bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital phenotyping in psychiatry
Authors: Orsolini L. 
Published: February 2022

Digital phenotyping represents a new approach aimed at measuring the human behavior by using smartphones and personal device sensors, smartphone apps, keyboard interaction, and various features of subject’s voice and speech. Data collected by a digital phenotyping smartphone application are divided into two categories: a) active data (i.e., those usually collected by using a survey modality) which require an ‘active participation’ from the subject to be generated; and, b) passive data (for instance, those data collected by using Global Positioning System (GPS) traces), usually collected without any participation or action from the subject. Digital phenotyping may theoretically enhance clinicians’ ability to early identify, diagnose and manage any mental health conditions and favoured a more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approach to several mental conditions. The innovative and insightful approach applied by the digital phenotyping appears to find an interesting and useful application in the field of psychiatry. The digital phenotyping is in line with the new paradigm of the precision psychiatry, i.e. the new approach performed to help clinicians in customizing a psychiatric treatment for each patient, by integrating information about individual phenotypes and genotypes with biographical, clinical and biological data. A precision psychiatry approach would ideally allow clinicians to tailor clinical decision-making and stratify patients to each available treatment according to each one’s likelihood of treatment response and prognosis. Our aims are at providing a comprehensive panorama on evidence-based applications of digital phenotyping in psychiatry.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Coronavirus lockdown and its impact on mental health of general population
Authors: Dhemaid M. , Abbes W. , Bagane C. , Jradi A. , Hafi S. , Ghanmi L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOn March, Tunisian government imposed lockdown measures on cities to contain the COVID19 outbreak. Media coverage, social distancing, quarantine and isolation led to a global atmosphere of anxiety and depression.ObjectivesTo assess the level of anxiety and depression among citizens of southern Tunisia and theirs associated factors.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical online-based survey, from April 19, 2020, to May 5, 2020 on 331 citizens living in south of Tunisia. During this period, the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 exceeded 900 in Tunisia. We used a self-administered anonymous questionnaire containing citizen’s sociodemographic and clinical data. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) validated in the Tunisian dialectal version was used to assess anxiety and depression. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.Results
The 331 Participants were males (35%), singles (43,2%),aged between 20 and 40 years old(71%). From them, 37.5 % were suffering from anxiety and 42% of them from depression. Anxiety was correlated to the personal history of anxiety (p<10-3), the depression (p<10-3), the fear of contamination (p<10-3), the increased consumption of coffee and tea (p=0.005) and sleep disorders (p<10-3). Meanwhile, depression was associated to a past psychiatric history (p=0.001), a personal experience of psychological violence (p=0.011), increased cannabis use (p=0.011) and a broken sleep (p=0.007).ConclusionsOur study identified a high prevalence of adverse psychological symptoms experienced by Tunisian citizens during this first wave of virus spread. Mitigating coronavirus effect on mental health is becoming an international public health priority.
Diagnostic automated algorithms in neurodevelopmental disorders: Focus on automatic motor assessment
Authors: Gargot T. 
Published: February 2022

Difficulties in motor development are frequent and impairing. However, the assessment of these motor learning skills is difficult and limits early stage rehabilitation. Electronic sensors and algorithms can help to measure motor difficulties more easily and objectively. We will present a systematic review detailing these methods and challenges in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Electronic tablets, give access to handwriting features that are not usually evaluated in classical assessments. We describe how such digital features (in static, dynamic, pressure, and tilt domains) allow diagnosing dysgraphia and how they evolve during children development. From a finer analysis, three different clusters of dysgraphia emerge, longitudinal studies will allow to underline different patterns of development that seemingly require tailored remediation strategies. However, those digital features are not used in the context of conventional pen and paper therapies. It is possible to engage children with typical development in handwriting exercises by asking them to teach a robot to write. We implemented a long-term case study (20 sessions, 500 minutes in total) observing a child with severe Developmental Co-ordination Disorder who did not progress anymore with a classic pen and paper approach by enriching this setup with various training activities using real-time feedback loops (on tilt, pressure, dynamic, pauses). We show how this new method tackles previous child’s behaviour avoidances, boosting his motivation, and improving his motor and writing skills. This talk demonstrates how new motor digital features allow the implementation of innovative motor remediation interventions, which rely on fostering children’s personal characteristics and adaptation skills.DisclosureThe work presented in this talk was conducted during a PhD in computer science (funded by APHP and Paris 8 University, France). A company was funded by a PhD collaborator, dynamico.ch. The presenter does not have consultancy or financial connection with d
Post-traumatic stress disorder and its relation to the pandemic of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) in the bahraini society
Authors: Howaihi A. Al , Hamada A. Al 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
The world has given serious thought to epidemics, disasters and crises. One of the most important mental disorders that can be caused by epidemics, disasters and crises is the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most serious global health crises.ObjectivesWe deal with the appearance of symptoms of PTSD among Bahraini society as a consequence to COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to investigate two main aspects: PTSD and the correlation between the pandemic COVID-19 and the appearance of PTSD symptoms in the Bahraini society.MethodsThis research was conducted based on the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), developed by Jonathan Davidson in 1995, according to the DSM-IV criteria.ResultsThe findings of our research concluded that the percentage of PTSD among a group of Bahraini society members following the outbreak of COVID-19 was 11.1%.Conclusionsconducting awareness campaigns as part of the media plan to combat COVID-19. Designing and applying treatment programs for PTSD for those in need. Allocating mental institutions from the public and private sectors to be used as rehabilitation centers for PTSD patients.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tunisian parents and children
Authors: Manaa R. , Bourgou S. , Kouki N. , Belhadj A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDue to the Covid 19 pandemic, the Tunisian government has taken several measures, which had a psychological impact on adults and children.ObjectivesStudying the initial impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on Tunisian parents and children.MethodsOne week after the proclamation of sanitary lockdown in Tunisia, parents were invited to answer voluntarily an anonymous questionnaire posted on social media. The stress level of the parent was measured by the Impact Event Scale Revised (IES-R).ResultsThis questionnaire was answered by 138 parents.88% of them were mothers. Changes in working arrangements were made by 87.2% of fathers and 79.8% of mothers. Only 1% of parents did not teach their children about hygienic rules. Parents had a child aged 12 or less in 91% and aged more than 12 in 41.4%. Behavioral changes were reported in 60% for children aged 12 or younger (Graphic 1) and in 20% for those older than 12 (Graphic 2) The IES-R mean score was 28.9 ±18.The severity of the impact was associated with the female sex (p=0.04).We found a positive correlation between the IES-R score and the symptomatology of children with p=0.001 and r=0.518 when the age was superior to 12 and with p<0.001 and r=0,52 when the age was under 12.ConclusionsThe Covid pandemic in Tunisia affected both parents and children. Psychological intervention is essential to help them get out of this crisis with less damage.
Pregnancy and mental health in times of COVID-19
Authors: Solis M.O. , Barea M. ValverDe , Fernandez S. Jimenez , Rus S.S. Sánchez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe new coronavirus (COVID-19) is being a threat to global health. Pregnancy is considered a state of vulnerability to mental health and can be even greater if they are facing the current pandemia.ObjectivesWithin this framework, we wanted to inquire about the state of mental health, and more specifically, about depression, during pregnancy during pandemia COVID-19 and their opinion of the health team∙s professionals that controls pregnancy and how they are involved in the assessment of their mental health status. Also know her fears and uncertainties about the virus and its possible consequences (complications during pregnancy, childbirth or confinement at home, possible contact with COVID-19 positive patients).MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out that includes 73 pregnant women from Spain, during September 2020, through an anonymous, voluntary and multiple response type online survey which included questions about socio demographic aspects and the Beck Depression Inventory.ResultsThe average age was 32 years. 90.41% were with a partner or married. The results of Beck’s questionnaire: 24.65% have moderate/severe depression. 25.65% had or had thought about consulting a mental health professional, 90.41% considered that professionals had not asked about their mental health during pregnancy. 98.89% reported fear of becoming infected and having to confine themselves at home and 97.26% reported fear of get COVID and affect the health of the unborn baby.ConclusionsCOVID-19 represents a huge challenge for pregnant women’s mental health. The Development and implementation of mental health service, skilled and aware of this area is crucial, for this vulnerable population.
Psychiatric symptoms and COVID-19, the importance of differential diagnosis. about two cases
Authors: Barea M. ValverDe , Solis M.O. , Rodriguez L. Soldado , Osuna A. España 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic presents symptomatic heterogeneity, so the differential diagnosis is even more relevant and more in patients with mental disorders. COVID-19 is a new disease that is under study and affects people over 65 with the greatest severity worldwide. The most frequent psychiatric symptoms are behavioral disturbances and confusional syndrome among those affected.Objectives
The objective is to demonstrate the importance of differential diagnosis in patients with psychiatric symptoms and covid-19.MethodsPatients aged 71 and 77, admitted to psychiatry. They present drowsiness that alternates with episodes of psychomotor agitation in which they verbalize fear of the coronavirus. Personal history: bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Psychopathological exploration: Spatial-temporal disorientation, uncooperative, fluctuating state of consciousness, verborrheic, salty and incoherent speech at times. Dysphoric mood. Psychomotor restlessness predominantly at night, verbal heteroaggressiveness. Negative to ingestion due to odynophagia. Sensory-perceptual alterations and nihilistic delusions “the virus has killed me, I’m already dead.” Upon admission, they present a cough and fever and are treated with azithromycin and dexamethasone for suspected COVID-19. Complementary tests: chest X-ray bilateral pleural effusion. Cranial CT: Diffuse cortical and subcortical brain parenchyma retraction pattern. PCR positive coronavirus.ResultsAfter overcoming the infection and with psychopharmacological treatment the confusional syndrome remitted.ConclusionsConfusional syndrome can present with different psychiatric symptoms, so the differential diagnosis is very important and even more so in patients older than 65 years who present somatic pathologies or acute infections. The differential diagnosis of confusional syndrome is key to adequate treatment and favor the prognosis.
Suicide: The pandemic inside the pandemic
Authors: André R. , Sereijo C. , Abreu M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCovid-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11th and efforts have been made to minimize the impact that this new disease can produce. The mental health effects of this pandemic can be severe considering that each year close to 800.000 people die by suicide. This pandemic could increase those numbers, although this is not inevitable.ObjectivesThis work reviewed the current available data on possible causes for a suicide rate increase and to try to understand if suicide is already increasing worldwide.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 6 months; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: Covid-19; suicide; SARS-Cov2; pandemic.Results
Multiple factors can account for an increase in suicide rates such as isolation with a sense of decreased belongingness and increased burdensomeness. A synergy with known suicide precipitants can also occur such as domestic violence, intra-familiar conflicts, alcohol consumption and access to means. Media communication can represent a danger with constant reports about the crisis. And lastly the loss of employment and financial stressors can produce an important impact.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Covid-19 will produce an important impact in many spheres of society, one of which will be mental health. If at the start of this crisis a widespread sense of solidarity was present with the maintenance of precipitant factors for suicide we expect to see an increase in suicide rates.
Individually tailored digital self-care, with and without therapist-guidance
Authors: Kraepelien M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Digital mental health services have been a part of routine care at a few locations worldwide since almost 15 years, most often in the form of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (ICBT) with scheduled weekly therapist-guidance. Personalization in the form of individual tailoring of treatment content is promising in ICBT. Digital Self-care, interventions constructed to be self-guided, would need to be constructed carefully to achieve equal levels of adherence and symptom reductions compared to therapist-guided interventions, especially when including individually tailored content. Objectives: To construct an individually tailored self-care intervention including a technical solution, acting as a proof of concept that self-guided digital interventions for mental health can be administered in a safe, effective, personalized and cost-effective way. Methods: In step I, a new digital platform is created based on the experience from previous successful implementations of ICBT together with experts on user experience. A series of digital mental health tools based on ICBT are tested for safety, usability and credibility. In step II these tools are combined into individually tailored package interventions for different conditions and optimized for greater efficiency. In step III these optimized interventions would be compared to their counterpart therapist-guided interventions in randomized trials. Results: Preliminary results from step I will be presented, including the current development of the digital platform and feasibility data from the first three studies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The individual patterns of anxieties and defense mechanisms in COVID pandemic context
Authors: Sokolova E. , Ryzhov A. , Pechnikova L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-pandemic context is characterized by a global ambiguity, reflecting the unexpected onset of pandemic, unpredictability and amplitude of the related dangers, questionability and the side effects of the policy measures used to protect people.ObjectivesThe development of theoretical framework for understanding variability in the reactions to COVID situation and self-regulatory mechanisms.MethodsConceptualization and analysis of individual psychotherapy cases in the framework of psychodynamic approach.Results
Five typical patterns of anxiety, defensive functioning and mentalization structures were identified: Paranoial pattern is marked by flooding with persecutory anxiety, exaggerated subjective uncertainty. reflected in chaotic boundlessness, incoherence, fantasies of hostility, splitting and polarization of self and others. Depressive pattern reflects inability to sustain ambiguity due to deficiency of internal supports, overly dependence on others, conformity, obedience to authority and denial of personal standards and individuality. Noogenic pattern refers to negative affective states, generated by the ambiguity, contradictions and ambivalence of information. The means to regulate it include the lowering of the level of psychical functioning, with cognitive simplification, preference for order, routine and predictability. Transgression pattern suggests maniacal fascination with the dissipation of limits, normative restraints and rules, and the triumph of the narcissistic-perfectionist permissiveness. Constructivity pattern consists of the pleasure from explorations and insights, creation of new meanings, creative reappraisal and reconstruction of ambiguous situations.ConclusionsThe typical patterns of experiencing ambiguity that were singled out may have diagnostic and prognostic significance in evaluating the individual resource potential in situations of COVID related dangers and isolation.
Anxiety and depression among students in a greek university amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sazakli E. , Leotsinidis M. , Bakola M. , Kitsou K.S. , Argyropoulos K. , Konstantopoulou A. , Katsifara A. , Gourzis P. , Jelastopulu E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe coronavirus pandemic has challenged the world with an unprecedented situation. Social distancing, self or quarantine isolation, personal hand hygiene, self-protection, and the fear of becoming infected with the virus, come with a psychological fallout. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected students around the world, in terms of their education and lifestyle.ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the students’ mental health and well-being at the University of Patras, in Western Greece.MethodsAn online questionnaire was prepared to collect responses from students during April 2020. Socio-demographic data, academic status, opinions about distance learning, changes in daily routine during the lockdown and anxiety and depression scores, according to the Greek version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were gathered.ResultsThe total number of responders was 2009, of which 67.3% women. During lockdown, the 68% of the students returned to their family home. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in students with a low income, poor self-rated health, not informed about COVID-19, not satisfied with distance learning and being annoyed at staying home. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 35.8% and 51.2%, ranging from 26.7% to 48.2% for anxiety and from 36.3% to 60.5% for depression in Health Sciences and Humanities and Social Sciences, respectively.ConclusionsDepression rates among university students in Greece were alarmingly high, denoting the impact of lockdown and changes in students’ life, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
New measure of defensive and constructive optimism towards COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gordeeva T. , Sychev O. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Individuals’ beliefs about COVID-19 pandemic may affect their health-related behavior including self-isolation. “Positive” beliefs may be realistic (constructive belief that efforts help to prevent infection and spread of the virus) or rose-colored glasses (defensive belief that coronavirus problem is exaggerated aimed to cope with anxiety) with different consequences for behavior and mental health.Objectives
Objectives: The aim was to develop the scales of defensive and constructive optimism towards COVID-19 pandemic (DCO-Covid) and analyze their psychometric properties, factor structure using CFA, internal consistency and validity.Methods
The sample comprised 1403 university students (68% women, M=20.59, SD=3.66) from large cities of Russia. Online survey conducted from 10/4/2020 till 25/4/2020. Test battery included the scales of constructive and defensive optimism (each of 3 items) and measure of dispositional optimism (LOT-R, Scheier et al., 1994). Part of the sample (N=306) completed anxiety in a pandemic questionnaire (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020).ResultsCFA indicated a good fit for the two-factor model (χ2=27.11, df=8, p<.001, CFI =.985, TLI=.971, RMSEA = .041, p[RMSEA≤.05] = .78) with negative correlations between factors (–.28). Cronbach’s alpha for defensive optimism and constructive optimism were α=.75 and α=.70 respectively. As expected constructive and defensive optimism correlated with dispositional optimism (r=.24; p < .001 and r=–.06; p<.05 respectively) and anxiety (fear of infection, r=.08; n.s and r= –.23; p < .001).ConclusionsThe results show that DCO-C is a reliable measure of defensive and constructive optimism towards COVID-19 pandemic. The construct validity of these scales is confirmed by CFA and obtained correlations.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and confinement period on a tunisian sample
Authors: Bejar M. , Mohamed B. Ben , Faouel N. , Ali R. Belhadj , Zaafrane F. , Gaha L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019, is now a global pandemic that has spread rapidly causing many deaths. Most countries have opted for compulsory confinement which had repercussions on mental health and well-being.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to assess mental health consequences during the confinement period.Methods
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 360 Tunisians in April and May 2020. We used an anonymous E-questionnaire that included a socio-demographic fact sheet, The HAD questionnaire, and a Q-EDD questionnaire to explore eating disorders.Results
The subjects of our sample were mostly males with a mean age of 31. The body mass index was 25.5 (range 16.10 -46.24), 15% suffered from obesity. Half of the subjects were single and 6.7% spent the confinement time alone. 11.1% were smokers while 4.4% were alcohol users. The HAD-A and the HAD-D scores had an average of 9.1 and 8.48 respectively.A pathological threshold of anxiety and depression was found in 20% and 30% of the sample respectively.15% had an eating disorder: 76% had binge eating, 20% had bulimia and 17% had anorexia. In our study, we found an association between eating disorder and obesity, single marital status (p=0.007), living alone (p=0.001), history of depression (p=0.046), anxiety (p=0.049) and depression (p=0.038).ConclusionsReduced social interactions, decreased physical activity and increased stress are potentially harmful causes for our brain. Confining the population for several weeks has a negative impact on our physical and mental health. A crisis unit has been formed in Tunisia to help subjects overcome these psychological difficulties.