bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia-specific deletion of histone deacetylase 3 promotes inflammation resolution, white matter integrity, and functional recovery in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhao Yongfang , Mu Hongfeng , Huang Yichen , Li Sicheng , Wang Yangfan , Stetler R. Anne , Bennett Michael V. L. , Dixon C. Edward , Chen Jun , Shi Yejie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are believed to exacerbate traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on studies using pan-HDAC inhibitors. However, the HDAC isoform responsible for the detrimental effects and the cell types involved remain unknown, which may hinder the development of specific targeting strategies that boost therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Microglia are important mediators of post-TBI neuroinflammation and critically impact TBI outcome. HDAC3 was reported to be essential to the inflammatory program of in vitro cultured macrophages, but its role in microglia and in the post-TBI brain has not been investigated in vivo.

Methods
We generated HDAC3LoxP mice and crossed them with CX3CR1CreER mice, enabling in vivo conditional deletion of HDAC3. Microglia-specific HDAC3 knockout (HDAC3 miKO) was induced in CX3CR1CreER:HDAC3LoxP mice with 5 days of tamoxifen treatment followed by a 30-day development interval. The effects of HDAC3 miKO on microglial phenotype and neuroinflammation were examined 3–5 days after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Neurological deficits and the integrity of white matter were assessed for 6 weeks after TBI by neurobehavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and electrophysiology.

Results
HDAC3 miKO mice harbored specific deletion of HDAC3 in microglia but not in peripheral monocytes. HDAC3 miKO reduced the number of microglia by 26%, but did not alter the inflammation level in the homeostatic brain. After TBI, proinflammatory microglial responses and brain inflammation were markedly alleviated by HDAC3 miKO, whereas the infiltration of blood immune cells was unchanged, suggesting a primary effect of HDAC3 miKO on modulating microglial phenotype. Importantly, HDAC3 miKO was sufficient to facilitate functional recovery for 6 weeks after TBI. TBI-induced injury to axons and myelin was ameliorated, and signal conduction by white matter fiber tracts was significantly enhanced in HDAC3 miKO mice.

Conclusion
Using a novel microglia-specific conditional knockout mouse model, we delineated for the first time the role of microglial HDAC3 after TBI in vivo. HDAC3 miKO not only reduced proinflammatory microglial responses, but also elicited long-lasting improvement of white matter integrity and functional recovery after TBI. Microglial HDAC3 is therefore a promising therapeutic target to improve long-term outcomes after TBI.
Effectiveness of the online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention “Embrace Pain” for cancer survivors with chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van de Graaf Daniëlle L. , Mols Floortje , Trompetter Hester R. , van der Lee Marije L. , Schreurs Karlein M. G. , Børøsund Elin , Nes Lise Solberg , Smeets Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout 30% of cancer survivors suffer from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) ≥6 months after completion of chemotherapy. This condition, for which treatment options are scarce, comes with limitations in daily life functioning and decreased quality of life. The current study examines the effectiveness of an online self-help intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in comparison to a waiting list condition (WLC) to deal with CIPN. In addition, it examines which factors moderate effects and to what extent the effects differ between guided and unguided ACT intervention.MethodsA two-parallel, non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out. Adult cancer survivors who experience painful CIPN for at least 3 months and completed chemotherapy at least 6 months ago will be recruited (n=146). In the intervention condition, participants will follow an 8-week self-management course containing 6 modules regarding psychoeducation and ACT processes, including therapeutic email guidance. By means of text and experiential exercises, supplemented with illustrations, metaphors, and audio files, people will learn to carry out value-oriented activities in their daily life with pain. Participants will learn new ways of coping with pain, including reducing pain avoidance and increasing pain acceptance. Participants in the WLC will be invited to follow the intervention without therapeutic guidance 5 months after start. Pain interference is the primary outcome, while psychological distress, quality of life, CIPN symptom severity, pain intensity, psychological flexibility, mindfulness skills, values-based living, and pain catastrophizing will serve as secondary outcomes. All outcome measures will be evaluated at inclusion and baseline, early-intervention, mid-intervention, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month post-treatment. Qualitative interviews will be conducted post-treatment regarding experiences, usage, usability, content fit, and satisfaction with the intervention.DiscussionThis study will provide valuable information on the effectiveness of an online self-help intervention based on ACT versus WLC for chronic painful CIPN patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT05371158. Registered on May 12, 2022.Protocol version: version 1, 24-05-2022
Changes of regional cerebral blood flow after deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia
Authors: Park Sungjin , Jeong Hyeonseok , Chung Yong-An , Kang Ilhyang , Kim Seunghee , Song In-Uk , Huh Ryoong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Cervical dystonia is considered as a network disorder affecting various brain regions in recent days. Presumably, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) may exert therapeutic effects for cervical dystonia through modulation of the aberrant brain networks. In the present study, we investigated postoperative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes after GPi DBS using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to identify significant activity changes in several relevant brain areas of cervical dystonia patients.

Methods
A total of 9 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia were recruited, and SPECT scans were conducted at baseline and 3 months after the bilateral GPi DBS. Voxel-wise changes of rCBF were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Symptom severity of dystonia was measured using Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) at the baseline, and 1 week, and 3 months after GPi DBS.

Results
At the 3-month follow-up after DBS, rCBF was increased in the left pons and right postcentral gyrus and decreased in the left middle frontal gyrus, left cerebellum, right putamen and pallidum, and left thalamus (p < 0.001). Severity of cervical dystonia assessed by TWSTRS was significantly decreased at 1-week and 3-month follow-up (p = 0.004).

Conclusions
Clinical improvement of cervical dystonia after GPi DBS may be accompanied by rCBF changes in several brain areas of the cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar network which are important for sensorimotor integration.
Geomagnetic conjugacy of plasma bubbles extending to mid-latitudes during a geomagnetic storm on March 1, 2013
Authors: Sori Takuya , Otsuka Yuichi , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study, for the first time, reports the geomagnetically conjugate structure of a plasma bubble extending to the mid-latitudes and the asymmetrical structure of the decay of the plasma bubble during a geomagnetic storm. We investigated the temporal and spatial variations of plasma bubbles in the Asian sector during a geomagnetic storm on March 1, 2013, using Global Navigation Satellite System-total electron content data with high spatiotemporal resolutions. The first important point of our data analysis results is that the plasma bubble extended from the equator to the mid-latitudes with geomagnetic conjugacy along the magnetic field lines. The total electron content data showed that the plasma bubbles appeared in the equatorial regions near 150° E after sunset during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. From ionosonde data over both Japan and Australia, they suggest that a large eastward electric field existed in the Asian sector. Finally, the plasma bubbles extended up to the mid-latitudes (~ 43° geomagnetic latitude) in both hemispheres, maintaining geomagnetic conjugacy. The second point is that the mid-latitude plasma bubble disappeared 1–2 h earlier in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere at close to midnight. In the northern hemisphere, the ionospheric virtual height decreased near midnight, followed by a rapid decrease in the total electron content and a rapid increase in the ionospheric virtual height. These results imply that the mid-latitude plasma bubble disappeared as the background plasma density decreased after midnight due to the recombination resulting from the descent of the F layer. Therefore, we can conclude that mid-latitude plasma bubbles can be asymmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres because of the rapid decay of plasma bubbles in one of the hemispheres.
Graphical Abstract
Space weathering signatures in sulfide and silicate minerals from asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Chaves Laura C. , Thompson Michelle S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy analyses of the polymineralic regolith particle RC-MD01-0025 show microstructural and microchemical characteristics indicative of space weathering on the surface of asteroid Itokawa. The depletion of sulfur and nickel was identified in space weathered rims on troilite and pentlandite minerals. This corresponds to the first report of nickel depletion in samples returned from asteroid Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission. Microstructurally, the sulfide minerals present crystalline rims and the olivine presents both crystalline and amorphous zones in the rim. These results suggest that sulfides might be more resistant to amorphization caused by solar wind irradiation. The space weathering features identified in the regolith particle analyzed here are likely formed via solar wind irradiation. Additionally, the differences in the space weathering features in olivine, pentlandite, and troilite suggest that silicates and sulfides respond differently to the same space weathering conditions in interplanetary space.
Graphical Abstract
Antibiogram profile prediction of selected bacterial strains by in silico determination of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes from their whole-genome sequence
Authors: Babatunde Olamide Joshua , Okiti Ayomide Faith , Bayode Michael Tosin , Babatunde Samson Oloruntola , Olaniran Ayo Mercy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The continuous increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial agents elicits a source of concern for public health. Developing a method that allows for swift evaluation of the antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacteria is a major leap in antimicrobial research and could be one of the deciding factors in providing a lasting solution to antimicrobial resistance. The gradual and continuous reduction in the cost and turnaround time of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has enabled scientists to develop WGS-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing using computational methods. The genes present on the ResFinder database were blasted against the WGS of the bacterial isolates obtained from NCBI database, and the best-matching genes were automatically generated by the system.

Results
Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected from the strains tested though not innate, thereby suggesting that they must have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, it was revealed that specific genes confer resistance to specific group of antibiotics.

Conclusion
The in silico method of antimicrobial resistance research provides for easy interpretation and reproducibility of results thereby reducing the cost and time utilized.
Audio-vestibular manifestations in Kawasaki disease (KD): a rare atypical case presentation
Authors: Rao R. Mayuri , Rajils Raveendran E. R. , Nidha K. , Namitha K. , Prashanth Prabhu P. , Nisha K. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile, usually self-limiting illness of infancy and childhood, that can show audiological manifestation of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL, 36% of patients), usually bilateral in nature.

Case presentation
We report a 12-year-old female diagnosed with KD at 6 years, showing atypical manifestation of asymmetrical SNHL since 1.5 years after the episode of febrile illness. The patient was administered Immune Globulin intravenously and aspirin, which were tapered to a low dose. The patient later reported reduced hearing sensitivity, ear pain, blocking in both ears, and tinnitus (intermittent) in the left ear. The audio-vestibular manifestations in the case using test battery approach (Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, reflexometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, and behavioral and objective vestibular tests) is discussed. The rehabilitative measures taken, and the need for sensitization of school teachers for early identification of hearing loss in children with KD is highlighted.

Conclusions
This case presentation concentrates on the rare asymmetrical SNHL and vestibular finding post-KD and emphasizes the need for health care professionals to refer patients with KD to an audiologist to trace the possible sequelae including hearing loss and vestibular disorders. The atypical manifestations of KD in hearing domain is suggestive of the need for early identification, adequate profiling of not just hearing but also balance-related manifestations, instigation of appropriate rehabilitative measures, effective counselling of parents and school teachers to facilitate better academic learning, and communication opportunities.
A study on tympanoplasty with or without canaloplasty
Authors: Gupta Srajan , Kumar Ashok , Singhal Gaurang , Kumar Pallika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic otitis media is a highly prevalent disease in developing as well as developed countries, causing hearing disabilities to the patients and causing huge problems to the patients in their daily routine lives. The patients are routinely advised for tympanoplasties in the specialized centers. Canaloplasties are routinely performed in such patients to get wide exposure while doing tympanoplasties. The present study seeks to determine the impact of canaloplasty on the outcome of the tympanoplasty.

Material and methods
The study was conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, between 2018 and 2020, in which 70 patients were included. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients underwent type I tympanoplasty with canaloplasty while group B patients underwent type I tympanoplasty alone. Patients in both the groups were followed up with pure tone audiometry and otoscopy at 6 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively. Hearing was compared in both the groups in terms of air bone gap closure. Air bone gap closure at 12 weeks was considered final. Final analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

Results
The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty with canaloplasty, and group B comprises of case l graft tympanoplasty alone. Graft uptake was better in group A with a success rate of 94.3% as compared to group B which had a success rate of 88.57%. Air bone gap closure was better in group A as compared to group B (15.76 dB ± 6.75 v/s 14.87 dB ± 5.99) at 12 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusion
Tympanoplasty with canaloplasty showed advantageous outcome over tympanoplasty alone and thus should be considered with limited exposures. However, the final decision resides with the operating surgeon.
Nutrition support for critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Italian SIAARTI survey
Authors: Tetamo Romano , Fittipaldi Ciro , Buono Salvatore , Umbrello Michele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

Critically ill, COVID-19 patients are characterized by a hypermetabolic state and a reduced food intake and are at high risk of malnutrition and lean body mass loss. An appropriate metabolic-nutritional intervention aims to reduce complications and improve the clinical outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational, nationwide online survey involving Italian Intensivists to assess the nutritional practices in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Results
A group of experts in nutrition of the Italian Society of Anaesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) developed a 24-item questionnaire; the 9000 members of the Society were invited to participate through emails and social networks. Data was collected from June 1 to August 1, 2021.
A total of 545 responses were collected: 56% in northern, 25% in central, and 20% in southern Italy. Artificial nutrition support is directly handled by intensivists in > 90 of the cases; the nutritional status is assessed as suggested by the guidelines in more than 70% of the cases, and a form of nutrition support is started within the first 48 h from ICU admission by > 90% of the respondents. Nutritional targets are reached in 4–7 days in > 75% of the cases, mainly by the enteral route. Indirect calorimetry, muscle ultrasound, and bioimpedance analysis are used by a limited part of the interviewees. Only about a half of the respondents reported the nutritional issues in the ICU discharge summary.

Conclusions
This survey among Italian Intensivists during the COVID-19 epidemic showed how the beginning, progression, and route of nutritional support adhere to international recommendations, while recommendations on the tools to set the target and monitor the efficacy of the metabolic support are less followed.
Unmasking the cloak of comorbidities in OSA-association and their severity – a prospective observational study
Authors: Kamath Sindhu , Naidu B Venkat , Acharya K Vishak , B Unnikrishnan 
Published: August 2022

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder with high prevalence in the community but highly underreported. It is also seen that a significant number of cases with OSA are associated with various comorbidities. The study objective was to estimate and assess the specific type and proportion of various comorbidities seen in association with OSA and association of severity of OSA with comorbidities. Methods: The study was a hospital-based descriptive study of 85 patients with OSA. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and Chi-square test was done to find out the association. Results: The most common comorbidity associated with OSA was obesity (60%). Around half of the patients (49.4%) had severe OSA based on Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) scores. Statistically significant association was seen between presence of comorbidities, like diabetes and hypertension, and risk of OSA based on the snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure (S.T.O.P) questionnaire. Conclusions: In our study, a significant proportion (73%) of patients with OSA had associated comorbidities at the time of initial diagnosis. This indicates a delayed diagnosis as OSA is diagnosed only after multiple and irreversible comorbidities have developed. A majority (49%) had a severe OSA on initial presentation. This combination of multiple comorbidities and severe OSA at the time on diagnosis is reflective of a huge problem that is peculiar to OSA at large at a community level.
Evaluation of shape, size, and location of mental foramen in dentulous and edentulous among Saudi population using 3D cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: AlOtaibi Mlook Ghazi , Tawfig Ahmad , Abouelkheir Hassan Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Background: Mental foramen (MF) and its accessories are the important anatomical considerations while placing implants or doing surgical procedures in and around the mandibular premolar region. This study aimed to evaluate the shape, size, and location of mental foramen in dentulous and edentulous patients among the Saudi population using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCT scans that were taken between 2015 and 2020 from Riyadh Elm University were retrieved. A total of 180 samples of CBCT (90 dentate and 90 edentulous) were analyzed. Prevalence of different horizontal positions of the mental foramen (P1 to P6) and other additive parameters like the distance from mental foramen to alveolar crest and inferior border of the mandible, along with the mental foramen angle was assessed. The difference in the mental foramen location among dentate and edentulous subjects was assessed. Gender and age variation also was assessed. All the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS.Results:The predominant horizontal position is P4 followed by P3 (59% in males and 63 % in females at P4, and 15 % each in males and females at P3, respectively). The horizontal position of the mental foramen and gender showed a statistical significance difference, especially at the P3B, P5, and P4 positions. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was seen in the mental foramen to the mandibular inferior border of the mandible (MF_MSB) and the width of mental foramen in the transverse section (MFW). Comparison of the mental foramen among dentate and edentulous subjects showed a statistically significant difference. There was a change in the mental foramen with age.Conclusions:Based on the methodology and sample of this study, it can be concluded that the edentulism only reduced the dimension of the mental foramen opening.
The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing
Authors: Graham Simon M. , Jalal Murtadhah M. K. , Lalloo David G. , Hamish R. W. Simpson A. 
Published: August 2022

Aims A number of anti-retroviral therapies (ART) have been implicated in potentially contributing to HIV-associated bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination ART on the fracture healing process. Methods A total of 16 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = eight each): Group 1 was given a combination of Tenfovir 30 mg, Lamivudine 30 mg, and Efavirenz 60 mg per day orally, whereas Group 2 was used as a control. After one week of medication preload, all rats underwent a standardized surgical procedure of mid-shaft tibial osteotomy fixed by intramedullary nail with no gap at the fracture site. Progress in fracture healing was monitored regularly for eight weeks. Further evaluations were carried out after euthanasia by micro-CT, mechanically and histologically. Two blinded orthopaedic surgeons used the Radiological Union Scoring system for the Tibia (RUST) to determine fracture healing. Results The fracture healing process was different between the two groups at week 4 after surgery; only two out of eight rats showed full healing in Group 1 (ART-treated), while seven out of eight rats had bone union in Group 2 (control) (p = 0.040). However, at week eight postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in bone healing; seven out of eight progressed to full union in both groups. Conclusion This study demonstrated that combination ART resulted in delayed fracture healing at week 4 after surgery in rats, but did not result in the development of nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):585–593.