bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Morphology Control by Design
Authors: Suresh Kuthuru , Kalenak Andre P. , Sotuyo Ania , Matzger Adam J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExerting morphological control over metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical for determining their catalytic performance and to optimize their packing behavior in areas from separations to fuel gas storage. A mechanism‐based approach to tailor the morphology of MOFs is introduced and experimentally demonstrated for five cubic Zn4O‐based MOFs. This methodology provides three key features: 1) computational screening for selection of appropriate additives to change crystal morphology based on knowledge of the crystal structure alone; 2) use of additive to metal cluster geometric relationships to achieve morphologies expressing desired crystallographic facets; 3) potential for suppression of interpenetration for certain phases.
Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes Templated Hollow C@MnO Nanospheres as Sulfur Host Materials for Li−S Batteries
Authors: Xie Dongjiu , Jouini Oumeima , Mei Shilin , Quan Ting , Xu Yaolin , Kochovski Zdravko , Lu Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLi−S battery has been considered as the next‐generation energy storage device, which still suffers from the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In this work, mesoporous hollow carbon‐coated MnO nanospheres (C@MnO) have been designed and synthesized using spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) as template, KMnO4 as MnO precursor, and polydopamine as carbon source to improve the electrochemical performance of Li−S battery. The hollow C@MnO nanospheres enable the combination of physical confinement and chemical adsorption of the LiPSs. The thin carbon coating layer can provide good electrical conductivity and additional physical confinement to polysulfides. Moreover, the encapsulated MnO inside the carbon shell exhibits strong chemical adsorption to polysulfides. The constructed C@MnO/S cathode shows the discharge capacity of 1026 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with 79% capacity retention after 80 cycles. The synthesized hollow C@MnO nanoparticles can work as highly efficient sulfur host materials, providing an effective solution to suppress the shuttle effect in Li−S battery.
Exciton Dynamics in Mn/Ni Dual‐doped Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Saha Avijit , Gahlot Kushagra , Viswanatha Ranjani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoping transition metal impurities in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has been shown to offer an effective handle over their electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Incorporation of more than one type of transition ions in same QDs is nontrivial due to different thermodynamic constraints, however, it can provide attractive properties and insights to meet recent challenges in the field of luminescent and magnetic materials. Herein, we present a solution‐processed controlled synthesis of Mn and Ni codoped CdS colloidal QDs which show dual emission due to two different impurities. Controlled doping helps to understand the decay dynamics of exciton through various decay channels. Based on the competition between Mn and Ni dopant states, we observe reliable signatures for the short‐lived transient charge transfer of the photogenerated hole to the excited state of Mn and then to the Ni state. Along with the interesting excitonic dynamics, we also observe significant enhancement of magnetization due to the codoping.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Peptide‐Drug Conjugate for Mitochondria‐Specific Chemotherapy
Authors: Ji Lei , Li Zhi‐Xiang , Cheng Dong‐Bing , Zhang Xue‐Hao , Liu Junan , Yang Zixin , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemotherapy is one of the main means in clinical cancer treatment, but the efficient and precise delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs remains a key bottleneck. The precise delivery of nanomedicines to the mitochondria may achieve unexpected therapeutic effect, and peptides are considered as a promising class of mitochondrial targeting molecules. In this paper, we reported a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive peptide‐drug conjugate (PDC, CPT‐TK‐KLAK) self‐delivery system, where a mitochondria‐targeted peptide (KLAK, sequence: (KLAKLAK)2) is linked to the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) via a ROS responsive unit. The release amount of CPT from CPT‐TK‐KLAK in the 1 mM H2O2 solution was ca. 90% in 24 h, while CPT‐CC‐KLAK barely released CPT in 1 mM H2O2 solution. Therefore, after targeting to the mitochondria of HeLa cells, CPT‐TK‐KLAK can specifically release CPT under overproduced ROS, which in turn destroys mitochondria and induces ROS burst, causing HeLa cells apoptosis. As a result, CPT‐TK‐KLAK exhibits high cytotoxicity to HeLa cells with an IC50 of 0.37 μM, which is 9‐fold lower than free CPT. This ROS‐responsive PDC can also be applied for the targeted delivery of other chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis in female patients with nipple discharge
Authors: Barsic Ostojic Sanja , Grbanovic Lora , Tonklin Ana , Kovacevic Lucija , Marusic Zlatko , Prutki Maja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNipple discharge is one of the most common symptoms related to the breast, but it is a presenting feature of breast cancer in 5%–12% of women.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the evaluation of patients with nipple discharge and to compare it with mammography (MMG), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods and ResultsThis retrospective study included 53 patients with nipple discharge. All patients underwent DBT, and results were compared to MMG, breast US, and MRI. Radiological findings for each method were categorized according to BI‐RADS classification: categories 1–2 were considered negative and categories 3–5 positive. If a tissue specimen was obtained, the final diagnosis was established based on the results of histopathological analysis; otherwise, a clinical follow‐up was required for at least 2 years to confirm benign radiological findings. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of DBT, MMG, US, and MRI were calculated and compared.ResultsFinal histopathological analysis revealed six malignant breast lesions, all of which were detected in patients with pathologic nipple discharge. DBT and MRI exhibited high sensitivity (100%) and high negative predictive value (100%) for the detection of breast cancer in patients with nipple discharge. DBT showed higher specificity compared to MRI (82.9% vs. 61.9%). Sensitivity and specificity of MMG were 83.3% and 76.6%, respectively. Breast US was determined to have a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 57.5%.ConclusionDBT exhibited higher specificity than MRI at the same level of sensitivity and negative predictive value. Therefore, the use of DBT should be considered as an alternative to MRI in the assessment of patients with nipple discharge.
Wilms tumour treatment in Sudan: A 10‐year single‐centre experience
Authors: Abdalla Mohammed , Hameed Somaya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Sudan, the survival of Wilms tumour was reported as 11% in a 2008 study. The impact of establishing paediatric oncology service on survival is studied, and the obstacles of treating Wilms tumour patients were identified.AimThis study investigates Wilms tumour treatment outcomes over 10 years at Khartoum Oncology Hospital (KOH).MethodsAll Wilms tumour patients from 2005 to 2014 were analysed retrospectively. Patients received treatment based on the NWTS IV protocol. Patients were analysed for overall survival, and event‐free survival and these outcomes were correlated with age, sex, stage at presentation, and histology.ResultsWe analysed 143 files of Wilms tumour patients. The male to female ratio is 1.75. The mean age of patients at diagnosis is 3.5 years. The follow‐up period is 5 years. Most patients (83%) had advanced disease stage 3, and 4. There is a very high abandonment rate 61 (42.6%). The event‐free survival among patients who completed treatment is 75.6%, and is 43.4% for all the (143) patients.Conclusions“After initiation of the paediatric oncology service, the survival of Wilms tumour in Sudan is 43%. Abandonment of treatment remains high. Opportunity remains to reduce abandonment and establish a surgical paediatric oncology service to improve outcomes further.”
An abdominal wall neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jagiella‐Lodise Olivia , Jagiella Valerie , Weitman Evan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous system. NETs, often found in the gastrointestinal tract, can be found anywhere in the body, and have metastatic potential. NETs occasionally present with metastatic disease without an identifiable primary tumor.CaseA 79‐year‐old female patient presented with an abdominal wall mass. Percutaneous biopsy was consistent with a NET. Preoperative endoscopy and PillCam were unremarkable. PET Dotatate demonstrated uptake in the abdominal wall as well as vague uptake in the pelvis. Intraoperatively, we identified a suspicious nodule on the sigmoid colon, which was consistent with a drop metastasis on final pathology.ConclusionIn this case report we present a patient with a NET metastasis to the abdominal wall without a known primary site. This case highlights the limitations of endoscopy and imaging in the workup of metastatic NETs. Additionally, this is a novel case report of a metastatic NET to the abdominal wall without an identifiable primary site.
DFT Calculations for Mössbauer Properties on Dinuclear Center Models of the Resting Oxidized Cytochrome c Oxidase
Authors: Han Du Wen‐Ge , Götz Andreas W. , Noodleman Louis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMössbauer isomer shift and quadrupole splitting properties have been calculated using the OLYP‐D3(BJ) density functional method on previously obtained (W.‐G. Han Du, et al., Inorg Chem. 2020, 59, 8906–8915) geometry optimized Fea33+−H2O−CuB2+ dinuclear center (DNC) clusters of the resting oxidized (O state) “as‐isolated” cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). The calculated results are highly consistent with the available experimental observations. The calculations have also shown that the structural heterogeneities of the O state DNCs implicated by the Mössbauer experiments are likely consequences of various factors, particularly the variable positions of the central H2O molecule between the Fea33+ and CuB2+ sites in different DNCs, whether or not this central H2O molecule has H‐bonding interaction with another H2O molecule, the different spin states having similar energies for the Fea33+ sites, and whether the Fea33+ and CuB2+ sites are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically spin‐coupled.
Investigating service users' perspectives of eating disorder services: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Babb Charli , Jones Catherine R. G. , Fox John R. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite a number of qualitative studies published from the perspective of eating disorder (ED) service users, there has been no attempt to exclusively synthesize their views to gain a fuller understanding of their ED service experiences. It is important to understand this perspective, since previous research highlights the difficulties ED healthcare professionals report when working with this client group.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify qualitative studies focusing on experiences of ED services from the perspective of service users. Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent a quality appraisal check using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for qualitative research. These were then synthesized using a meta‐synthesis approach.ResultsFour overarching themes were generated: “Treatment: Focus on physical vs. psychological symptoms”; “Service Environment: The role of control within services”; “Staff: Experiences with staff and the value of rapport”; and “Peer Influence: Camaraderie vs. comparison.” Service users expressed a desire for more psychological input to tackle underlying difficulties relating to their ED. A complex relationship with feelings of control was described, with some feeling over‐controlled by service providers, while others retrospectively recognized the need for control to be taken away. Staff values, knowledge and trust played a significant role in treatment and recovery. Peers with an ED were described to be a valuable source of understanding and empathy, but some found peer influence to perpetuate comparison and competitiveness.DiscussionThe results portray some of the conflicts and complexities that service users encounter in ED services. A running thread throughout is the perceived importance of adopting an individualized approach within these services.
Characterization of mmWave X‐duplex multi‐relay system in 5G mobile network
Authors: Banar Mohsen , Mohammadi Abbas , Kazemi Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a millimeter wave (mmWave) X‐duplex (XD) amplify‐and‐forward (AF) multirelay system for 5G and beyond. Each XD AF relay is equipped with a shared antenna for both transmission and reception radio frequency (RF) chains. Also, the performance of mmWave XD AF multirelay system is analyzed, and a relay selection method in this scenario is suggested, where the best relay and the best operation mode are selected based on maximum end‐to‐end signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). XD relays can switch adaptively between half‐duplex (HD) and full‐duplex (FD) operation modes. As a practical channel model, Rician fading, path loss with line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) propagation, and blockage effects are considered for mmWave channel model in both source–relay and relay–destination links. We derive closed‐form expressions for end‐to‐end SINR and its distribution, outage probability, energy efficiency (EE), rate, and average symbol error rate (SER) based on the relay selection method. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to validate our analytical derivations, and also, the simulation results depict that XD relays outperform both HD and FD operation modes in terms of outage probability, EE, SER, and rate. Furthermore, the effects of self‐interference (SI) cancellation, blockage, and number of XD AF relays over the performance and also the comparison of XD relay selection to different existing relay selection policies are presented. In addition, it is shown that the XD relay selection method in our proposed system eliminates the performance floor of the FD caused by the residual SI that it is considered as a significant advantage of our proposed system.
Crosswalk study on blood collection‐tube types for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers
Authors: Jonaitis Erin M. , Zetterberg Henrik , Koscik Rebecca Langhough , Betthauser Tobey J. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Hogan Kirk , Hegge Laura , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Suridjan Ivonne , Gleason Carey E. , Engelman Corinne D. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Asthana Sanjay , Bendlin Barbara B. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Blennow Kaj 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionBlood‐based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers show promise, but pre‐analytical protocol differences may pose problems. We examined seven AD blood biomarkers (amyloid beta [, , , total tau [t‐tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], and ) in three collection tube types (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] plasma, heparin plasma, serum).MethodsPlasma and serum were obtained from cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography‐positive and ‐negative participants (N = 38) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We modeled AD biomarker values observed in EDTA plasma versus heparin plasma and serum, and assessed correspondence with brain amyloidosis.ResultsResults suggested bias due to tube type, but crosswalks are possible for some analytes, with excellent model fit for NfL (= 0.94), adequate for amyloid (= 0.40‐0.69), and weaker for t‐tau (= 0.04‐0.42) and ( = 0.22‐0.29). Brain amyloidosis differentiated several measures, especially EDTA plasma (= 1.29).DiscussionAD biomarker concentrations vary by tube type. However, correlations for some biomarkers support harmonization across types, suggesting cautious optimism for use in banked blood.
Self‐reported word‐finding complaints are associated with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta and atrophy in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Montembeault Maxime , Stijelja Stefan , Brambati Simona M. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐reported word‐finding difficulties are among the most frequent complaints in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. However, the clinical significance is still debated.MethodsWe selected 239 CN from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database who had completed the Everyday Cognition (ECog) questionnaire, as well as a lumbar puncture for amyloid beta (Aβ) and magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWord‐finding complaints, with a few other memory items, were significantly more severe compared to all other cognitive complaints. Ecog‐Lang1 (Forgetting names of objects) severity significantly predicted Aβ levels in CN, even when controlling for general cognitive complaint, demographic, and psychological variables. Individuals with high Ecog‐Lang1 complaints showed atrophy in the left fusiform gyrus and the left rolandic operculum compared to CN with low complaints.DiscussionOverall, our results support the fact that word‐finding complaints should be taken seriously. They have the potential to identify CN at risk of AD and support the need to include other cognitive domains in the investigation of subjective cognitive decline.
Thicker macula in asymptomatic APOE Ɛ4 middle‐aged adults at high AD risk
Authors: Rotenstreich Ygal , Sharvit‐Ginon Inbal , Sher Ifat , Zloto Ofira , Fabian Ido Didi , Abd‐Elkader Amir , Weller Aron , Heymann Anthony , Beeri Michal Schnaider , Ravona‐Springer Ramit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe compared retinal layers’ thickness between apolipoprotein E (APOE) Ɛ4 carriers and non‐carriers in a cohort of cognitively normal middle‐aged adults enriched for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.MethodsParticipants (N = 245) underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Multivariate analyses of covariance adjusting for age, sex, education, and best corrected vision acuity was used to compare retinal thickness between APOE groups.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 59.60 (standard deviation = 6.42) with 66.4% women and 32.2% APOE Ɛ4 carriers. Greater macular full thickness was observed in APOE Ɛ4 carriers compared to non‐carriers (P = .017), reaching statistical significance for the inner and outer nasal (P = .009 and P = .005, respectively), inner superior (P = .041), and inner and outer inferior (P = .013 and P = .033, respectively) sectors. The differences between APOE groups were mainly driven by the ganglion cell layer (P < .05) and the inner plexiform layer (P < .05).DiscussionA thicker macula is observed already in midlife asymptomatic APOE Ɛ4 carriers at high AD risk.
Endurance and gait speed relationships with mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Windham Beverly Gwen , Parker Sara B. , Zhu Xiaoqian , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Palta Priya , Sullivan Kevin J. , Parker Kirby G. , Knopman David S. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Griswold Michael E. , Mosley Thomas H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionSlower mobility is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We examined the interaction of endurance with gait speed on prevalent MCI and dementia.MethodsCross‐sectional multinomial regression in the ARIC cohort (n = 2844 participants; 71 to 94 years; 44% men; 18% Black persons) with cognitive status (normal/MCI/dementia), 4 m gait speed, and endurance (2 minute walk [2MW]).ResultsFaster gait speed (up to but not above 1 m/s) and better 2MW were separately associated with lower dementia risk. Good performance in both (2MW = 200 m, gait speed = 1.2 m/s) was associated with 99% lower dementia (Relative Prevalence Ratio [RPR] = 0.01 [95% CI: 0.0 to 0.06]) and 73% lower MCI, RPR = 0.27 (0.15 to 0.48) compared to poor performance in both (2MW = 100 m, gait speed = 0.8 m/s). Models incorporating a gait speed‐by‐2MW interaction term outperformed gait speed‐only models (P < .001).DiscussionGait speed relationships with dementia diminish at faster gait speeds. Combining endurance with gait speed may yield more sensitive markers of MCI and dementia than gait speed alone.
Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
Authors: Eccard Jana A. , Herde Antje , Schuster Andrea C. , Liesenjohann Thilo , Knopp Tatjana , Heckel Gerald , Dammhahn Melanie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndividuals of a population may vary along a pace‐of‐life syndrome from highly fecund, short‐lived, bold, dispersive “fast” types at one end of the spectrum to less fecund, long‐lived, shy, plastic “slow” types at the other end. Risk‐taking behavior might mediate the underlying life history trade‐off, but empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still ambiguous. Using experimentally created populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis)—a species with distinct seasonal life history trajectories—we aimed to test whether individual differences in boldness behavior covary with risk taking, space use, and fitness. We quantified risk taking, space use (via automated tracking), survival, and reproductive success (via genetic parentage analysis) in 8 to 14 experimental, mixed‐sex populations of 113 common voles of known boldness type in large grassland enclosures over a significant part of their adult life span and two reproductive events. Populations were assorted to contain extreme boldness types (bold or shy) of both sexes. Bolder individuals took more risks than shyer ones, which did not affect survival. Bolder males but not females produced more offspring than shy conspecifics. Daily home range and core area sizes, based on 95% and 50% Kernel density estimates (20 ± 10 per individual, n = 54 individuals), were highly repeatable over time. Individual space use unfolded differently for sex‐boldness type combinations over the course of the experiment. While day ranges decreased for shy females, they increased for bold females and all males. Space use trajectories may, hence, indicate differences in coping styles when confronted with a novel social and physical environment. Thus, interindividual differences in boldness predict risk taking under near‐natural conditions and have consequences for fitness in males, which have a higher reproductive potential than females. Given extreme inter‐ and intra‐annual fluctuations in population density in the study species and its short life span, density‐dependent fluctuating selection operating differently on the sexes might maintain (co)variation in boldness, risk taking, and pace‐of‐life.