bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOP: thrombolysis in ischemic stroke under oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Kermer Pawel , Schellinger Peter D. , Ringleb Peter A. , Köhrmann Martin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Based on demographical trends and the expected worldwide increase in the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation, the rate of patients who are on oral anticoagulation therapy for secondary prevention of stroke rises continuously. Despite correct drug intake and good adherence to the respective medication, recurrent ischemic stroke still occurs in ~ 3% of patients. The question how to deal with such patients with regard to intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA within the 4.5 h time window is of great relevance for daily clinical routine. However, international guidelines can be considered heterogenous or do even lack recommendations on this topic especially in light of available reversal agents. Therefore, we provide this SOP.

Comments
Beyond the identification of acute stroke patients on oral anticoagulation therapy, the type of medication, time since last intake, renal function and laboratory exams as well as the availability of reversal agents have to be considered before rt-PA application and potential endovascular therapy. Treatment on a Stroke Unit or Neuro-ICU is certainly recommended in any of those patients.

Conclusions
This standardized operating procedure was designed to guide stroke physicians through questions on eligibility for rt-PA treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are on approved oral anticoagulation therapy thereby increasing the number of patients benefitting from thrombolysis and minimizing door-to-needle times.
Association between vitamin D and ear disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Salamah Marzouqi , Alghamdi Abdullah , Mania Khalid , Almahyawi Rawan , Alsubaie Haya , Alfarghal Mohamad , Algarni Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a suggested cause and risk factor for various ear diseases. This review assessed the role of vitamin D in ear diseases such as otitis media (OM); this study aimed to assess potential relationships between serum vitamin D level and OM risk; and determined the usefulness of vitamin D supplementation for ear disease prevention and treatment.

Material and methods
This systematic review searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database for studies on vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for ear diseases. A total of 55 articles were screened based on their titles. The abstracts were then reviewed to identify the 11 articles analyzed in the present study.

Results
Statistical heterogeneity was observed among the 11 studies for subgroup analysis of plasma vitamin D level according to disease type (acute otitis media [AOM], P < 0.00001; chronic otitis media [COM], P = 0.00001) and age (≤ 5 years, P < 0.00001; > 5 years, P < 0.00001). Heterogeneity was also observed in the frequency of participants with sufficient plasma vitamin D levels according to disease type (AOM, P < 0.00001; COM, P = 0.00001) and age (≤ 5 years, P < 0.00001; > 5 years, P = 0.003; I2 = 70%: substantial heterogeneity).

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is common in otolaryngology patients, for which supplementation showed promising results. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the etiopathology of ear diseases in adults and children. We recommend empirical supplementation of vitamin D in otolaryngology patients and further studies investigating this supplementation.
Challenges in Access to New Therapeutic Agents: Marginalized Patients With Cancer in Pakistan and the Need for New Guidelines
Authors: Aziz Zeba , Naseer Hafsa , Altaf Anjum 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Cancer care disparities persist among the medically underserved patients with cancer in Pakistan. To determine the access that marginalized patients with cancer have to chemotherapy and newer targeted agents in Pakistan approved by essential medicine list 2017, the barriers that patients face in getting such access, the implications of the barriers for the effectiveness of treatment, and ways of overcoming those barriers, with particular attention to breast cancer (BC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), need to be addressed. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 28 private and public cancer centers targeting more than 50% of patients with cancer for year 2018 was conducted with focus on access to optimal therapy for BC, DLBCL, and CML. To assess the impact of socioeconomic status on the effectiveness of treatment, patients were categorized into three main income groups—low, middle, and high according to gross domestic product per capita on the basis of which some patients were categorized as economically marginalized. Differences in quality of care in public and private sector hospitals were assessed by optimal delivery and completion of chemotherapy on the basis of international guidelines. Access to optimal dose and timings of targeted therapies were determined. RESULTS In our marginalized patients, 30%-40% received optimal basic chemotherapy for BC and DLBCL. Less than 10% of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive BC completed 17 cycles of trastuzumab within 12 months. For DLBCL, hardly any patients received concurrent rituximab with chemotherapy for six cycles. Dose delays, modifications, and abandonment of treatment occurred in approximately 50% of the marginalized patients. In patients with CML, the compliance to imatinib/nilotinib was 85%. CONCLUSION Significant barriers exist in providing optimal basic and targeted therapies to our indigent patients despite government funding and availability of access programs.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes: Relationship With Autoimmune and Microvascular Complications
Authors: De Melo Emilia N , Clarke Antoine B M , McDonald Charlotte , Saibil Fred , Lochnan Heather A , Punthakee Zubin , Assor Esther , Marcon Margaret A , Mahmud Farid H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess reported rates of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and their association with autoimmune diseases and microvascular complications in adults and children with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
The Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale was used to assess GI symptom type and severity in 2370 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 8 to 45 years evaluated as part of a clinical trial screening for celiac disease (CD). The presence and severity of GI symptoms and relationships with demographic, clinical, and other diabetes-related factors were evaluated.

Results
Overall, 1368 adults (57.7%) aged 19 to 45 years and 1002 (42.3%) pediatric patients aged 8 to 18 years were studied. At least 1 GI symptom was reported in 34.1% of adults as compared with 21.7% of children (P &lt; 0.0001). Common symptoms in children included upper and lower abdominal pain while adults more frequently reported lower GI symptoms. Participants with GI symptoms had higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (68 ± 14mmol/mol; 8.35 ± 1.37%) than those without symptoms (66 ± 15mmol/mol; 8.22 ± 1.40%; P = 0.041). Patients with microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and/or neuropathy) were 1.8 times more likely to report GI symptoms (95% CI: 1.26-2.60; P &lt; 0.01) after adjusting for age and sex. No association was observed between GI symptoms and the presence of autoimmune conditions, including thyroid and biopsy-confirmed CD (odds ratio = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.86-1.42; P = 0.45).

Main Conclusions
These results highlight that GI symptoms are an important clinical morbidity and are associated with increasing age, duration of type 1 diabetes, HbA1c, and microvascular complications but not with autoimmune comorbidities including CD.
Quantitative live imaging of floral organ initiation and floral meristem termination in Aquilegia
Authors: Min Ya , Conway Stephanie J. , Kramer Elena M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In-depth investigation of any developmental process in plants requires knowledge of both the underpinning molecular networks and how they directly determine patterns of cell division and expansion over time. Floral meristems (FMs) produce floral organs, after which they undergo floral meristem termination (FMT); precise control of organ initiation and FMT is crucial to the reproductive success of any flowering plant. Using live confocal imaging, we characterized developmental dynamics during floral organ primordia initiation and FMT in Aquilegia coerulea (Ranunculaceae). Our results uncover distinct patterns of primordium initiation between stamens and staminodes compared with carpels, and provide insight into the process of FMT, which is discernable based on cell division dynamics that precede carpel initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative live imaging of meristem development in a system with numerous whorls of floral organs, as well as an apocarpous gynoecium. This study provides crucial information for our understanding of how the spatial-temporal regulation of floral meristem behavior is achieved in both evolutionary and developmental contexts.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Drug Release Stimulated by Magnetic Field and Light on Magnetite- and Carbon Dot-Loaded Carbon Nanohorn
Authors: Su Chin-Hao , Soendoro Andree , Okayama Shinya , Rahmania Fitriani Jati , Nagai Takashi , Imae Toyoko , Tsutsumiuchi Kaname , Kawai Noriyasu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles of 9 nm size were synthesized by co-precipitation, hybridized with carbon dots by in situ hydrothermal treatment, and chemically bound on an acid-treated carbon nanohorn through carbon dots. Separately, magnetite nanoparticles were in situ deposited on an acid-treated carbon nanohorn. Both composites were well dispersed in aqueous medium and displayed magnetism. These composites were examined for drug (doxorubicin and gemcitabine) loading/release and, additionally, a carbon dot-immobilized composite exerted the influence of the photodynamic/photothermal effects under laser light emission on gemcitabine release. The release of gemcitabine from magnetite-bound composite was completed when the hyperthermia procedure was conducted together under a magnet. Thus, the magnetite- and carbon dot-including composites possess possible simultaneous usage in phototherapy and thermotherapy including hyperthermia beside chemotherapy.
Develop and assess the psychometric property test on Burdened Care Caregiver Scale-Thai Version for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use
Authors: Imkome Ek-uma 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM) and test its psychometric properties. Methods: This instrument development research subjects were 142 caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. Sample size adequacy was tested by Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO), and Bartlett's test of sphericity tested the adequacy of the item correlation matrix. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the theoretical model. Results The 32-item TIBSCSM showed convergent validity correlations with two quality-of-life measures. Additionally, KMO=0.9, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity χ2=5248.5, df=496, p<0.001, CVI =1, and internal consistency reliability was high (α=0.9). The CFA has shown that the findings are supported by the theoretical models (χ2=325.2, df=287, p<0.001, RMSEA=0.0, CFI =0.9). Conclusion: The TIBSCSM scale has potential benefits for psychiatric nurses and psychiatric care teams to measure the impact and care burden of caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use in the areas of nursing, research, education, and clinical determination. The test results suggested that The TIBSCSM scale has potential benefits for psychiatric and mental health care team to assess the impact and burden care of schizophrenic caregiver for both research and clinical purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic for providing care to relieve the impact and burden of care. Implication for nursing and research: The TIBSCSM is a new tool developed in the Thai context, and it may replicate the studies to evaluate variations in TIBSCSM across settings.
Epidemiology of first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, from March to April 2020 and molecular characterization of the spike protein, in Gabon
Authors: LEKANA-DOUKI Sonia Etenna , N'DILIMABAKA Nadine , MBONGO-KAMA Elvire , KANDET YATTARA Marisca , MINTSA NDONG Armel , NGONGA DIKONGO Audrey Michel , ANDEKO Julia Cyrielle , ZONG MINKO Ornella , KOUMBA MAVOUNGOU Danielle Styvie , DIANE Abdoulaye , MABIKA MABIKA Arsene , NDONG MEBALEY Telstar , NDJANGANGOYE Nal Kennedy , BANGA MVE-ELLA Octavie , BOHOU KOMBILA Linda , MANGOMBI PAMBOU Joa Braithe , ENGONE ONDO Jeordy Dimitri , MAGANGA Gael Darren , LEKANA-DOUKI Jean-Bernard 
Published: February 2022

Background After the first cases of coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January 2020, we conducted an epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in Gabon. Methods We led molecular investigations on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples from the 1161 first suspected cases of COVID-19. We diagnosed the first case of COVID-19 on March, 12 2020. Results Among those suspected cases, 83 were confirmed cases. There was no significant difference in prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 between age groups (p=0.14). 73% were asymptomatic. The viral loads were significantly higher in the nasopharyngeal samples than in the oropharyngeal samples (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in viral loads between age groups (p=0.9895) and no correlation between clinical symptoms and viral loads (p=0.06042). A phylogenetic analysis performed with five sequences of the spike S gene showed that two sequences had the D614G mutation. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provides the first molecular data from Gabon concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The data showed that most of the infected people were asymptomatic. The viral load was higher in the nasopharyngeal samples. The S gene analyzed suggested both introduction of the D614 and G614 variant in Gabon.
Trends and correlates of hardcore smoking in India: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys 1 & 2
Authors: Veena Kattiyeri Puthenveedu , Mathews Elezebeth , Kodali Prakash Babu , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman 
Published: February 2022

Background: Data on prevalence of hardcore smoking (HCS) among different socioeconomic status (SES) groups in low- and middle-income countries are limited. We looked at the prevalence and pattern of HCS in India with the following objectives: 1) to analyse the association between SES and HCS, 2) to find trends in HCS in different SES groups and 3) to find state-wide variations in hardcore smoking. Methods: Data of individuals aged ≥25 years from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) India 2009-10 (N= 9223) and 2016-17 (N= 7647) were used for this study. If an individual met all the following criteria: (1) current smoker, (2) smokes 10 or more cigarettes/day, (3) smokes first puff within 30 minutes after waking up, (4) no quit attempt in last 12 months, (5) no intention to quit at all or in the next 12 months, (6) lack of knowledge of harmful effect of smoking, s/he was identified as a hardcore smoker. Multiple regression analysis was done to find the factors associated with HCS. Results: Prevalence of HCS deceased from 2.5% in GATS 1 to 1.9% in GATS 2: males from 6.2% to 3.9% and females from 0.3% to 0.2%. Compared to the richest group the poorest, poor and those who belonged to the middle-income group were more likely to report HCS in GATS 1 and 2. However, only in the poorest SES group there was an increase in the proportion of hardcore smokers in GATS 2 compared to GATS 1. Other factors that were significantly associated with HCS in both surveys were male gender, working adults, those with lower education, early initiation of smoking and households without any rules for smoking inside the home. Conclusions: Tobacco control and cessation efforts need to focus on individuals of poor SES groups particularly in the high prevalence Indian states.
Changes in children’s wellbeing in Bradford during COVID-19: The Born in Bradford COVID-19 longitudinal research study
Authors: Pybus Katie , Kelly Brian , Hou Bo , Ajebon Mildred , McIvor Claire , Bingham Daniel , McEachan Rosemary , Pickett Kate , Dickerson Josie 
Published: February 2022

Background: Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of COVID-19 and associated lockdown measures on child mental wellbeing, but emerging evidence suggests mixed results and there is a dearth of information from ethnically diverse samples. The current study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on wellbeing using longitudinal data collected from the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford family cohort study. Methods: Within-child changes in wellbeing were explored using data collected pre-pandemic and again during the first UK lockdown for 500 children aged 7-13 from a range of ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, using self-reported feelings of happiness and sadness. Associations between changes in wellbeing, demographic factors, quality of social relationships and physical activity levels were explored using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: In this sample, 55% of children reported no change in their wellbeing from pre-pandemic to during the first lockdown (n=264). Children of Pakistani heritage were more than twice as likely to report feeling sad less often than White British children (RRR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.23, 5.51) during the first lockdown, and those who reported being left out by other children before the pandemic were over three times as likely than those who did not (RRR: 3.72: 1.51, 9.20) to report feeling sad less often during the pandemic. Around a third of children reported feeling happier (n=152, 31.6%), but these changes did not relate to any of the explanatory variables included in this analysis. Conclusion: Many children in this study reported no changes in their wellbeing during the first UK lockdown compared to before the pandemic and some described improved wellbeing. These findings suggest that children have coped well with the significant changes over the past year, though targeted support, particularly for those children who felt excluded before the pandemic, would be beneficial.
A Village Remembered: Reconstruction of the Lemko Cultural Space from Before the Displacement using the Example of Bartne Village
Authors: Nowak Klaudia 
Published: February 2022

A Village Remembered. Reconstruction of the Lemko Cultural Space from Before the Displacement on the Example of Bartne Village
Tragic events of the middle of the 20th century, which were massive displacements of Lemkos to the western territories, led to irreversible spatial changes in the whole Lemkovyna. This destruction of space was a multi- stage process which progressed from the 1940s to the present day. In the material context, places such as the village of Bartne described in the article were almost completely destroyed, and the people living there and creating it were displaced. Based on oral narratives of contemporary inhabitants of Bartne, the article attempts to reconstruct the cultural space of Bartne from before the displacement.
Loss-Framed Incentives and Employee (Mis-)Behavior
Authors: Czibor Eszter , Hsu Danny , Jimenez-Gomez David , Neckermann Susanne , Subasi Burcu 
Published: February 2022

This paper explores how loss-framed incentives affect behavior in a multitasking environment in which participants have more than one way of recovering (expected) losses. In a real-effort laboratory experiment, we offer participants task incentives that are framed as either a reward (gain) or penalty (loss). We study their responses along three dimensions: performance in the incentivized task, theft, and voluntary provision of help. We find that framing incentives as a penalty rather than as a reward does not significantly improve task performance, but it increases theft and leads to a small and insignificant reduction in the share of participants willing to help the experimenter. Secondary analyses based on our theoretical framework help us pin down the mechanism at play and suggest that loss aversion drives participants’ response. Our findings have important implications for incentive design in practice. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Optimal Dynamic Momentum Strategies
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2022

Path Dependence of Optimal Dynamic Momentum Strategies The momentum effect has been studied by a tremendous number of papers, but surprisingly, there is little research on optimal momentum strategies. In “Optimal Dynamic Momentum Strategies,” Li and Liu explicitly solve the optimal dynamic portfolio problem when a risky asset has momentum. They show that, to optimally exploit momentum, one needs to account for path dependence, as well as momentum. In contrast, the momentum strategies discussed in most papers exploit only momentum. The optimal portfolio weight also significantly differs from that in the classic framework of Merton. Due to their path dependence, optimal portfolio weights have a wide distribution for a given level of momentum; for example, investors may short the risky asset if it has rebound price paths but leverage if it has hump-shaped price paths. This effect tends to be the most significant after large price swings. Path dependence is described through explicit formulas as well as heuristic statistics.
Parastomal hernias and information retention: how and when to educate ostomates on risk minimisation
Authors: Vernon Emma , Wright Stephen , White Pamela 
Published: February 2022

Background: Parastomal herniation is a common complication of stoma formation, caused by protrusion of the bowel through the abdominal wall, with a major negative impact on quality of life. Stoma care nurses should educate ostomates on how to minimise the risk of a parastomal hernia. However, new ostomates must absorb so much pre- and postoperative information that some of it may be missed, misunderstood or forgotten. Aims: A survey was conducted to determine how much information about parastomal hernias and risk minimisation patients remember, as well as the best way and time to deliver this information, including how often it should be repeated. Method: The survey comprised 13 multiple-choice questions and was distributed to adults with any type of stoma through medical equipment supplier SecuriCare Medical's postal mailing list and social media pages. These results were compared with findings from the literature. Findings: Of 544 participants, most were over 70 years old (55.2%) and had had a stoma for more than 10 years (59.1%). Of these, 70.6% had heard of parastomal hernias and 29.4% had not. Most of those who had heard of parastomal herniation heard of it when they were diagnosed with the complication (37.3%). Only 9.8% first heard of it from a stoma care nurse. Of those who had discussed herniation with a nurse, the largest group (26.4%) had done so at a postoperative home visit or clinic appointment. Conclusion: Those who have had their stoma for a long time are particularly likely to have never been educated on parastomal herniation or forgotten what they had learned, so are a priority for patient education. This education should be tailored to a patient's age, learning style and ability to process information in a short period, as well as anxiety level. Stoma care nurses should be careful to limit their use of jargon, abbreviations and the passive voice, as well as the amount and type of information being delivered. Such education should be delivered early and then repeated at regular intervals.