bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown-York mass and positive scalar curvature I: First eigenvalue problem and its applications
Authors: Yuan Wei 
Published: April 2022

In this article, we investigate the connection between scalar curvature and first eigenfunctions via positive mass theorem for Brown-York mass. For compact manifolds with nice boundary, we show that a sharp inequality holds for first eigenfunctions when posing appropriate assumptions on scalar curvature and first eigenvalue. This inequality implies that for a compact

n
n

-dimensional manifold with boundary, its first eigenvalue is no less than

n
n

, if its scalar curvature is at least

n
(
n
−
1
)

n(n-1)

with appropriate boundary conditions posed, where equality holds if and only the manifold is isometric to the canonical upper hemisphere. As an application, we derive an estimate for the area of event horizon in a vacuum static space with positive cosmological constant, which reveals an interesting connection between the area of event horizon and Brown-York mass. This estimate generalizes a similar result of Shen [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 125 (1997), pp. 901–905] for three dimensional vacuum static spaces and also improves the uniqueness result of de Sitter space-time due to Hizagi-Montiel-Raulot.
Preservation Rhinoplasty: Open or Closed?
Authors: Kosins Aaron M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Preservation rhinoplasty (PR) is an evolving philosophy.

Objectives
The open approach was initially utilized, but the author felt a closed approach might be of benefit in certain patients.

Methods
A total 162 primary rhinoplasty cases were studied retrospectively between May and November 2020. One hundred cases had at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients had follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery. Technical details were recorded, including dissection planes, preservation of the dorsum (DP) vs component reductions, surface vs foundational DP techniques, and open vs closed approach.

Results
One hundred patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. Fifty-six patients underwent an open approach and 44 a closed approach. Eighty-three patients had preservation of the dorsal soft tissue envelope. All patients who underwent a closed approach had preservation of the dorsal soft tissue envelope. Sixty-seven patients underwent DP, with 38 receiving surface techniques and 29 undergoing impaction techniques. Thirty-three patients underwent structural rhinoplasty with piezoelectric osteotomies and mid-vault reconstruction. All structural cases were performed employing an open approach. Four revision surgeries were necessary.

Conclusions
Open and closed approaches have indications depending on the tip and dorsal deformities. A closed PR is favored with thin skin, minimal dorsal modification, osseocartilaginous preservation (foundation techniques), less complex tip deformities, and overprojected noses. An open PR is favored for extensive dorsal modification, S-shaped nasal bones, complex tip deformities, and tip augmentation. Structural dorsal rhinoplasty is always conducted open and preferred for complex dorsal deformities and severe septal deviations.

Level of Evidence: 4
scESI: evolutionary sparse imputation for single-cell transcriptomes from nearest neighbor cells
Authors: Liu Qiaoming , Luo Ximei , Li Jie , Wang Guohua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ubiquitous dropout problem in single-cell RNA sequencing technology causes a large amount of data noise in the gene expression profile. For this reason, we propose an evolutionary sparse imputation (ESI) algorithm for single-cell transcriptomes, which constructs a sparse representation model based on gene regulation relationships between cells. To solve this model, we design an optimization framework based on nondominated sorting genetics. This framework takes into account the topological relationship between cells and the variety of gene expression to iteratively search the global optimal solution, thereby learning the Pareto optimal cell–cell affinity matrix. Finally, we use the learned sparse relationship model between cells to improve data quality and reduce data noise. In simulated datasets, scESI performed significantly better than benchmark methods with various metrics. By applying scESI to real scRNA-seq datasets, we discovered scESI can not only further classify the cell types and separate cells in visualization successfully but also improve the performance in reconstructing trajectories differentiation and identifying differentially expressed genes. In addition, scESI successfully recovered the expression trends of marker genes in stem cell differentiation and can discover new cell types and putative pathways regulating biological processes.
Structural landscapes of PPI interfaces
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos H M , Pires Douglas E V , Blundell Tom L , Ascher David B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProteins are capable of highly specific interactions and are responsible for a wide range of functions, making them attractive in the pursuit of new therapeutic options. Previous studies focusing on overall geometry of protein–protein interfaces, however, concluded that PPI interfaces were generally flat. More recently, this idea has been challenged by their structural and thermodynamic characterisation, suggesting the existence of concave binding sites that are closer in character to traditional small-molecule binding sites, rather than exhibiting complete flatness. Here, we present a large-scale analysis of binding geometry and physicochemical properties of all protein–protein interfaces available in the Protein Data Bank. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the protein–protein interface landscape, including evidence that even for overall larger, more flat interfaces that utilize discontinuous interacting regions, small and potentially druggable pockets are utilized at binding sites.
DeepHisCoM: deep learning pathway analysis using hierarchical structural component models
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Kim Boram , Park Taesung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany statistical methods for pathway analysis have been used to identify pathways associated with the disease along with biological factors such as genes and proteins. However, most pathway analysis methods neglect the complex nonlinear relationship between biological factors and pathways. In this study, we propose a Deep-learning pathway analysis using Hierarchical structured CoMponent models (DeepHisCoM) that utilize deep learning to consider a nonlinear complex contribution of biological factors to pathways by constructing a multilayered model which accounts for hierarchical biological structure. Through simulation studies, DeepHisCoM was shown to have a higher power in the nonlinear pathway effect and comparable power for the linear pathway effect when compared to the conventional pathway methods. Application to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) omics datasets, including metabolomic, transcriptomic and metagenomic datasets, demonstrated that DeepHisCoM successfully identified three well-known pathways that are highly associated with HCC, such as lysine degradation, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Application to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset also showed that DeepHisCoM identified four pathways that are highly associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Codes are available at https://github.com/chanwoo-park-official/DeepHisCoM.
VIPPID: a gene-specific single nucleotide variant pathogenicity prediction tool for primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Fang Mingyan , Su Zheng , Abolhassani Hassan , Itan Yuval , Jin Xin , Hammarström Lennart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Distinguishing pathogenic variants from non-pathogenic ones remains a major challenge in clinical genetic testing of primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients. Most of the existing mutation pathogenicity prediction tools treat all mutations as homogeneous entities, ignoring the differences in characteristics of different genes, and use the same model for genes in different diseases. In this study, we developed a single nucleotide variant (SNV) pathogenicity prediction tool, Variant Impact Predictor for PIDs (VIPPID; https://mylab.shinyapps.io/VIPPID/), which was tailored for PIDs genes and used a specific model for each of the most prevalent PID known genes. It employed a Conditional Inference Forest model and utilized information of 85 features of SNVs and scores from 20 existing prediction tools. Evaluation of VIPPID showed that it had superior performance (area under the curve = 0.91) over non-specific conventional tools. In addition, we also showed that the gene-specific model outperformed the non-gene-specific models. Our study demonstrated that disease-specific and gene-specific models can improve SNV pathogenicity prediction performance. This observation supports the notion that each feature of mutations in the model can be potentially used, in a new algorithm, to investigate the characteristics and function of the encoded proteins.
Long-Term Ecological Research on Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change
Authors: Jones Julia A , Driscoll Charles T 
Published: April 2022

abstractIn this article marking the 40th anniversary of the US National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network, we describe how a long-term ecological research perspective facilitates insights into an ecosystem's response to climate change. At all 28 LTER sites, from the Arctic to Antarctica, air temperature and moisture variability have increased since 1930, with increased disturbance frequency and severity and unprecedented disturbance types. LTER research documents the responses to these changes, including altered primary production, enhanced cycling of organic and inorganic matter, and changes in populations and communities. Although some responses are shared among diverse ecosystems, most are unique, involving region-specific drivers of change, interactions among multiple climate change drivers, and interactions with other human activities. Ecosystem responses to climate change are just beginning to emerge, and as climate change accelerates, long-term ecological research is crucial to understand, mitigate, and adapt to ecosystem responses to climate change.
Female Teachers’ Effect on Their Pupils’ Voting Behavior and Views on Female Labor Force Participation
Authors: Yamamura Eiji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using independently collected individual-level data, this study examines the influence of learning in a female teacher homeroom class in elementary school on pupils’ future voting behavior. Furthermore, it evaluates the female teacher’s effect on their preference for women’s participation in the workplace in adulthood. We find that having a female teacher in the first year of school makes individuals more likely to vote for female candidates and prefer female labor participation policies in adulthood. However, this effect is only observed among male pupils. These findings offer new evidence for the female socialization hypothesis. (JEL codes: D72, D78, J16, and I21)
Can Monetary Policy Affect Bank Behaviour? Evidence from Bank Credit Standards
Authors: Michail Nektarios , Koursaros Demetris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We examine whether conventional monetary policy has an impact on bank credit standards (CS) through the manipulation of interest rates. Using three distinct methodologies, to provide more insights and perspectives to this relationship, the results confirm that the policy rate appears to have a positive relationship with CS, that is an increase in interest rates would, ceteris paribus, lead to a tightening of CS. However, this effect is not found to be large and, most importantly, it is likely to be outweighed by the presence of counteracting factors, the most notable of which is private consumption. Other macroeconomic factors such as inflation, investment, and housing prices also have an impact on bank CS, the size of which varies across specifications. The empirical results suggest that while the interest rate can cool off banking behaviour, ceteris paribus, that is if no change in the economy takes place, this is not likely a realistic scenario. (JEL codes: E51, E52, E58, and G21)
Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron and Other Variants in Serum From Children With Vaccination-Induced Myocarditis
Authors: Zahra Fatema Tuz , Grubbs Gabrielle , Dummer Kirsten , Tremoulet Adriana H , Shimizu Chisato , Burns Jane C , Khurana Surender 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Our study demonstrates that children who developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination-induced myocarditis and may not receive another vaccination, could be susceptible to infection with Omicron and emerging variants. We observed higher neutralizing antibody titers in myocarditis patients vs. healthy vaccinated children, but significantly lower neutralization titers against Omicron in both groups.
Evaluation of Organic, Food-Grade Hydrophobic Coatings for Suppressing Oviposition and Increasing Mortality of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Yee Wee L , Kaiser Clive 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Newer organic options for protecting fruit from tephritid fruit fly attack are needed to reduce extensive insecticide use. Here, we evaluated organic, food-grade hydrophobic coatings that help protect sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) from water-induced cracking for suppressing attack on cherries by western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephtitidae), as well as for their effects on fly mortality. Three formulations of coatings called HydroShield 13.20, 13.22, and 13.28 that form invisible elastic barriers on cherries and that consist of complex carbohydrates, fatty acids and occlusive agents, solvents, emulsifiers, emollients, surfactants, and other ingredients were tested. In the laboratory, fly visits on and oviposition in HydroShield-coated cherries were 66.1–92.8% and 59.1–99.5% lower, respectively, than in controls. The mean number of dead female flies exposed to HydroShield-coated cherries was 69.4–94.6% greater than of females exposed to control cherries. In the field, three sprays of HydroShield 13.22 and 13.20 on sweet cherry trees in 2020, when fly densities were high, reduced larval infestations in cherries by 32.1% and 31.8%, respectively. In the field in 2021, when fly densities were lower, three sprays of HydroShield 13.22 and 13.28 reduced infestations in cherries by 90.5% and 86.8%, respectively, but sprays also reduced cherry size and toughened cherries. HydroShield formulations show promise in protecting sweet cherry from attack by R. indifferens, but further testing is needed to improve formulations so that they suppress fly oviposition without affecting cherry quality.
Seasonal Phenology of Velvet Longhorned Beetle, Trichoferus campestris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Minnesota
Authors: Haynes A Grace , Streifel Marissa A , Ambourn Angie K , Aukema Brian H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of a species’ phenology can assist with timing accurate surveys to detect presence and density in a novel environment. Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) has been found in the United States since the 1990s, but its biology and behavior remain poorly understood. This study investigated the phenology of T. campestris in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, based on local temperature data. In the summers of 2019 and 2020, 30 and 40 pheromone-baited traps, respectively, were deployed in trees in suburban parks to monitor capture of local individuals. Traps were suspended from branches of mature trees selected at random, with nine genera of trees selected over both years. Early, peak, and late adult abundance were characterized, and the impact of tree genus in which each trap was hung was evaluated. Abundance was found to be unimodal both summers with a peak around 650 degree days (base 10°C) in early July. Significantly more adult T. campestris were caught in traps hung in trees of the genus Tilia than in trees of the genus Quercus. These findings are important first steps to improving monitoring of T. campestris presence and conducting risk assessments.
‘This is not what I want for my children’: agency and parenting in Danish asylum centres
Authors: Barghadouch Amina , Skovdal Morten , Norredam Marie , Vitus Kathrine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Children of asylum-seeking families constitute a particularly vulnerable group, and there is growing interest in understanding how asylum-seeking parents can be supported to safeguard the health, wellbeing and growth of their children. In this study, we examine the capabilities of asylum-seeking parents to act on the support and advice provided by child health nurses in Danish asylum centres.

Methods
We draw on semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 asylum-seeking families (corresponding to 15 parents) living in two asylum centres run by the Danish Red Cross.

Results
The findings illustrate that asylum-seeking parents’ agentic capabilities to take care of their children are tightly constrained by their housing constrictions and living conditions, insufficient money allowances, regular relocations and juridical status as asylum-seekers. These physical and organizational structures and the pervasive uncertainty related to being asylum-seekers inhibited parents from acting on advice from child health nurses, and from providing their children with a safe, healthy and stable environment.

Conclusions
Asylum-seeking parents face the task of taking care of their children within particular physical, organizational and juridical structures, which tightly constrain their ability to parent their children well, or to follow advice provided by child health nurses.
Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with or without portal vein tumour thrombosis
Authors: Chen Shiguang , Yu Wenchang , Zhang Kongzhi , Liu Weifu , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Chuanben 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis. According to the HCC management guidelines in China, the standard treatment of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B or C HCC with portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT) is chemoembolization. However, some patients with BCLC stage B or C HCC with PVTT respond poorly to chemoembolization. We aimed to compare tumour responses and survival benefits between patients with unresectable HCC with or without PVTT.

Methods
We reviewed 119 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC with PVTT (n = 67) and without PVTT (n = 52) who underwent hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed between January 2018 and April 2021. Overall survival, progression-free survival, tumour responses, and adverse events were compared between the groups.

Results
There were no significant between-group differences in the objective response rates and median progression-free survival. The median overall survival was significantly longer in the group without PVTT than in that with PVTT (17.0 vs 10.4 months, respectively; P = 0.024).

Conclusion
Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed may be efficacious in patients with unresectable HCC with or without PVTT.
Effects of laboratory salmon louse infection on mortality, growth, and sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Fraser Thomas W K , Hansen Tom J , Karlsen Ørjan , Bui Samantha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Elevated salmon louse infection pressure generated by salmon farming represents a major threat for wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This study explored the effect of salmon lice on mortality, and body and gonad growth in F1 wild Atlantic salmon. Mature males (jacks) and immature fish were either infected with two different louse infection intensities (LIIs, 0.08 or 0.35 lice g−1) or kept as uninfected controls. Fish maturation was thereafter environmentally stimulated in seawater, followed by transfer to freshwater for 38 d to simulate river ascendance. No females matured, while 99% of the initially immature males started puberty. Jacks had high, and immature and maturing fish low, seawater mortality, independent of lice. The parasites had an LII-dependent negative effect on growth in length, weight, and condition factor in seawater. In freshwater, after the lice had detached, fish that were previously infected in seawater had reduced growth in length but not weight when compared to the uninfected control. The parasites did not affect relative gonad size in any fish phenotypes. The present results show that Atlantic salmon has a complex, and unexplored, regulation of growth when recovering from lice infection under laboratory settings. Further, the results suggest that possible negative effects of salmon louse on reproductive success in Atlantic salmon is most likely governed by the reduced body size and condition. However, further work on possible effects of salmon louse on semen quality is encouraged.
Rousseau’s illiberal constitutionalism: Austerity, domination, and the circumstances of politics
Authors: Daly Eoin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While contemporary commentary on illiberal constitutionalism has focused on questions of democratic procedure—highlighting populist attacks on constitutional structures—a rather different dimension or tradition of illiberal constitutionalism is found in the constitutional projects of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. While the illiberalism of Rousseau’s theory of political freedom is well understood in abstract terms, the illiberalism of his substantive constitutional proposals has not been commented upon to the same extent. In this article, I argue that the illiberal constitutional devices he prescribes for specific eighteenth-century societies help shed some light not only on the foundations of Rousseau’s antiliberal philosophy, but also, relatedly, on certain weaknesses or blind spots of liberal constitutionalism, particularly in its orientation towards questions of freedom and domination. While Rousseau aims to foster social and economic austerity using constitutional devices, this not only illustrates an alternative dimension of illiberal constitutionalism, but also speaks to a dimension of freedom and domination—especially in the symbolic and cultural realms—that liberal constitutionalism tends to ignore.
Human–machine interaction in self-driving vehicles: a perspective on product liability
Authors: Schellekens Maurice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cars are increasingly being automated, with the ultimate goal of creating a completely self-driving car. The interaction between the human driver or user of an automated vehicle and the driving automation will radically change from the interaction drivers now have with their vehicles. This article classifies the various new interactions that will occur as automation progresses through the six levels of automation discerned by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Smooth interaction between man and machine is critical for safety. A breakdown in interaction can easily give rise to accidents. The ensuing liability questions are difficult to solve: who is responsible for a breakdown in interaction? This article looks through the lens of EU product liability law as harmonized in directive 85/374/EC and asks whether failed man–machine interactions may be qualified as defects.