bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods and technologies for spatial analysis of regional ecosystems based on the watershed approach
Authors: Erunova Marina G. , Yakubailik Oleg E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The watershed management approach is an efficient tool for organizing and implementing natural resource management at the regional and interregional levels. Statistical processing of watershed information contributes to a comprehensive assessment of the environment of the river watersheds at different hierarchical levels. The purpose of this work is to use spatial analysis and data simulation for assessing the state of ecosystems in hydrologically defined geographical areas such as watersheds. The minimal watersheds of the “pilot” territory of four watersheds in Eastern Siberia with an average area of approximately 1ha are used as elementary territorial units. For each watershed, spatial analysis tools form a set of attributes of unique natural characteristics, which are obtained using ground and satellite data. Such a set of attributes can be used to assess the state of the territory employing various methods of mathematical modeling and statistical and cluster analysis. Watershed modeling of the territory was carried out based on the MERIT Hydro digital elevation model. Based on Terra MODIS satellite information, data on temperature, vegetation indices, and vegetation cover were obtained for each watershed. The NASA Global Precipitation Measurement reanalysis data were used to generate the data on accumulated precipitation for all elementary watersheds. Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of the surface temperature in the study area was made, and statistical distributions of temperature variations during the year were obtained for each watershed. Effective temperature sum was calculated. Statistical values and average annual characteristics of trends in several vegetation indices were obtained for each watershed. The necessary methods and technologies for generating, storing, and processing data on each watershed have been developed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:972–979. © 2021 SETAC
How are the youth? A brief‐longitudinal study on symptoms, alexithymia and expressive suppression among Italian adolescents during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pace Cecilia Serena , Rogier Guyonne , Muzi Stefania 
Published: June 2022

Studies documented the negative consequences on adolescents' mental health of the stay‐at‐home measures adopted in reaction to the COVID‐19 outbreak. However, few contributions focused on the psychopathological trajectories after the end of these stressful measures or investigated the moderating role of this context in the relationship linking psychological symptoms with emotion regulation. This brief longitudinal study was performed with two measurement times: during the severe lockdown (T1), and when the restrictive measures were relaxed (T2). Ninety‐three community adolescents (45% boys; Mage = 14.94 years, SD = 1.64) completed the Youth Self Report, the Social Media Disorder Scale, the Binge Eating Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20 items. Except for binge eating and externalising symptoms, all variables significantly decreased between T1 and T2. The relationship between expressive suppression and binge eating scores significantly decreased across time whereas the link between alexithymia and internalising symptoms increased with time. The study supported the idea that low‐risk adolescents experienced psychological relief from the relaxation of stay‐at‐home measures. Results suggest the importance of considering contextual factors when explaining the role of expressive suppression and alexithymia in binge eating and internalising symptoms among adolescents.
Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the major methyl donor and versatile cofactor S‐adenosylmethionine, and related diseases: A review†
Authors: Monné Magnus , Marobbio Carlo M. T. , Agrimi Gennaro , Palmieri Luigi , Palmieri Ferdinando 
Published: June 2022

AbstractS‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) is a coenzyme and the most commonly used methyl‐group donor for the modification of metabolites, DNA, RNA and proteins. SAM biosynthesis and SAM regeneration from the methylation reaction product S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) take place in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the intramitochondrial SAM‐dependent methyltransferases require the import of SAM and export of SAH for recycling. Orthologous mitochondrial transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family have been identified to catalyze this antiport transport step: Sam5p in yeast, SLC25A26 (SAMC) in humans, and SAMC1‐2 in plants. In mitochondria SAM is used by a vast number of enzymes implicated in the following processes: the regulation of replication, transcription, translation, and enzymatic activities; the maturation and assembly of mitochondrial tRNAs, ribosomes and protein complexes; and the biosynthesis of cofactors, such as ubiquinone, lipoate, and molybdopterin. Mutations in SLC25A26 and mitochondrial SAM‐dependent enzymes have been found to cause human diseases, which emphasizes the physiological importance of these proteins.
Epithelial cell attachment and adhesion protein expression on novel in sol TiO2 coated zirconia and titanium alloy surfaces
Authors: Riivari Sini , Närvä Elisa , Kangasniemi Ilkka , Willberg Jaana , Närhi Timo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn adequate mucosal attachment is important when it comes to preventing peri‐implant inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare epithelial cell adhesion and adhesion protein expression on in sol TiO2‐coated and non‐coated zirconia and titanium alloy surfaces. Fifty‐six zirconia and titanium discs were cut, and half of them were coated with bioactive TiO2‐coating. To study the epithelial cell attachment, human gingival keratinocytes were cultivated on discs for 1, 3, 6, and 24 h. The cell proliferation was detected by cultivating cells for 1, 3, and 7 days. In addition, the levels of adhesion proteins laminin y2, integrin α6, β4, vinculin, and paxillin were detected with Western Blot method. Furthermore, high‐resolution imaging of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion proteins was established. Longer‐term cell culture (1–7 days) revealed higher cell numbers on the coated zirconia and titanium discs compared to non‐coated discs. The difference was statistically significant (p < .05) after 24 h on coated zirconia and after 3 and 7 days on coated titanium discs compared to non‐coated discs. Clear induction in the protein levels of laminin y2 and integrin α6 were detected on both coated samples, meanwhile integrin β4 were clearly induced on coated titanium alloy. The microscope evaluation showed significantly increased cell spreading on the coated discs. According to this study, the in sol induced TiO2‐coating increases keratinocyte attachment and the expression of adhesion proteins on coated zirconia and titanium in vitro. Consequently, the coating has potential to enhance the mucosal attachment on implant surfaces.
Cover crop management practices to promote soil health and climate adaptation: Grappling with varied success from farmer and researcher observations
Authors: Gutknecht Jessica , Journey Ann , Peterson Hikaru , Blair Hava , Cates Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil health is a pathway through which farm and environmental outcomes can be improved together on agricultural landscapes, and management to improve soil health is increasingly recognized as a strategy for agricultural producers to adapt to climate change–related impacts such as erosion and flooding. Many incentive programs exist or are in development to support the adoption of practices that promote soil health for these reasons, but few on‐farm trials have compared the intersections of farmer versus researcher observations of soil health or of soil health compared with climate adaptation. The purpose of our study was to assess soil health outcomes and adaptation to simulated climate change in response to cover cropping on working farms enrolled in a Minnesota Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)–funded Environmental Quality Incentives Program. This incentive program required the inclusion of diverse cover crop mixtures into existing farm crop rotations. We conducted farmer surveys, NRCS protocol field soil assessments, and NRCS‐recommended laboratory assays on farms from across the state of Minnesota in a paired design comparing fields on the same or adjacent farms of the same soil mapping unit. Although 85% of farmers reported improvements in soil attributes or productivity, most field and laboratory assessments produced a high amount of variability in responsiveness to cover cropping. Despite this variability, we saw a significant decrease in bare ground and significant increases in earthworm counts, cellobiohydrolase microbial activity, and the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS). Although researcher measurements did not show improvement in physical characteristics or infiltration other than the VESS field assessment, 67% of farmers reported improvements to the physical structure of the soil, associated with improved outcomes such as earlier planting dates and consistent crop growth across fields. When more than five species of cover crops were present, the percentage of reported improvements increased to >80%. We also found no significant improvement to climate change adaptation measured by nutrient or sediment loss after a simulated storm event. Together, our results suggest that adding a diverse annual cover crop mix to increase continuous cover can improve characteristics associated with soil health and that there needs to be a stronger focus in understanding variation in realized soil health outcomes on farms, including more co‐creation of research with farmer partners.
Interventions for malnutrition in hospitalized adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Uhl Stacey , Siddique Shazia M. , Bloschichak Aaron , McKeever William , D'Anci Kristen , Leas Brian , Mull Nikhil K. , Compher Charlene , Lewis James D. , Wu Gary D. , Tsou Amy Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized adults. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of hospital‐initiated interventions for patients with malnutrition.MethodsData sources included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library from January 1, 2000 to June 3, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing interventions for hospitalized adults diagnosed or identified as at‐risk for malnutrition using malnutrition screening and diagnostic assessment tools. Individual reviewers extracted study data and performed quality checks for accuracy. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model with variance correction. We assessed the overall strength of evidence at the outcome level. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.ResultsWe found 11 RCTs that assessed two types of interventions: specialized nutrition care (8 RCTs) and increased protein provision (3 RCTs). The pooled findings of 11 RCTs found moderate strength of evidence that specialized nutrition care and increased protein provision reduced mortality by 21% (relative risk [RR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.98; absolute risk reduction [ARR]: −0.02, 95% CI: −0.03 to −0.00). Pooled estimates indicated a nonsignificant decrease of 0.18 days in the length of stay (9 RCTs) and a 10% reduction in readmissions (7 RCTs). No eligible RCTs assessed parenteral or enteral nutrition.ConclusionCertain malnutrition‐focused hospital‐initiated interventions (e.g., specialized nutrition care and increased protein provision) reduce mortality and may improve the quality of life among patients at risk for or diagnosed with malnutrition. Future trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of parenteral and enteral nutrition.
A highly powerful nonspecific strategy to reduce COVID‐19 deaths
Authors: Chen Ji‐Ming , Li Guo‐Hui , Ji Yu‐Fei , Sun Ming‐Hui , Gong Huan‐Yu , Chen Rui‐Xu , Chen Ji‐Wang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains risky worldwide. We elucidate here that good IDM (isolation, disinfection, and maintenance of health) is powerful to reduce COVID‐19 deaths based on the striking differences in COVID‐19 case fatality rates among various scenarios. IDM means keeping COVID‐19 cases away from each other and from other people, disinfecting their living environments, and maintaining their health through good nutrition, rest, and treatment of symptoms and pre‐existing diseases (not through specific antiviral therapy). Good IDM could reduce COVID‐19 deaths by more than 85% in 2020 and more than 99% in 2022. This is consistent with the fact that good IDM can minimize co‐infections and maintain body functions and the fact that COVID‐19 has become less pathogenic (this fact was supported with three novel data in this report). Although IDM has been frequently implemented worldwide to some degree, IDM has not been highlighted sufficiently. Good IDM is relative, nonspecific, flexible, and feasible in many countries, and can reduce deaths of some other relatively mild infectious diseases. IDM, vaccines, and antivirals aid each other to reduce COVID‐19 deaths. The IDM concept and strategy can aid people to improve their health behavior and fight against COVID‐19 and future pandemics worldwide.
Workplace gossip: An integrative review of its antecedents, functions, and consequences
Authors: Sun Tianjun , Schilpzand Pauline , Liu Yihao 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe workplace gossip construct is currently divergently interpreted by organizational scholars, with perceptions of its origins, functions, and impacts varying widely. In this comprehensive narrative review, we seek to provide much needed clarity around the often studied and frequently demonstrated employee behavior of workplace gossip by synthesizing gossip studies conducted during the past four decades in both the organization and psychology literatures. The first section of our review considers measures, designs, and theoretical frameworks featured in these studies. In the second section, we consolidate and integrate research findings from the extant literatures into three emerging categories of gossip antecedents (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational antecedents), four categories of gossip functions (information exchange, ego enhancement, social integration, and social segregation), and three categories of gossip consequences (consequences for gossip senders/recipients, for gossip targets, and beyond the triads). In the last section, we propose an integrative model to guide future investigations on the antecedents, functions, and consequences of workplace gossip. Our review aims to provide a clear overview of existing gossip research across the organization and psychology literatures and to highlight several important trends to open up various opportunities for future impactful workplace gossip scholarship.
Distribution of ammonia oxidizers and their role in N2O emissions in the reservoir riparian zone
Authors: Li Tingting , Wang Xiaoyan , Huang Jingyu , Wang Yubing , Song Shuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a transitional boundary between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the riparian zone is considered a hotspot for N2O production because of the active nitrogen processes. Ammoxidation is an important microbial pathway for N2O production, but the distribution of ammonia oxidizers under different land‐use types in the reservoir riparian zone and what role they played in N2O emissions are still not clear. We investigated spatiotemporal distributions of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and their role in N2O emissions in different land‐use types along the riparian zone of Miyun Reservoir: grassland, sparse woods, and woodland. We found significant differences in both AOA abundance and AOB diversity indices among land‐use types. AOA and AOB communities were significantly separated by different land‐use types. The main drivers to determine the distribution of ammonia‐oxidizing microbial community were soil water content, NH4+, NO3−, and total organic carbon (TOC). In situ N2O flux was highest in woodland with a mean value of 12.28 μg/m2·h, and it was substantially decreased by 121% and 123% in sparse woods and grassland. TOC content was decreased by 20% and 40% in sparse woods and grassland compared with woodland, and it was significantly positively correlated with in situ N2O flux. Meanwhile, AOB diversity indices were significantly correlated with in situ N2O flux. These results showed that the heterogeneity of physicochemical properties among different land‐use types affected the community of AOA and AOB in riparian zones. AOB not AOA, and community diversity rather than abundance, played a role in N2O emissions.
Development of an ensemble Bayesian inference‐based copula approach for bivariate risk evaluation of extreme precipitation under climate change
Authors: Sun Li , Sun Jie , Li Yongping , Suo Cai , Liu Jing , Gao Pangpang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, an ensemble Bayesian inference‐based copula approach (EBICA) has been proposed to evaluate the joint risk of extreme precipitation indices under climate change. EBICA incorporates GCMs, quantile delta mapping‐based bias correction method, Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC)‐based Bayesian inference method, and copula functions into an integration, where 17 GCMs and 3 copulas are explored EBICA can reflect the inherent uncertainties in GCM and copula selections, as well as deal with the uncertainty caused by copula parameters when modelling the dependent structures. Ensemble results of GCMs and copulas are also analysed to promote the projection accuracy of dynamic features of extreme precipitation (characterized by precipitation intensity, very heavy precipitation amount and frequency, and maximum 1 or 5‐day precipitation amount). EBICA is then applied to Fujian Province to investigate climate change impacts on extreme precipitation during 2021–2099. Major findings can be summarized as (a) GCM is the primary source of uncertainties that impacts extreme precipitation projection, and the ensemble of GCMs suggests that climate change would exacerbate future precipitation intensity, amount, and frequency over Fujian Province; (b) mountainous area in Fujian is more easily encountered with very heavy precipitation amount and coastal area is more easily faced with maximum 1‐day or consecutive 5‐day precipitation under climate change; (c) Fujian Province would averagely encounter with shorter co‐occurrence period of [SDII, R95p] and [R20mm, R95p], corresponding to higher risk level in very heavy precipitation amount and frequency, especially in the north part. Generally, these findings could help lay the foundation for forecasting and warning of extreme precipitation events and reducing associated risk losses.
The observed connection between the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation and the persistence of the North Atlantic Oscillation in boreal winter
Authors: Cai Qingyu , Ma Tianjiao , Chen Wen , Wei Ke , Pogoreltsev Alexander I. , Koval Andrey V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reveals that the persistence of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during boreal winter is closely linked to the phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 30 hPa for the period 1958–2020. Our results show that the early winter (i.e., November–December) NAO signal tends to persist into the subsequent January in the easterly phase of the QBO (EQBO). However, in the westerly phase of the QBO (WQBO) there is hardly connection between the early winter and the subsequent January NAO signals. Further analysis suggests that there is stronger stratosphere–troposphere connection and stronger amplitude of the NAO during the early winters of the EQBO compared to those of the WQBO. A stronger NAO in the EQBO tends to induce enhanced positive feedback of air–sea interaction, which may contribute to a prolonged signal of the NAO. Specifically, significant surface heat flux anomalies over the high‐latitude and subtropical regions of North Atlantic induced by a stronger early winter NAO may trigger a tripolar pattern of anomalous sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic in the subsequent January. And this anomalous SST pattern may have a feedback on the atmosphere to strength the anomalous NAO by changing the atmospheric baroclinicity and synoptic eddy activities. In contrast, the NAO in the early winters of the WQBO tends to have a weaker amplitude and be confined to the troposphere. This weaker NAO is shown to induce a weaker air–sea interaction in the North Atlantic, and tends not to favour a prolonged NAO.
Topologically‐Protected Single‐Photon Sources with Topological Slow Light Photonic Crystal Waveguides
Authors: Kuruma Kazuhiro , Yoshimi Hironobu , Ota Yasutomo , Katsumi Ryota , Kakuda Masahiro , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Iwamoto Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSlow light waveguides are advantageous for implementing high‐performance single‐photon sources required for scalable operation of integrated quantum photonic circuits (IQPCs), though such waveguides are known to suffer from propagation loss due to backscattering. A way to overcome the drawback is to use topological photonics, in which robust waveguiding in topologically‐protected optical modes has recently been demonstrated. Here, single‐photon sources are reported using single quantum dots (QDs) embedded in topological slow light waveguides based on valley photonic crystals. Purcell‐enhanced single‐photon emission is demonstrated from a QD into a topological slow light mode with a group index over 20 and its robust propagation even under the presence of sharp bends. These results pave the way for the realization of robust and high‐performance single‐photon sources indispensable for IQPCs.
Crystallizable Aliphatic Chains Enhanced Covalent Adaptable Networks: Fast Reprocessing and Improved Performance
Authors: Liu Yanlin , Yu Zhen , Xu Xiwei , Wang Binbo , Feng Hongzhi , Li Pengyun , Zhu Jin , Ma Songqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCovalent adaptable networks (CANs) exhibit recyclability such as reprocessing, but it's a challenge to address the contradiction between reprocessing rate and performance. Here, pendent aliphatic chain anhydride monoesters are innovatively introduced into epoxy CANs based on transesterification, which efficiently accelerates the reprocessing without sacrificing thermal and mechanical properties. The transesterification rate is raised on account of the flexible aliphatic chain‐promoted segment movement and dynamic transfer auto‐catalysis. When the carbon number reflecting the length of the pendent chain is 12, the epoxy CAN exhibits the fastest stress relaxation or reprocessing. Computation via molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates that the increased segmental mobility from the pendent aliphatic chains contributes to enhanced reprocessability. Interestingly, the crystallization of the pendent aliphatic chains maintains or even improves the thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, introducing a flexible and crystallizable aliphatic side chain is an innovative and efficient approach to accelerate dynamic reactions and network arrangement while improving performance.