bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of socioeconomic status with adverse birth outcomes at the Women and Newborn Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Lungu Agripa , Kasonka L , Vwalika B 
Published: August 2022

Background: Low socioeconomic status has generally been associated with adverse birth outcomes worldwide. Adverse birth outcomes significantly contribute to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide with some literatures showing conflicting results. At Women and New-born Hospital in Zambia, this relationship had remained unclear among women who experienced poor neonatal outcome; hence the study was done to explore this association between socioeconomic status and adverse birth outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Secondary data from ZAPPS study that had been collected prospectively between August 2015 and September 201 7 was retrieved. Altogether, 1,450 participants' information was retrieved, out of which 1,084 data records were set out for analysis after excluding those not meeting eligibility criteria. Socioeconomic status was an explanatory variable which was estimated using the standardized wealth score derived from principal component analysis of 14 variables. The wealth quintiles were further categorised into poor and not poor. Response variables were low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestation age. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and p value< 0.05 was significant
Results: This study found the incidences of SGA, LBW and preterm births to be 164, 124 and 13 5 per 1000 live births respectively. In survival analysis, the proportion of babies who survived LBW among mothers who were poor was lower (82.9%) compared to babies born to rich mothers (87.5%) (p-value = 0.189). Furthermore, the proportion of babies who survived SGA for the poor was lower (79 .1 % ) compared to babies born to none poor mothers (85.8%) (p-value = 0.032) and preterm birth for the poor (78.4%) compared to babies born to mothers who were rich (83 .6%) (p-value = 0.022). In multiple Cox regression analysis socioeconomic status was not a significant risk factor for SGA ( aHR = 1.08; 95% CI; p=0.099), LBW and preterm birth (aHR = 1.17; 95% CI; p= l.41). However, male babies (aHR = 1.80; 95% CI; p=0.012), domestic violence or abuse during pregnancy (aHR = 3.48; 95% CI [1.59 - 7.34]; p = 0.002) and maternal anaemia (aHR = 2.1; 95% CI; p = 0.019) were risk factors for SGA while prior preterm birth ( aHR = 2.02; 95% CI; p = 0.002), HIV infection (aHR = 1.22; 95% CI; p = 0.040) and anaemia (aHR = 1.37; 95% CI; p = 0.009) were predictors of preterm delivery.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between low socioeconomic status and adverse birth outcomes although being pregnant with a male baby, HIV infection, anaemia and prior preterm birth were significantly associated with SGAand preterm.
SARS-Cov-2 Infection and severe proximal myopathy secondary to dermatomyositis and overlap systemic sclerosis: A Case Report from Zambia
Authors: Mukomena Patrice N. , Kawana Wamundila , Taufiq Malika , Sutherland Oliver , Trollip Sally 
Published: August 2022

Bckground: Myositis has been reported to be associated or triggered by viruses. Genetic and environmental factors are documented risk for myopathies. Viruses have also been shown to modify the clinical course of auto-immune diseases.We therefore report a case of SARS-Cov-2 infection in a 26-year-old female black Zambian patient with proximal myopathy.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 26-yearold chemical factory worker with severe acuterespiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-cov-2) infection and proximal myopathy. She presented to a local private hospital with fever, weakness and flu-like symptoms after being exposed to a colleague diagnosed with SARS-cov-2 infection at the time Zambia declared the July 2021 third wave of SARS-cov-2pandemic. She also reported difficulties in climbing stairs, had Raynaud's phenomenon, proximal myopathy, classic dermatomyositis features, symptoms ofsystemic sclerosis, raisedcreatine phosphokinase (CPK), and a positive nasopharyngeal PCR test for SARS-Cov-2 infection.
Conclusions: We presented, for the first time in Zambia, the case of a patient with SARS-Cov-2 infection and severe proximal myopathy secondary to newly diagnosed dermatomyositis and overlap systemic sclerosis. The myopathy appeared to have been worsened by SARS-Cov-2 viral infection.
Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion and Islam
Authors: Akram Ujala 
Published: August 2022

Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion and Islam: A Review of Laws Regarding ‘Offences Relating to Religion’ in Pakistan from a Domestic and International Law Perspective
During the struggle for a separate homeland, named Pakistan, for Muslims who were the then religious minority in British India, a promise was inevitably made that the religious minorities will enjoy freedom to hold and practice their belief in this new country. The promise was kept in all three Constitutions of Pakistan where minorities were given the right to practice their religion. However, the subsequent amendments to the Constitution were made with the presumption that Pakistan was created to establish an Islamic State, which stifled the freedom of religion and belief of the religious minorities. In the absence of a domestic mechanism to protect the freedom of religion in Pakistan, international law was supposed to play a major role in the protection of the same. Unfortunately, international law, owing to the lack of sanctions and mechanism to implement the law, proved to be weak in this case. However, through an amalgamation of international law, international pressure, amendments to existing laws and promulgation of new laws to protect the religious freedom of minorities in Pakistan – the minorities may be able to enjoy the freedom of religion as it was envisioned while fighting for the independence of Pakistan.
The System of Kafala and the Rights of Migrant Workers in GCC Countries – With Specific Reference to Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Majed M. 
Published: August 2022

The System of Kafala and the Rights of Migrant Workers in GCC Countries – With Specific Reference to Saudi Arabia
Under the Kafala system, which applies in all Arab countries, migrant workers must attain a work entry visa and residential permit, which is possible only if they are working for a domestic institution or corporation or a citizen of the respective country. Each and every employer is required, based on the Kafala system, to adopt all legal and economic responsibilities for all of the employer's workers during their contractual period. By giving wide-ranging powers and responsibilities unilaterally to employers, the Kafala system subjects workers to abysmal and exploitative working conditions, violence, and human rights abuses. Some of these problems have recently made headlines in the United States and in Europe in connection with the campus being built by New York University in Abu Dhabi. While NYU imposed a code of labor standards on its direct contractual partners, it claimed to have no means of controlling subcontractors. Nor did NYU try very hard, it seems, to verify compliance even by its direct contractual partners.Migrant workers make up at least 30 percent of the population of Saudi Arabia and 49 percent of Saudi Arabia's entire workforce. Employers control Saudi Arabia's Kafala system, in which migrant workers are the weakest link. Studies and international organizations report that foreigners employed in Saudi Arabia have returned home with many complaints. In 2006, Saudi Arabia re-examined all laws including its labor law. This re-examination resulted in abolishing some terms used in labor law, such as the kafala system, but the system remains as is. The new labor law includes many positive changes, but not enough according to the assessment of local and international scholars and observers. In this paper, I will reveal laws, practices and patterns that essentially cause the vulnerability of migrant workers, and I will suggest effective alternative strategies. This paper should contribute to our growing understanding of issues of concern for migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries and help to develop specific and necessary legal and institutional responses.
International Kafala: A Right for the Child to Enter and Stay in the Member States?
Authors: Malingreau Julie 
Published: August 2022

International Kafala: A Right for the Child to Enter and Stay in the Member States?
Much attention has already been paid to the relationship between European (family) law and law from Muslim majority countries in studies of private international law or of comparative law, often discussing family law institutions such as polygamy or repudiation. Among those institutions, there is one that has largely been neglected: kafala, a form of guardianship that is specific to Islamic law.The reception of this institution in the Member States raises several questions, such as its consequences in terms of legal parentage or its conformity with the best interest of the child or with public order. However, this contribution focuses on the migration angle since some difficulties may appear after this particular guardianship was pronounced abroad when the question of the entrance and the stay of the child with their guardians in a Member State arises.The research consists of determining whether some EU or international instruments could grant the guardians a right to request that ‘their’ child lives with them in their country and examines whether such a right is always desirable and justifiable. Taking France as an example, the author asks the following question: does not France, as a Member State of the European Union, have to ensure under European law and international obligations that the child and the couple will be able to live together on its territory?
Addressing the Pension Challenge: Can the EU Respond?
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Konstantina 
Published: August 2022

Addressing the Pension Challenge: Can the EU Respond? Towards Facilitating the Portability of Supplementary (Occupational) Pension Rights
The European economic crisis has underlined the challenges that Member States of the European Union face towards ensuring adequate social protection provision for their citizens. The effects of the crisis have and can further impact on the capacity of pension schemes, both state provided and privately managed, that constitute a significant aspect of social protection, to deliver pension promises. This paper highlights the current situation that the common pension challenges pose for Member States and focuses on a particular issue around occupational pension provision, which has been on the European Commission’s agenda for a long time, and on which limited progress had been made. This is the issue of cross-border portability of supplementary pension rights. It is argued that current circumstances facilitate EU action to be taken in this area. In the first section, the paper identifies the main challenges around pension provision stemming from demographic ageing and the effects of the economic crisis. Section two provides a brief overview of the Commission’s holistic approach envisaged in its 2012 White Paper on safe, adequate, and sustainable pensions. Section three provides an overview of the issue of the portability of supplementary pension rights for EU workers. Section four outlines previous attempts and recent developments towards the adoption of legislative measures to promote the portability of such pension entitlements. The paper concludes by arguing that the renewed focus on pensions, in the context of current challenges and the need to enhance workers’ mobility and to provide adequate social protection, have paved the way towards the adoption of measures in this area.
Another Type of Deficit?
Authors: Voiculescu Aurora 
Published: August 2022

Another Type of Deficit? Human Rights, Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Shaping of the European Union’s Linkage Strategy
This article engages with the European Union’s continuing strategy, in the context of the economic crisis, of addressing the human rights deficit of the current economic model by promoting a multifarious normative linkage between the economic, market-driven sphere and the human rights-anchored social sphere. The article looks into issues of normativity associated with the EU linkage agenda and interrogates some of its institutional and conceptual elements. It contends that, while the linkage discourse depends on a multitude of actors and factors, the EU encompasses a number of features that – by entropy as much as by design – facilitate an interrogation of the normative set-up that currently holds between human rights and the market mechanisms. The first part of the article addresses the linkage or ‘trade and’ debate that carries distinct nuances within contemporary international economic law. In the second part, the potential as well as the challenges brought about by the EU as a socio-political entity highlight the bringing together of competing normative issues. Lastly, the article considers the EU conceptual inroads in developing the necessary tools for consolidating and addressing the linkage agenda. Through this analysis, the article highlights an essential, dynamic nexus and a search for normative synchronisation between the economic development model and the social model. It is argued that coupling this nexus with a conceptual rethinking can increase the chances of matching the so far rhetorical persuasiveness of the linkage discourse with the so far elusive conceptual coherence and policy consistency.
Gas pressure and coating distance for nanohydroxyapatite deposition on stainless steel 316L using flame spray technique
Authors: SAPUTRA Angga , SYAFITRI Utami Dyah , SUDIRO Toto , TIMUDA Gerald Ensang , SARI Yessie  Widya 
Published: August 2022

Metal implant coating engineering is needed to improve the surface biocompatibility properties of metals. For this, coating metal surfaces with bioactive and biocompatible biomaterials will be an option. Having high biocompatibility as well as similarity in chemical properties, nanohydroxyapatite may be a candidate as biomaterials for coating the metal implant. The key to the success of metal implant plating is the formation of pores which increase the bioactivity and biocompatibility properties of the implant. In this study, nanohydroxyapatite was used to be coated on stainless steel type 316L (SS316L). To ensure that the coating works properly on the surface, an appropriate measure of gas and distance is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible firing distance and gas pressure of the flame spray coating technique. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and optical microscopy (OM) characterizations were carried out to determine the phase, morphology, and presence of pores. After coated product, hydroxyapatite dehydroxylation occurred which led to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases. The thickness decreases with the addition of gas pressure and the farther the firing distance the layer thickness decreases. Nanohydroxyapatite coating on a bone implant substrate can increase the porosity of the layer.
Microstructure and properties of zirconia-alumina composites fabricated via powder injection molding
Authors: SAELEE Nalattaporn , CHUANKRERKKUL Nutthita , WANAKAMOL Panitarn 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to fabricate zirconia-alumina composites via powder injection molding and investigated the effects of alumina addition on microstructure as well as physical properties of the composites. Zirconia-alumina composites were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as binders. The powder loading was fixed at 38 vol%, and PEG: PVB binder weight ratio was fixed at 80:20. Alumina content within ceramic component was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol% to observe the effect of alumina on the composite structures and properties. The injection molding was done at 190℃ followed by water debinding of PEG at 40℃. Thermal debinding of PVB at 450℃ was performed prior to sintering at 1450℃. From the density measurement via Archimedes’ method, the relative density of sintered samples was found to be highest at 10 vol% alumina and gradually lower at higher alumina content. The condition with highest density yielded the highest flexural modulus and flexural strength. XRD indicated that tetragonal zirconia phase coexisted with alumina when alumina was added. Above 20 vol% alumina, monoclinic zirconia was also detected. The increased porosity in samples with high alumina content, as confirmed in SEM morphological observation, correlated with lower flexural strength and lower flexural modulus. The results illustrated the feasibility of powder injection molding in the production of zirconia-alumina composites and the optimum condition in this study was 10 vol% alumina.
Eco-friendly lake pigment from sappanwood: Adsorption study and its application as natural colorant for natural rubber toy balloon
Authors: SIRIRAK Jitnapa , SUPPHARATTHANYA Ployphat , CHANTHA Kedsarin , GIRDTHEP Sutinee , CHAYABUTRA Supanee 
Published: August 2022

Due to the awareness of the impact of synthetic dye on human health and the environment, natural dye and lake pigment have attracted considerable attention from researcher. Herein, pink−red lake pigment from sappanwood was prepared using adsorption approach. The effects of initial pH, pH and concentration of brazilein solution, dosage of aluminium hydroxide, and adsorption time on adsorption were also explored. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of 30 mg g-1 was achieved when 0.25%w/v of aluminium hydroxide and 100 mg L-1 of brazilein solution were applied. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitted the pseudo second order model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. Additionally, this lake pigment can be utilized as a natural colorant for natural rubber toy balloons, which could made toy balloon safer for children than synthetic dye. Thus, our lake pigment can be an alternative choice of safe and environmental friendly colorant for products including toys.
PERANCANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SENI MUSIK MENGENAL NOTASI UNTUK KELAS V DI SDN 1 TIRTO, GRABAG
Authors: Moch Ali Machmudi Tri Yusnanto, 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini membuat perancangan media pembelajaran seni musik mengenal notasi untuk kelas 5 di SDN 1 Tirto, Grabag, Magelang supaya dapat membantu siswa memahami pelajaran Seni Musik khususnya dalam membaca Notasi Balok dengan baik dan benar.Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode eksperimen. Metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari wawancara yaitu dengan mengadakan tanya jawab secara langsung dengan pihak yang bersangkutan, yang dapat memberikan informasi-informasi maupun data-data, pengamatan dan kepustakaan yaitu dengan cara mempelajari berbagai macam literatur sumber pustaka yang ada kaitannya dengan masalah ini, subyek penelitian, obyek penelitian, instrumen penelitian dan prosedur penelitian. Perangkat lunak atau Software yang digunakan adalah Macromedia Flash 8 dan Corel Draw X7.Diharapkan media pembelajaran yang berbeda dapat melatih kemandirian siswa dalam belajar Seni Musik khususnya dalam membaca Notasi Balok dan juga,untuk meningkatkan proses belajar dan mengajar yang lebih efektif, efisien dan mudah diterima oleh siswa. Maka pembelajaran multimedia, untuk memberikan solusi dari permasalahan yang ada.
Dengan adanya media pembelajaran ini diharapkan untuk diterapkan demi meningkatkan proses belajar mengajar yang lebih efektif, efisien dan mudah diterima oleh siswa. Karena aplikasi ini dirancang dengan tampilan animasi agar siswa tidak jenuh dengan apa yang biasa diterang kan oleh guru mereka.

Kata kunci : Macro Media Flash 8, Corel Draw X 7, Media Pembelajaran, seni music.
Consumer Attitude Towards Luxury Fashion Brands: A Study of Delhi-NCR
Authors: Arora Anu Priya , Kishor Nawal 
Published: August 2022

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effects of functional value, individual value and social value dimensions on consumer attitude towards purchasing luxury fashion brands. Methodology– The study is designed to determine whether the functional value, individual value and social value perceptions positively impact the attitude towards luxury fashion brands. A total of 200 respondents living in Delhi and NCR participated in the survey. Snowball sampling method is used in the study. Rating scale items were adapted from Wiedmann, Hennigns and Siebels (2009) study to investigate consumer attitude towards luxury brands. Correlation and regression analysis techniques along with crosstab analysis are used to test the relationship between variables.Findings – The findings suggest that the functional value positively influences attitude towards luxury brands. Individual value is also positively related to attitude towards luxury brands and the last variable social value too has been found to have significant positive impact on consumer attitude towards luxury brands, using regression analysis. However, the correlation results showed significant positive association between functional, individual value and attitude towards luxury brands but the correlation between social value and attitude towards luxury fashion brands was not significant at significance level of 0.01. And by using multiple regression technique, it has been found that the most important factor out of these three factors is Individual value which has the highest impact on attitude towards luxury brands.Practical implications – This study provides valuable managerial implications that enable the marketers to approve and formalize effective strategies that will facilitate them to capture additional target market and to enhance consumption of fashion products. Further given that functional value, individual value and social value have a significant impact on attitude towards luxury, marketers could realize large scale economies by standardizing their policy for these dimensions of luxury.Originality/value – Given that the Indian market provides growth opportunities for luxury brands, there has been limited empirical research on Indian consumers relating to functional, individual, and social value dimensions and their attitude towards luxury brands. In this regard, this paper is designed to fill this research gap.
Green Banking Practices of HDFC bank : A Case Study
Authors: Kaur Baljeet , Bansal Rashmi 
Published: August 2022

Banking sector is one of the chief economic factors that effects industrial and economic growth of any country. As in the industrial sector, banking is one of the main stakeholders that can face credit risk and liability risk and its quality of assets and rate of return can be influenced by the environmental effects in the long run. In view of this, banks have to play a positive role to go green and inculcate the environmental and ecological factors in their policies. Green banking strategies mean promoting environment-friendly practices and reducing carbon footprint in the day to day banking activities. Some banks in India including the private bank HDFC have developed several green banking initiatives. By adopting these practices, the customers as well as the banks employees can contribute a lot towards the environment. This paper aims to highlight the green banking initiatives introduced by HDFC in Delhi which may help identify the possible gaps in the green initiatives in the banking sector in India. The collection of data was done through a structured questionnaire using SPSS technique. The study found that Green banking initiatives have direct and positive impact on the environment because doing these practices; customers can save energy, fuel, paper, water, time as well as money. The common people are yet to come forward to follow these practices due to lack of the awareness.