bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of benznidazole on cerebral microcirculation during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
Authors: Gonzaga Beatriz Matheus Souza , Horita Samuel Iwao Maia , Beghini Daniela Gois , Gomes Fabiana , Nisimura Líndice Mitie , dos Santos Isabele Barbieri , Estato Vanessa , de Araújo-Jorge Tania Cremonini , Garzoni Luciana Ribeiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCentral nervous system alterations was described in Chagas disease in both human and experimental models, leading to meningoencephalitis, stroke and cognitive impairment. Recently, our group demonstrated that acute infection by Trypanossoma cruzi leads to cerebral microvasculophaty in mice with endothelial dysfunction, capillary rarefaction, increased rolling and leukocyte adhesion. Only benznidazole and nifurtimox are available for clinical treatment, they have an efficiency of 80% in the acute phase and less than 20% in chronic phase. However, the effect of these drugs on brain microcirculation has not yet been evaluated. We hypothesized that early treatment with benznidazole could protect brain microcirculation during acute experimental Chagas disease. Swiss Webster mice were inoculated with 104 trypomastigotes forms of T. cruzi, and after 24 h they were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of benznidazole for 14 consecutive days. In untreated infected mice, we observed cerebral microvascular rarefaction, increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, reduced cerebral blood flow, and increased CD3+ and F4-80+ cells in brain tissue. Early treatment with benznidazole at 100 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day prevented the occurrence of the alterations mentioned. Here, we show that BZ is able to protect the microcirculation and reduced brain inflammation in acute experimental Chagas disease.
Pathogen-driven gene expression patterns lead to a novel approach to the identification of common therapeutic targets
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Ferdous Nadim , Reza Mahjerin Nasrin , Ahammad Ishtiaque , Tiernan Zachary , Wang Yi , O’Hanlon Fergus , Wu Zijia , Sarker Shishir , Mohiuddin A. K. M. , Das Keshob Chandra , Keya Chaman Ara , Salimullah Md. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeveloping a common medication strategy for disease control and management could be greatly beneficial. Investigating the differences between diseased and healthy states using differentially expressed genes aids in understanding disease pathophysiology and enables the exploration of protein-drug interactions. This study aimed to find the most common genes in diarrhea-causing bacteria such asSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium,Campylobacter jejuni,Escherichia coli,Shigella dysenteriae(CESS) to find new drugs. Thus, differential gene expression datasets of CESS were screened through computational algorithms and programming. Subsequently, hub and common genes were prioritized from the analysis of extensive protein–protein interactions. Binding predictions were performed to identify the common potential therapeutic targets of CESS. We identified a total of 827 dysregulated genes that are highly linked to CESS. Notably, no common gene interaction was found among all CESS bacteria, but we identified 3 common genes in bothSalmonella-EscherichiaandEscherichia-Campylobacterinfections. Later, out of 73 protein complexes, molecular simulations confirmed 5 therapeutic candidates from the CESS. We have developed a new pipeline for identifying therapeutic targets for a common medication strategy against CESS. However, further wet-lab validation is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
Vitreous protein networks around ANG2 and VEGF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the differential effects of aflibercept versus bevacizumab pre-treatment
Authors: Klaassen Ingeborg , Avery Peter , Schlingemann Reinier O. , Steel David H. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtracellular signalling proteins interact in networks rather than in isolation. In this context we investigated vitreous protein levels, including placental growth factor (PlGF), angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with variable disease severities, and after anti-VEGF pre-treatment. Vitreous samples of 112 consecutive patients undergoing vitrectomy for PDR and of 52 non-diabetic patients with macular holes as controls were studied. A subset of the PDR patients were treated with either aflibercept (AFB, n = 25) or bevacizumab (BVZ)/ranibizumab (RZB) (n = 13), before surgery. Antibody-based analysis of 35 proteins (growth factors and cytokines) showed a significant increase in expression levels of 27 proteins in PDR patients as compared to controls. In network analysis of co-regulated proteins, a strong correlation in expression levels between VEGF, PlGF, MCP1 and ANG2 was found, mostly clustered around ANG2. In the AFB treatment group, concentrations of several proteins were decreased, including VEGFR1, whereas interleukin 6 and 8 were increased as compared to untreated PDR patients. The observed differences in vitreous protein levels between the different treatments and untreated PDR patients may underlie differences in clinical outcomes in patients with PDR.
Fungal and fungal-like diversity in marine sediments from the maritime Antarctic assessed using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: da Silva Mayanne Karla , de Souza Láuren Machado Drumond , Vieira Rosemary , Neto Arthur Ayres , Lopes Fabyano A. C. , de Oliveira Fábio S. , Convey Peter , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Duarte Alysson Wagner Fernandes , Câmara Paulo E. A. S. , Rosa Luiz Henrique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe assessed the fungal and fungal-like sequence diversity present in marine sediments obtained in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands (Southern Ocean) using DNA metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 193,436 DNA reads were detected in sediment obtained from three locations: Walker Bay (Livingston Island) at 52 m depth (48,112 reads), Whalers Bay (Deception Island) at 151 m (104,704) and English Strait at 404 m (40,620). The DNA sequence reads were assigned to 133 distinct fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) representing the phylaAscomycota,Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Glomeromycota,Monoblepharomycota,MucoromycotaandRozellomycotaand the fungal-like Straminopila.Thelebolus balaustiformis,Pseudogymnoascussp., Fungi sp. 1,Ciliophorasp.,Agaricomycetessp. andChaetocerossp. were the dominant assigned taxa. Thirty-eight fungal ASVs could only be assigned to higher taxonomic levels, and may represent taxa not currently included in the available databases or represent new taxa and/or new records for Antarctica. The total fungal community displayed high indices of diversity, richness and moderate to low dominance. However, diversity and taxa distribution varied across the three sampling sites. In Walker Bay, unidentified fungi were dominant in the sequence assemblage. Whalers Bay sediment was dominated by Antarctic endemic and cold-adapted taxa. Sediment from English Strait was dominated byCiliophorasp. andChaetocerossp. These fungal assemblages were dominated by saprotrophic, plant and animal pathogenic and symbiotic taxa. The detection of an apparently rich and diverse fungal community in these marine sediments reinforces the need for further studies to characterize their richness, functional ecology and potential biotechnological applications.
Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents
Authors: Cavallo Ilaria , Sivori Francesca , Truglio Mauro , De Maio Flavio , Lucantoni Federica , Cardinali Giorgia , Pontone Martina , Bernardi Thierry , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Capitanio Bruno , Cristaudo Antonio , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Morrone Aldo , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Di Domenico Enea Gino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder affecting more than 80% of young adolescents. Cutibacterium acnes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. The study aimed to explore the microbiome at different skin sites in adolescent acne and the role of biofilm production in promoting the growth and persistence of C. acnes isolates. Microbiota analysis showed a significantly lower alpha diversity in inflammatory lesions (LA) than in non-inflammatory (NI) lesions of acne patients and healthy subjects (HS). Differences at the species level were driven by the overabundance of C. acnes on LA than NI and HS. The phylotype IA1 was more represented in the skin of acne patients than in HS. Genes involved in lipids transport and metabolism, as well as potential virulence factors associated with host-tissue colonization, were detected in all IA1 strains independently from the site of isolation. Additionally, the IA1 isolates were more efficient in early adhesion and biomass production than other phylotypes showing a significant increase in antibiotic tolerance. Overall, our data indicate that the site-specific dysbiosis in LA and colonization by virulent and highly tolerant C. acnes phylotypes may contribute to acne development in a part of the population, despite the universal carriage of the microorganism. Moreover, new antimicrobial agents, specifically targeting biofilm-forming C. acnes, may represent potential treatments to modulate the skin microbiota in acne.
Seasonal variations in presenting symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in Norway
Authors: Eidet Jon Roger , Chen Xiangjun , Ræder Sten , Badian Reza A. , Utheim Tor P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study investigated the seasonal variations of presenting symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED) in Norway. 652 consecutive DED patients examined between August 2012 and May 2015 in Oslo, Norway, were included. Presenting symptoms and signs were related to the season according to when each patient was examined. Weather report data from the examination day were compared with the presenting symptoms and signs. Oslo's mean seasonal temperatures during spring, summer, fall, and winter were 6.4 °C, 15.6 °C, 9.3 °C, and − 2.1 °C, respectively. Dry eye severity level and self-reported symptoms measured by the Ocular surface disease index questionnaire did not differ between seasons. Schirmer I was lower during summer than in other seasons (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients with a pathological tear meniscus height (< 0.2 mm) was higher during fall (P < 0.01) and lower during winter (P < 0.05) compared to the other seasons. Signs and symptoms of DED generally did not correlate with weather report data, although intraocular pressure was weakly associated with mean daily air temperature (r = − 0.22; P < 0.001). Neither dry eye severity level nor dry eye symptoms differ between seasons in Oslo, Norway. However, some parameters for assessing DED show seasonal variations (Schirmer I and tear meniscus height), which are essential to consider when examining patients with DED.
Nutritional status, alcohol-tobacco consumption behaviour and cognitive decline among older adults in India
Authors: Khan Junaid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognition capacity is essentially age-dependent and it is associated with the overall well-being of an individual. The public health aspects of cognitive research primarily focus on the possible delaying of cognitive decline among the older adult population. In this context, using the most recent round of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018 data, this study examines the cognition capacity among older adults aged 45 and above subject to their nutritional health and health behaviour (tobacco and alcohol consumption). It is observed that almost one in every tenth individual (10%) above 45 years of age in India shows low cognition scores. Low cognition is much more prevalent among 60 + females than males. Around one-fifth of the underweight older adults (18%) demonstrate low cognition capacity among them. Of those older adults who consume only tobacco, 11% of them demonstrate low cognition than the rest. The partial proportional odds model estimation shows that older adults are at higher risk of developing low cognition with increasing age and beyond age 65, the individuals carry a critically higher risk to experience low cognition. The estimation also shows that with increasing age older adults are higher likely to experience poor cognition independent of nutritional status, but underweight older adults are comparatively more likely to experience low cognition followed by normal and overweight older adults. In terms of alcohol-tobacco consumption behaviour, older adults who consume both are more likely to experience low cognition with increasing age followed by ‘only alcohol consumers’, and ‘only tobacco consumers’.
Quantum ghost imaging of a transparent polarisation sensitive phase pattern
Authors: Saxena Aditya , Kaur Manpreet , Devrari Vipin , Singh Mandip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA transparent polarisation sensitive phase pattern exhibits a position and polarisation dependent phase shift of transmitted light and it represents a unitary transformation. A quantum ghost image of this pattern is produced with hyper-entangled photons consisting of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) and polarisation entanglement. In quantum ghost imaging, a single photon interacts with the pattern and is detected by a stationary detector and a non-interacting photon is imaged on a coincidence camera. EPR entanglement manifests spatial correlations between an object plane and a ghost image plane, whereas a polarisation dependent phase shift exhibited by the pattern is detected with polarisation entanglement. In this quantum ghost imaging, the which-position-polarisation information of a photon interacting with the pattern is not present in the experiment. A quantum ghost image is constructed by measuring correlations of the polarisation-momentum of an interacting photon with polarisation-position of a non-interacting photon. The experiment is performed with a coincidence single photon detection camera, where a non-interacting photon travels a long optical path length of 17.83 m from source to camera and a pattern is positioned at an optical distance of 19.16 m from the camera.
Microgravity environment grown crystal structure information based engineering of direct electron transfer type glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Okuda-Shimazaki Junko , Yoshida Hiromi , Lee Inyoung , Kojima Katsuhiro , Suzuki Nanoha , Tsugawa Wakako , Yamada Mitsugu , Inaka Koji , Tanaka Hiroaki , Sode Koji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe heterotrimeric flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent glucose dehydrogenase is a promising enzyme for direct electron transfer (DET) principle-based glucose sensors within continuous glucose monitoring systems. We elucidate the structure of the subunit interface of this enzyme by preparing heterotrimer complex protein crystals grown under a space microgravity environment. Based on the proposed structure, we introduce inter-subunit disulfide bonds between the small and electron transfer subunits (5 pairs), as well as the catalytic and the electron transfer subunits (9 pairs). Without compromising the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency, a mutant enzyme harboring Pro205Cys in the catalytic subunit, Asp383Cys and Tyr349Cys in the electron transfer subunit, and Lys155Cys in the small subunit, is determined to be the most stable of the variants. The developed engineered enzyme demonstrate a higher catalytic activity and DET ability than the wild type. This mutant retains its full activity below 70 °C as well as after incubation at 75 °C for 15 min – much higher temperatures than the current gold standard enzyme, glucose oxidase, is capable of withstanding.
Tunnel barrier to spin filter: Electronic-transport characteristics of transition metal atom encapsulated in a small Cadmium Telluride cage
Authors: Chavan Kashinath T. , Chandra Sharat , Kshirsagar Anjali 
Published: December 2022

DFT-NEGF based comparative electronic transport studies performed for an atomic chain of Au, a bare Cd9Te9 cage-like cluster, and a single 3d(Ti to Zn) and 4d(Ru to Pd) TM encapsulated Cd9Te9 cluster using Au(111) as electrodes.
Altered chronic glycemic control in a clinically relevant model of rat thoracic spinal contusion
Authors: Harris Kwamie K. , Welch Bradley A. , Smith Allie M. , Pride Yilianys , Grayson Bernadette E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lifetime risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains higher in people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) than in the able-bodied population. However, the mechanisms driving this disparity remain poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a palatable high-fat diet (HFD) on glycemic regulation using a rodent model of moderate thoracic contusion. Animals were placed on either Chow or HFD and tolerance to glucose, insulin, and ENSURE mixed meal were investigated. Important targets in the gut–brain axis were investigated.
HFD consumption equally induced weight gain in SCI and naïve rats over chow (CH) rats. Elevated blood glucose was observed during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in HFD-fed rats over CH-fed rats. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) was unremarkable among the three groups. Gavage of ENSURE resulted in high glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release from SCI rats over naïve controls. An elevation in terminal total GLP-1 was measured, with a marked reduction in circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 4, the GLP-1 cleaving enzyme, in SCI rats, compared with naïve. Increased glucagon mRNA in the pancreas and reduced immunoreactive glucagon-positive staining in the pancreas in SCI rats compared with controls suggested increased glucagon turnover. Finally, GLP-1 receptor gene expression in the ileum, the primary source of GLP-1 production and release, in SCI rats suggests the responsivity of the gut to altered circulating GLP-1 in the body. In conclusion, the actions of GLP-1 and its preprohormone, glucagon, are markedly uncoupled from their actions on glucose control in the SCI rat. More work is required to understand GLP-1 in the human.
Elevator dynamic monitoring and early warning system based on machine learning algorithm
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yin Qiangguo , Wang Jinlong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the rapid progress of modern society, elevator, as a vertical means of transportation in modern high‐rise buildings, has become an indispensable part of People's Daily life. Because the elevator is a kind of mechanical equipment with a very high frequency of use, the peak hour will reach 250 times per hour, and because the elevator in the daily operation of the running parts work many times, the operating system is complex, good quality. Different passengers lead to frequent elevator failures. The dynamic monitoring and early warning system is a system which, according to the characteristics of the elevator, monitors the change trend of risk factors in the elevator by collecting relevant information, and evaluates the degree of deviation of various risk states from the early warning line, so as to send early warning signals to the decision‐making level and take pre‐control countermeasures in advance. Machine learning is a multi‐domain interdisciplinary discipline, which specialises in studying how computers simulate or realise human learning behaviours to acquire new knowledge or skills and reorganise existing knowledge structures to continuously improve their own performance. This study aims to monitor and warn the elevator dynamics. Machine learning algorithm is introduced in this work, and particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used to improve the model. The model is optimised, and the experimental comparison shows that the optimisation of model parameters can further improve the accuracy of elevator load prediction. Then, the deep network prediction model is constructed, and the number of network layers is determined through experiments. Firstly, a multi‐layer network is trained in the training model, and this process can be used to extract the indicators of inducing factors, so as to avoid the difficult and time‐consuming manual extraction of indicators, and improve the prediction accuracy of the system. After five experiments, the prediction errors of the system are 1.14%, 0.54%, 0.07%, 0.12%, and 0.68%. The experimental results show that machine learning algorithm and particle swarm optimisation algorithm play an active role in the research of elevator dynamic monitoring and warning system.
Analytical modelling and experimental validation of compliance-based low-frequency resonators for water circuits
Authors: Kottapalli Shravan , van de Meerendonk Remco , Waterson Nicholas , Nakiboglu Gunes , Hirschberg Avraham , Smeulders David M.J. 
Published: December 2022

Transmission losses of compact compliance-based resonators in water circuits are investigated. Experiments are performed to measure the anechoic transmission losses (TLan) of flexible-plate resonators and a gas resonator designed for frequencies between 10 and 100 Hz. The measurements are compared to theoretical results based on a lumped-element model and a finite-element model. The TLan is measured using a robust form of the multi-microphone method, which gave identical results for open and closed pipe acoustic terminations at the transmission side of the setup. When an estimate of the reflection coefficient at the termination is known, good results are obtained with only one transmission-side microphone. When TLan is high, a single microphone is sufficient on each side. For the flexible-plate resonators the TLan measurements are in agreement with theory except close to resonance, where the transmission signals are below the detection limit. Due to assumptions of a rigid cavity wall and a clamped top-plate, the theoretical resonance frequencies are too high except for the thinnest plate which displays static deformation stiffening. This deformation stiffening limits the possibility to lower the resonance frequency by using a thin flexible plate in a circuit with high static pressure. Low resonance frequencies are easier to reach with a gas resonator, in which a piston separates the water from a volume filled with air. For the gas-resonator, the measurements agree with the theoretical predictions when assuming a significant damping. The friction between the air-water-separation piston and cavity wall is suspected to cause this damping. Theory predicts that the TLan of both resonators designed for same resonance frequencies in absence of losses are equivalent. They therefore have quite similar performances except close to the resonance frequency. The flexible-plate resonator has a higher quality factor and higher (TLan) around the resonance frequency. The gas resonator is more complex and needs more maintenance but allows fine tuning of the resonance frequency by varying the gas volume.
Anti-Aging und Mikronährstoffe – eine Auswahl an
Anti-Seneszenz-Nutrienten
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Bergemann Jörg , Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist mit einigen Mikronährstoffen, wie
Vitamin D und E sowie einigen B-Vitaminen und Selen, nicht ausreichend versorgt.
Doch gerade diese Nährstoffe sowie ω-3-Fettsäuren tragen
dazu bei, im Alter Krankheiten vorzubeugen. ω-3-Fettsäuren bilden
bspw. eine tragende Säule in der Anti-Aging-Medizin. Auch Ubichinol und
Magnesium sind daran beteiligt, Alterungsprozesse zu verlangsamen, im Alter die
Vitalität zu verbessern und der Entwicklung von Alterskrankheiten
entgegenzuwirken.
Der TikTok-Aufklärungskanal „wahrscheinlich peinlich“ (MDR/funk)
Authors: Ohms Gorrety 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung„Alles über Liebe, Sex und Pubertät mit Vicky, Philipp und Max“ – das verspricht der Sexualaufklärungskanal „wahrscheinlich peinlich“ des MDR, der über das öffentlich-rechtliche Online-Angebot funk ausgespielt wird. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag beschreibt, wie der TikTok-Kanal gestaltet wird und welchen Beitrag Studierende der Sexualwissenschaft von der Hochschule Merseburg dabei in puncto Beratung und Evaluation leisten. Besonderheiten der TikTok-Kurzvideos und ihr Einsatz in der Sexuellen Bildung werden skizziert.