bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Control Demonstration of Thrips on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. , Kowalski Edward L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Delcot 390’ variety was planted on 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Plots were eight rows by 100 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Insecticides were applied to the center four rows with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 4 gal per acre total volume using water as a carrier; and 2.38 qt per acre total volume using soybean oil (SBOC Standard) as a carrier. Water applications were made using (1) TX-12 nozzle per row at 30 lb/in2 at 5 mph, and oil applications were made using Micro max CDA’s with a #20 orifice at 2000 rpm at 20 lb/in2 at 8.8 mph.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevils in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to conrol boll weevils was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Cotton was planted on 28 Apr., in 40-in. rows. Four replicates of eight treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 18 rows by 100 ft with 25 ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer at the rate of 9 gal spray per acre (2.0 mph, 60 lb/in2 , two Teejet TX6 80° nozzles per row). Plots were treated for weevils on 9, 15, and 30 Aug., and 2, 9, and 16 Sep. Plots wre oversprayed on 9, 15 Aug., and 2 Sep. with Fundal and Bolstar to suppress bollworms. Damage was estimated by examining 25 squares collected at random from the middle of each plot. Weevil populations were considered moderate to heavy during the testing period.
Activity of Insecticides Against

Heliothis

Spp. Eggs in Mississippi, 1983
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Conley Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot study was conducted at Mississippi State Univ. to evaluate the effects of Zectran, Ambush, and Fundal on Heliothis spp. eggs. Plots were located on the Plant Sci. Res. Farm. Pretreatment observations detected Heliothis spp. eggs on .75% of the plants in the field. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (38-in. rows) by 60 ft with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2 through two TX-4 nozzles/row. Heliothis spp. eggs were collected and placed on egg cards similar to those used in Trichogramma spp. studies. Twenty eggs were collected in each plot and observed under a stereo-microscope at 48 h posttreatment. To distinguish between true ovicidal activity and mortality of neonate larvae, data were recorded on mortality before and after eclosion from the chorion.
Effect of Pesticides on Nontarget Insects in Imperial Valley, California Cotton, 1982
Authors: Mollet J.A. , Savacherian V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides applied for pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)) and the Heliothis complex of zea (Boddie) and virescens (F.) were evaluated for their effects on nontarget, mostly predaceous insect species. Cotton was planted 7 Apr. and divided into plots 130 ft by 8 cotton rows, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications of each treatment. Materials were applied with a Hi-Cycle 600 Sprayer at a pressure of 55 to 60 lb/in2 and a rate of 20 gal/acre. Five flat-fan nozzles per cotton row were used, with applications occuring 22 and 28 July. Samples were collected with a D-Vac suction sampler, with 25 suctions per plot at each date at one sample, and processed through Berlese funnels for subsequent microscopic examination. Insects recorded were immature thrips (IT) Frankliniella occidentalis (FR), Scirtothrips citri (SC), immature and adult Orius sp. (10 and AO), Nabis sp. (IN and AN), Geocoris sp. (IG and AG), Chrysopa sp. (IC and AC), and Reduviidae (IR and AR).
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma, 1983
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Price Richard , Karner Miles , Young Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The results of three 1983 tests are given in this report. Tests 1 and 2 were performed at the South Central Res. Stn. Chickasha, Okla. Test 3 was done at the irrigation Res. Stn., Altus, Okla. The soil at Chickasha is a Tuttle silt clay loam and that at Altus is a Tillman holister clay loam. Tests 1 and 2 were planned 5 June at the rate of 18 lb/acre and Test 3 was planted 19 May at 22 lb/acre. Plot sizes varied among tests with Tests 1, 2, and 3 consisting of 8 row by 46 m, 8 row by 58 m, and 8 row by 76 m, respectively. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for each test. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 at Chickasha and a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 at Altus. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 hp Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Spray applications were made at a speed of 4.5 mph, at 40 lb/in2 , with a total of 5 gal/acre through one no. 8 hollow cone nozzle per row. Applications were made 4, 10, 18, 25, and 31 Aug. for Test 1; 3, 10, 18, 25, and 31 Aug. for test 2; and 11, 18, and 24 Aug. for Test 3. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 inch of water per irrigation. Irrigation dates were as follows: Test 1, 22 and 29 July, 13 Aug., and 2 Sept.; Test 2, 25 Jul., 1 and 15 Aug., and 3 Sept.; Test 3, 14 and 26 July, 8, 16, and 26 Aug., 2 and 9 Sept.
Effect of Various Insecticides on Beneficial Insects and Spiders in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Price J. Rex , Slosser J.E. , Puterka G.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lockett 77 cotton was planted on 4 June in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were 12 rows wide by 100 ft long. One irrigation was applied on 22 to 23 July and plots were sidedressed with 72 lb N/acre on 8 July. Numbers of beneficials were determined semiweekly with 50 sweep net samples in each plot. Insects were taken to the laboratory, frozen and counted. Insecticides were applied with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 Ground Sprayer employing drops and three nozzles per row, and at a rate of 10 gal/acre. Adults and nymphs were included in counts of insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. An extremely heavy Heliothis spp. egg lay occurred on 5 Aug.; but 0.86 in. rain fell on 7 to 8 Aug.; and spraying was delayed until the field dried sufficiently for entry of equipment. All plots wer sampled on 11 Aug and treatments were applied early morning on 12 Aug. Heliothis spp. 3rd-to 6th-stage larvae were collected from plots on 20 Aug. Larvae could not be found in all plots, so collections from each treatment were grouped together. Larvae were fed in the laboratory on pinto bean diet and observed for parasite emergence. Dead pupae and larvae were dissected to determine if they were parasitized. Heliothis spp. larvae and damage were sampled semiweekly before and after insecticide application.
Lygus Bug Control on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two applications of insecticides for lygus bug control were made on Acala SJ-2 cotton planted 16 April at the Univ. of California West Side Field St. (Five Points, Fresno County, Calif.). Individual plots were 24 rows wide (40-in centers) and 150 ft long, replicated four tmes in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were made with a high clearance ground sprayer (Hagie 470) equipped with drop booms, through five nozzles per row delivering 25 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Application dates were 2 to 3 Aug. and 29 to 30 Aug. (Zectran at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was not retreated). On 17 Aug. an application of Comite 6.5E at 1.4 lb (AI)/acre was made toan eight-row subplot in each plot; insect and mite counts were not made in these subplots although yield was recorded. Sweep net (lygus bugs) and D-Vac (lygus bugs and predators) samples were taken 1, 6, 14, 21, 30, and 35 days posttreatment. Spider mite counts were made on 17 Aug. and 1 Sept. by sampling 100 mainstem leaves (eighth unfolded leaf below terminal) per treatment (25 per replicate) and processing through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of the center four rows of each subplot. Sweep net samples 1 day pretreatment averaged 22.5 L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps.
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied to ‘Acala SJ-2’ cotton planted 3 May near Shafter, Calif., in rows spaced at 40 in. Individual plots were eight rows wide and 100 ft long. Treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design and applied 8 to 9 July. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using five hollow cone nozzles per row delivering 25 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Mainstem leaves (25 per replicate, eight unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on five posttreatment dates and procesed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting two center rows of each plot on 9 Nov.
Control of Small, Medium and Large Corn Earworms and Impact of Treatments on Nabids and Total Predators on Peanuts in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on peanuts planted in a light clay loam soil at the Wiregrass Substation of the Auburn University Ag. Expt Station at Headland, Ala. Three treatments and an untreated check were replicated two times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 0.25 acres (ca. 25 rows by 150 ft) using a 36-in. row spacing with each ‘row’ being two 7-in. separated double rows. Treatments were applied on 12 Aug. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow cone nozzles per row operating at 40 lb/in2 and delivering 15 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Corn earworm larvae, nabids, and predators were sight identified, counted and recorded. Corn earworm larvae were separated into small, medium, and large. Three samples from each plot were taken 3, 5, and 12 days postspray 15, 17 and 24 Aug.
Control of Small, Medium, and Large Corn Earworms and Effect of Treatments on Nabids and Geocorids on Peanuts in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on peanuts planted in a light clay loam soil at the Auburn Univ. Wiregrass Agric. Exp. Substn. of Headland, Ala. Six treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.011 acre plot was four rows wide (36-in. row spacing, each ‘row’ consisting of two 7-in. separated double rows) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 12 Aug. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow cone nozzles per row operating at 40 lb/in2 and delivering 15 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Corn earworm larvae were identified and assigned a classification of small (instars, 1 to 2), medium (instars, 3 to 4), or large instars 5+). They were then counted and recorded along with any predaceous arthropods present. Three samples from each plot were taken 3, 5, and 10 days postspray (15, 17, and 22 Aug.).
Apple, Synthetic Pyrethroid Evaluation Test, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots (8-yr-old) in a randomized block design consisting of two replicates ‘York Imperial,’ two replicates of ‘Stayman,’ and two replicates of ‘Delicious.’ Treatments were applied with a Myers Mighty Mist Sprayer at 50 gal/acre per full spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for the alternate side treatments were: 8 and 17 Jun., 9 and 19 Aug. For the 8 and 17 Jun. sprays an error in calibration resulted in 16% less material applied. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides spray. Effectiveness on the AA was evaluated by counting aphid infested leaves per 20 terminals. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on sample of 15 leaves per tree, 90 leaves per treatment. Effects of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 July and one harvest sample on 20 Sept. Apple samples averaged 63 fruits per replicate, 378 fruits per treatment.
Seed Treatments for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1983
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice seed was treated with insecticides 25 May. For each treatment 2 lb of seed were combined with the insecticide in a seed treater similar to a concrete mixer. In Test I each insecticide was mixed with water in sufficient quantity to thoroughly coat the seed and 3% Methocel Gel was added to Ectiban and Demon. In Test II insecticides were mixed with water or acetone. A sticker consisting of equal volumes of water, glycerin, and 75% ethanol was added to each seed-treatment in Test II during mixing. The seed was air dried and packaged in paper bags. The 4 by 15 ft plots were planted 26 May and flooded 28 June. Furadan 3G was applied 6 Jul. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae 19 and 20 July by taking 5 soil cores (9 cm dia by 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot. Cores were processed by washing through a #40 US Standard testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.
Chemical Control of Earhead Pests of Sorghum Field Trial 1982
Authors: Balasubramanian G. , Chelliah S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of six spray and three dust formulations of insecticides against the sorghum earhead midge and bug, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (3 replicates) with an untreated check. The variety ‘CSH 5’ was sown with a spacing of 45 by 15 cm with a plot size of 6.75 m2 .
Green Cloverworm Control Demonstration in Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. , Kowalski Edward 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essex variety was planted 1 June in a Tiptonville slit loam soil on the Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Eight-row plots, 200 ft. long were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied 2 Sept. at a rate of 4 gal/acre, 30 lb/in2 , one nozzle per row with a Hahn high clearance sprayer. Twelve feet of row was sampled (drop cloth method) at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days posttreatment.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Nettleton Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ninety plots were located 3 miles west of Hebron, Ohio. Plots measured 50 ft by four rows (30-in. centers). Experimental design was a randomized complete block, three blocks each with 30 treatments, including four check plots. Treatments were applied on 16 Aug., with a four-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer. Liquid output was 49.9 ml/sec at 40 lb/in2 (28.7 gal/acre) for all compounds. Spray nozzles were Tee Jet TX6 Brass Tip. Weather conditions at application were: partly sunny, ca. 80°F, humid, with no breeze. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled following treatment with a 15-in. diam. sweep net (20 sweeps per plot) on 19 Aug. (3 days posttreatment), 22 Aug. (6 days posttreatment), and 30 Aug. (14 days posttreatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae and green cloverworm (GCW) larvae. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Soybeans were hand harvested on 27 Sept. All insect numbers were transformed prior to analysis by X + 0.5; means presented are pretransformed data.
Yellow Woollybear Control in Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Ragsdale David W. , Cranshaw Whitney S. , Loughran James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Hodgson’ soybeans were planted 28 May to 30-in. rows at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. Stn., Rosemount, Minn. Plots were 6-row, 30 ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Applications were made 30 Aug. using a CO2, compressed air spray delivering 20 gal/acre at 35 lb/in2. Plots were evaluated 2 Sep. by counting all living larvae found on 24 ft of the center two rows. The woollybear population during the course of the experiment included a wide range of larval maturities.
Sugar Beet Root Maggot Control, 1983
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Gallian John J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sugar beets were grower planted on 5 May, near Paul, Idaho, in a field of Portneuf silt loam soil with surface irrigation. A representative area of the field was selected for insecticide applications. Granular insecticides for the at-planting treatment were applied on 6 May, 1 day after planting, in a 5-in. band over the planted row and incorporated with rakes to stimulate an actual at-planting application. Post emergence treatments were applied on 13 Jun. Granular products were injected in a 1-in. band 3 in. to the water side of the beet row 2 in. deep. Foliar treatments were applied in a 7-in. band over the row, in 104 gal of water per acre, with a CO2, pressurized backpack sprayer at 30 lb/in2 using 8004 flat fan nozzles. Plots were 1 row by 30 ft with treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design and four replications. Ten beet roots from each plot were rated for maggot feeding damage on 15 July. The rating scale was: 0, no scars; 1,1 to 4 small scars of pinhead size; 2, 5 to 10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3, more than 3 large scars; 4, 1/2 to 3/4 root area blackened by scars; 5, more than 3/4 of root area damaged.
Sugarcane Borer Control, Effects on Nontarget Arthropods, 1980
Authors: Flynn J. L. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large-plot field trial evaluation of full-season sugarcane borer (SCB) control in sugarcane (first stubble crop, Cultivar CP61-37) with Guthion and Pydrin was conducted at Dugas-Leblanc Sugars near Paincourtville, La. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated six times and individual plots ca. 3 acres in size. Each spray concentrate was applied in water from aircraft to the sugarcane canopy at a rate of 2 gal finished formulation/acre/application. Insecticide applications were initiated after internodes were first visible above ground and whenever at least 5% of the stalks were infested with small (1st- to-3rd stage) SCB larvae in leafsheaths. Applications were repeated only when that level of infestation reoccurred in Pydrin-treated plots. Three applications of each insecticide were made ( 14 July, 13 Aug., 18 Sep.) Infestation levels were monitored weekly starting 2 weeks after each application. The efficacy of insecticide treatments in reducing sugarcane borer induced crop damage was determined 15 Oct., by comparing percent internodes bored in treated and untreated plots following examination of 100 stalks per plot for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes. Nontarget ground associated arthropods were continuously sampled using two pitfall traps situated centrally (150 ft apart) in each plot and changed biweekly. Traps, consisting of 1 pt jars filled with 2 in. of 70% ethanol and 1/4 in. of mineral oil, were imbedded on the row and covered by a 9 in. diam disc supported by a tripod 1 in. above the jar and soil surface
Guthion vs. Several Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (SCB), Large-Plot Field Trial, 1982
Authors: Hensley S. D. , White W. H. , Pollet D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray concentrates of four synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and Guthion were each applied from an airplane to a field of sugarcane (Var. CP 48-103 plant cane crop) at Johnson Plantation near Edgard, La. to control season-long SCB infestations. Untreated plots served as checks. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications of each treatment; individual plots consisted of 0.81 to 1.13 ha of sugarcane. Each spray concentrate was applied in water to the crop canopy on 18.3-m swath-widths at 18.7 liters of finished formulation/ha per application. Insecticides were first applied after sugarcane internodes were visible and when 5% of the stalks harbored small (1st to 3rd stage) SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Applications were repeated when that level of infestation was again found in the plots treated with Guthion L; application dates were 10 Jul., 4 Aug., and 1 Sep. The efficacy of different insecticide treatments was determined at crop harvest (3-5 Oct.) by comparing the percentages of sugarcane internodes damaged by season-long populations of SCB larvae in treated and untreated plots. Five (10 stalk) samples randomly selected in each plot were scanned for external signs of internode penetration by SCB larvae.
Control of Insects on Flue-Cured Tobacco with

Bacillus Thuringiensis

Var.

Kurstaki

Spray Formulations, 1983
Authors: Jackson D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One aqueous and two wettable powder formulations of Bacillus thurinqiensis var. kurstaki were tested for control of artificial infestations of tobacco budworms and tobacco hornworms on flue-cured tobacco in three separate tests at Oxford, NC. Tobacco was transplanted on 18 May into a field of Vance sandy loam soil which had been treated with Paarlan (2.3 liters/ha) and Ridomil (2.3 liters/ha) on 4 May. Plants were placed on 55.9-cm centers with 1.2 m between rows. After experiments 1 and 2, the field was cut off just above the ground, and 2 weeks later one sucker per plant was retained to form new plants used in experiment 3. Plants in experiments 1 and 3 were infested with one 2- to 5-day-old tobacco budworm larva from a laboratory colony. Plants in experiments 2 and 3 were infested with two 3 to 4-day-old tobacco hornworm larvae also from a laboratory colony. For each test, five replications of 15-or 25-plant plots were set up in a randomized complete block design. Plots were treated with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with an adjustable nozzle at a rate of 233.8 liters/ha with 4.2 kg/cm . Plants were examined for insects 4 and 7 days after spraying. The weather was hot and dry for at least 2 days after each experiment.
Budworm Control on Tobacco, 1983
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Koziol F. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were established in a randomized complete block design of four replications in a field of flue-cured tobacco on the Richard Gregory Farm, Halifax County, Va. Plots were ca. 200 ft long and four rows wide. Treatments were applied on 23 June. Applications were made with a CO2-powered backsprayer that delivered 10 gal/acre at 60 lb/in through a single TX18 tip/row. Dipel and cornmeal baits were prepared using a cornmeal carrier. The baits were applied manually by dropping a pinch of bait into each bud.