bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Attractivity of the Head Louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (Pediculidae: Anoplura) to Isolated Compounds and Blends of Human Skin
Authors: Adjemian V , Galassi F G , Picollo M I , González-Audino P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Human head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are ectoparasites that cause pediculosis, a global scale disease mainly found in school-age children. Previous works from our laboratory found nonanal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone as the main human scalp volatile components, and individually evaluated their attraction to head lice using an olfactometer. In this work, we compared how their blends at different concentrations attract head lice, and how their blended effect compares to the effect of isolated compounds. At the concentrations evaluated, individual components did not show attraction towards head lice, but a ternary mixture of them was attractive. Moreover, a solvent extract from the human head scalp was analyzed by GC-MS, finding that tetradecanoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and squalene are the most abundant components. Attraction to these individual compounds at natural concentrations was tested by bioassays in a circular experimental arena. No attraction was observed when the components were tested individually, but when they were evaluated as a blend they attracted head lice. This work presents new information about how chemical signals are attractive at certain concentrations and proportions. This information could be used to better understand communication mechanisms in head lice and for the development of louse repellents.
Deep extragalactic visible legacy survey (DEVILS): the emergence of bulges and decline of disc growth since z = 1
Authors: Hashemizadeh Abdolhosein , Driver Simon P , Davies Luke J M , Robotham Aaron S G , Bellstedt Sabine , Foster Caroline , Holwerda Benne W , Jarvis Matt , Phillipps Steven , Siudek Malgorzata , Thorne Jessica E , Windhorst Rogier A , Wolf Christian 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a complete structural analysis of the ellipticals (E), diffuse bulges (dB), compact bulges (cB), and discs (D) within a redshift range 0 &lt; z &lt; 1, and stellar mass log10(M*/M⊙) ≥ 9.5 volume-limited sample drawn from the combined DEVILS and HST-COSMOS region. We use the profit code to profile over ∼35 000 galaxies for which visual classification into single or double component was pre-defined in Paper-I. Over this redshift range, we see a growth in the total stellar mass density (SMD) of a factor of 1.5. At all epochs we find that the dominant structure, contributing to the total SMD, is the disc, and holds a fairly constant share of $\sim 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total SMD from z = 0.8 to z = 0.2, dropping to $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z = 0.0 (representing $\sim 33{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ decline in the total disc SMD). Other classes (E, dB, and cB) show steady growth in their numbers and integrated stellar mass densities. By number, the most dramatic change across the full mass range is in the growth of diffuse bulges. In terms of total SMD, the biggest gain is an increase in massive elliptical systems, rising from 20 per cent at z = 0.8 to equal that of discs at z = 0.0 (30 per cent) representing an absolute mass growth of a factor of 2.5. Overall, we see a clear picture of the emergence and growth of all three classes of spheroids over the past 8 Gyr, and infer that in the later half of the Universe’s timeline spheroid-forming processes and pathways (secular evolution, mass-accretion, and mergers) appear to dominate mass transformation over quiescent disc growth.
Evolution of stellar orbits around merging massive black hole binary
Authors: Liu Bin , Lai Dong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the long-term orbital evolution of stars around a merging massive or supermassive black hole binary (BHB), taking into account the general relativistic effect induced by the black hole (BH) spin. When the BH spin is significant compared to and misaligned with the binary orbital angular momentum, the orbital axis ($\hat{\boldsymbol {l}}$) of the circumbinary star can undergo significant evolution during the binary orbital decay driven by gravitational radiation. Including the spin effect of the primary (more massive) BH, we find that starting from nearly coplanar orbital orientations, the orbital axes $\hat{\boldsymbol {l}}$ of circumbinary stars preferentially evolve towards the spin direction after the merger of the BHB, regardless of the initial BH spin orientation. Such alignment phenomenon, i.e. small final misalignment angle between $\hat{\boldsymbol {l}}$ and the spin axis of the remnant BH $\hat{\boldsymbol {S}}$, can be understood analytically using the principle of adiabatic invariance. For the BHBs with extremely mass ratio (m2/m1 ≲ 0.01), $\hat{\boldsymbol {l}}$ may experience more complicated evolution as adiabatic invariance breaks down, but the trend of alignment still works reasonably well when the initial binary spin–orbit angle is relatively small. Our result suggests that the correlation between the orientations of stellar orbits and the spin axis of the central BH could provide a potential signature of the merger history of the massive BH.
Scattering calculation of the newly observed pentacarbon monoxide (C5O) with He atom: de-excitation rates and radiative transfer
Authors: Khadri F , Chefai A , Hammami K 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
To determine the chemical composition of gases in molecular clouds, the oxygen-bearing systems CnO are needed as probe elements. The pentacarbon monoxide C5O was recently detected in TMC-1, and in order to derive accurate physical conditions from its rotational transitions, calculation of rate coefficients of C5O(1Σ+) induced by collision with He are performed for thermal temperature below 100 K. These calculations are based on a new 2D potential energy surface (2D-PES) obtained from the explicit correlated coupled cluster with single, double, and pertubative triple excitation (ccsd(t)-f12) ab initio approach associated with aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The C5O–He PES presents two minima below its dissociation limit with a well depths of −59.321 and −53.059 cm−1. By mean of this PES, the integral cross sections are calculated in the close-coupling quantum time independant formalism for $E\le 500 \, {\rm cm}^{-1}$ and J ≤ 20. The de-excitation rate coefficients are obtained after averaging these cross sections at low temperatures. We expect that the new collisional data will allow accurate determination of the C5O abundance in the interstellar medium, as well as the interpretation of its emission lines. These new data are crucial to understand the chemistry of carbon chain species in the interstellar gas.
The stellar mass distribution of the Milky Way’s bar: an analytical model
Authors: Sormani Mattia C , Gerhard Ortwin , Portail Matthieu , Vasiliev Eugene , Clarke Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analytic model of the stellar mass distribution of the Milky Way bar. The model is obtained by fitting a multicomponent parametric density distribution to a made-to-measure N-body model of Portail et al., constructed to match a variety of density and kinematics observational data. The analytic model reproduces in detail the 3D density distribution of the N-body bar including the X-shape. The model and the gravitational potential it generates are available as part of the software package agama for galactic dynamics, and can be readily used for orbit integrations, hydrodynamical simulations, or other applications.
Efficacy and safety of avacopan in Japanese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: A subanalysis of a randomized Phase 3 study
Authors: Harigai Masayoshi , Kaname Shinya , Tamura Naoto , Dobashi Hiroaki , Kubono Shinichi , Yoshida Takumitsu 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis subgroup analysis of the randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 ADVOCATE study evaluated the efficacy and safety of avacopan compared with tapered prednisone in Japanese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.MethodsPatients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) or granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) received either avacopan 30 mg twice daily for 52 weeks plus prednisone-matching placebo or tapered prednisone over 20 weeks plus avacopan-matching placebo for 52 weeks. The two primary efficacy endpoints were clinical remission at Week 26 and sustained remission at Week 52.ResultsCompared with the overall population (N = 330), Japanese patients (N = 21) were older and had worse renal function, and a higher proportion were female and had MPA. The proportion of Japanese patients with clinical remission at Week 26 was 9/11 (81.8%) with avacopan vs. 7/10 (70.0%) with prednisone (overall population: 72.3% vs. 70.1%) and with sustained remission at Week 52 was 8/11 (72.7%) vs. 4/10 (40.0%), respectively (overall population: 65.7% vs. 54.9%). The safety profile of avacopan was similar in Japanese patients and the overall study population.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of avacopan in Japanese patients with MPA or GPA were comparable to that observed in the overall ADVOCATE study population.
Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide plus nivolumab or placebo for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter
Authors: Lim Michael , Weller Michael , Idbaih Ahmed , Steinbach Joachim , Finocchiaro Gaetano , Raval Raju R , Ansstas George , Baehring Joachim , Taylor Jennie W , Honnorat Jerome , Petrecca Kevin , De Vos Filip , Wick Antje , Sumrall Ashley , Sahebjam Solmaz , Mellinghoff Ingo K , Kinoshita Masashi , Roberts Mustimbo , Slepetis Ruta , Warad Deepti , Leung David , Lee Michelle , Reardon David A , Omuro Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Nearly all patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma experience recurrence following standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT) + temozolomide (TMZ). The purpose of the phase III randomized CheckMate 548 study was to evaluate RT + TMZ combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (NIVO) or placebo (PBO) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter (NCT02667587).

Methods
Patients (N = 716) were randomized 1:1 to NIVO [(240 mg every 2 weeks × 8, then 480 mg every 4 weeks) + RT (60 Gy over 6 weeks) + TMZ (75 mg/m2 once daily during RT, then 150-200 mg/m2 once daily on days 1-5 of every 28-day cycle × 6)] or PBO + RT + TMZ following the same regimen. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients without baseline corticosteroids and in all randomized patients.

Results
As of December 22, 2020, median (m)PFS (blinded independent central review) was 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.9-11.8) with NIVO + RT + TMZ vs 10.3 months (95% CI, 9.7-12.5) with PBO + RT + TMZ (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3) and mOS was 28.9 months (95% CI, 24.4-31.6) vs 32.1 months (95% CI, 29.4-33.8), respectively (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3). In patients without baseline corticosteroids, mOS was 31.3 months (95% CI, 28.6-34.8) with NIVO + RT + TMZ vs 33.0 months (95% CI, 31.0-35.1) with PBO + RT + TMZ (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.4). Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse event rates were 52.4% vs 33.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
NIVO added to RT + TMZ did not improve survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated or indeterminate MGMT promoter. No new safety signals were observed.
Range-wide habitat use of the Harpy Eagle indicates four major tropical forest gaps in the Key Biodiversity Area network
Authors: Sutton Luke J , Anderson David L , Franco Miguel , McClure Christopher J W , Miranda Everton B P , Vargas F Hernán , Vargas González José de J , Puschendorf Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quantifying habitat use is important for understanding how animals meet their requirements for survival and provides information for conservation planning. Currently, assessments of range-wide habitat use that delimit species distributions are incomplete for many taxa. The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a raptor of conservation concern, widely distributed across Neotropical lowland forests, that currently faces threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we use penalized logistic regression to identify species-habitat associations and predict habitat suitability based on a new International Union for the Conservation of Nature range metric, termed Area of Habitat. From the species-habitat model, we performed a gap analysis to identify areas of high habitat suitability in regions with limited coverage in the key biodiversity area (KBA) network. Range-wide habitat use indicated that Harpy Eagles prefer areas of 70%–75% evergreen forest cover, low elevation, and high vegetation species richness. Conversely, Harpy Eagles avoid areas of &gt;10% cultivated landcover and mosaic forest, and topographically complex areas. Our species-habitat model identified a large continuous area of potential habitat across the pan-Amazonia region, and a habitat corridor from the Chocó-Darién ecoregion of Colombia running north along the Caribbean coast of Central America. Little habitat was predicted across the Atlantic Forest biome, which is now severely degraded. The current KBA network covered 18% of medium to high Harpy Eagle habitat exceeding a target biodiversity area representation of 10%, based on species range size. Four major areas of high suitability habitat lacking coverage in the KBA network were identified in north and west Colombia, western Guyana, and north-west Brazil. We recommend these multiple gaps of habitat as new KBAs for strengthening the current KBA network. Modeled area of habitat estimates as described here is a useful tool for large-scale conservation planning and can be readily applied to many taxa.
Heat shock protein gene expression varies among tissues and populations in free-living birds
Authors: Woodruff Mary J , Zimmer Cedric , Ardia Daniel R , Vitousek Maren N , Rosvall Kimberly A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change is dramatically altering our planet, yet our understanding of mechanisms of thermal tolerance is limited in wild birds. We characterized natural variation in heat shock protein (HSP) gene expression among tissues and populations of free-living Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). We focused on HSPs because they prevent cellular damage and promote recovery from heat stress. We used quantitative PCR to measure gene expression of 3 HSPs, including those in the HSP70 and HSP90 families that have robust experimental connections to heat in past literature. First, to evaluate how tissues and, by extension, the functions that they mediate, may vary in their thermal protection, we compared HSP gene expression among neural and peripheral tissues. We hypothesized that tissues with particularly vital functions would be more protected from heat as indicated by higher HSP gene expression. We found that brain tissues had consistently higher HSP gene expression compared to the pectoral muscle. Next, we compared HSP gene expression across 4 distinct populations that span over 20° of latitude (&gt;2,300 km). We hypothesized that the more southern populations would have higher HSP gene expression, suggesting greater tolerance of, or experience with, warmer local conditions. We observed largely higher HSP gene expression in more southern populations than northern populations, although this pattern was more striking at the extremes (southern Indiana vs. Alaska), and it was stronger in some brain areas than others (ventromedial telencephalon vs. hypothalamus). These results shed light on the potential mechanisms that may underlie thermal tolerance differences among populations or among tissues.
Trans Liminality and the Nazi State
Authors: Nunn Zavier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Weimar Berlin is considered a past haven of queer possibility, but for trans people its permissiveness had clear limits. A close reading of the life of trans woman Gerd R. undermines a simple idealization of Weimar Berlin and addresses continuities and breaks between the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.
How the Nazi state policed trans people is yet to be acknowledged by historians. Thus far, trans people have been subsumed into histories of queer persecution. Yet, if they had ‘Aryan’ racial status and were not considered homosexual, some trans people could avoid the worst of Nazi violence. If they had significant utilitarian value in their ability to perform skilled work, they could even be considered for rehabilitation into the Volksgemeinschaft. R.’s treatment therefore demonstrates the heterogeneous nature of Nazi policy and persecution in practice. Her contradictory and complex position within the Nazi societal matrix serves to undermine the coherence of the racial state paradigm and reasserts the vagueness and malleability of the Volksgemeinschaft model. This microhistorical analysis offers a new perspective on gender and sexuality in Weimar and Third Reich historiography, and foregrounds unexpected ways that trans liminality highlights incoherencies in Nazi state practice.
A coiled-coil protein associates Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 with KNOX/BELL transcription factors to maintain silencing of cell differentiation-promoting genes in the shoot apex
Authors: Tan Feng-Quan , Wang Wentao , Li Junjie , Lu Yue , Zhu Bo , Hu Fangfang , Li Qi , Zhao Yu , Zhou Dao-Xiu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates the deposition of H3K27me3 histone marks, is important for developmental decisions in animals and plants. In the shoot apical meristem (SAM), Three Amino acid Loop Extension family KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX /BEL-like (KNOX/BELL) transcription factors are key regulators of meristem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Here, we identified a PRC2-associated coiled-coil protein (PACP) that interacts with KNOX/BELL transcription factors in rice (Oryza sativa) shoot apex cells. A loss-of-function mutation of PACP resulted in differential gene expression similar to that observed in PRC2 gene knockdown plants, reduced H3K27me3 levels, and reduced genome-wide binding of the PRC2 core component EMF2b. The genomic binding of PACP displayed a similar distribution pattern to EMF2b, and genomic regions with high PACP- and EMF2b-binding signals were marked by high levels of H3K27me3. We show that PACP is required for the repression of cell differentiation-promoting genes targeted by a rice KNOX1 protein in the SAM. PACP is involved in the recruitment or stabilization of PRC2 to genes targeted by KNOX/BELL transcription factors to maintain H3K27me3 and gene repression in dividing cells of the shoot apex. Our results provide insight into PRC2-mediated maintenance of H3K27me3 and the mechanism by which KNOX/BELL proteins regulate SAM development.
Self-perceived disease activity was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns in young people with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, irrespective of their gender, with females reporting higher concerns
Authors: Peng Junjie , Mehta Puja , Khatun Ayesha , Wu Wing-Han , Hennelly Laura , Doolan Georgia , Henty Julian R , Howard Paul , Jury Elizabeth , Ciurtin Coziana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We report the results of a pilot young patient survey that targeted patients with JSLE and JDM, exploring well-being, resilience and general concern about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as well as self-assessment of disease activity.

Methods
The survey was completed anonymously by patients who had been approached via the automatically generated hospital database between June and December 2020. In addition to disease characteristics, geographic location, education and employment level, we explored young patients’ resilience, mood and feelings, mental well-being, self-assessed disease activity and general COVID-19 concerns using validated tools and visual analogue scales.

Results
This pilot study found that self-perceived disease activity was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 concern, irrespective of gender, employment and education status or well-being and resilience. Generalized concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly higher in females, although their self-reported DASs were comparable to male respondents.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight a gender bias in the generalized concern related to the COVID-19 pandemic, irrespective of the examined potential confounders. This suggests the need for further research around young patient self-reported outcomes outside hospital visits, especially in the context of gender differences and potential challenges of future pandemics.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON CAESIUM ABSORPTION IN PLANT ROOTS
Authors: Kihana Masashi , Yamagami Mutsumi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Radiocaesium is released into the environment by accidents in nuclear facilities. One of the major issues related with this is the assessment and reduction of internal exposure of crops grown in contaminated soil. To solve this, we developed a method of inhibiting Cs absorption by plant roots. In the presence of potassium concentrations &gt;100 μM, Cs absorption occurs mainly via voltage-insensitive cation channels (VICC). Since the transport activity of VICC was inhibited by calcium at millimolar concentrations, we hypothesised that Ca would effectively inhibit Cs absorption. We grew Arabidopsis and rice plants in the presence of Cs and Ca in the nanomolar and millimolar range and measured Cs concentrations in the plants using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the Cs concentration in both plants decreased with increasing Ca concentration in the medium. This suggests that Ca has an inhibitory effect on Cs absorption.
High-Order Language Processing Difficulties in Patients With Schizophrenia: Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Results From the Hindi Version of a Newly Developed Language Test
Authors: Srivastava Jayesh , Sinha Vishal , Ketteler Daniel , Jagtiani Amit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To detect subtle linguistic performance deficits in patients with schizophrenia, a test battery was developed in Hindi vernacular language.

Method
It was a replication study of observational, analytical, and case-control design. Total of 86 participants, namely 43 patients with schizophrenia and 43 controls, were recruited into the study. The patients were evaluated by using PANSS (positive and negative symptoms scale for schizophrenia) for recruitment into the study. Participants from the general population were evaluated with GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire-12) to be found to fit as healthy controls. Subsequently, the linguistic performance of patients (on HLFT: Hindi linguistic function test) was compared with that of controls. The HLFT battery was designed, containing 3 blocks by using antonyms, synonyms, homonyms, hyperonyms, hyponyms, distractors, and adages.

Result
Patients scored significantly less than that of controls in identifying antonyms, distractors, and hyponyms while in identifying homonyms they scored significantly more than that of controls. At block I (antonyms) score of 15.5; at homonym score of 5.5; at hyponym (as in hyponym plus distractor combination) score of 2.5, the sensitivity and specificity for using them as a cutoff to screen for schizophrenia are 60.5% and 67.4%; 86% and 41.9%; 81.4% and 46.5%, respectively.

Conclusion
Ambiguity processing of taxonomic representation such as antonymia, homonymia, hypo-/hyperonymia, synonymia, and also understanding of adages might be significantly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. The HLFT battery could be used as a quick and sensitive instrument to detect and quantify the linguistic difficulties of patients with schizophrenia.