bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic refrigeration material operating at a full temperature range required for hydrogen liquefaction
Authors: Tang Xin , Sepehri-Amin H. , Terada N. , Martin-Cid A. , Kurniawan I. , Kobayashi S. , Kotani Y. , Takeya H. , Lai J. , Matsushita Y. , Ohkubo T. , Miura Y. , Nakamura T. , Hono K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration (MR) is a key technique for hydrogen liquefaction. Although the MR has ideally higher performance than the conventional gas compression technique around the hydrogen liquefaction temperature, the lack of MR materials with high magnetic entropy change in a wide temperature range required for the hydrogen liquefaction is a bottle-neck for practical applications of MR cooling systems. Here, we show a series of materials with a giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in magnetic entropy change (-∆Sm > 0.2 J cm−3K−1) in the Er(Ho)Co2-based compounds, suitable for operation in the full temperature range required for hydrogen liquefaction (20-77 K). We also demonstrate that the giant MCE becomes reversible, enabling sustainable use of the MR materials, by eliminating the magneto-structural phase transition that leads to deterioration of the MCE. This discovery can lead to the application of Er(Ho)Co2-based alloys for the hydrogen liquefaction using MR cooling technology for the future green fuel society.
Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination
Authors: Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Sullivan Sheena , Edwards Kimberly M. , Xie Ruopeng , Khvorov Arseniy , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Barr Ian G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnnual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, high levels of morbidity, and substantial economic loss. Yet, global influenza circulation has been heavily suppressed by public health measures and travel restrictions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, the influenza B/Yamagata lineage has not been conclusively detected since April 2020, and A(H3N2), A(H1N1), and B/Victoria viruses have since circulated with considerably less genetic diversity. Travel restrictions have largely confined regional outbreaks of A(H3N2) to South and Southeast Asia, B/Victoria to China, and A(H1N1) to West Africa. Seasonal influenza transmission lineages continue to perish globally, except in these select hotspots, which will likely seed future epidemics. Waning population immunity and sporadic case detection will further challenge influenza vaccine strain selection and epidemic control. We offer a perspective on the potential short- and long-term evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza and discuss potential consequences and mitigation strategies as global travel gradually returns to pre-pandemic levels.
Individual experience as a key to success for the cuckoo catfish brood parasitism
Authors: Zimmermann Holger , Blažek Radim , Polačik Matej , Reichard Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBrood parasites are involved in coevolutionary arms races with their hosts, whereby adaptations of one partner elicit the rapid evolution of counter-adaptations in the other partner. Hosts can also mitigate fitness costs of brood parasitism by learning from individual or social experience. In brood parasites, however, the role of learning can be obscured by their stealthy behaviour. Cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) parasitise clutches of mouthbrooding cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and are the only non-avian obligate brood parasites among vertebrates. We experimentally demonstrate that cuckoo catfish greatly enhance their efficiency in parasitising their hosts as they learn to overcome host defences. With increasing experience, cuckoo catfish increased their parasitism success by greater efficiency through improved timing and coordination of intrusions of host spawnings. Hence, within the coevolutionary arms races, brood parasites learn to overcome host defences during their lifetime.
Integration of resonant band with asymmetry in ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Su Jing , Li Jing , Zheng Xingwen , Xie Shijie , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose that the asymmetry-induced tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect in a ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) could be improved by integrating a polarization-controlled resonant band. Using first-principles calculations and a quantum-mechanical tunneling model, we studied an asymmetric FTJ SrRuO3/BaTiO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3. The resonant band is integrated into this FTJ by two atomic layers of BaSnO3embedded in the barrier. In the elaborated FTJ SrRuO3/BaTiO3/BaSnO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3, both resonant band and asymmetry work together. For one polarization direction, the BaSnO3and SrTiO3dielectric layers work together as barriers to provide considerable efficient barrier height for direct tunneling and lead to large tunneling resistance. For the opposite polarization, the BaSnO3layer serves as a quantum well to induce resonant tunneling across the barrier and considerably reduces the tunneling resistance of the ON state. The integration of resonant band with asymmetry may provide a more efficient and applicable way to further improve the functionalities of FTJs.
Estimating medical risk in human spaceflight
Authors: Antonsen Erik L. , Myers Jerry G. , Boley Lynn , Arellano John , Kerstman Eric , Kadwa Binaifer , Buckland Daniel M. , Van Baalen Mary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNASA and commercial spaceflight companies will soon be retuning humans to the Moon and then eventually sending them on to Mars. These distant planetary destinations will pose new risks—in particular for the health of the astronaut crews. The bulk of the evidence characterizing human health and performance in spaceflight has come from missions in Low Earth Orbit. As missions last longer and travel farther from Earth, medical risk is expected to contribute an increasing proportion of total mission risk. To date, there have been no reliable estimates of how much. The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Monte-Carlo simulation tool developed by NASA for medical risk assessment. This paper uses the IMM to provide an evidence-based, quantified medical risk estimate comparison across different spaceflight mission durations. We discuss model limitations and unimplemented capabilities providing insight into the complexity of medical risk estimation for human spaceflight. The results enable prioritization of medical needs in the context of other mission risks. These findings provide a reasonable bounding estimate for medical risk in missions to the Moon and Mars and hold value for risk managers and mission planners in performing cost-benefit trades for mission capability and research investments.
A wireless millimetric magnetoelectric implant for the endovascular stimulation of peripheral nerves
Authors: Chen Joshua C. , Kan Peter , Yu Zhanghao , Alrashdan Fatima , Garcia Roberto , Singer Amanda , Lai C. S. Edwin , Avants Ben , Crosby Scott , Li Zhongxi , Wang Boshuo , Felicella Michelle M. , Robledo Ariadna , Peterchev Angel V. , Goetz Stefan M. , Hartgerink Jeffrey D. , Sheth Sunil A. , Yang Kaiyuan , Robinson Jacob T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImplantable bioelectronic devices for the simulation of peripheral nerves could be used to treat disorders that are resistant to traditional pharmacological therapies. However, for many nerve targets, this requires invasive surgeries and the implantation of bulky devices (about a few centimetres in at least one dimension). Here we report the design and in vivo proof-of-concept testing of an endovascular wireless and battery-free millimetric implant for the stimulation of specific peripheral nerves that are difficult to reach via traditional surgeries. The device can be delivered through a percutaneous catheter and leverages magnetoelectric materials to receive data and power through tissue via a digitally programmable 1 mm × 0.8 mm system-on-a-chip. Implantation of the device directly on top of the sciatic nerve in rats and near a femoral artery in pigs (with a stimulation lead introduced into a blood vessel through a catheter) allowed for wireless stimulation of the animals’ sciatic and femoral nerves. Minimally invasive magnetoelectric implants may allow for the stimulation of nerves without the need for open surgery or the implantation of battery-powered pulse generators.
1H NMR based urinary metabolites profiling dataset of canine mammary tumors
Authors: Lee Songyeon , Seung Byung-Joon , Yang In Seok , Lee Jueun , Ha Taewoong , Park Hee-Myung , Cheong Jae-Ho , Kim Sangwoo , Sur Jung-Hyang , Hwang Geum-Sook , Nam Hojung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe identification of efficient and sensitive biomarkers for non-invasive tests is one of the major challenges in cancer diagnosis. To address this challenge, metabolomics is widely applied for identifying biomarkers that detect abnormal changes in cancer patients. Canine mammary tumors exhibit physiological characteristics identical to those in human breast cancer and serve as a useful animal model to conduct breast cancer research. Here, we aimed to provide a reliable large-scale metabolite dataset collected from dogs with mammary tumors, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We identified 55 metabolites in urine samples from 20 benign, 87 malignant, and 49 healthy control subjects. This dataset provides details of mammary tumor-specific metabolites in dogs and insights into cancer-specific metabolic alterations that share similar molecular characteristics.
Small brains predisposed Late Quaternary mammals to extinction
Authors: Dembitzer Jacob , Castiglione Silvia , Raia Pasquale , Meiri Shai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Late Quaternary witnessed a dramatic wave of large mammal extinctions, that are usually attributed to either human hunting or climatic change. We hypothesized that the large mammals that survived the extinctions might have been endowed with larger brain sizes than their relatives, which could have conferred enhanced behavioral plasticity and the ability to cope with the rapidly changing Late Quaternary environmental conditions. We assembled data on brain sizes of 291 extant mammal species plus 50 more that went extinct during the Late Quaternary. Using logistic, and mixed effect models, and controlling for phylogeny and body mass, we found that large brains were associated with higher probability to survive the Late Quaternary extinctions, and that extant species have brains that are, on average, 53% larger when accounting for order as a random effect, and 83% when fitting a single regression line. Moreover, we found that models that used brain size in addition to body size predicted extinction status better than models that used only body size. We propose that possessing a large brain was an important, yet so far neglected characteristic of surviving megafauna species.
Newly discovered dimensional effects of electrodes on liquid crystal THz phase shifters enable novel switching between in-plane and out-of-plane
Authors: Oh-e Masahito , Zheng Deng-Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo unveil a novel switching mechanism in liquid crystal (LC)-based phase shifters for the THz range, we analyse how the dimensions of the electrode structures enable a new type of switching, namely, THz in-plane and THz out-of-plane (TIP–TOP) switching. Specifically, we determine how varying these electrode dimensions influences the LC in-plane states with the corresponding phase shifts by calculating these effects in virtual devices. Interestingly, we found that significant dimensional effects of the in-plane electrode structures statically and dynamically influence the phase shift and response time of LC switching. Analysing the electromagnetic fields in the TIP–TOP cell clearly reveals that these dimensional effects are due to changes in the electric field strengths caused by lateral bus-line electrodes that were originally assumed not to contribute to the switching. Further, we discover that the ultimate dimensional effect produces a novel type of LC switching, which results in hexadirectional switching between the initial, intrinsic in-plane, and out-of-plane reorientations of the LCs, suggesting a broader range of phase shifts while maintaining a rapid response.
NeuroSCORE is a genome-wide omics-based model that identifies candidate disease genes of the central nervous system
Authors: Davis Kyle W. , Bilancia Colleen G. , Martin Megan , Vanzo Rena , Rimmasch Megan , Hom Yolanda , Uddin Mohammed , Serrano Moises A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo identify candidate disease genes of central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes, we created the Neurogenetic Systematic Correlation of Omics-Related Evidence (NeuroSCORE). We identified five genome-wide metrics highly associated with CNS phenotypes to score 19,601 protein-coding genes. Genes scored one point per metric (range: 0–5), identifying 8298 scored genes (scores ≥ 1) and 1601 “high scoring” genes (scores ≥ 3). Using logistic regression, we determined the odds ratio that genes with a NeuroSCORE from 1 to 5 would be associated with known CNS-related phenotypes compared to genes that scored zero. We tested NeuroSCORE using microarray copy number variants (CNVs) in case–control cohorts and aggregate mouse model data. High scoring genes are associated with CNS phenotypes (OR = 5.5, p < 2e-16), enriched in case CNVs, and mouse ortholog genes that cause behavioral and nervous system abnormalities. We identified 1058 high scoring genes with no disease association in OMIM. Transforming the logistic regression results indicates high scoring genes have an 84–92% chance of being associated with a CNS phenotype. Top scoring genes include GRIA1, MAP4K4, SF1, TNPO2, and ZSWIM8. Finally, we interrogated CNVs in the Clinical Genome Resource, finding the majority of clinically significant CNVs contain high scoring genes. These findings can direct future research and improve molecular diagnostics.
Combination of mean CT value and maximum CT value as a novel predictor of lepidic predominant lesions in small lung adenocarcinoma presenting as solid nodules
Authors: Koezuka Satoshi , Sano Atsushi , Azuma Yoko , Sakai Takashi , Matsumoto Keiko , Shiraga Nobuyuki , Mikami Tetuo , Tochigi Naobumi , Murakami Yoshitaka , Iyoda Akira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLung adenocarcinomas presenting as solid nodules are occasionally diagnosed as lepidic predominant lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify the histological structure and to identify factors predictive of lepidic predominant lesions. We retrospectively reviewed 38 patients that underwent lobectomy for small (≤ 2 cm) adenocarcinoma presenting as solid nodules. Resected tumor slides were reviewed and histological components were evaluated. Clinical and radiological data were analyzed to identify factors predictive of lepidic predominant lesions. Of 38 solid nodules, 9 (23.7%) nodules were lepidic predominant lesions. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 100% for lepidic predominant lesions (n = 9) and 74.6% for non-lepidic predominant lesions (n = 29). Mean CT values (p = 0.039) and maximum CT values (p = 0.015) were significantly lower in lepidic predominant lesions compared with non-lepidic predominant lesions. For the prediction of lepidic predominant lesions, the sensitivity and specificity of mean CT value (cutoff, − 150 HU) were 77.8% and 82.8%, respectively, and those of maximum CT value (cutoff, 320 HU) were 77.8% and 72.4%, respectively. A combination of mean and maximum CT values (cutoffs of − 150 HU and 380 HU for mean CT value and maximum CT value, respectively) more accurately predicted lepidic predominant lesions, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 86.2%, respectively. The prognosis of lepidic predominant lesions was excellent, even for solid nodules. The combined use of mean and maximum CT values was useful for predicting lepidic predominant lesions, and may help predict prognosis.
Predicting non-response to multimodal day clinic treatment in severely impaired depressed patients: a machine learning approach
Authors: Vetter Johannes Simon , Schultebraucks Katharina , Galatzer-Levy Isaac , Boeker Heinz , Brühl Annette , Seifritz Erich , Kleim Birgit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA considerable number of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Accurate prediction of non-response to routine clinical care may help in treatment planning and improve results. A longitudinal sample of N = 239 depressed patients was assessed at admission to multi-modal day clinic treatment, after six weeks, and at discharge. First, patient’s treatment response was modelled by identifying longitudinal trajectories using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Then, individual items of the HDRS-17 at admission as well as individual patient characteristics were entered as predictors of response/non-response trajectories into the binary classification model (eXtremeGradient Boosting; XGBoost). The model was evaluated on a hold-out set and explained in human-interpretable form by SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP) values. The prediction model yielded a multi-class AUC = 0.80 in the hold-out set. The predictive power for the binary classification yielded an AUC = 0.83 (sensitivity = .80, specificity = .77). Most relevant predictors for non-response were insomnia symptoms, younger age, anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, being unemployed, suicidal ideation and somatic symptoms of depressive disorder. Non-responders to routine treatment for depression can be identified and screened for potential next-generation treatments. Such predictors may help personalize treatment and improve treatment response.
Effect of non-repetitive linker on in vitro and in vivo properties of an anti-VEGF scFv
Authors: Arslan Merve , Karadag Murat , Onal Ebru , Gelinci Emine , Cakan-Akdogan Gulcin , Kalyoncu Sibel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle chain antibody fragments (scFvs) are favored in diagnostic and therapeutic fields thanks to their small size and the availability of various engineering approaches. Linker between variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of scFv covalently links these domains and it can affect scFv’s bio-physical/chemical properties and in vivo activity. Thus, scFv linker design is important for a successful scFv construction, and flexible linkers are preferred for a proper pairing of VH–VL. The flexibility of the linker is determined by length and sequence content and glycine-serine (GS) linkers are commonly preferred for scFvs based on their highly flexible profiles. Despite the advantage of this provided flexibility, GS linkers carry repeated sequences which can cause problems for PCR-based engineering approaches and immunogenicity. Here, two different linkers, a repetitive GS linker and an alternative non-repetitive linker with similar flexibility but lower immunogenicity are employed to generate anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor scFvs derived from bevacizumab. Our findings highlight a better in vitro profile of the non-repetitive linker such as a higher monomer ratio, higher thermal stability while there was no significant difference in in vivo efficacy in a zebrafish embryonic angiogenesis model. This is the first study to compare in vivo efficacy of scFvs with different linkers in a zebrafish model.
Vitiligo-specific soluble biomarkers as early indicators of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Carbone Maria Luigia , Madonna Gabriele , Capone Alessia , Bove Marianna , Mastroeni Simona , Levati Lauretta , Capone Mariaelena , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , De Galitiis Federica , D’Atri Stefania , Fortes Cristina , Volpe Elisabetta , Failla Cristina Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) strongly improved the outcome of metastatic melanoma patients. However, not all the patients respond to treatment and identification of prognostic biomarkers able to select responding patients is currently of outmost importance. Considering that development of vitiligo-like depigmentation in melanoma patients represents both an adverse event of CPIs and a favorable prognostic factor, we analyzed soluble biomarkers of vitiligo to validate them as early indicators of response to CPIs. Fifty-seven metastatic melanoma patients receiving CPIs were enrolled and divided according to the best overall response to treatment. Patient sera were evaluated at pre-treatment and after 1 and 3 months of therapy. We found that basal CD25 serum levels were higher in stable and responding patients and remained higher during the first 3 months of CPI therapy compared to non-responders. CXCL9 was absent in non-responding patients before therapy beginning. Moreover, an increase of CXCL9 levels was observed at 1 and 3 months of therapy for all patients, although higher CXCL9 amounts were present in stable and responding compared to non-responding patients. Variations in circulating immune cell subsets was also analyzed, revealing a reduced number of regulatory T lymphocytes in responding patients. Altogether, our data indicate that a pre-existing and maintained activation of the immune system could be an indication of response to CPI treatment in melanoma patients.
Multi-class sentiment analysis of urdu text using multilingual BERT
Authors: Khan Lal , Amjad Ammar , Ashraf Noman , Chang Hsien-Tsung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSentiment analysis (SA) is an important task because of its vital role in analyzing people’s opinions. However, existing research is solely based on the English language with limited work on low-resource languages. This study introduced a new multi-class Urdu dataset based on user reviews for sentiment analysis. This dataset is gathered from various domains such as food and beverages, movies and plays, software and apps, politics, and sports. Our proposed dataset contains 9312 reviews manually annotated by human experts into three classes: positive, negative and neutral. The main goal of this research study is to create a manually annotated dataset for Urdu sentiment analysis and to set baseline results using rule-based, machine learning (SVM, NB, Adabbost, MLP, LR and RF) and deep learning (CNN-1D, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU and Bi-GRU) techniques. Additionally, we fine-tuned Multilingual BERT(mBERT) for Urdu sentiment analysis. We used four text representations: wordn-grams, charn-grams,pre-trained fastText and BERT word embeddings to train our classifiers. We trained these models on two different datasets for evaluation purposes. Finding shows that the proposed mBERT model with BERT pre-trained word embeddings outperformed deep learning, machine learning and rule-based classifiers and achieved an F1 score of 81.49%.
Smoking cessation behaviors and reasons for use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products among Romanian adults
Authors: Hussain Sumaira , Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report cessation behaviors, reasons for use of electronic cigarettes (EC) and heated tobacco products (HTP) and association of their use with quit attempts and smoking intensity using Romania Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2018. Weighted estimates of EC and HTP by cigarette smoking (CS) status were assessed. Quit attempts, intention to quit, reasons for lack of intention to quit among current CS, and reasons for current use of EC and HTP were estimated. The association of ‘ever use’ of EC and HTP with cigarette smoking intensity and quit attempts was explored using binary logistic regression. Of the total 4571 surveyed, 1243 (27.3%) were current CS, 300 (24.4%) made quit attempts in the past 12 months. Only 38 (12.5%) and 26 (8.6%) had used EC and HTP as an aid to quit. Among current CS, 512 (41.2%) had no intention to quit. Reasons for this were, ‘enjoy smoking’ (86.1%), ‘reduce stress’ (65.9%), and ‘staying alert’ (46.3%). Awareness and use of EC and HTP were significantly higher among current CS. ‘Dual use’ of EC and HTP with CS was manifolds higher than stand-alone use. Reasons for current use of EC and HTP were ‘enjoyment’, and ‘use in places where smoking was prohibited’.