bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RUNX1 inhibits the antiviral immune response against influenza A virus through attenuating type I interferon signaling
Authors: Hu Yixiang , Pan Qi , Zhou Kun , Ling Yuehuan , Wang Hao , Li Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are zoonotic, segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses. The rapid mutation of IAVs results in host immune response escape and antiviral drug and vaccine resistance. RUNX1 is a transcription factor that not only plays essential roles in hematopoiesis, but also functions as a regulator in inflammation. However, its role in the innate immunity to IAV infection has not been well studied.MethodsTo investigate the effects of RUNX1 on IAV infection and explore the mechanisms that RUNX1 uses during IAV infection. We infected the human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) and examined RUNX1 expression by Western blot and qRT-PCR. We also knocked down or overexpressed RUNX1 in A549 cells, then evaluated viral replication by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and viral titration.ResultsWe found RUNX1 expression is induced by IAV H1N1 PR8 infection, but not by poly(I:C) treatment, in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Knockdown of RUNX1 significantly inhibited IAV infection. Conversely, overexpression of RUNX1 efficiently promoted production of progeny viruses. Additionally, RUNX1 knockdown increased IFN-β and ISGs production while RUNX1 overexpression compromised IFN-β and ISGs production upon PR8 infection in A549 cells. We further showed that RUNX1 may attenuate the interferon signaling transduction by hampering the expression of IRF3 and STAT1 during IAV infection.ConclusionsTaken together, we found RUNX1 attenuates type I interferon signaling to facilitate IAV infection in A549 cells.
COVAX, vaccine donations and the politics of global vaccine inequity
Authors: de Bengy Puyvallée Antoine , Storeng Katerini Tagmatarchi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2021, donor countries, the pharmaceutical industry, and the COVAX initiative promoted vaccine donation or “dose-sharing” as a main solution to the inequitable global distribution of Covid-19 vaccines. COVAX positioned itself as a global vaccine-sharing hub that promised to share doses “equitably, effectively and transparently,” according to rational criteria overseen by independent scientists. This article provides a critical analysis of the principles and practice of “dose-sharing,” showing how it reveals the politics at play within COVAX.ResultsDonated doses were an important source of COVAX’s vaccine supply in 2021, accounting for 60% of the doses the initiative delivered (543 million out of 910 million). However, donations could not compensate fully for COVAX’s persistent procurement struggles: it delivered less than half of the two billion doses it originally projected for 2021, a fraction of the 9.25 billion doses that were administered globally in 2021. Donor countries and vaccine manufacturers systematically broke COVAX’s principles for maximizing the impact of dose-sharing, delivering doses late, in smaller quantities than promised, and in ad hoc ways that made roll-out in recipient countries difficult. Some donors even earmarked doses for specific recipients, complicating and potentially undermining COVAX’s equitable allocation mechanism.ConclusionsCOVAX’s pivot from global vaccine procurement mechanism to dose-sharing hub can be seen as a “win-win-win” solution for COVAX itself (who could claim success by having access to more doses), for donor countries (who could rebrand themselves as charitable donors rather than “vaccine hoarders”), and for the pharmaceutical industry (maintaining the status quo on intellectual property rights and protecting their commercial interests). Although dose-sharing helped COVAX’s vaccine delivery, its impact was undermined by donors’ and industry’s pursuit of national security, diplomatic and commercial interests, which COVAX largely accommodated. The lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms within COVAX’s overly complex governance structure as a global public-private partnership enabled these practices.
Risk factors for discontinuation of exclusive breast feeding within 1month: a retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yasuda Shun , Fukuda Toma , Toba Naoya , Kamo Norihito , Imaizumi Karin , Yokochi Midori , Okawara Tomoko , Takano Seiko , Yoshida Hideko , Kobayashi Nobuko , Kudo Shingo , Miyazaki Kyohei , Hosoya Mamiko , Sato Kenichi , Takano Kei , Kanno Aya , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Ito Fumihiro , Oda Shinichiro , Momoi Nobuo , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
While breastfeeding provides benefits for infants and the mother, many women either do not breastfeed or terminate breastfeeding earlier than recommended. The aim of this analysis was to identify factors associated with early discontinuation of breastfeeding in Japanese women.

Methods
This study used data from medical records of women delivering a singleton live birth between March 2017 and August 2019 in Iwase General Hospital, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to assess cessation of breastfeeding by the 1-month postpartum appointment. Demographic (age at birth, and employment status), medical (parity, and physical and mental condition of the mother; and infant medical factors, such as sex, Apgar score, and jaundice, among other), and family factors (husband/partner, family members living at the same house, among others) in 734 women who had initiated breastfeeding during their delivery hospital stay were examined, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.

Results
Bivariate analysis revealed that women who were primipara, unmarried, exposed to secondhand smoke, and employed; those who smoked before pregnancy; and those who had asthma were more likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding than other women. Infant factors associated with discontinuation were lower birthweight, earlier gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, treatment for jaundice, or lower weight gain. Multivariable analysis revealed that primiparity, passive smoking before pregnancy, maternal employment, and neonatal jaundice therapy were associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding.

Conclusions
In particular, women whose partners smoked before pregnancy may need to be targeted for additional support for breastfeeding.
A glass bead semi-hydroponic system for intact maize root exudate analysis and phenotyping
Authors: Lopez-Guerrero Martha G. , Wang Peng , Phares Felicia , Schachtman Daniel P. , Alvarez Sophie , van Dijk Karin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although there have been numerous studies describing plant growth systems for root exudate collection, a common limitation is that these systems require disruption of the plant root system to facilitate exudate collection. Here, we present a newly designed semi-hydroponic system that uses glass beads as solid support to simulate soil impedance, which combined with drip irrigation, facilitates growth of healthy maize plants, collection and analysis of root exudates, and phenotyping of the roots with minimal growth disturbance or root damage.

Results
This system was used to collect root exudates from seven maize genotypes using water or 1 mM CaCl2, and to measure root phenotype data using standard methods and the Digital imaging of root traits (DIRT) software. LC–MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry) and GC–MS (Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry) targeted metabolomics platforms were used to detect and quantify metabolites in the root exudates. Phytohormones, some of which are reported in maize root exudates for the first time, the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), amino acids, and sugars were detected and quantified. After validating the methodology using known concentrations of standards for the targeted compounds, we found that the choice of the exudate collection solution affected the exudation and analysis of a subset of analyzed metabolites. No differences between collection in water or CaCl2 were found for phytohormones and sugars. In contrast, the amino acids were more concentrated when water was used as the exudate collection solution. The collection in CaCl2 required a clean-up step before MS analysis which was found to interfere with the detection of a subset of the amino acids. Finally, using the phenotypic measurements and the metabolite data, significant differences between genotypes were found and correlations between metabolites and phenotypic traits were identified.

Conclusions
A new plant growth system combining glass beads supported hydroponics with semi-automated drip irrigation of sterile solutions was implemented to grow maize plants and collect root exudates without disturbing or damaging the roots. The validated targeted exudate metabolomics platform combined with root phenotyping provides a powerful tool to link plant root and exudate phenotypes to genotype and study the natural variation of plant populations.
Estimation of plant height and yield based on UAV imagery in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Ji Yishan , Chen Zhen , Cheng Qian , Liu Rong , Li Mengwei , Yan Xin , Li Guan , Wang Dong , Fu Li , Ma Yu , Jin Xiuliang , Zong Xuxiao , Yang Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Faba bean is an important legume crop in the world. Plant height and yield are important traits for crop improvement. The traditional plant height and yield measurement are labor intensive and time consuming. Therefore, it is essential to estimate these two parameters rapidly and efficiently. The purpose of this study was to provide an alternative way to accurately identify and evaluate faba bean germplasm and breeding materials.

Results
The results showed that 80% of the maximum plant height extracted from two-dimensional red–green–blue (2D-RGB) images had the best fitting degree with the ground measured values, with the coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) were 0.9915, 1.4411 cm and 5.02%, respectively. In terms of yield estimation, support vector machines (SVM) showed the best performance (R2 = 0.7238, RMSE = 823.54 kg ha−1, NRMSE = 18.38%), followed by random forests (RF) and decision trees (DT).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that it is feasible to monitor the plant height of faba bean during the whole growth period based on UAV imagery. Furthermore, the machine learning algorithms can estimate the yield of faba bean reasonably with the multiple time points data of plant height.
Cannabis use prevalence among Baby Boomers before and after implementation of recreational retail sales in California
Authors: Carlson Zachary , Pham Steven , El-Sokkary Jackie , Apollonio Dorie E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
As of 2021, 21 US states and territories allowed recreational cannabis use. Although previous research has identified an overall increase in prevalence of cannabis use after legalization, it has been less clear how this change will affect different parts of the population, including older adults, and specifically Baby Boomers, born 1946–1964, given their historically higher rates of use and a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions that could be either exacerbated or addressed by cannabis use. In this study we assessed whether implementation of recreational retail sales in California was associated with increased prevalence of cannabis use among Baby Boomers.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of cannabis use prevalence one year before and after the implementation of recreational retail sales in California using the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), a statewide public health surveillance dataset.

Results
We found that cannabis use prevalence did not change among Baby Boomers but increased among non-Baby Boomers. Most of the factors found to be predictive of cannabis use in past research did not predict cannabis use among Baby Boomers.

Conclusions
Baby Boomers did not change their consumption of cannabis in the first year after opening the retail market, despite previous research suggesting that cannabis consumption increases with access, and most previously identified predictors of use did not identify people who use cannabis in this generation. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects persist over time.
Postoperative lymphatic recurrence distribution and delineation of the radiation field in lower thoracic squamous cell esophageal carcinomas: a real-world study
Authors: Du Rongxu , Fan Songqing , Wang Xiaobin , Hou Xia , Zeng Cheng , Guo Dan , Tian Rongrong , Yang Dan , Jiang Leilei , Dong Xin , Yu Rong , Yu Huiming , Li Dongming , Zhu Shuchai , Li Jie , Shi Anhui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To study lymphatic recurrence distribution after radical surgery in the real world and guide clinical tumor volume delineation for regional lymph nodes during postoperative radiotherapy for lower thoracic squamous cell esophageal carcinomas.

Methods
We enrolled patients who underwent radical esophagectomy, without radiation before or after surgery, at 3 cancer hospitals. Patients were classified into groups according to tumor locations. We included patients with tumors in the lower thoracic segment and analyzed the postoperative lymph node recurrence mode. A cutoff value of 10% was used to differentiate high-risk lymph node drainage areas from others.

Results
We enrolled 1905 patients in the whole study series, including 652 thoracic esophageal carcinomas that met our inclusion criteria; there were 241 cases of lower thoracic esophageal carcinomas. 1st, 2nd, 4th, 7th, 8th groups of lymph nodes, according to the 8th edition of the AJCC classification, displayed as high-risk recurrence areas, representing 17.8%, 23.9%, 11.7%, 10.9% and 12.2% of lymph node recurrence. Stage III-IV tumors located in the lower segment of the thoracic esophagus showed a tendency to recur in the left gastric nodes (7.9%) and celiac nodes (10.6%).

Conclusions
According to our results, we recommended including the 4th, 7th and 8th groups of lymph nodes in the radiation field, and for patients with stage III-IV disease, the 17th and 20th groups of nodes should be irradiated during postoperative treatment. Whether including 1st/2nd groups in preventive irradiation needed more proofs.
Evaluation of the efficacy of ipsilateral fibular transfer for reconstruction of large tibial defects in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu SiYu , Liu YaoXi , Zhu GuangHui , Liu Kun , Tang Jin , Wu JiangYan , Yan An , Jiang Fei , Mo ShaSha , Mei HaiBo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Reconstruction of large tibial defects is often a major challenge in limb salvage. This study aimed to evaluate initial follow-up results of ipsilateral fibula transfer for the treatment of large tibial defects in children.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed between September 2014 and April 2021. Ten children were identified as having large tibial defects. The children underwent ipsilateral fibula transfer. We then evaluated initial healing, tibial length discrepancy, ankle varus/valgus, fibular position, refracture, infection, and function.

Results
Five boys and five girls, with an average age of 7.2 years, were evaluated. The transferred fibula was united in the patients. The mean follow-up period after fibular transposition was 43 months. The patients achieved primary bone union; the mean time to union was 8.4 months (range, 4–18 months). Complications included refracture (30%), infection (40%), tibia malunion (30%), ankle varus (30%), sensory loss of toes (10%), and ankle valgus (10%). No other major complications were observed. All 10 patients were able to perform activities of daily living and return to their normal activities.

Conclusion
Ipsilateral fibula transfer is a salvage surgery for the treatment of large tibial defects in children with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia, traumatic nonunion of the tibia, and/or tibial defect after chronic osteomyelitis. However, long-term results still need to be followed up.
Radiographic evaluation of congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux valgus
Authors: Li Yan , Tao Xu , Tang Kanglai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is extremely important for the selection of surgical methods and prognosis, while radiographic evaluation methods are relatively lacking. The purpose of this article was to explore radiographic indicators for evaluating congruency of the first MTP joint.

Methods
We selected patients with hallux valgus who had a weightbearing X-ray in the outpatient system and measured their hallux valgus angle (HVA). In total, 183 cases of 245 feet with HVA greater than 15° were selected. The distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), metatarsophalangeal joint angle (MTPJA), congruency index (CI) and tibial sesamoid position (TSP) were measured and statistically analysed.

Results
The higher the degree of hallux valgus was, the higher the proportion of incongruency of the first MTP joint. Significant differences were found in the DMAA, MTPJA and CI between the congruency and incongruency groups of patients with moderate-to-severe hallux valgus (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for DMAA was 0.554 (P > 0.05). However, the MTPJA and CI were 0.906 and 0.884, the sensitivity values reached 0.791 and 0.949, the specificity values were 0.862 and 0.644, and the critical values were 10.67 and 0.765, respectively. The correlation test indicated that in the congruency group, the DMAA and HVA were positively correlated, but the MTPJA, CI and HVA had low correlation coefficients. The DMAA and HVA were not correlated in the incongruency group; however, the MTPJA and HVA were significantly positively correlated, and the CI and HVA showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The MTPJA and CI are indicators that can be used to quantitatively evaluate the congruency of the first MTP joint, taking 10° and 0.765 as the demarcation points, respectively. Clinically, congruency of the MTP joint should be considered when choosing surgical methods for different degrees of hallux valgus, and the MTPJA and CI can be used as quantitative evaluation indicators.
Level of evidence: Level III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
The GAIRS Checklist: a useful global assessment tool in patients with Rett syndrome
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Semino Martina , Giannatiempo Samantha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Rett Syndrome is a severe, neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, affecting around 1 in 10,000 female births. Severe physical, language, and social impairments impose a wide range of limitations in the assessment of the abilities of Rett patients. This study proposes an analysis and first validation of a Global Assessment and Intervention in Rett syndrome (GAIRS) Checklist for assessing behavioral, intellectual, academic, neuropsychological and psychosocial manifestations in patients with Rett Syndrome. We administered the GAIRS Checklist to 113 Italian patients with Rett Syndrome aged 4–42.

Aims of this study
To examine the psychometric characteristics of the GAIRS Checklist. Moreover, the aim is also to examine the validity of GAIRS with test–retest correlation, convergent validity with similar functional measurements, such as the Vineland scales, and divergent validity with severity of disease scale, such as the RARS scale and severity of neuropsychiatric evaluations.

Results
All 10 subscales of GAIRS were positively and significantly related to each other and to the total GAIRS score, and the subscales showed high levels of Cronbach’s alpha values (from .77 to .95). Principal axis factoring suggested two factors that explain 60% of the variance. Test–retest reliability is 0.82. This means that psychometric properties are reliable. Correlation for Concurrent validity with Vineland score was high and Divergent Validity with RARS was also high.

Conclusion
The GAIRS Checklist used for Rett syndrome is acceptable and feasible to complete assessment in a clinical setting. Moreover, it can detect the complexity of this disease and may suggest the next step in terms of specific training in Rett syndrome.
Whole exome analysis of patients in Japan with hearing loss reveals high heterogeneity among responsible and novel candidate genes
Authors: Mutai Hideki , Momozawa Yukihide , Kamatani Yoichiro , Nakano Atsuko , Sakamoto Hirokazu , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Nara Kiyomitsu , Kubo Michiaki , Matsunaga Tatsuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneous genetic loci contribute to hereditary hearing loss; more than 100 deafness genes have been identified, and the number is increasing. To detect pathogenic variants in multiple deafness genes, in addition to novel candidate genes associated with hearing loss, whole exome sequencing (WES), followed by analysis prioritizing genes categorized in four tiers, were applied.ResultsTrios from families with non-syndromic or syndromic hearing loss (n = 72) were subjected to WES. After segregation analysis and interpretation according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, candidate pathogenic variants in 11 previously reported deafness genes (STRC,MYO15A,CDH23,PDZD7,PTPN11,SOX10,EYA1,MYO6,OTOF,OTOG, andZNF335) were identified in 21 families. Discrepancy between pedigree inheritance and genetic inheritance was present in one family. In addition, eight genes (SLC12A2,BAIAP2L2,HKDC1,SVEP1,CACNG1,GTPBP4,PCNX2, andTBC1D8) were screened as single candidate genes in 10 families.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that four-tier assessment of WES data is efficient and can detect novel candidate genes associated with hearing loss, in addition to pathogenic variants of known deafness genes.