bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should I stay or should I go? Migrating away from an incumbent platform
Authors: Biglaiser Gary , Crémer Jacques , Veiga André 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study incumbency advantage in markets with positive consumption externalities. Users of an incumbent platform receive stochastic opportunities to migrate to an entrant and can either accept them or wait for a future opportunity. In some circumstances, users have incentives to delay migration until others have migrated. If they all do so, no migration takes place, even when migration would have been Pareto‐superior. We use our framework to identify environments where incumbency advantage is larger. A key result is that having more migration opportunities actually increases incumbency advantage.
Robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery improves perioperative outcomes in overweight and obese patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer undergoing lobectomy: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Li Rongyang , Ma Zheng , Li Yanzhi , Qu Chenghao , Qiu Jianhao , Zhang Yu , Wang Kun , Yue Weiming , Tian Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of robotic‐assisted lobectomy (RAL) for patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully evaluated.MethodsThis retrospective study compared the perioperative outcomes of NSCLC patients who underwent RAL and video‐assisted lobectomy (VAL) using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Subgroup analyses were then performed.ResultsA total of 822 NSCLC patients (359 RAL cases and 463 VAL cases) were included, and there were 292 patients in each group after PSM. Compared with the VAL group, the RAL group had a significantly higher number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested (10 vs. 8, p < 0.001) and more LN stations examined (6 vs. 5, p < 0.001). The operative duration (95 minutes vs. 115 minutes, p < 0.001) and intraoperative estimated blood loss (65 mL vs. 80 mL, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced, and the drainage volume on postoperative day (POD) 1 (240 mL vs. 200 mL, p < 0.001) and hospitalization costs (¥81084.96 vs. ¥66142.55, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the RAL group. Subgroup analysis indicated that the incidence of postoperative complications (17.9% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.042) was significantly reduced in the RAL group for overweight and obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥24 kg/m2), which became insignificant in the BMI < 24 kg/m2 subgroup (31.0% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.307).ConclusionRAL might have potential advantages in terms of lymph node assessment, reducing intraoperative blood loss, and shortening operation duration. Overweight and obese patients could benefit more from RAL because of reduced risk of postoperative complications.
Modeling the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic‐driven increases in alcohol consumption on health outcomes and hospitalization costs in the United States
Authors: Barbosa Carolina , Dowd William N. , Neuwahl Simon J. , Rehm Jürgen , Imtiaz Sameer , Zarkin Gary A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol consumption increased in the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risky drinking are linked to harmful health effects. This paper aimed to project future health and cost impacts of shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignAn individual‐level simulation model of the long‐term drinking patterns for people with life‐time AUD was used to simulate 10 000 individuals and project model outcomes to the estimated 25.9 million current drinkers with life‐time AUD in the United States. The model considered three scenarios: (1) no change (counterfactual for comparison); (2) increased drinking levels persist for 1 year (‘increase‐1’) and (3) increased drinking levels persist for 5 years (‘increase‐5’).SettingUnited States.ParticipantsCurrent drinkers with life‐time AUD.MeasurementsLife expectancy [life‐years (LYs)], quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), alcohol‐related hospitalizations and associated hospitalization costs and alcohol‐related deaths, during a 5‐year period.FindingsShort‐term increases in alcohol consumption (increase‐1 scenario) resulted in a loss of 79 000 [95% uncertainty interval (UI]) 26 000–201 000] LYs, a loss of 332 000 (104 000–604 000) QALYs and 295 000 (82 000–501 000) more alcohol‐related hospitalizations, costing an additional $5.4 billion ($1.5–9.3 billion) over 5 years. Hospitalizations for cirrhosis of the liver accounted for approximately $3.0 billion ($0.9–4.8 billion) in hospitalization costs, more than half the increase across all alcohol‐related conditions. Health and cost impacts were more pronounced for older age groups (51+), women and non‐Hispanic black individuals. Increasing the duration of pandemic‐driven increases in alcohol consumption in the increase‐5 scenario resulted in larger impacts.ConclusionsSimulations show that if the increase in alcohol consumption observed in the United States in the first year of the pandemic continues, alcohol‐related mortality, morbidity and associated costs will increase substantially over the next 5 years.
Do doctors preferring forceps encounter more obstetric anal sphincter injuries: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Nagi Kusam , Karantanis Emmanuel , Mallitt Kylie‐Ann 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) is a hospital‐acquired injury and can affect a woman's quality of life with problems such as anal incontinence, perineal pain, dyspareunia, mental health, psychosexual issues, and concerns about future childbirth choices.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between a doctor's preference for instruments, their individual OASIS rate and whether factors such as their fully dilated caesarean section rate, rate of double instrumental and seniority, influences their individual rate of OASIS.Materials and methodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed on 1340 term nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies who underwent an instrumental delivery or fully dilated caesarean section. A survey of doctors involved in these deliveries was performed. The risk of OASIS was analysed for maternal age, ethnicity, birth position, level of training and doctor's instrument preference using a generalised linear mixed model. Doctors’ instrument preferences were established in two ways: a self‐reported survey and data‐inferred preference based on the most used instrument per doctor. The OASIS rate for individual doctors was calculated.ResultsThe overall risk of OASIS is higher for forceps compared to vacuum deliveries. Doctors with a preference for forceps compared to vacuum, correlated with both a lower OASIS rate and a higher fully dilated caesarean section rate.ConclusionsDoctors preferring forceps report a lower OASIS and higher fully dilated caesarean section rate. Doctors preferring vacuum must consider carefully whether forceps should follow if a vacuum fails as OASIS is more likely to occur.
In Strongman We Trust: The Political Legacy of the New Village Movement in South Korea
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Park Sunkyoung , Yang Hyunjoo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study explores how authoritarian distributive policies may not only generate political support for the autocrat but may also help sustain powerful and lasting authoritarian legacies. We use microlevel data from South Korea's New Village Movement, a 1970s rural development program implemented under dictator Park Chung‐hee and widely touted as contributing to the country's rapid economic development. Our analysis shows that townships in receipt of larger cash transfers cast more votes for Park's incumbent party in the subsequent election. More importantly, we show that the effects of the subsidies still appeared almost four decades later in 2012, when the dictator's daughter was democratically elected as the president of South Korea. We show that these effects were not driven by villagers’ long‐term income gains or enhanced social capital due to the program but by the unwavering support of the beneficiary villagers for the dictator, whose legacy remained strong long after democratization.
“A Sacred Effort”: Lincoln's Second Inaugural and the Problem of Justice
Authors: Ruderman Richard S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLincoln's Second Inaugural has both impressed and perplexed audiences since its initial delivery. While most have been deeply moved by his call for “malice toward none” and “charity for all,” they have often been equally puzzled and even put off by the stern religiosity on display in the paragraph prior to his peroration. He was even accused, at the time, of “substituting religion for statesmanship.” I argue that it is his statesmanlike use of religion—indeed, of a new hybrid (still unnamed) religion, Judeo‐Christianity—that provided the moral and psychological ground for overcoming the “malice” that so often attends the end of wars. Unlike the post religious (and uncharitable) statesmanship of the Allies in World War I that contributed to the outbreak of World War II, Lincoln's statesmanship in the Second Inaugural provides a model for how to keep the “settling of scores”—the desire for punitive justice—from snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.
Indigenous Philosophies and the "Psychedelic Renaissance"
Authors: Williams Keith , Romero Osiris Sinuhé González , Braunstein Michelle , Brant Suzanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Western world is experiencing a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, most of which are derived from plants or fungi with a history of Indigenous ceremonial use. Recent research has revealed that psychedelic compounds have the potential to address treatment‐resistant depression and anxiety, as well as post‐traumatic stress disorder and addictions. These findings have contributed to the decriminalization of psychedelics in some jurisdictions and their legalization in others. Despite psychedelics’ opaque legal status, numerous companies and individuals are profiting from speculative investments with few, if any, benefits accruing to Indigenous Peoples. In this paper, we suggest that the aptly named “psychedelic renaissance,” like the European Renaissance, is made possible by colonial extractivism. We further suggest that Indigenous philosophical traditions offer alternative approaches to reorient the “psychedelic renaissance” towards a more equitable future for Indigenous Peoples, psychedelic medicines, and all our relations.
Unexplained fever in children—Benefits and challenges of FDG‐PET/CT
Authors: Nygaard Ulrikka , Larsen Laerke Vinge , Vissing Nadja Hawwa , von Linstow Marie‐Louise , Myrup Charlotte , Berthelsen Anne Kiil , Poulsen Anja , Borgwardt Lise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo explore [fluorine‐18]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron‐emission‐tomography/computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) in patients where standard investigations were non‐diagnostic.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of previously healthy children who had 18FDG‐PET/CT performed at Copenhagen University Hospital in 2015–2020 due to unexplained fever.ResultsThirty‐five of 819 paediatric 18FDG‐PET/CT were performed due to unexplained fever. The final diagnoses were malignancy (11%), infections (23%), inflammatory diseases (43%) and miscellaneous (26%). 18FDG‐PET/CT was diagnostic in six cases with Takayasu's arteritis, tuberculosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Ewing sarcoma. Sixteen cases had focal 18FDG‐uptake, but 18FDG‐PET/CT could only differentiate malignancy, infection and inflammation in three cases. In six cases with inflammatory diseases and no focal signs, PET/CT was normal except increased non‐specific 18FDG‐uptake in bone marrow and spleen in five cases. One case was false positive (suspicion of appendicitis) and two false negative (leukaemia and inflammatory disease).Conclusion18FDG‐PET/CT was diagnostic, or contributed to the diagnosis, in several children with unexplained fever referred to a tertiary centre. Challenges comprised (i) only increased non‐specific 18FDG‐uptake in bone marrow and spleen in half of cases with inflammatory diseases, (ii) no differentiation between complicated infections, malignancy and inflammation in most cases with focal processes and (iii) a small risk of false positive and false negative results.
Out in the field
Authors: Mackay Anson W. , Bishop Isabel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis commentary expands upon Bracken & Mawdsley's (2004) paper, ‘Muddy glee: rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork’ to consider the experiences of LGBTQI+ people. Reflecting on our own fieldwork experiences between the early 1990s and today, we provide personal insight into some of the challenges faced by LGBTQI+ field scientists. Although the nature of our personal challenges differs through time, space and our own specific identities and intersectionalities, we concur that exclusion of LGBTQI+ people is a widespread problem in fieldwork. This is true of many different modes of physical fieldwork, suggesting that redefining what fieldwork looks like does not automatically remove barriers to entry for marginalised groups. Instead, we argue that inclusivity should be championed across all types of field activities, and that discipline‐wide effort is required to ensure safe strategies are developed for all at‐risk individuals.
Cemeteries and crematoria, forgotten public space in multicultural Europe. An agenda for inclusion and citizenship
Authors: Maddrell Avril , Beebeejaun Yasminah , Kmec Sonja , Wingren Carola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn western Europe, municipal or otherwise state‐commissioned cemeteries and crematoria are public spaces and services, open to all. Cemeteries and crematoria grounds are neglected in geographical, planning and policy debates about the character, design, management, use and accessibility of public spaces, and likewise debates about the social inclusion of migrants and minorities. This may reflect a tendency to situate cemeteries socially and geographically in the peripheries of contemporary European society, but they are, nonetheless, sites of vital public health infrastructure, as well as being highly significant symbolic, religious‐spiritual, secular‐sacred, and emotionally laden places. Examining cemeteries‐crematoria against a criteria of inclusive public space provides new insights into (1) the nature of public space and its governance; (2) rights and barriers to shared public spaces and associated infrastructure in everyday multicultural contexts; (3) national–local negotiations of majority‐minorities social relations and cultural practices in and through public spaces; and (4) the need to place municipal cemeteries‐crematoria centre stage in scholarship and policy on public space which is culturally inclusive and serves all citizens.
Joint Semiparametric Models for Case-Cohort Designs
Authors: Zhong Weibin , Diao Guoqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo-phase studies such as case-cohort and nested case-control studies are widely used cost-effective sampling strategies. In the first phase, the observed failure/censoring time and inexpensive exposures are collected. In the second phase, a subgroup of subjects is selected for measurements of expensive exposures based on the information from the first phase. One challenging issue is how to utilize all the available information to conduct efficient regression analyses of the two-phase study data. This paper proposes a joint semiparametric modeling of the survival outcome and the expensive exposures. Specifically, we assume a class of semiparametric transformation models and a semiparametric density ratio model for the survival outcome and the expensive exposures, respectively. The class of semiparametric transformation models includes the proportional hazards model and the proportional odds model as special cases. The density ratio model is flexible in modeling multivariate mixed-type data. We develop efficient likelihood-based estimation and inference procedures and establish the large sample properties of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators. Extensive numerical studies reveal that the proposed methods perform well under practical settings. The proposed methods also appear to be reasonably robust under various model mis-specifications. An application to the National Wilms Tumor Study is provided.
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in haematological patients paucisymptomatic for COVID‐19: The GIMEMA EMATO‐0321 study
Authors: Marasco Vincenzo , Piciocchi Alfonso , Candoni Anna , Pagano Livio , Guidetti Anna , Musto Pellegrino , Bruna Riccardo , Bocchia Monica , Visentin Andrea , Turrini Mauro , Tucci Alessandra , Pilerci Sofia , Fianchi Luana , Salvini Marco , Galimberti Sara , Coviello Elisa , Selleri Carmine , Luppi Mario , Crea Enrico , Fazi Paola , Passamonti Francesco , Corradini Paolo 
Published: July 2022

SummaryCOVID‐19 continues to be a relevant issue among patients with haematological malignancies (HM). Vaccines are frequently not effective in subjects on active treatment. In this multicentre retrospective study of Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA), we collected data from 91 paucisymptomatic HM patients treated with anti‐spike neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMoAbs) to determine time to viral clearance, referencing it to the expected value of 28 days from an historical group of untreated paucisymptomatic patients. Secondary endpoints included rate of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, COVID‐19 related death and safety. SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular swab negativity was obtained in 86 patients (95%), with a median time of 18 days (IQR 13–26; p < 0.0001). We did not find significant variations according to age, diagnosis, treatment type, vaccination status or nMoAbs type. Rate of hospitalization due to COVID‐19 progression was 12% (11/91), with 2 patients (2.2%) requiring ICU admission. With a median follow‐up of 2.33 months, the overall mortality was 5.5% (5/91), with 3 deaths due to COVID‐19. Side effects were rare and self‐limiting. Our data suggest that nMoAbs can limit the detrimental effect of immunosuppressive treatments on COVID‐19 clinical progression and time to viral clearance. The original trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04932967.
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) mediates pyrene‐induced inflammatory responses in mouse liver, with increased serum amyloid A proteins and Th17 cells
Authors: Shi Zhe , Li Xue , Zhang Yu‐Man , Zhou Yi‐Yao , Gan Xiu‐Feng , Fan Qiao‐Ying , He Chen‐Qing , Shi Tong , Zhang Shu‐Yun 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeThe constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a known xenobiotic sensor, plays an important role in drug metabolism by regulating numerous genes. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene, an environmental pollutant, is a CAR activator and induces mouse hepatotoxicity via CAR. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response in pyrene‐caused mice liver injury.Experimental ApproachEffects of pyrene on the liver were investigated in wild‐type and CAR knockout (KO) mice. Levels of pyrene and its urinary metabolite were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Inflammatory responses were measured by qRT‐PCR, western blotting, and ELISA for cytokines.Key ResultsSerum amyloid A proteins (SAAs) were markedly increased in the liver and serum of pyrene‐exposed wild‐type mice. IL‐17‐producing helper T cells (Th17 cells) and IL‐17 levels were increased in the liver of pyrene‐exposed wild‐type mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα, and serum IL‐6 levels were significantly elevated in pyrene‐treated wild‐type mice. However, these changes were not observed in CAR KO mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsCAR plays a crucial role in pyrene‐caused mice liver inflammatory response with increased SAAs and Th17 cells. Our results suggest that serum SAAs may be a convenient biomarker for early diagnosis of liver inflammatory response caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including pyrene. CAR and Th17 cells may be potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies for xenobiotic‐induced liver inflammation.
Asia Pacific perspectives on the second year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A follow‐up survey
Authors: Pawankar Ruby , Thong Bernard Yu‐Hor , Tiongco‐Recto Marysia , Wang Jiu‐Yao , Latiff Amir Hamzah Abdul , Leung Ting Fan , Li Philip Hei , Lobo Rommel Crisenio M. , Lucas Michela , Oh Jae‐Won , Kamchaisatian Wasu , Nagao Mizuho , Rengganis Iris , Udwadia Zarir F. , Dhar Raja , Munkhbayarlakh Sonomjamts , Narantsetseg Logii , Pham Duy Le , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Luo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is currently in its third year. This follow‐up survey was commissioned by the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology (APAAACI) Task Force on COVID‐19 to compare and contrast changes in the epidemiology, clinical profile, therapeutics and public health measures of the pandemic in the Asia Pacific region.MethodsA questionnaire‐based survey comprising 32 questions was electronically sent out to all 15 member countries of APAAACI using Survey Monkey® from 1 December 2021 to 28 February 2022.ResultsSeventeen responses were received from 14/15 (93.4%) member countries and 3 individual members. Mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 predominated over severe infection, largely contributed by COVID‐19 vaccination programmes in the region. The incidence of vaccine adverse reactions in particular anaphylaxis from messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines was no longer as high as initially anticipated, although perimyocarditis remains a concern in younger males. Novel therapeutics for mild‐to‐moderate disease including neutralizing antibodies casirivimab/imdevimab (REGEN‐COV®) and sotrovimab (Xevudy®), anti‐virals Paxlovid® (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and Molnupiravir pre‐exposure prophylaxis for high‐risk persons with Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab (Evusheld) are now also available to complement established therapeutics (e.g., remdesivir, dexamethasone and baricitinib) for severe disease. In the transition to endemicity, public health measures are also evolving away from containment/elimination strategies.ConclusionsWith access to internationally recommended standards of care including public health preventive measures, therapeutics and vaccines among most APAAACI member countries, much progress has been made over the 2‐year period in minimizing the morbidity and mortality from COVID‐19 disease.