bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du rapport entre psychiatre et psychologue, du point de vue d’un psychiatre
Authors: Devos Antoine 
Published: September 2022

Psychiatres et psychologues se côtoient en pratique et travaillent plus ou moins bien ensemble. Une question souvent posée est celle de savoir quelles sont les différences entre ces deux métiers qui partagent la même racine étymologique. Une autre est de savoir comment font ces deux métiers pour effectivement travailler ensemble. Vaste sujet pourrait on dire, et pourtant, insuffisamment pensé. Seraient-ils trop proches pour être distingués autrement qu’en étant comparés ? Comment sortir des registres clivants et des catégorisations généralistes sources de préjugés entravant les dynamiques de soins ? C’est à cet exercice que le présent article travaille afin de situer les enjeux inhérents à leurs rapports, ouvrant à d’éventuelles conflictualités fécondes.
Selective decrease in alpha1-antitrypsin levels in diabetic retinopathy: Could the levels of it be playing a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy?
Authors: Kunder Mamatha , Lakshmaiah V. , Kutty A.V. Moideen 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to induce inflammation and activation of neutrophils causing the release of neutrophil elastase (NE), a pro-inflammatory proteinase. The activity of NE is regulated by endogenous inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and alpha2-macroglobulin (α2-MG). Disrupted proteolytic homeostasis in T2DM patients is one of the causes for vascular complications. This study was carried out for evaluating the levels of plasma NE, α1-AT, α2-MG and NE-α1-AT complex to understand their roles in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:
A total of 240 participants (Control, n=60; T2DM, n=60; DN, n=60; and DR, n=60) were recruited after recording history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Retinopathy was confirmed by fundoscopy and nephropathy by urinary albumin excretion and serum creatinine levels. NE was measured using STANA. α1-AT, α2-MG and NE-α1-AT complex were estimated by ELISA.

Results:
Baseline clinical and laboratory findings were confirmatory to the study groups. The mean elastase activity was higher (P<0.0005) in diabetes groups (T2DM=0.73±0.31, DN=0.87±0.35, DR=0.76±0.41) than controls (0.35±0.20). The levels of α1-AT were lower in DR (8.77±2.85) than DN (26.26±6.16) and T2DM (41.13±14.06) when juxtaposed with controls (122.95±25.71). The approximate fold decrease of α1-AT levels was 15 for DR and four for DN compared to controls. The levels of α2-MG were lowered in T2DM (167.29±30.45), DN (144.66±13.72), and DR (104.67±11.47) than controls (208.87±31.16). The NE-α1-AT complex levels were: controls (215.83±13.61), T2DM (98.85±23.85), DN (129.26±20.40) and DR (153.25±17.11).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Homeostasis of NE, α1-AT and α2-MG is disrupted in T2DM, DN and DR. Strikingly reduced levels of α1-AT observed in DR are indicative of its possible role in the pathophysiology of retinopathy and emphasizes α1-AT as a plausible therapeutic target.
Changes in olfaction & quality of life following standard medical therapy in patients with intermittent & persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sara Katti Blessi , Rupa V. , Jeyaseelan L. 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease prevalent worldwide which can affect both olfaction and quality of life (QoL). The objective of the present study was to assess olfaction and QoL changes in patients with AR before and after medical therapy.

Methods:
Adult participants (>18 yr) with AR were recruited for this study. These patients prospectively underwent olfaction testing using the modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Centre Test and QoL assessment using Rhinoconjunctivitis QoL Questionnaire (RQLQ) before and after standard medical therapy with topical steroids and/antihistaminics.

Results:
Of the 150 patients recruited, 72 per cent had intermittent AR. The symptom of hyposmia was present in 34 patients (22.7%) and was more prevalent in patients with moderate-to-severe type of AR (P<0.001). However, olfaction testing revealed hyposmia/anosmia in 44 patients (29.3%). Mean composite olfaction scores were significantly higher in patients with mild AR compared to moderate/severe AR (P=0.026). The pre-therapy mean composite olfaction score in the 34 patients with olfaction disturbances was 3.1 standard deviation (±1.06 SD). Following therapy, the mean composite olfaction score rose to 4.3 (±1.34 SD) and this change was found to be significant (P<0.001). Mean pre-therapy RQLQ scores were 2.87 (0.06-5.33) overall. Significant improvement was also found in RQLQ scores following therapy (P<0.001). Mean RQLQ scores were significantly lower in those with moderate-to-severe AR (P<0.001) as well as those with intermittent AR (P=0.004). Nine patients had persistently high RQLQ scores after medical therapy.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Both olfaction and QoL showed significant improvement after medical therapy in Indian adults with AR. In those patients who do not improve, other causes must be sought for the persistent symptoms.
Revisiting the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for the impact of BCG revaccination on the incidence of tuberculosis disease
Authors: Velayutham Banurekha , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Kumaran Paramasivam Paul , Watson Basilea , Rajendran Krishnan , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Vaccines play a crucial role in the prevention of tuberculosis (TB). Revaccination with Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) for the prevention of TB is an important strategy that is currently gaining interest. The objective of this study was to reanalyze the community-based Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for protective efficacy of BCG revaccination against incident TB disease.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial (conducted in 1968) data was carried out. Data on participants with evidence of prior BCG vaccination at trial intake and randomized to BCG vaccine [low dose (0.01 mg), high dose (0.1 mg)] and placebo arms were analyzed. The incidence of TB disease, which was based on sputum culture and/or chest X-ray was compared between the BCG and placebo arms over a 15 yr follow up period.

Results:
Of the 269,727 individuals randomized in the trial; 263,158 had no evidence of TB at baseline, of which 4436 (1.68%) had evidence of BCG vaccination at trial intake (2890 in the BCG vaccine and 1546 in the placebo arms, respectively). There were 77 (190 per 100,000) and 64 (296 per 100,000) incident TB cases in the BCG and placebo arm, respectively, at 15 yr post-vaccination. The incidence of TB disease was significantly lower in the BCG arm [Hazard ratio of BCG arm (95% confidence interval): 0.64 (0.46-0.89)].

Interpretation & conclusions:
Retrospective data analysis of this community-based trial revealed that BCG revaccination in a community offered modest protection against the development of TB disease at the end of 15 years which, however, requires further evaluation.
Mortality audit of COVID-19 infection among children
Authors: Sharma Raman , Agarwal Ashish , Ranjan Ankit , Jayashree Muralidharan , Kumar Praveen 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
As severe COVID-19 and mortality are not common in children, there is a scarcity of data regarding the cause of mortality in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study was aimed to describe the all-cause mortality and COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality) in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a paediatric COVID facility in a tertiary care centre.

Methods:
Data with respect to clinical, epidemiological profile and causes of death in non-survivors (0-12 yr old) of SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a dedicated tertiary care COVID hospital in north India between April 2020 and June 2021 were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
A total of 475 SARS-CoV-2–positive children were admitted during the study period, of whom 47 died [18 neonates, 14 post-neonatal infants and 15 children (1-12 yr of age)]. The all-cause mortality and COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality) were 9.9 per cent (47 of 475) and 1.9 per cent (9 of 475), respectively. Underlying comorbidities were present in 35 (74.5%) children, the most common being prematurity and perinatal complications (n=11, 24%) followed by congenital heart disease (n=6, 13%). The common causes of death included septic shock in 10 (21%), COVID pneumonia/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in nine (19%), neonatal illnesses in eight (17%), primary central nervous system disease in seven (15%) and congenital heart disease with complication in six (13%) children.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed a high prevalence of underlying comorbidities and a low COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality). Our findings highlight that mortality due to COVID-19 can be overestimated if COVID-19 death and all-cause mortality in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are not separated. Standardized recording of cause of death in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection is important.
Genotypic characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus causing urinary tract infection in northern India
Authors: Das Ayan Kumar , Dudeja Mridu , Kohli Sunil , Ray Pratima 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococci are difficult to treat given the limited therapeutic alternatives. Different gene clusters are known to confer vancomycin resistance. vanA and vanB genes are transferable and are clinically relevant. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the vancomycin-resistant genotypes in the strains causing urinary tract infection and also to test the in vitro efficacy of linezolid and pristinamycin against the vancomycin-resistant isolates.

Methods:
Antimicrobial resistance profile of 118 enterococcal isolates was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin, teicoplanin and high-level gentamicin (HLG) was determined by micro broth dilution. The vancomycin-resistant isolates were tested against linezolid and pristinamycin by micro-broth dilution and E strip method. The presence of vancomycin-resistant genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced and analyzed.

Results:
Most commonly isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis (76.9%) and Enterococcus faecium (16.9%). It was found that 43 per cent of the isolates were resistant to HLG and 16.9 per cent to vancomycin. Higher resistance was seen against fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, tetracycline and β-lactam drugs. However, 5.08 per cent strains were resistant to tigecycline. All vancomycin-resistant strains were sensitive to pristinamycin and one was resistant to linezolid. vanA and vanB gene were found in 15 and five isolates, respectively. The gene sequences were submitted to NCBI gene bank and accession numbers were obtained.

Interpretation &conclusions:
The present study showed prevalence of vanA and vanB genes carrying Enterococcus in a tertiary care centre in north India. The emergence of resistance against drugs such as tigecycline and linezolid is a topic of concern as it will be a therapeutic challenge for physicians.
Injecting drug use & HIV prevalence among female sex workers: Evidence from the National Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance, India
Authors: Arumugam Elangovan , Aridoss Santhakumar , David Joseph K. , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Balasubramanian Ganesh , Natesan Manikandan , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Padmapriya V.M. , Kumar Pradeep , Rajan Shobini , Mehendale Sanjay 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Female sex workers (FSWs) who inject drugs (FSW-IDs) have a higher risk of HIV infection and transmission. Understanding the socio-demographic characteristics and other risk behaviours among FSW-IDs will help in strengthening targeted interventions for HIV prevention and management. In the present study, the HIV prevalence, associated socio-demographic characteristics and risk behaviours among FSWs who injected drugs (FSW-IDs) and those who did not ID (FSW-NIDs) was determined in India.

Methods:
The national cross-sectional, community-based, integrated biological and behavioural surveillance was conducted in 2014-2015 at 73 randomly selected FSW domains across 28 States and Union Territories in India. The sample size was fixed at 400 for each domain, and a probability-based sampling method was followed. The data were analyzed by logistic regression methods.

Results:
Data from 27,007 FSWs were included in the analysis, of which 802 (3%) were FSW-IDs. HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs was significantly higher than that in FSW-NIDs (4.5 vs. 1.9%). Univariate analysis showed that factors significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs were older age, sex work as the only source of income, dissolved marriage, living with a sex worker, urban locality of sex work and consumption of alcohol or oral drugs. In multivariable analysis, factors such as older age of FSW-IDs (35 yr and above), having a dissolved marriage and sex work being the only source of income were observed to be independently and significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Scaling up the HIV preventive interventions for FSW-IDs, such as facilitating awareness and improved access to needle and syringe exchange programme (NSEP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST), encouraging safe sex and injecting practices, educating on the harmful effects of alcohol and drugs and providing alternative vocation options to secure their financial needs are several strategies that may reduce HIV transmission among FSWs.
Role of computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of haemoptysis in children: Decoding the abnormal vessels
Authors: Shera Tahleel Altaf , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Naranje Priyanka , Meena Pankaj , Kabra Sushil K. , Gupta Arun Kumar , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Haemoptysis in children is potentially life-threatening. In most cases, the bleeding arises from the systemic circulation, and in 5-10 per cent of cases, it arises from the pulmonary circulation. The role of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in this setting is important. This study was undertaken (i) to study the role of single-phase split-bolus dual energy contrast-enhanced multidetector row CTA (DECTA) in the evaluation of haemoptysis in children; (ii) to analyze the patterns of abnormal vascular supply in the various aetiologies encountered.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 86 patients who underwent split bolus DECTA for the evaluation of haemoptysis was performed. Final diagnoses were categorized as normal computed tomography, active tuberculosis (TB), post-infectious sequelae, non-TB active infection, cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, congenital heart disease (CHD), interstitial lung disease, vasculitis, pulmonary thromboembolism and idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. Abnormal bronchial arteries (BAs) and non-bronchial systemic collateral arteries (NBSCs) were assessed for number and site and their correlation with underlying aetiologies.

Results:
A total of 86 patients (45 males, age from 0.3 to 18 yr, mean 13.88 yr) were included in the study; among these only two patients were less than five years of age. The most common cause of haemoptysis was active infection (n=30), followed by bronchiectasis (n=18), post-infectious sequelae (n=17) and CHD (n=7). One hundred and sixty five abnormal arteries were identified (108 BA and 57 NBSC), and were more marked in bronchiectasis group.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Active infections and bronchiectasis are the most common causes of haemoptysis in children. While post-infectious sequelae are less common, in patients with haemoptysis, the presence of any abnormal arteries correlates with a more frequent diagnosis of bronchiectasis. NBSCs are more common in post-infectious sequelae and CHD.
Understanding the dynamics of IgM & IgG antibodies in COVID-19-positive patients
Authors: Kaduskar Ojas , Gurav Yogesh K. , Deshpande Ketki , Desphande Gururaj Rao , Yadav Pragya , Rakhe Aparana , Tilekar Bipin N. , Gomade Prasad , Salunke Asha , Patil Chetan , Dange Varsha , Salve Pavan , Patsute Sudhir , Abraham Priya , Sapkal Gajanan N. 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has been a threat to humankind due to the rapid spread of infection and appearance of multiple new variants. In the present study, we report the dynamics and persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients by chemiluminescent assay.

Methods:
A total of 463 serum samples from 218 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients were collected over a period of 124 days post-onset of disease (POD). Antibody levels were measured by chemiluminescence bioanalyzer. Neutralizing antibody titres were assessed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for SARS-CoV-2.

Results:
Both IgM and IgG started appearing from day five post-infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. IgM antibody response peaked around day 35 POD and rapidly diminished thereafter, with the last IgM-positive sample observed at 90 days POD. IgG antibody response peaked around 45 days POD and persisted till 124 days. The chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) results showed a moderate correlation (R=0.5846, P<0.001) compared with PRNT. Additional analysis indicated a neutralizing titre of 250 corresponded to 12.948 AU/ml of YHLO iFlash SARS-CoV-2 IgG units.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients seem to initiate production of antibody responses from day five of onset of disease. Although the CLIA gives high sensitivity and specificity and also its binding IgG antibody titres may correlate moderately with protective immunity, our results indicate that the values of binding antibody alone may not be a perfect guide to represent virus neutralization titre during donor selection for plasma therapy. However, IgM and IgG antibody detection may help in monitoring the status of disease progression and burden in the community.
Detection of ocular hypertelorism among Indian children
Authors: Bhalla Anil Kumar , Kaur Harvinder , Kaur Rupinder 
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:
Ocular hypertelorism constitutes an important component of many clinical syndromes. It is typically recommended to use inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypo/hypertelorism. Barring infancy, there is a scarcity of data on this anthropometric parameter relating to the ocular apparatus. This study aims to study auxological dynamics of IPD in children of Indian origin.

Methods:
A total of 3622 ( 2239 males and, 1383 females) normal, healthy Indian children of North-western origin, aged one month to 14 yr comprised the sample for this study. Inner and outer-canthal distance were measured using standardized anthropometric techniques. None of the children who participated in this study had craniofacial dysmorphism or any body deformity. Mean (standard deviation SD) and percentiles were calculated for IPD in male and female subjects at different age levels.

Results:
IPD increased from 4.68±0.21 to 6.19±0.36 cm in males and from 4.59±0.26 to 6.08±0.25 cm in females between one month and 14 yr of age. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, the gender differences became significant (P≤0.05) at 10, 11, 16-18 and 22-24 months, respectively, and five and 10 yr of age, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that the patients having IPD less than the 3rd percentile should be treated as cases of hypotelorism while, those exceeding 97th percentile as cases of hypertelorism. The use of percentile grids presented for IPD may be used to detect ocular hypotelorism and hypertelorism in male and female children to corroborate diagnosis of different syndromes.
Prevalence of ABO Blood Group System in Southern Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Ayit Aalae Salman , Obayes AL Khikani Falah Hasan , Abadi Raheem Malallah 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
ABO blood grouping is now regarded as one of the most important immunological tests to do before numerous treatments, including clinical blood transfusion operations. The purpose of this study was to record the different blood types among the people of southern Babylon, Iraq, and compare the findings for males and females.

METHODS:
A total of 10,570 subjects, of which 6643 were females, and 3927 were males, were involved in this study from February 2, 2022, to June 1, 2022. The antigen-antibody agglutination test was used to determine blood type and Rh factor. For both males and females, the frequency of each kind was determined.

RESULTS:
The blood group O was the most common among the investigated population in all areas and among both sexes, followed by blood groups B and A, with the B group somewhat higher among females and the A slightly higher among men. The AB blood group was the least common of the four. Blood type B was prevalent in females (26.97%) compared to males (24.41%). Whereas blood type A was more prevalent in males (24.59%) compared to females (24.12%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Positive Rh+ (antigen D) was observed in 9492 (89.8%) of all participants, whereas Rh negative in 1078 (10.2%). Prevalence of blood O positive was more predominant in females than in males (40.77% and 28.69%, respectively). Group AB positive was more predominant in males than in females (14.8% and 7.48%, respectively).
Factor Associated with Treatment Noncompletion during Implementation of Isoniazid-Preventive Therapy in Ten Pilot Sites of Lome, Togo
Authors: Biaou Doevi Mawuena , Stephane Adambounou Tete Amento , Ogounde Nadjide Alade , Tchedeke Efio Marius Mariano , Adjoh Komi Seraphin 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Tuberculosis (TB) represents the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Several studies have proven the effectiveness of isoniazid-preventive treatment (IPT) in reducing the incidence and mortality of TB. The study aims to identify the factors associated with noncompletion of the treatment during the pilot phase of IPT implementation.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study using data routinely collected in ten PLHIV care centers in Lomé, Togo, conducted between June 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. All confirmed PLHIV newly enrolled in care who gave consent were included. IPT tolerance and signs of TB were checked at each appointment. To identify the factors associated with noncompletion of treatment, a logistic regression model was developed.

RESULTS:
Sixty-five percent of the 301 patients were female. The mean age was 39.8 ± 13.2 years. Respectively, 43.8% and 41.9% of the patients were at clinical stages 1 and 2. The mean completion rate was 42.9% with extremes depending on the center ranging from 9.5% to 90.0%. The main causes of noncompletion were isoniazid stockouts (45.9%), lost to follow-up (37.8%), and noncompliance (12.8%). Multivariate analysis identified stockouts, public type of center, and poor general condition at the inclusion as risk factors for noncompletion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Good results obtained by some centers prove that the implementation of the intervention is indeed possible, as long as good management of drug stocks and better follow-up of patients are ensured.