bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jasmonate Hypersensitive 3 negatively regulates both jasmonate and ethylene-mediated responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chung KwiMi , Demianski Agnes J , Harrison Gregory A , Laurie-Berry Neva , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Kunkel Barbara N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) is an important hormone involved in regulating diverse responses to environmental factors as well as growth and development, and its signalling is influenced by other hormones such as ethylene (ET). However, our understanding of the regulatory relationship between the JA and ET signalling pathways is limited. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis JA-hypersensitive mutant, jah3 (jasmonate hypersensitive3)-1. Map-based cloning revealed that the JAH3 gene corresponds to At4g16535. JAH3 encodes a protein of unknown function whose amino acid sequence has similarity to leukocyte receptor cluster-like protein. The mutation in jah3-1 is caused by a single nucleotide change from A to T at position 220 of 759 bp. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a second allele, jah3-2, that encodes a truncated protein. Both of these loss-of-function alleles resulted in hypersensitivity to JA, ET-induced root growth inhibition, and accelerated dark-induced senescence. Double mutant analyses employing coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) and ethylene insensitive 3 (ein3) mutants (jah3 coi1 and jah3 ein3) demonstrated that the hypersensitive phenotypes of the jah3 mutants are mediated by JA and ET signalling components COI1 and EIN3. Therefore, we propose that JAH3 is a negative regulator of both JA and ET signalling.
Other Looks: Chicana/o Responses to US Magazine Aesthetics
Authors: Merport Quiñones Carmen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
I argue that Chicana/o artists and activists working in the second half of the twentieth century engaged with the visual culture of US mass picture magazines such as Life because they identified it as a crucial site of struggle even as they recognized the increasing significance of other mass media. Examining pages from Life throughout the years, I show how Henry Luce’s magazine used derogatory depictions of racialized subjects to sell a particular notion of readerly belonging to a white middle-class audience. I find traces of distinct activist and artistic responses to this biased visual culture in the pages of Chicano Movement periodicals such as La Raza, in a Time spread on author Carlos Castaneda, and in the collaboration of two Chicano avant-gardists, Teddy Sandoval and Gronk. Each of these practices, I argue, provide different perspectives on the degree to which the social imaginary and protocols of the magazine medium availed the formation of minoritarian counter-discourses. While the mass picture magazine has faded from prominence, becoming a mere shadow of what it once was, the visual culture that emerged from its glossy pages still haunts our present. As a result, the activist and artistic interventions discussed in this essay provide us with important models for rethinking contemporary efforts to transform the racial logics of the mass cultural sphere.
Modelling star cluster formation: Mergers
Authors: Karam Jeremy , Sills Alison 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Star cluster formation in giant molecular clouds involves the local collapse of the cloud into small gas-rich subclusters, which can then subsequently collide and merge to build up the final star cluster(s). In this paper, we simulate collisions between these subclusters, using coupled smooth particle hydrodynamics for the gas and N-body dynamics for the stars. We are guided by previous radiation hydrodynamics simulations of molecular cloud collapse which provide the global properties of the colliding clusters, such as their stellar and gas masses, and their initial positions and velocities. The subclusters in the original simulation were treated as sink particles which immediately merged into a single entity after the collision. We show that the more detailed treatment provides a more complex picture. At collisional velocities above ≈ 10 km/s, the stellar components of the cluster do not form a monolithic cluster within 3 Myr, although the gas may do so. At lower velocities, the clusters do eventually merge but over timescales that may be longer than the time for a subsequent collision. The structure of the resultant cluster is not well-fit by any standard density distribution, and the clusters are not in equilibrium but continue to expand over our simulation time. We conclude that the simple sink particle treatment of subcluster mergers in large-scale giant molecular cloud simulations provides an upper limit on the final cluster properties.
Screening mechanism and late-time cosmology: Role of a Chameleon–Brans–Dicke scalar field
Authors: Chakrabarti Soumya , Dutta Koushik , Said Jackson Levi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We discuss a way in which the geometric scalar field in a Brans–Dicke (BD) theory can evade local astronomical tests and act as a driver of the late-time cosmic acceleration. This requires a self-interaction of the BD scalar as well as an interaction with ordinary matter. The scalar field in this construct acquires a density-dependent effective mass much like a Chameleon field. We discuss the viability of this setup in the context of Equivalence Principle, Fifth Force, and Solar System tests. The cosmological consistency is adjudged in comparison with observational data from recalibrated light curves of type Ia supernova (JLA), the Hubble parameter measurements (OHD) and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO). We deduct that the astrophysical constraints indeed favour the existence of a mild scalar-matter interaction in the Jordan Frame.
The evolution of turbulent galactic discs: gravitational instability, feedback, and accretion
Authors: Ginzburg Omri , Dekel Avishal , Mandelker Nir , Krumholz Mark R 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the driving of turbulence in star-forming disc galaxies of different masses at different epochs, using an analytic ‘bathtub’ model. The disc of gas and stars is assumed to be in marginal Toomre instability. Turbulence is assumed to be sustained via an energy balance between its dissipation and three simultaneous energy sources. These are stellar feedback, inward transport due to disc instability and clumpy accretion via streams. The transport rate is computed with two different formalisms, with similar results. To achieve the energy balance, the disc self-regulates either the mass fraction in clumps or the turbulent viscous torque parameter. In this version of the model, the efficiency by which the stream kinetic energy is converted into turbulence is a free parameter, ξa. We find that the contributions of the three energy sources are in the same ball park, within a factor of ∼2 in all discs at all times. In haloes that evolve to a mass $\le 10^{12}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ by z = 0 ($\le 10^{11.5}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ at z ∼ 2), feedback is the main driver throughout their lifetimes. Above this mass, the main driver is either transport or accretion for very low or very high values of ξa, respectively. For an assumed ξa(t) that declines in time, galaxies in haloes with present-day mass &gt;1012 M⊙ make a transition from accretion to transport dominance at intermediate redshifts, z ∼ 3, when their mass was ${\ge }10^{11.5}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$. The predicted relation between star formation rate and gas velocity dispersion is consistent with observations.
Synthesis of RNA-cofactor conjugates and structural exploration of RNA recognition by an m6A RNA methyltransferase
Authors: Meynier Vincent , Iannazzo Laura , Catala Marjorie , Oerum Stephanie , Braud Emmanuelle , Atdjian Colette , Barraud Pierre , Fonvielle Matthieu , Tisné Carine , Ethève-Quelquejeu Mélanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chemical synthesis of RNA conjugates has opened new strategies to study enzymatic mechanisms in RNA biology. To gain insights into poorly understood RNA nucleotide methylation processes, we developed a new method to synthesize RNA-conjugates for the study of RNA recognition and methyl-transfer mechanisms of SAM-dependent m6A RNA methyltransferases. These RNA conjugates contain a SAM cofactor analogue connected at the N6-atom of an adenosine within dinucleotides, a trinucleotide or a 13mer RNA. Our chemical route is chemo- and regio-selective and allows flexible modification of the RNA length and sequence. These compounds were used in crystallization assays with RlmJ, a bacterial m6A rRNA methyltransferase. Two crystal structures of RlmJ in complex with RNA–SAM conjugates were solved and revealed the RNA-specific recognition elements used by RlmJ to clamp the RNA substrate in its active site. From these structures, a model of a trinucleotide bound in the RlmJ active site could be built and validated by methyltransferase assays on RlmJ mutants. The methyl transfer by RlmJ could also be deduced. This study therefore shows that RNA-cofactor conjugates are potent molecular tools to explore the active site of RNA modification enzymes.
Ccr4–Not complex reduces transcription efficiency in heterochromatin
Authors: Monteagudo-Mesas Pablo , Brönner Cornelia , Kohvaei Parastou , Amedi Haris , Canzar Stefan , Halic Mario 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heterochromatic silencing is thought to occur through a combination of transcriptional silencing and RNA degradation, but the relative contribution of each pathway is not known. In this study, we analyzed RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) occupancy and levels of nascent and steady-state RNA in different mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in order to quantify the contribution of each pathway to heterochromatic silencing. We found that transcriptional silencing consists of two components, reduced RNA Pol II accessibility and, unexpectedly, reduced transcriptional efficiency. Heterochromatic loci showed lower transcriptional output compared to euchromatic loci, even when comparable amounts of RNA Pol II were present in both types of regions. We determined that the Ccr4–Not complex and H3K9 methylation are required for reduced transcriptional efficiency in heterochromatin and that a subset of heterochromatic RNA is degraded more rapidly than euchromatic RNA. Finally, we quantified the contribution of different chromatin modifiers, RNAi and RNA degradation to each silencing pathway. Our data show that several pathways contribute to heterochromatic silencing in a locus-specific manner and reveal transcriptional efficiency as a new mechanism of silencing.
Diagnostic potential of extracellular vesicles in meningioma patients
Authors: Ricklefs Franz L , Maire Cecile L , Wollmann Kathrin , Dührsen Lasse , Fita Krystian D , Sahm Felix , Herold-Mende Christel , von Deimling Andreas , Kolbe Katharina , Holz Mareike , Bergmann Leonie , Fuh Marceline M , Schlüter Hartmut , Alawi Malik , Reimer Rudolph , Peine Sven , Glatzel Markus , Westphal Manfred , Lamszus Katrin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell–cell communication, and tumor-derived EVs circulating in patient blood can serve as biomarkers. Here, we investigated the potential role of plasma EVs in meningioma patients for tumor detection and determined whether EVs secreted by meningioma cells reflect epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic alterations of original tumors.

Methods
EV concentrations were quantified in patient plasma (n = 46). Short-term meningioma cultures were established (n = 26) and secreted EVs were isolated. Methylation and copy number profiling was performed using 850k arrays, and mutations were identified by targeted gene panel sequencing. Differential quantitative mass spectrometry was employed for proteomic analysis.

Results
Levels of circulating EVs were elevated in meningioma patients compared to healthy individuals, and the plasma EV concentration correlated with malignancy grade and extent of peritumoral edema. Postoperatively, EV counts dropped to normal levels, and the magnitude of the postoperative decrease was associated with extent of tumor resection. Methylation profiling of EV-DNA allowed correct tumor classification as meningioma in all investigated cases, and accurate methylation subclass assignment in almost all cases. Copy number variations present in tumors, as well as tumor-specific mutations were faithfully reflected in meningioma EV-DNA. Proteomic EV profiling did not permit original tumor identification but revealed tumor-associated proteins that could potentially be utilized to enrich meningioma EVs from biofluids.

Conclusions
Elevated EV levels in meningioma patient plasma could aid in tumor diagnosis and assessment of treatment response. Meningioma EV-DNA mirrors genetic and epigenetic tumor alterations and facilitates molecular tumor classification.
Identification of UHT Granulites in the Pan-African Dahomeyide Suture Zone in SE Ghana: Implications for Evolution of Collisional Orogens
Authors: Aidoo Felix , Zhang Qiang-Qiang , Zhang Shao-Bing , Nude Prosper M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study presents the petrology, geochemistry, U–Pb ages, Lu–Hf and oxygen isotope compositions of Adaklu mafic granulites (ADMGs), from the Pan-African Dahomeyide suture zone in southeastern Ghana. The ADMGs show mafic precursor with low-K tholeiitic affinity. They display convex rare earth and trace elements characteristics without any obvious anomalies of Eu, Ti, Nb and Ta. The geochemical characteristics of ADMGs mimic those of N-MORB. Zircon U–Pb dating on the ADMGs reveals granulite facies metamorphic ages of ca. 595–602 Ma. However, a few zircons yield relatively older apparent 206Pb/238U ages of ca. 620 Ma, representing prograde metamorphic age. ADMGs preserve mean zircon εHf (t) values of +7.0 to +9.7 and δ18O values of 6.1–8.0‰. Based on petrographic observations, geothermobarometric calculations using conventional thermobarometry, mineral equilibria modeling, Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers reveal peak granulite facies P–T conditions of 0.95–1.2 GPa/940–1000°C, and retrograde amphibolite facies conditions of 0.83–0.93 GPa/575–710°C. The prograde metamorphic stage is inferred to be amphibolite or eclogite facies metamorphism. Hence, a clockwise a P–T–t path is proposed for the ADMGs. The overall results indicate that ADMGs are ultra-high temperature (UHT) granulites, and the protolith is altered oceanic crust consumed during the Pan-African collisional events. Asthenospheric upwelling induced by lithospheric delamination in the earliest extension of the thickened orogen, or by slab break-off in the background of collision may have provided the additional heat for UHT granulite facies metamorphism.
Linking Selective Alteration, Mineral Compositional Zonation and Sulfide Melt Emplacement in Orogenic-Type Magmatic Ni–Cu Sulfide Deposits
Authors: Cui Meng-Meng , Su Ben-Xun , Wang Jing , Tang Dong-Mei , Sakyi Patrick Asamoah , Moynier Frédéric 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The chemical characteristics of magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits in orogenic settings differ from those in cratons as they are characterized by extensive alteration, presence of hydrous minerals and typical normal mantle sulfur isotopes. How these characteristics are related to the mode of formation of the Ni–Cu sulfide deposits is still unknown. Here, we present petrological and mineralogical investigations of the Hongqiling Ni–Cu sulfide deposit, a typical representative of such numerous deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Observations at various scales of field outcrops, hand specimens, thin sections and microscopes reveal that alterations are selectively exposed in silicate minerals, particularly olivine and pyroxenes that are close to ore bodies and sulfides. Such selective alteration is also related to sulfide type and abundance, and ore texture in the rocks/ores. It is worth noting that alteration of olivine and pyroxenes becomes weak when hydrous minerals (hornblende and phlogopite) are present. Profile analyses demonstrate that the olivine grains enclosed in or in contact with sulfides have compositional zonation with Fe, Mn, Sc and Zn concentrations higher when closer to the contacts with sulfides relative to the cores and contacts with other silicates, while those grains in sulfide-barren rocks show relatively homogeneous compositions. Similarly, the hornblende grains in contact with sulfide show distinct compositional variations. Sulfides in the rocks and ores are all free of alteration and have mantle-like sulfur isotopic compositions (pyrrhotite δ34S = −1.53 to 0.38‰; pentlandite δ34S = −1.28 to 0.25‰; chalcopyrite δ34S = −1.77 to 0.24‰). These features suggest that the selective alterations occurring in early crystallized phases were induced by sulfide melt intrusion and crystallization, instead of late-stage processes as previously thought. The sulfide melts segregated at the early stage of the magma evolution were presumably hydrous and buoyant in the silicate magma and therefore were transported upward and penetrated into silicate grains. The hydrous fluids were independent of the subducted material and metamorphic origin, and contained no significant crustal component in the late Triassic. Finally, when the sulfides crystallized, fluids would be released from the sulfide melts to hydrate surrounding mineral phases and rocks, because sulfides theoretically don’t accommodate hydrous components. The fluids also enhanced compositional exchanges between sulfides and silicates and accounted for the crystallization of hydrous minerals. From this perspective, fluids play a critical role in sulfide melt transportation and silicate compositional alteration, and selective alteration can be considered as a significant indicator of mineralization and exploration in mafic-ultramafic intrusions.
Multilayered synergistic regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, jasmonate, and MAPK signaling pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Jinggeng , Mu Qiao , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Jun , Yu Haoze , Huang Tengzhou , He Yunxia , Dai Shaojun , Meng Xiangzong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Camalexin, an indolic antimicrobial metabolite, is the major phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and plays a crucial role in pathogen resistance. Our previous studies revealed that the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 positively regulate pathogen-induced camalexin biosynthesis via phosphoactivating the transcription factor WRKY33. Here, we report that the ethylene and jasmonate (JA) pathways act synergistically with the MPK3/MPK6–WRKY33 module at multiple levels to induce camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis upon pathogen infection. The ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) transcription factor integrates the ethylene and JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis via directly upregulating camalexin biosynthetic genes. ERF1 also interacts with and depends on WRKY33 to upregulate camalexin biosynthetic genes, indicating that ERF1 and WRKY33 form transcriptional complexes to cooperatively activate camalexin biosynthetic genes, thereby mediating the synergy of ethylene/JA and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Moreover, as an integrator of the ethylene and JA pathways, ERF1 also acts as a substrate of MPK3/MPK6, which phosphorylate ERF1 to increase its transactivation activity and therefore further cooperate with the ethylene/JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Taken together, our data reveal the multilayered synergistic regulation of camalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, JA, and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways via ERF1 and WRKY33 transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
DETECTION OF TRANSGENERATIONAL GENETIC EFFECTS BASED ON WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING IN THE MOUSE MODEL
Authors: Gondo Yoichi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It has become feasible to detect de novo mutations in mammalian genomes by using whole-genome sequencing. The power to detect numbers of de novo mutations should provide a useful tool to assess the transgenerational genetic effects of radiations on living organisms. By reviewing the spontaneous mutations in the mouse as a model, an action plan is proposed to detect the induced mutations after accumulating mutations for several generations with continuous exposure to low-dose radiations. Some susceptibility differences against radiations between humans and model animals for the transgenerational effect have been suggested. The applicability of the mouse model for the assessment of low-dose radiation is also discussed.
Variant-to-gene-mapping analyses reveal a role for pancreatic islet cells in conferring genetic susceptibility to sleep-related traits
Authors: Lasconi Chiara , Pahl Matthew C , Pippin James A , Su Chun , Johnson Matthew E , Chesi Alessandra , Boehm Keith , Manduchi Elisabetta , Ou Kristy , Golson Maria L , Wells Andrew D , Kaestner Klaus H , Grant Struan F A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigated the potential role of sleep-trait associated genetic loci in conferring a degree of their effect via pancreatic α- and β-cells, given that both sleep disturbances and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, involve polygenic contributions and complex interactions. We determined genetic commonalities between sleep and metabolic disorders, conducting linkage disequilibrium genetic correlation analyses with publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Then we investigated possible enrichment of sleep-trait associated SNPs in promoter-interacting open chromatin regions within α- and β-cells, intersecting public GWAS reports with our own ATAC-seq and high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C data generated from both sorted human α-cells and an established human beta-cell line (EndoC-βH1). Finally, we identified putative effector genes physically interacting with sleep-trait associated variants in α- and EndoC-βH1cells running variant-to-gene mapping and establish pathways in which these genes are significantly involved. We observed that insomnia, short and long sleep—but not morningness—were significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic traits. Both the EndoC-βH1 and α-cells were enriched for insomnia loci (p = .01; p = .0076), short sleep loci (p = .017; p = .022) and morningness loci (p = 2.2 × 10−7; p = .0016), while the α-cells were also enriched for long sleep loci (p = .034). Utilizing our promoter contact data, we identified 63 putative effector genes in EndoC-βH1 and 76 putative effector genes in α-cells, with these genes showing significant enrichment for organonitrogen and organophosphate biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol and phosphorylation, intracellular transport and signaling, stress responses and cell differentiation. Our data suggest that a subset of sleep-related loci confer their effects via cells in pancreatic islets.
Liechtenstein discretionary trusts: beneficiaries, be aware of your rights!
Authors: Gassner Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Be aware, the beneficiary principle as it is lived in Liechtenstein might not meet your expectations. Beneficiaries of a discretionary trust under the Principality’s jurisdiction could fall short of basic rights, which one would expect granted. These include the right to information and the right to file a motion with the court if one suspects that the trust has been administered in an incorrect manner—ie where allocation, distribution, administration and invoicing do not comply with the initial agreement. Liechtenstein law offers various options to meet the requirements of clients, however, take this article as good advice to apply particular care when drafting a trust deed.