bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The theory of compression–shear coupled composite wave propagation in rock
Authors: Lu Jianhua , Xu Songlin , Miao Chunhe , Xie Yushan , Yuan Liangzhu , Ma Hao , Chen Meiduo , Wang Pengfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe wave velocity analysis of rock medium is the main method used to explore the internal compositions in the crust and research seismic. In this paper, a compression–shear coupled nonlinear elastic constitutive relation is established, which is consistent with the mechanical properties of rock and mineral medium under high pressure. On this basis, numerical solutions of the wave equation and plane wave analytical solutions for the primary and secondary wave velocities are obtained. As is indicated by the comparison with the linear elastic constitutive theory, the results reflect the compression–shear coupling characteristics of the rock, including the stress path effect and the compression–shear coupling wave effect. With different parameter values, the velocity of the secondary wave changes from lower than that of the elastic shear wave, to higher than that of the elastic shear wave. The research results are expected to provide meaningful explanations for the physical mechanisms of the supershear wave and sub‐Rayleigh wave, and guidance for the detection of rock and soil composition and the observation of seismic waves.
Bacterial supergroup‐specific “cost” of Wolbachia infections in Nasonia vitripennis
Authors: Tiwary Alok , Babu Rahul , Sen Ruchira , Raychoudhury Rhitoban 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe maternally inherited endosymbiont, Wolbachia, is known to alter the reproductive biology of its arthropod hosts for its own benefit and can induce both positive and negative fitness effects in many hosts. Here, we describe the effects of the maintenance of two distinct Wolbachia infections, one each from supergroups A and B, on the parasitoid host Nasonia vitripennis. We compare the effect of Wolbachia infections on various traits between the uninfected, single A‐infected, single B‐infected, and double‐infected lines with their cured versions. Contrary to some previous reports, our results suggest that there is a significant cost associated with the maintenance of Wolbachia infections where traits such as family size, fecundity, longevity, and rates of male copulation are compromised in Wolbachia‐infected lines. The double Wolbachia infection has the most detrimental impact on the host as compared to single infections. Moreover, there is a supergroup‐specific negative impact on these wasps as the supergroup B infection elicits the most pronounced negative effects. These negative effects can be attributed to a higher Wolbachia titer seen in the double and the single supergroup B infection lines when compared to supergroup A. Our findings raise important questions on the mechanism of survival and maintenance of these reproductive parasites in arthropod hosts.
Influence of riparian thinning on trophic pathways supporting stream food webs in forested watersheds
Authors: Roon David A. , Dunham Jason B. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Olson Deanna H. , Harvey Bret C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResource managers seek to thin second‐growth riparian forests to address multiple stream and riparian management objectives, including enhancing aquatic productivity via light‐mediated trophic pathways in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest (USA). However, such increases in aquatic productivity depend on complex food web dynamics that link riparian forests and streams. To evaluate how riparian forest thinning influences stream food webs, we conducted a replicated, manipulative field experiment in three northern California watersheds composed of second‐growth redwood forests and tracked responses across multiple trophic levels (periphyton, macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and fish) 1 year pre‐ and post‐treatment. Riparian thinning treatments increased light to the stream channel, yet we observed mixed responses by stream food webs. Thinning did not change stream periphyton biomass on natural substrates but increased periphyton accrual on ceramic tiles. Periphyton accrual appeared to be partially muted by top‐down effects from invertebrate scrapers, which were more abundant in thinned reaches. Prey in the diets of top predators—coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii)—did not change in biomass, composition, or structure in response to thinning and instead varied more seasonally and between predators. Stable isotope analysis indicated that shifts in carbon (δ13C) signatures of stream periphyton associated with thinning were reflected to varying extents by primary consumers but did not propagate up to top predators. Top predator biomass responses varied between species, where salamander biomass remained unchanged, but cutthroat trout biomass increased slightly in thinned reaches. However, trout biomass responses were not supported by diets or isotopes and correlated weakly with changes in light associated with thinning, suggesting little evidence that responses could be attributed directly to changes in autotrophic pathways. Furthermore, we found no evidence that local trophic responses to thinning propagated into downstream reaches. Taken together, we observed that trophic pathways supporting stream food webs remained largely intact immediately after riparian thinning treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that riparian thinning does not necessarily enhance aquatic productivity in forested streams, indicating that contextual factors driving realized ecological responses should be accounted for when considering thinning as a restoration strategy for stream–riparian ecosystems.
K+ channel Kv4.1 is expressed in the nociceptors/secondary nociceptive neurons and participates in pain regulation
Authors: Chiu Chi‐Yuan , Tsaur Meei‐Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKv4 channels are key components controlling neuronal excitability at membrane potentials below action potential thresholds. It remains elusive whether Kv4.1 participates in pain regulation.MethodsWe raised a Kv4.1 antibody to map Kv4.1+ neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats. Behavioural, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used to examine whether the activity of Kv4.1+ neurons or Kv4.1 expression level is altered after peripheral nerve injury.ResultsIn lamina I of the spinal cord, Kv4.1 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in neurokinin‐1 receptor positive (NK1R)+ projection neurons (the secondary nociceptive neurons) and NK1R+ excitatory interneurons. Kv4.1, KChIP2 and DPP10 were co‐expressed in these neurons. Peripheral nerve injury evoked by lumbar spinal nerve ligation (SNL) immediately induced phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (pERK, an indicator of enhanced neuronal activity) in lamina I Kv4.1+ neurons and lamina II Kv4.2/Kv4.3+ neurons of the spinal cord. Furthermore, Kv4.1 appeared in 59.9% of DRG neurons with variable sizes. Kv4.1 mRNA and protein levels in DRG neurons were gradually decreased after SNL. Following intrathecal injection of Kv4.1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) into naive rats, Kv4.1 protein level was reduced in the DRG, and mechanical but not thermal hypersensitivity was induced.ConclusionsKv4.1 appears in the secondary nociceptive neurons, and peripheral nerve injury increases the activity of these neurons. Kv4.1 expression in DRG neurons (including half of the nociceptors) is gradually reduced after peripheral nerve injury, and knockdown of Kv4.1 in DRG neurons induces pain. Thus, Kv4.1 participates in pain regulation.SignificanceBased on the expression of Kv4.1 and Kv4.3 in the nociceptors, Kv4.1 in the secondary nociceptive neurons, Kv4.1 in spinal lamina I excitatory interneurons that regulate the activity of the secondary nociceptive neurons, as well as Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 in spinal lamina II excitatory interneurons that also regulate the activity of the secondary nociceptive neurons, developing Kv4 activators or genetic manipulation to increase Kv4 channel activity in these pain‐related Kv4+ neurons will be useful in future pain therapeutics.
Population‐based meta‐analysis and gene‐set enrichment identifies FXR/RXR pathway as common to fatty liver disease and serum lipids
Authors: Handelman Samuel K. , Puentes Yindra M. , Kuppa Annapurna , Chen Yanhua , Du Xiaomeng , Feitosa Mary F. , Palmer Nicholette D. , Speliotes Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide. NAFLD is associated with elevated serum triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Both NAFLD and blood lipid levels are genetically influenced and may share a common genetic etiology. We used genome‐wide association studies (GWAS)–ranked genes and gene‐set enrichment analysis to identify pathways that affect serum lipids and NAFLD. We identified credible genes in these pathways and characterized missense variants in these for effects on serum traits. We used MAGENTA to identify 58 enriched pathways from publicly available TG, LDL, and HDL GWAS (n = 99,000). Three of these pathways were also enriched for associations with European‐ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 7176). One pathway, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation, was replicated for association in an African‐ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 3214) and plays a role in serum lipids and NAFLD. Credible genes (proteins) in FXR/RXR activation include those associated with cholesterol/bile/bilirubin transport/absorption (ABCC2 (MRP2) [ATP binding cassette subfamily C member (multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2)], ABCG5, ABCG8 [ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters G5 and G8], APOB (APOB) [apolipoprotein B], FABP6 (ILBP) [fatty acid binding protein 6 (ileal lipid‐binding protein)], MTTP (MTP) [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein], SLC4A2 (AE2) [solute carrier family 4 member 2 (anion exchange protein 2)]), nuclear hormone–mediated control of metabolism (NR0B2 (SHP) [nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (small heterodimer partner)], NR1H4 (FXR) [nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 (FXR)], PPARA (PPAR) [peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha], FOXO1 (FOXO1A) [forkhead box O1]), or other pathways (FETUB (FETUB) [fetuin B]). Missense variants in ABCC2 (MRP2), ABCG5 (ABCG5), ABCG8 (ABCG8), APOB (APOB), MTTP (MTP), NR0B2 (SHP), NR1H4 (FXR), and PPARA (PPAR) that associate with serum LDL levels also associate with serum liver function tests in UK Biobank. Conclusion: Genetic variants in NR1H4 (FXR) that protect against liver steatosis increase serum LDL cholesterol while variants in other members of the family have congruent effects on these traits. Human genetic pathway enrichment analysis can help guide therapeutic development by identifying effective targets for NAFLD/serum lipid manipulation while minimizing side effects. In addition, missense variants could be used in companion diagnostics to determine their influence on drug effectiveness.
Standard Verification using Model Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Caines Charles , Jaques David , Geiger Jeremy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSystems engineering has embraced MBSE and other digital engineering techniques that have been in use in software engineering for decades. One area that MBSE lacks is automation of verification and validation of requirements for standards. System models require rework to model standards and in the case of reuse, extensive verification to ensure they have been implemented properly. SysML can utilize architectural constraints for system models in a similar way to how software engineers use architectural constraints in software architectures. Architectural constraints can be used to verify conformance with architectural decisions and standard implementation. This tool can be applied to automated standard compliance verification using query functions for analysis or validation suites for fast verification of architectural constraints. This technique has been applied to larger Reference architectures with success in finding errors architecture design as well.
A System‐of‐Systems Meta‐Architecture Optimization to Recommend a Solution for Personalized Home Fitness
Authors: Coolen Demi , Dagli Cihan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the novel coronavirus COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 and the stay‐at‐home orders that accompanied mandates for businesses to cancel in‐person activities, an increasing number of people turned to fitness alternatives that allowed them to exercise without leaving their homes. With this came a demand for at‐home workout solutions and a surge in sales for companies like Peloton and NordicTrack. To help determine the best solution for a potential customer, this paper analyzes a System‐of‐Systems to optimize a meta‐architecture for an at‐home spin class capability by maximizing five key performance attributes: affordability, efficiency, flexibility, enjoyment, and efficacy. The overall System‐of‐Systems was analyzed using a Fuzzy Inference System that interfaces with SoS Explorer, a System‐of‐Systems architecting tool developed by Missouri University of Science and Technology. A genetic algorithm guided the optimization process to generate a single meta‐architecture that provides the best possible value for the overall objective of the System‐of‐Systems. A summary of the simple Self‐Organizing Genetic Algorithm is included along with a definition of the constraints and equations used to define the score of the meta‐architecture given the combination of systems selected and their associated capabilities, characteristics, and feasible interfaces. Future work includes the expansion of the approach to other potential equipment and workout types, such as running, yoga, and lifting, as part of the analysis and optimization using SoS Explorer.
The sanctity of life: The role of purity in attitudes towards abortion and euthanasia
Authors: Lockhart Christopher , Lee Carol H. J. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: September 2022

Although abortion and euthanasia are highly contested issues at the heart of the culture war, the moral foundations underlying ideological differences on these issues are mostly unknown. Given that much of the extant debate is framed around the sanctity of life, we argued that the moral foundation of purity/sanctity—a core moral belief that emphasises adherence to the “natural order”—would mediate the negative relationship between conservatism and support for abortion and euthanasia. As hypothesised, results from a nation‐wide random sample of adults in New Zealand (N = 3360) revealed that purity/sanctity mediated the relationship between conservatism and opposition to both policies. These results demonstrate that, rather than being motivated by a desire to reduce harm, conservative opposition to pro‐choice and end‐of‐life decisions is (partly) based on the view that ending a life, even if it is one's own, violates God's natural design and, thus, stains one's spiritual purity.
Energy compensated synthetic aperture focusing technique for photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Thomas Anjali , Paul Souradip , Singh Mayanglambam Suheshkumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report an adaptive energy‐compensated synthetic aperture focusing technique (eC‐SAFT) for improving the imaging performance of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) in terms of depth of field (DOF), spatial resolution (both axial and lateral), and SNR. In addition to coherency and time‐delay (in conventional SAFT), our beamforming‐based reconstruction algorithm takes into account acoustic energy loss—a primary physical parameter in acoustic wave propagation—following Beer‐Lambert's law. Experimental validation studies were performed in tissue‐mimicking (Agar) phantoms, complex leaf veins, and chicken breast tissues. Results demonstrate that our proposed eC‐SAFT+CF outperforms conventional SAFT+CF to improve axial resolution (up to ), lateral resolution (up to ), SNR (up to ) and CR (up to ).
The influence of prostate volume on clinical parameters in prostate cancer screening
Authors: Shan Jiahao , Geng Xinyu , Lu Youlu , Liu Ziyang , Zhu Hengyu , Zhou Raorao , Zhang Zhengyuan , Gang Xianghui , Zhang Duobing , Shi Hongbin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of two new and a few clinical markers for prostate cancer (PCa) at various prostate volumes (PV).MethodsThe study subjects were divided into two groups. Among them, there were 70 cases in the PV ≤30 ml group (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]: 32 cases, PCa: 38 cases) and 372 cases in the PV > 30 ml group (BPH: 277 cases, PCa: 95 cases). SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 were used to construct their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for diagnosing PCa and calculating their area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsIn the PV ≤30 ml group, the diagnostic parameters based on prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) had a decreased diagnostic significance for PCa. In the PV > 30 ml group, PSAD (AUC = 0.709), AVR (AVR = Age/PV, AUC = 0.742), and A‐PSAD (A‐PSAD = Age×PSA/PV, AUC = 0.736) exhibited moderate diagnostic significance for PCa, which was better than PSA‐AV (AUC = 0.672), free PSA (FPSA, AUC = 0.509), total PSA (TPSA, AUC = 0.563), (F/T) PSA (AUC = 0.540), and (F/T)/PSAD (AUC = 0.663). Compared with AVR, A‐PSAD exhibited similar diagnostic significance for PCa, but higher than PSA density (PSAD).ConclusionsChoosing appropriate indicators for different PVs could contribute to the early screening and diagnosis of PCa. The difference in the diagnostic value of two new indicators (A‐PSAD and AVR), and PSAD for PCa may require further validation by increasing the sample size.
Evaluation of production of lipopeptide biosurfactants and surfactin micelles by native Bacillus of Iran, for a broader application range
Authors: Modabber Glayol , Akhavan Sepahi Abbas , Yazdian Fatemeh , Rashedi Hamid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurfactin is one of the most important lipopeptide biosurfactants obtained by biocatalysts of Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this study was to isolate surfactin‐producing bacilli from native soils of the country (Iran), investigate their properties, convert surfactin to surfactin micelles, determine the properties of surfactin micelles and investigate the effect of starch‐coated Fe0 and Fe3+ nanoparticles on the production of surfactin from B. subtilis. To do so, 20 bacilli were isolated from the native soil sample by heat shock method and genome sequenced by SrRNA16 method. The samples with strong β‐hemolysis activity were screened as surfactant‐producing strains. Two species of 61 and 63 (B. subtilis subspecies. Inaquosorum) were selected and examined by quantitative and qualitative screening tests such as hemolysis activity, surfactin production, droplet aggregation, emulsifying activity, and surface tension reduction in MSM medium containing Fe0 and Fe3+ nanoparticles. Surfactin was converted to surfactin micelles by sonication and confirmed by SEM. The antimicrobial and emulsifying activity and surface tension reduction of surfactin micelles were investigated. According to the results, the surface tension reduction of surfactin micelles was greater than that of surfactin. The strain 61 (99.7%) culture in 5 L bioreactors containing Fe3+ nanoparticles produced more surfactin than culture of the same strain without nanoparticles. This study presents an efficient method to increase the biosynthesis of microbial metabolites.
Optimal local truncation error method for 2‐D elastodynamics problems on irregular domains and unfitted Cartesian meshes
Authors: Idesman Alexander , Dey Bikash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe optimal local truncation error method (OLTEM) has been developed for 2‐D time‐dependent elasticity problems on irregular domains and trivial unfitted Cartesian meshes. Compact nine‐point uniform and nonuniform stencils (similar to those for linear finite elements on uniform meshes) are used with OLTEM. The stencil coefficients are assumed to be unknown and are calculated by the minimization of the local truncation error. It is shown that the second order of accuracy is the maximum possible accuracy for nine‐point stencils independent of the numerical technique used for their derivations. The special treatment of the Neumann boundary conditions has been developed that does not increase the size of the stencils. The cases of the nondiagonal and diagonal mass matrices are considered for OLTEM. The results of numerical examples are in agreement with the theoretical findings. They also show that due to the minimization of the local truncation error, OLTEM with the nondiagonal mass matrix is much more accurate than linear finite elements and than quadratic and cubic finite elements (up to the engineering accuracy of 0.1%–1%) at the same numbers of degrees of freedom. The proposed numerical technique can be efficiently used for many engineering applications including geomechanics.
Benchmarking the performance of a low‐cost magnetic resonance control system at multiple sites in the open MaRCoS community
Authors: Guallart‐Naval Teresa , O'Reilly Thomas , Algarín José M. , Pellicer‐Guridi Ruben , Vives‐Gilabert Yolanda , Craven‐Brightman Lincoln , Negnevitsky Vlad , Menküc Benjamin , Galve Fernando , Stockmann Jason P. , Webb Andrew , Alonso Joseba 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose:To describe the current properties and capabilities of an open‐source hardware and software package that is being developed by many sites internationally with the aim of providing an inexpensive yet flexible platform for low‐cost MRI.Methods:This article describes three different setups from 50 to 360 mT in different settings, all of which used the MaRCoS console for acquiring data, and different types of software interface (custom‐built GUI or Pulseq overlay) to acquire it.Results:Images are presented both from phantoms and in vivo from healthy volunteers to demonstrate the image quality that can be obtained from the MaRCoS hardware/software interfaced to different low‐field magnets.Conclusions:The results presented here show that a number of different sequences commonly used in the clinic can be programmed into an open‐source system relatively quickly and easily, and can produce good quality images even at this early stage of development. Both the hardware and software will continue to develop, and it is an aim of this article to encourage other groups to join this international consortium.