bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface NMR using quantum sensors in diamond
Authors: Liu Kristina S. , Henning Alex , Heindl Markus W. , Allert Robin D. , Bartl Johannes D. , Sharp Ian D. , Rizzato Roberto , Bucher Dominik B. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Many of the functions and applications of materials in catalysis, energy conversion, drug delivery, bioanalysis, and electronics are based on their interfacial properties and structures. The characterization of their molecular properties under ambient or chemically reactive conditions is a fundamental scientific challenge. Here, we develop a surface-sensitive magnetic resonance technique that combines the nanoscale-sensing capabilities of defects in diamond with a high precision and versatile protocol for diamond surface modification. We demonstrate the functionality of this method for probing the molecular properties and kinetics at surfaces and interfaces under ambient conditions.
After the storm
Authors: Doerr Nicole , Gardner Beth Gharrity 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the translational practices of far-right activists in Germany through content analysis of storytelling about the January 6 storming of the US Capitol in influential German alternative news websites. Findings reveal how far-right commentators used their intermediary position to re-narrate, translate, and convert ‘mainstream’ accounts of an exceptionally contentious event into stories supporting far-right- wing and extremist identities. Re-narrations of January 6 events characterized protesters as victim-heroes and contrasted them with the true villains responsible for the chaos and violence, which included a broad spectrum of political actors on the ideological left writ large.
Doubly-heavy tetraquark states

and

*
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Yang Youchang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the recent observation of a very narrow state, called

, by the LHCb collaboration, the possible bound states and low-lying resonance states of the doubly-heavy tetraquark states

(

) and

(

) are searched in the framework of a chiral quark model with an accurate few-body method, the Gaussian expansion method. The real scaling method is also applied to identify the genuine resonance states. In the calculation, the meson–meson structure, diquark–antidiquark structure, and their coupling are all considered. The numerical results show: (i) For

and

, only

states are bound in different quark structures. The binding energy varies from a few MeV for the meson–meson structure to over 100 MeV for the diquark–antidiquark structure. For example, for

, in the meson–meson structure, there exists a weakly bound molecule

state around 3841.4 MeV, 1.8 MeV below the

, which may be a good candidate for the observed state by LHCb; however in the diquark–antidiquark structure, a deeper bound state with mass 3700.9 MeV is obtained. When considering the structure mixing, the energy of system decreases to 3660.7 MeV and the shallow bound state disappears. (ii) Besides bound states, several resonance states for

with

are proposed.
Running coupling effect in next-to-leading order Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equations *
Authors: Xiang Wenchang , Wang Mengliang , Cai Yanbing , Zhou Daicui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Balitsky-Kovchegov equations in projectile and target rapidity representations are analytically solved for fixed and running coupling cases in the saturation domain. Interestingly, we find that the respective analytic S-matrices in the two rapidity representations have almost the same rapidity dependence in the exponent in the running coupling case, which provides a method to explain why the equally good fits to HERA data were obtained when using three different Balitsky-Kovchegov equations formulated in the two representations. To test the analytic outcomes, we solve the Balitsky-Kovchegov equations and numerically compute the ratios between these dipole amplitudes in the saturation region. The ratios are close to one, which confirms the analytic results. Moreover, the running coupling, collinearly-improved, and extended full collinearly-improved Balitsky-Kovchegov equations are used to fit the HERA data. We find that all of them provide high quality descriptions of the data, and the

obtained from the fits are similar. Both the analytic and numerical calculations imply that the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation at the running coupling level is robust and has a sufficiently strong predictive power at HERA energies; however, higher order corrections could be significant for future experiments, such as those at the EIC or LHeC.
Active control for the flow around various geometries through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Mei Yu-Fei , Zheng Chun , Hua Yue , Zhao Qiang , Wu Peng , Wu Wei-Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method, the active flow control strategy obtained from artificial neural networks (ANNs) is applied to reducing the drag force of various blunt bodies. The control strategy is realized by the agent described by ANNs model which maps appropriate environment sensing signals and control actions, and ANNs are constructed by exploring the controlled system through proximal policy optimization method. The drag reduction effect for ellipse, square, hexagon and diamond geometries under double- and triple-jets control is systematically studied, and the robustness of DRL jet control method is verified. The numerical results show that the drag reduction effect of triple-jets control is significantly better than that of double-jets control when Reynolds number is 80 and angle of attack is 0, and under the triple-jets control situation, the DRL agent can significantly reduce the drag by approximately 11.50%, 10.56%, 8.35%, and 2.78% for ellipse, square, hexagon and diamond model, respectively. In addition, based on the ellipse model, the drag reduction effect of the active control strategy under different AOA and different Reynolds numbers are further studied. When the AOA of ellipse configuration are 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° and the Reynolds number remains 80, the control strategies of DRL achieve the drag reduction of 5.44%, 0.59%, 11.67% and 0.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, when the AOA is 0, the drag reduction reaches 10.84% and 23.63% under the condition of the Reynolds number is 160 and 320, respectively. The significant control effect shows that the reinforcement learning method coupled with the ANNs shows a powerful ability to identical system when facing control problem with high-dimensional nonlinear characteristics. The ability to identify complex systems also shows that DRL methods can be further applied to active flow control under conditions of higher Reynolds number.
Probing transfer learning with a model of synthetic correlated datasets
Authors: Gerace Federica , Saglietti Luca , Sarao Mannelli Stefano , Saxe Andrew , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Transfer learning can significantly improve the sample efficiency of neural networks, by exploiting the relatedness between a data-scarce target task and a data-abundant source task. Despite years of successful applications, transfer learning practice often relies on ad-hoc solutions, while theoretical understanding of these procedures is still limited. In the present work, we re-think a solvable model of synthetic data as a framework for modeling correlation between data-sets. This setup allows for an analytic characterization of the generalization performance obtained when transferring the learned feature map from the source to the target task. Focusing on the problem of training two-layer networks in a binary classification setting, we show that our model can capture a range of salient features of transfer learning with real data. Moreover, by exploiting parametric control over the correlation between the two data-sets, we systematically investigate under which conditions the transfer of features is beneficial for generalization.
Sympathy for a Serial Killer: Malick’s Badlands, Visual Metaphor and Frankfurt’s Concept of a Person
Authors: Walden Scott 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many creatures exhibit desires of various strengths competing with one another for the prize of interacting with beliefs to cause behaviour. Harry Frankfurt famously analyzes persons in terms of the ability to form second-order desires; desires that intervene in this economy of first-order desires in ways that sometimes award the prize to weaker competitors. This paper augments Frankfurt’s analysis with Kendall Walton’s understanding of pretence behaviour and then interprets the central metaphors in several films by Terrence Malick in terms of this augmented analysis. The result is an understanding of those films as investigations into personhood and factors that inhibit attempts to manifest it. Along the way, the discussion touches on the relation between linguistic and visual metaphor, the potentially ethical character of art, and the question of whether a valid interpretation must be congruent with the actual communicative intentions of the artist.
Steering A Middle Course: The Domestic Sources of China’s Rare Earth Strategy
Authors: Duan Xiaolin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
China’s recent use of rare earth (RE) as a tool in handling interstate crises has aroused global concern. However, popular narratives misinterpret China’s RE strategy, tending to exaggerate its assertiveness and possible ill effects on the international community. Pundits and scholarly works usually take China’s so-called weaponization of RE for granted, thus overlooking the domestic reasons for such policymaking. Using the advocacy coalition framework, this article examines the domestic sources of China’s policymaking, focusing on the academic, corporate, and policy practitioners that have frequently influenced the RE policy determination process. Three factors are highlighted, namely: (1) technical information concerning the minerals and the industry; (2) the system structure, characterized by state actors’ state-capitalist industrial integration, and certain actors’ resistance to it; and (3) the belief system implied by resource nationalism, which is also challenged. After weighing the pros and cons and examining the balance of competing domestic interests and beliefs, the analysis finds that China has been steering a middle course in its use of RE as a tool of economic statecraft. China’s RE strategy is found mostly to serve economic interests and, by extension, to help China gain the upper hand in great power high-tech competition. In foreign policy, RE provides a diplomatic signalling mechanism and a weapon of deterrence. However, Beijing is quite clear about the advantages and disadvantages of RE in the industry value chain, which, within domestic and international constraints, de facto preclude extreme trade restrictions, such as an embargo.
Left ventricular remodelling patterns in patients with moderate aortic stenosis
Authors: Stassen Jan , Ewe See Hooi , Hirasawa Kensuke , Butcher Steele C , Singh Gurpreet K , Amanullah Mohammed R , Sin Kenny Y K , Ding Zee P , Pio Stephan M , Chew Nicholas W S , Sia Ching Hui , Kong William K F , Poh Kian Keong , Cohen David J , Généreux Philippe , Leon Martin B , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Because outcomes in patients with AS are ultimately driven by the condition of the left ventricle (LV) and not by the valve, assessment of LV remodelling seems important for risk stratification. This study evaluated the association between different LV remodelling patterns and outcomes in patients with moderate AS.

Methods and results
Patients with moderate AS (aortic valve area 1.0–1.5 cm2) were identified and stratified into four groups according to the LV remodelling pattern: normal geometry (NG), concentric remodelling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), or eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Clinical outcomes were defined as all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and aortic valve replacement (AVR). Of 1931 patients with moderate AS (age 73 ± 10 years, 52% men), 344 (18%) had NG, 469 (24%) CR, 698 (36%) CH, and 420 (22%) EH. Patients with CH and EH showed higher 3-year mortality rates (28% and 32%, respectively) when compared with patients with NG (19%) (P &lt; 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, CH remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.258, 95% CI 1.016–1.558; P = 0.035), whereas both CH (HR 1.291, 95% CI 1.088–1.532; P = 0.003) and EH (HR 1.217, 95% CI 1.008–1.470; P = 0.042) were associated with the composite endpoint of death or AVR.

Conclusion
In patients with moderate AS, those who develop CH already have an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Assessment of the LV remodelling patterns may identify patients at higher risk of adverse events, warranting closer surveillance, and possibly earlier intervention.
A dose–response relationship of renin–angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers in patients with acute heart failure syndrome: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Kyung An , Kim Eui-Soon , Youn Jong-Chan , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Hae-Young , Cho Hyun-Jai , Choi Jin-Oh , Jeon Eun-Seok , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Hwang Kyung-Kuk , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Kang Seok-Min , Choi Dong-Ju , Yoo Byung-Su , Kim Kye Hun , Oh Byung-Hee , Baek Sang Hong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
It remains unclear if patients with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) need to reach the maximally tolerated doses of renin–angiotensin system blockers (RASBs) or beta-blockers (BBs) to obtain a survival benefit. This study evaluated the dose–response relationship between RASBs or BBs and survival in AHFS patients.

Methods and results
In total, 5331 patients in the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry were analysed based on the doses of RASBs and BBs at discharge. In AHFS patients, RASB use at discharge was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk. This effect was dose-dependent for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but did not attain statistical significance for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BB use at discharge was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients but not in HFpEF patients. In an additional analysis of 4613 patients with dosage information at the first post-discharge follow-up visit, a significantly higher mortality risk was associated with the maintenance or withdrawal of RASBs compared with up-titrating the dose in HFrEF patients.

Conclusion
Using RASBs or BBs at discharge was associated with improved survival. A dose–response relationship between RASBs and all-cause mortality was evident in AHFS patients with a reduced ejection fraction but not BBs. It is important to initiate and up-titrate RASBs to the maximally tolerated dose in AHFS patients during the transition period, especially for patients with a reduced ejection fraction.
Mental health-related risk factors and interventions in patients with heart failure: a position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
Authors: Ladwig Karl-Heinz , Baghai Thomas C , Doyle Frank , Hamer Mark , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Kunschitz Evelyn , Lemogne Cédric , Beresnevaite Margarita , Compare Angelo , von Känel Roland , Sager Hendrik B , Kop Willem Johan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The prevalence and public health burden of chronic heart failure (CHF) in Europe is steadily increasing mainly caused by the ageing population and prolonged survival of patients with CHF. Frequent hospitalizations, high morbidity and mortality rates, and enormous healthcare costs contribute to the health-related burden. However, multidisciplinary frameworks that emphasize effective long-term management and the psychological needs of the patients are sparse. The present position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) provides a comprehensive overview on the scientific evidence of psychosocial aspects of heart failure (HF). In order to synthesize newly available information and reinforce best medical practice, information was gathered via literature reviews and consultations of experts. It covers the evidence for aetiological and prospective psychosocial risk factors and major underlying psycho-biological mechanisms. The paper elucidates the need to include psychosocial aspects in self-care concepts and critically reviews the current shortcomings of psychotherapeutic and psycho-pharmacological interventions. It also highlights the need for involvement of psychological support in device therapy for patients with HF and finally calls for better palliative care in the final stage of HF progression.
Childhood Stressors, Relationship Quality, and Cognitive Health in Later Life
Authors: Thomas Patricia A , Williams-Farrelly Monica M , Sauerteig Madison R , Ferraro Kenneth F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The rising prevalence of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and related disorders signals the need for a better understanding of how social factors may affect cognitive health for millions of Americans. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, we aim to understand the implications of a stressful childhood on social relationships and cognitive health in later life.

Methods
This study utilizes longitudinal data (2006–2016) from the Health and Retirement Study to examine pathways, both direct and indirect through social relationships in adulthood, from childhood stressors to cognitive health trajectories over time.

Results
Respondents reporting a greater number of stressors in childhood had worse cognitive health over time, but those negative effects were not as steep as time progressed. Early-life stressors are also associated with less social support and more social strain in adulthood which, in turn, are associated with initial cognitive health. Finally, pathway analyses confirm that childhood stressors are indirectly associated with initial cognitive health through social strain and social support.

Discussion
Findings reveal that a stressful childhood creates chains of risks that have lifelong implications for cognitive health, both directly and indirectly by creating obstacles for developing healthy and supportive social relationships.
Verbal and Nonverbal Expressions of Persons Living With Dementia as Indicators of Person-Centered Caregiving
Authors: Staehler Maya , Benson Clark , Block Laura , Roberts Tonya , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Improved measures capable of capturing the influence of person-centered caregiving by staff in formal care settings on people living with dementia beyond deficit-oriented outcomes such as absence or reduction of symptoms are important for measuring progress toward improvements in well-being. This exploratory ethnographic study aimed to identify verbal and nonverbal expressions evidenced by people living with dementia surrounding person-centered caregiving approaches and to consider their use in informing temporally specific observational measures.

Research Design and Methods
This study adopted a microethnographic approach through secondary analysis of 5.3 h of audiovisual observations of people living with dementia (N = 9) in nursing home settings at mealtimes. We observed expressions surrounding person-centered caregiving approaches. A systematic review of audiovisual observations generated codes (observable indicators) of expressions that were characterized at their most discrete and unambiguous level.

Results
Drawing from 82 observable verbal and nonverbal expressions by people living with dementia, 14 discrete observable indicators were identified, broadly evidencing shifts in engagement and communication. We found that people living with dementia’s expressions served both responsive and initiatory communicative purposes.

Discussion and Implications
Efforts to expand positive outcome measurement for people living with dementia should extend beyond characterizing them as passive respondents toward active participants in their lived experiences. Identified observable indicators can inform efforts to refine and validate measures of expressions among people living with dementia. Further research can extend this inquiry into different contexts and engage input from people living with dementia and caregivers.
Hope’s Relations: A Theory of the ‘Right to Hope’ in European Human Rights Law
Authors: Trotter Sarah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the notion of a ‘right to hope’ has emerged in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. This article offers an account of how this right has been constructed and of how hope is conceptualised in European human rights law. It examines the origins of the ‘right to hope’, the meaning of hope in this context and the relationship that is depicted between hope and dignity. It argues that hope is conceived of here as relational and that one way of thinking about the right to hope in this sense is as a right to recognition. This has two dimensions: one involving the recognition of the individual by others and another involving the recognition of the individual in and through law. The latter implies a certain relationship of dependency between the individual and European human rights law, with hope itself coming to be constructed as an individual responsibility.
Assessing the Economic Impact of Lockdowns in Italy: A Computational Input–Output Approach
Authors: Reissl Severin , Caiani Alessandro , Lamperti Francesco , Guerini Mattia , Vanni Fabio , Fagiolo Giorgio , Ferraresi Tommaso , Ghezzi Leonardo , Napoletano Mauro , Roventini Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We build a novel interregional computational input–output model to assess the economic impact of lockdowns in Italy. Lockdowns are modeled as shocks to labor supply, calibrated on regional and sectoral employment data coupled with the prescriptions of government decrees. When estimated on data from the first lockdown, our model closely reproduces the observed economic dynamics during spring 2020. We also show that the model delivers a good out-of-sample performance during fall and winter 2020 and demonstrate that it can be used to analyze counterfactual scenarios.
A spatial statistical approach for identifying population structuring of marine fish species: European sprat as a case study
Authors: Lindegren Martin , van Deurs Mikael , Maureaud Aurore , Thorson James T , Bekkevold Dorte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany marine fish species are widely distributed over large areas. Failing to acknowledge that such species may be composed of distinct populations may result in overestimation of the stock's true harvest potential. To avoid overexploitation, ways to identify population structuring are therefore needed. In this study, we developed and applied a statistical approach to identify biologically relevant population boundaries for a widely distributed marine fish species, European sprat (Sprattus sprattus). Specifically, we compiled and standardized multiple trawl-survey data sets and used a range of statistical tools to assess whether the current management boundaries adequately account for potential population structuring. Our results demonstrate regional differences in spatial abundance patterns, temporal dynamics and population demographics. These findings are in line with recent genetic studies of sprat, indicating reproductive isolation between the Baltic Sea/Kattegat and a larger cluster containing the North-, Irish-, Celtic Sea, and Bay of Biscay. Since relying on routinely collected survey data, our statistical approach can be a cost-effective complement to population genetic methods for detecting population structuring. These can be used to guide spatial management efforts and ensure sustainable exploitation, especially under climate change and the expected changes in species distributions across current management borders.