bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling by Simulations Monte Carlo of First Historical Zika Outbreak in Salta, Argentina, Occurred in 2017
Authors: Rosales Juan Carlos , Aparicio Juan Pablo , Quintana Pablo , Herrera Celeste , Abad Betina 
Published: January 2022

Scopes and Objectives: We analyzed some aspects of the first historical outbreak of Zika that occurred in Salta, Argentina, in the year 2017. We obtained elementary estimates, such as the prevalence ratio and describe the probabilistic behavior of the outbreak by simulation of type Monte Carlo.
Study Design: Retrospective-descriptive studies and stochastic computational experiment analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Exact Sciences. National University of Salta, Argentina, from December 2020 to September 2021.
Methodology: Descriptive and computational experiment analysis. Estimates of parameters and Simulation of type Monte Carlo.
Results: We describe the probabilistic behavior through Monte Carlo simulation of the first historical outbreak of Zika in Salta Argentina, 2017. Based on the data of registered Zika cases, we estimate a probabilistic model for it. We also spatially describe the outbreak by estimating the prevalence ratio. Finally, by computational experiment we generate epidemic outbreaks with 10, 20 and 30 runs, determining the intrinsic growth rate and estimating the basic reproductive number R0 for a generation time that takes into account both man and mosquito. We find that the estimates are significantly affected for the simulation type factor of 10 runs. The computational experiment shows that the descriptions of the outbreak and the estimates of R0 obtained, if the number of repetitions of the experiment corresponds to 20 and 30 runs, are qualitatively acceptable.
Recovery Degree in Pediatric Patients with Antecedent Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Mexico
Authors: Rivera Sujey Araceli Zurita , Vidal Jose Alfredo Vidal , Gonzalez Froylan Eduardo Hernandez Lara , Martinez Patricia Zagoya , Hernandez Jose Felix Urbina , Lemus Francisco Tinoco , Dávila Rosario Ponce , Austria Atalia Saraí Ruíz , Reyes Emma Juanita Carbajal , Reyes Ivonne Juarez , Camacho Carolina Contreras , López Manuel Alejandro Resendiz , Medina Angel Ramon Saucedo 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To determine the recovery degree in pediatric patients with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury.
Study Design: Prospective, analytical and relational.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics Intensive Care Area of ​​the “Hospital para el Niño Poblano” from March 2014 to February 2015.
Methodology: Patients aged 2 to 192 months, both sexes, with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury. The degree of recovery was determined with the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at hospital discharge and one year after. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used data analysis.
Results: The study consisted of 23 patients, of which 69.56% were men. The mean age was 73.17±50.33 months. The predominant age group was middle childhood (34.78%). The main mechanism of injury was run over by a vehicle (39.13%). The group of toddler remained hospitalized for 17.50±8.58 days. Moreover, GOS at hospital discharge (p=0.391) and at one year (p=0.789) was not associated with sex. Additionally, an association of GOS at hospital discharge was found with GOS at one year of care (p=0.003), with greater improvement being observed, in those cases with less initial damage brain.
Conclusion: The degree of recovery at one year after hospital discharge in pediatric patients with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury is associated with the degree of recovery at hospital discharge. Middle childhood, being the group at greatest risk. The complications can reduce the recovery of the patient. Rehabilitation therapy provided by the public health services and the family is of vital importance.
Analysis of Vegetative and Generative Characters of Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) Populations
Authors: Huseinović Samira , Bektić Sanida , Mirsada Kovačević , Besim Salkić 
Published: January 2022

Rose family (Rosaceae) is one of richest and most geographically widespread species of plant families. This family includes herbaceous and woody species, shrubs, and trees; the leaves are different, simple, or differently complex. The genus Fragaria (strawberry) includes perennial herbaceous plants. It is characteristic of this genus that the species are intensively vegetatively propagated using overhead stolons. The flowers are with a five-membered perianth and a developed outer cup. The flower has a larger number of anthers and carpels. A sample was taken at each site at least 30 individuals from the population in the flowering and fruiting phenophase. Morphological variability was assessed based on 5 populations and 150 individuals. This paper aims to determine the most variable and most consistent morphological characters that can serve in full and critical taxonomic analysis and revision of this variable taxon as well as related taxa from the family Rosaceae. Determine the forms and levels of individual, population, and interpopulation variability of the species Fragaria vesca L. depending on the environmental factors under which develop. Conducted comparative morphological analyzes have shown that the species Fragaria vesca L. shows a high degree of variability for all analyzed characters. Vegetative plant characters have a far greater share in overall variability compared to generative ones character. Pold does not belong to the group of those plant parts that vary the most.
Accuracy in the Dimension of Extracted Tooth with Intraoral Periapical Radiograph: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nambiar Akshay , Sequeira Joyce P. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Because of its simplicity, cheaper cost, lower radiation exposure, and easy availability in a dental clinical setting, intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) are frequently utilised for preoperative planning and evaluation for most minor oral surgical procedures.
Aim: The Aim of this study is to Assess the Accuracy and Reliability of Intraoral Periapical Radiograph with the extracted teeth.
Methodology: The study is comprised of 54 patients. For each extracted tooth, the actual measurements for tooth length will be measured with a Vernier caliper with a least count of 0.01mm. After obtaining the actual length of the tooth with the Vernier Caliper, the Length of the tooth will be measured from the Intraoral Periapical Radiograph using a Vernier caliper.
Results: By comparing the length of the actual tooth with that of an IOPAR, it was found out that the difference that was obtained is statistically significant.
Conclusion: There is significant overestimation in the dimension of the tooth.
Endometriosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chimegave Anjali , Mahajan Kalyani 
Published: January 2022

There is functional endometrial tissue anywhere other than the uterine cavity and uterine mucosa with a penchant for infiltration and invasion. It is labeled as endometriosis. It is a chronic inflammatory condition. It can occur anywhere, but the most common site is the ovary. It is also labeled as endometrioma or Chocolate cyst. Other common sites for endometriosis are the pouch of Douglas (POD), posterior leaf of the broad ligament, uterosacral ligament, fallopian tube. Barin is the least common site for Endometriosis. Endometriosis is never seen in the spleen. This condition, which impacts 10–15 percent of women of childbearing age, is characterized by pelvic pain and infertility. Dysmenorrhoea, adnexal mass, and infertility are the classical triad of clinical features. This classical triad is mainly seen in the women of childbearing age but can also be seen in the women after menopause. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition that tends to go away on its own or after surgery. It tends to regress after menopause because it is an estrogen-dependent condition. Endometriosis is associated with cellular and humoral immunity also. Impaired immune function may contribute to the development of endometriosis. Despite this, up to 2.2 percent of women after menopause are affected. Endometriosis in postmenopausal women is seen mainly after elevated systemic estrogen concentrations or excess exogenous estrogen intake. In most women, symptomatic endometriosis after menopause begins more than ten years after menopause in the absence of elevated systemic estrogen concentrations or exogenous estrogen intake. This is necessary to understand the pathophysiology and management of endometriosis after menopause.
Dextromethorphan Use in the Outpatient Department
Authors: Menshawy Menshawy A. , Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrizqi Abdullah A. , Alhuthali Bander A. , Alghamdi Ibrahim A. , Alghamdi Saleh 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to describe the use of dextromethorphan in the outpatient department.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that involves evaluating electronic prescriptions for dextromethorphan among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: During the study period, 348 patients received dextromethorphan. Most of them were females and the age of more than half of them was between 20 and 39 years. Most of the patients used dextromethorphan for 5 days (63.51%) and about 30% of patients used it for 7 days. Most of the prescriptions were written by emergency department (93.97%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that dextromethorphan was commonly prescribed in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj. Furthermore, more studies are needed to explore the appropriateness of its use.
Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Oral Cancers
Authors: Baretha Vinay Nandlal , Bagawan M. B. , Kshirsagar Ashok 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Oral-carcinoma is one of the most common cancer world-wide. Its treatment in advanced conditions to increase the survival rate is a major concern. This study was aimed at assessing the use of neoadjuvant cancer therapy (NACT) for improving the operability in non-operable patients with advanced oral carcinoma (T4b and N3 disease) and to observe easier resection in T4a disease.
Methodology: This prospective study included total 40 patients with advanced oral carcinoma (T4a, T4b, and N3 stages), who were administered with NACT- Cisplatin (80 mg/m2) over 2 days and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2) for 4 days along with hydration and antiemetics (3 cycles for every 4 weeks) and later, if resectable, will be taken for the surgery . Follow up of patients (6 months) was advised to assess recurrence if any. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association of NACT with resectability and operability in patients. Histopathological examination was done to see for extent and margns status post surgery. Non operable cases were given palliative radiotherapy and symptomatic treatment.
Results: Patients displayed T4a (70%), T4b (30%), and N3 (15%)stages of oral cancer. Stable disease was observed in 57.5% of patients, indicating its importance in cancer treatment. Easier resection was observed in 67.85% i.e. 19 patients. Significant association of locoregionally advanced oral cancer (T4a, T4b and N3 disease) with respectability (P=0.012) and operability (P=0.001) after NACT was observed. The most common adverse events observed during NACT were nausea/vomiting (28.3%), neutropenia (11.66%), diarrhea (8.33%), and anemia (3.33%).
Conclusion: Easier resection in 67.85% cases among operable group seen and 50% of cases among non operable group became operable. Further studies on its profound use in oral squamous cell carcinoma can help reduce morbidity and increase the survival rate.
Age Wise Social Impact of COVID-19: Covering All Aspects of Life
Authors: Jindal Dhruv , Bhole Shreyash 
Published: January 2022

The Coronavirus infection has drastically modified and converted the lives of innumerable members of the general population and has affected every aspect of life in significant way. Worldwide closure and precautionary procedure and actions have separated the humans, counterfeit the world wealth, and restricted access to physical and psychological medical management. These precautions may be compulsory to keep down the unroll of the infection, the gloomy effects of physical, mental, and communal aspects are noticeable. The COVID19 infection has dramatically modified the lives of countless members of the overall population, significantly affecting all aspects of life. This study aims to analyse existing research on the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic and canopy the wide-ranging effects of the pandemic on one platform. This study aims to review the existing research on the wide-ranging impact of pandemic onto one platform under four categories- children, youth, adults and older people for the future uses. Issues covered under these categories are given below:-

Impact on children- This study will cover matters such as child sexual abuse, effect on people with disability, effect on routine immunizations and a child’s perspective towards illness.
Impact on youth- This study will cover matters like online learning difficulties and learning loss, effect on sports, and technological impact.
Impact on adults- This study will cover issues such as increased rate of unemployment, divorce, Effect on sexual life and parenting difficulties.
Impact on older people- This study will cover concerns like loneliness, age discrimination, decreased social life and social interactions, difficulties in accessing technological services, sleep disturbances, decreased exercise, and fear of death.
Complimentary Food Practices in Rural Areas (6 Months to 1 Year)
Authors: Borkar Samidha , Vagha Jayant 
Published: January 2022

Background: Diet is defined as nutritionally adequate & appropriate intake of food items that also provide the required energy & protein intake by ensuring proper growth and development. Adequate nutrition of the infants & child is essential. Complementary needed practices are included apart from breast milk to meet one's needs. A balanced diet is defined as nutritionally adequate & appropriate intake of food items that also provide energy and protein.
Methods: A cross-sectional/observational study is to be conducted by taking approval to meet one’s need; complimentary food practices are included apart from breast milk, from the ethical committee which includes multigravida women as study participants PNC, PEDS ward, AVBRH. The data of sample size is recorded, tabulated analyzed.
Results: As many as 43.33% of the mother from the study group has started weaning practices before six months of age. Whereas the standard complementary feeding practices is Dal pain (66.66%) followed by mashed roti/bread (60%) furthermore Dalia (53.33%). The no meals per day were three meals by 36.66% of participants. The typical food being Dal pani, a thin gruel, with most of the participants starting weaning
Conclusion: Poor complementary feeding practices are observed in a rural typica e comisfood is Dal pani, a thin gruel, with most participants starting weaning before 6 months of age.
The Perception of Attitude as a Factor that Affect Professionalism among General Physicians of Primary Health Care Centers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tahtouh Fatimah Ibrahim , Hanash Abdulbari Ahmed , Tahtouh Mohammed Ibrahim , Tahtouh Esmahan Ibrahim , Ahmad Razia Aftab 
Published: January 2022

Background: Medical professionalism is considered, in modern clinical practice as the basis of the social contract between physicians and their society. It encompasses a wide range of values such as altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, service, honor, integrity, and respect for others. It has been researched extensively in the Western world, but only a dearth of studies exist in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 157 physicians working in primary health care centers in Abha and Khamis-Mushayt cities of Saudi Arabia. The study tool was a self-addressed validated questionnaire.
Results: Participants in the study were 157 general physicians, of whom 63.7% were males. The Saudis were 84.1%. The mean of experience of work in years was 3.5 years. Only, 50.3% had training in medical professionalism training, whereas 49.7% did not receive any training in professionalism (the mean number of training sessions was 3.1). The mean score of professionalism was 109.1 (out of a potential total of 130 points). Participants with High professionalism were 49%, while 49.7% were found to have moderate professionalism, and only 1.3%, was with poor professionalism. Factors related to a significantly positive association with professional behavior were; higher age, being married, being non-Saudi, higher qualifications (like Diploma/MSc), increased practice experience, and professional training one is involved in.
Conclusion: The participant physicians reported high levels of professional behavior. However, there is a need to focus on addressing job satisfaction factors to improve participants’ practice attitude and subsequently increase professionalism.
Effect of Vitamin-D on COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Padode Aditi , Keche Harsha 
Published: January 2022

Vitamin-D deficiency is a common yet understated problem. A number of people are at a risk of its deficiency while many others go undetected with the deficiency. The novel corona virus, an RNA virus, has run its rampant course across the globe affecting millions for the worse. COVID-19, a disease caused as a result of the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has shown to produce severe lower respiratory symptoms. This has so far resulted into a reported death count of more than 4.9 million worldwide. More than 4.5 lacs were affected in India. COVID-19 affects numerous other organs such as the liver, brain, kidney and heart. Dosage of Vitamin-D regularly, during the treatment and as a pre-emptive measure have all shown to reduce respiratory tract inflammation. Low plasma 25(OH)D levels appear to be an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. Administration of a large dose of Calcifediol or what is also known as 25-hydroxyVitamin-D , a main metabolite of the Vitamin-D endocrine system, noticeably lessened the need for ICU treatment of patients requiring hospitalization after being tested positive for COVID-19. Elevated levels of Vitamin-D in body could decrease the length of hospital stays and reduce the intensity of the COVID 19 infection. In many COVID-19 patients the T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) levels are found to be low. These low levels can be elevated by Vitamin-D supplementation. Low levels of Vitamin-D have also been associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and a noticeably increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. While further large-scale studies are required to provide concrete answers, the severity of the disease has been shown to be reduced and Vitamin-D can potentially be used as a supplementary treatment against Covid-19 and also as a precaution against the same. These results are significant and should not be ignored.
Topical Hydrocortisone Use in the Outpatient Department
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alsubaie Mohamed R. , Almutairi Abdullah T. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to describe the use of topical hydrocortisone in the outpatient department in Alkharj.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that included reviewing the electronic prescriptions of topical hydrocortisone among outpatients in Alkharj. The inclusion criteria included all of the outpatient prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone in the study period.
Results: During the study period between January 2018 to June 2018, 196 patients received topical hydrocortisone. More than 52% of the patients were males and the age of 31.63% of them was less than 10 years. Most of the patients received topical hydrocortisone as a cream (87.76%). Most of the prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone were written by residents (98.98%) and most of the prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone were written by emergency department (70.41%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that topical hydrocortisone was prescribed commonly in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of topical hydrocortisone prescribing in other settings and to explore the frequency of using other topical medications in different settings.
Psychological Status of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Awad Feras Abdullah , Aldhamen Hawraa Mohammed , Alghamdi Abdullah Ali , Alwakeel Abdulaziz Abdulkhaliq , Aldhamen Kawthar Mohammed , Alafghani Lina Adel , Alzahrani Khames T. , Alwabel Abdulmajeed , Barabie Samaher , Alharthi Ahames , Omar Baraa 
Published: January 2022

Background: The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting the lower respiratory tract that is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). It has caused psychological stress on people around the world, particularly those in the medical field. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of anxiety, depression, burnout, and the sources of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCW) in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. To determine the coping strategies of HCWs in dealing with mental health issues that may affect them during the pandemic.
Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2020 to November 2021 in Saudi Arabia. A Total of 260 HCW of both genders who are working in private and governmental hospitals were selected. However, non-healthcare workers such as technicians, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers were excluded.
Results: A total of 260 HCWs 98 (37.7%) doctors, 27 (10.4%) nurses, 6 (2.3%) pharmacists, 5(1.9%) physiotherapists, 113(43.5%) interns and 11 (4.2%) others, of whom 127 (48.8%) were male and 133 (51.2%) were female. The majority of participants aged from 20-29 years old 205 (78.5%), followed by 30-39 years old 26 (10%), 40-49 years old 18(6.9%), and 50-59 years old 10(3.8%), and 70-79 years old 1(0.4%). Around 42(16.2%) HCWs were working in ER, 82(31.5%) in wards, 83(31.9%) in outpatient clinics, 15(5.8%) were working in both wards and outpatient clinics, 6 (2.3%) in ICU and around 32(12.3%) in all demographics.
Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated the burden of psychological problems among different healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that all health care workers (HCWs) were affected by varying degrees severity of anxiety and depression, insomnia and complaining from cardiovascular symptoms.
Transnational displacement by short‐term rentals in Japan’s depopulating society: Dilemma between rent gap emergence and inbound tourist accommodations
Authors: Kondo Tamiyo , Miyamae Saki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of the so‐called “Airbnb effect” on local housing markets has grown into a global concern for affordability crisis, gentrification, and displacement. We analyzed the impacts of short‐term rental (STR) on the rental housing market and explored the relative factors for the rent gaps in Tokyo and Osaka: two major metropolitan areas in Japan. This research builds upon the rent gap theory by Neil Smith and clarifies the rent gaps by following previous work. Our results demonstrate that landlords in Osaka, more depopulated with unoccupied housings, have already removed a significant number of residential rental units from the housing market, and those of Tokyo, less depopulated with less unoccupied housings, is likely to evict their tenants to shift more profitable touristic short‐term rentals when their long‐term rentals’ rent revenue decreases. We concluded that the rent gaps affected by the depopulated societal context require tougher limits on touristic short‐term rentals to mitigate “transnational displacement.” The future of community livability depends upon municipalities’ ordinance as well as their strategies: how to leverage unoccupied housing to survive an era of shrinking economy.