bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome and prognostic factors in infective endocarditis in dogs: 113 cases (2005‐2020)
Authors: Reagan Krystle L. , Visser Lance C. , Epstein Steven E. , Stern Joshua A. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFactors associated with outcome in dogs diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) are not well characterized.ObjectivesEvaluate outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with IE.AnimalsOne hundred and thirteen dogs with IE.MethodsMedical records for dogs that fulfilled the modified Duke criteria between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, preexisting conditions, clinicopathologic findings, treatment regimen, and outcomes were recorded. Univariate logistic regression was performed to identify categorical factors associated with mortality, and then multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsDogs were categorized as survivors (n = 47), non‐survivors (n = 57), or lost to follow‐up (n = 9). Survival to discharge and at 1 month was documented in 79 (70%) of 113 and 56 (54%) of 104 dogs, respectively, with median survival time (MST) of 72 days. Risk factors associated with mortality included development of congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐97.8), thromboembolic events (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.3‐14.4), and acute kidney injury (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0‐18.8). Administration of antithrombotic medications was associated with survival (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.97). Dogs that were not treated with antithrombotics had MST of 92 days, whereas dogs treated with antithrombotics did not reach MST during the study period. The heart valves involved and etiologic agent identified did not correlate with outcome.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs with IE that had thromboembolic events, acute kidney injury, or congestive heart failure had higher risk of mortality. Administration of antithrombotics was associated with prolonged survival time.
Examining differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes reveals low differentiation in internal compared to external feeding traits
Authors: Gu H. , He X. , Wu Y. , Deng S. , Jiang Y. , Yu J. , Deng Z. , Xing K. , Wang Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the process of sympatric species differentiation, which feeding traits are most differentiated? The complete feeding process of capture, ingestion, and digestion requires certain external, as well as internal traits. Therefore, comprehensive comparisons are needed to study fish feeding habits. This study systematically investigated the adaptive radiation and parallel evolution ofSchizothoraxfishes, and quantified the external, frame, pharyngeal bone, and digestive traits of the systematically differentiated omnivorousSchizothorax davidiand herbivorousS. wangchiachii. A member of their sister genus, the carnivorousPercocypris pingi, was used as an outgroup control to explore the feeding differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes. The results showed that these species had highly differentiated external traits, while the internal traits (pharyngeal bone and digestive traits) showed low differentiation, indicating that predatory traits diverged first in the differentiation of sympatricSchizothoraxfishes, while chewing and digestive traits were slower to diverge. Furthermore, we screened 16 continuous feeding traits, and the quantified values of these traits progressively increased or decreased with increasing nutritional level of food. These findings provide a reference for the selection of quantitative indicators in future studies of sympatric species differentiation.
The Relationship Between Assessment‐Related Stress, Performance, and Gender in a Class Test
Authors: Prokofieva Victoria , Kostromina Svetlana , Brandt‐Pomares Pascale , Hérold Jean‐François , Fenouillet Fabien , Velay Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn assessment‐related stress is an object of interest of both educational and neurobiological research. In educational literature, “feeling stressed” is measured by self‐reports and mostly in the situation of high‐stakes examinations before and after an exam. In neurophysiological research, “acute stress” is laboratory observed through controlled variables. However, the studies of functionally measured stress in real school context are missing in scientific literature. This article relates the results of a study carried out in a real school context during a class test. Stress data obtained through the functional measurement (heart rate variability) in 16 students and behavioral data in 76 students were analyzed. The results show that class tests under assessment are more stressful compared with nonassessed tests. A decrease in number of correct responses and an increase in response time was observed. Girls show better performance and respond more slowly under assessment. The results are discussed in the scope of interdisciplinary research.
Comparative transcriptomics of fungal endophytes in co‐culture with their moss host Dicranum scoparium reveals fungal trophic lability and moss unchanged to slightly increased growth rates
Authors: Chen Ko‐Hsuan , Liao Hui‐Ling , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Korotkin Hailee B. , Wu Steven H. , Matheny P. Brandon , Lutzoni François 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Mosses harbor fungi whose interactions within their hosts remain largely unexplored. Trophic ranges of fungal endophytes from the moss Dicranum scoparium were hypothesized to encompass saprotrophism. This moss is an ideal host to study fungal trophic lability because of its natural senescence gradient, and because it can be grown axenically.

Dicranum scoparium was co‐cultured with each of eight endophytic fungi isolated from naturally occurring D. scoparium. Moss growth rates, and gene expression levels (RNA sequencing) of fungi and D. scoparium, were compared between axenic and co‐culture treatments. Functional lability of two fungal endophytes was tested by comparing their RNA expression levels when colonizing living vs dead gametophytes.

Growth rates of D. scoparium were unchanged, or increased, when in co‐culture. One fungal isolate (Hyaloscyphaceae sp.) that promoted moss growth was associated with differential expression of auxin‐related genes. When grown with living vs dead gametophytes, Coniochaeta sp. switched from having upregulated carbohydrate transporter activity to upregulated oxidation‐based degradation, suggesting an endophytism to saprotrophism transition. However, no such transition was detected for Hyaloscyphaceae sp.

Individually, fungal endophytes did not negatively impact growth rates of D. scoparium. Our results support the long‐standing hypothesis that some fungal endophytes can switch to saprotrophism.
Liberating older adults from the bonds of vascular risk factors: What is their impact on financial capacity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment?
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Tsolaki Magda 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere is a pressing need to clarify whether vascular risk factors (VRFs) are related to the heterogeneous cognitive performance found in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and whether the number of VRFs relates to financial capacity impairment in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI).MethodsA total of 112 participants were divided into three groups: patients with single‐domain aMCI, patients with multiple‐domain aMCI, and healthy controls (HCs), while taking into consideration whether participants had a diagnosis of one VRF or disease, or more than one VRF or disease. Patients with aMCI with VRFs (one and more than one VRF) and HCs did not differ significantly in age, education, and sex. Mini‐Mental State Examination, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, and Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS) were administered to all groups.ResultsDiagnosis (P <0.001) and VRFs (P = 0.006) showed significant main effects on LCPLTAS but no interaction (P = 0.654). Patients with aMCI with high vascular burden were more frequently of the multiple‐domain subtype, whereas patients with no vascular burden were more frequently of the single‐domain subtype. A larger vascular burden is correlated with lower LCPLTAS scores.DiscussionVascular burden plays an important role in the heterogeneity of aMCI by impairing financial capacity.
Toward a culture of peacebuilding and complex identity in the post‐COVID world
Authors: Vorkunova Olga A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the questions of what is new about complex identity and what it means for peacebuilding. I begin with the notion that scales and identity must be considered in their totality, as part of a complex bundle of technological, economic, and socio‐cultural forces. I also point out that peacebuilding is a process that gradually evolves and not a thing that suddenly appears. While every new age holds marked change, it also contains elements of continuity. Peacebuilding is then defined as holding five essential components: (1) building self‐sustainable peaceful societies, (2) democratic transition processes, (3) economic reform and development, (4) institution‐building, and (5) structural adjustment. The last section of the article lists both the positive and negative implications that post‐COVID world portends for peacebuilding. The good news includes rising prosperity, development cooperation and aid, and increased democracy. The bad news consists of sharpening imbalances, increased social disorder, and greater people’s expectations. Finally, I suggest some ways of coping with these prospects.
Pros and cons of causative association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koziel Joanna , Potempa Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch in recent decades has brought significant advancements in understanding of the molecular basis of the etiology of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, a common systemic disease in which an inappropriate or inadequate immune response to environmental challenges leads to joint destruction. Recent studies have indicated that the classical viewpoint of the immunological processes underpinning the pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis is restricted and needs to be expanded to include a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach incorporating bacteria‐induced inflammatory reactions as an important pathway in rheumatoid arthritis etiology. Here, we discuss in detail data showing the clinical and molecular association of rheumatoid arthritis development with periodontal diseases. We also describe the unique role of periopathogens, which have been proposed to be crucial in the initiation and progression of this autoimmune pathological disorder.
Occurrence rate and risk factors for long‐term central line‐associated bloodstream infections in patients with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Belloni Silvia , Caruso Rosario , Cattani Daniela , Mandelli Giorgia , Donizetti Daniela , Mazzoleni Beatrice , Tedeschi Michele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCentral line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a public health problem that harms patients' outcomes and healthcare costs, especially in susceptible populations such as patients with cancer. Overall, systematic queries about etiology, risks, and epidemiology are explained by data from observational studies, which better underline the relationship between factors and incidence of disease. However, no recent systematic reviews of observational studies on adult patients with cancer have been conducted on this topic, considering the wide range of all potential factors which can contribute to the increase in infection rate in the hospitalized adults with cancer. This study systematically reviewed observational studies investigating the occurrence rate of CLABSI and its risk factors for long‐term inserted central catheter‐related infections in hospitalized adult cancer patients.MethodsA systematic review was performed on four databases from the earliest available date until December 2020. Retrospective and prospective cohort studies focused on the occurrence rate of CLABSI and its risk factors in hospitalized adult cancer patients. The pooled occurrence rate of CLABSI (95% CI) was calculated by applying a random‐effects model.ResultsOf 1712 studies, 8 were eligible, and the data of device‐related infection rate were meta‐analyzed. The pooled occurrence rate of CLABSI was roughly 8% (95% CI [4%, 14%]). The device characteristics, device's management aspects, therapies administration, and select patients' clinical conditions represent the main risk factors for long‐term catheter‐related infection in cancer patients.Linking Evidence to ActionConsidering the substantial infection rate among cancer patients, identifying risk rate factors is pivotal to support evidence‐grounded preventive strategies and maximize cancer patient safety. This study's results could guide policymakers and healthcare leaders and future research studies to disseminate appropriate risk‐reducing management culture and implement standardized research and clinical approach to the investigated phenomenon as an infection surveillance strategy.
Reductions in under-5 mortality and public health improvements of the China Healthy Cities (Counties) initiative: a nationwide quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yue Dahai , Chen Xiao , Zhu Yuhui , Macinko James , Meng Qingyue 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe China Healthy Cities (Counties) public health initiative has been at the forefront of China’s efforts to counteract the growing challenges in the urban environment since the 1990s. It primarily focuses on improving the urban living environment. However, the nationwide health impacts of the initiative remain unexplored.MethodsWe constructed nationwide county-level and city-level panel data from 1996 to 2012 using data on under-5 mortality rates (U5MR), the list of China healthy cities and counties and socioeconomic factors. We used a two-step staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits variations in the timing of achieving the title of China Healthy City/County. Subgroup analyses by region were performed.ResultsWe included 707 cities in the China Healthy Cities study, and 1631 counties in the China Healthy Counties study. Our results indicate substantial and significant reductions in U5MR associated with the public health initiative in China. The association varies across regions with different socioeconomic statuses. China Healthy Cities were significantly associated with a reduction of 0.7/1000 (95% CI −1.2 to −0.2) in under-5 mortality 5 years after cities gained the title and a decrease of 1.4/1000 (95% CI −2.2 to −0.6) 10 years afterward. Cities from western China saw the largest statistically significant gains with 3.2/1000 and 7.2/1000 reductions in child mortality after 5 and 10 years, respectively. China Healthy Counties were also associated with significant reductions in under-5 mortality 8 years after achieving the title; it was associated with 2.6/1000 reductions in under-5 mortality nationwide and 3.8/1000 reductions in eastern China. Our results are robust to heterogeneous treatment effects across cities/counties over time and various model specifications.ConclusionOur results suggest significant reductions in under-5 mortality associated with this public health intervention focusing on living environment conditions. Future research could explore differential effects across regions and clarify the underlying causal mechanisms.
Fluctuations in central foveal thickness and association with vision outcomes with anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD: HARBOR post hoc analysis
Authors: Sheth Veeral , D'Rozario Mitchell , Gune Shamika , Blotner Steven 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate correlations between variability in central foveal thickness (CFT) and vision with ranibizumab in a HARBOR post hoc analysis.Methods and analysisPatients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD; N=1097) received monthly or as-needed (PRN) ranibizumab (0.5 or 2.0 mg) for 24 months. Fluctuation scores were used to assess CFT variability; every time CFT increased and then decreased (or vice versa), numeric value of the change was added to the score. Magnitude of change <50 µm was considered clinically insignificant and did not count towards the score. Fluctuation scores were grouped into quartiles. Least squares mean (LSM) changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were plotted against fluctuation score quartiles for CFT, subretinal fluid (SRF) height, neurosensory retina and neurosensory retina + subretinal hyper-reflective material.ResultsPatients with lower fluctuations scores (quartiles 1–3) had greatest vision gains at month 24, with LSM changes from baseline of 9.0–10.8 and 8.7–10.6 letters in the monthly and PRN arms, respectively. Corresponding changes for quartile 4 were 6.7 and 6.5 letters, respectively. There were no differences between quartiles for association between fluctuations in SRF height and BCVA gains. There were inverse correlations between magnitude of fluctuations in neurosensory and inner retina thickness and BCVA gains for quartile 4 vs quartiles 1–3. Patients in quartiles 1 and 2 showed rapid, robust BCVA gains, whereas those in quartiles 3 and 4 had lesser responses.ConclusionsFluctuations in retinal thickening with ranibizumab may be associated with treatment response in patients with nAMD.Trial registration numberNCT00891735.
Young endurance training starting age in non-elite athletes is associated with higher proximal aortic distensibility
Authors: Ryffel Christoph P , Eser Prisca , Marcin Thimo , Herrsche Dario , Brugger Nicolas , Trachsel Lukas D , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveDecreased proximal aortic distensibility (AD) is known to significantly predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among individuals without overt cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of endurance training (ET) parameters, namely, ET starting age, ET years and yearly ET volume with AD in non-elite endurance athletes.MethodsHealthy, normotensive, male Caucasian participants of a 10-mile race were assessed with a 2D echocardiogram and comprehensive interview. Ascending aortic diameters were measured simultaneously with pulse pressure. Aortic strain, AD and aortic stiffness index were calculated. Predictors of AD were investigated among training parameters by linear regression models corrected for age, resting heart rate, stroke volume index and mean blood pressure.ResultsNinety-two of 121 athletes (aged 42±8 years) had sufficient echocardiogram quality and were used for analysis. ET starting age (range 6–52 years) and years of ET (range 2–46 years) were highly collinear and used in two separate models for AD. Significant factors for AD were ET starting age, 10-mile race time and resting heart rate in model I, and age, years of ET, 10-mile race time and heart rate in model II (all p<0.01).ConclusionsIn our cohort of healthy, non-elite, middle-aged runners, AD was significantly higher in athletes with younger ET starting age or more years of ET (in the model adjusted for confounders). In the model with years of ET, age had a negative contribution to AD, suggesting that with older age, the benefit of more years of ET on AD decreased. Future studies assessing the effect of exercise training on arterial properties should include training starting age.
Effect of WeChat-Based Health Preaching Combined with an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Model on Perioperative Limb Motor Function and Complications in Orthopaedic Patients
Authors: Pang Zhijuan , Hu Bin , Chai Dejun , Li Ping , Ma Le , Liu Lei , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To evaluate the effect of WeChat-based health preaching combined with an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) model on perioperative limb motor function and complications in orthopaedic patients.Methods. By means of retrospective analysis, the medical data of 68 orthopaedic patients who received surgical treatment in our hospital (from 01, 2020–12, 2021) were collected, and the patients were equally divided into the study group (SG) and control group (CG) according to their admission order, with 34 cases each. From 7 d before surgery to the time of hospital discharge, WeChat-based health preaching combined with ERAS perioperative nursing was performed to patients in the SG, and routine orthopaedic perioperative nursing was performed to those in the CG. Before and after nursing, patients’ Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F) scores, Houston Pain Outcome Instrument (HPOI) scores, and brief Fu-gI-Meyer (FMA) motor scores were investigated and the incidence rates of postoperative complications and nursing satisfaction of patients in the two groups were recorded. Results. After nursing, SG obtained a significantly better VAS-F score and HPOI score (

P

< 0.001), significantly higher postoperative 7 d and predischarge lower limb FMA scores (20.06 ± 2.13 vs 18.38 ± 2.36, 27.50 ± 1.90 vs 24.09 ± 2.25,

P

< 0.05), and significantly lower annual incidence rate of complications compared with those of the CG (

P

< 0.05); and the nursing satisfaction scores of the SG and CG were 9.18 ± 0.82 points and 6.76 ± 0.91 points, respectively, indicating significantly higher nursing satisfaction in the SG than in the CG (

P

< 0.001). Conclusion. The nursing model of WeChat-based health preaching combined with ERAS can effectively improve the knowledge level of orthopaedic patients, thereby improving their abilities of pain management and self-management, accelerating the recovery of their limb function, and reducing the incidence rate of postoperative complications. The patients are more satisfied with such nursing model, indicating its better promotion value.
Impact of Antihypertensive Drug Class on Outcomes in SPRINT
Authors: DeCarolis Douglas D. , Gravely Amy , Olney Christine M. , Ishani Areef 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The primary objective of this analysis is to assess if greater exposure to any major antihypertensive drug class was associated with reduced primary composite outcome events in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial).

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of the SPRINT trial evaluating whether longitudinal, time varying exposure to any major antihypertensive drug class had any impact on primary outcome events, after adjusting for effects of randomization arm, time varying achieved systolic blood pressure, other drug class exposure, and baseline characteristics.

Results:
Nine thousand two hundred fifty-two participants were included. After adjustments, exposure of one year or greater to thiazide-type diuretics or renin-angiotensin system blockers was associated with significantly fewer primary events than exposure of less than one year (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.64–0.94]). There was no significant difference with longer versus shorter exposure to calcium channel blockers. Greater exposure to beta-blockers was associated with an increase in primary events compared with exposure of <1 year (hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.13–1.62]). Furthermore, thiazide-type diuretics were associated with a reduction in heart failure events and renin-angiotensin system blockers with reduced myocardial infarction. Both were associated with less cardiovascular deaths.

Conclusions:
The SPRINT trial demonstrated a lower target blood pressure led to reductions in adverse cardiovascular events. This analysis suggests greater exposure to thiazide-type diuretics and renin-angiotensin system blockers also contributed to reduced adverse cardiovascular events. Greater exposure to beta-blockers was associated with increased cardiovascular events.