bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content by residents of different age categories of the Ternopil region.
Authors: Danchyshyn M. , Lototska O. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Human health largely depends on the quality of the water he consumes. The impact of drinking water quality on public health depends on a number of factors. Thus, water pollution with above-normal concentrations of nitrates leads to the occurrence of water-nitrate methemoglobinemia in children, a decrease in the general resistance of the body, which contributes to an increase in the level of general morbidity, in particular, infectious and oncological diseases. It is reported that a positive correlation of the level of cardiovascular morbidity was found in the presence of nitrates.
The aim of the study: to assess the risks of nitrate pollution of water from individual wells on the health of residents of different age groups in certain districts of the Ternopil region.
Material and methods: the research was conducted in 5 districts of Ternopil region. A total of 1,495 samples of drinking water from individual wells were analyzed, the water from which is used to feed all segments of the population, including children and pregnant women.In order to assess the degree of risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content for the health of the population of different age groups, the indicators of daily intake (ADD) of a chemical substance in the body of consumers and the hazard ratio (HQ) were calculated according to the method of risk assessment from exposure to chemical substances that pollute the environmentResults and discussion: According to the results of laboratory studies, the highest content of nitrates was found in the wells of the Zalishchytsky district - from 57.7 to 153.0 mg/dm3, in other districts the level fluctuated within the following limits: in Pidvolochysk - from 92.4 to 139.0 mg/dm3. Borshchivskyi - from 59.2 to 133.2 mg/dm3, Ternopilskyi - from 73.9 to 98.4 mg/dm3, and Terebovlyanskyi - from 50.5 to 57.8 mg/dm3. The calculated value of the average daily dose (ADD) of the intake of nitrates with drinking water to the body of residents of the above-described regions of the Ternopil region ranges from 2.5 to 7.7 for children; 1.6 - 4.8 - for teenagers (Table 1).; 1.9 - 5.1 for women and 1.8 - 4.9 for men. When assessing the risk to the health of the population, it was found that the hazard ratio at the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water determined by us was 1.5 for children, and 1.2 for teenagers. At the maximum concentration of nitrates, the HQ is 4.8 and 3.0, respectively, for children and adolescents. At the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water, the hazard ratio for women was 1.0; at the maximum concentration – 3.2. For men, the HQ is 1.0 and 3.0, for minimum and maximum nitrate concentrationsSummary: The risk of negative effects when drinking the same water is greater in children compared to other categories of the population.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound does not promote bone healing and functional recovery after open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Goshima Kenichi , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Horii Takeshi , Shigemoto Kenji , Iwai Shintaro 
Published: November 2022

Aims To evaluate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) accelerates bone healing at osteotomy sites and promotes functional recovery after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Methods Overall, 90 patients who underwent OWHTO without bone grafting were enrolled in this nonrandomized retrospective study, and 45 patients treated with LIPUS were compared with 45 patients without LIPUS treatment in terms of bone healing and functional recovery postoperatively. Clinical evaluations, including the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, were performed preoperatively as well as six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively. The progression rate of gap filling was evaluated using anteroposterior radiographs at six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively. Results The pain VAS and JOA scores significantly improved after OWHTO in both groups. Although the LIPUS group had better pain scores at six weeks and three months postoperatively, there were no significant differences in JOA score between the groups. The lateral hinge united at six weeks postoperatively in 34 (75.6%) knees in the control group and in 33 (73.3%) knees in the LIPUS group. The progression rates of gap filling in the LIPUS group were 8.0%, 15.0%, 27.2%, and 46.0% at six weeks and three, six, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively, whereas in the control group at the same time points they were 7.7%, 15.2%, 26.3%, and 44.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the progression rate of gap filling between the groups. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that LIPUS did not promote bone healing and functional recovery after OWHTO with a locking plate. The routine use of LIPUS after OWHTO was not recommended from the results of our study. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):885–893.
Artificial intelligence-generated hip radiological measurements are fast and adequate for reliable assessment of hip dysplasia
Authors: Archer Holden , Reine Seth , Alshaikhsalama Ahmed , Wells Joel , Kohli Ajay , Vazquez Louis , Hummer Allan , DiFranco Matthew D. , Ljuhar Richard , Xi Yin , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: November 2022

Aims Hip dysplasia (HD) leads to premature osteoarthritis. Timely detection and correction of HD has been shown to improve pain, functional status, and hip longevity. Several time-consuming radiological measurements are currently used to confirm HD. An artificial intelligence (AI) software named HIPPO automatically locates anatomical landmarks on anteroposterior pelvis radiographs and performs the needed measurements. The primary aim of this study was to assess the reliability of this tool as compared to multi-reader evaluation in clinically proven cases of adult HD. The secondary aims were to assess the time savings achieved and evaluate inter-reader assessment. Methods A consecutive preoperative sample of 130 HD patients (256 hips) was used. This cohort included 82.3% females (n = 107) and 17.7% males (n = 23) with median patient age of 28.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 22.5 to 37.2). Three trained readers’ measurements were compared to AI outputs of lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle, pelvic obliquity, Tönnis angle, Sharp’s angle, and femoral head coverage. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses were obtained. Results Among 256 hips with AI outputs, all six hip AI measurements were successfully obtained. The AI-reader correlations were generally good (ICC 0.60 to 0.74) to excellent (ICC > 0.75). There was lower agreement for CCD angle measurement. Most widely used measurements for HD diagnosis (LCEA and Tönnis angle) demonstrated good to excellent inter-method reliability (ICC 0.71 to 0.86 and 0.82 to 0.90, respectively). The median reading time for the three readers and AI was 212 (IQR 197 to 230), 131 (IQR 126 to 147), 734 (IQR 690 to 786), and 41 (IQR 38 to 44) seconds, respectively. Conclusion This study showed that AI-based software demonstrated reliable radiological assessment of patients with HD with significant interpretation-related time savings. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):877–884.
Can Doctrinal Legal Scholarship Be Defended?
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

This review article investigates the question whether doctrinal legal scholarship can be defended. And it does so in the light of a new book by Mátyás Bódig that sets out an epistemological defence of this scholarship. The second half of this article critically examines this work, while the first half looks more generally at how doctrinal legal scholarship is defined in the civil and common law traditions and how it has traditionally been defended in the United Kingdom. One secondary question that is considered is whether doctrinal legal scholarship is of any greater value, epistemologically, than scholarship in astrology. The article is sceptical as to whether doctrinal legal scholarship can be defended, except as scholarship providing assistance to the legal profession and judiciary.
Keywords: astrology; Bódig (Mátyás); Dworkin (Ronald); doctrine; epistemology; hermeneutics; methodology; theory.
Is the Hong Kong Courts’ Ability to Refer to Foreign Authorities Unrestrained?
Authors: Kwan Martin 
Published: November 2022

Once in a while there is a debate on whether Hong Kong courts should be freely able to refer to foreign authorities, indicating the lack of firm consensus. In light of the need for clarifications, this note affirms the court’s ability to refer to foreign authorities for three main reasons. Constitutionally, this note is the first to raise that Hong Kong courts have a unique ‘constitutional assurance’ of their ability to refer to foreign cases. By comparison, other jurisdictions, like England & Wales and Singapore which do not share the same assurance, have even further restrained their power with Practice Directions. Professionally, the courts will not blindly rely on foreign authorities given the jurisdictional differences. Practically, Hong Kong has a relatively smaller case pool, so the practical insights from the foreign authorities are very useful. Given these three justifications, there should not be any doubt over the courts’ power and practice for such.
Keywords: common law; Singapore; English law; comparative law; case law; precedent; India; judiciary; legal method.
Civil Justice Reform
Authors: Vickers Matthew 
Published: November 2022

Ombudsman schemes have been viewed with interest for their efficiency, speed, cost and use of technology. As Sir Geoffrey Vos seeks to integrate alternative dispute resolution as part of a civil justice funnel, it is important to recognize that ombudsman schemes fulfil different functions than the courts. This paper suggests that dispute resolution is only one of the functions of a civil justice system. Court efficiency should not be the predominant organizing principle. Recognizing the variety of functions and legitimate interests contained within the civil justice system rather than conceiving a hierarchical structure presided over by courts could offer an outcome-based perspective on reform.
Keywords: ombudsman; dispute resolution; technology; justice systems; prevention.
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 3 13 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 3 13 March 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 5 18 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 5 18 March 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 16 6 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 16 6 June 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
campo educacional
Authors: Xavier Libânia Nacif 
Published: November 2022

Resumo: O artigo aborda a questão da identidade do campo educacional no Brasil. Ao refletir sobre a educação como prática social, toca em temáticas relativas á interação entre agentes sociais e sistemas institucionais, entre parâmetros de racionalidade científica e a questão dos valores que marcam a prática educacional. No que tange ao entendimento da educação como saber especifico, remete-se a um momento da história da institucionalização dos estudos ligados à educação no âmbito do ensino universitário em geral e da organização dos primeiros cursos de formação de professores em nível superior, tendo como corte cronológico o período 1920/1945.
Palavras-chave: educação; instituições de ensino; legitimidade científica.

Abstract: The article is about the identity of the educational field in Brazil. Thinking over the education as a social practice, it touches upon subjects related to the interaction between social agents and institutional systems, between parameters of scientific rationality and the values of the educational practice. Considering the education a specific knowledge, this work takes the years between 1920 and 1945 as a reference. This is one moment in the history of the institutionalization of the studies related to the higher education and the organization of the first university courses to graduate teachers.
Key words: education; educational institutions; scientific legitimacy.
Distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in false-positive results detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay
Authors: Lei Yan , Lu Xiaolan , Mou Daiyong , Du Qin , Wang Guangrong , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There have been several false-positive results in the antibody detection of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in false-positive results using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The characteristics of false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG tests were analyzed. The false-positive proportion of single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results was 95.88%, which was higher than those of single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results (71.05%; p < 0.001) and SARS-CoV-2 IgM- and IgG-positive results (39.39%; p < 0.001). The S/CO ratios of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results ranged from 1.0 to 50.0. The false-positive probability of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in the ratios of specimen signals to the cutoff value (S/CO) range (1.0–3.0) was 95.06% (77/81), and the probability of false-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the S/CO range (1.0–2.0) was 85.71% (24/28). Dynamic monitoring showed that the S/CO values of IgM in false-positive results decreased or remained unchanged, whereas the S/CO values of IgG in false-positive results decreased. The possibility of false-positive single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive and single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results was high. As the value of S/CO ratios decreased, the probability of false-positives consequently increased, especially among the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results.
普通话的“输入”与全球华语的融合―基于《马来西亚华语特有词语词典》的调查
Authors: 刁 晏斌 
Published: November 2022

摘要
文章以《马来西亚华语特有词语词典》B字母下的 161 个词语为对象, 主要由普通话 “输入” 的角度切入, 来了解与呈现当今全球华语的融合状况。由数量看, 普通话输入的词语占比近六成, 但是由使用情况来看, 则有很大的不平衡性。文章也对普通话未输入词语进行调查和解释, 试图以此来观察哪些词语更易为普通话吸收, 结论是英语以外的其他民族借词以及狭义的社区词占了未输入词语的绝大多数, 它们是马来西亚华语中最具本土化特征的部分。
Computational approaches towards the understanding of past boundaries: A case study based on archaeological and historical data in a hilly region in Germany
Authors: Herzog Irmela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoundaries at different scales or in different cultural contexts vary in permeability, fuzziness, and continuity. The contribution of methods from the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) toolbox used in archaeology for the understanding of boundaries is explored in a case study based on known boundaries that are located in a hilly region east of Cologne, Germany. The known political and religious boundaries date back to the 16th and early 17th century. Furthermore, a linguistic boundary traversing the study area is well-known. A classification of the reliability of the political boundaries is presented based on evidence from different sources including archaeological sites. A traditional GIS method for delimiting territories is Voronoi polygon generation, also known as Thiessen polygons. A variant uses least-cost distances, accounting for costs of movement. A site catchment of a settlement consists of all locations that can be reached by expending a given cost limit. Both the initial Voronoi computations as well as the site catchments failed to reconstruct a significant proportion of the known past boundaries. Therefore, the association of the known boundaries with rivers, ridges, and modern parish boundaries was tested and found significant. In contrast, poor soils and voids identified by least-cost Kernel Density Estimation (LC-KDE) of 16th century settlement locations are no preferred locations of past boundaries. Boundaries of Voronoi polygons based on modified cost models taking the association of past boundaries with ridges, rivers, and modern boundaries into account reconstructed about 27 % of the confirmed past political boundaries successfully. The association of the linguistic boundary with the features mentioned above is insignificant. Diagnostic place names are the traits forming the basis of Voronoi diagrams and LC-KDE applied in archaeological studies for reconstructing boundaries. Considering the uneven distribution and fairly low number of traits, the results of these two approaches are satisfactory.
An operator-based approach to topological photonics
Authors: Cerjan Alexander , Loring Terry A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recently, the study of topological structures in photonics has garnered significant interest, as these systems can realize robust, nonreciprocal chiral edge states and cavity-like confined states that have applications in both linear and nonlinear devices. However, current band theoretic approaches to understanding topology in photonic systems yield fundamental limitations on the classes of structures that can be studied. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for assessing a photonic structure’s topology directly from its effective Hamiltonian and position operators, as expressed in real space, and without the need to calculate the system’s Bloch eigenstates or band structure. Using this framework, we show that nontrivial topology, and associated boundary-localized chiral resonances, can manifest in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry that lack a complete band gap, a result that may have implications for new topological laser designs. Finally, we use our operator-based framework to develop a novel class of invariants for topology stemming from a system’s crystalline symmetries, which allows for the prediction of robust localized states for creating waveguides and cavities.
Ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Mahdavi Vahideh , Ranaei Vahid , Pilevar Zahra , Sarafraz Mansour , Mahmudiono Trias , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Contamination of food with mycotoxins can pose harmful effects on the health of consumers in the long term. Coffee contamination with mycotoxins has become a global concern. This study attempted to meta-analyze the concentration and prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee products and estimate consumers’ health risks. The search was conducted among international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, for 1 January 2010 to 1 May 2022. The concentration and prevalence of OTA in coffee products were meta-analyzed according to country subgroups. Health risk assessment was conducted based on Margin of Exposures (MOEs) using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The three countries that had the highest Pooled concentration of OTA in coffee were observed in Chile (100.00%), Kuwait (100.00%), and France (100.00%). The overall prevalence of OTA in coffee products was 58.01%, 95% CI (48.37–67.39). The three countries that had the highest concentration of OTA were Philippines (39.55 μg/kg) > Turkey (39.32 μg/kg) > and Panama (21.33 μg/kg). The mean of MOEs in the adult consumers in Panama (9,526) and the Philippines (8,873) was lower than 10,000, while the mean of MOEs in other countries was higher than 10,000. Therefore, monitoring and control plans should be carried out in different countries.
Vulnerability of the Neonatal Connectome following Postnatal Stress
Authors: Lammertink Femke , Benders Manon J.N.L. , Hermans Erno J. , Tataranno Maria L. , Dudink Jeroen , Vinkers Christiaan H. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. 
Published: November 2022

Stress following preterm birth can disrupt the emerging foundation of the neonatal brain. The current study examined how structural brain development is affected by a stressful early environment and whether changes in topological architecture at term-equivalent age could explain the increased vulnerability for behavioral symptoms during early childhood. Longitudinal changes in structural brain connectivity were quantified using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography in preterm born infants (gestational age <28 weeks), imaged at 30 and/or 40 weeks of gestation (N= 145, 43.5% female). A global index of postnatal stress was determined based on the number of invasive procedures during hospitalization (e.g., heel lance). Higher stress levels impaired structural connectivity growth in a subnetwork of 48 connections (p= 0.003), including the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex. Findings were replicated in an independent validation sample (N= 123, 39.8% female,n= 91 with follow-up). Classifying infants into vulnerable and resilient based on having more or less internalizing symptoms at two to five years of age (n= 71) revealed lower connectivity in the hippocampus and amygdala for vulnerable relative to resilient infants (p< 0.001). Our findings suggest that higher stress exposure during hospital admission is associated with slower growth of structural connectivity. The preservation of global connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus might reflect a stress-buffering or resilience-enhancing factor against a stressful early environment and early-childhood internalizing symptoms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe preterm brain is exposed to various external stimuli following birth. The effects of early chronic stress on neonatal brain networks and the remarkable degree of resilience are not well understood. The current study aims to provide an increased understanding of the impact of postnatal stress on third-trimester brain development and describe the topological architecture of a resilient brain. We observed a sparser neonatal brain network in infants exposed to higher postnatal stress. Limbic regulatory regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, may play a key role as crucial convergence sites of protective factors. Understanding how stress-induced alterations in early brain development might lead to brain (re)organization may provide essential insights into resilient functioning.