bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slip Characteristics in Cylindrical Roller Bearings—Part II: Influence of Cage Type on Rolling Element Slip
Authors: Dawoud Michael , Beitler Stephan , Schwarze Hubert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rolling element slip of an NU215 cylindrical roller bearing fitted with four cage types was studied under various operating conditions. In comparison, a specially designed full complement bearing with the same principal dimensions was also tested as an alternative. Unlike the load zone width, the acceleration zone width was found to be independent of the applied radial force, and when the dynamic force was introduced, the load zone slip was increased. For the full complement bearing, the rollers were found to stall completely in the unloaded zone resulting in a 100% roller slip at the beginning of the acceleration zone. This behavior was also confirmed by using a high-speed camera. For the tested cages, the roller-guidance under a vertically radial force pointing downwards resulted in a secondary load zone where the weight of the cage forces the rollers to contact the rotating inner ring once more leading to decreased overall slip values compared to outer ring guidance while the polyamide introduces higher cage/roller interactions leading to higher load zone slip as well as a wider load zone.
Distribution of Residual Stress in Wire-Arc Additively Manufactured Small-Scale Component: Single- Versus Multi-Level Heat Input
Authors: Srivastava Shekhar , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Sachdeva Anish , Sharma Vishal S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accumulated heat input during layer deposition causes high residual stress in the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) components. The developed residual stress results in defects like distortion, delamination, cracks, and low fatigue life. To deal with such engineering problems, numerical methods have always been required. It gives an insight into the system that can be used for real-world applications. Consequently, a sequentially coupled finite element model has been developed to simulate the thermal–structural behavior of the feedstock during and after deposition in the WAAM process. Precisely, a novel multi-level layer-wise heat input approach characterized by four different stages is compared with the layer-wise single heat input strategy. The variation of thermal and residual stress distributions has been studied based on the different cases proposed related to layer-wise multi-level heat loading. A good agreement between predicted and experimentally observed temperature and residual stress values has been observed. The developed framework predicted thermal distribution with an average error of 9.71%, 9.13%, 7.57%, and 4.52% for case #1, case #2, case #3, and case #4, respectively. In addition to that, longitudinal stresses in the modeled component recorded a reduction of 17.94% for four-level heat input (case #4) compared to the respective value observed in case #1. Therefore, a multi-level heat input strategy is recommended over a single-level heat input approach for the components with small deposition lengths manufactured through the WAAM process.
Comparing Gradient-Free and Gradient-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Methodologies on the VKI-LS89 Turbine Vane Test Case
Authors: Hottois Romain , Châtel Arnaud , Coussement Gregory , Debruyn Tom , Verstraete Tom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present paper addresses the multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization of the two-dimensional LS-89 turbine cascade. The objective is to minimize the entropy generation at subsonic and transonic flow conditions while maintaining the same flow turning. Nineteen design variables are used to parametrize the geometry. The optimization problem is used to compare two major classes of optimization algorithms and at the same time deduce if this problem has multiple local solutions or one global optimum. A first optimization strategy uses a gradient-based Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm. This SQP algorithm allows to directly handle the non-linear constraints during the optimization process. An adjoint solver is used for computing the sensitivities of the flow quantities with respect to the design variables, such that the additional gradient computational cost is nearly independent of the number of design variables. In addition, the same optimization problem is performed with a gradient-free-metamodel assisted-evolutionary algorithm. A comparison of the two Pareto-fronts obtained with both methods shows that the gradient-based approach allows to find the same optimum at a reduced computational cost. Moreover, the results suggest that the considered optimization problem is uni-modal. In other terms, it is characterized by a single optimal solution.
Application of Adjoint-Enhanced First Order Second Moment Method for Robust Design Optimization of a High Pressure Compressor Rotor
Authors: Dittmann Max , Schmidt Robin , Meyer Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper applies the computationally advantageous combination of a differential analysis technique and the adjoint method in the context of uncertainty quantification to the gradient-based robust design optimization of aerofoils. First, the accuracy and feasibility of the method is evaluated using an analytical test function. The method is subsequently applied to the robust design optimization of a rotor blade under geometric uncertainty, that is based on a parametrized population of optically 3D scanned blades. A significant improvement of the robustness w.r.t. the isentropic efficiency of the rotor is reported.
Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Debras Charlotte , Chazelas Eloi , Sellem Laury , Porcher Raphaël , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Esseddik Younes , de Edelenyi Fabien Szabo , Agaësse Cédric , De Sa Alexandre , Lutchia Rebecca , Fezeu Léopold K , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Allès Benjamin , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Deschasaux-Tanguy Mélanie , Huybrechts Inge , Srour Bernard , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo study the associations between artificial sweeteners from all dietary sources (beverages, but also table top sweeteners, dairy products, etc), overall and by molecule (aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose), and risk of cardiovascular diseases (overall, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease).DesignPopulation based prospective cohort study (2009-21).SettingFrance, primary prevention research.Participants103 388 participants of the web based NutriNet-Santé cohort (mean age 42.2±14.4, 79.8% female, 904 206 person years). Dietary intakes and consumption of artificial sweeteners were assessed by repeated 24 h dietary records, including brand names of industrial products.Main outcomes measuresAssociations between sweeteners (coded as a continuous variable, log10 transformed) and cardiovascular disease risk, assessed by multivariable adjusted Cox hazard models.ResultsTotal artificial sweetener intake was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (1502 events, hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.18, P=0.03); absolute incidence rate in higher consumers (above the sex specific median) and non-consumers was 346 and 314 per 100 000 person years, respectively. Artificial sweeteners were more particularly associated with cerebrovascular disease risk (777 events, 1.18, 1.06 to 1.31, P=0.002; incidence rates 195 and 150 per 100 000 person years in higher and non-consumers, respectively). Aspartame intake was associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular events (1.17, 1.03 to 1.33, P=0.02; incidence rates 186 and 151 per 100 000 person years in higher and non-consumers, respectively), and acesulfame potassium and sucralose were associated with increased coronary heart disease risk (730 events; acesulfame potassium: 1.40, 1.06 to 1.84, P=0.02; incidence rates 167 and 164; sucralose: 1.31, 1.00 to 1.71, P=0.05; incidence rates 271 and 161).ConclusionsThe findings from this large scale prospective cohort study suggest a potential direct association between higher artificial sweetener consumption (especially aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Artificial sweeteners are present in thousands of food and beverage brands worldwide, however they remain a controversial topic and are currently being re-evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority, the World Health Organization, and other health agencies.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03335644
Development and training of a machine learning algorithm to identify patients at risk for recurrence following an arthroscopic Bankart repair (CLEARER): protocol for a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study
Authors: van Spanning Sanne H , Verweij Lukas P E , Allaart Laurens J H , Hendrickx Laurent A M , Doornberg Job N , Athwal George S , Lafosse Thibault , Lafosse Laurent , van den Bekerom Michel P J , Buijze Geert Alexander 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionShoulder instability is a common injury, with a reported incidence of 23.9 per 100 000 person-years. There is still an ongoing debate on the most effective treatment strategy. Non-operative treatment has recurrence rates of up to 60%, whereas operative treatments such as the Bankart repair and bone block procedures show lower recurrence rates (16% and 2%, respectively) but higher complication rates (<2% and up to 30%, respectively). Methods to determine risk of recurrence have been developed; however, patient-specific decision-making tools are still lacking. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms use self-learning complex models that can be used to make patient-specific decision-making tools. The aim of the current study is to develop and train a machine learning algorithm to create a prediction model to be used in clinical practice—as an online prediction tool—to estimate recurrence rates following a Bankart repair.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations that were treated with an arthroscopic Bankart repair without remplissage will be included. This study includes two parts. Part 1, collecting all potential factors influencing the recurrence rate following an arthroscopic Bankart repair in patients using multicentre data, aiming to include data from >1000 patients worldwide. Part 2, the multicentre data will be re-evaluated (and where applicable complemented) using machine learning algorithms to predict outcomes. Recurrence will be the primary outcome measure.Ethics and disseminationFor safe multicentre data exchange and analysis, our Machine Learning Consortium adhered to the WHO regulation ‘Policy on Use and Sharing of Data Collected by WHO in Member States Outside the Context of Public Health Emergencies’. The study results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. No Institutional Review Board is required for this study.
LiverMultiScan as an alternative to liver biopsy to monitor autoimmune hepatitis in the National Health Service in England: an economic evaluation
Authors: Bajre Mamta , Moawad Mina , Shumbayawonda Elizabeth , Carolan Jane Elizabeth , Hart Julie , Culver Emma , Heneghan Michael 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic progressive liver disease, managed with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants and monitored using a combination of liver biochemistry and histology. Liver biopsy (gold standard) is invasive, costly and has risk of complications. Non-invasive imaging using multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) can detect the presence and extent of hepatic fibroinflammation in a risk-free manner.ObjectiveTo conduct early economic modelling to assess the affordability of using mpMR as an alternative to liver biopsy.MethodsMedical test costs associated with following 100 patients over a 5-year time horizon were assessed from a National Health Service payor perspective using tariff costs and average biopsy-related adverse events costs. Sensitivity analyses modelling the cost consequences of increasing the frequency of mpMR monitoring within the fixed cost of liver biopsy were performed.ResultsPer 100 moderate/severe AIH patients receiving an annual mpMR scan (in place of biopsy), early economic modelling showed minimum cost savings of £232 333. Per 100 mild/moderate AIH patients receiving three mpMR scans over 5 years estimated minimum cost savings were £139 400. One-way sensitivity analyses showed increasing the frequency of mpMR scans from 5 to 10 over 5 years in moderate/severe AIH patients results in a cost saving of £121 926.20. In patients with mild/moderate AIH, an increase from 3 to 6 mpMR scans over 5 years could save £73 155.72. In a minimalistic approach, the use of 5 mpMR scans was still cost saving (£5770.48) if they were to replace two biopsies over the 5-year period for all patients with moderate/severe or mild/moderate AIH.ConclusionsIntegration of mpMR scans in AIH patient pathways leads to significant cost savings when liver biopsy frequency is either reduced or eliminated, in addition to improved patient experience and clinician acceptability as well as providing detailed phenotyping to improve patient outcomes.Trial registrationNCT03979053.
Post-acute COVID and long-COVID among adults and older adults in the State of Paraná, Brazil: protocol for an ambispective cohort study
Authors: Salci Maria Aparecida , Carreira Ligia , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Oliveira Magda Lúcia Félix de , de Oliveira Rosana Rosseto , Ichisato Sueli Mitsumi Tsukuda , Covre Eduardo Rocha , Pesce Giovanna Brichi , Santos Jéssica Adrielle Teixeira , Derhun Flávia Maria , Hungaro Anai Adario , Moura Débora , Höring Carla Franciele , Santos Márcia Lorena Alves dos , Oliveira Natan Nascimento de , Paiano Marcelle , Góes Herbert Leopoldo de Freitas , Jaques André Estevam , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSince 2020, the world has been going through a viral pandemic with a high morbidity and mortality rate along with the potential to evolve from an acute infection to post-acute and long-COVID, which is still in the process of elucidation. Diagnostic and prognostic research is essential to understand the complexity of factors and contexts involving the illness’s process. This protocol introduces a study strategy to analyse predictors, sequelae, and repercussions of COVID-19 in adults and older adults with different disease severities in the State of Paraná, Brazil.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. The quantitative data will be conducted by an ambispective cohort study, which will explore the manifestations of COVID-19 for 18 months, with nearly 3000 participants with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 (reverse transcription-PCR test) between March and December of 2020, retrieved from national disease reporting databases, over 18 years old, living in a Brazilian State (Paraná) and who survived the viral infection after being discharged from a health service. Data collection will be conducted through telephone interviews, at two different occasions: the first will be a recall 12 months after the acute phase as a retrospective follow-up, and the second will be another prospective interview, with data of the following 6 months. For the qualitative step, Grounded Theory will be used; participants will be selected from the cohort population. The first sample group will be composed of people who were discharged from the intensive care unit, and other sample groups will be composed according to theoretical saturation. The qualitative data will follow the temporal design and classification of the disease provided for in the cohort.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the State University of Maringá, under opinion number: 4 165 272 and CAAE: 34787020.0.0000.0104 on 21 July 2020, and Hospital do Trabalhador (Worker’s Hospital), which is accountable for the Health Department of the State of Paraná, under opinion number: 4 214 589 and CAAE: 34787020.0.3001.5225 on 15 August 2020. The participants will verbally consent to the research, their consent will be recorded, and the informed consent form will be sent by mail or email. Outcomes will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, media and reports to related authorities.
Effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing the prevalence ofOpisthorchis viverrini: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sota Pornphutthachat , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Andityas Morsid , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Sripa Banchob , Clements Archie C A 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe carcinogenic liver flukeOpisthorchis viverriniis a major public health problem in the Mekong basin region. The liver flukes can induce cholangiocarcinoma, a bile duct cancer that causes a significant burden of mortality and economic loss. Various public health interventions have been conducted to reduce opisthorchiasis but the prevalence ofO. viverriniremains high in endemic regions. The aim is to quantify the effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing the prevalence ofO. viverriniinfection.Methods and analysisSeven databases (including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Thai thesis database and TCI (Thai journals online)) will be searched from initiation through to 2022 to identify studies of interventions to reduce the prevalence ofO. viverriniinfection. The prevalence, incidence or number ofO. viverrini-infected people will be used as the source ofO. viverriniprevalence data. A conventional meta-analysis and a Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted to undertake direct and indirect comparisons of different interventions. Meta-regression will be used to determine the effect of each intervention. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Heterogeneity between studies will be determined by forest plots and I2and publication bias investigated with funnel plots and the Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required because this study will only use published data. The final report of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and will also be presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022323066.
Intraoperative visualisation of pancreatic leakage (ViP): study protocol for an IDEAL Stage I Post Market Clinical Study
Authors: Pausch Thomas M , Holze Magdalena , Gesslein Bodil , Rossion Inga , von Eisenhart Rothe Franziska , Wagner Martin , Sander Anja , Tenckhoff Solveig , Bartel Marc , Larmann Jan , Probst Pascal , Pianka Frank , Hackert Thilo , Klotz Rosa 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPancreatic resections are an important field of surgery worldwide to treat a variety of benign and malignant diseases. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a frequent and critical complication after partial pancreatectomy and affects up to 50% of patients. POPF increases mortality, prolongs the postoperative hospital stay and is associated with a significant economic burden. Despite various scientific approaches and clinical strategies, it has not yet been possible to develop an effective preventive tool. The SmartPAN indicator is the first surgery-ready medical device for direct visualisation of pancreatic leakage already during the operation. Applied to the surface of pancreatic tissue, it detects sites of biochemical leak via colour reaction, thereby guiding effective closure and potentially mitigating POPF development.Methods and analysisThe ViP trial is a prospective single-arm, single-centre first in human study to collect data on usability and confirm safety of SmartPAN. A total of 35 patients with planned partial pancreatectomy will be included in the trial with a follow-up of 30 days after the index surgery. Usability endpoints such as adherence to protocol and evaluation by the operating surgeon as well as safety parameters including major intraoperative and postoperative complications, especially POPF development, will be analysed.Ethics and disseminationFollowing the IDEAL-D (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long term study of Device development and surgical innovation) framework of medical device development preclinical in vitro, porcine in vivo, and human ex vivo studies have proven feasibility, efficacy and safety of SmartPAN. After market approval, the ViP trial is the IDEAL Stage I trial to investigate SmartPAN in a clinical setting. The study has been approved by the local ethics committee as the device is used exclusively within its intended purpose. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The study will provide a basis for a future randomised controlled interventional trial to confirm clinical efficacy of SmartPAN.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Register DRKS00027559, registered on 4 March 2022.
Application of the 2021 EAN/PNS criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A , Afzal Saadia , Loo Lay Khoon , Goedee HS 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe diagnostic value of new criteria of the European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of fulfilment of EAN/PNS 2021 criteria on 120 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of ‘suspected CIDP’ and objective treatment response, attending University Hospitals Birmingham, UK. Specificity was evaluated versus 100 consecutive controls.ResultsThe sensitivity of EAN/PNS criteria for ‘CIDP’ was 83.3%. The sensitivity for ‘CIDP’ or ‘possible CIDP’ was 93.3%. Specificity was of 94% for ‘CIDP’ and 79% for ‘CIDP’ or ‘possible CIDP’. No sensitivity/specificity differences were ascertained with previous versions (‘CIDP’: sensitivity: 83.3% vs 81.3%, p=0.74, specificity: 94% vs 96.1%, p=0.38, respectively; ‘CIDP’ or ‘possible CIDP’: sensitivity: 93.3% vs 96.7%, p=0.25 and specificity: 79% vs 69.2 %, p=0.09, respectively). F-wave prolongation, proximal and distal temporal dispersion were the most likely parameters to contribute to false positives, whereas distal motor latency was the least likely. No impact of sensory electrophysiology could be ascertained. ‘Typical CIDP’ represented 79% of the CIDP cohort. The largest component of the ‘variant CIDP’ group was represented by focal/multifocal forms (14%). With new criteria, 6.7% of the cohort did not meet requirements, among whom the majority (75%) had paranodopathy or chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP).DiscussionThe sensitivity and specificity of new EAN/PNS criteria for CIDP is equivalent to that of previous versions. The exclusion of paranodopathies and CISP from the CIDP spectrum impacts on management of a non-negligible proportion of treatment-responsive patients.