bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory‐motor mapping training: Testing an intonation‐based spoken language treatment for minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chenausky Karen V. , Norton Andrea C. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen , Schlaug Gottfried 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe tested an intonation‐based speech treatment for minimally verbal children with autism (auditory‐motor mapping training, AMMT) against a nonintonation–based control treatment (speech repetition therapy, SRT). AMMT involves singing, rather than speaking, two‐syllable words or phrases. In time with each sung syllable, therapist and child tap together on electronic drums tuned to the same pitches, thus coactivating shared auditory and motor neural representations of manual and vocal actions, and mimicking the “babbling and banging” stage of typical development. Fourteen children (three females), aged 5.0–10.8, with a mean Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐2 score of 22.9 (SD = 2.5) and a mean Kaufman Speech Praxis Test raw score of 12.9 (SD = 13.0) participated in this trial. The main outcome measure was percent syllables approximately correct. Four weeks post‐treatment, AMMT resulted in a mean improvement of +12.1 (SE = 3.8) percentage points, compared to +2.8 (SE = 5.7) percentage points for SRT. This between‐group difference was associated with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.82). Results suggest that simultaneous intonation and bimanual movements presented in a socially engaging milieu are effective factors in AMMT and can create an individualized, interactive music‐making environment for spoken‐language learning in minimally verbal children with autism.
Impact of self‐service technology in designing a service delivery system
Authors: Wang Jie , Ma Lijun , Xue Weili , Kuo Yong‐Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelf‐service technologies (SSTs) have been widely adopted in industries that require the delivery of physical products by services, in which consumers evaluate a product for both the product value and the service value. A typical service delivery system usually involves sales agents and/or self‐service technologies, for example, online services and kiosks, to serve consumers by a coproduction process. In other words, both the sales agent (or self‐service machine) and the consumer should exert effort, with corresponding service costs. By modeling the coproduction output with a Cobb–Douglas production function, we establish a principal–agent model to study the value of self‐service technologies in designing a service delivery system wherein the sales agent's service cost is private information. We first characterize the main trade‐off between the sales agent and the self‐service machine when the firm provides only one service channel. Then, we analyze the value of the self‐service machine when the firm can provide both service channels. We find that, interestingly, the firm may possibly provide both service channels, that is, services offered by the sales agent and the self‐service machine, when the level of information uncertainty is high, and the self‐service machine's service cost is intermediate. Moreover, when both service channels are offered, only the efficient sales agent will be contracted, and the inefficient sales agents are screened out of the market by the self‐service machine; that is, the self‐service machine can help the firm eliminate the information rent. We also investigate how the firm's service weight in the coproduction process and information uncertainty influence the consumer surplus, firm's choices, contract parameters, and resulting profits. Our results are shown to be robust when our model is extended to consider a single‐contract strategy, contracting on effort, a continuous sales agent type, and a general coproduction function.
How do civil society organizations communicate in an authoritarian setting? A narrative analysis of the Russian waste management debate
Authors: Schlaufer Caroline , Pilkina Marina , Chalaya Tatiana , Khaynatskaya Tatiana , Voronova Tatiana , Pozhivotko Aleksandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCivil society organizations (CSOs) aim to influence public policy. One way of influencing policy is through communication. In authoritarian contexts, CSOs face restrictions that make criticism of governmental actors less likely. However, to achieve change, CSOs need to highlight public problems that are often created by the inaction of governmental actors. This research examines the communicative strategies of CSOs involved in waste management in Russia. By drawing on the Narrative Policy Framework, it examines narratives used by CSOs on social media. Interviews with these CSO provide explanations of why CSOs select specific narrative strategies. We argue that the narrative strategies of CSOs are determined by their objectives of communication related to the activities they are involved in but are also influenced by their working relationship with the government. Results show that CSOs that are involved in educational activities and service provision mostly pursue an angel‐shift‐strategy, highlighting policy solutions. Only larger CSOs communicate critically and continue to attempt working with governmental actors to influence policy through awareness‐raising and policy advocacy.
Evaluation of conjunctival graft procedures and factors that lead to graft complications in canine cases
Authors: Osinchuk Stephanie C. , Levitt Shayna , Sandmeyer Lynne Sheila , Parker Sarah E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the complications of conjunctival graft surgery occurring in cases at a referral ophthalmic service and evaluate factors that lead to occurrence of complications in canine cases.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was completed using data from the Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada, between May 2015 and March 2020. Case records from dogs that underwent conjunctival pedicle graft surgery and subsequently either did or did not develop a conjunctival graft complication were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and six dogs undergoing conjunctival graft surgeries were identified. Sixteen conjunctival graft complications occurred, of which, eight led to negative outcomes. Univariable analysis comparing canine eyes that developed complications to control eyes revealed potential (p ≤ .05) differences between the groups in post‐operative fluoroquinolone use,Streptococcus canisisolation, intraoperative intravenous cefazolin use, corneal stromal white cell infiltrate, and mean ulcer diameter. The use of intraoperative cefazolin could not be effectively evaluated with available data; however, no dogs (n = 22) receiving intraoperative cefazolin developed complications. Multivariable analysis revealed that dogs that were treated with a second‐generation fluoroquinolone and that hadS. canisisolated had higher odds of experiencing complications than dogs that were not treated with a second‐generation fluoroquinolone and that wereS. canisnegative (Odds ratio = 64.7 [95% CI 6.3–669],p < .0001).ConclusionsStreptococcusspecies played a role in conjunctival graft complications in our study. Empiric selection of second‐generation fluoroquinolone monotherapy may need reconsideration given the frequent isolation ofStreptococcusspp. from canine ulcers. The use of intraoperative cefazolin may be associated with a lower complication rate.
A Robust Time-Varying Riccati-Based Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Azimi Vahid , Farzan Siavash , Hutchinson Seth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Riccati equation-based control approaches such as linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) and time-varying LQR (TVLQR) are among the most common methods for stabilizing linear and nonlinear systems, especially in the context of optimal control. However, model inaccuracies may degrade the performance of closed-loop systems under such controllers. To mitigate this issue, this paper extends and encompasses Riccati-equation based controllers through the development of a robust stabilizing control methodology for uncertain nonlinear systems with modeling errors. We begin by linearizing the nonlinear system around a nominal trajectory to obtain a time-varying linear system with uncertainty in the system matrix. We propose a modified version of the continuous differential Riccati equation (MCDRE), whose solution is updated based upon the estimates of model uncertainty. An optimal least squares (OLS) algorithm is presented to identify this uncertainty and inform the MCDRE to update the control gains. The unification of MCDRE and OLS yields a robust time-varying Riccati-based (RTVR) controller that stabilizes uncertain nonlinear systems without the knowledge of the structure of the system's uncertainty a priori. The convergence of the system states is formally proven using a Lyapunov argument. Simulations and comparisons to the baseline backward-in-time Riccati-based controller on two real-world examples verify the benefits of our proposed control method.
Verification of Programs Sensitive to Heap Layout
Authors: Lauko Henrich , Korenčik Lukáš , Ročkai Petr 
Published: June 2022

Most
C
and
C++
programs use dynamically allocated memory (often known as a heap) to store and organize their data. In practice, it can be useful to compare addresses of different heap objects, for instance, to store them in a binary search tree or a sorted array. However, comparisons of pointers to distinct objects are inherently ambiguous: The address order of two objects can be reversed in different executions of the same program, due to the nature of the allocation algorithm and other external factors.

This poses a significant challenge to program verification, since a sound verifier must consider all possible behaviors of a program, including an arbitrary reordering of the heap. A naive verification of all possibilities, of course, leads to a combinatorial explosion of the state space: For this reason, we propose an under-approximating abstract domain that can be soundly refined to consider all relevant heap orderings.

We have implemented the proposed abstract domain and evaluated it against several existing software verification tools on a collection of pointer-manipulating programs. In many cases, existing tools only consider a single fixed heap order, which is a source of unsoundness. We demonstrate that using our abstract domain, this unsoundness can be repaired at only a very modest performance cost. Additionally, we show that, even though many verifiers ignore it, ambiguous behavior is present in a considerable fraction of programs from software verification competition (
sv-comp
).
Regulatory Programs of B-cell Activation and Germinal Center Reaction Allow B-ALL Escape from CD19 CAR T-cell Therapy
Authors: Im Nam Gyu , Guillaumet-Adkins Amy , Wal Megha , Rogers Anna J. , Frede Julia , Havig Claire C. , Yang Jing , Anand Praveen , Stegmann Sarah K. , Waldschmidt Johannes M. , Sotudeh Noori , Niu Leili , Voisine Jordan , Schweiger Michal R. , Grassberger Clemens , Lohr Jens G. , Knoechel Birgit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has led to tremendous successes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, a large fraction of treated patients relapse, often with disease expressing reduced levels of the target antigen. Here, we report that exposing CD19+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells to CD19 CAR T cells reduced CD19 expression within hours. Initially, CD19 CAR T cells caused clustering of CD19 at the T cell–leukemia cell interface followed by CD19 internalization and decreased CD19 surface expression on the B-ALL cells. CD19 expression was then repressed by transcriptional rewiring. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, we demonstrated that a subset of refractory CD19low cells sustained decreased CD19 expression through transcriptional programs of physiologic B-cell activation and germinal center reaction. Inhibiting B-cell activation programs with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib increased the cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR T cells without affecting CAR T-cell viability. These results demonstrate transcriptional plasticity as an underlying mechanism of escape from CAR T cells and highlight the importance of combining CAR T-cell therapy with targeted therapies that aim to overcome this plasticity.
See related Spotlight by Zhao and Melenhorst, p. 1040
Two Approaches of the Spring North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Affecting the Following July Precipitation over Central China: The Tropical and Extratropical Pathways
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Gen , Lu Bo , Li Yanping , Gao Chujie , Long Shang-Min , Li Xinyu , Wang Ziqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The spring tripole sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in North Atlantic are an outstanding regional mode of interannual variability. Based on the observed and reanalyzed datasets during 1979–2019, this study reveals the relationship and linking mechanism between the spring tripole North Atlantic SST anomalies and the central China July precipitation (CCJP). Results show that the tripole SST anomalies, especially the warm SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) and the subpolar North Atlantic (SNA), often cause surplus CCJP through the tropical and extratropical pathways. On the one hand, the spring TNA SST warming induces a pan-tropical climate response with the cooling in the central equatorial Pacific and the warming in the Indo-western Pacific until the following July through a series of air–sea interactions, helping maintain an anomalous anticyclone over the northwest Pacific and transport more warm humid flows to central China. On the other hand, the spring TNA and SNA SST warming persist into the following July and then emanate a wave train extending from the SNA throughout the Eurasian continent to East Asia, which induces an anomalous anticyclone over North China with its southeast flank transporting more cold air to central China. The warm humid flows from the south against the cold air from the north are conductive to the local ascending motion, favoring the increased CCJP. Our results highlight both the tropical and extratropical teleconnection pathways of the North Atlantic SST anomalies affecting the CCJP. This suggests an important seasonal predictor of the regional climate.

Significance Statement
July is the peak rainy month of central China, with heavy precipitation occurring frequently and often causing serious impacts on the local production and livelihood of millions of people. This study finds that the spring tripole sea surface temperature anomalies in North Atlantic induced by the North Atlantic Oscillation can exert significant impacts on the following July precipitation over central China through both the tropical and extratropical pathways. This improves our understanding of the causes of the surplus July precipitation over central China and has important implications for the seasonal predictability of the regional climate.
Improved thermal conductivity of epoxy composites via linked boron nitride nanosheets with in-situ generated silver nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Liyi , Zheng Minmin , Ge Fan , Ma Hui , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2022

Thermal management plays an important role in electrical and electronic systems. Owing to both excellent thermal conduction and electrical insulation, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are particularly attractive as fillers in polymer composites. While the thermal properties rely on the connection of BNNSs in polymer matrices significantly. Herein, BNNSs absorbed with silver acetate and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (Ag (2E4MI)2Ac) complex were prepared as thermal conductive fillers for epoxy resin. During the cure of matrix, nano silver ions were in-situ reduced, sintered and bridged individual BNNSs together. Therefore, thermal contact resistance between BNNSs decreased and thermal conducting networks were effectively constructed. The thermal conductivity increased from 1.26 W/mK for the composites only with BNNSs to 2.35 W/mK for the composites with BNNS/[Ag (2E4MI)2Ac] hybrids at 20 vol% BNNSs content. Fitting the measured thermal conductivity results indicated that the thermal contact resistance between fillers decreased with the connections by sintered silver. In addition, the electrically insulating properties of the composites were well preserved and the tensile strength of the composites containing sintered silver interconnects was obviously improved.
Alpha-chloralose poisoning in cats: clinical findings in 25 confirmed and 78 suspected cases
Authors: Tegner Cecilia , Lundgren Sandra , Dreimanis Kristoffer , Åberg Annica Tevell , Windahl Ulrika 
Published: June 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the clinical picture in cats with alpha-chloralose (AC) intoxication and to confirm AC in serum from suspected cases of AC poisoning. Methods Suspected cases of AC poisoning were identified in patient records from a small animal university hospital from January 2014 to February 2020. Clinical signs of intoxication described in respective records were compiled, the cats were graded into four intoxication severity scores and hospitalisation time and mortality were recorded. Surplus serum from select cases in late 2019 and early 2020 was analysed to detect AC with a quantitative ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and the AC concentration was compared with the respective cat’s intoxication severity score. Results Serum from 25 cats was available for analysis and AC poisoning was confirmed in all. Additionally, 78 cats with a clinical suspicion of AC intoxication were identified in the patient records, most of which presented from September to April. The most common signs of intoxication were ataxia, tremors, cranial nerve deficits and hyperaesthesia. The prevalence of clinical signs and intoxication severity differed from what has previously been reported, with our population presenting with less severe signs and no deaths due to intoxication. The majority had a hospitalisation time <48 h, irrespective of intoxication severity score. Conclusions and relevance This study describes the clinical signs and prognosis in feline AC intoxication. There were no mortalities in confirmed cases, indicating that AC-poisoned cats have an excellent prognosis when treated in a timely manner. Recognition of AC intoxication as a differential diagnosis for acute onset of the described neurological signs in areas where AC exposure is possible may influence clinical decision-making and help avoid excessive diagnostic procedures. A severe clinical picture upon presentation could be misinterpreted as a grave prognosis and awareness about AC poisoning may avoid unnecessary euthanasia.
Rest-Activity Rhythm Fragmentation and Weaker Circadian Strength Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Yang Pei-Lin , Chaytor Naomi S. , Burr Robert L. , Kapur Vishesh K. , McCurry Susan M. , Vitiello Michael V. , Hough Catherine L. , Parsons Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF) experience long-term cognitive impairment and circadian rhythm disturbance after hospital discharge. Although prior studies in aging and neurodegenerative diseases indicate actigraphy-estimated rest-activity circadian rhythm disturbances are risk factors for cognitive impairment, it is unclear if this applies to ARF survivors. This study explored the relationships of actigraphy-estimated rest-activity circadian rhythms with cognitive functioning in ARF survivors at 3 months after discharge. Methods: 13 ARF survivors (mean age 51 years and 69% males) completed actigraphy and sleep diaries for 9 days, followed by at-home neuropsychological assessment. Principal component factor analysis created global cognition and circadian rhythm variables, and these first components were used to examine the global relationships between circadian rhythm and cognitive measure scores. Results: Global circadian function was associated with global cognition function in ARF survivors ( r = .70, p = .024) after adjusting for age, education, and premorbid cognition. Also, greater fragmented rest-activity circadian rhythm (estimated by intradaily variability, r = .85, p = .002), and weaker circadian strength (estimated by amplitude, r = .66, p = .039; relative strength, r = .70, p = .024; 24-h lag serial autocorrelation, r = .67, p = .035), were associated with global cognition and individual cognitive tests. Conclusions: These results suggest circadian rhythm disturbance is associated with poorer global cognition in ARF survivors. Future prospective research with larger samples is needed to confirm these results and increase understanding of the relationship between disrupted circadian rhythms and cognitive impairment among ARF survivors.
Impact of Modified Geriatric Trauma Activation Criteria on patient outcomes at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Alouidor Reginald , Siu Margaret , Roh Sandy , Perez Coulter Aixa M. , Kamine Tovy H. , Kramer Kristina Z. , Winston Eleanor S. , Ryb Gabriel , Putnam Adin T. , Kelly Edward 
Published: June 2022

Background The American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program recommends a lower threshold for trauma activation on geriatric patients. We implemented the Modified Geriatric Trauma Activation Criteria (MGTAC) and assessed the clinical impact on geriatric trauma patients. Methods Geriatric trauma patients aged 65 years and over presenting between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2020 were identified through the Trauma Registry. MGTAC were implemented on 3/1/2017, where patients aged 65 and above were rendered as Highest Level activations when presenting with no prior work-up. Those presenting from 1/1/2014 to 2/28/2017 were grouped as Standard Activation Criteria (SAC), and those presenting between 3/1/2017 and 12/31/2020 were grouped as MGTAC. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, level of activation, operative intervention, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, survival, and undertriage rates were reviewed. Chi square, ANOVA, and unpaired t-test were used for analysis to compare SAC and MGTAC patient outcomes. Results 2582 patients were identified: 1293 (50.1%) in SAC and 1289 (49.9%) in MGTAC. Highest Level trauma activations for SAC vs. MGTAC were 9.3% vs. 30.4%, p < .01. Between SAC and MGTAC, ICU admission was 24.1% vs. 16.5%, p<0.01; operative intervention was 10.3% vs. 12.9%, p = .04; undertriage rates were 6.1% vs. 3.8%, p = .01; and average length of stay was 7 days for SAC vs. 6.4 days for MGTAC, p = .54. Overall mortality was 9% for SAC and 9.5% for MGTAC, p = .66. Conclusion Implementation of MGTAC did not improve geriatric trauma patient mortality. However, it decreased ICU admission and undertriage, and increased operative intervention during the first 24 hours.