bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Defects on the Particle Size–Capacitance Relationship of Zn–Co Mixed Metal Oxide Supported on Heteroatom‐Doped Graphenes as Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Jiajun , Peng Yong , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSupercapacitors are considered among the most promising electrical energy storage devices, there being a need to achieve the highest possible energy storage density. Herein small mixed Zn–Co metal oxide nanoparticles are grown on doped graphene (O‐, N‐ and, B‐doped graphenes). The electrochemical properties of the resulting mixed Zn–Co metal oxide nanoparticles (4 nm) grown on B‐doped graphene exhibit an outstanding specific capacitance of 2568 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, ranking this B‐doped graphene composite among the best performing electrodes. The energy storage capacity is also remarkable even at large current densities (i.e., 640 F g−1 at 40 A g−1). In contrast, larger nanoparticles are obtained using N‐ and O‐doped graphenes as support, the resulting materials exhibiting lower performance. Besides energy storage, the Zn–Co oxide on B‐doped graphene shows notable electrochemical performance and stability obtaining a maximum energy density of 77.6 W h Kg−1 at 850 W Kg−1, a power density of 8500 W Kg−1 at 28.3 W h Kg−1, and a capacitance retention higher than 85% after 5000 cycles. The smaller nanoparticle size and improved electrochemical performance on B‐doped graphene‐based devices are attributed to the higher defect density and nature of the dopant element on graphene.
Changes in operative trends and short‐term outcomes of surgery for congenital biliary dilatation in adults using real‐world data: A multilevel analysis based on a nationwide administrative database in Japan
Authors: Mori Yasuhisa , Okawara Makoto , Shibao Kazunori , Kohi Shiro , Tamura Toshihisa , Sato Norihiro , Fujino Yoshihisa , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsuda Shinya , Hirata Keiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the operative trends and compare the short‐term outcomes between open and laparoscopic surgery for congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) in adults using real‐world data from Japan.MethodsData from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database on 941 patients undergoing surgery for CBD at 357 hospitals from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2021, were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: open surgery (n = 764) and laparoscopic surgery (n = 177). We performed a retrospective analysis via a multilevel analysis of the short‐term surgical outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic surgery.ResultsThe rate of laparoscopic surgery has been increasing annually and had almost doubled to 25% by 2021. There were no significant differences in the in‐hospital mortality rate or postoperative morbidity between the two groups. The length of anesthesia was significantly longer in the laparoscopic than open surgery group (8.80 vs 6.16 hours, p < .001). The time to removal of the abdominal drain and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic than open surgery group (6.12 vs 8.35 days, p = .001 and 13.57 vs 15.79 days, p < .001, respectively). The coefficient for cost was 463 235 yen (95% confidence interval, 289 679‐636 792) higher in laparoscopic than open surgery (p < .001).ConclusionThe short‐term results were comparable between laparoscopic and open surgery for CBD. Further investigation is needed to validate our findings and long‐term outcomes.
Hydrophobic‐Substrate‐Selective Dehydrative Condensations at the Emulsion Interface under Conditions where Competitive Reactions Proceed in the Bulk Aqueous Phase
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Hirata Eri , Zhang Hanlin , Hioki Kazuhito , Kunishima Munetaka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthetic utility is demonstrated of substrate‐selective dehydrative condensations at emulsion interfaces using amphiphilic 1,3,5‐triazine‐based dehydrative condensing reagents. To this end, it was investigated whether reaction selectivity between carboxylic acids is pronounced even at relatively high concentrations of reactants and reagents where a background reaction occurs in the bulk aqueous phase. Amide formation was selective for longer‐chain carboxylic acids when the difference in alkyl chain length was 4–5 carbons. The ratio of product amides could be predicted using the log P value of the carboxylic acids. These results were applied to a one‐pot parallel dehydrative condensation where two different reaction fields, inside and outside of the aggregates, were used in the presence of two carboxylic acids and two amines to selectively give two out of four possible amides.
The World Health Organization's impacts on age‐friendly policymaking: A case study on Australia
Authors: Liu Edgar , Atkins Mariana T. , Chomik Rafal , Judd Bruce 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper reflects on whether and how the World Health Organization (WHO) inspires age‐friendly policymaking across different levels of government. This is done via a case study in which we analyse the policies of Australia's three‐tiered federated government system against the WHO's eight core age‐friendly cities domains. Findings suggest that membership of the Global Network of Age‐Friendly Cities and Communities did not appear to overtly inspire the development of age‐friendly policies across Australian governments. Content analysis shows there is an overwhelming policy focus on care and support services, with little attention to cultural diversity. This reflects an outdated portrayal of debilitation in later life and a lack of recognition of how diverse circumstances impact the ageing process and corresponding support needs. Our findings also reveal the challenges of a three‐tiered federated system, where varying financial and authoritative capacities have influenced how different governments acknowledge and respond to population ageing. Notably, local governments—the main level of implementation targeted by the WHO—are invariably constrained in developing their own age‐friendly policies and may opt to adopt those of higher levels of government instead. These challenges will likely impact other resource‐limited governments in responding to the needs of their emerging ageing populations.
Ultrafast Dynamics and Catalytic Mechanism of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Li Xiankun , Wang Lijuan , Zhong Dongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFatty acid photodecarboxylase is a newly discovered flavin photoenzyme that converts a carboxylic acid into a hydrocarbon and a carbon dioxide molecule through decarboxylation. The enzymatic reactions are poorly understood. In this study, we carefully characterized its dynamic evolution with femtosecond spectroscopy. We observed initial electron transfer from the substrate to the flavin cofactor in 347 ps with a stretched dynamic behavior and subsequently captured the critical carbonyloxy radical. The dominant process following this step was decarboxylation in 5.8 ns to form an alkyl radical and a carbon dioxide molecule. We further identified the absorption bands of two carbonyloxy and alkyl radical intermediates. The overall enzymatic quantum efficiency determined by our obtained timescales is 0.81, consistent with the steady‐state value. The results are essential to the elucidation of the enzyme mechanism and catalytic photocycle, providing a molecular basis for potential design of flavin‐based artificial photoenzymes.
Novel multifunctional microcapsule and its cyanate ester resin composites with self‐healing ability and gamma radiation shielding ability
Authors: Rui Yuehao , Chen Feida , Zhao Minghao , Zhong Jing , Li Yong , Tang Xiaobin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResin‐based composites used in spacecraft face risks from space debris and high‐energy charged particles during their long‐term service in the space environment. This work proposes a novel microcapsule (MC) and its cyanate ester (CE) resin‐based composites (CE/MCs) with self‐healing ability and gamma radiation shielding ability. The multifunctional epoxy/lead tungstate (EP@PWO) microcapsules are developed through self‐assembly method and in‐situ precipitation method. These microcapsules and curing agent 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) are incorporated into the CE resin to form resin‐based composites with low curing temperature, self‐healing ability, and gamma radiation shielding ability. Various approaches including chemical characterizations (X‐ray diffractometer, fourier‐transform infrared, energy dispersive spectrometer), microscopy (optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope), and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis) are utilized to demonstrate the successful encapsulation of the EP resin by PWO shell and good thermal stability of this material. The mechanical property, self‐healing ability, and gamma radiation shielding property are investigated via fracture toughness test and using a NaI (Tl) spectrometer. In comparison with pure CE resin, the fracture toughness of the CE/MCs composites can increase by 66.5%, and the self‐healing efficiency can reach up to 56%, indicating that the microcapsules have good toughening and self‐healing abilities. The microcapsules and their composites also exhibit good gamma radiation shielding properties.
Identification of miR‐30c‐5p as a tumor suppressor by targeting the m6A reader HNRNPA2B1 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Qiulei , Li Guoqing , Gong Lanqing , Cai Jing , Chen Le , Xu Xiaohan , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Jing , Zeng Ya , Gao Rui , Yu Lili , Wang Zehua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNAs (miRNAs) and N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) play important roles in ovarian cancer (OvCa). However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate m6A in OvCa have not been elucidated so far.MethodsTo screen m6A‐related miRNAs, Pearson's correlation analysis of miRNAs and m6A regulators was implemented using The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). To determine the level of m6A, RNA m6A quantitative assays were used. Then, colony formation assays, EdU assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays were performed. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the miRNA target genes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the target genes was performed, and hub genes were discovered using the cytoHubba/Cytoscape software. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored by bioinformatics and RNA stability assays.ResultsA total of 126 miRNAs were identified as m6A‐related miRNAs by Pearson's correlation analysis. Among them, the high level of miR‐30c‐5p was associated with good prognosis in OvCa patients. In vitro, the miR‐30c‐5p agomir lowered the m6A level and inhibited OvCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The hub target genes of miR‐30c‐5p were identified as (i) XPO1, (ii) AGO1, (iii) HNRNPA2B1, of which m6A reader HNRNPA2B1 was highly expressed in OvCa tissues and related with poor prognosis. In vitro, knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 significantly reduced m6A level and hampered the proliferation and migration of OvCa cells. The inhibition of m6A reader HNRNPA2B1 attenuated the suppression of proliferation and migration and the low m6A level induced by the miR‐30c‐5p downregulation. Mechanistically, m6A reader HNRNPA2B1 might regulate CDK19 mRNA stability to alter m6A level.ConclusionsmiR‐30c‐5p inhibits OvCa progression and reduces the m6A level by inhibiting m6A reader HNRNPA2B1, thus providing new insights into the m6A regulatory mechanism in OvCa.
Trastuzumab‐based near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy in xenograft mouse of breast cancer
Authors: Yamashita Susumu , Kojima Miho , Onda Nobuhiko , Yoshida Toshinori , Shibutani Makoto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a novel form of cancer treatment using conjugates of antibody against overexpressed antigens in cancers and photoabsorber IRDye700DX. HER2 is overexpressed in various cancers, for which molecular targeted therapy such as trastuzumab has been developed. The present study investigated the efficacy potential of HER2‐targeted NIR‐PIT using trastuzumab‐IRDye700DX conjugate (Tra‐IR700) in HER2‐positive breast cancer. We first examined the reactivity of Tra‐IR700 and the cytotoxicity of NIR‐PIT in vitro. HER2‐positive BT‐474 and SK‐BR‐3 cells and HER2‐negative BT‐20 cells were used. Tra‐IR700 fluorescence was only observed in HER2‐positive breast cancer cell lines, and the fluorescence was localized to the cell surface. Furthermore, HER2‐positive breast cancer cell lines treated with NIR‐PIT showed swelling and blebbing shortly after irradiation, and eventually increased PI‐positive dead cells. Next, tumor accumulation of Tra‐IR700 and tumor damage by NIR‐PIT were examined in vivo. Tra‐IR700 was administered intravenously to a xenograft model in which BT‐474 cells were implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. Tra‐IR700 fluorescence was the highest in tumor tissue 1 day after administration, and the fluorescence was localized to the cell membrane of tumor cells. At this time point, NIR‐PIT resulted in diffuse necrosis of tumor tissues 1 day after irradiation. These results suggest that NIR‐PIT with Tra‐IR700 induces a highly selective therapeutic effect in a HER2‐positive breast cancer model. NIR‐PIT using Tra‐IR700 is expected to be a novel treatment for HER2‐positive cancers, including breast cancer.
Mobile application to support oncology patients during treatment on patient outcomes: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Graetz Ilana , Hu Xin , Curry Andrea N. , Robles Andrew , Vidal Gregory A. , Schwartzberg Lee S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer treatment requires substantial demands on patients and their caregivers. Mobile apps can provide support for self‐management during oncology treatment, but few have been rigorously evaluated.MethodsA 3‐month randomized controlled trial was conducted at a large cancer center to evaluate the efficacy of an app (LivingWith®) that provides self‐management support during cancer treatment on quality of life and health care utilization. Patients in chemotherapy treatment were randomized into the intervention (n = 113) and control group (n = 111). Intervention group participants agreed to use the app weekly for 3 months, and all participants completed a survey at enrollment and after 3 months to evaluate changes in quality of life and health care utilization.ResultsRetention rate was 75.4% with 169 participants completing the follow‐up survey. The intervention group reported 0.74 fewer medical office visits (p = 0.043) and 0.24 fewer visits with a mental health professional (p = 0.061) during the 3 and month intervention compared with controls. There were no significant changes by study group in quality of life, or emergency room and urgent care visits. Among intervention participants, 75.3% reported using the app and on average, used it 11.7 times during the 3‐month intervention. Reasons for not using the app among intervention participants included lack of time, lack of interest in apps, and usability challenges.Conclusions and RelevanceApps are inexpensive and scalable tools that can provide additional support for individuals coping with complex cancer treatments. This trial provides evidence that a well‐designed oncology support app used during chemotherapy resulted in fewer clinic visits. Still, nearly a quarter of participants randomized to the intervention arm reported never using the app due to personal preference and usability challenges, which points to future opportunities for calibrating target user population and improving user‐centered design.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04331678.
High endothelial venules in intracranial germinomas: Implications for lymphocytes infiltration
Authors: Chen Huiyuan , Li Guilin , Cui Yun , Zhang Qi , Li Bo , Liu Xing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeReactive lymphocytes are substantial components of germinoma, which are believed to be related to the favorable prognosis of this intracranial tumor and better response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms managing the recruitment of lymphocytes are poorly understood. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels that play key roles in lymphocyte trafficking in Lymph nodes. These vessels are associated with lymphocyte infiltration in chronic inflammatory diseases and various malignant tumors, but their distribution and implications in germinoma are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and implications of HEVs in intracranial germinomas.MethodsWe investigated the presence and distribution of HEVs in 42 germinomas by immunohistochemical staining of peripheral node addressin (PNAd) and transmission electron microscopic examination. The correlation of the densities of HEVs with the extent of T and B lymphocyte infiltration and several clinicopathological characteristics were also analyzed to determine whether HEVs are responsible for lymphocyte recruitment and their roles in anti‐tumor immunity in germinoma.ResultsPNAd‐positive HEVs were detected in 31% (13/42) of germinomas, and their presence correlated with abundant infiltrating CD3+ T cells, CD20 + B cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p = 0.0410, 0.0023, and 0.0061, respectively). Higher HEVs density was also correlated with several clinicopathological parameters, which are recognized indicators for favorable prognosis in germinomas, including typical tumor location (p = 0.0093), lower tumor cell content (p = 0.0428), and younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.0121). Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed HEVs‐associated genes mainly enriched in immune‐related Gene Ontology terms, including innate immune response, inflammatory response, and B cell receptor signaling pathway. The xCell analysis revealed that germinomas with higher HEVs enrichment scores had increased levels of the immune score, microenvironment score, dendritic cells, CD8+ central memory T‐cells, CD4+ memory T‐cells, and B‐cells.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that HEVs could contribute to lymphocyte recruitment in germinomas, thus may serve as a predictor of favorable prognosis and better response to immunotherapy in this intracranial tumor.
Optimal protamine‐to‐heparin dosing ratio for the prevention of bleeding complications in patients undergoing TAVR—A multicenter experience
Authors: Al‐Kassou Baravan , Veulemans Verena , Shamekhi Jasmin , Maier Oliver , Piayda Kerstin , Zeus Tobias , Aksoy Adem , Zietzer Andreas , Meertens Max , Mauri Victor , Weber Marcel , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Grube Eberhard , Adam Matti , Bakhtiary Farhad , Zimmer Sebastian , Baldus Stephan , Kelm Malte , Nickenig Georg , Sedaghat Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite major advances, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is still associated with procedure‐specific complications. Although previous studies reported lower bleeding rates in patients receiving protamine for heparin reversal, the optimal protamine‐to‐heparin dosing ratio is unknown.HypothesisThe aim of this study was a comparison of two different heparin antagonization regimens for the prevention of bleeding complications after TAVR.MethodsThe study included 1446 patients undergoing TAVR, of whom 623 received partial and 823 full heparin antagonization. The primary endpoint was a composite of 30‐day mortality, life‐threatening, and major bleeding. Safety endpoints included stroke and myocardial infarction at 30 days.ResultsFull antagonization of heparin resulted in lower rates of the primary endpoint as compared to partial heparin reversal (5.6% vs. 10.4%, p < .01), which was mainly driven by lower rates of life‐threatening (0.5% vs. 1.6%, p = .05) and major bleeding (3.2% vs. 7.5%, p < .01). Moreover, the incidence of major vascular complications was significantly lower in patients with full heparin reversal (3.5% vs. 7.5%, p < .01). The need for red‐blood‐cell transfusion was lower in patients receiving full as compared to partial heparin antagonization (10.4% vs. 15.9%, p < .01). No differences were observed in the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction between patients with full and partial heparin reversal (2.2% vs. 2.6%, p = .73 and 0.2% vs. 0.4%, p = .64, respectively).ConclusionsFull heparin antagonization resulted in significantly lower rates of life‐threatening and major bleeding after TAVR as compared to partial heparin reversal. The occurrence of stroke and myocardial infarction was low and comparable between both groups.
Cabozantinib for previously treated radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: Updated results from the phase 3 COSMIC‐311 trial
Authors: Brose Marcia S. , Robinson Bruce G. , Sherman Steven I. , Jarzab Barbara , Lin Chia‐Chi , Vaisman Fernanda , Hoff Ana O. , Hitre Erika , Bowles Daniel W. , Sen Suvajit , Oliver Jennifer W. , Banerjee Kamalika , Keam Bhumsuk , Capdevila Jaume 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAt an interim analysis (median follow‐up, 6.2 months; n = 187), the phase 3 COSMIC‐311 trial met the primary end point of progression‐free survival (PFS): cabozantinib improved PFS versus a placebo (median, not reached vs. 1.9 months; p < .0001) in patients with previously treated radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR‐DTC). The results from an exploratory analysis using an extended datacut are presented.MethodsPatients 16 years old or older with RAIR‐DTC who progressed on prior lenvatinib and/or sorafenib were randomized 2:1 to oral cabozantinib tablets (60 mg/day) or a placebo. Placebo patients could cross over to open‐label cabozantinib upon radiographic disease progression. The objective response rate (ORR) in the first 100 randomized patients and the PFS in the intent‐to‐treat population, both according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 by blinded, independent review, were the primary end points.ResultsAt the data cutoff (February 8, 2021), 258 patients had been randomized (cabozantinib, n = 170; placebo, n = 88); the median follow‐up was 10.1 months. The median PFS was 11.0 months (96% confidence interval [CI], 7.4–13.8 months) for cabozantinib and 1.9 months (96% CI, 1.9–3.7 months) for the placebo (hazard ratio, 0.22; 96% CI, 0.15–0.32; p < .0001). The ORR was 11.0% (95% CI, 6.9%–16.9%) versus 0% (95% CI, 0.0%–4.1%) (p = .0003) with one complete response with cabozantinib. Forty placebo patients crossed over to open‐label cabozantinib. Grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 62% and 28% of the cabozantinib‐ and placebo‐treated patients, respectively; the most common were hypertension (12% vs. 2%), palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia (10% vs. 0%), and fatigue (9% vs. 0%). There were no grade 5 treatment‐related events.ConclusionsAt extended follow‐up, cabozantinib maintained superior efficacy over a placebo in patients with previously treated RAIR‐DTC with no new safety signals.