bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary vs patch‐based skin closure for in‐utero spina bifida repair
Authors: Fishel Bartal M. , Bergh E. P. , Tsao K. , Austin M. T. , Moise K. J. , Fletcher S. A. , Garnett J. , Mann L. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Johnson A. , Papanna R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveDuring in‐utero spina bifida (SB) repair, closure of large defects is often challenging, requiring tissue graft for watertight skin closure. No prior studies have compared primary skin closure vs patch‐based repair. Our objective was to compare neonatal and 1‐year outcomes associated with these two types of skin closure for in‐utero SB repair.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 102 patients undergoing open prenatal SB repair from September 2011 to August 2021 at a single institution. All patients met the inclusion criteria of the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), and the surgical procedure for in‐utero SB repair was similar to that described in the MOMS trial. During the surgery, if primary skin approximation was not feasible due to the large size of the defect, the decision was at the discretion of the pediatric neurosurgeon to utilize a patch for closure. Neonatal outcomes at birth and 1‐year outcomes were compared between the primary skin and patch‐based closure groups.ResultsOf 102 patients included in the study, 70 (68.6%) underwent primary skin closure and 32 (31.4%) patch‐based closure. The patch type included acellular bovine skin matrix (Durepair®; n = 31) and human acellular dermal matrix (Alloderm®; n = 1). Fetuses with myeloschisis were more likely to require patch‐based repair than those with myelomeningocele. The median time of fetal repair was 4 min longer for patch‐based compared with primary skin closure (37 vs 33 min; P = 0.001). Following patch‐based repair, neonates had a longer length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by 24 days (adjusted risk ratio, 2.40 (95% CI, 1.41–4.29)) compared to those that underwent primary skin closure. There was no difference between the two groups in the other neonatal outcomes, including the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Outcome at 1 year of age was available for 90 infants. Need for wound revision within their first year after birth was more common in infants who underwent patch‐based vs those with primary skin closure (19.4% vs 5.1%; P = 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in other 1‐year outcomes, including the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement by 1 year of age and surgery for tethered cord.ConclusionsPatch‐based closure during SB repair is often needed in fetuses with myeloschisis and is associated with prolonged fetal surgery time, long NICU stay and need for wound revision within the first year after birth. Further studies are required to identify optimal patches for SB repair or alternative methods to improve outcome. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands
Authors: Meschede Henning , Bertheau Paul , Khalili Siavash , Breyer Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobally, more than 740 million people live on islands which are often seen as ideal environments for the development of renewable energy systems. Hereby, they play the role to demonstrate technical solutions as well as political transition pathways of energy systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The growing number of articles on 100% renewable energy systems on islands is analyzed with a focus on technical solutions for transition pathways. Since the first “100% renewable energy systems on islands”‐article in a scientific journal in 2004, 97 articles handling 100% renewable energy systems on small islands were published and are reviewed in this article. In addition, a review on 100% renewable energy systems on bigger island states is added. Results underline that solar PV as well as wind are the main technologies regarding 100% RES on islands. Not only for the use of biomass but for all RES area limitation on islands needs to be taken more seriously, based on full energy system studies and respective area demand. Furthermore, it is shown that there is still not the same common sense in the design approach including and starting at the energy needs as well as on multi‐sectoral approach. The consideration of maritime transport, aviation, cooling demands, and water systems beyond seawater desalination is only poorly considered in existing studies. Future research should also focus on developing pathways to transform the existing conventional infrastructure stepwise into a fully renewable system regarding also the interconnections with the mainland and neighboring islands.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Economics > Green Economics and Financing
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure
Defining Long Words Succinctly in FO and MSO
Authors: Hella Lauri , Vilander Miikka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the length of the longest word definable in FO and MSO via a formula of size n. For both logics we obtain as an upper bound for this number an exponential tower of height linear in n. We prove this by counting types with respect to a fixed quantifier rank. As lower bounds we obtain for both FO and MSO an exponential tower of height in the order of a rational power of n. We show these lower bounds by giving concrete formulas defining word representations of levels of the cumulative hierarchy of sets. In addition, we consider the Löwenheim-Skolem and Hanf numbers of these logics on words and obtain similar bounds for these as well.
String modes, propagators and loops on fuzzy spaces
Authors: Steinacker Harold C. , Tekel Juraj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a systematic organization of functions and operators on the fuzzy 2-sphere in terms of string modes, which are optimally localized in position and momentum space. This allows to separate the semi-classical and the deep quantum regime of non-commutative quantum field theory, and exhibits its nonlocal nature. This organization greatly simplifies the computation of loop contributions, avoiding oscillatory integrals and providing the effective action directly in position space. UV/IR mixing is understood as nonlocality arising from long string modes in the loops. The method is suited for any quantized symplectic space.
Seeing behind black hole horizons in SYK
Authors: Gao Ping , Lamprou Lampros 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present an explicit reconstruction of the interior of an AdS2 black hole in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, that is entirely formulated in the dual SYK model and makes no direct reference to the gravitational bulk. We do this by introducing a probe “observer” in the right wormhole exterior and using the prescription of [arXiv:2009.04476] to transport SYK operators along the probe’s infalling worldline and into the black hole interior, using an appropriate SYK modular Hamiltonian. Our SYK computation recovers the precise proper time at which signals sent from the left boundary are registered by our observer’s apparatus inside the wormhole. The success of the computation relies on the universal properties of SYK and we outline a promising avenue for extending it to higher dimensions and applying it to the computation of scattering amplitudes behind the horizon.
The distinct phenotype of primary adipocytes and adipocytes derived from stem cells of white adipose tissue as assessed by Raman and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Stanek Ewa , Pacia Marta Z. , Kaczor Agnieszka , Czamara Krzysztof 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpectroscopy-based analysis of chemical composition of cells is a tool still scarcely used in biological sciences, although it provides unique information about the cell identity accessible in vivo and in situ. Through time-lapse spectroscopic monitoring of adipogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue-derived stem cells we have demonstrated that considerable chemical and functional changes occur along with cells differentiation and maturation, yet yielding mature adipocytes with a similar chemical composition, independent of the cellular origin (white or brown adipose tissue). However, in essence, these stem cell-derived adipocytes have a markedly different chemical composition compared to mature primary adipocytes. The consequences of this different chemical (and, hence, functional) identity have great importance in the context of selecting a suitable methodology for adipogenesis studies, particularly in obesity-related research.
Bounds for an Integral Involving the Modified Lommel Function of the First Kind
Authors: Gaunt Robert E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSimple upper and lower bounds are established for the integral $$\int _0^x\mathrm {e}^{-\beta u}u^\nu t_{\mu ,\nu }(u)\,\mathrm {d}u$$

∫
0
x

e

-
β
u

u
ν

t

μ
,
ν

(
u
)

d
u

, where $$x>0$$

x
>
0

, $$0<\beta <1$$

0
<
β
<
1

, $$\mu +\nu >-2$$

μ
+
ν
>
-
2

, $$\mu -\nu \ge -3$$

μ
-
ν
≥
-
3

, and $$t_{\mu ,\nu }(x)$$

t

μ
,
ν

(
x
)

is the modified Lommel function of the first kind. Our bounds complement and improve on existing bounds for this integral, by either being sharper or increasing the range of validity. Our bounds also generalise recent bounds for an integral involving the modified Struve function of the first kind, and in some cases more a direct approach lead to sharper bounds when our general bounds are specialised to the modified Struve case.
Complications and range of motion of patients with an elbow dislocation treated with a hinged external fixator: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Van Tunen Bart , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Mader Konrad , Den Hartog Dennis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Elbow dislocations are at risk for persistent instability and stiffness of the joint. Treatment with a hinged external fixation provides elbow joint stability, and allows early mobilization to prevent stiffness. Mounting a hinged elbow fixator correctly, however, is technically challenging. The low incidence rate of elbow dislocations with persistent instability suggests that centralization would result in higher surgeon exposure and consequently in less complications. This study aimed to investigate the results of treatment of elbow dislocations with a hinged elbow fixator on the rate of complications, range of motion, level of pain and restrictions in activities of daily living.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study in a level I trauma center, in which the majority of patients was treated by a dedicated elbow surgeon, was performed. All patients of 16 years or older treated with a hinged external elbow fixator between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2017 were included. The fixator could be used (1) for the treatment of persistent instability in acute/residual simple and complex dislocations or (2) as revision surgery to treat joint incongruency or a stiff elbow. Patient and injury characteristics, details on treatment, complications, secondary interventions, and range of motion were extracted from the patients’ medical files.

Results
The results of treatment of 34 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 13 months. The fixator was removed after a median period of 48 days. Fixator-related complications encountered were six pintract infections, one redisclocation, one joint incongruency, one muscle hernia, and one hardware failure. The median range of motion at the end of follow-up was 140° flexion, 15° constraint in extension, 90° pronation, and 80° supination.

Conclusion
A hinged elbow fixator applied by a dedicated elbow surgeon in cases of elbow instability after elbow dislocations can result in excellent joint function. Fixator-related complications are mostly mild and only temporary.
Artificial intelligence with American values and Chinese characteristics: a comparative analysis of American and Chinese governmental AI policies
Authors: Hine Emmie , Floridi Luciano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs China and the United States strive to be the primary global leader in AI, their visions are coming into conflict. This is frequently painted as a fundamental clash of civilisations, with evidence based primarily around each country’s current political system and present geopolitical tensions. However, such a narrow view claims to extrapolate into the future from an analysis of a momentary situation, ignoring a wealth of historical factors that influence each country’s prevailing philosophy of technology and thus their overarching AI strategies. In this article, we build a philosophy-of-technology-grounded framework to analyse what differences in Chinese and American AI policies exist and, on a fundamental level, why they exist. We support this with Natural Language Processing methods to provide an evidentiary basis for our analysis of policy differences. By looking at documents from three different American presidential administrations––Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden––as well as both national and local policy documents (many available only in Chinese) from China, we provide a thorough comparative analysis of policy differences. This article fills a gap in US–China AI policy comparison and constructs a framework for understanding the origin and trajectory of policy differences. By investigating what factors are informing each country’s philosophy of technology and thus their overall approach to AI policy, we argue that while significant obstacles to cooperation remain, there is room for dialogue and mutual growth.
Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance
Authors: Riedmann Anna , Schaper Philipp , Lugrin Birgit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLearning is a central component of human life and essential for personal development. Therefore, utilizing new technologies in the learning context and exploring their combined potential are considered essential to support self-directed learning in a digital age. A learning environment can be expanded by various technical and content-related aspects. Gamification in the form of elements from video games offers a potential concept to support the learning process. This can be supplemented by technology-supported learning. While the use of tablets is already widespread in the learning context, the integration of a social robot can provide new perspectives on the learning process. However, simply adding new technologies such as social robots or gamification to existing systems may not automatically result in a better learning environment. In the present study, game elements as well as a social robot were integrated separately and conjointly into a learning environment for basic Spanish skills, with a follow-up on retained knowledge. This allowed us to investigate the respective and combined effects of both expansions on motivation, engagement and learning effect. This approach should provide insights into the integration of both additions in an adult learning context. We found that the additions of game elements and the robot did not significantly improve learning, engagement or motivation. Based on these results and a literature review, we outline relevant factors for meaningful integration of gamification and social robots in learning environments in adult learning.
An infinitary propositional probability logic
Authors: Baratella Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce a logic for a class of probabilistic Kripke structures that we call type structures, as they are inspired by Harsanyi type spaces. The latter structures are used in theoretical economics and game theory. A strong completeness theorem for an associated infinitary propositional logic with probabilistic operators was proved by Meier. By simplifying Meier’s proof, we prove that our logic is strongly complete with respect to the class of type structures. In order to do that, we define a canonical model (in the sense of modal logics), which turns out to be a terminal object in a suitable category. Furthermore, we extend some standard model-theoretic constructions to type structures and we prove analogues of first-order results for those constructions.
Structural time series models and synthetic controls—assessing the impact of the euro adoption
Authors: Dreuw Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSo far, empirical research on an ex-post benchmark of the euro adoption has relied on the synthetic control method by Abadie & Gardeazabal (Am Econ Rev 93:112-132, 2003) and Abadie et al. (J Am Stat Assoc 105:493-505, 2010, Am J Polit Sci, 59:495-510, 2015). However, the evidence obtained with this method is not overly consistent, leading to the conclusion that the method is not too robust to different settings of the adjustment screws. Using a new method developed by Harvey & Thiele (J Appl Econ 36:71–85, 2021) based on structural time series models, I find that France and Italy are clear losers from the euro while there are no real winners until 2019. Spain, Netherlands, Greece gain in the period before the financial crisis, but afterwards they lose. In fact, only the German economy is robust to the two crises but it loses until 2008. Relating the theories of optimum currency areas to the estimated gaps of the euro adopters from their synthetic controls, I find that openness, real convergence, and net migration are the main drivers of gains from a euro adoption, while the main drivers of losses are low levels of competitiveness, fiscal instability and labour market rigidity. Examining the crisis channels of the financial and euro crisis shows that fiscal instability, labour market rigidity and also business cycle synchronization cause large losses during the crises. Net migration helps to dampen these shocks. While openness is beneficial during the pre-crises period, it cannot help dampen the shock of the crises.
Complementary decompositions of monomial ideals and involutive bases
Authors: Hashemi Amir , Orth Matthias , Seiler Werner M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComplementary decompositions of monomial ideals—also known as Stanley decompositions—play an important role in many places in commutative algebra. In this article, we discuss and compare several algorithms for their computation. This includes a classical recursive one, an algorithm already proposed by Janet and a construction proposed by Hironaka in his work on idealistic exponents. We relate Janet’s algorithm to the Janet tree of the Janet basis and extend this idea to Janet-like bases to obtain an optimised algorithm. We show that Hironaka’s construction terminates, if and only if the monomial ideal is quasi-stable. Furthermore, we show that in this case the algorithm of Janet determines the same decomposition more efficiently. Finally, we briefly discuss how these results can be used for the computation of primary and irreducible decompositions.
A Model for Cell Proliferation in a Developing Organism
Authors: Pollett Philip K. , Tafakori Laleh , Taylor Peter G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn mathematical biology, there is a great deal of interest in producing continuum models by scaling discrete agent-based models governed by local stochastic rules. We discuss a particular example of this approach: a model for the proliferation of neural crest cells that can help us understand the development of Hirschprung’s disease, a potentially-fatal condition in which the enteric nervous system of a new-born child does not extend all the way through the intestine and colon. Our starting point is a discrete-state, continuous-time Markov chain model proposed by Hywood et al. (2013a) for the location of the neural crest cells that make up the enteric nervous system. Hywood et al. (2013a) scaled their model to derive an approximate second order partial differential equation describing how the limiting expected number of neural crest cells evolve in space and time. In contrast, we exploit the relationship between the above-mentioned Markov chain model and the well-known Yule-Furry process to derive the exact form of the scaled version of the process. Furthermore, we provide expressions for other features of the domain agent occupancy process, such as the variance of the marginal occupancy at a particular site, the distribution of the number of agents that are yet to reach a given site and a stochastic description of the process itself.
Cell death induced by mycotoxin fumonisin B1 is accompanied by oxidative stress and transcriptional modulation in Arabidopsis cell culture
Authors: Lanubile Alessandra , De Michele Roberto , Loi Martina , Fakhari Safieh , Marocco Adriano , Paciolla Costantino 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Key message
Fumonisin B1 induces rapid programmed cell death in Arabidopsis cells, oxidative and nitrosative bursts, and differentially modulates cell death responsive genes. Glutathione is the main antioxidant involved in the stress response.

Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a fungal toxin produced by Fusarium spp. able to exert pleiotropic toxicity in plants. FB1 is known to be a strong inducer of the programmed cell death (PCD); however, the exact mechanism underling the plant–toxin interactions and the molecular events that lead to PCD are still unclear. Therefore, in this work, we provided a comprehensive investigation of the response of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana at the nuclear, transcriptional, and biochemical level after the treatment with FB1 at two different concentrations, namely 1 and 5 µM during a time-course of 96 h. FB1 induced oxidative and nitrosative bursts and a rapid cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures, which resembled a HR-like PCD event. Different genes involved in the regulation of PCD, antioxidant metabolism, photosynthesis, pathogenesis, and sugar transport were upregulated, especially during the late treatment time and with higher FB1 concentration. Among the antioxidant enzymes and compounds studied, only glutathione appeared to be highly induced in both treatments, suggesting that it might be an important stress molecule induced during FB1 exposure. Collectively, these findings highlight the complexity of the signaling network of A. thaliana and provide information for the understanding of the physiological, molecular, and biochemical responses to counteract FB1-induced toxicity.
Movements of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Davis Base, Antarctica: combining population genetics and tracking data
Authors: Chua Michelle , Ho Simon Y. W. , McMahon Clive R. , Jonsen Ian D. , de Bruyn Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarine animals such as the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) rely on a productive marine environment and are vulnerable to oceanic changes that can affect their reproduction and survival rates. Davis Base, Antarctica, acts as a moulting site for southern elephant seals that forage in Prydz Bay, but the mitochondrial haplotype diversity and natal source populations of these seals have not been characterized. In this study, we combined genetic and animal tracking data on these moulting seals to identify levels of mitochondrial haplotype diversity, natal source population, and movement behaviours during foraging and haul-out periods. Using partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region, we identified two major breeding mitochondrial lineages of seals at Davis Base. We found that the majority of the seals originated from breeding stocks within the South Atlantic Ocean and South Indian Ocean. One seal was grouped with the Macquarie Island breeding stock (South Pacific Ocean). The Macquarie Island population, unlike the other two stocks, is decreasing in size. Tracking data revealed long-distance foraging activity of the Macquarie Island seal around Crozet Islands. We speculate that changes to the Antarctic marine environment can result in a shift in foraging and movement strategies, which subsequently affects seal population growth rates.