bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of adventure therapy community and practice in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jeffery Helen , Hensey Ciara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research explored the use of adventure therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand, how practitioners have learned their skills, and what they perceive the field needs to support its development. The mixed methods study used interpretive description methodology to analyse focus group and survey data. The field is diverse and includes practitioners from outdoor education, youth work, and therapy professions. They share common understanding of, and passion for adventure therapy practices. Formal learning opportunities are limited, and a Community of Practice model exists. Practitioners should use adventure therapy strategies within their discipline boundaries and practice with a trauma informed lens. The field would benefit from more education and training opportunities, from intentionally strengthening the Community of Practice model, and from Māori research to enhance appropriateness of practice for the unique cultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Optimization of rwanda power system protection in power blackouts and cascading events
Authors: Ntambara Boniface , Umuhoza Ritha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rwanda's power system security is the most important in optimization of grid frequency to prevent power blackouts caused by load disturbances and power imbalances. To manually stabilize and restore network frequency, a tuned PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) controller was used, but it was inefficient and unreliable. The objective of this article is to develop a system that can be used to balance generation—demand powers during power outages by alleviating grid frequency in load disturbance cascaded events. By balancing power generation and demand, the balanced steady-state approach was proposed and developed to restore and optimize grid frequency to its normal state. This technique used PID-Power System Automatic Stabilization (PID-PSAS) technique based on load frequency control. The load disturbances of ± 20%, ± 10%, and ± 5% of a 250 MW power load were considered. MATLAB/Simulink was utilized to model and simulate the Rwanda power and controller systems. The results showed that the frequency responses of single and two area western and northern grids were reduced to $${13*10}^{-5}$$

13

∗
10

-
5

Hz, $${15*10}^{-6}$$

15

∗
10

-
6

Hz, and 0.251 s for overshoot, steady-state error, and settling time respectively. The proposed control system performance of 99.86% success rate was achieved and compared with the current control techniques of 70.6% performance rate. A stable frequency was observed at any disturbances and more than 300 megawatt losses were mitigated. Finally, the developed control technique rapidly stabilize the frequency and balance the generation-demand powers after 0.251 s. Future works have to focus on 0 Hz of steady state errors using cyber-physical power optimization systems.

Article Highlights

The steadiness of connected loads and power utility supply

Reduction of frequency instability and stead-state values

Prevention and mitigation of power blackouts and power interruptions
Demystifying the proliferation of online peer-to-peer lending in Indonesia: Decoding fintech as a regulatory challenge
Authors: Tan David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper purports to study the enormous proliferation of fintech online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in Indonesia, along with their risks and the prevailing regulations of fintech online P2P lending. This article also suggests a varied spectrum of regulatory actions for regulating online P2P lending as an approach to increase consumer protection and stimulate the growth of Indonesia’s financial inclusion. It highlights the regulative risks and challenges of fintech online P2P lending in Indonesia and has discovered various spectra of regulatory responses that the Indonesian government can practise to regulate this potential industry. Solid recommendations were also given to regulators to better develop the present regulatory framework. This paper adds to the literature on the prevailing practice of online P2P lending by offering a legal outlook involving legal protection and the newly emerging fintech industry from an Indonesian context.
The contemporaneous epidemic of chronic, copper deficiency
Authors: Klevay Leslie M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The classical deficiency diseases have nearly disappeared from the industrialised world and are thought to be found largely in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. More than 80 collected medical articles, mostly from Europe and North America, describe more than 9000 people with low concentrations of copper in organs or tissues or impaired metabolic pathways dependent on copper. More than a dozen articles reveal improved anatomy, chemistry or physiology in more than 1000 patients from supplements containing copper. These criteria are diagnostic of deficiency according to The Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Alzheimer's disease, ischaemic heart disease and osteoporosis receive major emphasis here. However, impaired vision, myelodysplastic syndrome and peripheral neuropathy are mentioned. Copper deficiency probably causes some common, contemporaneous diseases. Advice is provided about opportunities for research. Seemingly authoritative statements concerning the rarity of nutritional deficiency in developed countries are wrong.
A new species ofHirnantia(Orthida, Brachiopoda) and its implications for the Hirnantian age of the Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island, eastern Canada
Authors: Zimmt Joshua B. , Jin Jisuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnticosti Island, eastern Canada, records an exceptionally thick and well-exposed Ordovician/Silurian boundary section that hosts a series of diverse marine invertebrate faunas across the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the base of the terminal Ordovician stage, the Hirnantian, has been difficult to identify on Anticosti due to the lack of a traditionalHirnantiafauna within the Upper Ordovician Ellis Bay Formation. Previously, the eponymous taxon of theHirnantiafauna, and type species of the genusHirnantia,H. sagittifera(M'Coy, 1851) has been reported only from the uppermost Ellis Bay Formation, leading to uncertainty as to the age of the lower Ellis Bay Formation. Here we reportHirnantia notiskuanin. sp. from the lowermost Ellis Bay Formation. This new species is similar to the type species,H. sagittifera, but is distinguished by its strongly dorsibiconvex shell in mature forms and variously developed uniplicate anterior commissure. Occurrences of these two similar species ofHirnantia,H. notiskuaniandH. sagittifera, within the lower and uppermost Ellis Bay Formation, respectively, indicate a Hirnantian age for the entire Ellis Bay Formation, a finding that is supported by recent palynological and chemostratigraphic studies. Brachiopod assemblages within the Ellis Bay Formation therefore are best characterized as a unique and diverseHirnantiafauna, consisting of genera from both the typicalHirnantiafauna and the epeiric seas of Laurentia.UUID:http://zoobank.org/1c1dff6a-ee38-4cd3-b8bd-3d803a2774ef
Developing Iranian sub-national Primary Health Care Measurement Framework: a study protocol
Authors: Rezapour Ramin , Khosravi Ardeshir , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Ahmadnezhad Elham , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Developing an effective system for measurement and improvement of primary health care (PHC) based on the conditions and characteristics of the countries’ health systems is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.

Aims:
This study will aim to develop a framework to assess the Iranian sub-national PHC system performance using the WHO measurement framework for PHC.

Methods/designs:
This is a mix-method study with a triangulation design. The Iranian sub-national PHC Measurement Framework (PHCMF) will be developed through a review of the WHO’s PHC measurement conceptual framework (for selecting key performance indicators (KPIs)), literature review (academic database), PHC-related national documents, consultations with national experts, and the Delphi technique for finalizing the framework. The required data for calculating selected KPIs is expected to encompass qualitative and quantitative data. Discussion: Iranian PHC system performance is not measured based on the holistic and scientific framework and international standards. The information obtained from this project will guide managers and policymakers to be aware of the current situation and the success rate of the PHC system in achieving the desired goals, as well as identify strengths and weaknesses of the PHC system and provide the solution to better policy formulation.
The Power of Racial Mapping: Ellsworth Huntington, Immigration, and Eugenics in the Progressive Era
Authors: Lavery Colm 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRacial mapping during the Progressive Era played into the political narratives of eugenic intervention and immigration restriction. This article argues that the racial cartographic work of the Yale geographer and prolific eugenicist Ellsworth Huntington was both developed within and contributed to this racist milieu. Huntington’s middle-class and educated upbringing, his familial history, and his expertise as a well-travelled geographer all conspired to shape his views on eugenics, race, and immigration. By applying the critical cartographic theories of John Brian Harley, Denis Wood, Heather Winlow, and others, I show that Huntington’s racial maps were a product of his cultural and political environment. The success of a map’s impact was often due to maps being seen as objective depictions of spatial variation. Indeed, for Huntington they performed an essential role in communicating and portraying racial information. But, as I argue, they were susceptible to bias, misunderstanding, and intentional manipulation. I show that Huntington’s maps are not accurate snapshots of reality, but rather cultural texts or rhetorical images intended to create a narrative and convince the reader of a particular subjective point of view.
The use of self-compassion techniques in elite footballers: mistakes as opportunities to learn
Authors: James I. A. , Medea B. , Harding M. , Glover Danny , Carraça B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMistakes made by players during a game are common in football, and when handled well they provide opportunities to learn and develop skills. However, when there is excessive self-criticism associated with the error, leading to dysfunctional cognitions about the self, there is the potential for a reduction in performance and wellbeing. Self-criticism can serve a number of functions but when it is excessive and undermines a player’s sense of adequacy and self-esteem it can lead to anxiety and depression. The current article explores the use of self-compassion techniques as methods for reducing the potential negative impacts of self-criticism.This paper is a narrative review of the literature, examining the theory and evidence base associated with the use of self-compassion approaches in sport, particularly football. The article presents protocols used with professional footballers to promote performance and wellbeing.Key learning aims(1)Elite athletes are prone to a range of mistakes and stressors, sport and non-sport related, that they are required to deal with in order to maintain their performance and wellbeing.(2)Self-compassion strategies are useful techniques for elite athletes to both help maintain wellbeing and prevent the occurrence of ‘mental health symptoms’.(3)Evidence suggests that self-compassion strategies are helpful to footballers, and beneficial protocols have been used in studies with professional footballers.
Inaccessible justice: The violation of Article 13 of the CRPD and the ICC's role in filling the accountability gap
Authors: Vantrees Ashira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines how women and girls with disabilities who are survivors of sexual and gender-based violence crimes have a right to access justice under Article 13 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It explains how the right to access justice requires States to actively address gender and disability stigmas and discriminations that create barriers within justice systems, and how the failure to do so violates the CRPD. Further, the author argues that when a State fails to eliminate such barriers post-armed conflict, the International Criminal Court may then exercise jurisdiction over these crimes in order to raise awareness of crimes against women and girls with disabilities, strengthen domestic justice systems by pressuring States to investigate and prosecute these crimes, and act as a court of last resort for crimes against women and girls with disabilities.
The Role of Boundary Mixing for Diapycnal Oxygen Fluxes in a Stratified Marine System
Authors: Holtermann P. , Pinner O. , Schwefel R. , Umlauf L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsufficient diapycnal oxygen transport through the halocline is the key reason for the anoxic conditions typically observed in the deeper parts of the Baltic Sea. The variability of turbulent oxygen fluxes through the halocline was investigated seasonally and in space during three cruises (summer, fall, winter). Turbulence dissipation rates and oxygen fluxes showed a pronounced seasonal pattern, with the lowest values during summer. At the basin boundaries, halocline oxygen fluxes increased by an order of magnitude as a result of boundary mixing. A simple box model, distinguishing between interior, intermediate, and boundary regions, was used to extrapolate the locally observed fluxes to the central Baltic Sea. The boundary area, covering less than 23% of the total basin area, contributed more than 80% of the basin‐scale oxygen transport through the halocline. According to this model, the annual oxygen flux through the halocline is of the order of 20–28 Gmol per year.
Decoupled Chinese Loess Plateau Dust Deposition and Asian Aridification at Millennial and Tens of Millennial Timescales
Authors: Peng Fei , Nie Junsheng , Stevens Thomas , Pan Baotian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is generally assumed that increased dust accumulation rate (DAR) on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is associated with intensified inland Asian aridification. However, the timescales and area that any such association operates over is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate a lack of correlation between the southern CLP loess DAR variations and aridification over the past 130 ka, which does not support a direct link between high DAR and intensified inland Asian aridification over millennial to tens of millennial timescales. Instead, we propose that loess DAR variation is more likely determined by wet‐dry cycles and associated loose sediment production and availability via fluvial and glacial processes.
Changes in IPCC Scenario Assessment Emulators Between SR1.5 and AR6 Unraveled
Authors: Nicholls Z. , Meinshausen M. , Lewis J. , Smith C. J. , Forster P. M. , Fuglestvedt J. S. , Rogelj J. , Kikstra J. S. , Riahi K. , Byers E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe IPCC's scientific assessment of the timing of net‐zero emissions and 2030 emission reduction targets consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C rests on large scenario databases. Updates to this assessment, such as between the IPCC's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5) of warming and the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), are the result of intertwined, sometimes opaque, factors. Here we isolate one factor: the Earth System Model emulators used to estimate the global warming implications of scenarios. We show that warming projections using AR6‐calibrated emulators are consistent, to within around 0.1°C, with projections made by the emulators used in SR1.5. The consistency is due to two almost compensating changes: the increase in assessed historical warming between SR1.5 (based on AR5) and AR6, and a reduction in projected warming due to improved agreement between the emulators' response to emissions and the assessment to which it is calibrated.
Shear‐Wave Splitting in the Mantle Wedge: Role of Elastic Tensor Symmetry of Olivine Aggregates
Authors: Kenyon L. M. , Wada I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a 3‐D mantle wedge flow field for a generic oblique subduction system, we calculate elastic tensors of mineral aggregates in the mantle wedge for A‐, B‐, C‐, and E‐type olivine crystal preferred orientations (CPO) and apply the calculated elastic tensor in the forward calculation of shear‐wave splitting (SWS) through the mantle wedge. We find that the hexagonal approximation of the full tensor does not affect the SWS parameters (the fast direction and the delay time) significantly for all CPO types except that the delay time for C‐type CPO becomes shorter. Additionally, we find that despite the 3‐D mantle flow field that results from oblique subduction, the fast direction is margin‐normal for A‐, C‐ and E‐type CPOs and margin‐parallel for B‐type CPO.
Ultracompact topological photonic switch based on valley-vortex-enhanced high-efficiency phase shift
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Tang Guojing , He Yu , Wang Zhen , Li Xingfeng , Sun Lu , Zhang Yong , Yuan Luqi , Dong Jianwen , Su Yikai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopologically protected edge states based on valley photonic crystals (VPCs) have been widely studied, from theoretical verification to technical applications. However, research on integrated tuneable topological devices is still lacking. Here, we study the phase-shifting theory of topological edge modes based on a VPC structure. Benefiting from the phase vortex formed by the VPC structure, the optical path of the topological edge mode in the propagation direction is approximately two-fold that of the conventional optical mode in a strip waveguide. In experiments, we show a 1.57-fold improvement in π-phase tuning efficiency. By leveraging the high-efficiency phase-shifting properties and the sharp-turn features of the topological waveguide, we demonstrate an ultracompact 1 × 2 thermo-optic topological switch (TOTS) operating at telecommunication wavelengths. A switching power of 18.2 mW is needed with an ultracompact device footprint of 25.66 × 28.3 μm in the wavelength range of 1530–1582 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this topological photonic switch is the smallest switch of any dielectric or semiconductor 1 × 2/2 × 2 broadband optical switches, including thermo-optic and electro-optic switches. In addition, a high-speed transmission experiment employing the proposed TOTS is carried out to demonstrate the robust transmission of high-speed data. Our work reveals the phase-shifting mechanism of valley edge modes, which may enable diverse topological functional devices in many fields, such as optical communications, nanophotonics, and quantum information processing.
Age-linked suppression of lipoxin A4 associates with cognitive deficits in mice and humans
Authors: Pamplona Fabricio A. , Vitória Gabriela , Sudo Felipe K. , Ribeiro Felipe C. , Isaac Alinny R. , Moraes Carolina A. , Chauvet Mariana G. , Ledur Pitia Flores , Karmirian Karina , Ornelas Isis M. , Leo Luciana M. , Paulsen Bruna , Coutinho Gabriel , Drummond Claudia , Assunção Naima , Vanderborght Bart , Canetti Claudio A. , Castro-Faria-Neto Hugo C. , Mattos Paulo , Ferreira Sergio T. , Rehen Stevens K. , Bozza Fernando A. , Lourenco Mychael V. , Tovar-Moll Fernanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAge increases the risk for cognitive impairment and is the single major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. The pathophysiological processes triggered by aging that render the brain vulnerable to dementia involve, at least in part, changes in inflammatory mediators. Here we show that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipid mediator of inflammation resolution known to stimulate endocannabinoid signaling in the brain, is reduced in the aging central nervous system. We demonstrate that genetic suppression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the enzyme mediating LXA4 synthesis, promotes learning impairment in mice. Conversely, administration of exogenous LXA4 attenuated cytokine production and memory loss induced by inflammation in mice. We further show that cerebrospinal fluid LXA4 is reduced in patients with dementia and positively associated with cognitive performance, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and AD-linked amyloid-β. Our findings suggest that reduced LXA4 levels may lead to vulnerability to age-related cognitive disorders and that promoting LXA4 signaling may comprise an effective strategy to prevent early cognitive decline in AD.
The schemes, mechanisms and molecular pathway changes of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Tanzhu Guilong , Chen Liu , Xiao Gang , Shi Wen , Peng Haiqin , Chen Dikang , Zhou Rongrong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a physical therapy that uses moderate frequency (100–300 kHz) and low-intensity (1–3 V/cm) alternating electric fields to inhibit tumors. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration approves TTFields for treating recurrent or newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The classical mechanism of TTFields is mitotic inhibition by hindering the formation of tubulin and spindle. In addition, TTFields inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, migration and induces cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, it regulates immune function and changes the permeability of the nuclear membrane, cell membrane, and blood-brain barrier. Based on the current researches on TTFields in various tumors, this review comprehensively summarizes the in-vitro effects, changes in pathways and molecules corresponding to relevant parameters of TTFields (frequency, intensity, and duration). In addition, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are common tumor treatments. Thus, we also pay attention to the sequence and dose when TTFields combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. TTFields has inhibitory effects in a variety of tumors. The study of TTFields mechanism is conducive to subsequent research. How to combine common tumor therapy such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy to obtain the maximum benefit is also a problem that’s worthy of our attention.
Neonatal ketone body elevation regulates postnatal heart development by promoting cardiomyocyte mitochondrial maturation and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Chong Danyang , Gu Yayun , Zhang Tongyu , Xu Yu , Bu Dandan , Chen Zhong , Xu Na , Li Liangkui , Zhu Xiyu , Wang Haiquan , Li Yangqing , Zheng Feng , Wang Dongjin , Li Peng , Xu Li , Hu Zhibin , Li Chaojun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeonatal heart undergoes metabolic conversion and cell cycle arrest preparing for the increased workload during adulthood. Herein, we report that neonatal ketone body elevation is a critical regulatory factor for postnatal heart development. Through multiomics screening, we found that the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), the rate-limiting enzyme of ketogenesis, was transiently induced by colostrum in the neonatal heart. Hmgcs2 knockout caused mitochondrial maturation defects. Meanwhile, postnatal heart development was compromised and cardiomyocytes reacquired proliferation capacity in Hmgcs2 knockout mice. Consequently, over 40% of newborn Hmgcs2 knockout mice died before weaning. The heart function of surviving Hmgcs2 knockout mice was also impaired, which could be rescued by ketone body supplementation during the suckling stage. Mechanistically, ketone body deficiency inhibited β-hydroxybutyrylation but enhanced acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, which might be responsible for the inhibition of the enzyme activity in mitochondria. These observations suggest that ketone body is critical for postnatal heart development through regulating mitochondrial maturation and metabolic reprogramming.