bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis and accommodation for multi-actuator faults of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Liu Zhenbao , Wang Lina , Song Yuecheng , Dang Qingqing , Ma Bodi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a system design scheme of fault detection, isolation, and accommodation algorithms for the actuator fault of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (FW-UAV) by considering system nonlinearity, external disturbance, and multi-actuator faults. The fault diagnosis scheme consists of a comprehensive observer and a bank of fault isolation estimators designed based on the actuator of the FW-UAV. In the diagnosis module, the system model is transformed into two systems by introducing a transformation matrix, so that both the actuator faults and the system disturbance are separated. Then, the concept of equivalent output injection is applied to construct a comprehensive observer to detect the actuator fault and estimate the unknown system disturbance. In the isolation estimation module, a set of sliding mode observers (SMOs) is constructed to isolate the multi-actuator faults, which reveals the fault source precisely. The stability analysis of the proposed SMOs was derived from the solution of linear matrix inequalities. In the event of a fault, the fault estimation provided by the fault diagnosis solution is used to accommodate the fault effects, while maintaining good attitude control and position tracking performance of the FW-UAV. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by the simulation model of de Havilland DHC-2 ‘Beaver’ aircraft in different fault cases.
Combination of NO
x
mode and O3 mode air discharges for water activation to produce a potent disinfectant
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Liu Linbo , Liu Dingxin , Zhu Mengying , Chen Jinkun , Zhang Jingye , Zhang Fugao , Jiang Jianan , Guo Li , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Air plasma is commonly used to treat water for activation or purification, and plasma-activated water (PAW) is a promising green disinfectant that has attracted much attention in recent years. However, either the O3 discharge mode or the NO
x
discharge mode of air plasma lacks efficiency for water activation, mainly due to the low solubility of O3, NO and NO2. The transition process between those two modes could produce high-valence NO
x
such as N2O5 which should be more efficient for water activation, but this process is not easily controlled and water activation by N2O5 has rarely been reported before. In this letter, N2O5 is found to be produced effectively and stably by mixing the effluent gases of a NO
x
mode air plasma, produced by gliding arc discharge, and an O3 mode air plasma, produced by dielectric barrier discharge. The mixed gas rich in N2O5 is found to be very efficient for water activation. A colony-forming unit reduction of nearly 6 logs was achieved for a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus suspension by using PAW treated by the mixed gas, and the high bactericidal effect of the PAW could persist for more than 1 h after the plasma activation. The main reactive species for the bactericidal effect in the PAW are discussed, and the chemical pathways for N2O5 production and its usage for water activation are illustrated.
Assessing the analog/RF and linearity performances of FinFET using high threshold voltage techniques
Authors: Jaisawal Rajeewa Kumar , Rathore Sunil , Kondekar Pravin N , Yadav Sameer , Awadhiya Bhaskar , Upadhyay Pranshoo , Bagga Navjeet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the severe issues of the downscaling of semiconductor devices is the threshold voltage reduction which significantly increases the leakage current. Thus, high threshold voltage (HVT) techniques are required to bring down the leakage hike for improved performances. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the analog/radio frequency (RF) and linearity performances of silicon (Si) FinFET by employing HVT techniques. Using well-calibrated technology computer aided design models, to mitigate the leakage current, we analyzed the following approach to get HVT: (a) increasing channel doping (N
ch′); (b) making drain-side underlap (L
dsu); (c) increasing gate length (L
g′). Two flavors of fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) viz bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) are suitably compared over their baseline counterpart, i.e. without HVTs. A thorough investigation of analog/RF metrics such as transconductance, output resistance, gate capacitance, cut-off frequency, gain-bandwidth, and transconductance-frequency product proves the eminence of bulk-FinFET over its peer SOI-FinFET. In contrast, SOI-FinFET shows merits in intrinsic gain and linearity such as g
m2, g
m3, VIP2, VIP3, IIP3, IMD3, and 1 dB compression point. Thus, HVT techniques are worth analyzing for a FinFET architecture employed in analog/RF applications.
Optical properties of mist CVD grown κ-Ga2O3
Authors: Muazzam Usman Ul , Chavan Prasad S , Muralidharan Rangarajan , Raghavan Srinivasan , Nath Digbijoy N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report on the growth of crystalline κ-Ga2O3 using mist-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on (0001) sapphire. The κ-phase was confirmed using high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) θ-2θ scan and pole figure-scan of (122) reflex, respectively, while an on-axis full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 104 arcsec was measured in symmetric rocking curve scan. Further, the heteroepitaxial film was analyzed using a mosaic crystal model employing reciprocal space maps (RSM) and a series of asymmetric rocking curve scans. A bandgap of 5.1 eV and excitonic binding energy of 85 meV were estimated from absorption measurements. Built-in field, depletion width, and doping density level were extracted from parabolic WKB model fit. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy revealed a defect peak at 329 nm, which was found to be blue-shift with increasing excitation energy, indicating a possible donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transition. Temperature-dependent Current–voltage (I–V) study was performed to extract Schottky barrier height (

Φ

B

) and ideality factor (η), which were found to be correlated with temperature. Photodetectors fabricated on the sample exhibited pure solar-blind characteristics.
Bandgap variation of a locally resonant metamaterial induced by temperature variation and pre-tension in the shape memory alloy resonators
Authors: Yin Chao , Geng Yunhui , Shen Xing , Yang Yang , Fan Siyun , Wang Taoxi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Elastic/acoustic metamaterials with local resonance (LR) arrays have bandgaps that can forbid or suppress the propagation of elastic waves. In this paper, the shape memory alloy (SMA) is utilized in the metamaterial structure to yield variable bandgaps. The relationship between LR bandgap and temperature during heating and cooling is obtained using a metamaterial beam with a periodic array of SMA resonators, and the effect of pre-tension of SMA on the bandgap of this SMA-based metamaterial structure is explored. The experimental results show that the bandgap of this structure varies along with temperature variation. However, as the elastic modulus of SMA varies differently between situations of heating and cooling, such bandgap variation phenomenon differs as well. Additionally, it is concluded that introducing pre-tension in the SMA resonators broadens the variable range of the bandgap during heating although such deformation gradually vanishes due to shape memory effect. It is also verified by simulation that, apart from pre-tension, pre-bending and pre-torsion in the SMA resonators also have significant impact on the bandgap of this structure. Moreover, higher-order bandgaps are observed varying in a similar way as the first-order bandgap, but the entire variation range is more remarkable. By carefully choosing and adjusting the pre-deformation types and parameters, it is possible to manipulate simultaneously both the starting frequency and the width of the bandgap.
Generation of vector beams with different polarization singularities based on metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Danhua , Zhou Changda , Lu Peiyao , Xu Jilian , Yue Zhiyuan , Teng Shuyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In view of wide applications of vector beams and powerful light manipulation ability of metasurfaces, this paper studies the generation of two kinds of vector beams with different polarization singularities based on metasurfaces. One kind of vector beams are the linearly polarized vector beam with uncertain polarization orientation and the other kind of vector beams are the elliptically polarized vector beam with hybrid polarization states with uncertain polarization orientation, ellipticity and handedness. These vector beams can be decomposed into two or more uniform polarization states carrying the spiral phases. The metasurfaces consisting of rotated cross nanoholes are designed to generate vector beams on basis of the decomposition of vector beams and phase modulation of nanoholes. The simulation results verify the availability of the designed metasurfaces and the experiment results validate the generation of two kinds of vector beams. The generation of complex vector beams based on compact metasurfaces can bring more application possibilities of vector beams in classical physics and quantum sciences.
Electrical and structural characteristics of fish skin gelatin as alternative biopolymer electrolyte
Authors: Nadzrin Norlin , Manan Ninie S A , Aziz Shujahadeen B , Kadir Mohd F Z 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article presented new sequences of fish gelatin (FG) as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) impregnated with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and the impact of different amounts of salt on the properties of the formed electrolyte were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the electrolyte containing 25 wt.% NH4NO3 salt to be the most amorphous in nature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that the peak of amide III shifted to a lower wavenumber as salt increased to 25 wt.%, indicating the occurrence of interaction between the salt and polymer. The effect of variation amount of salt on the film morphology was studied using FESEM. The ionic conductivity of the undoped pure FG film at room temperature recorded a maximum value of

1.52
±
0.30

×

10

−
5

S

cm

−
1

at 25 wt.% NH4NO3 and the activation energy dropped to 0.454 eV. All electrolytes showed a linear conductivity-temperature plot at elevated temperatures, indicating that they all follow the Arrhenius rule. All of the electrolytes used in this study are non-Debye type, according to dielectric analysis. The findings provided in this article could help to improve the usage of FG as an alternate source of SPE in electrochemical power sources as a replacement for hazardous electrolytes.
Effects of magnetic field on the evolution of the wave function of a charged particle with an angular momentum
Authors: He Pei-Song , Zhu Yao-Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have calculated the effect of a magnetic field on the evolution of angular momentum eigenfunctions of a charged particle. An additional harmonic potential is supplemented to trap the wave packet. We find the probability density of the wave function is oscillating in the radial direction with a time period determined by the strength of the effective harmonic potential. When the magnetic field is along the z direction, if the initial wave function is an eigenfunction of

L

ˆ

z

, the probability density of the particle remains axis-symmetric. While for the case of an eigenfunction of

L

ˆ

x

, it is anisotropic in the x−y plane and rotates with a time period inverse proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. We also extend the results in a phenomenological way to the case with an external magnetic field that varies harmonically in time.
Super Twisting Nonlinear Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control of Aerodynamic Heat Simulation Heating System Based on Time Delay Estimation
Authors: Lv X D , Zhang G M , Ouyang H M , Gao P , Bai Z Q 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel super twisting nonlinear fractional order sliding mode control (STNFOSMC) method based on time delay estimation (TDE) for Aerodynamic Heat Simulation Heating System (AHSHS). Firstly, based on uncertainties and external disturbances of AHSHS, TDE is an observation. Secondly, the nonlinear function, fractional differentiation and fractional integration are added into the sliding mode surface for improving the control quality of sliding stage, and the super twisting approach rate accelerates the control speed and weakens the chattering phenomenon in the arrival phase. Then, a Lyapunov function is utilized to prove the stability of the control method. Finally, compared with the traditional PID, the superiority of the proposed control method is verified.
Swing Suppression Task in Double-pendulum Tower Cranes Using Robust Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Tian Zheng , Ouyang Huimin , Yu Lili 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In actual applications, tower crane systems are usually suffered from underactuated characteristic, double-pendulum effect, frictions, model uncertainties and disturbances etc. As a result of these problems, the control of tower cranes for accurate positioning and effective swing suppression becomes more difficult. To this end, we propose a robust adaptive sliding mode controller, which has adaptive gains varying by the system tracking error and adaptive terms to compensate the lumped disturbances in all DOF (degrees of freedom). Therefore, the system convergence rate is effectively increased and the disturbances-related factors are suppressed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can handle the actual conditions better.
Application of Game Theory to Decision Making in Green Energy Promotion
Authors: Haitao Qiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the promotion and use of intelligent decision systems, intelligent green energy choice decision systems are also maturing. This paper uses the game theory approach of cost- benefit analysis basic local social and energy environment characteristics to analyse how to balance energy efficiency and economic benefits when choosing green energy by guiding and motivating building owners’ decisions to achieve the best environmental energy economic benefits. This paper uses green roof technology as a case study. Because it not only protects the natural environment and improves human living standards, but also creates economic benefits in many ways, it is important to incorporate such a decision theory into an intelligent decision-making system to improve the efficiency and intelligence of the decision and to provide a realistic proposal for the government to choose subsidies for environmental, economic and social benefits.
Design and Application of a Transient Response Test Module
Authors: Wang Fang , Wu Hesong , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The transient characteristics of low dropout regulator (LDO) are very important to the final imaging effect of mobile phone camera. This design is a test module developed for the transient response test of LDO products. This module is cost-efficient and time-efficient and function-trimmed, and the test results are quantifiable and repeatable which satisfy the needs of transient response test of LDO products. This article describes the test principle of transient response and the hardware design and implementation of transient response module. The validity of such modules shown by the result of a real test of a 1A LDO. More importantly, it points out the details that should be paid attention to in the test process. It provides a reference for IC design engineers and application test engineers, and one can easily build modules according to this paper for practical testing.
A Duration-distance Based Correction Strategy to Improve Cut-in Scenario Experience for Mass Production Adaptive Cruise Systems
Authors: Lu Yong , Yang Diange , Yang Jingning , Guo Jia , He Yichao , Tian He 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The adaptive cruise system needs to meet the acceptance conditions of the vehicle manufacturer before mass production. One of the crucial evaluation scenarios is cut-in, especially when the distance between the target vehicle and the ego vehicle is close and the relative speed has little difference, or the vehicle in front suddenly brakes. In this paper, the desired acceleration and jerk of the adaptive cruise system are calculated using kinematic equations. The ego vehicle reaches the state of the target vehicle after a period of predicted time, where the predicted time is determined by the relative speed and distance between the two vehicles. To improve the subjective experience of the driver in the cut-in scene, the authors propose a fuzzy logic correction strategy based on the duration-distance of the target vehicle, which changes the trend of acceleration by reshaping the jerk. Cut-in simulation and real-vehicle test results show that this strategy can reduce the discomfort caused by rapid acceleration changes to the driver under the premise of ensuring the safety of the ego vehicle.
Substation Defect Detection Network Based on the Attention Model
Authors: Wang Zongzeng , Wang Peiyuan , Wang Yongjun , Yang Peiqiang , Cheng Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Applications of intelligent robot iterative inspection system in substation are attracting extensive interests. The defect detection in inspection system must consider both real-time and accuracy on small database samples. This paper proposes a defect detection network based on the attention model. We combine a triplet attention module with Yolo-v5 network for producing richer representations of defect features, which can improve the accuracy in calculating fast situation. We also give a robust data enhancement mechanism for extending the database. The experiment dataset contains actual images gathering from substation and they are labelled as PASCAL VOC dataset format by safety inspectors with many years of experience. The experiment results can demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy without reducing the real time performance.
Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker with Integrated Self-charging and Current Limiting
Authors: Wang Jun , Pang Sumin , Wu Xin , Zhong Yilin , Kang Qiong , Tao Chuangchuang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of DC power systems in recent years, more stringent requirements have been put forward for the fast reliability of DC circuit breakers. At present, in the medium voltage DC circuit breaker, the mechanical switch commonly uses an external secondary power supply to charge the mechanism drive capacitor, which has the problems of large breaker size and high cost. In this paper, we propose a DC circuit breaker topology that uses short-circuit current to charge the mechanism drive capacitor of the mechanical switch. When the short-circuit current rises, a voltage drop is formed across the series inductor, and this voltage charges the drive capacitor in parallel through a diode, avoiding the use of a secondary power supply to charge the drive capacitor and reducing the complexity of the DC circuit breaker system. The operating principle of the circuit breaker is analysed and the rationality of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation calculations.
Study on Overvoltage Rise Rate Suppression Method for DC Interruption
Authors: Long Chen , Wu Yifei , Yang Yang , Yao Zhaomin , Xiao Yu , Kang Qiong , Zhang Feng , Tao Chuangchuang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
DC circuit breaker is the key equipment for control and protection in the medium and high voltage DC system. Mechanical DC circuit breakers have transient overvoltage in breaking, which may lead to re-breakdown of the breaker or even breaking failure in severe cases. In this paper, the transient overvoltage in the breaking process of typical mechanical DC circuit breakers is studied. An improved topology which can supress the transient voltage is propose. The effect of different capacitance and resistance parameters on weakening the transient voltage is investigated, and the adaptability of the proposed method to different breaking currents is studied.
A Fish Feeding Robot Prototype with a Water Level Control System Using a Proportional – Integral Controller
Authors: Muhammad Abdul Kadir , Dermawan  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a fish feeding robot prototype that equipped with a water level control system for pond use and to propose an effective control scheme for the robot prototype and the water level control system. The system used in this paper consists of a feed storage tank, a feed distribution mechanism, a feed ejection mechanism, an ejector position turning mechanism, a water level control system, a base and a solar panel system for energy sources. The three mechanisms used three DC motors as actuator, respectively. The water level control system used a water pump to pump water out of pond when the level of water exceeds the maximum level limit, and an ultrasonic sensor to measure the level of water in pond. On – Off and proportional – integral (PI) controllers used to control DC motors of the three mechanisms, and the water level control system, respectively. Performances of the robot prototype with the water level control system were examined through laboratory scale experiments. The result of the conducted experiments are presented and discussed.
Synthesis of Asynchronous Control and Synchronization for Multi-Robot System under Finite Horizon Temporal Task
Authors: Xu Ning , Chen Runfeng , Huang Yuchong , Chen Yiting , Li Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel control synthesis method for cooperative multi-robot systems to fulfil a global mission given as linear temporal logic on finite traces (LTLf). Transition systems are used as the form of distributed controllers, such that the robots are driven to act asynchronously and synchronize on shared actions for necessary local coordination. An automated control synthesis method is proposed, which generates provably correct distributed controllers by two steps: (i) synthesizing satisfiable global controllers for the parallel composition of the uncontrolled system, such that the global specification is met; (ii) searching for a decomposable global controller among them over the synchronization scheme to obtain decomposed distributed controllers. The method is integrated into a closed-loop mission execution framework, of which the applicability is demonstrated with a simulation based on ROS.
Influence of Transverse Vibration Amplitude on the Loosening of Bolted Joint by Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Luo Hanwu , Zhang Guoli , Zhang Jie , Shang Xin , Yang Jialun , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A detailed finite element (FE) model of M20 bolted joint is established. Using the FE model, the loosening processes of bolted joint under different transverse vibration amplitude are simulated. The results show that there exists a critical transverse vibration amplitude. When the transverse vibration amplitude is smaller than the critical transverse vibration amplitude, the bolted joint will not loosen. When it is larger than the critical transverse vibration amplitude, the bolted joint will loosen. The larger the transverse vibration amplitude is, the faster the bolted joint loosens. Based on clamping force, nut rotation angle, bolt torsion deformation and slip of thread contact surface, the mechanism of the influence of transverse vibration amplitude on the loosening of the bolted joint is analyzed.