bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Panóptico de Sauron: Poder e Vigilância no Senhor dos Anéis de J.R.R. Tolkien
Authors: Ramos Hugo Filipe 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo é dedicado aos Estudos de Vigilância e à sua aplicação à obra de Tolkien, Senhor dos Anéis. Nesta análise, é feita uma introdução histórica aos Estudos de Vigilância, uma contextualização histórica e social do autor, identificando, na narrativa em discussão, reflexos de uma sociedade conturbada e, por fim, um enquadramento teórico e social dos Estudos de Vigilância ao “mundo secundário” da Terra Média , demonstrando os paralelismos entre as teorias dos irmãos Bentham e Foucault e as relações de poder presentes nesta região do mundo metafísico do imaginário de Tolkien.
No final do artigo, são ainda analisadas duas vertentes das teorias do poder, o poder da retórica e a resistência ou contra-poder, também presentes na Terra Média, assumindo, a par das relações de poder, várias representações simbólicas.
Framing the Financial Crisis: An unexpected interaction between the government and the press
Authors: Falasca Kajsa 
Published: August 2022

This study explores the dynamic interaction between government and news media in the frame-building process, the process of shaping journalistic news frames, during the financial crisis that erupted in September 2008. The unexpected as well as event-driven character of the financial crisis is expected to create dynamics that challenge journalists’ dependence on powerful political actors as the national government by opening up the news gate wider to various voices and perspectives. However, the findings of this study indicate unexpected results as the government dominates the frame-building process.
In order to empirically explore the frame-building process, this paper employs framing theory to analyse political actors’ messages and news media coverage. The study employs two sets of data, the first a content analysis of news coverage and the second a content analysis of political messages, during a three month period in Sweden following the eruption of the financial crisis. Overall, the results of this study indicate that powerful political actors’ ability to influence frame-building follows the predictable pattern of indexing also during an unexpected event thus limiting press independence.
«My Friends are my Audience»: Mass-mediation of Personal Content and Relations in Facebook
Authors: Pedroni Marco , Pasquali Francesca , Carlo Simone 
Published: August 2022

Facebook identity management implies a selective front and backstage: users perform multiple social roles for a multiple spectator audience (boyd 2008). But as friend lists increase and the discussion about sensitive topics becomes more critical, people tend to protect their image by dealing only with content that may be interesting to all their contacts (Hogan, 2010).
Starting from field research on Italian users (40 in-depth interviews with Facebook users aged 14-55), this paper discusses the idea of Facebook as a place where people are engaged in building their social relations and their self-representation by managing their online presence in a way that can be both intriguing and acceptable for most of their contacts.
The paper will highlight the strategies of content homogenization and the online behavior adopted by users according to their perceptions of their «imagined audience» (Litt, 2012).
The article aims at underlining that Facebook use is surprisingly consistent with mass-media and generalist-media cultural models: users seem to apply models of television spectatoriality, not only in terms of passivity (lurking), but also in terms of consumption (skipping uninteresting content) and content production performed for a generalist audience (developing a distinctive and acceptable style of interaction).
Dynamics and development of secret services in the context of political changes in Poland
Authors: Wojsz Tomasz 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the study: This publication aims to examine, through critical analysis, the literature, the dynamics, the historical outline, the development and role of the secret services, which were an important element in the context of political changes in Poland and the world.
Methodology: The paper was prepared with the use of the critical literature review method mainly in the field of secret services in the context of political changes in Poland.
Main findings: The purpose of the service in Poland is to ensure a sense of security, protect the interests of the state, and protect the interests of the state. Therefore, the institutions monitor and facilitate the removal of threats, work, art, title, and a given territory. Suitable for suitable services.
Application of the study: The presented scientific research relates to the legal sciences relating to the field of research in the field of national security, and defence.
Originality/Novelty of the study: The research attempted to indicate a description and a special distinction between services, their functions and the place of services in the social and political reality, the purpose of which is to ensure broadly understood national security.
The impact of US peacekeeping activities on the security of European Union Countries
Authors: Wojsz Tomasz 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the study: This scientific publication aims to analyse military strategy in the context of political and social conditions as a reaction to the events of 11 September 2001.
Methodology: Based on the resources of the Internet and a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, a detailed analysis, dynamics and development of the military strategy of the US and EU services was made against the background of historical events, in the context of peacekeeping missions. Taking into account the effectiveness of the implemented peacekeeping missions concerning the security of EU countries.
Main findings: Cooperation between the US and EU countries affects the sense of security, with appropriate diplomacy, shaping a positive image of the state, concluding international agreements, implementing the assumptions of cooperation, and supporting countries on many levels, including the military.
Application of the study: The presented research relates to the legal sciences with a specific reference to the research field in the field of national security and defence.
Original/Novelty of the study: The research analyzed the effectiveness of the activities carried out and its impact on the population of a given country as part of peacekeeping missions. However, as a result of a critical analysis of the scientific literature, certain conclusions were systematized in relation to the strategies that influenced the shaping of the present reality within the European Union countries.
Use of a MAIT Activating Ligand, 5-OP-RU, as a Mucosal Adjuvant in a Murine Model of Vibrio cholerae O1 Vaccination
Authors: Jensen Owen , Trivedi Shubhanshi , Li Kelin , Aubé Jeffrey , Hale J. Scott , Ryan Edward T. , Leung Daniel T 
Published: August 2022

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells enriched in the mucosa with capacity for B-cell help. We hypothesize that targeting MAIT cells, using a MAIT-activating ligand as an adjuvant, could improve mucosal vaccine responses to bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae. Methods: We utilized murine models of V. cholerae vaccination to test the adjuvant potential of the MAIT-activating ligand, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU). We measured V. cholerae-specific antibody and antibody-secreting cell responses and used flow cytometry to examine MAIT-cell and B-cell phenotype, in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mucosal tissues, following intranasal vaccination with live V. cholerae O1 or a V. cholerae O1 polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Results: We report significant expansion of MAIT cells in the lungs (P < 0.001) and BALF (P < 0.001) of 5-OP-RU treated mice, and higher mucosal (BALF, P = 0.045) but not systemic (serum, P = 0.21) V. cholerae O-specific-polysaccharide IgG responses in our conjugate vaccine model when adjuvanted with low-dose 5-OP-RU. In contrast, despite significant MAIT cell expansion, no significant differences in V. cholerae-specific humoral responses were found in our live V. cholerae vaccination model. Conclusions: Using a murine model, we demonstrate the potential, as well as the limitations, of targeting MAIT cells to improve antibody responses to mucosal cholera vaccines. Our study highlights the need for future research optimizing MAIT-cell targeting for improving mucosal vaccines.
The Role of Flatness Index of Inferior Vena Cava in Early Hypovolemic Shock Concerning Blunt Torso Trauma Patients
Authors: KAVAK Nezih , ERTAN Nurcan , SEKİ Ahmet , ÖZDEMİR Meltem , KAVAK Rasime Pelin 
Published: August 2022

AIM: Our aim is to evaluate the role of flatness of index of Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) with early hypovolemic shock in blunt torso trauma patients.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the computed tomography (CT) scan, patients with flatness index below 2 were considered as flat IVC patients, and those with 2 or more were considered as non-flattened IVC patients. Demographic data, comorbidities, trauma mechanism, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), lactate level, base excess, shock index (SI), clinical outcomes within 24 hours, and mortality of the flat IVC patients and non-flattened IVC patients were compared.
RESULTS: 116 (30.6%) were found to have a flat IVC and 263 (69.4%) patients were found to have a non-flattened IVC. There was no significant difference between flat IVC patients and non-flattened IVC patients in terms of age, gender, comorbidity, and trauma mechanism (p>0.05). Flat IVC patients had a higher SI of 0.9 and above (p
Optimalisasi waktu tunggu mobil pada lampu merah di tiga persimpangan di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Atmadji Eko , Syukron Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose – This study examines economic inefficiencies at three intersections, the Tugu Jogja intersection on Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro, the Demangan Gejayan market intersection on Jl. Urip Sumoharjo and Mirota intersection UGM Campus on Jl. Terban.
Methods – Primary data collection is carried out directly in the study area by collecting variables on the average number of vehicles at the traffic light, the distance of the last vehicle queue in the red signal period, the number of vehicles that pass in the green signal period and the waiting time for vehicles in the last queue.
Findings – The main result of this study is that the length of time the current green and red lights are on is considered too long.
Implication – This study also proposes the length of time for the green and red lights to be turned on in the morning, afternoon, and evening as well as on weekdays and weekends in the three research locations.
Originality – This study contributes to analyzing economic efficiency by using direct surveys.

Abstrak
Tujuan – Studi ini meneliti ketidakefisienan ekonomi di tiga persimpangan yaitu simpang Tugu Jogja di Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro, simpang pasar Demangan Gejayan di Jl. Urip Sumoharjo dan simpang Mirota Kampus UGM di Jl. Terban. Pemilihan ini karena dinilai sebagai pusat aktivitas perkantoran, pendidikan, usaha masyarakat, dan pariwisata sehingga berdampak pada kemacetan yang sangat tinggi.
Metode – Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan secara langsung pada daerah studi dengan mengumpulkan variabel rata-rata jumlah kendaraan pada traffic light, jarak antrian kendaraan terakhir pada periode sinyal merah, jumlah kendaraan lolos pada periode sinyal hijau dan waktu tunggu kendaraan pada antrian terakhir.
Temuan – Hasil dari studi ini yang utama adalah lama waktu nyala lampu hijau dan merah yang sekarang terjadi dirasa terlalu lama.
Implikasi – Studi ini juga memberikan usulan lama waktu penyalaan lampu hijau dan merah di waktu pagi, siang, dan sore hari serta di waktu hari kerja dan akhir minggu di tiga lokasi penelitian.
Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk menganalisis efisiensi ekonomi dengan menggunakan survey langsung.
Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor batubara Indonesia tahun 2015-2020
Authors: Purwanto Verry Setiyawan , Artiani Listya Endang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose – This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing what factors affect the volume of Indonesian coal exports to export destination countries, namely Malaysia, South Korea, China, India and Fillipina from 2015-2020.
Methods – The data analysis method used is the panel data regression method with the export volume variable as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of the destination country, the exchange rate (exchange rate), and the price of coal.
Findings – Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Malaysia, South Korea, China, Fillipina and has a significant influence on the volume of Indonesian coal exports. The exchange rate has no significant effect on the volume of Indonesia's coal exports. Coal prices of export destination countries have a significant effect on Indonesia's coal export volume
Implication – The results of this study have the implication that the internal factors of the main destination countries for Indonesian coal exports in the form of GDP per capita and domestic coal prices determine the volume of Indonesian coal exports.
Originality – The contribution of this study was to use panel data from the main destination countries for Indonesia's coal exports.

Abstrak
Tujuan – Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke negara tujuan ekspor yaitu Malaysia, Korea Selatan, China, India dan Fillipina dari tahun 2015-2020.
Metode – Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode regresi data panel dengan variabel volume ekspor sebagai variabel dependen, dan variabel independennya adalah Gross Domestik Products (GDP) negara tujuan, nilai tukar (kurs), dan harga batu bara.
Temuan – Gross domestic product (GDP) per kapita negara Malaysia, Korea Selatan, China, Fillipina dan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia. Nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia. Harga batu bara negara tujuan ekspor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia.
Implikasi – Hasil penelitian ini mempunyai implikasi bahwa faktor internal negara tujuan utama ekspor Batubara Indonesia berupa GDP per kapita dan harga batubara domestik menentukan volume ekspor batubara Indonesia.
Orisinalitas – Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data panel negara tujuan utama ekspor batubara Indonesia.
Improved Unet in Lithology Identification of Coal Measure Strata
Authors: Shi Suzhen , Li Mingxuan , Gao Weixu , Shi Guifei , Bai Jiebin , Zuo Jianping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The lithology of underground formations can be determined using logging data, which is important for a variety of subsurface geoscience and industrial applications. Deep learning technology offers the advantage of discovering a potential relationship between input and output variables, making it a great choice for generating fast and cost-effective lithology classification models. To automatically characterize lithologies, a multiclass image segmentation problem is considered and an improved Unet as a solution is adopted. The model’s input data is two-dimensional images composed of rock feature data at different depths, and the outcome is a result of one-dimensional rock lithology classification. The algorithm’s practicality was tested using the logging data set from the Xinjing mining area in Shanxi Province, in north-central China, and an open-source data set of Canadian strata. Our model is tested against the 1D-convolutional neural network (CNN) and XGBoost algorithms using a good logging data set of the same depth and different depths for testing. The results show that the improved Unet method outperforms the 1D-CNN and XGBoost algorithms in the classification of rock lithologies. This algorithm has high application potential in the automatic interpretation of rock lithologies.
Assessment of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models in health systems in least developed, low income and lower-middle-income countries and territories: A protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Naznin Baby , Quayyum Zahidul , Tajree Jannatun , Barua Deepa , Ahsan Maisha , Kabir Faisal , Joshi Deepak , Kakchapati Sampurna , Sibeudu Florence , Onuh Juliana , Ajaero Chukwuedozie , Okeke Chinyere , Agwu Prince , Ogbozor Pamela Adaobi , Engmann Abena , Ebenso Bassey , Golder Su , Vidyasagaran Aishwarya , Elsey Helen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Private sectors play a significant role in health provision along with the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Given the limited resources of the public sector, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are considered a good solution to address our growing public health challenges. But inadequate assessment of various health-related PPPs have resulted in a failure to gather knowledge and evidence that would facilitate the establishment of effective partnerships, sustain and systematize them over time, as well as determine the role of PPPs in health system strengthening, particularly in terms of urban health provision. The objective of this research is to systematically review the effectiveness of PPPs on the utilization of urban health provision to achieve health outcomes in the urban contexts of least developed, low income, and lower-middle-income countries and territories.
Methods
This systematic review will follow PRISMA-P guidelines for reporting. Relevant databases ─ EMBASE, MEDLINE, Health Management Information Consortium, Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Emerging Sources, CENTRAL, 3ie, Database of disability and inclusion information resources, and WHO Library Database – will be searched for published articles in the urban context. Reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and commentaries and citations of key included studies will be checked for additional studies. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies in Covidence following the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data will be thematically analysed and narratively synthesised.
Discussion
This review will comprehensively assess and appraise all the existing PPP models for urban health provision in the least developed, low income, and lower-middle-income countries and territories. The findings of the review will help to understand the modalities of the existing health related PPPs in urban areas, their functionalities and their contribution in achieving health outcomes.
Protocol Registration:
This protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (ID-CRD42021289509, 23 November 2021).
Exploring major reported themes in corporate sustainability disclosures integrating the sustainable development goals: an analysis of Sri Lankan listed firms
Authors: Soysa R.N.K. , Pallegedara Asankha , Kumara Ajantha Sisira , Jayasena D.M. , Samaranayake M.K.S.M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the existence of sustainability reporting guidelines integrating the sustainability goals (SDGs), the adaption of these guidelines may vary due to various reasons in different country settings. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the key disclosure themes in the corporate sustainability reports of Sri Lanka integrating the SDGs. The thematic content analysis technique is employed to identify the disclosed themes of the top 25 firms listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) in the year 2019. Four major themes are identified as the major reported themes in the sustainability reports of the selected firms. The results further reveal that, firms tend to report more information on content related to human resources followed by capital-related content, while they report less information on content related to natural resources and technology. The research findings would be valuable in increasing awareness and setting up minimum reporting standards as strategies to improve the practise of corporate sustainability reporting in Sri Lanka.
Higher pre-treatment skin sympathetic nerve activity and elevated resting heart rate after chemoradiotherapy predict worse esophageal cancer outcomes
Authors: Tang Chen-Ling , Tsai Wei-Chung , Lee Jui-Ying , Wang Yao-Kuang , Chen Yi-Hsun , Liu Yu-Wei , Lin Ming-Chieh , Fang Pen-Tzu , Huang Yu-Ling , Wu I-Chen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which might affect the autonomic system, is the mainstay therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Autonomic dysfunction has been found to possibly lead to cancer mortality in those with elevated resting heart rates (RHR). Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) is a new method of stimulating electrical signals in skin to evaluate autonomic function from sympathetic tone. In this study, we investigated the association between changes in RHR and autonomic function and ESCC mortality.
Methods
Thirty-nine stage II-IV ESCC patients receiving CRT between March 2019 and November 2020 were prospectively enrolled and carefully selected, followed up and received the same meticulous supportive care. Serial RHR was recorded every two weeks from before CRT to eight weeks after CRT and average SKNA were recorded before and four weeks after CRT. All-cause mortality was defined as primary outcome.
Results
We found the RHR of ESCC patients to be significantly elevated and peaking at four weeks after CRT (p < 0.001) and then to gradually decrease. Those with an elevated RHR above the cutoff level (18 beat-per-minute) at eight weeks after CRT had worse overall survival. In addition, those with higher baseline sympathetic tone (average SKNA ≥ 0.86µV) also had poor outcome.
Conclusions
Increased pre-treatment sympathetic tone and elevated RHR after CRT are alarm signs of poor ESCC outcome. Further exploration of the mechanisms underlying these associations could potentially lead to intervention strategies for reducing mortality.
Trial registration:
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03243448.
Normal Spirometry Prediction Equations for the Iranian population
Authors: Sahebi Leyla , Rahimi Besharat , Shariat Mamak , Hosseini Mohsen , Mousavy Seyyed Hosein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to establish normative spirometric equations in a healthy population of Iranian children and adults, and compare these equations with those developed by the Caucasian Global Lung Initiative (GLI) for the first time.Methods:Spirometric data from healthy Iranian aged 4–82 years sampled in 2019 were used to derive reference equations using the generalized additive model for location (mu), shape (lambda), and scale (sigma).Results:A total of 418 females and 204 males were included in the study. Applying the GLI standards for the Iranian population resulted from the Z scores of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75%was not different from zero. Based on the newly calculated LLN, eleven individuals showed significant values below the LLN for FEV1/FVC. In all age groups, this frequency was less than 5%, except for men over 70 years of age, which was 12.5%. There are significant differences between new data and GLI for Caucasian data.Conclusions:It is recommended that the values and equations generated from this study should be used by physicians and technicians in their routine practice for the diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary disorders.