bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple mortality risk prediction score for viper envenoming in India (VENOMS): A model development and validation study
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Maya , Saurabh Suman , Sagar Pramod , Bammigatti Chanaveerappa , Dutta Tarun Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Background
Snakebite is a neglected problem with a high mortality in India. There are no simple clinical prognostic tools which can predict mortality in viper envenomings. We aimed to develop and validate a mortality-risk prediction score for patients of viper envenoming from Southern India.

Methods
We used clinical predictors from a prospective cohort of 248 patients with syndromic diagnosis of viper envenoming and had a positive 20-minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT 20) from a tertiary-care hospital in Puducherry, India. We applied multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination approach. External validation of this score was done among 140 patients from the same centre and its performance was assessed with concordance statistic and calibration plots.

Findings
The final model termed VENOMS from the term “Viper ENvenOming Mortality Score included 7 admission clinical parameters (recorded in the first 48 hours after bite): presence of overt bleeding manifestations, presence of capillary leak syndrome, haemoglobin <10 g/dL, bite to antivenom administration time > 6.5 h, systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg, urine output <20 mL/h in 24 h and female gender. The lowest possible VENOMS score of 0 predicted an in-hospital mortality risk of 0.06% while highest score of 12 predicted a mortality of 99.1%. The model had a concordance statistic of 0·86 (95% CI 0·79–0·94) in the validation cohort. Calibration plots indicated good agreement of predicted and observed outcomes.

Conclusions
The VENOMS score is a good predictor of the mortality in viper envenoming in southern India where Russell’s viper envenoming burden is high. The score may have potential applications in triaging patients and guiding management after further validation.
First laboratory confirmation and sequencing of Zaire ebolavirus in Uganda following two independent introductions of cases from the 10th Ebola Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, June 2019
Authors: Nyakarahuka Luke , Mulei Sophia , Whitmer Shannon , Jackson Kyondo , Tumusiime Alex , Schuh Amy , Baluku Jimmy , Joyce Allison , Ocom Felix , Tusiime Jayne B. , Montgomery Joel M. , Balinandi Stephen , Lutwama Julius J. , Klena John D. , Shoemaker Trevor R. ,   on behalf of ‘Kasese EVD Outbreak Response Team’
Published: February 2022

Uganda established a domestic Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) testing capacity in 2010 in response to the increasing occurrence of filovirus outbreaks. In July 2018, the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 10th Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak and for the duration of the outbreak, the Ugandan Ministry of Health (MOH) initiated a national EVD preparedness stance. Almost one year later, on 10th June 2019, three family members who had contracted EVD in the DRC crossed into Uganda to seek medical treatment.
Samples were collected from all the suspected cases using internationally established biosafety protocols and submitted for VHF diagnostic testing at Uganda Virus Research Institute. All samples were initially tested by RT-PCR for ebolaviruses, marburgviruses, Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. Four people were identified as being positive for Zaire ebolavirus, marking the first report of Zaire ebolavirus in Uganda. In-country Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analysis was performed for the first time in Uganda, confirming the outbreak as imported from DRC at two different time point from different clades. This rapid response by the MoH, UVRI and partners led to the control of the outbreak and prevention of secondary virus transmission.
Neutrophil-dendritic cell interaction plays an important role in live attenuated Leishmania vaccine induced immunity
Authors: Bhattacharya Parna , Ismail Nevien , Saxena Ankit , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Dey Ranadhir , Oljuskin Timur , Akue Adovi , Takeda Kazuyo , Yu James , Karmakar Subir , Dagur Pradeep K. , McCoy John Philip , Nakhasi Hira L. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundNeutrophils are involved in the initial host responses to pathogens. Neutrophils can activate T cell responses either independently or through indirect involvement of Dendritic cells (DCs). Recently we have demonstrated direct neutrophil-T cell interactions that initiate adaptive immune responses following immunization with live attenuatedLeishmania donovanicentrin deleted parasite vaccine (LdCen-/-). However, neutrophil-DC interactions in T cell priming in vaccine immunity in general are not known. In this study we evaluated the interaction between neutrophils and DCs duringLdCen-/-infection and compared with wild type parasite (LdWT)bothin vitroandin vivo.Methodology/findingsLdCen-/-parasite induced increased expression of CCL3 in neutrophils caused higher recruitment of DCs capable of inducing a strong proinflammatory response and elevated co-stimulatory molecule expression compared toLdWTinfection. To further illustrate neutrophil-DCs interactionsin vivo, we infected LYS-eGFP mice with red fluorescentLdWT/LdCen-/-parasites and sort selected DCs that engulfed the neutrophil containing parasites or DCs that acquired the parasites directly in the ear draining lymph nodes (dLN) 5d post infection. The DCs predominantly acquired the parasites by phagocytosing infected neutrophils. Specifically, DCs containingLdCen-/-parasitized neutrophils exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype, increased expression of costimulatory molecules and initiated higher CD4+T cell primingex-vivo. Notably, potent DC activation occurred whenLdCen-/-parasites were acquired indirectly via engulfment of parasitized neutrophils compared to direct engulfment ofLdCen-/-parasites by DCs. Neutrophil depletion inLdCen-/-infected mice significantly abrogated expression of CCL3 resulting in decreased DC recruitment in ear dLN. This event led to poor CD4+Th1 cell primingex vivothat correlated with attenuated Tbet expression in ear dLN derived CD4+T cellsin vivo.ConclusionsCollectively,LdCen-/-containing neutrophils phagocytized by DC markedly influence the phenotype and antigen presenting capacity of DCs early on and thus play an immune-regulatory role in shaping vaccine induced host protective response.
Maternal and infant morbidity following administration of repeat dexamethasone or betamethasone prior to preterm birth: A secondary analysis of the ASTEROID Trial
Authors: Hofer Olivia J. , Harding Jane E. , Tran Thach , Crowther Caroline A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Clinical practice guidelines recommend administering antenatal corticosteroids (ACS), either betamethasone or dexamethasone, to women at risk of preterm birth at less than 35 weeks’ gestation. If women remain at risk of preterm birth seven or more days after an initial course of ACS, most guidelines recommend administration of a repeat dose(s). No randomised trials have assessed the efficacy of dexamethasone as a repeat steroid compared to betamethasone.

Aim
We aimed to determine if there were differences between the use of dexamethasone or betamethasone as repeat ACS, for women who remain at risk of preterm birth after an initial course, on maternal, infant, and childhood health outcomes.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of data from the ASTEROID randomised trial, where women at risk of preterm birth were allocated to either betamethasone or dexamethasone. Infant, childhood, and maternal outcomes were compared according to whether women received a repeat dose(s) of dexamethasone or betamethasone. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or any neurosensory disability at age two years (corrected for prematurity). The ASTEROID trial is registered with ANZCTR, ACTRN12608000631303.

Results
168 women and their infants were included, with 86 women receiving dexamethasone and 82 women receiving betamethasone as a repeat dose. Women in the two ACS groups had similar baseline characteristics. We observed little to no difference in the incidence of death or any neurosensory disability at age two years (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.06, p = 0.79) or in the incidence of other infant, childhood, and maternal adverse health outcomes between women who received dexamethasone and those who received betamethasone.

Conclusion
Use of dexamethasone for a repeat dose(s) compared to betamethasone did not result in any differences in infant, childhood, and maternal health outcomes. These results can be used to support clinical practice guideline recommendations.
COVID-19 vaccination experience among United States dental professionals and students: Safety, confidence, concerns, and side effects
Authors: Bsoul Enas A. , Loomer Peter M. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination experience among United States-based dental professionals and students: to understand their beliefs, concerns, safety and confidence levels, and side effects experienced after vaccination; striving to boost vaccination acceptability to curtail the pandemic.

Methods
An observational survey study approved by The University of Texas Health San Antonio Institutional Review Board was distributed to members of the School of Dentistry community using Qualtrics XM software. The survey was completed anonymously. Data were analyzed using R statistical computing software, χ2 test and Fisher’s Exact test.

Results
Over 80% of all participants felt moderately to very safe working after the COVID-19 vaccine was made available, and more than 75% were moderately to very confident that the vaccine can protect them during the pandemic. At least 35% were moderately to very concerned about immediate and long-term side effects of the vaccine; despite the concerns, 94% received the vaccine. Side effects were more common after the second dose of the vaccine. Most common side effects were injection site pain, and general side effects of fatigue/tiredness, headache, muscle/body ache, and chills/fever. 74% reported no effect of the vaccine on daily activities, and the severity of side effects no worse than mild (about 60%).

Conclusions
Majority of the participants felt safe and confident that the vaccine would protect them against COVID-19 infection. Sharing these findings and reliable information that the vaccine is safe and effective is paramount to fostering the vaccine uptake and curtailing the pandemic.

Practical implications
Findings of this study demonstrated the confidence of the UT Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry community that the benefits of the vaccines greatly outweigh the risks; boosting the vaccination acceptance while creating a COVID-19 free environment both for the academic dental setting and the community it serves.
KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN INDEKS GLIKEMIK BUBUR AYAM BERBAHAN DASAR UBI JALAR (Ipomoea Batatas L)
Authors: Amirullah M. Fadil , Desfita Sri , Nurlisis Nurlisis , Ernalina Yanti 
Published: February 2022

Diabetes militus (DM) adalah keadaan hiperglikemik yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan insulin yang dihasilkan sel beta pangkreas sehingga menimbulkan kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein,dan lemak. Pangan dengan indeks glikemik (IG) tinggi mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien DM, dimana pasien DM yang mengkonsumsi pangan indeks glikemik tinggi memiliki kadar glukosa darah yang tinggi. Saat ini bubur ayam menjadi makanan yang disukai oleh masyarakat umum, bagi penderita diabetes makanan itu tidak sepenuhnya bisa dinikmati dikarenakan kandungan IG dari beras 58 lebih tinggi dari pada ubi jalar yaitu 48. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan indeks glikemik yang terkandung pada bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperiment dengan jumlah subjek 8 orang Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa indeks glikemik bubur ayam berbahan ubi jalar dengan mengunakan pangan roti tawar putih menunjukan bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar memiliki indeks glikemik 107, 36% termasuk dalm kategori indeks glikemik tinggi 70%. Komposisi zat gizi pada bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar yang diteliti yaitu protein 4,42 gram, lemak 1,30 gram, kharbohidrat 11,90 gram, serat 1,23 gram. Untuk para penderita diabetes ataupun prediabetes untuk tidak berlebihan dalam mengkonsumsi makanan yang bebahan dasar bubur, namun jika ingin memakan bubur juga diharapkan agar dapat mengkonsumsi dengan serat yang tinggi untuk menjaga kestabilan gula darah.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI DAN MPASI DENGAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN GIZI BADUTA PADA KELUARGA NELAYAN
Authors: Kardyanti Novi , Suyatno Suyatno , Kartasurya Martha Irene 
Published: February 2022

Praktik pemberian ASI dan MPASI perlu memperhatikan kualitas dan kuantitas yang sesuai agar asupan zat gizi baduta terpenuhi secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan pemberian ASI dan MPASI dengan tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE) dan protein (TKP) baduta usia 6-24 bulan di desa nelayan Kabupaten Demak. Jenis penelitian explanatory research ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian (61 orang) dipilih secara purposive, menggunakan kriteria inklusi: masih diberi ASI, memiliki ayah nelayan serta tidak cacat fisik dan mental. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Rank spearman, dan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata frekuensi pemberian ASI usia 6-12 bulan 9,1 kali/hari dan 12-24 bulan 6,9 kali/hari. Rerata durasi pemberian ASI 122,5 menit/hari. Baduta dengan pemberian MPASI lokal 65,6%, tekstur MPASI yang kurang sesuai 37,7%, rerata TKE 82,7%, kontribusi energi ASI 47,4%, kontribusi energi MPASI 40,5%, TKP 115,3%, kontribusi protein ASI 46,8%, kontribusi protein MPASI 84,5%. Ada hubungan antara frekuensi (p=0,008, r=0,336) dan durasi (p=0,001, r=0,412) pemberian ASI dengan TKE Baduta, tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan TKP baduta. Ada hubungan frekuensi pemberian MPASI (p=0,006, r=0,351) dan jenis MPASI (p=0,043) terhadap TKP Baduta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambah usia baduta semakin sedikit kandungan zat gizi yang di peroleh dari ASI, sehingga pemberian MPASI perlu diperhatikan baik dari frekuensi dan jenis MPASI yang diberikan.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA PENEMPATAN TUGAS DAN FUNGSI KERJA DI UPT PUSKESMAS SERING
Authors: Gurning Fitriani Pramita , Al Wafi Lubis Muhammad Zayyan , Hasibuan Nurhabibah Rohayati , Adeliyani Mega 
Published: February 2022

Salah satu sumber daya yang penting dalam manajemen adalah sumber daya manusia atau human resources. Pentingnya sumber daya manusia ini, perlu disadari oleh semua tingkatan manajemen. Bagaimanapun majunya teknologi saat ini, namun faktor manusia tetap memegang peranan penting bagi keberhasilan suatu Puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen SDM pada perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian terhadap penempatan tugas dan fungsi kerja petugas di UPT Puskesmas Sering. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kualitatif yaitu pengamatan, wawancara mendalam (indepthinterview) dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia pada penempatan kerja di UPTD Puskesmas Sering belum maksimal dikarnakan masih kekurangan tenaga kesehatan yang mengakibatkan penempatan kerja yang tidak sesuai disiplin ilmu. Perlu mengatur kembali sumber daya manusia kesehatan yang sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsi Perlu segera dilakukan pelatihan untuk manajemen puskesmas secara berkala dan berkesinambungan agar sistem manajemen sumber daya manusia kesehatan di puskesmas lebih baik.
Covalent fragment-based ligand screening approaches for identification of novel ubiquitin proteasome system modulators
Authors: Rothweiler Elisabeth M. , Brennan Paul E. , Huber Kilian V. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key regulatory mechanism vital for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Protein degradation is induced by E3 ligases via attachment of ubiquitin chains to substrates. Pharmacological exploitation of this phenomenon via targeted protein degradation (TPD) can be achieved with molecular glues or bifunctional molecules facilitating the formation of ternary complexes between an E3 ligase and a given protein of interest (POI), resulting in ubiquitination of the substrate and subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. Recently, the development of novel covalent fragment screening approaches has enabled the identification of first-in-class ligands for E3 ligases and deubiquitinases revealing so far unexplored binding sites which highlights the potential of these methods to uncover and expand druggable space for new target classes.
Effect of surface roughness on the kinetics of mass transfer during gas carburizing *
Authors: Karabelchtchikova O. , Brown A. , Sisson R. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Despite its worldwide application, gas carburizing faces certain challenges in control and variability. No current carburization model accounts for the effect of surface roughness and is able to predict observed case depth variations. An investigation of the effect of surface roughness on gas carburizing performance, with the aim of developing a functional relationship between surface roughness and the mass transfer coefficient, is reported. A further objective was to model surface roughness effects on the carbon concentration profile and corresponding case depth variations. A scanning laser microscope was used to measure 3D roughness parameters and surface area of AISI 8620 steel samples subject to various surface preparation operations. Carburizing response was analyzed in terms of weight gain, microhardness and carbon concentration profiles. The weight gain and surface carbon concentration were used to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. The carburizing kinetics was found to be directly proportional to the surface roughness and was a function of surface area available for carbon transfer. The calculated mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer coefficients from the literature were used as input to the carburization model. Experimentally determined concentration profiles validated the model prediction. It is included that the model can be used to estimate initial surface conditions to improve carburizing performance and for effective process control. ▪
Pengaruh Penambahan Bioaktivator Terhadap Peningkatan Unsur Hara Pupuk Kandang Dan Aplikasinya Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Salak Pascaerupsi Merapi
Authors: Achmad Chusnul Adib 
Published: February 2022

The volcanic ash resulting from the eruption of Merapi Mount entered the pore space of the soil and affected the growth of salak plants. Post-eruption repair and recovery efforts must be carried out immediately through the use of manure with the addition of bio activators. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of adding different bio activators on the increase in the nutrient content of manure and zalacca plant growth and to determine the types of bio activators that can increase nutrient content and growth of salak pondok plants. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). With a single factor, namely the difference in manure bio activators consisting of three levels, namely: manure with bio activator EM4, manure with bio activator Orgadec, and manure without bio activator. The results showed that manure with bio activator EM4 produced the highest nutrient content, including nitrogen at 1.14%, phosphate by 4.20%, and potassium at 0.74%. Manure with the addition of bio activator EM4 resulted in the lowest C / N ratio value of 8.33 and a pH value of 7.70. Measurement of plant height growth research parameters showed significantly different results. The results of measurements on the plant dry weight were not significantly different in the control and bio activator EM treatments
Keywords: Keyword : manure nutrient, soil nutrient, bioactivator, hara pupuk kandang, hara tanah, bioaktivator

Debu vulkanik akibat erupsi Gunung Merapi masuk ke dalam pori-pori tanah dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman salak. Upaya perbaikan dan pemulihan pasca erupsi harus segera dilakukan melalui penggunaan pupuk kandang dengan penambahan bio activator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan berbagai bio aktivator terhadap peningkatan kandungan hara pupuk kandang dan pertumbuhan tanaman salak serta untuk mengetahui jenis bio aktivator yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara dan pertumbuhan tanaman salak pondok. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dengan faktor tunggal yaitu perbedaan bio activator pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu: pupuk kandang dengan bio activator EM4, pupuk kandang dengan bio activator Orgadec, dan pupuk kandang tanpa bio activator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk kandang dengan bio activator EM4 menghasilkan kandungan hara tertinggi, meliputi nitrogen 1,14%, fosfat 4,20%, dan kalium 0,74%. Pupuk kandang dengan penambahan bio aktivator EM4 menghasilkan nilai rasio C / N terendah sebesar 8,33 dan nilai pH 7,70. Pengukuran parameter penelitian pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Hasil pengukuran bobot kering tanaman tidak berbeda nyata pada perlakuan kontrol dan bio aktivator EM
Keywords: Keyword : manure nutrient, soil nutrient, bioactivator, hara pupuk kandang, hara tanah, bioaktivator
Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Simpanan Karbon Hutan Mangrove, Mangunharjo, Semarang
Authors: Apriliana Wahyu Ika , Purwanti Frida , Latifah Nurul 
Published: February 2022

Mangrove forest is one of the coastal ecosystems that have a role for mitigating global warming in absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in the form of biomass. The aim of this research to know the content of biomass and carbon storage on the stems, carbon storage in sediments and estimation CO2 absorption of mangrove stems and sediment. This research was conducted in March 2021 in the Mangunharjo mangrove forest. The method used on this research is a survey method and using purposive samplimg to take samples in three research station by three plot transect. Analysis for the carbon storage in the stem using non-destructive method with allometric equations, while in the sediment using the LOI (Loss on Ignition) method. The result of biomass content and carbon storage in the mangrove stems 341,02 tons/ha and 156,87 tons/ha, carbon storage in the sediment 52,24 tons/ha and estimation CO2 absorption of mangrove stems and sediment based on carbon storage is 575,71 tons/ha, dan 191,73 tons/ha. Based on this research, the largest carbon storage and estimation CO2 absorption was on the stems of mangrove.

Hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu ekositem pesisir yang berperan dalam mitigasi pemanasan global dengan menyerap karbon dari atmosfer dan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada tegakan, nilai simpanan karbon pada sedimen serta estimasi kemampuan tegakan dan sedimen dalam menyerap CO2. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2021 di hutan mangrove, Mangunharjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel adalah purposive sampling yang dilakukan di 3 stasiun penelitian. Analisis untuk menghitung simpanan karbon di tegakan mangrove menggunakan metode non destructive dengan persaaman allometrik, sedangkan di sedimen menggunakan metode LOI (Loss on Ignition). Hasil nilai biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada tegakan mangrove yaitu 341,02 ton/ha, dan 156,87 ton/ha, simpanan karbon pada sedimen yaitu 52,24 ton/ha dan estimasi serapan CO2 pada tegakan dan sedimen berdasarkan simpanan karbon 575,71 ton/ha, dan 191,73 ton/ha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penyimpan karbon dan penyerap CO2 terbesar berada pada tegakan mangrove.