bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different extraction methods on contents, profiles, and antioxidant abilities of free and bound phenolics of Sargassum polycystum from the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Yujiao , Gao Heqi , Wang Yuxi , Peng Ziting , Guo Zhiqiang , Ma Yongxuan , Zhang Ruifen , Zhang Mingwei , Wu Qian , Xiao Juan , Zhong Qiuping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTotal phenolic content (TPC), phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of free and bound extracts of Sargassum polycystum, obtained by different extraction solvents and hydrolysis methods, were investigated. Aqueous acetone afforded the highest free TPC and antioxidant ability, followed by aqueous ethanol and aqueous methanol. Twelve free phenolic compounds were identified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS), including two hydroxycinnamic acids, seven flavonoids, one stilbene, and two phlorotannins. Three to nine different free phenolic compounds were extracted by these solvents with different compositions, including nine by 70% acetone and eight by 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% ethanol. The highest total content of free phenolic compounds determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection was obtained from 70% ethanol. Alkaline hydrolysis afforded higher bound TPC (274.27 mg GAE/100 g DW) and antioxidant ability than acid hydrolysis. Five bound phenolic compounds were characterized by UHPLC‐MS and five were released from alkaline hydrolysis, whereas two were released from acid hydrolysis. Total content of bound phenolic compounds released by alkaline hydrolysis was 14.68‐fold higher than that by acid hydrolysis. The free and bound TPC, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activities depended on the extraction solvent used. These results indicate that S. polycystum is a potentially useful antioxidant source and contribute to the development of seaweed‐based functional foods.Practical ApplicationPhenolics are usually divided into free and bound forms based on their extractability and interaction with cell wall components. The nutritional effects of bound phenolics in algae have long been neglected. These topics contribute to the development of seaweed‐based functional foods.
Serum IL‐35 levels is a new candidate biomarker of cancer‐related cachexia in stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Zengxun , Zhu Lei , Zheng Han , Jiang Wenna , Wang Yifei , Jiang Zhansheng , Xu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐related cachexia is a major cause of treatment resistance and poor prognosis, which is characterized by anorexia and skeletal muscle depletion. To date, there have been no reports on the relationship between IL‐35 and cancer‐related cachexia in patients with stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer.MethodsSerum IL‐35 levels in 86 patients with stage IV NSCLC were measured and statistically analyzed based on patients' clinicopathological parameters. Serum albumin levels, C‐reactive protein, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) of the patients were also determined. In vivo studies using a mouse model were also conducted by subcutaneously injecting immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with overexpressing IL‐35 cell lines and determining their daily food intake, bodyweight and muscle atrophy. Cachexia indicators were measured again after administering the mice with an anti‐IL35 neutralizing antibody.ResultsPatients with stage IV NSCLC had significantly higher serum IL‐35 levels than the healthy controls. Similarly, circulating IL‐35 levels were significantly higher in patients with cachexia than those without. The SMI values of patients with high serum IL‐35 levels were significantly lower than those with low serum IL‐35 levels. Mice subcutaneously injected with LLC PLV‐IL‐35 cell lines exhibited anorexia, weight loss, and muscle atrophy. Moreover, these symptoms were significantly reduced after administering the mice with an anti‐IL35 neutralizing antibody.ConclusionsThis study reveals that high serum IL‐35 expression is associated with non‐small cell lung cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle atrophy. These findings highlight its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for controlling cachexia of advanced lung cancer.
Letter: predictive role of magnetic resonance elastography in chronic liver disease—still a long way to go. Authors' reply
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Higuchi Mayu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: February 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Higuchi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16771
Comparison of laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair in adults: A retrospective cohort study using a medical claims database
Authors: Yoneyama Tetsuji , Nakashima Masayuki , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate and compare the surgical complications following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) with those following open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study based on nationwide claims data. We extracted the data of patients aged ≥20 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair (IHR) between 2009 and 2020. The primary outcome was postoperative complications of IHR, and the secondary outcomes were recurrence of hernia and length of hospital stay. Patient characteristics were adjusted with propensity score (PS) matching, the annual proportions of LIHR versus OIHR were summarized, and the surgical outcomes of each IHR were analyzed.ResultsOf the 15 728 eligible patients, 6512 underwent LIHR. The proportion of LIHR increased from 14.7% to 52.8% annually during the study period. From the analysis of 6060 pairs created by PS matching, the risk of surgical site infection (odds ratio [OR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.86; P = .0007), and acute postoperative pain (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.60–0.79; P < .0001), and chronic postoperative pain (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.98; P = .0291) were significantly lower with LIHR than with OIHR. The recurrent rate was not significantly different between the LIHR and OIHR groups (OR, 0.68; 95% CI 0.45–1.01; P = .0558). Furthermore, no significant difference was found in the length of hospital stay between the LIHR and OIHR groups (2.91 ± 1.94 days vs 2.97 ± 2.61 days, difference ± SE: 0.06 ± 0.04, P = .1307).ConclusionLIHR might be superior to OIHR in terms of fewer surgical complications and might be preferred over OIHR in the future.
Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling on Complex-Valued fMri Signals via Kernel Convolutions
Authors: Yu Cheng-Han , Prado Raquel , Ombao Hernando , Rowe Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose a model-based approach that combines Bayesian variable selection tools, a novel spatial kernel convolution structure, and autoregressive processes for detecting a subject's brain activation at the voxel level in complex-valued functional magnetic resonance imaging (CV-fMRI) data. A computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior inference is developed by taking advantage of the dimension reduction of the kernel-based structure. The proposed spatiotemporal model leads to more accurate posterior probability activation maps and less false positives than alternative spatial approaches based on Gaussian process models, and other complex-valued models that do not incorporate spatial and/or temporal structure. This is illustrated in the analysis of simulated data and human task-related CV-fMRI data. In addition, we show that complex-valued approaches dominate magnitude-only approaches and that the kernel structure in our proposed model considerably improves sensitivity rates when detecting activation at the voxel level.
A Joint Fairness Model with Applications to Risk Predictions for Underrepresented Populations
Authors: Do Hyungrok , Nandi Shinjini , Putzel Preston , Smyth Padhraic , Zhong Judy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn data collection for predictive modeling, underrepresentation of certain groups, based on gender, race/ethnicity, or age, may yield less accurate predictions for these groups. Recently, this issue of fairness in predictions has attracted significant attention, as data-driven models are increasingly utilized to perform crucial decision-making tasks. Existing methods to achieve fairness in the machine learning literature typically build a single prediction model in a manner that encourages fair prediction performance for all groups. These approaches have two major limitations: (i) fairness is often achieved by compromising accuracy for some groups; (ii) the underlying relationship between dependent and independent variables may not be the same across groups. We propose a joint fairness model (JFM) approach for logistic regression models for binary outcomes that estimates group-specific classifiers using a joint modeling objective function that incorporates fairness criteria for prediction. We introduce an accelerated smoothing proximal gradient algorithm to solve the convex objective function, and present the key asymptotic properties of the JFM estimates. Through simulations, we demonstrate the efficacy of the JFM in achieving good prediction performance and across-group parity, in comparison with the single fairness model, group-separate model, and group-ignorant model, especially when the minority group's sample size is small. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the JFM method in a real-world example to obtain fair risk predictions for underrepresented older patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Exploring links between social identity, emotion regulation, and loneliness in those with and without a history of mental illness
Authors: Hayes Shaun , Carlyle Molly , Haslam S. Alexander , Haslam Catherine , Dingle Genevieve 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveEmotion regulation and social identity theorizing provide two influential perspectives on loneliness. From an emotion regulation perspective, loneliness is understood as a negative emotional state that can be managed using emotion regulation strategies. A social identity perspective views loneliness as resulting from a loss or lack of important social groups and related identities. This study aimed to explore the relationships between key constructs drawn from both perspectives, with a view to understanding loneliness in adults with and without a history of mental illness.Design and MethodsParticipants (N = 875) with a mental illness history (MH Hx, n = 217; Mage = 45 years, 59% female) and without a mental illness history (No MH Hx, n = 658; Mage = 47 years, 48% female) completed a survey comprising measures of group membership and connectedness, emotion regulation strategies, and loneliness.ResultsThe MH Hx group reported higher internal affect worsening strategy use and loneliness than those No MH Hx. Hierarchical regressions indicated that the unique contributions of emotion regulation strategies and social identity factors to loneliness were equivalent between the groups. Together, social identity and emotion regulation explained 37% of the variance in loneliness in the No MH Hx subsample and 35% in the MH Hx subsample.ConclusionThese findings suggest that both emotion regulation and social identity had significant unique contributions to the reported loneliness of people when controlling for demographics and each other in those with and without a history of mental illness. Integration of the two frameworks may provide novel avenues for the prevention and management of loneliness.Practitioner points

Individuals with a history of mental illness report more use of internal emotion worsening regulation strategies and greater loneliness than those with no such history, but there were no differences in social identity factors.

Internal emotion worsening strategies and social support received from others explained the variance in reported loneliness for both those with and without a history of mental illness.

Internal emotion improving strategies were significant for those with a history of mental illness, while social support given was significant for those without a history of mental illness.

Screening clients for emotion regulation difficulties, social disconnectedness, and loneliness may provide clinicians with an indication of risk for developing psychological distress/disorders.
Pre‐versus postnatal presentation of posterior urethral valves: a multi‐institutional experience
Authors: Yadav Priyank , Rickard Mandy , Weaver John , Chua Michael , Kim Jin Kyu , Khondker Adree , Milford Karen , Keefe Daniel T. , Lolas Marisol , Dos Santos Joana , Erdman Lauren , Skreta Marta , Selman Antoine Fermin , Ashwal Eran , Viteri Bernarda , Ryan Greg , Tasian Gregory , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of pre‐ vs postnatally diagnosed posterior urethral valves (PUV) at two large paediatric centres in North America to ascertain if the prenatal diagnosis of PUV is associated with better outcomes.Patients and MethodsAll boys with PUV were identified at two large paediatric institutions in North America between 2000 and 2020 (The Hospital for Sick Children [SickKids, SK] and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [CHOP]). Baseline characteristics and outcome measures were compared between those diagnosed pre‐ vs postnatally. Main outcomes of interest included progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), and bladder function compromise, as determined by need for clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC). Time‐to‐event analyses were completed when possible.ResultsDuring the study period, 152 boys with PUV were treated at the SK (39% prenatal) and 216 were treated at the CHOP (71% prenatal). At the SK, there was no difference between the pre‐ and postnatal groups in the proportion of boys who required RRT, progressed to CKD Stage ≥3, or who were managed with CIC when comparing the timing of diagnosis. The time to event for RRT and CIC was significantly younger for prenatally detected PUV. At the CHOP, significantly more prenatal boys required RRT; however, there was no significant difference in the age this outcome was reached. The proportion of boys managed with CIC was not different but the time to event was significantly earlier in the prenatal group.ConclusionThis study represents the largest multi‐institutional series of boys with PUV and failed to identify any difference in the outcomes of pre‐ vs postnatal detection of PUV. A multidisciplinary approach with standardisation of the treatment pathways will help in understanding the true impact of prenatal/early detection on outcomes of PUV.
Partial agreement between task and BRIEF‐P‐based EF measures depends on school socioeconomic status
Authors: Nin Verónica , Delgado Hernán , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Carboni Alejandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExecutive functions (EF), either conceptualized as skills involved in regulation of cognition and emotion in service of goal‐oriented behavior, or reductively as working memory, flexibility and inhibitory control, are commonly invoked constructs in developmental science. Two main traditions on EFs measurement prevail, one consisting of ratings obtained through questionnaires that inquire on behavior in common situations, the other based on performance in laboratory tasks. Whether both types of assessment actually refer to the same constructs is not consensual. Further, the role of school context in the degree of correspondence between both types of measures remains largely unexplored. Here, we show in a sample of over 220 children (age M = 5.6, SD = 0.4 years), by means of multilevel models, that whether EF tasks can predict BRIEF‐P ratings and vice‐versa, depends on the process considered and on the school SES. Inhibitory control, planning, and global executive functioning are associated with BRIEF‐P ratings in all schools. In contrast, we found no association among measures of flexibility independently of school SES. For working memory, we found that questionnaire rating predicts span only in high SES schools, but span predicts behaviors across schools. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature that proposes constructs assessed by questionnaires and tasks only partially overlap and suggests that school SES may be a relevant factor to consider when questionnaires are answered by teachers.
Deep brain stimulation as a palliative treatment for myorhythmia: A case of failure
Authors: Mosteiro Alejandra , Compta Yaroslau , Valldeoriola Francesc , Rumià Jordi , Roldán Pedro , Vollmer Iván , Vilaseca Isabel , Llull Barbara Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMyorhythmia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that derives from a disruption of the Guillain–Mollaret triangle, due to an identifiable structural lesion. It is often disabling and with disappointing control under medical treatment.MethodsHerein, a case of myorhythmia secondary to a vascular insult in the brainstem is reported and an unsuccessful attempt to palliate it with functional neurosurgery.ResultsA 67‐year‐old man displayed a repetitive, rhythmic, slow 2–3 Hz movement, 6 months after suffering a pontomesencephalic hypertensive haematoma. The kinetic phenomenon affected the orbicular and low facial muscles, the neck, the thorax and the upper limbs. Furthermore, he exhibited tremor of the soft palate and pendular nystagmus. On T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olivary complex was seen. He was diagnosed with secondary myorhythmia and multiple pharmacological treatments were tested, but failed. Ultimately, deep brain stimulation with bilateral electrodes placed in the thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus was offered. Unfortunately, no alleviation of the symptoms was achieved other than mild improvement in involuntary eye movements.ConclusionsThis is the first case to report the use of deep brain stimulation for myorhythmia. Better understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition, and localization of the pacemaker, may allow identification of reliable neurosurgical therapeutic targets.
Relationship between scalp histamine levels and dandruff within an Indian population: A confirmation study using LC/MS/MS method
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Sudhahar , Vedula Sriram Krishna , Bourokba Nasrine , Ngo TraMy , Jourdain Roland , Eilstein Joan , Choudhury Ratnadeep Paul , Roy Nita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDandruff is a common and challenging complaint associated with type of scalp, skin and population. Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a more severe manifestation of dandruff associated with very severe itching and inflammation. Histamine is an interesting biomarker released in scalp affected by dandruff and SD even though the mechanism is not well understood yet. A monocentre clinical study was conducted to confirm the relationship between dandruff/SD and scalp histamine level in an Indian population. Highly sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for histamine quantification in scalp from samples obtained non‐invasively. Results showed that scalps with dandruff and mild to moderate SD had higher histamine levels compared with healthy scalps.
Understanding family life during the COVID‐19 shutdown
Authors: Singletary Britt , Schmeer Kammi K. , Purtell Kelly M. , Sayers Robin C. , Justice Laura M. , Lin Tzu‐Jung , Jiang Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur study investigates how changes in family contexts were associated with child behaviors during Ohio's COVID‐19 shutdown of early 2020.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused major economic and social changes for families. Rapid research was conducted to assess these changes and their potential impacts on child behaviors.MethodUsing a diverse sample of families with children aged birth to 9 years (N = 559), we describe key economic changes and parent‐reported stressors experienced during Ohio's shutdown period. Then, we use regression models to examine how these family conditions were associated with child emotional distress and changes in sleep routines.ResultsWhen parents experienced more total COVID‐19 pandemic‐related stressors, they also reported that their children exhibited more anxious and withdrawn, fearful, acting out, and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related behaviors (p < 0.01).ConclusionFamilies and children living at home in Ohio experienced significant stress during the shutdown. These findings can be used to inform future studies of the social and economic consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for parents and children.ImplicationsFamilies and children have experienced multiple stressors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Researchers and practitioners should continue to monitor and support families and children to mitigate potential lasting consequences.
Limited effect of wood ash application on soil quality as indicated by a multisite assessment of soil organic matter attributes
Authors: Joseph Ruth , Diochon Amanda , Morris Dave , Venier Lisa , Emilson Caroline E. , Basiliko Nathan , Bélanger Nicolas , Jones Trevor , Markham John , Rutherford Michael P. , Smenderovac Emily , Van Rees Ken , Hazlett Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Canada, the combustion of forest biomass for bioenergy production has been increasing with an associated increase in residual wood ash. Wood ash is typically landfilled as waste but there is growing interest in applying wood ash to the soils of commercial forests. Ideally, wood ash supplies nutrients that may have been removed through biomass harvesting, increases soil pH, which improves nutrient availability, and potentially improves site productivity, but there is also potential for detrimental effects, such as toxicity, that impair soil functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wood ash application on soil organic matter attributes at eight experimental sites across Canada that are examining the effects of wood ash application on site fertility, productivity, and soil biodiversity. Wood ash application had an effect on total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), hot water extractable carbon (HWEC), mineralizable C, sand size C, and HWEC and MBC normalized to TC, but changes were typically restricted to single sites or differed in their direction, that is, positive or negative. Based on the limited and inconsistent effects of ash on established indictors of soil quality measured in this study, there does not appear to be any advantageous or detrimental effects of adding wood ash to forest soil quality.