bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to the Quantitative Analysis of Bone Surface Modifications: the Bowser Road Mastodon and Implications for the Data to Understand Human-Megafauna Interactions in North America
Authors: Otárola-Castillo Erik R. , Torquato Melissa G. , Keevil Trevor L. , May Alejandra , Coon Sarah , Stow Evalyn J. , Rapes John B. , Harris Jacob A. , Marean Curtis W. , Eren Metin I. , Shea John J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToward the end of the Pleistocene, the world experienced a mass extinction of megafauna. In North America these included its proboscideans—the mammoths and mastodons. Researchers in conservation biology, paleontology, and archaeology have debated the role played by human predation in these extinctions. They point to traces of human butchery, such as cut marks and other bone surface modifications (BSM), as evidence of human-animal interactions—including predation and scavenging, between early Americans and proboscideans. However, others have challenged the validity of the butchery evidence observed on several proboscidean assemblages, largely due to questions of qualitative determination of the agent responsible for creating BSM. This study employs a statistical technique that relies on three-dimensional (3D) imaging data and 3D geometric morphometrics to determine the origin of the BSM observed on the skeletal remains of the Bowser Road mastodon (BR mastodon), excavated in Middletown, New York. These techniques have been shown to have high accuracy in identifying and distinguishing among different types of BSM. To better characterize the BSM on the BR mastodon, we compared them quantitatively to experimental BSM resulting from a stone tool chopping experiment using “Arnold,” the force-calibrated chopper. This study suggests that BSM on the BR mastodon are not consistent with the BSM generated by the experimental chopper. Future controlled experiments will compare other types of BSM to those on BR. This research contributes to continued efforts to decrease the uncertainty surrounding human-megafauna associations at the level of the archaeological site and faunal assemblage—specifically that of the BR mastodon assemblage. Consequently, we also contribute to the dialogue surrounding the character of the human-animal interactions between early Americans and Late Pleistocene megafauna, and the role of human foraging behavior in the latter’s extinction.
Alien vs. herbivore: ant-mediated plant defense as an option for biological control of leafcutter ants
Authors: Schulze-Sylvester Maria , Sylvester Francisco , Torres Víctor Manuel , Paris Carolina Ivon , Corronca José Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeafcutter ants are a major pest in vineyards in Argentina, but their damage to vine plants has not been sufficiently quantified. Biological control against leafcutter ants has not been successful so far. Sugary rewards can trigger ants to act as plant bodyguards against a wide range of herbivores. The Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) is a common invader of vineyards worldwide and has a strong preference for carbohydrates. In a first 10-week field experiment, we attracted L. humile ants to a group of plants using sugar feeders, while no feeders were used for a second group. Ant-excluded control plants were also deployed. We quantified the damage inflicted by the leafcutter ant Amoimyrmex bruchi (Forel) on potted vines with and without L. humile ants. In a second short field experiment, we evaluated the impact of L. humile on A. bruchi foraging through the quantification of foraging activity and the amount of transported material as a function of L. humile presence. We found that A. bruchi caused >90% leaf area reductions in plants without L. humile, while plants where the species was present were rarely attacked and leaves developed similar to those of ant-excluded controls. Active interaction with L. humile decreased A. bruchi’s foraging activity and the amount of material transported by it. This is the first report of A. bruchi as a vineyard pest and the first quantification of the damage inflicted by a leafcutter ant on organic grapevines. We demonstrate that L. humile defends vine plants against herbivore pests and artificial sugar sources boost can this defense service. The development of biological control strategies that include the ecological services of ants as natural enemies of herbivorous pests could become a useful tool in sustainable viticulture and horticulture.
Material-specific predicting of the optimal joining parameters for the screw blind rivet joining process
Authors: Held C. , Hillemeyer J. , Moritzer E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The screw-blind riveting combines direct screwing with the blind riveting. The novel joining element can be integrated into every injection-molded component like a standard screw boss without significantly increasing the processing time. The screw-blind-rivet (SBR) consists of a screw boss connected to a substrate by a thin sleeve. The joining process of screw-blind-riveting can be divided into two phases. The first is the screw-in phase. The screw is secured into the SBR. The second phase is the forming phase. Further turning of the screw will cause the sleeve to buckle out and form an undercut. To qualify the connection element for industrial use, in addition to the strengths of the design, suitable connection parameters are required for the user. The independent parameters of the joining process are the contact pressure of the screw and the screwing-in speed. The rate is reduced to avoid damage and ensure a proper alignment. The speed after the headrest is an additional influencing parameter. The most influencing parameter for the undercut is the rotation angle after the initial screw placement as it affects the shape of the undercut. The larger the undercut is, the more stable the rivet. However, the larger the undercut is, the more deformations and material damage occur. Thus, the optimal angle for the forming depends on the material of the rivet. Consequently, the deformation angle must be selected depending on the material properties. For this, various materials were tested. The results show a well predictability of the optimum joining parameters by using the elongation at yield stress of the used material.
A hybrid spectral clustering simulated annealing algorithm for the street patrol districting problem
Authors: Jiang Yirui , Zhao Shan , Li Hongwei , Qin Yulu , Yang Xiaoyue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReasonable districting plays an important role in the patrolling process. In this paper, workload attributes are considered, and a mixed integer programming model is developed to solve the street patrol districting problem (SPDP). The improved spectral clustering algorithm named spectral clustering algorithm based on the road network (SCRn) and simulated annealing algorithm (SA) are combined. This results in a hybrid algorithm called SCRn-SA. The SCRn-SA algorithm is tested on small examples and real instances in Zhengzhou, China. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for solving SPDP. It has better performance when compared to other advanced algorithms.
Distribution matching and structure preservation for domain adaptation
Authors: Li Ping , Ni Zhiwei , Zhu Xuhui , Song Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCross-domain classification refers to completing the corresponding classification task in a target domain which lacks label information, by exploring useful knowledge in a related source domain but with different data distribution. Domain adaptation can deal with such cross-domain classification, by reducing divergence of domains and transferring the relevant knowledge from the source to the target. To mine the discriminant information of the source domain samples and the geometric structure information of domains, and thus improve domain adaptation performance, this paper proposes a novel method involving distribution matching and structure preservation for domain adaptation (DMSP). First, it aligns the subspaces of the source domain and target domain on the Grassmann manifold; and learns the non-distorted embedded feature representations of the two domains. Second, in this embedded feature space, the empirical structure risk minimization method with distribution adaptation regularization and intra-domain graph regularization is used to learn an adaptive classifier, further adapting the source and target domains. Finally, we perform extensive experiments on widely used cross-domain classification datasets to validate the superiority of DMSP. The average classification accuracy of DMSP on these datasets is the highest compared with several state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods.
Energy efficiency initiatives and the academic community’s behaviour: a Brazilian experience
Authors: Rebelatto Bianca Gasparetto , Salvia Amanda Lange , Reginatto Giovana , Brandli Luciana , Frandoloso Marcos Antonio Leite 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals are part of the 2030 Agenda and the seventh goal is dedicated to affordable and clean energy, aiming to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Energy efficiency is an important component of this goal and is associated with reducing energy consumption and its costs and increasing the source of clean energy production. Some authors have been discussing the relation between theory and practice of sustainability, and how the practice can contribute to behaviour change. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to assess the level of knowledge of the academic community about energy efficiency practices implemented during recent years by the University of Passo Fundo, in Brazil, and students, professors and employees’ energy behaviour. The paper intends to illustrate how education practices on energy efficiency can be added to universities’ actions to improve the progress towards reducing energy consumption and promoting occupants’ change of behaviour on campus. The methodology represents a case study of the University, based on a questionnaire applied to the academic community, with a sample of 400 respondents. The results showed that the university should invest more in its energy efficiency actions but always connecting these with the academic community and highlighting their importance for the success of the practices and for a more sustainable culture on campus. Our findings show the importance of connecting energy efficiency initiatives to the academic community’s behaviour, and especially of making these initiatives more visible and engaging. The contribution of this study is expected to support other educational institutions developing similar strategies in the energy context, but could also be useful to other sectors and sustainability topics, as the need for further dissemination and awareness-raising efforts is universal.
Cross-Sectional Study on Risk of Flooding and Landslides and Their Associated Perceptions Among Home Health-Care Patients Living in Fukui Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Yoshida Makoto , Miyatake Hirotomo , Masunaga Hidehisa , Kosaka Makoto , Kaneda Yudai , Kotera Yasuhiro , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Tsunetoshi Chie , Yoshida Izumi , Ogawa Fubuki , Ozaki Akihiko , Beniya Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate a risk of flooding and landslides among home-care patients, to reveal an extent to which patients require support for evacuation, and to determine whether risk was accurately perceived among the patients.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study targeting the patients who were actively treated at the home-care clinic in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. We collected data on the patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, we collected data on their risk of flooding and landslides through hazard maps and distributed a questionnaire to these patients regarding their risk awareness of flooding and landslides.

Results:
Of the 199 eligible home-care patients, 84.9% (169 of 199) were at risk of flooding and/or landslides, and 58.6% (99 of 169) of them needs support during evacuation. Furthermore, of those who were at risk of flooding and/or landslides, 46.0% (45 of 99) had accurate risk assessments. Factors that resulted in inadequate risk awareness of flooding and landslides included: not placing importance on evacuation, not using medical equipment, and living on the first floor.

Conclusions:
There was limited risk awareness of flooding and/or landslides among the home-care patients. The information of the risk factors regarding inadequate risk awareness of flooding and landslides should be used to sophisticate flooding and landslides evacuation strategy.
Needs Assessment and Best Practices for Digital Trainings for Health Professionals in Ethiopia Using the RE-AIM Framework: COVID-19, Case Study
Authors: Yudkin Joshua S. , Hodes Richard M. , Sandler-Loeff Avital , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
This study is aimed to assess the implementation science outcomes of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) e-health educational intervention in Ethiopia targeting health care workers via the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adaption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework.

Methods:
A series of three 1-hour medical seminars focused on COVID-19 prevention and treatment education were conducted between May and August 2020. Educational content was built from medical sites previously impacted by COVID-19. Post-seminar evaluation information was collected from physician and other participants by a survey instrument. Cross-sectional evaluation results are reported here by RE-AIM constructs.

Results:
The medical seminars reached 324 participants. Key success metrics include that 90% reporting the information delivered in a culturally sensitive/tailored manner (effectiveness), 80% reporting that they planned to share the information presented with someone else (adoption and implementation), and 64% reporting using information presented in their daily clinical responsibilities 6 months after the first medical seminars (maintenance).

Conclusion:
Grounded in a theoretical framework and following evidence-based best practices, this intervention advances the field of dissemination and implementation science by demonstrating how to transition health care training and delivery from an in-person to digital medium in low-resource settings like Ethiopia.
Discussions About COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter in Turkey: Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Mermer Gülengül , Özsezer Gözde 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectives:The present study aims to examine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination discussions on Twitter in Turkey and conduct sentiment analysis.Methods:The current study performed sentiment analysis of Twitter data with the artificial intelligence (AI) Natural Language Processing (NLP) method. The tweets were retrieved retrospectively from March 10, 2020, when the first COVID-19 case was seen in Turkey, to April 18, 2022. A total of 10,308 tweets accessed. The data were filtered before analysis due to excessive noise. First, the text is tokenized. Many steps were applied in normalizing texts. Tweets about the COVID-19 vaccines were classified according to basic emotion categories using sentiment analysis. The resulting dataset was used for training and testing ML (ML) classifiers.Results:It was determined that 7.50% of the tweeters had positive, 0.59% negative, and 91.91% neutral opinions about the COVID-19 vaccination. When the accuracy values of the ML algorithms used in this study were examined, it was seen that the XGBoost (XGB) algorithm had higher scores.Conclusions:Three of 4 tweets consist of negative and neutral emotions. The responsibility of professional chambers and the public is essential in transforming these neutral and negative feelings into positive ones.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward COVID-19 Among Rural Residents of Hebei Province: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Fang Tingting , Li Yanling , Jiang Donghui , Liu Lan , Fan Fengning , Chen Yuping , Zhao Zihui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide due to high infectivity. The social sexual environment in rural areas of China and the weak basic medical facilities may affect the treatment and transmission of the disease. The aim of this study was to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 among residents in rural areas experiencing the epidemic and the factors, to provide a basis for further epidemic prevention and control.

Methods:
The COVID-19 KAP of rural residents in Hebei Province was collected by the snowball sampling method. The COVID-19 KAP questionnaire was distributed on social platforms such as WeChat and QQ through a network questionnaire.

Results:
The overall level of COVID-19 KAP in rural residents was good, but in terms of knowledge, the correct rate of isolation was 73.2%, the correct rates of 2 disinfection items were 72.3% and 77.4%, and the correct rate of hand-washing was 70.7%; 54.5% residents felt panic; 81.0% disinfected household items; and 84.9% washed their hands correctly. Residents still needed to strengthen these aspects. A binary logistic analysis showed that age, education, and participation in training were factors affecting the level of COVID-19 KAP.

Conclusions:
This study found that rural residents had good levels of COVID-19 KAP, but there were gaps in specific issues that warrant attention. We advocate training on COVID-19 for rural residents.
Pour (tear) gas on fire? Violent confrontations and anti-government backlash
Authors: Chau Tak-Huen , Wan Kin-Man 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow do voters in a developed economy react to political violence at the ballot box? Most of the current literature suggests that a social movement turning violent dampens its support. To this end, we examine the effect of violent clashes and indiscriminate state repression on Hong Kong's 2019 municipal election. Using original geocoded data, we proxy violence and repression by the frequency of police shooting tear gas rounds at protesters. Despite the movement turning in part violent, the presence of indiscriminate state repression reduces regime support. We offer evidence that repression de-mobilized pro-regime voters. We discuss possible explanations behind our findings and how the specificity of political violence may matter in shaping public support in protest movements.
Numerical simulation of rim seal flows in axial turbines
Authors: Boudet J. , Autef V. N. D. , Chew J. W. , Hills N. J. , Gentilhomme O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a gas turbine, ingestion of hot gas into the high-pressure turbine disc cavities could cause metal overheat. To prevent this, cool air is taken from the compressor and ejected through the cavities. However, this sealing flow also reduces the overall efficiency, and a compromise has to be found between the level of ingestion tolerated and the losses. Recent advances made in applying Computational Fluid Dynamics to such configurations are presented, with the aim of better understanding the physical phenomena and providing reliable design tools. First, results showing the pumping effect of the rotating disc are presented, including the influence of flow instabilities observed in both computational and experimental results. Second, the influence of the main annulus pressure asymmetries are analysed on a simplified representation of an available experiment, showing the combined influence of asymmetries generated by vanes and struts. Finally, a rim seal geometry representative of aero-engine design is studied in comparison to experiment, exhibiting the coupled influence of the cavity instabilities and annulus asymmetries.
Nature of the evidence base and strengths, challenges and recommendations in the area of nutrition and health claims: a position paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences
Authors: Ashwell Margaret , Hickson Mary , Stanner Sara , Prentice Ann , Williams Christine M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe regulation of health claims for foods by the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation is intended, primarily, to protect consumers from unscrupulous claims by ensuring claims are accurate and substantiated with high quality scientific evidence. In this position paper, the Academy of Nutrition Sciences uniquely recognises the strengths of the transparent, rigorous scientific assessment by independent scientists of the evidence underpinning claims in Europe, an approach now independently adopted in UK. Further strengths are the separation of risk assessment from risk management, and the extensive guidance for those submitting claims. Nevertheless, four main challenges in assessing the scientific evidence and context remain: (i) defining a healthy population, (ii) undertaking efficacy trials for foods, (iii) developing clearly defined biomarkers for some trial outcomes and (iv) ensuring the composition of a food bearing a health claim is consistent with generally accepted nutrition principles. Although the Regulation aims to protect the consumer from harm, we identify some challenges from consumer research: (i) making the wording of some health claims more easily understood and (ii) understanding the implications of the misperceptions around products bearing nutrition or health claims. Recommendations are made to overcome these challenges. Further, the Academy recommends that a dialogue is developed with the relevant national bodies about Article 12(c) in the Regulation. This should further clarify the GB Guidance to avoid the current non-level playing field between health professionals and untrained ‘influencers’ who are not covered by this Article about the communication of authorised claims within commercial communications.
The Admissibility of Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in Malawi: A Call for Reliability Safeguards
Authors: Makanje Gift Dorothy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExpert evidence is an increasingly prominent feature of criminal litigation. Confidence in the reliability of such evidence is therefore vital to the integrity of the justice process. Of late, there have been concerns in most jurisdictions that liberal admissibility standards allow expert evidence of doubtful reliability to be admitted by courts, leading to miscarriages of justice. Consequently, most adversarial common law systems now apply reliability standards to the reception of expert evidence. Malawian law makes provision for the admissibility of expert evidence on mere production if the parties to the case consent. This article critically evaluates this position, arguing that it provides no safeguards for assessing the reliability of expert evidence, thereby making the criminal justice system prone to injustices and challenges related to the use of such evidence. It proceeds to consider how the law and the courts can enhance the reliability of expert evidence in criminal proceedings.