bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile and fast preparation of layered double hydroxide as a nanocarrier for ascorbic acid under ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Asadi Parvin , Khodamoradi Elahe , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as inorganic materials are being used in controlled release and drug delivery systems. These materials are more stable than conventional drug carriers. In this investigation, Mg/Al-ascorbic acid (ASA) LDH nanohybrid was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted co-deposition techniques.

Experimental approach:
In this study, Mg/Al-LDH to adsorption of ASA anions from the alkaline solution was assembled by a facile coprecipitation technique. During this process, ultrasonic irradiation was used to increase the rate of ion exchange between LDH and ASA. The intercalated-layered structure was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission SEM, and TEM. ASA releasing from Mg/Al-ASA LDH nanohybrid was carried out in incubation sodium carbonate solution (0.5 M) at 35 °C using UV-Vis absorbance analysis at λ = 265 nm

Findings/Results:
The used techniques confirmed the structure of Mg/Al-LDH and indicated successful intercalation of ASA into the interlayer galleries of the LDH host. The obtained results also have shown that Mg/Al-ASA LDH nanohybrid was generated with an average diameter size of 25 nm and narrow size distribution. Analysis of the release profiles using several kinetic models suggested that the first-order rate model is the most appropriate for describing the release of ASA from Mg/Al-LDH which means the amount of drug released is proportional to the amount of remaining drug in the matrix. Thus, the amount of activity released tends to decrease in function of time.

Conclusion and implications:
The results showed that LDHs are good host materials to preserve the biomolecule and modify its release rate and bioavailability.
Effect of L-carnitine on potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Salama Abeer A.A. , Mostafa Rasha E. , Elgohary Rania 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Kidney diseases impose significant global health challenges. Potassium dichromate (PD) is a heavy metal frequently associated with nephrotoxicity. PD prompts oxidative and inflammatory injuries in renal tissues. L-carnitine is a naturally-occurring amino acid commonly used as a supplement.

Experimental approach:
Forty rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 (normal) received only saline. Nephrotoxicity was induced in the remaining groups by PD (15 mg/kg; i.p). Group 2 served as a nephrotoxic group. Groups 3-5 received L-carnitine (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg; p.o.), respectively for 4 weeks.

Findings/Results:
PD administration resulted in elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen accompanied by diminished reduced glutathione and elevated malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta renal tissue contents relative to normal rats. PD also produced apoptotic histopathological injuries and down-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; signifying ongoing apoptosis. In the current work, L-carnitine use in the selected dose levels resulted in improvement of all the aforementioned serum, renal tissue, and histological parameters relative to nephrotoxic rats. L-carnitine up-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway that was down-regulated post PD use.

Conclusion and implications:
Collectively, the study highlighted that the possible mechanisms beyond the beneficial effects of L-carnitine are mainly through its antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory actions. L- carnitine significantly abrogated apoptosis via up-regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and signified restoration of normal renal cell proliferation and functionality.
Melatonin in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity
Authors: Karvan Sara , Sadeghi Alireza , Farrokhi Pegah , Nekouee Amirabbass , Sharifi Mehran , Moghaddas Azadeh 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CisIN) remains the most dose-limiting adverse effect of its clinical use. The protective effects of melatonin on CisIN have been addressed in several non- clinical and animal studies. This study aimed at investigating the potential effects of melatonin on the prevention of CisIN in human.

Experimental approach:
Our study was a randomized controlled clinical trial, performed on 66 eligible patients in two groups of melatonin or control (no intervention). Melatonin was administrated daily at a dose of 20 mg for 5 days to the patients receiving cisplatin-containing regimens along with the standard protocol of CisIN prevention. Patient demographic information, blood and urinary indices of nitrogen, creatinine, and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium as well as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured in both groups at the baseline, 24 h and five days after melatonin administration.

Findings/Results:
Cisplatin administration resulted in significant magnesium and potassium loss in patients with cancer. In comparison with the control group, the prevalence of acute renal injury and the rate of urinary magnesium and potassium loss improved with melatonin administration; however, the results were not statistically significant. Tolerable side effects such as daytime drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting were reported in the melatonin group.

Conclusion and implications:
Although pretreatment with melatonin led to amelioration in urinary electrolyte loss due to CisIN, it failed to show a positive result on acute renal injury prevention. Future well-designed studies with a longer duration of follow-up, larger sample sizes, and higher doses of melatonin are warranted.
Exploring Caregiver Burden and Health Condition of Dementia Patients during Lockdown due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mukherjee Ruchira , Bhattacharyya Bidisha , Mukherjee Adreesh , Das Goutam , Das Sujata , Biswas Atanu 
Published: January 2022

Background:
To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries imposed strict lockdown to ensure social distancing to limit the spread of the virus. This caused difficulties in the management and care of patients with various chronic disorders including dementia.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to explore the health condition of patients with dementia and assess their caregivers’ burden during the lockdown.

Methods:
A total of 57 caregivers of patients with dementia who had attended the cognitive clinic of the institute for a follow-up within 1 year preceding the lockdown were assessed through telephonic interviews. Caregivers’ details were noted following an interview related to the patients’ health condition during lockdown and caregiver concerns.

Results:
Findings showed a deterioration in memory in 66.7% of patients with dementia and an increase in symptoms like agitation, sleeplessness, low mood, restlessness, aggression, etc., Caregivers felt helpless and had to manage new concerns and they were not sure as to how to deal with the situation.

Conclusion:
The lockdown situation disrupted the health conditions of dementia patients and caregivers faced novel challenges while managing them.
Relation of Work Stressors and Work-related MSDs among Indian Heavy Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Vikas , Khan Abid Ali 
Published: January 2022

Aims:
The aim of the study was to identify the relation of work stressors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among the heavy vehicle drivers.

Methods and Material:
The study involved 154 bus drivers and 161 truck drivers of India. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the physical and psychosocial work stresses, job diagnostics, driving hazards, physical environment, and WRMSDs.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The odds ratios (OR) and development percentage of the test measurements were calculated in the descriptive statistics. The binary logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were used for the data analysis.

Results:
The results of this study showed that the WRMSDs among the truck drivers were higher than those among the bus drivers. The bus drivers were more likely to develop pain in their arms, while the truck drivers were more likely to suffer from neck, shoulders, legs, lower back, and upper back pain. Results from statistical analysis indicated that age, driving hours, physical fatigue, vehicle design, domestic pressure, and growth opportunities had a significant impact on the development of WRMSDs in the bus drivers. While, in the case of truck drivers, it was found that driving hours, tenure, vibration, physical fatigue, mental overload, and job dissatisfaction were significant.

Conclusions:
The study concludes that the work stressors are associated with different types of MSDs, and the level of MSDs differs significantly between the bus and truck drivers.
Extradural spinal arachnoid cysts: Management and outcome in five children
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Nayak Satish , Singh Neha , Agrahari Vrihaspati Kumar , Chhabra Anuj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts (SEACs) are rare lesions, which may become symptomatic due to mass effect or nerve root compression. They are discrete pockets of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) communicating with subarachnoid space. These cysts may be single or multiple. Multiple cysts in the pediatric population are very rare, of which a few are reported to date.

Materials and Methods:
Here, we present a case series of five pediatric patients diagnosed with symptomatic SEACs and operated in our institute between the period of October 2017 and January 2021. The patients underwent surgery for excision of the cysts and closure of dural defects. The results were analyzed in terms of the clinical symptoms, location of cyst, surgical procedure performed, and outcome after surgery.

Result:
The mean age of presentation was 12 years. Common presenting complaints were lower limb weakness, pain, and bladder involvement. The median duration of symptoms before surgery was 7.8 months (mean 3 ± 12 months). Excision of cyst wall with closure of dural defect was done in all cases except one, in which the dural defect was not found. All cases gained near-normal muscle strength of lower extremities over a variable period of time after surgery.

Conclusion:
Pathogenesis of SEAC is not completely understood. Intraoperative localization and closure of the dural defect is the single most important step for excellent outcome.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder at an eastern Indian tertiary care center
Authors: Das Suman , Mondal Gourango Prosad , Bhattacharya Ramesh , Ghosh Kartik Chandra , Das Sarbajit , Pattem Hemakrishna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing inflammatory central nervous system disorder. Patients either have antibodies to aquaporin 4 (AQ4)/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) or are double seronegatives (DSN).

Aim:
We aimed at comparing the clinico-epidemiological features and outcome of the subgroups of NMOSD.

Design:
Prospective longitudinal observational study.

Materials and Methods:
NMOSD was diagnosed by using the 2006 Wingerchuk criteria. Patients diagnosed between September 2016 and August 2018 were prospectively followed upto July 2020. Acute episodes were treated with steroids, and immunomodulators were started in patients with aquaporin 4 IgG (anti-AQ4+) and in relapsing cases of anti-MOG+ and DSN groups. Disability was assessed by using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Comparisons were made between patients who were anti-AQ4 and anti-MOG positive and those with DSN. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 software.

Results:
Among 13 patients, the female:male ratio was 1.16:1, and the mean age of disease onset was 9.65 ± 3.25 years. Overall, 15.38% patients were anti-AQ4+, 30.67% were anti-MOG+, 53.86% were DSN, 69.2% had relapsing disease, and 30.8% had monophasic disease (P = 0.11). The mean to relapse was 13.16±3.5 months; 61.5% patients had long segment myelitis and 53.86% had optic neuritis on their first presentation (P = 0.99). Cerebral syndrome occurred among one patient with anti-MOG+ and in three patients with DSN. The EDSS scores were significantly lower among patients who were anti-MOG+.

Conclusion:
The female:male ratio was more equitable and the age of disease onset was lower in our cohort compared with western data. There was no significant difference in the clinico-demographic characteristics among the three groups; however, outcome was better in the anti-MOG+ group. Rituximab was effective for recurrent relapses.
Factors predicting “postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome’’ after posterior fossa tumor excision in pediatric patients
Authors: Datta Aanchal , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Suyash , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Sardhara Jayesh , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Central tumor location, brain stem involvement, and medulloblastoma have been implicated as risk factors for pediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) by most researchers. However, conflicting results have been reported for surgical factors, such as the extent of excision, surgical approach, and the need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion. The role of emergency or elective surgery is also not well established.

Aim:
To assess the role of surgical factors as a risk for pCMS. The secondary variables assessed include patient profile, histopathology, radiological features, and the effect of pCMS on patient survival.

Materials and Methods:
Overall, 162 consecutively operated patients with posterior fossa tumor (PFT) from July 2012 to March 2020, younger than 16 years of age, were included in the study. The study population was divided into two cohorts: the pCMS group and the non-pCMS group for statistical analysis. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
In the sample size of 162 patients, 129 patients were included for analysis. There were 11 patients in the pCMS group. Emergency surgery was found to be a significant risk for pCMS (P = 0.021). There was a trend toward statistical significance for the need for preoperative cerebrospinal fluid diversion. The extent of resection and surgical approach were not found to be statistically significant factors. Central tumor location and contrast enhancement were significant radiological risk factors (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Aggressive tumor resection causing iatrogenic injury to the cerebellar circuitry and the brain stem is the most important risk factor for pCMS. Patients with pCMS have adverse survival outcomes.
Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers
Authors: Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Nguyet Lam Anh , Truong Nguyen Thanh , Toan Le Mau , Dung Nguyen Thanh , Hung Le Manh , Nhan Mai Thanh , Man Dinh Nguyen Huy , Ngoc Nghiem My , Thao Huynh Phuong , Tu Tran Nguyen Hoang , Mai Huynh Kim , Hung Do Thai , Ny Nguyen Thi Han , Thanh Le Kim , Anh Nguyen To , Hong Nguyen Thi Thu , Nhu Le Nguyen Truc , Yen Lam Minh , Choisy Marc , Thanh Tran Tan , Thwaites Guy , Tan Le Van , _ _ 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT.
We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22–71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.
Gênero e teoria Queer
Authors: Laurentis Teresa de , Silva Gabriel Bosco Vaz da , Souza Leonardo Lemos de 
Published: January 2022

Este artigo trata sobre o percurso da teoria queer, desde os anos 1990, e o atual debate sobre a política antissocial da teoria queer. Abordando o pensamento interdisciplinar do qual o debate sobre gênero iniciou a discussão acerca de uma teoria de gênero queer, a crítica da autora está, sobretudo, no cerne do significado do pensamento queer enquanto uma teoria da prática, contanto que a sua relação com as práticas - através do debate - possa traduzir com êxito as pretensões desse pensamento, ou seja, que gênero e sexualidade são coisas distintas. A partir do confronto de ideias entre Estudos Culturais, Ciências Sociais e Psicanálise, a autora busca criticar o estabelecimento do queer como mais uma identidade no espectro do gênero. Dessa forma, compreende-se que o debate ainda está em devir.
INDUSTRIAL LINKAGE STRATEGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN BRIDGING THE EMPLOYABILITY GAP IN INSURANCE SECTOR
Authors: Kajwang Ben 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Industrial linkage strategies are necessary in any industry since they promote development of new products and technologies and access to new capabilities.The objective of this study is to identify the industrial linkage strategies and their role in bridging the employability gap in the insurance sector. The purpose of the study is to enable the readers understand the emerging trends in the insurance industry that help to bridge the employability gap and the innovative programs and approaches that foster youth employability.
Methods: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. Relevant seminal references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old.
Conclusions: The study concluded that some of the industrial linkage strategies that have reduced the employability gap include; use of high-tech programs, the hierarchy of critical skills and industrial talent strategy. Their role in bridging the employability gap in the insurance sector has resulted in increase in productivity among employers and employees in the insurance sector.
Recommendations: The study recommended that insurance companies should incorporate and partner the high- tech companies who are more digitized, reinvent their workforce models and come up with training programs to nurture and equip their employees with top talent and adaptable skills.
PENGUASAAN MURID TENTANG PENGGUNAAN IMBUHAN MeN-, di- DAN BeR- DALAM PENULISAN KARANGAN RESPONS TERBUKA
Authors: ANNE JEFFREY KIHOB  , SAIDATUL NORNIS BT HJ MAHALI  
Published: January 2022

Kata berimbuhan mudah ditemui dalam mana-mana bentuk penulisan kerana morfem imbuhan yang diimbuhkan pada kata dasar akan membentuk kata kerja aktif transitif, tak transitif dan penanda pasif bagi ayat yang dibina. Walaupun sering digunakan dalam penulisan, pengimbuhan yang tidak tepat boleh mengganggu kegramatisan bahasa Melayu standard. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan terhadap 31 teks karangan respons terbuka murid-murid tingkatan empat daripada sebuah sekolah menengah di daerah Tuaran, Sabah, didapati 27 sampel karangan melakukan kesalahan penggunaan imbuhan awalan kata kerja meN- , di-, dan beR- . Kelemahan penguasaan varian imbuhan awalan menyebabkan kesalahan morfologi, ejaan dan ketidakgramatisan ayat yang dibina oleh murid. Pada masa yang sama, kesan daripada kelemahan penguasaan imbuhan murid, mereka telah mencipta istilah baharu yang jelas telah melanggar peraturan tatabahasa bahasa Melayu. Oleh itu, kesalahan yang didapati tidak wajar dipandang remeh kerana hal tersebut akan menyebabkan keterbiasaan murid untuk sewenang-wenangnya menggabungkan imbuhan dengan kata dasar bahasa Melayu yang lain tanpa merujuk sistem pengimbuhan yang betul. Malahan, dikhuatiri murid akan melakukan hal yang serupa dalam bentuk imbuhan yang lain. Akhirnya, murid sendiri tidak mengetahui fungsi sebenar proses pengimbuhan. Aspek pengimbuhan merupakan nahu bahasa Melayu yang wajib dikuasai oleh murid kerana agak sukar untuk membina ayat yang tidak melalui proses penerbitan. Bagi menangani masalah penguasaan imbuhan dalam kalangan murid, latih tubi yang berterusan dan pengajaran rumus pengimbuhan perlu didedahkan kepada murid.

It is easy to spot affixes in students’ essays as they formed transitive active verbs, intransitive verbs and passive verbs in their sentences. However, wrong use of affixation could cause ungrammatical use of the standard Malay language. Based on a content analysis of 31 open response essays written by form four students from a secondary school in Tuaran, Sabah, there were errors of affixation with meN-, di-, and beR- found in 27 essays. Improper usage of affix variants has led to morphology error, misspelling and ungrammatical sentences. The lack of knowledge on using appropriate affixes has led students to create new terms which clearly do not follow the rules of Malay grammar. The findings suggest that it should not be taken for granted as it would trigger students to bind affixes with other Malay basic words according to their wish without referring to the proper affixation system. Moreover, they may do the same to other affixes. In the end, students themselves could not figure out the function of affixation.Affixation should be mastered by students as many sentences are built from the process of combining a morpheme with other words. In order to resolve this matter, students need to be taught affixation formula and given continuous exercises.
امام بیہقی کا علمی مقام اوراحادیث سنن الکبری میں ان کا طرز تالیف
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waqas , Khan Bilal 
Published: January 2022

The most completed, comprehensive and the moderate ideal are the Ahadees and the Seerat of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) that are the source of deliverance for the whole people till Qyamah. There is no sphere of life, any part of society, individual and community problem that comes out way in which we don’t find his Ahadees Mubarkah as ideal. The nearest observance was got by Sahaba e kiram, Taabeen, Taba Tabeen, Muhddiseen one after the other. They not only learned by heart after hearing him and acted upon it but also tried their best to make reach his quotes, utterance, sayings and acts. The one of them is Allama Bahqi (r.a) that devoted his life for serving the Elm e Hades. He also founded a unique literary mood and tried to perform his obligation while claiming it his obligation to preach and to make the religion eminent. He was the man who left behind him small and large books about one hundred parts. One did not left such a huge treasure of knowledge before him.