bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Control in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lubaki Jean-Pierre Fina , Omole Olufemi Babatunde , Francis Joel Msafiri 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background There is an increased burden of diabetes globally including in sub-Saharan Africa. The literature shows that the control of type-2 diabetes is generally poor in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Gaining an understanding of the factors influencing glycaemic control in this region is therefore important to develop interventions to optimize glycaemic control. We carried out a systematic review to determine the prevalence and factors associated with glycaemic control in sub-Saharan Africa to inform the development of a glycaemic control framework in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. MethodsWe searched five databases (African Index Medicus, Africa-Wide Information, Global Health, PubMed, and Web of Science) using the following search terms: type-2 diabetes, glycaemic control, and sub-Saharan Africa. Only peer-reviewed articles from January 2012 to May 2022 were eligible for this review. Two reviewers, independently, selected articles, assessed their methodological quality using Joanna Briggs checklists, and extracted data. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of glycaemic control. Factors associated with glycaemic control were presented as a narrative synthesis due to heterogeneity as assessed by the I2. ResultsA total of 74 studies, involving 21,133 participants were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of glycaemic control was 30%. The highest glycaemic control reported was 60%. The factors significantly associated with glycaemic control were categorized into six groups: sociodemographic (younger and older age, gender, lower income, absence of health insurance, low level of education, place of residence, family support, coping strategies), lifestyle (dietary adherence, practice of exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption), clinical (family history of diabetes, longer duration of diabetes, presence of comorbidities/complications), adherence (attendance to follow-up, medication adherence), treatment modalities (pill burden, treatment regimen, use of statins or anti-hypertensives, education about diabetes, definition of glycaemic goals), and glycaemic control optimization interventions.ConclusionSub-optimal glycaemic control is pervasive among patients with type-2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa and poses a significant public health challenge. While urgent interventions are required to optimize glycaemic control in this region, these should be taken account of sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and treatment-related factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is registered in PROSPERO under CRD 42021237941.
Food-grade Secretory Expression of β-mannanase Mutant in Bacillus subtilis and Its Application for Manoligosaccharides Preparation
Authors: Chen Yun , Gao Weiqiang , Liang Qi , Zhou Xiaolei , Yang Xu , Wu Tianning , Wang Lili , Yang Xiaorui , Zhang Chunxiao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: β-mannanase, an enzyme can randomly hydrolyze mannan, has been applied in different fields such as agriculture, food, and paper industries. Although various β-mannanase with different properties have been characterized, few of them meet the high demand in the biorefinery industry.Results: A β-mannanase mutant with higher activity was achieved and applied to prepare manoligosaccharides. To improve β-mannanase activity, the directed evolution of β-mannanase gene from Bacillus licheniformis KD-1 was carried out by error-prone PCR and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. Two loci (I91N and L211I) located at outside of the β-mannanase catalytic center influence the enzyme activity at great degree. For the biosafety of β -mannanase application, the B. subtilis food-grade expression system was constructed. Firstly, the d-alanine racemase (dal) gene of the bacteria was deleted by CRISPR/Cpf1 genome editing without scars. Secondly, the corresponding expression vector was constructed by deleting the antibiotics marker genes replaced with dal gene to realize auxotrophic complementation screening. The results showed that the β-mannanase mutant, ManBl (I91N/L211I) had the enzyme activity of 17601.3 U/mL and its specific activity was 15554.7 U/mg, which was 4.2 times of the wild-type ManBl. The food-grade expressed β-mannanase was applied to degrade konjac glucomannan for preparing manoligosaccharides and the results showed that the formed manoligosaccharides accounted for 85% of the hydrolysate. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of two loci located at outside the β-mannanase ManBl catalytic center influence the enzyme activity at great degree. The food-grade expressed β-mannanase (I91N/L211I) mutant with higher activity can be used to prepare manoligosaccharides, which lays the basis for transforming the low-value materials to high-value products.
Global trends of Helicobacter pylori biofilm research in the past two decades: A bibliometric study
Authors: Wang Jin-yun , Xie Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation is a key factor of refractory helicobacter pylori infection. This study aimed to access the research trends of helicobacter pylori biofilm.Methods: Publications from 1998 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Different kinds of software, EXCEL, VOSviewer, and the online bibliometric analysis platform were used to evaluate and visualize the bibliometric data.Results: A total of 154 publications were finally identified, and the annual number of publications showed a rising trend. The China made the greatest contributions to this research field, while the journal of Helicobacter was the most productive journal. Grande rossella published the most papers, and the most productive institution was G dannunzio University. Co-occurrence network maps revealed that the keyword of “Helicobacter pylori” ranked first in research field, and the keyword of “biofilm formation” and “in vitro” began to appear in the past 3 to 5 years.Conclusion: The annual number of publications on helicobacter pylori biofilm have grown steadily in the past two decades and will continue to grow. Future research hot spots will domain in the establishment of helicobacter pylori biofilm in vitro model and mechanism of helicobacter pylori biofilm formation.
METTL3 stabilization by PIN1 promotes breast tumorigenesis via enhanced m6A-dependent translation
Authors: Choi Hong Seok , Bhattarai Poshan Yugal , Kim Garam , Poudel Muna , Lim Sung Chul , Mariappan Ramesh , Ohn Takbum 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the catalytic subunit of the N6-adenosine methyltransferase complex responsible for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA in mammalian cells. Although METTL3 expression is increased in several cancers, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. We explored the regulatory roles of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) in METTL3 stability and m6A modification of mRNA. PIN1 interacted with METTL3 and prevented its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. It stabilized METTL3, which increased the m6A modification of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA, resulting in their efficient translation. PIN1 knockout reduced polysome assembly and TAZ and EGFR mRNA in polysome fractions. Inhibition of MEK1/2 kinases and PIN1 destabilized METTL3, which impeded breast cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phases. METTL3 knockout reduced PIN1 overexpression-induced colony formation in MCF7 cells and enhanced tumor growth in 4T1 cells in an orthotopic mouse model. In clinical settings, METTL3 expression significantly increased with tumor progression and was positively correlated with PIN1 expression in breast cancer tissues. Thus, PIN1 plays a regulatory role in mRNA translation, and the PIN1/METTL3 axis may be an alternative therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Learning outcomes of an International Health Elective: defining learning outcomes for a unique experience
Authors: Versluis M. A.C. , Jöbsis N. C. , Tuinsma R. , Jaarsma A.D.C. , Duvivier R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: An International Health Elective (IHE) can be a unique learning experience for students. However, it has proven difficult to clearly define learning outcomes that capture the complexity of an IHE and are aligned with future professional performance. This study aimed to further define learning outcomes for IHEs in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) from a student perspective.Methods: We conducted a deductive analysis of pre-departure and post-elective reflective reports of fifth-year medical students who participated in an IHE as part of their program. This provided possible learning objectives that were further explored in semi-structured individual interviews with medical students who had recently returned from an IHE.Results: We analyzed 33 reports of students participating in an IHE from 2017-2019 and held 19 interviews. Thematic analysis revealed 9 themes: developing intercultural competence, developing appreciation for differences in health care delivery systems, understanding international health, understanding the global burden of disease, developing a career perspective, developing clinical skills in resource low settings, becoming cost conscious, developing social responsibility and self-actualization.Conclusions: We identified 9 learning outcomes that are directly and indirectly related to clinical practice. They add to the on-going discourse on the benefits of IHEs. These outcomes can be further developed by investigating the perspectives of home and host supervisors and educationalists, while taking the local context into account. Follow-up studies can evaluate to what extend these outcomes are achieve during an IHE.
A new image encryption method based on a 6D hyperchaotic map and genetic operators
Authors: Demirtaş Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel and secure image encryption method. The plain image’s pixels are confused using the N-point crossover operation of genetic algorithms. Randomly paired rows and columns are determined by the two state variables of a six-dimensional hyperchaotic map. The number of crossover points, which are calculated by the two other state variables of the hyperchaotic map, differ from each other for each row or column pair. The crossover positions are specified according to the number of crossover points with the help of the last two state variables. The proposed algorithm generates the diffusion stage’s encryption key using the SHA-256 hash value of the plain image. Mutation and crossover operators are implemented into the 16-bit subblocks of the 256-bit hash value. Thus, a total of 16 subblocks with the size of 16 bits are employed as the encryption key after the implementation of the genetic operations. The scrambled image’s pixels are altered with the generated encryption key and previously encrypted pixels. Key space and sensitivity, histogram, correlation, information entropy, differential, data loss, noise attack, and computational time analyzes are performed to test the safety and effectiveness of the encryption method. The experiments and simulation results show that the proposed encryption technique is highly secure and efficient since it can resist various attacks. The comparisons with recent works show that this method outperforms many state-of-the-art algorithms in several performance metrics.
Neuroinflammation triggers microglial phagocytosis of synapses via induction of synaptic filopodia
Authors: Cangalaya Carla , Wegmann Susanne , Sun Weilun , Diez Lisa , Gottfried Anna , Richter Karin , Stoyanov Stoyan , Pakan Janelle , Fischer Klaus-Dieter , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Activated microglia play a significant role in synaptic elimination during neuroinflammation, however, the events prior to the uptake of synaptic material by these cells remain elusive. Here, we performed in vivo two-photon imaging of microglia-synapse interactions in the context of systemic inflammation and Alzheimer´s disease. Both treatments induced microglial activation and decreased the basal surveillance of synapses by microglia. Focal synaptic stress was necessary to promote long-lasting microglia-neuron contacts and exacerbate spine elimination. The rate of spine elimination strongly correlated with the frequency of synaptic filopodia generation and microglial expression of phagocytic proteins. We show that activated microglia largely eliminate spines through phagocytosis rather than promoting their rapid retraction into dendrites. Moreover, we found that activated microglia induce the physical stretching of spines and their phagocytosis via the induction of spine head filopodia. Our real-time observations highlight key factors and decision points governing synaptic elimination by microglia during neuroinflammation.
Augmentation of accuracy with the use of different datasets in Artificial Intelligence based corneal ulcer detection
Authors: Daoud Abdullah Akram Raja , Gusseinova Maryamdostu , Celebi Ali Riza Cenk 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The present research was aimed to investigate the Neural Architecture Search (NASNet) based Vertex AI in the Google Cloud platform for detecting corneal ulcers.Methods: In the first model, a total of 712 images of corneal ulcers were obtained from the Kaggle platform and grouped according to the category, type, and grade. After the augmentation of a new set of 352 healthy eye images from another Kaggle dataset, the latest model was tested using Vertex AI.Results: The first model distinguished different categories of corneal ulcers with an accuracy rate of 76.3%, whereas the precision and recall were 80.5% and 57.1%, respectively. The latest model detected corneal ulcers with an accuracy of 98.2%, along with a precision and recall value of 95.1% for both.Conclusion: The performance of Vertex AI can be altered with the use of additional datasets during training for differentiating corneal ulcers among normal eyes.
Anti-cancer potential of substituted ‘amino-alkyl-rhodamine’ derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
Authors: Behera Padma Charan , karmakar Varnita , Ghosh Arya , Dey Suddhasatya , Rangra Naresh Kumar , Bag Bamaprasad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent diagnosed cancer among women and the main cause of morbidity and mortality. As for breast cancer, MCF-7 cells are an important candidate since they are widely utilised in research for oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell assays, and various sub-clones have been identified to reflect different classes of ER-positive tumours with varied levels of nuclear receptor expression. Rhodamines and its derivatives have shown a great interest over the past two decades due to their excellent structural and spectroscopic properties. Rhodamine derivatives have been widely investigated for their mitochondrial targeting and chemotherapeutic properties. Rhodamine derivatives, in particular, have been widely investigated for their therapeutic properties. In this regard, several studies have shown that Rhodamine dye derivatives have promising in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The present study deals with potential anticancer activity of few synthesized rhodamine derivatives against MCF-7 cell lines.
Community Reach: Community-Based Screening Program for Hepatitis C Among People Who Use Drugs, Arizona
Authors: Snyder Cassidy , Broman Karen , Meyerson Beth , Choudhury Tripti , Rosa Joby De La , Garcia Roberto C. , Lizarraga Angelica Garcia , Levin Steven , Sieloff Deseree , Sweet Rachael , Weiss Turiya , Wettemann Courteney , Yamaguchi Dusti 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background: Efforts to eliminate hepatitis C are hampered by the inability to reach communities with screening opportunities, especially people who use drugs.Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and impact of a community-based hepatitis C screening program for people who use drugs in Arizona.Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of hepatitis C screening and participant survey data gathered from July 18, 2019 through March 23, 2020. The primary outcome measure was a reactive HCV test. The survey measured demographics in an open-ended manner, presenting an array of response options allowing participants to self-define their identities. The analysis was conducted in 2021.Results: The sample included 541 people from 12 of Arizona’s 15 counties. Over half of the sample (50.8%) reported ever injecting drugs and 21% of the participants were reactive for HCV. Conclusions: Community-based HCV screening among people who use drugs by harm reduction organizations will significantly assist public health efforts to identify people in need of curative HCV treatment early and within supportive environments to address it.
The Cross-talk, Genetic Alteration, Molecular Functions, and Cluster Relevance of the Major Types of Regulated Cell Death in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Li Jingxian , Qi Yuanjiong , Liu Yang , Liu Xun , Li Shuai , Shi Jianxi , Gao Chao , Li Bo , Zhang Changwen , Du E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine risk factors of abdominal distention after radical cystectomy and establish a nomogram for clinical risk assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We collected the clinical information of 139 patients who underwent radical cystectomy from January 2020 to August 2021. The chi-square test, hypergeometric tests, and univariate/multivariate logistic regression were utilized to explore the relationship between variables and abdominal distention after radical cystectomy. Then, a nomogram was used to predict the probability of abdominal distension for the patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Calibration and ROC curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model.
RESULTS
We found that 35 patients (25%) occurred in abdominal distention after radical cystectomy. Among these, 7 of them developed intestinal obstruction. Postoperative water fasting time and abdominal surgery history were independent risk factors for abdominal distension after surgery. Finally, we constructed a risk model to predict the probability of abdominal distension after surgery. This model showed good fitting and calibration and excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.804).
CONCLUSION
Postoperative water fasting time and abdominal surgery history were independent risk factors for abdominal distension after surgery. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative abdominal distention between robot-assisted cystectomy and laparoscopic cystectomy.
The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr43 encodes an unusual protein kinase
Authors: Yu Guotai , Matny Oadi , Gourdoupis Spyridon , Johnson Ryan , Aljedaani Fatimah R. , Blilou Ikram , Gardener Catherine H. , Yue Yajuan , Kangara Ngoni , Steuernagel Burkhard , Hayta Sadiye , Smedley Mark , Harwood Wendy , Patpour Mehran , Wu Shuangye , Poland Jesse A. , Jones Jonathan , Reuber Lynne , Ronen Moshe , Sharon Amir , Rouse Matthew , Xu Steven , Holušová Kateřina , Bartos Jan , Molnár István , Karafiátová Miroslava , Jaremko Łukasz , Doležel Jaroslav , Steffenson Brian , Wulff Brande B. H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To safeguard bread wheat against pests and diseases, breeders have introduced over 200 resistance genes into its genome, thus nearly doubling the number of designated resistance genes in the wheat gene pool. Isolating these genes facilitates their fast-tracking in breeding programs and incorporation into polygene stacks for more durable resistance. We cloned the stem rust resistance gene Sr43, which was crossed into bread wheat from the wild grass Thinopyrum elongatum. Sr43 encodes a protein kinase fused to two domains of unknown function. The gene, which is unique to the Triticeae, appears to have arisen through a gene fusion event 6.7 to 11.6 million years ago. Transgenic expression of Sr43 in wheat conferred high levels of resistance to a wide range of isolates of the pathogen causing stem rust, highlighting the potential value of Sr43 in resistance breeding and engineering.
A revised work on the Rayleigh-Bénard instability of nanofluid in a porous medium layer
Authors: Chang Min-Hsing , Yan Wei-Mon , Ruo An-Cheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Instability of a horizontal porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid heated from below is revisited. The study employs Buongiorno’s model for nanofluids and Darcy model for porous media. Different from the previous studies, this analysis is performed based on a nonlinear base-state solution, obtained by considering the dependence of thermophoretic diffusion coefficient on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. It is found that an infinitesimal temperature gradient is sufficient to overcome Darcy drag and trigger the onset of convection in a porous layer. In comparison with the previous works, the threshold of instability in presence of the nonlinear particle distribution shifts to lower concentration by two orders of magnitude. The physical mechanism causing the enhancement of instability is explained via an order of magnitude analysis. The theoretical result suggests that the instability in a porous media can be enhanced substantially by suspending nanoparticles.
The trend in neuraxial morphine use and postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery in Japan from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Yonekura Hiroshi , Mazda Yusuke , Noguchi Shohei , Tsunobuchi Hironaka , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The increasing rate of cesarean deliveries warrants obstetric anesthesiologists to deliver high-quality post-cesarean delivery analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal trends in the use of neuraxial morphine for cesarean deliveries and to describe the current postoperative analgesia practices. A retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims databases was conducted from 2005 to 2020 in Japan. Pregnant women who had undergone cesarean deliveries (elective or emergency) were included. The annual rate of neuraxial morphine use was extracted and analyzed. Additionally, we explored the patient- and facility-level factors associated with neuraxial morphine use through a multilevel logistic regression analysis. The cohort included 65,208 cesarean delivery cases (56,307 patients) from 2,275 institutions. The prevalence of neuraxial morphine use was 16.0% in the overall cohort. Intrathecal morphine was used in 20.6% of spinal anesthesia cases. The trend in neuraxial morphine use steadily increased from 2005 to 2020 (P for trend < 0.001). The significant predictors of neuraxial morphine use included spinal anesthesia, recent surgery, large medical facilities, and academic hospitals. There were variations in the utilization of postoperative analgesia. Our study described the current trend of neuraxial morphine use and the variation in postoperative analgesia practice in Japan.