bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TINGKAT ADOPSI PETANI DALAM PENANGKARAN BENIH PADI (Oryza sativa L) BERSERTIFIKAT PROGRAM DESA MANDIRI BENIH DI KALURAHAN TIMBULHARJO KAPANEWON SEWON BANTUL
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Wartapa Agus , Sukadi Sukadi 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and adoption rates of farmers towards certified rice seed breeding and the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and socio-economic status of farmers' households with farmers' adoption rates for certified rice seed breeding. The study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021. The method of determining the sample used was Proportional Random Sampling. Data were obtained from 30 rice farmers who participated in the Seed Mandiri Village (DMB) program in Timbulharjo Village. Data collection methods used were primary data and secondary data. The data were then analyzed by descriptive method and Spearman Rank correlation statistical test. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the knowledge aspect was included in the high category, which was 73.54%, the attitude aspect was included in the medium category, which was 65.10%, and the adoption rate was included in the low category, which was 55.65%. The results of statistical analysis show that there is a relationship between knowledge, attitude and age with the level of farmer adoption of certified rice seed breeding. Keywords: Farmer adoption rate, rice seed breeding (Oryza sativa L) ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tingkat adopsi petani terhadap penangkaran benih padi bersertifikat serta hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan sosial ekonomi rumah tangga petani dengan tingkat adopsi petani terhadap penangkaran benih padi bersertifikat. Kajian dilaksanakan pada November 2020 sampai Juni 2021. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan yaitu Proportional Random Sampling. Data diperoleh dari 30 petani padi yang mengikuti program Desa Mandiri Benih (DMB) di Kalurahan Timbulharjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah data primer dan data sekunder, diambil dengan kuesioner dan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif dan uji statistik korelasi Rank Spearman. Berdasarkan hasil kajian diperoleh hasil yakni aspek pengetahuan termasuk ke dalam kategori tinggi yaitu sebesar 73,54%, aspek sikap termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang, yaitu sebesar 65,10%, dan Tingkat adopsi termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah yaitu sebesar 55,65%. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan umur dengan tingkat adopsi petani terhadap penangkaran benih padi bersertifikat. Kata kunci: Tingkat adopsi petani, penangkaran benih padi (Oryza sativa L)
De plaats van de contractuele beëindigingsvergoeding bij de begroting van de billijke vergoeding
Authors: el Harchaoui Youssef , Lokin Jan C.T.F 
Published: February 2022

De plaats van de contractuele beëindigingsvergoeding bij de begroting van de billijke vergoeding
Het artikel gaat in op de vraag of de contractuele beëindigingsvergoeding betrokken dient te worden bij de begroting van de billijke vergoeding. Om deze vraag te beantwoorden, gaan de auteurs in op de billijke vergoeding, de contractuele beëindigingsvergoeding en de transitievergoeding. Laatstgenoemde vergoeding vertoont gelijkenissen met de contractuele beëindigingsvergoeding en moet volgens de Hoge Raad (New Hairstyle-arrest) bij de begroting van de billijke vergoeding betrokken worden.
ANALISIS VIRTUAL GUIDE MONUMENT KAPAL SELAM SURABAYA (MONKASEL) MELALUI PENGGABUNGAN "GOOGLE CARDBOARD" DAN AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Irzain Robithoh Akbar , Irfansyah Irfansyah , Hindersah Hilwadi 
Published: February 2022

Submarine monument or known as Monkasel is a submarine museum located in the center of Surabaya. Submarine Monument which was formerly built as KRI Pasopati 410 submarine, is one of Indonesian Navies. Facilities, technical support and human resources are the main obstacles of the Monkasel tourism beneficiaries. In addition, the way information communicated is less interesting to the visitors of museum. In order to solve this problem, digital media which utilizes visitor's devices is designed. Digital media enables visitor to access more information interestingly using their device. Therefore, the information provided by artefact and analog information board will be enriched by digital media. The aim of this research is to perceive about digital media appication such as Google Cardboard as virtual reality in collaboration with augmented reality that can be implemented to artefact in Museum Kapal Selam Surabaya. Qualitative explanative and action research are the methods used for this research. By examining the cause and impact of a fenomena, interactive media helps to reconstruct the value of the fenomena. As a result, user's application on mobile gadget is developed with information provided by the museum. By using Google Cardboard as virtual reality device, the user experiences immersive result of the media. Google Carboard is a technology of first person view that has 360 degree angle, while augmented reality is a combination of invisible and visible object in reality. Augmented reality delivers information interestingly to Monkasel Surabaya visitor by using visualisation of two or three dimentional virtual object on a real object.
The effect of farmland on the surface water of the Aral Sea Region using Multi-source Satellite Data
Authors: Shi Jiancong , Guo Qiaozhen , Zhao Shuang , Su Yiting , Shi Yanqing 
Published: February 2022

Background
The improper land utilization has brought tremendous pressure on the surface water of the Aral Sea Region in the past decades. It was seriously hindered for construction of the Green Silk Road Economic Belt by the fragile environment. Therefore, it is of great necessity for environmental protection and social development to monitor the change of surface water in the Aral Sea Region.

Methods
In this study, LandTrendr algorithm was used on Landsat time-series data to characterize the change in farmland on the Google Earth Engine platform. Based on multi-source data, the water area changes of the Aral Sea were extracted based on the Google Earth Engine, and the mean method was utilized to extract the changes in water level and water storage. Finally, a water-farmland coupling degree model was utilized to evaluate the impact of farmland changes on the surface water in the Aral Sea Region.

Results
As a result, the change of farmland is as follows: the farmland area of the Aral Sea Region has abandoned 3,129 km2 from 1987 to 2019, with overall accuracy of 85.3%. The farmland change had increased the drainage downstream of the Amu Darya River and the Syr Darya River. It has led area of the Aral Sea to decrease each year continuously. The area of the Aral Sea shrank by 1,606.36 km2 per year from 1987 to 2019. Furthermore, Aral Sea’s water level decreased by 0.13 m per year from 2003 to 2009. The amount of water storage in the Aral Sea Region also showed a downward trend from 2002 to 2016. There was a high-quality coupling coordination 0.903 relationship between surface water and farmland. It will increase the burden of water for people’s normal daily life by the water loss resources caused by abandoned farmland. This study emphasized threat of unreasonable farmland management to surface water of the Aral Sea Region. The findings contributed for decision makers to formulating effective reasonable policies to protect surface water and use land of the Aral Sea Region. Meanwhile, the application of coupling degree model can provide a new method for studying the connection of independent systems in the farmland, water, environment and more.
Depletion of RIPK4 parallels higher malignancy potential in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Jing , Wu Dongping , Zhang Bicheng , Pan Chi , Guo Yinglu , Wei Qichun 
Published: February 2022

Background
The RIPK4 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 4), a member of the RIPK family, acts as an important regulator of epidermal differentiation, cutaneous inflammation, and cutaneous wound repair. However, Until now, the role of RIPK4 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. There have been no studies exploring the effects of RIPK4 on the signaling pathway in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It remains unknown whether RIPK4 expression, which can affect the degree of epidermal differentiation can also influence the radiosensitivity of skin SCC. It is urgent to fully elucidate the biological mechanism by which RIPK4 promotes carcinogenesis in skin SCC and determine whether RIPK4 expression levels predicts the sensitivity to radiotherapy in skin SCC.

Methods
Human skin SCC cell line, A431, was transfected with either small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting RIPK4 (siR-RIPK4) or negative control siRNA (siR-NC). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of RIPK4 and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway-related proteins. The cells were irradiated using an X-ray irradiator at 6 MV with different radiation doses (0, 2, 6, and 10 Gy). Cell proliferation analysis, colony formation assay, transwell cell migration and invasion assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of RIPK4 silencing on skin SCC malignancy and radiosensitivity.

Results
RIPK4 protein expression was significantly decreased in the A431 cells transfected with siR-RIPK4, compared with the A431 cells transfected with siR-NC. RIPK4 silencing facilitated the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion ability of A431 cell line, while cell cycle progression or cell apoptosis were not significantly influenced. In contrast with the previous literature, Raf/MEK/ERK pathway was not effected by RIPK4 knockdown in skin SCC. RIPK4 knockdown could not reverse the radiation resistance of A431 cells to irradiation in vitro.

Conclusions
In general, although depletion of RIPK4 cannot reverse the radiation resistance of A431 cells in vitro, it parallels higher malignancy potential in cutaneous SCC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effects of RIPK4 expression on the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and radiosensitivity in cutaneous SCC. The better understanding of the molecular mechanism of RIPK4 in cutaneous SCC may provide a promising biomarker for skin SCC prognosis and treatment.
Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Congenital Anomalies among Babies Admitted in a Neonatal Unit in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Awoala West Boma , Grace Okari Tamunoiyowuna 
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, pattern and outcome of congenital anomalies among neonates admitted in the neonatal unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital.
Study Design: A prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Special Care Baby Unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital over a three-year period from 1st June 2018 to 31st May 2021.
Methodology: A questionnaire was used to collect data on the babies with congenital anomalies from their mothers/caregivers. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Fishers’ Exact test was adopted to determine the association between some congenital anomalies and the variables.
Results: The prevalence of congenital anomalies in the study period was 5.5%, more preponderant among males 48(50.5%), term babies 56(58.9%) and among singleton pregnancies 82(86.3%). Most of the anomalies were major defects 66(69.5%), occurred more frequently in the musculoskeletal system 36 (33%), cardiovascular (13.8%) and urogenital systems (13.8%). Hypertension (30.3%) and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy were the commonest complications of pregnancy found among mothers whose babies had congenital anomalies. Seven (7.4%) babies with birth anomalies died in the study. There was no significant association of sex, gestational age, birth weight with congenital anomalies (P value > .05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital anomalies in this study was low being 5.5%. Although majority of the babies had major defects, the neonatal outcome was fair with mortality of 7.4%.
Investigation of the Effect of Mixed Anion and Mixed Metal on Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Agwaramgbo Lovell , Olafuyi Olabimpe , Doyle Jailen , Okeh Onome 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To investigate the effect of variation of metals (Cu vs Zn) and anions (nitrate vs sulfate) in heavy metal remediation by charcoal and coffee waste from contaminated water.
Study Design: Aqueous solution of single and mixed nitrate and sulfate salts of copper and zinc were respectively treated with charcoal and coffee waste for 12 hr and the residual metal concentration and percent metal removal were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted in the Chemistry Department at Dillard University between January 2021 and November 2021
Methodology: Coffee waste (2 grams) and charcoal (2 grams) were respectively mixed with 40 ml of 500 parts per million (ppm) of each of the following combination of metal solutions: Cu(NO3)2; CuSO4; Zn(NO3)2; ZnSO4; Cu(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2; CuSO4 and ZnSO4; Zn(NO3)2 and ZnSO4; Cu(NO3)2 and CuSO4; Cu(NO3)2 and ZnSO4; Zn(NO3)2 and CuSO4. Each solution was agitated for 12 hours at room temperature. The mixtures were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and residual copper and zinc were analyzed. The results showed that copper was preferentially adsorbed by coffee waste compared to zinc in all binary metal (copper-zinc) solutions. Copper removal by coffee waste from CuSO4 and CuSO4-ZnSO4 were 43.9% and 65.5% respectively. Zinc removal from ZnSO4 and CuSO4-ZnSO4 by coffee waste was 34.79% and 20.3% respectively. Conversely, the zinc removal from mixed copper-zinc salt solutions, CuSO4-ZnSO4 and Cu(NO3)2-Zn(NO3)2 were 70.5% and 79.9% respectively.
Conclusion: Metal type can affect the extent of metal removal from mixed metal solutions. In this research, the copper was 21% more effectively removed from the mixed metal solutions than from a single metal-single anion solutions. In addition, zinc removal was11-14% suppressed in binary metal salt solutions compared to its removal from single-metal-single anion salt solutions. The anion type does not influence metal removed from single metal-single anion salt solutions. However, in the mixed metal-mixed anion systems, more metals were removed when the anion is a nitrate than when it is a sulfate, especially with coffee waste as adsorbent. 9.4% more zinc was removed from CuSO4-Zn(NO3)2,79.9%) than from ZnSO4-Cu(NO3)2, 70.5%). Thus, both metal and anion type affect extent of metal removal from mixed metal mixed anion.
Assessing Level of Anxiety Related to Survey during COVID-19 among ASHA Worker
Authors: Rewatkar Priyanka , Rodge Kamini , Sable Pitambar , Sawarkar Archana , Shambharkar Maduri 
Published: February 2022

Background: Research is aimed at assessing ASHA worker's anxiety levels during the COVID-19 epidemic. Worldwide, over 7.5 million people were infected by COVID-19. The number of cases in India grew rapidly in three months, from 470 in March to four millions. The epidemic of COVID-19 has grown intolerant and in many cases overpowered, medical systems and health personnel. The WHO emphasised the particularly high burden on health professionals and requested action to address the immediate requirements and activities needed to save lives and to avoid serious consequences for the physical or emotional wellness of health-care professionals (WHO, 2020). Previous viral outbreaks demonstrated an elevated risk of infection and other poor physical consequences for frontline and non-frontline health workers.
Methods: For this study, a non-experimental descriptive research technique was chosen. The research was carried out at the Wardha district's community area.The population of the study was Asha worker of Wardha district.100 workers were selected by purposive sampling.
Results: According to the findings of the current study, 3% of ASHA workers experienced light anxiety, 24% experienced moderate anxiety, 64% experienced severe anxiety, and 9% experienced extreme anxiety. The lowest anxiety level was 10 and the highest anxiety score was 46. The average anxiety score was 31.098.03, while the average percentage of anxiety score was 38.8610.03.
Conclusion: To assess Anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey with a representative sample of the Wardha district. Our findings indicate the pandemic's influence on ASHA workers' anxiety levels, which may be compounded by key concerns about infection risks, healthcare safety, and access.
Variation in Mental Foramen of Mandible among South Indian Population- A Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Ashwin S. P. , Prathap Lavanya 
Published: February 2022

Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a hole in the body of the mandible that is placed on the antero-lateral side. Between the upper and lower mandibular borders, it can be found. It sends signals to the brain's nerves and blood vessels. Many researches have documented variations in the placement of the MF among different ethnic groups, as well as variations in its forms. It's commonly found beneath the first premolar teeth. The study's goal is to look at where mental foramen are found in the South Indian population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 distinct OPGs from the South Indian population were used in the investigation. The position of mental foramen for various mandibles was visually examined using OPGs, and the data was tallied and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: From the results it is suggested that the maximum frequency for the right side is at location 2 which is in the longitudinal axis of 1st premolar. 14.0% at location 1, 31.6% at location 2, 21.1% at location 3. 17.3% at location 4. 10% at location 5, 6% at location 6. The situation of mental foramen at the axis of 1st premolar was observed to have a high frequency of occurrence in the age group of 26-35.
Conclusion: The Mental foramen in study population is mostly found in the longitudinal axis of 1st premolar. The clinical students and surgeons should know the existence of mental foramen at surgical procedures using mandibular premolar and molar regions. Future studies with large sample sizes should be conducted to make the results conclusive.
Prerequisite for Successful Implant Placement with a Comparative Study on Novel Bone Ring Technique: A Review
Authors: Ali Saniya Sadaf , Wankhede Anand N. 
Published: February 2022

Implant placement is getting space day by day. However, in every case, we never get the ideal condition of alveolar bone for implant placement. Alveolar bone loss is seen due to periodontitis, tooth loss, tooth extraction, and periapical infection, etc.
Resorption of alveolar bone varies from person to person and side to side. It has been noted that the size of the residual ridge shrinks more quickly within the first six months.
There is new demand for reconstruction of the alveolar ridge for implant placement. Various techniques are available for increasing the ridge height and width by using bone graft, membrane, etc., one of these is the vertical ring procedure.
Bone ring technique (BRT) has been described as a one-stage approach to restore vertical ridge height defects, in which an autogenous or allogeneic bone block graft is used and the implant is placed simultaneously.
This review aims to focus on the importance of the implant placement, consequences of complete edentulism, the problem with removable partial denture (RPD) placement, as a result of bone loss in fully edentulism patients, and the use of vertical ring technique for the implant placement.
Comparative Study of Lung Function Test among Ballooning and Pursuing Lip Exercise
Authors: Priyanka . , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Lung function tests have been routinely taken for diseased people such as COPD, asthma patients. Exercise and food habits play a vital role in improvement in lung function among these people. Hence, the current study is to assess the lung function parameters among the population performing lip and ballooning exercises.
Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out among the participants with the age of 18- 25 years from saveetha dental college. 45 healthy volunteers were divided into three groups. Each group consists of 15 individuals. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Ballooning exercise subjects; Group 3: Pursuing lip exercise individuals. RMS Helios spirometer was used to measure lung volumes and capacities like FVC, FEV1, PEFR, PEF 25-75, FEV3. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, student‘t’ test. P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be as statistically significant.
Results: FEV1/FVC is statistically significant among lip exercises (88.61±12.03) but insignificant among ballooning exercises than control individuals (97.61±6.32). FEF25-75 is statistically more significant among pursuing lip exercise (2.65±1.74) than ballooning and control individuals. FVC is statistically more significant among ballooning (1.99±0.27) than pursuing lip exercise and control individuals.
Conclusion: It is evident that the subjects performing ballooning exercise have significant increase in lung capacity in comparison with the subjects pursuing lip exercise.Regular exercise produces a positive effect on the lung by increasing the pulmonary capacities.The present study revealed that regular breathing exercise has an important role in determining and improving lung volumes and capacities.
Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis with Traditional Chinese Medicine Gushukang
Authors: Wang Jing , Xue Ji-Su , Wang Jing , Zhang Rui-Hao 
Published: February 2022

As our population continues to age, osteoporosis is becoming more common and burdensome for society. Its treatment is troublesome because its mechanism is complicated and easily hidden behind other ailments and symptoms. In addition, the adverse effect of traditional therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis is another puzzle for both clinicians and patients. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) known as Gushukang (GSK) has a long history in treating osteoporosis. However, because the formulation of GSK consists of multiple plant products, it is difficult to determine its proper purity, efficacy, dosage, and safety as required by modern medicine. Still, researchers have begun to use modern scientific tools to investigate GSK for treating osteoporosis. Following the inclusion of TCM in the latest International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11, 2019) by the WHO and recent elucidation of the therapeutic mechanisms of GSK in treating diseases, it has been demonstrated that GSK does indeed show potential for treating osteoporosis in the future. This review summarizes recent advances surrounding GSK for the treatment of osteoporosis in both laboratory animals and humans, from complex formulae to single ingredients.