bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State estimation for censored system with colored noises: system reconstruction approach
Authors: Li Zhifang , Zhao Huihong , Shang Yunlong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A state estimation approach based on system reconstruction for a class of discrete-time linear censored systems with colored noises is proposed. Firstly, the censored system is re-modeled by compensating the censored measurement and adding the weight factor. Then, avoiding the traditional state expansion approach, and according to the random property of adjacent correlation colored noises and projective theory, the innovation variance, prediction gain and prediction error variance with recursive structure are obtained, and the state one-step predictor is given. Finally, a numerical example is applied to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Optimization of anti-wind disturbance ability of a long-span cable-driven parallel camera robot based on a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Qing , Su Yu , Zhao Siqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The cable-driven parallel camera robot is a long-span cable-supported high-rise structure, which is easy to produce vibration response due to wind disturbance, which affects its normal work. In this paper, the method of structural optimization is used to improve the first-order natural frequency of the system to keep it away from the energy truncation frequency, so as to reduce the wind-induced vibration response of the system. In order to avoid the defect of premature convergence of standard genetic algorithm, an adaptive multi-island genetic algorithm based on population information entropy is proposed for structure optimization. the simulation results show that the algorithm can more effectively improve the first-order natural frequency of the system and improve the wind disturbance resistance of the system.
Optimization Methods For Control Systems of The Headbox And The Cross Direction Control on Papermaking Machines
Authors: Mo Zhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the Headbox and the Cross Direction, and analyzes challenges in their control systems. The main challenges in these two control systems are nonlinearity and parameter coupling. To solve these problems, or at least reduce the influence of these problems on the control systems, a few optimization methods are proposed. In this paper, some practical optimization methods are introduced based on modified PID control, which is the most commonly used control system in process industries, such as the paper-making industry. Those methods optimizing the PID control system can be mainly divided into two classes: decoupling and PID tuning. Besides, some practical methods optimizing the Cross Direction control systems are introduced. Also, the introduced methods can be divided into two classes: CD tuning and cooperating with parameters of the headbox system to optimize. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated in simulations. However, since the nonlinearity of the system, there is no accurate and unique solution. In addition, with the development of demand and technology, there will be no such thing as an algorithm suitable for every control system, so that new algorithms will be proposed.
Simulation and experimental study on the influence of initial volume of accumulator on position control of rolling mill based on MATLAB
Authors: Luo Zhenkun , Wang Dandan , Peng Engao , Zhang Yongyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to realize high-precision control of rolling mill and improve product processing quality. Taking the accumulator in front of the servo valve in the hydraulic system of the rolling mill as the research object, this paper establishes a simulation model to analyze the influence of the initial volume of the accumulator on the accuracy of the screwdown position control system. Through changing the accumulator with different initial volume in front of the servo valve and analyzing its influence on the hydraulic screwdown position control system, a set of selection method of the initial volume of the accumulator in front of the servo valve of the hydraulic system of the rolling mill is formed. It also provides a reference basis for optimizing the hydraulic servo control system and improving the control accuracy and product processing quality.
Fatigue detection based on facial feature correction and fusion
Authors: Wang Yongshuo , Liu Biao , Wang Hengyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fatigue driving has always been a major hidden danger that threatens traffic safety. The introduction of fatigue monitoring technology can greatly reduce traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving and produce huge social effects. At present, in the field of vision-based fatigue driving research, the extraction of the driver’s eye or mouth features is often used for judgment. However, the criterion is single and the post-processing is insufficient, and the interference of factors such as noise can easily cause misjudgement and reduce the recognition rate. In order to improve the accuracy of parameter extraction and solve the problem of low recognition rate of a single parameter, this paper proposes a feature extraction algorithm based on Euler angle correction, and adds a multi-feature fusion decision method to enhance the applicability of the algorithm. Experiments prove that the algorithm has higher accuracy after modification and fusion.
Analysis of Polar Region Navigation Algorithm of Laser Gyro Single-axis Rotation Modulation Inertial Navigation
Authors: Li Jinlong , Gao Jie , Liang Zhonghong , Zhang Yongjian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the polar regions, the local geographic frame will become invalid due to the convergence of meridians and other reasons. In response to this problem, the inertial navigation algorithm was reorganized in the transversal frame, and the error equation was also analyzed. The simulation experiment and actual experiment are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the inertial navigation algorithm in the transversal frame based on the single-axis rotation modulation inertial navigation system. Experimental results show that the transversal INS mechanization based on single-axis rotation modulation can solve the computational problems caused by the convergence of meridians in polar regions, achieving high-precision navigation.
Extraction kinetic model of polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and the application of polysaccharide in wound healing
Authors: Wang Chenliang , Zhang Yuchun , Xue Hongyan , Yang Mingjun , Leng Feifan , Wang Yonggang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The crude polysaccharide (CPNP) of Codonopsis pilosula was obtained by hot-water extraction technology. The extraction kinetic model established according to Fick’s first law of diffusion and related parameters of polysaccharide was studied. CPNP microcapsules were prepared by blending with sodium alginate, Ca2+ ions and crude CPNP. The quality control (drug loading rate, embedding rate and release rate, etc) of CPNP microcapsules were analyzed by pharmacopeas standards. The structure feature of CPNP microcapsules also were determined with various methods. The wound healing ability of CPNP microcapsules loading with different concentration of CPNP was evaluated using the rat wound model. The activity of various enzymes and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the model skin tissue also were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Masson, immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the external application effect of CPNP microcapsules on skin wound repair. The extraction kinetics of CPNP was established with the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.83–0.93, implied that the extraction process was fitted well with the Fick’s first law of diffusion. The CPNP has good compatibility with sodium alginate and Ca2+ ions by SEM and TEM observation, and the particle size of CPNP microcapsules was 21.25 ± 2.84 μm with the good degradation rate, loading rate (61.59%) and encapsulation rate (55.99%), maximum swelling rate (397.380 ± 25.321%). Compared with control group, the redness, and swelling, bleeding, infection, and exudate of the damaged skin decreased significantly after CPNP microcapsules treatment, and the CPNP microcapsules groups exhibited good wound healing function with less inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathological structure showed that in the CPNP microcapsules group, more newborn capillaries, complete skin structure, and relatively tight and orderly arrangement of collagen fibers were observed in the skin of rats. CPNP microcapsules could effectively inhibit the high expression of pro-inflammatory factors in damaged skin, and significantly increase the contents of related enzymes (GSH-Px, T-AOC, LPO) and collagen fibers. The relative expression levels of genes (VEGF and miRNA21) in the CPNP microcapsules group were higher than those in the model group and the negative group. The above results suggested that the CPNP microcapsules could controlled-release the CPNP to the wound surface, and then played a better role in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and skin wound repair.
Characterizing local rooftop solar adoption inequity in the US
Authors: Darghouth Naïm R , O’Shaughnessy Eric , Forrester Sydney , Barbose Galen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Residential rooftop solar is slated to play a significant role in the changing US electric grid in the coming decades. However, concerns have emerged that the benefits of rooftop solar deployment are inequitably distributed across demographic groups. Previous work has highlighted inequity in national solar adopter deployment and income trends. We leverage a dataset of US solar adopter household income estimates—unique in its size and resolution—to analyze differences in adoption equity at the local level and identify those conditions that yield more equitable solar adoption, with implications for policy strategies to reduce inequities in solar adoption. The solar inequities observed at the national and state levels also exist at more granular levels, but not uniformly so; some US census tracts exhibit less solar inequity than others. Some demographic, solar system, and market characteristics robustly lead to more equitable solar adoption. Our findings suggest that while solar adoption inequity is frequently attributed to the relatively high costs of solar adoption, costs may become less relevant as solar prices decline. Results also indicate that racial diversity and education levels affect solar adoption patterns at a local level. Finally, we find that solar adoption is more equitable in census tracts served by specific types of installers. Future research and policy can explore ways to leverage these findings to accelerate the transition to equitable solar adoption.
Experimental studies on the influence of diesel quality and additive for fuel on the smoke emission of diesel cars
Authors: Burciu S M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents experimental determinations that highlight the substantial reduction of smoke in the exhaust gases for a car with a diesel engine with pollution norm Euro 4 in the case of using OMV MaxxMotion diesel and Super Diesel additive from Liqui Moly. For the load determinations when running on a horizontal road (by simulation on the chassis dynamometer V-Tech Dyno VT-2/B1), in case of using diesel with CN55 and Super Diesel additive from Liqui Moly, was found a smoke reduction of up to almost 50%, the larger reductions being at speeds above 110 km/h, which indicates a substantial reduction in smoke when running in extra-urban mode. At the same time, only the superior quality of diesel with cetane number 55 compared to that with cetane number 51, led to better combustion, so that the smoke emission was reduced by up to 33% at high speeds, this reduction being quite important up to 27% for lower speeds below 90 km/h.
The analysis of a hybrid turbocharger main parameters applied to an internal combustion engine
Authors: Chiriac Rareş-Lucian , Andrei Condrea Ovidiu , Chiru Anghel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Internal combustion engines are constantly developing. Currently, a solution in full development is a hybrid car that has an internal combustion engine propulsion combined with an electrical motor. The electrical motor is powered by a battery which in turn is connected to other electricity suppliers for recharging. Therefore, the aim is to recover the thermal energy from the car, through various solutions, in order to transform it into electricity. Electricity is for the car’s battery as well as for its consumers. After an analysis of the energy balance of the internal combustion engine, it can be seen that the engine energy still has great potential to be transformed into electrical energy through various solutions. Electrical energy can be produced even from braking or other mechanical devices that transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. For example, a co generator of energy hybrid electric turbocharger aims to recover exhaust gas energy and to capitalize it. The turbocharger is connected through a shaft with a generator. Between the compressor wheel and the generator is a speed reducer with a gear ratio of 1:10. This article aims to present the analysis based on the results of the experimental and simulation research of the hybrid turbocharger. The tests were performed using a diesel internal combustion engine with 4 cylinders at a capacity of 1.9 liters. The simulations will be performed using AMESim software developed by Siemens. The main parameters, which are highlighted, are: pressure ratio of the turbocharger, the rotation speed of the turbocharger and the power from the experimental results in relation to time and engine power at 100% load.
Modeling and simulation of an electric propulsion system equipped with Fuel Cell
Authors: Ancuţa A A , Danciu G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper proposes the modelling of an electric propulsion system that uses as the main energy source, a Fuel Cell. The model is based on the structure of Toyota MIRAI, the first electric vehicle equipped with Fuel Cell developed in series in 2015. The model is developed under MATLAB Simulink software and adapts existing fuel cell and vehicle blocks to the real vehicle case. The simulation results contain the time evolution of some important parameters for both fuel cell and vehicle. Conclusions analyse these results and suggest future possible pathways of study.
Study of the influence on gas emissions by using hydrogen in a diesel engine
Authors: Constantin Suciu Cosmin , Vlad Igreţ Sorin , Ionel Ioana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research studies the possibility of the reduction of the emission values emitted by a diesel engine, by adding hydrogen to the fuel mixture. Due to the higher pollution restrictions implemented globally on the internal combustion engines, for new but also older vehicles, suitable solutions must be found, even for diesel engines, towards major incriminations concerning pollution are attested. The water electrolytic conversion for hydrogen production is achieved by using a special device, in symbioses with the internal combustion engine. The hydrogen quantity, as resulted from the process and fuelled into the engine, represents 10% of the total volume of the intake capacity. Being directly correlated to the stoichiometric ratio, the intake of hydrogen is finally controlled; therefore the total calorific power of the fuel mixture is increasing. The calorific value of Diesel is 44.8 MJ/kg, while that of hydrogen is 141.8 MJ/kg. Since the addition of hydrogen represents 10% of the total intake capacity, the addition of total calorific value of the mixture fuelled raises by approximate 30%. All the measurements have been done in a lab using a certified and approved gas analyser.
Research of gear drives
Authors: Dobreva A , Dobrev V , Mollova G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Worm gear drives possess important advantages such as: compact design, high power density due to a high gear ratio within a single gear stage. However, these gear drives often show high sliding speeds within the tooth contact, resulting in relative low efficiency coefficient in the meshing. Therefore, an exact calculation regarding efficiency in the meshing and load capacity is important during the beginning stage of the machine design process. Currently, no calculation method is available to analyze worm gears considering efficiency in meshing and contact strength. The objective of the research implemented was to analyze extensively the meshing efficiency and the contact stress behavior of various geometry designs of worm gears drives. Optimization research has been implemented considering the criteria mentioned. All calculations and theoretical analysis have been implemented for different center distances, different modules, gear ratios and rotational speeds of the worm shaft. Simulation results are shown and discussed. Important conclusions and recommendations are suggested.
Toward blockchain adoption for the automotive industry
Authors: Gîrbacia F , Voinea D , Boboc R , Duguleană M , Postelnicu C C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Blockchain proves to be a powerful technology that can drive forward the automotive industry. This paper describes how blockchain has been applied, which automotive areas are most interested in the technology, as well as the benefits and challenges of blockchain for the automotive industry by a systematic literature review. Blockchain offers many advantages, such as: transparency, security, high speed of operations. There are numerous areas where this technology could be applied in the automotive domain: better protection against counterfeit spare parts and materials, effective preventive maintenance, by informing the services based on the data received from the car sensors, monitoring of the cars by the rental companies, the safe storage of the data used by intelligent navigation systems, in order not to affect the safety of the passengers, autonomous transactions, triggered by the vehicle for making payments in charging stations, all with the purpose of facilitating a good and safer medium for drivers. The future vehicle will be connected both with other vehicles, but also with the existing infrastructure, so a database containing cryptographically secure information is needed, and blockchain is such a solution that can be applied in the dynamic nature of traffic.
Proposal of an analytical method based on linear regression for modeling reliability by Weibull law
Authors: Boroiu A , Nicolae V , Alssadi O , Udma T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper aims to identify a sufficiently precise and easy method that will ultimately lead to a working tool easily accessible and used for modeling reliability through the most widely used mathematical law in the field of reliability - the Weibull law. An analytical method for linearizing the Weibull function is proposed in order to allow, by using the linear regression function of the Microsoft Office software, to obtain the parameters of the reliability model. The calculation program created in Microsoft Excel allows the identification of the 3 parameters of the Weibull model and based on the Weibull model thus determined, the validation or invalidation of the reliability objectives. The application presented reveals that the proposed working tool is easy to use and the Weibull model obtained has a very good probability.
Researching the influence of various factors on the superficial layer materials used in car body construction and protection
Authors: Frunze Oleg 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To carry out the restoration of the car body, in addition to modern equipment for body repair and painting, it is necessary the use of high-quality consumables for body repair and painting, which are selected for each brand of car, strict following the technology of repair car body, painting work and qualified specialists in body repair and painting, as well as knowledge of the factors affecting the degradation and condition of the body and its elements to improve the quality of final results. In average value, the thickness of the protective layer varies from manufacturer to manufacturer in the range of values 80-170 \im. The use of different materials for the manufacture of vehicle components and materials for protection against external factors of the body is a major interest for the vehicle industry and is the subject of this article.
Experimental investigation on the alternator charging capacity for automotive applications
Authors: Tutunea Dragos , Ilie Dumitru , Racila Laurentiu , Rotea Cristina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research paper investigates the use of an automotive alternator on an experimental stand to evaluate the capacity to load the battery and produce electricity for car systems. The efficiency was calculated by measuring the electric power supplied to the battery for different regimes of speed. Various aspects regarding the efficiency of energy conversion by using an alternator were also discussed. The stand uses an electric motor with various transmission ratios to rotate the alternator. The speed was recorded with a digital tachometer and the energy consumption of the electric motor with a digital wattmeter. The results obtained showed that the increase in alternator speed generated more electricity and improved the load of the battery.
Analysis of the cylinder head for a spark ignition engine using zonal cooling principle
Authors: Ulian T M , Rakosi E , Dontu A I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the paper, it is performed a detailed thermo-structural analysis of the cylinder head for a spark ignition engine using the zonal cooling principle. The zonal cooling principle assumes two cooling circuits, one for the cylinder head and one for the cylinder block and a continuous adjustment of cooling temperature in accordance with the working principle. By using this principle, it is considered the possibility of using higher values of the volumetric compression ratio, leading to the increase of the engine performance. Thus, the reduction of the temperature of the fresh air fuel mixture in the intake channel and the lower temperature of the fresh air fuel mixture, when getting in contact with combustion chamber walls, leads to a delay of self-ignition and finally the detonation can be suppressed. Due to the possibility of using a higher compression ratio, the thermo-structural analysis was performed using ANSYS Workbench.
The influence of the Advanced Emergency Braking System in critical scenarios for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Carabulea Laurentiu , Pozna Claudiu , Antonya Csaba , Husar Călin , Băicoianu Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes use indications for an Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) module developed in Matlab and included in a Simcenter Prescan simulation. The analysed indications depend on a Long-Range Radar (LRR) and Short-Range Radar (SRR) beam range, on the speed of the autonomous vehicle and on the time between the detection of the obstacle in front of the autonomous vehicle and the time the obstacle starts to move. The simulated scenario consists of an autonomous vehicle that travels at a certain speed, where another vehicle starts to move from a bus station after a sudden stop, challenging the autonomous vehicle to stop in a safe manner and in a short time.