bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Biomass Upgrading of Furfural using Transition‐Metal Borides via Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Xiao Yi , Shen Chen , Zhang Weibin , Zhang Meiling , Zhang Haowen , Shao Taihuan , Xiong Zhengwei , Ding Yingchun , Hao Shu , Liu Li , Chen Yu'an , Li Jinyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic biomass upgrading has proven to be an effective technique for generating value‐added products. Herein, the design and development of furfural upgrading using transition‐metal borides (MBenes) with simultaneous production of hydrogen are presented. Using density functional theory, the stabilities, selectivities, and activities of 13 MBene candidates are systematically evaluated for furfural upgrading. This research suggests that Fe2B2 can serve as a promising electrocatalyst for the formation of furoic acid (FAC), with a limiting potential of −0.15 V, and 5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (HFO), with a limiting potential of −0.93 V. Furthermore, Fe2B2 and Mn2Fe2 are shown to exhibit favorable limiting potentials of −1.35 and −1.36 V, respectively, for producing 6‐hydroxy‐2.3‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrano‐3‐one (HDPO), indicating that they may also serve as electrocatalysts. Based on Sabatier's principle, a descriptor (φ) of material properties is developed for screening catalysts with high catalytic activity considering the electronegativities and d‐electron number of metals. Additionally, surface redox potential, electronic properties, and charge‐density differences are determined for Fe2B2, which is estimated to exhibit high catalytic activity for the oxidation of furfural to FAC and HFO.
In Situ Confining Citric Acid‐Derived Carbon Dots for Full‐Color Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Ding Zhong‐Zheng , Shen Cheng‐Long , Han Jiang‐Fan , Zheng Guang‐Song , Ni Qing‐Chao , Song Run‐Wei , Liu Kai‐Kai , Zang Jin‐Hao , Dong Lin , Lou Qing , Shan Chong‐Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence has received much attention owing to its potential applications in information encryption and bioelectronics. However, the preparation of full‐color single‐component‐derived phosphorescent materials remains a challenge. Herein, a facile in situ confining strategy is proposed to achieve full‐color phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) through rapid microwave‐assisted carbonization of citric acid in NaOH. By tuning the mass ratio of citric acid and NaOH, the obtained CDs exhibit tunable phosphorescence wavelengths ranging from 483 to 635 nm and alterable lifetimes from 58 to 389 ms with a synthesis yield of up to 83.7% (>30 g per synthesis). Theoretical calculations and experimental results confirm that the formation of high‐density ionic bonds between cations and CDs leads to efficient afterglow emission via the dissociation of CD arrangement, and the evolution of the aggregation state of CDs results in redshifted phosphorescence. These findings provide a strategy for the synthesis of new insights into achieving and manipulating room‐temperature phosphorescent CDs, and prospect their applications in labeling and information encryption.
A federated learning attack method based on edge collaboration via cloud
Authors: Yang Jie , Baker Thar , Gill Sukhpal Singh , Yang Xiaochuan , Han Weifeng , Li Yuanzhang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFederated learning (FL) is widely used in edge‐cloud collaborative training due to its distributed architecture and privacy‐preserving properties without sharing local data. FLTrust, the most state‐of‐the‐art FL defense method, is a federated learning defense system with trust guidance. However, we found that FLTrust is not very robust. Therefore, in the edge collaboration scenario, we mainly study the poisoning attack on the FLTrust defense system. Due to the aggregation rule, FLTrust, with trust guidance, the model updates of participants with a significant deviation from the root gradient direction will be eliminated, which makes the poisoning effect on the global model not obvious. To solve this problem, under the premise of not being deleted by the FLTrust aggregation rules, we construct malicious model updates that deviate from the trust gradient to the greatest extent to achieve model poisoning attacks. First, we utilize the rotation of high‐dimensional vectors around axes to construct malicious vectors with fixed orientations. Second, the malicious vector is constructed by the gradient inversion method to achieve an efficient and fast attack. Finally, a method of optimizing random noise is used to construct a malicious vector with a fixed direction. Experimental results show that our attack method reduces the model accuracy by 20%, severely undermining the usability of the model. Attacks are also successful hundreds of times faster than the FLTrust adaptive attack method.
Shear response evaluation of sustainable self‐compacting concrete made up of recycled steel fibers of waste tyres
Authors: Anwar Zeshan , Siddique Iffat , Irfan‐ul‐Hassan Muhammad , Akmal Usman , Sahar Umbreen‐Us , Qureshi Hisham Jahangir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUse of rapidly increasing waste tyres can fetch the demand of green construction as well as prevent priceless land from becoming land dumps. The idea of using heavy traffic vehicle end‐of‐life tyres (HTV‐ELT) steel fibers is implemented to investigate the shear crack propagation and corresponding shear strength evolution of steel fiber‐reinforced green self‐compacting concrete (SFRGSCC). Three different average aspect ratios (25,35,45) mm were employed in two dosages (0.125% and 0.25% of total volume of matrix) in this work. It was determined that with the addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers the rheological properties of SFRGSCC were decreased up to some extent but lies within the limiting value of the European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). The addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers showed a positive impact on postcracking behavior in shear. Interestingly, the experimental results indicated that the addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers increased the ultimate shear strength of SFRGSCC beams as well as the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of SFRGSCC. Whereas the crack width opening was significantly decreased besides controlling the deflection.
Freeze–thaw resistance and sorptivity of fine‐grained alkali‐activated cement concrete
Authors: Tekle Biruk Hailu , Ly Tran Viet , Hertwig Ludwig , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the freeze–thaw resistance and sorptivity behavior of fine‐grained alkali‐activated concrete cured at ambient temperature. A blended binder system containing fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume was used. A combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate was used as an activator. The freeze–thaw resistance was evaluated based on mass loss (scaling), and the extent of internal damage was assessed by testing the ultrasonic time at different cycles. Initial and secondary sorptivity coefficients were calculated based on the cumulative water absorption values at different time intervals. Alkali content, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, and water to binder ratio were investigated. The experimental results showed that water to binder ratio is the most significant parameter for the scaling; higher ratios result in higher scaling. In terms of internal damage, alkali content is the most significant. The increase of alkali increased the amount of internal damage in the concrete. The initial sorptivity coefficient increased with the water and alkali content and decreased with the silicate content. The secondary sorptivity coefficient showed no significant change with the investigated parameters.
Molecular detection and characterisation of Theileria in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County, Southern Iran
Authors: Norouzi Maliheh , Dayer Mohammad Saaid , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTicks are important ectoparasites of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics including Iran. They transmit serious zoonotic pathogens such as Babesia and Theileria. These parasites cause major burden on small ruminants jeopardising livelihoods of rural people in Zarrin Dasht County.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of hard ticks of small ruminants and their piroplasm infection in a bid to contribute to Theileria and/or Babesia detection and control in Zarrin Dasht County of Fars province, Iran.MethodsWe examined 751 sheep and goats from 10 sites of the County during four seasons for hard tick infestation. The collected hard ticks (994) were taxonomically identified before being separately confined in microtubes coded to indicate their species and host animals as well as site and date of collection. In total 50 pooled samples were analysed by PCR technique for Theileria and Babesia infection.ResultsThe identified ticks included Hyalomma marginatum 994/362); 36.4%), Rhipicephalus turanicus 994/352); 35.51%), Hyalomma anatolicum 994/264); 26.6%), Hyalomma dromedarii 994/14); 1.41%) and Hyalomma asiaticum 994/2) 0.2%). Molecular analyses showed that 7 out of 50 pooled sample were infected with piroplasm genome in ticks shared by Theileria ovis (6:50) and Theileria lestoquardi (1:50). Babesia was absent in collected hard ticks.ConclusionsThis is the first report on the presence of piroplasm infection in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County. Theileria ovis was more prevalent than Theileria lestoquardi but Babesia was absent. Piroplasm infection was detected in Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Hyalomma marginatum appears to be more competent to vector Theileria spp. This study may contribute to risk assessment and prevention of epizootic theileriosis in the County.
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and staphylococcal toxin genes of blaTEM‐1a‐producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals in Chongqing, China
Authors: Dong Qingshuang , Wang Qing , Zhang Yun , Chen Yao , Wang Haoju , Ding Honglei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus infection of livestock animals and humans is a major public health issue. There are reports of antimicrobial resistance and multiple staphylococcal superantigen genes in many countries and several provinces of China, but the status in Chongqing, China is uncertain.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and other molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates from livestock animals in Chongqing.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified by selective enrichment and amplification of the nuc gene from 1371 samples collected at farms in Chongqing. The agar dilution method was used to determine the resistant phenotype, and extended spectrum β‐lactamase genes were amplified by PCR. Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus was verified by the presence of the mecA gene, and the presence or absence of SE, SEl, and TSST‐1 genes was detected in the isolates.ResultsWe cultured 89 S. aureus isolates from 1371 samples between March 2014 and December 2017. These isolates were from pigs, cattle, goats, rabbits, and chickens. There were four methicillin‐resistant S. aureus strains (three from pigs and one from a chicken). The 89 isolates had high resistance to penicillin (93.3%) and ampicillin (92.1%), but most were susceptible to amikacin and ofloxacin, with resistance rates below 10%. A total of 62.9% of the isolates had varying degrees of multidrug resistance. Almost all strains, except for three isolates from chickens, were positive for blaTEM‐1a. There were 19 of 20 tested staphylococcal SE/SEl/TSST‐1 genes present (all except for seq), and the predominant genes were sei (58.4%), tst‐1 (56.2%), and seg (51.7%).ConclusionsThe high antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of blaTEM‐1a reinforce the need to reduce the usage of antimicrobials in livestock. The universal existence of staphylococcal toxin genes implies a potential threat to public health by animal‐to‐human transmission via the food chain.
Effects of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) Supplementation on production performance, egg quality traits, and biochemical parameters of blood and egg in laying hens at later stages of the production period
Authors: Mosayyeb Zadeh Amir , Mirghelenj Seyyed Ali , Hasanlou Peyman , Shakouri Alishah Hossein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the promising outcomes acquired in recent studies that focused on using natural feed additives in animal nutrition, poultry nutritionists have also been interested in investigating these medicinal herbs' effects on poultry performance and egg characteristics. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), a natural source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, etc. compounds, is recommended as a potential alternative for antibiotics, with similar benefits and no adverse effects on animal health or their products. Considerable effects have been reported on laying hens’ performance and their eggs’ internal and external traits by pennyroyal inclusion in their diets.ObjectivesDue to the different results reported by pennyroyal inclusion in laying hens’ diets in recent limited studies, this study was designed to reinvestigate the impacts of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) supplementation (PS) on productive performance, egg quality traits, and biochemical compounds in blood and egg yolk in aged laying hens. The findings of this experiment may help for a better understanding of PS impacts on desired parameters, along with improving aged laying hens’ performance.Materials and MethodsA total of 144 Leghorn (Hyline‐W36 strain) laying hens (53 weeks old) were used to investigate the effects of PS on performance, egg quality, and biochemical parameters of blood and egg yolk in old laying hens. The animals were distributed into three treatment groups; including a control diet (without PS), 0.5%, and 1% PS diets with six replicates and eight birds per replicate.ResultsThe results indicated that the egg production rate (except for week eight) and egg mass were significantly reduced by PS in the laying hens’ diet during the first four weeks and the total period of the experiment (P<0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio increased by PS (P<0.05). Based on the egg quality trait evaluations (week 4), the yolk percentage, yolk height, and yolk index reduced, while shell‐breaking strength represented a significant increase in PS groups (P<0.05). However, shell thickness and albumen percentage reduced and increased by 1% PS, respectively (P<0.05). At week eight, the Haugh unit reduced while the albumen pH increased by PS (P<0.05). The findings revealed a decline in the egg density in 1% PS groups (P<0.05). In the case of serum biochemical parameters, alanine aminotransferase increased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reduced in the PS groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the triglyceride levels of both serum and egg yolk (accompanied by the very low‐density lipoprotein level of serum) decreased by PS (P<0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, PS reduced serum and egg yolk triglyceride levels, accompanied by serum MDA, along with reducing production performance.
Does lesion type or severity predict outcome of therapy for horses with equine glandular gastric disease? – A retrospective study
Authors: Pratt S. L. , Bowen M. , Hallowell G. H. , Shipman E. , Bailey J. , Redpath A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common condition of the horse. Misoprostol is reported to be superior to oral omeprazole and sucralfate for treatment. Long‐acting intramuscular injectable omeprazole (LAIOMEP) is a novel treatment shown to be effective in a small population.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine LAIOMEP efficacy compared to misoprostol and oral omeprazole and identify characteristics that predict treatment outcome.MethodsAll horses that underwent gastroscopy between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Lesions were characterised by 4 blinded observers, all of whom are diplomates in equine internal medicine, using established descriptors from the ECEIM consensus statement and subjective severity. Treatment outcome was ranked as worsened, improved or healed. Consensus lesion type, lesion severity and treatment choice were compared to outcome and data screened using univariate analysis (chi‐squared) to determine whether each predicted outcome. Lesion types where univariate analysis predicted a trend (p<0.2) were included in a multiple‐regression analysis to identify predictors of outcome irrespective of treatment.ResultsOnly severity significantly predicted final outcome (p = 0.025) with severe lesions being more likely to improve. Treatment choice did not significantly predict outcome. Overall healing rate was 29% (24 horses), and 43% (44 horses) improved. Treatment healing rates were 23% (10), 12% (7) and 27% (7) for LAIOMEP, misoprostol and oral omeprazole, respectively, with improvement in 69% (14), 76% (21) and 61% (9). 64% of the latter group received sucralfate. Worsening occurred in 7% (6). Treatment length varied with a median of 4 weeks (range 4–20 weeks).ConclusionsThis study showed poorer therapy outcome compared to previous studies. The only initial lesion descriptor to predict outcome was severity and treatment choice did not affect outcome.
Effect of temperature‐responsive hydrogel on femoral and sciatic nerve blocks using bupivacaine in Beagle dogs
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Kim Dalhae , Shin Donghwi , Sung Taehoon , Rhee Suehyung , Kim Minha , Nam Changhun , Lee Inhyung , Son Won‐Gyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the duration of regional anesthesia of the pelvic limb using bupivacaine with and without a temperature‐responsive hydrogel (TRH) in dogs.MethodsUnder anesthesia using medetomidine (10 μg·kg−1), alfaxalone (2 mg·kg−1), and isoflurane, seven healthy male Beagles received four injections of 0.5% bupivacaine (1 mg·kg−1 with 5 μg·ml−1 epinephrine) to block the femoral and sciatic nerves bilaterally via ultrasound with nerve stimulation guidance. Bupivacaine was used on one pelvic limb (Bup treatment), and bupivacaine with TRH was used on the contralateral limb (Bup‐TRH treatment). The nerve block was considered successful upon the absence of responses to pinching the digital pads and mid‐tibial skin of both pelvic limbs with mosquito forceps; the pinch, proprioception, and locomotion tests were performed before (baseline) and at each hour after the nerve block until sensory and motor functions returned to baseline. The effect of TRH on nerve blocks was analyzed using a linear mixed model.ResultsThe duration of the sensory nerve block at the digital pads and mid‐tibial skin was longer with Bup‐TRH (8.0 ± 1.6 h and 10.9 ± 1.6 h, respectively) than with Bup treatment (3.7 ± 2.0 h and 8.0 ± 1.6 h, respectively). Motor block times of proprioception and locomotion were longer with Bup‐TRH (9.3 ± 1.6 and 12.7 ± 1.5 h, respectively) than with Bup treatment (4.6 ± 1.9 and 9.6 ± 1.5 h, respectively). No complications were observed.Clinical significanceTRH extended the duration of regional anesthesia of the pelvic limb using bupivacaine.
Exact solutions of the stochastic Maccari system forced by multiplicative noise
Authors: Al‐Askar Farah M. , Mohammed Wael W. , Aly E. S. , EL‐Morshedy M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the Itô sense, we look at the stochastic Maccari system (SMS) with multiplicative noise. To generate new analytical stochastic solutions, we use three separate techniques including sine‐cosine, Riccati‐Bernoulli sub‐ODE, and semi‐inverse. Such solutions are critical for comprehending some fascinating and complex physical phenomena. In addition, some results from earlier studies are generalized. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of stochastic term on the exact solutions of the SMS.
Two‐phase states of the generalized van der Waals gas: Conditions of absolute and neutral shock wave stability
Authors: Blokhin Alexander M. , Rudometova Anna S. , Tkachev Dmitry L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work we discuss an approach to the construction of the areas of two‐phase states for real gases, state equations for which are from the article by Fogelson and Likhachev in 2004 and formulate conditions that define absolute and neutral stability of the shock waves.
Nachfolge in Familienunternehmen
Authors: Fries Martin , Deutlmoser Ralf 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungErbrechtliche Streitigkeiten sind besonders komplex, wenn zum Nachlass ein Unternehmen oder Unternehmensanteile gehören, denn diese Vermögenspositionen sind regelmäßig mit großer gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung verbunden. Die dabei aufkommenden erbrechtlichen und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Fragen sind auf dem klassischen Rechtsweg schier unlösbar. Umso wichtiger ist deswegen eine frühzeitige, interessenorientierte Planung der Unternehmensnachfolge. Wie im klassischen Erbstreit lassen sich auch hier die Methoden der Mediation fruchtbar machen, und zwar einerseits bei der Nachfolgeplanung noch zu Lebzeiten der Erblasserin, andererseits aber auch bei Unstimmigkeiten zwischen ihren Nachfahren nach ihrem Tod.
Reduction Principle of Ajtai
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , Tian Kun , Liu Fengxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 1996, the famous scholar Ajtai proposed the reduction principle from the worst case to the average case at the 28th Summer Symposium of the American Computer Society (ACM), named the Ajtai reduction principle [see Ajtai (1996), Ajtai (1999) and Ajtai and Dwork (1997)]. Subsequently, Ajtai and Dwork presented the first lattice-based cryptosystem, which is called the Ajtai-Dwork cryptosystem in the academic circles. The proof of this cryptosystem resisting Shor’s quantum computing is to apply Ajtai reduction principle to transform searching for collision points of the Hash function into the SIS problem, and Ajtai reduction principle proves that the difficulty of solving the SIS problem is polynomially equivalent to the shortest vector problem on lattice. The main purpose of this chapter is to prove the Ajtai reduction principle.
Learning with Error
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , Tian Kun , Liu Fengxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLearning with error was proposed by O. Regev in 2005 (see Regev, 2009), which can be regarded as a dual form of SIS problem. LWE has very important applications in modern cryptography, such as LWE-based fully homomorphic encryption. The main purpose of this chapter is to explain the mathematical principles of the LWE problem in detail, especially the polynomial equivalence between the average LWE problem and the hard problems on lattice, which is one generalization of the Ajtai reduction principle and solves the computational complexity of the LWE problem effectively.
Cyclic Lattices and Ideal Lattices
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , Tian Kun , Liu Fengxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCyclic lattices and ideal lattices were introduced by Micciancio in [45], Lyubashevsky and Micciancio in [40], respectively, which play an efficient role in Ajtai’s construction of a collision-resistant Hash function and in Gentry’s construction of fully homomorphic encryption [22]. Let $$R=\mathbb {Z}[x]/<\phi (x)>$$ be a quotient ring of the integer coefficients polynomials ring, Lyubashevsky and Micciancio regarded an ideal lattice as the correspondence of an ideal of R, but they neither explain how to extend this definition to whole Euclidean space $$\mathbb {R}^n$$, nor exhibit the relationship of cyclic lattices and ideal lattices. In this chapter, we regard the cyclic lattices and ideal lattices as the correspondences of finitely generated R-modules, so that we may show that ideal lattices are actually a special subclass of cyclic lattices, namely cyclic integer lattices. It is worth noting that we use more general rotation matrix here, so our definition and results on cyclic lattices and ideal lattices are more general forms. As application, we provide cyclic lattice with an explicit and countable upper bound for the smoothing parameter. Our results may be viewed as a substantial progress in this direction.