bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovary structure and symbiotic associates of a ground mealybug, Rhizoecus albidus (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Rhizoecidae) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Szklarzewicz Teresa , Kalandyk‐Kołodziejczyk Małgorzata , Michalik Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ovary structure and the organization of its symbiotic system of the ground mealybug, Rhizoecus albidus (Rhizoecidae), were examined by means of microscopic and molecular methods. Each of the paired elongated ovaries of R. albidus is composed of circa one hundred short telotrophic‐meroistic ovarioles, which are radially arranged along the distal part of the lateral oviduct. Analysis of serial sections revealed that each ovariole contains four germ cells: three trophocytes (nurse cells) occupying the tropharium and a single oocyte in the vitellarium. The ovaries are accompanied by giant cells termed bacteriocytes which are tightly packed with large pleomorphic bacteria. Their identity as Brownia rhizoecola (Bacteroidetes) was confirmed by means of amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report on the morphology and ultrastructure of the Brownia rhizoecola bacterium. In the bacteriocyte cytoplasm bacteria Brownia co‐reside with sporadic rod‐shaped smaller bacteria, namely Wolbachia (Proteobacteria: Alphaproteobacteria). Both symbionts are transmitted to the next generation vertically (maternally), that is, via female germline cells. We documented that, at the time when ovarioles contain oocytes at the vitellogenic stage, these symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and move toward the neck region of ovarioles (i.e. the region between tropharium and vitellarium). Next, the bacteria enter the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the basal part of the tropharium, leave them and enter the space between the follicular epithelium and surface of the nutritive cord connecting the tropharium and vitellarium. Finally, they gather in the deep depression of the oolemma at the anterior pole of the oocyte in the form of a ‘symbiont ball’. Our results provide further arguments strongly supporting the validity of the recent changes in the classification of mealybugs, which involved excluding ground mealybugs from the Pseudococcidae family and raising them to the rank of their own family Rhizoecidae.
Analysis of vanishing endometrial cancer by pathological types
Authors: Görgülü Gökşen , Doğan Özdaş Emel , Özdaş Erol , Sayhan Sevil , Kuru Oğuzhan , Gökçü Mehmet , Sancı Muzaffer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWe asked why endometrial cancer sometimes vanishes.MethodsA total of 454 patients diagnosed with endometrioid‐type endometrial cancer (EC) (via endometrial sampling) and treated in our clinic over the past 5 years were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: vanishing and residual, depending on whether a tumor was detected in the postoperative hysterectomy specimen. Patient age, numbers of pregnancies and deliveries, menopausal status, systemic disease status, hemogram parameters, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, and invasion status (evident on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were compared between the groups.ResultsECs vanished in 42 (9.25%) patients. The vanishing rates were 19.7% (37/187) in FIGO grade 1 patients, 2.1% (5/238) in grade 2 patients, and 0% (0/29) in grade 3 patients. The average age was lower in the vanishing than the residual group, but the premenopausal status and grade 1 tumor rates were higher (both p < 0.001). An absence of invasion (as revealed by MRI) was more common in the vanishing group (p < 0.001). No recurrence developed in the vanishing group, but recurrences were noted in 3.3% (14/412) of the residual group. There were no significant between‐group differences in any of the numbers of pregnancies or births, systemic disease status, or hemogram parameters (all p > 0.05).ConclusionVanishing EC is more likely in premenopausal women with endometrioid grade 1 EC (as revealed by endometrial biopsy) who lack myometrial invasion on MRI.
Physical, Mechanical, and Anti‐Biofilm Formation Properties of CAD‐CAM Milled or 3D Printed Denture Base Resins: In Vitro Analysis
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo Falcão Carvalho Porto de , Duarte Simone , Feitosa Sabrina , Dutra Vinicius , Lin Wei‐Shao , Panariello Beatriz Helena Dias , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate surface characteristics (roughness and contact angle), anti‐biofilm formation, and mechanical properties (mini‐flexural strength) of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer, and three‐dimensional (3D) printed resin for denture base fabrication compared with conventional heat polymerized denture base resins.Materials and methodsA total of 60 discs and 40 rectangular specimens were fabricated from one CAD‐CAM (AvaDent), one 3D printed (Cosmos Denture), and two conventional heat polymerized (Lucitone 199 and VipiWave) materials for denture base fabrication. Roughness was determined by Ra value; the contact angle was measured by the sessile drop method. The biofilm formation inhibition behavior was analyzed through Candida albicans adhesion, while mini‐flexural strength test was done using a three‐point bending test. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (α = 0.05).ResultsThe CAD‐CAM PMMA group showed the lowest C. albicans adhesion (log CFU/mL: 3.74 ± 0.57) and highest mini‐flexural strength mean (114.96 ± 16.23 MPa). 3D printed specimens presented the highest surface roughness (Ra: 0.317 ± 0.151 μm) and lowest mini‐flexural strength values (57.23 ± 9.07 MPa). However, there was no statistical difference between CAD‐CAM PMMA and conventional groups for roughness, contact angle, and mini‐flexural strength.ConclusionsCAD‐CAM milled materials present surface and mechanical properties similar to conventional resins and show improved behavior in preventing C. albicans adhesion. Nevertheless, 3D printed resins present decreased mini‐flexural strength.
Testing Australian standard consumers' understanding of the language used to describe wine
Authors: Bianchi Ivana , Truong Hang , Russell Alex M. T. , Burro Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith reference to 64 common descriptors of the sensory properties of wine (e.g., tannic, full‐bodied, etc.), we investigated the extent to which these terms are understood by Australian standard consumers in relation to an opposite property (i.e., as happens in the case of experts). The study also determined how consistently these dimensions were among the group of participants. The results confirmed that the sensorial dimensions relating to wine can be modeled in terms of opposites for standard wine consumers in more than 80% of cases. However, there was a great deal of variability between the properties in terms of the opposites which were elicited indicating that some terms are less open to ambiguity while others are associated with many different opposites. A comparison of the results with those from similar studies with Italian and Vietnamese participants is addressed in the final section.Practical ApplicationsThe aim of the study was to replicate previous research conducted with Italian participants, but in this case involving Australian participants, with a view to compare participants from a traditional wine‐producing country with those from a relatively newly established wine‐producing country. A similar study had already been carried out with Vietnamese participants, that is, with consumers from a country with less familiarity with grape wines. The importance of this study rests on the fact that English is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world and, as such, the study represents a relevant evolution of the original research.Opposites seem to be a useful point of reference for standard consumers in all of these countries in terms of their understanding of the terms used to describe wine. This and the fact that there seems to be a certain degree of uncertainty regarding people's understanding of many of these terms indicate that it may be necessary to reconceptualize the sensory dimensions relating to wine. From a practical point of view, this is certainly of interest to wine producers since it can help in the marketing of their products.
Evaluation of permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in cases referred from National Neonatal Screening Program
Authors: Donbaloğlu Zeynep , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra , Karacan Küçükali Gülin , Şakar Merve , Savaş‐Erdeve Şenay 
Published: June 2022

AimThe incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has increased world‐wide. Lowering cut‐off in screening programs has led to an increase in the rate of transient CH. We aimed to evaluate the rates of permanent and transient CH in cases referred from the screening program and to investigate the clinical and laboratory factors which predict transient CH.MethodsIn 109 cases referred from the neonatal screening program to our hospital, from September 2015 to April 2018, 52 primarily diagnosed CH cases were prospectively evaluated. Regularly followed up, 44 CH cases were included in the study at the end of 3 years.Results38.2 ± 1.31 weeks (w) and mean birthweight 3021.3 ± 389.6 gram (g) in the transient CH group; both were significantly lower compared to permanent CH cases with 39.06 ± 1.33 w and 3375.3 ± 425.3 g (P = 0.025, P = 0.007) respectively. Transient CH rate was found to be 50% (all hypoplastic) in the dysgenesis group and 73.3% in groups with normal and hyperplasic thyroid gland. While fT4, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin levels at diagnosis do not predict transient/permanent CH, levothyroxine (LT‐4) dosage was significantly lower in the transient CH group in all years. The optimal cut‐off value with highest sensitivity and specificity for LT‐4 dosage as a predictive marker to differentiate transient CH from permanent CH was 2.27 μg/kg/day (P = 0.004; sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 83%) at 1st year, 1.85 μg /kg/day (P = 0.013; sensitivity: 66%, specificity: 72%) at 2nd year and 1.69 μg /kg/day at 3rd year (P < 0.0001; sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 83%).ConclusionTransient CH is more frequent than expected. Our results suggest that LT‐4 requirement may be a good marker for predicting transient CH, while thyroid hormone levels at the time of diagnosis do not significantly predict permanent and transient CH. Therefore, infants with CH requiring LT‐4 doses <2.27 μg/kg/day at 1st year, <1.85 μg /kg/day at 2nd year may be re‐evaluated earlier to discriminate transient CH rather than at 3 years of age.
Monitoring the infection of powdery mildew pathogen on strawberry leaves by ATR‐IR technique
Authors: Wang Quanzhi , Zhang Sikai , Xu Junjie , Ke Xinyi , Peng Chao , Li Zhen , Chen Bo , Pan Shang , Gu Tingting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases in plants. The disease mainly occurs in leaves, fruits, and petioles. As infection at an early stage cannot be observed with the naked eye, it causes severe economic losses to global agriculture. Here, we used attenuated total reflection–infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) to identify the stage of powdery mildew infection in strawberry leaves. For naturally diseased strawberry leaves, the ATR‐IR spectra on the abaxial surface had an intense peak at 1690 cm−1, showing gradually increased intensity from early‐to‐late stages of infection. This peak was attributed to the acetyl and carboxyl C=O stretching vibrations of the pathogen. However, the spectra of the abaxial surface did not demonstrate a comparable change in 1690 cm−1 peak. When strawberry leaves were inoculated with powdery mildew, ATR‐IR successfully identified the stages of this anthropogenic infection. Moreover, the peak area ratio of 1690/2920 cm−1 on the abaxial surface of strawberry leaves was extracted to quantitatively evaluate the stages of infection, using the fitting curve equation of y = 0.0015x2‐0.0014x‐0.0021 (R2 = .9721). This study indicated potential application of ATR‐IR in monitoring fungal infections in plants. In particular, the stages of infection can be quickly and accurately monitored using the ATR‐IR technique.
Detection of the origin of atrial tachycardia by 3D electro‐anatomical mapping and treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses
Authors: Van Steenkiste Glenn , Boussy Tim , Duytschaever Mattias , Vernemmen Ingrid , Schauvlieghe Stijn , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial tachycardia (AT) can be treated by medical or electrical cardioversion but the recurrence rate is high. Three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping, recently described in horses, might be used to map AT to identify a focal source or reentry mechanism and to guide treatment by radiofrequency ablation.ObjectivesTo describe the feasibility of 3D electro‐anatomical mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation to characterize and treat sustained AT in horses.AnimalsNine horses with sustained AT.MethodsRecords from horses with sustained AT referred for radiofrequency ablation at Ghent University were reviewed.ResultsThe AT was drug resistant in 4 out of 9 horses. In 8 out of 9 horses, AT originated from a localized macro‐reentrant circuit (n = 5) or a focal source (n = 3) located at the transition between the right atrium and the caudal vena cava. In these 8 horses, local radiofrequency catheter ablation resulted in the termination of AT. At follow‐up, 6 out of 8 horses remained free of recurrence.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDifferentiation between focal and macro‐reentrant AT in horses is possible using 3D electro‐anatomical mapping. In this study, the source of right atrial AT in horses was safely treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Discovery of inhibitors against mycobacterium branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases through in silico screening and experimental evaluation
Authors: Pham M.T. , Tran T.T.A. , Zayabaatar E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases and is caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt). Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) were reported to be the key enzyme for methionine synthesis in Mycobacterium. Blocking the methionine synthesis in Mycobacterium can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium. Therefore, in silico screening of inhibitors can be a good way to develop a potential drug for treating TB. A pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-form of Mycobacterium bovis branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (MbBCAT), an active form of MbBCAT, was constructed manually for docking approximately 150 000 compounds and the free energy was calculated in Autodock Vina. The 10 compounds which had the highest affinity to MbBCAT were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects against MbBCAT. Within the selected compounds, compound 4 (ZINC12359007) was found to be the best inhibitor against MbBCAT with the inhibitory constant Ki of 0·45 μmol l−1 and IC50 of 2·37 μmol l−1. Our work provides potential candidates to develop effective drugs to prevent TB since the well-known structural information would be beneficial in the structure-based modification and design.
Association of hospital and community factors on the attainment of Baby‐Friendly designation: A breastfeeding health promotion
Authors: Tafili Aurora , Zakari Nazik M. A. , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Spaulding Aaron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative is a global health promotion intervention that outlines the Ten Steps hospitals should implement to support newborns' breastfeeding. This US‐based study aimed to determine which hospital characteristics and community factors are associated with hospitals' attainment of Baby‐Friendly designation. We used a cross‐sectional design and used 2018 data from the Baby‐Friendly, USA Inc. designation program merged with the American Hospital Association annual survey data set. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess hospital characteristics of interest among the sample consisting of 312 Baby‐Friendly hospitals and 1449 non‐Baby‐Friendly. Our results show that Baby‐Friendly hospitals are more likely to be government nonfederal hospitals, in the Midwest or South regions, serve communities with higher birth totals, and reside in competitive markets. Based on the results of this study, hospitals should seek further and examine their community's characteristics and structures to identify opportunities and encourage the attainment of improved breastfeeding initiatives such as Baby‐Friendly designation.
Plenty more fish in the sea? – is there a place for seafood within a healthier and more sustainable diet?
Authors: Steenson Simon , Creedon Annette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFish and other seafood species play an important nutritional, economic and social role within current diets worldwide, providing significant amounts of protein and micronutrients for an estimated 3 billion people. Advice to consume fish is a common feature of dietary guidelines globally, including in the UK. However, increased global demand for seafood has led to overfishing and environmental damage linked to aquaculture expansion; issues, which are exacerbated by climate change. This raises the question of whether future demand for seafood can be met sustainably. In this article, we provide professionals working in diet, nutrition and health with an insight into the challenges facing the seafood sector and offer advice on how consumers may include seafood within a healthier and more sustainable diet. While a complex and multi‐faceted challenge, fisheries scientists estimate that successful implementation of better management practices (for farmed and wild‐capture fisheries) can meet future demand, allow fish stocks to rebuild to sustainable levels, help mitigate environmental effects of aquaculture, and ensure profitable fisheries to support the ~60 million people employed by the seafood sector globally. Those working within the UK food system, including nutrition and health professionals, and businesses, can support the transition towards a more sustainable future for seafood by: encouraging consumption of a wider variety of species by UK consumers; increasing awareness of and knowledge about ‘ecolabel’ certifications designed to help consumers identify more sustainable choices; and engaging with multi‐stakeholder initiatives addressing sustainability challenges facing the seafood sector.
Application of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging to Evaluate and Predict the Surgical Outcome for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Han Xiao , Ma Xiaodong , Li Donghang , Wang Jinchao , Jiang Wen , Li Guangqi , Cheng Xiaoguang , Guo Hua , Tian Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) has been shown useful to evaluate the spinal cord dysfunction, there are few prospective studies on analyzing the operation recovery of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) disease using NODDI. This study aims to investigate the preoperative evaluation and predictive ability of NODDI in DCM patients who received posterior cervical laminoplasty.MethodsThis prospective study included 55 patients with DCM from January to December 2017. NODDI metrics, including intracellular volume fraction (Vic), isotropic volume fraction (Viso), and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were measured at the maximally compressed (MC) level and the non‐compressed C2 level in each patient at the preoperative and the 3‐ and 6‐month postoperative follow‐up stages. Neurological function was assessed using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scoring system at each stage. Spearman's correlation and Kendall's tau‐b correlation were used to analyze the relationship between NODDI metrics and mJOA scores. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to examine the changes in the NODDI and mJOA scores between the preoperative and 6‐month follow‐up stages. ROC analysis was used to further evaluate the predictive capability.ResultsPreoperative Vic at the level of C2 has a significant correlation with the preoperative mJOA score (r = 0.278, p = 0.048). Vic and Viso at the MC level were significantly different between the preoperative period and 6‐month follow‐up. Viso at the MC level was correlated with the mJOA score at 6‐month follow‐up (r = −0.302, p = 0.044). Vic and ODI at the C2 level predicted the surgical prognosis, with areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of 0.663 (p = 0.042) and 0.716 (p = 0.014).ConclusionsThe preoperative NODDI metrics at the C2 level are capable of evaluating the severity of spinal cord dysfunction and predict the surgical outcome.
A Novel Anatomic Reconstruction for Posterior Tibialis Tendon in Treatment of Flexible Adult‐Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Hu Yong , Wang Yifan , Huang Zheng , Li Zhengxun , Xu Wenpeng , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Ning 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo present a novel approach for the anatomic reconstruction of the posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) in restoring plantar insertions and evaluate its efficiency in treating flexible adult‐acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) caused by PTT dysfunction.MethodsFor AAFD treatment, a novel PTT reconstruction method was presented. The current study involved 16 patients, including three men, and 13 women, from August 2017 to July 2019. The mean age was 43.2 ± 15.1 years (21–64 years). The innovative PTT repair method was used on all patients. The treatment involved performing a traditional Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) transfer in the navicular tuberosity and suturing the plantar insertions to FDL as tension was applied to tighten the plantar structures of the foot. The results were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), the satisfaction VAS, and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot scale (AOFAS‐AH). Isokinetic testing was performed using a dynamometer at 60°/s and 120°/s for inversion/eversion and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, respectively, to determine the mean peak torque. Radiographic measurements were employed to assess the outcomes.ResultsBone surgeries combined with the modified anatomic PTT reconstruction were performed on patients with medializing calcaneal osteotomy in 12 (75%) patients and subtalar joint fusion in four (25%) patients. The branch linking to the plantar insertions was detected in every case, with an average width of 3.5 ± 0.8 mm (3.1–4.3 mm). All patients were followed up for the mean of 16.8 ± 1.8 months (range, 15–20 months). The average postoperative functional scores, including pain VAS, satisfaction VAS, total AOFAS‐AH, and all AOFAS‐AH sub‐scales, steadily improved during the follow‐up. In the last follow‐up, isokinetic testing revealed no loss of plantarflexion strength (p = 0.350 and 0.098) and significant improvement in the inversion strength (p = 0.007 and 0.008) in the operated ankles at 60°/s and 120°/s. Radiographic outcomes, particularly the talar head uncovering, improved significantly after more than a year (p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsThe novel technique for PTT reconstruction in restoring the plantar insertions serves as an effective procedure in treating AAFD caused by PTT dysfunction in terms of delivering a consistent improvement in ankle inversion strength, medial longitudinal arch restoring, and satisfactory clinical outcomes.