bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs after Cataract Surgery and Corneal Melt
Authors: Ashena Zahra , Nanavaty Mayank A. , Bardan Ahmed S. , Thaker Riddhi , Bascaran Lucia 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To describe a case where prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) eye drops lead to recurrent corneal melt with loss of vision and a brief literature review.

Methods:
This is a case report of an 84-year-old diabetic female with chronic dry eye, operated by two different surgeons on each eye at different time intervals. She received topical NSAID prophylaxis after the second surgery only, which led to blindness due to recurrent corneal melt and chronic choroidal effusions. We also present a brief literature review.

Results:
This lady presented with corneal melt and perforation 5 days following the use of topical NSAIDs prophylaxis after a routine cataract surgery in the second eye. Unfortunately, all efforts to save her vision and eye were unsuccessful as she developed repeated complications in spite of corneal gluing, amniotic membrane, penetrating keratoplasty, and tarsorrhaphy. She also had chronic choroidal effusions. She ended up with an opaque cornea and a subtotal tarsorrhaphy, with no other option to improve her vision as she did not qualify for sedation or general anesthesia due to her poor systemic health.

Conclusion:
Although it is a common practice for diabetic patients to have topical NSAIDs prophylaxis in combination with steroid eye drops to reduce the risk of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery, the elderly diabetic patients with concomitant dry eyes should be considered high risk for corneal melt and should be closely monitored. This case highlights the rare but serious complication of topical NSAIDs prophylaxis in the vulnerable cornea, which warrants careful consideration.
Management of Consecutive Exotropia
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Behradfar Narges , Yaseri Mehdi , Sheibani Kourosh 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To determine the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) advancement with or without lateral rectus (LR) recession in patients with consecutive exotropia.

Methods:
This interventional case series was performed on patients with consecutive exotropia of more than 15 prism diopters (PD) at least 6 months after the esotropia surgery. All patients were operated using either unilateral or bilateral MR muscle advancement with or without simultaneous LR recession. Ocular deviation at far and near distances, adduction limitation, and exoshift were investigated at the follow-ups of 1 week, as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. Operation was considered successful when the postoperative far deviation was <10 PD.

Results:
Thirty patients were evaluated. The mean amount of MR advancement was 5.69 ± 1.33 mm with the mean dose response of 4.7 ± 3.3 and 4.55 ± 4.01 PD at 3 and 6-month follow-ups, respectively. Success rate was reduced from 93% at week 1 to 73% at month 6 due to postoperative exodrift, especially during the first 3 months. Preoperative exotropia was the only contributing factor in our study.

Conclusions:
MR advancement was an effective surgical method for consecutive exotropia correction, especially in cases with MR underaction. Bilateral MR advancement and/or LR recession are suggested in cases with higher preoperative exodeviation. The presence of postoperative exodrift indicates longer follow-ups for patients.
Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction Questionnaire
Authors: Makateb Ali , Nabavi Amin , Naghash Tabrizi Mahsa , Hashemian Hesam , Shirzadi Keyvan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of quality of life impact of refractive correction (QIRC) questionnaire and its utility in assessment of refractive error-related quality of life (QoL) following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
Patients with low-to-moderate myopia (−0.75 to − 6.0) were enrolled in this study. Standard alcohol-assisted PRK was performed in all patients. The QIRC questionnaire was translated into a Persian version using the standard method. Patients completed QIRC questionnaire preoperatively and 3-month postoperatively. A group of patients completed the questionnaire twice preoperatively. Psychometric properties were evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach's α), item-total correlation, and known group construct validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to examine the repeatability.

Results:
One hundred forty-seven patients (60 males and 87 females) with a mean age of 26.3 ± 5.5 (range, 18–39) years were enrolled. Cronbach's α for total score was 0.923. Item-total correlation was above 0.3 for all items. ICC was 0.978 for total score. Preoperatively, predominantly contact lens wearers showed significantly better total QIRC score than predominantly spectacle wearers (P = 0.017), which showed good known group validity. Total QIRC score significantly increased from 41.31 ± 6.69 preoperatively to 50.47 ± 7.26 postoperatively (P < 0.0001). Improvement in total QIRC score was observed both in contact lens wearers and spectacle wearers.

Conclusion:
The Persian version of QIRC questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool. Refractive error-related QoL assess by QIRC was significantly improved after PRK in an Iranian population.
Reflexiones sobre la idea de comunicatividad para la clase de español como lengua extranjera en Noruega
Authors: Llovet Vilá Xavier 
Published: January 2022

This article is to be conceived as a reflection on communicative oriented foreign language teaching in Norwegian compulsory education. More specifically, the objective is to succinctly examine some key aspects in the implementation of a communicative approach in the Spanish as a foreign language classroom. Based on existing research on foreign language teaching in Norway, it can be affirmed that despite the communicative paradigm initiated half a century ago, the implementation of communicative oriented practices in lower secondary school is limited. This is due, among many other factors, to the strong impact that language teacher schooling beliefs exert on teaching practices over the theoretical principles upon which the curricular reform is based (Kunnskapsløftet-K06). Thus, the success of the recent curricular renovation (Fagfornyelsen-K20) lies in part on how language teacher development programs, both pre-service and in-service, convey the communicative oriented teaching principles to engage teachers in a critical reflexive process of cognition articulation. This reflection examines these principles and suggests an eventual approach for teacher development programs to facilitate the challenge that students face when establishing connections between theory and practice and the articulation of their cognitions.
Keywords: teacher cognition, Spanish as a foreign language, curriculum reform, teacher development, communicative language teaching.
RESUMEN
Este artículo se concibe como una reflexión acerca de la idea central de comunicatividad en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en la educación reglada noruega. Más concretamente, el objetivo es examinar sucintamente los aspectos clave en la implementación de un enfoque comunicativo en la clase de español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Desde la conjunta investigación en didáctica de lenguas extranjeras en Noruega, se constata que cinco décadas después del inicio del paradigma comunicativo, la enseñanza de lenguas en la escuela secundaria noruega muestra una limitada orientación comunicativa. Uno de los factores que explican este fenómeno es la fuerte influencia que ejercen las creencias de los profesores originadas en su periodo de escolarización por encima de los principios teóricos sobre los que se sustenta la reforma educativa vigente (Kunnskapsløftet-K06). El éxito de la nueva renovación educativa (Fagfornyelsen-K20) radica parcialmente en cómo los programas de desarrollo docente, tanto de manera inicial como continua, vehiculan los principios de la enseñanza comunicativa para que los profesores participen en procesos de reflexión crítica en la articulación de sus creencias. Esta reflexión examina estos principios y sugiere un eventual acercamiento en los programas de formación que facilite el reto al que se enfrentan los estudiantes de relacionar conceptos teóricos con su implementación práctica y la articulación de sus creencias.
A framework for characterizing communication-oriented ELT textbooks
Authors: Tórrez Nahúm Misael 
Published: January 2022

Textbooks hold a fundamental position in English Language Teaching (ELT). Today, their main aim is to contribute to the development of the learner’s communicative competence. This paper sets out to set the basis for constructing a framework for characterizing ELT textbooks, in terms of their opportunities to promote communicative competence. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for the framework, it first introduces the notions of input (Krashen, 1989) and output (Swain & Lapkin, 1995). Then, it presents two influential models of communicative competence, i.e., those of Canale and Swain (1980), and the Common European Framework for Reference of Languages (Council of Europe, 2001, 2018). Following that, it presents two significantly quoted sets of principles for the study of learning materials in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), i.e., the principles of Richards and Rodgers (2014) and Nation (2007). Building on the models and principles, the paper suggests eleven criteria for characterizing communication-oriented ELT textbooks, covering input in the form of topics and texts, and output in the form of activities. A short discussion of the main affordances of the suggested framework is provided at the end of the article.

Keywords: Communicative Competence, ELT Textbooks, Textbook Analysis, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).
Norwegian in-service teachers’ perspectives on language corpora in teaching English
Authors: Kavanagh Barry 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore potential reasons why the use of the tools and methods of corpus linguistics are not prevalent in English teaching in Norway, using the research question What do in-service English teachers in Norway find useful about corpora and what do they find challenging? The study provides interview data from in-service teachers, contributing to our understanding of the in-service perspective on corpora. The research design consists of teaching corpus use in seminars for in-service English teachers (featuring LancsLex, the concordancer AntConc and the OANC), integrated into a language course that is part of a further education programme, and semi-structured interviews with four of the students who took the course, during which they also interacted with Netspeak, SKELL and COCA. As with previous research, the in-service teachers found corpora particularly useful for teaching and learning vocabulary, and found challenges to use which are categorized here as usability (criticism of AntConc), IT challenges (a lack of IT skills among teachers), learner-corpus interaction challenges (the complexity of software and concordance lines for pupils; pupil uninterest in language), and lack of teacher need (mistakes being “obvious” to teachers in the lower years). The article discusses some implications of these findings.
Keywords: English language teaching, pedagogical corpus application, corpora
Turning Romanticism on its Head: The Peripheral Symbolic Geography of Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin
Authors: Gheran Niculae Liviu 
Published: January 2022

Within the present paper, I aim to discuss how Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin have employed the peripheral symbolic geography of their two works (Brave New World and This Perfect Day) to articulate their debate between different sets of social values. Unlike other authors of negative utopias such as George Orwell or Yevgeny Zamyatin, neither Huxley nor Levin idealized pre-modern values. In order to highlight how the two articulated their views with the help of symbolic geography, I will also make use of Michel Foucault’s theoretical concepts of heterotopias, heterochrony as well as the ideas developed by the critics Michael Lowy and Robert Sayre in their seminal work Romanticism against the Tide of Modernity. My purpose is thus firstly to point out how and why Huxley and Levin divided the symbolic geography of their works in two parts as well as how they employed the Romantic critique of modernity. Secondly, I aim to show how despite using this analytical tool, they also employed symbolic geography with the purpose of turning the critique on its head, thus unveiling both its strong points as well as its shortcomings.
Short-term outcomes of endovascular therapy for chronic lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Van Hoang 
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic lower extremity arterial disease, mostly caused by atherosclerotic etiology, has been increasing in recent years. Currently, there has been a shift in the treatment chronic lower extremity arterial disease from open surgical treatment to endovascular intervention. According to the TASC classification, surgical treatment is preferred for patients with complex lesions of TASC C, D but recent studies have shown that endovascular intervention has had good results for high-grade lesions.
Objective: To determine the efficacy, short-term results of endovascular intervention in patients with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease
Methods: From January to December 2021, the cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 38 patients with lower limb artery disease, treated by endovascular intervetion in Interventional Department, Hanoi Heart hospital. All patients were evaluated by clinical symptoms, ankle- brachial index and lesion characteristic before and after the intervention to determine the initial success
Results: Majority of lesions belong to TASC II C and D (78,9%). Injured arteries can be isolated in the aortoiliac (21,1%), femoropopliteal (21,1%), below-knee artery (21,1%) or combine aortoiliac and femoropopliteal (10,5%), femoropopliteal and BTK (15,8%). The ankle- brachial index before and after the intervention respectively 0,57 and 0.83 (p<0,001). The technical successful rate was 94,7%. Balloon angioplasty and stent placement were in 21 patients (55,3%) and balloon angioplasty in 17 patients (44,7%). Post-procedural complications included stent thrombosis (2.6%), amputation (2.6%), pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site (2.6%).
Conclusion: Endovascular intervention is a safe, effective, minimally invasive method in the treatment of chronic lower extremity arterial disease
Benefit-Based Tree Valuation
Authors: McPherson E. Gregory 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBenefit-based tree valuation provides alternative estimates of the fair and reasonable value of trees while illustrating the relative contribution of different benefit types. This study compared estimates of tree value obtained using cost- and benefit-based approaches. The cost-based approach used the Council of Landscape and Tree Appraisers trunk formula method, and the benefit-based approach calculated the net present value (NPV, total future benefits minus costs discounted to the present) of future benefits and costs using tree growth data and numerical models. In a hypothetical example, the value of a 40 year old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) was $5,807 using the cost-based approach and either $3,102 (for a tree growing in Fort Collins, CO, U.S.) or $5,022 (for a tree growing in Boulder, CO) using the benefit-based approach. This example, however, did not consider planting and management costs. In a multitree example, 15 years after planting five pistache (Pistacia chinensis) street trees in Davis, California, the trunk formula (cost-based) value was $8,756, whereas the benefit-based value NPV of benefits was negative at discount rates ranging from 0% to 10%. Negative NPVs occurred because future sidewalk repair costs were projected to be in excess of benefits, a relationship not fully captured in the cost-based approach to valuation. Removing and replacing the five pistache street trees was not cost-effective at 7% and 10% discount rates, primarily because high future sidewalk repair costs associated with retaining the trees were heavily discounted. Planting the five pistache trees in their current location was not an economically sound decision, but planting the same trees in a nearby shrub bed would have saved an estimated $1,102 (10%) to $12,460 (0%) over 40 years. These examples illustrate the use of the benefit-based approach as a decision support tool for design and management.
Control ofAilanthus altissimaUsing Stem Herbicide Application Techniques
Authors: DiTomaso Joseph M. , Kyser Guy B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree herbicides were tested using four stem application techniques for control of both single trunks and clumps of tree-of-heaven [Ailanthus altissima(Miller) Swingle]. Imazapyr, triclopyr, and glyphosate were applied using cut stump, stump injection, and stem injection techniques. Imazapyr and triclopyr were also applied as a basal bark treatment. Treatments were compared against manual cutting and untreated controls. Untreated cut stems did not provide control of tree-of-heaven. Cut stump treatment with imazapyr and triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) resulted in more than 90% reduction in both vigor ratings and resprouting of single stems and clumps. In contrast, stump injection applications were ineffective with all herbicides. For stem injection treatments, undiluted imazapyr gave the best results (>95% canopy reduction), but glyphosate also provided excellent control (92% canopy reduction). Removing stems 4, 8, or 12 months after treatment did not impact the level of control with imazapic. Imazapic at half the standard rate also gave good control of multistemmed clumps. Basal bark treatments with imazapyr or triclopyr (20% v/v in oil) gave equally good results, providing nearly complete control. Triclopyr is less selective than imazapyr and thus offers a better option when desirable vegetation surrounds the stems. These results provide several effective options for the control of tree-of-heaven in both urban and riparian sites.
Kinetics, SOA yields and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-caryophyllene ozonolysis with and without nitrogen oxides between 213 and 313 K
Authors: Gao Linyu , Song Junwei , Mohr Claudia , Huang Wei , Vallon Magdalena , Jiang Feng , Leisner Thomas , Saathoff Harald 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is one of the most important sesquiterpenes (SQTs) in the atmosphere, with a large potential contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mainly from reactions with ozone (O3) and nitrate radicals (NO3). In this work, we study the temperature dependence of the kinetics of BCP ozonolysis, SOA yields, and SOA chemical composition in the dark and in the absence and presence of nitrogen oxides including nitrate radicals (NO3). We cover a temperature range of 213 K – 313 K, representative of tropospheric conditions. The oxidized components in both gas and particle phases were characterized on a molecular level by a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols using iodide as the reagent ion (FIGAERO-iodide-CIMS). The batch mode experiments were conducted in the 84.5 m3 aluminium simulation chamber AIDA at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In the absence of nitrogen oxides, the temperature-dependent rate coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in BCP reacting with ozone between 243 – 313 K are negatively correlated with temperature, corresponding to the following Arrhenius equation: k = (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10−15 × exp((559 ± 97)/T). The SOA yields increase from 16 ± 5 % to 37 ± 11% with temperatures decreasing from 313 K to 243 K at a total organic particle mass of 10 µg m−3. The variation of the ozonolysis temperature leads to substantial impact on the abundance of individual organic molecules. In the absence of nitrogen oxides, monomers C14-15H22-24O3-7 (37.4 %), dimers C28-30H44-48O5-9 (53.7 %) and trimers C41-44H62-66O9-11 (8.6 %) are abundant in the particle phase at 213 K. At 313 K, we observed more oxidized monomers (mainly C14-15H22-24O6-9, 67.5 %) and dimers (mainly C27-29H42-44O9-11, 27.6 %), including highly oxidized molecules (HOMs, C14H22O7,9, C15H22O7,9 C15H24O7,9) which can be formed via hydrogen shift mechanisms, but no significant trimers. In presence of nitrogen oxides, the organonitrate fraction increased from 3 % at 213 K to 12 % and 49 % at 243 K and 313 K, respectively. Most of the organonitrates were monomers with C15 skeletons and only one nitrate group. Higher oxygenated organonitrates were observed at higher temperatures, with their signal-weighted O : C atomic ratio increasing from 0.41 to 0.51 from 213 K to 313 K. New dimeric and trimeric organic species without nitrogen atoms (C20, C35) were formed in presence of nitrogen oxides at 298–313 K indicating potential new reaction pathways. Overall, our results show that increasing temperatures lead to a relatively small decrease of the rate coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in BCP reacting with ozone, but to a strong decrease in SOA yields. In contrast, the formation of HOMs and organonitrates increases significantly with temperature.
Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system
Authors: Lyu Guokun , Serra Nuno , Zhou Meng , Stammer Detlef 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Two high-resolution model simulations are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level. The model simulations reveal barotropic sea level variability at periods of < 30 d, which is strongly captured by bottom pressure observations. The seasonal sea level variability is driven by volume exchanges with the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the redistribution of the water by the wind. Halosteric effects due to river runoff and evaporation minus precipitation ice melting/formation also contribute in the marginal seas and seasonal sea ice extent regions. In the central Arctic Ocean, especially the Canadian Basin, the decadal halosteric effect dominates sea level variability. The study confirms that satellite altimetric observations and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) could infer the total freshwater content changes in the Canadian Basin at periods longer than 1 year, but they are unable to depict the seasonal and subseasonal freshwater content changes. The increasing number of profiles seems to capture freshwater content changes since 2007, encouraging further data synthesis work with a more complicated interpolation method. Further, in situ hydrographic observations should be enhanced to reveal the freshwater budget and close the gaps between satellite altimetry and GRACE, especially in the marginal seas.