bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Misperceptions?
Authors: GRAHAM MATTHEW H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurvey data are commonly cited as evidence of widespread misperceptions and misinformed beliefs. This paper shows that surveys generally fail to identify the firm, deep, steadfast, confidently held beliefs described in leading accounts. Instead, even those who report 100% certain belief in falsehoods about well-studied topics like climate change, vaccine side effects, and the COVID-19 death toll exhibit substantial response instability over time. Similar levels of response stability are observed among those who report 100% certain belief in benign, politically uncontested falsehoods—for example, that electrons are larger than atoms and that lasers work by focusing sound waves. As opposed to firmly held misperceptions, claims to be highly certain of incorrect answers are best interpreted as “miseducated” guesses based on mistaken inferential reasoning. Those reporting middling and low levels of certainty are best viewed as making close-to-blind guesses. These findings recast existing evidence as to the prevalence, predictors, correction, and consequences of misperceptions and misinformed beliefs.
Policy Threat, Partisanship, and the Case of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: METTLER SUZANNE , JACOBS LAWRENCE R. , ZHU LING 
Published: July 2022

How do political conditions influence whether public support develops for a new policy? Specifically, does the presence of partisan polarization and a viable threat to a policy’s continuation prevent the emergence of such support? We propose a theoretical framework that considers how policy feedback may be affected by the presence or absence of both policy threat and polarization. We argue that a threat is likely to increase policy salience and trigger loss aversion, expanding policy feedback even amid strong partisanship. We examine the threat to the Affordable Care Act after Republicans won control of Congress and the White House and stood poised to act on their long promise to repeal the law. Five waves of panel data permit analysis of how individuals’ responses to the law changed over time, affecting their support for it as well as their voting calculations. The results suggest that policy threat heightens the effect of policy feedback for some populations while depressing it for others, in some cases mitigating partisan polarization, and overall boosting program support.
The effects of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following high-intensity interval training sessions: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Moslemi Elham , Dehghan Parvin , Khani Mostafa , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Sarmadi Bahareh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity. However, acute HIIT overstresses the oxidative system and causes muscle soreness and damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of date seeds on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following HIIT sessions. Thirty-six physically active men and women aged 18–35 years were assigned to take 26 g/d of date seed powder (DSP,n18) or wheat bran powder (placebo,n18) before and after HIIT workouts for 14 d. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-iso-PGF2αwere determined at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 24-h post-intervention. We used the Cooper and running-based anaerobic sprint test to assess aerobic and anaerobic performance at the study’s beginning and end. Independent-samples Student’sttests, ANCOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare the quantitative variables. Positive changes were observed in TAC, TOS, OSI, GPx, MDA and visual analogue scale after intervention and at 24-h post-exercise (P< 0·05). Likewise, peak power and fatigue index were significantly improved in DSP in comparison with the placebo group. Levels of SOD, uric acid, 8-iso-PGF2α, VO2max and average power were not changed after training. Our results showed that date seed supplementation in active participants performing HIIT bouts ameliorated oxidative stress and improved performance parameters.
Between global collaboration and national competition: Unraveling the many faces of Arctic science diplomacy
Authors: Rüffin Nicolas , Rüland Anna-Lena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It has been argued that science diplomacy (SD) helps avoid or mitigate conflicts among stakeholders in the Arctic. Yet underlying some of these well-intended and sometimes successful initiatives is a one-sided understanding of SD. The most recent literature takes a more differentiated approach towards the means and ends of SD. It shows that international scientific interaction is shaped by the twofold logic of competition and collaboration. Instruments of SD can be meant to serve national interests, collective regional goals or global agendas. The present paper disentangles these confounding discourses of collaboration and competition based on a conceptually enhanced SD framework. It analyses Arctic strategies and two cases of Arctic SD, the Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation and research activities on Svalbard, to reveal the mechanisms of collaboration and competition in the sphere of international science in relation to security, environment and economy. By pointing out where and how science is currently being used in the Arctic, this article provides (a) a systematic overview of the state of SD in the region and (b) a tool for policy-makers and scientists to assess what impact different facets of SD have in Arctic politics.
Blood money and the bloody code: the impact of financial rewards on criminal justice in eighteenth-century England
Authors: Clayton Mary , Shoemaker Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe introduction of rewards for the conviction of serious criminals fundamentally transformed English criminal justice. The prospect of rewards totalling up to £140 encouraged additional prosecutions, more full (as opposed to partial) guilty verdicts, and more death sentences. In the process, in a series of largely unintended consequences, two fundamental pillars of early-modern justice were undermined: reliance on the public to prosecute, and the death penalty to deter crime. Policing agents began to play a much more important role in apprehending criminals, while the high level of executions contributed to growing doubts about the efficacy of capital punishment.
Abnormal infant neurobehavior and later neurodevelopmental delays in children with critical CHD
Authors: Campbell Kathleen , Malik Lauren , Jones Courtney , Ou Zhining , Presson Angela , Miller Thomas A. , Winter Sarah , Glotzbach Kristi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfants with critical CHD have abnormal neurobehavior assessed by the Neonatal ICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales. This retrospective cohort study hypothesized associations between abnormal infant neurobehavior in the first month of life and later neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1−2 years of age. Associations between abnormal infant attention (orienting to and tracking stimuli) on the Neonatal ICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales and later motor, cognitive, and language neurodevelopmental outcomes on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at follow-up were examined with descriptive statistics and univariable and multivariable regression. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing outcome data. 189 infants with critical CHD were included, and 69% had abnormal neurobehavioral attention scores. 58 (31%) returned as toddlers for neurodevelopmental follow-up, of which 23% had motor delay. Abnormal infant attention had high sensitivity (92%, 95% CI 60−100%) but low specificity (36%, 95% CI 23−52%) for later motor delay. Higher infant attention scores were associated with higher later motor scores in univariable analysis (coefficient 3.49, 95% CI 0.52,6.46, p = 0.025), but not in multivariable analyses. Neither cognitive nor language scores were associated with infant attention scores. Lower birth weight and male sex were significantly associated with lower motor scores in multivariable analysis (p = 0.048, 0.007). Although impaired infant attention is interdependent with other clinical and demographic risk factors, it may be a sensitive clinical marker of risk for later motor delay. In children with critical CHD, impaired infant attention may be capturing early signs of abnormal visual-motor neurodevelopment.
US Trade Preference and Export Performance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Evidence from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)
Authors: Seyoum Belay , Abraham Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was signed into law in May 2000 to encourage increased trade and investment between the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It provides eligible countries with duty free access to the US market for over 1800 products in addition to those available under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The benefits extend through 2025. This study explores the link between US trade preferences under AGOA and beneficiary country exports. Using a large US import database, the study examines the extent to which AGOA influences export performance. It also examines the moderating roles of rule of law and foreign direct investment. The results largely indicate that AGOA has a positive and significant effect on beneficiary country exports. It also shows that rule of law moderates the relationship between AGOA and export performance. We believe that AGOA will target foreign direct investment (FDI) to SSA from other advanced regions such as the EU to take advantage of the US market. However, the role of FDI appears to be weak in moderating the relationship between trade preferences (tariff concessions) and exports from beneficiary countries to the US market.
Bureaucracies under authoritarian pressure: legal destabilisation, politicisation and bureaucratic subjectivities in contemporary Turkey
Authors: Saglam Erol 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research across two street-level bureaucratic institutions in Istanbul, Turkey in the late 2010s, this paper traces the causes and implications of the politicisation of bureaucrats in the context of authoritarianisation. It argues that politicisation of bureaucrats cannot solely be taken as a reflection of the erosion of bureaucratic autonomy and capacity but must be explored further to reveal how bureaucrats cope with authoritarian pressure as well socio-legal destabilisations to preserve their institutional ethos. To this aim, I demonstrate how bureaucrats get politicised in response to authoritarian policies and, in turn, labour to uphold the rule of law despite politico-legal risks. The paper particularly focuses on how bureaucrats weave political solidarity and circulate anti-government discourses and how they use their knowledge of the legal-regulatory repertoire and archives to deter and ‘correct’ unlawful practices through their everyday work. The paper generates insights into the fashionings of political subjectivities and agency by bureaucrats through their labouring in the face of authoritarian interventions, legal disruptions and the increasing interactions with the citizenry. In doing this, my objective is to shed light on the everyday workings of authoritarian state and to get a better picture of the way the law is ‘made real’ (Latour, 2002) across mundane encounters between bureaucrats and the citizenry.
Smooth scouringrush (Equisetum laevigatum) control with glyphosate in eastern Washington
Authors: Lyon Drew J. , Thorne Mark E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmooth scouringrush has invaded no-till production fields across the US Pacific Northwest. The ability of Equisetum species to take up and accumulate silica on the epidermis and in cell walls may affect herbicide uptake. The objectives of this study were to measure the silica concentration in smooth scouringrush stems over time, and to determine how time of application affects the efficacy of glyphosate for smooth scouringrush control, with and without the addition of an organosilicone surfactant (OSS). Field studies were conducted at three sites in eastern Washington from 2019 to 2021. Three herbicide treatments (no herbicide, glyphosate, and glyphosate + OSS) were applied at four application times (May, June, July, and August) in 2019 fallow. The silica content of smooth scouringrush stems increased over the course of the 2019 growing season at all three sites. In 2020, smooth scouringrush stem densities were reduced when the 2019 herbicide treatments were applied in late June (12% of no herbicide density) compared to late July (24%) or August (30%). Smooth scouringrush stem densities at all three sites, in both 2020 and 2021, were reduced in the glyphosate + OSS treatment compared to glyphosate alone. In 2021, 2 yr after herbicide application, there was no effect of application timing for the glyphosate treatment without OSS, but stem densities were reduced when glyphosate + OSS was applied in late June (1%) compared with applications in late July (26%) or late August (21%). It is not clear if the cause of reduced glyphosate efficacy with late July and late August applications is the result of increased silica content in smooth scouringrush stems over time. Maximum glyphosate efficacy on smooth scouringrush was achieved with an application in late June and with the addition of an OSS. Control of smooth scouringrush with glyphosate + OSS can be sustained for at least 2 yr after application.
Validierung der deutschen Übersetzung der Centrality of Event Scale (CES-G)
Authors: Conen Lisa , Johanßen Helen , Ülsmann Dominik , Ertle Andrea , Schulte Sarah , Fydrich Thomas , Schulte-Herbrüggen Olaf 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eine wachsende Zahl von Forschungsarbeiten weist auf die Bedeutung der wahrgenommenen Zentralität eines traumatischen Ereignisses in der eigenen Lebensgeschichte für das Verständnis von Symptomen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) hin. Zur Untersuchung dieser Beziehung exisitert bislang noch kein Messinstrument, das die Ereigniszentralität auf Deutsch erfasst. Fragestellung: Um die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet im deutschsprachigen Raum zu ermöglichen, wird die Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen & Rubin, 2006 ) in einer deutschen Übersetzung (CES-G) vorgestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer psychometrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Methode: Zur psychometrischen Auswertung wurde die CES-G 322 Student_innen sowie 115 ambulanten Patient_innen mit ausgeprägter PTBS-Symptomatik vorgelegt. Ergebnisse: Die CES-G zeigt eine hervorragende interne Konsistenz, substanzielle Korrelationen mit Maßen von PTBS Symptomen, allgemeiner Psychopathologie, Depressivität und maladaptiven kognitiven Prozessen sowie eine kriterienbezogene Validität bezüglich PTBS Symptomen in einer klinischen Stichprobe. Schlussfolgerungen: Die deutsche Übersetzung der CES ist ein verlässliches und valides Messinstrument für Ereigniszentralität.
Disturbance Neutral Winds Effects on the Ionospheric Strip‐Like Bulge at Lower‐Middle Latitudes
Authors: Wan Xin , Zhong Jiahao , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Xiong Chao , Wang Hui , Liu Yiwen , Huang Fuqing , Li Qiaoling , Kuai Jiawei , Chen Jiawen , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the geomagnetic storm on 3–6 November 2021, the in‐situ plasma density and the gridded total electron content (TEC) maps registered a persistent presence of the strip‐like bulges (electron density enhancement, also known as the shoulders in previous literatures) at lower‐middle latitudes. The observed strip‐like bulge resided in the Pacific‐America‐Atlantic sector and lasted from 07:00 UT on 4 November to 20:00 UT on 6 November. For the first time, the temporal evolution of the 2‐D strip‐like bulge was recorded by gridded TEC maps, though observations were limited over the North American continents. The TEC maps showed a continuous shrinking of the nightside midlatitude plasma band structure right before the presence of the narrow strip‐like bulge. Simultaneous measurements from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite (ICON) revealed an equatorward turning of the field‐aligned ion transportation driven by the disturbance equatorward neutral winds. However, the enhanced fountain effect at low latitudes was not observed during the entire formation phase of the strip‐like bulge. We propose that the storm‐induced enhanced equatorward thermospheric neutral winds push the plasma equatorward along the field lines, and the plasma band structure was developed into the strip‐like bulge. In addition, the ion composition of both the plasma band structure and the strip‐like bulges are dominated by H+, and the maintenance of the strip‐like bulge could be due to the compensation of the downward plasmaspheric content flux.
Spatial Patterns and Quantification of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge Determined Based on 222Rn
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Du Yao , Deng Yamin , Fan Hongchen , Zhou Zihao , Gan Yiqun , Ma Teng , Wang Yanxin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is of great importance to the hydrological cycle and the eco‐environment of lakes. LGD is often characterized by large spatial variability, but the spatial patterns of LGD have rarely been quantified, particularly at large whole‐lake scales. This study presents quantitative estimation of the spatial patterns of LGD in an oxbow lake in the central Yangtze River Basins by a segmented application of 222Rn mass balance model. The results show that the LGD rates in all points ranged from 10.05 to 197.25 mm/d, with an average of 61.23 mm/d. Larger LGD rates were not only occurring in the lakeshore area, but also in the lake center. The high LGD rate in the lake center area here was likely a result of a direct connection between the water‐rich confined aquifer and the lake. Sensitivity analysis of the 222Rn mass balance show that lake water 222Rn concentration, groundwater concentration, wind speed and water depth were sensitive parameters, which were important parameters in controlling the quantitative results of LGD. The average LGD rate uncertainty and percentage were 28.45 mm/d and 49.20%. This study thus provides a solution in quantifying the spatial patterns of LGD lakes.
Engineered sTRAIL-armed MSCs overcome STING deficiency to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy for immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Huang Kevin Chih-Yang , Chiang Shu-Fen , Chang Hsin-Yu , Chen William Tzu-Liang , Yang Pei-Chen , Chen Tsung-Wei , Liang Ji-An , Shiau An‑Cheng , Ke Tao-Wei , Clifford Chao K. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) mainly elicits antitumor immunity via the cGAS/STING axis for type I interferon (IFN) production. However, dysregulation of cGAS/STING constrains radiotherapy-induced antitumor immunity and type I IFN-dependent cell death and is associated with shorter survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to their tumor tropism, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown the potential to deliver therapeutic genes for cancer therapy. Here, we showed that MSCs enhance the sensitivity to RT by inducing TRAIL-dependent cell death and remodel the tumor microenvironment by recruiting CD8+ immune cells to upregulate PD-L1 in the tumor. By engineering MSCs to express CRC-specific soluble TRAIL via adenovirus-associated virus 2 (AAV2), we found that the therapeutic activity of MSC-sTRAIL was superior to that of MSCs alone when combined with RT. Combined treatment with MSC-sTRAIL and RT significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis by inducing TRAIL-dependent cell death in STING-deficient colorectal cancer cells. MSC-sTRAIL directly triggered TRAIL-dependent cell death to overcome the deficiency of the cGAS/STING axis. Moreover, these combination treatments of MSC-sTRAIL and RT significantly remodeled the tumor microenvironment, which was more suitable for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Taken together, this therapeutic strategy represents a novel targeted treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer, especially cGAS/STING-deficient patients.
Transcriptome analysis and phenotyping of walnut seedling roots under nitrogen stresses
Authors: Song Yan , Zhang Rui , Gao Shan , Pan Zhiyong , Guo Zhongzhong , Yu Shangqi , Wang Yu , Jin Qiang , Chen Xiaofei , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitrogen is an essential core element in walnut seedling growth and development. However, nitrogen starvation and excessive nitrogen stress can cause stunted growth and development of walnut seedlings, and environmental pollution is also of concern. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of walnut seedling resistance to nitrogen stress. In this study, morphological and physiological observations and transcriptome sequencing of walnut seedlings under nitrogen starvation and excess nitrogen stress were performed. The results showed that walnut seedlings under nitrogen starvation and excess stress could adapt to the changes in the nitrogen environment by changing the coordination of their root morphology and physiological indexes. Based on an analysis of transcriptome data, 4911 differential genes (DEGs) were obtained (2180 were upregulated and 2731 were downregulated) in a comparison of nitrogen starvation and control groups. A total of 9497 DEGs (5091 upregulated and 4406 downregulated) were obtained in the comparison between the nitrogen overdose and control groups. When these DEGs were analysed, the differential genes in both groups were found to be significantly enriched in the plant’s circadian pathway. Therefore, we selected the circadian rhythm as the focus for further analysis. We made some discoveries by analysing the gene co-expression network of nitrogen metabolism, circadian rhythm, and hormone signal transduction. (a) Nitrite nitrogen (NO2−) or Glu may act as a nitrogen signal to the circadian clock. (b) Nitrogen signalling may be input into the circadian clock by regulating changes in the abundance of the CRY1 gene. (c) After the nitrogen signal enters the circadian clock, the expression of the LHY gene is upregulated, which causes a phase shift in the circadian clock. (d) The RVE protein may send information about the circadian clock’s response to nitrogen stress back to the nitrogen metabolic pathway via the hormone transduction pathway. In conclusion, various metabolic pathways in the roots of walnut seedlings coordinated with one another to resist the ill effects of nitrogen stress on the root cells, and these coordination relationships were regulated by the circadian clock. This study is expected to provide valuable information on the circadian clock regulation of plant resistance to nitrogen stress.