bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the J-Shaped Wind Turbine Airfoil Opening Ratio and Thickness on the Performance of Symmetrical Airfoils
Authors: Al Hamad Saif , Habash Omar , Hasan Alaa , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, the effect of the inner opening ratio on the J-shaped airfoils aerodynamic performance was studied and documented for symmetrical airfoils. Three different airfoil thicknesses were investigated: small (NACA0008), medium (NACA0015), and large (NACA0024). For each airfoil thickness, effects of three inner opening ratios were analyzed: one-third, one-half, and two-thirds. The performance of each opening ratio was compared with the performance of the solid airfoil “zero opening ratio” for different angles of attack between 5 deg and 20 deg. All designs were simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology against experimental results for solid NACA4412 airfoil in the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) wind tunnel facility and other published experimental data. It was found that large eddy simulation yields accurate solutions with a smaller number of mesh cells compared to the k–ω turbulence model but with much longer computational time. The lift-to-drag ratio for all studied airfoils has a maximum value for solid airfoils compared to those equipped with openings. For airfoils equipped with 00.00% opening ratio “solid,” NACA0015 airfoil has the maximum lift-to-drag ratio. Furthermore, it was found that NACA0008 equipped with a 33.33% opening ratio has the best performance of all studied J-shaped airfoils.
Computer 3D Vision-Aided Full-3D Optimization of a Centrifugal Impeller
Authors: Ji Cheng , Wang Zhiheng , Xi Guang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A computer three-dimensional (3D) vision-aided performance prediction framework for turbomachinery is established in this paper, to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the artificial neural network (ANN) model under inputs of more than 90 control parameters. In this framework, a RandLA-encoder is built to extract the flow information related to performance and geometric parameters from point cloud data of flow fields inside impellers. By implicitly learning this kind of flow information, the prediction error of the ANN model is reduced by 20–30% compared with the traditional one. Based on this, a full-3D optimization with 91 variables, including arbitrary blade surface and non-axisymmetric (but periodic) hub surface, is conducted on Krain low-speed impeller, aiming at a comprehensive performance improvement. After the optimization, compared to the baseline, the maximum isentropic efficiency of the compressor is increased by 1.6%, the isentropic efficiency at design point is increased by 1%, and the flow range is increased by 5%, with a slight increase in pressure ratio.
Analysis of the Loss Production Mechanism Due to Cavity–Main Flow Interaction in a Low-Pressure Turbine Stage
Authors: Barsi Dario , Lengani Davide , Simoni Daniele , Venturino Giulio , Bertini Francesco , Giovannini Matteo , Rubechini Filippo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the present work, URANS simulations are presented to describe the unsteady interaction process between the flow ingested/ejected from a cavity system and the main flow evolving into a low-pressure turbine stage. Particular care is posed on the analysis of the loss generation mechanisms acting outside the stator row and in the rear part of the axial gap separating the cavity flow ejection section and the leading edge plane of the downstream rotor row. The simulated geometry reproduces a typical engine cavity configuration, with upstream and downstream rotor rows reproduced by means of moving bars. Experimental results have been used to validate the simulations. These experimental data cannot explain and quantify alone the overall interaction process between the cavity flows and the main flow. The results of a simulation made by removing the domain of the cavity have been employed in order to better highlight and quantify the effects due to main flow and cavity flows interaction on total pressure loss. A deep inspection of the loss amount along the axial direction makes evident that losses generated in the vane row are basically increased prior to entering into the downstream rotor bars, due to cavity main flow interaction.
Ultra Low Temperature Microturbine for Magic Angle Spinning System
Authors: Herzog Nicoleta , Weber Alexander , Purea Armin , Osen David , Knott Benno , Engelke Frank , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the fluid dynamics of a microturbine system that is applied in a device for chemical and biological analysis—a so-called magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe. The present system is utilized in a wide temperature range from 45 K to 293 K. Pressurized air, nitrogen, or helium are used to drive a Pelton type microturbine. This turbine is mounted on a MAS rotor with a diameter between 0.7 mm and 3.2 mm. The rotor system is equipped with a pressurized gas bearing that is operated by the same gas species as the turbine. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed and compared with fluid dynamics measurements of the MAS system for different diameters, temperatures, and spinning rates between 23 kHz and 120 kHz. To our knowledge, this work is the first comprehensive CFD and experimental study of such a wide temperature range that has been carried out for microturbines with pressurized gas bearings. The results show good agreement between measurements and CFD simulations with appropriate (real) gas models, i.e., the ideal gas model for air at room temperature, Peng–Robinson model for nitrogen at 105 K, and ideal gas model for helium at 45 K.
Anthropometric and Power-Related Attributes Differ Between Competition Levels in Age-Matched Under-19-Year-Old Male Basketball Players
Authors: Williams Markus N.C. , Wen Neal , Pyne David B. , Ferioli Davide , Conte Daniele , Dalbo Vincent J. , Scanlan Aaron T. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To compare anthropometric and power-related attributes between competition levels in under-19-year-old (U19) male basketball players. Methods: National-level (n = 7; age: 17.7 [0.5] y), first-division state-level (n = 8; 17.4 [0.4] y), and second-division state-level (n = 8; 17.1 [0.4] y) players from Australian basketball programs participated in this pilot study. Players had various anthropometric attributes (height, standing reach height, wingspan, and body mass) and power-related attributes (isometric midthigh pull, linear sprint, countermovement jump, 1-step vertical jump, standing long jump, repeated lateral bound, and Modified Agility T Test) measured in the preseason. Differences between groups were assessed using 1-way analyses of variance with Tukey post hoc tests and effect sizes (ES) interpreted as trivial, <0.20; small, 0.20 to 0.59; moderate, 0.60 to 1.19; large, 1.20 to 1.99; and very large, ≥2.00. Results: Regarding anthropometric attributes, national-level players possessed greater (P < .05, large-very large) height (ES = 2.09), standing reach height (ES = 1.54), wingspan (ES = 1.45), and body mass (ES = 1.77) than second-division state-level players. For power-related attributes, national-level players possessed greater (P < .05, large-very large) isometric midthigh-pull peak force (ES = 1.46–2.57), sprint momentum (ES = 1.17–2.18), and countermovement jump peak force (ES = 1.73–2.01) than state-level players. Moreover, national-level players demonstrated greater (P < .05) 1-step vertical jump height (ES = 1.95, large) than second division state-level players. Conclusions: Specific anthropometric and power-related attributes clearly differ between competition levels in U19 male basketball players. This information can inform development of testing protocols, reference ranges, and training programs in practice. Further research is encouraged on this topic to confirm our findings across larger samples of basketball players.
Clinician Reliability of One-Handed Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Forces During a Simulated Treatment
Authors: Duffy Shaun , Martonick Nickolai , Reeves Ashley , Cheatham Scott W. , McGowan Craig , Baker Russell T. 
Published: February 2022

Clinicians utilize instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) to identify and treat myofascial dysfunction or pathology. Currently, little is known regarding the ability of clinicians to provide similar IASTM forces across treatment sessions. The authors’ purpose was to quantify clinician reliability of force application during a simulated IASTM treatment scenario. Five licensed athletic trainers with previous IASTM training (mean credential experience = 5.2 [4.3] y; median = 5 y) performed 15 one-handed unidirectional sweeping strokes with each of the 3 instruments on 2 consecutive days for a total of 90 data points each. The IASTM stroke application was analyzed for peak normal forces (Fpeak) and mean normal forces (Fmean) by stroke across 2 sessions. The authors’ findings indicate IASTM trained clinicians demonstrated sufficient Fpeak and Fmean reliability across a treatment range during a one-handed IASTM treatment. Future research should examine if IASTM applied at different force ranges influences patient outcomes.
Zircon petrochronology of Cretaceous Cordilleran interior granites of the Snake Range and Kern Mountains, Nevada, USA
Authors: Gottlieb Eric S. , Miller Elizabeth L. , Valley John W. , Fisher Christopher M. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Kitajima Kouki 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe addressed fundamental questions about the lithology, age, structure, and thermal evolution of the deep crust of the retroarc hinterland of the North American Cordilleran orogen through systematic investigation of zircons from Cretaceous plutons in the Snake Range and Kern Mountains of east-central Nevada. Geochronological (U-Pb) and geochemical (trace element, O and Hf isotopes) characterization of pre- and synmagmatic growth domains of zircons, coupled with traditional petrologic methods (petrography, field relationships, and whole-rock major-element, trace-element, and Sr-Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry), fingerprinted temporal variations in crustal contributions to magmatism. The samples are typical felsic, peraluminous Cordilleran interior granitoids that formed between 102 ± 2 Ma and 71 ± 1 Ma (95% confidence). Over the entire time span of magmatism, 87Sr/86Srinitial, εNd(t), 208Pb/204Pb, and εHf(t) exhibit incrementally more “crustal” ratios. The oldest and youngest samples, respectively, predate and postdate all published timing constraints of Cretaceous peak metamorphism in the region and exhibit the least and most radiogenic whole-rock isotopic results in the study (87Sr/86Srinitial = 0.7071 vs. 0.7222; εNd(t) = −3.4 vs. −18.8; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.8 vs. 40.1). Accordingly, the least intrasample variability of εHf(t), δ18OZrc, and trace-element ratios in magmatic zircon domains is also observed in these oldest and youngest samples, whereas greater intrasample variability is observed in intermediate-age samples that intruded during peak metamorphism. The geochemistry of zircon growth in the intermediate-age samples suggests assimilation of partially molten metasedimentary crust led to increased heterogeneity in their magma chemistry. Interaction of magmas with distinctive crust types is indicated by contrasts between four categories of inherited zircon observed in the studied intrusions: (1) detrital zircon with typical magmatic trace-element ratios; (2) zircon derived from high-grade 1.8–1.6 Ga basement; (3) zircon with anomalously low δ18O of uncertain origin, derived from 1.7/2.45 Ga basement (or detritus derived thereof); and (4) zircon from variably evolved Jurassic–Early Cretaceous deep-seated intrusions. The progression of zircon inheritance patterns, correlated with evolving geochemical signatures, in Late Cretaceous granitic plutons is best explained by early, relatively primitive intrusions and their penecontemporaneously metamorphosed country rock having been tectonically transported cratonward and superposed on older basement, from which the later, more-evolved Tungstonia pluton was generated. This juxtaposition consequentially implies tectonic transport of synorogenic plutonic rocks occurred in the Cordilleran hinterland during the Sevier orogeny as a result of the interplay of retroarc magmatism and convergent margin tectonism.
Relationship between macular intercapillary area measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and central visual field sensitivity in normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Shen Ruyue , Wang Yu Meng , Cheung Carol Y , Tang Fang Yao , Lam Alexander , Tham Clement C , Chan Poemen PuiMan 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo investigate the relationship of macular intercapillary area (ICA) with macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and central visual field sensitivity (CVFS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsSeventy-eight early NTG eyes, 33 moderate-to-severe NTG eyes and 75 normal control eyes were cross-sectional evaluated. All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). A customised MATLAB program was used to quantify macular OCT-A metrics at central 3×3 mm macular region including vascular density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, 10 largest ICA including FAZ area (ICA10_IncFAZ) and excluding FAZ area (ICA10_ExcFAZ). Generalised estimating equation regression models were performed to determine the relationships of OCT-A vascular metrics with GCIPL thickness in the macular region and CVFS.ResultsNTG eyes had lower global VD, larger ICA10_IncFAZ, and larger ICA10_ExcFAZ than normal controls (all p≤0.016). In the multivariable analyses, decreased VD (β=−0.304, p=0.006) and increased ICA (β=−0.231 for ICA10_IncFAZ and β=−0.259 for ICA10_ExcFAZ, all p≤0.042) were significantly associated with decreased GCIPL thickness in early NTG eyes but not in moderate-to-severe NTG eyes. ICA enlargement was associated with CVFS in early NTG eyes (β=−0.310, p=0.009), while VD was associated with CVFS in moderate-to-severe NTG eyes (β=−0.272, p=0.038).ConclusionICA enlargement could be a potentially important disease marker of early NTG as reflected by its association with GCIPL thinning and decrease CVFS specifically for early NTG eyes.
Shifting the dynamics: implementation of locally driven, mixed-methods modelling to inform schistosomiasis control and elimination activities
Authors: Fergus Cristin Alexis , Ozunga Bono , Okumu Noah , Parker Melissa , Kamurari Solomon , Allen Tim 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe integration of more diverse perspectives into the development of evidence for decision-making has been elusive, despite years of rhetoric to the contrary. This has led to cycles of population-based health interventions which have not delivered the promised results. The WHO most recently set a target for schistosomiasis elimination by 2030 and called for cross-cutting approaches to be driven by endemic countries themselves. The extent to which elimination is feasible within the time frame has been a subject of debate.MethodsSystems maps were developed through participatory modelling activities with individuals working on schistosomiasis control and elimination activities from the village through national levels in Uganda. These maps were first synthesised, then used to frame the form and content of subsequent mathematical modelling activities, and finally explicitly informed model parameter specifications for simulations, using the open-source SCHISTOX model, driven by the participants.ResultsBased on the outputs of the participatory modelling, the simulation activities centred around reductions in water contact. The results of the simulations showed that mass drug administration, at either the current or target levels of coverage, combined with water contact reduction activities, achieved morbidity control in high prevalenceSchistosoma mansonisettings, while both morbidity control and elimination were achieved in high prevalenceS. haematobiumsettings within the 10-year time period.ConclusionThe combination of participatory systems mapping and individual-based modelling was a rich strategy which explicitly integrated the perspectives of national and subnational policymakers and practitioners into the development of evidence. This strategy can serve as a method by which individuals who have not been traditionally included in modelling activities, and do not hold positions or work in traditional centres of power, may be heard and truly integrated into the development of evidence for decision-making in global health.
Burden of gastric and digestive cancers in the French Caribbean: perspectives from population-based cancer registries of Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana (2007–2014)
Authors: Imounga Desroziers Laure , Belliardo Sophie , Deloumeaux Jacqueline , Plenet Juliette , Bhakkan-Mambir Bernard , Péruvien Jessica , Chatignoux Edouard , Macni Jonathan , Boullard Manon , Beaubrun-Renard Murielle , Véronique-Baudin Jacqueline , Joachim Clarisse 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesData from population-based cancer registries contribute to improving our knowledge of digestive cancer trends worldwide. In this study, we present cancer incidence and mortality in Guadeloupe, French Guiana and Martinique for the periods 2008–2014, 2010–2014 and 2007–2014, respectively.DesignData were extracted from population-based cancer registries. World-standardised incidence (WSI) and mortality (WSM) rates were calculated. Main digestive cancers were analysed, including oesophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver and pancreas cancers.SettingThis study was performed based on data from French Territories in the Caribbean.ResultsWe observed a lower-incidence compared with mainland France, except for stomach cancer for which the incidence is high, with significant standardised incidence ratios in men and women at 1.90 vs 2.29 for Guadeloupe and French Guiana and 1.58 vs 2.31 for Martinique. We found a lower-mortality, except for stomach cancer for which the mortality remains high, with significant mortality ratios in men and women at 2.10 vs 2.74 for Guadeloupe, 1.64 vs 1.79 for French Guiana and 2.05 vs 2.53 for Martinique. Overall, these three regions have similar WSI and WSM rates which remain lower than those in mainland France. We noticed an overall high incidence and high mortality in men compared with women as in France.ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of stomach cancer in French overseas territories. Publication of these data contributed to expanding knowledge on the epidemiology of world cancers with data from the Caribbean zone.
Advancing a programme theory for community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants: a realist review protocol
Authors: Eslamiamirabadi Negin , Mostafa Nurelhuda Nazik , Nicolau Belinda , Macdonald Mary Ellen 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHumanitarian migrants often suffer from poor health, including oral health. Reasons for their oral health conditions include difficult migration trajectories, poor nutrition and limited financial resources. Oral health promotion is crucial for improving oral health-related quality of life of humanitarian migrants. While community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants have been implemented (eg, in host countries and refugee camps), there is scant literature evaluating their transferability or effectiveness. Given that these programmes yield unique context-specific outcomes, the purpose of this study is to understand how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, in which contexts and why.Methods and analysisRealist review, a theory-driven literature review methodology, incorporates a causal heuristic called context–mechanism–outcome configurations to explain how programmes work, for whom, and under which conditions. Using Pawson’s five steps of realist review (clarifying scope and drafting an initial programme theory; identifying relevant studies; quality appraisal and data extraction; data synthesis; and dissemination of findings), we begin by developing an initial programme theory using the references of a scoping review on the oral health of refugees and asylum seekers and through hand searching in Google Scholar. Following stakeholder validation of our initial programme theory, we will locate additional evidence by searching in four databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) to test and refine our initial programme theory into a middle-range realist programme theory. The resultant theory will explain how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, for whom, in which contexts and why.Ethics and disseminationSince this study is a review and no primary data collection will be involved, institutional ethics approval is not required. The findings of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, local and international conferences, and via social media.Trial registration numberCRD42021226085.
Duration of untreated psychosis and pathways to care in Suriname: a qualitative study among patients, relatives and general practitioners
Authors: van Beek Atousa , de Zeeuw Janine , de Leeuw Menno , Poplawska Mia , Kerkvliet Lise , Dwarkasing Rudi , Nanda Randhir , Veling Wim 
Published: February 2022

PurposePsychosis is a severe mental health problem and is responsible for poor health outcomes, premature mortality and morbidity, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), that is the time period between onset of symptoms until initiation of appropriate treatment by a healthcare professional, is one of the main determinants for successful treatment in western settings. This study aims to explore the factors related to the DUP among Surinamese patients using the perspectives from patients, their families and first-line healthcare professionals in Suriname.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with patients having a history of psychosis, family members and general practitioners between February 2019 and April 2019 in Suriname. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis for which an inductive and deductive approach was applied.ResultsIn total, 28 patients, 13 family members and 8 general practitioners were interviewed. Five patients were excluded from the study. A median DUP of 4 months was found (IQR 1–36). Identified themes related to DUP included presentation of symptoms and illness awareness, help-seeking behaviour and alternative medicine, social support and stigma, financial and practical factors.ConclusionMultiple factors were related to DUP, of which poor illness awareness, traditional medicine, stigma and social support were predominant. Poor illness awareness and use of alternative medicine were related to a longer DUP. Stigma was often an obstacle for patients and their families. Social and family support was important in helping patients to get medical help sooner. Other explored factors including financial and practical factors did not contribute to DUP.