bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Live Oak from Seed Hydrothermally Treated to Control Acorn Weevil Larvae
Authors: Crocker Robert L. , Morgan David L. , Longnecker Michael T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) acorns harvested for commercial seedling production frequently are heavily infested by larvae of Curculio spp. (2). Many nurserymen routinely soak acorns for 30 min in 49°C water to kill weevil larvae before planting the seed (4). Microwave radiation is effective against some stored products pests, but it is too damaging for use against acorn weevil larvae (2). Crocker and Morgan (1) measured the short-term (12-day) effects of hydrothermal treatments of tree-harvested acorns on survival of weevil larvae and seed germination, using 0- to 60-min immersion of the seed in 43.3° to 60.0° baths. Treatment for any of the tested times at a minimum of ≈49° controlled 100% of the weevils; it also produced dosage-related plant mortality and reduction in the short-term growth of seedlings. In the present research, we examined the survival and long-term vigor of acorns that were exposed to a 49° hydrothermal treatment.
‘Princesa’ Apple
Authors: Denardi F. , Hough L. F. , Camilo A. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Production of early ripening apples is becoming important in many areas at intermediate altitudes in southern Brazil, which have a subtropical climate with mild winters (1). However in these areas, winter temperatures only allow cultivation of apple cultivars that require ≈400 hr of chilling at <7.2°C. The cultivars Anna, Ein Shemer, and Vered from Israel, and several local cultivars, such as Rainha, Ohio Beauty, Bruckner do Brasil, and Culinaria, have satisfactory adaptation and are reasonably productive in these areas. With few exceptions, however, the fruit quality is unsatisfactory for Brazilian tastes.
Use of Farming Systems Research Extension (FSR/E) Methods to Identify Horticultural Research Priorities in The Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Gaye G. O. , Jack Isatou , Caldwell John S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “Use of Farming Systems Research Extension (FSR/E) Methods to Identify Horticultural Research Priorities in The Gambia, West Africa”, by G.O. Gaye, Isatou Jack, and John S. Caldwell (HortScience 23(l):21–25, February 1988), the authors wish to make the following acknowledgment: “The work reported herein was done under the Gambia Agricultural Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of The Gambia; the United States Agency for International Development; and the Univ. of Wisconsin. We express our appreciation to these institutions for their support.”
Towards a Standardized Nomenclature, Procedures, Values, and Units in Determining Fruit and Nut Tree Yield Performance
Authors: Lombard P. B. , Callan Nancy W. , Dennis F. G. , Looney N. E. , Martin G. C. , Renquist A. R. , Mielke E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering, fruit set, fruit size, and bearing potential are the main components of tree fruit and nut yield. The contributions of the individual components to yield and their interrelationships must be clearly defined in research addressing tree fruit productivity. Researchers have been inconsistent in terminology and procedures used to evaluate treatment effects on the major yield components. Although the relative effect of a treatment may be evident within an individual study, standardized measuring and reporting procedures are necessary if one wishes to compare results within the same species from various investigators, locations, and disciplines.
Fungal-induced Blemishes of Snap Peas Associated with Adherence of Blossom Parts to the Pods
Authors: Dillard Helene R. , Hunter James E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Snap peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown under the humid conditions of New York State often retain blossom parts on the pods. Blemishes caused by several fungi (Alternaria, Ascochyta, and Penicillium species) that developed on these blossom parts resulted in the pods being unmarketable. Symptoms included punctate lesions and protuberances that formed a rough surface on the pods. Affected areas exhibited reddish-brown to black discoloration. Commercial production of snap peas may not be successful in warm, humid regions until cultivars are developed that release blossom parts following anthesis.
Sooty Mold Fungus on Pecan Foliage Suppresses Light Penetration and Net Photosynthesis
Authors: Wood Bruce W. , Tedders Walker L. , Reilly Charles C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The heavy levels of sooty mold commonly present on pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] foliage in the autumn prompted an evaluation of its influence on net photosynthesis (Pn) of pecan leaves. Extra heavy sooty mold levels were observed to block light penetration to the leaf surface by up to 98%. Heavy mold levels suppressed leaflet Pn by up to 70% with suppression due to a blockage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). An observed 4°C increase in abaxial leaf surface temperature may also contribute to this suppression. The results indicate a possible need to introduce sooty mold control methods into orchard management programs.
Rapid Determination of Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrification in Potting Media
Authors: Elliott George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid assays for urea hydrolysis and for the oxidation of NH4+ to NO2– and NO3– are required for extensive studies of these processes in potting media. Methods originally developed for use with field soils were evaluated and modified for use with soilless media. Effects of urea concentration, buffer pH, and incubation temperature on rates of urea hydrolysis were tested with two media. Response to these variable was less pronounced in soilless potting media than in field soils. Urea hydrolysis can be conveniently assayed in soilless media under the following conditions: 5 mol urea/m3 medium, Tris buffer pH 8.0, 37°C. Rates of NH4+ and NO2– oxidation were estimated from the accumulation of NO2– in samples incubated for 0 to 24 hr with 4 mol NH4+/m3 medium as substrate in 1.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with or without 20 mol NaClO3/m3 medium. The rate of NO2– accumulation in the presence of ClO3–, an inhibitor of NO2– oxidation, estimates NH4+ oxidation, and the slope of the difference in NO2– between samples with and without ClO3– estimates the rate of NO2– oxidation. Although ClO3– does not completely inhibit NO2– oxidation in one of the two media tested, the method is useful for comparison of nitrification activity in potting media.
Alleviation of Chilling Injury in Papayas
Authors: Chan Harvey T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Susceptibility to chilling injury in ‘Kapoho’ papayas (Carica papaya L.) was reduced by ripening the fruit before storage at 5°C. The relationship between the decrease in chilling injury (CI) and postharvest ripening time at 24° was found to follow first order kinetics, hence, the half-lives for reducing the symptoms of CI of scald and hard core are 14.8 and 33.5 hr, respectively.
Plant-Water Relations of Young Highbush Blueberry Plants
Authors: Byers Patrick L. , Moore James N. , Scott H. Don 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diurnal and seasonal measurements of leaf water potential (ψ1), leaf diffusive resistance (R1), and leaf stomatal conductance (gs) of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Bluecrop) were made in 1984 and 1985. Marked diurnal variation in ψ1, R1, and gs was observed. The most negative values of ψ1 were usually reached by 1000 Central Standard Time and were maintained until late afternoon. Leaf stomatal conductance values were high in early morning, remained high throughout the day, and decreased in late evening. Stomata were absent on the adaxial leaf surface, while the abaxial surface averaged 553 stomata/mm2. Unexplained seasonal changes in ψ1 and R1 were noted in 1985. Leaf water potential and R1 were significantly correlated in one year. Leaf water potential and R1 were significantly correlated with air temperature and relative humidity, respectively, in both years.
Diurnal Temperature Cycling Influences Flowering and Node Numbers of Broccoli
Authors: Miller Conrad H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) were subjected to two diurnal chilling temperature cycles that varied between 2° and 14°C and from 14 to 52 days. Cycles differed in the length of time in transition between the minimum and maximum temperatures. In two experiments, plants were grown in an air-conditioned greenhouse phytotron at 22°/18° (day/night temperature) for 7 to 21 days before chilling. Plants (and germinating seeds) placed in the chilling environment for 28 to 49 days from 0 to 21 days from seeding, flowered as much as 13 days earlier than plants not chilled. Further, plants 14 days from seeding and chilled for an additional 28 days flowered 16 days earlier than controls. Similarly, chilled plants had fewer nodes at flowering attributable to the temperature cycling regimes, except in a third experiment when seeds in pots were placed immediately into the chilling cycles for 31 to 52 days. ‘Futura’ flowered earlier than ‘Early One’ but neither was different from ‘Bravo’ or ‘Apollo’ in this third experiment.
Effects of Starchy Sugary-2 and Sugary Sugary-2 Endosperm on Pericarp Thickness in Sweet Corn
Authors: Schmidt D. H. , Tracy W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The thickness of the pericarp is one of the most important factors determining quality in sweet corn (Zea mays L). A study was conducted to determine if differences observed in pericarp thickness between kernels with starchy sugary-2 (Su su2) and sugary sugary-2 (su su2) endosperm types were due to linkage effects or endosperm genotype effects. Reciprocal crosses were made between near-isogenic lines with Su su2 and su su2 endosperm types in four inbred backgrounds. The F1 plants were self-pollinated and ears segregating at the sugary locus were analyzed for pericarp thickness. The pericarp is maternal tissue, therefore all kernels from an ear have the same genotype regardless of the endosperm genotype. Highly significant effects (p ≤ 0.01) for pericarp thickness were found for endosperm, inbred, and endosperm by inbred interactions. If differences between Su su2 and su su2 endosperms were due to linkage effects, endosperm type would not have been significant. Endosperm type Su su2 had thicker pericarp than su su2 in all inbred backgrounds, but differences were significant in only two of the four backgrounds. Averaged over four inbred backgrounds, the pericarp thickness of Su su2 kernels and of su su2 kernels was 45 and 35 µm, respectively. A difference of this magnitude might be detectable as a difference in sweet corn tenderness.
Embryo Culture as a Means of Introgressing Seedlessness from Vitis vinifera to V. rotundifolia
Authors: Goldy Ron , Emershad Richard , Ramming David , Chaparro Jose 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryos from five seedless Vitis vinifera L. clones were cultured in ovulo 6 weeks after pollination with V. rotundifolia Michx. A total of 19 hybrid seedlings from about 16,000 pollinations were identified using leaf morphology and starch-gel electrophoresis. Efforts to obtain more V. vinifera/V. rotundifolia hybrids carrying the seedless gene(s) using embryo rescue should be increased and these plants could act as breeding stock to introduce the seedless gene(s) from V. vinifera into V. rotundifolia.
Seasonal Variation of Leaves and Mite Resistance of Lycopersicon Interspecific Hybrids
Authors: Good Donald E. , Snyder John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clones of 10 F2 mite-susceptible Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. × mite-resistant L. hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. were raised in summer and winter in the greenhouse. Leaflets from clones grown in both seasons were assayed for two-spotted spider mite survival (Tetranychus urticae Koch); Type IV, Type V, and Type VI trichome densities; and zingiberene and γ elemene concentrations. Clone, season, and their interaction were significant sources of variance of all six variables. Between season, among clones, and among clones between seasons, mite survival was inversely correlated with Type IV trichome density. No evidence for involvement of sesquiterpene presence or concentration or Type V or Type VI densities with mite survival was observed. Covariance analysis of mite survival using Type IV trichome density as the covariable removed the significance of the clone × season interaction, reduced the significance level of clonal variation, and reduced the mean square of seasonal variation. Because Type IV trichome density and mite survival were related across all sources of variation, Type IV trichome density is probably mechanistically and causally related with host-plant resistance of Lycopersicon hirsutum to mites.
An Improved Technique for Counting Chromosomes in Grapes
Authors: Martens Mary-Howell R. , Reisch Bruce I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various procedures were compared to identify a technique that would produce clear countable chromosomes in grape (Vitis L.) root tip squashes. Harvesting roots at 1100 hr from greenhouse-grown plants, pretreating with 0.02 m 8-hydroxyquinoline at 18°C for 6 hr, fixing in Farmer's Fluid at 26° for 24 hr, hydrolyzing in 1 n HCl at 60° for 1 hr, and staining with an altered form of carbol fuchsin gave the best results.
Computerized Individual-nutrient Fertilizer Injector: The System
Authors: Bauerle W. , Short T. , Mora E. , Hoffman S. , Nantais T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Ohio State Univ. Computerized Individual-nutrient Fertilizer Injection System is being developed to give greenhouse growers the ability to control precisely the concentration of individual nutrients delivered to plants (Fig. 1). This system allows for changes of individual nutrients as dictated by growing conditions.
Fabric Plant Covers as an Aid in Muskmelon Breeding
Authors: Ng Timothy J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants primarily are pollinated by honey bees (5) and naturally pollinated fruits contain highly varying percentages of self-pollinated seed (3, 8). Muskmelon breeders often rely on controlled hand pollinations for making out-crosses and self-pollinations in the field; natural pollinators must be excluded from perfect or pistillate flowers until fruit set has occurred. If fruits are set from natural pollination, they often are removed since the presence of fruits on a plant may suppress subsequent fruit set (4).
‘Southern Blush’ Anthurium
Authors: Henny R. J. , Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum are grown for production of cut flowers because of their large and showy spathes, which occur in shades of red, orange, pink, or white. Most A. andraeanum have been bred for large spathes, which may reach 0.25 m in length and 0.16 m in width. However, their long petioles and large leaves are not in good proportion for growing as a pot plant. Since A. andraeanum can be grown under the same cultural conditions as ornamental foliage plants, attempts were made to produce hybrids suitable for use as potted ‘flowering’ foliage plants.
‘Aross Central Park’ Chinese Elm
Authors: Karnosky David F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) is an attractive, medium-sized ornamental tree with excellent urban-hardiness and pest resistance. Introduced into cultivation in the late 1700s, this species is commonly grown in parks, lawns, and streetside locations in the southern United States and California. There have been only three Chinese elm cultivars selected in this country (1, 2). Nurserymen have expressed their desire to find a Chinese elm with an increased level of cold hardiness so that the species could be used in cities in the northern United States. The ‘Aross Central Park’ Chinese elm is cold hardy to zone 6 (Arnold Arboretum hardiness zones) and will grow in protected areas in zone 5. Thus, it is the most cold hardy Chinese elm available.
‘Ohio 8243’ Processing Tomato
Authors: Berry Stanley Z. , Gould Wilbur A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 8243’ is a main season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) adapted for machine harvest and bulk handling and exhibits processing quality especially suitable for the production of peeled, coreless whole-canned tomatoes (whole-pack), as well as for juice and sauce. Extensive test acreages have been grown by the mid-western and eastern U.S. and Canadian tomato processing industries. The new cultivar has been well received by growers and processors and its use is increasing.
Sensitivity of Seed Germination of Amaryllis to Light and Temperature
Authors: Carpenter William J. , Ostmark Eric R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amaryllis, (Hippeastrum × hybridum Hort.) seed germination was light-independent, but temperature influenced the germination rate. Constant 25°C promoted higher total germination (86%), fewer days (8.3) to germinate, and a shorter span of days (4.3) than other constant temperatures or alternating temperatures of 25°–30°, 20°–30°, 15°–25°, 25°–35°, or 15°–35°. Exposures to 10° or 40° for 1 to 3 days during various seed germination phases reduced germination by 14% to 23% and delayed radicle emergence, but 40° for 1 to 3 days caused larger reductions in germination than comparable durations at 10°. Exposure of seeds to 10° or 40° between days 2 and 4 caused the largest reductions in total germination.
Comparison of Paclobutrazol Tablets, Drenches, Gels, Capsules, and Sprays on Chrysanthemum Growth
Authors: Sanderson Kennath C. , Martin Willis C. , McGuire John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol drenches were more effective in retarding chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Charm’) plant height than paclobutrazol incorporated in plaster-of-paris tablets, injected hydrogels, and gelatin capsules applied at the same rate (0.5 mg a.i./15-cm pot) in three experiments. Capsules containing paclobutrazol also controlled plant height effectively in all three experiments. Drenches consistently reduced plant area, whereas a 50-ppm paclobutrazol spray did not. Paclobutrazol tablets, gels, and capsules reduced plant area in two of three experiments. Drenches were the only treatment to reduce flower number per plant. Chemical name used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Application of Poultry Manure Influences Thompson Seedless Grape Production and Soil Properties
Authors: Bhangoo Mahendra S. , Day Kenneth S. , Sudanagunta Venkateswara R. , Petrucci Vincent E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Raw and composted poultry manure application rates of 0, 4.5, and 9.0 t·ha–1 in a ‘Thompson Seedless’ grape (Vitis vinifera S.) vineyard on a Ramona sandy loam (Typic Haploxeralfs) were studied for 3 years (1984–1986). Manure was side-dressed on both sides of vine rows and incorporated in the top 0.1 m of soil in November each year. Petioles of the recently matured leaves at bloom, veraison, and maturity were taken (1985–1986) for NO3-N, P, and K determination. Soil samples to 0.3 m depth were taken in 1986 to evaluate soil properties. Fruit yield and quality increased over the control with manure applications. The response to the 4.5 and 9.0 t·ha–1 rates was similar. In 1985 and 1986 berry yield increased 26% and 61%, respectively, over the control. Berry size (1986), cluster numbers per vine (1985–1986), and cluster weight (1986) increased with applied manure. Raisin quality in 1986 improved linearly (r = 0.93) with manure rates. Petiole NO3-N (1984–1986), P, and K contents (1986) increased with applied manure over the control. Soil pH decreased with the 9.0 t·ha–1 rate. Soil available P, exchangeable K, NO3-N, and organic matter content and water infiltration rate increased with manure application. Manure at 4.5 t·ha–1 was as effective as 9.0 t·ha–1 in increasing fruit yield and quality. Manure type was not a significant factor.
K and N Fertilization Rates Influence Susceptibility of Trickle-irrigated Tomato Plants to Bacterial Spot
Authors: Jones J. B. , Stanley C. D. , Csizinszky A. A. , Kovach S. P. , McGuire R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted over three seasons to determine the effect of N and K on susceptibility of tomato to bacterial spot. A factorial randomized complete block design consisting of four rates of N (167, 334, 501, and 668 kg·ha–1) and three rates of K (334, 668, and 1335 kg·ha–1) were used. Liquid fertilizer was injected via trickle irrigation. Increasing N rates reduced disease severity, whereas the effect of increasing K was inconsistent from season to season. The concentration of N in leaf tissue showed a significant negative correlation with disease severity, whereas the concentration of Ca in leaf tissue exhibited significant positive correlation with disease severity and negative correlation with N rate during two seasons of data collection.
Influence of pH on Cadmium and Zinc Concentrations of Cucumber Grown in Sewage Sludge
Authors: Falahi-Ardakani Ali , Corey Kenneth A. , Gouin Francis R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘La Reine’) plants were grown in the greenhouse in containers filled with equal parts by volume of peatmoss and vermiculite blended with 0%, 25%, or 50% by volume compost made from ferric-chloride-precipitated, lime-stabilized, digested sewage sludge composted with wood-chips and amended with various rates of sulfur. The Cd concentration of leaf and fruit samples from plants grown in media amended with 25% or 50% compost and S at 0, 10, 20, or 40 g·liter–1 was unaffected by changes in pH from 7.2 to 3.4. However, Zn concentration in fruit samples from plants grown in media amended with 25% compost and S at 40 g·liter–1 increased relative to other rates of S, whereas Zn concentration of leaf tissue was unaffected by rate of S application. Yield of fruit was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. Cucumber plants can be grown successfully in media amended with as much as 50% composted sewage sludge low in heavy metal content and over a wide range of pH values without the accumulation of fruit Cd levels hazardous to human health.
Influence of Fertigation Systems on the Development of Urea Hydrolytic Activity in Soilless Potting Media
Authors: Elliott George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ureolytic activity was evaluated in uncropped soilless potting media and in media that had been cropped for 4 to 12 weeks with subirrigation or drip fertigation systems in two sequential experiments. Space heating and root-zone heating treatments were compared in one of these experiments. Higher rates of urea hydrolysis tended to develop with drip fertigation than with subirrigation. Increased media temperatures during cropping were associated with increased urea hydrolysis rates. Ureolytic activity was not consistently affected by length of cropping. Interactions of media, fertigation system, and length of cropping indicate the complexity of the development of ureolytic activity in soilless potting media.