bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A descriptive analysis of emergency medicine residency scholarly tracks faculty workforce
Authors: Mariorenzi Amy , Beaulieu Allison , Lotterman Seth , Karalius Vytas , Awad Emad , Chung Arlene , Jordan Jaime 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundScholarly tracks typically consist of longitudinal subspecialty‐specific curricula and mentorship for residents. Roughly one in five emergency medicine (EM) residency programs offer scholarly tracks, allowing residents to explore a niche and develop skills to prepare them for their future careers. There is limited information on the faculty workforce that leads scholarly tracks. Our objective was to understand the workforce characteristics of EM track leaders, specifically their effort and compensation.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional survey study of EM scholarly track leaders who were identified by reviewing program websites and directly contacting program coordinators. Participants completed an electronic survey consisting of multiple‐choice and completion items. We calculated descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 112 of 276 (40%) track leaders who completed the survey, including 63 (57.3%) males and 47 (42.7%) females. The mean (±SD) age was 42.6 (±7.5) years. A majority (62.5%) had completed fellowship. Participants supervise a mean of 2.6 residents per year and spend a median (range) of 7.6 (4–10.7) hours per month on track activities. A total of 57.1% of participants received no compensation for their role. Nonmonetary benefits included career satisfaction (87.6%), intellectual stimulation (76.4%), departmental recognition (41.6%), and increased scholarly productivity (33.7%). Overall, 71.7% of faculty track leaders would recommend the role to a colleague.ConclusionsThis study characterizes the current EM scholarly track leader workforce in terms of demographics, activities, time and effort, and compensation. It sheds light on this key educational role and on the opportunity to provide better support to faculty track leaders. These results may inform decision making of current and would‐be scholarly track leaders as well as institutional leadership.
Self‐Reported Pesticide Application, Access to Pesticide Labels, and QR Code Use Among Agricultural H‐2A Workers, North Carolina, 2024
Authors: Asuaje Cesar , Lee Joseph G. L. , Nusrat Nowrin , Andres Lilibeth , Rivera Natalie D. , Connaughton‐Espino Tania , Janampa Paul , LePrevost Catherine E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite the composition of the United States' agricultural workforce and the sector's reliance on Spanish‐speaking migrant labor, pesticide labels are largely available in English only. Currently, federal regulators are considering strategies to provide pesticide label information access in Spanish via a QR code or through other electronic methods on the pesticide container. Data on access to labels and the use of QR codes among agricultural workers are limited. We provide policy‐relevant findings from surveys collected at a large agricultural worker H‐2A visa arrival hub.MethodsIn April and May 2024, we verbally administered Spanish‐language, in‐person surveys in North Carolina (n = 160). We asked questions about pesticide use, access to labels, and QR code use as well as age, gender, and seasons worked in the United States.ResultsDescriptive analyses revealed approximately 60% of workers had not used a QR code. Among participants who had used pesticides and worked for two or more seasons (42%), approximately 30% reported not having access to the label on the container.ConclusionThe survey findings show QR‐code‐based pesticide labels will reach a subset of workers, but substantial gaps will remain.
Characterization of Stone Tool Use in Wild Groups of Critically Endangered Yellow‐Breasted Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus xanthosternos)
Authors: Mainette Rayssa Durães , Lynch Jessica W. , Izar Patrícia , Canale Gustavo , Martins Waldney Pereira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesA hallmark of hominin evolution is the advent and diversification of stone tool use, and biological anthropologists have a particular interest in characterizing tool use behaviors in different hominin species. Robust capuchins, the genus Sapajus, are an excellent convergent model system for understanding tool use evolution, principally in the context of foraging, in terms of how they use stones to process hard fruits. However, most published studies of capuchin tool use in the wild focus on the species Sapajus libidinosus. In order to strengthen comparative analyses, it is important to do research across robust capuchin species to understand tool use capacities and variation across the genus. The first indirect evidence that reported tool use in wild S. xanthosternos was in 2009, but since that time no additional publications have described this behavior for this species. In this study we provide the first complete characterization of tool use in wild S. xanthosternos for two areas within Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: Santa Rosa de Lima district, and Lapa Grande State Park. We compare our findings to the stone tool use characteristics reported in wild Sapajus libidinosus and other capuchin monkey species.Materials and MethodsIn monthly surveys from January to September 2018, we walked trails through the two study areas and categorized tool use site characteristics, including anvil area, height, and perimeter; hammer stone weight; and species of fruit utilized. Additionally, we utilized camera traps at high‐use sites.ResultsWe describe the tools used by S. xanthosternos at 169 sites clustered in seven Nutcracking Areas, for processing three different species of encased fruit: Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), Cansaçao (Cnidoscolus pubescens), and Guariroba (Syagrus oleracea). With camera traps, we directly observed tool use behavior for the first time in this species.DiscussionSapajus xanthosternos displayed tool use patterns very similar to those of S. libidinosus. The main difference was in regards to physical force; in our study, the mean weight of stones used by S. xanthosternos was higher than the mean reported for S. libidinosus at most field sites; however, there was no difference in hammer weight between S. libidinosus and S. xanthosternos when hammering Macaúba. We also registered the heaviest hammer stone for tool use (7.675 kg) known for the robust capuchin genus. It is clear from our study that tool use capacity and characteristics are conserved across the radiation of extant Sapajus, suggesting a possible stone tool use cognitive capacity spanning up to 3.3 million years of diversification within this genus. Unlike stone tool use occurring throughout the year for S. libidinosus, at our study sites S. xanthosternos used nutcracking tools only during the dry season.
Safe spaces and beyond: Examining the role of LGBT+ Pride Groups in fostering ontological security and allyship within UK schools
Authors: Brett Adam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper explores the critical role that safe spaces, or ‘Pride Groups’, can play in developing ontological security and allyship within schools. Drawing on data collected from eight UK secondary schools and one college, the research evaluates the impact of these groups, using an innovative theoretical framework combining Meyer's minority stress model with Giddens' concept of ontological security. The research addresses a significant and notable gap in UK‐based Pride Groups literature, as these groups are more commonly studied in the US context. The findings demonstrate that such groups provide essential safe spaces, fostering personal development, emotional wellbeing and broader school inclusion. Moreover, this study adds depth to existing research by examining the logistical and ideological challenges of running Pride Groups, such as the negotiation of group membership and the tension between inclusivity and safety. These insights contribute to an original and deeper understanding of inclusive policy and practice, revealing how educational environments can be transformed into spaces of safety for LGBT+ students.
“Spot Diagnosis”: Typical Endoscopic and Histopathological Features of Pseudomelanosis duodeni
Authors: Shephard Christopher James , Baran Bulent 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPseudomelanosis duodeni is a rare yet benign endoscopic entity characterized by black‐brown pigmentation of the duodenal mucosa secondary to iron accumulation within lamina propria macrophages. Histopathological evaluation of duodenal biopsies is reliable in excluding important differential diagnoses and preventing unnecessary investigations or interventions.
Reaction Equilibria in the Hydrogen Loading and Release of the LOHC System Benzyltoluene/Perhydro Benzyltoluene
Authors: Bong Barbara , Kopp Wassja A. , Nevolianis Thomas , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Leonhard Kai , Palkovits Regina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) can store and transport hydrogen by chemical bonding. Benzyltoluene (H0‐BT) is an attractive LOHC that can take up 12 H per carrier molecule. The chemical equilibrium favors hydrogenation at lower temperatures and higher pressures. In this work, we study hydrogenation kinetics at 125–200 °C and 0.3–30 bar H2. We perform ab initio calculations of all isomers of H0‐BT and its (partially) hydrogenated forms to compute chemical equilibrium compositions. Despite hydrogenation being exothermic, full hydrogenation is thermodynamically possible almost up to the boiling temperature of the LOHC. Based on the obtained results, the tradeoff between the degree of hydrogenation and reducing the operating temperature is discussed.
Wild Foundress Queen Bumble Bees Make Numerous, Short Foraging Trips and Exhibit Frequent Nest Failure: Insights From Trap‐Nesting and RFID Tracking
Authors: Gustilo Erica Sarro , Grover William H. , Woodard S. Hollis 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe overwhelming majority of research on wild bumble bees has focused on the social colony stage. Nest‐founding queens in the early season are difficult to study because incipient nests are challenging to find in the wild and the foundress queen flight period is very short relative to the entire nesting period. As a result, natural history information on foundress queens is exceedingly rare. New methodological approaches are needed to adequately study this elusive life stage. We trap‐nested wild queen bumble bees in artificial nest boxes in Gothic, Colorado and used a custom‐built radio frequency identification (RFID) system to continuously record queen foraging activity (inferred from entering and exiting the nest) for the majority of their spring flight periods. Foundress queens made frequent, short foraging trips, which tended to increase in duration over the course of the flight period. All queens who produced adult workers ceased foraging within approximately 1 week after workers emerged in the nest. We observed frequent nest failure among foundress queens: Fewer than one quarter of queens who laid eggs in nest boxes went on to produce reproductive gynes at the end of the season. We also report nest characteristics and curious phenomena we observed, including conspecific nest invasion and queens remaining outside the nest overnight. We present this trap‐nesting and subsequent RFID tracking method as a valuable, albeit resource‐intensive, path forward for uncovering new information about the elusive, incipient life stage of wild bumble bees.
Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with Fluorinated Heterocycles as Light‐Harvesting Antennae
Authors: Kocsi Daniel , Sathyan Harsha , Eszter Borbas K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLuminescent lanthanide complexes with two types of macrocyclic metal binding sites (tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid (do3a) and 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (tacn)) were synthesized. The complexes carry fluorine‐ or trifluoromethyl‐substituted carbostyril heterocycles as light‐harvesting antennae; the key 7‐amino‐3‐trifluoromethylcarbostyril and 7‐amino‐4‐fluorocarbostyril building blocks were accessed from simple starting materials. Lanthanide complexes were characterized by paramagnetic 1H NMR spectroscopy (Eu(III) complexes), and UV‐Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy. Antenna models were also studied with cyclic voltammetry. The position of the F/CF3‐substitution had a significant impact on the emission properties of the complexes. Further emitter optimization was possible by varying the macrocycle structure and the linker between the macrocycle and the antenna. The most emissive Tb(III) complex was based on a do3a framework linked via a secondary amide to a 7‐amino‐4‐fluorocarbostyril antenna (43 % luminescence quantum yield), for Eu(III) the highest quantum yield (13 %) was obtained with a 7‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethylcarbostyril antenna attached to a tacn macrocycle via a tertiary amide. Dy(III) and Sm(III) luminescence was also sensitized by the new antennae. The quantum yields of the Sm(III) emitters were similar irrespective of substitution pattern, while those of the Dy(III) complexes varied by 10‐fold.
Chronic Postsurgical Pain Raises Risk of Dementia
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Wang Xiaolin , Lu Zhongyuan , Yang Yitian , Lv Shuang , Miao Mengrong , Chen Wan‐Ming , Wu Szu‐Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and the risk of dementia, addressing a significant gap in the existing literature and highlighting potential implications for clinical practice and public health.Patients and MethodsUtilising data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, a propensity score‐matched cohort study was conducted involving 142,682 patients who underwent major surgery between 2004 and 2018. CPSP was defined as prolonged analgesic use post‐surgery, and dementia diagnosis was tracked until December 31, 2022. Multivariable Cox regression models were employed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for dementia risk in CPSP versus non‐CPSP groups.ResultsBefore propensity score matching, the CPSP cohort (n = 37,438) exhibited a higher risk of dementia, with aHRs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.30–1.40). After matching, the aHR remained elevated at 1.31 (95% CI: 1.26–1.37), indicating a significant association between CPSP and dementia risk. Subgroup analysis confirmed this association across various demographic and clinical factors, with sensitivity analysis reinforcing the robustness of the findings.ConclusionThis study establishes CPSP as an independent predictor of dementia risk, highlighting the importance of postoperative pain management in mitigating long‐term cognitive outcomes. Approximately 30% of dementia risk post‐CPSP presents an opportunity for risk reduction through effective CPSP management strategies, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to address this critical healthcare issue.SignificanceThis study provides compelling evidence that chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) significantly increases the risk of dementia, highlighting a critical and previously underexplored connection between postoperative pain and long‐term cognitive decline. By establishing CPSP as an independent predictor of dementia, our findings underscore the importance of effective pain management strategies in surgical patients, particularly to mitigate the heightened risk of dementia and improve long‐term outcomes.
Neonatal seizures: A cohort evaluation at a pediatric referral center
Authors: Amaral Joana , Silva Costa Inês , Ribeiro Joana , Costa Cármen , Palavra Filipe , Pereira Cristina , Robalo Conceição 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal seizures have an incidence of 1–5/1000 newborns. Their clinical, etiology, and therapeutic characterization is a clinical challenge.The objective of this study was to characterize neonatal seizures recorded over 6 years, considering the clinical presentation, management, and follow‐up.MethodsA retrospective analysis of clinical, neurophysiological (video‐electroencephalogram), and imaging data of all newborns who had suspected neonatal seizures with electroencephalographic findings (paroxysmal activity, electrographic‐only seizures, and/or electroclinical seizures) was performed. The study considered all cases that occurred between January 2010 and December 2015, with the respective follow‐up equal to or longer than 7 years.ResultsSeizures were diagnosed in 85 newborns, 87.1% within the first 48 h of life. In 72.9% of suspected cases, only paroxysmal activity in the v‐EEG was recorded, in another 16.5% electrical‐only seizures were found, and in 10.6% there were electroclinical seizures. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 23.5% of cases, with 14% currently maintaining therapy. Motor sequelae occurred in 44.3% of children and 41.4% had normal neurological examination. There were also 11.4% of deaths in the neonatal period.SignificanceNeonatal seizures occur mostly in the first 48 h of life and mainly due to hypoxic–ischemic injuries. During follow‐up, we recorded epilepsy in ¼ of patients.
Techno‐Economic Evaluation of Wind and Bio‐Energy Systems for Sustainable Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Obileke KeChrist , Mukumba Patrick 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe review presents the techno‐economic analysis of renewable energy systems based on bioenergy and wind energy. Previous studies in this area of research deal with hybrid renewable energy systems, focusing on grid electrification as the most efficient solution. However, there is a need to look at the stand‐alone energy system for remote areas, usually used to power a single house or small communities. Economic metrics and indicators used in the study include investment cost, payback period, internal rate of return, net present value, and so forth. During the review, it was observed that software for technical analysis, such as the hybrid optimization model for renewable energy and clean energy management software platform, model for analytical energy demand, and matrix laboratory, are the most commonly used for techno‐economic study. Findings from the review revealed that the payback period and discount rate are less than 15 years and 10%, respectively, with a 20% internal rate of return and electricity production cost within the range of 0.0085–0.1 kWh. Notably, the levelized cost of energy for wind energy is below 10 $/kWh. Finally, policy implications and recommendations for future research for the attention and benefit of the government, policymakers, and stakeholders were also presented.
Mechanistic Study of LIDT Reduction in KH2PO4 With Yi Predicted by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lu Xu , Hong Wei , Liu Tingyu , Li Huifang , Wang Jianghai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe defect formation energy, electronic structures, and optical properties of paraelectric phase (PE‐KDP) and ferroelectric phase (FE‐KDP) crystals with Y interstitial (Yi) defects have been investigated using density function theory. The band‐edge correction and FNV correction accurately determine the defect formation energies of the Yi defects in different charge states. The presence of transition energy levels in the band gap may indicate that the Yi defect has a significant impact on the properties of the FE‐KDP. The +3 charged Yi defects are more stable. The electronic properties in the 2p orbital mainly contribute to the defect states in the band gap, which provides the possibility of multiphoton transition of electrons. New transparent absorption bands near 3.47 eV (357 nm) and 5.66 eV (219 nm) were calculated in PE‐KDP, and the absorption bands caused by Yi defects and strong electron–phonon coupling under the FE‐KDP structure showed that the light in the wavelength bands near 5.09 eV (244 nm) and 5.79 eV (214 nm) below the phase transition temperature (123 K) damaged the KDP crystal. The distortion of atoms near the defects indicates that Yi defects may be accompanied by intrinsic defects. The calculated values are highly consistent with the critical absorption observed at 355 nm in the experiment and the new absorption weak at 230 nm produced in the crystal after low‐temperature X‐ray irradiation, which suggests that the Y defect may be the key factor affecting the laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the KDP crystal.
Treatment Patterns in Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Complete Concentric Collapse on Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Cole Justin Thomas , Ryan Emma , Song Tian Yue , Karelsky Sveta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjective(s)To describe outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and intolerance of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy who undergo drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) with findings of complete concentric collapse (CCC) at the velum.MethodsThis is a single‐institution, retrospective review of all patients undergoing DISE by the senior author between January 2013 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria were moderate to severe OSA, PAP intolerance or failure, and adequate records to determine OSA treatment status.ResultsSix hundred and eighty‐nine patients underwent DISE between the above dates. 118 patients (17%) had CCC at the velum, and 103 were included. 23 patients (22%) were successfully treated, while 80 patients (78%) remained inadequately treated. This is significantly lower than the successful treatment rate of 48% at our institution in patients without CCC at the velum (p < 0.0001). Patients with CCC pursuing surgery to either improve PAP compliance, achieve primary surgical cure, or convert to a favorable DISE collapse pattern achieved adequate treatment in 40% of cases (12 of 30, p = 0.006 vs. patients not pursuing surgery). The remainder of CCC patients continued PAP therapy alone, employed a mandibular advancement device, or did not treat their sleep apnea.ConclusionPatients with OSA, PAP intolerance, and CCC of the velum on DISE are more likely to remain unsuccessfully treated than those without CCC. Surgical intervention appears to confer a treatment advantage in CCC patients over continued PAP management or oral appliance therapy. Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment for this patient population.Level of Evidence4.
The Significance of Subperiosteal Abscess Volume in Acute Mastoiditis
Authors: Abu‐Eta Rani , Salameh Ramez , Oron Yahav , Handzel Ophir , Muhanna Nidal , Ungar Omer Jacob 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether the subperiosteal abscess (SPA) volume in acute coalescent mastoiditis (ACM) as measured in imaging studies, should influence the decision‐making process between performing mastoidectomy versus needle aspiration or incision and drainage (I&D) as the initial treatment of SPA.SettingSingle tertiary referral center.Patients and MethodsThe records of all pediatric patients admitted with ACM between 1/2012 and 12/2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline abscess volumes were measured on dedicated segmentation software for analyzing imaging findings. SPA volumes of needle aspirations were compared with those following I&D. Outcomes were compared.ResultsIn total, 99 patients (median [interquartile range] age 26 [11–35] months) were enrolled. The mean ± standard deviation white blood cell (WBC) counts and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were 14.5 ± 7.0 K/μL and 112 ± 42 mg/dL, respectively. Fifty‐seven patients were treated by needle aspiration and 42 by I&D. Age, WBC counts, and CRP levels were similar for both groups, as were SPA volumes as seen on imaging studies 2.0 ± 1.0 cm3 for the former group and 2.0 ± 0.9 cm3 for the latter group (p = 0.955). Resolution rates were 75.4% and 76.2%, respectively (p = 0.931). Resolved SPAs after needle aspiration and I&D had similar volumes 1.7 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 0.7 cm3, respectively, p = 0.931.ConclusionBoth needle aspiration and I&D are safe methods to reduce the infective and inflammatory load and provide pus for culture. Higher volumes (~3 cm3 and more) should be managed initially with cortical mastoidectomy since the risk of no improvement following needle aspiration or I&D is higher.Level of Evidence3.