bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Cardioembolic Complications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy and Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Isolation and Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Pevzner D. V. , Kostritca N. S. , Alieva A. K. , Merkulova I. A. , Yavelov I. S. , Merkulov E. V. , Chazova I. E. 
Published: September 2022

Aim. To study the outcomes frequency and structure in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on the cardioembolic events preventing method: left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin.Material and methods. A prospective observational study included patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications and without contraindications to anticoagulants. Patients who refused long-term oral anticoagulants taking underwent LAA isolation, the rest of the patients received DOACs or warfarin. The observation period was 3 years. Mortality, cardioembolic complications and major bleeding (according to GARFIELD criteria) cumulative incidence was assessed.Results. We included 245 patients: 46 patients were treated with LAA isolation, 100 with warfarin, and 99 with DOACs. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant advantage of LAA occluder in terms of combined endpoint achieving frequency compared to warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-9.54; p=0.049), and to DOACs (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.15-10.29; p=0.027). A similar result was obtained for all-cause mortality (HR 5.24; 95% CI 1.12-24.55; p=0.036 and HR 5.58; 95% CI 1.22-25.49; p=0.027, respectively). There were no significant differences in bleeding rates between the groups.Conclusion. This observational study demonstrates the superiority of LAA isolation as a first-line therapy over DOACs and warfarin in patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications. Randomized trials are required to confirm these observations.
Green spaces are critical for connecting urban habitat in the tropics
Authors: Danneck Jennifer , Tiang Darrel Chin Fung , Duc Khanh Ngo , Azhar Badrul , Sanusi Ruzana , Campos-Arceiz Ahimsa , Lechner Alex M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tropical Southeast Asia is a hotspot for global biodiversity, and also a hotspot for rapidly expanding urbanisation. There is a need to identify, protect, restore, and connect remaining green spaces in the urban matrix before this opportunity is lost to urban development. The objective of this study is to characterise ecological connectivity for mammals and identify important patches and linkages for connecting urban green spaces for Greater Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia. We first map land cover across the region using linear mixture model with preprocessed multi-date cloud free mosaics derived from Sentinel 2 remote sensing data in Google Earth Engine. We then model connectivity using the land cover maps, expert-based parameterisation of Euclidian distance, and graph-based connectivity models for a range of dispersal guilds representing small and medium terrestrial and arboreal mammals. Our analysis showed large differences in the effects of fragmentation within Greater KL on the different dispersal groups, with some groups perceiving the landscape as disconnected. However, our analysis identified a network of green patches and pathways which potentially could support connectivity in the urban landscape. Our results demonstrate the potential for Southeast Asian mega cities to support biodiversity in the urban context, and the potential for a different kind of urban development, which supports biodiversity in its urban fabric.
The lateral combined approach for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus with intact lateral epicondyle
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Chen Feixiong , Li Danmei , Ma Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the feasibility of using a lateral combined approach with preservation of the extensors and lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) for exposing the coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus, and to analyze the results of open reduction and internal fixation of these injuries.Methods: 45 patients suffered to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus with the lateral epicondyle intact were treated with open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) from January 2013 to August 2020. The fractures were exposed by the lateral combined approach in which the tendons involving the common extensor, the extensor carpi ulnaris and the LUCL was preserved, and the two observing windows formed anterior to and posterior to these tendons and LUCL were used to achieve the fracture reduction. Buried screws with or without plate placed on posterior lateral condyle were used to fix the fragments. The functional outcome of these patients was reviewed and assessed with physical and radiographic examination, range of motion (ROM) measurements, and self-evaluation (Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score).Results: 40 patients followed for over one year were included in the final analysis and the mean follow-up duration was 42.10±29.79 months (range, 12-107months). The patients’ mean age was 41.8years (range, 12-74 years). According to Dubberley classification, there were 15 type I, 17 type II and 8 type III fractures. At the final follow-up the average flexion-extension arch was 130.75°(range, 65-150). And the mean pronation and supination was 73.00°(range, 45-80) and 70.63°(range, 40-80), respectively. The mean MEPI score was 87.56(range, 61-97) points, and the results were excellent in 21 patients, good in 13, and fair in 4 and poor in 2. The mean DASH score was 10.59 (range, 0-41.67) points. Neither functional score nor range of movement was associated with age, sex, fracture type, injury type, surgical timing. Conclusions: Reduction and stable fixation with internal fixation for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus could be achieved by the lateral combined approach. Early functional mobilization could be allowed and then result in satisfactory restoration of elbow function.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Two Voriconazole Formulations after Intravenous Infusion in Two Doses in Healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Chenjing , Shi Ping , Liu Yanping , Tao Ye , Lin Pingping , Li Ting , Hu Haixun , Sun Feifei , Liu Shuqin , Fu Yao , Cao Yu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity. It is used for theprophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of a test formulation and reference formulation (Vfend®) of Voriconazole.
Materials and Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover phase I trial with 7-day washout periods. 48 subjects were divided into 4mg/kg and 6mg/kg groups equally.In each group, the subjects randomly received the test or reference formulations at the rate of 1:1. Following a 7-day washout period, the alternative formulations were received. The blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1.0, 1.33,1.42,1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 hours later in the 4 mg/kg group, while at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.08, 2.17, 2.33, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 hours later in the6 mg/kg group. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of Voriconazole. Safety was evaluated.
Results
The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0 − t, and AUC0−∞ in both 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg groups were within the prespecified bioequivalence limits between 80 ~ 125%. Inthe4mg/kg groups, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2552.4858 ± 447.5427) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (11874.7937 ± 7156.5403) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (12834.9910 ± 9812.5167) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 4 mg/kg test formulation. The mean Cmax was (2615.3630 ± 464.3496) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (12499.8864 ± 7256.9641) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (13415.6530 ± 9484.8426) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 4 mg/kg reference formulation. In the 6 mg/kg groups, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (3537.6908 ± 691.3528) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (24975.7418 ± 12363.8967) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (26212.2269 ± 14056.5960) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 6 mg/kg test formulation. The mean Cmax was (3504.0527 ± 667.4605) ng/mL AUC0 − t was (24989.6939 ± 12454.6114) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (26160.2473 ± 13995.9717) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 6 mg/kg reference formulation. Serious adverse event (SAE) was not observed.
Conclusion
In both 4 mg/kg group and 6 mg/kg group, equivalent pharmacokinetic characteristics that satisfied the criteria of bioequivalence for both test and reference formulations of Voriconazole.
Salicylic acid modulates oxidative stress during the ontogenesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain measured by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS oxylipin-based lipidomics
Authors: Pinciroli María , Domínguez-Perles Raúl , Medina Sonia , Oger Camille , Guy Alexandre , Durand Thierry , Ferreres Federico , Gil-Izquierdo Angel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to discover the effect of exogenously applied of salicylic acid (SA) in the concentration 0, 1 and 15 mM, on the oxidative stress monitored through the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs in immature and mature grains of three genotypes of rice ('R52', 'R45' and 'Yerua') and their influence on grains per panicle and chalkiness. Concentration of oxylipins showed differences in both harvest times (immature and mature) for each genotype. The cv 'Yerua' presented equal concentrations of PhytoPs in immature and mature grains, while the mature grains of the advanced lines 'R52' and 'R45' showed concentrations 24.0 and 79.0% lower than those of the immature grains, respectively. The PhytoFs were equivalent in the two harvest seasons, in "Yerua" and "R52", while in "R45", the concentration of these oxylipins was 46.0% lower in the mature grains. Regarding the effect of SA treatments, it was observed that a single application reduced the concentration of a single oxylipin of the ten quantified; while in mature grains, with two applications of SA, a significant decrease in the concentration of 6 of the ten biomarkers monitored was observed with the increase in the concentration of SA. The SA produced an increase in grains per panicle and a decrease in chalkiness, especially in "R52". The close relationship between the content of the oxylipins evaluated and the concentration of SA applied confirms the relationship of their participation in the redox balance and the ability to mitigate stress and improve performance parameters of grains.
The Carbon Emissions Reduction Effect of Digital Agriculture in China
Authors: Ma Songlin , Li Jinfeng , Wei Wantong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon emissions reduction is gaining increasing attention worldwide. Digital agriculture has a carbon emissions reduction effect. This paper focuses on how the development of digital agriculture contributes to agricultural carbon emissions reduction.To this end, the spatial characteristics, spillover effects and driving factors of digital agriculture on agricultural carbon emissions are explored using panel data of 31 regions in China from 2011 to 2019 using a spatial econometric model. The results show that digital agriculture development reduces agricultural carbon emissions.The results remain robust after estimation using the replacement weight method and the explanatory variable substitution method. Agricultural technological progress, agricultural industry structure, and rural education level all contribute to the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions in a region, while agricultural carbon emissions in the neighboring regions have a negative relationship with the agricultural industry structure in the region and a positive relationship with rural education level and agricultural technological level. Furthermore, strengthening the exchange of digital agriculture between regions and leveraging the intermediary effect of digital inclusive finance can effectively enhance the carbon emissions reduction effect.
Common Clinical Trial Amendments, why they are submitted, and how they can be avoided (Amendments Assemble): a mixed methods study on NHS Sponsored Research
Authors: Joshi Shivam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Amendments are changes made to a clinical trial after it has received regulatory approval. An amendment can take a significant amount of time and resource to develop, review and implement at participating sites. This can affect the efficient delivery of clinical trials and potentially contribute to research waste. This study aimed to establish what the most common amendments are, why they are submitted, and what, if anything, can be done to avoid them.
Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed. The first strand involved a content analysis on a sample of amendments, submitted in trials sponsored by a University Hospital NHS Trust between September 2009 and March 2020, to establish the most common changes and reasons for amendments. The second strand involved thematically analysing semi-structured interviews with trial stakeholders to explore their views on the reasons underpinning the submission of amendments, and the potential for efficiencies that could prevent avoidable amendments.
Results
242 approved amendments were examined from 53 clinical research studies. The ‘Addition of sites’ was the most common amendment change, and the most common reason for amendments were ‘To achieve the trial’s recruitment target’. The root-causes for avoidable amendments identified by the 11 interviewees included: ‘Rushing the initial application knowing an amendment will be needed later’, ‘Not involving all the right people to input’ at the start of the trial, and ‘Realising it’s not feasible in practice when delivering the trial’. Missing regulatory checks following an onerous and error prone application process, were also identified as the cause of some amendments.
Conclusions
Trials need to be critically reviewed by various stakeholders, and have sufficient time allocated to planning and feasibility assessments to avoid some amendments. This may improve clinical trial efficiency, to benefit the trial participants, researchers, funders, sponsors, and regulatory bodies, and potentially bring new treatments to patients faster.
What is the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf signing populations in comparison to face-to-face interventions? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rogers Katherine Danielle , Lovell Karina , Young Alys 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Deaf signing populations face inequality in both access to health service and health outcomes. Telemedicine intervention might offer a potential solution to address these inequalities in mental health and health related services, therefore a systematic review was carried out. The review question was: “What is the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf signing populations in comparison to face-to-face interventions?”.
Methods
The PICO framework was applied to identify the components of the review question for this study. The inclusion criteria were: Deaf signing populations; any intervention that includes the delivery of telemedicine therapy and/or the delivery of assessment (e.g. psychological assessments) using telemedicine; and any evidence for the benefits, efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention with Deaf people whether in health and/or mental health services.
Results
Following the search strategy, and after the duplicates were removed, 247 records were reviewed. Records of 232 were removed as they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and the remaining 15 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After the screening of full text articles, only two met the inclusion criteria for the review (both concerned telemedicine and mental health interventions). However, they do not fully answer the review’s research question. Therefore, the evidence gaps, including the effectiveness of the intervention for Deaf people, such as whether psychological therapy using telemedicine made a difference or not when compared to face-to-face therapy.
Conclusions
This review has identified the gap in the knowledge on the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf people when compared with face-to-face interventions.
A-scan parameters and risk of phacomorphic glaucoma among kazakh population
Authors: Zhumageldiyeva Farida , Dzhumataeva Zaure , Suleymenov Marat , Utelbayeva Zauresh , Teleuova Tynyskul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors parameters associated with PG in patients with mature cataract by comparing biometric parameters of contralateral eyes of patients with PG with eyes of patients with mature cataract.Methods: This retrospective case - control study included 71 affected eyes with PG, 311 eyes of control participants and 71 contralateral eyes with PG. All participants were ethnically Kazakh. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasound biometry. To determine the cut-off value of the A-scan parameters associated with PG, we performed ROC analysis. Results: The eyes with PG had the smallest AL, ACD and the largest LT, followed by the fellow eyes with PG and control eyes. There were no differences in age and sex between patients with PG and mature cataract. After adjustment for age and other A-scan parameters, continuous measures of AL and LT were associated with PG (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38 – 0.73, P < 0.001; OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.64 – 6.912, P = 0.001). When A-scan parameters were dichotomized according to the identified best-cut off, ACD less than 2.9 mm was strongly related to PG (OR 10.981, 95% CI 1.405 – 85.798, P < 0.001) as well as LT thicker than 4.8 mm (OR 29.245, 95% CI 11.212 – 76.283, P < 0.001).Conclusions: We found that shorter AL, shallow ACD, and thick lens are risk factors for PG.
Biotreatment of azo dye containing textile industry effluent by a developed bacterial consortium immobilised on brick pieces in an indigenously designed packed bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Agrawal Shweta , Tipre Devayani , Dave Shailesh R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study highlights the development of a lab-scale, indigenously designed; Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactors (PBBR) packed with brick pieces. The developed biofilm in the reactor was used for the decolourisation and biodegradation of the textile industry effluent. The PBBR was continuously operated for 264 days, during which 301 cycles of batch and continuous treatment were operated. In batch mode under optimised conditions, more than 99% dye decolourisation and ≥92% COD reduction were achieved in 6 h of contact time upon supplementation of effluent with 0.25 g L-1 glucose, 0.25 g L-1 urea, and 0.1 g L-1 phosphates. A decolourisation rate of 133.94 ADMI units h-1 was achieved in the process. PBBR, when operated in continuous mode, showed ≥95% and ≥92% reduction in ADMI and COD values. Subsequent aeration and passage through charcoal reactor assisted in achieving ≥96 % reduction in COD and ADMI values. An overall increase of 81% in dye-laden effluent decolourisation rate, from 62 mg L-1 h-1 to 262 mg L-1 h-1, was observed upon increasing the flow rate from 18 mL h-1 to 210 mL h-1. Dye biodegradation was determined by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy and toxicity study. SEM analysis showed the morphology of the attached-growth biofilm.
Total column ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) via satellite and their relationship with the burned area and climatic data in biomes of Central-West Brazil
Authors: Souza Amaury , Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco , Abreu Marcel Carvalho , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Fraga Micael Souza , Dumka Umesh Chandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The total column ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels based on the satellite remote sensing for a period from 2005 to 2020 along with air temperature, rainfall and burned area in three biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal, and Atlantic Forest) from Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil was evaluated. The annual variations of O3 ranged from 260 DU for the Pantanal to 347 DU for the Cerrado. Whereas the NO2 concentrations ranged from 2.95×1015 molecules for the Cerrado to 3.01×1015 molecules for the Atlantic Forest. The differences between NO2 and O3 concentrations on monthly and seasonal time scales, with higher values during the dry period (between July and October). The NO2 and O3 concentrations positively correlated with the burn areas in Pantanal and Cerrado, while the rainfall negatively correlated with these gases’ concentrations in these biomes The first principal component in all biomes is a comparison between rainfall and NO2, O3, a burned area, and air temperature with higher values of eigenvalues for the burned area in Pantanal, followed by Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, indicating more fires in Pantanal. Rainfall showed the highest value in the first principal components (PC). The second component in the Atlantic Forest was a balance between rainfall and air temperature with NO2, O3 and burned area. In the Cerrado and Pantanal, a comparison is made between burned area and NO2, with rainfall, air temperature and O3. There are differences in the behavior of NO2 and O3 concentrations in biomes, driven by different environmental and anthropic variables.
Circumferential spatial tooth profile modification of flexspline for harmonic drive: A novel method and a case study
Authors: Huang Jianzhong , Xu Jiuhua , Qian Ning , Wei Shenghui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Harmonic drive is widely used in the industrial robotics field due to the excellent deceleration performance. The tooth modification of the flexspline in the harmonic drive faces a great challenge. In this paper, a novel spatial tooth profile modification method along the circumferential direction of flexspline for a harmonic drive is proposed. Through the hob circumferential offset, the tooth profile rotates and the tooth thickness of interference part is reduced, then the spatial meshing is realized. The circumferential modification method has a small change of meshing point position and small pressure angle, which is beneficial to maintain the trans-mission accuracy and improve the service life of the harmonic drive. In addition, the relation model of spatial motion between hob and flexspline, and the relation between tooth profile and modification quantity are studied. Two main factors, circumferential modification quantity and radius of flexspline indexing circle on circumferential modification are analyzed. Afterward, the novel stepwise modification of the circumferential spatial tooth profile of flexspline is introduced. Finally, a case study of circumferential spatial tooth profile modification of flexspline for harmonic drive is conducted to show the advantages of the proposed modification method.