bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid metabolism: challenges and opportunities for the therapeutic treatment of leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Liao Peiyun , Chang Ning , Xu Binyan , Qiu Yingqi , Wang Sheng , Zhou Lijuan , He Yanjie , Xie Xiaoling , Li Yuhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeukemia and lymphoma—the most common hematological malignant diseases—are often accompanied by complications such as drug resistance, refractory diseases and relapse. Amino acids (AAs) are important energy sources for malignant cells. Tumor‐mediated AA metabolism is associated with the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment, thereby assisting malignant cells to evade immune surveillance. Targeting abnormal AA metabolism in the tumor microenvironment may be an effective therapeutic approach to address the therapeutic challenges of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, we review the effects of glutamine, arginine and tryptophan metabolism on tumorigenesis and immunomodulation, and define the differences between tumor cells and immune effector cells. We also comment on treatments targeting these AA metabolism pathways in lymphoma and leukemia and discuss how these treatments have profound adverse effects on tumor cells, but leave the immune cells unaffected or mildly affected.
Immunometabolism shapes B cell fate and functions
Authors: Fu Ying , Wang Luman , Yu Baichao , Xu Damo , Chu Yiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractB lymphocyte‐mediated humoral immune response is essential for protection against infectious diseases. Deeper research in B cell biology, particularly metabolism is required for the better understanding of its properties in homeostasis and in diseases. Emerging immunometabolism, including anabolism and catabolism, has tremendously impacts on immune cells from development to function and markedly advances our view on immunoregulation. Growing evidence suggests that the ultimate effect of intracellular metabolism on immune cell functions is not only influenced by the external stimuli but also by the balance of the different metabolic pathways. However, B cell immunometabolism is not deeply investigated like T cells. The complex development and differentiation processes of B cell subsets have left many untouched, but fundamental aspects in B cell metabolism. Available evidence demonstrated that the intracellular metabolism has the ubiquitous impact on B cell fate and function decisions at the transcriptional regulation and signal transduction processes. In this review, we update the recent development in the immunometabolism of B cells with the latest findings including the immune‐metabolic steering on B cell development, differentiation, and function skewing, and emphasis on how immunometabolism landscape may shape B cell functions in metabolic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders. The metabolic interaction of B cells with other immune cells in disease context will also be discussed.
Factors influencing tooth loss in European populations
Authors: Pitchika Vinay , Jordan Rainer A. , Norderyd Ola , Rolander Bo , Welk Alexander , Völzke Henry , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing the changes in the number of teeth present and the number of healthy or filled surfaces between two time points.Materials and MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional data from population‐based studies, namely the German Oral Health Studies (DMS‐III vs. DMS‐V), the Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐START‐0 vs. SHIP‐TREND‐0), and the Jönköping study (2003 vs. 2013), were analysed. Oaxaca decomposition models were constructed for the outcomes (number of teeth, number of healthy surfaces, and number of filled surfaces).ResultsThe number of teeth increased between examinations (DMS: +2.26 [adults], +4.92 [seniors], SHIP: +1.67, Jönköping: +0.96). Improvements in education and dental awareness brought a positive change in all outcomes. An increase in powered toothbrushing and inter‐dental cleaning had a great impact in DMS (adults: +0.25 tooth, +0.78 healthy surface, +0.38 filled surface; seniors: +1.19 teeth, 5.79 healthy surfaces, +0.48 filled surface). Inter‐dental cleaning decreased by 4% between SHIP‐START‐0 and SHIP‐TREND‐0, which negatively affected the outcomes.ConclusionsFrom this study, it can be concluded that education may be the most important factor having a direct and indirect effect on the outcomes. However, for better oral health, powered toothbrushing and inter‐dental cleaning should not be neglected.
Real‐world evidence from the non‐interventional, prospective, German multicentre PERSIST study of patients with psoriasis after 1 year of treatment with guselkumab
Authors: Gerdes S. , Asadullah K. , Hoffmann M. , Korge B. , Mortazawi D. , Wegner S. , Personke Y. , Gomez M. , Sticherling M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPERSIST was a prospective, non‐interventional, long‐term, German multicentre study of patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis receiving guselkumab, an approved monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)‐23, in a real‐world setting.ObjectivesEvaluation of the efficacy and safety of guselkumab, and its effect on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis who have received 52 weeks of treatment.MethodsPatients (≥18 years old) were prescribed guselkumab as per routine clinical practice. End points assessed include Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Physician's Global Assessment (PGA), target Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).ResultsOverall, 303 patients were enrolled and treated with guselkumab. Mean disease duration was 21.0 years, and 77.2% and 51.2% of patients had received ≥1 prior conventional systemic or ≥1 prior biologic therapy, respectively. Mean PASI score decreased from 16.4 at baseline to 3.0 by Week (W) 28, and further decreased to 2.4 by W52, while the proportion of patients achieving an absolute PASI score of ≤1 increased from 1.3% at baseline, to 50.8% at W28 and to 58.4% by W52. PASI90 and PASI100 responses also showed marked improvements between W28 and W52, regardless of biologic treatment history. Clearance of psoriatic skin was observed in difficult‐to‐treat areas, with the percentage of patients achieving a PGA score ≤1 increasing between W28 and W52. Guselkumab improved HRQoL; mean DLQI score decreased from 13.7 at baseline to 2.8 by W28, and further decreased to 2.4 by W52. At W52, 64.6% of patients achieved a DLQI score ≤1. The cumulative probability of drug survival was 92.4% at W52.ConclusionsGuselkumab is efficacious and well tolerated regardless of previous biologic therapies, comorbidities or psoriasis manifestation in difficult‐to‐treat areas. No new safety signals were observed.
Gender, migration and violence among third country nationals accessing the sexual health clinic in Malta
Authors: Rossoni I. , Gauci D. , Gauci Farrugia A. , Padovese V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, the number of displaced people worldwide reached 41.3 million (IOM, 2020). Among them, are many migrants and refugees at risk of sexual and gender‐based violence (SGBV). Healthcare providers have a key role to play in identifying migrant victims/survivors of violence.ObjectivesThis paper seeks to assess STIs prevalence, sexual health and sexual violence among third country nationals (TCNs) attending the GUC in Malta.MethodsThis is a mixed methods study carried out at the Genitourinary Clinic (GUC), which is the only public sexual health clinic in Malta. Demographic data, sexual history and diagnoses of patients attending the GUC between January 2018 and December 2019 were collected and retrospectively analysed. A SGBV risk assessment was performed through a semi‐structured questionnaire.ResultsIn the 24‐month study period, a total of 12 654 patients accessed the GUC in Malta. Demographic data were collected on age, gender, nationality, marital status and sexual orientation. 16.4% (n = 2064) of these were extra‐European migrants, predominantly male. 80 different nationalities were recorded, with the 5 most common being Nigerian, Filipino, Libyan, Syrian and Brazilian. The average age was 32.6 years. Over 110 sex workers were visited at the GUC in the study period – 20 were foreign, primarily from China. The presence of a ‘massage parlour owner’ during consultation, lack of control over passports and other factors were identified as warning signs of trafficking. 5 cases of sexual violence and forced prostitution involving girls from Sub‐Saharan Africa and, in 2 cases, boys recently arrived in Malta by boat, were encountered. 6 African women accessing the service exhibited a type of female genital mutilation (FGM).ConclusionsMigration, sexual health and SGBV overlap in important ways. Further research and training in SGBV and migration in the healthcare setting and awareness‐raising about existing services among the migrant population are required.
Anchoring Validity Evidence for Automated Essay Scoring
Authors: Shermis Mark D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the challenges of discussing validity arguments for machine scoring of essays centers on the absence of a commonly held definition and theory of good writing. At best, the algorithms attempt to measure select attributes of writing and calibrate them against human ratings with the goal of accurate prediction of scores for new essays. Sometimes these attributes are based on the fundamentals of writing (e.g., fluency), but quite often they are based on locally developed rubrics that may be confounded with specific content coverage expectations. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to provide systematic evidence that machine scoring is assessing writing, but slices or correlates of writing performance.
Ochodaeus berytensis Petrovitz (Coleoptera: Ochodaeidae), a new pest of the truffle Tuber aestivum in Upper Galilee, Israel
Authors: Huchet Jean‐Bernard , Azoulay Lotem , Danay Ofer , Ezov Nirit , Perman Idan , Friedman Ariel‐Leib , Shaltiel‐Harpaz Liora 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn light of the introduction of truffle cultivation into northern Israel, previously unrecorded damage to the edible ectomycorrhizal truffle Tuber aestivum in Northern Israel is described and attributed to the scarab beetle Ochodaeus berytensis (Coleoptera: Ochodaeidae). The unique presence of adults within the truffles indicates that the life cycle of O. berytensis occurs elsewhere, very likely at the expense of another, yet unknown, hypogeal fungus. The damage to the ripe stage of fruiting bodies of the truffle are substantial and consist of borings, tunnels and galleries comparable with those perpetrated by the truffle beetle pest Leiodes cinnamomea (Panzer, 1793) (Leiodidae). Although Ochodaeidae have long been assumed to be mycophagous, it is the first recorded association of these beetles with hypogeal fungi. A distribution map of O. berytensis within the country is provided.
Structural insight into chitin perception by chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Oryza sativa
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Jizong , Xiao Yu , Han Zhifu , Chai Jijie 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTPlants have developed innate immune systems to fight against pathogenic fungi by monitoring pathogenic signals known as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and have established endo symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through recognition of mycorrhizal (Myc) factors. Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica (OsCERK1) plays a bifunctional role in mediating both chitin‐triggered immunity and symbiotic relationships with AM fungi. However, it remains unclear whether OsCERK1 can directly recognize chitin molecules. In this study, we show that OsCERK1 binds to the chitin hexamer ((NAG)6) and tetramer ((NAG)4) directly and determine the crystal structure of the OsCERK1‐(NAG)6 complex at 2 Å. The structure shows that one OsCERK1 is associated with one (NAG)6. Upon recognition, chitin hexamer binds OsCERK1 by interacting with the shallow groove on the surface of LysM2. These structural findings, complemented by mutational analyses, demonstrate that LysM2 is crucial for recognition of both (NAG)6 and (NAG)4. Altogether, these findings provide structural insights into the ability of OsCERK1 in chitin perception, which will lead to a better understanding of the role of OsCERK1 in mediating both immunity and symbiosis in rice.
Combining the use of two non‐invasive instruments to confirm that a formula can improve skin luminance while respecting constitutive melanogenesis
Authors: de Dormael Romain , Gueniche Audrey , Bastien Philippe , Verschoore Michèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionSkin radiance products achieve perceivable benefits with different sort of mechanism of action.AimsTo use two non‐invasive instrumental devices to evaluate the effectiveness of a cosmetic formula designed to improve skin reflectance while respecting skin integrity.Patients and MethodsSubjects (N = 43) aged 18–50 years old had healthy skin of phototype V–VI and Individual Typology Angle between −10° and −50°. The treatment was applied twice weekly for 4 weeks on a delineated area of the back, and an adjacent area was left untreated. Instrumental and clinical scoring assessments of treated and untreated skin were performed at baseline and Day 26.ResultsBetween baseline and Day 26, reflectance (Delta L*) increased by 1.27 points and was considered as clinically relevant. Dermatologist clinical scoring of radiance significantly improved from 2.6 to 3.6 after 4 weeks of treatment and the Skin Color Chart Clarity level significantly decreased from a score of 15.5 to 14.3, representing a skin reflectance improvement. Conversely, the change between baseline and Day 26 in Mexameter Melanin Density was not clinically different for treated skin versus untreated skin (difference of 2.54). At Day 26, changes from baseline for Mexameter Melanin Density and Delta L* parameters appeared to be uncorrelated (r = −0.036).ConclusionsThis combination of two non‐invasive devices can be useful to confirm that a product can modulate skin reflectance without modifying constitutive pigmentation. The formula tested in this study did not interfere with constitutive melanogenesis.
Real‐time assessment of individual optimal CT perfusion acquisition time in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Filice Silvano , Pavarani Antonio , Cerasti Davide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study aims to investigate the feasibility of a “real‐time” estimate of the optimal CT perfusion (CTP) acquisition time (Top) in ischemic stroke patients.MethodsThe arterial input function, the venous output function (VOF), and the time‐attenuation curves of ischemic core and ischemic penumbra of 51 patients with acute ischemic stroke in anterior circulation were obtained. The curves were analyzed to determine for each patient the Top value; additionally, several time parameters were derived from each waveform. The relationship between each of these parameters and Top was investigated.ResultsWe found a strong linear correlation between each time parameter derived from VOF curve and Top, suggesting that the VOF waveform is rescaled from patient to patient without significant change in shape.ConclusionsThe linear correlation between Top and the VOF time to peak is well suited to implement a new technique to automatically customize the patient's CTP acquisition time. The method does not require an additional dose of contrast medium and does not increase the overall study time, so its use would be desirable to decrease the average radiation dose.
Genetic diversity of Iranian populations of Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of leaf stripe disease on barley
Authors: Dokhanchi Haleh , Arzanlou Mahdi , Abed‐Ashtiani Farnaz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeaf stripe disease caused by Pyrenophora graminea is an economically significant disease of cultivated barley worldwide, including Iran. Considering economic impact of this disease on barley industry in Iran, in this study genetic diversity of P. graminea populations mainly collected from barley (229 isolates) in different regions of East Azerbaijan Province was examined using ISSR and RAPD molecular markers. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values for ISSR and RAPD were 0.28 in both markers, and a significant correlation was observed between ISSR and RAPD data (r = .78, p < .05). No clear clustering was found within P. graminea populations in relation to their geographical origins. Applying the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) procedure and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed no obvious clustering of isolates based on geographic region. Totally, gene diversity of 0.2 was noticed among P. graminea isolates. High level of genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.257; p ≤ .001), with 74% of the genetic variation occurring within populations and 26% occurring among populations, indicated the existence of population differentiation. In addition, a moderate amount of gene flow (Nm = 1.1985) was found between populations. Information obtained from this study may be beneficial to design and improve management strategies such as breeding resistant barley varieties to leaf stripe disease.
Vertebral stabilisation for thoracolumbar vertebral instability associated with cranial and caudal articular process anomalies in pugs: Seven cases (2010‐2019)
Authors: Aikawa T. , Miyazaki Y. , Kihara S. , Saitoh Y. , Nishimura M. , Stephan S. L. , Dewey C. W. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic findings, surgical technique and outcomes in seven pugs with thoracolumbar vertebral instability due to articular process anomalies.Materials and MethodsRecords (2010 to 2019) of pugs with thoracolumbar vertebral instability associated with articular process anomalies that underwent decompressive laminectomy and vertebral stabilisation were reviewed. Data on preoperative and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques and outcomes were retrieved.ResultsSeven dogs were presented with ambulatory or non‐ambulatory paraparesis. Caudal articular process anomalies (three dogs) and concomitant cranial and caudal articular process anomalies (four dogs) were noted. Myelography (six dogs) or magnetic resonance imaging (one dog) showed none to severe spinal cord compression. Dynamic myelography in six dogs demonstrated nine distinct sites of spinal cord dimension reduction positioned in extension and/or flexion (mean reduction: 16.0%, range: 8.5 to 24.0%). These dynamic compressions were located at sites with articular process anomalies (seven sites) and sites with no articular process anomalies (two sites). Vertebral instability was confirmed by intraoperative spinal manipulation in all dogs. All dogs remained ambulatory with improved (five dogs) or static (two dogs) neurological deficits at the last follow‐up (median: 16 months; range: 1.5 to 66 months).Clinical SignificanceDynamic myelography and/or intraoperative spinal manipulation demonstrated vertebral instabilities at sites with or without articular process anomalies on imaging. Decompressive laminectomy with vertebral stabilisation resulted in long‐term neurological improvement in most dogs.
The differences in the trophic structure of semi‐enclosed and open coastal communities under the influence of an alien top predator (red king crab in the Barents Sea)
Authors: Zalota Anna K. , Spiridonov Vassily A. , Antokhina Tatyana I. , Deart Yury V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe impact of the introduced red king crab (RKC), Paralithodes camtschaticus, in the Barents Sea was mostly studied through its direct predation on native species. This study uses stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen to characterize major trophic groups (including grazing sea urchins) and specifically looks at RKC's trophic position and niche partitioning with the native hermit and spider crab species. To achieve this, we sampled organisms from the food web of a small fjord‐like Zelenaya Inlet on the Murmansk coast in the southwestern Barents Sea and the open sea coast, just outside the inlet for comparison. There, macrophyte‐derived carbon is the major source of organic matter along with the phytoplankton. In general, the fucoid source of primary production was more prominent within the inlet food web compared to the nearby open coastal zone. Isotopic trophic niches calculated using SIBER analysis showed partition between the native hermit and spider crabs suggesting, some degree of trophic segregation between coevolved species. RKCs are clustered together in the center of native decapod species' niches. There were some distinct differences between the feeding habits of RKCs within the inlet and the open sea coastal waters. The subadult RKCs that are present in the inlet throughout the year have a narrower (in the area and specifically in δ15N dimension) niche than the adults from the open sea. The latter have a wider variety of food items due to their migration and may prey on food items from different trophic levels. Sea urchins are an important trophic link transferring the macrophyte carbon to RKC. However, P. camtschaticus may also directly consume plant residues. Despite generally similar calculated trophic levels of decapod species, our isotopic data and literature data on the food composition of Paralithodes camtschaticus in the Barents Sea do not indicate significant RKC's competition with, and predation on, native species of crabs.
Seasonal variation of microbiota composition in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different eco‐geographical localities in Cameroon
Authors: Sandeu Maurice Marcel , Maffo Claudine Grâce Tatsinkou , Dada Nsa , Njiokou Flobert , Hughes Grant L. , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental factors affecting the microbiota in malaria vectors may help in the development of novel vector control interventions, similar to paratransgenesis. This study evaluated seasonal and geographical variations in the microbial community of the two major malaria vectors. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected across two different eco‐geographical settings in Cameroon, during the dry and wet seasons. DNA was extracted from the whole individual mosquitoes from each group and processed for microbial analysis using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V3‐V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Data analysis was performed using QIIME2 and R software programs. A total of 1985 mosquitoes were collected and among them, 120 were selected randomly corresponding to 30 mosquitoes per season and locality. Overall, 97 bacterial taxa were detected across all mosquito samples, with 86 of these shared between dry and wet seasons in both localities and species. There were significant differences in bacterial composition between both seasons, with a clear separation observed between the dry and wet seasons (PERMANOVA comparisons of beta diversity, Pseudo‐F = 10.45; q‐value = 0.01). This study highlights the influence of seasonal variation on microbial communities and this variation's impact on mosquito biology and vectorial capacity should be further investigated.