bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19, economic threat and identity status: Stability and change in prejudice against Chinese people within the Canadian population
Authors: Ferrante Victoria Maria , Lacourse Éric , Dorfman Anna , Pelletier-Dumas Mathieu , Lina Jean-Marc , Stolle Dietlind , de la Sablonnière Roxane 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesPrevious studies found a general increase in prejudice against Chinese people during the first months of the pandemic. The present study aims to consider inter-individual heterogeneity in stability and change regarding prejudice involving Chinese people during the pandemic. The first objective is to identify and describe different trajectories of prejudice over a seven-month period during the pandemic. The second and third objectives are to test the association between trajectory group membership and antecedent variables such as: socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, gender, political affiliation) and two psychological mechanisms, namely economic threat and global citizenship identification.MethodsA representative Canadian sample (N = 3,617) according to age, gender and province of residence, was recruited for a 10-wave survey starting from April 2020 to December 2020. First, a group-based modeling approach was used to identify trajectories of prejudice. Second, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to test associations between membership in trajectories and antecedents.ResultsFour trajectories were identified. The first three trajectories have a low (71.4% of the sample), high (18.5%) or very high (5.3%) level of prejudiceagainstChinese people which is relatively stable over time. The fourth trajectory (4.9%) reports low levels of prejudicein favorof Chinese people which become more positive throughout 2020. Regarding socio-demographic factors: gender is not associated with trajectory group membership, younger people are more likely to follow the trajectory in favor of Chinese people and conservatives are more likely to follow the highest trajectories against Chinese people. Regarding some psychological mechanisms: personal but not collective economic threat is associated with the trajectory in favor of Chinese people. Finally, the highest levels of prejudice are found when the strategy of identification is more local rather than global.ConclusionThe present study shows that Canadians differ in terms of both their level and change in prejudice against Chinese people throughout the pandemic with some socio-demographic groups being more likely than others to be associated with prejudice. The results also suggest that a promising way to tackle the major social issue of prejudice is to highlight a vision of the world where individuals are all “global citizens” facing the same challenge.
Time perspective and family history of alcohol dependence moderate the effect of depression on alcohol dependence: A study in Chinese psychiatric clinics
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zhu Yichen , Shi Jie , Huang Xiaoyu , Zhu Xiaoying 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDepression and alcohol dependence (AD) are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that commonly co-occur. Therefore, gaining a better grasp of factors related to this comorbidity is particularly interesting for clinicians. Past research has highlighted the significant role that time perspective and family history of alcohol dependence (FH) play in the occurrence of depression and AD. However, much remains unexplored in the understanding of the association between them. This study explored how temporal profile and other sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AD impact the severity of depression and AD in them.MethodsThis study was multi-centered, including 381 patients. Cross-sectional information was collected from both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics in China. Data were acquired using validated self-report scales, including Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-Chinese version. Multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted to control social demographic variables and construct prediction models to inspect the influence factors of variables. Moderation models were constructed to inspect further interplay between variables using hierarchical regression and PROCESS Macro.ResultsResults showed that of all the patients in Chinese psychiatry clinics diagnosed with AD according to the International Classification of Diseases-10, 59.9% met the criteria of depression according to the questionnaire, and time perspective was correlated with the severity of depression. Furthermore, using regression analysis, we found that time perspective and depression could predict AD severity. The moderating role of a past negative time perspective and FH was confirmed between depression and AD. We found that, in our study, only in patients with FH and relatively moderate to high scores of past negative time perspective could the severity of depression predict the severity of AD. Therefore, during the treatment and care of patients with AD, their depression level, time perspective score, and FH should be considered.
What does current science tell us about the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of intoxicated witnesses? A case example of the murder of a prime minister
Authors: Hildebrand Karlén Malin , de Bejczy Andrea , Anckarsäter Henrik , Guðjónsson Gísli 
Published: October 2022

Generally, the testimony of intoxicated witnesses has been considered relatively unreliable, but recent research has nuanced the knowledge base regarding these vulnerable witnesses.PurposeTo demonstrate the application of recent research findings regarding intoxicated witnesses to the statements made by a key witness to the murder of Olof Palme, Sweden's prime minister, in 1986. An additional purpose was to illustrate the use of a nuanced calculation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for researchers.MethodsThe Palme murder has been debated since the crime was committed and no one has yet been sentenced. One of the witnesses was intoxicated and to estimate a range for his BAC at the time, a comprehensive BAC calculation was conducted in this study to illustrate important factors to consider in these types of cases.ResultsThrough the demonstration of the use of a nuanced BAC formula and by applying recent research results from studies on intoxicated witnesses, it was estimated that the possible BAC of the witness in the Palme-case at the time of the witnessed crime ranged between BAC = 0 to BAC = 0.13, depending on the type of alcoholic beverage consumed and whether the witness was a social or heavy drinker. This puts the witness either well within the span of maintained completeness as well as maintained accuracy rate (if considering: lowest dose and heavy drinker), or slightly exceeding this span into the BAC-range of reduced completeness but maintained accuracy rate (if considering: highest dose and social drinker). He was questioned immediately, and thereafter repeatedly, and he reported similar information throughout the interviews, which is in line with previous results on information maintenance over repeated interviews among intoxicated witnesses.ConclusionThe current case example shows how recent research on intoxicated witnesses can be applied in praxis, illustrating important factors for legal practitioners to consider when interpreting information from intoxicated witnesses. It also provides legal practitioners and researchers with an example of a structured approach to more nuanced BAC-calculations.
How to minimize adverse effects of physical workplace violence on health sector workers: A preliminary study
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Cai Jingjing , Shao Wenchen , Wang Zhaocheng 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper is an exploratory study to investigate possible remedial measures accounting for a relatively favorable prognosis of health sector workers who have experienced physical WPV in Zhejiang province, China.MethodsFollowing a proportionate stratified sampling strategy, five tertiary hospitals (in the developed capital city of Hangzhou and other prefecture-level cities), eight secondary hospitals (in counties), and thirty-two primary care facilities (16 urban community health centers and 16 rural township health centers) were conveniently selected. Among 4,862 valid respondents out of 6,089 self-conducted questionnaires, 224 health sector workers who have been directly exposed to physical WPV in the past year were included in the present study.ResultsThe present study has three major findings: (1) Victims’ satisfaction with the resolution of the physical WPV conflict was directly associated with the favorable prognosis. (2) Taking days off from work after the violence can promote victims’ satisfaction with the resolution of the physical WPV conflict. (3) Knowing that relevant departments investigated the case can promote victims’ satisfaction with the resolution of the physical WPV conflict.ConclusionWe propose a combined gesture of “offering adequate days off work after physical WPV” and “every physical violence must be investigated” that should be taken by all medical institutions in China. Health sector workers who get involved in physical WPV incidents should prioritize their safety and avoid any behavior that may intensify the conflicts.
A network analysis of anxiety, depressive, and psychotic symptoms and functioning in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Lo Buglio Gabriele , Pontillo Maria , Cerasti Erika , Polari Andrea , Schiano Lomoriello Arianna , Vicari Stefano , Lingiardi Vittorio , Boldrini Tommaso , Solmi Marco 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveYouths at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) are characterized by a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. The present study aimed at developing and analyzing a network structure of CHR-P symptom domains (i.e., positive, negative, disorganization, and general subclinical psychotic symptoms), depressive and anxiety symptoms, and general functioning.MethodsNetwork analysis was applied to data on 111 CHR-P children and adolescents (Mage = 14.1), who were assessed using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Children’s Global Assessment Scale, and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children.ResultsIn the network, negative and disorganization symptoms showed the strongest association (r = 0.71), and depressive and anxiety symptoms showed dense within-domain connections, with a main bridging role played by physical symptoms of anxiety. The positive symptom cluster was not associated with any other node. The network stability coefficient (CS) was slightly below 0.25, and observed correlations observed ranged from 0.35 to 0.71.ConclusionThe lack of association between subclinical positive symptoms and other network variables confirmed the independent nature of subclinical positive symptoms from comorbid symptoms, which were found to play a central role in the analyzed network. Complex interventions should be developed to target positive and comorbid symptoms, prioritizing those with the most significant impact on functioning and the most relevance for the young individual, through a shared decision-making process. Importantly, the results suggest that negative and disorganization symptoms, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms, may be targeted simultaneously.
Mindfulness and skills-based eHealth intervention to reduce distress in cancer-affected patients in the Reduct trial: Intervention protocol of the make it training optimized
Authors: Heinen Jana , Bäuerle Alexander , Schug Caterina , Krakowczyk Julia Barbara , Strunk Sven Erik , Wieser Alexandra , Beckord Jil , Jansen Christoph , Dries Sebastian , Pantförder Michael , Erim Yesim , Zipfel Stephan , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Wiltink Jörg , Wünsch Alexander , Dinkel Andreas , Stengel Andreas , Kruse Johannes , Teufel Martin , Graf Johanna 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionCancer-affected patients experience high distress due to various burdens. One way to expand psycho-oncological support is through digital interventions. This protocol describes the development and structure of a web-based psycho-oncological intervention, the Make It Training optimized. This intervention is currently evaluated in the Reduct trial, a multicenter randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe Make It Training optimized was developed in six steps: A patient need and demand assessment, development and acceptability analysis of a prototype, the formation of a patient advisory council, the revision of the training, implementation into a web app, and the development of a motivation and evaluation plan.ResultsThrough a process of establishing cancer-affected patients’ needs, prototype testing, and patient involvement, the Make It Training optimized was developed by a multidisciplinary team and implemented in a web app. It consists of 16 interactive self-guided modules which can be completed within 16 weeks.DiscussionIntervention protocols can increase transparency and increase the likelihood of developing effective web-based interventions. This protocol describes the process and results of developing a patient-oriented intervention. Future research should focus on the further personalization of web-based psycho-oncological interventions and the potential benefits of combining multiple psychotherapeutic approaches.
The relationship between the mental health status and social support of the lonely elderly with government participation in the Internet context
Authors: Guo Jun , Ling Wenhao 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveAt present, urban community aging has become a new way to solve aging problem and has made outstanding contributions to alleviate current aging dilemma. However, there are still deficiencies in the services provided by this new method of community-based elderly care for the elderly who are left alone. Therefore, this paper explores the problems of government policies, facilities and services for the elderly who have lost their independence, analyzes the reasons behind them, and proposes countermeasures.MethodThis paper introduces and compares the government's current services for the elderly who are left alone in the city at the level of community-based elderly care services. From the existing literature, we find that most researchers have studied the single-parent family as an individual, exploring its elderly care dilemma, analyzing the causes and proposing countermeasures. It introduces and summarizes the situation of the elderly left alone in Taiyuan, the government's policies on the elderly left alone and community elderly care, the current community elderly care construction in Taiyuan, and the service models provided by the government.Results/DiscussionThis paper provides a detailed description and in-depth analysis of the lack of elderly care protection in communities, and analyzes the underlying causes. Activity theory suggests that even though older people are no longer in the same mental state as younger people, they can still enhance their self-worth through active participation in social activities and gain a sense of social identity through social activities. The services provided by social organizations are typical services purchased by the Health and Welfare Commission for the elderly who are left alone, and it is feasible to gradually extend the services to provide more specialized community-based elderly care services for the elderly who are left alone. Therefore, this study takes the use of services provided by social organizations as an example to understand the current situation of services received and used by the elderly who are left alone, and concludes that the services are weakly accessible, and finally proposes suggestions to improve the accessibility of services in three aspects: supply, delivery, and use.
Clinical significance of novel biomarkers to predict the natural course of hepatitis B infection
Authors: Wu Weikang , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhang Weilu , Zhou Haowei , Kong Xiangyu , He Zhen , Fu Ting , Zhang Wenhua , Jia Wenling , Liang Chunhui , Tang Haitao , Wang Fengmei , Ye Yancheng , Shao Zhongjun , Ji Zhaohua 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimChronic hepatitis B (CHB) can be divided into immune tolerance (IT), immune clearance (IC), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative inactive/quiescent carrier (ENQ), and HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENH) phases. The conventional biomarkers used to distinguish these phases have limitations. We examined the clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) as novel biomarkers.MethodsOne hundred eighty-nine patients without treatment currently were categorized by CHB phase (IT = 46, IC = 45, ENQ = 49, ENH = 49). The associations of HBV RNA and HBcrAg with HBV DNA and alanine transaminase (ALT) were analyzed. The decision tree model was used to distinguish the four phases in the natural course of CHB.ResultsThe concentrations of HBV RNA and HBcrAg were highest in the IT and IC phases (P &lt; 0.01). Serum HBV RNA was similar to HBcrAg in treatment-naïve patients. HBV RNA and HBcrAg correlated with HBV DNA in the HBeAg+ and HBeAg− status (HBV RNA: e+ r = 0.51, e− r = 0.62; HBcrAg: e+ r = 0.51, e− r = 0.71), but their association with HBV DNA differed among phases. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of HBcrAg with ALT in distinguishing the CHB phases were 95.65%, 95.83%, and 95.55%, respectively.ConclusionSerum HBV RNA and HBcrAg may be useful to monitor CHB progression.
Organizational wellbeing: A model of a new Apulian COVID-19 designated hospital
Authors: Vimercati Luigi , Cannone Enza Sabrina Silvana , Sponselli Stefania , Caputi Antonio , Migliore Giovanni , Daleno Antonio , Minicucci Anna Maria , Milone Gabriella , Spagnolo Lorenzo , Pipoli Antonella , De Maria Luigi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundWork environment characteristics have an important impact on organizational wellbeing in health care facilities. In the Apulia Region, a new COVID-19 hospital was planned, designated and built in a few weeks for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this hospital, together with “Fiera Hospital” in Milan, are two of the few buildings worldwide that have been converted into new health care facilities with intensive care center units to treat COVID-19 patients, and this is the first study assessing organizational wellbeing in a newly designated COVID-19 hospital.AimsTo detect and assess the strong points, criticality, and perceptions of wellbeing/discomfort of health care workers engaged in the management of the current health emergency.MethodThe study was conducted on 188 health care workers, with the “Multidimensional Organizational Health Questionnaire.”ResultsWe found an overall positive level of organizational wellbeing. The more positive dimensions were “Collaboration between colleagues,” “Organizational efficiency” and “Room Comfort.” Conflict situations in the workplace were poorly perceived. A very low rate of absenteeism from work was also observed.ConclusionsOur results show the effectiveness of the organizational model adopted in the management of the COVID-19 hospital, especially in view of the work and emotional overload of the personnel called to face the epidemiological emergency on the frontline, which did not adversely affect the psychophysical conditions of the workers. The success of this model is related to the coexistence of all levels of care required during any type of health emergency in a single structure, paying particular attention to the architectural, functional, and procedural aspects of health care and to the so-called “humanization” of care.
The effectiveness of patient-centered care vs. usual care in type 2 diabetes self-management: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Asmat Kainat , Dhamani Khairunnisa , Gul Raisa , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPatient-centered care in diabetes self-management might be a significant factor in improving health outcomes of adults with type 2 diabetes, yet the supporting evidence is inadequate. This review aimed at assessing the effectiveness of patient-centered self-management care interventions on glycemic control (HbA1c) and self-care behaviors compared with usual care.MethodsCINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the HEC Digital Library were searched for studies in English language that assessed patient-centered self-management educational and/or behavioral interventions in adults aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes from 2005 to 2020. Interventional studies with at least 3 months of follow-up and reporting on self-care outcomes such as glycemic control (HbA1c) and self-care behaviors including diet control, physical activity, foot care, and medication adherence were included.ResultsOf 168 identified records, 24 were found eligible comprising 20 RCTs and four QESs with total 4,083 participants. The meta-analysis involved 19 RCTs that provided enough information for a pooled estimate of HbA1c. Compared with the control group, patient-centered self-management interventions significantly lowered HbA1c, −0.56 (95% CI −0.79, −0.32). Stratified analysis for HbA1c with respect to various aspects of intervention showed larger effects in interventions employing both educational and behavioral components, −0.66 (95% CI −0.97, −0.34); spanned over shorter (&lt;03 months) duration, −0.85 (95% CI −1.28, −0.43); administered by nurses, −0.80 (95% CI −1.44, −0.16); and delivered in community settings −0.70 (95% CI −1.14, −0.26).ConclusionThis systematic review provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of patient-centered self-management care interventions in improving glycemic control and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes and identified key features of intervention contributing toward success.