bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐II Ratiometric Chemiluminescent/Fluorescent Reporters for Real‐Time Monitoring and Evaluating Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy
Authors: Su Lichao , Chen Yiming , Huo Hongqi , Liao Naishun , Wu Ying , Ge Xiaoguang , Guo Zhiyong , Chen Zhongxiang , Zhang Xuan , Song Jibin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of probes for early monitoring tumor therapy response may greatly benefit the promotion of photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Singlet oxygen (1O2) generation is a typical indicator for evaluating PDT efficacy in cancer. However, most existing probes cannot quantitatively detect 1O2 in vivo due to the high reactivity and transient state, and thus have a poor correlation with PDT response. Herein, a 1O2‐responsive theranostic platform comprising thiophene‐based small molecule (2SeFT‐PEG) and photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) micelles for real‐time monitoring PDT efficacy is developed. After laser irradiation, the Ce6‐produced 1O2 could simultaneously kill cancer and trigger 2SeFT‐PEG to produce increased chemiluminescence (CL) and decreased fluorescence (FL) signals variation at 1050 nm in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 950–1700 nm) window. Significantly, the ratiometric NIR‐II CL/FL imaging at 1050 nm could effectively quantify and monitor the concentration of 1O2 and O2 consumption or recovery, so as to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PDT in vivo. Hence, this 1O2 activated NIR‐II CL/FL probe provides an efficient ratiometric optical imaging platform for real‐time evaluating PDT effect and precisely guiding the PDT process in vivo.
Tuning Electronic Structure and Composition of FeNi Nanoalloys for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis via a General Synthesis Strategy
Authors: Wang Yong , Nong Wei , Gong Na , Salim Teddy , Luo Mingchuan , Tan Teck Leong , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Liu Zheng , Huang Yizhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is key to decarbonization. A facile, surfactant‐free, and gram‐level biomass‐assisted fast heating and cooling synthesis method is reported for synthesizing a series of carbon‐encapsulated dense and uniform FeNi nanoalloys with a single‐phase face‐centered‐cubic solid‐solution crystalline structure and an average particle size of sub‐5 nm. This method also enables precise control of both size and composition. Electrochemical measurements show that among FexNi(1−x) nanoalloys, Fe0.5Ni0.5 has the best performance. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental findings and reveal that the optimally positioned d‐band center of O‐covered Fe0.5Ni0.5 renders a half‐filled antibonding state, resulting in moderate binding energies of key reaction intermediates. By increasing the total metal content from 25 to 60 wt%, the 60% Fe0.5Ni0.5/40% C shows an extraordinarily low overpotential of 219 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 23.2 mV dec−1 for the oxygen evolution reaction, which are much lower than most other FeNi‐based electrocatalysts and even the state‐of‐the‐art RuO2. It also shows robust durability in an alkaline environment for at least 50 h. The gram‐level fast heating and cooling synthesis method is extendable to a wide range of binary, ternary, quaternary nanoalloys, as well as quinary and denary high‐entropy‐alloy nanoparticles.
Organic Single‐Crystalline Microwire Arrays toward High‐Performance Flexible Near‐Infrared Phototransistors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Qiu Yuchen , Li Xinyi , Guo Yangwu , Cao Shiqi , Gao Hanfei , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible organic near‐infrared (NIR) phototransistors hold promising prospects for potential applications such as noninvasive bioimaging, health monitoring, and biometric authentication. For integrated circuits of high‐performance devices, organic single‐crystalline micro‐/nanostructures with precise positioning are prominently anticipated. However, the manufacturing of organic single‐crystalline arrays remains a conundrum due to difficulties encountered in patterning arrays of dewetting processes at micron‐scale confined space and modulating the dewetting dynamics. Herein, we utilize a capillary‐bridge lithography strategy to fabricate organic 1D arrays with high quality, homogeneous size, and deterministic location toward high‐performance flexible organic NIR phototransistors. Regular micro‐liquid stripes and unidirectional dewetting are synchronously achieved by adapting micropillar templates with asymmetric wettability. As a result, high‐throughput 1D arrays based organic field‐effect transistors exhibit high electron mobility up to 9.82 cm2 V–1 s–1. Impressively, flexible NIR phototransistors also show outstanding photoelectronic performances with a photosensitivity of 9.87 × 105, a responsivity of 1.79 × 104 A W−1, and a specific detectivity of 3.92 × 1014 Jones. This work paves a novel way to pattern high‐throughput organic single‐crystalline microarrays toward flexible NIR organic optoelectronics.
2D Bismuth@N‐Doped Carbon Sheets for Ultrahigh Rate and Stable Potassium Storage
Authors: Xu Anding , Zhu Qi , Li Guilan , Gong Caihong , Li Xue , Chen Huaming , Cui Jie , Wu Songping , Xu Zhiguang , Yan Yurong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetallic Bi, as an alloying‐type anode material, has demonstrated tremendous potential for practical application of potassium‐ion batteries. However, the giant volume expansion, severe structure pulverization, and sluggish dynamics of Bi‐based materials result in unsatisfied rate performance and unstable cycling stability. Here, 2D bismuth@N‐doped carbon sheets with BiOC bond and internal void space (2D Bi@NOC) are successfully fabricated via a self‐template strategy to address these issues, which own ultrafast electrochemical kinetics and impressive long‐term cycling stability for delivering an admirable capacity of 341.7 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and impressive rate capability of 220.6 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1. Particularly, the in situ transmission electron microscopy observations visualize the real‐time alloying/dealloying process and reveal that plastic carbon shell and void space can availably relieve dramatic volume stress and powerfully maintain structural integrity. Density functional theory calculation and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy test certify that the robust BiOC bond is thermodynamically and kinetically beneficial for adsorption/diffusion of K+. This work will light on designing advanced high‐performance energy materials and provide important evidence for understanding the energy storage mechanism of alloy‐based materials.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Loaded on MXene for Li‐S Batteries: Anchoring Polysulfides and Accelerating Redox Reactions
Authors: Gu Qinhua , Qi Yujie , Chen Junnan , Lu Ming , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCatalysis is regarded as an effective strategy to fundamentally increase sulfur utilization, accelerating the kinetics of the transformation between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and lithium sulfide (Li2S) on a substrate. However, the intermodulation of catalysts and sulfur species is elusive, which is limited to the comprehensive analysis of electrochemical performance in the dynamic reaction process. Herein, cobalt nanoparticles loaded on MXene nanosheets (Co/Ti2C) are selected as sulfur hosts and the representative catalyst. By combining ex situ electrochemical results and interfacial structural chemical monitoring, the catalysis process of Co/Ti2C toward LiPSs conversion is revealed, and the outstanding performance originates from the optimization of chemical adsorption, catalytic activity, and lithium‐ion transfer behaviors, which is based on electronic/ion modulation and sufficient interfaces among catalysts and electrolyte. This work can guide the construction of electronic modulation at triple‐phase interface catalysis to overcome the shuttle effect and facilitate sulfur redox kinetics in Li‐S batteries.
Automatic software vulnerability classification by extracting vulnerability triggers
Authors: Sun Xiaobing , Li Lili , Bo Lili , Wu Xiaoxue , Wei Ying , Li Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVulnerability classification is a significant activity in software development and software maintenance. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, which utilize the descriptions in public repositories, are widely used in automatic software vulnerability classification. However, vulnerability descriptions are ordinarily short and contain many technical terms, making them difficult for machines to automatically comprehend. In this paper, we present an approach based on vulnerability triggers to automatically classify vulnerabilities. First, we extract vulnerability triggers with Bert Question and Answer (Bert Q&A). Then, we use Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks for Text classification (TextRCNN) to classify vulnerabilities based on Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). We statistically perform an analysis of vulnerability triggers and comprehensively evaluate the classification performance of our approach on a set of 4769 prelabeled vulnerability entries, as well as compare it with state‐of‐the‐art vulnerability classification approaches. Experiment results show that our approach can achieve a F1‐measure of 95% on extraction and 80.8% on classification.
Standardisation in AM
Authors: Pei Eujin , Kabir Israt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA standard is a published document that describes a technical specification or a list of guidelines in the form of rules, definitions, methods, vocabularies, or codes of practices. Standards provide a unified source of reference for specifying or representing products. Before the industrial revolution, manufacturers from different places used to compare and copy the dimensions and specifications of components to match those of a prototype.
Development of Material and Processing Parameters for AM
Authors: Ureña Julia , Blasco J. R. , Jordá Olga , Martínez Mario , Portolés Luis , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Joamin , Schuschnigg Stephan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of parameters for a certain additive technology is the key to increase the number of materials that are processed as well as the applications. This chapter shows the details to take into account for the development of parameters for various technologies.
Integrating out beyond tree level and relativistic superfluids
Authors: Joyce Austin , Nicolis Alberto , Podo Alessandro , Santoni Luca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We revisit certain subtleties of renormalization that arise when one derives a low-energy effective action by integrating out the heavy fields of a more complete theory. Usually these subtleties are circumvented by matching some physical observables, such as scattering amplitudes, but a more involved procedure is required if one is interested in deriving the effective theory to all orders in the light fields (but still to fixed order in the derivative expansion). As a concrete example, we study the U(1) Goldstone low-energy effective theory that describes the spontaneously broken phase of a ϕ4 theory for a complex scalar. Working to lowest order in the derivative expansion, but to all orders in the Goldstones, we integrate out the radial mode at one loop and express the low-energy effective action in terms of the renormalized couplings of the UV completion. This yields the one-loop equation of state for the superfluid phase of (complex) ϕ4. We perform the same analysis for a renormalizable scalar SO(N) theory at finite chemical potential, integrating out the gapped Goldstones as well, and confirm that the effective theory for the gapless Goldstone exhibits no obvious sign of the original SO(N) symmetry.
Novel lectin-based chimeric antigen receptors target Gb3-positive tumour cells
Authors: Meléndez Ana Valeria , Velasco Cárdenas Rubí M.-H. , Lagies Simon , Strietz Juliane , Siukstaite Lina , Thomas Oliver S. , Tomisch Jana , Weber Wilfried , Kammerer Bernd , Römer Winfried , Minguet Susana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe link between cancer and aberrant glycosylation has recently become evident. Glycans and their altered forms, known as tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), are diverse, complex and difficult to target therapeutically. Lectins are naturally occurring glycan-binding proteins that offer a unique opportunity to recognise TACAs. T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have proven to be a successful immunotherapy against leukaemias, but so far have shown limited success in solid tumours. We developed a panel of lectin-CARs that recognise the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which is overexpressed in various cancers, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, colorectal, breast and pancreatic. We have selected the following lectins: Shiga toxin's B-subunit from Shigella dysenteriae, LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the engineered lectin Mitsuba from Mytilus galloprovincialis as antigen-binding domains and fused them to a well-known second-generation CAR. The Gb3-binding lectin-CARs have demonstrated target-specific cytotoxicity against Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell lines as well as solid tumour cells from colorectal and triple-negative breast cancer. Our findings reveal the big potential of lectin-based CARs as therapeutical applications to target Gb3 and other TACAs expressed in haematological malignancies and solid tumours.
Anticoagulants and fracture morphology have a significant influence on total blood loss after proximal femur fractures
Authors: Fenwick Annabel , Pfann Michael , Mayr Jakob , Antonovska Iana , Wiedl Andreas , Feldmann Malte , Nuber Stefan , Förch Stefan , Mayr Edgar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Blood loss after proximal femoral fractures is an important risk factor for postoperative outcome and recovery. The purpose of our study was to investigate the total blood loss depending on fracture type and additional risks, such as anticoagulant use, to be able to recognize vulnerable patients depending on planned surgery and underlying comorbidities.

Materials and methods
A retrospective single center study including 1478 patients treated operatively for a proximal femoral fracture between January 2016 and June 2020 at a level I trauma center. Patient data, surgical procedure, time to surgery, complications and mortality were assessed. Lab data including hemoglobin and transfusion rates were collected. The Mercuriali formula was implemented to calculate total blood loss. Linear regression was performed to identify influencing factors.

Results
One thousand four hundred seventy-eight mainly female patients were included in the study (mean age: 79.8 years) comprising 667 femoral neck fractures, 704 pertrochanteric- and 107 subtrochanteric fractures. Nearly 50% of the cohort were on anticoagulants or anti- platelet therapy. At time of admission average hemoglobin was 12.1 g/l. Linear regression proved fracture morphology, age, BMI, in-house mortality and anticoagulant use to have crucial influence on postoperative blood loss. Femoral neck fractures had a blood loss of 1227.5 ml (SD 740.4 ml), pertrochanteric fractures lost 1,474.2 ml (SD 830 ml) and subtrochanteric femoral fractures lost 1902.2 ml (SD 1,058 ml).

Conclusions
Hidden blood loss is underestimated. Anticoagulant use, fracture type, gender and BMI influence the total blood loss. Hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely. Within 48 h there was no increased mortality, so adequate time should be given to reduce anticoagulant levels and safely perform surgery.
Analyse des Einflusses der zunehmenden Feminisierung im Gesundheitswesen auf die Urologie
Authors: Himmler M. , Schultz-Lampel D. , Hellmis E. , Kowalewski K. F. , Michel M. S. , Weinberger S. 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Ziel dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit war es, Genderaspekte und Trends in Klinik, Forschung und Niederlassung in der Urologie zu analysieren. Dabei lag der Fokus auf der Objektivierung des genderspezifischen Wandels im Fachgebiet „Urologie“ zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt und in der Zukunft.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine digitale Umfrage bei urologischen Ärzt:innen in Deutschland über das Portal SurveyMonkey©, welche über den E‑Mail-Verteiler der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V. (DGU) und des Berufsverbands der Deutschen Urologen e. V. (BvDU) an alle eingetragenen Mitglieder verschickt wurde. Es wurden Basisdaten im ambulanten und stationären Sektor erhoben, sowie geschlechtsspezifische Daten in Bezug auf Arbeitsplatzverteilung, Ziele, Zufriedenheit und Gründe für berufliche Entscheidungen.

Ergebnisse
Die Auswertung von 398 Antworten ergab, dass urologische Kolleg:innen in der Niederlassung seltener weiblich (23,6 %) und deutlich älter (mittleres Alter 53 Jahre) waren als im stationären Sektor (Frauenanteil 47,2 %, mittleres Alter 43 Jahre). Niedergelassene Vertragsärzt:innen waren mehr Männer (49,4 %) als Frauen (29,9 %) und die Niederlassung wurde von mehr Männern als Berufswunsch angegeben (28,1 % vs. 22,8 %). Die Gründe für die Niederlassung lagen bei Frauen häufiger im familiären Bereich als bei den Männern (Hauptgründe gute Gelegenheit oder Berufswunsch). Frauen arbeiteten häufiger Teilzeit (27,0 % vs. 11,5 %) und strebten häufiger eine Karriere als Oberärztin an (29,1 % der Frauen, 9,4 % der Männer). Entsprechend war der Wunsch nach einer Habilitation oder Professur bei den Frauen häufiger als bei den Männern (20,5 % vs. 15 %). Signifikant mehr Urologinnen sahen eine Ungleichheit bei den beruflichen Aufstiegschancen (59,7 % vs. 17,5 %, p < 0,001) und 73,3 % (vs. 18,5 % der Männer, p < 0,001) empfanden ihr Geschlecht als Ursache einer Benachteiligung. Dies führte zu einer signifikant geringeren Zufriedenheit von Frauen mit ihrem beruflichen Status (p = 0,008), sowie einem geringeren Gefühl der Wertschätzung (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Um die Urologie zukunftsfähig zu machen ist es essenziell, Genderaspekte noch stärker zu berücksichtigen. Der eingeschlagene Weg, der nächsten Generation von Urolog:innen ein modernes Fachgebiet zu bieten, in dem alle Ärzt:innen unabhängig von ihrem Geschlecht gerne arbeiten, wertgeschätzt werden und Chancengleichheit herrscht, sollte unbedingt weiter verfolgt und intensiviert werden, um die Urologie für die Zukunft gut aufzustellen.
Numerical and experimental study on protective film removal towards the automation of flexible electronics assembly
Authors: Basile Vito , Fontana Gianmauro , Modica Francesco , Valori Marcello , Rebaioli Lara , Ruggeri Serena , Negri Simone Pio , Fassi Irene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible electronics is one of the most promising trends in the electronics industry, with increasing implementations in several application fields. However, in industrial applications, the assembly of film-based coverlays is still performed manually, representing a bottleneck in the whole production cycle, a source of defects caused by human errors, and introducing fatiguing tasks, such as the removal of the protective film covering the base material. In a novel methodology, this latter challenge is achieved by relying on the mechanical action of a rotating tool impacting the protective film. Such a process is typically stochastic and dependent on several parameters related to the tool-coverlay interaction, and the flexibility of film-type introduces further complexity. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of working conditions on the reliability of the process (i.e., success rate of the removal of the protective film). Finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to investigate and assess the stiffness exhibited by the component in response to the impacting force; therefore, a favorable gripping configuration is identified. An experimental campaign of the automated process is presented, aimed at assessing the effects of process parameters (tool rotating speed, adhesive thickness, approaching speed) on the protective film detachment. The results show that the process is predominantly affected by component-specific parameters, which, in turn, are significantly dependent on material supply conditions. Finally, useful insights are drawn to optimize the process and improve the design of the gripper of the robotized workcell.
The prevalence of redundant nerve roots in standing positional MRI decreases by half in supine and almost to zero in flexed seated position: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Papavero Luca , Ali Nawar , Schawjinski Kathrin , Holtdirk Annette , Maas Rainer , Ebert Stella 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose

This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study investigated the influence of posture on lordosis (LL), length of the spinal canal (LSC), anteroposterior diameter (APD L1-L5), dural cross-sectional area (DCSA) of the lumbar spinal canal, and the prevalence of redundant nerve roots (RNR) using positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (0.6 T).

Methods
Sixty-eight patients with single-level degenerative central lumbar spinal stenosis (cLSS) presenting with RNR in the standing position (STA) were also investigated in supine (SUP) or neutral seated (SIT) and flexed seated (FLEX) positions. Additionally, 45 patients complaining of back pain and without MRI evidence of LSS were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Controls (A) and patients with cLSS (B) were comparable in terms of mean age (p = 0.88) and sex (p = 0.22). The progressive transition from STA to FLEX led to a comparable decrease in LL (p = 0.97), an increase in LSC (p = 0.80), and an increase in APD L1-L5 (p = 0.78). The APD of the stenotic level increased disproportionally between the different postures, up to 67% in FLEX compared to 29% in adjacent non-stenotic levels (p < 0.001). Therefore, the prevalence of RNR decreased to 49, 26, and 4% in SUP, SIT, and FLEX, respectively.

Conclusion
The prevalence of RNR in standing position was underestimated by half in supine position. Body postures modified LL, LSC, and APD similarly in patients and controls. Stenotic levels compensated for insufficient intraspinal volume with a disproportionate enlargement when switching from the STA to FLEX.