bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H1821+643: The Most X-Ray and Infrared Luminous Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) in the Swift/BAT Survey in the Process of Rapid Stellar and Supermassive Black Hole Mass Assembly
Authors: Fukuchi Hikaru , Ichikawa Kohei , Akiyama Masayuki , Ricci Claudio , Chon Sunmyon , Kokubo Mitsuru , Liu Ang , Hashimoto Takuya , Izumi Takuma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
H1821+643 is the most X-ray luminous nonbeamed active galactic nucleus (AGN) of L
14–150 keV = 5.2 × 1045 erg s−1 in the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) ultrahard X-ray survey, and it is also a hyperluminous infrared (IR) galaxy L
IR = 1013.2
L
⊙ residing in the center of a massive galaxy cluster, which is a unique environment achieving the rapid mass assembly of black holes (BH) and host galaxies in the local universe. We decompose the X-ray to IR spectral energy distribution (SED) into the AGN and starburst component using the SED-fitting tool CIGALE-2022.0 and show that H1821+643 consumes a large amount of cold gas (

M

̇

con

) with star formation rate of

log
(
SFR

/

M

⊙

yr

−
1

)
=
3.01
±
0.04

and BH accretion rate of

log
(

M

̇

BH

/

M

⊙

yr

−
1

)
=
1.20
±
0.05

. This high

M

̇

con

is larger than the cooling rate (

M

̇

cool

) of the intracluster medium,

M

̇

con

/

M

̇

cool

≳
1

, which is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the typical value of other systems, indicating that H1821+643 provides the unique and extreme environment of rapid gas consumption. We also show that H1821+643 has an efficient cooling path achieving from 107 to 102 K thanks to [O i] 63 μm, which is a main coolant in low temperature range (104 to 102 K) with a cooling rate of

M

̇

cool

=
3.2
×

10

5

M

⊙

yr

−
1

, and the star-forming region extends over 40 kpc scale.
Reclassifying Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts with Diverse Duration Distributions
Authors: Deng Q. , Zhang Z.-B. , Li X.-J. , Chang H.-Y. , Zhang X.-L. , Zhen H.-Y. , Sun H. , Pan Q. , Dong X.-F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We select the largest sample of Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) so far to reexamine the classification in terms of time duration, hardness ratio, and physical collapse model. To analyze the sample selection effect, we divide the observed Swift GRB sample into four subsamples according to signal-to-noise level, spectral quality, and extended emission. First, we find that only the sample of Swift GRBs with well-measured peak energy can be evidently divided into two types at a boundary of ∼1 s, and other data sets are well described by three Gaussian functions. Using Swift GRBs with known redshift, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test shows the intrinsic duration distributions of five data sets are equally distributed. Second, we ascertain in the plane of hardness ratio versus duration that the hardness ratio of short GRBs is significantly higher than those of middle classes and long GRBs, while the latter two components are the same in statistics, implying the so-called middle class to be artificial. Third, we apply a collapse model to discriminate the boundaries between collapse and noncollapse Swift bursts. It is interesting to find that a significant fraction, ≥30%, of Swift short GRBs could have originated from the collapsing progenitors, while all long GRBs are produced from the collapsars only. Finally, we point out that short GRBs with extended emission are the main contributors to the noncollapsar population with longer duration.
Investigating the Effect of Galaxy Interactions on Star Formation at 0.5 < z < 3.0
Authors: Shah Ekta A. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Magagnoli Christina T. , Cox Isabella G. , Wetherell Caleb T. , Vanderhoof Brittany N. , Cooke Kevin C. , Calabro Antonello , Chartab Nima , Conselice Christopher J. , Croton Darren J. , de la Vega Alexander , Hathi Nimish P. , Ilbert Olivier , Inami Hanae , Kocevski Dale D. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Lemaux Brian C. , Lubin Lori , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Marchesi Stefano , Martig Marie , Moreno Jorge , Pampliega Belen Alcalde , Patton David R. , Salvato Mara , Treister Ezequiel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Observations and simulations of interacting galaxies and mergers in the local universe have shown that interactions can significantly enhance the star formation rates (SFRs) and fueling of active galactic nuclei (AGN). However, at higher redshift, some simulations suggest that the level of star formation enhancement induced by interactions is lower due to the higher gas fractions and already increased SFRs in these galaxies. To test this, we measure the SFR enhancement in a total of 2351 (1327) massive (M
* > 1010
M
⊙) major (1 < M
1/M
2 < 4) spectroscopic galaxy pairs at 0.5 < z < 3.0 with ΔV < 5000 km s−1 (1000 km s−1) and projected separation <150 kpc selected from the extensive spectroscopic coverage in the COSMOS and CANDELS fields. We find that the highest level of SFR enhancement is a factor of

1.23

−
0.09

+
0.08

in the closest projected separation bin (<25 kpc) relative to a stellar mass-, redshift-, and environment-matched control sample of isolated galaxies. We find that the level of SFR enhancement is a factor of ∼1.5 higher at 0.5 < z < 1 than at 1 < z < 3 in the closest projected separation bin. Among a sample of visually identified mergers, we find an enhancement of a factor of

1.86

−
0.18

+
0.29

(∼3σ) for coalesced systems. For this visually identified sample, we see a clear trend of increased SFR enhancement with decreasing projected separation (2.40

−
0.37

+
0.62

versus

1.58

−
0.20

+
0.29

for 0.5 < z < 1.6 and 1.6 < z < 3.0, respectively). The SFR enhancements seen in our interactions and mergers are all lower than the level seen in local samples at the same separation, suggesting that the level of interaction-induced star formation evolves significantly over this time period.
Tracking Halo Orbits and Their Mass Evolution around Large-scale Filaments
Authors: Jhee Hannah , Song Hyunmi , Smith Rory , Shin Jihye , Park Inkyu , Laigle Clotilde 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have explored the dynamical and mass evolution of halos driven by large-scale filaments using a dark-matter-only cosmological simulation with the help of a phase-space analysis. Since a nonnegligible number of galaxies are expected to fall into the cluster environment through large-scale filaments, tracking how halos move around large-scale filaments can provide a more comprehensive view on the evolution of cluster galaxies. Halos exhibit orbital motions around filaments, which emerge as specific trajectories in a phase space composed of halos’ perpendicular distance and velocity component with respect to filaments. These phase-space trajectories can be represented by three cases according to their current states. We parameterize the trajectories with halos’ initial position and velocity, maximum velocity, formation time, and time since first crossing, which are found to be correlated with each other. These correlations are explained well in the context of the large-scale structure formation. The mass evolution and dynamical properties of halos seem to be affected by the density of filaments, which can be shown from the fact that halos around denser filaments are more likely to lose their mass and be bound within large-scale filaments. Finally, we reproduce the mass segregation trend around filaments found in observations. The mass segregation has been developed because halos that formed earlier approached filaments earlier, grew efficiently, and ended up being more massive. We also found that dynamical friction helps to retain this segregation trend.
GOALS-JWST: Hidden Star Formation and Extended PAH Emission in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy VV 114
Authors: Evans A. S. , Frayer D. T. , Charmandaris Vassilis , Armus Lee , Inami Hanae , Surace Jason , Linden Sean , Soifer B. T. , Diaz-Santos Tanio , Larson Kirsten L. , Rich Jeffrey A. , Song Yiqing , Barcos-Munoz Loreto , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Privon George C. , U Vivian , Medling Anne M. , Böker Torsten , Aalto Susanne , Iwasawa Kazushi , Howell Justin H. , van der Werf Paul , Appleton Philip , Bohn Thomas , Brown Michael J. I. , Hayward Christopher C. , Hoshioka Shunshi , Kemper Francisca , Lai Thomas , Law David , Malkan Matthew A. , Marshall Jason , Murphy Eric J. , Sanders David , Stierwalt Sabrina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) images of the luminous infrared (IR) galaxy VV 114 are presented. This redshift ∼0.020 merger has a western component (VV 114W) rich in optical star clusters and an eastern component (VV 114E) hosting a luminous mid-IR nucleus hidden at UV and optical wavelengths by dust lanes. With MIRI, the VV 114E nucleus resolves primarily into bright NE and SW cores separated by 630 pc. This nucleus comprises 45% of the 15 μm light of VV 114, with the NE and SW cores having IR luminosities, L
IR(8 − 1000 μm) ∼ 8 ± 0.8 × 1010
L
⊙ and ∼ 5 ± 0.5 × 1010
L
⊙, respectively, and IR densities, ΣIR ≳ 2 ± 0.2 × 1013
L
⊙ kpc−2 and ≳ 7 ± 0.7 × 1012
L
⊙ kpc−2, respectively—in the range of ΣIR for the Orion star-forming core and the nuclei of Arp 220. The NE core, previously speculated to have an active galactic nucleus (AGN), has starburst-like mid-IR colors. In contrast, the VV 114E SW core has AGN-like colors. Approximately 40 star-forming knots with L
IR ∼ 0.02–5 × 1010
L
⊙ are identified, 28% of which have no optical counterpart. Finally, diffuse emission accounts for 40%–60% of the mid-IR emission. Mostly notably, filamentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission stochastically excited by UV and optical photons accounts for half of the 7.7 μm light of VV 114. This study illustrates the ability of JWST to detect obscured compact activity and distributed PAH emission in the most extreme starburst galaxies in the local universe.
Musculoskeletal Surgery in Psoriatic Arthritis: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Kwok Timothy S.H. , Sutton Mitchell , Cook Richard J. , Pereira Daniel , Chandran Vinod , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveDespite medical therapy, damage occurs in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requiring musculoskeletal (MSK) surgery. We aimed to describe MSK surgery in patients with PsA and identify risk factors for undergoing first MSK surgery attributable to PsA.MethodsA single-center cohort identified patients with PsA fulfilling Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis who had MSK surgery between January 1978 and December 2019 inclusive. Charts were reviewed to confirm surgeries were MSK-related and attributable to PsA. Descriptive statistics determined MSK surgery prevalence and types. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated clinical variables for undergoing first MSK surgery using time-dependent covariates. Using a dataset with 1-to-1 matching on markers of PsA disease severity, a Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the effect of targeted therapies, namely biologics on time to first MSK surgery.ResultsOf 1574 patients, 185 patients had 379 MSK surgeries related to PsA. The total number of damaged joints (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03,P< 0.001), tender/swollen joints (HR 1.04,P= 0.01), presence of nail lesions (HR 2.08,P< 0.01), higher Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (HR 2.01,P< 0.001), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (HR 2.37,P= 0.02), and HLA-B27 positivity (HR 2.22,P= 0.048) were associated with increased risk of surgery, whereas higher Psoriasis Area Severity Index (HR 0.88,P< 0.002) conferred a protective effect in a multivariate model. The effect of biologics did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionMSK surgery attributable to PsA is not rare, affecting 11.8% of patients. Markers of cumulative disease activity and damage are associated with a greater risk of requiring surgery.
Le toucher maternel « gentle touch » : une invitation à une danse tactile ?
Authors: Rivas-Smits Cristina , Bertels Julie , McGlone Francis , Van Puyvelde Martine 
Published: November 2022

Les touchers « Gentle Touch Stimulation » (GTS) sont des touchers affectifs doux qui fournissent une stimulation optimale des afférents C-tactile (CT). De nombreuses recherches ont montré que cette sous-classe spécifique de nerfs non-myélinisés cutanés mécano-sensoriels joue un rôle dans la régulation physiologique du système nerveux autonome et dans le développement social du nourrisson. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner l’effet d’une intervention quotidienne de touchers GTS sur la fréquence et la durée des touchers GTS maternels lors du moment de réunion, après une procédure Still Face (SF). Pour répondre à cette interrogation, un groupe d’intervention (GTS) a été comparé à un groupe témoin (CTRL). Les nourrissons étaient âgés de 6 à 12 semaines. Les mesures ont été prises à deux reprises, espacées d’un mois. Nous avons effectué une micro-analyse seconde par seconde de trois types de touchers pendant le moment de réunion : (i) toucher GTS, (ii) contact physique et (iii) absence de contact physique. Nos résultats montraient qu’avec le temps la durée moyenne des touchers GTS devenait significativement plus courte dans les deux groupes et que cette durée semblait correspondre à la moyenne des moments présents. Les moments sans contact avaient diminué plus dans le groupe GTS que dans le groupe CTRL. De plus, la durée maximale de contacts physiques (non-GTS) devenait plus longue dans les deux groups. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le toucher GTS devient plus efficace avec le temps et par conséquent plus court en duration pour obtenir son effet régulateur. Nous offrons ainsi une réflexion autour du rôle que les touchers GTS pourraient jouer dans le développement de l’intersubjectivité en utilisant les théories des moments présents d’intersubjectivité de Stern.
Se mobiliser pour défendre un programme d’études : le cas des étudiants en droit de l’Université libre de Bruxelles (1835-1850)
Authors: Jottrand Maxime , De Brouwer Jérôme 
Published: November 2022

Au cours des quinze années qui forment, à la suite de la loi organique de l’enseignement supérieur du 27 septembre 1835, la période de « mise en place » de l’enseignement universitaire en Belgique, le gouvernement cherche à approfondir le programme d’examen des études juridiques. Cette décision génère un mouvement de contestation chez les étudiants en droit qui considèrent que le programme d’examen est déjà trop important. Afin de saisir les enjeux de cette mobilisation, l’objectif visé par la présente contribution est triple. Il s’agit d’identifier la nature des actions menées par ces étudiants, de comprendre la façon dont le mouvement se structure afin de porter leurs revendications auprès du gouvernement et enfin étudier la réception par ce dernier des demandes des étudiants. Dans ce cadre, notre regard se concentre plus particulièrement sur un groupe spécifique : les étudiants en droit de l’université de Bruxelles.
Low Dose and the Conventional Dose Of 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Produce Comparable Outcomes in the Lower Segment Caesarean Section. An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Santha Neeta 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine is an approved technique for lower segment cesarean sections. This study compared two different hyperbaric bupivacaine doses for spinal anesthesia in the lower segment cesarean section. We hypothesized that low-dose spinal anesthesia had similar outcomes as conventional doses of bupivacaine.

Methods:
This was a comparative observational study involving seventy healthy parturients who were posted for elective cesarean section. Patients were supposed to receive 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and were divided into groups, low dose (LB-1.8 ml) and conventional-dose (HB-2.2 ml) group. The extent of motor blockade, sensory blockade, hemodynamic effects, visual analog scale for pain, and patient satisfaction were measured. The data were analyzed using the median and interquartile range for all parameters. A statistical package SSPS version 25.0 was used to do the analysis.

Results:
Hemodynamic stability was well maintained in both groups. Almost 100% of the patients in both groups achieved a grade 3 motor blockade in 8 min. T6 level of sensory blockade was achieved in 6 min by 100% of the patients. The low-dose group made a faster recovery compared with the high-dose group.

Conclusion:
Low-dose spinal anesthesia can cause similar hemodynamic and analgesic effects as the conventional-dose group. The only benefit of low dose spinal as compared with conventional-dose group was faster recovery from the anesthetic effects.
Investigation and Comparison of the Effects of Two Probiotic Bacteria, and in Reducing Mutans Streptococci Levels in the Saliva of Children
Authors: Bolla Vijaya Lakshmi , Reddy Munnangi S. , Srinivas Namineni , Reddy Ch. Sampath , Koppolu Pradeep 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Probiotic organisms Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRU-87 and Bifidobacterium bifidum UBBB-55 were proven to be acting against the caries causing organisms.

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillusreuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum and their blend on Mutans streptococci count in the saliva of children, and also to appraise the sustainability of their action.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study with 60 subjects (15 in each group) in 6–14 years of age group. The children consumed curd containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (UBBB 55, MTCC 5398) and Lactobacillus reuteri (UBLRu 87, MTCC 5403), and their blend once daily for 14 days. The control group received curd with no Probiotic in it. The saliva samples were collected just before the curd (T0) administration to establish baseline levels of mutans streptococci and after a day of the final consumption of the curd (T14). The follow-up samples at 21 days (T21) and 28 days (T28) after the baseline were also collected to know the sustainability of action probiotics on mutans streptococci if any.

Results:
Statistically significant reduction of mutans streptococci is observed in the group administered with Lactobacillus reuteri and the effect lasted up to a minimum of 21 days. Mixed cultures are seemed to be not effective against the oral microorganisms.

Conclusions:
The probiotic organism Lactobacillus reuteri in Indian curd is effective on salivary mutans streptococci, and the effect was sustained for some period after the administration.
Clinicopathological Features, Risk Profile Assessment, and the Surgical Outcome of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Olanrewaju Samuel , Osinowo Adedapo Olumide , Abdulkareem Fatimah Biade , Ajayi Olugbenga O. , Atoyebi Oluwole Ayoola , Rocha-Afodu John Taiwo Da 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are most commonly found in the stomach. Most available reports on GISTs in the Sub-Sahara Africa were in case reports and case series.

Aim:
To report our local experience and challenges in the management of GISTs in 33 patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methodology:
This is a descriptive study of adult patients of 16 years and above managed for GISTs at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and some Lagos private hospital facilities between January 2015 and March 2021. Information on the patients' demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, surgery performed, and postoperative complications were retrieved from the hospital's medical records for analysis. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0., Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.

Results:
Thirty-three patients comprising 19 males and 14 females with a male: female ratio of 1.4:1 were included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 52.5 years. Abdominal pain (69.7%) and anemic symptoms (45.4%) were the principal modes of presentation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed stomach as the primary source of GISTs in 75.8% of patients. Forty-five percent of the patients had CT features of local organ invasion and 27.2% had features of metastasis. Surgical resection was feasible in 28 (84.8%) patients. Postoperative mortality was recorded in two patients with recurrent GISTs. Histological cell types were spindle cell (57.6%), mixed spindle and epithelioid (24.2%), and epithelioid (18.2%). Joensuu high-risk tumors (64. 3%) were the most prevalent in our series.

Conclusion:
Advanced-stage disease and features of anemia were hallmarks of GISTs among patients in this series. Surgical resection of GIST may be possible in some cases of advanced disease. Spindle cell types and high-risk GISTs were the most common pathological varieties in our patients.
Analysis of the Distance between Lingual Frenal Attachment and Mandibular Incisal Edge Position in Establishing Occlusal Plane in Three Different Races
Authors: Usman Jafar Abdulla Mohamed , Kesumo Arista , Shahari Nor Shazana Shahirah Binti Mohd 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
The orientation of the occlusal plane forms the basis for the arrangement of teeth conducive to satisfactory esthetics and function, making it one of the most important clinical procedures in prosthodontic rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze and compare the vertical distance between the anterior attachment of lingual frenum (AALF) and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors among three races in Malaysia.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 63 dentate subjects (21 Malays, 21 Chinese, and 21 Indians) who were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. Two models were made using irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, and an average of the value was obtained. Lingual frenum was recorded in function. Casts were fabricated with dental stone. AALF was marked and the vertical distance was measured using a caliper.

Results:
In Malays, the mean and standard deviation of the vertical distance were 14.2 ± 0.9 mm, with a range of 12.3–16.0 mm; in Chinese were 14.4 ± 0.9 mm, with a range of 12.0–16.9 mm; and in Indians were 15.1 ± 1.0 mm, with a range of 13.0–17.2 mm. The difference among the three races regarding the distance between AALF and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among the three races, Malays and Indians have the greatest mean difference.

Conclusion:
According to the results of the current study, the distance between AALF and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors might be a proper criterion for the initial adjustment of occlusal rims. The values obtained from three different races were significantly different from one another, hence a different range of values was used to establish occlusal height for different races.