bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrative re-evaluation of Typhlatya shrimp within the karst aquifer of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Ballou Lauren , Brankovits David , Chávez-Solís Efraín M. , Chávez Díaz José M. , Gonzalez Brett C. , Rohret Shari , Salinas Alexa , Liu Arielle , Simões Nuno , Álvarez Fernando , Miglietta Maria Pia , Iliffe Thomas M. , Borda Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico is a carbonate platform well-known for extensive karst networks of densely stratified aquifer ecosystems. This aquifer supports diverse anchialine fauna, including species of the globally distributed anchialine shrimp genusTyphlatya(Atyidae). Four species (T. campecheae,T. pearsei,T. dzilamensisandT. mitchelli)are endemic to the Peninsula, of which three are federally listed in Mexico. This first integrative evaluation (i.e., molecular, morphological, broad geographic and type locality sampling, and environmental data) of YucatánTyphlatyareveals considerable species identity conflict in prior phylogenetic assessments, broad species ranges, syntopy within cave systems and five genetic lineages (of which two are new to science). Despite sampling from the type locality ofendangered T. campecheae, specimens (and molecular data) were indistinguishable fromvulnerable T. pearsei. Ancestral/divergence reconstructions support convergent evolution of a low-salinity ancestor for a post-Paleogene arc Yucatán + CubaTyphlatyaclade within the anchialine Atyidae clade. A secondary adaptation for the coastal-restricted euryhaline (2–37 psu),Typhlatya dzilamensis(unknown conservation status) was identified, while remaining species lineages were low-salinity (< 5 psu) adapted and found within the meteoric lens of inland and coastal caves. This study demonstrates the need for integrative/interdisciplinary approaches when conducting biodiversity assessments in complex and poorly studied aquifers.
Real-time reconstruction of high energy, ultrafast laser pulses using deep learning
Authors: Stanfield Matthew , Ott Jordan , Gardner Christopher , Beier Nicholas F. , Farinella Deano M. , Mancuso Christopher A. , Baldi Pierre , Dollar Franklin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a method for the phase reconstruction of an ultrashort laser pulse based on the deep learning of the nonlinear spectral changes induce by self-phase modulation. The neural networks were trained on simulated pulses with random initial phases and spectra, with pulse durations between 8.5 and 65 fs. The reconstruction is valid with moderate spectral resolution, and is robust to noise. The method was validated on experimental data produced from an ultrafast laser system, where near real-time phase reconstructions were performed. This method can be used in systems with known linear and nonlinear responses, even when the fluence is not known, making this method ideal for difficult to measure beams such as the high energy, large aperture beams produced in petawatt systems.
Metabolomic serum abnormalities in dogs with hepatopathies
Authors: Imbery Carolin A. , Dieterle Frank , Ottka Claudia , Weber Corinna , Schlotterbeck Götz , Müller Elisabeth , Lohi Hannes , Giger Urs 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatopathies can cause major metabolic abnormalities in humans and animals. This study examined differences in serum metabolomic parameters and patterns in left-over serum samples from dogs with either congenital portosystemic shunts (cPSS, n = 24) or high serum liver enzyme activities (HLEA, n = 25) compared to control dogs (n = 64). A validated targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform was used to assess 123 parameters. Principal component analysis of the serum metabolome demonstrated distinct clustering among individuals in each group, with the cluster of HLEA being broader compared to the other groups, presumably due to the wider spectrum of hepatic diseases represented in these samples. While younger and older adult control dogs had very similar metabolomic patterns and clusters, there were changes in many metabolites in the hepatopathy groups. Higher phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations, lower branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs) concentrations, and altered fatty acid parameters were seen in cPSS dogs compared to controls. In contrast, dogs with HLEA had increased concentrations of BCAAs, phenylalanine, and various lipoproteins. Machine learning based solely on the metabolomics data showed excellent group classification, potentially identifying a novel tool to differentiate hepatopathies. The observed changes in metabolic parameters could provide invaluable insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of hepatopathies.
Impact of tissue processing on microbiological colonization in the context of placentophagy
Authors: Johnson Sophia K. , Pastuschek Jana , Benyshek Daniel C. , Heimann Yvonne , Möller Anne , Rödel Jürgen , White Jacob , Zöllkau Janine , Groten Tanja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mother’s postpartum ingestion of raw or processed placental tissue—referred to as human maternal placentophagy—is an emerging health trend observed in industrialized nations. Placenta is commonly consumed as small pieces of raw tissue, or as raw or steamed dehydrated pulverized and encapsulated tissue. To investigate the potential neonatal health risks of this behavior, the present study focused on microbial colonization of processed placenta preparations with potentially pathogenic bacteriaStreptococcus agalactiae(Group-B-Streptococci; GBS) andEscherichia coli(E. coli). In the clinical approach placentas from 24 mothers were analyzed. Two placentas, from 13 mothers with confirmed positive maternal GBS status, showed GBS-growth on their surface (2/13; 15.4%) independent from delivery mode or antibiotic treatment. All processed samples (n = 24) were free from GBS. In the experimental approach, a standardized inoculation protocol was introduced to resemble ascending vaginal and hematogenous colonization. Six placentas from elective term C-sections of GBS negative mothers were collected and artificially inoculated with highly concentrated suspensions of GBS andE. coli. Heat processing significantly reduced the number of colony forming units (CFU) for GBS andE. coli. Our results suggest placentophagy of processed tissue is an unlikely source of clinical infection.
Newcastle disease virus genotype VII gene expression in experimentally infected birds
Authors: Doan Phuong Thi Kim , Low Wai Yee , Ren Yan , Tearle Rick , Hemmatzadeh Farhid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNewcastle disease virus genotype VII (NDV-GVII) is a highly contagious pathogen responsible for pandemics that have caused devastating economic losses in the poultry industry. Several features in the transcription of NDV mRNA, including differentially expressed genes across the viral genome, are shared with that for other single, non-segmented, negative-strand viruses. Previous studies measuring viral gene expression using northern blotting indicated that the NDV transcription produced non-equimolar levels of viral mRNAs. However, deep high-throughput sequencing of virus-infected tissues can provide a better insight into the patterns of viral transcription. In this report, the transcription pattern of virulent NDV-GVII was analysed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. This study revealed the transcriptional profiling of these highly pathogenic NDV-GVII genes: NP:P:M:F:HN:L, in which there was a slight attenuation at the NP:P and HN:L gene boundaries. Our result also provides a fully comprehensive qPCR protocol for measuring viral transcript abundance that may be more convenient for laboratories where accessing RNA-seq is not feasible.
OES diagnostics as a universal technique to control the Si etching structures profile in ICP
Authors: Osipov Artem A. , Iankevich Gleb A. , Speshilova Anastasia B. , Gagaeva Alina E. , Osipov Armenak A. , Enns Yakov B. , Kazakin Alexey N. , Endiiarova Ekaterina V. , Belyanov Ilya A. , Ivanov Viktor I. , Alexandrov Sergey E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate the high efficiency of optical emission spectroscopy to estimate the etching profile of silicon structures in SF6/C4F8/O2 plasma. The etching profile is evaluated as a ratio of the emission intensity of the oxygen line (778.1 nm) to the fluorine lines (685.8 nm and 703.9 nm). It was found that for the creation of directional structures with line sizes from 13 to 100 μm and aspect ratio from ≈ 0.15 to ≈ 5 the optimal intensities ratio is in the range of 2–6, and for structures from 400 to 4000 μm with aspect ratio from ≈ 0.03 to ≈ 0.37 it is in the range 1.5–2. Moreover, the influence of the process parameters on the etching rate of silicon, the etching rate of aluminum, the inclination angle of the profile wall of the etched window, the selectivity of silicon etching with respect to aluminum, and the influence on the overetching (Bowing effect) of the structure was investigated.
Significance of a decrease in the proportion of detrusor muscle to bladder wall for non-invasive diagnosis of detrusor underactivity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Yoo Sangjun , Cho Min Chul , Jeong Hyeon , Choo Min Soo , Son Hwancheol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo investigate the significance of detrusor muscle thickness (DMT) to bladder wall thickness (BWT) ratio as a detrusor-sarcopenia and a consistently applicable factor for noninvasive diagnosis of detrusor underactivity (DU). We prospectively performed a urodynamic study of 100 male with medical refractory lower-urinary-tract-symptoms during 2017–2019. The DMT, BWT and DMT/BWT ratio were measured by ultrasonography every 50 mL during bladder filling, and were analyzed for non-invasive diagnosis of DU and prediction of prostate surgery outcome with questionnaire and the maximum-flow-rate. Of the 94 patients, DU was urodynamically diagnosed in 24 (25.5%). The DMT/BWT ratio was maintained in all patients until the 50% of the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), and then rapidly decreased. At 20% of the MCC, the DMT/BWT ratio was significantly lower in the DU group (44.0 ± 4.9% vs. 49.4 ± 6.7%, p = 0.008). The DMT/BWT ratio of less than 47.5% at 20% of the MCC showed the ideal accuracy for diagnosing DU (AUC = 0.763), and was a predictor of failure at 12 months after prostate surgery (OR 8.78, p = 0.024). A DMT/BWT ratio of less than 47.5% at 20% of the MCC is a consistently applicable factor for non-invasive diagnosis of DU and could also be considered detrusor-sarcopenia.
Renal impairment is one of appropriate predictors of future diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a hospital-based 6-year follow-up study
Authors: Wang Chi-Sheng , Pai Yen-Wei , Lin Ching-Heng , Lee I-Te , Chang Ming-Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relationship between renal impairment and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains inconclusive. We aim to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of DPN in Taiwanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and focus on renal impairment. A hospital-based study was conducted from 2013 to 2019 and 552 Taiwanese people who had T2DM without DPN at baseline were enrolled. DPN was diagnosed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Potential risk factors were recorded, including patient’s sociodemographic factors, current medication usage and biochemical markers. As of 2019, 73 developed DPN and 479 had no DPN. The cumulative incidence during the 6-year period was 13.22%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, p = 0.005), advanced age (OR 1.06, p = 0.001), increased body weight (OR 1.04, p = 0.018), duration of DM (OR 1.05, p = 0.036) and male gender (OR 3.69, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with future DPN. In addition, patients with T2DM under the age of 65 with higher serum creatinine concentration (OR 8.91, p = 0.005) and higher baseline HbA1C (OR 1.71, p < 0.001) revealed significantly associated with future DPN. In conclusion, this is the first large scaled hospital-based study with long term follow-up to investigate risk factors for DPN in Taiwanese. Lower eGFR and higher serum creatinine concentration, particularly in people under the age of 65, are predictors of future DPN in Taiwanese people with T2DM. Other predictors included advanced age, increased body weight, duration of DM, male gender for all ages and HbA1c in enrolled patients under the age of 65. Our study not only confirms the association between renal impairment and future DPN but also provides a commonly available assessment to predict the future DPN.
Impact of healthcare-associated infections on functional outcome of severe acquired brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Bartolo Michelangelo , Zucchella Chiara , Aabid Hend , Valoriani Beatrice , Copetti Massimiliano , Fontana Andrea , Intiso Domenico , Mancuso Mauro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo describe healthcare-associated infections in inpatient neuro-rehabilitation and their impact on functional outcome, a multicenter observational study with severe acquired brain injury (sABI) patients was performed. Patients were divided into infected (INF-group) or not infected (noINF-group) and assessed at admission and discharge, by means of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCF), the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and the modified Barthel Index (mBI). One hundred-nineteen patients were included in the INF-group, and 109 in the noINF-group. Culture specimens were found positive for bloodstream (43.8%), respiratory tract (25.7%), urinary tract (16.2%), gastro-intestinal system (8.6%) and skin (2.4%) infections. Multiple microorganisms were the most frequent (58.1%) and 55.5% of patients needed functional isolation due to multidrug resistant germs. The functional status of both groups improved after rehabilitation, but multivariable analyses showed that the INF-group showed a significantly lower gain to GCS (p = 0.008), DRS (p = 0.020) and mBI (p = 0.021) compared to the noINF-group. Length of stay (LOS) and number of skipped rehabilitative sessions were not statistically different between the groups; mortality rate was significantly higher in the INF-group (p = 0.04). Infected sABI patients showed longer LOS, significant increased mortality, and a lower functional outcome than not infected patients.
The concurrence of sexual violence and physical fighting among adolescent suicide ideators and the risk of attempted suicide
Authors: Li Xun , Xiang Shi-Ting , Dong Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSexual violence and physical fighting are independent risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. However, whether the concurrence of these two risk factors increases the risk of suicidal behaviors among ideators, and by how much that risk increases are unknown. This study analyzed data from the 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Students who reported having seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year were included (n = 1755). The associations between physical fighting/sexual violence status and the risk of suicide attempt/plan/attempt requiring medical intervention were estimated. The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence substantially increased the relative risk of attempted suicide (adjusted relative risk, adRR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.72, 2.29) and attempted suicide requiring medical intervention (adRR = 4.07, 95% CI 2.84, 5.85; subgroup analyses: among women, adRR = 3.33, 95% CI 2.14, 5.17; among men, adRR = 6.25, 95% CI 3.32, 12.28). Among students who had experienced concurrent physical fighting and sexual violence, more suicide-attempt-associated health-risk behaviors were reported by men (median = 14) than women (median = 12) (p = 0.0023). The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence among adolescent suicide ideators was shown to be significantly associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide. A wide variety of health-risk behaviors were shown to cluster with the concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence. This was especially the case among men, consistent with their higher rate of attempted suicide requiring medical intervention.
Seroconversion dynamic and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in unvaccinated population during the first and second outbreaks in Mexico
Authors: Fernández-Rojas Miguel A. , Luna-Ruiz Esparza Marco A. , Campos-Romero Abraham , Calva-Espinosa Diana Y. , Moreno-Camacho José L. , Mendlovic Fela , Plett-Torres Tanya , Alcántar-Fernández Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSerosurveillance helps establish reopening guidelines and determine the immunity levels in different populations to reach herd immunity. Then, there is an urgent need to estimate seroprevalence population wide. In Mexico, information about COVID-19 cases and related deaths is scarce. Also, there is no official serosurveillance, limiting our knowledge of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we report the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 522,690 unvaccinated people from July 5th to December 31st, 2020. The overall seroprevalence was 32.8% and highest in adults aged 30–39 years (38.5%) than people under 20 years (33.0%) or older (28.9%). Moreover, in a cohort of 1655 individuals confirmed COVID-19 by PCR, we found that symptomatic people (HR = 2.56) increased seroconversion than presymptomatic. Also, we identified that the most discriminative symptoms for COVID-19 that could predict seroconversion were anosmia and ageusia (HR = 1.70), fever, myalgia/arthralgia, and cough (HR = 1.75). Finally, we found that obese people had lower seroconversion (HR = 0.53) than healthy people, but the opposite happens in diabetic people (HR = 1.39). These findings reveal that around one-third of Mexican outpatients had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before vaccination. Also, some symptoms improve empirically COVID-19 diagnosis and seroconversion. This information could help fine-tune vaccination schemes and the reopening and back-to-work algorithms.
Repeatable and deterministic all electrical switching in a mixed phase artificial multiferroic
Authors: Griggs W. , Thomson T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate a repeatable all-electric magnetic switching behaviour in a PMN-PT/FeRh thin film artificial multiferroic. The magnitude of the effect is significantly smaller than expected from conventional thermomagnetic switching of FeRh thin films and we explore properties of the PMN-PT/FeRh system in order to understand the origin of this reduction. The data demonstrate the importance of the crystallographic phase of PMN-PT and show how a phase transition at ~ 100 °C modifies the magneto-electric coupling. We demonstrate a large strain remanence effect in the PMN-PT substrate, which limits the magnetoelectric coupling on successive cycling of the applied electric field.
Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf – a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane
Authors: Kruszyńska K. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Rybicki K. A. , Maskoliūnas M. , Bachelet E. , Rattenbury N. , Mróz P. , Zieliński P. , Howil K. , Kaczmarek Z. , Hodgkin S. T. , Ihanec N. , Gezer I. , Gromadzki M. , Mikołajczyk P. , Stankevičiūtė A. , Čepas V. , Pakštienė E. , Šiškauskaitė K. , Zdanavičius J. , Bozza V. , Dominik M. , Figuera Jaimes R. , Fukui A. , Hundertmark M. , Narita N. , Street R. , Tsapras Y. , Bronikowski M. , Jabłońska M. , Jabłonowska A. , Ziółkowska O. 
Published: March 2022

Context. The timescale of a microlensing event scales as a square root of a lens mass. Therefore, long-lasting events are important candidates for massive lenses, including black holes.
Aims. Here, we present the analysis of the Gaia18cbf microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. It exhibited a long timescale and features that are common for the annual microlensing parallax effect. We deduce the parameters of the lens based on the derived best fitting model.
Methods. We used photometric data collected by the Gaia satellite as well as the follow-up data gathered by the ground-based observatories. We investigated the range of microlensing models and used them to derive the most probable mass and distance to the lens using a Galactic model as a prior. Using a known mass-brightness relation, we determined how likely it is that the lens is a main-sequence (MS) star.
Results. This event is one of the longest ever detected, with the Einstein timescale of tE = 491.41−84.94+128.31 days for the best solution and tE = 453.74−105.74+178.69 days for the second best. Assuming Galaxy priors, this translates to the most probable lens masses of ML = 2.65−1.48+5.09 M⊙ and ML = 1.71−1.06+3.78 M⊙, respectively. The limits on the blended light suggest that this event was most likely not caused by a MS star, but rather by a dark remnant of stellar evolution.
Properties and applications of a predicted population of runaway He-sdO/B stars ejected from single degenerate He-donor SNe
Authors: Neunteufel P. , Preece H. , Kruckow M. , Geier S. , Hamers A. S. , Justham S. , Podsiadlowski Ph. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Thermonuclear supernovae (SNe), a subset of which are the highly important SNe of Type Ia and Iax, are relatively poorly understood phenomena. One of the more promising scenarios leading up to the creation of a thermonuclear SN involves accretion of helium-rich material from a binary companion. Following the SN, the binary companion is then ejected from the location of the progenitor binary at velocities possibly large enough to unbind it from the gravitational potential of the Galaxy. Ejected companion stars should form a detectable population, if their production mechanism is not exceedingly rare.
Aims. This study builds on previous works, producing the most extensive prediction of the properties of such a hypothetical population to date, taking both Chandrasekhar and non-Chandrasekhar mass events into account. These results are then used to define criteria for membership of this population and characterise putative subpopulations.
Methods. This study contains 6 × 106 individual ejection trajectories out of the Galactic plane calculated with the stellar kinematics framework SHyRT, which are analysed with regard to their bulk observational properties. These are then put into context with the only previously identified population member US 708 and applied to a number of other possible candidate objects.
Results. We find that two additional previously observed objects possess properties to warrant a designation as candidate objects. Characterisation of these object with respect to the predicted population finds all of them to be extreme in at least one astrometric observable. Higher mass (> 0.7 M⊙) objects should be over-represented in the observationally accessible volume, with the ratio of bound to unbound objects being an accessible observable for the determination of the dominant terminal accretor mass. We find that current observations of runaway candidates within 10 kpc support a Galactic SN rate of the order of ∼3×10−7 yr−1 to ∼2×10−6 yr−1, three orders of magnitude below the inferred Galactic SN Ia rate and two orders of magnitude below the formation rate of predicted He-donor progenitors.
Conclusions. The number of currently observed population members suggests that the He-donor scenario, as suspected before, is not a dominant contributor to the number of observed SNe Ia. However, even at the low event rate suggested, we find that the majority of possibly detectable population members is still undetected. The extreme nature of current population members suggests that a still larger number of objects has simply evaded detection up to this point, hinting at a higher contribution than is currently supported by observation.