bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veranderingen in ervaren voedselzekerheid en eetgedrag in Nederland sinds de COVID-19-uitbraak
Authors: van der Velde Laura A. , Numans Mattijs E. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingIn dit onderzoek beschrijven we veranderingen in ervaren voedselzekerheid en eetgewoonten in Nederland sinds het begin van de COVID-19-crisis, hoe deze veranderingen werden ervaren, en welke mogelijkheden werden aangegeven voor een gezonder eetpatroon. Het onderzoek werd uitgevoerd met online vragenlijsten onder volwassenen in Nederland met een relatief lage sociaaleconomische positie (n = 1.033). De resultaten laten veranderingen in ervaren voedselzekerheid zien sinds het begin van de COVID-19-crisis: zowel richting een hogere als een lagere ervaren voedselzekerheid. Ongeveer een vijfde van de deelnemers gaf een veranderd eetpatroon aan sinds het begin van de COVID-19-crisis, terwijl meer dan de helft van de deelnemers met een verminderde voedselzekerheid een veranderd eetpatroon rapporteerde: zij gaven aan minder gezond en minder groente en fruit te eten. Deelnemers met een verminderde voedselzekerheid hadden vaker behoefte aan hulp bij gezonder eten. Een goedkoper voedselaanbod werd gezien als een oplossing, terwijl voedselbankgebruik weinig werd genoemd als mogelijke hulp voor een gezonder eetpatroon. De COVID-19-crisis leidt tot financiële onzekerheid bij veel mensen en ook tot veranderingen in de beschikbaarheid van voedsel – bekende risicofactoren voor een verminderde voedselzekerheid. Daarom benadrukken deze bevindingen de urgentie van maatregelen om voedselzekerheid te verhogen en gepaste hulp en ondersteuning te bieden bij een gezond eetpatroon, vooral voor mensen met een verminderde voedselzekerheid.
Kennisagenda samen gezond leven: hoe dan?
Authors: Hagenaars Luc , Boulogne Fleur , van Oers Hans , Baan Caroline , Garretsen Henk 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingIn het begin van 2020 heeft staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis het Kennisplatform Preventie in het leven geroepen. Dit platform bestaat uit experts uit de wetenschap, het beleid en de praktijk van preventie. Het doel is om tot meer samenhang te komen in de programmering en het gebruik van kennis over preventie, aan de hand van een dynamische kennisagenda. In haar meest recente agenda (Kennisagenda preventie 2021: mentale gezondheid op de agenda – ZonMw) stelt het kennisplatform dat hoe-vragen meer prioriteit verdienen dan wat-vragen, als het gaat om leefstijl en mentale gezondheid. Dit artikel licht de aanleiding en inhoud van de kennisagenda en het kennisplatform toe, en roept lezers op om mee te denken via kennisplatformpreventie@zonmw.nl.
The Parrot’s Training in the pandemic: fallacies in India’s educational response to COVID-19
Authors: Krishnapriya T. K. , Rani Padma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper explores India's response in the face of the COVID-19 educational crisis compared to the educational thoughts and experiments of Rabindranath Tagore, Asia's first Nobel laureate and an avid educator. The context of the study is formulated from the perception that the past and present are interconnected; hence examining similarities and dissimilarities between them can reveal latent undercurrents. A comparative historical method is employed for the study to take three diverse yet interconnected periods in the Indian education system—the Tagorean/colonial period, the post-independence period, and the pandemic period—for a continuous and comprehensive evaluation. Tagore's educational experiences evidenced that the colonial system reeled under biases that alienated the natives from their nation and its operations. Despite the efforts, the post-independence period bears remnants of the colonial system. The educational response to the pandemic also exhibits specific social, cultural, and economic tensions similar to its predecessors. As the COVID-19 lockdown implementation has forced shutters on the educational institutions, an increasing emphasis is laid on digital education without adequate engagement with the pre-existing challenges. Under this convoluted circumstance, the paper opines that colonization continues to be the underlying process propelling the education system. Thus, the Tagorean ideals of education and its indigenous ways require urgent consideration before falling back on the old system post pandemic or endorsing digital education as the next giant stride in education.
An Optical Digital Twin for Underwater Photogrammetry
Authors: Nakath David , She Mengkun , Song Yifan , Köser Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost parts of the Earth’s surface are situated in the deep ocean. To explore this visually rather adversarial environment with cameras, they have to be protected by pressure housings. These housings, in turn, need interfaces to the world, enduring extreme pressures within the water column. Commonly, a flat window or a half-sphere of glass, called flat-port or dome-port, respectively is used to implement such kind of interface. Hence, multi-media interfaces, between water, glass and air are introduced, entailing refraction effects in the images taken through them. To obtain unbiased 3D measurements and to yield a geometrically faithful reconstruction of the scene, it is mandatory to deal with the effects in a proper manner. Hence, we propose an optical digital twin of an underwater environment, which has been geometrically verified to resemble a real water lab tank that features the two most common optical interfaces. It can be used to develop, evaluate, train, test and tune refractive algorithms. Alongside this paper, we publish the model for further extension, jointly with code to dynamically generate samples from the dataset. Finally, we also publish a pre-rendered dataset ready for use at https://git.geomar.de/david-nakath/geodt.
Efficacy of Combination Therapy with the JAK Inhibitor Baricitinib in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Thoms Brendan L. , Gosselin Jeanne , Libman Bonita , Littenberg Benjamin , Budd Ralph C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2, spans a wide spectrum of illness. In severely ill patients, highly elevated serum levels of certain cytokines and considerable cytolytic T cell infiltrates in the lungs have been observed. These same patients may bear low to negligible viral burdens suggesting that an overactive immune response, often termed cytokine storm, contributes to the severity of COVID-19. We report the safety and efficacy of baricitinib combined with remdesivir and dexamethasone in a retrospective review of 45 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a tertiary academic medical center. Patients received 7-day course of baricitinib, 5-day course of remdesivir, and 10-day course of dexamethasone. Clinical status and biomarkers were obtained daily. Outcomes assessed include mortality, duration of hospitalization, presence of shock, need for supplemental oxygen, need for non-invasive ventilation, need for mechanical ventilation, and development of thrombosis. Obesity and multiple medical comorbidities were associated with hospitalization in the setting of COVID-19. Treated patients demonstrated rapid declines of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and D-dimer with gradual improvement in hemoglobin, platelet counts, and clinical status. Only 2 of 45 (4.4%) treated patients required mechanical ventilation after initiating treatment, and there were six deaths (13.3%). Only 2 of 45 (4.4%) treated patients required mechanical ventilation after initiating treatment. There were six deaths (13.3%) and these were associated with lower BMI. These findings support the utility of immunosuppression via JAK inhibition in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Manufacturing Statelessness
Authors: Jain Neha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHaving recently emerged from its unenviable status as the runt of international law, the phenomenon of statelessness nonetheless eludes traditional international legal instruments. Confronted with questions of nationality that typically fall within the domain of sovereignty, international and regional human rights bodies struggle to rein in the increasingly creative measures that states adopt to obscure the production and persistence of statelessness. This Article uncovers and dissects the different ways in which states manufacture statelessness not through explicitly discriminatory laws and unequal treatment, but through manipulating ostensibly neutral criteria for nationality. The Article identifies three such criteria that are not traditionally considered “suspect” categories for the grant or denial of nationality: time, territory, and administrative practice. It also suggests doctrinal, policy, and strategic tools for identifying and responding to the types of statelessness that are not a collateral consequence of state failure or incompetence, but the outcome of state intentionality.
Experimental Measurement of the Size of Gaps Required to Compromise Fit of an N95 Respirator
Authors: O’Kelly Eugenia , Arora Anmol , Pirog Sophia , Ward James , Clarkson P. John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The effectiveness of filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 respirators is heavily dependent on the fit. However, there have been limited efforts to discover the size of the gaps in the seal required to compromise filtering facepiece respirator performance, with prior studies estimating this size based on in vitro models. In this study, we measure the size of leak necessary to compromise the fit of N95 respirators.

Methods:
Two methods were used to create a gap of specific dimensions. A set of 3D-printed resin spacers and hollow steel rods were used to generate gaps in N95 respirators while worn on 2 participants. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) quantitative fit testing methods were used to quantify mask performance with gaps between 0.4 and 2.9-mm diameters.

Results:
Gap size was regressed against fit factor, showing that overall, the minimum gap size to compromise N95 performance was between 1.5 mm2 and 3 mm2.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest the fit of a N95 respirator is compromised by gaps that may be difficult to visually detect. The study also adds to the body of evidence supporting the routine use of quantitative fit testing to ensure that masks are well-fitting.
p38 activation and viral infection
Authors: Wang Luyao , Xia Zhiqiang , Tang Wei , Sun Yu , Wu Yingliang , Kwok Hang Fai , Sun Fang , Cao Zhijian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractViruses completely rely on the energy and metabolic systems of host cells for life activities. Viral infections usually lead to cytopathic effects and host diseases. To date, there are still no specific clinical vaccines or drugs against most viral infections. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of viral infections is of great significance to prevent and treat viral diseases. A variety of viral infections are related to the p38 MAPK signalling pathway, and p38 is an important host factor in virus-infected cells. Here, we introduce the different signalling pathways of p38 activation and then summarise how different viruses induce p38 phosphorylation. Finally, we provide a general summary of the effect of p38 activation on virus replication. Our review provides integrated data on p38 activation and viral infections and describes the potential application of targeting p38 as an antiviral strategy.
Repatriation in university museum collections: Case studies from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
Authors: Jacobs Jordan , Porter Benjamin W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUniversity-based anthropology museums are uniquely positioned to pursue nuanced decisions concerning the disposition of collections in their care, setting best practice for the field. The authors describe a three-staged approach to repatriations that they led during their concurrent service as head of cultural policy and repatriation (Jordan Jacobs) and director (Benjamin Porter) of the University of California, Berkeley’s Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology between 2015 and 2019. Examples involving human remains and cultural objects from Australia, Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Saipan, Senegal, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and South Carolina in the United States demonstrate the benefits of transparency, open communication, and rigorous investigation of provenance and provenience, which may or may not lead to transfer based on the criteria and priorities of potential recipients. This article also provides a history of the Hearst Museum’s Cultural Policy and Repatriation division, which was disbanded in 2021.
Resolving Magnetopause Shadowing Using Multimission Measurements of Phase Space Density
Authors: Staples F. A. , Kellerman A. , Murphy K. R. , Rae I. J. , Sandhu J. K. , Forsyth C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLoss mechanisms act independently or in unison to drive rapid loss of electrons in the radiation belts. Electrons may be lost by precipitation into the Earth's atmosphere, or through the magnetopause into interplanetary space—a process known as magnetopause shadowing. While magnetopause shadowing is known to produce dropouts in electron flux, it is unclear if shadowing continues to remove particles in tandem with electron acceleration processes, limiting the overall flux increase. We investigated the contribution of shadowing to overall radiation belt fluxes throughout a geomagnetic storm starting on the 7 September 2017. We use new, multimission phase space density calculations to decipher electron dynamics during each storm phase and identify features of magnetopause shadowing during both the net‐loss and the net‐acceleration storm phases on sub‐hour time scales. We also highlight two distinct types of shadowing; “direct,” where electrons are lost as their orbit intersects the magnetopause, and “indirect,” where electrons are lost through ULF wave driven radial transport toward the magnetopause boundary.
Simulation and Assessment of Projected Climate Change Impacts on Urban Flood Events: Insights From Flooding Characteristic Metrics
Authors: Hou Jinjin , Zhang Yongyong , Xia Jun , Wang Yueling , Zhang Shiyan , Pan Xingyao , Yang Moyuan , Leng Guoyong , Dou Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban flooding is a global water disaster resulting from the expansion of urban impervious surfaces and the strengthening of extreme precipitation events, especially in China. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on the spatial distributions of urban flooding characteristics and their variations in the context of climate change. In this study, eight critical metrics (i.e., maximum flooding volume, total overloaded manholes with different flooding volumes or durations, total flooding volume, mean and maximum flooding durations, maximum inundation area, and depth) are adopted to characterize the urban flood events. The impacts of climate change on these metrics are assessed for two periods, the 2030s (2020–2049) and 2070s (2060–2089), and compared with those in the baseline period (1976–2005). The Future Science City Park in Beijing, China, is selected as our study area. The results show that all four flood events are well simulated, with both efficiency coefficients and correlation coefficients being over 0.8. The number of overloaded manholes and the total flooding volume are projected to increase 19.3%–44.8% and 171%–716% under 20‐year rainfall events due to climate change in the two future periods. The spatial distribution of overloaded manholes with different increased flooding volumes is projected to expand to almost the whole area from the region with lowland and limited drainage capacity. Furthermore, the maximum inundation area and depth are projected to increase obviously. This study will be helpful for designing and improving the drainage system, controlling urban flooding, and adapting to climate change.
Cyanobacterial Soil Crust Responses to Rainfall and Effects on Wind Erosion in a Semiarid Environment, Australia: Implications for Landscape Stability
Authors: Bullard J. E. , Strong C. L. , Aubault H. A. P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyanobacterial biocrusts (CBCs) perform a range of functions including early successional colonization of substrates, modification of soil properties, surface stabilization and carbon sequestration. The response of CBCs to hydration is well‐constrained for cultured or single‐species but less so for in situ communities and there are few studies of CBC response to, and impact on, wind erosion. This paper investigates the in situ response of dryland CBCs to rainfall and wind erosion using biological and physical indicators. Field sites are in central Australia in three geomorphic situations ‐ sand dune, nebkha and claypan. Results indicate higher amounts of rainfall trigger a more intense biological response than lower amounts, but not one of longer duration. The intensity of photosynthetic response to rainfall appears related to air temperature. The relationship between CBC and soil loss by wind erosion is inconclusive, but saltation efficiency (Qs/Q) is highest on the dune and claypan when tested 48 hr after applying 5 mm of rainfall. This is attributed to rainfall detachment of sand particles increasing the availability of loose erodible material on the surface. The results highlight the rapid biological response of CBCs to rainfall events (within hours), and the importance of overall environmental conditions, such as air temperature, but raise questions as to the longevity of the biological impact of such response. Drought‐affected CBCs can protect the surface against wind erosion but dehydration may reduce resilience to disturbance and, under predicted future climate scenarios, the protective role of cyanobacterial crusts may be compromised.
Southeastern United States Hydroclimate During Holocene Abrupt Climate Events: Evidence From New Stalagmite Isotopic Records From Alabama
Authors: Medina‐Elizalde Martín , Perritano Stefan , DeCesare Matthew , Polanco‐Martinez Josué , Lases‐Hernandez Fernanda , Serrato‐Marks Gabriela , McGee David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present new high‐resolution absolute‐dated stalagmite δ18O and δ13C records from Alabama, southeastern United States (SE US), spanning the last 12 thousand years (ka). A local relationship between annual rainfall amount and its amount‐weighed δ18O composition exists on interannual timescales, driven mostly by an amount effect during summer and spring seasons. Based on a novel quantitative interpretation of modern rainfall isotopic data, stalagmite δ18O variability is interpreted to reflect the relative contribution of summer and spring precipitation combined, relative to combined fall and winter precipitation. Precipitation amount in the SE US increases during an interval of 500 yr coeval with the Younger Dryas and during the 8.2 ka and Little Ice Age abrupt cooling events. High precipitation during these events reflects enhancement of spring and summer precipitation by 90% combined, relative to today's conditions, while the contribution of fall and winter rainfall remained unchanged or decreased slightly. Results from this study support model simulation results that suggest increased precipitation in the SE US during Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown/shutdown. In association with Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitude cooling from the Early to mid‐Holocene, annual precipitation in the SE US decreases, a pattern distinctive from that observed during abrupt cooling events related to AMOC shifts. Long‐term hydroclimate change in the SE US is likely sensitive to summer insolation reduction as inferred to have occurred in other tropical and subtropical regions. The dynamical link between AMOC shutdown and precipitation variability in the SE US remains to be examined.
Bayesian Calibration of a Natural State Geothermal Reservoir Model, Krafla, North Iceland
Authors: Scott S. W. , O’Sullivan J. P. , Maclaren O. J. , Nicholson R. , Covell C. , Newson J. , Guðjónsdóttir M. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Krafla area in north Iceland hosts a high‐temperature geothermal system within a volcanic caldera. Temperature measurements from boreholes drilled for power generation reveal enigmatic contrasts throughout the drilled area. While wells in the western part of the production field indicate a 0.5–1 km thick near‐isothermal (∼210°C) liquid‐dominated reservoir underlain by a deeper boiling reservoir, wells in the east indicate boiling conditions extending from the surface to the maximum depth of drilled wells (∼2 km). Understanding these systematic temperature contrasts in terms of the subsurface permeability structure has remained challenging. Here, we present a new numerical model of the natural, pre‐exploitation state of the Krafla system, incorporating a new geologic/conceptual model and a version of TOUGH2 extending to supercritical conditions. The model shows how the characteristic temperature distribution results from structural partitioning of the system by a rift‐parallel eruptive fissure and an aquitard at the transition between deeper basement intrusions and high‐permeability extrusive volcanic rocks. As model calibration is performed using a Bayesian framework, the posterior results reveal significant uncertainty in the inferred permeability values for the different rock types, often exceeding two orders of magnitude. While the model shows how zones of single‐phase supercritical vapor develop above the deep intrusive heat source, more data from deep wells is needed to better constrain the extent and temperature of the deep supercritical zones. However, the model suggests the presence of a significant untapped resource at Krafla.
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 in the prefrontal cortex is required for prophylactic actions of (R)-ketamine
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Jiancheng , Fujita Yuko , Qu Youge , Shan Jiajing , Wan Xiayun , Wang Xingming , Ishima Tamaki , Kobayashi Kenta , Wang Long , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract(R, S)-ketamine has prophylactic antidepressant-like effects in rodents; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain unknown. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we searched novel molecular target(s) that contribute to the prophylactic effects of (R)-ketamine, a more potent enantiomer of (R, S)-ketamine. Pretreatment with (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, 6 days before) significantly ameliorated body weight loss, splenomegaly, and increased immobility time of forced swimming test in lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 1.0 mg/kg)-treated mice. RNA-sequencing analysis of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and subsequent IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) revealed that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFATc4) signaling might contribute to sustained prophylactic effects of (R)-ketamine. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that (R)-ketamine significantly attenuated the increased gene expression of NFATc4 signaling (Nfatc4, Cd4, Cd79b, H2-ab1, H2-aa) in the PFC of LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with NFAT inhibitors (i.e., NFAT inhibitor and cyclosporin A) showed prophylactic effects in the LPS-treated mice. Similar to (R)-ketamine, gene knockdown of Nfatc4 gene by bilateral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the mPFC could elicit prophylactic effects in the LPS-treated mice. In conclusion, our data implicate a novel NFATc4 signaling pathway in the PFC underlying the prophylactic effects of (R)-ketamine for inflammation-related depression.