bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Pregnancy in Caesarean Scar (CSP) - a Clinical Description of the Case
Authors: Gruszka Jakub , Świercz Grzegorz , Zwierzyńska Anna , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga 
Published: April 2022

Early pregnancy, in the lower part of the uterus, in the Caesarean scar (CSP), is a type of ectopic pregnancy. It can cause serious complications if left untreated.
CSP, with a positive embryo/foetal heart function, treated on a waiting list, has been associated with a high, maternal burden, haemorrhaging, early uterine rupture, hysterectomy and severe AIP. Some pregnancies, made the more complicated with CSP, can progress to term, making it difficult to decide whether termination of the pregnancy may be the only treatment option for these women. Expectant management in CSP, without cardiac activity, may be an option because of the low risk of maternal complications requiring immediate intervention. Nevertheless, close monitoring is recommended, in order to avoid complications in pregnant women. Endovaginal USG is the main method in the diagnosis of this disease, since it is not affected by external factors. Therefore, this type of ultrasound diagnosis has better diagnostic efficacy, in the case of this type of ectopic pregnancy CSP.
Validation of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale in Portuguese palliative care settings: a methodological study
Authors: Santos Susana , Martins Helga , Capelas Manuel Luís , Domingues Tiago Dias , Caldeira Sílvia , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston 
Published: April 2022

Background: Spirituality is a critical dimension in palliative care, but difficulties have been described in literature concerning the effective implementation and measuring of spiritual care. Aim: To translate, adapt and validate the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS) in Portuguese palliative care settings. Methods: A methodological study was conducted. A final version of the questionnaire included the scale and was submitted to full psychometric testing using nurses working in Portuguese palliative care settings. Findings: A total of 88 nurses participated. The average age of the sample was 36.1 ± 8.93 years (range 23–60 years), and 92.0% were women. A Cronbach alpha value of 0.88; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy 0.80; and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were adequate. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring with an oblimin rotation that resulted in a three-factors solution. Conclusion: The European Portuguese NSCTS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the frequency of nurses' activities concerning spirituality in palliative care.
The Gold Standards Framework Hospital programme: implementation and progress
Authors: Thomas Keri , Armstrong-Wilson Julie , Clifford Collette 
Published: April 2022

Aim: The implementation and impact of the Gold Standards Framework Hospitals (GSFH) service development programme is described. Background: A third of hospital inpatients may be in their last year of life when admitted to hospital. Many will be repeat and unplanned admissions. National policy guidance seeks to change this pattern through implementing patient choice in end-of-life care (EOLC) planning. Method: GSFH training and resources help general hospital staff teams develop skills as they identify patients nearing the end of life, rapidly assess their needs and offer advance care planning (ACP). Findings: Audit data shows teams that have undergone GSFH training demonstrate earlier identification of patients needing EOLC and offer ACP targeting their individual care needs. Conclusion: The model has been taken up by over 350 hospital wards, with a large number seeking accreditation to demonstrate sustainability of good practice in EOLC management.
Medium-specific aspects of digital reading and their impact on reading comprehension
Authors: Petrová Zuzana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper analyses empirical research results comparing the impact of the medium (traditional, paper-based vs. screen-based) on the reading process and text comprehension. It focuses on two analytical approaches—the first looks at the construction of cognitive maps of texts and the other the material aspects of the medium – which enable readers to orientate themselves and to explore and interpret the text more comprehensively. The paper discusses differences in how readers approach textual meaning according to experience of using digital technologies, the text, and reader experience and abilities. It concludes by arguing that strengthening these individual experiences and abilities is key to effective inference of textual meaning.
Designing digital tools for quality assurance in 24-hour home-care in Austria
Authors: Hauser Carina , Kupka-Klepsch Elisabeth , Haslinger-Baumann Elisabeth , Werner Franz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of 24-hour care makes it a major source of support for elderly people in need of home-based care in Austria. Language barriers, feelings of isolation when living with chronically ill people and a lack of adequate training and quality control create stressful working conditions for 24-hour caregivers in Austria, who mainly come from Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. The challenges not only affect the 24-hour caregivers themselves but also their clients, relatives and registered care agency nurses in care settings. The aim of the qualitative study was to assess user needs in order to develop an app to improve working conditions and quality assurance in 24-hour home-care. The study consisted of guided interviews, focus group and cultural probes and 45 interviewees (24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, relatives and registered nurses). The collected data were analyzed using Kuckartz’s method of content structuring qualitative content analysis. The main results show that 24-hour caregivers predominantly require information about common geriatric diseases and the law on 24-hour care. Additionally, medical emergencies can cause insecurities, which creates high interest in professional emergency management skills. Clients and relatives are especially interested in 24-hour caregivers having better German language skills. Care agencies and registered nurses would particularly welcome electronic care documentation to ensure traceability of the activities and measures taken.
The study points to the need for a digital tool that would meet demand for an appropriate assistance system for 24-hour home-care that complies with the AAL (active and assisted living) requirements of the aligned project. Therefore, the intended software solution meets challenges in 24-hour home-care for 24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, their relatives and professionals involved in the 24-hour care setting.
Symbolic coping: Young people’s perspectives during the Covid-19 pandemic in three Central European countries
Authors: Puhrová Barbora Petrů , Lukšík Ivan , Scheitel Regina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out what interpretive repertoires young people use in the symbolic management of the pandemic. Qualitative research using several methods on a sample of 172 young people in three countries, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria, and the subsequent discursive analysis showed that young people symbolically coped during the Covid-19 pandemic with the help of widespread concepts such as cutting off, closing sci-fi and panic. The interpretations used by young people to symbolically deal with the pandemic are close to those present in the public discourse—the discourses of threat, loss, emotion—but there was also a search for the concepts and language for use by experts and the general public in communicating about the pandemic. There were no significant differences in the interpretations of life during the Covid-19 pandemic in the three Central European countries.
The other side of the coin: A narrative inquiry into the positive consequences of infidelity among young adults
Authors: Hnatkovičová Denisa , Kallová Nikola , Hargašová Lucia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is certainly no shortage of studies describing the unwanted effects of infidelity in the relevant literature. By contrast, this paper examines the previously unexplored face of infidelity – namely, the subjectively perceived positive effects. One hundred and four participants from Slovakia in emerging and/or young adulthood shared their relationship history through semi-structured interviews (transcribed verbatim). Sixty-nine of these were self-moderated in written form. The same topics were covered in the two types of interview. Using a categorical-content analysis method, four categories were created. These described the constructive functions of infidelity, including enhancing relationship quality; aiding a desired breakup; satisfying unmet needs; and facilitating the decision-making process during the transition period before settling into a long-term relationship. For future research we recommend differentiating between beneficial episodes of infidelity, focusing on personal characteristics and subjective experiences of infidelity, and including non-heterosexual participants.
Thermal hydraulic characteristics of silicon irradiation in a typical MTR reactor
Authors: Ibrahim Said M. A. , Abdelmaksoud Abdelfatah , Helal W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional study is conducted for silicon ingot irradiation facility in a typical MTR reactor. The silicon ingot heat generation is allowed to change around its nominal value in the range of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 W/g. The dimensionless clearance ratio ζ between the ingot and the outer casing is changed for values of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2. The computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT is employed to carry out these calculations. The temperature profile inside the silicon ingot during irradiation is of significant importance for uniform doping. Therefore, the impact of Rayleigh number and dimensionless clearance ratio ζ on the radial and axial temperature profiles through the ingot is reported. A best estimate correlation for the silicon irradiation facility global Nusselt number in terms of Rayleigh and dimensionless clearance ratio is presented. The dimensionless clearance ratio ζ value of 0.05 gives the best thermal hydraulic performance. Comparison with the available experimental correlations in the literature shows good agreement.
Lifestyle factors, mental health, and incident and persistent intrusive pain among ageing adults in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal associations with incident and persistent intrusive pain among rural South Africans.

Methods
Longitudinal data from two consecutive waves in 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 in Agincourt, South Africa, were analysed. Pain was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory.

Results
In all, 683 adults of 3,628 participants without intrusive pain in Wave 1 (19.1%) had incident intrusive pain in Wave 2, 94 adults of 254 participants who had intrusive pain in Wave 1 (38.3%) had intrusive pain at both Wave 1 and 2 (persistent intrusive pain). Furthermore, 358 (7.2%) participants had intrusive pain at baseline. In the fully adjusted model for people without intrusive pain at baseline, the study found that obesity (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63), depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34–2.08), PTSD (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.19–2.45), and poor sleep quality (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.62) were positively associated with incident intrusive pain. Older age was positively, and male sex and daily alcohol use were negatively associated with incident intrusive pain. Furthermore, in the final adjusted logistic regression model, this study found that older age was positively, and underweight, overweight, and high sedentary behavior were negatively associated with persistent intrusive pain.

Conclusions
Several modifiable risk factors for incident and/or persistent intrusive pain were identified.
Inklusion und Exklusion im Sportverein: Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Ergebnisse zur Partizipation von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund im organisierten Sport
Authors: Borggrefe Carmen , Cachay Klaus 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, Mechanismen der Inklusion und Exklusion in Sportvereinen zu identifizieren, die die (Nicht-)Partizipation von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund am organisierten Sport erklären können. Im Lichte von theoretischen Überlegungen zur „symbolischen Grenzziehung“ und „Zugehörigkeit“ werden Ergebnisse aus Fallstudien in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Baden-Württemberg präsentiert.
Brain networks alterations in cocaine use and gambling disorders during emotion regulation
Authors: Picó-Pérez Maria , Costumero Víctor , Verdejo-Román Juan , Albein-Urios Natalia , Martínez-González José Miguel , Soriano-Mas Carles , Barrós-Loscertales Alfonso , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) and gambling disorder (GD) share clinical features and neural alterations, including emotion regulation deficits and dysfunctional activation in related networks. However, they also exhibit differential aspects, such as the neuroadaptive effects of long-term drug consumption in CUD as compared to GD. Neuroimaging research aimed at disentangling their shared and specific alterations can contribute to improve understanding of both disorders.

Methods
We compared CUD (N = 15), GD (N = 16) and healthy comparison (HC; N = 17) groups using a network-based approach for studying temporally coherent functional networks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of an emotion regulation task. We focused our analysis in limbic, ventral frontostriatal, dorsal attentional (DAN) and executive networks (FPN), given their involvement in emotion regulation and their alteration in CUD and GD. Correlations with measures of emotional experience and impulsivity (UPPS-P) were also performed.

Results
The limbic network was significantly decreased during emotional processing both for CUD and GD individuals compared to the HC group. Furthermore, GD participants compared to HC showed an increased activation in the ventral frontostriatal network during emotion regulation. Finally, networks' activation patterns were modulated by impulsivity traits.

Conclusions
Functional network analyses revealed both overlapping and unique effects of stimulant and gambling addictions on neural networks underpinning emotion regulation.
Progress and challenges in the theory and modeling of complex concentrated alloys
Authors: Curtin W. A. , Rao S. I. , Woodward C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe high atomic-scale complexity inherent in the aptly named complex concentrated alloys, or high entropy alloys, presents unique challenges in understanding (1) the structure and motion of defects that control mechanical properties and (2) the thermodynamic phase space encompassing stable, metastable, single, and multiphase alloys, possibly with chemical short range ordering. These factors plus the huge range of possible compositions makes computationally guided design of new high-performance alloys difficult but essential. Here, emerging concepts and theoretical frameworks for understanding defect structures, energies, and motion, and thermodynamics are discussed with a focus on yield strength and phase behavior. Pressing directions for future research are suggested to advance toward the predictive capabilities needed for alloy design.
Graphical abstract
The interplay between corrosion and cracks in reinforced concrete beams with non-uniform reinforcement corrosion
Authors: Berrocal Carlos G. , Fernandez Ignasi , Rempling Rasmus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the interplay between corrosion of reinforcement and corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete structures with non-uniform corrosion distribution based on the experimental results of a concrete beam simultaneously subjected to sustained deflection and accelerated corrosion through impressed current. Unlike previous studies, this work encompasses various refined techniques for the measurement of surface cracks, such as digital image correlation and distributed optical fiber sensors, as well as for the assessment of reinforcement corrosion, namely 3D laser scanning, to explore previously hidden aspects of the relationship between the two parameters. The applied techniques proved very effective in providing an unprecedented level of detail of both the crack development and corrosion distribution. More specifically, the formation and propagation of corrosion-induced cracks were accurately and constantly monitored over time and subsequently compared to the distribution of corrosion. The results revealed that determining the maximum corrosion level or even the location of the section with maximum corrosion based solely on visual inspection of the surface crack width may not be possible. However, the width of corrosion-induced cracks was found to increase linearly with the local corrosion level, implying that crack width monitoring can still be used to estimate the rate of corrosion degradation.
Women’s Leadership in Kazakhstan as a Driver of Social Maturation
Authors: Nadirova Gulnar , Калиева Шынар , Сейтметова Джанетта 
Published: April 2022

Studies of women’s leadership in Kazakhstan suggest that there are informal leaders who are firmly associated with real activities aimed at solving specific problems of society, especially in the social sphere. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors, characteristics and specific forms of informal female leadership that have influenced the maturation of civil society in Kazakhstan in recent decades, defining the strategies that they use to establish cooperation with decision-­making government agencies and individuals. Our hypothesis is that the participation of women activists expands the opportunities and scope of the civil sector in providing assistance to the most vulnerable members of the community, if they use strategies and tools that change the attitudes and approaches of state structures to these social problems. During our case study, as research methods we used observation and analysis of the activities of several women leaders, initiators of social and charitable movements. The primary and secondary sources used were interviews, media materials, and reports on performance results, ongoing projects, as well as official information on a number of issues affecting our theme. We tested the theories of transformational and adaptive leadership, as well as the concept of social capital, put forward by foreign scientists to practice female leadership in Kazakhstan, and concluded that they can be applied with certain adjustments for local conditions. We believe that in certain areas, the activities of non-governmental organizations led by women leaders are becoming more effective than the work of official bodies, which indicates an increase in the potential of civil society.
Гендерный дисбаланс в сфере науки: объективная статистика и субъективные смыслы
Authors: Таракановская Ксения Сергеевна 
Published: April 2022

В статье раскрывается проблематика гендерного дисбаланса в университетах сквозь призму баланса жизни и труда. Анализируются статистика в сфере науки и образования по гендерным показателям и смысловые конструкты проявления гендерного дисбаланса через концепт баланса жизни и труда. Статистические данные демонстрируют гендерный разрыв на всех ступенях научной карьерной лестницы (сохранение феномена «стеклянного потолка»), а субъективные смыслы показывают, что женщины ищут компромисс между карьерными амбициями и семьей. Возможность совмещения личной жизни и научной карьеры рефлексируется, но с определенными оговорками. Свою идентичность они связывают прежде всего с ролью матери, а в профессиональном плане чаще с ролью преподавателя. При этом отмечают худшее положение женщин с точки зрения темпов карьерного роста. Это отражается и во внутриуниверситетской статистике распределения профессорско-­преподавательского состава по наличию ученых степеней. Рассмотренный кейс показывает, что среди мужчин чаще встречаются профессора и доценты (их карьера идет более быстрыми темпами), тогда как женщины чаще занимают позиции старшего преподавателя. Причины этого кроются в выборе женщин в пользу построения семьи. При этом такой выбор делается под влиянием установившегося гендерного порядка. Делая выбор в пользу семьи, женщины выбирают карьеру преподавателя, а не ученого, что позволяет оптимизировать временны́е затраты на работу и домашние обязанности. Академическая сфера производит дополнительное давление на женщин, требуя максимальной научной производительности, фактически не предоставляя никакой поддержки. Как результат – меньшая включенность женщин в научно-­исследовательскую деятельность, в руководство научными подразделениями, отделами, кафедрами. Исследование показало, что формально для женщин нет ограничений в построении академической карьеры, но существуют неявные гендерные барьеры, обусловленные как институциональными особенностями, так и нормативным типом семьи, материнства и отцовства.
Анализ дискурсивных режимов перехода во взрослость в нормативных документах молодежной политики России
Authors: Нартова Надежда Андреевна , Саблина Анастасия Андреевна , Кузинер Евгения Николаевна , Петрунина Дарья Сергеевна 
Published: April 2022

Молодость как жизненный этап предполагает постепенное обретение навыков и компетенций, позволяющих достичь статуса взрослого. Современные модели перехода во взрослость все больше уходят от линейности и предзаданности, предполагавшихся модернистским жизненным курсом, становясь более гибкими и зависимыми от индивидуального биографического выбора. При этом несмотря на «приватизацию» и «персонализацию» процесса становления взрослым, успешность транзиции во многом зависит от социо-­экономических условий, различных видов неравенства и нацио­нальной социальной политики. Реализуемая государством молодежная политика играет одну из важнейших ролей в организации возможных и доступных для молодежи режимов перехода во взрослость. Статья выстраивается на пересечении двух перспектив: анализа моделей молодежной политики и анализа транзиции во взрослость. В фокусе статьи дискурсивные режимы транзиции во взрослость в нормативных документах молодежной политики современной России. Опираясь на анализ федеральных нормативных документов молодежной политики РФ за период 1990–2020 гг., демонстрируется, что артикуляция транзиции во взрослость существенным образом менялась на протяжении последних тридцати лет. Выделяются четыре сменяющих друг друга доминирующих типа дискурса, задающих рамки режимов перехода в конкретные периоды времени: 1990 гг. – режим избирательного патернализма; 2001–2005 гг. – режим воспитания и вмененной ответственности; 2006–2014 гг. – воспитательно-­протекционистский режим; 2015–2020 гг. – режим мобилизации. Ключевой особенностью молодежной политики РФ является постепенное исчезновение из документов горизонта взрослости для молодежи и конституирование молодости как автономного жизненного этапа. А сами молодые все больше рассматриваются как ресурс и готовая к мобилизации группа здесь и сейчас, нежели как потенциальные автономные взрослые.