bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of oropharyngeal cancer continue to rise steeply amongst Australian men
Authors: Fan Ka Ming , Sprague Samuel , Zhang Ping , Ariyawardana Anura , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to analyse the trends in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) across Australia from 1982 to 2017 with implications for prevention.MethodsData were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database (ACD) compiled at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Joinpoint analyses are presented.Results and discussionThere was a striking increase of age‐standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of OPC by over 1.5 times; the most significant rise was between 2007 and 2017 with an annual percentage change (APC) of +5.24% (p < 0.001). Slow but gradual growth of ASIR was observed amongst women with a statistically significant APC of +1.02% (p < 0.001). Statistically significant bimodal increasing trends of APC were also observed in total ASIR of OPC. These rising trends are widely attributed to increased oral sex practices. The highest number of incident cases was found in patients aged 55–69 years attributable to continued alcohol and tobacco exposure. The most common subsites affected were base of the tongue (BOT) and ‘oropharynx’ from 1982 to 2017.ConclusionOropharyngeal cancer is rising rapidly across Australia, particularly in men. Whilst the national proportion of cases driven by HPV is not known, it is evident that vaccination is yet to have an impact.
The Childhood Origins of Climate‐Induced Mobility and Immobility
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Randell Heather , Gray Clark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe literature on climate exposures and human migration has focused largely on assessing short‐term responses to temperature and precipitation shocks. In this paper, we suggest that this common coping strategies model can be extended to account for mechanisms that link environmental conditions to migration behavior over longer periods of time. We argue that early‐life climate exposures may affect the likelihood of migration from childhood through early adulthood by influencing parental migration, community migration networks, human capital development, and decisions about household resource allocation, all of which are correlates of geographic mobility. After developing this conceptual framework, we evaluate the corresponding hypotheses using a big data approach, analyzing 20 million individual georeferenced records from 81 censuses implemented across 31 countries in tropical Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. For each world region, we estimate regression models that predict lifetime migration (a change in residence between birth and ages 30–39) as a function of temperature and precipitation anomalies in early life, defined as the year prior to birth to age four. Results suggest that early‐life climate is systematically associated with changes in the probability of lifetime migration in most regions of the tropics, with the largest effects observed in sub‐Saharan Africa. In East and Southern Africa, the effects of temperature shocks vary by sex and educational attainment and in a manner that suggests women and those of lower socioeconomic status are most vulnerable. Finally, we compare our main results with models using alternative measures of climate exposures. This comparison suggests climate exposures during the prenatal period and first few years of life are particularly (but not exclusively) salient for lifetime migration, which is most consistent with the hypothesized human capital mechanism.
Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia
Authors: Gomes Alves E. , Taylor T. , Robin M. , Pinheiro Oliveira D. , Schietti J. , Duvoisin Júnior S. , Zannoni N. , Williams J. , Hartmann C. , Gonçalves J. F. C. , Schöngart J. , Wittmann F. , Piedade M. T. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems.

We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species – Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea – across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon.

From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro‐topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table).

We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
A Modelling Strategy to Estimate Conditional Probabilities of African Origins: The Collapse of the Oyo Empire and The Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1817–1836
Authors: Wiens Ashton , Lovejoy Henry B. , Mullen Zachary , Vance Eric A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intra-African conflicts during the collapse of the kingdom of Oyo from 1817 to 1836 resulted in the enslavement of an estimated 121,000 people who were then transported to coastal ports via complex trade networks and loaded onto slave ships destined for the Americas. Historians have a good record of where these people went across the Atlantic, but little is known about where individuals were from or enslaved within Africa. In this work, we develop a novel statistical modelling strategy to describe the enslavement of people given documented violent conflict, the transport of enslaved peoples from their location of capture to their port of departure, and—given an enslaved individual's location of departure—that person's probability of origin. We combine spatial prediction of conflict density via kriging with a Markov decision process characterising intra-African transportation. The results of this model can be visualised using an interactive web application to plot—for the first time—estimated conditional probabilities of historical origins during the African diaspora. Understanding the likely origins within Africa of enslaved people may have ramifications for the history of the Atlantic world, whereby the ocean connects, rather than disconnects, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
Effectiveness of intravenous sedation for oral surgery in a patient with multiple sclerosis and a past history of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hase Yuri , Kamekura Nobuhito , Fujisawa Toshiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a relatively new syndrome comprising headache, altered mentation, and seizures, associated with neuroimaging findings characteristic of subcortical edema in the posterior regions. As previous studies have reported perioperative development and recurrence of PRES, a cautious anesthetic management of the syndrome is required.Case reportWe describe the anesthetic management for oral surgery in a patient with multiple sclerosis and a history of PRES, both of which are risk factors of recurrent PRES. Although we faced a dilemma regarding the management method of anesthesia, we finally performed intravenous sedation for the surgery without any complications.ConclusionAppropriate preoperative evaluation and anesthetic management are important to maintain hemodynamics and avoid recurrence of PRES.
The measurement of compassionate leadership: Adaptation and Spanish validation of the compassionate leadership self‐reported scale
Authors: Sansó Noemí , Leiva Juan P. , Vidal‐Blanco Gabriel , Galiana Laura , West Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA culture of shared leadership is widespread among palliative care teams based on a commitment to valuing and including all people equally. As compassion is a core value for end‐of‐life care work, compassionate leadership may be the best way to lead in palliative care.AimsThe aims of this study were twofold: (1) to adapt and validate the Compassionate Leadership Self‐reported Scale in a sample of palliative care professionals; and (2) to study the relation between compassionate leadership and associated concepts of self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 296 Spanish end‐of‐life care professionals was conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with four‐correlated factors, reliability estimates and a structural model.ResultsResults suggested there were medium to high levels of compassionate leadership in the sample. The CFA showed an adequate overall fit: χ2(98) = 277.595 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.088 [0.076, 0.100]. Reliability estimates for four subscales of compassionate leadership (attending, understanding, empathising and helping) were also adequate, ranging from 0.72 to 0.96. Finally, the structural model predicting compassionate leadership suggested that the dimensions of attending and understanding were most highly related to positive self‐compassion and awareness; empathising, to self‐care and awareness; and helping, to positive self‐compassion and self‐care.ConclusionThe Compassionate Leadership Scale has adequate psychometric properties when used to assess compassionate leadership in the context of end‐of‐life care. Our results indicate that self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care are important correlates of such compassionate leadership.
The continuous feedback model: Enabling student contribution to curriculum evaluation and development
Authors: Hale Leigh , Adhia Divya Bharatkumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Evaluation of curriculum is essential to its development. Typically, curriculum evaluations are conducted by end-of-course questionnaires, often resulting in a lengthy delay in implementing improvements that no longer affect the students who completed the evaluation. This study investigated a continuous real-time curricula feedback model as a novel method more appropriate for simultaneous evaluation and improvement of our integrated physiotherapy courses than typical end-of-course evaluation.Methods: A mixed methods design involving concurrent qualitative (focus group interviews, anonymous comments in a “suggestion” box, qualitative survey comments) and quantitative (survey) approaches was used to regularly collect staff (n = 20) and students’ (n = 127) perceptions of a full-year course. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative responses were collated and categorised. The analysed data were fed back to staff and students in the form of a feedback report sent out via email after each module. The report incorporated a summary of the results and the changes to be actioned within the next module.Results: We found the new model to be helpful and liked by both staff and students. Students liked that they could see change as a result of their feedback. Staff felt it should be used in conjunction with the typical end-of-course evaluation, although they found the periodic student feedback reports helpful.Conclusions: The continuous feedback model, although it does not eliminate the need for a formal end-of-year quantitative evaluation, did provide useful qualitative information, a safe environment for student feedback and the opportunity to correct issues in the curriculum as they arise.
MobiliSense cohort study protocol: do air pollution and noise exposure related to transport behaviour have short-term and longer-term health effects in Paris, France?
Authors: Chaix Basile , Bista Sanjeev , Wang Limin , Benmarhnia Tarik , Dureau Clélie , Duncan Dustin T 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMobiliSense explores effects of air pollution and noise related to personal transport habits on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Its objectives are to quantify the contribution of personal transport/mobility to air pollution and noise exposures of individuals; to compare exposures in different transport modes; and to investigate whether total and transport-related personal exposures are associated with short-term and longer-term changes in respiratory and cardiovascular health.Methods and analysisMobiliSense uses sensors of location, behaviour, environmental nuisances and health in 290 census-sampled participants followed-up after 1/2 years with an identical sensor-based strategy. It addresses knowledge gaps by: (1) assessing transport behaviour over 6 days with GPS receivers and GPS-based mobility surveys; (2) considering personal exposures to both air pollution and noise and improving their characterisation (inhaled doses, noise frequency components, etc); (3) measuring respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes (smartphone-assessed respiratory symptoms, lung function with spirometry, resting blood pressure, ambulatory brachial/central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and heart rate variability) and (4) investigating short-term and longer-term (over 1–2 years) effects of transport.Ethics and disseminationThe sampling and data collection protocol was approved by the National Council for Statistical Information, the French Data Protection Authority and the Ethical Committee of Inserm. Our final aim is to determine, for communicating with policy-makers, how scenarios of changes in personal transport behaviour affect individual exposure and health.
Identifying high-value care for Medicare beneficiaries: a cross-sectional study of acute care hospitals in the USA
Authors: Herrin Jeph , Yu Huihui , Venkatesh Arjun K , Desai Sunita M , Thiel Cassandra L , Lin Zhenqiu , Bernheim Susannah M , Horwitz Leora I 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesHigh-value care is providing high quality care at low cost; we sought to define hospital value and identify the characteristics of hospitals which provide high-value care.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingAcute care hospitals in the USA.ParticipantsAll Medicare beneficiaries with claims included in Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Overall Star Ratings or in publicly available Medicare spending per beneficiary data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcome was value defined as the difference between Star Ratings quality score and Medicare spending; the secondary outcome was classification as a 4 or 5 star hospital with lowest quintile Medicare spending (‘high value’) or 1 or 2 star hospital with highest quintile spending (‘low value’).ResultsTwo thousand nine hundred and fourteen hospitals had both quality and spending data, and were included. The value score had a mean (SD) of 0.58 (1.79). A total of 286 hospitals were classified as high value; these represented 28.6% of 999 4 and 5 star hospitals and 46.8% of 611 low cost hospitals. A total of 258 hospitals were classified as low value; these represented 26.6% of 970 1 and 2 star hospitals and 49.3% of 523 high cost hospitals. In regression models ownership, non-teaching status, beds, urbanity, nurse to bed ratio, percentage of dual eligible Medicare patients and percentage of disproportionate share hospital payments were associated with the primary value score.ConclusionsThere are high quality hospitals that are not high value, and a number of factors are strongly associated with being low or high value. These findings can inform efforts of policymakers and hospitals to increase the value of care.
Perceptions, representations and logics of action of urinary incontinence in institutionalised elderly people: a concurrent mixed study protocol
Authors: Peroni Lea , Armaingaud Didier , Sanchez Stéphane , Rothan-Tondeur Monique 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is a major public health problem. It affects many institutionalised elderly people. In the literature, the phenomenon is well defined. Its frequency, risk factors, individual and social costs, as well as the different therapeutic approaches, are described. However, there are few publications on its representations, both from the point of view of the patient and that of the carers. However, the literature shows that a better understanding of the social representations of this phenomenon could be a vector for improving care. We aim at understanding the perception of UI, to model its representations and to understand and characterise the logics of action in terms of protection.Methods and analysisThis will be a mixed-method concurrent study with a quantitative and a qualitative component. Data will be collected through 100 semistructured interviews, 8 focus groups and 10 000 surveys from 4 populations: institutionalised elderly people, caregivers, carers and individuals from the general population. The qualitative part will be analysed both manually and with ATLAS.Ti software, which will be used to centralise and organise all qualitative data collected. For the analysis of the quantitative part, a descriptive statistical analysis and a logistic regression type association will be carried out. These analyses will be enforced using R software. Then, an overlay and combination of quantitative and qualitative information for the triangulation analytical approach will be carried out. The study started in August 2021 and will continue until June 2022.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Descartes ethics and research committee on 1 June 2021, with the IRB number 00012021-43. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberThis protocol was registered with the Research Registry on 12 July 2021 and is numbered researchregistry6965.
Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Microbial Composition and Metabolomic Profile in Postweaning Piglets
Authors: Gao Jing , Liu ZeMin , Wang ChenYu , Ma Li , Chen Yongzhong , Li TieJun 
Published: March 2022

Since the human and porcine digestive systems have similar anatomical structures and physiological functions, pigs are a useful animal model for studying human digestive diseases. By investigating intestinal metabolites in piglets after weaning, this study attempted to identify the inherent connection between dietary protein levels and changes in the intestinal microbiota of piglets. Casein was employed as the only source of protein for the piglets in this study to avoid the influence of other protein sources. 14 weaning at 28-day-old piglets (

6.9
±
0.19

kg) formed into two dietary groups: 17% casein fed group (LP) and 30% casein fed group (HP). Piglets were allowed to free food and water during the 2-week experiment. Throughout the trial, the piglets’ diarrhea index (1: no diarrhea and 3: watery diarrhea) and food intake were noted during the experiment. We discovered piglets fed a high-protein diet developed diarrhea throughout the duration of the research, whereas piglets fed a normal protein diet did not. In addition, the HP group had lower feed intake and body weight than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The HP diet influenced the content of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids in the colon, including acetate and isovaleric acid. The ileal microbiota’s 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, and it was discovered that the relative abundance of gastrointestinal bacteria differed between the HP and control groups. Dietary protein levels influenced bile acid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, retinol metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and glycine and serine metabolism, according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the pooled information revealed a possible link between intestinal metabolites and specific bacteria species. These findings demonstrate that weaned piglets’ microbiota composition and metabolites are modified by a high-protein diet and thus inducing severe postweaning diarrhea and inhibiting growth performance. However, the potential molecular mechanism of this regulation in the growth of piglets remains unclear.
Semiotic Analysis of Beauty According to Roland's Barthes Theory in Relation to Indonesian and German Culture
Authors: Indira Dian , Susilo Catharina Dian Ikawati , Purnomowulan N. R. 
Published: March 2022

A beauty has long been an interesting and important topic for women around the world. The concept of beauty cannot be generalized to all women in all parts of the world. Beauty for one community group is different from beauty for the other community groups because beauty is closely related to culture. In the era of globalization, which is characterized by the ease of obtaining various information, the opportunity to learn about the beauty concepts of different countries is as wide open as possible. For this purpose, cosmetic advertisements in the mass media play an important role. However, there are signs in the advertisement that reflect cultural elements, which can be studied semiotically. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. This paper is a semiotic study that aims to present the meaning of beauty myths for Indonesian and German women, which are first examined through denotative and connotative meanings. The theory used is the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. To see the difference in beautiful concepts from two different cultures, the data of Nivea skin care ads with Indonesian and German version are taken. In the results, there are differences of Indonesian and German beauty concept closely related to culture. The message of the beautiful Indonesian version shows that the woman is attractive and has a white skin, while the German version shows that the attractive level and skin color are not a priority, but women with the healthy skin.
Effect of PGPR and Cow Manure on Growth and Yield of Purple Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Saputri Andriana Ela , Djarwatiningsih Djarwatiningsih , Guniarti Guniarti 
Published: March 2022

The less intensive cultivation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and the occurrence of soil degradations are the causes of the decline in eggplant production. Therefore, more environmentally friendly effort are needed to increase eggplant production by using PGPR and cow manure. PGPR will work optimally when combined with organic materials sourced from cow manure as nutrients trident for PGPR activity. The research was conducted from April to July 2021, in Plesungan village, Kapas District, Bojonegoro Regency, Jawa Timur. The research used a split plot design (RPT) with 16 treatment combinations and 3 replications. There are 48 trial plots. The sub plot was consentration PGPR (R) with 4 levels and dose of cow manure (K) as a main plot with 4 levesl. The data were analysed using the test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. The result showed that there was an interaction between PGPR and cow manure. Treatment combination K3R3 (15 ton/ha cow manure + 30% NPK 15-15-15 dan 30 ml/l PGPR) increased the average plant height 17 day after planting by 2,80% and K3R2 (15 ton/ha cow manure + 30% NPK 15-15-15 dan 20 ml/l PGPR) increased the average total fruit weight of plant by 1,09%. PGPR was not significantly different in most of the parameters. Meanwhile, cow manure was significantly different in most of parameters.