bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine <i>versus</i> aminophylline for the prevention of apnoea of prematurity in a teaching hospital in South Africa
Authors: Schellack Natalie , Gous Andries G.S. , Mawela Patience B. 
Published: November 2022

Study objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of the use of oral anhydrous caffeine and intravenous aminophylline in the neonatal population using therapeutic drug levels and clinical effects as markers for determination.Design: Prospective randomised study.Patients: Thirty-one neonates admitted (aminophylline n = 16, caffeine n = 15) with a gestational age of less than or equal to 34 weeks for prevention of apnoea of prematurity (AOP) were enrolled.Results: Oral anhydrous caffeine or intravenous aminophylline were administered using prescribed study regimens. One peak level was taken for the two drugs on day 4 of treatment 2 hours after the maintenance dose was administered. The two regimens were clinically monitored using cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and central nervous system parameters four hourly. The two groups did not differ significantly for gestational age (p = 0.782), birth weight (p = 1), gender (p = 0.722), and Apgar scores determined at 5 minutes (p = 0.068). Serum concentrations were within range (5–20 μg/ml) for both study groups. The median pulse rate (beats per minute) for two days; day 7: 160 vs. 148 (p = 0.019); day 9: 168 vs. 147 (p = 0.020) and median respiratory rate (breaths per minute) for five days; day 3: 68 vs. 61 (p = 0.039); day 4: 67 vs. 57 (p = 0.014); day 5: 64 vs. 58 (p = 0.045); day 7: 65 vs. 50 (p = 0.021); day 8: 66 vs. 56 p = 0.014) were significantly higher in the aminophylline study arm.Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that caffeine is an effective alternative for intravenous aminophylline in prevention of AOP. The oral administration of caffeine may also have an advantage in a resource-poor setting.
Etiology of granulomatous inflammation
Authors: Cay Ummühan , Alabaz Derya , Gündeşlioğlu Özlem & , Uguz Aysun Hatice , Yanar Hande 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To investigate granulomatous inflammation etiology based on clinical history and ancillary tests.

Methods:
Children aged <18 years with biopsy proven granulomatous lesions in any tissue specimens between January 2014 and January 2022 were included in the study. The diagnosis was based on the results of immunohistochemical staining, molecular tests, culture, serology, radiological and other auxiliary laboratory tests. Diagnoses were categorized into infectious and noninfectious causes.

Results:
In total, 174 patients with granulomatosis inflammation confirmed by histopathology were analyzed. Approximately 59.2% patients were males, and the median age was 4.48 (IQR 2.36-6.39) years (range: 16 months-18 years). The tissues/organs that were most commonly biopsied were lymph node, bone, skin, and lung (51.1%, 17.8%, 9.2%, and 5.7%, respectively). Infectious and non-infectious causes were identified in 73.0% and 12.6% patients, respectively, in terms of granulomatosis inflammation etiology; however, no cause was identified in 14.4% patients. The most common infectious cause was tuberculosis (in 51.7% patients), followed by toxoplasmosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, leishmaniasis, and cat-scratch disease (in 8.6%, 5.7%, 1.7%, 1.7%, and 1.1% patients, respectively). The common non-infectious cause was chronic granulomatous disease. Histopathological evaluation revealed granulomatosis inflammation in 33.3% patients, necrotizing granulomatosis inflammation in 30.5% patients, and caseating granulomatosis inflammation in 12.1% patients. When the pathology results of patients with and without tuberculosis were compared, the incidence of caseating granulomatosis inflammation (P=0.003) and necrotizing granulomatosis inflammation (P=0.005) was higher in patients with tuberculosis.

Conclusions:
Chronic granulomatous disease is the most common non-infectious cause in children. Moreover, primary or secondary immune deficiencies may cause granulomatosis inflammation, especially in pediatric patients.
How a Pandemic Changes Trauma
Authors: Dass Debashis , Ramhamadany Eamon , Govilkar Siddarth , Rhind John-Henry , Ford David , Singh Rohit , Thomas Geraint , Cool Paul 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
On June 24 in the United Kingdom, there were 277,989 cases of COVID-19 and 39,369 deaths recorded. The government enforced a complete lockdown on March 23 that resulted in cessation of all elective admissions on 24th onward, with only acute trauma cases being admitted to hospital. This study aims to characterize the changes in trauma admissions during the first 5-week lockdown period. The hypothesis states that there would be a significant reduction in overall orthopedic trauma admissions, polytrauma, and high-energy outdoor trauma during this COVID-19 period.

Methods:
All trauma admissions over nearly a 5-week period from March 23, 2020, to April 26, 2020, were collated as the “COVID cohort” and compared to the “control” group of patients from the same hospitals 1 year before between March 23, 2019, and April 26, 2019. Spinal admissions and pediatrics were excluded from the study as they were managed in other regional units.

Results:
There was a 56% reduction in trauma admissions during the COVID-19 lockdown (133 vs. 304). A majority of the COVID cohort were admitted with fractures (89 vs. 164, P = 0.017, Chi-square test) from home with low-energy falls. Overall, fewer operations were performed than the year before. However, a greater proportion of admitted patients had a surgical orthopedic intervention rather than admission and nonoperative management.

Conclusions:
There was a reduction in admissions as well as reductions in high energy and occupational injuries. Elderly patients continued to fall at home or in care, sustaining hip fractures. This vulnerable group requires beds, orthogeriatric management followed by surgical intervention and social care. Orthogeriatric services must be maintained to ensure the best clinical outcomes for this group.
The risk factors for self-monitoring of blood glucose among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsuliman Mohammed Abdulrahman , Zhang Qi , Mishoe Shelley , Durgampudi Praveen K. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Lack of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a known risk factor for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on SMBG among Saudis with T2DM.

Aim:
The study aimed to investigate personal and cognitive-perceptual factors for SMBG among Saudis with T2DM guided by Health Promotion Model.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 808 Saudi adults with T2DM utilizing secondary data from the Saudi Health Interview Survey for 2013.

Statistical Analysis:
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to examine the risk factors for SMBG among Saudis with T2DM.

Results:
The prevalence of SMBG was 55.5% in Saudi adults with T2DM. In the multivariate analysis, obesity (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.20), middle (APR = 1.30) and higher (APR = 1.49) education where predictors of SMBG, whereas shorter diabetes duration (APR = 0.78 for <5 years and 0.78 for 5–9 years) and Eastern region (APR = 0.66) were inversely associated with SMBG.

Conclusions:
The study suggested the future design of interventional programs related to self-care practices should focus on diabetic individuals with low education, obesity, and longer duration of diabetes, and regional differences, specifically when considering limited access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, longitudinal studies with a large sample size at national and regional levels are needed to further examine the personal and psychological risk factors in Saudis with T2DM.
Re/Deconstructing voices of (female) translators: The case of Bolesława Kopelówna (1897-1961)
Authors: Sobesto Joanna 
Published: November 2022

The article presents the life and work of Bolesława Kopelówna, a Polish literary translator who was especially active (and widely criticised) in the interwar years in Poland, and is now almost completely forgotten. The article attempts to answer the following questions: why was Kopelówna so intensely criticised? Why has she disappeared from the collective memory? Why was she so active in the field of translation? And, no less crucially, who was this enigmatic figure of Bolesława Kopelówna? Through an application of microhistorical tools to fragments of Kopelówna’s life and work, I will re/deconstruct her seemingly non-existing archive. Combining interdisciplinary tools from literary history, history and feminist studies, my aim is not only to bring back the voice of a silenced, overlooked, and underestimated translator, but also to encourage other researchers to attempt to fill blank spaces in translation history.
This research was founded by the mini-grant "Translation policies in interwar Poland: the case of Rocznik Literacki [The Literary Annual] 1932-1938. The methodology of the history of translation and interdisciplinary research on heritage and identity" in the Heritage PRA 2020 at Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (1st edition).
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Tumours: Early Experience in Singapore General Hospital
Authors: Zam Nor Azhari Bin Mohd , Tan Yeh Hong , Sunga Paul Anthony L , Yip Sidney KH , Cheng Christopher WS 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: To review the perioperative and short-term outcome of all laparoscopic partial nephrectomies (LPN) performed in a single institution.

Materials and Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients who underwent LPN since the beginning of the programme in March 2002 to January 2008 were enrolled. Demographic, perioperative and follow-up data were retrospectively collected. Transperitoneal approach was used in all cases, and vascular control was achieved with the use of a laparoscopic Satinsky clamp or vascular tape. The tumour was excised using cold scissors. Transected intrarenal vessels were suture ligated and the parenchymal defect was closed primarily with absorbable suture over a bolster.

Results: Thirteen patients underwent a total of 14 LPN. The median age of patients was 60 years (range, 41 to 77). The mean tumour size was 24 ± 11.4 (2SD) mm. The mean operative time was 228 ± 129 (2SD) minutes and median warm ischaemia time was 35 minutes (range, 24 to 68). Postoperatively, serum haemoglobin level decreased by a mean of 1.4 ± 2.5 (2SD) gm/dL and serum creatinine increased by a mean of 22.5 ±	25.8 (2SD) umol/L. Twelve out of 13 (92%) patients achieved their baseline serum creatinine level within 1 month postoperatively. There was 1 open conversion (7%), and 2 patients (14%) required blood transfusion perioperatively. Two patients (14%) had transient fever postoperatively due to basal atelectasis. No other complications were encountered. Median patient hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2 to 10). Eleven out of 14 (79%) of the tumours were renal cell carcinoma (RCC). At a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 6 to 53), all except 1 patient with RCC were disease-free.

Conclusions: Our experience has shown that laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a safe, feasible technique in our centre for patients with small exophytic renal tumours. Patients can be discharged early with preservation of renal function and good early cancer control.
Karakteristik Campur Kode dan Alih Kode pada Masyarakat Tutur di Pasar Tanah Jawa
Authors: Sinaga Melsi Tiolina , Sirait Jumaria , Tambunan Marlina Agkris , Gusar Martua Reynhat Sitanggang , Siregar Junifer 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik wujud campur kode dan alih kode pada masyarakat tutur antara pedagang dan pembeli sayur dan buah di pasar Tanah Jawa, Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun dan mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode dan alih kode tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif yaitu, mendeskripsikan karakteristik wujud campur kode dan wujud alih kode, serta mendeskripsikan faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode dan alih kode pada masyarakat tutur antara pedagang dan pembeli sayur dan buah di pasar Tanah Jawa, Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak, dengan menggunakan teknik dasar pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik sadap. Hasil analisis karakteristik campur kode dan alih kode pada masyarakat tutur antara pedangan buah dan pembeli di pasar Tanah Jawa, Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun (1) Karakteristik wujud campur kode adalah campur kode ke dalam (Inner code-mixing) yaitu antara bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Batak Toba dan Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Jawa (2) Faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode (a) identifikasi peranan, (b) identifikasi ragam dan, (c) keinginan untuk menjelaskan dan menafsirkan. (3) Karakteristik wujud alih kode adalah yang bersifat intern (ke dalam) yaitu antara bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Batak Toba, dan bahasa Jawa ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. (4) Faktor penyebab terjadinya alih kode yaitu penutur dan lawan tutur.
Dynamic Responses of Padma Multipurpose Bridge Truss due to Moving Train Load
Authors: Ahmed Khondaker S. , Chuan Max T. W. , Dai Jian , Keng Ang K 
Published: November 2022

Padma Multipurpose Bridge (PMB) is one of the most important projects in the history of Bangladesh due to its regional importance, economic benefit, and primary connectivity of one-third population of the country. The bridge is 6.15km long, connecting the ends of Mawa and Janjira in Bangladesh. The entire project is challenging to construct and complex in design as it contains both four-lane highways and train tracks supported by a double-deck composite warren truss. In this study, the dynamic response of the truss due to the moving train has been analyzed using the Moving Element Method (MEM). In this process, a separate finite element model has been developed using Finite Element (FE) program to convert the double deck truss into an equivalent beam. Analysis has been conducted for a series of different load cases, converging to the most realistic case where the actual train parameters are considered. Parametric studies have been carried out to determine the dynamic responses of the bridge with varying pier spacing and speed of the train. The most optimal solution has been discussed with the effect of the vibration of the train acting on the multi-purpose Padma bridge. The bridge's dynamic amplification factor (DAF) at a design speed of below 100km/hr is found 1.05. The parametric study shows that the critical train speed for the PMB is 1400km/hr resulting in the bridge resonance with a DAF of 18. It is also evident that with the increase of pier spacing the resonance of the bridge is expected to occur at a relatively lower speed.
Art and the Historical Film
Authors: McIver Gillian 
Published: November 2022

From Eugene Delacroix’s interpretation of the 1830 French revolution to Uli Edel’s version of the Baader-Meinhof Gang, artistic representations of historical subjects are appealing and pervasive. Movies often adapt imagery from art history, including paintings of historical events. Films and art shape the past for us and continue to affect our interpretation of history.
While historical films are often argued over for their adherence to "the facts," their real problem is realism: how can the past be convincingly depicted? Realism in the historical film genre is often nourished and given credibility by its use of painterly references. The book examines how art-historical images affect historical films by going beyond period detail and surface design to look at how profound ideas about history are communicated through pictures.
Art and the Historical Film: Between Realism and the Sublime is based on case studies that explore the links between art and cinema, including American independent Western Meek’s Cutoff (Kelly Reichardt, 2010), British heritage film Belle (Amma Asante, 2013), and Dutch national epic Admiral (Roel Reiné, 2014). The chapters demonstrate how, through cinematography, production design, and direction, films adapt, reference, and transpose paintings by artists such as Rubens, Albert Bierstadt, and Jacques-Louis David, creating immersive worlds that communicate distinct ideas about the past.
Outcome-Based Cooperation
Authors: Hodges Christopher 
Published: November 2022

How do we cooperate – in social, local, business, and state communities? This book proposes an Outcome-Based Cooperative Model, in which all stakeholders work together on the basis of trust and respect to achieve shared aims and outcomes.
The Outcome-Based Cooperative Model is built up from an extensive analysis of behavioural and social psychology, genetic anthropology, research into behaviour and culture in societies, organisations, regulation, and enforcement. The starting point is acceptance that humanity is facing ever larger risks, which are now systemic and even existential. To overcome the challenges, humans need to cooperate more, rather than compete, alienate, or draw apart. Answering how we do that requires basing ourselves, our institutions and systems on relationships that are built on trust. Trust is based on evidence that we can be trusted to behave well (ethically), built up over time. We should aim to agree common goals and outcomes, moderating those that conflict, produce evidence that we can be trusted, and examine our performance in achieving the right outcomes, rather than harmful ones. The implications are that we need to do more in rebasing our relationships in local groupings, business organisations, regulation and dispute resolution.
The book examines recent systems and developments in all these areas and makes proposals of profound importance for reform. This is a new blueprint for liberty, solidarity, performance and achievement.
Volume 13 in the series Civil Justice Systems
DYNAMICS OF THE STATE OF STANDS OF THE FOREST PARK NAMED AFTER FORESTERS OF RUSSIA YEKATERINBURG UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RECREATION
Authors: Морозов А.Е. , Стародубцева Н.И. , Киршбаум А.Р. , Чанотей Д. 
Published: November 2022

Проблема деградации лесных насаждений под влиянием рекреационной деятельности представляет серьезную угрозу для устойчивости, биоразнообразия и роста древостоев, эстетической ценности. Контроль состояния насаждений в условиях рекреационного воздействия позволит обеспечить устойчивое лесопользование. Объектом исследования явились лесные насаждения лесного парка им. Лесоводов России г. Екатеринбурга. В статье представлена комплексная оценка лесоводственно-таксационных характеристик, показателей санитарного состояния и ландшафтных характеристик лесных насаждений исследуемого лесного парка. Проведенные исследования показали, что состояние исследуемых лесных насаждений на территории лесного парка им. Лесоводов России в целом постепенно ухудшается. Основные причины – высокий возраст древостоев и рекреационное воздействие. Подобные исследования должны проводиться на регулярной основе, что позволит обеспечить сохранение рекреационного потенциала лесного парка и его устойчивость к антропогенным факторам. Ключевые слова: лесной парк, рекреация, лесоводственно-таксационные показатели, санитарное состояние древостоев, ландшафтно-рекреационные характеристики лесных насаждений
The problem of degradation of forest stands under the inﬂ uence of recreational activities poses a serious threat to the sustainability, biodiversity and growth of stands, aesthetic value. Monitoring the condition of plantings in conditions of recreational impact will ensure sustainable forest management. The object of the study was the forest plantations of the Forest Park named after the Foresters of Russia in Yekaterinburg. The article presents a comprehensive assessment of forestry and taxation characteristics, indicators of sanitary condition and landscape characteristics of forest plantings of the forest park under study. The conducted studies have shown that the condition of the studied forest plantations in the territory of the forest park named after Foresters of Russia as a whole is gradually deteriorating. The main reasons are the high age of stands and recreational exposure. Such studies should be conducted on a regular basis, which will ensure the preservation of the recreational potential of the forest park and its resistance to anthropogenic factors.
El Salvador frente a los desafíos del siglo XXI. Parte 1
Authors: Sancho Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

En esta primera parte de este largo artículo se puede apreciar cómo el autor percibe e interpreta el momento actual del proceso salvadoreño. Después de recordar algunos elementos históricos relevantes, el autor se centra en lo que llama el período de transición del proceso. Una transición que viene erigida por los cambios mundiales, regionales y nacionales. En el caso de El Salvador, la transición abarca desde la firma de los acuerdos de Ginebra hasta la suscripción de los compromisos finales. El estudio explica los antecedentes, los desarrollos y las perspectivas de la transición, los aportes del FMLN y la cuestión económico social de la misma. Al final, el autor expone los objetivos del FMLN durante este período. El artículo tiene siempre presente las implicaciones económicas, sociales, políticas e internacionales del proceso. Todo ello permite al lector aproximarse, de primera mano, al pensamiento actual del FMLN sobre la negociación y su futuro.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 46, No. 510, 1991: 295-318.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Produk Terhadap Keputusan Anggota Menabung pada KSPPS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Jawa Timur
Authors: Syuhada' Syuhada' , Fitria Nuzulah Ana 
Published: November 2022

Lahirnya lembaga keuangan mikro syariah di Indonesia merupakan salah satu jawaban melihat perkembangan perbankan syariah yang masih terpusat kepada masyarakat menengah ke atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan produk secara parsial dan simultan terhadap keputusan anggota menabung pada KSPPS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Jawa Timur cabang Pasar Sidoharjo Lamongan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survey. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 93. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Kemudian teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskripsi responden, uji kualitas data, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji hipotesis dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan anggota untuk menabung sedangkan kualitas produk berpengaruh terhadap keputusan anggota untuk menabung. Dan hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa, kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan anggota untuk menabung