bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carasil and htra1: an early adulthood syndrome
Authors: Samuel Sneha Susan , Mishra Bharat , Shajeef Nadheem Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Cerebral Autosomal Recessive Arteriopathy Subcortical Infracts Leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL), is an autosomal recessive disorder inherited by two copies of an abnormal gene from some trait, one from each parent. Person with this disorder may have a change in deep white matter in brain; and this disorder can be characterized by damage to small blood vessels in brain. Increasing muscle tone, slurred speech, stiff movement of legs, gait disturbance, spondylosis, sparse hair are the major symptoms. But the ultimate cause of this disorder can lead to loss of memory, cognitive impairment. This disorder can be caused in early adulthood i.e., between 20-40 years of age. CARASIL has first reported in Japan, later occurred in China and Caucasian population. A neurological disorder named Binswanger’s disease (BD) and chronic immunological disorder multiple sclerosis are main different alternation of this disease. Mutation requires the high temperature resultant, A serine peptidase 1 causes CARASIL, so it is a serine protease.
Serine protease HTRA1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by HTRA1 gene. HTRA1 protein is composed of four distinct protein domains. This is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 10 in a region known as 10q26. This protein is a secreted enzyme that is proposed to regulate the availability of insulin like growth factors (IGF) by cleaving IGF binding proteins. HTRA1 enzyme helps breakdown many other kinds of proteins in this space surrounding cells (extracellular matrix). This is attached to protein in Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-beta) and slows down their ability to send chemical signals. Variant known as rs11200638 is found in an area of gene called promoter region which starts the production HTRA1 enzyme. It is unclear how of polymorphism in the HTRA1 gene might be an age-related macular degeneration.
So at last, we can conclude that CARASIL is related to brain inherited from the abnormal genes caused to small arteries and to the specific area of deep brain in higher function; tissue loss due to lack of oxygen where small arteries get blocked destruction to myelin an oily substance covers and protects the nerve fibers in CNS.
Validitas Instrumen Soal Literasi Numerasi Kimia Hidrokarbon dalam Integrasinya dengan Isu Sosiosaintifik Lokal Sikka
Authors: M.A Yohanita Nirmalasari  , Oktavius Yoseph Tuta Mago  , Irene Lete Manuk  
Published: December 2022

Kemampuan peserta didik memahami dan menerapkan pengetahuan kimia dan inovasinya dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan di masyarakat dinamakan literasi kimia. Numerasi sebagai bagian yang tidak dipisahkan atau beririsan dengan literasi. Capaian literasi sains dunia umumnya masih rendah, begitu pun dengan literasi kimia. Pada tingkat kabupaten Sikka belum ditemukan adanya data kemampuan literasi dan numerasi kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan prestasi literasi dan numerasi kimia peserta didik terkhususnya di wilayah Kabupaten Sikka melalui usulan terobosan penerapan isu sosiosaintifik dalam desain instrumen soal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah research and development. Metodenya, modifikasi Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER), meliputi: analisis struktur konten, desain instrumen soal, uji lapangan (expert review). Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket validasi dan butir soal uraian. Analisis data validasi menggunakan Formula Aiken. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 6 orang expert review. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah rerata nilai kevalidan dengan skor 0.872 dan soal tergolong valid.
Paparan Suara yang Diperlakukan pada Tanah dan Air terhadap Populasi Mikroba dan P Tersedia Tanah
Authors: Munar Asritanarni , Bangun Imam Hartono , Kurniawan Hazen Arrazie , Lubis Efrida , Hasibuan Wilda Rina 
Published: December 2022

Suara sebagai faktor lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan di alam, baik makro maupun mikro, berbagai suara juga dapat mempengaruhi bentuk kristal air, seperti penelitian seorang ilmuwan dari Jepang Prof. Dr. Masaru Emoto terhadap air. Diketahui bahwa komponen ideal tanah mineral diantaranya terdiri dari 25% air dan 5% kandungan bahan organik, yang kehidupan tanah ada di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan populasi total mikroba dan P tersedia dalam tanah yang diperdengarkan suara dan diberi air yang diperlakukan suara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium ilmu tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah suara murotal (S) dengan 2 taraf, yaitu S0 = tanpa suara murotal dan S1 = dengan suara murotal. Anak petak adalah air yang diperlakukan, terdiri dari A0 = Air tanpa diperdengarkan suara, A1 = Air yang diperdengarkan suara murotal, A2 = Air yang diperdengarkan suara kasar. Parameter yang diukur adalah populasi total mikroba tanah dan kandungan P tersedia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan suara secara utuh dapat meningkatkan P tersedia tanah secara signifikan dari 77,1 ppm menjadi 86,7 ppm (11,07%).
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt L.) terhadap Pupuk Organik Cair Asal Limbah Buahan dan NPK di Lahan Kering
Authors: Amir Nurbaiti , Marlina Neni , Palmasari Berliana , Aluyah Cik , Aminah Iin Siti , Rompas Joni Phillep , Rohman Nur 
Published: December 2022

Lahan kering memiliki produktivitas tanah yang rendah (pH dan kandungan unsur hara yang rendah), namun berpotensi dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis, diantaranya dengan pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC) asal limbah buahan dan anorganik. Diharapkan POC dapat menyumbangkan unsur hara dan dapat mengefisienkan pupuk NPK pada tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi POC asal limbah buahan yang tepat dalam mengefisienkan pupuk NPK serta meningkatkan produksi jagung manis. Penelitian lapangan ini dilakukan di lahan milik petani yang terletak di jalan Sukarela, Kelurahan Kebun Bunga, Kecamatan Sukarami, Km 7 Palembang Sumatera Selatan dari bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2000. Tata letak di lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dengan 12 kombinasi yang diulang 3 kali. Sebagai petak utama: POC asal limbah buahan: tanpa, 10, 20 dan 30 mL.L-1 air. Sebagai anak petak: Pupuk NPK: 100, 300 dan 500 kg.ha-1. Produksi terbaik dicapai pada penggunaan POC asal limbah buahan 20 mL.L-1 air dan pupuk NPK 300 kg.ha-1, yang meningkatkan hasil 36,23% bila dibandingkan tanpa POC dan pupuk NPK 100 kg.ha-1 dan mengefisienkan pupuk NPK sebesar 200%.
Respon Ketahanan Tanaman Bayam Merah dengan Induser Limbah Media Tanam Jamur Merang terhadap Serangan P.xylostella
Authors: Yusidah Ida , Nurirhani Pebriyanti 
Published: December 2022

Bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dibandingkan dengan jenis bayam lainnya. Produksi tanaman bayam merah dapat mengalami penurunan produksi akibat kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama P.xylostella. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan serangan hama P. xylostella adalah dengan pemanfaatan bahan organik. Limbah media tanam jamur merang adalah salah satu bahan organik yang berperan sebagai pupuk dan sebagai agen pengendali hama tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan cara aplikasi limbah media jamur tanam merang sebagai induser dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman bayam merah terhadap serangan P. xylostella. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai April 2021 di Geen house Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan skala in vivo dengan 5 perlakuan (A) Kontrol tanpa limbah media jamur merang dan tanpa P.xylostella, (B) Kontrol tanpa limbah media jamur merang + investasi P. xylostella, (C) Limbah media jamur merang cair 50 ml + investasi P. xylostella, (D) Limbah media jamur merang padat 20 g + investasi P. xylostella, (E) Limbah media jamur merang cair 50 ml + 20g + investasi P. xylostella. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mortalitas P. xylostella yang terjadi mencapai 96-98%, dan intensitas kerusakan tanaman 1,04%. Cara aplikasi terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan E (padat dan cair) terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan bobot brangkasan basah.
Identifikasi Mikroba Rizosfer Penghasil Hormon Pertumbuhan pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Murniati Andi , Tahir Darma , Tahir Rahmawati 
Published: December 2022

Permasalahan utama yang sering dihadapi oleh petani di Kecamatan Mare pada tanaman padi adalah serangan hama, penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang sering petani temui adalah penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Rhizoctonia solani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis bakteri filosfer mikroba yang ada di rhizosfer dan jenis bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan hormon tertinggi pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Mare Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 tahun di Kecamatan Mare Kabupaten Bone dan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman Universitas Hasanuddin di Makassar. Tahapan penelitian pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Kecamatan Mare, Kabupaten Bone dengan cara menentukan terlebih dahulu jarak pengambilan sampel pada setiap lokasi. Kemudian mengambil sampel tanah rizosfer yang menempel pada akar tanaman padi sebanyak 10 g. Sampel yang telah diambil dimasukkan kedalam plastic clip dan diberi label sebagai penanda setiap sampel, Isolasi mikroba tanah rizosfer, pemurnian dilakukan untuk memperoleh biakan dengan cara memindahkan satu koloni mikroba yang tumbuh pada media PDB baru dengan menggunakan cock bohrer dan jarum preparat, selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan populasi dan identifikasi mikroba rizosfer menghasilkan IAA secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tumbuhnya mikroba pada media dan hasil identifikasi yang diperoleh selama pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh cendawan endofit memiliki keragaman yang tinggi yang mampu menghasilkan hormon pemacu pertumbuhan seperti IAA dan GA yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi di Kecamatan Mare.
Analisis Perputaran Modal Kerja Dan Perputaran Piutang Dalam Menilai Return On Invesment Pada PT. Semen Batu Raja.Tbk Periode Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Yulianingsih Ria , Hamid Edison , Hastori  
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine working capital turnover and receivables turnover in assessing return on investment (ROI) at PT. Semen Batu Raja, Tbk. This research is a three-variable research using descriptive qualitative research methods. Namely, the independent variable is the turnover of working capital and receivables turnover and the dependent variable is the return on investment, (ROI) data obtained by documentation and library techniques. Data analysis using case studies (non-hypothesis). Based on the results of the analysis of working capital turnover at PT. Semen Batu Raja, Tbk for the last five years, namely the 2016-2020 period, an average of 3.68 times according to industry standards, is quite good, and receivables turnover for the last 5 years is an average of 4.58 times in the bad category, while the return on investment (ROI) of 2.18% is in the poor category. Based on the analysis of working capital turnover in assessing return on investment (ROI) contributed 6.62% and receivables turnover in assessing return on investment (ROI) contributed 12.40% and working capital turnover and receivables turnover at PT. Semen Batu Raja Tbk for the last five years together obtained an average contribution of 19.02% and the rest contributed from other factors not examined in this study.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran piutang dalam menilai return on investment (ROI) pada PT. Semen Batu Raja, Tbk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tiga variabel dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Yaitu variabel bebas adalah perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran piutang dan variabel terikatnya adalah return on investment, (ROI) data diperoleh dengan teknik dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Analisis data menggunakan studi kasus (nonhipotesis). Berdasarkan hasil analisis perputaran modal kerja pada PT. Semen Batu Raja, Tbk selama lima tahun terakhir yaitu periode 2016-2020 rata-rata 3,68 kali menurut standar industri cukup baik, dan perputaran piutang selama 5 tahun terakhir rata-rata 4,58 kali buruk kategori sedang, sedangkan return on investment (ROI) sebesar 2,18% termasuk dalam kategori kurang baik. Berdasarkan analisis perputaran modal kerja dalam menilai return on investment (ROI) memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6,62% dan perputaran piutang dalam menilai return on investment (ROI) memberikan kontribusi sebesar 12,40% dan perputaran modal kerja dan perputaran piutang pada PT. Semen Batu Raja Tbk selama lima tahun terakhir secara bersama-sama memperoleh rata-rata kontribusi sebesar 19,02% dan sisanya merupakan kontribusi dari faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Incidence of Acute Hypertension with Sevoflurane and Propofol during Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation In Normotensive Patients
Authors: Khan Adil , Khan Abdullah , Yousaf Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The present study was designed to assess the comparison of frequency of acute hypertension with sevoflurane and propofol during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in normotensive patients in general operation theater (OT).
METHODOLOGY:
This was a four months duration cross-sectional study during which a total of 110 patients of both the genders were recruited. The patients were divided into two groups i.e. group A receiving propofol consisted of 30 male and 25 female patients and group B receiving sevoflurane also consisted of 30 male and 25 female patients. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded four times as pre-induction values, T1 (1 minute after laryngoscopy), T2 (3 minutes after laryngoscopy) and T3 (5 minutes after laryngoscopy).
RESULTS:
Pre-induction systolic blood pressure (SBP) was normal in both the groups. The SBP in both the groups A and B were acutely increased in T1 while it decreased in T2 and became normal in T3 in both the groups. Pre-induction diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was normal in both the groups. The DBP was acutely increased in T1, decreased in T2 and became normal in T3 in both the groups.
CONCLUSION:
These results show that both the drugs sevoflurane and propofol can cause severe hypertension soon after laryngoscopy and caution should be taken during laryngoscopy/ endotracheal intubation.
Diabetic Foot Infection Due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Peshawar
Authors: Zeeshane Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diabetic foot infection due to pseudomonas aeruginosa in Peshawar.
METHODOLOGY:
A tenth month study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from April 2019 to February 2020. All diabetic foot patients, admitted at surgical ward with outpatients were also enrolled in the study. The study was conducted on 109 patients with both genders.
RESULTS:
The result of male to female ratio was equal. Out of 109, fifty-five (55) were male and fifty-four (54) were female. A total of 109 bacteria were isolated from those patients. Age ranges from 40 years to 85 years. All 109 patients is present with 1 pathogen, none of it is present with multiple pathogen. Gram-positive organisms were found only in 37 (32%) patients, while other are grams negative. Staphylococcus aureus was most prominent isolated bacteria in 37 (32%) patients, followed by E.coli 29 (27%), enterobacter 20 (18%), pseudomonas 12 (11%), citrobacter species 12 (11%), and proteus species in 01 (01%) patient.
CONCLUSION:
This study concluded that Staphylococcus is most dominant gram-positive organism isolated about 32%, followed by other gram-negative organism. Patient ages between 51-60 were most in number i.e. 43 out of 109. The mean age is 54±5.
KEYWORDS: Staphylococcus, Gram-positive, E. coli, Bacteria, Antibiotics
Spinal Anesthesia (SA) and Patient Satisfaction in Cesearan Section (CS); A Comparative Study
Authors: Pervez Tanzila 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine satisfaction of the mothers regarding SA for CS in elective and emergency procedures at District head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Karak.
METHODOLOGY:
It is a cross-sectional study conducted on 175 female patients were selected who had CS under SA through elective and emergency procedure regarding their satisfaction at DHQ Hospital Karak. The time duration was from December 01st 2019 - March 31st, 2020. Data was collected through a constructed questionnaire with consent of these patients. Data was entered in SPSS version 26 and was analyzed using chi-square test.
RESULTS:
A total of 175 patients were selected in the study. The overall satisfaction of SA for CS divided into 111 (63.4%) of patient were satisfied with elective CS with the chi-square test value of 8.10. Furthermore, the backpain was associated with both the procedures and were showing increase from average age 20-24 years (29.5%) and (69.2%) for 30-34 years, simultaneously. The results showed significance of p-value 0.001for post-operative back pain.
CONCLUSION:
It was concluded that the patient had better experience with the elective procedure rather than emergency procedure. The pain was also a factor that was involved in provoking the symptoms (pain, nausea) that have negatively affecting patient perspectives about SA for CS.
KEYWORDS: Spinal Anesthesia(SA), Patient Satisfaction, Caesarean Section(CS), Technique
Revival of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Districts of KP Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Inayat ur 
Published: December 2022

A neglected tropical disease “Leishmaniasis” is still a threat to people residing in the southern districts of KP. The protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania is the causative agent which is transmitted by female sand fly. Sand flies become infected by sucking blood from an infected animal or person. People might not realize that sand flies are present because of smaller size, noiseless and painless bite. Sand flies usually are most active in twilight, evening, and night-time hours (from dusk to dawn).
There are three main forms of Leishmaniasis; cutaneous Leishmaniasis, visceral Leishmaniasis and mucosal Leishmaniasis. Of these, cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the most common form. It affects the skin and mucous membranes. Clinical manifestations range from skin sores to systemic multiorgan disease. Cutaneous symptoms may appear a few weeks after being bitten by an infected sand fly. However, sometimes symptoms won't appear for months or years. The sores can change in size and appearance over time. The sores may start out as papules (bumps) or nodules (lumps) and may end up as ulcers (like a volcano, with a raised edge and central crater); skin ulcers might be covered by scab or crust. Tissue specimens [skin sores] can be examined for the parasite under a microscope, in special cultures, and by molecular tests.
The lack of information and facilities about the disease [diagnosis/treatment] lead to the spread of infection at an alarming rate in this region. Huge migration of people from boarder areas between Pakistan and Afghanistan due to terrorism and economic conditions contributed a lot to the spread of infection. According to recent reports, the prevalence of the disease is much higher in these areas compared to it prevalence in district Peshawar. This high prevalence is attributed to the close relationship of peoples with animals, frequent utilization of animal dungs and contaminated woods as a fuel and no use of disinfectants. The lack of a commercially available vaccines, the lack of access to therapy and limited local resources are among the main contributing factors for the spread of infection.
Public health activities including knowledge of infection and methods of control [limiting close contact with animals, wearing of full sleeves shirt & use of bed nets] can play a substantial role in controlling the spread of the disease. In general, prevention and control measures must be tailored to the local setting. Control measures against sand fly vectors or animal reservoir hosts might be an effective tool.
Antibiogram Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Human Nails
Authors: Farooq Sidra , Zoreen Aqdas , Ishaq Muhammad Saqib , Ilyas Moin ud Din , Sohail Muhammad , Khan Amjad , Ullah Faheem 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to isolate bacteria from human nails of public of Peshawar and perform antibiogram analysis of isolated bacterial species.
METHODOLOGY
For this study, a total of 25 samples were collected from nails of students of Abasyn University, Peshawar. These samples were cultured on Nutrient agar, Eosin Methyl Blue dye agar and Mannitol Salt agar and were identified by Catalase, Oxidase, Triple Sugar Iron, Citrate, and Indole tests.
RESULTS
It was found that 60% of collected hand samples were contaminated with 47% Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 53% Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antibiogram analysis showed that the most potent antibiotic for E. coli and S. aureus was Ciprofloxacin (22mm and 26mm respectively) while less effective antibiotic was Cefixime having zone of inhibitions 13mm for E. coli and 10mm for S. aureus.
CONCLUSION
The results concluded that mostly the human nails are contaminated due to environmental factors and thus, require good hygienic practices to prevent different transmission of different infection.
Utilization of Dental Services by the Female Population in Rural Areas; A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Haya Taukeer , Qayyum Naila , Mustajab Tamanna 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to gain an insight into all those factors that facilitate and prevent patients from seeking dental treatments on time.
METHODOLOGY
A structured closed-ended questionnaire was filled with detailed information obtained from 215 female patients who visited the dental out-patient department with different dental ailments and was analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Also, the post-stratification chi-square test was applied to check the significance of all the comparative statistics. P-value <0.05 or = to 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
A total of 215 females of age ranged from 20 to 60 years, with the largest group of respondents aged between 20 to 25 years (42%), 40 and above (38%). The most common reasons for not seeking dental treatments were, fear of pain (51%), the disease was not severe (46.9%), Fear of infectious disease (37.8%), high dental costs (28.6%), non-availability of female dentists (26.5%), economic issues (21.4%), lengthy appointments (20.4%), cost of transportation (15.3%).
CONCLUSION
Our results concluded that only a small portion of females visited a dentist when the symptoms first appeared. There was a misconception that dental disease could be cured with over-the-counter medications also enough services, professional staff and a hygienic environment are not provided at the hospital and private treatments are charged more, which prevents them from visiting Dental health facilities. Hence dental awareness programs are required to be implemented and Government is required to fulfil these unmet basic facilities.