bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why using bed nets is a challenge among minority populations in Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Thi , Nguyen Xa Xuan , Wilson-Barthes Marta , Sawada Ikumi , Muela Joan , Hausmann-Muela Susanna , Pham Thanh Vinh , Van Nguyen Hong , Van Nguyen Van , Tran Duong Thanh , Gryseels Charlotte , D’Alessandro Umberto , Grietens Koen Peeters , Erhart Annette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite freely distributed insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and health information campaigns to increase their use among populations at risk, malaria transmission persists in forested areas in Vietnam, especially among ethnic minority communities. A mixed-methods study was conducted in four villages of Ca Dong and M’nong ethnicity in Central Vietnam between 2009 and 2011 to assess factors limiting the uptake of ITNs.

Methods
The mixed-methods research design consisted of a qualitative study to explore the context and barriers to ITN use, and a cross-sectional household survey (n = 141) to quantify factors for limited and appropriate net use.

Results
The Ca Dong and M’nong’s livelihood was dependent on swidden farming in the forest. Poverty-related factors, including the lack of beds, blankets, the practice of sleeping around the kitchen fire and deteriorated ITNs due to open housing structures, were reasons for alternative and non-use of ITNs. When household members stayed overnight in plot huts at fields, ITNs were even more unavailable and easily deteriorated. 72.5% of households reported having received one net for every two persons, and 82.2% of participants reported to have used ITNs the night before the survey. However, only 18.4% of participants were estimated to be effectively protected by ITNs after accounting for the availability of torn ITNs and the way ITNs were used, for example as blankets, at both village and fields. Multi-variable logistic regression showed the effect of four significant factors for appropriate ITN use: i) being female (AOR = 8.08; p = 0.009); ii) aware of mosquito bites as the sole cause of malaria (AOR = 7.43; p = 0.008); iii) not sleeping around the kitchen fire (AOR = 24.57; p = 0.001); and iv) having sufficient number of ITNs in the household (AOR = 21.69; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study showed how social factors rooted in poverty and swidden agriculture limited the effective use of ITNs, despite high coverage, among ethnic minority populations in Central Vietnam. An in-depth understanding of the local context is essential to develop specific indicators for measuring ITN use.
Tenfold difference in DNA recovery rate: systematic comparison of whole blood vs. dried blood spot sample collection for malaria molecular surveillance
Authors: Holzschuh Aurel , Koepfli Cristian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Molecular and genomic surveillance is becoming increasingly used to track malaria control and elimination efforts. Blood samples can be collected as whole blood and stored at − 20 °C until DNA extraction, or as dried blood spots (DBS), circumventing the need for a cold chain. Despite the wide use of either method, systematic comparisons of how the method of blood sample preservation affects the limit of detection (LOD) of molecular diagnosis and the proportion of DNA recovered for downstream applications are lacking.

Methods
Extractions based on spin columns, magnetic beads, Tween-Chelex, and direct PCR without prior extraction were compared for whole blood and dried blood spots (DBS) using dilution series of Plasmodium falciparum culture samples. Extracted DNA was quantified by qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Results
DNA recovery was 5- to 10-fold higher for whole blood compared to DBS, resulting in a 2- to 3-fold lower LOD for both extraction methods compared to DBS. For whole blood, a magnetic bead-based method resulted in a DNA recovery rate of 88–98% when extracting from whole blood compared to 17–33% for a spin-column based method. For extractions from DBS, the magnetic bead-based method resulted in 8–20% DNA recovery, while the spin-column based method resulted in only 2% DNA recovery. The Tween-Chelex method was superior to other methods with 15–21% DNA recovery, and even more sensitive than extractions from whole blood samples. The direct PCR method was found to have the lowest LOD overall for both, whole blood and DBS.

Conclusions
Pronounced differences in LOD and DNA yield need to be considered when comparing prevalence estimates based on molecular methods and when selecting sampling protocols for other molecular surveillance applications.
Maternal exposure to CeO2NPs derails placental development through trophoblast dysfunction mediated by excessive autophagy activation
Authors: Chen Zhuxiu , Geng Yanqing , Gao Rufei , Zhong Hangtian , Chen Jun , Mu Xinyi , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Yan , Li Fangfang , He Junlin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The increasing use of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in biomedical field has attracted substantial attention about their potential risks to human health. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticles can induce placental dysfunction and even fetal abortion, but a more detailed mechanism of nanoparticles affecting placental development remains elusive.

Results
Here, we constructed a mouse exposure model with different doses of CeO2NPs (2.5, 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg−1 day−1, average particle size 3–5 nm), finding that intravenous exposure to pregnant mice with CeO2NPs could cause abnormal placental development. Deposited nanoparticles were able to be observed in the placental trophoblast at doses of 5 and 7.5 mg kg−1 day−1. Diving into molecular mechanisms indicated that CeO2NPs exposure could lead to autophagy activation in placental trophoblast. At the cellular level, exposure to CeO2NPs inhibited the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo and activated the autophagy through mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy initiation by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) partially restored the function of HTR-8/SVneo, while blocking autophagic flow by Chloroquine (CQ) aggravated the functional damage.

Conclusions
Maternal exposure to CeO2NPs impairs placental development through trophoblast dysfunction mediated by excessive autophagy activation. These results suggested that autophagy dysfunction may be a potential mechanism for the impairment of trophoblast by CeO2NPs exposure. As above, our findings provide insights into the toxicity mechanism to the reproductive system induced by rare-earth nanoparticles exposure.

Graphical Abstract
Metallic phase enabling MoS2 nanosheets as an efficient sonosensitizer for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Chen Huizhi , He Xiaojun , Zhou Zhan , Wu Zhikang , Li Hai , Peng Xinsheng , Zhou Yubin , Tan Chaoliang , Shen Jianliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (e.g., MoS2) with metallic phase (1T or 1T´ phase) have been proven to exhibit superior performances in various applications as compared to their semiconducting 2H-phase counterparts. However, it remains unclear how the crystal phase of 2D TMD nanosheets affects their sonodynamic property. In this work, we report the preparation of MoS2 nanosheets with different phases (metallic 1T/1T´ or semiconducting 2H) and exploration of its crystal-phase effect on photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial therapy. Interestingly, the defective 2D MoS2 nanosheets with high-percentage metallic 1T/1T´ phase (denoted as M-MoS2) present much higher activity towards the ultrasound-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to the semiconducting 2H-phase MoS2 nanosheets. More interestingly, owing to its metallic phase-enabled strong absorption in the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) regime, the ultrasound-induced ROS generation performance of the M-MoS2 nanosheets can be further enhanced by the photothermal effect under a 1064 nm laser irradiation. Thus, after modifying with polyvinylpyrrolidone, the M-MoS2 nanosheets can be used as an efficient sonosensitizer for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic bacterial elimination under ultrasound treatment combining with NIR-II laser irradiation. This study demonstrates that metallic MoS2 nanosheets can be used as a promising sonosensitizer for antibacterial therapy, which might be also promising for cancer therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Engineering stem cells to produce exosomes with enhanced bone regeneration effects: an alternative strategy for gene therapy
Authors: Li Feiyang , Wu Jun , Li Daiye , Hao Liuzhi , Li Yanqun , Yi Dan , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Chen Di , Lu William W. , Pan Haobo , Wong Tak Man , Zhao Xiaoli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Exosomes derived from stem cells have been widely studied for promoting regeneration and reconstruction of multiple tissues as “cell-free” therapies. However, the applications of exosomes have been hindered by limited sources and insufficient therapeutic potency.

Results
In this study, a stem cell-mediated gene therapy strategy is developed in which mediator mesenchymal stem cells are genetically engineered by bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene to produce exosomes (MSC-BMP2-Exo) with enhanced bone regeneration potency. This effect is attributed to the synergistic effect of the content derived from MSCs and the up-regulated BMP2 gene expression. The MSC-BMP2-Exo also present homing ability to the injured site. The toxic effect of genetical transfection vehicles is borne by mediator MSCs, while the produced exosomes exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In addition, by plasmid tracking, it is interesting to find a portion of plasmid DNA can be encapsulated by exosomes and delivered to recipient cells.

Conclusions
In this strategy, engineered MSCs function as cellular factories, which effectively produce exosomes with designed and enhanced therapeutic effects. The accelerating effect in bone healing and the good biocompatibility suggest the potential clinical application of this strategy.

Graphical Abstract
Setting the policy agenda for the treatment of substance use disorders in Iran
Authors: Mirzaei Saeid , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Nakhaee Nouzar , Oroomiei Nadia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug use is one of the most common public health problems globally. This study was done to analyze the agenda-setting of policies related to substance use disorder treatment in Iran since 1979.

Methods
The current qualitative study was done through document review and interviews with policymakers and executives. Purposive sampling with snowball strategy was considered for sampling. Semi-structured interviews were done. A total of 22 documents were examined, and the data were saturated with 32 interviews. Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework was used to analyze the data.

Results
The results indicated the intersection of problem stream, policy stream, political stream, and opening the opportunity window. In the problem stream, the rapid growth of AIDS among people who inject drugs (PWID), the decrease in the average age of first drug use, the increase in the prevalence of substance use disorder in women, the ineffectiveness of compulsive treatment, and criminological perspectives played key roles. The policy stream included criminological perspective and war on drugs, and harm reduction. The political stream included announcing general anti-narcotics policies by the Supreme Leader of Iran and understanding the need for treatment, rehabilitation, harm reduction, and social support for substance use disorder by officials and policymakers.

Conclusions
For a long time in Iran, policies based on the war on drugs were the dominant approach, and then, policies based on harm reduction and patient-centeredness were considered. The ideology and political parties influenced the executive apparatus's policy stream in this area. In countries with an ideological approach, the political stream plays a critical role in setting issues on the agenda. Therefore, policy entrepreneurs can put the points on the agenda by attracting the attention of political forces to the issue.
Rheumatic fever in a developed country – is it still relevant? A retrospective, 25 years follow-up
Authors: Tal Rotem , Hamad Saied Mohamad , Zidani Razi , Levinsky Yoel , Straussberg Rachel , Amir Jacob , Amarilyo Gil , Harel Liora 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Our aims were to clinically and epidemiologically characterize rheumatic fever (RF) in the current era in Israel. Although there has been a steady decline in the incidence of RF in the western world, evidence of disease resurgence in developed countries continues to be published. The paucity of recent epidemiological data prompted our study.

Methods
Medical files were retrospectively reviewed for all children with RF in our tertiary pediatric university-affiliated hospital from 1993 to 2017. Main outcome measures were patients and disease related characteristics, incidence trends, risk factors, disease course, relapse rates and secondary prophylaxis.

Results
The cohort included 307 children. Sixty-four percent presented with arthritis, interestingly including hips and small joints of hands and feet at presentation, 52% presented with carditis. Severe carditis developed in 31 patients (19.5%), of whom 21 (13.2% of all carditis patients) acquired heart failure, 5 required intensive care monitoring, with one recent death. The percentage of patients with acute carditis of the overall RF patients remained relatively stable. Thirty-two patients (10% of patients with RF) relapsed, including 11 with a cardiac relapse (3.6% of all cardiac patients). The recurrence rate of RF continued to rise up to 9 years from the initial episode. One of 147 patients (< 0.7%) with a non-cardiac initial presentation had carditis at relapse.

Conclusion
RF and rheumatic heart disease remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality including developed countries, with relapse rate continuing after 9 years of prophylaxis. Presentation of small joints as well as hips, although uncommon, should not exclude the diagnosis.
COVID-19 epidemic in New York City: development of an age group-specific mathematical model to predict the outcome of various vaccination strategies
Authors: Li Miaolei , Zu Jian , Zhang Yue , Ma Le , Shen Mingwang , Li Zongfang , Ji Fanpu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Since December 14, 2020, New York City (NYC) has started the first batch of COVID-19 vaccines. However, the shortage of vaccines is currently an inevitable problem. Therefore, optimizing the age-specific COVID-19 vaccination is an important issue that needs to be addressed as a priority.

Objective
Combined with the reported COVID-19 data in NYC, this study aimed to construct a mathematical model with five age groups to estimate the impact of age-specific vaccination on reducing the prevalence of COVID-19.

Methods
We proposed an age-structured mathematical model and estimated the unknown parameters based on the method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We also calibrated our model by using three different types of reported COVID-19 data in NYC. Moreover, we evaluated the reduced cumulative number of deaths and new infections with different vaccine allocation strategies.

Results
Compared with the current vaccination strategy in NYC, if we gradually increased the vaccination coverage rate for only one age groups from March 1, 2021 such that the vaccination coverage rate would reach to 40% by June 1, 2021, then as of June 1, 2021, the cumulative deaths in the 75–100 age group would be reduced the most, about 72 fewer deaths per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals, and the cumulative new infections in the 0–17 age group would be reduced the most, about 21,591 fewer new infections per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals. If we gradually increased the vaccination coverage rate for two age groups from March 1, 2021 such that the vaccination coverage rate would reach to 40% by June 1, 2021, then as of June 1, 2021, the cumulative deaths in the 65–100 age group would be reduced the most, about 36 fewer deaths per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals, and the cumulative new infections in the 0–44 age group would be reduced the most, about 17,515 fewer new infections per increased 100,000 vaccinated individuals. In addition, if we had an additional 100,000 doses of vaccine for 0–17 and 75–100 age groups as of June 1, 2021, then the allocation of 80% to the 0–17 age group and 20% to the 75–100 age group would reduce the maximum numbers of new infections and deaths simultaneously in NYC.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 burden including deaths and new infections would decrease with increasing vaccination coverage rate. Priority vaccination to the elderly and adolescents would minimize both deaths and new infections.
Innovation of strip fertilization planting for rice straw crushing with back-throwing and interrow-laying
Authors: Shi Yinyan , Jiang Ye , Wang Xiaochan , Yu Haiming , Liu Hui , Chen Jingbo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In order to improve the current situations in rice–wheat rotation region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as large amount of rice straw, complex returning process, short-time stubble connection, high power consumption, poor smoothness and especially unstable performance, and further promote the resource utilization process of full straw returning in Jiangsu province, this study, combined with the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing in rice-stubble land, developed an innovation of strip fertilization planting for straw crushing with back-throwing and interrow-laying in full stubble fields.

Results
Structural design and theoretical analysis were carried out on key components such as straw crushing device, broken-straw control device, soil rotary-tillage device and power transmission device, etc., to determine the corresponding structure and operating performance parameters, and then the field performance and verification tests were completed on the uniformity of inter-row mulching-straw Y1 and the variability of seed-band width Y2. The results showed that the crushing spindle rotation-speed A had an extremely significant impact on Y1, followed by the machine ground speed B. The conveying impeller rotation-speed C had an extremely significant effect on Y2, also secondary to the machine ground speed B. And the superior combination of factor levels as A2B2C2 was adopted through the comprehensive power energy consumption analysis. The verification test results indicated that under the optimized operation parameter combination, namely, when the crushing spindle rotation-speed A was 2100 r/min, the machine ground speed B was 0.8 m/s, and the conveying impeller rotation-speed C was 210 r/min, the mean value of inter-row straw uniformity Y1 and seed-band width variation Y2 were 90.85% and 10.73%, respectively, after machine operation.

Conclusion
It meets the requirements of operation quality and planting agronomy of relevant protective tillage machinery, and provides technical and equipment support for the research and development of similar straw crushing and no-tillage sowing.
Safety and efficacy of minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy in 1023 consecutive esophageal cancer patients: a single-center experience
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Dong , Li Shi-Cong , Lu Chao , Zhang Wei-Ming , Hou Jian-Bin , Shi Ke-Feng , Zhang Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
By analyzing the perioperative, postoperative complications and long-term overall survival time, we summarized the 8-year experience of minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in a single medical center.

Methods
This retrospective follow-up study included 1023 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent MIE-McKeown between Mar 2013 and Oct 2020. Relevant variables were collected and evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
For 1023 esophageal cancer undergoing MIE-McKeown, the main intraoperative complications were bleeding (3.0%, 31/1023) and tracheal injury (1.7%, 17/1023). There was no death occurred during operation. The conversion rate of thoracoscopy to thoracotomy was 2.2% (22/1023), and laparoscopy to laparotomy was 0.3% (3/1023). The postoperative morbidity of complications was 36.2% (370/1023), of which anastomotic leakage 7.7% (79/1023), pulmonary complication 13.4% (137/1023), chylothorax 2.3% (24/1023), and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 8.8% (90/1023). The radical resection rate (R0) was 96.0% (982/1023), 30-day mortality was 0.3% (3/1023). For 1000 cases with squamous cell carcinoma, the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival was 37.2% and 17.8% respectively. In addition, neoadjuvant chemotherapy offered 3-year disease-free survival rate advantage in advanced stage patients (for stage IV: 7.2% vs. 1.8%).

Conclusions
This retrospective single center study demonstrates that MIE-McKeown procedure is feasible and safe with low perioperative and postoperative complications’ morbidity, and acceptable long-term oncologic results.
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease overview
Authors: Rodríguez-Olivas Armando O. , Hernández-Zamora Edgar , Reyes-Maldonado Elba 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease (LCPD) is a necrosis of the femoral head which affects the range of motion of the hips. Its incidence is variable, ranging from 0.4/100,000 to 29.0/ 100,000 children. Although LCPD was first described in the beginning of the past century, limited is known about its etiology. Our objective is to describe the main areas of interest in Legg–Calve–Perthes disease.

Methods
A review of the literature regarding LCPD etiology was performed, considering the following inclusion criteria: Studies reporting clinical or preclinical results. The research group carried out a filtered search on the PubMed and Science Direct databases. To maximize the suitability of the search results, we combined the terms ‘‘Perthes disease” OR “LCPD” OR “children avascular femoral head necrosis” with “diagnostic” OR “treatment” OR “etiology” as either key words or MeSH terms.

Results
In this article been described some areas of interest in LCPD, we include topics such as: history, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and possible etiology, since LCPD has an unknown etiology.

Conclusions
This review suggests that LCPD has a multifactorial etiology where environmental, metabolic and genetic agents could be involved.