bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the effect of injection well on groundwater table in unconfined aquifer using numerical model of isogeometric analysis and optimization of injection rate with PSO algorithm
Authors: Poursalehi F. , Akbarpour A. , Hashemi S. R. 
Published: April 2022

Currently, one of the solutions to improve the decline in the water table of aquifers owing to their uncontrolled extraction is artificial recharge schemes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The present study applies a nonuniform rational B-spline functions (NURBS) based isogeometric method to investigate the effects of an injection well on the rise of water table, unconfined aquifer hydrodynamic parameters and injection rate. Also, the best injection rate was determined by linking the isogeometric analysis (IGA) simulation model to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) model. Initially, the IGA method was implemented to simulate a water table over an unconfined aquifer with two extraction wells with discharges of 1142.85 and 1428.57 m
3
day
−1
for 210 days and was compared with the Modflow model. The model was tuned and run by constructing an injection well with 8214.28 m
3
day
−1
injection rate for 1500 days. The IGA simulation results with ME = −0.0096, MAE = 0.0111 and RMSE = 0.0146 indicated the accuracy of the model in water table simulation compared with the Modflow model with ME = −0.0188, MAE = 0.023 and RMSE = 0.0284. The findings revealed that the use of an injection well has a positive impact on raising the water table, with a rise of 1.24 m in the observation well. Investigating the effect of the parameters on the water table changes indicated that the injection rate directly affects changes in the water table. The water table rises by more than 43% with a 50% increase in the injection rate. Also, compared with the effect of the injection rate on the water table, the transmissivity and specific yield effects were not substantial. The results of IGA–PSO showed that the best value of injection rate is 2000 m
3
day
−1
, whereby the aquifer water table rises by an average of 37.12 cm.
Learning Theories Use and Relationships in Computing Education Research
Authors: Szabo Claudia , Sheard Judy 
Published: April 2022

The use of established and discipline-specific theories within research and practice is an indication of the maturity of a discipline. With computing education research as a relatively young discipline, there has been recent interest in investigating theories that may prove foundational to work in this area, with discipline-specific theories and many theories from other disciplines emerging as relevant. A challenge for the researcher is to identify and select the theories that provide the best foundation for their work. Learning is a complex and multi-faceted process and, as such, a plethora of theories are potentially applicable to a research problem. Knowing the possible candidate theories and understanding their relationships and potential applicability, both individually or as a community of theories, is important to provide a comprehensive grounding for researchers and practitioners alike.
In this work, we investigate the fundamental connections between learning theories foundational to research and practice in computing education. We build a comprehensive list of 84 learning theories and their source and influential papers, which are the papers that introduce or propagate specific theories within the research community. Using Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar, we identify the papers that cite these learning theories. We subsequently consider all possible pairs of these theories and build the set of papers that cite each pair. On this weighted graph of learning theory connections, we perform a community analysis to identify groups of closely linked learning theories. We find that most of the computing education learning theories are closely linked with a number of broader learning theories, forming a separate cluster of 17 learning theories. We build a taxonomy of theory relationships to identify the depth of connections between learning theories. Of the 294 analysed links, we find deep connections in 32 links. This indicates that while the computing education research community is aware of a large number of learning theories, there is still a need to better understand how learning theories are connected and how they can be used together to benefit computing education research and practice.
ClioQuery
: Interactive Query-oriented Text Analytics for Comprehensive Investigation of Historical News Archives
Authors: Handler Abram , Mahyar Narges , O’Connor Brendan 
Published: April 2022

Historians and archivists often find and analyze the occurrences of query words in newspaper archives to help answer fundamental questions about society. But much work in text analytics focuses on helping people investigate other textual units, such as events, clusters, ranked documents, entity relationships, or thematic hierarchies. Informed by a study into the needs of historians and archivists, we thus propose
ClioQuery
, a text analytics system uniquely organized around the analysis of query words in context.
ClioQuery
applies text simplification techniques from natural language processing to help historians quickly and comprehensively gather and analyze all occurrences of a query word across an archive. It also pairs these new NLP methods with more traditional features like linked views and in-text highlighting to help engender trust in summarization techniques. We evaluate
ClioQuery
with two separate user studies, in which historians explain how
ClioQuery
’s novel text simplification features can help facilitate historical research. We also evaluate with a separate quantitative comparison study, which shows that
ClioQuery
helps crowdworkers find and remember historical information. Such results suggest possible new directions for text analytics in other query-oriented settings.
Cholesterol Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Wu Cheng , Wang Ming , Shi Hui 
Published: April 2022

Globally, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases each year, with an unhealthy diet representing one of the major pathogenic risk factors for CRC. Cholesterol is a vital dietary ingredient required to maintain the normal function of the body; however, disturbances in cholesterol levels have been discovered to exert a significant role in tumorigenesis. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of cholesterol in the occurrence of CRC. Briefly, CRC model mice were established through an intraperitoneal injection of azoxyemethane (AOM) and were subsequently either fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHC). Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed following the treatment of SW480 and HCT116 cells with cholesterol, and the cell viability and colony formation rate of CRC cells were analyzed. The findings identified that cholesterol levels were increased in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In contrast, the serum levels of cholesterol were decreased in patients with CRC compared with the healthy controls; however, no significant differences were observed in the cholesterol levels between

stage

I
+
II

and

stage

III
+
IV

patients with CRC. Notably, CRC model mice fed with an HFD or HFHC recorded a larger body weight compared with those mice fed a ND; however, no significant differences were reported in the number of tumors formed in each group. Furthermore, the tumor size in the HFHC group was discovered to be increased compared with the ND and HFD groups, and HGD and the pathological morphology were the most pronounced in the HFHC group. Moreover, mice in the HFHC group presented the highest ratio of Ki-67-positive staining and the lowest ratio of TUNEL-positive staining compared with those in the two other groups. Cholesterol treatment also increased the cell viability and clonality of SW480 and HCT116 cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-AKT were upregulated in cholesterol-induced CRC cells and tissues, whereas the treatment with BAY80-6946 attenuated the cholesterol-induced increases in the cell viability, colony formation ability, and tumor size. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that cholesterol may stimulate the progression of CRC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, cholesterol may not affect the number of tumors formed in CRC. In addition, cholesterol was discovered to mainly affect the advanced stages of CRC rather than the early stages.
Quantification of Neoantigen-Mediated Immunoediting in Cancer Evolution
Authors: Wu Tao , Wang Guangshuai , Wang Xuan , Wang Shixiang , Zhao Xiangyu , Wu Chenxu , Ning Wei , Tao Ziyu , Chen Fuxiang , Liu Xue-Song 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Immunoediting includes three temporally distinct stages, termed elimination, equilibrium, and escape, and has been proposed to explain the interactions between cancer cells and the immune system during the evolution of cancer. However, the status of immunoediting in cancer remains unclear, and the existence of neoantigen depletion in untreated cancer has been debated. Here we developed a distribution pattern-based method for quantifying neoantigen-mediated negative selection in cancer evolution. The method can provide a robust and reliable quantification for immunoediting signal in individual patients with cancer. Moreover, this method demonstrated the prevalence of immunoediting in the immunotherapy-naive cancer genome. The elimination and escape stages of immunoediting can be quantified separately, where tumor types with strong immunoediting-elimination exhibit a weak immunoediting-escape signal, and vice versa. The quantified immunoediting-elimination signal was predictive of clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. Collectively, immunoediting quantification provides an evolutionary perspective for evaluating the antigenicity of neoantigens and reveals a potential biomarker for precision immunotherapy in cancer.

Significance:
Quantification of neoantigen-mediated negative selection in cancer progression reveals distinct features of cancer immunoediting and can serve as a potential biomarker to predict immunotherapy response.
Long-term Safety of Treatment with Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Radiation-Induced Xerostomia: Primary Results of the MESRIX Phase I/II Randomized Trial
Authors: Lynggaard Charlotte Duch , Grønhøj Christian , Jensen Siri B. , Christensen Robin , Specht Lena , Andersen Elo , Andersen Tobias T. , Ciochon Urszula M. , Rathje Gulla S. , Hansen Adam E. , Stampe Helene , Fischer-Nielsen Anne , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy may reduce radiation-induced xerostomia. We investigated the long-term safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (ASC) injections into the submandibular glands.

Experimental Design:
An investigator-initiated, randomized, single-center, placebo-controlled trial. Previous patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with radiation-induced xerostomia were randomly (1:1) allocated to receive a 2.8 million ASCs/cm3 injection or placebo in both submandibular glands and followed for a minimum of 2 years. The primary endpoint was number of serious adverse events (SAE). Secondary endpoints included whole saliva flow rates and xerostomia-related symptoms. Data analysis was based on the intention-to-treat population using repeated measures mixed-effects linear models.

Results:
Thirty-three patients were randomized; 30 patients were treated (ASC group, n = 15; placebo group, n = 15). Long-term safety data were collected from all 30 patients. During follow-up, 6 of 15 (40%) of the ASC-treated patients versus 5 of 15 (33%) of the placebo patients experienced an SAE; no SAEs appeared to be treatment related. Unstimulated whole saliva flow rate increased to 0.20 and 0.16 mL/minute in the ASC and placebo group, respectively, yielding a 0.05 mL/minute (95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.10; P = 0.051) difference between groups. Patient-reported xerostomia symptoms diminished according to a decreased xerostomia questionnaire summary score of 35.0 and 45.1, respectively [−10.1 (−18.1 to −2.2); P = 0.013]. Three of the visual analog scale xerostomia measures indicated clinical benefit following use of ASC.

Conclusions:
Our data show that ASC therapy is safe with a clinically relevant effect on xerostomia-related symptoms. Confirmation in larger randomized controlled trials is warranted.
Dioecismo y Ciudad Ideal. Acerca de la República de Platón, VII 540e4-541a1
Authors: Lévystone David Xavier 
Published: April 2022

The radical mean suggested by Socrates in order to carry out the program of the Republic - the relegation to the fields of all inhabitants over the age of 10 - has perplexed modern commentators who have seen in it an ironical remark, a reductio ad absurdum presented in order to establish the very impossibility of Kallipolis or, on the contrary, a sign of the totalitarian and criminal character of the Platonic city. But it is far from evident, in view of political or military events prior and contemporary with the redaction of the Republic, that this solution could offend the moral conscience of fourth-century Greeks. This practice even seems to be the logical consequence of a certain oligarchic or aristocratic ideology, common by the end of the 5th c. and at the beginning of the 4th c., which associated, on the one hand, rural organization with the ‘best regime’ and, on the other, urban centralisation with democracy. The actual practices of the Lacedaemonian city, which maintained its primitive organization in komai, and even tried to impose it to other cities, could also serve as a model for the opponents of Athenian democracy. All of Plato's political models, from the Republic to the Laws, present cities whose essential, if not exclusive, productive activity is agriculture. The displacement of the population to the countryside seems, from this perspective, a rather serious proposal of the philosopher. *

* Agradezco a Héctor Zagal y a María-Elena García-Peláez por sus observaciones y sugerencias al texto en español.
Abstract 12913: Under Pressure: An Unusual Case of Pulmonary Hypertension and Pericardial Effusion
Authors: McLaughlin Megan , Ganz Peter , Durstenfeld Matthew , Hsue Priscilla 
Published: April 2022

A 50-year-old male smoker with hypertension presented with subacute bilateral leg swelling, weight gain, and dyspnea. Exam revealed tachycardia, jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, diminished breath sounds, and pulsus paradoxus. Labs were notable for elevated creatinine and leukocytosis. ECG showed sinus tachycardia and low voltages. CXR showed left hemithorax opacification. TTE revealed normal LV function, septal flattening, severely dilated RV with reduced function, RVSP 81 mmHg, and a large pericardial effusion with exaggerated respirophasic variation in mitral inflow but no chamber collapse. The elevated RVSP with RV failure raised concern for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). CT chest excluded PE but revealed a large mediastinal mass compressing both pulmonary arteries (PA) and large left pleural effusion. Pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a totally occluded left PA and severe stenosis of the right PA. Right heart catheterization showed RAP 24, RV 83/21, PA 84/29 (mean 53), intrapericardial pressure 15 mmHg, and low cardiac index (1.6 L/min/m2).
Pericardiocentesis was performed with close monitoring by PA catheter. Removal of 500cc fluid was well tolerated with stable hemodynamics, cardiac output, and intracardiac pressures. Pericardial fluid cytology and lymph node biopsy demonstrated small cell lung cancer. Cautious diuresis was initiated. After one cycle of chemotherapy, repeat CT chest showed reduced extrinsic compression of the right PA with improved lung perfusion. Repeat TTE showed dramatic improvement with normal RV size and function, RVSP 22 mmHg, and trivial pericardial effusion.
Pericardial effusion in the setting of severe PH is associated with poor outcomes and presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Classic findings of tamponade (e.g. right sided chamber collapse) may be masked by elevated right heart pressures. Compression of the PA by a mediastinal mass is an unusual cause of PH and right heart failure that can mimic acute PE. This rare clinical scenario presents the following challenges: (1) diuresis may precipitate tamponade, (2) pericardiocentesis may enable an already enlarged RV to acutely dilate and thus worsen RV failure, and (3) there is uncertainty regarding the role for PA stenting.
Abstract 13327: Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Katsouli Anthi , Gazi Sadia , Marfia Paula , Lee Helen , Qazi Sameer , Komorowski Monica , Bertino Ann-Marie , Joshi Neeraj 
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has obligated healthcare systems to triage patients efficiently in order to utilize resources in the proper manner. Robust, validated clinical prediction tools are lacking that identify patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who are at the highest risk of mortality.
A cohort of 661 positive COVID patients admitted to the Loyola hospital from 3/11/2020 to 10/12/2020 was used to validate previously published results with the composite outcome of ‘critically ill’, defined as invasive ventilation, ICU admission, or in-hospital death. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Fifty-two (52) percent of our cohort had critical illness compared to 8% in the Liang paper (the first predictor model which was developed in China). Our population was older, had significantly higher abnormal chest x-ray, dyspnea, and number of comorbidities compared to their population. In addition, our population had higher values for NLR and LDH and lower direct bilirubin. Using the model coefficients presenting in Liang et al, the AUC was only 0.68 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.72), considerably lower than .88 presented in their publication. LASSO variable selection identified 8 variables (HR, SBP, fever, SpO2<90, LDH, ferritin, D dimer, CRP on admission) for a multivariable model. In the multivariable model: SpO2 <90, fever at admission, and increasing LDH were found to be statistically associated with our outcome. We finally added baseline predictors of age, sex, race, and number of comorbidities to the LASSO predictors which resulted in an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.78).
In our study, we found that three predictors (SpO2 <90, fever, and increasing LDH on admission) were selected by the LASSO analysis to construct a predictive nomogram. The application of our model would help clinicians make a prompt decision to optimize patient stratification management. However, this quantitative tool needs to be validated by further large-scale prospective studies.
Medicine and Religion at the Early Modern Deathbed: How Can We Reframe the Narrative?
Authors: Donato Maria Pia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since the 1960s, at a time when medicine was transforming Western conceptions of, and approaches to, the end of life, historians, historians of medicine, and specialists of religious studies have delved into death from a historical perspective. In the wake of historiens de la mentalité like Philippe Ariès and Michel Vovelle, studies commonly emphasise the limited autonomy of medicine vis-à-vis religion in conceptualising death and care for the dying. Only in the late eighteenth century, with Enlightenment culture and the secularization of society, were physicians supposedly encouraged to adopt a more active stance on the end of life. The aim of this paper is to survey recent scholarship that revisits the interaction of medicine and religion at the deathbed. In doing so, it presents an alternative to the rather dichotomous interpretation of the rise of medicine going hand in hand with the downfall of religion. It points to problems and sources that might be reconsidered in order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the interaction and reciprocal developments of medicine and religion in early modern Europe.
Coupled Ocean–Sea Ice Dynamics of the Antarctic Slope Current Driven by Topographic Eddy Suppression and Sea Ice Momentum Redistribution
Authors: Si Yidongfang , Stewart Andrew L. , Eisenman Ian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) plays a central role in redistributing water masses, sea ice, and tracer properties around the Antarctic margins, and in mediating cross-slope exchanges. While the ASC has historically been understood as a wind-driven circulation, recent studies have highlighted important momentum transfers due to mesoscale eddies and tidal flows. Furthermore, momentum input due to wind stress is transferred through sea ice to the ASC during most of the year, yet previous studies have typically considered the circulations of the ocean and sea ice independently. Thus, it remains unclear how the momentum input from the winds is mediated by sea ice, tidal forcing, and transient eddies in the ocean, and how the resulting momentum transfers serve to structure the ASC. In this study the dynamics of the coupled ocean–sea ice–ASC circulation are investigated using high-resolution process-oriented simulations and interpreted with the aid of a reduced-order model. In almost all simulations considered here, sea ice redistributes almost 100% of the wind stress away from the continental slope, resulting in approximately identical sea ice and ocean surface flows in the core of the ASC in a fully spun-up equilibrium state. This ice–ocean coupling results from suppression of vertical momentum transfer by mesoscale eddies over the continental slope, which allows the sea ice to accelerate the ocean surface flow until the speeds coincide. Tidal acceleration of the along-slope flow exaggerates this effect and may even result in ocean-to-ice momentum transfer. The implications of these findings for along- and across-slope transport of water masses and sea ice around Antarctica are discussed.
A Large True Brachial Artery Aneurysm in an Infant
Authors: Kaikaus Jahanzeb , Moseley Marcus D. , Dwivedi Amit J. , Sigdel Abindra 
Published: April 2022

A 6-month-old male was admitted to the children’s hospital for management of an underlying gastrointestinal illness. During his admission, a large, pulsatile mass was incidentally noted in the left upper arm concerning for an expanding pseudoaneurysm. Vascular surgery was consulted, and further workup with a CT angiogram demonstrated a brachial artery aneurysm 3 cm in greatest diameter. The patient was taken to the operating room, where lateral aneurysmorraphy was performed without complication. His neurovascular exam remained intact postoperatively. The presented case demonstrates a viable approach to the surgical management of this clinical challenge in infants. Although reports of brachial artery aneurysm in this age group are rare in the literature, resection with primary repair and interposition grafting have also been described. Long-term outcomes are not available in these cases. Lateral aneurysmorraphy allows for ongoing monitoring and future resection and bypass of the aneurysm as the patient continues to grow.