bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG TWO SEPTUAGENARIAN COHORTS A DECADE APART IN JAPAN
Authors: Wang Can , Gondo Yasuyuki , Nakagawa Takeshi , Masui Yukie , Kamide Kei , Kasuga Ayaka , Yasumoto Saori , Ogawa Madoka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have suggested that the health status of older adults living in the community has improved significantly over the past two decades. To reassess whether this trend continues, this study examined the health profiles of a current cohort of 70-year-olds and compared them with a cohort born a decade earlier.

Method
This cohort comparison study was part of the observational Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. Data were collected from two groups of 69 to 71-year-old community-dwelling older adults in 2010 (born between 1938 and 1941 (n=483)) and in 2023(born between 1951 and 1954 (n=283)), using identical methodologies. All participants underwent comprehensive physical, mental, social, and cognitive assessments.

Result
Overall, the later cohort was healthier than the earlier cohort. In physical performance, the later cohort showed 21.08% higher grip strength, 13.65% higher gait speed, 7.02% higher chair-seated stepping, and in cognitive function, the later cohort showed 7.93% higher MOCA-J score. The later cohort also reported higher levels of social support(η2=0.013) and showed higher perceived health(η2=0.011). However, mental health assessed by WHO-5 was lower in later cohort(η2=0.008).

Conclusion
Our findings regarding functional capacity were in-keeping with previous studies, which showed later cohort exhibited superior health outcomes across multiple domains compared to earlier cohort. However, there is an inconsistency with previous studies, which reported that later cohorts had better mental health than earlier cohorts at the same age. Future research should explore the reasons for this discrepancy.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERLEUKIN-6 AND MEMORY DECLINE
Authors: Segerstrom Suzanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Evidence supports the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in accelerating cognitive decline and increasing ADRD risk. Personality may influence this relationship in a pathoplastic way, by protecting against or exacerbating the cognitive consequences of inflammation. Conscientious (i.e., controlled, planful, organized) people are characterized by healthier behaviors, which may play a protective role. Among 182 older adults (Mage=74 years, 41% female), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) performance was measured annually for up to 16.6 years (M=6.5 years). Total learning and delayed recall were regressed on expected performance (norms based on age, gender, and IQ), time, IL-6, conscientiousness, and their interactions with each other and with gender. There was a significant interaction among time, IL-6, and conscientiousness (F(1,167.51)=5.36, p=.021) such that people with high conscientiousness and low IL-6 maintained total learning and thus increased their performance relative to norms over time; people with low conscientiousness and/or high IL-6 maintained performance relative to norms. The same interaction was observed for delayed recall (F(1,165.22)=5.20, p=.024). The recall effect decreased after adjusting for learning, but in a gender-specific way (interaction with gender, F(1,164.74)=4.97, p=.027). Adjusting for total learning eliminated the interaction for men but not for women. Rather than a pathoplastic relationship, IL-6 and conscientiousness had a synergistic effect on memory decline over time. Neither low IL-6 nor high conscientiousness alone were sufficient to preserve memory. The healthy habits of conscientious older people may need an advantageous physical environment in order to affect memory and possibly other cognitive functions.
CONTROL AT EVERY AGE: HOW EMOTIONAL RESPONSES VARY ACROSS LIFESPAN
Authors: Muskin Ryan , Popivker David , Allard Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Control may play a crucial role in regulating emotional reactivity, with this regulation potentially differing between older and younger adults across various emotional subtypes. Research suggests that perceptions of control tend to decrease with age, which may result in older adults being more sensitive to low-control situations. To explore this, we recruited 60 younger adults (18-35) and 50 older adults (60+) who were asked to relive strong emotional memories involving either loss or failure. Emotional reactivity was assessed through self-reported affect, heart rate variability, and electrodermal activity. Our findings support the hypothesis that as perceived control increases, emotional reactivity decreases for older adults but increases for younger adults (p &lt;.05). Further analysis of discrete emotions revealed a positive correlation between perceived control and positive affect for older adults (Pearson’s r =.34), but not for younger adults. These results suggest that lower perceived control in older adults may lead to greater emotional reactivity and reduced positive affect. Future research should investigate how the interplay between age, control, and emotions influences emotion regulation strategies, particularly those that involve accepting diminished control.
CULTURALLY ADAPTING A CREATIVITY AND WELL-BEING ARTS CURRICULUM FOR MANDARIN SPEAKING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Qu Doria , Graupner Jeffrey , Kroplewski Renee , Mensik Ashley , Thompson Katherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Creativity Circle program is an English-language arts curriculum previously shown to reduce social isolation in older adults. This curriculum was translated, culturally adapted, implemented, and evaluated for a group of 16 Mandarin-speaking older adults over eight weeks. Modifications included incorporating Cantonese songs, Chinese poetry, and culturally significant art activities such as clay modeling of traditional items and illustrating group values using meaningful symbols. Of the 16 initial participants, 15 completed the program, with one dropout due to illness. Participants found the adapted curriculum helpful and culturally appropriate. Key qualitative findings reveal that participants prioritized intrinsic values such as happiness, health, and family over materialistic pursuits, and approaching aging and death with acceptance. Participants reported feeling less lonely after the series (Median=1, n=12; Likert: 5=Completely Agree, 1=Completely Disagree: “I feel lonely”),) when compared to the pre-series survey (Median=2, n=10though the difference did not reach significance (Mann Whitney U Test, U=85, p =.077). This study highlights the effectiveness of cultural adaptation in enhancing program relevance and participant well-being, underscoring the need for gerontological practices that respect diverse cultural perspectives. It demonstrates the feasibility of culturally adapted creative activities to engage older adults, reinforce cultural identity, and promote overall well-being in later life. Future research will focus on larger-scale implementation and quantitative assessment of impact on social isolation.
DAILY DYADIC COPING AND SALIVARY CORTISOL RHYTHMS IN COUPLES LIVING WITH EARLY-STAGE DEMENTIA
Authors: Polenick Courtney , Turkelson Angela , Garner Charity , Liu Yin , Birditt Kira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dyadic coping (i.e., how couples cope with stress) is associated with subjective well-being in dementia care dyads. However, we know little about dyadic coping and physiological stress reactivity in the context of daily dementia care. We evaluated how daily perceptions of individual and partner supportive (when one partner provides problem-focused and/or emotion-focused coping to help the other) and delegated (when one partner takes over responsibilities to help the other) dyadic coping are associated with salivary cortisol among couples living with early-stage dementia. Participants included 34 people living with dementia (PLWD; M = 72.2 years, SD = 7.5) and their spouse caregivers (M = 69.5 years, SD = 8.7) who completed 7 days of morning and evening phone interviews and collected saliva samples (four times per day) during four of those days. We estimated multilevel models with outcomes including the cortisol awakening response (AR; awakening to 30-min post-awakening) and wake-evening slope (WES; 30-min post-awakening to bedtime). PLWD had a higher next-day AR when they reported higher individual supportive and delegated dyadic coping. PLWD also had a higher same-day and next-day AR and a steeper decline in WES when they reported higher partner delegated dyadic coping. On average across days, PLWD had a flatter decline in WES when caregivers reported higher partner delegated dyadic coping. Finally, on average across days, caregivers had a higher AR when they reported higher individual supportive and delegated dyadic coping. These findings identify targeted strategies to improve health and well-being in couples navigating early-stage dementia.
DAYTIME ACTIVITY ATTENUATES ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SLEEP EFFICIENCY AND MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Sakal Collin , Li Xinyue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adequate sleep is crucial for promoting longevity, and yet epidemiological understanding of the relationship between sleep and mortality is largely based on a single metric: sleep duration. This study examined associations between sleep efficiency and mortality in a cohort of 33,428 older adults in the UK Biobank over approximately 9-years of follow-up. Sleep efficiency was derived from wrist-worn accelerometer data using a Hidden Markov Model-based sleep-wake detection algorithm and was summarized based on sufficiency (average) and irregularity (standard deviation) across the wear periods. Associations were examined using Cox Proportional Hazard models adjusting for sociodemographic factors, smoking, drinking, depression, social support, medications, cancer, and sleep duration. In fully adjusted models, average accelerometer-assessed total daytime activity was further included using restricted cubic splines to examine its potential to attenuate observed associations. In adjusted Cox models without daytime activity, low average (&lt; 0.85) sleep efficiency was associated with greater risk of mortality (Ref: ≥0.85, HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.46) as was high irregularity (top quartile) in sleep efficiency (Ref: bottom quartile, HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.53). However, neither measure of sleep efficiency was significant after adjusting for daytime activity. L-shaped relationships were observed between daytime activity and mortality where low activity levels were associated with an increased risk and high levels of activity were associated with a decreased risk. Our findings suggest that daytime activity attenuates associations between both sufficiency and irregularity in sleep efficiency with mortality among older adults in the United Kingdom.
DEMENTIA FRIENDS IN INCARCERATED SETTINGS: RESULTS OF A STAFF E-LEARNING SESSION
Authors: Bibbo Jessica , Nicolay Sarah , Burman Bonnie , Williman Marty , Kinzig Elizabeth , Bollin Salli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Individuals aging in incarcerated settings such as prison develop dementia at a higher rate than those outside of such settings. The percentage of inmates aged 60 or older is rapidly increasing, yet there is little training for staff about dementia. The Ohio Council for Cognitive Health worked with the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (ODRC) to develop Dementia Friends for Incarcerated Settings, an e-learning course made available to all ODRC staff. These results are from the optional and anonymous pre- and post-surveys embedded in the session; 125 of the 364 respondents completed both (Mage=53.2, SDage=9.1, Female=53.6%; Full time=95.2%). A series of McNemar Tests indicated significant improvement in one of the four true/false items measuring knowledge about dementia (Changing the environment will make no difference to a person who has dementia [False]), p &lt;.001. A series of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests indicated significant improvement in five of the sliding-scale items (range: 0 indicating no agreement to 100 indicating total agreement) measuring attitudes about dementia (e.g., I am confident interacting with people living with dementia; It is possible to improve the lives of people living with dementia) (p ≤.010). Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the material covered in the session would be useful in their work (90.2%), that they learned new information (88.6%), and that they would recommend the session to coworkers (89.5%). These results indicate the potential impact of and underscore the need for dementia education within incarcerated settings.
DIFFERENCES IN PATIENTS WHO FAIL A COGNITIVE SCREEN IN PRIMARY CARE VS. THOSE WHO “ALMOST FAIL”
Authors: Higbie Anna , Baucco Christina , Perkins Anthony , Fowler Nicole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In primary care, short cognitive screening tools are used to measure potential cognitive impairment. These tools have been validated in patients aged 65+ and have published cut points to determine if further assessment is needed. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Caregivers Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease (COADS) trial to compare characteristics of patients who screened positive using established cut points versus those who scored one point away. Screening tests included the Mini-Cog, MIS-T, and MIS-T & Virtual Clock Draw. We also compared mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) diagnoses between the two groups at 24 months. Among the sample, n=44 failed based on standard cut points, and n=94 scored one point from fail. There were no significant differences in the age, gender, or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) between the groups. Patients one point from failing were significantly more likely to have more education and report daily in-person interactions (p=0.013 and p=0.020). At 24 months, no significant differences in the rate of MCI or ADRD diagnoses were found in electronic medical records. Although the group who had a positive screen at baseline had statistically significant differences in cognitive impairment at 24 months, as measured by the IQCODE (4.4 times more likely to score above 3.6, p=0.009, with higher cognitive decline indicated by their IQCODE scores, p=0.014). These findings suggest better performance on cognitive screeners is associated with reduced cognitive decline over time, underscoring the importance of early detection for at-risk populations.
DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL DIVIDES: AGE GAPS ACROSS EXISTING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Sanders Edie , Mois George , Rogers Wendy , Boot Walter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the necessity of digital technology and the number of devices needed to participate in everyday life increases, understanding age differences in the use of familiar and emerging technologies is crucial for implementing technology-based solutions to enhance independence and wellbeing. We conducted an online survey to understand the types of technology categories used across age groups to support everyday life. Forty younger adults (aged 18-35 years), 40 middle-aged adults (35-64 years), and 40 older adults (65+ years) reported technology use across 13 categories (e.g., smart phones, robots) within the past year. Age-related differences in technology use varied across technology categories. For example, nearly every participant in each age group reported using a computer, a navigation device, a smartphone, and a TV, devices commonly used for everyday activities. Several technologies, including virtual reality and wearable devices, were reported most frequently by middle-aged adults. The use of tablets was reported least frequently by younger adults, voice-activated assistants were reported most frequently by older adults, and gaming consoles were reported less frequently with each increasing age group. Robots were less commonly used, and this pattern was similar for all age groups. These data challenge the idea that older adults are overall less likely to adopt and use technology compared to younger age groups. Understanding technology use at the level of an individual may be more important than at the level of age group for tailoring technology interventions that support everyday activities.
DIGITAL SOCIAL PRESCRIBING LITE: ADDRESSING BARRIERS OF PREVENTIVE INTEGRATED CARE THROUGH COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Gan Daniel , Hoverman Adam , Mulligan Kate 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital social prescribing solutions attempt to integrate health and social care by targeting both preventive and complex health challenges. However, a lack of community engagement impedes referral uptake. This paper uses “customer discovery” to explore and address current barriers of digital social prescribing from the perspectives of service users and staff of health and community sectors. Phase 1 prioritized community perspectives and led to a community-generated place-based wellness model to align interests across sectors. Phase 2 conducted market research with over 70 health and community stakeholders in Metro Vancouver through snowball sampling. Insights were gathered on current referral processes, barriers to social prescribing, and stakeholder perspectives. From the insights shared, it was evident that achieving integrated care faces twin challenges of resource allocation and staff burnout. Funding-related barriers include inadequate partnership, intermittent funds, lack of billable codes, variations in cost, and lack of monitoring and evaluation. Staffing-related barriers include time-intensive processes, outdated information, inappropriate referrals and lack of guidance for quality improvement. Based on insights from stakeholders, initial cross-sectoral implementation may fruitfully focus on preventing the effects of social isolation. This “lite” version of digital social prescribing requires an automated referral and monitoring platform which allows prevention for the masses while flagging complex cases for intervention. This reduces clinician burden and empowers community sector to support wellbeing. The place-based model “Connectedness, feeling At home, and joyful Play” was incorporated into a web app. Digital social prescribing lite may pave the way for data-driven, organic scaling up of preventive integrated care.
DISPARITIES IN LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY LUNG CANCER SCREENING IN THE UNITED STATES: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Tseng Tung-Sung , Li Chien-Ching , Lin Hui-Yi , Witmeier Kelsey N , Chiu Yu-Wen , Celestin Michael , Trapido Edward J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is recommended for high-risk smokers to decrease lung cancer-related mortality and increase prognosis. In the U.S., the uptake of LDCT screening among eligible smokers is suboptimal. The impacts of social-environmental and individual factors on LDCT screening uptake using nationally representative datasets are understudied. The current study investigated multi-level factors associated with LDCT screening using national data.

Methods
The 2017-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, as well as other state-level variables (Medicaid expansion status and the number of screening facilities), were applied. The final study sample consisted of 15640 respondents from 29 states. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex sampling design applied in BRFSS.

Results
The overall utilization rate of LDCT screening is only 18.4%. The LDCT screening rate varied by state (6.2 -31.1%). LDCT screen rates were positively associated with the number of lung cancer screening facilities per 10,000 smokers (r=0.67, p&lt; 0.001). Among the respondents, individuals who were employed, never married, reported good health status, did not have primary care physicians, economic concerns like low income, did not have routine checkups, and did not have certain chronic conditions (i.e., cancer, asthma, COPD) had a lower utilization rate of LDCT screening compared with their counterpart.

Conclusion
The use of LDCT screening among eligible smokers remains low. Enhancing access to care for high-risk individuals, promoting services to diverse racial and socioeconomic groups, and expanding Medicaid coverage to incorporate annual LDCT screening can be used to guide future lung cancer screening programs.
EARLY-LIFE EDUCATION CONTEXTS AND LATE-LIFE COGNITIVE STATUS: TOWARD IDENTIFYING MODIFIABLE RISKS
Authors: Johnson Kimson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The complexity of K-12 school environments arises from their diverse student compositions, historical and geographical contexts, all of which may influence late-life cognition. Despite this, the long-term impacts of these factors on cognitive status in later life are not well understood. This study utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2015-2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 6,980; Mage = 72.5) to investigate how K-12 educational contexts—specifically school racial composition (White, Black, Hispanic, Other, and Mixed) and school setting (Public, Private, Mixed)—affect cognitive status in late life. Cognitive status was assessed in the 2020 HRS biennial wave using the Langa-Weir algorithm, classifying participants into Normal, Cognitive Impairment but No Dementia (CIND), and Dementia categories. After adjusting for sociodemographic and childhood factors, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who attended predominantly Black K-12 schools had a higher risk of CIND and Dementia (RRR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.80 and RRR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.07, respectively). In contrast, those who attended private and mixed schools had a lower relative risk for CIND compared to public school attendees (RRR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.68 and RRR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.79). Additionally, participants from mixed school settings exhibited the lowest relative risk for dementia (RRR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.88). Rural education was associated with a higher relative risk for CIND (RRR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.58) compared to urban education. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to create equitable educational environments that support cognitive health in later life.