bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intraspecific relationship between wood density, vessel diameter and other traits across environmental gradients
Authors: Fajardo Alex , Piper Frida I. , García‐Cervigón Ana I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Wood density (WD), a key trait in the trait‐based approach of plant ecology, represents a carbon investment trait that varies across species and reflects a trade‐off between metabolism and longevity. Across species, WD has been found to vary with phylogeny, moisture, temperature and xylem anatomy (e.g. vessel diameter). However, we know little about WD variation at the intraspecific level. Here, we examined how ecologically important functional traits vary in relation to WD in three generalist, exceptionally wide‐niche breadth tree species from southern Chile, making use of broad precipitation and temperature gradients.

We collected branches from Embothrium coccineum and Nothofagus antarctica across a wide W–E precipitation gradient (2,500–600 mm of annual precipitation) and from N. pumilio across an elevational gradient (from low to treeline elevation). For each individual, we determined WD, several xylem anatomical features, for example, mean vessel diameter (MVD), hydraulic diameter (Dh), hydraulic conductivity (Kt), mean vessel area (MVA), vessel size distribution (MVA/VD) and other traits including concentrations of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs), secondary growth, leaf traits, water‐use efficiency (iWUE) and growth rate (AI). We quantified the correlation between WD and other traits and evaluated whether WD‐trait relationships differed across species using linear mixed‐effects models.

We found consistent and significant negative relationships between WD and several xylem anatomy traits, including Dh, Kt, MVA and MVD. Contrary to our expectations, WD was not related to leaf traits, NSCs, iWUE and AI. Wood density had a significantly negative relationship to MVA/VD (and to a lesser extent, MVD) for both E. coccineum and N. antarctica (the precipitation gradient), while these relationships were positive for N. pumilio (the temperature gradient).

Few of the WD and other trait relationships examined at the intraspecific level in this study paralleled those found across species. At the intraspecific level, WD proved to be much more related to xylem anatomical traits than to other traits. Importantly, in some cases, WD‐xylem anatomical trait relationships showed opposite trends depending on the environmental gradient. We must be cautious when using interspecific studies as the basis for inferring trait‐based responses to environmental change across other organisation levels.

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Comparison of portable and benchtop electrochemical instruments for detection of inorganic and organic gunshot residues in authentic shooter samples
Authors: Dalzell Kourtney A. , Ott Colby E. , Trejos Tatiana , Arroyo Luis E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnalysis of gunshot residue currently lacks effective screening methods that can be implemented in real time at the crime scene. Historically, SEM‐EDS has been the standard for analysis; however, advances in technology have brought portable instrumentation to the forefront of forensic science disciplines, including the screening of GSR. This study proposes electrochemical methods with disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes for GSR screening at the laboratory and points of care due to their rapid, cost‐efficient, and compact platform. GSR residues were extracted from typical aluminum/carbon adhesive collection stubs and analyzed via square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Benchtop and portable electrochemical instruments were compared for the assessment and classification of authentic shooter samples by monitoring a panel of inorganic and organic GSR elements and compounds including lead, antimony, copper, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, nitroglycerin, and ethyl centralite. The evaluation included the assessment of figures of merit and performance measures from quality controls, nonshooter, and shooter data sets. Samples collected from the hands of 200 background individuals (nonshooters), and shooters who fired leaded ammunition (100) and lead‐free ammunition (50) were analyzed by the benchtop and portable systems with accuracies of 95.7% and 96.5%, respectively. The findings indicate that electrochemical methods are fast, sensitive, and specific for the identification of inorganic and organic gunshot residues. The portable potentiostat provided results comparable with the benchtop system, serving as a proof‐of‐concept to transition this methodology to crime scenes for a practical and inexpensive GSR screening that could reduce backlogs, improve investigative leads, and increase the impact of gunshot residues in forensic science.
Effect of microcrystalline cellulose under different hydrolysis durations on the stability of thyme oil emulsion
Authors: Niu Fuge , Zhang Bin , Du Yixuan , Hu Demei , Ma Shuang , Feng Zhi‐juan , Zhang Yating , Pan Weichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe thyme oil emulsion was prepared using a novel type of nanocellulose obtained under different hydrolysis durations. The effect of different cellulose structures on interfacial adsorption properties of emulsion and loading efficiency of thyme oil were analyzed. The results showed that the cellulose particles became more homogeneous and hydrophilic after hydrolysis duration for 10 h. The loading efficiency of thyme oil for all emulsions reached about 80%. The retention rate of thyme oil decreased during the storage period, and rising temperatures will exacerbate the loss of thyme oil. Compared to Hd2, emulsions stabilized by Hd10 exhibited better stability and higher retention at all storage conditions. Cellulose emulsion can increase the dispersion and improve the stability of thyme oil. A smaller cellulose particle could make the emulsion become more stable. The experimental results confirmed that cellulose can be used as a stabilizer to encapsulate and transport hydrophobic active ingredient.Practical ApplicationThe study results demonstrated that the emulsion transport system was developed using cellulose nanoparticles prepared by hydrolysis. The system can be used to load hydrophobic active substances (active peptides, curcumin, β‐carotene, essential oils, etc.). It can protect the active substance from environmental damage, enhance water solubility and stability, and improve the bioavailability of the active substance.
Previously unreported variant collateral supply in an acute stroke patient with anomalous common and internal carotid artery anatomy undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: McLaughlin Aden , Phillips Timothy 
Published: May 2022

SummaryAgenesis of the common carotid and internal carotid arteries are rare entities. Approximately 100 cases of internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis are reported in the literature, and even fewer cases of common carotid agenesis. The collateral supply in such cases is well described and typically follows one of only a small number of variations. Lie classically described six major pathways of collateral supply in ICA agenesis (Congenital Anomalies of the Carotid Arteries. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1968; 35). Vasovic et al. in a comprehensive review of all published cases of common carotid agenesis have similarly described the typical variations in collateral supply seen in this setting. Neither described the anatomy presented here.
Synthetic microbial consortia with programmable ecological interactions
Authors: Li Shuyao , Xiao Jing , Sun Tianzheng , Yu Fangjian , Zhang Kaihang , Feng Yuantao , Xu Chenchao , Wang Baojun , Cheng Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Central to the composition, structure and function of any microbial community is the complex species interaction web. But understanding the overwhelming complexity of ecological interaction webs has been challenging, owing at least partly to the lack of efficient tools for disentangling species interactions in natural or artificial microbial communities.

In this study, we developed a microbial experimental system which allows for rapidly generating microbial consortia with programmable ecological interactions. We engineered the model organism Escherichia coli to construct metabolism‐ and quorum sensing‐based modules. The two engineered modules were used to create synthetic microbial consortia of synergy, competition and exploitation.

We showed that each of synthetic microbial consortia displayed the unique mode of population dynamics under certain initial inoculation conditions. We also demonstrated that the transitions between exploitation and the types of competition or synergy based on the same paired strains were plausible by tuning the two engineered modules. We lastly derived mathematical models to quantitatively capture the experimentally observed population dynamics of these synthetic microbial consortia.

This approach offers a fresh angle to engineering microbial systems for experimentally testing ecological questions with a much greater control and manipulation.
Repellent and toxic effects of Salvia rosmarinus oil against Liriomyza sativae
Authors: Niu Dongsheng , Liu Zhaoxia , Shen Lingling , Zhou Huiling , You Minsheng , Isman Murray , You Shijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe vegetable leafminer (VLM) Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is a troublesome pest of vegetable and ornamental plants worldwide. Resistance development and environmental pollution from the overuse of chemical insecticides have driven interest in alternative control strategies for this pest. Secondary metabolites derived from aromatic nonhost plants are recognised components of the plant defence system against herbivores. The essential oils derived from aromatic plants not only repel insects but also have toxic effects against various insect pests, yet little is known about their effects against leafminers. The major constituents of the essential oil extracted from rosemary leaves by hydrodistillation were identified by GC–MS. The behavioural responses of VLM adults to the rosemary essential oil (REO) were explored with Y‐tube olfactometer experiments, and the oviposition and feeding deterrent effects of REO against adults were studied using no‐choice cage tests. Dipping methods were used to determine the toxicity of REO and Matrine (a commercial botanical pesticide) against VLM eggs, larvae and pupae, while glass‐vial bioassays were used for adults. The identified major constituents of the cineoliferum chemotype of REO were 1,8‐cineole (23.53%), pinene (23.45%), (S)‐(−)‐verbenone (12.84%) and borneol (7.47%). REO repelled leafminer adults. Sublethal concentrations of REO deterred oviposition and feeding by adults. Adults were more susceptible than other developmental stages to toxicity of REO and Matrine. Female adults were more sensitive than males, based on EC50 values at 24 and 48 hr after treatment. Rosemary essential oil is a behaviour‐modifying stimulus potentially useful in a “push‐pull” strategy for L. sativae control, and as an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides due to its low toxicity and high efficacy in the control of VLM.
A systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of droperidol for pediatric agitation in acute care settings
Authors: Ramsden Shannon C. , Pergjika Alba , Janssen Aron C. , Mudahar Sukhraj , Fawcett Andrea , Walkup John T. , Hoffmann Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveAgitation in children in acute care settings poses significant patient and staff safety concerns. While behavioral approaches are central to reducing agitation and oral medications are preferred, parenteral medications are used when necessary to promote safety. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an ultra‐short‐acting parenteral medication, droperidol, for the management of acute, severe agitation in children in acute care settings.MethodsA systematic review of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series/reports examined the effectiveness and safety of parenteral droperidol for management of acute agitation in patients ≤21 years old in acute care settings. Effectiveness outcomes included time to sedation and need for a subsequent dose of medication. Safety outcomes were adverse effects such as QTc prolongation, hypotension, respiratory depression, and dystonic reactions.ResultsA total of 431 unique articles were identified. Six articles met inclusion criteria: two in the prehospital setting, one in the emergency department, and three in the inpatient hospital setting. The articles included a prospective observational study, three retrospective observational studies, and two case reports. The largest study reported a median time to sedation of 14 min (interquartile range 10–20 min); other studies reported a time to sedation of 15 min or less. Across studies, 8%–22% of patients required a second dose of medication for ongoing agitation. The most frequent adverse effects were dystonic reactions and transient hypotension. One patient had QTc prolongation and another developed respiratory depression, but both had significant comorbidities that may have contributed. The risk of bias in included studies ranged from moderate to critical.ConclusionsExisting data on droperidol for management of acute agitation in children suggest that droperidol is both effective and safe for acute, severe agitation in children. Data are limited by study designs that may introduce bias.
Genetic diversity and selection signatures of four indigenous pig breeds from eastern China
Authors: Chen Zitao , Ye Xiaowei , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Qingbo , Xiang Yun , Xu Ningying , Wang Qishan , Pan Yuchun , Guo Xiaoling , Wang Zhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChinese indigenous pig breeds have been undergoing selection for thousands of years, and have become invaluable genetic sources over the world. To investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of Jinhua (JH), Longyou Black (LYW), Shengxian Spotted (SXH), and Lanxi Spotted (LXH) breeds, a total of 200 pigs belonging to 10 diverse population were genotyped using SNP chips. The results showed that LYW pigs exhibited higher level of heterozygosity than the other indigenous pigs. In addition, gene introgression from intensively reared commercial pig breeds to LYW pigs was detected. Moreover, selection signature analysis revealed the possibility of differences between Chinese indigenous and intensively reared commercial pig breeds were mainly present for meat and carcass traits. Furthermore, we found that ANXA13, DISP1, and SRSF6 were the nearest genes located around the common selection signatures detected between each indigenous pig breed and Chinese wild boars. Our findings provide new insights into the selection signatures of Chinese indigenous pigs, and may contribute to future pig breeding.
The Electoral Consequences of Household Indebtedness under Austerity
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhat are the political consequences of rising household debt in the context of fiscal austerity? I argue that cuts in welfare benefits privatize social obligations as voters address ensuing financial shortfalls by borrowing money. Debt re‐commodifies individuals and shifts their electoral support from incumbents to opposition and anti‐establishment parties by provoking feelings of political neglect, economic vulnerability, and strong emotional responses. I examine this argument by leveraging spatial and temporal variation in the rollout of Universal Credit (UC), a large‐scale welfare reform in the United Kingdom. Using fine‐grained administrative data on unsecured debt, I demonstrate that fiscal austerity generated an increase in indebtedness, which lowered support for the incumbent Conservatives and strengthened support for Labour and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). I then use individual‐level survey data to explore the mechanisms that link debt and political behavior. The results suggest that rising indebtedness increases the political costs of welfare retrenchment and creates new political cleavages.
Use of telemedicine consultations in head and neck cancer: patient perceptions, acceptability and accessibility
Authors: Dhillon Kaman , Manji Jamil , Tapia Céspedes Mario , Prasad Jessica , Kleid Stephen , Flatman Samuel , Nguyen Kevin , McLean Timothy , Magarey Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundsTelemedicine has been effective in the management of various medical conditions, however, there is limited knowledge of its use in head and neck oncosurveillance. This is of importance currently while trying to mitigate the risk of transmission during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aims to evaluate acceptability, satisfaction and perceptions of telemedicine technology among outpatients for head and neck oncologic surveillance.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted for head and neck surgical oncology patients who attended telemedicine consultations between March and October 2020 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. Data on demographic, socioeconomic and acceptability variables was collected, utilizing Likert scale questions. The primary outcome measures were patient satisfaction and perceptions, while the secondary outcome was access to technology.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen patients were invited to participate, and 100 were included in the final analysis; 95% of patient's had a positive experience with telemedicine appointments and were willing to have future telemedicine appointments. Regional and rural patients were more accepting of telemedicine consultations, citing savings in travel time and the minimal disruption to normal day‐to‐day activities. All participants had access to telecommunication devices, with 63% having three or more devices. Issues identified include a lack of physical examination by clinician for 65% of participants and the inability to self‐examine for 88% of participants.ConclusionThe study demonstrates patients' acceptance of telemedicine appointments as a component of outpatient surveillance for head and neck surgical oncology. This has benefits during the COVID‐19 pandemic in addition to increasing accessibility for rural patients.
Temporary mechanical circulatory support for COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Mariani Silvia , De Piero Maria Elena , Ravaux Justine M. , Saelmans Alexander , Kawczynski Michal J. , van Bussel Bas C. T. , Di Mauro Michele , Willers Anne , Swol Justyna , Kowalewski Mariusz , Li Tong , Delnoij Thijs S. R. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Maessen Jos , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveMyocardial damage occurs in up to 25% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases. While veno‐venous extracorporeal life support (V‐V ECLS) is used as respiratory support, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) may be required for severe cardiac dysfunction. This systematic review summarizes the available literature regarding MCS use rates, disease drivers for MCS initiation, and MCS outcomes in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsPubMed/EMBASE were searched until October 14, 2021. Articles including adults receiving ECLS for COVID‐19 were included. The primary outcome was the rate of MCS use. Secondary outcomes included mortality at follow‐up, ECLS conversion rate, intubation‐to‐cannulation time, time on ECLS, cardiac diseases, use of inotropes, and vasopressors.ResultsTwenty‐eight observational studies (comprising both ECLS‐only populations and ECLS patients as part of larger populations) included 4218 COVID‐19 patients (females: 28.8%; median age: 54.3 years, 95%CI: 50.7–57.8) of whom 2774 (65.8%) required ECLS with the majority (92.7%) on V‐V ECLS, 4.7% on veno‐arterial ECLS and/or Impella, and 2.6% on other ECLS. Acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest were reported in 7.8%, 9.7%, and 6.6% of patients, respectively. Vasopressors were used in 37.2%. Overall, 3.1% of patients required an ECLS change from V‐V ECLS to MCS for heart failure, myocarditis, or myocardial infarction. The median ECLS duration was 15.9 days (95%CI: 13.9–16.3), with an overall survival of 54.6% and 28.1% in V‐V ECLS and MCS patients. One study reported 61.1% survival with oxy‐right ventricular assist device.ConclusionMCS use for cardiocirculatory compromise has been reported in 7.3% of COVID‐19 patients requiring ECLS, which is a lower percentage compared to the incidence of any severe cardiocirculatory complication. Based on the poor survival rates, further investigations are warranted to establish the most appropriated indications and timing for MCS in COVID‐19.
Integration of sustained low‐efficiency dialysis into extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A feasibility study
Authors: Arnold Frederic , Wobser Rika , Kalbhenn Johannes , Westermann Lukas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere COVID‐19 can necessitate multiple organ support including veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) and renal replacement therapy. The therapy can be complicated by venous thromboembolism due to COVID‐19‐related hypercoagulability, thus restricting vascular access beyond the vvECMO cannula. Although continuous renal replacement therapy can be performed via a vvECMO circuit, studies addressing sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) integration into vvECMO circuits are scarce. Here we address the lack of evidence by evaluating feasibility of SLED integration into vvECMO circuits.MethodsRetrospective cohort study on nine critically ill COVID‐19 patients, treated with integrated ECMO‐SLED on a single intensive care unit at a tertiary healthcare facility between December 2020 and November 2021. The SLED circuits were established between the accessory arterial oxygenator outlets of a double‐oxygenator vvECMO setup. Data on filter survival, quality of dialysis, and volume management were collected and compared with an internal control group receiving single SLED.ResultsThis study demonstrates general feasibility of SLED integration into existing vvECMO circuits. Filter lifespans of ECMO‐SLED compared with single SLED are significantly prolonged (median 18.3 h vs. 10.3 h, p < 0.01). ECMO‐SLED treatment is furthermore able to sufficiently normalize creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum sodium, and allows for adequate ultrafiltration rates.ConclusionsWe can show that ECMO‐SLED is practical, safe, results in adequate dialysis quality and enables sufficient electrolyte and volume management. Our data indicate that SLED devices can serve as potential alternative to continuous‐veno‐venous‐hemodialysis for integration in vvECMO circuits.
Impaired renal clearance among Swedish adolescents born preterm
Authors: Skogastierna Carin , Elfvin Anders , Hansson Sverker , Magnusson Per , Swolin‐Eide Diana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether adolescents born before 28 gestational weeks have an increased risk for renal impairment.MethodsSwedish infants, born before 28 gestational weeks in 2001 and 2002, were identified from a local register. A total of 16 children, 12 females and 4 males, were examined at 16–17 years of age with 51Cr‐EDTA clearance. A comparison group (n = 26) was used.ResultsMost study participants (n = 13) had normal blood pressure; one individual had hypertension stage 1. All study participants had results within the reference interval for ionised calcium, parathyroid hormone, intact fibroblast growth factor‐23 and for urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio. Four out of 16 participants (25%) had a 51Cr‐EDTA clearance less than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, indicating a reduced kidney function. Measured 51Cr‐EDTA clearance values were significantly lower in the study group than in the comparison group (p = 0.0012). Five study participants (31%) were referred for further investigations.ConclusionSwedish children born before 28 gestational weeks have an increased risk of renal impairment later in life, suggesting that the kidney function in these individuals should be assessed, at least once, during adolescence.