bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterosynaptic NMDA Receptor Plasticity in Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells
Authors: Rodenas-Ruano Alma , Nasrallah Kaoutsar , Lutzu Stefano , Castillo Maryann , Castillo Pablo E. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe dentate gyrus is a key relay station that controls information transfer from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus proper. This process heavily relies on dendritic integration by dentate granule cells (GCs) of excitatory synaptic inputs from medial and lateral entorhinal cortex via medial and lateral perforant paths (MPP and LPP, respectively). N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can contribute significantly to the integrative properties of neurons. While early studies reported that excitatory inputs from entorhinal cortex onto GCs can undergo activity-dependent long-term plasticity of NMDAR-mediated transmission, the input-specificity of this plasticity along the dendritic axis remains unknown. Here, we examined the NMDAR plasticity rules at MPP-GC and LPP-GC synapses using physiologically relevant patterns of stimulation in acute rat hippocampal slices. We found that MPP-GC, but not LPP-GC synapses, expressed homosynaptic NMDAR-LTP. In addition, induction of NMDAR-LTP at MPP-GC synapses heterosynaptically potentiated distal LPP-GC NMDAR plasticity. The same stimulation protocol induced homosynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-LTP at MPP-GC but heterosynaptic AMPAR-LTD at distal LPP synapses, demonstrating that NMDAR and AMPAR are governed by different plasticity rules. Remarkably, heterosynaptic but not homosynaptic NMDAR-LTP required Ca2+ release from intracellular, ryanodine-dependent Ca2+ stores. Lastly, the induction and maintenance of both homo- and heterosynaptic NMDAR-LTP were blocked by GluN2D antagonism, suggesting the recruitment of GluN2D-containing receptors to the synapse. Our findings uncover a mechanism by which distinct inputs to the dentate gyrus may interact functionally and contribute to hippocampal-dependent memory formation.Significance StatementNMDARs are key players in synaptic plasticity. In addition to their classical role as coincidence detectors and triggers of AMPAR plasticity, there is compelling evidence that NMDARs can undergo activity-dependent plasticity independent of AMPAR plasticity. However, whether NMDAR-plasticity is expressed heterosynaptically remains unclear. Here, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, we show that the induction of burst timing-dependent LTP of NMDAR-mediated transmission at proximal medial perforant path synapses is accompanied by heterosynaptic NMDAR-LTP at lateral perforant path synapses. These findings provide the first evidence for heterosynaptic NMDAR plasticity, which may have important consequences on the dendritic integration of functionally distinct excitatory inputs by dentate granule cells.
Parent-Child Autonomic Synchrony During Vicarious Extinction Learning in Pediatric PTSD
Authors: George Grace C. , Heyn Sara A. , Konishi Shuka , Marin Marie-France , Herringa Ryan J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildren learn about threat and safety in their environment in part from their caregivers, a process which may be disrupted in child psychopathology. This transmission may be seen through biological measures like peripheral nervous system outputs such as skin conductance (SCR). Fear learning deficits have been observed in fear-related disorders like PTSD but have received little study in terms of parent-child learning transmission. We used a vicarious fear extinction paradigm to examine whether biological synchrony (SCR and heart rate variability [HRV]) is a potential mechanism by which children learn safety cues from their parents. In this pilot study, 16 dyads (PTSD n=11, typically developing [TD] n=5) underwent a vicarious fear extinction paradigm. We used cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) to assess SCR and HRV synchrony between parent-child dyads. We then used a linear model to examine group differences between PTSD dyads and TD dyads. For SCR, a significant group difference (p=.037) indicated that TD dyads had higher SCR synchrony compared to PTSD dyads. For HRV, there were no group differences between PTSD and TD dyads (p=.325). In exploratory analyses, increased synchrony was related to an overall decreased autonomic reactivity during recall of fear (p=0.032). These results suggest that SCR synchrony, but not HRV, may be a potential mechanism that allows for fear and safety learning in youth. While these data are preliminary, they provide novel insights on how disruptions in vicarious extinction learning may contribute to fear-related disorders in youth. Furthermore, this study suggests novel approaches to studying dyadic trauma-focused therapies which critically rely on parental coaching to model appropriate fear responses to help their child to recover from trauma.Significance StatementThis study provides evidence that biological synchrony is a potential mechanism through which youth learn threat and safety cues through their parents. We found that youth with PTSD have lower synchrony with their caregiver, and that synchrony was related to decreased overall autonomic reactivity, suggesting that synchrony may be indicative of overall safety learning. Further, decreased synchrony during fear extinction may potentially underlie the etiology of fear related disorders such as PTSD. These novel approaches may improve our understanding of dyadic trauma-focused therapies which critically rely on parental coaching to model appropriate fear responses to help their child to recover from trauma.
Climate change impacts on the abiotic degradation of acyl-homoserine lactones in the fluctuating conditions of marine biofilms
Authors: Roggatz Christina C. , Parsons Daniel R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine biofilms are functional communities that shape habitats by providing a range of structural and functional services integral to coastal ecosystems. Impacts of climate change on biological aspects of such communities are increasingly studied, but impacts on the chemicals that mediate key interactions of biofilm organisms have largely been overlooked. Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), crucial bacterial signals within biofilms, are known to degrade through pH and temperature-dependent hydrolysis. However, the impact of climate change on AHLs and thus on biofilm form and function is presently unknown. This study investigates the impact of changes in pH and temperature on the hydrolysis rate, half-life time and quantitative abundance of different AHLs on daily and seasonal timescales for current conditions and future climate change scenarios.We established the mathematical relationships between pH, hydrolysis rates/ half-life times and temperature, which revealed that natural daily pH-driven changes within biofilms cause the greatest fluctuations in AHL concentration (up to 9-fold). Season-dependant temperature enhanced or reduced the observed daily dynamics, leading to higher winter and lower summer concentrations and caused a shift in timing of the highest and lowest AHL concentration by up to two hours. Simulated future conditions based on climate change projections caused an overall reduction of AHL degradation and led to higher AHL concentrations persisting for longer across both the daily and seasonal cycles.This study provides valuable quantitative insights into the theoretical natural dynamics of AHL concentrations. We highlight critical knowledge gaps on the scale of abiotic daily and seasonal fluctuations affecting estuarine and coastal biofilms and on the biofilms’ buffering capacity. Detailed experimental studies of daily and seasonal dynamics of AHL concentrations and assessment of the potential implications for a suite of more complex interactions are required. Substantial fluctuations like those we show in this study, particularly with regards to concentration and timing, will likely have far reaching implications for fundamental ecosystem processes and important ecosystem services such as larval settlement and coastal sediment stabilisation.
Maternally transferred monoclonal antibodies protect neonatal mice from herpes simplex virus-induced mortality and morbidity
Authors: Backes Iara M. , Byrd Brook K. , Patel Chaya D. , Taylor Sean A. , Garland Callaghan R. , MacDonald Scott W. , Balazs Alejandro B. , Davis Scott C. , Ackerman Margaret E. , Leib David A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections often result in significant mortality and neurological morbidity despite antiviral drug therapy. Maternally-transferred HSV-specific antibodies reduce the risk of clinically-overt neonatal HSV (nHSV), but this observation has not been translationally applied. Using a neonatal mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that passive transfer of HSV-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can prevent mortality and morbidity associated with nHSV. The mAbs were expressedin vivoby vectored immunoprophylaxis, or administeredin vivofollowing recombinant expressionin vitro. Through these maternally-derived routes or through direct administration to pups, diverse mAbs to HSV glycoprotein D protected against neonatal HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Usingin vivobioluminescent imaging, both pre- and post-exposure mAb treatment significantly reduced viral load. Administration of mAb also reduced nHSV-induced behavioral morbidity, as measured by anxiety-like behavior. Together these studies support the notion that HSV-specific mAb-based therapies may prevent or improve HSV infection outcomes in neonates.Graphical AbstractDifferent antibody sources were used to maternally-transfer or directly administer HSV-specific mAbs to mouse pups. Neonatal mice were challenged with wild type or bioluminescent virus before or after mAb acquisition. Following infection, pups were assessed for survival, virus-induced bioluminescence and anxiety-like behavior as a measure of neurological morbidity. Efficacy was time and mAb dependent. Notably, all HSV-specific mAbs prevented nHSV-associated mortality.
Alkaloid avoidance in poison frog tadpoles
Authors: Sanchez Eugenia , Ramirez Travis , O’Connell Lauren A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnimals show a spectrum of avoidance-tolerance to foods containing toxic secondary metabolites. However, this spectrum has not been evaluated in animals that may actively seek out these compounds as a chemical defense. Poison frogs sequester toxic and unpalatable alkaloids from their diet, and in some species, tadpoles are exposed to these toxins before the development of their skin granular glands, which are used for toxin compartmentalization. Here, we examined the effects of the alkaloid decahydroquinoline (DHQ) in tadpoles of the Mimetic poison frog, Ranitomeya imitator, using alkaloid supplemented food. We found that although their survival is lowered by the alkaloid, their development is only mildly affected, with no evident effects on their growth. Furthermore, locomotor activity and feeding behavior was altered in the first week of DHQ treatment, probably in part through nicotinic blockade. However, after two weeks, tadpoles learned to avoid the alkaloid by visiting the food area only when necessary to eat. Our results suggest that poison frogs navigate the avoidance-tolerance spectrum during the development of their sequestration machinery.SummaryAnimals avoid consuming toxic foods or have anti-toxin machinery to avoid food poisoning. Adult poison frogs eat toxic insects and store the toxins in their skin glands. Some poison frog species even feed their tadpoles with toxins to protect them from predation at the risk of poisoning them. In this study, we observed that toxic food did not affect the development of tadpoles because they quickly learned to eat just enough to grow without getting poisoned. Our results indicate that poison frogs use diverse ways to avoid food poisoning during development.
The mental health of staff working on Intensive Care Units over the COVID-19 winter surge of 2020 in England: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Hall Charlotte , Milward Joanna , Spoiala Cristina , Bhogal Jaskiran Kaur , Weston Dale , Potts Henry W. W. , Caulfield Tristan , Toolan Michael , Kanga Kate , El-Sheikha Sarah , Fong Kevin , Greenberg Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic generated a surge of critically ill patients greater than the NHS’ capacity. Additionally, there have been multiple well-documented impacts associated with the national COVID-19 pandemic surge on ICU workers, including an increased prevalence of mental health disorders on a scale potentially sufficient to impair high-quality care delivery.AimTo identify prevalence of probable mental health disorders and functional impairment. As well as establish demographic and professional predictors of probable mental health disorders and functional impairment in ICU staff between November 2020 to April 2021.MethodsEnglish ICU staff were surveyed before, during and after the winter 2020/2021 surge using a survey which comprised of validated measures of mental health.Results6080 surveys were completed, by nurses (57.5%), doctors (27.9%), and other healthcare staff (14.5%). Reporting probable mental health disorders increased from 51% (prior to), to 64% (during) and then dropped to 46% (after). Younger, less experienced and nursing staff were most likely to report probable mental health disorders. Additionally, during and after the winter, over 50% of participants met threshold criteria for functional impairment. Staff who reported probable post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety or depression were more likely to meet threshold criteria for functional impairment.ConclusionsThe winter of 2020/2021 was associated with an increase in poor mental health outcomes and functional impairment during a period of peak caseload. These effects are likely to impact on patient care outcomes and the longer-term resilience of the healthcare workforce.
Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent mental health in the UK: multiple socio-economic indicators and reporter effects
Authors: Hazell Matthew , Thornton Emma , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are socio-economic inequalities in the experience of mental ill-health. However, less is known about the extent of inequalities by different indicators of socio-economic position (SEP). This is relevant for insights into the mechanisms by which these inequalities arise. For young people’s mental health there is an additional layer of complexity provided by the widespread use of proxy reporters. Using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=10,969), we investigated the extent to which five SEP indicators (parent education, household income, household wealth, parent occupational status, and relative neighbourhood deprivation) predict adolescent internalising mental health (at ages 14 and 17 years) and how this varies as a function of reporter. Both parent report and adolescent self-report were considered. Regression models demonstrated that whilst greater disadvantage in all five SEP indicators were associated with greater parent-reported adolescent mental health symptoms, only those from more disadvantaged groups of income, wealth, occupational status, and parent education were associated with greater self-reported mental health symptoms. The magnitude of these effects was greater for parent-reported than self-reported adolescent internalising symptoms: SEP indicators jointly predicted 4.73% and 4.06% of the variance in parent-reported symptoms at ages 14 and 17 compared to 0.58% and 0.60% of the variance in self-reported internalising mental health. Household income predicted the most variance in parent reported adolescent internalising symptoms (2.95% variance at age 14 & 2.64% at age 17) and wealth the most for self-reported internalising symptoms (0.42% variance at age 14 & 0.36% at age 17). Interestingly, the gradient and variance explained of parent-reported adolescent mental health across SEP indicators mirrors that of parent’s own mental health (for example, income explained 4.89% variance at the age 14 sweep). Our findings highlight that the relevance of different SEP indicators to adolescent internalising mental health differs between parent and adolescent reports. Therefore, it is important to consider the various perspectives of mental health inequalities gained from different types of reporters.HighlightsIncome is the most predictive SEP indicator for adolescent internalising mental health (MH).SEP indicators explain 0.6% of self and 4.7% of parent reported adolescent MH at 14.Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent MH vary by reporter.All five SEP indicators are associated with parent-reported adolescent MH.SEP indicators have weaker associations with self-reported adolescent MH.
Effects of founder CEO duality and board size on foreign IPOs’ survival in US markets
Authors: Lee Sang-Youn , Ko Eun-Jeong 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how three critical governance decisions by foreign firms impacted their survivability post-initial public offerings (IPO): the choice of CEO (founder vs non-founder); the power the founder CEO wields relative to the board in terms of CEO duality; and board size.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from 86 foreign firms that completed IPOs in the US market between 2000 and 2008 and adopts a Cox proportional hazards model to examine how the founder, founder CEO duality and board size influence foreign firm delisting post-IPO.FindingsA founder CEO or a founder CEO with duality (i.e. when a founder CEO is also chair of the board of directors) does not support a foreign firm’s survival post-IPO. Expectedly, board size has a negative impact on post-IPO firm survivability; however, founder CEO duality positively moderates this negative relationship. Therefore, founder CEO duality plays a positive indirect role in the context of post-IPO firms with large boards.Originality/valueFirst, while the benefits of CEO duality have been empirically ambiguous, this study clarifies how founder CEO duality manifests its positive impacts in foreign listings. Second, by focusing on board cognition, this study confirms the negative impact of large boards, but highlights that this can be mitigated by governance leadership structure. Finally, despite organizational life-cycle theorists’ advocacy of the replacement of founder CEOs with professional CEOs in sizable ventures, this study shows the benefits of their retention when the board is large.
Reduced order field-circuit modeling of squirrel cage induction machines for automotive applications
Authors: Bíró Dániel , Diwoky Franz , Schmidt Erich 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of the paper is to investigate the impacts of simplifications of a reduced-order simulation model of squirrel cage induction machines (SCIMs) by numerical experiments.

Design/methodology/approach
Design of setups to isolate the main influences on the results of the reduced-order model of SCIMs. Results of time-stepping finite element calculations are used as benchmark.

Findings
Whereas neglecting eddy current effects and the assumption of a sinusoidal rotor current distribution leads to acceptable deviations in regular inverter operation, the sampling and interpolation of the machine parameters in a two-axis coordinate system considerably deteriorate the model accuracy. Using a polar coordinate system for this purpose is expected to significantly improve the model quality.

Originality/value
Preparing the ground for a successful, both fast and accurate simulation model of SCIMs as parts of electrified drivetrains.
Cascade controllers design based on model matching in frequency domain for stable and integrating processes with time delay
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd Atif , Anwar Md Nishat , Laskar Shahedul Haque 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present an efficient and simplified proportional-integral/proportional-integral and derivative controller design method for the higher-order stable and integrating processes with time delay in the cascade control structure (CCS).

Design/methodology/approach
Two approaches based on model matching in the frequency domain have been proposed for tuning the controllers of the CCS. The first approach is based on achieving the desired load disturbance rejection performance, whereas the second approach is proposed to achieve the desired setpoint performance. In both the approaches, matching between the desired model and the closed-loop system with the controller is done at a low-frequency point. Model matching at low-frequency points yields a linear algebraic equation and the solution to these equations yields the controller parameters.

Findings
Simulations have been conducted on several examples covering high order stable, integrating, double integrating processes with time delay and nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor. The performance of the proposed scheme has been compared with recently reported work having modified cascade control configurations, sliding mode control, model predictive control and fractional order control. The performance of both the proposed schemes is either better or comparable with the recently reported methods. However, the proposed method based on desired load disturbance rejection performance outperforms among all these schemes.

Originality/value
The main advantages of the proposed approaches are that they are directly applicable to any order processes, as they are free from time delay approximation and plant order reduction. In addition to this, the proposed schemes are capable of handling a wide range of different dynamical processes in a unified way.
Mindfulness-based practices, psychological capital, burnout and performance anxiety
Authors: Biswal Kalyani , Srivastava Kailash B.L. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The study examined the role of classroom-based mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on psychological capital, burnout, and performance anxiety among business executives.

Design/Methodology/Approach
52 mid-level and senior leaders filled up a structured questionnaire on mindfulness, psychological capital, and performance anxiety before and after the intervention. They also participated in 2 week-long classroom-based mindfulness intervention programs for 1 hour daily.

Findings
The finding suggests that mindfulness-based intervention significantly improved PsyCap and reduced burnout and performance anxiety among the executives.

Research limitations/implications
Self-report measures, sample size, and programmed duration could be a limitation. We can plan long-term (4 weeks) intervention on cross-section data for better outcomes and generalizations.

Research implications
Mindfulness-based interventions can help save healthcare costs by reducing anxiety and burnout. Leaders can also quantify the value of such intervention for developing PsyCap.

Practical implications
Management should conduct mindfulness-based training programs, and leaders can practice it in their daily routine to improve psychological resources to reduce stress and better face workplace challenges.

Originality/value
The study's contribution was using the classroom-based mindfulness-based intervention to improve psychological capital and reduce dysfunctional outcomes in leaders.