bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Daily and Sub‐Daily Precipitation Statistics for Intense and Long‐Lived Storms in Global Storm‐Resolving Models
Authors: Ma Hsi‐Yen , Klein Stephen A. , Lee Jiwoo , Ahn Min‐Seop , Tao Cheng , Gleckler Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDaily and sub‐daily precipitation statistics are investigated from three global model ensembles: (a) global storm‐resolving models (GSRMs) with typical horizontal resolutions of ∼4 km, (b) “high”‐resolution global models with typical resolutions of ∼50 km and (c) “standard”‐resolution global models with typical resolutions of ∼100 km. Compared to two satellite rainfall datasets, GSRMs convincingly exhibit superior performance for statistics of heavier rain rate events including their diurnal cycle, spatial propagation and the amount contributed by intense precipitation, but not for statistics of weaker or shorter duration precipitation. Both high‐ and standard‐resolution models fail to simulate the correct phase and amplitude of diurnal cycle of precipitation and the propagating convection in the Central US, but high‐resolution models show relative improvement in the distribution of precipitation frequency and amount, especially for intense precipitation.
Deep Cycle Turbulence in Atlantic and Pacific Cold Tongues
Authors: Moum James N. , Hughes Kenneth G. , Shroyer Emily L. , Smyth William D. , Cherian Deepak , Warner Sally J. , Bourlès Bernard , Brandt Peter , Dengler Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiyear turbulence measurements from oceanographic moorings in equatorial Atlantic and Pacific cold tongues reveal similarities in deep cycle turbulence (DCT) beneath the mixed layer (ML) and above the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) core. Diurnal composites of turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate, ϵ, clearly show the diurnal cycles of turbulence beneath the ML in both cold tongues. Despite differences in surface forcing, EUC strength and core depth DCT occurs, and is consistent in amplitude and timing, at all three sites. Time‐mean values of ϵ at 30 m depth are nearly identical at all three sites. Variations of averaged values of ϵ in the deep cycle layer below 30 m range to a factor of 10 between sites. A proposed scaling in depth that isolates the deep cycle layers and of ϵ by the product of wind stress and current shear collapses vertical profiles at all sites to within a factor of 2.
An Empirical Evaluation of Turbulence Closure Models in the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Savelyev I. B. , Martin P. J. , Fan Y. , Savidge D. K. , Shearman R. K. , Haack T. , de Paolo T. , Terrill E. J. , Wang Q. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive in situ data set was obtained for the purpose of testing upper ocean turbulence models. The data set was collected in 38 m deep water over the North Carolina shelf. Available time series of surface meteorological forcing, including waves, winds, and heat fluxes, as well as underwater profiles of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocity, were found suitable for constraining and testing numerical models in realistic environmental scenarios of the coastal ocean. The Navy Coastal Ocean Model was tested in a vertical 1‐D mode with a suite of previously incorporated subgrid turbulence closure models. Modeled output of turbulent quantities, such as the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, were evaluated against comparable turbulence observations from a bottom mounted acoustic velocity profiler and a glider mounted turbulent shear probe. The results demonstrate a steady incremental skill increase among available turbulence closure models over several decades of their development, however the correlation with observed turbulence remains weak. The analysis of remaining model errors identified a need to add wave‐dependence to the air‐sea momentum flux formulation to account for waves that are out of balance or misaligned with the wind.
Modulation of Wintertime Canopy Urban Heat Island (CUHI) Intensity in Beijing by Synoptic Weather Pattern in Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Guo Min , Ren Guoyu , Liu Shuhong , Zong Lian , Zhang Yanhao , Zheng Zuofang , Miao Yucong , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudying the spatiotemporal variations of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and its cause is important towards understanding urban climate change, planning and green development, and disaster mitigation. In this paper, by using surface observations and reanalysis data with objective classification of synoptic weather patterns (SWPs), we analyze the associations between canopy UHI intensity (CUHI) and SWPs in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and their potential drivers during wintertime of the period 2012–2017. Six dominant types of SWP are identified as follows: In the case of Types 3, 4, and 6, weak high‐pressure systems exist to the south of Beijing, resulting in weak southerly winds with low PBL height, large cloud coverage and high relative humidity (RH). These conditions are generally conducive to a strengthening of the CUHII. In contrast, under Types 1, 2, and 5, high‐pressure systems are located to the northwest of Beijing, and the associated strong northwesterly flows of dry and cold air strengthen the boundary layer mixing process, resulting in large wind speed and low RH. This is conducive to a weakening of the CUHII. In general, our work reveals the impacts of SWPs on the strength of CUHII mainly via the modulation of local weather conditions at diurnal and interannual scales, while spatial pattern of CUHII is largely dominated by local climate zones. Our findings have implications for CUHII forecasts, as well as impact assessments and policymaking in the context of UHI‐related energy conservation in winter over high‐density urban areas on the synoptic scale.
The Heavy Particulate Matter Pollution During the COVID‐19 Lockdown Period in the Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Li Xia , Bei Naifang , Wu Jiarui , Liu Suixin , Wang Qiyuan , Tian Jie , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Li Guohui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNationwide restrictions on human activities (lockdown) in China since 23 January 2020, to control the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID‐19), has provided an opportunity to evaluate the effect of emission mitigation on particulate matter (PM) pollution. The WRF‐Chem simulations of persistent heavy PM pollution episodes from 20 January to 14 February 2020, in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), northwest China, reveal that large‐scale emission reduction of primary pollutants has not substantially improved the air quality during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Simultaneous reduction of primary precursors during the lockdown period only decreases the near‐surface PM2.5 mass concentration by 11.6% (12.6 μg m−3), but increases ozone (O3) concentration by 9.2% (5.5 μg m−3) in the GZB. The primary organic aerosol and nitrate are the major contributor to the decreased PM2.5 in the GZB, with the reduction of 28.0% and 21.8%, respectively, followed by EC (10.1%) and ammonium (7.2%). The increased atmospheric oxidizing capacity by the O3 enhancement facilitates the secondary aerosol (SA) formation in the GZB, increasing secondary organic aerosol and sulphate by 6.5% and 3.3%, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments suggest that combined emission reduction of NOX and VOCs following the ratio of 1:1 is conducive to lowering the wintertime SA and O3 concentration and further alleviating the PM pollution in the GZB.
Absorbing Aerosol Choices Influences Precipitation Changes Across Future Scenarios
Authors: McCoy Isabel L. , Vogt Mika A. , Wood Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFuture precipitation changes are controlled by the atmospheric energy budget, with temperature, water vapor, and absorbing aerosols playing dominant roles in driving radiative changes. Atmospheric energy budgets are calculated for different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways using ScenarioMIP projections from Phase 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project and are used to quantify the influence of 21st century aerosol cleanup on precipitation. Absorbing aerosol influences on shortwave absorption are isolated from the effects of water vapor. Apparent hydrologic sensitivity is ∼40% higher for the Middle of the Road (SSP2‐4.5) scenario with aerosol cleanup than for the Regional Rivalry (SSP3‐7.0) scenario that maintains aerosol. Regionally, cleanup‐induced changes in the atmospheric energy budget are of a similar magnitude to the precipitation increases themselves and are larger than the influence of changes in atmospheric circulation. Policy choices about future absorbing aerosol emissions will therefore have major impacts on global and regional precipitation changes.
Upstream Propagation of Sea‐Level Signals in Fluvio‐Deltaic Environments: Time‐Lags and the Dynamics of the Fluvial Surface
Authors: Kollegger M. , Lorenzo‐Trueba J. , Fernandes A. M. , Singh A. , Abeyta A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStratigraphic interpretation generally relies upon the assumption that the fluvio‐deltaic surface responds uniformly to sea‐level changes; however, recent theoretical work suggests that changes in its relief and concavity can influence the propagation of sea‐level information upstream and result in geologically long‐lived lags in the system response. We test this theoretical result using measurements from a experimental delta subject to high and low magnitude sea‐level oscillations. In both cases, changes in relief and curvature of the fluvio‐deltaic profile result in the proximal portion of the profile being out of phase with respect to sea‐level cycles, whereas the nearshore regions remain in phase. These results underscore the importance of delayed response to sea‐level variations in the upstream portion of river deltas, often resulting in net erosion during sea‐level rise and potentially complicating the reconstruction of paleo sea‐level from deltaic deposits.
On the Seasonal Cycle of the Statistical Properties of Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Isern‐Fontanet J. , Capet X. , Turiel A. , Olmedo E. , González‐Haro C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contribution of ocean fronts to the properties and temporal evolution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) structure functions have been investigated using a numerical model of the California Current system. First, the intensity of fronts have been quantified by using singularity exponents. Then, leaning on the multifractal theory of turbulence, we show that the departure of the scaling of the structure functions from a straight line, known as anomalous scaling, depends on the intensity of the strongest fronts. These fronts, at their turn, are closely related to the seasonal change of intensity of the coastal upwelling characteristics of this area. Our study points to the need to correctly reproduce the intensity of the strongest fronts and, consequently, properly model processes such as coastal upwelling in order to reproduce SST statistics in ocean models.
On the North‐South Asymmetry of Co‐Seismic Ionospheric Disturbances During the 16 September 2015 Illapel M8.3 Earthquake
Authors: Meng Xing , Ravanelli Michela , Komjathy Attila , Verkhoglyadova Olga P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Mw8.3 Illapel earthquake on 16 September 2015 induced ionospheric disturbances detected by Global Positioning System ground‐based total electron content (TEC) observations, which display much stronger TEC perturbations above the northern region of the epicenter than above the southern region. To investigate the cause of the asymmetry, we extend the Wave Perturbation—Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model from using a point source representing the epicentral crustal movement to using an extended source including the ground motion caused by propagating seismic waves. The modeling results reveal that on average, 31% of the north‐south asymmetry in the TEC perturbation magnitude is caused by the different ground motion strengths northward and southward of the epicenter, while the remaining 69% is attributed to the background ionospheric state including the magnetic field. In particular, the spatial variation of the background electron density and the magnetic field inclination angle contributes comparably to the north‐south asymmetry.
Neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practices in neonatal congenital heart disease: a European survey
Authors: Feldmann Maria , Hagmann Cornelia , de Vries Linda , Disselhoff Vera , Pushparajah Kuberan , Logeswaran Thushiha , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , Knirsch Walter , Benders Manon , Counsell Serena , Reich Bettina , Latal Beatrice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment remain a concern in children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). A practice guideline on neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up in CHD patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is lacking. The aim of this survey was to systematically evaluate the current practice in centers across Europe.

Methods
An online-based structured survey was sent to pediatric cardiac surgical centers across Europe between April 2019 and June 2020. Results were summarized by descriptive statistics.

Results
Valid responses were received by 25 European centers, of which 23 completed the questionnaire to the last page. Near-infrared spectroscopy was the most commonly used neuromonitoring modality used in 64, 80, and 72% preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, respectively. Neuroimaging was most commonly performed by means of cranial ultrasound in 96 and 84% preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 72 and 44% preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively, but was predominantly reserved for clinically symptomatic patients (preoperatively 67%, postoperatively 64%). Neurodevelopmental follow-up was implemented in 40% of centers and planned in 24%.

Conclusions
Heterogeneity in perioperative neuromonitoring and neuroimaging practice in CHD in centers across Europe is large. The need for neurodevelopmental follow-up has been recognized. A clear practice guideline is urgently needed.

Impact

There is large heterogeneity in neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practices among European centers caring for neonates with complex congenital heart disease.

This study provides a systematic evaluation of the current neuromonitoring, neuroimaging, and neurodevelopmental follow-up practice in Europe.

The results of this survey may serve as the basis for developing a clear practice guideline that could help to early detect and prevent neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae in neonates with complex congenital heart disease.
Autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma patients with chronic kidney disease: a safe and effective option
Authors: Lazana I. , Floro L. , Christmas T. , Shah S. , Bramham K. , Cuthill K. , Bassett P. , Schey S. , Kazmi M. , Potter V. , Pagliuca A. , Streetly M. , Benjamin R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a frequent complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with adverse outcomes. The use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has improved disease outcomes, however, the safety and efficacy of ASCT in patients with CKD has been the subject of debate. To investigate this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 370 MM patients who underwent their first ASCT, including those with mild, moderate and severe CKD as well as normal renal function at the time of transplant. No significant difference in ASCT-related mortality, Progression-Free or Overall Survival was noted between the different renal function groups. A decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1-year of >8.79% was associated with poorer overall survival (p < 0.001). The results of this study show that ASCT is a safe and effective option for myeloma patients with CKD, including those on dialysis. Patients who demonstrate renal deterioration at 1-year post-transplant should be closely monitored as this is a predictor for poor survival.
Identification of a novel mechanism for reversal of doxorubicin-induced chemotherapy resistance by TXNIP in triple-negative breast cancer via promoting reactive oxygen-mediated DNA damage
Authors: Chen Yiting , Feng Xueping , Yuan Yuhao , Jiang Jiahui , Zhang Peihe , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiven that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks specific receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and cannot be treated with endocrine therapy, chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment. Drug resistance is reportedly the main obstacle to the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) in this patient population. Accordingly, screening molecules related to chemoresistance and studying their specific mechanisms has clinical significance for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a metabolism-related protein that plays a tumor suppressor role in various malignant tumors; however, the specific role of TXNIP in tumor chemoresistance has not been reported. In the present study, we explored the potential molecular mechanism of TXNIP in the chemoresistance of TNBC for the first time. The results showed that TXNIP inhibited the proliferation of TNBC drug-resistant cells and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TXNIP promoted the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accumulation of DNA damage caused by DOX and increased γ-H2AX levels in a time and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ROS scavenger pretreatment could block DNA damage induced by TXNIP and restore the resistance of TNBC resistant cells to DOX to a certain extent. In addition, we found that the small molecule c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 promoted TXNIP expression, increased ROS synthesis in cells, and could enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo when combined with DOX. These results indicated that c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 could induce TXNIP upregulation in TNBC drug-resistant cells, and the upregulated TXNIP increased the accumulation of ROS-dependent DNA damage, thereby decreasing chemotherapy resistance of TNBC. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of mediating drug resistance and provide a new drug combination strategy to overcome DOX resistance in TNBC.
Group-level stability but individual variability of neurocognitive status after awake resections of right frontal IDH-mutated glioma
Authors: Barberis Marion , Poisson Isabelle , Facque Valentine , Letrange Sophie , Prevost-Tarabon Cécile , Houdart Emmanuel , Froelich Sébastien , Levy Richard , Mandonnet Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAwake surgery for low-grade gliomas is currently considered the best procedure to improve the extent of resection and guarantee a "worth living life" for patients, meaning avoiding not only motor but also cognitive deficits. However, tumors located in the right hemisphere, especially in the right frontal lobe, are still rarely operated on in awake condition; one of the reasons possibly being that there is little information in the literature describing the rates and nature of long-lasting neuropsychological deficits following resection of right frontal glioma. To investigate long-term cognitive deficits after awake surgery in right frontal IDH-mutated glioma. We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of awake surgical resections between 2012 and 2020 for right frontal IDH-mutated glioma. We studied the patients' subjective complaints and objective neuropsychological evaluations, both before and after surgery. Our results were then put in perspective with the literature. Twenty surgical cases (including 5 cases of redo surgery) in eighteen patients (medium age: 42.5 [range 26–58]) were included in the study. The median preoperative volume was 37 cc; WHO grading was II, III and IV in 70%, 20%, and 10% of cases, respectively. Preoperatively, few patients had related subjective cognitive or behavioral impairment, while evaluations revealed mild deficits in 45% of cases, most often concerning executive functions, attention, working memory and speed processing. Immediate postoperative evaluations showed severe deficits of executive functions in 75% of cases but also attentional deficits (65%), spatial neglect (60%) and behavioral disturbances (apathy, aprosodia/amimia, emotional sensitivity, anosognosia). Four months after surgery, although psychometric z-scores were unchanged at the group level, individual evaluations showed a slight decrease of performance in 9/20 cases for at least one of the following domains: executive functions, speed processing, attention, semantic cognition, social cognition. Our results are generally consistent with those of the literature, confirming that the right frontal lobe is a highly eloquent area and suggesting the importance of operating these patients in awake conditions.
Tissue resident memory T cells inhabit the deep human conjunctiva
Authors: Arnous Racha , Arshad Sana , Sandgren Kerrie , Cunningham Anthony L. , Carnt Nicole , White Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMucosal linings of the body, including the conjunctiva, are enriched in tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) whose defining feature is their continual tissue protection that does not rely on migration to lymphoid organs to elicit immune responses. Hitherto, conjunctival TRMs have only been identified in the superficial epithelium. This work aims to develop a more complete understanding of the conjunctival immunological capacity by investigating the presence of TRMs within the deeper, more stable layers of the healthy human conjunctiva. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD69 and HLA-DR on bulbar conjunctival biopsies obtained from 7 healthy adults (age range = 32–77 years; females = 4), we identified CD69+TRM subsets in all layers of the human conjunctiva: the superficial epithelium, the basal epithelium, the adenoid, and the fibrous layers. Interestingly, the adenoid layer showed significantly higher densities of both CD4 and CD8 TRMs when compared to the fibrous layer and conjunctival epithelia. Additionally, CD4 TRMs predominated significantly over CD8 TRMs in the adenoid layer. The abundance of deep conjunctival CD69+TRMs within the healthy human may suggest the presence of defence mechanisms capable of inducing long-term immunogenic memory. Understanding this spatial distribution of conjunctival CD69+TRMs is essential to improving mucosal vaccine design.