bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light/dark and temperature cycling modulate metabolic electron flow inPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms
Authors: Kahl Lisa Juliane , Eckartt Kelly N. , Morales Diana K. , Price-Whelan Alexa , Dietrich Lars E. P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSunlight drives phototrophic metabolism, which affects redox conditions and produces substrates for non-phototrophs. These environmental parameters fluctuate daily due to Earth’s rotation, and non-phototrophic organisms can therefore benefit from the ability to respond to, or even anticipate, such changes. Circadian rhythms, such as daily changes in body temperature, in host organisms can also affect local conditions for colonizing bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of light/dark and temperature cycling on biofilms of the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosaPA14. We grew biofilms in the presence of a respiratory indicator dye and found that greater dye reduction occurred in biofilm zones that formed during dark intervals and at lower temperatures. This pattern formation occurred with cycling of blue, red, or far-red light, and a screen of mutants representing potential sensory proteins identified two with defects in pattern formation, specifically under red light cycling. We also found that the physiological states of biofilm subzones formed under specific light and temperature conditions were retained during subsequent condition cycling. Light/dark and temperature cycling affected expression of genes involved in primary metabolic pathways and redox homeostasis, including those encoding electron transport chain components. Consistent with this, we found thatcbb3-type oxidases contribute to dye reduction under light/dark cycling conditions. Together, our results indicate that cyclic changes in light exposure and temperature have lasting effects on redox metabolism in biofilms formed by a non-phototrophic, pathogenic bacterium.IMPORTANCEOrganisms that do not obtain energy from light can nevertheless be affected by daily changes in light exposure. Many aspects of animal and fungal physiology fluctuate in response to these changes, including body temperature and the activities of antioxidant and other redox enzymes that play roles in metabolism. Whether redox metabolism is affected by light/dark and temperature cycling in bacteria that colonize such circadian organisms has not been studied in detail. Here we show that growth under light/dark and temperature cycling leads to rhythmic changes in redox metabolism inPseudomonas aeruginosaand identify proteins involved in this response.P. aeruginosais a major cause of healthcare-associated infections and designated as a serious threat by the CDC due to its recalcitrance during treatments. Our findings have the potential to inform therapeutic strategies that incorporate controlled light exposure or considerP. aeruginosa’s responses to conditions in the host.
Bacterial Pneumonia and Respiratory Culture Utilization among Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Weidmann Maxwell D. , Berry Gregory J. , Zucker Jason E. , Huang Simian , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. , Green Daniel A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 is associated with prolonged hospitalization and a high risk of intubation, which raises concern for bacterial co-infection and antimicrobial resistance. Previous research has shown a wide range of bacterial pneumonia rates for COVID-19 patients in a variety of clinical and demographic settings, but none have compared hospitalized COVID-19 patients to patients testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 in similar care settings. We performed a retrospective cohort study on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 testing from 10 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. A total of 19,219 patients were included, of which 3,796 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We found a 2.6-fold increase (p < 0.001) in respiratory culture ordering in COVID-19 patients. On a per-patient basis, COVID-19 patients were 1.5-fold more likely than non-COVID patients to have abnormal respiratory cultures (46.8% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001), which was primarily driven by patients requiring intubation. Among patients with pneumonia, a significantly higher proportion of COVID-19 patients had ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) relative to non-COVID patients (85.7% vs 55.1%, p <0.001), but a lower proportion had community-acquired (12.2% vs 22.1%, p < 0.01) or hospital-acquired pneumonia (2.1% vs. 22.8%, p < 0.001). There was also a significantly higher proportion of respiratory cultures positive for MRSA, K. pneumoniae, and antibiotic-resistant organisms in COVID-19 patients. Increased rates of respiratory culture ordering for COVID-19 patients therefore appear to be clinically justified for patients requiring intubation, but further research is needed to understand how SARS-CoV-2 increases the risk of VAP.
Community vaccination can shorten the COVID-19 isolation period: an individual-based modeling approach
Authors: Sararat Chayanin , Wangkanai Jidchanok , Wilasang Chaiwat , Chantanasaro Tanakorn , Modchang Charin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsolation of infected individuals and quarantine of their contacts are usually employed to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While 14-day isolation of infected individuals could effectively reduce the risk of subsequence transmission, it also significantly impacts the patient’s financial, psychological, and emotional well-being. It is, therefore, vital to investigate how the isolation duration could be shortened when effective vaccines are available and in what circumstances we can live with COVID-19 without isolation and quarantine.MethodsAn individual-based modeling approach was employed to estimate the likelihood of secondary infections and the likelihood of an outbreak following the isolation of an index case for a range of isolation periods. Our individual-based model integrates the viral loads and infectiousness profiles of vaccinated and unvaccinated infected individuals. The effects of waning vaccine-induced immunity against Delta and Omicron variant transmission were also investigated.ResultsIn the baseline scenario in which all individuals are unvaccinated, and no nonpharmaceutical interventions are employed, there is a chance of about 3% that an unvaccinated index case will make at least one secondary infection after being isolated for 14 days, and a sustained chain of transmission can occur with a chance of less than 1%. We found that at the outbreak risk equivalent to that of 14-day isolation in the baseline scenario, the isolation duration can be shortened to 7.33 days (95% CI 6.68-7.98) if 75% of people in the community are fully vaccinated during the last three months. In the best-case scenario in which all individuals in the community are fully vaccinated, isolation of infected individuals may no longer be necessary. However, to keep the outbreak risk low, a booster vaccination may be necessary three months after full vaccination. Finally, our simulations showed that the reduced vaccine effectiveness against transmission of the Omicron variant does not much affect the risk of an outbreak if the vaccine effectiveness against infection is maintained at a high level via booster vaccination.ConclusionsThe isolation duration of a vaccine breakthrough infector could be safely shortened if a majority of people in the community are immune to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A booster vaccination may be necessary three months after full vaccination to keep the outbreak risk low.
Binding of cardiolipin to the KcsA channel at the membrane outer leaflet allosterically opens the inner gate
Authors: Inada Masataka , Iwamoto Masayuki , Yoshida Norio , Oiki Shigetoshi , Matsumori Nobuaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMembrane proteins embedded in the membrane undergo changes in their actions under the influence of membrane lipids. Here, we present a novel type of lipid action on the potassium channel KcsA from Streptomyces lividans. Cardiolipin is present in various cellular membranes, including the host membrane of KcsA. Although the M0 domain, a nontransmembrane helix, is known to sense anionic lipids in the inner leaflet, we found that divalent anionic cardiolipin in the outer leaflet of the membrane interacts with positively charged residues, Arg64 and Arg89, on the extracellular side of the transmembrane domain. This binding propagates its action across the membrane toward the intracellular region of KcsA, thus, opening the inner gate. Such a long-range allosteric effect has not been found for channel–lipid interactions.
Antiviral DExD/H-box helicase 60 selectively inhibits translation from type II internal ribosome entry sites
Authors: Sadic Mohammad , Schneider William M. , Katsara Olga , Medina Gisselle N. , Mogulothu Aishwarya , Yu Yingpu , Gu Meigang , de los Santos Teresa , Schneider Robert J. , Dittmann Meike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring viral infection, competition ensues between viruses and their host cells to control the protein synthesis machinery. In response, certain host defense proteins globally limit mRNA translation. However, this is also detrimental for host protein synthesis. Here we describe an interferon-stimulated helicase, DDX60, that specifically inhibits translation from type II viral internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). IRESs are RNA structures that enable mRNAs to recruit ribosomes directly, bypassing translation initiation using a 5’ cap. DDX60 was previously observed to inhibit replication of a reporter hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show that DDX60 likely does not inhibit HCV replication, but surprisingly, inhibits the type II IRES used in the reporter HCV genomic RNA. Using firefly luciferase mRNAs translationally driven by different viral IRESs or a 5’ cap analog, we show that DDX60 selectively reduces translation driven by type II IRESs of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), but not other IRES types or a 5’ cap analog. Correspondingly, DDX60 reduces EMCV and FMDV (type II IRES) replication, but not poliovirus or bovine enterovirus 1 (type I IRES) replication. Furthermore, replacing the IRES of poliovirus with a type II IRES is sufficient for DDX60 to inhibit poliovirus replication. Finally, we demonstrate that DDX60 specifically reduces polysome binding on type II IRES mRNA, but not 5’ cap-dependent mRNA. Our data demonstrate that the cellular defense factor DDX60 counteracts viral takeover of host translation by blocking ribosome access to type II IRES elements specifically.
Ascending neurons convey behavioral state to integrative sensory and action selection centers in the brain
Authors: Chen Chin-Lin , Aymanns Florian , Minegishi Ryo , Matsuda Victor D. V. , Talabot Nicolas , Günel Semih , Dickson Barry J. , Ramdya Pavan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKnowledge of one’s own behavioral state—whether one is walking, grooming, or resting—is critical for contextualizing sensory cues including interpreting visual motion and tracking odor sources. Additionally, awareness of one’s own posture is important to avoid initiating destabilizing or physically impossible actions. Ascending neurons (ANs), interneurons in the vertebrate spinal cord or insect ventral nerve cord (VNC) that project to the brain, may provide such high-fidelity behavioral state signals. However, little is known about what ANs encode and where they convey signals in any brain. To address this gap, we performed a large-scale functional screen of AN movement encoding, brain targeting, and motor system patterning in the adult fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Using a new library of AN sparse driver lines, we measured the functional properties of 247 genetically-identifiable ANs by performing two-photon microscopy recordings of neural activity in tethered, behaving flies. Quantitative, deep network-based neural and behavioral analyses revealed that ANs nearly exclusively encode high-level behaviors—primarily walking as well as resting and grooming—rather than low-level joint or limb movements. ANs that convey self-motion—resting, walking, and responses to gust-like puff stimuli—project to the brain’s anterior ventrolateral protocerebrum (AVLP), a multimodal, integrative sensory hub, while those that encode discrete actions—eye grooming, turning, and proboscis extension—project to the brain’s gnathal ganglion (GNG), a locus for action selection. The structure and polarity of AN projections within the VNC are predictive of their functional encoding and imply that ANs participate in motor computations while also relaying state signals to the brain. Illustrative of this are ANs that temporally integrate proboscis extensions over tens-of-seconds, likely through recurrent interconnectivity. Thus, in line with long-held theoretical predictions, ascending populations convey high-level behavioral state signals almost exclusively to brain regions implicated in sensory feature contextualization and action selection.
Augmenting effectiveness of geared turbofan engines by dual stage radial blisks
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shouvik , Jagdeep Tanooj , Pandey Koshika , Sadrani Nishchay , B.T. Kannan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to propose a novel configuration for turbofan engine inlets to increase the overall effectiveness of the engine.

Design/methodology/approach
Conventional fan has been split radially into two blisk stages, namely, core blisk and bypass blisk. The two blisks are driven by a common shaft but rotate at two different revolutions per minutes (RPMs) on the same plane of rotation simultaneously through a planetary gear mechanism. To avoid any mechanical contact between the two stages, a minimum optimum distance is kept between them.

Findings
An apt reduction ratio of planetary gears allows the bypass blisk to rotate at a lower RPM. Thus, unlike conventional geared single fan configuration, transonic speed at the blade’s tip is prevented without decreasing the core stage’s RPM. Consequently, wave drag is eradicated without compromising the engine's core performance as surplus air can always be supplied to it. Compressor stall and surge can also be significantly reduced.

Research limitations/implications
The concept is at its infancy. Extensive iterations and experimentations are required before implementing it practically.

Practical implications
The configuration fulfils to conceive a practical and industrially scalable method to extract better performance from existing engine architecture with minimal changes while reducing noise and emissions, meeting the short-term emission and noise goals unless electric or hydrogen-powered flight fully matured.

Social implications
The present concept reduces engine noise and thereby helps in reduction of airport noise pollution. This concept also helps in reducing global warming by reducing emissions.

Originality/value
The paper presents a novel configuration for a turbofan engine’s inlet fan and discusses its engineering implications and initial feasibility in detail.
Opening the black box of organizational Machiavellianism: is co-innovation coming to an end as a driver of innovation performance?
Authors: Arias-Pérez José , Perdomo-Charry Geovanny , Lozada Nelson 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The discussion on co-innovation inhibitors usually focuses on external actors’ opportunism, related to the loss of intellectual property. However, from the organizational Machiavellianism perspective, inhibitors are not external as the company itself is a source of constraints. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research studies examining the possible negative impact of organizational Machiavellian behavior such as amorality or distrust and desire for control, which could destroy external partners’ trust and commitment. This paper aims to analyze the effect of organizational Machiavellianism on the relationship between co-innovation and innovation performance (product and process innovation).

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equations were used to test the research model using survey data from a sample of companies located in an emerging country with a high risk of corruption.

Findings
Surprisingly, distrust and desire for control do not moderate the relationship between co-innovation and innovation performance, but do have a positive and direct effect on innovation performance. Conversely, amorality has a negative moderating effect on this relationship.

Originality/value
The study reveals that amorality is an evident constraint of the positive impact of co-innovation, as it diminishes the amount and quality of external actors’ contributions in terms of new ideas and knowledge. In contrast, distrust and desire for control alert the firm about opportunistic behavior by external partners such as technology providers, who may induce the firm to adopt an inadequate technological standard in line with their commercial interests.
Computing the severities of critical onsite assembly risk factors for modular integrated construction projects
Authors: Wuni Ibrahim Yahaya , Shen Geoffrey Qiping , Saka Abdullahi B. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose Modular integrated construction (MiC) reengineers the traditional construction process. By introducing factory production and onsite assembly (OA) of modules, MiC reinvents construction projects' uncertainties and risk profiles. The OA stage constitutes the highest end of the MiC delivery and supply chains, where several inherited and symbiotic errors and risk events become realities, negatively impacting the MiC project's success. This study explored the severities of OA risk factors for MiC projects.Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review, consultation of experts and a questionnaire survey of domain experts were conducted to assess the severity of fifteen OA risk factors for MiC projects. The risk severity index was used to compute and rank the severities of critical OA risk factors for MiC projects, followed by proposed mitigation strategies.Findings The study revealed that the top five OA risk factors with the severest impact on MiC projects include modules installation discrepancies and errors, poor cooperation among critical onsite stakeholders, a mismatch between production schedules and site conditions, improper lifting equipment selection for onsite installation and site-fit rework due to discrepancies in drawings.Originality/value This study is the first to offer some important insights into the uncertainties that could compromise the OA objectives of MiC projects. It discussed risk management strategies for known and unknown OA risks and made a unique contribution to the theory, practice, and praxis of MiC supply chain risk management.
Studying key antecedents of disruptive technology adoption in the digital supply chain: an Indian perspective
Authors: Mitra Tarit , Kapoor Rohit , Gupta Narain 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe study examines the key drivers of the adoption of disruptive technologies (DTs) in the digital supply chain (DSC) in developing nations.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected using well-established measures grounded in the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. The hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach using SmartPLS. The authors control for the demographics and apply the required statistical diagnostics for robust findings.FindingsThe compatibility and IT expertise were the two key factors in adopting the DTs in DSC in developing nations. The organizations with higher compatibility and internal IT expertise and competence witness a higher level of adoption of DT. The perceived cost and complexity were not found statistically significant. This may be probably because developing nations such as India do not perceive the technology adoption complex.Research limitations/implicationsThe research enhances DTs adoption, assuming it is organizational innovation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the DOI literature.Practical implicationsThe practicing managers should pay attention to addressing the existing technology compatibility issues and spend efforts on training employees to increase the IT expertise to improve the adoption of DT.Social implicationsThe greater adoption of the DTs in DSCs can reduce wastages in supply chains by a faster sense and response and greater technological flexibility with transparency and information sharing.Originality/valueThe key antecedent to the acceptance of the DTs in developing nations is compatibility than complexity and IT expertise than the cost. The study's originality lies in the fact that most studies on technology adoption study a single technology, but this study captures a holistic view on a group of technologies under industry 4.0.
Study on time-varying mixed lubrication performance of microgroove journal-thrust coupled bearing under water lubrication
Authors: Dai Haiming , Xiang Guo , Wang Jiaxu , Guo Juan , Wang Cheng , Jia Hang 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the time-varying mixed lubrication performance of microgroove journal-thrust coupled bearing (MJTCB) under nonlinear excitation.

Design/methodology/approach
A three degree of freedom (3-DOF) dynamic model of the rotor coupling with the transient mixed lubrication behavior is established. Based on numerical predictions, the role of the microgroove on the time-varying mixed lubrication performance of MJTCB is identified. The effects of the microgroove depth, microgroove shape and external load on the time-varying mixed lubrication performance of MJTCB are also studied.

Findings
Numerical results show that the effect of the coupling hydrodynamic on the time-varying mixed lubrication performance of the coupled bearing is strengthen with the increasing of microgroove depth. Furthermore, it is found that the optimal microgroove shape for the thrust bearing, arc or rectangle, highly depends on the microgroove depth. Finally, the contact performance of the thrust bearing is slightly affected by the radial external load.

Originality/value
This study is expected to achieve a better understanding of the time-varying mixed lubrication performance of MJTCB under nonlinear excitations.
Examining new measure of asnaf muslimpreneur success model: a Maqasid perspective
Authors: Amin Hanudin 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigatemustahiqbusiness success using a newly developed index called asnaf muslimpreneur success index (AMSi).Design/methodology/approachFollowing Abu Zaharah theory ofal-Maqasid al-Shariah, the authors developed the AMSi through literature analyses and expert judges involving threeShariahscholars for improved extensions and applications. Subsequently, the authors conducted the actual survey, which included 17mustahiqwho had been assisted by the zakat institution in running their small andhalalbusinesses in Sabah, Malaysia.FindingsUsing the AMSi, the success ofasnafbusinesses was in the moderate index, implying the success meets the index score of more than 50%. All indexes capturingasnafs’ business experience,asnafs’ business justice,asnafs’ well-being andasnafs’ financial wisdom were greater than the threshold value of 0.5 or 50%, implying that the interaction of the battery items involved in those variables resulted in satisfactory results, indicating that they are relevant and essential in gauging the asnafs’ success level in the development business programme.Research limitations/implicationsThe results obtained were at the exploratory level, and for that, more studies related are expected to be conducted in the future, where the coverage of the respondents used is larger to extend the findings, at least.Practical implicationsThe results obtained can become a yardstick to gauge the success ofasnafmuslimpreneurs in Sabah, East Malaysia.Originality/valueThis study introduces new measures ofasnafmuslimpreneur success model, wheremustahiqbusiness is brought into play.