bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Side Beaches in the 200 m Towing Tank at the Institute for Marine Dynamics
Authors: Harris Carl 
Published: November 2022

The Clear Water Towing Tank (CWTT) at the Institute for Marine Dynamics (IMD) measures 200 m long x 12 m wide x 7 m deep with a usable run length of approximately 150 meters. The tank is equipped with an electrically driven (manned) towing carriage capable of speeds up to 10 mis and a hydraulically operated, computer controlled dual-flap wavemaker which can generate regular waves of up to 1.0 min height or irregular waves with significant wave heights of up to 0,3 meters.
The tank when built was not equipped with any form of side beaches. Retro-fitting the facility with traditional-style side beaches would be a major expense. Adjustable-height vertical baffles would also, perhaps, be impractical given the limited amount of space between the underside of the towing carriage and the water surface.
In an effort to improve the efficiency of use of this facility, it was decided to experiment with low cost flexible side beaches in the CWTT. Beaches of this type are described by Enzinger and Johnson (Reference 1). The authors report a marked decrease in tank settling time and a corresponding increase in the testing efficiency of their tanks. One notable difference in the IMD approach is the use of these 'beaches' on both sides of the tank rather than just one as is the case in the Hydromechanics Laboratory of the U.S. Naval Academy. It was logical to assume that having energy absorbing devices on both walls would decrease the settling time even further for a nominal extra expense.
This paper describes the use of the (double) 'course rope' beaches in the CWTT and experiments conducted in calm water and regular waves to determine their effectiveness for this facility.
Seakeeping Test on a Semisubmersible Moored in the Environments of Wind, Waves, and Currents
Authors: Hurray J. 
Published: November 2022

The Institute for Marine Dynamics has recently completed a test program on a moored offshore structure in the clear-water tow tank. The program is the first commercial project of this type completed at IMD and required development of techniques to model mooring systems and simulate wind and current.
A 1:45 scale model of a moored, six-column, semisubmersible floating production system was tested in the simulated environment of waves, wind and current to deter-mine motions and mooring forces. The model was moored in the tow tank of dimensions 200 m x 12 m with a still water depth of 7 m. The full scale spread mooring consisting of twelve catenary lines was modelled using four thin cables attached to vertical springs supported at the tank walls. The model mooring system was designed to model horizontal stiffness only and hydrodynamic effects on the mooring lines were assumed to be negligible.
Both regular and irregular waves were generated for the test program. The irregular spectra were analyzed to identify grouping patterns used to compute the slow drift forces on the vessel. Wind was simulated using a bank of twelve analog controlled fans. Two gusting spectra were simulated by fluctuating the fan speeds. Currents were produced in the tank using two rows of nozzles positioned one above the other below the still water surface. Two submersible pumps supported from the main carriage approximately 23 m from the nozzles were used to set up a surface current. The vessel was subjected to the three environments separately. The two irregular wave spectra were then run with wind and current included.
Test results were compared to those predicted by a computer program based on the traditional 3-dimensional source distribution technique using an idealized wetted hull surface of 576 panels. A comparison between the measured and computed results was made with respect to first-order oscillatory motions, second-order drift displacements and mooring forces.
APPINetwork: an R package for building and computational analysis of protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Gosset Simon , Glatigny Annie , Gallopin Mélina , Yi Zhou , Salé Marion , Mucchielli-Giorgi Marie-Hélène 
Published: November 2022

Background
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are essential to almost every process in a cell. Analysis of PPI networks gives insights into the functional relationships among proteins and may reveal important hub proteins and sub-networks corresponding to functional modules. Several good tools have been developed for PPI network analysis but they have certain limitations. Most tools are suited for studying PPI in only a small number of model species, and do not allow second-order networks to be built, or offer relevant functions for their analysis. To overcome these limitations, we have developed APPINetwork (Analysis of Protein–protein Interaction Networks). The aim was to produce a generic and user-friendly package for building and analyzing a PPI network involving proteins of interest from any species as long they are stored in a database.

Methods
APPINetwork is an open-source R package. It can be downloaded and installed on the collaborative development platform GitLab (https://forgemia.inra.fr/GNet/appinetwork). A graphical user interface facilitates its use. Graphical windows, buttons, and scroll bars allow the user to select or enter an organism name, choose data files and network parameters or methods dedicated to network analysis. All functions are implemented in R, except for the script identifying all proteins involved in the same biological process (developed in C) and the scripts formatting the BioGRID data file and generating the IDs correspondence file (implemented in Python 3). PPI information comes from private resources or different public databases (such as IntAct, BioGRID, and iRefIndex). The package can be deployed on Linux and macOS operating systems (OS). Deployment on Windows is possible but it requires the prior installation of Rtools and Python 3.

Results
APPINetwork allows the user to build a PPI network from selected public databases and add their own PPI data. In this network, the proteins have unique identifiers resulting from the standardization of the different identifiers specific to each database. In addition to the construction of the first-order network, APPINetwork offers the possibility of building a second-order network centered on the proteins of interest (proteins known for their role in the biological process studied or subunits of a complex protein) and provides the number and type of experiments that have highlighted each PPI, as well as references to articles containing experimental evidence.

Conclusion
More than a tool for PPI network building, APPINetwork enables the analysis of the resultant network, by searching either for the community of proteins involved in the same biological process or for the assembly intermediates of a protein complex. Results of these analyses are provided in easily exportable files. Examples files and a user manual describing each step of the process come with the package.
Astrocytes in Paper Chips and Their Interaction with Hybrid Vesicles
Authors: Abild Meyer Cathrine , De Dios Andres Paula , Brodszkij Edit , Westensee Isabella N. , Lyons Joseph , Vaz Sandra H. , Städler Brigitte 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe role of astrocytes in brain function has received increased attention lately due to their critical role in brain development and function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the biological evaluation of soft material nanoparticles in astrocytes remains unexplored. Here, the interaction of crosslinked hybrid vesicles (HVs) and either C8‐D1A astrocytes or primary astrocytes cultured in polystyrene tissue culture or floatable paper‐based chips is investigated. The amphiphilic block copolymer poly(cholesteryl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐carboxyethyl acrylate) (P1) and 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine lipids are used for the assembly of HVs with crosslinked membranes. The assemblies show no short‐term toxicity towards the C8‐D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes, and both cell types internalize the HVs when cultured in 2D cell culture. Further, it is demonstrated that both the C8‐D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes could mature in paper‐based chips with preserved calcium signaling and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Last, it is confirmed that both types of astrocytes could internalize the HVs when cultured in paper‐based chips. These findings lay out a fundamental understanding of the interaction between soft material nanoparticles and astrocytes, even when primary astrocytes are cultured in paper‐based chips offering a 3D environment.
Self‐Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Marriage between Self‐Healing Polymer Chemistry and Triboelectric Devices
Authors: Li Changyang , Guo Hengyu , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Peng , Zhang Dun , Sun Yihan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on the triboelectrification and electrostatic induction coupling, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, showing a promising potential in the fields of micro/nano energy and self‐powered sensors applications. However, the devices are prone to malfunction due to fatigue and damage, limiting their development and applications. In this review, according to the working modes and operational malfunctions as well as the possible solutions, it is proposed that a robust TENG device can be constructed from three perspectives: self‐healing friction layers, self‐healing electrodes, and self‐healing whole devices. Based on the structure, suitable environment, and self‐healing materials, the design ideas and fabrication approaches of self‐healing TENGs in recent years are summarized in detail. Finally, the development of self‐healing TENGs in energy harvesting and self‐powered sensors is outlined. It is the wish to provide insights and guidance for the application design of self‐healing TENGs in the future.
P‐Mediated Cu–N4 Sites in Carbon Nitride Realizing CO2 Photoreduction to C2H4 with Selectivity Modulation
Authors: Xie Wenke , Li Kuangjun , Liu Xuan‐He , Zhang Xing , Huang Hongwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction to high value‐added C2 products (e.g., C2H4) is of considerable interest but challenging. The C2H4 product selectivity strongly hinges on the intermediate energy levels in the CO2 reduction pathway. Herein, Cu–N4 sites anchored phosphorus‐modulated carbon nitride (CuACs/PCN) is designed as a photocatalyst to tailor the intermediate energy levels in the the C2H4 formation reaction pathway for realizing its high production with tunable selectivity. Theoretical calculations combined with experimental data demonstrate that the formation of the C−C coupling intermediates can be realized on Cu–N4 sites and the surrounding doped P facilitates the production of C2H4. Thus, CuACs/PCN exhibits a high C2H4 selectivity of 53.2% with a yielding rate of 30.51 µmol g−1. The findings reveal the significant role of the coordination environment and surrounding microenvironment of Cu single atoms in C2H4 formation and offer an effective approach for highly selective CO2 photoreduction to produce C2H4.
Nucleus‐Targeting Carbon Quantum Dots Assembled with Gambogic Acid via π–π Stacking for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Wang Jianfeng , Li Haiguang , Xu Chen , Guo Yimin , Bao Xiaotong , Guan Shaokang , Liu Hairong , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemotherapy combined with nanocarriers has received increased attention as a thriving strategy for tumor therapy. However, drug resistance (DR), poor circulation, and retention in cells are the main challenges of this therapy. Herein, a novel strategy is developed to target drug delivery via π–π stacking interactions to overcome DR and short circulation and retention in cells. Carbon quantum dots (CDs) and gambogic acid (GA) are assembled via a π–π stacking interaction, which increases the drug‐loading capacity of CDs as well as the circulation and retention of GA‐loaded CDs (CDs/GA). CDs/GA significantly inhibit cell proliferation because CDs enter the nucleus and avoid drug pump recognition. GA released from CDs/GA promotes apoptosis by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species via the mitochondrial pathway. As a result, the delivery system of CDs/GA via π–π stacking displays a significant therapeutic effect on hepatoma (HepG2) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The mechanisms of DR and induction of apoptosis are further investigated. The results suggest that chemotherapy combined with CDs can facilitate the targeting of the nucleus, thereby inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.
Effect of collaborative dementia care on potentially inappropriate medication use: Outcomes from the Care Ecosystem randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liu Amy K. , Possin Katherine L. , Cook Kristen M. , Lynch Shalini , Dulaney Sarah , Merrilees Jennifer J. , Braley Tamara , Kiekhofer Rachel E. , Bonasera Stephen J. , Allen Isabel E. , Chiong Winston , Clark Amy M. , Feuer Julie , Ewalt Joan , Guterman Elan L. , Gearhart Rosalie , Miller Bruce L. , Lee Kirby P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) cause adverse events and death. We evaluate the Care Ecosystem (CE) collaborative dementia care program on medication use among community‐dwelling persons living with dementia (PLWD).MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing CE to usual care (UC) on changes in PIMs, over 12 months between March 2015 and May 2020. Secondary outcomes included change in number of medications, clinically relevant PIMs, and anti‐dementia medications.ResultsOf 804 PLWD, N = 490 had complete medication data. The CE resulted in significantly fewer PIMs compared to UC (−0.35; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.20; P < 0.0001). Number needed to prevent an increase in 1 PIM was 3. Total medications, PIMs for dementia or cognitive impairment, CNS‐active PIMs, anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, and opioids were also fewer. Anti‐dementia medication regimens were modified more frequently.ConclusionThe CE medication review intervention embedded in collaborative dementia care optimized medication use among PLWD.Highlights
Compared to usual care (UC), the Care Ecosystem (CE) medication review intervention prevented increases in potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs).

Use of anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, and opioids were significantly reduced, with a trend for antipsychotics.

Anti‐dementia medications were adjusted more frequently.

The CE medication review intervention embedded in collaborative dementia care optimized medication use.
Population‐based discovery and Mendelian randomization analysis identify telmisartan as a candidate medicine for Alzheimer's disease in African Americans
Authors: Zhang Pengyue , Hou Yuan , Tu Wanzhu , Campbell Noll , Pieper Andrew A. , Leverenz James B. , Gao Sujuan , Cummings Jeffrey , Cheng Feixiong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAfrican Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs) differ in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation and AAs are less likely to enroll in AD clinical trials.MethodsWe conducted race‐conscious pharmacoepidemiologic studies of 5.62 million older individuals (age ≥60) to investigate the association of telmisartan exposure and AD outcome using Cox analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and log‐rank test. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of large ethnically diverse genetic data to test likely causal relationships between telmisartan's target and AD.ResultsWe identified that moderate/high telmisartan exposure was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of AD in the AAs compared to low/no telmisartan exposure (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.91,p‐value = 0.0022), but not in the non‐Hispanic EAs (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.05,p‐value = 0.4110). Sensitivity and sex‐/age‐stratified patient subgroup analyses identified that telmisartan's medication possession ratio (MPR) and average hypertension daily dosage were significantly associated with a stronger reduction in the incidence of both AD and dementia in AAs. Using MR analysis from large genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) (over 2 million individuals) across AD, hypertension, and diabetes, we further identified AA‐specific beneficial effects of telmisartan for AD.DiscussionRandomized controlled trials with ethnically diverse patient cohorts are warranted to establish causality and therapeutic outcomes of telmisartan and AD.HighlightsTelmisartan is associated with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in African Americans (AAs).Telmisartan is the only angiotensin II receptor blockers having PPAR‐γ agonistic properties with beneficial anti‐diabetic and renal function effects, which mitigate AD risk in AAs.Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis demonstrates the specificity of telmisartan's protective mechanism to AAs.
Biocatalytic Thionation of Epoxides for Enantioselective Synthesis of Thiiranes
Authors: Ma Ran , Hua Xia , He Cheng‐Li , Wang Hui‐Hui , Wang Zhu‐Xiang , Cui Bao‐Dong , Han Wen‐Yong , Chen Yong‐Zheng , Wan Nan‐Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExpanding the enzymatic toolbox for the green synthesis of valuable molecules is still of high interest in synthetic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral thiiranes are valuable sulfur‐containing heterocyclic compounds, but relevant methods for their enantioselective synthesis are limited. Herein, we report a biocatalytic thionation strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of thiiranes, which was developed based on the halohydrin dehalogenase (HHDH)‐catalyzed enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of epoxides with thiocyanate and a subsequent nonenzymatic rearrangement process. A novel HHDH was identified and engineered for enantioselective biocatalytic thionation of various aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted epoxides on a preparative scale, affording the corresponding thiiranes in up to 43 % isolated yield and 98 % ee. Large‐scale synthesis and useful transformations of chiral thiiranes were also performed to demonstrate the utility and scalability of the biocatalytic thionation strategy.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Hydrosilylation to Access Silicon‐Stereogenic Center
Authors: Zeng Yan , Fang Xiao‐Jun , Tang Ren‐He , Xie Jing‐Yu , Zhang Feng‐Jiao , Xu Zheng , Nie Yi‐Xue , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrategies on the construction of enantiomerically pure silicon‐stereogenic silanes generally relies on desymmetrization of prochiral and symmetric substrates. However, dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations of organosilicon compounds have remained underdeveloped and unforeseen owing to a lack of an effective method for deracemization of the static silicon stereocenters. Here we report the first Rh‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric intramolecular hydrosilylation (DyKAH) with “silicon‐centered” racemic hydrosilanes that enables the facile preparation of silicon‐stereogenic benzosiloles in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The special rhodium catalyst controlled by non‐diastereopure‐type mixed phosphine‐phosphoramidite ligand with axial chirality and multiple stereocenters can induce enantioselectivity efficiently in this novel DyKAH reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the amide moiety in chiral ligand plays important role in facilitating the SN2 substitution of chloride ion to realize the chiral inversion of silicon center.
Towards multifunctional landscapes coupling low carbon feed and bioenergy production with restorative agriculture: Economic deployment potential of grass‐based biorefineries
Authors: Yilmaz Balaman Sebnem , Berndes Göran , Cederberg Christel , Rosenqvist Håkan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrass‐based biomass from grasslands can be used as feedstock in green biorefineries (GBs) that produce a range of biobased products. In addition, adjustments made as part of crop rotation to increase areas under temporary grasslands can yield benefits such as carbon sequestration, increased soil productivity, reduced eutrophication and reduced need for pesticides. In this paper, a flexible modeling framework is developed to analyze the deployment options for GBs that use grass–clover to produce protein feed and feedstock for bioenergy. The focus is placed on optimal deployment, considering system configuration and operation, as well as land use changes designed to increase grass–clover cultivation on cropland. A case study involving 17 counties in Sweden showed that the deployment of GB systems could support biomethane and protein feed production corresponding to 5–60 and 13–154%, respectively, of biomethane and soybean feed imports to Sweden in 2020. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An assessment of the reliability of 52 enhanced preliminary embryofetal development studies to detect developmental toxicity
Authors: Barrow Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary embryofetal development (pEFD) data from two species are currently recommended before inclusion of women of child‐bearing potential (WOCBP) in clinical trials in Europe or Japan, but not before trials in the United States. The ICH S5(R3) guideline advises an “enhanced” study design for this purpose.MethodsThe reliability of pEFD studies was assessed by comparing the outcome of 52 enhanced pEFD studies (25 rat, 23 rabbit, and 4 mouse) with the results of the definitive nonclinical EFD assessment.ResultsFour pEFD studies revealed severe developmental hazard without the need for a main EFD study. Only one pEFD study failed to detect drug‐related teratogenicity or pregnancy failure subsequently detected in the main study. There were, however, some false positive and some equivocal pEFD study results. Of the 48 pEFD studies for which a main EFD study was performed, 16 (33%) failed to accurately predict (within two‐fold) the no adverse effect level (NOAEL) for developmental toxicity subsequently defined in the main EFD study. Skeletal examination of fetuses in the pEFD study was necessary was to detect drug‐induced malformations. One quarter (23%) of EFD investigations revealed malformations and/or pregnancy failure at one dose level or more.ConclusionspEFD studies are effective for the detection of serious or irreversible effects on embryofetal development, provided that full fetal examinations are completed. They are not, however, sufficiently powered to reliably define the NOAEL for developmental toxicity. The regulatory impact of pEFD studies remains obscure since maximum pregnancy prevention precautions are required in clinical trials in all regions until the results of the main EFD studies are available.