bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighing cosmic structures with clusters of galaxies and the intergalactic medium
Authors: Esposito Matteo , Iršič Vid , Costanzi Matteo , Borgani Stefano , Saro Alexandro , Viel Matteo 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis aimed at combining cosmological constraints from number counts of galaxy clusters identified through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, obtained with the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and from Lyman α spectra obtained with the MIKE/HIRES and X-shooter spectrographs. The SPT cluster analysis relies on mass calibration based on weak lensing measurements, while the Lyman α analysis is built over mock spectra extracted from hydrodynamical simulations. The resulting constraints exhibit a tension (∼3.3σ) between the low σ8 values preferred by the low-redshift cluster data, $\sigma _8=0.74 ^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$, and the higher one preferred by the high-redshift Lyman α data, $\sigma _8=0.91 ^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$. We present a detailed analysis to understand the origin of this tension and to establish whether it arises from systematic uncertainties related to the assumptions underlying the analyses of cluster counts and/or Lyman α forest. We found this tension to be robust with respect to the choice of modelling of the IGM, even when including possible systematics from unaccounted sub-Damped Lyman α (DLA) and Lyman-limit systems (LLS) in the Lyman α data. We conclude that to solve this tension would require a large bias on the cluster mass estimate, or large unaccounted errors on the Lyman α mean fluxes. Our results have important implications for future analyses based on cluster number counts from future large photometric surveys (e.g. Euclid and LSST) and on larger samples of high-redshift quasar spectra (e.g. DESI and WEAVE surveys). If confirmed at the much higher statistical significance reachable by such surveys, this tension could represent a significant challenge for the standard ΛCDM paradigm.
Sympatric Recombination in Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Leads to Emergence of Populations with Modified Host Preference
Authors: Wang Tianpeng , Guo Yaqiong , Roellig Dawn M , Li Na , Santín Mónica , Lombard Jason , Kváč Martin , Naguib Doaa , Zhang Ziding , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Genetic recombination plays a critical role in the emergence of pathogens with phenotypes such as drug resistance, virulence, and host adaptation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that recombination between sympatric ancestral populations leads to the emergence of divergent variants of the zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium parvum with modified host ranges. Comparative genomic analyses of 101 isolates have identified seven subpopulations isolated by distance. They appear to be descendants of two ancestral populations, IIa in northwestern Europe and IId from southwestern Asia. Sympatric recombination in areas with both ancestral subtypes and subsequent selective sweeps have led to the emergence of new subpopulations with mosaic genomes and modified host preference. Subtelomeric genes could be involved in the adaptive selection of subpopulations, while copy number variations of genes encoding invasion-associated proteins are potentially associated with modified host ranges. These observations reveal ancestral origins of zoonotic C. parvum and suggest that pathogen import through modern animal farming might promote the emergence of divergent subpopulations of C. parvum with modified host preference.
Large-scale genome editing based on high-capacity adenovectors and CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases rescues full-length dystrophin synthesis in DMD muscle cells
Authors: Tasca Francesca , Brescia Marcella , Wang Qian , Liu Jin , Janssen Josephine M , Szuhai Karoly , Gonçalves Manuel A F V 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTargeted chromosomal insertion of large genetic payloads in human cells leverages and broadens synthetic biology and genetic therapy efforts. Yet, obtaining large-scale gene knock-ins remains particularly challenging especially in hard-to-transfect stem and progenitor cells. Here, fully viral gene-deleted adenovector particles (AdVPs) are investigated as sources of optimized high-specificity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases and donor DNA constructs tailored for targeted insertion of full-length dystrophin expression units (up to 14.8-kb) through homologous recombination (HR) or homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ). In muscle progenitor cells, donors prone to HMEJ yielded higher CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing frequencies than HR donors, with values ranging between 6% and 34%. In contrast, AdVP transduction of HR and HMEJ substrates in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resulted in similar CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing levels. Notably, when compared to regular iPSCs, in p53 knockdown iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9-dependent genome editing frequencies increased up to 6.7-fold specifically when transducing HMEJ donor constructs. Finally, single DNA molecule analysis by molecular combing confirmed that AdVP-based genome editing achieves long-term complementation of DMD-causing mutations through the site-specific insertion of full-length dystrophin expression units. In conclusion, AdVPs are a robust and flexible platform for installing large genomic edits in human cells and p53 inhibition fosters HMEJ-based genome editing in iPSCs.
Acetaldehyde makes a distinct mutation signature in single-stranded DNA
Authors: Vijayraghavan Sriram , Porcher Latarsha , Mieczkowski Piotr A , Saini Natalie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcetaldehyde (AA), a by-product of ethanol metabolism, is acutely toxic due to its ability to react with various biological molecules including DNA and proteins, which can greatly impede key processes such as replication and transcription and lead to DNA damage. As such AA is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Previous in vitro studies have shown that AA generates bulky adducts on DNA, with signature guanine-centered (GG→TT) mutations. However, due to its weak mutagenicity, short chemical half-life, and the absence of powerful genetic assays, there is considerable variability in reporting the mutagenic effects of AA in vivo. Here, we used an established yeast genetic reporter system and demonstrate that AA treatment is highly mutagenic to cells and leads to strand-biased mutations on guanines (G→T) at a high frequency on single stranded DNA (ssDNA). We further demonstrate that AA-derived mutations occur through lesion bypass on ssDNA by the translesion polymerase Polζ. Finally, we describe a unique mutation signature for AA, which we then identify in several whole-genome and -exome sequenced cancers, particularly those associated with alcohol consumption. Our study proposes a key mechanism underlying carcinogenesis by acetaldehyde—mutagenesis of single-stranded DNA.
Butterfly glioblastoma: Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and outcomes in a population-based cohort
Authors: Bjorland Line Sagerup , Dæhli Kurz Kathinka , Fluge Øystein , Gilje Bjørnar , Mahesparan Rupavathana , Sætran Hege , Ushakova Anastasia , Farbu Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Butterfly glioblastoma is a rare subgroup of glioblastoma with a bihemispheric tumor crossing the corpus callosum, and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Prognostic factors are previously sparsely described and optimal treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to analyze clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes from butterfly glioblastoma in a real-world setting.

Methods
This retrospective population-based cohort study included patients diagnosed with butterfly glioblastoma in Western Norway between 01/01/2007 and 31/12/2014. We enrolled patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma and patients with a diagnosis based on a typical MRI pattern. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Molecular and MRI volumetric analyses were retrospectively performed. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
Among 381 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, 33 patients (8.7%) met the butterfly glioblastoma criteria. Median overall survival was 5.5 months (95% CI 3.1–7.9) and 3-year survival was 9.1%. Hypofractionated radiation therapy with or without temozolomide was the most frequently used treatment strategy, given to 16 of the 27 (59.3%) patients receiving radiation therapy. Best supportive care was associated with poorer survival compared with multimodal treatment [adjusted hazard ratio 5.11 (95% CI 1.09–23.89)].

Conclusion
Outcome from butterfly glioblastoma was dismal, with a median overall survival of less than 6 months. However, long-term survival was comparable to that observed in non-butterfly glioblastoma, and multimodal treatment was associated with longer survival. This suggests that patients with butterfly glioblastoma may benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach despite the overall poor prognosis.
Open-environment machine learning
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConventional machine learning studies generally assume close-environment scenarios where important factors of the learning process hold invariant. With the great success of machine learning, nowadays, more and more practical tasks, particularly those involving open-environment scenarios where important factors are subject to change, called open-environment machine learning in this article, are present to the community. Evidently, it is a grand challenge for machine learning turning from close environment to open environment. It becomes even more challenging since, in various big data tasks, data are usually accumulated with time, like streams, while it is hard to train the machine learning model after collecting all data as in conventional studies. This article briefly introduces some advances in this line of research, focusing on techniques concerning emerging new classes, decremental/incremental features, changing data distributions and varied learning objectives, and discusses some theoretical issues.
How abiotic stress-induced socialization leads to the formation of massive aggregates in Chlamydomonas
Authors: de Carpentier Félix , Maes Alexandre , Marchand Christophe H , Chung Céline , Durand Cyrielle , Crozet Pierre , Lemaire Stéphane D , Danon Antoine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multicellular organisms implement a set of reactions involving signaling and cooperation between different types of cells. Unicellular organisms, on the other hand, activate defense systems that involve collective behaviors between individual organisms. In the unicellular model alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), the existence and the function of collective behaviors mechanisms in response to stress remain mostly at the level of the formation of small structures called palmelloids. Here, we report the characterization of a mechanism of abiotic stress response that Chlamydomonas can trigger to form massive multicellular structures. We showed that these aggregates constitute an effective bulwark within which the cells are efficiently protected from the toxic environment. We generated a family of mutants that aggregate spontaneously, the socializer (saz) mutants, of which saz1 is described here in detail. We took advantage of the saz mutants to implement a large-scale multiomics approach that allowed us to show that aggregation is not the result of passive agglutination, but rather genetic reprogramming and substantial modification of the secretome. The reverse genetic analysis we conducted allowed us to identify positive and negative regulators of aggregation and to make hypotheses on how this process is controlled in Chlamydomonas.
Nambu mechanics viewed as a Clebsch parameterized Poisson algebra: Toward canonicalization and quantization
Authors: Yoshida Zensho 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In his pioneering paper [Phys. Rev. E 7, 2405 (1973)], Nambu proposed the idea of multiple Hamiltonian systems. The explicit example examined there is equivalent to the $\mathfrak {so}(3)$ Lie–Poisson system, which represents noncanonical Hamiltonian dynamics with a Casimir; the Casimir corresponds to the second Hamiltonian of Nambu’s formulation. The vortex dynamics of an ideal fluid, while it is infinite dimensional, has a similar structure, in which the Casimir is the helicity. These noncanonical Poisson algebras are derived by the reduction, i.e., restricting the phase space to some submanifold embedded in the canonical phase space. We may reverse the reduction to canonicalize some Nambu dynamics, i.e., view the Nambu dynamics as the subalgebra of a larger canonical Poisson algebra. Then, we can invoke the standard corresponding principle for quantizing the canonicalized system. The inverse of the reduction, i.e., representing the noncanonical variables by some canonical variables may be called “Clebsch parameterization” following the fluid mechanical example.
Learning from public health practice: the development of a library of community-centered practice examples
Authors: South Jane , Mapplethorpe Tom , Gledhill Rachel , Marsh Wendy , Stansfield Jude , Evans Sian , Mancini Michelle , Outhwaite Helen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Valuable learning derived from public health practice can be captured through practice-based case studies, also known as practice examples. Practice examples of participatory interventions supplement the evidence base by providing information on the complexities of implementation in communities. This paper reports on a Public Health England project to build a bank of community-centered practice examples based on robust processes of collection and curation.

Methods
The multidisciplinary project had three phases: (i) development and piloting a process to collect practice examples, (ii) refining review processes and gathering further examples via national and regional teams (iii) maintenance of an accessible collection on the library platform.

Results
The project resulted in a searchable collection of 55 practice examples illustrating participatory approaches in public health practice. The collection shows diversity in terms of settings, population, focus and type of approach used to work with communities. A secondary outcome was the development of generic guidance and templates for further collections on public health topics.

Conclusions
This project illustrates how information on the implementation of community-centered approaches in real-life contexts can be gathered and disseminated through a transferable process. Having collections of practice examples supports knowledge exchange in public health as learning is shared.
Shared Satisfaction among Residents Living in Multiracial Neighborhoods
Authors: Bader Michael D M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multiracial neighborhood integration has become more common in U.S. metropolitan areas over the past three decades. This article takes up the question: are residents satisfied living in multiracial neighborhoods? Traditional theories of racial change predict low levels of satisfaction in these neighborhoods, while newer studies question that prediction. The article uses data representing all residents of multiracial neighborhoods in the Washington, DC, area to study neighborhood satisfaction in multiracial neighborhoods. The analysis finds evidence of shared satisfaction among residents regardless of race: large and equal shares of each racial group were satisfied. White residents were less satisfied than white residents of neighborhoods elsewhere in the metropolitan region, but were unlikely to perceive neighborhood decline. The shared satisfaction among residents of all races and the lack of racial antipathy to change among white residents suggests that multiracial neighborhoods offer sites to promote racial equity.
Distal Clavicle Autograft in Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: Surgical Technique
Authors: de Mello Ribeiro Pinto Gustavo , Chauke Rezende Rodrigo , Nabuco Dantas Cristiano , Costa de Oliveira Campos Marcelo , Albuquerque Lemgruber Kropf Leandro 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The surgical treatment of the proximal humerus fractures is challenging because of various presentations, especially in osteoporotic bones. The use of fixed-angle locked plates combined with grafts increases the fixation stability and healing rate. This study aims to describe a novel option of autogenous bone graft from the distal clavicle in the treatment of the proximal humerus fracture.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive study of a novel technique including patients undergoing surgical treatment of the proximal humerus fracture with locked plates and autograft from the distal clavicle.

Results:
A total of 3 female patients underwent treatment in the last year, and there are no complications reported. All fractures remained stable without varus collapse of the humeral head.

Conclusion:
We are the first to describe the use of the distal clavicle as an option of autograft for the treatment of the proximal humerus fractures. This technique has low morbidity and complexity, easy reproduction and low cost and can be harvested in the same donor region as the operative site.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rural Adults
Authors: Johansson Patrik , Rowland Sheri A. , Schulz Paula S. , Struwe Leeza , Hebert Luciana , Brueggemann Grant , Zimmerman Lani 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction programs led by a nurse/community health worker team are effective in urban settings. This strategy has not been adequately tested in rural settings.

Objective
A pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility of implementing an evidence-based CVD risk reduction intervention adapted to a rural setting and evaluate the potential impact on CVD risk factors and health behaviors.

Methods
A 2-group, experimental, repeated-measures design was used; participants were randomized to a standard primary care group (n = 30) or an intervention group (n = 30) where a registered nurse/community health worker team delivered self-management strategies in person, by phone, or by videoconferencing. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. A sample of 60 participants was recruited and retained in the study.

Results
In-person (46.3%) and telephone (42.3%) meetings were used more than the videoconferencing application (9%). Mean change at 3 months differed significantly between the intervention and control groups for CVD risk (−1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), −3.1 to 1.1] vs +1.4 [95% CI, −0.4 to 3.3], respectively), total cholesterol (−13.2 [95% CI, −32.1 to 5.7.] vs +21.0 [95% CI, 4.1–38.1], respectively), and low-density lipoprotein (−11.5 [95% CI, −30.8 to 7.7] vs +19.6 [95% CI, 1.9–37.2], respectively). No between-group differences were seen in high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, or triglycerides.

Conclusions
Participants receiving the nurse/community health worker–delivered intervention improved their risk CVD profiles, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels at 3 months. A larger study to explore the intervention impact on CVD risk factor disparities experienced by rural populations is warranted.
The Lay Public's Knowledge of the Most Common Acute Coronary Syndrome Symptoms Experienced by Women and Men
Authors: Blakeman John R. , Eckhardt Ann L. , Kim MyoungJin 
Published: July 2022

Background
Although extensive research and public education for the last 2 decades has focused on symptom differences experienced by men and women, little is known about what acute coronary syndrome symptoms the lay public associates with men, with women, and with both men and women.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe what acute coronary syndrome symptoms the lay public associates with men, with women, and with both men and women and to explore whether differences in participant gender affect how these symptoms are associated.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used, using an online survey. We recruited women (n = 209) and men (n = 208) living in the United States from the crowdsourcing platform Mechanical Turk in April and May 2021.

Results
Most participants (78.4%) selected a chest symptom as the most common acute coronary syndrome symptom experienced by men, compared with only 49.4% who selected a chest symptom as the most common for women. Almost half (46.9%) of women indicated that they believe men and women have “fairly different” or “very different” acute coronary syndrome symptoms, compared with 17.3% of men.

Conclusions
Whereas most participants associated symptoms with both men and women's experiences of acute coronary syndrome symptoms, some associated symptoms in ways that are not reflected in the literature. Additional research is needed to further understand the impact of messaging on acute coronary syndrome symptom differences between men and women and the lay public's interpretation of these messages.
Differences in the management of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents as compared to adults
Authors: Goldfarb Melanie , Dinauer Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To describe recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in both children and adults, highlighting differences between the two groups.

Recent findings
Thyroid nodules are less common in children than adults but the risk of malignancy is higher. Screening recommendations for patients with certain genetic syndromes or specific risk factors for thyroid nodules and cancer continue to evolve ultrasound is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating thyroid nodules in all patients, but radiographic risk stratification systems validated in adults have not been extensively studied in children. Criteria for proceeding to fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy differ some between children and adults, with nodule size being less of a consideration in young patients. Molecular testing continues to improve the diagnostic capabilities of FNA for all age groups, but options for pediatric thyroid nodules are currently limited. In children, only oncogene panels are validated and their exact utility, along with miRNA classifiers, is an evolving area of study. For adults, data support selection of a specific molecular test based on ultrasound characteristics and pretest probability of malignancy. Multiple series have shown that fusion mutations are more common in pediatric thyroid nodules, while point mutations are seen more often in adult thyroid nodules. Molecular data help guide management recommendations regarding the need for surgery when FNA is indeterminate, but clinical use is still being refined. Radiofrequency ablation is a nonoperative approach that has gained significant traction for the treatment of symptomatic benign nodules in adults, but data are currently extremely limited in children.

Summary
There are difference in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules in adults and children, the nuances of which are important for clinical management.