bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain softening effects in texture and microstructure of torsioned pre-deformed Al rods
Authors: Kuśnierz J. , Kurowski M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The strain softening effect is exemplified on Al rods (99.8 wt.% purity) torsioned after pre-deformation by rolling, where that effect is most distinct. Observations of thin foils in Al rods, parallel to cross – sectional plane as well as along longitudinal section, were carried out on samples deformed up to the shear deformation φ = 0.645, i. e., near the end of the stress softening range, and on samples deformed up to the shear deformation φ = 5.193, i. e., near the maximum of the strain hardening range. In the strain softening range we have noted: (a) a decrease in dislocation density in the grain interior and in the grain boundary, and (b) formation of a strong (001)[110] shear texture component. Growing dislocation density and formation of axial ⟨111⟩+⟨100⟩ texture components were observed during torsion in the strain hardening range.
Wear behaviour of graphitic aluminium composite sliding under dry conditions
Authors: Mohan S. , Pathak J. P. , Gupta R. C. , Srivastava S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A modified mixing and casting procedure was used for the preparation of Al-1.2 Si-0.8 Fe–Gr composite (wt.%). Graphite and gray cast iron powders were blended and dispersed in Al-1.2 Si matrix alloy melt and poured in a cast iron mould. Gray cast iron powder worked as carrier for graphite particles. The presence of graphite improves the ultimate tensile strength, tensile and compressive stress but beyond 1 % of graphite all properties deteriorate. However, hardness continuously increases and percentage elongation reduces with graphite. In wear studies, different mechanisms: mild-oxidative, oxidative-metallic and severe-metallic, are operative in the different combinations of sliding velocities and applied loads.
Thermally assisted motion of dislocations in solid solution-strengthened fcc alloys and the concept of “stress equivalence”
Authors: Argon Ali S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is demonstrated that relatively well established developments of the collective interactions of moderately concentrated solute atoms with a dislocation can furnish a satisfactory model for the thermally assisted motion of dislocations through such solute fields and provide insight into the concept of “stress equivalence” exhibited by binary fcc alloys. This is consistent with known dependencies of the plastic shear resistance on temperature and the universal dependence of the activation volume on flow stress alone, for a large family of binary fcc alloys of different solute concentration. Both the successful features of the model and some of its shortcomings are discussed.
Influence of dissolved gas molecules on the size recovery kinetics of cold-rolled BPA-PC
Authors: Tarasewich John , Pekarski Pavel , Kirchheim Reiner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Besides annealing, plastic strain in a polymer can also be released partly during the sorption of a small molecule like CO2 as reported for the first time in this study. The corresponding size recovery is measured for the glassy polymer Bisphenol-A-polycarbonate in situ in a dilatometer. The plastic strain was introduced into the polymer by cold rolling with a 17% reduction in cross-section and it was observed that the strain relaxation is anisotropic, i. e., being the largest in the rolling direction.
The grain boundary hardness in austenitic stainless steels studied by nanoindentations
Authors: Schweitzer Elmar , Göken Mathias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The strength of structural materials depends strongly on the structure and properties of grain boundaries. Grain boundaries in crystalline solids are internal surfaces and therefore likely sites for nucleation of precipitates and segregation effects. Nanoindentations are a suitable method to study the influence of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties. The necessary lateral resolution is achieved by combining with an atomic force microscope. Measurements on an austenitic steel after annealing at 650 °C, where the boundary is saturated with carbide precipitates, clearly show a decreasing hardness close to the interface in opposite to the general expected behaviour of strengthening. In this case segregation effects strongly influences the mechanical properties around the boundaries. These results are discussed in comparison with nanoindentation measurements on strongly ordered intermetallics like NiAl where no significant property change at the boundaries was found and with Vickers hardness measurements by Westbrook et al., where a higher grain boundary hardness was found in many metallic and intermetallic materials depending on their composition.
On the determination of the volume fraction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in binary Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Dlouhý Antonín , Khalil-Allafi Jafar , Eggeler Gunther 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The size distributions and volume fractions of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in Ni-rich Ni –Ti shape memory alloys affect their mechanical and functional properties. In the present work precipitate sizes and volume fractions were measured after various thermo-mechanical treatments using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with quantitative metallography. TEM tilting experiments revealed that the Ni4Ti3 particles have a disk-like shape with a disk diameter D and a disk thickness t. These two parameters together with the number density of particles per unit volume were determined after stress-free and stress-assisted aging at 400, 500 and 530 °C. Volume fraction results are presented after different thermo-mechanical treatments and our quantitative metallographic procedure is documented.
Diffraction by image processing and its application in materials science
Authors: Ohser Joachim , Schladitz Katja , Koch Karsten , Nöthe Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A spectral theory for constituents of macroscopically homogeneous random microstructures is developed and provided with a sound mathematical basis, where the spectrum obtained by Fourier methods corresponds to the angular intensity distribution of X-rays scattered by this constituent. It is shown that the fast Fourier transform applied to three-dimensional images of microstructures obtained by micro-tomography is a powerful tool of image processing. The applicability of this technique is demonstrated in the analysis of images of porous media.
Boron segregation and creep in ultra-fine grained tempered martensite ferritic steels
Authors: Eggeler G. , Dlouhy A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The creep strength of ultra-fine grained tempered martensite ferritic steels with 9 to 12 wt.% chromium is significantly increased when small amounts of boron (in the 100 wt-ppm regime) are added. In the present note, experimental evidence from the literature is reviewed and previous explanations for the role of boron are summarized. The explanation for the effect of boron on creep strength must leave space for the simultaneous effect of boron on ductility. A scenario is suggested where boron segregates to micrograin boundaries which often have subgrain-boundary character. Boron can decrease the subgrain-boundary energy, decrease the velocity of subgrain-boundary migration, hinder knitting reactions between free dislocations and subgrain-boundaries and thus contribute to creep strength. This decrease of intensity of interface plasticity contributes to a decrease in ductility. Boron may moreover decrease the strength of the interface and thus promote brittleness. Further work is required to fully account for the role of boron on the mechanical properties of tempered martensite ferritic steels.
Effect of interface strength on electromigration-induced inlaid copper interconnect degradation: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Zschech Ehrenfried , Engelmann Hans-Jürgen , Meyer Moritz Andreas , Kahlert Volker , Vairagar Anand V. , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Krishnamoorthy Ahila , Yan Minyu , Tu K. N. , Sukharev Valeriy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoth in situ microscopy experiments at embedded inlaid copper interconnect structures and numerical simulations based on a physical model provide information about electromigration-induced degradation mechanisms in on-chip interconnects. It is shown that the modification of the bonding strength of the weakest interface results in completely changed degradation and failure mechanisms. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of standard Cu/SiNxinterfaces are compared with strengthened interfaces, e. g., after applying an additional metal coating or a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on top of the polished copper lines. The changed degradation mechanisms as observed with the in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiment and as predicted based on the numerical simulations are explained based on TEM images.
Microstructure and phase formation of Heusler thin film compounds
Authors: Thomas Jürgen , Schumann Joachim , Dománková Maria , Gemming Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Heusler compounds are promising materials to be applied effectively as highly spin-polarized medium (or components) in spintronic devices. To prove their chances the microstructure, the phase formation, and the chemical homogeneity of sputtered thin films of Co2MnSi and Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al were studied by in-situ TEM observations as well as by analytical characterizations. The observed grain growth and phase formation in dependence on temperature agrees well with the results of measurements of the film resistivity. The chemical homogeneity varies and depends on the deposition process during thin film preparation, especially the incorporation of oxygen is an unwanted effect.
The local deformation behaviour of MMCs – an experimental study
Authors: Unterweger Klaus , Kolednik Otmar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe local deformation behaviour of powder metallurgy metal matrix composites (MMCs) with two different SiC particle sizes and aging conditions are investigated and compared to the behaviour of the un-reinforced matrix. In situ tensile loading experiments are carried out in a scanning electron microscope. Images taken at different deformation stages are analysed by a system for local deformation measurement. It is found that even the pure matrix material deforms inhomogeneously, showing a shear-band pattern which is independent of the loading stage. The MMCs with coarse reinforcements deform mainly due to shear bands which are induced by fractured particles. The MMCs with small particles exhibit a shear-band pattern which is controlled by the particle arrangement. The fracture of small particles does not induce far-reaching shear bands and, therefore, these materials have a higher strength and ductility.
The Haunting Past of Colonialism in Belgium the Death of Patrice Lumumba in Public Memory
Authors: Verbeeck Georgi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The remembrance of the death of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba of the Republic of the Congo in Belgium is indicative of a fundamental transformation in the latter country’s public memory of its former role as a colonizing power in Central Africa. After decades of public amnesia and hesitation to confront the past, a new narrative is slowly gaining ground. A gradual transformation process is taking place at the intersection of historical research, political intervention, and popular culture. Changes in Belgium’s memory landscape not only reflect wider international trends but also express national and particular sensitivities.
Incorporating peer feedback in writing instruction: examining its effects on Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ writing performance
Authors: Xu Zhiqing , Zhang Lawrence Jun , Parr Judy M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Peer feedback has been widely employed in writing instruction in various contexts. However, studies into its effects on improving students’ writing performance, particularly its long-term effects, are under-represented. To fill the research gap, we adopted a pre-, post-, and delayed post-test quasi-experimental design to investigate the long-term effects of a peer feedback intervention. Two intact classes of EFL students from a Chinese university were recruited, with one class participating in peer feedback activities and the other class receiving collective feedback from their teacher for one semester. Their compositions for the pre-, post-, delayed post-tests were compared in terms of the overall text quality, content, organization, complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). The results show that the experimental group participants made significant improvements in the overall text quality, content, organization, and accuracy in the post-test and they retained the improvements 12 weeks after the intervention. In addition, they outperformed their counterparts receiving collective feedback in the overall text quality and organization in the post- and delayed post-tests, and in accuracy only in the delayed post-test. Results suggest that peer feedback could help Chinese EFL learners make progress in writing.
Local controllability of hot electron and thermal effects enabled by chiral plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Kang Bowen , Zhang Tingting , Yan Lei , Gou Chengxiang , Jiang Zihe , Ji Min , Chen Li , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong , Xu Hongxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe control of hot electron (HE) and thermal effects induced by plasmonic nanostructures has recently attracted considerable attention. When illuminated by light with different circular polarization states, the circular dichroism signal of molecules adsorbed by plasmonic chiral nanostructures can control HE and thermal effects. These effects have the potential to enhance reaction rates and to change selectivity patterns in photothermal catalysis. Here, we propose an aluminum L-shaped chiral nanostructure system in which HE and thermal effects can be controlled in different regions of the nanostructure by changing the chirality of the excitation light. A large difference of 12.75% in the HE effect but a virtually identical thermal effect can be achieved in different regions of the nanostructure by selecting the appropriate probed region, while a large thermal effect difference of 65.67% but a virtually identical HE effect can be achieved in one region of the nanostructure by changing the polarization state of the excitation light. In addition, the HE and thermal chiral selectivity effects of double L-shaped nanostructures are investigated as these structures can be more easily controlled during asymmetric chiral growth and crystallization. This work combined with plasmonic chirality is beneficial for quantifying HE and thermal effects in photochemical reactions and provides theoretical support for designing catalysts and optimizing plasmonic platforms. Additionally, the local controllability of HE and thermal effects plays an essential role in high-resolution photochemical reactions, especially in single-molecule photochemical reactions.
Modeling electrostatic potential in FDSOI MOSFETS: An approach based on homotopy perturbations
Authors: Kevkić Tijana S. , Nikolić Vojkan R. , Stojanović Vladica S. , Milosavljević Dragana D. , Jovanović Slavica J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Modeling of the electrostatic potential for fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is presented in this article. The modeling is based on the analytical solution of two-dimensional Poisson’s equation obtained by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The HPM with suitable boundary conditions results in the so-called HPM solution in general and closed-form, independent of the surface potential. The HPM solution has been applied in modeling the output characteristics of the FDSOI MOSFET, which show good agreement compared with the numerical results.
Effect of combination printing parameter (infill density and raster angle) on the mechanical and electrical properties of 3D printed PLA/ZnO and cPLA/ZnO composites
Authors: Tan Mei Ai , Yeoh Cheow Keat , Teh Pei Leng , Abdul Rahim Nor Azura , Song Cheah Chie , Mansor Nor Shahira Shahkila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) were successfully fabricated by attaching a ZnO dispenser beside a MendelMax RepRap Printer. Mechanical and electrical testings were performed to characterize the properties of PLA/ZnO and cPLA/ZnO composites. PLA polymer filament is a biodegradable material with the same strength and modulus as other plastic materials. This work emphasizes the effects of printing parameters (infill density and raster angle) on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of PLA/ZnO composites. The combination of 100% infill density and 0° raster angle resulted in a substantial increase in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, but reduction in break elongation. As the infill density increased and shifted from 90° to 0° raster angle, the storage modulus was enhanced but the damping factor declined. Scanning electron microscope images proved ZnO was dispersed in the PLA matrix. Optical measurements showed a large air gap across the 35% compared to the 100% infill density. Conductive PLA composites (cPLA/ZnO) enhanced electrical conductivity when increasing infill density compared to PLA composites. Therefore, optimizing printing parameters could help manufacturers provide superior quality structure and cPLA composites for electrical and electronic applications due to good electrical conductivity.
Synthesis and inhibitive characteristic of two acryloyl chloride derivatives towards the corrosion of API 5L X52 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Khalil Eid M. , EL-Mahdy Gamal A. , Mohammed Ahmed S. , El-Sattar Noureldin A. Abd 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two new organic based corrosion compounds were prepared from Acryloyl chloride are namely: N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (DEA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (MEA). The prepared compounds were studied as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution while the efficiency of the prepared compounds were studied through different chemical (weight loss, WL) and electrochemical techniques [potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)] in addition to, the theoretical techniques as Quantum chemical calculations, Monte Carlo simulation and the surface morphology study using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained results showed that the investigated compounds are working as good corrosion inhibitors, the inhibition efficacy (%IE) increases with the increase of the compound concentrations. However, the %IE decreases with the rise in the temperature proving that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the CS surface is physisorption, while the polarization data revealed that these compounds are classified as mixed kind inhibitors, that inhibits both anodic and cathodic reactions. Results reveal that DEA and MEA exhibit an excellent %IE of 89.2 and 71.6% at 60 ppm for DEA and MEA, respectively. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on CS surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm. There is a strong matching between results obtained from experimental and theoretical studies. The order of the investigated inhibitors based on the %IE is DEA > MEA.
Development of an Effective Client-Practitioner Therapeutic Alliance in the Management of Low Back Pain
Authors: Hanney William J. , Kolber Morey J. , Salamh Paul A. , Bucci Marino J. , Cundiff Megan B. , Haynes Dominick P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem in industrialized society with a considerable economic impact. There are many treatment approaches for LBP; however, many are expensive and possess questionable efficacy. An often-overlooked aspect of care for individuals with LBP is establishment of a positive therapeutic alliance. The therapeutic alliance essentially describes the relationship between the patient or client and practitioner that embodies trust, empathy, and mutual respect. Evidence suggests that when a positive therapeutic alliance exists, outcomes are improved. Unfortunately, practitioners are rarely instructed in how to specifically develop a positive therapeutic alliance. This article intends to highlight the overarching elements of establishing a therapeutic alliance for LBP management.
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN SUMBER BELAJAR IPS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 29 SEMARANG
Authors: Dewi Susilo , . Tukidi , Sayidatun Nisa Aisyah Nur 
Published: February 2022

The purposes of researchare (1) To know the utilization of Social science learning sources by the students; (2) To know the influence of the utilization of Social science learning sources on the learning results ofeighth grade in SMP Negeri 29 Semarang. Data analysis for the utilization of Social science learning resources using frequency descriptive, and simple linear regression analysis for the influence of utilization of Social science learning resources on learning results. The results showed that (1) The utilization of Social science learning sources in SMP Negeri 29 Semarang; (2) The influence of the utilization of Social science learning sources on the students learning results. The regression equation is Y = 13.788 + 1.145X means the increase of learning results on student learning method is positive. The average of the students learning methodis 39.38, according to the regression equation,the learning result is 68 (below the KKM).
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar IPS oleh siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 29 Semarang; (2) Mengetahui Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar IPS Terhadap Hasil Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 29 Semarang. Analisis data untuk pemanfaatan sumber belajar IPS menggunakan deskriptif frekuensi, dan analisis pengaruh pemanfaatan sumber belajar IPS terhadap hasil belajar siswa menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; (1) Pemanfaatan sumber belajar IPS pada SMP Negeri 29 Semarang, secara umum dikategorikan sering memanfaatkan sumber belajar IPS; (2) Pengaruh pemanfaatan sumber belajar IPS terhadap hasil belajar pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 29 Semarang persamaan regresinya adalah Y= 13,788+1,145X yang berarti kenaikan hasil belajar terhadap cara belajar siswa adalah sebesar 1,145 dengan koefisien regresinya positif. Rata-rata nilai cara belajar siswa berdasarkan kuesioner yang diberikan adalah 39,38 sehingga berdasarkan persamaan regresinya dihasilkan nilai hasil belajar sebesar 68 (dibawah nilai KKM).