bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric block copolymer membrane fabrication mechanism through self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) process
Authors: Hamta Afshin , Ashtiani Farzin Zokaee , Karimi Mohammad , Moayedfard Sareh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the concept of the functional mechanism of copolymer membrane formation is explained and analyzed from the theoretical and experimental points of view. To understand the phase inversion process and control the final membrane morphology, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) membrane morphology through the self-assembly phenomena is investigated. Since the analysis of the membrane morphology requires the study of both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, the effect of different membrane formation conditions is investigated experimentally; In order to perceive the formation mechanism of the extraordinary structure membrane, a thermodynamic hypothesis is also developed based on the hydrophilic coil migration to the membrane surface. This hypothesis is analyzed according to Hansen Solubility Parameters and proved using EDX, SAXS, and contact angle analysis of SAN25. Moreover, the SAN30 membrane is fabricated under different operating conditions to evaluate the possibility of morphological prediction based on the developed hypothesis.
Controlling polarization direction in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 films through Nb (n-type) and Fe (p-type) doping
Authors: Chirila Cristina Florentina , Stancu Viorica , Boni Georgia Andra , Pasuk Iuliana , Trupina Lucian , Filip Lucian Dragos , Radu Cristian , Pintilie Ioana , Pintilie Lucian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFe (acceptor) and Nb (donor) doped epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(PZT) films were grown on single crystal SrTiO3substrates and their electric properties were compared to those of un-doped PZT layers deposited in similar conditions. All the films were grown from targets produced from high purity precursor oxides and the doping was in the limit of 1% atomic in both cases. The remnant polarization, the coercive field and the potential barriers at electrode interfaces are different, with lowest values for Fe doping and highest values for Nb doping, with un-doped PZT in between. The dielectric constant is larger in the doped films, while the effective density of charge carriers is of the same order of magnitude. An interesting result was obtained from piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) investigations. It was found that the as-grown Nb-doped PZT has polarization orientated upward, while the Fe-doped PZT has polarization oriented mostly downward. This difference is explained by the change in the conduction type, thus in the sign of the carriers involved in the compensation of the depolarization field during the growth. In the Nb-doped film the majority carriers are electrons, which tend to accumulate to the growing surface, leaving positively charged ions at the interface with the bottom SrRuO3electrode, thus favouring an upward orientation of polarization. For Fe-doped film the dominant carriers are holes, thus the sign of charges is opposite at the growing surface and the bottom electrode interface, favouring downward orientation of polarization. These findings open the way to obtain p-n ferroelectric homojunctions and suggest that PFM can be used to identify the type of conduction in PZT upon the dominant direction of polarization in the as-grown films.
Iron chelation increases beige fat differentiation and metabolic activity, preventing and treating obesity
Authors: Nazari Mojgan , Ho Kenneth W. , Langley Natasha , Cha Kuan M. , Kodsi Raymond , Wang Mawson , Laybutt D. Ross , Cheng Kim , Stokes Rebecca A. , Swarbrick Michael M. , Gunton Jenny E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeige and brown fat consume glucose and lipids to produce heat, using uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). It is thought that full activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may increase total daily energy expenditure by 20%. Humans normally have more beige and potentially beige-able fat than brown fat. Strategies to increase beige fat differentiation and activation may be useful for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Mice were fed chow or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without the iron chelator deferasirox. Animals fed HFD + deferasirox were markedly lighter than their HFD controls with increased energy expenditure (12% increase over 24 h, p < 0.001). Inguinal fat from HFD + deferasirox mice showed increased beige fat quantity with greater Ucp1 and Prdm16 expression. Inguinal adipose tissue explants were studied in a Seahorse bioanalyser and energy expenditure was significantly increased. Deferasirox was also effective in established obesity and in ob/ob mice, indicating that intact leptin signalling is not needed for efficacy. These studies identify iron chelation as a strategy to preferentially activate beige fat. Whether activating brown/beige fat is effective in humans is unproven. However, depleting iron to low-normal levels is a potential therapeutic strategy to improve obesity and related metabolic disorders, and human studies may be warranted.
Non-invasive laparoscopic detection of small tumors of the digestive tract using inductive sensors of proximity
Authors: Calborean Adrian , Macavei Sergiu , Mocan Mihaela , Ciuce Catalin , Bintintan Adriana , Cordos Adrian , Pestean Cosmin , Chira Romeo , Zarbo Liviu , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian , Dindelegan George , Nickel Felix , Mocan Bogdan , Surlin Valeriu , Bintintan Vasile 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe precise location of gastric and colorectal tumors is of paramount importance for the oncological surgeon as it dictates the limits of resection and the extent of lymphadenectomy. However, this task proves sometimes to be very challenging, especially in the laparoscopic setting when the tumors are small, have a soft texture, and do not invade the serosa. In this view, our research team has developed a new instrument adapted to minimally-invasive surgery, and manipulated solely by the operating surgeon which has the potential to locate precisely tumors of the digestive tract. It consists of an inductive proximity sensor and an electronic block encapsulated into an autoclavable stainless-steel cage that works in tandem with an endoscopic hemostatic clip whose structure was modified to increase detectability. By scanning the serosal side of the colon or stomach, the instrument is capable to accurately pinpoint the location of the clip placed previously during diagnostic endoscopy on the normal bowel mucosa, adjacent to the tumor. In the current in-vivo experiments performed on large animals, the modified clips were transported without difficulties to the point of interest and attached to the mucosa of the bowel. Using a laparoscopic approach, the detection rate of this system reached 65% when the sensor scanned the bowel at a speed of 0.3 cm/s, and applying slight pressure on the serosa. This value increased to 95% when the sensor was guided directly on the point of clip attachment. The detection rate dropped sharply when the scanning speed exceeded 1 cm/s and when the sensor-clip distance exceeded the cut-off value of 3 mm. In conclusion, the proposed detection system demonstrated its potential to offer a swift and convenient solution for the digestive laparoscopic surgeons, however its detection range still needs to be improved to render it useful for the clinical setting.
An automated COVID-19 triage pipeline using artificial intelligence based on chest radiographs and clinical data
Authors: Kim Chris K. , Choi Ji Whae , Jiao Zhicheng , Wang Dongcui , Wu Jing , Yi Thomas Y. , Halsey Kasey C. , Eweje Feyisope , Tran Thi My Linh , Liu Chang , Wang Robin , Sollee John , Hsieh Celina , Chang Ken , Yang Fang-Xue , Singh Ritambhara , Ou Jie-Lin , Huang Raymond Y. , Feng Cai , Feldman Michael D. , Liu Tao , Gong Ji Sheng , Lu Shaolei , Eickhoff Carsten , Feng Xue , Kamel Ihab , Sebro Ronnie , Atalay Michael K. , Healey Terrance , Fan Yong , Liao Wei-Hua , Wang Jianxin , Bai Harrison X. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis artificial intelligence models exist, very few can be implemented for practical use given their high risk of bias. We aimed to develop a diagnosis model that addresses notable shortcomings of prior studies, integrating it into a fully automated triage pipeline that examines chest radiographs for the presence, severity, and progression of COVID-19 pneumonia. Scans were collected using the DICOM Image Analysis and Archive, a system that communicates with a hospital’s image repository. The authors collected over 6,500 non-public chest X-rays comprising diverse COVID-19 severities, along with radiology reports and RT-PCR data. The authors provisioned one internally held-out and two external test sets to assess model generalizability and compare performance to traditional radiologist interpretation. The pipeline was evaluated on a prospective cohort of 80 radiographs, reporting a 95% diagnostic accuracy. The study mitigates bias in AI model development and demonstrates the value of an end-to-end COVID-19 triage platform.
Canonical neural networks perform active inference
Authors: Isomura Takuya , Shimazaki Hideaki , Friston Karl J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work considers a class of canonical neural networks comprising rate coding models, wherein neural activity and plasticity minimise a common cost function—and plasticity is modulated with a certain delay. We show that such neural networks implicitly perform active inference and learning to minimise the risk associated with future outcomes. Mathematical analyses demonstrate that this biological optimisation can be cast as maximisation of model evidence, or equivalently minimisation of variational free energy, under the well-known form of a partially observed Markov decision process model. This equivalence indicates that the delayed modulation of Hebbian plasticity—accompanied with adaptation of firing thresholds—is a sufficient neuronal substrate to attain Bayes optimal inference and control. We corroborated this proposition using numerical analyses of maze tasks. This theory offers a universal characterisation of canonical neural networks in terms of Bayesian belief updating and provides insight into the neuronal mechanisms underlying planning and adaptive behavioural control.
Enhancement of diatom growth and phytoplankton productivity with reduced O2 availability is moderated by rising CO2
Authors: Sun Jia-Zhen , Wang Tifeng , Huang Ruiping , Yi Xiangqi , Zhang Di , Beardall John , Hutchins David A. , Liu Xin , Wang Xuyang , Deng Zichao , Li Gang , Gao Guang , Gao Kunshan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany marine organisms are exposed to decreasing O2 levels due to warming-induced expansion of hypoxic zones and ocean deoxygenation (DeO2). Nevertheless, effects of DeO2 on phytoplankton have been neglected due to technical bottlenecks on examining O2 effects on O2-producing organisms. Here we show that lowered O2 levels increased primary productivity of a coastal phytoplankton assemblage, and enhanced photosynthesis and growth in the coastal diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Mechanistically, reduced O2 suppressed mitochondrial respiration and photorespiration of T. weissflogii, but increased the efficiency of their CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), effective quantum yield and improved light use efficiency, which was apparent under both ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations leading to ocean acidification (OA). While the elevated CO2 treatment partially counteracted the effect of low O2 in terms of CCMs activity, reduced levels of O2 still strongly enhanced phytoplankton primary productivity. This implies that decreased availability of O2 with progressive DeO2 could boost re-oxygenation by diatom-dominated phytoplankton communities, especially in hypoxic areas, with potentially profound consequences for marine ecosystem services in coastal and pelagic oceans.
J-PLUS: Stellar parameters, C, N, Mg, Ca, and [α/Fe] abundances for two million stars from DR1
Authors: Yang Lin , Yuan Haibo , Xiang Maosheng , Duan Fuqing , Huang Yang , Liu Jifeng , Beers Timothy C. , Galarza Carlos Andrés , Daflon Simone , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan Antonio , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Moles Mariano , Varela Jesús , Ramió Héctor Vázquez , Alcaniz Jailson , Dupke Renato , Ederoclite Alessandro , Sodré Laerte , Angulo Raul E. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) has obtained precise photometry in 12 specially designed filters for large numbers of Galactic stars. Deriving their precise stellar atmospheric parameters and individual elemental abundances is crucial for studies of Galactic structure and the assembly history and chemical evolution of our Galaxy.
Aims. Our goal is to estimate not only stellar parameters (effective temperature, Teff, surface gravity, log g, and metallicity, [Fe/H]), but also [α/Fe] and four elemental abundances ([C/Fe], [N/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Ca/Fe]) using data from the first data release (DR1) of J-PLUS.
Methods. By combining recalibrated photometric data from J-PLUS DR1, Gaia DR2, and spectroscopic labels from the Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, we designed and trained a set of cost-sensitive neural networks, the CSNet, to learn the nonlinear mapping from stellar colours to their labels. Special attention was paid to the poorly populated regions of the label space by giving different weights according to their density distribution.
Results. We achieved precisions of δ Teff ∼ 55 K, δlog g ∼ 0.15 dex, and δ [Fe/H] ∼ 0.07 dex, respectively, over a wide range of temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities. The uncertainties of the abundance estimates for [α/Fe] and the four individual elements are in the 0.04–0.08 dex range. We compare our parameter and abundance estimates with those from other spectroscopic catalogs such as the Apache Point Observatory for Galactic Evolution Experiment and the Galactic Archaeology with High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph and find an overall good agreement.
Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the potential of well-designed, high-quality photometric data for determinations of stellar parameters as well as individual elemental abundances. Applying the method to J-PLUS DR1, we obtained the aforementioned parameters for about two million stars, providing an outstanding dataset for chemo-dynamic analyses of the Milky Way. The catalog of the estimated parameters is publicly accessible.
V456 Cyg: An eclipsing binary with tidally perturbed g-mode pulsations
Authors: Van Reeth T. , Southworth J. , Van Beeck J. , Bowman D. M. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Many well-known bright stars have been observed by the ongoing transiting exoplanet survey satellite (TESS) space mission. For several of them, these new data reveal previously unobserved variability, such as tidally perturbed pulsations in close binary stars.
Aims. Using newly detected gravity-mode (g-mode) pulsations in V456 Cyg, we aim to determine the global stellar properties of this short-period eclipsing binary and evaluate the interaction between these pulsations and the tides.
Methods. We model the binary orbit and determine the physical properties of the component stars using the TESS photometry and published spectroscopy. We then measure the pulsation frequencies from the residuals of the light curve fit using iterative prewhitening, and analyse them to determine the global asteroseismic stellar parameters. We evaluate the pulsation parameters as a function of the orbital phase.
Results. We find that the pulsations belong to the secondary component of V456 Cyg and that this star likely has a uniform radial rotation profile, synchronous (νrot = 1.113 (14) d−1) with the binary orbit (νorb = 1.122091 (8) d−1). The observed g modes are amplified by almost a factor three in the stellar hemisphere facing the primary. We present evidence that this is caused by tidal perturbation of the pulsations, with the mode coupling being strongly affected.
Conclusions. V456 Cyg is only the second object for which tidally perturbed high-order g-mode pulsations are identified, after π5 Ori. This opens up new opportunities for tidal g-mode asteroseismology, as it demonstrates another avenue in which g modes and tides can interact with each other.
Is underwater endoscopic mucosal resection of colon polyps superior to conventional techniques? A network analysis of endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection
Authors: Chong Choon Seng , Muthiah Mark D. , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Ng Cheng Han , Lim Xiong Chang , Lim Wen Hui , Yuen Linus Zhen Han , Koh Jin Hean , Nistala Kameswara Rishi Yeshayahu , Ho Khek-Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Evidence from recent trials comparing conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to underwater EMR (UEMR) have matured. However, studies comparing UEMR to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are lacking. Hence, we sought to conduct a comprehensive network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of UEMR, ESD, and EMR.
Methods Embase and Medline databases were searched from inception to December 2020 for articles comparing UEMR with EMR and ESD. Outcomes of interest included rates of en bloc and complete polyp resection, risk of perforation and bleeding, and local recurrence. A network meta-analysis comparing all three approaches was conducted. In addition, a conventional comparative meta-analysis comparing UEMR to EMR was performed. Analysis was stratified according to polyp sizes (< 10 mm, ≥ 10 mm, and ≥ 20 mm).
Results Twenty-two articles were included in this study. For polyps ≥ 10 mm, UEMR was inferior to ESD in achieving en bloc resection (P = 0.02). However, UEMR had shorter operating time for polyps ≥ 10 mm (P < 0.001), and ≥20 mm (P = 0.019) with reduced perforation risk for polyps ≥ 10 mm (P = 0.05) compared to ESD. In addition, en bloc resection rates were similar between UEMR and EMR, although UEMR had reduced recurrence for polyps ≥ 10 mm (P = 0.013) and ≥ 20 mm (P = 0.014). UEMR also had shorter mean operating than EMR for polyps ≥ 10 mm (P < 0.001) and ≥ 20 mm (P < 0.001). Risk of bleeding and perforation with UEMR and EMR were similar for polyp of all sizes.
Conclusions UEMR has demonstrated technical and oncological outcomes comparable to ESD and EMR, along with a desirable safety profile. UEMR appears to be a safe and effective alternative to conventional methods for resection of polyps ≥ 10 mm.
Performance enhancement of graphene/Ge near-infrared photodetector by modulating the doping level of graphene
Authors: Kwon Min Gyu , Kim Cihyun , Chang Kyoung Eun , Yoo Tae Jin , Kim So-Young , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Lee Sanghan , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we improved the performance of a near-infrared graphene/germanium heterojunction photodetector at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. We applied graphene with p-type chemical doping (doping chemical: polyacrylic acid) to lower the graphene Fermi level and increase the Schottky barrier formed at the junction with Ge. The responsivity at 1550 nm is improved from 0.87 to 1.27 A/W after the doping process. At the same time, the dark current is reduced by 20 times and the detectivity of the optimized device is improved to 9.6 × 109 Jones, which is 540% improvement compared to the undoped graphene device. With the result of improving performance through this simple process, it will be able to contribute to the fabrication of highly reactive graphene/semiconductor based photodetectors and the development of near-infrared sensors.
Robust ferromagnetic insulating and large exchange bias in LaMnO3:CoO composite thin films
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Tao Ya-Jun , Jiao Pei-Jie , Wang Jian , Zhang Ji , Luo Zhen-Lin , Gu Zheng-Bin , Zhou Jian , Chen Y B , Zhang Shan-Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) have received widespread attention for applications in novel low power consumption spintronic devices. Further optimizing robust ferromagnetic insulation and developing a multifunctional FMI by integrating other magnetic properties can not only ease or pave the way for actual application but also provide an additional degree of freedom for device design. In this work, by introducing antiferromagnetic CoO into the FMI LaMnO3, we constructed (1 − x)LaMnO3:xCoO composite thin films. The films simultaneously show robust FMI characteristics and a large exchange bias (EB). For the x = 0.5 sample, the resistivity is 120 Ω cm at 250 K, the magnetization is 100 emu cm−3, and the EB field is −2200 Oe at 10 K. In particular, the blocking temperature is up to 140 K. Synchrotron radiation x-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the coexistence of Mn3+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Co3+, arising from interfacial charge transfer and space charge/defect trapping, which should be responsible for the enhanced and integrated multifunctional magnetic properties.
Quantify pixel-level detection of dam surface crack using deep learning
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhang Hua , Li Yonglong , Wang Shuang , Zhou Huaifang , Lin Haitao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An increasing number of detection methods based on computer vision are applied to detect cracks in water conservancy infrastructure. However, most studies directly use existing feature extraction networks to extract crack information, which are proposed for open-source datasets. As the crack distribution and pixel features are different from these data, the extracted crack information is incomplete. In this paper, a deep learning-based network for dam surface crack detection is proposed, which mainly addresses the semantic segmentation of cracks on the dam surface. Particularly, we design a shallow encoding network to extract features of crack images based on the statistical analysis of cracks. Further, to enhance the relevance of contextual information, we introduce an attention module into the decoding network. During the training, we use the sum of cross-entropy and Dice loss as the loss function to overcome data imbalance. The quantitative crack information is extracted by the imaging principle after using morphological algorithms to extract the morphological features of the predicted result. We built a manual annotation dataset containing 1577 images to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This method achieves state-of-the-art performance on our dataset. Specifically, the precision, recall, Intersection of Union (IoU), F1_measure, and accuracy are 90.81%, 81.54%, 75.23%, 85.93%, 99.76%, respectively, and the quantification error of cracks is less than 4%.
Non-invasive intelligent monitoring system for fault detection in induction motor based on lead-free-piezoelectric sensor using ANN
Authors: Gana Massine , Achour Hakim , Belaid Kamel , Chelli Zakia , Laghrouche Mourad , Chaouchi Ahcène 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a design of a low-cost integrated system for the preventive detection of unbalance faults in an induction motor. In this regard, two non-invasive measurements were collected then monitored in real time and transmitted via an ESP32 board. A new, flexible, lead-free piezoelectric sensor, developed previously in our laboratory, was used for vibration analysis (VA). An infrared thermopile was used for non-contact temperature measurement. The data is transmitted via Wi-Fi to a monitoring station that intervenes to detect an anomaly. The diagnosis of the motor condition is realized using an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm implemented on the microcontroller. Additionally, a Kalman filter is employed to predict the vibrations while eliminating the noise. The combination of VA, thermal signature analysis and ANN provides a better diagnosis and provides efficiency, accuracy, easy access to data and remote control, which significantly reduces human intervention.