bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of ethical issues in hospitality and tourism innovation
Authors: Oskam Jeroen A. , De Visser-Amundson Anna 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the state of academic research on ethical issues connected to innovation in hospitality. Through a systematic review of the literature on this topic, the authors aim to offer a synthesis of research approaches and to provide proposals for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted searches in four different databases, to select articles based on the inclusion criteria: the articles should combine the topics of innovation and hospitality/tourism and have been published between 2011 and 2021. Through an iterative screening process, the authors selected 71 research articles.FindingsThis paper distinguishes two categories of approaches to the topic: a first and predominant approach in which innovations are derived from evolving ethical insights and a more dispersed second category that explores the ethical implications of innovations. In the first category, articles about ethical leadership represent the greatest number, followed by those about corporate social responsibility (CSR). Almost half of the papers studied followed qualitative methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors argue that the prevalent perspective represents a specific interpretation of the social role of private companies, but that the ethical effects of commercial or technological innovations deserve more attention. Despite a rigorous procedure in reviewing the literature systematically, they also discuss that there are multiple relevant debates that do not refer explicitly to ethical aspects, but that should be included in the topic.Practical implicationsAddressing the research gaps in ethics and innovation in hospitality must provide practitioners with an understanding of the ramifications of their innovations and with criteria for ethical decision-making.Social implicationsThe current orientation of the debate underscores ethical innovations in hospitality and tourism, whilst ethical risks of other developments in these industries may remain understudied.Originality/valueThis review updates earlier reviews of ethical issues in hospitality and tourism, whilst the link to innovation and the distinction of two categories, based on the causal direction between ethical considerations and innovation, identify an imbalance in the study of the topic.
Subjective well-being in the relationship between workaholism and workplace incivility: the moderating role of gender
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Naderibeni Nahid , Mirzamani Azam 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate the mediating role of subjective well-being (SWB) in the relationship workaholism and workplace incivility with an emphasis on the moderating role of gender.Design/methodology/approachUsing an online survey, the required data were collected from 401 employees in 41 public organizations in Iran.FindingsBy structural equation modeling, the results showed workaholism has a negative direct association with workplace incivility. Additionally, SWB mediates the relationships between workaholism and workplace incivility. Moreover, workaholic men and women are more likely to experience higher workplace incivility and lower SWB, respectively.Practical implicationsManagers should focus on reducing workaholism and developing SWB to decrease uncivil behaviors. Researchers need to assess the different instigators of incivility, considering the mediating or moderating role of other variables in private organizations.Social implicationsThe stress of workaholism, coupled with the harsh conditions of economic sanctions in Iran, has exacerbated the occurrence of incivility behavior. This study helps to reduce and control such behaviors by examining the role of SWB and gender.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the research on incivility behavior by advancing the understanding of organizational and personal factors (workaholism and SWB) that can influence workplace incivility among employees. It also addresses the usefulness of examining SWB disposition in understanding the relationship between workaholism and workplace incivility.
Elevated CO2 alleviates adverse effects of drought on plant water relations and photosynthesis: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Chuankuan , Liu Shirong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) is expected to improve plant water relations and carbon (C) uptakes, with a potential to mitigate drought stress. However, the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant physiology and growth are not clear.

We performed a meta‐analysis on the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant water relations, photosynthesis, biomass production and allocation.

We found that eCO2 did not lead to the conservation of soil water, but improved leaf water status under drought conditions as evidenced by a higher leaf relative water content (LRWC) and a less negative midday leaf water potential, resulting from reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and increased root to shoot ratio. Elevated CO2 retarded the response of gs to drought, which may be mediated by the decrease in leaf abscisic acid concentration under eCO2 and drought. Drought imposed stomatal limitations on photosynthesis (A), which was alleviated by eCO2 via increasing intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). This led to a stronger A response to eCO2 under drought, supporting the ‘low Ci effect’. However, no interaction of eCO2 and drought was detected on plant biomass production. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased proportionally with eCO2, while plant‐scale WUE was less responsive to eCO2. C3 plants had advantages over C4 plants in terms of A and biomass production under eCO2 and well‐watered conditions rather than under eCO2 and drought conditions. Drought caused a greater reduction in biomass for woody plants than for herbs. Plants growing in pots showed greater decreases in the physiology and biomass under drought than those growing in field.

Synthesis. These findings suggest that eCO2 can alleviate the adverse impacts of drought on plant water relations and C sequestration, and are of significance in the prediction of plant growth and ecosystem productivity under global changes.
Assessment of depth of penetration and antibiofilm properties of Boswellia sacra compared with calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament (in vitro study)
Authors: El‐Essawy Riham Hisham , Al‐Ashry Salma , Sabet Nihal Ezzat , Ghobashy Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuccessful endodontic treatment requires advanced materials to eliminate biofilm This study aims to assess the penetration depth and the effectiveness of Boswellia sacra as a novel intracanal medicament compared with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. 60 single‐rooted teeth were decoronated, prepared and sterilised. Fifty teeth were contaminated with a culture of E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 21 days. Two teeth were used to confirm the biofilm using scanning electron microscope. For colony‐forming unit (CFU), 40 samples were divided into one control group (calcium hydroxide) and the other experimental group (B. sacra). Each group was divided into two subgroups to be tested at 3 and 7 days. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of B. sacra was determined, and the B. sacra's ethanolic extract medicament was prepared. Eight discs divided into groups similar to CFU were used to evaluate live/dead bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ten teeth were selected for penetration depth using CLSM. The intracanal medicaments were mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. were inserted into the root canals 0.2 slices were dissected and viewed under CLSM. The MIC of B. sacra was 1.25 mg/ml. The CFU evaluation proved that B. sacra are more effective than calcium hydroxide in the 3 days groups. However, it was statistically insignificant compared with calcium hydroxide after 7 days. The depth of penetration of B. sacra exceeds that of calcium hydroxide. B. sacra is an effective intracanal medicament.
Hypotonic induction of aquaporin5 expression in rat astrocytes through p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Yi Yaoxing , Qiu Guoping , Liu Hui , Gao Fei , Liu Xueyuan , Chen Yuqing , Yang Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrain oedema is a common pathological phenomenon following many diseases and may lead to severe secondary damage. Astrocytes are the most numerous cells in the brain. Five aquaporins (AQPs) have been found in mature astrocytes, which play crucial roles in water transportation. However, most studies have focused on AQP4 or AQP9 and whether another aquaporin such as AQP5 involved in brain oedema is unclear. Here, we addressed the issue that the expression pattern of AQP5 in rat astrocytes in vitro was altered in the hypotonic condition through some mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. Primary astrocytes were randomly divided into the control group and the hypotonic group. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT test. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting and real‐time PCR were used to detect the expression of AQP5. Western blotting was used to detect the variation of MAPK pathway. The present study demonstrated that incubation of astrocytes in the hypotonic medium produced an increase inAQP5 expression, and AQP5 peaked at 6–12 h after hypotension solution exposure. In addition, MAPK pathways were set in motion under hypotension, but not all branches. Only the p38 inhibitor can inhibit AQP5 expression in cultured astrocytes. AQP5 is directly related to the extracellular hypotonic stimuli in astrocytes, which could be regulated through the p38 MAPK pathway.
Centripetal Representation
Authors: Hutton Ferris Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article develops a general theory about how representative systems might best promote democratic legitimacy – one that recognizes the potential benefits of networked responsiveness between diverse kinds of representative but is alert to the threat of fragmentation and the value of democratic simplicity. Deliberative democratic and constructivist theorists of representation tend to agree that more pluralistic systems of representation are more democratic. I will argue, however, that fragmentation can bias responsiveness toward elites and that democratic simplifications can help ordinary people engage with, understand, and influence their representatives, pushing back against gridlock, collusion, and capture by the powerful. Systems of representation are most likely to capture the benefits of pluralism and heterogeneity while avoiding fragmentation when their structure is “centripetal”: with power and influence moving inwards, via processes of networked responsiveness, from broadly inclusive peripheries to democratically simple cores.
Mayo adhesive probability score is associated with perioperative outcomes in retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Yuan Yeqing , Feng Huiquan , Kang Zheng , Xie Yunhai , Zhang Xueqi , Zhang Yixiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThis study aimed to determine whether the Mayo adhesive probability score (MAP), which evaluated adherent perinephric fat (APF), is useful in evaluating the difficulty of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA), and to analyse the correlation between MAP and perioperative parameters.MethodsClinical data of 104 patients with adrenal adenoma who underwent RLA were collected for retrospective analysis. According to the CT images obtained before surgery, patients were divided into two groups: High MAP group (2–5 points) and Low MAP group (0–1 points). Comparison of the general clinical characteristics and the perioperative data between the two groups was made.ResultsThere were more male patients (73.7% versus 34.3%), more patients with a smoking history (24.3% versus 7.5%), higher BMI (25.7 versus 23.2, kg/m2), and bigger (23.8 versus 18.5, mm) neoplasm in the high MAP group (P < 0.05). Significant difference was observed in operative time (128.8 versus 102.3, min), estimated blood loss (47.2 versus 25.2, ml) and drainage tube removal time (4.0 versus 3.2, d) between the two groups (P < 0.05). A high MAP score (P < 0.001) and the size of tumour (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for extended operative time. A higher BMI (OR = 1.525, P < 0.001) and larger tumour size (OR = 2.862, P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for a high MAP score.ConclusionsMAP score was associated with the perioperative outcomes of RLA. BMI and tumour size were better indicators of MAP score, which can influence the difficulty of RLA.
Local variation in low carbon footprint inhalers in pre‐COVID pandemic primary care prescribing guidelines for adult asthma in England and its potential impact
Authors: Twigg Adam J. , Wilkinson Alexander , Smith James N. 
Published: August 2022

AimsPressurised metered‐dose inhalers (MDIs) have a much higher carbon footprint than dry powder inhalers (DPIs). We aimed to describe variations of inhaler options in local adult asthma prescribing guidance.MethodsWe reviewed local clinical commissioning group (CCG) adult asthma prescribing guidance for primary care in England in 2019 and recorded DPI and MDI inclusion. The relationship to prescribing data from OpenPrescribing.net was examined.ResultsIn total, 58 unique guidance documents were analysed covering 144 out of 191 CCGs in England. Only 3% of CCG guidelines expressed an overall preference for DPIs, while 12% explicitly preferred MDIs. The inclusion of DPIs first‐line was 77% for short‐acting β‐agonists, 78% for low‐dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) inhalers and 90–96% for combination long‐acting β‐agonist/ICS inhalers. MDIs were included first‐line in 98–100% of these classes. In 26% of CCGs, there was no first‐line DPI option for at least 1 asthma management step. Ten percent of CCGs had no DPI included first‐line for any of the 5 classes examined. Many CCGs recommended higher carbon footprint options; Ventolin MDI (25.6%), inhalers containing HFA227ea (57.9%) and ICS regimes recommending 2 puffs of a lower dose over 1 puff of higher dose (94.2%). MDIs were prescribed more in CCGs that recommended them.ConclusionBefore the COVID pandemic, there was substantial variation between CCGs in adult asthma prescribing guidance regarding higher and lower carbon footprint options. There may still be scope to amend local guidance to improve clinical and environmental outcomes. This study provides a method and baseline for further investigation of this.
A Latent State Space Model for Estimating Brain Dynamics from Electroencephalogram (EEG) Data
Authors: Wang Qinxia , Loh Ji Meng , He Xiaofu , Wang Yuanjia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modern neuroimaging technologies have substantially advanced the measurement of brain activity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) as a noninvasive neuroimaging technique measures changes in electrical voltage on the scalp induced by brain cortical activity. With its high temporal resolution, EEG has emerged as an increasingly useful tool to study brain connectivity. Challenges with modeling EEG signals of complex brain activity include interactions among unknown sources, low signal-to-noise ratio, and substantial between-subject heterogeneity. In this work, we propose a state space model that jointly analyzes multichannel EEG signals and learns dynamics of different sources corresponding to brain cortical activity. Our model borrows strength from spatially correlated measurements and uses low-dimensional latent states to explain all observed channels. The model can account for patient heterogeneity and quantify the effect of a subject's covariates on the latent space. The EM algorithm, Kalman filtering, and bootstrap resampling are used to fit the state space model and provide comparisons between patient diagnostic groups. We apply the developed approach to a case-control study of alcoholism and reveal significant attenuation of brain activity in response to visual stimuli in alcoholic subjects compared to healthy controls.
A monkeypox virus infection mimicking primary syphilis
Authors: Turco Martina , Mancuso Fabrizio R. , Pisano Luigi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Given the current monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in at-risk men who have sex with men (MSM), clinicians should consider MPXV a differential diagnosis of syphilis, in any patient with a solitary painless genital nodule.
Primary school children rate children with autism negatively on looks, speech and speech content
Authors: Stagg Steven D. , Thompson‐Robertson Lauren , Morgan Carina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdults and adolescents form negative first impressions of ASD adults and children. We examined the first impression ratings of primary school children (6–9 years) of their ASD peers. 146 school children rated either silent videos, speech or transcribe speech from 14 actors (7 ASD, 7 TD). The ASD actors were rated more negatively than the typically developing actors on all three stimulus types. Children with ASD are likely to be judged more negatively than their peers at the very start of their formal education. Contrary to previous research, for primary school children, the content of the speech was judged as negatively as the delivery of the speech.
ThinPrep® imaging system‐assisted vs manual screening of urinary cytology slides in the detection of the “suspicious for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma” category
Authors: Piaton Eric , Prat Jean‐Jacques , Nennig Cindy , Hutin Karine , Colombel Marc , Ruffion Alain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ThinPrep® Imaging System (TIS) is a Food and Drug Administration‐approved review system for cervical cytopathology, where it has been shown to increase performance over manually reviewed slides. Application of the TIS to urinary cytology has only been reported in a single study, in 2013.MethodsWe aimed to compare the agreement of two cytotechnologists' and a pathologist's manual screening (dots) with the fields of view (FOVs) selected by the TIS. We also aimed to track cases in which the TIS could identify missed abnormals and reduce the false‐negative fraction. Electronically marked TIS fields (EMTFs) suspicious for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) were controlled by follow‐up cystoscopy and histology, where available.ResultsA total of 826 consecutive specimens were studied. Of those, 94 (11.4%) were unreadable by the TIS. There were 710 possible comparisons, of which 380 (53.5%) received no dot after manual screening. Of the 330 remaining slides, 149 (45.1%) had at least one dot matching with the TIS FOVs. After TIS reading, EMTFs were noted in 13 of 636 (2.0%) negative cytology cases. Surveillance showed that 3/13 (23.1%, 0.4% of the 710 possible comparisons) of those cases matched with high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), whereas 6/13 (46.1%, 0.8% of the 710 possible comparisons) had negative follow‐up at 24 months, and 4/13 (30.8%) were lost for follow‐up.ConclusionThe TIS increases the detection rate of SHGUC cells, potentially leading to a slight decrease in the false‐negative fraction, but at the expense of a slight but larger increase in the number of false‐positive cases. These findings stress the importance of a careful approach to the evaluation of the FOVs.
Behavioural thermoregulation by montane ungulates under climate warming
Authors: Zhou Wenliang , Wang Meng , Gao Kai , Gao Hualei , Wei Fuwen , Nie Yonggang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimGlobal warming is threatening species survival worldwide. Cold‐adapted montane ungulates may be among the first species to be affected by global warming. Here, we investigate the behavioural thermoregulation hypothesis that montane ungulates buffer the effects of warming climate through behavioural adjustment.LocationFoping National Nature Reserve (FNNR) on the southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, China.MethodsWe used infrared camera traps over six consecutive years to monitor behavioural responses of montane ungulates to seasonal and diurnal changes in ambient temperature. We evaluated how seasonal altitudinal migration and changes to their daily activity budget may mitigate the effect of warming on montane ungulates.ResultsAll four montane ungulate species examined here preferred ambient temperatures <22°C in summer. On this basis, we estimate that 27.9% (+2°C) and 46.7% (+3°C) of suitable summer habitats will become unsuitable under climate change. Chinese muntjac and tufted deer displayed behavioural changes to daily activity budgets, which may help them overcome global climate warming to a certain extent. By contrast, golden takin and wild boar did not display similar behavioural changes, and it may be because they are not affected by current shifts in climate due to larger body size and thus lower thermal stress.Main ConclusionsThese analyses demonstrate different species responses to warming are likely and are determined by specific tolerances to ambient temperature thresholds. However, it remains to be seen whether species interactions caused by behavioural shifts may affect species ability to respond to climate.
Changes in body mass index during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Nordic ALL2008 protocol
Authors: Egnell Christina , Närhinen Hanna , Merker Andrea , Jonsson Ólafur G. , Lepik Kristi , Niinimäki Riitta , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Stabell Niklas , Klug Albertsen Birgitte , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Ranta Susanna , Harila‐Saari Arja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesChildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a tendency to gain weight during treatment. As overweight and obesity associate with health problems, prophylactic interventions are warranted. Therefore, it is important to identify the children most prone to gain weight.MethodsPatients aged 2.0–17.9 years at ALL diagnosis were identified from the NOPHO ALL2008 registry. Registry data was complemented with height and weight at the end of therapy from questionnaires. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to international age‐ and sex‐adjusted International Obesity Task Force BMI cut‐offs. BMI values were transformed into standard deviation scores (SDS) to calculate the difference in BMISDS during treatment.ResultsData on BMI change were available for 765 children. Overweight and obesity doubled during treatment: 9.7% were overweight and 2.1% obese at diagnosis and 21.8% and 5.4% at the end of therapy, respectively. The mean BMISDS change was +0.64. Younger (2.0–5.9 years) and healthy weight children were most prone to become overweight (mean change in BMI SDS +0.85 and + 0.65, respectively).ConclusionsYounger children (2.0–5.9 years) with healthy weight at diagnosis were most prone to becoming overweight and therefore are an important group to target while considering interventions.
Murdoch's ontological argument
Authors: Mason Cathy , Dougherty Matt 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnselm's ontological argument is an argument for the existence of God. This paper presents Iris Murdoch's ontological argument for the existence of the Good. It discusses her interpretation of Anselm's argument, her own distinctive appropriation of it, as well as some of the merits of her version of the argument. In doing so, it also shows how the argument integrates some key Murdochian ideas: morality's wide scope, the basicness of vision to morality, moral realism, and Platonism.