bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the study of CD47‐based bispecific antibody in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Binglei , Li Wei , Fan Dandan , Tian Wenzhi , Zhou Jian , Ji Zhenyu , Song Yongping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTumour therapy has entered the era of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T), cytokine‐induced killer (CIK), tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and other cellular immunotherapies have become the focus of current research. The CD47/SIRPα target is becoming another popular tumour immunotherapy target following the PDCD1/CD247(PD1/PD‐L1) checkpoint inhibitor. In recent years, a large number of CD47/SIRPα mAbs, fusion proteins, and CD47/SIRPα‐based bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are undergoing preclinical and clinical trials and have good curative effects in the treatment of haematological tumours and solid tumours. They bring new vitality and hope for the treatment of patients with advanced tumours. This review summarizes the research progress of CD47/SIRPα‐based BsAbs with different targets for tumour treatment. There are 12 and 9 BsAbs in clinical trials and pre‐clinical research, respectively. We report on the mechanism of 15 BsAb molecules with different target and analyse the efficacy and safety of preclinical and clinical trials, discuss the issues that may be faced in the development of CD47‐based BsAbs, and dual‐target molecules, and summarize their development prospects. This review provides a reference for the safety and effectiveness of BsAbs in clinical application and in the future development of antibodies.
Why the parent's gaze is so powerful in organizing the infant's gaze: The relationship between parental referential cues and infant object looking
Authors: Sun Lichao , Yoshida Hanako 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParental scaffolding such as looking at and showing objects has long been considered to be helpful for early attention and language development. However, relatively little is known about how parental social multimodal cues work alone or together in guiding an infant's attention toward the referent items. The present study aims to document the dynamics of social referential input during an interactive play session and specify the different types of social cues in directing infant attention. Forty‐three parent‐infant dyads (infants aged from 5.0 to 18.0 months) in the U.S. completed a short play session recorded by head‐mounted camera with eye‐trackers. The present findings suggest that joint attention between parent and infant toward the same referent item often co‐occurred with other referential input. Infants were more likely to maintain sustained attention to an object under the circumstance that the parent looked at the same item and named it explicitly. This was not the case when parent object looking accompanied other utterances, like “Look!” or the child's name. The present study highlights the importance of multimodal referential input, which sets up enriched opportunities for children to become sensitive to social input and develop sustained attention for further learning.
Natural disaster management in Korea: Is it the “best”, or is it just “satisfactory”?
Authors: Ha Kyoo‐Man 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research has examined the reality of Korean natural disaster management by considering four analytical factors, namely, the characteristics of natural disasters, government policy, business strategy, and volunteer activity, towards drawing lessons for the international community. Qualitative content analysis has been used to test the following hypothesis: “If Korean natural disaster management is not the best but only satisfactory, then there will be implications for the international community.” The success and failure of Korean natural disaster management has been compared from the international perspective. By accepting the hypothesis, this research maintains that the Korean field of natural disaster management has always been surrounded by certain barriers, according to the bounded rationality of human beings.
Effect of ultrasound combined with sodium bicarbonate pretreatment on the taste and flavor of chicken broth
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Zhang Min , Zhang Lihui , Liu Yaping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs one of the five basic tastes, umami has the advantages of making the overall taste of food more harmoniously. Although various umami substances in food have been isolated and identified, in recent years, there are limit studies on the processing technology for improving food umami. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel efficient umami improvement technologies to meet the urgentment of the food industry. This experiment was designed to study the effect of 0.1% (w/w) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) combined with different power (0, 120, 180, 240, and 300 W) ultrasound treatment on the taste and flavor of chicken broth. Results demonstrated that the chicken broth under the power of 120 W ultrasound treatment combined with 0.1% (w/w) NaHCO3 was the most umami, and contained the largest amount of IMP. The chicken broth under the treatment of 180 W ultrasound combined with 0.1% (w/w) NaHCO3 has better flavor and sensory evaluation as the umami improved. In summary, 180 W ultrasound combined with 0.1% (w/w) NaHCO3 pretreatment is a simple and low‐cost processing technology, which is inclined to apply in industry.Practical ApplicationsCompared with the traditional umami improvement method, ultrasound can significantly reduce the cost of food umami‐enhancing with the characteristics of high safety, environmental protection, low operating cost, and high instantaneous efficiency. Sodium bicarbonate is an inorganic salt. Moderate intake is beneficial to the body. It can help neutralize stomach acid and supplement sodium for the body. In this study, low‐power ultrasound combined with low‐concentration of sodium bicarbonate solution was used to cook chicken soup, and the umami taste was improved to a large extent, which provided a novel method for industrial application.
A review of system dynamics modeling for the sustainability assessment of biorefineries
Authors: Roy Bidhan Bhuson , Tu Qingshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBioeconomy has been incorporated into the national strategy for sustainable development by many countries, and the concept of biorefinery has been considered as one of the essential components of such strategies. The environmental, economic, and social implications of a biorefinery hinge upon both the endogenous interactions among its supply chain components and their responses to the exogenous factors. The system dynamics (SD) modeling approach is suitable for understanding such complex systems. This study provides a state‐of‐the‐art review of the methodological assumptions of existing SD studies relevant to the sustainability of biorefineries. Among the reviewed studies, common supply chain components of a biorefinery were feedstock supply, biomass conversion, market demand, distribution, and use of bioproducts. Components of a supply chain are interlinked through feedback loops. For instance, the preference for bioproduct use increases the corresponding market demand, which attracts more investment in biorefineries and changes the supply of feedstock. Exogenous variables investigated by the reviewed studies cover the market demand, population growth, GDP change, imposed regulations and incentives to evaluate endogenous factors such as the price of biomass and biofuel, change in land‐use pattern, and fuel or energy choices of consumers. Through analyzing the methodological assumptions, we also identified several limitations of the models/frameworks in the existing literature, including (1) the lack of a mechanism to represent the complex interactions within the supply chain of a biorefinery with a diverse product portfolio, and (2) the lack of feedback loops incorporating the environmental (e.g., via life cycle assessment), economic (e.g., via techno‐economic analysis), and social (e.g., via social life cycle assessment) influences into the interactions among supply chain components. Accordingly, we proposed a recommendation for methodology development to address these limitations.
Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri‐induced suppurative meningoencephalitis and bacteremia in an infant western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: de Carvalho Thaynara Parente , Moreira Larissa Giannini Alves , Vieira André Duarte , da Silva Laice Alves , Santana Clarissa Helena , dos Santos Daniel Oliveira , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Coelho Carlyle Mendes , Xavier Rafael Gariglio Clark , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , da Paixão Tatiane Alves , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri has been rarely associated with infections and sepsis in humans. A 3‐month‐old male western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), born under human care, died after a traumatic event. Histologic, microbiologic, and molecular findings in postmortem demonstrated a suppurative meningoencephalitis and bacteremia associated with M. sciuri infection.
Corticotroph isolation from Pomc‐eGFP mice reveals sustained transcriptional dysregulation characterising a mouse model of glucocorticoid‐induced suppression of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis
Authors: Duncan Peter J. , McClafferty Heather , Nolan Oscar , Ding Qinghui , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Le Tissier Paul , Walker Brian R. , Shipston Michael J. , Romanò Nicola , Chambers Thomas J. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are prescribed for periods > 3 months to 1%–3% of the UK population; 10%–50% of these patients develop hypothalamus‐pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, which may last over 6 months and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Recovery of the pituitary and hypothalamus is necessary for recovery of adrenal function. We developed a mouse model of dexamethasone (DEX)‐induced HPA axis dysfunction aiming to further explore recovery in the pituitary. Adult male wild‐type C57BL6/J or Pomc‐eGFP transgenic mice were randomly assigned to receive DEX (approximately 0.4 mg kg–1 bodyweight day–1) or vehicle via drinking water for 4 weeks following which treatment was withdrawn and tissues were harvested after another 0, 1, and 4 weeks. Corticotrophs were isolated from Pomc‐eGFP pituitaries using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and RNA extracted for RNA‐sequencing. DEX treatment suppressed corticosterone production, which remained partially suppressed at least 1 week following DEX withdrawal. In the adrenal, Hsd3b2, Cyp11a1, and Mc2r mRNA levels were significantly reduced at time 0, with Mc2r and Cyp11a1 remaining reduced 1 week following DEX withdrawal. The corticotroph transcriptome was modified by DEX treatment, with some differences between groups persisting 4 weeks following withdrawal. No genes supressed by DEX exhibited ongoing attenuation 1 and 4 weeks following withdrawal, whereas only two genes were upregulated and remained so following withdrawal. A pattern of rebound at 1 and 4 weeks was observed in 14 genes that increased following suppression, and in six genes that were reduced by DEX and then increased. Chronic GC treatment may induce persistent changes in the pituitary that may influence future response to GC treatment or stress.
Diagnostic accuracy of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 point‐of‐care test for the discrimination of periodontal health status: Comparison of saliva and oral rinse samples
Authors: Deng Ke , Wei Shimin , Xu Min , Shi Junyu , Lai Hongchang , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAssessment of biomarkers, specifically active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8), in saliva/oral rinses is a promising diagnostic approach for periodontal health and disease. Different oral fluids have specific advantages and limitations. This study investigates the effect of sampling different fluids on the accuracy of an aMMP‐8 point of care test (POCT).MethodsUnstimulated whole saliva, a first, and a second oral rinse were sequentially taken from 95 consecutive adults. aMMP‐8 was quantitatively determined with a lateral flow immunoassay (index test). A full‐mouth periodontal examination was used to establish a diagnosis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification of periodontal diseases (reference standard). Diagnostic measures of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity were assessed and compared.ResultsIn all oral fluid samples, periodontitis patients (N = 61) had significantly elevated aMMP‐8 levels and increased test positivity rates compared with subjects with periodontal health or gingivitis (N = 34). The intra‐individual comparison showed that aMMP‐8 levels were significantly higher in 1st oral rinse compared with other samples (1st oral rinse > saliva = 2nd oral rinse, p = .007). The aMMP‐8 test using 1st oral rinse exhibited the best accuracy for detecting periodontitis with a sensitivity of 80.3%, a specificity of 67.8% and an AUROC of 0.740.ConclusionsA 30‐second oral rinse with water omitting the prerinse provided the best accuracy to discriminate periodontal health and disease with an aMMP‐8 POCT. This regimen seems promising for further studies in large representative populations to verify the current findings.
A preliminary study on the diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria in response to the treatment of depression with Xiaoyaosan
Authors: Xiong L.L. , Mao M.L. , Shu Q.L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Butyrate-producing bacteria generate butyrate, which has antidepressant effects. Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat depression, may improve depression-like behaviour by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the functional groups and mechanisms of action in the XYS treatment of depression remain unknown. This study aimed to analyse with clone sequencing the changes in intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria in XYS-treated chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. We successfully established the XYS-treated CUMS rat model of depression. Rat faecal samples were collected before, during, and after the experiment, and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene primers were selected for PCR amplification to determine the diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria. The results showed that XYS increased intestinal butyrate-producing bacterial diversity in CUMS rats regarding phylum and genus numbers; the number of phyla increased to two, distributed in Firmicutes and Bacteroides, and four genera were distributed in Eubacterium sp., Roseburia sp., Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. Only one phylum and two genera were present in the model group without XYS treatment. Our findings indicate that XYS can improve depression-like behaviour by regulating intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria diversity, particularly Roseburia sp. and Eubacterium sp., thus providing new insights into the targeted regulation of the intestinal flora to treat depression.
Modelling the invasion of human small intestinal epithelial-like cells by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes using Bayesian inference
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Abe H. , Koyama K. , Koseki S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To develop a mechanistic bacterial dose–response model, based on the concept of Key Events Dose–Response Framework (KEDRF), this study aimed to investigate the invasion of intestinal model cells (Caco-2) by Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes and described the behaviour of both pathogens as a mathematical model using Bayesian inference. Monolayer-cultured Caco-2 cells (approximately 105 cells) were co-cultured with various concentrations (103–107 colony forming unit [CFU] ml−1) of Salm. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes for up to 9 h to investigate the invasion of the pathogens into the Caco-2 cells. While an exposure of ≥103 CFU ml−1 of Salm. Typhimurium initiated the invasion of Caco-2 cells within 3 h, much less exposure (102 CFU ml−1) of L. monocytogenes was sufficient for invasion within the same period. Furthermore, while the maximum number of invading Salm. Typhimurium cells reached by approximately 103 CFU cm−2 for 6-h exposure, the invading maximum numbers of L. monocytogenes cells increased by approximately 106 CFU cm−2 for the same exposure period. The invasion kinetics of both the pathogens was successfully described as an asymptotic exponential mathematical model using Bayesian inference. The developed pathogen invasion model allowed the estimation of probability of Salm. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes infection, based on the physiological natures of digestion process, which was comparable to the published dose–response relationship. The invasion models developed in the present study will play a key role in the development of an alternative pathogen dose–response model based on KEDRF concept.
Attribution of diabetes to the development of severe liver disease in the general population
Authors: Vuorinen Miika , Männistö Ville T. , Salomaa Veikko , Britton Annie , Jula Antti , Männistö Satu , Lundqvist Annamari , Perola Markus , Åberg Fredrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes is associated with advanced liver disease and predicts mortality regardless of the primary aetiology of the liver disease. Even a family history of diabetes has been linked to advanced liver fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the fraction of liver‐related outcomes in the general population that are attributable to diabetes remains unclear.MethodsThe population attributable fraction (PAF) of diabetes for liver disease as a time‐dependent exposure was estimated in the Finnish FINRISK study (n = 28 787) and the British Whitehall II study (n = 7855). We also assessed the predictive ability of a family history of diabetes for liver‐related outcomes. Incident diabetes data were from drug purchase/reimbursement and healthcare registries (FINRISK) or follow‐up examinations (Whitehall II). Incident severe liver outcomes were identified through linkage with national healthcare registries.ResultsDiabetes was associated with a two‐fold risk of liver‐related outcomes in both the FINRISK (HR, 1.92; p < .001) and Whitehall II (HR, 2.37; p < .001) cohorts, and this remained significant after adjusting for multiple confounders. PAF analyses demonstrated that diabetes explained 12–14% of the risk for severe liver‐related outcomes after 10 and 20 years of follow‐up. Also, maternal diabetes increased the risk of liver‐related outcomes in the FINRISK (HR, 1.43; p = .044) and Whitehall II (HR, 2.04; p = .051) cohorts.ConclusionApproximately 12%–14% of severe liver‐related outcomes are attributable to diabetes at the population level. The association between maternal diabetes and liver disease might suggest a mitochondrial genetic mechanism.
Homology‐based classification of accessory proteins in coronavirus genomes uncovers extremely dynamic evolution of gene content
Authors: Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Molteni Cristian , Arrigoni Federica , Mozzi Alessandra , Clerici Mario , De Gioia Luca , Sironi Manuela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) have complex genomes that encode a fixed array of structural and nonstructural components, as well as a variety of accessory proteins that differ even among closely related viruses. Accessory proteins often play a role in the suppression of immune responses and may represent virulence factors. Despite their relevance for CoV phenotypic variability, information on accessory proteins is fragmentary. We applied a systematic approach based on homology detection to create a comprehensive catalogue of accessory proteins encoded by CoVs. Our analyses grouped accessory proteins into 379 orthogroups and 12 super‐groups. No orthogroup was shared by the four CoV genera and very few were present in all or most viruses in the same genus, reflecting the dynamic evolution of CoV genomes. We observed differences in the distribution of accessory proteins in CoV genera. Alphacoronaviruses harboured the largest diversity of accessory open reading frames (ORFs), deltacoronaviruses the smallest. However, the average number of accessory proteins per genome was highest in betacoronaviruses. Analysis of the evolutionary history of some orthogroups indicated that the different CoV genera adopted similar evolutionary strategies. Thus, alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses acquired phosphodiesterases and spike‐like accessory proteins independently, whereas horizontal gene transfer from reoviruses endowed betacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses with fusion‐associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins. Finally, analysis of accessory ORFs in annotated CoV genomes indicated ambiguity in their naming. This complicates cross‐communication among researchers and hinders automated searches of large data sets (e.g., PubMed, GenBank). We suggest that orthogroup membership is used together with a naming system to provide information on protein function.
Telomere length positively correlates with pace‐of‐life in a sex‐ and cohort‐specific way and elongates with age in a wild mammal
Authors: Tissier Mathilde L. , Bergeron Patrick , Garant Dany , Zahn Sandrine , Criscuolo François , Réale Denis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding ageing and the diversity of life histories is a cornerstone in biology. Telomeres, the protecting caps of chromosomes, are thought to be involved in ageing, cancer risks and life‐history strategies. They shorten with cell division and age in somatic tissues of most species, possibly limiting lifespan. The resource allocation trade‐off hypothesis predicts that short telomeres have thus coevolved with early reproduction, proactive behaviour and reduced lifespan, that is, a fast pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS). Conversely, since short telomeres may also reduce the risks of cancer, the anticancer hypothesis advances that they should be associated with slow POLS. Conclusion on which hypothesis best supports the role of telomeres as mediators of life‐history strategies is hampered by a lack of study on wild short‐lived vertebrates, apart from birds. Using seven years of data on wild Eastern chipmunks Tamias striatus, we highlighted that telomeres elongate with age (n = 204 and n = 20) and do not limit lifespan in this species (n = 51). Furthermore, short telomeres correlated with a slow POLS in a sex‐specific way (n = 37). Females with short telomeres had a delayed age at first breeding and a lower fecundity rate than females with long telomeres, while we found no differences in males. Our findings support most predictions adapted from the anticancer hypothesis, but none of those from the resource allocation trade‐off hypothesis. Results are in line with an increasing body of evidence suggesting that other evolutionary forces than resource allocation trade‐offs shape the diversity of telomere length in adult somatic cells and the relationships between telomere length and life‐histories.