bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal remote sensing for plant ecology from leaf to globe
Authors: Farella Martha M. , Fisher Joshua B. , Jiao Wenzhe , Key Kesondra B. , Barnes Mallory L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Surface temperatures are mechanistically linked to vegetation biophysical and physiological processes. Although remote sensing in the thermal infrared (TIR) domain can offer novel insights into the impacts of changing surface temperatures on vegetation, the transformative potential of remote sensing for plant ecology has not yet been realized.

Remotely sensed surface temperatures can be used to derive stomatal behaviour and identify stressful environmental conditions in near‐real time. Plant species, traits and structural characteristics can be evaluated with high spectral resolution TIR emissivity.

Beyond canopy scales, thermal remote sensing can enhance the inferences obtained from manipulative experiments and empirical evidence, providing unique insight into shifts in species ranges and phenology with changing climate conditions.

Scaling leaf traits, canopy structure and regional patterns require an integrated understanding of both process and technology. Theory linking surface temperatures to vegetation dynamics is summarized from an energy balance perspective. We outline scaling considerations including the impacts of morphology on leaf energy balance, canopy structure influences on convective heat exchange and potential confounding impacts of non‐vegetated surfaces.

Synthesis. We introduce a unifying framework to link leaf to globe through thermal remote sensing. Recent and emerging advances in sensors, data availability and analytics, together with synergies between TIR remote sensing and other data sources, present a timely opportunity for ecologists to advance our understanding of plant physiology, ecology and biogeography with thermal remote sensing.
The Colorado River Basin Operational Prediction Testbed: A Framework for Evaluating Streamflow Forecasts and Reservoir Operations
Authors: Baker Sarah A. , Wood Andy W. , Rajagopalan Balaji , Prairie James , Jerla Carly , Zagona Edith , Butler Robert A. , Smith Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) plays a central management role in the Colorado River Basin (CRB), with an increasing focus on meeting the needs of stakeholders during the current drought. One aspect of this role involves generating five‐year projections of reservoir operating conditions in the federal multi‐reservoir system. These projections are the basis for estimating the probability of shortage conditions, which are relied on by stakeholders, and are particularly important during drought. Currently, Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) forecasts drive Reclamation's Colorado River Mid‐term Modeling System to produce probabilistic reservoir projections to be used in risk‐based analysis and decision support for the first two years of the outlook period. The lack of significant forecast skill beyond the first year motivates interest in alternative forecasting approaches. The CRB Operational Prediction Testbed was created to provide a quantitative and consistent framework for assessing the skill of streamflow forecasts and their impact on associated reservoir system projections. Reservoir system projections are evaluated by analyzing Lakes Powell and Mead operations, including projected pool elevation and operating tiers. In an initial application of this testbed, ESP forecasts were compared to experimental streamflow forecasts to assess their skill impact on two‐year reservoir projections, which are critical information for managing drought.
Using national data to model the New Zealand radiation oncology workforce
Authors: Dunn Alex , Costello Shaun , Imlach Fiona , Jo Emmanuel , Gurney Jason , Simpson Rose , Sarfati Diana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionDemand for radiation therapy is expected to increase over time. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the radiation oncology workforce experiences high numbers of clinical hours but an intervention rate that is lower than in comparable countries, suggesting unmet treatment need. Accurate models on the supply and demand for radiation oncologists (ROs) are needed to ensure adequate staffing levels.MethodsWe developed a demand model that predicted the future number of ROs required, using national data from the Radiation Oncology Collection (ROC) and a survey of ROs. Radiation therapy intervention and retreatment rates (IR/RTRs), and benign and non‐cancer conditions being treated, were derived from the ROC and applied to Census population projections. Survey data provided definitions of treatment by complexity, time spent in different activities and time available for work. Results were linked to radiation oncology workforce forecasts from a supply model developed by the Ministry of Health.ResultsThe demand model showed that 85 ROs would be needed in 2031, if current IR/RTRs were maintained, an increase from 68 in 2021. The supply model predicted a decrease in ROs over time, leaving a significant shortfall. Model parameters could be modified to assess the impact of workforce or practice changes; more ROs would be needed if average working hours reduced or IR/RTRs increased.ConclusionWorkforce models based on robust data collections are an important tool for workforce planning. The RO demand model presented here combines detailed information on treatment and work activities to provide credible estimates that can be used to inform actions on training, recruitment and retention.
Nursing in a different world: Remote area nursing as a specialist–generalist practice area
Authors: McCullough Kylie , Bayes Sara , Whitehead Lisa , Williams Anne , Cope Vicki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveRemote area nurses provide primary health care services to isolated communities across Australia. They manage acute health issues, chronic illness, health promotion and emergency responses. This article discusses why their generalist scope of practice should be formally recognised as a specialist nursing practice area.DesignConstructivist grounded theory, using telephone interviews (n = 24) with registered nurses and nurse practitioners.SettingPrimary health care clinics, in communities of 150–1500 residents across Australia.ParticipantsA total of 24 nurses participated in this study.ResultsNurses' perceived their clinical knowledge and skill as insufficient for the advanced, generalist, scope of practice in the remote context, especially when working alone. Experience in other settings was inadequate preparation for working in remote areas. Knowledge and skill developed on the job, with formal learning, such as nurse practitioner studies, extending the individual nurse's scope of practice to meet the expectations of the role, including health promotion.ConclusionRemote area nursing requires different knowledge and skills from those found in any other nursing practice setting. This study supports the claim that remote area nursing is a specialist–generalist role and presents a compelling case for further examination of the generalist education and support needs of these nurses. Combined with multidisciplinary collaboration, developing clinical knowledge and skill across the primary health care spectrum increased the availability of health resources and subsequently improved access to care for remote communities. Further research is required to articulate the contemporary scope of practice of remote area nurses to differentiate their role from that of nurse practitioners.
The association between inflammatory bowel disease and mental ill health: a retrospective cohort study using data from UK primary care
Authors: Umar Nosheen , King Dominic , Chandan Joht Singh , Bhala Neeraj , Nirantharakumar Krish , Adderley Nicola , Zemedikun Dawit T. , Harvey Phil , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundPatients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and mental illnesses experience worse IBD outcomes.AimTo describe the incidence of mental illnesses, including deliberate self‐harm, in IBD patients.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study using IQVIA medical research data of a primary care database covering the whole UK, between January 1995 and January 2021. IBD patients of all ages were matched 4:1 by demographics and primary care practice to unexposed controls. Following exclusion of patients with mental ill health at study entry, adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of developing depression, anxiety, deliberate self‐harm, severe mental illness and insomnia were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsWe included 48,799 incident IBD patients: 28,352 with ulcerative colitis and 20,447 with Crohn's disease. Incidence rate ratios of mental illness were higher in IBD patients than controls (all p < 0.001): deliberate self‐harm 1.31 (95% CI 1.16–1.47), anxiety 1.17 (1.11–1.24), depression 1.36 (1.31–1.42) and insomnia 1.62 (1.54–1.69). Patients with Crohn's disease were more likely to develop deliberate self‐harm HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.28–1.78), anxiety 1.38 (1.16–1.65), depression 1.36 (1.26–1.47) and insomnia 1.74 (1.62–1.86). Patients with IBD are at increased risk of deliberate self‐harm (HR 1.20 [1.07–1.35]). The incidence rate ratios of mental illnesses were particularly high during the first year following IBD diagnosis: anxiety 1.28 (1.13–1.46), depression 1.62 (1.48–1.77) and insomnia 1.99 (1.78–2.21).ConclusionDeliberate self‐harm, depression, anxiety and insomnia were more frequent among patients with IBD. IBD is independently associated with an increased risk of deliberate self‐harm.
Paradoxical reactions and biologic agents: a French cohort study of 9303 patients
Authors: Bataille Pauline , Layese Richard , Claudepierre Pascal , Paris Nicolas , Dubiel Julien , Amiot Aurélien , Sbidian Emilie ,   on behalf of the AP-HP/Universities/Inserm COVID-19 research collaboration and on behalf of the ‘Entrepôt de Données de Santé’ AP-HP consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundParadoxical reactions (PRs) are defined as the occurrence during biologic therapy of a pathological condition that usually responds to these drugs.ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of PRs and identify risk factors.MethodsMulticentre study of the database for the Greater Paris University Hospitals, including biologic-naive patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor-α, anti-interleukin-12/23, anti-interleukin-17 or anti-α4β7-integrin agents for psoriasis, inflammatory rheumatism or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We used natural language processing algorithms to extract data. A cohort and a case–control study nested in the cohort with controls selected by incidence density sampling was used to identify risk factors.ResultsMost of the 9303 included patients (median age 43·0, 53·8% women) presented an IBD (3773, 40·6%) or a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease (3708, 39·9%), and 8489 (91·3%) received anti-TNF-α agents. A total of 297 (3·2%) had a PR. The global incidence rate was 7·6 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 6·8–8·5]. The likelihood of PR was associated with IBD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·9, 95% CI 1·1–3·2, P = 0·021] and a combination of at least two inflammatory diseases (aOR 6·1, 95% CI 3·6–10·6, P &lt; 0·001) and was reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and corticosteroids (aOR 0·6, 95% CI 0·4–0·8, P = 0·002; and OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·2–0·6, P = 0·002, respectively).ConclusionsThe likelihood of PRs was associated with IBD or a combination of a least two inflammatory diseases. More studies are needed to assess the benefit of systematically adding csDMARDs for such high-risk patients.What is already known about this topic? Most published studies about paradoxical reactions concern paradoxical psoriasis in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents.Few data are available for other paradoxical reactions and the most recent biologics.What does this study add? Risk of paradoxical reactions was increased with inflammatory bowel disease and a combination of at least two inflammatory diseases.Risk of paradoxical reactions was reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or corticosteroid therapy, which could be added for high-risk patients.
Rab27a‐dependent exosomes protect against cerebral ischemic injury by reducing endothelial oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Ma Xiaotang , Zhao Jia , Li Suqing , Wang Yan , Liu Jinhua , Shi Yumeng , Liu Jiehong , Chen Yanyu , Chen Yanfang , Pan Qunwen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionMulticellular crosstalk within the brain tissue has been suggested to play a critical role in maintaining cerebral vascular homeostasis. Exosomes (EXs) mediated cell–cell communication, but its role in cerebral ischemic injury is largely unknown. Rab27a is one of the major genes controlling EX release. Here, we explored the role of Rab27a in regulating brain EXs secretion, and the effects of Rab27a‐mediated EXs on ischemia evoked cerebral vascular disruption and brain injury.MethodsCerebral ischemia was induced in Rab27a knockout (Rab27a−/−) and wide type (WT) mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Differential gene expression analysis was performed in ischemic brain tissue by using mRNA sequencing. EXs isolated from brain tissue of Rab27a−/− and WT mice (EXWT or EXRab27a−/−) were pre‐administrated into tMCAO operated Rab27a−/− mice or oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) treated primary brain vascular endothelial cells (ECs).ResultsWe demonstrated that Rab27a expression in the peri‐infarct area of brain was significantly elevated, which was associated with local elevation in EXs secretion. Rab27a deficiency dramatically decreased the level of EXs in brain tissue of normal and tMCAO‐treated mice, and Rab27a−/− mice displayed an increase in infarct volume and NDS, and a decrease in cMVD and CBF following tMCAO. Pre‐infusion of EXWT increased the brain EXs levels in the tMCAO operated Rab27a−/− mice, accompanied with an increase in cMVD and CBF, and a decrease in infarct volume, NDS, ROS production, and apoptosis. The effects of EXRab27a−/− infusion were much diminished although in a dose‐dependent manner. In OGD‐treated ECs, EXRab27a−/− showed less effectivity than EXWT in decreasing ROS overproduction and apoptosis, paralleling with down‐regulated expression of NOX2 and cleaved caspase‐3.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that Rab27a controls brain EXs secretion and functions, contributing to cerebral vascular protection from ischemic insult by preventing oxidative stress and apoptosis via down‐regulating NOX2 and cleaved caspase‐3 expression.
Formation of donor‐specific antibodies depends on the epitope load of mismatched HLAs in lung transplant recipients: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Lobashevsky Andrew , Niemann Matthias , Kowinski Brenda , Higgins Nancy , Abdel‐Wareth Laila , Atrabulsi Basel , Roe David , Hage Chadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) has a significant impact on graft outcome in solid organ transplantation. Mismatched HLAs are recognized directly and indirectly by the recipient immune system. Both pathways occur in parallel and result in the generation of plasma cells, DSA, cytotoxic and T helper lymphocytes. Here, we present the results of an analysis of the epitope load of mismatched HLAs in a cohort of 220 lung transplant recipients using two in silico algorithms, HLAMatchmaker and PIRCHE‐II (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes). De novo DSA (dnDSA) were detected by single antigen bead assays. The percentage of recipients who developed dnDSA was significantly higher in the group of patients who received lung transplants with a mismatching score above the detected threshold than in the group of patients who received lung transplants with a mismatching score below the threshold. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the PIRCHE‐II score appeared to be a superior predictor of dnDSA formation. In addition, PIRCHE‐II technology was shown to be useful in predicting separate dnDSA1 and dnDSA2 formation. We conclude that both algorithms can be used for the evaluation of the epitope load of mismatched HLAs and the prediction of DSA development in lung transplant recipients.
Influence of basic attributes and attitudes of nurses toward death on nurse turnover: A prospective study
Authors: Chang Wen‐Pei , Lin Yen‐Kuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFacing patient death is an unavoidable aspect of work for nurses working in healthcare settings. The attitudes of nurses toward death, however, can exert a negative psychological impact on themselves that can even cause them to quit this occupation.AimThe objective of this study was to explore the attitudes of nurses toward death, the factors influencing said attitudes, and whether nurses basic attributes and attitudes toward death were associated with their future turnover behavior.MethodA prospective study design was adopted. The recruitment period ran from October 2017 to March 2018. A total of 323 nurses completed a basic attributes survey as well as the Death Attitude Profile‐Revised questionnaire and were followed until May 30, 2021. The factors influencing turnover were then analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting in this study.ResultsAge was found to be significantly associated with fear of death and death avoidance. Compared with nurses with no religion, nurses who were Buddhists/Taoists were more inclined toward neutral acceptance in their attitude toward death, whereas those who were Christians/Catholics were more inclined toward escape acceptance. Nurses with less than three years of work experience were more likely to resign earlier than those with more than 3 years of work experience. Fear of death and approach acceptance could be used to predict turnover.ConclusionsYounger nurses were more likely to exhibit fear of death and escape behavior, and those with less work experience or a greater fear of death were more likely to resign. Nurses with religious beliefs could accept patient death more positively, whereas those who faced death with positive approach acceptance displayed reductions in turnover.Implication for nursing and health policyYounger nurses should receive more education regarding death early in their training. Hospitals should also offer more education from a religious aspect in order to reduce turnover.
Public and dental professionals' use of social media to discuss amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Henrick Victoria , Marks Samantha , Balmer Richard , Barber Sophy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is an inherited disorder of enamel development that is challenging to treat and often associated with negative patient and parental outcomes. Social media provides a valuable perspective on patients' and dental professionals' experience of AI and dental care.AimTo explore how the public and dental professionals use social media to discuss AI.DesignA cross‐sectional study involving a systemic search of eight social media platforms using the search term ‘amelogenesis imperfecta’. Relevant posts were selected using predefined eligibility criteria. Word content of eligible posts was qualitatively analysed using a thematic framework approach.ResultsA total of 555 posts were identified, of which 144 were eligible for analysis. For dental professionals, the posts included case reports and seeking and sharing of information. For the public, the posts were related to individuals' experience of AI, dental treatment and outcome of treatment.ConclusionsPosts from individuals affected by AI suggest a need for better distribution of reliable information and greater support. Case reports indicate that dental professionals find it challenging to recognise AI and determine appropriate treatment options. Social media could potentially be used to inform and support people with AI and allow dental professionals to share information and learning with peers.
Dental caries as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: An RT‐PCR study
Authors: Sruthi Maria Anthonet , Mani Geo , Ramakrishnan Mahesh , Selvaraj Jayaraman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFindings on the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity are conflicting. This bacterium can occur either transiently in the oral cavity or, in some situations, pose a threat to oral/gastric tissues.AimWe investigated the presence of H. pylori in deep carious lesions of children and assessed its association with dental status and caries severity.DesignThis cross‐sectional study involved 20 children aged 3–6 years attending the paediatric outpatient clinic. Demographic and oral hygiene‐related data were obtained from parents/caregivers. Caries status and severity were assessed using the DMFT and ICDAS II indices respectively. Dentine samples were collected and stored in phosphate‐buffered saline solution. These samples were assessed for H. pylori using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. DMFT and ICDAS II scores were compared between children with and without H. pylori.Results and conclusionH. pylori was detected in 70% of children with severe carious lesions (95% confidence interval: 46%–88%). The mean DMFT score was significantly higher in the group with H. pylori than in the group without (p = .001). The prevalence of H. pylori was greater in those with ICDAS II code 6 than in those with ICDAS II code 5 caries. Cavitated carious lesions can serve as a reservoir for H. pylori. Its presence was associated with higher caries status and caries severity (ICDAS II code 6). The presence of H. pylori in such cavities may tip the balance of plaque ecosystem in favour of Streptococcus mutans, the main bacterial source in dental caries.
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the Norwegian population, August 2021
Authors: Tunheim Gro , Rø Gunnar Øyvind Isaksson , Chopra Adity , Aase Audun , Kran Anne‐Marte Bakken , Vaage John Torgils , Lund‐Johansen Fridtjof , Hungnes Olav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne year into the COVID‐19 pandemic, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Norway was still low. In January 2021, when the Norwegian COVID‐19 vaccination campaign started, the national seroprevalence estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 3.2%. We have conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study in August 2021 to investigate the overall prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in Norway after 8 months of COVID‐19 mass vaccination and a third wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsResidual sera were collected from laboratories across Norway in August 2021. In IgG antibodies against the spike protein, the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured by a bead‐based flow cytometric assay.ResultsIn total, 1926 residual sera were collected from individuals aged 0–98 years; 55.1% were from women. The overall national estimated seroprevalence from vaccination and/or infection was 62.6% (credible interval [CrI] 60.1%–65.2%) based on having antibodies against both spike and RBD. Estimated seroprevalence increased with age. Among all samples, 11.7% had antibodies against nucleocapsid. For unvaccinated children <12 years, the seroprevalence estimate due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 12.5% (95% CrI 9.3%–16.1%). Of seropositive samples from the unvaccinated children, 31.9% lacked anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies.ConclusionsThe high overall SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence estimates are in line with Norwegian registry data. Vaccination, not infection, contributed the most to the high seroprevalence in August 2021. Lack of antibodies against nucleocapsid should not automatically be interpreted as absence of previous infection as this could lead to underestimation of COVID‐19 cases in seroprevalence studies.