bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of “Stress Factors” among Dental Students
Authors: Alhedyan Faisal Suliman , AlKhalaf Ahmed Zayed , Mahmood Shahid , shahid arslan , Shahid Usman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:The objective of the study was to assess the perceived stress and its severity, sources, and determinants among a group of dental students belonging to different universities in Saudi Arabia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the perceived stress and its severity, sources and demographic variables were studied in 677 dental students (464 males, 213 females) of Saudi Universities, who agreed to participate. The students (Ist year to Vth Year) were contacted to fill out the forms online form. A self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic details and 27 questions based on Dental Environment Stress proforma were placed online. The questions were organized in four categories: personal and administrative, theoretical, pre-clinical and clinical. The level of stress was calibrated against a range from 1-to 4. The relationship between the demographic variables and students’ academic performance with the investigated items was also assessed. Simple arithmetical tests were used to find out the value of the stress for different factors, while Pearson’s t-test was used to find out the statistical significance of differences based on gender and the year of the study (P<0.05).Results: Saudi dental students showed high levels of perceived stress. The clinical training issues imposed the highest level of stress on the students. There were significant relationships between the investigated variables and the level of perceived stress were found.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that most of the dental students had perceived stress. Female students had higher mean overall problem scores compared to male students, and second-year students showed lower perceived problems compared to other students.
Comparing amorphous silica, short-range-ordered silicates and silicic acid species by FTIR
Authors: Ellerbrock Ruth , Stein Mathias , Schaller Jörg 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is increased interest in the terrestrial silicon cycle in the last decades as its different compounds and species have large implications for ecosystem performance in terms of soil nutrient and water availability, ecosystem productivity as well as ecological aspects such as plant-microbe and plant-animal feedbacks. The currently existing analytical methods are limited. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is suggested being a promising tool to differentiate between the different Si species. We report here on the differentiation of varying Si-species/Si-binding (in synthetic material) using FTIR-analyses. Therefore, we collected FTIR-spectra of five different amorphous silica, Ca-silicate, sodium silicate (all particulate), a water-soluble fraction of amorphous silica and soil affected by volcanic activity and compared their spectra with existing data. A decrease of the internal order of the materials analyzed was indicated by peak broadening of the Si-O-Si absorption band. Peak shifts at this absorption band were induced by larger ions incorporated in the Si-O-Si network. Additionally, short-range ordered aluminosilicates (SROAS) have specific IR absorption bands such as the Si-O-Al band. Hence, SROAS and Si phases containing other ions can be distinguished from pure amorphous Si species using FTIR-analyses.
Underwater Image Restoration Based on Wavelet Fusion and Reweighted Graph Total Variation Prior
Authors: Bai Fuyao , Wang Congzheng , Feng Chuncheng , Gong Wanqi , Liu Lei , Zeng Ke , Feng Chang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To solve the problems of color distortion and blur in underwater images, the paper compensates the loss of the red channel after color correcting process, and uses the image information itself as the basis to estimate the fuzzy kernel to restore the final image. Firstly, stretch image gray value range to correct color cast and improve contrast. The redundant noise in red channel of the image is removed by median filtering to reduce interference. Subsequently, the pre-processed red channel and green channel of the image are split into high frequency and low frequency components by using SYM4 as the wavelet basis, and then the fusion is performed respectively. The new red channel after information compensation is obtained by reconstruction based on inverse wavelet transform. Then, the algorithm of the reweighted graph total variation prior combined with multi-resolution image pyramiding strategy is used to obtain the fuzzy kernel estimation. Finally, the image is restored by using a non-blind recovery algorithm based on ring suppression, which effectively suppresses the ringing effect while adequately preserving details. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm and several classical algorithms show that the proposed algorithm can effectively remove blur and improve image clarity while enhancing image and correcting color deviation.
Spatiotemporal analysis of human ovarian aging at single-cell resolution
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Wu Meng , Tang Weicheng , Chen Ying , Wu Chuqing , Zhu Xiaoran , Sun Chaoyang , Li Yan , Zhang Jinjin , Dai Jun , Zhou Su , Xue Liru , Chen Dan , Xiong Jiaqiang , Yu Jing , Li Hongyi , Zhao Yunfei , Guo Yican , Huang Yibao , Zhu Qingqing , Wei Simin , Gao Junbao , Wu Mingfu , Li Ya , Xiang Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our understanding of how aging affects the cellular and molecular components of the human ovary and contributes to age-related fertility decline is still limited. Here, we link single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to characterize human ovarian aging. Changes of the molecular signatures of eight types of ovarian cells during aging were defined. We combined single cell types with their spatial location information to divide ovarian granulosa cells into three subtypes and theca & stroma cells into five subtypes. Further analysis revealed increased cellular senescence with age and characterized the transcription factor FOXP1 as a master regulatory gene during ovarian aging. Inhibition of FOXP1 in ovarian cells increased cellular senescence which was alleviated by pharmacological treatment with quercetin or fisetin. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of human ovarian aging, providing resources for developing new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against ovarian aging.
Modulation of function and structure of stratum corneum in sphingomyelin synthase 2-deficient mice
Authors: Honma Nozomi , Hatta Ichiro , Okazaki Toshiro , Tokudome Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effects of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) deficiency on stratum corneum (SC) barrier function (skin permeability of the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds) and SC lamellar structure are unknown. Skin permeability of the hydrophilic compound increased significantly for SMS2-KO mice when compared with that of WT mice. In contrast, no difference was observed in the penetration of lipophilic compounds in the skin of both SMS2-KO and WT mice. In SC of SMS2-KO mice, two sharp SAXS peaks were observed due to the lamellar structure with a repetition period of 4.8 nm. The WAXS revealed that the intensity ratio R0.42/0.37 of the 0.42 nm peak at 2.4 nm− 1 to the 0.37 nm peak at 2.7 nm− 1 was smaller in the SMS2-KO mouse than in the WT mouse. Due to the temperature dependence of the WAXS, the peaks of 2.4 and 2.7 nm− 1 remained until the higher temperatures in SMS2-KO mouse SC than those in WT mouse SC. The results of X-ray diffraction suggest that deficiency of SMS2 may cause the appearance of highly ordered structures of SC, which in turn may reduce the barrier function of SC.
Non-uniform machining allowance planning method of thin-walled parts based on workpiece deformation constraint
Authors: Zhang Zhengzhong , Cai Yonglin , Xi Xiaolin , Wang Haitong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce the machining deformation of thin-walled parts during milling, a non-uniform allowance planning method for thin-walled parts based on workpiece deformation constraint with the idea of adding materials in reverse material removal sequence is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a cutting force threshold calculation method is proposed according to the finite element method. The cutting force threshold at different positions is calculated by obtaining the local stiffness characteristics at the cutter-contact (CC) point under the constraint of allowable deformation. And then, the maximum machining allowance at the CC point is calculated depending on the cutting force model. Considering that the stiffness of the workpiece is position-dependent and affected by material removal, the stiffness of the workpiece is updated by adding elements in the reverse cutting direction, and the stock of finishing is obtained by surface fitting. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional uniform allowance method, the error of the proposed method is reduced by about 83%, which can effectively reduce the deformation and improve the machining accuracy.
An increase in peripheral blood CD86-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells is associated with immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Karayama Masato , Mizoguchi Yukihiro , Inoue Yusuke , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi , Kitano Shigehisa , Aoki Kazunori , Yamada Yasuhide 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unpredictable. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) profiles, representing host immune status, have potential for predicting irAEs.
Methods
PBMC subsets were measured using multicolor flow cytometry before and at weeks 2 and 8 after the initiation of ICIs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Results
Sixteen evaluable patients were eligible for the analysis. The following irAEs occurred in 6 (37.5%) patients: diarrhea (n = 2), diarrhea and rash (n = 1), pneumonitis (n = 1), pituitary dysfunction (n = 1), and cholangitis (n = 1). Patients with irAEs demonstrated higher levels of CD86+plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at baseline and weeks 2 and 8 after the ICIs than patients without irAEs (p = 0.005, 0.038, and 0.050, respectively). In patients with irAEs, the levels of CD86+pDCs decreased at weeks 2 and 8 compared with baseline (p = 0 .034 and 0.025, respectively) but did not change in patients without irAEs. Other PBMC subsets had no significant associations with irAEs. Higher levels of natural killer (NK) cells were significantly associated with overall objective response (p = 0.024).
Conclusions
Higher levels of CD86+pDCs at baseline and the reduction at 2 and 8 weeks after the ICIs were associated with the occurrence of irAEs. Higher levels of NK cells were associated with therapeutic efficacy. Measurements of PBMCs may be useful for predicting the efficacy and safety of ICIs.
How is physicians’ implicit prejudice against the obese and mentally ill moderated by specialty and experience?
Authors: FitzGerald Chloë , Mumenthaler Christian , Berner Delphine , Schindler Mélinée , Brosch Tobias , Hurst Samia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Implicit prejudice can lead to disparities in treatment. The effects of specialty and experience on implicit obesity and mental illness prejudice had not been explored. The main objective was to examine how specializing in psychiatry/general medicine and years of experience moderated implicit obesity and mental illness prejudice among Swiss physicians. Secondary outcomes included examining the malleability of implicit bias via two video interventions and a condition of cognitive load, correlations of implicit bias with responses to a clinical vignette, and correlations with explicit prejudice.
Methods
In stage 1, participants completed an online questionnaire including a clinical vignette. In stage 2, implicit prejudice pre- and post- intervention was tested using a 4 x 4 between-subject design including a control group. In stage 3, explicit prejudice was tested with feeling thermometers and participants were debriefed. Participants were 133 psychiatrists and internists working in Geneva, hospital-based and private practice. Implicit prejudice was assessed using a Weight IAT (Implicit Association Test) and a Mental Illness IAT. Explicit feelings towards the obese and the mentally ill were measured using Feeling Thermometers. A clinical vignette assessed the level of concern felt for a fictional patient under four conditions: control, obese, depression, obese and depression. Linear regression was conducted to test for association of gender, experience, and specialty with responses to vignettes, pre-intervention IATs and explicit attitudes, and to test for association of interventions (or control) with post-intervention IATs and explicit attitudes. Reported effect sizes were computed using Cohen’s d. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was selected as the significance threshold.
Results
Compared to internists, psychiatrists showed significantly less implicit bias against mentally vs. physically ill people than internists and warmer explicit feelings towards the mentally ill. More experienced physicians displayed warmer explicit feelings towards the mentally ill and a greater level of concern for the fictional patients in the vignette than the less experienced, except when the patient was described as obese.
Conclusions
Specialty moderates both implicit and explicit mental illness prejudice. Experience moderates explicit mental illness bias and concern for patients. The effect of specialty on implicit prejudice seems to be based principally on self-selection.
Experienced Based Co Design: Nursing Preceptorship Educational Programme
Authors: Hardie Philip , Murray Aidan , Jarvis Prof Suzi , Redmond Catherine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients play a central role in nursing preceptorship relationships, a professional educational relationship between a staff nurse and student nurse that is grounded in providing patient care. Yet the patient experiences and perspectives are largely uncaptured in the literature or represented in current preceptorship education programmes. Furthermore, the lack of student, staff nurse & patient involvement in the design of preceptorship education programmes has been noted.
Objective
To use a codesign process to develop an innovative educational programme for developing interpersonal and communication skills among nurses who act as preceptors. We sought to a) clarify experiences and events from all three members involved in a preceptorship relationship (student nurse, preceptor, and patient (SPP)) in order to develop a shared understanding of nursing preceptorship relationships and b) identify the key informational and educational needs recommended by SPP for the educational programme.
Methods
Using the principles and the iterative process of Experienced Based Co Design (EBCD), data was collected from qualitative interviews and used to inform a series of codesign workshops and the co-production of the new educational programme.
Results
Twenty-six individuals, including undergraduate student nurses, staff nurses, patients, and a team of nursing, educational and educational technologist experts, contributed to developing a Preceptorship educational programme that consists of three core elements 1) online reusable learning objects, 2) role play simulations and 3) a virtual reality storytelling simulated experience.
Conclusions
The EBCD process ensured that the educational programme was developed to meet SPP viewpoints associated with fostering positive interpersonal relationships in a nursing preceptorship. EBCD is a valuable framework for developing human-centred educational resources that combine experiential knowledge (experiences) and scientific knowledge (literature-based knowledge). It facilitated the identification and the development of IP & C skills training required within a nursing preceptorship relationship, creating an authentic and memorable learning programme. The structure of EBCD harnesses SPP involvement throughout the research and development process, ensuring transparency and continuity of message, scope, and outcomes.
New diagnostic histopathological approach in the evaluation of Ki-67 in GEP-NETs
Authors: Faviana Pinuccia , Boldrini Laura , Gentile Carlo , Erba Paola Anna , Sammarco Enrico , Bartoli Francesco , Esposito Enrica , Galli Luca , Lippolis Piero Vincenzo , Bardi Massimo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Many studies over the past decade have shown that the Ki-67 index is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis, classification of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).In the present work, therefore, we have decided to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 based on the intensity of the stain, basing our hypothesis on the fact that the Ki-67 protein is continuously degraded during G0 and G1 and the production constantly increases from the start of the S phase until mitotic exit and therefore the longer a cell has spent hibernating, the lower its Ki-67 level will be when it re-enters the cell cycle.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a new immunohistochemical scoring method would be more effective in classifying NETs by reducing staining heterogeneity.Methods: 87 patients with GEP-NET were retrospectively analyzed. Along with the traditional Ki-67 rating, a new score based on the intensity of staining (semiquant Ki-67) was developed. The classification difference between the two methods was determined.Results: The classification of the classification changed significantly when the Ki-67 semi-quant index was used. The percentage of G1 patients increased from 18.4% to 60.9%, while the G2 patients decreased from 66.7% to 29.9% and the G3 patients also decreased from 14.9% to 9.2% %.Conclusions: The new analysis allowed to re-quantify the positive percentages of Ki-67, which can be used both as a marker of proliferation but also as a tool to map tumor dynamics that can influence the diagnosis and guide the choice of therapy.
Right ventricular outflow tract Doppler flow analysis and pulmonary arterial coupling by transthoracic echocardiography in sepsis. A retrospective exploratory study
Authors: Bowcock Emma Maria , Gerhardy Benjamin , Huang Stephen , Orde Sam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) and pulmonary vascular dysfunction are common in sepsis and are associated with worse outcomes. RV performance is frequently assessed in isolation, yet its close relationship to afterload means combined evaluation with analysis of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Doppler and RV-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling may be more informative. Data on feasibility, utility and prognostic significance of these parameters in sepsis is lacking and was explored in this study. Methods: Retrospective study over a three-year period of one-hundred and thirteen patients admitted to ICU with sepsis who had a transthoracic echocardiography with RVOT pulse wave Doppler (PWD). RVOT Doppler flow and RV-PA coupling was evaluated alongside other measurements of RV systolic function and pulmonary pressures. RVOT Doppler analysis included assessment of pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) and presence of notching. RV-PA coupling was assessed using tricuspid annular planar systolic excursion/ pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio. Discriminatory performance of PAAT and RV-PA coupling for ICU and hospital mortality were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: PAAT was measurable in 106 (94%) patients and TAPSE/PASP was measurable in 77 (73%). 69% had a PAAT of less than 100msec suggesting raised pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). PAAT was significantly shorter in those with RV-PA uncoupling (p=0.006). There was a trend towards shorter PAAT with increasing RV dysfunction (RVD) severity. Tricuspid regurgitant maximum velocity (TRVmax) was unable to be assessed in 24 (23%) patients where measurement of PAAT was possible. TAPSE/PASP <0.4mm/mmHg and PAAT corrected for heart rate (PAATc) < 76msec predicted hospital mortality with area under ROC curve of 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. Patients with a PAATc of <76mec had increased ICU and hospital mortality: OR 13.2 [CI 1.6-108] p=0.005 and OR 14 (3.2-65) p<0.001, respectively. TAPSE/PASP <0.4mm/Hg disclosed an increased hospital mortality (OR 4.4 [CI 1.3-15], p=0.02).Conclusion: Raised PVR and RV-PA uncoupling occur frequently in sepsis. Non-invasive assessment is feasible, and evaluation of these parameters could have prognostic utility. Their role in assisting improved definitions of RV dysfunction as well as their therapeutic significance requires further investigation in prospective studies.
Use of hemicellulose-derived xylose for starch production by mixotrophic duckweed
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Sun Zuoliang , Zhao Xuyao , Yang Jingjing , Chen Yan , Xia Manli , Li Xiaozhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Duckweeds are aquatic plants with considerable potential as substrates for environmentally sustainable production of bioenergy and protein because of extremely high starch and protein yield, and nutrient uptake capability from various wastewaters. D-xylose is a common sugar that exists on earth and the main sugar element of lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Efficient utilization of xylose is necessary to reduce the high cost of duckweed-based biofuel production. Results: In this study, the potential use of D-xylose by duckweed was tested for heterotrophy and mixotrophy. The results showed that duckweed was capable of mixotrophic growth but not heterotrophic growth on D-xylose, which suggested that photosynthesis was necessary for D-xylose metabolism, with increases in biomass yields of 2.8-fold compared with that of photoautotrophy. Furthermore, D-xylose markedly boosted starch accumulation up to 9.7 times higher than photoautotrophic duckweed, and promoted nutrient recovery efficiency. Conclusions: The present study showed that mixotrophic duckweed could use inorganic and organic carbon simultaneously, offering an attractive strategy to enhance the duckweed biomass production with a higher carbon capture efficiency from the surrounding environment, thus boosting starch and protein productivity for bioenergy and food conversion. The method developed in this study demonstrated novel applications in duckweed biomass-based renewable bioenergy production with inorganic and organic carbon capture combined with potentially organic carbon wastewater and flue gas (CO2) treatment. This will enable the recycling of different carbons for various uses and realize a circular economy.