bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-10 Receptor Blockade Delivered Simultaneously with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccination Sustains Long-Term Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice
Authors: Dwivedi Varun , Gautam Shalini , Headley Colwyn A , Piergallini Tucker , Torrelles Jordi B , Turner Joanne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunization still remains the best vaccination strategy available to control the development of active tuberculosis. Protection afforded by BCG vaccination gradually wanes over time and although booster strategies have promise, they remain under development. An alternative approach is to improve BCG efficacy through host-directed therapy. Building upon prior knowledge that blockade of IL-10R1 during early Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection improves and extends control of M. tuberculosis infection in mice, we employed a combined anti–IL-10R1/BCG vaccine strategy. An s.c. single vaccination of BCG/anti–IL10-R1 increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and reduced Th1 and Th17 cytokine levels in the lung for up to 7 wk postvaccination. Subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in mice showed both an early (4 wk) and sustained long-term (47 wk) control of infection, which was associated with increased survival. In contrast, protection of BCG/saline-vaccinated mice waned 8 wk after M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings demonstrate that a single and simultaneous vaccination with BCG/anti–IL10-R1 sustains long-term protection, identifying a promising approach to enhance and extend the current BCG-mediated protection against TB.
Targeting IFN-λ Signaling Promotes Recovery from Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
Authors: Manivasagam Sindhu , Williams Jessica L , Vollmer Lauren L , Bollman Bryan , Bartleson Juliet M , Ai Shenjian , Wu Gregory F , Klein Robyn S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Type III IFNs (IFNLs) are newly discovered cytokines, acting at epithelial and other barriers, that exert immunomodulatory functions in addition to their primary roles in antiviral defense. In this study, we define a role for IFNLs in maintaining autoreactive T cell effector function and limiting recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Genetic or Ab-based neutralization of the IFNL receptor (IFNLR) resulted in lack of disease maintenance during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with loss of CNS Th1 effector responses and limited axonal injury. Phenotypic effects of IFNLR signaling were traced to increased APC function, with associated increase in T cell production of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Consistent with this, IFNL levels within lesions of CNS tissues derived from patients with MS were elevated compared with MS normal-appearing white matter. Furthermore, expression of IFNLR was selectively elevated in MS active lesions compared with inactive lesions or normal-appearing white matter. These findings suggest IFNL signaling as a potential therapeutic target to prevent chronic autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Modulation of SIRT1 expression improves erectile function in aged rats
Authors: Yu Wen , Wang Jing , Dai Yu-Tian , Wang Bin , Xu Yang , Gao Qing-Qiang , Xu Zhi-Peng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) is an aging-related protein activated with aging. Herein, we evaluated the role of SIRT1 in aging-related erectile dysfunction. The expression of SIRT1 was modulated in aged Sprague-Dawley rats following intragastric administration of resveratrol (Res; 5 mg kg−1), niacinamide (NAM; 500 mg kg−1) or Res (5 mg kg−1) + tadalafil (Tad; phosphodiesterase-5 [PDE5] inhibitor; 5 mg kg−1) for 8 weeks. Then, we determined erectile function by the ratio of intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP). Cavernosal tissues were extracted to evaluate histological changes, cell apoptosis, nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the superoxide dismutase (SOD)/3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) level, and the expression of SIRT1, p53, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) using immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and western blot analysis. Compared with the control, Res treatment significantly improved erectile function, reflected by an increased content of smooth muscle and endothelium, NO/cGMP and SOD activity, and reduced cell apoptosis and MDA levels. The effect of Res was improved by adding Tad. In addition, the protein expression of SIRT1 was increased in the Res group, accompanied by decreased p53 and FOXO3a levels. In addition, inhibition of SIRT1 by NAM treatment resulted in adverse results compared with Res treatment. SIRT1 activation ameliorated aging-related erectile dysfunction, supporting the potential of SIRT1 as a target for erectile dysfunction treatment.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and persistent hyperparathyroidism in an Egyptian cohort of renal transplant recipients
Authors: Gawish Rasha I. Abd Elrazek , Hatab Ahmed Abd E.A. , Zeid Montaser M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Vitamin D metabolism might be influenced by impaired allograft function and by persistently elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels as well. Hyperparathyroidism is a frequent and sometimes severe complication following renal transplantation.

Purpose
The primary objective was to measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in renal transplant recipients in a single center (Almowasah Hospital). The secondary objective was to determine predictors of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels using patient characteristics to identify patients at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Patients and methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 renal transplant recipients for whom 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured. Intact PTH was measured as well and compared with pretransplant values.

Results
The majority of the patients, representing ∼81.8%, were vitamin D deficient, whereas 14.5% had insufficient serum vitamin D level. A minority of the patients (3.6%) showed sufficient vitamin D level. The mean vitamin D level was 15.13±7.03 ng/ml. Approximately 38.2% of the patients showed evidence of persistent hyperparathyroidism. The median PTH level was higher in the pretransplant period, with a value of 308.0 pg/ml, compared with the posttransplant period (121.0 pg/ml). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Serum PTH level showed a reduction in its level by ∼55.79% after transplantation.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in renal transplant recipients. It is also more prevalent in early than late transplant recipients, and there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and PTH.
Trends and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Del Re Andrew , Rivera Perla Krissia M. , Aghagoli Ghazal , Bellam Krishna , Sellke Frank W , Ehsan Afshin 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, representing the highest proportion of deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Treatment of coronary artery disease ranges from prevention to intervention, with the latter warranting a decision between surgical versus percutaneous revascularization. Medical optimization before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an important step in the care continuum. While the optimization of many risk factors such as smoking has been studied extensively, the inclusion of mental health conditions in preoperative health assessment is not yet standard of care. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental health disorder and has been shown to affect physiological processes that are critical in recovery after cardiac surgery.

Methods:
We queried the national inpatient sample from 2000 to 2017 for patients ≥18 years undergoing CABG with and without MDD. Patients who left against medical advice were excluded. Patients with a diagnosis of MDD were compared against those without. Our primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, favorable discharge (home or home with services), and length of stay. Multivariable models were used for the various outcomes and each model adjusted for confounding variables.

Results:
A total of 2,988,997 met clinical criteria for inclusion including 108,782 with an MDD diagnosis. Most patients were male (n = 2,135,804, 71.46%), White (n = 2,417,216, 80.87%), and the average age was 66.3 years (standard deviation = 10.8 years). After adjustment, patients with a diagnosis of MDD were found to have lower odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] 0.64 [0.56–0.73], P < 0.001) and had decreased odds of home discharge (OR = 0.66 [0.63–0.69], P < 0.001) after CABG. Overall, length of stay was similar between the groups, with MDD patients having a slightly longer length of stay (β-coefficient = 1.03 [1.03–1.04], P < 0.001). Patients with a diagnosis of MDD were also found to have lower odds of acute kidney injury (OR = 0.70 [0.61–0.81], P < 0.001), cardiogenic shock (OR = 0.75 [0.68–0.83], P < 0.001), infection (OR = 0.78 [0.69–0.89], P < 0.001), transient ischemic attack/stroke (OR = 0.75 [0.63–0.89], P = 0.001), acute liver injury (OR = 0.45 [0.34–0.61], P < 0.001), and acute limb ischemia (OR = 0.57 [0.40–0.82], P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Patients with a diagnosis of MDD have decreased odds of postoperative morbidity and mortality after CABG in addition to having lower odds of home discharge. The present study suggests a need for prospective investigations on the impact of MDD diagnosis and outcomes after CABG to further understand this relationship.
The frequency, related cause of disease, and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Kalvandi Gholamreza , Abangah Ghobad , Veisani Yousef , Nourmohammadi Hassan , Golitaleb Mohamad , Tavan Hamed 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most dreadful viruses causing high mortality rates and serious damages to hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, related causes/risk factors, and treatments of HBV infection in Iran by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
The data were obtained by a literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Web of Sciences databases. Keywords included prevalence, risk factors, causes, treatment, and HBV. The Persian equivalents of these keywords were also searched. The time span included 2004 to2021. The Q and I
2 statistics were used to check heterogeneity among studies. The data were analyzed using Stata (version 14).

Results:
The frequencies of HBV infection and its pharmaceutical therapy were P = 6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4–9, I
2 = 95.2%, P < 0.001) and 19% (95% CI: 18%–30%, I
2 = 98.9%, P < 0.001), respectively. The most common risk factors/causes of HBV were narcotic consumption, blood-related factors, and transmission from infected individuals with the respective frequencies of 27% (95% CI: 16%–38%, I
2 = 88.7%, P < 0.001), 32% (95% CI: 11%–53%, I
2 = 99.8%, P < 0.001), 25% (95% CI: 10%–41%, I
2 = 99.3%, P < 0.001), and 15% (95% CI: 7%–22%, I
2 = 98.4%, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion:
The most important causes of HBV infection were transmission from infected people, narcotic consumption, and blood-related factors. The main therapeutic intervention for HBV was pharmaceutical therapy.
A new ratio derived from inflammasome markers can serve as a marker of assessment of glycemic index in children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dezayee Zhian M I , Al-Nimer Marwan S M 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Mature inflammasome markers play a role in the development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to derive ratios from the serum levels of interleukins (ILs): IL-1β and IL-18 and to relate their values with glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted at Hawler Medical University in Erbil-Iraq from April to July 2018. Healthy subjects (Group I, n = 40) and patients (Group II, n = 76) were recruited from primary schools and the Center of Diabetes in Erbil, respectively. Glycemic indices (including fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and peptide C) and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 and the ratio of neutrophil or platelet to lymphocyte) were determined.

Results:
Cutoff values of 105 pg/mL, 85 pg/mL, and 1.235 for serum IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1β to IL-18 ratio, respectively, were found to be significant discriminators of glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers with respect to the calculated area under the curve.

Conclusion:
A ratio of IL-1β to IL-18 adjusted to 1.235 can serve as a useful marker of assessment of glycemic index. This ratio does not discriminate the status of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D.
Validation of Self-Assessed Form of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research Adapted from Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research - Structured Interview
Authors: Goli Farzad , Roohafza Hamidreza , Khani Azam , Afshar Hamid 
Published: February 2022

Background:
As the diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research-structured interview (DCPR-SI) is a rater-assessed questionnaire, it has not been used vastly in community-based studies and clinics. Describing and investigating self-assessed form of DCPR are an attempt to apply it easier and more worthwhile for medical settings. The aim of this study was to describe and present self-assessed form of DCPR self-assessed (DCPR-SA) and test its validity and reliability.

Materials and Methods:
The DCPR-SI was translated to Persian according to the best practice methodology and the guideline for adaptation of self-report measures. In this cross-sectional study, 540 patients and healthy individuals were recruited and answered DCPR-SA and some related questionnaires. Inter-rater (test–interview) and test–retest reliability were determined. Construct, concurrent, discriminant, and known-group validity were tested.

Results:
The kappa coefficients were expressed substantial and almost perfect agreement (0.617–0.784, P ≤ 0.05). In addition, phi correlation coefficients were indicated adequate test–retest reliability for each cluster (0.548–0.754, P ≤ 0.05). Three domains (anxiety-related symptoms, functional symptoms, and dysfunctional traits and emotional patterns) were confirmed by factor analysis. The results of the discriminate validity analysis were promising.

Conclusion:
The findings show that the DCPR-SA is valid and reliable and can be used by medical professionals as a psychosomatic screening tool and can be used properly in Persian-speaking population.
Proximate compositions, amino acid profiles, and sensory evaluation of ‘okpa’ prepared and enriched with three leafy green vegetables
Authors: Asomugha I.C. , Peter I.S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Under-nutrition is a global health problem that affects all age groups especially the vulnerable ones particularly young children.
Objectives: The study examined proximate compositions, amino acid profiles and sensory qualities of ‘Okpa’ prepared and enriched with fluted pumpkin, bitter leaf and scent leaf.
Materials and methods: The ‘Okpa’ was prepared by thoroughly mixing the flour with palm oil, uziza, pepper, salt, water and the three vegetables. Three samples labelled A (Okpa + scent leaf), B (Okpa +fluted pumpkin and C (Okpa +bitter leaf) were prepared. Proximate and amino acid analysis were done following standard procedures and twenty panelists evaluated their sensory qualities.
Results: This indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in samples crude protein contents and values ranged from 12.38% (A)-15.10% (C). (Okpa + Bitter leaf) had highest ash content of 7.91% while (Okpa + Scent leaf) had the least (4.44%). Carbohydrate content of samples ranged from 47.73% (C)-56.12% (A). Total dietary fiber content of (Okpa + Scent leaf) was the highest (8.62%). Amino acid profiles, (Okpa + Bitter leaf) was significantly higher in leucine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine, histidine and threonine with values of 9.48, 5.21, 4.11, 4.81, 1.26, 4.41, 2.95 and 3.11g/100g, respectively. Sensory qualities of samples showed that (Okpa + Scent leaf) was accepted more than the others because it scored highest in colour, texture, taste and flavor while (Okpa + Bitter leaf) was the least accepted.
Conclusion: Addition of bitter leaf to Okpa improved nutrient content and could be used instead of the usual scent leaf and sometimes fluted pumpkin often used.
Association of skipping breakfast on nutritional status of adolescents in selected secondary schools in Opi, Nsukka local government area, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Onodugo N.G. , Nnadi I.M. , Wilfred Z.E. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Although breakfast meal has been regarded as the most essential meal for the day because it improves both the nutritional status and academic performance, research findings have demonstrated that skipping of meals was prevalent among group of individuals.
Objective: Association of skipping breakfast on nutritional status of adolescents in selected secondary schools in Opi, Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in conducting this study. The study was conducted in Opi, a town in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State in South-Eastern Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 210 secondary school students involved in the study. The collection of data included the use of a structured questionnaire; measurement of anthropometric indices. Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 21was employed in the data analysis. T-test and Chi-Square were used to analyze the relationship among variables and results were presented as frequencies and percentages, means, and standard deviations. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Majority (72.4%) of the respondents were females and 60.0% were aged 14-16 years. Approximately 50% of the respondents’ fathers and 25.5% of mothers earned less than N 30,000 every monthly. Majority (94.8%) of the respondents skipped breakfast. Little above twenty percent (20.5%) of the respondents was mildly stunted while 13.3% were overweight for their age.
Conclusion: Breakfast skipping and malnutrition in the form of mild to moderate stunting and overweight were prevalent among the study participants suggesting the need for nutrition education to enlighten them on the importance of regular consumption of breakfast meals.
Musgos (Bryophyta) da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Moraes Eryka de Nazaré Rezende , Lisboa Regina Célia Lobato 
Published: February 2022

Na Serra dos Carajás, província mineral situada no sul do estado do Pará, onde ocorre grande quantidade de minérios, como ferro, manganês, cobre, ouro, níquel e outros, foram realizadas coletas de Bryophyta (musgos), visando a inventariar a brioflora da Serra em seus diferentes ecossistemas e testar a hipótese de que para cada ecossistema corresponde determinada diversidade específica de musgos. Foram identificadas 87 espécies, 3 variedades e 20 famílias. Para cada espécie, estão incluídos dados do material examinado e comentários sobre as principais características morfológicas. As espécies Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt., Pilosium chlorophyllum (Hornsch.) Müll. Hal., Calicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Ångstr. e Campylopus savannarum (Müll. Hal.) Mitt. destacaram-se pela abundância, sendo as 3 primeiras encontradas em todos os ecossistemas estudados. Quatorze espécies foram consideradas raras, por terem sido coletadas uma única vez. Das espécies relacionadas, Leucomium steerei B.H. Allen & Veling e Fissidens weirii var. hemicraspedophyllus Mitt. são novas ocorrências para a Amazônia Brasileira e estado do Pará, enquanto Lepidopilum polytrichoides (Hedw.) Brid. e Groutiella tumidula (Mitt.) Vitt apenas para este último. A diversidade específica da Serra dos Carajás, comparada às de outras localidades, foi considerada alta
Aspectos florísticos e taxonômicos dos musgos do município de Barcarena, Pará
Authors: Souza Adriana Paula Da Silva , Lisboa Regina Célia Lobato 
Published: February 2022

O município de Barcarena, Pará fica localizado a 30 km da cidade de Belém, com área total de 1.316,2 km2, sendoem grande parte limitada pela baía do Marajó. Foram encontrados 43 táxons de musgos, pertencentes a 13 famílias. Estão incluídos dados sobre o basiônimo, localidade-tipo, distribuição geográfica no Brasil, habitat e comentários sobre a morfologia das espécies, além das citações sobre descrições e ilustrações já existentes em literatura. Isopterygium acutifolium Ireland é referida pela primeira vez para o estado do Pará e encontra-se ilustrada.
Considerações ecológicas sobre o zooplâncton do lago Bolonha, Belém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: De Melo Nuno Filipe Alves Correia , Paiva Rosildo Santos , Da Silva Mauro Márcio Tavares 
Published: February 2022

As populações zooplanctônicas do lago Bolonha foram amostradas em três estações de coleta no mês de setembro de 1993. O objetivo foi determinar as características básicas das populações, como a composição e a densidade de espécies, além dos parâmetros ambientais. Cinqüenta e seis espécies foram determinadas, trinta delas foram de Rotifera, dezenove de Cladocera e sete de Copepoda. Entre os Rotifera, os organismos mais freqüentes foram o Brachionus zahniseri gessneri, Polyarthra vulgaris e Tricocerca similis, enquanto que entre os Cladocera, Bosminopsis deitersi e Bosmina hagmanni foram os mais importantes em termos de densidade. Para os Copepoda, os náuplios e copepoditos foram os que apresentaram as maiores densidades, mas Oithona amazonica e Notodiaptomus amazonicus merecem ser registrados por também terem apresentado um grande número de indivíduos. O lago Bolonha apresentou-se com uma grande diversidade de organismos zooplanctônicos, precisando, entretanto, de estudos mais intensivos, pois esses números, em termos de biodiversidade, deve aumentar consideravelmente.
Arquitetura foliar de espécies de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae), da restinga de Algodoal, Maiandeua, Pará
Authors: Alvarez Adalgisa Da Silva , Potiguara Raimunda Conceição De Vilhena , Santos João Ubiratan Moreira dos 
Published: February 2022

Foi realizado o estudo da venação foliar de seis espécies de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae), da restinga de Algodoal, Maiandeua, estado do Pará. A análise das espécies mostra que todas apresentaram venação broquidródomo não sendo possível separá-las por este caráter, pois não houve diferença no padrão de venação, contudo, foram encontrados alguns caracteres anatômicos diferenciais que levaram à construção de uma chave analítica para auxiliar na identificação das espécies.