bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Photoisomerization of Norbornadiene‐Quadricyclane within a Confined Capsule†
Authors: Pradeep Anu , Varadharajan Ramkumar , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWith the desire to develop a sustainable green method to store and release solar energy via a chemical reaction, we have examined the well‐investigated norbornadiene‐quadricyclane (NBD‐QC) system in water. In this context, we have employed octa acid (OA) as the host that forms a capsule in water. According to 1H NMR spectra and diffusion constants, OA forms a stable 2:2 complex with both NBD and QC and 1:1:2 mixed complex in the presence of equal amounts of both NBD and QC. The photoconversion of NBD to QC within the OA capsule is clean without side reactions. In this case, OA itself acts as a triplet sensitizer. Recognizing the disadvantage of this supramolecular approach, in the future we plan to look for visible light absorbing sensitizers to perform this conversion. The reverse reaction (QC to NBD) is achieved via electron transfer process with methylene blue as the sensitizer. This reverse reaction is also clean, and no side products were detected. The preliminary results reported here provide “proof of principle” for combining green, sustainable and supramolecular chemistries in the context of solar energy capture and release.
Community nurse specialists' translation of newly learned knowledge in primary healthcare: A mixed methods study
Authors: Berthelsen Connie , Møller Nicoline , Andersen Heidi M. , Bondesen Anne , Rothenberg Manja B. , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate how graduates of a Nurse Specialist Education in Community and Primary Healthcare Nursing programme self‐assess their competencies and possibilities to translate knowledge into practice.MethodsA mixed methods design based on the triangulation convergence model was used. Thirty‐four community nurse specialists, who had graduated from a Nurse Specialist Education in Community and Primary Healthcare Nursing programme, participated in a cross‐sectional survey and of these; seven nurses participated in a semi‐structured interview. Data from the survey were analysed using descriptive statistics and data from the interviews underwent a thematic analysis. All results were combined and compared according to the study design.FindingsThe combined comparison of the results from the survey and the findings from the interviews showed, how the community nurse specialists self‐assessed their competencies in direct clinical practice, professional development, ethical decision‐making, clinical leadership, cooperation and collaboration, and critical thinking as high. However, they experienced very few opportunities to translate their new knowledge in practice due to low alignment between the statutory purpose of the education and their own expectations.ConclusionsCompetent clinical nurses working in community care settings who completed an education in advanced community care experienced few opportunities to use their new knowledge in practice. The community nurse specialists' expectations of how to use their new knowledge in practice after graduation does not align with the statutory order of the specialist education, which is directed towards combining direct and specialised patient care with coordination of care trajectories for the most fragile patients. It is important to include the managers in coordination of the community nurse specialists' usage of their new knowledge in practice.
Family formation under the law: How immigration laws construct contemporary Latino/a immigrant families in the U.S.
Authors: Delgado Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSociologists of the family have established that U.S. laws play a fundamental role in shaping the outcomes of family members. This article builds on this work by examining how immigration law is instrumental to the family formation processes of contemporary Latino/a immigrant families. Drawing on insights from sociology of the family and immigrant incorporation literature, I argue that immigration laws aid in the creation of family typologies among Latino/a immigrants. This argument is supported by providing a historical overview of key federal immigration laws that affect Latino/a immigrant families and a discussion of five Latino/a immigrant family typologies: citizen/lawful permanent resident families, transnational families, separated families, mixed‐status families, and undocumented families. This article concludes with implications for scholars, students, and policymakers on how laws can be used to create harm but can also undo harm against immigrant families.
Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first 2 months after kidney transplant: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Antonio Mendoza Enciso Emmanuel , Cassandra Barajas García Carolina , Emiliano Rodriguez Jimenez Dante , Guadalupe Ortiz Lopez Margarita , Lilian Reza Escalera Ana , Teresa Tiscareño Gutiérrez María , Mario Gonzalez Gamez , Ivan Rodríguez Correa Gustavo , Mercedes Ramos Velazco , Alfredo Chew Wong , Rafael Reyes Acevedo , Lilian Guerrero Barrera Alma , Manuel Arreola Guerra Jose 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the first 2 months postrenal transplantation (pRT) is very high. We evaluate the efficacy of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) screening and treatment on the incidence of UTI in the first 2 months pRTMethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial. A urine culture was obtained in all patients on the day of the bladder catheter removal, on week three, and before removal of the ureteral catheter. The intervention group received treatment for AB. The control group did not receive treatment. The primary outcomes were the cumulative incidence of UTI and/or graft pyelonephritis and the time to the first episode of UTI and/or graft pyelonephritisResultsEighty patients were randomized, 40 in each group, and the median follow‐up was 63 days (IQR 54–70). The average age was 29.8 years and 33.7% (n = 27) were women. The incidences of UTI (n = 10, 25 % vs. n = 4, 10%, p = .07) and pyelonephritis (n = 6, 15% vs. n = 1, 2.5%, p = .04) were greater in the intervention group, as also shown in the survival analysis: UTI (HR2.8, 95% CI 0.8–9.1, p = .07) and pyelonephritis (HR 6.5, 95% CI 0.8–54.7, p = .08), respectively. The most commonly isolated bacterium was Escherichia coli (n = 28, 59.5%), and over half were E. coli with extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases (n = 15). A major limitation was not obtaining the calculated sample size due to a delay in patient recruitment resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemicConclusionTreatment of AB in the first 2 months pRT does not decrease the incidence of UTI or graft pyelonephritis and may actually increase their frequency. Routine treatment of AB during the first months after renal transplantation should not be a standard procedure.
image
The mechanistic basis of sodium exclusion in Puccinellia tenuiflora under conditions of salinity and potassium deprivation
Authors: Han Qing‐Qing , Wang Yong‐Ping , Li Jian , Li Jing , Yin Xiao‐Chang , Jiang Xing‐Yu , Yu Min , Wang Suo‐Min , Shabala Sergey , Zhang Jin‐Lin 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYSoil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt‐excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium‐deprived saline soils. Our previous work showed that P. tenuiflora possesses stronger selectivity for K+ than for Na+; however, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remained elusive. Here, P. tenuiflora PutHKT1;5 was cloned and the functions of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 were characterized using heterologous expression systems. Yeast assays showed that PutHKT1;5 possessed Na+ transporting capacity and was highly selective for Na+ over K+. PutSOS1 was located at the plasma membrane and operated as a Na+/K+ exchanger, with much stronger Na+ extrusion capacity than its homolog from Arabidopsis. PutHKT2;1 mediated high‐affinity K+ and Na+ uptake and its expression levels were upregulated by mild salinity and K+ deprivation. Salinity‐induced changes of root PutHKT1;5 and PutHKT1;4 transcript levels matched the expression pattern of root PutSOS1, which was consistent with root Na+ efflux. The transcript levels of root PutHKT2;1 and PutAKT1 were downregulated by salinity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the functional activity of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 in P. tenuiflora roots is fine‐tuned under saline conditions as well as by operation of other ion transporters/channel (PutHKT1;4, PutHKT2;1, and PutAKT1). This leads to the coordination of radial Na+ and K+ transport processes, their loading to the xylem, or Na+ retrieval and extrusion under conditions of mild salinity and/or K+ deprivation.
Economical viability analysis of an innovative gravity‐driven rainwater harvesting system for a commercial office building
Authors: Shiguang Chen , Hongwei Sun , Song Liu , Qiuli Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGravity‐driven rainwater harvesting (RWH) system showcases a promising alternative solution to reduce energy consumption in rainwater recycling. However, the economic efficiency is one of the most concerns with regard to the adoption of this green infrastructure. In this study, a commercial official building has a rooftop area of 1600 m2 and with 560 inhabitants was assumed to apply two configurations of RWH system (i.e., gravity system and pressure system), and comparative study was conducted to evaluate the economic performance of two RWH systems. The potential water saving quantity of the RWH system was simulated based on a daily water balance model and their expected economic efficiency were discussed in terms of benefit cost ratio and net present value. Results shown that only when the building height is higher than 102 m or the property rent is less than 0.4 CNY (China Yuan) per square metre per day, can make the gravity system economically attractive. This study provides an innovative approach to utilize roof rainwater in a more low‐energy mode; it is of great significance to promote building energy‐saving and carbon reduction.
Automatized Experimental Combustor Development Using Adaptive Surrogate Model-Based Optimization
Authors: Reumschüssel Johann Moritz , Zur Nedden Philipp Maximilian , von Saldern Jakob G. R. , Reichel Thoralf G. , Ćosić Bernhard , Paschereit Christian Oliver 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lean premixed combustion is the state-of-the-art technology to achieve ultra low NOx emissions in stationary gas turbines. However, lean premixed flames are susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities, lean blowout, and flashback. The design of such a combustion system is thus always related to the balancing between the levels of emissions and flame stability. Data-driven optimization methods and the adaptation of models through artificial intelligence have experienced a surge in development in the past years. The goal of this study is to show the potential of these methods for gas turbine burner development. A special pilot burner that features 61 different positions of fuel injection, manufactured by means of selective laser melting is used to modify the gas mixture close to the flame anchoring position. Each of the injector lines is equipped with an individual valve, such that the distribution of fuel-air mixture can be modified variously. Installed into an industrial MGT6000 swirl combustor, a data-driven optimization method is used to find an optimal subset of injection locations by automated experiments. The method uses a surrogate model that is based on Gaussian processes regression. It is adopted for experimental optimization, keeping measurement efforts to a minimum. The optimizer controls the fuel valves and uses live measurements to find a distribution that generates minimal NOx emissions while ensuring flame stability. The solutions found by the optimization scheme are analyzed and advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed.
COVID-19 vaccination: patient uptake and attitudes in a multi-ethnic North London maternity unit
Authors: Davies Dorothy , McDougall Anna , Prophete Amelia , Sivashanmugarajan Viswapriya , Yoong Wai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeCOVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women has been low, particularly in younger and ethnic minority mothers. We performed a ‘snapshot’ survey to explore vaccine uptake and factors which influence this, as well as underlying beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in a North London hospital.Study designPregnant women were invited to complete an anonymised survey, where data were collected on demographics, personal and household vaccination status, and beliefs about the vaccine. Free-text comments were analysed thematically.ResultsTwo hundred and two women completed the survey, of whom 56.9% (n=115) were unvaccinated and 43.1% (n=87) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with 35.6% (n=72) having received two doses. Factors associated with acceptance of vaccination included: (a) age over 25 years (57.6% vaccinated vs 17.2% under 25 years); (b) Asian ethnicity (69.4% vaccinated vs 41.2% white ethnicity, 27.5% black/Caribbean/African/black-British ethnicity and 12.5% mixed ethnicity) and (c) living in a vaccinated household (63.7% vaccinated vs 9.7% living in an unvaccinated household) (all p&lt;0.001). Vaccine uptake was higher in women who had relied on formal medical advice as their main source of information compared with other sources (59.0% vs 37.5% friends and family, 30.4% news and 21.4% social media). Qualitative data revealed concerns about a lack of information regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.ConclusionAge, ethnicity, household vaccination status and information source influenced vaccination status in our pregnant population. These findings highlight the urgent need to tackle vaccine mistrust and disseminate pregnancy-specific vaccine safety data to pregnant women.Trial registration number5467.
Long-term ocean and resource dynamics in a hotspot of climate change
Authors: Lotze Heike K. , Mellon Stefanie , Coyne Jonathan , Betts Matthew , Burchell Meghan , Fennel Katja , Dusseault Marisa A. , Fuller Susanna D. , Galbraith Eric , Garcia Suarez Lina , de Gelleke Laura , Golombek Nina , Kelly Brianne , Kuehn Sarah D. , Oliver Eric , MacKinnon Megan , Muraoka Wendy , Predham Ian T.G. , Rutherford Krysten , Shackell Nancy , Sherwood Owen , Sibert Elizabeth C. , Kienast Markus 
Published: August 2022

The abundance, distribution, and size of marine species are linked to temperature and nutrient regimes and are profoundly affected by humans through exploitation and climate change. Yet little is known about long-term historical links between ocean environmental changes and resource abundance to provide context for current and potential future trends and inform conservation and management. We synthesize >4000 years of climate and marine ecosystem dynamics in a Northwest Atlantic region currently undergoing rapid changes, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. This period spans the late Holocene cooling and recent warming and includes both Indigenous and European influence. We compare environmental records from instrumental, sedimentary, coral, and mollusk archives with ecological records from fossils, archaeological, historical, and modern data, and integrate future model projections of environmental and ecosystem changes. This multidisciplinary synthesis provides insight into multiple reference points and shifting baselines of environmental and ecosystem conditions, and projects a near-future departure from natural climate variability in 2028 for the Scotian Shelf and 2034 for the Gulf of Maine. Our work helps advancing integrative end-to-end modeling to improve the predictive capacity of ecosystem forecasts with climate change. Our results can be used to adjust marine conservation strategies and network planning and adapt ecosystem-based management with climate change.
The low-lying hidden- and double-charm tetraquark states in a constituent quark model with instanton-induced interaction
Authors: Wang Jin-Bao , Li Gang , An Chun-Sheng , Deng Cheng-Rong , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpectrum of the low-lying hidden- and double-charm tetraquark states are investigated in a nonrelativistic quark potential model, where the instanton-induced interaction is taken as the residual spin-dependent hyperfine interaction between quarks. The model parameters are fixed by fitting the spectrum of the ground hadron states. Our numerical results show that masses of several presently studied tetraquark states are close to those of the experimentally observed candidates of exotic meson, which indicates that the corresponding compact tetraquark components may take considerable probabilities in those observed exotic states.
Beam steering with quasi-mosaic bent silicon single crystals: computer simulations for 855 MeV and 6.3 GeV electrons and comparison with experiments
Authors: Backe H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations have been performed for 855 MeV and 6.3 GeV electrons channeling in silicon single crystals at circular bent (111) planes. The aim was to identify critical experimental parameters which affect the volume-deflection and volume-capture characteristics. To these belongs the angular alignment of the crystal with respect to the nominal beam direction. The continuum potential picture has been utilized. The simulation results were compared with experiments. It turns out that the assumption of an anticlastic bending of the crystal, bent on the principle of the quasi-mosaic effect, is not required to reproduce the gross features of the experimental observations for two examined examples.Graphical abstract
Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces with Adaptive Transmit Power for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Alhamad Raed , Boujemaa Hatem 
Published: August 2022

In this article, we study the performance of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) with adaptive transmit power (ATP). The power of secondary source is adapted to have a low interference at primary destination. IRS with ATP offers 14, 20, 26, 32, and 38 dB gains versus the absence of IRS for

N
=
8,16,32,64
,
and

128

reflectors. Rayleigh channels are studied with arbitrary positions of primary and secondary nodes.
A literatura cada vez mais digital: a presença de escritoras e iniciativas culturais no meio virtual durante o distanciamento social
Authors: Bento Oluwa Seyi Salles 
Published: August 2022

Os quase dois anos de pandemia causaram profundas mudanças em nossas vidas pessoais e em sociedade. Descobrimos, inventamos e recuperamos formas de nos relacionar, comunicar, locomover pela cidade e também de produzir e apreciar literatura. As lives no Instagram, Facebook e Youtube, os vídeos-minuto postados nestas e em outras plataformas, os eventos completamente virtuais - como lançamentos, saraus e rodas de conversa sobre literatura - são fenômenos que, apesar de não terem sido criados nos longos meses de distanciamento social que experienciamos, se tornaram ferramentas basilares para o compartilhamento e a publicização de trabalhos literários e editoriais. Este artigo, que é um recorte de comunicação oral apresentada no XX Encontro de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, objetiva apresentar e examinar algumas experiências virtuais que, ao longo da pandemia de COVID-19, foram e seguem sendo possíveis na trajetória de escritoras e iniciativas culturais brasileiras, como Carol Dall Farra, Conceição Evaristo a FLUP (Festa Literária das Periferias).
Disparities in Reperfusion Therapy and Time Delays Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke and a History of Mental Illness
Authors: Mackenhauer Julie , Frischknecht Christensen Erika , Andersen Grethe , Mainz Jan , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Comorbid mental illness may delay recognition of stroke symptoms and reduce the chance of reperfusion therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the use of reperfusion therapy and treatment delays in patients with or without a history of mental illness.

Methods:
A nationwide registry-based cohort study of patients with ischemic stroke. We combined data from the Danish Stroke Registry and the Danish Quality Database for Prehospital Emergency Medical Services from 2016 to 2017 containing information on reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or thrombectomy) and relevant time stamps. Patients were categorized according to the severity of their mental health history (how recent and severity, for example, hospital- versus primary-based care).

Results:
A total of 19 592 admissions were included (18% had a minor, 3% had a moderate, and 3% had a history of major mental illness). Significant differences were found regarding age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors. Reperfusion therapy was used in 17% of patients.

Patients
with a history of mental illness were less likely to receive reperfusion therapy: risk ratios with 95% CI were 0.79 (0.72–0.86) for minor, 0.85 (0.72–0.99) for moderate, and 0.63 (0.51–0.77) for patients with a history major mental illness, respectively. Total prehospital delay was longer for patients with a history of major mental illness compared to patients with no history of mental illness, especially when no call had been made to the emergency medical service. The median times from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 811 minutes (197–2845) and 115 minutes (41–188), respectively. We found no differences regarding door-to-needle time, response time, on-scene time, transport time, nor in time-to-imaging among patients arriving within 4 hours from symptoms onset between patients with and without a history of mental illness.

Conclusions:
Almost one-quarter of patients with ischemic stroke had a history of mental illness. Regardless of severity of mental illness, these patients were less likely to receive reperfusion therapy. Longer delays from symptom onset to hospital arrival contributed to the patients’ risk of not being eligible for reperfusion therapy.
Facility Size and Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Hairr Marsha , Tumin Dmitry , Greene Erika , Ledoux Matthew , Longshore Shannon 
Published: August 2022

Background Pediatric trauma outcomes can vary across facilities, yet evidence on the relationship between facility bed size and pediatric trauma outcomes has been mixed. We aimed to identify how facility bed size might modify the impact of patient-level risk factors on mortality in pediatric trauma. We hypothesized that patient-level risk factors would have a stronger association with mortality at smaller trauma centers, and a weaker association with mortality at larger centers. Methods We used deidentified data obtained from the 2017-2018 Trauma Quality Programs registry, including patients ages 0-18 years of age who were admitted to the hospital. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Facility bed size was dichotomized as large (>600 beds) vs small/medium (≤600 beds). Sensitivity analyses used 200 and 400 beds as alternative cutoffs. Interaction between facility bed size and patient characteristics was assessed using unadjusted logistic regression, with statistically significant interactions entered in a final, fully adjusted model. Results The analysis included 171 810 patients (mean age 10 ± 5 years; 65%/35% male/female), including 28% treated in a large hospital and 1.2% who died during the hospitalization. Controlling for trauma center level (or subsetting to pediatric trauma centers only), larger bed size did not reduce mortality risk associated with patient characteristics such as injury mechanism, injury severity, or patient demographics. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, greater facility bed size was not associated with reduced mortality risk associated with patient characteristics. Future studies are needed to identify hospital practices or characteristics that can attenuate the excess risk of known patient-level risk factors.