bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Red and Yellow cards on team performance in elite soccer
Authors: Badiella Llorenç , Puig Pedro , Lago-Peñas Carlos , Casals Martí 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to analyze the effects of red and yellow cards on the scoring rate in elite soccer. The sample was composed of 1826 matches in the top five European leagues. All events were structured in 5-min intervals and were analyzed by means of a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with Poisson distribution, considering the presence of correlated data, where the dependent variable is represented by scoring rate. Team strength and home advantage were considered implicitly by means of a transformation of the betting odds for each game. The model also took into account the goal difference and time evolution. Overall, we found that after a sending off, each team’s scoring rate changes significantly, damaging the penalised team and favouring its opponent. When the player who is sent off belongs to the Away team, the impact of a red card is more or less maintained over time intervals. The red card effect, on the other hand, tends to fade over time when the affected team is stronger. The relative difference in scoring rates is also affected by the goal difference and the difference in booked players, being slightly lower for the team going ahead if it has more booked players. Our approach allows estimating the expected cumulative soring rate through time for various red card scenarios. Particularly if a red card is given with 30 min of remaining time, the expected impact is 0.39 goals if the guilty player is on the visiting team and 0.50 if he plays for the home team. Coaches and analysts could use this information to establish objectives for players and teams in training and matches and to be prepared for these very different scenarios of numerical superiority or inferiority.
Tailoring the properties of nanocellulose-sepiolite hybrid nanopapers by varying the nanocellulose type and clay content
Authors: Martín-Sampedro Raquel , Eugenio María E. , Ibarra David , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo , Aranda Pilar , Darder Margarita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of nanocellulose-clay materials resulted of great relevance, as it opened up the applications of nanocellulose, but it still requires new approaches that could contribute to improve the preparation procedures and the features of this type of biohybrid materials. In this context, nanocellulose-sepiolite (NC-S) biocomposite foams and films have already been successfully tested for some applications. However, the influence of the nanocellulose properties on sepiolite-cellulose interactions, and consequently on the final properties and potential applications of NC-S biohybrid materials, has not been previously studied. To address this knowledge gap, four kinds of nanocelluloses produced from elm biomass (non-chemically pretreated lignocellulose and bleached cellulose nanofibers (LCNFs and CNFs, respectively), TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) were characterized and used to develop NC-S nanopapers. A stronger interaction was found between sepiolite and negatively charged nanocelluloses (TOCNFs and CNCs), improving their thermal stability and mechanical properties by increasing the sepiolite content. Furthermore, the type of nanocellulose and the sepiolite content could be adjusted to tune the flammability, water permeability and mechanical and optical properties of the NC-S nanopapers.
Graphical abstract
Microstructure and properties of CoCrFeNi-based multi-principal element alloys containing C and Sc
Authors: He Mengwei , Eizadjou Mehdi , Chen Hansheng , Liu Hongwei , Chang Li , Ringer Simon P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of novel CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys containing Sc and C were designed. These HEAs exhibited hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance comparable or better than a range of selected benchmark systems. Microstructurally, we observed composite microstructures comprising variously a Sc-rich intermetallic phase, a sigma phase and an FCC solid solution phase within which precipitated M23C6 carbides. The Sc-rich intermetallic phase possessed a stoichiometry close to (Co, M)2(Sc, M), where M = Ni and Fe. As the carbon content increased, the hardness levels ‘softened’ from 799 VHN (C-free) to 674 VHN (C = 4 at.%), though the fracture toughness was increased ~ 112%. At the same time, the specific wear rate was enhanced from 0.33 × 10−3 to 0.14 × 10−3 mm3·(N m)−1. The effectiveness of these microstructures in balancing high hardness, crack deflection and a relatively low wear rate was attributed to the enhanced stability of the FCC solid phase as the C content was increased.
Graphical abstract
Electrocatalytic layers for hydrogen evolution reaction based on nickel phosphides: cost-effective fabrication and XPS characterization
Authors: Bernasconi Roberto , Khalil Mohammed Ibrahim , Cakmakci Dogukan Selahattin , Bektas Yagmur , Nobili Luca , Magagnin Luca , Lenardi Cristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of efficient electrocatalysts based on Pt-free materials is a crucial step for the maturation of competitive water splitting technologies able to sustain the upcoming hydrogen-based economy. In this context, the present work optimizes a codeposition/annealing methodology to produce electrocatalytic layers for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on one of the most promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts: nickel phosphides. A nickel–phosphorus solid solution is codeposited with red phosphorus microparticles and the obtained composites are annealed to promote interdiffusion and reaction between nickel and phosphorus. The experimentation carried out demonstrates that the properties of the final phosphide layers depend on the conditions employed in both the codeposition step and the annealing step. It is fundamental to evaluate and optimize the NiP/P codeposition process, and it is also important to understand the influence of annealing time and temperature on the microstructure and HER performance of the layers obtained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is employed to evaluate the phase composition at the surface, highlighting the presence of a top layer characterized by a Ni2P/Ni12P5 ratio significantly lower than the value found in the bulk of the coating. Annealed NiP/P layers are tested for HER in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. The tests demonstrate a clear correlation between the Ni2P/Ni12P5 ratio on the surface and the overpotential for HER. Coherently, when the outer Ni12P5-rich layer is mechanically removed, lower overpotentials are observed (169.5 mV vs. RHE for 10 mA cm−2).
Stress Mindset and Social Identification in Chronic Pain Patients and Their Relationship to Coping, Well-Being & Depression
Authors: Grünenwald Isabel , Kaluza Antonia J. , Schultze Martin , van Dick Rolf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe predicted that chronic pain patients have a more negative stress mindset and a lower level of social identification than people without chronic pain and that this, in turn, influences well-being through less adaptive coping. 1240 participants (465 chronic pain patients; 775 people in the control group) completed a cross-sectional online-survey. Chronic pain patients had a more negative stress mindset and a lower level of social identification than people without chronic pain. However, a positive stress mindset was linked to better well-being and fewer depressive symptoms, through the use of the adaptive coping behaviors positive reframing and active coping. A higher level of social identification did not impact well-being or depression through the use of instrumental and emotional support coping, but through the more frequent use of positive reframing and active coping. For chronic pain therapy, we propose including modules that foster social identification and a positive stress mindset.
Slow Grow-up in a Quasilinear Keller–Segel System
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a ball $$\Omega =B_R(0)\subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

Ω
=

B
R

(
0
)

⊂

R

n

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, the chemotaxis system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l}u_t = \nabla \cdot \big ( D(u) \nabla u \big ) - \nabla \cdot \big ( uS(u)\nabla v\big ), \\ 0 = \Delta v - \mu + u, \qquad \mu =\frac{1}{|\Omega |} \int _\Omega u, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
∇
·

(

D

(
u
)

∇
u

)

-
∇
·

(

u
S

(
u
)

∇
v

)

,

0
=
Δ
v
-
μ
+
u
,

μ
=

1

|
Ω
|

∫
Ω

u
,

(
⋆
)

is considered under no-flux boundary conditions, with a focus on nonlinearities $$S\in C^2([0,\infty ))$$

S
∈

C
2

(

[
0
,
∞
)

)

which exhibit super-algebraically fast decay in the sense that with some $$K_S>0, \beta \in [0,1)$$

K
S

>
0
,
β
∈

[
0
,
1
)

and $$\xi _0>0$$

ξ
0

>
0

, $$\begin{aligned} S(\xi )>0 \quad \text{ and } \quad S'(\xi ) \le -K_S\xi ^{-\beta } S(\xi ) \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } \xi \ge \xi _0. \end{aligned}$$

S

(
ξ
)

>
0

and

S
′

(
ξ
)

≤
-

K
S

ξ

-
β

S

(
ξ
)

for

all

ξ
≥

ξ
0

.

It is, inter alia, shown that if furthermore $$D\in C^2((0,\infty ))$$

D
∈

C
2

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

is positive and suitably small in relation to S by satisfying $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\xi S(\xi )}{D(\xi )} \ge K_{SD}\xi ^\lambda \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } \xi \ge \xi _0 \end{aligned}$$

ξ
S
(
ξ
)

D
(
ξ
)

≥

K

SD

ξ
λ

for

all

ξ
≥

ξ
0

with some $$K_{SD}>0$$

K

SD

>
0

and $$\lambda >\frac{2}{n}$$

λ
>

2
n

, then throughout a considerably large set of initial data, ($$\star $$
⋆
) admits global classical solutions (u, v) fulfilling $$\begin{aligned} \frac{z(t)}{C} \le \Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty (\Omega )} \le Cz(t) \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } t>0, \end{aligned}$$

z
(
t
)

C

≤

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(
Ω
)

≤
C
z

(
t
)

for

all

t
>
0
,

with some $$C=C^{(u,v)}\ge 1$$

C
=

C

(
u
,
v
)

≥
1

, where z denotes the solution of $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l}z'(t) = z^2(t) \cdot S\big ( z(t)\big ), \qquad t>0, \\ z(0)=\xi _0, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

z
′

(
t
)

=

z
2

(
t
)

·
S

(

z

(
t
)

)

,

t
>
0
,

z

(
0
)

=

ξ
0

,

which is seen to exist globally, and to satisfy $$z(t)\rightarrow +\infty $$

z
(
t
)
→
+
∞

as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

. As particular examples, exponentially and doubly exponentially decaying S are found to imply corresponding infinite-time blow-up properties in ($$\star $$
⋆
) at logarithmic and doubly logarithmic rates, respectively.
An analysis of net-outcome contracting with applications to equity-based compensation
Authors: Hofmann Christian , Huddart Steven , Pfeiffer Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptions, restricted stock, bonuses tied to total shareholder return, and similar equity-based compensation contracts stipulate payments that depend on stock price. Any such contract is a function of shareholder value net of the compensation payment, because stock price (1) is proportional to this net value or “net outcome” and (2) anticipates compensation-related payments and dilution. The net outcome, in turn, is reduced by the payment and so depends on the contract. Standard moral hazard analyses, wherein contractual payments are based on the gross outcome before any payment to the agent, overlook this dependency. We characterize the optimal net-outcome contract, describe its shape and pay-for-performance sensitivity, contrast it with the optimal gross-outcome contract, and discuss implications for equity-based compensation arrangements.
A nonlinear dynamic approach to cash flow forecasting
Authors: Pang Yang , Shi Shimeng , Shi Yukun , Zhao Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel grey-box model to capture the nonlinearity and the dynamics of cash flow model parameters. The grey-box model retains a simple white-box model structure, while their parameters are modelled as a black-box with a Padé approximant as a functional form. The growth rate of sales and firm age are used as exogenous variables because they are considered to have explanatory power for the parameter process. Panel data estimation methods are applied to investigate whether they outperform the pooled regression, which is widely used in the extant literature. We use the U.S. dataset to evaluate the performance of various models in predicting cash flow. Two performance measures are selected to compare the out-of-sample predictive power of the models. The results suggest that the proposed grey-box model can offer superior performance, especially in multi-period-ahead predictions.
Effect of carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as anchoring groups on Coumarin 6 dye for dye-sensitized solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study
Authors: Saad Ebied Mostafa , Dongol Mahmoud , Ibrahim Medhat , Nassary Mohammed , Elnobi Sahar , Abuelwafa Amr Attia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStarting with Coumarin-6 dye, two novel D-π-A organic dyes C6X and C6N have been designed by attaching carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid groups as anchoring groups to Coumarn-6 dye, respectively, to understand their potential use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electronic structure and photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the novel designed dyes were studied using density functional theory DFT and time-dependent density functional theory TD-DFT with the Becke3-Parameter-Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) functional and the 6-31G (d, p) basis set. Optimized structure and electronic properties (highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), and energy difference (Eg) between HOMO and LUMO) were calculated showing that C6N has the smallest band gap with the larger absorption region. Density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, non-linear optical (NLO) properties, UV–vis spectra, as well as some crucial parameters affecting the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs, such as light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection driving force (ΔGinject), dye regeneration driving force(ΔGreg), and the excited state life time(τe), were calculated to study the effect of the anchoring group on the DSSC performance. Additionally, the adsorption of C6X and C6N dyes on the TiO2 anatase (101) surface and the mechanism of electron injection were also investigated using a dye–(TiO2)9 cluster model using TD-B3LYP calculation. The calculated adsorption energies of the dyes suggest a strong adsorption of dyes to a TiO2 surface. The results show that C6N may be theoretically a good candidate as sensitizer of DSSC application.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior: The moderating effects of positive mental health and social support among Iranian and German students
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Naghavi Azam , Asgari Zahra , Grundei Lena , Brailovskaia Julia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuicidal ideation and behavior are common in those suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study investigated factors buffering the association between PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior. A total of 571 Iranian students and 421 German students took part in the investigation. Social support and positive mental health (PMH) were considered as resilience factors moderating the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide ideation/behavior within both samples. PMH moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian and German students. Social support moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian students only. Positive mental health and perceived social support seem to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk.
Experimental investigation of electric propulsion systems using C12A7 electride hollow cathodes
Authors: Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development and experimental investigation of two low-power electric propulsion concepts using compact heaterless C12A7 electride (C12A7:e-) hollow cathodes is presented. The first concept represents an electrothermal thruster, in which a cathode discharge is used to heat a gas that is subsequently accelerated in a nozzle-shaped anode. The second propulsion system is an attempt to develop a sub-500 W magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT) that uses a rectangular discharge channel that allows to increase the applied magnetic field and thus lower the necessary discharge current. Extensive parameter studies with both concepts were conducted, and the thrust and discharge properties of different geometric and operational configurations were determined. This work is a follow-up publication of a previous paper (Gondol and Tajmar in CEAS Space J 14:65–77, 2021).
Self-tracking of daily physical activity using a fitness tracker and the effect of the 10,000 steps goal
Authors: Utesch Till , Piesch Ludwig , Busch Lena , Strauss Bernd , Geukes Katharina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivity self-tracking technologies have become a popular tool for monitoring physical activity, used to assist individuals in increasing physical activity. Previous findings, however, are inconclusive on whether standalone activity self-tracking, alone or in combination with a step goal, is efficient in encouraging physical activity behavior. This study aimed at investigating the effects of mere activity self-tracking and activity self-tracking with a daily 10,000 steps goal on physical activity levels in a randomized-controlled parallel group trial (N = 150; mean age= 24.66, standard deviation = 4.75), using a publicly available fitness tracker and associated smartphone application. Two experimental groups, one of which without and the other with step goal, recorded daily physical activity (daily step count) via a fitness tracker wearable and associated smartphone application and via daily self-reports of activity over the course of 6 weeks. An unequipped control group recorded physical activity only via daily self-reports. Both experimental groups were compared against each other based on step count data, and against the control group based on daily self-reports of activity. Results of mixed-effect multilevel analyses suggest that activity tracking using fitness trackers and externally assigned goals do not drive greater physical activity behavior. Rather, results indicate substantial individual differences that should be targeted in future studies to better understand individual behavioral processes boosting or hindering daily activity.
The Role of Likeability in Discriminating Between Kindness and Compassion
Authors: Kirby James N. , Gerrish Ruby , Sherwell Chase , Gilbert Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Kindness and compassion are prosocial constructs aimed at benefiting others, with the former focused on happiness and the latter on suffering. Despite these distinctly different motivations, kindness and compassion are often used interchangeably. If compassion and kindness are different processes, they should respond differently to the same facilitators and inhibitors, with a key moderator being likeability.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional survey design to examine whether a target that differed in terms of likeability (liked versus disliked) influenced willingness to engage in kind acts compared to compassionate acts, and the emotional patterns experienced. We recruited 150 participants (83 men, 66 women, 1 other; Mage = 27.85, SD = 10.21) using an online survey platform.

Results
Participants reported less willingness to engage in acts of kindness compared to acts of compassion regardless of target likeability. However, this reduction in willingness was markedly greater for disliked targets. Compassionate acts towards liked targets were associated with significantly higher levels of negative emotions (e.g., irritation, sadness, anger, anxiety, and disgust) when compared to kind acts. Conversely, compassionate acts towards disliked targets elicited less feelings of irritation and anger compared to kind acts.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that kindness and compassion result from separable motivational systems, differing in both the emotions elicited and the willingness to act. Reluctance in helping disliked others is reduced when the action is aimed at reducing suffering.
On the Michor–Mumford phenomenon in the infinite dimensional Heisenberg group
Authors: Magnani Valentino , Tiberio Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the infinite dimensional Heisenberg group, we construct a left invariant weak Riemannian metric that gives a degenerate geodesic distance. The same construction yields a degenerate sub-Riemannian distance. We show how the standard notion of sectional curvature adapts to our framework, but it cannot be defined everywhere and it is unbounded on suitable sequences of planes. The vanishing of the distance precisely occurs along this sequence of planes, so that the degenerate Riemannian distance appears in connection with an unbounded sectional curvature. In the 2005 paper by Michor and Mumford, this phenomenon was first observed in some specific Fréchet manifolds.
Design of a three-nozzle for air spraying based on jet interference effect and numerical study of spraying process
Authors: Xie Xiao-Peng , Wang Yin-An 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the problems of many round-trip time and low spraying efficiency when using single-nozzle, a three-nozzle structure is studied in this paper. The spraying process is numerically simulated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. The discrete phase model is used to predict the trajectory of droplets. The interference flow field is formed due to the entrainment of jet. Paint droplets are transported to the target under the action of gas flow field. The geometry of three-nozzle has a significant influence on the characteristics of the interference flow field. The influence of different distance (L) and axis angle (θ) between two adjacent paint holes on the interference gas flow field and coating thickness distribution are analyzed by changing the structure of three-nozzle. Numerical simulation results show that small L and θ result in strong interference effect, while the paint is mainly concentrated in the central region of the target, which is easy to cause overspray. With the gradual increase of L and θ, the strength of interference gradually decreases and the paint gradually spreads to both sides. However, the strength of interference would become very small when L and θ get too large, which is easy to cause an uneven coating film. According to the numerical simulation results, the best spraying effect can be obtained when L = 40 mm and θ = 30°. Compared with single-nozzle and double-nozzle, the effective coating film width of three-nozzle has increased by 414.3% and 176.9%, respectively, which improves the spraying efficiency.

Article Highlights

For the problem of low efficiency of single nozzle, this paper studies a three-nozzle based on jet interference effect.

The coating film thickness distribution model is established based on numerical simulation, which avoids expensive and time-consuming experiments.

Compared with single-nozzle and double-nozzle, the effective film width of three-nozzle has increased by 414.3% and 176.9%, respectively, which improved the spraying efficiency