bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does drought increase the antioxidant nutrient capacity of tomatoes?
Authors: Dere Sultan , Kusvuran Sebnem , Dasgan Hayriye Yildiz 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTomato fruit has long been regarded as a valuable functional food due to its potential role in the prevention of chronic diseases and thus its positive impacts on human health. In this study, the effect of drought under the climate change threat on increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and non‐enzymatic antioxidants in terms of functional food properties of tomato fruits was investigated. Nine drought‐tolerant tomato genotypes and two commercial cultivars were grown in an open field that was well watered and exposed to drought stress conditions. The biochemical effects of drought stress in fruit were determined by evaluating the fruits' contents of lipid peroxidation, vitamin C (l‐ascorbic acid), total phenols, total flavonoids, lycopene, and beta‐carotene and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), total soluble solids and pH. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between tomato genotypes in the antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants such as vitamin C, total phenolics, flavonoids, TSS and beta‐carotene increased, in tomato fruit under drought. However, pH was slightly decreased. A slight increase in lycopene was observed. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT, APX and GR were significantly increased in tomato fruit under drought. The increased antioxidant capacity of drought‐tolerant tomatoes has been found promising in terms of human nutrition under the threat of climate change.
Increased monocyte distribution width in COVID‐19 and sepsis arises from a complex interplay of altered monocyte cellular size and subset frequency
Authors: Cusinato Martina , Hadcocks Linda , Yona Simon , Planche Timothy , Macallan Derek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMonocyte distribution width (MDW), a parameter generated alongside full blood counts (FBC) in new‐generation haematology analysers, has been proposed as a diagnostic test for severe infection/sepsis. It represents the standard deviation (SD) of the monocyte mean volume (MMV).MethodsThis study aimed to compare monocyte volumetric parameters retrieved by the UniCel DxH 900 haematology analyser (MMV and MDW) against corresponding parameters from the same sample measured using flow cytometry (forward scatter [FSC] mean and SD) in combination with phenotypic characterization of monocyte subtypes. We analysed blood samples from healthy individuals (n = 11) and patients with conditions associated with elevated MDW: sepsis (n = 26) and COVID‐19 (n = 15).ResultsBetween‐instrument comparisons of monocyte volume parameters (MMV vs. FSC‐mean) showed relatively good levels of correlation, but comparisons across volume variability parameters (MDW vs. FSC‐SD) were poor. Stratification on sample type revealed this lack of correlation only within the sepsis group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that in healthy controls intermediate monocytes are the largest and non‐classical the smallest cells. In each disease state, however, each monocyte subset undergoes different changes in volume and frequency that together determine the overall configuration of the monocyte population. Increased MDW was associated with reduced classical monocyte frequency and increased intermediate monocyte size. In COVID‐19, the range of monocyte sizes (smallest to largest) reduced, whereas in sepsis it increased.ConclusionIncreased MDW in COVID‐19 and sepsis has no single flow cytometric phenotypic correlate. It represents—within a single value—the delicate equipoise between monocyte subset frequency and size.
Study on aptamer based high throughput approach identifies natural ingredients against RGNNV
Authors: Wei Hongling , Liu Mingzhu , Ke Ke , Xiao Shuangyan , Huang Lin , He Qiongyu , Mo Changping , Pang Hai , Xiao Guozhu , Li Pengfei , Yu Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the most destructive pathogens in marine fish aquaculture and is capable of infecting more than 50 fish species worldwide, which resulted in great economic losses. Effective drugs for managing NNV infection are urgently required. Medicinal plants have been known for thousands of years and benefit of medicinal plants against pathogens in aquaculture have emerged. Nowadays, the most commonly used method for detecting virus infection and assessing antiviral drugs efficacy is reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time PCR. However, the application is limited on account of high reagent costs, complex time‐consuming operations and long detection time. Aptamers have been widely applied in application of pathogens or diseases diagnosis and treatments because of high specificity, strong affinity, good stability, easy synthesized and low costs. This study aimed to establish an aptamer (GBN34)‐based high‐throughput screening (GBN34‐AHTS) model for efficient selection and evaluation of natural ingredients against NNV infection. GBN34‐AHTS is an expeditious rapid method for selecting natural ingredients against NNV, which is characterized with high‐speed, dram, sensitive and accurate. AHTS strategy could reduce work intensity and experimental costs and shorten the whole screening cycle of effective ingredients. AHTS should be suitable for rapid selection of effective ingredients against other viruses, which is important for improving the prevention and controlling of aquatic diseases.
Preventive health therapy and behavior outcomes from a brown bag medication review for older adults
Authors: Chang Feng , O'Connell Mary Beth , Mills Megan E. , Hwang Jamie M. , Khreizat Hanan S. , Garwood Candice L. , Houser Ashley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMorbidity and mortality associated with preventable diseases can be reduced with the use of preventive health services. We evaluated the uptake and retention of preventive health behaviors and management of accidental medication poisonings in older adults after a health prevention educational component was combined with a brown bag medication review.MethodsThis study used a cohort design and was conducted in six urban senior centers and three independent senior living communities in Detroit, Michigan. Participants included 85 older adults (>60 years old) taking five or more medications with 63 participants returning follow up materials. Pharmacy personnel conducted brown bag medication reviews that were combined with a preventive health education component. Information was collected on medications, vaccinations, supplement use, and accidental medication poisoning management. Participants were given written recommendations on prescription medications and preventive health therapies to improve health and medication use. An investigator developed program satisfaction survey was administered immediately after the review. An investigator‐developed follow‐up preventive health implementation survey was conducted at least 3 months later to assess recommendation implementation.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 75.9 ± 8.5 years. Fifty‐six older adults had 124 recommendations in preventive health in total (1–5/participant). Eleven participants had no recommendations. Sixty‐three participants (74%) returned follow‐up preventive health surveys. Twenty‐three percent of recommendations were already implemented with 34% planned to be done in the future. Poisoning management knowledge increased for 13 participants, reporting they would call the poison control center. The program was well received, with participants reporting high satisfaction scores (4.8 ± 0.7 out of 5).ConclusionsBrown bag medication reviews can be an effective method to promote the uptake of preventive health behaviors among older adults, but additional accidental medication poisoning management education is still needed.
Mental health and COVID‐19: The impact of a virtual course for family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Lake J. K. , Volpe T. , St. John L. , Thakur A. , Steel L. , Baskin A. , Durbin A. , Chacra M. A. , Lunsky Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study evaluated a virtual course for family caregivers from across Canada, focused on supporting the mental health and well‐being of adults with IDD and their families. The evaluation examined the feasibility and acceptability of the course, as well as the impact of the intervention on participants' overall health and well‐being.MethodsThe 6‐week virtual course, informed by a parallel Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) course for service providers, combined didactic instruction with applied activities. A total of 126 family caregiver course participants consented to be part of the research evaluation delivered over three cycles between October 2020 and April 2021.Attendance was measured at each weekly session. Satisfaction was assessed weekly and post‐program. Learning, self‐efficacy, and well‐being were assessed pre‐ and post‐course, and again at follow‐up (8 weeks post‐course). Mixed‐effects models assessed changes between and within individuals across time.ResultsParticipants had consistent attendance, low‐dropout rates, and reported high satisfaction, with 93% of participants reporting that their expectations for the course were met. Compared with pre‐course, participants reported improved self‐efficacy and well‐being post‐course, which were maintained at follow‐up.ConclusionsAn interactive and applied virtual education course delivered to a large group of family caregivers of adults with IDD was both feasible and acceptable. It positively impacted participants' well‐being by offering much needed mental health support and creating a peer‐led community of practice.
Expression of mitochondrial dynamic markers in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Sant'Ana Maria Sissa Pereira , de Cáceres Cínthia Verónica Bardález López , Lima Lucas Ambrosio , Soares Ciro Dantas , Radhakrishnan Raghu , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Fonseca Felipe Paiva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial fission and fusion processes are known as mitochondrial dynamics and the occurrence of imbalances in the mitochondrial activity is related to the pathogenesis of many human cancers. However, the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in malignant salivary gland tumours remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its prognostic significance in adenoid cystic carcinoma.MethodsFifty‐seven formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded cases were retrieved and disposed in tissue microarray. Histological sections were submitted to immunohistochemical reactions against AMT, DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, MFN2 and OPA1 proteins. Clinical data were retrieved from the patients' medical files, including specific and disease‐free survival data.ResultsIt was observed that 50.9% of the cases were strongly positive for AMT and DRP1, and 49.1%, 21.1%, 22.8% and 24.6% strongly positive for FIS1, MFN1, MFN2 and OPA1, respectively. Reactions were observed in both epithelial and myoepithelial components of the tumour. The higher expression of MFN2 was associated with solid microscopic pattern (p = 0.016). DRP1 overexpression showed a trend towards a shorter overall survival (p = 0.054), while negative/weak OPA1 showed a trend towards a lower disease‐free survival (p = 0.051) in the univariate analysis, but no mitochondrial marker represented an independent prognostic determinant under multivariate analysis.ConclusionIn conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics markers do not seem to carry a prognostic significance for adenoid cystic carcinoma patients, but these proteins may play an important role in its pathogenesis.
Thrive, survive, or perish: The impact of regional autonomy on the demographic dynamics of Italian Alpine territories
Authors: Matsiuk Nadiia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMountain communities face the threat of depopulation, as residents age or move to large cities in the lowland. This issue is pressing for Italy, where a large portion of the territory is mountainous and the overall population is rapidly aging. This paper analyses whether the autonomous status of a region affects the demographic dynamics of its mountain areas. The question is currently being fiercely debated in Italy, with border municipalities seeking to switch region in pursuit of perceived benefits, mainly in the form of the direct management of a larger portion of taxes. The analysis relies on an adjacency‐based estimation approach, including spatial regression discontinuity techniques, to compare population changes in mountain areas randomly selected from Northern Italian regions with special statutes versus neighboring regions without special statute. Measuring population changes in the 2000s shows a significant difference in the demographic dynamics in border regions, with areas in autonomous regions experiencing more favorable population dynamics. Our hypothesis is that fiscal autonomy contributes to sustainable local development and the survival of mountain communities.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Chronic Disease Predictors Among American High School Students*
Authors: Alexander Janae , Gilreath Tamika , Grant Morgan , Curran Laurel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have attempted to define clusters of chronic disease predictors with additional focus on racial/ethnic differences. The purpose of this study was to highlight differences in predictors of chronic diseases among American high school students by identifying subgroups using latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsThe chronic disease predictor variable used in the analysis was created from 5 modified items in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance that were identified to be critical to healthy lifestyles in Healthy People 2020. Descriptive, bivariate, multinomial logistic regression and LCA were performed using SAS 9.4 and Mplus in 9th to 12th grade students, using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 13,677).ResultsThree distinct classes emerged for US high school students and were characterized as high, moderate, and low risk of chronic disease (38%, 33%, and 29%, respectively). Black and Asian students had a higher chance of being in the high‐risk class of chronic diseases.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityEmphasis should be placed on sociocultural and socio‐environmentally structured prevention programs for at risk/students, ensuring that policy formation reflects the language, identity, and needs of the populations at risk.ConclusionsThe behavioral similarities of the classes identified highlight the need for continued research, novel interventions, and culturally sensitive strategies and policies in US high schools.
BLIND SPOTS IN MUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY: Ancient Egypt in the Ethnographic Museum
Authors: Stevenson Alice , Williams Alice 
Published: July 2022

abstract
In the past few decades, the literature in museum anthropology has advocated efforts to be more transparent about its colonial origins, address the historical injustices of imperial collecting, and rethink display narratives in collaboration with source communities. In this paper, however, we question the extent to which the epistemic and political predicaments underlying ethnographic representations are being fundamentally and systematically confronted. As we highlight with the example of ancient Egyptian material, it is apparent that significant parts of museum holdings remain freighted by unquestioned colonial and Eurocentric discourses. We employ a case study of the Egyptian material redisplayed in the “World Cultures” gallery of the Horniman Museum, London, to demonstrate how the ethnographic museum continues to unwittingly produce “silences” around collections. To redress the lacunae we provide examples of the way in which this body of material could be more meaningfully integrated within museological discourses that have informed the rethinking of other aspects of world culture.
Epidemiological cut‐off values for itraconazole and ravuconazole for Madurella mycetomatis, the most common causative agent of mycetoma
Authors: Nyuykonge Bertrand , Siddig Emmanuel E. , Mhmoud Najwa Adam , Nyaoke Borna A. , Zijlstra Eduard E. , Verbon Annelies , Bakhiet Sahar , Fahal Ahmed H. , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEumycetoma is a neglected tropical disease. It is a chronic inflammatory subcutaneous infection characterised by painless swellings which produce grains. It is currently treated with a combination of itraconazole and surgery. In an ongoing clinical study, the efficacy of fosravuconazole, the prodrug of ravuconazole, is being investigated. For both itraconazole and ravuconazole, no clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cut‐off values (ECV) to guide treatment are currently available.ObjectiveTo determine tentative ECVs for itraconazole and ravuconazole in Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma.Materials and MethodsMinimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for itraconazole and ravuconazole were determined in 131 genetically diverse clinical M. mycetomatis isolates with the modified CLSI M38 broth microdilution method. The MIC distributions were established and used to determine ECVs with the ECOFFinder software. CYP51A sequences were sequenced to determine whether mutations occurred in this azole target gene, and comparisons were made between the different CYP51A variants and the MIC distributions.ResultsThe MICs ranged from 0.008 to 1 mg/L for itraconazole and from 0.002 to 0.125 mg/L for ravuconazole. The M. mycetomatis ECV for itraconazole was 1 mg/L and for ravuconazole 0.064 mg/L. In the wild‐type population, two CYP51A variants were found for M. mycetomatis, which differed in one amino acid at position 499 (S499G). The MIC distributions for itraconazole and ravuconazole were similar between the two variants. No mutations linked to decreased susceptibility were found.ConclusionThe proposed M. mycetomatis ECV for itraconazole is 1 mg/L and for ravuconazole 0.064 mg/L.
Within‐eye and between‐subject variability for reflectance of the retinal nerve fibre layer
Authors: Cheung Hin , Swanson William H. , King Brett J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeReflectance of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) can contribute to detecting the presence of glaucomatous damage and defining its extent. As a step towards developing a normative database for RNFL reflectance, we assessed within‐eye and between‐subject variability for RNFL reflectance in healthy eyes.MethodsVertical 30° × 15° volume scans at the optic disc were gathered using SD‐OCT (Spectralis OCT) from people free of eye disease. Scans were gathered for both eyes of 30 younger adults (mean ± SD = 27 ± 3 years) and for one eye of 30 older adults (68 ± 8 years). Reflectance was quantified for each voxel as the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient (AC). Values for AC were extracted for four slabs (0–52, 24–52, 24–36 and 36–60 μm) and at depths from 24 to 60 μm below the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in 4 μm steps.ResultsBetween‐subject and within‐eye standard deviations (SDs) for the logarithm of AC were similar; median differences were 0.02–0.03 log unit across all four slabs and depths from 24 to 48 μm. Means for the logarithm of AC were higher for younger than older eyes by ~0.1 log unit; this age effect was not due to differences in the raw reflectance of the RNFL, but rather to age‐related changes in reflectance of deeper retina affecting the calculation of AC.ConclusionsIn both groups, within‐eye variability in RNFL reflectance near the optic disc was similar to between‐subject variability. A better understanding of within‐eye variability would be useful for developing normative databases.
Antenatal magnesium sulfate and ritodrine increased potassium levels in preterm infants: A cohort study
Authors: Hira Seigo , Ban Ryoichi , Ogawa Satoru , Sakai Kyoko , Takitani Kimitaka , Ashida Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRitodrine and magnesium sulfate are administered to prevent preterm labor. Magnesium sulfate is also administered to prevent preeclampsia. These drugs have been reported to increase potassium levels in pregnant women and neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between potassium levels in preterm infants and antenatal treatment.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at Saiseikai Suita Hospital. Preterm infants born at <35 weeks' gestation between October 2012 and September 2014 were recruited and divided into four groups based on the antenatal treatment their mothers received. Serum and urine electrolyte levels at birth and serum potassium levels 1 day after birth were measured.ResultsThe mothers of 16 infants received no antenatal treatment (condition C); the mothers of 29 infants received antenatal ritodrine (R); the mothers of seven infants received magnesium sulfate (M); and the mothers of 15 infants received both magnesium sulfate and ritodrine (M + R). At birth, potassium levels were similar among the four groups. However, potassium levels a day after birth were significantly higher in the M + R group than in the other groups: median (min.–max.) mEq/L 4.8 (3.8–6.2), 4.8 (3.6–6.0), and 4.4 (3.8–5.9) vs. 5.8 (4.9–7.2), in the C, R, and M groups versus the M + R group, respectively (P < 0.01). Significantly more infants in the M + R group exhibited a fractional excretion of potassium of <10% compared with those in the other groups.ConclusionThe increased potassium levels we observe in preterm infants of mothers who received antenatal magnesium sulfate and ritodrine administration on postnatal day 1 warrant monitoring by neonatologists.
Moderate Low UVB Irradiation Modulates Tumor‐associated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells and Promotes Antitumor Immunity in Tumor‐bearing Mice†
Authors: Park Gayoung , Cui Yan‐Hong , Yang Seungwon , Sun Ming , Wilkinson Emma , Li Haixia , Zhang Yuhan Blair , Chen Jing , Bissonnette Marc , Lin Wenbin , He Yu‐Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExcessive, high doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) UVB irradiation are known to cause skin cancer, aging and immunosuppression. On the contrary, moderate low doses of UVB irradiation are shown to be essential and beneficial to human health, including a tumor‐suppressive effect. However, the mechanism by which low levels of UVB suppress tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, using tumor‐bearing mouse models, we show that moderate low repetitive UVB irradiation increases the percentage of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD103+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), while it decreases the number of immunosuppressive, M2‐like macrophages in the tumors. Finally, in mice, deletion of Batf3, a transcription factor critical for the development of conventional dendritic cells, including the CD103+ cDC1s, showed increased tumor growth in both sham‐ and UVB‐irradiated mice. Our findings demonstrate that moderate low UVB irradiation inhibits M2‐like tumor‐associated macrophages, increases CD103+ cDC1s and promotes antitumor immunity in mice with an established tumor.