bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural interventions change individual transport choices but have a limited impact on transport mode split. Evidence from a systematic review
Authors: Javaid Aneeque , Khanna Tarun , Franza Mercedes , Creutzig Felix 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Demand-side behavioural change interventions promote a reduction in car use, and shift to low carbon transport modes, thereby addressing economic, health and GHG emissions-related costs associated with car-dependent lifestyles. However, the relative effectiveness of such interventions in initiating transport behaviour change has not been evaluated systematically. Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence on behavioural interventions in changing transport-related behavioural patterns. Relying on 37 literature reviews and 41 additional new studies, we identify more than 450 cases of behavioural interventions. Our analysis reveals that behavioural measures are effective in increasing the percentage growth of public transit and active transport mode use as well as decreasing car use at the personal level. However, their effectiveness in shifting commuters away from cars to more sustainable modes of transport at the aggregate level is limited. Our findings suggest that behavioural interventions have a role to play in reducing the health, economic and environmental costs of car-centric transportation systems. We find that, under the best-case scenario, behavioural interventions can contribute up to a 5% per cent reduction of global GHG emissions from urban transport, or about 150Mt CO2/yr, a notable but limited potential compared to the reductions necessary to meet sectoral goals. Critical analysis of studies in our review indicates that interdisciplinary researchers interested in these issues should take a more strategic and rigorous approach—better study designs, more representative samples, and consideration of infrastructure effects—to determine which interventions are most effective in tackling multi-faceted urban transport issues.
Tumor micronecrosis predicts poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Zhang Wei , Ge Hongbin , Wu Jiangchao , Sun Xuqi , Sun Ke , Cao Wanyue , Zhang Qi , Liang Tingbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumor micronecrosis is a histopathological feature predicting poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver resection. However, the role of tumor micronecrosis in liver transplantation remains unclear.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation between January 2015 and December 2021 at our center. We classified them into micronecrosis(-) and micronecrosis(+) groups and compared their recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). We identified independent prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive value of RFS for patients with HCC after liver transplantation.
Results: A total of 370 cases with evaluable histological sections were included. Patients of the micronecrosis(+) group had a significantly shorter RFS than those of the micronecrosis(-) group (P = 0.037). Shorter RFS and OS were observed in micronecrosis(+) patients without bridging treatments before liver transplantation (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019), while no differences were detected in those with preoperative antitumor therapies that could cause iatrogenic tumor necrosis. Tumor micronecrosis improved the AUC of Milan criteria (0.705–0.738), the model for end-stage liver disease score (0.682–0.738), and serum alpha-fetoprotein (0.566–0.664) for the prediction of prognosis after liver transplantation.
Conclusion: Patients with HCC with tumor micronecrosis suffer from a worse prognosis than those without this feature. Tumor micronecrosis can help predict RFS after liver transplantation. Therefore, patients with HCC with tumor micronecrosis should be treated with adjuvant therapy and closely followed after liver transplantation.
Biomechanical comparison of posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with two straight-shaped cages by finite element analysis
Authors: Hu Yanwen , Wu Junjie , Xu Hao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous biomechanical studies have compared posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), however the cages used in TLIF/PLIF surgery are different. Therefore, comparing the two surgical procedures with the same fusion cages is more reflective of the real differences between the two procedures. This study was to compare the biomechanical effects between PLIF and TLIF with placing two straight-shaped cages using finite element analysis.
Material/Methods:
A previously validated intact L3-L5 lumbar spine finite element model was modified to simulate two straight-shaped cages PLIF and two straight-shaped cages TLIF. A moment of 7.5 N-m with a compressive preload of 400 N was applied on the L3 vertebra to test the range of motion (ROM) and stress.
Results
There were no significant differences in the ROM between PLIF and TLIF with less than 1 degree for all loading cases. We found that stress of cage, and stress of L4 endplate were high in PLIF, and stress of pedicle screw was high in TLIF. Similar bone graft stress was found in PLIF and TLIF.
Conclusions
The biomechanical result indicated that both TLIF and PLIF can acquire similar ROM and bone graft stress. PLIF increases the stress of cage and L4 inferior endplate, and pedicle screw stress was high in the TLIF model. The findings of our study need to be verified through further clinical studies that explore differences between the two methods.
Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Self-directed Learning Instrument in Chinese Nursing Students
Authors: Gao Ziyun , Zhang Lin , Ma Jianing , Sun Hong , Hu Mengya , Wang Meiding , Liu Haiyang , Guo Leilei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In a rapidly changing healthcare environment, Self-directed learning (SDL) ability is recognized as a crucial condition for nursing students and nurse to deal with severe challenges positively. Developing SDL ability is becoming more and more important among nursing students. SDL is related to nursing students enhancing their own knowledge, skills and maintaining lifelong learning. This study is aim at translating the Self-directed Learning Instrument (SDLI) into Chinese and verify its reliability and validity among nursing students.
Methods
The study adopted a cross-sectional design and the multistage sampling design. The SDLI was translated into Chinese, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested among 975 nursing students.
Results
The Cronbach’s α value of the Chinese version of SDLI was 0.90. The split-half reliability coefficient was 0.80, and the retest coefficient was 0.88. The content validity index of the scale was 0.94. Furthermore, the four-factors model was obtained by using exploratory factor analysis, explaining 58.969% variance, and the communalities of the items ranged from 0.502 to 0.649. With modified confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were chi-square/degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) = 3.067, the comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.961, and the tucker lewis index (TLI) was 0.952. And, the model fitting indexes were all in the acceptable range and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model fit the SDLI well.
Conclusion
The Chinese version of SDLI has good validity and reliability among nursing students. It can be used to measure the SDL ability of nursing students in China.
Catalytic activities of a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase for hydrolysis of biologically active cocaine metabolites norcocaine and benzoylecgonine
Authors: Shang Linyue , Jin Zhenyu , Wei Huimei , Park Shawn , Zhan Chang-Guo , Zheng Fang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cocaine is a widely abused, hepatotoxic drug without an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy specific for cocaine addiction or overdose. It is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy to accelerate cocaine metabolism which can convert cocaine to pharmacologically inactive metabolite(s) using an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme. Our previous studies have successfully designed and discovered a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase, denoted as CocH5-Fc(M6), capable of rapidly hydrolyzing cocaine at the benzoyl ester moiety. In the present study, we determined the kinetic parameters of CocH5-Fc(M6) against norcocaine (kcat = 9,210 min-1, KM = 20.9 µM, and kcat/KM = 1.87 × 105 min-1 M-1) and benzoylecgonine (kcat = 158 min-1, KM = 286 µM, and kcat/KM = 5.5 × 105 min-1 M-1) for the first time. Further in vivo studies have demonstrated that CocH5-Fc(M6) can effectively accelerate clearance of not only cocaine, but also norcocaine (known as a cocaine metabolite which is more toxic than cocaine itself) and benzoylecgonine (known as an unfavorable long-lasting metabolite with some long-term toxicity concerns) in rats. Due to the desired high catalytic activity against norcocaine, CocH5-Fc(M6) is capable of quickly detoxifying both cocaine and its more toxic metabolite norcocaine after intraperitoneally administering lethal dose of 60 or 180 mg/kg cocaine. In addition, the ability of CocH5-Fc(M6) to accelerate clearance of benzoylecgonine should also be valuable for the use of CocH5-Fc(M6) in treatment of cocaine use disorder.
Selective Ring Expansion and C−H Functionalization of Azulenes
Authors: Park Sangjune , Kim Cheol-Eui , Jeong Jinhoon , Ryu Ho , Maeng Chanyoung , Kim Dongwook , Baik Mu-Hyun , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A transition metal-catalyzed ring expansion and C–H functionalization of azulene were developed. This work constitutes the first example of the ring expansion of azulene using Cu(hfacac)2 with diazo compound and chemoselectivity for C–H functionalization of azulene controlled by changing to AgOTf. A chemoselectivity can be controlled simply by changing the metal frame. This approach does not demand the addition of phosphine, NHC or related ligands and prefunctionalization of azulenes. In addition, the excellent functional group tolerance allows the synthesis of a wide range of 6,7-bicyclic compounds and C–H functionalized azulenes. A theoretical study was able to explain the experimental observations that copper catalysts afford the ring expansion product while silver catalysts result in the formation of C–H alkylation product.
Virtual student-led neuroscience conferencing: A UK multicentre prospective study investigating delegating outcomes and delivery mode
Authors: Bligh Emily R , Aldabbagh Yousif , Sheppard Jack , Krivankova Barbora , Park Jay J. , Cheung Joe , Erdi-Krausz Gergo , Thomas Joshua , Altaher Hibatallah , Courtney Ellie , Farrow Tom , Collaborative UK Neuroscience Society 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical neuroscience training programmes are becoming increasingly competitive to enter. UK university neuroscience societies act as a local environment for students to develop their career interests and provide portfolio building opportunities through hosting events such as annual conferences. Recently there has been a transition to more of these events being held online yet the impact of this, if any, remains unclear. This prospective study aimed to identify the impact of student-led neuroscience conferences on delegates and examine attitudes towards an online delivery approach.
Methods
Multi-centre prospective survey study using pre-conference, post-conference, and 6-month post-conference online questionnaires distributed at 6 virtual student-led neuroscience conferences in 2021. The questionnaires had five-domains: demographics, career aspirations, academic skillsets, an educational manipulation check (EMC) and mode of delivery preference.
Results
924 surveys were completed across 559 conference attendances. 79.5% of delegates were medical students. Interest in a neuroscience career (p < 0.001), preparedness to undertake research (p < 0.001) and presentation (p < 0.001), and EMC scores (p < 0.001) increased immediately post conference and were retained at 6 months. Most participants at 6 months post-attendance had completed an academic project (71.9%) or presentation (50.9%). Online format was preferred (65%) with reasons including elimination of travel and access to home facilities whilst lack of face-to-face interaction and engagement were recognised limitations.
Conclusion
UK student-led online neuroscience conferences play a role in developing knowledge, academic skillsets and career interest as well as inspiring and facilitating future portfolio building. A hybrid virtual and in-person experience would offer an ideal solution to future conferencing, providing options promoting engagement and interactivity whilst advocating sustainability, accessibility and widening participation.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Serious Injuries among in-school Adolescents in Samoa: A population based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarfo Jacob , Obeng Paul , Amoadu Mustapha , Kordorwu Peace Yaa , Adams Abdul Karim , Gyan Thomas Boateng , Osman Abdul-Ganiyu , Asiedu Immanuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Injuries form one of the leading causes of death and disability among human populations. Notwithstanding the growing evidence of injuries worldwide, little is known about the case of adolescents in Samoa. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with serious injuries among adolescents in Samoa.

Methods

The 2017 Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from Samoa was analysed using the Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression analysis with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

The prevalence of serious injury among in-school adolescents in Samoa is 46.8%. Sex (male) (AOR = 1.60, CI = 1.29–1.98) was a significant predictor of serious injuries among adolescents in Samoa. Other predictors of serious injuries included physical attack (AOR = 2.21, CI = 1.66–2.94), Physical fights (AOR = 2.27, CI = 1.84–2.80) and being bullied (AOR = 1.59, CI = 1.28–1.99).

Conclusion

Samoa’s serious injury rate among in-school adolescents requires multidisciplinary programmes like anti-bullying campaigns, violence-free relationship education and policies.
Neighborhood and Racial Influences on Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Evidence from Northeast Ohio
Authors: Eom Kirsten Y , Berg Kristen A , Joseph Natalie E , Runner Kristen , Tarabichi Yasir , Khiyami Amer , Perzynski Adam T , Sossey-Alaoui Khalid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher recurrence rates and poorer prognoses and most prevalent among non-Hispanic Black women. Studies of multiple health conditions and care processes suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic position is a key driver of health disparities. We examined roles of patients’ neighborhood-level characteristics and race on prevalence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality among patients diagnosed with BC at a large safety-net healthcare system in Northeast Ohio.
Methods
We used tumor registry to identify BC cases from 2007–2020 and electronic health records and American Community Survey for individual- and area-level factors. We performed multivariable regression analyses to estimate associations between neighborhood-level characteristics, measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), race and comparative TNBC prevalence, stage at diagnosis, and total mortality.
Results
TNBC was more common among non-Hispanic Black (53.7%) vs. non-Hispanic white patients (46.4%). Race and ADI were individually significant predictors of TNBC prevalence, stage at diagnosis, and total mortality. Race remained significantly associated with TNBC subtype, adjusting for covariates. Accounting for TNBC status, a more disadvantaged neighborhood was significantly associated with a worse stage at diagnosis and higher death rates.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that both neighborhood socioeconomic position and race are strongly associated with TNBC vs. other BC subtypes. The burden of TNBC appears to be highest among Black women in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our study suggests a complex interplay of social conditions and biological disease characteristics contributing to racial disparities in BC outcomes.
Striatal dopamine synthesis and cognitive flexibility differ between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users
Authors: Taylor Caitlin , Furman Daniella , Berry Anne , III Robert White , Jagust William , D'Esposito Mark , Jacobs Emily 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In rodents and nonhuman primates, sex hormones are powerful modulators of dopamine neurotransmission. Yet little is known about hormonal regulation of the dopamine system in the human brain. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), we address this gap by comparing hormonal contraceptive users and non-users across multiple aspects of dopamine function: dopamine synthesis capacity via the PET radioligand 6-[18F]fluoro-m-tyrosine ([18F]FMT), baseline D2/3 receptor binding potential using [11C]raclopride, and dopamine release using methylphenidate-paired [11C]raclopride. Participants consisted of 36 healthy women (n=21 naturally cycling; n=15 hormonal contraceptive users), and men (n=20) as a comparison group. A behavioral index of cognitive flexibility was assessed prior to PET imaging. Hormonal contraceptive users exhibited greater dopamine synthesis capacity than naturally cycling participants, particularly in dorsal caudate, and greater cognitive flexibility. Further, across individuals the magnitude of striatal DA synthesis capacity was associated with cognitive flexibility. No group differences were observed in D2/3 receptor binding or dopamine release. Analyses by sex alone may obscure underlying differences in DA synthesis tied to women’s hormone status. Hormonal contraception (in the form of pill, shot, implant, ring or IUD) is used by ~400 million women worldwide, yet few studies have examined whether chronic hormonal manipulations impact basic properties of the dopamine system. Findings from this study begin to address this critical gap in women’s health.
Reactions and perspectives of medical students against workplace sexual and verbal violence during clinical training in Ardabil, Iran, 2020
Authors: Sadeghi Saber , Shadman Atefeh , Mardi Afrouz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Workplace violence continues among medical students in training. This study aimed to determine the reactions and perspectives of medical students against workplace sexual and verbal violence during clinical training in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in Iran, 2020.

Materials

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 medical students from April to March 2020, in the Ardabil university hospitals. Data collection scales were a demographic questionnaire and the standard workplace violence questionnaire in the health ward. All medical students who had trained at least one year in the university hospitals, met the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria were dissatisfaction with participation in the study. SPSS 23 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

The results indicated that 63% of medical students experienced verbal and 3% sexual violence. The aggressors in 69.8% of verbal and 100% of sexual violence were the men (p < 0.001). Most of the students (36%) in the face of violence, react no action and 82.7% failed to report. The report was deemed pointless by 67.8% of those who did not report, and the issue was insignificant according to 27%. According to 67.3% of students, the main reason for the violence was a lack of awareness of people about staff duties, and 92.7% stated personnel training was the most important factor in preventing workplace violence.

Conclusions

The results determined that the most of the medical students had no action or report in facing with violence. It seems that a combination of training of students in dealing with violence, increasing patients' awareness about the duties of medical students and more serious follow-up of cases of violence could reduce this problem.
Challenges and adaptions in longitudinal data linkage to track patient health service use and care pathways after Emergency Department presentation: an exemplar
Authors: Trostian Baylie , McCloughen Andrea , Lago Luise , McAlister Brendan , Curtis Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The routine collection, production and storage of patient data is increasing globally, however the healthcare industry is failing to maximise its use to audit healthcare delivery and inform policy. Linking data allows researchers to generate new insights while protecting patient privacy. Processes of data management and linking can poses challenges for researchers and there is a need for transparent description of methods and solutions. This paper outlines methods used to produce high quality, linked data describing patient health service use and care pathways after presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with early pregnancy complications.
Methods
The retrospective cohort study used 10 years of linked data extracted from a regional health district’s databank. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to the core dataset. There were six steps to the method: 1) writing data extraction code, 2) data collection, 3) data processing and refinement. 4) Datasets were prepared for linking, 5) deterministic linkage was used to produce final linked dataset and 6) combined dataset was analysed. Throughout the process of data management and linking a commitment to data sovereignty was upheld.
Results
Numerous challenges were faced when linking health data. Comprehensive solutions that were both systematic and repeatable were developed. For example, the creation of Clinical Phases of Care, a window of 28-days of care starting at arrival date of initial ED presentation. Clinical Phases of Care increased opportunity for higher linking yield, and mitigated issues with missing data and absence of linking terms. Challenges with handling big data, multiple supplies, and data variables not available or incorrectly formatted, were resolved by using statistical software.
Conclusions
Using an exemplar, methods of data management and linking have been shared, a process that could be directly transferred to other ED presentations. Key lessons for data linking strategies have been shared, providing clinical practitioners, researchers, decision makers and managers with a ‘how to guide’ on data management and linkage to audit and inform best practice and health policy.
Spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexing based free space optical communication employing Differential quadrature phase-shift keying
Authors: Yarra Naga Subrahmanya Vamsi Mohan , A Sivanantha Raja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the motive to reduce the high cost incurred in Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based free-space optics (FSO) communication system, Spectrum-sliced (SS) WDM based free-space optical communication system at a data rate of 2.5 Gbps per channel is proposed in this research article. Utilizing the broadening of the spectrum by means of supercontinuum generation in a highly non linear Fiber (HNLF), an economical SS-WDM based FSO system is designed. The narrow spectrum of laser light source is broadened by means of self phase modulation (SPM). The proposed work confirms that the DQPSK based SS-WDM FSO system has higher performance compared to other intensity modulation formats as well as differential phase modulation formats. Considering various values of FSO link distances, antenna diameters of transmitter and receiver, beam divergence and thus, determining the values of performance metric such as Q-factor and BER, differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) based SS-WDM FSO system is simulated.