bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating cold-start problems in drug-target affinity prediction with interaction knowledge transferring
Authors: Nguyen Tri Minh , Nguyen Thin , Tran Truyen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Predicting the drug-target interaction is crucial for drug discovery as well as drug repurposing. Machine learning is commonly used in drug-target affinity (DTA) problem. However, the machine learning model faces the cold-start problem where the model performance drops when predicting the interaction of a novel drug or target. Previous works try to solve the cold start problem by learning the drug or target representation using unsupervised learning. While the drug or target representation can be learned in an unsupervised manner, it still lacks the interaction information, which is critical in drug-target interaction. To incorporate the interaction information into the drug and protein interaction, we proposed using transfer learning from chemical–chemical interaction (CCI) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) task to drug-target interaction task. The representation learned by CCI and PPI tasks can be transferred smoothly to the DTA task due to the similar nature of the tasks. The result on the DTA datasets shows that our proposed method has advantages compared to other pre-training methods in the DTA task.
Transitioning women to first-line preferred TLD regimen is lagging in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Shah Neha , Esber Allahna , Sean Cavanaugh J , Agaba Patricia , Dear Nicole , Iroezindu Michael , Bahemana Emmanuel , Kibuuka Hannah , Owuoth John , Maswai Jonah , Singoei Valentine , Crowell Trevor A , Polyak Christina S , Ake Julie A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) as the preferred first line regimen for adults and adolescents regardless of childbearing status. Nevertheless, final eligibility is determined by local policies which may vary from WHO recommendations. We examined TLD transition by gender across five PEPFAR-supported HIV care programs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
The African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) enrolls people living with HIV (PLWH) engaged in care in Uganda, Kenya (South Rift Valley and Kisumu West), Tanzania and Nigeria. PLWH with at least one study visit after the country introduced TLD were included. We generated Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves to compare TLD transition by gender from 1) time countries’ introduction of TLD and 2) time of TLD eligibility according to local policies.

Results
Among 2.476 participants enrolled through September 2021 at 4 sites in sub-Saharan Africa and eligible to transition to TLD, fewer women (68%) compared to men (80%, p &lt; 0.001) were taking TLD. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed time to transition varied by site, with women in Tanzania transitioning at the same rate as men. In Nigeria, women initially had a slower transition but caught up to men. After adjusting for local policies, women[1] in Kisumu West transitioned at the same rate as men. In South Rift Valley and Uganda, women were less likely to be transitioned.

Conclusions
Despite TLD being the WHO’s preferred regimen since 2019, transition of women to potentially lifesaving TLD has been slower than men at certain clinical sites even after accounting for local eligibility criteria.
LBD: a manually curated database of experimentally validated lymphoma biomarkers
Authors: Tan Bin , Xin Saige , Hu Yanshi , Feng Cong , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease caused by malignant proliferation of lymphocytes, resulting in significant mortality worldwide. While more and more lymphoma biomarkers have been identified with the advent and development of precision medicine, there are currently no databases dedicated to systematically gathering these scattered treasures. Therefore, we developed a lymphoma biomarker database (LBD) to curate experimentally validated lymphoma biomarkers in this study. LBD consists of 793 biomarkers extracted from 978 articles covering diverse subtypes of lymphomas, including 715 single and 78 combined biomarkers. These biomarkers can be categorized into molecular, cellular, image, histopathological, physiological and other biomarkers with various functions such as prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. As a manually curated database that provides comprehensive information about lymphoma biomarkers, LBD is helpful for personalized diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.
Database URL
http://bis.zju.edu.cn/LBD
European epidemiological patterns of cannabis- and substance-related congenital cardiovascular anomalies: geospatiotemporal and causal inferential study
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As prenatal and community cannabis exposures have recently been linked with congenital heart disease (CHD), it was of interest to explore these associations in Europe in a causal framework and space-time context. Congenital anomaly data from Eurocat, drug-use data from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, and income from the World Bank. Countries with rising daily cannabis use had in general higher congenital anomaly rates over time than those without (time: status interaction: β-Est. = 0.0267, P = 0.0059). At inverse probability-weighted panel regression, cannabis terms were positive and significant for CHD, severe CHD, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, vascular disruptions, double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great vessels, hypoplastic right heart, and mitral valve anomalies from 1.75 × 10−19, 4.20 × 10−11, &lt;2.2 × 10−16, &lt;2.2 × 10−16, 1.58 × 10−12, 4.30 × 10−9, 4.36 × 10−16, 3.50 × 10−8, 5.35 × 10−12, &lt;2.2 × 10−16, 5.65 × 10−5 and 6.06 × 10−10. At spatial regression, terms including cannabis were positive and significant for this same list of anomalies from 0.0038, 1.05 × 10−10, 0.0215, 8.94 × 10−6, 1.23 × 10−5, 2.05 × 10−5, 1.07 × 10−6, 8.77 × 10−5, 9.11 × 10−6, 0.0001, 3.10 × 10−7 and 2.17 × 10−7. 92.6% and 75.2% of 149 E-value estimates and minimum E-values were in high zone &gt;9; 100.0% and 98.7% &gt;1.25. Data show many congenital cardiac anomalies exhibit strong bivariate relationships with metrics of cannabis exposure. Causal inferential modelling for the twelve anomalies selected demonstrated convincing evidence of robust relationships to cannabis which survived adjustment and fulfilled epidemiological criteria for causal relationships. Space-time regression was similarly confirmatory. Epigenomic pathways constitute viable potential mechanisms. Given exponential genotoxic dose-response effects, careful and astute control of cannabinoid penetration is indicated.
Combining echo-derived haemodynamic phenotypes and myocardial strain for risk stratification of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Dini Frank Lloyd , Pestelli Gabriele , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , D’Agostino Andreina , Pedrinelli Roberto , Mele Donato 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Echocardiography has shown to categorize heart failure (HF) patients according to haemodynamic profiles. Whether left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) could integrate echo-derived haemodynamic profiles to risk stratify chronic HF patients is still unknown.

Methods and results
Chronic HF outpatients with LV ejection fraction (LV-EF) &lt;50% (n = 351) and LV-GLS assessment were evaluated and divided according to four haemodynamic phenotypes based on LV stroke volume index (SVI), LV filling pressure (LVFP), and right ventricular (RV) function: normal output-normal LVFP (NO-NP), normal output-high LVFP (NO-HP), low output-no RV dysfunction (LO-NRVD), and low output-RV dysfunction (LO-RVD). RV function was defined using the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and RV free-wall longitudinal strain. The median follow-up duration was 3.3 years. The combination of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The prevalence of NO-NP, NO-HP, LO-NRVD, and LO-RVD were 38%, 22%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. The haemodynamic model independently predicted primary and secondary outcomes, with incremental prognostic information over LV-EF (all P-values &lt;0.001 for C-statistics). When univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the prognostic stratification capability of LV-GLS in different haemodynamic subgroups, we observed a reduction in LV-GLS hazard ratios from the NO-NP to the LO-RVD for every endpoint.

Conclusion
There was a continuum in LV-GLS impairment across the spectrum of haemodynamic phenotypes and its prognostic value resulted variable depending on the types of chronic HF patients. The highest prognostic information added by LV-GLS was in patients with normal SVI.
China and Zambia: creating a sovereign debt crisis
Authors: Brautigam Deborah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Does Zambia's exceptionally high level of Chinese loan commitments provide insights into China's financial statecraft? Some have argued that Chinese lending to Zambia reflects China's purposeful use of loans to build leverage and perhaps acquire strategic assets. This article uses new data on Chinese loans, lenders and contractors and process-tracing to argue instead that Zambia is an extreme case of coordination problems in Chinese lending. Among all African countries with Chinese loans, Zambia has had the largest number of distinct Chinese lenders since 2000 (18) and the second largest number of different Chinese contractors winning Chinese loan-financed projects (29). This multiplication of stakeholders has created fierce and unregulated competition for infrastructure contracts in Zambia. In Beijing, ‘fragmented authoritarianism’ has meant an absence of top-down coordination of firms' and lenders' activities and thus few restraints. At the same time, Zambia's political leaders disregarded their own restraints on over-borrowing. Distinctive Chinese ideas about debt sustainability likely created additional disincentives for close Chinese monitoring. Finally, Zambia's history of frequent debt cancellations from China and other lenders likely exacerbated moral hazard risks.
The Imagination and International Relations
Authors: Sparks Caitlin , Brincat Shannon , Aistrope Tim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The imagination is at the heart of what it means to be human. For this reason, it has been the subject of close examination across time and locale. Yet, while international relations (IR) researchers often mobilize the term rhetorically, its character and operations remain underconceptualized in the discipline and disconnected from the rich literatures that explore this vital faculty. This article identifies a commonsense account of the imagination in IR's most pervasive discourse on order and anarchy. Taking its cues from the Hobbesian tradition, here a distinctly monological imagination is fearful and pessimistic, rooted in the overriding dread of a sudden and violent death. We draw out its underlying assumptions by foregrounding the deliberate, systematic, and sustained construction of the imagination in Hobbes’ Leviathan, where it acts as a crucial and animating impetus for the Hobbesian subject, including in the oft-analogized “state of nature” scenario. We argue that this Hobbesian imagination has been superseded by a multidisciplinary contemporary scholarship that presents a markedly different view. Anyone thinking seriously about the imagination today should disagree with the Hobbesian account, reconsider theories of international relations predicated on it, and explore the political possibilities entailed in other approaches.
We Can Do Better at Protecting Our Service Members From Skin Cancer
Authors: Rosenberg Alexandra , Cho Sunghun 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Skin cancer rates have been steadily increasing among the American public for decades, but multiple studies have demonstrated that the U.S. military suffers from higher rates of skin cancer than the general public. As with so many aspects of health, simple preventive measures made early on can dramatically improve long-term health outcomes. Ample research has demonstrated that ultraviolet protection reduces skin damage and cancer rates. Although further research is needed to fully understand current barriers to soldiers’ use of sun protection, we recommend a variety of simple measures the U.S. military can implement to reduce skin cancer risk for our soldiers. Early education and intervention to reduce skin cancer risk and promote sun-protective strategies is critical. These include improving sun protection offered by uniform items, such as increasing the availability of the sun hat, using eye protection with tinted inserts, and testing and publicizing the ultraviolet protection level of uniform items. We also recommend increasing sunscreen access for soldiers. Options to do so include issuing soldiers small portable packets or bottles of sunscreen to carry on their person, incorporating small packets of sunscreen in MREs, and issuing sunscreen to commands to distribute before field exercises. Unit and medical leadership should encourage the use of sunscreen and sun-protective strategies when possible; leadership engagement is critical to overcoming current behavioral barriers to change. Finally, we recommend that units attempt to reduce sun exposure during training by encouraging soldiers to seek shade and avoiding outdoor training in the middle of the day.
Combined molecular subtyping, grading, and segmentation of glioma using multi-task deep learning
Authors: van der Voort Sebastian R , Incekara Fatih , Wijnenga Maarten M J , Kapsas Georgios , Gahrmann Renske , Schouten Joost W , Nandoe Tewarie Rishi , Lycklama Geert J , De Witt Hamer Philip C , Eijgelaar Roelant S , French Pim J , Dubbink Hendrikus J , Vincent Arnaud J P E , Niessen Wiro J , van den Bent Martin J , Smits Marion , Klein Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Accurate characterization of glioma is crucial for clinical decision making. A delineation of the tumor is also desirable in the initial decision stages but is time-consuming. Previously, deep learning methods have been developed that can either non-invasively predict the genetic or histological features of glioma, or that can automatically delineate the tumor, but not both tasks at the same time. Here, we present our method that can predict the molecular subtype and grade, while simultaneously providing a delineation of the tumor.

Methods
We developed a single multi-task convolutional neural network that uses the full 3D, structural, preoperative MRI scans to predict the IDH mutation status, the 1p/19q co-deletion status, and the grade of a tumor, while simultaneously segmenting the tumor. We trained our method using a patient cohort containing 1508 glioma patients from 16 institutes. We tested our method on an independent dataset of 240 patients from 13 different institutes.

Results
In the independent test set, we achieved an IDH-AUC of 0.90, an 1p/19q co-deletion AUC of 0.85, and a grade AUC of 0.81 (grade II/III/IV). For the tumor delineation, we achieved a mean whole tumor Dice score of 0.84.

Conclusions
We developed a method that non-invasively predicts multiple, clinically relevant features of glioma. Evaluation in an independent dataset shows that the method achieves a high performance and that it generalizes well to the broader clinical population. This first-of-its-kind method opens the door to more generalizable, instead of hyper-specialized, AI methods.
Fastigial nuclei surgical damage and focal midbrain disruption implicate PAG survival circuits in cerebellar mutism syndrome
Authors: McAfee Samuel S , Zhang Silu , Zou Ping , Conklin Heather M , Raches Darcy , Robinson Giles , Gajjar Amar , Khan Raja , Klimo Paul , Patay Zoltan , Scoggins Matthew A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Pediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a rare but well-known complication of medulloblastoma (Mb) resection with devastating effects on expressive language, mobility, cognition, and emotional regulation that diminishes quality of life for many Mb survivors. The specific anatomical and neuronal basis of CMS remains obscure. We address this issue by identifying patterns of surgical damage and secondary axonal degeneration in Mb survivors with CMS.

Methods
Children with Mb deemed high risk for CMS based on intraventricular location of the tumor had T1 images analyzed for location(s) of surgical damage using a specially developed algorithm. We used three complementary methods of spatial analysis to identify surgical damage linked to CMS diagnosis. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) images were analyzed for evidence of demyelination in anatomic regions downstream of the cerebellum, indicating neuronal dysfunction.

Results
Spatial analyses highlighted damage to the fastigial nuclei and their associated cerebellar cortices as the strongest predictors of CMS. CMS-related MTR decrease was greatest in the ventral periaqueductal gray (PAG) area and highly consistent in the left red nucleus.

Conclusion
Our evidence points to disruption of output from the fastigial nuclei as a likely causal trigger for CMS. We propose that core CMS symptoms result from a disruption in the triggering of survival behaviors regulated by the PAG, including the gating of vocalization and volitional movement. The fastigial nuclei provide the densest output to the PAG from the cerebellum, thus sparing these structures may provide a greater likelihood of CMS prevention.
Decoupling engineering of formamidinium–cesium perovskites for efficient photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Haoran , Wang Yong , Fan Yingping , Chen Yuetian , Miao Yanfeng , Qin Zhixiao , Wang Xingtao , Liu Xiaomin , Zhu Kaicheng , Gao Feng , Zhao Yixin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although pure formamidinium iodide perovskite (FAPbI3) possesses an optimal gap for photovoltaics, their poor phase stability limits the long-term operational stability of the devices. A promising approach to enhance their phase stability is to incorporate cesium into FAPbI3. However, state-of-the-art formamidinium–cesium (FA–Cs) iodide perovskites demonstrate much worse efficiency compared with FAPbI3, limited by the different crystallization dynamics of formamidinium and cesium, which result in poor composition homogeneity and high trap densities. We develop a novel strategy of crystallization decoupling processes of formamidinium and cesium via a sequential cesium incorporation approach. As such, we obtain highly reproducible, highly efficient and stable solar cells based on FA1–xCsxPbI3 (x = 0.05–0.16) films with uniform composition distribution in the nanoscale and low defect densities. We also revealed a new stabilization mechanism for Cs doping to stabilize FAPbI3, i.e. the incorporation of Cs into FAPbI3 significantly reduces the electron–phonon coupling strength to suppress ionic migration, thereby improving the stability of FA–Cs-based devices.
When feelings hurt: Learning how to talk with families about the role of emotions in physical symptoms
Authors: Boerner Katelynn E , Dhariwal Amrit K , Chapman Andrea , Oberlander Tim F 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmotions are at the core of all human experiences, but talking about emotions is challenging, particularly in the context of medical encounters focused on somatic symptoms. Transparent, normalizing, and validating communication about the mind-body connection opens the door for respectful, open dialogue between the family and members of the care team, acknowledging the lived experience that is brought to the table in understanding the problem and co-creating a solution.
Signal amplification of araC pBAD using a standardized translation initiation region
Authors: Shilling Patrick J , Khananisho Diana , Cumming Alister J , Söderström Bill , Daley Daniel O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
araC pBAD is a genetic fragment that regulates the expression of the araBAD operon in bacteria, which is required for the metabolism of L-arabinose. It is widely used in bioengineering applications because it can drive regulatable and titratable expression of genes and genetic pathways in microbial cell factories. A notable limitation of araC pBAD is that it generates a low signal when induced with high concentrations of L-arabinose (the maximum ON state). Herein we have amplified the maximum ON state of araC pBAD by coupling it to a synthetically evolved translation initiation region (TIREVOL). The coupling maintains regulatable and titratable expression from araC pBAD and yet increases the maximal ON state by &gt;5-fold. The general principle demonstrated in the study can be applied to amplify the signal from similar genetic modules.
Graphical Abstract
Novel anesthetics in pediatric practice: is it time?
Authors: Useinovic Nemanja , Jevtovic-Todorovic Vesna 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Steadily mounting evidence of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity has been a challenge in pediatric anesthesiology. Considering that presently used anesthetics have, in different animal models, been shown to cause lasting behavioral impairments when administered at the peak of brain development, the nagging question, ‘Is it time for the development of a new anesthetic’ must be pondered.

Recent findings
The emerging ‘soft analogs’ of intravenous anesthetics aim to overcome the shortcomings of currently available clinical drugs. Remimazolam, a novel ester-analog of midazolam, is a well tolerated intravenous drug with beneficial pharmacological properties. Two novel etomidate analogs currently in development are causing less adrenocortical suppression while maintaining equally favorable hemodynamic stability and rapid metabolism. Quaternary lidocaine derivatives are explored as more potent and longer lasting alternatives to currently available local anesthetics. Xenon, a noble gas with anesthetic properties, is being considered as an anesthetic-sparing adjuvant in pediatric population. Finally, alphaxalone is being reevaluated in a new drug formulation because of its favorable pharmacological properties.

Summary
Although a number of exciting anesthetic drugs are under development, there is currently no clear evidence to suggest their lack of neurotoxic properties in young brain. Well designed preclinical studies are needed to evaluate their neurotoxic potential.
Prevention of pulmonary complications in sedated patients undergoing interventional procedures in the nonoperating room anesthesia setting
Authors: Urdaneta Felipe , Wardhan Richa , Wells Gregory , White Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) procedures have expanded in number, variety, and complexity. NORA involves all age groups, including frail older adults and patients often considered too sick to tolerate traditional surgical interventions. Postoperative pulmonary complications are a significant source of adverse events in the perioperative setting. We present a review focused on preventing pulmonary complications in the interventional NORA setting.

Recent findings
NORA locations should function as independent, autonomous ambulatory units. We discuss a strategic plan involving a thorough preoperative evaluation of patients, including recognizing high-risk patients and their anesthetic management. Finally, we offer guidance on the challenges of conducting sedation and anesthesia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or a history of COVID-19.

Summary
The demands on the interventional NORA anesthesia team are increasing. Strategic planning, checklists, consistent staffing assignments, and scheduled safety drills are valuable tools to improve patient safety. In addition, through quality improvement initiatives and reporting, NORA anesthetists can achieve reductions in periprocedural pulmonary complications.