bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
29 Cotton Gin Trash Processing, Quality and Safety Impacts on Feeding Recommendations for Beef Cattle
Authors: Zessin Peyton , Jacobs Joshua , Justice Maggie M , Mullenix M Kim , Dillard Leanne L , Rodning Soren P , Tigue Alex A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton gin trash is a byproduct of the cotton industry that consists of any remaining plant material leftover after the ginning process. The objective of this study was to determine intake, animal performance, and safety of using loose or baled gin trash in beef cattle diets. Sixteen crossbred, non-lactating, gestating cows and 8 crossbred, gestating heifers were randomly assigned to one of two groups consisting of 8 cows and 4 heifers per group for a 60-day intake trial utilizing the Calan Gate ® system. After a training period, each group was assigned to receive one of two dietary treatments: 1) ad libitum baled cotton gin trash or 2) ad libitum loose cotton gin trash, each with 2.2 kg of a 50:50 mixture of corn gluten feed and soyhull pellets per day to meet nutritional requirements for their stage of production. Animal body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS) were recorded at days 0, 30, and 60. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly to monitor clinical animal immune responses due to feeding cotton gin trash containing cotton defoliant residue (4.84 ppm and 1.98 ppm tribufos for baled and loose, respectively). Intake was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for cattle consuming loose than baled gin trash. All cattle maintained or gained BW across treatments during the trial. On average throughout the study cattle consuming baled gin trash had greater BCS (P = 0.0173) than cattle fed loose gin trash, although animals maintained a BCS of 6 or greater during the study. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count were within normal ranges for beef cattle during the trial. Cotton gin trash in either loose or baled form can be used to maintain non-lactating, bred cows with little additional energy supplementation, providing an outlet for cotton byproduct usage in beef operations in the Southeast United States.
30 Evaluating Proactive versus Therapeutic Use of a Theraplate on English-disciplined Horses and the Effects on Lameness
Authors: Ellis Abigail , Buttrey Emalee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of both proactive and therapeutic use of a TheraPlate (TheraPlate, Weatherford, TX) on the frequency and severity of equine lameness. The TheraPlate is a piece of machinery that uses low-intensity vibrations to loosen the joints and muscles of horses to treat various diseases or conditions. Fourteen jumping-seat equine athletes from the University of Tennessee at Martin Equestrian team were chosen based on their medical history--that is, whether or not they were prone to being unsound in the past--and divided into two groups of seven [the control (CON) and the experimental group (THPL)]. Horses in the CON group only use the TheraPlate should they be diagnosed with a disease or condition that is treatable with the TheraPlate. The THPL group receives treatment every time they are ridden (whether for a practice, scrimmage, or competition). Treatment on the plate consists of a work-down from one hundred to zero (level of intensity) for twenty minutes. Each horse in the study is ridden three to five times weekly, including hour-long practices and a two- to three-hour scrimmage. Lameness is graded on a scale of zero to five by the Equestrian team assistant coach pre- and post-riding. Any horse receiving a pre-riding grade greater than zero will not be ridden at that session. Rather, the horse is treated with the TheraPlate, placed under observation, and reevaluated within twenty-four hours. Preliminary results will be presented. The results should reveal whether the proactive use of a TheraPlate decreases the frequency and/or severity of lameness in jumping-seat horses.
Prevalence of Cannabidiol, ∆9- and ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Metabolites in Workplace Drug Testing Urine Specimens
Authors: Vikingsson Svante , Winecker Ruth E , Cone Edward J , Kuntz David J , Dorsey Brian , Jacques Martin , Senter Melanie , Flegel Ronald R , Hayes Eugene D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given the recent popularity of cannabidiol (CBD) use and the emergence of ∆8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8-THC), the prevalence and concentrations of these and other cannabinoids were investigated in 2,000 regulated and 4,000 non-regulated specimens from workplace drug testing. All specimens were screened using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) for the presence of 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (∆9-THC-COOH), with a cutoff of 2 ng/mL. Specimens screening positive by LC–MS-MS were analyzed by immunoassay at 20, 50 and 100 ng/mL cutoffs and by an LC–MS-MS confirmation method for 11 cannabinoids and metabolites with a 1 ng/mL cutoff. Using a 1 ng/mL cutoff, 98 (4.9%) regulated and 331 (8.3%) non-regulated specimens were positive for ∆9-THC-COOH. Of these, 64% had concentrations below 15 ng/mL. Similarly, 59 (3.0%) regulated and 162 (4.2%) non-regulated specimens were positive for 7-OH-CBD (n = 210), CBD (n = 120) and/or 7-carboxy-cannabidiol (CBD-COOH, n = 120). The median concentrations of 7-OH-CBD, CBD and CBD-COOH in those 221 specimens were 6.3, 1.1 and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (∆8-THC-COOH) was identified in 76 (1.3%) specimens. Parent ∆8-THC is a minor cannabinoid in marijuana, which appears to account for the typically low ∆8-THC-COOH concentrations (median 3.4 ng/mL) in most positive specimens. However, elevated concentrations suggested the use of ∆8-THC-containing products in some cases (range 1.0–415 ng/mL). Although 93% agreement was observed between confirmatory LC–MS-MS (15 ng/mL cutoff) and immunoassay (50 ng/mL cutoff), a false-negative specimen (66 ng/mL ∆9-THC-COOH) was identified.
Applying energy justice principles: a case study of solar energy in Vanuatu
Authors: Taylor Madeline , Taylor Susanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change created in part, by worldwide carbon emissions, while also being highly dependent on carbon-intensive imported fossil fuels. Pacific SIDS are also hostage to acute energy price volatility and fossil fuel import dependencies creating the urgent impetus for resilient and accessible renewable energy systems. This article provides a socio-legal case study analysis of current efforts to increase off-grid solar energy in Vanuatu. It focuses on how a just transition can be achieved in rural Vanuatu by applying and implementing three forms of energy justice: distributive, procedural, and recognition justice. Energy justice is a crucial framework for energy regulation and policy reform and action. While all five forms of energy justice are complementary and intrinsically linked, this article specifically examines the ‘triumvirate of tenets’ applied to the Vanuatu Rural Electrification Project (VREP) II deploying solar energy in rural Vanuatu. This article also posits that the current international project funding framework which includes a series of social and environmental safeguards could be revisited, revised, and reformulated to reflect an energy justice framework. Finally, the article also isolates key opportunities to encourage solar energy cooperatives as an alternative legal vehicle harnessing energy justice principles.
Stress, senescence, and specialized metabolites in bryophytes
Authors: Kulshrestha Samarth , Jibran Rubina , van Klink John W , Zhou Yanfei , Brummell David A , Albert Nick W , Schwinn Kathy E , Chagné David , Landi Marco , Bowman John L , Davies Kevin M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLife on land exposes plants to varied abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. These environmental drivers contributed to a large expansion of metabolic capabilities during land plant evolution and species diversification. In this review we summarize knowledge on how the specialized metabolite pathways of bryophytes may contribute to stress tolerance capabilities. Bryophytes are the non-tracheophyte land plant group (comprising the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) and rapidly diversified following the colonization of land. Mosses and liverworts have as wide a distribution as flowering plants with regard to available environments, able to grow in polar regions through to hot desert landscapes. Yet in contrast to flowering plants, for which the biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulation, and compound function of stress tolerance-related metabolite pathways have been extensively characterized, it is only recently that similar data have become available for bryophytes. The bryophyte data are compared with those available for angiosperms, including examining how the differing plant forms of bryophytes and angiosperms may influence specialized metabolite diversity and function. The involvement of stress-induced specialized metabolites in senescence and nutrient response pathways is also discussed.
Phyllotaxis without symmetry: what can we learn from flower heads?
Authors: Prusinkiewicz Przemyslaw , Zhang Teng , Owens Andrew , Cieslak Mikolaj , Elomaa Paula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhyllotaxis is commonly considered in the context of circular meristems or receptacles, yet non-circular (fasciated) structures also give rise to new primordia and organs. Here we investigate phyllotactic patterns in fasciated flower heads in the Asteraceae plant family. We begin by surveying the phenomenon of fasciation. We then show that phyllotactic patterns in fasciated heads can be generated by removing the inessential assumption of circularity from the previously published model of gerbera heads. To characterize these patterns, we revisit the conceptual framework in which phyllotactic patterns are commonly described. We note that some notions, in particular parastichies and parastichy numbers, maintain their significance in non-circular phyllotaxis, whereas others, in particular the divergence angle, need to be extended or lose their role. These observations highlight a number of open problems related to phyllotaxis in general, which may be elucidated by studies of fasciated heads.
Top-heavy stellar mass distribution in galactic nuclei inferred from the universally high abundance ratio of [Fe/Mg]
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Inayoshi Kohei , Ishigaki Miho N , Tominaga Nozomu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have shown a high Fe ii/Mg ii line-flux ratio in their broad-line regions, nearly independent of redshift up to z ≳ 6. The high flux ratio requires rapid production of iron in galactic nuclei to reach an abundance ratio of [Fe/Mg] ≳ 0.2 as high as those observed in matured galaxies in the local universe. We propose a possible explanation of rapid iron enrichment in AGNs by massive star formation that follows a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF) with a power-law index of Γ larger than the canonical value of Γ = −2.35 for a Salpeter IMF. Taking into account metal production channels from different types of SNe, we find that the high value of [Fe/Mg] ≳ 0.2 requires the IMF to be characterized with Γ ≳ −1 (Γ ≳ 0) and a high-mass cutoff at Mmax ≃ 100–150 M⊙ (Mmax ≳ 250 M⊙). Given the conditions, core-collapse SNe with M* ≳ 70 M⊙ and pair-instability SNe give a major contribution for iron enrichment. Such top-heavy stellar IMFs would be a natural consequence from mass growth of stars formed in dense AGN discs under Bondi-like gas accretion that is regulated by feedback at M* ≳ 10 M⊙. The massive stellar population formed in AGN discs also leave stellar-mass black hole remnants, whose mergers associated with gravitational-wave emission account for at most 10 per cent of the merger rate inferred from LIGO/Virgo observations to simultaneously explain the high [Fe/Mg] ratio with metal ejection.
On the road to per cent accuracy VI: the non-linear power spectrum for interacting dark energy with baryonic feedback and massive neutrinos
Authors: Carrilho Pedro , Carrion Karim , Bose Benjamin , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Lombriser Lucas , Baldi Marco 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding non-linear structure formation is crucial for fully exploring the data generated by stage IV surveys, requiring accurate modelling of the power spectrum. This is challenging for deviations from Λ cold dark matter, but we must ensure that alternatives are well tested, to avoid false detections. We present an extension of the halo model reaction framework for interacting dark energy. We modify the halo model including the additional force present in the Dark Scattering model and implement it into ReACT. The reaction is combined with a pseudo-spectrum from EuclidEmulator2 and compared to N-body simulations. Using standard mass function and concentration-mass relation, we find predictions to be 1 per cent accurate at z = 0 up to k = 0.8 h Mpc−1 for the largest interaction strength tested (ξ = 50 b GeV−1), improving to 2 h Mpc−1 at z = 1. For smaller interaction strength (10 b GeV−1), we find 1 per cent agreement at z = 1 up to scales above 3.5 h Mpc−1, being close to 1 h Mpc−1 at z = 0. Finally, we improve our predictions with the inclusion of baryonic feedback and massive neutrinos and study degeneracies between the effects of these contributions and those of the interaction. Limiting the scales to where our modelling is 1 per cent accurate, we find a degeneracy between the interaction and feedback, but not with massive neutrinos. We expect the degeneracy with feedback to be resolvable by including smaller scales. This work represents the first analytical tool for calculating the non-linear spectrum for interacting dark energy models.
The ASTRID simulation: galaxy formation and reionization
Authors: Bird Simeon , Ni Yueying , Di Matteo Tiziana , Croft Rupert , Feng Yu , Chen Nianyi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe introduce the Astrid simulation, a large-scale cosmological hydrodynamic simulation in a $250 \, h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$ box with 2 × 55003 particles. Astrid contains a large number of high redshift galaxies, which can be compared to future survey data, and resolves galaxies in haloes more massive than $2\times 10^9 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Astrid has been run from z = 99 to 3. As a particular focus is modelling the high redshift Universe, it contains models for inhomogeneous hydrogen and helium reionization, baryon relative velocities and massive neutrinos, as well as supernova and AGN feedback. The black hole model includes mergers driven by dynamical friction rather than repositioning. We briefly summarize the implemented models, and the technical choices we took when developing the simulation code. We validate the model, showing good agreement with observed ultraviolet luminosity functions, galaxy stellar mass functions and specific star formation rates (SFRs). We show that the redshift at which a given galaxy underwent hydrogen reionization has a large effect on the halo gas fraction. Finally, at z = 6, haloes with $M \sim 2\times 10^9 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ which have been reionized have an SFR 1.5 times greater than those which have not yet been reionized.
The mitochondrial poison carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) induces aneugenic effects in primary human fibroblasts: a possible link between mitochondrial dysfunction and chromosomal loss
Authors: Marcon Francesca , De Battistis Francesca , Siniscalchi Ester , Crebelli Riccardo , Meschini Roberta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An association between proper chromosome segregation and intact mitochondria has been extensively reported. This could be related to the effects on the progression of cell division of altered energy production, increased oxidative stress, and deregulated calcium homeostasis. However, evidence for a direct relationship is still lacking. The present study was aimed at investigating the possible effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on chromosomal instability as detected in primary human cells treated with the mitochondrial poison carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). Chromosome instability was analyzed in anaphase and interphase cells to follow the fate of chromosome damage during the progression of mitosis and the subsequent cell cycle. Through the combination of cytogenetic approaches and molecular analyses, i.e. morphological cell analysis, formation and characterization of micronucleus content, Comet assay, and gene expression, it was demonstrated that the prevalent DNA damage associated with CCCP treatment was the induction of chromosome loss, while primary DNA damage was not detected. No alterations in the shape of anaphase cells were observed nor induction of multipolar spindles. The proper activation of mitotic checkpoint was maintained. A linear dose–response curve characterizing the CCCP effects suggested that multiple cellular targets could be affected by the CCCP-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions triggering aneuploidy. Conversely, a steep increase was induced by the positive control vinblastine, known to have tubulin as a unique target. In addition, the effect of CCCP on mitochondrial function was demonstrated by changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial maintenance. Overall, these results indicate that the mitochondrial poison CCCP may induce aneugenic effects.
The human AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA G-quadruplex structure binding protein and regulatesKRASexpression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Pramanik Suravi , Chen Yingling , Song Heyu , Khutsishvili Irine , Marky Luis A , Ray Sutapa , Natarajan Amarnath , Singh Pankaj K , Bhakat Kishor K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive types of cancer, is characterized by aberrant activity of oncogenic KRAS. A nuclease-hypersensitive GC-rich region in KRAS promoter can fold into a four-stranded DNA secondary structure called G-quadruplex (G4), known to regulate KRAS expression. However, the factors that regulate stable G4 formation in the genome and KRAS expression in PDAC are largely unknown. Here, we show that APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1), a multifunctional DNA repair enzyme, is a G4-binding protein, and loss of APE1 abrogates the formation of stable G4 structures in cells. Recombinant APE1 binds to KRAS promoter G4 structure with high affinity and promotes G4 folding in vitro. Knockdown of APE1 reduces MAZ transcription factor loading onto the KRAS promoter, thus reducing KRAS expression in PDAC cells. Moreover, downregulation of APE1 sensitizes PDAC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that PDAC patients’ tissue samples have elevated levels of both APE1 and G4 DNA. Our findings unravel a critical role of APE1 in regulating stable G4 formation and KRAS expression in PDAC and highlight G4 structures as genomic features with potential application as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in PDAC.
The Arabidopsis cyclophilin CYP18-1 facilitates PRP18 dephosphorylation and the splicing of introns retained under heat stress
Authors: Jo Seung Hee , Park Hyun Ji , Lee Areum , Jung Haemyeong , Park Jeong Mee , Kwon Suk-Yoon , Kim Hyun-Soon , Lee Hyo-Jun , Kim Youn-Sung , Jung Choonkyun , Cho Hye Sun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn plants, heat stress induces changes in alternative splicing, including intron retention; these events can rapidly alter proteins or downregulate protein activity, producing nonfunctional isoforms or inducing nonsense-mediated decay of messenger RNA (mRNA). Nuclear cyclophilins (CYPs) are accessory proteins in the spliceosome complexes of multicellular eukaryotes. However, whether plant CYPs are involved in pre-mRNA splicing remain unknown. Here, we found that Arabidopsis thaliana CYP18-1 is necessary for the efficient removal of introns that are retained in response to heat stress during germination. CYP18-1 interacts with Step II splicing factors (PRP18a, PRP22, and SWELLMAP1) and associates with the U2 and U5 small nuclear RNAs in response to heat stress. CYP18-1 binds to phospho-PRP18a, and increasing concentrations of CYP18-1 are associated with increasing dephosphorylation of PRP18a. Furthermore, interaction and protoplast transfection assays revealed that CYP18-1 and the PP2A-type phosphatase PP2A B′η co-regulate PRP18a dephosphorylation. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that CYP18-1 is essential for splicing introns that are retained under heat stress. Overall, we reveal the mechanism of action by which CYP18-1 activates the dephosphorylation of PRP18 and show that CYP18-1 is crucial for the efficient splicing of retained introns and rapid responses to heat stress in plants.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL SCINTILLATION COCKTAILS FOR LOW-LEVEL TRITIUM COUNTING BY HIGH-CAPACITY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER
Authors: Kuwata Haruka , Tazoe Hirofumi , Kranrod Chutima , Fujiwara Kenso , Terashima Motoki , Matsueda Makoto , Hirao Shigekazu , Akata Naofumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low-background liquid scintillation counter is one of the popular measuring instruments used to investigate tritium radioactivity in environmental media. These instruments require the liquid sample and organic solvent to be mixed for tritium measurement. In the European Union, the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals regulation was established to control the use of chemical substances of very high concern. It is important to find continuously available alternative reagents. In this paper, a performance evaluation was conducted using four scintillation cocktails according to Japanese conventional procedure; although one of them, Gold Star LT2, contains nonylphenol ethoxylate, it will continue to be available for research and development. From the evaluation results it was confirmed that Gold Star LT2 would be a satisfactory alternative scintillator, which is similar performance of Ultima Gold LLT.
No Good Choices: Concealing or Disclosing Single Motherhood in Korea
Authors: Chung Yiyoon , Son Seohee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Little research has explored the context in which single parents in Korea conceal their identity. Using data from focus group interviews with 19 single mothers, this qualitative study conducted a thematic analysis to examine (a) how and why single mothers in Korea conceal their status as such, (b) the consequences of mothers concealing their identity, and (c) their efforts to find a space where they can be themselves. The findings revealed that in Korea’s strong collectivist and Confucian-influenced culture, single mothers experience societal stigma that implicitly and explicitly deters them from disclosing their status. Women who choose to disclose their single motherhood must actively “come out” and face the subsequent stigma directly, while those who choose not to do so experience isolation, feelings of guilt, and lower levels of civic participation. There are no options that allow a single mother to simultaneously be true to herself and remain free from societal shame—there is no good choice. However, the mothers who participated in this study fostered a positive social identity by attending support groups, building relationships, helping others, and increasing social and civic participation. The implications for social work research and practice are discussed.