bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Können Mesh-Vernebler die prähospitale Aerosoltherapie verbessern? Eine In-vitro-Studie an simulierten Notfallpatient*innen mit Atemnot
Authors: Otto M. , Kropp Y. , Kummer L. , Thiel M. , Tsagogiorgas C. 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Medikamentenvernebler im Rettungsdienst sollten eine hohe Vernebelungsleistung haben, um schnell eine therapeutische Wirkstoffkonzentration des vernebelten Medikaments zu erreichen. Eine Umfrage im süddeutschen Rettungsdienst zeigte allerdings, dass fast ausschließlich die wenig effizienten Jet-Vernebler zum Einsatz kommen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der vorliegenden In-vitro-Studie war es herauszufinden, ob der Einsatz von Mesh-Verneblern die prähospitale Aerosoltherapie verbessern könnte.

Material und Methoden
Die Vernebelungsleistung eines Jet-Verneblers (Cirrus™ 2, Fa. Intersurgical®) und 2 mobil einsatzbarer Mesh-Vernebler (Aerogen Solo®, Fa. Aerogen Limited, M‑Neb® mobile, NEBU-TEC International med. Produkte Eike Kern GmbH) wurde in einem In-vitro-Modell spontan atmender Notfallpatient*innen mit 4 unterschiedlichen Atemmustern bei verschiedenen Sauerstoffflussraten getestet.

Ergebnisse
Die Mesh-Vernebler zeigten im Vergleich zum Jet-Vernebler eine signifikant höhere Verneblungsleistung und Salbutamol-Filterdeposition, wobei der M‑Neb® mobile die höchsten Werte für Leistung und Deposition erreichte. Der Sauerstofffluss hatte den größten Einfluss auf die Leistung des Jet-Verneblers, wirkte sich aber kaum auf die Mesh-Vernebler aus. Die Deposition wurde zudem stark vom Atemmuster beeinflusst.

Diskussion
Der Einsatz von Mesh-Verneblern mit hoher Verneblungsleistung konnte in einem In-vitro-Modell die Aerosoltherapie von prähospitalen Notfallpatient*innen verbessern. Sie waren dem Jet-Vernebler in Bezug auf die Verneblungsleistung und die Lungendeposition überlegen und ermöglichten zudem eine bedarfsangepasste Sauerstofftherapie. Die höchste Medikamentendeposition wurde bei den tachypnoischen Patient*innen erreicht, welche in der praktischen Anwendung auch am meisten von einem erhöhten Medikamentenspiegel profitieren würden.
Fully automatic prognostic biomarker extraction from metastatic prostate lesion segmentations in whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images
Authors: Kendrick Jake , Francis Roslyn J. , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ong Jeremy S. L. , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop and assess an automated segmentation framework based on deep learning for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) lesions in whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images for the purpose of extracting patient-level prognostic biomarkers.

Methods
Three hundred thirty-seven [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images were retrieved from a cohort of biochemically recurrent PCa patients. A fully 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed which is based on the self-configuring nnU-Net framework, and was trained on a subset of these scans, with an independent test set reserved for model evaluation. Voxel-level segmentation results were assessed using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), positive predictive value (PPV), and sensitivity. Sensitivity and PPV were calculated to assess lesion level detection; patient-level classification results were assessed by the accuracy, PPV, and sensitivity. Whole-body biomarkers total lesional volume (TLVauto) and total lesional uptake (TLUauto) were calculated from the automated segmentations, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess biomarker relationship with patient overall survival.

Results
At the patient level, the accuracy, sensitivity, and PPV were all > 90%, with the best metric being the PPV (97.2%). PPV and sensitivity at the lesion level were 88.2% and 73.0%, respectively. DSC and PPV measured at the voxel level performed within measured inter-observer variability (DSC, median = 50.7% vs. second observer = 32%, p = 0.012; PPV, median = 64.9% vs. second observer = 25.7%, p < 0.005). Kaplan–Meier analysis of TLVauto and TLUauto showed they were significantly associated with patient overall survival (both p < 0.005).

Conclusion
The fully automated assessment of whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images using deep learning shows significant promise, yielding accurate scan classification, voxel-level segmentations within inter-observer variability, and potentially clinically useful prognostic biomarkers associated with patient overall survival.

Trial registration
This study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000608561) on 11 June 2015.
Qualitative Analysis of the Host‐Perceived Impact of Unidirectional Global Surgery Training in Kijabe, Kenya: Benefits, Challenges, and a Desire for Bidirectional Exchange
Authors: Zivanov Catherine N. , Joseph James , Pereira Daniel E. , MacLeod Jana B. A. , Kauffmann Rondi M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs globalization of surgical training increases, growing evidence demonstrates a positive impact of global surgery experiences on trainees from high‐income countries (HIC). However, few studies have assessed the impact of these largely unidirectional experiences from the perspectives of host surgical personnel from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). This study aimed to assess the impact of unidirectional visitor involvement from the perspectives of host surgical personnel in Kijabe, Kenya.MethodsVoluntary semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 43 host surgical personnel at a tertiary referral hospital in Kijabe, Kenya. Qualitative analysis was used to identify salient and recurring themes related to host experiences with visiting surgical personnel. Perceived benefits and challenges of HIC involvement and host interest in bidirectional exchange were assessed.ResultsBenefits of visitor involvement included positive learning experiences (95.3%), capacity building (83.7%), exposure to diverse practices and perspectives (74.4%), improved work ethic (51.2%), shared workload (44.2%), access to resources (41.9%), visitor contributions to patient care (41.9%), and mentorship opportunities (37.2%). Challenges included short stays (86.0%), visitor adaptation and integration (83.7%), cultural differences (67.4%), visitors with problematic behaviors (53.5%), learner saturation (34.9%), language barriers (32.6%), and perceived power imbalances between HIC and LMIC personnel (27.9%). Nearly half of host participants expressed concerns about the lack of balanced exchange between HIC and LMIC programs (48.8%). Almost all (96.9%) host trainees expressed interest in a bidirectional exchange program.ConclusionAs the field of global surgery continues to evolve, further assessment and representation of host perspectives is necessary to identify and address challenges and promote equitable, mutually beneficial partnerships between surgical programs in HIC and LMIC.
Genome characterization and CRISPR-Cas9 editing of a human neocentromere
Authors: Palazzo Antonio , Piccolo Ilaria , Minervini Crescenzio Francesco , Purgato Stefania , Capozzi Oronzo , D’Addabbo Pietro , Cumbo Cosimo , Albano Francesco , Rocchi Mariano , Catacchio Claudia Rita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe maintenance of genome integrity is ensured by proper chromosome inheritance during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. The chromosomal counterpart responsible for chromosome segregation to daughter cells is the centromere, at which the spindle apparatus attaches through the kinetochore. Although all mammalian centromeres are primarily composed of megabase-long repetitive sequences, satellite-free human neocentromeres have been described. Neocentromeres and evolutionary new centromeres have revolutionized traditional knowledge about centromeres. Over the past 20 years, insights have been gained into their organization, but in spite of these advancements, the mechanisms underlying their formation and evolution are still unclear. Today, through modern and increasingly accessible genome editing and long-read sequencing techniques, research in this area is undergoing a sudden acceleration. In this article, we describe the primary sequence of a previously described human chromosome 3 neocentromere and observe its possible evolution and repair results after a chromosome breakage induced through CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. Our data represent an exciting advancement in the field of centromere/neocentromere evolution and chromosome stability.
Psychiatric conditions in autistic adolescents: longitudinal stability from childhood and associated risk factors
Authors: Hollocks Matthew J. , Leno Virginia Carter , Chandler Susie , White Pippa , Yorke Isabel , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Baird Gillian , Simonoff Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutistic people experience high rates of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Current prevalence estimates vary considerably due to an over-reliance on clinical cohorts and the longitudinal stability of diagnoses from childhood into adolescence is poorly understood. This study aims to provide prevalence rates of co-occurring DSM-5 psychiatric diagnosis for autistic adolescence and investigate, for the first time, the stability of diagnoses from childhood. Using a longitudinal stratified sample of autistic youth (N = 77; 13–17 years; 60% male), selected from a larger community-derived sample of those with pre-existing autism diagnoses (N = 277) weighted prevalence estimates of emotional (anxiety, depression), behavioural (oppositional and conduct disorders) and ADHD diagnoses were calculated based on semi-structured psychiatric interview. Prediction of adolescent psychiatric diagnosis based on childhood diagnostic status, sex, childhood IQ (both assessed at age 4–10 years) was tested. Emotional and behavioural disorders in adolescence were particularly prevalent, and significantly predicted by childhood disorder status. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) was prevalent but not predicted by childhood ADHD diagnosis. Neither sex nor childhood IQ predicted diagnostic outcomes. Autistic youth have high levels of co-occurring psychiatric conditions, which are broadly persistent across childhood and adolescence. Emotional disorders are particularly prevalent and remain persistent from childhood to adolescence. Greater diagnostic variability was found for ADHD with more adolescents moving across diagnostic thresholds.
A systematic review on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and neurocognitive disorders in professional and varsity athletes
Authors: Bellomo G. , Piscopo P. , Corbo M. , Pupillo E. , Stipa G. , Beghi E. , Vanacore N. , Lacorte E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to gather all available epidemiological evidence on former participation in any type of sport, at a professional and varsity level, as a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and neurocognitive disorders (NCDs).

Design
Systematic searches were performed on PubMed, the Cochrane databases, and the ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Included studies were assessed using the NOS checklist.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
All epidemiological studies reporting data on the possible association between a clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND), dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) at any stage and with any clinical pattern and the former participation in any types of sport at a varsity and professional level were included.

Results
Data from the 17 included studies showed a higher frequency of NDs and NCDs in former soccer and American football players. Updating the previous SR confirmed a higher frequency of ALS/MND in former soccer players. Data reported a significantly higher risk of dementia/AD in former soccer players, and of MCI in former American football players. Results also showed a significantly higher risk of PD in former soccer and American football players, and a significantly higher risk of CTE in former boxers and American football players.

Summary/conclusions
This SR confirmed a higher risk of NDs and NCDs in former professional/varsity athletes. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear, and further high-quality studies should be performed to clarify whether the association could be sport specific.
The case for change: aviation worker wellbeing during the COVID 19 pandemic, and the need for an integrated health and safety culture
Authors: Cahill Joan , Cullen Paul , Gaynor Keith 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe workplace is an important setting for health protection, health promotion and disease prevention. Currently, health and wellbeing approaches at an aviation organisational level are not addressing both human and safety needs. This issue has been intensified since the COVID 19 pandemic. This paper reports on the findings of a survey pertaining to aviation worker wellbeing and organisational approaches to managing wellbeing and mental health. The survey was administered at two different time periods during the COVID 19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). Collectively, feedback was obtained from over 3000 aviation workers. Survey feedback indicates that aviation workers are experiencing considerable challenges in relation to their health and wellbeing. These challenges are not being adequately addressed at an organisational level, which creates risk both from an individual and flight safety perspective. The descriptive findings of both surveys along with a regression analysis is used to make a principled case for augmenting the existing approach to managing aviation worker wellbeing (including mental health), at both an organisational and regulatory level. It is argued that aviation organisations, with the support of the regulator should implement a preventative, ethical and evidence-based strategy to managing wellbeing and mental health risk. Critically, aviation organisations need to advance and integrated health, wellbeing, and safety culture. This necessitates an alignment of human, business, and safety objectives, as articulated in concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and responsible work. Critically, this approach depends on trust and the specification of appropriate protections, so that aviation workers feel safe to routinely report wellbeing levels and challenges, and their impact on operational safety.
Foliated Hopf hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic quadrics
Authors: Berndt Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with a limiting case motivated by contact geometry. The limiting case of a tensorial characterization of contact hypersurfaces in Kähler manifolds leads to Hopf hypersurfaces whose maximal complex subbundle of the tangent bundle is integrable. It is known that in non-flat complex space forms and in complex quadrics such real hypersurfaces do not exist, but the existence problem in other irreducible Kähler manifolds is open. In this paper we construct explicitly a one-parameter family of homogeneous Hopf hypersurfaces, whose maximal complex subbundle of the tangent bundle is integrable, in a Hermitian symmetric space of non-compact type and rank two. These are the first known examples of such real hypersurfaces in irreducible Kähler manifolds.
Sublethal effects of plant essential oils toward the zoophytophagous mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis
Authors: Passos Luis C. , Ricupero Michele , Gugliuzzo Antonio , Soares Marianne A. , Desneux Nicolas , Campolo Orlando , Carvalho Geraldo A. , Biondi Antonio , Zappalá Lucia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZoophytophagous hemipteran predators provide relevant biological control services and their applications are consolidated in greenhouse pest management. The use of plant essential oils (EOs) for sustainable crop protection is being currently promoted. However, further knowledge of the potential side effects of EOs on predatory mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) is required. Here, we evaluated the non-target impact of four EOs (anise, fennel, garlic and lavender) on the generalist predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) in the laboratory. The baseline toxicity of EOs was firstly assessed on N. tenuis adults following topical contact exposure. Then, the predator reproduction and orientation behavior was tested following the exposure to three estimated EO lethal concentrations (LC1, LC10 and LC30). Garlic EO had the lowest estimated LCs (e.g., LC30 1.34 mg mL−1), being thus the most toxic compound among the tested EOs. The estimated LC30s for lavender, anise and fennel EOs were 2.75, 4.55 and 5.17 mg mL−1, respectively. The fertility and the orientation behavior of N. tenuis females was negatively affected by all the EOs at the highest tested concentration. Nevertheless, anise EO at LC1 and LC10 caused no sublethal effects on N. tenuis. Our findings suggest that careful attention should be given when EOs are used in combination with N. tenuis in pest management programs.
Multidimensional risk aversion: the cardinal sin
Authors: Eeckhoudt Louis , Pagani Elisa , Peluso Eugenio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAttitudes towards multidimensional risk depend both on the shape of the indifference map under certainty and on the degree of concavity of the utility function representing preferences under risk. A decomposition of the risk premium is built on the new notion of “compensated risk aversion”. The balance between the two components is shown to depend on the association of the risks. Several applications are also presented, including the intertemporal model.
Efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soils by a methylotrophic enrichment culture
Authors: Dhar Kartik , Panneerselvan Logeshwaran , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Megharaj Mallavarapu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBioaugmentation effectively enhances microbial bioremediation of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated environments. While screening for pyrene-degrading bacteria from a former manufactured gas plant soil (MGPS), the mixed enrichment culture was found to be more efficient in PAHs biodegradation than the culturable pure strains. Interestingly, analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the culture was dominated by a previously uncultured member of the family Rhizobiaceae. The culture utilized C1 and other methylotrophic substrates, including dimethylformamide (DMF), which was used as a solvent for supplementing the culture medium with PAHs. In the liquid medium, the culture rapidly degraded phenanthrene, pyrene, and the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), when provided as the sole carbon source or with DMF as a co-substrate. The efficiency of the culture in the bioremediation of PAHs from the MGPS and a laboratory waste soil (LWS) was evaluated in bench-scale slurry systems. After 28 days, 80% of Σ16 PAHs were efficiently removed from the inoculated MGPS. Notably, the bioaugmentation achieved 90% removal of four-ringed and 60% of highly recalcitrant five- and six-ringed PAHs from the MGPS. Likewise, almost all phenanthrene, pyrene, and 65% BaP were removed from the bioaugmented LWS. This study highlights the application of the methylotrophic enrichment culture dominated by an uncultured bacterium for the efficient bioremediation of PAHs.
Social Factors and Recovery: A Longitudinal Study of Patients with Psychosis in Mental Health Services
Authors: Linde Janniche , Schmid Marit Therese , Ruud Torleif , Skar-Fröding Regina , Biringer Eva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo study the prospective associations between social factors and recovery in patients with psychotic disorders in mental health specialist services. In this prospective observational cohort study, analyzes were based on baseline- and follow-up data after 18 months from 108 patients with psychosis. Personal recovery was assessed by the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR). Linear regression models were used to test the prospective associations between social predictor variables and QPR. An association was found between experienced quality of interpersonal relationships at baseline and change in QPR score over the next 18 months. Stratified analyzes showed that the effect of experienced quality of interpersonal relationships on recovery was due to an association among persons living with others. Patients’ experience of quality of interpersonal relationships are prospectively associated with recovery. In conclusion, findings indicate that interpersonal relationships and social interaction are central drivers of recovery in patients with psychotic disorders.
On the Optimal Size and Composition of Customs Unions: An Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Saber Takfarinas , Naeher Dominik , De Lombaerde Philippe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCustoms unions enable countries to freely access each other’s markets, which is thought to increase intra-regional trade and economic growth. However, accession to a customs union also comes with the condition that all members need to consent to a common external trade policy. Especially if countries feature different economic structures, this may act as a force against the creation of large customs unions. In this paper, we propose a new mathematical approach to model the optimal size and composition of customs unions in the form of a bi-objective combinatorial non-linear problem. We also use a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (NSGA-II) to search for the best (non-dominated) configurations using data on the trade flows and economic characteristics of 200 countries. Our algorithm identifies 445 different configurations that are strictly preferable, from a global perspective, to the real-world landscape of customs unions. However, many of these non-dominated configurations have the feature that they improve outcomes for the world as a whole, on average, but not for all individual countries. The best configurations tend to favour the creation of a few large customs unions and several smaller ones.
Parental Imitations and Expansions of Child Language Predict Later Language Outcomes of Autistic Preschoolers
Authors: Smith Jodie , Sulek Rhylee , Van Der Wert Kailia , Cincotta-Lee Olivia , Green Cherie C. , Bent Catherine A. , Chetcuti Lacey , Hudry Kristelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBoth the amount and responsiveness of adult language input contribute to the language development of autistic and non-autistic children. From parent–child interaction footage, we measured the amount of adult language input, overall parent responsiveness, and six discrete parent responsive behaviours (imitations, expansions, open-ended questions, yes/no questions, comments and acknowledgements) to explore which types of responsiveness predicted autistic preschoolers’ language five months later, after controlling for adult language input. We found expansions and particularly imitations to be more important for later language than overall responsiveness. This study emphasises the need to capture what exactly about parent language input influences child language acquisition, and adds to the evidence that imitating and expanding early language might be particularly beneficial for autistic preschoolers.