bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced disruption of zebrafish spermatogenesis via single cell RNA-seq
Authors: Haimbaugh Alex , Akemann Camille , Meyer Danielle , Gurdziel Katherine , Baker Tracie R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent and environmentally persistent endocrine disrupting chemical. Our previous work demonstrated the latent reproductive maladies of early-life TCDD exposure in zebrafish. Zebrafish acutely exposed to low, environmentally relevant levels of TCDD (50 pg/mL) during two windows of sexual differentiation in development (1 hour of exposure at 3 and 7 weeks postfertilization) were later infertile, showed a reduction in sperm, and exhibited gene expression consistent with an altered microenvironment, even months after exposure. Due to the highly heterogeneous cell- type and -stage landscape of the testes, we hypothesized various cell types contribute markedly different profiles toward the pathology of TCDD exposure. To investigate the contributions of the diverse cell types in the adult zebrafish testes to TCDD-induced pathology, we utilized single-cell RNA-seq and the 10x Genomics platform. The method successfully captured every stage of testicular germ cell development. Testes of adult fish exposed during sexual differentiation to TCDD contained sharply decreased populations of late spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. Spermatogonia and early spermatocyte populations were, in contrast, enriched following exposure. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes supported previous findings that TCDD exposure resulted in male infertility, and suggested this outcome is due to apoptosis of spermatids and spermatozoa, even years after exposure cessation. Increased germ cell apoptosis was confirmed histologically. These results provide support for an environmental exposure explanation of idiopathic male infertility.
The Distribution of Nonwage Benefits: Maternity Benefits and Gender Diversity
Authors: Liu Tim , Makridis Christos A , Ouimet Paige , Simintzi Elena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Why do firms offer nonwage compensation instead of the equivalent amount in financial compensation? We argue that firms use nonwage benefits, specifically female-friendly benefits, such as maternity leave, to increase gender diversity by efficiently attracting women. Using Glassdoor data, we show that firms offer higher-quality maternity leave benefits in labor markets in which female talent is relatively scarce. This result also holds more generally when examining all female-friendly nonwage benefits and is not present when looking at gender-neutral benefits. Moreover, using staggered adoption of state laws, we show that voluntary provision of these benefits can increase firm value.
Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Female reproductive status and exogenous sex hormone use in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab and csDMARDs
Authors: Daraghmeh Dala N , Hopkins Ashley M , King Catherine , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y , Wechalekar Mihir D , Proudman Susanna M , Sorich Michael J , Wiese Michael D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Sex is well known to influence risk, severity and treatment outcomes of RA, although the underlying causes are uncertain. The aim of this research was to examine whether factors influencing female sex hormones (reproductive status and exogenous sex hormone use) are associated with the efficacy of DMARDs.

Methods
Individual participant data were pooled from five phase 3 clinical trials where RA patients were treated with tocilizumab and/or conventional synthetic DMARDs. The primary outcome was the time to first remission according to the Simplified Disease Activity Index. The relationship between menopausal status or use of exogenous sex hormones and the time of first remission was assessed via Cox proportional analysis. Analysed data included sex, baseline menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, early postmenopausal and postmenopausal), participant age, body mass index, race, number of previous DMARDs and baseline disease activity.

Results
Analysis included 4474 female patients, of whom 2817 (62.9%) were postmenopausal, 202 (4.5%) were early postmenopausal, 1021 (22.8%) were premenopausal and 414 (9.2%) were perimenopausal. Of these, 221 (7.8%), 13 (6.4%), 255 (25%) and 47 (11.4%), respectively, were taking exogenous sex hormones. In the pooled analysis, perimenopausal status was associated with reduced remission compared with premenopausal status [adjusted HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.61, 0.99)]. Sex hormone use was associated with significantly higher remission [adjusted HR 1.20 (95% CI 1.01, 1.43)].

Conclusion
Perimenopausal women were less likely to achieve remission compared with premenopausal RA patients. The use of exogenous sex hormones appeared to be associated with more frequent remission in female RA patients, particularly those who were perimenopausal and early postmenopausal, although further research is required to confirm and identify the drivers for this observation and how it interacts with menopausal status.
Sleep spindle dynamics suggest over-consolidation in post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: van der Heijden Anna C , Hofman Winni F , de Boer Marieke , Nijdam Mirjam J , van Marle Hein J F , Jongedijk Ruud A , Olff Miranda , Talamini Lucia M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevastating and persisting traumatic memories are a central symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep problems are highly co-occurrent with PTSD and intertwined with its etiology. Notably, sleep hosts memory consolidation processes, supported by sleep spindles (11–16 Hz). Here we assess the hypothesis that intrusive memory symptoms in PTSD may arise from excessive memory consolidation, reflected in exaggerated spindling. We use a newly developed spindle detection method, entailing minimal assumptions regarding spindle phenotype, to assess spindle activity in PTSD patients and traumatized controls. Our results show increased spindle activity in PTSD, which positively correlates with daytime intrusive memory symptoms. Together, these findings provide a putative mechanism through which the profound sleep disturbance in PTSD may contribute to memory problems. Due to its uniform and unbiased approach, the new, minimal assumption spindle analysis seems a promising tool to detect aberrant spindling in psychiatric disorders.
Incarceration Exposure during Pregnancy and Father’s Acknowledgment of Paternity
Authors: Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B , Jones Melissa S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Incarceration carries consequences for families, including negative impacts on female partners and children of incarcerated men. Whether incarceration that occurs around the time of pregnancy influences a father’s acknowledgement of paternity (AOP) of a newborn has been overlooked. The present study investigates the role of recent incarceration largely of male partners for AOP. Drawing on pooled-cross sectional data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 2012–2018 (N = 178,131 in pooled analyses), multinomial logistic regression is used to assess significant differences in the association between incarceration exposure and three possible AOP statuses: married (tacit and automatic AOP), unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP, and unmarried without AOP. Findings demonstrated that incarceration-exposed women were approximately twice as likely to be unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP and over four times as likely to be unmarried without AOP. Results showed that among unmarried women, incarceration exposure still doubles the odds of unmarried without AOP compared to being unmarried with voluntary in-hospital AOP. Study findings highlight the novel ways that incarceration impacts family structure from the earliest stages of the life course by increasing the chances that recent mothers and their newborn children will be without legal recourse to paternal resources and support.
Improving the Health of Rural Communities Through Academic–Community Partnerships and Interprofessional Health Care and Training Models
Authors: Fraher Erin P. , Lombardi Brianna , Brandt Barbara , Hawes Emily 
Published: June 2022

Health disparities between rural and urban areas are widening at a time when urban health care systems are increasingly buying rural hospitals to gain market share. New payment models, shifting from fee-for-service to value-based care, are gaining traction, creating incentives for health care systems to manage the social risk factors that increase health care utilization and costs. Health system consolidation and value-based care are increasingly linking the success of urban health care systems to rural communities. Yet, despite the natural ecosystem rural communities provide for interprofessional learning and collaborative practice, many academic health centers (AHCs) have not invested in building team-based models of practice in rural areas. With responsibility for training the future health workforce and major investments in research infrastructure and educational capacity, AHCs are uniquely positioned to develop interprofessional practice and training opportunities in rural areas and evaluate the cost savings and quality outcomes associated with team-based care models. To accomplish this work, AHCs will need to develop academic–community partnerships that include networks of providers and practices, non-AHC educational organizations, and community-based agencies.
In this commentary, the authors highlight 3 examples of academic–community partnerships that developed and implemented interprofessional practice and education models and were designed around specific patient populations with measurable outcomes: North Carolina’s Asheville Project, the Boise Interprofessional Academic Patient Aligned Care model, and the Interprofessional Care Access Network framework. These innovative models demonstrate the importance of academic–community partnerships to build teams that address social needs, improve health outcomes, and lower costs. They also highlight the need for more rigorous reporting on the components of the academic–community partnerships involved, the different types of health workers deployed, and the design of the interprofessional training and practice models implemented.
Predicting the Subsequent Contralateral Hip Fracture: Is FRAX the Answer?
Authors: Lott Ariana , Pflug Emily M. , Parola Rown , Egol Kenneth A. , Konda Sanjit R. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To (1) determine the ability of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) to identify the probability of contralateral hip fractures within 2 years of index fracture and (2) identify independent risk factors for a subsequent hip fracture.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Urban, academic medical center.

Patients:
This study included a consecutive series of patients treated for unilateral hip fractures between September 2015 and July 2019.

Results:
Eight hundred thirty-two consecutive patients were included in the analysis with a mean age of 81.2 ± 9.9 years. Thirty-one (3.7%) patients sustained a contralateral hip fracture within 2 years with these patients sustaining the second fracture at a mean 294.1 days ± 197.7 days. The average FRAX score for the entire cohort was 11.9 ± 7.4, and the area under receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for FRAX score was 0.682 (95% CI, 0.596–0.767). Patients in the high-risk FRAX group had a >7% risk of contralateral hip fracture within 2 years. Independent risk factors for contralateral hip fracture risk included patient age 80 years or older and decreasing BMI.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the strong ability of the FRAX score to triage patients at risk of subsequent contralateral hip fracture within 2 years. In this high-risk FRAX group, patients age older than 80 years and who have decreasing BMI after their index fracture have a 12.5% increased risk of fracture within 2 years which is 4× higher than the current World Health Organization 10-year 3% hip fracture risk standard used to initiate pharmacologic treatment. Therefore, high-risk patients identified using this methodology should be targeted more aggressively with preventative measures including social, medical, and potentially surgical interventions.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Update on cancer therapy-induced atherosclerosis
Authors: Reeves David J. , Rao Vijay U. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Recent advances in oncologic therapies have significantly improved overall survival for patients with malignancy. However, cardiovascular complications have not only increased in this population due to shared risk factors and pathophysiology, but also due to the therapies themselves. One key mechanism that warrants further attention is accelerated atherosclerosis due to these agents.

Recent findings
Here we review recent studies focusing on four classes of anticancer agents with the potential to accelerate atherosclerosis, including breakpoint cluster region-Ableson (BCR-ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapies, androgen deprivation therapies, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. In addition to drug therapy, radiation therapy may also accelerate atherosclerosis.

Summary
In order to optimize outcomes for patients with malignancy, enhanced efforts need to focus on mitigating common risk factors, but also recognizing enhanced atherosclerotic risk with certain oncologic therapies. For patients exposed to these agents, risk reduction with agents such as aspirin and/or statins prior to, during, and after cancer treatment may provide opportunities to improve overall outcomes.
The Effectiveness of Whole Lung Lavage in Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Zeng Yuhao , Jiang Yuchen , Banks Daniel E. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the role of whole lung lavage (WLL) in the treatment of pneumoconiosis and compare changes in lung function over time in treated and untreated miners.

Methods
We systematically reviewed and identified eight controlled studies with treated and comparison groups with lung function tests before WLL and a year or more later. Two hundred ninety-two patients were included in our meta-analysis.

Results
Studies consistently showed a slowing of the rate of lung function decline with WLL at 1, 2, and 4 years. In some reports, details of the population under study, reliability of lung function tests, the adequacy of matching, technical aspects of the procedure, and adverse effects associated with WLL were not available.

Conclusions
Despite recognized weaknesses in the presentation of information, this procedure may show promise in altering the natural history of pneumoconiosis.
A Study on the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Psychological Resilience, and Job Burnout of Grassroots Civil Servants
Authors: Feng Yuchao , Li Fangwei , Sun Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the status of self-efficacy, resilience, personality traits, and job burnout of grassroots civil servants, and their relationship.

Methods
Grassroots civil servants were randomly selected, and questionnaire survey method was adopted.

Results
Civil servants with characteristics such as age, marital status, education level, and length of service were more prone to job burnout. Self-efficacy, resilience, and personality traits were important factors influencing job burnout of grassroots civil servants. Neuroticism played a regulating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and mental resilience. The increase of neuroticism score led to increasing mediation of self-efficacy on job burnout through decreased mental resilience.

Conclusions
Higher levels of self-efficacy and mental resilience may reduce job burnout. Higher levels of neuroticism have a negative effect on the moderating role of self-efficacy on job burnout through psychological resilience.
Drug use stigma, antiretroviral therapy use, and HIV viral suppression in a community-based sample of people with HIV who inject drugs
Authors: Patel Eshan U. , Solomon Sunil S. , McFall Allison M. , Prata Menezes Neia , Tomori Cecília , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Kumar Muniratnam S. , Celentano David D. , Lucas Gregory M. , Mehta Shruti H. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To examine the association of drug use stigma with antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and HIV viral suppression among people with HIV who inject drugs in India.

Design:
Cross-sectional biobehavioral survey.

Methods:
Between August 2016 and May 2017, persons aged at least 18 years who reported injection drug use in the past 2 years were recruited via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in 12 Indian cities (approximately 1000 per city). The analysis was restricted to participants with laboratory-confirmed HIV infection who self-reported a prior HIV diagnosis and were eligible for ART per concurrent national HIV treatment guidelines. Enacted and internalized drug use stigma were each measured by five to six-item subscales. The study outcomes were HIV viral suppression (<150 copies/ml) and self-reported past 30-day ART use. RDS-II weighted multivariable logistic regression with a city-level random-intercept was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Among 971 ART-eligible participants previously diagnosed with HIV, 65.1% reported ART use and 56.1% were virally suppressed. Reporting any enacted stigma (vs. none) was associated with lower odds of ART use [aOR = 0.26 (95% CI = 0.15–0.44)] and viral suppression [aOR = 0.49 (95% CI = 0.31–0.78)]. High internalized stigma scores (>median vs. ≤median) were associated with lower odds of viral suppression among participants aged at least 35 years [aOR = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.27–0.97)] but not among participants aged less than 35 years [aOR = 1.22 (95% CI = 0.57–2.60)]. Similar associations were observed in analyses restricted to participants ever linked to HIV care.

Conclusion:
Drug use stigma may be a barrier to HIV viral suppression among people with HIV who inject drugs, thereby hindering efforts to achieve HIV control.
High seroconversion rate and SARS-CoV-2 Delta neutralization in people with HIV vaccinated with BNT162b2
Authors: Pourcher Valérie , Belin Lisa , Soulie Cathia , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Marot Stéphane , Lacombe Karine , Valin Nadia , Pialoux Gilles , Calin Ruxandra , Palacios Christia , Malet Isabelle , Zafilaza Karen , Tubiana Roland , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Klatzmann David , Calvez Vincent , Simon-Tillaux Noémie , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To assess humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 Delta-variant in people with HIV (PWH) after BNT162b2-vaccination.

Design:
Multicenter cohort study of PWH with CD4+ cell count less than 500 cells/μl and viral load less than 50 copies/ml on stable antiretroviral therapy for at least 3 months.

Methods:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding-domain IgG antibodies (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified and neutralization capacity was evaluated by ELISA/GenScript and virus-neutralization-test against the D614G-strain, beta and delta variants before vaccination (day 0) and 1 month after complete schedule (M1).

Results:
We enrolled 97 PWH, 85 received two vaccine shots. The seroconversion rate for anti-RBD IgG was 97% [95% confidence interval (CI) 90–100%] at M1. Median (IQR) anti-RBD IgG titer was 0.97 (0.97–5.3) BAU/ml at D0 and 1219 (602–1929) at M1. Neutralization capacity improved between D0 (15%; 50% CI 8–23%) and M1 (94%; 95% CI 87–98%) (P < 0.0001). At M1, NAbs against the D614G strain, beta and delta variants were present in 82, 77, and 84% PWH, respectively. The seroconversion rate and median anti-RBD-IgG level were 91% and 852 BAU/ml, respectively, in PWH with CD4+ cell count less than 250 (n = 13) and 98% and 1270 BAU/ml for CD4+greater than 250 (n = 64) (P = 0.3994). NAbs were present in 73% of PWH with CD4+ less than 250 and 97% of those with CD4+ cell count greater than 250 (P = 0.0130). NAbs against beta variant were elicited in 50% in PWH with CD4+ cell count less than 250 and in 81% of those with CD4+ cell count greater than 250 (P = 0.0292). CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were unchanged, whereas CD19+ B-cell counts decreased after vaccination(208 ± 124 at D0 vs. 188 ± 112 at M1, P < 0.01). No notable adverse effects or COVID-19 cases were reported.

Conclusion:
Seroconversion rates were high, with delta-neutralization rates similar to those for the D61G strain, after a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in PWH.
Intersecting epidemics: the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the HIV prevention and care continua in the United States
Authors: Spears Camille E. , Taylor Barbara S. , Liu Albert Y. , Levy Sera M. , Eaton Ellen F. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To summarize the broad impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on HIV prevention and care in the United States with a focus on the status-neutral HIV care continuum.

Design:
We conducted an editorial review of peer-reviewed literature on the topics of HIV-risk behaviors, sexually transmitted illness (STI) and HIV prevalence, HIV prevention and treatment trends, and evolving practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
For relevant literature, we reviewed, summarized, and categorized into themes that span the HIV prevention and care continua, including sexual risk behaviors, mental health, and substance use.

Results:
We identified important changes within each component of the HIV care continuum across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shifts in prevention practices, engagement with care, care provision, medication adherence, testing, and prevalence rates were observed during the pandemic.

Conclusion:
Although heightened disparities for people at risk for, and living with, HIV were seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, many health systems and clinics have achieved and maintained engagement in HIV prevention and care. This review highlights barriers and innovative solutions that can support durable and accessible health systems through future public health crises.
Simulated evolution of mating signal diversification in a primate radiation
Authors: Winters Sandra , Higham James P. 
Published: June 2022

Divergence in allopatry and subsequent diversification of mating signals on secondary contact (reinforcement) is a major driver of phenotypic diversity. Observing this evolutionary process directly is often impossible, but simulated evolution can pinpoint key drivers of phenotypic variation. We developed evolutionary simulations in which mating signals, modelled as points in phenotype space, evolve across time under varying evolutionary scenarios. We model mate recognition signals in guenons, a primate radiation exhibiting colourful and diverse face patterns hypothesized to maintain reproductive isolation via mate choice. We simulate face pattern evolution across periods of allopatry and sympatry, identifying the role of key parameters in driving evolutionary endpoints. Results show that diversification in allopatry and assortative mate choice on secondary contact can induce rapid phenotypic diversification, resulting in distinctive (between species) and stereotyped (within species) face patterns, similar to extant guenons. Strong selection against hybrids is key to diversification, with even low levels of hybrid fitness often resulting in merged populations on secondary contact. Our results support a key role for reinforcement by assortative mating in the maintenance of species diversity and support the long-proposed prehistorical scenario for how such striking diversity was produced and maintained in perhaps the most colourful of all mammalian clades.