bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’exercice de la médecine générale à l’épreuve des crises sanitaires : de Lubrizol à la COVID
Authors: Féliu François , Juston Morival Romain , Le Hénaff Yannick , Cohen Patrice , Martin Théophile , Siefridt Charlotte , Soler Romane , Soudais Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Introduction : À la suite de l’incendie des produits chimiques stockés par les entreprises Lubrizol (site Seveso seuil haut) et Normandie Logistique le 26 septembre 2019 à Rouen, un collectif de recherche réunissant des médecins généralistes, anthropologues et sociologues a engagé une enquête qualitative pluridisciplinaire auprès de médecins généralistes. L’objectif initial était d’étudier la pratique des professionnels de santé de premier recours dans les suites de cet incendie. Initiée en février 2020, cette enquête a été fortement transformée par la pandémie de la COVID-19, modifiant l’objet même de cette étude, imposant une réflexion et une articulation entre la crise Lubrizol et la crise COVID-19, où les médecins généralistes se sont retrouvés une nouvelle fois en première ligne. But de l’étude : Analyser les pratiques des médecins généralistes en situation d’incertitude dans le cadre de ces évènements extraordinaires que sont un incendie industriel et une pandémie virale. Méthode : Dix-huit médecins généralistes ont été interrogés, entre février et juillet 2019, par entretiens semi-dirigés par un binôme de chercheurs (sociologue et médecin). Une analyse inspirée de la théorisation ancrée a été réalisée en trois niveaux (analyse thématique individuelle, confrontation en binôme puis restitution collective). Conclusion : Dans les contextes de crises sanitaires étudiés, les généralistes ont été confrontés à des plaintes plus récurrentes alors qu’ils disposaient, pour y répondre, de relativement peu de savoirs robustes sur lesquels s’appuyer. Les médecins ont réagi dans ces situations de forte incertitude en puisant de façon originale dans leurs expériences personnelles de ces crises.
La résilience de l’hôpital du Mali face à la COVID-19 dans un contexte de pénuries
Authors: Coulibaly Abdourahmane , Touré Laurence , Zinszer Kate , Ridde Valéry 
Published: March 2022

Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche était de rendre compte des stratégies de résilience mobilisées par l’Hôpital du Mali face à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19). Méthode : Les données collectées ont concerné une période correspondant aux premiers mois de gestion de la pandémie à l’hôpital (avril - juillet 2020). Au total, 32 entretiens semi-directifs et 53 séances d’observation ont été réalisés. Les analyses se sont appuyées sur un cadre conceptuel et ont été menées selon l’approche déductive. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que, face aux multiples effets de la COVID-19 tels que l’aggravation de la pénurie du personnel et de la charge de travail, le besoin de créer des infrastructures dédiées, la baisse drastique des recettes liée à la baisse de fréquentation de l’hôpital, le personnel a mis en place de multiples stratégies (ex. réduction ou report de certaines dépenses, réquisition de bâtiment, recrutements de contractuels et le redéploiement du personnel fonctionnaire). La mise en place de ces stratégies a globalement permis de maintenir l’accès aux soins des patients, même si les restrictions ont été nombreuses pour les patients non COVID-19. L’hôpital a été en mesure de s’inscrire dans une résilience absorptive. Conclusion : Cette recherche qualitative a permis une meilleure compréhension des faits liés à la gestion de la COVID-19 en milieu hospitalier, et notamment de sa résilience. Les leçons tirées de la recherche devraient permettre de concevoir, à l’avenir, des réponses plus adaptées et plus efficaces pour faire face aux pandémies.
Les soins primaires face à la COVID-19 : une comparaison Belgique, France, Québec et Suisse
Authors: Bourgueil Yann , Breton Mylaine , Cohidon Christine , Hudon Catherine , Senn Nicolas , Van Durme Thérèse , Le groupe francophone des soins pri  
Published: March 2022

Introduction : Face à la COVID-19, la plupart des pays ont d’abord réagi en associant des mesures de confinement de la population à un renforcement des soins aigus. Les soins primaires ont ensuite été mobilisés de façon variable et plus ou moins coordonnée. But de l’étude : Comparer l’implication des soins primaires dans la gestion de la pandémie de COVID pour en dégager des enseignements sur les orientations futures à donner aux systèmes sanitaires. Résultats : La mobilisation des acteurs de soins primaires a été importante, hétérogène et variait selon l’existence de dynamiques d’organisations locales préexistantes en équipes, à l’échelon territorial ou dans un cadre plus régulé comme au Québec. La spécialisation de centres COVID était soit systématique, « cliniques chaudes » au Québec, soit à l’initiative des acteurs locaux plus ou moins soutenus par les autorités de santé. La téléconsultation, largement dominée par l’usage du téléphone, a pu être mise en place partout, généralement soutenue par une tarification souple et adaptée. La réalisation des tests diagnostiques comme la vaccination par de nouveaux professionnels, dans un cadre juridique, financier, et de formation simple, est un axe d’amélioration majeur à approfondir. Les systèmes d’information pour évaluer les besoins locaux ont été partout insuffisants. Conclusion : La définition des modalités de gouvernance des soins primaires et, notamment, l’articulation des professionnels avec les opérateurs de l’action publique en santé dans les quatre pays étudiés constitue un enjeu d’amélioration prioritaire à l’échelon local comme à l’échelon national.
La recherche communautaire en temps de pandémie : retour sur l’étude multi-pays EPIC
Authors: Riegel Lucas , Di Ciaccio Marion , Ben Moussa Amal , Velter Annie , Acosta Maria Elena , Villes Virginie , Castro Avila Juliana , Lorente Nicolas , Cerveau Teresa , Sikitu Ingrid , Yattassaye Adam , Khodabocus Niloufer , Michels David , Veras María Amelia , Delpech Valérie , Spire Bruno , Delabre Rosemary M. , Le groupe de travail EPIC  , Rojas Castro Daniela 
Published: March 2022

En 2020, la crise sanitaire COVID-19 a touché toutes les régions du monde, n’épargnant pas les personnes déjà vulnérables à d’autres épidémies virales telles que le VIH ou le VHC et/ou celles en situation de précarité ou socialement marginalisées, tels que les usagers-ères de drogues ou les travailleurs-ses du sexe. Coalition PLUS, réseau d’associations de lutte contre le VIH et les hépatites virales, qui défend et promeut la démarche communautaire, et ses partenaires ont mis en place une recherche multi-pays ayant pour but de documenter l’impact de la crise sanitaire dans le domaine de la lutte contre le VIH et les hépatites virales (populations clés et acteurs-rices communautaires) ainsi que les réponses communautaires mises en place (enquête EPIC). L’objectif de ce texte est de restituer la mise en place de la démarche communautaire de ce projet pendant la crise sanitaire COVID-19 et, notamment, les difficultés et imprévus auxquels le processus de recherche communautaire a dû faire face et s’adapter. Le but étant de tirer des leçons sur ce qui a fonctionné ou non, afin de capitaliser les pratiques en recherche communautaire durant cette pandémie et, par la suite, faciliter la mise en place de nouveaux projets de recherche dans des contextes similaires.
An Epidemic Zika Virus Isolate Drives Enhanced T Follicular Helper Cell and B Cell–Mediated Immunity
Authors: Pardy Ryan D , Gentile Maria E , Carter Alexandria M , Condotta Stephanie A , King Irah L , Richer Martin J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that recently caused a series of increasingly severe outbreaks. We previously demonstrated that, compared with a pre-epidemic isolate (ZIKVCDN), a Brazilian ZIKV isolate (ZIKVBR) possesses a novel capacity to suppress host immunity, resulting in delayed viral clearance. However, whether ZIKVBR modulates CD4 T cell responses remains unknown. In this study, we show that, in comparison with ZIKVCDN infection, CD4 T cells are less polarized to the Th1 subtype following ZIKVBR challenge in mice. In contrast, we observed an enhanced accumulation of T follicular helper cells 10, 14, and 21 d postinfection with ZIKVBR. This response correlated with an enhanced germinal center B cell response and robust production of higher avidity-neutralizing Abs following ZIKVBR infection. Taken together, our data suggest that contemporary ZIKV strains have evolved to differentially induce CD4 T cell, B cell, and Ab responses and this could provide a model to further define the signals required for T follicular helper cell development.
IFITM3 Is Upregulated Characteristically in IL-15–Mediated Bystander-Activated CD8+ T Cells during Influenza Infection
Authors: Jeong Seongju , Jeon Minwoo , Lee Hoyoung , Kim So-Young , Park Su-Hyung , Shin Eui-Cheol 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In bystander activation, pre-existing memory CD8+ T cells unrelated to the infecting microbes are activated by cytokines without cognate Ags. The detailed mechanisms and unique gene signature of bystander activation remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated bystander activation of OT-1 memory cells in a mouse model of influenza infection. We found that OT-1 memory cells are activated with upregulation of granzyme B and IFN-γ, during PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934) infection, and IL-15 is a critical cytokine for bystander activation. In transcriptomic analysis, the IFN-induced gene signature was upregulated in bystander-activated OT-1 memory cells during PR8 infection but not in the presence of TCR stimulation. Among the IFN-induced genes, upregulation of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) distinguished bystander-activated OT-1 memory cells from TCR-activated OT-1 memory cells. Therefore, we reveal that bystander-activated memory CD8+ T cells have a unique transcriptomic feature compared with TCR-activated memory CD8+ T cells. In particular, IFITM3 upregulation can be used as a marker of bystander-activated memory CD8+ T cells at early infection.
Split Type Postman videolaryngoscope: The newer device versus the standard Macintosh laryngoscope in simulated difficult airway – A new hope for difficult intubation scenarios
Authors: Nisanth NS , Ali Qazi E. , Amir Syed H. 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Studies on simulated difficult airway provide an opportunity to evaluate the performance of intubation devices for use in limited neck mobility. We did a comparative study between Split Type Postman videolaryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope, evaluating their efficacy for tracheal intubation in a simulated difficult airway.

Methods:
Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients aged between 20 and 60 years, having body mass index <30 kg m−2, posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were allocated to two groups. Endotracheal intubation was done with either Split Type Postman videolaryngoscope or Macintosh laryngoscope after placing a rigid cervical collar around the neck to simulate a difficult airway. The primary outcome measure was time for tracheal intubation as assessed from the time of introduction of laryngoscope between incisors till visual confirmation of passage of endotracheal tube through the vocal cords by the anaesthesiologist. Success rate of intubation, number of attempts required for successful intubation, haemodynamic alterations and airway complications were measured as secondary outcomes.

Results:
Time taken for endotracheal intubation was significantly shorter in Postman group (26.23 ± 7.18 vs. 31.43 ± 9.83 s) (P = 0.012) compared to Macintosh group. The groups were comparable in terms of incidence (P = 0.491) of successful intubation, with significantly lesser number of attempts required for intubation in Postman group (P = 0.022). The incidence of airway trauma and postoperative sore throat was comparable between the groups.

Conclusion:
Split Type Postman videolaryngoscope was superior with respect to intubation characteristics when compared to conventional laryngoscope.
Comparison between C-MAC and King Vision video laryngoscope (channelled blade) for tracheal intubation in aerosol-prevention intubation box for COVID-19 patients: A manikin-based study
Authors: Kumar Balbir , Ratre Brajesh K. , Garg Rakesh , Meena Jitendra K. , Singh Ram , Bhatnagar Sushma 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
The risk of contracting infection while intubating a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patient can be reduced by the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), video laryngoscope (VL) and aerosol-preventing intubation box. We compared two VLs (C-MAC and King Vision laryngoscope [KVL]) for ease of intubation and time taken to intubate the manikin using an intubation box.

Methods:
This randomised study involved healthcare workers having experience in using both C-MAC and KVL. After explaining the study and five practice sessions, a total of 63 volunteers were included; 61 participants gave consent and were enroled. The participants were allowed to intubate initially with one VL as per random sequence. Each participant performed three tracheal intubations with each device (C-MAC VL and KVL) on a manikin using an aerosol-prevention box over the head end at the time of intubation.

Results:
Time taken, percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score and the number of attempts taken for successful intubation with C-MAC and KVL were comparable in any of the three attempts (P > 0.05). The participants reported more difficulty in using KVL compared to C-MAC, and insertion of laryngoscope blade into the mouth of manikin for intubation was easy in group C-MAC compared to KVL in all three intubations (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
C-MAC and KVL take comparable time for successful intubation under COVID-19 simulation conditions. But C-MAC is more user-friendly.
Tracheal intubation practices and adverse events in trauma victims on arrival to trauma triage: A single centre prospective observational study
Authors: Jafra Anudeep , Jain Kajal , Sravani M. Venkata , Yaddanapudi Laxmi Narayana , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Trauma is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Data on airway management in trauma patients from developing countries, particularly India is sparse. Hence, we planned a prospective observational study to assess the airway management practice patterns and associated complications.

Methods:
The study was conducted in trauma triage of a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected on all tracheal intubations occurring in trauma victims requiring definitive airway control, a detailed proforma including patient details, mode of injury, drugs used, intubation procedure, and complications were filled out for each patient.

Results:
We observed that the airway in trauma patients was primarily managed by non-anaesthesia speciality residents (426 patients); anaesthesia residents were primarily called for deferred or difficult intubations. The first attempt success rate of intubation by anaesthesia residents was significantly higher than speciality residents (P = 0.0001; 95% CI 9.02-24.66). Non-anaesthesia residents used midazolam in varying doses (3-12 mg) for intubation, whereas, rapid sequence intubation was the most common technique used by anaesthesia residents. Airway injuries were the most frequent complication observed in 32.8% of patients intubated by specialty residents compared to 5.9% of patients intubated by anaesthesia residents.

Conclusion:
The trauma triage is a high-volume area for frequent tracheal intubations which are manned by non-anaesthesia speciality teams. A number of factors related to the patient, staff, availability of airway equipment and unfavourable surroundings impact airway management and may explain the high incidence of airway complications, such as airway injuries in these trauma victims.
A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding Zika virus among nursing students in a tertiary care center of central India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh Mahore , Gupta Vikas , Kumar Ram Panika , Palaniyandi Subramani , Palaniyandi Anitha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Recently, the Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a major concern across the world. ZIKV can primarily spread through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Till now, ZIKV is considered an incurable infectious disease. As Zika is an emerging disease of an international concern with the ongoing speculation about a potential outbreak in India in the future, the present study was conducted with an aim to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding ZIKV among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 nursing students during 2019, and data were collected using a pretested, predesigned, standardized, and self-administered questionnaire. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical committee before the conduct of the study. All tests were performed at 5% level of significance.

Results:
The present study has included 240 nursing students (228 female students and 12 male students). The most common source of information related to ZIKV was social media among 75.6% of the students and 46.7% of the participants has low knowledge regarding ZIKV. Surprisingly, about one-tenth of the participants (14.2%) made an attempt to gain more knowledge about ZIKV, and nearly one-fifth of the participants were not using any method at all (17.1%) to prevent mosquito bites.

Conclusion:
This study showed inadequate knowledge among nursing students which will be future health care providers about ZIKV infection. The awareness about ZIKV infection should be ensured and maintained among health care providers to face any possible emergence in the region.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Patient care, Practice-based learning, and Systems-based practice.
Outpatient antibiotic prescribing behavior and their psychosocial predictors among early-career clinicians in Delhi, India
Authors: Basu Saurav , Santra Sahadev , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Laul Anish 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Psychosocial factors are significant drivers of inappropriate antibiotic prescription leading to antibiotic resistance. We ascertained the psychosocial predictors of outpatient antibiotic prescribing (OAP) behavior among early-career clinicians in India.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 200 early-career clinicians, including 100 medical interns and 100 junior residents (postgraduate student doctors) in six clinical departments, and collected data using a self-administered questionnaire. Response options were coded on five-item Likert scales.

Results:
Antimicrobial resistance was viewed as a significant public health problem by most (95%) participants. Presumptive antibiotic prescribing was reported by 84% of participants, although the participant attitude indicated a slight disinclination against the presumptive use of antibiotics (mean = 2.8, standard deviation = 0.72). The majority (52.5%) of the participant's perceived social pressure frequently influenced their decision to prescribe antibiotics to the outpatients. Furthermore, the maximum social pressure was perceived as driven by patient expectation for antibiotics and the existing antibiotic prescribing behavior of their peers and colleagues. The perception of increased social pressure stipulating antibiotic prescribing negatively correlated with the participant's intention to reduce antibiotic use in outpatients (r= −0.124, P < 0.001). Social pressure was reported to be higher when treating adult patients reporting diarrheal symptoms and children having cough.

Conclusions:
OAP practices among early-career clinicians working in the government health sector in India are mediated by considerable social pressure despite behavioral intention for reducing antibiotic use.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Practice-based learning and improvement, Professionalism.
LV Prasad Eye Institute EyeSmart electronic medical record-based analytics of big data: LEAD-Uveitis Report 1: Demographics and clinical features of uveitis in a multi-tier hospital based network in Southern India
Authors: Tyagi Mudit , Das Anthony Vipin , Kaza Hrishikesh , Basu Soumyava , Pappuru Rajeev R , Pathengay Avinash , Murthy Somasheila , Agrawal Hitesh 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To describe the demographics and epidemiology of uveitis presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in Southern India.

Methods:
Cross-sectional hospital-based study of 19,352 patients with uveitis presenting between March 2012 and August 2018.

Results:
In total, 1,734,272 new patients were seen across the secondary and tertiary centers of our multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network during the study period. Among them, 25,353 eyes of 19,352 patients were diagnosed with uveitis and were included in the study. Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases. The majority of patients were male (60.33%) and had unilateral (68.09%) affliction. The most common age group was 21–50 years with 12,204 (63.06%) patients. The most common type of uveitis was anterior uveitis, which was seen in 7380 (38.14%) patients, followed by posterior uveitis in 5397 (23.89%) patients. Among the infectious causes, tuberculosis was the most common etiology (2551 patients, 13%) followed by toxoplasmosis (1147 patients, 6%)

Conclusion:
Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases presenting to our clinics. It was more common in the age group of 21–50 and was predominantly unilateral. Anterior uveitis was the most common subtype seen in 38%.
Association between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients
Authors: Keles Ali , Ilhan Cagri , Karayagmurlu Ali , Citirik Mehmet , Yetkin Esat , Karatepe Mustafa Salih , Varol Ersin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the potential relationship between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related clinical outcomes in adults.

Methods:
This prospective case-control study included 108 ocular trauma patients and 90 age-sex-matched healthy control. The ocular trauma group was separated into the subgroups home accident, outdoor activity, and work related in terms of the reasons for ocular trauma, and as ocular surface problems, blunt trauma-related, and open globe injury in terms of the clinical findings. The ADHD-related clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS). The outcomes were compared between ocular trauma and control groups, and ocular trauma subgroups.

Results:
The demographic characteristics of ocular trauma groups and controls were similar (P > 0.05, for all). In comparison to the control group, the ocular trauma group had higher total WURS score and WURS subscale scores, but not significantly (P > 0.05, for all). According to comparisons of the subgroups separated by the reasons, there was significant difference in the mean behavioral problems/impulsivity scores in favor of outdoor activities (P = 0.015). On the other hand, the mean scores for WURS subscales of the subgroups separated by the clinical findings were similar (P > 0.05, for all)

Conclusion:
WURS scores in ocular trauma patients are similar to control; however, the score in behavioral problems/impulsivity subscales is higher for ocular trauma caused by outdoor activities.