bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Height measurements to diagnose short stature and obesity during after-hours period are inefficient.
Authors: Matsumoto Takako , Ushijima-Fuchino Kikumi , Fujimoto Tamotsu , Yatsuga Shuichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Pediatricians in Japan usually measure child body weight during medical examinations. However, they rarely measure child height. Furthermore, during examinations at night or on holidays they may not measure child height at all. There are no reports addressing the efficiency of pediatric height measurement during medical examinations, especially those taking place at night or on holidays. Our study asked whether height measurements and obesity index calculations during all pediatric visits were efficient. Methods: We analyzed data collected on patients between the ages of 3 and 10 years who visited a pediatrics department over a 1-month period. We divided the patients into four groups based on when they visited the department: 1) weekday-day, 2) weekday-early night, 3) weekday-late night, 4) holiday-day. The height and the body weight of all patients were measured. This analysis included 1101 patients. The numbers of patients visiting the hospital were 727, 176, 34, and 164 for daytime, early night, late night, and holiday visits, respectively. Resalts: There were no significant differences in ages of children visiting at different times (p=0.57). However, there were significant differences in height variation among children visiting at different times (p=0.008), with the late-night group being the most variable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of obesity (depend on body mass index (BMI)) among patients visiting at different times (p=0.44); however, significant variations were found for BMI among the patients, (p=0.03), being significantly lower for the late night group than the others. Conclusions: We conclude that using height measurement to detect short stature (SS) and calculating BMI to detect obesity is inefficient for children who visit hospital during emergency times.
Assessment of Climate change Over Sistan-and-Baluchestan Province of Iran using CMIP6 GCMs; In terms of Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature
Authors: Pegahfard Nafiseh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Information of probable change in a regional climate system can play an important role in the government’s policies. The present study investigates the climate variations over the Sistan-and-Baluchestan Province, the second biggest province of Iran with scarce direct observations, in basis of surface air temperature and precipitation. To this aim, three datasets of (I) in-situ data, (II) gridded data from Climatic Research Unit (CRU, in 1979-2020), and (III) outputs of historical runs (during 1979-2020) and simulations under the SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0 scenarios (in 2021-2050) of twenty-seven Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were utilized. The climatic analysis was conducted in three steps of (I) evaluation of models' performance comparing with CRU data in 1979-2020, (II) rank the models based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique including eight metrics and (III) analysis of performance of the high-ranked models for 2021-2050. Results showed that CMIP6-GCMs generated lower satisfactory and consistency in simulating precipitation than temperature. The three models of CESM2-WACCM-FV2, MPI-ESM1-2-LR and IITM-ESM (MPI-ESM1-2-LR and UKESM1-0-LL and ACCESS-CM2) outperformed the others in simulating temperature (precipitation), while the MIROC6 (MIROC-ES2L) model performed the weakest. The MPI-ESM1-2-LR, UKESM1-0-LL and ACCESS-CM2 models achieved the highest rank for the both climate variables. Regarding the high-ranked models, analysis of the CMIP6-GCMs for 2021-2050 showed that the increase of 2.5-3.4 (2.2-3.1) K for the maximum temperature in SSP5-8.5 (SSP3-7.0) scenario is probable. Both scenarios showed an increasing (decreasing) trend for temperature (precipitation) in the future. Conclusively, the considered area will experience a remarkable increase in temperature and significant decrease in precipitation amount. It should be noted that the results from the global models will be exacerbated by any mistake in policy making.
Does Medical Disparity Exist while Treating Severe Mental Illness Patients with Acute Appendicitis in Emergency Departments? A Real-World Database Study
Authors: Chaou Chung-Hsien , Hung Shang-Kai , Kou Hao-Wei , Wu Kai-Hsiang , Chen Shou-Yen , Li Chih-Huang , Lee Chao-Wei , Hung Yu-Yung , Gao Shi-Ying , Wu Po-Han , Hsieh Chiao-Hsuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a shorter life expectancy and have been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a vulnerable group. As the causes for this mortality gap are complex, clarification regarding the contributing factors is crucial to improving the health care of SMI patients. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common indicators of emergency surgery worldwide. A higher perforation rate has been found among psychiatric patients. This study aims to evaluate the differences in appendiceal perforation rate, emergency department (ED) management, in-hospital outcomes, and in-hospital expenditure among acute appendicitis patients with or without SMI via the use of a multi-centre database.Methods: Relying on Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) for data, we selectively used its data from January 1st, 2007 to December 31st, 2017. The diagnoses of acute appendicitis and SMI were confirmed by combining ICD codes with relevant medical records. A non-SMI patient group was matched at the ratio of 1:3 by using the Greedy algorithm. The outcomes were appendiceal perforation rate, ED treatment, in-hospital outcome, and in-hospital expenditure.Results: A total of 25,766 patients from seven hospitals over a span of 11 years were recruited; among them, 11,513 were excluded by criteria, with 14,253 patients left for analysis. SMI group was older (50.46 vs. 44.43 years, p < 0.01) and had a higher percentage of females (56.52 vs. 44.43%, p = 0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index. An analysis of the matched group has revealed that the SMI group has a higher unscheduled 72-hour revisit to ED (17.93 vs. 10.38%, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in appendiceal perforation rate, ED treatment, in-hospital outcome, and in-hospital expenditure.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated no obvious differences in appendiceal perforation rate, ED management, in-hospital outcomes, and in-hospital expenditure among SMI and non-SMI patients with acute appendicitis. A higher unscheduled 72-hour ED revisit rate prior to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the SMI group was found. ED health providers need to be cautious when it comes to SMI patients with vague symptoms or unspecified abdominal complaints.
Doctors’ Experiences of Providing Sexual and Reproductive Health Care at Catholic Hospitals in the Conflict-Affected North-West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Awasom-Fru Adama , Sop Maturin Désiré Sop , Larsson Elin , Wees Sibylle Herzig van 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services are essential to improving the lives of women and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The Catholic Church is one the biggest non-governmental suppliers of health care in sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon but their role in providing SRH care is restricted by religious norms and values. This study explored doctors’ experiences and perceptions of providing SRH care at Catholic hospitals in a conflict affected area in Cameroon. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using ten semi-structured interviews with general practitioners from three Catholic hospitals in North-West region in Cameroon. Qualitative coding was done with assistance from Nvivo 12.0, data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings are presented in three main themes. Respondents describe (1) strict rules and a broad range of challenges to providing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care services. Nonetheless there is evidence of (2) doctors overcoming obstacles to providing sexual and reproductive healthcare through referrals, provision of care in secrecy and occasional negotiating with the hospital administration. Despite overcoming challenges, participants describe numerous examples of (3) poor sexual and reproductive health care and poor health outcomes, including avoidable deaths. Conclusion: This study shows that understanding the intersect between religion and women’s health remains important, particularly in improving access to sexual and reproductive health to vulnerable populations in conflict affected areas. It further provides insight into doctors’ motivations to practicing medicine and how doctors cope and make efforts to provide care and minimize harm
Shell biomineralization and the role of nutritional quality on physiological traits of the marine turban snail Tegula atra
Authors: Benítez Samanta , Lagos Nelson A , Griesshaber Erika , López Jorge , Villanueva Paola A , Moscoso Felipe , Navarro Jorge M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Herbivorous molluscs represent one of the greatest grazing impacts on abundance and diversity of primary producers in benthic ecosystems. However, shell biomineralization and the effects of nutritional content of kelp species on the physiological rate of herbivorous snails inhabiting intertidal-subtidal environments have scarcely been evaluated. Here, we investigated the mineralogy and organic composition of the shell on the marine turban snail Tegula atra. In addition, we conducted manipulative experiments to compare the nutritional quality of two kelp species, Lessonia spicata and Macrocystis pyrifera, and their influence on the feeding behavior and physiological rates of this snail species. Our results showed that the shell of T. atra consists of an outer calcitic and an inner aragonitic layer. Proteins were the main organic compounds at the inner surface of the shell, which showed an inverse pattern respect to carbonate signal. Experimental results demonstrated that L. spicata had the highest nutritional value (i.e., high organic matter and protein content), and was the preferred alga, compared with M. pyrifera in a choice experiment. However, no significant differences on consumption rate were found when the snails were maintained on a single algal species. Absorption efficiency and oxygen uptake were significatively higher for snails reared with L. spicata than M. pyrifera, but growth rate was similar. These results suggest that high metabolic activity was compensated by the high absorption efficiency of T. atra when it consumed the preferred L. spicata, which could explain the lack of relationship between preference and growth rate.
Construction of an infectious full‑length and eGFP-tagged cDNA clone of a chilli ringspot virus isolate from Yunnan province, China
Authors: Hua Mengying , Jiang Shanshan , Yuan Enping , Wan Qionglian , Wang Liyan , Lu Yuwen , Zheng Hongying , Chen Hairu , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei , Wang Shaoxiang , Peng Jiejun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chilli ringspot virus (ChiRSV; genus Potyvirus) was one of several viruses previously detected in pepper samples with severe yellowing and curling symptoms growing in Wenshan, Yunan province, China. We now report the full-length sequence of ChiRSV-YN/Wenshan (MZ269480) which has 88.5-98.9%. nucleotide identity to other published ChiRSV isolates. A full-length cDNA infectious clone was constructed. This cDNA and an eGFP-tagged clone were infectious leading to systemic symptoms in both Nicotiana benthamiana and Capsicum spp. Single infection by ChiRSV caused mild mosaic or leaf crinkling in Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L.
DNA Metabarcoding identifies urban foraging patterns of oligolectic and polylectic cavity-nesting bees
Authors: Fernandes Kristen Marie Rose , Prendergast Kit , Bateman Philip W , Saunders Benjamin J , Gibberd Mark , Bunce Michael , Nevill Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Urbanisation modifies natural landscapes resulting in built-up space and managed green spaces that often substitute native plant species with exotics. Some native bee species have been able to adapt to urban environments, foraging and reproducing in these highly modified areas. However, little is known on how the foraging ecology of native bees is affected by urbanised environments, and whether impacts vary among species with different degrees of specialisation for pollen collection. Here, we aim to investigate the responses of native bee foraging behaviour to urbanisation, using DNA metabarcoding to identify the resources within nesting tubes. We targeted oligolectic (specialist) and polylectic (generalist) cavity-nesting bee species in residential gardens and remnant bushland habitats. We were able to identify 40 families, 50 genera, and 23 species of plants, including exotic species. Oligolectic bee species had higher alpha diversity of plant pollen in their nesting tubes in residential gardens compared to bushland habitats, along with significantly different forage composition between the two habitats. This result implies a greater degree of forage flexibility and urban adaptation for oligolectic bee species than previously thought. In contrast, the richness and composition of plant forage in polylectic bee nesting tubes did not vary between the two habitat types. Our results suggest a complex response of cavity-nesting bees to urbanisation and support the need for additional research to understand how the shifts in foraging resources impact overall bee health.
Transcriptome Analysis of Aedes Albopictus Midguts Infected by Dengue Virus Identifies a Gene Network Module Highly Associated with Temperature
Authors: Liu Zhuanzhuan , Xu Ye , Li Yudi , Xu Shihong , Li Yiji , Xiao Ling , Chen Xiaoguang , He Cheng , Zheng Kui-Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Dengue is prevalent worldwide and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Temperature is a strong driver of dengue transmission. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Aedes albopictus mosquitoes exposed or not to dengue virus (DENV)-2 were reared at 23°C, 28°C and 32°C, and midguts and residual tissues were evaluated at 7 days after infection. RNA sequencing of midgut “pools” from the control group (CT), midgut breakthrough group (MB) and midgut nonbreakthrough group (MNB) at different temperatures was performed. The transcriptomic profiles were analyzed using the R package, followed by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and KEGG analysis to identify the important molecular mechanisms regulated by temperature. Results: The midgut infection rate (MIR) and midgut breakthrough rate (MBR) at 28°C and 32°C were significantly higher than those at 23°C, which indicates that high temperature facilitates DENV-2 breakthrough in the Ae. albopictus midgut. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the antiviral mechanism in the midgut. The results show that the midgut gene expression datasets clustered regarding temperature, blood feeding and midgut breakthrough. Over 1500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by pairwise comparisons of midguts at different temperatures. To assess key molecules regulated by temperature, we used WGCNA to identify 28 modules of co-expressed genes, and the ME3 module correlated with temperature. KEGG analysis indicates that RNA degradation, Toll and IMD signaling and other pathways are regulated by temperature. Conclusions: Temperature affects the infection and breakthrough of Ae. albopictus midguts invaded by DENV-2, and Ae. albopictus midgut transcriptomes change with temperature. The candidate genes and key pathways regulated by temperature provide targets for the prevention and control of dengue.
Primary healthcare professionals’ perspectives on patient help-seeking for lung cancer warning signs and symptoms: a qualitative study
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , O'Driscoll Michelle , FitzGerald Serena , Sahm Laura J. , Leahy-Warren Patricia , Noonan Brendan , Kilty Caroline , Lyons Noreen , Burns Heather E. , Kennedy Una , Lyng Áine , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Prompt patient help-seeking for signs and symptoms suggestive of lung cancer is crucial for early referral, diagnosis, and survivorship. However, patients diagnosed with lung cancer tend to delay help-seeking. This qualitative study explored perceived barriers to patient help-seeking and strategies to enhance help-seeking for lung cancer warning signs and symptoms from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals.
Methods

Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with 36 primary healthcare professionals. Data were collected via videoconferencing. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted.
Results

The following two themes were created from the data: (i) perceived barriers to patient help-seeking for signs and symptoms of concern and (ii) facilitating early patient presentation for signs and symptoms of concern. Some participants believed that the high cost of a general practitioner visit, long waiting times, and previous bad experiences with the healthcare system would deter patients from seeking help for symptoms of lung cancer. Perceived patient-related barriers to help-seeking related to the different emotions associated with a potential cancer diagnosis as well as embarrassment and guilt felt by smokers. Socio-demographic factors such as drug use, homelessness, living in rural areas, and being male and older were also perceived to impede patient help-seeking. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer help-seeking also featured strongly. Participants recommended several strategies to enable patients to seek help for symptoms of concern including targeted educational campaigns focussing on symptoms (e.g., cough) rather than behaviours (e.g., smoking), accessible and free health services, and using patients’ support networks.
Conclusions

Patient-related and healthcare system-related barriers to help-seeking for lung cancer warning signs and symptoms include cost of healthcare, cancer fear, and various socio-demographic factors. Increased awareness and early patient help-seeking for symptoms of concern can be achieved through targeted patient education, national campaigns, the use of community support networks, and free and accessible screening services.
Quality Improvement Interventions to Prevent Unplanned Extubations in Pediatric Critical Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wollny Krista , Cui Sara , McNeil Deborah , Benzies Karen , Parsons Simon J. , Sajobi Tolulope , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background An unplanned extubation is the uncontrolled and accidental removal of a breathing tube. The health impact of an unplanned extubation ranges from minimal to life-threatening, but this is an important quality indicator in pediatric critical care. ObjectiveTo comprehensively synthesize literature published on quality improvement (QI) practices implemented to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in critically ill children. Methods Data Sources and Study Selection: A search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL from inception through April 29, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened citations in duplicate using pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data Extraction and Data Synthesis: Data from included studies were abstracted using a tool created by the authors, and QI interventions were categorized using the Behavior Change Wheel. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS). Results were presented as descriptive statistics and narrative syntheses. ResultsTwelve studies were included in the final review. Ten described primary QI projects; two were sustainability studies that followed up on previously described QI interventions. Half of the included studies were rated as high-quality. The median number of QI interventions described by each study was 4.5 [IQR 4-5], with a focus on guidelines, environmental restructuring, education, training, and communication. Nine studies reported decreased unplanned extubation rates after the QI intervention; of these, six had statistically significant reductions. Both sustainability studies observed increased rates that were not statistically significant. ConclusionsThis review provides a comprehensive synthesis of QI interventions to reduce unplanned extubation. With only half the studies achieving a high-quality rating, there is room for improvement when conducting and reporting research in this area. Findings from this review can be used to support clinical recommendations to prevent unplanned extubations, and support patient safety in pediatric critical care. Systematic Review RegistrationThis review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021252233) prior to data extraction.
The impacts of primary tumor location on risk factors for recurrence in patients with advanced stage II colon cancer undergoing curative resection
Authors: Obana Ayato , Koyama Motoi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose

It has been reported that colon tumors show different characteristics according to the location of the primary tumor (left vs. right side). The aim of this study was to identify and compare clinicopathological risk factors for colon cancer recurrence based on primary tumor location, specifically, the right versus left colon.
Methods

A total of 235 patients with stage II colon cancer (including rectosigmoid cancer) who underwent curative resection with D2 or above lymph node dissection in multiple acute hospitals were analyzed retrospectively to compare clinicopathological risk factors and prognosis for recurrence of tumors originating in the right or left colon. Multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were modeled using the Cox-hazard model.
Results

For right-sided tumors, multivariate analysis revealed that no independent risk factors were associated with recurrence. In contrast, the risk factors associated with recurrence in left-sided tumors were perineural invasion and venous invasion. The 5-year overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates for patients with right and left side-originating tumors were comparable (OS: 93.0% and 93.3%, RFS: 93.0% and 88.3%, respectively).
Conclusion

Different clinicopathological risk factors for recurrence were identified in patients with right- vs. left-sided stage II colon cancer.