bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint analysis reveals sources of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils of different geographical oilfields of China and its ecological assessment
Authors: Liu Qinglong , Xia Chunqing , Wang Lan , Tang Jingchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe distribution and characteristics of petroleum in three different geographic oilfields in China: Shengli Oilfield (SL), Nanyang Oilfield (NY), and Yanchang Oilfield (YC) were investigated. The average concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) conformed to be in the following law: SL Oilfield > NY Oilfield > YC Oilfield. Fingerprint analysis on the petroleum contamination level and source was conducted by the geochemical indices of n-alkanes and PAHs, such as low to high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) hydrocarbons, n-alkanes/pristine or phytane (C17/ Pr, C18/Ph), and ratio of anthracene/ (anthracene + phenanthrene) [Ant/(Ant + Phe)]. Soils adjacent to working well oils indicated new petroleum input with higher ratio of low to high molecular weight (LMW/HMW) hydrocarbons. The oil contamination occurred in the grassland soils might result of rainfall runoff. Petroleum source, petroleum combustion source, and biomass combustion were dominant PAHs origination of soils collected from oil exploitation area, petrochemical-related sites, farmland and grassland, respectively. The suggestive petroleum control strategies were proposed in each oilfield soils. Ecological potential risk of PAHs was assessed according to the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of seven carcinogenic PAHs. The results showed that high, medium, and low ecological risk presented in petro-related area, grassland soils, and farmland soils, respectively. High ecological risk was persistent in abandoned oil well areas over abandoned time of 15 years, and basically stable after 5 years. This study can provide a critical insight to ecological risk management and source control of the petroleum contamination.
Assessment of a cancer genomic profile test for patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Fukada Ippei , Mori Seiichi , Hayashi Naomi , Hosonaga Mari , Yamazaki Masumi , Wang Xiaofei , Kawai Saori , Inagaki Lina , Ozaki Yukinori , Kobayashi Kokoro , Hara Fumikata , Kobayashi Takayuki , Ueki Arisa , Osako Tomo , Tonooka Akiko , Takeuchi Kengo , Ueno Takayuki , Takano Toshimi , Ohno Shinji , Takahashi Shunji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComprehensive cancer genomic profile (CGP) tests are being implemented under Japanese universal health insurance system. However, the clinical usefulness of CGP test for breast cancer patients has not been evaluated. Of the 310 patients who underwent CGP testing at our institution between November 2019 and April 2021, 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer whose treatment strategy was discussed by our molecular tumor board within the study period were investigated after exclusion of 2 cases that could not be analyzed. The turn-around time, drug accessibility, and germline identification detection were evaluated. The subtype was luminal in 20 patients (57.1%), triple-negative in 12 patients (34.3%), and luminal-HER2 in 3 patients (8.6%). Actionable gene mutations were detected in 30 patients (85.7%), and 7 patients (20.0%) were recommended for clinical trial participation, with the drug administered to 2 patients (5.7%). Three patients (8.6%) died due to disease progression before the test results were disclosed. We report the results of an initial assessment of the utility of CGP testing for patients with metastatic breast cancer under Japanese universal health insurance system. Conducting CGP tests at a more appropriate time could provide patients with greater benefit from treatments based on their specific gene mutations.
Identification of co-expression hub genes for ferroptosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis and The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data
Authors: Li Shengxian , Xu Ximei , Zhang Ruirui , Huang Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRenal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Ferroptosis is a major mechanism of tumor occurrence and development, as well as important for prognosis and treatment of KIRC. Here, we conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify KIRC hub genes that target ferroptosis. By Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 11 co-expression-related genes were screened out. According to Kaplan Meier's survival analysis of the data from the gene expression profile interactive analysis database, it was identified that the expression levels of two genes, PROM2 and PLIN2, are respectively related to prognosis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PROM2 and PLIN2 may be effective new targets for the treatment and prognosis of KIRC.
A robust statistic‐aided edge detector for SAR images based on RUSTICO
Authors: Li Jiamu , Yu Wenbo , Wang Zijian , Luo Yunhua , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpeckle noise exists inherently due to the special imaging mechanism of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which is a challenge for edge extraction. The traditional methods failed to make full use of statistical characteristics of SAR images to detect the edges, which results in the loss of weak edges. To address this issue, combined with the robust inhibition‐augmented curvilinear operator, this letter proposes a novel edge detector based on the ratio of local statistics (ROLSS) for SAR images. In this letter, the proposed detector achieves the balance between edge resolution and speckle suppression through the proposed intensity calculation method. By taking advantage of image statistic characteristics, the proposed ROLSS edge detector can draw complete continuous edges of many shapes areas and textures without any post‐processing, such as edge thinning, extension, and so on. Experiment results show that the proposed detector yields more accurate edge maps with fewer false and missed pixels, and it holds robustness both in the speckle‐polluted simulated image and the real X‐band airborne SAR image.
Auf der Suche nach dem Heiligen Gral – Wirkfaktoren der
Gruppenpsychotherapie
Authors: Mattke Dankwart , Weber Rainer 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungStellen Sie sich vor, Sie müssten jemandem, der keine Kenntnis
über Gruppenpsychotherapie hat, erklären, was das
überhaupt ist. „Nichts leichter als das“, könnte
man antworten: Etwa 4–9 Patienten treffen sich in
regelmäßigen Abständen mit einem
Gruppenpsychotherapeuten. Sie sitzen im Kreis und sprechen über ihre
Probleme und Gefühle. Sie lachen miteinander, manche weinen, manche
sagen nicht viel, andere mehr und am Ende geht es den meisten Patienten viel
besser als vorher. Ihr Gegenüber fragt nach: „Das hört
sich spannend an. Aber wie funktioniert das denn? Wenn es ein Medikament
wäre, was wäre das für ein Wirkstoff?“
Territorial variation in territorial representation: the local base of Westminster MPs
Authors: Stolz Klaus , Linhart Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTerritorial representation, the representation of local entities in the Westminster Parliament, lies at the heart of British democracy. In the recent academic debate, it has been asked whether local representation also needs a local representative and which specific characteristics would constitute ‘localness’ in this context. Investigating the biographies of 1108 Westminster MPs between 2010 and 2019 and exploring different dimensions of local base, this study examines the extent to which the demand for a local representative is actually fulfilled in the British Parliament. We discover a slow yet stable increase in the descriptive representation of the local (DRL) over time as well as notable variations across party and regions, especially among the constituent nations of the United Kingdom. Applying a genuine territorial perspective to our results, we link the detected DRL increase to the general territorialisation of politics in the UK. The fact that the political divergence of its constituent parts affects even the implementation of a core principle of British democracy is finally depicted as another indicator of the deep territorial divisions pervading British politics.
Characterisation of biochar produced from two types of chestnut shells for use in remediation of cadmium- and lead-contaminated soil
Authors: Zhou Pingfan , Adeel Muhammad , Guo Manlin , Ge Ling , Shakoor Noman , Li Mingshu , Li Yuanbo , Wang Guiyun , Rui Yukui 
Published: March 2022

China is the major producer of chestnut, with 1.84 million tons of chestnut production, resulting in an enormous waste of chestnut shells. In the current study, shell biochar (SBC) was produced using the inside shell covering fruit, and the outside shell with thorns was used to produce thorn biochar (TBC). Both types of biochar were characterised through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). These analytical results showed a more obvious smooth surface and micro-pore structure in SBC. The vibration of C=O/C=C and C–O (phenolic) showed a significant difference between the two types of biochar. Sorption experiments indicated that the adsorption capacity of the different types of biochar for cadmium (Cd) did not differ significantly, whereas the adsorption capacity of TBC for lead was better than that of SBC. In the pakchoi cultivation experiment (28 days), the application of TBC (1.5%) promoted plant shoot weight, root weight, shoot length and root length by 465%, 143%, 109% and 97% respectively. The application of biochar effectively increased soil pH and reduced the bioavailability and migration of heavy metals. Besides, membrane integrity and chlorophyll content were enhanced because of the alleviation of oxidative stress. Noticeably, application of TBC (0.1% and 1.5%) reduced the Cd concentration in the root by 40–60%, and enhanced accumulation of Pb by 75–191%. Overall, our study demonstrated that 1.5% TBC has promising potential for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. Our study has demonstrated the remediation potential of chestnut and provided a clue for sustainable management of chestnut shell waste for further development of chestnut resources.
Cx43 hemichannels contribute to astrocyte-mediated toxicity in sporadic and familial ALS
Authors: Almad Akshata A. , Taga Arens , Joseph Jessica , Gross Sarah K. , Welsh Connor , Patankar Aneesh , Richard Jean-Philippe , Rust Khalil , Pokharel Aayush , Plott Caroline , Lillo Mauricio , Dastgheyb Raha , Eggan Kevin , Haughey Norman , Contreras Jorge E. , Maragakis Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Our results demonstrate that connexin 43 hemichannels are the conduits for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity and disease spread, acting as a common mechanism that can target both familial ALS and sporadic ALS populations. Furthermore, our present work provides proof of principle that tonabersat, as a drug already studied in clinical trials for other indications, could serve as a potential ALS therapeutic.
A microfluidic device for real-time on-demand intravenous oxygen delivery
Authors: Vutha Ashwin Kumar , Patenaude Ryan , Cole Alexis , Kumar Rajesh , Kheir John N. , Polizzotti Brian D. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe treatment of hypoxemia that is refractory to the current standard of care is time-sensitive and requires skilled caregivers and use of specialized equipment (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Most patients experiencing refractory hypoxemia will suffer organ dysfunction, and death is common in this cohort. Here, we describe a new strategy to stabilize and support patients using a microfluidic device that administers oxygen gas directly to the bloodstream in real time and on demand using a process that we call sequential shear-induced bubble breakup. If successful, the described technology may help to avoid or decrease the incidence of ventilator-related lung injury from refractory hypoxemia.
Drosophilafemales have an acoustic preference for symmetric males
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan Kumar , Narasimha Sunitha , Steinfath Elsa , Clemens Jan , Leopold Pierre 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceTheoretically, symmetry in bilateral animals is subject to sexual selection, since it can serve as a proxy for genetic quality of competing mates during mate choice. Here, we report female preference for symmetric males inDrosophila, using a mate-choice paradigm where males with environmentally or genetically induced wing asymmetry were competed. Analysis of courtship songs revealed that males with asymmetric wings produced songs with asymmetric features that served as acoustic cues, facilitating this female preference. Females experimentally evolved in the absence of mate choice lost this preference for symmetry, suggesting that it is maintained by sexual selection.
The surprising underperformance of East Asians in US law and business schools: The liability of low assertiveness and the ameliorative potential of online classrooms
Authors: Lu Jackson G. , Nisbett Richard E. , Morris Michael W. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceTo date, researchers and practitioners have focused on the academic challenges of underrepresented ethnic groups in the United States. In comparison, Asians have received limited attention, as they are commonly assumed to excel across all educational stages. Six large studies challenge this assumption by revealing that East Asians (but not South Asians) underperform in US law schools and business schools. This is not because East Asians are less academically motivated or less proficient in English but because their low verbal assertiveness is culturally incongruent with the assertiveness prized by US law and business schools. Online classes (via Zoom) mitigated East Asians’ underperformance in courses emphasizing assertiveness and class participation. Educators should reexamine pedagogical practices to create a culturally inclusive classroom.
Posterior parietal cortex predicts upcoming movement in dynamic sensorimotor control
Authors: Li Yuhui , Wang Yong , Cui He 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Most studies in sensorimotor neurophysiology have utilized reactive movements to stationary goals pre-defined by sensory cues, but this approach is fundamentally incapable of determining whether the observed neural activity reflects current sensory stimuli or predicts future movements. In the present study, we recorded single-neuron activity from behaving monkeys engaged in a dynamic, flexible, stimulus-response contingency task that enabled us to distinguish activity co-varying with sensory inflow from that co-varying with motor outflow in the posterior parietal cortex.
Retour sur la définition des noms propres
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: March 2022

RésuméLes nombreux travaux réalisés ces vingt dernières années sur les noms propres se sont avant tout attachés à mettre en relief leur diversité formelle et sémantique et leur fonctionnement discursif complexe. Avec comme conséquences, non seulement celle de reléguer au second plan la question définitoire des noms propres qui agitait auparavant le monde philosophico-logico-linguistique, mais aussi celle de la présenter comme dépassée, la distinction nom propre / nom commun n’étant plus qu’une opposition graduelle. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de revenir sur la question de la définition des noms propres avec comme principal objectif de montrer que la distinction nom propre / nom commun n’est pas affaire de continuité, mais représente bien une différence de dénomination qui s’avère capitale, parce qu’elle reflète une différence ontologique basique entre catégories et particuliers ou individus.
Demonstrating the use of a framework for risk-informed decisions with stakeholder engagement through case studies for NORM and nuclear legacy sites
Authors: Branko Kontić , Paul Black , Simon French , Alan Paulley , Ming Zhu , Tamara Yankovich , Michael Webster , Stephane Pepin , Tine Bizjak , Marko Bohanec 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe international community has come a long way in developing a consensus that the remediation and management of naturally occurring radioactive materials and nuclear legacy sites will benefit from the use of the framework for risk-informed decision-making. Such a framework should ideally integrate risk assessment and decision-making. The framework presented in this paper specifically addresses the needs and expectations in the wider socio-economic and environmental context, as well as a narrower human health context. The framework was demonstrated as part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s second Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments Programme. Three case studies, which have used or could use this integrative approach, are used for illustration. The first concerns remediation from uranium mining activities at Beaverlodge Lake in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, engaging stakeholders (also called ‘interested parties’) in the decision-making process on further options. The second case study suggests how decision analysis could support the selection of the best option for waste disposal for uranium ore processing at Žirovski vrh, Slovenia, taking into account a potential landslide and migration of waste throughout the adjacent valley in the event of flooding. The third case study presents the process and results of radiological safety assessment of the Kepkensberg sludge basin in Tessenderlo area, Belgium both before and after the disposal of material from remediation of the nearby Winterbeek River. It illustrates how such assessments could interface with decision analysis for the purpose of supporting the regulatory decisions related to future approval of a waste disposal option. Results show that formal stakeholder engagement in decision analysis provides a strong contribution to objective, robust, and transparent decision-making not only for radiation protection area but also in others where health and environmental impacts are of concern. A number of recommendations for future work have also been made.
Training low dose CT denoising network without high quality reference data
Authors: Jing Jie , Xia Wenjun , Hou Mingzheng , Chen Hu , Liu Yan , Zhou Jiliu , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Currently, the field of low-dose CT (LDCT) denoising is dominated by supervised learning based methods, which need perfectly registered pairs of LDCT and its corresponding clean reference image (normal-dose CT). However, training without clean labels is more practically feasible and significant, since it is clinically impossible to acquire a large amount of these paired samples. In this paper, a self-supervised denoising method is proposed for LDCT imaging. Approach. The proposed method does not require any clean images. In addition, the perceptual loss is used to achieve data consistency in feature domain during the denoising process. Attention blocks used in decoding phase can help further improve the image quality. Main results. In the experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed self-supervised framework and compare our method with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods. The results show that our proposed model achieves competitive performance in both qualitative and quantitative aspects to other methods. Significance. Our framework can be directly applied to most denoising scenarios without collecting pairs of training data, which is more flexible for real clinical scenario.
Radial coordinate maps, radial vectors, and binormal vectors for 5/6, 5/5 and 5/4 edge island domains in W7-X
Authors: Schmitt J C , Kriete D M , Andreeva T , Geiger J , Grahl M , Schilling J , Thomsen H , Flom E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The edge island domain in Wendelstein 7-X consists of divertor islands whose position coincide with the location of rational values of the rotational transform

-

ι
≈
(
5

/

6
,
5

/

5
,
5

/

4
)

and surround the main confinement volume (the ‘main plasma’), providing the magnetic topology for an island divertor. The 5/5 edge consists of five individual islands that are unconnected. In contrast, a single island connects onto itself after 6 or 4 toroidal transits in the 5/6 or 5/4 edge, respectively. Many interesting phenomena are related to these islands and diagnostic analyses require a mapping from ‘laboratory’ or real space coordinates to the island coordinate system (ICS). A procedure is described here to calculate several scalar and vector quantities for closed island structures which can be utilized in fast interpolation schemes for inverse maps. For the 5/5 edge, a fixed-boundary vacuum (zero beta) magneto-hydrodynamic solution of the 5/5 island is found with the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code, VMEC. The solution is compatible with already existing routines which determine the radial and binormal vectors of VMEC solutions at arbitrary laboratory coordinates. VMEC does not support solutions for the 5/4 and 5/6 islands, but the radial and binormal vectors are available in a local 2D Fourier ICS.
Photoluminescence of an InSb layer on a germanium substrate
Authors: Gozu Shin-Ichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
InSb layers on germanium (Ge) substrates were studied and compared with those on GaAs substrates. InSb layers were grown via molecular beam epitaxy, and their crystalline and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. As the growth of InSb on Ge represents the growth of a polar semiconductor on a nonpolar semiconductor, the polarity of InSb was controlled through the soaking of the group-V element and/or migration-enhanced epitaxy at the initial growth stage and using a misoriented substrate. The insertion of a GaAs buffer layer between InSb and Ge was found to considerably improve the surface quality of the InSb layer. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the InSb layer grown on the misoriented substrate exhibited a better crystalline quality when it was tilted. However, one exception was observed. The origin of the tilt was discussed. By analyzing the PL emissions from the InSb layers, it was found that the intensities of the InSb peaks were strongly related to the crystalline quality. The PL emission from an InSb layer grown on Ge was successfully observed for the first time. However, the PL emission from the InSb layer grown on Ge was slightly weaker than that from InSb layers grown on GaAs substrates.
Investigation of the flux dynamics in KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal by ac susceptibility measurements
Authors: Gao Li-Xin , Wang Teng , Xiao Qi-Ling , Lu Wen-Lai , Chen Fei , Mu Gang , Ge Jun-Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Systematic ac susceptibility measurements have been performed to study the flux dynamics in a high quality KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal. The irreversible line in the vortex diagram is closed to the

H

c
2

(T) line suggesting the strong intrinsic pinning in this material. The critical field

H

c
r

= 0.4 T between single vortex pinning state and collective pinning state is obtained according to thermally activated flux creep model. The abnormal behavior in the single vortex pinning region that the activation energy U follows a

∼

H

−
0.53

dependence might arise from the planar defects of submicron scale. The strong field dependences of the activation energy in both regions suggest that artificial pinning centers are needed to enhance the pinning for practical applications. Moreover, the field and current density dependences of the activation energy at relatively high fields are determined as U(J,

H

d
c

)

∝

J

−
0.26

H

−
1.2

.