bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Carbon Concentration during Spring Season at High Altitude Urban Center in Eastern Himalayan Region of India
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Ranjan Rakesh Kumar , Lohar Sargam , Sharma Jayant , Rajak Rajeev , Gupta Aparna , Prakash Amit , Pandey Alok Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study analyzed the BC associated with PM1 and the contribution of biomass burning to the BC using a portable seven-channel Dual spot Aethalometer in and around Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, India, during April 2021. Additionally, CO2 and meteorological parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Relative Humidity) was measured. The minimum concentration of BC was found in rural areas where the contribution of biomass burning to the BC is highest. The observed spatial variability of BC over Gangtok Municipal Corporation (GMC) area is minimal. Five days back-trajectory analysis was done using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to understand the regional influences of air masses at Gangtok. The air mass of the studied region is under influence of trans-regional transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains affecting the BC concentration over the studied region. The black carbon presence in the ambient air near the glacier heights in the Eastern Himalayan region may significantly cause localized warming, thereby enhancing glacier melts. The results have significant bearing for the policy-makers to take corrective steps in addressing the issue of rising BC concentration in high altitude regions. A further detailed study is needed to examine the effect of BC on radiative forcing and its large-scale effect on the East Asian summer monsoon using regional climate models.
Oil Palm-Based Cropping Systems of the Humid Tropics: Addressing Production Sustainability, Resource Efficiency, Food Security and Livelihood Challenges
Authors: O. Agele Samuel , E. Charles Friday , E. Obi Appolonia , I. Agbona Ademola 
Published: March 2022

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq), is a crop of tremendous food, nutrition and economic importance in the tropics. Weather variability and extremes profoundly impact the establishment, survival and productivity of oil palm on the field. Alleys of palm trees in plantation are cropped with arables during early years following field establishment. Studies were conducted at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Nigeria. Oil palm seedlings responded to shading, irrigation and AMF inoculation via enhanced water use efficiency, growth vigor and reduced seedling mortality in the nursery during dry season. Age of oil palm and intercrops of Cassava, Maize and Pepper affected mixture productivity and competitive functions in alleys of 2 to 6 years old oil palm fields. Fertilizers (inorganic/organic) promoted agronomic and physiological efficiencies of N use by alley species. Sole crops had higher N use efficiency compared with the intercrops across the fertilizers.
Human Settlement Encroachment in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde Moruff Adelakun , Kilishi Halidu Shafiu , Olalekan Ibrahim Azeez , Boye Oyediran Olorunfemi 
Published: March 2022

Land encroachment is severely degrading and destroying many of Nigerian protected area as a result of high population pressure caused by high population growth and immigrations trends. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing human settlement encroachment in Kainji Lake National Park in order to established the extent to which this threat have been upheld and therefore call for park management to seek for proper approaches to deal with it. Data for this study were collected through the administration of questionnaire to the villages adjacent to Borgu sector of Kainji Lake National Park. Seven (7) randomly selected villages, namely Luma, Kuble, Audu Fari, Kali, Malale, Leshegbe and Gada Oli were surveyed. The result indicates gender of respondents where 65.09% of the responses were received from males while 34.91% from females suggesting that responses are the views from both gender parties who are mostly (33.96%) within the age range of 31–40 years and are predominantly farmer (43.42%). 88% of the respondents’ indicated that increased need of land for developments are the major causes of encroachment around the park while other human activities such as farming, deforestation and grazing of domesticated animals, by encroaching to protected areas have led into competition over natural resources. It is also established by 92% of the respondents agree that migration of people for livelihood support has led to increased competition between people and wildlife hence, this increase in population has consequently led to encroachment into the park as attested by a whopping 100% of the respondents. Kainji Lake National Park management need to do more in sensitizing the local communities on importance of wildlife conservation as most (54%) locals disagreed to awareness of conservation education and engages in intense vigilance against encroachment into the park land.
Cuatro más dos son seis: Máster Habilitante de la ETSAB_MArqEtsab_[M]
Authors: Obiol Cordon Cecilia , Berra-Sandín Mikel , Shiebeck Alonso Eduardo Robert , Valenzuela Rivero Javier 
Published: March 2022

El estudiante de arquitectura en España ha pasado de culminar sus estudios en el final de una carrera a introducirse a lo largo de un máster de un año en el desarrollo de unas habilidades, críticas y prácticas, que le habilitan para el ejercicio de la profesión. El inminente arquitecto recibe una formación generalista y a la vez embrionariamente especializada sustentada en un curso de síntesis y de formación integral que reclama mayor tiempo de decantación y también de intensificación. Para reforzar este espíritu, nos parece pertinente volver a mirar este espacio académico presentando estas tres propuestas de estudiantes de toda España del programa de mañanas del MArqETSAB correspondientes a sus tres líneas de Proyecto y Teoría, Proyecto y Tecnología y Urbanismo del curso 2019-2020. Tres apuntes que desde la centralidad del taller de proyectos comparten temas de reflexión desarrollados a través de trabajos de investigación, para construir un curso cuya variedad es una oportunidad, y cuyo contenido es integrado y abierto, como así sucede en la realidad del proyecto y de la profesión que no distinguen entre estos campos de conocimiento.
Architecture students in Spain have gone from completing their studies at the end of a career to entering a one-year master’s degree in developing critical and practical skills that enable them to practice the profession. The imminent architect receives a generalist and at the same time embryonic specialized training supported by a synthesis and comprehensive training course that requires longer settling time and also intensification. To reinforce this spirit, it seems relevant to us to look again at this academic space by presenting these three proposals from students from all over Spain of the MArqETSAB morning program corresponding to its three lines of Project and Theory, Project and Technology and Urban Planning for the 2019-2020 academic year. Three notes that from the centrality of the project workshop share themes of reflection developed through research work, to build a course whose variety is an opportunity, and whose content is integrated and open, as it happens in the reality of the project and of the profession that do not distinguish between these fields of knowledge.
Urinary Biomarkers Can Predict Weaning From Acute Dialysis Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Pan Heng-Chih , Huang Thomas Tao-Min , Huang Chun-Te , Sun Chiao-Yin , Chen Yung-Ming , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: March 2022

Context.—
Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) have a poor prognosis. Several urinary AKI biomarkers have been proposed to predict renal recovery, but with limited discriminatory ability.

Objective.—
To validate the predictive performances of novel biomarkers to identify which critical patients with AKI may successfully wean from RRT.

Design.—
We prospectively recorded and analyzed clinical variables at several time points: (1) before starting RRT, (2) at the time of weaning off RRT, and (3) 24 hours after stopping RRT. A total of 140 critically ill patients who received RRT at a multicenter referral hospital from August 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled. The outcomes of interest were the ability to wean from RRT and 90-day mortality.

Results.—
The 90-day mortality rate was 13.6% (19 of 140), and 47.9% (67 of 140) of the patients were successfully weaned from RRT. Cluster analysis showed that the following biomarkers were correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of weaning off RRT: urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule 1, hemojuvelin, C-C motif chemokine ligand 14, interleukin 18, and liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP). Among these, urinary L-FABP/creatinine (uL-FABP/Cr) at the time of weaning off RRT showed the best predictive performance for mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79). Taking mortality as a competing risk, Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that a low uL-FABP/Cr (log) level was an independent prognostic factor for weaning from RRT (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.35; P = .01).

Conclusions.—
uL-FABP/Cr at the time of weaning off RRT could predict weaning from RRT and 90-day mortality.
The Differential Equations of Gravity-free Double Pendulum: Lauricella Hypergeometric Solutions and Their Inversion
Authors: Bocci Alessio , Scarpello Giovanni Mingari 
Published: March 2022

This paper solves in closed form the system of ODEs ruling the 2D motion of a gravity free double pendulum (GFDP), not subjected to any force. In such a way its movement is governed by the initial conditions only. The relevant strongly non linear ODEs have been put back to hyperelliptic quadratures which, through the Integral Representation Theorem (IRT), are driven to the Lauricella hypergeometric functions.
We compute time laws and trajectories of both point masses forming the GFDP in explicit closed form. Suitable sample problems are carried out in order to prove the method effectiveness.
COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety Perception among Saudi Women
Authors: Alammar Welayah , Goja Arafat , Purayidathil Tunny , Khattab Rabie 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global public concern about food safety and hygiene. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among Saudi women.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study using self-administered online questionnaire.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between April 2021 and June 2021.
Methodology: Participants (426 Saudi adult females aged 18-60 years) were randomly recruited from the major cities of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, including Dammam, Khobar and Qatif.
Results: Higher knowledge and practice of food safety measures were associated with COVID-19 pandemic, where 90% of participants acquired more food safety knowledge during the pandemic. Only 25% of participants, however, thought that the disease can be transmitted by food. Furthermore, more than 90% and 64% of participants presented high attitude and practices in hand washing and food cleaning, respectively.
Conclusion: Despite the lack of solid evidence that supports the transmission of COVD-19 virus through the food, applying appropriate precautionary safety measures throughout food production and servicing chain can reduce the transmission of the virus.
AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA DA LARGURA DA BASE NASAL NA EXPANSÃO CIRÚRGICA DE MAXILA CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NASAL BASE WIDTH IN MAXILA SURGICAL EXPANSION
Authors: Toledo Italo Cordeiro de , Gasperini Giovanni , Rocha Sanyra Lopes Dias , Dultra Joaquim de Almeida , Queiroz Christiano Sampaio , Oliveira Uander de Castro 
Published: March 2022

O tratamento das deformidades dentofaciais é freqüentemente complicadopela existência de discrepâncias na dimensão transversal damaxila. A disjunção cirúrgica da maxila é uma técnica eficaz no tratamentodessas deformidades, entretanto, tem se observado um alargamentoda base alar após o procedimento cirúrgico. Objetivo: Avaliar aalteração da base nasal em pacientes submetidos à expansão cirúrgicade maxila, com e sem a realização da plicatura nasal. Metodologia:Foi proposto um estudo com 21 indivíduos com média de idade de 16a 36 anos, com deficiência transversal da maxila. Foram selecionadospacientes submetidos a disjunção cirúrgica de maxila operados peloserviço de CTBMF do Hospital Santo Antônio – OSID e divididos emdois grupo: Os pacientes que receberam Plicatura nasal e os pacientesque não receberam. Resultados: Pode-se observar um alargamento dabase nasal de 85,71% , possibilitando que existe alteração na base alarquando é realizado esse tipo de tratamento. Conclusões: Verificamosque ocorre um alargamento da base alar após a disjunção cirúrgica damaxila, porém com a utilização da técnica de plicatura nasal houveuma diminuição desse alargamento. ABSTRACTtreatment of dentofacial deformities is often complicated by theexistence of discrepancies in the transversal dimension of the maxilla.The surgical disjunction of the maxilla is an effective technique in thetreatment of these deformities, however, an enlargement of the alarbase has been observed after the surgical procedure. Aim: to evaluatethe alteration of the nasal base in patients submitted to surgical expansionof the maxilla, with and without nasal plication. Methodology: Astudy was proposed with 21 individuals with a mean age of 16 to 36years, with transversal maxillary deficiency. Patients who underwentsurgical disjunction of the maxilla operated by the CTBMF service ofthe Santo Antônio Hospital - OSID were selected and divided into twogroups: Patients who received nasal plication and patients who did notreceive. Results: A widening of the nasal base of 85.71% can be observed,allowing alterations in the alar base when this type of treatmentis performed. Conclusions: We found a widening of the alar base afterthe surgical disjunction of the maxilla, but with the nasal plication techniquethere was a decrease of the enlargement.
A DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER E O CUIDADO EM SAÚDE BUCAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND ORAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Rabelo Rosangela Goes , Ferraz Mello Sandra Maria , Neto Altino Texeira , Araujo Nara Santos 
Published: March 2022

A elevação da expectativa de vida de uma população resulta da interaçãode diversos fatores, como a descoberta dos antibióticos; dos imunobiológicosou vacinas, efetivação de políticas públicas para redução dapobreza e desigualdades como: ações de saneamento básico; habitaçãodigna e maior tempo de permanência na escola. Contudo, o processode envelhecimento acarreta maior incidência e prevalência de doençascrônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), a exemplo das neurodegenerativas,especificamente a doença de Alzheimer (DA). A doença apresenta evoluçãogradual, com deterioração da memória, aprendizado, orientação,estabilidade emocional, capacidade de comunicação, pensamentos abstratos(paranoias e alucinações) tendo como consequência a incapacidadee exclusão social. Inicia-se com redução motora e cognitiva chegandoà perda da autonomia pessoal, inviabilizando a realização das atividadesda vida diária (AVDs) como nutrição e cuidados básicos de higiene oral.É condição essencial que os cirurgiões-dentistas conheçam característicasclinicas da DA para que os cuidados odontológicos sejam planejadosprevendo as etapas evolutivas da doença e a percepção dos pacientes eseus cuidadores. The increase in the life expectancy of a population results from the interactionof several factors, such as the discovery of antibiotics; immunobiológicosor vaccines, effective public policies to reduce poverty andinequalities such as: basic sanitation actions; housing and longer time inschool. However, the aging process leads to a higher incidence and prevalenceof chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The diseasepresents gradual evolution, with deterioration of memory, learning, orientation,emotional stability, communication capacity, abstract thoughts(paranoias and hallucinations), resulting in incapacity and social exclusion.It begins with a motor and cognitive reduction, leading to the lossof personal autonomy, making it impossible to carry out activities of dailyliving (ADLs) such as nutrition and basic oral hygiene care. It is essentialthat dental surgeons know the clinical characteristics of AD so that dentalcare is planned by predicting the evolutionary stages of the disease andthe perception of patients and their caregivers.
Circulating Adipokines and Associations With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Federico Lydia E. , Johnson Tate M. , England Bryant R. , Wysham Katherine D. , George Michael D. , Sauer Brian , Hamilton Bartlett C. , Hunter Carlos D. , Duryee Michael J. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Mikuls Ted R. , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo assess whether circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) are associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAdipokines were measured using banked enrollment serum from patients with RA and dichotomized above/below the median value. Incident CVD events (coronary artery disease [CAD], stroke, heart failure [HF] hospitalization, venous thromboembolism, CVD‐related deaths) were identified using administrative data and the National Death Index. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository, and registry databases. Multivariable Cox models were generated to quantify associations between adipokine concentrations and CVD incidence. Five‐year incidence rates were predicted.ResultsAmong 2,598 participants, 639 (25%) had at least 1 CVD event over 19,585 patient‐years of follow‐up. High adiponectin levels were independently associated with HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07–1.79], P = 0.01) and CVD‐related death (HR 1.49 [95% CI 1.16–1.92], P = 0.002) but not with other CVD events. High leptin was independently associated with CVD‐related death (HR 1.44 [95% CI 1.05–1.97], P = 0.02). High FGF‐21 levels were independently associated with lower rates of CAD (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.58–0.97], P = 0.03). In subgroup analyses, associations between high adiponectin and leptin levels with CVD‐related death were driven by strong associations in nonobese patients.ConclusionAdipokines are associated with HF hospitalization and CVD‐related death in patients with RA, with stronger associations in nonobese participants. These findings suggest that adipokines effectively predict clinically important outcomes in RA perhaps through an association with body composition and metabolic health. Further study is needed to determine whether adipokine measures might augment existing tools to identify RA patients at increased risk of CVD.
Therapeutic dendritic cell vaccines engineered with antigen‐biomineralized Bi2S3 nanoparticles for personalized tumor radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Yu Huan , Guo Haoxiang , Zu He , Ding Heng , Lin Subin , Wang Yangyun , Zhang Leshuai W , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTherapeutic vaccines, an exciting development in cancer immunotherapy, share the goal of priming of personalized antigen‐specific T‐cell response by precise antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs), but major obstacles include insufficient antigen loading and off‐target to DCs remain to their success. Here, we developed an imageable therapeutic vaccine with whole‐antigen loading and target delivery constructed by ovalbumin (OVA)‐biomineralized Bi2S3 nanoparticles‐pulsed DCs. Relying on the strong X‐ray absorption and fluorescence labeling performance of Bi2S3@OVA nanoparticles, the in vivo spatiotemporal fate of the vaccine (Bi2S3@OVA@DC) can be noninvasively monitored by computed tomography and near‐infrared fluorescence imaging in real time. The Bi2S3@OVA@DC can rapidly and durably accumulate in draining lymph nodes and thus trigger stronger T‐cell responses compared to OVA‐pulsed DCs. Meanwhile, Bi2S3@OVA@DC can further achieve in vivo antitumor effects against OVA‐expressing B16F10 melanoma when combined with fractionated radiotherapy, resulting from the upregulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and restraint of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and the systemical secretion of OVA‐specific IgG1/IgG2α antibody. Overall, we successfully fabricated an engineered DC vaccine featured in high whole‐antigen loading capacity that can be precisely delivered to the lymphatic system for visualization, serving as a powerful therapeutic platform for cancer radioimmunotherapy.
Open and endoscopic surgery improve survival for squamous and nonsquamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinomas: An NCDB cohort study
Authors: Finegersh Andrey , Said Mena , Deconde Adam , Hwang Peter H. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal tumors (NPTs) are primarily treated with nonsurgical therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated endoscopic salvage surgery for NPT recurrences may improve survival relative to reirradiation. However, there are very limited data on open compared with endoscopic approaches for NPTs. We investigated whether endoscopic and open surgical approaches to the nasopharynx improve overall survival for all histologic subtypes of NPTs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). All adult patients with NPTs from 2004 to 2016 without distant metastasis who underwent treatment with curative intent were included. We extracted clinical and treatment variables to assess our primary outcome of overall survival.ResultsOn univariate analysis, patients undergoing endoscopic surgery, but not open surgery, had significantly improved overall survival relative to those undergoing nonsurgical treatment. Post hoc analysis demonstrated significantly improved overall survival for surgery in patients with minor salivary gland histology, but not squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology or by T or N classification. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate regression. After adjusting for covariates, both endoscopic and open approaches were associated with improved overall survival relative to nonsurgical treatment for all tumor types. A multivariate regression of SCC found that open surgery, but not endoscopic surgery, was significantly associated with improved overall survival.ConclusionBoth endoscopic and open surgical approaches are associated with improved overall survival of patients with NPT. These findings highlight important oncologic validity as endoscopic and robotic platforms to the nasopharynx become more widely adopted.