bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expenditure pattern on diabetes care: A Community based longitudinal study in resettlement colony of East Delhi
Authors: Thakur Archana , Ray Tapas Kumar , Goel Manish Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the expensive diseases in the world. The cost of care in diabetes is high mainly because of its chronic nature and complications. Moreover, it affects economically productive section of society. But studies on economic impact of diabetes are very limited in India. The present aims to estimate the annual out of pocket expenditure of diabetic care among diabetics living in an underprivileged community of East Delhi. Methodology: A community based one year longitudinal study was conducted in Kalyanpuri area of East Delhi. All the diabetes patients (consecutive sampling) aged more than 25 years and who were the permanent residents of Kalyanpuri, attending the Diabetic Clinic of Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital in November-December 2014were selected for the study. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used as study tool. Each subject was followed up 3 monthly from January 2015-December 2015. Both direct and indirect expenditure were estimated. Results: Total 153 study subjects were selected out of which 2 migrated and 1 died. So, data from 150 study subjects were collected and analyzed. The Mean and median annual expenditure was Rs. 8,958 ±11,704 and Rs. 4,443 respectively. The mean per capita annual direct expenditure was estimated to be Rs 6,821 ± 9,832 and mean annual indirect expenditure was Rs. 2,137 ± 5,622. Inpatient treatment and medicine are two major heads of expenditure. Conclusion: Expenditure on diabetes care among diabetes patients living in underprivileged community was considerably high despite of having well-functioning government hospital in vicinity of study area.
Providers perceptions on postpartum IUCD as an option of postpartum family planning services in India
Authors: Asif Rashmi , Balasubramaniam Sudharsanam Manni , Das Saswati , Joshi Naresh Chandra , Kumar Somesh , Sood Bulbul 
Published: June 2022

Background: With high unmet need for family planning in postpartum period new methods like postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) can reduce the gap between demand and supply. Role of providers is critical in facilitating a client’s decision to choose an appropriate contraceptive method during her postpartum status. Aims & Objectives: To assess the role of providers in facilitating client’s decision to choose an appropriate contraceptive method during her postpartum status. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted as a multi-centric post-training PPIUCD follow up study of providers in eight states of India. From February 2012 to July 2012, 124 PPIUCD trained providers of sixteen hospitals were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire after informed consent. The providers were interviewed for their perceptions on timing and benefits of family planning counseling, procedure ease, side effects and complications of PPIUCD and their perception of client satisfaction of the method. Proportions and mean (SD) were calculated. Results: 66 doctors, 42 nurses and 16 counselors were interviewed. 95% providers felt IUCD is a suitable method for postpartum women. According to 94% doctors, 55% nurses and 88% counselors, antenatal period was the most preferred period for counselling clients. 89% doctors and 69% nurses felt that ideal time of insertion was immediately after delivery of placenta and most preferred Kelly’s placental forceps for insertion. Expulsion was the commonest perceived complication. More than 70% providers felt that clients were satisfied with their decision of choosing PPIUCD as a method with reasons. Conclusions: The results of this descriptive study on providers’ perceptions for IUCD use during the postpartum period showed a positive inclination of the interviewed PPIUCD trained doctors, nurses and counselors towards the method which will help improve access and availability to this service
Place and type of delivery along with assistance during delivery among women residing in a village in South Delhi: Low performance pocket within a high performing state
Authors: Pardeshi Geeta , Roy Neelam , Verma Anita , Ranjan Sneha , Kishore Jugal 
Published: June 2022

Background: Various initiatives have been taken under the National Health Mission to improve coverage of institutional deliveries. Yet there are disparities in the proportion of institutional deliveries between states. A high proportion of non-institutional deliveries was noted in a village under PHC Fatehpur Beri in South Delhi. Aims and Objectives: To study the place, assistance and type of deliveries in this village during the years 2007 to 2016 which is the period when several initiatives were taken up to promote institutional deliveries. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kharak village under PHC, Fatehpur Beri in which data on place and year of delivery, assistance during delivery, type and outcome of deliveries in the period 2007 to 2016 were collected. In analysis, the data for two five year periods were compared using Fishers exact test and odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Trends were assessed by using Mantel-Haenszel test. Changes in the delivery characteristics of two consecutive deliveries were assessed. Results: Of the 312 deliveries, 106 (34%) were institutional deliveries out of which 98 (92%) were in public hospitals. A total of 113 (36%) were assisted by doctors and nurses 44 (14%) were caesarean section deliveries. The proportion of institutional deliveries had increased significantly from 23% in the years 2007-2012 to 42 % in the period 2012 to 2016. [X2=11.76, df=1, p=0.001, OR=2.37(1.44-3.91)]. The proportion of women assisted by trained health professionals during the deliveries also showed a significant rise from 26% to 44% between these time periods. [X2=11.39, df =1, p=0.001, OR=2.3(1.41-3.75)] There was no significant difference in the proportion of caesarean section deliveries between the two study periods. [X2=0.167, df=1, p=0.683, OR=0.87(0.46-1.66)]. There was a significant increase in the proportion of institutional deliveries over the ten year period from 23% to 56% [X2=17.84, df=1, p=0.00]. Conclusion: There are pockets of poor performance on institutional deliveries within high performing states. There is increasing trend in institutional deliveries and assistance by trained health professional in the village but there is huge scope to improve the coverage to match the state and national figures. There is a need to identify the challenges and customize interventions to address them in such pockets
Published research studies conducted amongst Indian medical undergraduate students: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sachdeva Sandeep , Sachdev T R , Sachdeva Ruchi , Dwivedi Nidhi , Taneja Neha 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Evaluation of published original research conducted amongst Indian medical undergraduate students. Methodology: A systematic review was undertaken using keywords “MBBS students” or “medical students” or “health students” or “university students” and “India” through search engines, PUBMED and Google scholar. Considering feasibility, time frame of published original research article was restricted to one-year only i.e. 2016. Research domain, research design, author and other bibliometric details of research manuscript were captured using check-list and analysis carried out using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 99 suitable original research articles were identified under certain criteria and considered in present analysis. With regard to thematic research domain, highest, 29 (29.2%) articles were related to teaching and learning process followed by 13 (13.1%) to mental health (depression, anxiety, sleep, spirituality) of students; 07 (7.0%) were based on physical fitness/ exercise/yoga; and substance abuse (6.0%) amongst medical students etc. Nearly, 86 (86.8%) of articles were cross-sectional descriptive based studies while 13 (13.1%) had intervention based research design. A total of 34 (34.3%) research articles could be labeled as “KAP” (knowledge, attitude and practice) survey. Department wise detail of corresponding author was largely dominated by faculty from pre and para-clinical departments. Highest was community medicine in (35.3%) articles, pharmacology (23.2%), physiology (17.1%), microbiology (6.0%), and biochemistry (4.0%) etc. The studies covered an average sample size of 188.8 MBBS students (20-360, range); 57.5% of research article covered students from only one professional year. However, in 42 (42.4%) articles there was no further mention of gender based sample information. Out of all the references used in research articles, only 57.3% were of recent (2005-2015) origin while the rest were from older time-frame. Conclusion: A systematic evaluation of published original research articles conducted upon MBBS undergraduate students studying in Indian medical colleges was undertaken, probably first of its kind in India. In conclusion, diverse topics of research have been conducted by the teaching faculties and this study provides the over-view of the same
Tobacco use among drivers and conductors in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Parashari Aditya , Ahmad Shahid , Asthana Smita , Saxena Saumya 
Published: June 2022

Background: Tobacco use is the leading global cause of preventable death. There is estimation that three quarters of these deaths will be in low and middle income countries. Very few studies were available on the tobacco habit of transport staff from India. Aims and Objectives: Prevalence of habits for various tobacco products and initiating/ quitting patterns of these habits in Drivers and conductors. Material and Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted on the staff of drivers conductors, technicians of government bus depot. Out of total 903 staff 702 could be contacted and surveyed. Results: The mean age was 36.4 ± 10.3 years. The mean age of initiation was 10-15 years. This have very high rate (77.9%) of tobacco and alcohol use. As a single habit chewing was more popular compared to smoking followed by alcohol. More than half of the chewers consume more than 4 pkts (20-25 grams in weight) of Gutka per day an even 30 to 40 pkts of Gutka consumption in a single day was reported by some staff. Addiction was a common feature for tobacco habit in this community for tobacco use (97%). Peer group pressure was the most important single cause of initiation of tobacco habits. Nearly half (44.3%) tobacco users want to quit the habit. Most common symptoms which tobacco users have were burning sensation in stomach or acidity. Conclusions: Repeated awareness programmes about the ill effect of tobacco and counselling/ de-addiction programmes are very much needed from the transport department and government are needed to improve the situation
Prevalence and biosocial determinants of Potentially Malignant Disorders of Oral Soft Tissue in slum population of Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Agrawal Renu , Misra Sunil Kumar , Prakash Gyan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over thirty per cent of all cancers reported in the country and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority. Early diagnosis is the most important single factor in combating oral cancer and improving the survival rate. Aim and objectives: To find out the prevalence of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of oral soft tissues in above 15 years age population and to find the biosocial determinants of PMDs of oral soft tissues. Material & Methods: Community based, cross sectional study, carried out in a randomly selected urban slum area of Agra, among 1254 individuals of more than 15 years of age. The individuals were interviewed, and oral cavity was examined to detect the PMDs of oral soft tissues. Results: The prevalence of PMDs of oral soft tissues was found 16.45%. Prevalence of sub mucosal fibrosis (SMF) is 10.61% followed by leukoplakia (5.11%) and erythroplakia 0.72%. Prevalence of PMDs in males is 23.22% which is much higher than females 8.24%. Prevalence of SMF is much higher in illiterates 19.01%. Unemployed individuals showed lower prevalence of PMDs i.e. 14.73% in comparison to semiskilled laborers 47.56%. PMD prevalence is higher in lower social classes 17.55%. Conclusion: Prevalence of PMDs is higher in males and illiterates. PMDs of oral soft tissues showed statistically significant increase in prevalence with advancing age. Statistically significantly lower prevalence is found in unemployed and housewives. Prevalence is high among laborers and lower social classes.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of trauma victims in a tertiary care hospital in rural setting of Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Naresh Pal , Singh Ramit Chandra , Singh Vikas , Jain Pankaj K , Gupta Poonam , Singh Anamika 
Published: June 2022

Background: In the present scenario of unprecedented population growth and development in India, we are also facing tremendous increase in cases of trauma victims and this burden is not only in economic terms, but also has significant physical, mental and social impacts. Aim and objectives: To determine the clinic-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of trauma victims in a tertiary care hospital in rural setting. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out on 700 trauma victims reporting the hospital at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh for a duration of one and half year i.e. from January, 2015 to June, 2016. A clinico-epidemiological profile of the study subjects including specific details like mechanism and type of injuries, interval of presentation of trauma victims to the hospital and treatment outcome of the injury was recorded. The data was analysed using spss software 21st version. Results: Study revealed that nearly two-thirds (63.43%) of the studied trauma victims were in the 10-40 years of age-group with three-fourth of them being males (75.57%). Road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury (68.86%). Majority (88.0%) of trauma victims needed admission for management of injuries. Conclusion: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is the major form of trauma received by the people and that too in majority by the youths hence proper behaviour change communication and health education regarding safety measures to prevent trauma should be provided to the youths.
The willingness for using mobile phone for health education among women caregivers of under 5 children in an urban resettlement colony in Delhi, India
Authors: Basu Saurav , Garg Suneela , Kumar Rajesh , Shukla Anshul 
Published: June 2022

Background: The delivery of health education through mobile phones either through voice calls or text messages (mHealth) provide valuable opportunities for bridging gaps in maternal and child healthcare in resource constrained settings. Aims & Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess willingness to receive m-Health services among women caregivers of under-5 children. Material & Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study in an urban resettlement colony of North East District of Delhi during the period from September’ 2016 to Feb’ 2017. We enrolled 201 adult women up to 35 years of age who were active caregiver of at-least one under 5 child in their familial household. Results: The mean age of the women was 26.4 and mean years of schooling was 10.1 years. Nearly three-fourth (73.2%) could read text messages (SMS) while more than a third (36.8%) were using mobile internet services. The willingness to receive mHealth services for health promotion was affirmed by 157 (78.2%) subjects but it was significantly lower in women with low educational attainment. Conclusion: There exists a strong unmet need for mHealth services among young women caregivers of under 5 children. However, bridging the digital divide is a key challenge towards advancing mHealth for all.
Bioavailability & absorption of Iron and Anemia
Authors: Kapil Radhika 
Published: June 2022

Humans derive iron from their everyday diet, predominantly from plant foods and the rest from foods of animal origin. Iron is found in food as either haem or non-haem iron. Haem iron, which is about up to 40 per cent of the iron in meat, poultry, and fish, is well absorbed. All the iron in plants (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts) is in the form of non-haem iron and is relatively poorly absorbed. Non-haem iron contributes about 90-95 per cent of total daily iron in vegan diets. In western countries,the intake of haem iron from meat and meat products accounts for bulk of the dietary iron. The haem iron consumption is minimal in developing countries with majority obtaining non-haem iron from cereals, pulses, vegetables and fruits'. The diets is plagued by low iron content and poor absorption. Major sources of non-haem iron are plant foods. The iron is chemically diverse, ranging from simple iron oxides and salts to more complex organic chelates such as hydroxyphosphates in phytoferritin(1).
Magnitude of depression and its determinants among older persons in urban community of Agra
Authors: Singh Anshumali , Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Misra Sunil Kumar , Agrawal Renu , Sinha Vishal 
Published: June 2022

Background: With increasing life expectancy people are living longer but they are not necessarily healthier than before. Nearly a quarter (23%) of the overall global burden of death and illness is in people aged over 60, and much of this burden is attributable to long-term illness like non-communicable diseases and mental health problems. Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study the magnitude of depression among elderly population of Agra. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of depression in elderly population of Agra. 2. To study the factors associated with depression among elderly population of Agra. Material and Methods: This study was conducted among 355 elderly in urban Agra. Data was collected by house to house visit using pre-designed and pre-tested schedule. Geriatric depression scale (GDS-30) was used to assess the burden of depression in study population. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 68.05 years. Depression was found in 50.1% among study population and 15.5% had severe depression. Depression was more among the Illiterates, Muslims, financial dependents, those who were suffering from chronic disease/s, encountered a stressor in the last 6 months, less religious, not living with partner or suffered elderly abuse. Conclusion: High burden of depression was found among the victims of elderly abuse. Stressful life events and absence of spouse were found to be significant risk factors for depression. To deal with these factors we suggest a link worker Geriatric Age Social Health Agent (G-ASHA) to act as a link between family, community and authorities.
Spiritual dimension of health: an ignored aspect of adolescent care and parenting
Authors: Bansal Rahul 
Published: June 2022

Are we not disturbed that more and more adolescents are getting involved in negative lifestyles like drug use, too much of fast foods, very less physical activity leading to poor health outcomes? “22% Rohilkhand teens may become impotent” say a Times of India article dated 11th Jan,2016. The article says that hormonal imbalance, adulterated food, depression and watching too much porn in formative years are reasons behind this. “Even 9 years old are taking drugs: Report”- another glaring headline in Times of India on 20th Jan, 2015 this article highlights following – 20% of child and adolescent population have mental illnesses; substance use rate of 40% - 88% reported in various studies on street children in different metros. Among students of rural Tamil Nadu, 10% of children were found to be hypertensive (1).
In a study in Dehradun it was found that 24% of unmarried girls had polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which is also a lifestyle disease (2). Moreover, there were recent headlines in past couple of years showing that children as young as 10-12 years are indulging in serious crimes like shooting/stabbing/raping, etc.
Vitamin D Status in Cold Trans-Himalayan Deserts at Altitude of 4000 meter and above in India
Authors: Sharma Neetu , Sharma Brij , Singh Gajendra , Gupta Anmol , Sharma Rajesh , Kapil Umesh 
Published: June 2022

Recent scientific evidence suggests there is high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in India. There is paucity of scientific data on Vitamin D status in population residing at high altitude regions in India. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine Vitamin D status of adult population residing at altitude of 4000 meter and above in Himachal Pradesh, India.
A total of 105 subjects aged 19-56 years were recruited (3 subjects per village) from 35 villages in Lahaul & Spiti district. The data on socio-demographic profile was collected by administering a questionnaire. Venous blood samples were withdrawn. Serum 25-OHD level was measured by using direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient (<20ng/ml), insufficient (21-29ng/ml) and sufficient (?30ng/ml).
The mean±SD level of 25-OHD was 14.76±7.03 ng/ml. The subjects with vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 83.8%, 11.4% and 4.8%, respectively suggestive of significant Vitamin D deficiency in high altitude Lahaul & Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh.
Modified BG Prasad Socio-economic Classification, Update - 2019
Authors: Pandey Vivek Kumar , Aggarwal Pradeep , Kakkar Rakesh 
Published: June 2022

Modified BG Prasad socioeconomic scale has been in use for determining the socio-economic status of study subjects in community-based health studies in India since 1961.It is an income-based scale and, therefore, constant update is required to take inflation and depreciation of rupee into account. For industrial workers (IW), the consumer price index (CPI) is used to calculate updated income categories at any given point of time, viz Jan 2019.
These details of the calculations involved will help many researchers to calculate specific income categories for their ongoing and prospective research work in current calendar year. On the Department of Labour website (www.labourbureaunew.gov.in), state-specific CPI values are also available and should be used to determine more accurate income categories.
An Assessment of Home-Based Newborn Care Plus Innovation in Six districts of Rajasthan: A Cross Sectional Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yonzon Kezia Katherine , Dehingia Nabamallika , Alwadhi Varun , Singh Kultar , Kumar Harish , Bhat Ashfaq Ahmed , Khanna Rajat , Khera Ajay 
Published: June 2022

Background: To improve coverage of key child health community practices, Home Based Infant Care (HBNC+) was implemented with support of Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) in 4 States of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. The innovation aimed at improving coverage of key child health interventions through home visits by community health worker, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA). Aims & Objective: This paper elucidates the results from the assessment of implementation in intervention versus control districts of Rajasthan. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional intervention-control design with a sample size of 3211 mothers of children in age group 0 to 23 months was adopted. Results: 85 percent of the children (aged 3-23 months) received at least one infant care home visit in the intervention districts in comparison to 32 percent in control. Significant improvements were found in terms of exclusive breastfeeding, weighing and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) consumption and availability of ORS and Iron Syrup in intervention districts. 15 percent additional children had weight plotted in growth charts and 24 percent more consumed IFA syrup bi-weekly in intervention districts. Conclusion: Home visits in infancy is a scalable model and can lead to improvement of community child health practices.