bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional traits of plants and pollinators explain resource overlap between honeybees and wild pollinators
Authors: Cappellari Andree , Bonaldi Giovanna , Mei Maurizio , Paniccia Dino , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManaged and wild pollinators often cohabit in both managed and natural ecosystems. The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, is the most widespread managed pollinator species. Due to its density and behaviour, it can potentially influence the foraging activity of wild pollinators, but the strength and direction of this effect are often context-dependent. Here, we observed plant–pollinator interactions in 51 grasslands, and we measured functional traits of both plants and pollinators. Using a multi-model inference approach, we explored the effects of honeybee abundance, temperature, plant functional diversity, and trait similarity between wild pollinators and the honeybee on the resource overlap between wild pollinators and the honeybee. Resource overlap decreased with increasing honeybee abundance only in plant communities with high functional diversity, suggesting a potential diet shift of wild pollinators in areas with a high variability of flower morphologies. Moreover, resource overlap increased with increasing trait similarity between wild pollinators and the honeybee. In particular, central-place foragers of family Apidae with proboscis length similar to the honeybee exhibited the highest resource overlap. Our results underline the importance of promoting functional diversity of plant communities to support wild pollinators in areas with a high density of honeybee hives. Moreover, greater attention should be paid to areas where pollinators possess functional traits similar to the honeybee, as they are expected to be more prone to potential competition with this species.
Testing tests before testing data: an untold tale of compound events and binary dependence
Authors: Serinaldi Francesco , Lombardo Federico , Kilsby Chris G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn any statistical investigation, we deal with the applications of probability theory to real problems, and the conclusions are inferences based on observations. To obtain plausible inferences, statistical analysis requires careful understanding of the underlying probabilistic model, which constrains the extraction and interpretation of information from observational data, and must be preliminarily checked under controlled conditions. However, these very first principles of statistical analysis are often neglected in favor of superficial and automatic application of increasingly available ready-to-use software, which might result in misleading conclusions, confusing the effect of model constraints with meaningful properties of the process of interest. To illustrate the consequences of this approach, we consider the emerging research area of so-called ‘compound events’, defined as a combination of multiple drivers and/or hazards that contribute to hydro-climatological risk. In particular, we perform an independent validation analysis of a statistical testing procedure applied to binary series describing the joint occurrence of hydro-climatological events or extreme values, which is supposed to be superior to classical analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficient. To this aim, we suggest a theoretically grounded model relying on Pearson correlation coefficient and marginal rates of occurrence, which enables accurate reproduction of the observed joint behavior of binary series, and offers a sound simulation tool useful for informing risk assessment procedures. Our discussion on compound events highlights the dangers of renaming known topics, using imprecise definitions and overlooking or misusing existing statistical methods. On the other hand, our model-based approach reveals that consistent statistical analyses should rely on informed stochastic modeling in order to avoid the proposal of flawed methods, and the untimely dismissal of well-devised theories.
Clinical pathways for the management of low back pain from primary to specialised care: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Cathriona , French Helen , McCarthy Geraldine , Cunningham Caitriona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical pathways for low back pain (LBP) have potential to improve clinical outcomes and health service efficiency. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence for clinical pathways for LBP and/or radicular leg pain from primary to specialised care and to describe key pathway components.

Methods
Electronic database searches (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE) from 2006 onwards were conducted with further manual and citation searching. Two independent reviewers conducted eligibility assessment, data extraction and quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis of findings is presented.

Results
From 18,443 identified studies, 28 papers met inclusion criteria. Pathways were developed primarily to address over-burdened secondary care services in high-income countries and almost universally used interface services with a triage remit at the primary-secondary care boundary. Accordingly, evaluation of healthcare resource use and patient flow predominated, with interface services associated with enhanced service efficiency through decreased wait times and appropriate use of consultant appointments. Low quality study designs, heterogeneous outcomes and insufficient comparative data precluded definitive conclusions regarding clinical- and cost-effectiveness. Pathways demonstrated basic levels of care integration across the primary-secondary care boundary.

Conclusions
The limited volume of research evaluating clinical pathways for LBP/radicular leg pain and spanning primary and specialised care predominantly used interface services to ensure appropriate specialised care referrals with associated increased efficiency of care delivery. Pathways demonstrated basic levels of care integration across healthcare boundaries. Well-designed randomised controlled trials to explore the potential of clinical pathways to improve clinical outcomes, deliver cost-effective, guideline-concordant care and enhance care integration are required.
Children’s ADHD and Dysregulation Problems, DAT1 Genotype and Methylation, and their Interplay with Family Environment
Authors: Marzilli Eleonora , Cerniglia Luca , Tambelli Renata , Cimino Silvia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
International literature has underlined the complex interplay between genetic and environmental variables in shaping children’s emotional-behavioral functioning.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the dynamic relationship between children’s Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) genotype and methylation, and maternal and paternal affective environment, on children’s Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems and dysregulation problems.

Method
In a community sample of 76 families with school-aged children, we assessed children’s DAT1 genotype and methylation, their own ADHD problems and dysregulation profile (CBCL 6–18 DP), and maternal and paternal psychopathological risk, parenting stress, and marital adjustment. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to verify the possible moderation of children’s genotype on the relationship between children’s methylation and psychopathological risk, parental environment and children’s methylation, and parental environment and children’s psychopathological risk.

Results
The levels of methylation at M1 CpG significantly predicted ADHD problems among children with 10/10 genotype, whereas high levels of methylation at M6 CpG predicted low ADHD problems for children with 9/x genotype. High levels of methylation at M3 CpG were associated with high scores of CBCL DP. DAT1 genotype moderated the relationship between maternal and paternal variables with children’s methylation and psychopathological risk. The scores of maternal and paternal Dyadic Adjustment Scale showed indirect effects on children’s methylation and psychopathological risk in relation to those exerted by risk factors.

Conclusion
Our study has supported the emerging evidence on the complex nature of children’s emotional-behavioral functioning and the associated risk and protective factors, with important implications for the planning of preventive programs.
“In and Out of Crisis”: Life Course Criminalization for Jefas in the Barrio
Authors: Maldonado-Fabela Katherine L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScholars have documented how violence, criminalization, and other forms of control impact the life trajectories of criminalized women. Less research exists on the ways that processes of criminalization affect the health of mothers across the life course. This study examines how the legal constructions of criminalized labels such as gang affiliation, are a process of long-term violence and threat of violence and second, how short and long-term criminalization affects family health–what I refer to as life course criminalization. This qualitative study is based on photo elicitation life history testimonios with 13 gang affiliated, system-impacted Chicana/Latina mothers from South Central Los Angeles, California and connects life course theory with feminist abolitionist decolonial perspectives. It documents how crises perpetuated by multi-institutional violence and other forms of violence influence relations between legal, social, and health related experiences for system-impacted mothers and their families. Through their testimonios they show the intergenerational mechanisms that connect the body’s health, family surveillance, and criminalization processes to survival, and spiritual resistance.
Fluoride levels in river water from the volcanic regions of Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Revelo-Mejía Inés A. , Gutiérrez-Idrobo Robinson , López-Fernández Vilma A. , López-Rosales Alejandra , Astaiza-Montenegro Francy C. , Garcés-Rengifo Leomary , López-Ordoñez Paola A. , Hardisson Arturo , Rubio Carmen , Gutiérrez Ángel J. , Paz Soraya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluoride concentrations of 0.5 mg/L in drinking water are considered useful for dental caries prevention. However, fluoride concentrations higher than 1.2 mg/L in water can pose a risk of dental fluorosis due to high exposure to fluoride. The objective is to determine the fluoride concentration in water from aqueducts of different Colombian municipalities of Cauca (Popayán, Coconuco, and Puracé) to assess the fluoride dietary intake from the consumption of this water. A total of 66 water samples have been taken from Popayán, Coconuco, and Puracé. Fluoride content was determined by fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry. The fluoride concentrations recorded in Coconuco and Puracé water were ≤ 0.002 mg/L. The mean fluoride content recorded in the Popayán water was 0.42 mg/L, with its highest concentration in Cauca River water (0.83 mg/L). Considering the admissible intake values, the water from Popayán confers remarkable fluoride intakes, especially in children with high percentages of contribution to the admissible daily intake (46.7% to 7- to 12-month children and 41.5% to 1- to 3-year children). The fluoride content in the water of Coconuco and Puracé does not reach an optimal value (< 0.5 mg/L) for the protective effect against dental caries, while the water of the main Cauca River basin does reach the optimal value. Likewise, the intake of fluoride from the consumption of the analyzed water does not confer any health risk. However, the implementation of monitoring systems for fluoride levels is recommended in order to safeguard the consumer’s health.
CADA: a teacher-facing learning analytics dashboard to foster teachers’ awareness of students’ participation and discourse patterns in online discussions
Authors: Kaliisa Rogers , Dolonen Jan Arild 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the potential of learning analytics (LA) to support teachers’ everyday practice, its adoption has not been fully embraced due to the limited involvement of teachers as co-designers of LA systems and interventions. This is the focus of the study described in this paper. Following a design-based research (DBR) approach and guided by concepts from the socio-cultural perspective and human-computer interaction (HCI), we design, test, and evaluate a teacher-facing LA dashboard, the Canvas Discussion Analytics Dashboard (CADA), in real educational settings. The goal of this dashboard is to support teachers’ roles in online environments through insights into students’ participation and discourse patterns. We evaluate CADA through 10 in-depth interviews with university teachers to examine their experiences using CADA in seven blended undergraduate and graduate courses over a one-year period. The findings suggest that engaging teachers throughout the analytics tool design process and giving them control/agency over LA tools can favour their adoption in practice. Additionally, the alignment of dashboard metrics with relevant theoretical constructs allows teachers to monitor the learning designs and make course design changes on the fly. The teachers in this study emphasise the need for LA dashboards to provide actionable insights by moving beyond what things are towards how things should be. This study has several contributions. First, we make an artefact contribution (e.g. CADA), an LA dashboard to support teachers with insights into students’ online discussions. Second, by leveraging theory, and working with the teachers to develop and implement a dashboard in authentic teaching environments, we make an empirical, theoretical and methodological contribution to the field of learning analytics and technology enhanced learning. We synthesise these through practical design and implementation considerations for researchers, dashboard developers, and higher education institutions.
Agency dynamics of International Environmental Agreements: actors, contexts, and drivers
Authors: Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen Sylvia , Rietig Katharina , Scobie Michelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe structural elements of global environmental governance are notoriously difficult to change and align with the needs of a rapidly deteriorating earth system. This, however, only increases the need to focus on the role of agency in this context. This paper does so by taking stock of what we know about agency in relation to International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) and suggests directions for future research. We contribute a conceptual framework to enable the mapping of research on agency related to IEAs and advance more systematic study of agency in this context. The framework differentiates between the negotiation of IEAs, their implementation and outcomes, and includes agency-related and context-related drivers of agency in these processes. We subsequently review articles published between 2003 and 2020 in the journal International Environmental Agreements (as one of the few journals exclusively focusing on IEAs) dealing with actors’ agency and analyse how these articles address agency in the context of IEAs. We conclude firstly by identifying avenues for how further research can fill important gaps, including a need for increased transparency on the methods and theories used in articles, and more comparative research particularly on agency dynamics in implementation; and secondly by highlighting important pointers for policy-makers including the need to re-evaluate the role of national sovereignty and address the forces that counteract equality and justice. Key lessons include the need to improve global south countries' capacity to influence IEA negotiations (input legitimacy), the central role of public and peer pressure on countries to implement commitments, the impact of multilevel governance dynamics and the importance of ensuring that IEAs benefit local communities (output legitimacy).
Influence of graft vascularization on graft survival following homologous limbo-keratoplasty
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Werner Nicole , Böhringer Daniel , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Limbo-keratoplasty enables visual improvement and limbal stem cell transplantation at the same. During follow-up, most grafts show vascularization of the limbus. However, it is unclear whether vascularization is harmful due to immunologic effects or helpful to nourish the limbal stem cells and is therefore necessary for a clear graft. The aim of our study is to analyze the influence of graft vascularization on graft survival following homologous limbo-keratoplasty.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we assessed all consecutive limbo-keratoplasties performed in our hospital. All eyes with suitable photo-documentation were included and divided into two groups (limbal stem cell deficiency and corneal dystrophy). We categorized the grade of vascularization (0, 1, 2, 3, 3b) and analyzed clear graft survival, recurrence of the underlying disease and the endothelial cell density (ECD) with regard to the reason for the graft. Event rates were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
A total of 79 eyes with limbal stem cell deficiency and 15 with corneal dystrophies were analyzed. A high degree of graft vascularization had a tendency for better graft survival in limbal stem cell deficiency, whereas in corneal dystrophies, grafts with no vascularization had preferable outcomes. Recurrence-free graft survival was only seen in grade 1 and 3 vascularization in corneal dystrophies.

Conclusion
Vascularization of the limbus seems to have an impact on the long-term outcome of limbo-keratoplasty. The effect seems to be favorable in limbal stem cell deficiency and on recurrence rates in corneal dystrophies. However, the latter might be overshadowed by an unfavorable immunologic effect in corneal dystrophies where the baseline immunologic risk profile is commonly more favorable than in limbal stem cell deficiency.
Problem gambling and anxiety disorders in the general swedish population – a case control study
Authors: Sundqvist Kristina , Wennberg Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCo-occurring psychiatric comorbidity is high among problem gamblers, and anxiety disorders has repeatedly been linked to problem gambling. Less conclusive, however, is the association between problem gambling and specific anxiety disorders. The aim of this study is to examine the association between problem gambling and specific anxiety disorders in subgroups of gender, age and socio-economic status (SES) in the general Swedish population. A case-control design was employed - nested in the Swedish longitudinal gambling study cohort. All anxiety disorders studied - Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), were significantly associated with problem gambling, however the pattern differed across subgroups. Social Phobia was the anxiety disorder most commonly associated with problem gambling across subgroups. The strongest associations between problem gambling and various anxiety disorders were found in participants under the age of 25, among females, and in the group with middle SES. In those groups three of the four anxiety disorders studied were significantly associated with problem gambling, with different patterns. Quite remarkably, participants under the age of 25 had three times higher risk of having had GAD compared to their controls. Efforts to prevent an escalation of either gambling or anxiety could target the presented vulnerable groups specifically.
Low Temperature Characteristics of the Metal–Superconductor NIS Tunneling Thermometer
Authors: Karimi Bayan , Chang Yu-Cheng , Pekola Jukka P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe discuss the temperature dependence of a common low temperature local thermometer, a tunnel junction between a superconductor and a normal metal (NIS junction). Towards the lowest temperatures its characteristics tend to saturate, which is usually attributed to selfheating effects. In this technical note, we reanalyze this saturation and show that the temperature independent subgap current of the junction alone explains in some cases the low temperature behavior quantitatively.
Heterogeneous graph embedding with single-level aggregation and infomax encoding
Authors: Chairatanakul Nuttapong , Liu Xin , Hoang Nguyen Thai , Murata Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in developing embedding methods for heterogeneous graph-structured data. The state-of-the-art approaches often adopt a bi-level aggregation scheme, where the first level aggregates information of neighbors belonging to the same type or group, and the second level employs the averaging or attention mechanism to aggregate the outputs of the first level. We find that bi-level aggregation may suffer from a down-weighting issue and overlook individual node information, especially when there is an imbalance in the number of different typed relations. We develop a new simple yet effective single-level aggregation scheme with infomax encoding, named HIME, for unsupervised heterogeneous graph embedding. Our single-level aggregation scheme performs relation-specific transformation to obtain homogeneous embeddings before aggregating information from multiple typed neighbors. Thus, it emphasizes each neighbor’s equal contribution and does not suffer from the down-weighting issue. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HIME consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in link prediction, node classification, and node clustering tasks.
A web-based survey of UK pharmacists to assess the effectiveness of Viagra Connect® additional risk minimisation measures
Authors: Lem Joanna , Collins Janine , Maguire Terry , Sobel Rachel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground To support reclassification in the UK of sildenafil citrate (50 mg) from prescription-only medicine to a pharmacy medicine (P status) under the brand name “Viagra Connect®”, additional risk minimisation measures were implemented that included training materials and an optional checklist to assist community pharmacists in the safe supply of Viagra Connect® to suitable patients. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Viagra Connect® additional risk minimisation measures by assessing community pharmacists’ participation in training, their knowledge of key risk messages, and utilisation of the checklist. Setting A post-authorisation safety study implemented as a web-based survey, conducted in a representative population of UK community pharmacists. Method A random sample of community pharmacists who received at least 1 request to supply Viagra Connect® within the past 6 months completed an online questionnaire of 33 closed-ended questions/statements with multiple-choice responses. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Main outcome measure Knowledge of key risk messages and dispensing practices communicated in the additional risk minimisation measures. Results The survey was completed by 345 community pharmacists. Respondents displayed a high level of knowledge of key risk messages, with ≥80 % selecting correct answers for 43/51 items. Nearly all respondents (90.1 %) reported that the training materials were useful/very useful, and reported using the checklist at the point of supply (91.9 %). Counselling of patients who requested Viagra Connect® was generally considered a positive exercise. Conclusions The Viagra Connect® additional risk minimisation measures were effective for education of community pharmacists and to ensure safe supply of Viagra Connect® behind-the-counter to patients.