bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major and rare earth element mineral chemistry of low-grade assemblages inform dynamics of hydrothermal ocean-floor metamorphism in the Dinaridic Neotethys
Authors: Šegvić Branimir , Slovenec Damir , Badurina Luka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis contribution provides insights into ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphism of the fast-evolving Dinaridic Neotethys. Mineralogical, geochemical and Sr isotope data collected from altered ophiolites and non-ophiolite basalts/andesites and tuffs of the active continental margin are consistent with hydrothermal alteration trajectories that reflect the host-rock composition. This suggests that hydrothermal fluxes were restricted within a simple closed seawater-fed system. Based on the initial isotopic ratios of Sr, two fluid–rock interaction trends are established: (a) low-to-medium degrees of metasomatism in pre-Middle Jurassic anorogenic ophiolites that progressively abated, and (b) increased intensities of metasomatism in post-Middle Jurassic orogenic ophiolites. This agrees with chlorite thermometry and Ca-Al-(Fe)-silicate phase chemistry. The metamorphic assemblages belong to the zeolite, prehnite-pumpellyite, prehnite-actinolite and greenschist facies. The facies is reliant on the temperature of hydrothermal systems and their fluid chemistry. Rare earth element (REE) phase geochemistry shows (a) variable fluid–rock ratios in chlorite and pumpellyite dependent on fluid temperatures, (b) prominent Eu and Ce anomalies that reflect the fluid oxidation state, (c) light REE/heavy REE mobilization attributed to prevalent ligand complexation, and (d) multi-phase fluid percolation across reaction zones of heterogeneous permeability. This study proposes initiation of simple hydrothermal system(s) at or near a spreading centre(s) in the infancy of the Dinaridic Neotethys. Such a system became more complex during Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time with reactive hydrothermal fluids passing the recharge area and reaching the hot reaction zone. An abrupt obliteration of the established high-temperature regime ensued, following the final closure of the Neotethys.
Gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents: Findings from the 2015 Global School-based Student Health Survey
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Pradnyani Putu Erma , Putra Gede Wirabuana , Astiti Ni Luh Eka Purni , Derayanti Ni Wayan , Artini Ni Nyoman Astri , Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi , Dendup Tashi , Ratan Zubair Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Student Health Survey. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the influences of main independent variables – social environmental factors (i.e., peer support, having close friends, bullying victimisation, physical fight, physical attack, parental supervision, connectedness, bonding), demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours on the measures of psychological distress (loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and a combination of both measures as psychological distress).Results:The prevalence of psychological distress measured as loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and combined psychological distress was 6.12%, 4.52%, and 8.04%, respectively. Findings from multivariate analyses indicated that bullying victimisation, physical attack, experience of hunger (a proxy of socioeconomic status), and sedentary behaviour were associated with all measures of psychological distress. Meanwhile, age, gender, drug use, parental connectedness and bonding, and having no close friends were correlates of one or two measures of psychological distress. Based on gender-stratified analyses, experience of hunger, sedentary behaviour, bullying victimisation, and having no close friends were consistently associated with measures of psychological distress among both girls and boys. In addition, the influence of some social environmental factors, such as parental connectedness, peer support, and physical attack, were more salient among girls.Conclusions:The findings suggest that social environmental factors, demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours were associated with psychological distress, and the associations appeared to differ by gender. Interventions that include improving positive social environmental factors (e.g., reducing interpersonal violence, encouraging positive relationships with parents and peers) and promoting healthy behaviours (e.g., less sedentary behaviour, preventing substance use) might help reduce the risk of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents.
Integrating organizational impacts into health technology assessment (HTA): an analysis of the content and use of existing evaluation frameworks
Authors: Pascal Christophe , Mathy Caryn , Bongiovanni Isabelle , Konishi Mario 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
The French health technology assessment (HTA) agency initiated a research between 2018 and 2019 with the aim of determining whether other HTA organizations (agencies, bodies, institutes, and expert networks) and researchers had developed an evaluation framework of organizational impacts (OIs).

Methods
Three types of investigation were carried out: (i) an analysis of documents published by selected HTA organizations, (ii) a rapid review on the OI issues, (iii) a questionnaire survey to experts of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment.

Results
The analyses highlight six key points: (i) there is no explicit conceptual definition of OIs; (ii) OIs are often not included in a specific dimension of the evaluation or in the same dimensions; (iii) three recurring categories emerge from the assessment of OIs: processes, structure, and culture; (iv) despite its limitations, the European Network for Health Technology Assessment framework (Core Model) is the most mature assessment model to date; (v) the question of the scope of OIs to be considered is unresolved (micro-meso-macro); and (vi) the delineation between OI assessment and economic assessment must be addressed.

Conclusions
Although the issue of considering OI in HTA has been raised for many years, it remains largely unresolved. Defining the concept of OI is a prerequisite for taking the next step toward an evaluation framework. As the question of the impact of innovation goes beyond the health sector, extensive research on how to define and take into account these OIs may be relevant.
“The way to things”: contentions over materiality and politics in the non-west between Kobayashi Hideo and Maruyama Masao
Authors: Otobe Nobutaka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe recent surge in materialist thought, namely New Materialism, has significant implications for political theory. They challenge the fundamental dichotomy upheld in the modern West between human agency and inert nature by revealing the affective quality of nature and granting it the status of the agency. However, does the non-West face risks if it attempts to overcome the modern Western notion of inert nature? If so, is there any way to avoid these risks? To pursue these questions, I take up the writings of political thinker Maruyama Masao (丸山眞男) and literary critic Kobayashi Hideo (小林秀雄) on the political implications of materiality. Maruyama ascribes Kobayashi's alleged collaboration with Japan's World War II policy to his passive acceptance of the felt reality. Regarding such passive acceptance as endemic to Japanese thought, Maruyama traces it back to the notion of an early-modern Kokugaku thinker Motoori Norinaga, “the way to things.” Against Maruyama's criticism, I argue (1) that Kobayashi's interpretation of Motoori's “way to things” resonates with the current New Materialism, and (2) that Kobayashi's materialism does not necessarily lead to passive acceptance of the external world, but rather can be pursued in a more productive way.
No longer the “forgotten victims of armed conflict”: Operational and legal considerations for accountability mechanisms regarding crimes affecting persons with disabilities
Authors: Magee Alexa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that persons with disabilities comprise, according to current statistics, a significant portion of conflict-affected communities and are disproportionately affected by armed conflict, the lack of inclusion in accountability mechanisms for acts amounting to crimes under international law is notable. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) provides a framework for mainstreaming inclusive investigation practices and promoting greater accountability, through application of the principles of autonomy, non-discrimination and accessibility. This article makes suggestions for the operationalization of this CRPD framework through specific recommendations for accountability mechanisms, alongside legal opportunities for recognition of crimes affecting persons with disabilities and crimes resulting in disability. A case study of the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and persons with disabilities in Iraq is used to illustrate the application of recommendations to ensure that persons with disabilities are no longer the “forgotten victims of armed conflict”.
Weather Index Insurance Can Offset Heat‐Induced Rice Losses Under Global Warming
Authors: Zhang J. , Zhang Z. , Wang C. Z. , Wang X. H. , Zhang L. L. , Ma X. L. , Tao F. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtreme heat is one major warming‐related threat to food security and farmers' livelihood, especially in Asia. As an economic adaptation, weather index insurance (WII) can transfer such weather‐related risks, secure farms' incomes, and recover agricultural systems soon after yield losses. However, few relevant studies evaluate its potential in the warming future. Here, we investigated the efficiency of WII to compensate for future heat‐induced yield losses () under SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 (Shared Socioecomoic Pathways, SSP) in southern China, a typical smallholder‐dominated rice production area in the world. Combining a crop model with machine learning, we found that heat‐induced rice vulnerability showed large spatial variability. Rice vulnerability and warming scenarios co‐determined future and economic losses at the county scale, with more significant losses in the mid‐far future (2051–2100) than in the near future (2021–2050). Compared with the historical period (1961–2010), will increase approximately by up to 5% under SSP1‐2.6, 18% under SSP3‐7.0%, and 26% under SSP5‐8.5. As an ex‐ante strategy, county‐specific WII will effectively improve (by up to 13%) and stabilize (by up to 36%) farmers' incomes, even though the pure premium rate will increase by 10% at 2050 and by 30% at 2100. Overall, our study demonstrates that WII is an effective economic adaption in the future for assisting smallholder livelihood in a developing country. WII has the potential to be applied in other countries for other crop failures to mitigate climate‐related risk for global food systems in the future.
First Principles‐Based Approach for 3D Scour Processes Under Variable Jet Discharge
Authors: Di Nardi J. , Palermo M. , Bombardelli F. A. , Pagliara S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScour processes caused by plunging jets are particularly important in hydraulic engineering because of the connected risk of structural failure. Therefore, many investigations have been conducted on this topic, focusing on jet‐induced scour under constant flow discharge (i.e., steady case). Yet, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have analyzed the scour mechanism under variable jet discharge (i.e., unsteady case) and clear‐water conditions. Following recent theoretical advancements on scour phenomena for steady cases based on the phenomenological theory of turbulence, we address in this study the general validity of such an approach for time‐dependent (i.e., unsteady) jet inflow conditions, in non‐cohesive soils. Results show that scour evolution is consistent with that obtained for steady jet flows. In particular, they confirm the existence of two distinct phases—developing and developed—and indicate that the transition time between the two phases does not depend on the jet inﬂow characteristics. Once again, this study confirms that the phenomenological theory of turbulence is a valid tool for all jet‐driven scour problems.
Characterizing Vertical Stratification of the Cloud Thermodynamic Phase With a Combined Use of CALIPSO Lidar and MODIS SWIR Measurements
Authors: Nagao Takashi M. , Suzuki Kentaroh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cloud thermodynamic phase information derived from the CALIPSO lidar (CALIOP) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) channels of Aqua/MODIS represents different penetration depths within a cloud layer. This study combined them to better characterize the vertical stratification of the cloud thermodynamic phase within the atmospheric column. The temperature dependences of the phase occurrences were first compared between the two sensors to find a significant quantitative difference, which appeared to be large enough to affect climate model evaluations of the cloud phase representations. The two pieces of cloud phase information obtained from the two sensors, each binarized into liquid or ice, were then combined to define the four categories of cloud phases resulting from combinations of the two sensors that provide two cloud phases each (liquid and ice). Global occurrences of the four phase categories were validated against temperature information from MODIS thermal infrared (TIR) channels to confirm that the four categories are reasonably associated with cloud‐top temperature and brightness temperature differences. The vertical stratification of the cloud thermodynamic phase characterized by CALIOP and SWIR was then investigated through comparisons with CloudSat/CPR radar profile statistics to illustrate how cloud vertical structures vary systematically with different combinations of the two cloud phases from CALIOP and SWIR. The results suggest that the combined use of complementary information from the four sensors (lidar, SWIR, TIR, and radar) can better characterize the vertical structures of the cloud thermodynamic phase, which could then provide more detailed observational constraints for model representations of the cloud phase.
Exploring Methods to Estimate Ice Sublimation and Total Water Vapor Flux of Large Lakes in China
Authors: Cao Yang , Fu Congsheng , Wu Huawu , Wu Haohao , Zhang Haixia , Yang Mingxiang , Ji Zhenming , Yu Miao , Dong Linyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLake ice sublimation plays an important role in lake water budget, while there is huge uncertainty in estimation of lake ice sublimation and its proportion in annual lake total water vapor flux. In the present study, we investigated the annual total water vapor flux and ice sublimation at 15 frozen lakes or lake groups in China using three different methods, namely, the Community Land Model (CLM) simulations (Penman‐Monteith equation and pan observations) that considers (could not reflect) heat storage of lakes; the potential changes of lake total water vapor flux and ice sublimation with climate warming were also predicted. The results illustrate that the annual lake total water vapor flux obtained from Penman‐Monteith equation, pan observation, CLM simulation decreased in sequence, and ice sublimation obtained from pan observation, Penman‐Monteith equation, CLM simulation decreased in sequence. The lake ice sublimation from CLM occupied 7.4%–26.6% of corresponding annual lake total water vapor flux during 1950s–2010s in different regions of China. The ice sublimation and its proportion in lake total water vapor flux from these three methods were all highly correlated, with R2 being 0.86–0.97. The annual lake total water vapor flux will significantly increase in all frozen‐lake regions in China with the climate warming. Climate warming potentially reduce sublimation at most lakes.
Observations of Inertia Gravity Waves in the Western Pacific and Their Characteristic in the 2015/2016 Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation Disruption
Authors: He Yang , Zhu Xiaoqian , Sheng Zheng , He Mingyuan , Feng Yutao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe statistical characteristics of inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs) in the troposphere (2–14 km) and lower stratosphere (18–28 km) are analyzed using daily radiosonde observations over six stations in the Western Pacific from 2013 to 2018. Stokes parameter method is used to extract the characteristic parameters of gravity waves (GWs), which are divided into upward and downward propagating waves, and compared with the results of hodograph analysis. In the stratosphere, due to the filtering effect of the background wind field, the IGWs generated in the troposphere mainly propagate eastward with lower frequency range. The tropospheric IGWs have obvious seasonal variation in spectral amplitude and energy, with the maximum in winter and the minimum in monsoon from 2013 to 2018. The stratospheric IGWs are enhanced during phase transition of the quasi‐biennial oscillation, when the enhanced easterly wind appears in the lowest stratosphere, accompanied by enhanced wave energy in the troposphere. During the quasi‐biennial oscillation disruption in late 2015 and early 2016, the tropospheric wave source excites more intense IGWs propagating upward. After reaching the stratosphere, IGWs with slower phase speed are absorbed by the mean flow, dissipating momentum to the lower stratosphere and generating additional enhanced westward forcing, which may have contributed to the development of the easterly wind within the westerly quasi‐biannual oscillation phase.
Space Weather Environment During the SpaceX Starlink Satellite Loss in February 2022
Authors: Fang Tzu‐Wei , Kubaryk Adam , Goldstein David , Li Zhuxiao , Fuller‐Rowell Tim , Millward George , Singer Howard J. , Steenburgh Robert , Westerman Solomon , Babcock Erik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn 3 February 2022, SpaceX Starlink launched and subsequently lost 38 of 49 satellites due to enhanced neutral density associated with a geomagnetic storm. This study examines the space weather conditions related to the satellite loss, based on observations, forecasts, and numerical simulations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). Working closely with the Starlink team, the thermospheric densities along the satellite orbits were estimated and the neutral density increase leading to the satellite loss was investigated. Simulation results suggest that during the geomagnetic storm, pre‐launch Monte Carlo analyses performed by the Starlink team using empirical neutral density inputs from NRLMSISE‐00 tended to underestimate the impact relative to predictions from the operational coupled Whole Atmosphere Model and Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics physics‐based model. The numerical simulation indicated this minor to moderate geomagnetic storm was sufficient to create 50%–125% density enhancement at altitudes ranging between 200 and 400 km. With the increasing solar activity of Solar Cycle 25, satellites in low‐Earth orbit are expected to experience an increasing number of thermospheric expansion events. Currently, no alerts and warnings issued by SWPC are focused on satellite users concerned with atmospheric drag and related applications. Thus, during geomagnetic storms, it is crucial to establish suitable alerts and warnings based on neutral density predictions to provide users guidance for preventing satellite losses due to drag and to aid in collision avoidance calculations.
Influence of Surface Processes on Strain Localization and Seismic Activity in the Longmen Shan Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt: Insights From Discrete‐Element Modeling
Authors: Wang Maomao , Wang Ming , Feng Wang , Yan Bing , Jia Dong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated interactions between structural deformation and surface processes in the Longmen Shan fold‐and‐thrust belt and the adjacent western Sichuan foreland basin (WSFB) in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The discrete‐element modeling (DEM) method was used to study the influences of the various mechanical properties of the detachments and syn‐tectonic erosion/deposition on the structural evolution of the Longmen Shan and WSFB. DEM simulations demonstrated two stages of surface processes during the Late Cenozoic profoundly influenced thrusting sequences and strain localization in the hinterland and foreland portions of the Longmen Shan. Models indicate that the fold‐and‐thrust belt lacking surface processes propagate in a forward‐breaking manner, whereas those with surface processes develop following an out‐of‐sequence thrusting pattern. We infer that large‐scale erosion propagation from the Sichuan Basin westward to the Tibetan Plateau since Late Cenozoic caused the Longmen Shan hinterland to reach a subcritical wedge state. Tectonic activity retreats to the edge of Plateau, enhancing the rapid uplift of the Longmen Shan and inhibiting the propagation of substantial shortening deformation to the foreland basin. The foreland thrust belt slides stably along the shallow detachment, causing the initiation and growth of the Longquan fault in the leading front. These results explain why both the Longmen Shan hinterland and the western Sichuan foreland thrust belts are currently in a state of simultaneous seismic activity. Our findings offer important implications regarding the seismic potentials of other fold‐and‐thrust belts that interact with dynamic surface processes.
A comprehensive Bioconductor ecosystem for the design of CRISPR guide RNAs across nucleases and technologies
Authors: Hoberecht Luke , Perampalam Pirunthan , Lun Aaron , Fortin Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe success of CRISPR-mediated gene perturbation studies is highly dependent on the quality of gRNAs, and several tools have been developed to enable optimal gRNA design. However, these tools are not all adaptable to the latest CRISPR modalities or nucleases, nor do they offer comprehensive annotation methods for advanced CRISPR applications. Here, we present a new ecosystem of R packages, called crisprVerse, that enables efficient gRNA design and annotation for a multitude of CRISPR technologies. This includes CRISPR knockout (CRISPRko), CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), CRISPR base editing (CRISPRbe) and CRISPR knockdown (CRISPRkd). The core package, crisprDesign, offers a user-friendly and unified interface to add off-target annotations, rich gene and SNP annotations, and on- and off-target activity scores. These functionalities are enabled for any RNA- or DNA-targeting nucleases, including Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13. The crisprVerse ecosystem is open-source and deployed through the Bioconductor project (https://github.com/crisprVerse).