bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverberant environment embedding using dereverberation autoencoder
Authors: Park Sunchan , Kim Hyung Soon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReverberation is a factor that degrades the performance of automatic speech recognition. Linear prediction‐based algorithms remove reverberations with iterative computations for each target environment based on physical modeling. Dereverberation autoencoders map reverberant speech to clean speech using pre‐trained deep neural networks without iterative prediction during inference. Two methods were combined to design a neural network architecture for dereverberation. To improve reverberant speech recognition performance with low computational complexity, a method is proposed to extract environmental embedding named DA‐embedding instead of applying dereverberation to the input of an acoustic model. The experimental results on the REVERB Challenge and VOiCES datasets show that DA‐embedding improves reverberant speech recognition performance with low computational complexity.
Exergy analysis of isochoric and isobaric adiabatic compressed air energy storage
Authors: Barbour Edward , M. Oliveira Maury , Cardenas Bruno , Pottie Daniel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES) is an energy storage technology that has the potential to play an important role in the transition to a predominantly renewables‐driven net‐zero energy system. However, it has not yet achieved the performance necessary to be widely deployed. This paper undertakes an exergy analysis of isobaric and isochoric ACAES systems, tracking lost work through the components and exploring the influences of different design choices. Three different configurations are modelled: (1) 3 compression and 3 expansion stages; (2) 4 compression and 2 expansion stages; and (3) 2 compression and 4 expansion stages. These results illustrate that isobaric systems are likely to have higher round‐trip efficiency and significantly higher energy density, at the cost of achieving isobaric storage. Exergy analysis reveals that most of the losses arise in the compressors, compressor aftercoolers and expanders. Losses in aftercoolers are exaggerated when compressors operate with high‐pressure ratios, emphasizing that the choice of TES is a key system variable. With pressurised water as the coolant and TES fluid, it seems likely that the best system will have more compression than expansion stages. Increasing the number of compression stages decreases the off‐design penalty when the system is isochoric.
Dynamic event‐triggered‐based adaptive frequency control of microgrids under cyber‐attacks via adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Mi Zemeng , Su Hanguang , Sun Qiuye , Cai Yuliang , Ming Zhongyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the development of the cyber‐physical microgrids (CPMs) make greater demands for frequency control of microgrids. The common approach for frequency control is controlling the micro‐turbine to compensate for frequency deviations, with energy storage systems serving as an auxiliary approach. This article proposes an online adaptive frequency control method to control the governor and energy storage to realize the frequency recovery of microgrid, subject to the external unknown disturbances caused by wind turbine, power load and false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, the non‐zero sum (NZS) games of the considered system are modeled in this work, where the unknown disturbances are also taken into account. For the sake of estimating the unknown disturbances, a disturbance observer (DOB) for the microgrid system is introduced. Then, on the basis of the estimated results of the applied DOB, the disturbance compensation input is derived to offset the interference of the unknown disturbance. Meanwhile, the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach is employed to derive the adaptive optimal control input for the NZS games of microgrid system. Besides, the dynamic event‐triggered (DET) control is introduced, reducing the occupation of computing resources. By utilizing the Lyapunov's method, the stability of the closed‐loop system, the convergence of the estimation weight, the estimation disturbances and the system state are guaranteed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is ultimately verified by the simulation results.
Detectability of the passage of the heliosphere through an interstellar cloud with cosmogenic nuclides in lunar soil
Authors: Poluianov S. , Engelbrecht N. E. 
Published: January 2025

Context. As the Sun traverses interstellar space it may encounter interstellar molecular clouds (IMCs) characterised by higher particle densities than in the ambient interstellar medium. These occurrences have, for example, been proposed to explain the increase of 60Fe measured in sea sediments. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations show that such IMC crossings effectively shrink the heliosphere, thereby reducing its ability to modulate the incident spectrum of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). Therefore, the hallmark of such encounters in the past may be increased GCR intensities, which can be detected via analyses of cosmogenic nuclides in lunar regolith samples.
Aims. The present study proposes a method for testing whether such IMC crossings have indeed occurred in the past, by analysing the rates at which the long-lived cosmogenic nuclide 26Al (lifetime 1.0 Myr) is formed in lunar soil samples.
Methods. Cosmogenic nuclide production rates at varying depths in lunar soil are related to a corresponding GCR modulation potential, which in turn is related to a corresponding modulation boundary, and hence interstellar density, via a scaling relation based on published MHD simulation results.
Results. A lower limit for the detectability of past heliospheric crossings of IMCs is presented, governed by the amount of time spent in such a cloud: shorter passages may be undetectable, but longer passages would be clearly observable. However, we find no evidence of the Solar System encountering a cold, dense cloud.
Conclusions. Lunar cosmogenic nuclides represent a powerful tool whereby the past modulation history of the heliosphere can be revealed over timescales of millions of years, which in turn can provide invaluable insights as to the past interstellar environment encountered by the Sun. However, techniques such as the one proposed here will benefit greatly from new, higher-precision analyses of existing lunar samples.
The great American car crime decline
Authors: Farrell Graham 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe vehicle theft rate in the United States declined 80 percent between 1990 and 2020. Remarkably, this remains unexplained. This study examines historical evidence including reports to Congress plus automobile industry data from the Federal Register. Legislation incentivised security improvements that were fitted to high-risk vehicles from the late 1980s. Analysis of the industry data finds that theft of vehicles with electronic engine immobilizers declined 80 percent relative to a matched control group and theft of new secure vehicles declined before older vehicles. Theft declined gradually over the years as secure vehicles permeated the national vehicle fleet, the prolonged decline reflecting the arms race between manufacturers’ responses and offender effort to circumvent security. The study concludes that the electronic engine immobilizer caused the great American car crime decline. If this induced declining crime more generally, the electronic engine immobilizer may be the most important crime prevention device of recent history.
Influence of 3D helical magnetic perturbations on runaway electrons generation in J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Yan Wei , Zou Guinan , Chen Zhongyong , Li You , Fang Jiangang , Lin Zhifang , JIANG Zhonghe , Wang Nengchao , Rao Bo , Li Yangbo , Ren Zhengkang , Zhao Chuanxu , Zhong Yu , Liu Fanxi , Yu Yinlong , Nie Zisen , Zhou Xun , Sheng Yuan , Sun Yuwei , Zhou Song , Zhang Xiaoqing , Yang Zhoujun , Chen Zhipeng , Ding Yonghua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A large number of runaway electrons (REs) generated during disruption will cause huge damage on next generation large-scale tokamak. The influence of three-dimensional (3D) helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of REs generation has been explored by a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak, which can excite the m/n = −2/2 helical magnetic perturbations. Experimental evidence shows that the −2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma towards the high field side, simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations, which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent REs generation. On the other hand, the −2/2 magnetic perturbations also can reduce cooling time during disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs, which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress the REs generation. The critical helical coil current is found to correlate with the electron density, requiring higher coil currents at higher density. According to the statistical analysis of REs generation at different electron densities, the applied −2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron density, which can decrease the threshold electron density of REs suppression. This is beneficial for the REs mitigation of future large tokamak devices.
Effects of implant status and breed type on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical responses in finishing steers
Authors: Wesley K R , Fuerniss L K , Hall J R , Young J D , Green F B , Smith P N , Hutcheson J P , Johnson B J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The number of beef × dairy animals entering feedlots has increased, but the response of beef × dairy cattle to growth-promoting implants has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed type and implant administration on live performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical (IHC) outcomes. Forty-eight steers (average body weight [BW] = 417±22 kg) were sorted by breed into groups of predominantly Angus (B), black-hided beef × primarily Holstein (B×D), or Holstein (D), and half of the steers within each breed type were administered a steroidal implant. Data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial, including repeated measures for sera metabolite and IHC outcomes. Main effects were breed (B, B×D, or D) and implant status (no implant [CON] or Revalor-XS [200 mg trenbolone acetate + 40 mg estradiol-17β] on d 0 [IMP]). Interaction of main effects to determine breed-specific responses to implants were also evaluated. Steers were fed to a target final shrunk BW of 658 kg within breed type. Blood, longissimus thoracis biopsies, and BW were collected on d 0, 28, 70, 98, and 126; BW was also collected prior to harvest. Implanted steers had greater average daily gain (ADG), interim BW, and final BW (P ≤ 0.04). Overall ADG tended to be greatest (P = 0.07) in B×D steers. The IMP treatment, and B×D and D steers had increased (P &lt; 0.01) mean sera concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), compared to CON and B steers. The IMP carcasses had greater hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, and REA (P ≤ 0.03) and decreased KPH (P &lt; 0.01). By analyzation of IHC, myosin heavy chain (MHC) Type I fibers were the largest and most abundant in D (P ≤ 0.03). Increased abundance of estrogen receptors and greatest G protein-coupled receptor-1 score was observed for D, while B×D were intermediate, and B had the fewest estrogenic receptors (P ≤ 0.02). Regardless of breed type, IMP steers had increased estradiol-17β and trenbolone-17β concentrations (P &lt; 0.01) with no effect on MHC fiber type and minimal effects on satellite cell outcomes. These results indicated B×D and IMP treatments increased muscling and decreased internal fat deposition compared to D and CON, respectively. Dairy-influenced breed types exhibited increased estrogenic receptor abundance. Additionally, few breed × implant interactions suggest B, B×D, and D steers responded similarly to growth-promoting implants.
EXPLORING SOCIAL COGNITION DECLINE ACROSS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE SEVERITY: INSIGHTS FROM A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Martins Gabriela Carneiro , Duarte Vieira Vera Lucia , Pinetti Flavia Miluzzi , Leme de Arruda Ana Maria , Siqueira Daniela Maruta , Rocco Isadora Salvador , Oliveira Bertolucci Paulo Henrique de , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Claudia Berlim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe detection of subtle behavioral signs in early stages of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is of great importance to start clinical investigation. Memory and reasoning problems are usually more commonly reported by relatives than those associated with Social Cognition (SC). This study focusing on deficits in SC as a behavioral marker of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) investigated: (1) selective impairments in SC domains according to stage of disease; (2) if impairments were better explained by nonsocial cognitive dysfunctions. Sixty-five elderly distributed into groups according to the Mini–Mental State Examination (Healthy, Mild cognitive impairment, Mild-AD, Moderate-AD) participated in the study. All underwent the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT), which investigates the cognitive and affective domains of Theory of Mind, as well as interpersonal and intrapersonal understanding of social norms. The nonsocial cognitive battery included traditional tests of episodic memory, executive functions, verbal fluency and language comprehension. Mediation analysis was performed to understand the influence of nonsocial cognitive skills in SC impairment among groups. Results revealed prominent losses in SC in moderate AD regardless of memory- skills. Theory of mind was a crucial link between social and nonsocial cognitive abilities. Executive functioning, verbal fluency and language comprehension mediated group-related cognitive decline’s effects on SC impairment. These findings underscore the complex interplay between cognitive domains in AD and suggest that selective impairments of SC highlight is as potential a marker for tracking the progression of the disease.
Chemosynthesis enhances carbon fixation and nutrient cycling in an active microbialite ecosystem
Authors: Ricci Francesco , Leung Pok Man , Hutchinson Tess , Nguyen-Dinh Thanh , Frank Alexander H. , Hood Ashleigh v.S. , Salazar Vinícius W. , Eate Vera , Wong Wei Wen , Cook Perran L.M. , Greening Chris , McClelland Harry 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicrobialites—carbonate structures formed under the influence of microbial action— are the earliest macroscopic evidence of life. For three billion years, the microbial mat communities responsible for these structures fundamentally shaped Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. In photosynthetic microbial communities, light energy ultimately drives primary production and the ensuing cascade of daisy-chained metabolisms. However, reduced compounds such as trace gases and those released as metabolic byproducts in deeper, anoxic regions of the mat, could also fuel chemosynthetic processes. Here, we investigated the intricate metabolic synergies that sustain microbialite community nutrient webs. We recovered 331 genomes spanning 40 bacterial and archaeal phyla, revealing a staggering diversity fuelled by the biogeochemistry of these ecosystems. While phototrophy is an important metabolism encoded by 17% of the genomes, over half encode enzymes to harness energy from reduced compounds and 12% co-encode carbon fixation pathways, using sulfide and hydrogen as major electron donors. Consistent with these genomic predictions, we experimentally demonstrated that microbialite communities oxidise ferrous iron, ammonia, sulfide and gas substrates aerobically and anaerobically. Furthermore, carbon isotopic assays revealed that diverse chemosynthetic pathways contribute significantly to carbon fixation and ecosystem organic matter production alongside photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis in microbialite communities represents a complex interplay of metabolic synergies and continuous nutrient cycling, which decouples community carbon fixation from the diurnal cycle. As a result, this process mitigates the loss of organic carbon from respiration, enhancing the net productivity of these highly efficient ecosystems.SignificanceMicrobialite ecosystems are among the most ancient on Earth, having dominated the biosphere for over three billion years and persisting into the present. They serve as critical models for studying past and present Earth-biosphere interactions. In this study, we challenge the paradigm that photosynthesis is the main driver of microbialite primary productivity, emphasizing the fundamental role of chemosynthesis in the global element cycle both in modern extreme environments and throughout Earth’s history. Altogether, our findings provide novel insight into these unique microbial ecosystems, which may have functioned as hotspots for metabolic innovation over geological time.
HeteroRepur: Efficient Modeling of Heterogeneous Disease Graph for Depression Drug Repurposing using Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Lin Ko-Hong , Huang Tongtong , Zhang Kai , Jiang Xiaoqian , Kim Yejin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, yet existing treatments often result in suboptimal responses and encounter high recurrence rate. Repositioning existing medications, which often significantly reduces the required time and budget, has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for drug discovery of multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, an efficient modeling strategy of heterogeneous semantic information among biological networks has yet to be developed for drug repurposing.Material and MethodsIn this study, we proposed HeteroRepur, by integrating heterogeneous graph neural networks to learn interaction features of Depression Drug Repurposing Graph (DDRG) and then classify drugs.ResultsThe DDRG embeddings learned by HeteroRepur accurately capture graph information, including 89 types of interaction or associations among drugs, genes, pathways, and GOs, as well as disease genetic network of MDD. In drug classification task, HeteroRepur outperforms various baseline models, including existing graph neural network approaches that do not consider heterogeneous network information. Finally, HeteroRepur predicts new candidates for treating MDD, including CNS drugs that have the potential to be extended to MDD, and dietary supplements that might benefit depression patients by elevating essential nutrient levels.ConclusionHeteroRepur outperforms traditional graph-based approaches, and can be used to rank promising drugs among complex disease networks with heterogeneous topology.
Starvation of the bacteriaVibrio atlanticuspromotes lightning group-attacks on the dinoflagellateAlexandrium pacificum
Authors: Rolland Jean Luc , Masseret Estelle , Laabir Mohamed , Tetreau Guillaume , Gourbal Benjamin , Thebault Anne , Abadie Eric , Rodrigues-Stien Alice , Veckerlé Carole , Servanne-Meunier Elodie , Destoumieux-Garzón Delphine , Lagorce Arnaud , Lami Raphaël 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlgae serve as a source of nutrients for bacteria in the marine environment. The interactions between algae and bacteria at the phycosphere interface are known to include mutualism, commensalism, competition or antagonism. Here, based onin situobservation and on anin vitrointeraction study, we report on a novel form of starvation-induced hunting that the cells of selectedVibriospecies exert on the dinoflagellate species. Results showed thatVibrio atlanticuswas able to coordinate lightning group attacks then kill the dinoflagellateAlexandrium pacificumACT03. Briefly, the observed coordinated mechanism of algal-killing consists of first, the ‘immobilization stage’ involving the secretion of algicidal metabolites that disrupt the flagella of the prey. The ‘attack stage’ resembles the ‘wolf-pack attack’ strategy, during whichVibriossurrounds algal cells at high density for a brief period without invading them. Finally, the ‘killing stage’ induces the lysis and degradation of the dinoflagellates. By using a combination of biochemical, proteomic, genetic and fluorescence microscopy approaches, we showed that this relationship is not related to the decomposition of algal organic matter,Vibrioquorum sensing pathways, to the toxicity of the algae or to the pathogenicity of the bacterium but is conditioned by nutrient stress, iron availability and link to the iron-vibrioferrin transport system ofV. atlanticus. This is the first evidence of a new mechanism that could be involved in regulating Alexandrium spp. blooms and giving Vibrio a competitive advantage in obtaining nutrients from the environment.
In vitroevolution of caspofungin resistance inCandidozyma aurisviaFKS1hotspot I mutations results in moderate fitness trade-offs but no reduction in virulence
Authors: Ross Zoe K. , Alsayegh Sakinah , Zhao Yixin , Munro Carol A. , Lorenz Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResistance to echinocandins in the recently emerged pathogenCandidozyma auris(previously known asCandida auris) poses significant clinical challenges. This study reports thein vitroevolution of a caspofungin-sensitiveC. aurisclade II isolate to acquire caspofungin resistance. We sequenced the whole genome of the parental strain and its drug-resistant progeny. The resistant isolates harboured mutations in theFKS1gene altering a conserved residue (S639) also mutated in caspofungin-resistant clinical isolates; demonstrating thatFKS1-S639mutations are sufficient to confer resistance to caspofungin.Using these resistant strains, we examined cross-resistance & collateral sensitivity to other antifungal drugs and to cell wall stress, cell wall ultrastructure, biofilm formation, and virulence. As expected, bothFKS1-S639PandFKS1-S639Yvariants exhibited resistance not only to caspofungin but also to other echinocandins. Interestingly, these resistant strains showed moderate collateral sensitivity to certain azole antifungals and increased susceptibility to cell wall stress. While cell wall chitin content was slightly elevated in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones, overall cell wall structure and phosphomannan levels remained unchanged. Biofilm formation capabilities were similar across all strains, and virulence in invertebrate models was unaffected by theFKS1mutations.These findings indicate that while the evolution of caspofungin resistance throughFKS1mutations does incur fitness trade-offs, it does not substantially compromise the pathogenic potential ofC. auris. This underscores the complexities of evolution of antifungal resistance mechanisms in this pathogen and the impact on its biology.