bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and counter‐cyclicality of fiscal consolidation under compliance regulation: The case of the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Theilen Bernd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study we examine the impact of the European Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) on narratively identified fiscal adjustments whose prime focus is to reduce the budget deficit and compare the effects with those on the primary and the structural budget balance. The cross section of EU and non‐EU economies and the sample period 1980–2014 allow for an assessment of the SGP regarding its effectiveness, cyclicality, and the type of fiscal adjustments (tax hikes vs. spending cuts) as compared with counterfactual scenarios. Our findings indicate that the SGP has effectively boosted budget consolidation measures identified by means of the narrative approach, whereas it had no overall impact on the primary and an overall minor impact on the structural budget balance. However, the effectiveness of the SGP has varied considerably over time. All measures indicate that the SGP was particularly effective in the period after the introduction of the Euro, except for the 2 years following the financial crisis in 2008. We find no evidence that fiscal policy has become more procyclical under the SGP. Finally, fiscal consolidation under the SGP favors spending cuts, whereas the application of tax hikes shows no sizeable differences as compared with the reference group.
Effect of RNS60 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase II multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Pupillo Elisabetta , Bianchi Elisa , Bonetto Valentina , Luotti Silvia , Pasetto Laura , Bendotti Caterina , Tortarolo Massimo , Sironi Francesca , Camporeale Laura , Sherman Alexander V. , Paganoni Sabrina , Scognamiglio Ada , De Marchi Fabiola , Bongioanni Paolo , Del Carratore Renata , Caponnetto Claudia , Diamanti Luca , Martinelli Daniele , Calvo Andrea , Filosto Massimiliano , Padovani Alessandro , Piccinelli Stefano Cotti , Ricci Claudia , Dalla Giacoma Stefania , De Angelis Nicoletta , Inghilleri Maurizio , Spataro Rossella , La Bella Vincenzo , Logroscino Giancarlo , Lunetta Christian , Tarlarini Claudia , Mandrioli Jessica , Martinelli Ilaria , Simonini Cecilia , Zucchi Elisabetta , Monsurrò Maria Rosaria , Ricciardi Dario , Trojsi Francesca , Riva Nilo , Filippi Massimo , Simone Isabella Laura , Sorarù Gianni , Spera Cristina , Florio Lucia , Messina Sonia , Russo Massimo , Siciliano Gabriele , Conte Amelia , Saddi Maria Valeria , Carboni Nicola , Mazzini Letizia ,   the RNS60‐ALS Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. RNS60 is an immunomodulatory and neuroprotective investigational product that has shown efficacy in animal models of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Its administration has been safe and well tolerated in ALS subjects in previous early phase trials.MethodsThis was a phase II, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial. Participants diagnosed with definite, probable or probable laboratory‐supported ALS were assigned to receive RNS60 or placebo administered for 24 weeks intravenously (375 ml) once a week and via nebulization (4 ml/day) on non‐infusion days, followed by an additional 24 weeks off‐treatment. The primary objective was to measure the effects of RNS60 treatment on selected biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration in peripheral blood. Secondary objectives were to measure the effect of RNS60 on functional impairment (ALS Functional Rating Scale—Revised), a measure of self‐sufficiency, respiratory function (forced vital capacity, FVC), quality of life (ALS Assessment Questionnaire‐40, ALSAQ‐40) and survival. Tolerability and safety were assessed.ResultsSeventy‐four participants were assigned to RNS60 and 73 to placebo. Assessed biomarkers did not differ between arms. The mean rate of decline in FVC and the eating and drinking domain of ALSAQ‐40 was slower in the RNS60 arm (FVC, difference 0.41 per week, standard error 0.16, p = 0.0101; ALSAQ‐40, difference –0.19 per week, standard error 0.10, p = 0.0319). Adverse events were similar in the two arms. In a post hoc analysis, neurofilament light chain increased over time in bulbar onset placebo participants whilst remaining stable in those treated with RNS60.ConclusionsThe positive effects of RNS60 on selected measures of respiratory and bulbar function warrant further investigation.
Gene panel to guide antiseizure medication prescribing: Does the cost justify the benefits?
Authors: Widjaja Elysa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPharmacogenomics hold the potential to identify variants associated with adverse drug reactions and treatment efficacy of anti‐seizure medications. A model‐based cost‐utility analysis by Gordon and colleagues showed that genetically‐guided therapy costs more, yielded higher quality‐adjusted life years outcomes, and was considered to be cost‐effective compared to usual care. The study provided preliminary evidence on the value of pharmacogenetic testing in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, data input for the model was based on assumptions that need to be empirically tested. Further, there are many other factors that may affect the cost‐effectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing that need to be considered, including the model of service delivery, its implementation in complex clinical service, whether clinicians will modify treatment decisions based on pharmacogenetic information, and the fidelity with which recommendation on testing is adhered to in the real‐world. The cost‐effectiveness analysis should be repeated when more robust data on the effectiveness of pharmacogenetics are available and conducted alongside a budget impact analysis, incorporating the direct health care resources required to implement widespread testing and potential subsequent changes in treatment.
A Novel, Laser‐Based Microsampling Technique for Texturally Controlled, Combined and Complementary Sr and Nd Isotope Measurements in Silicate Minerals
Authors: Logue Andrew S. , Bybee Grant M. , Tappa Michael J. , Baxter Ethan , Iaccheri Linda 
Published: September 2022

The limitations of many in situ microsampling techniques, especially when applied to isotopic analyses, may result in lower measurement precision and limit the ability to compare different isotope systems within the same phase or the same isotope system between phases. High‐precision, combined and complementary isotopic measurements are typically limited to whole‐rock samples or mineral separates at the expense of textural context. We demonstrate that laser ablation instruments could offer an effective, non‐mechanical alternative to micro‐milling for delineating and extracting single crystals, interstitial phases, and sub‐crystal scale features from soluble‐resin thick sections for column chromatography and high precision ID‐TIMS measurement. Systematic testing demonstrated that both modern and legacy laser instruments are capable of ablating through plagioclase, pyroxene and fused glass to depths of 200 μm. Modern instruments offer software benefits to identifying optically‐indistinct petrographic features, chemical zoning and avoiding alteration phases by using overlain high‐resolution datasets. Extracting delineated targets of varying geometry was achieved under binocular microscope using common mineral‐separation tools. Analysis of RM glass used as mineral proxies indicate (a) no significant thermal aureole on ablated margins that could affect measured parent‐daughter ratios, (b) no elevated risk of contamination compared with traditional mineral separation techniques, (c) excellent blanks for low‐yield analyses and (d) high‐precision ID‐TIMS results (87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) for sub‐100 ng Sr loads and sub‐10 ng Nd loads.
Clinically relevant model of oxaliplatin‐induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Authors: Toda Rei , Seo Satoru , Uemoto Yusuke , Morino Koshiro , Nishino Hiroto , Nakamura Naohiko , Okuno Masayuki , Iguchi Kohta , Sato Motohiko , Nakamura Kojiro , Taura Kojiro , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Nakagawa Takayuki , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Manabe Toshiaki , Kawaguchi Hiroaki , Iwaisako Keiko , Ikegawa Masaya , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimSinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) induced by oxaliplatin‐including chemotherapies (OXCx) is associated with impaired hepatic reserve and higher morbidity after hepatic resection. However, in the absence of an appropriate animal experimental model, little is known about its pathophysiology. This study aimed to establish a clinically relevant reproducible model of FOLFOX‐induced SOS and to compare the clinical/histopathological features between the clinical and animal SOS settings.MethodsWe performed clinical/pathological analyses of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients who underwent hepatectomy with/without preoperative treatment of FOLFOX (n = 22/18). Male micro‐minipigs were treated with 50% of the standard human dosage of the FOLFOX regimen.ResultsIn contrast to the monocrotaline‐induced SOS model in rats, hepatomegaly, ascites, congestion, and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes were absent in patients with CRLM with OXCx pretreatment and OXCx‐treated micro‐minipigs. In parallel to CRLM cases with OXCx pretreatment, OXCx‐challenged micro‐minipigs exhibited deteriorated indocyanine green clearance, morphological alteration of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and upregulated matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Using our novel porcine SOS model, we identified the hepatoprotective influence of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in OXCx‐SOS.ConclusionsWith distinct differences between monocrotaline‐induced rat SOS and human/pig OXCx‐SOS, our pig OXCx‐SOS model serves as a preclinical platform for future investigations to dissect the pathophysiology of OXCx‐SOS and seek preventive strategies.
Urgent desensitization for severe amiodarone intolerance with a 12‐step protocol
Authors: Purtell Christopher , Mehta Mehek , Steele Ryan , Schoenfeld Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 68‐year‐old man with severe nonischemic cardiomyopathy presented with cardiogenic shock and electrical storm. The patient had recently experienced a severe skin reaction to amiodarone and did not respond to alternative antiarrhythmic therapies. He underwent an emergent desensitization protocol and was able to tolerate amiodarone within 12 h. This was effective at suppressing electrical storm and did not lead to any further allergic or hemodynamic issues.
‘It's like being pushed into sea on a boat with no oars’: Breast cancer survivorship and rehabilitation support in Ireland and the UK
Authors: Deery Elizabeth , Johnston Katie , Butler Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer survivorship is associated with co‐morbidities including anxiety, depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Rehabilitative care post‐treatment is vital for survivors' psychological and physical well‐being. The present study aimed to investigate breast cancer survivors' attitudes towards their health post‐treatment; their awareness of co‐morbidities associated with treatment; and their awareness of support systems available.MethodsA qualitative research approach was employed, using semi‐structured interviews with breast cancer survivors from the UK and Ireland. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Eight breast cancer survivors were recruited through purposive sampling.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data: (1) health and rehabilitation post‐treatment, which included mental and physical health and a desire to control one's own health in survivorship as well as a discussion around co‐morbidities, and (2) access to support services in survivorship, which highlighted both positive and negative experiences of accessing support, as well as reasons for not accessing support in survivorship.ConclusionsAccess to rehabilitation support, including diet, exercise and stress management, is key to survivorship. Rehabilitation and support services need to be more readily available for survivors to aid them in this journey and to educate them on the increased risk of conditions such as CVD with cancer treatment. Utilising current cardiac rehabilitation models could be a solution to provide a holistic cancer rehabilitation, thus providing the lifelong support that cancer survivors both want and need.
Orthopox viruses and the safety margins of solvent‐detergent treated plasma‐derived medicinal products
Authors: Kindermann Johanna , Karbiener Michael , Kreil Thomas R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe currently ongoing outbreak of monkeypox virus in many non‐endemic countries around the world has also raised concerns about the safety of plasma‐derived medicinal products. Based on what is known about the poxviridae, that is, that members are exceedingly large and carry a lipid envelope, effective removal and inactivation by plasma product manufacturing processes is expected. For the widely used solvent‐detergent (S/D) treatments, however, poxviruses have been reported as potentially being a bit more resistant.Study Design and MethodsUsing a S/D mixture comprising tri‐n‐butyl‐phosphate, polysorbate 80 and Triton X‐100 (TX‐100), inactivation of vaccinia virus (a model closely resembling monkeypox virus, both within the same genus, i.e., Orthopoxvirus) in a plasma‐derived process intermediate was analyzed over 60 min. As use of Triton X‐100 will, based on environmental concerns, be restricted, similar experiments were conducted with a physicochemically virtually identical alternative, Nereid.ResultsFast inactivation of vaccinia virus to the assay detection limit, that is, reduction of infectivity by greater than 4 log10 within 10–20 min, was measured for the TX‐100 S/D mixture. The alternative S/D mixture (Nereid instead of TX‐100) was found fully equivalent.ConclusionAs for other lipid‐enveloped viruses, treatment of process intermediates with S/D mixtures containing TX‐100 or the closely related detergent Nereid are highly effective in inactivating poxviruses. Thus, the current spread of monkeypox virus does not compromise the viral safety margins of plasma‐derived medicines.
Diffusion Bonded Compact Heat Exchanger in Inconel 740H for High Temperature and High-Pressure Applications
Authors: Jia Zhijun , Parlow Thomas , Kuhr Dane , Anderson Mark , Baker Brian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is desired to develop heat exchangers able to be operated at high temperatures (750°C) and pressures (3636 psi) for use in advanced Brayton power cycle. Conventional materials have not had the high strength at temperature required for these applications previously, however a fairly new material Inconel 740H developed by Special Metals for the ultra-supercritical water fossil industry has shown good performance under these conditions. In further efforts to capitalize on these new high strength high temperature alloys CompRex has developed a diffusion bonding procedure capable of alloying compact high effectiveness heat exchangers that can perform under these high temperature and high-pressure conditions. Initial tests of the heat exchanger are being conducted at the University of Wisconsin using supercritical CO2 working fluid. The bonding process has been adjusted such that the strength of the bonded block has achieved over 90% yield and tensile strength of the 740H base material values. Grain size before and after bonding were measured to determine the extent of grain growth and grain diffusion across the interface. A discussion of the heat exchanger design, etching and initial tensile tests on sample bonds will be discussed.
Convective Heat Transfer Potential of Particles/Airflow Through Single Cell Thick Additively Manufactured Octet-Shaped Lattice Frame Material
Authors: Aider Youssef , Cho Heejin , Singh Prashant 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Particle-to-Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) heat exchangers are one of the most critical components of the next-generation Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. There have been several efforts to enhance the overall heat exchanger performance which essentially comprises of thermal resistances offered by sCO2 channel, wall (separating sCO2 with particles) thickness, particle-wall contact resistance and particle-side effective heat transfer coefficient. This study is focused towards reducing the particle side thermal resistance by incorporating single unit cell thick reticulated Octet lattice frame structures on the falling particle side to enhance the effective thermal conductivity of the particle channel and to enhance convective heat transfer between the falling particles and the solid phase of the falling particle channel (endwalls and fibers). Steady-state experiments were conducted to measure the effective thermal conductivity of lattice frame material for two cases: a) when void space was occupied by air, b) when void space was occupied with particles. Further, convective heat transfer experiments have been conducted with both air (steady-state) and particles (quasi steady-state) as “working fluid” for panels sandwiching the Octet array. Three different lattice porosities ranging from 0.75 to 0.9 have been tested for a wide range of air flow rates and a fixed particle flow rate (highest potential).
Analysis of the Heat Transfer and Criterion of Freezing of Molten Salt Startup Flow in Relatively Cold Pipes
Authors: Zhang Ye , Li Peiwen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Currently, most of the modern concentrated solar thermal power plants employ molten salts as the heat transfer fluid to carry the thermal energy from solar concentrators and deliver to thermal storage systems or thermal power plants for the need of power generation. For the startup operation of solar concentrators, molten salts need to be pumped to flow into the pipes which may have lower temperature than the molten salt due to cold ambient overnight or over the suspend period of operation. As the freezing point of various molten salts ranges from 220 °C to 430 °C, preventing the freezing of molten salt flowing in cold pipe is a very important requirement for the safe operation of a concentrated solar thermal power plant. In this work, the authors have conducted a basic heat transfer analysis of transient heat exchange between molten salts and the flow pipe to find a criterion or the critical condition of preventing molten salt from freezing. The effects of molten salt flow velocity, heat capacities of molten salt and pipe, dimensions of pipes, and the initial temperatures of salts and cold pipes are all correlated theoretically in the analysis through modeling of transient heat transfer between a pipe and the fluid. The results are very helpful to the understanding and management of a safe startup of hot molten salt flowing in cold pipes on cyclic operations.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Predictions of the Air-Cooled Condenser With Machine Learning Based on the Operation Big Data of the Power Plant
Authors: Chen Kai , Xie Xin , Chu Yan , Leng Meng , Zhang Jinyi , Xu Zhenwei , Huang Feng , Zhang Heming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The optimal operation of the air-cooled condenser (ACC) is crucial to the thermal efficiency of the power plant, where the heat transfer capacity of the ACC plays the fundamental role. However, the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the ACC is usually unknown due to its complexity under the real operation conditions, and therefore the operation of the ACC relies on the operator’s experience. Here prediction models of HTC of the ACC incorporating the heat transfer mechanisms and the machine learning algorithms are proposed. Approximately 1200 thousand of data records from a thermal power plant of China are reduced and used to train the models. Machine learning algorithms, such as Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), XGBoost (XGB), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are applied to build the models, which are all evaluated with the records in the test dataset. 17 parameters are treated as the features to train the HTC prediction models. Predictions with all the algorithms reach the level of engineering applications (MAPE &lt; 0.060, R2 &gt; 0.930, δ &gt; 0.930), where XGB performs the best (MAPE = 0.042, R2 = 0.962, δ = 0.972). The feature importance and the correlations among all the parameters are analyzed. The effects of the ACC heat exchanger locations on the heat transfer are also studied based on the variations of the feature importance. In addition, the prediction model of the ACC fan rotation speed ω is studied as well, which is not as good as the HTC prediction model as ω prediction is an inverse problem. This work will benefit the thermal efficiency improvement of the power plant with the historical operating data with low cost.
Topology Optimization Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Cooling Channel Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling
Authors: Duan Zhijian , Xie Gongnan , Ma Xinrong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Based on the steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, a topology optimization strategy for fluid-solid coupling structure was proposed to maximize cooling efficiency. The physical model was established based on the active cooling system for scramjet configuration, and the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) was used to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations. Furthermore, combined with the rational approximation of material properties (RAMP) method, the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) was used to solve the mathematical optimal model with different boundary conditions and objective functions. Numerical examples were provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the optimization strategy. The optimal flow passages of scramjet active cooling system under constraints are given successfully. Compared with the initial channel, the performance of the topological channel in reducing average temperature and flow loss is significantly improved, and the temperature of the construction is more uniform to avoid the occurrence of concentrated high temperature areas. In practical engineering application, the preliminary configuration obtained from the topology optimization can be parameterized to further improve the cooling performance of the channel.
Effects of Flow-Induced Vibration on Forced Convection Heat Transfer From Two Tandem Cylinders at Unequal Diameters
Authors: Khan Hamid Hassan , Islam Md Didarul , Fatt Yap Yit , Janajreh Isam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of FIV on forced convection heat transfer from two elastically mounted tandem cylinders of unequal diameters has been investigated. The present numerical simulation demonstrates the effect of the diameter ratio (d/D = 0.2–1) on the heat transfer of an upstream cylinder with variable diameter ‘d’ and a downstream cylinder with constant diameter ‘D’. The flow is considered incompressible, two-dimensional, laminar at Re = 150 and Pr = 0.71. The two elastically mounted heated cylinders are allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction with reduced velocity Ur = 4 and 6, mass ratio m* = 2, damping ratio ξ = 0. The gap ratio between cylinders G/D = 1.5 and 3.5 are considered to elucidate the effect of heat transfer in extended body regime (G/D = 1.5) and reattachment regime (G/D = 3.5). The impact of the diameter ratio (d/D = 0.2–1) on flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics is demonstrated through oscillation amplitude, flow structures and Nusselt number.