bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust, social capital, and the bond market benefits of ESG performance
Authors: Amiraslani Hami , Lins Karl V. , Servaes Henri , Tamayo Ane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether a firm’s social capital and the trust that it engenders are viewed favorably by bondholders. Using firms’ environmental and social (E&S) performance to proxy for social capital, we find no relation between social capital and bond spreads over the period 2006–2019. However, during the 2008–2009 financial crisis, which represents a shock to trust and default risk, high-social-capital firms benefited from lower bond spreads. These effects are stronger for firms with higher expected agency costs of debt and firms whose E&S efforts are more salient. During the crisis, high-social-capital firms were also able to raise more debt, at lower spreads, and for longer maturities. We find no evidence that the governance element of ESG is related to bond spreads. The gap between E&S performance of firms in the bottom and top E&S terciles has narrowed since the financial crisis, especially in the year prior to accessing the bond market.
Analysis of workflow schedulers in simulated distributed environments
Authors: Beránek Jakub , Böhm Stanislav , Cima Vojtěch 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTask graphs provide a simple way to describe scientific workflows (sets of tasks with dependencies) that can be executed on both HPC clusters and in the cloud. An important aspect of executing such graphs is the used scheduling algorithm. Many scheduling heuristics have been proposed in existing works; nevertheless, they are often tested in oversimplified environments. We provide an extensible simulation environment designed for prototyping and benchmarking task schedulers, which contains implementations of various scheduling algorithms and is open-sourced, in order to be fully reproducible. We use this environment to perform a comprehensive analysis of workflow scheduling algorithms with a focus on quantifying the effect of scheduling challenges that have so far been mostly neglected, such as delays between scheduler invocations or partially unknown task durations. Our results indicate that network models used by many previous works might produce results that are off by an order of magnitude in comparison to a more realistic model. Additionally, we show that certain implementation details of scheduling algorithms which are often neglected can have a large effect on the scheduler’s performance, and they should thus be described in great detail to enable proper evaluation.
Direct Estimation of Diagnostic Classification Model Attribute Mastery Profiles via a Collapsed Gibbs Sampling Algorithm
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Templin Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm that marginalizes model parameters and directly samples latent attribute mastery patterns in diagnostic classification models. This estimation method makes it possible to avoid boundary problems in the estimation of model item parameters by eliminating the need to estimate such parameters. A simulation study showed the collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm can accurately recover the true attribute mastery status in various conditions. A second simulation showed the collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm was computationally more efficient than another MCMC sampling algorithm, implemented by JAGS. In an analysis of real data, the collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm indicated good classification agreement with results from a previous study.
“More than just giving them a piece of paper”: Interviews with Primary Care on Social Needs Referrals to Community-Based Organizations
Authors: Beidler Laura B. , Razon Na’amah , Lang Hannah , Fraze Taressa K. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Background
Primary care practices are responding to calls to incorporate patients’ social risk factors, such as housing, food, and economic insecurity, into clinical care. Healthcare likely relies on the expertise and resources of community-based organizations to improve patients’ social conditions, yet little is known about the referral process.

Objective
To characterize referrals to community-based organizations by primary care practices.

Design
Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with healthcare administrators responsible for social care efforts in their organization.

Participants
Administrators at 50 diverse US healthcare organizations with efforts to address patients’ social risks.

Main Measures
Approaches used in primary care to implement social needs referral to community-based organizations.

Results
Interviewed administrators reported that social needs referrals were an essential element in their social care activities. Administrators described the ideal referral programs as placing limited burden on care teams, providing patients with customized referrals, and facilitating closed-loop referrals. We identified three key challenges organizations experience when trying to implement the ideal referrals program: (1) developing and maintaining resources lists; (2) aligning referrals with patient needs; and (3) measuring the efficacy of referrals. Collectively, these challenges led to organizations relying on staff to manually develop and update resource lists and, in most cases, provide patients with generic referrals. Administrators not only hoped that referral platforms may help overcome some of these barriers, but also reported implementation challenges with platforms including inconsistent buy-in and use across staff; integration with electronic health records; management and prioritization of resources; and alignment with other organizations in their market.

Conclusion and Relevance
Referrals to community-based organizations were used in primary care to improve patients’ social conditions, but despite strong motivations, interviewees reported challenges providing tailored and up-to-date information to patients.
Professional Oversight of Emergency-Use Interventions and Monitoring Systems: Ethical Guidance From the Singapore Experience of COVID-19
Authors: Lysaght Tamra , Schaefer Gerald Owen , Voo Teck Chuan , Wee Hwee Lin , Joseph Roy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh degrees of uncertainty and a lack of effective therapeutic treatments have characterized the COVID-19 pandemic and the provision of drug products outside research settings has been controversial. International guidelines for providing patients with experimental interventions to treat infectious diseases outside of clinical trials exist but it is unclear if or how they should apply in settings where clinical trials and research are strongly regulated. We propose the Professional Oversight of Emergency-Use Interventions and Monitoring System (POEIMS) as an alternative pathway based on guidance developed for the ethical provision of experimental interventions to treat COVID-19 in Singapore. We support our proposal with justifications that establish moral duties for physicians to record outcomes data and for institutions to establish monitoring systems for reporting information on safety and effectiveness to the relevant authorities. Institutions also have a duty to support generation of evidence for what constitutes good clinical practice and so should ensure the unproven intervention is made the subject of research studies that can contribute to generalizable knowledge as soon as practical and that physicians remain committed to supporting learning health systems. We outline key differences between POEIMS and other pathways for the provision of experimental interventions in public health emergencies.
Emerging Disparities in Prevention and Survival Outcomes for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer and Recommendations for Health Equity
Authors: Salinas Manisha , Chintakuntlawar Ashish , Arasomwan Ivie , Eltahir Ahmed , Price Katharine A. R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this review is to describe less known and emerging disparities found in the prevention and survival outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) that are likely to play an increasingly important role in HNC outcomes and health inequities.

Recent Findings
The following factors contribute to HNC incidence and outcomes: (1) the effect of rurality on prevention and treatment of HNC, (2) dietary behavior and nutritional factors influencing the development of and survival from HNC, and (3) barriers and benefits of telehealth for patients with HNC.

Summary
Rurality, nutrition and diet, and telehealth usage and access are significant contributors to the existing health disparities associated with HNC. Population and culturally specific interventions are urgently needed as well as more research to further define the issues and develop appropriate population and individual level solutions.
Industrialized GMP Production of CD34+ Cells (ProtheraCytes®) at Clinical Scale for Treatment of Ischemic Cardiac Diseases Is Feasible and Safe
Authors: Hénon Philippe , Kowalczyk Marc , Aries Anne , Vignon Christine , Trébuchet Guillaume , Lahlil Rachid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegenerative medicine now needs to pass a crucial turning point, from academic research to the market. Several sources/types of cells have been experimented with, more or less successfully. CD34+ cells have demonstrated multipotent or even pluripotent capacities, making them good candidates for regenerative medicine, particularly for treating heart diseases. Strongly encouraged by the results we achieved in a pilot study using CD34+ stem cells in patients with poor-prognosis acute myocardial infarcts (AMIs), we soon began the development of an industrialized platform making use of a closed automated device (StemXpand®) and a disposable kit (StemPack®) for the large-scale expansion of CD34+ cells with reproducible good manufacturing practice (GMP). This scalable platform can produce expanded CD34+ cells (ProtheraCytes®) of sufficient quality that, interestingly, express early markers of the cardiac and endothelial pathways and early cardiac-mesoderm markers. They also contain CD34+ pluripotent cells characterized as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), capable of differentiating under appropriate stimuli into different tissue lineages, including endothelial and cardiomyocytic ones.
Gender equality and artificial intelligence in Europe. Addressing direct and indirect impacts of algorithms on gender-based discrimination
Authors: Lütz Fabian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article assesses whether current European law sufficiently captures gender-based biases and algorithmic discrimination in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and provides a short analysis of a draft EU legislative proposal, the Artificial Intelligence Act. To this end, current trends and uses of algorithms with potential impacts on gender will be analysed through the lens of direct and indirect impacts for gender equality law, highlighting the implications for European gender equality enforcement. This article concludes that legislative and accompanying policy measures are necessary to ensure an effective gender equality policy and to avoid algorithmic discrimination.
Agony of choice—selecting chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment in 2022
Authors: Bohn Jan-Paul 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has undergone profound change in recent years. Targeted therapies have outnumbered chemotherapy-based treatment approaches demonstrating superior efficacy and tolerability profiles across nearly all CLL patient subgroups in the frontline and relapsed disease treatment setting. Individual selection of these novel agents is rather driven by patients’ comorbidities and personal preferences than fitness and age. Given the high amount of currently licensed novel agents in both treatment-naïve as well as relapsed CLL patients and currently limited evidence from comparative clinical trials, clinicians sometimes appear spoilt for choice when selecting optimal therapy. This short review discusses recent clinical trial data focusing on treatment with targeted drugs and aims to help guide CLL treatment selection in individual patients.
Neutrophile Dermatosen: ein manchmal unterschätztes Erkrankungsspektrum
Authors: Drach Mathias 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungNeutrophile Dermatosen bilden ein breites Spektrum von Hauterkrankungen ab, welche von sehr häufig bis sehr selten reichen. Generell lässt sich sagen, dass Dermatosen aus diesem Formenkreis klinisch wie auch histologisch recht heterogen sind.
A Systematic Review of Experimental Work on Persuasive Social Robots
Authors: Liu Baisong , Tetteroo Daniel , Markopoulos Panos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a growing body of work reporting on experimental work on social robotics (SR) used for persuasive purposes. We report a comprehensive review on persuasive social robotics research with the aim to better inform their design, by summarizing literature on factors impacting their persuasiveness. From 54 papers, we extracted the SR’s design features evaluated in the studies and the evidence of their efficacy. We identified five main categories in the factors that were evaluated: modality, interaction, social character, context and persuasive strategies. Our literature review finds generally consistent effects for factors in modality, interaction and context, whereas more mixed results were shown for social character and persuasive strategies. This review further summarizes findings on interaction effects of multiple factors for the persuasiveness of social robots. Finally, based on the analysis of the papers reviewed, suggestions for factor expression design and evaluation, and the potential for using qualitative methods and more longer-term studies are discussed.
Mineral chemistry aspects of radioactive mineralization associated with Zr-, Nb-, and REE-bearing minerals from felsic dikes at Abu Hawis, North Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Gawad Ahmed E. Abdel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The exposed rocks in Abu Hawis area, North Eastern Desert (NED), Egypt, consist of tonalite-granodiorite and monzogranite, dissected by post-granite felsic (microgranite and rhyolite) and mafic (basaltic-andesite) dikes. The investigated radioactive minerals and Zr-, Nb-, and REE-bearing minerals were restricted to felsic dikes having E–W and NE–SW trends. Uraninite, uranothorite, and thorite occur as the main radioactive minerals in microgranite dikes, while thorite is represent in rhyolite dikes. Y2O3 and HREE are recorded in zircon crystals from rhyolite dikes whereas HREEs in zircon grains from microgranite dikes are below detection limit. Zircon crystals from microgranite dikes contain high values of HfO2 with up to 9.08 wt % owing to the effect of hydrothermal activity. Columbite from microgranite dikes has Ta/(Ta + Nb) and Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratios ranging between 0.0052–0.0164 and 0.0549–0.7010, respectively, which point to manganocolumbite composition, except for two spots that show a ferrocolumbite composition. Fergusonite is recorded in microgranite dikes, with average values of Nb2O5, Y2O3, and HREE2O3 reaching 50.3, 22.93, and 17.68 wt%, respectively. Monazite is recorded in both microgranite and rhyolite dikes, with marked enrichment of ThO2, which reaches up to 12.52 wt% in the first one, while the total ΣLREE2O3 reached up to 68.5 wt% in the latter. Parisite and chevkinite are confined to rhyolite dikes with clear enrichment in LREE with averages ranging between 53.53 and 43.75 wt% ΣLREE2O3, respectively.
Anti-breast cancer effects of phytochemicals: primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Authors: Mazurakova Alena , Koklesova Lenka , Samec Marek , Kudela Erik , Kajo Karol , Skuciova Veronika , Csizmár Sandra Hurta , Mestanova Veronika , Pec Martin , Adamkov Marian , Al-Ishaq Raghad Khalid , Smejkal Karel , Giordano Frank A. , Büsselberg Dietrich , Biringer Kamil , Golubnitschaja Olga , Kubatka Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is actually the highest one among all cancers. Overall breast cancer management is associated with challenges considering risk assessment and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention of metastatic disease, appropriate treatment options, and cost-effectiveness of approaches applied. Accumulated research evidence indicates promising anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals protecting cells against malignant transformation, inhibiting carcinogenesis and metastatic spread, supporting immune system and increasing effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer therapies, among others. Molecular and sub-/cellular mechanisms are highly complex affecting several pathways considered potent targets for advanced diagnostics and cost-effective treatments. Demonstrated anti-cancer affects, therefore, are clinically relevant for improving individual outcomes and might be applicable to the primary (protection against initial cancer development), secondary (protection against potential metastatic disease development), and tertiary (towards cascading complications) care. However, a detailed data analysis is essential to adapt treatment algorithms to individuals’ and patients’ needs. Consequently, advanced concepts of patient stratification, predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatments tailored to the individualized patient profile are instrumental for the cost-effective application of natural anti-cancer substances to improve overall breast cancer management benefiting affected individuals and the society at large.
Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of the genus Erythroxylum
Authors: Lv Yulian , Tian Tian , Wang Yong-Jiang , Huang Jian-Ping , Huang Sheng-Xiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractErythroxylum P. Browne is the largest and most representative genus of Erythroxylaceae family. It contains approximately 230 species that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Some species in this genus, such as E.monogynum and E.coca, have been used as folk medicines in India or South America for a long history. It is well known that Erythroxylum plants are rich in tropane alkaloids, and the representative member cocaine shows remarkable activity in human central nervous system. However, many other types of active compounds have also been found in Erythroxylum along with the broadening and deepening of phytochemical research. To date, a total of 383 compounds from Erythroxylum have been reported, among which only 186 tropane alkaloids have been reviewed in 2010. In this review, we summarized all remained 197 compounds characterized from 53 Erythroxylum species from 1960 to 2021, which include diterpenes, triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other derivates, providing a comprehensive overview of phytoconstituents profile of Erythroxylum plants. In addition, the biological activities of representative phytochemicals and crude extracts were also highlighted.
Graphical Abstract
Humanising health and social care: What do family members of people with a severe acquired brain injury value most in service provision
Authors: Holloway Mark , Ellis-Hill Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Family members living with relatives with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) face many challenges. Although this is recognised, service provision in the UK is poor and needs development.Method:In order to support innovative service delivery for family members, we reflect on the research carried out by the first author using a new perspective – a lifeworld humanising approach in order to consider (a) the dehumanising existential challenges facing family members of people living with severe ABI and (b) what family members most value in service delivery presented in humanising terms.Findings:Following ABI, family members may enter a parallel lifeworld (feeling separate from ‘usual’ life as it flows by) and face fundamental existential challenges of isolation, loss of agency, dislocation, loss of meaning and loss of personal journey. Family members have reported that service providers who are highly valued are those who act as ‘expert companions’. This role involves supporting families in some, if not all of the following (a) reaching across into the lifeworld of the family member and appreciating and validating what they are facing, (b) helping them make sense of their situation in terms which are meaningful to them and which they can explain to others, (c) through ABI expertise, supporting their relative through knowing their interests and needs and adapting the environment to suit these to help their relative to ‘settle’ and flourish, (d) supporting family members to share their life experiences – developing safe and trusting relationships, (e) having a humane, positive, creative and for some, a humorous approach, (f) being responsive to changing situations, (g) being available to call during times of worry or crisis and (h) help link with others and helpful networks.Discussion:It is suggested that the role and approach of companion may help family members regain some sense of their own life and their well-being.
Instabilities in the Bottom Boundary Layer Reduce Boundary Layer Arrest and Stir Boundary Layer Water Into the Stratified Interior
Authors: Pringle James M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn along‐isobath current in stratified waters leads to a bottom boundary layer. In models with no alongshore variation, cross‐isobath density transport in this bottom boundary layer reduce the velocity in the bottom boundary layer via thermal wind, and thus the bottom friction experienced by the current above the boundary layer—this is bottom‐boundary‐layer arrest. If, however, alongshore variation of the flow is allowed, the bottom boundary layer is baroclinically unstable. We show with high resolution numerical models that these instabilities reduce this arrest and allow bottom friction to decelerate the flow above the bottom boundary layer when the flow is in the Kelvin wave direction (so that the bottom Ekman transport is downwelling). Both the arrest of the bottom boundary layer and the release from this arrest are asymmetric; the friction experienced by flows in the direction of Kelvin‐wave propagation (downwave) is much greater than flows in the opposite direction. The strength of the near bottom currents, and thus the magnitude of bottom friction, is found to be governed by the destruction of potential vorticity near the bottom balanced by the offshore along‐isopycnal transport of this anomalous potential vorticity. A simple model of this process is created and used to quantify the magnitude of this effect and the resulting reduction of arrest of the bottom boundary layer.