bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic disease relapses: A cross-sectional study of the associated factors and socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru
Authors: Visconti-Lopez Fabriccio J. , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Solorzano-Salazar Dustin M. , Azañedo Diego 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
To investigate the prevalence, associated factors and socioeconomic inequalities in chronic disease relapses (CDR) during 2020 in Peru.

Methods
A secondary analysis was made of the National Household Survey on Living Conditions and Poverty (ENAHO) 2020. Participants older than 18 years who suffered from a chronic disease and with information about the occurrence of a CDR in the last 4 weeks prior to the survey were included. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the associated factors. Socioeconomic inequality in CDR was estimated using concentration curves (CC) and the Erreygers concentration index (ECI).

Results
Data from 38,662 participants were analyzed; the prevalence of CDR in the last 4 weeks prior to the survey was 16.5% (95% CI: 15.8–17.2). Being female (aPR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.21–1.37), with regards to being male; being 30–39 (aPR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05–1.42), 40–49 (aPR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12–1.48), 50–59 (aPR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.41–1.82), and 60 years or older (aPR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.58–2.04), compared to 18–29; reaching up to primary (aPR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07–1.31), or secondary education (aPR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.24), in contrast to tertiary education; presenting some physical, psychological or cognitive limitation (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.46), with respect to experiencing no limitations; and being affiliated to a health insurance (aPR 1.18; CI 95%: 1.09–1.29), opposed to not having health insurance; were associated with a higher probability of CDR. Residing in the natural region of the coastal area (aPR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74–0.92) was associated with a lower probability of relapse compared to residing in the jungle area. In people with limitations and residents of the jungle areas, the prevalence of CDR was concentrated in those with higher per capita spending.

Conclusions
Approximately 1 in 6 Peruvians with chronic diseases had a relapse within the last 4 weeks prior to the survey of 2020 and certain geographic and sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with CDR. It was also found that a higher concentration of CDR was observed in the population with the highest per capita spending with some limitations, as well as in residents of the jungle, implying the need for appropriate policy interventions that address CDR with a special focus on these populations.
“I would watch her with awe as she swallowed the first handful”: A qualitative study of pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis experiences in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Misra Shriya , Misra Nirupa , Seepamore Boitumelo , Holloway Kerry , Singh Nalini , Ngozo Jacqui , Dlamini Vusi , Radebe Zanele , Ndjeka Norbert O. , Furin Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Background
There are limited data on the experiences of children being treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), and most work in the area has been done with older children and adolescents. Comprehensive explorations of the caregiver experiences in this area are also lacking.

Objective
To describe the experiences of being treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis of children and their caregivers.

Methods
This was a qualitative study done using focus group discussions (FGDs) among three different groups of participants: 1) health care providers involved in the care of children being treated for DR-TB (including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists)—herein referred to as providers; 2) household caregivers of children being treated for DR-TB—herein referred to as caregivers; and 3) children who were being treated for DR-TB—herein referred to as children. The population was a convenience sample and included children hospitalized between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2020, ages 0–14 years old, as well as their caregivers and providers. Focus group transcripts and notes were analysed using a thematic network analysis based in grounded theory The analysis was iterative and the coding system developed focused on “stressful experiences” as well as ways to address them along the diagnostic and treatment journey. This paper follows the COREQ guidelines.

Results
16 children between the ages 7 and 14 years participated in 5 FGDs, 30 caregivers participated in 7 FGDs, and 12 providers participated in 3 FDGs. Data from the children and the caregivers were the focus of this analysis, although some themes were informed by the discussions with the providers as well. In general, it was reported that for a child diagnosed with DR-TB, there is a lived experience of stress that impacts their physical, mental, and social well-being. These pediatric patients and their families therefore develop strategies for coping with these disruptions to their lives. In general, there were major disruptive experiences that resulted from the process around receiving a diagnosis of DR-TB and second distinct set of stressful experiences that occurred during the treatment of DR-TB once the diagnosis had been made. These stresses occur in the physical, mental, and social realms, and families develop multiple strategies to cope with them, demonstrating resilience in the face of this disease.

Conclusion
Addressing the stresses experienced by children and their caregivers through child-friendly DR-TB testing, treatment, and counseling is not only essential for ending TB but also for enacting a human-rights based approach to child health in general. Children with DR-TB are a vulnerable population, and they have often been the last to benefit from advances in general pediatric care and in DR-TB care more specifically.
Effect of socioeconomic status on smoking cessation behavior in selected African countries: Secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey data (2014–2018)
Authors: Vilane Zinto Gabsile , Kodali Prakash Babu , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Tobacco use remains a global public health challenge. While studies report that smoking cessation reduces the risk of cancer and other NCDs, evidence is scarce in African region on socio-economic determinants of smoking cessation behavior. This study examined the socio-economic differentials of smoking cessation behavior among smokers in four African countries.

Methods
The study was conducted through secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data from four African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal and Tanzania). Smoking cessation behavior was assessed using two variables i) intention to quit smoking in next 12 months and ii) previous quit attempts made within 12 months preceding the survey. The weighted percentages for intention to quit smoking and previous quit attempts were computed. The adjusted odds ratios were computed using multinomial logistic regression to identify the association between socio-economic factors and smoking cessation behavior.

Results
Across the four countries studied, the previous quit attempts among smokers were in the range of 39.6% to 53.7%. Around 7.6% to 15.8% of the smokers tried to quit with an assistance. In Ethiopia over 76.5% of current smokers reported no intention to quit in next 12 months after survey, whereas the same was 50.4% in Senegal. While country specific differences were observed, females, those belonging to the poorest wealth index, unemployed and those without any formal education reported significantly lower odds of previous quit attempts or having an intention to quit smoking.

Conclusion
The socio-economic vulnerabilities were found to compromise smoking cessation behavior among the smokers in countries studied. Targeted interventions, adherence to smokefree laws, and provision of cessation support are essential to improve quit rates and mitigate tobacco risks among socio-economically vulnerable population.
Clinical feature and sural biopsy study in nitrous oxide-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wang Qian , Duan Xiaohui , Dong Mingrui , Sun Shaojie , Zhang Pan , Liu Fang , Wang Li , Wang Renbin 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The objective was to analyze the clinical characteristics and pathological characteristics of sural biopsy in nitrous oxide (N2O) -induced peripheral neuropathy.

Methods
We recruited 18 patients with N2O abuse-induced neurological disorders and reported their demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and nerve conduction studies. Seven patients underwent sural nerve biopsy pathologic examination.

Results
All 18 patients had polyneuropathy, the nerve conduction results showed significant reductions in motor and sensory amplitudes, slowing of conduction velocities, and prolongation of latencies in most tested nerves compared to the controls. Toluidine blue staining of semi-thin sections of sural nerve biopsy showed decreased myelinated nerve fiber density, increased thin myelinated nerve fiber density, and axonal regeneration. Electron microscopy showed axonal degeneration and nerve regeneration.

Conclusion
The main manifestations of peripheral nerve damage caused by the abuse of N2O are lower limb weakness and distal sensory disorder. The nerve conduction study results demonstrated that mixed axonal and demyelinating neuropathy was the most common type of neuropathy. Sural biopsy showed the main pathological change was chronic axonal degeneration.
(say) between 22 and 24 seconds
Authors: Bowman Deborah 
Published: September 2022

This essay considers William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930/1947) as a text situated within overlapping cultures of editing. Most famously, the book responds to Robert Graves and Laura Riding’s readings of Shakespeare’s “unedited” Sonnet 129, but it also closely reads scholarly footnotes. Empson’s own revisions for the 2nd edition and his prefatory reflections on them then extend an awareness of and willingness to play with mise-en-page unusual in literary criticism of the period, though common in its poetry. Seven Types should also be seen in the context of the Experiment group of writers, artists, and film-makers, for whom editing included montage and the curation of found texts and images. As a highly self-conscious textual environment predicated on editorial intervention read and written as a creative resource and scene of performance, it challenges the prospective editor by focusing attention on the spaces and times of editing.
Further questions about textual performance are posed by this article’s form. All academic articles, like editions, are montages: they assemble, in significant sequence, textual elements drawn from different sources. Current conventions of scholarly referencing tend to conceal this, however, in that they persistently shift authority and attention away from the montage as process, the local effects of the selections and juxtapositions it performs, and the reader’s experience of these in the here and now of reading. Whereas the edition’s authority draws a text’s history into the present tense of its utterance, the article’s scholarly apparatus directs us to the past (in the form of those pre-existing and uncut works from which cited material originates) and scripts a future (in which readers will trace and restore this material to its original location). In order to reflect on the edition, this essay removes most of the article’s usual apparatus of reference in order to allow the montage itself and its present tense to predominate; where short quotations are incorporated in the text italics are substituted for quotation marks to indicate the temporary alteration of tone from one voice to another. These departures do not argue for the wholesale elimination of scholarly apparatus; rather, the essay’s wider suggestion would be that creative-critical writing is in a position to question all aspects of the academic text, reclaiming its form and formats for authorial use so that the conventional can re-emerge as an expressive resource.
The Impact of Income Inequality on Mortality: A Replication Study of Leigh and Jencks (Journal of Health Economics, 2007)
Authors: Wu Weilun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study replicates “Leigh A., & Jencks C. (2007). Inequality and mortality: Long-run evidence from a panel of countries. Journal of Health Economics, 26(1), 1–24” study of the relationship between income inequality and mortality. L&J find no evidence that income inequality is related to country-level mortality. Their analysis is based on two-way fixed effects specifications applied to a panel of 12 countries over periods ending in 2003. After reconstructing L&J’s data from original sources, I am able to closely reproduce their findings. When I use superior inequality data and extend L&J’s data to an additional 11 countries and 15 years, I confirm their results. When I use multiple imputation to increase the sample to full size, I again do not find a significant relationship between income inequality and mortality. As a result, I conclude that my replication exercise confirms L&J’s results. The new analysis provides consistent evidence for the view that income inequality is not significantly related to mortality.
The Influence of Economic Freedom on the Shadow Economy in Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Freytag Andreas , Schneider Friedrich , Spiegel Sebastian E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We empirically analyze to what extent economic freedom can explain the size and development of the shadow economy in OECD and other European countries. We econometrically examine the relation between a change of the overall index of economic freedom and the change of the shadow economy. We undertake an econometric panel estimation of 141 countries over the period 2000–2007. Our results demonstrate that first, the higher the economic freedom, the lower is the shadow economy. This holds especially for the index-sub-component legal structure and security of property rights. The sub-component freedom to trade internationally provides further support for this relation, limited to cases of positive changes of economic freedom. Second, the effects are asymmetrically, they are stronger when economic freedom increases than in the case of a decrease.
Towards single-cell pulsed EPR using VCO-based EPR-on-a-chip detectors
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Atef , Kern Michal , Chu Anh , Kalra Gatik , Shabratova Ekaterina , Tsarapkin Aleksei , MacKinnon Neil , Lips Klaus , Teutloff Christian , Bittl Robert , Korvink Jan Gerrit , Anders Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the gold standard for studying paramagnetic species. As an example, in structural biology, it allows to extract information about distance distributions on the nanometer scale via site-directed spin labeling. Conventional pulsed EPR of biological samples is currently limited to relatively large sample concentrations and cryogenic temperatures, mainly due to low sensitivity and the significant dead time associated with conventional resonator-based EPR setups, essentially precluding in-cell EPR under physiological conditions. This paper presents our latest progress toward single-cell pulsed EPR using VCO-based EPR-on-a-chip (EPRoC) sensors. Together with an analytical model for VCO-based pulsed EPR, we present an experimental scheme to perform dead-time-free pulsed EPR measurements using EPRoC detectors. The proposed scheme is validated using extensive numerical simulations and proof-of-concept experiments on the spin dynamics of an organic radical at room temperature using a custom-designed EPRoC detector operating in the Ka-band around 30.4 GHz. Additionally, we discuss methods to improve the excitation field homogeneity and sample handling through chip post-processing and custom-designed microfluidics. Finally, we present our progress towards compact, portable pulsed EPR spectrometers incorporating EPRoC detectors, microfluidics, and custom-designed permanent magnets. Such portable EPR spectrometers can pave the way toward new EPR applications, including point-of-care diagnostics.
Teenage menstrual dysfunction: an overview
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When a girl experiences her first period, she starts a new phase of her life and becomes biologically capable of becoming a mother and giving birth to a child. Girls’ hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis reaches “axial maturity” during puberty, when they are between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. Secondary biological features, including as growth, body-shape changes in females, breast growth, hair growth on the vulva, and hair growth on the axillary pits, are often observed during this era. The first menstruation, or menarche, is also commonly observed during this time. During the menstrual cycle, a woman’s ability to conceive and give birth is at the core of her reproductive life.
The assessment of point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) in acute care settings is benefitted by early medical school integration and fellowship training
Authors: Kern Julia , Scarpulla Megan , Finch Charles , Martini Wayne , Bolch Charlotte A. , Al-Nakkash Layla 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has widespread utilization in multiple clinical settings. It has been shown to positively influence clinician confidence in diagnosis and can help appropriately manage patients in acute care settings. There has been a growing trend of increased emphasis on incorporating POCUS training in the first 2 years of the medical school curriculum.

Objectives
This article aims to analyze the clinical use of POCUS in acute settings and how training early in medical school may strengthen clinician confidence and utilization.

Methods
An anonymous 10-question survey on POCUS use was conducted via a secure online platform and distributed to board-certified practicing physicians (MDs and DOs) with educational agreements with Midwestern University (MWU) across acute care specialties. This included preceptors within the MWU graduate medical education clinical consortium. Survey questions were aimed at assessing frequency of use, machine type, reasons for utilizing POCUS, initial ultrasound training, confidence in performing/interpreting POCUS, and perceived impact on patient outcomes. Surveys less than 50% complete were excluded. All surveys returned were more than 50% complete and thus included in the study. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the statistical software R version 4.0.

Results
Surveys were sent out to 187 participants with 68 responses (36.4% response rate). The survey results demonstrated a relationship between learning POCUS earlier in one’s medical career (medical school, residency, or fellowship) to increased use in acute settings when compared to learning POCUS during clinical practice. Of the 68 respondents, 65 (95.6%) indicated that they agree or strongly agree that POCUS use improves patient care, and 64 (94.1%) indicated that they agree or strongly agree that the use of POCUS can improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions
Our survey of acute care physicians indicated that most respondents utilize POCUS daily or weekly (90.8%), and this was related to fewer years of practice (under 10 years from medical school graduation, 94.6%). Moreover, POCUS was utilized primarily in acute care settings for procedures (25%, n=17/68 respondents). These survey results indicate that early integration of POCUS education in osteopathic medical school curricula and throughout fellowship training could likely enhance POCUS utilization in acute care settings.
Crosstalk between bone and other organs
Authors: Yuan Wanqiong , Song Chunli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
Crystal structure of dichlorido-tetra((E)-(RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol-κ1
N)zinc(II), C60H68O4N12Cl10Zn
Authors: Li Jie , Yan Biao , Li Hongya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C60H68O4N12Cl10Zn, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.816 (2) Å, b = 13.688 (4) Å, c = 15.169 (4) Å, α = 91.085 (5)°, β = 98.609 (4)°, γ = 106.874 (5)°, V = 1728.2 (8) A3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0615, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1709, T = 296 (2) K.
Detection of encapsulant addition in butterfly-pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract powder using visible–near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis
Authors: Rahmawati Laila , Pahlawan Muhammad Fahri Reza , Hariadi Hari , Masithoh Rudiati Evi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Butterfly-pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract powder is a functional product with numerous benefits obtained by extraction followed by the drying process. During drying, encapsulations can be added to protect the color and antioxidants of the samples. Using visible-near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, this research aimed to detect maltodextrin and soybean protein isolate (SPI) added as encapsulants to butterfly-pea extract powder. Butterfly-pea extract powder were added with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% concentrations of maltodextrin and SPI. Spectral data were acquired using a Vis–NIR fiber optic spectrometer at 350–1,000 nm. The chemometric methods used were principal component analysis (PCA), PCA-discriminant analysis (PCA–DA), partial least square regression (PLSR), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that PCA can discriminate pure and maltodextrin- and SPI-added samples using low principal components. PCA-DA determined the accuracy levels of 88% for maltodextrin and 94.67% for SPIs. The PLSR models predicted the addition of maltodextrin with the following variables: coefficient of determination of calibration (R
c
2), 0.98; coefficient of determination of prediction (R
p
2), 0.98; root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), 2.1%; and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), 4.02%. The values for the addition of SPI were R
c
2 of 0.97, R
p
2 of 0.97, RMSEC of 2.72%, and RMSEP of 2.83%. The PLS-DA models resulted in an accuracy of 98 and 91% for the identification of maltodextrin and SPI, respectively. In conclusion, this research showed the potency of Vis–NIR spectroscopy combined with a proper chemometric analysis to detect additives in butterfly-pea extract powders.