bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P307: A Case Of Dual Tachycardia Presenting With Heart Failure Exacerbation
Authors: Osman Abdul-Fatawu , Ezeh Ebubechukwu , Jamal Shakeel Muhammad , Sheikh Ali 
Published: September 2022

Dual tachycardia (DT) is the occurrence of simultaneous supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). With increasing interest in this uncommon arrhythmia due to difficulties with diagnosis and complexity of management, DT is identified in about 9% of double-chamber ICD interrogation. An 81 year old male with history of hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy status-post BiV AICD presented to ED with worsening exertional dyspnea, orthopnea and pedal edema. He was tachycardic (140 bpm) with bibasilar rales. BNP 655 pg/mL, cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema on chest x-ray. EKG revealed atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response. Echocardiogram revealed a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <20%. He was diuresed with furosemide, diltiazem infusion for rate control and heparin for anticoagulation. During admission, he developed two episodes of monomorphic VT in VF zone and was successfully cardioverted. During the initial episode, he was in AF and had a VT triggered by PVC which was successfully cardioverted to BiV Paced rhythm. However, he remained in AF which was converted to sinus rhythm after a second cardioversion. A repeat EKG revealed sinus rhythm with BiV paced rhythm. He was later transitioned to oral metoprolol, amiodarone to maintain rhythm control and apixaban.
Dual tachyarrhythmia can be managed with medical therapy and/or catheter ablation. The termination of the trigger AF/PVC has been shown to reduce the recurrence of VT/VF episodes. Rhythm control for AF with antiarrhythmic therapy can reduce AF and PVC burden, improve BiV pacing, prevent ICD shocks and help reduce heart failure exacerbation.
Telomere Shortening in Hypertensive Heart Disease Depends on Oxidative DNA Damage and Predicts Impaired Recovery of Cardiac Function in Heart Failure
Authors: Brandt Moritz , Dörschmann Hendrik , Khraisat Sana’a , Knopp Tanja , Ringen Julia , Kalinovic Sanela , Garlapati Venkata , Siemer Svenja , Molitor Michael , Göbel Sebastian , Stauber Roland , Karbach Susanne Helena , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas , Wenzel Philip 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Heart failure (HF) coincides with cardiomyocyte telomere shortening. Arterial hypertension is the most prominent risk factor for HF. Both HF and arterial hypertension are associated with dysregulation of the neurohormonal axis. How neurohormonal activation is linked to telomere shortening in the pathogenesis of HF is incompletely understood.

methods:
Cardiomyocyte telomere length was assessed in a mouse model of hypertensive HF induced by excess neurohormonal activation (AngII [angiotensin II] infusion, high salt diet, and uninephrectomy), in AngII-stimulated cardiomyocytes and in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with HF. Superoxide production, expression of NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) and HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) activity were assessed.

Results:
Telomere shortening occurred in vitro and in vivo, correlating with both left ventricular (LV) dilatation and LV systolic function impairment. Telomere shortening coincided with increased superoxide production, increased NOX2 expression, increased HDAC6 activity, loss of the telomere-specific antioxidant PRDX1, and increased oxidative DNA-damage. NOX2 knockout prevented PRDX1 depletion, DNA-damage and telomere shortening confirming this enzyme as a critical source of reactive oxygen species. Cotreatment with the NOX inhibitor apocynin ameliorated hypertensive HF and telomere shortening. Similarly, treatment with the HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A, which increases PRDX1 bioavailability, prevented telomere shortening in adult cardiomyocytes. To explore the clinical relevance of our findings, we examined endomyocardial biopsies from an all-comer population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Here, cardiomyocyte telomere length predicted the recovery of cardiac function.

Conclusions:
Cardiomyocyte telomere shortening and oxidative damage in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction induced by excess neurohormonal activation depends on NOX2-derived superoxide and may help to stratify HF therapy.
Trophoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Preeclampsia by Regulating Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Liu Xiu , Fei Haiyi , Yang Cuiyu , Wang Jianmin , Zhu Xiaohong , Yang Anran , Shi Zhan , Jin Xiaoying , Yang Fei , Wu Dan , Jiang Lingling , Zhang Songying 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Systemic inflammation caused by dysfunctional macrophages is a crucial pathogenetic event in preeclampsia (PE). Trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) are potent immune cell signaling modulators in pregnancy. Herein, we aimed to investigate T-EVs’ effect and mechanism on macrophage polarization and its role in PE pathogenesis, which remain unclear.

METHODS:
Flow cytometry and immunochemistry were used to determine placental macrophage phenotypes. T-EVs were immuno-isolated via placental alkaline phosphatase antibody and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to examine the effects of T-EVs on macrophage polarization, and correlation analysis of T-EVs lipidomics and macrophages transcriptome were performed to explore how T-EVs modulate macrophages. Animal experiments were established to investigate the relationship among PE, T-EVs, and macrophages.

RESULTS:
Macrophages shift from the M2 to M1 phenotype in the preeclamptic placenta. Also, T-EVs from women with PE (PE-EVs) significantly upregulated M1 gene markers and significantly downregulated CD163 expression in macrophages compared with T-EVs in women with normal pregnancies (NP-EVs). Mechanistically, correlation analysis with T-EVs lipidome and the transcriptome of macrophages treated with PE-EVs or NP-EVs indicated that 37 lipids altered in PE-EVs considerably affected classical inflammatory biological pathways in macrophages. Finally, animal experiments revealed that PE-EVs triggered PE-like symptoms in pregnant mice, which were alleviated after macrophage depletion.

CONCLUSIONS:
T-EVs from women with PE could promote preeclampsia by inducing macrophage imbalance polarization, signifying a potential novel interventional target for the prevention and management of PE.
Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Aldosterone Antagonists Versus Beta-Blockers as Fourth Agents in Patients With Apparent Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Desai Raj , Park Haesuk , Brown Joshua D. , Mohandas Rajesh , Pepine Carl J. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Limited evidence exists regarding long-term effectiveness and safety of aldosterone antagonists (AAs) versus beta blockers (BBs) as fourth-line antihypertensive agents in patients with resistant hypertension (RH). We evaluated the comparative effectiveness and safety of aldosterone AA versus BB.

METHODS:
We conducted a real-world retrospective cohort study using IBM MarketScan commercial claims and Medicare Supplemental claims (2007–2019). Patients with RH entered the cohort (ie, index date) when they newly initiated either AA or BB. The effectiveness outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Safety outcomes were hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, and kidney function deterioration. Potential confounding was addressed by adjustment for baseline characteristics via stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (SIPTW) based on propensity scores. Cox proportional hazards regression with SIPTWs were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% CI comparing risk for outcomes between AA and BB groups.

RESULTS:
We identified 80 598 patients with RH (mean age: 61 years, 51% males), of which 6626 initiated AA and 73 972 initiated BB as the fourth antihypertensive agent. Among patients with RH, initiation of AA as a fourth-line antihypertensive agent did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular event risk relative to BB initiation (aHR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.50–1.19]) but did substantially increase the risk of hyperkalemia (aHR, 3.86 [95% CI, 2.78–5.34]), gynecomastia (aHR, 9.51 [95% CI, 5.69–15.89]), and kidney function deterioration (aHR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.34–1.99]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Long-term clinical trials powered to assess major adverse cardiovascular events are necessary to understand the risk-benefit trade-off of AA as fourth-line therapy for RH.
Dynein Coordinates β2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: van der Horst Jennifer , Rognant Salomé , Hellsten Ylva , Aalkjær Christian , Jepps Thomas A. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)7.4 and Kv7.5 channels contribute to the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. In arteries from hypertensive rodents, the Kv7.4 channel is downregulated and function attenuated, which contributes to the reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation observed in these arteries. Recently, we showed that disruption of the microtubule network, with colchicine, or inhibition of the microtubule motor protein, dynein, with ciliobrevin D, enhanced the membrane abundance and function of Kv7.4 channels in rat mesenteric arteries. This study aimed to determine whether these pharmacological compounds can improve Kv7.4 function in third-order mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, thereby restoring the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation.

methods:
Wire and intravital myography was performed on normotensive and hypertensive male rat mesenteric arteries and immunostaining was performed on isolated smooth muscle cells from the same arteries.

Results:
Using wire and intravital microscopy, we show that ciliobrevin D enhanced the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation by isoprenaline. This effect was inhibited partially by the Kv7 channel blocker linopirdine and was dependent on an increased functional contribution of the β2-adrenoceptor to the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation. In mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, ciliobrevin D and colchicine both improved the isoprenaline-mediated vasorelaxation and relaxation to the Kv7.2 -7.5 activator, ML213. Immunostaining confirmed ciliobrevin D enhanced the membrane abundance of Kv7.4. As well as an increase in the function of Kv7.4, the functional changes were associated with an increase in the contribution of β2-adrenoceptor following isoprenaline treatment. Immunostaining experiments showed ciliobrevin D prevented isoprenaline-mediated internalizationof the β2-adrenoceptor.

Conclusions:
Overall, these data show that colchicine and ciliobrevin D can induce a β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat as well as reinstating Kv7.4 channel function.
Urine Uromodulin Is Not Associated With Blood Pressure in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort
Authors: Bakhoum Christine Y. , Matheson Matthew B. , Greenberg Jason H. , Furth Susan L. , Ix Joachim H. , Garimella Pranav S. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Uromodulin regulates activity of the sodium-potassium-two-chloride transporter in the loop of Henle. In adults, higher urine uromodulin levels are associated with greater rise in blood pressure (BP) in response to salt intake. We hypothesized that higher urine uromodulin levels would be associated with higher BP in children with chronic kidney disease, and that there would be an interaction of dietary sodium on this association.

METHODS:
In the chronic kidney disease in children Cohort, we utilized univariable and multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the relationship between baseline spot urine uromodulin levels indexed to urine creatinine (Umod/Cr mg/g) and 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic BP, as well as baseline clinic BP. We also tested whether sodium intake (g/day) modified these relationships.

RESULTS:

Among 436 participants, the median age was 12.4 years (8.9–15.2), median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(36–62), and median 24-hour mean systolic BP was 112 mm Hg (104–119). The etiology of chronic kidney disease was glomerular disease in 27%. In univariable models, each 2-fold higher Umod/Cr ratio was associated with a 1.66 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.31 to −1.00) lower 24-hour mean systolic and a 1.71 mm Hg (−2.45 to −0.97) lower clinic systolic BP. However, there was no statistically significant association between Umod/Cr and either 24-hour or clinic BP in multivariable models. We did not find a significant interaction between uromodulin and sodium intake in their effect on BP (
P
>0.05 in all models).

CONCLUSIONS:
Urine uromodulin levels are not associated with BP in the chronic kidney disease in children cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in healthy pediatric cohorts.
S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate)–Induced Vasodilation in Human Resistance Arterioles During Health and Disease
Authors: Katunaric Boran , SenthilKumar Gopika , Schulz Mary E. , De Oliveira Nilto , Freed Julie K. 
Published: September 2022

Background:

Preclinical studies suggest that S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) influences blood pressure regulation primarily through NO-induced vasodilation. Because microvascular tone significantly contributes to mean arterial pressure, the mechanism of S1P on human resistance arterioles was investigated. We hypothesized that S1P induces NO-mediated vasodilation in human arterioles from adults without coronary artery disease (non–coronary artery disease) through activation of 2 receptors, S1PR
1
(S1P receptor 1) and S1PR
3
(S1P receptor 3). Furthermore, we tested whether this mechanism is altered in vessels from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

methods:
Human arterioles (50–200 µm in luminal diameter) were dissected from otherwise discarded surgical adipose tissue, cannulated, and pressurized. Following equilibration, resistance vessels were preconstricted with ET-1 (endothelin-1) and changes in internal diameter to increasing concentrations of S1P (10-12 to 10-7 M) in the presence or absence of various inhibitors were measured.

Results:

S1P resulted in significant dilation that was abolished in vessels treated with S1PR
1
and S1PR
3
inhibitors and in vessels with reduced expression of each receptor. Dilation to S1P was significantly reduced in the presence of the NOS (NO synthase) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and the NO scavenger 2-4-(carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. Interestingly, dilation was also significantly impaired in the presence of PEG-catalase (polyethylene glycol–catalase), apocynin, and specific inhibitors of NOX (NADPH oxidases) 2 and 4. Dilation in vessels from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease was dependent on H
2
O
2
alone which was only dependent on S1PR
3
activation.

Conclusions:
These translational studies highlight the inter-species variation observed in vascular signaling and provide insight into the mechanism by which S1P regulates microvascular resistance and ultimately blood pressure in humans.
Red Blood Cell Microparticles Limit Hematoma Growth in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rehni Ashish K. , Cho Sunjoo , Quero Hever Navarro , Shukla Vibha , Zhang Zhexuan , Dong Chuanhui , Zhao Weizhao , Perez-Pinzon Miguel A. , Koch Sebastian , Jy Wenche , Dave Kunjan R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is the deadliest stroke subtype with no effective therapies. Limiting hematoma expansion is a promising therapeutic approach. Red blood cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) are novel hemostatic agents. Therefore, we studied the potential of RMPs in limiting hematoma growth and improving outcomes post-sICH.

Methods:
sICH was induced in rats by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. RMPs were prepared from human RBCs by high-pressure extrusion. Behavioral and hematoma/lesion volume assessment were done post-sICH. The optimal dose, dosing regimen, and therapeutic time window of RMP therapy required to limit hematoma growth post-sICH were determined. We also evaluated the effect of RMPs on long-term behavioral and histopathologic outcomes post-sICH.

Results:

RMP treatment limited hematoma growth following sICH. Hematoma volume (mm
3
) for vehicle- and RMP- (2.66×10
10
particles/kg) treated group was 143±8 and 86±4, respectively. The optimal RMP dosing regimen that limits hematoma expansion was identified. RMPs limit hematoma volume when administered up to 4.5-hour post-sICH. Hematoma volume in the 4.5-hour post-sICH RMP treatment group was lower by 24% when compared with the control group. RMP treatment also improved long-term histopathologic and behavioral outcomes post-sICH.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that RMP therapy limits hematoma growth and improves outcomes post-sICH in a rodent model. Therefore, RMPs have the potential to limit hematoma growth in sICH patients.
Artificial Intelligence–Parallel Stroke Workflow Tool Improves Reperfusion Rates and Door‐In to Puncture Interval
Authors: Hassan Ameer E. , Ringheanu Victor M. , Preston Laurie , Tekle Wondwossen G. 
Published: September 2022

Background
The Viz.ai artificial intelligence (AI) software module Viz large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) utilizes AI‐powered LVO detection and triage technology to automatically identify suspected LVOs through computed tomographic angiogram imaging and alert on‐call stroke teams. We performed this analysis to determine whether the Viz LVO software can reduce the door‐in to puncture time interval within a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) for patients requiring endovascular treatment.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review that compared the time interval between patient arrival in the emergency department (door‐in) to puncture for patients who presented consecutively with a stroke code to our CSC between November 2016 and May 2020. The implementation of the AI software (Viz LVO) at the CSC was in November 2018. Using a prospectively collected database at the CSC, demographics, and outcomes were examined. This study was based on evaluating real‐world practice.

Results

We analyzed 86 patients from the pre‐AI study phase (average age, 68.53±13.13 years, 40.7% female) and 102 patients from the post‐AI study phase (average age, 69.87±15.75 years, 43.1% women). Following the implementation of the software, the mean door‐in to puncture time interval within the CSC significantly improved by 86.7 minutes (206.6 versus 119.9 minutes;
P
<0.001); significant improvements were also noted in the rate of reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infraction 2B‐3) for patients in the post‐AI population (
P
=0.036).

Conclusion
The incorporation of the software was associated with a significant improvement in treatment time within the CSC, as well as significantly higher rates of adequate reperfusion. Prospective, multicenter, controlled studies with a larger cohort are warranted to expand on the ability of Viz LVO to improve treatment times and outcomes for patients with an LVO stroke.
The Advantages of Chaos: Myth-Making and COVID-19 in Hungary
Authors: Bradford Simon , Cullen F.J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created new opportunities and challenges for populist regimes. A growing body of work has explored the formation of populist and nationalist political reactions in the wake of a global health crisis. This article explores myth-making and the Covid 19 pandemic in populist Hungary. We identify pandemic ‘mythogenic’ narratives that reconfigure and replay older ethno-nationalist myths, those of the ‘polluting’ alien Other, Hungarian exceptionalism, and treachery and betrayal. Thus, the power of global crisis is drawn into extant myths to support local political ends and the interests of Hungary’s governing party. The article cites examples of mythologising practice from Hungary’s hybrid media landscape, suggesting Hungarian politics is as much contested within the mythic and symbolic as in other domains.
Contrasting Modern and Contemporary Populist Regimes
Authors: Peruzzotti Enrique 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article analyses populism as a specific logic of governmental exercise that sets into motion the pattern of transformation of contemporary democratic regimes: democratic hybridization. Democratic hybridization entails the piecemeal dismantling of key aspects of liberal constitutionalism that take place in already democratized societies and is carried out by democratically elected administrations. The proposed pattern of regime hybridization differs from the one described by the literature on competitive authoritarianism since it does not take place within an authoritarian regime but in a democratic one. If carried out to the end, the pattern of democratic hybridization might lead to the replacement of democracy with authoritarianism. Such a pattern of political change (and not the traditional pattern of regime rupture) is the main threat faced by liberal democracies nowadays.
Direct Comparisons between GPM-DPR and CloudSat Snowfall Retrievals
Authors: Chase Randy J. , Nesbitt Stephen W. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Wood Norman B. , Heymsfield Gerald M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two spaceborne radars currently in orbit enable the sampling of snowfall near the surface and throughout the atmospheric column, namely, CloudSat’s Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and the Global Precipitation Measurement mission’s Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR). In this paper, a direct comparison of the CPR’s 2C-SNOW-PROFILE (2CSP), the operational GPM-DPR algorithm (2ADPR) and a neural network (NN) retrieval applied to the GPM-DPR data is performed using coincident observations between both radars. Examination of over 3500 profiles within moderate to strong precipitation (Ka band ≥ 18 dBZ) show that the NN retrieval provides the closest retrieval of liquid equivalent precipitation rate R immediately above the melting level to the R retrieved just below the melting layer, agreeing within 5%. Meanwhile, 2CSP retrieves a maximum value of R at −15°C, decreases by 35% just above the melting layer, and is about 50% smaller than the GPM-DPR retrieved R below the melting layer. CPR-measured reflectivity shows median reduction of 2–3 dB from −15° to −2.5°C, likely the reason for the 2CSP retrieval reduction of R. Two case studies from NASA field campaigns [i.e., Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) and Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS)] provide analogs to the type of precipitating systems found in the comparison between retrieval products. For the snowfall events that GPM-DPR can observe, this work suggests that the 2CSP retrieval is likely underestimating the unattenuated reflectivity, resulting in a potential negative, or low, bias in R. Future work should investigate how frequently the underestimated reflectivity profiles occur within the CPR record and quantify its potential effects on global snowfall accumulation estimation.