bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact algorithms for the product configuration problem
Authors: Bogue Eduardo T. , Maciel Lucas , Noronha Thiago F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA software product line (SPL) is a software engineering reusability approach used to create different applications from a shared set of common software features. The product configuration problem (PCP) consists in finding the product, among all the products allowed by the SPL, that best fits the customer's preferences and requirements. PCP is a generalization of the tree knapsack problem (TKP) with additional AND, XOR, and OR constraints. Therefore, this problem is also NP‐hard. Previous work in the literature could solve only instances with up to 500 features. In this paper, we propose a pseudo‐polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm that solves PCP in , where n is the number of features and H is the customer's budget. We also propose an integer linear programming formulation for PCP, which is solved by the CPLEX's branch‐and‐bound algorithm. Computational experiments, performed on realistic instances from the literature, showed that the proposed algorithms were able to find optimal solutions for all the instances with up to 10,000 features.
Phase equilibria of MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 system at 1600°C in air: Emphasis on pseudobrookite and spinel solid solution phases
Authors: Qiu Yuchao , Shi Junjie , Yu Bin , Hou Changle , Dong Jingjing , Li Song , Zhai Yumo , Li Jianzhong , Liu Changsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe recycling of titanium from titania‐bearing slag is an important part of the circular economy; however, the yield of titania is restricted due to the lack of fundamental thermodynamic data. In the present work, the equilibrium phase relations of MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 system in air at 1600°C have been determined using a high‐temperature equilibration‐quenching technique followed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. Ti4+ was confirmed as the stable valence of titanium, and the rutile and spinel solid solution phases were detected to be coexisting with pseudobrookite solid solution phase, respectively. The formation principles of pseudobrookite and spinel solid solutions were confirmed in view of the corresponding crystal structure and the composition substitution relationship of the oxides at 1600°C. However, great discrepancies were found from the comparison of the present experimental results with the thermodynamic calculations and the literature results, and the present equilibrium phase relations are therefore significant for updating the present titania related thermodynamic database for a superior prediction of the thermodynamic behaviors of relevant process.
Contextual factors influencing patients' experiences of acute deterioration and medical emergency team (MET) encounter: A grounded theory study
Authors: Chung Catherine , McKenna Lisa , Cooper Simon J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis paper explores the personal, social and structural factors that influence patients' experiences of acute deterioration and medical emergency team (MET) encounter.BackgroundPatient experience is recognized as a means of assessing healthcare delivery with a positive experience being linked to high‐quality healthcare, improved patient safety and reduced length of stay. The experience of acute deterioration is unique, extensive and complex. However, little is known about this experience from the patient's perspective.DesignConstructivist grounded theory, informed by Kathy Charmaz, was used to explore the personal, social and structural factors that influence patients' experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter.MethodsUsing a semi‐structured interview guide, in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with 27 patients from three healthcare services in Victoria, Australia. Data were collected over a 12‐month period from 2018 to 2019. Interview data were analysed using grounded theory processes.FindingsContextual factors exert a powerful influence on patients' experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter. The most significant factors identified include patients' expectations and illness perception, relationship with healthcare professionals during MET call and past experiences of acute illness. The expectations and perceptions patients had about their disease can condition their overall experience. Healthcare professional–patient interactions can significantly impact quality of care, patient experience and recovery. Patients' experiences of illness and healthcare can impact a person's future health‐seeking behaviour and health status.ConclusionPatients' actions and processes about their experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter are the result of the complex interface of contextual factors.ImpactThe findings from this study have highlighted the need for revised protocols for screening and management of patients who experience acute deterioration.
Consequences of specialized breeding in the Swedish Warmblood horse population
Authors: Bonow Sandra , Eriksson Susanne , Thorén Hellsten Emma , Gelinder Viklund Åsa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many European warmblood studbooks, clear specialization toward either jumping or dressage horses is evident. The Swedish Warmblood (SWB) is also undergoing such specialization, creating a possible need for separate breeding programs and a discipline‐specific Young Horse Test (YHT). This study investigated how far specialization of the SWB breed has proceeded and the potential consequences. Individuals in a population of 122,054 SWB horses born between 1980 and 2020 were categorized according to pedigree as jumping (J), dressage (D), allround (AR), or thoroughbred (Th). Data on 8,713 J horses and 6,477 D horses assessed for eight traits in YHT 1999–2020 were used to estimate genetic parameters within and between J and D horses and between different periods. Future scenarios in which young horses are assessed for either jumping or dressage traits at YHT were also analyzed. More than 80% of horses born in 1980–1985 were found to be AR horses, while 92% of horses born in 2016–2020 belonged to a specialized category. The average relationship within J or D category was found to increase during the past decade, whereas the relationship between these categories decreased. Heritability estimates for gait traits were 0.42–0.56 for D horses and 0.25–0.38 for J horses. For jumping traits, heritability estimates were 0.17–0.26 for J horses and 0.10–0.18 for D horses. Genetic correlations between corresponding traits assessed in J and D horses were within the range 0.48–0.81, with a tendency to be lower in the late study period. In the future scenarios, heritability and genetic variance both decreased for traits that were not assessed in all horses, indicating that estimation of breeding value and genetic progress for these traits could be affected by a specialized YHT. However, ranking of sires based on estimated breeding values (EBVs) and accuracy of EBVs was only slightly altered for discipline‐specific traits. With continued specialization in SWB, specialization of the YHT should thus be considered.
United in Crisis: Abortion Politics in the European Parliament and Political Groups' Disputes over EU Values
Authors: Berthet Valentine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSafe and legal access to abortion is precondition for gender equality. Yet, in many EU Member States they remain controversial, endangered or absent. Recently, the European Parliament passed a resolution articulating a defence for a right to abortion in the EU: the Matić resolution. Via an analysis of debates and parliamentary processes around the resolution, this article analyses the different discursive constructions of a right to abortion within the EP by political groups, the different meanings attributed to EU values during abortion debates, and the impact of these constructions on gender equality policymaking in the EP. It found that internal attacks on abortion were increasingly constructed as alien to EU values despite efforts by opponents to reframe such values. Although EU values are undefined, attempts to renegotiate a common EU identity around shared values, even symbolically, are possible because they are dynamic and prone to facilitating unity during crises.
Lack of alignment across yeast‐dependent life‐history traits may limit Drosophila melanogaster dietary specialization
Authors: Wang Xiaocui , Billeter Jean‐Christophe , Maan Martine E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeterogeneity in food resources is a major driver of local adaptation and speciation. Dietary specialization typically involves multiple life‐history traits and may thus be limited by the extent to which these traits adapt in concert. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster, representing an intermediate state in the generalist‐specialist continuum, to explore the scope for dietary specialization. D. melanogaster has a close association with yeast, an essential but heterogeneous food resource. We quantify how different D. melanogaster strains from around the globe respond to different yeast species, across multiple yeast‐dependent life‐history traits including feeding, mating, egg‐laying, egg development and survival. We find that D. melanogaster strains respond to different yeast species in different ways, indicating distinct fly strain–yeast interactions. However, we detect no evidence for trade‐offs: fly performance tends to be positively rather than negatively correlated across yeast species. We also find that the responses to different yeast species are not aligned across traits: different life‐history traits are maximized on different yeast species. Finally, we confirm that D. melanogaster is a resource generalist: it can grow, reproduce and survive on all the yeast species we tested. Together, these findings provide a possible explanation for the limited extent of dietary specialization in D. melanogaster.
Cross‐kingdom transcriptomic trends in the evolution of hybrid gene expression
Authors: Behling Anna H. , Winter David J. , Ganley Austen R. D. , Cox Murray P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybridization is a route to speciation that occurs widely across the eukaryote tree of life. The success of allopolyploids (hybrid species with increased ploidy) and homoploid hybrids (with unchanged ploidy) is well documented. However, their formation and establishment is not straightforward, with a suite of near‐instantaneous and longer term biological repercussions faced by the new species. Central to these challenges is the rewiring of gene regulatory networks following the merger of distinct genomes inherited from both parental species. Research on the evolution of hybrid gene expression has largely involved studies on a single hybrid species or a few gene families. Here, we present the first standardized transcriptome‐wide study exploring the fates of genes following hybridization across three kingdoms: animals, plants and fungi. Within each kingdom, we pair an allopolyploid system with a closely related homoploid hybrid to decouple the influence of increased ploidy from genome merger. Genome merger, not changes in ploidy, has the greatest effect on posthybridization expression patterns across all study systems. Strikingly, we find that differentially expressed genes in parent species preferentially switch to more similar expression in hybrids across all kingdoms, likely as a consequence of regulatory trans‐acting cross‐talk within the hybrid nucleus. We also highlight the prevalence of gene loss or silencing among extremely differentially expressed genes in hybrid species across all kingdoms. These shared patterns suggest that the evolutionary process of hybridization leads to common high‐level expression outcomes, regardless of the particular species or kingdom.
Deep structure, long‐distance migration and admixture in the colour polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis
Authors: Ramos‐Gonzalez Daniel , Saenko Suzanne V. , Davison Angus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough snails of the genus Cepaea have historically been important in studying colour polymorphism, an ongoing issue is that there is a lack of knowledge of the underlying genetics of the polymorphism, as well as an absence of genomic data to put findings in context. We, therefore, used phylogenomic methods to begin to investigate the post‐glacial history of Cepaea nemoralis, with a long‐term aim to understand the roles that selection and drift have in determining both European‐wide and local patterns of colour polymorphism. By combining prior and new mitochondrial DNA data from over 1500 individuals with ddRAD genomic data from representative individuals across Europe, we show that patterns of differentiation are primarily due to multiple deeply diverged populations of snails. Minimally, there is a widespread Central European population and additional diverged groups in Northern Spain, the Pyrenees, as well as likely Italy and South Eastern Europe. The genomic analysis showed that the present‐day snails in Ireland and possibly some other locations are likely descendants of admixture between snails from the Pyrenees and the Central European group, an observation that is consistent with prior inferences from mitochondrial DNA alone. The interpretation is that C. nemoralis may have arrived in Ireland via long‐distance migration from the Pyrenean region, subsequently admixing with arrivals from elsewhere. This work, therefore, provides a baseline expectation for future studies on the genetics of the colour polymorphism, as well as providing a comparator for similar species.
Director reputational penalties when shareholders disapprove of executive compensation
Authors: Badgett Mary Elizabeth , Brunarski Kelly R. , Colin Campbell T. , Harman Yvette S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate the reputational consequences for directors of firms that receive a low‐support Say‐on‐Pay (SOP) vote. These affected directors face a significantly greater likelihood of losing board seats, both at the voting firm and in the external labor market. However, penalties are not equal for all directors. Directors who serve on compensation committees and at firms with high chief executive officer pay suffer internal penalties. Both internal and external penalties affect directors of low‐support firms with high executive entrenchment. Compensation committee members serving low‐support firms are more likely to receive a negative reelection recommendation from Institutional Shareholder Services and fewer votes for reelection, at both voting and external firms. We provide the first evidence of external labor market penalties when directors fail to align executive compensation contracting with shareholder preferences. Our findings suggest that nonbinding SOP votes provide shareholders with a mechanism to influence director incentives and, therefore, executive compensation.
Experimental and numerical analysis of thermodynamic performance of microwave dryer of onion
Authors: Beigi Mohsen , Harchegani Hossein Beigi , Torki Mehdi , Kaveh Mohammad , Szymanek Mariusz , Khalife Esmail , Dziwulska‐Hunek Agata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study was designed for the experimental and modeling investigations on thermodynamic analysis of drying onion slices using four microwave power levels (100, 350, 500, and 750 W) and the four samples thicknesses (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mm). A multilayer feedforward artificial neural network was employed in order to predict energy and exergy performance of the dryer and the prediction success were compared using three evaluation criteria. The average values for energy efficiency and specific energy loss ranged from 13.52% to 37.94% and from 1.35 to 7.43 MJ/kgwater, respectively. Findings showed that the exergy efficiency changed from 11.79% to 30.84%. In addition, the statistical analysis revealed that higher microwave power levels and the thinner samples significantly (p < .05) enhanced both the energy and exergy efficiencies. The obtained results for exergy improvement potential (accounted for 37.83%–69.41% from the total exergy inlet) indicated that the drying process has good potential for exergy performance improvement. Based on the modeling outcomes, the energy efficiency was well predicted by an artificial neural network with a topology of 3–18–18–1 and LM training algorithm and threshold function of Tan–Tan–Lin. However, the best topology for the exergy efficiency prediction had 3–20–16–1 structure, LM training algorithm and Log–Log–Lin transfer function (R2 of .94).Practical ApplicationsIn this study, onion slices were dried in a domestic microwave oven and the influence of the power level and thickness of the samples on energy and exergy parameters was investigated. In addition to experimental evaluation, the multi‐layer feed‐forward neural network can be used to model and predict changes in energy efficiency and exergy during the process.
Word finding, prosody and social cognition in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yap Siew Mei , Davenport Laura , Cogley Clodagh , Craddock Fiona , Kennedy Alex , Gaughan Maria , Kearney Hugh , Tubridy Niall , De Looze Céline , O’Keeffe Fiadhnait , Reilly Richard B. , McGuigan Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundImpairments in speech and social cognition have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), although their relationships with neuropsychological outcomes and their clinical utility in MS are unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate word finding, prosody and social cognition in pwMS relative to healthy controls (HC).MethodsWe recruited people with relapsing MS (RMS, n = 21), progressive MS (PMS, n = 24) and HC (n = 25) from an outpatient MS clinic. Participants completed a battery of word‐finding, social cognitive, neuropsychological and clinical assessments and performed a speech task for prosodic analysis.ResultsOf 45 pwMS, mean (SD) age was 49.4 (9.4) years, and median (range) Expanded Disability Severity Scale score was 3.5 (1.0–6.5). Compared with HC, pwMS were older and had slower information processing speed (measured with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) and higher depression scores. Most speech and social cognitive measures were associated with information processing speed but not with depression. Unlike speech, social cognition consistently correlated with intelligence and memory. Visual naming test mean response time (VNT‐MRT) demonstrated worse outcomes in MS versus HC (p = .034, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 65.0%), and in PMS versus RMS (p = .009, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 50.2%). Rapid automatised object naming demonstrated worse outcomes in MS versus HC (p = .014, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 49.1%). These word‐finding measures showed larger effect sizes than that of the SDMT (MS vs. HC, p = .010, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 40.6%; PMS vs. RMS, p = .023, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 43.5%). Prosody and social cognition did not differ between MS and HC.ConclusionsWord finding, prosody and social cognition in MS are associated with information processing speed and largely independent of mood. Impairment in visual object meaning perception is potentially a unique MS disease‐related deficit that could be further explored and cautiously considered as an adjunct disability metric for MS.
Ocean and land grabbing in Ghana's offshore petroleum industry: From the agrarian question to the question of industrialization
Authors: Ayelazuno Jasper Abembia , Ovadia Jesse Salah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGhana's petroleum industry is located several nautical miles offshore in the Western Region of the country. Yet, the mechanisms and processes of production and transportation of crude petroleum are accompanied by the dispossessing of the adjoining coastal communities of their means of (re)production both on the ocean and on land. Although the insights of agrarian political economy have been deployed fruitfully to analyse land grabs in Africa, similar efforts are rare when it comes to ocean grabs. With reference to the new development thinking on the ocean economy—or ‘blue economy’—as the new frontier of resource‐based industrialization in Africa, we re‐frame the agrarian question and apply it to the offshore petroleum industry, expanding agrarian political‐economic theory of industrialization beyond its traditional confines of land and agriculture. Our paper makes two main theoretical contributions. First, it contributes to efforts in agrarian political economy to incorporate the ocean and fisheries. Second, we contribute a fresh theoretical framework for analysing offshore petroleum industries and their potential to contribute to industrialization in Africa.
Effects of telehealth‐assisted interventions for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Schorr Erica , Porta Carolyn M. , Batubara Sakti Oktaria , Lee Bih‐O 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth‐assisted interventions have been used as secondary prevention measures in cardiac rehabilitation, especially for the delivery of information between healthcare service providers and patients. However, as the application of this intervention modality broadens, investigation of its effects in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is necessary.AimsTo identify the effectiveness of telehealth‐assisted interventions for secondary prevention of CVD.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThe PRISMA protocol was used to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. The full text of articles was obtained from six databases for the period from database establishment to 25 November 2021. To assess the methodological quality of the studies reviewed, the updated Cochrane risk‐of‐bias checklist for randomised trials was employed. A meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model to calculate the pooled effects of telehealth‐assisted interventions for secondary CVD prevention.ResultsThe final analysis included 4012 individuals from 18 different trials. Telehealth‐assisted interventions were shown to improve medication adherence (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.59) and reduce depression (SMD: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.46 to −0.10).ConclusionsTelehealth‐assisted interventions appear to improve adherence to medication and reduce depression of individuals with CVD. These intervention strategies could be offered to both healthcare providers and individuals with CVD as an option in delivering and facilitating the use of health services to improve health behaviours and overall outcomes. Furthermore, this study may be used as guidance for future research to provide an appropriate plan of care for this population.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings imply that the delivery of care remotely via telehealth‐assisted interventions for secondary prevention of CVD is beneficial in improving CVD survivors' health and access to healthcare services.Trial registrationThe International Prospective Register of Systematic Review: (PROSPERO): CRD 42021290111.
A review on drawdown risk measures and their implications for risk management
Authors: Geboers Hans , Depaire Benoît , Annaert Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs highlighted by the recent market turmoil following COVID‐19, markets can experience significant retracements or drawdowns. While these recent market moves have definitely been large, significant drawdowns have been around since the start of financial markets. Various risk metrics such as Value at Risk and volatility are used to describe risk. The intuitive drawdown risk measure, which is often used in practice alongside the above metrics, is receiving more and more academic attention. In this article we provide a systematic review of the literature on the drawdown risk measures. We describe two different methodologies for calculating drawdowns and analyze drawdown based risk measures used in risk management, portfolio construction and optimization. Finally we discuss the statistical properties related to drawdowns. Based on the research done so far, we identify several areas for further research.