bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catharine Macaulay's: Letters on Education
Authors: Titone Connie 
Published: February 2022

Catherine Macaulay (1731–1791) is best known as an English historian. She was also, however, an insightful and articulate author on the topic of the education of young people. This article presents Macaulay's views as expressed in her noteworthy work Letters on Education, printed originally in 1787 and in revised form in 1790. In Letters, Macaulay articulated her philosophy of education, which integrated her metaphysical beliefs and her epistemological views with the pedagogy and practice they implied. Her ultimate hope from the educational process was to yield an educated person who had attained the character, morals, and knowledge that she values in citizens of both genders. The purpose of this article is to present a brief description of Catherine Macaulay's life and work within a social and political context that will offer detailed information and analysis on specific significant educational ideas as written Letters on Education. The vision undergirding her thought that is, Macaulay's views on human nature, the educated person, and moral education well be treated first. Second, the implementation of this vision in the educational process through curriculum, discipline, school, policy, and teacher dispositions and behaviors will be. explored
An America Curriculum?
Authors: Cornbleth Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Public schooling in the United States serves the purposes of Americanization and assimilation. Group and national identities are continually refashioned, however, and in the late 1990s, it is much less clear what students are being socialized or assimilated to than it was twenty or forty or eighty years ago. The resurgence of policy activity and controversy regarding American pluralism-diversity-multiculturalism has raised questions about what vision or version of the nation is to be transmitted to future generations via school curricula. The focus of the study presented here is the images of America actually being conveyed in elementary, middle, and high school social studies classes. The absence of a single, predominant image of America in these classes can be understood as reflecting the complex realities of United States history and contemporary society. Closest to a dominant theme was “imperfect but best”—America as the best country in the world, despite past problems, current difficulties, and various complaints. Alternative interpretations were offered, all pointing to disruption of the traditional story of America, a disruption that challenges not only the conventional wisdom but also the privileged positions of those individuals and groups who have benefited from dominant ideologies and prevailing distributions of power.
Exploring perceptions about Mindfulness and Mindful Eating Programs for low-income women with overweight in primary health care
Authors: Salvo Vera , Schveitzer Mariana Cabral , Sanudo Adriana , Favarato Maria Lucia , Demarzo Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Obesity and overweight are public health problems of multifactorial etiology, aggravated by the challenge that is maintaining weight loss. Used in the context of general health, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have also showed positive effects when targeting changes to overweight-related eating behaviors. Methods: This study consists of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial conducted with 284 women from primary health care units. Data were collected from the last session with 16 focus groups, considering each intervention group (mindfulness or mindful eating) Aim: This article aims to present the perceptions of low-income overweight women who participated in Mindfulness and Mindful Eating intervention groups in primary health care according to each type of intervention. Results: Seven themes were identified: course challenges; valorization of the teacher's attitudes; mindfulness understanding; self-awareness development; change of expectations; development of a different food–weight relationship; and discover of a wide range of benefits. Conclusion: Mindfulness and Mindful eating interventions affect not only an individual's relationship with body and food, but also life and human relations. The results indicate the feasibility of the intervention, which addresses a large number of patients who lack treatment options for overweight or emotional and psychological issues associated with this condition. MBIs such as mindful eating are applicable in primary health care facilities, targeting overweight women and supporting treatment by addressing a repressed demand in the system. Similar to mind-body therapies, these interventions allow for comprehensive care. ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT02893150) on 30 March 2017.
A machine learning-based model for real-time leak pinpointing in buildings using accelerometers
Authors: El-Zahab Samer , Al-Sakkaf Abobakr , Mohammed Abdelkader Eslam , Zayed Tarek 
Published: February 2022

Modern water networks from municipal network to building networks are plagued with the threat of leaks. Leaks create a significant amount of loss of resources. Pressurized water pipelines are more susceptible due to the high pressure at which water travels. Multiple researchers have tried to utilize a variety of static (devices that are left in the network) and dynamic (devices that are mobilized to the suspected location) leak detection techniques to ensure the early detection and pinpointing of leaks in water transportation networks. The main goal is to provide quick and efficient tools that can identify and pinpoint leaks in buildings while being cost-effective. This article proposes a small-scale experimental static real-time monitoring system that can identify leaks and their location with high accuracy by measuring vibration signals via wireless accelerometers. The experiment utilizes one-inch and two-inch Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and iron pipelines, which are commonly used in residential buildings. Since the proposed system is static, the wireless accelerometers are placed on the exterior walls of the pipelines. The vibration signals, derived from each accelerometer, were calculated and analyzed. A leak is identified when a spike in the signal is detected. Once a leak was identified, the model would move to determine the source of the signal, that is, the leak location. The developed models proved to be capable of accurately pinpointing leaks within an accuracy of 25 cm. The main techniques that were used in model development were regression analysis and backpropagation of artificial neural networks models.
Effectiveness of golimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis: results of a real-life study in Switzerland
Authors: Perrig Kathrin , Krupka Niklas , Jordi Sebastian Bruno Ulrich , Rossel Jean-Benoît , Biedermann Luc , Greuter Thomas , Schreiner Philipp , Vavricka Stephan R. , Juillerat Pascal , Burri Emanuel , Zimmermann Dorothee , Maillard Michel H. , Sulz Michael Christian , Brand Stephan , Rogler Gerhard , Misselwitz Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have improved treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but loss of response remains a frequent problem. The anti-TNF agent, golimumab, was approved in Switzerland for the treatment of UC in 2014. This study aims to summarize the experience of golimumab in a real-world setting in Switzerland. Methods: We analyzed real-world data from 1769 UC patients from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort (SIBDC) study and performed a chart review of golimumab-treated patients. We extracted the partial Mayo score at t0 (baseline), t1 (2–16 weeks), t2 (17–35 weeks), and t3 (36–89 weeks). The primary endpoint was clinical response at t1, defined as marked improvement in partial Mayo score and objective parameters. Clinical remission was defined as resolution of symptoms and normalization of objective parameters. Results: Our chart review included 103 UC patients with golimumab treatment (5.8% of all SIBDC UC patients); only 16 (15.5%) were anti-TNF naïve. Sixty-three patients remained on golimumab (61.2%) after 180 days, 51 (44.7%) after 365 days, and 34 (33%) after 630 days after the start of treatment. Upon golimumab treatment, the partial Mayo score decreased from 4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2–6] at t0 to 2 (IQR: 0–4) at t1, 1 (IQR: 0–3.5) at t2, and 1 (IQR: 0–3) at t3 ( p < 0.001 for all comparisons with t0). The primary endpoint, clinical response at t1, could be evaluated in 52 patients and was met in 15 individuals (28.8%). Clinical remission at t1 was observed in 8 out of 52 patients (15.4%). Golimumab was generally well tolerated, one patient developed meningitis. The most frequent reasons to stop treatment were primary and secondary non-response. Conclusion: Golimumab was used in 5.8% of Swiss UC patients, mainly in biologic-experienced individuals. Golimumab treatment was associated with a sustained reduction of symptoms and clinical response in approximately 30% of patients. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00488631]
Estimation of fracture risk by the FRAX tool in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year longitudinal validation study
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Tse Sau Mei , Chan Kar Li , Ho Ling Yin 
Published: February 2022

Background: The fracture risk assessment tool has been widely used to stratify the 10-year fracture risk to guide therapy. Using the actual fracture data of a 10-year longitudinal cohort of older patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, we reported an underestimation of the tool in predicting major symptomatic osteoporotic fractures. Treatment of osteoporosis in systemic lupus erythematosus should not be based on fracture risk estimation alone. Relevant time-dependent risk factors should be taken into account for an individualized decision. Objective: To compare the observed fracture incidence in a 10-year longitudinal cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with the fracture risk prediction from the fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool. Methods: Adult patients (⩾40 years) with SLE who had a first DEXA scan performed in 2005–2009 were studied. The 10-year rates of major osteoporotic and hip fractures were estimated by FRAX using clinical data at DEXA with adjustment for prednisolone dosage. The actual incidence of clinical fractures at 10 years was compared with the estimated rates. Factors associated with new fractures were studied by logistic regression. Results: A total of 229 SLE patients were studied (age: 50.2 ± 6.6 years, 93% women). Glucocorticoid was used in 148 (65%) patients at baseline (mean dose: 7.3 ± 6.9 mg/day; 34% ⩾ 7.5 mg/day). Osteoporosis (bone mineral density T score ⩽ –2.5) at the hip, femoral neck, or spine was present in 61 (27%) patients. The estimated 10-year risk of major osteoporotic and hip fractures by FRAX was 3.4 ± 4.5% and 0.95 ± 2.3%, respectively. After 10 years, three patients developed hip fracture, 6 patients had limb fractures and 20 patients had symptomatic vertebral fractures (major osteoporotic fracture 12.7%, hip fracture 1.3%). The actual major osteoporotic fracture rate was significantly higher than the FRAX estimation (12.7% vs 3.4%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR): 4.07 [1.51–10.9]), previous fragility fracture (OR: 3.18 [1.02–9.90]), and a parental history of fracture (OR: 4.44 [1.16–17.0]) were independently associated with new clinical fractures at 10 years. Conclusion: The FRAX tool underestimates the major clinical fracture risk at 10 years in patients with SLE.
Determinants of stillbirth among women who gave birth at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mulatu Teshale , Debella Adera , Feto Tilaye , Dessie Yadeta 
Published: February 2022

Introduction/objectives: Stillbirths are an adverse birth outcome and a significant public health problem in low- and high-income countries. Ethiopia is ranked seventh among ten countries that constitute 66% of the world’s stillbirths. However, there is a dearth of evidence about stillbirths and the determinants in the country, particularly in Eastern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of stillbirths among women who gave birth at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among women who gave birth from October to December 2017. The study participants were selected through a systematic random sampling method. We collected the data using a pretested questionnaire through face-to-face interviews and maternal medical record reviews. The multi-variable logistic regression model was applied to identify the determinants with adjusted odds ratios at a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Five hundred fifty-five women were included in the study, and 6.7% ((95% confidence interval = 4.7%, 9.2%)) experienced a stillbirth. Previous history of adverse birth outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 9.55; 95% confidence interval = (4.37, 20.85), p = 0.003), multiple pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio = 7.04; 95% confidence interval = (2.12, 23.40), p = 0.000), and spontaneous vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 0.17; 95% confidence interval = (0.05, 0.51), p = 0.002) were the identified determinants of stillbirth. Conclusion: The prevalence of stillbirth in this study was similar to previous reports in the country. Early detection and treatment of complications among mothers with multiple pregnancies and prior history of adverse outcomes are vital to alleviate the problem.
Development and comparison of 1-year survival models in patients with primary bone sarcomas: External validation of a Bayesian belief network model and creation and external validation of a new gradient boosting machine model
Authors: Holm Christina E , Grazal Clare F , Raedkjaer Mathias , Baad-Hansen Thomas , Nandra Rajpal , Grimer Robert , Forsberg Jonathan A , Petersen Michael Moerk , Skovlund Soerensen Michala 
Published: February 2022

Background: Bone sarcomas often present late with advanced stage at diagnosis and an according, varying short-term survival. In 2016, Nandra et al. generated a Bayesian belief network model for 1-year survival in patients with bone sarcomas. The purpose of this study is: (1) to externally validate the prior 1-year Bayesian belief network prediction model for survival in patients with bone sarcomas and (2) to develop a gradient boosting machine model using Nandra et al.’s cohort and evaluate whether the gradient boosting machine model outperforms the Bayesian belief network model when externally validated in an independent Danish population cohort. Material and Methods: The training cohort comprised 3493 patients newly diagnosed with bone sarcoma from the institutional prospectively maintained database at the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK. The validation cohort comprised 771 patients with newly diagnosed bone sarcoma included from the Danish Sarcoma Registry during January 1, 2000–June 22, 2016. We performed area under receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, Brier score and decision curve analysis to evaluate the predictive performance of the models. Results: External validation of the Bayesian belief network 1-year prediction model demonstrated an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 68% (95% confidence interval, 62%-73%). Area under receiver operator characteristic curve of the gradient boosting machine model demonstrated: 75% (95% confidence interval: 70%-80%), overall model performance by the Brier score was 0.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.077–0.11) and decision curve analysis demonstrated a positive net benefit for threshold probabilities above 0.5. External validation of the developed gradient boosting machine model demonstrated an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 63% (95% confidence interval: 57%-68%), and the Brier score was 0.14 (95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.16). Conclusion: External validation of the 1-year Bayesian belief network survival model yielded a poor outcome based on a Danish population cohort validation. We successfully developed a gradient boosting machine 1-year survival model. The gradient boosting machine did not outperform the Bayesian belief network model based on external validation in a Danish population-based cohort.
Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport at 6 Months Is Higher After Bridge-Enhanced ACL Restoration Than Autograft ACL Reconstruction: Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sanborn Ryan M. , Badger Gary J. ,   The BEAR Trial Team, Proffen Benedikt , Sant Nicholas , Barnett Samuel , Fleming Braden C. , Kramer Dennis E. , Micheli Lyle J. , Yen Yi-Meng , Murray Martha M. , Christino Melissa A. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Previous clinical studies have shown that psychological factors have significant effects on an athlete’s readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that patients who underwent bridge-enhanced ACL restoration (BEAR) would have higher levels of psychological readiness to return to sport compared with patients who underwent ACLR. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 100 patients (median age, 17 years; median preoperative Marx activity score, 16) with complete midsubstance ACL injuries were randomized to either the BEAR procedure (n = 65) or autograft ACLR (n = 35 [33 hamstring and 2 bone--patellar tendon—bone]) and underwent surgery within 45 days of injury. Objective, functional, and patient-reported outcomes, including the ACL--Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results: Patients who underwent the BEAR procedure had significantly higher ACL-RSI scores at 6 months compared with those who underwent ACLR (71.1 vs 58.2; P = .008); scores were similar at 12 and 24 months. Baseline factors independently predictive of higher ACL-RSI scores at 6 months were having a BEAR procedure and participating in level 1 sports prior to injury, explaining 15% of the variability in the scores. Regression analysis of baseline and 6-month outcomes as predictors indicated that the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at 6 months explained 45% of the 6-month ACL-RSI variance. Subsequent analysis with IKDC excluded from the model indicated that decreased pain, increased hamstring and quadriceps strength in the surgical limb, and decreased side-to-side difference in anteroposterior knee laxity were significant predictors of a higher ACL-RSI score at 6 months, explaining 34% of the variability in scores. Higher ACL-RSI score at 6 months was associated with earlier clearance to return to sports. Conclusion: Patients who underwent the BEAR procedure had higher ACL-RSI scores at 6 months postoperatively. Better ACL-RSI scores at 6 months were related most strongly to higher IKDC scores at 6 months and were also associated with lower pain levels, better muscle recovery, and less knee laxity at 6 months. Registration: NCT02664545 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
The interactions between interleukin-1 family genes: IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and obesity parameters
Authors: Maculewicz Ewelina , Antkowiak Bożena , Antkowiak Oktawiusz , Borecka Anna , Mastalerz Andrzej , Leońska-Duniec Agata , Humińska-Lisowska Kinga , Michałowska-Sawczyn Monika , Garbacz Aleksandra , Lorenz Katarzyna , Szarska Ewa , Dziuda Łukasz , Cywińska Anna , Cięszczyk Paweł 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide growing problem, producing many pathologies including the promotion of “proinflammatory state.” The etiology of human obesity is still only partially understood; however, the genetic background has been proved. Its nature is complex, and currently, it appears that the combined effects of the interactions among multiple genes should receive more attention. Due to the fact that obesity promotes proinflammatory conditions, in this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of IL-1 family genes in healthy people with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI) and fat %.

Results
The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587), IL1B + 3954 T > C (rs1143634), and IL1RN -87G > A (rs2234677) genes alone were associated neither with BMI nor fat % values in tested group. The associations between SNP–SNP interaction and BMI for the IL1B × IL1RN interactions were significant for dominant model (p = 0.02) and codominant model (p = 0.03). The same SNP-SNP interaction (IL1B × IL1RN) was associated also with fat % for codominant (p = 0.01) and recessive (p = 0.002) models.

Conclusions
This study further confirmed that IL-1 family genes are involved in genetic background of obesity. It has been shown that interaction IL1B × IL1RN was associated with both BMI and fat % with rare T allele protecting form higher values. Thus, even if certain polymorphisms in single genes of IL-1 family cannot be defined as related to obesity in examined population, the genetic interrelationships should be analyzed.
Exploring protective and risk factors in the home environment in high-risk families – results from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study—VIA 7
Authors: Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Gantriis Ditte Lou , Greve Aja Neergaard , Henriksen Maria Toft , Zahle Kate Kold , Stadsgaard Henriette , Ellersgaard Ditte , Burton Birgitte Klee , Christiani Camilla Jerlang , Spang Katrine , Hemager Nicoline , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Plessen Kerstin J. , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Bliksted Vibeke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Exposure to inadequate home environment may put the healthy development of familial high-risk children at risk. This study aimed to investigate associations between risk factors and an adequate home environment of children having a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Methods
From a cohort of 522 children, data from 463 7-year-old children was included. Of these 172 children had familial risk for schizophrenia, 109 children had familial risk for bipolar disorder, and 190 were population-based controls. As part of a comprehensive battery, all participants were assessed with the Middle Childhood-Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (MC-HOME Inventory) measuring the quality of the home environment.

Results
When analyzing all families together, we found that having a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia would have a negative impact on the home environment (ß = -1.08; 95% CI (-2.16;-0.01); p = 0.05), while familial risk for bipolar disorder did not show significant predictive value. Being a single caregiver and child having experienced severe life events from ages 4 to 7 showed significant negative impact, while child having a mental illness diagnosis did not. Being a female caregiver, good social functioning of the caregiver, high child IQ and not being a single caregiver were found to predict positive values for the home environment. We found similar results when analyzing caregivers with and without a diagnosis separately.

Conclusions
Knowledge of what predicts good home environment should be used to inform development of early interventions for families at risk.