bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of perforation and blister features on internally corroded aged water pipeline wall
Authors: Martinez Sanja , Ilhan‐Sungur Esra , Cansever Nurhan , Khoshnaw Fuad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite well‐controlled chlorination, no known operational outages and physicochemical parameters of the water indicating a slight tendency to form carbonate deposits, aged and internally uncoated pipelines may experience unexpected internal corrosion events that raise integrity concerns. A typical corrosion damage was investigated consisting of a single perforation covered by a corrosion product cap (CPC) approximately 5 cm in diameter and surrounded by a relatively dense population of blisters of approx. 1 cm in diameter covering shallow corrosion pits. It was observed on the inner wall of an aged on‐land water distribution pipeline after decades of corrosion‐free operation. A dense population of bacteria, sulphides and extracellular polysaccharide substances were detected in the CPC, but none at the pit bottom surrounding the perforation and within the blisters, but abundant fungi were observed on scanning electron microscopy images of the blister bottom. The morphology of the blisters suggests that the blister formation is due to the loss of adhesion of the corrosion product layer, which is influenced by the formation of spherulitic crystals. The Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy results suggest that the growth of these carbonate crystals is related to the adsorption of microbially generated carbonyl groups. The results support a likely scenario of the effect of biomineralization on the appearance of corrosion through the formation of blisters, which may provide a niche for microbes that eventually cause corrosion damage.
Impact of Telechelic Polymer Precursors on the Viscoelastic Properties of Vitrimers
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Moriya Akinori , Naito Masanobu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe viscoelastic property of vitrimers, which belong to a group of covalent bond adaptable networks, is one of the most critical properties during the applications of these materials. Herein, the significant effect of the network architecture of the cross‐linked polymers, particularly the arrangements of cross‐links and chains, on the viscoelastic property, which is determined directly from the structure of the precursor polymers, is reported. The systematic investigation reveals that vitrimers from telechelic polymers with reactive groups at the chain ends show a sharp elastic modulus decrease. Furthermore, these polymers demonstrate highly fluid‐like behavior at elevated temperature and fast stress relaxation, compared to vitrimers from random copolymers that have similar chain length and number of cross‐linking groups.
Improved multi‐echo gradient echo myelin water fraction mapping using complex‐valued neural network analysis
Authors: Jung Soozy , Yun JiSu , Kim Deog Young , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: February 2022

PurposePreviously, an artificial neural network method was introduced to estimate quantitative myelin water fraction (MWF) using multi‐echo gradient‐echo data. However, the fiber orientation of white matter with respect to B0 could bias the quantification of MWF. Here, we developed an advanced workflow for MWF estimation that could improve the quantification of MWF.MethodsTo adopt fiber orientation effects, a complex‐valued neural network with complex‐valued operation was used. In addition, to compensate for the bias from different scan parameters, a signal model incorporating the T1 value was devised for training data generation. At the testing stage, a voxel‐spread function approach was utilized for spatial B0 artifact correction. Finally, dropout‐based variational inference was implemented for uncertainty estimates on the network model to provide a confidence interpretation of the output.ResultsAccording to simulation and in vivo analysis, the proposed method suggests improved quality of MWF estimation by correcting the bias and artifacts. The proposed complex‐valued neural network approach can alleviate the dependency of fiber orientation effects compared to previous artificial neural network method. Uncertainty estimates provides information different from fitting error that can be used as a confidence level of the resulting MWF values.ConclusionAn improved MWF mapping using complex‐valued neural network analysis has been proposed.
Performance of orientation distribution function‐fingerprinting with a biophysical multicompartment diffusion model
Authors: Filipiak Patryk , Shepherd Timothy , Lin Ying‐Chia , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Boada Fernando E. , Baete Steven H. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeOrientation Distribution Function (ODF) peak finding methods typically fail to reconstruct fibers crossing at shallow angles below 40°, leading to errors in tractography. ODF‐Fingerprinting (ODF‐FP) with the biophysical multicompartment diffusion model allows for breaking this barrier.MethodsA randomized mechanism to generate a multidimensional ODF‐dictionary that covers biologically plausible ranges of intra‐ and extra‐axonal diffusivities and fraction volumes is introduced. This enables ODF‐FP to address the high variability of brain tissue. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on both numerical simulations and a reconstruction of major fascicles from high‐ and low‐resolution in vivo diffusion images.ResultsODF‐FP with the suggested modifications correctly identifies fibers crossing at angles as shallow as 10 degrees in the simulated data. In vivo, our approach reaches 56% of true positives in determining fiber directions, resulting in visibly more accurate reconstruction of pyramidal tracts, arcuate fasciculus, and optic radiations than the state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Moreover, the estimated diffusivity values and fraction volumes in corpus callosum conform with the values reported in the literature.ConclusionThe modified ODF‐FP outperforms commonly used fiber reconstruction methods at shallow angles, which improves deterministic tractography outcomes of major fascicles. In addition, the proposed approach allows for linearization of the microstructure parameters fitting problem.
The effectiveness of post‐professional physical therapist training in the treatment of chronic low back pain using a propensity score approach with machine learning
Authors: Cheema Carolyn , Baldwin Jonathan , Rodeghero Jason , Werneke Mark W. , Mioduski Jerry E. , Jeffries Lynn , Kucksdorf Joseph , Shepherd Mark , Randall Ken , Dionne Carol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationaleLow back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability in the United States creating substantial hardships through negative social, financial, and health effects. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) accounted for above half of patients treated in physical therapy (PT) clinics for LBP. However, research shows small benefit from PT in CLBP treatment. Preliminary evidence suggests clinician‐level training variables may affect outcomes, but requires further investigation to determine whether patients with CLBP benefit from treatment by providers with post‐professional training. This study examined the relationship between clinician training levels and patient‐reported outcomes in CLBP treatment.MethodsPhysical therapies were surveyed using a large patient outcome assessment system to determine and categorise them by level of post‐professional education. To account for the possibility that clinicians with higher levels of training are referred more‐complex patients, a machine learning approach was used to identify predictive variables for clinician group, then to construct propensity scores to account for differences between groups. Differences in functional status score change among pooled data were analysed using linear models adjusted for propensity scores.ResultsThere were no clinically meaningful differences in patient outcomes when comparing clinician post‐professional training level. The propensity score method proved to be a valuable way to account for differences at baseline between groups.ConclusionPost‐professional training does not appear to contribute to improved patient outcomes in the treatment of CLBP. This study demonstrates that propensity score analysis can be used to ensure that differences observed are true and not due to differences at baseline.
Largemouth Bass Hatchery Contributions Quantified via Parentage-Based Tagging
Authors: Hargrove John S. , Dockendorf Kevin J. , Potoka Kathryn M. , Smith Christopher A. , Alvarez Valentina , Austin James D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides are the focus of a billion-dollar (US$1 × 109) recreational fishery in North America and are subject to widespread hatchery supplementation efforts. Parentage-based tagging (PBT) uses genetic samples taken from hatchery broodstock to genetically “tag” offspring and represents a valuable approach to inform fisheries management and assess hatchery contributions in the wild. This study used a robust microsatellite panel for PBT with Largemouth Bass that reliably discriminated among individuals and siblings and that had low parentage error rates (i.e., false assignments). Genetic data from three cohorts of hatchery broodstock (184 individuals sampled across 3 years) were used to quantify the impacts of planting 150,346 fingerling Largemouth Bass into Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina. Parentage-based tagging detected low overall levels of hatchery contributions in the wild (4.1%), which varied as a function of collection year (range = 1.5–7.7%). Furthermore, hatchery contributions varied by broodstock cohort, with PBT detections being attributed to broodstock from only two of the three stocking years. The application of PBT for Largemouth Bass represents a cost-effective and practical approach to tag large numbers of hatchery offspring, monitor supplementation efforts, and evaluate the efficacy of different hatchery practices.
Increased nutrition risk at admission is associated with longer hospitalization in children and adolescents with COVID‐19
Authors: Zamberlan Patrícia , Carlotti Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri , Viani Karina Helena Canton , Rodriguez Isadora Souza , Simas Josiane de Carvalho , Silvério Ariadne Beatriz , Volpon Leila Costa , de Carvalho Werther Brunow , Delgado Artur Figueiredo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the association of nutritional risk and inflammatory marker level with length of stay (LOS) in children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection in two pediatric teaching hospitals in a developing country.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analytical retrospective study performed in two pediatric hospitals. We included the data from all children and adolescents who were hospitalized with a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection between March and December 2020. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Nutritional risk was assessed according to the STRONGkids tool within 24 hours of admission and was categorized into two levels: ≥4 (high risk) and <4 (moderate or low risk). Means or medians were compared between nutritional risk groups using the t test and Mann–WhitneyUtest, respectively. The association of nutritional risk and inflammatory markers with LOS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. Cox proportional‐hazard and linear regression models were performed, and adjusted for sex, age, and respiratory symptoms.ResultsFrom a total of 73 patients, 20 (27.4%) had a STRONGkids score ≥4 at admission, which was associated with a longer LOS even after adjusting (β= 12.30; 1.74–22.9 95% CI;P = 0.023). The same association was observed between LOS and all laboratory markers except for D‐dimer.ConclusionAmong children and adolescents with COVID‐19, a STRONGkids score ≥4 at admission, lower values of albumin, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin, and higher CRP values were associated with longer LOS.
What are the links between tree‐based farming and dietary quality for rural households? A review of emerging evidence in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Vansant Emilie C. , Mausch Kai , Ickowitz Amy , McMullin Stepha , Karanja Alice , Rasmussen Laura Vang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In most low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), conventional agricultural policy promotes specialized production systems of carbohydrate‐rich crops to address hunger and food insecurity. For rural populations, however, increased landscape uniformity can reduce both agrobiodiversity and wild biodiversity, which can contribute to diet uniformity. Although maintaining diversity in and around agricultural systems is far from a new approach, there is growing empirical attention on the contribution of trees on/around farms to dietary quality. While recent research suggests that forests can contribute to improved diets, there is only emerging evidence on how incorporating trees into farming systems not only benefits nature but also positively affects the diets of rural households.

This review synthesizes the existing empirical research on the linkages between different types of tree‐based farming systems and indicators of dietary quality in LMICs. The objective is to build a foundation for future research that supports sustainable production systems with dual benefits for people and the natural environment.

The small, yet heterogeneous literature pool (n = 36 studies) reflects the high variance in how trees on/around farms are examined across cultural and geographical contexts. Our analysis identifies three major outcomes: (a) managing tree‐based farming systems for both direct provision of wild and cultivated foods, as well as income used to purchase foods, may give households more strategies for dietary diversification and improve dietary quality; (b) the relationship between different tree‐based farming systems and dietary quality is moderated by socio‐economic and biophysical factors at the national, landscape and household levels; and (c) indigenous populations engaged in traditional forms of subsistence‐oriented tree‐based farming seem to maintain high levels of dietary diversity, indicating the importance of local knowledge and biodiversity stewardship to maintain these food sources in the face of commercial agricultural expansion.

Our synthesis of existing evidence highlights a need for a more nuanced understanding of how different types of tree‐based farming systems contribute to dietary quality. Combining research methods from the domains of agriculture, forestry and nutrition can lead to more precise measurement of tree‐based farming/diet linkages, and in doing so, support programs promoting increased landscape and dietary diversity in LMICs.

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Enhanced properties of chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol green bacteriostatic film composited with bamboo fiber and silane‐modified bamboo fiber
Authors: Chen Jianfu , Su Xiaochi , Zheng Meixia , Lin Junyan , Tan Kok Bing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol blend film (CHP) with bamboo fiber modified with coupling agent. The effects of silane‐based coupling agent dosage on transmittance, water solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical, and bacteriostatic properties were examined. The modification of the coupling agent enabled the modified bamboo fiber to be successfully participated in the film formation. Hence, the amount of coupling agent was varied, and it was found that the developed film containing 1 ml of coupling agent had the best overall performance. Water solubility and WVP of the film were decreased by 41.63% and 36.93%, respectively, which increase its waterproof capability. The tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 61.97% and 8.07%, respectively. This study shows that the chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol composite film modified by both bamboo fiber and coupling agent may provide a choice for the development of bioactive packaging.
Validity of identification algorithms combining diagnostic codes with other measures for acute ischemic stroke in MID‐NET®
Authors: Tanigawa Masatoshi , Kohama Mei , Nonaka Takahiro , Saito Atsuko , Tamiya Ado , Nomura Hiroko , Kataoka Yoko , Okauchi Masanobu , Tamiya Takashi , Inoue Ryusuke , Nakayama Masaharu , Suzuki Takahiro , Uyama Yoshiaki , Yokoi Hideto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to develop a reliable identification algorithm combining diagnostic codes with several treatment factors for inpatients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies using the administrative database MID‐NET® in Japan.MethodsWe validated 11 identification algorithms based on 56 different diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; ICD‐10) using Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data combined with information on AIS therapeutic procedures added as “AND” condition or “OR” condition. The target population for this study was 366 randomly selected hospitalized patients with possible cases of AIS, defined as relevant ICD‐10 codes and diagnostic imaging and prescription or surgical procedure, in three institutions between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2017. We determined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of these identification algorithms based on comparisons with a gold standard consisting of chart reviews by experienced specialist physicians. Additionally, the sensitivities of them among 166 patients with the possible cases of AIS at a single institution were evaluated.ResultsThe PPVs were 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.566–0.667) to 0.909 (95% CI: 0.708–0.989) and progressively increased with adding or limiting information on AIS therapeutic procedures as “AND” condition in the identification algorithms. The PPVs for identification algorithms based on diagnostic codes I63.x were >0.8. However, the sensitivities progressively decreased to a maximum of ~0.2 after adding information on AIS therapeutic procedures as “AND” condition.ConclusionsThe identification algorithms based on the combination of appropriate ICD‐10 diagnostic codes in DPC data and other AIS treatment factors may be useful to studies for AIS at a national level using MID‐NET®.
Effectiveness and use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction point of care testing in a large‐scale COVID‐19 surveillance system
Authors: Mack Christina D. , Wasserman Erin B. , Hostler Christopher J. , Solomon Gary , Anderson Deverick J. , Walton Patti , Hawaldar Kalyani , Myers Emily , Best Michele , Eichner Daniel , Mayer Thom , Sills Allen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRapid COVID‐19 testing platforms can identify infected individuals at the point of care (POC), allowing immediate isolation of infected individuals and reducing the risk of transmission. While lab‐based nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is often considered the gold standard to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 in the community, results typically take 2–7 days to return, rendering POC testing a critical diagnostic tool for infection control. The National Football League (NFL) and NFL Players Association deployed a new POC testing strategy using a newly available reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) rapid test during the 2020 season, and evaluated diagnostic effectiveness compared to other available devices using real‐world population surveillance data.MethodsRT‐PCR POC test results were compared to NAAT results from same‐day samples by calculation of positive and negative concordance. Sensitivity analyses were performed for three subgroups: (1) individuals symptomatic at time of positive test; (2) individuals tested during the pilot phase of rollout; and (3) individuals tested daily.ResultsAmong 4989 same‐day POC/NAAT pairs, 4957 (99.4%) were concordant, with 93.1% positive concordance and 99.6% negative concordance. Based on adjudicated case status, the false negative rate was 0.2% and false positive rate was 2.9%. In 43 instances, the immediate turnaround of results by POC allowed isolation of infected individuals 1 day sooner than lab‐based testing. Positive/negative concordance in sensitivity analyses were relatively stable.ConclusionRT‐PCR POC testing provided timely results that were highly concordant with lab‐based NAAT in population surveillance. Expanded use of effective RT‐PCR POC can enable rapid isolation of infected individuals and reduce COVID‐19 infection in the community.
Fabrication and characterization of gamma‐irradiated nanomarble/acrylonitrile and styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Fathy E. S. , Awad Eman H. , Elnaggar Mona Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA comparative study on two nanocomposites based namely on acrylonitrile‐butadiene (NBR) and styrene‐butadiene (SBR) synthetic rubbers, reinforced by varying ratios of waste nanomarble particles (WM) was carried out. Silane which served as coupling agent was applied in treating waste marble (TWM) and the characters of the prepared nanocomposites before and after treatments were examined. Nanocomposites were fabricated using a laboratory roll mill and pressed under heat, then irradiated with gamma‐rays at 100 kGy. Filler characterization, using the techniques transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were discussed. TEM micrographs revealed that though untreated WM particles were within the nanometer scale, however showed incremental reduction in size via silane treatment. Mechanical parameters, thermal stability, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the advanced NBR and SBR nanocomposites have been studied. Filler loading with 5 wt% led to remarked improvement in the tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (M100), and tearing strength of the NBR nanocomposite samples. Meanwhile, elongation at break of SBR nanocomposites exhibited regressive behavior. Thermal stability testing of pristine NBR and SBR specimens demonstrated adverse features by compounding with untreated and treated waste nanomarble. Furthermore, gamma irradiated NBR nanocomposites reinforced with TWM indicated appreciable development at all thermogravimetric stages. Whereas, irradiation of SBR nanocomposites with a gamma integral dose of 100 kGy resulted in slight enhancement in thermal stability.
Large area co‐plated bifacial n‐PERT cells with polysilicon passivating contacts on both sides
Authors: Singh Sukhvinder , Choulat Patrick , Govaerts Jonathan , van der Heide Arvid , Depauw Valérie , Duerinckx Filip , Naber Ronald , Lenes Martijn , Renes Marten , Tous Loic , Poortmans Jef 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we show the integration of polysilicon‐based passivating contacts in plated bifacial n‐type PERT (passivated emitter and rear totally diffused) solar cells. We show the viability of n‐PERT cells using two‐side passivating contacts with two‐side plated nickel/silver metallization. Compared with commercially available “TOPCon” cells with rear side passivated contacts only, n‐PERT cells with both side passivated contacts should enable the exploitation of the full potential of passivated contacts. We show that both n‐poly and p‐poly were applied and co‐plated successfully on both sides of n‐PERT solar cells. Considering the potential parasitic absorption losses on the front side of the device originating from p‐poly, we applied selective p‐poly by patterning. We compared two patterning methods for front side polysilicon: the masking and etch approach using inkjet printing and a simple and cost‐effective patterning method using UV laser oxidation. A best efficiency of 22.7% has been achieved with these cells so far on large area (244.3 cm2) n‐type Cz, with a potential efficiency above 24%. Some of these co‐plated bifacial cells have been processed into one‐cell laminates using smart wire interconnection (SWCT) technology. These have passed thermal cycling (TC) tests as defined in IEC61215.