bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D nanomaterial sensing array using machine learning for differential profiling of pathogenic microbial taxonomic identification
Authors: Li Zhijun , Jiang Yizhou , Tang Shihuan , Zou Haixia , Wang Wentao , Qi Guangpei , Zhang Hongbo , Jin Kun , Wang Yuhe , Chen Hong , Zhang Liyuan , Qu Xiangmeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An integrated custom cross-response sensing array has been developed combining the algorithm module’s visible machine learning approach for rapid and accurate pathogenic microbial taxonomic identification. The diversified cross-response sensing array consists of two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D-n) with fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as sensing elements to extract a set of differential response profiles for each pathogenic microorganism. By altering the 2D-n and different ssDNA with different sequences, we can form multiple sensing elements. While interacting with microorganisms, the competition between ssDNA and 2D-n leads to the release of ssDNA from 2D-n. The signals are generated from binding force driven by the exfoliation of either ssDNA or 2D-n from the microorganisms. Thus, the signal is distinguished from different ssDNA and 2D-n combinations, differentiating the extracted information and visualizing the recognition process. Fluorescent signals collected from each sensing element at the wavelength around 520 nm are applied to generate a fingerprint. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that a six-sensing array enables rapid and accurate pathogenic microbial taxonomic identification, including the drug-resistant microorganisms, under a data size of n = 288. We precisely identify microbial with an overall accuracy of 97.9%, which overcomes the big data dependence for identifying recurrent patterns in conventional methods. For each microorganism, the detection concentration is 105 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Escherichia coli, 102 ~ 107 CFU/mL for E. coli-β, 103 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 103 ~ 107 CFU/mL for MRSA, 102 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 103 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Enterococcus faecalis, 102 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 103 ~ 108 CFU/mL for Candida albicans. Combining the visible machine learning approach, this sensing array provides strategies for precision pathogenic microbial taxonomic identification.
Graphical abstract
• A molecular response differential profiling (MRDP) was established based on custom cross-response sensor array for rapid and accurate recognition and phenotyping common pathogenic microorganism.
• Differential response profiling of pathogenic microorganism is derived from the competitive response capacity of 6 sensing elements of the sensor array. Each of these sensing elements’ performance has competitive reaction with the microorganism.
• MRDP was applied to LDA algorithm and resulted in the classification of 8 microorganisms.
On decompositions of binary recurrent polynomials
Authors: Kreso Dijana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolynomial decomposition expresses a polynomial f as the functional composition $$f=g\circ h$$

f
=
g
∘
h

of lower degree polynomials g and h, and has various applications. In this paper, we will show that for a minimal, non-degenerate, simple, binary, linearly recurrent sequence $$(G_n(x))_{n=0}^\infty $$

(

G
n

(
x
)

)

n
=
0

∞

of complex polynomials whose coefficients in the Binet form are constants, if $$G_n(x)=g(h(x))$$

G
n

(
x
)

=
g

(
h

(
x
)

)

, then apart from some exceptional situations that have to be taken into account, the degree of g is bounded by a constant independent of n. We will build on a general but conditional result of this type that already exists in the literature. We will then present one Diophantine application of the main result.
Air travel with pneumocephalus: a systematic review
Authors: Bichsel Oliver , Hauck Annalisa , Oertel Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionConcerns arise when patients with pneumocephalus engage in air travel. How hypobaric cabin pressure affects intracranial air is largely unclear. A widespread concern is that the intracranial volume could relevantly expand during flight and lead to elevated intracranial pressure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarise models and case reports with confirmed pre-flight pneumocephalus.MethodsThe terms (pneumocephalus OR intracranial air) AND (flying OR fly OR travel OR air transport OR aircraft) were used to search the database PubMed on 30 November 2021. This search returned 144 results. To be included, a paper needed to fulfil each of the following criteria: (i) peer-reviewed publication of case reports, surveys, simulations or laboratory experiments that focussed on air travel with pre-existing pneumocephalus; (ii) available in full text.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria after title or abstract screening. We additionally identified five more articles when reviewing the references. A notion that repeatedly surfaced is that any air contained within the neurocranium increases in volume at higher altitude, much like any extracranial gas, potentially resulting in tension pneumocephalus or increased intracranial pressure.DiscussionRelatively conservative thresholds for patients flying with pneumocephalus are suggested based on models where the intracranial air equilibrates with cabin pressure, although intracranial air in a confined space would be surrounded by the intracranial pressure. There is a discrepancy between the models and case presentations in that we found no reports of permanent or transient decompensation secondary to a pre-existing pneumocephalus during air travel. Nevertheless, the quality of examination varies and clinicians might tend to refrain from reporting adverse events. We identified a persistent extracranial to intracranial fistulous process in multiple cases with newly diagnosed pneumocephalus after flight. Finally, we summarised management principles to avoid complications from pneumocephalus during air travel and argue that a patient-specific understanding of the pathophysiology and time course of the pneumocephalus are potentially more important than its volume.
Impacts of a floating photovoltaic system on temperature and water quality in a shallow tropical reservoir
Authors: Yang Peipei , Chua Lloyd H. C. , Irvine Kim N. , Nguyen Manh Tuan , Low E.-Wen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological lake model combined with field measurements and sampling was applied to investigate the impacts of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems on hydrodynamics and water quality in a shallow tropical reservoir in Singapore. The model was validated using field data and subsequently applied to predict temperature and water quality changes for a hypothetical 42 ha placement of floating photovoltaic panels, covering about 30% of the water surface and capable of generating up to 50 MW of energy. The impact of the panel placement was studied numerically. The area of the reservoir where panels are placed experiences both light limiting and reduced wind stress conditions. The model indicated an average water temperature increase of 0.3 °C beneath the panels, consistent with the field observation from a 1 ha demonstration installation. Comparisons of model results between the uncovered and covered areas reveal greater stability of the water column (increase in Richardson number from 2.3 to 3.3) and reduction in mixing energy (from 9 × 10–7 to 7 × 10–7 W/kg) under the PV panels. Furthermore, the model predicted that chlorophyll a, total organic carbon and dissolved oxygen concentrations would decline by up to 30%, 15% and 50%, respectively, under the photovoltaic panels. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus, averaged over the water column, increased by 10% and 30%, respectively, under the panels. Distant from the floating solar panels, temperature, stability and water quality were unaffected.
Considering vocational training as selection criterion for medical students: evidence for predictive validity
Authors: Amelung Dorothee , Zegota Simon , Espe Lia , Wittenberg Tim , Raupach Tobias , Kadmon Martina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior work experience in a relevant medical profession is an important admission criterion currently used at many German medical schools in addition to cognitive criteria. In other countries, work experience is often considered in later admission stages (e.g., interviews with pre-selected subgroups of applicants). However, evidence for its predictive validity for study success in addition to cognitive admission criteria is currently lacking. We therefore assessed whether completed vocational training in a relevant medical profession can predict study performance in the first two years of study in addition to cognitive admission criteria. Admission and study performance data of all currently enrolled medical students at two German medical schools (Göttingen and Heidelberg) beginning with the 2013/14 cohort were retrospectively analyzed. Cognitive admission criteria in our sample were GPA grades and a cognitive test (“Test für Medizinische Studiengänge”, TMS). We defined the study outcome parameter as the mean percentile rank over all performance data points over the first two years of study for each location, respectively. A multi-level model with varying intercepts by location, GPA, TMS, vocational training, and sex as predictors accounted for 14.5% of the variance in study outcome. A positive predictive association with study outcome was found for vocational training (ß = 0.33, p = .008) beyond GPA (ß = 0.38, p < .001) and TMS (ß = 0.26, p < .001). Our results support the use of prior vocational training as a selection criterion for medical studies potentially adding predictive validity to cognitive criteria.
Make IT Work: The Labor Market Effects of Information Technology Retraining in the Netherlands
Authors: Vooren Melvin , Haelermans Carla , Groot Wim , Maassen van den Brink Henriette 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of an active labor market program (ALMP) for higher educated workers in the Netherlands. The one-year program is characterized by six months of full-time IT retraining followed by a six-month internship. We estimate the effects of participating on earnings per month and working days per month. The results show significant lock-in effects during the program, lasting up to five months after program start. After this lock-in period, we find significant positive effects on earnings and working days. These positive effects remain significant until the end of the 36-month evaluation period. A conservative cost–benefit analysis based on the effects on earnings shows a return of 2.53% (95% CI 2.02–3.04%), which is low compared to the returns to education in the Netherlands of around 8%. We conclude that IT retraining has positive effects on the labor market outcomes of the participants yet relatively low returns.
Keeping the lights On or Off: tracking the progress of access to electricity for sustainable development in Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Oluwafisayo , Abubakar Aisha , Werkmeister Astrid , Sule Suki Dauda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper is focussed on employing satellite night lights (SNLs) to investigate access to electricity across the geographical regions in Nigeria. Specifically, we explore how SNLs interact with human and socioeconomic development indicators (population, poverty, and household consumption) to demonstrate the implications of slow and/or delayed progress in closing the electricity access gap in Nigeria. Our findings suggest that minimal progress has been made and there remains significant evidence of disproportionate spread of electricity across the country with most of the electricity visibility concentrated in the Southern regions, state capitals and industrial centres. Crucially, policy challenges and trade offs emerge. On one hand, is the need to address the long-standing issue of stranded and underutilised assets around power generation, transmission, and distribution and how these balance (or not) against additional and new capacity to enable sufficient, reliable and sustained electricity supply. On the other hand, is the challenge of ensuring that closing the access to electricity gap in Nigeria is done in a way that is just, fair, and equitable, with no part of society becoming worse-off or excluded.
Knowledge Graph and Deep Learning-based Text-to-GraphQL Model for Intelligent Medical Consultation Chatbot
Authors: Ni Pin , Okhrati Ramin , Guan Steven , Chang Victor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractText-to-GraphQL (Text2GraphQL) is a task that converts the user's questions into Graph + QL (Query Language) when a graph database is given. That is a task of semantic parsing that transforms natural language problems into logical expressions, which will bring more efficient direct communication between humans and machines. The existing related work mainly focuses on Text-to-SQL tasks, and there is no available semantic parsing method and data set for the graph database. In order to fill the gaps in this field to serve the medical Human–Robot Interactions (HRI) better, we propose this task and a pipeline solution for the Text2GraphQL task. This solution uses the Adapter pre-trained by “the linking of GraphQL schemas and the corresponding utterances” as an external knowledge introduction plug-in. By inserting the Adapter into the language model, the mapping between logical language and natural language can be introduced faster and more directly to better realize the end-to-end human–machine language translation task. In the study, the proposed Text2GraphQL task model is mainly constructed based on an improved pipeline composed of a Language Model, Pre-trained Adapter plug-in, and Pointer Network. This enables the model to copy objects' tokens from utterances, generate corresponding GraphQL statements for graph database retrieval, and builds an adjustment mechanism to improve the final output. And the experiments have proved that our proposed method has certain competitiveness on the counterpart datasets (Spider, ATIS, GeoQuery, and 39.net) converted from the Text2SQL task, and the proposed method is also practical in medical scenarios.
Bernstein-Bézier Galerkin-Characteristics Finite Element Method for Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: El-Amrani Mofdi , El-Kacimi Abdellah , Khouya Bassou , Seaid Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA class of Bernstein-Bézier basis based high-order finite element methods is developed for the Galerkin-characteristics solution of convection-diffusion problems. The Galerkin-characteristics formulation is derived using a semi-Lagrangian discretization of the total derivative in the considered problems. The spatial discretization is performed using the finite element method on unstructured meshes. The Lagrangian interpretation in this approach greatly reduces the time truncation errors in the Eulerian methods. To achieve high-order accuracy in the Galerkin-characteristics solver, the semi-Lagrangian method requires high-order interpolating procedures. In the present work, this step is carried out using the Bernstein-Bézier basis functions to evaluate the solution at the departure points. Triangular Bernstein-Bézier patches are constructed in a simple and inherent manner over finite elements along the characteristics. An efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient solver is used for the linear systems of algebraic equations. Several numerical examples including advection-diffusion equations with known analytical solutions and the viscous Burgers problem are considered to illustrate the accuracy, robustness and performance of the proposed approach. The computed results support our expectations for a stable and highly accurate Bernstein-Bézier Galerkin-characteristics finite element method for convection-diffusion problems.
Using a trait-based approach to asses fire resistance in forest landscapes of the Inland Northwest, USA
Authors: Moris Jose V. , Reilly Matthew J. , Yang Zhiqiang , Cohen Warren B. , Motta Renzo , Ascoli Davide 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Context
Several plant traits are associated with resistance to fire, thus fire-resistant species may give rise to more fire-resistant landscapes. However, up-scaling from plant traits to landscape- and regional-scale fire effects remains a challenge.

Objectives
We test two hypotheses: (1) forests composed of fire-resistant species experience lower fire severity than forests composed of less fire-resistant species; and (2) wildfires affecting forests with greater fire resistance experience smaller patches of high-severity fire.

Methods
We used a predictive map of existing forest types (major tree species dominating forest composition) and a trait-based map of fire resistance. We examined large-scale spatial patterns of fire severity derived from Landsat imagery in 611 wildfires across the range of western larch in the Inland Northwest USA (1985–2014). We then applied structural equation modeling to study complex relationships between fire resistance and high-severity fire in each wildfire.

Results
Forest types dominated by fire-resister species (e.g., ponderosa pine) experienced lower fire severity than forest types dominated by non-resister species such as lodgepole pine (fire-embracer) and subalpine fir (fire-avoider). We found a strong negative correlation between the fire resistance index and average values of the relative differenced normalized burn ratio, as well as an indirect relationship between fire resistance and high-severity patch size.

Conclusions
The large-scale differences in fire severity among forest types generally reflect the degree of fire resistance that fire-related traits confer to individual trees species, providing evidence that incorporating plant traits has the potential to assist in assessing fire resistance at large spatial scales.
Optical phase shifter design for single and multi-mode waveguide configurations
Authors: Wageeh Amr , El-Sabban Salwa , Khalil Diaa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce simple design equations for optical phase shifter configurations on both single mode and multimode platforms. The design equations are based on approximate analytical expressions describing the phase shift (difference) between two waveguides, one is considered as the reference guide and the second is considered as the phase shifter. Different layout geometrical configurations have been studied: the step width and the linear tapering waveguide. The validity of the design formula is tested using standard Beam Propagation Method BPM. The obtained results are in good agreement with numerical calculations and allow using these closed form expressions in the optical design of such phase shifters.
Coordinated community response to prevent elder abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation: randomized control trial
Authors: Maxwell Christopher D. , Almanza Kourtnie Rodgers , Pickering Carolyn E. Z. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To test if the Community Complex Care Response Team (C3RT), a coordinated community response model, impacts the likelihood of abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation among at-risk community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
One hundred forty-six participants were randomly assigned to receive either the C3RT intervention (n = 74) or the standard practice (n = 72). Cox regression analyses were used to test whether the intervention delayed incidents of EANF victimization measured by when adult protective services opened an investigation, when the police recorded a victimization, and when a hospital admission took place.

Results
Assignment to the C3RT intervention program did not significantly delay incidents of EANF victimization indicator.

Conclusions
This C3RT approach did not produce the desired outcomes, though the project demonstrates that it is ethical and feasible to implement an RCT to test an intervention with vulnerable populations.
Fullerenes for the treatment of cancer: an emerging tool
Authors: Fernandes Neha Benedicta , Shenoy Raghavendra Udaya Kumar , Kajampady Mandira Kashi , DCruz Cleona E. M. , Shirodkar Rupesh K. , Kumar Lalit , Verma Ruchi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cancer is a most common cause of mortality globally. Available medicines possess severe side effects owing to their non-specific targeting. Hence, there is a need of an alternative in the healthcare system that should have high efficacy with the least side effects, also having the ability to achieve site-specific targeting and be reproducible. This is possible with the help of fullerenes. Fullerenes are having the unique physicochemical and photosensitizer properties. This article discusses the synthesis, functionalization, mechanism, various properties, and applications of C60 fullerenes in the treatment of cancer. The review article also addresses the various factors influencing the activity of fullerenes including the environmental conditions, toxicity profile, and future prospective.
Graphical abstract
Determination of potential thresholds for N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea and ethyl methanesulfonate based on a multi-endpoint genotoxicity assessment platform in rats
Authors: Zhu Xuejiao , Huo Jiao , Zeng Zhu , Liu Yunjie , Li Ruirui , Chen Yiyi , Zhang Lishi , Chen Jinyao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main goal of the study was to investigate the genotoxic response of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at low doses in a multi-endpoint genotoxicity assessment platform in rats and to derive potential thresholds and related metrics. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated by daily oral gavage for 28 consecutive days with ENU (0.25 ~ 8 mg/kg bw) and EMS (5 ~ 160 mg/kg bw), both with six closely spaced dose levels. Pig-a gene mutation assay, micronucleus test, and comet assay were performed in several timepoints. Then, the dose–response relationships were analyzed for possible points of departure (PoD) using the no observed genotoxic effect level and benchmark dose (BMD) protocols with different critical effect sizes (CES, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1SD). Overall, dose-dependent increases in all investigated endpoints were found for ENU and EMS. PoDs varied across genetic endpoints, timepoints, and statistical methods, and selecting an appropriate lower 95% confidence limit of BMD needs a comprehensive consideration of the mode of action of chemicals, the characteristics of tests, and the model fitting methods. Under the experimental conditions, the PoDs of ENU and EMS were 0.0036 mg/kg bw and 1.7 mg/kg bw, respectively.