bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile construction of fully sp2-carbon conjugated two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks containing benzobisthiazole units
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Hao Wenbo , Liu Hui , Chen Renzeng , Pan Qingyan , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping a facile strategy for the construction of vinylene-linked fully π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) remains a huge challenge. Here, a versatile condition of Knoevenagel polycondensation for constructing vinylene-linked 2D COFs was explored. Three new examples of vinylene-linked 2D COFs (BTH-1, 2, 3) containing benzobisthiazoles units as functional groups were successfully prepared under this versatile and mild condition. The electron-deficient benzobisthiazole units and cyano-vinylene linkages were both integrated into the π conjugated COFs skeleton and acted as acceptor moieties. Interestingly, we found the construction of a highly ordered and conjugated D-A system is favorable for photocatalytic activity. BTH-3 with benzotrithiophene as the donor with a strong D-A effect exhibited an attractive photocatalytic HER of 15.1 mmol h−1g−1 under visible light irradiation.
Visualization and validation of twin nucleation and early-stage growth in magnesium
Authors: Jiang Lin , Gong Mingyu , Wang Jian , Pan Zhiliang , Wang Xin , Zhang Dalong , Wang Y. Morris , Ciston Jim , Minor Andrew M. , Xu Mingjie , Pan Xiaoqing , Rupert Timothy J. , Mahajan Subhash , Lavernia Enrique J. , Beyerlein Irene J. , Schoenung Julie M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe abrupt occurrence of twinning when Mg is deformed leads to a highly anisotropic response, making it too unreliable for structural use and too unpredictable for observation. Here, we describe an in-situ transmission electron microscopy experiment on Mg crystals with strategically designed geometries for visualization of a long-proposed but unverified twinning mechanism. Combining with atomistic simulations and topological analysis, we conclude that twin nucleation occurs through a pure-shuffle mechanism that requires prismatic-basal transformations. Also, we verified a crystal geometry dependent twin growth mechanism, that is the early-stage growth associated with instability of plasticity flow, which can be dominated either by slower movement of prismatic-basal boundary steps, or by faster glide-shuffle along the twinning plane. The fundamental understanding of twinning provides a pathway to understand deformation from a scientific standpoint and the microstructure design principles to engineer metals with enhanced behavior from a technological standpoint.
Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Renk Hanna , Dulovic Alex , Seidel Alina , Becker Matthias , Fabricius Dorit , Zernickel Maria , Junker Daniel , Groß Rüdiger , Müller Janis , Hilger Alexander , Bode Sebastian F. N. , Fritsch Linus , Frieh Pauline , Haddad Anneke , Görne Tessa , Remppis Jonathan , Ganzemueller Tina , Dietz Andrea , Huzly Daniela , Hengel Hartmut , Kaier Klaus , Weber Susanne , Jacobsen Eva-Maria , Kaiser Philipp D. , Traenkle Bjoern , Rothbauer Ulrich , Stich Maximilian , Tönshoff Burkhard , Hoffmann Georg F. , Müller Barbara , Ludwig Carolin , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Peter Andreas , Hörber Sebastian , Iftner Thomas , Münch Jan , Stamminger Thomas , Groß Hans-Jürgen , Wolkewitz Martin , Engel Corinna , Liu Weimin , Rizzi Marta , Hahn Beatrice H. , Henneke Philipp , Franz Axel R. , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Janda Ales , Elling Roland 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe quality and persistence of children’s humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3–4 months and 11–12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11–12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.
Systematic analysis of drug-associated myocarditis reported in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Nguyen Lee S. , Cooper Leslie T. , Kerneis Mathieu , Funck-Brentano Christian , Silvain Johanne , Brechot Nicolas , Hekimian Guillaume , Ammirati Enrico , Ben M’Barek Badr , Redheuil Alban , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Bihan Kevin , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Ederhy Stephane , Dolladille Charles , Moslehi Javid J. , Salem Joe-Elie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile multiple pharmacological drugs have been associated with myocarditis, temporal trends and overall mortality have not been reported. Here we report the spectrum and main features of 5108 reports of drug-induced myocarditis, in a worldwide pharmacovigilance analysis, comprising more than 21 million individual-case-safety reports from 1967 to 2020. Significant association between myocarditis and a suspected drug is assessed using disproportionality analyses, which use Bayesian information component estimates. Overall, we identify 62 drugs associated with myocarditis, 41 of which are categorized into 5 main pharmacological classes: antipsychotics (n = 3108 reports), salicylates (n = 340), antineoplastic-cytotoxics (n = 190), antineoplastic-immunotherapies (n = 538), and vaccines (n = 790). Thirty-eight (61.3%) drugs were not previously reported associated with myocarditis. Antipsychotic was the first (1979) and most reported class (n = 3018). In 2019, the two most reported classes were antipsychotics (54.7%) and immunotherapies (29.5%). Time-to-onset between treatment start and myocarditis is 15 [interquartile range: 10; 23] days. Subsequent mortality is 10.3% and differs between drug classes with immunotherapies the highest, 32.5% and salicylates the lowest, 2.6%. These elements highlight the diversity of presentations of myocarditis depending on drug class, and show the emerging role of antineoplastic drugs in the field of drug-induced myocarditis.
Linking post-translational modifications and protein turnover by site-resolved protein turnover profiling
Authors: Zecha Jana , Gabriel Wassim , Spallek Ria , Chang Yun-Chien , Mergner Julia , Wilhelm Mathias , Bassermann Florian , Kuster Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProteome-wide measurements of protein turnover have largely ignored the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs). To address this gap, we employ stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry to measure the turnover of >120,000 peptidoforms including >33,000 phosphorylated, acetylated, and ubiquitinated peptides for >9,000 native proteins. This site-resolved protein turnover (SPOT) profiling discloses global and site-specific differences in turnover associated with the presence or absence of PTMs. While causal relationships may not always be immediately apparent, we speculate that PTMs with diverging turnover may distinguish states of differential protein stability, structure, localization, enzymatic activity, or protein-protein interactions. We show examples of how the turnover data may give insights into unknown functions of PTMs and provide a freely accessible online tool that allows interrogation and visualisation of all turnover data. The SPOT methodology is applicable to many cell types and modifications, offering the potential to prioritize PTMs for future functional investigations.
Sea-ice retreat suggests re-organization of water mass transformation in the Nordic and Barents Seas
Authors: Moore G. W. K. , Våge K. , Renfrew I. A. , Pickart R. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater mass transformation in the Nordic and Barents Seas, triggered by air-sea heat fluxes, is an integral component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). These regions are undergoing rapid warming, associated with a retreat in ice cover. Here we present an analysis covering 1950−2020 of the spatiotemporal variability of the air-sea heat fluxes along the region’s boundary currents, where water mass transformation impacts are large. We find there is an increase in the air-sea heat fluxes along these currents that is a function of the currents’ orientation relative to the axis of sea-ice change suggesting enhanced water mass transformation is occurring. Previous work has shown a reduction in heat fluxes in the interior of the Nordic Seas. As a result, a reorganization seems to be underway in where water mass transformation occurs, that needs to be considered when ascertaining how the AMOC will respond to a warming climate.
An application-specific image processing array based on WSe2 transistors with electrically switchable logic functions
Authors: Zeng Senfeng , Liu Chunsen , Huang Xiaohe , Tang Zhaowu , Liu Liwei , Zhou Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence, parallel image processing is becoming an increasingly important ability of computing hardware. To meet the requirements of various image processing tasks, the basic pixel processing unit contains multiple functional logic gates and a multiplexer, which leads to notable circuit redundancy. The pixel processing unit retains a large optimizing space to solve the area redundancy issues in parallel computing. Here, we demonstrate a pixel processing unit based on a single WSe2 transistor that has multiple logic functions (AND and XNOR) that are electrically switchable. We further integrate these pixel processing units into a low transistor-consumption image processing array, where both image intersection and image comparison tasks can be performed. Owing to the same image processing power, the consumption of transistors in our image processing unit is less than 16% of traditional circuits.
Options for reforming agricultural subsidies from health, climate, and economic perspectives
Authors: Springmann M. , Freund F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgricultural subsidies are an important factor for influencing food production and therefore part of a food system that is seen as neither healthy nor sustainable. Here we analyse options for reforming agricultural subsidies in line with health and climate-change objectives on one side, and economic objectives on the other. Using an integrated modelling framework including economic, environmental, and health assessments, we find that on a global scale several reform options could lead to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and improvements in population health without reductions in economic welfare. Those include a repurposing of up to half of agricultural subsidies to support the production of foods with beneficial health and environmental characteristics, including fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural products, and combining such repurposing with a more equal distribution of subsidy payments globally. The findings suggest that reforming agricultural subsidy schemes based on health and climate-change objectives can be economically feasible and contribute to transitions towards healthy and sustainable food systems.
Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents
Authors: Koerber Nina , Priller Alina , Yazici Sarah , Bauer Tanja , Cheng Cho-Chin , Mijočević Hrvoje , Wintersteller Hannah , Jeske Samuel , Vogel Emanuel , Feuerherd Martin , Tinnefeld Kathrin , Winter Christof , Ruland Jürgen , Gerhard Markus , Haller Bernhard , Christa Catharina , Zelger Otto , Roggendorf Hedwig , Halle Martin , Erber Johanna , Lingor Paul , Keppler Oliver , Zehn Dietmar , Protzer Ulrike , Knolle Percy A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnti-viral immunity continuously declines over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we characterize the dynamics of anti-viral immunity during long-term follow-up and after BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination in convalescents after asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody titers rapidly declined in convalescents over 9 months after infection, whereas virus-specific cytokine-producing polyfunctional T cells persisted, among which IL-2-producing T cells correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody titers. Among convalescents, 5% of individuals failed to mount long-lasting immunity after infection and showed a delayed response to vaccination compared to 1% of naïve vaccinees, but successfully responded to prime/boost vaccination. During the follow-up period, 8% of convalescents showed a selective increase in virus-neutralizing antibody titers without accompanying increased frequencies of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. The same convalescents, however, responded to vaccination with simultaneous increase in antibody and T cell immunity revealing the strength of mRNA-vaccination to increase virus-specific immunity in convalescents.
Helical structure motifs made searchable for functional peptide design
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Yu , Salawu Emmanuel Oluwatobi , Li Hongchun , Lin Guan-Yu , Kuo Ting-Yu , Voon Liyin , Sharma Adarsh , Hu Kai-Di , Cheng Yi-Yun , Sahoo Sobha , Stuart Lutimba , Chen Chih-Wei , Chang Yuan-Yu , Lu Yu-Lin , Ke Simai , Ortiz Christopher Llynard D. , Fang Bai-Shan , Wu Chen-Chi , Lan Chung-Yu , Fu Hua-Wen , Yang Lee-Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe systematic design of functional peptides has technological and therapeutic applications. However, there is a need for pattern-based search engines that help locate desired functional motifs in primary sequences regardless of their evolutionary conservation. Existing databases such as The Protein Secondary Structure database (PSS) no longer serves the community, while the Dictionary of Protein Secondary Structure (DSSP) annotates the secondary structures when tertiary structures of proteins are provided. Here, we extract 1.7 million helices from the PDB and compile them into a database (Therapeutic Peptide Design database; TP-DB) that allows queries of compounded patterns to facilitate the identification of sequence motifs of helical structures. We show how TP-DB helps us identify a known purification-tag-specific antibody that can be repurposed into a diagnostic kit for Helicobacter pylori. We also show how the database can be used to design a new antimicrobial peptide that shows better Candida albicans clearance and lower hemolysis than its template homologs. Finally, we demonstrate how TP-DB can suggest point mutations in helical peptide blockers to prevent a targeted tumorigenic protein-protein interaction. TP-DB is made available at http://dyn.life.nthu.edu.tw/design/.
GPR182 limits antitumor immunity via chemokine scavenging in mouse melanoma models
Authors: Torphy Robert J. , Sun Yi , Lin Ronggui , Caffrey-Carr Alayna , Fujiwara Yuki , Ho Felix , Miller Emily N. , McCarter Martin D. , Lyons Traci R. , Schulick Richard D. , Kedl Ross M. , Zhu Yuwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor many solid tumors, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become first line treatment, yet a large proportion of patients with immunologically cold tumors do not benefit due to the paucity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Here we show that the orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor 182 (GPR182) contributes to immunotherapy resistance in cancer via scavenging chemokines that are important for lymphocyte recruitment to tumors. GPR182 is primarily upregulated in melanoma-associated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during tumorigenesis, and this atypical chemokine receptor endocytoses chemokines promiscuously. In GPR182-deficient mice, T cell infiltration into transplanted melanomas increases, leading to enhanced effector T cell function and improved antitumor immunity. Ablation of GPR182 leads to increased intratumoral concentrations of multiple chemokines and thereby sensitizes poorly immunogenic tumors to immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapies. CXCR3 blockade reverses the improved antitumor immunity and T cell infiltration characteristic of GPR182-deficient mice. Our study thus identifies GPR182 as an upstream regulator of the CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCR3 axis that limits antitumor immunity and as a potential therapeutic target in immunologically cold tumors.
Single-cell chromatin accessibility landscape in kidney identifies additional cell-of-origin in heterogenous papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Bolei , Fu Yao , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhang Jing , Zuo Ke , Xing Yuexian , Jiang Song , Qin Zhaohui , Li Erguang , Guo Hongqian , Liu Zhihong , Yang Jingping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPapillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the most heterogenous renal cell carcinoma. Patient survival varies and no effective therapies for advanced pRCC exist. Histological and molecular characterization studies have highlighted the heterogeneity of pRCC tumours. Recent studies identified the proximal tubule (PT) cell as a cell-of-origin for pRCC. However, it remains elusive whether other pRCC subtypes have different cell-of-origin. Here, by obtaining genome-wide chromatin accessibility profiles of normal human kidney cells using single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing and comparing the profiles with pRCC samples, we discover that besides PT cells, pRCC can also originate from kidney collecting duct principal cells. We show pRCCs with different cell-of-origin exhibit different molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors. Further, metabolic reprogramming appears to mediate the progression of pRCC to the advanced state. Here, our results suggest that determining cell-of-origin and monitoring origin-dependent metabolism could potentially be useful for early diagnosis and treatment of pRCC.
Regulation of the luminescence mechanism of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites
Authors: Zhang Tianju , Zhou Chaocheng , Feng Xuezhen , Dong Ningning , Chen Hong , Chen Xianfeng , Zhang Long , Lin Jia , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) Sn-based perovskites are a kind of non-toxic environment-friendly luminescent material. However, the research on the luminescence mechanism of this type of perovskite is still very controversial, which greatly limits the further improvement and application of the luminescence performance. At present, the focus of controversy is defects and phonon scattering rates. In this work, we combine the organic cation control engineering with temperature-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy to systematically study the interband exciton relaxation pathways in layered A2SnI4 (A = PEA+, BA+, HA+, and OA+) structures. It is revealed that exciton-phonon scattering and exciton-defect scattering have different effects on exciton relaxation. Our study further confirms that the deformation potential scattering by charged defects, not by the non-polar optical phonons, dominates the excitons interband relaxation, which is largely different from the Pb-based perovskites. These results enhance the understanding of the origin of the non-radiative pathway in Sn-based perovskite materials.
Functional dissection of inherited non-coding variation influencing multiple myeloma risk
Authors: Ajore Ram , Niroula Abhishek , Pertesi Maroulio , Cafaro Caterina , Thodberg Malte , Went Molly , Bao Erik L. , Duran-Lozano Laura , Lopez de Lapuente Portilla Aitzkoa , Olafsdottir Thorunn , Ugidos-Damboriena Nerea , Magnusson Olafur , Samur Mehmet , Lareau Caleb A. , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Försti Asta , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hemminki Kari , van Rhee Frits , Kimber Scott , Sperling Adam S. , Kaiser Martin , Anderson Kenneth , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Munshi Nikhil , Rafnar Thorunn , Waage Anders , Weinhold Niels , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sankaran Vijay G. , Stefansson Kari , Houlston Richard , Nilsson Björn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThousands of non-coding variants have been associated with increased risk of human diseases, yet the causal variants and their mechanisms-of-action remain obscure. In an integrative study combining massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA), expression analyses (eQTL, meQTL, PCHiC) and chromatin accessibility analyses in primary cells (caQTL), we investigate 1,039 variants associated with multiple myeloma (MM). We demonstrate that MM susceptibility is mediated by gene-regulatory changes in plasma cells and B-cells, and identify putative causal variants at six risk loci (SMARCD3, WAC, ELL2, CDCA7L, CEP120, and PREX1). Notably, three of these variants co-localize with significant plasma cell caQTLs, signaling the presence of causal activity at these precise genomic positions in an endogenous chromosomal context in vivo. Our results provide a systematic functional dissection of risk loci for a hematologic malignancy.
Gain-of-function genetic screening identifies the antiviral function of TMEM120A via STING activation
Authors: Li Shuo , Qian Nianchao , Jiang Chao , Zu Wenhong , Liang Anthony , Li Mamie , Elledge Stephen J. , Tan Xu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection can be associated with neurological pathologies, such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Effective therapeutics are currently not available. As such, a comprehensive understanding of virus-host interactions may guide the development of medications for ZIKV. Here we report a human genome-wide overexpression screen to identify host factors that regulate ZIKV infection and find TMEM120A as a ZIKV restriction factor. TMEM120A overexpression significantly inhibits ZIKV replication, while TMEM120A knockdown increases ZIKV infection in cell lines. Moreover, Tmem120a knockout in mice facilitates ZIKV infection in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells. Mechanistically, the antiviral activity of TMEM120A is dependent on STING, as TMEM120A interacts with STING, promotes the translocation of STING from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and enhances the phosphorylation of downstream TBK1 and IRF3, resulting in the expression of multiple antiviral cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes. In summary, our gain-of-function screening identifies TMEM120A as a key activator of the antiviral signaling of STING.