bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Human Subchondral Trabecular Bone Microstructure in Osteoarthritis with Clinical CT
Authors: Oláh Tamás , Cai Xiaoyu , Gao Liang , Walter Frédéric , Pape Dietrich , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by critical alterations of the subchondral bone microstructure, besides the well‐known cartilaginous changes. Clinical computed tomography (CT) detection of quantitative 3D microstructural subchondral bone parameters is applied to monitor changes of subchondral bone structure in different stages of human OA and is compared with micro‐CT, the gold standard. Determination by clinical CT (287 µm resolution) of key microstructural parameters in tibial plateaus with mild‐to‐moderate and severe OA reveals strong correlations to micro‐CT (35 µm), high inter‐ and intraobserver reliability, and small relative differences. In vivo, normal, mild‐to‐moderate, and severe OA are compared with clinical CT (331 µm). All approaches detect characteristic expanded trabecular structure in severe OA and fundamental microstructural correlations with clinical OA stage. Multivariate analyses at various in vivo and ex vivo imaging resolutions always reliably separate mild‐to‐moderate from severe OA (except mild‐to‐moderate OA from normal), revealing a striking similarity between 287 µm clinical and 35 µm micro‐CT. Thus, accurate structural measurements using clinical CT with a resolution near the trabecular dimensions are possible. Clinical CT offers an opportunity to quantitatively monitor subchondral bone microstructure in clinical and experimental settings as an advanced tool of investigating OA and other diseases affecting bone architecture.
Methylammonium and Bromide‐Free Tin‐Based Low Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Imran Tahir , Rauf Sajid , Raza Hasan , Aziz Liaquat , Chen Rui , Liu Sanwan , Wang Jianan , Ahmad Muhammad Ashfaq , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yiqiang , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLead halide‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are intriguing candidates for photovoltaic technology because of their high efficiency, low cost, and simple process advantages. Owing to lead toxicity, PSCs based on partially/fully substituted Pb with tin have attracted tremendous attention, which would enable the ideal bandgap to approach the Shockley‐Queisser (S‐Q) limit. Especially, methylammonium (MA), bromide‐free, tin‐based perovskites are striking, because of the intrinsic poor stability of MA and blue shift caused by the incorporation of Br−. The first section of this review emphasizes the motivation for studying single‐junction MA, Br‐free, and Sn‐based perovskites. The film quality improvement strategies of Sn‐based perovskites, including additive, composition, dimensional, and interface engineering toward high‐efficiency devices are comprehensively overviewed. Moreover, strategies to improve stability, where shelf, thermal and operational stabilities of the devices are summarized. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of actual limitations and future prospects for Sn‐based PSCs.
Highly Transparent, Scalable, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Minimal Aesthetic Compromise
Authors: Liu Tianran , Zhao Xiaoming , Wang Ping , Burlingame Quinn C. , Hu Junnan , Roh Kwangdong , Xu Zhaojian , Rand Barry P. , Chen Minjie , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransparent photovoltaics (TPVs) can be integrated into the surfaces of buildings and vehicles to provide point‐of‐use power without impacting aesthetics. Unlike TPVs that target the photon‐rich near‐infrared portion of the solar spectrum, TPVs that harvest ultraviolet (UV) photons can have significantly higher transparency and color neutrality, offering a superior solution for low‐power electronics with stringent aesthetic tolerance. In addition to being highly transparent and colorless, an ideal UV‐absorbing TPV should also be operationally stable and scalable over large areas while still outputting sufficient power for its specified application. None of today's TPVs meet all these criteria simultaneously. Here, the first UV‐absorbing TPV is demonstrated that satisfies all four criteria by using CsPbCl2.5Br0.5 as the absorber. By precisely tuning the halide ratio during thermal co‐evaporation, high‐quality large‐area perovskite films can be accessed with an ideal absorption cutoff for aesthetic performance. The resulting TPVs exhibit a record average visible transmittance of 84.6% and a color rendering index of 96.5, while maintaining an output power density of 11 W m−2 under one‐sun illumination. Further, the large‐area prototypes up to 25 cm2 are demonstrated, that are operationally stable with extrapolated lifetimes of >20 yrs under outdoor conditions.
Electronic “Bridge” Construction via Ag Intercalation to Diminish Catalytic Anisotropy for 2D Tin Diselenide Cathode Catalyst in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Liu Chengyan , Guo Liang , Liu Ruowei , Miao Lei , Dang Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs cathode catalysts for lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs), 2D materials are attracting significant attention due to their layered structures, tunable surface chemistry, and unique electronic states. However, catalytic anisotropy, particularly the poor catalytic capability of the van der Waals forces contained in stack edge planes, has suppressed the enhancement of LOB performance as 2D cathode catalysts. Here, an ion‐intercalation strategy is proposed to diminish the catalytic anisotropy of 2D materials. Ag ions are successfully intercalated into SnSe2 layered structure and regulate the electronic states between stack edge planes, leading to an improvement in the catalytic capability of 2D SnSe2. Notably, the catalytic capability of the 2D surface (001) plane of SnSe2 is also significantly enhanced after Ag intercalation, which can efficiently accelerate charge transfer and suppress the passivation on the 2D surface plane during the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction process. As a consequence, the Ag‐intercalated SnSe2 cathode exhibits superior specific capacity of 16871 mAh g−1 and an ultrastable cycle life over 2300 h at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and 144 cycles at current density of 1000 mA g−1. This work provides insights into the modulation of the catalytic capabilities of 2D materials, which have significant potential for this application in LOBs.
Toward High Rate Performance Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lee Dongsoo , Lee Hyungjun , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for safe lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density has pushed the development of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). With the development of promising solid electrolytes (SEs) such as Li10GeP2S12 and Li6PS5Cl with high ionic conductivity in recent years, the bottleneck for high‐performance ASSBs is no longer sluggish Li+ diffusion caused by SEs. Furthermore, significant improvement in the cycle performance has been achieved by understanding electrochemomechanical properties, preventing undesirable side reactions between SEs and active materials, and employing advanced packaging technology. However, poor rate capability caused by several factors, including sluggish Li+ kinetics at the interface between active materials and SEs, poor interfacial contact between particles, thick SE layers, and Li dendrite growth, limits the practical applications, especially in electric vehicles. The high‐rate performance is of paramount importance in the current development of battery technology. In this review, the fundamental understanding of the parameters governing the rate capability in ASSBs is discussed and the distinctive features and research strategies toward high‐rate performance are highlighted. The discussion and perspectives about kinetic rate limitations and research strategies are expected to stimulate further progress in fast charging ASSBs.
Mechanism of Degradation of Capacity and Charge/Discharge Voltages of High‐Ni Cathode During Fast Long‐Term Cycling Without Voltage Margin
Authors: Park Jae Yeol , Jo Minji , Hong Seungki , Park Seunggyu , Park Jae‐Ho , Kim Yong‐Il , Kim Sang‐Ok , Chung Kyung Yoon , Byun Dongjin , Kim Seung Min , Chang Wonyoung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors reveal the mechanisms of degradation of capacity, charge voltage, and discharge voltage of commercially‐available high‐nickel cathode material when it is cycled without a voltage margin by two different charge protocols: constant‐current charging and constant‐current, constant‐voltage charging. With repeated constant‐current charging, the cathode material changes to a non‐periodic cation‐mixed state, which causes a relatively low voltage degradation, whereas during constant‐current, constant‐voltage charging, the cathode material changes from a layered structure to a periodic cation‐mixed spinel‐like phase, with consequent severe voltage decay. This decay results from a reduction in the equilibrium electrode potential and an increase of overpotential which are aggravated in a periodic cation‐mixed state. The findings provide insights into the use of excess Li without charge‐voltage margin in high‐Ni cathode materials.
Anti‐Aggregation of Nanosized CoS2 for Stable K‐Ion Storage: Insights into Aggregation‐Induced Electrode Failures
Authors: Zhang Hehe , Cheng Yong , Sun Jingjie , Ye Weibin , Ke Chengzhi , Cai Mengting , Gao Haowen , Wei Ping , Zhang Qiaobao , Wang Ming‐Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs promising conversion‐type anode materials for potassium‐ion storage, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) exhibit high energy density but suffer severe capacity fading, which is generally ascribed to their large volume expansion and the associated structural degradation. Instead, this study emphasizes that the aggregation of nanosized TMCs during conversion reaction is a more crucial reason for the following serious electrode failures. This issue has not received enough attention, and especially the detailed aggregation mechanism and its relationship to electrode failures remains unclear. Thus, by combining in situ and ex‐situ electron microscopies, the aggregation evolution of nanosized CoS2 is systematically investigated from micro to macro scale. The aggregation originates from the coalescence of the K2S matrix during potassiation, which constantly develops into larger‐scale agglomerates as the cycling continues, eventually leading to electrode fragmentation, etc. To address this issue, an anti‐aggregation strategy is proposed through isolating CoS2 nanoparticles inside individual carbon nanoshells. Impressively, the CoS2 aggregation is strictly confined within each nanoshell, which prevents their extensive aggregation across the electrode, resulting in the superior structural and electrochemical stability. This work reveals the mechanism of aggregation‐induced electrode failures and proposes the necessity of anti‐aggregation of nanosized active materials for the design of high‐capacity electrodes.
A missense mutation in DDRGK1 gene associated to Shohat‐type spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: Two case reports and a review of literature
Authors: Franceschi Roberto , Iascone Maria , Maitz Silvia , Marchetti Daniela , Mariani Milena , Selicorni Angelo , Soffiati Massimo , Maines Evelina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia Shohat type (SEMDSH, OMIM # 602557) is a rare skeletal dysplasia. Until recently, only eight patients of five families have been reported. The disorder is characterized by severely disproportionate short stature with a short neck, small trunk with abdominal distension, and short lower limbs. Joint laxity and bowed legs are seen. The same homozygous splicing pathogenic variant in the DDRGK1 gene was found in four Iraqi families. Here we report a homozygous missense pathogenic variant in DDRGK1 in two children from unrelated two Moroccan families. The clinical and radiological phenotypes of the affected children were similar to those previously described.
A combination model of AD biomarkers revealed by machine learning precisely predicts Alzheimer's dementia: China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative (CANDI) study
Authors: Gao Feng , Lv Xinyi , Dai Linbin , Wang Qiong , Wang Peng , Cheng Zhaozhao , Xie Qiang , Ni Ming , Wu Yan , Chai Xianliang , Wang Wenjing , Li Huaiyu , Yu Feng , Cao Yuqin , Tang Fang , Pan Bo , Wang Guoping , Deng Kexue , Wang Shicun , Tang Qiqiang , Shi Jiong , Shen Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo test the utility of the “A/T/N” system in the Chinese population, we study core Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in a newly established Chinese cohort.MethodsA total of 411 participants were selected, including 96 cognitively normal individuals, 94 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, 173 patients with AD, and 48 patients with non‐AD dementia. Fluid biomarkers were measured with single molecule array. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was determined by 18F‐Flobetapir positron emission tomography (PET), and brain atrophy was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsAβ42/Aβ40 was decreased, whereas levels of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) were increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from patients with AD. CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, CSF p‐tau, and plasma p‐tau showed a high concordance in discriminating between AD and non‐AD dementia or elderly controls. A combination of plasma p‐tau, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and MRI measures accurately predicted amyloid PET status.DiscussionThese results revealed a universal applicability of the “A/T/N” framework in a Chinese population and established an optimal diagnostic model consisting of cost‐effective and non‐invasive approaches for diagnosing AD.
Reaktionen an der Gegenelektrode – wichtige Stolpersteine auf dem Weg einer funktionierenden elektro‐organischen Synthese
Authors: Klein Martin , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat die elektro‐organische Synthese signifikant an Interesse gewonnen, sowohl in technischer und akademischer Forschung als auch in der Anwendung. Der Verzicht auf Oxidations‐ und Reduktionsmittel in stöchiometrischen Mengen ermöglicht eine nachhaltigere Alternative, Redoxreaktionen in der organischen Chemie durchzuführen. Auch wenn bekannt ist, dass jede elektrochemische Oxidation nur zusammen mit einer assoziierten Reduktion durchführbar ist und umgekehrt, wird die Relevanz der Gegenreaktion oft wenig beachtet. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Bedeutung der korrespondierenden Gegenreaktion beleuchtet und welchen Einfluss diese auf die Durchführbarkeit und Selektivität einer elektrochemischen Umsetzung hat. Anhand einer Auswahl üblicher Strategien und einzigartiger Konzepte werden Lösungen für dieses Problem aufgeführt. Dies ergibt einen Leitfaden zur Auswahl geeigneter Gegenreaktionen in der elektro‐organischen Synthese.
Optimizing Pt Electronic States through Formation of a Schottky Junction on Non‐reducible Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Zi‐Xuan , Sun Kang , Gao Ming‐Liang , Metin Önder , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCharge transfer between metal sites and supports is crucial for catalysis. Redox‐inert supports are usually unfavorable due to their less electronic interaction with metal sites, which, we demonstrate, is not always correct. Herein, three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are chosen to mimic inert or active supports for Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and the photocatalysis is studied. Results demonstrate the formation of a Schottky junction between Pt and the MOFs, leading to the electron‐donation effect of the MOFs. Under light irradiation, both the MOF electron‐donation effect and Pt interband excitation dominate the Pt electron density. Compared with the “active” UiO‐66 and MIL‐125 supports, Pt NPs on the “inert” ZIF‐8 exhibit higher electron density due to the higher Schottky barrier, resulting in superior photocatalytic activity. This work optimizes metal catalysts with non‐reducible supports, and promotes the understanding of the relationship between the metal–support interaction and photocatalysis.
Task‐Specific Janus Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Vafaeezadeh Majid , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJanus materials are anisotropic nano‐ and microarchitectures with two different faces consisting of distinguishable or opposite physicochemical properties. In parallel with the discovery of new methods for the fabrication of these materials, decisive progress has been made in their application, for example, in biological science, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and, more recently, in battery technology. This Minireview systematically covers recent and significant achievements in the application of task‐specific Janus nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts in various types of chemical reactions, including reduction, oxidative desulfurization and dye degradation, asymmetric catalysis, biomass transformation, cascade reactions, oxidation, transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, electro‐ and photocatalytic reactions, as well as gas‐phase reactions. Finally, an outlook on possible future applications is given.
Effect of replacing UDMA by a new tetramethacrylate monomer on the properties of dental resin composite
Authors: Pérez‐Mondragón Alma Antonia , Trejo‐Carbajal Nayely , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos E. , Donado Fernando , Herrera‐González Ana M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to synthesize the tetramethacrylate monomer (TIMA) and evaluate its effect as a substituent for UDMA in the formulation of photopolymerizable dental resin composites (DRC).1H NMR,13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies corroborate the chemical structure of the TIMA monomer. The experimental composite resin is a mixture of TIMA/TEGDMA monomers and silanized inorganic filler while, the control resin is a mixture of UDMA/TEGDMA and filler. The double‐bond conversion, polymerization kinetics, volumetric shrinkage, aqueous sorption, solubility, mechanical properties, and cell viability are studied. The flexural strength of the composite resin formulated with TIMA monomer does not show statistical differences compared to the control (p > 0.05). However, formulations with the TIMA monomer presented higher elastic modulus (2425.37 MPa) and lower degree of conversion 38.5%, (p < 0.05). The differences in the water sorption, water solubility and volumetric shrinkage are not statistically significant between the groups (p > 0.05). Finally, the cell viability test show that the experimental resin formulated with TIMA monomer exhibited a cellular viability close to 100%. Due to its characteristics, TIMA monomer could be considered an alternative to UDMA in the composite resins with applications in dentistry.
One‐pot route to hyperbranched polyethylenimine‐dictated open cellular monolith as effective and charge‐selective adsorbent
Authors: Xu Sunkai , Jin Ming , Du Jiang , Wan Decheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study shows a one‐pot route to open cellular and functional monoliths. An oil‐in‐water high or medium internal phase emulsion readily forms by dropping oil into a dispersion of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) in aqueous branched polyethylenimine (PEI) solution. Crosslinking of PEI followed by removing the volatile yields an open cellular monolith. The key point of this strategy is that PEI can act as an emulsifier at high pH and simultaneously as reactants and finally as absorbing component. Results show that the rigid MC skeleton is fully covered by the flexible PEI network. The active amine content of the monolith reaches up to 3.3 mmol NH per g monolith. The open‐cellular structure stems from volume contraction. The porous monolith can sequester trace anionic dyes in water with an absorbing capacity up to 440 mg g−1 monolith, whereas the adsorption is highly charge‐selective. The monolith is pH‐recyclable and facilely separable from water.
Production of ultrafiltration membranes exhibiting antibacterial properties by the incorporation of novel N‐halamine copolymers
Authors: Demirci Fatma , Aydın Ahmet , Orhan Mehmet , Koçer Hasan Basri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibacterial PVDF flat sheet membranes are produced with the directly incorporation of novel synthesized N‐halamine copolymers having high chlorine loading capacity and compatible with the base polymer. FTIR and 1H NMR analysis are applied to the synthesized polymers and the presence of the polymers in the produce membrane structures are determined with FTIR and XPS analysis. To get information about phase separation behavior of the membrane solutions, ternary phase diagrams of the synthesized copolymers, PVDF, and their mixed solutions are prepared. The effect of synthesized polymers on membrane pore formation is revealed with ternary phase diagrams, water flux performance, BSA rejection performance, and SEM images of the produced membranes. Two different biocidal tests are applied to the membranes to determine the effectiveness of the membrane surfaces against biofilm formation, the speed of antibacterial efficiency and the duration of the biocidal activity of the membranes. The tests results show that only a small amount of copolymer incorporation into PVDF membranes solutions enables to production of antibacterial membranes with a long‐term and rapid efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
Serologic Biomarkers of Progression Toward Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Active Component Military Personnel
Authors: Loza Matthew J. , Nagpal Sunil , Cole Suzanne , Laird Renee M. , Alcala Ashley , Rao Navin L. , Riddle Mark S. , Porter Chad K. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo identify a panel of serum biomarkers that could specifically identify imminent cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before diagnosis.MethodsSerum samples were collected at 4 time points from active component US military personnel, including 157 anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–seropositive and 50 ACPA‐seronegative RA subjects, 100 reactive arthritis (ReA) subjects, and 76 healthy controls. The cohorts were split into 2 phases, with samples tested on independent proteomic platforms for each phase. Classification models of RA diagnosis based on samples obtained within 6 months prior to diagnosis were developed both in univariate analyses and by multivariate random forest modeling of training sample sets and testing sample sets from each phase.ResultsIncreases in serum analytes, including C‐reactive protein levels, serum amyloid A, and soluble programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1), were observed in seropositive RA subjects at the time point closest to diagnosis, up to several years before diagnosis. Only a small fraction of RA subjects had levels above the 95th percentile of healthy control levels until the time period within 6 months of diagnosis. For classification of RA diagnosis using samples obtained within 6 months prior to diagnosis, soluble PD‐1 provided superior specificity compared to ReA cases (>89%), with a sensitivity of 48% for RA classification. An 8‐analyte model provided superior sensitivity (69%), with comparable specificity relative to ReA (>82%).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that imminent RA diagnosis could be classified with high specificity, relative to healthy controls and ReA cases, using a panel of cytokines measured in serum samples collected within 6 months before actual diagnosis.