bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching gender and loneliness differently
Authors: Barreto Manuela , Doyle David Matthew , Maes Marlies 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe majority of research on loneliness considers gender by comparing the loneliness reported by men and women. Drawing on current conceptualizations of gender and its effects, we propose alternative ways in which gender should be examined in relation to loneliness. To do so, we consider multiple gender‐related factors and the role of the social environment, particularly societal ideologies about what gender is and how it should be expressed. We provide examples of how this expanded conceptualization can contribute to an improved understanding of loneliness by focusing on the impact of gender nonconformity, gendered life experiences, and couple relationships. We highlight the need for more research and evidence to fill existing gaps in understanding. We conclude that the field can move forward by considering the role of biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender roles, gender relational experiences, and sexual orientation, as well as the social norms against which these are experienced. To truly examine the role of gender in loneliness, we need to consider the normative context where some, but not others, are minoritized and marginalized, as well as move beyond binary notions of gender to include those with nonbinary, transgender, and intersex identities.
Exploring the Influence of Oral and Gut Microbiota on Ulcerative Mucositis: A Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Bartha Valentin , Boutin Sébastien , Schüßler Dorothée L. , Felten Anna , Fazeli Shila , Kosely Florentina , Luft Thomas , Wolff Diana , Frese Cornelia , Schoilew Kyrill 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimComparing oral and gut microbiome profiles between patients with and without ulcerative mucositis during allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT).Materials and MethodsSpecimens from oral mucosa, saliva, and stool were collected pre‐(T0) and post‐ (T0 +28d ± 14d) aSCT (T1). Microbiome structure differences were analyzed by 16S‐rRNA‐gene sequencing, and associations to patients' clinical characteristics were investigated.ResultsTen of 25 included patients developed ulcerations. The α‐diversity decreased between T0 and T1, independent of ulcerations. PERMANOVA revealed differences in beta diversity between T1 stool samples from patients with and without ulcerations. At T1, saliva samples of patients with ulcerations showed an increase of Mycoplasma salvarius, while commensals decreased in saliva and mucosal swabs. The gut microbiome of both groups showed an overabundance of Enterococcus spp., associated with inflammatory conditions. Salival α‐diversity of older and overweight patients decreased slower, whereas in mucosal swabs mucositis or impaired renal function was associated with a higher decline. Female gender and history of periodontitis were associated with increased stool microbiome changes, while self‐reported probiotics intake was related to reduced changes.ConclusionsUlcerations appeared in 40% of the patients. Distinct microbial changes, including increased abundance of Mycoplasma salivarius in saliva and decreased abundance of commensals, marked those with ulcerations.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered in the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00032882)
HUMAN AGENCY IN DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS: DYNAMICS OF CONTINUITY AND TRANSFORMATION IN SOUTH‐EAST ITALY DURING THE COPPER AND BRONZE AGES
Authors: Lucci Enrico 
Published: January 2025

SummaryThis paper investigates the changing cultural landscapes of south‐east Italy between the fourth and second millennia BC, a period that saw profound transformations in sociocultural spheres in the Central Mediterranean. It highlights the intertwined cultural and environmental processes that shaped the inhabited landscape during this period, integrating available environmental and economic studies to understand the changing human‐environment interplay in a spatial perspective.The constructed dataset is based on an extensive survey of scholarly literature, including both excavated sites and those identified through surface collections in open‐air contexts, potentially representing stable or temporary settlements. This dataset enabled the exploration of the types of ecosystems, ecological niches and places chosen by these communities to meet their subsistence and extra‐subsistence economic needs.Utilizing different computational methods and data visualization techniques, this analysis identified major shifts in settlement strategies from various spatial perspectives. Furthermore, the study offers new insights into the dynamics of culturally‐driven ecological niches and the construction, transformation and transmission of their social meaning in the Early Copper Age through to the Late Bronze Age.
THE BIOGRAPHY OF A FRAGMENT. A LATE MESOLITHIC ANTLER OBJECT FROM THE STRANDVÄGEN SITE, SOUTH CENTRAL SWEDEN
Authors: Larsson Lars , Molin Fredrik 
Published: January 2025

SummaryWhen investigating a settlement dated to the late Mesolithic, c.5500 cal BC, at Strandvägen in south‐central Sweden, an extensive assemblage of implements made of bone and antler was found. Among these finds was a richly decorated antler piece, likely part of an antler axe. Originally it was equipped with shallow ornamentation that was later removed and replaced by a second deeper motif of longitudinal bands with filling, occurring in three distinct zones. The degrees of precision shown, manners of execution and motif selection in the later set of decorations suggest that more than one person carried it out. Subsequently, the axe was broken and transformed into another tool, probably a harpoon, which eventually also became fragmented. Finally, the remaining part was deliberately deposited among other selected finds on a stone platform in the river just off the shoreline of the settlement.
Measured Resection as Gap Balance Method in Mobile‐Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Qian , Ren Jianhua , Zhang Wenhui , Liang Tangzhao , Wang Zhe , Xie Siwei , Li Yuhang , Hou Jianfeng , Wang Kun , He Ronghan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveGap balancing is a vital process during mobile‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (MB‐UKA). However, this process commonly depends on the surgeon's experience and lacks specific unified standards. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a novel “measured resection” method for gap balance in MB‐UKA.MethodsThis prospective study included 49 consecutive patients (52 knees) who underwent MB‐UKA from February 1, 2023, to September 1, 2023. Gap balance was achieved by the traditional “two‐finger” method (Group 1, 26 knees) or the measured resection method (Group 2, 26 knees). The novel “measured resection” method was performed by measuring the thickness of the resected posterior femoral condyle and resected medial posterior tibial plateau to assess proper meniscal bearing thickness. Data were collected at baseline and the 6‐month follow‐up. Prosthetic angles, range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oxford knee score (OKS), and Global Perceived Scale (GPE) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Independent samples t‐test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the differences.ResultsThere were significant improvements in all measured outcomes at the 6‐month follow‐up from baseline in both groups (p < 0.01). Patients using measured resection method showed better ROM (130° vs. 120°, p = 0.007), VAS score (1 vs. 2, p = 0.013), and OKS scores (39.9 vs. 38.1, p = 0.013) at 6‐month follow‐up than the traditional “two‐finger” method group. The prosthetic angles, ROM improvement, and GPE showed no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe measured resection method is a reliable method for assisting surgeons in choosing the ideal meniscal bearing thickness in MB‐UKA to achieve proper gap balance and gain better clinical outcomes.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03815448)
Neighborhood Crime Risk and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Children's Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli
Authors: Beauvilaire Celeste J. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that exposure to higher rates of neighborhood disadvantage and contextual threat increases risk for the development of psychopathology in youth, with some evidence that these effects may differ across racial/ethnic groups. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to stress impacts neural responses to threat‐relevant stimuli, less is known about how neighborhood characteristics more generally (e.g., living in neighborhood characterized by high crime risk, whether or not the individual directly experiences any crime) may impact children's neural responses to threat. To address this question, we examined links between census‐derived indices of neighborhood crime and neural reactivity to emotional stimuli in a sample of 100 children (Mage = 9.64, 54% girls, 65% non‐Hispanic White) and whether these differ for children from minority backgrounds compared to non‐Hispanic White children. Focusing on the late positive potential (LPP) event‐related potential (ERP) component, we examined neural reactivity to threat‐relevant stimuli (fearful faces) as well as nonthreat‐relevant negative (sad faces) and positive (happy faces) stimuli across low, medium, and high intensities (morph levels). We found that levels of neighborhood crime risk were associated with larger LPP amplitudes for high‐intensity fearful, but not happy or sad faces, but only among children from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. This suggests that levels of crime risk within one's neighborhood may be a more salient stressor for children from minority racial‐ethnic groups than for non‐Hispanic White children.
Traveling Viral Waves for a Spatial May–Nowak Model with Hybrid Local and Nonlocal Dispersal
Authors: Wang Jie , Guo Jinfen , Zhu Chuanhui , Wang Shuang‐Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate the spatial dynamics of viruses propagating between host cells, the current paper is devoted to studying the existence and nonexistence of viral waves for a reaction–diffusion and May–Nowak system with hybrid dispersal. Specifically, we define a critical wave speed threshold to determine the existence of traveling waves when the viral infection reproduction number . By employing the upper/lower solutions along with the Schauder's fixed‐point theorem, the existence of traveling waves connecting the uninfected and infected states is determined for each wave speed . Conversely, nonexistence is demonstrated through the application of the negative one‐sided Laplace transform for the case . The nonexistence of traveling waves in the case is also demonstrated. Finally, some novel coupled numerical algorithms are developed to analyze the traveling viral waves and asymptotic spreading speed of the model on account of the actual hybrid dispersal features, which strongly shows that the introduction of nonlocal dispersal will accelerate viral infection.
Intersectional precarity of Hazara Afghan refugee migrants in rural Australia
Authors: Radford David , Tan George , Krivokapic‐Skoko Branka , Hetz Heidi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article explores the precarity of Hazara Afghan refugee migrants in a small Australian rural township to elucidate the complexity of the experiences and recognise the multiple and fluid identities of refugee migrants through the lens of intersectionality. The use of an intersectional approach allowed us to unpack precarity in refugee mobilities and better place and understand rural Australia as the social context for their resettlement experiences. Our article highlights how pathways to permanent settlement and family reunification are structured by the refugee visa regimes, which require refugees to work or study in rural areas. This structuring of refugee rural mobilities through refugee visa regimes intensifies the levels and experiences of everyday precarity, exploitation and marginalisation. This article considers how intersectionality can help us understand the complexity of the experiences and recognise multiple identities and inequalities that are dependent on the particularities associated with a rural context. The qualitative fieldwork involving semi‐structured interviews with Hazara Afghan refugee migrants and community stakeholders demonstrates how different identities intersect to create disadvantages and inequalities for Hazaras, which we explore through the intersections of precarious legal status (as refugees/asylum seekers), employment, age and masculinity.
Humeral Head‐Split Fracture in Two Dogs
Authors: Isaac Ingrid , Faux Ian , Clements Dylan Neil , Mai Wilfried , Kapatkin Amy , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTwo skeletally immature female dogs were each investigated for chronic weight‐bearing thoracic limb lameness. The first patient was lame for 2 months following a tumble whilst playing, and the second patient had been intermittently lame since 3 weeks of age. In both cases, radiographic examination of the shoulder revealed fissuring of the caudal humeral head consistent with an incomplete proximal humeral Salter‐Harris type IV fracture with an Enoki‐mushroom‐like appearance of the caudal fragment, where two heads rise from a common stem. There was secondary neoarthrosis of the caudal humeral head fragment with the glenoid rim of the scapula. Humeral head‐split fracture is an unusual fracture pattern that rarely occurs in skeletally immature patients, and conservative management appears to result in reasonable short‐term outcomes. The role of early detection and surgical intervention remains unknown.
Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and ulcers of lower limb: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Mo Yongjun , Zhou Peilin , Wang Wenqiang , Liu Yongzhen , Lin Zhanming , Dong Shunan , Wei Lu , Nie Xinyu , Hua Qikai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInflammatory cytokines are key indicators affecting the development of ulcers of lower limb. The causal role of inflammatory cytokines in ulcers of lower limb and whether this can be mediated by metabolites remain unknown. We conducted a two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal effect of inflammatory cytokines on ulcers of lower limb and the mediating role of metabolites in the association between inflammatory cytokines and ulcers of lower limb. MR analysis identified seven inflammatory cytokines (CCL19, IL‐12β, MCP4, MIP1a, SCF, sirtuin2, and TNFSF9) that promote ulcers of lower limb. Additionally, 56 metabolites were found to be associated with ulcers of lower limb. Mediation MR indicated that the causal effect of sirtuin2 on ulcers of lower limb (total effect Inverse Variance Weighted [IVW]: odds ratio [OR] = 1.162, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.051, 1.285], p = 0.003) is largely mediated by 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate (0.0185, 95% CI [−0.00278, 0.0397], accounting for 11.1% of the total effect).
A powerful but frequently overlooked role of thermodynamics in environmental microbiology: inspirations from anammox
Authors: Li Zibin , Zhou Mingda , Ran Xiaochuan , Wang Weigang , Wang Han , Wang Tong , Wang Yayi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Thermodynamics has long been applied in predicting undiscovered microorganisms or analyzing energy flows in microbial metabolism, as well as evaluating microbial impacts on global element distributions. However, further development and refinement in this interdisciplinary field are still needed. This work endeavors to develop a whole-cycle framework integrating thermodynamics with microbiological studies, focusing on representative nitrogen-transforming microorganisms. Three crucial concepts (reaction favorability, energy balance, and reaction directionality) are discussed in relation to nitrogen-transforming reactions. Specifically, reaction favorability, which sheds lights on understanding the diversity of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, has also provided guidance for novel bioprocess development. Energy balance, enabling the quantitative comparison of microbial energy efficiency, unravels the competitiveness of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms under substrate-limiting conditions. Reaction directionality, revealing the niche-differentiating patterns of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, provides a foundation for predicting biogeochemical reactions under various environmental conditions. This review highlights the need for a more comprehensive integration of thermodynamics in environmental microbiology, aiming to comprehensively understand microbial impacts on the global environment from micro to macro scales.
Novel technologies for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections
Authors: Bermudez Tomas , Schmitz Jonathan E. , Boswell Malcolm , Humphries Romney 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impose a substantial burden on patient quality of life and urine testing accounts for the majority of workload in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Traditional UTI diagnosis relies on symptoms, urinalysis, and culture which are interpreted based on historical guidelines. This approach, while foundational, presents limitations, particularly in complex cases. Low-level bacteriuria and the presence of fastidious organisms are often overlooked or entirely missed in standard urine culture, stressing the need for novel diagnostic methods and technologies. This mini-review summarizes the existing state of UTI diagnostics in 2024 and covers current and upcoming technologies including rapid molecular-based pathogen identification, next-generation sequencing, and advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, these methods represent unique challenges, and as they are implemented, they will require the field to adapt to new concepts to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Rapidly spreading
Enterobacterales
with OXA-48-like carbapenemases
Authors: Peirano Gisele , Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Enterobacterales
(mostly
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Escherichia coli
) with OXA-48-like carbapenemases (e.g., OXA-48, -181, -232, -244) are undermining the global efficiency of carbapenem therapy. In the Middle East, North Africa, and some European countries, OXA-48-like carbapenemases are the most common types of carbapenemases among
Enterobacterales
. Currently, OXA-48 is endemic in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, France, and Belgium; OXA-181 is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, while OXA-232 has been increasing in the Indian Subcontinent. European countries (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, France) are experiencing community outbreaks with
E. coli
ST38 that produce OXA-244, and these strains have been introduced into Norwegian, Polish, and Czech hospitals. The global ascendancy of OXA-48-like genes is due to the combination of carbapenemases with horizontal spread through promiscuous plasmids (e.g., IncL, IncX3, ColE2) and vertical spread with certain high-risk multidrug-resistant clones (e.g.,
K. pneumoniae
ST14, ST15, ST147, ST307;
E. coli
ST38, ST410). This is a powerful “gene survival strategy” that has assisted with the survival of OXA-48-like genes in different environments including the community setting. The laboratory diagnosis is complex; therefore, bacteria with “difficult to detect” variants (e.g., OXA-244, OXA-484) are likely underreported and are spreading silently “beneath the radar” in hospital and community settings.
K. pneumoniae
and
E. coli
with OXA-48-like carbapenemases are forces to be reckoned with.
Betacoronavirus internal protein: role in immune evasion and viral pathogenesis
Authors: Gunawardene Chaminda D. , Wong Lok-Yin Roy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Betacoronaviruses express a small internal (I) protein that is encoded by the same subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) as the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Translation of the +1 reading frame of the N sgRNA through leaky ribosomal scanning leads to expression of the I protein. The I protein is an accessory protein reported to evade host innate immune responses during coronavirus infection. Previous studies have shown that the I proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress type I interferon production by distinct mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the I proteins of betacoronaviruses from different subgenera, with emphasis on its function and role in pathogenesis.
Supplemental Material: New <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar eruption ages reveal an important temporal relationship between mafic and silicic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field
Authors: Messa Cole M. , al. et 
Published: January 2025

<p>Details on <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar methodology and results. </p>
Using a novel smartphone app to track noise and vibration exposure during neonatal ambulance transport
Authors: Partridge Tom , Leslie Andrew , Mistry Aarti , Simpson Rosalind B , Morris David E , McNally Donal , Crowe John , Sharkey Don 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo assess the utility of a bespoke smartphone app to map noise and vibration exposure across neonatal road ambulance journeys.Design and settingProspective observational study of ambulance journeys across a large UK neonatal transport service. Smartphones, with an in-house developed app, were secured to incubator trolleys to collect vibration and noise data for comparison with international standards. A case study exploring alternative routes between hospitals was undertaken.ResultsOver a 12-month period, the app was used to collect data from 1487 interhospital journeys totalling 81 925 km. Noise positively correlated with increasing vehicle speed. Noise exposure never fell below the recommended 45 dB(A) threshold for neonatal patients and exceeded 70 dB(A) for more than 60% of the time. During patient transfers, vibration would be classed as uncomfortable for healthy adults for 68% of journeys. Comparison of 111 journeys on two different routes between the same hospitals demonstrated significantly lower vibration exposure depending on the road type. Safe levels of adult vibration exposure were exceeded on 19% of non-motorway and 3% of motorway journeys between the two hospitals. Vibration and noise levels were significantly higher on concrete compared with asphalt road surface.ConclusionsIt is feasible for neonatal teams to collect detailed route, vibration and noise exposure data using a calibrated smartphone and bespoke app. Collecting large amounts of data and providing live measures to teams could help quantify excessive exposures and guide reduction strategies of these environmental stressors for the benefit of babies, staff and equipment.