bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Updated Catalog of Rayed Craters on Mars
Authors: Harris Jennifer K. , McKeown Lauren E. , Parenti Carlotta , Tornabene Livio L. , Grindrod Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMartian meteorites represent the only samples of Mars available for study in terrestrial laboratories. In addition to their crystallization and surface ejection ages, these samples provide a detailed understanding of the geochemistry of the martian crust. One of the major outstanding problems regarding martian meteorites is locating the exact source regions on Mars, although the composition and texture of these meteorites limits the source craters to mostly igneous provinces. To help find source craters, we present an updated global catalog of impact craters greater than 3 km diameter with thermally distinct radial patterns (“rays”), which could represent recent impact events. We defined search criteria for identifying rayed craters, assigning a confidence level to each crater, and noted the presence or absence of associated secondary craters. Using daytime and nighttime thermal infrared image data we identified 118 craters with thermally distinct radial patterns between ±60° latitude, of which 89 had not appeared in previous catalogs. We discuss some potential uses of this new catalog in terms of understanding the morphology, location, and composition of each crater. Our preliminary analysis demonstrates the potential future use of this catalog in finding the source location of martian meteorites in regions of sufficient thermal contrast.
Interannual Variability of Near‐Inertial Energy in the South China Sea and Western North Pacific
Authors: Lu Huaihao , Chen Zhiwu , Xu Kang , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Chunzai , Xu Jiexin , Gong Yankun , Cai Shuqun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterannual variability of surface mixed‐layer near‐inertial energy (NIE, representing the intensity of near‐inertial waves) in the South China Sea and western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated using satellite‐tracked surface drifter data set. It is found that NIE in the study region correlates negatively with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with a correlation coefficient of R = −0.44 and a time lag of 5 months, mainly because the variation of local wind stress lags behind El Niño by 4 months. By separating summer and winter seasons, the correlation is significantly improved. The summer NIE correlates positively with El Niño (R = 0.62), since tropical cyclones over the WNP tend to be stronger and longer‐lived during the El Niño developing phase. The winter NIE correlates negatively with El Niño (R = −0.65), since the winter monsoon is weakened by the ENSO‐related WNP anomalous anticyclone. This is the first time that interannual variability of NIE is studied by direct current velocity observations.
Decadal Time‐Series Depletion of Dissolved Oxygen at Abyssal Depths in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Smith K. L. , Messié M. , Connolly T. P. , Huffard C. L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDissolved oxygen depletion in the global ocean is well documented over several decades from the surface ocean to abyssal depths. This decline is especially prevalent in the Northeast Pacific. A significant decline in dissolved oxygen has been measured over 30 years at 4,000–4,100 m depth (Station M) beneath the California Current off central California. Three principal hypotheses examined the relationship of declining oxygen with biological and physical factors over the 30‐year time series. Annual resolution revealed Ekman pumping, coastal upwelling, particulate matter flux, and sediment community oxygen consumption having significant correlations with bottom water dissolved oxygen concentration. Coastal upwelling accounted for 65% of the annual variation in bottom water oxygen concentration. Stepwise regression yielded descriptive models of bottom water dissolved oxygen using coastal upwelling, wind stress and primary production variables. Is continued oxygen depletion in the Northeast Pacific indicative of abyssal regions in the world ocean?
Double Layers in the Earth's Bow Shock
Authors: Sun J. , Vasko I. Y. , Bale S. D. , Wang R. , Mozer F. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electrostatic double layers in quasi‐perpendicular Earth's bow shock. These double layers have predominantly parallel electric field with amplitudes up to 100 mV/m, spatial widths of 50–700 m, and plasma frame speeds within 100 km/s. The potential drop across a single double layer is 2%–7% of the cross‐shock potential in the de Hoffmann‐Teller frame and occurs over the spatial scale of 10 Debye lengths or one tenth of electron inertial length. Some double layers can have spatial width of 70 Debye lengths and potential drop up to 30% of the cross‐shock potential. The electron temperature variation observed across double layers is roughly consistent with their potential drop. While electron heating in the Earth's bow shock occurs predominantly due to the quasi‐static electric field in the de Hoffmann‐Teller frame, these observations show that electron temperature can also increase across Debye‐scale electrostatic structures.
The Earth's Magnetic Field Enhances Solar Energy Deposition in the Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Maggiolo R. , Maes L. , Cessateur G. , Darrouzet F. , De Keyser J. , Gunell H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of a large‐scale planetary magnetic field is thought to be a protective factor for atmospheres, preventing them from being blown off by the solar wind. We focus on one key aspect of atmospheric escape: how does a planetary magnetic fields affect the energy transfer from the Sun to the atmosphere? We estimate the solar wind energy currently dissipated in the Earth's atmosphere using empirical formulas derived from observations. We show that it is significantly higher than the energy dissipated in the atmosphere of a hypothetical unmagnetized Earth. Consequently, we conclude that the Earth's magnetic field enhances the solar energy dissipation in the Earth's atmosphere and that, contrary to the old paradigm, an intrinsic magnetic field does not necessarily reduces atmospheric loss.
Major Migration Channels of Mesoscale Eddies in the Southern Ocean Derived From Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Zheng Jie , Yang Xiaokun , Ma Chunyong , Chen Ge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe propagation pathways of mesoscale eddies have an essential impact on the meridional transport of freshwater, carbon, nutrients, and other tracers. However, existing methods have limitations in exactly expressing their major propagation pathways. To tackle this problem, a direction‐based spatial clustering algorithm for the trajectory is proposed according to the partition‐and‐group framework. The idea is to extract the major eddy channels quantitatively, thus effectively representing the eddy trajectories with similar propagation pathways in a given spatial distance and direction, from the eddy identification and tracking datasets obtained by satellite altimetry spanning nearly 20 years in the Southern Ocean. The major eddy channels of the Southern Ocean are more geographically correlated rather than determined by polarity (anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs)). Importantly, the main axes of zonal propagation for eddy channels are extracted in this study. In the area north of 45°S (30°S–45°S), the zonal propagation (both for AEs and CEs) is intrinsically westward along ∼42°S ± 2° (main axes). While in those south of 45°S (45°S–80°S), it is reversed to eastward, propagating zonally along ∼56°S ± 2° (main axes) and obviously showing a gyre pattern. The bottom topography significantly effects on the propagation pathways of eddy channels in the Southern Ocean. Mainly, their meridional propagation pathways are pronouncedly steered by the shape of oceanic ridges around isobath −3900m (AEs for −3,877 m, CEs for −3,922 m).
Restratification Structure and Processes in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Sterl M. F. , de Jong M. F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Irminger Sea is one of the few regions in the ocean where deep (>1,000 m) convection occurs. Convection is followed by restratification during summer, when the stratification of the water column is reestablished and the convectively formed water is exported at depth. There are currently no descriptions of interannual variability and physical drivers of restratification in the Irminger Sea. We investigate restratification in the upper 600 m of the central Irminger Sea using reanalysis data for the years 1993–2019. We find distinctly different restratification processes in the upper 100 m (the upper layer) and the water below it (the lower layer). In the upper layer, the stratification is dominated by a seasonal cycle that matches the cycle of the surface heat flux. In 2010 and 2019, there were peaks in upper layer restratification, which could partly be related to strong atmospheric heat and freshwater fluxes. Greenland runoff likely also contributed to the high restratification, although this contribution could not be quantified in the present study. In the lower layer there is strong interannual variability in stratification, caused by variability both in the convection and the restratification strength. The restratification strength is strongly correlated with the eddy kinetic energy in the eastern Irminger Sea, suggesting that lower layer restratification is driven by lateral advection of warm, saline waters through Irminger Current eddies. In the future, surface warming and freshening of the Irminger Sea due to anthropogenic climate change are expected to increase upper layer stratification, potentially inhibiting convection.
What's New at JGR‐Oceans? Confronting Bias, Burn Out, and Big Data
Authors: Beal Lisa M. , Padman Laurie , Zhou Lei , Singh Arvind , Chambers Don , Friedrichs Marjy , Gnanaseelan Chellappan , Goodkin Nathalie , Hetland Robert , Mulligan Ryan , Nagai Takeyoshi , O'Callaghan Joanne , Pinardi Nadia , Power Hannah , Umlauf Lars , Wahlin Anna , Xu Fanghua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJGR‐Oceans receives many more submissions from a broader demographic of authors than in the past and burnout among reviewers as well as potential bias among editors is threatening excellence and equity at the journal. To confront these issues, we have implemented some new editorial strategies that are anticipated to provide a fairer and more rewarding peer‐review experience for authors, as well as alleviate pressure on reviewers and deliver high quality science for readers. First, we have recruited a dozen new editors from across the world who better reflect our author demographic and who can make wiser and more inclusive decisions about the running of the journal. Second, we now require that each manuscript clearly communicate new understanding about the ocean before we send it out for review. This simple rubric deflects potentially biased editorial decisions based on author attributes and brings us closer to the original scope of JGR‐Oceans. Third, we are facilitating a culture of collaboration among reviewers and among ourselves, the editors, that brings more balanced decision‐making to reviews and manuscripts and provides authors more feedback. Our aim is to better help authors communicate their science with confidence and clarity. Finally, JGR‐Oceans has always been a multi‐disciplinary journal and we are encouraging more submissions that convey new understanding of biogeochemical processes and human interactions with ocean variability and change.
A Reevaluation of Cryolava Flow Evolution: Assumptions, Physical Properties, and Conceptualization
Authors: Morrison Aaron A. , Whittington Alan G. , Mitchell Karl L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCryovolcanism has been invoked to explain numerous features observed on icy bodies. Many of these features show similar morphologies to volcanic features observed on Earth suggesting similar physics involved in their formation. Cryovolcanism lies at the intersection of volcanology and hydrology but as such, no one model from either discipline satisfactorily represents cryolava flow emplacement. We produced a new model for cryolava flow evolution that draws from both disciplines to track the physical, chemical, and thermal states of a hypothetical H2O‐NaCl flow on a Europa‐like body as it evolves away from the vent. This model is currently restricted to compositions on the water‐rich side of this chemical system and only predicts emplacement up to the turbulent to laminar transition. Modeling the laminar regime and a broader compositional space will be dealt with separately. Concentrations between 5 and 23 wt% (H2O‐NaCl eutectic) and initial flow thicknesses of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 m were set as initial conditions. Model results suggest that flow may reach 40–60 vol% solids before transitioning to laminar flow. The thermal budget for these flows is dominated by the heat loss from vaporization in the low‐pressure environment. This model produces length to thickness aspect ratios, for the given compositions, that are broadly consistent with candidate cryovolcanic features on Ceres and Titan. These first‐order comparisons are not ideal and suggest the need for future modeling of cryovolcanic features in at least two dimensions.
The Erosional Signature of Drainage Divide Motion Along the Blue Ridge Escarpment
Authors: Stokes Maya F. , Larsen Isaac J. , Goldberg Samuel L. , McCoy Scott W. , Prince Philip P. , Perron J. Taylor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe planform rearrangement of river basins is recognized as an important process for landscape evolution. The boundaries of river basins can shift either through gradual drainage divide migration or discrete river captures, but the methods for identifying these processes often rely on topographic evidence that remains otherwise untested. Moreover, efforts to understand the relative importance of either process are hampered by a lack of age constraints on river captures. We use 10Be‐derived erosion rates to test whether, and how, divide motion is occurring at three locations along the Blue Ridge Escarpment in the Appalachian Mountains. In the Pee Dee River basin, we find that the escarpment is migrating inland up to 45 m/Myr, consistent with topographic evidence for gradual divide migration. In the Dan River basin, erosion rates support the topographic evidence for river capture, and we use a forward model of river incision to estimate that the capture likely occurred in the past 12.5 Myr. In the South Fork Roanoke River basin, where the presence of a knickzone has been interpreted as evidence that a river capture initiated a pulse of faster erosion, we instead measure nearly uniform tributary erosion rates above and within the mainstem knickzone. Simulations show that river incision into a more erodible layer of rock, with or without a river capture, could produce the observed topography and erosion rates in the South Fork Roanoke River. Our results show how multiple lines of evidence can illuminate the rates and mechanisms of river basin reorganization.
SubZero: A Sea Ice Model With an Explicit Representation of the Floe Life Cycle
Authors: Manucharyan Georgy E. , Montemuro Brandon P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSea ice dynamics exhibit granular behavior as individual floes and fracture networks become particularly evident at length scales O(10–100) km and smaller. However, climate models do not resolve floes and represent sea ice as a continuum, while existing floe‐scale sea ice models tend to oversimplify floes using discrete elements of predefined simple shapes. The idealized nature of climate and discrete element sea ice models presents a challenge of comparing the model output with floe‐scale sea ice observations. Here we present SubZero, a conceptually new sea ice model geared to explicitly simulate the life cycles of individual floes by using complex discrete elements with time‐evolving shapes. This unique model uses parameterizations of floe‐scale processes, such as collisions, fractures, ridging, and welding, to simulate a wide range of evolving floe shapes and sizes. We demonstrate the novel capabilities of the SubZero model in idealized experiments, including uniaxial compression, the summer‐time sea ice flow through the Nares Strait, and winter‐time sea ice growth. The model naturally reproduces the statistical behavior of the observed sea ice, such as the power‐law appearance of the floe size distribution and the long‐tailed ice thickness distribution. The SubZero model could provide a valuable alternative to existing discrete element and continuous sea ice models for simulations of floe interactions.
An Integrated View of Organic Biomarker‐Based Sea Surface Temperature Changes in the Subarctic Pacific Since the Last Ice Age
Authors: Li Qian , Chen Min‐Te , Li Guangxue , Yu Jimin , Zou Jianjun , Shi Xuefa , Liu Shidong , Yu Pai‐Sen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phase relationships of sea surface temperature (SST) changes between the North Pacific and North Atlantic during deglacial millennial‐scale climate events have been of great interest. However, uncertainties remain partly due to the sparsity of deglacial SST records in the North Pacific. This study presents a new high‐resolution ‐SST record spanning the entire last deglaciation from core LV63‐41‐2 retrieved from the Northwestern Pacific off the Kamchatka Peninsula, which allows us to explore regional SST change patterns and associated driving mechanisms by compiling previously published SST data in the subarctic Pacific. The subarctic Pacific SST changes during the Bølling‐Allerød and Younger Dryas show in‐phase relationships in response to the North Atlantic SST variations, suggesting a dominant control of atmospheric teleconnections between both oceans. During Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) when the North Atlantic exhibited significant cooling, the subarctic Pacific SST developments are complex, showing gradual warming from the Last Glacial Maximum to HS1 in the Northwestern Pacific and cooling at the onset of HS1 in the Northeastern Pacific. We suggest that the inconsistent phase responses resulted from the combined effects of multiple processes, which involve an enhanced poleward advection of warm subtropical waters, cold meltwater inputs from the retreating Cordilleran Ice Sheet into the Northeastern Pacific, and a persistent La Niña‐like state in the tropical Pacific.
Inhibition of p21 activates Akt kinase to trigger ROS-induced autophagy and impacts on tumor growth rate
Authors: Maheshwari Mayank , Yadav Nisha , Hasanain Mohammad , Pandey Praveen , Sahai Rohit , Choyal Kuldeep , Singh Akhilesh , Nengroo Mushtaq A. , Saini Krishan K. , Kumar Deepak , Mitra Kalyan , Datta Dipak , Sarkar Jayanta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOwing to its ability to induce cellular senescence, inhibit PCNA, and arrest cell division cycle by negatively regulating CDKs as well as being a primary target of p53, p21 is traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, several reports in recent years demonstrated its pro-oncogenic activities such as apoptosis inhibition by cytosolic p21, stimulation of cell motility, and promoting assembly of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. These opposing effects of p21 on cell proliferation, supported by the observations of its inconsistent expression in human cancers, led to the emergence of the concept of “antagonistic duality” of p21 in cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that p21 negatively regulates basal autophagy at physiological concentration. Akt activation, upon p21 attenuation, driven ROS accumulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in p21-mediated modulation of autophagy. We also find p21, as a physiological inhibitor of autophagy, to have oncogenic activity during early events of tumor development while its inhibition favors survival and growth of cancer cells in the established tumor. Our data, thereby, reveal the potential role of autophagy in antagonistic functional duality of p21 in cancer.
Microencapsulation and nanowarming enables vitrification cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles
Authors: Tian Conghui , Shen Lingxiao , Gong Chenjia , Cao Yunxia , Shi Qinghua , Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPreantral follicles are often used as models for cryopreservation and in vitro culture due to their easy availability. As a promising approach for mammalian fertility preservation, vitrification of preantral follicles requires high concentrations of highly toxic penetrating cryoprotective agents (up to 6 M). Here, we accomplish low-concentration-penetrating cryoprotective agent (1.5 M) vitrification of mouse preantral follicles encapsulated in hydrogel by nanowarming. We find that compared with conventional water bath warming, the viability of preantral follicles is increased by 33%. Moreover, the cavity formation rate of preantral follicles after in vitro culture is comparable to the control group without vitrification. Furthermore, the percentage of MII oocytes developed from the vitrified follicles, and the birth rate of offspring following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are also similar to the control group. Our results provide a step towards nontoxic vitrification by utilizing the synergistic cryoprotection effect of microencapsulation and nanowarming.
Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Guanghui , Rahman Mohammad Mushfiqur , He Zhiping , Allcca Andres Llacsahuanga , Rustagi Avinash , Stampe Kirstine Aggerbeck , Zhu Yanglin , Yan Shaohua , Tian Shangjie , Mao Zhiqiang , Lei Hechang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Upadhyaya Pramey , Chen Yong P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) magnet heterostructures have emerged as new platforms to explore exotic magnetic orders and quantum phenomena. Here, we study heterostructures of layered antiferromagnets, CrI3 and CrCl3, with perpendicular and in-plane magnetic anisotropy, respectively. Using magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we demonstrate out-of-plane magnetic order in the CrCl3 layer proximal to CrI3, with ferromagnetic interfacial coupling between the two. Such an interlayer exchange field leads to higher critical temperature than that of either CrI3 or CrCl3 alone. We further demonstrate significant electric-field control of the coercivity, attributed to the naturally broken structural inversion symmetry of the heterostructure allowing unprecedented direct coupling between electric field and interfacial magnetism. These findings illustrate the opportunity to explore exotic magnetic phases and engineer spintronic devices in vdW heterostructures.