bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinformation, hoaxes, curation and verification: review of studies in Ibero-America 2017-2020
Authors: Guallar Javier , Codina Lluís , Freixa Pere , Pérez-Montoro Mario 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this article is to carry out a review of disinformation research in the Ibero-American area between 2017 and 2020. To do this, American Psychological Association standards for social scientific reviews are followed and about 60 papers published in indexed journals in Ibero-America are analyzed, as well as published books on the subject. The results are shown grouped into three parts. First, the three fundamental concepts related to disinformation are reviewed: the term of disinformation itself, as well as post-truth and infodemic. Second, the main disinformation products are studied: fake news, information disorders and hoaxes, according to their types, themes, formats, and channels. In the third part, the main strategies against disinformation are presented, reviewing the published works of two of them: content curation and fact checking. The most notable authors, by quantity of research, on the subject are Magallón-Rosa with 6 works, Ufarte-Ruiz with 4 and García-Marín with 3 works. Likewise, the studies by Dolors Palau-Sampio (2018. Fact-checking y vigilancia del poder: La verificación del discurso público en los nuevos medios de América Latina [Fact-checking and surveillance of power: The verification of public discourse in Latin America’s new media]. Communication & Society 31(3). 347–365), Ángel Vizoso & Jorge Vázquez-Herrero (2019. Plataformas de fact checking en español. Características, organización y método [Fact checking platforms in Spanish. Characteristics, organization and method]. Communication & Society 32(1). 127–144), and Carlos Rodríguez-Pérez (2019. No diga fake news, di desinformación: Una revisión sobre el fenómeno de las noticias falsas y sus implicaciones [Don’t say fake news, say disinformation: A review of the fake news phenomenon and its implications]. Comunicación 40. 65–74), can be highlighted for their analysis of disinformation in the Ibero-American area; for their analysis of the typologies of hoaxes the work of Ramón Salaverría, Nataly Buslón, Fernando López-Pan, Bienvenido León, Ignacio López-Goñi & María-Carmen Erviti (2020. Desinformación en tiempos de pandemia: tipología de los bulos sobre la covid-19 [Disinformation in times of pandemic: Typology of Covid-19 hoaxes]. El profesional de la información 29(3). e290315) and for the proposals on curation the works of López-Borrull with collaborators. Conclusions include that the phenomenon of disinformation is highly polyhedral, but society has instruments to deal with it, such as curation and verification (fact checking).
The Cultural Dimension of the Globalization Divide. Do Lifestyle Signals affect Cosmopolitans’ Willingness to interact?
Authors: Ollroge Rasmus , Sawert Tim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the context of the rise of right-wing populist parties in the past decades, many researchers have addressed the question of increasing social polarization and threats to social cohesion. In this article, we contribute to this discussion by looking at the cultural side of the globalization divide from the perspective of cleavage theory. More precisely, we ask if respondents interpret lifestyle characteristics as signals for the socio-political position of others and whether these attributions influence the willingness to interact socially. Based on data from a factorial survey experiment, we show that cosmopolitans categorize other persons based on different lifestyle characteristics and are more likely to interact with those who have a similar cosmopolitan lifestyle.
Socioeconomic influence on treatment with liothyronine and desiccated thyroid extract in Denmark
Authors: la Cour Jeppe Lerche , Møllehave Line Tang , Medici Bjarke Røssner , Jensen Christian Zinck , Bjerregaard Anne Ahrendt , Nygaard Birte 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
High compared with low educational level increases the odds of starting levothyroxine (L-T4) with a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone – the mechanism is most likely patient request. The use of liothyronine (L-T3) and desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) is also speculated to be initiated at patients’ request. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate if educational level influences treatment with L-T3 and DTE.

Material and methods
In this register-based cross-sectional study, we included all Danish citizens ≥30 years with redeemed prescription of L-T4, L-T3, or DTE during 2017–2020. We defined educational levels as short, medium, and long (<10 years, 10–12 years, and above 12 years, respectively). The association between educational level and treatment with LT3 or DTE vs only LT4 was analyzed in logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex.

Results
We included 154,360 individuals using thyroid medication of whom 3829 were treated with L-T3 (2.48%) and 430 with DTE (0.28%). The usage was highest among women (3.15%) and the age group 40–49 (5.6%). Longer education compared with short increased the odds of being treated with DTE or L-T3 (medium education odds ratio (OR) 1.61 (95% CI 1.50–1.8) and long education OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.79–2.13)). Test for trend: OR: 1.37 (95% CI 1.31–1.42). Adjustment for other covariates did not affect the results substantially.

Conclusion
Persons with a longer compared to a shorter education are more often treated with either DTE or L-T3, and the usage of these drugs is limited to less than 3% of thyroid hormone users.
What happens when transition metal trichalcogenides are interfaced with gold?
Authors: Dhingra Archit , Nikonov Dmitri E. , Lipatov Alexey , Sinitskii Alexander , Dowben Peter A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) are two-dimensional (2D) systems with quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) chains. These 2D materials are less susceptible to undesirable edge defects, which enhances their promise for low-dimensional optical and electronic device applications. However, so far, the performance of 2D devices based on TMTs has been hampered by contact-related issues. Therefore, in this review, a diligent effort has been made to both elucidate and summarize the interfacial interactions between gold and various TMTs, namely, In4Se3, TiS3, ZrS3, HfS3, and HfSe3. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data, supported by the results of electrical transport measurements, provide insights into the nature of interactions at the Au/In4Se3, Au/TiS3, Au/ZrS3, Au/HfS3, and Au/HfSe3 interfaces. This may help identify and pave a path toward resolving the contemporary contact-related problems that have plagued the performance of TMT-based nanodevices.
Graphical abstract
I–V characteristics of (a) TiS3, (b) ZrS3, and (c) HfS3
Automatic Derivation of Memoryless Policies and Finite-State Controllers Using Classical Planners
Authors: Bonet Blai , Palacios Héctor , Geffner Héctor 
Published: September 2022

Finite-state and memoryless controllers are simple action selection mechanisms widely used in domains such as video-games and mobile robotics. Memoryless controllers stand for functions that map observations into actions, while finite-state controllers generalize memoryless ones with a finite amount of memory. In contrast to the policies obtained from MDPs and POMDPs, finite-state controllers have two advantages: they are often extremely compact, involving a small number of controller states or none at all, and they are general, applying to many problems and not just one. A limitation of finite-state controllers is that they must be written by hand. In this work, we address this limitation, and develop a method for deriving finite-state controllers automatically from models. These models represent a class of contingent problems where actions are deterministic and some fluents are observable. The problem of deriving a controller from such models is converted into a conformant planning problem that is solved using classical planners, taking advantage of a complete translation introduced recently. The controllers derived in this way are 'general' in the sense that they do not solve the original problem only, but many variations as well, including changes in the size of the problem or in the uncertainty of the initial situation and action effects. Experiments illustrating the derivation of such controllers are presented.
Seroprevalence and its associated risk factors of Bovine Neosporosis and Bovine Viral Diarrhea in cattle of Tilottama municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Aasish Gautam , Sulav Dhakal , Umesh Sharma , Dojraj Khanal , Krishna Kaphle 
Published: September 2022

Background: Bovine Neosporosis (BN) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) are economically significant livestock disease that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in cattle and buffalo caused by protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) respectively. The burden of production and economic loss due to infectious reproductive diseases are still unknown in the various location of Nepal. Objectives: To overview the prevalence of bovine neosporosis and bovine viral diarrhea infection in a commercially important livestock herd from Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional purposive study was conducted through a questionnaire survey to collect demographic and farm characteristics information. In total 92 serum samples from jugular veins were collected from a different herd of Tilottama Municipality of Rupandehi, Nepal. The antibody against BVDV was tested using the competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). Results: The individual animal-wise apparent prevalence was 9.78% with a true prevalence of 9.70% (5.09 - 17.57) and 3.26% with a true prevalence of 3.10%; CI (0.93 - 9.06) for BN and BVD respectively. The risk factor history of abortion was associated significantly with BN and BVD seropositivity (p < 0.05). Animals in the mixed farming system and contact with dogs were associated significantly with the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea and bovine neosporosis respectively at (p < 0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: The stuy indicated the circulation of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy herds of the study area. It is suggested that the stakeholders in the study area should be sensitized to the impact of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in dairy herds and include both diseases in the regional and national surveillance system.
Mathematical model of financing the education system in the form of optimal control problem and its application
Authors: Чернова Е.С. , Леонтьева А.О. 
Published: September 2022

Целью статьи является разработка общей методики расчета оптимального финансирования системы образования. Для реализации поставленной цели были использованы методы теории оптимальных дискретных процессов. Построена модель, где в качестве фазовых переменных рассматривалась численность обучающихся на различных уровнях образования, а в качестве параметров управления – расходы бюджета по статьям. Сформулирован алгоритм решения задачи об оптимальном распределении расходов, который применен на примере как Российской Федерации в целом, так и на уровне отдельного региона – Новосибирской области. Определены статьи расходов федерального и областного бюджетов, в которые рекомендуется внести корректировки.
The purpose of the article is to develop a general methodology for calculating the optimal financing of the education system. To achieve this goal, methods of optimal discrete processes theory were used: model was built where the number of students at various levels of education was considered as phase variables, and budget expenditures by items were considered as control parameters. Algorithm for solving the problem of the optimal distribution of expenditures is formulated, which is applied on the example of both the Russian Federation as a whole and at the level of a separate region - the Novosibirsk region. The items of expenditure of the federal and regional budgets are identified, in which it is recommended to make adjustments.
On the relations of uncertainties in the information-timeresources tryad arising in the decision-making proces
Authors: Клименко И.С. , Палкин Е.А. 
Published: September 2022

Рассмотрена проблема выбора управленческих решений в условиях ограничений информации, необходимой для принятия решения, времени и иных ресурсов. На основе семантики принципа дополнительности Бора в его макроскопической интерпретации проанализирована неоднородная связь параметров, характеризующих степень неопределенности ситуации принятия решения. Сформулированы и обоснованы соотношения неопределенностей, связывающие информацию, порождаемую лицом, принимающим решение, время и иные ресурсы, затрачиваемые на принятие решения. Обращено внимание на трехпараметрический характер обсуждаемой оптимизационной задачи.
The problem of choosing management decisions under the conditions of limitations of the information necessary for decision-making, time and other resources is considered. Based on the semantics of the Bohr complementarity principle in its macroscopic interpretation, the heterogeneous relationship of parameters characterizing the degree of uncertainty of the decision-making situation is analyzed. The relations of uncertainties linking the information generated by the decision-maker, time and other resources spent on decision-making are formulated and justified. Attention is drawn to the three-parameter nature of the optimization problem under discussion.
Methodological approach to training the skills of flight crew of aircraft complexes for detection and recognition of typical targets by opto-electronic homing radiar heads of controlled aviation weapons of the class “air – surface”
Authors: Аль Сафтли Ф.Х. , Баланян С.Т. , Егоров П.С. , Коновальцев Э.В. , Сазонов В.М. 
Published: September 2022

Представлена методика тренировки навыков по обнаружению и распознаванию летными экипажами типовых целей оптико-электронными головками самонаведения (телевизионными и тепловизионными) управляемых авиационных средств поражения класса «воздух – поверхность» в составе авиационных носителей. Данный подход применим для тренировки навыков по обнаружению целей радиолокационными системами наведения.
A technique for training skills in detecting and recognizing typical targets by flight crews by optoelectronic homing heads (television and thermal imaging) of air-to-surface guided aircraft weapons as part of aircraft carriers is presented. This approach is applicable for training skills in target detection by radar guidance systems.
Antiepileptic drug adherence among children with epilepsy attending a tertiary hospital in Rivers state, Nigeria
Authors: Gabriel-Job Nneka , Wobo Kininyiruchi N. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures which can affect the cognitive, social and the psychological wellbeing of a child. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) adherence is necessary for good control of seizure. However, several factors can affect the adherence level among children. This present study sought to determine the factors associated with adherence to antiepileptic drugs among children with epilepsy in university of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among children with a diagnosis of epilepsy attending the Paediatrics Neurology Clinic of the UPTH over a 6-month period from June 2021 to December 2021. AED adherence was determined by self-report of their AED use in the month preceding the study. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis, test for association between subgroups was carried out using Chi-square test while the difference between means was determined using the Students t-test.Results: A total of 94 children with epilepsy participated in this study. Forty-nine (52.1%) were females and 45 (47.9%) males. The mean age was 7.34 years. Thirty-eight (40.0%) had seizure control, adherence to AED was found among 39 (41.5%). Age ≤5 years (p-0.04, OR 2.4, CI 1.00-5.50), being a female (p-0.002, OR 2.8, CI 0.18-6.54), patients from upper socioeconomic class (p<0.001, OR 8.8, CI 2.27-29.5), monotherapy (p-0.007, OR 5.4, CI 1.45-19.9) and low monthly income (p-0.03, OR 0.4, CI 0.17-0.90) were factors found to significantly determine adherence to AEDs.Conclusions: AED adherence is poor among children. Making drugs affordable and availability as well as adequate and continuous counselling of care givers and patients is important to ensure adherence to AED.
Knowledge attitude and behavior practices regarding clinical presentation, transmission, preventive measures and management of malaria and dengue among the health care personnel
Authors: Dudi Jitendra Kumar , Dogne Chandragopal , Afrin Sana , Singh Abhay , Raghunath Deepa , S. B. Bansal , Dixit Shivam , Narendranath R. 
Published: September 2022

Background: According to WHO, in 2020, there were an estimated 241 million cases of malaria worldwide. The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 627000 in 2020. Similarly, the global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically with about half of the world's population now at risk. The present study is an attempt to assess the knowledge attitude and behaviour practices regarding clinical presentation, transmission, preventive measures and management of malaria and dengue among the health care personnel (HCPs).Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of community medicine, MGM medical college Indore. Among one tribal (Barwani) and one non-tribal district of Indore, participant selection was done by simple random sampling technique using chit method of all districts covered under Indore division. The ethical clearance was obtained from our institute ethical committee. Results: The advice given by all the HCPs for the prevention of malaria infection is eradication of breeding site of mosquito by preventing water stagnation. The 75% ANMs, 90% lab technicians, 100% MOs, malaria inspectors and MPWs were aware of the time of the bite of female anopheles’ mosquito. Majority of the HCPs were aware of the time of the bite of female Aedes mosquito, the warning signs dengue infection and were of the opinion that they give advice of keeping drinking water containers (Cisterns, tanks) tight closed.Conclusions: All the HCPs were aware of the prominent symptoms of malaria and promoted actively the integrated vector control measures in their allocated areas of work.
Assessment of copper and zinc in liver diseases
Authors: Nehra Rajiv , Nath Dwijendar , Nasir Afreena , Hasan Aamir , Aggarwal Narottam , Nehra Manju 
Published: September 2022

The liver is a primary storage site for a variety of metabolites. It plays a role in wide variety of metabolic, toxic, excretory, circulatory and defence functions inside the body. Damage to the organ may not evidently affect its activity since the liver has considerable functional reserve. Liver disease is a common term for any damage that reduces the functioning of the liver. Chronic liver disease is identified by gradual destruction of liver cells resulting in fibrosis. It is affected by different conditions including viral hepatitis, excessive alcoholism, genetic, autoimmune and NAFLD. The present study was carried out in Govt. Medical College, Jalaun at Department of Biochemistry. The diagnosis of Liver disease was done by ultrasonographic examination of liver. This study comprised a total of 50 patients, 25 of whom were healthy controls and 25 of whom were Liver Disease patients. After overnight fasting 8-12 hours (under aseptic condition) blood sample (8ml) was drawn from antecubital vein of each subject using a plain vial and was analyzed for serum Cu, Zn & liver profile parameters (serum bilirubin, serum SGOT, serum SGPT and serum ALP done by colorimetric method and calmagnite method, diazo method, IFCC method and assessed by kinetic method respectively. The present study’s findings, indicates that the level of serum copper in liver disease patient was 127.38±28.81µg/dl, which is significantly higher than that of 86.54 ± 15.88µg/dl found is healthy controls (p&#60;0.001). Also, serum copper is strongly linked with biochemical parameters of liver enzyme (SGOT & SGPT). Likewise, the mean value of serum zinc in liver disease were 58.08 ± 13.11µg/dl, which is significantly lower than that of69.88± 6.67µg/dl found in healthy subjects. Further, serum zinc has shown a significant weakly linked with serum SGPT.Therefore, during routine assessments of individuals with liver disease, serum trace elements (Cu and Zn) can be highly effective indicators for detecting the severity of liver damage. Thus, based on the findings of our current investigation, zinc and copper supplementation, as well as a reduction in copper intake, may help to enhance patient survival and preventing the development of hepatitis B to liver cirrhosis.Considering findings of the study, it is recommended that serum trace element concentrations be corrected on a regular basis to help with various problems of liver cirrhosis and maybe to slow the progression of liver disease.
Motherhood in Prison Threats and Opportunities of mothering while incarcerated
Authors: Polak-Kruszyk Aleksandra 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to present sentenced mothers in conditions of penitentiary isolation, according to the polish penal law. Women endure imprisonment much worse than men and have more difficulties adjusting to prison's isolation. Especially those who have children - they are concerned about the future and fate of their children. Polish provisions provide that children can stay in jail before turning 3 in the special "House of the Mother and Child" and let women to take constant and direct child care.
Methodology: This paper combines two methods: a comparison of legal documents and legal writers' thoughts and author observation of this phenomenon.
Main findings of the study: Putting children in the House of the Mother and Child in prisons is very controversial. It is hard to say if it is the best option to let the children stay with their mothers in prison. On the one hand it has a positive effect on both the development of the child as well as the social rehabilitation of the mother. The mother also learns to fulfill her parental responsibilities. On the other hand, the opponents of the incarceration of mothers with children claim that a child brought up behind bars will have a permanent memory of this experience.
Application of the study: The presented research relates to various scientific fields, e.g. criminal law, executive penal law and sociology.
Originality/Novelty of the study: This study shows that it is important to reconsider, what matters to the futures of babies and to start a new conversation about situation of mothers in prison. There is still a need to collect and analyse the information by both legal practice and legal theory, because it can lead to new solutions in dealing with this group of convicts.
An Optimal Solution to Global Warming
Authors: Hirsch Ph.D. Robert L. , Bezdek, Ph.D. Roger H. 
Published: September 2022

Nature has given us a method of cooling the planet quickly. Among other things volcanic eruptions discharge droplets that reflect sunlight back into space, causing global cooling. We could conduct a human-made mimic relatively quickly without the volcanic mess, thereby dramatically changing the climate change dialogue and beginning to relieve populations from the astronomical costs of impending climate mitigation efforts.