bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Kanamori Sally , Nishikawa Kanto , Matsui Masafumi , Tanabe Shingo 
Published: August 2022

Background
Hynobius hirosei is a lotic-breeding salamander endemic to Shikoku Island in western Japan. Significant allozymic and morphological differences have been found among the populations of this species; however, the degree and pattern of intraspecific variation have not been surveyed using a sufficient number of samples.

Methods
For the taxonomic revision of H. hirosei, we conducted genetic and morphological surveys using samples collected throughout the distribution. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA and population structure analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms were conducted to evaluate the population structure within the species and the degree of genetic differentiation. Subsequently, a morphological survey based on multivariate and univariate analyses was performed to assess the morphological variation.

Results
Genetic analyses revealed three genetic groups (Tsurugi, Central, and Nanyo) within H. hirosei, with the Nanyo group distributed allopatrically from the others, and the Tsurugi and Central groups distributed parapatrically with the formation of a hybrid zone between them. The Nanyo group was morphologically distinguishable from the remaining samples, including the topotype of H. hirosei, based on a smaller body size and several ratio values of characters to snout-vent length, longer axilla-groin distance, shorter tail length, shorter internarial distance, longer upper eyelid length, and larger medial tail width. These results support the notion that the Nanyo group is an undescribed species. However, the remaining genetically differentiated groups could not be divided in the present study. Herein, we described the Nanyo group as a new species.
Automated Transit Dissected: An Overview of Lawrence J. Fabian’s Writings
Authors: D. Cottrell Wayne 
Published: August 2022

Lawrence J. Fabian (1945-2020) shared his expertise in automated public transportation, during a 40-year career, through his voluminous writings. He defined automated transit as large, driverless vehicles operating on guide ways, with the primary potential benefit of high-frequency service. One of his products was an annual, worldwide list of automated people movers (APMs). The first, from the early 1980s, featured 20 operating lines. By the 2000s, there were over 100 – today, there are over 200. He introduced three APM classifications: architectural, institutional, and mass transit. Architectural APMs operate within a single entity, such as an amusement park or airport. Institutional APMs serve large developments, such as a resort center or district. Mass transit APMs operate in an urban context. While his early APM lists were 50% architectural, 25% institutional, and 25% mass transit, there was a shift toward mass transit applications, particularly in Europe and Asia. But, urban APM applications in the U.S. stalled after federal involvement during the 1970s and 1980s. Fabian bemoaned the U.S. stagnation, while praising innovation and progress worldwide, noting the now-numerous driverless metros. He suggested that private sector involvement might bring about more urban APMs in the U.S. A case study of the Las Vegas Monorail indicates, though, that it is difficult to keep a transit system afloat in the U.S. without government subsistence. Another federal boost for driverless transit, now over 40 years since the Downtown People Mover Program, may be needed to bring U.S. urban APM use on par with that overseas. Minus this, the APM industry is nevertheless strong worldwide.
Association Between Medicaid Managed Care Coverage of Substance Use Services and Treatment Utilization
Authors: Auty Samantha G. , Cole Megan B. , Wallace Jacob 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceMedicaid insures a disproportionate share of adults with substance use disorder (SUD) and is thus uniquely positioned to facilitate access to care. Many enrollees receive coverage through Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans, which receive capitated payments in exchange for coverage of a defined set of benefits. Historically, coverage of substance use services has been carved out of MMC plans and financed fee-for-service (FFS) by state Medicaid programs, but in recent years, many states have opted to carve in this benefit. Little is known about whether MMC coverage of substance use services, relative to FFS coverage, is associated with changes in utilization.ObjectiveTo examine the association between changes in MMC coverage of substance use services and admissions for substance use treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined changes in admissions for substance use treatment in 2 states after coverage of substance use services was either carved into (Nebraska) or carved out of (Maryland) comprehensive MMC coverage. Synthetic control methods were used to compare changes in admissions between states that did and did not alter MMC coverage of substance use services. Data on substance use treatment admissions were obtained from the Treatment Episode Data Set—Admissions from 2010 to 2019.ExposuresCarve-outs or carve-ins of coverage for both inpatient and outpatient substance use services from comprehensive MMC coverage.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReported substance use treatment admissions per 100 000 residents and admissions by treatment type (ie, rehabilitation or residential, outpatient, and detoxification) per 100 000 residents.ResultsMaryland’s carve-out was associated with an additional mean 787.1 (95% CI, 624.6-1141.7) substance use admissions per 100 000 residents during 2015 and 2016, a relative increase of 104.4% (95% CI, 64.4%-154.1%) compared with its synthetic control. This increase was concentrated among changes in outpatient services utilization. In Nebraska, the carve-in was associated with a mean decrease of 97.2 (95% CI, −23.4 to 213.6) admissions per 100 000 residents, a relative decrease of 33.2% (95% CI, −54.1% to 29.6%) compared with its synthetic control and was concentrated primarily among admissions for detoxification services.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cross-sectional study suggest that carving out coverage of substance use services and financing them through FFS coverage may be associated with overall increases in treatment utilization but with heterogeneous associations across states and treatment types.
Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Falls Prevention Programs in Primary Health Care Settings in China
Authors: Ye Pengpeng , Jin Ye , Er Yuliang , Yin Xuejun , Yao Yao , Li Bingqin , Zhang Jing , Ivers Rebecca , Keay Lisa , Duan Leilei , Tian Maoyi 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceFalls have become a major public health issue in China with population aging. Although falls prevention for older community-dwelling people has been included in the National Essential Public Health Service Package since 2009, there is limited understanding of the implementation of this program.ObjectiveTo identify the associated factors and provide recommendations to inform the better implementation of falls prevention in the Chinese primary health care system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study was conducted in 3 purposively selected cities in China from March 1 to June 7, 2021. Health administrators from the local health commission or bureau, staff members from local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and primary health care facilities and community-dwelling older people were recruited, using a combination of purposive sampling and snowball sampling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn-depth interviews were conducted with health administrators and focus groups with other participants. Data analysis followed the guidance of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Study outcomes included facilitators and barriers of implementing falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care settings. A framework with recommendations was developed to inform the future intervention implementation.ResultsAmong a total of 130 participants interviewed, 77 (59.2%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 47.4 (16.7) years. Clear recognition of the challenges and benefits of falls prevention, adaptive regionally tailored guidance plans, and continuous governmental policy and financial support were the major facilitators, whereas the major barriers consisted of insufficient confidence in delivering interventions and poor understanding of the falls burden, low recognition of the importance of falls prevention, limited multisectoral collaboration, and weak financial incentives. A 7-strategy embedded framework—including data-driven surveillance, audit and feedback, implementation strategy, workforce strengthening, community empowerment, internal services integration, and external enabling environment—was developed to foster successful implementation.Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study identified major facilitators and barriers to the implementation of falls prevention for older people at the primary care level, which have the potential to contribute to better implementation of falls prevention for older people in the Chinese primary health care system.
Association of hairdressing with cancer and reproductive diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Babić Željka , Macan Marija , Franić Zrinka , Hallmann Sarah , Havmose Martin S , Johansen Jeanne D , John Swen M , Symanzik Cara , Uter Wolfgang , Weinert Patricia , van der Molen Henk F , Kezic Sanja , Turk Rajka , Macan Jelena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To review recent epidemiological studies investigating carcinogenic or reprotoxic effects among hairdressers who seem to be at greater risk for systemic adverse effects of chemicals released from hair care products than consumers.

Methods
A systematic review according to the PRISMA-P guidelines was performed and included studies published from 2000 to August 2021, in which cancer or adverse reproductive effects were diagnosed in 1995 and onward. Data were synthetized qualitatively due to the small number of studies, heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes, and methods.

Results
Four studies investigating cancer frequencies and six studies investigating effects on reproduction among hairdressers were identified. All were of good quality and with low risk of bias. Only one of the four studies found an increased risk of cancer reporting nine times higher odds for bladder cancer in hairdressers than the population-based controls. Three other studies investigating bladder and lung cancer, and non-Hodgins lymphoma did not find an increased risk in hairdressers. Regarding reprotoxic effects, numerous outcomes were investigated including menstrual disorders, congenital malformations, fetal loss, small-for-gestational age newborns, preterm delivery, and infertility. Increased risk was found for ventricular septal defect in newborns of fathers working as hairdressers. Furthermore, several indices of poor neonatal or maternal health were significantly associated with mothers working as hairdresser.

Conclusions
Despite the scarce evidence that hairdressers are at increased risk of carcinogenic or reprotoxic effects related to their trade, such health risks cannot be ruled out. Therefore, preventive efforts to diminish occupational exposures to hairdressing chemicals should be targeted.
More young adults using marijuana than ever before
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: August 2022

The Monitoring the Future (MTF) study released last week by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) found that marijuana use has reached historic highs among young adults ages 19 to 30 years old, with 29% using marijuana in the past 30 days, and 43% using it in the past year; 10.8% used it on a daily or near daily basis (more than 20 days in the past 30 days). The study uses self‐reports; most recent data is from 2021.
Low Concentration Electrolyte Enabling Cryogenic Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chu Fulu , Wang Meng , Liu Jiamin , Guan Zengqiang , Yu Huanyu , Liu Bin , Wu Feixiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur chemistry suffers from poor conversion reaction kinetics, causing low‐capacity utilization of sulfur cathodes, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, based on low‐cost and abundant commercial sulfur particles directly, a low concentration electrolyte (LCE, 0.1 m) is employed to accelerate lithium–sulfur conversion reaction at low temperatures, demonstrating a broad applicability of this approach. Compared to conventional concentration (1.0 m) electrolytes, the proposed LCE successfully enhances conversion kinetics from Li2S4 to Li2S and restrains shuttle effects of polysulfides, resulting in higher capacity utilizations and more stable cycle performance at 0 and −20 °C. Further interfacial chemistry analyses on cycled electrodes reveal that a hybrid surface layer dominated by organic species as well as some favorable inorganics is constructed in the LCE, demonstrating smaller surface layer resistance. In situ EIS measurements at 0 °C and CV tests reveal main differences of electrode kinetics in 0.1 and 1 m electrolytes, further explaining the differences in working mechanism of two electrolytes. These findings elucidate the roles of LCEs on realizing faster kinetics for cryogenic lithium–sulfur batteries and provide a simple, low‐cost, and widely applicable pathway for achieving high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries under extreme conditions.
Regulating Electronic Conductivity at Cathode Interface for Low‐Temperature Halide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Deng Sixu , Jiang Ming , Chen Ning , Li Weihan , Zheng Matthew , Chen Weifeng , Li Ruying , Huang Huan , Wang Jiantao , Singh Chandra Veer , Sun Xueliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHalide solid‐state batteries (SSBs) show unparalleled application potential because of their outstanding advantages, such as high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with cathodes. However, operating halide SSBs under freezing temperatures faces big challenges, and the underlying degradation mechanisms are unclear. Herein, the impact of electronic conductivity in low‐temperature halide SSBs is investigated by designing different additives in the composite cathode. It is shown that the electrochemical stability of a halide electrolyte (Li3InCl6) with additives is significantly affected by the degree of electronic conductivity as well as the ambient operational temperature. When the ambient temperatures are below freezing point, the moderate electronic conductivity in the composite cathode is beneficial toward improving the charge transfer kinetics without inducing the decomposition of Li3InCl6. The electrode materials (LiCoO2 cathode and Li3InCl6 electrolytes) show excellent structural and interfacial stability during electrochemical reactions, resulting in a competitive performance at low temperatures. Stable long‐term cycling performance with a capacity retention of 89.2% after 300 cycles is achieved along with a C‐rate capacity of 77.6 mAh g–1 (0.6 C) at −10 °C. This in‐depth study investigates the role of electronic conductivity, which opens the door to future research on low‐temperature SSBs.
3D Printed Graphene Piezoresistive Microelectromechanical System Sensors to Explain the Ultrasensitive Wake Tracking of Wavy Seal Whiskers
Authors: Zheng Xingwen , Kamat Amar M. , Krushynska Anastasiia O. , Cao Ming , Kottapalli Ajay Giri Prakash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany marine animals perform fascinating survival hydrodynamics and perceive their surroundings through optimally evolved sensory systems. For instance, phocid seal whiskers have undulations that allow them to resist noisy self‐induced vortex‐induced vibrations (VIV) while locking their vibration frequencies to wakes generated by swimming fishes. In this study, fully 3D‐printed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors with high gauge factor graphene nanoplatelets piezoresistors are developed to explain the exquisite sensitivity of whisker‐inspired structures to upstream wakes. The sensors are also used to measure natural frequencies of excised harbor (Phoca vitulina) and grey (Halichoerus grypus) seal whiskers and determine the effect of whisker orientation on the VIV, which can explain the possible natural orientation of whiskers during active hunting. Experimental investigations conducted in a recirculating water flume show that whisker‐inspired sensors successfully sense an upstream wake located up to 10× the whisker diameter by locking to the frequency of the wake generator, thus mimicking the sensing mechanism of the seal whisker. The combination of VIV reduction and frequency‐locking with the upstream wake generator demonstrates the whisker‐inspired sensor's high signal‐to‐noise ratio, indicating its efficiency in long‐distance wake sensing as well as its potential as an alternative to visual and acoustic sensors in underwater robots.
Synergetic Chemo‐Piezodynamic Therapy of Osteosarcoma Enabled by Defect‐Driven Lead‐Free Piezoelectrics
Authors: Wang Shidong , Chen Chenglong , Wang Juan , Li Chen‐Bo‐Wen , Zhou Jinling , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Jiang Yu‐Qi , Zhu Lifeng , Li Chao , Gong Wen , Guo Wei , Tang Xiaodong , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Wang Ke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a lethal malignancy of the bone, jeopardizing the life of an enormous population worldwide. There are grand ongoing challenges to improve overall patient survival. Herein, a synergetic chemo‐piezodynamic therapy by defect‐engineered lead‐free piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) is reported, which can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to effectively circumvent OS. Significant anti‐tumor effects in human OS cells, and xenograft OS models are observed that almost stop the growth of the tumors after treatment with KNN because of oxygen vacancies‐driven free radical catalysis (namely, the chemodynamic therapy), and those effects are enhanced after introducing ultrasonic vibration enabled by the ultrasound‐triggered piezocatalysis (piezodynamic therapy). Moreover, it is found that KNN induces apoptosis and autophagy of OS cells and shows good histocompatibility on evaluation in mouse models, which has no killing effect on normal cells and no toxic effects on organs in vivo. Both in vitro cellular level evaluation and in vivo OS xenograft assessment have demonstrated that injectable KNN nanocrystals induce cytotoxicity and tumor eradication by the synergy of chemo‐piezocatalytic effects. This study opens an avenue for customized design of high‐tech nanocatalysts by integrating synergetic catalytic effects for therapeutic applications in tumor healthcare.
A Bilayer Membrane Doped with Struvite Nanowires for Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhu Yuwei , Zhou Jianpeng , Dai Bingyang , Liu Wei , Wang Jiangpeng , Li Quan , Wang Jun , Zhao Lei , Ngai To 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGuided bone regeneration (GBR) therapy demonstrates a prominent curative effect on the management of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. In this study, a GBR membrane consisting of a microporous layer and a struvite‐nanowire‐doped fibrous layer is constructed via non‐solvent induced phase separation, followed by an electrospinning procedure to treat critical‐sized calvarial defects. The microporous layer shows selective permeability for excluding the rapid‐growing non‐osteogenic tissues and potential wound stabilization. The nanowire‐like struvite is synthesized as the deliverable therapeutic agent within the fibrous layer to facilitate bone regeneration. Such a membrane displays a well‐developed heterogeneous architecture, satisfactory mechanical performance, and long‐lasting characteristics. The in vitro biological evaluation reveals that apart from being a strong barrier, the bilayer struvite‐laden membrane can actively promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Consequently, the multifunctional struvite‐doped membranes are applied to treat 5 mm‐sized bilateral calvarial defects in rats, resulting in overall improved healing outcomes compared with the untreated or the struvite‐free membrane‐treated group, which is characterized by enhanced osteogenesis and significantly increased new bone formation. The encouraging preclinical results reveal the great potential of the bilayer struvite‐doped membrane as a clinical GBR device for augmenting large‐area CMF bone reconstruction.
Realizing a 10 °C Cooling Effect in a Flexible Thermoelectric Cooler Using a Vortex Generator
Authors: Xu Shengduo , Li Meng , Dai Yuchen , Hong Min , Sun Qiang , Lyu Wanyu , Liu Ting , Wang Yuan , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Dargusch Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, flexible thermoelectric coolers (FTECs) are used to develop an alternative personalized cooling technology to achieve a large temperature drop of 10 °C and cooling capacity of 256 W m–2. Such an excellent cooling performance is attributed to the innovative design of the quadra‐layered Ag2Se/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate structure in FTECs and the induced air vortices by the vortex generator attached to the hot surface of the device. The applied pulse‐width modulation technique guarantees human body comfort at inconsistent ambient temperature by modulating the duty ratio of the power source, which also saves 35% of the power consumption. As a result, the as‐prepared FTECs only consume 68.5 W so as to maintain a comfortable skin temperature (32 ± 0.5 °C) when the ambient temperature is at 31 °C. This technology provides a reliable and adjustable solution for personalized cooling in environments where comfortable temperatures are exceeded.
Phase‐Transitional Bismuth‐Based Metals enable Rapid Embolotherapy, Hyperthermia, and Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Duan Minghui , Zhu Xiyu , Fan Linlin , He Yuanyuan , Yang Chen , Guo Rui , Chen Sen , Sun Xuyang , Liu Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmbolization has been an important minimally invasive therapy for occlusion of malfunctioned vasculature and tumor treatment via target delivering embolic agents. The limitation of conventional embolic agents, such as fabrication process, precipitation time, invisibility, and lack of integrated functions often leads to insufficient embolization efficacy. To overcome these drawbacks, a multifunctional bismuth (Bi)‐based liquid embolic agent for simultaneous realization of embolotherapy, thermotherapy, as well as high‐contrast biomedical imaging is proposed. Benefitting from the suitable melting point, flexible nature, metallic merit, and easygoing operation via injection, the versatile embolic agent can achieve rapid liquid–solid phase transition, magnetic hyperthermia, and multimodal imaging capability. The Bi‐based materials are demonstrated with excellent arteriovenous embolization efficiency and favorable biocompatibility according to in vivo investigations. Introduction of the liquid embolic agent to tumor arteries achieves evident tumor regression and rather clear imaging under computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thermographs for consistently tracking the implants over the biological body. Further, the combined therapy coupled with thermotherapy exhibits improved therapeutic efficiency with formation of necrosis and total tumor eradiation at day 15 after the treatment. The present innovative embolic agent and the surgical principle provide a promising modality for embolization and potential theranostic platform of tumors.