bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Snap Beans, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Earliwax snap beans were planted in double row plots, 90 ft in length, on Jun 7. Each plot was buffered on either side by untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Jul 19 and Aug 3. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each of the center 2 rows was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. The soil type was a Matapeake silt loam. Insect counts were made on Aug 6 by counting the number of Mexican bean beetle larvae and adults/20 ft of row.
Insect Control on Spring Broccoli, 1982
Authors: Trumble John T. , Nakakihara H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'DeCicco' broccoli was seeded with a Ventura planter into single-row beds (1 m centers) on Feb 22 at the University of California's South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 18 m long and 3 rows wide with 1 row buffer between each treatment. Plants were sprinkle irrigated until emergence and furrow irrigated thereafter. On Mar 31, seedlings were thinned to 25 cm spacings. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete-block design. Pesticides were applied weekly with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer from„Apr 9 to May 10 (5 applications). As plant height and foliage density increased, nozzles varied from 1-3 per row (3.5-7.0 kg/cm2) and carrier (H2O) increased from 467-734 1/ha. Hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50-mesh screens. All treatments included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Control plots were not sprayed. Insects were monitored weekly from 10 randomly selected plants in the center row of each replicate except on Apr 21 when high winds lodged the broccoli. Data presented are season means/plant.
Hatching phenology of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon in the southern North Sea: inter-annual temperature variations and climate change effects
Authors: Saborowski Reinhard , Hünerlage Kim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crangon crangon is a key species in the southern North Sea and the most valuable target of coastal fisheries. Recruitment and stock development are highly variable. As recruitment is based on larval production, we determined the timing of larval release in relation to the annual temperature course and the winter water temperature. The annual temperature courses over 50 years (1961–2010) showed a strong inter-annual variation but also a continuous increase in winter water temperatures. The share of ovigerous C. crangon females starts to increase in October/November, reaches a maximum in May, and decreases continuously towards September/October. During cold winters (0°C), egg development is strongly retarded and hatching of larvae culminates in a sharp peak in early June. Warm winters (6°C) facilitate embryogenesis and the earliest larvae hatch in January and February. The temperature sums from November to April correlated significantly with the lowest winter water temperatures. Consequently, the lowest winter water temperatures provide a good indication for the appearance of C. crangon larvae and an estimate for the match or mismatch with the spring bloom and the production of microzooplankton, the preferred food of C. crangon larvae.
Research on efficiency measurement of information industry chain integration based on multiple structures and its application in carbon management industrial park
Authors: Dong Wei , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
To promote the integration of the information industry, chain is of great significance for enterprises to improve quality, efficiency cost reduction and high-quality industry development. In this paper, based on the data envelopment analysis method, the efficiency measurement models of series structure, parallel structure and hybrid structure industrial chain are constructed under two different scenarios of central decision-making mechanism and decentralized decision-making mechanism. By quantifying the input and output resources that is in each link of the information industry chain integration process, measuring the input and output efficiency under different industrial chain integration structure; comparing and analyzing the integration efficiency of different regions, different links, discussing the cause of the differences in the integration efficiency of industry chain; thus, providing policy recommendations for the efficiency of industrial chain integration. In addition, taking the actual situation of two industrial parks with the main characteristics of carbon emission in a city of China as an example, the paper analyzes the difference of the integration efficiency of the information industry chain between the two parks. The empirical analysis shows that the information industry chain integration efficiency measurement model based on data envelope analysis theory is feasible and effective. It can not only measure the industry chain efficiency as a whole but also compare and analyze the integration efficiency of enterprises in different links of the industry chain.
Determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin Residues in Milk by Automated Online Solid-Phase Extraction Combined With Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Hong-Peng , Chen Min-na , Ai Lian-Feng , Liang Shu-Xuan , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Vancomycin and norvancomycin, as potent antibacterial retention drugs, were used illegally on animals bred for food, which directly affected the quality and safety of animal-derived food, and even harmed human health.

Objective
A fast analysis method, which was adopted to detect residues of vancomycin and norvancomycin in milk, was implemented on a chromatographic system containing online solid-phase extraction (SPE) device that combined with high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS).

Method
First, the analytes were added to the blank milk sample were extracted with water [containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)]–acetonitrile (ACN) (8:2, v/v), and then were purified and enriched on a C18-XL column, whereafter eluted from the purification column onto the analytical column (Shiseido Capcell Pak ADME column) for chromatographic separation prior to hybrid quadrupole–Orbitrap (Q-Orbitrap) detection.

Results
The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) for each analyte and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.15  and 0.5 μg/kg, respectively. The correlation coefficient(s) of vancomycin and norvancomycin ranged from 0 to 200 ng/mL were greater than 0.9983.

Conclusions
These validations reflected that it was suitable for the established method to rapidly analyze vancomycin and norvancomycin residues in milk.

Highlights
The method for detecting vancomycin and norvancomycin residues in milk by online SPE combined with LC-HRMS. Online SPE technology realized automation, and the application of HRMS greatly improved the reliability of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The developed method is fast, simple, and reliable; each methodological index can meet requirements of trace analyses of vancomycin and norvancomycin in milk.
Formalism in Competition Law
Authors: Lindeboom Justin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the meaning and role of formalism in competition law. Drawing on general legal theory and philosophy, this article conceives of formalism as decision-making constrained by rules, whereby rules exclude considerations from the decision-making process. It analyzes the degree to which per se rules and the rule of reason in U.S. antitrust law and the category of “by object” restrictions in EU competition law involve formalistic reasoning. It subsequently discusses the relationship between “legal form” and “anticompetitive effects” and the debate on “form-based” versus “effects-based” approaches to competition law. It concludes that “effects-based” approaches to competition law typically involve formalistic legal rules, thus deconstructing the well-known form–effect dichotomy. Finally, this article analyzes the normative relationship between formalism, type 1 and 2 errors, and legal certainty, and argues that this relationship is fundamentally shaped by beliefs about institutional competence and the allocation of decisional jurisdiction. The article concludes by arguing against pejorative conceptions of “formalistic” and “form-based” competition law. Competition law, like law in general, is inherently formalistic, albeit to a limited degree. Rather than the empty dichotomy of “form” versus “effect,” the central question in competition law is to which formalism it ought to be committed.
The Hospital Ship as a Strategic Asset in21st Century Foreign Policy and Global Health Crises
Authors: Baker Michael S , Baker Jacob B , Burkle Frederick M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Current U.S. hospital ships—USNS Mercy and Comfort—are old, slow, cumbersome, and indefensible, and due for retirement. As new challenges and new threats emerge in the 21st century, the U.S. Navy should field new afloat medical platforms to potentially deal with both mass casualty scenarios and humanitarian disaster relief in a rapid and tactical manner. New hospital ships should be able to defend themselves with more modern weapons and to be interconnected with encrypted communications. They must be fast, nimble, tactical, defensible, and forward deployed in the risky global commons of the 21st century.

Materials and Methods
Systematic review of the literature on hospital ships, U.S. Navy policy, the Geneva Conventions, and current global threat conditions.

Results
Hospital ships provide medical support for U.S. forces in conflict and promote goodwill and a positive image of the U.S. abroad. Current hospital ships do not fit the operational paradigm of the current needs for forward deployed and rapidly deliverable operational medicine. There is a need for a new and more capable platform to deliver operational health care in the forward deployed setting.

Conclusions
Multiple high-speed medical response vessels—whether reconfigured from an existing ship, or an entirely new platform developed for more robust medical delivery—need to be urgently fielded for future combat operations, humanitarian missions, and participation in cooperative security engagements. These medical platforms need to be able to defend themselves and be tactically interconnected with the Fleet and Fleet Forces.
RESEARCH ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF RADIONUCLIDES AT IES – AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Yoshida Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper summarises the research works of the Institute for Environmental Sciences on the environmental behaviour of radionuclides related to the first commercial-spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The distribution and fluctuation in natural radiation in Aomori Prefecture were estimated as basic data. Radionuclides possibly released from the plant operation have been continuously measured using a variety of samples from different locations in Aomori Prefecture. During the test of cutting and chemical treatment of the spent fuel rods from 2006 to 2008, the concentration of 85Kr, 14C, 3H and 129I in the air increased, whereas that of 3H and 129I increased in several environmental samples. A numerical simulation model consisting of several sub-models was constructed for predicting the behaviour of released radionuclides in the environment and for evaluating the realistic radiation dose of residents around the facility.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Mutations & Variants Through the COG-UK-Mutation Explorer
Authors: Wright Derek W , Harvey William T , Hughes Joseph , Cox MacGregor , Peacock Thomas P , Colquhoun Rachel , Jackson Ben , Orton Richard , Nielsen Morten , Hsu Nienyun Sharon , Harrison Ewan M , de Silva Thushan I , Rambaut Andrew , Peacock Sharon J , Robertson David L , Carabelli Alessandro M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COG-UK Mutation Explorer (COG-UK-ME, https://sars2.cvr.gla.ac.uk/cog-uk/ - Last Accessed date 16/03/22) is a web resource that displays knowledge and analyses on SARS-CoV-2 virus genome mutations and variants circulating in the UK, with a focus on the observed amino acid replacements that have an antigenic role in the context of the human humoral and cellular immune response. This analysis is based on more than 2 million genome sequences (as of March 2022) for UK SARS-CoV-2 data held in the CLIMB-COVID centralised data environment. COG-UK-ME curates these data and displays analyses that are cross-referenced to experimental data collated from the primary literature. The aim is to track mutations of immunological importance that are accumulating in current variants of concern and variants of interest that could alter the neutralising activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), convalescent sera and vaccines. Changes in epitopes recognised by T cells, including those where reduced T cell binding has been demonstrated, are reported. Mutations that have been shown to confer SARS-CoV-2 resistance to antiviral drugs are also included. Using visualisation tools, COG-UK-ME also allows users to identify the emergence of variants carrying mutations that could decrease the neutralising activity of both mAbs present in therapeutic cocktails, e.g., Ronapreve. COG-UK-ME tracks changes in frequency of combination of mutations and brings together curated literature on the impact of those mutations on various functional aspects of the virus and therapeutics. Given SARS-CoV-2 unpredictable nature as exemplified by yet another variant of concern, Omicron, continued surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 remains imperative to monitor virus evolution linked to the efficacy of therapeutics.
Twelve-month clinical outcomes after implantation of a new, modular, anterior shape-changing fluid optic intraocular lens
Authors: Garg Sumit , De Jesus Melinda T. , Fletcher Laura M. , Chayet Arturo , Barragán Enrique , Casey Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To report the initial safety and effectiveness profile for an anterior shape-changing, modular IOL, Juvene IOL (JIOL), for the treatment of aphakia and presbyopia after removal of the natural crystalline lens due to cataract.

Setting:
2 private practices in Monterrey and Tijuana, Mexico.

Design:
Exploratory prospective multicenter open-label noncomparative clinical trial.

Methods:
A convenience sample of patients aged 50 to 80 years with planned cataract surgery was recruited to undergo unilateral or bilateral implantation with the JIOL. Patients were required to complete an informed consent and be able to dilate to at least 6.0 mm pharmacologically, be in good overall health, and have no significant eye health history to qualify. Visual acuities, defocus curves, and contrast sensitivity were measured for all patients 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
51 of 58 eyes completed the 12-month visit. Intraoperative complication rates were extremely low (n = 1; missed base lens tab). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were prolonged inflammation (N = 6) and cystoid macular edema (N = 4); all AEs were resolved without sequelae by the 12-month visit. The mean monocular logMAR corrected distance visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity, and distance-corrected near visual acuity were 0.01, 0.08, and 0.24, respectively. Defocus testing showed visual acuity > 20/40 from approximately +1.00 through −2.00 diopters. Binocular implantation (n = 16) provided superior performance over monocular implantation.

Conclusions:
The JIOL offers a new solution to treat presbyopia, providing clear functional vision performance across a range of distances with an acceptable initial safety profile.
Relationship Between Resilience and Perceived Control After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Oki Tomomi , Otaki Amane , Abuliezi Renaguli , Eckhardt Ann L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Patients with acute coronary syndrome report poor health-related quality of life and decreased levels of perceived control. Perceived control is a person's belief that they can cope with negative events. Resilience is an adaptation that gives people the capacity to recover from difficult situations, and higher levels of resilience may impact recovery after an acute event.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between resilience, perceived control, and health outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome within 6 months of discharge.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively from adult patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome in 3 university hospitals in the Tokyo Metropolitan area, Japan. All data were collected between December 2015 and December 2019. The Sukemune-Hiew Resilience Test (part 1) was used to measure resilience, which includes 3 domains of social support, self-efficacy, and sociality. The Control Attitudes Scale-Revised was used to measure perceived control. Linear regression and path analysis were used to statistically analyze the relationship among variables.

Results
Higher resilience, especially self-efficacy, was associated with higher perceived control during admission. Higher resilience, especially social support, during admission was associated with perceived control at 6 months after adjusting for income and education. Higher resilience during admission was associated with better perceived control at 3 months, which was associated with better health outcomes at 6 months. Higher income and lower depression were related to higher resilience.

Conclusions
Nurses should make sure patients with depression, low income, and low social support are connected with appropriate treatment and social support resources.
Computed Tomography Imaging of Iatrogenic Esophageal Injuries
Authors: Sargent Tyler , Al-Katib Sayf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of iatrogenic esophageal injuries is important given the variety of etiologies, including medical instrumentation (eg, endoscopes), radiotherapy, and anticoagulation. The clinical presentation and imaging findings of esophageal injuries depend on the mechanism and location of the injury. Imaging modalities commonly used for the evaluation of esophageal injuries include esophagram and computed tomography. Esophageal injuries should be considered in patients with acute chest symptoms. Recognizing an unsuspected esophageal injury on imaging can be critical to reaching the correct diagnosis given their nonspecific symptomatology. This review article highlights various iatrogenic esophageal injuries and their appearance on computed tomography imaging.
Synapse-type-specific competitive Hebbian learning forms functional recurrent networks
Authors: Eckmann Samuel , Young Edward James , Gjorgjieva Julijana 
Published: March 2022

Cortical networks exhibit complex stimulus-response patterns that are based on specific recurrent interactions between neurons. For example, the balance between excitatory and inhibitory currents has been identified as a central component of cortical computations. However, it remains unclear how the required synaptic connectivity can emerge in developing circuits where synapses between excitatory and inhibitory neurons are simultaneously plastic. Using theory and modeling, we propose that a wide range of cortical response properties can arise from a single plasticity paradigm that acts simultaneously at all excitatory and inhibitory connections – Hebbian learning that is stabilized by the synapse-type-specific competition for a limited supply of synaptic resources. In plastic recurrent circuits, this competition enables the formation and decorrelation of inhibition-balanced receptive fields. Networks develop an assembly structure with stronger synaptic connections between similarly tuned excitatory and inhibitory neurons and exhibit response normalization and orientation-specific center-surround suppression, reflecting the stimulus statistics during training. These results demonstrate how neurons can self-organize into functional networks and suggest an essential role for synapse-type-specific competitive learning in the development of cortical circuits.Significance StatementCortical circuits perform diverse computations, primarily determined by highly structured synaptic connectivity patterns that develop during early sensory experience via synaptic plasticity. To understand how these structured connectivity patterns emerge, we introduce a general learning framework for networks of recurrently connected neurons. The framework is rooted in the biologically plausible assumption that synapses compete for limited synaptic resources, which stabilizes synaptic growth. Motivated by the unique protein composition of different synapse types, we assume that different synapse types compete for separate resource pools. Using theory and simulation, we show how this synapse-type-specific competition allows the stable development of structured synaptic connectivity patterns, as well as diverse computations like response normalization and surround suppression.
Patterned apoptosis has an instructive role for local growth and tissue shape regulation in a fast-growing epithelium
Authors: Matamoro-Vidal Alexis , Cumming Tom , Davidović Anđela , Levayer Romain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat regulates organ size and shape remains one of the fundamental mysteries of modern biology. So far, research in this area has primarily focused on deciphering the regulation in time and space of growth and cell division, while the contribution of cell death has been much more neglected. This includes studies of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, the prospective fly wing which undergoes massive growth during larval stage, and represents one of the best characterised systems for the study of growth and patterning. So far, it has been assumed that cell death was relatively neglectable in this tissue and as a result the pattern of growth was usually attributed to the distribution of cell division. Here, using systematic mapping and registration combined with quantitative assessment of clone size and disappearance, we show for the first time that cell death is not neglectable, and outline a persistent pattern of cell death and clone elimination in the disc. Local variation of cell death is associated with local variation of clone size, pointing to an impact of cell death on local growth which is not fully compensated by proliferation. Using morphometric analyses of adult wing shape and genetic perturbations, we provide evidence that patterned death affects locally and globally adult wing shape and size. This study describes a roadmap for accurate assessment of the contribution of cell death to tissue shape, and outlines for the first time an important instructive role of cell death in modulating quantitatively local growth and the morphogenesis of a fast-growing tissue.