bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between the environmental and human microbiota in the preservation of health and genesis of disease: symposium report
Authors: Ramaboli Matsepo , Nesengani Lucky , Katsidzira Leolin , Haller Dirk , Kinross James , Ocvirk Soeren , O’Keefe Stephen J.D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this symposium was to bring thought leaders in the microbiome from the west to Africa to share their unique experiences with African investigators in order to build the foundations for scientifically rigorous explorations into the African human and environmental microbiome that may explain why disease patterns are different in Africa where the chief killers are infectious diseases, whereas noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major threat to healthcare resources in the developed world.

Recent findings
The application of new high throughput technologies to the investigation of the microbiome and its metabolome has revealed mechanisms whereby a traditional African high fiber diet can suppress NCDs which include colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclosis. There is concern that with migration and westernization, NCDs are becoming more common in Africa and that food security is becoming impaired by unbalanced obesogenic foods rather than inadequate food intake.

Summary
There is an urgent need for the formation of combined African-Western research programs to identify what is good and bad in the African diet-microbiome axis to develop strategies to prevent the incidence of NCDs rising to western levels in Africa, at the same time offering novel prevention strategies against the #1 healthcare threat in the developed world.
Corrigendum Compounds Errors and Again Fails to Support the Specificity of Acupoint Tapping
Authors: Spielmans Glen I. , Rosen Gerald M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In a prior article (Spielmans, Rosen, Spence-Sing J Nerv Ment Dis 208:628–631, 2020), we demonstrated that Church, Stapleton, Yang, and Gallo's (J Nerv Ment Dis 206:783–793, 2018) meta-analytic finding that acupoint tapping had specific therapeutic benefit was highly flawed, both statistically and methodologically. Our analysis based on corrected effect sizes found no significant benefit for acupoint tapping at study endpoint. Church, Stapleton, Kip, and Gallo (J Nerv Ment Dis 208:632–635, 2020) issued a corrigendum in which they reported a new post hoc analysis using follow-up (rather than study endpoint) measures. Shifting to a post hoc outcome while pooling highly disparate follow-up endpoints is problematic; it ignored the nonsignificant result of the a priori analysis. Here, we clarify these issues and address Church, Stapleton, Kip, and Gallo's (J Nerv Ment Dis 208:632–635, 2020) often irrelevant or confusing responses to our methodological concerns. Considering this recent exchange of articles, and absent meaningful correction to the original incorrect findings, we remain concerned that emotional freedom technique proponents will continue to advance unfounded claims regarding the purported benefits of acupoint tapping.
Emergency Department Adolescent Suicidality
Authors: Sheridan David C. , Lin Amber 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Adolescent mental health is a rapidly escalating presentation to emergency departments in the United States with depression and suicidal thoughts being the most prevalent condition. Much of the research and focus has been on preventing future attempts. However, one outcome that may be very important in addition to focus on is the impact of presentations for thoughts without self-injury. The aim was to evaluate outcomes of interest for a larger prospective observational adolescent suicidal trial including frequency of suicide attempts versus thoughts and factors associated with each outcome.

Methods
This is a prospective pilot study of adolescents at a single pediatric emergency department between December 2016 and September 2017 with acute suicidality. We used descriptive statistics to compare chief complaint, medical history, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and outcomes including final disposition and total emergency department length of stay (LOS). We used t tests for continuous outcomes, χ2 test for categorical data, and Fisher exact tests for categorical and sparse data (20% of cell sizes of <5).

Results
Forty-one patients were enrolled, with 43.9% having an attempt; 72.2% of attempts were the result of an ingestion, and approximately 54% were over-the-counter medications. The average (SD) LOS was 30.8 (31.2) hours, and 63% were discharged home to outpatient services. There were no significant differences in age, chief complaint (except overdose), medical history, final disposition, total LOS in the ED, and the PHQ-9. Scores of the PHQ-9 were, on average (SD), 18.51 (4.7) across the entire cohort, 18.06 (5.75) in patients with an attempt, and 18.87 (3.77) in patients without an attempt (P = 0.59).

Conclusions
Adolescent mental health is a growing issue for pediatric emergency departments nationally. Prospective research to identify factors associated with worsening outcomes is important to identify and potentially modify if possible. This study did not find any specific factors associated with a suicide attempt, but found that less than half of patients presenting with suicidality actual made an attempt. Future research should focus on not only limiting suicide attempts but also using decreased emergency department visits for worsening thoughts as an outcome of interest.
Theory of anisotropic superfluid4He counterflow turbulence
Authors: L'vov Victor S. , Lvov Yuri V. , Nazarenko Sergey , Pomyalov Anna 
Published: January 2022

We develop a theory of strong anisotropy of the energy spectra in the thermally driven turbulent counterflow of superfluid4He. The key ingredients of the theory are the three-dimensional differential closure for the vector of the energy flux and the anisotropy of the mutual friction force. We suggest an approximate analytic solution of the resulting energy-rate equation, which is fully supported by our numerical solution. The two-dimensional energy spectrum is strongly confined in the direction of the counterflow velocity. In agreement with the experiments, the energy spectra in the direction orthogonal to the counterflow exhibit two scaling ranges: a near-classical non-universal cascade dominated range and a universal critical regime at large wavenumbers. The theory predicts the dependence of various details of the spectra and the transition to the universal critical regime on the flow parameters.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)’.
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in MS patients on disease modifying therapies
Authors: Schiavetti Irene , Cordioli Cinzia , Stromillo Maria Laura , Ferrò Maria Teresa , Laroni Alice , Cocco Eleonora , Cola Gaia , Pasquali Livia , Rilla Maria Teresa , Signoriello Elisabetta , Iodice Rosa , Sapio Alessia Di , Lanzillo Roberta , Caleri Francesca , Annovazzi Pietro , Conte Antonella , Liberatore Giuseppe , Ruscica Francesca , Docimo Renato , Bonavita Simona , Ulivelli Monica , Cavalla Paola , Patti Francesco , Ferraro Diana , Clerico Marinella , Immovilli Paolo , Filippo Massimiliano Di , Salvetti Marco , Sormani Maria Pia ,   the “Breakthrough infections in MS” study group
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) treated with anti-CD20 or fingolimod showed a reduced humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study we aimed to monitor the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in pwMS on different Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT).MethodsData on number of vaccinated patients and of patients with a breakthrough infection were retrospectively collected in 27 Italian MS centers. We estimated the rate of breakthrough infections and of infection requiring hospitalization per DMT.Findings19641 vaccinated pwMS were included in the database. After a median follow-up of 8 months, we observed 137 breakthrough infections. As compared to the other DMTs, the rate of breakthrough infections was significantly higher on ocrelizumab (0.57% vs 2.00%, RR=3.55,95%CI=2.74-4.58, p<0.001) and fingolimod (0.58% vs 1.62%, RR=2.65,95%CI=1.75-4.00, p<0.001), while there were no significant differences in any other DMT group. In the ocrelizumab group the hospitalization rate was 16.7% vs 19.4% in the pre-vaccination era (RR=0.86,p=0.74) and it was 3.9% in all the other DMT groups vs 11.9% in the pre-vaccination period (RR=0.33,p=0.02).InterpretationThe risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections is higher in patients treated with ocrelizumab and fingolimod, and the rate of severe infections was significantly reduced in all the DMTs excluding ocrelizumab.
Low back pain and telecommuting in Japan: influence of work environment quality
Authors: Matsugaki Ryutaro , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Hino Ayako , Muramatsu Keiji , Nagata Tomohisa , Ikegami Kazunori , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   the CORoNaWork Project
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between frequency of working from home and low back pain (LBP), considering the quality of work environment.MethodsThe study was based on a cross-sectional internet-based survey. Of 33,302 respondents, data from 12,774 desk workers were retained for analysis. We used a 0–10 numerical rating scale to assess LBP. Work environment was assessed using five subjective questions. Mixed-effects logistic regression nested by city level was used to analyze the relationship between frequency of working from home and LBP, stratified by work environment condition.ResultsThe prevalence of LBP was 21.0%. Among those reporting a poor work environment, as opposed to almost never working from home, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) of LBP were as follows: working from home less than 1 day per week: OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.89–1.76, p=0.190); 2-3 days per week: OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.16–2.16, p=0.004; and 4 or more days per week: OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.38–2.40, p<0.001. By contrast, among those reporting a good work environment the OR of LBP did not increase as the frequency of working from home increased.ConclusionsThe relationship between LBP and frequency of working from home was found to vary with the quality of the work environment; more specifically, LBP was associated with frequency of teleworking in a poor work environment. This study suggests that employers should give more support their employees in promoting a good work environment to prevent LBP. (Words: 240/250)
Measurement of subjective and objective indices after progressive resistance training compared with aerobic training in Patients with Haemophilia: a study protocol
Authors: Pereira Felicianus Anthony , Soomro Nabila Najam , Sulaiman Farheen 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundBleeding episodes in mild haemophilia may occur after major injuries or surgical procedures with some people not experiencing bleeding episodes. People suffering from moderate haemophilia bleed once a month, however they rarely experience spontaneous bleeding. Those suffering from severe haemophilia bleed quite often into muscles or joints, and episodes can occur once to twice a week. Bleeding usually occurs spontaneously.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of progressive resistance training on quality of life, muscular strength and joint score in patients with haemophilia.MethodologySixty patients will be enrolled in the study. Thirty patients will be allocated to control group, and thirty to intervention group. Controls will be administered active muscle stretching and aerobic exercises. Intervention group will be given active muscle stretching, and resistance training. Patients will be randomly allocated to each group. Anthropometric data will be measured pre-test to establish a baseline. Study variables include muscular strength, and quality of life. All tests will be measured pre-test and post-test to compare effects of treatment.ResultsParticipant recruitment commenced in June 2021. The post intervention phase will be completed by August 2020. Data analysis will commence after this. A write-up for publication is expected to be completed after the follow-up phase is finalized in August 2021.ConclusionsIf resistance training is found to be effective in improving quality of life and muscular strength in participants, it could reduce the frequency of factor therapy given prophylactically, or even as acute treatment, thus directing it towards more severe cases. It will also provide financial relief to organizations supporting the treatment of the hemophilic population.
Longitudinal DNA Methylation Profiling of the Rectal Mucosa Identifies Cell-specific Signatures of Disease Status, Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Venkateswaran Suresh , Somineni Hari K , Matthews Jason D. , Kilaru Varun , Hyams Jeffrey S , Denson Lee A , Kellamayer Richard , Gibson Greg , Cutler David J , Conneely Karen N , Smith Alicia K , Kugathasan Subra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn peripheral blood, DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in inflammatory bowel disease patients reflect inflammatory status rather than disease status. Here, we studied DNAm in diseased rectal mucosa from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, conducting a cell-type-specific EWAS in epithelial, immune and fibroblast cells to understand DNAm changes across disease states, course, and clinical outcomes. At diagnosis, rectal mucosa in UC exhibited a lower proportion of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and higher proportion of immune cells, along with 3504, 910, and 2279 altered DNAm sites as detected in our cell-specific EWAS, respectively. While treatment had significant effects on DNAm of immune cells, its effects on fibroblasts and epithelial cells were attenuated. Those requiring colectomy exhibited cell composition and DNAm patterns at follow-up more like disease onset than patients who did not require colectomy. Collectively DNAm and gene expression analysis suggest that targeting epithelial genes involved in barrier function may improve clinical outcomes.
Automatic Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmarking via Deep Learning
Authors: Dot Gauthier , Schouman Thomas , Chang Shaole , Rafflenbeul Frédéric , Kerbrat Adeline , Rouch Philippe , Gajny Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging by orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons to assess complex dentofacial deformities and plan orthognathic surgeries implies a critical need for 3D cephalometric analysis. Although promising methods were suggested to localize 3D landmarks automatically, concerns about robustness and generalizability restrain their clinical use. Consequently, highly trained operators remain needed to perform manual landmarking. In this retrospective diagnostic study, we aimed to train and evaluate a deep learning (DL) pipeline based on SpatialConfiguration-Net for automatic localization of 3D cephalometric landmarks on computed tomography (CT) scans. A retrospective sample of consecutive presurgical CT scans was randomly distributed between a training/validation set (n = 160) and a test set (n = 38). The reference data consisted in 33 landmarks, manually localized once by 1 operator (n = 178) or twice by 3 operators (n = 20, test set only). After inference on the test set, one CT scan showed “very low” confidence level predictions; we excluded it from the overall analysis but still assessed and discussed the corresponding results. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the predictions with the reference data; the outcome set included localization accuracy, cephalometric measurements and comparison to manual landmarking reproducibility. On the hold-out test set, the mean localization error was 1.0 ± 1.3mm, while success detection rates for 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0mm were 90.4%, 93.6% and 95.4%, respectively. Mean errors were −0.3 ± 1.3° and −0.1 ± 0.7mm for angular and linear measurements, respectively. When compared to manual reproducibility, the measurements were within the Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement for 91.9% and 71.8% of skeletal and dentoalveolar variables, respectively. To conclude, while our DL method still requires improvement, it provided highly accurate 3D landmark localization on a challenging test set, with a reliability for skeletal evaluation on par with what clinicians obtain.
A systematic analysis of splicing variants identifies new diagnoses in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Blakes Alexander J.M. , Wai Htoo , Davies Ian , Moledian Hassan E. , Ruiz April , Thomas Tessy , Bunyan David , Thomas N Simon , Burren Christine P. , Greenhalgh Lynn , Lees Melissa , Pichini Amanda , Smithson Sarah F. , Tavares Ana Lisa Taylor , O’Donovan Peter , Douglas Andrew G.L. ,   Genomics England Research Consortium,   Splicing and Disease Working Group, Whiffin Nicola , Baralle Diana , Lord Jenny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenomic variants which disrupt splicing are a major cause of rare genetic disease. However, variants which lie outside of the canonical splice sites are difficult to interpret clinically. Here, we examine the landscape of splicing variants in whole-genome sequencing data from 38,688 individuals in the 100,000 Genomes Project, and assess the contribution of non-canonical splicing variants to rare genetic diseases. We show that splicing branchpoints are highly constrained by purifying selection, and harbour damaging non-coding variants which are amenable to systematic analysis in sequencing data. From 258 de novo splicing variants in known rare disease genes, we identify 35 new likely diagnoses in probands with an unsolved rare disease. We use phenotype matching and RNA studies to confirm a new diagnosis for six individuals to date. In summary, we demonstrate the clinical value of examining non-canonical splicing variants in participants with unsolved rare diseases.
User acceptability of saliva and gargle samples for identifying COVID-19 positive high-risk workers
Authors: McLennan Kirsty , Barton Ellen , Lang Christie , Adams Ian R. , McAllister Gina , Reijns Martin A. M. , Templeton Kate , Johannessen Ingólfur , Leckie Alastair , Gilbert Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic nasopharyngeal or nose/throat swabs (NTS) have been the primary approach for collecting patient samples for the subsequent detection of viral RNA. However, this procedure, if undertaken correctly, can be unpleasant and therefore deters individuals from providing high quality samples. To overcome these limitations other modes of sample collection have been explored. In a cohort of frontline healthcare workers we have compared saliva and gargle samples to gold-standard NTS. 93% of individuals preferred providing saliva or gargle samples, with little sex-dependent variation. Viral titres collected in samples were analysed using standard methods and showed that gargle and saliva were similarly comparable for identifying COVID-19 positive individuals compared to NTS (92% sensitivity; 98% specificity). We suggest that gargle and saliva collection are viable alternatives to NTS swabs and may encourage testing to provide better disease diagnosis and population surveillance.
Socio-demographic characteristics and their relation to medical service consumption among elderly in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019
Authors: Shaked Ohad , Korn Liat , Shapira Yair , Zigdon Avi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to the isolation of the population in Israel, including the elderly, some of whom are chronically ill. The present study examines the consumption of medical services among adults over the age of 65 in Israel at the time of the first COVID-19 lockdown relative to the corresponding period the year before, according to various socio-demographic variables: gender, age, marital status, ethnicity, degree of religiosity and socioeconomic status.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal observational quantitative research based on the “Natali Healthcare Solutions Israel” database of subscribers. Company subscribers over the age of 65 (N=103,955) were included in the sample (64.5% women) in two time periods, before the COVID-19 outbreak-P1, in 2019, and during the first COVID-19 lockdown-P2 in 2020. Medical needs included referrals to a medical or emergency services, ordering an ambulance, physician home visits and service refusal.ResultsThe average number of referrals to services was lower during the COVID-19 lockdown period (M=0.3658, SD=0.781) compared to the corresponding period the previous year (M=0.5402, SD=0.935). At the time of the COVID-19 lockdown, the average number of referrals to medical services was lower, but the average number of ambulance orders, physician visits and service refusals was higher compared to the same period in the previous year. During both time periods, women (P1-M=0.5631, SD=0.951; P2-M=0.3846, SD=0.800) required significantly more (p<.000) services than men (P1-M=0.5114, SD=0.910; P2-M=0.3417, SD=0.753). In both time periods, subscribers who were older, widowed, living in non-Jewish/mixed localities or in average or below average socioeconomic status localities required more services relative to younger, married people living in Jewish localities, or in above-average socioeconomic localities (p<.000).Summary and ConclusionsIn a large sample of elderly in Israel, findings indicate a decrease in referrals to medical care during the first COVID-19 lockdown period, yet an increase in ambulance orders, physician visits and service refusals. There were no significant differences between the periods according to different socio-demographic characteristics. The period of the first COVID-19 lockdown was characterized by a higher incidence of medical service refusals compared to routine times. The incidence of requiring medical service at the time of the first COVID-19 lockdown was 2.5 times higher among those who required services during the previous year, 1.7 times higher among unmarried seniors, and 1.4 times higher among the older age group of 85 and over in comparison to the younger seniors.
Dynamics of antibody responses, cellular immunity, and breakthrough infections among Japanese healthcare workers during the 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Uwamino Yoshifumi , Kurafuji Toshinobu , Takato Kumiko , Sakai Akiko , Tanabe Akiko , Noguchi Masayo , Yatabe Yoko , Arai Tomoko , Ohno Akemi , Tomita Yukari , Shibata Ayako , Yokota Hiromitsu , Yamasawa Wakako , Namkoong Ho , Sato Yasunori , Hasegawa Naoki , Wakui Masatoshi , Murata Mitsuru ,   the Keio Donner Project Team
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe waning of the antibody titre after the first two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was reported. However, knowledge of the dynamics of cellular immunity is scarce. Here, we performed a prospective cohort study to disclose antibody and cellular immunity dynamics and discuss the relationship between immunity and breakthrough infection.MethodsThe study had a prospective cohort design. Antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 in serially collected serum samples of 608 Japanese vaccinees after 6 months of vaccination were measured. Simultaneously, T-cell immunity dynamics were assessed using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay. Additionally, participants with suspected breakthrough infection were detected according to the positive conversion of the IgG assay for nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAntibody titres were elevated 3 weeks after vaccination and waned over the remainder of the study period. The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay performed on 536 participants demonstrated the similar dynamics. Six participants without predisposing medical conditions demonstrated positive conversion of the IgG assay for nucleocapsid proteins, while five were asymptomatic.ConclusionWaning of humoral and cellular immunity within 6 months of administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine among Japanese healthcare professionals and the occurrence of asymptomatic breakthrough infection was suspected in approximately 1 of 100 vaccinees.(UMIN000043340)