bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna M. , Cheshire William P. , Nurmikko Turo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The greatest challenges to the management of trigeminal neuralgia and other cranial neuralgias result from gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms generating and maintaining the symptoms, patient assessment, methods for measuring outcomes, lack of adequately powered controlled trials, and inherent limitations of drug and surgical treatments. There are in vitro and in vivo experimental models that remain underused in the field. Human genetic tests have identified candidate genes in trigeminal neuralgia families. Imaging methods, especially diffusion tensor imaging and some neurophysiological tests, can be used to phenotype patients at group level. Large-scale pivotal controlled trials are needed to better understand the relative effectiveness of pharmacological and surgical interventions. Disease-specific registries maintained by multiple centres are recommended that help to standardize and improve patient management. More study is needed to understand patient decision-making processes and the role of patient support groups.
Type Ia supernova ejecta–donor interaction: explosion model comparison
Authors: McCutcheon C , Zeng Y , Liu Z-W , Izzard R G , Pan K-C , Chen H-L , Han Z 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In the single-degenerate scenario of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the interaction between high-speed ejected material and the donor star in a binary system is expected to lead to mass being stripped from the donor. A series of multidimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta–donor interaction have been performed in previous studies most of which adopt either a simplified analytical model or the W7 model to represent a normal SN Ia explosion. Whether different explosion mechanisms can significantly affect the results of ejecta–donor interaction is still unclear. In this work, we simulate hydrodynamical ejecta interactions with a main-sequence (MS) donor star in two dimensions for two near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models of SNe Ia, the W7 and N100 models. We find that about 0.30 and $0.37\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ of hydrogen-rich material are stripped from a $2.5\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ donor star in a 2 d orbit by the SN Ia explosion in simulations with the W7 deflagration and N100 delayed-detonation explosion model, respectively. The donor star receives a kick of about 74 and $86\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, respectively, in each case. The modal velocity, about $500\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, of stripped hydrogen-rich material in the N100 model is faster than the W7 model, with modal velocity of about $350\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$, by a factor 1.4. Based on our results, we conclude that the choice of near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion model for normal SNe Ia seems to not significantly alter the ejecta–donor interaction for a given MS donor model, at least in 2D.
Balancing turbulent heating with radiative cooling in blazars
Authors: Davis Zachary , Rueda-Becerril Jesús M , Giannios Dimitrios 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that relativistic turbulence in collisionless plasmas can result in an equilibrium particle distribution function where turbulent heating is balanced by radiative cooling of electrons. Strongly magnetized plasmas are characterized by higher energy peaks and broader particle distributions. In relativistically moving astrophysical jets, it is believed that the flow is launched Poynting flux dominated and that the resulting magnetic instabilities may create a turbulent environment inside the jet, i.e. the regime of relativistic turbulence. In this paper, we extend previous PIC simulation results to larger values of plasma magnetization by linearly extrapolating the diffusion and advection coefficients relevant for the turbulent plasmas under consideration. We use these results to build a single-zone turbulent jet model that is based on the global parameters of the blazar emission region, and consistently calculate the particle distribution and the resulting emission spectra. We then test our model by comparing its predictions with the broad-band quiescent emission spectra of a dozen blazars. Our results show good agreement with observations of low synchrotron peaked (LSP) sources and find that LSPs are moderately Poynting flux dominated with magnetization 1 ≲ σ ≲ 5, have bulk Lorentz factor Γj ∼ 10–30, and that the turbulent region is located at the edge, or just beyond the broad-line region (BLR). The turbulence is found to be driven at an area comparable to the jet cross-section.
Detection of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the optical light curve of the remarkable blazar AO 0235+164
Authors: Roy Abhradeep , Chitnis Varsha R , Gupta Alok C , Wiita Paul J , Romero Gustavo E , Cellone Sergio A , Chatterjee Anshu , Combi Jorge A , Raiteri Claudia M , Sarkar Arkadipta , Villata Massimo 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a long term optical R band light-curve analysis of the gravitationally lensed blazar AO 0235+164 in the time span 1982–2019. Several methods of analysis lead to the result that there is a periodicity of ∼8.13 yr present in these data. In addition, each of these five major flares are apparently double-peaked, with the secondary peak following the primary one by ∼2 yr. Along with the well-known system, OJ 287, our finding constitutes one of the most secure cases of long-term quasi-periodic optical behaviour in a blazar ever found. A binary supermassive black hole system appears to provide a good explanation for these results.
Understanding the physical state of hot plasma formed through stellar wind collision in WR140 using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Miyamoto Asca , Sugawara Yasuharu , Maeda Yoshitomo , Ishida Manabu , Hamaguchi Kenji , Corcoran Michael , Russell Christopher M P , Moffat Anthony F J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse a series of XMM–Newton RGS data of the binary Wolf–Rayet star WR140 that encompasses one entire orbit. We find that the RGS detects X-rays from optically thin thermal plasma only during orbital phases when the companion O star is on the near side of the WR star. Although such X-rays are believed to be emitted from the shock cone formed through collision of the stellar winds, temperature and density profiles of the plasma along the cone have not been measured observationally. We find that the temperature of the plasma producing Ne emission lines is 0.4–0.8 keV, using the intensity ratio of Kα lines from He-like and H-like Ne. We also find, at orbital phases 0.816 and 0.912, that the electron number density in the Ne line-emission site is approximately 1012 cm−3 from the observed intensity ratios f/r and i/r of the He-like triplet. We calculated the shock cone shape analytically, and identify the distance of the Ne line-emission site from the shock stagnation point to be 0.9–8.9 × 1013 cm using the observed ratio of the line-of-sight velocity and its dispersion. This means that we will be able to obtain the temperature and density profiles along the shock cone with emission lines from other elements. We find that the photoexcitation rate by the O star is only 1.3–16.4 per cent of that of the collisional excitation at orbital phase 0.816. This implies that our assumption that the plasma is collisionally excited is reasonable, at least at this orbital phase.
Linking chromospheric activity and magnetic field properties for late-type dwarf stars
Authors: Brown E L , Jeffers S V , Marsden S C , Morin J , Boro Saikia S , Petit P , Jardine M M , See V , Vidotto A A , Mengel M W , Dahlkemper M N , the BCool Collaboration  
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Spectropolarimetric data allow for simultaneous monitoring of stellar chromospheric $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}$ activity and the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field, Bl, giving the opportunity to probe the relationship between large-scale stellar magnetic fields and chromospheric manifestations of magnetism. We present $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}$ and/or Bl measurements for 954 mid-F to mid-M stars derived from spectropolarimetric observations contained within the PolarBase database. Our magnetically active sample complements previous stellar activity surveys that focus on inactive planet-search targets. We find a positive correlation between mean $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}$ and mean log |Bl|, but for G stars the relationship may undergo a change between $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}\sim -4.4$ and −4.8. The mean $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}$ shows a similar change with respect to the $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm {HK}}}$ variability amplitude for intermediately active G stars. We also combine our results with archival chromospheric activity data and published observations of large-scale magnetic field geometries derived using Zeeman–Doppler Imaging. The chromospheric activity data indicate a slight under-density of late-F to early-K stars with $-4.75\le \log {R^{\prime }_{\rm HK}}\le -4.5$. This is not as prominent as the original Vaughan–Preston gap, and we do not detect similar under-populated regions in the distributions of the mean |Bl|, or the Bl and $\log {R^{\prime }_{\rm HK}}$ variability amplitudes. Chromospheric activity, activity variability, and toroidal field strength decrease on the main sequence as rotation slows. For G stars, the disappearance of dominant toroidal fields occurs at a similar chromospheric activity level as the change in the relationships between chromospheric activity, activity variability, and mean field strength.
Uterine-specific SIRT1 deficiency confers premature uterine aging and impairs invasion and spacing of blastocyst, and stromal cell decidualization, in mice
Authors: Cummings Magdalina J , Yu Hongyao , Paudel Sudikshya , Hu Guang , Li Xiaoling , Hemberger Myriam , Wang Xiaoqiu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A distinct age-related alteration in the uterine environment has recently been identified as a prevalent cause of the reproductive decline in older female mice. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie age-associated uterine adaptability to pregnancy are not known. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a multifunctional NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates cell viability, senescence and inflammation during aging, is reduced in aged decidua. Thus, we hypothesize that SIRT1 plays a critical role in uterine adaptability to pregnancy and that uterine-specific ablation of Sirt1 gene accelerates premature uterine aging. Female mice with uterine ablation of Sirt1 gene using progesterone receptor Cre (PgrCre) exhibit subfertility and signs of premature uterine aging. These Sirt1-deficient mothers showed decreases in litter size from their 1st pregnancy and became sterile (25.1 ± 2.5 weeks of age) after giving birth to the third litter. We report that uterine-specific Sirt1 deficiency impairs invasion and spacing of blastocysts, and stromal cell decidualization, leading to abnormal placentation. We found that these problems traced back to the very early stages of hormonal priming of the uterus. During the window of receptivity, Sirt1 deficiency compromises uterine epithelial–stromal crosstalk, whereby estrogen, progesterone and Indian hedgehog signaling pathways are dysregulated, hampering stromal cell priming for decidualization. Uterine transcriptomic analyses also link these causes to perturbations of histone proteins and epigenetic modifiers, as well as adrenomedullin signaling, hyaluronic acid metabolism, and cell senescence. Strikingly, our results also identified genes with significant overlaps with the transcriptome of uteri from aged mice and transcriptomes related to master regulators of decidualization (e.g. Foxo1, Wnt4, Sox17, Bmp2, Egfr and Nr2f2). Our results also implicate accelerated deposition of aging-related fibrillar Type I and III collagens in Sirt1-deficient uteri. Collectively, SIRT1 is an important age-related regulator of invasion and spacing of blastocysts, as well as decidualization of stromal cells.
AlphaKnot: server to analyze entanglement in structures predicted by AlphaFold methods
Authors: Niemyska Wanda , Rubach Pawel , Gren Bartosz A , Nguyen Mai Lan , Garstka Wojciech , Bruno da Silva Fernando , Rawdon Eric J , Sulkowska Joanna I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
AlphaKnot is a server that measures entanglement in AlphaFold-solved protein models while considering pLDDT confidence values. AlphaKnot has two main functions: (i) providing researchers with a webserver for analyzing knotting in their own AlphaFold predictions and (ii) providing a database of knotting in AlphaFold predictions from the 21 proteomes for which models have been published prior to 2022. The knotting is defined in a probabilistic fashion. The knotting complexity of proteins is presented in the form of a matrix diagram which shows users the knot type for the entire polypeptide chain and for each of its subchains. The dominant knot types as well as the computed locations of the knot cores (i.e. minimal portions of protein backbones that form a given knot type) are shown for each protein structure. Based mainly on the pLDDT confidence values, entanglements are classified as Knots, Unsure, and Artifacts. The database portion of the server can be used, for example, to examine protein geometry and entanglement-function correlations, as a reference set for protein modeling, and for facilitating evolutional studies. The AlphaKnot server can be found at https://alphaknot.cent.uw.edu.pl/.
Characteristics of children ≤36 months of age with DIPG: A report from the international DIPG registry
Authors: Bartlett Allison L , Lane Adam , Chaney Brooklyn , Escorza Nancy Yanez , Black Katie , Cochrane Anne , Minturn Jane , Bartels Ute , Warren Kathy , Hansford Jordan , Ziegler David , Diez Blanca , Goldman Stewart , Packer Roger , Kieran Mark , DeWire-Schottmiller Mariko , Erker Craig , Monje-Deisseroth Michelle , Wagner Lars , Koschmann Carl , Dorris Kathleen , Shih Chie-Schin , Hassall Tim , Samson Yvan , Fisher Paul , Wang Stacie S , Tsui Karen , Sevlever Gustavo , Zhu Xiaoting , Dexheimer Phillip , Asher Anthony , Fuller Christine , Drissi Rachid , Jones Blaise , Leach James , Fouladi Maryam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Children ≤36 months with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have increased long-term survival (LTS, overall survival (OS) ≥24 months). Understanding distinguishing characteristics in this population is critical to improving outcomes.

Methods
Patients ≤36 months at diagnosis enrolled on the International DIPG Registry (IDIPGR) with central imaging confirmation were included. Presentation, clinical course, imaging, pathology and molecular findings were analyzed.

Results
Among 1183 patients in IDIPGR, 40 were eligible (median age: 29 months). Median OS was 15 months. Twelve patients (30%) were LTS, 3 (7.5%) very long-term survivors ≥5 years. Among 8 untreated patients, median OS was 2 months. Patients enrolled in the registry but excluded from our study by central radiology review or tissue diagnosis had median OS of 7 months. All but 1 LTS received radiation. Among 32 treated patients, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 68.8%, 31.2%, 15.6% and 12.5%, respectively. LTS had longer duration of presenting symptoms (P = .018). No imaging features were predictive of outcome. Tissue and genomic data were available in 18 (45%) and 10 patients, respectively. Among 9 with known H3K27M status, 6 had a mutation.

Conclusions
Children ≤36 months demonstrated significantly more LTS, with an improved median OS of 15 months; 92% of LTS received radiation. Median OS in untreated children was 2 months, compared to 17 months for treated children. LTS had longer duration of symptoms. Excluded patients demonstrated a lower OS, contradicting the hypothesis that children ≤36 months with DIPG show improved outcomes due to misdiagnosis.
Efficacy and safety of extended adjuvant temozolomide compared to standard adjuvant temozolomide in glioblastoma: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Talukdar Riddhijyoti , Kannan Sadhana , Dasgupta Archya , Chatterjee Abhishek , Patil Vijay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
This study was designed to compare outcomes of extended adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) vs standard adjuvant TMZ following radiotherapy (RT) plus concurrent TMZ in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with Cochrane methodology. Only prospective clinical trials randomly assigning adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma after concurrent RT/TMZ to 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ (control arm) or extended (&gt;6 cycles) adjuvant TMZ (experimental arm) were eligible. Primary outcome of interest was overall survival, while progression-free survival and toxicity were secondary endpoints. Hazard ratio (HR) for progression and death with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed for individual primary study and pooled using random-effects model. Toxicity was defined as proportion of patients with ≥grade 3 hematologic toxicity and expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Any P-value &lt;.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Systematic literature review identified five randomized controlled trials comparing standard (6 cycles) vs extended (&gt;6 cycles) adjuvant TMZ in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Outcome data could be extracted from 358 patients from four primary studies. Extended adjuvant TMZ was not associated with statistically significant reduction in the risk of progression (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.61-1.10; P = .18) or death (HR = 0.87, 95% CI:0.60-1.27; P = .48) compared to standard adjuvant TMZ. Grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity though somewhat higher with extended adjuvant TMZ, was not significantly different between the two arms (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 0.83-4.87; P = .12).

Conclusions
There is low-certainty evidence that extended adjuvant TMZ is not associated with significant survival benefit or increased hematologic toxicity in unselected patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma compared to standard adjuvant TMZ.
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines in Preventing Infection, Hospital Admission, and Death: A Historical Cohort Study Using Iranian Registration Data During Vaccination Program
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Heiran Alireza , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Serati Mohammadreza , Habibi Mohammad , Eilami Owrang , Heiran Fatemeh , Moghadami Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
There are some concerns about the effectiveness of the inactivated and vector-based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in real-world settings with the emergence of new mutations, especially variants of concern. Data derived from administrative repositories during mass vaccination campaigns or programs are of interest to study vaccine effectiveness.

Methods
Using 4-repository administrative data linkage, we conducted a historical cohort study on a target population of 1 882 148 inhabitants aged at least 18 years residing in southern Iran.

Results
We estimated a 71.9% [95% confidence interval [CI], 70.7%–73.1%], 81.5% [95% CI, 79.5%–83.4%], 67.5% [95% CI, 59.5%–75.6%], and 86.4% [95% CI, 84.1%–88.8%] hospital admission reduction for those who received the full vaccination schedule of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222, Oxford-AstraZeneca), rAd26-rAd5 (Gam-COVID-Vac, Sputnik V), and BIV1-CovIran (COVIran Barekat) vaccines, respectively. A high reduction in mortality (at least 85%) was observed in all age subgroups of the fully immunized population.

Conclusions
The pragmatic implementation of a vaccination plan including all available vaccine options in the Iranian population was associated with a significant reduction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detected infections as well as hospital admissions and deaths associated with COVID-19.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization After Messenger RNA Vaccination and Variant Breakthrough Infection
Authors: Gaebler Christian , DaSilva Justin , Bednarski Eva , Muecksch Frauke , Schmidt Fabian , Weisblum Yiska , Millard Katrina G , Turroja Martina , Cho Alice , Wang Zijun , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C , Bieniasz Paul D , Hatziioannou Theodora 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants that have greater transmissibility and resistance to neutralizing antibodies has increased the incidence of breakthrough infections. We show that breakthrough infection increases neutralizing antibody titers to varying degrees depending on the nature of the breakthrough variant and the number of vaccine doses previously administered. Omicron breakthrough infection resulted in neutralizing antibody titers that were the highest across all groups, particularly against Omicron.
The Protective Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination on Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19: A Multicenter Study From a Large National Health Research Network
Authors: Zisis Sokratis N , Durieux Jared C , Mouchati Christian , Perez Jamie A , McComsey Grace A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been proven to decrease the severity of acute-phase infection; however, little is known about their effect on postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Methods
Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and minimum age of 18 years with 3-month follow-up postdiagnosis between 21 September 2020 and 14 December 2021 were identified from the TriNetX Research Network platform. The primary outcomes consisted of new-onset or persistent symptoms, new-onset diagnoses, and death and were compared between vaccine and no-vaccine groups.

Results
At baseline, 1 578 719 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were identified and 1.6% (n = 25 225) completed vaccination. After matching, there were no differences (P &gt; .05) in demographics or preexisting comorbidities. At 28 days following COVID-19 diagnosis, the incidence of hypertension was 13.52 per 1000, diabetes was 5.98 per 1000, thyroid disease was 3.80 per 1000, heart disease was 15.41 per 1000, and mental disorders was 14.77 per 1000 in the vaccine cohort. At 90 days following COVID-19 diagnosis, the relative risk of hypertension was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .26–.42), diabetes was 0.28 (95% CI, .20–.38), heart disease was 0.35 (95% CI, .29–.44), and death was 0.21 (95% CI, .16–.27). Differences in both 28- and 90-day risk between the vaccine and no-vaccine cohorts were observed for each outcome, and there was enough evidence (P &lt; .05) to suggest that these differences were attributed to the vaccine.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that COVID-19 vaccine is protective against PASC symptoms, new onset of health conditions, and mortality.