bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface metrology as a tool in surfboard manufacturing to assess machinability of expanded polystyrene blanks via CNC milling
Authors: Mielke H G , Costa H L , Amado F D R , Amaral F A D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although most of the current surfboards are manufactured industrially, the use of rigorous surface metrology is scarce to control the surface finish of CNC-milled expanded polystyrene (EPS) blanks. The present study aimed to evaluate the surface finish of EPS blanks machined by a CNC milling machine with a diamond disc tool, designed for surfboard manufacturing. Four EPS blanks of different brands and densities were characterized, machined at two feed rates: (a) 10 m min−1 and (b) 5 m min−1, and the quality of the surface finish was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy as well as a confocal laser scanning microscope were used to evaluate the surface morphology. A range of topographical parameters was proposed and assessed. The structural characteristics of the EPS blanks demonstrated that the machined material is easily mouldable, not causing damage to the tool, thus requiring little maintenance for tool periodic replacement. The use of confocal microscopy proved to be efficient for the evaluation of the quality of the surface finish of EPS blanks and a set of topographical parameters was chosen. The higher density blanks showed better surface finish after machining at the feed rate of 5 m min−1, while the lower density blank had a better surface finish when machined at the feed rate of 10 m min−1. The parameters Sq, Sz, Sdq, Spk and Svk could not differentiate well the quality of the machined EPS surfboards under different conditions due to the large deviations of the measured values, probably resulting from the occurrence of through-bead cutting and bead removal. The parameters Ssk and Sku could detect problems in the surface morphology resulting from machining EPS blanks, enabling to differentiate between the through-bead cutting and bead removal mechanisms. When bead removal occurred significantly, Ssk values became more negative and Sku values were lower than 3.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios: associations with mortality in a haemodialysis cohort
Authors: Mayne Kaitlin J , Lees Jennifer S , Rutherford Elaine , Thomson Peter C , Traynor Jamie P , Dey Vishal , Lang Ninian N , Mark Patrick B 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLymphocyte ratios reflect inflammation and have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of diseases. We sought to determine any association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mortality in a haemodialysis cohort, including a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection subpopulation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of adults commencing hospital haemodialysis in the West of Scotland during 2010–21. NLR and PLR were calculated from routine samples around haemodialysis initiation. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to assess mortality associations.ResultsIn 1720 haemodialysis patients over a median of 21.9 (interquartile range 9.1–42.9) months, there were 840 all-cause deaths. NLR but not PLR was associated with all-cause mortality after multivariable adjustment [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for in participants with baseline NLR in quartile 4 (NLR ≥8.23) versus quartile 1 (NLR &lt;3.12) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–2.00]. The association was stronger for cardiovascular death (NLR quartile 4 versus 1 aHR 3.06, 95% CI 1.53–6.09) than for non-cardiovascular death (NLR quartile 4 versus 1 aHR 1.85, 95% CI 1.34–2.56). In the COVID-19 subpopulation, both NLR and PLR at haemodialysis initiation were associated with risk of COVID-19-related death after adjustment for age and sex (NLR: aHR 4.69, 95% CI 1.48–14.92 and PLR: aHR 3.40, 95% CI 1.02–11.36; for highest vs lowest quartiles).ConclusionsNLR is strongly associated with mortality in haemodialysis patients while the association between PLR and adverse outcomes is weaker. NLR is an inexpensive, readily available biomarker with potential utility in risk stratification of haemodialysis patients.
An Insider’s View: What it Feels Like to be Hacked
Authors: Roosen Kurt 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In 2019, a bank in the Isle of Man was the subject of a major incursion into its systems, which led to an exfiltration of data on a large scale. Kurt Roosen FBCS, Head of Innovation for Digital Isle of Man, who was the Head of IT for the bank at the time, shares his experiences and the lessons learned.
Consistency in responses to conspecific advertisement calls with various signal-to-noise ratios in both sexes of the Anhui tree frog
Authors: Wang Zhiyue , Ma Haohao , Chen Cheng , Sun Ruolei , Liu Kai , Zhang Baowei , Fang Guangzhan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Environmental noise has a significant negative impact on acoustic communication in most situations, as it influences the production, transmission, and reception of acoustic signals. However, how animals respond to conspecific sounds when there is interference from environmental noise, and whether males and females display convergent behavioral responses in the face of noise masking remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of conspecific male advertisement calls with different signal-to-noise ratios on male–male competition and female choice in the Anhui tree frog Rhacophorus zhoukaiyae using playback and phonotaxis experiments, respectively. The results showed that (1) female Anhui tree frogs preferentially selected the conspecific calls with higher SNR compared to calls with lower SNR; (2) males preferentially responded vocally to the conspecific calls with higher SNR compared to calls with lower SNR; and (3) males’ competitive strategies were flexible in the face of noise interference. These results suggest that preferences of both sexes converge in outcome, and that male competitive strategies may depend on predictable female preferences. This study will provide an important basis for further research on decision-making in animals.
Disciplinary Roots of 300 Top-Ranked Scientific Contributors to Gerontology: From Legacy to Enriching Our Discovery
Authors: Ferraro Kenneth F 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGerontology is viewed by many as a multidisciplinary field of inquiry, but which disciplines have had the greatest impact on research in the field? Combining data from a composite score incorporating multiple citation indicators with information on the highest degree, we examine the disciplinary origins of the 300 top-ranked scholars in gerontology. Despite efforts for gerontology to be distinct from geriatrics, more than 30 percent of the most influential scholars in gerontology during the past 6 decades hold a degree in medicine. Other fields of the leading contributors to gerontology include psychology, sociology, biology, biochemistry, and genetics. Although the disciplinary origins of gerontology will likely shift in the coming decades, we conclude that biomedical sciences are likely to remain core to the development of gerontology. To build on the scientific contributions of leading scholars in gerontology, future research should reflect conceptual precision and scientific innovation while prioritizing methodological rigor and transparency.
What the Phage: a scalable workflow for the identification and analysis of phage sequences
Authors: Marquet Mike , Hölzer Martin , Pletz Mathias W , Viehweger Adrian , Makarewicz Oliwia , Ehricht Ralf , Brandt Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Phages are among the most abundant and diverse biological entities on earth. Phage prediction from sequence data is a crucial first step to understanding their impact on the environment. A variety of bacteriophage prediction tools have been developed over the years. They differ in algorithmic approach, results, and ease of use. We, therefore, developed “What the Phage” (WtP), an easy-to-use and parallel multitool approach for phage prediction combined with an annotation and classification downstream strategy, thus supporting the user's decision-making process by summarizing the results of the different prediction tools in charts and tables. WtP is reproducible and scales to thousands of datasets through a workflow manager (Nextflow). WtP is freely available under a GPL-3.0 license (https://github.com/replikation/What_the_Phage).
International relations: the ‘how not to’ guide
Authors: Drezner Daniel W. , Narlikar Amrita 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the century of International Affairs' existence, there have been a lot of catastrophic critical junctures when a different policy decision, underpinned by an alternative epistemic framing, might have led to a more peaceful and prosperous world. In this special issue, we consider the well-intentioned efforts of humanity over the past century that turned out badly. Much of foreign policy analysis seeks to replicate successes; we humbly ask whether it might make more sense to examine how to avoid disastrous failure. In this introductory article we develop a concrete definition of policy failure and provide a motivation for why the study of failures is relevant for the coming century. We suggest a Hippocratic Oath for policy-minded scholars, and advance guidelines to help go beyond Barack Obama's ‘Don't do stupid shit’ injunction and also guard against potential policy paralysis. Finally, we offer conclusions derived from the other articles in this special issue that are relevant for both the study and practice of international relations. Armed with these insights, practitioners—and the researchers who advise them—may stand a better chance of avoiding some of the worst pitfalls of international relations; occasionally, together, we may even get some things right.
Satellites and Lorenz knots
Authors: de Paiva Thiago , Purcell Jessica S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We construct infinitely many families of Lorenz knots that are satellites but not cables, giving counterexamples to a conjecture attributed to Morton. We amend the conjecture to state that Lorenz knots that are satellite have companion a Lorenz knot, and pattern equivalent to a Lorenz knot. We show this amended conjecture holds very broadly: it is true for all Lorenz knots obtained by high Dehn filling on a parent link, and other examples.
Captive Rearing Success and Critical Thermal Maxima ofBombus griseocollis(Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Candidate for Commercialization?
Authors: Christman Morgan E , Spears Lori R , Koch Jonathan B U , Lindsay Thuy-Tien T , Strange James P , Barnes Cody L , Ramirez Ricardo A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommercialized bumble bees (Bombus) are primary pollinators of several crops within open field and greenhouse settings. However, the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens Cresson, 1863) is the only species widely available for purchase in North America. As an eastern species, concerns have been expressed over their transportation outside of their native range. Therefore, there is a need to identify regionally appropriate candidates for commercial crop pollination services, especially in the western U.S.A. In this study, we evaluated the commercialization potential of brown-belted bumble bees (Bombus griseocollis De Geer, 1773), a broadly distributed species throughout the U.S.A., by assessing nest initiation and establishment rates of colonies produced from wild-caught gynes, creating a timeline of colony development, and identifying lab-reared workers’ critical thermal maxima (CTMax) and lethal temperature (ecological death). From 2019 to 2021, 70.6% of the wild-caught B. griseocollis gynes produced brood in a laboratory setting. Of these successfully initiated nests, 74.8% successfully established a nest (produced a worker), providing guidance for future rearing efforts. Additionally, lab-reared workers produced from wild-caught B. griseocollis gynes had an average CTMax of 43.5°C and an average lethal temperature of 46.4°C, suggesting B. griseocollis can withstand temperatures well above those commonly found in open field and greenhouse settings. Overall, B. griseocollis should continue to be evaluated for commercial purposes throughout the U.S.A.
Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance and Adverse Short-Term Health Outcomes Among Adult and Adolescent Female Outpatients With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Trautner Barbara W , Kaye Keith S , Gupta Vikas , Mulgirigama Aruni , Mitrani-Gold Fanny S , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E , Yu Kalvin , Ye Gang , Joshi Ashish V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing antimicrobial resistance makes treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) difficult. We compared whether adverse short-term outcomes among US female patients were more common when initial antimicrobial therapy did not cover the causative uropathogen.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from female outpatients aged ≥12 years, with a positive urine culture and dispensing of an oral antibiotic ±1 day from index culture. Isolate susceptibility to the antimicrobial initially dispensed, patient age, and history of antimicrobial exposure, resistance, and all-cause hospitalization within 12 months of index culture were evaluated for associations with adverse outcomes during 28-day follow up. Outcomes assessed were new antimicrobial dispensing, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause outpatient emergency department/clinic visits.

Results
Of 2366 uUTIs, 1908 (80.6%) were caused by isolates susceptible and 458 (19.4%) by isolates not susceptible (intermediate/resistant) to initial antimicrobial treatment. Within 28 days, patients with episodes caused by not susceptible isolates were 60% more likely to receive a new antimicrobial versus episodes with susceptible isolates (29.0% vs 18.1%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.1; P &lt; .0001). Other variables associated with new antibiotic dispenses within 28 days were older age, prior antimicrobial exposure, or prior nitrofurantoin-not-susceptible uropathogens (P &lt; .05). Older age, prior antimicrobial-resistant urine isolates, and prior hospitalization were associated with all-cause hospitalization (P &lt; .05). Prior fluoroquinolone-not-susceptible isolates or oral antibiotic dispensing within 12 months of index culture were associated with subsequent all-cause outpatient visits (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
New antimicrobial dispensing within the 28-day follow-up period was associated with uUTIs where the uropathogen was not susceptible to initial antimicrobial treatment. Older age and prior antimicrobial exposure, resistance, and hospitalization also identified patients at risk of adverse outcomes.
Postpartum depression and major depressive disorder: the same or not? Evidence from resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Cheng Bochao , Guo Yi , Chen Xijian , Lv Bin , Liao Yi , Qu Haibo , Hu Xiao , Yang Haoxiang , Meng Yajing , Deng Wei , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Although postpartum depression (PPD) and non-peripartum major depressive disorder (MDD) occurring within and outside the postpartum period share many clinical characteristics, whether PPD and MDD are the same or not remains controversial.

Methods
The current study was devoted to identify the shared and different neural circuits between PPD and MDD by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 77 participants (22 first-episodic drug-naïve MDD, 26 drug-naïve PPD, and 29 healthy controls (HC)).

Results
Both the PPD and MDD groups exhibited higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in left temporal pole relative to the HC group; the MDD group showed specifically increased degree centrality in the right cerebellum while PPD showed specifically decreased fALFF in the left supplementary motor area and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG_L), and specifically decreased functional connectivities between pMTG and precuneus and between left subgeneual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC_L) and right sgACC. Moreover, sgACC and left thalamus showed abnormal regional homogeneity of functional activities between any pair of HC, MDD, and PPD.

Conclusions
These results provide initial evidence that PPD and MDD have common and distinct neural circuits, which may facilitate understanding the neurophysiological basis and precision treatment for PPD.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: advances in molecular profiling and targeted therapy
Authors: Jungels Christiane , Pita Jaime Miguel , Costante Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) are rare cancers with a globally very poor prognosis, because of their immensely aggressive behaviour, resulting in predominantly advanced stage of disease at diagnosis. Response to available therapies is still disappointing. Aim of the present review is to illustrate the diverse new strategies under investigation, to improve the poor outcome of these patients.

Recent findings
Applying molecular analysis in ATC is unravelling potentially actionable targets of therapy. If a mutation of BRAF V600E is found, a combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib is the recommended treatment. In the presence of another druggable mutation, a specific targeted therapy may be proposed. In the absence of druggable mutations, immunotherapy is an alternative approach, especially in case of significant PD-L1 expression.

Summary
The molecular profiling of tumour samples is elucidating the genetic alterations involved in ATC development, and new preclinical models are under study to define innovative approaches for individualized treatment of such patients. Hopefully this approach could improve ATC prognosis.
Prognostic Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Caiyun , Zhang Lingyu , Meng Zhaoting , Song Tianbin , Mukherji Suresh Kumar , Chen Xiaohong , Lu Jie , Xian Junfang 
Published: November 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the value of pretreatment integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in predicting the prognosis of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC).

Methods
Twenty-one untreated patients with HSCC who underwent PET/MRI before treatment were enrolled. We analyzed the value of PET/MRI parameters in predicting the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of HSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used to perform univariate survival analysis, whereas Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to perform multivariate analysis.

Results
Of the 21 patients with a median follow-up time of 20.3 months (range, 4.2–37.6 months), 2 (9.5%) had local recurrence, 2 (9.5%) had distant metastases, and 8 (38.1%) died because of cancer. Univariate analysis showed that T stage, clinical stage, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were significant prognostic factors for PFS (P < 0.05). T stage, clinical stage, TLG, MTV, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean), and the minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) were significant prognostic factors for OS (P < 0.05). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that MTV was an independent prognostic factor for PFS, and TLG was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Metabolic tumor volume was an independent predictor of PFS in patients with HSCC, while TLG was an independent predictor of OS. T stage, clinical stage, ADCmean, and ADCmin are potential prognostic indicators for HSCC. Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging can provide effective information for predicting the prognosis for HSCC patients.
Comparison of Doppler Ultrasound and Clinical Features of Patients With and Without Femoral Hernia in Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency Patients
Authors: Cakir Ismet Mirac , Bekci Tumay , Aslan Serdar , Eryuruk Uluhan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, we aim to evaluate Doppler ultrasound (US) and clinical features of patients with and without femoral hernia (FH) in lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) patients.
We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data of 1364 limbs with the CVI suspected. Femoral hernia was detected in 32 of the limbs, and the control group was formed with 32 limbs without FH. All limbs were evaluated with Valsalva maneuver and augmentation method to detect venous reflux in FH group. Venous reflux rates in the Doppler US, venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs), and clinical classes of Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification were compared statistically in both groups.
The mean VCSS was 3.87 ± 0.74 in the FH group and 2.68 ± 0.65 in the control group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.04). In the more severe clinical classes of Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology (C4–6), the number of limbs in the FH group was higher than in the control group (8 and 4, respectively). Doppler US examinations showed venous reflux in 22 of 32 limbs in the FH group and 19 of 32 patients in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.029). In the FH group, reflux could be shown only by augmentation method in the vast majority of limbs (16 of 22, 73%).
In conclusion, VCSS and reflux rates are higher in limbs with CVI accompanied by FH. In addition, FH may cause false negative results in the evaluation of CVI. The use of augmentation method in limbs with FH can help avoid false negatives.
Transcriptionally Distinct B Cells Infiltrate Allografts After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Hengcheng , Cavazzoni Cecilia B. , Hanson Benjamin L. , Bechu Elsa D. , Podestà Manuel A. , Azzi Jamil , Blazar Bruce R. , Chong Anita S. , Kreisel Daniel , Alessandrini Alessandro , Sage Peter T. 
Published: November 2022

Background.
Following allogeneic kidney transplantation, a substantial proportion of graft loss is attributed to the formation of donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection. B cells infiltrate kidney grafts during antibody-mediated rejection; however, the origins, repertoires, and functions of these intrarenal B cells remain elusive.

Methods.
Here, we use murine allogeneic kidney transplant models to study the origins, transcriptional programming and B cell receptor repertoire of intragraft B cells, and in vitro stimulation assays to evaluate the ability of intragraft B cells to promote CD4+ T cell expansion.

Results.
B cells infiltrate kidney grafts in settings of allogeneic, but not syngeneic, transplantation. Intragraft B cells have characteristics of activation but are transcriptionally distinct from germinal center B cells and resemble innate-like B cells. B cell receptor sequencing demonstrates that the majority of intragraft B cells do not originate from lymph node germinal center B cells and are largely germline. Class-switched intragraft B cells are rare but can be donor-specific and produce IgG capable of binding to the kidney allograft. Lastly, intrarenal B cells are capable of stimulating naive T cells but have an altered ability to promote T follicular helper cell expansion.

Conclusions.
Together, these data demonstrate that intrarenal B cells during transplant rejection are transcriptionally distinct from lymph node B cells.