bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact and Numerical Solutions of the Riemann Problem for a Conservative Model of Compressible Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Thein Ferdinand , Romenski Evgeniy , Dumbser Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work we study the solution of the Riemann problem for the barotropic version of the conservative symmetric hyperbolic and thermodynamically compatible (SHTC) two-phase flow model introduced in Romenski et al. (J Sci Comput 42(1):68, 2009, Quart Appl Math 65(2):259–279, 2007). All characteristic fields are carefully studied and explicit expressions are derived for the Riemann invariants and the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions. Due to the presence of multiple characteristics in the system under consideration, non-standard wave phenomena can occur. Therefore we briefly review admissibility conditions for discontinuities and then discuss possible wave interactions. In particular we will show that overlapping rarefaction waves are possible and moreover we may have shocks that lie inside a rarefaction wave. In contrast to nonconservative two phase flow models, such as the Baer–Nunziato system, we can use the advantage of the conservative form of the model under consideration. Furthermore, we show the relation between the considered conservative SHTC system and the corresponding barotropic version of the nonconservative Baer–Nunziato model. Additionally, we derive the reduced four equation Kapila system for the case of instantaneous relaxation, which is the common limit system of both, the conservative SHTC model and the non-conservative Baer–Nunziato model. Finally, we compare exact solutions of the Riemann problem with numerical results obtained for the conservative two-phase flow model under consideration, for the non-conservative Baer–Nunziato system and for the Kapila limit. The examples underline the previous analysis of the different wave phenomena, as well as differences and similarities of the three systems.
Effect of vanadium precursor on dip-coated vanadium oxide thin films
Authors: Bouzbib Mohammed , Rohonczy János , Sinkó Katalin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe effect of chemical substances is reported on the structure, surface morphology, and material properties of vanadium oxide thin films. The study of the chemical substances concentrated on the effects of initial materials (e.g., NH4VO3, NaVO3, VO2, vanadyl acetylacetonate, ammonium decavanadate) and various additives (e.g., acids, chelate ligand, reduction reagent, and tensides). The syntheses are based on sol-gel chemistry. The important aim of the sol-gel technique was to optimize the chemical conditions such as catalyst and solvent for the preparation of perfect V5+-containing layers. The other aim was to check the controllability of the V4+/V5+ ratios. The control was performed in the air by using a reducing agent and in a nitrogen atmosphere. The atomic and bond structures were investigated by 51V MAS NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopies. The supramolecular structures were determined by SEM, EDX, and GIXRD techniques.
Responses of avian assemblages to spatiotemporal landscape dynamics in urban ecosystems
Authors: Fraissinet Maurizio , Ancillotto Leonardo , Migliozzi Antonello , Capasso Silvia , Bosso Luciano , Chamberlain Dan E. , Russo Danilo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Context
Urbanization and its associated impacts on biodiversity are increasing globally. There is a need to enhance our understanding of species responses to inform strategies for sustainable urbanization.

Objectives
Three extensive bird monitoring campaigns took place over the last three decades in the city of Naples, Italy, providing a comprehensive longitudinal dataset to analyse occurrence trends of urban birds. We aimed to assess both species-specific and assemblage-level changes in urban birds according to land cover dynamics.

Methods
We extracted bird data for the periods 1990–95, 2000–05, and 2014–18, and explored the spatial and temporal relationships between bird presence/avian assemblage composition, and land cover variation.

Results
The species richness of breeding birds remained stable over time, despite a notable species turnover, influenced by changes in the species’ key land cover classes. Species associated with forest and urban land cover tended to colonise the area, while those dependent on abandoned and cultivated areas decreased or went locally extinct. Birds changed their degree of dependence upon their key habitat type over time, as species from marginal and open habitat types needed larger amounts of habitat to persist within the area, while forest species showed an opposite trend.

Conclusions
Habitat-driven changes in avian assemblages within the urban landscape led to an increase in forest-associated species, and a decrease in birds associated with declining habitat types. Our findings may inform urban planning to promote more wildlife-friendly cities, which for our study area should prioritise open and marginal habitats.
Boolean Mereology
Authors: Wu Xinhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost ordinary objects - cats, humans, mountains, ships, tables, etc. - have indeterminate mereological boundaries. If the theory of mereology is meant to include ordinary objects at all, we need it to have some space for mereological indeterminacy. In this paper, we present a novel degree-theoretic semantics - Boolean semantics - and argue that it is the best degree-theoretic semantics for modeling mereological indeterminacy, for three main reasons: (a) it allows for incomparable degrees of parthood, (b) it enforces classical logic, and (c) it is compatible with all the axioms of classical mereology. Using Boolean semantics, we will also investigate the connection between vagueness in parthood and vagueness in existence/identity. We show that, contrary to what many have argued, the connection takes neither the form of entailment nor the form of exclusion.
A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of a Food Hygiene Intervention in Low-Income Informal Neighbourhoods of Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Sheillah , Aseyo Evalyne , Anderson John , Cumming Oliver , Baker Kelly K. , Dreibelbis Robert , Mumma Jane Awiti Odhiambo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of infant mortality with the main transmission pathways being unsafe water and contaminated food, surfaces and hands. The ‘Safe Start’ trial evaluated a food hygiene intervention implemented in a peri-urban settlement of Kisumu, Kenya, with the aim of reducing diarrhoeagenic enteric infections among infants. Four food hygiene behaviours were targeted: handwashing with soap before preparation and feeding, boiling infant food before feeding, storing infant food in sealed containers, and exclusive use of designated utensils during feeding.

Methods
A process evaluation of the intervention was guided by a theory of change describing the hypothesised implementation and receipt of the intervention, mechanisms of change, and the context. These were assessed by qualitative and quantitative data that included debriefing sessions with the delivery teams and Community Health Volunteers (CHVs), and structured observations during food preparation.

Results
The intervention achieved high coverage and fidelity with over 90% of 814 eligible caregivers participating in the intervention. Caregivers in the intervention arm demonstrated an understanding of the intervention messages, and had 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02–1.87) times the odds of washing hands before food preparation and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.91–6.56) times the odds of using a feeding utensil compared to caregivers in the control group. Contextual factors, especially the movement of caregivers within and outside the study area and time constraints faced by caregivers influenced uptake of some intervention behaviours.

Conclusion
Future interventions should seek to explicitly target contextual factors such as secondary caregivers and promote food hygiene interventions as independent of each other.
Reductionist methodology and the ambiguity of the categories of race and ethnicity in biomedical research: an exploratory study of recent evidence
Authors: Malinowska Joanna K. , Żuradzki Tomasz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we analyse how researchers use the categories of race and ethnicity with reference to genetics and genomics. We show that there is still considerable conceptual “messiness” (despite the wide-ranging and popular debate on the subject) when it comes to the use of ethnoracial categories in genetics and genomics that among other things makes it difficult to properly compare and interpret research using ethnoracial categories, as well as draw conclusions from them. Finally, we briefly reconstruct some of the biases of reductionism to which geneticists (as well as other researchers referring to genetic methods and explanations) are particularly exposed to, and we analyse the problem in the context of the biologization of ethnoracial categories. Our work constitutes a novel, in-depth contribution to the debate about reporting race and ethnicity in biomedical and health research. First, we reconstruct the theoretical background assumptions about racial ontology which researchers implicitly presume in their studies with the aid of a sample of recent papers published in medical journals about COVID-19. Secondly, we use the typology of the biases of reductionism to the problem of biologization of ethnoracial categories with reference to genetics and genomics.
On the power of boundary rule application in membrane computing
Authors: Battyányi Péter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, it is investigated how different features of membrane systems can be simulated by the boundary rule application. Firstly, it is discussed how the effect of maximally parallel mode can be obtained by non-cooperative boundary rules applied only in sequential mode, then it is also demonstrated how membrane dissolution, or the application of using promoters and inhibitors can be simulated.
HBK-15, a Multimodal Compound, Showed an Anxiolytic-Like Effect in Rats
Authors: Lustyk Klaudia , Sałaciak Kinga , Jakubczyk Magdalena , Jastrzębska-Więsek Magdalena , Partyka Anna , Wesołowska Anna , Marona Henryk , Pytka Karolina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnxiety is a common mental disorder, and its prevalence has lately increased because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, the available anxiolytics are often ineffective, and most possess addictive potential. Thus, searching for novel compounds is essential. In our previous studies, we selected a multimodal compound, HBK-15, which showed a fast antidepressant-like effect in animal models of depression. HBK-15 demonstrated a high affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and moderate for 5-HT7, dopamine D2, and α1-adrenoceptors. Based on the receptor profile and preliminary studies, we aimed to investigate the anxiolytic potential of HBK-15 using the conditioned-response rat model of anxiety, i.e., the Vogel drinking test. We performed hot plate and free-drinking tests to exclude false positive results in the Vogel test. Using radioligand binding studies, we also investigated the affinity of the compound for the selected biological targets, which play a role in anxiety. Our experiments revealed that HBK-15 showed an anxiolytic-like effect in rats (5 mg/kg) without influencing the pain threshold or the amount of water consumed in the free-drinking test. Furthermore, the tested compound did not show a significant affinity for the selected biological targets, which suggests that its anxiolytic-like mechanism of action could be connected with the interaction with other receptors. This study indicates that multimodal compounds with a receptor profile similar to HBK-15 could be an attractive therapeutic option for patients with a generalized anxiety disorder. However, more studies are required to determine the exact mechanism of action of HBK-15 and its safety profile.
The lived, living, and behavioral sense of perception
Authors: Netland Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith Jan Degenaar and Kevin O’Regan’s (D&O) critique of (what they call) ‘autopoietic enactivism’ as point of departure, this article seeks to revisit, refine, and develop phenomenology’s significance for the enactive view. Arguing that D&O’s ‘sensorimotor theory’ fails to do justice to perceptual meaning, the article unfolds by (1) connecting this meaning to the notion of enaction as a meaningful co-definition of perceiver and perceived, (2) recounting phenomenological reasons for conceiving of the perceiving subject as a living body, and (3) showing how the phenomenological perspective does a better job at fulfilling D&O’s requirement for grounding notions of mentality in ‘outer’ criteria than they do. The picture that thus emerges is one of perceptual meaning as an integration of lived, living, and behavioral aspects – a structure of behavior that cannot be captured by appeal to sensorimotor capacities alone but that is adequately illuminated by the enactive notion of adaptive autonomy.
Multi-Spacecraft Observations of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Interacting with Two Solar-Wind Regimes Observed by the Ulysses and Twin-STEREO Spacecraft
Authors: Maunder Megan L. , Foullon Claire , Forsyth Robert , Barnes David , Davies Jackie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a combined study of a coronal mass ejection (CME), revealed in a unique orbital configuration that permits the analysis of remote-sensing observations on 27 June 2007 from the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and -B spacecraft and of its subsequent in situ counterpart outside the ecliptic plane, the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) observed on 04 July 2007 by Ulysses at 1.5 AU and heliographic-Earth-ecliptic coordinates system (HEE) 33° latitude and 49° longitude. We apply a triangulation method to the STEREO Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) COR2 coronagraph images of the CME, and a self-similar expansion fitting method to STEREO/SECCHI Heliospheric Imager (HI)-B. At Ulysses we observe: a preceding forward shock, followed by a sheath region, a magnetic cloud, a rear forward shock, followed by a compression region due to a succeeding high-speed stream (HSS) interacting with the ICME. From a minimum variance analysis (MVA) and a length-scale analysis we infer that the magnetic cloud at Ulysses, with a duration of 24 h, has a west-north-east configuration, length scale of ≈0.2 AU, and mean expansion speed of 14.2 km s−1. The relatively small size of this ICME is likely to be a result of its interaction with the succeeding HSS. This ICME differs from the previously known over-expanding types observed by Ulysses, in that it straddles a region between the slow and fast solar wind that in itself drives the rear shock. We describe the agreements and limitations of these observations in comparison with 3D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) heliospheric simulations of the ICME in the context of a complex solar-wind environment.
Automatic Zig-Zag sampling in practice
Authors: Corbella Alice , Spencer Simon E. F. , Roberts Gareth O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel Monte Carlo methods to generate samples from a target distribution, such as a posterior from a Bayesian analysis, have rapidly expanded in the past decade. Algorithms based on Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMPs), non-reversible continuous-time processes, are developing into their own research branch, thanks their important properties (e.g., super-efficiency). Nevertheless, practice has not caught up with the theory in this field, and the use of PDMPs to solve applied problems is not widespread. This might be due, firstly, to several implementational challenges that PDMP-based samplers present with and, secondly, to the lack of papers that showcase the methods and implementations in applied settings. Here, we address both these issues using one of the most promising PDMPs, the Zig-Zag sampler, as an archetypal example. After an explanation of the key elements of the Zig-Zag sampler, its implementation challenges are exposed and addressed. Specifically, the formulation of an algorithm that draws samples from a target distribution of interest is provided. Notably, the only requirement of the algorithm is a closed-form differentiable function to evaluate the log-target density of interest, and, unlike previous implementations, no further information on the target is needed. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated against canonical Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and it is proven to be competitive, in simulation and real-data settings. Lastly, we demonstrate that the super-efficiency property, i.e. the ability to draw one independent sample at a lesser cost than evaluating the likelihood of all the data, can be obtained in practice.
A mini-review: environmental and metabolic factors affecting aminoglycoside efficacy
Authors: Webster Calum M. , Shepherd Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFollowing the discovery of streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus in the 1940s by Selman Waksman and colleagues, aminoglycosides were first used to treat tuberculosis and then numerous derivatives have since been used to combat a wide variety of bacterial infections. These bactericidal antibiotics were used as first-line treatments for several decades but were largely replaced by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s, although widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistance has led to renewed interest in aminoglycosides. The primary site of action for aminoglycosides is the 30 S ribosomal subunit where they disrupt protein translation, which contributes to widespread cellular damage through a number of secondary effects including rapid uptake of aminoglycosides via elevated proton-motive force (PMF), membrane damage and breakdown, oxidative stress, and hyperpolarisation of the membrane. Several factors associated with aminoglycoside entry have been shown to impact upon bacterial killing, and more recent work has revealed a complex relationship between metabolic states and the efficacy of different aminoglycosides. Hence, it is imperative to consider the environmental conditions and bacterial physiology and how this can impact upon aminoglycoside entry and potency. This mini-review seeks to discuss recent advances in this area and how this might affect the future use of aminoglycosides.
Controlled uptake of PFOA in adult specimens of Paracentrotus lividus and evaluation of gene expression in their gonads and embryos
Authors: Savoca Dario , Pace Andrea , Arizza Vincenzo , Arculeo Marco , Melfi Raffaella 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been largely used in the manufacturing industry but a few years ago it turned out to be a dangerous pollutant which is now of concern for terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of PFOA in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after exposure to different concentrations of the pollutant for 28 days. We observed rapid uptake of PFOA in the coelomic fluid collected weekly during the exposure period and high bioaccumulation in gonads at the end of the experiment. Interestingly, animals were also able to fast depurate when relocated to a clean environment. In addition, to assess the effect of PFOA on sea urchins’ physiological pathways, we analysed the expression profile of some marker genes both in the gonads and in the embryos obtained from parents exposed to PFOA. Our results suggest that PFOA is a persistent, bioaccumulative compound that adversely affects the health of the exposed organisms and their offspring by causing significant changes in the expression of some key target genes and the occurrence of developmental anomalies in the embryos.
Green synthesis of chitosan/erythritol/graphene oxide composites for simultaneous removal of some toxic species from simulated solution
Authors: Sayed Asmaa , Mazrouaa Azza M. , Mohamed Manal G. , Abdel-Raouf Manar El-Sayed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, chitosan (Ch) is adapted via green methodology including sonication induced crosslinking with different weight ratios of erythritol (Er) from (Ch-Er)1to (Ch-Er)4. The products were casted in the form of thin films. The chemical modification was proved via FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the modified products were verified via an atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation for their topography and surface properties. The data revealed that the optimized sample was (Ch-Er)3. This sample was further modified by different weight ratios of graphene oxide 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt./wt. (symbolized as (Ch-Er)3GO1, (Ch-Er)3GO2, (Ch-Er)3GO4, and (Ch-Er)3GO8respectively). The prepared samples were investigated by different analytical tools. Then, the adjusted sample (Ch-Er)3GO2was irradiated by electron beam (e-beam) at 10 and 20 kGy of irradiation doses to give samples (Ch-Er)3GO2R10and (Ch-Er)3GO2R20, respectively. The AFM data of the irradiated samples showed that the pore size decreases, and surface roughness increases at higher energy e-beam due to the formation of more crosslinking points. The optimum samples of the prepared formulations were tested as sorbent materials for simultaneous elimination of methylene blue (MB) dye and mercury cation (Hg2+) from simulated solutions. The maximum removal of both MB dye and Hg2+cation was achieved by (Ch-Er)3GO2R10(186.23 mg g−1and 205 mg g−1) respectively.Graphical abstract
Care Gaps in Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor and Renin Angiotensin System Inhibitor Prescriptions for Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rikin Sharon , Deccy Stephanie , Zhang Chenshu , Crandall Jill , Deng Yuting , Golestaneh Ladan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Renin and angiotensin system inhibitors (RAASi) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended for patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to reduce the progression to end-stage kidney disease; however, they are under-prescribed.

Objective
To evaluate the frequency of care gaps in RAASi and SGLT2i prescription by patient demographic, health system, and clinical factors in patients with DKD.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Participants
Adult primary care patients with DKD at an integrated health system in Bronx, NY, with 23 primary care sites in 2021.

Main Measures
The odds of having a care gap for (1) SGLT2i or (2) RAASi prescription. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed for each outcome measure to evaluate associations with patient demographic, health system, and clinical factors.

Key Results
Of 7199 patients with DKD, 80.3% had a care gap in SGLT2i prescription and 42.0% had a care gap in RAASi prescription. For SGLT2i, patients with A1C at goal (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.96–2.73), Black non-Hispanic race/ethnicity (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.15–1.87), and Hispanic race/ethnicity (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.11–1.92) were more likely to experience a care gap. For RAASi, patients with blood pressure at goal (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21–1.49) were more likely to experience a care gap.

Conclusions
The care gaps for SGLT2i and RAASi for patients with DKD with well-controlled diabetes and blood pressure suggest failure to recognize DKD as an independent indication for these medications. Racial/ethnic disparities for SGLT2i, but not for RAASi, suggest systemic racism exacerbates care gaps for novel medications. These factors can be targets for interventions to improve patient care.