bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era. VIII. A joint NuSTAR–XMM-Newton Monitoring of the Changing-look Compton-thick AGN NGC 1358
Authors: Marchesi S. , Zhao X. , Torres-Albà N. , Ajello M. , Gaspari M. , Pizzetti A. , Buchner J. , Bertola E. , Comastri A. , Feltre A. , Gilli R. , Lanzuisi G. , Matzeu G. , Pozzi F. , Salvestrini F. , Sengupta D. , Silver R. , Tombesi F. , Traina A. , Vignali C. , Zappacosta L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the multi-epoch monitoring with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton of NGC 1358, a nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy whose properties made it a promising candidate X-ray changing-look active galactic nucleus (AGN), i.e., a source whose column density could transition from its 2017 Compton-thick (having LOS hydrogen column density N
H,LOS > 1024 cm−2) state to a Compton-thin (N
H,LOS < 1024 cm−2) one. The multi-epoch X-ray monitoring confirmed the presence of significant N
H,LOS variability over timescales of weeks to years, and allowed us to confirm the changing-look nature of NGC 1358, which has most recently been observed in a Compton-thin status. Multi-epoch monitoring with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton is demonstrated to be highly effective in simultaneously constraining three otherwise highly degenerate parameters: the torus average column density and covering factor, and the inclination angle between the torus axis and the observer. We find a tentative anticorrelation between column density and luminosity, which can be understood under the framework of chaotic cold accretion clouds driving recursive AGN feedback. The monitoring campaign of NGC 1358 has proven the efficiency of our newly developed method to select candidate N
H,LOS-variable, heavily obscured AGN, which we plan to soon extend to a larger sample to better characterize the properties of the obscuring material surrounding accreting supermassive black holes, as well as to constrain AGN feeding models.
Reconstructing the Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Using Its Stars and Globular Clusters
Authors: Limberg Guilherme , Souza Stefano O. , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Rossi Silvia , Perottoni Hélio D. , Santucci Rafael M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We combine spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric information from APOGEE data release 17 and Gaia early data release 3 to perform a self-consistent characterization of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), the remnant of the last major merger experienced by the Milky Way, considering stars and globular clusters (GCs) altogether. Our novel set of chemodynamical criteria to select genuine stars of GSE yields a metallicity distribution function with a median [Fe/H] of −1.22 and 0.23 dex dispersion. Stars from GSE present an excess of [Al/Fe] and [Mg/Mn] (also [Mg/Fe]) in comparison to surviving Milky Way dwarf satellites, which can be explained by differences in star formation efficiencies and timescales between these systems. However, stars from Sequoia, another proposed accreted halo substructure, essentially overlap the GSE footprint in all analyzed chemical-abundance spaces, but present lower metallicities. Among the probable GCs of GSE with APOGEE observations available, we find no evidence for atypical [Fe/H] spreads with the exception of ω Centauri (ωCen). Under the assumption that ωCen is a stripped nuclear star cluster, we estimate the stellar mass of its progenitor to be M
⋆ ≈ 1.3 × 109
M
⊙, well within literature expectations for GSE. This leads us to envision GSE as the best available candidate for the original host galaxy of ωCen. We also take advantage of Gaia's photometry and APOGEE metallicities as priors to determine fundamental parameters for eight high-probability (>70%) GC members of GSE via statistical isochrone fitting. Finally, the newly determined ages and APOGEE [Fe/H] values are utilized to model the age–metallicity relation of GSE.
Monitoring AGNs with Hβ Asymmetry. III. Long-term Reverberation Mapping Results of 15 Palomar–Green Quasars
Authors: Bao Dong-Wei , Brotherton Michael S. , Du Pu , McLane Jacob N. , Zastrocky T. E. , Olson Kianna A. , Fang Feng-Na , Zhai Shuo , Huang Zheng-Peng , Wang Kai , Zhao Bi-Xuan , Li Sha-Sha , Yang Sen , Chen Yong-Jie , Liu Jun-Rong , Yao Zhu-Heng , Peng Yue-Chang , Guo Wei-Jian , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Li Yan-Rong , Jiang Bo-Wei , Kasper David H. , Chick William T. , Nguyen My L. , Maithil Jaya , Kobulnicky H. A. , Dale D. A. , Hand Derek , Adelman C. , Carter Z. , Murphree A. M. , Oeur M. , Schonsberg S. , Roth T. , Winkler Hartmut , Marziani Paola , D’Onofrio Mauro , Hu Chen , Xiao Ming , Xue Suijian , Czerny Bożena , Aceituno Jesús , Ho Luis C. , Bai Jin-Ming , Wang Jian-Min ,   (MAHA Collaboration)
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this third paper of the series reporting on the reverberation mapping campaign of active galactic nuclei with asymmetric Hβ emission-line profiles, we present results for 15 Palomar–Green quasars using spectra obtained between the end of 2016–2021 May. This campaign combines long time spans with relatively high cadence. For eight objects, both the time lags obtained from the entire light curves and the measurements from individual observing seasons are provided. Reverberation mapping of nine of our targets has been attempted for the first time, while the results for six others can be compared with previous campaigns. We measure the Hβ time lags over periods of years and estimate their black hole masses. The long duration of the campaign enables us to investigate their broad-line region (BLR) geometry and kinematics for different years by using velocity-resolved lags, which demonstrate signatures of diverse BLR geometry and kinematics. The BLR geometry and kinematics of individual objects are discussed. In this sample, the BLR kinematics of Keplerian/virialized motion and inflow is more common than that of outflow.
The Prevalence of Histoplasmic Skin Test in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Afiani Dina , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Tarigan Setia Putra , Syahruddin Elisna 
Published: August 2022

Background: Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. Several studies reported cases of histoplasmosis that resembled malignancy [3]. . It is a fact that the clinical syndrome of neoplastic disease is not limited to malignancy, so that infectious diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Method: This is descriptive research with consecutive samples. The sample was the patients with lung cancer aged 25-75 years old. The researcher assessed histoplasmic skin test on interdemal administered with fungal protein [5]. After being observed for allergic reaction in 48-72 hours, induration > 5mm shows positive reaction. The Result: this research included 25 samples consisting of 21 men and 4 women. The Result showed 1 person (4%) with positive histoplasmic skin test result containing squamous cell carcinoma and radiological features of solitary pulmonary nodule. There is an insignificant relationship between cancer cell types and the histoplasmic skin test results (p = 0.24). There is an insignificant relationship between histoplamic skin test result and radiological features (p = 0.48).
The Conclusion: There is one person with positive histoplasmic skin test result with squamous cell carcinoma and radiological features of solitary pulmonary nodule.
Diversity of Collembola and occurrence of Talitroides sylvaticus in a Pinus elliottii Engelm afforestation
Authors: Schardong Igor Sulzbacher , Freiberg Joice Aline , Aloísio Sulzbacher Marcelo , Santana Natielo Almeida , Godeiro Nerivania Nunes , Kohler Andreas , Antoniolli Zaida Inês , Jacques Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti 
Published: August 2022

A 52-year-old pine forest is characterized as an environment with low plant diversity and large accumulation of allelopathic litter with poor nutrient content. Collembola is sensitive to environmental conditions and may have difficulties living in these forests. This study aimed (1) to evaluate the abundance and richness of Collembola in the soil of a 52-year-old pine afforestation with different moisture contents; and (2) to identify the landhopper sampled unintentionally. For sampling, pitfall traps were set up for four days, in areas of a Pinus elliottii afforestation with high and low soil moisture located at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Collembola specimens were counted and identified to family and genus level. The total abundance of springtails was greater in the low soil moisture area. The genera Desoria and Lepidocyrtus, and specimens of the family Onychiuridae were more abundant in low soil moisture, meanwhile, the genus Ceratophysella was more abundant in the high soil moisture. The landhopper Talitroides sylvaticus was sampled unintentionally by traps set up in the soil with higher moisture and calcium content. Six genera of Collembola and the landhopper T. sylvaticus were identified in soil of a P. elliottii afforestation and their distribution is influenced by soil moisture.
Polypoid basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Po-Chien , Dai Ying-Xiu , Chou Yu-Ju , Chang Yun-Ting , Chen Chih-Chiang , Ma Sheng-Hsiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polypoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is characterized by a stalk connecting the tumor and skin surfaces, with neoplastic cells restricted in the polypoid zone microscopically. A thorough review of polypoid BCC is still lacking. Thus, we performed this scoping review to investigate the clinical manifestations, dermoscopic features, histopathology, treatment, and prognosis of polypoid BCC. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases until December 23, 2021. Studies reporting at least one patient with polypoid BCC following the pathology and clinical criteria were included. A total of 47 studies with 54 patients with solitary polypoid BCC and 13 patients with multiple polypoid BCCs were included. Solitary polypoid BCC occurred at a relatively younger age, with an equal sex ratio. These tumors most commonly presented as red or flesh-colored pedunculated papules and were commonly distributed over nonsun-exposed areas. Most tumors were managed with excision, and recurrence or metastasis was seldom reported. Most patients with multiple polypoid BCCs had basal cell nevus syndrome and presented with generalized distributed, flesh-colored, or brown papules mimicking skin tags. Typical dermoscopic features of BCC could still be observed in these lesions, including arborizing vessels, blue-gray globules, and ovoid nests, which could aid in early diagnosis. In conclusion, polypoid BCC is a distinct variant of BCC with pedunculated morphology. Physicians should be aware of polypoid BCC and may use dermoscopy to aid in early diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of pre-operative communication using anaesthesia information sheet on pre-operative anxiety of patients undergoing elective surgery—A randomised controlled study
Authors: Kharod Utpala , Panchal Nirali N. , Varma Jagdish , Sutaria Krupa 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Pre-operative anxiety can affect psychological and physiological parameters during the intra-operative period. Pharmacological measures used to reduce pre-operative anxiety have their associated adverse effects. Pre-operative anaesthesia education is one of the non-pharmacological tools to reduce anxiety, but very limited literature is available in the Indian scenario. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-operative counselling of patients using anaesthesia information sheet on pre-operative anxiety of patients who underwent elective surgery as the primary outcome. Secondary objectives were to assess the pre-operative anxiety for surgery, correlation of demographic data with pre-operative anxiety, and the common causes responsible for pre-operative anxiety.

Methods:
Total 110 patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group-A was counselled using anaesthesia information sheet and in Group-B, conventional counselling was done during pre-anaesthesia check-up. Anxiety scores for anaesthesia and surgery were measured using visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A). VAS-A score was compared pre- and post-intervention.Effect of intervention was assessed by comparing reduction in VAS-A score in both groups with paired t-test. Data were analysed using STATA (14.2) version.

Results:
The mean reduction in VAS-A for anaesthesia was more in Group-A compared to Group-B (16.6 ± 6.9 vs. 4.4 ± 5.8; P < 0.001). The mean reduction in VAS-A for surgery was more in Group- A compared to Group- B (14.6 ± 7.8 vs. 4.8 ± 7.3; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Pre-operative counselling using anaesthesia information sheet is helpful in reducing pre-operative anxiety more efficiently. Further trials are required to assess transferability in other settings.
Profile of cleft lip and palate patients at a dental hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Carrim Fatima , Hlongwa Phumzile 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the clinical profile of patients with orofacial clefts (OFC) who presented at a dental hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. The aim of the study is to use the data collected to conduct an epidemiological survey and create an electronic database of all patients with OFC who presented to the hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, retrospective record review of all cases of OFC treated at Johannesburg Cleft clinic from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, was conducted. A structured, pretested record review form was used to obtain demographic and clinical information of patients with OFC. STATA version 15 was used to analyze the data and statistical tests were conducted at a 5% significance level.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-three records were analyzed. The majority were males (n = 68, 51.13%), while 48.87% (n = 65) were females. Most patients were South Africans 91.73% (n = 122,), and the majority were African blacks (67.67%). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in gender and racial distribution of OFC. Majority of the sample presented with clefts of the lip and palate 55.64% (n = 74,), followed by isolated CP 24.81% (n = 33), CL 17.29% (n = 23), and 2.26% (n = 3) presented with a facial cleft. Majority of the clefts were described as unilateral (n = 50, 37.59%) and 30.83% (n = 41) of the clefts were described as bilateral. Isolated cleft of the palate accounted for 24.81% (n = 33), while 4.51% (n = 6) were midline clefts. Facial clefts accounted for 2.26% (n = 3). Of all unilateral clefts (n = 50), those who presented on the left side account for 68% (n = 34), while those who presented on the right side accounted for 32% (n = 16).

Conclusions:
The dental hospital is providing services to a large number of patients with OFC. The study findings should assist in planning services for these patients.
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma - A neglected entity in the nasal cavity
Authors: Vidwans Tejas Prasad , Deshmukh Abhay Vilas , Shivkumar Vitaladevuni Balasubramanyam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is a rare subtype of hamartoma which consist of the proliferation of glandular spaces and is lined by ciliated epithelium or goblet cells. Here, we report the case of REAH in a 45-year-old male who presented with bilateral nasal blockage in the past 1 year. The bilateral polypoidal nasal mass was excised. Microscopically, the proliferation of glandular spaces lined by ciliated epithelium and goblet cells and thickened eosinophilic basement membrane was seen. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for pancytokeratin. One should always consider REAH as one of the differential diagnoses of a symptomatic polypoidal sinonasal mass.
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Saudi Physiotherapists Toward Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Alsaadi Saad M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has gained significant importance in clinical practice worldwide, including physiotherapy, but there are limited studies that have assessed the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of Saudi physiotherapists toward EBP.

Objective:
To determine the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and experience of Saudi physiotherapists in public hospitals of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia toward EBP as well as identify barriers that limit the integration of EBP in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional design included all Saudi physiotherapists working in four major tertiary hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire was used to elicit responses. The association between attitudes, awareness, and knowledge scores and the demographic data such as age group, years of experience, and level of education was assessed.

Results:
The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 171 physiotherapists, of which 118 (69%) responded. About 90% of the participants agreed or strongly agreed that EBP is necessary for clinical practice. However, about 25%, 19%, and 18% of the participants reported that EBP does not consider clinical limitations, support physiotherapy intervention, or consider patients' physiotherapy preferences, respectively. The most common barrier in the implementation of EBP in daily clinical practice was insufficient time (>50%), followed by self-efficacy in retrieving evidence from the literature and translating research findings into clinical practice. Years of experience, age, and gender were significant factors associated with physiotherapists' beliefs and attitudes toward implementing EBP.

Conclusions:
Although EBP was favored, several barriers exist that hinder its adoption by physiotherapists. Institutional support and research skill development may help accelerate EBP adoption levels and should be considered by policymakers.
Awareness and Knowledge of Postoperative Surgical Site Infections in Patients from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsahli Alaa Mohammed , Alqarzaie Abdullah Ahmed , Alasmari Ali Mohammed , AlOtaibi Mohammed M. , Aljuraisi Abdulrahman Majed , Khojah Abdulaziz Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Nadia Abdullah M. , Alaqeel Faten 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Knowledge regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) can help reduce hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality associated with SSI.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the knowledge and awareness of SSI among patients undergoing surgeries across Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This multi-center cross-sectional study included adult patients (aged >18 years) who underwent surgery at six centers located across the five regions of Saudi Arabia. A 36-item questionnaire was used to elicit data regarding demographics, patient's health status, procedures, and hospitalization history and awareness and knowledge about SSIs.

Results:
A total of 375 patients were included (equally for all five regions of Saudi Arabia). Most patients were male (55.7%) and aged 18–34 years (44%). Most respondents (49.1%) had poor awareness; being illiterate and from the Northern region were significant factors (P = 0.001). Patients with no history of surgery (P = 0.001) or SSI (P = 0.003) also had poor awareness levels. In terms of knowledge, 45.8% and 35.2% of the participants had fair and poor knowledge, respectively, with the level of knowledge being significantly associated with region (P = 0.001). Patients those aged >65 years had poor knowledge (P = 0.033), while of males had good knowledge (P = 0.02). Patients with no history of surgery had poor knowledge of SSIs (P = 0.003). Only 32.8% of the patients recalled having been educated by healthcare workers. About 42% learned of SSIs from sources outside the hospital, with internet/social media platforms accounting for 48.4% of such sources.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of the patients included in this study had poor awareness and knowledge of SSIs. The study highlights the need for strengthening the preoperative patient education in Saudi Arabia to reduce the likeliness of SSIs.
Rehabilitation of Atrophic Mandible with Ultrashort Implants Combined with Photobiomodulation Therapy
Authors: Zayed Sara Mahmoud , Noureldin Marwa Gamal 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Atrophic edentulous mandible is a challenging clinical condition. Studies assessing the use of ultrashort implants to support overdentures are scarce; the optimum photobiomodulation (PBM) dose for enhancing osseointegration is yet unknown.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare mandibular overdentures assisted by two versus four ultrashort implants with adjunctive PBM therapy using two doses.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 36 implants were placed in 12 edentulous male participants and they were randomly allocated to Group I (mandibular overdentures assisted by two ultrashort implants) or Group II (by four ultrashort implants). Fully guided implant placement was performed, and then a split-mouth design was implemented. The participants received PBM by diode laser (660 nm). Dose A (3.75 J/cm2) and Dose B (7.5 J/cm2) were applied to the right and left implant (s), respectively. Implant stability, peri-implant probing depth (PIPD), and modified gingival index (MGI) were evaluated at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after loading.

Results:
After 12 months, the implant stability values were significantly higher in Group II compared with Group I (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in between the PIPDs of both groups (Group I: 2.35 ± 0.54 mm; Group II: 1.69 ± 0.35 mm;P= 0.001). The mean MGI values were low for both groups (Group I: 0.75 ± 0.58; Group II: 0.51 ± 0.41).

Conclusions:
Mandibular overdentures supported by four ultrashort implants had a more favorable clinical outcome, while PBM doses A and B were comparable in all evaluated parameters.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03540316.
Effect of varying storage time and temperature on unspun blood samples for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in a tertiary hospital laboratory in the tropics
Authors: Ogbenna Ann A. , Oyedele Oluwafikewa A. , Adeyemo Titilope A. , Oyewole Kunmi Mathew 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Delays in the time of analysis of unspun blood samples stored at varying temperatures received in the laboratory pose a risk for unreliable prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) result; hence, consequent detrimental effect on patient care. This study's aim was thus to determine the optimal storage conditions and the potential effect of various storage times and temperatures on unspun samples for PT and APTT for a reliable test result.

Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 33 eligible apparent healthy volunteers were recruited. Eighteen milliliters (ml) of venous blood were collected into 20 ml plastic bottles containing 2 ml of 0.109 M sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Each citrated sample was separated into nine 2 ml aliquots. Baseline PT and APTT were determined with a coagulometer immediately and the remaining aliquots were analyzed after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h storage time at refrigerated (4°C) and room temperature (RT), respectively. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Paired student t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
At 24 h storage time at both RT and 4°C for PT, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000). For APTT, a statistically significant difference was observed at 12 h (P = 0.009) and 24 h (P = 0.000) at RT whereas, at 4°C, all storage time had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Unspun blood samples can be stored maximally for 12 h at RT and 4°C for PT whereas it is 6 h at RT only for APTT.