APRENDENDO COM A HISTÓRIA: críticas à experiência da Cooperação Norte-Sul e atuais desafios à Cooperação Sul-Sul
Authors: Milani Carlos R. S. 
Published: August 2022

O principal objetivo deste artigo é, com base nas limitações críticas apontadas à experiência histórica da Cooperação Norte-Sul (CNS), analisar alguns dos dilemas com que se confrontam as atuais estratégias de Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), concebidas e desenvolvidas por países como Brasil, México, Índia, China, Turquia ou África do Sul. O autor defende a hipótese de que a diferenciação entre CNS e CSS é fundamentalmente empírica, devendo, porém, também ser pensada à luz do legado do ativismo multilateral de alguns desses países e do novo papel econômico e político que desempenham no cenário internacional. O argumento é construído no sentido de que, por terem sido (e ainda serem) beneficiários da CNS, tais países deveriam atentar para os riscos de reprodução de um modelo de cooperação que eles próprios criticaram no passado recente. O que haveria de singular e distintivo nas práticas de CSS desses países? Quais seriam os riscos de que suas práticas de CSS sejam menos solidárias do que as promessas anunciadas por seus dirigentes e representantes políticos? PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desenvolvimento internacional, Cooperação Norte-Sul, Cooperação Sul-Sul, África do Sul, Brasil, China, Índia, México e Turquia. LEARNING WITH HISTORY: critique to the experience of the North-South Cooperation and present challenges to the South-South Cooperation Carlos R. S. Milani Based on the critical limitations that were pinpointed regarding the historical experience of the North-South Cooperation, (NSC), the main objective of this paper is to analyze some of the dilemmas that the current strategies of South-South Cooperation (SSC) have to face, which were conceived and developed in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, India, China, Turkey or South Africa. The author defends the hypothesis that the differentiation between NSC and CSS is basically empiric, but that it can also be considered in the view of the multilateral legacy of activism in some of these countries and the new economic and political role they play in the international scenario. The argument is based on the fact that since they were and still are NSC beneficiaries, the aforementioned countries should be aware of the risks of reproducing a cooperation model that they have recently criticized. What is unique and special in the practices of the SSC in these countries? What are the risks that the SSC practices would show less solidarity than the promises announced by their leaders and political representatives? KEY WORDS: International development, North-South Cooperation, South-South Cooperation, South Africa, Brazil, China, India, Mexico and Turkey. L’HISTOIRE NOUS ENSEIGNE: les critiques de l’experience de cooperation Nord-Sud et les defis actuels de la cooperation Sud-Sud Carlos R.S. Milani L’objectif principal de cet article, en tenant compte des limitations critiques de l’expérience historique de la Coopération Nord-Sud (CNS), est d’analyser quelques dilemmes auxquels les stratégies actuelles de Coopération Sud-Sud sont confrontées alors qu’elles sont conçues et développées par des pays tels que le Brésil, le Mexique, l’Inde, la Chine, la Turquie ou l’Afrique du Sud. L’auteur part de l’hypothèse que la différenciation entre CNS et CSS est fondamen-talement empirique mais doit cependant être pensée à la lumière de l’héritage d’un activisme multilatéral de certains pays et du nouveau rôle économique et politique qu’ils jouent sur la scène internationale. L’argument se base sur le principe que, du fait d’avoir été (et d’être encore) bénéficiaires de la CNS, ces pays devraient rester attentifs au risque de reproduction d’un modèle de coopération qu’eux-mêmes critiquèrent dans un passé récent. Qu’y aurait-il de singulier et de différent dans les pratiques de la CSS de ces pays? Quels seraient les risques de voir leurs pratiques de CSS moins solidaires que les promesses annoncées par leurs dirigeants et représentants politiques? MOTS-CLÉS: Développement international, Coopération Nord-Sud, Coopération Sud-Sud, Afrique du Sud, Brésil, Chine, Inde, Mexique et Turquie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh