bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Reading Fiction to Well-Being: Positive, Negative, and Ambiguous Consequences of Engaging with Fiction
Authors: Kidd David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
From the child considering whether the pigeon should drive the bus to the literature professor pondering the thematic threads in Toni Morrison’s novels, people are transfixed by stories. Yet, they know relatively little about how engaging with stories might shape who they become. This chapter explores recent research investigating the effects of reading fiction on cognitive and intellectual development, personal development, and social development. In each domain, attention is given to how qualities of texts and readers may interact to yield seemingly contradictory effects. The chapter concludes with examples of practical applications of reading programs and suggestions for addressing key limitations and gaps in the research literature.
Cultivating Psychological Well-Being through Arts-Based Interventions
Authors: Darewych Olena Helen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Historically, humans across many different cultures have used the arts as healing practices and forms of self-expression. In recent decades, the arts have become suitable creative interventions in clinical practices for improving the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being of individuals. This chapter provides an overview of the creative arts therapies and presents arts-based interventions that have the potential to cultivate psychological well-being in individuals of all ages. Specifically, the following arts-based interventions, grounded in Ryff’s (1989) multidimensional psychological well-being model, are described in detail: Living in the Present, Eco Sculpt, Bridge Drawing with Path (BDP), Island of Connectivity, Sources of Meaning, and Nesting Doll. Case examples illustrate how these arts-based interventions have been integrated within clinical, educational, research, and supervisory contexts. The chapter concludes with some reflections in relation to incorporating these arts-based interventions in research with well-being self-report questionnaires.
Hearing Loss and Young Children’s Development of Emotional Competence
Authors: Ketelaar Lizet , Lambie John , Li Boya , Eichengreen Adva , Zaidman-Zait Anat , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hearing loss can have a significant impact on children’s development. It can diminish children’s ability to perceive and produce spoken language, which has been studied extensively. However, hearing loss can also negatively affect children’s socioemotional development because it limits access to the social environment. Interestingly, there is little research on this. In this chapter, the authors begin by discussing the development of four aspects of emotional competence (emotion awareness, empathy, Theory of Mind, and the ability to express moral emotions) and their link to young children’s hearing loss. Parents are a huge part of young children’s social environment and therefore play an important role in the development of emotional competence in their children. The second part of the chapter discusses challenges that parents of children with hearing loss may encounter, for example with regard to parent–child interaction and parenting stress. The chapter ends with a discussion of clinical implications.
Evolved to Learn
Authors: Holbrook Colin , Hahn-Holbrook Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Emotion adaptations have evolved in response to eons of selection pressures characteristic of social and physical life over the history of our lineage. Cues relevant to these distinct selection pressures should reliably elicit relevant emotions and motivate efficacious behavioral responses. Selection favors the strategic calibration of emotional processes to key contextual factors, such as fitness-relevant individual, situational, and/or cultural differences. This chapter provides an overview of empirical and theoretical work on processes by which emotion adaptations may attune to particularities of self, situation, and culture, integrating neuroscientific, anthropological, and psychological approaches. Finally, developmental processes are discussed as themselves potential adaptations, including a broad outline of how developmental affective scientists might test such hypotheses.
Comparative Perspectives of Empathy Development
Authors: Clay Zanna , Webb Christine E. , Romero Teresa , de Waal Frans B. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Empathy—the sharing and understanding of others’ emotions and thoughts—is considered a defining feature of what it means to be human. Although empathy underpins many of our social interactions and is thought to be evolutionarily ancient, its origins remain relatively obscure. Here, this chapter presents research investigating socioemotional development in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (P. paniscus), to identify the origins of empathy, across ontogenetic and evolutionary timescales. Research on consolation, a form of comforting behavior, indicate that sensitivity to others’ emotional states is present early in great ape life, and that individuals consistently differ from one another in this trait. Mirroring effects shown for human infants, orphan juvenile apes show more disordered socioemotional functioning and reduced empathy as compared to mother-reared peers. These findings suggest a deep evolutionary and ontogenetic basis of empathy and some striking similarities in socioemotional development between humans and great apes.
Emotional Frontiers
Authors: Olsen Stephanie , Vallgårda Karen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the historical contingency and cross-cultural plurality in codes of “emotional development,” a value-laden and culturally embedded concept. What counts as healthy or virtuous emotional experience, comportment, or growth among children and youth (and in other stages in the life cycle) varies significantly over time and place. The plurality of emotional codes also means that an individual might experience either unfamiliarity with the codes of emotional behavior in a given context, or sometimes become aware of conflicting sets of emotion rules. While “formation” designates the culturally specific codes of affective comportment and expression, and the process through which the individual child incorporates and embodies these codes, this chapter introduces the concept of “emotional frontiers” to describe the affective experience of encountering a boundary between different affective formations or divergences within the same formation. A frontier may be encountered in various ways—from a little misunderstanding to a violent confrontation.
Development of Achievement Emotions
Authors: Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Children and adolescents frequently experience emotions such as enjoyment, hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, or boredom in school. Similarly, achievement situations at work or in sports during adulthood can evoke intense emotions. Using Pekrun’s (2006, 2021) control-value theory of achievement emotions as a theoretical framework, this chapter reviews developmental research on these emotions. The findings show that achievement emotions develop early and continue to unfold during childhood and adolescence. This development is shaped by success and failure on achievement tasks, related cognitive appraisals, and social environments in school, at work, and in the family. Achievement emotions, in turn, influence individuals’ attention, motivation, use of strategies, self-regulation when performing tasks, and long-term achievement outcomes. The chapter also discusses how achievement emotions, their outcomes, and their antecedents are linked by reciprocal causation over time, how they can be regulated, and to what extent they are universal. In closing, directions for future research are outlined.
Symbolic Solidarity or Virtue Signaling? A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Public Statements Released by Academic Medical Organizations in the Wake of the Killing of George Floyd
Authors: Brown Allison , Auguste Emmanuelle , Omobhude Favour , Bakana Naomie , Sukhera Javeed 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Many academic medical organizations issued statements in response to demand for collective action against racial injustices and police brutality following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. These statements may offer insight into how medical schools and national organizations were reflecting on and responding to these incidents. The authors sought to empirically examine the initial statements published by academic medical organizations in response to societal concerns about systemic, anti-Black racism.

Method
The authors searched for initial public statements released by a sample of academic medical organizations in Canada and the United States between May 25 and August 31, 2020. They assembled an archive with a purposive sample of 45 statements, including those issued by 35 medical schools and 10 national organizations. They analyzed the statements using Fairclough’s 3-dimensional framework for critical discourse analysis (descriptive, interpretive, explanatory), which is a qualitative approach to systematically analyzing language and how it reflects and shapes social practice.

Results
Many statements used formal and analytical language and reflected hierarchical thinking and power differentials between statement producers and consumers. The authors identified several tensions in the statements between explicit messaging and implied ideologies (e.g., self-education vs action to address racism), and they found a lack of critical reflection and commitment to institutional accountability to address anti-Black racism in academic medicine. The authors also found that many statements minimized discussions of racism and de-emphasized anti-Black racism as well as portrayed anti-Black racism as outside the institution and institutional accountability.

Conclusions
This research offers insight into how 45 academic medical organizations initially responded following the murder of George Floyd. Many of these statements included self-exculpatory and nonracist discursive strategies. While these statements may have been well intentioned, organizations must move beyond words to transformative action to abolish institutional racism in academic medicine.
Impact of an Innovative Endowed Chair Program on Medical Educator Recipients
Authors: Chin-Hong Peter , Loeser Helen , Peterson Alissa , Ramachandran Rageshree , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Rarely do faculty members receive endowed chairs as recognition for their work as educators. In addition to the title, endowed chairholders have traditionally received discretionary income to pursue value-added work. This study assessed the impact on recipients of receiving an endowed chair for education.

Method
The authors conducted a qualitative thematic analysis between 2018 and 2020, interviewing University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine chairholders who had completed at least one 5-year term. Authors double-coded all transcripts, reconciled codes, applied social cognitive career theory during analysis, and identified themes through an iterative consensus-building approach.

Results
Twenty-three of 24 (96%) eligible faculty members from 16 departments participated. Themes identified were symbolism, resources, education and educator credibility, development, and impact. The chair was a symbol that brought recognition, indicated quality, and amplified visibility and status within the institution and externally. Receiving an endowed chair conferred credibility on recipients and empowered them in the educational domain. The resources allowed chairholders the flexibility to undertake activities that were of value to them, to mentees, and to the organization. Holding the chair facilitated professional development for self and others. Chair recipients reported impact that persisted long after their term(s) concluded. A model of impact emerged, suggesting that simply possessing the chair title led to visibility and gravitas, which, combined with resources, allowed the holder to leverage opportunities in education.

Conclusions
The endowed chair is an important strategy for career development in education for the chairholder and enhances the position of education institutionally. Having a plan sharpens the focus on activities, results, and impact.
Educational Outcomes of a 4-Year MD–MPH Dual-Degree Program: High Completion Rates and Higher Likelihood of Primary Care Residency
Authors: Taylor Barbara S. , Mazurek Paulina H. , Gutierrez Stephanie , Tyson Joshua , Futrell Selina , Jackson Jeff , Hanson Joshua , Valerio Melissa A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
In 2007, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston School of Public Health at San Antonio (UTHealth SPH) and UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine (LSOM) designed and implemented a 4-year dual MD and Master of Public Health (MPH) program. Dual MD–MPH programs wherein students can receive both degrees within 4 years are unique, and programmatic evaluation may have generalizable implications for accredited MD–MPH programs.

Method
Demographic information was collected from UTHealth SPH and LSOM student data. The primary outcome variable was MD–MPH program completion in 4 years. Comprehensive Basic Science Examination (CBSE) scores, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 scores, and successful primary care residency match data were compared between MD–MPH and MD-only students. Family medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics–gynecology, and pediatrics were considered primary care residencies, and an analysis excluding obstetrics–gynecology was also conducted.

Results
Of 241 MD–MPH students enrolled 2007–2017, 66% were women, 22% Hispanic, and 10% African American. Four-year MD–MPH program completion occurred for 202 (93% of eligible) students; 9 (4.1%) received MD only, 3 (1.4%) received MPH only; and 4 (1.8%) received neither. MD–MPH students’ median CBSE score was 2 points lower than for MD-only students (P = .035), but Step 1 and 2 scores did not differ. Primary care residency match was more likely compared with MD-only students, both including and excluding obstetrics–gynecology (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 2.33; and OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.82, respectively).

Conclusions
The 4-year MD–MPH program retains and graduates a socioeconomically and racial/ethnically diverse group of students with a 93% success rate. MD–MPH graduates were more likely to pursue primary care residency than non-dual-degree students, which may have implications for addressing population health disparities.
The role of lipotoxicity in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Chuanbao , Liu Huiruo , Xu Feng , Chen Yuguo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fatty acids are the primary fuel for cardiac muscle. The physiological equilibrium of lipid uptake and oxidation may aid in the prevention of excessive lipid accumulation. Several pathological states, such as myocardial ischemia, obesity, and insulin resistance, are routinely associated with disorders of lipid metabolism. There is growing evidence that certain types of lipids trigger cardiac lipotoxicity and ultimately heart failure. This review focuses on recent advances in the pathogenesis of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and the treatment prospects for the repair of cardiac damage caused by lipotoxicity.
Endothelial cell loss associated with minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Authors: Seah Ivan , Sng Chelvin C.A. , Ang Marcus 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) represents a safer, albeit moderately effective surgical option for intraocular pressure control. However, the CyPass Micro-Stent (Alcon Laboratories) was withdrawn from the market in 2018 as the COMPASS-XT study demonstrated greater cornea endothelial cell (CEC) loss in patients who received the CyPass Micro-Stent with phacoemulsification compared with phacoemulsification alone. This led to the increased attention on MIGS-associated CEC loss and thus, this review will summarise the recent, available evidence on MIGS-associated CEC loss.

Recent findings
Prospective clinical trials and retrospective observational studies published between 2011 and 2021 reported a wide range of 12 month CEC loss from ‘insignificant’, and up to 14.6%, for phacoemulsification combined with various MIGS procedures. Recent clinical trials over the same time period reported CEC loss of 12.8–15.2% associated with phacoemulsification alone.

Summary
Apart from the CyPass Micro-Stent clinical trial, no other studies on combined phacoemulsification with MIGS that is ‘phaco-plus’ procedures have reported a higher short-term CEC loss compared with phacoemulsification alone. However, studies that specifically examine postprocedural CEC loss following phacoemulsification compared to ’phaco-plus’ procedures over a longer follow-up period are required.
Nandrolone-Induced Tumor Progression in Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Goyal Shikha , Madan Renu , Kumar Narendra , Kumar Rajender 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer responds favorably to testosterone suppression induced by GnRH analogs or antagonists. This effect may theoretically be countered by anabolic steroids. We describe a patient of a recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who was on salvage androgen deprivation therapy with degarelix and developed rapid progression after over-the-counter nandrolone injections.
OMENS+ Classification Correlations Analysis of Craniofacial Microsomia in China: The Relationship Between Macrostomia and Mandibular Hypoplasia
Authors: Kim Byeong Seop , Chen Xiaojun , Chen Chingyu , Chong Chio Hou , Yan Ying Jie , Han Wenqing , Sun Mengzhe , Yang Xianxian , Xu Hai Song , Zhang Yan , Chai Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Macrostomia is arare congenital craniofacial deformity that influences the appearance and function of patients. In most cases, it coexists with craniomaxillofacial deformities such as craniofacial microsomia (CFM). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between macrostomia and mandibular hypoplasia so as to facilitate the early detection and diagnosis of children with CFM. It included 236 patients diagnosed with CFM. All underwent facial expression analysis, multi-angle photography, computed tomography, and three-dimensional reconstruction of soft and hard tissues. The clinical classification was performed according to OMENS+. Spearman (rank) correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the severity of macrostomia (C1 and C2) and the degree of mandibular involvement (M1, M2a, M2b, and M3), and the correlation among the components of OMENS+. Of the 80 cases of macrostomia (34%) reported, 72 cases (90%) were C1 and 8 (10%) were C2. The analysis of OMENS+ revealed significant correlations among OMENS+ components. Also, a high correlation was observed between macrostomia (C) and hypoplasia of the mandible (M) (P = 0.002). Macrostomia was closely related to mandibular hypoplasia among children diagnosed with CFM. These results suggested that patients with macrostomia, who might also have craniofacial malformations caused by other first branchial arch anomalies, should be comprehensively physically examined for other syndromes.
ASGR1 is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of liver cells
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Zhu Yuqi , Zhao Xiaying , Liu Jun , Xun Jiangna , Yuan Songhua , Chen Jun , Pan Hanyu , Yang Jinlong , Wang Jing , Liang Zhimin , Shen Xiaoting , Liang Yue , Lin Qinru , Liang Huitong , Li Min , Lu Hongzhou , Zhu Huanzhang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroud & AimsCurrently, the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Although it has been shown that ACE2 serves as the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, studies have shown that ACE2 is expressed at extremely low levels in various tissues, especially in some organs where virus particles have been found, such as the heart and liver. Therefore, these organs potentially express additional SARS-CoV-2 receptors that have not yet been discovered.Methods & ResultsHere, by a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 activation library screening, we found that ASGR1 promoted SARS-CoV-2 infection of 293T cells. In Huh-7 and HepG2 cell lines, simultaneous knock out ofACE2andASGR1prevented SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. In the immortalized THLE-2 hepatocyte cell line and primary liver parenchymal cells, both of which hardly express ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 could successfully establish an infection. After treatment with ASGR1 antibody, the infection rate significantly reduced. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infects liver cells mainly through an ASGR1-dependent mechanism. Finally, we also found that the soluble ASGR1 could not only prevent the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which binds to the ASGR1 receptors, from infecting host liver cells, but also had a protective effect on those expressing ACE2, indicating that administration of soluble ASGR1 protein may represent a new treatment approach.ConclusionsColletively, these findings indicate that ASGR1 is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of liver cells.Lay SummaryWe show that ASGR1 is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to infect liver cells.
Artificial Intelligence in laryngeal endoscopy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Żurek Michał , Rzepakowska Anna , Jasak Kamil , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly and proper diagnosis of laryngeal lesions is necessary to begin treatment of the patient as soon as possible with the possibility of preserve organ functions. Imaging examinations are oft aided by artificial intelligence (AI) to improve quality and facilitate appropriate diagnosis. The aim of the study is to investigate of the diagnostic utility of AI in laryngeal endoscopy.MethodsFive electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for studies published before October 15, 2021 implementing artificial intelligence (AI) enhanced models assessing images of laryngeal lesions taken during laryngeal endoscopy. Outcomes were analyzed in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsAll 13 included studies presented overall low risk of bias. The overall accuracy of AI models was very high (from 0.806 to 0.997) and the number of images used to build and evaluate the models ranged from 120 to 24,667. The accuracy was significantly higher in studies using larger database. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for identification of healthy laryngeal tissue (8 studies) was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83-0.98) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99), respectively. The same values for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions (7 studies) were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90-0.99), respectively. The analysis was extended to a comparison of sensitivity and specificity of AI models assessing Narrow Band Imaging (3 studies) and white light endoscopy images (4 studies). The results were similar for both methods, no subgroup effect was revealed (p = 0.406 for sensitivity and p = 0.817 for specificity).ConclusionsIn assessing images of laryngeal lesions, AI demonstrates extraordinarily high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. AI enhanced diagnostic tools should be introduced into everyday clinical work. The performance of AI diagnoses increases efficacy with the size of the image database when using similar standards for evaluating images. The multicentre cooperation should concentrate on creation of huge database of laryngeal lesions images and implement their sharing, which allows building AI modes with the best performance, based on vast amount of images for learning and testing.