bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Çocukluk çağı Brusellozunda Hematolojik Bulgular: Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusundan bir analiz
Authors: SAL Ertan , AKIN Selçuk 
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Bruselloz Türkiye’de endemik bir zoonozdur. Çocuklarda brusellozun hematolojik bulguları hakkında sınırlı veri mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada çocukluk çağı brusellozunun hematolojik bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntemler: Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusundaki bir hastanenin çocuk hematoloji polikliniğine sitopeni nedeniyle sevk edilen ve bruselloz tanısı alan hastaların tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 9.2±3.7 yıl (yaş aralığı: 3-14) olan 17 hasta alındı. Hastalar çoğunlukla erkek (n=11, %64,7) idi. Ateş ve eklemlerde ağrı en sık başvuru yakınmalarıydı (sırasıyla n=9, %52,9 ve n=6, %35,3). En sık görülen hematolojik bulgu 11 hastada (%64,7) anemi iken, bunu sırasıyla 10 hastada (%58,8) trombositopeni ve beş hastada (%29,4) lökopeni izliyordu. Pansitopeni üç hastada (3/17, %17,6) saptandı. Ortanca hemoglobin düzeyi, trombosit sayısı ve lökosit sayısı sırasıyla, 10.8 g/dL (IQR 9.5-12.8), 148×109/L (IQR 117-167) ve 5.4 ×109/L (IQR 3.9-7.2) idi. Altı hastada C-reaktif protein (CRP) (6/9, %66,6) ve beş hastada ferritin (5/14, %35,7) yüksekliği saptandı. Sadece iki hastada alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) yüksekliği bulundu (2/16, %12,5). Hastaların ortanca serum Brusella aglütinasyon titresi 1:1280 (IQR 320-1280) idi. Hiçbir hastada hastaneye yatışı gerektirecek bir komplikasyon gelişmedi ve hepsine altı hafta süreli kombine antibiyotik tedavisi verildi. Tedavinin dördüncü haftasında hematolojik anormalliklerin düzeldiği görüldü.
Sonuç: Bruselloza bağlı hematolojik bulgular genellikle ciddi değildir ve sadece bruselloz için verilen antibiyotik tedavisi ile tam iyileşme sağlanabilmektedir.
Production of Glucose Syrup and Energy Bar from Blends of Malted Sorghum and Cocoyam Flour
Authors: Attaugwu R. N. , Anyadioha J. I. , Obuagbaka W. A. 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective: Roots and tuber crops such as Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), yam (Dioscorea alata), taro (Colocasia esculenta) etc are highly grown in tropical Africa and processed into staples such as garri, fufu, lafun etc. which only bring marginal income to the farmers. Reports showed that these tubers may be used as novel substitutes for industrial production of glucose syrups, modified starches and malto dextrins etc. This study evaluated the potentials of using cocoyam flour and malted sorghum in making glucose syrup and the application of the glucose syrup in energy bars production as sweetener.
Materials and methods: The cocoyam cormels were processed into flour while sorghum grains were malted and milled into flour. Glucose syrup was produced from cocoyam and malted sorghum flours mixed at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 respectively. The energy bars were produced using a composite of cocoyam flour and malted sorghum at the same ratio with the glucose syrup. The glucose syrup was used as sweetener. The products were evaluated for proximate; functional and sensory properties. Data obtained were analyzed statistically.
Results: The results showed that the glucose syrups had dextrose equivalent 26.36-36.64%; brix0 15.05 -16.35; energy bars calorific value 364.35-367.065 kJ/100g. The sensory evaluation showed that the energy bars performed satisfactorily as rated by the panel in taste and overall acceptability.
Conclusion: Based on the result, cocoyam flour could be usefully employed in production of glucose syrup and further applied as sweetener in the production of biscuits and energy bars.
Comparism of Microscopy and Molecular Diagnosis of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Cattles in Makurdi Benue Nigeria
Authors: Simon Atsuwe Terese , Ugochukwu Obisike Victor , John Udo Edidiong 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Makurdi, is the capital city of Benue State, the food basket of the Nigeria, the city challenged with Ehrlichia ruminantium of cattle that are responsible for severe losses caused either by negative impact of ticks blood loss or blood related infections, damage to hides and others.
Aim: This study was designed to identify and Characterize Ehrlichia ruminantium of Cattle within Makurdi Nigeria using microscopy and molecular techniques (PCR).
Methodology: Blood sample were collected from a total of 432 cattle of both sexes and analyzed microscopically using thin blood film and DNA examination was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tick-borne pathogens were identified and characterized by PCR amplification using species specific primer of 16s rRNA for Ehrlichia. Data obtained were analyzed using chi square, t-test and P values at less than 0.05 were considered significantly different.
Results: The result of comparison of prevalence of infection of haeomoparasite using microscopy and PCR revealed that, microscopy was not able to detect Ehrlichia while PCR yielded at percentage of 15%, Ehrlichia prevalence. The percentage of prevalence of haemoparasite was highly detected by PCR than microscopy and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle have been seen to be prevalent in Makurdi metropolis and molecular method such as PCR can effectively diagnose the infection.
Impact of Comorbid Conditions in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Touseef , Hussain Toqeer , Arif Maryem , Iqbal Nadeem , Khoso Zubair Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

In 2019, an outbreak known as SARS-CoV-2 spread all over the World from China city Wuhan. This epidemic rapidly spread throughout the world from that day, affecting 180 nations. Individuals of all ages were involved in this outbreak, and this spread at a high rate. COVID-19 is thought to lead to death due to its increasingly fast and severe course in people with serious health issues and complications. In this paper the impact of comorbid condition in COVID-19 treatment was investigated. To conduct an automated literature review, statistical information from published articles was gathered between January 20 and April 20, 2020. Immunocompromised patients might be more prone to acquire COVID-19 compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, people with dementia, those 65 years and above, who had comorbidities and COVID-19 had more chance of getting admitted to ICU and dying. That is why immunocompromised patients need more care and attention so that they might not be affected by this outbreak, which may lead to their death.
The Synergy of Biomimetic Design Strategies for Tissue Constructs
Authors: Haag Hannah , Dalton Paul D. , Bloemen Veerle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe regeneration and repair of complex structures, interfaces, and mechanical properties present in natural tissues remains a challenge. To move beyond simplified tissue engineered constructs, nature is a source of inspiration for complex, hierarchical scaffold designs. Recent advances in additive manufacturing allow for increasingly complex fabrication of architectures that better mimic the multiscale structure‐function relationship found in natural tissues. In this review, scaffold‐based and scaffold‐free approaches and the synergistic use of fabrication technologies (two things make a third) to produce more biomimetic implants are described. Recent advanced scaffold designs such as auxetic mechanical metamaterials and induced fibrillar alignment are highlighted. Next, the pre‐programmed assembly of spheroids, tissue strands, and other modular building blocks without the need for permanent exogenous scaffold support are discussed. Furthermore, the application of hybridized manufacturing processes to fabricate hierarchical functional constructs is outlined for the osteochondral unit, vascular grafts, and peripheral nerves.
Active Ferromagnetic Metasurface with Topologically Protected Spin Texture for Spectral Filters
Authors: Yu Haiming , Chen Jilei , Cros Vincent , Bortolotti Paolo , Wang Hanchen , Guo Chenyang , Brandl Florian , Heimbach Florian , Han Xiufeng , Anane Abdelmadjid , Grundler Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic metasurfaces modulate a material's response to electromagnetic waves by specifically arranged elements with dimensions below the wavelength. They have opened new fields of research, including flat optics and nanophotonics on a chip. Ferromagnetic metasurfaces could become the building blocks for manipulation of both microwaves and spin waves (magnons). So far, the functionality of magnonic devices has been limited by high intrinsic damping of the materials employed, suppressing long‐distance spin‐wave propagation. Here ferromagnetic metasurfaces are reported, which are created from periodic arrays of either 15 nm thick Co20Fe60B20, Ni80Fe20 or Co nanodisks on ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) hosting topologically protected vortex states. This device, a reconfigurable spectral filter, operates in the microwave regime near 0.9 GHz and manipulates long‐distance spin‐wave transmission in thin YIG. An efficiency of 98.5% is demonstrated, with the metasurface covering only 15% of the microwave antenna. This first demonstration of a ferromagnetic metasurface opens unprecedented possibilities for on‐chip control of microwaves in low‐damping ferrimagnetic insulators.
Ultrathin Metallic NbS2 Nanosheets with Unusual Intercalation Mechanism for Ultra‐Stable Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Shen Yiheng , Lv Fan , Zhang Weiyu , Lin Fangxu , Zhang Wenshu , Wang Kai , Luo Heng , Wang Qian , Yang Huai , Guo Shaojun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show great potential as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and relatively low working potential. However, usually the conversion mechanism seriously hinders the long‐term cycle stability for PIBs due to the huge structural change. Herein, the synthesis of a class of ultrathin metallic 2H‐phase NbS2 nanosheets with large expanded interlayer spacing of 0.65 nm and high conductivity for boosting the potassium ion storage is reported. It is demonstrated that the as‐prepared NbS2 nanosheets show an unexpected intercalation mechanism for potassium ion storage, which is conceptually different from the well‐known intercalation‐conversion mechanism of typical TMDs. As a consequence, the ultrathin NbS2 nanosheets deliver superior rate capability (205.5 mAh g−1 at ultrahigh current density of 10 A g−1) and outstanding long‐term cycling performance (169.5 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 4000 cycles with a very low decay rate of 0.005% per cycle), representing the most stable TMD‐based anode materials for PIBs. Ex situ measurements and first‐principles calculations disclose and interpret that NbS2 nanosheets store potassium ions through only the intercalation mechanism without any conversion reaction taking place in the potassiation/depotassiation process, which highly improves the structural stability of electrode materials, hence promoting the long‐term cycle performance.
Electrically and Magnetically Tunable Valley Polarization in Monolayer MoSe2 Proximitized by a 2D Ferromagnetic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Tongyao , Zhao Siwen , Wang Anran , Xiong Zhiren , Liu Yingjia , Xi Ming , Li Songlin , Lei Hechang , Han Zheng Vitto , Wang Fengqiu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emergence of atomically thin valleytronic semiconductors and 2D ferromagnetic materials is opening up new technological avenues for future information storage and processing. A key fundamental challenge is to identify physical knobs that may effectively manipulate the spin‐valley polarization, preferably in the device context. Here, a novel spin functional device that exhibits both electrical and magnetic tunability is fabricated, by contacting a monolayer MoSe2 with a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2Ge2Te6. Remarkably, the valley‐polarization of MoSe2 is found to be controlled by a back‐gate voltage with an appreciably enlarged valley splitting rate. At fixed gate voltages, the valley‐polarization exhibits magnetic‐field and temperature dependence that corroborates well with the intrinsic magnetic properties of Cr2Ge2Te6, pointing to the impact of magnetic exchange interactions. Due to the interfacial arrangement, the charge‐carrying trion photoemission predominates in the devices, which may be exploited to enable drift‐based spin‐optoelectronic devices. These results provide new insights into valley‐polarization manipulation in transition metal dichalcogenides by means of ferromagnetic semiconductor proximitizing and represent an important step forward in devising field‐controlled 2D magneto‐optoelectronic devices.
Liquid, Transparent, and Antideformable Thermochromic Photonic Crystals for Displays
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Dongpeng , Ma Dekun , Huang Shaoming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe conventional thermochromic photonic crystal (TPC) gels based on thermally responsive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamides) can switch their reflection signals at different temperatures by changing their lattice distances or order degree. However, these TPC gels exhibit a poor sensing range of temperature (ΔT < 30 °C) and poor antideformation properties, significantly limiting their applications. Here, a new type of liquid and transparent TPC is fabricated through assembling silica particles into the mixture of ethanol and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Different from the conventional TPCs, these liquid TPCs can reversibly alter their reflectance and brightness by temperatures based on the variation of the refractive index contrast (Δn). The liquid TPCs show 1) the unique “off/on” characteristics, 2) outstanding shapeable and antideformable properties, and 3) a large ΔT (80 °C), high sensitivity (reflectance: 0.46% °C−1), fast responsive speed (reflectance: ≈4.75% s−1), and good reversibility (>30 times). It is shown that these TPCs are ideal candidates for visual hot warning labels and temperature‐based display units. This work opens a new avenue for developing advanced stimulus‐responsive photonic materials and upgrades the basic understanding of the color tuning mechanisms.
Single Atom Selenium Substitution‐Mediated P‐Type Doping in Polythiophenes toward High‐Performance Organic Electronics and Thermoelectrics
Authors: Chen Chen , Jacobs Ian E. , Jellett Cameron , Jiao Xuechen , Ponder James F. , Kang Boseok , Lee Seon Baek , Huang Yuxuan , Zhang Lu , Statz Martin , Sun Yuanhui , Lin Yue , Kang Keehoon , She Xiaojian , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Tao , Jiang Lang , McNeill Christopher R. , McCulloch Iain , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeavy heteroatom substitution of the backbone is an effective strategy to improve molecular packing and charge delocalization in polymer semiconductors. Such a backbone modification also facilitates oxidative doping as a result of reduced ionization potential (IP). Here, the effect of single‐atom selenium substitution on doping and charge transport properties of a class of polythiophene copolymers is explored. The room temperature (RT) conductivities of the doped polymers are significantly enhanced by the selenium substitution for both molecular doping and ion exchange doping. The enhanced conduction is rationalized by the better crystallinity of the selenium‐containing system, which can be reinforced by a chain‐extended ribbon‐phase morphology induced by thermal annealing, which is robust toward doping. The resulting increase in the charge delocalization of the doped selenium‐containing system is evidenced by temperature‐dependent conductivities. In ion exchange doped films the maximum conductivity of ≈700 S cm−1 and a high thermoelectric (TE) power factor (PF) of 46.5 μW m−1 K−2 is achieved for the doped selenophene polymer and signatures of a metal‐insulator (M–I) transition are observed that are characteristics for heterogeneous conduction systems. The results show that single‐atom selenium substitution is an effective molecular design approach for improving the charge transport and TE properties of conjugated polymers.
Magnetic Actuation Enables Programmable Lithium Metal Engineering
Authors: Wu Wangyan , Song Zhenyou , Dai Yiming , Zheng Xueying , Chai Guangyu , Yang Jingbi , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLithium metal anodes may allow the energy density limit of rechargeable lithium batteries to be pushed higher. However, simple and efficient processing technologies for thin Li metal are lacking, which has significantly limited its applications. Herein, the feasibility of engineering Li metal by compositing it with ferromagnetic particles (termed magnetic Li, abbr. M‐Li) is reported. Due to its magnetic response, straightforward processing of M‐Li on diverse substrates with customized patterns and desired thickness is realized. Moreover, when a garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) is the substrate, intimate contact between M‐Li and LLZTO is obtained, with a low interfacial resistance of ≈11 Ω cm2. In addition to facilitating movement and wetting on various substrates, magnetic transfer of M‐Li sheets to designated locations is also enabled. The intriguing and brand‐new method for Li metal engineering via magnetic actuation may be adopted by the industrial system for the fabrication of Li metal batteries, extended to other alkali metals and promises further progress.
Converting Brownmillerite to Alternate Layers of Oxygen‐Deficient and Conductive Nano‐Sheets with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Hu Songbai , Han Wenqiao , Li Xiaowen , Ye Mao , Lu Yao , Jin Cai , Liu Qi , Wang Junling , He Jiaqing , Cazorla Claudio , Zhu Yuanmin , Chen Lang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroducing large oxygen deficiencies while retaining low resistivity is important for enhancing the overall thermoelectric properties in 3d transition‐metal oxides. In this study, a new synthesis route to reconstruct the insulating brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 is adapted. Through a step‐by‐step nano‐blocks modification, a series of highly‐conductive layered structures is evolved, which are [Sr2O2H2]0.5CoO2, [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2, and [Sr2CoO3]0.57CoO2, while still retaining considerable Seebeck coefficient (≈100 µV K−1). Coexistence of low resistivity and high oxygen deficiency is realized in the latter two polymorphs by forming a majority of sintered oxygen vacancies in the rock‐salt layer and a minority of normal oxygen vacancies in the CoO2 layer. A room‐temperature in‐plane power factor of 3.6 mW K−2 m−1, power output density of 4.5 W m−2 at a temperature difference of 28 K, and an out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.33 W K−1 m−1 are obtained in the [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2 thin film that exhibits the highest oxygen deficiency (δ = 2.95), which is on par with Bi2Te3, the benchmark. It is pointed out that proper distribution of oxygen vacancy is essential in tailoring the physical and chemical properties of transition‐metal oxides. The sintered/normal oxygen vacancy layer model provides guidance to the exploration of materials with both low electric resistivity and thermal conductivity.
Differential diagnoses of gallbladder tumors using CT‐based deep learning
Authors: Fujita Hiroaki , Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Nagase Hayato , Kanda Taishu , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe differential diagnosis between gallbladder cancer (GBC) and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) remains quite challenging, and can possibly lead to improper surgery. This study aimed to distinguish between XGC and GBC by combining computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning (DL) to maximize the therapeutic success of surgery.MethodsWe collected a dataset, including preoperative CT images, from 28 cases of GBC and 21 XGC patients undergoing surgery at our facility. It was subdivided into training and validation (n = 40), and test (n = 9) datasets. We built a CT patch‐based discriminating model using a residual convolutional neural network and employed 5‐fold cross‐validation. The discriminating performance of the model was analyzed in the test dataset.ResultsOf the 40 patients in the training dataset, GBC and XGC were observed in 21 (52.5%), and 19 (47.5%) patients, respectively. A total of 61 126 patches were extracted from the 40 patients. In the validation dataset, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 98.8%, 98.0%, and 98.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.9985. In the test dataset, which included 11 738 patches, the discriminating accuracy for GBC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (n = 3) was insufficient (61.8%). However, the discriminating model demonstrated high accuracy (98.2%) and AUC (0.9893) for cases other than those receiving NAC.ConclusionOur CT‐based DL model exhibited high discriminating performance in patients with GBC and XGC. Our study proposes a novel concept for selecting the appropriate procedure and avoiding unnecessary invasive measures.
f(R)$f(R)$‐Gravity Generated Post‐Inflationary Eras and Their Effect on Primordial Gravitational Waves
Authors: Oikonomou Vasilis K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work the effects of a geometrically generated post‐inflationary era on the energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves are considered. Specifically, a post‐inflationary constant equation of state era, generated by the synergistic effect of gravity and of radiation and matter perfect fluids shall be considered. Two cases of interest shall be studied, one with equation of state parameter , in which case the Universe neither accelerates nor decelerates, and one with so an early matter domination era. For the evaluation of the inflationary observational indices which is relevant for the calculation of the gravitational waves energy spectrum, the effects of the constant equation of state parameter era, on the e‐foldings number is also taken into account. In both the and cases, the energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves is amplified, but for the case, the effect is stronger.
Biosynthesis of Glidomides and Elucidation of Different Mechanisms for Formation of β‐OH Amino Acid Building Blocks
Authors: Chen Hanna , Zhong Lin , Zhou Haibo , Sun Tao , Zhong Guannan , Tu Qiang , Zhuang Yan , Bai Xianping , Wang Xingyan , Xu Jiaying , Xia Liqiu , Shen Yuemao , Zhang Youming , Bian Xiaoying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) can incorporate nonproteinogenic amino acids into peptidyl backbones to increase structural diversity. Genome mining of Schlegelella brevitalea led to the identification of a class of linear lipoheptapeptides, glidomides, featuring two unusual residues: threo‐β‐OH‐L‐His and threo‐β‐OH‐D‐Asp. The β‐hydroxylation of Asp and His is catalyzed by the nonheme FeII/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent β‐hydroxylases GlmD and GlmF, respectively. GlmD independently catalyzes the hydroxylation of L‐Asp to primarily produce threo‐β‐OH‐L‐Asp on the thiolation domain, and then undergoes epimerization to form threo‐β‐OH‐D‐Asp in the final products. However, β‐hydroxylation of His requires the concerted action of GlmF and the interface (I) domain, a novel condensation domain family clade. The key sites of I domain for interaction with GlmF were identified, suggesting that the mechanism for hydroxylation of His depends on the collaboration between hydroxylase and NRPS.