bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of caries prevalence among group of Egyptian adolescence using DMFS and ICDASII methods: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaazou Mohamed , Zaki Dalia , Abdelnabi Ali , Hamdy Tamer , Saleh Reham , Hassan Shahinaz , Zaki Zeinab , Moharam Lamiaa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
to compare and describe outcomes regarding the prevalence of dental caries among group of Egyptian students using two caries assessment indices; DMFS and ICDAS II.
Methods
This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 2760 school students with age range from 15–18 years. Participants were selected randomly from public secondary schools in the Great Cairo, Egypt. The examinations were achieved by 6 trained and previously calibrated examiners using a diagnostic mirror, compressed air and a WHO probe. Two different methods of caries detection were used; DMFS index and ICDAS II system. In DMFS index; the number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) surfaces was recorded. In the ICDAS II, the assessment of both cavitated and non-cavaitated carious, missed and teeth with restorations /sealants was recorded. Examiners performed the oral examination for both scoring systems in an alternating manner. Data were collected and subsequently analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of dental caries among secondary school students in the Great Cairo was (69.56%) and (78.29%) for DMFS and ICDAS II, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the DMFS and ICDAS II methods regarding the recorded number of caries affected teeth and cavitated teeth surfaces.
Conclusions
The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian adolescent is high. ICDAS scoring system revealed higher caries prevalence values than DMFS method. ICDAS method is the best choice for the preventive goals, while DMFS is sufficient for clinical goals.
Emotional Awareness in Children Exposed to Interparental Violence and Its Relation to Symptoms and Protective Variables
Authors: Ortiz-Jiménez Eva Mª , Gómez-Benito Juana , Llac Selene Liz , Ochoa Susana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
This study was to analyze the relationship of the emotional awareness (EA) in children exposed to intimate partner violence (EIPV) aged 8–12 with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and protective factors such as social skills, self-esteem, and resilience.
Method
Participants were 61 children (M = 10 years, SD = 1.25, 52.5% girls), EIPV patients from three CSMIJs of the Barcelona metropolitan area was interviewed. Spearman correlations were made to assess the relation between the EA and the clinical and protective factors. Multiple linear regression models were constructed using the stepwise method to determine the signifcant clinical and protective factors that were most relevant in bivariant analysis to explain each of the EA subscales.
Results
the following results were produced: greater EA meant more symptoms, mainly trait anxiety (TA), depression, dysphoria, and low self-esteem from the CDI, as well as predominant sadness, fear, and anger from the MOOD questionnaire. There was also a lesser effect on other symptoms such as isolation, somatic complaints, altered thinking, attention problems, criminal behavior, total externalizing, and total internalizing, from the CBCL. Relating EA with protective factors, the results demonstrate that greater EA carries with it a greater self-esteem from the Rosemberg; resilience capacity: self-esteem, creativity and humor factors from the personal resilience factors (PRF), internal protective factor (IPF), external protective factor (EPF); and improved social skills: appropriate social skills, friendship from the MESSY.
Conclusion
we may conclude that EA is a relevant factor in this sample of EIPV children, and it may be related with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as with protective factors such as resilience, self-esteem, and social skills.
WITHDRAWN: Heavy Metals Treatment in Groundwater at Landfill Sites by Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRBs) Filled With Waste Materials
Authors: Jagoda S.W. , Hasini K.A.A. , Dayanthi Neetha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Groundwater at landfill sites has usually been contaminated with different types of contaminants including heavy metals. This is a great threat to the surrounding environment. Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is a potential in-situ treatment system for groundwater contaminated with landfill-leachate. This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of a ‘composite reactive media’ (COM) mainly composed of waste materials, for Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs), to treat heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Zn and Cd) in groundwater at landfill sites. COM was composed of 40% BMW, 40% BC, 10% GAC and 10% Zeolite on the volume basis. The average removal efficiencies of Fe, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Zn and Cd in an upward column were 70.9 ± 2.7%, 80.9 ± 3.2%,72.2 ± 1.6%,76.3 ± 2.5%, 81.6 ± 6.3%, 88.0 ± 2.0% and 67.3 ± 4.6%, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of Fe, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Zn and Cd in a bench-scale PRB reactor (0.85m x 0.25 m x 0.3 m) filled with COM, were 71.4 ± 1.3%, 75.4 ± 4.9%, 67.4 ± 4.3%, 72.9 ± 1.3%, 83.6 ± 7.6%, 89.8 ± 7.4%, 80.9 ± 7.1%, respectively. Hence, COM is applicable in PRBs as reactive media to treat heavy metals in groundwater contaminated with landfill-leachate. In addition, COM has the potential to be applied as a filtration media in treatment unit processes. It may be able to treat any type of wastewater having the same characteristcs as groundwater at landfill sites. Further, there is a serious issue associated with disposing BMW. Hence, its apllication as a reactive/filtration material would lessen its disposal burden as well.
Announcement of the First Draft Genome of Crustose Coralline Algae
Authors: Kashyap Kumar , Venu Sasidharan , Godwin Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Crustose coralline algae are some of the most ecologically significant species of red algae occurring in the tropical reef ecosystems. They contribute efficiently to the primary productivity of the reef and helps in carbon sequestration. They act as one of the most suitable substrates for coral larval settlement and metamorphosis. Because of their encrusting nature, they also cement the reefs together, preventing their subsequent degradation. Though numerous studies on taxonomy and barcodes are available for this red algal group, genomic studies are mostly restricted to a few transcriptomes. The group also lacks a reference genome. Porolithon onkodes (Heydrisch) Foslie 1909, is one of the most abundant and ecologically important species found on the tropical reefs. The authors herewith announce the first draft genome of crustose coralline algae. A draft genome of 215 Mb size of P. onkodes was assembled from 22 Gb of paired-end raw data. BUSCO’s (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) genome completeness analysis indicated 71% complete BUSCOs against the Eukaryota_odb10 dataset. The assembled genome projected 8150 protein-coding genes. Further comparative and functional genomic studies of the coralline algae group will be possible due to the P. onkodes draft genome.
Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Kaur Sanehdeep , Kaur Amarjeet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney).
Results
Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84 µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney).
Conclusions
Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat).
Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Galadima Abubakar Nasiru , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Md. Salmiah , Ahmad Norliza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaccine preventable diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality, with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia. An estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1–59 months resulted from vaccine preventable diseases. Despite the benefits of childhood immunisation uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expand Program on Immunisation vaccines has remained poor in some African countries, such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. This was achieved by using various keywords, searching multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection) dated back from inception to 2020. Results: Out of 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 324 abstracts were screened leading to 51 included studies. The factors that were found to influence childhood immunisation uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further classified into different groups based on relevance. The modifiable factors include obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation. Whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographic factors of parent and child, logistic factors and administration factors. Conclusion: Different factors were found to influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents in Africa. Immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review would hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in African countries with poor coverage rates.
Regional Trends and Associated Factors of Childhood Visual Impairment: A Case Study in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Han Lizhen , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Visual impairment is a common child health problem. We hopes to analyze the regional trend, related factors and spatial distribution of children's visual impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood visual impairment.Methods: This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys (Physical examination data in Shandong province) from 2013 to 2017, involving about 29.24 million students. The 11th International Classification of Diseases was selected as the diagnostic standard. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods in ArcGIS software were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: The visual impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013-2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a weakening year by year. Further exploration revealed that the per capita disposable income of rural households, the growth rate of gross domestic product, total retail sales of consumer goods and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional visual impairment levels.Conclusions: The slight rebound of the prevalence of visual impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.
Hydroxychloroquine/ Chloroquine in Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Zhe , Liu Aihua , Cheng Yongjing , Wang Xutao , Xu Xiaomao , Huang Jia , Ma Yuqing , Gao Ming , Huang Cibo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: We aim to evaluate the treatment value and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)/ chloroquine (CQ) in COVID-19.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an inpatient ward in Wuhan from 2020. 02. 08 to 2020. 03. 05. Patients with HCQ/ CQ and age, gender, disease severity matched ones without HCQ/ CQ were selected at a 1:2 ratio. The clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were compared between these two groups. The multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that might influence patients’ virus shedding periods (VSPs).Results: A total of 14 patients with HCQ/ CQ and 21 matched were analyzed. The HCQ/CQ treatment lasted for an average of 10.36±3.12 days. The VSPs were a little longer in the HCQ/ CQ treatment group (26.57±10.35 days vs. 19.10±7.80 days, P=0.020). There were 3 patients deceased during inpatient period, two patients were with HCQ/ CQ treatment (P=0.551). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, disease durations at admission (t=3.643, P=0.001) and HCQ/CQ treatment (t=2.637, P=0.013) were independent parameters for patients’ VSPs prediction. One patient with CQ had recurrent first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) and obvious QTc elongation, another one complained about dizziness and blurred vision which disappeared after CQ discontinuation. One patient with HCQ had transient AVB.Conclusions: The HCQ/ CQ administration is not related to neither less mortality cases nor shorter VSPs. HCQ rather than CQ is relative safe and tolerable.
Erythropoietin enhances postnatal hippocampal mitochondrial content, function, and cognition
Authors: Jacobs Robert , Aboouf Mostafa , Reyes Christian Arias , Laouafa Sofien , Koester-Hegmann Christina , Thiersch Markus , Soliz Jorge , Gassmann Max , Gasser Edith Schneider 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is increasingly evident that mitochondria are crucial in regulating neurodevelopment, brain function and cognition. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and cognition following brain damage and in patients with neurological disorders. However, potential EPO-mediated influence(s) on hippocampal mitochondrial function during postnatal development and it corresponds to enhanced cognition is unknown. Here we show in mice, that EPO receptors (EpoR)s express postnatally in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus reaching a zenith at puberty (postnatal (P) age 21). Constitutive neuronal EPO overexpression increases hippocampal Erk1/2 and AKT phosphorylation along with increases in cellular respiration and mitochondrial content by the third postnatal week of development. Indices of cellular oxidant balance do not appear altered by higher respiratory potentials and greater mitochondrial content. Finally, EPO overexpression also enhances hippocampal-dependent learning and memory at early adulthood (P60). Collectively, this data identifies a novel function for EPO signaling, promoting improvements in hippocampal-specific mitochondrial function and cognition during postnatal development and early adulthood.
The Androgen Receptor is a Tumour Suppressor in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Tilley Wayne , Hickey Theresa , Selth Luke , Chia Kee Ming , Milioli Heloisa , Laven-Law Geraldine , Roden Daniel , Jindal Shalini , Hui Mun , Finlay-Schultz Jessica , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Birrell Stephen , Stelloo Suzan , Iggo Richard , Alexandrou Sarah , Caldon C. , Abdel-Fatah Tarek , Ellis Ian , Zwart Wilbert , Palmieri Carlo , Sartorius Carol , Swarbrick Alexander , Lim Elgene , Carroll Jason 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antagonistic sex hormone activity occurs in mammary gland development, whereby estrogen stimulates and androgen inhibits post-pubertal growth, but the mechanistic basis of this is largely unknown. Whether sex hormone antagonism occurs in the context of breast cancer is also unclear. The estrogen receptor alpha (ER) unequivocally drives the majority of breast malignancies, but the role of the androgen receptor (AR) is controversial, particularly in the context of ER-positive (ER+) tumours resistant to standard-of-care ER targeting therapies. The controversy has constrained clinical implementation of new drugs that influence AR activity for treatment of this disease.
Using a diverse panel of cell line and patient-derived models of ER+ breast cancer, we demonstrate that activation, not suppression, of AR activity exerts potent anti-tumour activity in multiple clinically relevant contexts, including tumours resistant to ER targeting therapy. We also show that AR agonists can be combined with old and new (i.e. Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor) standard-of-care agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistically, agonist activation of AR altered the distribution of ER and its coactivators (p300, SRC-3) on chromatin, resulting in repression of ER-regulated cell cycle genes and up-regulation of AR target genes, including known tumour suppressors.
Consistent with the mechanistic findings, a gene signature of AR activity derived from in vivo models positively predicted disease survival in multiple large, well-annotated clinical cohorts of ER+ breast cancer, outperforming existing pan-cancer or breast cancer specific signatures. These findings provide compelling evidence that AR has a tumour suppressor role in ER+ breast cancer and resolves an important clinical controversy concerning the optimal AR-directed treatment strategy, revealing a rational therapeutic opportunity.
Age-related increase in caveolin-1 expression facilitates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in neurons
Authors: Ha Tae-Young , Choi Yu Ree , Noh Hye Rin , Cha Seon-Heui , Kim Jae-Bong , Park Sang Myun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression. In the present study, we explored the association between cav-1 and cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.Methods: Using SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons overexpressing WT and Y14A cav-1, we investigated the effect of cav-1 expression on the uptake of α-syn using a dual chamber system. Additionally, we investigated the effect of cav-1 expression on the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions using co-culture assay and microfluidic chamber assay.Results: We demonstrated that cav-1 expression in the brain increased with age, and considerably increased in the brain of A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the relationship between age and α-syn spread and will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.
Validation of the Spanish version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with acute stress and coping
Authors: Piqueras Jose A. , Gomez-Gomez M. , Marzo J.C. , Gomez-Mir P. , Falco R. , Valenzuela B. ,   PSICORECUR-SOS COVID-19 study
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 is a “unique” stressor, which can produce physical and psychological trauma. Coping styles can buffer this psychological impact. Consequently, this paper aims to psychometrically adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to Spanish and examines the relationships between FCV-19S, stress response and coping strategies.Methods The sample comprised a convenience sample of 1146 participants (12-83 years), 880 from Spain (76.8%) and 266 from Dominican Republic (23.2%).Results Overall, the findings support a one-factor structure for FCV-19S, consisting of 7-items, and was invariant across age, sex, occupational status and cross-national. Therefore, indicating evidences of construct validity. Evidences of reliability were also observed (Cronbach’s α = .86, McDonald’s ω = .86, Guttmann’s λ6 = .86, Greatest lower bound = .91, composite reliability = .85, and Average Variance Extracted = .44). Moreover, as regards criterion-related validity, the mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between FCV-19S and acute stress was positive and high, with maladaptive coping styles mediating the relationship, and with a stronger mediation for men.Conclusion The findings give evidences of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of FCV-19S among Spanish-speaker participants, which provides the chance of cross-cultural studies.
Environmental DNA provides greater insight to biodiversity and ecosystem function compared to traditional approaches, via spatio-temporal nestedness and turnover partitioning
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Edwards Francois , Cosby Jack , Scarlet Pete , Bista Iliana , Brailsford Francesca , Glanville Helen , de Bruyn Mark , Carvalho Gary , Creer Simon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rapidly assessing biodiversity is essential for environmental monitoring, however traditional approaches are limited in the scope needed for most ecological systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) based assessment offers increased scope, while reducing cost and time, compared to traditional methods. Here we investigated the effects of landuse and seasonality on headwater community richness and functional diversity, to assess spatio-temporal dynamics between eDNA and traditional methods. Environmental DNA provided greater biodiversity resolution with both methods resulting in complementary findings. Community richness was seasonally linked, peaking in spring and summer, with temporal turnover having a greater effect on community composition compared to localized nestedness. Our assessment of ecosystem function shows community formation is driven by regional resource availability, implying regional management requirements. Our findings show that eDNA based ecological assessment is a powerful, rapid and effective assessment strategy that enables complex spatio-temporal studies of community diversity and ecosystem function previously unavailable by traditional means.