bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology induced first-order phase transitions in lattice quantum gravity
Authors: Ambjorn J. , Gizbert-Studnicki J. , Görlich A. , Németh D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a lattice formulation of quantum gravity, suitable for Monte-Carlo simulations which have been used to study the phase diagram of the model. It has four phases characterized by different dominant geometries, denoted phase A, B, C and Cb. In this article we analyse the A − B and the B − C phase transitions in the case where the topology of space is that of the three-torus. This completes the phase diagram of CDT for such a spatial topology. We observe that the order of a phase transition of spacetime geometries can depend on the topology of spacetime.
Associations between perceived quantitative work demands at different organisational levels and pain and sickness absence in eldercare workers: a multi-level longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stevens Matthew L. , Karstad Kristina , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Rugulies Reiner , Hallman David M. , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Eldercare work is characterised by high quantitative work demands and high occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and sickness absence. Our aim was to investigate the association between quantitative demands aggregated at the different organizational levels of eldercare and low back pain (LBP) and sickness absence due to pain among workers.

Methods
This study was conducted in 527 eldercare workers from 105 wards across 20 nursing homes in Denmark. We collected workers’ perceived quantitative demands at baseline and workers’ LBP and sickness absence repeatedly over the following year. We aggregated worker-level quantitative demands to the ward and nursing home-levels, and used mixed-effects regression models to investigate the associations between quantitative demands at different organizational levels and LBP and sickness absence over 1 year.

Results
Across all models, increased quantitative demands (0–100 scale) at the worker-level was associated with an increased likelihood (OR 1.02) and intensity of LBP (β = 0.01). We did not identify any associations between quantitative demands at the ward-level and either of our outcomes. Across all models, increased quantitative demands at the nursing home-level was associated with increased days with sickness absence due to pain (β = 0.03 to 0.06).

Conclusion
In eldercare, workers’ perceived quantitative demands are associated with the presence and intensity of LBP. Further, quantitative demands across the overall nursing home-level are associated with sickness absence due to pain among eldercare workers. These results are of relevance to developing organisational interventions targeting quantitative demands to reduce sickness absence in eldercare.
Cannabidiol induces autophagy and improves neuronal health associated with SIRT1 mediated longevity
Authors: Wang Zhizhen , Zheng Peng , Chen Xi , Xie Yuanyi , Weston-Green Katrina , Solowij Nadia , Chew Yee Lian , Huang Xu-Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutophagy
is a catabolic process to eliminate defective cellular molecules via lysosome-mediated degradation. Dysfunctional autophagy is associated with accelerated aging, whereas stimulation of autophagy could have potent anti-aging effects. We report that cannabidiol (CBD), a natural compound from Cannabis sativa, extends lifespan and rescues age-associated physiological declines in C. elegans. CBD promoted autophagic flux in nerve-ring neurons visualized by a tandem-tagged LGG-1 reporter during aging in C. elegans. Similarly, CBD activated autophagic flux in hippocampal and SH-SY5Y neurons. Furthermore, CBD-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on autophagy genes (bec-1, vps-34, and sqst-1) confirmed by RNAi knockdown experiments. C. elegans neurons have previously been shown to accumulate aberrant morphologies, such as beading and blebbing, with increasing age. Interestingly, CBD treatment slowed the development of these features in anterior and posterior touch receptor neurons (TRN) during aging. RNAi knockdown experiments indicated that CBD-mediated age-associated morphological changes in TRNs require bec-1 and sqst-1, not vps-34. Further investigation demonstrated that CBD-induced lifespan extension and increased neuronal health require sir-2.1/SIRT1. These findings collectively indicate the anti-aging benefits of CBD treatment, in both in vitro and in vivo models, and its potential to improve neuronal health and longevity.
Once they’ve been there, they like to share: capitalizing on ephemerality and need for uniqueness to drive word of mouth for brands with pop-up stores
Authors: Henkel Laura , Toporowski Waldemar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRetail has responded to the continuing shift in consumer preferences toward ephemerality and immediacy with the development of temporary experiential stores known as pop-ups. In the realm of experiential stores, research has identified retail and brand experience as affecting positive word of mouth (WoM). Surprisingly, however, studies have yet to consider pop-ups’ distinguishing feature of ephemerality or their main type of visitor, consumers with a high need for uniqueness (NFU). Building on five studies (two field studies, three experiments) and contributing to scarcity research, our results demonstrate the positive effect of an experiential store’s temporal scarcity for consumers and brands–namely, an enhanced brand experience. Moreover, our research corroborates our prediction of self-enhancement: For high-NFU consumers, brand experience translates into increased positive WoM when communicating with distant others. In contrast, when communicating with close others, the instinct of high-NFU customers to preserve their uniqueness does not affect positive WoM.
Impact of the microalga Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco culture and its β-carotene extract on the development of salt-stressed squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Mabrouka)
Authors: El-Adl Magda F. , Deyab Mohamed A. , Ghazal Mai A. , Elsadany Abdelgawad Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSalinity is a major threat to crop production and global food security. Algae and their extracts containing bioactive compounds can enhance the salt tolerance of plants, including the salt-sensitive plants. The current study evaluated the efficacy of Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco culture and/or its β-carotene extract in improving the salt tolerance of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Mabrouka). Amendment of C. pepo with D. salina culture and/or its β-carotene extract was more effective in alleviating the impact of moderate salinity imposed by seawater dilution of 2.5 dS m−1 than either low (0.55 dS m−1) or high (3.5 dS m−1) salinity, with a comparable effect to that of salicylic acid (SA). Plants that received a combination of D. salina culture and its β-carotene extract showed significantly higher growth (total biomass, fruit productivity) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K+) contents) than those receiving either amendment alone, reaching up to 80–90% of the SA-treated plants at moderate salinity (2.5 dS m−1). The combination could enhance the antioxidant activity of moderately salt-stressed C. pepo via increasing carotenoids and phenolics contents, suggesting that this combination could enhance the adaptation of C. pepo to the moderate salinity. The present study recommends using the blooms of D. salina and its β-carotene that is naturally secreted in situ in natural or synthetic open systems in improving the salt tolerance of C. pepo instead of using the expensive synthetic hormones.
Technology, life histories and circulation of gold objects during the Middle Period (AD 400–1000): A perspective from the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Plaza Calonge María Teresa , Figueroa Larre Valentina , Martinón-Torres Marcos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies of archaeological goldwork in the Americas are increasingly revealing a rich variety of context-specific ways in which gold items were produced and valued, but research attention has largely focused on visually striking artefacts. However, in the south-central Andes, goldwork is described essentially as a ‘sheet technology’—a definition that tends to downplay the potential complexity and cultural significance of this technology in such an extensive and varied region. Here, we employ a life-history approach to explore the existence of particular traditions within this large area. We present chemical and microscopic analyses, using pXRF, SEM–EDS, PIXE and digital microscopy, of 142 gold and silver objects from San Pedro de Atacama (northern Chile), recovered in seven cemeteries dated to the Middle Period (AD 400–1000). Our results reveal a heterogeneous assemblage where compositions, techniques, designs and skill levels vary, suggesting that gold artefacts circulated and were imported from different areas of the south-central Andes, such as Tiwanaku, Cochabamba and northwest Argentina. We also identify for the first time two distinct technological traditions used in San Pedro: small-scale goldwork production, and a tradition of modifying and reusing imported objects by cutting, perforating and separating object parts. Considering the depositional contexts, we propose that the funerary ritual at San Pedro was a key factor in the development of this local goldwork. Our research demonstrates that even small and unimpressive artefacts can be successfully interrogated from archaeological perspectives with integrative approaches that go beyond overly generalising perspectives of gold as an exotic status marker.
Can we do real inquiry online? Influence of real-time data collection on students’ views of inquiry in an online, multi-site masters’ degree on environmental education
Authors: Castillo-Hernández Francisco-José , Jiménez-Liso María-Rut , Couso Digna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a previous study we detected that a number of inquiry stages (data collection, analysis and conclusions) went unnoticed by the students of an in situ joint online/onsite master’s degree via online teaching. In this paper we analyse the effect of improved instruction, in which students fully experienced and became aware of all the stages that comprise the inquiry-based teaching approach. In the article we show the differences between the initial and improved instruction. The comparison of student comments as exhibited in the online class diary forum between the initial and improved instruction has allowed us to analyse the influence of this improvement in the level of depth of the students’ discourse. Two codings have been employed to analyse the forums: the first (deductive) detected which stages of inquiry appeared in the comments. The second (inductive) involved the recoding of each of the previously classified comments based on five levels of communicative quality that emerged. Our main finding was that as well as being more aware of the different stages of inquiry, the students of the improved investigation were able to explain and identify them with specific examples. In other words, the investment of time in developing each of the stages in question helped them to define, afford reality to, and increase the explicative quality of their comments.
G4-quadruplex-binding proteins: review and insights into selectivity
Authors: Meier-Stephenson Vanessa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are over 700,000 putative G4-quadruplexes (G4Qs) in the human genome, found largely in promoter regions, telomeres, and other regions of high regulation. Growing evidence links their presence to functionality in various cellular processes, where cellular proteins interact with them, either stabilizing and/or anchoring upon them, or unwinding them to allow a process to proceed. Interest in understanding and manipulating the plethora of processes regulated by these G4Qs has spawned a new area of small-molecule binder development, with attempts to mimic and block the associated G4-binding protein (G4BP). Despite the growing interest and focus on these G4Qs, there is limited data (in particular, high-resolution structural information), on the nature of these G4Q-G4BP interactions and what makes a G4BP selective to certain G4Qs, if in fact they are at all. This review summarizes the current literature on G4BPs with regards to their interactions with G4Qs, providing groupings for binding mode, drawing conclusions around commonalities and highlighting information on specific interactions where available.
Concept Formation and Quantum-like Probability from Nonlocality in Cognition
Authors: Gunji Yukio-Pegio , Haruna Taichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman decision-making is relevant for concept formation and cognitive illusions. Cognitive illusions can be explained by quantum probability, while the reason for introducing quantum mechanics is based on ad hoc bounded rationality (BR). Concept formation can be explained in a set-theoretic way, although such explanations have not been extended to cognitive illusions. We naturally expand the idea of BR to incomplete BR and introduce the key notion of nonlocality in cognition without any attempts on quantum theory. We define incomplete bounded rationality and nonlocality as a binary relation, construct a lattice from the relation by using a rough-set technique, and define probability in concept formation. By using probability defined in concept formation, we describe various cognitive illusions, such as the guppy effect, conjunction fallacy, order effect, and so on. It implies that cognitive illusions can be explained by changes in the probability space relevant to concept formation.
Radical rubrics: implementing the critical and creative thinking general capability through an ecological approach
Authors: Harris Dan , Coleman Kathryn , Cook Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article details how and why we have developed a flexible and responsive process-based rubric exemplar for teaching, learning, and assessing critical and creative thinking. We hope to contribute to global discussions of and efforts toward instrumentalising the challenge of assessing, but not standardising, creativity in compulsory education. Here, we respond to the key ideas of the four interrelated elements in the critical and creative thinking general capability in the Australian Curriculum learning continuum: inquiring; generating ideas, possibilities, actions; reflecting on thinking processes; and analysing, synthesising and evaluating reasoning and procedures. The rubrics, radical because they privilege process over outcome, have been designed to be used alongside the current NAPLAN tests in Years 5, 7 and 9 to build an Australian-based national creativity measure. We do so to argue the need for local and global measures of creativity in education as the first round of testing and results of the PISA Assessment of Creative Thinking approach and to contribute to the recognition of creative thinking (and doing) as a core twenty-first century literacy alongside literacy and numeracy.
Philanthropy, marketing disadvantage and the enterprising public school
Authors: Hogan Anna , Gerrard Jessica , Di Gregorio Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisadvantage in schooling is often constructed as a crisis in need of fixing. Global policy reforms tend to emphasise that solutions for disadvantage often lie beyond the capacity of the state, necessitating private/philanthropic intervention. This paper seeks to contribute to this line of analysis by investigating the rise of philanthropy in Australian public schooling. Our analysis focuses on the intermediary organisation, Schools Plus, which works to connect donors to disadvantaged public schools. Through qualitative content analysis and stakeholder interviews we demonstrate how philanthropy has come to be seen as a solution to the complex problem of disadvantage, or more specifically in this case, the perceived inadequacies of public education provision. The consequence of this, we suggest, is the changing of responsibility for addressing disadvantage from government to individual schools that have been able to establish an entrepreneurial culture to market their disadvantage.
Cover crop legacy impacts on soil water and nitrogen dynamics, and on subsequent crop yields in drylands: a meta-analysis
Authors: Garba Ismail I. , Bell Lindsay W. , Williams Alwyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCover crops can provide a wide range of ecosystem services including soil water conservation, improved soil nutrient supply and retention, and enhanced crop yields. However, achieving these services in dryland cropping systems can be highly challenging, and cover crops may carry a greater risk of causing ecosystem disservices. Assessment of the balance of ecosystem services vs disservices is critical for understanding the potential role of cover crops within dryland cropping systems. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of cover cropping in drylands on soil water and soil mineral nitrogen content at sowing of subsequent cash crops and their yields compared to control fallows. A total of 38 articles were examined, for a total of 1006 cash crop yield, 539 soil water, and 516 soil mineral nitrogen independent studies, spanning the period 1994–2021. On average, cover cropping reduced cash crop yield by 7%, soil water content by 18%, and soil mineral nitrogen by 25%, with significant variation across climates, soil types, and crop management conditions. Subsequent cash crop yields changed by +15, +4, −12, and −11% following cover crops in tropical, continental, dry, and temperate dryland climates, respectively. The most significant yield benefits were proportionate to soil water content and soil mineral nitrogen at the time of cash crop sowing. This is the first meta-analysis to demonstrate that minimum annual precipitation of ~700 mm represents a “break-even” point to realize significant cash crop yield benefits of cover cropping compared to control fallows in dryland environments. The successful incorporation of cover crops into dryland cropping systems requires careful planning based on context-specific biophysical conditions to minimize trade-offs between ecosystem services and disservices.
Semi-empirical correlations for predicting hot gas layer temperature in pre-flashover compartment fires considering fire source location
Authors: Lemmertz Calisa Katiuscia , Helfenstein Rodolfo Prediger , Beshir Mohamed , Rush David , Von Arnswaldt Wolfram Jahn , Centeno Felipe Roman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of numerical experiments have been carried out through a CFD code, namely Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), to analyze the influence of the fire heat source location (transversal, longitudinal and vertical positions) on the hot gas layer temperature (HGLT) in pre-flashover compartment fires. Knowing the HGLT helps engineers to predict the onset of flashover and to design fire safety systems, which give more time for evacuation procedures. Using these numerical data, and based on an energy balance on the upper layer, new semi-empirical correlations were developed to predict the HGLT in pre-flashover compartment fires, as a function of the fire source location, heat release rate, ventilation factor, surface area, effective heat transfer coefficient and ambient thermal properties. As an external validation of the newly developed correlations, their outcomes were tested against several sets of experimental data available in the literature, showing a good agreement. So, it is concluded that these improved correlations are capable to predict the HGLT for different pre-flashover fire scenarios, accounting to the position where the fire started.
Fetal Flat-Facies on Prenatal Ultrasound: Is it Chondrodysplasia Punctata? A Retrospective Chart Review of 62 Fetuses
Authors: Authreya Ashwini J. , Rajgopal Dhruva , Makam Adinarayana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBinder's or flat facies is one of the consistent features of Chondrodysplasia Punctata (CDP). However, it is yet unclear if isolated flat facies is a distinct entity or they represent a milder form of CDP. We aimed to study the prenatal ultrasound features in all fetuses with flat-facies and its association with CDP. We retrospectively reviewed 62 fetuses with flat-facies in the second/ third trimester for the presence of ultrasound (US) features of CDP. Significant maternal medical history, genetic tests and pregnancy outcomes, where available, were retrieved from hospital records. Forty-one cases had isolated flat-facies, 10 had flat-facies with other structural abnormalities, and 11 had all features of CDP. Epiphyseal stippling was found in all cases of CDP, with the proximal femur being the most common site. The karyotype, chromosomal microarray and clinical exome sequencing data, where available, were reported normal. Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus was positive in one CDP case. About one-third of fetuses with isolated flat-facies and nearly half of the CDP cases chose termination. Although isolated flat-facies may appear as a distinct entity, more post-natal follow-up data is required to ascertain if they are milder forms of CDP. Given the varied genetic and non-genetic causes of CDP, we formulated a diagnostic approach in fetal flat-facies to aid prenatal detection and counseling of CDP.
Internal Short Circuit Detection for Parallel-Connected Battery Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Niankai , Song Ziyou , Amini Mohammad Reza , Hofmann Heath 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReliable and timely detection of an internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium-ion batteries is important to ensure safe and efficient operation. This paper investigates ISC detection of parallel-connected battery cells by considering cell non-uniformity and sensor limitation (i.e., no independent current sensors for individual cells in a parallel string). To characterize ISC-related signatures in battery string responses, an electro-thermal model of parallel-connected battery cells is first established that explicitly captures ISC. By analyzing the data generated from the electro-thermal model, the distribution of surface temperature among individual cells within the battery string is identified as an indicator for ISC detection under the constraints of sensor limitations. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is then designed to estimate the ISC resistance by using the cell surface temperature and the total capacity of the string as inputs. Based on the estimated ISC resistance from CNN, the strings are classified as faulty or non-faulty to guide the examination or replacement of the battery. The algorithm is evaluated in the presence of signal noises in terms of accuracy, false alarm rate, and missed detection rate, verifying the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.