bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of contrast-enhanced electrical impedance tomography for real-time imaging of cerebral perfusion
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Ye Jian’an , Jiao Yang , Zhang Weirui , Zhang Tao , Tian Xiang , Shi Xuetao , Fu Feng , Wang Liang , Xu Canhua 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundReal-time detection of cerebral blood perfusion can prevent adverse reactions, such as cerebral infarction and neuronal apoptosis. Our previous clinical trial have shown that the infusion of therapeutic fluid can significantly change the impedance distribution in the brain. However, whether this alteration implicates the cerebral blood perfusion remains unclear. To explore the feasibility of monitoring cerebral blood perfusion, the present pilot study established a novel cerebral contrast-enhanced electrical impedance tomography (C-EIT) technique.Materials and methodsRabbits were randomly divided into two groups: the internal carotid artery non-occlusion (ICAN) and internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) groups. Both of groups were injected with glucose, an electrical impedance-enhanced contrast agent, through the right internal carotid artery under EIT monitoring. The C-EIT reconstruction images of the rabbits brain were analyzed according to the collected raw data. The paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the remodeled impedance values of the left and right cerebral hemispheres within and between studied groups, respectively. Moreover, pathological examinations of brain were performed immediately after C-EIT monitoring.ResultsAccording to the reconstructed images, the impedance value of the left cerebral hemisphere in the ICAN group did not change significantly, whereas the impedance value of the right cerebral hemisphere gradually increased, reaching a peak at approximately 10 s followed by gradually decreased. In the ICAO group, the impedance values of both cerebral hemispheres increased gradually and then began to decrease after reaching the peak value. According to the paired t-test, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) in the remodeling impedance values between the left and right hemispheres in the ICAN group, and there was also a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) in the ICAO group. According to the independent t-test, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) of the left hemispheres between the ICAN and ICAO groups.ConclusionThe cerebral C-EIT proposed in this pilot study can reflect cerebral blood perfusion. This method has potential in various applications in the brain in the future, including disease progression monitoring, collateral circulation judgment, tumor-specific detection, and brain function research.
Neuroprotective effect of Src kinase in hypoxia-ischemia: A systematic review
Authors: Christidis Panagiotis , Vij Abhya , Petousis Stamatios , Ghaemmaghami Javid , Shah Bhairav V. , Koutroulis Ioannis , Kratimenos Panagiotis 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the application of therapeutic hypothermia has improved neurodevelopmental outcomes for some survivors of HIE, this lone treatment option is only available to a subset of affected neonates. Src kinase, an enzyme central to the apoptotic cascade, is a potential pharmacologic target to preserve typical brain development after HIE. Here, we present evidence of the neuroprotective effects of targeting Src kinase in preclinical models of HIE.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database to compile studies examining the impact of Src kinase regulation on neurodevelopment in animal models. Each eligible study was assessed for bias.ResultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria, and most studies had an intermediate risk for bias. Together, these studies showed that targeting Src kinase resulted in a neuroprotective effect as assessed by neuropathology, enzymatic activity, and neurobehavioral outcomes.ConclusionSrc kinase is an effective neuroprotective target in the setting of acute hypoxic injury. Src kinase inhibition triggers multiple signaling pathways of the sub-membranous focal adhesions and the nucleus, resulting in modulation of calcium signaling and prevention of cell death. Despite the significant heterogeneity of the research studies that we examined, the available evidence can serve as proof-of-concept for further studies on this promising therapeutic strategy.
Applications of T1 and T2 relaxation time calculation in tissue differentiation and cancer diagnostics—a systematic literature review
Authors: Micek Marta , Aebisher David , Surówka Justyna , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Madera Michał 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of this review was to summarize current applications of non-contrast-enhanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in tissue differentiation, considering healthy tissues as well as comparisons of malignant and benign samples. The analysis concentrates mainly on the epithelium and epithelial breast tissue, especially breast cancer.MethodsA systematic review has been performed based on current recommendations by publishers and foundations. An exhaustive overview of currently used techniques and their potential in medical sciences was obtained by creating a search strategy and explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results and DiscussionPubMed and Elsevier (Scopus &amp; Science Direct) search was narrowed down to studies reporting T1 or T2 values of human tissues, resulting in 404 initial candidates, out of which roughly 20% were found relevant and fitting the review criteria. The nervous system, especially the brain, and connective tissue such as cartilage were the most frequently analyzed, while the breast remained one of the most uncommon subjects of studies. There was little agreement between published T1 or T2 values, and methodologies and experimental setups differed strongly. Few contemporary (after 2000) resources have been identified that were dedicated to studying the relaxation times of tissues and their diagnostic applications. Most publications concentrate on recommended diagnostic standards, for example, breast acquisition of T1- or T2-weighted images using gadolinium-based contrast agents. Not enough data is available yet to decide how repeatable or reliable analysis of relaxation times is in diagnostics, so it remains mainly a research topic. So far, qMRI might be recommended as a diagnostic help providing general insight into the nature of lesions (benign vs. malignant). However, additional means are generally necessary to differentiate between specific lesion types.
In vivo modelling of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: The role of SOCS1
Authors: Luo Yixin , Vermeer Maarten H. , de Gruijl Frank R. , Zoutman Willem H. , Sluijter Marjolein , van Hall Thorbald , Tensen Cornelis P. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionMycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma (CTCL), is characterized by an inflamed skin intermixed with proliferating malignant mature skin-homing CD4+ T cells. Detailed genomic analyses of MF skin biopsies revealed several candidate genes possibly involved in genesis of these tumors and/or potential targets for therapy. These studies showed, in addition to common loss of cell cycle regulator CDKN2A, activation of several oncogenic pathways, most prominently and consistently involving JAK/STAT signaling. SOCS1, an endogenous inhibitor of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, was identified as a recurrently deleted gene in MF, already occurring in the earliest stages of the disease.MethodsTo explore the mechanisms of MF, we create in vivo mouse models of autochthonous CTCLs and these genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMS) can also serve as valid experimental models for targeted therapy. We describe the impact of allelic deletion of Socs1 in CD4 T cells of the skin. To achieve this, we crossed inducible Cre-transgenic mice in the CD4 lineage with transgenic mice carrying floxed genes of Socs1. We first determined optimal conditions for Socs1 ablation with limited effects on circulating CD4 T-cells in blood. Next, we started time-course experiments mimicking sustained inflammation, typical in CTCL. FACS analysis of the blood was done every week. Skin biopsies were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining at the end of the experiment.ResultsWe found that the Socs1 knockout transgenic group had thicker epidermis of treated skin compared with the control group and had more CD3 and CD4 in the skin of the transgenic group compared to the control group. We also noted more activation of Stat3 by staining for P-Stat3 in Socs1 knockout compared to wt CD4+T cells in the skin. The results also indicated that single copy loss of Socs1 in combination with sustained inflammation is insufficient to start a phenotype resembling early stage mycosis fungoides within eight weeks in these mice.ConclusionIn sum, we developed and optimized an autochthonous murine model permitting selective knockout of Socs1 in skin infiltrating CD4 T-cells. This paves the way for more elaborate experiments to gain insight in the oncogenesis of CTCL.
V˙O2 kinetics and tethered strength influence the 200-m front crawl stroke kinematics and speed in young male swimmers
Authors: Sokołowski Kamil , Bartolomeu Raul Filipe , Barbosa Tiago Manuel , Strzała Marek 
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the fast component of oxygen consumption developed in 1-min V˙O2 and force indices both measured in tethered swimming test and to assess the influence of the gathered indices on speed and swimming kinematics in 200-m front crawl race.Methods: Forty-eight male swimmers (aged 13.5 ± 0.9 years old) participated in this study. Testing included 1) 1-min all-out front crawl tethered swimming while oxygen consumption (breath by breath) and tethered forces were measured, 2) 200-m front crawl race-like swimming featuring kinematic analysis, and 3) biological age (BA) examination.Results: During the 1-min all-out tethered swimming test, a linear increase in oxygen consumption was observed. There were moderate to high partial correlations between particular periods of seconds in the 1-min V˙O2: 31–60, 41–60, and 51–60 and Fmax, Fave, and Iave of tethered swimming, while 41–60 and 51–60 V˙O2 were moderately to highly interrelated with all the swimming speed indices and SI. The swimming speed indices significantly interplayed with SL, SI, Fmax, Fave, and Iave. Partial correlations were computed with BA control.Conclusion: The ability of reaching a high level of V˙O2 fast is essential for a swimmer’s energy production at short- and middle-distance events. Reaching a high level of V˙O2 significantly determines tethered strength and swimming kinematics. The level of V˙O2 influences the maintenance of a proper pulling force and the stroke technique of front crawl swimming in young male swimmers.
Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass
Authors: Argyrides Marios , Anastasiades Elly 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionTo date, research on eating behaviors has largely taken a pathological approach. Researchers are increasingly taking a positive approach to explore adaptive eating styles. One such style that has recently received much research attention is intuitive eating. Recent work examining intuitive eating and its relationships with body mass and gender has yielded mixed findings. The current study explored the differential effects of gender and body mass on intuitive eating scores in a sample of Greek-Cypriot adults.MethodA total of 1,312 adult participants (women n = 655; Mage = 34.49) completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and provided demographic information. ResultsOur analyses revealed that men reported significantly higher intuitive eating scores than women. Body mass was significantly inversely associated with intuitive eating in both men and women. Additionally, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant interaction effects between gender and body mass on intuitive eating. These interaction effects were explored for each of the four subscales of intuitive eating, identifying differential associations for intuitive eating and BMI between men and women. DiscussionBoth gender and body mass are important factors which influence intuitive eating levels in Greek-Cypriot adults. Discussions of how these findings can inform future research, theory and practice are presented.
Salivary oxytocin in autistic patients and in patients with intellectual disability
Authors: Pichugina Yulia A. , Maksimova Irina V. , Berezovskaya Marina A. , Afanaseva Natalya A. , Pichugin Aleksey B. , Dmitrenko Diana V. , Timechko Elena E. , Salmina Alla B. , Lopatina Olga L. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAssessing the role of oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of social interaction is a promising area that opens up new opportunities for studying the mechanisms of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD).AimTo assess the correlation between the salivary OT level and age-related and psychopathological symptoms of children with intellectual disability (ID) and ASD.MethodsWe used the clinical and psychopathological method to assess the signs of ASD based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the severity of ASD was specified by the selected Russian type version “Childhood Autism Rating Scale” (CARS). Patients of both groups had an IQ score below 70 points.ResultsThe median and interquartile range of salivary OT levels in patients with ID and ASD were 23.897 [14.260–59.643] pg/mL, and in the group ID without ASD - Me = 50.896 [33.502–83.774] pg/mL (p = 0.001). The severity of ASD on the CARS scale Me = 51.5 [40.75–56.0] score in the group ID with ASD, and in the group ID without ASD—at the level of Me = 32 [27.0–38.0] points (p &lt; 0.001). According to the results of correlation-regression analysis in the main group, a direct correlation was established between salivary OT level and a high degree of severity of ASD Rho = 0.435 (p = 0.005). There was no correlation between the salivary OT level and intellectual development in the group ID with ASD, Rho = 0.013 (p = 0.941) and we have found a relationship between oxytocin and intellectual development in the group ID without ASD, Rho = 0.297 (p = 0.005). There was no correlation between salivary OT and age, ASD and age.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that patients in the group ID with ASD demonstrated a lower level of salivary OT concentration and a direct relationship between the maximum values of this indicator and the severity of autistic disorders, in contrast to patients in the group ID without ASD.
Relationship between social support and schizophrenia relapse among patients with schizophrenia on follow-up at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Samuel Tinbete , Nigussie Kabtamu , Mirkena Yohannes , Azale Telake 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSevere mental illnesses affect about 4% of the adult population worldwide. The illness is highly related to the relapse rate and can cause cognitive, social, and functional deterioration in patients. While there are some factors that are known to be protective of the occurrence of relapse in schizophrenia, having good social support is found to be one of the strongest factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association between relapse and poor social support in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWith unmatched case-control (case—patients with schizophrenia with poor social support and controls—patients with schizophrenia with good social support), the study included 408 patients with schizophrenia on a follow-up at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from March to May; 2020. The convenience sampling technique was used to draw the participants. Social support was assessed by the Oslo social support scale (Oslo-3), whereas Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale and Medication Adherence Rating Scale-10 (MARS-10) were used to assess the emotion expressed and adherence to medication, respectively. Epidemiological Information (Epi Info) version 7 was used for data coding and entry, which were then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 for analysis. Unconditioned binary logistic regression analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were carried out.ResultsOut of 408 samples, 396 participants, of which 194 were cases and 202 were controls, were included in the study with a response rate of 97.06%. The mean and standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 36.06 ± 9.842 years. From 194 cases, 61.1% of them were reported to have poor social support. In multiple logistic regression, only social support was found to be statistically significant [p &lt; 0.001, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.102, confidence interval (CI) (95%) = (1.985–4.848)]. Hence, the odds of having relapse were 3.102 higher in those who have poor social support when compared to those with good social support. Emotional involvement, financial problems, and stressful life events were found to indirectly affect relapse by having a negative correlation with social support.ConclusionThe present study showed that there was a relationship between relapse and social support, and this indicates that social support can be a good predictor of schizophrenia relapse. The caregivers and clinicians of the patients should increase their support to the patients, while hospitals with mental health services have to encourage formation of better social support for the patients, including psychosocial interventions which will be performed to enhance the social support system.
Multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Zhou Miao , Yang Yang , Liu Yafei , Yin Chaonan , Geng Wenting , Wang Chunxia , Tang Fang , Zhao Yang , Xue Fuzhong , Sun Xiubin , Yuan Zhongshang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension and assess their association with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 4,102 individuals aged 40–75 years with records of at least four systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A group-based multi-trajectory model was adopted to identify multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension, followed by a logistic model to assess the independent associations between these trajectories and CHD risk. The multinomial logistic model was used to evaluate the impact of baseline covariates on trajectory groups.ResultsSix distinct trajectories for systolic and diastolic hypertension were identified which represent distinct stages of hypertension and were characterized as low-stable, low-increasing, medium-decreasing, medium-increasing-decreasing, isolated systolic hypertension phase, and high-decreasing. Compared with the low-stable group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.23 (1.34–3.70) for the medium-increasing-decreasing group and 1.87 (1.12–3.11) for the high-decreasing group after adjustment for baseline covariates. Compared with the low-increasing group, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.88 (1.06–3.31) for the medium-increasing-decreasing group. Age, gender, drinking, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were independent predictors for trajectory groups 4 and 6.ConclusionNovel, clinically defined multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension were identified. Middle-aged and older adults with medium-increasing-decreasing or high-decreasing blood pressure trajectories are potentially critical periods for the development of CHD. Preventing adverse changes in hypertension status and reducing the high risk of CHD is necessary for people in distinct trajectory groups.
Analysis of the gut microbiome in obese native Tibetan children living at different altitudes: A case–control study
Authors: Du Wenqi , Liu Linxun , Ma Yan , Zhu Qinfang , Jia Ruhan , Han Ying , Wu Ziyi , Yan Xin , Ailizire Ainiwaer , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between intestinal flora and obesity in Tibetan children at different altitudes.MethodsUsing16S rRNA gene sequencing results and blood lipid metabolism indexes to study the characteristics of the intestinal flora present in faeces and changes in blood lipid metabolism in obese children in Tibet who reside at different altitudes and to study correlations between blood lipid metabolism indicators and the intestinal flora composition.ResultsThe results showed the following. (a) The triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the obesity groups were higher than those in the normal-weight groups, and those in the high-altitude obesity groups were lower than those in the low-altitude obesity groups. (b) The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that altitude affected the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota. These parameters were basically the same among the low-altitude groups, while they were significantly lower in the high-altitude groups than in the low-altitude groups. (c) Groups that lived at different altitudes and had different body weights had different dominant bacterial genera. Megamonas was closely related to obesity, and its relative abundance in the low-altitude groups was higher than that in the high-altitude groups. Prevotella was associated with altitude, and its relative abundance in the high-altitude groups was higher than that in the low-altitude groups. In addition, Prevotella elicited changes in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. The lower prevalence of obesity and incidence of intestinal inflammation in those living at high altitudes were related to the abundance of Prevotella. (d) There were correlations between the gut microbiota composition and lipid metabolism indicators. The abundance of Romboutsia was positively correlated with TG and LDL-C levels but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The abundance of Akkermansia was negatively correlated with LDL-C levels, and the abundance of Blautia was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and LDL-C levels.ConclusionsThe intestinal flora diversity varied by body weight and altitude, with lower diversity in those at higher altitudes and with lower body weights. Prevotella likely plays a role in suppressing obesity at high altitudes.