bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological assessment and overall confidence in the results of systematic reviews with network meta‐analyses in Endodontics
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Faggion Clovis M. , Pulikkotil Shaju Jacob , Alatta Alaa , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aims of the study were to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews with network meta‐analyses (NMAs) in Endodontics using the ‘A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews’ (AMSTAR 2) tool, and to evaluate the overall confidence in the results of the individual reviews included in the analysis.MethodologySystematic reviews with NMAs within the specialty of Endodontics published in English were identified from the PubMed, EbBSCOhost and SCOPUS databases from inception to July 2021. Two reviewers were involved independently in the selection of the reviews, data extraction, methodological quality assessment and overall confidence rating. Disagreements were resolved by discussion between the reviewers to achieve consensus; if disagreements persisted, a third reviewer made the final decision. The methodological quality of the included NMAs was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 checklist, which contains 16 items. The reviewers scored each item—‘Yes’—when the item was fully addressed, ‘Partial Yes’—when the item was not fully addressed, or ‘No’—when the item was not addressed. The overall confidence in the results of each review was classified as ‘High’, ‘Moderate’, ‘Low’ or ‘Critically low’ based on the criteria reported by the AMSTAR 2 developers.ResultsTwelve systematic reviews with NMAs were included. All the NMAs adequately reported Item 1 (‘Did the research questions and inclusion criteria for the review include the components of PICO?’), Item 8 (‘Did the review authors describe the included studies in adequate detail?’), Item 9 (‘Did the review authors use a satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies that were included in the review?’) and Item 16 (‘Did the review authors report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review?’), whereas only one NMA reported Item 10 adequately (‘Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review?’). The overall confidence in the results of eight reviews was categorized as ‘Critically low’, one review was ‘Low’, two reviews were ‘Moderate’ and one review was ‘High’.ConclusionThe overall confidence in the results for the majority of systematic reviews with NMAs in Endodontics was judged to be ‘Critically low’ as their methodological quality was below the necessary standard. AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA for NMA guidelines are available to guide authors to produce high‐quality systematic reviews with NMAs and for editors and peer‐reviewers when assessing submissions to journals.
Theoretical underpinnings of consumers’ financial capability research
Authors: Lučić Andrea , Barbić Dajana , Uzelac Marija 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the multidisciplinary theoretical context of financial capability and provides a critical examination of 14 relevant theoretical frameworks. To this end, the paper defines financial capability and develops a new theoretical framework of financial capability termed the personal financial management system. Financial capability is defined as the capacity of consumers to undertake comprehensive financial activities and thereby achieve personal financial well‐being. The exploration of financial capability includes the concepts of financial literacy and psychological financial capability, where the latter represents automatic and controlled mental processes. Recent advances in behavioural science have profoundly changed the realm of personal finances, and it is, therefore, essential to acknowledge the importance of the intuitive reasoning that shapes our financial decision making. As part of the financial management system's throughput, together with individual motivation and opportunity within the personal financial management system, financial capability forms financial behaviour. The framework identifies three groups of relevant antecedents of financial capability including sociodemographic factors, cognitive and affective factors and personality and values. By constructing a comprehensive theoretical model, this paper contributes to the literature by providing greater consistency in the definitions of capability and its related terms, encouraging academic discussion and affirming the much‐needed directions for future research.
How do consumers perceive open‐source seed licenses? Exploring a new credence attribute
Authors: Kliem Lea , Wolter Hendrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCritical consumerism is the conscious choice of purchasing or avoiding products for ethical or environmental reasons. As an increasing share of consumer attempts to purchase sustainably produced food, credence attributes, which are product qualities that are not easily observable or verifiable during purchase or consumption, gain importance. Variety ownership has so far not played any role in food consumption choices but is a new type of credence attribute that may gain relevance through the recent introduction of open‐source seed licenses. Such licenses aim to safeguard agrobiodiversity, ensure long‐term access to plant genetic resources and counter current privatization trends in the seed industry. The labeling of open‐source produce could help to upscale the concept and enable consumers to support the safeguarding of biodiversity through their consumption choices. However, as the first open‐source varieties become available for purchase, consumers’ perspectives on open‐source seed licenses remain unclear. In this paper, we, hence, examine German consumers’ perceptions of open‐source seed licenses. The analysis of 228 thinking‐aloud protocols, based on qualitative data collected in a conventional and an organic supermarket in Berlin, Germany, serves as an empirical basis. We find that most consumers have a highly positive evaluation of open‐source seed licenses, regardless of whether they fully understand the concept or not. The license is widely perceived to provide a counter‐model to current industrial seed‐ and agricultural production. Specifically, it is believed to (1) prevent the privatization of plant genetic resources, (2) contribute to the conservation and enhancement of agrobiodiversity, (3) support (small‐scale) farmers and (4) prevent market concentration. To what extent these perceptions coincide with personal preferences for taste, health, safety and quality remains to be explored. The concept may specifically cater to certain consumer segments, including highly educated, young to middle‐aged, organically minded consumers.
Prevalence and factors associated with gynoid lipodystrophy in Brazilian adolescent girls: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Soares Juliana L. M. , Rocha Vanessa A. , Sanudo Adriana , Miot Hélio Amante , Bagatin Ediléia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGynoid lipodystrophy (GLD), or female cellulitis, is a chronic multifactorial disorder characterized by the irregular appearance of the skin surface on the thighs and gluteal regions, which affects 80–90% of women after puberty. No curative treatments are available, and there is a paucity of epidemiological studies related to its prevalence, quality of life impact, and risk factors. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the development of GLD in Brazilian adolescent girls.MethodsA cross‐sectional study examined adolescent girls from São Paulo, Brazil. The explored factors were grouped: familial history, gynecological and hormonal characteristics, exercise practice, nutrition and diet, anthropometric measures, body mass index, and body composition, according to GLD severity assessed through multivariate hierarchic statistics.ResultsIn total, 184 girls, aged from 12 to 18 years, were included in the study. The overall prevalence of GLD was 77.7% (CI 95% 71.7–82.1%); moderate and severe categories of GLD occurred in 56.5% (CI 95% 48.9–62.5%) of the sample. An impact on the quality of life was identified in 39.7% of the girls. GLD was independently associated with higher body mass index, early menarche, higher carbohydrate intake, lower water consumption, menstrual irregularity, familial report of GLD, and less exercise practice.ConclusionGynoid lipodystrophy is a multifactorial disorder; its onset in adolescent girls is associated with familial occurrence, body composition, diet habits, exercise, and hormonal factors. These results support further interventions for GLD prevention and treatment.
Nuclear magnetic resonance footprint of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells death mechanisms and distinctive in‐cell biophysical properties in vitro
Authors: Krzyżak Artur T. , Habina‐Skrzyniarz Iwona , Mazur Weronika , Sułkowski Maciej , Kot Marta , Majka Marcin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe importance of the biophysical characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was recently pointed out for supporting the development of MSC‐based therapies. Among others, tracking MSCs in vivo and a quantitative characterization of their regenerative impact by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demands a full description of MSCs’ MR properties. In the work, Wharton Jelly MSCs are characterized in a low magnetic field (LF) in vitro by using different approaches. They encompass various settings: MSCs cultured in a Petri dish and cell suspensions; experiments‐ 1D‐T
1, 1D‐T
2, 1D diffusion, 2D T
1‐T
2 and D‐T
2; devices‐ with a bore aperture and single‐sided one. Complex NMR analysis with the aid of random walk simulations allows the determination of MSCs T
1 and T
2 relaxation times, cells and nuclei sizes, self‐diffusion coefficients of the nucleus and cytoplasm. In addition, the influence of a single layer of cells on the effective diffusion coefficient of water is detected with the application of a single‐sided NMR device. It also enables the identification of apoptotic and necrotic cell death and changed diffusional properties of cells suspension caused by compressing forces induced by the subsequent cell layers. The study delivers MSCs‐specific MR parameters that may help tracking MSCs in vivo.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An update
Authors: Lee Chi‐H , Lui David TW , Lam Karen SL 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe global prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, along with the epidemic of diabesity. NAFLD is present in >70% of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although the mutually detrimental relationship between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes has been well established, a multitude of recent studies have further shown that type 2 diabetes is closely linked to the development of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver‐related morbidity and mortality. In contrast, NAFLD also negatively impacts type 2 diabetes both in terms of its incidence and related adverse clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. In response to these global health threats, clinical care pathways for NAFLD and guidelines for metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease have been developed. Several antidiabetic agents have been evaluated for their potential hepatic benefits with promising results. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes patients are increasingly represented in clinical trials of novel therapeutics for NAFLD. However, despite the wealth of knowledge in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, lack of awareness of the disease and the potential weight of this problem remains a major challenge, especially among clinicians who are outside the field of hepatology and gastroenterology. This review therefore aimed to provide all diabetes care providers with a summary of the latest evidence that supports NAFLD as an emerging diabetic complication of increasing importance, and to present the current recommendations, focusing on the assessment and therapeutic strategies, on the management of NAFLD among type 2 diabetes patients.
Anterior–posterior pattern formation in ciliates
Authors: Cole Eric , Gaertig Jacek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs single cells, ciliates build, duplicate, and even regenerate complex cortical patterns by largely unknown mechanisms that precisely position organelles along two cell‐wide axes: anterior–posterior and circumferential (left–right). We review our current understanding of intracellular patterning along the anterior–posterior axis in ciliates, with emphasis on how the new pattern emerges during cell division. We focus on the recent progress at the molecular level that has been driven by the discovery of genes whose mutations cause organelle positioning defects in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. These investigations have revealed a network of highly conserved kinases that are confined to either anterior or posterior domains in the cell cortex. These pattern‐regulating kinases create zones of cortical inhibition that by exclusion determine the precise placement of organelles. We discuss observations and models derived from classical microsurgical experiments in large ciliates (including Stentor) and interpret them in light of recent molecular findings in Tetrahymena. In particular, we address the involvement of intracellular gradients as vehicles for positioning organelles along the anterior‐posterior axis.
ERα/β/DMP1 axis promotes trans‐differentiation of chondrocytes to bone cells through GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Yan Xue , Fan Deng‐Yun , Pi Ya‐Lei , Zhang Ya‐Nan , Fu Peng‐Jiu , Zhang Hui‐Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEstrogen‐induced premature closing of the growth plate in the long bones is a major cause of short stature after premature puberty. Recent studies have found that chondrocytes can directly trans‐differentiate into osteoblasts in the process of endochondral bone formation, which indicates that cartilage formation and osteogenesis may be a continuous biological process. However, whether estrogen promotes the direct trans‐differentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts remains largely unknown. Chondrocytes were treated with different concentrations of 17β‐estradiol, and Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay were used to detected osteogenesis. Specific short hairpin RNA and tamoxifen were used to block the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway and osteogenic marker genes and downstream gene expression were detected using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. The findings showed that 17β‐estradiol promoted the chondrocyte osteogenesis in vitro, even at high concentrations. In addition, blocking of the ERα/β pathway inhibited the trans‐differentiation of chondrocytes into osteogenic cells. Furthermore, we found that dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), which is a direct downstream molecular of ER, was involved in 17β‐estradiol/ER pathway‐regulated osteogenesis. As well, glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK‐3β)/β‐catenin signal pathway also participates in ERα/β/DMP1‐regulated chondrocyte osteogenesis. The GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signal pathway was involved in ERα/β/DMP1‐regulated chondrocyte osteogenesis. These findings suggest that ER/DMP1/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin plays a vital role in estrogen regulation of chondrocyte osteogenesis and provide a therapeutic target for short stature caused by epiphyseal fusion.
The Roles of Celebrities in Public Disputes: Climate Change and the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Wright Christopher , Nyberg Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCelebrities are increasingly important actors in social disputes, with their high public profiles used to amplify political campaigns and business firms utilising celebrity endorsements to promote their brands and justify their actions. Engaging with the conceptual framework of Boltanski and Thévenot’s ‘orders of worth’, we explore the public dispute over coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef, analysing the different roles that celebrities have played and how their claims are evaluated. We demonstrate how celebrities as powerful agents for industries and environmental campaigns perform three key roles – popularizers, authorities, and visionaries. Our article contributes to the management literature on public disputes by explaining the evaluative processes underlying sustainability controversies. We also contribute by providing a better understanding of the roles and capacity of celebrities in in public debates over contentious issues. We discuss the policy implications of celebrity roles in addressing the climate crisis and mobilizing action to limit further disruption.
Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures
Authors: Sønstebø Jørn Henrik , Trucchi Emiliano , Nordén Jenni , Skrede Inger , Miettinen Otto , Haridas Sajeet , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis , Kauserud Håvard , Maurice Sundy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of Phellopilus nigrolimitatus, a red‐listed wood‐inhabiting fungus associated with old‐growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in P. nigrolimitatus, by establishing a reference genome and genotyping 327 individuals sampled from 24 locations in Northern Europe by RAD sequencing. We revealed a shallow population genetic structure, indicating large historical population sizes and high levels of gene flow. Despite this weak substructuring, two genetic groups were recognized; a western group distributed mostly in Norway and an eastern group covering most of Finland, Poland and Russia. This substructuring may reflect coimmigration with the main host, Norway spruce (Picea abies), into Northern Europe after the last ice age. We found evidence of low levels of genetic diversity in southwestern Finland, which has a long history of intensive forestry and urbanization. Numerous loci were significantly associated with one or more environmental factors, indicating adaptation to specific environments. These loci clustered into two groups with different associations with temperature and precipitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the current population genetic structure of P. nigrolimitatus results from a combination of gene flow, genetic drift and selection. The acquisition of similar knowledge especially over broad geographic scales, linking signatures of adaptive genetic variation to evolutionary processes and environmental variation, for other fungal species will undoubtedly be useful for assessment of the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on fungi strongly bound to old‐growth forests.
Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salmón Pablo , Burraco Pablo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman‐driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to the same extent and therefore a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed to determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been posited as a surrogate for animal health and fitness. Evaluation of their use in an applied ecological context is still scarce. Here, using information from molecular and occupational biomedical studies, we aim to provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with an accessible synthesis of the links between human disturbances and telomere length. In addition, we perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on studies measuring telomere length in wild/wild‐derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the relatively small number of studies to date, our meta‐analysis revealed a significant small negative association between disturbances and telomere length (−0.092 [−0.153, −0.031]; n = 28; k = 159). Yet, our systematic review suggests that the use of telomeres as a biomarker to understand the anthropogenic impact on wildlife is limited. We propose some research avenues that will help to broadly evaluate their suitability: (i) further causal studies on the link between human disturbances and telomeres; (ii) investigating the organismal implications, in terms of fitness and performance, of a given telomere length in anthropogenically disturbed scenarios; and (iii) better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of telomere dynamics. Future studies in these facets will help to ultimately determine their role as markers of health and fitness in wildlife facing anthropogenic disturbances.
UK standards for microbiology investigations of ear infection (SMI B1) are inadequate for the recovery of fungal pathogens and laboratory diagnosis of otomycosis: A real‐life prospective evaluation
Authors: Rawson Timothy M. , Fatania Nita , Abdolrasouli Alireza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the recovery of fungal pathogens from clinical external ear samples from patients with otitis externa (OE) using the UK national Standard Microbiology Investigations of ear infection (SMI B1).MethodThe UK SMI B1 protocol including a single Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (SABC) incubated at 37°C for 48 hours was compared with a standard fungal‐specific culture method using two SABC agar plates incubated at 28 and 37°C for 2 weeks with an extra Candida chromogenic agar incubated at 37°C for 5 days. This real‐life evaluation was undertaken on ear samples from patients with OE from January 2020 to December 2020.ResultsAltogether, 304 individual patient ear swabs were prospectively examined. The positivity rate of UK standard was 14% (42/304) versus 26% (79/304) for the fungal‐specific protocol (p < .05). The standard protocol identified seven compared with 17 species using the fungal‐specific protocol. A total of 93 fungal isolates were recovered; nine different yeasts and eight filamentous fungal species. Candida parapsilosis (38/304; 13%), C. albicans (10/304; 3%) and C. orthopsilosis (6/304; 2%) were common yeast species. Aspergillus niger complex (16/304; 5%) was the most common mould, followed by A. fumigatus complex (3/304; 1%). Many less common and emerging yeasts and moulds were only isolated from samples cultured using a fungal‐specific protocol.ConclusionOur results suggest that the UK SMI B1 media and procedures are inadequate to detect all fungal agents causing otomycosis. Fungal‐specific culture protocols increase the recovery rate and diversity of fungal pathogens isolated from external ear samples.
Performing a culture, staging the revolution: Choral singing and traditional music as nation‐building tropes in post‐colonial Mozambique
Authors: de Freitas Marco Roque , de Carvalho João Soeiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article aims to evaluate the cultural policy of Mozambique's Liberation Front (FRELIMO), focusing on music and dance during the liberation war and transitional period (1964–1975), and during the first 5 years after independence from Portugal (1975–1980). For the first period, we will focus on a repertoire entitled ‘revolutionary anthems’ and for the second, we will analyse Mozambique's sonorous representations in three national and international events: FESTAC77 (1977), the First National Festival of Popular Dance (1978) and the First National Festival of Song and Traditional Music (1980). Building on fieldwork data gathered through several interviews with politicians, radio broadcasters, producers, musicians and archival work, we aim to explain the significance of musical performance for the ‘sonorous construction’ of the ‘new Mozambican man’ project, as envisioned by FRELIMO.