bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation on clinical effect of Huoxue-Jiangtang decoction formula granules in treating prediabetes: a randomized prospective placebo-controlled double-blind trial protocol
Authors: Zhang Peng-Xiang , Zeng Lin , Meng Lu , Li Hui-Lin , Zhao Heng-Xia , Liu De-Liang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Prediabetes is a hypermetabolic syndrome with blood sugar levels falling between the normal and diabetes. People with prediabetes have a significantly increased chances of developing diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, dementia, and other diseases in the future when compared to the healthy population. However, prediabetes is mainly treated based on lifestyle intervention, currently without targeted drug treatment plan. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has a longstanding experience, has been shown in clinical studies to be effective for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications. Furthermore, different dosage forms such as decoction and granule have developed gradually in clinical application. Preliminary studies have found that Huoxue-Jangtang Decoction (HJD), with good hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating effects, is potentially one of the complementary and alternative treatments for prediabetes. Therefore, this project intends to perform a prospective clinical study to observe the clinical effectiveness of HJD on prediabetes and the consistency of the efficacy of formula granules and the elixation.

Methods
This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 183 participants are randomly assigned to HJD Formula Granules plus lifestyle intervention, HJD Elixation plus lifestyle intervention, and placebo plus lifestyle intervention. All subjects undergo 1 day of screening before participating in the study, followed by 84 days of drug intervention and observation. During and after treatment, the main outcome measures include fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose.

Discussion
This research attempts to verify the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of HJD in the treatment of prediabetes, and prove the consistency of HJD Formula Granules with HJD Elixation. This study also aims to provide a treatment that is both effective and safe for prediabetic patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2200060813, Registered 12 June 2022.
Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: insights from a large cohort study
Authors: Xu Wei , Song Qirui , Wang Xiang , Zhao Zinan , Meng Xuyang , Xia Chenxi , Xie Yibo , Yang Chenguang , Guo Ying , Zhang Yatong , Wang Fang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Stress hyperglycemia is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has been proposed to represent relative hyperglycemia. Studies regarding the relationship between SHR and mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. This study aimed to clarify the association between SHR and in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD.

Methods
A total of 19,929 patients with CAD who were hospitalized in Beijing Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min, cancer, or missing blood glucose/HbA1c data were excluded; therefore, 8,196 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into three groups based on tertiles of SHR: T1 group (SHR < 0.725, n = 2,732), T2 group (0.725 ≤ SHR < 0.832, n = 2,730), and T3 group (SHR ≥ 0.832, n = 2,734). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.

Results
The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 0.91% (n = 74). After adjusting for covariates, SHR was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD [odds ratio (OR) = 17.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.668–30.027; P < 0.001], and the T3 group had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 4.901; 95% CI = 2.583–9.297; P < 0.001) compared with T1 group. In the subgroup analysis, the T3 group had an increased risk of mortality among patients with pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) (OR = 9.670; 95% CI = 1.886–49.571; P = 0.007) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 5.023; 95% CI = 2.371–10.640; P < 0.001) after adjustments for covariates. The relationship between SHR and in-hospital mortality among patients with ACS and chronic coronary syndrome was consistent with the main finding. SHR and in-hospital mortality exhibited a dose-response relationship, and the risk of in-hospital mortality increased when the SHR index was above 1.20. Moreover, the area under the curve of SHR for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD was 0.741.

Conclusion
SHR is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD. SHR may be an effective predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD, especially for those with pre-DM and DM.
Effect of cold storage on Carbofuran dissipation in Cabbages (Brassica Oleracea)
Authors: Shafiee Maeena Naman , Masoodi F. A. , Wani Sajad Mohd , Ahad Tehmeena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCabbage being a highly imported product is often subjected to long term cold storage to maintain product quality and in order to retain its freshness it is kept in cold chambers for a long time. Being highly infested by pests during storage, cabbages are often treated with insecticides having active ingredients such as carbofuran in them. Also, large number of malpractices have come into the notice of the regulatory bodies where the growers use last minute Carbofuran dips on the cabbage heads to improve the shine and lustre of the foliage for better marketability .Therefore, the study was conducted to monitor the effect of cold storage on degradation pattern of Carbofuran on Cabbage during storage in Kashmir valley. The level of carbofuran residue decreased with an increase in storage period Dissipation pattern was studied for three application rates of Carbofuran by dipping the samples in T1 (First dose) 3g/1000mL, T2 (Second dose) 2g/1000mL, T3 (Third dose) 1g/1000mL. The initial control deposit was found to be 0.05mg/kg for T1, 0.03mg/kg for T2, 0.01mg/kg for T3 on Cabbage. The residues were dissipated to about 0.02mg/kg in T1, 0.01mg/kg in T2 and ND in T3 after 60 days of application. The waiting period after proper risk assessment was calculated and was found to be 30 days for almost all application rates.
A rare cause of abdominal pain managed unconventionally: acute renal infarction caused by atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Ge Tao , Zhu ZhengCai , Wang Jinfeng , Zhou Wenjiao , Song Evelyn J. , Tang Shengxing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias. The main thrombotic complication of arterial fibrillation is ischemic stroke, but it can also cause acute renal infarction from embolization. The low incidence and nonspecific clinical manifestations of acute renal infarction make it difficult to diagnose, often leading to either delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Due to its rarity, more efficient treatment guidelines are helpful for the management of acute renal infarction related to the thromboembolic complication of arterial fibrillation.

Case reports
We report a case of acute renal infarction due to underlying arterial fibrillation, where a novel interventional therapeutic method was used. A 66-year-old Chinese man with arterial fibrillation, not on anticoagulation due to the patient’s preference, and coronary artery disease post-percutaneous coronary intervention to left anterior descending artery about 1 year ago, was currently on dual antiplatelet therapy. He suddenly developed intermittent and sharp left-sided abdominal pain and was found to have an acute left renal infarction on computed tomography scan. Angiogram showed acute occlusion of the left renal artery due to thromboembolism. For this patient, a combination method of local thrombus aspiration, angioplasty, and infusion of nitroglycerin and diltiazem were used, restoring blood flow to the left kidney. After recovery, the patient was discharged on aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin. At 6 months follow-up, there was no residual kidney dysfunction.

Conclusions
Acute renal infarction from thromboembolism is a rare but serious complication of arterial fibrillation. More efficient and different options for intervention methods will benefit the treatment of this disease. Here, we report a combination therapeutic method that has not been used in acute renal infarction associated with arterial fibrillation, and which restored renal perfusion and prevented long-term kidney injury.
The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis
Authors: Knudsen Kristel S. , Lehmann Sverre , Nielsen Rune , Tangedal Solveig , Paytuvi-Gallart Andreu , Sanseverino Walter , Martinsen Einar M. H. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Eagan Tomas M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of the pulmonary microbiome in sarcoidosis is unknown. The objectives of this study were the following: (1) examine whether the pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota differed in patients with sarcoidosis compared with controls; (2) examine whether there was an association between the microbiota and levels of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL).

Methods
Thirty-five sarcoidosis patients and 35 healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy and were sampled with oral wash (OW), protected BAL (PBAL), and left protected sterile brushes (LPSB). The fungal ITS1 region and the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME 2. The AMPs secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human beta defensins 1 and 2 (hBD-1 and hBD-2), were measured in PBAL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Aspergillus dominated the PBAL samples in sarcoidosis. Differences in bacterial taxonomy were minor. There was no significant difference in fungal alpha diversity between sarcoidosis and controls, but the bacterial alpha diversity in sarcoidosis was significantly lower in OW (p = 0.047) and PBAL (p = 0.03) compared with controls. The beta diversity for sarcoidosis compared with controls differed for both fungi and bacteria. AMP levels were significantly lower in sarcoidosis compared to controls (SLPI and hBD-1: p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between alpha diversity and AMPs.

Conclusions
The pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota in sarcoidosis differed from in controls. Lower antimicrobial peptides levels were seen in sarcoidosis, indicating an interaction between the microbiota and the innate immune system. Whether this dysbiosis represents a pathogenic mechanism in sarcoidosis needs to be confirmed in experimental studies.
In vivo genotoxicity assessment of a multiwalled carbon nanotube in a mouse ex vivo culture
Authors: Horibata Katsuyoshi , Takasawa Hironao , Hojo Motoki , Taquahashi Yuhji , Shigano Miyuki , Yokota Satoshi , Kobayashi Norihiro , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Honma Masamitsu , Hamada Shuichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected lung carcinogens because their shape and size are similar to asbestos. Various MWCNT types are manufactured; however, only MWNT-7 is classified into Group 2B by The International Agency for Research on Cancer. MWNT-7’s carcinogenicity is strongly related to inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, inconsistent results on MWNT-7 genotoxicity have been reported. We previously observed no significant differences in bothPig-a(blood) andgpt(lung) mutant frequencies between MWNT-7-intratracheally treated and negative control rats. In this study, to investigatein vivoMWNT-7 genotoxicity on various endpoints, we attempted to develop a lung micronucleus assay throughex vivoculture targeting the cellular fraction of Clara cells and alveolar Type II (AT-II) cells, known as the initiating cells of lung cancer. Using this system, we analyzed thein vivoMWNT-7 genotoxicity induced by both whole-body inhalation exposure and intratracheal instillation. We also conducted an erythrocyte micronucleus assay using the samples obtained from animals under intratracheal instillation to investigate the tissue specificity of MWNT-7 induced genotoxicities.Results We detected a significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated cells derived from the cellular fraction of Clara cells and AT-II cells in both MWNT-7-treated and positive control groups compared to the negative control group under both whole-body inhalation exposures and intratracheal instillation. Additionally, the erythrocyte micronucleus assay detected a significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated reticulocytes only in the positive control group.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that MWNT-7 was genotoxic in the lungs directly exposed by both the body inhalation and intratracheal instillation but not in the hematopoietic tissue.
Advances in the Development of Prodrugs as Selective Modulators of Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Pollock Julie A , Parker Hannah K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the complexity of estrogen signaling mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) in a variety of biological environments, there is great interest in the identification and optimization of selective estrogen receptor ligands. Prodrugs that can be activated in specific environments allow for tissue selectivity. Therefore, there have been recent advances in the development of prodrugs for ERs that can be released through enzymatic reactions, chemical reactions (eg, oxidation by reactive oxygen species or reduction by ascorbic acid), or light-mediated processes. In addition, researchers have linked ER ligands to additional drugs for selective cellular targeting. In this review, we highlight the compounds that have been generated and their potential uses in disease states such as breast cancer, inflammation, and menopause.
Gauging the learning environment at Damascus University Pharmacy School in Syria using the DREEM questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Saymeh Rowaida , Jamous Issam , Alhomsi Khaled 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: This study was undertaken to provide the first record of evaluation of the educational environment of the Bachelor of Pharmacy program at Damascus University (DU), Syria using the internationally adopted Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) tool and compare it with other pharmacy schools around the world. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at DU Pharmacy School in 2022. The validated DREEM 50-item inventory was added to Google Forms and used to collect data electronically. Data was collected during the second term between April 2022 and June 2022. Students from all years were included. Results: A total of 269 students completed the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha of the DREEM questionnaire was 0.94. The total DREEM score was 89.8±32.1/200. DU Pharmacy School scored significantly less on the total DREEM score than its other counterparts around the world with a large effect size (d>0.80). All subscales scored below 50% and the lowest scoring subscales were students’ perception of learning (SPL=41.8%) and students’ perception of the social environment (SSP=42.5%). Conclusions: This study provides the first assessment of the learning environment at DU Pharmacy School. The findings implied that the educational environment is in need of major improvement, especially in areas related to teaching and learning practices and the general social environment; future research should focus on designing interventions that could effectively address these potential areas of improvement.
Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: the mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping
Authors: Culpin Iryna , Hammerton Gemma , Bornstein Marc H. , Heron Jon , Evans Jonathan , Cadman Tim , Sallis Hannah M. , Tilling Kate , Stein Alan , Kwong Alex S.F. , Pearson Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for (B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding (B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying (B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012). Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.
High-Frequency Trading Strategies
Authors: Goldstein Michael , Kwan Amy , Philip Richard 
Published: October 2022

We examine the effect of high-frequency trading on market quality from the perspective of a limit order trader. By competing with slower limit order traders, high-frequency traders impose a welfare externality by selectively crowding out the most profitable limit orders. The order book imbalance immediately before each order submission, cancellation, and trade suggests that high-frequency traders strategically use limit order book information to supply liquidity on the thick side of the order book and demand liquidity from the thin side. This strategic behavior is more pronounced during volatile periods and when trading speeds increase. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Centre for International Finance and Regulation [Grant T013]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4539 .
Projeto “Obesidade Infantil”: um problema muito além da balança
Authors: Cruz Pereira Raquel Leal Cunha , Amancio de Sousa Patrick Rafael , Guedes Durães Christine , Meirelles Mendonça do Amaral Vitória , Necyk Barbara , Antonio de Saboya Luiz 
Published: October 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um projeto de design realizado em grupo para uma disciplina da graduação do 6º período do curso da ESDI/UERJ, durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A pesquisa baseou-se nas informações da dissertação de Cruz (2016), “Obesidade infantil: o contexto social em interface com a produção científica brasileira”. A principal informação deste trabalho que deu procedimento ao projeto, foi a importância da alimentação balanceada e nutritiva para as crianças. Logo, o objetivo do projeto foi divulgar a pesquisa científica com uma linguagem acessível para o público de faixa etária entre 6 a 10 anos. O trabalho baseia-se em uma exposição hipotética para o Museu da Vida, instituição pertencente à Fiocruz, no Rio de Janeiro. Elaborado com o esforço colaborativo entre os estudantes, demonstrou o potencial do design em apontar caminhos possíveis para uma divulgação científica inclusiva e compreensível às menores faixas etárias em resposta a cenários complexos.
Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA
Authors: Shao Min , Liu Bingkun , Wang Yanmei , Liu Yinggang , Qiao Xueguang 
Published: October 2022

An optical fiber Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometric humidity sensor based on black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and experimentally verified. The sensor is constructed by splicing a brief hollow core fiber (HCF) with a single-mode fiber (SMF) and filling the BPQDs-PVA compound into the HCF. When the proposed humidity sensor is placed in a humidity environment, BPQDs-PVA adsorbs water molecules in the air with increasing humidity, which changes the length of the FP cavity, as well as the refractive index of BPQDs-PVA, resulting in a spectral blueshift. The influence of the mixing ratio on humidity response properties has been experimentally investigated. A linear enhanced sensitivity of

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within the humidity range of 45-75 %RH has been achieved. The maximum instability is 0.07 %RH in a long-term stability test, whereas the response and recovery times are 1.44 and 1.48 s, respectively.
Flexible and simple telecentric camera calibration method
Authors: Duan Yu , Hu Pengyu , Deng Huiwen , Li Chuanxiang , Qu Xing , Zhang Guofeng , Yang Shuming 
Published: October 2022

The measurement accuracy of telecentric imaging technique straightforwardly depends on the calibration of the telecentric camera. We present a flexible and simple calibration method based on a telecentric imaging model and orthogonality of rotation matrix. First, we use the orthogonality of rotation matrix to solve the magnification. Second, the external parameters are solved by the imaging model, and the ambiguity of sign is solved. Finally, we use the LM nonlinear optimization method to solve the distortion parameters. Experimental results show that the reprojection error is 0.7 pixels, which represents the actual dimension of 6.37 µm. In addition, the standard measuring block and real objects are measured, and the results verify the measurement accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
Statistical parameters of femtosecond laser pulse post-filament propagation on a 65  m air path with localized optical turbulence
Authors: Apeksimov Dmitry V. , Bulygin Andrey V. , Geints Yury E. , Kabanov Andrey M. , Khoroshaeva Elena E. , Petrov Aleksey V. , Oshlakov Victor K. 
Published: October 2022

High-power femtosecond laser radiation propagates nonlinearly in air, exhibiting pulse self-focusing and strong multiphoton medium ionization, which leads to the spatial fragmentation of laser pulses into highly localized light channels commonly called filaments. Filaments are characterized by high optical intensity and reduced (even zero) angular spreading and can contain laser plasma or be plasmaless (postfilaments). The presence of optical turbulence on the propagation path dramatically changes pulse filamentation dynamics and in some cases causes pulse fragmentation enhancement and collapse arrest. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the transverse profile of Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser radiation nonlinearly propagating a 65 m air path to the region of postfilament evolution after passing through an artificial localized air turbulence. We show that when a turbulence layer is placed before the filamentation region, the average number of high-intensity local fluence maxima (“hot points”) in the beam profile and their sizes grow as the turbulence strength increases, and then saturates at some levels. On the contrary, the deposition of a turbulence screen within the filamentation region has almost no effect on either the number or the average diameter of postfilaments.