bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint quality enhancement of AA6061-T6 friction stir weldment by reinforcing with pulverized glass waste using different reinforcement strategies
Authors: Ogunsemi B T , Abioye T E , Orekunrin T M , Oladimeji P O , Jamiu R B , Ogedengbe T I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different reinforcement strategies on the mechanical properties of pulverized glass waste (PGW) reinforced AA6061-T6 friction stir welded joint. Friction stir welding of PGW reinforced AA6061-T6 was carried out at an optimized processing parameters by using different reinforcement strategies including centre groove, parallel holes, centre holes, zig-zag holes and side holes arrangements. Thereafter, the microstructure and mechanical properties of weldments produced using each strategy were investigated. The results showed that all the reinforcement strategies utilized in this work produced harder joints than the unreinforced joint. The parallel holes (PH) strategy followed by the centre holes (CH) exhibited the highest hardness of 72 HRCB and 66 HRCB respectively. Only the joints produced using PH, CH and SH strategies exhibited higher or improved impact energy than the unreinforced. Though the joints produced using PH and CH reinforcement strategies have tensile properties that are close to that of the unreinforced joints, the unreinforced joints show higher tensile properties than the entire reinforced joints. Compared with other reinforcement strategies, better particle distribution was achieved through the use of PH and CH reinforcement strategies. Parallel holes and centre holes arrangements have been established as the most appropriate reinforcement strategies for producing high quality aluminium alloy composite welded joints.
High-fidelity molecular dynamics trajectory reconstruction with bi-directional neural networks
Authors: Winkler Ludwig , Müller Klaus-Robert , Sauceda Huziel E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a cornerstone in science, enabling the investigation of a system’s thermodynamics all the way to analyzing intricate molecular interactions. In general, creating extended molecular trajectories can be a computationally expensive process, for example, when running ab-initio simulations. Hence, repeating such calculations to either obtain more accurate thermodynamics or to get a higher resolution in the dynamics generated by a fine-grained quantum interaction can be time- and computational resource-consuming. In this work, we explore different machine learning methodologies to increase the resolution of MD trajectories on-demand within a post-processing step. As a proof of concept, we analyse the performance of bi-directional neural networks (NNs) such as neural ODEs, Hamiltonian networks, recurrent NNs and long short-term memories, as well as the uni-directional variants as a reference, for MD simulations (here: the MD17 dataset). We have found that Bi-LSTMs are the best performing models; by utilizing the local time-symmetry of thermostated trajectories they can even learn long-range correlations and display high robustness to noisy dynamics across molecular complexity. Our models can reach accuracies of up to 10−4 Å in trajectory interpolation, which leads to the faithful reconstruction of several unseen high-frequency molecular vibration cycles. This renders the comparison between the learned and reference trajectories indistinguishable. The results reported in this work can serve (1) as a baseline for larger systems, as well as (2) for the construction of better MD integrators.
PersonaDrive: a method for the identification and prioritization of personalized cancer drivers
Authors: Erten Cesim , Houdjedj Aissa , Kazan Hilal , Taleb Bahmed Ahmed Amine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationA major challenge in cancer genomics is to distinguish the driver mutations that are causally linked to cancer from passenger mutations that do not contribute to cancer development. The majority of existing methods provide a single driver gene list for the entire cohort of patients. However, since mutation profiles of patients from the same cancer type show a high degree of heterogeneity, a more ideal approach is to identify patient-specific drivers.ResultsWe propose a novel method that integrates genomic data, biological pathways and protein connectivity information for personalized identification of driver genes. The method is formulated on a personalized bipartite graph for each patient. Our approach provides a personalized ranking of the mutated genes of a patient based on the sum of weighted ‘pairwise pathway coverage’ scores across all the samples, where appropriate pairwise patient similarity scores are used as weights to normalize these coverage scores. We compare our method against five state-of-the-art patient-specific cancer gene prioritization methods. The comparisons are with respect to a novel evaluation method that takes into account the personalized nature of the problem. We show that our approach outperforms the existing alternatives for both the TCGA and the cell line data. In addition, we show that the KEGG/Reactome pathways enriched in our ranked genes and those that are enriched in cell lines’ reference sets overlap significantly when compared to the overlaps achieved by the rankings of the alternative methods. Our findings can provide valuable information toward the development of personalized treatments and therapies.Availability and implementationAll the codes and data are available at https://github.com/abu-compbio/PersonaDrive, and the data underlying this article are available in Zenodo, at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6520187.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Classification of major depressive disorder using an attention-guided unified deep convolutional neural network and individual structural covariance network
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Chen Mingren , Xiao Die , Li Yue , Zhu Shunli , Li Yanling , Dai Xin , Lu Fengmei , Wang Zhengning , Cai Shimin , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Currently, the structural magnetic resonance imaging-based MDD diagnosis models mainly utilize local grayscale information or morphological characteristics in a single site with small samples. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that different brain structures in different circuits have distinct developmental timing, but mature coordinately within the same functional circuit. Thus, establishing an attention-guided unified classification framework with deep learning and individual structural covariance networks in a large multisite dataset could facilitate developing an accurate diagnosis strategy. Our results showed that attention-guided classification could improve the classification accuracy from primary 75.1% to ultimate 76.54%. Furthermore, the discriminative features of regional covariance connectivities and local structural characteristics were found to be mainly located in prefrontal cortex, insula, superior temporal cortex, and cingulate cortex, which have been widely reported to be closely associated with depression. Our study demonstrated that our attention-guided unified deep learning framework may be an effective tool for MDD diagnosis. The identified covariance connectivities and structural features may serve as biomarkers for MDD.
Prediction models as gatekeepers for diagnostic testing in angina patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Bjerking Louise Hougesen , Winther Simon , Hansen Kim Wadt , Galatius Søren , Böttcher Morten , Prescott Eva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsAssessment of pre-test probability (PTP) is an important gatekeeper when selecting patients for diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease (CAD). The 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend upgrading PTP based on clinical risk factors but provide no estimates of how these affect PTP. We aimed to validate two published PTP models in a contemporary low-CAD-prevalence cohort and compare with the ESC 2019 PTP.Methods and resultsPreviously published basic and clinical prediction models and the ESC 2019 PTP were validated in 42 328 patients (54% women) ≥30 years old without previous CAD referred for cardiac computed tomography angiography in a region of Denmark from 2008 to 2017. Obstructive CAD prevalence was 8.8%. The ESC 2019 PTP and basic model included angina symptoms, sex, and age, while the clinical model added diabetes mellitus family history of CAD, and dyslipidaemia. Discrimination was good for all three models [area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.75–0.77), 0.74 (0.73–0.75), and 0.76 (0.75–0.76), respectively]. Using the clinically relevant low predicted probability ≤5% of CAD cut-off, the clinical and basic models were well calibrated, whereas the ESC 2019 PTP overestimated CAD prevalence. At a cut-off of ≤5%, the clinical model ruled out 36.2% more patients than the ESC 2019 PTP, n = 23 592 (55.7%) vs. n = 8 245 (19.5%), while missing 824 (22.2%) vs. 132 (3.6%) cases of obstructive CAD.ConclusionA prediction model for CAD including cardiovascular risk factors was successfully validated. Implementation of this model would reduce the need for diagnostic testing and serve as gatekeeper if accepting a watchful waiting strategy for one-fifth of the patients.
Monitoring pulmonary arterial pressures during cardiac rehabilitation using the CardioMEMS device
Authors: Chaudron C , Huet F , Roubille F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): University Hospital of Arnaud de Villeneuve.

Introduction
The CardioMEMS™ Heart Failure (HF) System is indicated for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) proved to be beneficial in stable HF patients. Our study is aimed to determine the impact of CR on Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) measured by the CardioMEMS device.

Methods
This pilot study was historico prospective, observational and monocenter including all patients in Montpellier University hospital who were implanted by the CardioMEMS device, and who have undergone cardiac rehabilitation, from June the 15th, 2018 to July the 31st, 2021. Clinical outcomes at one year were analyzed.

Results
There was no significant difference of the PA before and after reeducation, either for systolic PAP (p = 0,28), diastolic PAP (p = 0,32), or mean PAP (p = 0,13). There was no statistical correlation between the delta of maximal exercise power during exercise test before and after CR and the delta of pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.10). There was no significant correlation between PAP and clinical evolution regarding the risk of heart failure hospitalization, death, LVAD implantation or heart transplant.

Conclusion
This preliminary study investigated a potential link between CR and PAP. CardioMEMS measurements were not modified by CR and did not predict clinical outcomes at one year.
Short-term outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Paula S , Santos M , Santos H , Almeida I , Figueiredo M , Almeida S , Almeida L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
The proportion of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is increasing among the acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Reinfarction (RI) is a potential complication in high-risk patients with NSTEMI and it will cause an impact on these patients’ prognosis.

Purpose
Identify high-risk patients with RI and their prognosis in the setting of NSTEMI.

Methods
Based on a multicenter retrospective study, data collected from admissions between January 2013 and January 2020. Patients without data on previous cardiovascular history or uncompleted clinical data were excluded. Patients were divided in 2 groups (G): G1 – patients without RI; G2 - patients with RI during hospitalization. Logistic regression and survival analysis were performed.

Results
7180 patients were admitted with NSTEMI, RI occurred in 71 pts (0.99%). Regarding epidemiological and past history G2 was older (71±12 vs 66±12, p=0.001), had higher rates of previous stroke (15.9% vs 7.0%, p 0.003) and peripheric arterial disease (6.3% vs 6.1%, p=0.004). The groups were similar regarding arterial hypertension (p=0.74), diabetes type 2 (p=0.11) and dyslipidaemia (p=0.48).
G2 had higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide (45.5% vs 24.5%, p&lt;0.001) and lower levels of haemoglobin (20.3% vs 7.9%, p&lt;0.001). Patients taking prasugrel (2% vs 0.3%, p=0.002) or ticagrelor (6.1% vs 2.2%, p&lt;0.001) previously to the admission were more susceptible to have RI. Patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (3.4% vs 2.6%, p&lt;0.001), need of invasive (2.8% vs 0.8%, p&lt;0.001) or non-invasive (4.2% vs 1.3%, p&lt;0.001) ventilation and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (80.3% vs 64.7%, p0.006) had higher rates of RI.
Logist regression confirmed that PCI (p=0.03, OR 2.22, CI 1.08-4.53), previous stroke (p=0.02, OR 0.58, CI 0.37-0.92) and pts previously taking prasugrel (p=0.02, OR 1.85, CI 1.11-3.10) were predictors of RI in the setting of NSTEMI.

Conclusion
RI in the setting of NSTEMI was associated with PCI, previous stroke and pts previously taking prasugrel. One year prognosis was poorer for patients who suffered RI.
Cardiac rehabilitation in MINOCA patients
Authors: Houben V , Pustjens TFS , Meerman A , Rasoul S , Van 'T Hof AWJ 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background and purpose
Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction (MI) has been proven to be beneficial, only a minority of patients participate. This study was performed to gain more knowledge about referral and participation rates for CR in patients with myocardial infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries(MINOCA).

Methods
All patients meeting the diagnostic MINOCA criteria and admitted between January 2017 and April 2019 were retrospectively analysed. They were divided into the 1) ‘Conclusive MINOCA’ (confirmed MI, (peri)myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, or miscellaneous) and 2) ‘Indeterminate MINOCA’ group. Patients who died in hospital were excluded. Referral and participation in CR was verified.

Results
Of the 196 included MINOCA patients, 110 (56%) were female and the mean age was 60±13.7 years. 62 Patients(31.6%) had conclusive MINOCA and 134 patients (68.4%) had indeterminate MINOCA. In Figure 1 the distribution of CR referral and participation is shown. Figure 2 shows the referral and participation rates for conclusive and indeterminate MINOCA patients. Conclusive MINOCA patients were more likely to be referred(79.0% vs. 61.9%, p=0.018) and participated more often in CR (45.2% vs. 26.1%, p=0.008). This relation was even stronger when confirmed MI was the final diagnosis as compared to the other MINOCA patients (referral91.3% vs. 64.2%, p=0.009; participation 69.6% vs. 27.2%, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Only one-third of MINOCA patients participate in CR. Referral and participation rates were significantly higher in MINOCA with confirmed underlying diagnosis (especially confirmed MI) as compared to MINOCA with indeterminate diagnosis. MINOCA patients should be more often referred to CR with a focus on MINOCA with indeterminate underlying diagnosis.
Asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis, conservative treatment or early valve replacement? a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: K Awad A , Elseidy S , Elgenidy A , Elbadawy M A , Sayed A , Mohamad T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Asymptomatic aortic stenosis’ management is not only a daily practice challenge but also an area of clinical research controversy. As evidence on conservative versus early aortic valve replacement (AVR) is debatable, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of conservative management versus AVR in asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods
Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify any observational or interventional studies that compared the effects of conservative management versus AVR on all causes, cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular mortality. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results
A total of 6216 patients were included from 12 studies (observational=9, and randomized clinical trial=3) with a mean follow-up duration of 50 months. When compared to early AVR, conservative management has statistically significant higher risk of all causes mortality (RR: 0.36, 95%CI [0.31 to 0.42], p&lt;0.00001, figure 1), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.32, 95%CI [0.24 to 0.41], p&lt;0.00001, figure 2), and non-cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.42, 95%CI [0.24 to 0.56], p=0.0005). Regarding other complications, conservative treatment showed significant higher risk of sudden cardiac death (RR: 0.46, 95%CI [0.15 to 0.90], p=0.005), yet with no difference over AVR in stroke and myocardial infarction (RR: 0.79, 95% CI [0.17 to 3.64], p=0.61) and (RR: 0.67, 95% CI [0.39 to 1.16], p=0.15), respectively. A subgroup sensitivity analysis based on surgical AVR vs. transcatheter AVR and severe vs. very severe AS reflected the findings of the overall results.

Conclusions
Patients with asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis, managed with early AVR, have a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality when compared to conservative management.
Cardiac practice during the second year of COVID-19 pandemic: are we going back to normal?
Authors: Dakhil Z A , Cader F A , Oz TUG˘BA , Borreli NUNZIA 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Little data is known regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac services during the second year. This globally distributed survey aimed to study the impact of the pandemic on cardiovascular services, type of PPE currently used by participants and their academic achievements during pandemic.

Methods
A 23-item online survey was distributed via social media among HCPs involved in cardiac services. Survey items assessed the proportion of change in various cardiac services in 2021, as compared with 2020.

Results
Among 111 respondents, 54.95% were resident in Asia, while 27.02% were resident in Europe, see Figure (1). Among total respondents; 57.7 % were females. 58.6% of respondents were from COVID-19 designated hospitals. Interventional cardiologists constitute 46.8% of respondents, clinical cardiologists were 22.5%, 12.6% were specialising in cardiac imaging, while 9% were electrophysiologists. 55% were consultants/attendings while 34.2% were fellows/ trainees. Proportions of return of cardiac services to pre-pandemic states are depicted in Figure (2). The highest return to pre-pandemic services were in emergency coronary catheterisation (25.2%), 21.6% of respondents noted return to pre-pandemic states in elective coronary catheterizations, and trans-thoracic echocardiograms [TTE]. Telemedicine was used by 64.9% of outpatient consultations. 94.6% of respondents were vaccinated. Respondents reported that most used PPE during their daily practice was surgical mask (69.36 %) followed by N95/FFP mask (53.15%). 30.6% reported decline in conference participation as faculty/speaker, while 21.6% reported decline in publications during the pandemic.

Conclusion
In an increasingly vaccinated global cardiology workforce, cardiac services are gradually picking up to pre-pandemic rates, with the highest being noted for coronary catheterisations and trans-thoracic echocardiograms.
Successful perindopril/amlodipine+indapamide treatment as second line in uncontrolled hypertensive patients in line with european guidelines
Authors: De Champvallins M , Brzozowska-Villatte R , Mancia G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The study was sponsored by Servier.

Background
ESC/ESH guidelines recommend use of a RAAS inhibitor + CCB + Thiazide as second step treatment for hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), preferably as single-pill combination.

Purpose
We investigated the results of adding indapamide SR 1.5 mg to the single-pill combination of perindopril/amlodipine (Per/Aml) in a context of a randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Method
The study compared 2 treatment strategies over 6 months: initiation with Per/Aml with further conditional uptitration up to Per/Amlo 14/10 mg, followed after 3 months of bi-therapy by addition of indapamide SR 1.5 mg for 3 additional months, versus initiation with Valsartan (Val) and further addition of amlodipine, then uptitration up to Val/Amlo 160/10 mg. The study was completed by an additional 8-month extension period (M14) at the same dose for the patients controlled at M6, for safety purposes.

Results
Compared with initiation of Val alone, initiation of treatment with Per/Amlo led to lower number of patients needing further uptitration at M3 (23% vs 31%). In 202 patients uncontrolled with Per/Amlo 14/10, the addition of indapamide SR 1.5 mg led to a large additional decrease in systolic BP (-14.8±13.3 mmHg) and diastolic BP (-7.2±9.7 mmHg) with BP control achieved in 82.5% of the patients (&lt;140/90 mmHg) and BP response in 94%. During the whole period (11 months), 5.9% of the patients (n=10) discontinued the triple therapy due to 11 adverse reactions, versus 3.9% of those receiving Per/Amlo 14/10 over the same period.

Conclusion
These findings confirm the BP-lowering efficacy and safety of adding the thiazide-like indapamide to a previous ACE inhibitor+CCB (Per/Amlo) combination providing clinical evidence for this triple therapy, preferably to be given as single-pill combination.