bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus and West‐Nile fever virus as causes of serous meningitis of unknown origin in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shin Anna , Tukhanova Nur , Ndenkeh Jackson , Shapiyeva Zhanna , Yegemberdiyeva Ravilya , Yeraliyeva Lyazzat , Nurmakhanov Talgat , Froeschl Guenter , Hoelscher Michael , Musralina Lyazzat , Toktasyn Yerubayev , Gulnara Zhumabaeva , Sansyzbayev Yerlan , Aigul Satayeva , Abdiyeva Karlygash , Turebekov Nurkeldi , Wagner Edith , Peintner Lukas , Essbauer Sandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlaviviruses are a family of viruses that cause many diseases in humans. Their similarity in the antigenic structure causes a cross‐reaction, which complicates the precise diagnostic of disease causing agents. Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the flavivirus family, is the cause of tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE). Worldwide the awareness of this disease is raising, however, in many countries such as the Republic of Kazakhstan (KZ) there is a lack of serological investigation of flaviviruses in humans. In our study, we focused on two TBE endemic regions of KZ (East Kazakhstan Oblast (EKO) and Almaty (AO)) and a region where TBE cases were registered only since 2010 (Akmola Oblast (AkO)). In KZ, up to 400 cases of serous meningitis of unknown origin were registered annually in the period from 2017 to 2019. Our goals were to calculate the prevalence of antibodies against TBEV in patients with suspected meningitis. We collected 179 sera and 130 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients and included a questionnaire with focus on socio‐demographical factors and observed tick bites. The human samples were tested with TBEV and West‐Nile fever virus (WNFV) IgM and IgG ELISA, by immunofluorescence assay using a flavivirus biochip, and TBEV‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR. We found TBEV and WNFV antibodies in 31 samples by serological and molecular techniques. Seven serum samples out of 31 showed TBEV‐specific antibodies, and three serum pairs had WNFV antibodies. Correlating the serological results with the information gained from the questionnaires it becomes apparent that the number of tick bites is a significant factor for a TBEV infection. This result has an impact on diagnostic in KZ and physicians should be aware that both flaviviruses play a role for serous meningitis of unknown origin in KZ.
Episodic fluid flow in an eclogite-facies shear zone: Insights from Li isotope zoning in garnet
Authors: Hoover William F. , Penniston-Dorland Sarah , Baumgartner Lukas , Bouvier Anne-Sophie , Dragovic Besim , Locatelli Michele , Angiboust Samuel , Agard Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Episodic fluid overpressure and escape is invoked as a cause or consequence of many subduction-zone seismic phenomena but can be challenging to constrain in exhumed high-pressure metamorphic rocks. In situ measurements of lithium isotopes in garnet reveal evidence of episodic fluid transport in a subduction shear zone now exposed in the Monviso ophiolite (Western Alps). Garnet from an eclogite block and associated metasomatic reaction rind was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). All analyzed garnet preserves core-rim zoning in δ7Li and large negative δ7Li excursions (NEs) in mantles. These excursions cannot be explained by instrumental mass fractionation during analysis, equilibrium fractionation, or intracrystalline diffusion of Li within garnet. Instead, NEs were produced by kinetic fractionation of Li isotopes during bulk diffusion through a pore fluid, and the fractionated isotopic compositions were incorporated into garnet by syn-diffusion growth. Disequilibrium garnet growth textures associated with negative δ7Li support this interpretation and suggest metasomatism drove rapid garnet growth. Four distinct NEs were identified requiring that at least four pulses of fluid were transported within the adjacent shear zone. This evidence of episodic fluid transport along a subduction shear zone at eclogite facies supports models of intermediate-depth seismicity that rely on cyclic fluid overpressure and escape.
Deformation and metasomatism recorded by single-grain apatite petrochronology
Authors: Odlum Margaret L. , Levy Drew A. , Stockli Daniel F. , Stockli Lisa D. , DesOrmeau Joel W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The timing and processes of ductile deformation and metasomatism can be documented using apatite petrochronology. We integrated microstructural, U-Pb, and geochemical analyses of apatite grains from an exhumed mylonitic shear zone in the St. Barthélémy Massif, Pyrenees, France, to understand how deformation and metasomatism are recorded by U-Pb dates and geochemical patterns. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses documents crystal plastic deformation characterized by low-angle boundaries (&lt;5°) associated with dislocation creep and evidence of multiple slip systems. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb maps indicate that dates in deformed grains reflect, and are governed by, low-angle dislocation boundaries. Apatite rare earth element (REE) and U-Pb behavior is decoupled in high-grade gneiss samples, suggesting REEs record higher-temperature processes than U-Pb isotopic systems. Apatite from (ultra)mylonitic portions of the shear zone showed evidence of metasomatism, and the youngest dates constrain the age of metasomatism. Collectively, these results demonstrate that crystal plastic microstructures and fluid interactions can markedly change apatite isotopic signatures, making single-grain apatite petrochronology a powerful tool for dating and characterizing the latest major deformation and/or fluid events, which are often not captured by higher-temperature chronometers.
Groundwater age persistence in topography-driven groundwater flow over paleohydrogeologic time scales
Authors: Xie Yueqing , Love Andrew J. , Simmons Craig T. , Costar Adrian , Wu Jichun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Pleistocene-Holocene climate transition resulted in a dramatic reduction in groundwater recharge in many aquifers in arid and semiarid regions throughout the world. This study conducted numerical experiments to compare the evolution of groundwater hydraulics and age patterns in arid and semiarid aquifers in response to transient conditions associated with recharge decline from the Pleistocene to the Holocene. Our results show that after a rapid reduction in recharge, the amplitude of water-table undulations and regional groundwater slope both reduced. This resulted in a general, and relatively rapid, contraction of local flow systems and an increase in the extent of intermediate and regional systems. The previous hierarchy of local, intermediate, and regional flow systems was completely replaced by largely horizontal and regional flow patterns after ~10,000 yr. However, in stark contrast, we observed that the original Pleistocene age patterns have remained almost unchanged throughout the 10,000 yr Holocene period. Thus, groundwater age is more likely to be indicative of past rather than current flow systems. Consequently, due to this age persistence, the use of modern groundwater age data to calibrate models or compute recharge with methods that do not account for this potentially significant spatial and temporal mismatch between age and hydraulics will be misleading and erroneous. This has significant implications for hydrogeologic analyses. The findings of this study may also apply to areas that have undergone dramatic changes in land cover or land use that strongly influence transient groundwater recharge processes.
Nanoscale isotopic evidence resolves origins of giant Carlin-type ore deposits
Authors: Holley E.A. , Fulton A. , Jilly-Rehak C. , Johnson C. , Pribil M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The western North American Great Basin's Carlin-type deposits represent the largest accumulation of gold in the Northern Hemisphere. The controversy over their origins echoes the debate between Neptunists and Plutonists at the birth of modern geology: were the causative processes meteoric or magmatic? Sulfur isotopes have long been considered key to decoding metal cycling in the Earth's crust, but previous studies of Carlin-type pyrite lacked the spatial resolution to quantify differences among the numerous generations of sulfide mineralization. We developed a new dual-method, nanoscale approach to examine the fine-grained ore pyrite. The δ34S of the ore pyrite varies systematically with Au concentration at the nanoscale, indicating that both magmatic and meteoric fluids contributed during mineralization, but the magmas brought the gold. Repeated oscillations in fluid ratios upgraded the metal content, resulting in high gold endowment. Our results demonstrate that high-spatial-resolution studies are key to elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution of complex hydrothermal systems.
Reconstructing source-to-sink systems from detrital zircon core and rim ages
Authors: Liu Li , Stockli Daniel F. , Lawton Timothy F. , Xu Jie , Stockli Lisa D. , Fan Majie , Nadon Gregory C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grenville-age (1.3–0.9 Ga) zircons represent one of the most ubiquitous detrital zircon (DZ) age modes on Earth. In North America, given the widespread occurrence of Grenville basement, Grenville DZs are commonly viewed as nondiagnostic with regard to source region in provenance studies. Systematic recovery of DZ core-rim U-Pb ages makes it possible to identify and differentiate previously indistinguishable basement source terranes by leveraging their multistage tectono-magmatic evolution. Our analysis demonstrates that Grenville DZs exhibit distinct rim ages in different parts of the North American Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita-Marathon foreland. Whereas Grenville DZ grains in the eastern foreland, sourced from the southern Appalachian orogen in the eastern United States, exhibit Taconian and Acadian (490–350 Ma) rims, grains in the western foreland, derived from Mexico, mainly show Neoproterozoic (750–500 Ma) rim ages. This difference permits differentiation of nondiagnostic core ages by their distinctive rim ages. Furthermore, core-rim paired ages can illuminate potential genetic relationships among coexisting age components in DZ spectra, thereby indicating whether the DZs are derived from separate sources or from a single source with multistage tectono-magmatic histories. Thus, DZ rim-core ages can provide critical insights into reconstructing global source-to-sink systems and elucidating genetic linkages within multistage orogenic systems.
Revealing early life history of brown trout in an impaired watershed through otolith geochemistry
Authors: Cook Nathan A. , Bourret Samuel L. 
Published: March 2022

Early life history data are critical for conservation and management of trout species in freshwater river networks and are imperative for planning habitat restoration in degraded watersheds. In this study, we use otolith geochemical signatures to assign natal provenance and determine age of tributary outmigration for fluvial brown trout ( Salmo trutta) in the Upper Clark Fork River watershed, a large impaired river network. Distinct spatial variations in chemical markers allowed for accurate assignment of fish to their stream of origin and often to specific natal sites. All 10 natal tributaries investigated in this study contributed brown trout to the mainstem and most fish migrated from tributaries to the mainstem during age 1. Mainstem natal habitats, previously thought to be limited by pollution, contributed 29% of the total natal production. Our results indicate that trout in the Upper Clark Fork River use spawning and rearing habitats that are spread throughout the basin. Thus, restoration strategies should focus on maintaining and enhancing a broad variety of habitats and life histories to be successful.
Effective potentials and orbits in Weyl slender disk
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J. S. , Kalb Mônica C. , Coimbra-Araújo Carlos H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy using geodesic equations to obtain a gravitational potential generated from an initially point-like source, we end up in the concept of a nearly Newtonian gravity to analyse effective potentials of quasi-circular orbits. By means of an approximate solution from an axially static and symmetric Weyl metric, we provide a numerical study on effective gravitational potential to investigate the character of motion in the meridional plane of an axially symmetric galaxy model obtaining periodic regular box orbits. Moreover, as a test for a toy model and using as initial condition a Plummer sphere, some initial prospects on star N-body simulation of cluster disruption were obtained for clusters with mass about $$3\times 10^4\;M_{\odot }$$

3
×

10
4

M
⊙

. In the studied cases, our results suggest that such disruptions are caused mostly by their gravitational processes than baryonic content in accordance with $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM bottom-up hierarchy.
The Relationship between Ultrasonographic Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Severity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Expression of PTEN and Tg737
Authors: Tang Lei , Zhang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Hong Qiaojun , Wang Zhanggui 
Published: March 2022

To investigate the relationship between the ultrasonographic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the severity of HCC and the expression of tumor suppressor genes PTEN and Tg737, 90 patients with primary liver cancer are selected as the study subjects. The enhancement of liver tumor in arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase is observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before operation, and the echo intensity is compared with that of surrounding liver parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry is used to detect the expression of PTEN and Tg737 in hepatocellular carcinoma and paracancerous tissues. (1) In HCC, CEUS enhancement is characterized by rapid enhancement in arterial phase, enhancement in portal venous phase and delayed phase, and decreased hypoechoic changes. About 78.0% of the stage I-II liver cancer and 85.0% of the stage III-IV liver cancer show rapid enhancement and high echo in the arterial phase; only 8.0% of the stage I-II liver cancer shows moderate echo changes in the portal venous phase, while 32.5% (13/40) stage III-IV liver cancer shows moderate echo changes in the portal venous phase. (2) The positive rates of PTEN in liver cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues are 21.1% (19/90) and 70.0% (63/90), respectively, and the difference is statistically significant. The positive rates of Tg737 in liver cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues are 17.8% (16/90) and 75.6% (68/90), respectively, and the difference is statistically significant. Compared with PTEN and Tg737 negative groups, the ascending slope (RS) and initial elimination time (WT) of PTEN and Tg737 positive groups are significantly higher, indicating that the inflow velocity of contrast medium in the positive group is higher, the outflow time is shorter, and the lesions shows low enhancement rapidly. However, the expression of PTEN and Tg737 had no significant difference in maximal intensity (IMAX), peak time (TTP), and mean transit time (mTT). (3) Correlation analysis shows that the immunohistochemical scores of PTEN and Tg737 are not significantly correlated with IMAX, mTT, and TTP but positively correlated with RS (r = 0.359,

P

< 0.05), suggesting that the positive expressions of PTEN and Tg737 are negatively correlated with the inflow velocity of contrast medium. The immunohistochemical scores of PTEN and Tg737 are negatively correlated with WT, which indicated that the higher the expression intensity of PTEN is, the longer the outflow time of contrast medium is and the slower the outflow of contrast medium is. There is a significant correlation between the expression of PTEN and Tg737 proteins and CEUS parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Plaque Evaluation by Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Reveals BCLAF1 as a Regulator of Smooth Muscle Cell Lipid Transdifferentiation in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rykaczewska Urszula , Zhao Quanyi , Saliba-Gustafsson Peter , Lengquist Mariette , Kronqvist Malin , Bergman Otto , Huang Zhiqiang , Lund Kent , Waden Katarina , Pons Vila Zara , Caidahl Kenneth , Skogsberg Josefin , Vukojevic Vladana , Lindeman Jan H.N. , Roy Joy , Hansson Göran K. , Treuter Eckardt , Leeper Nicholas J. , Eriksson Per , Ehrenborg Ewa , Razuvaev Anton , Hedin Ulf , Matic Ljubica 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Understanding the processes behind carotid plaque instability is necessary to develop methods for identification of patients and lesions with stroke risk. Here, we investigated molecular signatures in human plaques stratified by echogenicity as assessed by duplex ultrasound.

Methods:
Lesion echogenicity was correlated to microarray gene expression profiles from carotid endarterectomies (n=96). The findings were extended into studies of human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions in situ, followed by functional investigations in vitro in human carotid smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Results:

Pathway analyses highlighted muscle differentiation, iron homeostasis, calcification, matrix organization, cell survival balance, and
BCLAF1
(BCL2 [B-cell lymphoma 2]-associated transcription factor 1) as the most significant signatures.
BCLAF1
was downregulated in echolucent plaques, positively correlated to proliferation and negatively to apoptosis. By immunohistochemistry, BCLAF1 was found in normal medial SMCs. It was repressed early during atherogenesis but reappeared in CD68+ cells in advanced plaques and interacted with BCL2 by proximity ligation assay. In cultured SMCs,
BCLAF1
was induced by differentiation factors and mitogens and suppressed by macrophage-conditioned medium.
BCLAF1
silencing led to downregulation of BCL2 and SMC markers, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Transdifferentiation of SMCs by oxLDL (oxidized low-denisty lipoprotein) was accompanied by upregulation of BCLAF1, CD36, and CD68, while oxLDL exposure with
BCLAF1
silencing preserved MYH (myosin heavy chain) 11 expression and prevented transdifferentiation.
BCLAF1
was associated with expression of cell differentiation, contractility, viability, and inflammatory genes, as well as the scavenger receptors
CD36
and
CD68
. BCLAF1 expression in CD68+/BCL2+ cells of SMC origin was verified in plaques from MYH11 lineage-tracing atherosclerotic mice. Moreover,
BCLAF1
downregulation associated with vulnerability parameters and cardiovascular risk in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

Plaque echogenicity correlated with enrichment of distinct molecular pathways and identified
BCLAF1
, previously not described in atherosclerosis, as the most significant gene. Functionally, BCLAF1 seems necessary for survival and transdifferentiation of SMCs into a macrophage-like phenotype. The role of BCLAF1 in plaque vulnerability should be further evaluated.
Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 as a Predictor for Fosinopril Therapeutic Efficacy in Pediatric Primary Hypertension
Authors: Lin Yao , Cui Yaxi , Yuan Yue , Gao Lu , Li Qirui , Huang Xiaolan , Liu Yanyan , Shi Lin 
Published: March 2022

Background
Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been reported to be a predictive biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure. Higher plasma FGF23 levels have been shown in pediatric primary hypertension, but the predictive value of FGF23 for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors’ effectiveness in pediatric primary hypertension has not been documented.

Methods and Results

This is a prospective study. An exploratory study with 139 patients was first conducted to determine the cutoff value of FGF23 for the prediction of treatment responsiveness. After receiving fosinopril for 4 weeks, of all 139 patients, 91 responded, while 48 did not respond to the treatment, and the responders had a significantly higher baseline plasma FGF23 level than nonresponders (
P
<0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant impact of baseline plasma FGF23 levels on fosinopril responsiveness (
P
<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the plasma FGF23 predicted the effectiveness of fosinopril treatment with an area under the curve of 0.784 (95% CI, 0.704–0.863) for a sensitivity and a specificity of 67.0% and 89.6%, respectively, for a cutoff value of 62.08 RU/mL. Subsequently, another group of 40 patients were recruited for validation. The blood pressure control rate in those (n=22) with baseline plasma FGF23 >62.08 RU/mL was significantly higher than that in children (n=18) with FGF23 ≤62.08 RU/mL (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Plasma FGF23 might be a valuable biomarker to guide fosinopril therapy for primary hypertension in children.
ChGn‐2 Plays a Cardioprotective Role in Heart Failure Caused by Acute Pressure Overload
Authors: Haryono Andreas , Ikeda Koji , Nugroho Dhite Bayu , Ogata Takehiro , Tsuji Yumika , Matoba Satoaki , Moriwaki Kensuke , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Igarashi Michihiro , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Emoto Noriaki 
Published: March 2022

Background
Cardiac extracellular matrix is critically involved in cardiac homeostasis, and accumulation of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS‐GAGs) was previously shown to exacerbate heart failure by augmenting inflammation and fibrosis at the chronic phase. However, the mechanism by which CS‐GAGs affect cardiac functions remains unclear, especially at the acute phase.

Methods and Results

We explored a role of CS‐GAG in heart failure using mice with target deletion of ChGn‐2 (chondroitin sulfate N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐2) that elongates CS chains of glycosaminoglycans. Heart failure was induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice. The role of CS‐GAG derived from cardiac fibroblasts in cardiomyocyte death was analyzed. Cardiac fibroblasts were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch that mimics increased workload in the heart. Significant CS‐GAGs accumulation was detected in the heart of wild‐type mice after transverse aortic constriction, which was substantially reduced in ChGn‐2
‐/‐
mice. Loss of ChGn‐2 deteriorated the cardiac dysfunction caused by pressure overload, accompanied by augmented cardiac hypertrophy and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cyclic mechanical stretch increased ChGn‐2 expression and enhanced glycosaminoglycan production in cardiac fibroblasts. Conditioned medium derived from the stretched cardiac fibroblasts showed cardioprotective effects, which was abolished by CS‐GAGs degradation. We found that CS‐GAGs elicits cardioprotective effects via dual pathway; direct pathway through interaction with CD44, and indirect pathway through binding to and activating insulin‐like growth factor‐1.

Conclusions
Our data revealed the cardioprotective effects of CS‐GAGs; therefore, CS‐GAGs may play biphasic role in the development of heart failure; cardioprotective role at acute phase despite its possible unfavorable role in the advanced phase.