bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle
Authors: Bocheńska Joanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on a textual analysis of the selected works of two writers from Turkey, Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007) and Mehmet Dicle (b.1977), as well as interviews with Kurdish writers and folklore collectors, this study focuses on the links between Kurdish folklore and modern Kurdish literature. Following Gregory Ashcroft's take on heritage, I argue that Kurdish writers’ approach to folkloric motives has evolved through the impact of growing literary experience, inspiration from world literature and deepening knowledge of the Kurdish oral tradition. What is more, Kurdish literature can be treated as an example of cultural and language revitalization, which – according to Justyna Olko – is based on acting in and through the heritage language. Following Doreen Massey's concept of a progressive sense of place, I identify Uzun and Dicle's strategy as linking the local to the universal, suggesting that Kurdish literature should be analyzed within the context of a political geography beyond nationalism.
Undergraduate nursing and medical students’ perceptions of food security and access to healthy food in Qatar: a photovoice study
Authors: Al-Hamad Areej , MacNevin Shannan , Daher-Nashif Suhad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study explored nursing and medical students’ perceptions of food security, their access to healthy food and the circumstances that affect their access to healthy food in Qatar. The photovoice method was adopted in the present study. Students submitted their photos pertaining to food security and their access to healthy food in Qatar. Afterwards, the students completed an online synchronous semi-structured interview. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. After the data analysis, a focus group discussion was conducted for member checking. The present study is a collaborative project between two universities in Qatar: The University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ) and Qatar University (QU). Undergraduate students (seven nursing students and nine medical students) were recruited, asked to collect photos and interviewed. Four themes emerged from the data. First, food retail environments promoted unhealthy eating. Second, fast food under stressful circumstances: a sense of comfort. Third, food as a symbol of culture and socialisation. Finally, the paradox of access to affordable and healthy food in Qatar. Undergraduate students highlighted various circumstances that affect their perceptions of food security and their access to healthy food in Qatar. Future research that aims at understanding the facilitators and barriers to access healthy food at the university campus may help to improve nutrition interventions targeting those students. Future initiatives should focus on leveraging various resources to assist universities in tailoring their food initiatives to suit their students’ local needs.
Exploring Bhutanese Teachers’ Perceptions of Differentiated Instruction in Inclusive Schools in Bhutan
Authors: Dema Dorji , Klibthong Sunanta , Srisurakul Teerasak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferentiated instruction (DI) is an inclusive teaching approach that recognises and values student differences. Teachers teaching in inclusive schools practise DI to accommodate students with special educational needs and disabilities. However, no research has yet been conducted to explore teachers’ perceptions of DI in Bhutan. The purpose of this quantitative study is to explore teachers’ perceptions of DI and the differences in their perceptions based on demographic variables. Data were collected via an online survey from 185 teachers in 19 inclusive schools and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that the majority of teachers had favourable perceptions of DI. No significant perceptual differences were found on qualifications and teaching experiences. However, special education teachers’ perceptions of DI were significantly higher than general education teachers (M = 4.14, SD = .37), (M = 3.89, SD = .41), respectively, t(183) = 4.194, p = .000, and trained teachers’ perceptions of DI were also found to be significantly higher than untrained teachers (M = 4.09, SD = .39), (M = 3.81, SD = .40), respectively, t(183) = 4.090, p = .000. The implications of the research findings are discussed with recommendations for further research in this area.
A CENTENNIAL AMBIGUITY: THE CHALLENGE OF RESOLVING THE DATE OF THE JEAN-BAPTISTE LAINÉ (MANTLE), ONTARIO, SITE—AROUND AD 1500 OR AD 1600?—AND THE CASE FOR WOOD-CHARCOAL AS A TERMINUS POST QUEM
Authors: Manning Sturt W , Birch Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTConsidered in isolation, the radiocarbon (14C) dates on short-lived plant remains from the Jean-Baptiste Lainé (formerly Mantle) site, Ontario, yield an ambiguous result: more or less similar probability around AD 1500 or alternatively around AD 1600. This village site, likely of no more than ca. 20–30 years total duration, illustrates the challenges of high-resolution dating across periods with a reversal/plateau in the 14C calibration curve. Another problem we identify is the tendency for dating probability for short-duration sites to sometimes be overly compressed as dating intensity increases under analysis with OxCal, and for probability to shift away from the real age range especially during reversal/plateau episodes. To address both issues additional constraints are necessary. While a tree-ring sequenced 14C “wiggle-match” is the best option where available, we investigate how, in the absence of such an option, use of the in-built age in wood-charcoal samples can be used to distinguish the likely correct date range. This approach can resolve ambiguities in dating, e.g., for shorter-duration Late Woodland village sites in northeastern North America, but also other short-duration cases corresponding with reversal/plateau episodes on the 14C calibration curve. We place the Jean-Baptiste Lainé site most likely in a range between ca. AD 1595–1626 (95.4% probability).
The Irish Land Question, the International Monetary Problem, and Archbishop William Walsh, 1881–1896
Authors: Doyle Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores the significance to the Irish land question of a controversial issue in late nineteenth-century international political economy – bimetallism. Bimetallists advocated a monetary system that used gold and silver to define currency value rather than gold alone. Archbishop William Walsh's support for bimetallism is analysed to highlight how Ireland provided a case-study that framed this debate. Walsh believed the gold standard deepened an agrarian crisis that drove the Irish land question. He argued that careful and internationally orchestrated reform of the monetary system offered the means for its resolution. Walsh's bimetallist views marked him out as an original thinker within Irish nationalism, and his views were debated and adopted by monetary reformers across Britain, Europe, and the United States where they featured during the 1896 Presidential Election. Walsh's engagement in monetary politics must also be understood within a tradition of Catholic social teaching in which he positioned himself as a critic of financial capitalism. This article contextualizes the Irish land question within wider debates on the role of silver in the global economy and argues that Walsh's monetary thought reveals him to be a more significant international intellectual than his involvement in Irish politics tends to allow.
How chronic ear disease affects quality of life: a qualitative research study in Nepal
Authors: de Cates C , Jashek-Ahmed F , Bohara RB , Salter C , Youngs R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveHearing loss is the third leading cause globally for ‘years lived with disability’. The majority of those affected live in low and middle-income countries.MethodThis study used qualitative research methods to explore the impact of chronic ear disease on quality of life in Nepal. Twenty face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted during a visiting ear camp at the Britain Nepal Otology Service Ear Care Centre in Nepal. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated with thematic content analysis performed manually by two researchers.ResultsChronic ear disease has a significant impact on social interactions, emotional well-being and functionality. Barriers to surgery are cost, accessibility, reputation, gender and fear of complications.ConclusionThis study provided valuable new insight into patient perspectives on living with chronic ear disease in Nepal. Patients with chronic ear disease experience discrimination and stigmatisation across all levels of personal, family and social life, with their function across all domains being directly limited by symptoms.
Valuing time: Tourism transitions in Svalbard
Authors: Saville Samantha M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs indications of ‘overtourism’ appear in the Arctic, tourism presents both management challenges and ethical dilemmas, applicable to broader discussions about sustainability within Polar tourism. I argue that mapping value relations can contribute to ongoing discussions for positive ways forwards and that the concept of degrowth holds promise in redirecting tourism to better serve the local community. Tourism has become the largest employer and most rapidly growing sector in Svalbard, taking over from coal mining. Longyearbyen is a small urban centre but nevertheless is the central hub where almost all tourism passes through. Indeed, tourism is how the majority of human relations with its lands, seas, human and non-human inhabitants will be enabled. This paper is centred on charting the transition of Longyearbyen to a ‘tourist town’. Drawing on local voices from 2013 to 2016 and 2019, I use a value-based analysis to assess the changes experienced in the context of wider systems of value at work in Svalbard.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions among adults in a London mental health service, 2008–2018
Authors: Yang Justin C. , Thygesen Johan H. , Werbeloff Nomi , Hayes Joseph F. , Osborn David P. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) occurs commonly but it is unclear whether it is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Electronic health records (EHRs) offer an opportunity to examine APP using real-world data. In this study, we use EHR data to identify periods when patients were prescribed 2 + antipsychotics and compare these with periods of antipsychotic monotherapy. To determine the relationship between APP and subsequent instances of ADRs: QT interval prolongation, hyperprolactinaemia, and increased body weight [body mass index (BMI) ⩾ 25].MethodsWe extracted anonymised EHR data. Patients aged 16 + receiving antipsychotic medication at Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 were included. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to elucidate the relationship between APP and the subsequent presence of QT interval prolongation, hyperprolactinaemia, and/or increased BMI following a period of APP within 7, 30, or 180 days respectively.ResultsWe identified 35 409 observations of antipsychotic prescribing among 13 391 patients. Compared with antipsychotic monotherapy, APP was associated with a subsequent increased risk of hyperprolactinaemia (adjusted odds ratio 2.46; 95% CI 1.87–3.24) and of registering a BMI > 25 (adjusted odds ratio 1.75; 95% CI 1.33–2.31) in the period following the APP prescribing.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that APP should be carefully managed with attention to hyperprolactinaemia and obesity.
Multimorbidity clusters among people with serious mental illness: a representative primary and secondary data linkage cohort study
Authors: Ma Ruimin , Romano Eugenia , Ashworth Mark , Yadegarfar Mohammad E. , Dregan Alexandru , Ronaldson Amy , de Oliveira Claire , Jacobs Rowena , Stewart Robert , Stubbs Brendon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) experience higher mortality partially attributable to higher long-term condition (LTC) prevalence. However, little is known about multiple LTCs (MLTCs) clustering in this population.MethodsPeople from South London with SMI and two or more existing LTCs aged 18+ at diagnosis were included using linked primary and mental healthcare records, 2012–2020. Latent class analysis (LCA) determined MLTC classes and multinominal logistic regression examined associations between demographic/clinical characteristics and latent class membership.ResultsThe sample included 1924 patients (mean (s.d.) age 48.2 (17.3) years). Five latent classes were identified: ‘substance related’ (24.9%), ‘atopic’ (24.2%), ‘pure affective’ (30.4%), ‘cardiovascular’ (14.1%), and ‘complex multimorbidity’ (6.4%). Patients had on average 7–9 LTCs in each cluster. Males were at increased odds of MLTCs in all four clusters, compared to the ‘pure affective’. Compared to the largest cluster (‘pure affective’), the ‘substance related’ and the ‘atopic’ clusters were younger [odds ratios (OR) per year increase 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–1.00) and 0.96 (0.95–0.97) respectively], and the ‘cardiovascular’ and ‘complex multimorbidity’ clusters were older (ORs 1.09 (1.07–1.10) and 1.16 (1.14–1.18) respectively). The ‘substance related’ cluster was more likely to be White, the ‘cardiovascular’ cluster more likely to be Black (compared to White; OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.10–2.79), and both more likely to have schizophrenia, compared to other clusters.ConclusionThe current study identified five latent class MLTC clusters among patients with SMI. An integrated care model for treating MLTCs in this population is recommended to improve multimorbidity care.
Design and implementation of a swimming robot with pectoral fins only
Authors: Naser Farah Abbas , Rashid Mofeed Turky 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of swimming robots has increased widely in recent years due to the need of using them in situations where human intervention is difficult or not allowed. Exploring depths of seas, military interventions, or entering areas where the amount of water pollution is high that may threaten the lives of divers. In such cases, the best alternative for humans is to use swimming robots. This paper presents a swimming robot based on Labriform swimming mode. First, it starts with an analytical study of the effect of the fins shape on the performance of a robotic fish. The suggested design of the pectoral fins is concave. The effect of such a design would help largely in achieving the highest thrust in comparison to flat designs provided in the literature. Secondly, a variation in the velocity between the power and recovery strokes is accomplished and a maximum thrust can be obtained when the velocity of the power stroke is three times the velocity of recovery stroke. Thirdly, the kinematics and dynamics of the swimming robot are derived and an evaluation of the total hydrodynamic forces that are exerted on the robot’s body is studied via the computational fluid dynamics method from SOLIDWORKS® platform. Finally, the obtained results are compared to other designs in the literature in terms of some dimensionless numbers of biological fish to examine the efficiency. The proposed design has been validated theoretically and examined experimentally. The results of the simulation and practical experiments confirmed the validity of the design.
A Method for High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Reconstruction with Ewald Sphere Curvature Correction from Transmission Electron Images
Authors: Gureyev Timur E , Paganin David M , Brown Hamish G , Quiney Harry M , Allen Leslie J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A method for three-dimensional reconstruction of objects from defocused images collected at multiple illumination directions in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is presented. The method effectively corrects for the Ewald sphere curvature by taking into account the in-particle propagation of the electron beam. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of accurately reconstructing biological molecules or nanoparticles from high-resolution defocused images under conditions achievable in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy or electron tomography with realistic radiation doses, non-trivial aberrations, multiple scattering, and other experimentally relevant factors. The physics of the method is based on the well-known Diffraction Tomography formalism, but with the phase-retrieval step modified to include a conjugation of the phase (i.e., multiplication of the phase by a negative constant). At each illumination direction, numerically backpropagating the beam with the conjugated phase produces maximum contrast at the location of individual atoms in the molecule or nanoparticle. The resultant algorithm, Conjugated Holographic Reconstruction, can potentially be incorporated into established software tools for single-particle analysis, such as, for example, RELION or FREALIGN, in place of the conventional contrast transfer function correction procedure, in order to account for the Ewald sphere curvature and improve the spatial resolution of the three-dimensional reconstruction.
Delving into the divide: how ideological differences fuel out-party hostility in a multi-party context
Authors: van Erkel Patrick F. A. , Turkenburg Emma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates to what extent affective polarization, and more specifically hostility towards opposing party supporters, finds its roots in ideological differences. We look into the way out-groups are constructed when there are more than two political parties, and at the role of ideology in this process. Hereby we position ourselves in the discussion between those who argue that affective polarization finds its root more strongly in group attachments vs. those who argue that it is mostly rooted in ideological differences. We conduct our study in the context of the highly fragmented multi-party system of Belgium which enables us to analytically disentangle party label cues from ideological distance. Our findings demonstrate that affective polarization is largely rooted in ideological differences between party electorates in Belgium. Additionally, we find that this particularly holds for citizens who are more ideologically invested, namely those with higher political interest and more extreme ideological views.
Maternal high-fat diet consumption during pregnancy and lactation predisposes offspring to renal and metabolic injury later in life: comparative study of diets with different lipid contents
Authors: Busnardo de Oliveira Fernanda , Fortunato Silva Jéssica , Prado Helena Severino do , Ferreira-Neto Marcos Luiz , Balbi Ana Paula Coelho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that maternal overnutrition can result in a higher development risk of obesity and renal disease in the offspring’s adulthood. The present study tested different lipid levels in the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and its repercussions on the offspring of Wistar rats. Offspring of 1, 7, 30 and 90-d-old were divided into the following groups: Control (CNT) – offspring of dams that consumed a standard chow diet (3.5% of lipids); Experimental 1 (EXP1) – offspring of dams exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) (28% of lipids); and Experimental 2 (EXP2) – offspring of dams exposed to a HFD (40% of lipids). Regarding maternal data, there was a decrease in the amount of diet ingested by EXP2. Daily caloric intake was higher in EXP1, while protein and carbohydrate intakes were lower in EXP2. While lipid intake was higher in the experimental groups, EXP1 consumed more lipids than EXP2, despite the body weight gain being higher in EXP2. Adult offspring from EXP1 presented higher blood glucose. Regarding morphometric analysis, in both experimental groups, there was an increase in the glomerular tuft and renal corpuscle areas, but an increase in the capsular space area only in EXP1. There was a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in EXP1, in contrast to an increase in GFR of EXP2, along with an increase in urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, the maternal HFDs caused significant kidney damage in offspring, but had different repercussions on the type and magnitude of recorded change.
Geochemistry of Syntectonic Carbonate Veins Within Late Cretaceous Turbidites, Hikurangi Margin (New Zealand): Implications for a Mid‐Oligocene Age of Subduction Initiation
Authors: van de Lagemaat Suzanna H. A. , Mering John A. , Kamp Peter J. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe document the geochemistry of calcite veins in the Late Cretaceous Tikihore Formation (Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand) to characterize their fluid composition and source and to help establish the age of subduction initiation at the Hikurangi margin of the Australia‐Pacific plate boundary. The calcite veins occur within normal faults offsetting turbidites that accumulated in a lower slope basin. Vein calcite trace metal content and rare earth element patterns are consistent with a seawater‐derived brine composition. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) values range from −6.1 to +8.4‰ and are −0.2‰ VPDB on average; positive δ13C values of up to +28‰ VDPB reflect methanogenesis. Oxygen isotope temperature data indicate that calcite vein mineralization occurred at temperatures in the range of 29°C–48°C. This is markedly less than the maximum burial temperature experienced by the host rocks, which we estimate to be 104 ± 10°C at 30–27 Ma from the inverse modeling of apatite fission track data. The vein calcite has a 28.5 ± 4.9 Ma U‐Pb age. From these data, we infer that the succession above Tikihore Formation was removed by slumping, thereby resulting in fluid overpressure in the reservoir, followed by hydraulic fracturing and the precipitation of the vein calcite. Ultimately, the data presented here from the Tikihore veins are consistent with subduction initiation at 30–27 Ma, based on the U‐Pb age of the vein calcite and modeling of apatite fission track data for the host sandstone, corroborated by the 30–27 Ma timing of back thrusting on the Taranaki Fault and related foredeep development in eastern Taranaki Basin.
Study of Slow‐Mode Shock Formation and Particle Acceleration in the Symmetric Magnetic Reconnection Based on Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Walia N. K. , Seki K. , Amano T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe structure of the magnetic reconnection region and the acceleration mechanism of particles as they traverse from upstream into the reconnection exhaust are explored using 2.5D hybrid simulations. The reconnection boundary was analyzed using the Rankine‐Hugoniot conditions and the six specific conditions for slow‐mode shocks. We observe that the reconnection boundary can be interpreted as a slow‐mode shock from as close as ∼9 ( = ion inertial length) from the X‐point. The detection of slow‐mode shocks increases with the increasing distance from the X‐point and with the increasing ion plasma beta. Additionally, it is observed that if the slow‐mode shocks are analyzed by taking artificial satellite cuts at various angles, the detection percentage of slow‐mode shocks can decrease to ∼10% for very oblique crossings. The detection percentage of slow‐mode shocks is the percentage of points out of the total points studied, where the slow‐mode shocks were observed. At the point of incidence into the slow‐mode shocks, cold particles get accelerated and they gain energy. However, as we move further from the X‐point, a nonclassical picture of slow‐mode shocks emerges, where accelerated particles are present in the downstream of the slow‐mode shocks, but they are not accelerated in the immediate vicinity of the shock. This crescent‐shaped beam population is first accelerated at the slow‐mode shock much closer to the X‐point, and then it travels to the slow‐mode shock downstream region further away from the X‐point, gaining energy on the way by reflecting between the two slow‐mode shocks.