bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar angular momentum can be controlled from cosmological initial conditions
Authors: Cadiou Corentin , Pontzen Andrew , Peiris Hiranya V 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The angular momentum of galaxies controls the kinematics of their stars, which in turn drives observable quantities such as the apparent radius, the bulge fraction, and the alignment with other nearby structures. To show how angular momentum of galaxies is determined, we build high (35 pc) resolution numerical experiments in which we increase or decrease the angular momentum of the Lagrangian patches in the early universe. We perform cosmological zoom-in simulations of three galaxies over their histories from z = 200 to z = 2, each with five different choices for the angular momentum (15 simulations in total). Our results show that altering early universe angular momentum changes the timing and orbital parameters of mergers, which in turn changes the total stellar angular momentum within a galaxy’s virial radius in a predictable manner. Of our three galaxies, one has no large satellite at z = 2; in this case, the specific angular momentum is concentrated in the central galaxy. Our changes to the initial conditions result in its stellar angular momentum changing over 0.7 dex (from 61 to ${320}\, {\rm kpc\, km\, s}^{-1}$) at z = 2. This causes its effective radius to grow by 40 per cent, its v/σ parameter to grow by a factor of 2.6, and its bulge fraction to decrease from 0.72 to 0.57. This proof of concept illustrates how causal studies can contribute to a better understanding of the origin of galaxy scaling relations and intrinsic alignments.
Comparing simulated Milky Way satellite galaxies with observations using unsupervised clustering
Authors: Chen Li-Hsin , Hartwig Tilman , Klessen Ralf S , Glover Simon C O 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We develop a new analysis method that allows us to compare multidimensional observables to a theoretical model. The method is based on unsupervised clustering algorithms which assign the observational and simulated data to clusters in high dimensionality. From the clustering result, a goodness of fit (the p-value) is determined with the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test. We first show that this approach is robust for 2D Gaussian distributions. We then apply the method to the observed MW satellites and simulated satellites from the fiducial model of our semi-analytic code a-sloth . We use the following five observables of the galaxies in the analysis: stellar mass, virial mass, heliocentric distance, mean stellar metallicity [Fe/H], and stellar metallicity dispersion σ[Fe/H]. A low p-value returned from the analysis tells us that our a-sloth fiducial model does not reproduce the mean stellar metallicity of the observed MW satellites well. We implement an ad hoc improvement to the physical model and show that the number of dark matter merger trees which have a p-value &gt; 0.01 increases from 3 to 6. This method can be extended to data with higher dimensionality easily. We plan to further improve the physical model in a-sloth using this method to study elemental abundances of stars in the observed MW satellites.
A Gaia EDR3 search for tidal tails in disintegrating open clusters
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Rao Khushboo K , Agarwal Manan , Balan Shanmugha , Vaidya Kaushar 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We carry out a search for tidal tails in a sample of open clusters with known relatively elongated morphology. We identify the member stars of these clusters from the precise astrometric and deep photometric data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 using the robust membership determination algorithm, ML-MOC. We identify 46 open clusters having a stellar corona beyond the tidal radius, 20 of which exhibit extended tails aligned with the cluster orbit direction in Galactocentric coordinates. Notably, we find NGC 6940 (at a distance of ∼1 kpc) is the furthest open cluster, exhibiting tidal tails that are ∼50 pc from its centre, while also identifying ∼40 pc long tidal tails for the nearby Pleiades. Using the minimum spanning tree length for the most massive stars relative to all cluster members, we obtain the mass segregation ratio ($\rm \lambda _{MSR}$) profiles as a function of the number of massive stars in each cluster. From these profiles, we can classify the open clusters into four classes based on the degree of mass segregation experienced by the clusters. We find that clusters in the most mass segregated classes are the oldest on average and have the flattest mass function slope. Of the 46 open clusters studied in this work, 41 exhibit some degree of mass segregation. Furthermore, we estimate the initial masses (M$\rm _{i}$) of these open clusters, finding that some of them, having M$\rm _{i}\gtrsim 10^{4} M_{\odot }$, could be the dissolving remnants of young massive clusters.
Testing source confusion and identification capability in Cherenkov telescope array data
Authors: Mestre Enrique , Torres Diego F , de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , Martí Josep 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Cherenkov Telescope Array will provide the deepest survey of the Galactic Plane performed at very-high-energy gamma-rays. Consequently, this survey will unavoidably face the challenge of source confusion, i.e. the non-unique attribution of signal to a source due to multiple overlapping sources. Among the known populations of Galactic gamma-ray sources and given their extension and number, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe, and PWN TeV haloes) will be the most affected. We aim to probe source confusion of TeV PWNe in forthcoming CTA data. For this purpose, we performed and analysed simulations of artificially confused PWNe with CTA. As a basis for our simulations, we applied our study to TeV data collected from the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey for ten extended and two point-like firmly identified PWNe, probing various configurations of source confusion involving different projected separations, relative orientations, flux levels, and extensions among sources. Source confusion, defined here to appear when the sum of the Gaussian width of two sources is larger than the separation between their centroids, occurred in ∼30 per cent of the simulations. For this sample and 0.5° of average separation between sources, we found that CTA can likely resolve up to 60 per cent of those confused sources above 500 GeV. Finally, we also considered simulations of isolated extended sources to see how well they could be matched to a library of morphological templates. The outcome of the simulations indicates a remarkable capability (more than 95 per cent of the cases studied) to match a simulation with the correct input template in its proper orientation.
003 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a series of 22 cases
Authors: Yechouti C , Elouali A , Ayyad G , Rkain M , Benajiba N , Babakhoya A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a group of conditions in which the first sign of the disease appears before the child's 16th birthday. The common feature is the presence of at least one arthritis of &gt; 6 weeks’ duration with no recognized aetiology. JIA affect approximately one child in 5000 before the age of 16.

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective study of 22 cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis from the department of pediatrics at the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda seen over a period of four years and 7 months (January 2014 to August 2018).

Results
The patients were 10 girls and 12 boys aged from 1 to 13 years. The hospital frequency of this disease was 0.49%, six clinical forms of onset were seen: 8(36%) had systemic onset JIA, 5(23%) had Oligoarticular JIA, 2(9%) had rheumatoid positive polyarticular JIA, 3(14%) had rheumatoid negative polyarticular JIA, 2(9%) had enthesitis related arthritis, and 2(9%) had undifferentiated arthritis. The diagnosis was based on clinical, biological, radiological and evolutionary elements. The biologic inflammatory syndrome was present in almost all patients in our series. Anti-nuclear antibodies were positive in two cases of polyarticular JIA and rheumatoid factor was positive in 10% of our patients. 25% had radiological features: one patient was classified as Steinbrocker stage I and the second with systemic JIA as stage III. Two other patients with oligoarticular JIA had small joint effusion and fixed flexion deformities. The treatment was with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, salicylates and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs which were methotrexate in 47% of cases, and biotherapy in 9% of them. Outcome was favorable in most of the patients, but 31% developed complications which were: growth retardation (2), joint deformities (1), and iatrogenic complications of medical treatment (4). The variability of the outcome reflects the extreme heterogeneity of clinical forms of JIA.

Conclusion
The treatment of a child with JIA cannot be conceived outside of a multidisciplinary pediatric team. The treatment includes medication and measures to maintain a good functional state of the joints, notably rehabilitation and surgery. The biotherapies have revolutionized the therapeutic approach to JIA, with a notable effect of these new molecules, particularly anti TNF, anti-IL 1 and anti-IL 6.
07 Predictor factors of hip involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Rania Ben Aissa , Hanene Ferjani , Mariam Moalla , Dorra Ben Nessib , Wafa Triki , Kaouther Maatallah , Dhia Kaffel , Wafa Hamdi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the commonest rheumatic diseases in children. Hip involvement is a common problem in JIA patients and is associated with functional disability and poor outcomes. Intensive therapy is required to avoid joint replacement surgery. Little studied in the literature, the predictors of hip involvement are still unknown.

Objectives
Our study aims to identify the clinical, biological characteristic of patients with hip involvement and determine the associated risk factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including children with JIA according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). The recorded data included sociodemographic features, disease characteristics (subtype disease, duration, and juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS)) as well as treatment modalities. Regarding coxitis, we collected radiographs, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip when performed. Coxitis was defined by clinical (limited range of motion) and/or radiographic findings (destruction, synovitis, bone marrow oedema).

Results
Thirty-five patients (20 females) with a median age of 12 years (5–18) and disease duration of 3 years (0.25–15) were recruited. The patient's distribution of JIA subtypes were oligoarticular (n = 13), enthesitis-related arthritis (n = 9), polyarticular (n = 4) (negative rheumatoid factor in 3 patients), undifferentiated (n = 4), psoriatic-arthritis (n = 4) and systemic-onset (n = 1). ESR and CRP median values were 15 mm/h (0–63) and 2 mg/l(0–47) respectively. Sixteen patients were under DMARDs (Methotrexate (n = 10), biological agent (n = 3), biological agent and methotrexate (n = 2), salazopyrine (n = 1)).
Sixteen patients (45.71%) developed coxitis (radiographic (n = 8), MRI (n = 5) and US findings (n = 3)) with eight (50%) presenting limited range of motion and 10 (62.5%) developing radiological evidence of hip damage. Hip involvement was associated with a longer disease duration (p = 0.051). JADAS score value of patients with coxitis was higher (Mean 8.35 vs 7.05) but not significantly (p = 0.565). Higher CRP and ESR values were found in patients with coxitis (mean 8.39 mg/l vs 6.83 mg/l, 22.29 mm/h vs 16.37 mm/h respectively) but not significantly (p = 0.718, p = 0.287 respectively). No associations were found between hip involvement and BMI (p = 0.233), age-onset (p = 0.496), JIA subtype (p = 0.509), nor sex (p = 0.767).

Conclusion
Our study shows that long disease duration exposes to a higher risk of hip involvement in children with JIA. Active disease and biological inflammatory syndrome could be associated risk factors. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to draw definite causal associations.
08 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Benaziez F , Remilaoui A , Bahaz N , Yettou S , Dahou Makhloufi C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of inflammatory joint diseases that begin before the age of 16. Depending on the clinical form of JIA, medical treatment may involve long-term high-dose corticosteroid therapy, which may lead to aseptic femoral head osteonecrosis of patients.
We report three observations of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients followed for JIA.
1st observation: Mr I.A, aged 19 years, presented with ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral involvement, with a juvenile onset, for which he had received a high dose of corticosteroids at an average of 1.5 mg/kg/day since the age of 15 months on an intermittent basis. Clinically, the patient had a height of 1.65, a right limp when walking and limited movement of the right hip with a Lequesne algofunctional index of 10.5 (significant disability). MRI of the pelvis showed aseptic osteonecrosis of the right femoral head (ONATF), Arlet and Ficat stage 3.
Observation 2: Mr A.B, 27-year-old, had systemic JIA since the age of 12. He received corticosteroid therapy at an average dose of 1 mg/kg/day intermittently. Clinically the patient presents with signs of cortisone impregnation (a cushingoid face, purple stretch marks, thin skin) and bilateral cataract. The patient walks with the help of a crutch. The examination of the hips revealed a limitation of mobility of the left hip with a Lequesne algo-functional index of 18.5. Bone densitometry showed a decrease in bone density. Standard radiographs noted a left ONATF, Arlet and Ficat stage 4 with L4 and L5 vertebral fractures.
3rd Observation: Mr B.M, 26-year-old, followed for systemic JIA since the age of 14. He was treated with high dose corticosteroids at a rate of 1 mg/kg/day. The clinical examination revealed unevenness of the lower limbs, a left limp when walking, limited internal rotation and abduction of the right hip. The patient also had multiple inflammatory acne lesions and a bilateral cataract. Bone densitometry showed a decrease in bone density. Standard radiography showed bilateral ONATF, stage 3 on the right and 4 on the left according to Arlet and Ficat's classification, which required the placement of a double total hip replacement.

Conclusion
Corticosteroid therapy is one of the main risk factors for non-traumatic aseptic osteonecrosis. Our three patients presented with ONAT with major disability following long-term corticosteroid therapy. The efficacy of corticosteroids is well established but they should be used with caution to avoid side effects
09 Validation of the francophone version of pGALS with the Delphi approach
Authors: Hanen Ferjani , Emna Rabhi , Lilia Loucif , Djohra Hadef , Rawdha Tekaya , Sami Slimani , Wafa Hamdi , Foster Helen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine (pGALS) is a practical quick musculoskeletal assessment to increase awareness of the joint disease, facilitate early recognition of joint problems, and prompt referral to specialist teams to optimize clinical outcomes. pGALS has been shown to be practical and useful, with excellent acceptability by children and their parents. Its use was limited in French-speaking countries because of the lack of the francophone version.

Objectives
To describe the steps of the translation of the pGALS francophone version using the Delphi approach.

Methods
Delphi method is the consensus-building method, providing the consensual opinion of the experts. For each translated item of the pGALS, the experts assessed the relevance using a scale ranging from 1 to 9 (not relevant-completely relevant). Then median was calculated giving for each item the position of the group: disagree (if the median &lt; 3), equivocal (median between 4–6) and agreement (median &gt;7). The degree of the convergence with the group was assessed to clarify this result: the group’s opinion is consensual if 70% of the responses were within the range of the median; otherwise, it’s “not consensual”. For the no consensual and no relevant item, the experts propose a comment to reformulate the sentence.

Results
Three native speakers were invited to translate the English form of the pGALS into the francophone language. The different propositions were mixed in a consensual way by a children’s musculoskeletal specialist. The version was validated according to the Delphi method. Six experts (pediatricians and rheumatologists) from different French-speaking countries were interviewed during 3 rounds by electronic survey individually and anonymously. After each round: the median, consensus, and comments of every item are collected and a meeting with experts was held to analyze the results. During the first meeting, we were consensual and we had an agreement on 82% of the items (28 items were validated, and 6 items were reformulated). Then the form was reformulated using the results of the preliminary rounds: opinions of the experts and their proposals during the last meeting). We were in agreement and we validated the remaining six-item during the second meeting. In the last round, we obtain a consensual version of pGALS.

Conclusion
Our approach contributed to the consensual translation of the francophone version of pGALS. This tool is now ready to be used as a basic clinical skill. More research is mandatory to assess its sensibility and specificity in screening musculoskeletal disorders.
18 Does overweight enhance foot disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Authors: Dghaies H. Ferjani , Moalla M , Ben Nessib D , Triki W , Maatallah K , Kaffel Dh , Hamdi W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is chronic inflammatory arthritis of childhood that may result in persistent and disabling foot impairments. Foot disorders are common in JIA with a prevalence estimated at over 90%. Many factors can worsen foot disorders in these patients. The influence of weight on foot disorders is poorly studied.

Objectives
To examine associations between weight and foot disorders in patients with JIA.

Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of JIA, based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria were included. Age, gender, weight, characteristics of the disease and of foot pain were noted. A specialized podiatric examination was performed.

Results
Thirty-two patients were included. The mean age was 12.2 ± 2.9 [5–18]. Forty-three percent of the patients were boys (n = 14). The mean age of disease onset was 8.5 ± 3.9 [3–15]. Only one patient had a triggering factor (elbow fracture). The most common type of JIA was oligoarthritis in 12 cases, then enthesitis-related in 8 cases, polyarthritis without rheumatoid factor in 3 cases, polyarthritis with positive rheumatoid factor in 1 case, psoriatic arthritis in 3 cases, systemic arthritis in 1 case and undifferentiated arthritis in 4 cases.
The mean weight was 43.5 kg [17–98]. Only 28% (n = 9) of the children had a normal weight for their age, 41% (n = 13) of them had a low weight for their age and 31% (n = 10) of them had overweight. Ten patients had foot pain: hindfoot pain in 5 patients, midfoot pain in 3 patients, and forefoot pain in 2 patients. Foot deformities were found in 78.1% of the patients (n = 27): flat foot in 39% (n = 13) of the patients and pes cavus in 39% (n = 13).
There was no association between overweight and foot pain (p = 0,14) or hindfoot pain (p = 0.08). However, overweight was associated with a forefoot (p = 0.01) and midfoot (p = 0.01) pain. Overweight was not associated with foot deformities (p = 0.1).

Conclusion
This study showed that weight is associated with foot pain especially forefoot and midfoot pain. A healthy lifestyle and a normal weight are fundamental to preventing foot pain at an early age in patients with JIA and improving their quality of life.
22 Monitoring of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: don’t miss the foot deformities!
Authors: Kharrat L , Ferjani H , Moalla M , Triki W , Ben Nessib D , Maatallah K , Kaffel D , Hamdi W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Foot deformities seem to be frequent in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) [1,2]. These deformities can deeply affect the child’s activity and alter his quality of life.

Objectives
To study the association between disease activity and foot deformities in JIA patients.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients meeting the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) 2001 criteria for JIA. For each patient, we collected the following data: age, disease duration, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), Patient Global Assessment (PGA), Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), and therapeutic management. Disease activity was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity score (JADAS). Foot deformities were assessed using an optical podoscope. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) levels were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results
We included 35 patients. Forty-three percent of the patients were boys (n = 15). The mean age was 12.2 ± 3.61 years. The mean disease duration was 4.1 ± 3.29 years. The mean PGA and the mean VAS were 3.4 ± 3.02 and 3.37 ± 2.92, respectively. The mean TJC and the mean SJC were 1.48 ± 1.69 and 0.61 ± 0.77, respectively. The mean CRP and ESR were 7.51 ± 11.85 mg/l and 18.88 ± 15.53 mm, respectively. Twenty-four patients were under non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (69%), 12 patients were under methotrexate (34%), and 5 patients were under TNFα inhibitor (14%).
The mean JADAS was 7.58 ± 6.3. Seventeen percent of the patients had the inactive disease (n = 6). Foot deformities were found in 80% of the patients (n = 28). They were flatfoot in 40% (n = 14) and pes cavus in 46% (n = 16). These deformities were bilateral in 18 cases (51%). Hallux valgus was present in 14% of the cases (n = 5). Foot deformities were associated to a higher PGA (4.04 ± 3.01 vs 0.86 ± 1.2, p&lt; 10–3), VAS (3.93 ± 2.94 vs 1.14 ± 1.46, p = 0.022), CRP level (8.84 ± 13.1 vs 2.79 ± 2.5 mg/l, p = 0.039), and higher JADAS (9.12 ± 6.25 vs 2.08 ± 1.93, p&lt; 10–3).

Conclusion
Our study showed that foot deformities are common in JIA. Interestingly, these deformities are associated with a higher CRP level and a higher disease activity. These results suggest that an early screening of foot deformities is advisable in patients with active disease.
References
1. Truckenbrodt H, Häfner R, von Altenbockum C. Functional joint analysis of the foot in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1994; 12 Suppl 10: S91-96.
2. Gschwend N, Ivosevic-Radovanovic D. [The child’s foot in juvenile polyarthritis (cP)]. Orthopade. 1986; 15(3):212–9.