bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the nutrients supplied by veterinary diets commercialized in Brazil for obese dogs undergoing a weight loss program
Authors: Olivindo Rodrigo F. G. , Zafalon Rafael V. A. , Teixeira Fabio Alves , Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale , Pedrinelli Vivian , Brunetto Marcio Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring a weight loss program, energy restriction is performed, which can result in nutrient intake below the minimum recommendations if a proper diet is not offered. A common recommendation for dogs undergoing energy restriction is to use a veterinary diet formulated for the management of obesity to potentially reduce the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to perform bromatological and essential mineral analysis in veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian market and to analyse whether these diets provide the recommended amount of nutrients per kg of metabolic body weight (kg BW0.75) for animals undergoing energy restriction. Samples of all veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian pet food market were analysed (n = 8). The nutrient supply per kg BW0.75was calculated and compared with the NRC recommended allowance and FEDIAF recommendations by descriptive statistics. For this purpose, the weight loss energy requirement equations of 70 kcal/target body weight0.75and 63 kcal/target body weight0.75were used, in which target body weight corresponds to 10%–40% of the initial body weight according to the body condition score. The manufacturers’ intake recommendations were also evaluated and compared to the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations. Almost all of the diets (n = 7/8) had at least one nutrient below the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations when target weight of minus 10%, 20% or 30% was considered, and all diets had at least one nutrient deficiency when the target weight was minus 40%. When the energy intake was restricted a further 10%, all diets had at least one nutrient below recommendations at the minus 30% target weight. The nutrients for which the recommendations were not met were as follows: calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, protein and fat. When compared to the manufacturers’ recommendations, nutrient deficiencies were observed in all of the diets when compared to the NRC and in 7/8 when compared to FEDIAF, and all diets had at least one deficiency when compared to both NRC and FEDIAF after an extra 10% calorie restriction. It was concluded that the majority of veterinary diets formulated for weight loss/obesity management in Brazil did not meet all the recommendations of the analysed nutrients, which reinforces that diets for weight loss should be used according to veterinary prescription and should ideally be prescribed by nutrition specialists that can better understand the limitations of the diet's composition.
Degradation of de‐esterified pctin/homogalacturonan by the polygalacturonase GhNSP is necessary for pollen exine formation and male fertility in cotton
Authors: Wu Yuanlong , Li Xiao , Li Yanlong , Ma Huanhuan , Chi Huabin , Ma Yizan , Yang Jing , Xie Sai , Zhang Rui , Liu Linying , Su Xiaojun , Lv Rongjie , Khan Aamir Hamid , Kong Jie , Guo Xiaoping , Lindsey Keith , Min Ling , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe pollen wall exine provides a protective layer for the male gametophyte and is largely composed of sporopollenin, which comprises fatty acid derivatives and phenolics. However, the biochemical nature of the external exine is poorly understood. Here, we show that the male sterile line 1355A of cotton mutated in NO SPINE POLLEN (GhNSP) leads to defective exine formation. The GhNSP locus was identified through map‐based cloning and confirmed by genetic analysis (co‐segregation test and allele prediction using the CRISPR/Cas9 system). In situ hybridization showed that GhNSP is highly expressed in tapetum. GhNSP encodes a polygalacturonase protein homologous to AtQRT3, which suggests a function for polygalacturonase in pollen exine formation. These results indicate that GhNSP is functionally different from AtQRT3, the latter has the function of microspore separation. Biochemical analysis showed that the percentage of de‐esterified pectin was significantly increased in the 1355A anthers at developmental stage 8. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies using antibodies to the de‐esterified and esterified homogalacturonan (JIM5 and JIM7) showed that the Ghnsp mutant exhibits abundant of de‐esterified homogalacturonan in the tapetum and exine, coupled with defective exine formation. The characterization of GhNSP provides new understanding of the role of polygalacturonase and de‐esterified homogalacturonan in pollen exine formation.
Artificial microRNA guide strand selection from duplexes with no mismatches shows a purine‐rich preference for virus‐ and non‐virus‐based expression vectors in plants
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Wen , Falk Bryce W. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryArtificial microRNA (amiRNA) technology has allowed researchers to direct efficient silencing of specific transcripts using as few as 21 nucleotides (nt). However, not all the artificially designed amiRNA constructs result in selection of the intended ~21‐nt guide strand amiRNA. Selection of the miRNA guide strand from the mature miRNA duplex has been studied in detail in human and insect systems, but not so much for plants. Here, we compared a nuclear‐replicating DNA viral vector (tomato mottle virus, ToMoV, based), a cytoplasmic‐replicating RNA viral vector (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV, based), and a non‐viral binary vector to express amiRNAs in plants. We then used deep sequencing and mutational analysis and show that when the structural factors caused by base mismatches in the mature amiRNA duplex were excluded, the nucleotide composition of the mature amiRNA region determined the guide strand selection. We found that the strand with excess purines was preferentially selected as the guide strand and the artificial miRNAs that had no mismatches in the amiRNA duplex were predominantly loaded into AGO2 instead of loading into AGO1 like the majority of the plant endogenous miRNAs. By performing assays for target effects, we also showed that only when the intended strand was selected as the guide strand and showed AGO loading, the amiRNA could provide the expected RNAi effects. Thus, by removing mismatches in the mature amiRNA duplex and designing the intended guide strand to contain excess purines provide better control of the guide strand selection of amiRNAs for functional RNAi effects.
When does self‐interest distort moral belief?
Authors: Smyth Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I critically analyze the notion that self‐interest distorts moral belief‐formation. This belief is widely shared among modern moral epistemologists, and in this paper, I seek to undermine this near consensus. I then offer a principle which can help us to sort cases in which self‐interest distorts moral belief from cases in which it does not. As it turns out, we cannot determine whether such distortion has occurred from the armchair; rather, we must inquire into mechanisms of social power and advantage before declaring that some moral position is distorted by self‐interest.
Relational coupling of multiple streams: The case of COVID‐19 infections in German abattoirs
Authors: Möck Malte , Vogeler Colette S. , Bandelow Nils C. , Hornung Johanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter a series of COVID‐19 outbreaks among employees in the German meat‐processing industry, the Work Safety Control Act protecting these workers made it on the government's agenda in July 2020. From a Multiple Streams perspective, local corona hotspots may be understood as policy windows for introducing respective measures. However, this alone is not sufficient to explain agenda setting. This study investigates the coupling of streams within policy windows. Introducing the notion of relational coupling to the MSF research agenda, discourse network analysis provides a new methodology to reveal entrepreneurial activities. Studying the German mass media discourse on the issue identifies two stages: (1) An initial problem brokerage without coupling of core policies, followed by (2) a coupling across all streams based on a focusing event. We argue that relational coupling allows for an enhanced understanding of agenda setting.
Conundrums in the breathless athlete; exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction or asthma?
Authors: Jansrud Hammer Ida , Halvorsen Thomas , Vollsæter Maria , Hilland Magnus , Heimdal John‐Helge , Røksund Ola Drange , Clemm Hege Havstad 
Published: February 2022

PurposeExercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) are the two disorders commonly considered when athletes complain of exertional dyspnea. They are highly different but often confused. We aimed to address this diagnostic challenge and its consequences in elite athletes.MethodsWe included all athletes competing at national or international level, referred to our institution for workup for EILO during 2013–2016. We diagnosed EILO from video‐recorded laryngoscopy performed during maximal cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise (CLE test). Symptoms and previous diagnostic evaluations were obtained from referral letters and chart reviews.ResultsExercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction was diagnosed in 73/101 referred athletes, of whom 70/73 had moderate/severe supraglottic obstruction and 3/73 had primarily glottic obstruction with only minor supraglottic involvement. Of the 73 athletes with EILO, we were able to identify objective tests for asthma in 55 participants, of whom 22 had findings supporting asthma. However, 58/73 had used asthma therapy at some time previously, with current use in 28. Only three reported that asthma medication had improved their exercise‐related breathing problems, two of whom with tests confirming asthma. Treatment for EILO improved breathing problems in all but four.ConclusionsObjective testing verified EILO in most of the referred athletes. EILO coexisting with asthma was common, and large proportions had used asthma medication; however, few reported effect on exercise‐related breathing problems. Unexplained persistent exertional dyspnea must not lead to indiscriminate escalation of asthma treatment, but instead incite investigation for EILO, either as a co‐morbidity or as a differential diagnosis.
Women, work, and opportunities: From neoliberal to feminist mentoring
Authors: Harris Deborah A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWomen‐focused mentoring programs are often cited as an important tool to help address gender inequality at work. Despite their popularity, there remain questions about how useful they are at improving women’s career trajectories or transforming gender demographics at the organizational or industry level. A frequent critique of current women‐focused mentoring efforts is that they reflect and uphold neoliberal feminism and have shifted from collective support to an individualized focus on competition and accruing human and social capital. These programs encourage women to internalize neoliberal subjectivities and prescribe individual change while shoring up ideas about meritocracy that are utterly divorced from gender. I discuss how feminist mentoring, which takes central tenets of feminism including focusing on collective action and organizational change, can serve as a countermeasure to neoliberal feminism and how this form of mentorship can help address gender inequality at work.
A critical review of cost‐effectiveness research in children's social care: What have we learnt so far?
Authors: Suh Ellie , Holmes Lisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents the findings from a critical review of cost‐effectiveness research in children's social care. With a focus on the past 20 years (since 2000), the review aims to assess the use and consistency of definitions relevant to evaluating cost‐effectiveness such as financial input (costs) and outcomes, and to review and summarise learnings from cost‐effectiveness studies in the English children's social care system. We included both academic and grey literature and identified 61 relevant publications for inclusion. The results are organised according to three themes: costs, outcomes and cost‐effectiveness. We identified that a large proportion of studies contained a discussion on cost, spend or unit cost, and an equal proportion of articles concerned outcomes of service, benefit to children or quality of service provided. The number of studies discussing cost‐effectiveness, cost–benefit or economic evaluation was considerably smaller. The findings highlight substantial gaps in the literature, with a disproportionate focus on stating the problem in terms of cost pressures, and very little robust evidence about cost‐effectiveness. Furthermore, the article sets out methodological limitations and indicates a lack of transparency in many of the report studies. We conclude that as a result of the gaps and limitations it is difficult for policymakers and other stakeholders in children's services to make evidence‐informed decisions about the best use of their limited resources.
Detrital apatite Lu–Hf and U–Pb geochronology applied to the southwestern Siberian margin
Authors: Glorie Stijn , Gillespie Jack , Simpson Alexander , Gilbert Sarah , Khudoley Andrei , Priyatkina Nadezhda , Hand Martin , Kirkland Christopher L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApatite is increasingly used in sedimentary provenance studies. However, detrital apatite U–Pb geochronology can be challenging due to the presence of non‐radiogenic Pb, its intermediate closure temperature (~350–550°C) and/or age‐resetting by metamorphic/metasomatic processes. The Lu–Hf system in apatite has a higher closure temperature (~675–750°C) and is, therefore, more robust to thermal resetting. Here we present the first detrital apatite Lu–Hf age spectra. We have developed a laser‐ablation Lu–Hf dating technique, using reaction‐cell mass spectrometry, that allows rapid cost‐effective analysis, required for detrital apatite studies. The method is best suited to Precambrian detritus, permitting greater radiogenic Hf ingrowth. Using samples from Siberia, we demonstrate: (1) excellent correlations between U–Pb and Lu–Hf dates for apatites from igneous protoliths; and (2) that Lu–Hf dating can detect primary age information in metamorphic grains. Hence, when used in tandem with U–Pb zircon and apatite geochronology, Lu–Hf apatite dating provides a powerful new tool for provenance studies.
Producer service foreign direct investment and pollution in China
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Han , Zhou Jishun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impacts of services, especially the producer services, on pollution have received little attention so far. In this paper, we propose the hypotheses that producer service foreign direct investment (PS FDI) would have direct impact on pollution, in a way that is similar to manufacturing activities. We test our hypotheses using Chinese provincial data from 2008 to 2018. Our findings show that PS FDI does affect pollution in a significant way, and the results remain robust under various tests. We also identify significant mediating effect, whereby PS FDI not only directly affects pollution levels, but also indirectly does so via its impacts on manufacturing activities. Besides localised effect, we show that PS FDI exhibits spatial spillover effect by influencing pollution levels in neighbouring provinces. Finally, we find that manufacturing activities magnify the impact of PS FDI on pollution locally, but mitigate its spatial spillover effect.
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
Authors: Takagi Satoshi , Nishino Ayano , Hanazono Kiwamu , Hosoya Kenji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the number of hepatic veins draining directly or indirectly into the caudal vena cava Thank you (CVC) using computed tomography angiography (CTA) in dogs.Study designRetrospective clinical study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 77).MethodsAbdominal CTA images were analyzed. Retrospective convenience sampling was performed using archived clinical cases to determine the number of hepatic veins in each liver lobe.ResultsA median of 2 vessels from the right lateral lobe (range: 1‐4) and the caudate process of the caudate lobe (range: 1‐5) drained directly into the CVC. In the quadrate lobe, most common patterns consisted of 1 vessel directly draining to the CVC or indirectly via the left hepatic vein (LHV), and a vessel from quadrate lobe and right medial lobe merging into 1 vessel draining into the CVC or the LHV. A median of 3 vessels in the left lateral lobe (range: 2‐8) and a median of 1 vessel in the left medial lobe (range: 1‐3) drained into the LHV. In the papillary process of the caudate lobe, a median of 1 (range: 1‐2) vessel drained directly into the CVC or the LHV.ConclusionThe draining pattern of hepatic veins varied widely in all liver lobes, especially the left lateral liver lobe.Clinical significanceVeterinary surgeons should consider the potential presence of multiple hepatic veins and their draining pattern when performing hilar liver lobe resection. Attentive evaluation of a preoperative CTA is recommended for surgical planning.
Paleozoic–Mesozoic dispersal of Gondwana: Insights from detrital zircon geochronology of Lesser Himalaya strata, eastern Nepal
Authors: Baral Upendra , Ding Lin , Dhital Megh Raj , Kumar KC , Li Shun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Detrital zircon geochronology has rapidly evolved into a powerful tool for reconstructing the assembly and dispersal processes of supercontinents. Currently, the dispersal history of Gondwanaland remains highly controversial. Here we focus on detrital zircon geochronology of the Gondwana (Carboniferous–Permian Kokaha Diamictite and Jurassic–Cretaceous Sapt Koshi Formation) and post-Gondwana (Miocene Tamrang Formation) sequences of the Lesser Himalaya in eastern Nepal. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Carboniferous–Permian sequence peaks at 544 Ma, 890 Ma, 1178 Ma, and 1752 Ma. Likewise, the Jurassic–Cretaceous sequence peaks at 531 Ma, 947 Ma, 1176 Ma and 1806 Ma along with a much younger peak at 123 Ma. Similarly, the Miocene sequence peaks at 526 Ma, 987 Ma, and 1740 Ma. Comparing these newly obtained ages with those of surrounding regions, we confirm that during the Carboniferous–Permian, the Indian continent was still connected to Gondwana. The U-Pb age distribution of the Kokaha Diamictite coincides with that of the Tethys Himalaya, which further suggests the possibility that this unit either shared the same provenance with or was recycled from the Tethys Himalaya. During the early Mesozoic, the Indian plate rifted from Gondwana and drifted northward, as evidenced by Triassic–Jurassic, rift-related magmatism along the Indian continental margin. Remarkably, there were significant inputs from the Rajmahal Basalt during deposition of the Jurassic–Cretaceous sequence. Besides, the Miocene sequence records a large number of zircons that closely resemble those of the Greater Himalaya, which implies that the Greater Himalaya may have already been uplifted and eroded by then.
Non-steady-state slip rates emerge along evolving restraining bends under constant loading
Authors: Elston Hanna , Cooke Michele , Hatem Alex 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent field studies provide evidence of fault slip-rate variability over time periods of 10–100 k.y., yet researchers do not know how processes internal to the fault system (e.g., fault reorganization) impact records of fault slip rates. In this study, we directly observed fault-system evolution and measured slip-rate histories within a scaled physical experiment of a dextral strike-slip 15° restraining bend representative of a gentle crustal restraining bend. To assess the degree of slip-rate variability at particular sites along the experimental faults, such as would be revealed in a field study, we tracked fault slip rates at specific locations that advected throughout the experiment with accrued fault slip. Slip rates increased or decreased (5%–25% of the applied velocity) both during fault reorganization (e.g., fault growth and abandonment) and as sites migrated to new structural positions. Sites that advected into the restraining bend showed decreased slip rate. While we expect new fault growth to reduce slip rates along nearby fault segments, we document that the growth of new oblique-slip faults can increase strike-slip rates on nearby fault segments. New oblique-slip thrust faults within the experiment accommodated off-fault convergence and unclamped nearby strike-slip segments. The experimental results show that even under a constant loading rate, slip rates at sites located on stable fault segments can vary due to either reorganization elsewhere in the fault system or site advection.
Ketamine for the acute treatment of severe suicidal ideation: double blind, randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: Abbar Mocrane , Demattei Christophe , El-Hage Wissam , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Samalin Ludovic , Demaricourt Pierre , Gaillard Raphael , Courtet Philippe , Vaiva Guillaume , Gorwood Philip , Fabbro Pascale , Jollant Fabrice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm the rapid onset anti-suicidal benefits of ketamine in the short term and at six weeks, overall and according to diagnostic group.DesignProspective, double blind, superiority, randomised placebo controlled trial.SettingSeven French teaching hospitals between 13 April 2015 and 12 March 2019.Eligibility criteria for participantsAged 18 or older with current suicidal ideation, admitted to hospital voluntarily. Exclusion criteria included a history of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, substance dependence, and contraindications for ketamine.Participants156 participants were recruited and randomised to placebo (n=83) or ketamine (n=73), stratified by centre and diagnosis: bipolar, depressive, or other disorders.InterventionTwo 40 minute intravenous infusions of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo (saline) were administered at baseline and 24 hours, in addition to usual treatment.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the rate of patients in full suicidal remission at day 3, according to the scale for suicidal ideation total score ≤3. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.ResultsMore participants receiving ketamine reached full remission of suicidal ideas at day 3 than those receiving placebo: 46 (63.0%) of 83 participants in the ketamine arm and 25 (31.6%) of 73 in the placebo arm (odds ratio 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 7.3), P<0.001). This effect differed according to the diagnosis (treatment: P<0.001; interaction: P=0.02): bipolar (odds ratio 14.1 (95% confidence interval 3.0 to 92.2), P<0.001), depressive (1.3 (0.3 to 5.2), P=0.6), or other disorders (3.7 (0.9 to 17.3, P=0.07)). Side effects were limited. No manic or psychotic symptom was seen. Moreover, a mediating effect of mental pain was found. At week 6, remission in the ketamine arm remained high, although non-significantly versus placebo (69.5%v56.3%; odds ratio 0.8 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.5), P=0.7).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that ketamine is rapid, safe in the short term, and has persistent benefits for acute care in suicidal patients. Comorbid mental disorders appear to be important moderators. An analgesic effect on mental pain might explain the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02299440.