bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of failure in pediatric medulloblastoma and implications for hippocampal sparing
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Adams Judith A. , Bajaj Benjamin V. M. , Van Benthuysen Liam , Daartz Juliane , Gallotto Sara L. , Lewy Jacqueline R. , DeNunzio Nicholas , Weyman Elizabeth A. , Lawell Miranda P. , Palmer Joshua D. , Yeap Beow Y. , Ebb David H. , Huang Mary S. , Perry Alisa F. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Jones Robin M. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Yock Torunn I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHippocampal avoidance (HA) has been shown to preserve cognitive function in adult patients with cancer treated with whole‐brain radiation therapy for brain metastases. However, the feasibility of HA in pediatric patients with brain tumors has not been explored because of concerns of increased risk of relapse in the peri‐hippocampal region. Our aim was to determine patterns of recurrence and incidence of peri‐hippocampal relapse in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma (MB).Methods and materialsWe identified pediatric patients with MB treated with protons between 2002 and 2016 and who had recurrent disease. To estimate the risk of peri‐hippocampal recurrence, three hippocampal zones (HZs) were delineated corresponding to ≤5 mm (HZ‐1), 6 to 10 mm (HZ‐2), and >10 mm (HZ‐3) distance of the recurrence from the contoured hippocampi. To determine the feasibility of HA, three standard‐risk patients with MB were planned using either volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans.ResultsThirty‐eight patients developed a recurrence at a median of 1.6 years. Of the 25 patients who had magnetic resonance imaging of the recurrence, no patients failed within the hippocampus and only two patients failed within HZ‐1. The crude incidence of peri‐hippocampal failure was 8%. Both HA‐VMAT and HA‐IMPT plans were associated with significantly reduced mean dose to the hippocampi (p < .05). HA‐VMAT and HA‐IMPT plans were associated with decreased percentage of the third and lateral ventricles receiving the prescription craniospinal dose of 23.4 Gy.ConclusionsPeri‐hippocampal failures are uncommon in pediatric patients with MB. Hippocampal avoidance should be evaluated in a prospective cohort of pediatric patients with MB.Plain Language SummaryIn this study, the patterns of disease recurrence in patients with a pediatric brain tumor known as medulloblastoma treated with proton radiotherapy were examined. The majority of failures occur outside of an important structure related to memory formation called the hippocampus. Hippocampal sparing radiation plans using proton radiotherapy were generated and showed that dose to the hippocampus was able to be significantly reduced. The study provides the rationale to explore hippocampal sparing in pediatric medulloblastoma in a prospective clinical trial.
Effects of Tablet Formulation, Food, or Gastric pH on the Bioavailability of Asundexian
Authors: Kanefendt Friederike , Brase Christine , Unger Sigrun , Kubitza Dagmar 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAbsolute bioavailability (F) and the impact of gastric pH, tablet formulation, and food on the pharmacokinetics and safety of asundexian, an oral factor XIa inhibitor, was assessed in healthy White men aged 18–45 years in 4 studies. For F, fasted participants received 50 μg of [13C7,15N]‐labeled asundexian intravenously 2 hours after 25 mg of asundexian orally. Tablet formulation (50‐mg immediate release [IR], and different amorphous solid dispersion [ASD] IR 25‐mg and 50‐mg ASD IR tablets) and food effects were explored in 2 studies. Formulation was compared using 50‐mg IR versus 25‐mg ASD IR and 25‐mg ASD IR versus 50‐mg ASD IR (fasted); food effect using 25‐mg ASD IR and 50‐mg ASD IR. Gastric pH modulation was assessed using omeprazole or antacid coadministration with asundexian in the fasted state. Pharmacokinetic parameters included area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC; and AUC/dose [D]) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax and Cmax/D) data were evaluable for 59 participants. F was 103.9%. Relative bioavailability with 25‐mg ASD IR and 50‐mg ASD IR tablets, respectively, was marginally affected by formulation (AUC/D ratios, 94.3% and 95.1%; Cmax/D ratios, 95.5% and 88.7%), food (AUC[/D] ratios, 91.1% and 96.9%; Cmax[/D] ratios: 78.3% and 95.1%), and gastric pH (omeprazole, no effect; antacid, AUC ratio, 89.9% and Cmax ratio, 83.7%). No serious adverse events or deaths occurred; most adverse events were mild or moderate. In summary, oral asundexian was well tolerated and demonstrated complete bioavailability irrespective of tablet formulation, food, or gastric pH.
Differential expression of CD8 defines phenotypically distinct cytotoxic T cells in cancer and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Burkard Tobias , Herrero San Juan Martina , Dreis Caroline , Kiprina Anastasiia , Namgaladze Dmitry , Siebenbrodt Kai , Luger Sebastian , Foerch Christian , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Weigert Andreas , Radeke Heinfried H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytotoxic T lymphocytes take on a leading role in many immune‐related diseases. They function as key effector immune cells fighting cancer cells, but they are also considerably involved in autoimmune diseases. Common to both situations, CD8+ T cells need to adapt their metabolism and effector function to the harsh and nutrient‐deprived conditions of the disease‐associated microenvironment.MethodsWe used an in vitro starvation as well as rapamycin treatment protocol mimicking nutrient deprivation to generate CD8Low versus CD8High T cells and performed FACS‐Sorting followed by transcriptomic profiling of the cytotoxic T cell subsets. Prominent markers identified in the CD8Low versus the CD8High T cells were then used to investigate the presence of these cell subsets in immune‐related human diseases. Employing cancer tissue microarrays and PhenOptics multispectral imaging as well as flow cytometry, we studied these CD8+ T cell subsets in cancer and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients.ResultsStarvation induced a decreased expression of CD8, yielding a CD8Low T cell subpopulation with an altered transcriptomic signature and reduced effector function. CD8Low T cell showed enhanced ST2L and IL6ST (CD130) expression compared to CD8High T cells which expressed elevated KLRD1 (CD94) and granzyme B levels within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Spatial analysis revealed the presence of CD8High T cells in close proximity to tumour cells, while the CD8Low T cells resided at the tumour boundaries. Importantly, the number of tumour‐infiltrating CD8Low T lymphocytes correlated with a poor prognosis as well as with enhanced cancer progression in human mammary carcinoma. We also found a reduced frequency of CD8Low T lymphocytes in a cohort of relapse (disease active) multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy subjects during immune cell starvation in vitro.ConclusionsIn summary, our data show that functionally distinct cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be identified based on their expression of CD8. Indicating a more general role in CD8 T cell immunity, these cells may play opposing roles in the TME, and also in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Solvent‐Polarity‐Induced Assembly of Calixarene‐Capped Titanium‐Oxo Clusters with Catalytic Activity in the Oxygenation of Sulfides
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zheng Haifeng , Zhang Guoshuai , Wang Hao , Xiong Ying , Liao Wuping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFour calixarene‐coordinated titanium‐oxo clusters, namely, [Ti4(C6A)2(μ3‐O)2(DMF)2] (CIAC‐258), [Ti8(H3C6A)4(C6H5PO3)8(μ2‐O)4]4− (CIAC‐259), [Ti6(TC4A)3(μ2‐O)3 (OiPr)6] (CIAC‐260) and [Ti6(H2TC4A)4(C6H5PO3)4(μ2‐O)5(DMF)2]2− (CIAC‐261) were obtained, which feature sandwich‐like, windmill‐like, triangular, and tetrahedral structures, respectively. The polarity of the solvent determines the involvement of the auxiliary ligand phenylphosphonic acid in the formation of the products and their structures. Compounds CIAC‐258 and CIAC‐261 exhibit good catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with H2O2 as the oxidant, which can be attributed to the Ti active sites coordinated by exchangeable DMF molecules. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Ti‐hydroperoxo species formed by the interaction of the Ti active site in CIAC‐258 or CIAC‐261 and H2O2 is the most likely catalytic active component during the catalytic sulfoxidation process.
Photocatalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Phthalides: A Key Access to (±)‐Herbaric Acid
Authors: Fortier Lucas , Gosset Cyrille , Lefebvre Corentin , Pellegrini Sylvain , Pélinski Lydie , Bousquet Till 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn efficient organophotocatalyzed protocol was developed for the preparation of 3‐substituted phthalides. The presented transformation was performed under particularly mild conditions within 6 h and was ultimately applied to a precursor of the herbaric acid.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of nanoencapsulated sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract in biopolymer coating based on whey protein isolate and Qodumeh Shahri (Lepidium perfoliatum) seed gum to increase the oxidative stability of sunflower oil
Authors: Safarpour Behnaz , Kenari Reza E. , Farmani Jamshid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSage leaf extract (SLE) is considered an excellent source of bioactive compounds mainly because of its high content of phenolics, widely known as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to compare the performance of free/encapsulated SLE by different coatings in protecting sunflower oil against oxidative deterioration. The coating materials were whey protein isolate and qodumeh seed gum at different ratios (1:0, 1:1, and 0:1). Each nanocapsule was analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, phenolics release, and SEM images. The total phenolic compounds of SLE were 31.12 mg GA/g. The antioxidant activity of SLE was increased in both DPPH and FRAP assays by increasing extract concentration from 50 to 250 ppm. All nanoparticles exhibited nanometric size, negative zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency higher than 60%, and gradual release during storage. The oxidative stability of sunflower oil with or without the incorporation of 250 ppm of free/encapsulated SLE was evaluated during 24 days of storage at 60°C. Peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), oxidative stability index (OSI), color index (CI), and conjugated dienes (CD) were determined. COPM nanoparticles showed the lowest PV, TBA, CI, and CD but both SGUM and WHEY were more effective in delaying oil oxidation than TBHQ and free extract. Higher OSI was observed in oil‐containing nanoparticles with composite coating. Results obtained reinforce the use of whey protein isolate and qodumeh seed gum as a coating for encapsulating SLE to increase the shelf life of sunflower oil as a natural antioxidant.
Impact of the hemostatic approach after laparoscopic endometrioma excision on ovarian reserve: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Riemma Gaetano , De Franciscis Pasquale , La Verde Marco , Ravo Mariangela , Fumiento Pietro , Fasulo Diego Domenico , Della Corte Luigi , Ronsini Carlo , Torella Marco , Cobellis Luigi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic excision of endometrioma and subsequent hemostasis have detrimental effects on ovarian reserve.ObjectivesTo evaluate which hemostatic approach after stripping cystectomy shows less damage on ovarian reserve.Search StrategyEmbase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo.br, LILACS, Cochrane Library at the CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, CINAHL, conference abstracts, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched from inception until April 2022.Selection CriteriaRandomized controlled trials of women undergoing laparoscopic endometrioma excision that compared at least two hemostatic approaches.Data Collection and AnalysisRelevant data were extracted and tabulated. Network meta‐analysis based on random‐effects model for mixed multiple treatment to rank hemostatic strategies using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve area (SUCRA) was performed. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane criteria. The primary outcome was serum antimullerian hormone levels 3 months after surgery.Main ResultsTen studies, including 748 women, were selected. Suturing the ovary with barbed suture (SUCRA, 82.80%) seem the most effective strategy to avoid antimullerian hormone reduction. Similarly, for ultrasonographic antral follicular count, barbed (SUCRA, 30.70%) and simple suture (SUCRA, 30.70%) were ranked the best choices. Ovarian suturing with simple suture demonstrated lower follicle‐stimulating hormone levels (SUCRA, 88.70%).ConclusionsSuturing the ovary, with simple or barbed suture, seems the most effective approach to keep ovarian reserve higher.
Response of seasonal variation in soil detachment capacity to straw incorporation in sloping farmland on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Yao Chong , Zhang Qingwei , Chen Kebing , Liu Liting , Wang Hao , Wang Chenfeng , Wu Faqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil detachment capacity by rill flow (Dc) is sensitive to changes in topsoil properties generated by crop straw incorporation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of crop straw incorporation on the seasonal variation in Dc, the knowledge regarding which is limited currently, and identified the key influencing factors. Three typical crop straw types (wheat, soybean, and maize) were selected for this study. Soil samples incorporated with crop straw and without crop straw were collected over 375 days (from October 1, 2020 to October 10, 2021) and were subjected to a hydraulic flume (length, 4.0 m; width, 0.2 m) to determine Dc. The topsoil properties soil bulk density (BD), soil cohesion (Coh), soil penetration resistance (PR), soil organic matter content (SOM), mean weight diameter (MWD), and straw decomposition rate (SDR) were measured to explain the seasonal variation in Dc. The results showed that crop straw incorporation effectively reduced Dc, and the Dc for the soil incorporated with straw decreased by 25.92%–38.76% compared with that without straw incorporation. Dc exhibited a significant decreasing trend over time, and the Dc at the end stage decreased by 83.00%–88.31%, compared with the initial stage. Seasonal variation in Dc was significantly correlated with BD, Coh, PR, SOM, MWD, and SDR. The measured Dc decreased with BD and Coh as a power function and with SOM and MWD as an exponential function. The influence of straw incorporation on Dc is time‐dependent and can be divided into short‐term and long‐term effects. Natural soil consolidation gradually masked the effect of straw residue with the decomposition of the incorporated straw. The comprehensive response of seasonal variation in Dc to straw incorporation was described by a power combination equation (Dc = 1.23 τ1.65 BD−2.63 Coh−1.33 SOM−0.70; R2 = 0.96). Thus, the seasonal variations in Dc with straw incorporation were mainly controlled by the changes in soil properties triggered by the decomposition of incorporated straw and natural soil consolidation. The results of this study provided a scientific reference for soil erosion prediction and control in sloping farmlands.
Cerebrospinal FluidBiomarkers of Synaptic Dysfunction are Altered in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders
Authors: Nilsson Johanna , Constantinescu Julius , Nellgård Bengt , Jakobsson Protik , Brum Wagner S. , Gobom Johan , Forsgren Lars , Dalla Keti , Constantinescu Radu , Zetterberg Henrik , Hansson Oskar , Blennow Kaj , Bäckström David , Brinkmalm Ann 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic dysfunction and degeneration are central contributors to the pathogenesis and progression of parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, identification and validation of biomarkers reflecting pathological synaptic alterations are greatly needed and could be used in prognostic assessment and to monitor treatment effects.ObjectiveTo explore candidate biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders.MethodsMass spectrometry was used to quantify 15 synaptic proteins in two clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cohorts, including PD (n1 = 51, n2 = 101), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (n1 = 11, n2 = 3), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (n1 = 22, n2 = 21), multiple system atrophy (MSA) (n1 = 31, n2 = 26), and healthy control (HC) (n1 = 48, n2 = 30) participants, as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n2 = 23) patients in the second cohort.ResultsAcross both cohorts, lower levels of the neuronal pentraxins (NPTX; 1, 2, and receptor) were found in PD, MSA, and PSP, compared with HC. In MSA and PSP, lower neurogranin, AP2B1, and complexin‐2 levels compared with HC were observed. In AD, levels of 14‐3‐3 zeta/delta, beta‐ and gamma‐synuclein were higher compared with the parkinsonian disorders. Lower pentraxin levels in PD correlated with Mini‐Mental State Exam scores and specific cognitive deficits (NPTX2; rho = 0.25–0.32,P < 0.05) and reduced dopaminergic pre‐synaptic integrity as measured by DaTSCAN (NPTX2; rho = 0.29,P = 0.023). Additionally, lower levels were associated with the progression of postural imbalance and gait difficulty symptoms (All NPTX; β‐estimate = −0.025 to −0.038,P < 0.05) and cognitive decline (NPTX2; β‐estimate = 0.32,P = 0.021).ConclusionsThese novel findings show different alterations of synaptic proteins in parkinsonian disorders compared with AD and HC. The neuronal pentraxins may serve as prognostic CSF biomarkers for both cognitive and motor symptom progression in PD. © 2022 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Student‐focused, career‐driven exploration in natural history museums through experiential education and mentorship: A model to intentionally increase the racial and ethnic diversity of students
Authors: Flemming Adania D. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBeing immersed in the processes of research can develop undergraduate students’ science identities and support their persistence in pursuing science careers. However, it can be difficult for students to find opportunities for engaging in authentic scientific research. The professional staff and scientific objects in natural history museums provide such an opportunity that can create relationships through which both undergraduate students and museums benefit. Students require authentic practical experiences to better understand their academic fields and career trajectories, and museums require assistance curating and managing collections. This can be accomplished through mentorship, training, and research experience in a formal course. At the University of Florida, I developed and taught a course titled “Introduction to Natural History” that engaged students in projects in museum collections. Discussion sessions replaced lectures by introducing topics such as the concept of research, distinction between predictions and hypotheses, understanding of the nature of science, and how to conduct literature reviews. In 2019 and 2020, students completed a pre‐ and postcourse survey to gauge their understanding of science and their anticipated career trajectory. My results demonstrate that mentorship and authentic experiential science opportunities using museum collections enable students to realize a passion, sense of purpose, and better understanding of science and careers in science.
Dual and Sequential Locked/Unlocked Photochromic Effects on FRET Controlled Singlet Oxygen Processes by Contracted/Extended Forms of Diarylethene‐Based [1]Rotaxane Nanoparticles
Authors: Khang Trang Manh , Nhien Pham Quoc , Cuc Tu Thi Kim , Weng Chang‐Ching , Wu Chia‐Hua , Wu Judy I. , Hue Bui Thi Buu , Li Yaw‐Kuen , Lin Hong‐Cheu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManipulations of singlet oxygen (1O2) generations by the integration of both aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizer and photochromic moieties have diversified features in photodynamic therapy applications. Through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pathway to induce red PL emissions (at 595 nm) for 1O2 productions, [1]rotaxane containing photosensitive tetraphenylethylene (TPE) donor and photochromic diarylethene (DAE) acceptor is introduced to achieve dual and sequential locked/unlocked photoswitching effects by pH‐controlled shuttling of its contracted/extended forms. Interestingly, the UV‐enabled DAE ring closure speeds follow the reversed trend of DAE self‐constraint degree as: contracted < extended < noninterlocked forms in [1]rotaxane analogues, thus FRET processes can be adjusted in contracted/extended forms of [1]rotaxane upon UV irradiations. Accordingly, the contracted form of [1]rotaxane is FRET‐OFF locked and inert to UV exposure due to the larger bending conformation of DAE parallel (p‐)conformer, compared with its extended and noninterlocked analogues possessing switchable FRET‐OFF/ON behaviors activated by dual and sequential pH‐ and photoswitching. Owing to the advantages of 1O2 productions tuned by multistimuli inputs (pH, UV, and blue light), an useful logic circuit for toxicity outputs of the surface modified [1]rotaxane nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated to offer promising 1O2 productions and managements based on mechanically interlocked molecules for future bioapplications.
Cascade‐Gates Guarded Asymmetrical Nanochannel Membrane: An Interference‐Free Device for Straightforward Detection of Trace Biomarker in Undiluted Serum
Authors: Jian Xiaoxia , Xu Jing , Guo Junli , Zhao Junjian , Shen Tian , Gao Zhida , Song Yan‐Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate detection of trace biomarkers in biological samples is a key task in diagnostic testing, but it remains challenging due to the high concentration of other physiologically relevant interferences. This work presents a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing device based on a bio‐inspired nanochannel membrane (NM) guarded with two differential gates. The recognition event at the aptamer gate is followed by the permitting of stimulator transport toward the metal‐organic framework (MOF) gate. Proof of concept application is evaluated using cytochrome C (Cytc) as the analyte, and glucose, a commonly existing nutriment as the stimulator. The oxidase‐mimic plasmonic nanoparticles induce an effective release of ECL luminophore from the MOF gate. This cascade‐gates guarded NM can effectively separate biological matrices from the detection cell. Consequently, the proposed system can achieve direct sensing of 1.0 nm Cytc in undiluted serum within the threshold concentrations of leukemia and lymphoma, making it attractive for point‐of‐care applications.