bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of atmospheric deposition and surface water chemistry to the COVID-19 lockdown in an alpine area
Authors: Rogora Michela , Steingruber Sandra , Marchetto Aldo , Mosello Rosario , Giacomotti Paola , Orru’ Arianna , Tartari Gabriele A. , Tiberti Rocco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on deposition and surface water chemistry were investigated in an area south of the Alps. Long-term data provided by the monitoring networks revealed that the deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in this area has stabilized since around 2010; in 2020, however, both concentrations and deposition were significantly below the average values of the previous decade for SO4 and NO3. Less evident changes were observed for NH4 and base cation. The estimated decrease of deposition in 2020 with respect to the previous decade was on average − 54% and − 46% for SO4 and NO3, respectively. The lower deposition of SO4 and NO3 recorded in 2020 was caused by the sharp decrease of SO2 and particularly of NOx air concentrations mainly due to the mobility restrictions consequent to the COVID-19 lockdown. The limited effects on NH4 deposition can be explained by the fact that NH3 emission was not affected by the lockdown, being mainly related to agricultural activities. A widespread response to the decreased deposition of S and N compounds was observed in a group of pristine freshwater sites, with NO3 concentrations in 2020 clearly below the long-term average. The rapid chemical recovery observed at freshwater sites in response to the sharp decrease of deposition put in evidence the high resilience potential of freshwater ecosystems in pristine regions and demonstrated the great potential of emission reduction policy in producing further substantial ameliorations of the water quality at sensitive sites.
Blocking prostanoid receptors switches on multiple immune responses and cascades of inflammatory signaling against larval stages in snail fever
Authors: Saber Sameh , Alomar Suliman Y. , Yahya Galal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis, also known as snail fever or bilharziasis, is a worm infection caused by trematode called schistosomes that affects humans and animals worldwide. Schistosomiasis endemically exists in developing countries. Inflammatory responses elicited in the early phase of infection represent the rate limiting step for parasite migration and pathogenesis and could be a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin (IL)-10 were found to be differentially affected in case of immune-modulation studies and cytokine analysis of hosts infected with either normal or radiation-attenuated parasite (RA) which switches off the development of an effective immune response against the migrating parasite in the early phase of schistosomiasis. Normal parasites induce predominantly a T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokine response (IL-4 and IL-5) which is essential for parasite survival; here, we discuss in detail the downstream effects and cascades of inflammatory signaling of PGE2 and IL10 induced by normal parasites and the effect of blocking PGE2 receptors. We suggest that by selectively constraining the production of PGE2 during vaccination or therapy of susceptible persons or infected patients of schistosomiasis, this would boost IL-12 and reduce IL-10 production leading to a polarization toward the anti-worm Thl cytokine synthesis (IL-2 and Interferon (IFN)-γ).
Knowledge from Falsehood and Truth-Closeness
Authors: Bernecker Sven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper makes two points. First, any theory of knowledge must explain the difference between cases of knowledge from falsehood (provided there are any) and Gettier cases where the subject relies on reasoning from falsehood. Second, the closeness-to-the-truth approach to explaining the difference between knowledge-yielding and knowledge-suppressing falsehoods does not hold up to scrutiny.
A semiparametric approach to estimating reference price effects in sales response models
Authors: Aschersleben Philipp , Steiner Winfried J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well known that store-level brand sales may not only depend on contemporaneous influencing factors like current own and competitive prices or other marketing activities, but also on past prices representing customer response to price dynamics. On the other hand, non- or semiparametric regression models have been proposed in order to accommodate potential nonlinearities in price response, and related empirical findings for frequently purchased consumer goods indicate that price effects may show complex nonlinearities, which are difficult to capture with parametric models. In this contribution, we combine nonparametric price response modeling and behavioral pricing theory. In particular, we propose a semiparametric approach to flexibly estimating price-change or reference price effects based on store-level sales data. We compare different representations for capturing symmetric vs. asymmetric and proportional vs. disproportionate price-change effects following adaptation-level and prospect theory, and further compare our flexible autoregressive model specifications to parametric benchmark models. Functional flexibility is accommodated via P-splines, and all models are estimated within a fully Bayesian framework. In an empirical study, we demonstrate that our semiparametric dynamic models provide more accurate sales forecasts for most brands considered compared to competing benchmark models that either ignore price dynamics or just include them in a parametric way.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of human lower leg muscles: correlation between DTI parameters and muscle power with different ankle positions
Authors: Takao Shoichiro , Kaneda Maho , Sasahara Mihoko , Takayama Suzuka , Matsumura Yoshitaka , Okahisa Tetsuya , Goto Tsuyoshi , Sato Nori , Katoh Shinsuke , Harada Masafumi , Ueno Junji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in healthy adult human lower leg muscles and to determine the correlation between DTI parameters and muscle power measurements among different types of muscle contraction.

Materials and methods
DTI measurements of the unilateral lower leg muscles having three different types of contraction (non-contraction state, isometric contraction, and soleus shortening) were obtained from 10 healthy adults using a 3-T MRI scanner. DTI parameters (λ1, λ2, λ3, mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy) were calculated. The values of the DTI parameters and correlation between the DTI parameters and muscle power measurements (maximum power and maximum amount of work) obtained from a dynamometer were statistically compared among the different types of contraction. Intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients were calculated for analysis of reproducibility.

Results
The λ1, λ2, λ3, and mean diffusivity of the soleus muscle are significantly lower in the non-contraction state as compared with isometric contraction and soleus shortening (p < 0.05). A positive correlation of the soleus muscle in the non-contraction state was seen between the maximum power and the λ1, λ2, and mean diffusivity. There was a positive correlation between the maximum amount of work and fractional anisotropy in the non-contraction state for the soleus muscle. A negative correlation for the tibialis anterior muscle in the non-contraction state was seen between the maximum amount of work and fractional anisotropy. Overall reproducibility of the DTI parameters was excellent.

Conclusions
DTI parameters were significantly changed depending on the ankle joint position and type of muscle contraction.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal oligometastases: a review on patient selection and the optimal methodology
Authors: Ito Kei , Nakajima Yujiro , Ikuta Syuzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has excellent local control and low toxicity for spinal metastases and is widely performed for spinal oligometastases. However, its additional survival benefit to standard of care, including systemic therapy, is unknown because the results of large-scale randomized controlled trials regarding SBRT for oligometastases have not been reported. Consequently, the optimal patient population among those with spinal oligometastases and the optimal methodology for spine SBRT remain unclear. The present review article discusses two topics: evidence-based optimal patient selection and methodology. The following have been reported to be good prognostic factors: young age, good performance status, slow-growing disease with a long disease-free interval, minimal disease burden, and mild fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in positron emission tomography. In addition, we proposed four measures as the optimal SBRT method for achieving excellent local control: (i) required target delineation; (ii) recommended dose fraction schedule (20 or 24 Gy in a single fraction for spinal oligometastases and 35 Gy in five fractions for lesions located near the spinal cord); (iii) optimizing dose distribution for the target; (iv) dose constraint options for the spinal cord.
Click-on fluorescence detectors: using robotic surgical instruments to characterize molecular tissue aspects
Authors: van Oosterom Matthias N. , van Leeuwen Sven I. , Mazzone Elio , Dell’Oglio Paolo , Buckle Tessa , van Beurden Florian , Boonekamp Michael , van de Stadt Huybert , Bauwens Kevin , Simon Hervé , van Leeuwen Pim J. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluorescence imaging is increasingly being implemented in surgery. One of the drawbacks of its application is the need to switch back-and-forth between fluorescence- and white-light-imaging settings and not being able to dissect safely under fluorescence guidance. The aim of this study was to engineer ‘click-on’ fluorescence detectors that transform standard robotic instruments into molecular sensing devices that enable the surgeon to detect near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence in a white-light setting. This NIR-fluorescence detector setup was engineered to be press-fitted onto standard forceps instruments of the da Vinci robot. Following system characterization in a phantom setting (i.e., spectral properties, sensitivity and tissue signal attenuation), the performance with regard to different clinical indocyanine green (ICG) indications (e.g., angiography and lymphatic mapping) was determined via robotic surgery in pigs. To evaluate in-human applicability, the setup was also used for ICG-containing lymph node specimens from robotic prostate cancer surgery. The resulting Click-On device allowed for NIR ICG signal identification down to a concentration of 4.77 × 10–6 mg/ml. The fully assembled system could be introduced through the trocar and grasping, and movement abilities of the instrument were preserved. During surgery, the system allowed for the identification of blood vessels and assessment of vascularization (i.e., bowel, bladder and kidney), as well as localization of pelvic lymph nodes. During human specimen evaluation, it was able to distinguish sentinel from non-sentinel lymph nodes. With this introduction of a NIR-fluorescence Click-On sensing detector, a next step is made towards using surgical instruments in the characterization of molecular tissue aspects.
6 and 12 month outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalization: a prospective monocentric study
Authors: Martino Giuseppe Pio , Benfaremo Devis , Bitti Giuseppina , Valeri Gianluca , Postacchini Laura , Marchetti Annalisa , Angelici Stefano , Moroncini Gianluca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe long-term consequences of COVID-19 in those who recover from acute infection requiring hospitalization have not been defined yet. In this study, we aim to describe the long-term symptoms and respiratory outcomes over 12 months in patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19. In this prospective cohort study, patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 were prospectively followed up at 6 and 12 months after discharge from the Hospital of Fermo, Italy. Patients were interviewed for persisting symptoms and underwent physical examination, routine blood test, pulmonary function tests, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT), and 6 min walking test. A total of 64 patients were evaluated and participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 68 years, 41 (64%) were males, and the median body mass index (BMI) was 26 kg/m2. After 6 months, 36% of patients reported persistent dyspnea, 37.5% persistent fatigue, 30.6% hair loss, 14% arthralgia and 11% memory and attention deficits. The rate of these symptoms reduced at the 12 month follow-up. At least 50% of the patients reported anxiety and depression symptoms. At 6 months 57.4% of patients showed reduced DLCO and 21.3% reduced FVC% and improvement at 12 months was noted for FVC but not for DLCO and TLC. Persistent radiographic abnormalities, most commonly ground-glass opacities and interstitial changes, were observed at both timepoints in many patients. Long-term symptoms and pulmonary deficits are common in patients admitted for severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of long-term consequences of severe COVID-19.
Precision matrix estimation using penalized Generalized Sylvester matrix equation
Authors: Avagyan Vahe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEstimating a precision matrix is an important problem in several research fields when dealing with large-scale data. Under high-dimensional settings, one of the most popular approaches is optimizing a Lasso or$$\ell _1$$ℓ1norm penalized objective loss function. This penalization endorses sparsity in the estimated matrix and improves the accuracy under a proper calibration of the penalty parameter. In this paper, we demonstrate that the problem of minimizing Lasso penalized D-trace loss can be seen as solving a penalized Sylvester matrix equation. Motivated by this method, we propose estimating the precision matrix using penalized generalized Sylvester matrix equations. In our method, we develop a particular estimating equation and a new convex loss function constructed through this equation, which we call the generalized D-trace loss. We assess the performance of the proposed method using detailed numerical analysis, including simulated and real data. Extensive results show the advantage of the proposed method compared to other estimation approaches in the literature.
Iatrogenic adrenaline induced mid-ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case-based review
Authors: Ioannou Adam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is regarded as an acute and often reversible cardiac syndrome characterised by apical ballooning of the left ventricle that occurs in the absence of coronary artery obstruction and myocarditis. The underlying pathophysiology remains largely unknown, but the most widely accepted theory is catecholamine toxicity.More recently, atypical variants of TCM have been described, and are characterised by the regional wall motion abnormalities that are observed. Mid-ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (MVTCM) is characterised by hypokinesia/akinesia of the mid left ventricular wall segments with hyperdynamic basal and apical function. This report describes the first documented case of a patient who developed MVTCM after receiving a dose of intravenous adrenaline. This case provides further evidence to support the notion that catecholamine toxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of TCM.
Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumours of the Ear
Authors: Sandison Ann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the recently published 5th Edition of the World Health Organisation Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, there are relatively few changes to report in terms of nomenclature in lesions of ear and temporal bone and fewer developments in molecular pathogenesis in comparison to other sites, particularly in sinonasal tract. Ear and temporal bone tumours are rare and biopsy material is limited. As a result, resources in the literature are scarce with few large series, no controlled clinical trials and the approaches to staging and management are not standardised. New entities are difficult to characterise. The number of entries has, however, increased for tumours of the ear and temporal bone (thirteen) compared to the 4th Edition (eleven). Some lesions previously included in the 4th Edition considered to have no site-specific features have been excluded to be discussed elsewhere and other benign lesions that are specific to this site have been included. The tumours and tumour-like entities of ear and temporal bone are discussed here mindful that the chapter in the 5th edition better correlates disease processes with clinical information and imaging and as far as possible standardises nomenclature.
Exploring the Role of Teacher–Child Relationships in the Longitudinal Associations Between Childhood Shyness and Social Functioning at School: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baardstu S. , Coplan R. J. , Eliassen E. , Brandlistuen R. E. , Wang M. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was to explore longitudinally the protective role of relationships with early childhood and education care (ECEC) teachers for shy children’s social functioning at age 5 and 8 years. Participants were N = 7343 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child (MoBa) study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study in Norway. Measures included maternal rating of child shyness at age 18 months, 3 and 5 years, ECEC teacher ratings of teacher–child relationships and maternal ratings of child peer play behaviors at age 5 years, and teacher ratings of child social competence at age 8 years. We conducted latent moderated-mediation analyses within a SEM framework. Among the results, childhood shyness was negatively associated with social functioning. However, significant indirect and moderation effects were also found, with a pattern suggesting that early positive teacher–child relationships have a buffering influence on shy children’s risk for social difficulties.
Middle Eocene benthic foraminifera from Qattamiya area, Cairo–Suez district, Egypt: biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and their relation to the Southern and Western Tethyan Provinces
Authors: Baz Sherif M. El 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study deals mainly with the biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleobiogeogrphy of the Middle Eocene benthic foraminifera from an outcrop exposed at Qattamiya area, Cairo–Suez district, Egypt. This district is covered by relatively thick Eocene sequences composed of limestone intercalated with shales and marl. Stratigraphically, the oldest rock unit exposed in the study area is the Observatory Formation which is followed by the Qurn Formation. The examination of the collected samples led to the recognition of 27 species belonging to 17 genera and 10 families. Three benthic foraminiferal biozones are recognized Elphidium trompi-Quinqueloculina carinata Assemblage Zone, Bulimina jacksonensis Zone, and Quinqueloculina ludwigi Zone. These local biozones are correlated with their equivalents inside Egypt. Therefore, the age is assigned to the Middle Eocene. To detect the paleoecology of the recorded foraminiferal community, some parameters (Foraminiferal abundance, richness, and the percentages of epifaunal and infaunal species) are calculated. Three local paleoecologic ecozones are proposed signifying a hyper-to hyposaline inner neritic environment for the lower part of the Observatory, the middle shelf with low oxygen conditions for the upper part of the Observatory Formation, and hypersaline inner neritic environment for the Qurn Formation. Recently, multivariate analyses are considered as a valuable tool in establishing the paleoecology and paleobiogeographical provinces of the Paleogene microfossils. In this study, a matrix composed of 18 species from six countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, France, Spain and Italy) is suggested for multivariate analyses. This matrix is subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) and the Q-mode cluster analysis to detect the possible provinces. Consequently, two significant provinces are detected, the Southern Tethyan Province (Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) and the Western Tethyan Province (Spain, Italy, and France). Based on the similarity index, there is a strong similarity between the two provinces, which proposes a marine connection between them during Eocene.
Novel Negative Capacitance Appeared in all Frequencies in Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al Structure
Authors: Ashery A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge. The current work shows that negative capacitance exists at all frequencies, contrary to what is claimed in the literature, which states that negative capacitance only exists at high or low frequencies. In this paper, Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al structure was epitaxial grown by the liquid phase epitaxial growth technique. The structural characterization was studied using an X-ray diffraction pattern. The capacitance and conductance behavior was studied using I-V and C-V measurements at various temperatures, voltages, and frequencies. Negative capacitance appears at all frequencies ranging from low to high; moreover, capacitance has both positive and negative values at all frequencies, while the conductance has positive values only in all frequencies. The current-voltage characterization was used to investigation the ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance. The barrier height and Richard constant were estimated, through investigating the current conduction mechanism of Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al.
Myelitis with flaccid paralysis due to Japanese encephalitis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Grewe Steven , Gliem Michael , Abrar Daniel B. , Feldt Torsten , Wojtecki Lars , Tan Victor , Lifea  , Afzal Shazia , Meuth Sven G. , Luedde Tom , Orth Hans Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Japanese encephalitis is an arthropod-borne zoonotic flavivirus infection endemic to tropical and subtropical Asia. A minority of infections leads to a symptomatic course, but affected patients often develop life-threatening encephalitis with severe sequelae.

Literature review
Myelitis with flaccid paralysis is a rare complication of Japanese Encephalitis, which—according to our literature search—was reported in 27 cases, some of which were published as case reports and others as case series. Overall, there is a broad clinical spectrum with typically asymmetric manifestation and partly severe motor sequelae and partly mild courses. Lower limb paralysis appears to be more frequent than upper limb paralysis. An encephalitic component is not apparent in all cases

Case presentation
We herein add the case of a 29 year-old female who developed encephalitis and myelitis with flaccid paralysis during a long-time stay in Indonesia. Diagnostic workup in Indonesia did not clearly reveal an underlying cause. Upon clinical stabilization, the patient was evacuated to her home country Germany, where further diagnostics confirmed Japanese encephalitis virus as the causative agent. The patient has partly recovered, but still suffers from residual paralysis of the upper limb.

Conclusion
Flaccid paralysis is a rare, and likely underdiagnosed complication of Japanese encephalitis, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been diagnosed outside endemic areas before.