bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sarcopenia, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty: making the case for proactive swallowing exercises to promote healthy aging
Authors: Molfenter Sonja M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty in the context of aging. Further, this review will provide preliminary support for proactive swallowing exercises to reverse and/or prevent sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles.

Recent findings
Recent studies lend support to a cyclic relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty. Unfortunately, all studies are limited by their study design and lack instrumental imaging of swallowing function. Research (in the limbs) supports the use of proactive exercises and protein supplementation to reverse sarcopenia, especially in prefrail individuals. This provides a foundation to design and test similar preventive exercises for the swallowing muscles.

Summary
As the population is rapidly aging, it is vital to understand how the natural loss of muscle in aging impacts swallowing function and the downstream impact on nutritional and physical function. Prospective, longitudinal research with sophisticated outcome measures are required to fully understand this cycle and provide an opportunity to test methods for interrupting the cycle.
Quality Measure Concepts for Inpatient Rehabilitation That Are Best Understood From the Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Deutsch Anne , Neumann Holly , Goldsmith Arielle , Heinemann Allen W. , Ehrlich-Jones Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify inpatient rehabilitation quality-of-care concepts that are best understood from the patient perspective.

Design
We conducted 12 focus groups with 95 former patients, caregivers, and rehabilitation clinicians and asked them to describe high-quality inpatient rehabilitation care.

Methods
We independently reviewed the focus group transcripts and then used an iterative process to identify the quality measure concepts identified by participants.

Results
Based on participants’ comments, we identified 18 quality measure concepts: respect and dignity, clinician communication with patient, clinician communication with family, organizational culture, clinician engagement with patient, clinician engagement with family, rehabilitation goals, staff expertise, responsiveness, patient safety, physical environment, care coordination, discharge planning, patient and family education, peer support, symptom management (pain, anxiety, fatigue, sadness), sleep, and functioning.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing
Rehabilitation nurses should be aware of the quality-of-care issues that are important to patients and their caregivers.

Conclusion
Important patient-reported domains of quality of care include interpersonal relationships, patient and family engagement, care planning and delivery, access to support, and quality of life.
Pediatric Tissue Expansion: Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric
Authors: Harrison Lucas M. , Rizvi Imran , Parsa Shyon , Hallac Rami R. , Kane Alex A. , Seaward James R. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Tissue expansion (TE) in pediatric surgery provides vascularized tissue to attain functional and esthetic goals in a broad range of reconstructive procedures. Our study evaluates the demographic, operative, and short-term outcomes of TE in pediatric patients utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database and highlights factors associated with postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective review of a large multicenter database of 402 pediatric patients that underwent TE within the NSQIP-P database from 2013 to 2020 at freestanding general acute care children’s hospitals, children’s hospitals within a larger hospital, specialty children’s hospitals, or general acute care hospitals with a pediatric wing. Patient demographics, clinical risk factors, operative information, and postoperative outcomes were collected with an odds ratio analysis of risk factors.

Results:
Patients were majority female (55.5%), White (63.2%), and non-Hispanic (67.4%). The minority were born prematurely (11.9%) and had congenital malformations (16.7%). Complications occurred in 5.7%, unplanned readmission in 4.5%, and unplanned operation in 6.5% of patients. Complications lead to readmission in 2.5% and return to the operating room in 3.2% of patients. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score III-IV, congenital malformations, >1-day hospital stay, and pulmonary, neurologic, and hematologic comorbidities were associated with the greatest increase in odds of complication.

Conclusion:
This study utilizes the NSQIP-P to provide a comprehensive multicenter view of pediatric patients undergoing TE. Increased understanding of risk factors for complications allows for guidance in patient selection and helps in achieving favorable surgical outcomes.
Low-MBL producing genotypes playing a role on protection to leprosy and its multibacillary forms in a highly endemic area for leprosy in Brazil
Authors: de Salles Erika M. , Martins Lívia M. , Escocard Rita de C. M. , Forte Bruno V. G. , Maciel Yonnara E. C. , Kipnis Thereza L. , Nahn Edilbert P. , da Silva Wilmar D. , Peixoto-Rangel Alba L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high frequency ofMBL2mutant alleles found in various human populations suggests that they provide some selective advantage. One of the hypotheses is that MBL deficiency may be protective against intracellular pathogens, includingMycobacterium leprae. In this study, we investigated the role ofMBL2in the susceptibility to leprosy. Single-nucleotide variants (SNV) B (rs1800450) and C (rs1800451) in exon 1 of theMBL2gene and serum MBL concentrations were assessed in 53 patients with leprosy and 68 healthy controls from southeast Brazil by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and commercial capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The genotyped SNVs were significantly associated with increased protection against leprosy (OR=0.3757, 95% CI=0.1615⍰08740, p=0.0273) and more severe forms, including multibacillary (OR=0.3769, 95% CI=0.1447⍰0.9818, p=0.0493) and lepromatous (OR=0.2423, 95% CI=0.06547⍰0.8968, p=0.0369) leprosy. On the other hand, low-MBL producing genotypes were associated with the protection for leprosy, especially in its more severe forms. Low MBL levels and low MBL producing variants were associated with protection against leprosy and progression to more severe forms of this disease. Moreover, this study highlights MBL as a regulator of immune function in which alterations may affect normal responses to leprosy infection and inflammatory stimuli.
Variations in ERP Data Quality Across Paradigms, Participants, and Scoring Procedures
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Luck Steven J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that data quality for event-related potential (ERP) components varies considerably across studies and across participants within a study, ERP data quality has not received much systematic analysis. The present study used a recently developed metric of ERP data quality— the standardized measurement error (SME)—to examine how data quality varies across different ERP paradigms, across individual participants, and across different procedures for quantifying amplitude and latency values. The EEG recordings were taken from the ERP CORE, which includes data from 40 neurotypical college students for seven widely studied ERP components: P3b, N170, mismatch negativity, N400, error-related negativity, N2pc, and lateralized readiness potential. Large differences in data quality were observed across the different ERP components, and very large differences in data quality were observed across participants. Data quality also varied depending on the algorithm used to quantify the amplitude and especially the latency of a given ERP component. These results provide an initial set of benchmark values that can be used for comparison with previous and future ERP studies. They also provide useful information for predicting effect sizes and statistical power in future studies, even with different numbers of trials. More broadly, this study provides a general approach that could be used to determine which specific experimental designs, data collection procedures, and data processing algorithms lead to the best data quality.
On the evolution of the plant phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis
Authors: Frascogna Federica , Ledermann Benjamin , Hartmann Jana , Patallo Eugenio Pérez , Zeqiri Fjoralba , Hofmann Eckhard , Frankenberg-Dinkel Nicole 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhytochromes are biliprotein photoreceptors present in plants, algae, certain bacteria and fungi. Land plant phytochromes use phytochromobilin (PΦB) as the bilin chromophore. Phytochromes of streptophyte algae, the clade within which land plants evolved, employ phycocyanobilin (PCB), leading to a more blue-shifted absorption spectrum. Both chromophores are synthesized by ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs) starting from biliverdin IXα (BV). In cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, BV is reduced to PCB by the FDBR phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PcyA), whereas, in land plants, BV is reduced to PФB by phytochromobilin synthase (HY2). However, phylogenetic studies suggested the absence of any ortholog of PcyA in streptophyte algae and the presence of only PФB biosynthesis related genes (HY2). The HY2 of the early diverging streptophyte algaKlebsormidium nitens(formerlyKlebsormidium flaccidum) was already indirectly indicated to be involved in PCB biosynthesis. Here, we overexpressed and purified a His6-tagged variant ofK. nitensHY2 (KflaHY2) inE. coli. Employing anaerobic bilin reductase activity assays and coupled phytochrome assembly assays, we were able to confirm the product and to identify intermediates of the reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed two aspartate residues critical for catalysis. While it was not possible to convert KflaHY2 into a PΦB-producing enzyme by simply exchanging the catalytic pair, the biochemical investigation of two additional members of the HY2 lineage enabled us to define two distinct clades, the PCB-HY2 and the PΦB-HY2 clade. Overall, our study gives insight into the evolution of the HY2 lineage of FDBRs.
Re-evaluating frontopolar and temporoparietal contributions to detection and discrimination confidence
Authors: Mazor Matan , Gong Chudi , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreviously, we identified a subset of regions where the relation between decision confidence and univariate fMRI activity was quadratic, with stronger activation for both high and low compared to intermediate levels of confidence. We further showed that, in a subset of these regions, this quadratic modulation appeared only for confidence in detection decisions about the presence or absence of a stimulus, and not for confidence in discrimination decisions about stimulus identity (Mazor, Friston & Fleming, 2021). Here, in a pre-registered follow-up experiment, we sought to replicate our original findings and identify the origins of putative detection-specific confidence signals by introducing a novel asymmetric-discrimination condition: a discrimination task with the signal-detection properties of a detection task. This task required discriminating two alternatives (two different grating tilts) but was engineered such that the distribution of perceptual evidence was asymmetric, just as in yes/no detection. We successfully replicated the quadratic modulation of subjective confidence in prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortices. However, in contrast to our original report, this quadratic effect was similar in detection and discrimination responses, but stronger in the novel asymmetric-discrimination condition. We interpret our findings as weighing against the detection-specificity of confidence signatures and speculate about possible alternative origins of a quadratic modulation of decision confidence.
Assessment of fish spermatogenesis through high-quality immunofluorescence against fish testicular samples with an antibody set
Authors: Ye Ding , Liu Tao , Li Yongming , Sun Yonghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA complete evaluation of the spermatogenetic status of a fish by accurately identifying different types of spermatogenic cells is useful not only for reproductive studies but also for genetic breeding. For this task, it is required to establish a simple and practical experimental procedure, to obtain repeatable, high-quality imaging data. Here, we have developed antibodies against the zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatogenesis-related proteins, including Ddx4, Piwil1, Sycp3, and Pcna, and an integrated method for high-quality and high-through output immunofluorescence on testis sections of different fish species. We accurately identified different spermatogenic cells at different stages. Type-A spermatogonia can be identified by the highest expression of Ddx4 and Piwil1 among different spermatogenic cells. Type-B spermatogonia is identified by the second highest expression of Ddx4 and the highest expression of Pcna among different spermatogenic cells. Spermatids can be distinguished from spermatozoa by the expression of Piwil1. The different subtypes of primary spermatocytes (SPC-I) can be identified by co-staining of Sycp3 and Pcna. Leptotene SPC-I show polar expression of both Sycp3 and Pcna at the same side of the nucleus. All the antibodies were tested for practicality in four fish species, Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), and rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Using this method and the antibody sets, we were able to precisely and accurately evaluate the spermatogenetic status in different fish species.HighlightsA practical method for high-quality immunofluorescence against fish testicular samples has been developed.An antibody set of Ddx4, Piwil1, Sycp3 and Pcna have been developed for identification of a variety of spermatogenic cells in different fish species.Antibodies against zebrafish proteins have been tested in the four fish species, Chinese rare minnow, common carp, blunt snout bream and rice field eel.
Immunosuppressive tocilizumab prevents astrocyte induced neurotoxicity in hiPSC-LRRK2 Parkinson’s disease by targeting receptor interleukin-6
Authors: Pons-Espinal Meritxell , Blasco-Agell Lucas , Fernandez-Carasa Irene , di Domenico Angelique , Richaud Yvonne , Mosquera Jose Luis , Marruecos Laura , Espinosa Lluís , Garrido Alicia , Tolosa Eduardo , Edel Michael J. , Otero Manel Juan , Ferrer Isidre , Raya Angel , Consiglio Antonella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with premature death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes of PD patients may contribute to neuronal degeneration by mechanisms involving both direct cell-to-cell contact and transfer of soluble molecules. Since it has been proposed that PD patients exhibit an overall pro-inflammatory state, and since astrocytes are key mediators of the inflammation response in the brain, here we sought to address whether astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling could contribute to PD neuropathology. For this purpose, we generated astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) representing PD patients and healthy controls. Transcriptomic analyses identified a unique inflammatory gene expression signature in PD astrocytes compared to controls. In particular, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was found to be highly expressed and released by PD astrocytes, and to induce toxicity in dopamine neurons. Mechanistically, neuronal cell death was mediated by IL-6 signaling via IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expressed in human PD neurons, leading to downstream activation of STAT3. Importantly, astrocyte-induced cell death in PD disease midbrain neurons could be prevented by blocking IL6R-mediated signaling using clinically available antibodies. Moreover, examination of postmortem tissue brain of early-stage PD patients uncovered increased numbers of dopamine neurons overexpressing IL-6R and of reactive astrocytes overexpressing IL-6, compared to healthy brains. Our findings highlight the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in neuronal loss in PD, and open the way for new therapies based on IL-6 immunomodulation for preventing PD pathogenesis.
Multi-dimensional antibiotic resistance time series reveals the phenotype-based fitness landscape for Escherichia coli
Authors: Iwasawa Junichiro , Maeda Tomoya , Shibai Atsushi , Kotani Hazuki , Kawada Masako , Furusawa Chikara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fitness landscape represents the complex relationship between genotype or phenotype and fitness under a given environment, the structure of which allows the explanation and prediction of evolutionary trajectories. Although previous studies have constructed fitness landscapes based on comprehensively studying the mutations in specific genes, the high dimensionality of genotypic changes prevents us from developing a fitness landscape capable of predicting evolution for the whole cell. Herein, we address this problem by inferring the fitness landscape for antibiotic resistance evolution by quantifying the phenotypic changes, that is, multi-dimensional time-series measurements of the drug resistance profile. Using the time-series data of drug resistance for multiple drugs, we inferred that the fitness landscape underlies the evolution dynamics of resistance. We showed that different peaks of the landscape correspond to different drug resistance mechanisms, thus supporting the validity of the inferred fitness landscape. We further discuss how inferred phenotype-fitness landscapes could contribute to the prediction and control of evolution. This approach bridges the gap between phenotypic/genotypic changes and fitness while contributing to a better understanding of drug resistance evolution.
Carbon oxidation with sacrificial anodes to inhibit O2evolution in membrane-less bioelectrochemical systems for microbial electrosynthesis
Authors: Rohbohm Nils , Sun Tianran , Blasco-Gómez Ramiro , Byrne James M. , Kappler Andreas , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrobial electrosynthesis is an emerging biosynthesis technology that produces value-added chemicals and fuels and, at the same time, reduces the environmental carbon footprint. However, constraints, such as low current densities and high inner resistance, disfavor this technology for industrial-scale purposes. The cathode performance has been strongly improved in recent years, while the anode performance has not been given enough attention despite its importance in closing the electric circuit. For traditional water electrolysis, O2is produced at the anode, which is toxic to the anaerobic autotrophs that engage in microbial electrosynthesis. To overcome O2toxicity in conventional microbial electrosynthesis, the anode and the cathode chamber have been separated by an ion-exchange membrane to avoid contact between the microbes and O2. However, ion-exchange membranes increase the maintenance costs and compromise the production efficiency by introducing an additional internal resistance. Furthermore, O2is inevitably transferred to the catholyte due to diffusion and electro-osmotic fluxes that occur within the membrane. Here, we proved the concept of integrating carbon oxidation with sacrificial anodes and microbes to simultaneously inhibit the O2evolution reaction (OER) and circumvent membrane application, which allows microbial electrosynthesis to proceed in a single chamber. The carbon-based anodes performed carbon oxidation as the alternative reaction to the OER. This enables microbial electrosynthesis to be performed with cell voltages as low as 1.8-2.1 V at 10 A·m-2. We utilizedMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicusΔH in a single-chamber Bioelectrochemical system (BES) with the best performing carbon-based anode (i.e., activated-carbon anode with soluble iron) to achieve a maximum cathode-geometric CH4production rate of 27.3 L·m-2·d-1, which is equal to a volumetric methane production rate of 0.11 L·L-1·d-1in our BES, at a coulombic efficiency of 99.4%. In this study,Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicusΔH was majorly limited by sulfur that inhibited electromethanogenesis. However, this proof-of-concept study allows microbial electrosynthesis to be performed more energy-efficiently and can be immediately utilized for research purposes in microbial electrosynthesis.
Mechanism of Ca2+ transport by ferroportin
Authors: Shen Jiemin , Wilbon Azaan Saalim , Zhou Ming , Pan Yaping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFerroportin (Fpn) is a transporter that releases Fe2+ from cells and is important for iron homeostasis in circulation. Export of Fe2+ by Fpn is coupled to import of H+ to maintain charge balance. Although Ca2+ was shown to modulate Fe2+ transport in Fpn, transport of Ca2+ by Fpn has not been demonstrated. Here we show that human Fpn (HsFpn) mediates Ca2+ transport, and that the Ca2+ transport does not rely on the transport of other ions. We determine the structure of Ca2+-bound HsFpn and identify a single Ca2+ binding site distinct from the Fe2+ binding sites. Further studies validate the Ca2+ binding site and show that Ca2+ transport is inhibited in the presence of Fe2+ but not vice versa. Function of Fpn as a Ca2+ uniporter in the absence of Fe2+ provides a molecular basis for regulations of iron homeostasis by Ca2+.
Chimeric PRMT6 protein produced by an endogenous retrovirus promoter regulates cell fate decision in mouse preimplantation embryos
Authors: Honda Shinnosuke , Hatamura Maho , Kunimoto Yuri , Ikeda Shuntaro , Minami Naojiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMurine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer, also known as MERVL, is expressed during zygotic genome activation in mammalian embryos. Here we show that protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (Prmt6) forms a chimeric transcript with MT2B2, one of the long terminal repeat sequences of MERVL, and is translated into an elongated chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) whose function differs from that of the canonical PRMT6 protein (PRMT6CAN) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Overexpression of PRMT6CANin fibroblast cells increased asymmetric dimethylation of the third arginine residue of both histone H2A (H2AR3me2a) and histone H4 (H4R3me2a), while overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2increased only H2AR3me2a. In addition, overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2in one blastomere of mouse two-cell embryos promoted cell proliferation and differentiation of the blastomere into epiblast cells at the blastocyst stage, while overexpression of PRMT6CANrepressed cell proliferation. This is the first report of the translation of a chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Our results suggest that analyzing chimeric transcripts with MERVL will provide insight into the relationship between zygotic genome activation and subsequent intra- and extra-cellular lineage determination.