bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the behavior of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomes of Astyanax altiparanae (Pisces, Characidae) when submitted to the product of fungal remediation of textile dyes.
Authors: Sacco Vania Aparecida , de Carvalho Luciana Andréia Borin , Castro Ana Luiza de Brito Portela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Specimens of Astyanax altiparanae were analyzed concerning the mutagenic potential of textile dyes Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Blue 19 and their products remediated by endophytic fungi, lineage Phlebias sp. through karyotype analysis in order to detect possible chromosomal alterations and variations on heterochromatin through band C. Twenty-eight copies of Astyanax altiparanae commercially obtained were submitted to different treatments being distributed 2 individuals each tank with 10L of water: tank 1 only with water (negative control); tank 2 with potato dextrose broth; tank 3 with dye Reactive Blue 19; tank 4 with dye Black 5; tank 5 with environment fermented by fungi and potato dextrose broth; tank 6 with environment fermented by fungi added with dye Reactive Blak 5. All solutions of treatment were made with concentration 0,01%/L and each treatment lasted for 24h. Metaphases of A. altiparanae revealed chromosomal breaks and also variations on distribution and quantity of heterochromatin among different types of treatment. The tested textile dyes seem to exert genotoxic effect due to Gaps and chromosomal breaks as well as epigenetic effect, due to alteration of chromatin compaction of analyzed specimens.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 induces microglial activation and M1 polarization via the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Oh Yebin , Jung Hak-Jun , Hong Seungwon , Cho Yerim , Cho Daeho , Kim Tae Sung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundActivation of microglia, which are the primary immune cell of the central nervous system, plays an important role in neuroinflammation associated with several neuronal diseases. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a structural component of the multienzyme ARS complex, is secreted to trigger a pro-inflammatory function and has been associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of AIMP1 on microglial activation remains unknown.MethodsPrimary microglial cells were obtained from mixed glial cultures prepared from the cerebral cortexes of postnatal 3-5-day mice. Cultured primary microglia and BV-2 microglial cells were treated with various concentrations of AIMP1, after which the activation-related factors were determined by flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. Immunoblot analysis of major components of MAPKs and NF-κB was proceeded to investigate the underlying mechanism of microglial activation. Immunofluorescent assay of the cell-surface markers indicated the polarization of microglia.ResultsAIMP1 elevated the expression levels of activation-related cell surface markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary and BV-2 microglial cells. In addition to the AIMP1-mediated increase in the expression levels of M1 markers (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β), the expression levels of CD68, an M1 cell surface molecule, were also increased in AIMP-1-treated microglial cells, while those of CD206, an M2 cell surface molecule, were decreased, indicating that AIMP1 triggers the polarization of microglial cells into the M1 state but not the M2 state. AIMP1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while MAPK inhibitors suppressed the AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. AIMP1 also induced the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) components and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in microglial cells. Furthermore, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors markedly suppressed the AIMP1-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB components as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, suggesting the involvement of JNK and p38 as upstream regulators of NF-κB in AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation.ConclusionAIMP1 effectively induces M1 microglial activation via the JNK and p38/NF-κB-dependent pathways. These results suggest that AIMP1 secreted under stress conditions may be a pathological factor that induces neuroinflammation.
Environmental and Anthropogenic impact on Conservation and Sustainability of Marine Fish Diversity
Authors: Pandion Kumar , Arunachalam Kantha Deivi , Ayyamperumal Ramamoorthy , Chang Soon Woong , Chang Woo jin , Rajagopal Rajinikanth , Kalavathi Francisca , Iwai Chuleemas Boonthai , Gayathiri Ekambaran , Ravindran Balasubramani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Marine fish biodiversity and conservation linking to human livelihood around the coast were carried out during 2019 by survey and personal interviews to study the effects of environmental and anthropogenic issues on marine fish diversity changes which affect the sustainability. 42 finfish, 6 crabs, and 1 shrimp belonging to 3 groups collected along the coastal zone were authenticated by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). The fish species diversity index was estimated showed that alpha and beta biodiversity were prevalent compared to gamma fish diversity in the study zone. The collected fish species were compared with International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threatened lists and found 51% least concerned. The Principle Component Analysis done for the livelihood status age group, religious, education, houses, training, graft and gear of fishermen exhibited 93.6% and 4.3% variations. The observed 51% least concerned species in the study zone implies species declination due to overexploitation of the natural sources. The study recommends strict conservation measures to be implemented to ensure sustainability and conservation of fish diversity. The fish conservation is a crucial factor for the sustainability of the human lively hood
Central Environmental Protection Inspector and Stock Price Crash Risk -- Evidence from Polluting Industries Firms in China
Authors: Wen Mengyao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, under the background of vigorously promoting environmental governance, the implementation effect of the central environmental protection inspection is an issue of great concern to the government and the public. This paper systematically investigates the impact of central environmental protection inspection on the risk of stock price crash using a sample of listed firms in polluting industries. The results show that compared with non-supervised areas, central environmental protection inspection can reduce the polluting industries firms’ stock price crash risk by reducing stock price bubbles. After a series of robustness tests, the results still held. The above transmission mechanism is more effective in the samples of private enterprises, low information transparency and disclosure quality enterprises, non-national civilized urban areas and high promotion incentive areas. Furthermore, this paper found that there were differences in the effects of central environmental protection inspection in different batches. Among the effects of central environmental protection inspection in different batches, the effect of environmental regulation in the second, third and fourth batches was better, and the effect of central environmental protection inspection in different batches gradually deepened. Finally, by analyzing the environmental governance of the central environmental protection inspection, it is found that the central environmental protection inspection has significant short-term and long-term control effect in air pollution governance, and it is still necessary to strengthen the law enforcement in water pollution governance.
Validation of biomarkers for neonicotinoid exposure in Folsomia candida under mutual exposure to diethyl maleate
Authors: Bakker Ruben , Xie Liyan , Vooijs Riet , Roelofs Dick , Hoedjes Katja M. , Gestel Cornelis A.M. van 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are harmful to non-target soil invertebrates, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture. Gene expression biomarkers could provide economical and high-throughput metrics of neonicotinoid exposure and toxicity to non-target invertebrates and could help guide remediation efforts or policy enforcement. Gene expression of Glutathione S-Transferase 3 (GST3), which negates oxidative stress, has previously been proposed as a biomarker for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in the soil ecotoxicological model species Folsomia candida (Collembola). It remains unclear, however, how reliably gene expression of neonicotinoid biomarkers, such as GST3, can indicate the exposure to the broader neonicotinoid family under varying oxidative stress conditions. In this work, we exposed springtails to two neonicotinoids, thiacloprid and imidacloprid, alongside diethyl maleate (DEM), a known GST metabolic inhibitor that imposes oxidative stress. First, we determined the influence of DEM on neonicotinoid toxicity to springtail fecundity. Second, we surveyed the gene expression of four biomarkers, including GST3, under mutual exposure regimes to neonicotinoids and DEM. We observed no effect of DEM on springtail fecundity. Moreover, the expression of GST3 was only influenced by DEM under mutual exposure with thiacloprid but not with imidacloprid. The results indicate that GST3 is not a robust indicator of neonicotinoid exposure and that oxidative stress mediates the toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid differentially. Due to influence of DEM on biomarker expression, future research should investigate biomarker reliability under increased oxidative stress conditions as provided by DEM exposure.
LDLc and residual risk reduction with fixed-dose combination rosuvastatin-ezetimibe in patients with acute vs. chronic coronary syndrome not candidates for PCSK9 inhibitors treatment
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Escribano David , Quintanilla M. Amparo , Masiá M. Dolores , Monteagudo Marta , Moreno-Arribas Jose , Lopez-Ayala Jose M , Zuazola Pilar , Bertomeu-Gonzalez Vicente 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Most patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) might be candidates for statin plus ezetimibe combination to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) <55 mg/dl. Fixed-dose combinations increase adherence but there is less evidence on for rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with CHD. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with CHD that received fixed-dose combination with rosuvastatin-ezetimibe between January 2019 and March 2020 in a single center. Inclusion criteria were: patients initiating this treatment and LDLc <100 mg/dl despite statin treatment or >100 mg/dl without previous lipid-lowering treatments. Results: We included 208 patients, 55 (26.44%) acute coronary (ACS) patients. Most chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients (90.04%), but just 27.27% of the ACS patients, were on statins. Mean LDLc before treatment was 102.48 (29.78) mg/dl and it was higher in patients with ACS (p<0.001). Median time to second blood test was 203 days and mean on-treatment LDLc was 57.76 (20.23) mg/dl: ACS 53.45 (22.15) vs. CCS 59.65 (19.12) mg/dl (p=0.073). Mean LDLc reduction was 41.00% and it was higher in was higher in ACS patients (49.35% vs. 37.36%; p<0.003). LDLc <55 mg/dl was achieved in 65.31% ACS patients vs. 41.96% CCS patients (p=0.006). ACS patients had significant reductions in triglycerides/HDL ratio and C-reactive protein; all patients had reductions in cholesterol remnants and residual lipid risk. Reductions of C-reactive protein correlated to LDLc reductions. Conclusions: Fixed-dose combination with rosuvastatin-ezetimibe in patients with CHD, not candidates for PCSK9 inhibitors, is effective for LDLc reduction especially in patients with ACS, and improves residual lipid risk.
MicroRNAs 181a and 125a are highly expressed in early diagnosed RRMS: a pilot case-control study
Authors: D'AMICO EMANUELE , allegretta caterina , Zanghì Aurora , manuti virginia , amoruso antonella , avolio carlo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently microRNAs (miRs) have been proposed as possible disease biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) field. Among miRs, those secreted through microvesicles (MVs) may contribute to different disease phases. Methods: This is a case-control study performed at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy. Patients have not been yet exposed to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and had received a confirmed diagnosis of relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). We analyzed the serum level of 6 MVs miRs by using Quantitative Real-Time PCR, comparing RRMS to HCs, with a 2:1 ratio. Subsequently, the differentially expressed miRNAs, were further tested with receiving operator curves (ROC). We aimed to explore possible role of MVs miRs as disease biomarker at the time of diagnosis.Results: A total of 12 patients were enroled. MiR-181a and miR-125a had higher levels in RRMS patients when compared to HCs (p<.01 and p<.05 respectively). The ROC curve indicated that both miR-181a and 125a could be considered as biomarkers with an area under the curve of 0.896 (p=.014; 95% CI: 0.72–1.00) and 0.785 (p=.046; 95% CI:0.59–1.00) respectively.Conclusions: Our study suggested MVs miR-181a and 125a as possible disease biomarkers in early diagnosed RRMS patients, not yet exposed to DMTs.
Integrated analysis of circulating and tissue proteomes reveal fibronectin 1 is a potential biomarker in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Qian Xu , Ye Guochao , Zhang Xiaomei , Li Mansheng , Xu Yongcan , Dong Haoru , Wang Sheng , Zhu Yunping , Yu Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has 20% indeterminate cases from preoperative cytology that could not be accurately diagnosed, which might lead to the surgical removal of the thyroid gland. To address this concern, we executed an in-depth analysis of serum proteomes of 26 PTC patients and 26 healthy controls using antibody microarrays and Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry (DIA-MS). The results identified a total of 1,091 serum proteins spanning 10–12 orders of magnitude, in which 157 differentially expressed proteins were identified that participate complement activation and coagulation cascades, platelet degranulation pathways. Furthermore, the analysis of serum proteomes before and after surgery indicate that the expression of proteins such as lactate dehydrogenase A, OR52B4 were changed which participate into fibrin clot formation and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. The further analysis of proteomes of PTC and neighboring tissues reveals integrin-mediated pathways that may cross talk between tissue and circulating compartment. Among these cross-talk proteins, circulating fibronectin 1 (FN1), gelsolin (GSN) and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE) were indicated as promising biomarkers to the PTC identification and validated in an independent cohort. To differentiate patients with benign nodule and PTC, the best ELISA result was from FN1 (sensitivity = 96.89%; specificity = 91.67%) which was tested in an independent cohort. Altogether, our results provide proteomic landscapes of PTC cancer before and after surgery as well as the cross-talk between tissue and circulating system, which would be valuable to understand the PTC pathology and improve PTC diagnostics in future.
The Role of Taxation Measures in the Management of Harmful Products, Services, and Practices: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kooshkebaghi Mahdi , Dargahi Hossein , Emamgholipour Sara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim:
Levying a tax on harmful products, services, and practices can impact consumer choices, effectively preventing diseases and reducing healthcare costs by reducing demand, changing consumption patterns, and encouraging healthier lifestyles. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of taxation as a powerful financial tool in the management of harmful products, services, and practices with the purpose of maintaining and improving public health and preserving the financial sustainability of the healthcare system.
Materials and Methods
The present study is a qualitative research that was conducted in 2020-21. In order to collect information, semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used. Using purposive and snowball sampling methods, 38 managers, policymakers, economists and key experts, were interviewed. Data were analyzed using content analysis method and the transcribed interviews were further imported into MAXQDA for classification and relevant codes were extracted.
Findings:
In this study, 6 main themes and 19 subthemes were labeled. The main themes accordingly included 1- Objectives, effects, and requirements of the taxation of harmful products, services, and practices 2- Definition, instances, and grading of harmful products, services, and practices 3- Challenges and problems in controlling harmful products, services, and practices 4- Controlling harmful products, services, and practices 5- Traffic violations and accidents and social harms 6- Tax revenue use and the share of healthcare.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Harmful products, services, and practices tend to have major health and financial implications for individuals, families and society. In order to improve public health, the demand for these products and services can be controlled through taxation measures so as to push consumers toward less harmful alternatives.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Kalgo Zaharaddin Muhammad , Amin Binta Muhammad , Mohammed Bashar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background The rise in antibiotics resistance is a growing public health concern among agents of respiratory tract infection, which is responsible for morbidity, mortality and costs in Africa. This study was designed to survey for multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) attending some hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methods Three hundred and fifty sputum samples were collected from consented patients with the symptoms of LRTI attending six different hospitals in Kebbi State. The samples were all screened for bacterial pathogens using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests and then confirmed using commercial biochemical test kit (MICROBACT) according to manufacturerer’s instruction. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were determined using disc diffusion method. Results Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant bacteria isolated in this location followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with an estimated percentage occurrence of 31.1% and 22.2% respectively. Other bacteria isolated include Klebsiella oxytoca (13.9%), Escherichia coli (11.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6%), Aeromonas hydrophila (5.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%), B. pseudomallei (2.8%) and Proteus spp (2.8%) in order of ranking. It was found out that, the young adults and the elderly were most at risk of a severe respiratory condition. The result also shows that LRTI were more common in males than in females. Most of the isolates were susceptible to piperacilin ((51%), trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (61%), Azithromycin (70%), Ciprofloxacin (71%) and Gentamycin (74%), in order of ranking. High resistance were recorded in almost all the βeta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin and vancomycin tested.Conclusion In conclusion, it was found out that, Staphylococcus aureus is the most predominant bacteria isolated, most of the isolates were resistance to β-lactam antibiotic tested. Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and piperacillin remain the useful antibiotics in the treatment of LRTIs in this location.
COMT, CRTZ, and F3’H regulate glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis hairy roots
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Ding Wenwen , Chen Ziyi , Xu Wenpu , Wang Doudou , Lu Tiangong , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is prescribed as one of the original plants of licorice in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This herbal medicine possesses numerous important pharmacological activities and has been used in clinic in China since ancient times. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid compound isolated from G. uralensis and also one of the marker components for its quality control. Based on our pervious transcriptome study, three genes, the caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT), the β-carotene 3-hydroxylase gene (CRTZ), and the flavonoid 3’-monooxygenase gene (F3’H), were selected as our target genes due to their high correlation with GA biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of these genes on GA biosynthesis through gene editing and overexpression in G. uralensis hairy roots. We observed that all transgenic hairy roots were viable whether knocking out or overexpressing the three target genes, indicating that these genes had no impact on survival of hairy roots. However, compared with the wild type and negative control hairy roots, GA contents were significantly lower in hairy roots overexpressing COMT, CRTZ, and F3’H, while higher in those knocking out the three genes. Our findings demonstrate that the three genes, COMT, CRTZ, and F3’H, all negatively regulate the GA biosynthesis.
Generalised optical printing of photocurable metal chalcogenides
Authors: Baek Seongheon , Ban Hyeong Woo , Jung Sanggyun , Heo Seung Hwae , Gu Da Hwi , Choi Wooyong , Choo Seungjun , Park Yae Eun , Lee Jiseok , Son Jae Sung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have attracted tremendous attention owing to their applicability to mask-less additive manufacturing, which enables the cost-effective and straightforward creation of patterned architectures. However, despite their potential use as alternatives to traditional lithography, the printable materials obtained from these methods are strictly limited to photocurable resins, thereby restricting the functionality of the printed objects and their application areas. Herein, we report a generalised direct optical printing technique to obtain functional metal chalcogenides via digital light processing. We developed universally applicable photocurable chalcogenidometallate inks that could be directly used to create 2D patterns or 3D architectures of various sizes and shapes. Our process is applicable to a diverse range of functional metal chalcogenides for compound semiconductors and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. We then demonstrated the feasibility of our technique by fabricating and evaluating a micro-scale thermoelectric generator bearing tens of patterned semiconductors. Our approach shows potential for simple and cost-effective architecturing of functional inorganic materials.