bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of PSA Response to Generic Versus Innovator (Zytiga) Formulations of Abiraterone in Metastatic CRPC: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kumar Sharath , Joshi Amit , Takke Apurva , Varghese Diana , Pathak Shruti , Noronha Vanita , Prabhash Kumar , Gota Vikram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction Abiraterone acetate has been shown to enhance overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Presently, multiple generic brands of abiraterone are accessible in India. Nevertheless, evidence supporting the clinical equivalence of these generics when compared to the innovator has not been established, and thus, questions regarding their quality persist.
Objectives This retrospective analysis aimed to compare the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients receiving generic or innovator (Zytiga) abiraterone for mCRPC.
Materials and Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, comparative study. All relevant data from selected cases were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record (EMR). Patients with mCRPC, treated with either innovator or generic abiraterone from 2010 to 2019 and followed up until disease progression/death, were included. Patients who switched between generic and reference brands and vice versa were excluded. Patients in both arms were matched for prior treatment with docetaxel (yes/no), age at cancer diagnosis (>60, ≤60 years), and total Gleason's score (≥8, <8), in a ratio of 1:5. The primary outcome was to assess the difference in PSA nadir between the two study groups. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.21 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2.
Results Out of the 114 patients enrolled, 10 patients received Zytiga (innovator), and the remaining received generic abiraterone. No statistically significant difference was observed in the median PSA nadir between the generic and innovator arms: 20.5 versus 88.5 ng/mL (p = 0.293). Patients in the generic group exhibited a similar median rPFS compared to the innovator group: 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.68–11.31 months) versus 9.0 months (95% CI: 0–18.6 months), respectively (p = 0.539). The median time to PSA nadir was similar (3 months) between the two groups. The proportion of patients showing a PSA response at day 90 did not significantly differ between the two groups, with p = 0.38. The number of adverse events of any grade was comparable between the study groups, although grade 3/4 events were numerically higher in the generic group.
Conclusion Generic abiraterone demonstrates a clinical response similar to that of Zytiga. Our findings strongly support the use of generic abiraterone in patients with mCRPC. The potential economic benefits of this substitution are substantial.
Clinical and Pathological Spectrum of Hepatoblastoma with Emphasis on Treatment-Induced Changes: Experience from Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Ail Divya Achutha , Eapen Malini , Keechilat Pavithran , Surendran Sudheendran , Viswanath Naveen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric liver tumor. Advances in imaging/surgical techniques and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in recent times have resulted in improved survival of children with hepatoblastoma. Yet it has dismal prognosis in some children. Unlike other pediatric malignant tumors, pathological tumor regression grading in hepatoblastoma following NACT is not in routine practice. Assessing tumor-induced maturation and delineating it from non-neoplastic liver at resection margin are often challenging in this setting.
Objective We aim to describe the clinicopathological spectrum of hepatoblastoma encountered in our center with emphasis on exploring the role of grading the therapy-induced changes by correlating with existing prognostic factors and patient survival.
Materials and Methods All cases of hepatoblastoma having undergone resection after NACT over 9 years were included. Pathology slides (hematoxylin and eosin/immunohistochemistry) were reviewed. Therapy-related changes were scored and compared with pretreatment extent (PRETEXT)/posttreatment extent (POSTTEXT) staging, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and patient survival.
Results A total of 15 children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma were included in the study. The median age of diagnosis was 10 months. PRETEXT III was the commonest stage and fetal variant was the commonest histological subtype. Fibrosis, necrosis, maturation, calcification, and ductular reaction were the therapy-induced changes encountered in 93, 80, 60, 53 and 33% cases, respectively. Higher percentage of therapy-induced changes was associated with good prognosis and better survival. Glypican-3 positivity delineated tumor-induced maturation from the non-neoplastic liver.
Conclusion This study describes the spectrum of hepatoblastoma at a single center and emphasizes that grading therapy-induced changes may have a significant role in patient prognosis and guide further treatment interventions for effective management of patients. Glypican-3 eases microscopic assessment of resection margins in the presence of therapy-induced maturation.
“Fascialage”: A Refined Technique of Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kesari Prashantha , Halageri Sameer , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction The primary aim of this paper is to describe an original technique for dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty. The use of a carved block of costal cartilage or layers of septal cartilage is a well-known technique for dorsal augmentation. However, this is accompanied by the risks of cartilage warping and a hard, unnatural feel to the dorsum. On the other hand, the use of diced cartilage wrapped in the fascia, which has been another popular technique in the last decade, often does not give the structural stability of a solid cartilage. “Fascialage,” as innovated by the authors, is a combined construct that incorporates all the advantages of these techniques eliminates the disadvantages of the previous techniques.
Materials and Methods Our technique involves the creation of a construct with three components and three parts. Radix augmentation is done with the cranial part, which consists of mostly rolled-up fascia; augmentation of the mid-dorsum is done with the central part, which has a solid cartilage platform, an overlay of diced cartilage with both being wrapped in the fascia, while the lower dorsum and supra-tip area also have all the same three components but with less diced cartilage. We can plan and alter the composition and dimensions as required for the individual case.
Results As a result of this, we believe that “fascialage” has the advantages of the other two techniques and consistent long-term results.
Conclusion This technique was used in 55 rhinoplasties needing considerable dorsal augmentation in which a postoperative follow-up of 2 to 5 years revealed that this technique yields reliable and sustainable results.
Development of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Post Dual Anti-HER2 Blockade with Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in a Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Maheshwari Udip , Morzaria Disha , Maniar Vashishth , Dave Ritu , Shaikh Nikhat , Jankharia Bhavin , Ganesan Karthik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTargeted therapies like trastuzumab and pertuzumab have substantially improved outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer with rare reports of significant adverse events. One such rarely reported adverse event is focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), an uncommon hepatic condition, typically benign and asymptomatic, but its development following dual anti-HER2 therapy is not commonly documented. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with HER2-positive breast cancer highlighting the unusual development of FNH following dual anti-HER2 therapy. Routine follow-up imaging posttreatment revealed the development of hepatic nodules. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of FNH, with no radiologic evidence of malignancy or metastatic disease. The patient remained asymptomatic, and following hepatology consultation, continuation of treatment was recommended with regular imaging follow-up to monitor hepatic lesions. Although it is benign and asymptomatic, FNH warrants careful monitoring in patients on prolonged targeted therapy. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between HER2-targeted therapies and hepatic alterations, which could inform evidence-based strategies for monitoring and management in clinical practice.
The Role of Psychologists in Treating Pelvic Pain Conditions
Authors: Gernand Anna K. , Allen Darrielle L. , Lupe Stephen E. , Simons Madison L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPatients with pelvic floor disorders may experience a wide range of symptoms affecting one or more compartments of the pelvic floor (anterior/urinary, apical/reproductive, and posterior/gastrointestinal). Disorders affecting the pelvic organs (e.g., endometriosis, IBS), nerves, and supportive musculature (e.g., pelvic floor dysfunction, muscle trauma) often co-occur. As a result, individuals with one or more of these conditions may fluctuate between or simultaneously experience symptoms such as pelvic pain, urinary frequency/urgency/incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and gastrointestinal problems. This multifaceted range of symptoms results in the need for interdisciplinary team-based approaches to tailor treatment. Given the negative impact pelvic floor symptoms can have on quality of life and mental health which in turn can “turn up the dial” on the severity of symptoms, psychologists play an integral role in optimizing care for the whole patient. The rationale for and role of the psychologist in treating gastrointestinal and urogynecological symptoms will therefore initially be discussed according to symptom cluster after which the scope for a transdiagnostic treatment approach will be explored.
Outcome Determinant of Patients Following Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Sharma Gopal R. , Karki Prasanna , Joshi Sumit , Shah Damber Bikram , Paudel Prakash , Pokharel Baburam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective Numerous factors can influence patient outcomes following microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Some unique factors, such as aneurysm surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, also play a role. This study aims to evaluate outcomes in patients with ruptured IAs undergoing microsurgical clipping and identify predictors for both immediate and long-term prognosis.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study with prospectively collected data of 500 patients with ruptured aneurysms undergoing microsurgical clipping over a period of 10 years (April 2011–November 2022). The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 10 years, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Data were analyzed using STATA version 3.10. Logistic regression was used to calculate p-values, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results Among 500 patients treated for ruptured IAs, 169 were males and 331 were females, with a median age of 53 years. Postoperative vasospasm was a major predictor of worse outcomes at discharge (p < 0.001), 6 months (p < 0.001), 1 year (p < 0.001), 5 years (p = 0.014), and 10 years (p = 0.006). Patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic had worse outcomes at 6 months (p < 0.001) and 1 year (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Postoperative vasospasm, intraoperative rupture, and the COVID-19 pandemic were the most important predictors of worse outcomes. Factors such as age, hospital type, Miller Fisher grade, alcohol abuse, diabetes, aneurysm multiplicity, aneurysm size, neck size, ethnicity, hydrocephalus, brain retraction, and lamina terminalis fenestration did not significantly influence the outcomes.
9.11.5 Selenophenes (Update 2024)
Authors: Harris P. A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMethods for the synthesis of selenophenes are reviewed in this chapter, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. This is a supplement to both the original Science of Synthesis review (Section 9.11) that covered the literature up to 2000, and the subsequent update covering from 2001 to 2010 (Section 9.11.4). Syntheses of selenophenes via cyclizations, ring transformations, and substituent modifications are covered.
20.5.10.2 C(sp3)—H Functionalization of the Side Chain of α-Amino Esters
Authors: Chowdhury S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSide-chain functionalization of α-amino esters is always of interest to synthetic organic chemists because the end products are the corresponding non-natural/nonproteinogenic amino acid esters, which are useful in peptidomimetics and protein modifications. They are also used as precursors in the synthesis of various natural products, bioactive compounds, therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, etc. Several attractive approaches for asymmetric modification of the side chain of α-amino esters have been developed. In this context, the high natural abundance of chiral amino acids and their chirality has been exploited to achieve functionalization in an enantio- and diastereoselective manner following a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) or Pd(0)/Pd(II) route. Where necessary, external ligands have been used. In many cases, especially for Pd(II)/Pd(IV) pathways, the regiospecificity of the functionalization has been achieved through the use of suitable directing groups. In this review, synthetic methods for C(sp3)-H functionalization of the side chain of α-amino esters developed so far are systematically and concisely discussed.
Fighting Newtonian noise with gradient-based optimization at the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Schillings Patrick , Erdmann Johannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Newtonian noise in gravitational wave detectors originates from density fluctuations in the vicinity of the interferometer mirrors.&#xD;At the Einstein Telescope, this noise source is expected to be dominant for low frequencies. Its impact is proposed to be reduced with the help of an array of seismometers that will be placed around the interferometer endpoints.&#xD;We reformulate and implement the problem of finding the optimal seismometer positions in a differentiable way. We then explore the use of first-order gradient-based optimization for the design of the seismometer array for 1 Hz and 10 Hz and compare its performance and computational cost to two metaheuristic algorithms. For 1 Hz, we introduce a constraint term to prevent unphysical optimization results in the gradient-based method.&#xD;In general, we find that it is an efficient strategy to initialize the gradient-based optimizer with a fast metaheuristic algorithm. For a small number of seismometers, this strategy results in approximately the same noise reduction as with the metaheuristics. For larger numbers of seismometers, gradient-based optimization outperforms the two metaheuristics by a factor of 2.25 for the faster of the two and a factor of 1.4 for the other one, which is significantly outperformed by gradient-based optimization in terms of computational efficiency.
The twisting index in semitoric systems
Authors: Alonso Jaume , Hohloch Sonja , Palmer Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Semitoric integrable systems were symplectically classified by Pelayo and Vũ Ngọc in 2009–2011 in terms of five invariants. Four of these invariants were already well-understood prior to the classification, but the fifth invariant, the so-called twisting index invariant, came as a surprise. Intuitively, the twisting index encodes how the structure in a neighborhood of a focus–focus fiber compares to the large-scale structure of the semitoric system and it was originally defined by comparing certain momentum maps. In the first half of the present paper, we produce several new formulations of the twisting index which give rise to dynamical, geometric, and topological interpretations. More specifically, we describe it in terms of differences of action variables, Taylor series, and homology cycles. In the second half of the paper, we compute the twisting index invariant of a specific family of systems with two focus–focus singular points (the so-called generalized coupled angular momenta), which is the first time that the twisting index has been computed for a system with more than one focus–focus point. Moreover, we also compute the terms of the Taylor series invariant up to second order. Since the other invariants of this family were already computed, this becomes the third family of semitoric systems for which all invariants are known, after the coupled spin oscillators and the coupled angular momenta.
Validation of patient-specific deep learning markerless lung tumor tracking aided by 4DCBCT
Authors: Huang Lili , Thummerer Adrian , Papadopoulou Christianna Iris , Corradini Stefanie , Belka Claus , Riboldi Marco , Kurz Christopher , Landry Guillaume 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Abstract. Objective. Tracking tumors with multi-leaf collimators and X-ray imaging can be a cost-effective motion management method to reduce internal target volume margins for lung cancer patients, sparing normal tissues while ensuring target coverage. To realize that, accurate tumor localization on X-ray images is essential. We aimed to develop a systematic method for automatically generating tumor segmentation ground truth (GT) on CBCT projections and use it to help refine and validate our patient-specific AI-based tumor localization model. Approach. To obtain the tumor segmentation GT on CBCT projections, we propose a 4DCBCT-aided GT generation pipeline consisting of three steps: breathing phase extraction and 10-phase 4DCBCT reconstruction, manual segmentation on phase 50%, deformable contour propagation to other phases, and forward projection of the 3D segmentation to the CBCT projection of the corresponding phase. We then used the CBCT projections from one fraction in the angular range of [−10°, 10°] and [80°, 100°] to refine a Retina U-Net baseline model, which was pretrained on 1140231 digitally reconstructed radiographs generated from a public lung dataset for automatic tumor delineation on projections, and used later-fraction CBCT projections in the same angular range for testing. Six LMU University Hospital patient CBCT projection sets were reserved for validation and 11 for testing. Tracking accuracy was evaluated as the center-of-mass (COM) error and the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the predicted and ground-truth segmentations. Main results. Over the 11 testing patients, each with around 40 CBCT projections tested, the patient-refined models had a mean COM error of 2.3±0.9mm / 4.2±1.7mm and a mean DSC of 0.83±0.06 / 0.72±0.13 for angles within [−10°, 10°] / [80°, 100°]. The mean inference time was 68 ms/frame. The patient-specific training segmentation loss was found to be correlated to the segmentation performance at [−10°, 10°]. Significance. Our proposed approach allows patient-specific real-time markerless lung tumor tracking, which could be validated thanks to the novel 4DCBCT-aided GT generation approach.
Four Total Eclipsing Contact Binary Systems: The First Photometric Light Curve Solutions Employing TESS and Gaia Surveys
Authors: Poro Atila , Aliakbari Razieh , Azarara Hossein , Ababafi Asma , Nasirian Sadegh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We presented the first photometric light curve solutions of four W Ursae Majoris (W UMa)-type contact binary systems. This investigation utilized photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). We used the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs (PHOEBE) Python code and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for these light curve solutions. Only TIC 249064185 among the target systems needed a cold starspot to be included in the analysis. Based on the estimated mass ratios for these total eclipse systems, three of them are categorized as low mass ratio contact binary stars. The absolute parameters of the systems were estimated using the Gaia DR3 parallax method and the orbital period and semi-major axis ($P-a$) empirical relationship. We defined that TIC 318015356 and TIC 55522736 systems are A-subtypes, while TIC 249064185 and TIC 397984843 are W-subtypes, depending on each component's effective temperature and mass. We estimated the initial masses of the stars, the mass lost by the binary system, and the systems' ages. We displayed star positions in the mass-radius, mass-luminosity, and total mass-orbital angular momentum diagrams. In addition, our findings indicate a good agreement with the mass-temperature empirical parameter relationship for the primary stars.
Precision non-invasive brain stimulation: an in silico pipeline for personalized control of brain dynamics
Authors: Karimi Fariba , Steiner Melanie , Newton Taylor , Lloyd Bryn Alexander A. , Cassarà Antonino M , de Fontenay Paul , Farcito Silvia , Triebkorn Jan Paul , Beanato Elena , Wang Huifang , Iavarone Elisabetta , Hummel Friedhelm C , Kuster Niels , Jirsa Viktor , Neufeld Esra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offers therapeutic benefits for various brain disorders. Personalization may enhance these benefits by optimizing stimulation parameters for individual subjects. Approach: We present a computational pipeline for simulating and assessing the effects of NIBS using personalized, large-scale brain network activity models. Using structural MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging data, the pipeline leverages a convolutional neural network-based segmentation algorithm to generate subject-specific head models with up to 40 tissue types and personalized dielectric properties. We integrate electromagnetic simulations of NIBS exposure with whole-brain network models to predict NIBS-dependent perturbations in brain dynamics, simulate the resulting EEG traces, and quantify metrics of brain dynamics. Main results: The pipeline is implemented on o2S2PARC, an open, cloud-based infrastructure designed for collaborative and reproducible computational life science. Furthermore, a dedicated planning tool provides guidance for optimizing electrode placements for transcranial temporal interference stimulation. In two proof-of-concept applications, we demonstrate that: (i) transcranial alternating current stimulation produces expected shifts in the EEG spectral response, and (ii) simulated baseline network activity exhibits physiologically plausible fluctuations in inter-hemispheric synchronization. Significance: This pipeline facilitates a shift from exposure-based to response-driven optimization of NIBS, supporting new stimulation paradigms that steer brain dynamics towards desired activity patterns in a controlled manner.
A comparative EEG analysis of classifying short sleep phases and waking states using support vector machine and random forest
Authors: Xuan Nhi Yen Phan , Pham Bao Minh , Quoc Khai Le 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple studies suggest that the various stages of sleep affect the effectiveness of taking a nap. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to develop a model that may be used to classify the first and second stages of short sleep or the awake state. We employ sleep recordings obtained from the open-access dataset. To enhance the quality of recorded EEG signals, we implement a Notch Filter to reduce power line noise and a 0.5–70 Hz bandpass (Butterworth) filter to isolate the pertinent EEG signals. Two classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF), are used to assess and compare the performance of classification. In addition, the mRmR (minimal Redundancy Maximum Relevance) feature selection approach is employed to improve the model efficiency. The outcomes of our study reveal that both classifiers for each subject have an accuracy rate approaching 80%, differentiating between wakefulness and phases 1 and 2 of short sleep. This study emphasizes the efficacy of these strategies in offering essential instruments for comprehending and enhancing nap efficiency.