bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish difference and recovering ‘commedia’: erich w. korngold’s ‘die tote stadt’ in post-first world war austria
Authors: Hsieh Amanda 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Commedia dell’arte re-emerged in the early twentieth century to become a means for Europe’s assimilated Jews to process the conditions of modernity by non-serious means. Yet, existing scholarship on Erich W. Korngold’s Die tote Stadt tends to focus on the protagonist Paul with respect to the doppelgängers Marie/Marietta, spotlighting the psychodrama of Acts I and III but overlooking the overtly theatrical episodes of Act II’s extended commedia dell’arte sequence. The opera’s ‘Schlager’ (hit songs) offered old-world comfort to its post-First World War Viennese audience. Nevertheless, the commedia dell’arte scenes were significant in terms of advancing an affirmative politics for war-torn Vienna’s assimilated Jews, precisely because of how deliberately noisy they appeared in opposition to the world of Catholic harmony. Placing side by side Wagnerian symbolism and commedia dell’arte—that is, ingredients from Christianity and contemporary popular Jewish theatre—Korngold’s opera asked timely questions of the Jewish citizenry in Austria’s First Republic.
Gene regulatory network study of rheumatoid arthritis in single-cell chromatin landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Zhang Cantong , Hong Xiaoping , Yu Haiyan , Xu Huixuan , Qiu Xiaofen , Cai Wanxia , Hocher Berthold , Dai Weier , Tang Donge , Liu Dongzhou , Dai Yong 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with single-cell sequencing (scATAC-seq) contribute to the progress in epigenetic studies. The purpose of our project was to discover the transcription factors (TFs) that were involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at a single-cell resolution using epigenetic technology.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seven RA patients and seven natural controls were extracted nuclei suspensions for library construction. Subsequently, scATAC-seq was performed to generate a high-resolution map of active regulatory DNA for bioinformatics analysis.

Results
We obtained 22 accessible chromatin patterns. Then, 10 key TFs were involved in RA pathogenesis by regulating the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Consequently, two genes (PTPRC and SPAG9) regulated by 10 key TFs were found, which may be associated with RA disease pathogenesis, and these TFs were obviously enriched in RA patients (P &lt; .05, fold change value &gt; 1.2). With further quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation on PTPRC and SPAG9 in monocytes, we found differential expression of these two genes, which were regulated by eight TFs [ZNF384, HNF1B, DMRTA2, MEF2A, NFE2L1, CREB3L4 (var. 2), FOSL2::JUNB (var. 2), and MEF2B], showing highly accessible binding sites in RA patients.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the value of using scATAC-seq to reveal transcriptional regulatory variation in RA-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells, providing insights into therapy from an epigenetic perspective.
Associations of levetiracetam use with the safety and tolerability profile of chemoradiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Seystahl Katharina , Oppong Felix Boakye , Le Rhun Emilie , Hertler Caroline , Stupp Roger , Nabors Burt , Chinot Olivier , Preusser Matthias , Gorlia Thierry , Weller Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLevetiracetam (LEV) is one of the most frequently used antiepileptic drugs (AED) for brain tumor patients with seizures. We hypothesized that toxicity of LEV and temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy may overlap.MethodsUsing a pooled cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma included in clinical trials prior to chemoradiotherapy (CENTRIC, CORE, AVAglio) or prior to maintenance therapy (ACT-IV), we tested associations of hematologic toxicity, nausea or emesis, fatigue, and psychiatric adverse events during concomitant and maintenance treatment with the use of LEV alone or with other AED versus other AED alone or in combination versus no AED use at the start of chemoradiotherapy and of maintenance treatment.ResultsOf 1681 and 2020 patients who started concomitant chemoradiotherapy and maintenance temozolomide, respectively, 473 and 714 patients (28.1% and 35.3%) were treated with a LEV-containing regimen, 538 and 475 patients (32.0% and 23.5%) with other AED, and 670 and 831 patients (39.9% and 41.1%) had no AED. LEV was associated with higher risk of psychiatric adverse events during concomitant treatment in univariable and multivariable analyses (RR 1.86 and 1.88, P &lt; .001) while there were no associations with hematologic toxicity, nausea or emesis, or fatigue. LEV was associated with reduced risk of nausea or emesis during maintenance treatment in multivariable analysis (HR = 0.80, P = .017) while there were no associations with hematologic toxicity, fatigue, or psychiatric adverse events.ConclusionsLEV is not associated with reduced tolerability of chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma regarding hematologic toxicity and fatigue. Antiemetic properties of LEV may be beneficial during maintenance temozolomide.
Reducing Misperceptions About Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Insights From Adults Who Smoke
Authors: Ranney Leah M , Jarman Kristen L , Clark Sonia A , Baler G , Gourlay Margaret , Brewer Noel T , Goldstein Adam O , Byron M Justin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Many people incorrectly think that very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes are less carcinogenic than current cigarettes. This risk misperception by people who smoke could reduce motivation to quit under a nicotine reduction policy. We qualitatively examined perspectives on campaign messages designed to reduce misperceptions.

Aims and Methods
Adults who smoke from North Carolina participated in online interviews. After being introduced to the idea of a VLNC policy, participants were shown VLNC messages and asked about their perceptions on the clarity, understandability, persuasiveness, and meaning of the messages. We conducted a thematic content analysis of the transcripts.

Results
Thirty adults who smoke cigarettes participated (15 females, 13 males, 2 nonbinary) with a mean age of 43 years. Central themes that emerged were: (1) Confusion about the proposed VLNC cigarette policy affected how messages were interpreted; (2) Messages that promote self-efficacy for quitting rather than guilt or fear were better received; and (3) Direct and succinct messages were seen as more able to grab attention and inform people who smoke. Some participant concerns focused on whether VLNC cigarettes would relieve their nicotine cravings and whether they would need to smoke more VLNC cigarettes to feel satisfied.

Conclusion
Campaign messages to educate the public about the harmful effects of smoking VLNC cigarettes may be more effective if people who smoke are informed about the policy’s rationale to understand why nicotine is removed rather than the other harmful chemicals. Messages should also acknowledge the difficulty of quitting and be short and direct to capture attention.

Implications
Adults who smoke have some confusion about nicotine reduction in cigarettes and this affects how they perceive potential communication campaign messages about the risk of smoking VLNC cigarettes. In our qualitative research, we found that adults who smoke prefer messages about VLNC cigarettes that acknowledge the challenge of quitting and that are direct and succinct. With further development, campaign messages may be able to reduce misperceptions about VLNC cigarettes and maximize the public health benefit of a nicotine reduction policy.
Effective cerebello–cerebral connectivity during implicit and explicit social belief sequence learning using dynamic causal modeling
Authors: Ma Qianying , Pu Min , Haihambo Naem , Baetens Kris , Heleven Elien , Deroost Natacha , Baeken Chris , Van Overwalle Frank 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To study social sequence learning, earlier functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated the neural correlates of a novel Belief Serial Reaction Time task in which participants learned sequences of beliefs held by protagonists. The results demonstrated the involvement of the mentalizing network in the posterior cerebellum and cerebral areas (e.g. temporoparietal junction, precuneus and temporal pole) during implicit and explicit social sequence learning. However, little is known about the neural functional interaction between these areas during this task. Dynamic causal modeling analyses for both implicit and explicit belief sequence learning revealed that the posterior cerebellar Crus I & II were effectively connected to cerebral mentalizing areas, especially the bilateral temporoparietal junction, via closed loops (i.e. bidirectional functional connections that initiate and terminate at the same cerebellar and cerebral areas). There were more closed loops during implicit than explicit learning, which may indicate that the posterior cerebellum may be more involved in implicitly learning sequential social information. Our analysis supports the general view that the posterior cerebellum receives incoming signals from critical mentalizing areas in the cerebrum to identify sequences of social actions and then sends signals back to the same cortical mentalizing areas to better prepare for others’ social actions and one’s responses to it.
The designer benzodiazepine, flubromazepam, induces reward-enhancing and cardiotoxic effects in rodents
Authors: Hong Eunchong , Gu Sun Mi , Kim Jin Mook , Yoon Kyung Sik , Lee Jin-Moo , Kim Young-Hoon , Suh Soo Kyung , Lee Dohyun , Eom Heejong , Yun Jaesuk , Cha Hye Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of many benzodiazepines is controlled worldwide due to their high likelihood of abuse and potential adverse effects. Flubromazepam—a designer benzodiazepine—is a long-acting gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor agonist. There is currently a lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for flubromazepam dependence or other adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the dependence potential, and cardiotoxicity via confirmation of the QT and RR intervals which are the factors on the electrical properties of the heart of flubromazepam in rodents. Using a conditioned place preference test, we discovered that mice treated intraperitoneally with flubromazepam (0.1 mg/kg) exhibited a significant preference for the flubromazepam-paired compartment, suggesting a potential for flubromazepam dependence. In addition, we observed several cardiotoxic effects of flubromazepam; 100-μM flubromazepam reduced cell viability, increased RR intervals but not QT intervals in the electrocardiography measurements, and considerably inhibited potassium channels in a human ether-à-go-go-related gene assay. Collectively, these findings suggest that flubromazepam may have adverse effects on psychological and cardiovascular health, laying the foundation for further efforts to list flubromazepam as a controlled substance at both national and international levels.
PIN1-mediated ROS production is involved in antagonism of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Huijie , He Zhixin , Deng Ping , Lu Muxue , Zhou Chao , Yang Lingling , Yu Zhengping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArsenic, a widely existing environmental contaminant, is recognized to be toxic to multiple organs. Exposure to arsenic results in liver damage via excessive production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). PIN1 regulates the levels of ROS. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an ROS scavenger that protects the hepatic functions. Whether PIN1 plays a regulatory role in NAC-mediated antagonism against arsenic hepatotoxicity remains largely unknown. In our study, the protective effects of NAC against arsenic (NaAsO2)-induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Arsenic exposure induced cytotoxicity by increasing the intracellular ROS production, impairing mitochondrial function and inducing apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes. Overexpression of PIN1 markedly protected against arsenic cytotoxicity, decreased ROS levels, and mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in L02 cells. However, loss of PIN1 further aggravated arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and abolished the protective effects of NAC in L02 cells. An in vivo study showed that pretreatment with NAC rescued arsenic-induced liver injury by restoring liver function and suppressing hepatic oxidative stress. Overexpression of PIN1 in mice transfected with AAV-Pin1 relieved arsenic-induced liver dysfunction and hepatic oxidative stress. Taken together, our study identified PIN1 as a novel intervention target for antagonizing arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity, highlighting a new pharmacological mechanism of NAC targeting PIN1 in antagonism against arsenic toxicity.
Deltoid-Sparing Modified Judet Approach: Technique and Clinical Series
Authors: LaRoque Michael C , Heare Austin , Cole Peter A 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Posterior approaches provide the mainstay for treatment in most of the scapula body and neck fractures, even those associated with many intraarticular variants. Several posterior approach modifications for minimizing soft-tissue damage and limiting muscular detachment, have previously been described in the literature; however, little or no clinical evidence is available specifically applied to the various approaches.
In this study, we describe complete sparing of the deltoid muscle origin during the “modified Judet” approach. The modified approach as previously described detaches the deltoid origin. Deltoid sparing allows for satisfactory visualization and fixation of extra-articular scapula fractures and even some intraarticular variants. The purpose of this article was to describe the deltoid-sparing modified Judet approach and report clinical outcomes for 23 patients after surgical treatment.
Factors Causing Delay in Discharge in Patients Eligible for Ambulatory Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Shahi Pratyush , Vaishnav Avani S. , Melissaridou Dimitra , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Sarmiento J. Manuel , Urakawa Hikari , Araghi Kasra , Shinn Daniel J. , Song Junho , Dalal Sidhant , Iyer Sravisht , Sheha Evan D. , Dowdell James E. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data

Objective.
To analyze the postoperative factors that led delayed discharge in patients who would have been eligible for ambulatory lumbar fusion (ALF).

Summary of Background Data.
Assessing postoperative inefficiencies is vital to increase the feasibility of ALF.

Methods.
Patients who underwent single-level MI-TLIF and would have met the eligibility criteria for ALF were included. Length of stay [LOS]; time in post-anesthesia recovery unit [PACU]; alertness and neurological exam, and pain scores at 3 and 6 hours; type of analgesia; time to physical therapy [PT] visit; reasons for PT non-clearance; time to per-oral [PO] intake; time to voiding; time to readiness for discharge were assessed. Time taken to meet each discharge criterion was calculated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to study the effect of variables on postoperative parameters influencing discharge.

Results.
Out of 71 patients, 4% were discharged on the same day and 69% on postoperative day one. PT clearance was the last-met discharge criterion in 93%. 66% did not get PT evaluation on the day of surgery. 76% required intravenous (IV) opioids and <60% had adequate pain control. 27% had orthostatic intolerance (OI). The median postoperative LOS was 26.9 hours, time in PACU was 4.2 hours, time to PO intake was 6.5 hours, time to 1st void was 6.3 hours, time to 1st PT visit was 17.7 hours, time to PT clearance was 21.8 hours, and time to discharge readiness was 21.9 hours. Regression analysis showed that time to PT clearance, time to PO intake, time to voiding, time in PACU, and pain score at 3 hours had a significant effect on LOS.

Conclusions.
Unavailability of PT, surgery after 1 PM, OI, inadequate pain control, prolonged PACU stay, and long feeding and voiding times were identified as modifiable factors preventing same-day discharge.

Level of Evidence.
4
The No Surprises Act: What Do Plastic Surgeons Need to Know?
Authors: Seitz Allison J. , Nicksic Peter J. , Rao Venkat K. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Out-of-network, or “surprise” bills, have grown common in recent years and have raised substantial concern for patients. Congress recently enacted the No Surprises Act, effective on January 1, 2022, ending the majority of out-of-network bills for privately insured patients. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the history of surprise billing, describe the regulations of the No Surprises Act, and examine the impact this legislation will have on the field of plastic surgery.

Methods:
A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was conducted on out-of-network billing, or surprise bills, and the No Surprises Act. Media outlets, governmental agencies, and local and national medical organizations were additionally queried for surprise billing and the No Surprises Act.

Results:
Under the No Surprises Act, privately insured patients are protected from surprise medical bills in emergency and nonemergency settings, and uninsured or self-pay patients must be provided a good faith estimate of service fees before receiving nonemergent care. Plastic surgeons may consent patients to receive out-of-network bills if consent is obtained at least 72 hours before rendering a nonemergency service. Despite these patient protections, this act may influence plastic surgeons’ reimbursement rates and incentivize surgeons to alter their network status.

Conclusions:
The No Surprises Act provides significant protections for patients. However, it may have adverse effects for plastic surgeons. Plastic surgeons will only get paid in-network fees while providing care to patients unless consent is properly obtained in a nonemergent setting.
Disentangling self from pain: mindfulness meditation–induced pain relief is driven by thalamic–default mode network decoupling
Authors: Riegner Gabriel , Posey Grace , Oliva Valeria , Jung Youngkyoo , Mobley William , Zeidan Fadel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For millenniums, mindfulness was believed to diminish pain by reducing the influence of self-appraisals of noxious sensations. Today, mindfulness meditation is a highly popular and effective pain therapy that is believed to engage multiple, nonplacebo-related mechanisms to attenuate pain. Recent evidence suggests that mindfulness meditation–induced pain relief is associated with the engagement of unique cortico-thalamo-cortical nociceptive filtering mechanisms. However, the functional neural connections supporting mindfulness meditation–based analgesia remain unknown. This mechanistically focused clinical trial combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with psychophysical pain testing (49°C stimulation and pain visual analogue scales) to identify the neural connectivity supporting the direct modulation of pain-related behavioral and neural responses by mindfulness meditation. We hypothesized that mindfulness meditation-based pain relief would be reflected by greater decoupling between brain mechanisms supporting appraisal (prefrontal) and nociceptive processing (thalamus). After baseline pain testing, 40 participants were randomized to a well-validated, 4-session mindfulness meditation or book-listening regimen. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and noxious heat (49°C; right calf) were combined during meditation to test study hypotheses. Mindfulness meditation significantly reduced behavioral and neural pain responses when compared to the controls. Preregistered (NCT03414138) whole-brain analyses revealed that mindfulness meditation–induced analgesia was moderated by greater thalamus–precuneus decoupling and ventromedial prefrontal deactivation, respectively, signifying a pain modulatory role across functionally distinct neural mechanisms supporting self-referential processing. Two separate preregistered seed-to-seed analyses found that mindfulness meditation–based pain relief was also associated with weaker contralateral thalamic connectivity with the prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortex, respectively. Thus, we propose that mindfulness meditation is associated with a novel self-referential nociceptive gating mechanism to reduce pain.
Engaging Physicians in Leadership: Motivations, Challenges, and Identity-Based Considerations
Authors: Sullivan Erin E. , Stephenson Amber L. , Hoffman Aaron R. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY

Goal:
Physician leadership has been associated with improved patient outcomes, increased provider satisfaction, and decreased physician burnout as well as more profitable, higher-quality healthcare delivery. However, physicians frequently struggle when assuming leadership positions, given the dissonance between their administrative and clinical roles. Informed by social identity theory, we aimed to identify why physicians lead, how they experience leadership roles, and the challenges they face during the transition into those roles.

Methods:
We conducted 27 semistructured interviews with primary care physician leaders between January and April 2020. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Principal Findings:
Four themes were developed from the analysis, including (1) desire for change, (2) desire for growth, (3) challenges experienced during the transition to a leadership role, and (4) changes to professional identity. The results of this study identified aspects of leadership perceived by physicians as attractive and motivating. The study also revealed challenges that occur during the transition into leadership as well as shifts in professional identity experienced by physicians.

Applications to Practice:
The results can be used by healthcare managers and executives to empower more physicians to take on leadership roles and implement changes that alleviate stresses associated with physicians transitioning into leadership roles.
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Authors: Poquiz Warren A. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
The dawn of the crypto age has highlighted the potential of blockchain technology in an array of functions for multiple industries. Blockchain technology disrupts existing architecture by offering an efficient and decentralized data management platform. It provides a potential solution to current health information technology problems. The strengths of blockchain are interoperability, data accuracy, security, and transparency. Its weaknesses include a lack of standardization, accessibility, ownership, and change management. Applications in healthcare include revenue cycle management, physician credentialing, electronic health records, and supply chain management, although potential government regulation and internal attacks pose threats to its wider adoption.
“Eastern” Xi Yang Qian (Rubia tirctorum L.) and “Western” Zhong Guo Qian (Rubia cordifolia L.): Across the Regions
Authors: Min Shao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Qian Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Rubiae) is a perennial grass with red and yellow pigments in its roots. It has been used since ancient times for fabric dyeing and painting, and it's the oldest red dye in both Europe and China. Xi Yang Qian (Rubia tirctorum L.) spread from the East to the West, while Zhong Guo Qian (Rubia cordifolia L.) spread from the West to the East. Both were integral in the development of Chinese and Western color cultures. Nowadays, although it is no longer commonly used in dyes and paints, Qian Cao is still used in clinical medicine as a medicinal herb.