bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SCOPING REVIEW OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADULTS OVER 50 WITH AUTISM: MANY BARRIERS AND SPARSE DATA
Authors: Kartoz Connie , Jefferson Rebeca , Eisenberg Chase , Antonakakis Antigone 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The population of older adults with autism is growing, yet the literature for this group is still relatively sparse (Mason et al., 2022). Adults with autism are reported to have comorbidities and a reduced lifespan (Hand et al., 2020). While physical activity (PA) is known to reduce chronic disease burden, extant research indicates young adults with autism do not engage in physical activity (PA) with the same frequency as neurotypical peers. Little is known about PA for older adults with autism. This scoping review aimed to explore research about PA for older adults with autism.

Methods
Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, 5 databases were searched (2018 and later) with keywords ‘autism,’ ‘older adults’, ‘PA,’ and age group delimiters.

Results
Initially, no articles were found, and the search was expanded to include all adults. After eliminating duplicates, 121 studies were reviewed, with 25 meeting the criteria (PA, autism, and no participants less than 18) and 9 having any participants over 50; in each of these 9 studies, the number of participants over 50 was less than 100. Only 2 studies focused on adults over 50. The level of evidence was low. The limited data suggests those aging with autism do not engage in recommended levels of PA and experience barriers to the same, but that interventions improve PA and possibly quality of life. IMPLICATIONS: There is a dire need to design interventional research to increase PA in older adults with autism to improve equitable health outcomes for this at-risk group.
ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF DAILY OBJECTS’ SHAPE ON STANDING AND SITTING BEHAVIOR OF FRAIL OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Handa Satoru , Kitamura Koji , Kawai Hisashi , Nishida Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One promising approach to supporting the independent lives of frail older people is the design of living environments. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of slight changes in the three-dimensional shape of daily environments, such as a desk, on standing and sitting by conducting experiments on frail older people. To this end, the authors fabricated four types of desks with different shapes and then measured the standing and sitting movements of frail older people (N=85, 65 to 90 years old) using the desks, a motion capture system, three-axis force sensors, and pressure sensors. The measure data were analyzed from psychological and physical viewpoints. Eight of the 85 applicants had severe sarcopenia. The results showed that handrails and fingerholds significantly increased the force to hold the desk (p&lt; 0.0001), and analysis using a musculoskeletal model (AnyBody) revealed that they decreased the muscle activity to push the desk (p=0.015).The cluster analysis results using posture data present that the handrails and handholds of the desk contributed to shifting the center of gravity of the upper body forward, leading to a decreasing burden on the muscles. A post-measurement questionnaire indicated that over 80% of the participants felt desks with handrails or handholds were more accessible to support and stand on. Some participants commented that the slight shape change improved a sense of safety. These results suggest that even minor design features such as handrails and fingerholds can assist the older in shifting their upper body posture without increasing the muscles’ burden.
INTERSECTION OF GENDER, PHYSICAL DISABILITY, AND EXPERIENCES OF ELDER MISTREATMENT IN DEMENTIA
Authors: Pickering Carolyn , Browning Wesley , Winstead Vicki , Hernandez Jessica , Yildiz Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A gerofeminist perspective highlights the intersection of gender, age, and power dynamics that influence the experience of aging women, while recognizing that age can also come with beneficial resources. Since gender-based power dynamics play significant roles in women’s experiences of aggression at younger ages, this study investigates the intersection of gender, physical disability, and elder mistreatment among older adults with dementia. Family caregivers provided self-reports on their care recipients’ characteristics and the frequency of engaging in physically aggressive, psychologically aggressive, and neglectful behaviors at three time points (enrollment, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups). We utilized mixed models for repeated measures to assess whether women experienced more aggressive and neglectful behaviors than men and whether physical disability heightened this risk. Care recipients (N=453) were more often women (58%). Women care recipients required significantly more assistance with ADLs (p&lt;0.001), were more often wheelchair or bedbound (p&lt;0.001) and lived in larger (p=0.003) and more multigenerational households compared to men (p=0.03). Gender-only models revealed that women experienced significantly less neglect than men (p=0.02). When physical disability was considered, wheelchair or bedbound women experienced significantly more neglect (p&lt;0.001) and physical aggression (p&lt;0.001) than men or non-physically disabled women. Findings support a gerofeminist view that women accumulate strengths as they age, such as larger social networks, that may protect against neglect. Findings also suggest that older women with physical disabilities face heightened risks of mistreatment, underscoring the importance of further research into the intersectionality of gender and disability.
GENDER DIFFERENCES ON THE EFFECT OF RECIPROCITY ON NEGLECT AND ABUSE BY DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Winstead Vicki , Pickering Carolyn , Browning Wesley , Hernandez Jessica , Yildiz Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reciprocity, a balanced exchange in interactions, is a crucial element of most social exchanges and impacts caregiving outcomes. This paper aims to investigate whether reciprocity plays a protective role against elder abuse and neglect and to explore potential gender variations associated with this relationship. A sample of 453 family caregivers reported daily perceptions of reciprocity in a micro-longitudinal study over 21 days. Perceived reciprocity was measured by the participant’s level of satisfaction with the amount of affection/appreciation shown by their relative with dementia in the previous 24 hours. Generalized linear mixed models examined the effect of perceived reciprocity on the odds of the caregiver engaging in psychologically aggressive, physically aggressive, and neglectful behaviors that day. Perceived reciprocity was associated with lowered daily odds of neglect (OR= 0.76 p= 0.006) and psychological abuse (OR = 0.6 p&lt; 0.001). We calculated an interaction term of the effects of gender and perceived reciprocity on abuse/neglect to assess gender differences. Increased reciprocity reduced the odds of neglect for both males and females, but the reduction in odds was greater for males (p=0.041). Results suggest that receiving attention and affection for caregiving may act as a protective factor, particularly for male caregivers. While female caregivers might face socially constructed role expectations, males, often taking on caregiving out of obligation, may benefit from reciprocal interactions regarding reduced likelihood of neglecting the care recipient. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of gender dynamics in caregiving and can inform interventions to prevent elder abuse and neglect.
IMPROVING QUALITY IN ASSISTED LIVING: FINDINGS FROM STATEWIDE INITIATIVES
Authors: Zimmerman Sheryl , Sloane Philip 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Almost 1.7 million people in the U.S. receive residential long-term care, more than half who reside in assisted living -- broadly defined as congregate settings that provide at least two meals a day, around-the-clock supervision, and help with personal care. Whereas nursing homes are federally regulated, assisted living is state regulated, which recognizes it as a community-based setting and allows for innovative practices and policies to promote better care and outcomes. Over the years, numerous state-based initiatives have been enacted across the country; this session will discuss new initiatives in two states, addressing their implementation, findings, and broad implications. Minnesota’s legislation recently created an online report card based on resident and family surveys; the presentation by Dr. Shippee will overview three years of data from more than 12,000 residents, noting the areas scored most favorably (e.g., environment) and least favorably (e.g., engagement). Dr. Moone will discuss the Minnesota assisted living regulatory framework and how the absence of broad representation in licensure development resulted in inconsistency in and preparation for survey inspections, as well as inadequate reimbursement. North Carolina recently undertook a statewide randomized trial of accreditation for assisted living; Ms. Efird-Green will discuss challenges implementing accreditation in more than half of the communities, and Dr. Zimmerman will present two years of outcome data comparing control and accreditation arms in relation to workforce and resident outcomes, care coordination and transitions, medication management, and person-centered care. Results will be put in context to inform quality initiatives across the country.
THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DAILY MEMORY LAPSES, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, AND DAILY AFFECT IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Jang Heejung , Hill Nikki , Turner Jennifer , Almeida David , Mogle Jacqueline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Daily memory lapses represent an understudied approach to understanding daily experiences of cognitive functioning. Because family relationships greatly influence individuals’ daily lives, the present study explores how the quality of family relationships impact daily memory lapses and the moderating influence of family relationship quality on the link between daily memory lapses and daily affect. We used data from 1,236 middle-aged and older adults (Mage= 62.48 years, SD= 10.21, range 43-91; 57% female) drawn from the third waves of the Midlife in the United States and National Studies of Daily Experiences. Participants completed 8 nightly telephone diaries that included both prospective and retrospective memory lapses as well as daily positive and negative affect. At baseline, participants reported on the emotional support they experienced with their family. Latent class analysis (LCA) models identified four family relationship types: pleasant, ambivalent, neutral, and unpleasant. Compared to pleasant relationships, ambivalent (b=.23, p&lt;.05) and neutral (b=.35, p&lt;.01) relationships are strongly associated with frequency of prospective memory lapses, but not retrospective lapses. Compared to pleasant relationships, ambivalent (b=.02, p&lt;.05), neutral (b=.02, p&lt;.05), and unpleasant (b=.07, p&lt;.001) relationships are associated with increased negative affect on days with a retrospective lapse, but not on days a prospective lapse. This study contributes to the literature by revealing that family relationships influence cognitive problems individuals experience in their daily lives and how these cognitive problems may contribute to affective symptom load over time.
NURSING HOME INFECTION PREVENTIONISTS: THEIR ROLE DURING COVID-19
Authors: Vogelsmeier Amy , Popejoy Lori , Miller Steven , Young Lisa , Johnson Alisha , Thompson Roy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While U.S. nursing homes were required to employ infection preventionist (IP) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about their role during the pandemic. Leaders and IPs were interviewed about IP duties as part of a larger study conducted in 24 Midwestern nursing homes to understand nursing homes’ response to COVID-19. Homes were purposively selected for the larger study to assure diverse pandemic experiences. Interviews were analyzed by four PhD researchers, doctoral student, and project coordinator using qualitative content analysis. IPs included registered nurses (RN) (16, 66%), licensed practical nurses (LPN) (7, 30%) and respiratory therapist (1, 4%) and had varied education levels including some college (6, 25%), associate’s (13, 54%) bachelor’s (3,13%) and master’s (2, 8%) degrees. Most homes (n=22; 92%) assigned IP duties to existing clinical roles e.g., directors/assistant directors of nursing, supervisors/charge nurses. COVID-related duties included reporting COVID testing to external agencies, administering vaccinations, and monitoring/training PPE use. A few, primarily RNs, also performed traditional IP duties including surveillance of residents/staff symptoms, tracking/trending unit outbreaks, implementing strategies to reduce spread, and collaborating with medical providers. Mandated reporting, a high-stakes, high-burden activity, was often shared with administrators and corporate leaders. Despite IP training, LPNs more often described not understanding their role beyond tasks. Most IPs discussed other assigned clinical roles as taking priority over their IP responsibilities. The IP role has important implications for infection prevention and management in nursing homes, however licensure differences, role clarity, and competing demands may affect the IP’s influence in this setting.
CAREGIVING CRISIS: NURSING ASSISTANT TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES
Authors: Barragan Cassandra , Dean Devlon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nursing Assistants (NAs) provide the majority of hands-on care for older adults in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) while also providing companionship and psychological support. NAs receive a minimum of 75 hours of training in every state with 12 states requiring 120 or more (M=95.2). However, many NAs feel unprepared for the complexities of caring for older adults (Trinkoff et al., 2017). This lack of preparedness likely contributes to high staff turnover in SNFs (Gaivin, 2022) and directly impacts the quality of care (Castle & Endberg, 2006). This research explored the relationship between NA training hours and SNF quality of care citations in the United States. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) SNF Quality Reporting Program (QRP) were used to determine the number of quality of life (QOL) citations for 5408 facilities in all 50 states and cross-referenced with the number of training hours required in each state. To control for the influence of a social worker, not required in smaller facilities, only facilities with 100 or more beds were examined. Regression analysis found for every hour increase in training hours, there will be an approximate 4% decrease in the predicted percentage of facilities with less than satisfactory QOL deficiencies. This research provides additional evidence that providing NAs with more training can improve QOL outcomes for residents of SNFs. This has implications for SNFs, assisted living, home health care, adult foster care, and other settings where NAs are employed.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLYPHARMACY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Qiu Xiao , Xu Ziyao , Sun Na , Hua Cassandra , Brown J Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polypharmacy is prevalent among older adults and is associated with increased depressive symptoms, yet differences in the relationship by gender are not well known. Understanding these gender-specific differences is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address depressive symptoms among older adults. This study examines the relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms among US community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older (n = 3,143), utilizing data from the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) core survey and its supplementary drug surveys. Employing negative binomial generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, polypharmacy is defined as the concurrent use of five or more prescription medications, while depressive symptoms are assessed using the 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-8). Over 40% of respondents aged 65 or older from the 2006 and 2008 waves regularly use five or more prescription medications. Polypharmacy is associated with increased depressive symptoms (CIRR=1.20, 95% CI= 1.15 -1.25). Notably, the relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms varies by gender. Among women, polypharmacy is linked to a lower number of depressive symptoms (AIRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84 - 0.95), whereas among men, it is associated with an increased number (AIRR =1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 -1.19). These findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions and healthcare strategies.
COGNITION AND PAIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DISCREPANCIES IN ACTIGRAPHY AND SELF-REPORTED SLEEP MEASURES IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Calderon Russell , Liu Sofia , McPhillips Miranda , Liu Michelle , Liu Yifan , Li Junxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sleep is a key determinant of health in older adults and is assessed using accelerometer-based (Actigraphy) and self-reported methods. This study aims to describe and identify factors associated with potential discrepancies between Actigraphy and self-reported sleep parameters (“Actigraphy/self-reported discrepancies”) in 125 community-dwelling older adults without dementia [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ≥17] using data from a randomized clinical trial (NCT03959202). Participants were 70.4±6.3 years old, 79.2% females, 21.6% with mild cognitive impairment. Actigraphy and corresponding self-reported sleep measures, including time in bed (TIB), sleep onset latency (SOL), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE) were collected using Actiwatch 2 for 7-10 days, sleep diaries, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Relative to Actigraphy measures, 11.2%, 38.4%, 52.0%, 35.2%, and 36.0%, of participants reported longer TIB(diary) (&gt;15 minutes), TIB(PSQI) (&gt;15 minutes), SOL(PSQI) (&gt;5 minutes), TST(PSQI) (&gt;15 minutes), and better SE(PSQI) (&gt;5%) respectively, whereas 38.4%, 52.0%, 12.0%, 54.4%, and 28.0% of participants reported shorter TIB(diary), TIB(PSQI), SOL(PSQI), TST(PSQI), and worse SE(PSQI) by the same magnitudes. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for demographics suggest higher MoCA was associated with reduced Actigraphy/self-reported discrepancies (TIB(Actigraphy-diary):β=-13.6, p=0.037; TIB(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=-11.2, p&lt; 0.01; SOL(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=-3.3, p=0.019; TST(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=-7.4, p=0.01; SE(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=-1.5, p=0.013). Higher pain behavior expression (TIB(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=7.3, p=0.011; SOL(Actigraphy-PSQI):β=2.7, p=0.014) and pain interference (TIB(Actigraphy-diary):β=8.8, p&lt; 0.01) were associated with greater Actigraphy/self-reported discrepancies. In summary, cognitive function and pain were associated with Actigraphy/self-reported discrepancies among older adults without dementia. Given that cognition and pain may interfere with self-perceptions of sleep quality, sleep must be carefully assessed and interpreted in this population.
GENDERED RACIAL DISPARITIES IN FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF LIFE-COURSE FAMILY CARE
Authors: Lee Chioun , Park Soojin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study addresses the dearth of research on culturally embodied factors influencing health disparities, focusing on cultural aspects such as family formation timing, living arrangements, familism, and family care responsibilities. By employing “intersectionality” and a life-course approach to “family care,” we aim to understand why minority women are vulnerable to functional limitations.

Methods
Data come from the MIDUS II, Refresher, and Milwaukee surveys, with a sample of Non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks (N=8,848; 18% Blacks; 53% Women). Measures of family care included age at first childbirth, number of biological children, single or nonmarital parenthood, child loss, co-residence with a disabled child, family caregiving history, and major grandparenting responsibilities. We identified racial disparities in family care profiles and assessed their contribution to health disparities.

Results
Adverse family care profiles were more common among women, particularly Blacks. Compared to White women, Black women were more likely to experience early and non-marital motherhood, current family care, and major grandparenting roles. Adverse family care profiles were linked to more functional limitations, with differing effects between Black and White women. While early childbearing was more detrimental to White women, caring for disabled family members had a greater adverse effect on Black women. Adverse family care profiles explained one-third of Black-White disparities in functional limitations.

Discussion
Our findings highlight the social costs of family care, disproportionately affecting minority women. They offer insights into public health policies and interventions aimed at easing the burdens of family care to improve their quality and length of life.
NOVEL METHODS AND DATA IN POPULATION AGING RESEARCH
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Hayes-Larson Eleanor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Causal inference in population health research on aging is critical for understanding determinants of healthy aging and informing potential avenues of intervention. Such research faces a number of methodological challenges including data availability, detection bias, selection bias, confounding, and reverse causation. Novel statistical methods and approaches to leveraging data have been developed to address these issues. This session features cutting-edge research that incorporates novel methods and data to address key methodological challenges in aging research. Speakers will address (1) the use of hypothetical intervention approaches to address confounding and reverse causation to understand the impact of loneliness on memory function in older adults, (2) a multiple-exposure data reduction approach to identify important determinants of exercise in an aging population, (3) ways to uncover and account for detection bias in electronic health record studies of dementia, (4) pooling of cohorts to address gaps in data availability across the lifecourse, and (5) challenges and opportunities related to extending findings from selected aging samples to broader populations of interest. Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium
EXTENDING FINDINGS FROM AGING COHORTS TO BROADER POPULATIONS OF INTEREST: CONSIDERING TRANSPORTABILITY
Authors: Hayes-Larson Eleanor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aging cohorts and other commonly-used data sources are typically not the populations of interest for scientific inferences in epidemiologic aging research. Rather, inferences are desired about particular target populations (e.g. defined by geography, age, birth cohort, or medical history), making external validity of study findings a particularly relevant concern. Recent developments in epidemiologic methods facilitate quantitative assessment of external validity and offer statistical solutions when study samples are not representative of the target population of interest. In this presentation, we discuss approaches to evaluating external validity in aging research, and methods for extending findings to a given target population when external validity appears threatened. We emphasize estimators that are valid for lifecourse research questions, and offer several recent examples from cognitive aging research.