bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of mass-gap black holes from neutron star X-ray binaries with super-Eddington accretion
Authors: Gao Shi-Jie , Li Xiang-Dong , Shao Yong 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations indicate that there is dearth of compact objects with mass ∼2.5–5 M⊙. This so-called ‘mass gap’ may be linked to the supernova explosion mechanisms that produce neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). However, the existence of a few mass-gap compact objects, some of which have been confirmed to be BHs, poses a challenge to the traditional theory of black hole formation. In this work, we investigate the possible formation channel of BHs from accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of NSs in X-ray binaries. In particular, we consider the influence of super-Eddington accretion of NSs. Recent observations of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars suggest that their apparent luminosities may reflect the true accretion luminosities of the accreting NSs, even exceeding the Eddington limit by a factor of ≳100. Thus, NSs accreting at a super-Eddington accretion rate may rapidly grow into BHs in intermediate/low-mass X-ray binaries. Based on the super-Eddington accretion disc models, we have investigated the evolution of NSs in intermediate/low-mass X-ray binaries by combining binary population synthesis and detailed stellar evolutionary calculations. We show that super-Eddington accretion plays a critical role in mass growth of NSs, and the final masses of the descendant BHs are heavily dependent on the NS magnetic fields, the metallicity of the donor star, and the bifurcation period of the binaries. AIC of NSs may account for some of the observed mass-gap BHs like GRO J0422+32. We also present the parameter distributions of the potential mass-gap BHs in a Milky Way-like galaxy, and point out that future space-based gravitational wave observations may provide important test of or constraints on the formation of mass-gap BHs from the AIC channel.
Catalytically active atomically thin cuprate with periodic Cu single sites
Authors: Yang Huimin , Xi Shibo , Guo Na , Wang Mu , Liu Lingmei , Lyu Pin , Yu Xiaolong , Li Jing , Xu Haomin , Hai Xiao , Li Zejun , Li Xinzhe , Sun Tao , Zhao Xiaoxu , Han Yu , Yu Wei , Wu Jie , Zhang Chun , Fei Honghan , Koh Ming Joo , Lu Jiong 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTRational design and synthesis of catalytically active two-dimensional (2D) materials with an abundance of atomically precise active sites in their basal planes remains a great challenge. Here, we report a ligand exchange strategy to exfoliate bulk [Cu4(OH)6][O3S(CH2)4SO3] cuprate crystals into atomically thin 2D cuprate layers ([Cu2(OH)3]+). The basal plane of 2D cuprate layers contains periodic arrays of accessible unsaturated Cu(II) single sites (2D-CuSSs), which are found to promote efficient oxidative Chan-Lam coupling. Our mechanistic studies reveal that the reactions proceed via coordinatively unsaturated CuO4(II) single sites with the formation of Cu(I) species in the rate-limiting step, as corroborated by both operando experimental and theoretical studies. The robust stability of 2D-CuSSs in both batch and continuous flow reactions, coupled with their recyclability and good performance in complex molecule derivatization, render 2D-CuSSs attractive catalyst candidates for broad utility in fine chemical synthesis.
A Phakopsora pachyrhizi Effector Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Soybean Glucan Endo-1,3-β-Glucosidase to Promote Virulence
Authors: Bueno Thays V. , Fontes Patrícia P. , Abe Valeria Y. , Utiyama Alice Satiko , Senra Renato L. , Oliveira Liliane S. , Brombini dos Santos Adriana , Ferreira Everton G. Capote , Darben Luana M. , de Oliveira Aluízio Borém , Abdelnoor Ricardo V. , Whitham Steven A. , Fietto Luciano G. , Marcelino-Guimarães Francismar C. 
Published: May 2022

Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important diseases affecting soybean production in tropical areas. During infection, P. pachyrhizi secretes proteins from haustoria that are transferred into plant cells to promote virulence. To date, only one candidate P. pachyrhizi effector protein has been characterized in detail to understand the mechanism by which it suppresses plant defenses to enhance infection. Here, we aimed to extend understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of P. pachyrhizi based on the discovery of host proteins that interact with the effector candidate Phapa-7431740. We demonstrated that Phapa-7431740 suppresses pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and that it interacts with a soybean glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase (GmβGLU), a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein belonging to the PR-2 family. Structural and phylogenetic characterization of the PR-2 protein family predicted in the soybean genome and comparison to PR-2 family members in Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton, demonstrated that GmβGLU is a type IV β-1,3-glucanase. Transcriptional profiling during an infection time course showed that the GmβGLU mRNA is highly induced during the initial hours after infection, coinciding with peak of expression of Phapa-7431740. The effector was able to interfere with the activity of GmβGLU in vitro, with a dose-dependent inhibition. Our results suggest that Phapa-7431740 may suppress PTI by interfering with glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase activity. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
Nursing the Patient With an Artificial Pacemaker
Authors: Todd Betsy 
Published: May 2022

Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times.
In this article from AJN's April 1964 issue, author Anne F. Heller discusses the science of “transistorized” artificial cardiac pacemakers and the care of patients who received these implants. Standard care included a pre-op soap-and-water enema and 10 days of post-op antibiotics. Readers were cautioned about the breakability of the large glass bottle attached to post-op chest tubes. The pacemaker itself cost $400. (To read the full article, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A229.)
In this month's issue, Mary Ann Leavitt offers an update on the use of today's implantable cardioverter–defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and ventricular assist devices. Newer “pacemakers” can now be used in primary prevention therapy for patients who are at greater risk for arrhythmias, and patient data can be transmitted wirelessly to the clinician's office. The latest devices can cost upward of $30,000.—Betsy Todd, MPH, RN
Results of a Nationwide Practice Survey of Orthopaedic Traumatologists
Authors: Flanagan Christopher D. , Cannada Lisa K. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To describe the current practice setting, clinical metrics, and reimbursements for orthopaedic traumatologists in the United States.

Design and Setting:
Nationwide survey of orthopaedic traumatologists.

Participants:
Orthopaedic traumatologists with an active clinical practice.

Results:
Five-hundred three orthopaedic traumatologists responded to the survey request. A plurality of respondents practiced in an academic setting (48%), with a majority in practice 10 years or less (54%), and having achieved the untenured (89%) rank of assistant professor (37%). For those within private groups, 62% had achieved “partner” status, generally within 1–3 years (53%) of employment. Most surgeons (85%) reported access to a dedicated orthopaedic trauma room, providing nearly all surgeons (97%) with a first start case on weekdays, but only 55% with a first start on weekends. The greatest degree of ancillary support came from physician assistants (80%). Orthopaedic traumatologists most often reported working between 51 and 70 hours per week (66%), with 4–6 nights of call/month (43%), 1 clinic day/week (42%), and with the majority of clinical volume (>75%) related to managing traumatic injury. More than half (53%) of respondents received compensation for call. Annual case volumes and wRVU varied widely. Commonly, respondents had 100% of their salary guaranteed (48%), and most reported eligibility for additional revenue through production bonuses (70%). Three subgroup analyses by years in practice, practice setting, and physician sex provider further insight into clinical characteristics.

Conclusions:
The results of this nationwide survey provide insight into the current clinical status of orthopaedic traumatology. Providers may find this information useful in job searches and contract negotiations.
Evidence-Based Critical Care Education for Oncology Nurses
Authors: Leake Jennifer , Powers Kelly , Rutledge Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Background
Advances in medical care for oncology patients have heightened the complexity of this patient population, leading to an increased need for lifesaving, critical care. Yet, there is a lack of literature on education to prepare nurses to provide care to critically ill oncology patients.

Objectives
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate oncology nurses' mastery of basic and oncology-specific critical care knowledge after an evidence-based supplemental training intervention.

Methods
An 8-hour supplemental training intervention was developed to increase oncology nurses' knowledge about basic and oncology critical care by addressing score deficiencies noted on the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (9r version). Seventeen oncology nurses completed the supplemental training intervention. The Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool and an Oncology Knowledge Survey were administered pre and post supplemental training, and significant changes were detected with Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Results
Mean total Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool scores significantly improved from 65.7 before initial course to 73.7 post supplemental training (P = .002). Oncology Knowledge Survey total scores increased from 75.3% to 80.9%, which was a statistically significant improvement (P = .039).

Conclusions
Critical care training is imperative for oncology nurses preparing to care for high-acuity oncology patients. Adequate knowledge of basic and oncology-specific critical care is important to prevent adverse events and improve outcomes for this complex patient population.
Review of Tuberous Breast Deformity: Developments over the Last 20 Years
Authors: Lozito Alessia , Vinci Valeriano , Talerico Eleonora , Asselta Rosanna , Di Tommaso Luca , Agnelli Benedetta , Klinger Marco , Klinger Francesco 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Tuberous breast (TB) deformity is a condition characterized by alterations in breast morphology and tissue structure with high prevalence in the general population. The literature provides sparse descriptions of TB, as not many investigations on the condition have been conducted. The aim of this review was to analyze and provide a holistic overview on the morphological characteristics of the TB.

Methods:
A review of current literature was performed using the PubMed database from 2001 to 2021. The key words used for the review included “tuberous breast,” “constricted breast,” and “stenotic breast.” We included articles that analyzed the anatomic and histologic characteristics of TB.

Results:
From 213 articles, only 42 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 171 articles were excluded, as they were letters, not related to the condition, or were written in a foreign language. The studies in this review drew on hypothesis on the embryological origin of TB and analyzed the composition of TB tissues, consisting in a constricting fibrous ring, made of longitudinally arranged collagen and elastic fibers. Furthermore, the review reports the different anatomical and surgical classifications, as well as the various surgical corrective procedures developed throughout history up to 2021.

Conclusion:
The review describes all etiological, epidemiologic, anatomical, histological, and surgical characteristics of tuberous breast.
An Investigation of Physiological System Impairments in Individuals 4 Weeks to 6 Months Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Galea Olivia , O'Leary Shaun , Treleaven Julia 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) was developed to identify potential physiological system impairment (PSI) underlying persistent symptoms post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study evaluates PSI in individuals 4 weeks to 6 months post-mTBI using the BCTT “failure” criteria, and additional exploratory measures of test duration and heart rate (HR) response.

Setting:
Tertiary hospital and university.

Participants:
Participants included 73 individuals 4 weeks to 6 months post-mTBI and a comparison group of 39 healthy controls (HCs). The mTBI group was further subgrouped at screening into those considering themselves asymptomatic (Asymp mTBI) (n = 35) or symptomatic (Symp mTBI) (n = 36).

Design:
Observational cohort study.

Main Measures:
BCTT; failure rate (%), test duration (minutes), HR responses.

Results:
: Thirty percent of the mTBI group (including 50% of the Symp and 9% of the Asymp subgroups) failed the BCTT. BCTT duration and associated overall HR change was significantly lower in the mTBI group and Symp subgroup compared with HCs. Compared with HCs maximal HR percentage was higher for the first 4 minutes of the test in the mTBI group, and for the first 2 minutes of the test for the Symp subgroup.

Conclusions:
Individuals post-mTBI demonstrated PSI impairment subacutely. In some individuals this was despite an initially reported absence of symptoms. The study also showed some preliminary evidence that BCTT duration and HR responses may be additionally informative post-mTBI.
Crash Risk Following Return to Driving After Moderate-to-Severe TBI: A TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Novack Thomas , Zhang Yue , Kennedy Richard , Rapport Lisa J. , Bombardier Charles , Bergquist Thomas , Watanabe Thomas , Tefertiller Candy , Goldin Yelena , Marwitz Jennifer , Dreer Laura E. , Walker William , Brunner Robert 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To examine motor vehicle crash frequency and risk factors following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Eight TBI Model Systems sites. Participants: Adults (N = 438) with TBI who required inpatient acute rehabilitation.

Design:
Cross-sectional, observational design.

Main Measures:
Driving survey completed at phone follow-up 1 to 30 years after injury.

Results:
TBI participants reported 1.5 to 2.5 times the frequency of crashes noted in the general population depending on the time frame queried, even when accounting for unreported crashes. Most reported having no crashes; for those who experienced a crash, half of them reported a single incident. Based on logistic regression, age at survey, years since injury, and perception of driving skills were significantly associated with crashes.

Conclusion:
Compared with national statistics, crash risk is higher following TBI based on self-report. Older age and less time since resuming driving were associated with lower crash risk. When driving was resumed was not associated with crash risk. These results do not justify restricting people from driving after TBI, given that the most who resumed driving did not report experiencing any crashes. However, there is a need to identify and address factors that increase crash risk after TBI.
Characteristics of Responders and Nonresponders in a Military Postconcussion Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Nix Caitlyn A. , Cummings Latiba D. , Lu Lisa H. , Bowles Amy O. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To characterize treatment responders and nonresponders as measured by the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) in order to understand whether certain traits in our patient population would characterize favorable response.

Setting:
Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service at Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.

Patients:
In total, 655 active duty military patients with a diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who received treatment between 2007 and 2020 and completed self-report measures as part of routine care.

Design:
Observational retrospective analysis of outpatient clinical outcomes data.

Main Measures:
The primary outcome measure was the NSI, divided into the responder and nonresponder groups. Responders were defined by reliable change in NSI total score (decrease of ≥8 points from intake to discharge).

Findings:
Responders (n = 395) reported a higher level of symptom burden at intake on the NSI. Women responded proportionally more (70%) than men (58%). After treatment, responders reported improvements on all measures evaluated while nonresponders reported no change or slightly worse symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that posttraumatic stress symptoms at intake decreased odds of favorable treatment response while satisfaction with social relationships increased odds of favorable treatment response.

Conclusion:
The results from this process improvement project suggested that posttraumatic symptoms warrant programmatic attention in TBI clinics while social relationships may be a protective factor that can be capitalized to enhance troop readiness. Systematic examination of these characteristics should be conducted on a larger population within the military health system.
Molecular characteristics of cephalosporins resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program in China, 2015-2016
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Liu Jing-Wei , Chen Shao-Chun , Yin Yue-Ping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
An increasing level of antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), has been reported by the China Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (China-GRSP).

Methods:
2038 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates were collected from China-GRSP between 2015 and 2016. NG multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), MLST (multi-locus sequence typing) and NG sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) were used to determine characteristics and resistant determinants of cephalosporins resistant isolates.

Results:
74 (3.6%) cephalosporins resistant isolates were confirmed. MLSTST7363 was the most prevalent MLST among cefixime resistant (CFX-R) isolates, while MLSTST7365 (n = 8) in ceftriaxone resistant (CRO-R) isolates. And CFX-R strains mainly associated with penA-X(n = 27,44.3%), penA-XIII (n = 6,9.8%), penA-XVIII (n = 5, 8.2%), and CRO-R strains mainly related to penA-XVIII (n = 10,25.6%), penA-43(n = 9,23.1%), penA-XIII(n = 7,17.9%).

Conclusion:
The main conclusion of this study is that the predominant cephalosporin-resistant clones in China include locally emerged and imported linages. The CFX-R and CRO-R strains are primarily related to penA mutations and their predominant genotypes are different. With the increase of international travel, tracking high-risk resistant clones and identifying outbreaks and their association with epidemiological characteristics are critical to improve public health.
Addressing the Opioid Crisis: Medication-Assisted Therapy Waiver Training for Students
Authors: Ma Sae Byul , Feldman Corinne T. , D'Aquila Mitzi , Lowe Enya , Lie Désirée 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Physician assistant (PA) graduates should be prepared to care for patients with substance use disorders. Medication-assisted therapy (MAT) allows PA graduates to provide that care by becoming licensed to prescribe buprenorphine. However, it is unclear how feasible and effective it is to implement online MAT waiver training during PA school. This study examined student knowledge and attitudes after training to assess its impact and perceived value.

Methods
We conducted a 15-question survey after one class of students completed training during clinical rotations. Students self-reported pre/post change in awareness, knowledge, interest, comfort and confidence, perceived usefulness to practice, and assessed quality using 5-point Likert scale (higher scores = more positive) and narrative responses. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and descriptive statistics. Free text comments were analyzed for themes using constant comparison.

Results
Fifty-five (100%) students completed training within 6 weeks. The survey response rate was 49/55 (89%). Pre-to-post score changes were significant (p < .05) from +0.39 to +1.35 with the greatest changes seen in knowledge (+1.35), comfort (+1.14), awareness (+1.06), and confidence (+1.08); the lowest change was in interest (score change +0.39). Students reported being satisfied with content organization and quality (mean 3.82) and recommended training to colleagues (3.98); 82% reported they would have preferred 3 months to complete training; 46% would have preferred training prior to the start of clinical rotations. Major themes indicated a desire for better preparation and flexibility of platform, with ambivalence about relevance to practice.

Conclusion
Online MAT waiver training is feasible and effective. However, students may not be convinced of its relevance to future practice. Faculty should offer adequate preparation and optimize integration into existing curricula.
Effects of Adult Medicaid Dental Benefits Elimination on Child Dental Care Use
Authors: Hill Courtney M. , Jones Michael P. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of adult dental benefit cuts on child dental use in Washington state Medicaid and determine if cuts affect child demographic subgroups differentially.

Research Design:
The study used an interrupted time-series methodology to measure differences in child dental use after adult dental benefit elimination and reinstatement. Monthly data came from Washington state Medicaid enrollee and dental claim files from January 2008 to December 2015.

Subjects:
Medicaid-enrolled children with at least one Medicaid-enrolled adult in the same household were the intervention group, and Medicaid-enrolled children without a Medicaid-enrolled adult in the same household were the control group.

Measures:
The outcome was the monthly proportion of Medicaid-enrolled children with a dental examination per 10,000 Medicaid-enrolled children.

Results:
After adult dental benefits elimination, dental examinations among children with Medicaid-enrolled adults in the same household gradually decreased, corresponding to 65 fewer dental examinations per 10,000 children per year (5.4 fewer dental examinations per 10,000 children per month; 95% confidence interval: −7.7, −3.1; P=0.006). Adult dental benefits had no effect on dental examination for children without a Medicaid-enrolled adult in the same household. Dental examinations for children with a Medicaid-enrolled adult in the same household continued to gradually decrease after adult benefits reinstatement. Children younger than age 6 were the most adversely impacted by changes to adult Medicaid dental benefits.

Conclusion:
Policymakers should consider the spillover effects and ethical considerations of eliminating adult Medicaid dental benefits on children’s access to dental care.