bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Spectrum of CASPR2 and LGI1 Antibodies Associated Neurological Disorders in Children
Authors: Jiang Yan , Tan Chengbing , Li Tingsong , Song Xiaojie , Ma Jiannan , Yao Zhengxiong , Hong Siqi , Li Xiujuan , Jiang Li , Luo Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe clinical data of patients with double-positive for leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibodies is limited, particularly for children. This study aimed to investigate and summarize the clinical features and long-term prognosis of children’s LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies related to neurological disorders.MethodsWe collected the clinical data and prognosis of patients with dual positive antibodies of CASPR2 and LGI1, hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical phenotypes of this disorder in children by reviewing the published literature.ResultsTwo patients presenting with variable neurological symptoms including pain, hypertension, profuse sweating, irritability, and dyssomnia from Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in this study. Together with the two patients, we identified 17 children with dual CASPR2 and LGI1 antibodies, including 12 males and 5 females. At the onset, the median age was 4.1 years (range 1–16, interquartile range 2.5–13.5), with 9 children younger than 5 years and 6 adolescents. Of the 17 patients, 11 were diagnosed with Morvan syndrome, 4 with acquired neuromyotonia, 1 with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and 1 with Guillain-Barré syndrome combined with Morvan syndrome. Dysautonomia (14/17, 82.3%), pain (13/17, 76.4%), sleep disorders (13/17, 76.4%), encephalopathy (12/17, 70.5%), and weight loss (10/17, 58.8%) were the most frequently described symptoms overall. No tumors were identified. Of the 17 patients, 13 received immunotherapy comprising IVIG combination of IVMP during the acute symptomatic phase followed by oral prednisolone to maintain remission (n = 7), the combination of IVIG, IVMP, oral prednisolone and methotrexate (n = 1), the combination of IVIG, IVMP, and mycophenolate mofetil (n = 1), the combination of IVIG, IVMP, oral prednisolone, and rituximab (n = 1), IVIG only (n = 2), IVMP only (n = 1). Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores in the acute phase were 3 (range 1–4) and improved gradually. Over the follow-up (median 8.6 months, range 1–36 months), 52.9% (9/17) of the patients recovered completely; one patient relapsed and showed immunotherapy-dependent.ConclusionLGI1 and CASPR2 double-positive antibodies associated with the neurological diseases can occur in children of all ages and involve multiple nervous systems. Morvan syndrome is the most common phenotype of this disorder. The long-term outcomes are mostly favorable upon immunotherapy.
Seizure Characteristics and Background Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Activity in Neonatal Rats Subjected to Hypoxia–Ischemia
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Xue Fenqin , Wen Jialin , Gao Limin , Li Yang , Jiang Qianqian , Yang Lijun , Cui Hong 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePerinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of epilepsy and chronic neurologic morbidity in premature infants. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of acute seizures and the pattern of background activity on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in neonatal rats with HIE.MethodsHypoxia–ischemia (HI) was induced in postnatal day (P) 3 neonatal rats (n = 12) by ligation of the left carotid artery and exposure to airtight hypoxia for 2 h. Data regarding seizure type, frequency, and duration and those related to neurobehavioral development were collected, and the integrated power of background EEG was analyzed to evaluate the effect of HI.ResultsAll neonatal rats in the HI group experienced frequent seizures during hypoxia, and 83.3% of rats (10/12) experienced seizures immediately after hypoxia. Seizure frequency and duration gradually decreased with increasing age. The mortality rate of the HI group was 8.33% (1/12); 120 h after HI induction, only 27.3% (3/11) of pups had low-frequency and short-duration electrographic seizures, respectively. HI rats, which presented seizure activities 96 h after HI insult, exhibited an increase in righting reflex time and a decrease in forelimb grip reflex time. Background EEG was significantly inhibited during HI induction and immediately after hypoxia and gradually recovered 72 h after hypoxia.ConclusionSeizures caused by HI brain damage in premature infants can be simulated in the P3 neonatal rat model.
Coping With Anxiety: Brain Structural Correlates of Vigilance and Cognitive Avoidance
Authors: Günther Vivien , Jahn Salome , Webelhorst Carolin , Bodenschatz Charlott Maria , Bujanow Anna , Mucha Simone , Kersting Anette , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Egloff Boris , Lobsien Donald , Suslow Thomas 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIndividuals differ in their dispositional coping behavior when they are confronted with anxiety-provoking situations. Cognitive avoidance is characterized by a withdrawal from threatening information, whereas vigilance denotes the intensive search for threat-related information. Functional neuroimaging studies indicate alterations in brain responsivity to emotional stimuli as a function of cognitive avoidant and vigilant coping, but findings are partially discrepant. Studies on structural correlates of coping styles are scarce.Materials and MethodsBy using structural magnetic resonance imaging, the present study examined the relationship between brain gray matter volume and coping strategies in 114 healthy individuals. Individual differences in vigilance and cognitive avoidance were measured by the Mainz Coping Inventory.ResultsExploratory whole-brain analyses were conducted. Cognitive avoidant coping significantly predicted reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral thalamus, whereas vigilant coping was associated with volumetric increases in the bilateral thalamus. These relationships remained significant when controlling for a potential influence of age, sex, depressive symptoms, and trait anxiety.DiscussionOur findings indicate that dispositional strategies to deal with anxiety-provoking situations are related to volumetric alterations in the thalamus, a brain structure that has been implicated in the mediation of attentional processes and alertness, and the anticipation of harm. The dispositional tendency to monitor the environment for potential threats (i.e., vigilance), appears to be associated with volumetric increases in the thalamus, whereas the dispositional inclination to divert one’s attention away from distressing stimuli (i.e., cognitive avoidance) seems to go along with reductions in thalamic gray matter density.
Association Between Natural/Built Campus Environment and Depression Among Chinese Undergraduates: Multiscale Evidence for the Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Factors After Controlling for Residential Self-Selection
Authors: Yang Haoran , Cui Xiangfen , Dijst Martin , Tian Senlin , Chen Jie , Huang Jianhong 
Published: April 2022

AimEvidence on the association between natural-built environments and depression is largely derived from the general population and prone to residential self-selection bias because of the nature of cross-sectional research design. Despite emerging adulthood, which includes the university years, is a critical stage for forming life-long health habits, studies on this topic focusing on undergraduate students are limited. The current study aims to illustrate the underlying mechanisms for how the campus-based environments affect depression in undergraduate students.MethodsBased on a nationwide representative analytical sample of 22,009 Chinese undergraduates in 2018, we examined participants' reports of depression and campus-centered natural/built environments within multiple buffer sizes including 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 km. After disentangling residential self-selection, we explored the moderating role of the socioeconomic attributes of undergraduates. The depression outcome was measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9). Indicators of exposure to green and blue space, transportation infrastructure, and food environments were objectively assessed using different circular buffers around each campus address.ResultsModeling results indicated that campus neighborhoods with more scattered trees (0.5 km), water (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 km), and street intersections (1.0 and 2.5 km) were protective against depression. In contrast, those living near denser distributions of outlets serving take-away sweets and fast food (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 km) were susceptible to depression. These associations were modified by undergraduates' socioeconomic attributes (e.g., grade, Hukou status, and ethnicity) and varied according to geographical scales and exposure metrics.ConclusionTo deliver effective environmental interventions to curb the prevalence of depression among undergraduate students, further planning policies should focus on the careful conception of the campus-based environment, especially regarding different spatial scales.
The Impact of Working Environment on Nurses' Caring Behavior in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Arsat Norkiah , Chua Bee Seok , Wider Walton , Dasan Norsimah 
Published: April 2022

AimsThis study aims to investigate 5 types of work environment influencing nurses' caring behavior, namely (i) participation in hospital affairs, (ii) foundations for quality of care, (iii) manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses, (iv) staffing and resource adequacy, and (v) nurse-physician relations.DesignThis research is a cross-sectional study using the survey method.MethodsData were collected from 3,532 nurses working in public hospitals and health clinics within Sabah, Malaysia in 2015. The hypothesized model was evaluated using partial least squares method.ResultsThe findings reveal that all forms of work environment have a positive effect on nurses' caring behavior except for staffing and resource adequacy which shows a negative effect on caring behavior.ConclusionOverall, this study has added to theoretical contributions in the academic and research fields as well as in practical implications in the field of nursing practice by addressing the influence of work environments on caring behavior.Implications for Nursing ManagementThe present research has provided convergent evidence on the role of the working environment in influencing the behavior of nurses working in hospitals and health clinics in Sabah, Malaysia.
Sulfur- and Iron-Rich Mineralogical Features Preserved in Permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic: Analogs for the Astrobiological Exploration of Mars
Authors: Lau Graham E. , Trivedi Christopher B. , Grasby Stephen E. , Spear John R. , Cosmidis Julie , Templeton Alexis S. 
Published: April 2022

Elliptical sulfate-rich features, stained red by the presence of iron oxides, are set within permafrost and carbonate rock at Borup Fiord Pass in the Canadian High Arctic. These features, which vary in diameter from ∼0.5 to 3 m, exhibit the co-localization of sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) minerals, with S and Fe both preserved in multiple oxidation states. Through application of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman microspectroscopy, we find that these features appear to encapsulate central cores with abundant pyrite while S0, gypsum, and iron-bearing secondary minerals such as jarosite, goethite, and hematite have formed from oxidative weathering of the pyrite. These features appear similar to terrestrial gossans, mineral features representative of weathered sulfide ores in the near-surface. We use Raman microspectroscopy and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to show that organic carbon is associated with the minerals within these features. The origin of this carbon remains enigmatic; however, we consider the possibility that this carbon, along with etching of the pyrite grains and accumulation of encrusted filaments detected in the features, may be indicative of preserved biological activity during alteration of the pyrite. We also consider how such geological sulfide emplacements and their weathered surface expressions may provide a target for future surface and remote sensing studies of Mars and in the search for extraterrestrial life.
Developments and Emerging Trends in the Global Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis From 2001 to 2020: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhou Fangwei , Zhang Tian , Jin Ying , Ma Yifei , Xian Zhipeng , Zeng Mengting , Yu Guodong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundResearch on the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has increased in recent decades. We undertook a bibliometric and visualization analysis of studies on CRS treatment to track research trends and highlight current research “hotspots”.MethodsOriginal publications related to CRS treatment were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics between 2001 and 2020. The country/region, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords involved in this topic were extracted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to identify and analyze the research focus and trends in this field.ResultsIn the previous two decades (especially after 2015), the number of publications on CRS treatment has grown markedly. With regard to publications and access to collaborative networks, the leading country was the USA. High-frequency keywords were “CRS,” “endoscopic sinus surgery,” “sinusitis,” “nasal polyps,” “asthma,” “rhinosinusitis,” “management,” “diagnosis,” “outcomes,” and “quality of life.” Inspection of keyword bursts suggested that “clinical practice guideline,” “adult CRS,” “innate lymphoid cell,” “recurrence,” and “mepolizumab” are the emerging research hotspots. The timeline view of the cluster map revealed that biologic agents have become an up-and-coming “hot topic” in CRS treatment in recent years.ConclusionAcademic understanding of CRS treatment has improved markedly over the past 20 years. We study analyzed the papers objectively, methodically, and comprehensively, and identified hotspots and prospective trends in the field of CRS treatment. These results will aid rhinologists in gaining greater insight into CRS treatment strategies and identifying the changing dynamics of CRS research.
Early Ambulation to Prevent Delirium After Long-Time Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Kim Jeong Heon , Lee Yoon Se , Kim Yong Han , Cho Ki Ju , Jung Young Ho , Choi Seung-Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePostoperative delirium is known to have various adverse effects on head and neck surgery patients. This study was designed to identify possible risk factors of delirium following long periods of head and neck cancer surgery and to help prevent postoperative delirium.MethodsWe enrolled 197 patients who underwent long-time (&gt;6 h) head and neck surgery at the Asan Medical Center from January 2017 to December 2018 in this study. Clinical covariates that may be associated with delirium were analyzed retrospectively using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsDelirium occurred in 18 patients (9.1%). Within the first 7 days, 16 patients (88.9%) experienced delirium. Upon univariate analysis, delirium was associated with old age (≥75, p = 0.001), past neurological history (p = 0.019), time to ambulation (p = 0.014), and postoperative hospital day (p = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, old age (≥75, odds ratios (OR) 6.16, CI 2.00–19.00, p = 0.002), time to ambulation (OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.017), and past neurological history (OR 5.26, CI 1.09–25.37, p = 0.039) were significant risk factors associated with postoperative delirium.ConclusionsOlder patients or patients with neurologic history must be attended with care, especially early after surgery. Encouraging early ambulation might lower the incidence of postoperative delirium and, subsequently, reduce adverse effects. This result could benefit patients by helping them avoid undesirable outcomes.
High Density RF-DC Plasma Nitriding under Optimized Conditions by Plasma-Diagnosis
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Rsadi Imron , Yunata Ersyzario Edo 
Published: April 2022

This paper is concerned with plasma diagnosis on a N2-H2 gas mixture to determine the optimum parameters for the nitriding process. Plasma parameters such as pressure, RF-voltage, and DC-bias were varied for optimization. The active species such as N2+ and NH were identified in plasma diagnosis. In the N2-H2 gas mixture, hydrogen imposed a great influence on plasma generation. The small addition of a hydrogen molecule into the gas mixture resulted in the highest yield of N2+ ions and NH radicals; the optimum hydrogen content was 20% in the mixture. The austenitic stainless-steel type AISI304 was nitrided at 673 K and 623 K to experimentally demonstrate that hydrogen gas content optimization is necessary to improve the surface hardness and to describe low temperature nitriding under high nitrogen flux at the surface.
Telehealth use in patients with type 2 diabetes in Australian general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imai Chisato , Thomas Judith , Hardie Rae-Anne , Pearce Christopher , Badrick Tony , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Australian government introduced temporary government-subsidised telehealth service items (phone and video-conference) in mid-March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The uptake of telehealth by patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for consulting with GPs is unknown.AimTo evaluate the uptake of telehealth consultations and associated patient characteristics in Australian general practice, including the frequency of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests and change in HbA1c levels by telehealth use, compared with guideline recommendations.Design & settingThis exploratory study used electronic patient data from approximately 800 general practices in Victoria and New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A pre-COVID-19 period from March 2019–February 2020 was compared with a pandemic period from March 2020–February 2021. Patients diagnosed with T2DM before March 2018 were included.MethodTelehealth uptake patterns were examined overall and by patient characteristics. Generalised estimating equation models were used to examine patient probability of 6-monthly HbA1c testing and change in HbA1c levels, comparing between patients who did and patients who did not use telehealth.ResultsOf 57 916 patients, 80.8% had telehealth consultations during the pandemic period. Telehealth consultations were positively associated with patients with T2DM who were older, female, had chronic kidney disease (CKD), prescribed antidiabetic medications, and living in remote areas. No significant difference was found in 6-monthly HbA1c testing and HbA1c levels between telehealth users and patients who had face-to-face consultations only.ConclusionTelehealth GP consultations were well utilised by patients with T2DM. Diabetes monitoring care via telehealth is as effective as face-to-face consultations.
Propuesta de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de tres textos universitarios de Anatomía macroscópica Humana
Authors: Osorio Sonia , Zúñiga Janneth , Pérez Luz Edith 
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito identificar la propuesta de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación (E-A-Ev) de tres textos universitarios de anatomía macroscópica humana (AMH), y a partir de esta, proponer una mejora para el diseño y utilización de los mismos; el aprendizaje de la AMH ha sido considerado fundamental en la formación de los estudiantedel programa académico de Medicina y Cirugía. La enseñanza que se practica en las escuelas de Medicina se ha clasificado como tradicional, caracterizada por una concepción transmisionista del saber, el aprendizaje en este enfoque es memorístico y repetitivo y en cuanto a la evaluación del conocimiento anatómico, generalmente se corrobora con una prueba de respuesta múltiple, en el que se evalúa la acumulación de información.
Para la revisión y análisis de los textos se plantearon tres fases; primero, se seleccionaron los libros objeto de estudio, de acuerdo a una consulta realizada a profesores universitarios del área. Segundo, se identificó la propuesta de E-A-Ev, a través de la elaboración de una tabla comparativa y siguiendo características propuestas por diferentes autores para responder a las siguientes preguntas ¿cuál es el propósito del texto?, ¿cuál es la estructura del texto?, ¿cómo se propone la enseñanza?, ¿cómo se concibe el aprendizaje?, ¿cómo se planea la evaluación? ¿cuál es la retórica utilizada? y ¿qué ilustraciones e imágenes se utilizan para representar los conceptos?. Tercero, de acuerdo al análisis realizado, se planteó una propuesta para contribuir a una mejora del diseño y utilización de los textos.
Ansiedad matemática y perfil profesional: Estudio de caso de un municipio del departamento de Santander (Colombia) en el año 2020.
Authors: Castellanos Mónica , Vásquez Laura Isabel , Vasquez Jesús 
Published: April 2022

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar la relación entre la ansiedad matemática y el perfil profesional de un grupo de estudiantes de secundaria en el departamento de Santander (Colombia) en el año 2020. Se llevó a cabo una investigación de corte transversal con 121 estudiantes de una institución educativa que aceptaron participar del estudio. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: la Escala Abreviada de Ansiedad Matemática y el Inventario de Preferencias Profesionales para Jóvenes. La estimación y análisis de las variables asociadas a la ansiedad matemática de los participantes se hizo mediante un modelo bivariado de regresión logística con un nivel de confianza de 95 % y precisión de 5 %. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos es posible rescatar dos fenómenos manifiestos: en primer lugar, la asociación significativa entre la ansiedad matemática y la personalidad social (p> 0,05), observando que la presencia de la primera aumenta la probabilidad de una inclinación hacia la personalidad social en un 62% (IC 95% 0,007- 0,580). En segundo lugar, la presencia de ansiedad matemática incrementa en 7 veces más la probabilidad de tener una personalidad emprendedora (alta; IC 95% 1,18- 7,65).
Existe una relación entre la ansiedad matemática y las características de las personalidades social y emprendedora, indicando que quienes se inclinan hacia la personalidad social tienen más probabilidad de presentar ansiedad matemática, mientras quienes tienden hacia la personalidad emprendedora tienen menos posibilidades de presentar dicho fenómeno.