bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Technologies Enabling Resilience in Manufacturing Networks
Authors: Koutrakis Nikolaos-Stefanos , Magnanini Maria Chiara , Uhlmann Eckart , Polte Julian , Pei Eujin , Psarommatis Foivos , Brintrup Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnforeseen events have the potential to cause disruptions throughout the entire manufacturing value chain, ranging from interruptions in production processes on the shop floor level to shutdowns in the supply chain and logistics. These disruptions increase the necessity for the establishment of manufacturing networks that prioritize cooperation and circularity to strengthen resilience, predict and counteract such impacts. This paper provides an overview of the main digital technologies required to create a resilient and sustainable manufacturing network and the implementation of the Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS) approach. For each digital technology, a synthetic characterization is provided, with respect to requirements, exemplary applications and involved standards. Challenges on the use of such technologies are presented and suggestions for future developments on the integration and deployment of digital technologies with the aim of achieving resilience in manufacturing networks is described.
Deep Learning-Based Optical Character Recognition for Identifying On-Label Printed Part Numbers of Used Automotive Parts: A Comparative Study of Open Source and Commercial Methods
Authors: Schlüter Marian , Tepper Christian , Briese Clemens , Kroeger Ole , Vicente-Garcia Raul , Krüger Jörg 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper explores the use of deep learning-based optical character recognition (OCR) to identify part numbers for used automotive parts. It compares open source and advanced AI methods to commercial tools from Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. The study finds that fine-tuned open source models outperform commercial services, especially for complex part numbers unrelated to any language structure. The preferred open source method, MaskedTextSpotter, is fine-tuned with image data from old vehicle and electrical parts, captured by a smartphone and 2D barcode scanner. Additionally, a new data augmentation method, CharChan, is introduced, replacing detected characters with random examples for better character recognition. The experiments demonstrate the efficacy of deep learning-based OCR for automotive part number identification.
A Peak Shaving Approach in Manufacturing Combining Machine Learning and Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Miller Eddi , Schmitt Anna-Maria , Kaupp Tobias , Batres Rafael , Schiffler Andreas , Schmitt Jan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComputerized Numerical Control (CNC) plays an important role in highly autonomous manufacturing systems with multiple machine tools. The necessary Numerical Control (NC) programs to manufacture the parts are mostly written in standardized G-code. An a priori evaluation of the energy demand of CNC-based machine processes opens up the possibility of scheduling multiple jobs according to balanced energy consumption over a production period. Due to this, we present a combined Machine Learning (ML) and Job-Shop-Scheduling (JSS) approach to evaluate G-code for a CNC-milling process with respect to the energy demand of each G-command. The ML model training data are derived by the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method facing the main G-code operations G00, G01, and G02. The resulting energy demand for each job enhances a JSS algorithm to smooth the energy demand for multiple jobs, as peak power consumption needs to be avoided due to its expense.
Residual Stresses Generation in Multi-stage Rotary Swaging of Steel Tubes
Authors: Langstädtler Lasse , Moazzez Kasra , Charni Dhia , Schenck Christian , Epp Jeremy , Kuhfuss Bernd 
Published: January 2025

AbstractForming induced residual stresses give the potential to improve the application conditions which are dependent on the whole material flow history along the production line. A better knowledge of the generation of residual stresses leads to a more sustainable manufacturing process. Furthermore, hollow parts offer reduced weight thus saving energy and material consumption especially in the transportation sector. Thus, a sustainable swaging process needs to be designed with the understanding of multi-critical effects and interactions. In this study, the diameter reduction of annealed E355 steel tubes by infeed rotary swaging was exemplarily investigated. The reduction was performed by three different routes—one stage, two stages and three stages swaging using several swaging dies to reduce a diameter from 20 to 8 mm. The resulting residual stresses and geometric properties were discussed. It could be observed that an increased number of forming stages contributed to improved part properties like better surface quality and compressive residual stresses. Furthermore, the integration of multiple forming stages in a new swaging die design was presented. The improved part properties and new die design enhanced the processes and parts sustainability.
Initial Study on Milling in an Ultrasonically Excited Metalworking Fluid Bath
Authors: Gross Daniel , Eichinger Miriam , Selzam Jan Harald , Hanenkamp Nico 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnergy and resource efficiency are seen as key drivers of the industrial transformation towards a low carbon economy. In particular, machine tools, which are essential to value creation, have a significant share of industrial greenhouse gas emissions due to their high-energy consumption. The energy demand for the provision and supply of metalworking fluids (MWF) alone can account for up to 25% of the total energy demand. The aim of this study is to investigate and fundamentally design an alternative cooling lubricant concept. This concept does not require continuous pumping of the coolant supply. Instead, the milling operation takes place in an immersion bath filled with metalworking fluid. An additional ultrasonic (US) actuator causes the coolant to vibrate, allowing the coolant to penetrate deeper into the cutting zone. The machining tests include a comparison of classic flood cooling, immersion bath milling and immersion bath milling with US stimulation. To compare the processes, the flank wear, the workpiece surface roughness and the bending moments due to the cutting forces were analyzed. The energy assessment allows a final evaluation of the processes.
Hybrid Polishing Tool for Internal Finishing of Complex Part Interiors in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing
Authors: Souza Adriel Magalhães , Rietberg Justin , da Silva Eraldo Jannone , Yamaguchi Hitomi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a new hybrid polishing tool, which consists of magnetic particles and a water-soluble binder and transforms from a bonded-tool phase to a particle-brush phase during polishing. During the bonded-tool phase, the binder remains intact, and material is removed from the peaks of the target surface where abrasive is pressed against the surface. Once the binder dissolves in the lubricant, the magnetic particles separate, form a brush tool (particle-brush phase), and polish the surface while conforming to the surface geometry. The phase transition timing is determined by the lubricant type. The magnetic particles can be collected using magnetic force and reused; the hybrid tool thus contributes to resource utilization and waste reduction. The effects of tool geometry, tool binder content, and lubricant type on the tool-phase transformation and polishing characteristics are clarified by applying the new hybrid tool to internal finishing of stainless steel tubes, made using directed energy deposition, using magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). MAF mechanically removes material by the action of abrasives pressed against a workpiece with magnetic tools suspended in a magnetic field. Compared with conventional MAF, the hybrid tool achieves a target surface finish with significantly less material removal, minimizing waste production.
Potentials for Energy Savings and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction in Cement Industry
Authors: Sarfraz Shoaib , Sherif Ziyad , Drewniok Michal , Bolson Natanael , Cullen Jonathan , Purnell Phil , Jolly Mark , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCement production accounts for 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions, 3 to 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and 7% of global industrial energy use. Cement demand is continuously increasing due to the rising worldwide population and urbanisation trends, as well as infrastructure development needs. By 2050, global cement production is expected to increase by 12 to 23% from its current level. Following the net-zero carbon 2050 agenda, both energy and emissions must be significantly reduced. Different production routes exist to produce cement that differs in energy intensity as well as carbon intensity. Similarly, a range of values exists related to energy and emissions for the major cement production stages i.e., raw meal preparation, clinkerisation and cement grinding. The same is the case with cement types produced. This study presents a literature review-based investigation and comparison of cement production practices in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This will provide perspectives to the cement industry by identifying approaches that are the least energy and emissions intensive.
Optimisation of the Melting Furnace Unit in an Italian Aluminium Foundry to Reduce Gas Methane Consumption
Authors: Rossi Jessica , Bianchini Augusto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe foundry industry is one of the most energy-intensive industrial sectors. Consequently, the energy cost can reach 7–15% of the cost of the operations. Among all the types of energy used, the most significant part of energy consumption is associated in Italy with gas methane in different typologies of melting furnaces. According to the treated material (e.g., aluminium, steel, cast iron), the foundry process can vary; however, some operations characterize the entire sector, such as the metal melting phase, which is the most energy-intensive stage of the process (it can account up to 70% of the total energy consumption of the foundry). The energy crisis, which has affected companies in these years, determines instability and volatility in energy availability and costs and requires implementing some improvements to optimize energy efficiency and reduce consumption. With the aim of investigating the potential energy reduction in the foundry sector, an Italian aluminium foundry has been considered. The analysis consisted of three main activities: (i) Analysis of the process and mapping of energy and resource consumption at the factory level and in each unit; (ii) Quantification of energy and resource consumption at the factory level according to the ViVACE® method; and (iii) Addressing the critical points (energy consumption) to improve the environmental impact of the foundry. According to this methodology, the optimization of the melting furnace unit has been addressed, allowing the potential saving of gas methane up to 13%.
Algae-Based Phlorotannins as a Sustainable Feedstock for Epoxy Resin Formulation
Authors: Böhm S. , Winkel A. , Kahlmeyer M. , Fazliu B. , Horn M. , Fuhrmann-Lieker T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBisphenol A is the most important chemical for producing epoxy resins, but as of today is not bio-based accessible. Furthermore, it is rated as a substance of very high concern and possesses reproductive toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties. Phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols, are structurally highly suited for serving as sustainable bisphenol A alternatives. They are largely found in brown algae, which are already being harvested for alginate production. Phlorotannins thus represent a promising marine raw material for the chemical industry which otherwise has received little attention in research to date, at least in the field of epoxy resin formulation. For this study, an epoxy-resin model compound based on phloroglucin, the simplest phlorotannin, was chosen to gain insight into reactivity and thermo-mechanical characteristics. As curing agents, well-established systems for ambient-temperature cure, e.g. isophorone diamine, as well as anhydrides for heat cure were applied. In all cases, thermosets with glass transition temperatures higher than 100 ℃ could be obtained under cross-linking conditions comparable to today’s procedures. In the case of a phthalic acid anhydride derivative, even a Tg of 198 ℃ has been determined, proving the high potential of the cured systems for industrial usage, e.g. as impregnating resins for fiber-reinforced plastics.
Risk Assessment for Small Manufacturing Businesses in Soweto
Authors: Tshabalala Takalani 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA risk assessment is tool that assists businesses to identify, analyse and evaluate various types of risks that their severity. The manufacturing sector serves as the backbone of the social and economic development in South African, Soweto. Risks assessments have been conducted in various sectors but not the Soweto manufacturing businesses. It is therefore imperative that this study focuses on this very important sector to assist it in being sustainable. A risk assessment was conducted for 120 manufacturing businesses in Soweto. The study identified 5 types of risks namely the financial, operational, business, legal and third-party risk. The businesses were categorised based on the outcome of the production, and a risk rating tool was used to analyse and evaluate the level of risks that exists. The risk rating tool categorised the risks in terms of low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk. The tools’ outcome was the total risk type per manufacturing business type and the risk values per risk type. The study found that financial risk is a predominant risk that affects all the manufacturing businesses that were engaged, and that food, glass, textile, and wood manufacturers are the businesses impacted most.
Reducing the Down-Cycling of Carbon Fibre: An Observation on Preserving Different Woven Fibre Architectures
Authors: He Di , Pang Isaiah , Doolan Matthew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe growing use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) in the aerospace and wind industries is leading to increases in waste carbon fibres. The current recycling practice for this waste results in significant reductions in material properties. Preserving the reinforcement architecture of carbon fibre has the potential to enhance the mechanical reinforcement capability of the recycled fibre. Nevertheless, the impact of this approach on different woven fibre architectures with varying material characteristics remains unclear. This study presents an observation on applying fibre architecture preservation to the recycling of carbon fibres in two woven fibre architectures, namely twill and satin weaves. Carbon fibres are recycled by a pyrolysis technique and remanufactured into recycled CFRP. Flexural tests indicate increases in the flexural properties of CFRP with twill and satin weaves after recycling, differing from the results for plain weave in a previous study. The results suggest potential influences of weave architectures on the material compositions of the recycled composites, resulting in different flexural properties. Further research is encouraged to investigate the potential correlations and provide deeper insights into the use of this approach to reduce the down-cycling of various types of carbon fibre.
Dynamics of spinning binary at 2PM
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Tianheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider the covariant proposal for the gravitational Compton amplitude for a Kerr black hole. Employing the covariant three- and four-point Compton amplitudes, we assemble the classical one-loop integrand on the maximal cut at all orders in spin, utilizing the method of unitarity. Expanding in powers of spin, we evaluate the one-loop amplitude up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2{a}^8\right) $$
O

G
2

a
8

. Supplemented with extra contact contributions derived from the far-zone data of the Teukolsky solutions, the one-loop amplitude is in agreement with results available in the literature. We showcase the classical eikonal in the aligned-spin case at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2{a}^7\right) $$
O

G
2

a
7

.
Should states allow early school enrollment? An analysis of individuals’ long-term labor market effects
Authors: Görlitz Katja , Heß Pascal , Tamm Marcus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study provides a policy evaluation of laws allowing early school enrollment of children, i.e., enrollment before the official school starting age. It investigates the effects of early enrollment on educational attainment, wages and employment. While the school starting age is usually determined by children’s date of birth and legal cutoffs, some German states allowed early enrollment in some years. Exploiting state and cohort variation, the results show that male early enrollees attain fewer years of schooling, enter the labor market earlier and have a larger labor market attachment at around age 16. Positive wage effects persist until approximately age 35. Results for women roughly resemble those for men, but they are less convincingly estimated.
Oral health and rehabilitation in face transplant recipients – a systematic review
Authors: Knoedler Leonard , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Knoedler Samuel , Niederegger Tobias , Hofmann Elena , Heiland Max , Koerdt Steffen , Nahles Susanne , Baecher Helena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Facial transplantation (FT) provides advanced solutions for severe facial defects by incorporating complex tissues such as bone, skin, oral mucosa and nerves. Oral health plays a critical role in FT, impacting both functional outcomes and transplant prognosis. Despite its importance, literature on oral health in FT recipients remains sparse.

Methods
This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL for studies on oral health in FT patients up to August 4, 2024. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Level of Evidence (LOE). Data extracted included study design, general information on FT, patient demographics, oral examination techniques, and outcomes.

Results
Out of 6,984 articles reviewed, 19 met the inclusion criteria, all consisting of case reports or case series involving 48 FT cases. Of these, 25 cases provided relevant oral health and rehabilitation data. All studies showed a LOE of IV, with an average NOS score of 4.3 ± 0.5. Most FT cases involved male recipients (n = 20, 80%), while the majority of FTs were conducted in the United States (n = 10, 40%) and France (n = 7, 28%). Oral mucosa biopsy was the most common examination method (n = 11, 44%). Malocclusion was reported in 48% (n = 12) of cases, with revision surgeries occurring in 36% (n = 9). Post-FT dental treatments included tooth extractions (n = 7, 28%), fillings (n = 3, 12%), and endodontic treatments (n = 2, 8%). Dental implants were placed in 32% (n = 8) of cases, with one case (4%) reporting failed osseointegration.

Conclusion
Routine oral health assessments are essential for FT patients to prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of high-quality research on oral health in FT recipients, underscoring the need for further studies to establish standardized care protocols.

Clinical relevance
This review emphasizes the urgent need for standardized oral health protocols in FT patients to minimize infection risks and optimize long-term transplant success and overall patient health.
The role of ferroptosis in liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion in rats with autologous orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Wu Wei , Xu Bei , Huang Haibin , Mao Ying , Gao Yuan , Bu Wenhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) model in rats, the effect of lipid reactive oxygen species (L-ROS) inhibitor Ferrostain-1 on ferroptosis signal pathway was observed to determine whether ferroptosis occurred in rat liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Thirty-two healthy adult SPF male SD rats, 8 ~ 10 weeks old, weight 240 ~ 260 g, were divided into four groups by the method of random number table (n = 8): sham group, I/R group, I/R + Fer-1 group, I/R + DFO group. In the I/R + Fer-1 group, ferristatin-1(5 mg /kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before surgery; in the I/R + DFO group, DFO 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before operation and 12 h after operation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior hepatic vena cava 24 h after reperfusion. After anesthesia, the rats were killed and part of their liver tissue was removed. The pathological changes of liver tissue sections were observed under a high-power microscope, and the liver injury was evaluated. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of ALT, AST and IL-6 were determined by the ELISA method, Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), MDA, Fe2 + and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the liver tissue. Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of the IL-6,MDA, AST and ALT in I/R group were obviously higher (P < 0.05); The levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The levels of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in liver tissue were decreased. The levels of serum MDA, IL-6, AST, and ALT in the I/R + Fer-1 and I/R + DFO groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R group at 24 h after reperfusion. In the I/R + Fer-1 group, the level of MDA in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05). In The I/R + DFO group, the levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05). Ferroptosis is involved in pathophysiological process of liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion in AOLT rats.