bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐cell repopulation dynamics and drug pharmacokinetics impact SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine efficacy in anti‐CD20‐treated multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Asplund Högelin Klara , Ruffin Nicolas , Pin Elisa , Hober Sophia , Nilsson Peter , Starvaggi Cucuzza Chiara , Khademi Mohsen , Olsson Tomas , Piehl Fredrik , Al Nimer Faiez 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRecent findings document a blunted humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients on anti‐CD20 treatment. Although most patients develop a cellular response, it is still important to identify predictors of seroconversion to optimize vaccine responses.MethodsWe determined antibody responses after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in a real‐world cohort of multiple sclerosis patients (n = 94) treated with anti‐CD20, mainly rituximab, with variable treatment duration (median = 2.9, range = 0.4–9.6 years) and time from last anti‐CD20 infusion to vaccination (median = 190, range = 60–1032 days).ResultsWe find that presence of B cells and/or rituximab in blood predict seroconversion better than time since last infusion. Using multiple logistic regression, presence of >0.5% B cells increased probability of seroconversion with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–28.1, p = 0.055), whereas the corresponding OR for ≥6 months since last infusion was 1.45 (95% CI = 0.20–10.15, p = 0.705). In contrast, detectable rituximab levels were negatively associated with seroconversion (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.002–0.392, p = 0.012). Furthermore, naïve and memory IgG+ B cells correlated with antibody levels. Although retreatment with rituximab at 4 weeks or more after booster depleted spike‐specific B cells, it did not noticeably affect the rate of decline in antibody titers. Interferon‐γ and/or interleukin‐13 T‐cell responses to the spike S1 domain were observed in most patients, but with no correlation to spike antibody levels.ConclusionsThese findings are relevant for providing individualized guidance to patients and planning of vaccination schemes, in turn optimizing benefit–risk with anti‐CD20.
Effective deep learning based multimodal sentiment analysis from unstructured big data
Authors: Thandaga Jwalanaiah Swasthika Jain , Jeena Jacob Israel , Mandava Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMore recently, as images, memes and graphics interchange formats have dominated social feeds, typographic/infographic visual content has emerged as an important social media component. This multimodal text combines text and image, defining a novel visual language that must be analysed because it has the potential to modify, confirm or grade the sentiment's polarity. The problem is how to effectively use information from the visual and textual content in image‐text posts. This article presents a new deep learning‐based multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) model using multimodal data such as images, text and multimodal text (image with embedded text). The text analytic unit, the discretization control unit, the picture analytic component and the decision‐making component are all included in this system. The discretization unit separates the text from the picture using the variant and channel augmented maximally stable extremal regions (VCA‐MSERs) technique, which are then analysed as discrete elements and fed into the appropriate image and text analytics units. The text analytics system utilizes a stacked recurrent neural network with multilevel attention and feedback module (SRNN‐MAFM) to detect the sentiment of the text. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) structure with parallel‐dilated convolution and self‐attention module (PDC‐SAM) is developed to forecast the emotional response to visual content. Finally, the decision component employs a Boolean framework including an OR function to evaluate and classify the output into three fine‐grained sentiment classes: positive, neutral and negative. The proposed work is simulated in the python platform using the STS‐Gold, Flickr 8k and B‐T4SA datasets for sentiment analysis of text and visual and multimodal text. Simulation outcomes proved that the suggested method achieved better accuracy of 97.8%, 97.7% and 90% for text, visual and MSA individually compared to other methods.
Multi‐specific small‐scale fisheries rely on few, locally essential, species: Evidence from a multi‐area study in the Mediterranean
Authors: Calò Antonio , Di Franco Antonio , Quattrocchi Federico , Dimitriadis Charalampos , Ventura Patricia , Milazzo Marco , Guidetti Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAchieving sound management of small‐scale fisheries (SSFs) is globally recognized a key priority for sustaining livelihoods, local economies, social wealth and cultural heritage in coastal areas. The paucity of information on SSFs often prevents the proper assessment of different socio‐ecological aspects, potentially leading to draw inappropriate conclusions and hampering the development and adoption of effective policies to foster SSF sustainability. To respond to the growing global call to assess these fisheries, we carried out a multi‐disciplinary and data‐rich assessment of SSFs at 11 areas in 6 Mediterranean EU countries, combining the analysis of 1292 SSF fishing operations and 149 semi‐structured surveys of fishers. Specifically, we aimed at assessing (1) landed species contribution to SSF catches and revenues and (2) the spatial variability in a set of fishery socio‐ecological descriptors. Results highlighted that, in spite of a high species diversity, Mediterranean SSFs actually rely economically upon a very limited number of species with catch and revenues per unit of effort mostly determined by less than 5 species, that can guarantee high and stable catches and revenues over time. Moreover, some fishing communities were found to rely on a restricted number of gears. These evidences suggest, that some SSFs' properties often assumed, but never broadly verified, should be carefully reconsidered, especially when viewed from a broader socio‐ecological perspective, as in the case of the diversified portfolio or of the polyvalence of fishing gears. Taking the local scale into proper account is likely to reduce the risk of implementing management strategies potentially generating socio‐ecological inequalities.
Linking observed changes in pelagic catches to temperature and oxygen in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Clarke Tayler M. , Wabnitz Colette C. C. , Frölicher Thomas L. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Pauly Daniel , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWarming increases the metabolic rates of fishes and drives their oxygen demands above environmental oxygen supply, leading to declines in fish growth and smaller population sizes. Given the wide variability in species' sensitivity to changing temperature and oxygen levels, warming and oxygen limitation may be altering the composition of fish communities and hence, that of fisheries catches. Here, we test the hypothesis that changing temperatures shape the composition of pelagic fisheries catches in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. We expect that under warmer conditions, pelagic fisheries catches will be dominated by tropical species with higher oxygen demands and less surplus oxygen for growth. To test this hypothesis, we combined an index of the physiological vulnerability of exploited large pelagic fishes (e.g. tuna and billfish) to changing ocean temperatures and oxygen levels with fisheries catch data from 1970 to 2016. We found that warming is the main driver of changes in the physiological performance and catch composition of this fishery, and that oxygen limitation may be causing a significant breakpoint in the relationship between sea surface oxygen and the index of vulnerability of pelagic catches in the Ecuador and Galapagos Exclusive Economic Zones. Warm temperature anomalies due to El Niño were projected to cause reductions in the physiological performance of large pelagic fishes, although this only led to changes in catch composition during the extremely warm events. Our results suggest that catches are vulnerable to future warming, as the increasing frequency, duration and magnitude of marine heatwaves associated with climate change impact catch composition.
Lessons from the field. A day in the life of a full‐time parenting educator
Authors: Higginbotham Brian J. , Turner Joshua J. , Duncan Stephen F. , Schramm David G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to learn more about the daily activities of 10 parenting educators, hired to implement a federally funded fatherhood education program.BackgroundFederal grants for Healthy Marriage and Responsible Fatherhood programs have increased employment opportunities for parenting educators, who often take on multiple duties. Despite initial job descriptions, adjustments are necessary to achieve programmatic milestones and satisfy funder expectations. Nevertheless, research available to guide employers regarding the hiring, managing, and time allocation of parenting educators is limited.MethodDescriptive analyses of the activity logs of 10 parenting educators were conducted. Parenting educators also participated in retrospective interviews at program conclusion.ResultsThe largest percentage of time was spent on class activities, followed by professional development, and administrative duties.ConclusionsThe duties of full‐time parenting educators go well beyond teaching.ImplicationsIndividuals entering into parent education positions come from a diversity of backgrounds. Their understanding of the discipline of parent education may be limited by the types of experience they have had to date. Organizations hiring parenting educators may benefit from providing new employee training that includes theory, skills, and concepts related to family life education, business, marketing, and administration. In this study, we provide lessons from the field gleaned from the parenting educators hired to implement a federally funded fatherhood education program. Implications include strategies for posting, hiring, and supervising parenting educator positions.
NHS librarians collaborate to develop a search bank peer reviewing and sharing COVID‐19 searches: an evaluation
Authors: Gorring Hélène , Divall Pip , Gardner Sarah , Gray Anne , McLaren Alison , Snell Lindsay , Thackeray Eva , Tocock Adam , Young Gil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundResponding to the COVID‐19 pandemic, Health Education England (HEE) mobilised a group of expert searchers from NHS libraries in England to develop a platform for librarians to share peer reviewed search strategies and results on the Knowledge for Healthcare website.Objectives(1) To document the origins of the COVID‐19 search bank, (2) evaluate attitudes of NHS librarians in England towards the search bank and (3) identify lessons learned and consider whether the initiative might be developed further.MethodsStructured interviews with the peer reviewers (n = 10) were conducted, and a questionnaire survey of the NHS library community using the search bank was undertaken.ResultsThe interviews confirmed the value of collaboration. Expert searchers worked in pairs to peer review submitted search strategies. The survey (85 responses) indicated that a majority had used the search bank, and approved of the project, with some differences of opinion on functionality and future developments.DiscussionCollaborative working for the search bank probably saved time for individual NHS librarians. The quality of the searches submitted was variable as were librarians' approaches to presentation and development of search strategies. Peer review benefits from a buddy approach among expert searchers and agreement about feedback provided to contributors.ConclusionSearch strategies are the most useful element of a search bank. Peer review can be challenging and would benefit from a formal structure, but it is professionally rewarding.
Adapting the task‐based methodology for learners with intellectual disabilities: Five key facets for consideration
Authors: Chan Hang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConceived within an input–output metaphor of language processing, many traditional assumptions regarding the task‐based language teaching (TBLT) approach are finding the teaching of English to learners with special education needs (SENs) difficult. In this concept‐based article, I retrace the process of conceiving a “task‐supported ecology” for a group of learners with intellectual disabilities by balancing viewpoints of TBLT theorists, ecological psychologists, specialists, and policy‐makers. The resulting framework emphasizes ecology to be a capacious concept and also the importance of goal‐oriented navigation. I also note how these characteristics resonate with a classic TBLT definition, which contains traces of ecological ideas. The paper presents an evaluation of the TBLT framework, concluding that the less restrictive environment of special schools may offer better‐than‐expected prospects for implementing this pedagogy.
Engineered exosomes for studies in tumor immunology
Authors: Alptekin Ahmet , Parvin Mahrima , Chowdhury Hasanul I. , Rashid Mohammad H. , Arbab Ali S. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryExosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) with diameters of 30–150 nm secreted by most of the cells into the extracellular spaces and can alter the microenvironment through cell‐to‐cell interactions by fusion with the plasma membrane and subsequent endocytosis and release of the cargo. Because of their biocompatibility, low toxicity and immunogenicity, permeability (even through the blood–brain barrier (BBB)), stability in biological fluids, and ability to accumulate in the lesions with higher specificity, investigators have started making designer's exosomes or engineered exosomes to carry biologically active protein on the surface or inside the exosomes as well as using exosomes to carry drugs, micro RNA, and other products to the site of interest. In this review, we have discussed biogenesis, markers, and contents of various exosomes including exosomes of immune cells. We have also discussed the current methods of making engineered and designer's exosomes as well as the use of engineered exosomes targeting different immune cells in the tumors, stroke, as well as at peripheral blood. Genetic engineering and customizing exosomes create an unlimited opportunity to use in diagnosis and treatment. Very little use has been discovered, and we are far away to reach its limits.
The effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of patients in burns services
Authors: Altıner Saygın , Tuncal Salih , Ünal Yılmaz , Çöl Mert , Büyükkasap Çağrı , Pekcici M. Recep 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on the epidemiological characteristics and causes of burns in patients admitted to burns services. A total of 629 patients who applied to the burn center of our hospital on March 11 to June 11, 2019, and March 11 to June 11, 2020, were included in this single‐center, retrospective study. The demographic information of the patients, causes of burns, burn degrees, affected anatomical areas, admission times and burn surface areas were recorded retrospectively according to patient records. The findings of our study suggest that gender, age, causes of burns, affected anatomical areas and application times did not differ before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. The number of cases has significantly decreased during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with that of the previous year. As a result, burn trauma is an emergency; it is preventable and cannot be ignored. The COVID‐19 pandemic has had many effects on social, cultural and economic fields, as well as on the field of health.
Characterization of three novel DyP-type peroxidases from Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882
Authors: Yayci Abdulkadir , Bachmann Nathalie , Dirks Tim , Hofmann Eckhard , Bandow Julia E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Actinobacteria are known to produce extracellular enzymes including DyPs. We set out to identify and characterize novel peroxidases from Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882, because S. chartreusis belongs to the small group of actinobacteria with three different DyPs.

Methods and Results
The genome of the actinomycete S. chartreusis NRRL 3882 was mined for novel DyP-type peroxidases. Three genes encoding for DyP-type peroxidases were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Subsequent characterization of the recombinant proteins included examination of operating conditions such as pH, temperature and H2O2 concentrations, as well as substrate spectrum. Despite their high sequence similarity, the enzymes named SCDYP1-SCDYP3 presented distinct preferences regarding their operating conditions. They showed great divergence in H2O2 tolerance and stability, with SCDYP2 being most active at concentrations above 50 mmol l−1. Moreover, SCDYP1 and SCDYP3 preferred acidic pH (typical for DyP-type peroxidases), whereas SCDYP2 was most active at pH 8.

Conclusions
Regarding the function of DyPs in nature, these results suggest that availability of different DyP variants with complementary activity profiles in one organism might convey evolutionary benefits.

Significance and Impact of the Study
DyP-type peroxidases are able to degrade xenobiotic compounds and thus can be applied in biocatalysis and bioremediation. However, the native function of DyPs and the benefits for their producers largely remain to be elucidated.
Validity of self‐reported hypertension in India: Evidence from nationally representative survey of adult population over 45 years
Authors: Bhatia Mrigesh , Dixit Priyanka , Kumar Manish , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf‐reported measures of health, in the context of developed countries, are well‐researched and commonly regarded as reliable predictors of the underlying health of the population. However, the validity of these measures is under‐researched and questionable in the context of low‐ and middle‐income countries. The authors used Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) survey data from India to compare self‐reported hypertension with biometrically‐measured hypertension. The results are reported in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and kappa as a measure of agreement. Logistic regression was undertaken to examine the characteristics of those who were unaware of their hypertensive status. Our analysis showed a low sensitivity of 56% and a high specificity of 90.5%. Agreement between self‐reported data and biometric measurement of hypertension was observed to be moderate (κ = 0.48). Large variations were observed among states and sub‐groups. The odds of false negative reporting of hypertension were lower in the individuals with higher age, high education, and greater wealth status. The authors conclude that self‐reported hypertension has important limitations and may be a source of systematic bias. It is recommended that planning and policy‐making in India be based more on an objective assessment of hypertension.
TNFα activation and TGFβ blockage act synergistically for smooth muscle cell calcification in patients with venous thrombosis via TGFβ/ERK pathway
Authors: Wang Penghui , Pan Yiqing , Yang Chenghao , Zhang Linjie , Zhao Zhen , Ye Kaichuang , Li Lei , Xia Shoubing , Lu Xinwu , Shi Huihua , Li Weimin , Yin Minyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVenous calcification has been observed in post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) patients; yet, the cell types and possible mechanisms regulating this process are still unclear. We evaluated the calcium deposition within the venous wall, the cell type involved in the calcified remodelling of the venous wall after thrombosis and explored possible mechanisms in vitro. Calcium deposition was found in human specimens of superficial thrombotic veins and was co‐localized with VSMCs markers αSMA and TAGLN (also known as SM22α). Besides, the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes was dramatically changed in superficial thrombotic veins. Moreover, the inhibition of the TGFβ signalling pathway after TNFα treatment effectively induced the expression of osteogenic phenotype markers, the calcium salt deposits and the obvious phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK2 in the VSMCs calcification model. Supplementing TGFβ2 or blocking the activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway prevented the transformation of VSMCs into osteoblast‐like cells in vitro. Taken together, VSMCs have an important role in venous calcification after thrombosis. Supplementing TGFβ2 or inhibiting the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway can reduce the appearance of VSMCs osteogenic phenotype. Our findings may present a novel therapeutic approach to prevent of vascular calcification after venous thrombosis.
Long‐term evaluation of early‐enamel lesions treated with novel experimental tricalcium silicate paste: A 2‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hamdi Kareem , Hamama Hamdi H. , Motawea Amira , Fawzy Amr , Mahmoud Salah Hasab 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current study is to evaluate the remineralization potential of experimental tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste in comparison with more popular remineralizing agents like silver diamine fluoride potassium iodide (SDF‐KI) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP) on early enamel lesions.Materials and MethodsForty‐five patients in the age range of 15–50 years had early enamel lesions on the buccal surface of molar teeth. The patients were randomly divided into three treatment groups (SDF‐KI, CPP‐ACP, and TCS group) with 15 patients per group. Lesions were evaluated clinically by DIAGNOdent pen immediately and after 3,6,12, and 24 months of treatment.ResultsThe study was completed with 45 patients and 92 teeth. Twice‐daily application of CPP‐ACP and TCS paste showed a significant remineralization effect on early enamel lesions after 24 months (p < 0.001). Also, annual application of SDF‐KI showed a significant remineralization effect after 24 months (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between (SDF‐KI and CPP‐ACP) and (SDF‐KI and TCS) at the different follow‐up periods 3,6,12, and 24 months (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between CPP‐ACP and TCS at the mentioned follow‐up periods (p > 0.05).ConclusionTCS showed potential remineralization for early enamel lesions.Clinical RelevanceExperimental TCS is a promising remineralizing agent for management of early enamel lesions.
Molecular identification of Tetrahymena species
Authors: Cassidy‐Hanley Donna Marie , Doerder F. Paul , Hossain Mozammal , Devine Catherine , Clark Theodore 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondrial cox1 689 bp barcodes are routinely used for identification of Tetrahymena species. Here, we examine whether two shorter nuclear sequences, the 5.8S rRNA gene region and the intergenic region between H3 and H4 histone genes, might also be useful either singly or in combination with each other or cox1. We obtained sequences from ~300 wild isolates deposited at the Tetrahymena Stock Center and analyzed additional sequences obtained from GenBank. The 5.8S rRNA gene and portions of its transcribed flanks identify isolates as to their major clade and uniquely identify some, but not all, species. The ~330 bp H3/H4 intergenic region possesses low intraspecific variability and is unique for most species. However, it fails to distinguish between two pairs of common species and their rarer counterparts, and its use is complicated by the presence of duplicate genes in some species. The results show that while the cox1 sequence is the best single marker for Tetrahymena species identification, 5.8S rRNA, and the H3/H4 intergenic regions sequences are useful, singly or in combination, to confirm cox1 species assignments or as part of a preliminary survey of newly collected Tetrahymena. From our newly collected isolates, the results extend the biogeographical range of T. shanghaiensis and T. malaccensis and identify a new species, Tetrahymena arleneae n. sp. herein described.