bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unique multiple abnormal vascular pattern in retroperitoneal region: a case report
Authors: Ma Chunming , Li Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The left renal artery and genital artery are sent off the abdominal aorta to supply the corresponding organs, the left renal vein courses horizontally anterior to the left renal artery and abdominal aorta to drain into the inferior vena cava and receives blood return from the left genital vein with an angle of 90 degree. During anatomical teaching preparation, we observed an abnormal vascular pattern in retroperitoneal region. It presented double left renal arteries from abdominal aorta, double left renal veins (one was retro-aortic renal vein, and the other one was a small arcuate venous vessel draining into the left genital vein), and the left genital artery arising from the left lower renal artery. Multiple variations as our observations in a single person are rare in literature, and the abnormal drainage pattern that the renal vein drained into genital vein is unique, it is necessary for clinicians practicing in this region to bear this in mind to avoid iatrogenic injury.
Sparse Estimation of Correlations among Microbiomes (SECOM)
Authors: Lin Huang , Eggesbo Merete , Peddada Shyamal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that human gut microbiota form a complex ecosystem where microbes correlate with each other. Due to complex underlying interactions, some microbes may correlate nonlinearly. Yet, there are no measures in the literature that quantify these nonlinear relationships. We introduce a novel concept of correlation that allows for linear and nonlinear relationships among microbes. It is well-known that infant gut evolves as the child grows. Using the proposed methodology, for the first time in the literature we characterize temporal changes in correlations among bacterial families during a baby’s first year after birth. For example, we discover for the first time that Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which play important roles in degrading complex polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids, interact with several families during a baby’s first year of birth. Similarly, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidiceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae, are all negatively correlated with Enterobacteriaceae, a family that contains pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli. Statistical properties of the proposed methodology are evaluated analytically and by using synthetic data.
Host range of strand-biased circularizing integrative elements: a new class of mobile DNA elements nesting in Gammaproteobacteria
Authors: Idola Desmila , Mori Hiroshi , Nagata Yuji , Nonaka Lisa , Yano Hirokazu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe strand-biased circularizing integrative elements (SEs) are putatively non-mobilizable integrative elements for transmitting antimicrobial resistance genes. However, the prevalence of SEs in prokaryotes remains unclear. To address this, the SE core genes were defined based on the gene knockout experiments as well as conservation level, and then the synteny blocks of their distant homologs were searched in the RefSeq complete genome sequence database using PSI-BLAST.ResultsAt least three conserved coding sequences (intA, intB, srap) were identified as essential for SE circularization. One conserved coding sequences (tfp) could not be deleted. The synteny blocks of tfp and srap homologs were detected in 3.6% of the replicons of Gammaproteobacteria but not in the other taxa, implying that the SE movement is host-dependent. SEs have been discovered most frequently in the order Vibrionales (18% of replicons), Pseudomonadales (18%), Alteromonadales (17%), and Aeromonadales (12%). Genome comparisons revealed 35 new SE members with identifiable termini. SEs are present at 1 to 2 copies per replicon and are 15.7 kb long in the median. Three newly identified SE members carry antimicrobial resistance genes, like tmexCD-toprJ, mcr-9, and blaVHH. Further experiments validated that three new SE members possess strand-biased copy-out activity.ConclusionsThis study identified three SE core genes essential for SE circularization. The main hosts of SEs are a subset of free-living Gammaproteobacteria, which are rather narrow among the usual host range of mobile DNA element families discovered to date. As the host range, genetic organization, and movements are unique among the mobile DNA elements, SE and its distant relative, GInt, provide a new model system for the host-mobile DNA element coevolution studies.
Diagnostic biomarkers for skin aging
Authors: Wang Miaohao , Ma Qichao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to identify potential diagnostic markers associated with skin aging and determine the association of these markers with N6-methyladenosine. Microarray data of differentially expressed genes in skin fibroblasts of elderly (~ 90 years old) and young (~ 20 years old) individuals were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (GSE28300) database, and systematic Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed. The interactions among different proteins were predicted using a search tool (STRING) that retrieves interacting genes. Next, the MCC and MCODE algorithms in the cytoHubba plugin were used to screen three key genes in the network. Finally, we investigated the relationship between skin aging and N6-methyladenosine. We identified 63 upregulated and 51 downregulated genes by screening related genes in skin fibroblasts of the elderly and young individuals. Based on the screening results, we identified that NOTCH3, GLI2, and SOX9 play key roles in skin aging. In addition, VIRMA methylation was found to be related to skin aging. We concluded that NOTCH3, GLI2, and SOX9 are biomarkers of skin aging, and inhibiting the expression of these genes may reduce the rate of skin aging. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging.
Dopaminergic signaling is linked to neurodevelopmental deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Chai Rui , Lin Jiaqi , Cai Yunyun , Liu Tianqing , Lai BiQin , Chen Gang , Xing Lingyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neural circuit defects are a prominent feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the specific defects in neural circuits and the resulting pathogenesis are not well understood. We conducted a systematic analysis of two ASD datasets and found alterations in multiple neurodevelopmental pathways and in dopaminergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, the dopaminergic signaling pathways are associated with neurodevelopmental pathways in patients with ASD. We also discovered that disruption of the dopaminergic system leads to neural circuit formation defects. Our study suggests a new therapeutic target for ASD.
A novel defined necroptosis-related lncRNAs signature for predicting the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhai Kui , Han Hao , Chen Cheng , Gong Ming , Fang Shixu , Long Kaijun , Liu Tao , Ke Xixian , Xu Gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Faced with the current poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer, this topic attempts to find new potential prognostic biomarkers to improve the situation.Materials and Methods: To form the synthetic matrix, we searched GTEX and The Cancer Genome Atlas for NSCLC transcriptomic data.The necroptosis-related prognostic factor LncRNAs were identified by co-expression analysis and univariate COX regression analysis, and the necroptosis-related LncRNA model was constructed using the least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO).Models were then validated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC), univariate COX (uni-COX) regression, multivariate COX (MULTI-COX) regression, nomograms and calibration curves and evaluation.Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed in high-risk groups.Results: We constructed a model containing 4 lncRNAs associated with necroptosis.In the model, we found that the calibration map was in good agreement with prognosis prediction.The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 0.663, 0.623, and 0.595, respectively.In conclusion, the results of this project support that necroptosis-related lncRNAs can predict prognosis and help to improve individualized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Conclusion: Necroptosis-related lncRNAs could help to suggest developable therapeutic strategies that would greatly enhance the level of individualized therapy and improv patient outcomes.
The predictive value of CT-assessed sarcopenia for complicated appendicitis in geriatric patients
Authors: Yildirim Ali Cihat , Atlanoglu Sahinde , Gedik Mehmet Ali , Zeren Sezgin , Ekici Mehmet Fatih 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeAcute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical pathologies. Geriatric appendicitis patients have more complicated appendicitis, which leads to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Sarcopenia is an emerging concern among geriatric patients and has been shown to have a negative impact on patients undergoing emergency surgery.Our primary aim in this study is to reveal the predictive value of computerised tomography (CT)-assessed sarcopenia for complicated appendicitis in geriatric patients.Methods154 acute appendicitis patients of geriatric age with preoperative contrast-enhanced abdominal CT were analysed. Patients’ age, gender, appendicitis status and BMI values were analysed. CT-assessed sarcopenia value, SMI (Skeletal Muscle Index) and related measurements were evaluated by two senior radiologists. Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive and inferential statistical methods, as applicable.Results52% of the patients had complicated (n=80) and 48% had uncomplicated appendicitis (n:74). There was no difference in gender distribution between uncomplicated and complicated cases. There was a statistically significant difference between uncomplicated and complicated cases in terms of BMI, SMI and muscle area values (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference for subcutaneous fatty tissue area between uncomplicated and complicated cases (p<0.10). The cut-off point by ROC analysis was conducted for CT-assessed sarcopenia index and showed 71% sensitivity and 52% specificity (p=0.042). ConclusionGeriatric patients who have lower BMI, decreased muscle area and CT-detected sarcopenia have an increased risk of complicated appendicitis. Surgeons should be aware of factors leading to complicated appendicitis, which may cause higher morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients.
Electrically Pumped Lasing from Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Zheng Wanhua , Wang Yufei , Wang Mingjin , Fu Ting , Zhou Xuyan , Wang Xueyou , Liu Wenzhen , Fan Jian , Qi Aiyi , Li Guixin , Kivshar Yuri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical metacavities based on periodic dielectric structures can support radiationless bound states in the continuum (BICs) with strong confinement of light. In experiment, such BICs can be observed as quasi-BIC modes with very large but finite quality factors (Q factors), and they can be employed to realize and control lasing action at ultralow powers. All BIC lasers demonstrated so far are optically pumped. Here, we report on the first realization of electrically pumped BIC laser operating at room temperatures and employing interfering resonances in photonic-crystal metacavities with the power of about 3 mW and the lasing threshold below 375 mA. Our cost-effective fabrication approach and the electrical pumping pave a way for many applications of the BIC lasers in optical communications, sensing, and quantum information processing.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of New Critical Care Practices during COVID-19: A Multicenter Qualitative Study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Silver Santana , Jones Kayla Christine , Redmond Sarah , George Emily , Zornes Sarah , Barwise Amelia , Leppin Aaron , Dong Yue , Harmon Lori A. , Kumar Vishakha K. , Kordik Christina , Walkey Allan , Drainoni Mari-Lynn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic produced unprecedented demands and rapidly changing evidence and practices within critical care settings. The purpose of this study was to identify factors and strategies that hindered and facilitated effective implementation of new critical care practices and policies in response to the pandemic.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional, qualitative study design to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with critical care leaders across the United States. The interviews were audio-taped and professionally transcribed verbatim. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), three qualitative researchers used rapid analysis methods to develop relevant codes and identify salient themes.

Results

Among the 17 hospitals that agreed to participate in this study, 31 clinical leaders were interviewed. The CFIR-driven rapid analysis of the interview transcripts generated 12 major themes, which included six implementation facilitators (i.e., factors that promoted the implementation of new critical care practices) and six implementation barriers (i.e., factors that hindered the implementation of new critical care practices). These themes spanned the five CFIR domains (Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, Characteristics of Individuals, and Process) and 11 distinct CFIR constructs. Salient facilitators to implementation efforts included staff resilience, commitment, and innovation, which were supported through collaborative feedback and decision-making mechanisms between leadership and frontline staff. Major identified barriers included lack of access to reliable and transferable information, available resources, uncollaborative leadership and communication styles.

Conclusions

Through applying the CFIR to organize and synthesize our qualitative data, this study revealed important insights into implementation determinants that influenced the uptake of new critical care practices during COVID-19. As the pandemic continues to burden critical care units, clinical leaders should consider emulating the effective change management strategies identified. The cultivation of streamlined, engaging, and collaborative leadership and communication mechanisms not only supported implementation of new care practices across sites, but it also helped reduce salient implementation barriers, particularly resource and staffing shortages. Future critical care implementation studies should seek to capitalize on identified facilitators and reduce barriers.
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 gamma on Young Adults in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Spira Beny 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gamma SARS-CoV-2 variant that emerged by the end of 2020 in the Brazilian Amazon quickly spread throughout the country causing a harsh COVID-19 2nd wave. This variant displayed high viral loads, high transmissibility and increased virulence compared to previous variants. In the state of São Paulo, the most populous state of Brazil, the toll of the COVID-19 2nd wave surpassed that of the the first eleven months of the pandemic (from March 2020 to January 2021), as 56% of the deaths occurred in the five months of the 2nd wave, between February and June 2021. The mean age of COVID-19 victims dropped even further in the pandemic's 2nd wave, declining from an average of 70 to 60 years old; the years of life lost per death per month doubled and the case-fatality rate of young adults (20-39 years old) more than trebled during this period. Herein the evolution and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of of the pandemic 2nd wave in the state of São Paulo is revisited. Several hypotheses that might explain the emergence and spread of the gamma variant as well as the measures that could have been taken to prevent the selection and minimise the impact of this deadly variant are raised and discussed.
Black Holes as Geometric Distortional Extrema
Authors: koehler dale 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Plectin promotes melanoma tumor formation by regulation of Rous sarcoma oncogene activity
Authors: Mizuta Kana , Matsubara Takuma , Goto Akino , Addison William N. , Nakatomi Mitsushiro , Matsuo Kou , Tada-Shigeyama Yukiyo , Honda Hiromi , Yoshioka Izumi , Kokabu Shoichiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant tumor that is characterized by high proliferation and aggressive metastasis. To address the efficient treatment of melanoma, the molecular mechanisms of the proto-oncogene, Rous sarcoma oncogene (Src), which is highly activated and promotes cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and metastasis in melanoma, should be understood. Plectin has recently been identified as an Src-binding protein that regulates Src activity in osteoclasts. Plectin, a cytoskeleton-regulatory protein, is a candidate biomarker of certain tumors because of its high expression and the target of anti-tumor reagents such as ruthenium pyridinecarbothioamide, although the molecular mechanisms by which plectin works in melanoma are still unclear. In this study, we examined its pathological role in melanoma tumor formation. Methods We established plectin knock-out B16 cells, the mouse melanoma cell line, with CRISPR/Cas9 system. The expression of plectin and activity of Src were examined by western blotting analysis. The tumors were formed at 2 weeks after subcutaneous injection of B16 cells in nude mice and analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8, expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67. Cell aggregation and adhesion were assessed by spheroid formation and cell adhesion assay.Results Depletion of plectin induced low-density and sparce tumor formation by melanoma cells in vivo. In vitro experiments revealed that plectin-deficient melanomas exhibit reduced cell proliferation and suppressed cell-to-cell adhesion. Because Src activity is reduced in plectin-deficient melanomas, we examined the relationship between plectin and Src signaling. Src overexpression restored Src activity and rescued cell proliferation and cell-to-cell adhesion in plectin-deficient melanomas. Conclusion: These results suggest that plectin is required for tumor formation by promoting cell proliferation and cell-to-cell adhesion through Src signaling activity in melanoma cells.
Projected Changes in Rainfall Over Uganda Based on CMIP6 Models
Authors: Ngoma Hamida , Ayugi Brian , Onyutha Charles , Babaousmail Hassen , Sian Kenny Lim , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Mumo Richard , Ongoma Victor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Information about likely future patterns of climate variables is important in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study investigates future (2021–2100) changes in rainfall based on CMIP6 datasets over Uganda. The projection period was divided into two sub-periods: 2021–2060 (near future) and 2061–2100 (far future), relative to the baseline period (1985–2014). Two emission scenarios: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, were considered. The results reveal a larger decrease (increase) in rainfall during March – April (November – December) under both SSPs. Moreover, an enhanced decline (increase) is projected under SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5). The spatial distribution of future changes in seasonal rainfall reveals a decrease in MAM rainfall in the near future over most parts of the country under both emission scenarios. However, a recovery is exhibited towards the end of the century with more increase in the south-western parts of the country, and a higher magnitude under SSP5-8.5. In contrast, SON rainfall reveals wetter conditions during both timelines and emission scenarios. Maximum (minimum) wet conditions are expected in the north-western parts of the country (around the Lake Victoria basin). The linear trend analysis shows a non-significant (Z = -0.714) decreasing trend for MAM rainfall during the historical period. This pattern is reflected in the near future with z-scores of -0.757 and − 1.281 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. However, a significant increase for MAM and annual rainfall (z-scores of 2.785 and 3.46, respectively) is projected towards the end of the century under SSP5-8.5. These findings provide guidance to policy makers in devising appropriate adaptation measures to cope with expected changes in the local climate. Given the increase in intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall over the study region, future work should focus on examining projected changes in rainfall extremes under different global warming scenarios with consideration of model performance and independence.
Recent Progress of Bioactivities, Mechanisms of Action, Total Synthesis,
Structural Modifications and Structure-activity Relationships of Indole
Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Tianze 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) containing a pyrrolyl ring possesses the characteristic of electron-
rich aromatic compounds. Indole occurs in the oil of jasmine and cloves and coal tar. Additionally,
it is also present as a putrefaction product from animals' intestines. Notably, indole and its derivatives
exhibit a wide range of biological properties, such as anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-cancer, antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anti-diabetic, antituberculosis,
anti-oxidant, anti-coronavirus, and antifungal activities. In this mini-review, recent advances
in biological activities, mechanisms of action, total synthesis, structural modifications, and
structure-activity relationships of indole and its derivatives from 2018 to 2020 are described. We hope
the present paper can pave the way for future design, development, and application of indole derivatives
as potent drugs.
Current Trends in Computational Chemistry for Breast Cancer
Authors: Paliwal Deepika , Gupta Utsav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a condition in which body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the
body or grow at a particular location. Depending on their location, cancer is named or categorized. Breast
cancer is the second most constantly determined and one of the prime reasons for cancer death among
females. Many external factors like carcinogenic agents and internal factors like genetic factors are responsible
for causing breast cancer in females. Additionally, the threat of breast cancer occurrences increases
with age and non-success in treatment. The current methods and treatments utilized in treating,
diagnosing and predicating breast cancer in the present world are not very advanced. Therefore, over
time, the desire to analyze the factors facilitating the succession of breast cancer, prediction, and reduction
in the time taken for diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery for breast cancer has increased. However,
traditional methods make it hard to study prediction, diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery for
breasts. Therefore, computational approaches like artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, quantitative
structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies, and molecular docking are used to analyze those things.
This article discusses current trends in computational chemistry in different fields.