bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect on handgrip strength of low‐frequency percutaneous electric stimulation applied to the median and cubital nerves: A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Álvarez David Martín‐Caro , Serrano‐Muñoz Diego , Fernández‐Pérez Juan José , Moreno Jaime Salom , Gómez‐Soriano Julio , Avendaño‐Coy Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPercutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) consists of applying an electric current of <1,000 Hz to different neuromuscular structures through acupuncture needles. Currently, there is controversy surrounding the effect of PENS on muscle strength in the scientific literature. The main objective was to assess the effect of PENS applied to the median and cubital nerves on the maximum handgrip strength (MHS) compared to sham stimulation, as well as to determine the safety of the intervention. A parallel, randomized, double‐blind controlled trial in a sample of 20 healthy subjects. Participants were randomly allocated in the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. A blinded researcher measured MHS. Measurements of MHS of the dominant hand were taken at four time points: preintervention, immediately postintervention, 24 hr after the intervention, and at a 10‐day follow‐up. A 10‐Hz percutaneous electrical current stimulation was employed. The control group also received the same puncture method but with no electric stimulation. Compared to baseline, the MHS decreased 10.4% (SEM = 3.2, p = .02) in the PENS group at 24 hr postintervention, with no differences observed between baseline and at 10 days postintervention. No changes in grip strength were observed at any time point in the sham group. To sum up, PENS decreased MHS at 24 hr postintervention, which does not persist 10 days after the stimulation. PENS can be considered a safe technique. Trials with larger sample sizes are required to corroborate the findings of this study. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT, NCT04662229, filed on March 12th of 2020.
It is essential to connect: Evaluating a Science Communication Boot Camp
Authors: Longtin Krista , Wisner Rebecca , Organ Jason M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScientific knowledge has expanded dramatically in the 21st century. Yet, even in science where there is large consensus among the studies—evolution by natural selection, for example, or the human basis of accelerated climate change—the public and policymakers are not always in agreement with the science. To bridge this gap, scientists and educators need to connect and engage with diverse audiences with varying levels of science literacy. Communication scholars have identified several effective tactics to communicate effectively with non‐specialist audiences. However, our sometimes‐siloed thinking in science and higher education discourages sharing this knowledge across disciplinary lines. Furthermore, many training programs focus on educating about which communication strategies work, but they fail to provide participants with the opportunity to develop the skills required to listen effectively and respond in an engaging way. To that end, we created the Science Communication Boot Camp (SCBC) with support from an American Association for Anatomy innovations grant. The 3‐day program engaged and immersed participants in training designed to develop audience‐centered communication, distill scientific concepts into meaningful narratives, and connect effectively with the public, collaborators, and policymakers. Based on participant surveys at three timepoints (preworkshop, postworkshop, and 2‐year follow‐up), the SCBC was effective in helping participants to increase their communication skills and willingness to engage with the public and other non‐specialist audiences.
Entwicklung von Prozessen zur automatisierten Planung und Herstellung von Stahlbetonbauteilen
Authors: Zöller Raphael , Ochlast Andreas , Zimmert Florian , Braml Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie Industrie 4.0, Digitalisierung und Automatisierung haben das Potenzial, den Werkstoff Stahlbeton unter anderem in Hinblick auf Ressourcenschonung, Vorfertigung, Dauerhaftigkeit, Qualität der Ausführung sowie viele weitere Aspekte entscheidend weiterzuentwickeln. Bereits jetzt können in Fertigungshallen immer häufiger Roboter und Robomaschinen angetroffen werden. In Anlehnung an diesen Trend werden im vorliegenden Beitrag derzeit durchgeführte Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsarbeiten der Firmengruppe Max Bögl und der Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, vorgestellt. Die ersten erklärten Entwicklungsziele dieses Verbunds betreffen die Implementierung von Treibern der Digitalisierung und der Industrie 4.0 in die Planung und Herstellung von Stahlbetonfertigteilen. Hierzu wird in der digitalen Planung ein Prozess zur parametrischen 3D‐Modellierung und Bahnplanung für Roboteranwendungen entwickelt. Die entstehenden Datensätze werden anschließend in der technischen Umsetzung unter Verwendung von Industrierobotern einerseits zur individuellen Fertigung von Bewehrungskörben, andererseits zur Herstellung alternativer Bauteilgeometrien mittels eines Beton‐3D‐Druck‐Verfahrens verwendet.
Plant seed extract assisted, eco‐synthesized C‐ZnO nanoparticles: Characterization, chromium(VI) ion adsorption and kinetic studies
Authors: Rao Srilatha , A S Sowmyashree , Jayaprakash Gururaj Kudur , Swamy M. Mahadeva , K Swamynathan , Kumar Deepak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis report attempts to elucidate the potential of plant seed extract assisted synthesis of graphite‐based zinc oxide nanoparticles (C‐ZnO NPs) towards removal of chromium(VI) ions from water samples. The graphite‐based zinc oxide (C‐ZnO) composites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The C‐ZnO nanocomposites have found to remove chromium from the sample through an adsorption process. The sensitivity of chromium removal through adsorption is found to be in the range of 40 to 240 mg. The adsorption behaviour was found to be fitting with Langmuir isotherm model and the adsorption reaction follows pseudo second‐order kinetics.
Assessment of late cardiotoxic effects in patients treated for cancer in childhood
Authors: Kincl Vladimír , Panovský Roman , Kepák Tomáš , Bajčiová Viera , Bednárová Veronika , Opatřil Lukáš , Máchal Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe most frequent chemotherapeutic regimens used in children's cancer contain anthracyclines, which may have potentially cardiotoxic effects even at a later point in time. Echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging is well‐proved noninvasive method to assess cardiac function.ObjectivesTo assess the late cardiotoxic effects in young adults treated for various cancer types in childhood.MethodsNinety‐eight young adults who were treated for childhood cancer (CCS), median time 12.1 years after finishing the therapy, were comprised into study. All subjects underwent echocardiographic examination including tissue Doppler imaging. The echocardiographic parameters were compared to 57 healthy age‐matched subjects. The CCS group also underwent 24‐h ECG Holter monitoring to reveal any arrhythmias.ResultsThe subjects in CCS group had lower E′ velocities from lateral (15.6 vs. 17.6 cm/s) and septal part (12.2 vs. 14.4 cm/s) of mitral annulus (p for both <0.001) and also lower S′ velocity from the tricuspid annulus (12.4. vs. 13.3 cm/s, p = 0.013) and tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion (TAPSE; 22.2 vs. 23.9 mm, p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in left ventricular systolic velocities or ejection fraction. The occurrence of arrhythmias did not differ among subgroups of CCS with or without anthracycline therapy.ConclusionChildhood cancer survivors had subclinical cardiac impairment in comparison with healthy controls, particularly in left ventricular diastolic function.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of oncologic patients with COVID‐19 during the first year of the pandemic in Mexico
Authors: De‐la‐Rosa‐Martinez Daniel , Aranda‐Audelo Mercedes , Martin‐Onraet Alexandra , Islas‐Muñoz Beda , Perez‐Jimenez Carolina , Alatorre‐Fernandez Pamela , Cornejo‐Juarez Patricia , Ruiz‐Garcia Erika , Zinser‐Peniche Paola , Nuñez‐Luna Luis , Meneses‐Garcia Abelardo , Herrera‐Gomez Angel , Vilar‐Compte Diana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiterature on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in cancer patients is scarce in Latin America. This population seems to have a higher risk for adverse outcomes. This study aims to correlate clinical characteristics with outcomes in patients with cancer.MethodsWe included all patients with cancer and confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from April 19 to December 31, 2020, at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico. Clinical information was obtained from medical and epidemiological records. For the association between variables and hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsFour hundred thirty‐three patients were included; 268 (62%) were female, the median age was 55 years. One hundred thirty‐five (31%), 131 (30%), and 93 (21%) patients had obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively. Three hundred forty‐one (79%) had solid cancer. One hundred seventy (39%) had advanced cancer. Two hundred (46%) patients were hospitalized. Age (p < 0.01), male gender (p = 0.03), hematological malignancies (HM) (p = 0.04) and advanced cancer (p = 0.03) increased the risk for hospital admission. Forty‐five (10%) patients required IMV. Age (p = 0.02); DM (p = 0.04); high C‐reactive protein (p < 0.01), and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.03) were associated with IMV. Mortality within 30 days after diagnosis was 18% (76 cases). Associated characteristics were age (p = 0.04) and low albumin (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn this study, patients with cancer showed higher mortality, need for hospitalization, and IMV compared with other non‐cancer cohorts. We did not find an increased risk in mortality for HM. Although our cohort was younger than others previously reported, age was a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Variables associated with IMV and death were similar to those previously described in cancer patients with COVID‐19.
PDGF‐BB/PDGFRβ promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition by affecting PI3K/AKT/mTOR‐driven aerobic glycolysis in Wilms' tumor G401 cells
Authors: Guo Jia‐qi , Wang Chang‐dong , Tang Hu‐ying , Sang Bo‐tao , Liu Xing , Yi Fa‐ping , Wu Xiang‐mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWilms' tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. PDGFRβ belongs to the type III receptor tyrosine kinase family and is known to be involved in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Here, we studied the effect and underlying mechanism of PDGFRβ on WT G401 cells. Transwell assay and wound‐healing assay were used to detect the effect of PDGFRβ on G401 cells invasion and migration. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of EMT‐related genes. The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins was detected by Western blot. The relationship between PDGFRβ and aerobic glycolysis was studied by assessing the expression of glycolysis‐related enzymes detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. The activity of HK, PK, and LDH was detected by corresponding enzyme activity kits. The concentration of lactic acid and glucose was detected by Lactic Acid Assay Kit and Glucose Assay Kit‐glucose oxidase method separately. To investigate the mechanism of PDGFRβ in the development of WT, the changes of glucose and lactic acid were analyzed after blocking PI3K pathway, aerobic glycolysis, or PDGFRβ. The key enzyme was screened by Western blot and glucose metabolism experiment after HK2, PKM2, and PDK1 were inhibited. The results showed that PDGFRβ promoted the EMT process by modulating aerobic glycolysis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in which PKM2 plays a key role. Therefore, our study of the mechanism of PDGFRβ in G401 cells provides a new target for the treatment of WT.
Quantification of fructans in cereal‐based bioethanol stillage based on a simplified analytical method
Authors: Zimmermann Andreas , Kaltschmitt Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCereal‐based bioethanol stillage, the main by‐product of industrial bioethanol production, is a potential substrate for fructans. However, the quantification of fructans in such complex sample matrices is still a challenge for the corresponding analytics to be overcome to allow for the identification and utilization of such unused fructan sources. Especially a possible utilization or rather the corresponding process development requires appropriate analytics first. Thus, this paper aims to develop and apply a method for fructan quantification in bioethanol stillage using common a high‐performance liquid chromatography–refractive index detector.FindingsA new approach for fructan quantification is presented allowing for simple fructan determination in bioethanol stillage for comparably high sample throughput. The developed analytical method performs fructan quantification by means of fructose‐ and glucose‐equivalent determination after targeted acidic hydrolysis adapted to the respective sample matrix. On the basis of this method, up to 2.5% of fructans were found in the dry matter of cereal‐based bioethanol stillage.ConclusionCereal‐based bioethanol stillage is assessed to be a potential source of fructans. The presented analytical method can be the basis for respective process development and, thus, may contribute to a higher‐value utilization of stillage.Significance and NoveltyAccording to current knowledge, no determination of fructans in stillage or corresponding analytical methods have been published so far.
Malignant otitis externa presenting cerebral infarction from pseudoaneurysm: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Koshiba Yasutoshi , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Suzuki Jun , Honkura Yohei , Funayama Yukino , Ikeda Kensuke , Warita Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Katori Yukio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus could also be risk factors of pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) due to malignant otitis externa (MOE). Although pseudoaneurysm of the ICA is a rarely encountered disease, it should always be taken into consideration when treating patients of MOE.
Severe stomatitis caused by osimertinib combined with gefitinib: A case report
Authors: Zhu Ya‐ning , Li Li , Zhang Peng , Zuo Yan , Lei Yu , Bai Jun , Cao Lu , Guo Zhen‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 2017 NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC recommend epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as the first‐line treatment for patients with gene‐sensitive mutations of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The TKI combination can effectively inhibit the gene mutations caused by the drug resistance and enhance the antitumor effect. However, more clinical investigations are required of the efficacy and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of this combination. A 62‐year‐old female patient diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis, meningeal metastasis, multiple bone metastasis, and liver metastasis was treated with the combination of gefitinib and osimertinib. Evident improvement was observed after 10 days of combined treatment with these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including in the CT features and symptoms. The level of tumor marker CEA decreased significantly after 40 days. However, severe stomatitis occurred after 49 days. By analyzing the relationship between stomatitis and TKI combined treatment based on the temporal correlation, instructions and literature reports, mechanisms, and reaction, we discovered that the combination of the two TKI drugs can increase the incidence and severity of severe stomatitis. Following targeted treatment and drug withdrawal, the patient fully recovered. TKI combination may increase the incidence and severity of stomatitis, suggesting that closely care and timely withdrawal are necessary measures.
Using the extract of pomegranate peel as a natural indicator for colorimetric detection and simultaneous determination of Fe3+ and Fe2+ by partial least squares–artificial neural network
Authors: Khani Shokoofeh , Mohajer Fatemeh , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Badiei Alireza , Ghasemi Jahan B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple, novel, biocompatible, and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for colorimetric detection and speciation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. The method is based on the complex formation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with organic constituents containing functional groups in pomegranate peel extract (PG). Developing of the color is specifically established in the presence of Fe3+ and Fe2+. Accordingly, in addition to direct detection of both cations, we carried out a quantitative multivariate model for their accurate determination in real matrix aqueous samples. Due to spectral interference, the simultaneous determination of Fe3+ and Fe2+ mixtures using spectrophotometry is a problematic issue. A combined multivariate as partial least squares (PLS)–artificial neural network (ANN) was used to create and adjust a model and predict said cations in test and real sample sets. In this context, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 400–900 nm range for 98 different mixtures of Fe3+ and Fe2+. Calibration matrices contained 1–12 and 1–10 μg ml−1 of Fe3+ and Fe2+, respectively. The detection limits for Fe3+ and Fe2+ were 0.53 and 0.14 μg ml−1, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for Fe3+ and Fe2+ with PLS‐ANN was 0.78, 1.65 and 1.062, 0.894 in Kalugan waterfall and Tehran tap water. This strategy can simultaneously determine Fe3+ and Fe2+ in real matrix samples, and the reliability of the determination is acceptable.
New bifunctional 1,3‐diamine organocatalysts derived from (+)‐camphoric acid for asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroolefins
Authors: Rénio Márcia , Murtinho Dina , Ventura M. Rita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel 1,3‐diamine‐derived bifunctional thiourea and squaramide organocatalysts were synthesized from (+)‐camphoric acid. These catalysts were easily obtained in up to two to five synthetic steps, in a flexible approach that facilitates their structure variation. Their catalytic activity was examined in the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to several trans‐β‐nitrostyrenes. Yields up to 98% and enantiomeric excesses up to 74% and high diastereoselectivities when applicable (dr up to 93:7) were obtained in these reactions showing that 1,3‐diamine‐derived bifunctional thioureas are efficient organocatalysts.
Metalloxidische Materialien
Authors: Seiß Maximilian , Schmitz Sebastian , Moors Marco , Monakhov Kirill 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel schildert die Bedeutung metalloxidischer Materialien für viele aktuelle Anwendungsgebiete wie Halbleitertechnik, Sensorik und erneuerbare Energien. Durch die Verwendung neuartiger Materialsysteme und den besonderen Eigenschaften von molekularen Metalloxiden sind dabei auch zukünftig große Fortschritte im Bereich der Energieeffizienz und Leistungsfähigkeit zu erwarten. Allerdings birgt der damit verbundene Bedarf an entsprechenden Rohstoffen und deren Gewinnung auch einiges globales ökologisches und soziales Konfliktpotenzial, wodurch Aspekte wie Recycling und Umweltverträglichkeit weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen werden.
Anorganische Hohlkugeln
Authors: Schubert Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungAnorganische Hohlkugeln, mit Durchmessern im Nanometer‐ bis mittleren Mikrometer‐Bereich, haben eine Reihe interessanter Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Die wichtigsten Herstellungsmethoden verwenden Template, die nach Abscheidung des Schalenmaterials auf ihrer Oberfläche wieder entfernt werden. Das können „harte“ Template sein wie SiO2‐, Kohlenstoff‐ oder Polymer‐Kügelchen, oder aber „weiche“ Template wie Flüssigkeitströpfchen (Emulsionen, Aerosole) oder Gasblasen. Daneben gibt es auch Methoden, bei denen Diffusion von Materie vom Inneren eines Feststoff‐Partikels nach außen ausgenutzt wird.
Understanding the role of land‐use emissions in achieving the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution to mitigate climate change
Authors: Wiltshire Andrew J. , von Randow Celso , Rosan Thais M. , Tejada Graciela , Castro Aline A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrazil has experienced huge areas of forest loss over recent decades with an estimated removal of 80 MHa of natural forest since 1990. Deforestation creates substantial greenhouse emissions that have historically dominated all other sectors. Effective governance has reduced deforestation and net land‐use emissions have fallen by 74% since the mid‐2000s. Anthropogenic carbon removal from secondary forest regrowth and protected areas has increased by 62%, which has helped drive the reduction in net emissions, offsetting gross emissions which have fallen by 44%. Major Brazilian biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest are net‐sinks and the Amazon was near net‐zero in 2010. Deforestation has increased over the last 10‐years and now stands at a decadal high in the Amazon region. These increases in deforestation put Brazil at risk of missing its original National Determined Contribution; however, the recent revision has substantially increased the 2005 baseline and therefore the overall target. Carbon removals in the forest sector play an increasingly important role in reducing emissions and achieving the NDC. The Brazilian target of achieving 12 MHa of reforestation and restoration has the potential to further offset emissions through enhanced regrowth. However, the natural carbon sinks of Brazil are weakening. The Amazon forest is the single largest Brazilian biome for natural carbon uptake but when combined with land‐use emissions has seen a net loss over the last 30 years. The natural sink remains large, but ecosystem resilience is declining driven by global and local climate change linked to rising international emissions and changing circulation patterns associated with local deforestation and degradation. These combine to make realizing the huge potential for carbon removal more challenging. It remains evident that forest protection and avoided degradation and disturbance is the best way to mitigate emissions and reduce climate impacts.
Comparison of Derivative‐Free Algorithms for their Applicability in Self‐Optimization of Chemical Processes
Authors: Soritz Sebastian , Moser Daniel , Gruber‐Wölfler Heidrun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, several implementations of different derivative‐free optimization algorithms are compared for the usage in chemical process optimization. As such, a benchmarking process is carried out, using optimization problems of different types to compare reliability, accuracy, and performance. Finally, using an automated reaction setup and a bespoke Python‐based script featuring a graphical user interface, all algorithms are tested in an optimization of a Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in continuous flow. To increase the scope of comparison, a model function based on the reaction is also used, to allow for a more in‐depth comparison without the use of physical resources.