bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Bias and Uncertainty Scheme for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change Forecasts
Authors: Trabing Benjamin C. , Musgrave K. D. , DeMaria M. , Blake E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To better forecast tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change and understand forecast uncertainty, it is critical to recognize the inherent limitations of forecast models. The distributions of intensity change for statistical–dynamical models are too narrow, and some intensity change forecasts are shown to have larger errors and biases than others. The Intensity Bias and Uncertainty Scheme (IBUS) is developed in an intensity change framework, which estimates the bias and the standard deviation of intensity forecast errors. The IBUS is developed and applied to the Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (DSHP), the Logistic Growth Equation Model (LGEM), and official National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts (OFCL) separately. The analysis uses DSHP, LGEM, and OFCL forecasts from 2010 to 2019 in both the Atlantic and east Pacific basins. Each IBUS contains both a bias correction and forecast uncertainty estimate that is tested on the training dataset and evaluated on the 2020 season. The IBUS is able to reduce intensity biases and improve forecast errors beyond 120 h in each model and basin relative to the original forecasts. The IBUS is also able to communicate forecast uncertainty that explains ∼7%–11% of forecast variance at 48 h for DSHP and LGEM in the Atlantic. Better performance is found in the east Pacific at 96 h where the IBUS explains up to 30% of the errors in DSHP and 14% of the errors for LGEM. The IBUS for OFCL explains 9%–13% of the 48-h forecast uncertainty in the Atlantic and east Pacific with up to 30% variance explained for east Pacific forecasts at 96 h. IBUS for OFCL has the capability to provide intensity forecast uncertainty similar to the “cone of uncertainty” for track forecasts.
A novel rail corrugation suppressor using synergistic mechanism of vibration absorption and damping
Authors: Zhao Caiyou , Lei Jiaxin , Liu Kai , Chen Rong , wang Ping 
Published: August 2022

Rail corrugation increases the intensity of interaction between the wheel and the rail, make the vehicle and track vibrate more strongly, and increase the rolling noise. Based on the fixed corrugation wavelength mechanism, this paper determines the required corrugation wavelength to be controlled using field investigations. A new type of corrugation suppressor is developed that combines a dynamic vibration absorber and a labyrinth damper. The purpose of the suppressor is to realize wide-band vibration resistance and energy consumption, and to control the vibrations in a specific frequency band. By analyzing the vibration transmission characteristics of a typical small-radius curved subway track, it is verified that the device can flatten the rail dynamic response function, suppress the pinned-pinned resonance of rail, and increase the transmission attenuation rate of rail vibrations. A coupled rigid-flexible model of vehicle and curved track is established. The rail vibration and corrugation growth rate before and after installing the suppressor are compared. The suppressor can reduce the 1000 Hz vibrations by 10.1 dB and decrease the medium and high frequency vibrations of the rail by 5.6 dB. At the same time, it can attenuate the rail corrugation growth rate near 500 Hz and between 700-1000 Hz. A field tracking test showed that the suppressor can effectively inhibit the initiation of 15-30 mm wavelength corrugation.
Structural Changes in the Arcuate Fasciculus and Recovery of Post-stroke Aphasia: A 6-Month Follow-up Study using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Bae Cho Rong , Na Yoonhye , Cho Minjae , Hwang Yu Mi , Tae Woo-Suk , Pyun Sung-Bom 
Published: August 2022

Background Temporal changes in the structural connectivity of major language tracts after stroke and their contribution to aphasia recovery are unclear. Objective To investigate longitudinal arcuate fasciculus (AF) integrity changes and their relationship with post-stroke aphasia recovery using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Thirty-five patients with aphasia due to first-ever left hemispheric stroke underwent the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery and DTI at 1- and 6-month post stroke onset. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) of both AF tracts were analyzed to evaluate the temporal changes in tract integrity and determine the correlation between changes (Δ; follow-up − initial) in DTI parameters and language scores. Results At 6 months post-stroke, the mean FA decreased, and mean MD and RD increased in both hemispheres; however, compared with mean AD observed after 1 month, the mean observed at 6 months increased only in the left hemisphere ( P < .05). ΔFA of the left AF and proportional change in the aphasia quotient showed a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.365, P = .031). No correlation was found between changes in the right AF parameters and language score. The group with increased FA in the left AF showed more significant language improvement than the group with decreased FA. Conclusions: During the subacute stage, the integrity of AF decreased in both hemispheres in patients with aphasia, and the change in structural connectivity of the left AF was associated with language improvement.
Biosorptive Potential of Pseudomonas species RY12 Toward Zinc Heavy Metal in Agriculture Soil Irrigated with Contaminated Waste Water
Authors: Yasmin Riffat , Zafar Muhammad Shoaib , Tahir Imtiaz Mahmood , Asif Rizwan , Asghar Samra , Raza Syed Kashif 
Published: August 2022

Industrial waste is mainly responsible for accumulating Zn (II) in the soil, which needs to be removed to avoid its bioaccumulation and hazardous effects on the environment. In a recent study, the potential of the RY12 strain was evaluated as a biosorbent of Zn (II) ions in an aqueous medium. Different microbiological techniques like biochemical, molecular characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used for the identification of RY12. The impact of different parameters such as the initial zinc ion concentration, pH, temperature, and the removal of other metals such as manganese, lead, cobalt, silver, copper, mercury, and chromium was also evaluated on the reduction of Zn (II). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also carried out to investigate the role of cellular surfaces in the sorption of Zn+2 ions. Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses established that strain RY12 Pseudomonas sp. capable of reducing Zn+2 up to 89% at 28°C (pH = 6.5; initial Zn+2 concentration = 200 mg/L). The FTIR analysis revealed that the bacterial cell wall’s amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups were involved in the reaction with Zn (II). Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas sp. RY12 is a proficient bacterium for removing zinc from industrial waste and could be a valuable bioremediation agent.
Global Validation of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification: Geographic Region Affects Reliability and Reproducibility
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Bransford Richard , Oner Cumhur , Benneker Lorin M. , Kandziora Frank , Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran , Kanna Rishi , Joaquim Andrei F. , Chapman Jens R , Vialle Emiliano , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Dvorak Marcel , Schnake Klaus , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. ,   AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification International Members
Published: August 2022

Study Design Global Survey Objective To determine the accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeons’ AO Spine region of practice (Africa, Asia, Central/South America, Europe, Middle East, and North America). Methods A total of 275 AO Spine members assessed 25 upper cervical spine injuries and classified them according to the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy scores were obtained over two assessments administered at three-week intervals. Kappa coefficients (ƙ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. Results On both assessments, participants from Europe and North America had the highest classification accuracy, while participants from Africa and Central/South America had the lowest accuracy ( P < .0001). Participants from Africa (assessment 1 (AS1):ƙ = .487; AS2:0.491), Central/South America (AS1:ƙ = .513; AS2:0.511), and the Middle East (AS1:0.591; AS2: .599) achieved moderate reliability, while participants from North America (AS1:ƙ = .673; AS2:0.648) and Europe (AS1:ƙ = .682; AS2:0.681) achieved substantial reliability. Asian participants obtained substantial reliability on AS1 (ƙ = .632), but moderate reliability on AS2 (ƙ = .566). Although there was a large effect size, the low number of participants in certain regions did not provide adequate certainty that AO regions affected the likelihood of participants having excellent reproducibility ( P = .342). Conclusions The AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System can be applied with high accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility. However, lower classification accuracy and reliability were found in regions of Africa and Central/South America, especially for severe atlas injuries (IIB and IIC) and atypical hangman’s type fractures (IIIB injuries).
Is Dichotomization into Regular versus Irregular Dental Attenders Valid? A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: van der Zande M.M. , Exley C.E. , Freeman R. , Thetford C. , Harris R.V. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To discover whether dental visiting behavior can be understood as a dichotomy of planned versus problem based, or whether there were a range of different types of understanding and patient behavior, recognizable as patterns of dental visiting behavior. Methods: Secondary analysis drawing on 2 qualitative studies of patients’ accounts of dental attendance and oral health, with 1) opportunistic interviews with people attending urgent dental care services ( n = 43; including 19 with follow-up) and 2) home-based, in-depth interviews with people attending a dental practice with a mixture of improved or deteriorated/poor periodontal health ( n = 25). Results: Four distinguishable patterns of dental visiting were identified in patients’ accounts: Accepting and Active Monitoring, as well as Ambivalent and Active Problem-based dental visiting behavior. Individuals’ patterns were relatively stable over time but could shift at turning points. Accepting Monitors were characterized as accepting dentists’ recommendations and dental practice policies relating to oral health and visits, whereas Active Monitors were more independent in judging how often to attend for preventive appointments, while still valuing anticipatory care. Ambivalent Problem–based visitors placed a relatively low value on anticipatory care for oral health maintenance and drifted into lapsed attendance, in part because of service-related factors. This contrasted with Active Problem–based visitors, for whom using services only in an emergency was a conscious decision, with low value placed on anticipatory care. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the dynamic nature of patterns of dental visiting where the dental system itself is partly instrumental in shaping patterns of utilization in an ecological way. Thus, service-related factors tend to combine with patients’ behavior in expanding inequalities. This illuminates the reasons why risk-based recalls are challenging to implement as a dental policy. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this analysis can be used by clinicians and policymakers to inform policy around supporting uptake of preventive health care visits, contributing in particular to understanding how risk-based preventive visiting policies may be better adapted to patients’ understanding of the purpose of visits, taking into account that this is in part shaped by service-related factors in an ecological way, arising from patients’ and dental teams’ expectations.
Low-dose decitabine modulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell fitness via LKB1 in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ni Xiaofei , Wang Lingjun , Wang Haoyi , Yu Tianshu , Xie Jie , Li Guosheng , Liu Yanfeng , Zhou Hai , Xu Miao , Hou Ming , Peng Jun , Hou Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immature cells and natural inhibitors of adaptive immunity. Metabolic fitness of MDSCs is fundamental for its suppressive activity toward effector T cells. Our previous studies showed that the number and inhibitory function of MDSCs were impaired in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) compared with healthy controls. In this study, we analyzed the effects of decitabine on MDSCs from patients with ITP, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that low-dose decitabine promoted the generation of MDSCs and enhanced their aerobic metabolism and immunosuppressive functions. Lower expression of liver kinase 1 (LKB1) was found in MDSCs from patients with ITP, which was corrected by decitabine therapy. LKB1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection effectively blocked the function of MDSCs and almost offset the enhanced effect of decitabine on impaired MDSCs. Subsequently, anti-CD61 immune-sensitized splenocytes were transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to induce ITP in murine models. Passive transfer of decitabine-modulated MDSCs significantly raised platelet counts compared with that of phosphate buffered saline–modulated MDSCs. However, when LKB1 shRNA-transfected MDSCs were transferred into SCID mice, the therapeutic effect of decitabine in alleviating thrombocytopenia was quenched. In conclusion, our study suggests that the impaired aerobic metabolism of MDSCs is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP, and the modulatory effect of decitabine on MDSC metabolism contributes to the improvement of its immunosuppressive function. This provides a possible mechanism for sustained remission elicited by low-dose decitabine in patients with ITP.
Temporal in vivo platelet labeling in mice reveals age-dependent receptor expression and conservation of specific mRNAs
Authors: Armstrong Paul C. , Allan Harriet E. , Kirkby Nicholas S. , Gutmann Clemens , Joshi Abhishek , Crescente Marilena , Mitchell Jane A. , Mayr Manuel , Warner Timothy D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The proportion of young platelets, also known as newly formed or reticulated, within the overall platelet population has been clinically correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, our understanding of this is incomplete because of limitations in the technical approaches available to study platelets of different ages. In this study, we have developed and validated an in vivo temporal labeling approach using injectable fluorescent antiplatelet antibodies to subdivide platelets by age and assess differences in functional and molecular characteristics. With this approach, we found that young platelets (&lt;24 hours old) in comparison with older platelets respond to stimuli with greater calcium flux and degranulation and contribute more to the formation of thrombi in vitro and in vivo. Sequential sampling confirmed this altered functionality to be independent of platelet size, with distribution of sizes of tracked platelets commensurate with the global platelet population throughout their 5-day lifespan in the circulation. The age-associated decrease in thrombotic function was accompanied by significant decreases in the surface expression of GPVI and CD31 (PECAM-1) and an increase in CD9. Platelet messenger RNA (mRNA) content also decreased with age but at different rates for individual mRNAs indicating apparent conservation of those encoding granule proteins. Our pulse-chase–type approach to define circulating platelet age has allowed timely reexamination of commonly held beliefs regarding size and reactivity of young platelets while providing novel insights into the temporal regulation of receptor and protein expression. Overall, future application of this validated tool will inform age-based platelet heterogeneity in physiology and disease.
Development of quantitative and continuous measure for severity degree of Alzheimer’s disease evaluated from MRI images of 761 human brains
Authors: Kim Sangyeol , Park Seongjun , Chang Iksoo ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease affects profoundly the quality of human behavior and cognition. The very broad distribution of its severity across various human subjects requires the quantitative diagnose of Alzheimer’s disease beyond the conventional tripartite classification of cohorts such as cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The unfolding of such broad distributions by the quantitative and continuous degree of AD severity is necessary for the precise diagnose in the cross-sectional study of different stages in AD.

Results
We conducted the massive reanalysis on MRI images of 761 human brains based on the accumulated bigdata of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The score matrix of cortical thickness profile at cortex points of subjects was constructed by statistically learning the cortical thickness data of 761 human brains. We also developed a new and simple algebraic predictor which provides the quantitative and continuous degree of AD severity of subjects along the scale from 0 for fully CN to 1 for fully AD state. The mathematical measure of a new predictor for the degree of AD severity is presented based on a covariance correlation matrix of cortical thickness profile between human subjects. One can remove the uncertainty in the determination of different stages in AD by the quantitative degree of AD severity and thus go far beyond the tripartite classification of cohorts.

Conclusions
We unfold the nature of broad distribution of AD severity of subjects even within a given cohort by the scale from 0 for fully CN to 1 for fully AD state. The quantitative and continuous degree of AD severity developed in this study would be a good practical measure for diagnosing the different stages in AD severity.
Monitoring daily well-being and meaning-making tendencies among adult child working dementia caregivers: validating an experience sampling study protocol
Authors: Chen Shuangzhou , Liu Huiying , Lou Vivian W. Q. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the experience sampling method offers advantages for gerontological research, it has seldom been applied to examine well-being and meaning-making tendencies among adult children working caregivers of parents with dementia and thus lacks empirical support for such applications. In response, we aimed to validate the proposed protocol’s participation status, feasibility, usability, and ecological validity.MethodsFor 15 consecutive days, 100 adult child working dementia caregivers participated in our study via web-based assessments on their digital devices. The protocol was first adjusted based on a series of pilot interviews with eight volunteer dementia caregivers. Participants’ compliance and preferred times for activities along with the protocol’s feasibility, usability, and ecological validity were evaluated in a follow-up session with all participants.ResultsThe protocol was adjusted in light of recruitment details, user interfaces, the reminder mechanism, and reference time for assessments. The general compliance rate was 93.3%. Preference times for assessments of work (10 a.m. to 3 p.m.), care (6–8 p.m.), and personal activities (7–10 p.m.) were identified. The protocol was generally considered to be feasible and easy to use, and ecological validity analysis indicated that the collected data adequately represented real-world data.ConclusionsOur study provides empirical evidence to support an innovative protocol and evaluate its implementation so that future studies using it can better investigate the relationship between meaning-making tendencies and well-being among adult child working caregivers for parents with dementia.
Ultrasonographic features of cervical lymph node metastases from medullary thyroid cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Ni Xiaofeng , Xu Shangyan , Zhan Weiwei , Zhou Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate sonographic features of cervical lymph node metastases from medullary thyroid cancer (LNM-MTC), as compared with lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer (LNM-PTC).

Methods
A total of 42 MTC patients with 52 metastatic LNs and 222 PTC patients with 234 metastatic LNs who were confirmed by fine needle aspiration and post-operative pathology, were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics and sonographic features of LNs were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on the sonographic features of LNs, including short and long-axis diameter, long-axis diameter/short-axis, shape, border, hilum, echogenicity, calcifications, cystic change and vascularity pattern. The discriminating performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
The mean age of patients with LNM-MTC was older than that of patients with LNM-PTC (46.81 ± 13.05 vs 39.09 ± 12.05, P < 0.001). No differences were observed in gender, location, long-axis diameter/short-axis, shape, border, echogenicity, cystic change and vascularity pattern between LNM-MTC and LNM-PTC groups (P > 0.05, for all). However, long-axis and short-axis diameter, hilum and calcifications were statistically different between these two groups (P < 0.05, for all). The AUC of discriminate value between LNM-MTC and LNM-PTC was 0.808 (95% confidence interval 0.739–0.877).

Conclusion
Compared with LNM-PTC, LNM-MTC tended to have the sonographic characteristics of larger size, absence of hilum, and less calcifications, and awareness of these features might be helpful to in the diagnosis of LNM-MTC.
A diagnosis model in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on PET/MRI radiomics and semiquantitative parameters
Authors: Feng Qi , Liang Jiangtao , Wang Luoyu , Ge Xiuhong , Ding Zhongxiang , Wu Haihong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is of great value in treatment and prognosis. We explored whether a positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) based comprehensive model of radiomics features and semiquantitative parameters was useful for clinical evaluation of NPC staging.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 NPC patients diagnosed with non-keratinized undifferentiated carcinoma were divided into early-stage group (I—II) and advanced-stage group (III—IV) and divided into the training set (n = 70) and the testing set (n = 30). Radiomics features (n = 396 × 2) of the primary site of NPC were extracted from MRI and PET images, respectively. Three major semiquantitative parameters of primary sites including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in all NPC patients were measured. After feature selection, three diagnostic models including the radiomics model, the metabolic parameter model, and the combined model were established using logistic regression model. Finally, internal validation was performed, and a nomogram for NPC comprehensive diagnosis has been made.

Results
The radiomics model and metabolic parameter model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 and 0.80 in the testing set, respectively. The combined model based on radiomics and semiquantitative parameters showed an AUC of 0.90 in the testing set, with the best performance among the three models.

Conclusion
The combined model based on PET/MRI radiomics and semiquantitative parameters is of great value in the evaluation of clinical stage (early-stage group and advanced-stage group) of NPC.