bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular and potential molecular mechanisms underlying transovarial transmission of the obligate symbiont Sulcia in cicadas
Authors: Wang Dandan , He Hong , Wei Cong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVertical transmission of symbionts in insects is critical to persistence of symbioses across host generations. The key time point and related cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission in most insects remain unclear. Here, we reveal that in the bacteriome–endosymbiont system of the cicada Meimuna mongolica, the obligate symbiont Candidatus Sulcia muelleri (hereafter Sulcia) proliferates and migrates to the ovaries mainly after the adult emergence of cicadas. Sulcia cells swell to approximately twice their previous size with the outer membrane changed to be more irregular during this process. Almost all the Sulcia genes involved in biosynthesis of essential amino acids, heat shock protein, energy metabolism, DNA replication and repair and protein export were highly expressed in all life stages of cicadas. Among which, genes involved in DNA replication and synthesis of leucine and arginine were upregulated in the newly emerged adults relative to fifth‐instar nymphs. Signal transduction is the pronounced function exhibited in both Sulcia and the cicada bacteriomes in newly emerged adults. The results suggest host sensing of arginine and leucine integrate Sulcia's output of host‐EAAs into mTORC1 signalling. This study highlights the importance of signalling pathways in regulating the host/symbiont interaction and symbiont transmission in sap‐feeding auchenorrhynchous insects.
Size matters: Optimal management of dynamic systems with varying size
Authors: Ancev Tiho , Madhavan Karunagaran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany natural and economic systems are managed to deliver the highest benefits to society but are subject to regime shifts. We specifically consider the variability of the size of the system itself as a key driver of a regime shift. We address the question of how the optimal management of these systems should vary with its size. Put simply, certain management options might work when the system is of a given size, while others might be preferred when the system has grown or shrunk. In this paper, we develop a model that allows us to analyse the effect of the size of the system on its optimal management. We apply this model to a case of water pollution in a reservoir/lake that varies in size over time: sometimes the lake is deep and sometimes it is shallow. Numerical simulations were conducted to compare optimal management of the reservoir with and without explicitly modelling its size variation. The findings show that the overall social costs of optimally managing pollution are significantly smaller when the variability in size is taken into account. This is due to differences in the timing and magnitude of the optimal control. The key implication is that the variability of the size of a system should be explicitly considered in this type of management problems.
Positive FDG‐PET/CT uptake guiding diagnosis in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis: A case report
Authors: Bunnag Napisa , Phuangmali Kitwiwat , Vachatimanont Sira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicroscopic polyangiits (MPA) is an autoimmune vasculitis that is challenging to diagnose because it can present with myriad of manifestations. We present a case of a woman who presented with prolonged fever. Her diagnosis of MPA was realized after fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F‐18 FDG‐PET/CT) showed abnormal diffuse renal uptake in the cortex, leading to a kidney biopsy. Our report supported the value of FDG‐PET/CT as a diagnostic tool in a patient with febrile illness without localizing symptoms or signs.
Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin
Authors: Vreones Michael , Mustapic Maja , Moaddel Ruin , Pucha Krishna A. , Lovett Jacqueline , Seals Douglas R. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Martens Christopher R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeclining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration in the brain during aging contributes to metabolic and cellular dysfunction and is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging‐associated neurological disorders. Experimental therapies aimed at boosting brain NAD+ levels normalize several neurodegenerative phenotypes in animal models, motivating their clinical translation. Dietary intake of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR), is a safe and effective avenue for augmenting NAD+ levels in peripheral tissues in humans, yet evidence supporting their ability to raise NAD+ levels in the brain or engage neurodegenerative disease pathways is lacking. Here, we studied biomarkers in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin (NEVs) from 22 healthy older adults who participated in a randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover trial (NCT02921659) of oral NR supplementation (500 mg, 2x /day, 6 weeks). We demonstrate that oral NR supplementation increases NAD+ levels in NEVs and decreases NEV levels of Aβ42, pJNK, and pERK1/2 (kinases involved in insulin resistance and neuroinflammatory pathways). In addition, changes in NAD(H) correlated with changes in canonical insulin–Akt signaling proteins and changes in pERK1/2 and pJNK. These findings support the ability of orally administered NR to augment neuronal NAD+ levels and modify biomarkers related to neurodegenerative pathology in humans. Furthermore, NEVs offer a new blood‐based window into monitoring the physiologic response of NR in the brain.
Active approach in delivery room and survival of infants born between 22 and 26 gestational weeks are increasing in Spain
Authors: Porta Roser , García‐Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín , Avila‐Alvarez Alejandro , Ventura Paula Sol , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Ginovart Gemma ,   the SEN1500 Network of the Spanish Society of Neonatology, Spain
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the trends in the delivery room approach and survival of extremely premature infants over the past two decades.MethodsTime‐series analysis of infants included in the Spanish SEN1500 network from 2004 to 2019. Patients born from 22 + 0 to 26 + 6 weeks were included. The primary outcome was an active approach in the delivery room. Survival and temporal trends were also studied.ResultsThe study population included 8284 patients. At 22 and 23 weeks, an active approach was followed in 41.4% and 80.8%. A temporal trend toward a more active approach was observed at 23 weeks. Antenatal steroids were administered in 19.6% and 58.1% at 22 and 23 weeks. From 24 weeks, an active approach was applied in nearly all cases throughout the period, and more than 80% of patients received antenatal steroids. The rates of survival after an active approach were 8.7%, 21.6%, 40.6%, 59.9%, and 74.7% at 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 weeks and significantly increased over the period, except for infants born at 22 weeks.ConclusionActive management and survival of infants born from 23 weeks increased over the period, but the frequency of antenatal steroid administration was lower than the intention to resuscitate.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults
Authors: Jeong Sae Im , Kim Yun , Nah Jae Jin , Huh Wan , Jang In‐Jin , Hwang Jun Gi , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: December 2022

AimsDWP16001, a novel sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is under clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics interaction of DWP16001 with gemigliptin and metformin.MethodsA randomized, open‐label, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover study was conducted in 34 healthy male subjects. All subjects received a single oral dose of DWP16001 2 mg with and without gemigliptin and metformin (8 days of 50 mg once‐daily dose and 1000 mg twice daily dose for gemigliptin and metformin, respectively). Serial blood samples were collected for PK and serum glucose analysis, and timed urine samples were collected to analyse urine glucose excretion (UGE). The PK and pharmacodynamic parameters were analysed by the noncompartmental method.ResultsThe PK interactions of DWP16001, gemigliptin and metformin were not clinically significant. The geometric mean ratios (with 90% confidence intervals) of coadministration to separate administration for area under the time‐concentration curves were 1.04 (1.02–1.06), 1.03 (0.98–1.09) and 1.17 (1.12–1.22), for gemigliptin, metformin and DWP16001 respectively. The UGE induced by DWP16001 was not affected by the coadministration of gemigliptin and metformin.ConclusionThe results suggest that the DWP16001 could be added to metformin and gemigliptin combination therapy without dose adjustment.
Brain stimulation treatment for bipolar disorder
Authors: Mutz Julian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsBipolar disorders are clinically complex, chronic and recurrent disorders. Few treatment options are effective across hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed states and as continuation or maintenance treatment after initial symptom remission. The aim of this review was to provide an up‐to‐date overview of research on the efficacy, tolerability and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).MethodsReferences included in this review were identified through multiple searches of the Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO electronic databases for articles published from inception until February 2022. Published reviews, meta‐analyses, randomised controlled trials and recent studies were prioritised to provide a comprehensive and up‐to‐date overview of research on brain stimulation in patients with bipolar disorders.ResultsThe evidence base for brain stimulation as an add‐on or alternative to pharmacological and psychological treatments in patients with bipolar disorders is limited but rapidly expanding. Brain stimulation treatments represent an opportunity to treat all bipolar disorder states, including cognitive dysfunction during euthymic periods.ConclusionWhilst findings to date have been encouraging, larger randomised controlled trials with long‐term follow‐up are needed to clarify important questions regarding treatment efficacy and tolerability, the frequency of treatment‐emergent affective switches and effects on cognitive function.
Protective effect of a mitochondria‐targeting peptide against paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Itoh Kensaku , Shimoyama Megumi , Schiller Peter W. , Toyama Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major side effect of several anticancer agents including paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in cancer treatment. CIPN deteriorates patients' quality of life and compromises cancer treatment. Dysfunction or injury of mitochondria has been suggested to be involved in the induction of this neuropathy. SS‐20 is a tetrapeptide that targets mitochondria and restores mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study was aimed to examine the protective effect of SS‐20 against paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy using a murine model. Repeated administration of paclitaxel to mice induced peripheral neuropathy as demonstrated by the presence of mechanical allodynia and the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in the hind paw. Concomitant administration of SS‐20 protected against the development of the neuropathy. Our results suggest that SS‐20 may be a drug candidate for the prevention of CIPN.
Evaluation of out‐of‐pocket pay genetic testing in a publicly funded healthcare system
Authors: Grant Peter , Cook Courtney B. , Langlois Sylvie , Nuk Jennifer , Mung SzeWing , Zhang Qian ,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Lynd Larry D. , Austin Jehannine , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen genetic tests are not funded publicly, out‐of‐pocket (OOP) pay options may be discussed with patients. We evaluated trends in genetic testing and OOP pay for two publicly funded British Columbia clinical programs serving >12 000 patients/year (The Hereditary Cancer Program [HCP] and Provincial Medical Genetics Program [PMGP]) between 2015–2019. Linear and regression models were used to explore the association of OOP pay with patient demographic variables at HCP. An interrupted time series and linear and logistic regression models were used on PMGP data to examine the effect of a change in the funding body. The total number of tests completed through PMGP, and HCP increased by 260% and 320%, respectively. OOP pay increased at HCP by 730%. The mean annual income of patients who paid OOP at HCP was ≥$3500 higher than in the group with funded testing (p < 0.0001). The likelihood of OOP pay increased at PMGP before the funding body change (OR per month: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.10); while this likelihood had an immediate 87% drop when the change occurred (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.32). Patients with higher incomes are more likely to pay OOP. Financial barriers can create disparities in clinical outcomes. Funding decisions have a significant impact on rate of OOP pay.
Physiopathology of peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Stähli Alexandra , Imber Jean‐Claude , Sculean Anton , Roccuzzo Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant health is characterized by the absence of clinical signs of soft tissue inflammation. Peri‐implant diseases are initiated by the presence of bacterial biofilms and share a similar etiology as that involved in the onset of periodontal diseases.PurposeTo summarize available evidence on the physiopathology of peri‐implant diseases with emphasis on similarities and differences with periodontal diseases.Materials and MethodsEvidence on the biologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were explored in the recent scientific literature.ResultsFindings of studies in animals and in humans indicate that experimental peri‐implant mucositis leads to a larger inflammatory connective tissue infiltrate and to a higher frequency of bleeding sites around implants compared with teeth. Tissue destruction at experimental peri‐implantitis sites is more pronounced compared with that at experimental periodontitis sites. Although human periodontitis and peri‐implantitis lesions share similarities with respect to etiology and clinical features, they represent distinct entities from a physiopathologic point of view.ConclusionsDiagnosis of peri‐implant health requires a clinical examination to confirm absence of peri‐implant soft tissue inflammation. In order to make a correct diagnosis and select the appropriate therapeutic steps to manage peri‐implant diseases, knowledge of their pathogenetic mechanisms is required.
Aspiration versus stent retriever for posterior circulation stroke: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Xiumei , Xiong Yu , Huang Xinyue , Pan Zhigang , Kang Xiaodong , Chen Chunhui , Zhou Jianfeng , Wang Cui'e , Lin Shu , Hu Weipeng , Wang Lingxing , Zheng Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsNew thrombectomy strategies have emerged recently. Differences between posterior circulation stroke management via aspiration and stent retriever remain to be evaluated. We compared the safety and efficacy of aspiration and stent retriever in treating posterior circulation stroke.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for studies comparing aspiration and stent retriever in patients with posterior circulation stroke. The modified Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias. A random‐effects model was used.ResultsFifteen cohort studies with 1451 patients were included. Pooled results showed a significant difference in total complication (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.30, 0.76], p = 0.002). successful recanalization (1.85, [1.30, 2.64], p = 0.0006), favorable outcome (1.30, [1.02, 1.67], p = 0.04), procedure duration (−22.10, [−43.32, −0.88], p = 0.04), complete recanalization (4.96, [1.06, 23.16], p = 0.009), and first‐pass effect (2.59, [1.55, 4.32], p = 0.0003) between the aspiration and stent retriever groups, and in favor of aspiration. There was no significant difference in the outcomes of rescue therapy (1.42, [0.66, 3.05], p = 0.37) between the two groups.ConclusionPatients with posterior circulation stroke receiving treatment with aspiration achieved better recanalization, first‐pass effect, and shorter procedure time. Aspiration may be more secure than a stent retriever.
External Time Monitoring in Time‐Based Prospective Memory: An Integrative Framework
Authors: Munaretto Giulio , Stragà Marta , Mäntylä Timo , Mioni Giovanna , Missier Fabio Del 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe propose a new integrative framework of external time monitoring in prospective memory (PM) tasks and its relation with performance. Starting from existing empirical regularities and our theoretical analysis, the framework predicts that external monitoring in PM tasks comprises a first stage of loose monitoring to keep track of the passage of time, and a subsequent stage of finer‐grained monitoring, based on interval reduction, to meet the PM deadline. Following our framework, we predicted and observed in three different datasets (N = 375): (1) a marked increase in external monitoring frequency in the final part of the period of the PM task, well captured by a proportional rate exponential growth function; (2) a positive association between individual compliance with this monitoring pattern and PM performance; (3) a positive relation between monitoring frequency in the time window immediately preceding the PM deadline and PM performance at the individual level; and (4) good individual compliance with an interval reduction pattern in external monitoring, especially in the time window closer to the PM deadline. These results support the proposed integrative framework, which has the potential to foster future research on external monitoring in PM and in other fields of cognitive science.
Multi‐armed bandit heterogeneous ensemble learning for imbalanced data
Authors: Dai Qi , Liu Jian‐wei , Yang Jiapeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the most widely used approaches to the class‐imbalanced issue is ensemble learning. The base classifier is trained using an unbalanced training set in the conventional ensemble learning approach. We are unable to select the best suitable resampling method or base classifier for the training set, despite the fact that researchers have examined employing resampling strategies to balance the training set. A multi‐armed bandit heterogeneous ensemble framework was developed as a solution to these issues. This framework employs the multi‐armed bandit technique to pick the best base classifier and resampling techniques to build a heterogeneous ensemble model. To obtain training sets, we first employ the bagging technique. Then, we use the instances from the out‐of‐bag set as the validation set. In general, we consider the basic classifier combination with the highest validation set score to be the best model on the bagging subset and add it to the pool of model. The classification performance of the multi‐armed bandit heterogeneous ensemble model is then assessed using 30 real‐world imbalanced data sets that were gathered from UCI, KEEL, and HDDT. The experimental results demonstrate that, under the two assessment metrics of AUC and Kappa, the proposed heterogeneous ensemble model performs competitively with other nine state‐of‐the‐art ensemble learning methods. At the same time, the findings of the experiment are confirmed by the statistical findings of the Friedman test and Holm's post‐hoc test.
A rare presentation of pemphigus vegetans as an isolated vegetative lesion—Review of histopathological clues and treatment effects in multiple biopsy specimens
Authors: Ng Joanna Ka Man , Cheung Christina Man‐Tung , Choi Paul Cheung Lung , Ip Edric Chi‐Ching , Li Joshua Jing Xi , Chan Agnes Wai Sze 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus is a group of immunobullous dermatoses characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against adhesion molecules of keratinocytes, with pemphigus vegetans being the rarest form, accounting for 1%–2% of all cases of pemphigus. Pemphigus vegetans is characterized by verrucous vegetative lesions in addition to vesiculobullous lesions.MethodsWe report a rare case of pemphigus vegetans presenting as an isolated vegetative lesion in the groin 3 months prior to the development of blisters. Owing to the atypical presentation, multiple biopsies were performed before and after corticosteroid treatment.ResultsComparing the histopathology of pre‐treatment and post‐treatment biopsy specimens, the resolution of intraepidermal microabscesses, and reduction in intraepidermal and dermal inflammatory infiltrates, spongiosis and interface change, attributable to treatment, were noted. However, direct immunofluorescence showed persistent intracellular intraepidermal deposition of IgG and C3 2 weeks into treatment, despite near‐complete resolution of blisters on clinical examination. Clinical regression of the vegetative lesion was noted only after 6 weeks into corticosteroid treatment, while histopathological evidence of treatment was apparent at the second week.ConclusionThe current case illustrates the importance of a liberal use of immunofluorescence studies in establishing the uncommon yet significant diagnosis of pemphigus vegetans, particularly for vegetative lesions that are persistent, in the intertriginous areas and/or in the setting of concurrent cutaneous or mucosal symptoms.
Reduced resilience of brain state transitions in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: von Schwanenflug Nina , Ramirez‐Mahaluf Juan P. , Krohn Stephan , Romanello Amy , Heine Josephine , Prüss Harald , Crossley Nicolas A. , Finke Carsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients with anti‐N‐methyl‐aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor encephalitis suffer from a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, yet most patients show no abnormalities in routine magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast, advanced neuroimaging studies have consistently identified disrupted functional connectivity in these patients, with recent work suggesting increased volatility of functional state dynamics. Here, we investigate these network dynamics through the spatiotemporal trajectory of meta‐state transitions, yielding a time‐resolved account of brain state exploration in anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis. To this end, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 73 patients with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis and 73 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Time‐resolved functional connectivity was clustered into brain meta‐states, giving rise to a time‐resolved transition network graph with states as nodes and transitions between brain meta‐states as weighted, directed edges. Network topology, robustness and transition cost of these transition networks were compared between groups. Transition networks of patients showed significantly lower local efficiency (t = −2.41, pFDR = .029), lower robustness (t = −2.01, pFDR = .048) and higher leap size (t = 2.18, pFDR = .037) compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio of within‐to‐between module transitions and state similarity was significantly lower in patients. Importantly, alterations of brain state transitions correlated with disease severity. Together, these findings reveal systematic alterations of transition networks in patients, suggesting that anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis is characterized by reduced stability of brain state transitions and that this reduced resilience of transition networks plays a clinically relevant role in the manifestation of the disease.