bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Molecular Markers of Plasmodium Falciparum Resistance to Proguanil and Pyrimethamine in Children with Haemoglobin Phenotypes SS and AA in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Enato I G , Sadoh A E , Ibadin O M , Odunvbun M E 
Published: July 2022

Background: Chemoprophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is advocated in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Among them, antifolates: proguanil and pyrimethamine had replaced initial chemoprophylactic drugs because of widespread resistance. In recent past, efficacy of these antifolates has also come under scrutiny due to increasing level of drug resistance. Specific point mutations on Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene (pfdhfr) have been linked with resistance to proguanil and pyrimethamine and they can be used as markers in monitoring prevalence and level of resistance to the drugs.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to proguanil and pyrimethamine in children with SCA.
Methods: A total of 146 Plasmodium falciparum isolates (71 from children with SCA and 75 from those with Haemoglobin AA: HbAA) were evaluated for point mutations and mutant haplotypes on the pfdhfr gene using nested polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by direct sequencing.
Results: The triple (S108N+N51I+C59N) mutant haplotype was present in 100.0% and 96.0% of samples from children with SCA and HbAA respectively. S108T, A16V and 1164L mutationswere not present in both groups.
Conclusion: High prevalence of triple mutant haplotype mediates significant resistance to pyrimethamine and implies that pyrimethamine resistance is fixed in the study locale. However, the absence of pfdhfr S108T and A16V mutations, which indicate specific resistance to proguanil but not to pyrimethamine, suggests that proguanil is still useful even in the face of pyrimethamine resistance. The threat of proguanil resistance is however real due to high prevalence of the triple mutant pfdhfr haplotype.
Keywords: Drug-resistance; Molecular markers; Plasmodium falciparum; Proguanil; Pyrimethamine.
Multiple Blood Transfusion may contribute to Abnormal Liver and Endocrine Functions in Adults with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Adeyeye  
Published: July 2022

Background: The study evaluated the effect of multiple blood transfusions on the prevalence of iron load and its effects on organ functions in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA).
Methodology: Sixty-seven multiply transfused SCA subjects and 58 non-multiply transfused SCA controls were investigated. Serum ferritin, insulin, growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured by the ELISA method while plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was measured spectrophotometrically.
Results: The median serum ferritin level was 364.97 (142.5-579.3) ng/ml and that of ALT was 12.20 (7.4-16.7) IU/l in the subjects and were significantly higher compared with 115.31 (81.3-285.6) ng/ml and 7.74(5.9-9.9) IU/l obtained in the controls (p <0.001 in each case). TSH was significantly lower 1.45 (0.4-2.9) µIU/ml in subjects compared with 2.12 (0.7-3.6) µIU/ml obtained in the controls (p = 0.034). The mean values for T4 in the subjects was 10.19 ± 1.5 µg/dl and was significantly higher compared with that of the controls of 9.57 ± 1.5 µg/dl (p = 0.026). However, there were no significant differences in the mean values of T3, GH and Insulin between the cases and the controls. There was a strong correlation between serum ferritin level and the number of units of blood transfused in the subjects (r = 0.575, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study found high serum ferritin level in multiply transfused SCA patients and which also correlated with the number of blood units transfused.
Authors
O A Adeyeye 1, L Salawu 1 2
Paediatric Cardiac Anaesthesia at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria: The Hurdles, Struggles, and Successes
Authors: Adenekan  
Published: July 2022

Background: Open-heart surgery started at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 5 years ago through partnership with foreign partners. This paper reviewed the difficulties facing the development of paediatric cardiac anaesthesia, the pattern, and the outcome of cases managed.
Methods: A review of the infrastructure, equipment, manpower and operational setup for open-heart surgery at OAUTHC was done. A retrospective study of all patients that were operated on from April 2016 to March 2021 was performed. Extracted data were analysed with Statistical Packages for the Social Scientists using descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 102 patients had open-heart surgeries during the period under review by the various teams in a shared facility of the hospital's main theatre. Challenges with manpower, infrastructure, and supplies were major limitations to service delivery. Most of the patients (75.5%) were aged < 5 years. The commonest procedures performed were ventricular septal defect closure (31.4%), total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (26.5%), and atrial septal defect closure (9.8%). Fast-tracked anaesthesia was used always except where it was contraindicated. Most (76.7%) of the cases were extubated within 24 hours after surgery; the mean (SD) duration of ventilation in the ICU was 0.99 (1.2) days and the average length of ICU stay was 3 days. The overall mortality rate was 20.6%.
Conclusion: Numerous challenges confront the provision of sustainable paediatric cardiac anaesthesia services in resource-constrained settings like ours. Much can be achieved with appropriate investment in material and manpower, and partnership with experienced teams.
Authors
A T Adenekan 1, A M Owojuyigbe 1, O I Aaron 1, O O Ojo 2
Vitiligo in the City of Bukavu ( Democratic Republic of Congo)
Authors: Ngolo  
Published: July 2022

Background: Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by selective loss of melanocytes resulting in circumscribed, depigmented macules and patches. Although it does not cause physical pain that warrants a patient to complain, its effects can be psychological, leading to stigmatization and suicidal ideation.
Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim over a period of one year and 8 months (February 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020). The patients attending the dermatology-venereology services of the University Clinics of Bukavu (CUB) and the Saint-Luc Clinic of Bukavu (CSLB) were recruited into the study. It focused on patients received in consultation for vitiligo. The diagnosis of vitiligo was made based on clinical examination and when in doubt, a skin biopsy was carried out to confirm histological diagnosis. The data were entered and analysed using Epi info3.5.1.
Results: The prevalence of vitiligo in this study was 2.0%. The mean age was 24.5 years and range from 6 months to 73 years. The age group most affected was 0 to 9 years with 41.9%. The female sex represented 61.3% and the M/F sex ratio was 1.5. Stress (12.9) and repeated trauma (6.5) were the most reported triggers. Family history was present in 29.0% of cases. Atopy (29.0%) and thyroiditis (9.7%) were the most common associated pathologies. Preferred lesion locations were the face (48.4%), external genitalia (41.9%) and extremities (22.6%). The predominant clinical form was non-segmental vitiligo (80.6%). Among the paraclinical examinations carried out, the inflammatory assessment was the most disturbed (9.7%).
Conclusion: Vitiligo is a dermatosis that can affect anyone; regardless of gender, age or race.
Authors
M Ngolo 1, P Yassa 2, B Ndayazi 3
Tramadol-Induced Acute Seizures: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Fawale  
Published: July 2022

There is a rise in substance abuse in Nigeria and prescription drugs, particularly opioid analgesics, which are increasingly becoming a target of abuse. Abuse of the opiod tramadol has the potential to precipitate seizures. We present 3 cases of tramadol-induced seizures presenting at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. The three patients were men, aged 22-40 years and abused other drugs including alcohol, cannabis and Rohypnol. This report illustrates the fact that tramadol abuse may be associated with acute seizures and it is reasonable to consider drug/opiod-induced seizure in every case of unexplained first episode of seizure in a young adult
Authors
M B Fawale 1, A A Adebowale 1, A O Idowu 1, S A Balogun 2, A A Sanusi 1, M A Komolafe 1
Early Experience of Laparoscopic Surgery in a Teaching Hospital in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Adumah  
Published: July 2022

Introduction/background: Laparoscopic surgery is still at its budding phase in low resource countries. The reasons for this include poor financing of the health sector and lack of trained personnel. The aim of this article is to highlight our initial experiences, our challenges in setting up laparoscopic surgery in a private tertiary hospital in rural southwestern Nigeria, and to share our efforts towards alleviating these challenges.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all patient who had laparoscopic surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Surgery Department of Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilisan, Ogun State was carried out. Their sociodemographic, preoperative and intraoperative data along with postoperative records were subjected to descriptive analysis.
Results: During the period, 19 patients had laparoscopic procedures: 12(63.2%) males and 7 (36.8%) females with age ranging from 4 to 63years. The most common indication for laparoscopic surgery was appendicitis, representing 84.2% of the procedures. Most of the procedures were done on emergency basis (63.1%) while 36.9% were elective procedures. All the procedures were therapeutic though in 21.1% we started with diagnostic intent but intra-operatively we proceed to therapeutic procedure following confirmation of the diagnosis. The duration of the procedures ranged from 40 minutes to 107 minutes with a mean duration of 74.8±19 minutes. No intra or post operative complications were recorded in this cohort of patients. The mean duration of hospital stay was 2 days.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in low resource setting. We recommend that centers embarking on laparoscopic surgeries should start with diagnostic procedures and gradually incorporate therapeutic procedures as they improve in proficiency.
Author
C C Adumah 1, A O Mosanya 1, O F Salami 2, O K Apata 1, I O Ogundele 1, E C Onuoha 1
¿Las creencias y el uso de la medicina alternativa y complementaria afectan la decisión de consultar la medicina científca? Estudio de las variables socioculturales en la comuna de Paihuano
Authors: Seguel Felipe , Cruz Pia , Seguel Natalia , González Diego 
Published: July 2022

Las variables socioculturales y creencias específicas de cada persona dan una validez contextual y relativa del saber, por tanto, son elementos influyentes en relación al concepto de salud física o mental. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de conocer la influencia de los factores socioculturales en la consulta de la medicina científica en la comuna de Paihuano, aplicando una encuesta que recogió información sobre las características sociodemográficas, uso de terapia alternativa y complementaria (MAC) y creencias en mayores de 15 a os. El 74.7% de los encuestados respondió que el uso de MAC no afecta la decisión de consultar la medicina científica, el 71.9% contestó que sus creencias no afectan la decisión de consultar la medicina científica y un 75.5% re ere que la medicina científica y la MAC son complementarias. Al realizar el análisis de varianza respecto de las variables mencionadas, estratificadas por edad, religión, educación y percepción de salud nos dan una probabilidad de 0.984, 0.998, 0.994 y 0.996 respectivamente con un valor crítico de F de Fisher que no se cumple en ninguno de los casos, lo que sugiere que las creencias y el uso de MAC no afectan la decisión de consultar la medicina científica en la comuna de Paihuano.
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) made from Sidoarjo mud (Lusi mud)
Authors: Perdanawati Rizqi Abdi , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Triwulan  , Sawiji Asri , Noverma  , Setiawan Fajar 
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) containing Sidoarjo Mud (Lusi) mud to utilize the mud. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) made from fine Artificial Lightweight Aggregate from Lusi mud and Fly Ash as a filler, sintered Lusi mud as the binder, aluminium powder as the foaming agent. Autoclaving process was conducted at 14 bars for 6 hours. AAC prepared in 3 (three) compositions, based on the variation of filler. The filler used in the research were sands (M-sand), fine ALWA made from Lusi mud (M-0), and fine ALWA made from Lusi mud mixed by fly ash (M-50). The workability of AAC investigated in this research was compressive strength of the AAC after 14 days, density, and X-Ray Diffraction. Experimental data showing that the compressive strength of AAC depends on the filler that is used, AAC classified at AAC-3 and AAC-4. The density of all the AAC can’t be classified as lightweight concrete. Experiment data showed the density occurs at 1148,0 kg/m3 to 1206,4 kg/m3. Chemical compounds of AAC with fine ALWA filler consisted of quartz, hematite, tobermorite, calcite, anorthite, magnetite, lime, and forsterite.
Analysis of microRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from acute myeloid leukemia by p62 knockdown and effect on angiogenesis
Authors: Li Chuan , Long Xinyi , Liang Peiqi , Liu Zhuogang , Wang Chen , Hu Rong 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of p62 on angiogenesis and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exosomes.

Methods
An Exiqon v19.0 microRNA MicroArray was used to profile miRNAs in exosomes derived from parental and p62-knockdown U937 cells. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to predict the biological functions and potential mechanisms of differentially expressed miRNAs in AML exosomes. Endothelial cell tube formation assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were performed to investigate the effect of AML exosomes on angiogenesis.

Results
We demonstrated that 2,080 miRNAs were expressed in exosomes derived from our cultured cell samples, of which 215 and 208 miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in p62-knockdown U937 cells (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05). GO analysis indicated that miRNAs were most enriched in the intercellular pathways. Biological process analysis revealed that 1460 biological processes were associated with downregulated transcripts, including 19 pathways related to vesicles, and 1,515 pathways were upregulated, including 8 pathways related to vesicles. Molecular function analysis indicated that protein binding, transcription regulator activity, and DNA-binding transcription factor activity were enriched (P < 0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that 84 pathways corresponded to upregulated transcripts, and 55 pathways corresponded to downregulated transcripts (P < 0.05). We also found that exosomes derived from U937 cells promoted angiogenesis in HUVECs.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that exosomal miRNAs may play important roles in the pathogenesis of AML, which may be treated by p62 knockdown with exosomal miRNAs to inhibit angiogenesis.
Adherence and Counselling on Antiretroviral Regimen: A Cross-sectional Study of Adults’ Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Cudjoe Miller, Marian 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy is an effective technique for controlling virus spread and extending the lives of those who are infected. The focus of the research was to look at the link with compliance and counseling in HIV-infected people at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 103 HIV-infected people who had been taking ART for more than 6 months at the hospital. The study employed a basic random sampling approach, which provided each participant with an equal opportunity to participate. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used to evaluate the quantitative data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to characterize patients' social-demographic characteristics. To explore about a linkage with adherence and counseling, correlation was used.
Results: Data of the study was analyzed with SPSS using correlation. Based on the results, the study discovered a substantial linear link between counseling and antiretroviral medication adherence, with a Pearson r correlation of .318 and a significant linear of.001.
Conclusion: This implies that a counseling session might aid in the understanding of facts provided regarding the infection and medicine, as well as in adhering to the regimen prescribed. In addition, aids in the minimization of the fear of stigmatization.
A Generalized Topology from the Edge Set of Maximal Paths of Directed Graphs
Authors: Laping Darlene Dale L. , Balingit Cherry Mae R. 
Published: July 2022

This study intends to provide a fundamental step towards studying the properties of directed graphs with their corresponding generalized topological spaces. A generalized topology (GT) \(\mu\) on a nonempty set X is defined as a family of subsets of X such that \(\Theta\) and an arbitrary union of sets in \(\mu\) is in \(\mu\) . In this study, we introduce a new generalized topology generated by the set of edges of maximal paths of the directed graph D called the maximal path edge generalized topology (MPE\(\Gamma\)), denoted by \(\Gamma\)MP (D). The basic topological properties and connectedness in the context of this new structure are explored and illustrated. In particular, this paper established that (E(D); \(\Gamma\)MP (D)) is a strong generalized topological space and characterized the open and closed sets in this space. Moreover, it was seen that the MPE\(\Gamma\) space of every disconnected digraph is \(\Gamma\)MPMP -disconnected and the MPE\(\Gamma\) space of every connected digraph is also characterized.
A Temperature Based Model for Cotton Mealybug to Development, Survival and Population Growth Potential
Authors: Vinithraja R. , Ravikumar R. , Selvaraj K. N. , Anandhi V. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Based on the different temperature model, analysis the cotton mealy bug growth, developmental, survival, mortality, and reproduction rate.
Place and Duration of Study: This secondary data were collected from Central Institute of Cotton Research, Coimbatore.
Methodology: In this study, we used models like the Sharpe and DeMichele model, the Wang model, the Polynomial model, the Stinner model, and the Gaussian model. To measure the goodness-of-fit criteria, the model performance has been assured using Coefficient of Determination (R2), Alkaline Information Criteria (AIC), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute error (MAE), Relative Absolute Error (RAE) and Relative Standard Error (RSE).
Result and Conclusion: From the Sharpe and Demichele and Polynomial models, male have highest R2 and least error values. From the Wang model, nymph 3 has highest R2 and least error values. When compare all models the Polynomial model have highest R2 and least error values. So it is the best fit model compare to all the models.
Structural Evaluating the Production of Paving Stone by Using Recycled Nylon and Plastic Wastes
Authors: Olawale O. Obadimu , Shittu M. B. , Abdullateef O. Alabi 
Published: July 2022

This research project is concerned with the Structural Evaluating the Production of Paving Stones by Using Recycled Nylon and Plastic Waste. Nylon and Plastics have become widely used materials in Nigeria, ranging from home, commercial and industrial use. Managing the wastes generated through the industrial booms has become a concern because of its harmful environmental effects. The study work is mainly limited to the Federal Polytechnic Offa and Offa community in Kwara State for materials gathering for data collection. This study assesses the volume of nylon and plastic wastes generated within the study area. Three samples of wastes (polymer) named A, B and C ' sachet water's nylon, packaging nylon and pet bottles', were selected for the process. The recycling process involves sorting, cleaning, and drying. Further, the thermoplastic materials undergo a melting process using a temperature range of 150-165oC with the aggregate compositions of moulding materials and produced eight prototype models of paving stones. The sample was subjected to a water absorption test, flexural test, and oven test and observed that; samples A, B and C in ratios 1:1, 1:1, and 1:2 have greater values of tested parameters compared to paving stone made with conventional cement and granite dust. Hence, paving stones made from nylon and plastic materials (Polymers) have greater strength and resistance to water absorption. Therefore, the researchers suggested an open platform for a close collaboration between the government and the professionals in the built environment to encourage the use of waste material to replace cement.
A Repertoire of Antibody after Complete Vaccination of Covishield Concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2- an Observational Study
Authors: Anusreeraj R. S. , Dharan Shaiju S. , Biju Abhijith , Aiswarya S. , Alfiya R. , Rajan Alina 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the repertoire of antibody after complete vaccination of covishield concerning SARS-CoV-2.
Study Design: Observational Study.
Place And Duration of Study: The study was conducted in community area in Kerala for a duration of six months from January 2022 to June 2022.
Methodology: The study was conducted in community area using 30 samples. The participants who fulfill inclusion criteria were selected and samples were collected by convenience sampling from the community and analyzed by the DDRC (Doctor’s Diagnostic and Research Centre) by using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The collected data was statistically interpreted using SPSS software version 26.0 and the development of antibody after complete dose of vaccination was analyzed.
Results: In this study blood samples were collected from 30 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Out of 30 subjects, 12 were females and 18 were males. The mean interval between the doses were 91.63. All the 30 samples produced antibodies greater than 250 U/ml. The study helps to provide qualitative evidence that the vaccine produces antibody response.
Conclusion: Covid-19 vaccines are being available into public for human use after limited testing and trials. Many efforts are being directed towards development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The information made available from this study can be utilized to prove that covishield vaccine is effective for producing antibodies. Most of the people took vaccines since it was mandatory rather than concerning its benefits. By providing evidence of antibody development after complete vaccination can improve the public attitude towards the vaccination.