bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neue Wege für das Innovationsmanagement in KMU durch Blended Learning und firmenübergreifenden Austausch
Authors: Bosch Nico , Brandenburg Norbert , Enzler Stefan , Fischer Stephan , Kho Niklas , Lang-Koetz Claus , Luger Monika , Maier Peter , Reichmann Stefan , Reischl Annika , Weber Sabrina , Witzke Michael , Zwirner Tobias 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungKleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) sind aktuell mit unterschiedlichen Veränderungen ihres Umfelds konfrontiert, auch durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung von Prozessen, Produkten und Geschäftsmodellen. KMU stehen hier vor der Herausforderung besonders innovativ zu sein, um sowohl inkrementelle als auch radikale Innovationen hervorzubringen und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu sichern. Dies impliziert eine Weiterentwicklung des Innovationsmanagements, bezogen einerseits konkret auf den Innovationsprozess und seine Phasen und andererseits auf Rahmenbedingungen bzw. Voraussetzungen des Prozesses (prozessübergreifende Aspekte wie z. B. Strukturen, Kultur, Führung). KMU können zur Weiterentwicklung auf ein selbstorganisiertes Innovationsmanagement setzen; zentral sind hier individuelle Entscheidungskompetenzen der Mitarbeitenden für die Wahl adäquater Herangehensweisen im Innovationsmanagement – sowohl prozessbezogen als auch prozessübergreifend. Um dies zu unterstützen, wurde im Verbundprojekt InnoDiZ, bestehend aus drei Entwicklungspartnern und fünf Anwendungspartnern, eine Blended-Learning-Weiterbildung für Mitarbeitende in KMU entwickelt und erprobt, die sowohl prozessbezogene als auch prozessübergreifende Aspekte adressiert. Zentrale unterstützende Elemente bestehen in der Einbindung konkreter Innovationsprojekte der Teilnehmenden sowie der Ermöglichung eines firmenübergreifenden Austauschs. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt zu neuen Formen des Lernens in KMU, Austausch und Vernetzung sowie neuen Wegen für das Innovationsmanagement in KMU. Fallbeispiele der Anwendungspartner geben hierzu praxisnahe Einblicke. Schließlich werden Erfolgskriterien für die Weiterentwicklung des Innovationsmanagements aufgezeigt.
Cost effectiveness and health-related quality of life of chemoradiotherapy versus radiation therapy alone in elderly head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Sprave Tanja , Verma Vivek , Fabian Alexander , Rühle Alexander , Baltas Dimos , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Nicolay Nils H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radiotherapy (RT) constitutes a mainstay in the treatment of elderly patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), but use of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains controversial. We have conducted a prospective analysis based on real-world patient data to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cost effectiveness (CE) of CRT vs. RT in elderly HNC patients.

Methods
Eligible participants ≥ 65 years treated in a large tertiary cancer center between July 2019 and February 2020 who completed the validated EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (health state index [HI] and visual analog scale [VAS]) before and after RT were included. CE referred to direct medical costs, including diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based billings for inpatients and uniform assessment standard (EBM)-based costs for outpatients. The primary endpoint was cost (euros [€]) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Costs and QALYs were not discounted for short overall survival (OS).

Results
Baseline HRQoL was 0.878 (±0.11) in the CRT group and 0.857 (±0.17) in the RT group. Upon completion of therapy, HRQoL amounted to 0.849 (±0.14) in the CRT and 0.850 (±0.13) in the RT group. The mean treatment-related cost in the CRT cohort was €22,180.17 (±8325.26) vs. €18,027.87 (±26,022.48) in the RT group. The corresponding QALYs amounted to 2.62 in the CRT and 1.91 in the RT groups. The ICER was €5848.31.

Conclusion
This is the first analysis from the German health care system demonstrating that the addition of chemotherapy to RT for selected elderly HNC patients is cost effective and not associated with a significant HRQoL decline.
Inflammatory response to the ischaemia–reperfusion insult in the liver after major tissue trauma
Authors: Li Yang , Palmer Annette , Lupu Ludmila , Huber-Lang Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolytrauma is often accompanied by ischaemia–reperfusion injury to tissues and organs, and the resulting series of immune inflammatory reactions are a major cause of death in patients. The liver is one of the largest organs in the body, a characteristic that makes it the most vulnerable organ after multiple injuries. In addition, the liver is an important digestive organ that secretes a variety of inflammatory mediators involved in local as well as systemic immune inflammatory responses. Therefore, this review considers the main features of post-traumatic liver injury, focusing on the immuno-pathophysiological changes, the interactions between liver organs, and the principles of treatment deduced.MethodsWe focus on the local as well as systemic immune response involving the liver after multiple injuries, with emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms.ResultsAn overview of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of local as well as systemic immune responses involving the liver after multiple injuries, the latest research findings, and the current mainstream therapeutic approaches.ConclusionCross-reactivity between various organs and cascade amplification effects are among the main causes of systemic immune inflammatory responses after multiple injuries. For the time being, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unclear. Future work will continue to focus on identifying potential signalling pathways as well as target genes and intervening at the right time points to prevent more severe immune inflammatory responses and promote better and faster recovery of the patient.
Malaria-Antigene in der Ära der mRNA-Impfstoffe
Authors: Borkens Yannick 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungBereits in den frühen 1990er-Jahren wurde erstmals eine durch einen mRNA-Impfstoff ausgelöste Immunantwort beschrieben. Seitdem wurden mRNA-Impfstoffe für eine mögliche Prophylaxe erforscht und diskutiert. Doch erst mit der COVID-19-Pandemie erlebten diese Impfstoffe einen wahren Boom. Die ersten mRNA-Impfstoffe wurden gegen SARS-CoV‑2 zugelassen und zeigten große Erfolge. Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, dass sich die Hersteller auch auf andere Krankheiten und Pathogene konzentrieren. Neben viralen Krankheiten wie Influenza oder Aids steht Malaria weit oben auf dieser Liste. Viele Pharmaunternehmen (u. a. die deutschen Unternehmen BioNTech und CureVac) haben bereits bestätigt, an mRNA-Impfstoffen gegen Malaria zu forschen. Dabei ist die Entwicklung eines funktionierenden Impfstoffes gegen Malaria kein leichtes Unterfangen. Seit den 1960ern wird an möglichen Impfstoffen geforscht. Die Ergebnisse sind dabei eher ernüchternd. Erst 2015 erhielt der Impfstoff RTS,S/AS01 eine positive Bewertung der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur. Seitdem wird der Impfstoff in Afrika getestet.
Kombinierte intrapulmonale/intramediastinale K-Draht-Lage nach K-Draht-Osteosynthese an der Clavicula
Authors: Youssef Yasmin , Melcher Peter , Steinert Matthias , Metelmann Isabella , Hepp Pierre , Theopold Jan 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laterale Clavicula-Frakturen können abhängig von der Klassifikation sowohl konservativ oder operativ behandelt werden. Für die operative Versorgung sind verschiedene Operationstechniken beschrieben. Die Wahl einer Operationstechnik ist für das funktionelle Outcome und für einen komplikationsarmen Heilungsverlauf ausschlaggebend.

Fallbeschreibung
Vorgestellt wird der Fall einer Patientin mit einer sekundären Dislokation zweier K‑Drähte nach K‑Draht-Osteosynthese. Im Rahmen einer sekundären Dislokation kam es zu einem Wandern des Drahtes in das Mediastinum und das Lungengewebe direkt unter den Aortenbogen. Zur Verhinderung weiterer Verletzungen konnte das chirurgische Fremdmaterial über eine uniportale videoassistierte Thorakoskopie geborgen werden.

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Versorgung von lateralen Clavicula-Frakturen sollte auf eine instabile K‑Draht-Osteosynthese unbedingt verzichtet werden. Bei Vorliegen von sicheren Operationsverfahren (Plattenosteosynthese, Hybridversorgungen) sollten diese bevorzugt werden. Bei Durchführung primärer oder additiver K‑Draht-Osteosynthesen ist auf deren Sicherung z. B. durch Umbiegen zu achten, da es bei fehlerhafter Versorgung zu erheblichen Komplikationen, wie Pseudarthrose oder sekundären Dislokation des Materials, kommen kann.
Immunologie der Schwangerschaft: von lokalen und systemischen Protagonisten zum High-Content-Immunprofiling
Authors: Graf Isabel , Hecher Kurt , Arck Petra 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungEine zielgerichtete Adaptation des mütterlichen Immunsystems an die Schwangerschaft ist essenziell, um einen komplikationslosen Schwangerschaftsverlauf zu ermöglichen. Hierfür ist ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von fetalen Trophoblastzellen, mütterlichen Immunzellen und dezidualen Stromazellen an der fetomaternalen Grenzzone notwendig. Auch systemisch erfolgen grundlegende immunologische Veränderungen. Darüber hinaus unterliegt die mütterliche Immunantwort einer zeitlichen Dynamik und passt sich den wechselnden Anforderungen der fortschreitenden Schwangerschaft an. Weiterhin unterliegt die mütterliche Immunantwort der Modulation von multiplen Einflussfaktoren, z. B. Hormonen. Im Beitrag werden Kernaspekte der immunologischen Adaptation an die Schwangerschaft beleuchtet, neuartige technologische Ansätze des Monitorings vorgestellt und klinische Anwendungspotenziale diskutiert.
Trajectory prediction of three-dimensional forming tube based on Kalman filter
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Liang Bo , Yang Junzhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the prediction of forming trajectory and process optimization during the forming process for the variable curvature tubes. Firstly, through cubic B-spline interpolation, the geometric characteristics of the axis of the target tube are obtained. The whole tube is “separated and then integrated,” and the relationship between geometric parameters and processing parameters is established to obtain the initial process parameters. Based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, the motion model and observation model of tube forming are presented section by section, and the relevant calculation and analysis are carried out. The forming trajectory has been predicted; moreover, the processing parameters are optimized during the processing process, in which the effectiveness of the processing optimum scheme is illustrated.
Chemical composition and technofunctional properties of carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) pulp as affected by thermomechanical treatment
Authors: Trabert Antje , Schmid Vera , Keller Judith , Emin M. Azad , Bunzel Mirko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFiber rich by-products derived from primary agri-food production such as carrot pomace and potato pulp are available in large quantities, but their functional properties do not necessarily meet the requirements for use in specific food applications. Thermomechanical treatment (extrusion) of carrot pomace and potato pulp changes both dietary fiber polysaccharide structures and technofunctionality of the materials. Solubility of dietary fiber constituents changes, resulting in higher levels of water- and ethanol-soluble poly-/oligosaccharides. On a structural level, particularly arabinans and galactans as neutral side chains of type I rhamnogalacturonan were degraded under thermomechanical stress. Galacturonic acid portions (preferably from homogalacturonan or rhamnogalacturonan I) and their degree of methylation were also negatively affected. On a functional level, water absorption of potato pulp increased up to three times following extrusion, whereas water absorption of carrot pomace decreased with extrusion processing. The observed, enhanced swelling behavior for extruded carrot pomace was accompanied by higher complex viscosity of the dispersions. Swelling of potato pulp particles increased largely (up to 25 times) following extrusion, resulting in highly viscous pastes. Phytochemicals were retained up to 50%, heat-induced contaminants were formed only to a small extent (up to 8.1 mg 5-hydroxymethylfurfural·kg− 1 dry matter for carrot pomace; up to 71 µg acrylamide·kg− 1 dry matter for potato pulp).
Graphical abstract
Fracture Risk and Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Authors: Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Betson Amelia G. , Anderson Kara B. , Sepetavc Filip , Gaston James , Kotowicz Mark A. , Liao Wan-Hui , Henneberg Maciej , Pasco Julie A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMedications used to treat hypertension may affect fracture risk. This study investigated fracture risk for users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). Participants (899 men, median age 70.3 yr (59.9–79.1), range 50.0–96.6 yr; 574 women, median age 65.5 yr (58.1–75.4), range 50.1–94.6 yr) were from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Medication use was self-reported and incident fractures were ascertained using radiological reports. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck. Participants were divided into four groups: (1) non-users without hypertension, (2) non-users with hypertension, (3) ACEI users and (4) ARB users. Dosage was calculated using the defined daily dose (DDD) criteria. Participants were followed from date of visit to first fracture, death or 31 December 2016, whichever occurred first. Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses. At least one incident fracture was sustained by 156 men and 135 women over a median(IQR) of 11.5(6.2–13.2) and 10.9(6.3–11.6) years of follow-up, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, compared to non-users without hypertension, men in all three other groups had a higher risk of fracture (Hazard Ratio (HR, 95%CI) 1.54, 1.00–2.37; 1.90, 1.18–3.05; 2.15, 1.26–3.66), for non-users with hypertension, ACEI and ARB users, respectively). Following adjustment for age, prior fracture and BMD, these associations became non-significant. A dose effect for ARB use was observed; men using lower doses had a higher risk of fracture than non-users without hypertension, in both unadjusted (2.66, 1.34–5.29) and adjusted (2.03, 1.01–4.08) analyses, but this association was not observed at higher doses. For women, unadjusted analyses showed a higher risk for ACEI users compared to non-users without hypertension (1.74, 1.07–2.83). This was explained after adjustment for age, alcohol consumption, prior fracture and BMD (1.28, 0.74–2.22). No other differences were observed. In men, lower dose (0 < DDD ≤ 1) ARB use was associated with an increased risk of fracture. ACEI or ARB use was not associated with increased risk of incident fracture in women. These findings may be important for antihypertensive treatment decisions in individuals with a high risk of fracture.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of imatinib in healthy subjects receiving a single dose of 400 mg
Authors: Chien Yi-Han , Würthwein Gudrun , Zubiaur Pablo , Posocco Bianca , Pena María Ángeles , Borobia Alberto M. , Gagno Sara , Abad-Santos Francisco , Hempel Georg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Imatinib is indicated for treatment of CML, GIST, etc. The population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of imatinib in patients under long-term treatment are reported in literature. Data obtained from bioequivalence trials for healthy subjects were used to evaluate the influence of demographic and pharmacogenetic factors on imatinib pharmacokinetics (PK) in a collective without concurrent drugs, organ dysfunction, inflammation etc. In addition, the differences in PK between the healthy subjects and a patient cohort was examined to identify possible disease effects.

Methods
26 volunteers were administered orally with single dose of 400 mg imatinib. 16–19 plasma samples per volunteer were collected from 0.5 up to 72 h post-dose. The popPK was built and post hoc estimates were compared with previously published PK parameters evaluated by non-compartmental analysis in the same cohort. The predictivity of the model for data collected from 40 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors at steady state was evaluated.

Results
The popPK was best described by a two-compartment transit model with first-order elimination. No significant covariates were identified, probably due to the small cohort and the narrow range of demographic covariates; CYP3A5 phenotypes appeared to have some influence on the clearance of imatinib. Good agreement between non-compartment and popPK analyses was observed with the differences of the geometric means/ median of PK estimates below 10%. The model indicated lower clearance for patients compared to healthy volunteers (p value < 0.01).

Conclusion
The two-compartment transit model adequately describes the absorption and distribution of imatinib in healthy volunteers. For patients, a lower clearance of imatinib compared to healthy volunteer was estimated by the model. The model can be applied for dose individualization based on trough concentrations assuming no significant differences in absorption between patients and healthy volunteers.
Prospective analysis of pain expectancy and experience during MR-fusion prostate biopsy: does reality match patients’ expectancy?
Authors: Krausewitz Philipp , Schmeller Helene , Luetkens Julian , Dabir Darius , Ellinger Jörg , Ritter Manuel , Conrad Rupert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging fusion targeted prostate biopsy (MR-TB) has emerged to the biopsy technique of choice for evaluation of patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCA). The study aimed to determine expected and experienced pain during MR-TB depending on patients’ psychological state.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 108 men with suspicion of PCA who underwent MR-TB. All patients completed self-reported validated questionnaires assessing pain, stress, self-efficacy, anxiety and study-specific questionnaires on expected and experienced pain before, during and after MR-TB. Patient characteristics and survey scores were obtained.

Results
Overall, pain levels during MR-TB were low (mean 2.8/10 ± 2.5 Numerical Rating Scale, NRS). 10/86 (11.6%) participants reported severe pain (≥ 7/10 NRS). Pain correlated significantly with anxiety (r = 0.42), stress (r = 0.22) and pain expectancy (r = 0.58). High self-efficacy did not show increased pain resilience. Participants anticipated more pain than experienced during each step of MR-TB with significant differences concerning local anesthesia and core sampling (both p < 0.001), among others. Expectancy and actual pain did not match regarding severity and impact of the total amount of cores taken (p < 0.05). Independent predictors of increased pain at biopsy were prostate volume > 50 ml (p = 0.0179) and expected pain during rectal manipulation (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Pain during MR-TB can be positively influenced by reducing men’s anxiety, stress and pain expectancy. To meet the needs of the audience, clinicians should address concrete pain levels of each procedural step and consider special treatment for patients with prostate volume > 50 ml and men reporting on increased rectal sensitivity.
Engpässe bei der Verfügbarkeit von ophthalmologischen Medikamenten
Authors: Herwig-Carl M. C. , Loeffler K. U. , Schulze I. , Holz F. G. , Geerling G. 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Engpässe bei der medikamentösen Versorgung im ophthalmologischen Bereich nehmen in Deutschland kontinuierlich zu. Bislang wurden diese kaum kommuniziert und diskutiert. In der transparenten Darstellung der Problematik sehen wir den ersten Schritt, damit Konzepte erarbeitet werden können, die dieser Entwicklung gegensteuern.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgt eine Darstellung der Engpässe bei ophthalmologischen Medikamenten.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgen eine Auflistung und Diskussion der uns bekannten Engpässe in der medikamentösen Versorgung.

Ergebnisse
Wir unterscheiden die Engpässe in (1) Lieferengpässe, (2) Einstellung der Produktion, (3) fehlende Verfügbarkeit in Deutschland, (4) Herstellung von Medikamenten in spezialisierten Apotheken bei oft fehlender Zulassung für die ophthalmologische Indikation.

Diskussion
Die Gründe für die Medikamentenversorgung in der Augenheilkunde sind vielschichtig, und dementsprechend sind auch keine einfachen Lösungen zu erwarten. Industrie und ordnungspolitische Instanzen auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene sind jedoch aufgefordert, hier gemeinsam mit den ophthalmologischen Gesellschaften die zugrunde liegenden Probleme zu analysieren und entsprechende Lösungswege zu finden.
On the Influences of Urbanization on the Extreme Rainfall over Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021: A Convection-Permitting Ensemble Modeling Study
Authors: Luo Yali , Zhang Jiahua , Yu Miao , Liang Xudong , Xia Rudi , Gao Yanyu , Gao Xiaoyu , Yin Jinfang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale [1-km resolution in the innermost domain (d3)]. Two ensembles of simulation (CTRL, NURB), each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes, were conducted using different land cover scenarios: (i) the real urban land cover, (ii) all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover. The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region, although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members. The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%, and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15–70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB. The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south, southeast, and east of Zhengzhou. Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas. As a result, the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe (equivalent potential temperature) air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.
An object-based climatology of precipitation systems in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ayat Hooman , Evans Jason P. , Sherwood Steven C. , Soderholm Joshua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe climate is warming and this is changing some aspects of storms, but we have relatively little knowledge of storm characteristics beyond intensity, which limits our understanding of storms overall. In this study, we apply a cell-tracking algorithm to 20 years of radar data at a mid-latitude coastal-site (Sydney, Australia), to establish a regional precipitation system climatology. The results show that extreme storms in terms of translation-speed, size and rainfall intensity usually occur in the warm season, and are slower and more intense over land between ~ 10 am and ~ 8 pm (AEST), peaking in the afternoon. Precipitation systems are more frequent in the cold season and often initiate over the ocean and move northward, leading to precipitation mostly over the ocean. Using clustering algorithms, we have found five precipitation system types with distinct properties, occurring throughout the year but peaking in different seasons. While overall rainfall statistics don't show any link to climate modes, links do appear for some system types using a multivariate approach. This climatology for a variety of precipitation system characteristics will allow future study of any changes in these characteristics due to climate change.