bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AD and non‐AD mediators of the pathway between the APOE genotype and cognition
Authors: Nichols Emma , Brickman Adam M. , Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Dams‐O'Connor Kristen , George Kristen M. , Kumar Raj G. , Palta Priya , Rabin Jennifer S. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Schneider Julie , Pa Judy , La Joie Renaud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is a driver of cognitive decline and dementia. We used causal mediation methods to characterize pathways linking the APOE genotype to late‐life cognition through Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non‐AD neuropathologies.MethodsWe analyzed autopsy data from 1671 individuals from the Religious Orders Study, Memory and Aging Project, and Minority Aging Research Study (ROS/MAP/MARS) studies with cognitive assessment within 5 years of death and autopsy measures of AD (amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles), vascular (athero/arteriolo‐sclerosis, micro‐infarcts/macro‐infarcts), and non‐AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies (TAR DNA protein 43 [TDP‐43], Lewy bodies, amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis).ResultsThe detrimental effect of APOE ε4 on cognition was mediated by summary measures of AD and non‐AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies but not vascular neuropathologies; effects were strongest in individuals with dementia. The protective effect of APOE ε2 was partly mediated by AD neuropathology and stronger in women than in men.DiscussionThe APOE genotype influences cognition and dementia through multiple neuropathological pathways, with implications for different therapeutic strategies targeting people at increased risk for dementia.Highlights
Both apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and APOE ε4 effects on late‐life cognition are mediated by AD neuropathology.
The estimated mediated effects of most measures of AD neuropathology were similar.
Non–Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegenerative pathologies mediate the effect of ε4 independently from AD.
Non‐AD vascular pathologies did not mediate the effect of the APOE genotype on cognition.
The protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition was stronger in women.
Lipid droplets, the Holy Grail of hepatic stellate cells: In health and hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Wu Catherine , Cheng Christopher P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are distinct morphological markers of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). They are composed of a core of predominantly retinyl esters and triacylglycerols surrounded by a phospholipid layer; the latter harbors perilipins 2, 3, and 5, which help control LD lipolysis. Electron microscopy distinguishes between Types I and II LDs. Type I LDs are surrounded by acid phosphatase‐positive lysosomes, which likely digest LDs. LD count and retinoid concentration are modulated by vitamin A intake. Alcohol consumption depletes hepatic retinoids and HSC LDs, with concomitant transformation of HSCs to fibrogenic myofibroblast‐like cells. LD loss and accompanying HSC activation occur in HSC cell culture models. Loss of LDs is a consequence of and not a prerequisite for HSC activation. LDs are endowed with enzymes for synthesizing retinyl esters and triacylglycerols as well as neutral lipases and lysosomal acid lipase for breaking down LDs. HSCs have two distinct metabolic LD pools: an “original” pool in quiescent HSCs and a “new” pool emerging in HSC activation; this two‐pool model provides a platform for analyzing LD dynamics in HSC activation. Besides lipolysis, LDs are degraded by lipophagy; however, the coordination between and relative contributions of these two pathways to LD removal are unclear. While induction of autophagy accelerates LD loss in quiescent HSCs and promotes HSC activation, blocking autophagy impairs LD degradation and inhibits HSC activation and fibrosis. This article is a critique of five decades of investigations into the morphology, molecular structure, synthesis, and degradation of LDs associated with HSC activation and fibrosis.
Network‐to‐network bipartite consensus under event‐triggered control over heterogeneous topologies
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Chen Xia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the event‐triggered control scheme for network‐to‐network consensus problem over heterogeneous topologies. The cooperative‐competitive interactions among agents are considered. A distributed event‐triggered control mechanism for the multi‐agent system is proposed without requiring continuous inter‐neighboring communications. Time‐dependent triggering conditions are presented. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the matrix, and the algebraic graph theory, bipartite consensus is proved, and Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, simulations are provided to prove the effectiveness of the obtained results.
The network structure of the Special Interests Survey
Authors: Brown Cynthia E. , Beauchamp Marshall T. , Nowell Kerri P. , Bernardin Courtney J. , Kanne Stephen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the prevalence of special interests (SIs) in autistic youth, research on SIs and how they are characterized is limited. Indeed, a significant challenge in identifying and classifying SIs lies in capturing the vast and diverse scope of potential interests in this population. The recently developed Special Interest Survey (SIS) is a caregiver‐report measure to improve SI characterization by capturing a broad range of past and current SIs. In the present study, we performed a network analysis of the SIS to examine relations between SIs and identify distinct interest clusters. We analyzed data from 1992 caregivers of autistic youths who completed the SIS. The network of SIs was densely interconnected, characterized by six communities of interests: Fact‐seeking, Engineering, Order‐seeking, Object Attachment, Entertainment, and Scholarly Pursuits. Findings suggest that the structure of the observed network is likely to generalize to similar samples. Of all the SIs and their respective communities, behaviors related to Fact‐seeking were identified as the most central, meaning that endorsement of these interests was most strongly related to co‐endorsement of other SIs. These findings lay the groundwork for future work on SIs, such as improved assessment techniques and linkage of SIs to a broad range of demographic variables, youth characteristics, and autism symptoms.
One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults
Authors: Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth P. , Radhoe Tulsi A. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Geurts Hilde M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group‐based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre‐registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non‐autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20–85 years, mean: 50 years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non‐autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non‐autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people.
Anti‐ovarian cancer potential, in silico studies, and anti‐Alzheimer's disease effects of some natural compounds as cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Fu Meng , Ji Chaofeng , Yang Tao , Mao Fenqin , Shati Ali A. , El‐Kott Attala F. , El‐Maksoud Mona M. Abd , Negm Sally , Ji Yanlan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer ranks seventh in the most common malignant tumors in females and seriously threatens women's reproductive health. Natural sources may lead to basic research on potential bioactive components as lead compounds in drug discovery and, ultimately, therapeutic treatments for ovarian cancer and other diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ovarian cancer are complex diseases of aging that impose an enormous public health burden worldwide. Additionally, people with AD have low levels of acetylcholine in their brains. Enzymes called cholinesterases break down acetylcholine in the brain. If their action is inhibited, more acetylcholine is available for communication among brain cells. In this study, pregnanolone, diethylstilbestrol (DES), flavokawain C, and methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate molecules obtained excellent‐to‐good inhibitory against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes with IC50 values ranging between 77.18 ± 8.62 to 461.35 ± 28.54 μM for AChE and 23.86 ± 4.07 to 306.62 ± 32.46 μM for BuChE. The calculations revealed the probable interactions and their characteristics at an atomic level. Indeed, the docking scores of DES, flavokawain C, pregnanolone, and methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate for AChE are −6.685, −6.247, −6.672, and −5.183 (kcal/mol), respectively. This value for the compounds against BuChE is −6.042, −8.851, −5.655, and −5.898 (kcal/mol), respectively. Additionally, these compounds significantly decreased ovarian cancer cell viability. Additionally, 100 μM dose of all molecules caused good reductions in ovarian cancer cell viability.
Reference centers for tissue and body donations: Compulsory requirements in Italy
Authors: Boscolo‐Berto Rafael , Porzionato Andrea , Stecco Carla , Macchi Veronica , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent Italian legislation (Law No. 10/2020) establishes the legal, ethical and technical requirements governing how individuals can donate their bodies or tissues post‐mortem for study, training, and scientific research purposes. A ministerial working group has recently approved some of the law's implementing rules relating to technical issues. The rules for implementing the new legislation, retrieved from the legal databases and translated into English, are discussed. For the first time in Italy, the law establishes compulsory requirements and minimum characteristics—in terms of logistics, safety, availability of staff, space, and equipment—for institutions to be recognized as reference centers for the conservation and use of bodies and tissues donated post‐mortem for study, training and scientific research purposes. This makes it possible to standardize the features of such reference centers nationwide, and to coordinate their activities and potential future development, while ensuring basic operational efficiency and workplace safety, the provision of adequate facilities, buildings and equipment, and staff training. The law and its implementing rules discussed here are the first to establish criteria and compulsory requirements for centers receiving body and tissue donations in Italy. This is a step forward for the whole anatomy community, providing practical guidelines for body donation programs and related facilities in other countries too.
Ligand‐Guided Investigation of a Series of Formamidine‐Based Thiuram Disulfides as Potential Dual‐Inhibitors of COX‐1and COX‐2
Authors: Oladipo Segun D. , Akinpelu Olayinka I. , Omondi Bernard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA series of thiuram disulfides 1–6 which had been previously synthesized and characterized,[1] were studied for their potential therapeutic properties. Target‐fishing analyses through HitPick and SwissTarget prediction identified COX1 and COX2, which are essential biomolecules in cancer‐related inflammations, as the possible targets for compounds 1 and 4 among all the compounds tested. These two proteins have enjoyed interest as targets for treating some neoplastic cancer types such as breast, colorectal, skin, pancreatic, haematological and head cancers. The inhibitory potency of 1 and 4 as lead anticancer drug candidates with dual‐target ability against COX1 and COX2 was examined through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and post‐MD analyses such as binding energy calculation, RMSD, RMSF, and RoG. The two compounds had better docking scores and binding energies than the known inhibitors of COX1 and COX2. Insights from the RMSD, RMSF, and RoG suggested that both 1 and 4 showed observable influence on the structural stability of these targets throughout the simulation. The reported observations of the effects of 1 and 4 on the structures of COX1 and COX2 indicate their probable inhibitory properties against these target proteins and their potential as lead anticancer drug candidates.
Design, Synthesis and Bioassay of 2‐Phenylglycine Derivatives as Potential Pesticide Candidates
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhao Cailong , Zheng Huanlin , Chen Xiaocui , Chen Biao , Wu Zhibing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant diseases can seriously affect the growth of food crops and economic crops. To date, pesticides are still among the most effective methods to prevent and control plant diseases worldwide. Consequently, to develop potential pesticide molecules, a series of novel 2‐phenylglycine derivatives containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thioethers were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results revealed that G19 exhibited great in vitro antifungal activity against Thanatephorus cucumeris with an EC50 value of 32.4 μg/mL, and in vivo antifungal activity against T. cucumeris on rice leaves at a concentration of 200.0 μg/mL (66.9 %) which was close that of azoxystrobin (73.2 %). Compounds G24 (80.2 %), G25 (89.4 %), and G27 (83.3 %) exhibited impressive in vivo inactivation activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at a concentration of 500.0 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of ningnanmycin (96.3 %) and markedly higher than that of ribavirin (55.6 %). The antibacterial activity of G16 (63.1 %), G26 (89.9 %), G27 (78.0 %), and G28 (68.0 %) against Xoo at a concentration of 50.0 μg/mL was higher than that of thiadiazole copper (18.0 %) and bismerthiazol (38.9 %). Preliminary mechanism studies on the antifungal activity against T. cucumeris demonstrated that G19 can affect the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane and altering the permeability of the cell. These studies revealed that the amino acid derivatives containing a 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety exhibited certain antifungal, antibacterial, and anti‐TMV activities, and these derivatives can be further modified and developed as potential pesticide molecules.
Toxic epidermal necrosis following Sinopharm COVID‐19 vaccine (BBIBP‐CorV): A case report and literature review
Authors: Shakoei Safoura , hadizadeh Alireza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study reports a patient developing TEN after the first dose of (BBIBP‐CorV). He developed numerous purpuric and dusky patches with flaccid bullae and areas of epidermal detachment covered more than 30% of the body area within 6 days. After treatment with dexamethasone and cyclosporin, he recovered within 14 days.
Quadriplegia after ECMO therapy with sluggish recovery in a COVID‐19 patient: A case report with a 14‐month follow‐up
Authors: Sasano Nobuko , Yasuda Masami , Yamada Gohei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 patients often develop neuromuscular complications, and critically ill patients often develop ICU‐acquired weakness. We report a COVID‐19 patient who developed flaccid quadriplegia after ECMO therapy and achieved a slow but consistent recovery during a 14‐month period of sustained holistic rehabilitation including early mobilization to an outdoor environment.
Differential privacy: Review of improving utility through cryptography‐based technologies
Authors: Huang Wen , Zhuo Ming , Zhu Tianqing , Zhou Shijie , Liao Yongjian 
Published: December 2022

SummaryDue to successful applications of data analysis technologies in many fields, various institutions have accumulated a large amount of data to improve their services. As the speed of data collection has increased dramatically over the last few years, an increasing number of users are growing concerned about their personal information. Therefore, privacy preservation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Differential privacy as a strong privacy preservation tool has attracted significant attention. In this review, we focus on improving data utility of differentially private mechanisms through technologies related to cryptography. In particular, we first focus on how to improve data utility through anonymous communication. Then, we summarize how to improve data utility by combining differentially private mechanisms with homomorphic encryption schemes. Next, we summarize hardness results of what is impossible to achieve for differentially private mechanisms' data utility from the view of cryptography. Differential privacy borrowed intuitions from cryptography and still benefits from the progress of cryptography. To summarize the state‐of‐the‐art and to benefit future researches, we are motivated to provide this review.
A hybridized channel selection approach with deep convolutional neural network for effective ovarian cancer prediction in periodic acid‐Schiff‐stained images
Authors: Ramasamy Sathya , Kaliyaperumal Vaidehi 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn today's world, cancers are becoming a crucial warning in current medical applications where they show a significant part in the prognosis and appraisal of ovarian malignancies in histopathological imaging. Automated approaches to systematize the formation and categorization of cancers in periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐stained images have recently been quickly growing in the area of digital pathology. However, the existing literature lacks computerized approaches to systematize the localization and categorization of cancers in PAS‐stained images. In this work, a new deep fully connected convolutional neural network (DFCNN) along with hybridized channel selection (HCS) strategy has been proposed to diagnose ovarian cancers accurately in PAS‐stained images. Primarily, the HCS strategy selects the optimal channel for managing the input dataset. Afterward, the DFCNN is employed to extract the influential features from the PAS‐stained images. The autoencoder modeling can be carried out to build the proposed DFCNN layers. The appropriate layer selection in the proposed model facilitates to obtaining accurate cancer classification with minimal misclassification errors. The performance results manifest that the proposed model achieves a superior accuracy of 99.22% when compared with existing CNN+softmax, CNN+decision tree, and CNN+radial basis function models.
SPoFC: A framework for stream data aggregation with local differential privacy
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Lam Kwok‐Yan , Zhu Tianqing , Tang Chenghua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCollecting and analysing customers' data plays an essential role in the more intense market competition. It is critical to perform data analysis effectively while ensuring the user's privacy, especially after various privacy regulations are enacted. In this paper, we consider the problem of aggregating the stream data generated from wearable devices in a specific time period in a privacy‐preserving manner. Specifically, we adopt the local differential privacy mechanism to provide a strong privacy guarantee for users. One major challenge is that all values of the stream need to be perturbed. The additive noise makes it hard to release an accurate data stream. One way to reduce the noise scale is to select some data points to perturb instead of all. The intuition is that more privacy budgets are applied to a single data point, which ensures the statistical accuracy. The perturbed data points are used to predict the un‐selected data points without consuming an extra privacy budget. Based on this idea, we propose a novel stream data statistical framework, which includes four components, data fitting, skeleton point selection, noisy stream generation, and data aggregation. Extensive experiment results show that our proposed method achieves a much smaller mean square error given a fixed privacy budget compared with the state‐of‐the‐art.
Three‐Dimensional MAX‐Ti3AlC2 Nanomaterials for Dual‐Selective and Highly Efficient Enrichment of Phosphorylated and Glycosylated Peptides
Authors: Yang Shi‐Shu , Wang Chen , Jiang Yu‐Fei , Zhang Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDual‐selective enrichment of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) in the complex biological samples are challenging. In this work, considering the versatile properties including surface abundant metal sites and electrostatic attraction between Ti3C2‐layers and Al‐layers, layered ternary carbides Ti3AlC2 nanomaterials was successfully applied for the first time as an affinity adsorbent for the dual‐selective capture of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides. Especially, the Ti3AlC2 nanomaterials had an excellent detection sensitivity for phosphopeptides (1×10−11 M) and a good selectivity for glycopeptides with a low molar ratio of 1 : 500 of HRP (horseradish peroxidase) to BSA (bovine serum albumin). Furthermore, Ti3AlC2 nanomaterials was also applied for dual‐selective enrichment of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from mouse brain neocortex lysate and human serum lysate respectively before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, yielding twenty‐two unique phosphopeptides from thirteen phosphoproteins and fifty‐three unique glycopeptides from thirty‐seven glycoproteins, respectively. This work will open a new avenue and will greatly promote sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis in phosphoproteomics and glycoproteomics research.
Cation‐Doped SrTaO2N Prepared through a Flux Method for Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Obata Keisuke , Higashi Tomohiro , Ye Feifan , Katayama Masao , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysts for water splitting is considered one of the most promising technologies for solar energy conversion. SrTaO2N has a band gap of 2.1 eV and is a candidate for achieving visible‐light‐driven water splitting. However, its poor charge separation efficiency limits its water splitting efficiency, which can be attributed to the charge recombination induced by reduced Ta4+ sites, which act as recombination centers. This study focuses on the improvement of photocatalytic activity of SrTaO2N by introducing foreign metal cations with a low oxidation state to suppress the formation of reduced Ta4+ sites. Among the investigated samples, 1.0 mol % Ga3+‐doped SrTaO2N was found to improve the photocatalytic activity significantly. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data show that the formation of Ta4+ species is suppressed after Ga doping, which might be responsible for the photocatalytic activity improvement of SrTaO2N.