bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the total PAHs concentrations in sediments from selected congeners using a multiple linear relationship
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Xu Huaping , Qu Xiaolei , Yang Kun , Lin Daohui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we observed that four congeners, including naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), phenanthrene (Phe), and benz(a)anthracene (BaA), are the characteristic congeners for predicting the emission and the sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A novel multiple relationship of the total PAHs concentrations (C∑PAHs) in sediments with the concentrations of four congeners was established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.95) using published data over the past 30 years. Moreover, the multiple linear relationship of the total PAHs emission factors with the emission factors of four congeners was also established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.99). Interestingly, the ratio of multicomponents coefficient from the multiple linear relationship in sediments to that from the multiple linear relationship in emission sources correlated positively with octanol–water partition coefficient (logKow) (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.88) of the four PAHs congeners. Therefore, a novel model was established to predict CΣPAHs in sediments using the emissions and logKow of the four characteristic PAHs congeners. The percent sample deviation between calculated C∑PAHs and their observed values was 54%, suggesting the established model can accurately predict CΣPAHs in sediments.
Hemodynamic variations in arterial wave reflection associated with the application of increasing levels of PEEP in healthy subjects
Authors: Belfiore Jacopo , Brogi Etrusca , Nicolini Niccolo , Deffenu Davide , Forfori Francesco , Palombo Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPositive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may affect arterial wave propagation and reflection, thus influencing ventricular loading conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the hemodynamic variations in arterial wave reflection (i.e., wave reflection time, augmentation index, left ventricular ejection time, diastolic time, SEVR) associated with the application of increasing levels of PEEP in healthy subjects. We conducted a prospective observational study. Study population was selected from students and staff. Pulse contour wave analysis was performed from the right carotid artery during stepwise increase in PEEP levels (from 0 cmH2O, 5 cmH20, 10 cmH2O) with applanation tonometry. Sixty-two healthy volunteers were recruited. There were no significant changes in heart rate, augmentation index (AIx), left ventricular ejection time, Diastolic time (DT) among all of the different steps. A significant increase of time to the inflection point (Ti) was observed during all steps of the study. Diastolic area under the curve (AUC) divided by systolic-AUC (SEVR) increased from baseline to PEEP = 5 cmH2O, and from baseline to PEEP = 10 cmH2O. AIx and Ti were significantly correlated (directly) at the baseline and during PEEP = 10 cmH2O. Ti and DT were significantly correlated at the baseline and during PEEP = 5 cmH2O. In our preliminary results, low levels of PEEP played a role in the interaction between the heart and the vascular system, apparently mediated by a prolongation of the diastolic phase and a reduction in the systolic work of the heart.Clinical trials registration number: NCT03294928, 19/09/2017.
Intralobular distribution of ovarian-like stroma in pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms: a discussion on its tumorigenesis
Authors: Fukumura Yuki , Kinowaki Yuko , Matsuda Yoko , Takase Masaru , Tonosaki Momoko , Minagawa Masaaki , Saiura Akio , Tanabe Minoru , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Kato Kota , Yao Takashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) has two histological components: tumor epithelia and ovarian-like stroma (OLS). To examine the progression and changes in pancreatic MCNs, we analyzed the distribution, amount, immunohistochemical phenotype, presence of theca cells of OLS, and tumor epithelium in 45 surgically resected MCN cases, comparing them with tumor sizes. The OLS data of female MCN cases were also compared between those who were ≤ 51 years old and those > 51 years old to see the effect of menopause on MCN histology. Non-mucinous type epithelium was present in all low-grade MCNs, but its ratio decreased with tumor size (p < 0.001), suggesting that epithelial mucinous changes are a progression phenomenon. The intralobular distribution of OLS was observed in 28.8% of MCN cases and was related to smaller tumor size (p < 0.0001), suggesting intralobular involvement of early MCNs. The nuclear expression of β-catenin and the cytoplasmic expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was observed in almost all OLS. OLS tended to be lesser among female cases aged > 51 years than those ≤ 51 years old, however it did not reach statistical significance. This is the first study to show the intralobular distribution of OLS.
Doubling of annual forest carbon loss over the tropics during the early twenty-first century
Authors: Feng Yu , Zeng Zhenzhong , Searchinger Timothy D. , Ziegler Alan D. , Wu Jie , Wang Dashan , He Xinyue , Elsen Paul R. , Ciais Philippe , Xu Rongrong , Guo Zhilin , Peng Liqing , Tao Yiheng , Spracklen Dominick V. , Holden Joseph , Liu Xiaoping , Zheng Yi , Xu Peng , Chen Ji , Jiang Xin , Song Xiao-Peng , Lakshmi Venkataraman , Wood Eric F. , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious estimates of tropical forest carbon loss in the twenty-first century using satellite data typically focus on its magnitude, whereas regional loss trajectories and associated drivers are rarely reported. Here we used different high-resolution satellite datasets to show a doubling of gross tropical forest carbon loss worldwide from 0.97 ± 0.16 PgC yr−1 in 2001–2005 to 1.99 ± 0.13 PgC yr−1 in 2015–2019. This increase in carbon loss from forest conversion is higher than in bookkeeping models forced by land-use statistical data, which show no trend or a slight decline in land-use emissions in the early twenty-first century. Most (82%) of the forest carbon loss is at some stages associated with large-scale commodity or small-scale agriculture activities, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. We find that ~70% of former forest lands converted to agriculture in 2001–2019 remained so in 2020, confirming a dominant role of agriculture in long-term pan-tropical carbon reductions on formerly forested landscapes. The acceleration and high rate of forest carbon loss in the twenty-first century suggest that existing strategies to reduce forest loss are not successful; and this failure underscores the importance of monitoring deforestation trends following the new pledges made in Glasgow.
Out-of-equilibrium phonons in gated superconducting switches
Authors: Ritter M. F. , Crescini N. , Haxell D. Z. , Hinderling M. , Riel H. , Bruder C. , Fuhrer A. , Nichele F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent experiments have suggested that superconductivity in metallic nanowires can be suppressed by the application of modest gate voltages. The source of this gate action has been debated and either attributed to an electric-field effect or to small leakage currents. Here we show that the suppression of superconductivity in titanium nitride nanowires on silicon substrates does not depend on the presence or absence of an electric field at the nanowire, but requires a current of high-energy electrons. The suppression is most efficient when electrons are injected into the nanowire, but similar results are obtained when electrons are passed between two remote electrodes. This is explained by the decay of high-energy electrons into phonons, which propagate through the substrate and affect superconductivity in the nanowire by generating quasiparticles. By studying the switching probability distribution of the nanowire, we also show that high-energy electron emission leads to a much broader phonon energy distribution compared with the case where superconductivity is suppressed by Joule heating near the nanowire.
Neuronal–glial communication perturbations in murine SOD1G93A spinal cord
Authors: MacLean Michael , López-Díez Raquel , Vasquez Carolina , Gugger Paul F. , Schmidt Ann Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease characterized by proteinaceous aggregate accumulation and neuroinflammation culminating in rapidly progressive lower and upper motor neuron death. To interrogate cell-intrinsic and inter-cell type perturbations in ALS, single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed on the lumbar spinal cord in the murine ALS modelSOD1G93Atransgenic and littermate control mice at peri-symptomatic onset stage of disease, age 90 days. This work uncovered perturbed tripartite synapse functions, complement activation and metabolic stress in the affected spinal cord; processes evidenced by cell death and proteolytic stress-associated gene sets. Concomitantly, these pro-damage events in the spinal cord co-existed with dysregulated reparative mechanisms. This work provides a resource of cell-specific niches in the ALS spinal cord and asserts that interwoven dysfunctional neuronal-glial communications mediating neurodegeneration are underway prior to overt disease manifestation and are recapitulated, in part, in the human post-mortem ALS spinal cord.
Social networks and the conservation of fish
Authors: Villegas-Ríos David , Jacoby David M. P. , Mourier Johann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite our critical dependence on aquatic wildlife, we lack a complete understanding of the drivers of population stability and structure for most fish species. Social network analysis has been increasingly used to investigate animal societies as it explicitly links individual decision-making to population-level processes and demography. While the study of social structure is of great ecological interest, it is also potentially important for species of economic value or of conservation concern. To date however, there has been little focus on how social processes are likely to influence the conservation of fish populations. Here we identify applications for how a social network approach can help address broad fish conservation themes such as population structure, biological invasions or fisheries management. We discuss the burgeoning opportunities offered and challenges still faced by current technologies to integrate social network approaches within fish conservation.
Coupled electronic and magnetic excitations in the cuprates and their role in the superconducting transition
Authors: Restrepo Francisco , Chatterjee Utpal , Gu Genda , Xu Hao , Morr Dirk K. , Campuzano Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe formation of Cooper pairs, a bound state of two electrons of opposite spin and momenta by exchange of a phonon, is a defining feature of conventional superconductivity. In the cuprate high temperature superconductors, even though the superconducting state also consists of Cooper pairs, the pairing mechanism remains intensely debated. Here, we investigate superconducting pairing in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) cuprate by employing spectral functions obtained from angle-resolved photoemission as input to the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Assuming Cooper pairing is driven by spin fluctuations, we construct the spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing interaction and use it to compute the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for multiple Bi2212 samples. The leading d-wave eigenvalue increases as the temperature is decreased toward Tc, reaching a value of approximately 1 at the Tc corresponding to each doping value. This suggests that spin fluctuations can approximately account for Tc and mediate pairing in the cuprate superconductors.
A human breast cancer-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology
Authors: Guillen Katrin P. , Fujita Maihi , Butterfield Andrew J. , Scherer Sandra D. , Bailey Matthew H. , Chu Zhengtao , DeRose Yoko S. , Zhao Ling , Cortes-Sanchez Emilio , Yang Chieh-Hsiang , Toner Jennifer , Wang Guoying , Qiao Yi , Huang Xiaomeng , Greenland Jeffery A. , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Lum David H. , Factor Rachel E. , Nelson Edward W. , Matsen Cindy B. , Poretta Jane M. , Rosenthal Regina , Beck Anna C. , Buys Saundra S. , Vaklavas Christos , Ward John H. , Jensen Randy L. , Jones Kevin B. , Li Zheqi , Oesterreich Steffi , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Pathi Satya S. , Woo Xing Yi , Berrett Kristofer C. , Wadsworth Mark E. , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Lewis Michael T. , Marth Gabor T. , Gertz Jason , Varley Katherine E. , Welm Bryan E. , Welm Alana L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModels that recapitulate the complexity of human tumors are urgently needed to develop more effective cancer therapies. We report a bank of human patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and matched organoid cultures from tumors that represent the greatest unmet need: endocrine-resistant, treatment-refractory and metastatic breast cancers. We leverage matched PDXs and PDX-derived organoids (PDxO) for drug screening that is feasible and cost-effective with in vivo validation. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of using these models for precision oncology in real time with clinical care in a case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with early metastatic recurrence. Our results uncovered a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug with high efficacy against the models. Treatment with this therapy resulted in a complete response for the individual and a progression-free survival (PFS) period more than three times longer than their previous therapies. This work provides valuable methods and resources for functional precision medicine and drug development for human breast cancer.
The Relevance of Leisure Noise to Hearing Threshold Shifts: A Longitudinal Analysis Among Adolescents
Authors: Walser-Reichenbach Sandra M. , Gerstner Doris G. , Twardella Dorothee , Jenkac Christina , Weilnhammer Veronika , Hendrowarsito Lana , Perez-Alvarez Carmelo , Steffens Thomas , Stilianakis Nikolaos I. , Herr Caroline E. W. , Heinze Stefanie 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the association of total leisure noise exposure and hearing threshold shifts over 5 years among adolescents enrolled in the Ohrkan cohort study.

Method:
The Ohrkan cohort of 2,148 students aged 13–19 years was recruited from 2009 to 2011 and followed up 5 years later. Complete baseline and follow-up reports on exposure and outcome were available for 989 participants. Leisure noise exposure was assessed by questionnaires, and clinical audiometric examinations were performed. Two outcomes were defined: occurrence of the Niskar notch pattern and audiometry showing maximum hearing threshold values at 3, 4, and 6 kHz (both ears). Longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations was performed.

Results:
High total leisure noise exposure, defined as an energy equivalent of a 40-hr week of > 85 dBA, was estimated for 32.7% of students at baseline and 63.8% at follow-up. A noise notch was observed in 1.1% of adolescents at baseline and 3.3% at follow-up. At baseline, the maximum measured threshold shift was 55 dB, which increased to 85 dB at the follow-up. Longitudinal analysis did not reveal an association between leisure noise exposure and hearing thresholds. Hearing threshold shifts or noise notches were associated with sex, school type, and time point of measurement.

Conclusions:
No relationship was found between leisure noise and hearing thresholds. Male adolescents and those attending secondary general schools, with graduation following completion of ninth or 10th grade, had a greater likelihood of developing hearing threshold shifts. Prevention programs should focus on these risk groups.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233462
Effects of Monaural versus Binaural Stimulation on P300 Scalp Topography in Elderly Listeners
Authors: Downs C. Renee , Hymel Murvin R. , Cranford Jerry L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe P300 event-related potential was recorded from groups of young and elderly listeners in response to monaural and binaural stimulation. An oddball stimulus paradigm was used to record responses from 19 scalp locations. When listening to binaural stimuli, the young group showed midline and central P300 amplitude maxima, whereas the elderly group exhibited maximal responses in the midline and parietal regions. With monaural stimulation, the young group's responses were similar to those obtained with binaural stimulation. The elderly group, however, showed evidence of a greater contralateral hemisphere response to monaural stimulation during the early part of the P300 response. These findings support the possibility that the P300 neural generators may change with age with respect to temporal onset characteristics or their orientation and strength.
Abbreviations: EEG = electroencephalographic, GFP = global field power
Transanal Endoscopic Platforms: TAMIS versus Rigid Platforms: Pros and Cons
Authors: Devane Liam A. , Daly Meghan C. , Albert Matthew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransanal endoscopic surgery encompasses the minimally invasive surgical techniques used to operate in the rectum under magnification while maintaining pneumorectum via a resectoscope or port. The view, magnification, and surgical precision afforded by these advanced transanal techniques have resulted in excellent specimen quality and low recurrence rates, especially compared with traditional transanal surgery. For rigid platforms, the surgeon operates through a rigid 4-cm diameter steel proctoscope of varying lengths that is clamped to the operating table with an articulating arm. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a newer flexible platform using a disposable port which “hooks” into the anorectal ring to remain in place. The cost-effectiveness and versatility of the TAMIS platform have resulted in its popularity and use in more advanced applications such as transanal total mesorectal excision. Ultimately, the choice of operating platform should be based on surgeon preference, patient characteristics, availability, and cost. The pros and cons of each platform will be discussed in this article.
Transanal Endoscopic Surgery: Who Should Be Doing This Procedure?
Authors: Fournier François Rouleau , Brown Carl James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransanal endoscopic surgery (TES) was introduced in the 1980s, but more widely adopted in the late 2000s with innovations in instrumentation and training. Moreover, the global adoption of minimally invasive approaches to abdominal procedures has led to translatable skills for TES among colorectal and general surgeons. While there are similarities to laparoscopic surgery, TES has unique challenges related to the narrow confines of intraluminal surgery, angled instrumentation, and relatively uncommon indications limiting the opportunity to practice. The following review discusses the current evidence on TES learning curves, including potential limitations related to the broad adoption of TES by general surgeons. This article aims to provide general recommendations for the safe expansion of TES.
Indications and Surgical Technique for Transanal Proctectomy and Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yuen Andrew , Brar Mantaj S. , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurgical management of inflammatory bowel disease has advanced significantly over the years. One particular focus of its evolution has been to minimize invasiveness. Transanal surgery has given the contemporary surgeon an alternate approach to access the low rectum situated in the confines of the deep pelvis. In benign disease, combining transanal surgery with laparoscopy has allowed for the development of novel techniques to create ileal pouch–anal anastomoses, perform intersphincteric Crohn's proctectomies, manage complications from pelvic surgery, and facilitate redo pelvic surgery. We aim to review the indications for transanal surgery in benign disease, describe an approach to transanal pouch surgery in detail, and discuss the potential benefits, pitfalls, and contentious issues surrounding this approach.
Dealing with Complications of Colorectal Surgery Using the Transanal Approach—When and How?
Authors: Talboom K. , Tanis P. J. , Bemelman W. A. , Hompes R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe transanal approach is a new and exciting addition to the surgeons' repertoire to deal with complications after colorectal surgery. Improved exposure, accessibility, and visibility greatly facilitate adequate dissection of the affected area with potential increase in effectiveness and reduced morbidity. An essential component in salvaging anastomotic leaks of low colorectal, coloanal, or ileoanal anastomoses is early diagnosis and early treatment, especially when starting with endoscopic vacuum therapy, followed by early surgical closure (endoscopic vacuum-assisted surgical closure). Redo surgery using a transanal minimally invasive surgery platform for chronic leaks after total mesorectal excision surgery or surgical causes of pouch failure successfully mitigates limited visibility and exposure by using a bottom-up approach.
Lexical Effects on Dichotic Word Recognition in Young and Elderly Listeners
Authors: Carter Anne Strouse , Wilson Richard H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDichotic listening was evaluated using monosyllabic word pairs that differed in lexical difficulty as defined by the Neighborhood Activation Model of spoken word recognition. Four combinations of lexically EASY and lexically HARD words were evaluated (same pair: EASY-EASY, HARD-HARD; or mixed pair: EASY-HARD, HARD-EASY) in young adult listeners with normal hearing and older adult listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. The same-pair data indicated that for all subjects, EASY words were identified correctly more often than HARD words, and recognition performance on words presented to the right ear was better than performance on words presented to the left ear. Overall performance was lower and the right-ear advantage was larger for the older group. The mixed-pair data for the young group revealed that EASY words were recognized more accurately than HARD words, regardless of the ear to which they were presented. For the older adults, the words presented to the right ear were recognized more accurately than were the words presented to the left ear, regardless of the type of word. The efficiency of the processing of stimuli from the left ear is discussed as an explanation of the results for the mixed-pair conditions.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CV = consonant-vowel, NAM = Neighborhood Activation Model