bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead Exposure of Four Biologically Important Common Branded and Nonbranded Spices: Relative Analysis and Health Implication
Authors: Alam M. Nur E , Hosen M. Mozammal , Maksud M. A. , Khan S.R. , Lutfa L.N. , Choudhury Tasrina Rabia , Quraishi Shamshad B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bioactive compounds containing the four most common and often used powdered spices for food preparation have been studied concerning lead contamination and human health risk assessment, especially in branded and nonbranded categories. A total of 72 spice samples were analysed using Varian AA240FS flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A validated and optimized method using hot plate digestion was used for this study. Freshly prepared standards were used to construct a calibration curve. The overall range of lead levels in branded and nonbranded spice samples was found to be < 0.27–2.80, < 0.27–0.48, < 0.27–13.83, 0.28–8.19 and < 0.27–5.56, < 0.27–3.84, < 0.27–37.29, 0.29–0.65 for cumin powder, red pepper chili, turmeric powder, and coriander powder, respectively. The nonbranded item has shown slightly higher value than branded items except coriander powder. Approximately 90% of the spice samples were shown to be within the maximum allowable limit by the Bangladesh Standard. The studied Pb level was inconsistent in both categories of spices but did not have any health implications in the case of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic studies. Overall, Pb concentrations in most common spices collected from Dhaka city were found to be slightly higher in nonbranded items. This shows us that it is of vital importance that the areas where spices are collected are clean, especially by means of Pb, because these spices can cause more benefits than harm they may provide in such a contamination.
Loss to follow-up after surgery in patients with hip fractures
Authors: Rui Min , Ren Kewei , Hui Yujian , Kan Peng , Du Xingye , Shen Jianguo , Ren Yajun , Zheng Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-attendance with scheduled postoperative follow-up visits remains a common problem in orthopaedic clinical researches. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for loss to follow-up of hip-fracture patients postoperatively.
Methods: A 1-year postoperatively retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for hip-fractures between January 2017 and December 2018. According to whether they finished the appointed follow-up schedule, the patients were divided into two groups: LTFU Group (Follow-up loss group) and FU Group (Follow-up group). Patients’ clinical outcomes were evaluated by Functional Recovery Score (FRS) questionnaires. Telephone interviews were attempted on those lost to follow-up to determine the reasons. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were compared and the statistical differences were analyzed by logistic regression.
Results: 1,041 patients met the inclusion criteria were included in this study, of which 212 (20.37%) patients were lost to follow-up at 1 year postoperatively. The mean age in LTFU Group was 76.70±12.78 and 71.31±13.87 in FU Group (P<0.001). The FRS in LTFU Group were higher than that of FU group (84.0 vs. 82.0, P=0.083), with no significant difference. The logistic regression analysis showed that old age at surgery, fracture type, distance to hospital, Hemiarthroplasty surgery and patients’ transport to hospital by urban-rural public traffic or bus were found to be risk factors for noncompliance with the follow-up visit.
Conclusions: Loss to follow-up was common in patients with hip-fracture postoperatively. Our study suggested advanced age, difficult transport, long distance, fracture type and surgical procedures were risk factors for noncompliance. Key Words Hip Fracture, Orthopaedic surgery, Replacement, Internal fixation, Loss, Follow-up
Advances in AHLs-mediated quorum sensing system in wastewater biological nitrogen removal: mechanism, function, and application
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Chen Hu , Wang Ying , Lv Yongkang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal process is to convert organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen via a series of reactions by microorganisms, and is widely used in wastewater treatment for its costless, high-effective, secondary pollution-free characteristics. Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mode for microorganisms to regulate bacteria's physiological behaviors in response to environmental changes. N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated QS system is widespread in nitrogen removal-related functional bacteria and promotes biological nitrogen removal performance by regulating bacteria behavior. Recently, there has been an increasingly investigated AHLs-mediated QS system in wastewater biological nitrogen removal process. Consequently, the AHLs-mediated QS system is considered a promising regulatory strategy in the biological nitrogen removal process. This article reviewed the QS mechanism in various nitrogen removal-related functional bacteria and analyzed its effect on biological nitrogen removal performance. Combined with the application research of the QS system for enhanced biological nitrogen removal, it further put forward some prospects and suggestions which are of practical significance in practical application.
Structure, Function and Regulation of Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Koschinsky Marlys L. , Ramharack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a focus of intensive investigation owing to the correlation that has been demonstrated between elevated plasma Lp(a) levels and the development of a variety of atherosclerotic disorders. The Lp(a) particle resembles LDL and contains apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoproteinB-100 linked by a single disulfide bond. Apolipoprotein(a), which distinguishes Lp(a) from low density lipoprotein both immunologically and biochemically, shares a high level of sequence similarity with the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen. The similarity between the two molecules has
prompted speculation that Lp(a) exerts is pathogenic effects by interfering with the normal functions of plasmin(ogen). This has been demonstrated in a number of studies which show that Lp(a) interferes with the tPA­ mediated activation of plasminogen. This, in tum, has been found to result in the decreased lysis of fibrin clots and in the reduced cleavage of TGF- and subsequent increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The demonstrated localization of Lp(a) in the arterial intima (likely mediated by its extensive interactions with extracellular matrix components) may also facilitate its oxidation and subsequent clearance via the macrophage scavenger receptor, thereby contributing to foam cell formation. Lp(a) can bind to glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans; these complexes are also ligands for the scavenger receptor. Lp(a) studies have been generally complicated by the high degree of heterogeneity that is associated with the plasma-derived molecule. For example, there are over 35 different apo(a) isoforms, which differ based on the number of identically-repeated plasminogen kringle IV-like sequences in the gene. Additionally, Lp(a) is heterogeneous in its ability to bind to lysine, and likely in its degree of glycosylation, as well as in the apolipoprotein content of the particle. Lp(a) levels are also highly variable in the population. While the mechanism(s) which govern plasma Lp(a) levels are currently unknown, there is evidence to suggest that Lp(a) levels are regulated at the levels of synthesis rather than catabolism. Although Lp(a) levels are genetically determined to a large degree, recent evidence suggests that plasma levels can be modulated by a variety of hormones and pharmacological agents.
Helminthosporiosis Impact on the Photosynthetic Apparatus and the Oxydative Status of Barley Seedlings at Different Stages of Development
Authors: Kаbashnikova Liudmila F. , Savchenko Galina E. , Abramchik Larisa M. , Domanskaya Irina N. , Viks Tatsiana N. , Pashkevich Lyubov V. , Pilipovich Tatsiana S. , Daubniuk Yuliya N. , Shpileuski Sviataslau N. , Martysiuk Hanna V. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In recent years, spot blotch, a disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., has emerged as a serious concern with regard to spring barley cultivation. However, the effect of this pathogen on the photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative status of barley plants at different stages of chloroplast development has hardly been studied.

Aims / Methods:
The study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic apparatus and protective system of a spring barley’s (Hordeum vulgare L.) response to Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. (B.S.) at different stages of chloroplast biogenesis. The green seedlings of different ages (3-11 days) were treated with fungal spores (106 spores×ml−l). The first leaves of seedlings were analyzed 24 or 48 hours after the inoculation with the pathogen.

Results:
Differences in response to fungal infection were identified in leaf tissues containing chloroplasts at different stages of development. The differences manifested themselves in the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of absorbed energy, the total content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity and polyphenol content. An increase in peroxidase (POX) activity in infected barley seedlings at the anabolic stage of chloroplast biogenesis and its decrease at the catabolic stage against the background of a constant increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were revealed. A high positive correlation between the chlorophyll and malondialdehyde content (MDA) was observed.

Conclusion:
In barley seedlings of different ages, a response to fungal contamination is different in the PS II activity, the general content of ROS and polyphenols, as well as the LPO activity. The photosynthetic and oxidative parameters of barley plants may be a useful tool to control plant immunity in view of breeding and novel protective technologies.
Psychoanalytic Conceptualization of Archetypes
Authors: Mohammed Araz Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

This study proposes a psychoanalytic reading of Kit Anderson’s Five Sisters: A Modern Novel of Kurdish Women based on Carl Gustav Jung’s (1875-1961) major theories of archetypes which are the persona, the shadow, and the self discussed in Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. While hospitality, honor killings, political persecution and resistance are displayed in the novel as general archetypal images that are used to label Kurds with, Anderson’s primary purpose in crafting characters, themes, and settings is the universal nature of suffering. The five sisters are engulfed by horrendous conditions, which produce a wide range of causes that push the novelist to exhibit various forms of the persona, the realization of the shadow, and the (dis)integration of the self. In order to create a world where the self prevails, the novel proposes two prospects: the dismantlement of tribal mentality and the liberation of women through education. The implication is that although Anderson presents a village in which clan mentality rules, the novel altogether is a plane that needs a pilot and runaway lights on either side to work through and to land.
A Trans Youth of Color Study to Measure Health and Wellness: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observation Study
Authors: Calvetti Sam , Rusow Joshua A , Lewis Jacqueline , Martinez Amarah , Slay Lindsay , Bray Bethany C , Goldbach Jeremy T , Kipke Michele D 
Published: September 2022

Background
Growing research on transgender youth is accounting for the variety of ways in which young people define their genders and sexualities. Because of this growing representation, more research is needed to understand how intersectional identities and stigma affect risk for HIV acquisition along the HIV care continuum and engagement in mental and physical health care. Little is known about accessibility to HIV-related prevention services of nonbinary and transmasculine youth, and further understanding of the impacts on transfeminine people—those who have historically faced the highest prevalence of HIV positivity—is crucial.

Objective
The overarching aims of the Trans Youth of Color Study are to conduct longitudinal research with a cohort of transgender minority youth (TGMY), explore factors that aid in the prevention of new HIV infection and transmission, and reduce HIV- and AIDS-related disparities by focusing on successful engagement in care. Findings from this research will be used to inform the development of new interventions designed to engage TGMY in the HIV prevention and care continua.

Methods
Longitudinal research (baseline and follow-up assessments every 6 months for 3 waves of data collection) followed a cohort (N=108) of transgender youth of color recruited in Los Angeles, California, United States. Participants were recruited using multiple community-informed strategies, such as from local venues, social media, and participant referral. In addition to self-report surveys, urine was collected to assess recent use of illicit drugs, and blood, rectal, and throat swabs were collected to test for current sexually transmitted infection and HIV infection. Additional blood and plasma samples (10 mL for 4 aliquots and 1 pellet) were collected and stored for future research.

Results
Participants in the Trans Youth of Color Study were recruited between May 25, 2018, and December 7, 2018. Baseline and longitudinal data are being analyzed as of August 2022.

Conclusions
The findings from this research will inform adaptations to existing evidence-based HIV prevention interventions and help to guide new interventions designed to engage TGMY, especially those who are Black, Indigenous, or people of color, in the HIV prevention and care continua.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/39207
TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DAN KENAKALAN REMAJA DALAM SENI LUKIS KONTEMPORER
Authors: Ningsih Angelia , Syafei Syafei 
Published: September 2022

Pembuatan karya akhir ini bertujuan untuk memvisualisasikan kenakalan remaja akibat teknologi digital dalam karya lukis kontemporer. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kegelisahan penulis terhadap kenakalan remaja yang dilakukan akibat pengaruh dari teknologi digital. Metode penciptaan pada karya akhir dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu: tahap persiapan, elaborasi, sintesis, realisasi konsep, dan tahapan penyelesaian. Lima karya dengan ukuran 100 cm x 100 cm dan lima lainnya dengan ukuran 120 cm x 100 cm menggunakan media akrilik di atas kanvas dengan judul “terlanjur”, “candu”, “larut”, “gelap mata”, “terbawa arus”, “terbelenggu”, “lupa daratan”, “meninggalkan prioritas demi popularitas”, “demi konten”, “genting”.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO BERBASIS PREZI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SENI RUPA MATERI MENGGAMBAR RAGAM HIAS PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 6 PADANG
Authors: Aprizia Rosalena , Sandra Yofita 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran video berbasis Prezi dalam pembelajaran Seni Rupa materi Menggambar Ragam Hias pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Padang. Penelitian ini meupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R & D). Adapun model yang dipakai yaitu pengembangan Borg & Gall. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil penilaian dari pakar bahasa yaitu 94,3%, hasil penilaian dari pakar materi yaitu 93,3%. Hasil penilaian dari pakar media yaitu 94 % dan hasil penilaian darii guru yaitu 98 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media video berbasis Prezi sangaat layak digunakan. Uji coba lapangan utama pada angket siswa diperoleh 86% sedangkan pada hasil test diperoleh 84%. Uji coba operasional pada angket siswa diperoleh 93,35%, sedangkan pada hasil test diperoleh 91,2%. Setelah dikonversikan dengan skala penilaian menunjukkan media video berbasis Prezi sangat layak digunakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media video berbasis Prezi pada pelajaran Seni Rupa materi Menggambar Ragam Hias dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan sangat layak digunakan sebagai media belajar untuk siswa dan guru di SMP Negerii 6 Padang.
Home-cooked diets cost more than commercially prepared dry kibble diets for dogs with chronic enteropathies
Authors: Kratzer Gabriella R. , Shepherd Megan , Delaney Sean J. , Winston Jenessa A. , Rudinsky Adam J. , Parker Valerie J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the management of canine chronic enteropathies (CCEs). Dog owners may elect to feed home-cooked diets (HCDs) rather than veterinary commercially prepared diets (CPDs) because of perceived lower costs. There is a paucity of data comparing costs of these options. We hypothesize there will be differences in costs between complete and balanced HCDs and nutritionally comparable CPDs.

SAMPLE
6 Home-cooked diets.

PROCEDURES
Six HCD recipes (2 highly digestible, 2 limited antigen, 2 low-fat) were formulated by 2 board-certified veterinary nutritionists to mimic the nutritional and ingredient profiles of veterinary CPDs for management of CCEs. The cost (in US$ on a per 100 kilocalorie [kcal] basis) of each recipe was determined via collection of ingredient prices from 3 grocery stores combined with supplement prices from online retailers. Prices of CPDs were obtained from a national online retailer. Maintenance energy requirements of 1.6 X (70 X BWkg0.75), where BWkg represents body weight in kilograms, were calculated for 3 dog sizes (5, 20, and 40 kg), and costs of feeding maintenance energy requirements with HCDs versus dry and canned CPDs were compared with a Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc testing.

RESULTS
The median costs of all dry and canned CPDs and HCDs were $0.29 (range, $0.18 to $0.46), $1.01 (range, $0.77 to $1.20), and $0.55 (range, $0.35 to $1.14), respectively. Feeding complete and balanced HCDs cost more than feeding dry CPDs (P < .001), but not canned CPDs (P > .99).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dry CPDs cost the least for nutritional management of CCEs. There is a wide range of costs for both CPDs and HCDs.
Generalized Differential Mathematical Model in Stator Reference Frame for PMSM and VRSM Simulation
Authors: Popovici Alexandru-Tudor , Onea Alexandru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the deduction of a novel decoupled form (considering the differential current quantities) of the differential mathematical model in stator reference frame, useful for numeric simulation of control approaches for PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous machines) generalized for both IPMSM and SPMSM (salient and non-salient PMSM). The model is confirmed to be equivalent to the well-known model defined in the rotor synchronous reference frame using a Matlab-Simulink implementation that is verified and validated by simulation during which the power/energy conservation is monitored and the system states’ evolution is compared to the reference model in rotor reference frame using a generator structure.
Environmental Performance Evaluation for a Small Scale Trigeneration System
Authors: Neagu Bogdan-Constantin , Gavrilas Mihai , Tirsu Mihai , Covalenco Nicolae , Negura Ion 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The modern buildings must have very high standards and require highly efficient energy supply systems due to space limitations for renewable installations. Electricity and thermal energy can be produced simultaneously with a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system. In the paper, an innovative concept of PVT system for a hospital is studied. PVT collectors serve as both a heat source and a heat sink for a reversible heat pump in the examined system. Due to the reduced electricity consumption from the network for heat rejection, the overall efficiency was improved by using a reversible water-to-water heat pump as heat and cold source compared to a conventional solar cooling system. Primary energy savings can be achieved with a maximum utilization of PV for electricity, heating and cooling (as air conditioning). The paper presents an original methodology for determining the environmental impact of the real PVT operation. The case study shows that for a real 4kWp PVT, the yearly energy savings reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with 281.8 kg/year for SO2 and 152.4 for CO2.
Evolution of the Manufacturing Technology of Photovoltaic Panels and Factors Affecting their Performance
Authors: Soulouknga Marcel Hamda , Lucache Dumitru-Dorin , Doka Serge Yamigno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of the production of electricity from solar energy depends on technological developments and the performance of the photovoltaic panels. A positive trend depends on diversifying the materials used to manufacture plates and adapting them to the climatic conditions. The article presents several technological aspects to give an idea about the evolution of the yields of photovoltaic panels, especially about the photovoltaic technology in the first, the second, and third generations. After the statement of the main characteristics of the photovoltaic panels, an analysis of the factors that can affect their performances and can create difficulties in implementing projects is made. This approach aims to choose the most advantageous combination of concepts and techniques when making photovoltaic parks.
Diversity and Relative Abundance of Ichthyofauna in Manasbal Lake of the Kashmir Himalayas, India
Authors: Andrabi Saima , Bakhtiyar Yahya , Parveen Muni , Arafat Mohammad Yasir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diversity, abundance and distribution pattern of the fish fauna are important aspects that need to be considered in order to frame the conservation and management strategies in any water body. To assess the composition, diversity and relative abundance of the fish fauna in the Manasbal Lake of Kashmir, the present study was carried out for two years (March 2018 - February 2020). A total of 22522 fish specimens were netted out during the sampling period, and the relative abundance and various diversity indices were used to assess the overall diversity of the inhabiting fish fauna. A total of 7 species belonging to two families, Cyprinidae and Poeciliidae, were reported, of which the family Cyprinidae was dominant in the catch. The relative abundance and diversity of the fish fauna showed spatio-temporal variation wherein Pethia conchonius was most abundant during spring and winter, while Gambusia holbrooki was most abundant during summer and autumn. Cyprinus carpio was found to be abundant during all the seasons at Site II and Site III as compared to native cyprinids, Schizothorax niger and S. curvifrons. The current study also indicated a good fish diversity in the lake which varies on spatio-temporal scales, showing maximum diversity during winter (Hʹ =1.498) and minimum diversity during summer (Hʹ = 1.247), while Site II showed maximum diversity (Hʹ =1.369) and Site I showed minimum diversity (Hʹ =1.085). Overall lake possesses good fish diversity that could be a great source of income for the local populace provided the fish assemblages are sustainably managed.
Spam filter based on geographical location of the sender
Authors: Caha Tomáš , Kovařík Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spam annoys users and poses a security threat. This article proposes a spam filter based on geographical location of the sender determined by IP geolocation. This filter was implemented as a plugin to the SpamAssassin anti-spam software. The plugin allows to define a penalty score for specific countries sending spam. The proposed filter was tested on a dataset of 1500 e-mails consisting of 1200 spam and 300 legitimate e-mails. The Matthews correlation coefficient of the filter has a value of 0.222. This indicates that the proposed spam filter contributes to the correct spam filtering.