bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalp dysesthesia: a neuropathic phenomenon
Authors: Ju T. , Vander Does A. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScalp dysesthesia is an abnormal sensation of the scalp in the absence of cutaneous disease. It is characterized by a burning and/or itching sensation and can be related to a variety of neurogenic or psychogenic causes. This condition is extremely bothersome and is also common‐ especially among the geriatric population, in women, in patients with diabetes mellitus, and patients with psychiatric history. However, despite its prevalence in many populations, there are limited data about its causes and characteristics. Given its limited cutaneous manifestations, it is also easily misdiagnosed and an underrecognized cause of scalp pruritus in the dermatological community. Therefore, education on scalp dysesthesia is paramount to helping physicians identify and provide appropriate treatment for these patients. This review focuses predominantly on the neurogenic causes (with a brief review of psychogenic itch) of scalp dysesthesia and the therapeutics that have been found to be effective for this condition. Neurogenic causes of scalp dysesthesia occur with damage to the central or peripheral pathways of itch sensation, resulting in modification and heightened sensitivity of nerves that result in abnormal sensations in the absence of or out of proportion to external stimuli. A comprehensive review of etiologies is provided here, ranging from lesions to the central nervous system caused by cervical spine disease, trigeminal trophic syndrome, tumor, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, to small‐fiber neuropathies caused by diabetes, brow lifts, keloid, and burn scarring. Recently, there have also been reports of scalp dysesthesias associated with post‐infectious COVID‐19. Treatment options tailored toward disease severity and different causes of disease will also be discussed. By elucidating the different mechanisms and therapeutic treatments of scalp dysesthesia, we hope to provide clinicians with the tools to identify and treat this condition as well as encourage further research into its etiologies and therapeutics.
Positive effect of the INTERCARE nurse‐led model on reducing nursing home transfers: A nonrandomized stepped‐wedge design
Authors: Zúñiga Franziska , Guerbaai Raphaëlle‐Ashley , de Geest Sabina , Popejoy Lori L. , Bartakova Jana , Denhaerynck Kris , Trutschel Diana , Basinska Kornelia , Nicca Dunja , Kressig Reto W. , Zeller Andreas , Wellens Nathalie I. H. , de Pietro Carlo , Desmedt Mario , Serdaly Christine , Simon Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnplanned nursing home (NH) transfers are burdensome for residents and costly for health systems. Innovative nurse‐led models of care focusing on improving in‐house geriatric expertise are needed to decrease unplanned transfers. The aim was to test the clinical effectiveness of a comprehensive, contextually adapted geriatric nurse‐led model of care (INTERCARE) in reducing unplanned transfers from NHs to hospitals.MethodsA multicenter nonrandomized stepped‐wedge design within a hybrid type‐2 effectiveness‐implementation study was implemented in 11 NHs in German‐speaking Switzerland. The first NH enrolled in June 2018 and the last in November 2019. The study lasted 18 months, with a baseline period of 3 months for each NH. Inclusion criteria were 60 or more long‐term care beds and 0.8 or more hospitalizations per 1′000 resident care days. Nine hundred and forty two long‐term NH residents were included between June 2018 and January 2020 with informed consent. Short‐term residents were excluded. The primary outcome was unplanned hospitalizations. A fully anonymized dataset of overall transfers of all NH residents served as validation. Analysis was performed with segmented mixed regression modeling.ResultsThree hundred and three unplanned and 64 planned hospitalizations occurred. During the baseline period, unplanned transfers increased over time (β1 = 0.52), after which the trend significantly changed by a similar but opposite amount (β2 = −0.52; p = 0.0001), resulting in a flattening of the average transfer rate throughout the postimplementation period (β1 + β2 ≈ 0). Controlling for age, gender, and cognitive performance did not affect these trends. The validation set showed a similar flattening trend.ConclusionA complex intervention with six evidence‐based components demonstrated effectiveness in significantly reducing unplanned transfers of NH residents to hospitals. INTERCARE's success was driven by registered nurses in expanded roles and the use of tools for clinical decision‐making.
Incidence of potentially disruptive medical and social events in older adults with and without dementia
Authors: Hunt Lauren J. , Morrison R. Sean , Gan Siqi , Espejo Edie , Ornstein Katherine A. , Boscardin W. John , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPotentially disruptive medical, surgical, and social events—such as pneumonia, hip fracture, and widowhood—may accelerate the trajectory of decline and impact caregiving needs in older adults, especially among people with dementia (PWD). Prior research has focused primarily on nursing home residents with dementia. We sought to assess the incidence of potentially disruptive events in community‐dwelling people with and without dementia.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of participants aged 65+ enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study between 2010 and 2018 (n = 9346), including a subset who were married–partnered at baseline (n = 5105). Dementia was defined with a previously validated algorithm. We calculated age‐adjusted and gender‐stratified incidence per 1000 person‐years and incidence rate ratios of: 1) hospitalization for pneumonia, 2) hip fracture, and 3) widowhood in people with and without dementia.ResultsPWD (n = 596) were older (mean age 84 vs. 75) and a higher proportion were female (67% vs. 57%) than people without dementia (PWoD) (n = 8750). Age‐adjusted incidence rates (per 1000 person‐years) of pneumonia were higher in PWD (113.1; 95% CI 94.3, 131.9) compared to PWoD (62.1; 95% CI 54.7, 69.5), as were hip fractures (12.3; 95% CI 9.1, 15.6 for PWD compared to 8.1; 95% CI 6.9, 9.2 in PWoD). Point estimates of widowhood incidence were slightly higher for PWD (25.3; 95% CI 20.1, 30.5) compared to PWoD (21.9; 95% CI 20.3, 23.5), but differences were not statistically significant. The association of dementia with hip fracture—but not pneumonia or widowhood—was modified by gender (male incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.24, 95% CI 1.34, 3.75 versus female IRR 1.31 95% CI 0.92,1.86); interaction term p = 0.02).ConclusionsCompared to PWoD, community‐dwelling PWD had higher rates of pneumonia and hip fracture, but not widowhood. Knowing how often PWD experience these events can aid in anticipatory guidance and care planning for this growing population.
Geriatric home‐based rehabilitation in Australia: Preliminary data from an inpatient bed‐substitution model
Authors: Loveland Paula M. , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Island Louis , Lim Wen Kwang , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) is an observational longitudinal cohort, including geriatric rehabilitation inpatients aged ≥65 years admitted to a geriatrician‐led rehabilitation service at a tertiary hospital. The aim of this study is to describe a home‐based bed‐substitution rehabilitation model for geriatric inpatients, including patient phenotype, and health outcomes at preadmission, admission, discharge, and three‐month follow‐up.MethodsA standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment was performed on admission and discharge, including demographics (home situation, cognitive impairment, medical diagnoses, etc.), frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)), mobility (patient‐reported and Functional Ambulation Classification), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), handgrip strength), and functional independence (Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL)). Service provision data (health care staff visits, length of stay (LOS), and negative events (e.g., falls)) were extracted from medical records. Three‐month outcomes included mobility, ADL and IADL scores, institutionalization, and mortality.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included with a mean age of 81.1 ± 7.8 years, 56.5% female. Twenty‐nine (31.5%) patients lived alone, 39 (42.4%) had cognitive impairment and the commonest geriatric rehabilitation admission reason was falls (n = 30, 32.6%). Patients received care from nurses, physicians, and a median of four (interquartile range (IQR) 3–6) allied health disciplines for a median LOS of 13.0 days (IQR 10.0–15.0). On a population level, patient mobility and functional independence worsened from preadmission to admission. CFS, SPPB, ADL, and IADL scores improved from admission to discharge, and seven (7.6%) patients fell. At three‐month follow‐up, patient‐reported mobility was comparable to preadmission baseline, but functional independence (ADL, IADL) scores worsened for 27/69 (39.1%) and 28/63 (44.4%), respectively.ConclusionsHospitalization‐associated decline in mobility and functional independence improved at discharge and three‐months, but was not fully reversed in the multidisciplinary home‐based geriatric rehabilitation bed‐substitution service. Future research should compare outcomes to equivalent hospital‐based geriatric rehabilitation and evaluate patient perspectives.
Non‐laser treatment for tattoo removal
Authors: Dash Gaurav , Patil Anant , Kassir Martin , Goldman Mitchel P. , Gold Michael H. , Adatto Maurice , Große‐Büning Stephan , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTattoos are increasingly gathering attention in the young population, especially in second to fourth decade of life. With such trends, rate of its removal also has been on the rise. Treatment options for tattoo removal besides lasers are surgery, radiofrequency, infrared light, cryotherapy, dermabrasion and salabrasion. Unfortunately, none of these procedures are associated with satisfactory cosmetic results due to adverse effects such as scarring and dyspigmentation. Although laser treatment has become the gold standard for tattoo removal, it is also associated with some limitations. Some tattoo inks are resistant to laser, and multiple sessions and multiple wavelengths may be required for its complete removal. Considering these limitations, other treatment modalities for tattoo removal must be explored. This article highlights the non‐laser treatment options for tattoo removal. We reviewed all published literature identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till August 2021 to highlight the non‐laser treatment options for tattoo removal.
Therapeutic outcomes of one‐minute application of sodium hydroxide versus phenol in the chemical cauterization of ingrown toenails
Authors: Gundogdu Mustafa , Botsalı Ayşenur , Vural Seçil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIngrown nails are frequently encountered in dermatology practice. The recurrence tendency of the disorder makes chemical cauterization essential during surgical procedures. In studies comparing nail matrix cauterization with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) versus phenol, phenol's application time was highly variable.ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic outcomes of matrix cauterization for a standard duration of one minute for NaOH versus phenol in stage II and III ingrown nails.Material and methodsThe medical records of patients undergoing matrix cauterization with 10% NaOH or 88% phenol were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was the lack of recurrences on long‐term follow‐up. The secondary outcome measures were complete healing duration, patient‐reported pain scores, and adverse effects related to the procedure.ResultsEnrolled in this study were 62 ingrown toenail sides treated with 10% NaOH and 56 ingrown toenail sides treated with 88% phenol. The mean follow‐up duration was 25.17 months. Recurrence was observed in four nail sides of the NaOH group (%6.45) and three nail sides of the phenol group (%5.35). The difference between the recurrence rates did not reach statistical significance. Patients treated with both methods were free of pain on the post‐procedural tenth day. The visual analog scale pain scores and complete healing duration were similar between the two groups (p>0.05).ConclusionIn a large group with long‐term follow‐up results, the short‐term and long‐term post‐operative treatment outcomes were similar between the one‐minute applications of 10% NaOH versus 88% phenol groups.
Structural brain differences do not mediate the relations between sex and personality or psychopathology
Authors: Hyatt Courtland S. , Listyg Benjamin S. , Owens Max. M. , Carter Nathan T. , Carter Dorothy R. , Lynam Donald R. , Harden K. Paige , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMales and females tend to exhibit small but reliable differences in personality traits and indices of psychopathology that are relatively stable over time and across cultures. Previous work suggests that sex differences in brain structure account for differences in domains of cognition.MethodsWe used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1098) to test whether sex differences in brain morphometry account for observed differences in the personality traits neuroticism and agreeableness, as well as symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. We operationalized brain morphometry in three ways: omnibus measures (e.g., total gray matter volume), Glasser regions defined through a multi‐modal parcellation approach, and Desikan regions defined by structural features of the brain.ResultsMost expected sex differences in personality, psychopathology, and brain morphometry were observed, but the statistical mediation analyses were null: sex differences in brain morphometry did not account for sex differences in personality or psychopathology.ConclusionsMen and women tend to exhibit meaningful differences in personality and psychopathology, as well as in omnibus morphometry and regional morphometric differences as defined by the Glasser and Desikan atlases, but these morphometric differences appear unrelated to the psychological differences.
Chronic hepatitis D—What is changing?
Authors: Yardeni David , Heller Theo , Koh Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is a chronic viral disease of the liver that is still largely considered to be incurable due to lack of effective treatment options. Without treatment, the risk for the development of advanced liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly high. Currently, new therapeutic options are emerging out of ongoing phase 3 clinical trials, promising a new hope of cure for this devastating liver infection. Recently, bulevirtide, a first in its class HDV entry inhibitor, has received conditional authorization of use from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and was also submitted for approval in the United States. Other novel therapeutic options in clincal trials include interferon lambda, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib and nucleic acidic polymers (NAPs). This review describes all recent advances and ongoing changes to the field of HDV therpaeutics.
Shade drives plant community changes of ground‐layer savanna vegetation: Short‐term changes under an experimental approach
Authors: Pinheiro Luiz Felipe Souza , Pilon Natashi Aparecida Lima , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo , Kolb Rosana Marta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimWoody‐plant encroachment is a reality in many savannas worldwide, leading savannas to become replaced by forest ecosystems. As tree density and cover increase, increased shade and litter deposition may suppress the savanna's community of low‐lying plants. By using field manipulation, we tested shading and litter effects, alone and in combination, on the savanna's ground‐layer plant community. We investigated how changes in these environmental factors may affect the composition, structure, and above‐ground biomass in the plant community of a species‐rich Neotropical savanna.LocationSavanna patches in the Cerrado, southeastern Brazil.MethodsAnnual surveys of the herbaceous–shrub layer in a three‐year field manipulation experiment examining shading and litter deposition.ResultsShade negatively affected all evaluated parameters, while litter addition had only minor effects. The largest losses of richness, density, and cover occurred in forbs and grasses. Increased shade resulted in a sharp decrease in the above‐ground biomass of monocots.ConclusionsOur results show that light is a strong environmental filter for the ground‐layer community. The reductions in grass cover and biomass under shade treatments likely altered ecosystem functioning. Woody encroachment can thus be considered to represent a process that can alter the structure and functioning of savannas. Management interventions should therefore be taken to prevent woody encroachment or mitigate its harmful effects on savanna biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Micro‐prosody
Authors: Shaw Jason A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article introduces micro‐prosody as the study of the duration and timing of speech events. We present a descriptive framework, formalising micro‐prosody in terms of gestural landmarks and coordination relations between them, and we use the framework to illustrate different patterns of micro‐prosody across languages. We show that potential ambiguity between coordination relations can be resolved by considering how they structure natural variation in speech. The framework presented here is intended to offer effective tools for phonetic documentation. We end with some considerations for a theory of micro‐prosody, including how micro‐prosody relates to other levels of phonological structure, and a brief discussion of different data types that can be used to infer aspects of micro‐prosody.
Mark‐release‐recapture of ticks: A case study of estimating the abundance of Ixodes persulcatus (Acari, Ixodidae)
Authors: Bugmyrin Sergey V. , Gorbach Vyacheslav V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we tested the applicability of three common methods of absolute abundance estimation—Peterson, Bailey and Jolly‐Seber—to Ixodes persulcatus ticks based on mark‐release‐recapture data. The ticks were collected by flagging during the seasonal activity peak of the ticks in the mid‐taiga zone of Karelia (62.0697°N, 33.9614°E). In total, 108 females and 92 males of I. persulcatus were marked. The marked individuals were captured 161 times before the end of the study period with their proportion in the samples reaching 50%. Females were recaptured more often than males, 105 versus 56 times. Estimates of adult tick abundance ranged from 0.4 to 2 specimens per m2 depending on the calculation method. The obtained estimates of absolute abundance varied unpredictably depending on the length of the intervals between capture sessions and showed no significant correlations with the number of ticks collected by flagging. The choice of the method of tick abundance estimation mainly depends on the study aims. The Petersen method may be useful for quick estimates of local tick abundance, whereas the Jolly‐Seber method allows an estimation of the absolute abundance during the entire period of the tick activity. Individual marking of ticks may improve the accuracy of the estimates.
Retrograde upper esophageal sphincter function… and dysfunction
Authors: Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUpper esophageal sphincter (UES) function has been extensively studied in the context of swallowing and antegrade bolus transit, but relatively little attention has been paid to its retrograde function to facilitate belching. Indeed, prior to 2019, there were only three case reports in the world literature of individuals with a physiologically demonstrated inability to belch due to failure of the UES to relax after gas venting from the stomach and ensuing low‐pressure esophageal distention. In this minireview, that disorder is termed retrograde UES dysfunction (R‐UESD). The associated symptom complex includes some combination of chest pain, gurgling noises in the chest, bloating, nausea, hiccups, and flatulence. The obscurity of R‐UESD has recently been challenged by two large series published in the ENT literature of circumstantially demonstrated R‐UESD that was resolved by botulinum toxin (BT) injection to the cricopharyngeus. The field has now further advanced with the publication in this issue of the Journal by Oude Nijhuis et al. of 8 cases of R‐UESD demonstrated by high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) with a provocative challenge of carbonated water. These individuals were also treated with BT and at 3‐month follow‐up had both an encouraging symptomatic response and HRIM demonstrated resolution of R‐UESD.
The SINGLE FLOWER (SFL) gene encodes a MYB transcription factor that regulates the number of flowers produced by the inflorescence of chickpea
Authors: Caballo Cristina , Berbel Ana , Ortega Raúl , Gil Juan , Millán Teresa , Rubio Josefa , Madueño Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Legumes usually have compound inflorescences, where flowers/pods develop from secondary inflorescences (I2), formed laterally at the primary inflorescence (I1). Number of flowers per I2, characteristic of each legume species, has important ecological and evolutionary relevance as it determines diversity in inflorescence architecture; moreover, it is also agronomically important for its potential impact on yield. Nevertheless, the genetic network controlling the number of flowers per I2 is virtually unknown.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) typically produces one flower per I2 but single flower (sfl) mutants produce two (double‐pod phenotype). We isolated the SFL gene by mapping the sfl‐d mutation and identifying and characterising a second mutant allele. We analysed the effect of sfl on chickpea inflorescence ontogeny with scanning electron microscopy and studied the expression of SFL and meristem identity genes by RNA in situ hybridisation.

We show that SFL corresponds to CaRAX1/2a, which codes a MYB transcription factor specifically expressed in the I2 meristem.

Our findings reveal SFL as a central factor controlling chickpea inflorescence architecture, acting in the I2 meristem to regulate the length of the period for which it remains active, and therefore determining the number of floral meristems that it can produce.
Group decision making under uncertain preferences: powered by AI, empowered by AI
Authors: Xia Lirong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroup decision making is an important, long‐standing, and ubiquitous problem in all societies, where collective decisions must be made by a group of agents despite individual conflicting preferences. This has been a classical and active topic for research in many disciplines, including economics, political science, cognitive and behavioral sciences, statistics, mathematics, and computer science. In this article, I survey some recent progress in theoretical, algorithmic, and engineering work toward building AI‐powered intelligent systems to help agents make group decisions based on uncertain preferences; these systems leverage principles, ideas, and methodologies from multiple disciplines. Empowered by AI, group decision making can handle a broader range of situations at relatively large scales.