bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual Functional Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymer as Single Component Semiconducting Photoresist by Appending Azide Groups in the Side Chains
Authors: Gao Chenying , Shi Dandan , Li Cheng , Yu Xiaobo , Zhang Xisha , Liu Zitong , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolecular systems that can function as photoresists are essential for the fabrication of flexible electronics through all‐photolithographic processes. Most of the reported molecular systems for photo‐patterning of polymeric semiconductors contain binary or multi‐components. In comparison, single component semiconducting photoresist is advantageous since it will circumvent the optimization of phase separation and ensure the patterned semiconducting thin films to be more uniform. In this paper, a single component semiconducting photoresist (PDPP4T‐N3) by incorporating azide groups into the branching alkyl chains of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer is reported. The results reveal that i) the azide groups make the side chains to be photo‐cross‐linkable; ii) uniform patterns with size as small as 5 µm form under mild UV irradiation (365 nm, 85 mW cm−2) at ambient conditions; iii) such photo‐induced cross‐linking does not affect the inter‐chain packing; iv) benefiting from the single component feature, field‐effect transistors (FETs) with the individual patterned thin films display satisfactorily uniform performances with average charge mobility of 0.61 ± 0.10 cm2 V–1 s–1 and threshold voltage of 3.49 ± 1.43 V. These results offer a simple yet effective design strategy for high‐performance single component semiconducting photoresists, which hold great potentials for flexible electronics processed by all‐photolithography.
Unraveling the Conversion Evolution on Solid‐State Na–SeS2 Battery via In Situ TEM
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Wang Zaifa , Zhang Long , Liu Di , Yu Chuang , Yan Xinlin , Xie Jia , Huang Jianyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state (ASS) Na–S batteries are promising for a large‐scale energy‐storage system owing to numerous merits. However, the high conversion reaction barrier impedes their practical application. In this work, the basic mechanism on how Se catalyzes the conversion reaction in the Na–S batteries is unraveled. The sodiation/desodiation of Na–SeS2 nanobatteries are systematically evaluated via in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) with a microheating device. The real‐time analyses reveal an amorphous Na–SexSy intermediate phase appears during the direct conversion from SeS2 to Na2S, and a reverse reaction succeeds at 100 °C with a prior formation of Se. The absence of polysulfides and a much lower desodiation temperature in contrast to Na–S nanobatteries demonstrate that the Se incorporation significantly lowers the conversion reaction barrier. According to these findings, the ASS SeS2 batteries using a Na3SbS4 solid electrolyte (SE) are assembled using various SE:C ratios in the composite cathodes to investigate the effect of the ion and electron transport on the electrochemical properties, including the effective transport properties, MacMullin number, and the tortuosity factor. The obtained results in turn confirm the findings from the in situ TEM. These findings are applicable to optimize other S‐based active materials and improve their utilization.
Elimination of Interfacial Lattice Mismatch and Detrimental Reaction by Self‐Assembled Layer Dual‐Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Jia , Dai Runying , Sheng Wangping , Su Yang , Zhong Yang , Li Xiang , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterfacial lattice mismatch and adverse reaction are the key issues hindering the development of nickel oxide (NiOx)‐based inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a p‐chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (CBSA) self‐assembled small‐molecule (SASM) is adopted to anchor NiOx and perovskite crystals to endow dual‐passivation. The chlorine terminal of SASMs can provide growth sites for perovskite, leading to interfacial strain release. Meanwhile, the sulfonic acid group from SASMs can passivate surface defects of NiOx, conducive to charge carrier extraction. In addition, the self‐assembled layer inhibits the adverse interfacial reaction by preventing NiOx contact with perovskite. Therefore, the NiOx/CBSA‐based PVSCs obtain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.8%. Of particular note, the unencapsulated devices can retain above 80% of their initial PCE values after storage in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3000 h, in air with a relative humidity of 50–70% for 1000 h, and heating at 85 °C for 800 h, respectively.
Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Suresh Sunil , Rokke David J. , Drew Amandine A. , Alruqobah Essam , Agrawal Rakesh , Uhl Alexander R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe addition of cesium into Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐short CIGSSe‐absorber layers (fabricated via vacuum deposition methods), has most recently culminated in devices with record power conversion efficiencies up to 23.4%. However, research is increasingly being devoted to the development of ink deposition routes to prepare high‐quality CIGSSe thin films while requiring only a fraction of the processing costs. Such non‐vacuum deposition routes must compete with efficiencies of incumbent technologies to find adoption on a wide scale. At present, the performance of ink‐based devices still fall short of their vacuum counterparts with certified champion cell efficiencies up to 17.7%. The recent performance progression for vacuum‐processed CIGSSe exemplifies the importance of controlling the concentration of extrinsic impurities and serves as an inspiration for gains (e.g., morphological, optoelectronic) for devices with ink‐based absorber layers. This article reviews extrinsic doping concepts for CIGSSe‐type absorbers fabricated by ink‐based deposition routes (both nanoparticle dispersions and molecular inks), provides a performance comparison of select high‐efficiency ink‐based devices, and offers an outlook for future process development in general. It is suggested that the mechanisms by which dopant atoms diffuse, interact, and alter the properties of an ink‐based absorber are fundamentally different than those fabricated from vacuum‐based processes, and require further investigation.
Li2CO3/LiF‐Rich Heterostructured Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Superior Lithiophilic and Li+‐Transferred Characteristics via Adjusting Electrolyte Additives
Authors: Wu Daxiong , He Jian , Liu Jiandong , Wu Mingguang , Qi Shihan , Wang Huaping , Huang Junda , Li Fang , Tang Dongliang , Ma Jianmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structure and components of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial to direct the growth of lithium particles. However, it is hard to have control over them. Herein, an SEI that shares the properties of Li2CO3‐rich and LiF‐rich types is realized by using different fluorine phenylphospines, and constructing a Li2CO3/LiF‐rich heterostructured SEI by using tris(4‐fluorophenyl)phosphine (TFPP) as the electrolyte additive. The well‐balanced SEI formed in TFPP‐containing electrolyte has the fast Li+ transport kinetics of Li2CO3, good electron insulator capability of LiF, and strong affinity toward Li+. It can effectively guarantee fast, uniform Li+ flux through the SEI while preventing electrons from the Li anode entering into SEI, and thus realizes uniform and dense Li deposition at the SEI/Li interface. As expected, the Li anode with TFPP‐containing electrolyte achieves a stable Li plating/stripping over 400 h at 1mA cm−2 while the full cell with a high‐voltage LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode also enables long‐term stability with a capacity retention (87.8% after 200 cycles) at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent rate performance.
How Much Technological Progress is Needed to Make Solar Hydrogen Cost‐Competitive?
Authors: Schneidewind Jacob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCost‐effective production of green hydrogen is a major challenge for global adoption of a hydrogen economy. Technologies such as photoelectrochemical (PEC) or photocatalytic (PC) water splitting and photovoltaic + electrolysis (PV+E) allow for sustainable hydrogen production from sunlight and water, but are not yet competitive with fossil fuel‐derived hydrogen. Herein, open‐source software for techno‐economic analysis (pyH2A) along with a Monte Carlo‐based methodology for modelling of technological progress are developed. Together, these tools allow for the study of required technological improvement to reach a competitive target cost. They are applied to PEC, PC, and PV+E to identify required progress for each and derive actionable research targets. For PEC, it is found that cell lifetime improvements (>2 years) and operation under high solar concentration (>50‐fold) are crucial, necessitating systems with high space‐time yields. In the case of PC, solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency has to reach at least 6%, and lowering catalyst concentration (<0.2 g L−1) by improving absorption properties is identified as a promising path to low‐cost hydrogen. PV+E requires ≈two or threefold capital cost reductions for photovoltaic and electrolyzer components. It is hoped that these insights can inform materials research efforts to improve these technologies in the most impactful ways.
Chitogel following endoscopic sinus surgery promotes a healthy microbiome and reduces postoperative infections
Authors: Megow Anna , Alsuliman Yazeed , Bouras George , Menberu Martha , Vyskocil Erich , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative infections following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) impair wound healing and lead to poor outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Chitogel to reduce postoperative infections and restore a healthy microbiome following ESS.MethodsIn this double‐blinded randomized control trial, 25 patients undergoing ESS were prospectively recruited. At the end of surgery, patients were randomized to receive Chitogel to one side of the sinuses (allowing the other side to serve as control). Patients underwent routine follow‐up with nasoendoscopies performed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Sinus ostial measurements, microbiology, and microbiome swabs from bilateral sides were collected intraoperatively and at 12 weeks postoperatively. Additional swabs were collected if infection was present.ResultsImproved endoscopic appearance of the sinuses (p = 0.03) and ostial patency were noted on the Chitogel side compared with control at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in infections on the Chitogel side (12.0%) compared with control (52.0%) (p = 0.005) was evident. Following the use of Chitogel, there was a significant increase in the combined relative abundance of commensals Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) from 30.15% at baseline to 46.62% at 12 weeks compared with control (47.18% to 40.79%) (p.adj = 0.01).ConclusionChitogel significantly improved both the nasoendoscopic appearance of the sinuses and sinus ostial patency at 12 weeks postoperatively. Chitogel used following ESS helps restore an improved microbiome resulting in an increase in the relative abundance of commensals Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium). A significant decrease in postoperative infections was noted following use of Chitogel.
Exponentially Enhanced Single‐Photon Cross‐Kerr Nonlinearity in Quantum Optomechanics
Authors: Xie Ji‐Kun , Ma Sheng‐Li , Li Xin‐Ke , Ren Ya‐Long , Cao Ming‐tao , Li Fu‐Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrong cross‐Kerr nonlinearity at the single‐photon level is crucial for various quantum applications, but usually very difficult to achieve. In this work, an efficient method to generate and exponentially enhance the cross‐Kerr nonlinearity in quantum optomechanics of two optical cavities coupled to a common mechanical resonator is proposed. Through periodically modulating the mechanical spring constant, a nonlinear two‐phonon drive can be acquired to amplify the mechanical zero‐point fluctuations. As a result, the exponentially enhanced cross‐Kerr interaction between the two optical modes can be realized via the amplified mechanical motion. The distinct feature of this scheme is that a true enhancement of cross‐Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved at the single‐photon level. As intriguing applications, it is also also proposed to generate anticorrelated photon blockade and stabilize one‐photon Fock state based on the enhanced nonlinearity. The present work may provide an appealing way for creating strong cross‐Kerr coupling.
Rheology—Composition relationship of vitrimers based on polyethyleneimine
Authors: Jarach Natanel , Dodiuk Hanna , Kenig Samuel , Naveh Naum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of chemical composition on the rheology of a reversible covalent bond containing polyethyleneimine (RCBP) was studied. RCBPs, also known as vitrimers, exhibit thermoplastic‐like processability, but unlike thermoplastic polymers, their behavior is not driven by disentanglement, and all the bonds undergo transformation (almost) simultaneously at constant average crosslink density. Therefore, no lower plateau was observed in a viscosity‐shear rate plot. Transimination, the principal mechanism that imparts flowability, consists of two mechanisms—imine exchange and imine metathesis. Metathesis is only activated by heat, while imine exchange is activated also by stress. Imine metathesis provides low viscosity values at higher crosslink density. A lower viscosity (1092 compared to 22,986 at 100 Hz) was accomplished by adding 4 wt% triethylenetetramine (TETA). An Arrhenius‐type behavior is shown via relaxation tests with three distinct regions—up to 125°C (only imine exchange), between 125°C and 160°C (imine exchange and imine metathesis) and above 160°C (imine reduction to amine). Imine metathesis seems to promote flow at intermediate temperatures, and at around 150°C, the material behaves as a viscous fluid, otherwise at higher or lower temperatures the dynamic behavior is that of an elastic solid.
Envy and extreme violence
Authors: Knoll James L. , White Stephen G. , Meloy J. Reid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvy is an emotion capable of producing distorted perceptions and cognitions. Intense envy is associated with adverse states such as shame, depression, inferiority, isolation, anxiety, paranoia, and even violent criminal behavior. The false logic of envy asserts that one has an unfavorable disadvantage, while obscuring the relative nature of advantage, so that the other appears enhanced while one feels diminished. This position generates resentment toward the other. There may come a point at which the envious person's goal is to harm the other's ability to enjoy the perceived advantages—the wish to destroy goodness as formulated by Melanie Klein. The psychodynamics are discussed by which destructive envy produces or enhances a persecutory mindset and desire for revenge so powerful that lethal violence is chosen as an option. The concepts ofobliterative envyandpseudo‐spiritual transformationare introduced, and forensic case examples are used to demonstrate how envy produces persecutory cognitions and facilitates the desire to “obliterate” what is perceived as an unjust, intolerable reality. This psychodynamic process follows an instructive pattern that may benefit forensic and other clinical mental health professionals, as well as practitioners of the increasingly recognized specialty of threat assessment and violence risk mitigation. To this end, the proximal and distal risk indicators of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP‐18), a validated structured professional judgment instrument for assessing the risk of lone actor terrorist attacks, are identified that correlate with the stages of progression toward obliterative envy and pseudo‐spiritual transformation.
How do properties of data, their curation, and their funding relate to reuse?
Authors: Hemphill Libby , Pienta Amy , Lafia Sara , Akmon Dharma , Bleckley David A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite large public investments in facilitating the secondary use of data, there is little information about the specific factors that predict data's reuse. Using data download logs from the Inter‐university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), this study examines how data properties, curation decisions, and repository funding models relate to data reuse. We find that datasets deposited by institutions, subject to many curatorial tasks, and whose access and preservation is funded externally, are used more often. Our findings confirm that investments in data collection, curation, and preservation are associated with more data reuse.
Metalloenzymes for Fatty Acid‐Derived Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis: Nature's Cryptic Catalysts
Authors: Iqbal Tabish , Chakraborty Suryadeep , Murugan Subhashini , Das Debasis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWaning resources, massive energy consumption, ever‐deepening global warming crisis, and climate change have raised grave concerns regarding continued dependence on fossil fuels as the predominant source of energy and generated tremendous interest for developing biofuels, which are renewable. Hydrocarbon‐based ′drop‐in′ biofuels can be a proper substitute for fossil fuels such as gasoline or jet fuel. In Nature, hydrocarbons are produced by diverse organisms such as insects, plants, bacteria, and cyanobacteria. Metalloenzymes play a crucial role in hydrocarbons biosynthesis, and the past decade has witnessed discoveries of a number of metalloenzymes catalyzing hydrocarbon biosynthesis from fatty acids and their derivatives employing unprecedented mechanisms. These discoveries elucidated the enigma related to the divergent chemistries involved in the catalytic mechanisms of these metalloenzymes. There is substantial diversity in the structure, mode of action, cofactor requirement, and substrate scope among these metalloenzymes. Detailed structural analysis along with mutational studies of some of these enzymes have contributed significantly to identifying the key amino acid residues that dictate substrate specificity and catalytic intricacy. In this Review, we discuss the metalloenzymes that catalyze fatty acid‐derived hydrocarbon biosynthesis in various organisms, emphasizing the active site architecture, catalytic mechanism, cofactor requirements, and substrate specificity of these enzymes. Understanding such details is essential for successfully implementing these enzymes in emergent biofuel research through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches.
Differentiator‐based time delay control for uncertain robot manipulators
Authors: Wang Huan , Su Yuxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐quality acceleration signal plays a significant role in fast and precise trajectory tracking of robot manipulators via time delay control (TDC). This paper proposes a fast transient tracking differentiator (FTD) for obtaining the noise‐less time derivative from a noisy measurement within the framework of tracking differentiator (TD) design methodology. Global asymptotic convergence of the proposed FTD is proven by Lyapunov's direct method and TD theory. The proposed FTD is cascaded to construct an acceleration estimation and is integrated with the commonly used TDC for an improved trajectory tracking of robot manipulators in the presences of parametric uncertainties and bounded disturbances. Numerical simulations and real‐time experimental validation comparisons demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an easy‐going model‐free improved design for fast and accurate trajectory tracking of robot manipulators with position measurement only.
Eukaryotic cellular intricacies shape mitochondrial proteomic complexity
Authors: Hammond Michael , Dorrell Richard G. , Speijer Dave , Lukeš Julius 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondria have been fundamental to the eco‐physiological success of eukaryotes since the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). They contribute essential functions to eukaryotic cells, above and beyond classical respiration. Mitochondria interact with, and complement, metabolic pathways occurring in other organelles, notably diversifying the chloroplast metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Here, we integrate existing literature to investigate how mitochondrial metabolism varies across the landscape of eukaryotic evolution. We illustrate the mitochondrial remodelling and proteomic changes undergone in conjunction with major evolutionary transitions. We explore how the mitochondrial complexity of the LECA has been remodelled in specific groups to support subsequent evolutionary transitions, such as the acquisition of chloroplasts in photosynthetic species and the emergence of multicellularity. We highlight the versatile and crucial roles played by mitochondria during eukaryotic evolution, extending from its huge contribution to the development of the LECA itself to the dynamic evolution of individual eukaryote groups, reflecting both their current ecologies and evolutionary histories.
Membrane extraction by calmodulin underpins the disparate signalling of RalA and RalB
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel G. , Owen Darerca , Mott Helen R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth RalA and RalB interact with the ubiquitous calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM). New structural and biophysical characterisation of these interactions strongly suggests that, in the native membrane‐associated state, only RalA can be extracted from the membrane by CaM and this non‐canonical interaction could underpin the divergent signalling roles of these closely related GTPases. The isoform specificity for RalA exhibited by CaM is hypothesised to contribute to the disparate signalling roles of RalA and RalB in mitochondrial dynamics. This would lead to CaM shuttling RalA to the mitochondrial membrane but leaving RalB localisation unperturbed, and in doing so triggering mitochondrial fission pathways rather than mitophagy.
Capillary and microchip electrophoresis method development for amino acid monitoring during biopharmaceutical cultivation
Authors: Mikkonen Saara , Josefsson Leila , Mäkinen Meeri E.‐L. , Chotteau Veronique , Emmer Åsa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increased use of biopharmaceuticals calls for improved means of bioprocess monitoring. In this work, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microchip electrophoresis (MCE) methods were developed and applied for the analysis of amino acids (AAs) in cell culture supernatant. In samples from different days of a Chinese hamster ovary cell cultivation process, all 19 proteinogenic AAs containing primary amine groups could be detected using CE, and 17 out of 19 AAs using MCE. The relative concentration changes in different samples agreed well with those measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compared to the more commonly employed HPLC analysis, the CE and MCE methods resulted in faster analysis, while significantly lowering both the sample and reagent consumption, and the cost per analysis.