bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin: a challenge in pregnancy management and infection assessment ‒ case report
Authors: da Cunha Sara Bernardes , Carneiro Maria Carolina Fortuna , Reis Inês Falcão , Rasteiro Cátia , Pinto Augusta , Teles Teresa Paula 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a rare condition associated with fetal and neonatal morbimortality. Prevention of recurrence includes intravenous immunoglobulin. One challenge in pregnancy surveillance remains the fact that maternal intravenous immunoglobulins therapy can result in false-positive infectious markers. The goal of this case report is to highlight the possible serological misdiagnosed infection associated with intravenous immunoglobulins therapy in pregnancy, and the difficulty of management in this time of a women’s life.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 38-year-old pregnant woman, with a previous affected child with fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. To prevent recurrence, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was administered in early second trimester. In the second trimester routine analysis, a positive anti-treponemal test and a toxoplasmosis seroconversion occurred. Infection suspicion based on test positivity of some infectious agents, after passive acquired antibodies, can lead to anxiety and subsequent unnecessary treatment.

Conclusions
Clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the possible acquisition of these antibodies during treatment and be able to counsel patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin. Managing possible infectious intercurrences in pregnancy remains a challenge.
Inheritance of wood color, decay resistance, and polyphenol content of heartwood in full-sib families of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.)
Authors: Nezu Ikumi , Ishiguri Futoshi , Suzuki Hinano , Takahashi Yusuke , Takashima Yuya , Hiraoka Yuichiro , Iki Taiichi , Miyashita Hisaya , Matsushita Michinari , Habu Naoto , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) is an important plantation species in Japan as well as in Europe. The inheritance of wood color (L*, a* and b*), mass loss by a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), and polyphenol content (as the taxifolin equivalent) in heartwood were examined for 75 trees in 15 full-sib families of L. kaempferi. The mean values of all trees were 74.5 in L*, 8.4 in a*, 23.0 in b*, 18.3 and 26.0% in mass loss by T. versicolor and F. palustris, and 0.045 µmol/mg in polyphenol content. The narrow-sense heritability (h
2) showed higher values in heartwood color (h
2 = 0.70–0.87), but mass loss and polyphenol content showed relatively lower values (h
2 = 0.00–0.33). Significant negative correlations were found between polyphenol content and mass loss by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. In addition, the polyphenol content of heartwood was significantly correlated with the color of heartwood. Similar results were obtained in genetic correlations. Thus, it is concluded that parents with lower L* and higher a* and b* in heartwood could produce progenies with higher polyphenol content in heartwood, thereby leading to higher decay resistance.
Dispersion strengthening of copper by internal oxidation of rapidly solidified Cu-RE alloys
Authors: Anzel Ivan , Kneissl Albert C. , Kosec Ladislav , Rudolf Rebeka , Gusel Leo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Combination of rapid solidification and internal oxidation was used for producing a fine dispersion of rare earth oxide particles in the copper matrix. An overall microstructural analysis has shown that the internal oxidation temperature, the rapidly solidified microstructure and its changing ahead of the internal oxidation front strongly influence the mechanism of the internal oxidation process and the resulting microstructure. The internal oxidation in a Cu –Yb alloy took place mainly by direct oxidation of intermetallic particles. Contrary to this, in a Cu – Er alloy two mechanisms of internal oxidation have been clearly observed: (i) Dissolution of intermetallic particles ahead of the internal oxidation front and oxidation of the erbium from the solid solution and (ii) direct oxidation of the Cu–Er intermetallic particles. While a reasonable optimum combination of processing conditions at internal oxidation in the solid state, yielding suitable oxide dispersions, seems to have been identified for the Cu–Er alloy, the same was not true for the Cu–Yb alloy. However, the internal oxidation of the Cu–Yb alloy in the semisolid state, which occurs by alternation of two processes – Yb oxides precipitation and Cu matrix solidification – led to a relatively uniform dispersion of Yb oxide particles.
Influence of charged hydrogen on tensile behavior of a pressure vessel steel at relatively
high temperatures
Authors: Wu X. Q. , Kim I. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The influence of hydrogen charged cathodically on the tensile behavior of pressure vessel steel SA508 Cl.3 has been investigated in the temperature range 200– 350 °C. It was found that the charged hydrogen induced a marked softening and a decrease in ductility at these temperatures, especially in the dynamic strain aging (DSA) region. Correspondingly, some flat or brittle-like areas appeared on the fracture surfaces locally and the dimples became smaller and shallower. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen moved the critical temperature at which DSA takes place to a higher temperature. The possible interactions between hydrogen and DSA at relatively high temperatures and the related mechanisms are also discussed according to the above experimental results.
Structural and mechanical characteristics of ZA27-7 wt.% SiC composites produced by powder metallurgy techniques
Authors: Božić Dušan , Devečerski Aleksandar , Dimčić Biljana , Vilotijević Miroljub , Rajković Višeslava 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a study of the structural and mechanical properties of Zn-matrix composites discontinuously reinforced by 7 wt.% SiC particles of size 0.7 µm. Commercial Zn-rich Zn–Al –Cu (ZA27) alloy was gas atomized, the resulting powder was mixed with a SiC powder and hot compacted into cylindrical pellets. Metal powder and powder mixture were pressed at 230°C for 60 min, under a pressure of 170 MPa. The compressive strength testing was performed in the temperature range from 20°C to 170°C with a deformation rate of 2.4 × 10 –3 s–1. Detailed microstructure characterization of samples has been evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy.
Calorimetric study of Zn13La
Authors: Morishita Masao , Koyama Koichiro , Tsuboki Kouhei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of Zn13La were investigated by calorimetry. The standard entropy of formation at 298 K,

Δ
f

S

298

°

${{\Delta }_{\text{f}}}S_{298}^{{}^\circ }$

was determined from measuring the heat capacities, Cp
, from near absolute zero (2 K) to 300 K by the relaxation method. The standard enthalpy of formation at 298 K,

Δ
f

H

298

°

${{\Delta }_{\text{f}}}H_{298}^{{}^\circ }$

was determined by solution calorimetry in hydrochloric acid solution. The standard Gibbs energy of formation at 298 K,

Δ
f

G

298

°

${{\Delta }_{\text{f}}}G_{298}^{{}^\circ }$

was determined from these data. The coefficient, γ, of the electronic term contributing to the heat capacity of Zn13La was similar to the composition average of the values of pure Zn and La, indicating that the 5d- and 4f-electron states for La are localized in the vicinity of the Fermi energy level.
Effect of grain size on the static strain aging of a ULC-bake hardening steel
Authors: De A. K. , Vandeputte S. , Soenen B. , De Cooman B. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bake hardenability in ultra low carbon bake hardening (ULC-BH) steels is primarily influenced by the (i) solute carbon content in the matrix, (ii) dislocation density and (iii) grain boundaries. Grain boundaries in fine-grained steels significantly change the dislocation distribution and carbon-concentration profiles from grain interior to the grain boundary and correspondingly, the bake hardening response may change. The present study examines the effect of different grain sizes (66–15 µm) on the bake hardening behavior of a ULC-BH steel (total carbon content 24 wt.ppm) as a function of tensile strain (2–5%) and aging temperatures (50–170°C). The carbon concentration profiles across the grains of different sizes have been evaluated both through modeling calculations and experimental measurements. Results showed that the bake hardening decreases with decreasing grain size in general, but there is a critical fine grain size corresponding to a specific amount of tensile strain, at which the bake hardening increases significantly due to the contribution of grain boundary carbon and increased dislocation density adjacent to the grain boundaries.
Nanowires for 2D material-based photonic and optoelectronic devices
Authors: Lee Ha Young , Kim Sejeong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanowires have garnered considerable attention in photonics and optoelectronics due to their unique features. Owing to the large surface area and significant potential of usage as a resonator and waveguide in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), nanowires have been applied in many research areas in nanophotonics. To enhance the properties of light emitting materials, the hybrid of nanowires and 2D materials has been deployed in many papers. This paper summarises recent studies on the application of various types of nanowires in photonics and optoelectronics, as well as the combination of nanowires and 2D materials. This review article introduces nanowires that act as resonators or/and waveguides to increase the performance of 2D materials used in PICs for light enhancement and guiding. Moreover, the review lays out the hybrid of nanowires and 2D materials that have been studied in the field of optoelectronics. The hybridization of nanowires and 2D materials for photonics and optoelectronics is discussed in this review for the outlook of future studies.
Social Media and the Political Engagement of Young Adults: Between Mobilization and Distraction
Authors: Matthes Jörg 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Scholars have expressed great hopes that social media use can foster the democratic engagement of young adults. However, this research has largely ignored non-political, entertainment-oriented uses of social media. In this essay, I theorize that social media use can significantly dampen political engagement because, by and large, young adults use social media primarily for non-political purposes, which distracts rather than mobilizes.

Design/methodology/approach
I illustrate this argument using aggregate level data from the U.S., Germany, Switzerland, and Japan by comparing relative voter turnout and social media use data of young adults.

Findings
Data suggest a so called Social Media Political Participation paradox in those countries: The gap in voter turnout between young adults and older generations has not significantly decreased, despite a skyrocketing rise of social media use on the side of young adults, and the overwhelming research evidence that social media use fosters offline political participation.

Implications
When trying to understand the implications of social media for democracy across the globe, entertainment-oriented content needs to be brought back in.

Originality/value
This essay challenges the dominant research paradigm on social media use and political participation. It urges future research to theoretically develop, describe, and empirically test a comprehensive model of how social media use has the potential to mobilize and to distract.
Deficiency indices of block Jacobi matrices and Miura transformation
Authors: Osipov Andrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the infinite Jacobi block matrices under the discrete Miura-type transformations which relate matrix Volterra and Toda lattice systems to each other and the situations when the deficiency indices of the corresponding operators are the same. A special attention is paid to the completely indeterminate case (i.e., then the deficiency indices of the corresponding block Jacobi operators are maximal). It is shown that there exists a Miura transformation which retains the complete indeterminacy of Jacobi block matrices appearing in the Lax representation for such systems, namely, if the Lax matrix of Volterra system is completely indeterminate, then so is the Lax matrix of the corresponding Toda system, and vice versa. We consider an implication of the obtained results to the study of matrix orthogonal polynomials as well as to the analysis of self-adjointness of scalar Jacobi operators.
Prospective and Retrospective Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey Public Aftershock Forecast for the 2019–2021 Southwest Puerto Rico Earthquake and Aftershocks
Authors: van der Elst Nicholas J. , Hardebeck Jeanne L. , Michael Andrew J. , McBride Sara K. , Vanacore Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Mw 6.4 Southwest Puerto Rico Earthquake of 7 January 2020 was accompanied by a robust fore- and aftershock sequence. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has issued regular aftershock forecasts for more than a year since the mainshock, available on a public webpage. Forecasts were accompanied by interpretive and informational material, published in English and Spanish. Informational products included narrative “scenarios” for how the aftershock sequence could play out, infographics, and a report on the potential duration of the aftershock sequence through the next decade. Forecasts are based on the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model and generated using the USGS AftershockForecaster software—an interactive graphical user interface built on the OpenSHA platform (Field et al., 2003). The initial forecast is based on past sequences in similar tectonic environments; subsequent forecasts are tuned to the ongoing sequence via Bayesian model updating. Probabilistic aftershock forecasts for the next day, week, month, and year were publicly released and archived at a daily to monthly tempo, allowing for a truly prospective test of the forecast. Here, we evaluate the forecast over the first year of the recorded aftershocks. The ETAS-based forecast performed well overall, successfully capturing both the chance of having at least one earthquake of a given magnitude in a forecast interval as well as the non-Poissonian distribution of the total number of aftershocks within an interval. A retrospective analysis shows that the ETAS model is a substantial improvement over the existing Reasenberg and Jones (1989) forecast model. The exercise also reveals some limitations of the current model, in particular, with respect to nonstationarities in the aftershock magnitude distribution and model parameters throughout the evolving sequence.
A China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups Script Development based on R Language
Authors: Zhu Junmin , Fan Yunhai , He Quanhui , Peng Wanglin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To develop a set of R scripts that could efficiently and accurately identify the home page information of medical records and perform China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) simulating grouping.Methods: Based on the CHS-DRG grouping rules, we abstracted the DRG grouping process into a standard algorithm and compiled the R script Z-DRG. The DRG simulating groupings by Z-DRG were compared with the DRG results from the regional CHS-DRG integrated service platform to evaluate the accuracy.Results: The Z-DRG includes one function module (zdrgfun. Rc), one operation module (zdrgpro. R) and one database form (zdrgcodes.RData). The function module set 7 algorithm steps and 8 custom functions. The functions were set for multiple diagnoses, multiple operations, joint diagnosis and operation. Only (17.85±0.11) milliseconds were taken for CHS-DRG simulating grouping of one case. Compared with the regional CHS-DRG results, the accuracy rate was 99.10%. The difference in the number of other diagnoses is the main reason that affected the accuracy.Conclusions: Z-DRG is easy to operate. The CHS-DRG simulating groupings were efficient and accurate. The simulation results could be effectively applied for medical institutions to carry out CHS-DRG grouping prediction and improve the implementation effect of CHS-DRG payment work.
Paediatric Eye and Vision Research Participation Experiences: A Systematic Review
Authors: Miller Jacqueline , Curtis-Tyler Katherine , Maden Michelle , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret , Chudleigh Jane 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:For children and young people with eye and vision conditions, research is essential to advancing evidence-based recommendations in diagnosis, prevention, treatments and cures. Patient ‘experience’ reflects a key measure of quality in health care (1); research participant ‘experiences’ are equally important. Therefore, in order to achieve child-centred, high quality paediatric ophthalmic research, we need to understand participation experiences. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature; our primary outcome was to understand what supports or hinders positive eye and vision research experiences for children and young people. Our secondary outcomes explored whether participation experiences were perceived to have any positive or adverse effects, and if any interventions to improve paediatric ophthalmic research experiences had previously been developed or used. Methods:We searched (from inception to Nov 2018, updated July 2020) in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, NICE evidence and The Cochrane Library (CDSR and CENTRAL), key journals (by hand), grey literature databases and Google Scholar; looking for evidence from the perspectives of children, young people, parents and staff with experience of paediatric ophthalmic research. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Participant in Research Experience Survey (PRES) (2, 3) identified ‘five domains’ pivotal to shaping positive research experiences; we used these domains as an ‘a priori’ framework to conduct a ‘best fit’ synthesis (4, 5).Results:Our search yielded 13,020 papers; two studies were eligible. These evaluated research experiences from the perspectives of parents and staff; the perspectives of children and young people themselves were not collected. No studies were identified addressing our secondary objectives. Synthesis confirmed the experiences of parents were shaped by staff characteristics, information provision, trial organisation and personal motivations; concurring with the ‘PRES domains’(3), and generating additional dimensions to participation motivations and the physical and emotional costs of study organisation.Conclusions:The evidence base is limited and importantly omits the voices of children and young people. Further research, involving children and young people, is necessary to better understand the research experiences of this population, and so inform quality improvements for paediatric ophthalmic research care and outcomes.Registration: Review registered with PROSPERO, International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42018117984
The Unequal Distribution of International Climate Finance Flows and Its Underlying Drivers
Authors: Rickman Jamie , Kothari Sumit , Larosa Francesca , Ameli Nadia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Developed country pledges to provide finance to developing countries for their mitigation actions and adaptation needs sit at the heart of international climate cooperation. Present commitments are deficient both in terms of their quantity and their distribution among developing countries. Using wind and solar energy financing data we highlight the unequal distribution of international climate finance among developing countries and identify the determinants of investment suitability that drives the flows of non-aid climate finance more generally. Economic capabilities, business environment, climate policy environment and electricity access levels are significant drivers of private finance flows, whereas public finance is driven chiefly by domestic climate policy ambition since the Paris Agreement. Climate-vulnerable countries however struggle to access finance, with path dependency in investment flows further reinforcing existing inequalities. Forthcoming deliberations on quantifying long-term finance targets should thus incorporate mechanisms to distribute finance more equitably to meet country-specific needs and priorities.
Return of comprehensive tumour genomic profiling results to advanced cancer patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Best Megan , Bartley Nicci , Napier Christine , Fisher Alana , Ballinger Mandy , Thomas David , Goldstein David , Tucker Katherine , Biesecker Barbara , Butow Phyllis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe introduction of comprehensive tumour genomic profiling (CGP) into clinical oncology allows the identification of molecular therapeutic targets. However, the potential complexity of genomic results and their implications may cause confusion and distress for patients undergoing CGP. We investigated the experience of advanced cancer patients receiving CGP results in a research setting. MethodsSemi-structured interviews with 37 advanced cancer patients were conducted within two weeks of patients receiving CGP results. Interviewees were purposively sampled based on CGP result, cancer type, age and gender to ensure diversity. Themes were derived from interview transcripts using a framework analysis approach.ResultsWe identified six themes: 1) Hoping against the odds; 2) Managing expectations; 3) Understanding is cursory; 4) Communication of results is cursory; 5) Genomics and incurable cancer; and 6) Decisions about treatment.ConclusionDespite enthusiasm regarding CGP about the hope it provides for new treatments, participants experienced challenges in understanding results, and acceptance of identified treatments was not automatic. Support is needed for patients undergoing CGP to understand the implications of testing and cope with non-actionable results.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Country With a High Vaccination Rate
Authors: Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Cifuentes-Munoz Nicolas , Avaria Andrea , Pereira-Montencinos Camila , Cruzat Gilena , Zorondo-Rodriguez Francisco , Fuenzalida Loreto F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Control of the COVID-19 pandemic largely depends on the effectiveness of the vaccination process. Understanding the factors that underlie the willingness to accept vaccination contributes pivotal information to control the pandemic. We analyzed the association between the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccines available and vaccine determinants amidst the Chilean vaccination process. Individual-level survey data was collected from 744 nationally representative respondents and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the association between outcome and explanatory variables. We found that trust in COVID-19 vaccines, scientists, and medical professionals increased the willingness to: accept the vaccines, booster doses, annual vaccinations, and the vaccination of children. Our results are critical to understanding the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of a country with one of the world’s highest vaccination rates. We provide information for decision-making and policy design, as well as guidelines regarding how to effectively explain vaccination programs to citizens.