up, 62.5% (60) of whom had stored serum samples obtained 90–365 days before TB diagnosis. In age- and sex- adjusted and multivariate analyses, respectively, incident TB cases were 3.99 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41 to 6.60) and 3.59 times (95% CI, 2.05 to 6.29) more likely to have been vitamin A deficient than matched controls. Vitamin A–deficient guinea pigs manifested more extensive pulmonary pathology, atypical granuloma morphology, and increased bacterial growth after experimental TB infection. Reintroduction of dietary vitamin A to deficient guinea pigs after established TB disease successfully abrogated severe disease manifestations and altered cellular immune profiles.

Conclusions
Human and animal studies support the role of baseline vitamin A deficiency as a determinant of future TB disease progression.