bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keloid therapy: A neoteric comparative study
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Bessar Hagar , Khater Elsayed M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are considered disorders of fibroproliferation characterized by accumulation of collagen fibers in hypodermis and dermis, caused by inflammation, surgery, and trauma.ObjectivesThe main goal of the study was to approach a better modality for the treatment of keloids by comparing the effects and the side effects of intralesional cryotherapy and intralesional injection of bleomycin.MethodsThis interventional, comparative clinical trial was conducted on 60 cases and was divided equally into the group (A), combined group who were subjected to intralesional bleomycin followed by cryotherapy in the same session, group (B) who were subjected to intralesional injection of bleomycin, and group (C) intralesional cryotherapy. All cases were subjected to clinical examination, complete history taking, dermatological examination, examination, and evaluation of scar lesion using the Vancouver scar scale.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in pliability among the combined group. Also, pliability decreased in the bleomycin group and cryotherapy, but this decrease wasn't statistically significant. Our results revealed that there was a statistically significant decrease in lesion height among all the studied groups, but the decrease was more among the combined group.ConclusionIntralesional cryotherapy was effective as intralesional bleomycin. Combined therapy was a valid and more effective technique with few adverse effects than either alone for keloids as it achieved a decrease in volumes of scars or accompanied symptoms.
Deep learning in periodontology and oral implantology: A scoping review
Authors: Mohammad‐Rahimi Hossein , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Pirayesh Zeynab , Haiat Anahita , Zahedrozegar Samira , Mahmoudinia Erfan , Rohban Mohammad Hossein , Krois Joachim , Lee Jae‐Hong , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has been employed for a wide range of tasks in dentistry. We aimed to systematically review studies employing DL for periodontal and implantological purposes. A systematic electronic search was conducted on four databases (Medline via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase) and a repository (ArXiv) for publications after 2010, without any limitation on language. In the present review, we included studies that reported deep learning models' performance on periodontal or oral implantological tasks. Given the heterogeneities in the included studies, no meta‐analysis was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 tool. We included 47 studies: focusing on imaging data (n = 20) and non‐imaging data in periodontology (n = 12), or dental implantology (n = 15). The detection of periodontitis and gingivitis or periodontal bone loss, the classification of dental implant systems, or the prediction of treatment outcomes in periodontology and implantology were major use cases. The performance of the models was generally high. However, it varied given the employed methods (which includes various types of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and multi‐layered perceptron (MLP)), the variety in specific modeling tasks, as well as the chosen and reported outcomes, outcome measures and outcome level. Only a few studies (n = 7) showed a low risk of bias across all assessed domains. A growing number of studies evaluated DL for periodontal or implantological objectives. Heterogeneity in study design, poor reporting and a high risk of bias severely limit the comparability of studies and the robustness of the overall evidence.
Evaluation of sources cited by an exotic animal formulary for supporting drug dosages and reference intervals in mammals
Authors: Golden O. , Kline S. , Tarpalechee L. , Brandão J. , Di Girolamo N. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesFormularies are intended to simplify clinical decision‐making by collecting evidence‐based information on drugs and their dosages. This study assessed the characteristics of sources used to support drug dosages and reference intervals for mammals in a specific exotic animal formulary, and how the sources had changed over five editions.MethodsEach reference supporting drug dosages and reference intervals in the sections for ferrets, rabbits, rodents, hedgehogs and miniature pigs in all five editions of the formulary was evaluated and classified by two independent investigators in terms of the type of source cited. Univariable and multi‐variable logistic regression models were built to evaluate changes between editions and sections.ResultsIn total, 1338 references supporting drug dosages and 180 references supporting reference intervals were included from all editions of the formulary. Primary sources were cited by 525 (39.2%) and 39 (21.7%) of the drug and reference interval references, respectively. For drug dosages, the current edition of the formulary (2018) cited a higher proportion of primary rather than secondary sources compared with the first edition (odds ratios 3.4, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 5.6), while for reference intervals there were no significant changes between editions. In the current edition of the formulary, the 168 secondary sources cited for drug dosages included 78 (46.4%) textbooks, 63 (37.5%) reviews, 14 (8.3%) personal communications and 7 (4.2%) other formularies.Clinical SignificanceA large proportion of references supporting drug dosages and reference intervals in the evaluated sections cited secondary sources. Although modest improvements have been observed over time, practitioners should be aware that the evidence supporting several drugs and dosages was limited, and assess the information within the formulary critically.
Dynamics of dwarf shrubs in Mediterranean high‐mountain ecosystems
Authors: De Toma Andrea , Carboni Marta , Bazzichetto Manuele , Malavasi Marco , Cutini Maurizio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuestionVegetation around the alpine–treeline ecotone faces changes in both climate and land use (i.e. grazing abandonment). Broad‐scale shrub encroachment is considered an effect of these changes, but it remains unclear how this process is mediated by local‐scale environmental heterogeneity. Our goal is to determine which local‐scale environmental factors shape the spatial distribution and temporal trends of alpine dwarf shrub vegetation dominated by Juniperus communis in Mediterranean mountains.LocationThree sites in the Central Apennine Mountain Range (Italy): Mt. Terminillo, Mt. Duchessa and Mt. Ernici.MethodsCombining a set of environmental variables obtained at a fine scale (25‐m resolution) from multi‐year remote sensing imagery and field‐collected vegetation data, we modelled the occurrence and cover of Juniperus communis‐dominated dwarf shrubland, as well as its change over time, as a function of local climate, topography and land use, using linear and generalized mixed effects models.ResultsOver a period of almost 60 years (1954–2012) shrubland occurrence increased by 12% and shrubland cover by 10% in our study sites. Its current distribution and change over time appear to be strongly shaped by the joint influences of fine‐scale topography, above‐ground biomass, land use and microclimate. Shrublands have been favoured locally in areas with harsher alpine environmental constraints and stronger resource limitations.ConclusionsOur study shows that in the Mediterranean high‐mountain environment J. communis dwarf shrubland acts as a stress‐tolerant pioneer vegetation, occurring in areas that are otherwise sparsely vegetated. Contrary to our expectations, at fine scales, warmer temperatures and the regional decline in grazing did not favour shrub encroachment. Despite increasing overall, J. communis shrubs have little competitive ability to successfully encroach grasslands, and remain restricted to less‐productive areas. Our results confirm that fine‐scale environmental heterogeneity can strongly influence shrub distribution and dynamics, thereby modulating future responses in evolving alpine ecosystems.
The illusion of choice: Organizational dependency and the neutralization of university sexual assault complaints
Authors: Bedera Nicole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn response to new regulations, universities have created multiple options for managing sexual misconduct complaints. These options are described as maximizing survivors' autonomy through feminist paradigms of choice. This study uses data from ethnographic observation and 76 interviews with survivors, perpetrators, and administrators to examine whether providing options gave survivors control over their complaints. The findings indicate that survivors found the complicated and vague sexual misconduct policies overwhelming and confusing. As a result, they became dependent on university actors in decision‐making, giving the university more control over survivors' complaints as institutional actors guided survivors to options that required minimal university action.
A reactive oxygen species Ca2+ signalling pathway identified from a chemical screen for modifiers of sugar‐activated circadian gene expression
Authors: Li Xiang , Deng Dongjing , Cataltepe Gizem , Román Ángela , Buckley Christopher R. , Cassano Monte‐Bello Carolina , Skirycz Aleksandra , Caldana Camila , Haydon Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Sugars are essential metabolites for energy and anabolism that can also act as signals to regulate plant physiology and development. Experimental tools to disrupt major sugar signalling pathways are limited. We performed a chemical screen for modifiers of activation of circadian gene expression by sugars to discover pharmacological tools to investigate and manipulate plant sugar signalling.

Using a library of commercially available bioactive compounds, we identified 75 confident hits that modified the response of a circadian luciferase reporter to sucrose in dark‐adapted Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We validated the transcriptional effect on a subset of the hits and measured their effects on a range of sugar‐dependent phenotypes for 13 of these chemicals. Chemicals were identified that appear to influence known and unknown sugar signalling pathways.

Pentamidine isethionate was identified as a modifier of a sugar‐activated Ca2+ signal that acts as a calmodulin inhibitor downstream of superoxide in a metabolic signalling pathway affecting circadian rhythms, primary metabolism and plant growth.

Our data provide a resource of new experimental tools to manipulate plant sugar signalling and identify novel components of these pathways.
The Arabidopsis IDD14 transcription factor interacts with bZIP‐type ABFs/AREBs and cooperatively regulates ABA‐mediated drought tolerance
Authors: Liu Jing , Shu Defeng , Tan Zilong , Ma Mei , Guo Ning , Gao Shan , Duan Guangyou , Kuai Benke , Hu Yuxin , Li Shipeng , Cui Dayong 
Published: July 2022

Summary

The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors mediate various aspects of plant growth and development. We previously reported that an Arabidopsis IDD subfamily regulates spatial auxin accumulation, and thus organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. However, its functions in stress responses are not well defined.

Here, we use a combination of physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to provide evidence that the IDD14 cooperates with basic leucine zipper‐type binding factors/ABA‐responsive element (ABRE)‐binding proteins (ABRE‐binding factors (ABFs)/AREBs) in ABA‐mediated drought tolerance.

idd14‐1D, a gain‐of‐function mutant of IDD14, exhibits decreased leaf water loss and improved drought tolerance, whereas inactivation of IDD14 in idd14‐1 results in increased transpiration and reduced drought tolerance. Altered IDD14 expression affects ABA sensitivity and ABA‐mediated stomatal closure. IDD14 can physically interact with ABF1–4 and subsequently promote their transcriptional activities. Moreover, ectopic expression and mutation of ABFs could, respectively, suppress and enhance plant sensitivity to drought stress in the idd14‐1 mutant.

Our results demonstrate that IDD14 forms a functional complex with ABFs and positively regulates drought‐stress responses, thus revealing a previously unidentified role of IDD14 in ABA signaling and drought responses.
Interactions of the protease inhibitor, ritonavir, with common anesthesia drugs
Authors: Svedmyr Anders , Hack Henrik , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe protease inhibitor, ritonavir, is a strong inhibitor of CYP 3A. The drug is used for management of the human immunovirus and is currently part of an oral antiviral drug combination (nirmatrelvir–ritonavir) for the early treatment of SARS‐2 COVID‐19‐positive patients aged 12 years and over who have recognized comorbidities. The CYP 3A enzyme system is responsible for clearance of numerous drugs used in anesthesia (e.g., alfentanil, fentanyl, methadone, rocuronium, bupivacaine, midazolam, ketamine). Ritonavir will have an impact on drug clearances that are dependent on ritonavir concentration, anesthesia drug intrinsic hepatic clearance, metabolic pathways, concentration‐response relationship, and route of administration. Drugs with a steep concentration‐response relationship (ketamine, midazolam, rocuronium) are mostly affected because small changes in concentration have major changes in effect response. An increase in midazolam concentration is observed after oral administration because CYP 3A in the gastrointestinal wall is inhibited, causing a large increase in relative bioavailability. Fentanyl infusion may be associated with a modest increase in plasma concentration and effect, but the large between subject variability of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concentration changes suggests it will have little impact on an individual patient, especially when used with adverse effect monitoring. It has been proposed that drugs that have no or only a small metabolic pathway involving the CYP 3A enzyme be used during anesthesia, for example, propofol, atracurium, remifentanil, and the volatile agents. That anesthesia approach denies children of drugs with considerable value. It is better that the inhibitory changes in clearance of these drugs are understood so that rational drug choices can be made to tailor drug use to the individual patient. Altered drug dose, anticipation of duration of effect, timing of administration, use of reversal agents and perioperative monitoring would better behoove children undergoing anesthesia.
Political consensus, economic reforms, and democratic transitions in the Middle East: Evidence from voting on Tunisian reform bills
Authors: Jouini Nizar , Ben Akal Manel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the role of political consensus in accelerating economic reforms and finds a significant negative effect of political consensus on the speed of reform votes in the parliament in Tunisia. We analyze the number of days until a reform bill was adopted in parliament to identify the causal effect of the consensus on accelerating reforms. Using an endogenous treatment effect model and an original database of reforms between 2012 and 2019 in Tunisia, we compare economic and social reforms with political reforms before and after the consensus. We find that political consensus is more likely to delay economic and social reforms than political reforms. This effect is driven mainly by informal mechanisms created by consensus and political instability that prevailed after the agreement. The findings indicate that consensus had a subversive effect on democratic institutions in Tunisia by creating informal processes that reduced public oversight, transparency, and law enforcement.Related ArticlesGazdar, Kaouthar, Rihab Grassa, and M. Kabir Hassan. 2021. “The Development of Islamic Finance in Tunisia after the Arab Spring: Does Political Islam Matter?” Politics & Policy 49(3): 682–707. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12408.Khodair, Amany Ahmed, Mostafa E. AboElsoud, and Mahmoud Khalifa. 2019. “The Role of Regional Media in Shaping Political Awareness of Youth: Evidence from Egypt.” Politics & Policy 47(6): 1095–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12335.Sarquís, David J. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 871–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x.
Cypress canker: An important disease discovered for the first time on a native South African tree
Authors: Wingfield Michael J. , Marincowitz Seonju , Pham Nam Q. , Roets Francois , Paap Trudy , Wingfield Brenda D. , Aylward Janneke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCypress canker is a branch and stem canker disease of Cupressaceae trees, particularly those in the genera Cupressus and Hesperocyparis. These trees have been planted in many parts of the world as ornamentals and the Seiridium species that cause the disease, consequently, also have an almost global distribution. The taxonomy of Seiridium species causing cypress canker has recently been revised and numerous species are now believed to cause the disease. This study describes, for the first time, cypress canker on the native South African Cupressaceae tree, Widdringtonia nodiflora. The aim was to identify the causal agent and confirm its pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for four regions identified the fungus as Seiridium neocupressi, a species previously known only from Australia, New Zealand and Italy. Field inoculations of W. nodiflora branches resulted in distinct cankers within 6 weeks and the fungus could be reisolated from the treated trees. Cypress canker has been known in South Africa for many decades, where it causes a serious disease on nonnative species of Cupressus, but it has never been found on native Cupressaceae. The newly discovered disease caused by a probable alien pathogen is of particular concern because only three species of Widdringtonia occur in South Africa and are important components of the native flora. The two other species, W. wallichii and W. schwartzii, occur in small endemic and threatened populations. The origin of S. neocupressi in South Africa and the relative susceptibility of the three Widdringtonia species, consequently, requires urgent attention.
Fact‐value framework for adjudicating public health policy debates
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Fox Ashley M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThat policy should be evidence‐based has become a widely accepted dictum, especially in public health, where evidence‐based policy is strongly emphasized. Yet, most public health controversies arise because there is a conflict over values, which facts alone cannot resolve. Moreover, promoting population‐based health interventions requires the art of political actors to arouse public support. In discussing this tension in public health, studies often frame value conflicts as a barrier to rational decision‐making rather than viewing value considerations as an inherent part of democratic policymaking. We argue that by failing to engage value‐conflicts directly, public health professionals actually stymie evidence translation, which requires public and political buy‐in. We suggest a two‐by‐two framework that seeks to make value concerns more explicit in public health policymaking by breaking out policy controversies and alternatives along two dimensions—factual debates and value debates, creating four categories: uncontested alternatives, value debates, fact debates, and contested alternatives. We demonstrate that the policies that are most likely to be contested are those with a strong value conflict and where the evidence‐base is less solid. We also show that the framework is dynamic: fact and value conflicts are neither static nor inevitable. Rather, interested actors use both fact and value to try to push issues from contested to uncontested and vice‐versa. We conclude by demonstrating how the framework can help specify the role of both value and fact debates in public health policymaking through examples from U.S. public health policy controversies, including during the present COVID‐19 crisis.
Secure attachment and social and personality outcomes: The moderating role of emerging adults’ autobiographical memories of parents
Authors: McGinley Meredith , Muzzy Brieanna M. , Hermann Miracle , Thompson Ross A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSchema‐congruent positive autobiographical memories of past experiences with parents, a legacy of secure attachment, may operate jointly with secure attachment to predict social and personality outcomes. The current study examines the moderating role of emerging adults’ autobiographical memories of parents on the relations between maternal and paternal attachment and self‐regulation, personal distress, and pathological narcissism. Undergraduates (N = 156, 66.7% female, 53.2% White, Mage = 19.3) completed a battery of measures assessing secure attachment, self‐regulation, personal distress, and pathological narcissism (vulnerable and grandiose). Participants were instructed to recall brief autobiographical memories of experiences with their parental figures. Later, they were asked to name the primary emotion associated with each memory. These emotions were coded as positive, negative, or neutral in valence. For the final analysis, a positive emotion index was constructed by subtracting the number of negative memories from the number of positive memories. Regression models simultaneously examining four outcomes (self‐regulation, personal distress, and vulnerable and grandiose narcissism) were examined for both female and male parental figures. Interactions between secure attachment and positive memories were only significant for maternal model outcomes. Secure attachment was positively related to self‐regulation, and negatively related to personal distress and vulnerable narcissism, when more relative positive memories were recalled. Taken together, this study provides support for the continued influence of secure attachment on social and personality outcomes in emerging adulthood. Further, this influence of secure attachment appears buttressed by readily accessible positive (relative to negative) memories of female attachment figures.