bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Shiqi , Zhang Qing , He Chengqi , Fu Chenying , Wei Quan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
Explaining Declining Educational Homogamy: The Role of Institutional Changes in Higher Education in Japan
Authors: Uchikoshi Fumiya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch on educational assortative mating has devoted much attention to educational expansion but has been less focused on a concurrent trend of importance: growing differentiation among higher education institutions. In this study, I examine whether the bifurcation between high- and low-tier institutions in the context of high participation in tertiary education may clarify the mixed evidence on educational homogamy trends across countries. I apply log-linear and log-multiplicative models to analyze trends in educational assortative mating in Japan, which is characterized by a clear, widely acknowledged hierarchy of institutional selectivity. I find that the odds of homogamy are higher among graduates of selective universities than among graduates of nonselective universities. Further, assortative mating trends among graduates of selective and nonselective universities have diverged in recent years. This latter finding perhaps reflects that with the more rapid increase in the share of female students enrolled in less selective institutions, their opportunities to “marry up” have decreased. Results point to the importance of the growing heterogeneity of institutional characteristics, which was obscured in earlier studies, for understanding the impact of educational assortative mating on economic inequality.
EphA1 receptor tyrosine kinase is localized to the nucleus in rhabdomyosarcoma from multiple species
Authors: LaCombe Ronnie , Cecchini Alessandra , Seibert Morgan , Cornelison DDW 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
While the typical role of receptor tyrosine kinases is to receive and transmit signals at the cell surface, in some cellular contexts (particularly transformed cells) they may also act as nuclear proteins. Aberrant nuclear localization of receptor tyrosine kinases associated with transformation often enhances the transformed phenotype (i.e. nuclear ErbBs promote tumor progression in breast cancer). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue tumor in children, develops to resemble immature skeletal muscle and has been proposed to derive from muscle stem/progenitor cells (satellite cells). It is an aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 33% if it has metastasized. Eph receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many other tumor types, but there are only two published studies of Ephs localizing to the nucleus of any cell type and to date no nuclear RTKs have been identified in RMS. In a screen for protein expression of Ephs in canine RMS primary tumors as well as mouse and human RMS cell lines, we noted strong expression of EphA1 in the nucleus of interphase cells in tumors from all three species. This localization pattern changes in dividing cells, with EphA1 localizing to the nucleus or the cytoplasm depending on the phase of the cell cycle. These data represent the first case of a nuclear RTK in RMS, and the first time that EphA1 has been detected in the nucleus of any cell type.
Effect of Body Mass Index on complications and success rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy-A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Hasan Aisha , Razzaq Sajid , Saqib Rashid Fatima 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Urolithiasis is prevalent globally. Over time, innovation in endoscopic instruments and miniaturization has untangled the interventional strategy for carrying out remedial surgical procedures for renal stones. However, studies have been scarce as for sequelae of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in varying body mass index group patients in the developing world. We aimed to report success rates and complications in different BMI groups.
Methods: This was a retrospective study wherein data of 359 patients was reviewed in charts. These patients went through PCNL at our department from July 2011 till September 2019. Three groups of patients were made in agreement with WHO BMI classification. Information concerning study variables was noted in designated and then processed in SPSS version 16 for the statistical computations.
Results: On the whole, the mean age of patients was 44.6± 14.4 years. While the mean calculus size was 3.1± 1.4 cm. Moreover, the majority of stones in all the three groups belonged to Guy’s stone score 1 and 2 (see Table-I). The overall mean procedure time and inpatient stay were almost comparable in the obese group. The highest stone-free rate was observed in the normal weight group (77.69 %), however, stone-free status in overweight and obese groups was not comparatively too lower (p=0.74). Complication rates were being close among the three groups.
Conclusion: PCNL can be ventured with safety and in an effectual manner for attaining stone treatment goals alike in obese and non-obese group patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.3663
How to cite this:Iqbal N, Hasan A, Razzaq S, Rashid FS. Effect of Body Mass Index on complications and success rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy-A tertiary care hospital experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.3663
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Design of robotic hydrogen-filling system for hydrogen-powered vehicles
Authors: Wang Dianjun , Yang Xiaofan , Chen Ya , wang zilong , Song Zhongkang , Zhu Zhikun , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2022

Background: The application of hydrogen-powered vehicles is increasingly widespread, however, the hydrogen-filling process can be dangerous, to ensure both safety and efficiency. A new robotic hydrogen-filling system whose consisting of a hybrid robot combined with an automatic guided vehicle and robotic arm is designed. Methods: An analysis of functional composition of the system was performed, and the hardware scheme was designed. A dual-differential drive AGV and an end effector including a holding jaw and a sucker were designed. According to the system workflow, the control system is divided into four modules. A path planning simulation considering obstacle avoidance is carried out based on improved artificial potential field method and a trajectory planning of the operating arm is completed using source code written in MATLAB. Results: The simulation results show that the automatic guided vehicle can avoid obstacles and move to the specified position. The planed trajectory for robotic arm has certain smoothness, which can be proved that the operating arm can complete the process of grasping the hydrogenation gun. Conclusions: The robotic hydrogen-filling system can replace human beings in most of the work of the hydrogen-filling process, which provides a theoretical basis for automatic hydrogen refueling station.
Prevalence of xerostomia and its associated risk factors among Saudi population: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alkanani Norah , Alburaiki Meisam , Alhabib Asma , Alabsi Wejdan , Alasmari Hind , Alqahtani Ghady , Sayed Abdul Nishath 
Published: October 2022

Background: Xerostomia is a condition that has been shown to have a negative impact on the quality of life. Thus, exploring the associated risk factors and conditions needs special attention. There is still a lack of complete information regarding this condition among the Saudi population. Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, 30-70 years old were included. Demographic data with systemic and dental- related history was collected. The presence of xerostomia and the risk factors such as age, sex, history of smoking, history of systemic disease, and medication history are noted. All the results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS. Results: The prevalence of xerostomia was 42.3%. The prevalence of xerostomia was found to be increasing with age. For gender, xerostomia was significantly higher among women than men (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant association between xerostomia and associated diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorder, blood diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and allergies (p<0.001). Only 12.5% of participants who had xerostomia were smokers and 44.2% of participants who had xerostomia were using medications. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of xerostomia among the Saudi population, with a higher prevalence in the older age group and women. An association between systemic disease and medication history was also noted. Dental practitioners need to be alert to this condition.
Machine-Learning–Based Arc Selection for Constrained Shortest Path Problems in Column Generation
Authors: Morabit Mouad , Desaulniers Guy , Lodi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Column generation is an iterative method used to solve a variety of optimization problems. It decomposes the problem into two parts: a master problem and one or more pricing problems (PP). The total computing time taken by the method is divided between these two parts. In routing or scheduling applications, the problems are mostly defined on a network, and the PP is usually an NP-hard shortest path problem with resource constraints. In this work, we propose a new heuristic pricing algorithm based on machine learning. By taking advantage of the data collected during previous executions, the objective is to reduce the size of the network and accelerate the PP, keeping only the arcs that have a high chance to be part of the linear relaxation solution. The method has been applied to two specific problems: the vehicle and crew scheduling problem in public transit and the vehicle routing problem with time windows. Reductions in computational time of up to 40% can be obtained. Funding: The authors thank Giro, Inc., and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support [Grant CRDPJ 520349-17].
The bidirectional relationship between breastfeeding and mental health
Authors: Scarborough Jennifer , Norman Alyson , Cooper Leanne 
Published: October 2022

Background/AimsBreastfeeding rates in the UK are among the lowest in the world, despite its well-known benefits to maternal and infant health. The impact of breastfeeding on women's mental health may contribute to this. This study aimed to better understand the bidirectional relationship between breastfeeding and maternal mental health.MethodsWomen aged 20–45 years who had attempted to breastfeed between 2018 and 2019 were recruited. A mixed-methods design encompassed two components; 109 participants completed an online questionnaire and 24 took part in telephone interviews, analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsFive main themes were identified: pressure to breastfeed, provision of information and support, mixed impact on mental health, mental health impacting breastfeeding and attachment.ConclusionsWhile a positive breastfeeding experience can lead to positive wellbeing, women highlighted a pressure to breastfeed that often led to negative wellbeing. Support and information are needed to promote mental health and longer breastfeeding duration, specifically for those mothers experiencing mental health difficulties.
Craniofacial microsomia: management and outcomes. Part 2
Authors: Gibson Clara , Mubeen Suhaym , Evans Robert 
Published: October 2022

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital facial condition that affects the structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. It results in underdevelopment of facial structures, most commonly causing abnormal mandibular growth and morphology. Part 1 of this two-part series outlined the aetiology, classification systems and clinical features of CFM. In this article, we explore the management pathway and treatment approaches that may be undertaken. We highlight the dental and orthodontic involvement in managing patients with CFM. CPD/Clinical Relevance: For patients with CFM, having an understanding of the overall facial and dental management helps the clinician to plan for dental and orthodontic care.
Trends in diabetes-related complications in Singapore, 2013–2020: A registry-based study
Authors: Tan Joshua Kuan , Salim Nur Nasyitah Mohamed , Lim Gek Hsiang , Chia Sing Yi , Thumboo Julian , Bee Yong Mong 
Published: October 2022

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health problem. In Singapore, the prevalence of Type 2 DM is rising, but comprehensive information about trends in DM-related complications is lacking.

Objectives
We utilized the Singapore Health Services (SingHealth) diabetes registry (SDR) to assess trends in DM micro and macro-vascular complications at the population level, explore factors influencing these trends.

Methods
We studied trends for ten DM-related complications: ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and strokes, diabetic eye complications, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, major and minor lower extremity amputation (LEA). The complications were determined through clinical coding in hospital (inpatient and outpatient) and primary care settings within the SingHealth cluster. We described event rates for the complications in 4 age-bands. Joinpoint regression was used to identify significant changes in trends.

Results
Among 222,705 patients studied between 2013 and 2020. 48.6% were female, 70.7% Chinese, 14.7% Malay and 10.6% Indian with a mean (SD) age varying between 64.6 (12.5) years in 2013 and 65.7 (13.2) years in 2020. We observed an increase in event rates in IHD, PAD, stroke, diabetic eye complications nephropathy, and neuropathy. Joinpoints was observed for IHD and PAD between 2016 to 2018, with subsequent plateauing of event rates. Major and minor LEA event rates decreased through the study period.

Conclusion
We found that DM and its complications represent an important challenge for healthcare in Singapore. Improvements in the trends of DM macrovascular complications were observed. However, trends in DM microvascular complications remain a cause for concern.
Comparison of tests done, and tuberculosis cases detected by Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF-Ultra in Uganda
Authors: Kakinda Michael , Tugumisirize Didas , Nyombi Abdunoor , Mugisha Marvin , Turyahabwe Stavia , Walusimbi Simon , Matovu Joseph K. B. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Uganda introduced Xpert® MTB/RIF assay into its TB diagnostic algorithm in January 2012. In July 2018, this assay was replaced with Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay. We set out to compare the tests done and tuberculosis cases detected by Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay in Uganda.

Methods
This was a before and after study, with the tests done and TB cases detected between Jan-June 2019 when using Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay compared to those done between Jan-June 2018 while using Xpert® MTB/RIF assay. This data was analyzed using Stata version 13, it was summarized into measures of central tendency and the comparison between Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert® MTB/RIF was explored using a two-sided T-test which was considered significant if p <0.05.

Results
One hundred and twelve (112) GeneXpert sites out of a possible 239 were included in the study. 128,476 (M: 1147.11, SD: 842.88) tests were performed with Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay, with 9693 drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) cases detected (M: 86.54, SD: 62.12) and 144 (M: 1.28, SD: 3.42) Rifampicin Resistant TB cases (RR-TB). Whilst 107, 890 (M: 963.30, SD: 842.88) tests were performed with Xpert® MTB/RIF assay between, 8807 (M: 78.63, SD: 53.29) DS-TB cases were detected, and 147 (M: 1.31, SD: 2.39) RR-TB cases. The Number Need to Test (NNT) to get one TB case was 12 for Xpert® MTB/RIF and 13 for Xpert ®MTB/RIF Ultra. On comparing the two assays in terms of test performance (p = 0.75) and case detection both susceptible TB (p = 0.31) and RR-TB (p = 0.95) were not found statistically significant.

Conclusions
This study found no significant difference in test performance and overall detection of DS-TB and RR-TB when using Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert® MTB/RIF assays. The health systems approach should be used to elucidate all the probable potential of Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra.
Using care and support planning to implement routine falls prevention and management for people living with frailty: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Finch Tracy , Fay Michaela , Smith Joanne , Kleiser Helen , Dews Deborah , Roberts Sue , Shaw Fiona , Haining Shona , Oliver Lindsay 
Published: October 2022

Background
Frailty is a key issue in current healthcare delivery and falls is an important component. Care and support planning (CSP) is an established approach to managing long term conditions (LTCs) and has potential to provide more person-centred care for those at risk of falling. This qualitative evaluation aimed to understand the barriers and success criteria involved in incorporating falls assessment and management into the CSP process.

Methods
CSP for falls prevention was implemented in eight general practices in the North of England. Six of the eight practices participated in the qualitative evaluation. Seven group interviews were undertaken with staff (n = 31) that included practice nurses, health care assistants, nurses, and administrative staff (n = 2–8 per group). Observations of the falls and CSP training provided additional data. Interviews covered experiences and potential impacts of training, and processes of implementation of the programme, and were informed by normalisation process theory. Thematic analysis was undertaken using a team-based approach.

Results
Although successfully implemented across the practices, how established CSP was and therefore ‘organisational readiness’ was an overarching theme that illustrated differences in how easily sites were able to implement the additional elements for frailty. The challenges, successes and impacts of implementation are demonstrated through this theme and four further themes: training resources and learning; positive impacts of the programme (including enabling easier conversations around ‘frailty’); integrating work processes/work with patients; and dealing with uncertainty and complexity.

Conclusions
Care and Support Planning services designed to target frailty and falls is feasible and can successfully be delivered in the primary care setting, if key enablers are promoted and challenges to implementation addressed from planning through to integration in practice.
Pengaruh Jumlah Responden terhadap Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kuesioner Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Swamedikasi
Authors: Amalia Rezha Nur , Dianingati Ragil Setia , Annisaa' Eva 
Published: October 2022

Swamedikasi merupakan upaya untuk melakukan pengobatan sendiri. Dalam bidang farmasi sosial, penelitian mengenai swamedikasi tentang pengetahuan dan perilaku merupakan sesuatu yang lazim dilakukan. Tidak jarang, peneliti dituntut untuk membuat kuesioner sendiri. Untuk menjamin validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner, ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan, salah satunya adalah menggunakan validasi dan reliabilitas secara statistik. Namun, jumlah responden yang digunakan tidak ada patokan khusus, sebagian besar menggunakan 30 responden yang kadang memberatkan untuk penelitian dengan populasi kecil. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dengan menggunakan berbagai jumlah responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Wonosobo. Jumlah responden yang digunakan adalah 15, 30 dan 39 orang. Validitas diuji menggunakan pearson product moment dan reliabilitas diuji dengan cronbach’s alpha. Hasil dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa kuesioner pengetahuan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel dengan pengujian 39 sampel sedangkan kuesioner perilaku swamedikasi terdapat 1 pertanyaan yang tidak valid namun reliabel dengan pengujian 30 sampel, Sedangkan dengan jumlah 15 responden menunjukkan hasil beberapa pertanyaan tidak valid baik dikuesioner pengetahuan maupun perilaku, sedangkan hasil reliabilitasnya kuesioner pengetahuan valid dan perilaku tidak valid. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah responden yang digunakan untuk uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi akan mempengaruhi hasil.
A curriculum-based laboratory kit for flexible teaching and learning of practical chemistry
Authors: Wong Hee Ting , Sim Siong Fong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Laboratory practical is an essential component for effective learning of science. To provide laboratory experience can be a challenge to some rural schools with limited laboratory facilities. The situation was exacerbated when schools were close due to the COVID pandemic. This paper reports a laboratory kit designed based on the Standard Curriculum for Secondary Schools in Malaysia (KSSM). The kit was evaluated by students and experienced teachers from town and rural schools. Pre- and post-test was conducted with the students before and after using the kit. A questionnaire was disseminated to appraise the students’ perceptions on practical learning. There was a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the overall score of the post-test comparing to the pre-test. Both rural and town schools demonstrated a marked increase in the overall mean scores in the post-test. There was also improvement in affection for chemistry among students after using the kit. The practical kit can be deployed in schools with laboratory constraints and to be used outside the school settings. It was designed to be affordable, safe and environmental-friendly, providing individualized hands-on exposure.