bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular deconditioning and impact of artificial gravity during 60-day head-down bed rest—Insights from 4D flow cardiac MRI
Authors: Rabineau Jeremy , Issertine Margot , Hoffmann Fabian , Gerlach Darius , Caiani Enrico G. , Haut Benoit , van de Borne Philippe , Tank Jens , Migeotte Pierre-François 
Published: October 2022

Microgravity has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. We evaluated some parameters of blood flow and vascular stiffness during 60 days of simulated microgravity in head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. We also tested the hypothesis that daily exposure to 30 min of artificial gravity (1 g) would mitigate these adaptations. 24 healthy subjects (8 women) were evenly distributed in three groups: continuous artificial gravity, intermittent artificial gravity, or control. 4D flow cardiac MRI was acquired in horizontal position before (−9 days), during (5, 21, and 56 days), and after (+4 days) the HDT period. The false discovery rate was set at 0.05. The results are presented as median (first quartile; third quartile). No group or group × time differences were observed so the groups were combined. At the end of the HDT phase, we reported a decrease in the stroke volume allocated to the lower body (−30% [−35%; −22%]) and the upper body (−20% [−30%; +11%]), but in different proportions, reflected by an increased share of blood flow towards the upper body. The aortic pulse wave velocity increased (+16% [+9%; +25%]), and so did other markers of arterial stiffness (CAVI; CAVI0). In males, the time-averaged wall shear stress decreased (−13% [−17%; −5%]) and the relative residence time increased (+14% [+5%; +21%]), while these changes were not observed among females. Most of these parameters tended to or returned to baseline after 4 days of recovery. The effects of the artificial gravity countermeasure were not visible. We recommend increasing the load factor, the time of exposure, or combining it with physical exercise. The changes in blood flow confirmed the different adaptations occurring in the upper and lower body, with a larger share of blood volume dedicated to the upper body during (simulated) microgravity. The aorta appeared stiffer during the HDT phase, however all the changes remained subclinical and probably the sole consequence of reversible functional changes caused by reduced blood flow. Interestingly, some wall shear stress markers were more stable in females than in males. No permanent cardiovascular adaptations following 60 days of HDT bed rest were observed.
Intensity and duration of salinity required to form adaptive response in C4 halophyte Kochia prostrata (L.) Shrad
Authors: Shuyskaya Elena , Rakhmankulova Zulfira , Prokofieva Maria , Saidova Luizat , Toderich Kristina , Voronin Pavel 
Published: October 2022

Plant adaptation to salinity is a highly multifaceted process, harnessing various physiological mechanisms depending on the severity and duration of salt stress. This study focuses on the effects of 4- and 10-day treatments with low (100 mM NaCl) and moderate (200 mM NaCl) salinity on growth, CO2/H2O gas exchange, stomatal apparatus performance, the efficiency of photosystems I and II (PS I and II), content of key C4 photosynthesis enzymes, and the accumulation of Na+, K+, and proline in shoots of the widespread forage C4 halophyte Kochia prostrata. Our data show that 4 days of low salinity treatment resulted in a decrease in biomass, intensity of apparent photosynthesis, and cyclic electron transport around PS I. It was accompanied by an increase in transpiration and Rubisco and PEPC contents, while the Na+ and proline contents were low in K. prostrata shoots. By the 10th day of salinity, Na+ and proline have accumulated; PS I function has stabilized, while PS II efficiency has decreased due to the enhanced non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). Thus, under low salinity conditions, Na+ accumulated slowly and the imbalance between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis was observed. These processes might be induced by an early sodium signaling wave that affects cellular pH and ion homeostasis, ultimately disturbing photosynthetic electron transport. Another adaptive reaction more “typical” of salt-tolerant species was observed at 200 mM NaCl treatment. It proceeds in two stages. First, during the first 4 days, dry biomass and apparent photosynthesis decrease, whereas stomata sensitivity and dissipation energy during dark respiration increase. In parallel, an active Na+ accumulation and a decreased K+/Na+ ratio take place. Second, by the 10th day, a fully-fledged adaptive response was formed, when growth and apparent photosynthesis stabilized and stomata closed. Decreased dissipation energy, increased WUE, stabilization of Rubisco and PEPC contents, and decreased proline content testify to the completion of the adaptation and stabilization of the physiological state of plants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the formation of a full-fledged salt-tolerant response common for halophytes in K. prostrata occurs by the 10th day of moderate salinity.
Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests
Authors: Ben Saadi Celina , Cayuela Luis , Bañares de Dios Guillermo , de Aledo Julia G. , Matas-Granados Laura , Salinas Norma , La Torre Cuadros María de los Ángeles , Macía Manuel J. 
Published: October 2022

Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.
Genome-wide analyses using multi-locus models revealed marker-trait associations for major agronomic traits in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Enyew Muluken , Feyissa Tileye , Carlsson Anders S. , Tesfaye Kassahun , Hammenhag Cecilia , Seyoum Amare , Geleta Mulatu 
Published: October 2022

Globally, sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop, and it is a major crop in Ethiopia, where it has a high genetic diversity. The country’s sorghum gene pool contributes significantly to sorghum improvement worldwide. This study aimed to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with major agronomic traits in sorghum by using its genetic resources in Ethiopia for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Phenotypic data of days to flowering (DTF), plant height (PH), panicle length (PALH), panicle width (PAWD), panicle weight (PAWT), and grain yield (GY) were collected from a GWAS panel comprising 324 sorghum accessions grown in three environments. SeqSNP, a targeted genotyping method, was used to genotype the panel using 5,000 gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. For marker-trait association (MTA) analyses, fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU), and Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) models were used. In all traits, high phenotypic variation was observed, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.32 (for GY) to 0.90 (for PALH). A population structure, principal component analysis, and kinship analysis revealed that the accessions could be divided into two groups. In total, 54 MTAs were identified, 11 of which were detected by both BLINK and farmCPU. MTAs identified for each trait ranged from five (PAWT and GY) to fourteen (PH) representing both novel and previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Three SNPs were associated with more than one trait, including a SNP within the Sobic.004G189200 gene that was associated with PH and PAWT. Major effect SNP loci, Sbi2393610 (PVE = 23.3%), Sbi10438246 (PVE = 35.2%), Sbi17789352 (PVE = 11.9%) and Sbi30169733 (PVE = 18.9%) on chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 9 that showed strong association signals for PAWD, DTF, GY and PALH, respectively, were major findings of this study. The SNP markers and candidate genes identified in this study provide insights into the genetic control of grain yield and related agronomic traits, and once validated, the markers could be used in genomics-led breeding.
LunaR: Overview of a versatile Raman spectrometer for lunar exploration
Authors: Cloutis E. A. , Caudill C. , Lalla E. A. , Newman J. , Daly M. , Lymer E. , Freemantle J. , Kruzelecky R. , Applin D. , Chen H. , Connell S. , Fernandes D. , Giusto F. , Hawke J. , Lamamry J. , Murzionak P. , Parkinson A. , Peng Q.-Y. , Turenne N. , Wolf Z. U. 
Published: October 2022

The LunaR concept study investigated the scientific value, feasibility, and deployment options for a Raman spectrometer on future lunar landed missions. It consists of a breadboard instrument that covers the 150–4000 cm−1 wavelength range with a resolution of ∼6 cm−1; Raman scattering is induced by a 532 nm continuous wave laser. The current conceptual design envisions the Raman spectrometer performing a downward-looking, 90-point one-dimensional across-track scan (±45°off nadir) of the lunar surface with the instrument mounted on the underside of a rover. A downward-looking context camera would provide information on the physical nature of targets interrogated by the Raman spectrometer and localization of the Raman spectra. Our laboratory investigations indicate that Raman spectroscopy is applicable to addressing a wide range of lunar surface exploration goals related to geology, in situ resource identification, and condensed volatile detection in diverse geological terrains, including permanently shadowed regions. Testing of a breadboard and commercial instrument on lunar samples and analogues indicates that a complete spectral scan of a target of interest can be completed in ∼90 min, permitting its use on even short-duration lunar landed missions. All of the major minerals present on the Moon can be detected, and in many cases their compositions can be quantified or constrained.
The Association Between Living Area in Childhood and Respiratory Disease Mortality in Adulthood
Authors: Iwasaki Ayumu , Teramoto Masayuki , Muraki Isao , Shirai Kokoro , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2022

Objective: No studies have examined the association between characteristics of urban areas and future respiratory disease mortality. We examined whether the type of living area during childhood was associated with all-cause and respiratory disease mortality in adulthood.Methods: A total of 81,413 Japanese participants aged 40–79 years old completed a lifestyle questionnaire including the type of childhood living areas. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause and respiratory disease mortality.Results: Living in large city areas in childhood was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality [HR = 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01–1.10)], but not with respiratory disease mortality [HR = 1.04 (95% CI, 0.92–1.18)] compared to rural and remote areas. The excess risk of all-cause and respiratory disease mortality was primarily found in industrial areas among men; the respective multivariable HRs were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.00–1.64) and 1.90 (95% CI: 1.10–3.29).Conclusion: Eliminating childhood health hazards associated with living in industrial areas suggested to reduce the risk of mortality from respiratory diseases in adulthood.
Effectiveness of preconception interventions in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Withanage Nishadi N , Botfield Jessica R , Srinivasan Sonia , Black Kirsten I , Mazza Danielle 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrimary care-based preconception care (PCC) has the potential to improve pregnancy outcomes, but the effectiveness is unclear.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of primary care-based PCC delivered to reproductive-aged females and/or males to improve health knowledge, reduce preconception risk factors, and improve pregnancy outcomes.Design and settingA systematic review of primary care-based PCC.MethodOvid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between July 1999 and May 2021. Two reviewers independently evaluated article eligibility and quality.ResultsTwenty-eight articles reporting on 22 RCTs were included. All but one focused on females. Interventions included brief education (single session) (n= 8), intensive education (multiple sessions) (n= 9), supplementary medication (n= 7), and dietary modification (n= 4). Brief education improved health knowledge in females (n= 3) and males (n= 1), reduced alcohol/tobacco consumption (n= 2), and increased folate intake (n= 3). Intensive education reduced spontaneous pregnancy loss (n= 1), alcohol-exposed pregnancies (n= 2), and increased physical activity (n= 2). Supplementary medication increased folate intake (n= 4) and dietary modification reduced pre-eclampsia (n= 1) and increased birth weight (n= 1). Only nine articles reported on pregnancy outcomes, with a range of interventions used; of these, four reported improvements in pregnancy outcomes. Most RCTs were of low quality (n= 12).ConclusionPrimary care-based PCC including brief and intensive education, supplementary medication, and dietary modification are effective in improving health knowledge and reducing preconception risk factors in females, although there is limited evidence for males. Further research is required to determine whether primary care-based PCC can improve pregnancy outcomes.
Cancer history as a predictor in cardiovascular risk scores: a primary care cohort study
Authors: Strongman Helen , Herrett Emily , Jackson Rod , Sweeting Michael , Lyon Alexander R , Stanway Susannah , Lawson Claire , Kadam Umesh , Smeeth Liam , Bhaskaran Krishnan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCardiovascular risks are raised in cancer survivors but cancer history is not included in cardiovascular risk scores that inform preventive decisions.AimTo assess whether cancer diagnosis should be included in cardiovascular risk scores.Design and settingCohort study using data from English general practices linked to hospital, cancer registration, and death registration data from 1990 to 2015.MethodAdults alive 1 year after a first cancer diagnosis and age, sex, general practice, and calendar- time matched cancer-free individuals were included. Individuals with <2 years of follow-up before index, recent statin prescriptions, or pre-existing coronary heart or cerebrovascular disease were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models used to develop QRISK3 scores were replicated with added cancer history variables. Whether independent hazard ratios for these variables met thresholds for inclusion in QRISK3 (>10% relative difference withP<0.01) was assessed.ResultsIn total, 81 420 cancer survivors and 413 547 cancer-free individuals were followed for a median 5.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.8– 9.1) and 6.3 years (IQR 3.5–10.2), respectively. Including a 1-year cancer survivorship variable in a QRISK3-based model met the threshold for inclusion for males (independent hazard ratio [iHR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11 to 1.20,P<0.001) but not females (iHR 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14,P= 0.02). When including cancer type, the threshold was met for both sexes with history of haematological cancer (males: iHR 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.40,P<0.001; females: iHR 1.59, 95% CI = 1.32 to 1.91,P<0.001) and for males but not females with history of solid cancers (males: iHR 1.13, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.18,P<0.001; females: iHR 1.04, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.10,P= 0.19).ConclusionDevelopers should consider including cancer history variables in future cardiovascular risk models.
4P-Medicine in Obstetrics: Perspectives and Opportunities
Authors: Гутикова Л.В. , Ганчар Е.П. 
Published: October 2022

Цель исследования. Обобщение и актуализация существующих данных о генетических и метаболомических исследованиях в акушерстве.Материалы и методы. В обзор включены данные приоритетных публикаций об исследовании генома и метаболома при акушерских осложнениях.Результаты и обсуждение. Изучение молекулярно-генетических механизмов развития акушерских осложнений максимально приблизит нас к 4П-медицине, построенной на принципах персонализированного подхода к здоровью человека и интегрирующей понятия персонализации (индивидуальный подход к каждому пациенту), предикции (создание вероятностного прогноза акушерской патологии), превентивности (профилактика акушерских осложнений), партисипативности (мотивированное участие пациента).
Purpose of the study. Generalization and updating of existing data on genetic and metabolomic research in obstetrics.Materials and methods. The review includes data from priority publications on the study of the genome and metabolome in obstetric complications.Results and discussion. The study of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of obstetric complications will bring us as close as possible to 4Р-medicine, built on the principles of a personalized approach to human health and integrating the concepts of personalization (an individual approach to each patient), prediction (creation of a probabilistic forecast of obstetric pathology), prevention (prevention of obstetric complications), participation (motivated patient participation).
Improvement of contact resistance at carbon electrode/organic semiconductor interfaces through chemical doping
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Miura Naoki , Taguchi Hiroaki , Komatsu Takeshi , Nosaka Hideyuki , Okamoto Toshihiro , Yamashita Yu , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are promising building blocks for low cost, low-environmental load, and lightweight electronic devices. Carbon-based conductors can be potentially used as TFT electrodes. However, a concern is that the carbon electrode is unsuitable for carrier injection into organic semiconductors due to the difficulty in precise work function control. Herein, we have demonstrated that molecular dopants in carbon networks can improve carrier injection with a reasonably low contact resistance of 510 Ω·cm, which constitutes a key step in the realization of noble-metal-free electronic devices.
Evaluasi Kinerja Pompa Dalam Sistem Penirisan Tambang Pit 4 PT Bara Energi Lestari, Kabupaten Nagan Raya, Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Mutia Febi , Dewi Humairah Indra Sittah , Kamal Nurul , Putri Indriani Indra Hafni 
Published: October 2022

PT. Bara Energi Lestari merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang kegiatan pertambangan batubara dengan menerapkan sistem penambangan terbuka (open pit). Tingginya curah hujan menyebabkan air limpasan yang masuk ke tambang dan mengenangi jalan tambang sehingga kondisinya menjadi licin dan dapat mengganggu kegiatan penambangan. Untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan analisis air yang masuk ke tambang dan evaluasi kinerja pompa yang digunakan. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung curah hujan rencana dan debit air total yang masuk ke sump yaitu dengan menggunakan metode distribusi Gumbel, metode Mononobe, dan metode Rasional. Pit 4 memiliki daerah tangkapan hujan seluas 1,178 km2 dan menghasilkan debit air total yang masuk ke tambang sebesar 94.209,728 m3 /hari. Terdapat 2 unit pompa yang beroperasi di Pit 4 yaitu Multiflo MF 360 dan Sykes HH 150 dengan total debit aktual pompa sebesar 9.936 m3 /hari dan keduanya belum mampu mengendalikan air limpasan yang masuk ke tambang. Solusi terhadap pengendalian air yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan kinerja pompa serta penambahan pompa. Pengoptimalan kinerja pompa dengan menaikkan kecepatan putaran mesin pompa dan penambahan 1 unit pompa dengan debit 468 m3 /jam dan bekerja selama 22 jam/hari sehingga debit air yang dipompakan menjadi 24.372 m3 /hari.
فعالية استراتيجية الدعائم التعليمية في التحصيل والحس العددي لدى طالبات الصف ‏الثالث المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات
Authors: صابر م.م. آمال حسيب 
Published: October 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي معرفة فعالية استراتيجية الدعائم التعليمية في التحصيل والحس العددي لدى طالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات، ولتحقيق الهدف اعتمدت الباحثة تصميماً تجريبياً ذا الضبط الجزئي، وهو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة اللاعشوائية ذات الاختبار البعدي، وتحدد مجتمع البحث الحالي بطالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط في المدارس المتوسطة والثانوية النهارية الحكومية في مركز محافظة تكريت للعام الدراسي (2020-2021) والبالغ عددها (25) مدرسة. اختارت الباحثة بشكل عشوائي (بالقرعة) من بينها متوسطة (ثانوية أم المؤمنين للبنات) التي تحتوي على ثلاث شعب للصف الثالث المتوسط، واختارت عشوائيا (بالقرعة) شعبة (ب) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية (28) طالبة وشعبة (أ) لتمثل المجموعة الضابطة (28) طالبة.
ولتحقيق هدف البحث أعدّت الباحثة اختبار تحصيلي من الاختبارات الموضوعية وبلغ عدد فقراته (30) فقرة (اختيار من متعدد)، منها (26) فقرة من نوع الفقرات الموضوعية (الاختيار من متعدد)، و(4) فقرات من النوع المقالي وآخر لقياس (الحس العددي) بلغ عدد فقراته (40) فقرة، وباستعمال الاختبار التائيّ لعينتين مستقلتين، أظهر البحث على وجود فرق دال إحصائياً بين درجات مجموعتي البحث في الاختبار التحصيلي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.
الضغط النفسي وعلاقته بالعزلة الاجتماعية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة ‏(الطلبة النازحين انموذجاً)‏
Authors: ‏ محمود أ.م.د. عنان غازي 
Published: October 2022

يرمي البحث الحالي الى معرفة الضغط النفسي وعلاقته بالعزلة الاجتماعية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة، كما يستهدف التعرف ان كانت هنالك فروق دالة احصائيا للمتغيرين بين الطلبة من (ذكور- اناث) ،ومدى العلاقة بين الضغط النفسي والعزلة الاجتماعية لدى هؤلاء الطلبة، ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثة بأعداد أداتين لقياس الضغط النفسي وقياس العزلة الاجتماعية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة، وقد تحققت الباحثة من الخصائص القياسية للأداتين، وبلغت عينة البحث (100) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة بواقع (50) طالباً و(50) طالبة من الطلبة النازحين في مديرية تربية الكرخ الاولى، والذين تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية، وبعد تطبيق ادوات البحث وتحليل البيانات احصائياً باستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية (الاختبار التائي، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، الفاكرونباخ)، اظهرت النتائج ان مستوى الضغط النفسي مرتفع لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة (النازحين)، و عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيا في الضغط النفسي بين طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة (النازحين ) وفق متغير الجنس (الذكور- الإناث). و عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائياً في العزلة الاجتماعية بين طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة (النازحين) وفق متغير الجنس (الذكور- الإناث). و وجود علاقة بين الضغط النفسي والعزلة الاجتماعية لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة (النازحين).