bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons from the LHCb measurement of CP violation in Bs → K+K−
Authors: Nir Yosef , Savoray Inbar , Viernik Yehonatan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The LHCb experiment measured the time-dependent CP asymmetries CKK and SKK in Bs→ K+K− decay. Combining with the corresponding CP asymmetries Cππ and Sππ in B → π+π− decay, we find that the size of U-spin breaking in this system is of order 20%. Moreover, the data suggest that these effects are dominated by factorizable contributions. We further study the constraints on new physics contributions to b →$$ u\overline{u}q $$
u

u
¯

q
(q = s, d). New physics that is minimally flavor violating (MFV) cannot be distinguished from the Standard Model (SM) in these decays. However, new physics that is not MFV can mimic large U-spin breaking. Requiring that the U-spin breaking parameters remain below the size implied by the data leads to a lower bound of 5 − 10 TeV on the scale of generic new physics. If the new physics is subject to the selection rules that follow from the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism or from General Minimal Flavor Violation (GMFV), the bound is relaxed to 2 TeV.
A stable cyclized antimicrobial peptide derived from LL-37 with host immunomodulatory effects and activity against uropathogens
Authors: White John Kerr , Muhammad Taj , Alsheim Emelie , Mohanty Soumitra , Blasi-Romero Anna , Gunasekera Sunithi , Strömstedt Adam A. , Ferraz Natalia , Göransson Ulf , Brauner Annelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic bacteria warrants alternative therapeutic strategies. We demonstrate the potential of the synthetic peptide CD4-PP, designed by dimerization and backbone cyclization of the shortest antimicrobial region of human cathelicidin, LL-37. CD4-PP is active against clinical and type strains of common uropathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations substantially below cellular cytotoxic levels and induced membrane deformation and leakage in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, CD4-PP treatment prevented the formation of new biofilm and dissolved mature biofilm created by E. coli and P. aeruginosa and targeted curli amyloid in E. coli biofilms. In addition, CD4-PP also induced production of LL-37 by uroepithelial cells and increased the expression of tight junction proteins claudin-14 and occludin. During uroepithelial cell infection, CD4-PP significantly reduced uropathogen survival when treatment was given at the start of infection. Low micromolar of CD4-PP treatment initiated after 2 h was successful with all tested species, except P. aeruginosa where CD4-PP was unable to reduce survival, which could be attributed by early biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that urinary catheter pieces coated with saline fluid supplemented with CD4-PP reduced the attachment of E. coli, giving it a potential clinical application.
Recurrent Motions in a Piecewise Linear Oscillator
Authors: Ortega Rafael , Schliessauf Henrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the oscillator $$\ddot{x} + n^2 x + h(x) = p(t)$$

x
¨

+

n
2

x
+
h

(
x
)

=
p

(
t
)

, where h is a piecewise linear saturation function and p is a continuous $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic forcing. It is shown that there is recurrence if and only if p satisfies the Lazer–Leach condition. This condition relates the n-th Fourier coefficient of p(t) with the maximum of h and was first introduced to characterize the existence of periodic solutions.
On complex-time heat kernels of fractional Schrödinger operators via Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
Authors: Merz Konstantin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider fractional Schrödinger operators with possibly singular potentials and derive certain spatially averaged estimates for its complex-time heat kernel. The main tool is a Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem for polynomially bounded functions on the right complex half-plane. The interpolation leads to possibly nonoptimal off-diagonal bounds.
Chemotactile social recognition in the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa
Authors: Morse Peter , Huffard Christine L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial recognition is the ability of individuals in a species to differentiate among conspecifics based on their identity or biologically meaningful demographic. Despite evidence that they have sophisticated brains, complex behavioural repertoires, and acute sensory processing, surprisingly little is known about mechanisms aiding social recognition in cephalopods. This class’s unique chemotactile sense by the ventral arm surfaces gathers considerable information used in predator–prey interactions. Does it also help mediate social interactions? This study utilised 366 h of focal animal observations to assess the likelihood of Hapalochlaena maculosa, a nocturnal species, to retreat after physically contacting conspecifics based on their sex, familiarity and mating history. Females retreated from both sexes equally, while males were more likely to retreat after contacting female conspecifics. Most conspicuously, males were significantly more likely to retreat after contacting females with which they had already mated. These findings provide the first evidence for chemotactile sex discrimination and mate recognition within cephalopods, and supplement previous observations that male H. maculosa do not appear to detect the sex of conspecifics from a distance. The decision to retreat from or stay with an individual based on their sex or mating history, only after physical contact, emphasises the importance of chemotactile behaviour in octopus sensory ecology and behaviour. Furthermore, male octopuses have limited spermatophore production, and the use of chemotactile social recognition observed here may highlight the importance of reproduction, specifically sperm allocation and avoidance of sexual cannibalism, on the evolution of sensory ecology and cognition within this lineage.
Oncological and functional outcomes after testis-sparing surgery in patients with germ cell tumors: a systematic review of 285 cases
Authors: Grogg Josias Bastian , Dursun Zeynep Hafza , Beyer Joerg , Eberli Daniel , Poyet Cedric , Hermanns Thomas , Fankhauser Christian Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction and objectives
In several urogenital cancers, organ-preserving surgery represents the preferred treatment approach, but in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (tGCTs), radical orchiectomy represents the standard of care. This study aimed to summarize published case series assessing oncological and functional outcomes after testis-sparing surgery (TSS) in patients with tGCTs.

Materials and methods
A systematic literature review and individual patient data meta-analysis were conducted of published cases with tGCT treated with TSS.

Results
Of 2,333 reports, we included 32 reports providing data on 285 patients, including 306 testicles treated with TSS. Adjacent germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) was described in 43%. Hypogonadism and infertility after TSS were diagnosed in 27% and 18%. In patients undergoing adjuvant testicular radiotherapy, hypogonadism was diagnosed in 40%. Patients treated with adjuvant testicular radiotherapy after TSS exhibited a significantly lower incidence of local recurrence (2% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). Distant metastases after TSS were observed in 2%.

Conclusion
The current data questions the benefits of TSS in tGCT patients. If at all, TSS should only be offered to well-informed patients with a singular testicle, excellent compliance, a singular tumor less than 2 cm located at the lower pole of the testicle, and normal preoperative endocrine function. Unless patients plan to father a child within a short time frame, adjuvant testicular radiotherapy should be recommended after TSS. Radical orchiectomy remains the standard of care, but future studies may support the use of TSS in selected men.
The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) in patients with unstable ankle fracture
Authors: Penning Diederick , Kleipool Suzanne , van Dieren Susan , Dingemans Siem M. ,   RODEO Collaborator Group, Flikweert Elvira R. , van Dijkman Bart A. , Hoogendoorn Jochem M. , Parkkinen Markus J. , Roukema Gert R. , Goslings J. Carel. , Sosef Nico L. , Winkelhagen Jasper , Schepers Tim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) is a widely used validated Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). For clinical research, it is important to determine the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID). The objective of this study was to determine the MCID of the OMAS at several moments in the follow-up, in a cohort of patients that underwent open reduction and internal fixation of unstable ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury.

Materials and methods
Data for this descriptive study were extracted from a prospective randomized controlled trial, the RODEO trial. The Dutch version of the OMAS was completed at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up and estimated at baseline. The used anchor-based methods were: mean change and ROC curve. The distribution-based methods were: 0.5SD and minimal detectable change (MDC).

Results
This cohort included 148 patients. The mean OMAS score in the group with minimal improvement between 3 and 6 months was 15.0 (SD 17.5, 95%CI 9.4–20.6) and between 6 and 12 months 9.5 (SD 17.1, 95% CI 3.1–15.9). The ROC curve between 3 and 6 months resulted in a MCID of 12.5 (AUC 0.72) and between 6 and 12 months, the MCID was 7.5 (AUC 0.78). Using 0.5 SD, the MCID was 10.52 (SD 21.04) at 3 months, 11.37 (SD 22.73) at 6 months and 10.47 (SD 20.94) at 12 months. The MDC was 4.72 at 3 months, 5.20 at 6 months and 4.71 at 12 months.

Conclusions
The calculated MCID in patients following surgery for unstable ankle fractures ranges from 10.5 to 15.0 at 3–6-month follow-up and from 7.5 to 11.4 at 6–12-month follow-up, depending on moment and method.
Decision-making by cancer patients and the role of a counselling facility for complementary and alternative medicine: a cohort study
Authors: Hack Vanessa , Josfeld Lena , Hübner Jutta , Keinki Christian , Büntzel Jens 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this cohort study was to gain insight on influencing factors on the decision-making process in conventional medicine compared to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Methods
A standardized questionnaire was distributed among cancer patients who attended the counselling facility for CAM of a German university hospital in 2020.

Results
Fifty patients (30.3%) returned the questionnaire. After counselling on CAM, most patients made a decision in CAM but also in conventional medicine. Thus, the focus on informed decision-making during counselling on CAM had a strong effect on the decision-making process in conventional medicine. Patients reporting good support also reported making decisions together with physicians and relatives. Moreover, after counselling on CAM, patients reported being more satisfied with their decision in both settings afterwards.

Conclusion
Information on CAM which focuses on informed decision-making, supports patient’s ability to understand and weigh risks and benefits of treatments, supports shared decision-making and enables patients to transfer these competences also to decisions on conventional medicine. So counselling on CAM may further decision-making competences in cancer patients. This encourages patients to engage in shared decision-making and increases patient’s satisfaction with decisions.
Why do plants need the ZMM crossover pathway? A snapshot of meiotic recombination from the perspective of interhomolog polymorphism
Authors: Ziolkowski Piotr A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt the heart of meiosis is crossover recombination, i.e., reciprocal exchange of chromosome fragments between parental genomes. Surprisingly, in most eukaryotes, including plants, several recombination pathways that can result in crossover event operate in parallel during meiosis. These pathways emerged independently in the course of evolution and perform separate functions, which directly translate into their roles in meiosis. The formation of one crossover per chromosome pair is required for proper chromosome segregation. This “obligate” crossover is ensured by the major crossover pathway in plants, and in many other eukaryotes, known as the ZMM pathway. The secondary pathways play important roles also in somatic cells and function mainly as repair mechanisms for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) not used for crossover formation. One of the consequences of the functional differences between ZMM and other DSB repair pathways is their distinct sensitivities to polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes. From a population genetics perspective, these differences may affect the maintenance of genetic variability. This might be of special importance when considering that a significant portion of plants uses inbreeding as a predominant reproductive strategy, which results in loss of interhomolog polymorphism. While we are still far from fully understanding the relationship between meiotic recombination pathways and genetic variation in populations, recent studies of crossovers in plants offer a new perspective.
Configurational forces in ferroelectric structures analyzed by a macromechanical switching model
Authors: Kozinov Sergey , Kuna Meinhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics are widely used in sensors, actuators, microelectromechanical systems, etc. If a ferroelectric structure possesses some defects like voids or inhomogeneities, its reliability is reduced, and undesired non-homogeneous local concentrations of the electromechanical fields occur. Under the applied external loading, a domain switching region evolves in the vicinity of defects, which is manifested as a reorientation of the remanent polarization vector. In the current work, the nonlinear electromechanical behavior of ferroelectric ceramics is computed by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis, using the phenomenological continuum mechanics model suggested by Landis (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50(1):127–152, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5096(01)00021-7) and numerically implemented by Stark (Int. J. Solids Struct. 80:359–367, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.09.004). This constitutive law is combined with user-developed elements in Abaqus commercial code for nonlinear coupled electromechanical analyses. By use of the numerical simulations, the evolution of all field variables, in particular of the polarization, is tracked. In a post-processing step, the configurational forces are computed, which express the thermodynamic driving forces acting on the defect. As a typical defect, we consider a circular void in the ferroelectric structure exposed to an alternating electric field. Additionally to the void, other inhomogeneities, namely, a strip of dissimilar material as well as dielectric and piezoelectric inclusions, are investigated. For all cases, the redistribution and evolution of the configurational forces are studied. Besides the essential findings and methodology achieved in this work, the developed software can serve as a basis for further investigations on the failure of composite smart structures and explicit crack modeling using fracture mechanical concepts.
The geography of connectivity: a review of mobile positioning data for economic geography
Authors: Erlström Andreas , Grillitsch Markus , Hall Ola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConnectivity between and within places is one of the cornerstones of geography. However, the data and methodologies used to capture connectivity are limited due to the difficulty in gathering and analysing detailed observations in time and space. Mobile phone data potentially offer a rich and unprecedented source of data, which is exhaustive in time and space following movements and communication activities of individuals. This approach to study the connectivity patterns of societies is still rather unexplored in economic geography. However, a substantial body of work in related fields provides methodological and theoretical foundations, which warrant an in-depth review to make it applicable in economic geography. This paper reviews and discusses the state-of-the-art in the analysis of mobile phone and positioning data, with a focus on call detail records. It identifies methodological challenges, elaborates on key findings for geography, and provides an outline for future research on the geography of connectivity.
Enhanced galloping energy harvester with cooperative mode of vibration and collision
Authors: Wang Qiong , Chen Zewen , Zhao Linchuan , Li Meng , Zou Hongxiang , Wei Kexiang , Zhang Xizheng , Zhang Wenming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe low power and narrow speed range remain bottlenecks that constrain the application of small-scale wind energy harvesting. This paper proposes a simple, low-cost, and reliable method to address these critical issues. A galloping energy harvester with the cooperative mode of vibration and collision (GEH-VC) is presented. A pair of curved boundaries attached with functional materials are introduced, which not only improve the performance of the vibration energy harvesting system, but also convert more mechanical energy into electrical energy during collision. The beam deforms and the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) generates electricity during the flow-induced vibration. In addition, the beam contacts and separates from the boundaries, and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) generates electricity during the collision. In order to reduce the influence of the boundaries on the aerodynamic performance and the feasibility of increasing the working area of the TENG, a vertical structure is designed. When the wind speed is high, the curved boundaries maintain a stable amplitude of the vibration system and increase the frequency of the vibration system, thereby avoiding damage to the piezoelectric sheet and improving the electromechanical conversion efficiency, and the TENG works with the PEH to generate electricity. Since the boundaries can protect the PEH at high wind speeds, its stiffness can be designed to be low to start working at low wind speeds. The electromechanical coupling dynamic model is established according to the GEH-VC operating principle and is verified experimentally. The results show that the GEH-VC has a wide range of operating wind speeds, and the average power can be increased by 180% compared with the traditional galloping PEH. The GEH-VC prototype is demonstrated to power a commercial temperature sensor. This study provides a novel perspective on the design of hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms, that is, to combine and collaborate based on their respective characteristics.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Employment Program for Veterans Transitioning from the Military: Two-Year Outcomes
Authors: Bond Gary R. , Al-Abdulmunem Monirah , Ressler Daniel R. , Gade Daniel M. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Military personnel face numerous challenges transitioning from military jobs to meaningful civilian employment. Many veterans seek help finding employment, but few veteran employment programs have been rigorously studied. Transitioning veterans generally have access to Local Community Resources (LCR), which include the Veterans Health Administration vocational rehabilitation services, the state-federal Vocational Rehabilitation program, and the Department of Labor’s American Job Centers. By contrast, the innovative National Career Coach Program (NCCP) offers intensive career coaching and financial incentives for working.

Methods
This study used a randomized controlled design to compare the NCCP and LCR approaches for 208 transitioning service members (recent or pending transition). Researchers conducted interviews by telephone every four months for two years. Outcomes included earnings, months worked, and standardized self-report measures of health and well-being.
Findings
At two-year follow-up, significantly more NCCP participants had worked in paid employment than LCR participants (95% vs. 83%). NCCP participants averaged $2568 in monthly earnings compared to $1865 for LCR participants, thus averaging $16,872 more total income per participant over the two-year period. Employment outcomes significantly improved between Year 1 and Year 2. NCCP participants also reported significantly greater improvements in both physical and mental health compared to LCR participants. Average monthly earnings correlated with changes in health outcomes.

Conclusions
Veterans receiving multi-faceted employment services early in the transition from the military showed sustained benefit over a two-year period with increased earnings over time and improved mental and physical outcomes. Positive employment outcomes may have contributed to improved health outcomes.
Calenduloside E alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial function
Authors: Li Jianxiong , Bu Yujie , Li Bin , Zhang Hailin , Guo Jia , Hu Jianping , Zhang Yanfang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCalenduloside E (CE) isolated from Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. is a natural triterpenoid saponin that can reportedly ameliorate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its potential roles and mechanism in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury are barely understood. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells. We found that CE significantly attenuated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells. Moreover, CE treatment significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) recruitment and increasing Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637. CE treatment significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the mitochondrial ROS and cellular calcium accumulation. Moreover, CE treatment significantly inhibited the OGD/R-induced release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C and increase in Bax, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 protein levels, whereas CE treatment significantly reversed the OGD/R-induced decrease in Bcl-2 and full length of caspase3 and caspase9 protein levels. In vivo, we found that CE treatment significantly ameliorated ischemic/hypoxic-induced brain infarct volume, neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. CE treatment also significantly ameliorated the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased Cytochrome C release, and reversed the increase in Bax, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 protein levels and the decrease in Bcl-2 and full length of caspase3 and caspase9 protein levels induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). All these results indicated that CE treatment exerted a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral I/R injury.