bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled thermo-mechanical numerical model to minimize risk in large-format additive manufacturing of thermoplastic composite designs
Authors: Bhandari Sunil , Lopez-Anido Roberto A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe collapse of deposited thermoplastic composite material under self-weight presents a risk in large-format extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Two critical processing parameters, extrusion temperature and deposition rate, govern whether a deposited layer is stable and bonds properly with the previously deposited layer. Currently, the critical parameters are determined via a trial-and-error approach. This research work uses a simplified physics-based numerical simulation to determine a suitable combination of the parameters that will avoid the collapse of the deposited layer under self-weight. The suitability of the processing parameters is determined based on the maximum plastic viscous strains computed using a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical numerical model. This computational tool can efficiently check if a combination of temperature and extrusion rate causes layer collapse due to self-weight, and hence minimize the manufacturing risk of large-format 3D-printed parts.
What is Unique About Kindness? Exploring the Proximal Experience of Prosocial Acts Relative to Other Positive Behaviors
Authors: Regan Annie , Margolis Seth , Ozer Daniel J. , Schwitzgebel Eric , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious research has identified a robust connection between prosociality and happiness, suggesting that kindness has both hedonic and eudaimonic benefits—in the short term and in the long term. By contrast, our experiment aimed to examine people’s momentary eudaimonic feelings while engaging in kind acts for others. To that end, we randomly assigned participants to one of four positively valenced conditions that varied in their inclusion of potential “active ingredients” of prosocial behavior. Namely, engaging in kind acts for others was compared to engaging in kind acts for oneself (social element removed), extraverted behavior (kindness element removed), and open-minded behavior (both social and kindness elements removed). Participants were assessed five times over 2 weeks, each time reporting on how they felt during their assigned activities. Multilevel models revealed that relative to all other conditions, participants assigned to do kind acts for others reported a greater sense of competence, self-confidence, and meaning while engaging in those acts across the intervention period. Engaging in acts of kindness for others also led to stronger feelings of connection relative to engaging in open-minded behavior or acts of kindness for oneself but did not differ from engaging in extraverted behavior. These results illuminate the experience of positive eudaimonic feelings while one commits kind acts for others and highlight the unique benefits of prosociality compared to other positive behaviors.
Composite Nanoarchitectonics of LaNi0.95Fe0.05O3/Muscovite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zeng Li , Peng Tongjiang , Sun Hongjuan , Zhang Xiyue , Yang Jingjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPowder-type semiconductor photocatalysts are widely applicable but their defects (e.g. easy agglomeration during preparation and recyclability in the suspension system) limit their practical application. In the current study, perovskite oxide photocatalytic material was loaded onto a muscovite substrate to overcome the problems of low stability, easy agglomeration, and difficult recovery. A photocatalytically active LaNi0.95Fe0.05O3/muscovite composite material was synthesized by a sol-gel impregnation method. Phase composition, morphology, and interfacial interaction of the composites, denoted as LNFBY-x (x: mass ratio of LNF to muscovite), were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other analytical methods. According to the results, the particle size of LNF nanoparticles was regulated effectively by compounding with muscovite, and the agglomeration of LNF decreased. LNF nanoparticles were distributed evenly and attached in dense fashion to the surface of muscovite, thereby increasing the contact area with the reaction medium. The nanoparticles were connected to the silicon-oxygen tetrahedral sheet of the muscovite via Si–O–La, Si–O–Ni, and Si–O–Fe bonds, which increased the bonding strength between the composite components and expedited the transfer of photogenerated charge. More highly active oxygen species were produced, and a growing number of chemically active moieties (٠O2- and ٠OH) was generated in the photocatalytic reaction. LNFBY-1.00 demonstrated the best photocatalytic activity. A degradation rate of methyl orange of 99.03% was achieved after visible-light irradiation for 120 min, which decreased to 75.75% after five repeated uses, thereby indicating high stability and recycling ability. The photocatalytic LaNi0.95Fe0.05O3/muscovite composite material exhibited potential for application in environmental remediation practices.
The potential action of SSRIs in the treatment of skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and slow-healing wounds
Authors: Kiecka Aneta , Szczepanik Marian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat affective and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants have also been shown to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, which may affect the microbiota-intestinal-brain axis. Studies show that SSRIs have antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro and influence bacteria by inhibiting biofilm, affecting efflux pumps, among others. A huge challenge today is the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and slow-healing wounds. Skin diseases including AD and non-healing wounds are serious medical problem. People suffering from these conditions feel constant discomfort, which also affects their psychological state. Research on new treatments for AD and slow-healing wounds is essential because current medications are not fully effective and have many side effects. Exploring new drug groups for AD and slow-healing wounds will allow for the creation of an alternative treatment for these diseases. SSRIs represent a hope for the treatment of skin diseases due to their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties.
Can we trust measures of trust? Measurement invariance in trust in EU news media
Authors: Sapir Eliyahu V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrust in the news media received wide scholarly attention for almost a century, which was further boosted as a result of recent developments in the media landscape and changes in how news is made and consumed. Despite that, the conceptualization of trust in the news media is still debated, and its measurement comparability has not yet been established. In this paper, I build up on earlier conceptualizations of trust in the news media, and test three theoretically derived measurement models to determine their cross-cultural equivalence in 28 EU countries. Using Eurobarometer data, I test the validity and comparability of these measurements employing multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The findings indicate that trust is a unidimensional latent construct, equally interpreted across contexts. People's level of trust in the news media reflects their general attitude to the news stories and reporters in all sources of media they are exposed to. While bifactorial measurements of news media trust, differentiating between legacy and online sources, have some merit in single case-studies, they are non-invariant and therefore non comparable. This means that any cross-population differences found employing them are likely a function of measurement idiosyncrasies or other unknown factors.
An integrated cognitive framework for understanding modern cities
Authors: Guo Renzhong , Hong Wuyang , He Biao , Wang Weixi , Li Xiaoming , Li Minmin , Jiang Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern urban development urgently requires a new management concept and operational mechanism to encourage the exploration of frameworks for cognizing and studying urban characteristics. In the present study, modern cities are first understood from the perspective of their basic theoretical evolution. Each modern city is seen as a complex system of organic life forms. Urban information science propels modern urban research in the direction of rationality. This paper also presents the new characteristics of modern cities (and how they have changed) in relation to external structure and internal functions. It examines the generation of urban problems and governance adaptability. On this basis, this paper proposes a cognitive model for studying modern cities, integrating basic theoretical, methodological support, and governance systems. It discusses the basic rationale and core idea for constructing each of these three systems. The research aims to guide and implement modern urban construction and sustainable development in a more effective way.
Conquer primal fear: Phonological features are innate and substance-free
Authors: Reiss Charles , Volenec Veno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe argue that the representational primes of the human phonological faculty, the so-called distinctive features, are innate and substance-free. Our arguments for the innateness of features are built on traditional and novel logical arguments, experimental evidence accumulating over recent decades, and somewhat detailed proposals about their neurobiological reality. As symbols in the brain, features are substance-free, that is, they are devoid of articulatory and acoustic content, or even any direct reference to such phenomena. This is consistent with our substance-free conception of phonological computation, an approach that eschews functionalist notions like markedness, ease of articulation, and so on. We also outline a neural model of the phonetics-phonology interface called Cognitive Phonetics, which transduces innate features to speech articulation and from speech acoustics. These extra-grammatical transduction procedures are also part of the human biological endowment, which leaves no room for language-specific phonetics in our theory of the externalization of language. We show how Cognitive Phonetics can account for traditionally recognized intersegmental coarticulation, as well as the previously unexplored intrasegmental coarticulation, strongly suggesting that the basic units of speech production are transduced features.
A systemwide approach to validation of electronic device denominator data
Authors: Metzger Kristen E. , Salim Asra A. , Mikolajczak Anessa R. , Dolgin Gina , Barajas Grace M. , Jenkins Charles R. , Silkaitis Christina M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA multidisciplinary team collaborated to develop and validate a process to electronically capture patient and device denominator data at 6 hospitals in the same healthcare system. Validation was completed within 4–16 months. Manual count errors were identified as the main driver of electronic versus manual discrepancies.
Assessing food-based strategies to address anaemia in pregnancy in rural plains Nepal: a mixed methods study
Authors: Morrison Joanna , Giri Romi , James Philip , Arjyal Abriti , Kharel Chandani , Saville Naomi , Baral Sushil , Hillman Sara , Harris-Fry Helen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnaemia in pregnancy is a persistent health problem in Nepal and could be reduced through nutrition counselling and strengthened iron folic acid supplementation programmes. We analysed 24-hour diet recall data from 846 pregnant women in rural plains Nepal, using linear programming to identify the potential for optimised food-based strategies to increase iron adequacy. We then conducted qualitative research to analyse how anaemia was defined and recognised, how families used food-based strategies to address anaemia, and the acceptability of optimised food-based strategies. We did 16 interviews of recently pregnant mothers, three focus group discussions with fathers, three focus group discussions with mothers-in-law and four interviews with key informants. Dietary analyses showed optimised diets did not achieve 100 % of recommended iron intakes, but iron intakes could be doubled by increasing intakes of green leaves, egg and meat. Families sought to address anaemia through food-based strategies but were often unable to because of the perceived expense of providing an ‘energy-giving’ diet. Some foods were avoided because of religious or cultural taboos, or because they were low status and could evoke social consequences if eaten. There is a need for counselling to offer affordable ways for families to optimise iron adequacy. The participation of communities in tailoring advice to ensure cultural relevance and alignment with local norms is necessary to enable its effectiveness.
Estimated polyphenol intake and major food sources of the Brazilian population: changes between 2008–2009 and 2017–2018
Authors: Carnauba Renata A. , Sarti Flavia M. , Hassimotto Neuza M. A. , Lajolo Franco M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessing the dietary intake of polyphenols and their major food sources is the first step towards documenting the associations with health outcomes. Considering recent changes in dietary patterns of the Brazilian population, continuous monitoring of polyphenol intake is important. Thus, the present study was conducted to estimate the polyphenol intake and major food sources in the diet of the Brazilian population using data from the most recent National Dietary Survey (NDS, 2017–2018), to characterise the intake changes according to demographic characteristics and to compare the intake over the past decade in Brazil. Data from two cross-sectional population-based surveys were analyzed in the study. Trends in polyphenol intake and major food sources were estimated using food consumption data from NDS 2008–2009 (n 34 003) and 2017–2018 (n 46 164). The median (25–75th percentiles) of energy-adjusted polyphenol intake in 2017–2018 was 216·3 mg (125·3–495·2 mg) per 1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), representing an increase of 12·3 mg/d from 2008–2009. However, unadjusted polyphenol intakes were similar between the surveys (medians: 364·3 mg/d in 2008–2009 and 366·9 mg/d in 2017–2018). The main food sources of total and polyphenol intake classes presented some variations between 2008–2009 and 2017–2018, with greater contribution of beans preparations, salads and tea to polyphenol intake, and decrease of orange contribution. Our study provided an updated information on polyphenol intake and its major food sources. The median intake remains lower than the reported by other populations. Furthermore, the results may contribute to future studies investigating temporal trends in polyphenol intake and disease risk.
A correspondence between inverse subsemigroups, open wide subgroupoids and cartan intermediate C*-subalgebras
Authors: Komura Fuyuta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a given inverse semigroup action on a topological space, one can associate an étale groupoid. We prove that there exists a correspondence between the certain subsemigroups and the open wide subgroupoids in case that the action is strongly tight. Combining with the recent result of Brown et al., we obtain a correspondence between the certain subsemigroups of an inverse semigroup and the Cartan intermediate subalgebras of a groupoid C*-algebra.
DNA in nanochannels: theory and applications
Authors: Frykholm Karolin , Müller Vilhelm , KK Sriram , Dorfman Kevin D. , Westerlund Fredrik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nanofluidic structures have over the last two decades emerged as a powerful platform for detailed analysis of DNA on the kilobase pair length scale. When DNA is confined to a nanochannel, the combination of excluded volume and DNA stiffness leads to the DNA being stretched to near its full contour length. Importantly, this stretching takes place at equilibrium, without any chemical modifications to the DNA. As a result, any DNA can be analyzed, such as DNA extracted from cells or circular DNA, and it is straight-forward to study reactions on the ends of linear DNA. In this comprehensive review, we first give a thorough description of the current understanding of the polymer physics of DNA and how that leads to stretching in nanochannels. We then describe how the versatility of nanofabrication can be used to design devices specifically tailored for the problem at hand, either by controlling the degree of confinement or enabling facile exchange of reagents to measure DNA–protein reaction kinetics. The remainder of the review focuses on two important applications of confining DNA in nanochannels. The first is optical DNA mapping, which provides the genomic sequence of intact DNA molecules in excess of 100 kilobase pairs in size, with kilobase pair resolution, through labeling strategies that are suitable for fluorescence microscopy. In this section, we highlight solutions to the technical aspects of genomic mapping, including the use of enzyme-based labeling and affinity-based labeling to produce the genomic maps, rather than recent applications in human genetics. The second is DNA–protein interactions, and several recent examples of such studies on DNA compaction, filamentous protein complexes, and reactions with DNA ends are presented. Taken together, these two applications demonstrate the power of DNA confinement and nanofluidics in genomics, molecular biology, and biophysics.
Learning words with unfamiliar orthography: The role of cognitive abilities
Authors: Bisson Marie-Josée 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch suggests new foreign language (FL) words are learned more easily if their phonology follows the phonotactic rules of the native language. Very little is known, however, about the impact of orthography on FL learning. This study investigated the cognitive mechanisms supporting the learning of words with familiar and unfamiliar orthographies. Participants took part in learning and meaning recall tasks, as well as a series of cognitive tasks (short-term and working memory tasks and tasks assessing their phonological and acoustic abilities). Orthographic and phonological familiarity judgments were collected using another sample of participants. Using a mixed-effects model, the results showed that orthographic familiarity impacted FL word learning even after controlling for phonological familiarity. However, there were no interactions with cognitive abilities.
We Must Always Pursue Economic Growth
Authors: Kogelmann Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhy pursue economic growth? For poor countries this is an easy question to answer, but it is more difficult for rich ones. Some of the world's greatest philosophers and economists – such as John Stuart Mill, John Maynard Keynes, and John Rawls – thought that, once a certain material standard of well-being has been achieved, economic growth should stop. I argue the opposite in this article. We always have reason to pursue economic growth. My argument is indirect. I shall not argue that economic growthitselfis always better. Rather, I shall argue thatstoppinggrowth requires morally objectionable actions. Economic growth tends to occur naturally if certain underlying conditions are in place. We have moral reasons to insist on these conditions independent their effect on growth, however. Halting growth requires that we alter these conditions, but we ought not do this.
Microbial Contamination of Groundwater Self‐Supply in Urban Indonesia: Assessment of Sanitary and Socio‐Economic Risk Factors
Authors: Genter F. , Putri G. L. , Pratama M. A. , Priadi C. , Willetts J. , Foster T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn urban Indonesia, more than 40 million people rely on groundwater self‐supply, but the extent to which self‐supply delivers safe water and the associated risk factors for fecal contamination remain unclear. This study quantifiedEscherichia coli(E.coli) for 511 self‐supply sources and at point‐of‐use for 173 households in the Indonesian cities of Bekasi and Metro. A structured questionnaire collected information about the household, water sources, and potential contamination sources. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examined risk factors for fecal contamination.E.coliwas detected in 66% of sources, including 55% of boreholes, 64% of protected dug wells, and 82% of unprotected dug wells. Widespread boiling of water meant microbial quality improved significantly between source and point‐of‐use, withE.colidetected in 30% of self‐supply samples at point‐of‐use. Unprotected dug wells were significantly more likely to be contaminated than boreholes. In Bekasi, the analysis found a significant association between presence ofE.coliand sanitation systems located within 10 m of the groundwater source. In Metro, poorer households had significantly higher odds of contamination than wealthier households. Other significant factors included shallower borehole depths in Bekasi, use of a rope and bucket, and absence of a concrete platform in Metro. In Bekasi,E.coliconcentration at source was significantly associated with water quality at point‐of‐use. Risk of fecal contamination could be reduced by supporting households to invest in improved protection, and by facilitating promotion for safe household water treatment. Support for self‐supply improvements should be weighed against the expansion and improvement of piped water services.
Industrial Particulate Pollution and Historical Land Use Contribute Metals of Concern to Dust Deposited in Neighborhoods Along the Wasatch Front, UT, USA
Authors: Putman Annie L. , Jones Daniel K. , Blakowski Molly A. , DiViesti Destry , Hynek Scott A. , Fernandez Diego P. , Mendoza Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Salt Lake Valley, UT, USA, is proximal to the desiccating Great Salt Lake (GSL). Prior work has found that this lakebed/playa contributes metals‐laden dust to snow in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. Dust and industrial particulate pollution are also delivered to communities along the Wasatch Front, but their sources, compositions, and fluxes are poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed the dust deposited in 18 passive samplers positioned near the GSL, in cities in and near the Salt Lake Valley for total dust flux, the <63 µm dust fraction, 87Sr/86Sr, and trace element geochemistry. We compared spatial patterns in metal flux and abundance with community‐level socioeconomic metrics. We observed the highest dust fluxes at sites near the GSL playa. Within the urban corridor, 87Sr/86Sr and trace element relative abundances suggest that most of the dust to which people are regularly exposed may be fugitive dust from local soil materials. The trace metal content of dust deposited along the Wasatch Front exceeded Environmental Protection Agency screening levels and exhibited enrichment relative to both the upper continental crust and the dust collected adjacent to GSL. Sources of metals to dust deposited along the Wasatch Front may include industrial activities like mining, oil refining, as well as past historical pesticide and herbicide applications. Arsenic and vanadium indicated a statistically significant positive correlation with income, whereas lead, thallium, and nickel exhibited higher concentrations in the least wealthy and least white neighborhoods.