bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous intrapleural rupture of mediastinal teratoma in child
Authors: Trabelsi Ines , Zarrad Marwa , Ben Romdhane Manel , Boudaya Sadok , Khalsi Fatma , Boussetta Khedija 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Mediastinal teratomas are rare in children. Nevertheless, they represent the most frequent mediastinal germ cell tumor. Most often, they are discovered incidentally in older children or adolescents on chest X-ray. There are other signs of discovery but less frequent: chest pain, hemoptysis and signs of mediastinal compression. Rupture into pleural space, pericardium or tracheobronchial tree are exceptional.
Case presentation: We report the case of 7-years old girl admitted for chest pain. The chest x-ray showed a mediastinal mass with calcifications and pleural effusion. Chest CT scan revealed a well limited heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass with calcifications and a left pleural effusion. She underwent a median sternotomy and the tumor was completely excised. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mature teratoma.
Conclusion: Intrapleural rupture is a rare complication of mature teratoma. Calcifications on chest imaging in afebrile children with pleural effusion should be suspected of mediastinal teratoma.
Keyswords: Teratoma; tumor; mediastinum; child; rupture.
Association between serum lipid profile, body mass index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Sudanese women
Authors: Osman Alfahal Asgad , Eltoum Ali Abdalla , Osman Modawe Gadallah , Mohialddin Doush Wael 
Published: November 2022

Background: Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI).
Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16.
Results: The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the controlgroup, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson’s correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01).
Conclusions: Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.
Keywords: Osteoporosis; Postmenopausal women; Serum lipid profile; Sudan.
Surgical management of camel-related craniofacial injuries
Authors: Balac Korana , A Al-Ali Mohamed , F Hefny Ashraf , K Mohamed Baraa , M Abu-Zidan Fikri 
Published: November 2022

Background: There are no studies focused on the types and management of camel-related craniofacial injuries.
Objectives: We aimed to analyze the pattern of injuries that required surgical management and their specific operative treatment.
Methods: We prospectively collected data of all patients who were admitted to Al Ain Hospital with camel-related craniofacial injuries that were treated operatively during the period of January 2015 to January 2020.
Results: Eleven patients were studied; all were males having a median (range) age of 29 (19–66) years. Falling from a camel was the most common mechanism of injury (45.5 %) followed by camel bite (36.4 %). The most common injured region was the middle third of the face, which accounted for 56.5% of the bony fractures. Zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures were present in 60% of patients who fell while riding a camel. The most common surgical procedure performed in our patients was an open reduction with internal fixation (54.5%). There was no mortality.
Conclusions: camel-related craniofacial injuries are complex. The main mechanism of injury is falling from a camel on the face causing fractures of the zygomatico-maxillary complex. These fractures usually need open reduction with internal fixation. Taking safety precautions may help in injury prevention.
Keywords: Camel; face injury; head injury; surgery.
Evaluation of treatment efficacy after switching to dolutegravir-lamivudine dual therapy in people living with HIV
Authors: Ergen Pınar , Bektas Begüm , Aydın Özlem , Keskin Havva , Canan Üçışık Ayşe , Yılmaz Karadağ Fatma , Cağ Yasemin 
Published: November 2022

Background: People living with HIV need to use antiretroviral therapy throughout their lives.
Objectives: Studies on the efficacy and safety of dual therapy are limited in Turkey. We sought to evaluate the treatment efficacy and side effects among patients who were given a combination of dolutegravir (DTG) and lamivudine (3TC) as a maintenance therapy.
Methods: This retrospective, single-centre study included individuals with viral suppression who were older than 18 years of age, living with HIV, switched from a combination antiretroviral therapy regimen to DTG-3TC dual therapy, and followed up for at least 6 months.
Results: The study included 63 patients living with HIV. The median age was 42 years (interquartile range (IQR): 36-51 years). The median follow-up under the DTG-3TC regimen was 10.4 months (7.1-16.0 months). In the course of dual therapy, no patients developed any serious adverse effects that would necessitate a therapy switch, but virological blips were seen in two patients. Two patients lost their lives, with one dying from suicide and one dying from respiratory failure associated with the underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Conclusion: The DTG-3TC dual-therapy regimen is a promising and effective therapy that can be used as a treatment of choice for eligible patients.
Keywords: Dolutegravir; lamivudine; dual; antiretroviral therapy; efficacy.
HIV/AIDS services quality in health centers of East Shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Aferu Temesgen , Beedemariam Gebremedhin , Gedif Teferi 
Published: November 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is a major public health, social and economic problem in Ethiopia. However, little has been done on assessment of the quality of the services given to patients in this country.
Objective: To assess the quality of HIV/AIDS services in health centers of East Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.
Method: Cross sectional survey was undertaken in selected health centers of East Shoa Zone between February and May, 2017. Data was collected using researcher administered structured questionnaire, logistics indicators assessment tool and observation check list. SPSS for windows version 20 was utilized in the analysis of the collected data.
Results: The study facilities were providing various services to HIV/AIDS patients. All (100%) and 6(75%) facilities respectively had shortage of trained human power required to give ART and TB services. Regarding ARV medicines availability, majority of the study facilities, 5 (62.50%) reported that they had the stockout of AZT300/3TC150/NVP200 in six months prior to study while 4 (66.7%) of the facilities had the stockout of NVP 240ml (50mg/5ml) syrup on day of visit. Among anti-TB medicines, E100 was out of stock in three facilities (37.5%) on day of visit and INH100 had been out of stock in 4 (50%) of the facilities in six months prior to the study. From OIs medicines, Cotrimoxazole 960mg tablet stockedout in 4 (66.70%) on day of visit and in5 (83.30%) health centers in six months prior to the study. Considerable number of study facilities, 4 (66.70%) had the stockout of tramadol 50mg tablet on day of visit and ibuprofen 400mg tablet in six months prior to the study, 5 (71.40%).
Conclusion: The studied facilities were challenged by different factors including, scarcity of human power, stockout of various HIV/AIDS related medicines and inability to make patients adhere to the services given by the facilities. The consequences of these factors can be dangerous to the patients as well as to the wider public and hence making available the appropriate human resource and HIV/AIDS related commodities including medicines should be the priority for the health facilities and the region to improve the quality of HIV/AIDS services in the study area.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Services quality; Health center; East Shoa Zone.
Barriers and facilitators to adherence for antiretroviral therapy: the perspectives of patients from a wellness center in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: T Simelane Portia , S Simelane Maswati , Y Amoateng Acheampong 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Patients’ non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment remains a public health concern in many developing countries, especially in South Africa.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of patients' ART adherence in one health care facility in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.
Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive design was employed to collect data using a semi-structured interview guide through individual in-depth interviews among twenty (20) purposively selected patients. The thematic analysis approach was used to generate themes from the data.
Results: A majority of the participants were female (n=12, 60%), married (n=13, 65%), and employed (n=12, 60%). Barriers to ART adherence include insufficient medical staff at the health center and waiting time being too long. Facilitators included service providers' positive attitude, clear instructions for taking medication, benefits of adhering to ART, and dangers of defaulting treatment.
Conclusion: Barriers and facilitators for adherence included several factors related to the health system, health care workers, and the patients. Achievement of optimal adherence to ART requires the commitment of both patients and providers.
Keywords: ART; Barriers; Facilitators; HIV/AIDS; South Africa.
Factors associated with death among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Lagos State, Nigeria: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Adedeji Adejumo Olusola , Ogunniyan Tope , Valentina Adetola Adeife , Chizoba Mba Sandra , Ogunbayo Olakunle , David Oladokun Oluwaseun , Bamidele Oluwadun Oluwayemisi , Erinoso Olufemi , Adesola Sunday , Bowale Abimbola 
Published: November 2022

Background: Lagos State has the highest burden of COVID-19 in Nigeria. We assessed associated factors with death from COVID-19 among hospitalized patients in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using de-identified records of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted into 15 isolation centers in Lagos State between February 27, 2020, and September 30, 2020.
Results: A total of 2,858 COVID -19 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 41.9±15.5 years. A higher proportion of patients were males (65.8%), asymptomatic (55.5%), had no comorbid condition (72.2%) and had the mild disease (73.8%). The case fatality rate was 6.5%. The odds of death from COVID-19 infection increased by 4% with every increase in age (AOR 1.04, 95%CI 1.03–1.05, p<0.001). The chance of dying was 50% fold more among males (AOR 1.5, 95%CI 1.0 – 2.2, p = 0.042), 60% fold more among patients with comorbidity (AOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.3 – 2.4, p = 0.037) and 9 fold more among patients with severe COVID-19 infection (AOR 9.6, 95% CI 4.9 – 19.1, p <0.001).
Conclusion: The odds of dying was higher among males, the elderly, patients with comorbidity and severe COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; Associated factors; deaths; Lagos; Nigeria.
Tool for the assessment spiritual care after the COVID-19 pandemic: a sequential exploratory study
Authors: Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Pourmohammad Mohsen 
Published: November 2022

Background: The present study aimed to develop a tool to assess spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Materials and methods: This study is a mixed sequential (Qualitative-Quantitative) exploratory study. In the qualitative phase, through 14 in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with clerics, specialists in Islamic jurisprudence and principles, specialists in education and health promotion, and using the content analysis approach, tool items were designed. Purposeful sampling was performed with maximum diversity of experts and enthusiasts in the field of spiritual health.
Results: Content analysis of the data obtained from interviews led to explaining the concept of spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic in four main themes: spiritual care needs, spiritual care characteristics, outcomes of spiritual care, and the challenge of providing spiritual care. The average content validity index of the tool was 0.94. Exploratory factor analysis showed 4 factors that explained more than 62.83% of the variance. The correlation of spiritual cares scale score for COVID-19 Pandemic with spiritual care tool was (0.86, p <0.001).
Conclusion: Spiritual care tool is a valid and reliable tool, with 38 items to assess the spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; Spiritual care; Factor analysis.
A Survey on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in Eosinophilic Children of Northwest Iran
Authors: Pourgholaminejad Arash , Razipour Habib , Heydarian Peyman , Ashrafi Keyhan , Atrkar Roushan Zahra , Sharifdini Meysam 
Published: November 2022

Background: Toxocariasis is a serious zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the nematodes; Toxocara species.
Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in eosinophilic children referred to the pediatrics hospital of Qazvin province northwest Iran during 2019-2020.
Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from eosinophilic children referred to the Qods Pediatrics Hospital. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and dogs- and soil-contact history were collected. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibody was evaluated by T. canis IgG ELISA kit.
Results: Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were detected in 14 (7%) of the total eosinophilic children. The seropositive rate of toxocariasis in hyper-eosinophilic children (>1000/mm3) was 15.1%, while the seropositivity was 4.1% in children with eosinophilia status (500-999/mm3). There was a significant association between the eosinophilia rate and seropositivity (P<0.05). Also, seroprevalence in asymptomatic eosinophilic children was 4.4%, while in children with clinical symptoms it was 17.1%. Accordingly, a statistically significant difference was found between clinical symptoms and Toxocara infection (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of toxocariasis in eosinophilic children is a serious health problem in the study area. Therefore, serologic evaluation for the diagnosis of Toxocara infection is recommended for eosinophilic children.
Keywords: Seroprevalence; Toxocariasis; anti-Toxocara antibody; Eosinophilia children; Qazvin; Iran.
The effect of mobile-based training on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Seddighi Aazam , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Majidi Soheila 
Published: November 2022

Background: The Aim of this study is to determine the effect of mobile-based training on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Materials and Methods: This trial was conducted from November May to December 2020 on 198 women referring to healthcare centers in Guilan, Iran. The samples of this study were selected using the convenience sampling method, and random block sampling was used for the allocation of groups.The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire including questions about demographic data and Dennis's self-efficacy. The questionnaires were completedbefore and 8 weeks after the intervention in both groups.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of self-efficacy before the education in the experiment and control group were 48.26+ 6.49 and 49.11 + 7.36, respectively. After the education, the experimental group was 53.78 + 12.61 and control group was 41.90 + 17.98. The difference between the pretest and posttest scores indicated that the breastfeeding educational intervention increased the women’s self-efficacy in breastfeeding (p<0/001).
Conclusion: The results showed that mobile-based training could improve maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. It is therefore recommended, this training program as an available and convenient method to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Keywords: Self-efficacy; breastfeeding; cell phone; mobile applications; education.
Street youths: reproductive health risk status, reproductive health challenges and barriers to health services utilization in a southwestern City, Nigeria
Authors: Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello Adenike , Ruth Ilori Oluwatosin , Idowu Tokunbo 
Published: November 2022

Background Information: According to the United Nations, about 150 million youth spent most of their time on the street, or better still, homeless. This is becoming a global phenomenon and majority of this vulnerable people live in large cities and urban areas of developing countries. Street youths are among the high risk, insecure and vulnerable groups who are often exposed to various forms of abuses and diseases, including reproductive health issues.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study carried out among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government, Lagos State using a multi staged sampling technique. Frequency tables were drawn at the univariate level, chi squared was used to test forassociation between socio-demographic characteristics and sexual risk level. Data was analyzed using SPPSS version 22, p value was set at 0.05
Results: Almost half 48(48.5%) of the respondents were between the age range 20-24years and two third 61(61.6%) of them were female and 27(27.3%) had up to senior secondary education attainments. Majority 73(73.7%) of them have been on the street for more than 3months and 32 (32.3%) professed that the reason they were on the street was to search for job while 25 (25.3%) because of family disharmony among parents. Eighty six (86.9%) of the respondents were sexually active, 31 (36.0%) of which have more than four sexual partners. Duration of stay on the street and their educational status were determinants of risky sexual behavior and polygamous setting was found to be statistically significant(p value =0.035) with reproductive healthchallenges.
Conclusion: There is high risk sexual practice among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government. Strategic interventions aimed at minimizing sexual risky behaviors among street youths should focus on reducing the duration of stay on the street aswell as increasing access to contraception.
Keywords: Street; youths; reproductive health; Ikorodu.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from individuals attending STD clinics in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nakku-Joloba Edith , Mboowa Gerald , Ssengooba Willy , Kiyimba Anthony , Kigozi Edgar , Baluku Hannington , Alinaitwe Lucy , Nyote Ronnie , Marina Kabahita Jupiter , Mutumba Paul , A Katabazi Fred , Kiwanuka Noah , Sewankambo Nelson , P Kateete David 
Published: November 2022

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) management in sub-Saharan Africa is syndromic but molecular diagnostics provide quicker, sensitive diagnosis and treatment. Effective STD control hinges on identification and treatment of infectedpersons and sexual partner contact tracing.
Objectives: This study assessed feasibility of using the Xpert CT/NG test to identify prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) infections among STD clinic attendees and their sexual partners and tested for antimicrobial resistance for N. gonorrhea.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 4 outpatient STD clinics in Kampala, Uganda from February 2019 to October 2019. Participants received a syndromic diagnosis, were tested for NG and CT, as well as their sexual partners. Urine (men) and high vaginal swabs (women) were collected, examined using Xpert CT/NG assay. A total of 79 participants were enrolled at baseline of whom 25 had CT/NG. 21 partners of infected baseline participants and 7 partners of the 21 primary partnerswere enrolled.
Results: The mean age of the reported sexual partners was 26 (18-43) years. The prevalence of NG was 25% at baseline and 18 % for CT. Nine (11.4%) people were dually infected. Men were more likely to have NG (p<0.001) at multivariable level. Twoparticipants tested HIV-1 positive. On microbiological culture, 8 samples (2.5%) grew NG and all were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin. For CT, we found a preponderance of the F-serovar in this population.
Conclusion: The most prevalent organism was Neisseria gonorrhea. Generally, the prevalence of CT and NG was high. Infection proportions increased among primary partners, particularly women. Etiologic testing without partner tracing and treatmentmay underestimate burden of CT/NG in this population and contribute to re-infection.
Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Prevalence; Antimicrobial resistance; Genomic Analysis; Sexual partner networks.
Treponema pallidum infection among women with macerated stillbirth in Mwanza Tanzania: an underestimated tragedy in Tanzania
Authors: A Malisa Rose , Ndaboine Edgard , Chibwe Elieza , Mujuni Fridolin , Nyawale Helmut , Mtebe Majigo , E Mshana Stephen , M Mirambo Mariam 
Published: November 2022

Background: Treponema pallidum is one of the commonest cause of stillbirths world-wide. This study investigated the magnitude of T. pallidum among women with macerated stillbirth in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 301 women with macerated stillbirths attending selected health facilities in the region of Mwanza was conducted between October-2017 and March-2018. Detection of T. pallidum was done using venereal diseases research laboratory (VDRL) and T. pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA). Data were analyzed by the STATAversion 13.
Results: The median age of the enrolled women was 27 (IQR: 22 - 34) years. Eighteen (6.0%, 95% CI: 3.0-8.0) of women were T. pallidum seropositive. Seropositivity of T. pallidum was significantly higher among women residing in rural areas than urban areas (p=0.010), and among HIV seropositive than HIV seronegative women (p=0.036). By multivariable regression analysis, the odds of being T. pallidum seropositive were significantly high among women with positive HIV serostatus (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2-14.1, p=0.036) and those residing in rural areas (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.5-20.3, p=0.010).
Conclusion: Seropositivity of T. pallidum is higher among women with macerated stillbirth than in normal pregnant women as previously reported which calls for the need to improve screening services in rural areas of Tanzania.
Keywords: Treponema pallidum; macerated stillbirth; Mwanza; Tanzania.