bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tendency to worse course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with obesity: MultiOrgan Inflammatory Syndromes COVID-19 related study
Authors: Gawlik Aneta Monika , Berdej-Szczot Elżbieta , Chmiel Iga , Lorek Miłosz , Antosz Aleksandra , Firek-Pędras Małgorzata , Szydłowski Lesław , Ludwikowska Kamila Maria , Okarska-Napierała Magdalena , Dudek Natalia , Piwoński Krzysztof , Afelt Aneta , Suski-Grabowski Catherine , Kursa Miron Bartosz , Kuchar Ernest , Szenborn Leszek , Jackowska Teresa , Peregud-Pogorzelski Jarosław , Mazur Artur 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundA new disease entity called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare consequence of COVID-19 infection. The pathophysiology and risk factors of MIS-C are still unclear, and the clinical manifestation ranges from milder forms to cases needing intensive care unit treatment. Based on available data, obesity is linked to pro-inflammatory stimulation. Moreover, several studies showed that obesity could play a role in COVID-19 severity and its comorbidities among the adult and children’s populations. This study aimed to investigate the influence of overweightedness/obesity in childhood for the course of MIS-C in Poland.MethodsThis study presented data from the national MultiOrgan Inflammatory Syndromes COVID-19 Related Study (MOIS-CoR) collected between 4 March 2020 and 20 February 2021. Of the 371 patients that met the Polish MIS-C criteria, 306 were included for further analysis.ResultsChildren who are obese (OB with body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile) and overweight (OV with BMI ≥85th percentile but &lt;95th percentile) (28 and 49 patients, respectively) represented 25.1% (n=77) of all recruited patients. Complete recovery at the time of discharge presented in 93% of normal body weight (NW) participants and 90% of OV children (p&gt;0.05). Among OB children, 76% recovered fully, which differed from the NW group (p=0.01). Calculated odds ratio (OR) of incomplete recovery for OB children was 4.2. Irrespective of body weight, there were no differences (p&gt;0.05) in the length of hospitalization and the duration of symptoms (for OB, 13 and 16.5 days; for OV and NW, 10 and 14 days, respectively), as well as in the frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities, necessity of oxygen therapy (OB, 26.9%; OV, 23.9%; and NW, 20.7%), and intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticosteroid (GCS) treatment.ConclusionThe higher risk of incomplete recovery and observed tendency toward a worsening course of MIS-C in patients with obesity suggest the need for further studies to confirm and understand our findings.
Development of grid-side converter-based FRT control and protection in a grid-connected solar photovoltaic park system under different control modes
Authors: Nithya C. , Roselyn J. Preetha 
Published: September 2022

In a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system, voltage dips on the grid side, increased grid current, and overshoot in the inverter’s dc-link voltage are all noticed during grid disturbances. The grid code stipulates that in order to protect the cascaded power converter systems from high currents and overvoltages, the solar PV system disconnects from the grid anytime the voltage level at PCC falls below a particular standard nominal value. This study proposes combined GSC-based fault ride-through (FRT) and protection control strategies which can provide independent real and reactive power control for the inverter for effective FRT in photovoltaic parks interconnected with a large power system during grid faults. The proposed approach operates in three modes—voltage control, power factor control, and reactive power control modes. The developed protection modules in the PV system consist of over/undervoltage protection, voltage sag detection, and overcurrent detection. The inverter-fed real–reactive power control technique limits grid overcurrent by modifying active power injection into the grid and stabilizes grid voltage during faults by injecting reactive current. The performance of the proposed FRT and protection control strategy is studied through the simulation of 75 MW PV park in the EMTP platform and the experimental setup of a 5 kVA grid-connected inverter-fed solar PV system. The simulation results and hardware discussion presented in this study validate the performance of the proposed FRT scheme in comparison with conventional control schemes during grid faults.
Self-employment, educational attainment, and hypertension among Black women and men
Authors: Bell Caryn N. , Tavares Carlos D. , Owens-Young Jessica L. , Thorpe Roland J. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSelf-employment is generally associated with better health outcomes and educational attainment can shape self-employment. Yet, Black Americans are less likely to be self-employed and analyses of self-employment and health among Black Americans are few. The aim of this study was to determine how educational attainment moderates the associations between self-employment and hypertension among Black adults.MethodsUsing data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, participants who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (n = 2,855) were categorized as (1) employees with no self-employment income, (2) employees with self-employment income, or (3) having full-time self-employment. Modified Poisson regressions and multiplicative interaction terms were used to determine whether educational attainment moderated the associations between self-employment and measured hypertension (i.e., 140/90 mm Hg or anti-hypertensive medication).ResultsMost participants were employees with no self-employment income (81.9%), but 11.8% were employees reporting some self-employment income and 6.3% were self-employed full-time. About two in five (40.9%) had hypertension. Having full-time self-employment was associated with lower risk of hypertension compared to those who were employees (risk ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–0.98), and educational attainment moderated the associations among Black men such that part-time self-employment was associated with high rates of hypertension among Black men who had not completed high school.ConclusionsThese results suggest that full-time self-employment is associated with lower risk of hypertension among Black adults, but that being an employee with some self-employment income may elevate rates of hypertension among Black men depending on educational attainment. Future studies should assess pathways between self-employment and hypertension by educational attainment among Black women and men.
Cases of tetrasomy 9p and trisomy 9p in prenatal diagnosis—Analysis of noninvasive and invasive test results
Authors: Moczulska Hanna , Pietrusinski Michal , Zezawska Karolina , Serafin Marcin , Skoczylas Beata , Jachymski Tomasz , Wojda Katarzyna , Sieroszewski Piotr , Borowiec Maciej 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Tetrasomy 9p and trisomy 9p are rare chromosomal aberrations. The phenotypes of tetrasomy 9p and trisomy 9p are variable. Most cases are diagnosed in the postnatal period. The study aims to analyze the prenatal phenotype of tetrasomy 9p and trisomy 9p in terms of ultrasound and screening tests.Methods: A set of 1573 prenatal tests performed from 2016 to 2021 was reviewed to identify all cases with trisomy 9p and tetrasomy 9p. In four cases with 9p gain, non-invasive and invasive test results were analyzed.Results: Four cases with the 9p gain were diagnosed in the prenatal period: two cases with tetrasomy 9p and two cases with trisomy 9p. Nasal bone hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly are common features of 9p gain. In two out of four cases with the 9p gain, an increased risk of trisomy 21 was found in the combined first-trimester screening test.Conclusion: Trisomy 9p and tetrasomy 9p are characterized by a variable phenotype in the prenatal period, manifesting in genetically abnormal fetuses. The tetrasomy 9p and trisomy 9p may suggest trisomy 21 in the first trimester.
The potential risk factors of early-onset post-stroke depression from immuno-inflammatory perspective
Authors: Chen Hengshu , Liu Fan , Sun Dongren , Zhang Jingyuan , Luo Shihang , Liao Qiao , Tian Fafa 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMounting evidence strongly uncovered that peripheral immuno-inflammatory response induced by acute stroke is associated with the appearance of post-stroke depression (PSD), but the mechanism remains unclear.Methods103 stroke patients were assessed at 2 weeks after onset using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and then divided into PSD and non-PSD groups. Polymorphisms of inflammatory molecules (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interferon-γ [IFN-γ] and C-reactive protein [CRP]), complete blood count parameters, splenic attenuation (SA) and splenic volume (SV) on unenhanced chest computed tomography, demographic and other clinical characteristics were obtained. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between inflammation-related factors and the occurrence of PSD at 2 weeks after stroke.Results49 patients were diagnosed with PSD at 2 weeks after onset (early-onset PSD). The C/T genotypes of CRP rs2794520 and rs1205 were less in PSD group than non-PSD group (both adjusted odds ratio = 3.364; 95%CI: 1.039-10.898; p = 0.043). For CRP rs3091244, the frequency of G allele was higher (80.61% vs. 13.89%) while the frequency of A allele was lower (6.12% vs. 71.30%) in PSD patients than non-PSD patients (χ2 = 104.380; p&lt;0.001). SA of PSD patients was lower than that of non-PSD patients in the presence of CRP rs2794520 C/T genotype and rs1205 C/T genotype (both t = 2.122; p = 0.039). Peripheral monocyte count was less in PSD group than non-PSD group (adjusted odds ratio = 0.057; 95%CI: 0.005-0.686; p = 0.024).ConclusionsCRP polymorphisms, SA based on CRP genotype, and peripheral monocytes are associated with the risk of early-onset PSD, suggesting peripheral immuno-inflammatory activities elicited by stroke in its aetiology.
Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high numbers of alveolar mast cells and their degranulation
Authors: Krysko Olga , Bourne Joshua H. , Kondakova Elena , Galova Elena A. , Whitworth Katharine , Newby Maddy L. , Bachert Claus , Hill Harriet , Crispin Max , Stamataki Zania , Cunningham Adam F. , Pugh Matthew , Khan Abdullah O. , Rayes Julie , Vedunova Maria , Krysko Dmitri V. , Brill Alexander 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe systemic inflammatory response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production, multi-organ damage, and mortality rates. Mast cells (MC) modulate thrombo-inflammatory disease progression (e.g., deep vein thrombosis) and the inflammatory response post-infection.ObjectiveTo enhance our understanding of the contribution of MC and their proteases in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of the disease, which might help to identify novel therapeutic targets.MethodsMC proteases chymase (CMA1), carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), and tryptase beta 2 (TPSB2), as well as cytokine levels, were measured in the serum of 60 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (30 moderate and 30 severe; severity of the disease assessed by chest CT) and 17 healthy controls by ELISA. MC number and degranulation were quantified by immunofluorescent staining for tryptase in lung autopsies of patients deceased from either SARS-CoV-2 infection or unrelated reasons (control). Immortalized human FcεR1+c-Kit+ LUVA MC were infected with SARS-CoV-2, or treated with its viral proteins, to assess direct MC activation by flow cytometry.ResultsThe levels of all three proteases were increased in the serum of patients with COVID-19, and strongly correlated with clinical severity. The density of degranulated MC in COVID-19 lung autopsies was increased compared to control lungs. The total number of released granules and the number of granules per each MC were elevated and positively correlated with von Willebrand factor levels in the lung. SARS-CoV-2 or its viral proteins spike and nucleocapsid did not induce activation or degranulation of LUVA MC in vitro.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is strongly associated with activation of MC, which likely occurs indirectly, driven by the inflammatory response. The results suggest that plasma MC protease levels could predict the disease course, and that severe COVID-19 patients might benefit from including MC-stabilizing drugs in the treatment scheme.
Association of healthy lifestyles on the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their comorbidity among subjects with dyslipidemia
Authors: Hu Peng , Zheng Murui , Duan Xueru , Zhou Huanning , Huang Jun , Lao Lixian , Zhao Yue , Li Yi , Xue Meng , Zhao Wenjing , Deng Hai , Liu Xudong 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAdherence to a healthy lifestyle could reduce the risk of hypertension and diabetes in general populations; however, whether the associations exist in subjects with dyslipidemia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the integrated effect of lifestyle factors on the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their comorbidity among subjects with dyslipidemia.MethodsIn total of 9,339 subjects with dyslipidemia were recruited from the baseline survey of the Guangzhou Heart Study. A questionnaire survey and medical examination were performed. The healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was derived from five factors: smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, body mass index, and leisure-time physical activity. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by using the logistic regression model and the multinomial logistic regression after adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension, T2DM, and their comorbidity was 47.65, 16.02, and 10.10%, respectively. Subjects with a higher HLS were associated with a lower risk of hypertension, T2DM, and their comorbidity. In comparison to the subjects with 0–2 HLS, the adjusted ORs for subjects with five HLS was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.40–0.57) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54–0.84) for hypertension and T2DM. Compared with subjects with 0-2 HLS and neither hypertension nor T2DM, those with five HLS had a lower risk of suffering from only one disease (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.40–0.57) and their comorbidity (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.26–0.47).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the more kinds of healthy lifestyle, the lower the risk of hypertension, T2DM, and their comorbidity among subjects with dyslipidemia. Preventive strategies incorporating lifestyle factors may provide a more feasible approach for the prevention of main chronic diseases.
Analysis of non-retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)–related fundus hemorrhage in preterm infants in China
Authors: Yaoyao Sun , Kaixin Deng , Xiaoxin Li , Min Zhao , Yanrong Jiang , Hong Yin , Huijun Qi , Tong Qian , Dandan Linghu , Wenzhen Yu , Mingwei Zhao , Jianhong Liang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of fundus hemorrhage (FH) not associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during ocular screening and report their clinical features, risk factors, therapies, and prognosis in a large population of premature newborns.MethodsThe medical records of all preterm newborns admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, from January 1, 2016 through August 31, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Fundus examinations were carried out by experienced retinal experts. Examination under anesthesia was carried out in newborns with abnormal fundus including vitreous hemorrhage (VH) or retinal hemorrhage (RH) &gt;2 disks' diameter by a Retcam 2 system. A lens-preserving vitrectomy was performed in infants requiring a vitrectomy. A comprehensive medical history was also recorded and analyzed.ResultsDuring the 5-year period, a total of 7,260 preterm babies were screened. There were 82 (1.13%) newborns and 104 (0.72) eyes with FH, including VH or RH.Twelve (14.63%) newborns (16 eyes, 15.38%) had VH; 56 (68.29%) (74 eyes, 71.15%) had flame-shaped, superficial hemorrhages; six (7.31%) (6 eyes, 5.77%) had small, round, deep hemorrhages (&lt;2 disk diameters in size); and eight (9.76%) (8 eyes, 7.69%) had large, round hemorrhages (&gt;2 disk diameters). In all, there were 10 (12.20%) cases of intracranial hemorrhage. The mode of delivery was not found to be a significant factor in the occurrence of birth-related retinal hemorrhage (P = 0.22).Six newborns (eyes) with large, round retinal hemorrhage at the posterior pole while the macular was not impacted and 11 cases (15 eyes) with vitreous hemorrhage were required to receive close follow-up with average follow-up time of 105 days. A lens-sparing vitreous surgery was conducted in three patients without any complications.ConclusionPreterm newborns with FH that are not caused by ROP are more likely to have superficial, peripheral hemorrhages. Vaginal delivery compression and forceps may be associated with hemorrhage. A lens-preserving vitrectomy is required and considered safe for dense FH involving the refractive media.
Idiosyncratic liver injury induced by bolus combination treatment with emodin and 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in rats
Authors: Li Dan , Lyu Yuanfeng , Song Qianbo , Lai Yuen Sze , Zuo Zhong 
Published: September 2022

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice, while adverse effects of hepatotoxicity related to PMR have been frequently reported. The clinical case reports indicated that PMR hepatotoxicity could occur under both overdose medication/long-term exposure and low doses with short-duration (idiosyncratic) conditions. The combination treatment with emodin and 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG), two major PMR components, was reported to contribute to PMR hepatotoxicity after long-term treatment. However, the role of the combination treatment of these two components in PMR-induced idiosyncratic liver injury has not been clearly clarified. In this study, the LPS-mediated inflammatory stress model rats were adopted to explore the idiosyncratic liver injury induced by the bolus combination treatment with emodin and TSG. After a bolus oral administration with TSG (165 mg/kg), emodin (5 mg/kg) or their combination in both normal and LPS-mediated inflammatory stress model rats, the systemic/hepatic concentrations of emodin, emodin glucuronides and bile acids were determined; the hepatotoxicity assessments were conducted via monitoring histopathological changes and liver injury biomarkers (ALT and AST). Moreover, the protein expressions of bile acid homeostasis- and apoptosis-related proteins were examined. No liver damage was observed in the normal rats after a bolus dose with the individual or combination treatment, while the bolus combination treatment with emodin and TSG induced liver injury in the LPS-mediated inflammatory stress model rats, evidenced by the elevated plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (∼66%) and aspartate aminotransferase (∼72%) accompanied by severe inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptotic hepatocytes in liver tissue. Moreover, such combination treatment at a bolus dose in the LPS-mediated inflammatory stress model rats could significantly elevate the hepatic TBA levels by about 45% via up-regulating the hepatic protein expression levels of bile acid synthesis enzymes and inhibiting that of bile acid efflux transporters and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Our study for the first time proved the major contribution of the combination treatment with emodin and TSG in PMR-induced idiosyncratic liver injury.
SGLT2 inhibitors suppress epithelial–mesenchymal transition in podocytes under diabetic conditions via downregulating the IGF1R/PI3K pathway
Authors: Guo Ruixue , Wang Peipei , Zheng Xuejun , Cui Wen , Shang Jin , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: September 2022

Loss of podocyte is a characteristic pathological change of diabetic nephropathy (DN) which is associated with increased proteinuria. Many studies have shown that novel inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2-is), such as dapagliflozin, exert nephroprotective effect on delaying DN progression. However, the mechanisms underlying SGLT2-associated podocyte injury are still not fully elucidated. Here, we generated streptozotocin-induced DN models and treated them with dapagliflozin to explore the possible mechanisms underlying SGLT2 regulation. Compared to mice with DN, dapagliflozin-treated mice exhibited remission of pathological lesions, including glomerular sclerosis, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), podocyte injury in the glomeruli, and decreased nephrotoxin levels accompanied by decreased SGLT2 expression. The mRNA expression profiles of these treated mice revealed the significance of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R)/PI3K regulatory axis in glomerular injury. KEGG analysis confirmed that the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and insulin signaling pathway were enriched. Western blotting showed that SGLT2-is inhibited the increase of mesenchymal markers (α-SMA, SNAI-1, and ZEB2) and the loss of podocyte markers (nephrin and E-cad). Additionally, SGLT2, IGF1R, phosphorylated PI3K, α-SMA, SNAI-1, and ZEB2 protein levels were increased in high glucose-stimulated human podocytes (HPC) and significantly decreased in dapagliflozin-treated (50 nM and 100 nM) or OSI-906-treated (inhibitor of IGF1R, 60 nM) groups. However, the use of both inhibitors did not enhance this protective effect. Next, we analyzed urine and plasma samples from a cohort consisting of 13 healthy people and 19 DN patients who were administered with (n = 9) or without (n = 10) SGLT2 inhibitors. ELISA results showed decreased circulating levels of IGF1 and IGF2 in SGLT2-is-treated DN patients compared with DN patients. Taken together, our study reported the key role of SGLT2/IGF1R/PI3K signaling in regulating podocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Modulating IGF1R expression may be a novel approach for DN therapy.
Influenza vaccination and risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with gout: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Chun-Chao , Chiu Chun-Chih , Chen Nai-Hsuan , Yang Tsung-Yeh , Lin Cheng-Hsin , Fang Yu-Ann , Jian William , Lei Meng-Huan , Yeh Hsien-Tang , Hsu Min-Huei , Hao Wen-Rui , Liu Ju-Chi 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Although influenza vaccination reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), its protective effect in patients with gout remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of influenza vaccination in patients with gout.Methods: A total of 26,243 patients with gout, aged 55 and older, were enrolled from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 1 January 2001, and 31 December 2012. The patients were divided into vaccinated (n = 13,201) and unvaccinated groups (n = 13,042). After adjusting comorbidities, medications, sociodemographic characteristics, the risk of AF during follow-up period was analyzed.Results: In influenza, non-influenza seasons and all seasons, the risk of AF was significantly lower in vaccinated than in unvaccinated patients (Adjust hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.68; aHR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.42–0.63; aHR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.49–0.62, respectively). In addition, the risk of AF significantly decreased with increased influenza vaccination (aHR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.69–1.04; aHR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.87; aHR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.33–0.49, after first, 2–3 times, and ≥4 times of vaccination, respectively). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated that the risk of AF significantly decreased after influenza vaccination for patients with different sexes, medication histories, and comorbidities.Conclusions: Influenza vaccination is associated with a lower risk of AF in patients with gout. This potentially protective effect seems to depend on the dose administered.