bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic level of valproic acid in epileptic patients taking authorized or unauthorized valproic acid marketed in Yemen: A cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: AL-Dhuraibi Abdullah Mohammed , Shantier Shaza W. , Gadkariem Elrasheed A. , Abdoon Iman Hassan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drug counterfeiting is an under-recognized problem and reliable information on the impact of counterfeit medications on public health is sparse, particularly in developing countries. A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at neurology clinics in Aden, Yemen, to compare plasma levels of valproic acid in epileptic patients using authorized or unauthorized valproic acid marketed in Yemen. Blood samples were collected from patients and the plasma levels of valproic acid were analyzed using Chemiluminescent Micro-Particle Immunoassay. Chi-square test and independent-samples T-test were used to determine the association between variables. Out of 51 epileptic patients, 56.9% used unauthorized valproic acid. All patients using authorized valproic acid had attained the recommended therapeutic level of valproic acid, with plasma levels of 64.3±10.9 µg/ml. In patients taking unauthorized brands of valproic acid, no patient had attained the recommended therapeutic level, whereas 96.6% of the patients remained in the sub-therapeutic level and 3.4% reached the toxic level, with plasma levels of 30.9±22.2 µg/ml. Valproic acid levels in patients taking unauthorized brands were significantly reduced when compared to authorized brand (P=0.000). Alarmingly, more than half of valproic acid samples did not fulfill the recommended therapeutic level, with sub-therapeutic and toxic levels.
Maternal Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Enhances Spatial Memory of Uninfected Juvenile Mouse Pups
Authors: Noel Sophia Clara , Fortin-Hamel Liana , Haque Manjurul , Scott Marilyn Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to factors including maternal infection during pregnancy. Establishment of neural networks critical for memory and cognition begins during the perinatal period, when Heligmosomoides bakeri, a gastrointestinal (GI) nematode restricted to the maternal mouse intestine, has been shown to upregulate expression of long-term potentiation genes in the young rodent pup brain. We explored the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy and early lactation on the spatial behavior of uninfected male and female juvenile mice. Pre-weaned pups of H. bakeri infected dams exhibited less exploratory behaviour compared to pups of uninfected dams on postnatal day (PD) 16 but not PD 17, possibly reflecting a transient fear of an unfamiliar environment and/or a brief neurodevelopmental delay. Our two spatial memory tests show for the first time an enhancement of spatial memory in response to maternal nematode infection regardless of pup sex. At PD 17, pups of infected dams expressed object location memories after 3 hours in the Object Location Test whereas offspring of uninfected mothers did not. In addition, at PD 34, juveniles of infected mothers retained their ability to find the escape hole in the Barnes Maze Test for one week whereas offspring from uninfected mothers did not. This finding is even more striking given that spatial memory was positively associated with pup length, yet this maternal infection impaired linear growth of pups. Thus, the positive impact of maternal infection on spatial memory countered any impairment associated with the shorter length of the pups. Overall, these novel findings indicate that a maternal GI nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation positively influences the spatial memory of uninfected juvenile offspring with potential fitness implications for the next generation.
Suppressing thermoacoustic instability: targeting local dynamics to prevent a global transition
Authors: George Nitin Babu , Raghunathan Manikandan , Unni Vishnu R , Sujith R. I. , Kurths Jürgen , Surovyatkina Elena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The burning of fossil fuels to generate power produces harmful emissions. Lowering such emissions in gas turbine engines is possible by operating them at fuel-lean conditions. However, such strategies often fail because, under fuel-lean conditions, the combustors are prone to catastrophic high-amplitude oscillations known as thermoacoustic instability. We reveal that, as an operating parameter is varied in time, the transition to thermoacoustic instability is initiated at specific spatial regions before it is observed in larger regions of the combustor. We use two indicators to discover such inceptive regions: the growth of variance of fluctuations in spatially resolved heat release rate and its spatiotemporal evolution. In this study, we report experimental evidence of suppression of the global transition to thermoacoustic instability through targeted modification of local dynamics at the inceptive regions. We strategically arrange slots on the flame anchor, which, in turn, reduce the local heat release rate fluctuations at the inceptive regions and thus suppress the global transition to thermoacoustic instability. Our results open new perspectives for combustors that are more environmental-friendly.
Study the Effects of Gathering Multi conditions on D-shaped Optical Fiber Sensor-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Alwahib Ali Abdulkhaleq , hasan Shatha mezher , Saleh Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plasmonic performance is subjected to physical property variations. Fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is investigated in terms of the light source, polarization, and temperature effects on the plasmonic coupling efficiency. Initially, a side-polished D-shaped optical fiber is coated with a plasmonic gold (Au) layer to evaluate the plasmonic performance under different light sources and optical spectrometers. The collimated optical signal is polarized at three different angles: 0°, 45°, and 90°, concerning the fast axis, using free space three-wave plates before being directed to the multimode D-shaped fiber. A water chamber is used to discover the effect of water temperature on the stability of the plasmonic absorption curve in optical fiber and prism-based SPR. The repeatability and stability of two different designs are examined under Hg ions' influence. The results showed that the light source behaves differently according to minimum absorption and resonance wavelength. This research focused intensely on tuning plasmonic curves for the best output results. The main features of sesnor are reputability, stability using reduced graphene maghemite with polyvinyl chloride (rGO/γ-Fe2O3/PVC) for Hg ions, and the transmitted power shift at 40ºC. This paper highlights the plasmonic wave coupling and studies plasmonic coupling efficiency under different applied conditions. The effect of light polarization within a D-shaped fiber for SPR has not yet been thoroughly explored, nor has it been published under different conditions in any literature thus far.
Chronology of Late Carboniferous Pillow Lava Assemblages In Xiaopinggou, Dabancheng, Xinjiang
Authors: Li Xuewei , Feng Qiao , Luo Zhenjiang , Zhou Xiaohu , Jie Mingqian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A set of pillow lava volcanic rock assemblages with complete outcrops have been exposed in the Xiaopinggou area in the northeast of Dabancheng. The geological implications of the single-grain zircon U-Pb age are explained based on magmatic differentiation crystallization and statistical principles, which provide important clues for the tectonic background of the Bogda tectonic belt and the geological age of its evolution. The Xiaopinggou pillow lava assemblage includes pillow basalt, dacite, pyroclastic rock, and normal sedimentary rocks. The harmonized age of the LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating data of 21 single-grain zircon in its dacite is 325±2.7Ma, and the weighted average age is 326.0±2.8Ma. This age represents only the most dominant zircon crystallization age in the magma chamber. According to the youngest 4 single-grain zircon age groups, the concordant age is 315.4±1.3Ma. This age limits the diagenetic age of the Xiaopinggou pillow lava assemblage no earlier than the early Late Carboniferous (late Bashkirian stage), which is consistent with the geological age determined by the fossils contained in the Liushugou Formation.
Isobavachalcone Activates Antitumor Immunity on Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model: A Screening and Validation
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Liu Xuanming , Cao Jianlin , Zhuo Yuzhen , Jin Jiahui , Gao Qiaoying , Yuan Xiangfei , yang Lei , Li Dihua , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer accompanies poor prognosis and accounts for a significant number of deaths every year. Due to possessing a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as antioxidant and antitumor activity, Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL) is widely used in clinical Chinese medicine. In the present work, we explored potential antitumor agents of PCL and underlying mechanisms in vivo and vitro experiments. Based on the integration of network pharmacology, protein-protein interaction network, the expression profile of gene, survival analysis, multivariate Cox regression model, and molecular docking, we considered Isobavachalcone (IBC) as a candidate compound. Subsequently, we confirmed that IBC could inhibit Panc 02 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis via increasing ROS production in vitro. Meanwhile, IBC could attenuate the weight of orthotopic pancreatic cancer in mice, increase CD8+ cells and reduce M2 macrophages polarization in the tumor tissue and spleen. IBC also alleviated the proportion of MDSCs in the tumor tissue but had no change in the spleen. In addition, IBC restrained the polarization of RAW 264.7 cells into M2 macrophages by inhibiting the expression of ARG1 and MRC1 and suppressed the expression of ARG1 and TGF-β in BM-derived MDSCs. Thus, IBC can attenuate orthotopic pancreatic cancer growth via activating immune activity and inducing cell apoptosis. This research could be a reference for the antitumor ability of IBC and the treatment of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.
Safety and efficacy of the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter to remove bacteria from the blood stream – results of the first in human study
Authors: Eden Gabriele , Schmidt Julius , Büttner Stefan , Kümpers Philipp , Hafer Carsten , Rovas Alexandros , Koch Benjamin Florian , Schmidt Bernhard M. W , Kielstein Jan T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The outcome of patients with bacteremia depends on both, the bacterial burden as well as the duration of bacteremia. Promptly decreasing bacterial load in the blood by using extracorporeal devices in addition to anti-infective therapy has recently been explored. Preclinical studies with Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter (Seraph® 100), which consists of heparin that is covalently bound to polymer beads, have demonstrated an effective binding of bacteria and viruses. Pathogens adhere to the heparin coated polymer beads in Seraph® 100 as they would normally do to heparan sulfate on cell surfaces. Using this biomimetic principle, the Seraph® 100 could help to decrease bacterial burden in vivo.Methods: This first in human, prospective, multicenter, non-randomized interventional study included patients with blood culture positive bloodstream infection and the need for renal replacement therapy as an adjunctive treatment for bloodstream infection. We performed a single four-hour hemoperfusion treatment with the Seraph® 100 in conjunction with a dialysis procedure. Post procedure follow up was 14 days.Results: Fifteen hemodialysis patients (3F/12M, age 74.0 [68.0 - 78.5] years, dialysis vintage 28.0 [11.0 - 45.0] months) were enrolled. Seraph® 100 treatment started 66.4 [45.7 - 80.6] hours after the positive initial blood culture was drawn. During the treatment with the Seraph® 100 with a median blood flow of 285 [225 - 300] ml/min no device or treatment related adverse events were reported. Blood pressure and heart rate remained stable while peripheral oxygen saturation improved during the treatment from 98.0 [92.5 - 98.0] to 99.0 [98.0 - 99.5] %; p = 0.0184. Four patients still had positive blood culture at the start of Seraph® 100 treatment. In one patient blood cultures turned negative during treatment. The time to positivity (TTP) was reduced between inflow and outflow blood cultures by 36 [-7.2 – 96.3] minutes. However, overall TTP reduction was not significant.Conclusions: Seraph® 100 treatment was well tolerated. Adding Seraph® 100 to antibiotics early in the course of bacteremia might result in a faster resolution of bloodstream infections, which has to be evaluated in further studies.Trail registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02914132
Expanded geographic distribution and host preference of Anopheles gibbinsi (An. species 6) in northern Zambia
Authors: Gebhardt Mary E , Krizek Rachel S. , Coetzee Maureen , Koekemoer Lizette L , Dahan-Moss Yael , Mbewe David , Lupiya James Sichivula , Muleba Mbanga , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Moss William J. , Norris Douglas E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundNchelenge District in northern Zambia suffers from holoendemic malaria transmission despite a decade of yearly indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated net (ITN) distributions. One hypothesis for this lack of impact is that some vectors in the area may forage in the early evening or outdoors. Anopheles gibbinsi specimens were identified in early evening mosquito collections performed in this study area, and we gleaned further insight into this taxon, including characterizing its genetic identity, feeding preferences, and potential role as a malaria vector.MethodsMosquitoes were collected in July and August 2019 by CDC light traps in Nchelenge District in indoor sitting rooms, outdoor gathering spaces, and animal pens from 16:00-22:00. Host detection by PCR, COI and ITS2 PCR, and circumsporozoite (CSP) ELISA were performed on all samples morphologically identified as An. gibbinsi, and a subset of specimens were selected for COI and ITS2 sequencing. To determine risk factors for increased abundance of An. gibbinsi, a negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was performed with household-level variables of interest.ResultsComparison of COI and ITS2 An. gibbinsi reference sequences to the NCBI database revealed >99% identity to “An. sp. 6” from Kenya. More than 97% of specimens were morphologically and molecularly consistent with An. gibbinsi. Specimens were primarily collected in animal pen traps (59.2%), followed by traps outdoors near where humans gather (24.3%), and traps set indoors (16.5%). Host DNA detection revealed a high propensity for goats, but 5% of specimens with detected host DNA had fed on humans. No specimens were positive for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Animal pens and inland households >3 km from Lake Mweru were both associated with increased An. gibbinsi abundance. ConclusionsThis is the first report of An. gibbinsi in Nchelenge District, Zambia. This study provided a species identity for unknown “An. sp. 6” in the NCBI database, which has been implicated in malaria transmission in Kenya. Composite data suggest that this species is largely zoophilic and exophilic, but comes into contact with humans and the malaria parasites they carry. This species should continue to be monitored in Zambia and neighboring countries as a potential malaria vector.
Clinical Assessments and Gait Performance in Patients with Trimalleolar Fractures
Authors: Zhu Ting , Wang Ya , Tian Fei , Wang Wenjin , Zhong Rongzhou , Zhai Hua , Wang Shaobai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Trimalleolar fracture is a common ankle fracture with serious complications and costly healthcare problem. Most studies used clinical assessments to evaluate the functional status of the patients. Although clinical assessments are valid, they are static and subjective. Dynamic, objective and precise evaluations such as gait analysis are needed. Ankle biomechanics studies on gait in patients with trimalleolar fractures are still rare. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and gait biomechanics in patients with trimalleolar fractures and compared to healthy controls. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 12 patients with trimalleolar fractures were recruited, and 12 healthy people served as controls. All patients underwent clinical assessments: Olerud and Molander ankle score (OMAS), ankle swelling and passive range of motion (ROM) of ankle, and completed gait biomechanical analysis: temporal-spatial parameters, plantar pressure distributions, and surface electromyography (sEMG). The control group only performed gait test. Results: Patients had poor outcomes of clinical assessments. During gait analysis, patients presented compromised gait patterns: shorter step length, larger step width, slower walking speed and shorter single support compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001), and patients showed asymmetrical gait. Symmetry index of step width and walking speed were mainly correlated with the difference of ankle inversion ROM between two sides (R=-0.750, P=0.005; R=-0.700, P=0.011). During walking, patients showed abnormal dynamic plantar pressure features (mainly in the hindfoot and forefoot regions), and the IEMG (integrated electromyography) of tibial anterior muscle (TA) and peroneal longus muscle (PL) were larger than healthy controls (P=0.002, 0.050). Conclusions: Patients with trimalleolar fractures showed physical impairments of the ankle, and presented altered gait parameters compared to healthy subjects. The ankle stability of patients declined, and deficits in TA and PL muscle ability might contribute to it. Restoring complete muscle functions and improving passive ankle ROM are significant to promote the recovery of a normal gait pattern.
Artificial Neural Networks Model in the Prediction of Pancreas Transplantation Recipient Survival
Authors: G Raji C , S.N Induja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The pancreas transplantation is always a risky procedure, so that the number of transplantation suggesting by doctors are less. Also doctors have no method to predict the survival of patient after pancreas transplantation. So it is necessary to have a system to predict the survival of patients after pancreas transplantation. Mostly Type 1 diabetes are treated through pancreas transplantation. Yet, it is commonly held for those with genuine diabetes difficulties, on the grounds that the reactions of a pancreas transplant are huge. Consequently the requirement for this investigation is basic. Pancreas transplantation is constantly dangerous in light of it’s eventual outcomes, so the proposed framework anticipating the odds of survival of patients by breaking down their wellbeing conditions. This investigation will be useful to specialists for understanding careful results and expands the believability of specialists. From our research, we can see that the chosen model have given greater survival rate. Pancreas transplantation is definitely not a standard procedure yet a seldom happening procedure, since it is an exceptionally unsafe technique and has numerous eventual outcomes. Need an exact model to foresee the survival after transplantation. We proposed three models which are suitable for pancreas survival prediction. From that, with Multilayer Perceptron we obtained 99.5% accuracy in survival prediction. The result was compared with existing research work to ensure that it is the only accurate method now existing to predict the patients survival in pancreas transplantation.
WITHDRAWN: The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Authors: KWON SOON-HO , Jang You Lim , Kwon Hae-Yun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hibiscus sinosyriacus is a deciduous broad-leaved shrub belonging to the Malvaceae family that is distributed in the temperate southern regions of China. Studying the chloroplast genome of H. sinosyriacus is necessary to distinguish evolutionary and genetic differences among allied species. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence assembly of H. sinosyriacus was completed, and the genome size was 160,892 bp. The large single copy was 89,747 bp, the two inverted repeats were 25,742 bp, and the small single copy was 19,661 bp long. There were 131 genes, 86 coding sequences, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs, of which 7 genes were replicated in the inverted region. The complete genome sequence can be used for evolutionary comparative studies of related species.
Digital body mapping of pain quality and distribution in athletes with longstanding groin pain.
Authors: Serner Andreas , Reboul Gilles , Lichau Olivier , Weir Adam , Heijboer Willem , Vuckovic Zarko , Boudreau Shellie Ann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Groin pain is common in athletes, but remains a challenge to diagnose. Self-reported pain quality distribution may facilitate differential diagnoses. We included 167 athletes with groin pain (≥ 4 weeks). All athletes received a standardized clinical examination. Athletes could choose multiple quality descriptors and intensity, and drew these on a digital body map. Overlay images were created to assess distribution and area visually. Intensity, duration, and qualities were compared between each clinical entity and multiple entities. Top three quality descriptors were electric (22%), pain (19%), and dull/aching (15%). There were no differences in the frequencies of quality descriptors (p = 0.893) between clinical entities. Areas of the mapped qualities were similar between the single clinical entities (χ2(3) = 0.143, p = 0.986 ) and independent of symptom duration (ρ = 0.004, p = 0.958). Despite a considerable overlap, the mapped pain qualities’ distributions appear to differ visually between single clinical entities and align with the defined clinical entities of adductor-related, inguinal-related, and pubic-related groin. In iliopsoas-related groin pain, pain extended more medially. The overlap between the drawn areas underscores a challenge in differentiating groin pain classifications based only on self-reported pain. The prevalence of pain quality descriptors varied and individually do not associate with one particular clinical entity of groin pain.
Surface profile and milling force prediction for milling thin-walled workpiece based on equivalent 3D undeformed chip thickness model
Authors: Li Xiang , Gong Yadong , Zhao Jibin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on the relative geometric relationship between the real motion trajectory of the milling cutter and the workpiece, the undeformed chip thickness equation and the two-dimensional surface contour feature algorithm are established. By introducing the parameters of milling cutter critical height, milling cutter helix angle and lag angle parameters, the three-dimensional surface profile prediction model and the equivalent three-dimensional model considering the chip formation process are derived. And the calculation equations of the instantaneous chip cross-sectional area and the blade-workpiece contact length of the three phases of chip formation are established respectively. The multiple linear regression method was used to fit the orthogonal test results of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, so as to complete the dynamic milling force identification, and finally establish the milling force prediction model. The accuracy of the prediction model was verified by the single factor method, and the influence of different parameters on the milling process of thin-walled parts was observed. The results show that the established model has high accuracy in predicting the surface profile and milling force of thin-walled parts.