bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rodent models to study sodium retention in experimental nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Xiao Mengyun , Bohnert Bernhard N. , Grahammer Florian , Artunc Ferruh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSodium retention and edema are hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Different experimental rodent models have been established for simulating NS, however, not all of them feature sodium retention which requires proteinuria to exceed a certain threshold. In rats, puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) is a classic NS model introduced in 1955 that was adopted as doxorubicin‐induced nephropathy (DIN) in 129S1/SvImJ mice. In recent years, mice with inducible podocin deletion (Nphs2Δipod) or podocyte apoptosis (POD‐ATTAC) have been developed. In these models, sodium retention is thought to be caused by activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron through aberrantly filtered serine proteases or proteasuria. Strikingly, rodent NS models follow an identical chronological time course after the development of proteinuria featuring sodium retention within days and spontaneous reversal thereafter. In DIN andNphs2Δipodmice, inhibition of ENaC by amiloride or urinary serine protease activity by aprotinin prevents sodium retention, opening up new and promising therapeutic approaches that could be translated into the treatment of nephrotic patients. However, the essential serine protease(s) responsible for ENaC activation is (are) still unknown. With the use of nephrotic rodent models, there is the possibility that this (these) will be identified in the future. This review summarizes the various rodent models used to study experimental nephrotic syndrome and the insights gained from these models with regard to the pathophysiology of sodium retention.
Extracting business cycles with three filters: A comparative study and application in the case of China
Authors: Sun Chentong , Li Naiqian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the performances of the wavelet, Hodrick–Prescott (HP), and Baxter–King (BK) filters in extracting cyclical information and to use an appropriate method to analyze China's business cycles. First, we use a second‐order autoregression (AR (2)) and random walk, based on Monte Carlo simulation experiments, to generate the data‐generating processes (DGPs) with different frequency characteristics. Second, the HP, BK, and wavelet filters are applied to extract the cyclical components of the respective DGPs. Third, the filtering abilities of the three methods are statistically compared. The results show the following: (1) Under the condition that the DGP is low frequency (long cycle) and trend dominated, the filtering performance of the three methods will remain unsatisfactory. (2) If the DGP is high frequency (short cycle), all three methods can serve as effective methods regardless of whether they are trend dominated or cycle dominated. However, it can be seen that the BK and wavelet filters present better performance than the HP filter. (3) In other cases, better filtering performances can be observed in the wavelet. Finally, the three methods are applied to estimate China's business cycles. In conclusion, this paper argues that the wavelet can effectively replace HP and BK filters to extract cyclical components.
Outsourcing via reverse auction with a built‐in menu of change orders
Authors: Wolfstetter Elmar G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany firms invent and design products while outsourcing their production to independent contractors. We consider a dominant strategy mechanism that selects a contractor using a reverse auction, combined with a menu of permitted change orders from which the contractor can choose after updated cost information has become available. That mechanism maximizes the gain from trade, allows the firm to extract the second highest surplus, and induces the contractor to make efficient adjustments to output after updated cost information has emerged.
Design and synthesis of five‐membered heterocyclic derivatives of istradefylline with comparable pharmacological activity
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Wang Hongyi , Xu Haojie , Zheng Zhonghui , Meng Zihui , Xu Zhibin , Li Jiarong , Xue Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system among the elderly. Istradefylline, an FDA‐approved adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (anti‐PD drug), has good efficacy. However, it has been reported that the double bond of istradefylline is easily converted into cis‐configuration when exposed to an indoor environment or direct light in a dilute solution. In order to find more stable adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with similar pharmacological efficacy to istradefylline, the compounds series I‐1 (12 compounds) was designed by maintaining the xanthine skeleton of istradefylline unchanged and replacing the trans‐double bond with thiazole or benzothiazole and other biologically active heterocyclic compounds. These compounds were synthesized via multi‐step experiment and successfully confirmed through different characterization techniques for their ability to inhibit cAMP formation in A2AAR overexpressing cells. The thiazole derivative of istradefylline (Compound I‐1‐11, I‐1‐12) exhibited significant activity (IC50 = 16.74 ± 4.11 μM, 10.36 ± 3.09 μM), as compared to istradefylline (IC50 = 5.05 ± 1.32 μM). In addition, the molecular docking of benzothiazole derivatives I‐1‐11 and thiazole derivatives I‐1‐12 with higher inhibition rate were carried out and compared with istradefylline. The molecular docking results showed that I‐1‐11 and I‐1‐12 anchored in the same site as that of XAC (3REY) with predicted affinity binding energy −6.63 kcal/mol and − 6.75 kcal/mol, respectively. Validation through dynamics simulation also showed stable interactions, with fluctuations <3 Å and MM/GBSA energy <−20 kcal/mol. Hence, this study could provide a basis for the rational design of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with better potency.
Difference of income inequalities of denture use by co‐payment rates: A JAGES cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hoshi‐Harada Manami , Aida Jun , Cooray Upul , Nakazawa Noriko , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesStudies suggest that wearing dentures to restore missing teeth can have a positive impact on health status. However, income inequalities in denture wearing exist. The aim of this study was to investigate how differing co‐payment rates under the current Japanese Universal Health Insurance Coverage System affect income inequalities in denture non‐use among older adults with severe tooth loss.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from the 2019 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). Self‐administered questionnaires were mailed to 345 356 independent people who did not receive long‐term care insurance benefits and were aged ≥65 years. The dependent variable was denture non‐use, and the independent variable was the equivalent annual household income. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used with regression‐based approaches to determine both absolute and relative inequalities in denture non‐use by co‐payment rates. The covariates were sex, age, years of education, number of teeth and comorbidities.ResultsOf the 240 889 responses received (response rate =69.9%), we analysed 21 594 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 72.8 years (standard deviation =4.1), and 57.6% were men. For 30 per cent, 20 per cent and 10 per cent co‐payment rates, the percentages of people who did not use dentures and had severe tooth loss (≤9 teeth) were 18.3%, 13.3%, and 8.5%, respectively. All analyses confirmed significant inequalities in denture non‐use. The lower the co‐payment rate, the smaller the inequalities. SIIs for each co‐payment rate were as follows: 30 per cent =13.35% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.61–17.09); 20 per cent =7.85% (95% CI = 4.88–10.81); and 10 per cent =4.85% (95% CI = 2.55–7.16). Inclusion of interaction term between income and co‐payment rate significantly lowered the inequalities by co‐payment rate in logistic regression analysis and SII. For RII, although the interaction was not statistically significant, a similar trend was observed.ConclusionsIncome inequalities in denture use existed among older adults with severe tooth loss in Japan, and the inequalities appeared to be greater when the co‐payment rate was higher.
Benefits of alignment quality‐control processing steps and an Angiosperms353 phylogenomics pipeline applied to the Celastrales
Authors: Simmons Mark P. , Maurin Olivier , Bailey Paul , Brewer Grace E. , Roy Shyamali , Lombardi Julio A. , Forest Félix , Baker William J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examined the impact of successive alignment quality‐control steps on downstream phylogenomic analyses. We applied a recently published phylogenomics pipeline that was developed for the Angiosperms353 target‐sequence‐capture probe set to the flowering plant order Celastrales. Our final dataset consists of 158 species, including at least one exemplar from all 109 currently recognized Celastrales genera. We performed nine quality‐control steps and compared the inferred resolution, branch support, and topological congruence of the inferred gene and species trees with those generated after each of the first six steps. We describe and justify each of our quality‐control steps, including manual masking, in detail so that they may be readily applied to other lineages. We found that highly supported clades could generally be relied upon even if stringent orthology and alignment quality‐control measures had not been applied. But separate instances were identified, for both concatenation and coalescence, wherein a clade was highly supported before manual masking but then subsequently contradicted. These results are generally reassuring for broad‐scale analyses that use phylogenomics pipelines, but also indicate that we cannot rely exclusively on these analyses to conclude how challenging phylogenetic problems are best resolved.
Continuous glucose monitoring to assess glucose variability in type 3c diabetes
Authors: Lee Victoria T. Y. , Poynten Ann , Depczynski Barbara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in maintaining glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well demonstrated. However, the degree of glycaemic variability (GV) in people with type 3c diabetes mellitus has not been fully explored using CGM. This study aims to evaluate GV in type 3c diabetes mellitus participants and compare it to type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsParticipants were grouped according to type of diabetes. GV, defined as percentage coefficient of variation (%CV), and other glycaemic indices were obtained using CGM (FreeStyle Libre, Abbott, Australia) from 82 participants across all three cohorts over a 14‐day period. Comparison of baseline characteristics and GV were performed across all groups. Correlation of GV with C‐peptide values, and whether pancreatic supplementation had an effect on GV were also assessed in the type 3c diabetes mellitus cohort.ResultsGV of type 3c diabetes mellitus participants was within the recommended target of less than %CV 36% (p = 0.004). Type 3c diabetes mellitus participants had the lowest GV among the three groups (p = 0.001). There was a trend for lower C‐peptide levels to be associated with higher GV in type 3c diabetes mellitus participants (p = 0.22). Pancreatic enzyme supplementation in type 3c diabetes mellitus participants did not have an effect on GV (p = 0.664).ConclusionsAlthough type 3c diabetes mellitus participants were the least variable, they had the highest mean glucose levels and estimated HbA1c, which suggests that the concept of ‘brittle’ diabetes in type 3c diabetes mellitus is not supported by the results of CGM in this study and may be leading to poorer glycaemic control.
Effect of host plants on development and reproduction of Diaphorina citri and their host preference
Authors: Meng Lixue , Cheng Xiaoqin , Xia Changxiu , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of five host plant species – tangerine, Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju, C. reticulata cv. Ponkan, orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, and navel orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (all Rutaceae) – on the life‐table parameters and host preference of the citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), were evaluated under laboratory conditions. In the presence of the host plants tested, citrus psyllid showed higher preference for navel orange, followed by Shatangju and orange jasmine. Total nymph duration of D. citri was longest on lemon (14.1 days) and shortest on Shatangju (12.7 days). The survival rate (lx) of citrus psyllid on orange jasmine was significantly higher than on other tested host plants. The highest longevity of females was observed on lemon (47.6 days), whereas the shortest was on navel orange (40.5 days). The total number of eggs laid by females was not significantly different among host species. The net reproductive rate (R0) was significantly affected by host plants, being highest on Shatangju (162.1 females/female per generation) and lowest on navel orange (130.7). The intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) was not significantly different among hosts, and ranged from 0.112 on lemon to 0.123 on orange jasmine. Cluster analysis of the life‐table parameters of D. citri on five host plant species indicated that Shatangju was the most suitable host to D. citri, followed by orange jasmine, and navel orange was the least suitable.
Above‐ and belowground resistance in Brazilian maize varieties under attack of Spodoptera frugiperda and Diabrotica speciosa
Authors: Costa Eduardo Neves , Fernandes Marcos Gino , Reis Lucas Coutinho , Martins Lucas Ortega , Foresti Andressa Caroline , de Paula Quintão Scalon Silvana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn South America, maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) crops are commonly infested with larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as voracious leaf feeders, as well as by larvae of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a pest that destroys maize root systems. Despite the relevance of these insects to maize fields, there is no information available about the effects of these herbivores on one another. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate in different maize varieties: (1) the influence of previous leaf consumption by S. frugiperda on D. speciosa larval weight and survival, (2) effects of previous root attack by D. speciosa on S. frugiperda larval weight and survival, and (3) the relationship between peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (resistance‐related enzymes) and maize resistance to the pests. One fifth instar S. frugiperda was released per potted maize plant at vegetative stage 4 (V4), and 24 h later plants were infested with 25 D. speciosa larvae. One set of plants was infested with D. speciosa only, and 16 days later whorl leaf sections were brought to the laboratory and offered to S. frugiperda neonate larvae. Performance of both insect pests was determined based on larval weight and survival. Uninfested plants of variety Maisena were susceptible to both herbivores. However, plants of this variety pre‐infested with S. frugiperda disfavored D. speciosa larval survival. Similarly, plants of variety Maisena pre‐infested with D. speciosa adversely affected S. frugiperda larval growth. Nevertheless, this induction of resistance was inhibited when the plant was also pre‐infested with S. frugiperda. In most cases, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase did not seem to play a role in mediating resistance to the pests. Overall, variety Maisena appears as a template for the development of maize genotypes expressing induced resistance. The potential of some varieties regarding constitutive resistance is also discussed.
Protocol for assessing soybean antibiosis toChloridea virescens
Authors: Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal , Eduardo Wellington Ivo , de Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha , de Moraes Renato Franco Oliveira , Louvandini Helder , Barbosa José Carlos , Stout Michael Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are no standard protocols for assessing antibiosis in soybean,Glycine max(L.) (Fabaceae), cultivars to lepidopterans, including tobacco budworm,Chloridea virescens(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important species that causes damage to soybean crops in several production regions. This study was conducted to assess methodologies to determine the optimal combination of larval density, confinement container size, and plant structure in soybean antibiosis assays toC. virescens. In addition, primary and secondary metabolites in plant structures were analyzed to elucidate potential chemical resistance mechanisms against this lepidopteran. Antibiosis assays toC. virescensin resistant (IAC‐100) and susceptible (BR‐16) soybean cultivars were performed using three larval densities (one, two, and three larvae), two confinement container sizes (150 and 300 ml), and combinations of soybean plant structures (leaves, uncut pods, leaves + uncut pods, cut pods, and leaves + cut pods). Phenol, tannin, fiber, and lignin contents were quantified in the leaves, uncut pods, and grains of the soybean cultivars and related to biological development ofC. virescens. Resistance levels in soybean cultivars in antibiosis assays were best differentiated using one larva per 150‐ml confinement container, fed only on soybean leaves. Higher contents of condensed tannins in the leaves of IAC‐100 cultivar may be one of the main chemical mechanisms of resistance toC. virescens. Our study is the first to determine the optimal combination of larval density, confinement container size, and plant structure for antibiosis assays in soybean cultivars toC. virescens. The developed protocol will benefit high‐throughput phenotyping in genetic breeding programs to obtain cultivars resistant to lepidopterans for use in integrated pest management.
Validation of patient‐reported vaso‐occlusive crisis day as an endpoint in sickle cell disease studies
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Currie Brooke M. , Callaghan Michael , Wyrwich Kathleen W. , Pease Sheryl , Baker Christine L. , Arkin Steven , Pittman Debra D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC). Historically, VOC episodes have been assessed through medical utilization, thereby excluding events managed at home. In order to validate a daily patient‐reported outcome for patients with SCD to accurately report their VOC status and experience of a pain crisis, a SCD Diary was included in Evaluation of Longitudinal Pain Study in Sickle Cell Disease (ELIPSIS), a longitudinal, six‐month, non‐interventional study. The daily patient‐completed diary included a description of SCD pain crisis, followed by questions on: pain crisis in the past 24 h (VOC Day question; respective response yes or no), worst pain, tiredness, and functioning. Thirty‐five patients with SCD participated in ELIPSIS. Analyses were performed to validate the patient‐reported VOC Day. Mean symptoms and functioning scores on the first or last VOC Day of a VOC Event were compared using t‐tests with the mean of the three non‐VOC Days before and after the event. Mean severity of symptoms and functioning scores on all VOC Days compared to all non‐VOC Days were higher, with statistically significant mean differences between first/last VOC Days and respective three non‐VOC Days (p's < .01). A subset of patients (n = 15) and caregivers (n = 9) were interviewed to evaluate their understanding of the SCD Diary questions. Nearly all confirmed that the pain crisis description accurately described the VOC experience, and participants expressed confidence differentiating SCD crisis pain from everyday pain. These results demonstrate patients can reliably report their experiences with VOC‐related pain crises using the SCD Diary.
Dental anxiety treatment by a dentist in primary care: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hauge Mariann Saanum , Stora Bent , Willumsen Tiril 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn an earlier randomized controlled trial of dental anxiety treatments (n = 96) we compared the effects of dentist‐administered cognitive behavioural therapy (D‐CBT) and dental treatment supplemented with the Four Habits communication model plus midazolam sedation. Both treatments, applied in a general dental practice, were associated with a clinically relevant decrease in dental anxiety. In this follow‐up study, 52 of the 82 treatment completers responded to an online questionnaire 1 year post‐treatment. Reduction in dental anxiety persisted for both treatment groups. From baseline to 1 year post‐treatment the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was reduced by 7.8 [SD: 4.4; Cohen's d effect size: 1.2 (CI: 0.8–1.7)] and 7.8 [SD: 4.2; Cohen's d: 1.4 (0.9–1.8)] in the D‐CBT and Four Habits/midazolam groups, respectively. Most patients (74% for D‐CBT, 80% for Four Habits/midazolam) continued with dental treatment. Nine patients in the D‐CBT and seven in the Four Habits/midazolam groups received additional CBT treatment from a psychologist/dentist team. Both methods tested should be accessible to interested dentists who receive adequate training. Effective first‐line treatments for dental anxiety in general dental practice can generate more accessible care pathways for patients with dental anxiety. Evidence‐based dental anxiety treatment programmes should be included in the dental curriculum and established as best practice for dentists.
Correlation between fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography brain hypometabolism and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Soncin Lisa‐Dounia , Faure Sylvane , McGonigal Aileen , Horowitz Tatiana , Belquaid Sara , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guedj Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and focal epilepsy is poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that there is a complex and reciprocal potential reinforcement of the symptoms of each condition. In this study, we investigated whether there are PTSD‐specific brain changes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism was compared between controls and two groups of TLE patients: one group of 15 patients fulfilling the criteria for a potential diagnosis of PTSD (TLE‐PTSD+), another group of 24 patients without a diagnosis of PTSD (TLE‐PTSD‐), and a group of 30 healthy control participants. We compared the differences in brain PET metabolism among these three groups, and we studied their correlations with interictal and peri‐ictal scales of PTSD symptoms. TLE‐PTSD+ patients showed more significant hypometabolism involving right temporal and right orbitofrontal cortex in comparison to TLE‐PTSD‐ patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, degree of reduced metabolism in these brain areas correlated with interictal and peri‐ictal PTSD questionnaire scores. PTSD in temporal epilepsy is associated with specific changes in neural networks, affecting limbic and paralimbic structures. This illustrates the close intertwining of epileptogenic and psychogenic processes in these patients.
Does social capital foster sustainable investment?
Authors: Choy Siu Kai , Koci Iva , Wang Mingzhu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow do country‐level societal norms affect financial investments? We provide evidence that mutual funds managed in high social capital countries are inclined to consider environmental, social and governance filters in their portfolios, especially when acquiring new stocks and investing abroad. We argue that social capital nurtures the investment preferences of retail investors, whose demand incentivizes fund managers to respond in kind. Such impact is more pronounced in individualistic and high–power distance societies, suggesting that the social cohesion benefit of social capital complements altruistic inclinations in the former and provides mechanisms to punish unsustainable investment behaviour in the latter.