bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Particle Size‐Control and DNA‐Oligo Functionalization in ZIF‐76 for Biological Applications
Authors: Deneff Jacob I. , Butler Kimberly S. , Reyes Raphael A. , Sava Gallis Dorina F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvanced therapeutics require novel nanocarriers to ensure their functionality is preserved during transit. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have emerged as promising materials in this field owing to their combined biocompatibility, high porosity, and tunable chemistry. While a diverse family of ZIFs has been reported, few have been explored beyond the prototypical ZIF‐8. Herein, the size‐controlled synthesis of three distinct ZIF‐76 analogs is demonstrated, overcoming the unique synthetic challenges intrinsic to the lta topology and complex crystallization kinetics associated with the mixed linker approach. This assesses the materials’ platform effectiveness for intracellular delivery first by exploring the structural and colloidal stability in biologically relevant media. To circumvent particle aggregation, fluorescently labeled DNA oligonucleotides are post‐synthetically attached to the ZIF surface. This modification significantly improves the colloidal stability in media and facilitates particle internalization tracking. Finally, the particle‐cell interactions are assessed, revealing rapid cell membrane association with macrophages, but not lung epithelial cells, and ZIF accumulation within macrophages which increased over time. Importantly, this study outlines a generalized approach toward expanding the available library of ZIFs for biological applications, enabling the potential for targeted therapeutic delivery for intracellular infections treatment.
Magnetic Field‐Induced Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Nickel Nanowires for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Qian Yong , Meng Xiangfu , Liu Hongji , Wang Xingyu , Lin Yefeng , Shi Xinyi , Sheng Zhigao , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne‐dimensional magnetic nanowires have become one of the ideal candidates for microwave absorption (MA) due to their excellent mechanical properties, large aspect ratio, and excellent electron transport properties. Here, we introduce the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐directed nickel nanowires (PNNWs) by an externally magnetically induced solvothermal method, and the morphology and properties of PNNWs exhibit a magnetic field‐strength‐dependent relationship. The 9T‐PNNW synthesized at 9 T magnetic field has the characteristics of high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and good magnetic properties, which endow it with excellent MA performance. The minimum reflection loss (RL) reaches −29.82 dB at 4.08 GHz with the thickness of 4.5 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (fe) can over 3.6 GHz from 14.4 GHz to 18.0 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Multiple electromagnetic loss mechanisms are induced to attenuate the electromagnetic wave (EW), in which the dielectric loss dominates, and the magnetic loss, current loss, and resonance effect only play an auxiliary role. This work opens up a new avenue for rational design and preparation of nickel nanowires, and more importantly, the regulation of the magnetic field on the performance of absorbers has reference significance.
Recent Progress in the Therapeutic Modulation of Lactate for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhao Youbo , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong , Su Min , Yu Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLactate is the end‐product of glycolysis activity, which is universally upregulated in most solid tumor indications. Increasing evidence shows that lactate is also involved in various tumor‐related events, presenting indispensable roles for supporting tumor growth, progression, and invasion. Typically, lactate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can not only be exploited as an energy source for sustaining cancer cell survival but also function as a messenger modulator for signal transduction via receptor or non‐receptor pathways for cell communications therein. In addition, the presence of lactate substantially suppresses anti‐tumor immunity and mediates the epigenetic upregulation of key oncogenes via lysine lactylation of histone. In this review, a concise yet comprehensive summary on recent studies regarding the myriad roles and functions of lactate on tumor cells and TME is provided, based on which there is further discussion of the emerging antitumor strategies targeting the lactate metabolism including its biosynthesis and transporting. This review may facilitate the development of more effective antitumor therapies.
Shocks, cycles and adjustments: The case of China's Hog Market under external shocks
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wang Xiaoyang , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChina's hog market has faced the challenge of several external shocks, which arise from the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, African Swine Fever (ASF) and related global trade uncertainties. This article develops a shocks, cycles and adjustments (SCA) model to evaluate the dynamic impact of different shock scenarios. The SCA model contributes to the existing toolbox for impact evaluation in commodity markets and provides insights into the timing of impact dynamics at refined time intervals. The SCA model is applied to evaluate five sets of shock scenarios, which include a demand shock, a corn price increase, pork import restrictions, a second wave of ASF, and a combination of these shocks. Simulation results demonstrate the reaction of the hog cycle to different shocks with quantitive outcomes. Based on the simulation results, we find that production and economic adjustment lags generate constant and predictable hog cycles, while the external shocks lead hog cycles to be irregular with varying phase and amplitude. [EconLit Citations: Q10, Q11].
Data‐driven coordination of subproblems in enterprise‐wide optimization under organizational considerations
Authors: van de Berg Damien , Petsagkourakis Panagiotis , Shah Nilay , del Rio‐Chanona Ehecatl Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile decomposition techniques in mathematical programming are usually designed for numerical efficiency, coordination problems within enterprise‐wide optimization are often limited by organizational rather than numerical considerations. We propose a “data‐driven” coordination framework which manages to recover the same optimum as the equivalent centralized formulation while allowing coordinating agents to retain autonomy, privacy, and flexibility over their own objectives, constraints, and variables. This approach updates the coordinated, or shared, variables based on derivative‐free optimization (DFO) using only coordinated variables to agent‐level optimal subproblem evaluation “data.” We compare the performance of our framework using different DFO solvers (CUATRO, Py‐BOBYQA, DIRECT‐L, GPyOpt) against conventional distributed optimization (ADMM) on three case studies: collaborative learning, facility location, and multiobjective blending. We show that in low‐dimensional and nonconvex subproblems, the exploration‐exploitation trade‐offs of DFO solvers can be leveraged to converge faster and to a better solution than in distributed optimization.
5q35 duplication syndrome: Narrowing the critical region on the distal side and further evidence of intrafamilial variability and expression
Authors: van der Lugt Neeltje Margreth , Weerts Marjolein J. A. , Veenma Danielle C. M. , Lincke Carsten R. , Gischler Saskia J. , Alders Marielle , van Ierland Yvette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe key features of patients with a microduplication 5q35.2q35.3 (including the NSD1 gene) are short stature, microcephaly, mild developmental delay, behavioral problems, digital anomalies and congenital anomalies of internal organs. This core phenotype can be viewed as the reversed phenotype of Sotos syndrome, which is caused by a microdeletion in the same chromosomal region or a pathogenic variant in the NSD1 gene, and includes tall stature and macrocephaly, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Here, we report on a patient and his mother, both with a 5q35.2q35.3 duplication, adding a fifth family to the recently published overview of 39 patients of Quintero‐Rivera et al. Our patient had several congenital anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction with a persisting short stature, while his mother was only mildly affected with decreased growth parameters. In addition, he had hemophagogocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by Haemophilus influenzae and was recently diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma. Our cases carry the smallest duplication published (ca 332 kb, arr[hg19] 5q35.2q35.3(176493106‐176824785)x3) further narrowing the distal side of the critical region of the 5q35.2q35.3 duplication. Besides broadening the clinical phenotypic spectrum, our report indicates that the 5q35.2q35.3 microduplication also shows a large intra‐familial variability and expression.
Ecological divergence and calcaneal‐cuboid morphology in gorillas
Authors: Prang Thomas C. , Tocheri Matthew W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesGorillas are diverse behaviorally and ecologically with higher frequencies of arboreality and frugivory observed in populations living at lower altitudes compared to those living at higher altitudes. Previous studies have shown that the more arboreal western lowland gorilla has hallucial tarsometatarsal and talocrural joint morphologies associated with enhanced hallucial abduction and foot inversion capabilities whereas the more terrestrial eastern gorilla does not. Here we examine how known ecological and behavioral differences among gorillas relate to variation in calcaneal and cuboid morphology. Specifically, we test whether gorillas that climb more frequently (i.e., western lowland and lowland grauer gorillas) have cuboid‐metatarsal and calcaneocuboid morphologies that facilitate increased foot mobility compared to those that climb less often (i.e., mountain and highland grauer gorillas).MethodsWe quantify the relative areas of articular and nonarticular surfaces, angles between articular surfaces, articular surface curvatures, the relative length and depth of the calcaneocuboid joint, and the relative size of the calcaneal tuber using three‐dimensional models of gorilla calcanei and cuboids (n = 90 and 81, respectively).ResultsOur results, based on univariate and multivariate analyses, show that western and eastern gorillas follow our predicted arboreal‐terrestrial morphocline in terms of their calcaneal and cuboid morphology; however, highland and lowland grauer gorilla populations do not.ConclusionsThis study has implications for understanding gorilla foot function and the evolutionary processes responsible for producing the morphological patterns among living gorilla populations. Future studies of gorilla morphological diversity may provide a useful comparative model for studies of locomotor evolution in extinct clades.
Size matters! Investigating the effects of model size on anatomy learning
Authors: Yang Jack X. , DeYoung Veronica , Xue Yuanxin , Nehru Amit , Hildebrand Alexandra , Brewer‐Deluce Danielle , Wainman Bruce 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) scanning and printing technology has allowed for the production of anatomical replicas at virtually any size. But what size optimizes the educational potential of 3D printing models? This study systematically investigates the effect of model size on nominal anatomy learning. The study population of 380 undergraduate students, without prior anatomical knowledge, were randomized to learn from two of four bone models (either vertebra and pelvic bone [os coxae], or scapula and sphenoid bone), each model 3D printed at 50%, 100%, 200%, and either 300% or 400% of normal size. Participants were then tested on nominal anatomy recall on the respective bone specimens. Mental rotation ability and working memory were also assessed, and opinions regarding learning with the various models were solicited. The diameter of the rotational bounding sphere for the object (“longest diameter”) had a small, but significant effect on test score (F(2,707) = 17.15, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.046). Participants who studied from models with a longest diameter greater than 10 cm scored significantly better than those who used models less than 10 cm, with the exception of the scapula model, on which performance was equivalent across all sizes. These results suggest that models with a longest diameter beyond 10 cm are unlikely to incur a greater size‐related benefit in learning nominal anatomy. Qualitative feedback suggests that there also appear to be inherent features of bones besides longest diameter that facilitate learning.
What potential for improving sub‐seasonal predictions of the winter NAO?
Authors: Kent Chris , Scaife Adam A. , Dunstone Nick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the leading mode of variability across the Atlantic sector and is a key metric of extratropical forecast performance. Skilful predictions of the NAO are possible at medium‐range (1–2 weeks) and seasonal time scales. However, in a leading dynamical prediction system, we find that sub‐seasonal predictions (1 month NAO with a lead time of 20–30 days) are not statistically significant and represent a gap in forecast skill. In this study, we have investigated the potential for improving predictions using a large ensemble of dynamical hindcasts. First, we find that monthly predictions of the NAO are only weakly related to forecast errors at the medium‐range. This implies that improving medium‐range forecast performance is unlikely to drive significant improvements at longer lead times. Second, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the leading mode of sub‐seasonal variability in the Tropics and projects onto the NAO with a lag of 10–15 days, but its teleconnection is only partially represented in current forecast systems. We, therefore, assess whether improved MJO‐NAO teleconnections are likely to lead to improved monthly NAO predictions. We find that even perfect MJO forecasts and teleconnections lead to only small improvements in NAO prediction skills. This work indicates that monthly timescales may represent a predictability gap for the NAO and hence the Euro‐Atlantic winter climate in which genuine skill improvements are difficult to achieve. Potential progress in this area could stem from currently unknown sources of skill and large initialised climate ensembles will be a vital tool for investigating these.
Hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin‐C for the treatment of high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients
Authors: Conroy Samantha , Pang Karl , Jubber Ibrahim , Hussain Syed A. , Rosario Derek J. , Cumberbatch Marcus G. , Catto James W. F. , Noon Aidan P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study are to explore tolerability, acceptability and oncological outcomes for patients with high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy (HIVEC) and mitomycin‐C (MMC) at our institution.Patients and MethodsOur single‐institution, observational study consists of consecutive high‐risk NMIBC patients treated with HIVEC and MMC. Our HIVEC protocol included six weekly instillations (induction), followed by two further cycles of three instillations (maintenance) (6 + 3 + 3) if there was cystoscopic response. Patient demographics, instillation dates and adverse events (AEs) were collected prospectively in our dedicated HIVEC clinic. Retrospective case‐note review was performed to evaluate oncological outcomes. Primary outcomes were tolerability and acceptability of HIVEC protocol; secondary outcomes were 12‐month recurrence‐free, progression‐free and overall survival.ResultsIn total, 57 patients (median age 80.3 years) received HIVEC and MMC, with a median follow‐up of 18 months. Of these, 40 (70.2%) had recurrent tumours, and 29 (50.9%) had received prior Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). HIVEC induction was completed by 47 (82.5%) patients, but only 19 (33.3%) completed the full protocol. Disease recurrence (28.9%) and AEs (28.9%) were the most common reasons for incompletion of protocol; five (13.2%) patients stopped treatment due to logistical challenges. AEs occurred in 20 (35.1%) patients; the most frequently documented were rash (10.5%), urinary tract infection (8.8%) and bladder spasm (8.8%). Progression during treatment occurred in 11 (19.3%) patients, 4 (7.0%) of whom had muscle invasion and 5 (8.8%) subsequently required radical treatment. Patients who had received prior BCG were significantly more likely to progress (p = 0.04). 12‐month recurrence‐free, progression‐free and overall survival rates were 67.5%, 82.2%, and 94.7%, respectively.ConclusionsOur single‐institution experience suggests that HIVEC and MMC are tolerable and acceptable. Oncological outcomes in this predominantly elderly, pretreated cohort are promising; however, disease progression was higher in patients pretreated with BCG. Further randomised noninferiority trials comparing HIVEC versus BCG in high‐risk NMIBC are required.
A retrospective study of cladribine and low‐dose cytarabine–based regimens for the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and secondary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bazinet Alexandre , Darbaniyan Faezeh , Kadia Tapan M. , Venugopal Sangeetha , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , DiNardo Courtney D. , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias J. , Daver Naval G. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Konopleva Marina Y. , Ravandi Farhad , Sasaki Koji , Chien Kelly S. , Hammond Danielle , Pierce Sherry A. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with higher risk chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) have limited therapeutic options beyond hydroxyurea and hypomethylating agents (HMAs). Regimens based on a backbone of cladribine (CLAD), low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC), and an HMA are effective low‐intensity therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective chart review to evaluate the efficacy of CLAD/LDAC/HMA in CMML and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) arising from CMML. Responses were evaluated according to the 2006 International Working Group criteria for CMML and the 2017 European LeukemiaNet criteria for AML. The overall survival (OS), leukemia‐free survival (LFS), and duration of response were evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Patients were stratified on the basis of prior HMA exposure.ResultsThe authors identified 21 patients with CMML (eight with HMA‐naive CMML and 13 with HMA‐failure CMML) and 33 patients with sAML (11 with HMA‐naive sAML and 22 with HMA‐failure sAML) treated with CLAD/LDAC/HMA‐based regimens. The CMML cohort was enriched for high‐risk features (proliferative type, elevated blasts, and RAS/MAPK mutations). The overall response rate was 33% in CMML (50% in HMA‐naive CMML and 23% in HMA‐failure CMML) and 48% in sAML (82% in HMA‐naive sAML and 32% in HMA‐failure sAML). The median OS was 14.4, 8.8, 42.9, and 2.9 months for HMA‐naive CMML, HMA‐failure CMML, HMA‐naive sAML, and HMA‐failure sAML, respectively. The median LFS was 14.4 and 3.9 months for HMA‐naive CMML and HMA‐failure CMML, respectively.ConclusionsCLAD/LDAC/HMA‐based regimens are effective in a subset of patients with higher risk CMML and sAML arising from CMML who have not previously experienced HMA failure. These findings must be confirmed in prospective studies.
A Tool, an App and a Field: Fluorescent PET Sensors, Blood Electrolyte Analysis and Molecular Logic as Products of Supramolecular Photoscience from Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka
Authors: Yao Chao‐Yi , de Silva A. Prasanna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe general tool of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors/switches – a molecular design principle with engineering features – is outlined, with the aid of frontier orbital energy diagrams. Fluorophores such as anthracene, 1,3‐diaryl‐Δ2‐pyrazolines and 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimides are employed within this system, alongside receptors such as amines, carboxylates, crown ethers and amino acids. This tool appealed to a multinational corporation for building a medical analyzer for electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and gases like CO2, which became a commercially successful application. Finally, the tool was a springboard for chemistry to cross into computer science. The field of molecular logic can elucidate how molecules inside us handle information. Molecular examples of the simplest logic gates such as YES, NOT, OR, AND are described. A case of a human‐level computation – visual edge detection – is also included.
Recontextualization of knowledge in the new Norwegian curriculum: Epistemic and non‐epistemic design in learning objectives for social studies
Authors: Bratland Erik , El Ghami Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recent Norwegian curriculum reform for schools, called “The subject renewal”, is part of an international trend regarding knowledge‐based curricula. The Norwegian curriculum, which places decisive emphasis on subjects and subject concepts, aims to bring in‐depth learning and knowledge back to schools. This paper is based on Rata's theory, referred to as the curriculum design coherence (CDC) model, and examines the curriculum for social studies. The analysis reveals significant differences in the curriculum's goal formulations, with designs that lack connections between subject concepts and content knowledge, which sheds light on how the transition to a knowledge‐based curriculum is accompanied by several unresolved issues. The paper explains why curricula with coherent designs and epistemically structured knowledge are a prerequisite for in‐depth learning and cumulative knowledge building in schools.
iCoreDrop: A robust immune monitoring spectral cytometry assay with six open channels for biomarker flexibility
Authors: Jensen Holly A. , Kim Jeong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent advances in spectral cytometry have extended our ability to monitor immune cell subsets and activation status while simultaneously improving rare population detection. However, technical challenges in reference control selection and autofluorescence extraction serve as barriers to broad application of spectral flow cytometry. Furthermore, the complexity of spectral cytometry panel development limits the adaptation of established assays. Here, we describe the development of a spectral immunophenotyping assay with robust drop‐in capability to enable biomarker interrogation flexibility. The immune monitoring core (iCore), which can be used in part or total, captures broad and granular immune subsets across T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes in peripheral whole blood. Additional user‐selected biomarkers can be dropped in (Drop) using channels BV421, Alexa Fluor 488, PE, PE‐Cy7, APC, and APC‐Cy7. A comprehensive assessment of reagent and panel performance was conducted, including reference control comparison and optimal autofluorescence (AF) extraction on the 5‐laser Cytek Aurora system for healthy donor blood. Assay precision and stability analyses revealed robust intra‐assay precision, with 95% of 83 distinct population gates having <20% CV. In the presence of additional drop‐in markers in two different settings, a T cell module and a myeloid/B cell module, the drop‐in channels themselves achieved <20% CV across 12 out of 13 additionally queried population gates. Overall, establishment of optimal unmixing practices will enable widespread adoption of spectral cytometry assays.