bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional quasi‐Z‐source DC‐DC converter with Lyapunov function‐based controller in stand‐alone photovoltaic‐connected system
Authors: Battula Santhoshkumar , Garg Man Mohan , Panda Anup Kumar , Senapati Laxmidhar 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis article proposes a bidirectional quasi‐Z‐source DC‐DC converter (BQZSDC) to integrate distributed energy storage system with a stand‐alone photovoltaic (PV)‐connected system. The operational challenges like control and energy management of the renewable‐driven stand‐alone systems have been an interest of research. However, the challenge is managing the renewable energy source and the distributed energy storage system and simultaneously catering to the loads. This article analyzes the performance of a BQZSDC with a Lyapunov function‐based controller for regulating DC link voltage (load voltage) and battery current. A duty‐ratio feedforward control unit and a Lyapunov function‐based feedback control unit are used to develop the controller. The duty‐ratio feedforward control unit is used to reduce the burden on the feedback controller. The closed‐loop system is exponentially stable with the feedback controller, offering excellent transient responsiveness even under large disturbances. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink show that the controller functions satisfactorily in achieving regulation objectives. Finally, experimental results validate the performance of the proposed controller.
Frequency offset suppression method for wireless power transfer based on nonlinear resonant network
Authors: Wang Meng , Yin Renliang , Shi Yanyan , Song Guangcheng , Yang Lin 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn magnetically resonant wireless power transfer (MR‐WPT) systems, transmitter, and receiver usually operate at the same resonant frequency. However, parameters of inductor, capacitor, or other components are susceptible to changes due to environmental factors and cause resonant frequency deviation. This would lead to decrease of transmission performance. To solve the problem, a wireless power transfer system based on a nonlinear compensation network is proposed to suppress frequency offset. The modeling of the nonlinear MR‐WPT system is first established. On this basis, the mathematical equation of the equivalent nonlinear circuit is deduced and the amplitude‐frequency response characteristics are analyzed. The influence of inductance parameter on the nonlinear characteristic is studied. Furthermore, the effects of excitation amplitude, compensation capacitance, load, and magnetic ring turns on the operating characteristics of the nonlinear resonant circuit are analyzed. The proposed nonlinear resonant wireless power transfer system is constructed and is experimentally studied. Compared with the traditional linear MR‐WPT system, the results show that frequency offset can be effectively suppressed, which ensures efficient transmission performance with the proposed method.
Cystatin B increases autophagic flux by sustaining proteolytic activity of cathepsin B and fuels glycolysis in pancreatic cancer: CSTB orchestrates autophagy and glycolysis in PDAC
Authors: Jiang Yongsheng , Han Lijie , Xue Meilin , Wang Ting , Zhu Youwei , Xiong Cheng , Shi Minmin , Li Hongzhe , Hai Wangxi , Huo Yanmiao , Shen Baiyong , Jiang Lingxi , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth autophagy and glycolysis are essential for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survival due to desmoplasia. We investigated whether targeting a hub gene which participates in both processes could be an efficient strategy for PDAC treatment.MethodsThe expression pattern of glycolysis signatures (GS) and autophagy signatures (AS) and their correlation with cystatin B (CSTB) in PDAC were analysed. It was discovered how CSTB affected the growth, glycolysis, and autophagy of PDAC cells. We assessed competitive binding to cathepsin B (CTSB) between CSTB and cystatin C (CSTC) via immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR) and luciferase reporter gene assays were used to unveil the mechanism underlying CSTB upregulation. The expression pattern of CSTB was examined in clinical samples and KrasG12D/+, Trp53R172H/+, Pdx1‐Cre (KPC) mice.ResultsGS and AS were enriched and closely associated in PDAC tissues. CSTB increased autophagic flux and provided substrates for glycolysis. CSTB knockdown attenuated the proliferation of PDAC cells and patient‐derived xenografts. The liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry assay indicated CSTB interacted with CTSB and contributed to the proteolytic activity of CTSB in lysosomes. IF and IP assays demonstrated that CSTB competed with CSTC to bind to CTSB. Mutation of the key sites of CSTB abolished the interaction between CSTB and CTSB. CSTB was highly expressed in PDAC due to H3K27acetylation and SP1 expression. High expression of CSTB in PDAC was observed in tissue microarray and patients’ serum samples.ConclusionsOur work demonstrated the tumorigenic roles of autophagy and glycolysis in PDAC. CSTB is a key role in orchestrating these processes to ensure energy supply of PDAC cells.
RNA‐methyltransferase Nsun5 controls the maternal‐to‐zygotic transition by regulating maternal mRNA stability
Authors: Ding Chenyue , Lu Jiafeng , Li Jincheng , Hu Xiujuan , Liu Zhenxing , Su Han , Li Hong , Huang Boxian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRNA modification‐induced ovarian dysgenesis appears to be necessary for ovary development. However, how m5C (5‐methylcytosine)‐coordinating modificatory transcripts are dynamically regulated during oogenesis, and ovarian development is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 5 (Nsun5) deletion leads to suppression of ovarian function and arrest of embryonic development. The regulation of mRNA decay and stability by m5C modification is essential at multiple stages during the maternal‐to‐zygotic (MZT) transition.MethodsMouse ovaries and oocytes with Nsun5KO and the KGN cell line were subjected to m5C identification, alternative splicing analysis and protein expression. BS‐m5C‐seq, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence and actinomycin D treatment assays were used. In particular, BS‐m5C‐seq revealed a dynamic pattern of m5C sites and genes in the ovaries between Nsun5KO and WT mice at the 2‐month and 6‐month stages. Diverse bioinformatic tools were employed to identify target genes for Nsun5.ResultsHere, a maternal mRNA stability study showed that deletion of the m5C methyltransferase Nsun5 obstructs follicular development and ovarian function, which leads directly to inhibition of embryogenesis and embryo development. Dynamic analysis of m5C revealed that the level of m5C decreased in a time‐dependent manner after Nsun5 knockout. Regarding the molecular mechanism, we found that Nsun5 deficiency caused a m5C decline in the exon and 3′UTR regions that influenced the translation efficiency of Mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2 (MAD2L2) and Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) in the ovary. Mechanistic investigation of alternative splicing indicated that Nsun5KO triggers aberrant events in the exon region of Brd8.ConclusionsNsun5 loss arrests follicular genesis and development in ovarian aging, indicating that Nsun5/m5C‐regulated maternal mRNA stabilization is essential for MZT transition.
Engineering chimeric antigen receptor T cells for solid tumour therapy
Authors: Liu Longwei , Qu Yunjia , Cheng Leonardo , Yoon Chi Woo , He Peixiang , Monther Abdula , Guo Tianze , Chittle Sarah , Wang Yingxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCell‐based immunotherapy, for example, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell immunotherapy, has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for blood cancers. However, factors such as insufficient T cell tracking, tumour heterogeneity, inhibitory tumour microenvironment (TME) and T cell exhaustion limit the broad application of CAR‐based immunotherapy for solid tumours. In particular, the TME is a complex and evolving entity, which is composed of cells of different types (e.g., cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells), vasculature, soluble factors and extracellular matrix (ECM), with each component playing a critical role in CAR‐T immunotherapy. Thus, developing approaches to mitigate the inhibitory TME factors is critical for future success in applying CAR‐T cells for solid tumour treatment. Accordingly, understanding the bilateral interaction of CAR‐T cells with the TME is in pressing need to pave the way for more efficient therapeutics. In the following review, we will discuss TME‐associated aspects with an emphasis on T cell trafficking, ECM barriers, abnormal vasculature, solid tumour heterogenicity and immune suppressive microenvironment. We will then summarize current engineering strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the TME‐associated factors. Lastly, the future directions for engineering efficient CAR‐T cells for solid tumour therapy will be discussed.
Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function
Authors: Jeyaraj Deepa , Yesudhasan Justindhas , Aliar Ahamed Ali Samsu 
Published: December 2022

SummaryOne of the infrastructure‐free networks is mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that are built with limited battery life using wireless mobile devices. This restricted battery capability in MANETs creates the necessity of considering the energy‐awareness constraint in designing them. As routing protocols, the major aim of MANETs is to create the energy awareness in the network; it improves the network's lifetime through effectively utilizing the available restricted energy. Moreover, it creates some limitations like the mobility constraint, wireless link's sensitivity to environmental impacts, and restricted transmission range and residual energy of nodes that causes rapid modifications in the network topology and frequent link failure. By taking those problems, this paper plans to develop a new multipath routing protocol, where the hybrid optimization algorithm with the integration of cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is proposed and named sensory modality‐based cuckoo search butterfly optimization (SM‐CSBO) for determining the optimal path between the source and destination. The main goal is to select the path with better link quality and more stable links to guarantee reliable data transmission. The multi‐objective function is considered with the factors regarding distance, normalized energy, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead to develop an effective routing protocol in MANET. The proposed model of SM‐CSBO algorithm has superior than 5.8%, 30.4%, 36.7%, and 39.3%, correspondingly maximized than PSO, SFO, CSO, and SFO algorithms while considering the number of nodes as 150. The simulation outcomes proved that it enhances network performance when compared with the other traditional protocols.
Face processing in the infant brain after pandemic lockdown
Authors: Yates Tristan S. , Ellis Cameron T. , Turk‐Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe role of visual experience in the development of face processing has long been debated. We present a new angle on this question through a serendipitous study that cannot easily be repeated. Infants viewed short blocks of faces during fMRI in a repetition suppression task. The same identity was presented multiple times in half of the blocks (repeat condition) and different identities were presented once each in the other half (novel condition). In adults, the fusiform face area (FFA) tends to show greater neural activity for novel versus repeat blocks in such designs, suggesting that it can distinguish same versus different face identities. As part of an ongoing study, we collected data before the COVID‐19 pandemic and after an initial local lockdown was lifted. The resulting sample of 12 infants (9–24 months) divided equally into pre‐ and post‐lockdown groups with matching ages and data quantity/quality. The groups had strikingly different FFA responses: pre‐lockdown infants showed repetition suppression (novel > repeat), whereas post‐lockdown infants showed the opposite (repeat > novel), often referred to as repetition enhancement. These findings provide speculative evidence that altered visual experience during the lockdown, or other correlated environmental changes, may have affected face processing in the infant brain.
Daily, limited access to methamphetamine self‐administration during pregnancy leads to increased methamphetamine sensitivity in adult offspring
Authors: Pareek Tanya , Platt Donna M. , Rüedi‐Bettschen Daniela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMethamphetamine use by women, even throughout pregnancy, is common. But there is limited knowledge about the effects in prenatally methamphetamine‐exposed children. This study investigated how prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats, via maternal i.v. self‐administration, affected the sensitivity of adult offspring to methamphetamine in comparison with controls. The offspring were generated from dams either self‐administering methamphetamine daily under limited‐access conditions prior to and throughout pregnancy, or their respective saline‐yoked control dams. Spontaneous and methamphetamine‐induced locomotor activity was assessed in male and female offspring of both exposure groups after a range of methamphetamine doses. In a separate group of offspring, acquisition of i.v. methamphetamine self‐administration, responding under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of methamphetamine reinforcement, and reinstatement of extinguished drug‐seeking behavior were assessed. Methamphetamine dose‐dependently increased locomotor activity in both exposure groups. However, methamphetamine‐exposed males showed significantly enhanced locomotor activity compared with controls at 1 mg/kg, and methamphetamine‐exposed females showed significantly enhanced locomotor activity compared with controls at 3.2 mg/kg. Methamphetamine‐exposed offspring of both sexes acquired methamphetamine self‐administration faster and showed overall higher levels of methamphetamine‐induced reinstatement compared with controls. Taken together, these results indicate that prenatal methamphetamine exposure to relatively low levels alters methamphetamine sensitivity in male and female adult offspring.
Maternal prenatal cortisol and the interaction of income and pre‐pregnancy body mass index are independently associated with newborn cortisol
Authors: Reid Brie M. , Sokol Natasha , Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki L. , Stroud Laura R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile extensive research has supported the developmental programming hypothesis regarding contributions of prenatal psychosocial or nutritional adversity to offspring stress physiology, fewer studies consider both exposures together with maternal stress physiology. This study examined newborn cortisol output during a stressor as a function of maternal pre‐pregnancy health status and nutritional history (pre‐pregnancy body mass index [PPBMI]), economic resources (household income), and maternal cortisol awakening response (mCAR) in late pregnancy. Participants were 102 mother‐infant pairs from an economically and racial/ethnically diverse sample. Offspring salivary cortisol response to a neurobehavioral exam was assessed at 1 month. Income and maternal PPBMI were positively associated with mCAR in late pregnancy. mCAR was positively related to 1‐month newborn cortisol response. The interaction of income and PPBMI was positively associated with newborn cortisol output during an exam at 1‐month. Mothers with the highest PPBMI and lowest income had offspring with higher cortisol responses than offspring of mothers with higher income and lower PPBMI. There was no evidence of indirect mediation effects of predictors (PPBMI, income, and interaction) on infant cortisol via mCAR. The differential effects of the interaction of PPBMI and income suggest that these exposures influence infant cortisol output in the context of one another, independent of maternal pregnancy cortisol.
Changes in early optical coherence tomography angiography among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to fibroblast growth factor 21
Authors: Sherif Eman M. , Matter Randa M. , Salah Nouran Yousef , Abozeid Nour Eldin H. , Atif Heba M. , Tantawy Nermien M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsCurrent diagnostic and treatment modalities target late stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) when retinopathy has already been established. Novel and more sensitive strategies are needed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) permits non‐invasive visualisation of retinal microcirculation. Fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF21) plays an important role in glucose and lipid homoeostasis. This study assesses early OCTA changes among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared to fundus photography and correlates them to diabetes‐duration, glycaemic control, and FGF21; hence, it determines their value in early detection of DR.MethodologyHundred children and adolescents with T1DM were assessed for diabetes‐duration, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, and diabetic‐ketoacidosis frequency, Tanner staging, glycated‐haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipids, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and serum FGF21. OCTA and fundus photography were done for the studied patients and 100 age, gender, and Tanner matched healthy controls.ResultsThe mean age of the children and adolescents with T1DM was 10.84 years, their mean diabetes‐duration was 3.27 years and their median FGF21 was 150 pg/ml. FGF21 was significantly higher among children and adolescents with T1DM than controls (p < 0.001). Children and adolescents with T1DM had a significantly larger foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and lower peripapillary and inside‐disc capillary densities (p < 0.05); with no significant fundus photography difference (p = 0.155) than controls. FAZ was positively correlated and peripapillary and inside‐disc capillary densities were negatively correlated with diabetes‐duration, HbA1c, FGF21, and Tanner stage. FGF21 was significantly higher in T1DM children and adolescents having OCTA changes compared to those with normal OCTA (p = 0.002). Multivariate‐regression revealed that FAZ is independently associated with diabetes‐duration, HbA1c and FGF21.ConclusionsOCTA changes start early in children and adolescents with T1DM long before the fundus changes. These changes are correlated with diabetes‐duration, puberty, glycaemic, and FGF21.
Frem1 activity is regulated by Sonic hedgehog signaling in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme during midfacial morphogenesis
Authors: McLaughlin Matthew T. , Sun Miranda R. , Beames Tyler G. , Steward Austin C. , Theisen Joshua W. M. , Chung Hannah M. , Everson Joshua L. , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Sheets Michael D. , Lipinski Robert J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrem1 has been linked to human face shape variation, dysmorphology, and malformation, but little is known about its regulation and biological role in facial development.ResultsDuring midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 expression in the embryonic growth centers that form the median upper lip, nose, and palate. Expansive spatial gradients of Frem1 expression in the cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme of these tissues suggested transcriptional regulation by a secreted morphogen. Accordingly, Frem1 expression paralleled that of the conserved Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene Gli1 in the cNCC mesenchyme. Suggesting direct transcriptional regulation by Shh signaling, we found that Frem1 expression is induced by SHH ligand stimulation or downstream pathway activation in cNCCs and observed GLI transcription factor binding at the Frem1 transcriptional start site during midfacial morphogenesis. Finally, we found that FREM1 is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner and that Shh pathway antagonism reduces Frem1 expression during pathogenesis of midfacial hypoplasia.ConclusionsBy demonstrating that the Shh signaling pathway regulates Frem1 expression in cNCCs, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying variation in midfacial morphogenesis.
leptin b and its regeneration enhancer illustrate the regenerative features of zebrafish hearts
Authors: Shin Kwangdeok , Begeman Ian J. , Cao Jingli , Kang Junsu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundZebrafish possess a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is mediated by the induction of various genes upon injury. Injury‐dependent transcription is governed by the tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs). Here, we utilized leptin b (lepb), an injury‐specific factor, and its TREE to dissect heterogeneity of noncardiomyocytes (CMs) in regenerating hearts.ResultsOur single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis demonstrated that the endothelium/endocardium(EC) is activated to induce distinct subpopulations upon injury. We demonstrated that lepb can be utilized as a regeneration‐specific marker to subset injury‐activated ECs. lepb+ ECs robustly induce pro‐regenerative factors, implicating lepb+ ECs as a signaling center to interact with other cardiac cells. Our scRNA‐seq analysis identified that lepb is also produced by subpopulation of epicardium (Epi) and epicardium‐derived cells (EPDCs). To determine whether lepb labels injury‐emerging non‐CM cells, we tested the activity of lepb‐linked regeneration enhancer (LEN) with chromatin accessibility profiles and transgenic lines. While nondetectable in uninjured hearts, LEN directs EC and Epi/EPDC expression upon injury. The endogenous LEN activity was assessed using LEN deletion lines, demonstrating that LEN deletion abolished injury‐dependent expression of lepb, but not other nearby genes.ConclusionsOur integrative analyses identify regeneration‐emerging cell‐types and factors, leading to the discovery of regenerative features of hearts.
Effects of microforms on the evaporation of peat‐bryophyte‐litter column in a montane peatland in Canadian Rocky Mountain
Authors: Wang Yi , Petrone Richard M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeatland microtopography contains hummocks (local high points) and hollows (local low points). Little is known about how the evaporation of peat (P), peat‐bryophyte (BP), peat‐litter (LP) and peat‐bryophyte‐litter (LBP) columns varies with peatland microforms. That is, whether there are fine‐scale variations in peatland evaporation, and if they are critical when being upscaled to the entire peatland ecosystem is yet to be answered. This study found that evaporation was significantly affected by cover type (P, BP, LP or LBP) and the interaction effect of the cover type and microform, based on the field evaporation experiments in a montane peatland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, during the growing season of 2021. Mean daily evaporation of P‐Hummock and P‐Hollow is 14.16 and 11.76 g day−1, respectively; BP‐Hummock and BP‐Hollow is 9.57 and 14.38 g day−1, respectively; LBP‐Hummock and LBP‐Hollow is 9.44 and 9.91 g day−1, respectively; and evaporation of LP‐Hummock and LP‐Hollow is 5.68 and 7.64 g day−1, respectively. Peatland microform indirectly affected evaporation through interactions with cover type, modifying the vertical profile of soil temperature and changing key environmental drivers of evaporation. Moreover, the ability of two widely used models in modelling the spatial variation of peatland evaporation was also tested. It was found that Penman–Monteith (P–M) model and the bryophyte layer model in the Atmosphere‐Plant Exchange Simulator (APES) were able to yield satisfactory results based on field measurements of soil temperature and soil moisture. This study supports developing more practical evaluation tools on the hydrological state of peatland ecosystems.