bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Evaporative Cooling on Photovoltaic Module Performance
Authors: Alktranee Mohammed , Bencs Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe photovoltaic module (PV) consists of many photovoltaic cells made of silicon that lose their properties with an increased temperature. Increasing photovoltaic cell temperature represents an intrinsic problem that causes a drop in the open-circuit voltage of the PV module, thus affecting its performance. The present work investigates using evaporating cooling as a passive cooling technique to absorb the generated heat from the PV module and lower its temperature by cotton wicks immersed in the water (CWIWs) attached to the backside photovoltaic module. The CWIWs decrease air dry temperature and increase humidity and then produce cool air to help cool PV modules. The results showed dropped PV module temperature by about 22% attributed to providing appropriate cooling produced by the moist condition of the cotton bristles immersed by water exposed to the wind. The output power generation and efficiency have increment by 16.3 W and 53%, respectively. The electrical exergy was equivalent to output power under the evaporating cooling, while entropy generation dropped about 14% with increased the PV module temperature.
Extensive Spinal Epidural Hematoma as the Cause of Postpartum Headache and Neck Pain After Epidural Anesthesia: a Case-Based Report
Authors: Bäck Anne Tuiskunen , Åkerstedt Josefin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spinal epidural hematomas (SEH) are a rare hemorrhagic event occurring after trauma, epidural anesthesia, or operative inventions. However, in 40–50% of cases, they occur spontaneously. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas (SSEH) are rare in occurrence with an estimated incidence of 1 case per million annually. Pregnancy is an independent risk factor. Sudden neck or back pain, often in combination with a rapid onset of neurological symptoms, is the most common presentation of SEH (1). A 36-year-old Caucasian female with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented to the emergency department approximately 48 h after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. She sought medical attention due to constant headaches and neck pain that started during active labor. An MRI of the spine revealed an extensive SEH spreading from C1 to L5. The patient was without neurological symptoms or deficits and was successfully treated conservatively without any sequelae. Even though the definitive cause of this case of SEH will remain unknown, several possible synergistic mechanisms have been identified. These include female gender, full-term pregnancy, physical activity with increased intraabdominal pressure (i.e., Valsalva maneuver), systemic administration of platelet aggregation inhibitor (PAI), and iatrogenic manipulation such as spinal epidural anesthesia. Even though autoimmune and inflammatory disorders have been described in the literature to be rare sources of hemorrhage in the spinal canal, it is unclear whether the patient’s RA should be regarded as an individual risk factor.

Key Facts

Spinal epidural hematomas are a rare hemorrhagic event characterized by an accumulation of blood between the vertebrae and the dura of the spinal canal, and can be a clinical challenge to diagnose due to the insidious presentation, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to non-specific head or neck pain, or neurological deficits.

The etiology of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas remains largely unknown, although there are many predisposing factors, including vascular malformation, anticoagulation therapy, trauma, iatrogenic manipulations, and hypertension.

The differential diagnosis to spinal epidural hematomas are several, e.g., meningitis, migraine, subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, pituitary apoplexy, venous sinus thrombosis, and thrombosis, and radiological examination is key to diagnose and map the distribution of the hemorrhage.
Method optimisation and application based on solid phase extraction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiretroviral drugs, and a lipid regulator from coastal areas of Durban, South Africa
Authors: Sigonya Sisonke , Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mdluli Phumlani Selby , Mokhothu Thabang Hendrica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study presents an optimized method that is applicable in monitoring the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a wide range of aquatic environments. The optimised Solid Phase Extraction method is based on Bond Elut Plexa cartridges for the identification and quantification of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, three antiretroviral drugs and a lipid regulator in the coastal area of Durban city, South Africa covering four seasons. The extracted compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively detected by a high-performance liquid phase chromatographic instrument coupled to a photodiode array detector. The recoveries range from 62 to 110% with a Relative Standard Deviation of 0.56−4.68%, respectively, for the determination of emtricitabine, tenofovir, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, efavirenz, and gemfibrozil. The analytical method is validated by spiking estuarine water samples with 5 µg L− 1 of a mixture containing the target pharmaceuticals and the matrix detection limit is established to be 0.62–1.78 µg L− 1 for the target compounds. The optimized method is applied to seasonal monitoring of pharmaceuticals at chosen study sites from winter and spring of 2019 and summer and autumn of 2020. The results indicate the concentration of the pharmaceuticals studied varies with the type of aquatic environment and season.
CAPTION: Caption Analysis with Proposed Terms, Image of Objects, and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo A. , De Rizzo Meneghetti Douglas , Lopes Marcos , Santos Paulo E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel algorithm, called CAPTION, for identifying and correcting errors in automatically generated image captions. The algorithm combines Deep Learning (DL) for object detection in images with Natural Language Processing techniques. CAPTION has been tested in the following three tasks: (1) classify a caption as correct or not; (2) detect wrong words in the caption, and (3) suggest text corrections. Results show that our method is superior with respect to others evaluated in the same data set in the error correction task. These other methods are generally based exclusively on DL models. This work shows that, although semantics still has not been used at its fullest in this type of task, a combination of DL with Natural Language Processing tools presents a better overall performance than using DL methods alone.
The potential impact of model horizontal resolution on the simulation of atmospheric cloud radiative effect in CMIP6 models
Authors: Lin Qiao-Jun , Yu Jia-Yuh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe simulations of atmospheric cloud-radiative effect (ACRE) from 54 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models during the historical period of 2000/03–2014/12 are compared and evaluated against the satellite-based Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) products. For ease of comparison, all CMIP6 models are divided into high-, medium-, and low-resolution groups to examine the potential impact of model horizontal resolution change on the simulations of ACRE distribution over the tropical oceans. The results show that ACRE is positive inside the ITCZs but negative in the subtropics and cold tongue areas, owing to the very different radiative forcing between deep and shallow clouds. Simulations of ACRE are sensitive to the model horizontal resolution used and the finer resolution models generally produce a better performance of ACRE simulations against the CERES observations. The reduced ACRE biases in finer resolution models are mainly contributed by the improved longwave ACRE (i.e., LWACRE) simulations, especially over the Pacific and Atlantic cold tongue areas where shallow stratocumulus clouds prevail.
Ecological memory of prior nutrient exposure in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Letourneau Jeffrey , Holmes Zachary C , Dallow Eric P , Durand Heather K , Jiang Sharon , Carrion Verónica M , Gupta Savita K , Mincey Adam C , Muehlbauer Michael J , Bain James R , David Lawrence A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many ecosystems have been shown to retain a memory of past conditions, which in turn affects how they respond to future stimuli. In microbial ecosystems, community disturbance has been associated with lasting impacts on microbiome structure. However, whether microbial communities alter their response to repeated stimulus remains incompletely understood. Using the human gut microbiome as a model, we show that bacterial communities retain an “ecological memory” of past carbohydrate exposures. Memory of the prebiotic inulin was encoded within a day of supplementation among a cohort of human study participants. Using in vitro gut microbial models, we demonstrated that the strength of ecological memory scales with nutrient dose and persists for days. We found evidence that memory is seeded by transcriptional changes among primary degraders of inulin within hours of nutrient exposure, and that subsequent changes in the activity and abundance of these taxa are sufficient to enhance overall community nutrient metabolism. We also observed that ecological memory of one carbohydrate species impacts microbiome response to other carbohydrates, and that an individual’s habitual exposure to dietary fiber was associated with their gut microbiome’s efficiency at digesting inulin. Together, these findings suggest that the human gut microbiome’s metabolic potential reflects dietary exposures over preceding days and changes within hours of exposure to a novel nutrient. The dynamics of this ecological memory also highlight the potential for intra-individual microbiome variation to affect the design and interpretation of interventions involving the gut microbiome.
Acquisition and evolution of enhanced mutualism—an underappreciated mechanism for invasive success?
Authors: Sheng Min , Rosche Christoph , Al-Gharaibeh Mohammad , Bullington Lorinda S , Callaway Ragan M , Clark Taylor , Cleveland Cory C , Duan Wenyan , Flory S Luke , Khasa Damase P , Klironomos John N , McLeod Morgan , Okada Miki , Pal Robert W , Shah Manzoor A , Lekberg Ylva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoil biota can determine plant invasiveness, yet biogeographical comparisons of microbial community composition and function across ranges are rare. We compared interactions between Conyza canadensis, a global plant invader, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in 17 plant populations in each native and non-native range spanning similar climate and soil fertility gradients. We then grew seedlings in the greenhouse inoculated with AM fungi from the native range. In the field, Conyza plants were larger, more fecund, and associated with a richer community of more closely related AM fungal taxa in the non-native range. Fungal taxa that were more abundant in the non-native range also correlated positively with plant biomass, whereas taxa that were more abundant in the native range appeared parasitic. These patterns persisted when populations from both ranges were grown together in a greenhouse; non-native populations cultured a richer and more diverse AM fungal community and selected AM fungi that appeared to be more mutualistic. Our results provide experimental support for evolution toward enhanced mutualism in non-native ranges. Such novel relationships and the rapid evolution of mutualisms may contribute to the disproportionate abundance and impact of some non-native plant species.
Genomic architecture of FGFR2 fusions in cholangiocarcinoma and its implication for molecular testing
Authors: Neumann Olaf , Burn Timothy C. , Allgäuer Michael , Ball Markus , Kirchner Martina , Albrecht Thomas , Volckmar Anna-Lena , Beck Susanne , Endris Volker , Goldschmid Hannah , Lehmann Ulrich , Seker-Cin Huriye , Uhrig Sebastian , Roessler Stephanie , Budczies Jan , Fröhling Stefan , Longerich Thomas , Wagner Alex H. , Vogel Arndt , Schirmacher Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht , Kazdal Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignancy of the biliary tract with a dismal prognosis. Recently, several actionable genetic aberrations were identified with significant enrichment in intrahepatic CCA, including FGFR2 gene fusions with a prevalence of 10–15%. Recent clinical data demonstrate that these fusions are druggable in a second-line setting in advanced/metastatic disease and the efficacy in earlier lines of therapy is being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. This scenario warrants standardised molecular profiling of these tumours.

Methods
A detailed analysis of the original genetic data from the FIGHT-202 trial, on which the approval of Pemigatinib was based, was conducted.

Results
Comparing different detection approaches and displaying representative cases, we described the genetic landscape and architecture of FGFR2 fusions in iCCA and show biological and technical aspects to be considered for their detection. We elaborated parameters, including a suggestion for annotation, that should be stated in a molecular diagnostic FGFR2 report to allow a complete understanding of the analysis performed and the information provided.

Conclusion
This study provides a detailed presentation and dissection of the technical and biological aspects regarding FGFR2 fusion detection, which aims to support molecular pathologists, pathologists and clinicians in diagnostics, reporting of the results and decision-making.
RNA-based therapeutics: an overview and prospectus
Authors: Zhu Yiran , Zhu Liyuan , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growing understanding of RNA functions and their crucial roles in diseases promotes the application of various RNAs to selectively function on hitherto “undruggable” proteins, transcripts and genes, thus potentially broadening the therapeutic targets. Several RNA-based medications have been approved for clinical use, while others are still under investigation or preclinical trials. Various techniques have been explored to promote RNA intracellular trafficking and metabolic stability, despite significant challenges in developing RNA-based therapeutics. In this review, the mechanisms of action, challenges, solutions, and clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics have been comprehensively summarized.
SALIS transcriptionally represses IGFBP3/Caspase-7-mediated apoptosis by associating with STAT5A to promote hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xingyuan , Jin Yi , Wan Xuan , Liang Xiaoting , Wang Ke , Liu Jieyu , Jiang Jiale , Meng Bingyao , Han Shuo , Zhou Liang , Cai Shaoxi , Zou Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of liver cancer and the second most fatal cancer in the world despite the great therapeutic advances in the past two decades, which reminds us of the gap in fully understanding the oncogenic mechanism of HCC. To explore the key factors contributing to the progression of HCC, we identified a LncRNA, termed SALIS (Suppression of Apoptosis by LINC01186 Interacting with STAT5A), functions in promoting the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion while suppressing apoptosis in HCC cells. Mechanistic study indicated SALIS physically associates with transcription factor STAT5A and binds to the promoter regions of IGFBP3 and Caspase-7 to transcriptionally repress their expression and further inhibit apoptosis. Our findings identified SALIS as an oncogene to promote HCC by physically binding with STAT5A to inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic IGFBP3 and Caspase-7, which suggests novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatments.
Tripartite motif 25 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by degrading p85α
Authors: Shen Yihui , Zhang Hui , Ni Yangyue , Wang Xuejun , Chen Yifan , Chen Jiahui , Wang Yan , Lin Jinyi , Xu Yuchen , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Cheng Leilei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy is widely used to treat malignant tumors; however, the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX restricts its clinical usage. A therapeutic dose of DOX can activate ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, whether and how ubiquitin-proteasome system brings out DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains to be investigated. Here we conducted a proteomics analysis of a DOX-induced cardiotoxicity model to screen the potentially ubiquitination-related molecules. Dysregulated TRIM25 was found to contribute to the cardiotoxicity. In vivo and in vitro cardiotoxicity experiments revealed that TRIM25 ameliorated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Electron microscopy and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers revealed that TRIM25 mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in DOX-induced cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, the Co-immunoprecipitation assays and CHX pulse-chase experiment determined that TRIM25 affected p85α stability and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. This leads to increase of nuclear translocation of XBP-1s, which mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress. These findings reveal that TRIM25 may have a therapeutic role for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Stress-testing the resilience of the Austrian healthcare system using agent-based simulation
Authors: Kaleta Michaela , Lasser Jana , Dervic Elma , Yang Liuhuaying , Sorger Johannes , Lo Sardo D. Ruggiero , Thurner Stefan , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Klimek Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatients do not access physicians at random but rather via naturally emerging networks of patient flows between them. As mass quarantines, absences due to sickness, or other shocks thin out these networks, the system might be pushed to a tipping point where it loses its ability to deliver care. Here, we propose a data-driven framework to quantify regional resilience to such shocks via an agent-based model. For each region and medical specialty we construct patient-sharing networks and stress-test these by removing physicians. This allows us to measure regional resilience indicators describing how many physicians can be removed before patients will not be treated anymore. Our model could therefore enable health authorities to rapidly identify bottlenecks in access to care. Here, we show that regions and medical specialties differ substantially in their resilience and that these systemic differences can be related to indicators for individual physicians by quantifying their risk and benefit to the system.
Rep15 interacts with several Rab GTPases and has a distinct fold for a Rab effector
Authors: Rai Amrita , Singh Anurag K. , Bleimling Nathalie , Posern Guido , Vetter Ingrid R. , Goody Roger S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn their GTP-bound (active) form, Rab proteins interact with effector proteins that control downstream signaling. One such Rab15 effector is Rep15, which is known to have a role in receptor recycling from the endocytic recycling compartment but otherwise remains poorly characterized. Here, we report the characterization of the Rep15:Rab15 interaction and identification of Rab3 paralogs and Rab34 as Rep15 interacting partners from a yeast two-hybrid assay. Biochemical validation of the interactions is presented and crystal structures of the Rep15:Rab3B and Rep15:Rab3C complexes provide additional mechanistic insight. We find that Rep15 adopts a globular structure that is distinct from other reported Rab15, Rab3 and Rab34 effectors. Structure-based mutagenesis experiments explain the Rep15:Rab interaction specificity. Rep15 depletion in U138MG glioblastoma cells impairs cell proliferation, cell migration and receptor recycling, underscoring the need for further clarification of the role of Rep15 in cancer.
Mechanochemistry-driven engineering of 0D/3D heterostructure for designing highly luminescent Cs–Pb–Br perovskites
Authors: Baek Kyeong-Yoon , Lee Woocheol , Lee Jonghoon , Kim Jaeyoung , Ahn Heebeom , Kim Jae Il , Kim Junwoo , Lim Hyungbin , Shin Jiwon , Ko Yoon-Joo , Lee Hyeon-Dong , Friend Richard H. , Lee Tae-Woo , Lee Jeongjae , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmbedding metal-halide perovskite particles within an insulating host matrix has proven to be an effective strategy for revealing the outstanding luminescence properties of perovskites as an emerging class of light emitters. Particularly, unexpected bright green emission observed in a nominally pure zero-dimensional cesium–lead–bromide perovskite (Cs4PbBr6) has triggered intensive research in better understanding the serendipitous incorporation of emissive guest species within the Cs4PbBr6 host. However, a limited controllability over such heterostructural configurations in conventional solution-based synthesis methods has limited the degree of freedom in designing synthesis routes for accessing different structural and compositional configurations of these host–guest species. In this study, we provide means of enhancing the luminescence properties in the nominal Cs4PbBr6 powder through a guided heterostructural configuration engineering enabled by solid-state mechanochemical synthesis. Realized by an in-depth study on time-dependent evaluation of optical and structural properties during the synthesis of Cs4PbBr6, our target-designed synthesis protocol to promote the endotaxial formation of Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 heterostructures provides key insights for understanding and designing kinetics-guided syntheses of highly luminescent perovskite emitters for light-emitting applications.
A proteolytically activated antimicrobial toxin encoded on a mobile plasmid of Bacteroidales induces a protective response
Authors: Evans Jordan C. , McEneany Valentina Laclare , Coyne Michael J. , Caldwell Elizabeth P. , Sheahan Madeline L. , Von Salena S. , Coyne Emily M. , Tweten Rodney K. , Comstock Laurie E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhocaeicola vulgatus is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial species of the human gut microbiota, yet a comprehensive analysis of antibacterial toxin production by members of this species has not been reported. Here, we identify and characterize a previously undescribed antibacterial protein. This toxin, designated BcpT, is encoded on a small mobile plasmid that is largely confined to strains of the closely related species Phocaeicola vulgatus and Phocaeicola dorei. BcpT is unusual in that it requires cleavage at two distinct sites for activation, and we identify bacterial proteases that perform this activation. We further identify BcpT’s receptor as the Lipid A-core glycan, allowing BcpT to target species of other Bacteroidales families. Exposure of cells to BcpT induces a response involving an unusual sigma/anti-sigma factor pair that is likely triggered by cell envelope stress, resulting in the expression of genes that partially protect cells from multiple antimicrobial toxins.
Multiple anthropogenic pressures eliminate the effects of soil microbial diversity on ecosystem functions in experimental microcosms
Authors: Yang Gaowen , Ryo Masahiro , Roy Julien , Lammel Daniel R. , Ballhausen Max-Bernhard , Jing Xin , Zhu Xuefeng , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiodiversity is crucial for the provision of ecosystem functions. However, ecosystems are now exposed to a rapidly growing number of anthropogenic pressures, and it remains unknown whether biodiversity can still promote ecosystem functions under multifaceted pressures. Here we investigated the effects of soil microbial diversity on soil functions and properties when faced with an increasing number of simultaneous global change factors in experimental microcosms. Higher soil microbial diversity had a positive effect on soil functions and properties when no or few (i.e., 1–4) global change factors were applied, but this positive effect was eliminated by the co-occurrence of numerous global change factors. This was attributable to the reduction of soil fungal abundance and the relative abundance of an ecological cluster of coexisting soil bacterial and fungal taxa. Our study indicates that reducing the number of anthropogenic pressures should be a goal in ecosystem management, in addition to biodiversity conservation.