bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Versus Analog Signal Processing: Effect of Directional Microphone
Authors: Valente Michael , Sweetow Robert , Potts Lisa G. , Bingea Becky 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferences in performance were evaluated between the Widex Senso C8 (omnidirectional) and C9 (directional) hearing aids and analog hearing aids currently worn by 40 subjects with hearing loss. Subjects were fit with the C8 and C9 using the manufacturer's recommended procedure. Differences in performance between the C8 and C9 and the subjects' own hearing aids were assessed using the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test administered at +7, 0, and -7 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the noise fixed at 65 and 75 dB SPL. Also, a questionnaire was completed assessing differences in preference between the C9 and the subjects' own hearing aids. The major finding was the presence of a significant advantage of the C9 relative to the C8 and the subjects' own hearing aids at each experimental condition. The magnitude of the advantage provided by the C9 increased as the SNR became more difficult. However, significant differences were not present between the C8 and the subjects' own hearing aids at any experimental condition. The questionnaire revealed a statistically significant preference for the C9 in comparison to the subjects' own hearing aids.
Abbreviations: ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CIC = completely in the canal, DSP = digital signal processing, FBR = front-to-back ratio, HP = high predictability, ITE = in the ear, LP = low predictability, PI = performance intensity, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, SPIN = Speech Perception in Noise
Intrasubject Test-Retest Reliability in Tympanic Electrocochleography
Authors: Park Debra L. , Ferraro John A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo help establish the clinical reliability of electrocochleography (ECochG), we defined normal limits of variability for the summating potential (SP)/auditory nerve action potential (AP) amplitude ratio across multiple recording sessions from the same subjects. ECochG was recorded bilaterally from the tympanic membranes of 10 normal-hearing adults at six sessions separated by 2– to 14–day intervals. The measures of variability examined included overall range, overall average standard deviation, and mean average difference. Examiner improvement over the six sessions also was examined. Results from the variability data indicate that the reliability of tympanic ECochG can be determined by how many of the measures of variability fall within the normal limits established in this study. No significant examiner improvement was seen between the first three and last three recording sessions.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, AP = action potential, dB SL = decibels referenced to sensation level, ECochG = electrocochleography, ECochGm = electrocochleogram, MD/ELH = Meniere's disease/endolymphatic hydrops, N1 = first peak of the AP, SP = summating potential, TM = tympanic membrane
Sertraline Hydrochloride Withdrawal-Induced Unilateral Tinnitus: Case Study
Authors: Navarro Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft—Roeris Division, Pfizer Incorporated, New York) is an antidepressant medication that has numerous side effects, including dizziness, nausea, and tinnitus, documented during the period of medication. This presentation reports on Zoloft-induced unilateral tinnitus that resulted from withdrawal of the medication in a male patient with bilateral hereditary sensory hearing loss and concomitant clinical depression.
Comparison of Performance across Three Directional Hearing Aids
Authors: Ricketts Todd , Dhar Sumit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study compared the speech recognition performance of 12 hearing-impaired listeners fit with three commercially available behind-the-ear hearing aids in both directional and omnidirectional modes. One digitally programmable analog and two "true digital" hearing aids were selected as test instruments. Testing was completed in both "living room" and anechoic room environments. Speech recognition was examined using modified forms of the Hearing in Noise Test and the Nonsense Syllable Test. The single competing stimuli of these tests were replaced with five uncorrelated competing sources. Results revealed a significant speech recognition in noise advantage for all directional hearing aids in comparison to their omnidirectional counterparts. Maximum performance of the directional hearing aids did not significantly vary across circuit type, suggesting that processing differences did not affect maximum directional hearing aid performance. In addition, the results suggest that performance in one reverberant environment cannot be used to accurately predict performance in an environment with differing reverberation.
Abbreviations: A = Phonak Piconet P2 AZ™ omnidirectional; AD = Phonak Piconet P2 AZ™ directional; BTE = behind the ear; HINT = Hearing in Noise Test; KEMAR = Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research; NST = Nonsense Syllable Test; Ρ = Siemens Prisma omnidirectional; PD = Siemens PrismaTM directional; PV = Siemens Prisma omnidirectional with maximum VAD; S = Widex Senso™ omnidirectional; SD = Widex Senso directional; SNR = signal-to-noise ratio; TD = threshold of discomfort; VAD = voice activity detector; WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Hearing-aid-processed Tone Pips: Electroacoustic and ABR Characteristics
Authors: Brown Eugene , Klein Alan J. , Snydee Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe auditory brainstem response (ABR) recorded while wearing a hearing aid may supply supplemental information about the benefit and appropriateness of the hearing aid for certain infants. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effects of different output limiting circuits on the acoustics of tone-pip stimuli used for ABR recordings and (2) assess how changes in hearing-aid-processed stimuli affect ABR characteristics. Electroacoustic input/output functions to tone-pip stimuli were constructed for three different output limiting circuits (wide dynamic range compression, output compression, and linear with peak clipping) available in a programmable hearing aid. Wave V latency and amplitude functions were then measured to the same stimuli and hearing aid settings in five normal-hearing adults. Electroacoustic results showed that none of the output limiting circuits, including linear peak clipping, were effectively activated by tone pips compared to the hearing aid performance to continuous tones. Aided wave V latency and amplitude functions were asymptotic to high stimulus levels, suggesting that cochlear output was in saturation.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, I/O = input/output, MPO = maximum power output, OAE = otoacoustic emission, pe SPL = peak equivalent sound pressure level, SC = super compression, sPC = soft peak clipping, WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Test-Retest Stability and Short-Term Habituation of the Ν1 and Gamma Band Response
Authors: Jacobson Gary P. , McCaslin Devin L. , Smith Brien , Elisevich Kost , Mishler Pamela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe gamma band response (GBR) is an exogenous, cortically generated, event-related potential that occurs between 20– and 170–msec post-stimulus onset. The auditory GBR is superimposed on the transient evoked middle and long latency cortical auditory evoked potentials and demonstrates a peak spectral frequency between 30 and 40 Hz. The present investigations were conducted to evaluate the test-retest stability and short-term habituation of the GBR. Both the GBR and N1 were recorded from six normal-hearing, neurologically intact subjects (Investigation 1, test-retest stability) and two subjects with intractable epilepsy with implanted subdural electrode grid arrays (Investigation 2, short-term habituation characteristics). For Investigation 1, the test-retest interval was 1 month. For Investigation 2,300 samples were acquired per stimulus block (a 10-minute interval) and then subaveraged in blocks of 25 to 50 samples each. Results suggest that (1) like N1
, the GBR shows high repeatability (qualitative) and test-retest stability (quantitative) and (2) the GBR does not demonstrate evidence of short-term habituation.
Abbreviations: aeGBR = auditory evoked gamma band magnetic field; aeGBP = auditory evoked gamma band potential; AEP = auditory evoked potential; ECD = equivalent current dipole; GBR = gamma band response; ISI = interstimulus interval; MEG = magnetoencephalography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; N1 = N1 component of the long latency response
Should EU member states help each other? How the national context shapes individual preferences for European solidarity
Authors: Mariotto Camilla , Pellegata Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the outbreak of the Eurozone crisis, the idea of providing cross-national financial transfers to countries in economic and financial difficulties has exacerbated the political divide between EU member states with strong macroeconomic performances, which were only weakly hit by the crisis, and the countries of the Eurozone periphery that struggled with a harsh economic downturn. This paper aims to explain which factors drive public support for cross-national solidarity within and across countries. We argue that the national context in which citizens live affects their preferences for providing financial help to other European countries, and moderates the role played by subjective egotropic and sociotropic economic concerns, ideological predispositions, and Eurosceptic vote choices in shaping public support for European solidarity. Using the original REScEU 2016 survey, we find that subjective economic motivations provide a limited contribution in explaining support for European solidarity, and almost only in countries weakly hit by the crisis. On the contrary, left–right positions, and especially Eurosceptic vote choices, strongly polarize preferences for EU financial assistance, both within and across countries with voters from Eurosceptic parties more(less) likely to support European solidarity in countries strongly(weakly) hit by the Eurozone crisis.
Dutch perspectives on the conceptual and moral qualification of human embryo-like structures: a qualitative study
Authors: Pereira Daoud Ana M. , Dondorp Wybo J. , Bredenoord Annelien L. , de Wert Guido M. W. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe number of publications on the governance of research with human embryo-like structures (hELS), i.e., 3D aggregates of human (induced) pluripotent stem cells made to model early human development, is growing rapidly. Public involvement is called for in many of these publications, but studies on public perspectives towards this emerging field remain lacking due to its novelty. To reduce the gap in the literature and contribute to the ongoing scholarly debate, we conducted interviews with Dutch lay citizens, health law and health care professionals, and interviewees reasoning from prominent worldviews in the Netherlands. This article reports on these participants’ views about the conceptual and moral qualification of hELS. With regard to the conceptual qualification of hELS, participants believed it should provide a shorthand for their (dis)similarity to human embryos, but differences remained with regard to the features upon which this (dis)similarity should be based. With regard to the moral qualification of hELS, participants believed this should depend on whether or not hELS possessed the features they considered morally relevant, among which those associated with sentience and a potential for continuous human development. Taken together, these findings align well with the arguments and positions traditionally found in related ethical debates and the recently proposed recommendations for the governance of research with hELS specifically. As such, they may also help allay concerns about lay publics not being able to meaningfully participate in debates about the ethical ramifications of (novel) scientific developments.
Socioeconomic, behavioural and health factors associated with chlamydia testing in sexually active young women: an Australian observational cohort study
Authors: Wilson Louise Forsyth , Dobson Annette Jane , Doust Jenny , Mishra Gita Devi 
Published: April 2022

Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently notified sexually transmitted infection in Australia. Untreated infections in women can cause health problems. Professional guidelines encourage opportunistic testing of young people. To increase understanding of who is being tested, we investigated factors associated with testing in a population of young women. Methods In total, 14 002 sexually active women, aged 18–23 years at baseline (2013), from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, were included. We used random intercepts, mixed-effects binary logistic regression with robust standard errors to assess associations between socioeconomic, health and behavioural factors and chlamydia testing. Results Associations between chlamydia testing and partner status varied by a woman’s body mass index (BMI). Compared to women with a stable partner/BMI <25 kg/m2, women with a stable partner/BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were less likely to be tested (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.88). In contrast, although women without a partner were more likely to be tested irrespective of BMI, the odds were higher for those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 2.44–2.94) than a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.48–1.84). Women who reported a prior chlamydia infection were also more likely to be tested (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.83–2.20), as were women engaging in any combination of cannabis use and/or heavy episodic drinking compared to doing neither of these activities. Conclusions Women without a partner, women with a prior chlamydia infection and those engaging in risk-taking behaviours are more likely to have chlamydia testing. Additional research is needed to understand whether there are deficits in testing among overweight/obese women.
Real-world statistics at two timescales and a mechanism for infant learning of object names
Authors: Clerkin Elizabeth M. , Smith Linda B. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Infants learn mappings between heard names and seen things before their first birthday and before they produce spoken language. Two challenges to explaining this early learning are the immaturity of infant memory systems and the infrequency of any individual object name in the heard language input. We quantified the frequency of visual referents, heard names, and the cooccurrences of referents and names in infant everyday experiences. We discovered statistical patterns at two timescales that align with a cortical mechanism of associative memory formation that supports the rapid formation of durable associative memories from very few experienced cooccurrences.
Non-destructive diagnosis of a hypogean mill
Authors: Carrozzo A. R. , De Giorgi L. , Leucci G. , Longhitano L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The oil production in the “Terra d’Otranto” (the current provinces of Lecce, Brindisi, and Taranto) has accounted for about four centuries, the primary economic resource in the area. It happened in “places” known as the presses that have a constructive peculiarity, as they derived entirely within the bedrock calcarenite like “Lecce stone”, “carparo”. They were prevalent on the territory of the three provinces and are present both in urban centres and in the farms. These places, vivid and direct testimony of the rural civilization, are now at the centre of extensive restoration and enhancement work. Given the cultural heritage industry in all respects, the “oil mills” are inserted into the channels of the national roads Olive Oil, and Olive Oil Roads named n° six and n° seven (Adriatic and Ionian Antica Terra d’Otranto). The best solution is conservative reuse, even for the underground presses, as with all industrial archaeological heritage. In this case, new functions mean recovering the fine in its historical identity as a cultural centre to activate it as a place or insert it into a circuit in which the museum is faithfully reconstructed the ancient “art” of unique production processes. Here, we present the work carried out to recover, conserve and enhance the underground oil mill located in the centre of Maglie (LE). Right from the initial design stage, there was a close relationship between designers, researchers-CNR for diagnostics and the responsibility of the City of Maglie. After a detailed knowledge of historical material and construction of the hypogeal phenomenon, both a laser scanner and the non-invasive diagnosis by geophysical surveys were performed.
HBIM to recovery the trulli in Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Delli Santi M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This contribution describes an ongoing research conducted by the ISPC - CNR of Lecce, relating to the implementation of a project with BIM software and related to the recovery of n. 3 trulli located in Apulia in the countryside of Martina Franca (Taranto - Southern Italy). Research aimed at the restoration and related scheduled maintenance of the same.
HBIM (Historical or Heritage Building Information Modeling) is a process applied to existing buildings that increases the potential of the BIM method, extending its use to the creation of models of existing buildings. The technologies of digital photogrammetry and laser scanner detection are used to collect information in the HBIM, which also thanks to the possibility of associating geometric information with images, make it possible to obtain a virtual model faithful to reality. From the processing based on the survey data, we then move on to the creation of libraries with parametric objects that represent all the components of the artifact. The step to get to the true digitization of the model consists in the reconstruction of the BIM model of what was detected. In fact, from a three-dimensional surface that depicts the surveyed work it is necessary to create a parametric 3D model. Through the merger of the data, an HBIM model is thus constructed that contains all the information relating to the history of the building, from which the production of technical drawings, 3D documentation, sections, details and schedules will derive. In conclusion, the geometric models thus obtained, through the surveys, must constitute indexes of contents, with data that can be consulted regarding the history, technical characteristics of the individual components, the state of deterioration of the work, in short, a range of information, all included in the associated database, and therefore usable at multiple levels of interest.
Multianalytical approach to characterize composition and degradation processes of synthetic high-fashion textiles from the Nanni Strada Design Studio archives
Authors: Nacci T , Roversi D , Sabatini F , Degano I , Ferriani B , Strada N , Modugno F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Synthetic textiles are constituents of heritage objects and garments often displayed in museum collections or preserved in archives, presenting unprecedented and specific conservation challenges. These issues need to be addressed assessing degradation processes, and developing targeted restoration and preventive conservation practices. The present work aims at characterizing the composition of high fashion garments and design textiles by Nanni Strada conserved in the archives of Nanni Strada Design Studio (Milan). To identify the chemical composition of the fibers used for the manufacturing, and to investigate the degradation processes affecting the objects, the materials were investigated by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Evolved Gas Analysis coupled to Mass Spectrometry (EGA-MS), and multi-shot Pyrolysis coupled to Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results will contribute to a better knowledge of the chemical properties of the textiles produced in the 1970s, and to plan conservation and exhibition strategies.
Spectroscopic investigation on a XVII-XVIII century terracotta slab from Calabria, Southern Italy
Authors: Caridi F. , Acri G. , Paladini G. , Venuti V. , Crupi V. , Faenza P. , Majolino D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper the elemental composition of a XVII-XVIII century terracotta slab, preserved in the Gerhard Rohlfs Museum of the Calabrian Greek Language of Bova, Reggio Calabria, Southern Italy, was investigated through the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic technique. The investigation allowed us to detect elements closely related to the manufacture of the slab. In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical method was applied to experimental data in order to recognize the provenance of the artefact through a comparison with local clay materials collected from historical buildings of Bova.
Simulation and Fast vulnerability analysis of a Chinese masonry pagoda
Authors: Wang P , Milani G , Scuro C , Demarco F , Olivito R S , Li S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As an important historical relic of human being, masonry pagoda is the great significance in the eastern and western architectural cultures. Most of the existing masonry pagodas in China which have been seriously damaged urgently need detailed structural safety assessment, repair and reinforcement. The paper choose a Chinese masonry pagoda as a case, conducted a series simulation analysis with Abauqs. Through numerical simulation, the seismic performance of the pagoda can be evaluated, which can not only predict the hidden danger and weak link in its structure, but also provide useful reference for the reinforcement and repair of the pagoda. It also adopts a very convenient 3D CAD method to quickly assess the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry pagoda according the reference.
A novel fast and low-cost masonry monitoring strategy and application on arches
Authors: Stockdale Gabriel , Yuan Yu , Milani Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a novel non-destructive, vision-based measurement strategy to identify and quantify mechanical deformations between rigid blocks. First the possible motions between two rigid blocks were identified and measured, under the application of a perpendicular, parallel and symmetrical 4x4 point grid around the masonry joint line. Repeated calculations of lengths, dot products, and right triangles improved the precision of measurements through redundancy. Then, this method was verified via photographic images with defined deformation and 2D holography, showing good adaptability and precision. Finally, this strategy was performed to a video recording of an arch under tilting test until failure. With the dimensions of the points grid being the only known parameter, the mechanical joint, the type of rigid block motion, the failure point and the rotation angle were successfully determined.