bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Microwave-Specific Effect on Nazarov Cyclization
Authors: Kubota Yusuke , Fukuzumi Junichiro , Saito Kodai , Yamada Tohru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A copper-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization using an aryl vinyl ketone derivative containing a 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety was carried out under microwave irradiation conditions. The Nazarov cyclization was dramatically accelerated and the kinetic rate of the microwave irradiation was 5.8 times faster than that by conventional heating conditions. A theoretical interpretation of the microwave-specific effect as physical phenomena of the molecules based on chemical kinetics and dynamics was attempted. The microwave-specific effect in terms of the pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation is discussed, thus a hypothesis of the conformational equilibrium activation by microwaves is theoretically supported. To further investigate the microwave-specific effect, a catalytic asymmetric Nazarov cyclization was finally performed. As the enantioselectivity is defined as the function of the reaction temperature, observation of the same enantioselectivity implies the same reaction temperature. Interestingly, when the asymmetric Nazarov cyclization was conducted using a chiral copper catalyst, the Nazarov reaction was subsequently enhanced by the microwave irradiation without any loss of the enantioselectivity. It is suggested that the drastic enhancement with the retention of the enantioselectivity was caused not by a thermal effect, but by a microwave-specific effect on the enantioselective reaction.
Nanometer-Flat DNA-Featured Thin Films Prepared via Laser Molecular Beam Deposition under High-Vacuum for Selective Methanol Sensing
Authors: Murata Tomohiro , Minami Kosuke , Yamazaki Tomohiko , Sato Tomomasa , Koinuma Hideomi , Ariga Katsuhiko , Matsuki Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have developed nanometer-flat deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-featured solid thin films using a DNA source extracted from salmon sperm via laser molecular beam deposition (LMBD) under high-vacuum condition. The DNA thin films formed by LMBD had molecular flatness with an average surface roughness of 7.4 nm. Although fragmentation due to the cleavage of the phosphate bonds was observed, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors fabricated with DNA thin films using LMBD showed higher methanol detection capability than sensors using DNA thin films fabricated by spin coating, indicating that LMBD-DNA thin films have a high potential for sensor applications.
New Work In and Beyond Repertory at the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare’s Globe
Authors: Fallow Catriona 
Published: December 2022

This article explores the role of new writing within two contemporary Shakespearean institutions, the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) and Shakespeare’s Globe. Focusing on the 2010 premieres and subsequent touring productions of David Greig’s Dunsinane for the RSC and Howard Brenton’s Anne Boleyn at the Globe, this article reflects on how these plays derive distinctive meanings from their repertory connection to Shakespeare. At the same time, I argue that by reconceiving accepted historical narratives and figures, these plays also challenge causal links between past and present, including the supposed lineage between Shakespeare and contemporary writers that both institutions espouse.
Climate Policy Risk and Corporate Financial Decisions: Evidence from the NOx Budget Trading Program
Authors: Dang Viet Anh , Gao Ning , Yu Tiancheng 
Published: December 2022

We find that manufacturing firms adopt more conservative capital structures in response to the Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Budget Trading Program (NBP) of 2004, a regional cap-and-trade program aimed at mitigating the NOx emissions of power plants in 11 midwestern and southeastern states in the United States. Our further analysis demonstrates that, because the NBP induces an electricity price shock, it affects manufacturers’ financial decisions by raising their operating leverage and distress risk. We also find that firms respond to the NBP’s adoption heterogeneously: they adjust their financial leverage more dramatically when facing greater electricity intensity, financial distress threats, or competitive pressure. In addition, firms adapt not only capital structure, but also other financial policies in response to the regulation. Overall, our study shows that climate policy risk constitutes an essential consideration in firm financial decisions. It also highlights potential unintended consequences of policy responses to climate change for the corporate sector. This paper was accepted by George Serafeim, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge generous financial support from the Alliance Manchester Business School Strategic Research Investment Fund. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4617 .
Accounting-Driven Bank Monitoring and Firms’ Debt Structure: Evidence from IFRS 9 Adoption
Authors: Li Xiao , Ng Jeffrey , Saffar Walid 
Published: December 2022

International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 is of practical relevance to banks because it requires intense monitoring of borrowers to record timely loan losses. Using data from 50 countries, we find that accounting-driven bank monitoring due to IFRS 9 adoption reduces firms’ reliance on bank debt relative to public debt. This finding is consistent with firms experiencing more costly bank monitoring after a shift in regulatory reporting that requires banks to monitor borrowers more intensely. In further analyses, we find that the negative effect of IFRS 9 adoption on bank debt reliance is more pronounced with more stringent regulatory supervision of banks, consistent with regulatory stringency exacerbating costly bank monitoring for firms. We also find that the negative effect is stronger when firms can more easily switch from bank debt to public debt financing, consistent with the relevance of switching costs in firms’ decisions to avoid costly bank monitoring. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71802205], the Program for Innovation Research, and the Program for Young Talents Cultivation [Grant QYP202103] in Central University of Finance and Economics. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4628 .
Hygienic practice during complementary food preparation and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Debark town, northwest Ethiopia, 2021: An overlooked opportunity in the nutrition and health sectors
Authors: Zeleke Agerie Mengistie , Bayeh Gashaw Melkie , Azene Zelalem Nigussie 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHygienic practices during complementary food preparation are suboptimal in developing countries, in Ethiopia in particular. Hygienic complementary food preparation is crucial to prevent childhood communicable diseases like diarrhea and associated malnutrition among children aged 6–24 months. However, in Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidence on the practice of hygiene during complementary food preparation. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the hygienic practice of complementary food preparation and associated factors among women having children aged 6–24 months in Debark town, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 mothers with 6–24 months of age children from December 1 to January 30, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 23 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regressions (Bivariable and multivariable) were performed to identify statistically significant variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsThe study revealed that 44.9% (95% CI (40.2, 49.4%)) of the mothers having children aged 6–24 months had good practice of complementary food preparation. Maternal age of 25–29 years[AOR:3.23, 95% CI: (1.555–9.031)], husband’s attained secondary school and above (AOR:2.65, 95% CI (1.211–5.783)], using modern stove for cooking [AOR:3.33,95% CI (1.404–7.874)], having a separate kitchen[AOR: 8.59, 95%Cl: (2.084–35.376], and having a three bowl dishwashing system(AOR: 8.45, 95% CL: (4.444–16.053)) were significantly associated with good hygiene practice of complementary food preparation.ConclusionsThe findings have indicated that the majority of the mothers had poor hygienic practices of complementary food preparation. Mother’s age, husband’s educational status, type of stove used for cooking, having a separate kitchen, having a three bowl dishwashing system were factors that significantly influenced the hygiene practice of mothers during complementary food preparation. Therefore, training and counseling mothers and caregivers on complementary food processing and preparation is important and such endeavors which inform the development and implementation of complementary food hygiene interventions in urban communities are recommended.
Obeticholic acid treatment ameliorates the cardiac dysfunction in NASH mice
Authors: Liu Szu-Yu , Huang Chia-Chang , Yang Ying-Ying , Huang Shiang-Fen , Lee Tzung-Yan , Li Tzu-Hao , Hou Ming-Chih , Lin Han-Chieh 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundSuppression of cardiac iinflammasome, which can be inhibited by Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, can ameliorate cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Increased cardiac inflammasome decrease the abundance of regulatory T (Treg) cells and exacerbate cardiac dysfunction. Interaction between cardiomyocytes and Treg cells is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cardiac dysfunction.AimsThis study evaluates whether the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment improves NASH-associated cardiac dysfunction.MethodsThein vivoandin vitromechanisms and effects of two weeks of OCA treatment oninflammasome and Treg dysregulation-related cardiac dysfunction in NASH mice (NASH-OCA) at systemic, tissue and cellular levels were investigated.ResultsThe OCA treatment suppressed the serum and cardiac inflammasome levels, reduced the cardiac infiltrated CD3+T cells, increased the cardiac Treg-represented anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10/IL-10R) and improved cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and function [decreased left ventricle (LV) mass and increased fractional shortening (FS)] in NASH-OCA mice. The percentages of OCA-decreased cardiac fibrosis and OCA-increased FS were positively correlated with the percentage of OCA-increased levels of cardiac FXR and IL-10/IL-10R. In the Treg cells from NASH-OCA mice spleen, in comparison with the Treg cells of the NASH group, higher intracellular FXR but lower inflammasome levels, and more proliferative/active and less apoptotic cells were observed. Incubation of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with Treg-NASHcm [supernatant of Treg from NASH mice as condition medium (cm)], increased inflammasome levels, decreased the proliferative/active cells, suppressed the intracellular FXR, and downregulated differentiation/contraction marker. The Treg-NASHcm-induced hypocontractility of H9c2 can be attenuated by co-incubation with OCA, and the OCA-related effects were abolished by siIL-10R pretreatment.ConclusionsChronic FXR activation with OCA is a potential strategy for activating IL-10/IL-10R signalling, reversing cardiac regulatory T cell dysfunction, and improving inflammasome-mediated NASH-related cardiac dysfunction.
Frameworks for mitigating the risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Meki Chisala D. , Ncube Esper J. , Voyi Kuku 
Published: December 2022

Background
Diarrhea is one of the major cause of death and morbidity around the world.

Objectives
This scoping review summarizes existing frameworks that aim to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases and describe the strengths and weaknesses of these frameworks.

Eligibility criteria
Published frameworks designed to mitigate the risks of waterborne diarrheal diseases. Frameworks published in English, from around the world and published since inception to date.

Sources of evidence
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Free Search, organization websites and reference lists of identified sources.

Charting methods
Data were charted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results were summarized and described narratively. A criterion to score the strengths and weaknesses of the included frameworks was also developed.

Results
Five frameworks were identified including: the hygiene improvement framework, community led total sanitation, global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhea, participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation, and sanitation and family education. These frameworks shared several common components, including identification of problems and risk factors, identification and implementation of interventions, and evaluation and monitoring. The frameworks had several interventions including different infrastructure, health promotion and education, enabling environment and clinical treatments. Most of the frameworks included health promotion and education. All the frameworks were strengthened by including strategies for implementing and delivering intervention, human resource aspect, community involvement, monitoring, and evaluation. The main weakness included not having components for collecting, storing, and transferring electronic data and the frameworks not being specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases. In addition, the identified frameworks were found to be effective in mitigating the risk of diarrhea diseases among other health effects.

Conclusions
Existing frameworks should be updated specifically for mitigating waterborne diarrheal diseases that includes the strengths and addresses weaknesses of reviewed frameworks.
Alterations in biceps femoris long head fascicle length, Eccentric hamstring strength qualities and single-leg hop distance throughout the ninety minutes of TSAFT90 simulated football match
Authors: Yagiz Gokhan , Dayala Vinay Kumar , Williams Kevin , Owen Julian Andrew , Kubis Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionFootball matches show higher hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) than football training. The occurrence of HSIs increases in the last fifteen minutes of both halves of football matches and shows an incremental trend towards the end of the ninety minutes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine football-specific fatigue-induced alterations in risk factors of the HSIs, including biceps femoris long head fascicle length via ultrasonography (BFlh FL), single-leg hop distance, hamstrings’ maximal eccentric strength, and single-leg hamstring bridge test (SLHB) performance.MethodologyDuring ninety minutes of the TSAFT90football simulation, the BFlh FL and single-leg hop distance were measured three times (before, at half-time and after 90 minutes of simulated match-play), and maximal hamstrings eccentric strength and SLHB test scores were recorded twice (before and after simulated match-play) for both legs in physically active participants (n = 15).ResultsMaximal eccentric hamstrings’ strength (dominant leg (D): p < 0.001, Hedges’ (adjusted)geffect size = -0.969; non-dominant leg (ND): p < 0.001,g= -0.929) and the SLHB performance (D: p < 0.001,g= -1.249; ND: p < 0.001,g= -1.108) showed large decrements immediately after the TSAFT90intervention. There were no significant alterations in the BFlh FL, and the single-leg hop distance.ConclusionsMaximal eccentric strength and the SLHB performance of hamstrings are reduced after 90 minutes of simulated football match-play. Practitioners may consider focusing on improving eccentric strength and the SLHB performance. Future studies should examine alterations in the BFlh fascicles’ dynamic lengthening and shortening ability during a football match.
Carotid and femoral bruits as cardiovascular risk indicators in a middle-aged Finnish population: A 20-year prospective study
Authors: Parkkila Karri , Kiviniemi Antti , Tulppo Mikko , Perkiömäki Juha , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Ukkola Olavi 
Published: December 2022

Background
Effective treatment and prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases requires reliable methods of assessing individual CV event risk. Although standardized risk calculators like Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) are sufficient in most instances, sometimes more specific clinical examination is needed to determine the most optimal intervention and its intensity.

Aim
To study whether carotid and femoral bruits provide prognostic information on CV events, CV mortality and all-cause mortality beyond traditional CV risk factors.

Methods
1045 subjects (49.8% men), aged 51.3 ± 5.97 years were clinically examined in the beginning of 1990’s. The subjects were followed for over 20 years and data on CV events and causes of deaths was collected.

Results
During the follow-up period, 241 (23.1%) of the subjects died and 82 (34.6%) of the deaths were of CV origin. Carotid bruits were a significant risk factor for CV deaths only if subjects with previous CV events were included. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, LDL cholesterol, coronary artery disease and stroke, carotid bruits posed a hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of 4.15 (2.39–8.52) p<0.001 for CV deaths. After excluding subjects with previous CV events (after which n = 941) neither carotid nor femoral bruits were statistically associated with CV events or all-cause mortality. Adding carotid or femoral bruits in the baseline risk model with traditional CV risk factors did not improve C-statistic, reclassification, or discrimination of the subjects.

Conclusions
Carotid and femoral bruits do not provide clinically useful information in a pure primary prevention setting. Carotid bruits might be useful in evaluating the overall CV risk in a population where recurrent CV events may occur.
Malnutrition among the aged population in Africa: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of studies over the past 20 years
Authors: Ewunie Temesgen Muche , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Dejene Tadesse Mamo , Abate Semagn Mekonen 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNowadays, malnutrition among the advanced age (60 years and older) population is becoming a public health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries including Africa. Hence, the prevalence in Africa is still not known. So, this review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition among the advanced age population in Africa.MethodsA study search was carried out using databases (such as African Journals Online, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Embess, and PubMed) and gray literature following PRISMA guidelines from April 20, 2022, to May 30, 2022, with no restriction on date of publication. We used a standardized extraction format to compile eligible studies as per the inclusion criteria. Then, systematic review and meta-analysis were employed using a random effect model to obtain the pooled prevalence of malnutrition among aged population living in Africa. The counter-funnel plot and at the 5% significance level, Egger’s test and Begg’s test were used to check for publication bias. Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between the outcome of interest and different predictors.ResultsA total of 731 studies were identified and 28 met the inclusion criteria, which were conducted in 17 African countries. The pooled prevalence of under-nutrition in Africa was 17% (95%CI; 13.5–20.6). The prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly varied significantly across countries, ranging from 1.8% (95% CI; 0.96–2.63) in South Africa to 39.47% (95% CI; 31.70–47.24) in Kenya. According to meta-regression analysis, the likelihood of a malnutrition problem would be reduced by a factor of 9.84 (β = -9.84, 95 percent CI; _-14.97, -4.70, P = 0.00) in upper-middle income countries. In addition, based on the publication year, malnutrition has decreased by a factor of 0.75 (β = -0.75, 95%CI:-1.49, -0.01, P = 0.04) from 1998 to 2021.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of malnutrition among the aged population. So, this underserved population should be targeted for intervention programs and/or integrated into maternal and child nutrition programs.
Analysis of autonomic function during natural defecation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome using real-time recording with a wearable device
Authors: Nakata Rieko , Tanaka Fumio , Sugawara Noriaki , Kojima Yuichi , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Shiba Masatsugu , Higuchi Kazuhide , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAutonomic dysfunction is a factor in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there are no reports of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity during natural defecation in patients with IBS. We aimed to clarify the relationship between ANS activity and life events, such as defecation and abdominal symptoms, using real-time recording.MethodsSix patients with IBS and 14 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective multicenter study. ANS activity was recorded for 24 h using a T-shirt wearable device, and life events were recorded simultaneously in real time using a smartphone application software. Low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and HF calculated by power spectrum analysis were defined as activity indicators of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, respectively.ResultsThe means of LF/HF and HF in the period with positive symptoms were comparable between the groups; however, the sum of LF/HF, sum of ΔLF/HF, and the maximum variation in ΔLF/HF were significantly higher in the IBS group. In the IBS group, the sum of ΔLF/HF and LF/HF increased significantly from 2 min before defecation, and the sum of LF/HF remained significantly higher until 9 min after defecation. The sum of ΔLF/HF at 2 min before defecation was significantly positively correlated with the intensity of abdominal pain and diarrhea and constipation scores. In contrast, it was significantly negatively correlated with defecation satisfaction and health-related quality of life.ConclusionsIn patients with IBS, sympathetic nerve activity was activated 2 min before defecation, which was correlated with abdominal symptoms and lower QOL.