bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Performance in Laparoscopic Suturing and Knot Tying: A Cohort Study
Authors: Armbrust Lina , Lenz Moritz , Elrod Julia , Kiwit Antonia , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Johannes , Boettcher Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Laparoscopic suturing and knot tying are regarded as some of the most difficult laparoscopic skills to learn. Training is essential to reach proficiency, but available training opportunities are limited. Various techniques to improve training have been evaluated. It appears that individual-related factors affect initial performance and response to training. Thus, the current study aimed to assess factors influencing laparoscopic-suturing and knot-tying performances.
Methods All patients were trained one-on-one (teacher–student) for 3 hours. Patients were tested before training (bowel anastomosis model) and directly after training (congenital diaphragmatic hernia or esophageal atresia model) to evaluate transferability. Primary endpoints were time, knot quality, precision, knot strength, and overall laparoscopic knotting performance. Moreover, factors such as (1) age, (2) gender, (3) handedness, (4) previous training or operative experience, (5) playing an instrument, (6) sportive activities, and (7) computer gaming which may influence the primary endpoints were assessed.
Results In total, 172 medical students or novice surgical residents were included. Training significantly improved all outcome parameters assessed in the current study. More than 50% of the patients reached proficiency after 3 hours of training. Personal factors like operative experience, playing music instruments, sportive activities, and computer gaming affected some outcome parameters. Handedness and gender affected initial performance but differences partially subsided after training. Younger participants showed a much better response to training.
Conclusion In conclusion, several factors influence initial performance and response to the training of laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. Surgeons who want to improve their laparoscopic performance, should concentrate on playing a musical instrument and performing sports rather than playing videos gaming. It appears that training is a key and more practice opportunities should be incorporated into medical school and surgical curricula. Moreover, handedness may affect the outcome but only if the training concepts are not tailored to the dominant hand of the surgeon. Future training and surgical curricula should adapt to this and tailor their concepts accordingly.
Outcomes after Surgical Treatment for Rectal Atresia in Children: Is There a Preferred Approach? A Systematic Review
Authors: de Beaufort Cunera M. C. , Derikx Joep P. M. , de Jong Justin R. , Burchell George L. , Bosscha Sterre R. J. , de Beer Sjoerd A. , van Heurn Lodewijk W. Ernest , Gorter Ramon R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRectal atresia (RA) affects only 1 to 2% of all children with anorectal malformations. No consensus on optimal treatment strategy is yet achieved. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize all surgical interventions for RA and outcomes described in the current literature. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on January 24, 2022. All studies describing treatment for RA in children (< 18 years) were included. Operation technique and postoperative complications were listed. Only descriptive analysis was anticipated. Quality of the studies was assessed using Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case reports and series. The search yielded 6,716 studies of which, after duplicate removal, 4,028 were excluded based on title and abstract screening. After full-text assessment, 22 of 90 studies were included, yielding 70 patients. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and pull-through were most performed (43/70 and 18/70 patients, respectively). Four patients experienced postoperative complications: anal stenosis (n = 1), anastomotic stenosis (n = 2), and death due to a pulmonary complication (n = 1). In the low-quality literature available, most patients with RA are treated with PSARP or pull-through technique. A low complication rate of both has been described but follow-up was often not mentioned. Larger well-designed studies should be performed to determine optimal treatment strategy for children with RA. This study reflects level of evidence V.
Integrating a Patient Engagement App into an Electronic Health Record-Enabled Workflow Using Interoperability Standards
Authors: Lobach David F. , Boxwala Aziz , Kashyap Nitu , Heaney-Huls Krysta , Chiao Andrew B. , Rafter Thomas , Lomotan Edwin A. , Harrison Michael I. , Dymek Chris , Swiger James , Dullabh Prashila 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Patient use of mobile health applications is increasing. To promote patient-centered care, data from these apps must be integrated into clinician workflows within the electronic health record (EHR). Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) offers a standards-based application programming interface (API) that may support such integration.
Objective We aimed to use interoperability standards to integrate a patient mobile application (coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19] Tracker) with an EHR. The COVID-19 Tracker engages patients by sending introductory and reminder text messages, collecting vital signs and symptom data from COVID-19 patients, and providing actionable guidance if concerning issues are identified. This case report explored the use of FHIR APIs to integrate the app into EHR-enabled clinical workflows.
Methods The authors used notes from project meetings and from semistructured discussions among the application development team to track the design and implementation processes. Seven points of integration between the application and the EHR were identified, and approaches using FHIR to perform these integrations were delineated.
Results Although this clinical decision support integration project benefited from its standards-based approach, many challenges were encountered. These were due to (1) partial implementation of the FHIR standard in the EHR, particularly, components needed for patient engagement applications; (2) limited experience with the adoption of FHIR standards; and (3) gaps in the current FHIR standard. Alternative approaches, often not based on interoperability standards, were developed to overcome these limitations.
Conclusion Despite the challenges encountered due to the early stages of FHIR development and adoption, FHIR standards provide a promising mechanism for overcoming longstanding barriers and facilitating the integration of patient engagement apps with EHRs. To accelerate the integration of apps into clinical workflows, additional components of the FHIR standard must be implemented within the EHR and other clinical systems. Continued expansion of available FHIR resources will help with tighter workflow integration.
Ferromagnetism enhancement by increasing oxygen vacancies in Co-doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Udagawa Kota , Murayama Mariko , Zhao Xinwei 
Published: December 2022

In the reported study, thin films of ZnO doped with 10 wt. % Co were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition under different oxygen partial pressures. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the valence state of the Co ions is 2+ and that the number of oxygen vacancies is increased by lowering the oxygen partial pressure during deposition. The results of UV–visible absorption spectroscopy show that the Co2+ ions substitute for the Zn sites in the ZnO lattice. Ferromagnetism in the Co-doped ZnO thin films is observed up to 300 K. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization increases as the oxygen partial pressure decreases, indicating a strong correlation between the number of oxygen vacancies and the saturation magnetization. This suggests that ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO can be enhanced by simply controlling the oxygen partial pressure that causes oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, how the mechanism for the expression of ferromagnetism can be explained by the bound magnetic polaron model is discussed.
Basic postulates of some coordinate transformations within material media
Authors: Weng Zi-Hua 
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to explore the physical quantities of several invariants, including the basic postulates of some types of crucial coordinate transformations, conservation laws, and continuity equations, in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Maxwell first utilized quaternions to describe the electromagnetic theory. Subsequent scholars make use of octonions to study the physical properties of electromagnetic and gravitational fields simultaneously, including the octonion field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque, and force. When an octonion coordinate system transforms rotationally, the scalar part of one octonion will remain unchanged, although the vector part of the octonion may alter. In the octonion space O, some invariants can be derived from this octonion property. A part of these invariants can be selected as the basic postulates of Galilean transformation or Lorentz transformation. Similarly, several invariants can be derived from the octonion property in the transformed octonion space Ou, and the invariants can be chosen as the basic postulates of a few new types of coordinate transformations. Furthermore, the combination of invariants in the octonion spaces can be applied as the basic postulates of some new coordinate transformations, relevant to the norm of physical quantities. Through the analysis, it is easy to find that each conserved quantity has its preconditions from the perspective of octonion spaces. This is helpful to deepen the further understanding of the physical properties of conservation laws and other invariants.
Precise spatial structure impacts antimicrobial susceptibility of
S. aureus
in polymicrobial wound infections
Authors: Ibberson Carolyn B. , Barraza Juan P. , Holmes Avery L. , Cao Pengbo , Whiteley Marvin 
Published: December 2022

A hallmark of microbial ecology is that interactions between members of a community shape community function. This includes microbial communities in human infections, such as chronic wounds, where interactions can result in more severe diseases.
Staphylococcus aureus
is the most common organism isolated from human chronic wound infections and has been shown to have both cooperative and competitive interactions with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Still, despite considerable study, most interactions between these microbes have been characterized using in vitro well-mixed systems, which do not recapitulate the infection environment. Here, we characterized interactions between
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
in chronic murine wounds, focusing on the role that both macro- and micro-scale spatial structures play in disease. We discovered that
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
coexist at high cell densities in murine wounds. High-resolution imaging revealed that these microbes establish a patchy distribution, only occupying 5 to 25% of the wound volume. Using a quantitative framework, we identified a precise spatial structure at both the macro (mm)- and micro (µm)-scales, which was largely mediated by
P. aeruginosa
production of the antimicrobial 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, while the antimicrobial pyocyanin had no impact. Finally, we discovered that this precise spatial structure enhances
S. aureus
tolerance to aminoglycoside antibiotics but not vancomycin. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the biogeography of
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
coinfected wounds and implicate spatial structure as a key determinant of antimicrobial tolerance in wound infections.
The wake of a rectangular flat plate
Authors: Montes Gomez E , Sumner D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mean wake of a three-dimensional surface-mounted rectangular flat plate was studied experimentally in a low-speed wind tunnel for four different aspect (height-to-width) ratios, AR = 3, 2, 1, and 0.5. The Reynolds number based on the plate width was Re = 3.8 × 104 and the boundary layer thickness on the ground plane, relative to the plate width, was δ/W = 1.1. The incidence angle of the plate was varied from α = 0° (where the plate is normal to the flow) to α = 90° (where the plate is parallel to the flow). The mean velocity and vorticity fields in the wake were measured using a seven-hole pressure probe. At α = 0°, the length of the recirculation zone behind the plate becomes progressively shorter as the aspect ratio is lowered and follows the same tendency as that of a finite square prism. The wakes of the slenderer flat plates of AR = 3 and 2 are characterised by two pairs of streamwise vortices: a pair of tip vortices in the upper wake and a pair of ground-plane vortices on the lower edges of the wake. With increasing incidence angle, a single tip vortex comes to dominate the wake, secondary vorticity is induced at various locations, a ‘traffic light’ vortex pattern may form, and ultimately a familiar wing-tip (trailing) vortex develops. In contrast, flow downstream of the less slender flat plates of AR = 1 and 0.5 is characterised by a single pair of large streamwise vortices, which become asymmetric with increasing incidence. Close to the flat plate of AR = 0.5, and at small incidence angles only, a unique pair of small inner vorticity concentrations, of opposite sense of rotation to the main streamwise vortices, is found in the upper part of the wake.
Study on new process of electroless copper plating pretreatment on carbon fiber surface
Authors: Hui Wang Qing , Song Li Xue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In general, conventional carbon fiber surface pretreatment, with palladium, silver, and other precious metals as activators, increases its surface activity by initiating redox reactions for metallization, whereas it exhibits a high cost and poor economy. In this study, copper-nickel mixed colloids with low cost served as the activators, and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were employed as sensitizing reducing agents to successfully plate copper on the surface of carbon fibers. Subsequently, the morphology of the treated samples was characterized through SEM and XPS to explore the pretreatment process of the carbon fiber surface. The results indicated that the carbon fiber exhibited the optimal debinding effect at 55°C and the heating time was longer than 120 min. The result indicated that coarsening effect of 65% concentrated nitric acid was the optimal. The activation effect of copper-nickel mixed colloid was the optimal, and the surface quality of the coating was the optimal.
Building robust machine learning models for small chemical science data: the case of shear viscosity of fluids
Authors: Avula Nikhil V S , Veesam Shivanand Kumar , Behera Sudarshan , Balasubramanian Sundaram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shear viscosity, though being a fundamental property of all fluids, is computationally expensive to calculate from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have been used to augment molecular simulations in many contexts, thus showing promise to estimate viscosity too in a relatively inexpensive manner. However, ML methods face significant challenges—such as overfitting, when the size of the data set is small, as is the case with viscosity. In this work, we train seven ML models to predict the shear viscosity of a Lennard–Jones fluid, with particular emphasis on addressing issues arising from a small data set. Specifically, the issues related to model selection, performance estimation and uncertainty quantification were investigated. First, we show that the widely used performance estimation procedure of using a single unseen data set shows a wide variability—in estimating the errors on—small data sets. In this context, the common practice of using cross validation (CV) to select the hyperparameters (model selection) can be adapted to estimate the generalization error (performance estimation) as well. We compare two simple CV procedures for their ability to do both model selection and performance estimation, and find that k-fold CV based procedure shows a lower variance of error estimates. Also, these CV procedures naturally lead to an ensemble of trained ML models. We discuss the role of performance metrics in training and evaluation and propose a method to rank the ML models based on multiple metrics. Finally, two methods for uncertainty quantification—Gaussian process regression (GPR) and ensemble method—were used to estimate the uncertainty on individual predictions. The uncertainty estimates from GPR were also used to construct an applicability domain using which the ML models provided even more reliable predictions on an independent viscosity data set generated in this work. Overall, the procedures prescribed in this work, together, lead to robust ML models for small data sets.
The great compromise
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“The great compromise” examines how the constitutional convention shaped the nature of Congress. This resulted in a proportionally representative House of Representatives and an equality of the states in the Senate. Without this “Great Compromise” the framers of the Constitution would have been unable to progress and there would be no Constitution. The rejection of a parliamentary model and the way Congress has developed and the respective roles of the House of Representatives and the Senate are set in the context of the wider Constitution. Compromise, negotiation, and bipartisanship are all key elements in the life of the U.S. Congress.
Performance of a parasitic plant and its effects on hosts depends on the interactions between parasite seed family and host species
Authors: Moncalvillo Belén , Matthies Diethart 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Root hemiparasitic plants act as keystone species influencing plant community composition through their differential suppression of host species. Their own performance also strongly depends on interactions with host species. However, little is known about the roles of parasite genetic variation vs. plasticity in these interactions. We grew plants from eight maternal families of the root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus with six potential host species (two grasses, two legumes and two forbs) and without a host and measured fitness-related and morphological traits of the parasite, host biomass and overall productivity. Parasite biomass and other traits showed strong plastic variation in response to different host species, but were also affected by parasite maternal family. Parasite seed families responded differently to the hosts, indicating genetic variation that could serve as the basis for adaptation to different host plants. However, there were no negative correlations in the performance of families across different hosts, indicating that R. alectorolophus has plastic generalist genotypes and is not constrained in its use of different host species by trade-offs in performance. Parasite effects on host biomass (which may indicate virulence) and total productivity (host + parasite biomass) depended on the specific combination of parasite family and host species. Mean biomass of hosts with a parasite family and mean biomass of that family tended to be negatively correlated, suggesting selection for maximum resource extraction from the hosts. Specialization of generalist root hemiparasites may be restricted by a lack of trade-offs in performance across hosts, together with strong spatial and temporal variation in host species availability. The genetic variation in the effects on different hosts highlights the importance of genetic diversity of hemiparasites for their effects on plant community structure and productivity and for the success of using them to restore grassland diversity.
Efficient computation of contributional diversity metrics from microbiome data with FuncDiv
Authors: Douglas Gavin M , Kim Sunu , Langille Morgan G I , Shapiro B Jesse 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Microbiome datasets with taxa linked to the functions (e.g. genes) they encode are becoming more common as metagenomics sequencing approaches improve. However, these data are challenging to analyze due to their complexity. Summary metrics, such as the alpha and beta diversity of taxa contributing to each function (i.e. contributional diversity), represent one approach to investigate these data, but currently there are no straightforward methods for doing so.

Results
We addressed this gap by developing FuncDiv, which efficiently performs these computations. Contributional diversity metrics can provide novel insights that would be impossible to identify without jointly considering taxa and functions.

Availability and implementation
FuncDiv is distributed under a GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 and is available at https://github.com/gavinmdouglas/FuncDiv.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reviewing knowledgebase and database grant proposals in the life sciences: the role of innovation
Authors: Karp Peter D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article offers thoughts on reviewing grant proposals for biological knowledgebases and databases (KDs) in the hope of aiding grant reviewers and applicants in addressing the issue of innovation. Assessing such grant proposals involves a number of subtleties that are worthy of discussion, particularly for new reviewers and applicants. In part, this article is motivated by the release of two funding opportunity announcements by the US National Institutes of Health concerning KDs. We find that the amount of innovation required for different KD projects can vary significantly, particularly depending on where in its life cycle a given project is. Strong innovation is not necessarily required to have an impactful KD project. For example, PubMed has low innovation but high impact. The importance of innovation should be weighted differently for different KD projects depending on the challenges they face and their maturity. The score for the overall impact of a grant proposal might have little dependence on the innovation score, such as for a mature project that is already delivering strong impact.