bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Method for Three-Dimensional Facial Expression Recognition Using Self-Normalizing Neural Networks and Mobile Devices
Authors: Hartmann Tim Johannes , Hartmann Julien Ben Joachim , Friebe-Hoffmann Ulrike , Lato Christiane , Janni Wolfgang , Lato Krisztian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction To date, most ways to perform facial expression recognition rely on two-dimensional images, advanced approaches with three-dimensional data exist. These however demand
stationary apparatuses and thus lack portability and possibilities to scale deployment. As human emotions, intent and even diseases may condense in distinct facial expressions or changes
therein, the need for a portable yet capable solution is signified. Due to the superior informative value of three-dimensional data on facial morphology and because certain syndromes find
expression in specific facial dysmorphisms, a solution should allow portable acquisition of true three-dimensional facial scans in real time. In this study we present a novel solution for
the three-dimensional acquisition of facial geometry data and the recognition of facial expressions from it. The new technology presented here only requires the use of a smartphone or tablet
with an integrated TrueDepth camera and enables real-time acquisition of the geometry and its categorization into distinct facial expressions.
Material and Methods Our approach consisted of two parts: First, training data was acquired by asking a collective of 226 medical students to adopt defined facial expressions while
their current facial morphology was captured by our specially developed app running on iPads, placed in front of the students. In total, the list of the facial expressions to be shown by the
participants consisted of “disappointed”, “stressed”, “happy”, “sad” and “surprised”. Second, the data were used to train a self-normalizing neural network. A set of all factors describing
the current facial expression at a time is referred to as “snapshot”.
Results In total, over half a million snapshots were recorded in the study. Ultimately, the network achieved an overall accuracy of 80.54% after 400 epochs of training. In test, an
overall accuracy of 81.15% was determined. Recall values differed by the category of a snapshot and ranged from 74.79% for “stressed” to 87.61% for “happy”. Precision showed similar results,
whereas “sad” achieved the lowest value at 77.48% and “surprised” the highest at 86.87%.
Conclusions With the present work it can be demonstrated that respectable results can be achieved even when using data sets with some challenges. Through various measures, already
incorporated into an optimized version of our app, it is to be expected that the training results can be significantly improved and made more precise in the future. Currently a follow-up
study with the new version of our app that encompasses the suggested alterations and adaptions, is being conducted. We aim to build a large and open database of facial scans not only for
facial expression recognition but to perform disease recognition and to monitor diseases’ treatment progresses.
Zygote Diameter and Total Cytoplasmic Volume as Useful Predictive Tools of Blastocyst Quality
Authors: Kljajic Marija , Saymé Nabil , Krebs Thomas , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Baus Simona , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Kasoha Mariz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction According to the Embryo Protection Act, the selection of embryos with the greatest potential for successful implantation in Germany must be performed in the pronucleus stage. The main aim of this study was to identify morphokinetic parameters that could serve as noninvasive biomarkers of blastocyst quality in countries with restrictive reproductive medicine laws.Materials and Methods The sample comprised 191 embryos from 40 patients undergoing antagonist cycles for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Blastocysts were cultured in an EmbryoScope chamber and video records were validated to determine the post-injection timing of various developmental stages, cleavage stages, and blastocyst formation. The Gardner and Schoolcraft scoring system was used to characterize blastocyst quality.Results Morphokinetic data showed that the zygote diameter and total cytoplasmic volume were significantly different between good and poor blastocysts quality groups, where zygotes, which formed better blastocyst quality, had smaller diameter and smaller total cytoplasmic volume. Zygotes with more rapid pronuclear disappearance developed in better-quality blastocysts. Differences between good- and poor-quality blastocysts were also observed for late-stage parameters and for the spatial arrangement of blastomere where tetrahedral embryos more frequently forming good-quality blastocyst compare to the non-tetrahedral.Conclusions The study findings could be used to enhance embryo selection, especially in countries with strict Embryo Law Regulations. Further studies, including those in which the implantation potential and pregnancy rate are considered, are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.
Early Clinical, Biochemical and Radiological Features in Obese and
Non-Obese Young Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Comparative
Study
Authors: Kumar Naina , Agarwal Himani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous condition accounting for
serious health complications. The present study was conducted to assess the
early clinical, biochemical, and radiological features in obese, non-obese young
women with PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women. The study was conducted on 120
young women (18–22 years) with 80 having features of PCOS [40 obese
(BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 40 non-obese
(BMI<25 kg/m2) PCOS] as cases and 40 without PCOS as
controls in a rural tertiary care center of Northern India over one year
(2017–2018). After enrolment of cases and control, the anthropometric
measurements, early clinical symptoms, and biochemical and ultrasonographic
features were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was done using
SPSS software version 22.0 (p-value<0.05). A significant difference in
anthropometric measurements were observed between obese and non-obese PCOS
cases. Clinical features like acne, acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism were
more prevalent in obese PCOS as compared to non-obese and controls. On
ultrasound, PCOS cases had a significantly increased number of peripherally
arranged ovarian follicles, and ovarian volume. The LH: FSH ratio was
significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The levels of serum LH
(10.04±1.60 vs. 8.93±2.40 mIU/ml) and total testosterone
(2.71±0.39 vs. 2.21±0.39 pg/ml) were higher in
obese PCOS as compared to non-obese PCOS cases. In conclusion, clinical,
biochemical, and radiological features can be used in the early diagnosis of
PCOS. Obesity is an independent risk factor for PCOS and is associated with an
increased risk of complications.
Impact of Overnight Wear of Orthokeratology Lens on Thickness of Tear Film Lipid Layer in Children with Myopia
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Ming , Lu Huayi , Zhang Yong , Luo Dan , Pan Hongbiao , Wan Chuan , Szentmáry Nóra , Shi Lei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background To elucidate the influence of overnight wear of orthokeratology (OOK) lenses on the thickness of the tear lipid layer (LLT).
Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children who visited The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC between July and September 2021. LLT and blinking dynamics
were assessed. Diopters and corneal topography were also recorded.
Results The number of children enrolled in this program was 402 (804 eyes). One hundred and seventy-one children (342 eyes, 79 males and 92 females) aged 4 – 17 years (10.59 ± 2.54
years) who never wore OOK were included in the control group, while 231 children (462 eyes, 121 males and 110 females) aged 7 – 18 years (11.09 ± 2.24 years) who wore OOK for more than 1
week were included in the observation group. Compared to the control group with an LLT of 58.5 ± 18.19 nm, the OOK group exhibited a significant decrease in the LLT value to
54.42 ± 17.60 nm. In addition, the LLT in females was significantly thicker than that in males in both the control (male 54.78 ± 16.56 nm, female 61.70 ± 18.95 nm) and observation groups
(male 51.88 ± 16.68 nm, female 57.21 ± 18.18 nm). It is worth noting that the influence of wearing OOK on the LLT value was only detected up to 18 months. Eighteen months later, there was
almost no difference in LLT between the control and observation groups. We also noted that there was no change in LLT correlated to the surface regularity index/surface asymmetry index.
Conclusion Wearing OOK can affect tear film LLT within the first 18 months after wear. More attention should be given to children wearing OOK for less than 18 months, especially
males.
Patient Perception of Care, Outcomes, and Consequences from Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Shainker Scott A. , Cornely Ronald M. , Astake Rebecca , Hacker Michele R. 
Published: July 2022

Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an obstetric diagnosis that carries significant risks. However, little is known about patient perceptions of care. This study was conducted to describe the patient experience, reported outcomes, and assess geographical variation in PAS care in the United States.
Study Design Partnering with a PAS patient advocacy organization, we conducted an online survey of PAS patients. Perceptions of care and outcomes, and geographic variation were described.
Results We received 108 responses (69% response rate); 103 respondents delivered in the United States. Demographic characteristics were similar across each region. Most (67%) reported at least one prior cesarean delivery and 53% reported placenta previa in the PAS pregnancy. Over half (63%) reported an antenatal suspicion of PAS and 66% of those respondents reported changing their delivery hospital as a result of their antenatal diagnosis. Though not statistically significant, both showed variability across regions (both p ≥0.60). Seventy-five percent of respondents with antenatal diagnosis reported their pregnancy was managed by a dedicated PAS care team, which did not differ by region (p = 0.80). A majority of respondents (75%) felt their PAS care team was prepared for their delivery; this too did not vary across regions (p = 0.97). Many respondents reported at least one physical (63%) or mental health (17%) adverse outcome as a result of their PAS pregnancy.
Conclusion As reported by prior PAS patients, perception of care and outcomes are overall favorable. There are long-term physical and mental adverse consequences reported. Geographical variation is mixed, however, national guidelines are predominately followed.
Key Points
Trends in Procedures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sammour Ibrahim , Karnati Sreenivas , Othman Hasan , Heis Farah , Peluso Allison , Aly Hany 
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to identify the rates and trends of various procedures performed on newborns.
Study Design The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database for the years 2002 to 2015 was queried for the number of livebirths, and various procedures using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. These were adjusted to the rate of livebirths in each particular year. A hypothetical high-volume hospital based on data from the last 5 years was used to estimate the frequency of each procedure.
Results Over the study period, there was a decline in the rates of exchange transfusions and placement of arterial catheters. There was an increase in the rates of thoracentesis, abdominal paracentesis, placement of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) lines, and central lines with ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. No change was observed in the rates of unguided central lines, pericardiocentesis, bladder aspiration, intubations, and LP. Intubations were the most performed procedures. Placement of UVC, central venous lines (including PICCs), arterial catheters, and LP were relatively common, whereas others were rare such as pericardiocentesis and paracentesis.
Conclusion Some potentially lifesaving procedures are extremely rare or decreasing in incidence. There has also been an increase in utilization of fluoroscopic/ultrasound guidance for the placement of central venous catheters.
Key Points
Utility of Postnatal Chest X-Ray in Newborns for the Evaluation of Prenatally Suspected Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jackson Laura E. , Yanowitz Toby D. , Waltz Paul , Vats Kalyani 
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to assess the necessity of chest X-ray (CXR) during the newborn hospitalization for all patients with prenatally suspected congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
Study Design This is a retrospective chart review of all infants delivered with prenatally suspected CPAM at our high-risk delivery hospital from January 2013 through April 2020 (n = 44). Nonparametric tests assessed the association between postnatal CXR findings, prescribed follow-up timeline, and neonatal outcomes.
Results Mean follow-up period recommended was 6.4 weeks regardless of CXR findings in the neonatal period (p = 0.81). Additionally, patients who required respiratory support at or after birth were not more likely to have a lesion identified on chest X-ray (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–2.64, p = 0.71).
Conclusion Neonatal hospital course and future follow-up plan of patients with prenatally suspected CPAM were not altered by information from the CXR obtained in the immediate neonatal period, suggesting that this CXR may not be necessary in the asymptomatic patient.
Key Points
Cu-Catalyzed Selective Oxygenation of Aryl C–H Bonds with O2 and MnO2 as Terminal Oxidants
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Siddique , Meguellati Kamel , Wang Qifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we present efficient methods for the selective copper-catalyzed oxidation of aromatic C–H bonds in the presence of O2 and/or MnO2. Various 2-arylpyridines and 2-arylpyrimidines are used for the controlled synthesis of mono- and diacetoxylative products in moderate to good yields (29–99%) in the presence of CuO(nano) (20 mol%), O2 and HOAc/Ac2O as an acetoxy source and solvent. The mono selective hydroxylation of C–H bonds is also achieved with Cu(OAc)2 as the catalyst. Mechanistically, a trivalent copper intermediate might be involved in the catalytic cycle.
Nitric Acid Promoted Metal-Free Bromothiolation of Internal Alkynes with Hydrobromic Acid and Disulfides
Authors: Huang Xiao-Cheng , Sun Han , Yao Zhi-Xiang , Su Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel, metal-free bromo-thiolation of internal alkynes with hydrobromic acid and disulfides has been developed. The reaction is promoted by commercial-grade nitric acid and is used to construct a series of unexplored β-bromoalkenyl sulfides in moderate to good yield. Most products were obtained with high stereoselectivity as syn-configured tetrasubstituted alkenes. Both sulfide groups of the disulfide reagent were used in this method.
The striplastron: A new circular stripline microwave launcher for plasma generation in capillary tubes
Authors: Leroy O. 
Published: July 2022

Until now, microwave plasmas could be ignited in small capillary tubes (inner diameter less than 1 mm) by generating surface waves propagating along their dielectric surfaces using mainly surfatron launchers or stripline-based launchers, such as “split-ring resonators.” This work presents a novel launcher, which is called the “striplastron,” because it is halfway between surfatrons and stripline launchers. It is a circular stripline directly excitated by a microcoaxial cable. Compared with the surfatron, it is smaller and the part of the plasma hidden by the launcher is limited to its thickness (∼1–2 cm). Moreover, its frequency response presents an intense and large resonance. Eventually, its geometry could allow the simultaneous ignition of several microplasmas in capillaries arranged in parallel, which could be very interesting for applications, such as the use of multi-tube microplasmas as metamaterials.
Conceptual design and performance predictions for 2D beam emission spectroscopy turbulence measurements at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Smith D. R. , McKee G. , Den Hartog D. , Geiger B. , Grulke O. , Han X. , Jaehnig K. , Seyfert C. , Windisch T. 
Published: July 2022

A conceptual design for a 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic system to measure ion gyro-scale plasma turbulence at Wendeslstein 7-X is described. The conceptual design identifies field-aligned viewing geometries and ports for cross-field turbulence measurements in the neutral beam volume. A 2D sightline grid covers the outer plasma region, and the grid configuration provides sufficient k-space coverage in radial and poloidal directions for ion temperature gradient and trapped-electron mode turbulence measurements. Emission intensity estimates, optical transmission losses, and detector noise levels indicate that the measurements will be sensitive to plasma density fluctuations as small as δn/n ≈ 0.5% with a bandwidth of 1 MHz. Implementation challenges include a small beam emission Doppler shift due to nearly radial heating beams and reduced optical throughput due to collection aperture limitations.
Quantum dynamical study of inter-chain exciton transport in a regioregular P3HT model system at finite temperature: HJ vs H-aggregate models
Authors: Mondelo-Martell Manel , Brey Dominik , Burghardt Irene 
Published: July 2022

We report on quantum dynamical simulations of inter-chain exciton transport in a model of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), rr-P3HT, at finite temperature using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree method for a system of up to 63 electronic states and 180 vibrational modes. A Frenkel Hamiltonian of HJ aggregate type is used along with a reduced H-aggregate representation; electron–phonon coupling includes local high-frequency modes as well as anharmonic intermolecular modes. The latter are operative in mediating inter-chain transport by a mechanism of transient localization type. Strikingly, this mechanism is found to be of quantum coherent character and involves non-adiabatic effects. Using periodic boundary conditions, a normal diffusion regime is identified from the exciton mean-squared displacement, apart from early-time transients. Diffusion coefficients are found to be of the order of 3 × 10−3 cm2/s, showing a non-linear increase with temperature.
The irreducible mass and the horizon area of LIGO’s black holes
Authors: Gerosa Davide , Fabbri Cecilia Maria , Sperhake Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The mass of a Kerr black hole (BH) can be separated into irreducible and rotational components—the former is a lower limit to the energy that cannot be possibly extracted from the event horizon and is related to its area. Here we compute the irreducible masses of the stellar-mass BHs observed by gravitational-wave interferometers LIGO and Virgo. Using single-event data, we present a re-parameterization of the posterior distribution that explicitly highlights the irreducible and rotational contributions to the total energy. We exploit the area law to rank the black-hole mergers observed to date according to their irreversibility, thus providing a guide to selecting events for targeted tests of general relativity. Using population fits, we compute the rate by which the total area of black-hole horizons increases due to the observable mergers.
Many-particle covalency, ionicity, and atomicity revisited for a few simple example molecules
Authors: Hendzel Maciej , Fidrysiak Maciej , Spałek Józef 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We analyze two-particle binding factors of H2, LiH, and HeH+ molecules/ions with the help of our original exact diagonalization ab initio approach. The interelectronic correlations are taken into account rigorously within the second quantization scheme for restricted basis of renormalized single-particle wave functions, i.e., with their size readjusted in the correlated state. This allows us to determine the many-particle covalency and ionicity factors in a natural and intuitive manner in terms of the microscopic single-particle and interaction parameters, also determined within our method. We discuss the limitations of those basic characteristics and introduce the concept of atomicity, corresponding to the Mott and Hubbard criterion concerning localization threshold in many-particle systems. This addition introduces an atomic ingredient into the electron states and thus removes a spurious behavior of covalency with the increasing interatomic distance, as well as provides a more complete physical interpretation of bonding.
Centimeter-level positioning by instantaneous lidar-aided GNSS ambiguity resolution
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Khodabandeh Amir , Khoshelham Kourosh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
High-precision vehicle positioning is key to the implementation of modern driving systems in urban environments. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase measurements can provide millimeter- to centimeter-level positioning, provided that the integer ambiguities are correctly resolved. Abundant code measurements are often used to facilitate integer ambiguity resolution (IAR); however, they suffer from signal blockage and multipath effects in urban canyons. In this contribution, a light detection and ranging (lidar)-aided instantaneous ambiguity resolution method is proposed. Lidar measurements, in the form of 3D keypoints, are generated by a learning-based point cloud registration method using a pre-built high-definition map and integrated with GNSS observations in a mixed measurement model to produce precise float solutions, which in turn increase the ambiguity success rate. Closed-form expressions of the ambiguity variance matrix and the associated Ambiguity Dilution of Precision (ADOP) are developed to provide a priori evaluation of such lidar-aided ambiguity resolution performance. Both analytical and experimental results show that the proposed method enables successful instantaneous IAR with limited GNSS satellites and frequencies, leading to centimeter-level vehicle positioning.
On the non-chiral intermediate long wave equation: II. Periodic case
Authors: Berntson Bjorn K , Langmann Edwin , Lenells Jonatan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study integrability properties of the non-chiral intermediate long wave (ncILW) equation with periodic boundary conditions. The ncILW equation was recently introduced by the authors as a parity-invariant relative of the intermediate long wave equation. For this new equation we: (a) derive a Lax pair, (b) derive a Hirota bilinear form, (c) use the Hirota method to construct a family of exact periodic wave solutions, (d) derive a Bäcklund transformation, (e) use the Bäcklund transformation to obtain an infinite number of conservation laws.