bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prone burials and evidence of interpersonal violence: A case study from early medieval Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Lee Ja Young , Zink Albert , Päffgen Bernd , Wolfseder‐Freitag Angelika , Harbeck Michaela , Trautmann Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn early medieval times, the people of the Baiuvarii inhabited large parts of modern Bavaria (Germany). Among other evidence, about 10,000 graves dating from this time provide evidence of an exceptional level of settlement activity. These graves were arranged predominately in multiple parallel rows, so‐called Reihengräber, whereby the bodies were placed in stretched, supine positions. Burials that deviate from this custom are rarely found. For this reason, the excavation of a male skeleton at the cemetery of Aying‐Großhelfendorf (seventh to eighth centuries) attracted particular attention. The skeleton with label number 115 was found in a prone position and appears to have sustained four separate instances of sharp force trauma. The grave included a number of metal grave goods including a spatha and an iron shield boss. One focus of the study was on the macroscopic examination of the violence‐related lesions found on skeleton 115. They were located on the femur, the humerus, the frontal bone, and the maxilla on the right side of the body. The shape of the lesions indicates the insertion of a heavy, sharp, or bladed instrument. There is no evidence of healing detectable, leading to the conclusion that the individual was most likely involved in fight with fatal outcome. Subsequently, the victim was buried in a prone position alongside 17 other individuals in an otherwise regular graveyard. A possible interpretation of this difference in burial treatment is the fear of the victim's dependents of an unexpected or violent death or an expression of foreign origin. The aim of the paper is to present the most likely interpretation of the evidence in correlation with the anthropological and archaeological data.
More than they could chew: Activity‐induced dental modifications in a Portuguese medieval–modern rural population
Authors: Neves Dulce , Silva Ana Maria , Simões Flávio , Wasterlain Sofia N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐masticatory dental lesions (e.g., notching, interproximal grooving, polished surfaces, lingual tilting, and dental trauma) may help evaluate the impact that dietary, individual, or social‐cultural habits had on ancient populations. Thus, this study aims to describe and discuss possible causes for dental wear and trauma recorded in 1206 commingled teeth recovered from a medieval‐modern ossuary in Miranda do Corvo (Coimbra, Portugal). All teeth were observed macroscopically under good light conditions. Dental wear and traumatic injuries were recorded according to their location. Atypical wear was divided into five categories—notches and grooves, polished surfaces, oblique wear plane, interproximal grooves, and lingual tilting. Higher mean values of occlusal dental wear were found in the anterior dentition (3.03 ± 1.457; n = 396), being the central incisors the more worn out (3.19 ± 1.28; n = 102). In all, 11.0% of the observed teeth presented atypical wear (130/1185), being anterior teeth (26.7%; 112/419) more affected than posterior (17.0%; 128/765). The most common alterations were notches/grooves (50.0% of the teeth with atypical wear; 65/130) and dental microtrauma (20.3% of the observed teeth; 240/1184). Furthermore, teeth presenting microtrauma were more affected by atypical wear, affecting 38.9% (48/130) of the worn teeth. An association between chipping and notches and/or grooves (62.5%; 30/48) was also noted. The obtained results, namely, the morphology and distribution of the “incisor‐dominant” dental wear and dental trauma patterns, suggest that many individuals of this population may have used their teeth as a “third hand” in routine practices. However, some types of atypical wear, namely, polished lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, may have had other causes, such as malocclusion. This study provides new insights into how ancient populations used their dentitions, even when the osteological remains are recovered from a commingled context.
The effect of foaming process with supercritical CO2 on the morphology and properties of 3D porous polylactic acid scaffolds
Authors: Athanasoulia Ioanna‐Georgia , Louli Vasiliki , Schinas Petros , Rinotas Vagelis , Douni Eleni , Tarantili Petroula , Magoulas Konstantinos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA systematic study was carried out in order to identify the optimum processing conditions for the preparation of PLA 3D porous structures applying foaming with supercritical CO2 (sc‐CO2). Both the depressurization rate and the CO2 saturation pressure had a significant effect on the obtained sc‐CO2 PLA structures. When sc‐CO2 was instantaneously depressurized, a thin wall pore structure was formed, characterized by anisotropy with pores diameter ranging from 100 to 650 μm, whereas the scaffold porosity varied between 85% and 95%. In this case, a decrease in the porosity percentage was observed with increasing saturation pressure. A trend of increase in the pores' size was recorded from 150 to 200 bar, followed by a decrease at 300 bar. Highly organized pore structures with thicker pore walls and pores with diameters within the range of 10–350 μm and porosity and 74%–77% were fabricated when a slow depressurization rate was applied. An optimum porous structure, with average pore diameter 340 μm and porosity 88% was prepared when Psat was maintained at 200 bar, followed by instantaneous depressurization. Although this scaffold included the biggest number of closed pores in its structure, it presented the highest degree of pore interconnectivity due to CO2 bubbles' coalescence.
Association between glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and biliary‐related diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Dong Yaa‐Hui , Wu Jo‐Hsuan , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Lin Jou‐Wei , Wu Li‐Chiu , Toh Sengwee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveClinical trials have suggested that glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) may be associated with a higher risk of biliary‐related diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. Limited real‐world studies have examined the comparative biliary safety of GLP‐1RAs versus other antihyperglycemic drugs. We aimed to estimate the comparative risk of biliary‐related diseases between GLP‐1RAs and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), which are indicated for patients with similar diabetes severity in Taiwan.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Data SourceTaiwan National Health Insurance Database during 2011 to 2018.PatientsPatients with type 2 diabetes who initiated GLP‐1RAs or SGLT2is.InterventionGLP‐1RAs versus SGLT2is.Measurements and Main ResultsWe used an on‐treatment approach to examine the effect of continuous use and an intention‐to‐treat approach to assess the effect of initiation of GLP‐1RAs versus SGLT2is. We used Coxregression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) for the composite hospitalized biliary‐related diseases, including acute cholecystitis or cholecystectomy, choledocholithiasis, and acute cholangitis, after matching each GLP‐1RA initiator to up to 10 SGLT2iinitiators using propensity scores (PSs). Among 78,253 PS‐matched patients, GLP‐1RA use was associated with a numerically higher risk of biliary‐related diseases versus SGLT2i use in the on‐treatment analysis, with an HR of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.93–1.56) for the composite outcome, an HR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.92–1.62) for acute cholecystitis or cholecystectomy, an HR of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.69–2.07) for choledocholithiasis, and an HR of 1.14 (95% CI,0.82–2.42) for acute cholangitis. The HRs were more pronounced in theintention‐to‐treat analysis (1.27 [95% CI, 1.05–1.53] for the composite outcome, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04–1.58] foracute cholecystitis or cholecystectomy, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.23–2.46] for choledocholithiasis, and 1.31 [95% CI, 0.89–1.94] for acute cholangitis). The increased risk of the composite outcome associated with GLP‐1RAs was more evident in patients aged 〉60 years, women, and 120 days after treatment initiation. Liraglutide, but not dulaglutide, was associated with an elevated risk.ConclusionsGLP‐1RAs might be associated with an elevated risk of biliary‐related diseases compared to SGLT2is in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.
The quality of outcome measure reporting in early numeracy intervention studies
Authors: Park Soyoung , Nelson Gena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is an increased demand for useful measures that capture students' math learning during intervention. Similarly, there is an awareness of the importance of researchers observing guidelines for study quality in publishing intervention results, including information related to outcome measures. We investigated the characteristics of outcome measures to assist researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate outcome measures for early numeracy interventions. We also explored the level of quality regarding how studies reported outcome measure information. To do this, we analyzed 94 outcome measures of math achievement across 25 kindergarten early numeracy intervention studies. Overall, studies met 84% of the quality indicators related to outcome measures. Fewer studies met the recommendation to include multiple measures (i.e., proximal and distal measures; 60%) or provide validity information about measures (39%). Ultimately, the results of this study provide researchers with valuable information for developing and selecting outcome measures to determine the effectiveness of early numeracy interventions.
Variation in electrophilicity on electronic excitation
Authors: Patra Shanti Gopal , Mondal Himangshu , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rationality of the minimum electrophilicity principle (MElP) as a companion of minimum polarizability principle and maximum hardness principle is studied for simple diatomic, triatomic, and tetratomic molecules. The applicability is further justified considering organic molecules (e.g., pyrene and acridine yellow) are known for their photophysical properties and accordingly their excited state properties. Single excitation CI (CIS) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) are employed to study the excited state reactivity. Two types of excitations, namely vertical and adiabatic, are considered. Processes involving conservation and change in spin multiplicity are included during excitation. The general trend is that the molecules are less electrophilic in the ground state than those in the corresponding excited states. It is found that adiabatic excitation validates the principle even for the triplet ground state molecules undergoing an excitation where spin multiplicity gets altered. The TDDFT method explains the validity of the MElP augmenting the CIS method. This study echoed the MElP during molecular electronic excitation.
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of vitreous in idiopathic epiretinal membrane patients
Authors: Sun Chao , Zou Huan , Yang Zhouquan , Yang Mei , Chen Xiaofan , Huang Yanming , Fan Wei , Yuan Rongdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the present study was to characterize the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) through proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of iERM.Experimental DesignThe vitreous of 25 patients with an iERM and 15 patients with an idiopathic macular hole were analyzed by proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis based on tandem mass tag. PRM was used to verify the differential proteins.ResultsProteomic analysis identified a total of 878 proteins, including 50 differential proteins. Tenascin‐C, galectin‐3‐binding protein, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, neuroserpin, collagen alpha‐1(XI) chain, and collagen alpha‐1(II) chain were verified to be upregulated in iERM by PRM. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified a total of 401 phosphorylation sites on 213 proteins, including 27 differential phosphorylation sites on 24 proteins. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐activated protein kinase (MAPKAPK)3 and MAPKAPK5 were predicted as the major kinases in the vitreous of iERM. Twenty‐six of the differential proteins and phosphorylated proteins may be closely related to fibrosis in iERM.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOur results indicated the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for iERM, provided key kinases that may be involved in iERM. Fibrosis plays an essential role in iERM, and further exploration of related differential proteins has important clinical significance.
Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Aged Composite Propellant Using Non‐Destructive Indentation Technique in Solid Propellant Rocket Motor
Authors: Kumar Bihari Bipin , Kumaraswamy Adepu , Jain Mukesh , Murthy Krothapalli P S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgeing study of composite propellant is one of the important aspects for the long term usage of a solid propellant rocket motor (SPRM). The assessment of mechanical properties is essential to predict the structural performance of rocket motors before its flight test. Mostly, the study of ageing behavior of composite propellant is limited to sample level which is subjected to either for normal ageing or accelerated ageing. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the aging behavior of HTPB based composite propellant at full scale rocket motor level using a non‐destructive indentation technique. The mechanical properties of naturally aged HTPB based composite propellant samples were comprehensively studied by both Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and indentation technique. The mathematical correlation was developed using least square method between UTM and indentation data. An attempt was made to establish the method to assess the aging behavior of composite propellant by indentation technique directly. The developed correlation was validated on aged composite propellant samples. Further, indentation technique was used to assess the mechanical properties of the propellant of in‐flight fielded SPRM which was 11 years old.
Improved Burn Rate Measurement of Deterred Gun Propellants with Multivariate Size Distribution
Authors: Wurster Sebastian , Lietz Martin , Winter Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeterred gun propellants with multivariate size distribution are widely used in small‐calibre guns. While the surface treatment is used to increase the progressivity of the propellant and therefore the performance, the size distribution is due to variations in the production process. When standard models or methods for the burn rate measurement, e. g. according to STANAG 4115, are used to determine burning rates and burn rate parameters, they generally suffer from poor generalizability and are of little use for the simulation of the burning behaviour inside a gun. Therefore, a new model based on STANAG 4367 was developed, that addresses these issues. It describes the burning velocity with a depth‐dependent Vieille's law and can also take into account a multivariate size distribution of the propellant grains and depth and pressure‐dependent thermodynamic properties. The model is used to define an objective function to fit simulated dynamic vivacities to experimental data and thus determine burn rate coefficients in a modified Vieille's law. The method was validated by using synthetic dynamic vivacities as input data for the fitting procedure. To test the model, closed vessel experiments were conducted with a deterred double‐base propellant. It is shown that the model gives an excellent description of the experimental data with reasonable burn rate coefficients and does not suffer from the drawbacks of other methods.
Real‐world treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and cost among adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States
Authors: Pizzicato Lia N. , Nadipelli Vijay R. , Governor Samuel , Mao Jianbin , Lanes Stephan , Butler John , Pepe Rebecca S. , Phatak Hemant , El‐Kersh Karim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTreatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has evolved over the past decade, including approval of new medications and growing evidence to support earlier use of combination therapy. Despite these changes, few studies have assessed real‐world treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs among people with PAH using recent data. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database®. Adult members with claims for a PAH diagnosis, right heart catheterization, and who initiated PAH treatment (index date) between October 1, 2015 and November 30, 2020 were identified. Members had to be continuously enrolled in the health plan for 6 months before the index date (baseline) and ≥30 days after. Treatment patterns, HCRU, and costs were described. A total of 843 members with PAH (mean age 62.3 years, 64.2% female) were included. Only 21.0% of members received combination therapy as their first‐line treatment, while most members (54.6%) received combination therapy as second‐line treatment. All‐cause HCRU remained high after treatment initiation with 58.0% of members having ≥1 hospitalization and 41.3% with ≥1 emergency room visit. Total all‐cause costs declined from $15,117 per patient per month at baseline to $14,201 after treatment initiation, with decreased medical costs ($14,208 vs. $6,349) more than offsetting increased pharmacy costs ($909 vs. $7,852). In summary, despite growing evidence supporting combination therapy, most members with PAH initiated treatment with monotherapy. Total costs decreased following treatment, driven by a reduction in medical costs even with increases in pharmacy costs.
A new global ocean ensemble system at the Met Office: Assessing the impact of hybrid data assimilation and inflation settings
Authors: Lea Daniel J. , While James , Martin Matthew J. , Weaver Anthony , Storto Andrea , Chrust Marcin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe have developed a global ocean and sea‐ice ensemble forecasting system based on the operational forecasting ocean assimilation model (FOAM) system run at the Met Office. The ocean model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and the community ice code (CICE) sea‐ice model are run at 1/4 resolution and the system assimilates data using a three‐dimensional variational assimilation (3DVar) version of NEMOVAR. This data assimilation (DA) system can perform hybrid ensemble/variational assimilation. A 36‐member ensemble of hybrid ensemble variational assimilation systems with perturbed observations (values and locations) has been set up, with each member forced at the surface by a separate member of the Met Office Global–Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS‐G). The unperturbed member is forced by atmospheric fields from the Met Office operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) deterministic system. The system includes stochastic model perturbations and a relaxation to prior spread (RTPS) inflation scheme. A control run of the system using an ensemble of 3DVars is shown to be generally reliable for Sea‐Level Anomaly (SLA), temperature, and salinity (the ensemble spread being a good representation of the uncertainty in the ensemble mean), although the ensemble is underspread in eddying regions. The ensemble mean gives a 4% reduction in error in SLA compared with the deterministic 3DVar system currently used operationally. The system was tested with different weights for the ensemble component of the hybrid background‐error covariance matrix and different inflation factors. The best results, in terms of short‐range forecast error and ensemble reliability statistics, were obtained with hybrid three‐dimensional ensemble variational DA (3DEnVar). The RTPS inflation scheme is shown to be beneficial in producing an appropriate ensemble spread in response to hybrid DA. 3DEnVar with an ensemble hybrid weight of 0.8 leads to a reduction of 20% (5%) in the ensemble mean error for SLA (profile temperature and salinity) compared with an ensemble of standard 3DVars.
Biliary candidiasis mimicking IgG4‐related disease in a patient with normal immunity
Authors: Bian Wenjie , Zhong Yuchao , Zhang Xia , Chen Hongbin , Feng Ruie , Zhang Xinyu , Shen Danhua , Liu Yanying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report a rare case of biliary candidiasis in a host with normal immunity.MethodsLaboratory tests indicated an elevated G level of 1000 pg/ml. Microscopic examination of pathological sections demonstrated multiple, narrow base, budding yeast cells following Grocott's methenamine silver staining and periodic acid‐Schiff staining. Subsequent sequence analysis supported the diagnosis of biliary candidiasis.ResultsA 31‐year‐old previously healthy man developed obstructive jaundice under no obvious inducement. He experienced cholecystectomy and biliary drainage. Surgical specimens revealed granulomatous chronic inflammation in the gallbladder, liver, bile ducts and mesenteric lymph nodes. He was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis and received antituberculosis treatment. However, his condition did not improve. He was finally diagnosed with biliary candidiasis and administered the antifungal treatment with fluconazole. His symptoms improved after such treatment.ConclusionsWe reported a case of biliary candidiasis that mimicked IgG4‐RD in a host with normal immunity. Our findings highlighted the need for pathological diagnosis in patients with symptoms resembling IgG4‐RD.
A Review of the Selection Process and Decontamination Methods with the Use of Face Shields in UV Phototherapy During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Granahan A. , McCavana J. , Lally A. , Morgan I. , Fitzgerald S. , Moriarty B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Targeted ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy has been used in the management of a wide variety of dermatological clinical conditions including moderate to severe psoriasis unresponsive to topical therapies, vitiligo, severe atopic dermatitis and lymphoproliferative disorders. To date there are no uniform, standardised guidelines for the selection and decontamination process for UV personal protective equipment (PPE) and facial shields used in phototherapy. In the current climate, Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, standards regarding all decontamination and disinfection processes are under significant scrutiny. In terms of the UV-PPE and facial shields used in phototherapy, careful disinfection procedures need to be implemented to ensure that the decontamination practice is effective enough to neutralise the virulent virus whilst maintaining maximal protection to the user from UV-rays and safeguard the equipment from damage during the cleaning process. The aim of this report is to provide an evidence based review of the current and international practice standards guiding the selection, use and decontamination processes of UV facial shields in phototherapy. The complications and concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on this practice is highlighted. As such, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the literature to provide recommendations as to the most effective, time efficient and safest practices for disinfection and decontamination of UV facial shields used in phototherapy during these unprecedented times.