bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a prolonged hardship reduce life span? Examining the longevity of young men who lived through the 1930s Great Plains drought
Authors: Atherwood Serge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Great Plains drought of 1931–1939 was a prolonged socio-ecological disaster with widespread impacts on society, economy, and health. While its immediate impacts are well documented, we know much less about the disaster’s effects on distal human outcomes. In particular, the event’s effects on later life mortality remain almost entirely unexplored. Closing this gap would contribute to our understanding of the long-term effects of place-based stress. To help fill this gap, I use a new, massive, linked mortality dataset to investigate whether young men’s exposure to drought and dust storms in 341 Great Plains counties was linked to a higher risk of death in early-old age. Contrary to expectations, results suggest exposure to drought conditions had no obvious adverse effect among men aged 65 years or older at time of death—rather, the average age at death was slightly higher than for comparable men without exposure. This effect also appears to have been stronger among Plainsmen who stayed in place until the drought ended. A discussion of potential explanations for these counterintuitive results is provided.
Die Rolle der Religion in der UNESCO-Bildungsarbeit. Normative und didaktische Impulse
Authors: Štimac Zrinka , Fehlhaber Anna Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWelche Rolle spielt Religion in der schulischen Bildung der Zukunft? Die UNESCO, die OSCE/ODIHR und der Europarat geben jeweils ihre eigenen Antworten. Seit 2009 und der Publikation „Human Rights Education in Schools of Europe, Central Asia and North America: A Compendium of Good Practice“ sind sie jedoch auch gemeinsam im globalen Bildungssegment aktiv. Wissend, dass die internationalen Akteure in einem gemeinsamen globalen Diskurs stehen, und ausgehend davon, dass die UNESCO die längste Tradition in der Auseinandersetzung mit Religion aufweist, wird in diesem Aufsatz die UNESCO-Arbeit im Hinblick auf Religion im schulischen Bildungssegment und in diachroner Perspektive qualitativ und quantitativ analysiert. Die Untersuchung ausgewählter normativer Dokumente, relevanter Bildungsprojekte und dazugehöriger Handbücher liefert Antworten auf die Fragen, mit welchen Religions- und Bildungsbegriffsbegriffen und mit welchen didaktischen Zugängen die UNESCO den Herausforderungen der globalen Welt begegnet.
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Albuminuria in Non-Diabetic Non-Hypertensive Patients with Severe Obesity: a Short-Term Outcome
Authors: Fathy Ehab , Aisha Hesham Ahmed Abou , Abosayed Amir K. , ElAnsary Ahmed Mohammed Salah Eldeen Othman , Al Aziz Ahmad Abd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. Despite the well-documented obesity association with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, its predisposition to albuminuria is not related to these comorbidities, and, in some times, its occurrence is independent of DM or hypertension.

Purpose of the study
The present study aimed to evaluate bariatric surgery effect on albuminuria in patients with severe obesity with no DM or hypertension.

Materials and methods
The study consisted of 137 patients with extreme obesity and albuminuria scheduled for bariatric surgery and did not have diabetes or hypertension. They underwent an assessment for 24-h urinary albumin at baseline (T0) and 6 months postoperatively (T2).

Results
Albuminuria remission occurred in 83% of patients; there was a statistically highly significant difference between the baseline and the 6-month postoperative in the 24-h urinary albumin assessment. Weight loss and BMI at T2 were independent predictors of albuminuria remission.

Conclusion
The current work emphasizes the importance and promising role of bariatric surgery as an effective weight reduction management method in improving albuminuria, an early sign of chronic kidney disease, and a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Treatment of Hypertension Among Non-Cardiac Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Chaganti Bhanu , Lange Richard A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides a contemporary perspective and approach for the treatment of hypertension (HTN) among patients hospitalized for non-cardiac reasons.

Recent Findings
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a common dilemma encountered by physicians, but guidelines are lacking to assist providers in managing hospitalized patients with elevated BP. Inpatient HTN is common, and management remains challenging given the paucity of data and misperceptions among training and practicing physicians. The outcomes associated with intensifying BP treatment during hospitalization can be harmful, with little to no long-term benefits. Data also suggests that medication intensification at discharge is not associated with improved outpatient BP control.

Summary
Routine inpatient HTN control in the absence of end-organ damage has not shown to be helpful and may have deleterious effects. Since routine use of intravenous antihypertensives in hospitalized non-cardiac patients has been shown to prolong inpatient stay without benefits, their routine use should be avoided for inpatient HTN control. Future large-scale trials measuring clinical outcomes during prolonged follow-up may help to identify specific circumstances where inpatient HTN control may be beneficial.
Intensive management of obesity in people with Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Proietto Joseph , Sumithran Priya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterised by childhood-onset hyperphagia and obesity however limited data are available to guide treatment of obesity in this population. We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intensive medical weight loss interventions (very-low-energy diets [VLED] and/or pharmacotherapy) in individuals with PWS attending a specialist obesity management service.

Methods
A retrospective audit was undertaken of individuals with PWS attending the Austin Health Weight Control Clinic between January 2010-April 2021. Main outcome measures were weight outcomes, duration of use, and adverse effects.

Results
Data were available for 18 patients, of whom 15 were treated with intensive weight loss interventions. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age at baseline was 20 years (19–32) with median body weight 90 kg (75–118) and BMI 37 kg/m2 (30–51). Median weight loss during VLED (n = 7) was 14 kg (1–20 kg) over 60 weeks. Median weight loss with phentermine-topiramate (n = 7) was 17 kg (IQR 9–19 kg) over 56 weeks. Median weight loss with liraglutide 0.6–3 mg (n = 7), prescribed with topiramate in 3 individuals, was 9 kg (2–14 kg) over 96 weeks. Naltrexone-bupropion resulted in weight loss in 2 of 4 individuals. Thirteen individuals achieved ≥10% weight loss but only 5 individuals maintained ≥10% weight loss at last follow-up. Five individuals discontinued pharmacotherapy due to adverse effects.

Conclusions
VLED and pharmacotherapy can achieve substantial weight loss in some individuals with PWS though non-adherence results in substantial weight regain. Adverse effects were ascribed to phentermine and topiramate, whereas liraglutide was well-tolerated in this population.
Hydraulic Opulence: Artesian Wells and bathing in Mexico, 1850–1900
Authors: Walsh Casey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBefore 1850 Mexico City’s scarce water resources were produced by a handful of nearby springs channeled through centuries-old city infrastructures to a limited number of taps in large houses and to public fountains that served the majority of the population. In the second half of the nineteenth century, artesian wells tapping the Valley of Mexico’s aquifers enabled landowners and businessmen to produce copious amounts of water almost anywhere with little effort. Private access to groundwater supplied newly built bathhouses and propelled changes to, and the rapid expansion of, social practices of bathing and swimming. This infrastructure, expanded supply, and new practices gave shape to a widely shared and historically durable assumption that there are no limits to the supply of water – what I call hydraulic opulence. After 1900 hydraulic opulence fueled soaring demand and continuous efforts by the state to expand hydraulic infrastructure and supply.
Research on bridge structure SAM based on real-time monitoring
Authors: Zhu Eryu , Bai Zhengwei , Zhu Li , Li Yujie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo study the problems of frequent omissions and false alarms in the early warning system due to defects in the safety assessment method (SAM) of the existing bridge health monitoring systems (BHMS). In this paper, the current safety evaluation methods of BHMS are deeply studied through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and derive a new type of bridge health monitoring system SAM based on the safety evaluation vector. At the same time, combined with the concept of membership function, the result vector is accurately quantified, and a specific evaluation method for evaluating the safety level of the bridge structure is obtained. Combining the data of the three bridge health detection systems of 3 × 30 m continuous girder bridge, simply supported beam bridge, and steel–concrete composite girder bridge in the Beijing Metro Line 5 project, the daily and monthly safety assessment results of the three BHMS were verified. The research results show that the structural SAM proposed in this paper can accurately and in real-time evaluate the safety status of small and medium-span simply supported bridge structures. However, for the evaluation of continuous girder bridges and composite girder bridges, it is necessary to make specific judgments based on the actual conditions of the bridges. Moreover, the research in this paper can also consolidate the theoretical foundation for establishing the bridge structure monitoring data, early warning model. The research method in this paper can promote the further development of the bridge structural health monitoring system.
3D curve regularization
Authors: Alvarez Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the regularization of 3D curves connecting two points. We propose an energy-based formulation which is an extension to 3D of the geodesic active contours introduced in 2D by Caselles et al. in 1997. By minimizing this energy we try to minimize the curve length but keeping the curve close to the original one. The energy depends on a regularization parameter which determines the smoothness of the regularized curve. We show the Euler-Lagrange equation of the proposed energy using the arc-length parameterization of the curve. We interpret the Euler-Lagrange equation in terms of the Frenet–Serret frame and we study some qualitative properties of the energy minima. We apply the steepest-descent method to approximate the local minima of the energy using an evolution equation. We propose a numerical scheme to solve the evolution equation and we present some experiments on real data in the context of aortic centerline regularization.
Wildfire, Smoke Exposure, Human Health, and Environmental Justice Need to be Integrated into Forest Restoration and Management
Authors: D’Evelyn Savannah M. , Jung Jihoon , Alvarado Ernesto , Baumgartner Jill , Caligiuri Pete , Hagmann R. Keala , Henderson Sarah B. , Hessburg Paul F. , Hopkins Sean , Kasner Edward J. , Krawchuk Meg A. , Krenz Jennifer E. , Lydersen Jamie M. , Marlier Miriam E. , Masuda Yuta J. , Metlen Kerry , Mittelstaedt Gillian , Prichard Susan J. , Schollaert Claire L. , Smith Edward B. , Stevens Jens T. , Tessum Christopher W. , Reeb-Whitaker Carolyn , Wilkins Joseph L. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Wood Leah M. , Haugo Ryan D. , Spector June T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewIncreasing wildfire size and severity across the western United States has created an environmental and social crisis that must be approached from a transdisciplinary perspective. Climate change and more than a century of fire exclusion and wildfire suppression have led to contemporary wildfires with more severe environmental impacts and human smoke exposure. Wildfires increase smoke exposure for broad swaths of the US population, though outdoor workers and socially disadvantaged groups with limited adaptive capacity can be disproportionally exposed. Exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with a range of health impacts in children and adults, including exacerbation of existing respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, worse birth outcomes, and cardiovascular events. Seasonally dry forests in Washington, Oregon, and California can benefit from ecological restoration as a way to adapt forests to climate change and reduce smoke impacts on affected communities.Recent FindingsEach wildfire season, large smoke events, and their adverse impacts on human health receive considerable attention from both the public and policymakers. The severity of recent wildfire seasons has state and federal governments outlining budgets and prioritizing policies to combat the worsening crisis. This surging attention provides an opportunity to outline the actions needed now to advance research and practice on conservation, economic, environmental justice, and public health interests, as well as the trade-offs that must be considered.SummaryScientists, planners, foresters and fire managers, fire safety, air quality, and public health practitioners must collaboratively work together. This article is the result of a series of transdisciplinary conversations to find common ground and subsequently provide a holistic view of how forest and fire management intersect with human health through the impacts of smoke and articulate the need for an integrated approach to both planning and practice.
Provability logic: models within models in Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Berarducci Alessandro , Mamino Marcello 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 1994 Jech gave a model-theoretic proof of Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem for Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory in the following form: $${{\,\mathrm{\mathrm {ZF}}\,}}$$

ZF

does not prove that $${{\,\mathrm{\mathrm {ZF}}\,}}$$

ZF

has a model. Kotlarski showed that Jech’s proof can be adapted to Peano Arithmetic with the role of models being taken by complete consistent extensions. In this note we take another step in the direction of replacing proof-theoretic by model-theoretic arguments. We show, without the need of formalizing the proof of the completeness theorem within $${{\,\mathrm{\mathrm {PA}}\,}}$$

PA

, that the existence of a model of $${{\,\mathrm{\mathrm {PA}}\,}}$$

PA

of complexity $$\Sigma ^0_2$$

Σ
2
0

is independent of $${{\,\mathrm{\mathrm {PA}}\,}}$$

PA

, where a model is identified with the set of formulas with parameters which hold in the model. Our approach is based on a new interpretation of the provability logic of Peano Arithmetic where $$\Box \phi $$

□
ϕ

is defined as the formalization of “$$\phi $$
ϕ
is true in every $$\Sigma ^0_2$$

Σ
2
0

-model”.
Andrological effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corona G. , Vena W. , Pizzocaro A. , Pallotti F. , Paoli D. , Rastrelli G. , Baldi E. , Cilloni N. , Gacci M. , Semeraro F. , Salonia A. , Minhas S. , Pivonello R. , Sforza A. , Vignozzi L. , Isidori A. M. , Lenzi A. , Maggi M. , Lombardo F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The short- and long-term andrological effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been clarified. Our aim is to evaluate the available evidence regarding possible andrological consequences of COVID-19 either on seminal or hormonal parameters. The safety of the COVID-19 vaccines in terms of sperm quality was also investigated.

Methods
All prospective and retrospective observational studies reporting information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) mRNA semen and male genitalia tract detection (n = 19), as well as those reporting data on semen analysis (n = 5) and hormonal parameters (n = 11) in infected/recovered patients without any arbitrary restriction were included.

Results
Out of 204 retrieved articles, 35 were considered, including 2092 patients and 1138 controls with a mean age of 44.1 ± 12.6 years, and mean follow-up 24.3 ± 18.9 days. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA can be localized in male genitalia tracts during the acute phase of the disease. COVID-19 can result in short-term impaired sperm and T production. Available data cannot clarify long-term andrological effects. Low T observed in the acute phase of the disease is associated with an increased risk of being admitted to the Intensive Care Unit or death. The two available studies showed that the use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines does not affect sperm quality.

Conclusions
The results of our analysis clearly suggest that each patient recovering from COVID-19 should be monitored to rule out sperm and T abnormalities. The specific contribution of reduced T levels during the acute phase of the infection needs to be better clarified.
The Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Childhood Trauma Exposure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland
Authors: Redican Enya , Murphy Jamie , McBride Orla , Bunting Lisa , Shevlin Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood trauma (CT) exposure is common, with many young people affected by multiple co-occurring traumas.

Methods
Participants were a representative sample of 11–19-year-olds (n = 1293), who participated in the largest ever representative survey of youth mental health in Northern Ireland (NI) – the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey 2020. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify typologies that were most representative of trauma experience and co-occurrence among young people living in NI. Demographic, parental and deprivation variables were then used within a multinomial logistic regression analysis to describe trauma class membership.

Results
Over 35% (n = 478) of participants reported exposure to at least one CT, with over 50% (n = 259) of trauma-exposed young people reporting multiple trauma exposure. LCA results provided support for a three-class model; ‘low-exposure’, ‘moderate-exposure: community-victimization’ and ‘high-exposure: sexual-trauma’. While none of the child, parental or familial covariates differentiated members of the ‘moderate-exposure: community-victimization’ from ‘low-exposure’, those in ‘high-exposure: sexual-trauma’ were over four and a half times more likely to belong to a family in receipt of income benefits and over ten times more likely to have experienced some form of out-of-home care.

Conclusions
This study highlights the presence of three distinct trauma classes in the NI adolescent population. In particular, this study identifies a small minority of young people who have experienced multiple CT’s, including sexually based traumas, with these traumas most likely to have occurred in the context of out-of-home care and familial poverty.
Algebraic properties of Levi graphs associated with curve arrangements
Authors: Pokora Piotr , Römer Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, we study algebraic properties of edge ideals associated with plane curve arrangements via their Levi graphs. Using combinatorial properties of such Levi graphs, we are able to describe those monomial algebras being Cohen–Macaulay, Buchsbaum, and sequentially Cohen–Macaulay. We also consider the projective dimension and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for these edge ideals. We provide effective lower and upper bounds on them. As a by-product of our study, we connect, in general, various Buchsbaum properties of squarefree modules.
A decomposition-based many-objective evolutionary algorithm with optional performance indicators
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Chaoli , Yu Haibo , Li Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvolutionary algorithms (EAs) have shown excellent performance for solving optimization problems with multiple objectives as they can get a set of compromising solutions on a single run. However, when the number of objectives increases, an efficient selection is significant to find a good set of solutions. In this paper, a decomposition-based many-objective evolutionary algorithm with optional performance indicators is proposed, in which the decomposition strategy is utilized to convert a many-objective optimization problem into a set of single-objective optimization problems, and the criterion to select a solution for the next generation along each reference is randomly set to convergence or diversity performance. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on two sets of benchmark problems, and the experimental results showed the efficiency of the proposed method compared with seven state-of-the-art MaOEAs.
Traffic and Pollution Modelling for Air Quality Awareness: An Experience in the City of Zaragoza
Authors: Ilarri Sergio , Trillo-Lado Raquel , Marrodán Lorena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAir pollution due to the presence of small particles and gases in the atmosphere is a major cause of health problems. In urban areas, where most of the population is concentrated, traffic is a major source of air pollutants (such as nitrogen oxides or$$\hbox {NO}_x$$NOxand carbon monoxide or CO). Therefore, for smart cities, carrying out an adequate traffic monitoring is a key issue, since it can help citizens to make better decisions and public administrations to define appropriate policies. Thus, citizens could use these data to make appropriate mobility decisions. In the same way, a city council can exploit the collected data for traffic management and for the establishment of suitable traffic policies throughout the city, such as restricting the traffic flow in certain areas. For this purpose, a suitable modelling approach that provides the estimated/predicted values of pollutants at each location is needed. In this paper, an approach followed to model traffic flow and air pollution dispersion in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) is described. Our goal is to estimate the air quality in different areas of the city, to raise awareness and help citizens to make better decisions; for this purpose, traffic data play an important role. In more detail, the proposal presented includes a traffic modelling approach to estimate and predict the amount of traffic at each road segment and hour, by combining historical measurements of real traffic of vehicles and the use of the SUMO traffic simulator on real city roadmaps, along with the application of a trajectory generation strategy that complements the functionalities of SUMO (for example, SUMO’s calibrators). Furthermore, a pollution modelling approach is also provided, to estimate the impact of traffic flows in terms of pollutants in the atmosphere: an R package calledVehicular Emissions INventories (VEIN)is used to estimate the amount of$$\hbox {NO}_x$$NOxgenerated by the traffic flows by taking into account the vehicular fleet composition (i.e., the types of vehicles, their size and the type of fuel they use) of the studied area. Finally, considering this estimation of$$\hbox {NO}_x$$NOx, a service capable of offering maps with the prediction of the dispersion of these atmospheric pollutants in the air has been established, which uses theGraz Lagrangian Model (GRAL)and takes into account the meteorological conditions and morphology of the city. The results obtained in the experimental evaluation of the proposal indicate a good accuracy in the modelling of traffic flows, whereas the comparison of the prediction of air pollutants with real measurements shows a general underestimation, due to some limitations of the input data considered. In any case, the results indicate that this first approach can be used for forecasting the air pollution within the city.