bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biochars from woody agricultural wastes and sorption behavior comparison of cadmium and atrazine
Authors: Li Xiang , Huang Yufen , Liang Xiaoliang , Huang Lianxi , Wei Lan , Zheng Xiaodong , Albert Houssou Assa , Huang Qing , Liu Zhongzhen , Li Zhaojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWoody agricultural wastes have created enormous pressure on the environment. In this study, mulberry and cinnamon woodchips were reclaimed and prepared for biochars through pyrolysis technique at four different temperatures. Physicochemical properties showed that mulberry biochar exhibited higher pH, CEC and ash content than cinnamon biochar at each temperature. All biochars were utilized as adsorbents to remove cadmium (Cd) and atrazine (AT) from water. The adsorption isotherms were found to be well fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacities were 5306.41 mg/kg for Cd adsorption and 538.89 mg/kg for AT adsorption, respectively. Moreover, the principal component analysis, XPS and FTIR analysis proved that precipitation with phosphate in biochars acted as the key property that governed the adsorption capacity of Cd, whereas the porosity demonstrated a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of AT. Partial least squares (PLS) model was considered to be more favorable for predicting AT adsorption than Cd adsorption. The results of the present paper will be helpful for selecting most effective biochars from locally available woody agricultural byproducts that are optimized for contaminants removal from environment.
Heat equation with an exponential nonlinear boundary condition in the half space
Authors: Furioli Giulia , Kawakami Tatsuki , Terraneo Elide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the initial-boundary value problem for the heat equation in the half space with an exponential nonlinear boundary condition. We prove the existence of global-in-time solutions under the smallness condition on the initial data in the Orlicz space $$\mathrm {exp}L^2({\mathbb {R}}^N_+)$$

exp

L
2

(

R

+
N

)

. Furthermore, we derive decay estimates and the asymptotic behavior for small global-in-time solutions.
Recent Trends in Robotic Patrolling
Authors: Basilico Nicola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewRobotic patrolling aims at protecting a physical environment by deploying a team of one or more autonomous mobile robots in it. A key problem in this scenario is characterizing and computing effective patrolling strategies that could guarantee some level of protection against different types of threats. This paper provides a survey of contributions that represent the recent research trends to deal with such a challenge.Recent FindingsStarting from a set of basic and recurring modeling landmarks, the formulations of robotic patrolling studied by current research are diverse and, to some extent, complementary. Some works propose optimal approaches where the objective function is based on the idleness induced by the patrolling strategy on locations of the environment. On-line methods focus on handling events that can dynamically alter the patrolling task. Adversarial methods, where an underlying game-theoretical interaction with an attacker is modeled, consider sophisticated attacker behaviors.SummaryThe wide spectrum of heterogenous approaches and techniques shows a common trend of moving towards more realistic models where constraints, dynamic environments, limited attacker capabilities, and richer strategy representations are introduced. The results provide complementarities and synergies towards more effective robotic patrolling systems, paving the way to a set of interesting open problems.
Private Investigators and Public Speakers
Authors: SANDGREN ALEXANDER 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNear the end of ‘Naming the Colours’, Lewis (1997) makes an interesting claim about the relationship between linguistic and mental content; we are typically unable to read the content of a belief off the content of a sentence used to express that belief or vice versa. I call this view ‘autonomism’. I motivate and defend autonomism and discuss its importance in the philosophy of mind and language. In a nutshell, I argue that the different theoretical roles that mental and linguistic content play suggest these kinds of content should be understood as sensitive to different things.
“I Have Never Felt More Utterly Yours”: Presence, Intimacy, and Long-Distance Marriages in the First World War
Authors: Fox Aimée 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe unique anxieties experienced by married couples remain under-examined aspects of both the First World War and the early twentieth century. Drawing on the writings of four upper-middle-class couples, this article reveals the complex ways in which couples sought to maintain intimacy across transnational time and space during the war. The author argues that, elements of modern marriage were clearly present in these relationships. Wartime separation gave couples space to develop new forms of intimacy and affection. Through creative, often abstract, alternatives developed to affect a sense of presence, spouses were able to know, embody, and imagine one another. While separated couples frequently desired and imagined physical reunion, its fleeting nature was emotionally wearing and often undermined intimacy and togetherness in immediate and long-lasting ways. Exploring the subjective experiences of these couples challenges the tendency to periodize marriage in distinct categories such as patriarchal or companionate, and also invites us to reframe our understanding of the spatial dimensions of separation and intimacy.
A drop in a nonlinear shear flow
Authors: Favelukis Moshe 
Published: May 2022

The fluid mechanics problem of an initially spherical drop subjected to a two-directional nonlinear cubic shear flow, under creeping flow conditions, is theoretically studied. This physical situation is described by four dimensionless numbers: the capillary number (Ca), the viscosity ratio (λ), the linear velocity ratio (G) and the nonlinear intensity of the flow (E). Analytical expressions for the external and internal flows of a spherical drop as well as for the shape of the deformed drop were obtained by applying Lamb's general solution to the Stokes equations. The internal and external streamlines of a spherical drop (Ca = 0) suggest interesting and unusual shapes which are sometimes also accompanied by many stagnation points. Whenλ = ∞, the drop becomes a solid sphere with an angular velocity$\omega ={-} (1 - G)/2$independent ofE. For the familiar simple shear flow in thex-direction (G = 0,E = 0), Taylor's theory, valid at$Ca \ll 1$andλ = O(1), predicts an ellipsoidal drop oriented at an azimuthal angleϕ = 45°; asCaincreases, the deformation increases and the drop attains a peanut shape. For other linear or nonlinear cases, the drop is aligned atϕ = ±45°, and a spherical drop with no deformation is possible atCa ≠ 0. In a highly viscous drop$(\lambda \gg 1)$, the drop remains almost spherical even atCa = O(1), oriented atϕ = 0° or 90° (G ≠ 1), and its deformation is independent ofCa.
A new titanopteranMagnatitan jongheonin. gen. n. sp. from southwestern Korean Peninsula
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon S. , Kim Do-Yoon , Nam Gi-Soo , Lee Mirinae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTitanopterans are spectacular, giant, predatory insects mainly known from the Triassic, but they are known from a few localities in Central Asia (including European Russia) and Australia. The Nampo Group is a nonmarine sequence, located on the southwestern Korean Peninsula, the age of which has remained controversial, due to lack of proper age-constraining fossils. Here, we report a new titanopteranMagnatitan jongheonin. gen. n. sp. from the Amisan Formation, Nampo Group. The division of the radius anterior and radius posterior beyond the distal half of the fossil wing is a characteristic of the family Paratitanidae. This is the first discovery of a titanopteran fossil outside of Central Asia and Australia, suggesting a possible circum-Tethys oceanic distribution. Given the possibly widespread distribution of titanopterans, this group might have played a critical role as giant predatory insects in Triassic terrestrial ecology. Because titanopterans have never been found beyond the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, the occurrence of a titanopteran corroborates the Triassic age of the Nampo Group.UUID:http://zoobank.org/10177029-0044-424f-9816-e3fb057cfe85
Competition between Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus oryzae on maize: the species that gets there first matters
Authors: Baliota G. V. , Scheff D. S. , Morrison W. R. , Athanassiou C. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaboratory tests were carried out in order to examine the population growth of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize. These two species were placed either simultaneously or one species was allowed to colonize the kernels 7 days earlier than the other, at two temperatures, 26 and 30 °C for 65 days. Apart from progeny production, grain quality parameters, such as insect-damaged kernels (IDK) and undamaged kernels (NDK), the weight of frass and kernel weight were measured. Our data confirms that temperature plays a key role in the competition of these two species; P. truncatus seems to perform better at the higher temperature (30 °C), regardless of the presence of an additional species. Moreover, the results of the present study demonstrates that P. truncatus outcompetes S. oryzae. Sitophilus oryzae produced fewer progeny than P. truncatus in all combinations. Given the outcome of a competition, we hypothesize that most of the kernel damage was due to feeding by P. truncatus. Based on these data, we surmise that P. truncatus has a competitive advantage as an invasive species in new areas with stored maize, even in the presence of S. oryzae.
Parasitoids ofLobesia botrana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Douro Demarcated Region vineyards and the prospects for enhancing conservation biological control
Authors: Carlos Cristina , Gonçalves Fátima , Villemant Claire , Paredes Daniel , Salvação Juliana , Torres Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe more restrictive regulations of pesticides in Europe have led to an increase in conservation biological control (CBC) research. However, little attention has been paid to the main determinants ofLobesia botranaparasitism. The Douro Demarcated Region landscape offers scope for the use of CBC. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2015 aiming at: (i) identifying parasitoids associated withL. botranaand evaluating their impact as biological control agents in each generation of the pest, and (ii) evaluating the effect of both the proportion of ecological infrastructures (EI) near the vineyards, and the impact of management practices (chemical treatments and ground cover) on the parasitism ofL. botrana. A total of 3226 larvae/pupae ofL. botranawere collected (15% were parasitized and 485 parasitoids emerged). A complex of 16 taxa of parasitoids was identified, the majority belonging to Hymenoptera. The most abundant wereElachertussp. (Eulophidae),Campoplex capitatorAubert (Ichneumonidae), andBrachymeria tibialis(Walker) (Chalcididae), which represented 62.5, 12.6, and 12.0% of the total assemblage of parasitoids which emerged, respectively. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 0.0 to 61.5% (first generation), from 0.0 to 36.8% (second generation), and from 0.0 to 12.1% (third generation). Importantly, it was found that the parasitism rate was higher in vineyards with ground cover. In addition, EI in the area surrounding the vineyards produced a significant increase in parasitism. These results suggest potential for CBC ofL. botranaif EI around vineyards, and ground cover with native perennial plants within vineyards, are encouraged.
Socialist Accumulation and Its “Primitives” in Romania
Authors: Cucu Alina-Sandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing on the Romanian case, this article argues against looking at state socialist regimes through the lens of exceptionalism, and assesses the merits of analysing them from the perspective of primitive accumulation. Integrating socialist projects into a longer history of modernization, capital formation, and struggles over labour and land allows me to develop a four-step argument about primitive socialist accumulation in Romania. First, I argue that, in Romania, peasant dispossession had underpinned capital formation for roughly 150 years before the communist takeover. Second, these mechanisms of primitive accumulation constituted crucial matrices for class formation that were irreducible to ideal-typical processes of proletarianization. Third, the articulation between peasant dispossession and strategies of keeping labour cheap was state-led, mandated, or protected, and stood at the core of all modernization projects for the whole period under discussion. And fourth, seen through these lenses, the communist collectivization and nationalization in the 1950s appears as one instance, among others, in a longue-durée history of primitive accumulation in the region.
Frontal sinus pneumatisation: an isolated finding or a sign of concomitant anatomical variation?
Authors: Badran K H , Tarifi A , Shatarat A , Badran D 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between frontal sinus pneumatisation and concomitant anatomical variations in paranasal sinuses as seen on computed tomography.MethodsA total of 403 patients who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography were allocated to three groups according to the degree of frontal sinus pneumatisation (type 1 – hypoplasia; type 2 – medium size; and type 3 – hyperplasia). In this unique model, the prevalence of ipsilateral variations on paranasal sinuses on each side of the head were analysed separately within each pneumatisation group.ResultsThe type 3 frontal sinus pneumatisation group showed a greater association with ipsilateral variations of the sphenoid bone. Variations included pneumatisation of the anterior clinoid process, lateral sphenoid recess, pterygoid process and greater wing, and exposure of Vidian canal. This group also showed significant associations with male gender, and the presence of frontal and Onodi cells.ConclusionInterpretation of the paranasal sinus variations is imperative for pre-operative evaluation in functional endoscopic sinus surgery, particularly in patients with frontal sinus hyperplasia. Attention to variation on the ipsilateral side is informative.
Effects of a multi-strain probiotic on hippocampal structure and function, cognition, and emotional well-being in healthy individuals: a double-blind randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Ascone Leonie , Garcia Forlim Caroline , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnimal studies have shown beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on the hippocampus (HC) and cognitive performance. Evidence in humans is scarce. It was hypothesised that probiotic supplementation is associated with enhanced hippocampal (HC) regional grey matter volume (rGMV), as well as HC functional connectivity (FC). Relatedly improvements in mnestic and navigational performance, or emotional well-being, were expected to be observed in healthy human volunteers.MethodsA randomised-controlled, double-blind trial (RCT) was conducted in N = 59 volunteers (age Mean = 27.1, s.d. = 6.7), applying a multi-strain probiotic (Vivomixx®) v. non-probiotic milk-powder placebo, each with 4.4 g/day, for 4 weeks. Volumetric data was extracted from 3T structural magnetic resonance images of total HC and -subfields. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and FreeSurfer-based analyses were performed. Potential neuroplastic change beyond HC was explored using whole-brain-VBM for white- and GMV. Seed-based FC was calculated based on HC. Cognitive tests included visual, map-based, object-location, and verbal memory, and spatial navigation. Mental health status (stress, anxiety, depression, and emotion-regulation) was assessed using self-reports.ResultsThere were no changes in HC-total, -subfield GMV, or FC, through probiotics. VBM revealed no changes at a whole-brain-level. There were no effects on cognitive performance or mental health. Evidence in favor of the null-hypothesis, using Bayesian statistics, was consistent.ConclusionsThe applied multi-strain probiotic did not elicit any effects concerning hippocampal structural plasticity, cognition, or mental well-being in young, healthy adults. For future studies, longer application/observation RCTs, perhaps in stressed, otherwise psychologically/ cognitively vulnerable, or ageing groups, with well-founded strain selection and investigation of mechanism, are advised.
Learn multi-step object sorting tasks through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Bao Jiatong , Zhang Guoqing , Peng Yi , Shao Zhiyu , Song Aiguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRobotic systems are usually controlled to repetitively perform specific actions for manufacturing tasks. The traditional control methods are domain-dependent and model-dependent with cost of much human efforts. They cannot meet the new requirements of generality and flexibility in many areas such as intelligent manufacturing and customized production. This paper develops a general model-free approach to enable robots to perform multi-step object sorting tasks through deep reinforcement learning. Taking projected heightmap images from different time steps as input without extra high-level image analysis and understanding, critic models are designed to produce a pixel-wise Q value map for each type of action. It is a new trial to apply pixel-wise Q value-based critic networks to solve multi-step sorting tasks that involve many types of actions and complex action constraints. The experimental validations on simulated and realistic object sorting tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Qualitative results (videos), code for simulated and realistic experiments, and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/JiatongBao/DRLSorting
The determinants of the changing speed of spread of COVID-19 across Italy
Authors: Cocco Pierluigi , De Matteis Sara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic showed inter-regional differences in Italy. We used an ecological study design and publicly available data to compare the basic reproduction number (R0), the doubling time of the infection (DT) and the COVID-19 cumulative incidence (CI), death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and time lag to slow down up to a 50-days doubling time in the first and the second 2020 epidemic waves (δDT50) by region. We also explored socio-economic, environmental and lifestyle variables with multiple regression analysis. COVID-19 CI and CFR changed in opposite directions in the second vs. the first wave: the CI increased sixfold with no evidence of a relationship with the testing rate; the CFR decreased in the regions where it was initially higher but increased where it was lower. The R0 did not change; the initially mildly affected regions, but not those where the first wave had most severely hit, showed a greater δDT50 amplitude. Vehicular traffic, average temperature, population density, average income, education and household size showed a correlation with COVID-19 outcomes. The deadly experience in the first epidemic wave and the varying preparedness of the local health systems might have contributed to the inter-regional differences in the second COVID-19 epidemic wave.
Morphological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Studies of the Donkey's Eye with Special Reference to the AFGF and ACE Expression
Authors: Attaai Abdelraheim H , Hussein Manal T , Aly Khaled H , Abdel-Maksoud Fatma M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe donkey is mainly used as a working animal for riding and pack transport, as well as for dairy and meat production. Eye afflictions are common in donkeys, thus requiring a detailed study. A few studies had focused on the donkey's eye, and most of them had considered it, merely, a horse's eye. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy, histology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemical features of the donkey's eye. The results were recorded and compared to those of horses in certain dimensions. Unlike horses, the donkey's eye is more circular in the contour of the cornea, has smaller lenticular thickness, and has longer anterior and vitreous chambers. Positive immunoreactivity to acidic fibroblast growth factor in the basal cell layers of the cornea was observed, indicating their role in cell differentiation and the renewal of the epithelium. Moreover, the corneal keratocytes expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a role in corneal homeostasis and wound healing. Additionally, telocytes, hyalocytes, and other immune cells were observed within the iris and ciliary processes. Hence, this work is an updated detailed study of the morphology and ultrastructure of the donkey's eye and reveals some similarities and dissimilarities to the horse's eyes, which should be considered in clinical practice.
Dissipation and Bathymetric Sensitivities in an Unstructured Mesh Global Tidal Model
Authors: Blakely Coleman P. , Ling Guoming , Pringle William J. , Contreras María Teresa , Wirasaet Damrongsak , Westerink Joannes J. , Moghimi Saeed , Seroka Greg , Shi Lei , Myers Edward , Owensby Margaret , Massey Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms and geographic distribution of global tidal dissipation in barotropic tidal models are examined using a high resolution unstructured mesh finite element model. Mesh resolution varies between 2 and 25 km and is especially focused on inner shelves and steep bathymetric gradients. Tidal response sensitivities to bathymetric changes are examined to put into context response sensitivities to frictional processes. We confirm that the Ronne Ice Shelf dramatically affects Atlantic tides but also find that bathymetry in the Hudson Bay system is a critical control. We follow a sequential frictional parameter optimization process and use TPXO9 data‐assimilated tidal elevations as a reference solution. From simulated velocities and depths, dissipation within the global model is estimated and allows us to pinpoint dissipation at high resolution. Boundary layer dissipation is extremely focused with 1.4% of the ocean accounting for 90% of the total. Internal tide friction is much more distributed with 16.7% of the ocean accounting for 90% of the total. Often highly regional dissipation can impact basin‐scale and even ocean wide tides. Optimized boundary layer friction parameters correlate very well with the physical characteristics of the locality with high friction factors associated with energetic tidal regions, deep ocean island chains, and ice covered areas. Global complex M2 tide errors are 1.94 cm in deep waters. Total global boundary layer and internal tide dissipation are estimated, respectively, at 1.83 and 1.49 TW. This continues the trend in the literature toward attributing more dissipation to internal tides.