bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From shame to guilt: negotiating moral and legal responsibility within apologies for historical institutional abuse
Authors: MCALINDEN ANNE‐MARIE 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores the role of apology in addressing moral and legal responsibility for historical institutional abuse (HIA). Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, it analyses juridical techniques within official apologies, principally by the Catholic Church, to circumvent legal responsibility for HIA: the use of language, the avoidance of tangible redress, and the preference for offering private apologies. Moving beyond the literature, it highlights a more nuanced range of legal and ideological barriers to sincere apologies: the role of canon law, the role of lawyers, and concerns with multiple audiences. The article argues that traversing the complex moral and legal dimensions of apology entails moving from the general expression of remorse and shaming of the self to the specific acceptance of harm to others and responsibility for repair. It concludes by reflecting on the core elements of ‘remedial responsibility’, new classifications of apologies, and their broader therapeutic value.
Dynamic assessment of oropharynx with ultrasonography as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Govindagoudar Manjunath B. , Lalwani Lokesh Kumar , Singh Pawan Kumar , Sen Jyotsna , Chaudhry Dhruva 
Published: August 2022

SummaryUltrasonography is an easily available and portable tool to assess the dynamic changes in the upper airway and surrounding soft tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of oropharynx ultrasonography as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study sequentially enrolled overweight individuals (body mass index >25 kg/m2) and subjected them to OSA screening tools (Berlin questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and STOP‐Bang scores), ultrasonography of the oropharynx followed by overnight polysomnography. A total of 30 healthy individuals were also recruited as controls. Detailed dynamic and static ultrasonography measurements of the oropharynx and surrounding tissue were done. The diagnostic ability of various ultrasonography parameters to detect OSA was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A total of 63 subjects were enrolled, with 33 in the OSA group and 30 in non‐OSA overweight group. All baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. Except for the dynamic measurements of oropharynx (Retropalatal% change‐inspiration, retropalatal% change‐Muller manoeuvre, retroglossal% change‐inspiration, and retroglossal% change‐Muller manoeuvre) all other parameters were similar in the OSA and non‐OSA overweight subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was highest for retropalatal% change‐inspiration: 0.989, followed by retropalatal% change‐Muller manoeuvre: 0.988. Both were also significant predictors of OSA with odds ratios of 0.338 (p = 0.003; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.164–0.696) and 0.346 (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.143–0.837), respectively. Ultrasonography provides a near complete picture of the dynamic changes and collapsibility of the oropharynx and can be an effective tool in screening for OSA.
Determining the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on peripheral vestibular system and hearing
Authors: Solmaz Fevzi , Ekim Buse , Şimşek Abdullah , Durgut Osman 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThere have been studies in the literature regarding the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on hearing function, but studies on the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the peripheral vestibular system are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine whether obstructive sleep apnea syndrome causes functional neurological changes, particularly in the peripheral vestibular system, using the video head impulse test. Overall, 57 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were included; the ‘Snorers’ group comprised 20 volunteers diagnosed with simple snoring in the polysomnography test. The severity of apnea was assessed by monitoring cardiac and respiratory functions during sleep in both groups. The video head impulse test and audiological evaluations were performed in both groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the cochlea and semicircular canals of our patients in the video head impulse test and audiological battery tests. It may be assumed that decreased blood oxygen concentrations and chronic hypoxaemia have negative effects on the vestibule, cochlear sensory epithelium, and the auditory pathways. We think that inner ear structures and pathways may be affected due to hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Therefore, screening patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with an audiometry battery may help to detect inner ear pathologies early.
Domestic cat hepadnavirus associated with hepatopathy in cats: A retrospective study
Authors: Piewbang Chutchai , Dankaona Wichan , Poonsin Panida , Yostawonkul Jakarwan , Lacharoje Sitthichok , Sirivisoot Sirintra , Kasantikul Tanit , Tummaruk Padet , Techangamsuwan Somporn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection is associated with clinical disease remains to be determined.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between DCH detection, hematology, serum bichemistry and liver histology in DCH‐positive cats.AnimalsOne thousand twenty‐two cats in Thailand without concurrent diseases and not undergoing treatments adversely affecting the liver.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. Samples derived from cats with concurrent virus detection were excluded. DCH detection was determined in blood and fresh‐frozen liver by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and further investigated in liver sections showing histological parenchymal disorders (HPD) and normal liver (HNL) using in situ hybridization (ISH). Proliferative/apoptotic activities were determined using immunohistochemistry and ISH panels. Biochemical variables and risk factors for DCH infection were investigated.ResultsSix hundred sixty‐one (557 blood and 119 liver samples) cats were included. DCH was detected in 18.50% (103/557), 13.85% (9/65), and 3.70% (2/54) of the blood, HPD, and HNL groups, respectively. Cats with DCH revealed abnormally high activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < .001). Among DCH‐positive HPD case 2/9 an 7/9 were acute and chronic hepatitis, of which 4/7 had hepatitis. Log viral copy number (LVCN) was positively correlated with ALT (P < .001), triglyceride (P < .001), and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (P = .022). The LVCN also had a positive association with degree of hepatitis (P < .05). There was hepatocyte proliferation activity in DHC positive cats.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDomestic cat hepadnavirus infection was associated with high serum activity of liver enzymes and chronic lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis (LPH).
Skilled maintenance trades under lean manufacturing: Evidence from the car industry
Authors: Roberts Ron , Cullinane Niall 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores how skilled maintenance trades have fared under lean automotive manufacturing, a cohort of workers relatively neglected in the literature. Historically, such trades possessed a distinct ‘craft consciousness’ derived from apprenticed‐acquired skill, autonomy in job execution, strict job boundaries and relative occupational status and prestige. The article assesses how lean has impacted this craft tradition over time, drawing on a case study of one UK car plant to assess its trajectory across three decades. Four different skilled cohorts—electrical, mechanical, control engineers and die maintenance fitters—are examined to gauge respective trends in skill, autonomy, demarcation and status. While the study finds variation in experiences across different trades, the general trend points to a deterioration in work conditions on all four benchmarks of assessment. The article concludes by inferring implications for the future trajectory of skilled trades considering recent accounts provided in Industry 4.0 narratives.
Quantitative intersectionality: Imperatives and opportunities for advancing social equity
Authors: Whitebread Geoffrey , Dolamore Stephanie , Stern Brendan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial equity is a pillar of public administration (PA), yet its actualization remains elusive. The path forward to closing persistent social equity gaps requires the utilization of quantitative intersectionality in PA. This article explores the literature related to quantitative intersectionality and the imperative for use in the scholarship and practices of PA. To exemplify this concept in practice, we present a case study examining Vocational Rehabilitation performance data reports. Findings illustrate how quantitative intersectionality provides an opportunity to unpack overlapping identities for people with disabilities whose individual characteristics include historically oppressed race/ethnicity and gender identities. Findings assert the imperative for using quantitative intersectionality to achieve social equity for all.
Effect of the temperature of activation medium on fish sperm quality: Impact on fertilization in vitro in aquaculture practice
Authors: Merino Osvaldo , Risopatrón Jennie , Valdebenito Iván , Figueroa Elías , Farías Jorge G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotility is a key in spermatozoon function, determining semen quality and fertilizing capacity. Motility in fish spermatozoa occurs when they are diluted in a swimming solution, the adequacy of which is determined by factors which vary by species. Spermatozoon motility rate and velocity, as well as the duration of the motility period, are influenced by the temperature of the swimming medium. Increasing the temperature of the swimming medium has a significant negative effect on spermatozoa motility kinematics. It increases the metabolism rate of cells, causing a mismatch of energy resources and promoting changes in sperm movement. It also generates an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress, and moreover results in an inadequate capacity of antioxidant enzymes to protect the cell against the effects of oxidative stress induced by higher temperatures. The aim of this review is to update present knowledge about: mitochondria main source of ATP; the protein phosphorylation related to motility; epigenetic regulation of the temperature of the activation and the role of ion channels in regulation motility. These mechanisms involved in sperm motility are of vital importance in regulating fertilization, all of which can be influenced by the environment. We emphasize the importance of investigating spermatozoon mechanisms in depth, especially in the context of climate change which results in changing water temperatures. Our findings provide a better understanding of fish sperm physiology, and a biological foundation for the further development of spermatozoon motility investigation, and reproduction technologies.
Kaolinite deposition from moving suspensions: The roles of flocculation, salinity, suspended sediment concentration and flow velocity/bed shear
Authors: Schieber Juergen , Li Zhiyang , Yawar Zalmai , Cao Xiaomeng , Ashley Thomas , Wilson Ryan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how mud moves and deposits is essential for conceptualizing the dynamic nature of surface environments and their ancient counterparts. Experimental study has largely been pursued by civil engineers, using kaolinite as an active ingredient. Yet, applying their data to the physical comprehension of mudstone sedimentology is hampered by multiple flume configurations between labs, and data sets tailored to specific engineering needs. The need for a better grasp of underlying processes is acute, given recent flume studies that show that moving suspensions form large bedload floccules, migrating floccule ripples and bed accretion under currents capable of moving sand grains. To advance mudstone sedimentology, integrated study of suspended sediment concentration, salinity and bed shear stress on the deposition of floccules is crucial. Described here is a set of tightly controlled experiments that explored suspended sediment concentrations from 70 to 900 mg/l, freshwater, brackish and marine salinities, flow velocities in the 5 to 50 cm/s range (equivalent to 0.01 to 0.58 Pa bed shear), measured the size of in‐flow and bedload floccules, and the critical velocity of sedimentation that marks the onset of sustained bedload accumulation. The critical velocity of sedimentation of kaolinite clays is in the 26 to 28 cm/s flow velocity range (0.22 to 0.25 Pa), appears insensitive to a wide range of suspended sediment concentrations and salinities, and coincides with the formation of sand‐size bedload floccules. Further decrease of flow velocity/bed shear stress is accompanied by a steady increase in the size of bedload floccules. Large bedload floccules appear to form in the high‐shear basal part of the flow, a phenomenon requiring further investigation. Better understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate mud deposition from moving suspensions is critical for more realistic assessments of the depositional conditions of mud and mudstones, as well as for refining predictive models for the flux of fine‐grained sediments across the Earth's surface.
An analysis of the underrepresentation of minoritized groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education
Authors: Neally Kate 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current school system lacks adequate racial representation among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers, particularly among Black and Latinx populations. This is a critical equity issue due to the increasing racial diversity of the student population and the benefits of race congruence between teachers and students. Using a Critical Race Theory framework, this phenomenological mixed‐methods study explores the underrepresentation of minoritized groups in STEM education. Original surveys and interviews were used to explore the experiences of Black and Latinx STEM majors. The purpose of this study is to better understand the Students of Color's (SOC) positive and negative educational experiences in STEM and how those experiences impact a SOC's interest in becoming a STEM teacher. Findings reveal that SOC are not interested in pursuing careers in STEM teaching because of the low pay of the teaching profession and the impact of stereotype threat. This research confirms that the inequities in the STEM education pipeline are taking place at the K‐12 and post‐secondary education level. Change is required in K‐12 education, post‐secondary, and at the policy level in order to create a more equitable education system for all students.
The number of mitochondrial DNA mutations as a genetic feature for hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) in Pomeranian dogs
Authors: Kang Yeong‐Hun , Hyun Jae‐Eun , Hwang Cheol‐Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHair cycle arrest (HCA) is a noninflammatory alopecic disease affecting various dog breeds, particularly Pomeranian dogs. This disease is probably a hereditary disorder considering the strong breed predisposition. Despite efforts to identify the pathogenesis of this disease, an underlying specific cause is unknown.ObjectiveTo identify candidate gene mutations for HCA in Pomeranian dogs.AnimalsFour Pomeranian dogs diagnosed with HCA and four unaffected Pomeranian dogs.Materials and methodsWhole blood was used for DNA extraction. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) was performed, and variants were analysed using a Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) and SnpEff. All reads were aligned to the reference genome, Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha. Sanger sequencing was performed to define the complex mutations.ResultsA total of 113 variants of mitochondrial DNA were found to be effective gene mutations in the eight dogs. The affected dogs showed significantly increased effective mutations (average 57 variants) compared with unaffected dogs (average eight variants; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of chromosomal DNA mutations between the two groups.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceWe suggest that an increased number of mitochondrial gene mutations are features for HCA in Pomeranian dogs.
Prevalence of Demodex gatoi in shelter and feral cats in a southeastern region of the United States
Authors: Baiz Susan , Frank Linda A. , Drake Elizabeth R. , Kania Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDemodex gatoi is a contagious ectoparasite that causes pruritic dermatitis in otherwise healthy cats. The diagnosis of this mite can be difficult, and its prevalence is unknown.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to identify the prevalence of D. gatoi in a population of cats with no known previous exposure to treatments using real‐time PCR and superficial skin scrapings.AnimalsFifty cats from shelters and 50 cats from feral populations of eastern Tennessee were included in this study.Materials and methodsTo identify the presence of D. gatoi, superficial skin scrapings and plucked hairs were collected from multiple sites for microscopic and PCR evaluation, respectively.ResultsTen of 100 cats were positive for D. gatoi. Nine cats had a positive PCR for D. gatoi with negative skin scrapings. One mite was identified on superficial skin scrapings from one cat, which was negative on PCR. Four of 50 feral cats (8%) were positive for D. gatoi. Of the shelter cats, four of 20 stray cats (20%) and two of 30 owner‐surrendered cats (6.67%) were positive. Only one of 10 positive cats had skin lesions.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese findings demonstrate that asymptomatic cats represent a source of infection for D. gatoi to healthy cats. This mite should be considered a differential diagnosis in pruritic cats with a history of potential exposure. Additionally, skin scrapings appear to be insensitive; thus, multiple diagnostic tests, including PCR, should be performed to identify the presence of D. gatoi.
Shear and Fatigue Properties of Lead-Free Solder Joints: Modeling and Microstructure Analysis
Authors: Wei Xin , Belhadi Mohamed El Amine , Hamasha Sa'd , Alahmer Ali , Zhao Rong , Prorok Bart , Sakib A. R. Nazmus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The reliability of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC)-based solder alloys has been extensively investigated after the prohibition of lead in the electronics industry owing to their toxicity. Low-temperature solder (LTS) alloys have recently received considerable attention because of their low cost and reduced defects in complex assemblies. The shear and fatigue properties of individual solder joints were tested using an Instron micromechanical testing system in this research. Two novel solder alloys (Sn-58Bi-0.5Sb-0.15Ni and Sn-42Bi) with low melting temperatures were examined and compared with Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-3.0Ag-0.8Cu-3.0Bi. The surface finish was electroless nickel-immersion gold (ENIG) during the test. Shear testing was conducted at three strain rates, and the shear strength of each solder alloy was measured. A constant strain rate was used for the cyclic fatigue experiments. The fatigue life of each alloy was determined for various stress amplitudes. The failure mechanism in shear and fatigue tests was characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The results revealed that Sn-3.0Ag-0.8Cu-3.0Bi had superior shear and fatigue properties compared to other alloys but was more susceptible to brittle failure. The shear strain rate affected the failure modes of Sn-3.0Ag-0.8Cu-3.0Bi, Sn-58Bi-0.5Sb-0.15Ni, and Sn-42Bi; however, Sn-3.5Ag was found to be insensitive. Several failure modes were detected for Sn-3.5Ag in both shear strength and fatigue tests.
A Comparative Study of Self-Piercing Riveting and Friction Self-Piercing Riveting of Cast Aluminum Alloy Al–Si7Mg
Authors: Yang Bingxin , Ma Yunwu , Shan He , Li Yongbing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cast aluminum alloys are promising materials that can simplify the manufacturing process of automobile body structures. However, the low ductility of cast aluminum poses significant challenges to existing riveting technologies. In the present work, dissimilar AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy and Al–Si7Mg cast aluminum were joined by self-piercing riveting (SPR) and friction self-piercing riveting (F-SPR) processes to reveal the effect of friction heat on rivetability of low-ductility cast aluminum alloys. The joint macro-morphology, microstructure, peak tooling force, microhardness distribution, tensile-shear, and cross-tension performance of the two processes were comparatively studied. Results indicated that the in-situ softening effect of friction heat in the F-SPR process could effectively improve the ductility of cast aluminum, avoid cracking, and reduce the tooling force by 53%, compared to the SPR process. The severe plastic deformation and friction heat induced by rivet rotation results in refined equiaxed grains of aluminum near the rivets and solid-state bonding between aluminum sheets in the rivet cavity. The F-SPR joints are superior to SPR joints in both tensile-shear and cross-tension performance due to the avoidance of cracking, increase of mechanical interlocking, and solid-state bonding of interfaces. Significantly, when Al–Si7Mg is placed on the lower layer, the peak tensile-shear and cross-tension loads of the F-SPR joints are 7.2% and 45.5% higher than the corresponding SPR joints, respectively.
Design of Approximate Explicit Model Predictive Controller Using Parametric Optimization
Authors: Tsai Ying-Kuan , Malak Richard J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new technique, called state-parameterized nonlinear programming control (sp-NLPC), for designing a feedback controller that can stabilize intrinsically unstable nonlinear dynamical systems using parametric optimization. Stability-preserving constraints are included in the optimization problem solved offline by the predictive parameterized Pareto genetic algorithm (P3GA), a constrained nonlinear parametric optimization algorithm. The optimal control policy is approximated from P3GA output using radial basis function (RBF) metamodeling. The sp-NLPC technique requires fewer assumptions and is more data-efficient than alternative methods. Two nonlinear systems (single and double inverted pendulums on a cart) are used as benchmarking problems. Performance and computational efficiency are compared to several competing control design techniques. Results show that sp-NLPC outperforms and is more efficient than competing methods. A qualitative investigation on phase plane analysis for the controlled systems is presented to ensure stability. The approximating state-dependent solution for the control input lends itself to applications of control design for control co-design (CCD). Such extensions are discussed as part of future work.
Kinematic Analysis and Dimension Optimization of a New Reconfigurable Parallel Mechanism With 1R2T and 2R1T Operation Modes
Authors: Ye Wei , Hu Lihuan , Li Qinchuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel reconfigurable parallel mechanism (RPM) consisting of two PRU limbs (P denotes a prismatic joint, R denotes a revolute joint, U denotes a universal joint) and one PUU limb. The proposed RPM can evolve into two distinct configurations from the switch configuration, in which one configuration has one rotational degree-of-freedom (DOF) and two translational DOFs, and the other configuration has two rotational DOFs and one translational DOF. First, the DOFs of the RPM in each configuration are analyzed using screw theory. Then, position modeling for the RPM is carried out. Inverse position solutions and forward position solutions are derived. Further, performance evaluation and optimization are conducted using the motion/force transmission method. Finally, a prototype is developed, and preliminary experiments are carried out. The proposed RPM has the potential to be used in applications with multi-task requirements.