bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of Neuroscience to the model of mind
Authors: Liyanage Pathma 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Currently, there are several mind models developed as cognitive architectures and their main focus is to explain mind functions. However, few architectures explain the neural basis of the mind. Also, neuroscience explains the neural basis of the brain and is directly related to the mind. The study objective was to identify a mind model with a neural basis established in the model. Therefore, the study uses a systematic review of existing literature to find a mental model with a neural basis.
There are 300 articles identified in searching databases of PUBMED and Google Scholar. After duplicated removal, initial screening was done using an independent reviewer and remaining full-text articles were submitted to eligibility assessment. From the assessed full-text articles, 9 full-text articles were selected for synthesis. From those selected architectures, considering the richness of mental functions and richness of neurological assemblies, features of the architectures op of ACT-R (Adaptive control of thoughts – Rational) cognitive architecture, Leabra cognitive architecture and an embodied cognitive-affective architecture select for inclusion in the final model.
The central structure of the mind is the amygdala. It gets sensory inputs through the sensory cortex and external stimuli through the thalamus. It processes those inputs using working memory as mPFC and dLPFC. After processing, the amygdala provides output as behavior.
Also, brain structures of the partial cortex, cortex, para hippo cortex, perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, subiculum, dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus are used for memory encoding, memory retrieval, and critical learning. Overall, the posterior cortex processes the sensory and semantic information. The hippocampus works as episodic memory. The frontal cortex works as active maintenance of the thinking process. The basal ganglia works as action selection and the main part of the thinking process. This reveals the mind model with neurological circuit assemblies to it. The final model will limit to features of the currently existing literature.
The Effectivity of Thymus vulgaris Extract on IL-1 Level and Bacterial Count in The Heart of Balb-c Mice Infected with MRSA
Authors: Nitihapsari Galuh Yulieta , Farida Helmia , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji 
Published: January 2022

Background: The increasing phenomenon resistance of bacteria to various types of antibiotics, for example MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) became a serious problem. Over the last few decades S. aureus has become the dominant cause of endocarditis. MRSA data in Indonesia are still rarely reported. This has led to the importance of extracting natural substances that have anti-bacterial effects or that modulate immune response such as Thymus vulgaris (TV). It was hypothesized that TV can overcome MRSA infection by increasing IL-1, which is the initial cytokine in a natural immune response stimulated by the presence of S. aureus. Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on IL-1 and bacterial counts in the heart of balb-c mice infected with MRSA. Methods: There were 30 male Balb-c mice randomly divided into six groups. Group K (mice infected with MRSA without treatment),P1(mice treated with TV extract 7 days later infected with MRSA), P2(mice infected and treated with vancomycin), P3(mice infected and treated with TV+vancomycin extract), P4(mice infected and treated with amoxicillin), and P5 (mice infected and treated with TV extract+amoxicillin). IL-1 and bacterial count was assessed by ELISA and microbiological culture. Results: The result showed that there was a significant increase in IL-1 between groups (p=0.001).The median decrease in the bacterial count in the heart was 0 in almost treatment group except for P4 group which its median was 26.000 (p=0.161). The correlation between IL-1 levels and MRSA count in the heart had a weak negative correlation (r=-0.182). Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris extract was effective to increase IL-1 levels significantly but was not proven to decrease MRSA count in the heart of balb-c mice.
Reliability Analysis of Diesel Engine at LNG Plant using Counting Process
Authors: Darmanto Seno , Atmanto Ireng Sigit , Permana Bagus Hendra 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the reliability of diesel engine as driver for fire water pump. To determine the reliability level of the diesel engine, this research will apply counting process so that the rate of failure of the diesel engine can be known. The data used as basis for calculation is failure data gained from maintenance work order databases from 2012 to 2017. The data obtained will be processed using counting process method to produce mathematical modeling to predict the amount of failure to diesel engines in the future. From 4 diesel engines, only 3 parametric failure rate (l) that could be generated, for 33-GE-5A, for 33-GE-5B, and for 33-GE-5C, since 33-GE-5D was severely damaged in September 2015. The mathematical modeling will be verified using the Pearson's Chi-squared Test method to ensure the validity of the mathematical model can be guaranteed. The result of the goodness of fit test shows that only parametric failure rate (l) for 33-GE-5B and 33-GE-5C that could be accepted. The outcome mathematical model will be used to predict future behavior and failure of the unit so effective and efficient maintenance strategy for 33-GE-5B and 33-GE-5C could be applied
Estimaciones de Respuesta al Ítem de los Parámetros de una Medida Breve de Bienestar Psicológico Estudiantil en el Contexto Universitario
Authors: Franco Mendoza Josué Michael 
Published: January 2022

El propósito del presente estudio fue el de construir una escala breve de bienestar psicológico en el contexto universitario, en fase preliminar. Para ello se contó con la participación de 417 estudiantes de la facultad de educación de una universidad pública de Lima, de ambos sexos, con edades oscilantes entre los 17 y 35 años (M = 23, D.S. = 1.86). Se trabajó con los tópicos de Salud Mental (SM) y el de Familia y Relaciones Interpersonales (FR). El método fue instrumental, contando con una escala de 35 ítems y siete componentes, aprobada por cinco expertos a través del estadístico V de Aiken, con 3 criterios de valoración (V = .83, 1.00). Los ítems pasaron por diferentes procesos de análisis en las estimaciones de parámetros con el modelo de dos parámetros logísticos (2PL) de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI), en contraste con indicadores de la Teoría Clásica de los Test (TCT), a partir del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y medidas de consistencia interna. Los resultados evidenciaron que los componentes de la escala ajustaron adecuadamente al modelo de 2PL (x2 = .58, 1.73, p > .05), cumpliéndose los supuestos de unidimensionalidad e independencia local para los ítems por cada componente. Así también se reportaron funciones de información de los mismos, las cuales fueron complementadas con evidencias del ajuste de los AFC para cada tópico (x2/gl = 1.18, 2.45, GFI = .99, 1.00, TLI = .94, .99, CFI = .95, .99, NNFI = .94, .99, RMR = .001, SRMR = .05, .06, RMSEA = .02, .06). Por otra parte, las medidas de consistencia interna oscilaron entre .61 y .82, tomando como indicadores el coeficiente Omega y KR-20. Se recomienda continuar realizando revisiones del modelo, en una siguiente fase del estudio, a la vez de complementar análisis con componentes orientados a necesidades educativas y el desarrollo de habilidades blandas.
Clinical and biochemical markers of coronary artery calcification progression after elective coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Sedykh D. Yu. , Kashtalap V. V. , Hryachkova O. N. , Kokov A. N. , Shibanova I. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To assess the relationship of various clinical and biological markers of bone metabolism with the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) within 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and methods. This single-center prospective observational study included 111 men with CAD who were hospitalized for elective CABG. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent duplex ultrasound of extracranial arteries (ECA) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) to assess CAC severity using the Agatston score, as well as densitometry with determination of bone mineral density in the femoral neck, lumbar spine and T-score for them, In all participants, the following bone metabolism biomarkers were studied: calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, osteopontin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone. Five years after CABG, ECA duplex ultrasound, MSCT coronary angiography and bone metabolism tests were repeated. Depending on CAC progression (>100 Agatston units (AU)), patients were divided into two groups to identify significant biomarkers and clinical risk factors associated with CAC progression.Results. For 5 years after CABG, contact with 16 (14,4%) patients was not possible; however, their vital status was assessed (they were alive). Death was recorded in 4 (3,6%) cases (3 — due to myocardial infarction, 1 — due to stroke). In 18 (19,7%) cases, non-fatal endpoints were revealed: angina recurrence after CABG — 16 patients, myocardial infarction — 1 patient, emergency stenting for unstable angina — 1 patient. There were no differences in the incidence of events between the groups with and without CAC progression. According to MSCT 5 years after CABG (n=91 (81,9%)), CAC progression was detected in 60 (65,9%) patients. Multivariate analysis allowed to create a model for predicting the risk of CAC progression, which included following parameters: cathepsin K <16,75 pmol/L (p=0,003) and bone mineral density <0,95 g/cm3 according to femoral neck densitometry before CABG (p=0,016); OPG <3,58 pg/ml (p=0,016) in the postoperative period 5 years after CABG.Conclusion. Within 5 years after CABG, 65,9% of male patients with stable coronary artery disease have CAC progression, the main predictors of which are low preoperative cathepsin K level (<16,75 pmol/L) and low bone mineral density (<0,95 g/cm3) according to femoral neck densitometry, as well as a low OPG level (<3,58 pg/ml) 5 years after CABG.
Endothelial function and structural markers of atherosclerosis: relationship in old and senile age
Authors: Troshina M. S. , Ryabikov A. N. , Palekhina Yu. Yu. , Ryabikov M. N. , Malyutina S. K. 
Published: January 2022

Endothelial dysfunction (ED), intima-media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs) of the carotid arteries (CAs) are considered mutually associated markers of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. How true this statement is for older age groups remains unclear.Aim. To study the relationship of flow-dependent vasodilation (FDV) with CA IMT and ASPs in a population sample over 58 years old.Material and methods. The study was carried out in a population sample of men and women aged 58-82 years (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE project, n=788, 424 women). CA ultrasound was performed to assess IMT and ASPs. Endothelial function was assessed by postocclusive hyperemia ultrasound test; an increase in brachial artery initial diameter (FDV%) <10% was regarded as ED.Results. The average IMT in men was 0,95 mm (SD 0,18) and was significantly higher than in women: 0,88 mm (SD 0,17), p<0,001. The average FDV% values in men were 2,7% (SD 7,32), while in women — 3,2% (SD 7,19) and did not differ significantly by sex. The incidence of ED was 88,2% in men and 85,8% in women. There was no a significant linear relationship between FDV and IMT neither in men (β=-1,76, SD 2,25, p=0,436), nor in women (β=-2,19, SD 2,15, p=0,309). Also, there were no differences in average IMT and ASP frequency in the groups with and without ED among men and women. When divided into age groups, ED was associated with an increase in IMT only in women aged <78 versus women without ED (p=0,047).Conclusion. In the population sample of 58-82 years old, mutual associations of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (ED, IMT, ASP of CAs) have not been confirmed. Only in women aged <78 years, ED was associated with an increase in IMT. The results obtained indicate that the treatment approaches proposed for young and middle-aged people may be less effective in old and senile age.
Analysis of radial artery occlusion causes and methods of its prevention after interventions using radial access. Results of the APRIORI study
Authors: Ognerubov D. V. , Provatorov S. I. , Merkulov E. V. , Merkulov A. S. , Kupina K. I. , Pogorelova O. A. , Tripoten M. I. , Balakhonova T. V. , Kairaliev D. M. , Grossman A. E. , Osokina A. K. , Potekhina A. V. , Samko A. N. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study predictors of radial artery occlusion (RAO) and ways to prevent it after interventions using radial access.Material and methods. The study consisted of prospective and retrospective parts. The total number of included patients was 2284. Patients undergoing interventions by radial access in various medical organizations were retrospectively considered. The prospective study included 1284 patients who were subject to interventional treatment. Patients were randomized into two groups as follows: in group 1, hemostasis was performed within 4 hours, in group 2 — >6 hours. All patients underwent a bedside Barbeau test with a pulse oximeter and an ultrasound of access arteries to determine the radial artery patency/occlusion.Results. The RAO rate in the retrospective part was 21,8%, while in the prospective one — 10,1% with long-term hemostasis and 1,4% with short-term hemostasis (p<0,001). Predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR), 1,9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-3,4, p=0,03) and an increase in hemostasis duration by 1 hour (OR, 1,2, 95% CI, 1,1-1,3, p<0,001). When analyzing the retrospective part, the predictors of RAO were body mass index (OR, 1,06, 95% CI, 1,02-1,09, p=0,002), female sex (OR, 0,6, 95% CI, 0,4-0,9, p=0,02), smoking (OR, 1,38, 95% CI, 1-1,91, p=0,047). The administration of statins in different dosages, as well as antihypertensive and anti-ischemic agents, did not have a significant effect on the RAO rate.Conclusion. The main predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes, an increase in hemostasis duration, female sex, smoking, and the artery-to-introducer diameter ratio. Taking statins, anti-ischemic and antihypertensive agents does not have a protective effect on RAO rate.
Markers of myocardial injury and inflammation after radiofrequency ablation in children and adolescents
Authors: Peregudina O. L. , Chueva K. A. , Tatarsky R. B. , Lebedev D. S. , Vasilyeva E. Yu. , Kayumova E. E. , Vasichkina E. S. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To assess the severity of myocardial damage and inflammation after radiofrequency ablation in children and adolescents using biochemical markers.Material and methods. The study included 58 children with tachyarrhythmias (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, WPW phenomenon, atrial tachycardia, paroxysmal atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia) who underwent catheter ablation from July to October 2019. Before and after surgical treatment (after 2 hours and 5 days), the blood concentrations of myocardial damage and inflammation biomarkers (myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase-MB, interleukin-8, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, heart-type fatty acid binding protein). During the operation, catheter ablation parameters (power, temperature, application duration), the localization of arrhythmogenic focus and the type of ablation catheter were recorded. Their relationship with changes in the concentration of biochemical markers before and after intervention was studied.Results. Two hours after the operation, the concentrations of myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase-MB, MMP-9, heart-type fatty acid binding protein were increased several times (p<0,05). Changes in concentrations of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha after the operation was not revealed. On the 5th day, elevated levels of cardiac markers returned to baseline values. MMP-9 level also decreased, but was higher than the preoperative level. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, a direct relationship was revealed between the application duration and heart-type fatty acid binding protein level.Conclusion. Radiofrequency ablation is a safe method of treating arrhythmias in children and adolescents, since there is low volume of damaged myocardium. There was a slight increase in the level of biochemical markers after ablation (myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase-MB, fatty acid binding protein, MMP-9), incomparable with their rise in acute coronary syndrome, as well as the rapid decrease in the early postoperative period.
Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in case of suspected prosthetic valve infective endocarditis
Authors: Aslanidi I. P. , Golukhova E. Z. , Pursanova D. M. , Mukhortova O. V. , Shurupova I. V. , Ekaeva I. V. , Katunina T. A. , Trifonova T. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in case of suspected prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).Material and methods. The results of PET/CT performed in 66 patients after heart valve replacement were analyzed: 55 patients with suspected PVE (≥3 months after surgery) and 11 comparison groups without PVE (2 months after surgery). In the group with suspected PVE (n=55) at the time of the study, 27% (15/55) had a normal body temperature, 85% (47/55) — no leukocytosis. In 16% (9/55), the examination was performed from 3 to 6 months after surgery and in 67% (37/55) — against the background of long-term antibiotic therapy (ABT). The final diagnosis of PVE was made on the basis of clinical (including 6±3 followup), laboratory, instrumental, and intraoperative (n=40) data: confirmed — in 37 patients; ruled out — in 29 patients. In order to determine the influence of factors on obtaining false PET/CT results, the odds ratio was calculated.Results. In the group with suspected PVE (n=55), the PET/CT results made it possible to establish and rule out PVE in 92% (34/37) and 67% (12/18) of patients, respectively. In 16% (9/55) of patients, false positive (n=6) and false negative (n=3) results. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in the diagnosis of PVE were 92%, 67% and 84%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values — 85% and 80%. The analysis of the odds ratio did not reveal the relationship of low inflammatory activity, the interval between surgery and PET/CT from 3 to 6 months, and long-term ABT before PET/CT with false PET/CT results (p>0,05). In the comparison group without PVE (n=11), 91% (10/11) received false positive PET/CT results, and one patient received a true negative result.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the high informative value of PET/CT in the diagnosis of PVE. Interval >2 months between surgery and PET/CT significantly reduces the accuracy of PET/CT results. Other factors analyzed in the presented group did not affect the accuracy of PET/CT results.
Recommendations for handling bitumen prior to FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Mirwald Johannes , Nura Drilon , Hofko Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe application of chemical analysis on bituminous materials has increased drastically over the past decades. One of the most common spectroscopic methods used in the field of research is Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Since ATR-FTIR is a surface sensitive method, sample or specimen handling of a complex material like bitumen prior to its analysis needs to be considered, especially for people new to the field or analysis technique. This study looks at the impact of heating time and temperature as well as storage time and conditions on the oxidation of the bituminous specimen. Four binders from the same crude oil source but different specification classes (unmodified and styrene–butadiene–styrene polymer modified) and two binders from different crude oil sources were investigated. The results show that heating small quantities of bitumen at 180 °C for up to 30 min has little impact on the formation of oxidized species, when proper thermal monitoring is conducted. Special cases where oxidation does occur are reported in detail. Furthermore, strong oxidation is induced by day light, when bitumen is stored behind glass with no UV radiation present, which can reach short-term ageing level within 1 h. Thus, heating bitumen at 180 °C for 5–10 min followed by storage in the dark, climatized room and measured within one hour after preparation is recommended. These results should act as recommendation for future specimen handling prior to FTIR spectroscopic analysis to ensure unbiased and comparable measurements.
DİFERANSİYE TİROİD KANSERİNDE REZİDÜ VE METASTAZIN BELİRLENMESİNDE TÜM VÜCUT TARAMA İLE TİROGLOBULİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Koçak İsmail , Önner Hasan , Kaya Buğra , Sarı Oktay 
Published: January 2022

AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda, radyoaktif iyot (RAİ) tedavisi alan diferansiye tiroid kanserli (DTK) hastalarda tiroglobulin (Tg) ile tedavi sonrası tüm vücut tarama (TVT) sintigrafisinin rezidü ve/veya metastaz saptamada önemleri karşılaştırılmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Total ya da totale yakın tiroidektomi cerrahisi geçiren, DTK tanısı alan ve RAİ ablasyon tedavisi verilen hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalara RAİ tedavisi öncesi L-Tiroksin tedavisi kesilip, 14 gün iyottan fakir diyet verilerek tedavi öncesinde serum TSH seviyesinin 30 IU/ml’den yüksek olması sağlandı. Tedavi öncesi serum tiroid stimülan hormon (TSH), Tg, tiroglobulin antikoru (Anti-Tg) değerlerine bakıldı. Hastalara 50-250 mCi (ortalama 135 mCi) aralığında RAİ tedavisi verildi. Tedavinin 7. gününde TVT yapıldı.BULGULAR: Toplam incelenen 483 hastadan tedavi öncesi TSH &gt;30 IU/ml olan 431 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. TVT (+) olan 373 hastanın 243’ünde Tg (+) olarak bulundu. 373 hastanın 28’inde uzak metastaz tespit edildi. TVT (-) 58 hastanın 13'ünde Tg (+) olarak bulundu. PET/BT'de bu 13 hastanın 2'sinde uzak metastaz gözlendi. 431 hastanın 107’sinde (% 24) TVT (+) olmasına rağmen serum Tg seviyesi gerçek negatif olarak (Tg &lt;2 ng/ml ve AntiTg &lt;100 U/ml) tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalardan birinde uzak metastaz saptanırken, diğer hastalarda rezidü ve/veya servikal lenfatik metastaz mevcuttu.SONUÇ: Bulgularımız DTK’inde Tg ölçümünün rezidü doku ve/veya servikal lenfatik metastazını ortaya koymada yetersizliğini göstermektedir. TVT’nin özellikle boyun bölgesindeki rezidü ve/veya lenfatik metastazları tespit ve lokalize etmede tamamlayıcı rolü olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.