bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction history as a source of compositionality in emergent communication
Authors: Korbak Tomasz , Zubek Julian , Kuciński Łukasz , Miłoś Piotr , Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we explore interaction history as a particular source of pressure for achieving emergent
compositional communication in multi-agent systems. We propose a training regime implementing template transfer, the idea of
carrying over learned biases across contexts. In the presented method, a sender-receiver dyad is first trained with a disentangled
pair of objectives, and then the receiver is transferred to train a new sender with a standard objective. Unlike other methods
(e.g. the obverter algorithm), the template transfer approach does not require imposing inductive biases on the architecture of
the agents. We experimentally show the emergence of compositional communication using topographical similarity, zero-shot
generalization and context-independence as evaluation metrics. The presented approach is connected to an important line of work in
semiotics and developmental psycholinguistics: it supports a conjecture that compositional communication is scaffolded on simpler
communication protocols.
La voz como reacción emocional
Authors: Padilla Xose A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstracta
Nuestra habilidad para entender las emociones de los demás en el habla es clave para conseguir una interacción
social exitosa. Estudios procedentes de varias disciplinas apuntan que la prosodia es un elemento fundamental para que este éxito
se produzca. Partiendo de la premisa de que la emoción es principalmente una reacción o respuesta a un estímulo previo, en este
trabajo hemos analizado si es posible establecer una relación entre el enunciado que provoca la reacción emocional (detonador) y
la respuesta emocional propiamente dicha, observando el comportamiento de las magnitudes acústicas (F0, dB y VEL) en el marco de
la conversación coloquial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis: (a) la reacción sintagmática, entendida como la
reacción a lo anterior (sea a la intervención de un hablante previo o sea a la parte no emocional de la intervención de un mismo
hablante); y (b) la reacción paradigmática, esto es, qué sucede con los parámetros acústicos mencionados si son cotejados con el
registro medio del hablante (F0, dB, VEL). Los resultados del análisis acústico-estadístico señalan que hay regularidad y
direccionalidad manifiestas en el comportamiento de la F0 en las relaciones sintagmáticas. Esta regularidad, sin embargo, no es
extrapolable a las otras dos magnitudes, ni a las reacciones paradigmáticas.
Fast-timing lifetime measurements of the 33/2+ and 25/2− states in 189Hg: oblate excitations
Authors: Zheng Y , Li C B , Wu X G , Ma H L , Zhu L H , Li T X , Huang Z Y , Chen H , He C Y , Fan Q W , Li G S , Chen Q M , Zhong J , Hu S P , Li H W , Wang J L , Liu J J , Wu Y H , Luo P W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The lifetimes of the I

π
= 33/2+ and I

π
= 25/2− states with E

x
= 2674.6 keV and E

x
= 1917.3 keV, respectively, in 189Hg have been determined by using the fast-timing techniques with the HPGe and LaBr3:Ce array via the 175Lu(19F, 5n)189Hg reaction at a beam energy of 100 MeV. The deduced B(E2) strengths have been discussed in relation to the systematics of the previously reported B(E2) strengths in the heavy mercury isotopes. The transition quadrupole moments Q

t
are derived from present experimental data. The Q

t
values together with the excitation energies of the (+, 0)(+, 1/2) and (+, 0)(−, 1/2) bands are interpreted in terms of the Nilsson–Strutinsky–Bogoliubov model (CNSB) calculations suggesting oblate excitations in 189Hg.
Analytical considerations for optimal axion haloscope design
Authors: Jeong Junu , Youn SungWoo , Bae Sungjae , Kim Dongok , Kim Younggeun , Semertzidis Yannis K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The cavity haloscope provides a highly sensitive method to search for dark matter axions in the microwave regime. Experimental attempts to enhance the sensitivity have focused on improving major aspects, such as producing strong magnetic fields, increasing cavity quality factors, and achieving lowest possible noise temperatures. Minor details, however, also need to be carefully considered in realistic experimental designs. They are associated with non-uniform magnetic fields over the detection volume, noise propagation under attenuation and temperature gradients, and thermal disequilibrium in the cavity system. We take analytical approaches to these topics and offer optimal treatments for improved performance.
Modelling drying pathways of an evaporating soft matter droplet
Authors: Du Guangle , Ye Fangfu , Luo Hao , Jing Guangyin , Doi Masao , Meng Fanlong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Micro-droplets of soft matter solutions have different morphologies upon drying, and can become wrinkled, buckled or cavitated particles. We investigate the morphology evolution of a drying soft matter droplet in this work: at the early stage of drying, wrinkling or cavitation instability can occur in the droplet, depending on the comparison between the critical wrinkling and cavitation pressure; at a later stage of drying, no wrinkles will appear if cavitation happens first, while cavitation can still occur if wrinkling happens first. A three-dimensional phase diagram in the space of elastic length, gel layer thickness and weight loss is provided to illustrate the drying pathways of a soft matter droplet. This diagram can help guide future fabrications of micro-particles with desired morphologies.
The Astrometric Performance Test of 80 cm Telescope at Yaoan Station and Precise CCD Positions of Apophis
Authors: Guo Bifeng , Peng Qingyu , Chen Ying , Zheng Zhongjie , Shang Yijia , Li Dan , Chen Xiao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The 80 cm azimuthal telescope has newly been mounted at Yaoan Station, Purple Mountain Observatory since 2018. The astrometric performance of the telescope is tested in the following three aspects. (a) The geometric distortion of its CCD attached. It is stable in both a single epoch and multi epochs. Eight distortion solutions are derived over about one year. The maximum values range from 0.75 to 0.79 pixel and the median values range from 0.14 to 0.16 pixel. (b) The limit magnitude of stars. About 20.5 mag (Gaia-G) stars can be detected with Johnson-V filter exposured in 300 s. The astrometric error of about 20.5 mag stars is estimated at 0.″14 using the fitted sigmoidal function. (c) The astrometric accuracy and the precision of stacked fast-moving faint object. 24 stacked frames of the potentially hazardous asteroid (99942) Apophis were derived on 2021 April 14 and 15 (fainter than 18 mag) based on the ephemeris shifts. During data reduction, the newest Gaia EDR3 Catalog and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Horizons ephemeris are referenced as theoretical positions of stars and Apophis, respectively. Our results show that the mean (O − C)s (observed minus computed) of Apophis are −0.″018 and 0.″020 in R.A. and decl., and the dispersions are estimated at 0.″094 and 0.″085, respectively, which show the consistency of the stacked results by Astrometrica.
Dynamics of ultralow-q plasmas in the RFX-mod device
Authors: Zuin M. , Agostini M. , Auriemma F. , Bonfiglio D. , Cappello S. , Carraro L. , Cavazzana R. , Cordaro L. , Franz P. , Marrelli L. , Martines E. , Puiatti M.E. , Piovan R. , Spizzo G. , Terranova D. , Vianello N. , Zanca P. , Zaniol B. , Zanotto L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The results are presented of an experimental activity performed in the RFX-mod device aimed at characterizing plasma dynamics in the so-called Ultralow-q (ULq) magnetic configuration, which corresponds to edge safety factor values below 1. The role of the edge safety factor in determining plasma dynamics is studied. In particular, a characterization of MHD activity is performed. The results of dedicated non-linear 3D visco-resistive MHD simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations. In particular, the predicted tendency for ULq plasmas to be characterized by magnetic spectra dominated by a single mode (either a kink or a double resonant internal mode) is confirmed by experiment. Magnetic reconnection plays a relevant role in determining the dynamics of the magnetic topology. Both almost quiescent and largely fluctuating plasmas are observed with a strong sensitivity on the edge safety factor. The main MHD properties of the ULq are compared to those of RFP and tokamak discharges, also produced in the RFX-mod device. MHD modes exhibit toroidal rotation at a frequency depending on mode amplitude. Differently from what encountered in RFP plasmas at comparable current levels, no wall locking is detected.
Development of 200 MeV linac for the SKIF light source injector
Authors: Andrianov A. , Arsentyeva M. , Barnyakov A. , Chekmenev D. , Levichev A. , Meshkov O. , Nikiforov D. , Pavlov O. , Pivovarov I. , Samoylov S. , Volkov V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The new fourth-generation synchrotron light source SKIF is
under development in Novosibirsk, Russia. It consists of a 3 GeV
electron storage ring with extremely low emittance, a booster
synchrotron, and a linear accelerator. The paper discusses essential
aspects of the design of the 200 MeV linear accelerator for SKIF,
its main characteristics, and parameters in different operation
modes. Description of the linac systems is presented.
Elucidating the present-day chemical composition, seasonality and source regions of climate-relevant aerosols across the Arctic land surface
Authors: Moschos Vaios , Schmale Julia , Aas Wenche , Becagli Silvia , Calzolai Giulia , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Moffett Claire E , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Severi Mirko , Sharma Sangeeta , Skov Henrik , Vestenius Mika , Zhang Wendy , Hakola Hannele , Hellén Heidi , Huang Lin , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Massling Andreas , Nøjgaard Jakob K , Petäjä Tuukka , Popovicheva Olga , Sheesley Rebecca J , Traversi Rita , Yttri Karl Espen , Prévôt André S H , Baltensperger Urs , El Haddad Imad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Arctic is warming two to three times faster than the global average, and the role of aerosols is not well constrained. Aerosol number concentrations can be very low in remote environments, rendering local cloud radiative properties highly sensitive to available aerosol. The composition and sources of the climate-relevant aerosols, affecting Arctic cloud formation and altering their microphysics, remain largely elusive due to a lack of harmonized concurrent multi-component, multi-site, and multi-season observations. Here, we present a dataset on the overall chemical composition and seasonal variability of the Arctic total particulate matter (with a size cut at 10 μm, PM10, or without any size cut) at eight observatories representing all Arctic sectors. Our holistic observational approach includes the Russian Arctic, a significant emission source area with less dedicated aerosol monitoring, and extends beyond the more traditionally studied summer period and black carbon/sulfate or fine-mode pollutants. The major airborne Arctic PM components in terms of dry mass are sea salt, secondary (non-sea-salt, nss) sulfate, and organic aerosol (OA), with minor contributions from elemental carbon (EC) and ammonium. We observe substantial spatiotemporal variability in component ratios, such as EC/OA, ammonium/nss-sulfate and OA/nss-sulfate, and fractional contributions to PM. When combined with component-specific back-trajectory analysis to identify marine or terrestrial origins, as well as the companion study by Moschos et al 2022 Nat. Geosci. focusing on OA, the composition analysis provides policy-guiding observational insights into sector-based differences in natural and anthropogenic Arctic aerosol sources. In this regard, we first reveal major source regions of inner-Arctic sea salt, biogenic sulfate, and natural organics, and highlight an underappreciated wintertime source of primary carbonaceous aerosols (EC and OA) in West Siberia, potentially associated with the oil and gas sector. The presented dataset can assist in reducing uncertainties in modelling pan-Arctic aerosol-climate interactions, as the major contributors to yearly aerosol mass can be constrained. These models can then be used to predict the future evolution of individual inner-Arctic atmospheric PM components in light of current and emerging pollution mitigation measures and improved region-specific emission inventories.
Development of cellulose acetate membrane performance by carboxylate multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fadl E , Noumir H , Morsy A , Kandil S , Ebrahim Sh , Khalil M M A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanocomposite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were developed using cellulose acetate (CA) and various amounts of the carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) via phase inversion procedure. The prepared membranes were investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopies, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and water contact angle measurement to deduce the structural, morphological, and hydrophilic properties. The incorporation of CMWCNTs improved the performance and the hydrophilicity of the CA-RO membranes. AFM images of pure CA-RO and modified CA-RO membranes with 0.059 wt% CMWCNTs revealed that the surface roughness values were 202 nm and 7.04 nm, respectively. The salt rejection and the permeate water flux of the membranes were measured at a high salt concentration of 10,000 ppm and high salinity of 35,000 ppm NaCl solution using the cross-flow technique. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes at the optimum addition of CMWCNTs (0.059 wt%) produced the highest salt rejection of 98.5%, and permeate water flux value of 5.85 l m−2h−1. At higher CMWCNTs concentrations (0.177 wt%), the salt rejection was declined to 76%.
Production and properties of a laccase isozyme (FvLcc3) from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, which is undetectable under the culture condition for fruiting body formation
Authors: Cesur Aylin , Nada Yuya , Asada Yasuhiko , Watanabe Akira 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Extracellular laccase isozyme (FvLcc3) from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes was found to be undetectable under the culture condition for fruiting body formation. FvLcc3 was purified and determined to be an approximately 53-kDa monomeric protein. FvLcc3 showed the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) followed by 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol and did not oxidize 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine.
Phitest for analyzing the homogeneity of single-cell populations
Authors: Li Wei Vivian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell RNA sequencing technologies facilitate the characterization of transcriptomic landscapes in diverse species, tissues and cell types with unprecedented molecular resolution. In order to better understand animal development, physiology, and pathology, unsupervised clustering analysis is often used to identify relevant cell populations. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of clustering algorithms in recent years, it remains challenging to evaluate the quality of the inferred single-cell clusters, which can greatly impact downstream analysis and interpretation.ResultsWe propose a bioinformatics tool named Phitest to analyze the homogeneity of single-cell populations. Phitest is able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations, providing an objective and automatic method to optimize the performance of single-cell clustering analysis.Availability and implementationThe PhitestR package is freely available on both Github (https://github.com/Vivianstats/PhitestR) and the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). There is no new genomic data associated with this article. Published data used in the analysis are described in detail in the Supplementary Data.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
390 Assessing the Standard of Operative Notes Within a Vascular Surgery Department: An Audit Cycle
Authors: Lim K.H. , Wong P.F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aim
Both the General Medical Council and Royal College of Surgeons of England’s (RCSEng) ‘Good Surgical Practice’ state that all clinical documentation must be recorded clearly, accurately, and legibly. The operative note is not just a means of communicating post-operative plans but can also be used for medico-legal purposes. The aim of this audit cycle was to ascertain how well the operative notes within a Vascular Surgery department adhered to the guidelines devised by RCSEng.

Method
40 operative notes were analysed prospectively against the criteria stated in the ‘Good Surgical Practice'. The surgeons were made aware of the initial results via a departmental meeting. Using the Plan-Study-Do-Act (PDSA) model, we studied the pre-existing operative note template and created an aide-memoire highlighting the criteria with poor compliance. This was placed in all the vascular theatres. A re-audit was then undertaken 2 months after.

Results
In the first audit, we noted good compliance in areas that were included in the pre-existing template such as date (97.5%), name of operator (97.5%), name of anaesthetist (100%), operative procedure (100%), and closure technique (95%). Areas in need for improvement included time (0%), anticipated blood loss (2.5%) and elective/emergency procedure (10%). The second cycle demonstrated improvements (100% compliance) in most parameters. Documentation of time, elective/emergency procedure, and legibility showed minimal improvement.

Conclusions
This audit highlighted the importance of greater awareness of the expected standard of note documentation. Implementation of proformas and electronic documentation can effectively circumvent issues related to variability and legibility, and ultimately improve patient safety.
418 Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Multicentre Prospective International Cohort Study
Authors:   CovidSurg Collaborative, Mann H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of VTE than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with perioperative or previous SARS-CoV-2 were at further risk of VTE.

Method
International, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patient from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was VTE (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as perioperative (7-days before to 30-days after surgery), recent (1–6 weeks before surgery), and previous (³7 weeks before surgery).

Results
The postoperative VTE rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, 2.2% (50/2,317) in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2, 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2, and 1.0% (11/1,148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with perioperative (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.03) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.94, 1.15–3.29) remained at higher risk of VTE, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.65, 0.90–3.02). Overall, VTE was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR 5.39, 4.33–6.70). In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, mortality without VTE was 7.4% (319/4,342) and with VTE was 40.8% (31/76).

Conclusions
Patients undergoing surgery with a perioperative or recent SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are at increased risk of VTE compared to non-infected surgical patients.
369 The Burnout Pandemic; the Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Training Programmes on Burnout in Postgraduate Trainees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Super J. , Gunnee M. , Little M. , Vinnicombe Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Burnout is described as a state of mental exhaustion caused by one’s professional life, and is characterised by three domains: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and a reduced sense of accomplishment. The prevalence of stress is high amongst doctors, and varies by specialty, gender, trainee level, and socioeconomic status. The authors set out to examine the scale of the problem, as well as to determine the influence of both socioeconomic status and chosen training programme on burnout amongst postgraduate trainees. This would identify at risk groups, and aid in future targeted interventions.

Method
Cross-sectional data was obtained, following approval from the General Medical Council (GMC), from The National Training Survey, completed annually by all trainees in the United Kingdom. Data was then anonymised and analysed. Burnout scores were derived from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and are positively framed (higher scores equal lower burnout).

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 63,122 participants across 2019 and 2020. Mean burnout amongst all trainees combined was 52.40 +/- 19.29. Burnout scores from the most deprived quintile was significantly lower compared with those from the least deprived quintile; 51.02 +/- 20.64 versus 52.89 +/- 18.92 respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The highest levels of burnout were reported in Internal Medical Training, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Core Surgical Training respectively.

Conclusions
Postgraduates from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to encounter burnout during training. At risk groups who may also benefit from targeted intervention include Core Surgical Trainees, requiring further examination through future studies.
Mucinous rectal cancers: clinical features and prognosis in a population-based cohort
Authors: Enblad Malin , Hammarström Klara , Folkesson Joakim , Imam Israa , Golubovik Milan , Glimelius Bengt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeMucinous rectal cancers are generally associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to clinically characterize mucinous rectal cancers in a defined region of Sweden.MethodsAll patients with rectal cancer in Uppsala and Dalarna, Sweden, between 2010 and 2018, were identified using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Data were verified and updated by way of medical, radiology, and histopathology reports. Patients were selected if magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, and/or surgical specimen were mucinous. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), time to recurrence (TTR), pattern of metastatization, and downstaging. Risk factors for recurrence were analysed with univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsOf 1220 patients with rectal cancer, 263 (22 per cent) had a mucinous specimen, median (interquartile range; i.q.r.) age was 71 (63–77) years, and 152 (58 per cent) were men. Most were localized in the low–middle rectum (76 per cent) and were stage III (53 per cent), or stage IV (28 per cent). The 5-year OS was 55 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 49 to 62); after total mesorectal excision (n = 164), 5-year OS was 75 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 68 to 83), and 5-year TTR was 68 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 60 to 77). In those with complete response (pCR), pStage I, pStage II, and pStage III, 5-year TTR was 93 per cent, 85 per cent, 74 per cent, and 44 per cent respectively. Synchronous metastasis was most common in the liver (64 per cent) and metachronous in the lungs (58 per cent). pCR was achieved in 14 patients, (13 per cent); whereas T and N category downstaging was achieved in 31 (28 per cent) and 67 patients (61 per cent) respectively. Perineural invasion had the strongest association with recurrence (hazard ratio 6.34, 95 per cent c.i. 2.50 to 16.10).ConclusionMucinous rectal cancers have high recurrence rates, but pCR rate is more than 10 per cent. Perineural invasion is the main feature associated with recurrence.