bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's Disease and the Possible Role of Vitamin D
Authors: Azhari Sheren Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes dementia. Despite the enormous global economic cost and impact on patients' immediate family members, there is no definitive cure, necessitating the development of improved therapeutic options. While memory and cognition are significantly impaired with (AD), the actual cause remains unknown. Among well-known hypotheses used to explain AD pathophysiology is Amyloid (A β) plaque development and aggregation hypothesis. There are now five FDA-approved medications that are used as therapy alternatives. All medications are used to treat symptoms of (AD.) So, disease modifying treatments that target the AD pathological changes, are required. Those treatments may targeting suppression of the pathogenesis pathways. Vitamin D is generated in human epithelial cells through the photochemical formation and is also obtained through dietary resources. Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism are two of the most well-known vitamin D impacts. Aside from that, non-traditional vitamin D benefits have recently acquired popularity. Vitamin D regulates the growth and activities of the central nervous system, which is an important but less understood function of the vitamin. Vitamin D's neuroprotective properties are associated with its effects on neurotrophin creation and secretion, neuromodulator synthesis, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and avoidance of oxidative nerve damage. The protective and therapeutic effects of vitamin D on neurodegenerative diseases are not intensively investigated
In this review, a comprehensive approach to understanding the pathogenesis of AD and the possible role of vitamin D in the protection and therapeutic of AD were addressed.
KBF4 Additive for Alleviating Microstrain, Improving Crystallinity, and Passivating Defects in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Haiyang , Liu Chunki , Zhuang Jing , Cao Jiupeng , Wang Tianyue , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yan Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTriple‐cation mixed perovskites have attracted much attention recently owing to their prominent optoelectronic properties and good stability for perovskite solar cells. However, the introduction of those cations with different sizes in the perovskite materials will drive the perovskite lattice away from ideal cubic structure and lead to microstrain in the resultant films. Herein,a small amount of KBF4 as an additive to elevate the quality of triple‐cation mixed perovskite thin films is introduced. It is found that KBF4 can enhance the crystallinity and alleviate microstrain of the perovskite thin films. Moreover, KBF4 can passivate defects in perovskite grains, leading to much longer carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the resultant devices show improved fill factor, enhanced device efficiency, and better device stability. Under optimum fabrication conditions, triple‐cation mixed perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure show power conversion efficiency over 23% as well as excellent stability under different conditions.
Inhibiting Stress‐Activated Signals to Reverse Heat Resistance for Augmented Photothermal Therapy Based on Biologically Derived Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Luo Guo‐Feng , Liang Jun‐Long , Zheng Di‐Wei , Ji Ping , Wang Jia‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Hai , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral stress‐activated signals are highly responsible for the thermal tolerance and attribute to the poor therapeutic outcome of photothermal therapy (PTT). In this study, the naturally human hair‐derived nanoparticles (Hair NPs) with significant photothermal conversion efficacy are explored to combine with stress‐activated signal inhibitors for maximizing the PTT efficiency. During the Hair NPs‐based PTT, two distinct signals are found to be remarkably upregulated. One is the heat‐induced overexpression of HSP90, and the other one is the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Through the integration of particular inhibitors (17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) specifically binding to HSP90 or LY2228820 targeting to p38 MAPK) and the subsequent modification of hyaluronic acid (HA), the resultant Hair NPs‐HA@inhibitor can specifically deliver the inhibitor into tumor cells with minimal side effects on normal tissues, which can specifically block the stressfully activated signals as well as inhibit the expression of their downstream effectors (e.g., MMPs, VEGF) that are closely related with tumor survival and invasion. Without these elements to protect tumor cells or promote tumor progression, the Hair NPs‐induced PTT effect can be much elevated, resulting in a superior antitumor efficacy. These findings represent an effective approach in maximizing PTT effect for fighting against tumor.
Multiplexed Ultrasound Imaging Using Spectral Analysis on Gas Vesicles
Authors: Kim Sangnam , Zhang Siyuan , Yoon Sangpil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent advances in ultrasound imaging techniques combined with the next generation contrast agents such as gas vesicles (GV) revolutionize the visualization of biological tissues with spatiotemporal precision. In optics, fluorescent proteins enable understanding of molecular and cellular functions in biological systems due to their multiplexed imaging capability. Here, a panel of GVs is investigated using mid‐band fit (MBF) spectral imaging to realize multiplexed ultrasound imaging to uniquely visualize locations of different types of stationary GVs. The MBF spectral imaging technique demonstrates that stationary clustered GVs are efficiently localized and distinguished from unclustered GVs in agarose gel phantom and 3D vessel structures are visualized in ex vivo mouse liver specimens. Mouse macrophages serve as carriers of clustered and unclustered GVs and multiplexing beacons to report cells’ spatial locations by emitting distinct spectral signals. 2D MBF spectral images are reconstructed, and pixels in these images are classified depending on MBF values by comparing predetermined filters that predict the existence of cells with clustered and unclustered GVs. This pseudo‐coloring scheme clearly distinguishes the locations of two classes of cells like pseudo‐color images in fluorescence microscopy.
Theory‐Driven Design of a Cationic Accelerator for High‐Performance Electrolytic MnO2–Zn Batteries
Authors: Chuai Mingyan , Yang Jinlong , Tan Rui , Liu Zaichun , Yuan Yuan , Xu Yan , Sun Jifei , Wang Mingming , Zheng Xinhua , Chen Na , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAqueous electrolytic MnO2–Zn batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy‐storage devices for their cost effectiveness, high output voltage, and safety, but their electrochemical performance is limited by the sluggish kinetics of cathodic MnO2/Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. To overcome this critical challenge, herein, a cationic accelerator (CA) strategy is proposed based on the prediction of first‐principles calculations. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is utilized as a model to testify the rational design of the CA strategy. It manifests that the CA effectively facilitates rapid cations migration in electrolyte and adequate charge transfer at electrode–electrolyte interface, benefiting the deposition/dissolution processes of both Mn2+ and Zn2+ cations to simultaneously improve kinetics of cathodic MnO2/Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. The resulting MnO2–Zn battery regulated by CA exhibits large reversible capacities of 455 mAh g–1 and 3.64 mAh cm–2 at 20 C, as well as a long lifespan of 2000 cycles with energy density retention of 90%, achieving one of the best overall performances in the electrolytic MnO2–Zn batteries. This comprehensive work integrating theoretical prediction with experimental studies provides opportunities to the development of high‐performance energy‐storage devices.
A Drill Pipe‐Embedded Vibration Energy Harvester and Self‐Powered Sensor Based on Annular Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Measurement while Drilling System
Authors: Du Taili , Dong Fangyang , Xu Ruijiang , Zou Yongjiu , Wang Hao , Jiang Xingjia , Xi Ziyue , Yuan Haichao , Zhang Yuewen , Sun Peiting , Xu Minyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeasurement while drilling (MWD) system of offshore drill pipe is of great significance for safety production. It is greatly demanded to develop a sustainable power supply as well as self‐powered sensors for the MWD system. In this work, a drill pipe‐embedded annular type triboelectric nanogenerator (AT‐TENG) is proposed and systematically investigated, and it consists of an annular silicone rubber and a pair of electrodes. The design of the AT‐TENG allows the silicone rubber to contact and separate with the electrodes easily in a narrow space under arbitrary direction vibration to realize power generation. The experimental results show that the peak power density of AT‐TENG with single‐pair electrode reaches 63.7 W m−3 under the vibration frequency of 4 Hz and amplitude of 100 mm. The minimum peak voltage is >65 V within 360° lateral vibration range. The peak voltage achieves 351.62 V under the third‐order natural frequency. In addition, the amplitude and frequency obtained from the voltage signals exhibit linearly with those of actual vibration. The mean error between the frequency detected by AT‐TENG and actual frequency is <0.03%. Thus, the AT‐TENG can serve as an energy harvester and self‐powered vibration sensor.
Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)−N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles
Authors: Wu Jintao , Peng Zehui , Shen Tong , Liu Zhong‐Quan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe previous strategies for oxidative cleavage of 2,3‐double bond of substituted indoles generally suffered from usage of heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants or hash conditions. Herein, we reported an electrochemistry‐driven aerobic cleavage of C(2)=C(3)/C(2)−N bonds of indoles. Through an undivided cell, various indoles and its derivatives can be converted into the corresponding ortho‐amino aryl ketones. This method features metal‐free, air‐as‐oxidant and easy scalability.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Azulene‐2‐Carboxylic Acids with 1,3‐Dienes for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Azulenolactones
Authors: Maeng Chanyoung , Yun Yongjoo , Son Jeong‐Yu , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have developed Pd‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions of a wide range of azulene‐2‐carboxylic acids with a large number of activated as well as unactivated 1,3‐dienes, consequently allowing a streamlined synthetic method for the selective preparation of monosubstituted alkenyl dihydroazulenolactones and their derivatives.magnified image
Alkyne‐Based Syntheses of Carbo‐ and Heterohelicenes
Authors: Gulevskaya Anna V. , Tonkoglazova Daria I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract[n]Helicenes are polycyclic aromatic molecules in which n ortho‐condensed benzene or other aromatic rings give rise to helical chiral and highly conjugated structures. The unique screw shape, helically extended π‐system and intriguing electronic and chirooptical properties of these molecules have attracted scientific interest for decades. The applications of helicenes have now expanded into several fields including material science, nanoscience, biochemistry, supramolecular and polymer chemistry. Despite the great theoretical and practical interest in helicenes, their synthesis remains a challenge. Among synthetic approaches to helicenes, alkyne cyclizations have great potential, since carbon‐rich high‐energy alkynes can form aromatic rings via cycloisomerizations. These processes are atom‐economic. In addition, alkyne reactions are highly favorable thermodynamically. This review focuses on alkyne‐based syntheses of carbo‐ and heterohelicenes (2000–2022). These syntheses are obviously multistage. In the review, they are systematized in terms of the key step leading to the formation of a helical shape. The methods are grouped into two categories: (a) metal‐free syntheses and (b) transition‐metal‐catalyzed syntheses. This division is very arbitrary, since catalytic Sonogashira and Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions and others are often used to prepare starting materials in the syntheses of the first group. Most of the publications on the topic are related to transition‐metal‐catalyzed syntheses of helicenes.magnified image
Dual Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Behavior of BTO/SU‐8 Photopatternable Nanocomposites for Highly Efficient Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Beigh Nadeem Tariq , Singh Shalini , Goswami Ankur , Mallick Dhiman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sustenance of the growing Internet of Things revolution requires suitable self‐powering solutions, which can be appropriately complemented by developing efficient energy harvesting systems. Typically, conventional piezoelectric thin film‐based energy harvesters are not promising due to high cost, low coverage area, and size‐frequency‐power trade‐off. Piezoelectric/triboelectric transduction driven mechanical energy harvesters (MEHs) based on nanocomposites offer better efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and large‐scale production. Here, % weight ratio‐dependent piezoelectric/triboelectric property analysis, and optimization of Barium Titanate (BTO)/SU‐8 based photopatternable nanocomposite thin films are reported for developing highly efficient MEHs. Further, the performance of the nanocomposite is shown to be enhanced by controlled graphene nano‐platelet doping and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Elaborate Finite Element Method (FEM) study is performed to support the experimental findings. Finally, three MEH devices are developed based on the optimally prepared variants of the nanocomposite and compared experimentally. A maximum output voltage of≈3 V and power density of 0.65µW cm−2are obtained at 0.75 g and at the resonance frequency of 38 Hz from the graphene doped 20% BTO/SU‐8 based harvester. The prototypes have demonstrated the potential to deliver a regulated output voltage of 3.3 V within 40 s of periodic excitation upon integration with a customized power management unit for powering low‐power electronics.
Low Energy and Analog Memristor Enabled by Regulation of Ru ion Motion for High Precision Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Kwon Jae Uk , Chun Suk Yeop , Song Young Geun , Jeong Doo Seok , Kang Chong‐Yun , Kim Seong Keun , Nahm Sahn , Yoon Jung Ho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMobile species and matrix materials in ion motion‐mediated memristors predominantly determine the switching characteristics and device performance. As a result of exploring a new type of mobile species, a Ru ion‐mediated electrochemical metallization‐like memristor with an amorphous oxide matrix is recently suggested to achieve a low switching current, voltage, and good retention simultaneously. Although the ion migration of Ru in the oxide matrix is previously confirmed, no in‐depth study on how the crystallinity of the oxide matrix influences the Ru ion motion and switching characteristics has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the crystallinity‐dependent resistive switching behavior of the Pt/HfO2/Ru structure device is investigated. With the crystallized HfO2layer, the preferred Ru ion migration through the grain boundaries occurs owing to the enhanced ion mobility, resulting in a high switching current (≈100µA) with continuous metallic Ru conducting filaments. The discontinuous conducting filaments with amorphous HfO2exhibit a low switching current. In addition, highly linear and symmetric conductance modulation properties are achieved, and over 91.5% accuracy in the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) pattern recognition test is demonstrated.
Integrating prevention into the risk management policy toolkit: A strategy for improving resilience to extreme events
Authors: Baldwin Katherine , Effland Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe incidence of extreme natural hazard events in the U.S. has been rising, with far‐reaching implications for the U.S. agricultural sector. Yet, government expenditures on natural hazards in agriculture remain largely concentrated on recovery programs that compensate producers for damages after the fact. This article presents a risk management approach that incorporates a focus on prevention and mitigation which could offer greater cost‐effectiveness and help to build a more resilient agricultural sector. In this context, we explore the U.S. agricultural risk management policy landscape and identify some possibilities for how such an approach could be integrated into current programming.
Achieving over 18 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cell Enabled by a ZnO‐Based Hybrid Electron Transport Layer with an Operational Lifetime up to 5 Years
Authors: Li Shitong , Fu Qiang , Meng Lingxian , Wan Xiangjian , Ding Liming , Lu Guanyu , Lu Guanghao , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough organic solar cells (OSCs) have delivered an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19 %, most of them demonstrated rather limited stability. So far, there are hardly any effective and universal strategies to improve stability of state‐of‐the‐art OSCs. Herein, we developed a hybrid electron‐transport layer (ETL) in inverted OSCs using ZnO and a new modifying agent (NMA), and significantly improved the stability and PCEs for all the tested devices. In particular, when applied in the D18 : N3 system, its inverted OSC exhibits so far the highest PCE (18.20 %) among inverted single‐junction OSCs, demonstrating an extrapolated T80 lifetime of 7572 h (equivalent to 5 years under outdoor exposure). This is the first report with T80 over 5000 h among OSCs with over 18 % PCE. Furthermore, a high PCE of 16.12 % can be realized even in a large‐area device (1 cm2). This hybrid ETL strategy provides a strong stimulus for highly prospective commercialization of OSCs.
Modulating Tit2gOrbital Occupancy in a Cu/TiO2Composite for Selective Photocatalytic CO2Reduction to CO
Authors: Zhu Kainan , Zhu Qian , Jiang Mengpei , Zhang Yaowen , Shao Zhiyu , Geng Zhibin , Wang Xiyang , Zeng Hui , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Wei , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure of composites plays a critical role in photocatalytic conversion, whereas it is challenging to modulate the orbital for an efficient catalyst. Herein, we regulated thet2gorbital occupancy state of Ti to realize efficient CO2conversion by adjusting the amount of photo‐deposited Cu in the Cu/TiO2composite. For the optimal sample, considerable electrons transfer from the Cudorbital to the Tit2gorbital, as proven by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The Raman spectra results also corroborate the electron enrichment on the Tit2gorbital. Further theoretical calculations suggested that the orbital energy of the Ti3dorbital in TiO2is declined, contributing to accepting Cu 3d electrons. As a result, the Cu/TiO2composite exhibited an extremely high selectivity of 95.9 % for CO, and the productivity was 15.27 μmol g−1 h−1, which is almost 6 times that of the original TiO2. Our work provides a strategy for designing efficient photocatalysis as a function of orbital regulation.
Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C−C and C−N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Lv Honggui , Xu Xinyue , Li Jing , Huang Xiaobo , Fang Guoyong , Zheng Lifei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, we present the divergent syntheses of α‐arylacylamides and oxindoles via mechanoredox chemistry by using easily accessible α‐bromoN‐sulfonyl amides as starting materials. Our system consists of a catalytic amount of CuIIprecatalyst and piezoelectric materials. The highly polarized BaTiO3or PbTiO3under mechanical agitation can act as an electron donor to realize the recycling of CuIIand CuI. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations have been performed to support the proposed mechanistic rationale for the cascade reactions.
Upconversion/Downshifting Multimode Luminescence of Lanthanide‐doped Nanocrystals for Multidimensional Information Encoding Security
Authors: Song Yapai , Sun Renrui , Sun Guotao , Xie Yao , Sun Lining 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInformation encoding security has always been a research hotspot in the optical field. Although many studies focused on luminescent materials and techniques for information security, the optical information encoding is limited by low information capacity and security. Herein, we present new core‐shell‐shell (CSS) lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals which display multi‐stimuli‐responsive and multimode emission. In the designed CSS nanostructure, the Stokes and anti‐Stokes processes can be both achieved in the same nanocrystals under the excitation of 1532, 980, and 254 nm via self‐excited Er3+ and Ce3+‐sensitized mechanisms. Subsequently, a group of unique multimode emission CSS nanocrystals were designed as optical modules and successfully utilized in multidimensional information encoding, which demonstrates high‐level information encoding capability and security. This work brings a powerful idea for information encoding security designs based on multimode luminesce materials.
Cardiovascular biomarker troponin I biosensor: Aptamer‐gold‐antibody hybrid on a metal oxide surface
Authors: hui Hu , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Ismail Zool H. , Chen Yeng , Pandian K. , Velusamy Palaniyandi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is highly related to cardiac arrest leading to death and organ damage. Radiological techniques and electrocardiography have been used as preliminary tests to diagnose MI; however, these techniques are not sensitive enough for early‐stage detection. A blood biomarker‐based diagnosis is an immediate solution, and due to the high correlation of troponin with MI, it has been considered to be a gold‐standard biomarker. In the present research, the cardiac biomarker troponin I (cTnI) was detected on an interdigitated electrode sensor with various surface interfaces. To detect cTnI, a capture aptamer‐conjugated gold nanoparticle probe and detection antibody probe were utilized and compared through an alternating sandwich pattern. The surface metal oxide morphology of the developed sensor was proven by microscopic assessments. The limit of detection with the aptamer‐gold‐cTnI‐antibody sandwich pattern was 100 aM, while it was 1 fM with antibody‐gold‐cTnI‐aptamer, representing 10‐fold differences. Further, the high performance of the sensor was confirmed by selective cTnI determination in serum, exhibiting superior nonfouling. These methods of determination provide options for generating novel assays for diagnosing MI.