bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterize the microstructure change after tendon enthesis injury using synchrotron radiation μCT
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Shengcan , Chen Yang , Xiao Han , Wang Linfeng , Hu Jianzhong , Xu Daqi , Lu Hongbin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe microstructure of the bone‐tendon interface (BTI) deserves in‐depth investigation. In this study, we first aimed to extend the application of synchrotron radiation μCT to characterize the gradient structure of supraspinatus tendon (SST) enthesis, from both tissue morphology to cell distribution. Second, to acquire detailed morphological information of SST enthesis when after injury. Our results showed that in normal enthesis, the phenotype of chondrocyte in BTI was dependent on its distance to subchondral bone. After injury, the fibrocartilage cells were disrupted, as evidenced by reduced lacunae size. Our observation may partly explain the loss of BTI mechanical properties after injury, and we believe the application of synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography will have promising potential for characterizing the morphology changes in enthesis and for evaluating the therapeutic effects of interventions in preclinical studies.
Programmable Terahertz Metamaterials with Non‐Volatile Memory
Authors: Chen Benwen , Wu Jingbo , Li Weili , Zhang Caihong , Fan Kebin , Xue Qiang , Chi Yaojia , Wen Qiye , Jin Biaobing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpatial light modulators (SLMs) exhibit a powerful capability of controlling electromagnetic waves. They are found to have numerous applications at terahertz (THz) frequencies, including wireless communication, digital holography, and compressive imaging. However, the development toward large‐scale, multi‐level, and multi‐functional THz SLM encounters technical challenges. Here, an electrically programmable THz metamaterial consisting of an array of 8×8 pixels is presented, in which the phase change material of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is embedded. After successfully suppressing the crosstalk from adjacent pixels, the THz wave can be modulated in a programmable manner. The switching speed of each pixel is in the order of 1 kHz. In particular, utilizing the hysteresis effect of VO2, the memory effect is demonstrated. The THz amplitude of each pixel can be written and erased by individual current pulses. Furthermore, multi‐state THz images can be generated and stored. This programmable metamaterial with memory function can be extended to other frequency bands and opens a route for electromagnetic information processing.
Modified 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy reduces pain and improves therapeutic effects in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma mouse model
Authors: Zeng Qingyu , Zhou Chu , Zhang Yunfeng , Yan Guorong , Wang Xiuli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConventional ALA‐PDT (C‐PDT) has limited efficacy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and there is obvious pain during treatment, which limits its clinical application. We sought to modify photodynamic therapy into a more painless and effective treatment.MethodsWe modified C‐PDT by reducing the incubation time of the pro‐sensitizer and increasing the light dose; we named this method modified ALA‐PDT (M‐PDT). We compared the pain response and curative effect between C‐PDT and M‐PDT in cSCC mouse models. Pain‐related proteins were examined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Tumor progression‐associated signaling pathways were analyzed by RNA‐seq and western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured with a ROS test kit and Microplate reader.ResultsM‐PDT greatly reduced pain during treatment. Interestingly, when the cSCC tumor volume increased to 150–200 mm3, M‐PDT almost completely eliminated the tumors, while C‐PDT did not. The better curative effect of M‐PDT might be due to the stronger suppression of the Stat3, Erk1/2, and mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated that M‐PDT could recruit CD8+ T cells to inhibit cSCC progression. Further investigation determined that the different mechanisms of C‐PDT and M‐PDT were related to more ROS generation induced by M‐PDT.ConclusionsOur results suggest that M‐PDT, which is more painless and effective than C‐PDT, is expected to provide a solution for the treatment of cSCC.
The effect of oxygen on the CO2 corrosion of tensile wires in simulated annulus environments of flexible pipes
Authors: Silva Pedro N. , Svenningsen Gaute , Dugstad Arne , Gomes Jose A. C. P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of oxygen on the CO2 corrosion of carbon steel wires in simulated annulus environments of flexible pipes was investigated. Wire specimens were exposed to modified artificial seawater solutions with and without dissolved oxygen. Dissolved corrosion products (Fe2+ and bicarbonate/carbonate) were added to the test solution to simulate corrosion in the annulus environment. Linear polarisation resistance technique was used to monitor the corrosion rates of specimens. The morphology of corrosion scales was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the crystalline phases were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Surface analysis of corroded specimens was carried out by means of SEM and optical profilometry. Different corrosion morphologies were observed, influenced by the different corrosion scales formed throughout the sequence of environmental conditions imposed on the material.
Has the COVID‐19 pandemic made us more materialistic? The effect of COVID‐19 and lockdown restrictions on the endorsement of materialism
Authors: Moldes Olaya , Dineva Denitsa , Ku Lisbeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to an increase in the factors that typically facilitate the endorsement of materialistic values (e.g., higher media consumption, stress and anxiety, loneliness, death anxiety, and lower moods). In this paper, we examine how contextual changes affecting the antecedents of materialism influence its advocacy with a mixed‐method approach. First, a correlational study (Study 1) suggests that increases in media consumption and stress and anxiety during the pandemic predicted current levels of materialism, however, these effects were limited. Second, contrary to our expectations, a longitudinal study (Study 2) shows that people's focus on money decreased during the pandemic. Last, a social media content analysis (Study 3) reveals a downward trend in users’ online discourses about consumption‐related behaviors, but an upward trend in brands promoting spending as a way to attain well‐being. The observed effects could fuel deeper societal change in the labor market and in consumer behavior, and have further implications for individual and societal well‐being in a post‐pandemic world. We recommend future interventions aimed at diminishing materialistic attitudes to examine the effects of decreasing media consumption and to explore how other factors introduced by the pandemic (e.g., a health or well‐being focus) might moderate its advocacy.
Estimation of Staphylococcus aureus growth rates from CO2 with absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Juncheng , Zhang Yixin , Du Zixuan , Fu Songlin , Hu Yanyan , Chen Daru , Shao Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is very important to monitor and evaluate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under various conditions. However, so far there is no technology that can monitor S. aureus in real time. This work proves that the wavelength modulated absorption spectroscopy (WMAS) based on tunable diode lasers can quickly measure the concentration of carbon dioxide produced by microorganisms. We use a variety of fitting models to get the growth curves of S. aureus and calculated the relationship between the growth rate and time through the obtained growth curve. Using the proposed technology, we have studied the growth status of S. aureus at different temperatures (five points in the range of 26–43°C), and the results show that the maximum growth rate have a strong temperature dependence. Therefore, it is proved that WMAS monitoring S. aureus is a user‐friendly, non‐invasive, fast, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio technology, which can be used for rapid and accurate bacterial growth assessment in the industry.
Comparison of high‐dose dual therapy with bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients: An open‐label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guan Jia‐Lun , Hu Yun‐Lian , An Ping , He Qiong , Long Hui , Zhou Lin , Chen Zhi‐Fen , Xiong Jian‐Guang , Wu Shi‐Sheng , Ding Xiang‐Wu , Luo He‐Sheng , Li Pei‐Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveBismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has a relatively high rate of side effects and high cost, thus the option of a high‐dose dual therapy with a high eradication rate and fewer adverse events is a consideration. However, studies of dual therapy are still scarce and are mostly single‐center studies with limited generalizability. Large‐scale, multicenter studies are required. Our study investigated and compared the effectiveness, adverse events, patient compliance, and costs of high‐dose dual therapy with those of bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in H. pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients in a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial.MethodTreatment‐naive patients infected with H. pylori were randomly assigned to receive high‐dose dual therapy (esomeprazole 20 mg 4 times daily and amoxicillin 1000 mg 3 times daily, for 14 days) or bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, all twice daily for 14 days). The effectiveness, adverse events, patient compliance, and costs of both groups were compared.ResultsA total of 700 patients were enrolled. The high‐dose dual therapy group (N = 350) achieved eradication rates of 89.4% (intention‐to‐treat), 90.4% (modified intention‐to‐treat), and 90.6% (per‐protocol), which were similar to rates in the bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy group (N = 350), 84.6%, 88.0%, and 88.2%, respectively (p > 0.05). The high‐dose dual therapy group had a lower rate of adverse events (12.9% vs. 28.1%, p < 0.001) and lower costs (¥590.2 vs. ¥723.22) compared with the quadruple therapy group, respectively. The compliance of both groups was satisfactory (97.7% high‐dose dual vs. 96.8% quadruple, p > 0.05).ConclusionHigh‐dose dual therapy for H. pylori eradication had similar efficacy and compliance, fewer adverse events, and lower costs than bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for treatment‐naive patients.
Risk assessment of a liquefied natural gas process facility using bow‐tie and Bayesian networks
Authors: Zerrouki Hamza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a risk assessment methodology is presented to identify, analyze, and evaluate the risk associated with different consequences of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) process facility from west Algeria. Bow‐tie analysis (BT) is used to identify the possible causes of hazardous events and the dangerous outcomes and consequences resulting from the failure of the safety barriers. Moreover, the bow‐tie is mapped into Bayesian networks (BNs) to overcome some limitation of dependencies and updating in the events. Finally, the risk‐reducing measures implemented in the process are examined using BNs. The performances of the safety barriers are investigated considering the occurrence of fire and explosion in the facility. BN uses diagnostic (posterior) and predictive (prior) analysis to calculate the probabilities of the components and to predict the occurrence frequency of the consequences and the effectiveness of safety barriers. The results from the BN model indicate that pool fire is the most likely scenario that potentially causes damage to the LNG process.
Electrochemical Determination of Mirabegron at Silica Modified Carbon Paste in Micellar Medium: Sensitive Application with Drug Product and Spiked Plasma
Authors: Abou El‐Alamin Maha M. , Mohamed Dina A. , Toubar Safaa S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSensitive, simple, and accurate differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was validated and used to estimate mirabegron (MIR) at silica modified carbon paste sensor (Si‐CPE) in micellar media. The electrochemical nature of MIR revealed irreversible diffusion‐controlled oxidation. Various experimental conditions were optimized, under optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained within range 1.25×10−7−6.25×10−5 M with correlation coefficient 0.9997. The suggested method was efficiently performed for estimating MIR in a pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma with high precise recoveries (%) ±RSD 98.60±0.88 %, 99.10±0.54 %, respectively. The suggested method could be used as a stability‐indicating assay to assess MIR with its degradation product without any interference.
Strength optimization of recycled fine aggregate self‐curing concrete using Taguchi design
Authors: Ravathi Mohanadhas Chandrika , Chithra Rethnasamy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present scenario, sustainable materials which creates less impact on the environment are the need of the hour. Recycled fine aggregate self‐curing concrete (RFA‐SCRC) can play a significant role in reducing the utilization of natural river sand and also plays a vital role in conserving the water used for curing. This research work deals with the experimental investigations on the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of RFA‐SCRC for various replacement proportions of RFAs using ordinary portland cement (OPC) and portland pozzolana cement (PPC) as different variants. The replacement proportions of RFAs considered for this study are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% to the weight of manufactured sand. Strength optimization was carried out by Taguchi optimization method using Minitab software tool. The parameters considered in this study are the replacement proportion of RFA, type of cement and type of curing. The optimization results indicate that, considering compressive and split tensile strength characteristics, RFA concrete produced using 40% RFA, OPC, and self‐curing process is found to be optimum whereas 30% RFA, OPC, and self‐curing process is found to be optimum with respect to flexural strength characteristics.
Introduction
Authors: Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWorldwide, Green Infrastructure (GI) has mainly been discussed from an adaptation strategy perspective in cities and urban areas. However, we believe that GI can also function in rural and suburban areas where depopulation is prominent. From 2015 to 2021, my colleagues and I have launched two projects, titled “Green Infrastructure with a Declining Population and Changing Climate: Assessment of Biodiversity, Disaster Prevention, and Social Values” and “Complementary Role of Green and Gray Infrastructures: Evaluation from Disaster Prevention, Environment, and Social and Economic Benefit,” which were supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Funds (4-1504 and 4-1805) of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. This volume introduces some of our achievements in the projects. Additionally, I invited active foreign scientists from the United Kingdom and the United States to contribute their experiences and knowledge to this volume. As suggested by the studies, one of the important characteristics of GI is multifunctionality, which maintains biodiversity and traditional landscapes. Using a natural and seminatural GI network in a watershed, we are able to adapt to elevated disaster risks in a changing climate while sustaining traditional land use and restoring natural ecosystems that provide a suite of ecosystem services and human welfare.
Change in Floodwater Retention Function of a Paddy Field Due to Cultivation Abandonment in a Depopulating Rural Region in Japan
Authors: Imai Yota , Muto Yasunori , Kamada Mahito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlood control concept at watershed scale is used as an adaptation strategy for climate change; rainwater and floodwater should be stored in forests and agricultural lands in the watershed, rather than relying on only river systems; and paddy fields are important ecosystems for floodwater retention. The abandonment of paddy cultivation, however, is increasing year after year in Japan due to depopulation in rural regions. Through two-dimensional numerical inundation analysis, we evaluated the negative effects of topographical changes after abandonment on the floodwater retention function. The bipolarization of the inundation depth is apparent in the current topography. The areas with deepwater inundation are wider, particularly in the most downstream areas, whereas in the past, areas with shallow water were widely distributed. The peak water level in the current land use is 0.4 m higher than in the past. After the peak level is achieved, the water level decreases in a shorter time in the present land use than in the past. Owing to hydraulic changes after the abandonment of rice cultivation, the risk of flooding disasters for people living downstream has increased. To maintain floodwater retention function, one of the regulating services, by artificial wetlands, such as paddy fields, continuous management is essential to prevent vegetation succession. Thus, it is important to provide incentives for local people to perform the daily maintenance activities.
Understanding Preference Differences Among Individuals for the Reduction in Flood Risk by Green Infrastructure
Authors: Shoji Yasushi , Tsuge Takahiro , Onuma Ayumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to grasp, through a discrete choice experiment, the general public’s preferences regarding green infrastructure that provides flood-control services. Green infrastructure, unlike artificial structures (gray infrastructure) such as continuous artificial levees, can potentially handle floods that exceed what is envisioned at the planning stages. However, there is also the possibility that they may not be able to handle the expected floods. People’s preferences could be heterogeneous when it comes to an infrastructure that has such a risk. The results of the latent class model indicated that people’s preferences regarding green infrastructure were heterogeneous. Respondents who regard green infrastructure as not contributing to nature conservation and as an excuse to carry out unnecessary river-management projects evaluated gray infrastructure more favorably. It was also revealed that the more confident respondents were in providing their answers, the more likely they were to support green infrastructure. These results may suggest that more understanding will be required for a consensus to be formed regarding the use of green infrastructure.
Social System in Collaborative Activities for Conserving Coastal Pine Forest in Karatsu City, Kyusyu, Japan
Authors: Asanami Fumika , Kamada Mahito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe studied the social system to maintain collaborative activities for restoring and conserving coastal pine forests in Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Governance has been structured and functioned in most conservation processes; administrative offices of the state, prefecture, and city, business sector, and Civil Society Organization have acted interdependently, and network members have continuous interaction under the management of an NPO group known as KANNE. KANNE has filled in a structural hole in the social network. KANNE plays a special role as the hub. Social ties, however, are very weak, and hence the system continuity is fragile. If KANNE stops its work, the network structure will collapse. As an internal circumstance of KANNE, most management works have been governed by the secretary-general, and any person who can act as a substitute is now absent. Installing a system to develop human resources within KANNE is important to retain conservation activities.
Descriptions of Dislocation via First Principles Calculations
Authors: Tsuru Tomohito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDislocation is one of the most representative plastons to determine the mechanical properties of crystalline materials. In this section, several computational approaches for of dislocations and dislocation-related properties are introduced within the framework of first principles calculations. The staking fault energy corresponding to the local interfacial misfit energy is one of the most important characteristics to determine the shape and motion of dislocations. The first principles calculations of the staking fault energy on various slip planes in HCP metals are provided compared with several materials. Peierls–Nabarro model is then introduced to describe the shape and motion of the dislocation. Finally, atomic configuration of a dislocation dipole in a periodic cell can be modeled based on the linear elasticity theory. First principles calculations are thus directly applied to dislocation core structure which enable us to evaluate the effect of solute element on the dislocation core structure and motion.
Plaston—Elemental Deformation Process Involving Cooperative Atom Motion
Authors: Inui Haruyuki , Kishida Kyosuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe concept of ‘plaston’ that involves cooperative atom motion under shear stress is discussed as a deformation carrier that nucleates and moves in the deformation front under shear stress in many different materials in general. The selection of a plaston of a particular type among many different plastons depends on stress level/state, crystallographic orientation, specimen size (grain size) and so on. The importance of the understanding of the activation of various plastons is discussed for the improvement of mechanical properties of existing structural materials and the development of new structural materials with high strength and high ductility.
TEM Characterization of Lattice Defects Associated with Deformation and Fracture in α-Al2O3
Authors: Tochigi Eita , Miao Bin , Kondo Shun , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlumina (α-Al2O3) is one of the representative structural ceramics. To understand its mechanical responses, the lattice defect behavior of alumina has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for many years. In this report, we review our recent research progress on TEM structural analysis of lattice defects in alumina. In the first half, the core atomic structure and dissociation reaction of b = $$1/3<11\bar{2}0>$$

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, and $$1/3<\bar{1}101>$$

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dislocations formed in low-angle grain boundaries are investigated by atomic-resolution TEM observations. Based on experimental results, the slip deformation behavior associated with those dislocations is discussed. In the second half, the formation of $$1/3<11\bar{2}0>$$

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dislocations and fracture of Zr-doped ∑13 grain boundary of alumina are observed by in situ TEM nanoindentation. Furthermore, these indented samples were observed by atomic-resolution scanning TEM. The mechanisms of the deformation and fracture phenomena are discussed in detail.