bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual risk of hepatitis B virus transmission through blood donations in Burkina Faso screened with rapid diagnostic tests
Authors: Sanou Armel M. , Nikièma Achille S. , Zalla Seimbou , Ouattara Mamadou , Dakouo Nina Pascaline S. , Kiba‐Koumare Alice , Seynou Mariam , Napon‐Zongo Delphine , Sombié Roger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and Aimshepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent the major transfusion–transmissible pathogens worldwide. The risk of transmission is relatively high in African countries, mainly due to unreliable screening methods of blood donations. In Burkina Faso, predonation screening using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is widespread, raising the major question of the transfusion safety in the country. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV through blood transfusion in the context of the use of RDTs for screening of the blood donations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 417 serum samples obtained from blood donors tested negative for HBsAg, anti‐HCV, and anti‐HIV using RDTs were retested for the same markers using chemiluminescent immunologic assays. Total antibodies to HBV core (anti‐HBc) were tested on randomly selected samples. HBV‐DNA and HCV‐RNA viral loads (VLs) were quantified on HBsAg and anti‐HCV positive samples, respectively. To assess possible occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), HBV‐DNA‐VL was quantified on 313 randomly selected HBsAg‐negative samples.ResultsHBsAg and anti‐HCV were found respectively in 6 (6/417; 1.4%) and 11 (11/417; 2.6%) samples. No samples were reactive for anti‐HIV. Total anti‐HBc were detected in 217 out of the 319 randomly selected samples (217/319; 68.02%). HBV‐DNA was detected in four (4/313; 1.27%) samples, including two (2/6; 33.33%) of the six HBsAg positive samples and two (2/313; 0.6%) of the HBsAg‐negative samples, suggesting two cases of occult HBV infection. All anti‐HCV antibody‐positive samples were HCV‐RNA negative.ConclusionThis study shows that RDTs are not sufficiently sensitive for the screening of blood donations. Our results highlight the urgent need to think about the extension of sensitive immunological tests in all blood transfusion centers and also the implementation of nucleic acid amplification techniques.
COVID‐19‐related stigma and its impact on psychological distress: A cross‐sectional study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhou Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth‐related stigma arises from the perceived association between a person or group of certain characteristics and a specific disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has brought about stigma targeted at individuals and groups who are perceived to be connected with the virus. Wuhan of China was not only the locale where the first COVID‐19 cases were detected in the world but was also the hardest hit across China.MethodsUsing new data (N = 1153) from a survey conducted in Wuhan in August 2020, this cross‐sectional study aims to reveal the stigma experienced by residents in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of this experienced stigma on psychological distress, specifically posttraumatic stress disorder.Results69.47% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66.81%─72.13%) of the surveyed Wuhan residents have experienced some forms of stigma related to COVID‐19. The average posttraumatic stress disorder score based on the impact of event scale–revised is 20.28 (95% CI: 19.096─21.468) out of 88. In particular, 27.75% (95% CI: 25.17%─30.34%) of the respondents display clinically significant distress symptoms. Moreover, this stigma not only aggravates individuals' posttraumatic stress disorder score by 10.652 (95% CI: 8.163─13.141) but also elevates the chance of developing clinically significant distress symptoms. Specifically, the probability of clinical distress is significantly higher (p < 0.001) among those who have experienced stigma (33.66%) than those who have no such experiences (12.62%).ConclusionThe public should be aware of the distress‐inducing impact of stigma related to COVID‐19 and prevent it from causing more harm to certain individuals and groups.
Impact of high‐dose vitamin C on the mortality, severity, and duration of hospital stay in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bhowmik Khokon Kanti , Barek Md. Abdul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Mohammad Safiqul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsVitamin C has been predicted to be effective as an antioxidant in treating various ailments, including viral infections such as pervasive coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). With this meta‐analysis, we looked to ascertain the relationship between high‐dose vitamin C administration and mortality, severity, and length of hospitalization of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe collected articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SAGE, and Cochrane databases between January 1, 2020, and May 30, 2022. Odds ratio (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value were calculated to assess the connection of high‐dose vitamin C in COVID‐19 patients' mortality and severity. The length of hospitalization was calculated and pooled with the mean difference (MD), 95% CI, and p value. Review manager 5.3 was used to carry out this meta‐analysis.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included 15 complete studies involving 2125 COVID‐19 patients. Our study demonstrated a significant correlation between vitamin C consumption and death. Vitamin C consumption significantly reduces mortality risk with COVID‐19 patients (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.42–0.69, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, there was a link between the severity of COVID‐19 and the intake of vitamin C. Patients who consumed vitamin C showed 0.63 times less severity than those who did not take vitamin C (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.94, p = 0.02). Patients taking vitamin C spent slightly more time in hospital than those who did not take vitamin C (MD = 0.19, 95% CI = −1.57 to 1.96, p = 0.83).ConclusionsDuring COVID‐19, there was a substantial advantage in taking supplementary vitamin C, at least in terms of severity and mortality.
Impaired wound healing is associated with poorer mood and reduced perceived immune fitness during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective survey
Authors: Balikji Jessica , Kiani Pantea , Hendriksen Pauline A. , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , Garssen Johan , Verster Joris C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic disrupted medical care of patients with chronic wounds, and in combination with other negative effects of lockdown measures, this may have a negative effect on mood and quality of life. Until now, the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated lockdowns for individuals with impaired wound healing have not been investigated.MethodsAn online survey was conducted to evaluate perceived immune fitness, mood, and health, both before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsOf the 331 Dutch pharmacy students that completed the survey, N = 42 participants reported slow healing wounds and/or wound infection and were allocated to the impaired wound healing group; the other N = 289 participants served as control group. The survey assessed mood, perceived immune fitness, and health correlates for (a) the year 2019 (the period before the lockdown), (b) the first lockdown period (March 15–May 11, 2020), (c) summer 2020 (no lockdown), and (d) the second lockdown (November 2020–April 2021). The analysis revealed that negative mood effects, reductions in quality of life, and perceived immune fitness during the two lockdowns were significantly more pronounced among individuals that reported impaired wound healing compared to the control group. The effects on mood, perceived immune fitness, and health correlates were most pronounced for the second lockdown period.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with significantly poorer mood, quality of life, and reduced perceived immune fitness. These effects are significantly more pronounced among individuals with self‐reported impaired wound healing.
Curbing antimicrobial resistance in post‐COVID Africa: Challenges, actions and recommendations
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Manirambona Emery , Suleman Mohamed Hoosen , Rayan Rehab A. , Huang Junjie , Zaw Thaint Nadi , Babatunde Yusuf , Denkyira Salomey Asaah , Musa Shuaibu Saidu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial self‐medication and use have significantly increased in the COVID‐19 era—increasing antibiotic consumption and resulting in a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Africa (AMR). We conducted a narrative review to investigate challenges associated with curbing AMR in a post‐COVID‐19 setting in Africa, suggesting practical measures applicable for policy‐informed implementation.MethodA narrative review was performed to pinpoint AMR challenges and actions on the African continent. A comprehensive search was conducted in the scientific databases that include PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar using predetermined search terms.ResultsThe emergence of the COVID‐19 outbreak has added to the challenges of tackling AMR on the continent, which has jeopardized AMR interventions' hard‐won gains. Identified challenges have been Health systems disruption, Irrational Antimicrobial Use, Weak Antimicrobials Regulatory Ecosystem, Inefficient Population Infection Prevention, and Control Practices, Inadequate access to Health Services and data challenge on AMR surveillance.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic fueled AMR in Africa. There is a need for AMR control post‐COVID, such as measures for ongoing antimicrobial stewardship and good infection control practices. Further, curbing AMR requires rigorous regulatory enforcement and efficient AMR Surveillance. There should be a body to raise AMR awareness among the population. Research, Innovation and Technology could play an essential role supported by capacity building and global partnership.
Evaluation of a technical advisory board for an occupational injury surveillance research project: A qualitative study
Authors: Vaughan Amelia , Bovbjerg Viktor , Doza Solaiman , Kincl Laurel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAdvisory boards play a key role in guiding and informing research programs, including occupational health surveillance. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these advisory boards. This report details the organization of the Risk Information System for Commercial (RISC) Fishing Technical Advisory Board (TAB), the approach taken to evaluate the TAB, and the results of the evaluation. The RISC TAB was formed to provide advice and recommendations to the study team and informed the development and use of the safety surveillance system.MethodsThe evaluation approach was informed by limited previous literature on advisory board assessments. This evaluation was conducted in Year 5 of the 6‐year project. A review of the meeting notes, materials and correspondences, and study progress was conducted internally to document input from the board and associated actions. To obtain member perspectives, we surveyed the TAB and discussed it in a subsequent TAB meeting.ResultsThe RISC Fishing TAB members constitute a wide variety of commercial fishing safety stakeholders. The internal analysis identified the main project aspects and 14 of the proposed changes from the TAB that have either been implemented or are in progress in the project. Ten of the 15 TAB members responded indicating a positive experience on board organization and conduct.ConclusionEvaluation of advisory boards is an essential part of a research program. A process is outlined in this report to inform future efforts to document measurable ways to inform projects based on advisory board feedback and reflections.
Effects of throughflow on thermosolutal penetrative convection in a fluid layer with variable gravity field
Authors: Y. H. Gangadharaiah , K. Ananda , A. S. Aruna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, the start of thermosolutal penetrative convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from below was investigated analytically and graphically in the presence of throughflow and changeable gravity field effects. The normal mode technique is used to test the system's stability properties. The mathematical expressions for stationary and oscillatory Rayleigh numbers are obtained as a function of the governing parameters. The analysis demonstrates that the vertical throughflow, gravity parameter, and heat source effect all have a considerable influence on the beginning of convective motion in double‐diffusive flow. The impacts of variable gravity, vertical throughflow, and heat source parameters, as well as other physical parameters such as Solutal Rayleigh numbers and Lewis numbers, on stationary and oscillatory convection, are studied and illustrated graphically, and some previously published results are recovered in the limiting cases.
Cross‐dispersion effect on magnetohydrodynamic dissipative Casson fluid flow via curved sheet
Authors: Lakshmi Kuresi Bhagya , Sugunamma Vangala , Tarakaramu Nainaru , Sivakumar Narsu , Sivajothi Ramalingam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examine the heat and mass transfer on magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid motion via a curved sheet. The fluid flow is assumed to be along a stretched curved sheet. The effects of Soret (“viscous dissipation”) and Dufour (“cross dispersion”) are taken into account. The governing partial differential equations have been transformed into ordinary differential equations by using relevant similarity transformations. These converted equations are solved using a combination of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg along with the shooting technique algorithm. We find out the various physical parameter behavior of , , and . We found that the (“temperature profile”) enhances while opposite behavior of (“concentration profile”) with enlarge values of and . Also, we get a good agreement with the present results when compared with the previous study.
The synergistic ameliorative activity of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha and gamma agonists, fenofibrate and pioglitazone, on hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of insulin resistance
Authors: Idowu Olumayowa K. , Oluyomi Olushola O. , Faniyan Oluwatomisin O. , Dosumu Olufunke O. , Akinola Oluwole B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been proven to mitigate the neuronal pathology associated with IR. However, the synergetic efficacy of these agonists is yet to be fully described. Hence, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of PPARα/γ agonists (fenofibrate and pioglitazone) on a high‐fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Male Wistar rats (200 ± 25 mg/body weight [BW]) were divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed on an HFD for 12 weeks coupled with 5 days of an STZ injection (30 mg/kg/BW, i.p) to induce IR. Fenofibrate (FEN; 100 mg/kg/BW, orally), pioglitazone (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally), and their combination were administered for 2 weeks postinduction. Behavioral tests were conducted, and blood was collected to determine insulin sensitivity after treatment. Animals were killed for assessment of oxidative stress, cellular morphology characterization, and astrocytic evaluation. HFD/STZ‐induced IR increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Evidence of cellular alterations and overexpression of astrocytic protein was observed in the hippocampus. By contrast, monotherapy of FEN and PIO increased the GSH level (p < 0.05), decreased the MDA level (p < 0.05), and improved cellular morphology and astrocytic expression. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to improved therapeutic activities compared to monotherapies. In conclusion, FEN and PIO exerted a therapeutic synergistic effect on HFD/STZ‐induced IR in the hippocampus.
Static and dynamic RCA analysis of India and China in world economy
Authors: Ismail Saba , Ahmed Shahid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study is an attempt to examine similarities and differences in the patterns of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of India and China in the global market at different levels of classification. The study analyses whether RCAs of these economies have undergone any structural shift/change or whether the pattern of specialization in these economies is competitive or complementary in the world market. The study reveals that India holds a comparative advantage in 9 out of 16 product groups of Harmonized System (HS) classification, 41 out of 97 HS chapters at HS 2‐digit level, and 2377 out of 4163 traded commodities at HS 6‐digit level, while China holds a comparative advantage in 6 out of 16 HS product groups, 45 out of 97 HS chapters at HS 2‐digit level, and 2075 out of 4381 traded commodities at HS 6‐digit level in 2018. Major findings suggest that both the countries have been performing well and broadly maintained their comparative advantage, especially since 2000. A comparative analysis of India and China reveals a small structural change in RCA over time in both economies at disaggregated levels. The study highlights that India and China neither have a competitive nor a complementary relationship in the global market. These findings reflect a scope of independent expansion of the economies of both India and China, without hurting mutual interest in the global market. It may be inferred from the results that mutual cooperation will enhance the competitiveness of both economies and contributes to global economic progress.
Association Between Sexual Dysfunction and Dose of Atypical Antipsychotics: Essential to Learn the Basics
Authors: Krishnegowda Scandashree , Udaykumar Padmaja , Yadiyal Aruna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is paucity of data on sexual dysfunction associated with atypical antipsychotics in Indian population. We estimated the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and assessed dose dependency, if any, in patients on monotherapy of atypical antipsychotics. This cross‐sectional study analyzed the data from patients with F20 to F29 (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, ICD‐10) receiving monotherapy of risperidone (group 1), olanzapine (group 2), or quetiapine (group 3) for at least 4 weeks. The sexual function of participants was assessed using Arizona sexual experiences (ASEX) scale. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose and doses in terms of dose years were calculated. Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. Of the 154 subjects, 65.58% were males, with 44%, 48%, and 8% receiving risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, respectively. The mean duration of treatment was 20.9 weeks. Lower ASEX scores were reported with quetiapine. The differences in mean ASEX scores between groups 1 and 2 were statistically significant for sex drive (P = .016), sexual arousal (P = .025), and overall score (P = .037). Sexual dysfunction was more frequent with risperidone (48.5%) than with olanzapine (28.4%) and quetiapine (0%). In group 1, the duration of therapy positively correlated with the mean scores of sexual desire (P = .003) and arousal (P = .033), but this was not the case for group 2 (receiving olanzapine). The mean CPZ equivalent doses were comparable between the groups (P = .064); those receiving <200 mg CPZ dose equivalents showed greater sexual impairment. We conclude that the occurrence of atypical antipsychotic‐induced sexual dysfunction is not dose dependent. Olanzapine has a better safety profile in terms of sexual dysfunction, whereas the data reflecting the experience with quetiapine are insufficient.
Early neurodevelopmental problems and risk for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in 4‐7‐year‐old children: A Japanese birth cohort study
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Yasumitsu‐Lovell Kahoko , Eitoku Masamitsu , Fujieda Mikiya , Suganuma Narufumi , Hatakenaka Yuhei , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Råstam Maria , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn overrepresentation of neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) has been observed in individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Previous studies on the association between ARFID and NDPs have been limited by cross‐sectional data from clinical samples of small size. This study aimed to extend previous research by using prospectively collected data in a non‐clinical child cohort. We examined the occurrence of early NDPs in 4–7‐year‐old children with suspected ARFID and how predictive early NDPs are of ARFID.MethodsData were collected via parent‐report a sub‐sample of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) including 3728 children born 2011–2014 in Kochi prefecture. NDPs were assessed biannually between 0.5 and 3 years of age with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐3, at age 2.5 years with the ESSENCE‐Q, and at age 1 and 3 years via parent‐reported clinical diagnoses. ARFID was identified cross‐sectionally (at age 4–7 years) using a newly developed screening tool. Logistic regressions were used to test association of (1) a composite early NDP risk score, (2) specific early NDPs, and (3) neurodevelopmental trajectories over time with ARFID.ResultsChildren in the highest risk percentiles of the NDP risk score had roughly three times higher odds of having suspected ARFID; the absolute risk of later ARFID for children above the 90th percentile was 3.1%. Early NDPs (excluding early feeding problems) were more predictive of later ARFID than were early feeding problems. Specific NDPs predictive of ARFID were problems with general development, communication/language, attention/concentration, social interaction, and sleep. Neurodevelopmental trajectories of children with and without suspected ARFID started to divert after age 1 year.ConclusionsThe results mirror the previously observed overrepresentation of NDPs in ARFID populations. In this non‐clinical child cohort, early feeding problems were common and rarely developed into ARFID; however, our findings imply that they should be monitored closely in children with high NDP risk to prevent ARFID.
The Machines Take Over: A Comparison of Various Supervised Learning Approaches for Automated Scoring of Divergent Thinking Tasks
Authors: Buczak Philip , Huang He , Forthmann Boris , Doebler Philipp 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTTraditionally, researchers employ human raters for scoring responses to creative thinking tasks. Apart from the associated costs this approach entails two potential risks. First, human raters can be subjective in their scoring behavior (inter‐rater‐variance). Second, individual raters are prone to inconsistent scoring patterns (intra‐rater‐variance). In light of these issues, we present an approach for automated scoring of Divergent Thinking (DT) Tasks. We implemented a pipeline aiming to generate accurate rating predictions for DT responses using text mining and machine learning methods. Based on two existing data sets from two different laboratories, we constructed several prediction models incorporating features representing meta information of the response or features engineered from the response’s word embeddings that were obtained using pre‐trained GloVe and Word2Vec word vector spaces. Out of these features, word embeddings and features derived from them proved to be particularly effective. Overall, longer responses tended to achieve higher ratings as well as responses that were semantically distant from the stimulus object. In our comparison of three state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms, Random Forest and XGBoost tended to slightly outperform the Support Vector Regression.