bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flexible Variational Registration Framework
Authors: Schmidt-Richberg Alexander , Werner René , Handels Heinz , Ehrhardt Jan 
Published: January 2022

In this article, we present an implementation of a flexible framework for non-parametric variational image registration, realized as part of ITK’s finite difference solver hierarchy.In a variational registration setting, the transformation is found by minimizing an energy functional that consists of (at least) two terms: a distance measure between fixed and transformed moving image and a smoothness condition for the transformation. The specific choice of these terms depends on the particular application and requires consideration of, for example, image content and imaging modalities. Following this view, the presented framework can be seen as a generalization of the demons algorithm in which two key aspects remain exchangeable: the force term (or registration function, according to the distance measure) and the regularizer (according to the smoothness condition). Moreover, two transformation models are realized: either a dense displacement field or a stationary velocity field to restrain the transformation to the space of diffeomorphisms.In its current state, the framework includes implementations of forces based on the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and the demons algorithm as well as Gaussian, diffusion and elastic smoothing. However, the implementation of further components is possible and encouraged.
Noise simulation
Authors: Lehmann Gaetan 
Published: January 2022

Several kind of noise can be found in real images, mostly depending on the modality of acquisition. It is often useful to be able to simulate that noise, for example to test the behavior of an algorithm in the presence of a known amount of noise.This contribution provides the filters to generate four kind of noise – additive gaussian, shot, speckle and salt and pepper – as well as a PSNR calculator.
An Implementation of Parallel Fast Marching Using the Message Passing Interface
Authors: Hobbs Kevin 
Published: January 2022

This document introduces a program based on the algorithm described by Maria Cristina Tugurlan. The program uses file readers, image filters, and file writers from the Insight Toolkit ITK www.itk.org. It produces as output an image whose values are the times of first arrival of a wavefront that spreads from seed points with a speed at every point equal to the input image intensity. It performs the computation in parallel on distributed memory computers using the Message Passing Interface MPI. Each MPI process reads a small piece of the input image into memory. It computes fast marching on its piece. It sends and receives the values from fast marching at piece boundaries. It recalculates fast marching a number of times set from the command line using the new boundary values each time. Each MPI process writes only a small piece of the output file.A substantial difference is seen when the output of MPI fast marching is compared to the output of serial fast marching. This difference may be acceptable for some uses. The program should be able to handle input images that are too large to fit in the memory of a single computer.
Changes to itk::PathToImageFilter.
Authors: Pincus Zachary 
Published: January 2022

I have made some changes to make itk::PathToImageFilter to make it a usable base class. There were some problems with the CVS version, including: (1) this ase classhad actual filter functionality, (2) the mechanism for specifying the size, spacing, origin, etc., of the output image was incomplete, contrary to ITK convention, and hard to extend, and (3) the documentation specified that the filter would calculate the size of the output image from the path, but it did not.I solved these problems by (1) moving the filter functionality to itk::TracePathOnImageFilter, (2) requiring that filter->GetOutput()->Set…(…) should be used to set the information for the output image, and (3) providing methods to calculate the correct image region a path inhabits, and a boolean flag to specify whether that calculation should be done (default true).
ItkImageFunctionImageFilter: A New Filter To Apply An itkImageFunction To Every Pixel In An itkImage
Authors: Doria David 
Published: January 2022

This document presents a new class to apply an itkImageFunction to every pixel in an itkImage. This functionality is almost identical to itkUnaryFunctorImageFilter, but it uses an itkImageFunction rather than an itk::Functor. As some functionalities in ITK seem to have been implemented as image functors (itk::Functor::AND, itk::Functor::Atan, etc.) while other seems to have been implemented as itkImageFunction’s (itk::BinaryThresholdImageFunction, itk::CentralDifferenceImageFunction, etc.), it seems reasonable to be able to apply any of these operations to an entire image.The code is available here: http://review.source.kitware.com/#change,2008
Impact of Surgeon Experience on Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Patel Madhav R. , Jacob Kevin C. , Shah Vivek P. , Pawlowski Hanna , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Prabhu Michael C. , Singh Kern 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The relationship between surgeon experience and cervical fusion outcomes has yet to be assessed. We investigate perioperative characteristics, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) by the volume of cases done throughout an orthopaedic spine surgeon's career.

Methods:
ACDF procedures between 2005 and 2020 were identified. Group I included the first half of ACDF cases (#1-#321). PROMs were introduced in the second half of the ACDF cases; thus, the next 322 cases were subdivided to compare PROM and MCID between subgroups (cases #322 to #483 = group II and #484 to #645 = group III). PROMs, including VAS back/leg, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-12 Physical Composite Score, and PROMIS-PF, were collected preoperatively/postoperatively. Demographics, perioperative variables, mean PROMs, and MCID achievement were compared between groups and subgroups using the Student t-test and chi-square. Logistic regression evaluated MCID achievement using the established threshold values.

Results:
A total of 642 patients were included (320 in group I, 161 in group II, and 161 in group III). The latter cases had significantly decreased surgical time, blood loss, and postoperative length of stay in comparison of groups and subgroups (P ≤ 0.002, all). CT-confirmed 1-year arthrodesis rates were increased among the latter cases (P = 0.045). Group II had significantly higher arthrodesis rates than group III (P = 0.039). The postoperative complication rates were lower in the latter cases (P < 0.001, all), whereas subgroup analysis revealed lower incidence of urinary retention and other complications in group III (P ≤ 0.031, all). Mean PROMs were significantly inferior in group II versus group III for VAS neck at 6 months (P = 0.030), Neck Disability Index at 6 months preoperatively (P ≤ 0.022, both), Short Form-12 Physical Composite Score at 12 weeks/2 years (P ≤ 0.047, both), and PROMIS-PF at 12 weeks/6 months (P ≤ 0.036, both). The MCID attainment rates were higher among group III for VAS neck/Neck Disability Index at 2 years (P ≤ 0.005) and overall achievement across all PROMs (P ≤ 0.015, all).

Discussion:
Increased ACDF case volume may lead to markedly decreased surgical time, blood loss, and length of postoperative stay as well as improved clinical outcomes in pain, disability, and physical function.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Menulis (Writing) melalui Metode ASSURE Terintegrasi dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (PjBL) pada Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Priwati Nurul Budi 
Published: January 2022

Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris Kurikulum 2013 untuk mencapai kompetensi diharapkan, salah satunya tercermin dalam kemampuan siswa melakukan langkah-langkah komunikasi, baik secara lisan maupun tertulis, tujuan dalam pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar materi menulis (writing) dengan menggunakan desain pembelajaran ASSURE terintegrasi dengan Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (PjBL) pada siswa kelas VIID di SMP Negeri 4 Gresik. Penelitian tindakan ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 4 Gresik, pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2021/2022, dan yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIID yang berjumlah 32 siswa, dilakukan dalam 2 siklus PTK. Hasil penelitian adalah diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan menulis (writing) melalui metode ASSURE yang terintegrasi dengan pembelajaran berbasis projek.
Implikasi Pelaksanaan Reses Anggota DPRD terhadap Daerah Pemilihan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan
Authors: Siagian Nalom , Zagoto Deskarnial , Situmorang Imelda Bintang Kasih 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai Implikasi Pelaksanaan Reses Anggota DPRD Terhadap Daerah Pemilihan Di Kabupaten Nias Selatan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskriptifkan pelaksanaan reses, mendeskripsikan implikasi pelaksanaan reses terhadap daerah pemilihan, untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan adanya manfaat pelaksanaan Reses Anggota DPRD Kabupaten Nias Selatan serra mendeskripsikan adanya implikasi pelaksaan reses terhadap daerah pemilihan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan informaan Unsur Pimpinan dan Anggota DPRD Kabupaten Nias selatan dan masyarakat sebagai konstituen di daerah pemilihan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif model Miles dan Huberman. yaitu: Pengumpulan Data, Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data dan Penarikan Kesimpulan, hasil yang diperoleh diantaranya, Dinamika masa reses DPRD Kabupaten Nias selatan menunjukkan gejala kurang produktif bagi peningkatan kinerja legislatif. Hasil reses belum terdokumentasikan secara utuh dan tidak terstruktur sehingga kurang dapat dijadikan pegangan dalam penyusunan program Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Penyerapan aspirasi rakyat melalui reses oleh anggota DPRD Kabupaten Nias Selatan hanya menjadi mekanisme rutin tanpa makna, Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa hasil dan realisasi reses anggota DPRD tidak terakomodir sehingga masyarakat tidak merasakan realisasi dari reses sebagai wadah aspirasi mereka.
Social Responsibility And Entrepreneurial Business Planning: Empirical Study On Algerian SME's Sample
Authors: BIBI Walid , GHARBI Omar Farouk , HAMMADI Afaf 
Published: January 2022

The good preparation for the project awareness of what is happening in the external and internal environment is crucial, and the outcome of the business is an important tool when creating the institution, because it allows the contractor to possess a clear vision of the work environment and face a different future threats, in order to clarify what has already been dealt with business scheme as one of the modern management tools used in project management, highlighting its importance and the various stages of development for the new owners of new ventures. As it is the practical side of a field study on a group of owners of the new institutions, in order to diagnose a look Algerian entrepreneur for the business plan, And the extent of the Algerian entrepreneur planning to the theme of social responsibility during the preparation to launch the new venture.
The effectiveness of corporate governance in adhering to business ethics and social responsibility in family businesses to achieve sustainable development dimensions - A statistical reading of Algeria experience in the field of governance and business eth
Authors: SAIDANI Mouhamed Said , MEHAOUAT Labidi , BEKKAYE Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

The study aimed at revealing thcve nature of the relationship between corporate governance and business ethics in family businesses in Algeria. In order to clarify the relationship, the aspects of impact were analyzed in 07 key areas: Protection of minority shareholders’ interests PMSI, Ethical behavior of firms EBF, Strength of auditing and reporting standards SARS, Efficiency enhancers EE, Ethics and corruption CORR, Ease of access to loans EAL, Goods market efficiency GME, Using the statistical program SPSS 24 to study associative relationships and derive long-term dynamic relationships, the results showed a long-term balance between corporate governance and broader ethics In five key aspects: Protection of minority shareholders’ interests PMSI, Ethical behavior of firms EBF, Strength of auditing and reporting standards SARS, Efficiency enhancers EE, Goods market efficiency GME, with no relationship between corporate governance and Ethics and corruption CORR, Ease of access to loans EAL, This leads us to say that there is a long-term dynamic balance between institutional governance and business ethics in family businesses in Algeria. The study therefore recommends further structural institutional reforms if any future governance or institutional effectiveness is to be achieved.
The Requirements of International Accounting Standards to Ensure Effectively Apply the Inventory Measurement Requirements Contained In the (Scf) In Light Of the Covid-19
Authors: KADRI Abdelkader 
Published: January 2022

This article aims to highlight key accounting and financial reporting impacts of COVID-19 to be considered by companies. In that, inventory is selected as a sample for the study, in that this study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, as this study has concluded several results, the most important that the proper accounting treatment of inventory under these-19 used to reduce the carrying value to realizable value.
Contributions to the knowledge of Eylaoidea (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) from China
Authors: Li Hai-Tao , Jin Dao-Chao , Yi Tian-Ci , Guo Jian-Jun 
Published: January 2022

This paper enriches the taxonomic study of Eylaoidea Leach, 1816 from China. Eylais (Meteylais) hamata Koenike, 1897 is described to improve the taxonomy of adult Eylaidae Leach, 1816. Meanwhile, a new genus and a new species Pentachares sinensis Li &#38; Guo gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated, which belongs to the subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae Lundblad, 1936 in the family Limnocharidae Grube, 1859. The diagnosis of Rhyncholimnocharinae is modified. Rhyncholimnocharinae is first reported for Chinese fauna. A new key is provided for the subfamilies, genera and subgenera of Limnocharidae.
Tiered Somatic Variant Classification Adoption Has Increased Worldwide With Some Practice Differences Based on Location and Institutional Setting
Authors: Bruehl Frido K. , Kim Annette S. , Li Marilyn M. , Lindeman Neal I. , Moncur Joel T. , Souers Rhona J. , Vasalos Patricia , Voelkerding Karl V. , Xian Rena R. , Surrey Lea F. 
Published: January 2022

Context.—
The 2017 Association for Molecular Pathology/American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (CAP) tier classification guideline provides a framework to standardize interpretation and reporting of somatic variants.

Objective.—
To evaluate the adoption and performance of the 2017 guideline among laboratories performing somatic next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Design.—
A survey was distributed to laboratories participating in NGS CAP proficiency testing for solid tumors (NGSST) and hematologic malignancies (NGSHM).

Results.—
Worldwide, 64.4% (152 of 236) of NGSST and 66.4% (87 of 131) of NGSHM participants used tier classification systems, of which the 2017 guideline was used by 84.9% (129 of 152) of NGSST and 73.6% (64 of 87) of NGSHM participants. The 2017 guideline was modified by 24.4% (30 of 123) of NGSST and 21.7% (13 of 60) of NGSHM laboratories. Laboratories implementing the 2017 guideline were satisfied or very satisfied (74.2% [89 of 120] NGSST and 69.5% [41 of 59] NGSHM), and the impression of tier classification reproducibility was high (mean of 3.9 [NGSST] and 3.6 [NGSHM] on a 5-point scale). Of nonusers, 35.2% (38 of 108) of NGSST and 39.4% (26 of 66) of NGSHM laboratories were planning implementation. For future guideline revisions, respondents favored including variants to monitor disease (63.9% [78 of 122] NGSST, 80.0% [48 of 60] NGSHM) and germline variants (55.3% [63 of 114] NGSST, 75.0% [45 of 60] NGSHM). Additional subtiers were not favored by academic laboratories compared to nonacademic laboratories (P &lt; .001 NGSST and P = .02 NGSHM).

Conclusions.—
The 2017 guideline has been implemented by more than 50.0% of CAP laboratories. While most laboratories using the 2017 guideline report satisfaction, thoughtful guideline modifications may further enhance the quality, reproducibility, and clinical utility of the 2017 guideline for tiered somatic variant classification.
The Perils of the Pandemic and India's Child Victims of Covid-19
Authors: Sil Suparba , Dhar Ruby , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The following paper attempts to trace the impact of Covid-19 on the younger generation, mostly from economically underprivileged sections, by focusing on specific themes such as health, education, vulnerability to abuse, and violence. The paper tries to address how the pandemic has affected various dimensions of the lives of these younger generation-children and adolescents, alongside tracing the measures taken by the government in the fight against the virus.
Methods: We curated the information based on credible data as published in leading news media, PMC published peer-reviewed materials
Conclusions: The paper concludes with recommendations that a coherent government policy and the active participation of NGOs are needed to address the problem. The children's mental health needs to be dealt with utmost care at home, which will pave the way towards a better future for the younger generation during and after the pandemic.
Certitudes négatives y docta ignorantia
Authors: González Ríos José , Pizzi Matías Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

The presence of Neoplatonism in contemporary french phenomenology has a pregnance that crosses its most relevant points. Jean-Luc Marion's work does not escape this. In this work we approach the marionian appropriation of Nicholas of Cusa's thought, in the light of his writing Certitudes négatives (2010), with the intention of understanding the cusanu´s ignorant doctrine as a way of negative certainty.
La presencia del neoplatonismo en la fenomenología francesa contemporánea posee una pregnancia que atraviesa sus puntos más relevantes. La obra de Jean-Luc Marion no escapa a esto. En este trabajo abordamos la apropiación marioniana del pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa, a la luz de su escrito Certitudes négatives (2010), con la intención de comprender la doctrina ignorante del Cusano como un modo de certeza negativa.
Audit Committee Competence and Earnings Management in Europe
Authors: Zarza Herranz César , Reguera Alvarado Nuria , López Iturriaga Felix J. 
Published: January 2022

This study analyses the association between the competence of audit committee members and earnings management in a sample of 142 non-financial firms from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom over the 2006–2013 period. We measure members’ competence through their dedication and expertise. We find that outside directorships have a dual effect, such that a balanced level of dedication to the audit committee (roughly two outside directorships) reduces earnings management. We examine four types of expertise: audit, non-audit accounting, non-accounting financial, and supervisory expertise. We find a negative relation between earnings management and the audit experience of committee members, and that the other types of expertise play no relevant role. We also find that the contribution of audit experts to curbing earnings management proves particularly important in smaller and less active committees, as well as in smaller and busier boards.
Este estudio analiza la asociación entre la competencia de los miembros del Comité de Auditoría y la gestión de los beneficios en una muestra de 142 empresas no financieras de Francia, Alemania, Italia, España y el Reino Unido durante el período 2006-2013. Se mide la competencia de los miembros a través de su dedicación y experiencia. Se descubre que el cargo de consejero externo tiene un efecto doble, de modo que un nivel equilibrado de dedicación al comité de auditoría (aproximadamente dos cargos de consejero externo) reduce la gestión de beneficios. Se examinan igualmente cuatro tipos de experiencia: de auditoría, contable no relacionada con la auditoría, financiera no contable y de supervision, encontrándose una relación negativa entre la gestión de beneficios y la experiencia en auditoría de los miembros del comité, y que los otros tipos de experiencia no desempeñan ningún papel relevante. También se descubre que la contribución de los expertos en auditoría para limitar la gestión de beneficios resulta especialmente importante en los comités más pequeños y menos activos, así como en los consejos más pequeños y más ocupados.
The economic impact of audit failures
Authors: De Fuentes Barberá Cristina , Porcuna Rubén 
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the economic consequences associated with an audit failure in the field of statutory auditing services, by analyzing changes in the audit firm’s market share around the time of the investigation process undertaken by the Spanish Public Oversight Board.
We explore the variations in audit market share by applying the difference in differences method to a treatment group of 70 sanctioned audit firms and a matched control group of 70 non-sanctioned audit firms. The period of analysis covers the years from 1999 to 2015. Our results show that the sanctioned audit firms suffered a significant decrease in their relative number of clients. Moreover, this measure of market share decreased not only after the publication of the sanction disclosure (which may be attributed to reputational losses) but also after the initiation of the investigation (which may be attributed to the firm’s reluctance to audit risky clients). Findings are similar for both small and large firms when the market share is measured in terms of clients, whereas the evidence is weak concerning variations in their turnover-based market share. Our conclusions could be of interest for audit firms and also for audit regulators when designing disciplinary systems.
Este trabajo examina las consecuencias económicas asociadas a un fallo de auditoría en el ámbito de los servicios de auditoría legal, analizando los cambios en la cuota de mercado de la firma de auditoría en torno al momento del proceso de investigación emprendido por el Consejo de Supervisión Pública español.
Exploramos las variaciones en la cuota de mercado de la auditoría aplicando el método de diferencia en diferencias a un grupo de tratamiento de 70 firmas de auditoría sancionadas y a un grupo de control emparejado de 70 firmas de auditoría no sancionadas. El periodo de análisis abarca los años comprendidos entre 1999 y 2015. Nuestros resultados muestran que las firmas de auditoría sancionadas sufrieron un descenso significativo en su número relativo de clientes. Además, esta medida de la cuota de mercado disminuyó no sólo después de la publicación de la comunicación de la sanción (lo que puede atribuirse a las pérdidas de reputación), sino también después del inicio de la investigación (lo que puede atribuirse a la reticencia de la empresa a auditar clientes de riesgo). Los resultados son similares tanto para las pequeñas como para las grandes empresas cuando la cuota de mercado se mide en términos de clientes, mientras que la evidencia es débil en lo que respecta a las variaciones de su cuota de mercado basada en el volumen de negocio. Nuestras conclusiones podrían ser de interés para las firmas de auditoría y también para los reguladores de la auditoría a la hora de diseñar sistemas disciplinarios.