bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excretion of mephedrone and its phase I metabolites in urine after a controlled intranasal administration to healthy human volunteers
Authors: Czerwinska Joanna , Parkin Mark C. , George Claire , Kicman Andrew T. , Dargan Paul I. , Abbate Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMephedrone is a stimulant drug structurally related to cathinone. At present, there are no data available on the excretion profile of mephedrone and its metabolites in urine after controlled intranasal administration to human volunteers. In this study, six healthy male volunteers nasally insufflated 100 mg of pure mephedrone hydrochloride (Day 1). Urine was collected at different timepoints on Day 1 and then on Days 2, 3 and 30. Samples were analysed for the presence of mephedrone and its metabolites, namely, dihydro‐mephedrone, nor‐mephedrone (NOR), hydroxytolyl‐mephedrone, 4‐carboxy‐mephedrone (4‐carboxy) and dihydro‐nor‐mephedrone (DHNM), by a validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. All analytes were detected in urine, where 4‐carboxy (Cmax = 29.8 μg/ml) was the most abundant metabolite followed by NOR (Cmax = 377 ng/ml). DHNM was found at the lowest concentrations (Cmax = 93.1 ng/ml). Analytes exhibited a wide range of detection windows, but only 4‐carboxy and DHNM were detectable in all samples on Day 3, extending the detection time of mephedrone use. Moreover, mephedrone had a mean renal clearance of 108 ± 140 ml/min, and 1.3 ± 1.7% of unchanged parent drug was recovered in urine in the first 6 h post administration. It is hoped that this novel information will be useful in future studies involving mephedrone and other stimulant drugs.
Daily abundance of Dall’s sheep peaks during late summer in a seasonal habitat of high‐management interest
Authors: Deane Cody E. , Flynn Barrett A. , Bruning Darren L. , Breed Greg A. , Jochum Kim A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInforming conservation and management decisions for habitats frequented by species of high management interest often face the challenge of limited resources for conducting wildlife surveys. When surveys are focused on local areas or sparsely distributed species, it may also be difficult to obtain counts sufficient for implementing abundance models that account for imperfect detection. With replicated aerial surveys collected within a 70.25‐km2portion of the Eastern Alaska Range, Alaska, USA, during the summers of 2013–2015, we estimated daily abundance of Dall’s sheep using two different estimation methods: BayesianN‐mixture models and Poisson regression models. We then compared estimates of relative abundance from both model types while paying special attention to the assumption of closure within individual survey units. With abundance estimates obtained from individual survey days, we then estimated the average number of Dall’s sheep within the survey area for the period 1 July–1 October. Daily ewe abundance followed a quadratic pattern, with 10–20 ewes being within our survey area in early July and late September, and approximately 90 ewes within the survey area in mid‐August. Lamb‐to‐ewe ratios averaged 0.2 from July–September, while ram‐to‐ewe ratios averaged 0.4 from July until mid‐August before increasing to about 1.0 by the end of September. These results indicate that our survey area is an important habitat to local Dall’s sheep populations when lambs are vulnerable to predators. Accordingly, human recreation and military training within the survey area should be minimized 1.5–3.0 months after parturition to minimize disturbance. We also found thatN‐mixture models displayed a pattern of abundance estimates that increased in magnitude as model complexity increased. We thus recommend an a priori approach toN‐mixture model construction that balances the risk of overfitting models to modest data against the risk of fitting models that do not explain heterogeneity in abundance and detection probability. Lastly, we suggest simple improvements to replicated, aerial surveys for species like Dall’s sheep focused on reducing violations of the closure assumption within individual survey units, which can reduce bias of density estimates obtained withN‐mixture models.
Deciphering the defectmicro‐environmentof graphene for highly efficient Li–S redox reactions
Authors: Song Yingze , Gao Hua , Wang Menglei , Chen Le , Cao Xuan , Song Lixian , Liu Xiaohong , Cai Wenlong , Sun Jingyu , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe lithium polysulfides (LiPS) dissolution into electrolyte as well as consequent shuttle behavior seriously exacerbate the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, the intrinsic defect of graphene has been tailored by using plasma irradiation. The topological defective carbon structure is demystified into monovacancy and divacancy which effectively promote Li–S redox kinetics by selectively decelerating the generation of soluble high‐order LiPSs and passingly promoting the conversion to final solid products. Theoretical prediction uncovers the selective manipulation of Li–S redox kinetics by defective graphene, facilitating the reduced overpotential effect and uniform deposition of Li2S. Moreover, the divacancy presents a higher activity for Li–S chemistry in contrast with monovacancy. Therefore, the battery achieves superior cyclability with a capacity retention of 88.6% at 1.0 C over 300 cycles. Furthermore, it yields an areal capacity up to 8.5 mAh cm−2with a sulfur loading of 13.3 mg cm−2.image
Quaternary Heusler alloy CoZrMnAs competent candidate for spintronics and thermoelectric technologies
Authors: Seh Ab Quyoom , Gupta Dinesh C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examined the quaternary Heusler alloy CoZrMnAs using Wein2k simulation code based on density functional theory. The structural results prove that the CoZrMnAs alloy is stable in the Y1‐type structure with a relaxed lattice constant of 0.62390 nm, which is ferromagnetic in nature. The electronic properties indicate that CoZrMnAs exhibits a half‐metallic nature with energy of 0.56 eV and the states at the Fermi level are 100% spin polarized. The magnetic moment of CoZrMnAs was found to be 1.0 μB per formula unit (fu) and is in accordance to Slater‐Pauling rule Mt = Zt − 24. The existence of gap is elaborated with viable d‐d hybridization among the transition metals Co, Zr, and Mn. Thermodynamic parameters like specific heat capacity, Debye temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient had been analyzed with the aid of Gibbs2 code. Furthermore, the thermoelectric parameters have been elucidated by the BoltzTraP2 code. The utmost values of total Seebeck and power factor are 64.11 μV/K and 36.75 (μW K−2 cm−1) at 900 K. These parameters assure the applications of alloy in waste heat recovery.
Parametric study of heat/mass transfer performance of seawater–air two‐phase counterflow in packing in seawater cooling towers
Authors: Yu Yang , Qi Xiao‐Ni , Hou Xiao‐Chen , Qu Xiao‐Hang , Guo Qian‐Jian , Zhu He‐Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA large amount of waste heat generated in industrial production needs to be discharged by circulating cooling water systems. To save freshwater resources, freshwater cooling towers have been widely replaced by seawater cooling towers in coastal areas, but research on the thermal performance of seawater cooling towers is still relatively less. In this study, a detailed calculation model based on the heat/mass transfer process of seawater–air two‐phase counterflow was established, and the reliability of the proposed model was verified. The computer program developed under the VC++ framework was used for the numerical solution of the model. The effects of five inlet parameters on the cooling efficiency and heat dissipation were studied. The simulation results showed that with the increase of salinity, the cooling performance was reduced. When the salinity increased by 10 g/kg, the outlet water temperature rose by about 0.13°C. The wet‐bulb temperature increased by 1°C and the cooling efficiency increased by about 0.77%, while total heat dissipation was reduced by about 36.37 kW. When the air–water ratio increased, the cooling performance was improved, but the maximum cooling efficiency was affected by heat load. The change of dry‐bulb temperature had little effect on the cooling performance. With the increase of water temperature, the cooling efficiency and heat dissipation increased. The calculation model and simulation results can provide practical guidance for the operation of seawater cooling towers.
Experimental investigation of dryout phenomena under oscillatory flow conditions
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Chandraker Dinesh K. , Dasgupta Arnab , Nayak Arun K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn water‐cooled nuclear reactors, the maximum power which can be extracted from the core is limited by critical heat flux (CHF). CHF in the high‐quality region is known as dryout. In advanced nuclear reactors, the coolant flow occurs solely by virtue of natural circulation; however, instabilities may occur during off‐normal operations. This may lead to premature dryout due to lower coolant flow rates seen by the heater during such oscillations. This paper describes the experimental investigation on the effect of flow oscillations on the CHF with the time period of 120 s, which is observed typically in the large‐scale natural circulation system. Based on observations made with respect to temperature transient, the continuous dryout is preceded by the transient dryout for higher flow oscillations. But as flow fluctuation decreases, the transient dryout phenomenon is found to disappear. The applicability of the look‐up table to predict CHF under oscillatory flow conditions using suitable correction factors (CFs) for premature dryout has been evaluated. CFs for the CHF under oscillations suggested by previous authors have been compared. The maximum possible degradation in CHF value suggested by previous authors has been found to agree with the present experimental data. Percentage fluctuation in heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at fully developed annular flow conditions has been evaluated, and it is found that fluctuation in HTC is in phase with the fluctuation in flow.
Dynamic simulation and conflict identification analysis of production–living–ecological space in Wuhan, Central China
Authors: Wang Quan , Wang Haijun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Under the current rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, competition for production, living, and ecological spaces is becoming fierce. Improving production–living–ecological spaces (PLESs) has become a core issue in China's land-space development strategy. In this study, the multiple linear logistic regression (MLLR)–multicriteria evaluation (MCE)–cellular automata (CA)–Markov hybrid model was used to predict the land-use pattern for 2030, and the spatial conflict model was established based on landscape indices to measure the evolution characteristics of spatial conflicts. The results demonstrated that, from 2005 to 2030, the production–ecological space (PES) will have front-runner status in Wuhan, followed by the ecological–production space (EPS). In 2005–2015, the living–production space (LPS) and PES occupied large amounts of EPS and ecological space (ES), especially in the main urban areas and near rivers, and the spatial transformation was the most significant. By 2030, there will be less transformation of each space type, but the conversion amount of LPS will still be relatively large. With the passage of time, the LPS will increase, the EPS will decrease slightly, and the ES will fluctuate. During the period 2005–2030, the conflict level will change gradually from seriously out of control to controllable, and the hot spot of PLES will show a scattering distribution. The cold spot area will be distributed mainly in the southern part of Wuhan, which will be expanded greatly by 2030. Our research indicates that analyzing the reasonable utilization of PLES is of great value by identifying spatial conflicts; differentiated sustainable development strategies should be formulated according to the future spatial and temporal patterns of PLES, which can help in scientific judgments on the spatial matching of land use and provide early warnings of spatial conflicts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1578–1596. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The exchange of production–living–ecological spaces can present the contradictory signals of regional spatial conflict. The results of conflict identification of PLES in time and space can provide a reference for future regional specific optimizing land allocation. The measurement model constructed based on the landscape pattern indices can reveal the identification of regional spatial conflicts. Over time, the PLES spatial conflict in Wuhan will be gradually improved.
Parental absence, early reading, and human capital formation for rural children in China
Authors: Chen Lijun , Wulczyn Fred , Huhr Scott 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we adopt the human capital formation framework to understand the association of the various risk and protective factors in the family settings of rural children with their cognitive performance as measured by vocabulary and math test scores. We examine the role of caregiver reading or storytelling to children at younger age and the deprivation of parental care due to labor migration at different stages of childhood on child performance in vocabulary and math tests when they are over 10 years old. Our findings confirm the crucial role of parental presence in child's cognitive development both during early childhood and later ages. Extended periods of parental absence during early and later years of childhood are most pernicious for child cognitive performance. Our analysis also reveals significantly positive effect of caregiver reading and storytelling on children's vocabulary test performance. This study provides strong evidence for the benefits of programs that promote good parenting practice and caregiver involvement in child cognitive development.
MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Dowling Lisa , Duseja Ankita , Vilaca Tatiane , Walsh Jennifer S. , Goljanek‐Whysall Katarzyna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported separately in people with obesity and sarcopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. However, this has not been explored to date. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs reported in serum, plasma, and skeletal muscle of people with obesity and sarcopenia and whether there are any commonalities between these conditions. We performed a systematic review on Embase and MEDLINE (PROSPERO, CRD42020224486) for differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5 or P‐value <0.05) in (i) sarcopenia or frailty and (ii) obesity or metabolic syndrome. The functions and targets of miRNAs commonly changed in both conditions, in the same direction, were searched using PubMed. Following deduplication, 247 obesity and 42 sarcopenia studies were identified for full‐text screening. Screening identified 36 obesity and 6 sarcopenia studies for final inclusion. A total of 351 miRNAs were identified in obesity and 157 in sarcopenia. Fifty‐five miRNAs were identified in both obesity and sarcopenia—by sample type, 48 were found in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle. Twenty‐four miRNAs were identified from 10 of the included studies as commonly changed in the same direction (22 in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle) in obesity and sarcopenia. The majority of miRNA‐validated targets identified in the literature search were members of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor‐β signalling pathways. The most common targets identified were insulin‐like growth factor 1 (miR‐424‐5p, miR‐483‐3p, and miR‐18b‐5p) and members of the SMAD family (miR‐483‐3p, miR‐92a‐3p, and miR‐424‐5p). The majority of commonly changed miRNAs were involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, determination of muscle fibre type, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. Twenty‐four miRNAs were identified as commonly dysregulated in obesity and sarcopenia with functions and targets implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. Given the adverse health outcomes associated with sarcopenic obesity, understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to lead to effective screening, monitoring, or treatment strategies. Further research is now required to confirm whether these miRNAs are differentially expressed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography‐based thrombolysis treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Juan , Xiong Jiandong , Chen Kaixiang , Sun Jun , Fu Qirui , Yin Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based comparing with computed tomography (CT)‐based selection for intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsTotally 462 consecutive AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis within a 4.5 h window from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2019 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the good functional outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include the excellent functional outcome defined by a mRS of 0–1 at 3 months, occurrences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), 7‐day mortality, and 3‐month mortality.ResultsOverall 172 patients received MRI and 290 received CT before they were treated with thrombolysis. The difference in the good or excellent functional outcome was not statistically significant between MRI and CT groups (both P > 0.05). The incidences of 7‐day mortality (3.5% vs. 8.6%, P < 0.01), 30‐day mortality (12.8% vs. 21.0%, P = 0.03), and SICH (12.2% vs. 20.3%, P < 0.01) were obviously lower for MRI‐based regimen compared with CT‐based regimen. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that MRI‐based regimen was significantly associated with a lower risk of 7‐day mortality (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53–0.91; P < 0.01), 30‐day mortality (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.73; P < 0.01), and SICH (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20–0.65; P < 0.01) after controlling for potential confounding factors.ConclusionDespite MRI‐based thrombolysis was not demonstrated to be associated with the good functional outcome, it significantly reduced risks of mortality and SICH in patients with AIS compared with CT‐based thrombolysis.
Robust locomotor performance of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) in response to simulated changes in support diameter and compliance
Authors: Schapker Nicole M. , Chadwell Brad A. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArboreal environments require overcoming navigational challenges not typically encountered in other terrestrial habitats. Supports are unevenly distributed and vary in diameter, orientation, and compliance. To better understand the strategies that arboreal animals use to maintain stability in this environment, laboratory researchers must endeavor to mimic those conditions. Here, we evaluate how squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) adjust their locomotor mechanics in response to variation in support diameter and compliance. We used high‐speed cameras to film two juvenile female monkeys as they walked across poles of varying diameters (5, 2.5, and 1.25 cm). Poles were mounted on either a stiff wooden base (“stable” condition) or foam blocks (“compliant” condition). Six force transducers embedded within the pole trackway recorded substrate reaction forces during locomotion. We predicted that squirrel monkeys would walk more slowly on narrow and compliant supports and adopt more “compliant” gait mechanics, increasing stride lengths, duty factors, and an average number of limbs gripping the support, while the decreasing center of mass height, stride frequencies, and peak forces. We observed few significant adjustments to squirrel monkey locomotor kinematics in response to changes in either support diameter or compliance, and the changes we did observe were often tempered by interactions with locomotor speed. These results differ from a similar study of common marmosets (i.e.,Callithrix jacchus, with relatively poor grasping abilities), where variation in diameter and compliance substantially impacted gait kinematics. Squirrel monkeys' strong grasping apparatus, long and mobile tails, and other adaptations for arboreal travel likely facilitate robust locomotor performance despite substrate precarity.
A novel Green Leaf‐hopper Flame optimization algorithm for competent frequency regulation in hybrid microgrids
Authors: Sahoo Subash Chandra , Barik Amar Kumar , Das Dulal Chandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA proficient frequency regulation scheme has been explored in this work for two interconnected hybrid microgrids () comprised of multiple renewable energy sources, like solar‐thermal units, wind turbine generator units, solar photovoltaic, biogas turbine, biodiesel generator, and storage units. A new optimization algorithm has been formulated to replicate the photo‐tactic swarming behavior of green leafhoppers named Green Leaf‐hopper Flame optimization algorithm (GLFOA) to tune the system controllers (proportional integral (PI)/proportional derivative (PD)/proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers). The superiority of GLFOA is confirmed by comparing the performance with several popular optimization algorithms. To assess the stability of the several rigorous tests have been conducted considering availability/nonavailability of renewable resources, gusty wind, real‐time variation of solar radiation and wind velocities along with the random load disturbances. GLFOA tuned PID controllers were found to be the best to contain the frequency deviations. The maximum peak overshoot, undershoot, and settling time obtained by GLFOA tuned PID controllers are 0.01051 Hz, −0.00764 Hz, and 14.15 s, respectively, which are within an acceptable limit. Further, there is an improvement of 0.15% in the performance index obtained by GLFOA over its counterpart obtained by grey wolf optimization, confirming the superiority of the GLFOA tuned controller.
Group‐level information decay and inventory inspection: An empirical‐analytical approach
Authors: Chuang Howard Hao‐Chun , Oliva Rogelio , Kumar Subodha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite numerous optimization techniques proposed to address inventory record inaccuracy (IRI), there continues to be a lack of empirical appreciation of IRI, nor do existing item‐level inspection policies accommodate managerial needs for allocating inspection effort to groups of items. We address these issues by collaborating with a retailer to collect archival data and develop statistical estimation and practical optimization techniques that address IRI. We propose a continuous‐time model to explain group‐level information decay and, based on the model's structure, develop an inspection policy that satisfies managerial needs for allocating inspection effort to a group of items. After analyzing model behavior and quantifying unobservable cost factors using information readily available, we test the efficacy of the proposed policy within the retailing environment and find it to outperform both the retailer's inspection routines and a well‐established industry benchmark. Finally, we illustrate how to optimize grouping and inspection decisions jointly and show potential benefits from optimized group formation. Our empirically grounded modeling effort yields transferable methods and generalizable insights for improving inventory integrity.