bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A local singularity analysis for the Ricci flow and its applications to Ricci flows with bounded scalar curvature
Authors: Buzano Reto , Di Matteo Gianmichele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe develop a refined singularity analysis for the Ricci flow by investigating curvature blow-up rates locally. We first introduce general definitions of Type I and Type II singular points and show that these are indeed the only possible types of singular points. In particular, near any singular point the Riemannian curvature tensor has to blow up at least at a Type I rate, generalising a result of Enders, Topping and the first author that relied on a global Type I assumption. We also prove analogous results for the Ricci tensor, as well as a localised version of Sesum’s result, namely that the Ricci curvature must blow up near every singular point of a Ricci flow, again at least at a Type I rate. Finally, we show some applications of the theory to Ricci flows with bounded scalar curvature.
P2Y1 agonist HIC in combination with androgen receptor inhibitor abiraterone acetate impairs cell growth of prostate cancer
Authors: Le Hien Thi Thu , Murugesan Akshaya , Candeias Nuno R. , Ramesh Thiyagarajan , Yli-Harja Olli , Kandhavelu Meenakshisundaram 
Published: February 2022

AbstractP2Y receptors belong to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and play a crucial role in cell death and survival. P2Y1 receptor has been identified as a marker for prostate cancer (PCa). A previously unveiled selective P2Y1 receptor agonist, the indoline-derived HIC (1-(1-((2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)indoline-4-carbonitrile), induces a series of molecular and biological responses in PCa cells PC3 and DU145, but minimal toxicity to normal cells. Here, we evaluated the combinatorial effect of HIC with abiraterone acetate (AA) targeted on androgen receptor (AR) on the inhibition of PCa cells. Here, the presence of HIC and AA significantly inhibited cell proliferation of PC3 and DU145 cells with time-dependent manner as a synerfistic combination. Moreover, it was also shown that the anticancer and antimetastasis effects of the combinratorial drugs were noticed through a decrease in colony-forming ability, cell migration, and cell invasion. In addition, the HIC + AA induced apoptotic population of PCa cells as well as cell cycle arrest in G1 progression phase. In summary, these studies show that the combination of P2Y1 receptor agonist, HIC and AR inhibitor, AA, effectively improved the antitumor activity of each drug. Thus, the combinatorial model of HIC and AA should be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for treating prostate cancer.
Insider accounts of dyslexia from research mathematicians
Authors: Lambert Rachel , Harriss Edmund 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin educational research, dyslexia and other disabilities are typically conceptualized as deficits. The theory of neurodiversity encourages researchers to conceptualize cognitive differences as natural forms of human diversity with unique sets of challenges and strengths. Using neurodiversity as our theoretical framework, we analyze the experiences of five research mathematicians with dyslexia as told through personal narratives to find common strengths and challenges for dyslexic thinkers at the highest level of mathematics. We report on 4 themes: (1) highly visual and intuitive ways of mathematical thinking, (2) issues with language and translation between forms, (3) issues with memorization of mathematical facts and procedures, and (4) resilience as a strength of dyslexia that matters in mathematics. We use our participants’ insights to explore how neurodiversity, a theory of cognitive disability developed by and for neurodiverse people, could expand opportunities for research. We call for mathematics educators to consider the strengths and challenges of dyslexic learners, as well as valuing expertise from insider perspectives.
Mitigation of groundwater iron-induced clogging by low-cost bioadsorbent in open loop geothermal heat pump systems
Authors: Fujita Claudia , Akhtar M. Shahbaz , Hidaka Ray , Nishigaki Makoto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGreen energy production from natural resources can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants from burning of fossil fuels in power plants. Recently, groundwater geothermal energy (GGE) is harnessed by deploying closed- and open-loop heat systems. In open-loop geothermal heat pump systems (OLGHPS), groundwater is reinjected into aquifer after harnessing GGE. Nevertheless, OLGHPS face noxious clogging issue because of elusive chemistry (corrosion or precipitation) of chemical species, principally of iron (Fe), in pipes and aquifers during reinjection process via oxidation reactions. Plethora of filtering materials are available for removal of ions, but these are quite expensive and environmentally unsafe. More recently, low-cost, eco-friendly, green filtering materials gain much interest. These materials can remove ions from groundwater that can minimize clogging in heat exchange systems, injection wells, and aquifer. In the present study, three filtering materials, i.e., wooden charcoal (biomaterial), yamazuna fine sand, and volcanic ash, were tested to estimate their Fe removal capacity. In upward flow mode with minimum oxygen-water contact, serial column (each with 6 ports) experiments were conducted under constant pressure head and constant velocity conditions. Columns were connected to well water having dissolved Fe concentration of 10.85 mg L−1. Sampling was done at the well, column inlets, column’s six sampling ports and column outlets, and samples were analyzed for Fe by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Related tested parameters include pH, EC, temperature, turbidity, porosity, particle diameter, and dissolved oxygen. Volcanic ash showed less Fe removal, while sand filter showed substantial reduction in velocity. Biomaterial (wooden charcoal) displayed higher Fe adsorption capacity compared to other materials that can be ascribed to its surface chemistry and functional groups. Under different flow rates, maximum Fe content of 3.5 g Fe kg−1 dry charcoal was obtained. By considering a safety factor and influence of groundwater composition, it is possible to design a biomaterial-based iron filter system to minimize Fe-induced chemical clogging in OLGHPS which is an eco-friendly, green energy source.
Fractional boundary value problems
Authors: D’Ovidio Mirko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study some functionals associated with a process driven by a fractional boundary value problem (FBVP for short). By FBVP we mean a Cauchy problem with boundary condition written in terms of a fractional equation, that is an equation involving time-fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo. We focus on lifetimes and additive functionals characterizing the boundary conditions. We show that the corresponding additive functionals are related to the fractional telegraph equations. Moreover, the fractional order of the derivative gives a unified condition including the elastic and the sticky cases among the others.
Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels are reduced and inversely associated with intrahepatic lipid content and saturated fatty acid fraction in adult patients with glycogen storage disease type 1a
Authors: Simons P. I. H. G. , Valkenburg O. , Telgenkamp I. , van der Waaij K. M. , de Groot D. M. , Veeraiah P. , Bons J. A. P. , Derks T. G. J. , Schalkwijk C. G. , Schrauwen-Hinderling V. B. , Stehouwer C. D. A. , Brouwers M. C. G. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
De novo lipogenesis has been inversely associated with serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. However, the directionality of this association has remained uncertain. We, therefore, studied individuals with glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD1a), who are characterized by a genetic defect in glucose-6-phosphatase resulting in increased rates of de novo lipogenesis, to assess the downstream effect on serum SHBG levels.

Methods
A case–control study comparing serum SHBG levels in patients with GSD1a (n = 10) and controls matched for age, sex, and BMI (n = 10). Intrahepatic lipid content and saturated fatty acid fraction were quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results
Serum SHBG levels were statistically significantly lower in patients with GSD1a compared to the controls (p = 0.041), while intrahepatic lipid content and intrahepatic saturated fatty acid fraction—a marker of de novo lipogenesis—were significantly higher in patients with GSD1a (p = 0.001 and p = 0.019, respectively). In addition, there was a statistically significant, inverse association of intrahepatic lipid content and saturated fatty acid fraction with serum SHBG levels in patients and controls combined (β: − 0.28, 95% CI: − 0.47;− 0.09 and β: − 0.02, 95% CI: − 0.04;− 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion
Patients with GSD1a, who are characterized by genetically determined higher rates of de novo lipogenesis, have lower serum SHBG levels than controls.
The Relationship Between Fuzzy Soft and Soft Topologies
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper attempts to forward both soft topology and fuzzy soft topology with a pioneering analysis of their mutual relationships. With each soft topology we associate a parameterized family of fuzzy soft topologies called its t-pushes. And each fuzzy soft topology defines a parameterized family of soft topologies called its t-throwbacks. Different soft topologies produce different t-pushes. But we prove by example that not all fuzzy soft topologies are characterized by their t-throwbacks. The import of these constructions is that some properties stated in one setting can be investigated in the other setting. Our conclusions should fuel future research on both fuzzy soft topology and soft topology.
How Outsourcing Social Services to NGOs Bolsters Political Trust in China: Evidence from Shanghai
Authors: Song Esther Eunhou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Chinese Communist Party has recently acknowledged its attempts to bolster good governance by outsourcing public and social service functions to social organizations—non-profit organizations, either created by relevant government bureaus, developed through non-profit incubators, or voluntarily created civil society groups. Do these services gender political trust for the party-state? Using matching methods on an original survey data collected in communities in Shanghai, this article reveals two important findings. (1) Service efficacy—the internal belief that one can affect the content of the services show strong correlation with political trust and the relationship is stronger than that between service quality and political support. (2) There is strong evidence for credit transfer—whilst accountability for these services is attributed to grassroots actors and there is strong correlation between service efficacy and political support, political support increases only for the central government level. The results show how the new programs of social service outsourcing and incorporation of non-governmental organizations in service provision can increase support for the party-state.
Injury Rates, Patterns, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors Among Competitive Youth Climbers in the United States
Authors: Barrile Ashley M. , Feng Sing-Yi , Nesiama Jo-Ann , Huang Craig 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Competitive rock climbing is a fast-growing sport. Despite comprehensive reviews on adult climbing-related injuries, few pediatric-specific reviews exist, and studies exclusively on competitive youth climbers are needed. Objectives of this study include 1) estimating the injury rate (IR); 2) describing injury patterns and mechanisms; and 3) identifying injury risk factors in competitive youth climbers. Methods The study design was cross-sectional. Competitive youth climbers were included. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire to document climbing injuries over the preceding 12 mo. Demographic data and data regarding injuries were collected. The IR was calculated. Analyses were performed to assess association between injury and multiple variables. Multivariate logistic regression was completed for significant variables to control for exposure time. Results The IR was 2.7 injuries per 1000 climbing hours. Hand/Finger injuries were most frequent; chronic overuse was the most common etiology. Injury severity was low overall. Risk factors significantly associated with climbing injury were climbing discipline (bouldering > sport/lead climbing), return to climbing while still in pain, finger taping, higher number of hours climbed per session and per year, climbing at higher bouldering difficulties, and unsupervised climbing. Conclusions The IR in competitive youth climbers was found to be lower than previously reported but higher than suggested by adult studies or those that exclude chronic injuries. Findings are consistent with types, severity, and mechanisms reported in other studies. Modifiable risk factors, especially return to climbing while still injured, warrant further prospective investigation.
“Ptychoparioid” trilobites of the Harkless Formation and Mule Spring Limestone (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), Clayton Ridge, Nevada
Authors: Sundberg Frederick A. , Webster Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarly “ptychoparioid” trilobites are likely to play a crucial role in determining the currently unresolved phylogenetic relationships among the numerous Cambrian libristomate clades. However, such phylogenetic analyses are hindered by the fact that many species and genera of early “ptychoparioids” are known from very limited material and are typically defined only on cranidial features. Herein, we report new “ptychoparioid” assemblages from the Saline Valley Tongue, Harkless Formation at Clayton Ridge, Nevada. These middle to upper Dyeran Stage (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) assemblages contain well-preserved early “ptychoparioids” that are represented by articulated exoskeletons as well as isolated cranidia, rostral plates, librigenae, thoracic segments, and pygidia, which together provide morphological details for the complete or nearly complete exoskeleton of three new genera and four new species: Anebocephalus silverpeakensis n. gen. n. sp.; Coenoides scholteni n. gen. n. sp.; Harklessaspis rasettii n. gen. n. sp.; and H. parvigranulosus n. gen. n. sp. Pending a formal phylogenetic analysis, it is deemed preferable to assign these taxa to new genera rather than to shoehorn them in to potentially ill-diagnosed existing genera. These new genera are compared to the Cambrian Series 2 taxa Crassifimbra and Eokochaspis, and the Miaolingian Series taxon Elrathina, which are similar in morphology and known from sclerites other than just cranidia.Also documented in this study are the “ptychoparioids” Crassifimbra walcotti, Cr.? sp. A, Cr. sp. B, and “ptychoparioid” spp. A, B, C, and D from the Saline Valley Tongue and the overlying Mule Spring Limestone and lowermost Emigrant Formation.UUID: http://zoobank.org/864d4005-2676-4f3f-b676-911efde7d263
Policy Legacies, Sociopolitical Coalitions, and the Limits of the Right Turn in Latin America: The Argentine Case in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Vommaro Gabriel , Gené Mariana 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAfter more than a decade of leftist governments in Latin America, the left turn began to reverse course, giving way to the rise of rightist political forces. Even moderate right-wing governments undertook reforms to reduce public spending. This agenda, however, encountered important obstacles. Focusing on the 2017 Argentine pension reform and based on extensive qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with key players, the findings here uphold previous work on the strength of policy legacies in opposition to promarket reforms. This study contributes to the existing theory by showing that protests against retrenchment favor the formation of opposition coalitions only in places where left-leaning governments had established inroads with organized popular sectors, maintaining relationships of coordination and collaboration. In these cases, the cost of specific reforms can jeopardize the broader project of retrenchment.
Do citizens vote against incumbents who permit local immigration? Evidence from the Mariel Boatlift
Authors: Thompson Daniel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoes exposure to a mass migration event cause citizens to vote against incumbents? I offer an answer to this question by studying one of the largest acute periods of migration in the US, the case of the 1980 Mariel Boatlift during which roughly 125,000 Cubans fled to South Florida. I estimate the change in support for Republican presidential candidates in Miami using the synthetic control method and fixed effects regressions with a panel of county-level and archival precinct-level election results. I find that, while Miami voters dramatically increased their support of the Republican candidate in 1980, this shift was not a local consequence of the Boatlift. Instead, the evidence suggests that Cuban support for Reagan was not a local Miami response to the Boatlift—it happened in Cuban communities throughout the US—but it was most noticeable in Miami because Miami had the largest Cuban population in the US even before the Boatlift. I also present evidence that this change in Cuban voting may have been specific to Reagan and not a broader shift against incumbents or toward Republicans. These findings suggest that, in this case, direct exposure to migration did not lead citizens to dramatically change their voting behavior.
Yield-limiting plant nutrients for maize production in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Tadele , Alemu Erkihun , Bazie Zerfu , Woubet Asmare , Kidanu Selamyihun , Alemayehu Beamlaku , Awoke Abrham , Derebe Assefa , Feyisa Tesfaye , Tamene Lulseged , Kerebh Bitewlgn , Wale Sefinew , Mulualem Aweke 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe potential yield of improved maize varieties usually cannot be fully realised mainly due to inappropriate soil nutrient management practices in most parts of Ethiopia. Site-specific fertiliser recommendations are rarely used in the farming systems of Ethiopia. There is also a lack of data to develop or validate decision support tools for targeting specific crop production. A study was conducted for three consecutive rainy seasons (2016–2018) in the maize belt of the north-western parts of the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. The objectives were to obtain the maximum achievable yield potential of maize, determine the most yield-limiting nutrients and create a database of maize responses to applied nutrients so that decision support tools could be developed for the study areas. Treatments were individual nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) and combinations of the three. In some treatments, NPK was also combined with sulphur, zinc, lime and compost. Two hybrid maize varieties (BH-540 and BH-660) adaptable to the study areas were used. BH-540 was used for the Mecha district, while BH-660 was used for the south Achefer, Jabitahnan–Burrie–Womberma districts. Maize yield increased by more than 50% due to fertiliser applications compared to without fertiliser. The study showed that the possibility of increasing maize productivity to more than 12 t ha-1for the study sites. The most yield-limiting nutrient in the study sites was N, followed by P; K was not a yield limiting. Without N the yield of both varieties was non-significant from the control (without added nutrients). Maize grain yield did not respond to application of lime, compost, zinc and sulphur. The result also showed very high variability across sites, indicating that it is important for policymakers, farmers and investors to consider site-specific fertiliser recommendations. Finally, a database containing intensive plant response to NPK for maize was generated and could be used as input in site-specific decision support tools development.
Association between female genital mutilation and girl-child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Hagan John Elvis , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Budu Eugene , Adu Collins , Okyere Joshua , Archer Anita Gracious , Schack Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo commonly linked harmful practices that negatively impact the health of girls and women in sub-Saharan Africa, and threaten their development and quality of life, are female genital mutilation and girl-child marriage. The central focus of the study was to investigate the association between female genital mutilation and girl-child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of twelve sub-Sahara African countries were pooled. A total of 14,748 women aged 20–24 were included in the study. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed, with reported adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall prevalence of FGM in the twelve countries was 52.19%, with the highest prevalence in Guinea (97.17%). The overall prevalence of girl-child marriage in the twelve countries was 57.96%, with the highest prevalence in Chad (78.06%). Women who had never experienced female genital mutilation were less likely to experience girl-child marriage (aOR=0.76, CI=0.71–0.82) compared with those who had ever experienced female genital mutilation. Age 24 (aOR=0.47, CI=0.43–0.52), secondary/higher level of education (aOR=0.31, CI=0.28–0.35), richest wealth quintile (aOR=0.56, CI=0.47–0.66), exposure to mass media (aOR=0.81, CI=0.74–0.88) medium community literacy level (aOR=0.63, CI=0.57–0.69) and low community socioeconomic status (aOR=0.67, CI=0.49–0.92) were found to be protective against girl-child marriage. The findings reveal that female genital mutilation is associated with girl-child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. The continued practice will adversely affect the reproductive health outcomes of girls in the sub-region. Policies aimed at eliminating female genital mutilation and girl-child marriage should focus on compulsory basic education, poverty alleviation and increasing access to mass media. Further, campaigns should cover more communities with lower literacy levels and medium socioeconomic status.
Anatomical configurations of the optic canal in the sphenoid sinus in a Hispanic population: computed tomography based study
Authors: Treviño-Gonzalez J L , Santos-Santillana K M , Maldonado-Chapa F , Morales-Del Angel J A , Becerra-Jimenez J A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of the optic canal anatomical variants across the sphenoid sinus varies widely among different ethnic groups. This study aimed to analyse the anatomical variants of the optic canal and their relationship to sphenoid sinus pneumatisation in a Hispanic population.MethodA review of 320 sphenoid sinuses by high-resolution computed tomography was performed. DeLano's classification of the optic canal, presence of dehiscence, septa insertion, sphenoid sinus pneumatisation and presence of Onodi cells were established.ResultsDehiscence of the optic canal was observed in 4.7 per cent (n =15) of the analysed sinuses. Type 4 and 3 optic canals were significantly more frequent among postsellar sphenoid sinuses than other patterns of sphenoid sinus pneumatisation (p =0.002 andp =0.018). A type 4 optic canal has a higher tendency to present inserted septum than other optic canal types (p =0.014).ConclusionThis study described the optic canal variants in a Hispanic population, which complements existing literature addressing other ethnicities.