bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
Authors: Ari Eszter , Vásárhelyi Bálint Márk , Kemenesi Gábor , Tóth Gábor Endre , Zana Brigitta , Somogyi Balázs , Lanszki Zsófia , Röst Gergely , Jakab Ferenc , Papp Balázs , Kintses Bálint 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRetrospective evaluation of past waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic is key for designing optimal interventions against future waves and novel pandemics. Here, we report on analysing genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from the first two waves of the epidemic in 2020 in Hungary, mirroring a suppression and a mitigation strategy, respectively. Our analysis reveals that the two waves markedly differed in viral diversity and transmission patterns. Specifically, unlike in several European areas or in the USA, we have found no evidence for early introduction and cryptic transmission of the virus in the first wave of the pandemic in Hungary. Despite the introduction of multiple viral lineages, extensive community spread was prevented by a timely national lockdown in March 2020. In sharp contrast, the majority of the cases in the much larger second wave can be linked to a single transmission lineage of the pan-European B.1.160 variant. This lineage was introduced unexpectedly early, followed by a 2-month-long cryptic transmission before a soar of detected cases in September 2020. Epidemic analysis has revealed that the dominance of this lineage in the second wave was not associated with an intrinsic transmission advantage. This finding is further supported by the rapid replacement of B.1.160 by the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) that launched the third wave of the epidemic in February 2021. Overall, these results illustrate how the founder effect in combination with the cryptic transmission, instead of repeated international introductions or higher transmissibility, can govern viral diversity.
Patient-Important Outcomes Other Than Mortality in Contemporary ICU Trials: A Scoping Review
Authors: Granholm Anders , Anthon Carl T. , Kjær Maj-Brit N. , Maagaard Mathias , Kaas-Hansen Benjamin S. , Sivapalan Praleene , Schjørring Olav L. , Andersen Lars W. , Mathiesen Ole , Strøm Thomas , Jensen Aksel K. G. , Perner Anders , Møller Morten H. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in adult ICU patients increasingly include patient-important outcomes other than mortality. This comes with challenges regarding outcome choices/definitions, handling of deceased patients and missing data in analyses, and choices of effect measures and statistical methods due to complex distributions. This scoping review aimed to characterize how these challenges are handled in relevant contemporary RCTs.

DATA SOURCES:
We systematically searched 10 selected journals for RCTs conducted primarily in adult ICU patients published between 1 January 2018 and 5 May 2022 reporting at least one patient-important outcome other than mortality, including “days alive without”…-type outcomes, functional/cognitive/neurologic outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes, and ordinal/other outcomes.

STUDY SELECTION:
Abstracts and full-texts were assessed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers using predefined and pilot-tested extraction forms and subsequently categorized to facilitate analysis.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
We included 687 outcomes from 167 RCTs, with 32% of RCTs using a patient-important outcome other than mortality as a (co-)primary outcome, most frequently “days alive without”…-type outcomes. Many different functional/cognitive/neurologic (103) and HRQoL (29) outcomes were reported. Handling of deceased patients varied, with analyses frequently restricted to survivors only for functional/cognitive/neurologic (62%) and HRQoL (89%) outcomes. Follow-up was generally longer and missing data proportions higher for functional/cognitive/neurologic and HRQoL outcomes. Most outcomes were analyzed using nonparametric tests (31%), linear regression/t tests (27%), chi-square–like tests (12%), and proportional odds logistic regression (9%), often without presentation of actual treatment effects estimates (38%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this sample of RCTs, substantial variation in practice and suboptimal methodological choices were observed. This calls for increased focus on standardizing outcome choices and definitions, adequate handling of missing data and deceased patients in analyses, and use of statistical methods quantifying effect sizes.
A Descriptive Study of Maternal Choices for Labor Pain Relief
Authors: Rhode Mary Ann , Murdock Erica L. , Linares Colleen Zarate , Brou Lina 
Published: July 2022

Design:
In a setting with a wider than usual variety of available labor pain relief methods, a prospective, descriptive study was conducted of labor pain relief methods desired by low-risk women prenatally, during labor, and at delivery.

Subjects/Methods:
Of all women registering for care between 2017 and 2020, a total of 2562 women were screened for low-risk status and then offered study participation, if eligible. Of 1185 eligible women, 512 remained at low risk until admission in labor and completed the study. Pain relief methods chosen were compared with the type of labor, type of delivery, and between delivery sites.

Results/Conclusions:
Hydrotherapy and a “none/unmedicated” labor were favored by a majority of subjects, regardless of ultimate method used. Multiple labor pain relief methods were used by 54.5% of subjects. Epidural analgesia most often occurred with augmented labor. Hydrotherapy was used more by those with spontaneous labors, water birth deliveries, and birth center births. Effectiveness of all pain relief measures was rated above average. Differences between planned hospital and planned birth center births were clear on most variables. Results can be used by childbirth educators, health professionals, and administrators to respect and improve the individualization of care and satisfaction of laboring women.
Progress in the management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pozo Garcia Leonardo , Thomas Sandhya S. , Rajesh Harsith , Navaneethan Sankar D. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease in the world. Risk factor modification, glucose control, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade have remained the standard of care for 2 decades. New therapeutic agents have emerged in recent years, demonstrating kidney and cardiovascular benefits, and herein we review recent clinical trials on this topic.

Recent findings
After the publication of several cardiovascular outcome trials for sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), new trials have focused ON primary kidney-specific outcomes demonstrating safety and benefits among patients with proteinuric CKD; patients with or without diabetes, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) respectively. Similarly, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRAs) and glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have improved cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. Recently, clinical practice guidelines have also been updated to reflect this new evidence.

Summary
In summary, SGLT-2i, GLP-1 RAs, and ns-MRAs have demonstrated cardiovascular and kidney benefits, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, progression to end-stage kidney disease, and hospitalizations for heart failure exacerbation among diverse patient population.
“Low infection rate for hand fractures managed with surgical fixation under wide awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) in minor surgery”
Authors: Steve Anna Karlene , Shine Julien John , Yakaback Spencer , Matthews Jennifer Leah , Yeung Justin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to review the rate and type of infectious complications following surgical fixation of hand fractures managed under wide awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) in minor procedure rooms outside the main operating room.

Method:
A two-surgeon retrospective chart review for patients who received surgical fixation of hand fractures under WALANT in minor surgery from March 2014- March 2019 was performed.

Results:
Fifty-eight patients with fractures of the distal phalanx (16), middle phalanx (7), proximal phalanx (11) and metacarpal (26) were included in the study. Average patient age was 37 with a higher proportion of male patients (51:7). Two patients had two fractures each. Thirty of the 58 cases were already open fractures. Fixation was performed using either plates and screws (25/58), or non-buried Kirschner wires (31/58). Thirty-six percent (21/58) of patients were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. Only one patient developed a post-operative cellulitis. The only case of osteomyelitis occurred in a patient with risk factors known to increase rates of infectious complications (open fracture, smoking history and >24 from injury to treatment). No infectious complications occurred in those who sustained closed fractures.

Conclusions:
While the minor surgery environment varies significantly from the main operating room, infection rates following surgical fixation of hand fractures using WALANT in this setting remain low (3.4%), with no documented infections in fractures that were referred closed and surgically opened for the purpose of operative fixation.
Developing a Video-Based Learning Module to Teach Decision-Making for Cubital Tunnel Surgeries
Authors: Yee Andrew , Padovano William M. , Patterson J. Megan M. , Pet Mitchell A. , Zazulia Allyson R. , Dengler Jana , Novak Christine B. , Coert J. Henk , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Although intraoperative educational videos have become increasingly popular, comparatively few videos teach clinical reasoning for surgical procedures. The objectives of this study are to (1) develop an engaging online video-based module to teach decision-making for cubital tunnel surgeries, including supercharge nerve transfer, using a multimedia learning framework, and (2) evaluate its effectiveness and use for continuing professional development.

Methods:
The educational module consisted of a pre-lecture knowledge assessment, choice of two self-guided video lectures (7-minutes and 28-minutes), and a post-lecture knowledge assessment. An additional assessment examined knowledge retention three months after module completion. Surgeon surveys were administered after each knowledge assessment.

Results:
A total of 279 surgeons participated in the educational module (75% practicing surgeons, 25% trainees), 112 surgeons completed the post-lecture assessment, and 71 surgeons completed the knowledge retention assessment. Median score on the pre-lecture assessment was 5 out of 10 (IQR 4 to 7). Scores improved by 3 points (10-point scale, p<0.0001) in the post-lecture assessment. Median score on the knowledge retention assessment was 8 out of 10 (IQR 6 to 9), with participants maintaining a 2-point increase from their pre-lecture score (p=0.0002). Among surgeons completing this assessment, 68% reported that the module had changed their management of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Conclusions:
This study introduces a framework for the development of online multimedia modules for surgical education. It also underscores a demand among surgeons for easily accessible, reusable educational resources. Similar video-based modules may be developed to address this demand to facilitate continuing professional development in surgery.
Evaluation of the Viability and Survival of Diced Cartilage Grafts Shaped with 3D Printed Bioresorbable Polycaprolactone Molds 3D Printed PCL-Diced Cartilage Hybrid Grafts
Authors: Canli Mert , Karasoy Yeşilada Ayşin , Ulağ Songül , Dobral Arzu , Yalçin Özben , Gündüz, Oğuzhan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The main problem with the use of diced cartilage grafts is related to the difficulties encountered in shaping the graft and unpredictible graft resorbtion. Aim of this study is to evaluate the permanence and viability of diced cartilage grafts shaped with the help of biodegradable 3D printed PCL molds.

Methods:
Three groups were studied in the each of the 8 rabbits as block cartilage (group 1), diced cartilage (group 2) and diced cartilage shaped with PCL mold (group 3). A total of 24 cartilage grafts obtained at the end of the 12 week follow-up period and 10 different histopathological parameters were analyzed in each cartilage graft.

Results:
Diced cartilages shaped with 3D printed PCL mold showed increased regeneration potential of chondrocytes, vascularization an collagen production. Use of PCL mold did not cause any additional risk of inflammation, fibrosis or metaplastic bone formation.

Conclusion:
In the study, it has been shown that 3D printed PCL molds can be used safely in shaping diced cartilage grafts. In the light of this study, it will be possible to produce hybrid grafts that can be used safely in many surgeries such as nasal reconstruction, rhinoplasty, auricle reconstruction and repair of orbital floor fractures with the help of molds produced in more complex ways.
The effect of carboxymethyl chitin on capsule formation around silicone implants: an in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Li Shasha , Ren Liwen , Jia Di , yang Dan , Hao Lijun 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Capsular contracture is a serious complication that occurs after augmentation mammoplasty. We previously identified that carboxymethyl chitin (CMC) had an inhibitory effect on capsule formation. This study was performed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms through which CMC inhibits the formation of a capsule around silicone implants.

Methods:
In this study, we cultured human dermal fibroblasts and treated them with CMC in vitro. The difference in proliferation between treated and untreated cells was analyzed through the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Protein levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined by western blot analysis. Expression levels of type I and type III collagen were checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vivo, silicone implants were placed under the pectoralis muscle in 12 female rabbits. The thickness of the capsule was measured by histological analysis, and the effect of CMC on α-SMA, collagen type I and III expression levels was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results:
In the in vitro study, we confirmed that CMC inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts. The protein expression levels of collagen type I, TGF-β1, and α-SMA were inhibited by CMC treatment. In vivo, CMC treatment reduced capsular thickness and the expression of α-SMA, collagen type I and III in capsules around silicone implants.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that CMC could influence capsule formation around silicone implants by inhibiting the fibroblast activity, interrupting fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, and decreasing collagen synthesis.
The changing nature of Earth's reflected sunlight
Authors: Stephens Graeme L. , Hakuba Maria Z. , Kato Seiji , Gettelman Andrew , Dufresne Jean-Louis , Andrews Timothy , Cole Jason N. S. , Willen Ulrika , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: July 2022

The increased rate of sea-level rise suggests that Earth's energy imbalance is also increasing over time. This study assesses whether 20 years of direct observations of this energy imbalance from Earth-orbiting satellites support the existence of a real trend in this imbalance and the components of it and finds. Changes to the imbalance observed are found to be consistent across multiple sources of observations. The majority of recent studies now clearly point to this energy imbalance being positive, while forced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, being amplified significantly by decreases to the amount of sunlight reflected by Earth to space. Here, we show that the global changes observed appear largely from reductions in the amount of sunlight scattered by Earth's atmosphere. These reductions, in turn, are found to be almost equally split between reduced reflection from the cloudy and clear regions of the atmosphere, with the latter being suggestive of reduced scattering by aerosol particles over the observational period. Climate models, however, show an almost exclusive response from clouds, and a slightly exaggerated darkening of the surface. Thus, models that match the global shortwave change do so for the wrong reasons.
Variable pitch control of a quadrotor using adaptive sliding mode controller
Authors: Mosalsal Maryam , Khodabandeh Mahdi 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the characteristics and modeling of the variable pitch quadrotor. In a variable pitch quadrotor, unlike ordinary quadrotors that the force is generated by the rotors, the speed of the rotors is constant, and the force is generated by varying the pitch angle of blades.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a sliding mode controller and an adaptive sliding mode controller are used to control the variable pitch quadrotor to have better performance.

Findings
The variable pitch mechanism has a wider control bandwidth, and it is able to produce a negative thrust that facilitates trajectory tracking and aggressive maneuvers. The simulation results indicate high performance of the proposed control scheme in presence of disturbance and changes in mass of the quadrotor.

Originality/value
The performance of the controllers for the variable pitch quadrotor is investigated through computer simulation with MATLAB software.
Circular economy in pharmaceutical industry through the lens of stimulus organism response theory
Authors: Sabat Kali Charan , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Krishnamoorthy Bala 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore circular economy (CE) initiatives and apply the stimulus-organism-response theory to find the socio-political drivers and enablers of CE in the pharmaceutical industry. CE as a concept was relatively not studied much with respect to socio-political interests from operations management perspectives. This was especially so in the pharmaceutical industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This research study was anchored in the theoretical conversation of stimulus-organism-response theory to find the socio-political interests and enablers of the regenerative CE principles. These were the functions of remanufacturing, reuse and recycle. For this research study, data was collected in two steps. First, eight industry practitioners were interviewed to understand the CE practices in the pharmaceutical industry. Then 166 chiefs of production and operations functions from 124 pharmaceutical companies were surveyed. The quantitative data was empirically analyzed using SmartPLS3 software.

Findings
This research study revealed that pressure from suppliers and other public stakeholders were driving regenerative CE practices in the pharmaceutical industry. The results further stated that CE enablers such as green information technology systems and internal environmental management were critical for making pharmaceutical manufacturing operations circular.

Research limitations/implications
This research study measured the constructs on a formative scale. Studies measuring socio-political interests, CE enablers and sustainability practices constructs on a formative scale were much required for the development of the CE theory. This research study output could be applied across geographies and industries to measure the indicators of CE.

Practical implications
This research study indicated that in the context of the pharmaceutical industry, there was an overemphasis on the remanufacture and reuse principles. However, the focus on recycling principles was mostly subdued. For managers and regulators in the pharmaceutical sector, this research study provided clear insights that for more effective CE implementation. This was based on an effective application of recycling practices in the critical functions in pharmaceutical industry.

Originality/value
Earlier research studies on green and environmental manufacturing were focused on linear production models. To provide clear and robust foundations for CE theory, this research study considered operations management from the perspective of the value chain. This comprised the entire circular production model. Earlier research studies had treated socio-political interests, CE enablers and sustainability practices as reflective constructs. This study was one of the foremost to measure these constructs on a formative scale.
The impact of psychosocial working conditions on information security behaviour in the nuclear industry
Authors: Gyllensten Kristina , Törner Marianne , Pousette Anders 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relations among job resources, value conflicts, information security climate and information security behaviour in the nuclear industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Longitudinal questionnaire data on information security climate and psychosocial working conditions were collected from two organisations in Sweden (response rate 62% and 59%, respectively).

Findings
A high occurrence of value conflicts decreased the participative information security behaviour, while psychosocial job resources and high job demands had positive effects on such behaviour. High rule-compliant information security behaviour led to fewer perceived value conflicts. When job resources were high, high job demands had a positive effect on rule compliance. Information security climate had a strong and positive cross-sectional relationship with information security behaviour but no longitudinal influence on behaviour. This suggests that the time interval, one year between measurements, may have been too long and events between measurements may have masked the causal process.

Originality/value
As one of very few longitudinal studies of information security, this study illuminated causal relationships regarding information security behaviour that have not been possible to identify in previous cross-sectional research. This enables better understanding of psychosocial phenomena and processes of importance for information security. This study does not provide conclusive results but indicates new important directions for research.