bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tertiary education for all and wage inequality: policy insights from quantile regression
Authors: Andini Corrado 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe aim is to assess how a policy of tertiary education for all affects the shape of the unconditional earnings distribution.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the quantile-regression literature looking at the link between education and wage inequality, also proving new evidence based on unconditional quantile regressions.FindingsThe findings support the idea that a policy of tertiary education for all increases the overall level of wage inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has implications for public policy and administration. Among the limitations, the paper does not deal with distributional aspects related to other outcomes (e.g. health outcomes) of the policy of interest.Practical implicationsThe analysis highlights a series of potential government interventions aimed at reducing the wage-inequality externalities of the policy of interest.Social implicationsA policy of tertiary education for all, by itself, is not useful to fight wage inequality.Originality/valueThis paper belongs to the small group of studies using unconditional quantile regressions to study the link between education and wage inequality. It is the first study specifically looking at the distributional effects of a policy of tertiary education for all.
Analyzing the legal environment for public procurement as a demand-side innovation policy measure
Authors: Foss Maria Carolina , Bonacelli Maria Beatriz M. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze Brazil’s legal and institutional arrangements for the design, implementation and accountability of public procurement for innovation (PPI) and to investigate how this apparatus has been adjusted, modified and even replaced to enable its use in innovation policies.Design/methodology/approachIt is a descriptive analysis of the legal framework for PPI in Brazil supplemented with case reports of ongoing PPI contracts.FindingsDespite the significant advances in the PPI legal framework in Brazil, this instrument’s implementation is still limited. A disconnection between PPI and innovation policy goals and legal-institutional constraints are reasonable answers to this problem.Social implicationsLaw is closely related to the design, implementation and control of public policy tools. However, there is still a tine understanding of how the legal framework can corroborate or constrain new mechanisms to state purchase power, such as PPI.Originality/valuePublic procurement is the most crucial tool of demand-side policies for innovation, and it is implemented according to the legal framework in each country. This paper adds to the law and innovation research agenda, providing an overview of the Brazilian PPI legal framework and how it is going so far.
Managers’ strategies in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norwegian nursing homes and homecare services
Authors: Ree Eline , Wiig Siri , Seljemo Camilla , Wibe Torunn , Lyng Hilda Bø 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore nursing home and home care managers’ strategies in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
This study has a qualitative design with semistructured individual interviews conducted digitally by videophone (Zoom). Eight managers from nursing homes and five managers from home care services located in a large urban municipality in eastern Norway participated. Systematic text condensation methodology was used for the analysis.

Findings
The managers used several strategies to handle challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including being proactive and thinking ahead in terms of possible scenarios that might occur, continuously training of staff in new procedures and routines and systematic information sharing at all levels, as well as providing different ways of disseminating information for staff, service users and next-of-kins. To handle staffing challenges, managers used strategies such as hiring short-term staff that were temporary laid off from other industries and bringing in students.

Originality/value
The COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected health-care systems worldwide, which has led to many health-care studies. The situation in nursing homes and home care services, which were strongly impacted by the pandemic and in charge of a vulnerable group of people, has not yet received enough attention in research. This study, therefore, seeks to contribute to this research gap by investigating how managers in nursing homes and home care services used different strategies to handle the COVID-19 pandemic.
Time‐resolved single virus tracking and spectral imaging to understand HIV‐1 entry and fusion
Authors: Padilla‐Parra Sergi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle Virus Tracking (SVT) is a key technique to understand how individual viral particles evolve during the infection cycle. In the case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1), this technology, which can be employed using a simple and affordable wide‐field microscope, has proven to be very useful in the first steps of infection, such as the kinetics of the fusion reaction or the point of fusion within live cells. Here, we describe how SVT in combination with other spectral imaging approaches is a powerful technique to illuminate crucial mechanistic aspects of the HIV‐1 fusion reaction. We also stress the role of our laboratory in elucidating a few mechanistic aspects of retroviral fusion employing SVT such as: (i) the role of dynamin, (ii) how metabolism modulates membrane composition and cholesterol and its impact in fusion, (iii) the importance of envelope glycoprotein (Env) intra‐ and inter‐molecular dynamics for neutralization, or (iv) the time‐resolved fusion stoichiometry in three characteristic steps for the HIV‐1 prefusion step. These observations constitute a good testimony of the complexity of retroviral fusion and show the strength of SVT when applied to live cells and combined with quantitative spectral approaches. Finally, we propose several crucial remaining questions around HIV‐1 fusion and how the combined use of these technologies, always in live cells, will be able to shed light into the intricacies of arguably the most important step of the HIV‐1 infection cycle.
Unusual mitochondrial tRNA rearrangements in stingless bee Tetragonula pagdeni and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ye , Yang Pan‐Li , Zhao Min , Xu Huan‐Li , Liu Li‐Ning , Feng Ying , Wang Shi‐Jie 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTTetragonula pagdeni (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) is a widely distributed and economically important stingless bee. The taxonomic status and evolution of this species have not been fully understood. We sequenced the mitogenome of T. pagdeni and analyzed its characteristics including gene rearrangements in present work, which will provide help for better protection and utilization of this germplasm resource. The mitochondrial genome sequence was obtained by establishing library and high‐throughput sequencing. Using all protein coding sequences joined, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that T. pagdeni has the closest kinship with Lepidotrigona species, and then has a second closest kinship with the Melipona stingless bees. All the stingless bee species (Meliponini) analyzed formed a single clade, and among them the T. pagdeni mitogenome exhibited the highest gene rearrangement score, suggesting this species has an overactive evolutionary history. Especially, an unusual tRNA‐Gly translocation was observed in T. pagdeni mitogenome, which broke the super‐conserved atp8‐atp6‐cox3‐G block in Hymenoptera mitogenomes. The translocated tRNA‐Gly moved to a position next to the D‐loop control region, and whether this translocation has a functional effect to the widely distributed T. pagdeni need further exploration. The variations of gene positions in mitogenome could also provide useful information to clarify the phylogenetic relations in Meliponini.
Raynaud's phenomenon associated with calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonists case report
Authors: Bedrin Kate , Ailani Jessica , Dougherty Carrie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCalcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator that regulates the cerebrovascular and peripheral circulation. A new class of migraine therapies decreases CGRP through various mechanisms. One unknown off‐target effect is the impact decreasing CGRP will have on the peripheral circulation. The following cases report new onset Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) following the use of CGRP receptor antagonists (−gepants) for both the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. These cases describe the development of RP in two individuals after using each of the currently available gepant medications. To our knowledge these are the first cases reported of RP associated with the use of gepants. RP has previously been reported in association with monoclonal antibodies to the CGRP ligand and CGRP receptor indicated in the prevention of migraine.Case presentationOne case involved oral CGRP receptor antagonists for acute treatment inducing RP. In this case, rimegepant and ubrogepant used separately for different migraine attacks each led to RP in the digits. The other case involved oral CGRP receptor antagonist, atogepant, used as a preventive treatment and induced RP in the digits. This patient had a prior history of areolar tissue RP while breastfeeding, but never in her fingers. In both cases, the offending medications were discontinued, and the patients reported no further episodes of RP.ConclusionTwo cases are reported of people with migraine with new onset digital RP while taking CGRP receptor antagonists (rimegepant, ubrogepant, atogepant) for acute and preventive treatment.
Investigating potential ferroptosis‐related differentially expressed genes of UVB‐induced skin photodamage
Authors: Deng Li , Li Yi , Wu Qian , Zeng QianWen , He Yuanmin , Chen AiJun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesUltraviolet B (UVB) is one of the most dangerous insults for skin, which can cause skin sunburn, pigment disease, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify pathogenic genes related to ferroptosis in the skin of humans after UVB radiation.MethodsThe gene expression profiles (GSE41078, GSE54413) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) were downloaded from the Genecards database. To identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and obtain differentially expressed FRGs by intersecting DEGs with FRGs. To identify the functional annotation and potential pathways by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Differentially expressed FRGs‐associated protein–protein interaction network (PPI) was performed by STRING database and Cytoscape software.ResultsA total of 628 co‐expressed DEGs of the two profiles (GSE41078 and GSE54413) were identified, including 371 upregulated and 257 downregulated DEGs. A total of 32 differentially expressed FRGs were identified. The results of GO analyses showed that, in the biological processes, UVB had a great influence on the response to oxidative stress; in the molecular functions, UVB had a great influence on antioxidant activity; in the cellular components, UVB had a great influence on endocytic vesicle lumen. The key pathways of differentially expressed FRGs were identified by KEGG analyses. The most significant 12 central node genes were identified by PPI network.ConclusionWe identified differentially expressed FRGs candidate genes and pathways in UVB‐induced skin photodamage, which could contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for skin photodamage.
Preferential binding effect of cocoa powder on fried donuts through the electrostatic coating method
Authors: Murid Misbah , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal , Maan Abid Aslam , Asif Muhammad , Sablani Shyam S. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryDonuts are the snack food which are coated with powdered seasonings to increase flavour and shelf life. In this regard, electrostatic coating is being developed for efficient coating method and to overcome uneven coating and dust production. During electrostatic coating, charged powder particles produce even coating on target surface. Electrostatic coating of cocoa powder was carried out at high voltage (0–20 kV) and the results were compared to manually coated fried donuts. Cocoa powder particles had irregular polygonal and polyhedral shapes with an average particle diameter (18.12 ± 0.91 μm). The values of adhesion, dust reduction and transfer efficiency were higher at 15 kV and lower values at 0 kV. Coated sample at 15 kV showed the lowest change in weight loss (05.99%) during the storage. Due to an even coating of cocoa powder at 15 kV, donuts exhibited pleasant taste, uniform and dark brown colour. While, shelf life of coated donuts at 15 kV lasts up to 29 days as compared to other samples. It can be concluded from the results that the electrostatic coating of donuts with cocoa powder was best at 15 kV with higher transfer efficiency, adhesion and consumer acceptability.
Exploration of the efficacy of anti‐immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of allergic asthma
Authors: Qian Xue‐Jiao , Hu Xiao‐Tian , Jiang Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an anti‐immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) in the treatment of allergic asthma (AS). A total of 34 patients with moderate‐to‐severe bronchial asthma admitted to the Respiratory Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital between September 2019 and September 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated with omalizumab in addition to conventional inhaled corticosteroids + long‐acting β2 agonist treatment. The therapeutic effects before and after the addition of omalizumab were compared. The lung function indicators (ratio of the forced expiratory volume [FEV] in the first second to the forced vital capacity, FEV in the first second, forced expiratory flow [FEF] at 50% of vital capacity, FEF at 75% of vital capacity, and maximum mid‐expiratory flow), fractionated exhaled nitric oxide values, asthma control test scores, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire scores, and urticaria control test scores were significantly different after 4 months of the regular administration of omalizumab (p < 0.05) compared with before administration. The use of omalizumab had a significant efficacy in the treatment of patients with AS, and the effects were obvious in the subgroups of patients with a combination of AS and atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and allergic rhinitis. These results indicate that the treatment is worthy of clinical promotion.
Real‐world assessment of SmartExam, a novel FibroScan computational method: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Nogami Asako , Iwaki Michihiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Honda Yasushi , Ogawa Yuji , Imajo Kento , Higurashi Takuma , Hosono Kunihiro , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi , Yoneda Masato 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSmartExam is a novel computational method compatible with FibroScan that uses a software called SmartDepth and continuous controlled attenuation parameter measurements to evaluate liver fibrosis and steatosis. This retrospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of conventional and SmartExam‐equipped FibroScan for liver stiffness measurement (LSM).MethodsThe liver stiffness and the associated controlled attenuation parameters of 167 patients were measured using conventional and SmartExam‐Equipped FibroScan as well as reference methods like magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) measurements to assess its diagnostic performance. M or XL probes were selected based on the probe‐to‐liver capsule distance for all FibroScan examinations.ResultsThe liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) correlation coefficients calculated from conventional and SmartExam‐equipped FibroScan were 0.97 and 0.82, respectively. Using MRE/MRI‐PDFF as a reference and the DeLong test for analysis, LSM and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CAP measured by conventional and SmartExam‐equipped FibroScan showed no significant difference. However, the SmartExam‐equipped FibroScan measurement (33.6 s) took 1.4 times longer than conventional FibroScan (23.2 s).ConclusionsSmartExam has a high diagnostic performance comparable with that of conventional FibroScan. Because the results of the conventional and SmartExam‐equipped FibroScan were strongly correlated, it can be considered useful for assessing the fibrosis stage and steatosis grade of the liver in clinical practice, with less variability but little longer measurement time compared with the conventional FibroScan.
Characterization of huntingtin interactomes and their dynamic responses in living cells by proximity proteomics
Authors: Xu Hongyuan , Bensalel Johanna , Raju Sunil , Capobianco Enrico , Lu Michael L. , Wei Jianning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuntingtin (Htt) is a large protein without clearly defined molecular functions. Mutation in this protein causes Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder. Identification of Htt‐interacting proteins by the traditional approaches including yeast two‐hybrid systems and affinity purifications has greatly facilitated the understanding of Htt function. However, these methods eliminated the intracellular spatial information of the Htt interactome during sample preparations. Moreover, the temporal changes of the Htt interactome in response to acute cellular stresses cannot be easily resolved with these approaches. Ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2)‐based proximity labeling has been used to spatiotemporally investigate protein–protein interactions in living cells. In this study, we generated stable human SH‐SY5Y cell lines expressing full‐length Htt23Q and Htt145Q with N‐terminus tagged Flag‐APEX2 to quantitatively map the spatiotemporal changes of Htt interactome to a mild acute proteotoxic stress. Our data revealed that normal and mutant Htt (muHtt) are associated with distinct intracellular microenvironments. Specifically, mutant Htt is preferentially associated with intermediate filaments and myosin complexes. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of Htt interactomes in response to stress are different between normal and mutant Htt. Vimentin is identified as one of the most significant proteins that preferentially interacts with muHtt in situ. Further functional studies demonstrated that mutant Htt affects the vimentin's function of regulating proteostasis in healthy and HD human neural stem cells. Taken together, our data offer important insights into the molecular functions of normal and mutant Htt by providing a list of Htt‐interacting proteins in their natural cellular context for further studies in different HD models.image
Emergency Department‐Attended Injuries Resulting from School‐Based Violence in Baltimore Adolescents, 2019‐2020
Authors: Walter Creason , Miller Mattea , Jones Vanya , Ryan Leticia Manning 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOur objective is to describe violence‐related injuries to early adolescents that occurred at school, resulting in emergency department (ED) evaluation.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study at an urban academic pediatric ED in Baltimore, MD, identified patients 10‐15 years old who presented with an injury from intentional, interpersonal violence that occurred at school between January 2019‐December 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient and event characteristics.RESULTSOf 819 youth 10‐15 years of age evaluated for a violence‐related injury, school was the location in 115 cases (14.0%). All events occurred prior to the statewide stay at home order (March 30, 2020). School‐injured youth had a mean age of 12.7 ± 1.7 years and were predominantly male (64.3%). Of the 115 cases, 75 (65.2%) involved an altercation with a peer, 26 (22.6%) involved a teacher or school staff, 6 (5.2%) involved a family member, 1 (0.9%) involved police, 6 (5.2%) involved an unknown party, and 1 (0.9%) involved an unrelated but known adult. All injured youth were discharged from the ED.CONCLUSIONSSchool‐based violence is a well‐recognized cause of traumatic injuries to adolescents and may involve peers, teachers, or school staff.
Disentangling the genetic consequences of demographic change
Authors: Kreiner Julia M. , Booker Tom R. 
Published: November 2022

Quantifying the impact of human activity on the capacity of populations to persist is paramount to conservation biology, as numerous species and populations have already been driven to or beyond the brink of extinction. Those populations that persist are often a sobering example of the evolutionary power of human‐disturbance, such as the loss of tusks in African elephants resulting from ivory harvesting (Campbell‐Staton et al., 2021) and rapid life‐history evolution in northern Atlantic cod in response to fisheries (Olsen et al., 2004). These evolutionary responses reflect a delicate interplay between demographic and selective processes (e.g., evolutionary rescue: Bell & Gonzalez, 2009; Gomulkiewicz & Holt, 1995), both of which can modify genetic variation for fitness. While quantifying fitness remains a difficult challenge, generalizable insights into the evolutionary consequences of population collapse can be provided in systems with independent demographic shifts in response to human activity. Unfortunately, such was the case for sea otter populations across its range in the 18th and 19th centuries, where the fur‐trade had catastrophic, range‐wide effects on sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Beichman et al. (2022) combine a population genomic spatiotemporal data set and theoretical simulations not only to quantify past demographic change in response to sea otter exploitation, but also to understand the consequences of population collapse on species persistence.
Activated fibroblasts induce immune escape of TSCC through CCL25/AKT pathway
Authors: Li Yiting , Lin Ken , Ren Xiaobin , Xu Jianguo , Yuan Haiming , Bian Li , He Yongwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAccumulating evidence suggests that activated fibroblasts are the key cells in the T‐cell response to tumor immunosuppression. We attempted to investigate the effect of activated fibroblasts on PD‐L1 expression and the related immune escape mechanism in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWestern blotting, qPCR, and other techniques were used to study the expression of PD‐L1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and the nude mouse model of transplanted tumors in vivo; clinical tissue samples were verified. In addition, we established a direct coculture model of T cells and tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells explore the mechanisms of immune escape.ResultsWe found that PDGF‐BB induces fibroblast activation by facilitating the oversecretion of chemokine CCL25. Further analysis showed that CCL25 derived from activated fibroblasts activated the Akt signaling pathway to promote PD‐L1 expression. The activated fibroblasts inhibited T‐cell IFN‐γ secretion through the CCL25/Akt/PD‐L1 pathway, which indirectly inhibited T‐cell proliferation.ConclusionActivated fibroblasts can induce the high expression of PD‐L1 in the oral and tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Cal‐27 via the CCL25/CCR9/p‐Akt axis, to significantly inhibit the proliferation and IFN‐γ secretion of T cells and promote the immune escape of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.