bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Presentation of a Tubal Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Begum Shahana , Ara Sarwat , Das Suchanda , Sultan Md Tipu 
Published: October 2022

Ectopic means "out of place." In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants and develops in the uterus. In most ectopic pregnancies, the egg settles in the fallopian tubes. This is why ectopic pregnancies are commonly called "tubal pregnancies." None of these areas has as much space or nurturing tissue as a uterus for a pregnancy to develop. As the fetus grows, it will eventually burst the organ that contains it This can cause severe bleeding and endanger the mother's life. A classical ectopic pregnancy does not develop into a live birth. The tube is capable for only limited distention and is unable to provide secure placentation also due to unsatisfactory environment, 80% of these embryo are malformed and more than 99% of these do not progress beyond 6 weeks of pregnancy. A 25 years lady para 1+1 (Ectopic pregnancy) present as an emergency patient with history of pregnancy of 4 months with shock immediate resuscitation, intubation and laparotomy was done for high intuition towards ectopic pregnancy. It was great surprised that there was a near about 16 weeks size of foetus coming out from the ruptured tube and the tube was hugely distented about 10 cm diameter. After laparotomy the patient was recovered well. The case is reported here as a very rare entity and near miss mortality.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (1) : 59-62
Management of Right Lower Posterior Edentulous Area With Bicon Implant: A Case Report
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Kamal , Afrose Rumana 
Published: October 2022

Posterior edentulous area and implant supported restorations are two important aspects in dentistry. Posterior edentulous area can't be restored effectively with partial denture or conventional bridge work The replacement of missing teeth with implant borne restorations in such conditions is gaining increasing popularity day by day. This case report describes the successful management of a posterior edentulous area using Bicon implant. The result was good, which further validate the use of this technique for suitable patient management.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (1) : 63-65
Gross Morphological and Histological Study On Normal Human Placenta
Authors: Naheen Towhida , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Begum Moquaddes Akhter , Barua Rama , Iqbal Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Placenta is a vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal foetal development. It is sometimes described as the mirror of the perinatal period. Still one of the common methods of investigation of the factors endangering the foetus and newborn during the perinatal period is the examination of placenta. The present study was conducted to make a gross morphological and histological evaluation of placenta in bangladeshi population. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of anatomy, chittagong medical college hospital over a period of 1 year from july 2011 to june 2012. The placentae from mature children delivered through caesarean section between 37 to 40th weeks of gestation with no complications having a birth weight of more than 2.5 kg were the study population. A total of 100 such placentae were consecutively selected from the study population. The morphological study of placenta included placental volume, weight, number of cotyledons, shape, diameter, thickness, mode of insertion of umbilical cord and histological study was volume (%) of villous area of the placenta. The mean age of the mothers whose placentae were studied was 25.3 3.8 years (range: 18 36). The mean birth weight of the neonates was 3.0 0.3 kg. Majority (96%) of the placenta was rounded in shape. The mean weight and volume of the placenta was 538.538.7 g and 45141.03 ml respectively, while the mean diameter was 16.8 + 0.99 cm. The mean thickness was 17.53 3.66 mm.Over 70% of the cords were inserted at the peripheral part of the placenta. The mean number of cotyledons was 18 and the volume of villous area was 51.1%. Majority of the placentae in bangladeshi population is round with the eccentric insertion of umbilical cord. The other features like weight, diameter and thickness, the number of cotyledons and volume of villous area are almost comparable with those of a typical one.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 3 - 8
Infectious and Non Communicable Diseases : Double Burden to Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Pradip Kumar , Mahmud Asif Mujtaba , Islam Khaleda , Mazid AHM Tharakul , Dutta Sudipa 
Published: October 2022

Infectious diseases pose a significant burden to bangladesh. Water borne diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory tract infections are most prevalent due to poor quality of life as well as due to poor educational status. Tuberculosis and malaria are common and leishmaniasis is endemic in some part of the country. Besides owing to epidemic shift for rapid urbanization non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease and stroke are also responsible for significant burden to bangladesh. Some of the infectious diseases has emerged and reemerged in the recent past. The zoonotic diseases like avian influenza a/h5n1, nipah virus, japanese encephalitis virus, rabies and other communicable diseases like salmonella, hepatitis e virus, rotavirus sometimes cause outbreak in certain parts. Most of these diseases are preventable. This review will discuss the super imposed burden of non-communicable disease over emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of public health importance in bangladesh and the underlying causes of less progress to improve detection and control.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 9 - 16
Effects of Chenopodium Album Linn. Plant Extracts on the Histology of Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ata Maliha , Jahangir Selim Md , Islam Mahbubul , Rahman Zillur , Islam Md Saiful , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Biswas Rajat 
Published: October 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of extract of chenopodium album linn plant on the histology of the liver of albino rats. Thirty (30) adult albino rats were divided into five (5) groups. Group 1 was the control group that received distilled water for 7 days, group 2 was the vehicle control group that received single dose of 2 ml of propylene glycol and group 3 received single dose of paracetamol (2gm/kg) group 4 recieved only extract of chenopodium album linn plant for 7 days and group 5 was pre-treated with 500 mg/kg of the ethanolic plant extract of chenopodium album for 7 days and before inducing the liver damage on the 7th day with 2gm/kg of paracetamol. On the 9th day rats were sacrificed and the liver was fixed immediately in formalin. The liver tissues was processed and stained in haematoxylin and eosin (h&e). The histological observations showed that the plant extract of chenopodium album linn prevent liver damage.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 17 - 22
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum 3-Lactamases (Esbl) Producers Among Gram-Negative Bacilli In Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong
Authors: Chowdhuy Abu Hena Md Saiful Karim , Husain Md Anwar , Akter Nasima , Ahmed Shakeel , Biswas Sanjoy Kanti , Naheen Towhida 
Published: October 2022

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms have rendered the management of infectious diseases difficult. Extended-Spectrum 3-Lactamases (ESBLs) producing organisms are increasing in number and causing more severe infections because of their continuous mutation and multidrug resistance property which make its treatment difficult. The present study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of the ESBLs producing bacteria in patients attending Chittagong Medical College Hospital, so as to provide a guideline in treating them & prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. All the isolates were identified by standard procedure & isolated gram-negative bacteria initially screened by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ESBLs breakpoints. Then confirmed by Phenotypic Confirmatory Test (PCT). In the present study, 176(74.89%) bacterial strains were isolated from 235 samples of wound swab, pus and urine. Among the isolates, 150(85.23%) were gram-negative and 26(14.77%) were gram-positive bacteria. Isolated gram-negative bacteria were screened for suspected ESBLs producers where 142(94.67%) were found suspected ESBLs producers, of which 89(62.68%) confirmed as
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 23 - 28
Post Operative Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Study of 150 Cases
Authors: Sarker Mohammad Abu Kawsar , Amin Md Abdullah Al , Nuruzzaman AKM , Bhattacharjee Avisak 
Published: October 2022

Thromboembolism is a wide spectrum entity of which post operative Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a part. At present there is inadequate information available regarding the incidence of DVT in Bangladesh. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to see the incidence of post­operative DVT at BIRDEM Hospital from March to December 2008. It was performed on 150 patients who had any operation of more than one hour of duration. Among 150 patients, 102 were male and 48 were female. The incidence of DVT in male was 36.3% and in female it was 27.5%. One-fifth of the DVT patients were smokers. Thirty two patients underwent amputation of which 14 (43.7%) developed DVT. Among the DVT cases, only 3 were clinical DVT and the rest were sub-clinical. In half of the Laparotomy patients (10/20) DVT developed. About one-fourth (34/8) of the hernioplasty patients and half of the APR patients (4/8) developed DVT. The occurrence of the condition in diabetes mellitus (36.7%) and cancer (33.3%) was high. Forty percent of the obese patients developed the condition. DVT in Bangladesh is not that much rare event. Further in-depth studies are necessary to extract other relevant information in this regard.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 29 - 33
Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Combination With Conventional Therapy for Treatment of Pph
Authors: Hamid Ayinur Nahar , Begum Rokeya 
Published: October 2022

Haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for about 35% of all maternal deaths. About 14 million women around the world suffer from Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) every year. Of them, about 2% die with an average interval of 2-4 hrs from onset of bleeding. Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is the most effective of the available anti-fibrinolytics, which has been shown to be very useful in reducing blood loss and incidence of blood transfusion in different surgeries. The study was done to see the efficacy of injectable tranexamic acid in addition to conventional treatment in control of atonic PPH. In this study, women having atonic PPH following vaginal delivery were grouped into two, A & B. Group A received 2 amp inj.TXA (Tranexamic acid) i.v immediately after diagnosis of PPH and Group B received 10ml distilled water i.v. Both groups received all other necessary measures for control of PPH and outcomes were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet. All data were analyzed by computer based software Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 15.The results showed that tranexamic acid significantly reduced the volume of blood loss in atonic PPH, 1141.23±489.91 ml in study group versus 1365.25±428.22 ml in control group.PPH control within 2 hr with medical therapies occurred more in TXA group (88.09%) than in control group (57.14%). Invasive procedures were less required in TXA group than in control group ,condom catheter in 4 pt. (9.52%) compared to 11(26.19%) in control group. Hysterectomy was done in 1 case of TXA group compared to 7 cases of control group. TXA also significantly reduced the necessity of blood transfusion in PPH, 26.19% in TXA group compared to 54.76% in control group. So one gm i.v. tranexamic acid given along with other conventional measures at the diagnosis of atonic PPH significantly reduces the amount of blood loss, requirement of blood transfusion, necessity of invasive procedures.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 34 - 39
Laparoscopic Exploration of the Common Bile Duct and T-Tube Drainage in China
Authors: Barua Subrata , Kaiser ABM , Chowdhury Sumon Rahman , Bhuyian Md Nur Hossain , Chao Gao , Cheng Peng , Jun Niu 
Published: October 2022

Biliary stones that are seen in the Asian population are very different from those seen in the west. It is frequent to see multiple, large, and impacted stones and a hugely dilated Common Bile Duct (CBD). Many of these patients have been managed by open cholecystectomy, even after the advent of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) because these large stones pose significant challenges for extraction by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. This study represents an experience of managing intra and extra hepatic bile ducts using a laparoscopic approach. A retrospective data analysis was done during the period of November 2010-April 2015 and correspondingly 85 patients with documented intra and extra hepatic biliary stones were treated laparoscopically at Qilu Hospital under Shandong University, School of Medicine. There were 23 men and 62 women patients with age ranging from 23 to 76 years. The mean diameter of the CBD was 12mm. The number of stones extracted varied from 1 to 35 and the size of the extracted stones from 0.3X0.3X0.3 to 4X3.5X3.5 mm. The average duration of surgery was 170 min. There were 7 conversions to open procedures and 24 patients (29%) had nonfatal postoperative complications. Four patients had retained stones (4.7%). Though patients presented with multiple and impacted CBD stones, laparoscopy presents a unique approach for a minimally invasive procedure with its benefits in the form of laparoscopic intra and extra hepatic bile ducts exploration.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 53 - 61
The Prevalence of Pulp Stones in Bangladeshi Adults
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Kamal , Moula Sayed Morshed 
Published: October 2022

Pulp Stones (PS) are discrete calcified masses found in the dental pulp. The purposes of this study were to calculate the prevalence of pulp stones in Bangladeshi adult’s undergone endodontic treatment and to report any observed associations between occurrence of pulp stones and sex, tooth type, dental arch, side and dental status. From 131 Bangladeshi adult patients, comprising 58 males and 73 females aged between 12-60 years, 148 teeth were examined under 2x magnifications on periapical radiographs pre-operatively, carefully removed roof of the pulp chamber, examined with magnified intraoral camera, and tried for orifices patency with narrow instrument. Directly observed stones, or any obstruction to negotiation to canal orifice, color change & any tactile sense of having stone like material in the pulp chamber treated as positive sign. Loose stones are then removed with curve probe like instruments; tight stones are loosen using narrow long fissure bur peripheral to stones. Pulp stones thus collected were scored as found or not found, and associations with sex, tooth type, dental arch, side and dental status noted. Pulp stones were found in 31 (23.66 percent) of the subjects and 31 (20.95 per cent) of the teeth treated. Occurrences were rare in premolars and cuspid (Almost zero percent) but significantly higher in molars (24.80 percent). If third molars were left out of analysis, pulp stones were more common in first molars than in second molars and in maxillary first molars than in mandibular first molars. Unrestored and intact molars displayed higher prevalence of pulp stones than carious and or restored molars. This study result will provide the readers significant clues about the pulp stones during canal negotiation. Pulp stones may also provide useful forensic information when examining dental records to identify deceased persons.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 62 - 66
Diagnosis and Management of Choledochal Cyst in Adult : An Experience in a Tertiary Level Hospital in China
Authors: Kaiser ABM , Barua Subrata , Biswas Siddartha , Nahar Nur , Mohammad Noor , Ara Shamim , Wei Niu , Liang Benjia , Niu Jun 
Published: October 2022

The cystic dilatation of the biliary tract is a rare disease and uncertain origin. It is recognized more frequently in children; however, its incidence comes increasing in adults, representing 20% of the cases. The aims of this study to demonstrate our experience with choledochal cyst and to evaluate morbimortality rates, discuss the aetiopathogenesis, presentation, management, and outcome with review of the literature. A retrospective study and review of the records of all the patients above 15 years, who underwent therapeutic intervention of choledochal cyst in Qillu Hospital of Jinan, China, was carried out. Ten cases of choledochal cyst were found, 8 female, with mean age 31 years. These included 8 cases of Todani type I and one case each of type II and type III. The predominant symptoms were abdominal pain and jaundice. Abdominal mass and past history of cholangitis and pancreatitis were seen in 2 patients. Investigations included ultrasound in 8 patients, CT in 7, ERCP in 3, and MRCP in 5. Surgical intervention included complete excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy and cholecystectomy (Type I) excision of the diverticulum (Type II) and ERCP sphincterotomy (Type III). Malignancy was not seen in any patients. The long-term postoperative complications included cholangitis in two patients. Biliary tract cystic dilatation is a rare disease. However, its incidence is increasing in the adult population; so, it must be thought as differential diagnosis when facing obstructive jaundice.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 67 - 72
Subcutaneous Emphysema Associated With Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Alam Didarul , Islam Shanjana , Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Chowdhury Shahed Ahmad , Roy Tarun Kumar 
Published: October 2022

A 4 year 4 months girl presented with marked respiratory distress, puffiness of the face and neck. She was dyspneic with a respiratory rate 53 breaths/min, subcutaneous swelling and crepitus was felt over the neck, shoulder and chest. Chest examination revealed bilateral polyphonic rhonchi and the chest radiograph showed areas of lucency over the neck and both the anterior and posterior chest walls. A diagnosis of moderate exacerbation of asthma complicated with subcutaneous emphysema was made and the patient was managed conservatively with nebulized salbutamol, steroids, oxygen and antibiotic. She made a remarkable improvement and has remained in a stable clinical condition.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 73 - 76
Bilateral Optic Neuritis: A Rare Manifestation Of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hassanuzzaman Md , Azam Akramul 
Published: October 2022

Bilateral Optic Neuritis (ON) is an alarming feature for the patient and not commonly faced by clinicians. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease that commonly underdiagnosed due to features sharing that of stroke. But progressive clinical course, behavioral change, features of bilateral Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesion, convulsion, bilateral optic neuritis (Sometimes unilateral) can help clinician to think quickly that ADEM could be a possibility. Among its clinical presentation optic neuritis is least common (6%) whereas behavioral change is universal (100%). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is suspected in this adult male patient because of progressive painful visual impairment, urinary retention, limb weakness which were associated with behavioral change. After clinical evaluation and relevant investigations he was diagnosed as a case of ADEM, & treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. During follow up (After 9 weeks) his symptoms and signs improved about 80% whereas MRI lesions regressed about 50%.
JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 77 - 78
Use of PLT-F channel and immature platelet fraction parameters in differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia
Authors: Dorn O. Yu. , Klinova T. V. , Legacheva O. Z. , Tsikalenko E. A. 
Published: October 2022

Establishing the true causes of thrombocytopenia is of paramount importance, since the tactics of managing patients depend on it. Obtaining information about the activity of thrombocytopoiesis until recently was possible only after examining the bone marrow, but modern laboratory diagnostic capabilities make it possible to evaluate thrombocytopoiesis by a comprehensive clinical blood test performed on a hematological analyzer using a fluorescent optical method (PLT-F). At the same time, in addition to the number of platelets in peripheral blood, information is available on the number of immature platelets (IPF) in absolute and relative terms. Objective: to evaluate the possibility of using the PLT-F channel and IPF parameters in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. We reviewed three clinical cases with different pathogenetic variants of thrombocytopenia (immune thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenia in DIC and thrombocytopenia associated with bone marrow damage). In all cases, a clinical blood test was performed on a Sysmex XN 1000 hematological analyzer using the PLT-F channel. When using the PLT-F channel, parameters are available to differentiate thrombocytopenia according to the mechanism of pathogenesis. The absolute value of IPF is a criterion for the activity of thrombocytopoiesis in the bone marrow, while the relative value of IPF, namely the increase in this parameter, is a criterion for the loss of platelets in the peripheral bloodstream (destruction or increased consumption of platelets). The availability of obtaining diagnostic information about the activity of thrombocytopoiesis and loss of platelets in the peripheral bloodstream using a clinical blood test using the PLT-F channel on Sysmex XN hematological analyzers is of great clinical importance, since a clinical blood test, being a routine study, does not require special conditions for sampling biomaterial, and can be performed not only at the stage of diagnosis, but also during therapy monitoring.
Evaluation of exfoliative cytology in endometrial pathology
Authors: Karpova A. E. , Shabalova I. P. , Kasoyan K. T. , Sozaeva L. G. , Shahova O. B. , Mironov A. V. , Kuznezov R. E. 
Published: October 2022

Objective. Determination of the significance of cytological methods in the diagnosis of non-tumor lesions and endometrial tumors. Materials and Methods. 69 patients who underwent surgical treatment of hysterectomy or hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic scraping of the cervical mucosa and uterine cavity. The endometrial surface was scraped by Cytobrush. Part of the material was applied to a slide for conventional cytology (CC); the remaining material was placed into the vial for liquid-based cytology (LBC). The results were analyzed using SPSS Statistical Package (SPSS: An IBM Company). Results. Histological examination of biopsy material revealed endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (20), atypical hyperplasia (2) and adenocarcinoma (11). The sensitivity of CC and LBC for hyperplasia without atypia was estimated at 100 %, the specificity at 88 % and 94 %, respectively; the positive predictive value at 77 % and 87 %, respectively, and the negative predictive value at 100 %. The sensitivity of CC and LBC for atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was estimated at 100 %, specificity at 96 %; positive predictive value at 87 % and negative predictive value at 100 %. Conclusions. Exfoliative cytology of material from the uterine cavity can be used as an informative method for detecting endometrial cancer and hyperplasia.