bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bicyclic Acetals-'in System-s of Chemical Communication
Authors: Francke W. , Schroder W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Bicyclic acetals play an important role as volatile signals in systems of chemical communication among many insect species, i.e. bark beetles, weevils, and moths. They represent cryptic ketodiols with a glycol- and 1,3- diol-substructure. Alkylated members of four different systems are known, namely derivatives of 2,7-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,8-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1]octane, 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, and 2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]
nonane. Some of the compounds carry an additional oxygen function. A couple of structures have been extensively used as model compounds for studies in synthetic organic chemistry. Brevicomin, 7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane as well as frontalin, 1,5-dimethyl-
6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, have been most frequently prepared. Both pheromones are components of a kind of dialog between males and females of Dendroctonus bark beetles. Also, predators use them as kairomones. Frontalin and 1,3,3-trimethyl-2,7- dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane have been found in volatiles of elephants and men, respectively, however, their biological significance is unknown in these cases. This review will provide an overview over structures of bicyclic acetals which are used as pheromones. It will comprise present knowledge on their occurrence and biological function and include facts and speculations concerning their biosynthesis. Furtheron, analytical aspects, especially mass spectrometry will be discussed, and plotted spectra will be shown. Syntheses, especially those providing optically active products carried out during the last eight years, will be reviewed.
Combinatorial Libraries by Portioning and Mixing
Authors: Furka A. , Bennett W. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Combinatorial chemistry - due to its radically new synthetic methods - can be considered a forerunner of chemistry in the next century. One of the most important methods is the portioning-mixing (split-mix) synthesis which embodies the combinatorial principle. It is easily realized. Both manual and automatic devices have been described. Some features that contribute to its popularity include: it produces all possible structural combinations of the monomers, it has outstanding productivity, it leads to the formation of individual compounds in nearly equimolar quantities (affected by statistics and incomplete reactions), and it can be applied to all classes of organic compounds. Since an enormously large number of compounds can be produced in principle in a relatively short time, some practical considerations are discussed that can be useful in library design. Encoding organic libraries by peptide or nucleotide sequences or with binary tags are also described together with methods for tagging macroscopic support units with electronic chips, two dimensional bar codes or colored resin and capsule caps. Among the deconvolution strategies, the iteration method, positional scanning, omission libraries, the Selectide and the Pharmacopeia methods are mentioned. A collection of libraries prepared by portioning-mixing is also included in graphical format.
Recent Advances in the Solid Phase Synthesis of Drug Heterocyclic Small Molecules
Authors: Andres C. J. , Denhart Derek J. , Deshpande Milind S. , Gillman Kevin W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Because of their synthetic challenge, broad range of physical I chemical properties, and diverse biological activities, heterocycles continue to be of interest to both the academic and industrial chemist. This review covers recent advances in the solid phase synthesis of drug-like heterocyclic small molecules. Syntheses which form the heterocycle on the solid phase are emphasized; syntheses in which a preformed heterocycle is functionalized on the solid support have been omitted. The majority of references are from publication year 1999. This review should be of interest to anyone involved in, or contemplating the solid phase synthesis of small molecule drug-like heterocycles, especially for combinatorial chemistry applications.
A High Throughput Platform for Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX™)
Authors: Drolet D. W. , Jenison R. D. , Smith D. E. , Pratt D. , Hicke B. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX™) process is a combinatorial chemistry method for the isolation of nucleic acid ligands (aptamers) that bind to a desired target molecule with high affinity. In order to increase throughput via automation, we have adapted the SELEX process for protein targets to a robotics-compatible microtiter plate format. A remarkable feature of the platform is that targets are immobilized by hydrophobic adsorption onto the plate surface. Hydrophobic immobilization procedures are simple and require no specialized modification of the protein target. This format was tested by manually performing four independent SELEX experiments. All were concluded within 8 rounds of selection and yielded aptamers that bind in solution to their respective protein target, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, human a-thrombin or human platelet derived growth factor, with
equilibrium dissociation constants below 3 x 1o-10 M.
A Rational Approach to Anticancer Drug Design: 2D and 3D- QSAR,
Molecular Docking and Prediction of ADME Properties using Silico
Studies of Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitors
Authors: Raut Vaibhav V. , Bhandari Shashikant V. , Patil Shital M. , Sarkate Aniket P. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Cancer is the most prevalent disease seen nowadays. Thymidine phosphorylase
(TP) is an angiogenic enzyme that is overexpressed in many solid tumors. Over the years, Thymidine
phosphorylase has emerged as a novel target for anticancer drug development as an inhibitor.

Objective:
To design novel oxadiazole-isatin pharmacophore-containing molecules and explore their
structural requirements related to the anticancer activity.

Methods:
Pharmacophore optimisation was carried out for oxadiazole-isatin hybrid molecules using molecular
modeling studies (2D and 3D QSAR). Further, the new chemical entities were designed using the
combilib tool of V life software. To have a better understanding of the binding interactions, the newly
designed molecules were docked. To achieve a drug-like pharmacokinetic profile, molecules were also
tested for ADME prediction.

Results:
Two-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (2D-QSAR) model was generated
using the multiple regression method with r2 = 0.84 and q2 = 0.76. Three-Dimensional Quantitative
Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) model was obtained by simulated annealing k nearest near
(SA kNN) method with q2 = 0.8099. Molecular docking studies showed promising results. Compound 5
was found to be with the best dock score and the best fit to the active site pocket of the thymidylate phosphorylase
enzyme. The compounds have notable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME) properties that can be predicted to assure a drug-like pharmacokinetic profile.

Conclusion:
One of the most successful and fast-increasing methodologies is molecular modeling. It not
only aids in the prediction of specific target compounds but also aids in the cost reduction of valuable
substances. The successful use of molecular modeling was done in this study, with caution taken to avoid
any chance co-relation. Optimised pharmacophore was obtained and new chemical entities were designed.
Docking studies revealed that Compound 5 has shown better H-bond interaction with Lys 221 and Thr
151 with bond distances 2.0 Α° and 1.8 Α° which is the most active molecule. ADME tests discovered
that the majority of the newly designed compounds were within a reasonable range as required in a druglike
pharmacokinetic profile. Molecules 2, 4, 5, 6 can be considered as a lead for future synthesis and
biological screening.
Assessment of Rheumatoid Hand Function as a Characteristic Feature of
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients Treated with Methotrexate or Methotrexate
with Biological Agents with or without Deformation of Hands
Authors: Wisłowska Małgorzata , Chruściak Tomasz 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The hand is an excellent work tool that provides the functional ability to mechanical work. The hand is affected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, it is a significant prob-lem in the functional sphere as a result of deformities, the grasping function limitation and muscle strength.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was the assessment of grip strength, endurance and manipulation abilities of rheumatoid hands with or without deformities treated with methotrexate (MTX) or MTX plus biologics (MTX+BIO).

Material and Methods:
The study involved 80 RA women, (40 received MTX+BIO, 40 MTX), treated at the Rheumatology Department of the Central Clinical Hospital of Interior Affairs in War-saw. VAS-pain, DAS28, SDAI, HAQ, HAQ hands, estimation of hand grip strength, endurance, and manipulation ability were analyzed.

Results:
In group MTX+BIO, values of DAS28 (3.7±1.3 vs. 4.3±1.2, p=0.019), HAQ (0.72 ± 0.57 vs. 1.08± 0.87, p=0.011) and HAQ-hand (0.85±0.65 vs. 1.19±0.68, p=0.024) were statistically lower than in MTX group. Hand deformations were recorded in 35 (43.7 %) cases, 16 (40 %) in MTX group, 19 (47.5 %) in MTX+BIO. Comparison of grip strength, endurance, and manipulation ability showed better results in MTX+BIO group with deformities (significance level from 0.013 to 0.046) than in MTX group. Relative differences in hand function in MTX + BIO group ranged from 10.8 % (maximal power grip strength) to 127.6 % (minimal hand endurance), after disease duration ad-justment - from 28.2 % (maximal power grip strength) to 148.4 % (minimal hand endurance).

Conclusion::
Measuring grip strength, hand endurance, manipulation abilities are useful in RA pa-tients with hand deformities.
Effectiveness of Dental Pulp-derived Stem Cells and Bone Marrowderived
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Implanted into a Murine Critical
Bone Defect
Authors: Vater Corina , Männel Christian , Bolte Julia , Tian Xinggui , Goodman Stuart B. , Zwingenberger Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been
used for many years in bone tissue engineering applications, the procedure still has drawbacks such as
painful collection methods and damage to the donor site. Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) are
readily accessible, occur in high amounts, and show a high proliferation and differentiation capability.
Therefore, DPSCs may be a promising alternative for BM-MSCs to repair bone defects.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative potential of DPSCs in comparison
to BM-MSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
In vitro investigations included analysis of cell doubling time as well as proliferation and osteogenic
differentiation. For the in vivo study, 36 male NMRI nude mice were randomized into 3 groups: 1)
control (cell-free mineralized collagen matrix (MCM) scaffold), 2) MCM + DPSCs, and 3) MCM + BMMSCs.
Critical size 2 mm bone defects were created at the right femur of each mouse and stabilized by an
external fixator. After 6 weeks, animals were euthanized, and microcomputed tomography scans (μCT)
and histological analyses were performed.

Results:
In vitro DPSCs showed a 2-fold lower population doubling time and a 9-fold higher increase in
proliferation when seeded onto MCM scaffolds as compared to BM-MSCs, but DPSCs showed a significantly
lower osteogenic capability than BM-MSCs. In vivo, the healing of the critical bone defect in
NMRI nude mice was comparable among all groups.

Conclusions:
Pre-seeding of MCM scaffolds with DPSCs and BM-MSCs did not enhance bone defect
healing.
Archetypes and Homophilic Avatars: New Approaches to Studying Far-Right Facebook Practice
Authors: Devries Melody 
Published: February 2022

Background: The concept of archetypes is often deployed to understand people engaged with far-right or right-wing online content. However, this can lead to essentializing assumptions that overlook how users are mobilized to participate with these politics.Analysis: This article theorizes how users are mobilized to perform far-right politics by conceptualizing them as embodying homophilic avatars, treating online practice as performative and homophily as an online and offline force.Conclusion and implications: Through qualitative analysis on Facebook, the homophilic avatar shows how users are driven to engage with far-right or right-wing content via political performativity and homophily, as opposed to psychological tendencies.
Anti-Obesity Effects of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale Plant Extracts and Exercise in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Ibrahim Zana Hassan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

The Aim: To investigate and distinguish the anti-obesity activities of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise against high-fat diet induced obesity at rat model.
Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were randomly separated into 5 groups (n=6): Normal control (NC), high-fat diet control (HFD-C), Arum maculatum extract (AME), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE) and exercise. The NC group fed with normal diet (ND) and all other groups a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Rat body weights (BW) and food intake were obtained weekly. Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low, very low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in serum at the end of the study.
Results: The HFD-C rats were associated with a significant increase (P<0.05) in BW gain with the elevations in serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C &VLDL-C), liver function tests (AST & ALT) and MDA in comparison with NC rats whereas the level of serum HDL-C decreased. Furthermore, treatments of AME, NOE and exercise along with HFD significantly (P<0.05) reduced HFD-induced changes in BW gain and the levels of serum biochemical parameters as compared to rats fed HFD. The most significant effect on reducing weight gain at model rats were recorded by NOE treatment, while the attenuated effects AME on BW gain and AST, exercise on BW gain, TG, VLDL, MDA and AST were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Consumption of HFD for 8 weeks caused HFD-C rats obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic with hepatic cellular injury when compared to the NC rats. AME, NOE and exercise treatments were suppressed the development of obesity as well as attenuated HFD induced changes in serum biochemical parameters of the respective groups when compared to the HFD-C group.
REVITALISASI NILAI-NILAI AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Nugraha Tb. Chaeru , Jalaludin H.U. 
Published: February 2022

n this study, the author tried to compare the internalization of concepts and methods in the life of Islam at the time of Prophet Muhammad and at present time. At the level of concepts, the values of Islam duning the life of Prophet Muhammad were still pure and clear that it could enlighten the community. Meanwhile, at present, some of the values of Islam have been infiltrated by the values of secularism, materialism. In such a case, ft is necessary to revitalize the pure Islamic values as the foundation of life, including the intra-and inter-religious tolerance. Through leaming the smart (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time framed) it is expected f pure Islam will be easily realized. In one hand, evel of methodology, the internalization of Islamic values at the time Prophet was performed comprehensively (kaffah). On the other hand, at present time, the method Of internalization is performed partially and not integrated. It is expected evitalization of the concepts and methods of internalization of Islamic values will be as closed as the methods applied at the time of Prophet Muhammad. First, the revitalization of the concept of ageedah and Islamic values should cover ali aspects of life. Second, the method of intemalizing the values of Islam should touch the Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Third, techniques of internalization hould be creative and innovative, using a various media, including insemination technology.
Jóvenes producen contranarrativas en las redes
Authors: Masanet María-José , Porta Paula Inés 
Published: February 2022

Adolescentes y jóvenes son de los pocos colectivos o grupos que no tienen acceso a los medios generalistas, generan sus contenidos en los medios a través de las redes sociales y otras plataformas, pero no son redactores, guionistas, de la televisión generalista, tardarán en entrar porque son espacios copados por otros grupos. El discurso que se genera hacia ellas y ellos es a través de la mirada de los adultos, mientras las y los jóvenes hicieron contranarrativas en las redes para limpiar su imagen, pero al final los que copan ese espacio mediático más hegemónico no son ellas ni ellos.
Spatial particle size distribution at intact sample surfaces of a Dystric Cambisol under forest use
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Steffen , Gerriets Marisa R. , Neumann Martin , Kubat Jan-Frantisek , Dusek Jaromir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The idea of the present study is to describe the spatially varying particle size distribution (PSD) along intact aggregate surfaces with the laser diffraction method (LDM) of four silty-loamy and OC enriched horizons of a Dystric Cambisol from the Uhlířská catchment (Czech Republic) with the laser diffraction method (LDM). Besides, the comparability of the LDM with the sieve and pipette method (SPM), the reproducibility, and the effect of pretreatment on the particle size distribution derived by LDM were analysed.
The laser diffraction method enables rapid and continuous particle size distribution measurements with required sample amounts of 0.1–0.2 g for each measurement compared to 5–20 g for SPM. The LDM-derived PSD’s can be directly compared with the standardised SPM-derived PSD’s by using regression analysis with coefficients of determination (r2) between 0.83 and 0.93. Sample pretreatment following standardised proceedings indicates a better comparability between the particle size distributions of both methods. Besides, the highest coefficients of variation of up to 78.6 and therefore the lowest reproducibility were found for the unpretreated PSD of the AE and Bs horizon. Thus, limited evaluability and reproducibility of soil material enriched in organic carbon (OC), used in the current study, needs further analysis.
For spatial analysis of PSD’s along intact surfaces of soil aggregates and profiles, spatial data interpolation by inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging, and triangulated irregular networks (TIN) can be used for detailed measuring, mapping, and spatial extension of the sand, silt, and clay fractions at unsampled locations using a set of samples of known locations. The information offers the possibility of comparing and verifying data obtained by non-invasive mid-infrared spectroscopy and Vis–NIR spectroscopy by spatial extension for given soil aggregates and profiles.
Karol Szymanowski’s Vision of New Polish Music
Authors: Kominek Mieczysław 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 19th-century Poland — under Russian, Prussian and Austrian rule at the time – the main goal of music was to promote revival and to stimulate patriotic feelings. Patriotic Polishness drawing on the country’s glorious past was to be the essence of music; modernity of the composer’s language was of secondary importance. Karol Szymanowski unceremoniously criticised this patriotic music as turned towards the provincial Polish tradition. According to Szymanowski, the criterion of Polish and at the same time “civilised musical art” was met only by Chopin. With the regaining of independence Polish art should free itself from patriotic didacticism and pay attention to aesthetic qualities, which was to eliminate the discrepancy between Polishness and Europeanness, between what was national and what was international, universal and European.
The figure of Karol Szymanowski links our musical present, symbolised by the Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music, with the first years of independent Poland, for Warsaw Autumn realized Karol Szymanowski’s vision of modern Polish music. In this vision Polish music was a rightful element of European culture.
Permanent Values and Variability in Janáček´s Opinions on National and Regional Identity in Relation to Music
Authors: Procházková Jarmila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Leoš Janáček (1854–1928) was one of those composers whose work was in many respects closely connected with current social events and yet it carried a deep and timeless ethical message. Janáček’s activity as an artist, teacher and organiser reflected changes in the political and cultural paradigm disseminated in the European countries in the course of more than six decades. He himself went through an interesting inner development resulting from his studies, artistic and life experience, as well as his empathy related not only to his narrow individual but also a wider collective space. His relative isolation from the official artistic establishment of Prague gave him an opportunity to formulate his original views on the European, national, and regional identity. In addition to various literary forms, music composition remained his fundamental means of expression. In this context, this paper will attempt to define the basic directions in Janáček´s dynamic evolution and the areas in which his key values and priorities remained constant.
The Effect of Resveratrol on Sphingosine-1 and Oxidative/ Nitrosative Stress in an Experimental Heart Ischemia Reperfusion Model
Authors: Avnioglu Seda , Güngör Meltem , Kurutas Ergul , Ozturk Unal , Demirhan Ilter , Bakaris Sevgi , Velioglu Halil A. , Cankaya Seyda , Yulug Burak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives: Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound showing significant antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and oxidative stress biomarkers in hearth ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

Materials and Methods: The biochemical and histopathological effects of RSV on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated through ELISA- and light microscope.

Results: We observed statistically significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (p<0.05). Histopathologically, we also observed decreased Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration, myocardial edema, miyositolysis in the treatment group compared to the I/R and sham groups.

Conclusion: Resveratrol may play an important role in cardiac I/R injury through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which were biochemically and histopathologically confirmed in the present study.