bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human microbiota drives hospital-associated antimicrobial resistance dissemination in the urban environment and mirrors patient case rates
Authors: Salazar Cecilia , Giménez Matias , Riera Nadia , Parada Andrés , Puig Josefina , Galiana Antonio , Grill Fabio , Vieytes Mariela , Mason Christopher E. , Antelo Verónica , D’Alessandro Bruno , Risso Jimena , Iraola Gregorio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe microbial community composition of urban environments is primarily determined by human activity. The use of metagenomics to explore how microbial communities are shaped in a city provides a novel input that can improve decisions on public health measures, architectural design, and urban resilience. Of note, the sewage system in a city acts as a complex reservoir of bacteria, pharmaceuticals, and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes that can be an important source of epidemiological information. Hospital effluents are rich in patient-derived bacteria and can thus readily become a birthplace and hotspot reservoir for antibiotic resistant pathogens which are eventually incorporated into the environment. Yet, the scope to which nosocomial outbreaks impact the urban environment is still poorly understood.ResultsIn this work, we extensively show that different urban waters from creeks, beaches, sewage spillways and collector pipes enclose discrete microbial communities that are characterized by a differential degree of contamination and admixture with human-derived bacteria. The abundance of human bacteria correlates with the abundance of AMR genes in the environment, with beta-lactamases being the top-contributing class to distinguish low vs. highly-impacted urban environments. Indeed, the abundance of beta-lactamase resistance and carbapenem resistance determinants in the urban environment significantly increased in a 1-year period. This was in line with a pronounced increase of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant infections reported during the same period that was mainly driven by an outbreak-causing, carbapenemase-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(KPC) ST-11 strain. Genome-resolved metagenomics of urban waters before and after this outbreak, coupled with high-resolution whole-genome sequencing, confirmed the dissemination of the ST-11 strain and a novel KPC megaplasmid from the hospital to the urban environment. City-wide analysis showed that geospatial dissemination of the KPC megaplasmid in the urban environment inversely depended on the sewage system infrastructure.ConclusionsWe show how urban metagenomics and outbreak genomic surveillance can be coupled to generate relevant information for infection control, antibiotic stewardship, and pathogen epidemiology. Our results highlight the need to better characterize and understand how human-derived bacteria and antimicrobial resistance disseminate in the urban environment to incorporate this information in the development of effluent treatment infrastructure and public health policies.
A behavioural activation intervention to increase engagement with life and wellbeing in older adults: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Scott Julia E. T. , Mazzucchelli Trevor G. , Luszcz Mary A. , Walker Ruth , Windsor Tim D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Meaningful activity engagement is a critical element of ageing well. Interventions designed to increase activity engagement tend to be activity-specific and do not always meet the needs of older adults with diverse interests and capacities. Behavioural activation (BA) provides a promising person-centred framework for promoting engagement in valued activities. This study will examine the effectiveness of a behavioural activation-based intervention for promoting engagement with life and wellbeing among older adults.

Method
Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two conditions (BA intervention, Active Control) and take part in a six-week intervention that consists of one-on-one weekly sessions of up to one hour to be administered either via telephone or online video conferencing with a trained facilitator. This study will recruit 120 + participants aged 65 + who score at or below the median on a test of life engagement. Participants will complete questionnaires of primary and secondary measures both pre-program, one-week and three months post-program. Participants will also complete a daily diary questionnaire during the fourth and fifth weeks of the intervention. The primary outcome measure is the Life Engagement Test, and secondary outcome measures include assessments of subjective wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, mental health, self-reported health, social engagement, loneliness and life satisfaction.

Discussion
The outcomes from this study will provide evidence as to whether a BA based approach represents an effective method for promoting engagement with life and wellbeing among older community-dwelling adults.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Reg no. ACTRN 12621001192875). Trial retrospectively registered 6th September, 2021.
Protein biomarkers in cervicovaginal lavages for detection of endometrial cancer
Authors: Łaniewski Paweł , Cui Haiyan , Mahnert Nichole D. , Mourad Jamal , Borst Matthew P. , Willmott Lyndsay , Chase Dana M. , Roe Denise J. , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Rates of endometrial cancer (EC) are increasing. For a definitive diagnosis, women undergo various time-consuming and painful medical procedures, such as endometrial biopsy with or without hysteroscopy, and dilation and curettage, which may create a barrier to early detection and treatment, particularly for women with inadequate healthcare access. Thus, there is a need to develop robust EC diagnostics based on non- or minimally-invasive sampling. The objective of this study was to quantify a broad range of immuno-oncology proteins in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples and investigate these proteins as predictive diagnostic biomarkers for EC.

Methods
One hundred ninety-two women undergoing hysterectomy for benign or malignant indications were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Classification of women to four disease groups: benign conditions (n = 108), endometrial hyperplasia (n = 18), low-grade endometrioid carcinoma (n = 53) and other EC subtypes (n = 13) was based on histopathology of biopsy samples collected after the surgery. CVL samples were collected in the operating room during the standard-of-care hysterectomy procedure. Concentrations of 72 proteins in CVL samples were evaluated using multiplex immunoassays. Global protein profiles were assessed using principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses. The relationships between protein levels and disease groups and disease severity were determined using Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate receiver operating characteristics, and logistic regression analyses.

Results
Women with EC and benign conditions exhibited distinctive cervicovaginal protein profiles. Several proteins in CVL samples (e.g., an immune checkpoint protein, TIM-3, growth factors, VEGF, TGF-α, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10) discriminated EC from benign conditions, particularly, when tested in combinations with CA19–9, CA125, eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, MDC, MCP-3 and TRAIL (sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 87.9%). Furthermore, specific biomarkers (e.g., TIM-3, VEGF, TGF-α, TRAIL, MCP-3, IL-15, PD-L2, SCF) associated with histopathological tumor characteristics, including histological type and grade, tumor size, presence and depth of myometrial invasion or mismatch repair protein status, implying their potential utility for disease prognosis or monitoring therapies.

Conclusions
This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that cervicovaginal sampling coupled with multiplex immunoassay technology can offer a minimally to non-invasive method for EC detection.
Personalised exercise therapy and self-management support for people with multimorbidity: Development of the MOBILIZE intervention
Authors: Bricca Alessio , Jäger Madalina , Dideriksen Mette , Rasmussen Hanne , Nyberg Mette , Pedersen Julie Rønne , Zangger Graziella , Andreasson Karen Hjerrild , Skou Søren T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, there is no intervention which includes personalised exercise therapy and self-management support for people with multimorbidity, although these interventions may be as effective as for people with single chronic conditions. Therefore, we developed a novel intervention, including personalised exercise therapy and self-management support for people with multimorbidity.MethodsWe followed the Medical Research Council framework and conducted one scoping review, five systematic reviews, two registry-based studies, one qualitative interview study and a mixed-methods feasibility study. Following an iterative approach, together with feedback from people with multimorbidity and relevant stakeholders, we developed the MOBILIZE intervention.ResultsThe intervention included 24 (60 minutes) sessions of personalised exercise therapy and 24 (30 minutes) sessions of self-management support twice a week for 12 weeks, delivered in small groups by specifically trained physiotherapists. The intervention targets physiological, psychosocial, behavioural, and contextual factors to improve health-related quality of life and physical function in people living with multimorbidity.ConclusionsWe developed a personalised exercise therapy and self-management support programme for people with multimorbidity. The intervention will be tested for its safety and effectiveness in a randomised controlled trial.
Improving outpatient care for heart failure through digital innovation: a feasibility study
Authors: Arnar David O. , Oddsson Saemundur J. , Gunnarsdottir Thrudur , Gudlaugsdottir Gudbjorg Jona , Gudmundsson Elias Freyr , Ketilsdóttir Audur , Halldorsdottir Hulda , Hrafnkelsdottir Thordis Jona , Hallsson Hallur , Amundadottir Maria L. , Thorgeirsson Tryggvi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) affects over 26 million people worldwide. Multidisciplinary management strategies that include symptom monitoring and patient self-care support reduce HF hospitalization and mortality rates. Ideally, HF follow-up and self-care support includes lifestyle-change recommendations and remote monitoring of weight and HF symptoms. Providing these via a digital solution may be ideal for improving HF disease outcomes and reducing the burden on providers and healthcare systems. This study’s main objective was to assess the feasibility of a digital solution including remote monitoring, lifestyle-change, and self-care support for HF outpatients in Iceland.

Methods
Twenty HF patients (mean age 57.5 years, 80% males) participated in an 8-week study. They were provided with a digital solution (SK-141), including lifestyle-change and disease self-care support, a remote symptom monitoring system, and a secure messaging platform between healthcare providers and patients. This feasibility study aimed to assess patient acceptability of this new intervention, retention rate, and to evaluate trends in clinical outcomes. To assess the acceptability of SK-141, participants completed a questionnaire about their experience after the 8-week study. Participants performed daily assigned activities (missions), including self-reporting symptoms. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire at the study's beginning and end with an online survey.

Results
Of the 24 patients invited, 20 were elected to participate. The retention rate of participants throughout the 8-week period was high (80%). At the end of the 8 weeks, thirteen participants completed a questionnaire about their experience and acceptability of the SK-141. They rated their experience positively including on questions whether they would recommend the solution to others (6.8 on a scale of 1–7), whether the solution had improved their life and well-being (5.7 on a scale of 1–7), and whether it was user friendly (5.5 on a scale of 1–7). Many of the clinical parameters studied exhibited a promising trend towards improvement over the 8-week period.

Conclusion
The digital solution, SK-141, was very acceptable to patients and also showed promising clinical results in this small feasibility study. These results encourage us to conduct a longer, more extensive, adequately powered, randomized-controlled study to assess whether this digital solution can improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes among HF patients.
Antidiabetic properties of an Ethanolic leaf extract of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey (Asteraceae) in SD rats
Authors: Adjei De-Graft Gyamfi , Mireku-Gyimah Nana Ama , Sarkodie Joseph Adusei , Nguessan Benoit Banga , Kodua Emmanuel , Amedior Jonathan Komla , Lartey Irene Asare , Adi-Dako Ofosua , Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius , Nyarko Alexander Kwadwo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major health problem, with a global prevalence of 9.3%, 4.7% in Africa, and 2.5% in Ghana. Despite the availability of the classic anti-diabetic medications, many patients have not benefited from them due to their poor glycemic controls, high costs, inability to halt disease progression, and untoward side effects. Some patients thus resort to plant-based medicines such as those obtained fromL. taraxacifoliaetc., which have little empirical evidence of efficacy. Therefore, this study investigated the possible antidiabetic effects of the leaf extracts ofL. taraxacifoliaand some potential mechanistic targets involved.MethodologyEthanolic extract ofL. taraxacifolialeaves (LTE) was screened for phytoconstituents and tested for blood glucose-lowering properties in both non-diabetic and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced (STZ-NAD) type-2 model diabetic rats for 4 weeks at doses of 500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg. Metformin (200 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were used as positive controls. Effects of LTE on blood glucose, serum lipids, hepatic gluconeogenesis, intestinal glucose absorption, liver enzymes, oral glucose tolerance, and rat organ weights were all studied. Pancreatic Islet histology was also conducted.ResultsThe ethanolic extract ofL. taraxacifolialeaves reduced fasting blood glucose levels and suppressed hyperglycemia during the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, hepatic gluconeogenesis and intestinal glucose absorption were inhibited. The extract lowered levels of liver enzymes, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Again, it reversed STZ-induced weight changes to the liver, kidneys, and pancreas as well as restored the morphology of the pancreatic Islet of Langerhans.ConclusionLaunaea taraxacifolialeaves extract (LTE) possesses anti-diabetic constituents and has the potential to repair diabetes-induced damages to the liver, kidney, and pancreatic Islets in SD rats.
Advances in the development of tubular structures using extrusion-based 3D cell-printing technology for vascular tissue regenerative applications
Authors: Yang Gi Hoon , Kang Donggu , An SangHyun , Ryu Jeong Yeop , Lee KyoungHo , Kim Jun Sik , Song Moon-Yong , Kim Young-Sik , Kwon Sang-Mo , Jung Won-Kyo , Jeong Woonhyeok , Jeon Hojun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Until recent, there are no ideal small diameter vascular grafts available on the market. Most of the commercialized vascular grafts are used for medium to large-sized blood vessels. As a solution, vascular tissue engineering has been introduced and shown promising outcomes. Despite these optimistic results, there are limitations to commercialization. This review will cover the need for extrusion-based 3D cell-printing technique capable of mimicking the natural structure of the blood vessel. First, we will highlight the physiological structure of the blood vessel as well as the requirements for an ideal vascular graft. Then, the essential factors of 3D cell-printing including bioink, and cell-printing system will be discussed. Afterwards, we will mention their applications in the fabrication of tissue engineered vascular grafts. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives will be discussed.
Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies
Authors: Dong Jiale , Wang Wenzhi , Zhou Wei , Zhang Siming , Li Meng , Li Ning , Pan Guoqing , Zhang Xianzuo , Bai Jiaxiang , Zhu Chen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to the surface of implants are often difficult to remove and exhibit high resistance to bactericides. In the quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional antimicrobial materials often fail to exert their function because they tend to focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting the modulation of immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host immune cells was thought to be a detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, the immune system has recently received increasing attention as a vital player in the host’s defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based on the modulation of host immune defenses are emerging as a field of interest. This review explains the importance of the immune system in combating infections and describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, the characteristics of traditional/conventional implant biomaterials and the reasons for the difficulty of bacterial clearance in IAI were reviewed. Second, the importance of immune cells in the battle against bacteria is elucidated. Then, we discuss how to design biomaterials that activate the defense function of immune cells to enhance the antimicrobial potential. Based on the key premise of restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying advanced immune-enhanced antimicrobial strategies were discussed. Finally, current issues and perspectives in this field were offered. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced anti-infective biomaterials.
Drag reducing nose fairings for existing freight train locomotives
Authors: Stucki Chad L. , Maynes Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt cruising speed, one of the most significant contributing factors to train fuel consumption is aerodynamic drag, and the leading locomotive experiences much more drag than any other car in the train. This work reports on the drag reduction that can be realized by the use of add-on nose fairings that are deployed on leading locomotives in a train set. Two types of fairing shapes were considered and all fairing walls are flat. It is anticipated that the fairing shapes would result from the deployment of easily stowed panels in an origami inspired manner. One of the fairing shapes has the appearance of a wedge and the other fairing is also wedge shaped, but with flow directing side wall features. For each general fairing shape, the important dimensions were parametrically varied in a systematic manner to identify the dimensions that yield maximum drag reduction. For the first shape, 45 different scenarios were considered; for the second shape, 15 were considered. A steady commercial computational fluid dynamic solver was employed to solve the flow field and locomotive drag for each of the scenarios. The best performing wedge-shaped fairing reduced the leading locomotive drag by nominally 14% and the best performing fairing shape with the side walls reduced the drag by 17%.
Modified homotopy perturbation method and its application to analytical solitons of fractional-order Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Alaje Adedapo Ismaila , Olayiwola Morufu Oyedunsi , Adedokun Kamilu Adewale , Adedeji Joseph Adeleke , Oladapo Asimiyu Olamilekan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Experimentally brought to light by Russell and hypothetically explained by Korteweg–de Vries, the KDV equation has drawn the attention of several mathematicians and physicists because of its extreme substantial structure in describing nonlinear evolution equations governing the propagation of weakly dispersive and nonlinear waves. Due to the prevalent nature and application of solitary waves in nonlinear dynamics, we discuss the soliton solution and application of the fractional-order Korteweg–de Vries (KDV) equation using a new analytical approach named the “Modified initial guess homotopy perturbation.”

Results
We established the proposed technique by coupling a power series function of arbitrary order with the renown homotopy perturbation method. The convergence of the method is proved using the Banach fixed point theorem. The methodology was demonstrated with a generalized KDV equation, and we applied it to solve linear and nonlinear fractional-order Korteweg–de Vries equations, which are in Caputo sense. The method’s applicability and effectiveness were established as a feasible series of arbitrary orders that accelerate quickly to the exact solution at an integer order and are obtained as solutions. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of Caputo fractional-order derivatives in the dispersion and propagation of water waves by varying the order $$\alpha$$
α
on the $$[0,1]$$

[
0
,
1
]

interval. Comparative analysis of the simulation results, which were presented graphically and discussed, reveals that the degree of freedom of the Caputo fractional-order derivative is vital to controlling the magnitude of environmental hazards associated with water waves when adjusted.

Conclusion
The proposed method is recommended for obtaining convergent series solutions to fractional-order partial differential equations. We suggested that applied mathematicians and physicists investigate this work to better understand the impact of the degree of freedom posed by Caputo fractional-order derivatives in wave dispersion and propagation, as physical applications can help divert wave-related environmental hazards.
Distribution and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Zhehang , Qi Yadong , He Jiamin , Xu Chaochao , Ge Qiwei , Zhuo Wei , Si Jianmin , Chen Shujie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has been shown to play an important role in the amplification of tumor genes and the maintenance of intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, although its complex functional mechanism still remains to be elucidated. As the top three common malignancies in the world, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been threatening human life and health, whose tumorigenesis and development may have elusive connection with eccDNAs. Here, we described the extensive distribution of eccDNAs in the CRC tissues using Circle-seq, which range in size from hundreds to thousands of base pairs (bp). The distribution in tumor tissues had aggregation and tendency compared with random in tumor-adjacent tissues, accompanied with smaller and more regular circle lengths. After sequencing and restoring, we found that the shedding sites of eccDNAs in CRC had similar tendency in chromosome distribution, and focused on tumor-associated genes. Meanwhile, we combined RNA sequencing to explore the correlation of eccDNA differential expression in the gene transcription and signaling pathways, confirming a connection between eccDNA and RNA somewhere. Subsequently, we validated eccDNAs in CRC cell lines and the potential consistency of the junction sites of eccDNAs in CRC tissues and cell lines. Using fragments of the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A1 to synthesize eccDNAs, we discovered the role of eccDNAs in different regions within the gene.
Charlotte Mew: melancholy poet
Authors: Callender John 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe main purpose of this article is to draw the attention of its readers to Charlotte Mew, a poet who is not well-known but whose work should be of great interest to mental health clinicians. She lived most of her life in the shadow of mental illness. Her poetry provides penetrating insights into her experiences of this in herself and in members of her family.