bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a new world order and ideas of mass destruction
Authors: Mehdi Syed Sikander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreparation to draw the roadmap for the post‐pandemic world has already begun. Different power centers, leading research institutes, universities, and media houses have been organizing seminars and conferences and sponsoring research studies on the power and resourcefulness of the new world order to meet the challenges of the arriving future. In this context, the traditional approach focuses on the future of US‐China relations after COVID‐19 and its impact on the world at large. However, the world has undergone a sea change. Everything has been unsettled by COVID‐19. The credibility of the great powers has suffered enormously from their inability to save the world from capitulation. Worse still, for the global population of over 7 billion, the world virtually became a global prison. It is therefore likely that the post‐pandemic world order will be significantly different from the past world orders, and that a number of the settled rules of the game will be challenged. Perhaps the time has arrived to study and discuss the current and emerging threats, keeping in view the deadly consequences of ignoring the ideas of mass destruction any longer—and to devise strategies to diminish their role in the making and unmaking of world orders. It seems that the role of peace educators and scholars in the post‐pandemic period will be more significant than ever before, and the arriving world order will immensely benefit from new knowledge, new ideas, and new perspectives that they offer.
Non‐Propositional Regulation☆
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe , Moroni Stefano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen thinking about how human behaviour is regulated, one generally imagines a regulation consisting of norms linguistically expressed in sentences: that is, “sentential deontic regulation”. However, this notion of regulation is reductive because there are (non‐deontic and) non‐sentential forms of regulation. In this article, we do not restrict our investigation to (non‐deontic and) non‐sentential forms of regulation; we examine whether there are forms of (non‐deontic) regulation that are even not propositional. In this regard, we advance the hypothesis that there are indeed cases of “non‐propositional regulation”: that is, regulation that does not need propositions and propositional contents.
A review on the potential effects of temperature on fungicide effectiveness
Authors: Juroszek Peter , Laborde Marie , Kleinhenz Benno , Mellenthin Marina , Racca Paolo , Sierotzki Helge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFungicides are one possible way to manage fungal and oomycete plant pathogens in order to safeguard yield and quality of crops and to improve shelf‐life of produce in agriculture and horticulture. However, global warming and the resulting temperature increase may affect the effectiveness of some important fungicides, including efficacy and duration of plant disease control. Nevertheless, according to our literature survey, there is little specific information available on whether and how temperature influences the effectiveness of fungicides. The very few publications that show specific data are summarized herein. Specific data are mainly gained under controlled conditions, both based on in vitro and in planta experiments. Field data are more or less missing. Most researchers assume that indirect effects of temperature on fungicide efficacy are particularly important. For example, temperature effects on pathogen spore germination and hyphal growth (optimal versus sub‐ and supra‐optimal), whereby optimal temperature conditions can improve pathogen fitness, thereby increasing the tolerance of pathogens to fungicides. Presumably, these indirect effects are often more important than the direct effects of temperature on fungicide performance. However, the data needed to prove this assumption are lacking. Therefore, it would be beneficial to conduct more in‐depth laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments in order to investigate the potential direct and indirect influence of temperature on the effectiveness of important fungicides. This would enable the establishment of appropriate recommendations for fungicide use in an increasingly warmer world and would assist the development of future fungicide solutions, based on improved knowledge.
Wheat stem rust recorded for the first time in decades in Ireland
Authors: Tsushima Ayako , Lewis Clare M. , Flath Kerstin , Kildea Stephen , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), occurs in most wheat‐growing areas worldwide, and, in western Europe since 2013, has started to re‐emerge after many decades of absence. Following this trend across western Europe, in 2020, we also detected and recorded wheat stem rust for the first time in five decades in experimental plots across five locations in Ireland. To examine the potential origin of the Irish Pgt infection in 2020, we carried out transcriptome sequencing on 12 Pgt‐infected wheat samples collected across Ireland and compared these to 76 global P. graminis isolates. This analysis identified a close genetic relationship between the Irish Pgt isolates and those from Ethiopia collected in 2015 after a severe stem rust epidemic caused by the TKTTF Pgt race, and with the UK‐01 Pgt isolate that was previously assigned to the TKTTF race. Subsequent pathology‐based race profiling designated two Irish isolates and recent UK and French Pgt isolates to the TKTTF Pgt race group. This suggests that the Irish Pgt occurrence most probably originated from recent long‐distance windborne dispersal of Pgt urediniospores from neighbouring countries in Europe where we confirmed the Pgt TKTTF race continues to be prevalent. The identification of wheat stem rust in Ireland at multiple locations in 2020 illustrates that the disease can occur in Ireland and emphasizes the need to re‐initiate local monitoring for this re‐emergent threat to wheat production across western Europe.
Characterization of asbestos exposures associated with the use of facial makeups
Authors: Holton Michael , Ellis Jennifer , Anderson Evan , Poole James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in the safety of cosmetics that may contain asbestos or other elongate mineral particles at very low levels as a naturally occurring contaminant. The authors evaluated asbestos exposure during the application of facial makeups in a constructed chamber simulating a bathroom space. The facial makeups tested included products previously found to have very low or “trace” asbestos content by governmental and commercial laboratories using a variety of bulk analysis methods. Tremolite asbestos was detected in five of 54 personal air samples and three of 72 area air samples in 18 simulations. The calculated geometric mean and 95th percentile task‐based asbestos concentration associated with personal facial makeup use in this study, incorporating censored data, is 0.0015 and 0.0018 fiber per cubic centimeter (f/cc), respectively, with a corresponding 95th percentile 24‐h time‐weighted average (TWA) asbestos concentration of 0.00008 f/cc for three applications per day in a simulated bathroom with no active ventilation. Based on these results, cumulative non‐occupational asbestos exposures confer a less than one in 1,000,000 risk of asbestos‐related disease based on many typical usage patterns and less than 1/100,000 risk with upper‐end lifetime usage patterns, using the US Environmental Protection Agency asbestos risk model.
Information effects on lay tradeoffs between national regulatory costs and benefits
Authors: Johnson Branden B. , Finkel Adam M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel stated‐preference “macro‐risk” approach introduced to estimate the life‐prolonging benefits of proposed environmental, health, and safety regulations may answer questions unasked or wrongly answered by conventional revealed‐preference (e.g., “wage premiums” for high occupational risks) and stated‐preference methods (e.g., willingness to pay for tiny reductions in one's own premature death risk). This new approach asks laypeople to appraise directly their preferred tradeoffs between national regulatory costs and lives prolonged nationwide (regulatory benefits). However, this method may suffer from incomplete lay understanding of national‐scale consequences (e.g., billions of dollars in regulatory costs; hundreds of lives prolonged) or tradeoffs (e.g., what are lives prolonged worth?). Here we (1) tested effects of numerical contextual examples to ground each hypothetical regulatory tradeoff, and (2) explored why some people implicitly offer “implausible” values (< $10,000 or > $1 billion) for the social benefit of prolonging one life. In Study 1 (n = 356), after testing their separate effects, we combined three contextual‐information aids: (1) comparing hypothetical regulatory costs and benefits to real‐life higher and lower values; (2) reframing large numbers into smaller, more familiar terms; and (3) framing regulatory costs as having diffuse versus concentrated impacts. Information increased social benefits values on average (from $4.5 million to $13.8 million). Study 2 (n = 402) found that the most common explanations for “implausible” values included inattention, strong attitudes about regulation, and problems translating values into responses. We discuss implications for this novel stated‐preferences method, and for comparing it to micro‐risk methods.
Integrated approach for spatial flood susceptibility assessment in Bhagirathi sub‐basin, India using entropy information theory and geospatial technology
Authors: Rehman Sufia , Hasan Mohd. Sayeed Ul , Rai Abhishek Kumar , Rahaman Md. Hibjur , Avtar Ram , Sajjad Haroon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobally, floods as dynamic hydraulic hazard have caused widespread damages to both socioeconomic conditions and environment at various scales. Managing flood and management of water resource is a global challenge under the changing climatic condition. This study assessed flood susceptibility in the Bhagirathi sub‐basin, India using entropy information theory and geospatial technology. Twelve flood susceptibility parameters such as land use/land cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope, elevation, geology, geomorphology, normalized difference water index (NDWI), soil, drainage density, average rainfall, maximum temperature, and humidity during monsoon season were utilized to examine flood susceptibility. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Leave‐One‐Out Cross‐Validation (LOOCV) techniques were carried out to validate flood susceptibility map. Kappa statistics was also used to check the reliability of the flood susceptibility model. Findings of the study revealed that nearly 45% area of the sub‐basin was highly susceptible to flood followed by moderate (29.3%), very high (19%), low (6.9%), and very low (0.2%). These findings also revealed that nearly 92% area in the eastern, north‐eastern, and deltaic sub‐basin was susceptible to floods. ROC analysis indicated high success (0.932) and prediction (0.903) rates for the susceptibility map while LOOCV (R2 being 0.97) and Kappa (k = 0.934) have shown substantial prediction of the model. Hence, the susceptibility maps are useful for the local planners and government organization in designing the early flood warning system, and reducing the human and economic losses. The methodology used in this study is applicable for analyzing flood susceptibility at spatial scales in similar systems.
The role of trust and risk perception in current German nuclear waste management
Authors: Seidl Roman , Drögemüller Cord , Krütli Pius , Walther Clemens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the lessons learned in various countries that have to deal with spent nuclear fuel is that finding a proper place and siting a repository for high‐level nuclear waste (HLW) cannot be achieved without public consent. After decades of obstruction, Germany recently launched a new, participatory, site‐selection process for the disposal of HLW in deep geological formations. Nonetheless, significant opposition is assumed. Therefore, citizens’ trust in the procedure and the agents involved may be paramount. We conducted an online survey (N ≈ 5000) in March/April 2020 to test a theoretical model on trust, perceived risks and benefits, and acceptance. We differentiated acceptance as a dependent variable according to distinct phases: the procedure, a possible decision on a disposal location, and the repository facility itself. The results show that trust is mainly important for explaining acceptance of the ongoing procedure and less so for the acceptance of the decision or the repository facility itself. Moreover, our investigation of the sample using a cluster analysis reveals characteristic patterns of trust, risk perception, and acceptance by three clusters: a cluster focusing on risk perception, an ambivalent cluster, and an indifferent cluster. Trust is lowest in the risk‐focused cluster and highest in the ambivalent cluster.
Survey of companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial drug prescription practices and awareness of antimicrobial drug use guidelines in the United States
Authors: Taylor Daniel D. , Martin Jennifer N. , Scallan Walter Elaine J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial drug use in companion animal medicine, the subsequent development of antimicrobial resistance and the potential hazard of animals transmitting resistant bacteria to humans are of increasing concern. Antimicrobial prescription patterns among companion animal veterinarians in the United States are understudied, and the association between antimicrobial drug use guideline awareness and antimicrobial drug prescription practices is unknown. Information on antimicrobial recommendations for five hypothetical clinical scenarios, including canine pyoderma, acute canine diarrhoea, feline lower urinary tract illness, canine dental procedures and feline upper respiratory illness, was gathered using an anonymous, online cross‐sectional survey. A logistic regression approach was used to assess the association between self‐reported awareness of antimicrobial drug use guidelines and prescribing recommendations for the five hypothetical scenarios. Responses (n = 2,410) indicated antimicrobial drugs were commonly recommended for the five hypothetical clinical scenarios. After controlling for key demographic characteristics, prescribers who reported an awareness of existing antimicrobial drug use guidelines were significantly less likely to recommend antimicrobial drugs for the scenarios describing feline lower urinary symptoms, feline upper respiratory illness and canine acute diarrhoea. Results from hypothetical clinical scenarios point to the possibility for widespread unsupported prescribing of antimicrobial drugs in companion animal medicine. Additionally, results provide evidence of an association between awareness of antimicrobial drug use guidelines and lower prescribing levels for certain hypothetical disease presentations.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Water Treatment on the Change in the Microstructure of Wheat Grain, Dough, and Wheat Flour Bread
Authors: Naumenko Natalia , Potoroko Irina , Kalinina Irina , Naumenko Ekaterina , Ivanisova Eva 
Published: January 2022

Visualization of the microstructure of the food matrix of both raw materials and the final product is one of the keys to understanding the processes occurring during its formation. It is the fixation of the results at the microlevel that allows us to form a hypothesis and then confirm it with the obtained array of experimental data. The presented study is aimed at studying the effect of ultrasonic water treatment on the change in the microstructure of wheat grain during its humidification. The article also presents the results of studying the microstructure of dough and wheat flour bread obtained using water after ultrasonic water treatment and the intensity of the processes of staling of finished bread in storage. The object of the study was grain of soft spring white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), varieties of Lubava, harvest 2014-2018, Russia (the protein content was

12.5
±
0.3

g
/
100

g

in terms of humidity); dough and bread made from wheat flour (ash content 0.55%, mass fraction of gluten 28.5%), produced using the technology of plain bread, a classic recipe without improvers. Ultrasound-treated water with an exposure frequency of

22
±
1.65

kHz and with a power variation of 252-630 W/l was used in test technology. The experimental data obtained made it possible to establish the intensification of the processes of swelling of wheat grain during soaking. In the experimental samples, after 8 hours of soaking, the loosened structure of the endosperm and evenly swollen components of the grain were observed, and the loop of the groove was closed. Activation of the processes of dough science was established, and gluten flour in the dough formed a single monolithic frame, in which the swollen starch grains are tightly packed. The interstitial walls of the crumb of the prototypes consisted of a solid mass of protein coagulated during baking, inside of which swollen gelatinized starch grains are interspersed, they are closely adjacent to the mass of coagulated protein with their entire surface, and therefore, there is no sharp, clearly visible boundary between them. The most pronounced changes in the structure of the dough and bread crumb were noted when using water, after ultrasonic water treatment at a power of 504 and 630 W/l. This method of exposure can be recommended as the best for obtaining good quality bread with less pronounced staling during storage.
Antidiarrheal and Antisecretory Effect of 80% Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa stenopetala Baker f. in Mice
Authors: Woldeyohannes Menbere Getaneh , Eshete Gelila Tamyalew , Abiye Alfoalem Araba , Hailu Abebe Ejigu , Huluka Solomon Assefa , Tadesse Wondmagegn Tamiru 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In Ethiopia, different medicinal plants have been claimed and used to treat diarrheal diseases. However, these claimed effects for most medicinal plants have not been scientifically verified. One of such plants in Ethiopian folkloric medicine is Moringa stenopetala, which is usually consumed as a vegetable in southern Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal and antisecretory effects of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala in different mice models. Method. Using Swiss albino mice, castor oil-induced diarrhea, charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility, and castor oil-induced secretion models were employed to assess antidiarrheal activity. In all of the test models, animals were randomly assigned into five groups consisting of six animals in each group. Group I received 0.5 ml of the vehicle (2% tween-80), while group II was treated with standard drug (3 mg/kg loperamide) in the respective models, whereas groups III to V received 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extracts of Moringa stenopetala. Onset, frequency, consistency, and weight of stool (diarrhea) were recorded, and different parameters and percentage proportions were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, and

p

< 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence of interval. Result. In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the percentage inhibition of diarrhea was 48.5, 58.6, and 60% for the respective doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg of the extract. And, the extract showed a 36.8, 54.4, and 55.9% reduction of peristalsis in charcoal meal-based gastrointestinal motility test compared to the negative control group. Moreover, in the antisecretory assay, the 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg doses of MEMS inhibited fluid contents of the stool by 11.5, 54.54, and 61.82%, respectively, relative to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion. The findings revealed that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala extract has shown antidiarrheal activity.
Operative and Survival Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Elderly and Very Elderly Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea
Authors: Cuellar-Gomez Hugo , Rusli Siti Mayuha , Ocharan-Hernández María Esther , Lee Tae-Hoon , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò , Kim Seon-Hahn , Vargas-De-León Cruz 
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Objectives. Most patients with colorectal cancer are elderly. Literature is scarce on elderly patients submitted to robotic-assisted surgery, despite the feasibility shown in other age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative and survival outcomes of robotic-assisted colorectal cancer surgery in elderly patients. Materials and Methods. Data of all patients ≥75 years who underwent a robotic-assisted curative resection in Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea, between January 2007 and January 2021 were extracted from a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database. Patients were subdivided into the three groups according to the age: youngest-old (YO: 75–80 years), middle-old (MO: 81–85), and oldest-old (OO: ≥86 years). Intraoperative findings, postoperative, and oncological outcomes were compared between the groups. Results. Seventy-six consecutive patients (female 52.6%) were included; mean age was 80 years (SD 0.33); mean body mass index (BMI), 23.8 20.9 kg/m2 (SD 3.58); mean total operative time, 279 min (SD 80.93); mean blood loss, 186 ml (SD 204.03); mean postoperative length of stay, 14 days (SD 12.03). Major complications were seen in 2.1% of patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Average number of lymph node harvested was 20.9 (SD 12.33). Postoperative complications were not statistically different between the groups. Mean follow-up time for cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 99.28 months for the YO, 72.11 months for MO, and 31.25 months for OO groups (

p

= 0.045). The CSS rates at 5 years were 27.0%, 21.0%, and 0%, respectively. Recurrence risk was 10.50 times higher in the OO group than the others (adjusted HR, 95% CI 1.868–59.047,

p

= 0.008). In the multivariable analysis, TNM stage was not a risk factor for CSS in all groups. The number of the harvested nodes was a protective factor for recurrence (HR of 0.932, 95% CI 0.875–0.992,

p

= 0.027) and CSS (HR of 0.928, 95% CI 0.861–0.999,

p

= 0.047) in elderly patients. Conclusion. Robotic surgery is highly feasible in elderly and very elderly colorectal cancer patients, providing a favorable operative safety profile and an acceptable cancer-specific survival outcome.
Pentecostal Engagement with the Concept of Salvation Employed by African Neopentecostalism
Authors: Nel Marius 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article argues for the necessity of continuing discourse between established Christianity and African Neopentecostalism to benefit both. The seeming popularity of the African Neopentecostal prosperity gospel is attributed to its ability to contextualise the gospel to Africans regarding the highly appreciated material, physical, and spiritual wellness values. It consists of being hopeful that a positive future will realise because of an entrepreneurial attitude that provides a handle on bettering the future and consistent tithing that guarantees God’s blessings. Strong preacher-prophets proclaim the message with great authority. Its soteriology is described in terms of the Deuteronomist concept of guaranteed blessings that emphasises the material and immediate providence. It challenges established churches to reconsider how they view the relationship between faith and materiality, the doctrine of divine providence, contextualisation of the gospel and denial of the supranatural. The dialogue will also benefit Neopentecostalists when it confronts some abuses, eschatological expectations, understanding of time, understanding of evil in God’s sovereignty and involvement in ecological challenges.