bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DCBLD2 regulates vascular hyperplasia by modulating the platelet derived growth factor receptor‐β endocytosis through Caveolin‐1 in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Xiaoning , Meng Zeqi , Feng Qi , Lin Yanling , Niu Honglin , Yu Chao , Zong Yanhong , Guo Lingling , Yang Weiwei , Ma Yuehua , Zhang Wenjun , Li Chenyang , Yang Yunran , Wang Wenjuan , Gao Xurui , Hu Yaxin , Liu Chao , Nie Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDCBLD2 is a neuropilin‐like transmembrane protein that is up‐regulated during arterial remodeling in humans, rats, and mice. Activation of PDGFR‐β via PDGF triggers receptor phosphorylation and endocytosis. Subsequent activation of downstream signals leads to the stimulation of phenotypic conversion of VSMCs and arterial wall proliferation, which are common pathological changes in vascular remodeling diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. In this study, we hypothesized that DCBLD2 regulates neointimal hyperplasia through the regulation of PDGFR‐β endocytosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1). Compared with wild‐type (WT) mice or control littermate mice, the germline or VSMC conditional deletion of the Dcbld2 gene resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of the tunica media in the carotid artery ligation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of WT or Dcbld2−/− mice and were stimulated with PDGF. Western blotting assays demonstrated that Dcbld2 deletion increased the PDGF signaling pathway. Biotin labeling test and membrane‐cytosol separation test showed that after DCBLD2 was knocked down or knocked out, the level of PDGFR‐β on the cell membrane was significantly reduced, while the amount of PDGFR‐β in the cytoplasm increased. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that after DCBLD2 gene knock‐out, the binding of PDGFR‐β and Cav‐1 in the cytoplasm significantly increased. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that PDGFR‐β accumulated Cav‐1/lysosomes earlier than for control cells, which indicated that DCBLD2 gene knock‐down or deletion accelerated the endocytosis of PDGF‐induced PDGFR‐β in VSMCs. In order to confirm that DCBLD2 affects the relationship between Cav‐1 and PDGFR‐β, proteins extracted from VSMCs cultured in vitro were derived from WT and Dcbld2−/− mice, whereas co‐immunoprecipitation suggested that the combination of DCBLD2 and Cav‐1 reduced the bond between Cav‐1 and PDGFR‐β, and DCBLD2 knock‐out was able to enhance the interaction between Cav‐1 and PDGFR‐β. Therefore, the current results suggest that DCBLD2 may inhibit the caveolae‐dependent endocytosis of PDGFR‐β by anchoring the receptor on the cell membrane. Based on its ability to regulate the activity of PDGFR‐β, DCBLD2 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Culinary Medicine as Innovative Nutrition Education for Medical Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Newman Courtney , Yan Justin , Messiah Sarah E. , Albin Jaclyn 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Lifestyle-related disease substantially impacts health, but physicians lack adequate nutrition education to discuss behavioral change with patients. Many medical schools have developed culinary medicine programs as a nutrition education strategy, but common elements of success have not been defined.

Method
The authors conducted a scoping review of the literature on culinary medicine programs for medical students. They searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and MedEdPORTAL databases to identify English-language studies published between January 1, 2012, and October 15, 2021. Multiple search terms were used to identify medical student–focused culinary medicine programs. The authors focused inclusion criteria on medical student learners, curricular description, hands-on cooking components, reflection or application to patient care, and assessment. Additionally, the authors reviewed 2 online databases which list programs delivering culinary medicine education for U.S. medical students.

Results
Authors identified 251 studies, of which 12 met inclusion criteria. These studies described programs that used a kitchen or similar space adaptable for food preparation to enable hands-on learning, and some programs provided opportunities for practical application. Most programs administered surveys to assess course impact, but the type of survey and cohort size varied. Culinary medicine programs for medical students varied in learner level, number of participants, course length and structure, and instructor background but consistently improved student knowledge in key areas of nutrition application and changed knowledge and attitudes about food and nutrition. Funding was often noted as a barrier to program sustainability. When funding source was provided, it derived from philanthropic or academic sources. When the authors reviewed the 2 online databases, they identified 34 programs offering medical student-focused culinary medicine courses.

Conclusions
As culinary education programs emerge across academic centers, standardizing programmatic and curricular elements, best practices, and assessment strategies will be vital for quality control, sustainability, and optimal population health impact.
Orthopaedic surgery residency match trends during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hayward Dan , Dowdle Travis S. , Steadman Jesse , Froerer Devin , Perry Cody , Zumwalt Mimi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Orthopaedic surgery is one of the more competitive specialties for medical students to pursue. Students often complete subinternship rotations to demonstrate skill, work ethic, and fit within a program. Away rotations were suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This investigation compared home and regional match rates before the pandemic to the match cycle of 2020-2021.

Results:
There was a statistically significant increase in students matching to their home program, and insignificant increase in regional matches.

Conclusion:
This increase is likely due in part to the familiarity of students to programs where they could still rotate during the pandemic.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Gender and outcomes in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review on healthcare disparities in the United States
Authors: McKeon John F. , Alvarez Paul M. , Spitzer Andrew I. , Krueger Chad A. , Pigott Matthew , Li Mengnai , Vajapey Sravya P. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The authors evaluated the currently available evidence regarding the effect gender has, if any, on utilization of and outcomes after total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. Recent studies have shown that TKA and THA are not utilized equally across different demographic cohorts. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE database was performed using keywords “disparities,” “arthroplasty,” “joint replacement,” “hip,” “knee,” “gender,” and “outcomes” in all possible combinations.

Methods:
All English studies with levels of evidence I to IV published over the last 20 yr were included in the review. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the data collected where applicable.

Results:
A total of 33 articles that met inclusion and quality criteria were analyzed. Overall, men and women have similar utilization rates of THA and TKA. Men and women have similar expectations regarding outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Female gender has been shown to be protective against mortality, major complications, and revisions after TJA. However, women are at higher risk of being discharged to a facility after TJA compared with men (P<0.05). Functional outcomes are similar for men and women.

Conclusions:
This systematic review showed that there are no significant differences in utilization of and outcomes after TJA between men and women. Female gender was shown to be protective against complications but remained a risk factor for nonhome discharge after TJA.

Level of Evidence: IV
Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for correction of genu valgum due to cystinosis: a preliminary interventional study in children
Authors: Ghaznavi Alireza , Mohammadpour Mehdi , Taheri Nima , Cheraghiloohesara Sahand , Aslani Masoud 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Few studies have assessed the efficacy of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in the treatment of genu valgum in patients with cystinosis. In the present study, the authors aimed to assess the postsurgical outcome of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for genu valgum in patients with cystinosis.

Methods:
In this case series study, the inclusion criterion was the occurrence of genu valgum due to definitive diagnosis of cystinosis that was treated with temporary hemiepiphysiodesis technique. The lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured before and 6 to 12 mo after the operation. Surgical complications also were assessed within the mean follow-up time of 40.21±19.86 mo.

Results:
Overall, 14 patients undergoing temporary hemiepiphysiodesis due to genu valgum after cystinosis were assessed. The mean age was 10.00±2.41 yr (male 35.7%, female 64.3%). Hemiepiphysiodesis led to significantly increased LDFA in both left side (from 79.64±3.89 to 88.28±1.26, P=0.001) and right side (from 79.42±2.59 to 89.57±1.69, P=0.001). The change in MPTA in left side (from 88.21±1.36 to 86.07±1.32, P=0.001) and right side (from 88.35±2.49 to 86.42±1.74, P=0.016) also was significant.

Conclusions:
Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is a reproducible, efficient, and safe approach for correction of genu valgum in patients with cystinosis with low and amendable complications in a short stature patient.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Up to 4 millimeters excessive distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty has no significant effect on patellar height and functional score in patient with severe flexion contracture: a retrospective study
Authors: Jabalameli Mahmoud , Yahyazadeh Hooman , Bagherifard Abolfazl , Askari Alireza , Mohammadpour Mehdi , Hasanikhah Masoud 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Excessive distal femoral resection in patients with severe preoperative flexion contracture has been previously attributed to the joint line elevation after performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, the authors investigated the effects of excessive distal femoral cut on the patellar height as well as the outcome of TKA.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with severe flexion contracture (>30°) who underwent TKA. They were divided into two groups according to the size of distal femoral cut: group A (≤9 mm, n=27) and group B (>9 mm, n=22). The functional and radiographic outcomes as well as radiographic indices of patellar height, including adductor ratio, Insall-Salvati index, Blackburne-Peel index, Caton-Deschamps index, and fibular height, were compared between these two study groups.

Results:
The baseline characteristics of the participants were comparable. The mean femoral cut was 8.3±0.8 in group A and 12.6±0.9 in group B. The mean changes of the adductor ratio, Insall-Salvati index, Caton-Deschamps index, Blackburne-Peel index, and fibular height were not significantly different between the two study groups. As well, the functional and radiographic outcomes of TKA were comparable. No revision surgery was required during the mean follow-up of 51.7±32.4 mo. No genu recurvatum was recorded, and no patient complained of knee instability.

Conclusions:
Excessive distal femoral cut does not seem to change patellar height in TKA patients, so it could be used safely for patients with a severe preoperative flexion deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
The Utilization of Osteoarticular Transfer System in the Treatment of Distal Femur Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report
Authors: Doerr Nikki A. , Kellish Alec S. , Kleiner Matthew T. , Gutowski Christina J. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Tumor excision of the subchondral bone of the distal femur epiphysis is technically challenging particularly in skeletally immature patients due to the open physis above and articular surface below. Preservation of the physis, maintenance of structural support to, and integrity of, the cartilage, and conservation of joint kinematics must all be considered and are often threatened by current percutaneous or open surgical treatment options.

Materials and Methods:
We present a case of a 16-year-old male athlete with a distal femur epiphyseal bone lesion. He underwent transarticular en bloc excision and autograft reconstruction using osteoarticular transfer system (OATS) technique.

Results:
Final pathology revealed complete excision of an osteoid osteoma. The patient had regained full strength and range of motion at 3 months postoperatively, and at 22 months postoperatively was free of disease and back to full level of athletic participation.

Conclusions:
This article describes a technique for excision of subchondral epiphyseal bone lesions in the distal femur in skeletally immature patients which mitigates the risk of complications associated with physeal injury, incomplete tumor resection, and iatrogenic injury to the overlying cartilage.
Histologic Screening of Malignant Melanoma, Spitz, Dermal and Junctional Melanocytic Nevi Using a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Snyder Alan N. , Zhang Dan , Dreesen Steffen L. , Baltimore Christopher A. , Lopez-Garcia Dan R. , Akers Jake Y. , Metts Christopher L. , Madory James E. , Chang Peter D. , Doan Linda T. , Elston Dirk M. , Valdebran Manuel A. , Luo Feng , Forcucci Jessica A. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The integration of an artificial intelligence tool into pathologists' workflow may lead to a more accurate and timely diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, directly patient care. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate the performance of such a model in achieving clinical-grade diagnoses of Spitz nevi, dermal and junctional melanocytic nevi, and melanomas.

Methods:
We created a beginner-level training environment by teaching our algorithm to perform cytologic inferences on 136,216 manually annotated tiles of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides consisting of unequivocal melanocytic nevi, Spitz nevi, and invasive melanoma cases. We sequentially trained and tested our network to provide a final diagnosis-classification on 39 cases in total. Positive predictive value (precision) and sensitivity (recall) were used to measure our performance.

Results:
The tile-classification algorithm predicted the 136,216 irrelevant, melanoma, melanocytic nevi, and Spitz nevi tiles at sensitivities of 96%, 93%, 94% and 73%, respectively. The final trained model was able to correctly classify and predict the correct diagnosis in 85.7% of unseen cases (n = 28), reporting at or near screening-level performances for precision and recall of melanoma (76.2%, 100.0%), melanocytic nevi (100.0%, 75.0%), and Spitz nevi (100.0%, 75.0%).

Conclusions:
Our pilot study proves that convolutional networks trained on cellular morphology to classify melanocytic proliferations can be used as a powerful tool to assist pathologists in screening for melanoma versus other benign lesions.
ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY AND ECHOGENIC EXTERNAL MARKER ASSISTED INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY REMOVAL
Authors: Patel Shivam H. , Bakhsh Saaquib , Badar Ayesha , Hajrasouliha Amir R. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
We report a novel method of intraoperative localization of a retained anterior intraocular foreign body (IOFB), using a combination of ultrasound biomicrosopy and an insulated needle.

Methods:
A retrospective case report of a 56-year-old man who presented with a right eye IOFB.

Results:
On presentation, vision was decreased in the right eye to count fingers with a small subconjunctival hemorrhage, but no other signs of a penetrating laceration. Orbital CT revealed an IOFB, and the initial vitrectomy failed to retrieve the IOFB. Then, during the subsequent vitrectomy, using an ultrasound compatible needle and an ultrasound biomicrosopy, we were able to precisely locate and remove the small anterior IOFB.

Conclusion:
Retained IOFBs can lead to severe irreversible vision loss if not promptly removed. Ancillary imaging modalities and localization techniques can help locate occult IOFBs in difficult cases.
Study of Serum Ferritin, Zinc, and Copper Levels in Children With Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and the Effect of the Treatment
Authors: Elsaadany Eman , Amin Saleh , Abdel‐Hafez Maher , El Amrousy Doaa , Kasem Safwat , Abd Elaziz Dareen , Shawky Dina 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:This study aimed to assess serum iron, zinc, and copper in symptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection, to correlate their serum levels with the degree of gastritis, and to evaluate the effect of H. pylori treatment on their levels.Methods:This study was carried out on 70 children with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by the H. pylori antigen test in the stool and histopathologic findings during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative groups. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin (sTfR), zinc, and copper were assessed in all included children.Results:The hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc were significantly lower in H. pylori‐positive patients compared to H. pylori‐negative patients. However, the serum copper level was comparable between the 2 groups. After treatment, the hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and serum zinc significantly increased in H. pylori‐positive patients, especially in those who responded to treatment compared to their levels before treatment. There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of histopathologic abnormalities and hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc levels, but a significant positive relation with sTfR concentrations in H. pylori‐positive patients.Conclusions:H. pylori‐infected children had low serum ferritin and zinc levels but high sTfR level with no effect on serum copper levels. After treatment, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and zinc levels significantly improved in H. pylori‐positive patients. Gastric histologic findings correlated significantly with hemoglobin, serum ferritin, zinc, and sTfR levels.
Patient and Family Involvement in Serious Incident Investigations From the Perspectives of Key Stakeholders: A Review of the Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Ramsey Lauren , McHugh Siobhan , Simms-Ellis Ruth , Perfetto Kayley , O’Hara Jane K. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Investigations of healthcare harm often overlook the valuable insights of patients and families. Our review aimed to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders when patients and families were involved in serious incident investigations.

Methods
The authors searched three databases (Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) and Connected Papers software for qualitative studies in which patients and families were involved in serious incident investigations until no new articles were found.

Results
Twenty-seven papers were eligible. The perspectives of patients and families, healthcare professionals, nonclinical staff, and legal staff were sought across acute, mental health and maternity settings. Most patients and families valued being involved; however, it was important that investigations were flexible and sensitive to both clinical and emotional aspects of care to avoid compounding harm. This included the following: early active listening with empathy for trauma, sincere and timely apology, fostering trust and transparency, making realistic timelines clear, and establishing effective nonadversarial communication. Most staff perceived that patient and family involvement could improve investigation quality, promote an open culture, and help ensure future safety. However, it was made difficult when multidisciplinary input was absent, workload and staff turnover were high, training and support needs were unmet, and fears surrounded litigation. Potential solutions included enhancing the clarity of roles and responsibilities, adequately training staff, and providing long and short-term support to stakeholders.

Conclusions
Our review provides insights to ensure patient and family involvement in serious incident investigations considers both clinical and emotional aspects of care, is meaningful for all key stakeholders, and avoids compounding harm. However, significant gaps in the literature remain.
Explainable Machine Learning to Bring Database to the Bedside
Authors: Choi Jeff , Anderson Taylor , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Exemplify an explainable machine learning framework to bring database to the bedside; develop and validate a point-of-care frailty assessment tool to prognosticate outcomes after injury.

Background:
A geriatric trauma frailty index that captures only baseline conditions, is readily-implementable, and validated nationwide remains underexplored. We hypothesized Trauma fRailty OUTcomes (TROUT) Index could prognosticate major adverse outcomes with minimal implementation barriers.

Methods:
We developed TROUT index according to Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis guidelines. Using nationwide US admission encounters of patients aged ≥65 years (2016–2017; 10% development, 90% validation cohorts), unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms identified baseline conditions that contribute most to adverse outcomes. These conditions were aggregated into TROUT Index scores (0–100) that delineate 3 frailty risk strata. After associative [between frailty risk strata and outcomes, adjusted for age, sex, and injury severity (as effect modifier)] and calibration analysis, we designed a mobile application to facilitate point-of-care implementation.

Results:
Our study population comprised 1.6 million survey-weighted admission encounters. Fourteen baseline conditions and 1 mechanism of injury constituted the TROUT Index. Among the validation cohort, increasing frailty risk (low=reference group, moderate, high) was associated with stepwise increased adjusted odds of mortality {odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.6 [2.4–2.8], 4.3 [4.0–4.7]}, prolonged hospitalization [OR (95% CI)]: 1.4 (1.4–1.5), 1.8 (1.8–1.9)], disposition to a facility [OR (95% CI): 1.49 (1.4–1.5), 1.8 (1.7–1.8)], and mechanical ventilation [OR (95% CI): 2.3 (1.9–2.7), 3.6 (3.0–4.5)]. Calibration analysis found positive correlations between higher TROUT Index scores and all adverse outcomes. We built a mobile application (“TROUT Index”) and shared code publicly.

Conclusion:
The TROUT Index is an interpretable, point-of-care tool to quantify and integrate frailty within clinical decision-making among injured patients. The TROUT Index is not a stand-alone tool to predict outcomes after injury; our tool should be considered in conjunction with injury pattern, clinical management, and within institution-specific workflows. A practical mobile application and publicly available code can facilitate future implementation and external validation studies.