bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocation of gasdermin D induced mitochondrial injury and mitophagy mediated quality control in lipopolysaccharide related cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: Yu Ziqing , Xiao Zilong , Guan Lichun , Bao Pei , Yu Yong , Liang Yixiu , Li Minghui , Huang Zhenzhen , Chen Xueying , Chen Ruizhen , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundsInflammation underlies the mechanism of different kinds of heart disease. Cytoplasmic membrane localized N‐terminal fragment of gasdermin‐D (GSDMD‐N) could induce inflammatory injury to cardiomyocyte. However, effects and dynamic changes of GSDMD during the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) related inflammatory stress induced cardiomyocyte injury are barely elucidated to date. In this study, LPS related cardiomyocyte injury was investigated based on potential interaction of GSDMD‐N induced mitochondrial injury and mitophagy mediated mitochondria quality control.MethodsHL‐1 cardiomyocytes were treated with LPS and Nigericin to induce inflammatory stress. The dual‐fluorescence‐labelled GSDMD expressed HL‐1 cardiomyocytes were constructed to study the translocation of GSDMD. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by JC‐1 staining. Mitophagy and autophagic flux were recorded by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent image.ResultsGSDMD‐N showed a time‐dependent pattern of translocation from mitochondria to cytoplasmic membrane under LPS and Nigericin induced inflammatory stress in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes. GSDMD‐N preferred to localize to mitochondria to permeablize its membrane and dissipate the MMP. This effect couldn't be reversed by cyclosporine‐A (mPTP inhibitor), indicating GSDMD‐N pores as alternative mechanism underlying MMP regulation, in addition to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Moreover, the combination between GSDMD‐N and autophagy related Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 Beta (LC3B) was verified by co‐immunoprecipitation. Besides, mitophagy alleviating GSDMD‐N induced mitochondrial injury was proved by pre‐treatment of autophagy antagonist or agonist in GSDMD‐knock out or GSDMD‐overexpression cells. A time‐dependent pattern of GSDMD translocation and mitochondrial GSDMD targeted mitophagy were verified.ConclusionHerein, our study confirmed a crosstalk between GSDMD‐N induced mitochondrial injury and mitophagy mediated mitochondria quality control during LPS related inflammation induced cardiomyocyte injury, which potentially facilitating the development of therapeutic target to myocardial inflammatory disease. Our findings support pharmaceutical intervention on enhancing autophagy or inhibiting GSDMD as potential target for inflammatory heart disease treatment.
IL‐34 deficiency impairs FOXP3+ Treg function in a model of autoimmune colitis and decreases immune tolerance homeostasis
Authors: Freuchet Antoine , Salama Apolline , Bézie Séverine , Tesson Laurent , Rémy Séverine , Humeau Romain , Règue Hadrien , Sérazin Céline , Flippe Léa , Peterson Pärt , Vimond Nadège , Usal Claire , Ménoret Séverine , Heslan Jean‐Marie , Duteille Franck , Blanchard Frédéric , Giral Magali , Colonna Marco , Anegon Ignacio , Guillonneau Carole 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundImmune homeostasis requires fully functional Tregs with a stable phenotype to control autoimmunity. Although IL‐34 is a cytokine first described as mainly involved in monocyte cell survival and differentiation, we recently described its expression by CD8+ Tregs in a rat model of transplantation tolerance and by activated FOXP3+ CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs in human healthy individuals. However, its role in autoimmunity and potential in human diseases remains to be determined.MethodsWe generated Il34−/− rats and using both Il34−/− rats and mice, we investigated their phenotype under inflammatory conditions. Using Il34−/− rats, we further analyzed the impact of the absence of expression of IL‐34 for CD4+ Tregs suppressive function. We investigated the potential of IL‐34 in human disease to prevent xenogeneic GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune humanized immunodeficient NSG mice. Finally, taking advantage of a biocollection, we investigated the correlation between presence of IL‐34 in the serum and kidney transplant rejection.ResultsHere we report that the absence of expression of IL‐34 in Il34−/− rats and mice leads to an unstable immune phenotype, with production of multiple auto‐antibodies, exacerbated under inflammatory conditions with increased susceptibility to DSS‐ and TNBS‐colitis in Il34−/− animals. Moreover, we revealed the striking inability of Il34−/− CD4+ Tregs to protect Il2rg−/− rats from a wasting disease induced by transfer of pathogenic cells, in contrast to Il34+/+ CD4+ Tregs. We also showed that IL‐34 treatment delayed EAE in mice as well as GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune humanized immunodeficient NSG mice. Finally, we show that presence of IL‐34 in the serum is associated with a longer rejection‐free period in kidney transplanted patients.ConclusionAltogether, our data emphasize on the crucial necessity of IL‐34 for immune homeostasis and for CD4+ Tregs suppressive function. Our data also shows the therapeutic potential of IL‐34 in human transplantation and auto‐immunity.Highlights
Absence of expression of IL‐34 in Il34−/− rats and mice leads to an unstable immune phenotype, with a production of multiple auto‐antibodies and exacerbated immune pathology under inflammatory conditions.
Il34−/− CD4+ Tregs are unable to protect Il2rg−/− rats from colitis induced by transfer of pathogenic cells.
IL‐34 treatment delayed EAE in mice, as well as acute GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune‐humanized immunodeficient NSG mice.
IT teachers' beliefs about alternative curriculum designs: Results from a mixed methods study
Authors: Drenoyianni Helen , Bekos Nikos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research project investigating Greek IT teachers' curriculum ideologies. Following the theoretical framework proposed by Michael Schiro, two different measurement tools were designed and implemented for the identification of teachers' philosophical beliefs about the curriculum. In the qualitative phase of the study, 33 semi‐structured interviews were conducted, in which IT teachers discussed the curriculum designs underlying four different lesson plans, all regarded with the common themes of ‘Robots’ and ‘Robotics’. Based on qualitative data analysis, a survey was administered, using a modified version of Schiro's original ‘Curriculum Ideologies Inventory’, in which 157 IT teachers participated. The findings of the study illustrated a direct preference towards the well‐known, widely recognized and highly promoted ‘Social efficiency’ ideology, embellished with remodelled elements of a ‘Learner‐centred’ ideology. Both ‘Social Reconstruction’ and ‘Scholar Academic’ ideologies were perceived as the edges, or the extremes of a continuum, with the first being conceived as too radical and risky, and the second as too traditional and conservative. On the contrary, the study's results also suggested that the process of measuring teachers' curriculum ideologies remains a complex and challenging issue and that teachers' stated curriculum preferences may reflect attributes directly concerned with their professional identity and their experiences in education.
Identification of critical hemodilution by artificial intelligence in bone marrow assessed for minimal residual disease analysis in acute myeloid leukemia: The Cinderella method
Authors: Hoffmann Joerg , Thrun Michael C. , Röhnert Maximilian A. , von Bonin Malte , Oelschlägel Uta , Neubauer Andreas , Ultsch Alfred , Brendel Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMinimal residual disease (MRD) detection is a strong predictor for survival and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MRD can be either determined by molecular assessment strategies or via multiparameter flow cytometry. The degree of bone marrow (BM) dilution with peripheral blood (PB) increases with aspiration volume causing consecutive underestimation of the residual AML blast amount. In order to prevent false‐negative MRD results, we developed Cinderella, a simple automated method for one‐tube simultaneous measurement of hemodilution in BM samples and MRD level. The explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Cinderella was trained and validated with the digital raw data of a flow cytometric “8‐color” AML‐MRD antibody panel in 126 BM and 23 PB samples from 35 patients. Cinderella predicted PB dilution with high accordance compared to the results of the Holdrinet formula (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.94, R2 = 0.89, p < 0.001). Unlike conventional neuronal networks Cinderella calculated the distributions of 12 different cell populations that were assigned to true hematopoietic counterparts as a human in the loop (HIL) approach. Besides characteristic BM cells such as myelocytes and myeloid progenitor cells the XAI identified discriminating populations, which were not specific for BM or PB (e.g., T cell/NK cell subpopulations and CD45 negative cells) and considered their frequency differences. Thus, Cinderella represents a HIL‐XAI algorithm capable to calculate the degree of hemodilution in BM samples with an AML MRD immunophenotype panel. It is explicable, transparent, and paves a simple way to prevent false negative MRD reports.
Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle video object detection based on spatial‐temporal correlation
Authors: Zhou Pei , Liu GuanJun , Wang Jiacun , Weng QianLi , Zhang KaiWen , Zhou ZiYuan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIntelligent unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are drawing more and more attention from industry to academia. UAV navigation plays an important role in the cooperative scenario where multiple UAVs are deployed, while image data that capture the information of the UAV area are often used as input for UAV navigation. Deep learning is a common and powerful technique for UAV image processing, but a complex model generated by deep learning technique is hardly suitable for the limited computing capacity of edge computing devices such as UAVs. Therefore, this paper designs an efficient deep learning model on UAVs to fit the restriction of low computational powers and low power consumption. Traditional UAV object detection methods mostly use static images as the basis for object recognition, or collect images for offline detection. Our method combines the existing fast single‐frame detection methods with the spatial‐temporal relationship of video sequences, to build an efficient end‐to‐end model. In addition, the convolutional LSTM module is used to propagate the temporal context of the video frame sequences. Based on the temporal context, we propose a module for calculating spatial correlation. At the same time, we establish our experimental dataset in our real application and conduct the experiment, which shows that the proposed method reduces the size of models and meanwhile maintains the detection rate. Compared with the existing static images approaches, our method is faster and more accurate. Inference speeds of nearly 20fps can be achieved while performing real‐time tasks.
Prey size is more representative than prey taxa when measuring dietary overlap in sympatric forest bats
Authors: Divoll Timothy J. , Brown Veronica A. , McCracken Gary F. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn temperate forests, insectivorous bats need to use variable hunting strategies as prey availability fluctuates during the growing season. At sites with variable amounts of forested habitat, sympatric bat species may exhibit high dietary overlap, but mechanisms of coexistence are unknown. We analyzed the diets of sympatric Myotis septentrionalis and Myotis sodalis in two different landscapes in central Indiana, USA: a riparian agricultural site and a managed forest site, aiming to assess interspecific dietary overlap. We collected fecal samples from 166 Myotis over four maternity seasons and used DNA metabarcoding to assess niche overlap by operational taxonomic units (OTUs, n = 708) and prey‐size taxa (n = 79). Analyzing diets by prey‐size classes, as opposed to only species, provided an alternative interpretation of dietary richness and overlap that may more accurately represent predator perceptions of prey. With overall prey sizes ranging from 2–36 mm, M. septentrionalis (n = 88) consumed larger prey (10.0 ± 5.5 mm, μ ± σ) than M. sodalis (n = 78; 8.9 ± 5.0 mm). Myotis sodalis had a more diverse diet (547 OTUs) compared to M. septentrionalis (453 OTUs) despite the smaller sample size. Of the 708 OTUs detected, 41% (292) were common across bat species. We found greater dietary overlap between species within each site than within either species across sites, suggesting both species mostly consume whatever insects are available on the landscape. Flexible hunting strategies may allow these species to coexist by consuming different sizes of prey at different rates in the tradeoff between travel cost and profitability. Prey size is an important measure for dietary overlap and resource partitioning in bats that few studies have yet considered, with implications for linking predators, prey, and habitats.
IRF8 regulates efficacy of therapeutic anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Grzelak Ludivine , Roesch Ferdinand , Vaysse Amaury , Biton Anne , Legendre Rachel , Porrot Françoise , Commère Pierre‐Henri , Planchais Cyril , Mouquet Hugo , Vignuzzi Marco , Bruel Timothée , Schwartz Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab, Ofatumumab, and Obinutuzumab are widely used to treat lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. They act by depleting B cells, mainly through Fc‐dependent effectors functions. Some patients develop resistance to treatment but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome‐wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify genes regulating the efficacy of anti‐CD20 antibodies. We used as a model the killing of RAJI B cells by Rituximab through complement‐dependent‐cytotoxicity (CDC). As expected, the screen identified MS4A1, encoding CD20, the target of Rituximab. Among other identified genes, the role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) was validated in two B‐cell lines. IRF8 KO also decreased the efficacy of antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (ADCC and ADCP) induced by anti‐CD20 antibodies. We further show that IRF8 is necessary for efficient CD20 transcription. Levels of IRF8 and CD20 RNA or proteins correlated in normal B cells and in hundreds of malignant B cells. Therefore, IRF8 regulates CD20 expression and controls the depleting capacity of anti‐CD20 antibodies. Our results bring novel insights into the pathways underlying resistance to CD20‐targeting immunotherapies.
Parametric study for N2O conversion and reduction using cobalt‐oxide‐based catalysts
Authors: Rocha‐Meneses Lisandra , Inayat Abrar , Ayoub Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Naqvi Salman R. , Farrukh Sarah , Mustafa Ahmad , Abdullah Ahmad Z. , Bhat Aamir H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide is a highly reactive gas with several well‐known environmental impacts. Its presence in the atmosphere can decrease the stratospheric ozone levels, cause an increase in the greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to acid‐rain formation. Therefore, in this article, the potential and performance of different types of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) catalysts in N2O decomposition and conversion was studied. For this, the catalytic activity of these materials was tested in a differential fixed‐bed reactor, operated under steady state conditions. The results obtained in this study show reduced CoO achieved 100% N2O conversion at 250°C; that CoO has a great performance (>95%) in the absence of oxygen and humidity, regardless of the W/F; even at low space velocities (0.1 g−s/ml) and in the absence of humidity the N2O conversion efficiency is still very high (100%); 10%La/CoO has a higher catalytic activity than 10% Ba/CoO, 10% Na/CoO, and 10% W/CoO. The highest catalytic activity (>90%) was reported in samples with 50%La/CoO, even in the presence of 5% H2O and 15% O2.
Spillover effects and other determinants of medical device uptake in the presence of a medical guideline: An analysis of drug‐eluting stents in Germany and Italy
Authors: Möllenkamp Meilin , Pongiglione Benedetta , Rabbe Stefan , Torbica Aleksandra , Schreyögg Jonas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the role of spillover effects among hospitals in the diffusion of drug‐eluting stents (DES) in Germany and Italy during a period in which the relevant medical guideline clearly recommended their use over bare‐metal stents. We used administrative data of hospitalized patients treated with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction from 2012 to 2016 to estimate spatial panel models allowing for global spillover effects. We used an inverse‐distance weights matrix to capture the geographical proximity between neighboring hospitals and assigned a lower weight to more distant neighbors. For both countries, we found significant positive spatial autocorrelation in most years based on the global Moran's I test, and a significant, positive spatial lag parameter across model specifications, indicating positive spillover effects among neighboring hospitals. We found that private for‐profit hospital ownership and hospital competition in Germany and the number of inpatient cases with circulatory system diseases in Italy were other significant determinants of DES adoption. Our results underline the importance of spillover effects among peers for the diffusion of medical devices even in the presence of a positive guideline recommendation. Policymakers might therefore consider promoting various forms of exchange and collaboration among medical staff and hospitals to ensure the appropriate use of medical technologies.
Study of anxiety and job burnout, and awareness among young anesthetists during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Xi , Zuo Yunxia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo describe the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on young doctors and their job burnout in the Department of Anesthesiology during the initial days of the pandemic and examine their awareness and familiarity with this pneumonia. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in West China Hospital in February 2020. A self‐designed questionnaire was sent to all young doctors working in the department of anesthesiology. Impact of Event Scale‐Revised and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey were used to evaluate the psychological impact and degree of job burnout. Another questionnaire was conducted to explore the awareness and familiarity of COVID‐19. All participants were divided into five groups according to the time of clinical practice: Postgraduate year (PGY) 0.5 (less than 0.5 year), 0.6–1 (0.6–1 year), 1–2 (1–2 years), 2–3 (2–3 years), 3 (more than 3 years) groups. The results were collected and analyzed subsequently. A total of 188 questionnaires were collected. There were significant differences in distress level between PGY 0.5 and PGY 0.6–1 (17.60 ± 12.53 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; p = 0.029), and PGY 3 and PGY 0.6–1 (19.92 ± 11.88 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; p = 0.031). As for job burnout, there were no differences among the five subgroups. Most participants (86.70%) were kept in good working condition, and 25 participants showed a mild level of job burnout. Although all of the respondents had high awareness of the basic elements of COVID‐19, they had little knowledge about the details, such as lab tests, release criteria, and recommended therapy, and this result had no significant difference among the five groups. COVID‐19 had caused a mild level of distress and work burnout in young anesthetists. Most of the participants were not clear about the diagnostic, release criteria, and therapeutic method, which will become key teaching points in the future.
Zebrafish brain and skull imaging based on polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yang Di , Yuan Zhuoqun , Hu Muyun , Liang Yanmei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZebrafish brain imaging is very important for the study of brain disease and regeneration. We scanned the adult zebrafish brain before and after skull removal and monitored the recovery process of a head wound by polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) in this paper. We analyzed the structure and polarization characteristics of the brain and skull in PS‐OCT images, and found their internal microstructure can be clearly identified with the polarization information. Further, we estimated the pigment distribution of the skull area and found that the density of pigment in skull is a critical factor of affecting zebrafish brain in vivo polarization imaging. Our results demonstrated that more features of brain can be displayed by introducing the polarization information, and proved high‐resolution PS‐OCT will play a great potential role in studying the zebrafish brain and skull.
Remote photoplethysmography with consumer smartphone reveals temporal differences between glabrous and nonglabrous skin: Pilot in vivo study
Authors: Burton Timothy , Saiko Gennadi , Cao Meiyun , Douplik Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive optical technology, with applications including vital sign extraction and patient monitoring. The PPG acquisition skin type may be of importance. Skin is either nonglabrous (~90%) or glabrous (~10%). Clinical PPG collection is typically from glabrous (fingerpad), while proliferating wearables collecting PPG, which may perform critical functions like arrythmia detection, often acquire from atypical sites. Glabrous skin has significant differences from nonglabrous, including microcirculation, yet comparisons between their PPG signals have not been well reported. Using a smartphone‐based remote/contactless PPG, a pilot dataset was collected from the hands (palmar/dorsal) of five healthy volunteers. The data shows statistically significant lead time (52 ± 36 ms) of glabrous over nonglabrous. Further, a trend of glabrous amplitude increase over nonglabrous (31%) was found. Although our study has a small number of participants, these results further the characterization of PPG skin differences, and can be used to inform development of PPG‐based devices.
Strontium‐loaded hydrogel scaffolds to promote gingival fibroblast function
Authors: Alsharif Shahad Bakheet , Wali Rofida , Vanyo Stephen T. , Andreana Sebastiano , Chen Kaiwen , Sheth Bhoomika , Swihart Mark T. , Dziak Rosemary , Visser Michelle B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDental implant clinical success is dependent on effective peri‐implant tissue attachment to the trans‐mucosal portion following placement. Modification of transmucosal implant surfaces can improve cellular adhesion and function leading to formation of an effective soft‐tissue seal during healing, of which gingival fibroblasts are prominent cells to migrate to repair wounds and crucial for the development of a collagen rich connective tissue. Biocompatible loaded scaffold materials have been developed to allow local release of molecules with effective biological activity. Our previous studies indicate that strontium can promote gingival fibroblast metabolism, decrease apoptosis and support adhesion to titanium healing abutments. In this study, we developed a strontium‐loaded alginate hydrogel scaffold which can be easily personalized to fit over any size and shape of implant transmucosal collar or healing abutment. Results indicate that biologically active strontium ions are effectively released from loaded alginate hydrogel material to promote fibroblast viability and migration to repair in vitro wounds similar to that of strontium citrate solution. Overall, this novel strontium‐loaded alginate scaffold device displays good biocompatibility and functionality, demonstrating high potential as a system to provide local delivery of strontium to improve peri‐implant mucosal healing following implant placement and clinical success.