bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does machine‐vision‐assisted dynamic navigation improve the accuracy of digitally planned prosthetically guided immediate implant placement? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Shi‐Min , Li Yuan , Deng Ke , Lai Hong‐Chang , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Shi Jun‐Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the accuracy of machine‐vision (MV)‐based dynamic navigation (DN)‐assisted immediate implant placement with the conventional freehand technique.Material and methodsA total of 24 subjects requiring immediate implant placement in maxillary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to either the control (freehand by an experienced surgeon, n = 12) or the test group (MV‐DN, n = 12). Implant platform, implant apex, angular, and depth deviations with respect to prosthetically guided digital planning and differences in implant insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were compared between the groups.ResultsMV‐DN resulted in more accurate immediate implant position: significantly smaller global platform deviation (1.01 ± 0.41 mm vs. 1.51 ± 0.67 mm, p = .038), platform depth deviation (0.44 ± 0.46 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.68 mm, p = .045), global apex deviation (0.88 ± 0.43 mm vs. 1.94 ± 0.86 mm, p = .001), and lateral apex deviation (0.68 ± 0.30 mm vs. 1.61 ± 0.88 mm, p = .004) were found in MV‐DN compared to controls. No significant intergroup differences were observed for ITV and ISQ.ConclusionsMV‐DN achieved more precise immediate implant position and comparable primary stability. Further trials are necessary to assess the benefits in terms of esthetics and tissue health/stability.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
Authors: Kong Hao , Xu Long‐Ming , Wang Dong‐Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities detected during the perioperative periods, including preexisting cognitive impairment, preoperative delirium, delirium occurring up to 7 days after surgery, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative NCD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5th edition (DSM‐5) is the golden standard for diagnosing perioperative NCDs. Given the impracticality of using the DSM‐5 by non‐psychiatric practitioners, many diagnostic tools have been developed and validated for different clinical scenarios. The etiology of perioperative NCDs is multifactorial and includes predisposing and precipitating factors. Identifying these risk factors is conducive to preoperative risk stratification and perioperative risk reduction. Prevention for perioperative NCDs should include avoiding possible contributors and implementing nonpharmacologic and pharmacological interventions. The former generally includes avoiding benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, prolonged liquid fasting, deep anesthesia, cerebral oxygen desaturation, and intraoperative hypothermia. Nonpharmacologic measures include preoperative cognitive prehabilitation, comprehensive geriatric assessment, implementing fast‐track surgery, combined use of regional block, and sleep promotion. Pharmacological measures including dexmedetomidine, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen are found to have beneficial effects. Nonpharmacological treatments are the first‐line measures for established perioperative NCDs. Pharmacological treatments are still limited to severely agitated or distressed patients.
Recognizing culturally significant species and Indigenous‐led management is key to meeting international biodiversity obligations
Authors: Goolmeer Teagan , Skroblin Anja , Grant Chrissy , van Leeuwen Stephen , Archer Ricky , Gore‐Birch Cissy , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasingly the importance of Indigenous participation is acknowledged as central to effective biodiversity conservation. Traditional management emphasizes the importance of a holistic, integrated approach to safeguard species and ecological communities of cultural significance. This is discordant with many instruments for biodiversity conservation. Indigenous Australians have consistently lobbied for domestic laws to be amended to establish comanagement as the preferred approach to managing significant species and ecological communities – an approach that aligns with international obligations such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We describe amendments to Australia's biodiversity legislation and the use of biocultural indicators that would support Traditional management of Culturally Significant Entities (species and ecological communities), and in turn, assist Australia to effectively conserve biodiversity and meet international obligations. The ongoing challenge will be in empowering Indigenous peoples and their governance structures to implement enduring change.
Effects of experimental host‐plant switching on the life cycle of a fern spore‐feeding micromoth of the genus Stathmopoda
Authors: Fuentes‐Jacques Luis Javier , Hanson‐Snortum Paul , Mehltreter Klaus , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Hernández‐Ortiz Vicente 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFern‐feeding insects have not received much attention because ferns have been considered herbivore‐resistant plants. However, ferns are attacked by herbivorous insects, including specialized spore feeders. For a better understanding of host specialization, we investigated the effect of experimentally transferred larvae of a spore‐feeding moth, Stathmopoda sp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae), from its original fern host Amauropelta linkiana (C. Presl) Pic. Serm., to three closely related species [Amauropelta rudis (Kunze) Pic. Serm, Amauropelta oligocarpa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pic. Serm., and Amauropelta resinifera (Desv.) Pic. Serm.], and one alien fern species, Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching (all Thelypteridaceae). After experimental host‐plant transfer, we measured spore consumption of the larvae, and the survival and duration of each developmental stage. Once larvae were transferred to alternative hosts, they were still able to complete their life cycle, but consumed more spores, required more time to reach the adult stage, and had lower survival rates than on their original host, or even skipped the fifth instar on alternative hosts. Thus, our results suggested a strong adaptation of this moth species on its original host plant. We discuss some traits of experimental hosts, as the spores may contain fewer nutrients, or higher concentrations of toxic agents for larval development, thus restricting successful host‐plant switching. Further studies to measure the frequency and successful colonization of alternative hosts in nature are needed, by assessing variation in the chemical composition of spores between original and alternative hosts.
Does prior use of antiplatelet therapy modify the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in transient ischaemic attack/minor ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clarke Aoibhin , Reddin Catriona , Murphy Robert , O'Donnell Martin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose was to determine whether prior use of antiplatelet therapy modifies the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed comparing dual antiplatelet therapy to aspirin that reported subgroup analysis by prior antiplatelet use, adhering to the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. A fixed‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate a pooled treatment effect overall in subgroups with prior aspirin therapy and without prior aspirin therapy. Difference in treatment effect was assessed by testing p for interaction. The primary outcome measure was recurrent vascular events.ResultsThree eligible randomized controlled trials were identified, including 4831 participants with pre‐existing antiplatelet use and 16,236 participants without pre‐existing aspirin use. Recurrent vascular events occurred in 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–10) of those without pre‐existing aspirin use versus 7.3% (95% CI 4.1–10) of those receiving prior aspirin therapy. Effect of dual antiplatelet therapy on the primary outcome measure was consistent in participants with no prior aspirin use (odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.84) compared to those taking aspirin before randomization (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.998) (p interaction = 0.66). The number needed to treat in the aspirin‐naïve group was 55 (95% CI 37‐107) compared to 66 (95% CI 32 to –746) in those on prior aspirin therapy.ConclusionsIt was found that the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack does not significantly differ in patients with prior aspirin exposure; therefore there should be no influence on the decision to use dual antiplatelet therapy.
Seizures and epilepsy in multiple sclerosis, aquaporin 4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Li Er‐Chuang , Zheng Yang , Cai Meng‐Ting , Lai Qi‐Lun , Fang Gao‐Li , Du Bing‐Qing , Shen Chun‐Hong , Zhang Yin‐Xi , Wu Long‐Jun , Ding Mei‐Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeizure is one of the manifestations of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases, which mainly include multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin 4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4‐NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD). Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to MS/AQP4‐NMOSD/MOGAD occur in the acute phase of the diseases, and are more frequent in MOGAD. In contrast, recurrent nonprovoked seizures, mainly attributed to autoimmune‐associated epilepsy, occur in the nonacute phase of the diseases. Seizures in MS/AQP4‐NMOSD/MOGAD mostly have a focal onset. MS patients with concomitant systemic infections, earlier onset, and greater disease activity are more likely to have seizures, whereas factors such as greater MS severity, the presence of status epilepticus, and cortical damage indicate a greater risk of developing epilepsy. In MOGAD, cerebral cortical encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)‐like phenotypes (predominately ADEM and multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis) indicate a greater seizure risk. Multiple relapses with ADEM‐like phenotypes predict epilepsy in pediatrics with MOGAD. Pathophysiologically, acute symptomatic seizures in MS are associated with neuronal hyperexcitability secondary to inflammation and demyelination. Chronic epilepsy in MS is largely due to gliosis, neuronal dysfunction, and synaptic abnormalities. The mainstay of treatment for seizures secondary to MS/AQP4‐NMOSD/MOGAD consists of immunotherapy along with antiseizure medications. This critical review discusses the most‐updated evidence on epidemiology, clinical correlates, and inflammatory mechanisms underlying seizures and epilepsy in MS/AQP4‐NMOSD/MOGAD. Treatment cautions including drug‐drug interactions and the impact of treatments on the diseases are outlined. We also highlight pitfalls and challenges in managing such patients and future research perspectives to address unsolved questions.
Idiosyncratic risk and debt maturity dispersion
Authors: Chu Pyung Kun , Kjenstad Einar C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the relation between idiosyncratic asset risk and debt maturity dispersion. Idiosyncratic asset volatility represents significant risk, which can impede the ability to obtain or maintain external debt financing necessary for business operations, and is difficult to control given its unpredictable nature. We find that this risk is managed through the maturity structure of debt: firms with higher idiosyncratic asset volatility also have more dispersed maturity structures. Consistent with active management of rollover risk, this relation is weaker for younger firms and stronger for firms without significant credit lines.
Structural basis for the inhibition of human angiotensin‐1 converting enzyme by fosinoprilat
Authors: Cozier Gyles E. , Newby Emma C. , Schwager Sylva L. U. , Isaac R. Elwyn , Sturrock Edward D. , Acharya K. Ravi 
Published: June 2022

Human angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) has two isoforms, somatic ACE (sACE) and testis ACE (tACE). The functions of sACE are widespread, with its involvement in blood pressure regulation most extensively studied. sACE is composed of an N‐domain (nACE) and a C‐domain (cACE), both catalytically active but have significant structural differences, resulting in different substrate specificities. Even though ACE inhibitors are used clinically, they need much improvement because of serious side effects seen in patients (~ 25–30%) with long‐term treatment due to nonselective inhibition of nACE and cACE. Investigation into the distinguishing structural features of each domain is therefore of vital importance for the development of domain‐specific inhibitors with minimal side effects. Here, we report kinetic data and high‐resolution crystal structures of both nACE (1.75 Å) and cACE (1.85 Å) in complex with fosinoprilat, a clinically used inhibitor. These structures allowed detailed analysis of the molecular features conferring domain selectivity by fosinoprilat. Particularly, altered hydrophobic interactions were observed to be a contributing factor. These experimental data contribute to improved understanding of the structural features that dictate ACE inhibitor domain selectivity, allowing further progress towards designing novel 2nd‐generation domain‐specific potent ACE inhibitors suitable for clinical administration, with a variety of potential future therapeutic benefits.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for nACE‐fosinoprilat and cACE‐fosinoprilat structures have been deposited with codes 7Z6Z and 7Z70, respectively, in the RCSB Protein Data Bank, www.pdb.org.
Population genetic dynamics during colonisation and establishment of an obligate parthenogenetic Daphnia pulex population in a small lake of a continental archipelago
Authors: Otake Yurie , Innan Hideki , Ohtsuki Hajime , Urabe Jotaro , Yamada Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Population genetic diversity and structure are known to influence successful colonisation and establishment of a population in a novel habitat. However, our understanding of actual population genetic changes in the early stage of colonisation and detailed time‐series of genetic changes during the establishment of a new population is still limited due to the difficulty of making long‐term direct observations of a colonising population.

Using a paleolimnological approach, we revealed the long‐term genetic dynamics of an obligate parthenogenetic panarctic Daphnia pulex population during the early stage of colonisation and subsequent establishment in Lake Fukami‐ike of Nagano, Japan. We collected diapausing eggs in ephippia of D. pulex from layers of sediment core samples (c. 370 cm long; dated 1662–2017) and then the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced using the markers designed for the NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5) gene and the control region.

Daphnia pulex colonised and established a population in the early 2000s. Population genetic analysis showed that one colonising haplotype predominated in the population throughout the study period. Genetic diversity was consistently limited and there was no recovery of genetic diversity after colonisation. Clearly limited genetic diversity did not hamper population growth, possibly because phenotypic plasticity was used to cope with changes in predation pressure. Analysis using multivariate auto‐regressive models showed that responses to environmental and ecological factors varied depending on the haplotype, which may have contributed to successful colonisation of the lake by the different haplotypes.

The present results suggest that an obligate parthenogenetic population can establish in a new habitat and be maintained for generations even though it has limited genetic diversity. We found that two independent lineages (JPN1 and JPN2) successfully established and coexisted toward the end of the study period. Although limited genetic diversity did not impede colonisation success, how the later colonising JPN1 lineage has successfully invaded a population consisting solely of the early colonising JPN2 deserves future attention to understand the population genetic dynamics revealed in this study.
Patient‐derived assessment tool using musculoskeletal ultrasound for validation of haemarthrosis
Authors: Gopal Srila , Barnes Richard F. W. , Volland Lena M. , Page David , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia patients experience painful joint episodes which may or may not be associated with haemarthrosis. We sought to validate a questionnaire developed by the Canadian Haemophilia Society using point‐of‐care musculoskeletal ultrasound (POC MSKUS) to confirm haemarthrosis.MethodsThe questionnaire comprised of 20 questions (10 each associated with haemarthrosis and arthritis pain) and was administered to adult haemophilia patients reporting to the Haemophilia Treatment Centre (University of California San Diego). We confirmed the presence (or absence) of haemarthrosis using POC MSKUS [Joint Activity and Damage Exam (JADE)]. We fitted univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations to identify symptoms associated with haemarthrosis.ResultsWe evaluated 79 painful episodes in 32 patients [median age = 38 years (range 21–74)]. POC MSKUS detected haemarthrosis in 36 (46%) episodes. The strongest predictor for haemarthrosis pain was ‘like a balloon swelling with water’ (odds ratio [OR] 2.88 [CI .68;12.10]); ‘no feeling of sponginess with movement’ (OR .24[CI .07;.76]) was the strongest for arthritic pain. We identified four questions with the strongest OR for differentiating haemarthrosis pain from arthritic pain to develop an algorithm for haemarthrosis prediction. Answering these questions in “yes/no” fashion yielded estimates of the probability of haemarthrosisConclusionObjective diagnosis of haemarthrosis by MSKUS facilitated the development of a symptom‐based prediction tool for diagnosis of haemarthrosis. The tool requires further validation and will be particularly helpful in situations where MSKUS is not readily available.
Octopamine terminates sex pheromone biosynthesis by suppressing PBAN signal in moths
Authors: Yang Yue , Ma Xingyu , Zhang Long , Zhao Wenli , Liu Xiaoguang , Li Xiang , Du Mengfang , An Shiheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biosynthesis and termination of insect sex pheromones should be accurately regulated. In most moths, the biosynthesis and release of sex pheromones are regulated by a class of neuropeptides known as pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptides (PBANs). However, endogenous mechanisms underlying the termination of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths remain elusive. In the present study, Helicoverpa armigera was employed as a model to investigate the role of octopamine (OA) in the inhibition of sex pheromone biosynthesis. Results demonstrated that the release of sex pheromones decreased with an increase in OA titres in older female moths. Moreover, OA treatment led to a significant decrease in sex pheromone production, female capability to attract male counterparts and subsequent female acceptance, indicating its inhibitory role in sex pheromone release. Subsequent qPCR and RNAi analyses revealed that OctβR was a key receptor of OA that regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis. In addition, the OA/OctβR signal suppressed intracellular Ca2+ levels and attenuated PBAN‐mediated increase in the enzyme activities of calcineurin and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase as demonstrated by OA treatment and OctβR‐RNAi. Altogether, these results revealed a mechanism underlying the inhibition of sex pheromone production by OA via suppression of PBAN signalling in moths.
The attitudes of healthcare professionals in Turkey toward the coronavirus vaccine
Authors: Azizoğlu Fatma , Terzi Banu , Topçu Tarakçi Nesrin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo identify healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward the coronavirus vaccine.BackgroundControlling the coronavirus pandemic depends on achieving a high level of herd immunity. Accordingly, it is very important that healthcare professionals become role models by displaying positive attitudes toward vaccination.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 with a total of 309 healthcare professionals. Data were collected via an online surveys using an “Introductory Information Form” and “Attitudes Towards the COVID‐19 Vaccine Scale.” One‐way variance analysis and Bonferroni correction were used for the comparison of nonnormally distributed quantitative variables between more than two groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni test were used to compare non‐normally distributed quantitative variables between more than two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between the quantitative variables.ResultsRegarding the healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine, the average score of positive attitudes was 3.52 ± 0.87, and the average score of negative attitudes was 3.39 ± 0.68. A statistically significant weak relationship was found between the ages of the participants and the average score of their positive attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine. The negative attitude score of the individuals who wanted to get the coronavirus vaccine was significantly higher than those who were undecided or did not want to get the vaccine.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals completely agreed with the opinion “I would persuade everyone around me to get the coronavirus vaccine,” and completely disagreed with the opinion “I believe that they will inject microchips to people with the coronavirus vaccine.” Healthcare professionals have positive attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine. COVID‐19–vaccinated participants’ positive and negative attitude scores were found higher than those who were not vaccinated.Implications for nursing and health policySupportive social activities should be organized in the public sense so that healthcare professionals act as a role model by displaying positive attitudes toward vaccination.