bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the Effect of Climate Change on Fire Danger and Fire Behaviour in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve of Meseta Ibérica (Portugal-Spain)
Authors: Aparício Bruno Almeida , Santos João A. , Freitas Teresa R. , Sá Ana C.L. , Pereira José M.C. , Fernandes Paulo M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The impacts of wildfires are increasing in the Mediterranean Basin due to more extreme fire seasons that often overwhelm the response capacity of fire suppression forces. In this study, we quantified the effect of climate change on fire danger (components of the Canadian FWI System) and wildfire behaviour characteristics (rate of spread and fireline intensity) for the four major Mediterranean forest ecosystems in the transboundary biosphere reserve of the Meseta Ibérica under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The effect of climate change on wildfire behaviour was also complemented by considering changes in net primary production (NPP), and hence available fuel. Our results show that the meteorological fire season will start earlier and end later, leading to a significant increase in the number of days with weather conditions that promote large wildfires. For fire behaviour, the most relevant changes will occur in pine forests, where a wildfire with median fireline intensity will offer serious resistance to control from spring to autumn. The severity of fire behaviour in shrublands also increases substantially when considering climate change, with high-intensity wildfires potentially occurring in any time of the year. Both deciduous and evergreen broadleaves forests are predicted to typically generate wildfires that remain within suppression capability. By adjusting NPP to future climate conditions, the fireline intensity may not increase during summer in deciduous and evergreen broadleaves forests, and can even be significantly reduced in shrublands. This study suggests that improved fire planning and management of wildfire-prone landscapes will counteract the effect of climate change on fire behaviour and impacts.
High Temperature Inhibits The Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Gao Wei-Jun , Li Hui-Xia , Feng Juan , Jia Hua , Ma Wen-Zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
As one of the factors of male infertility, high temperature induces apoptosis of differentiated spermatogenic cells, sperm DNA oxidative damage, and changes in morphology and function of Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is a kind of germline stem cells which maintain the spermatogenesis through self-renewal and differentiation. At present, however, the effect of high temperature on SSC differentiation in vitro has not been reported.
Methods
In the present study, we used in vitro differentiation model of SSCs to research the effect of heat stress treatment on SSC differentiation. Firstly, real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of self-renewal and differentiation marker genes in differentiation-cultured SSCs after heat stress treatment. Then, the effect of heat stress on the transcriptome of differentiation cultured SSCs was analyzed by RNA-seq. Enrichment of functions and signaling pathways analysis were performed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database.
Results
We found that 2 days of 37℃ or 43℃ (30min/d) heat stress treatment significantly inhibited SSC differentiation. The differentiation related genes c-kit, stra8, Rec8, Sycp3 and Ovol1 were down-regulated after 2 days and 4 days of heat stress at 37℃. The transcriptome of SSCs was significantly differentially expressed on the second day and fourth day after heat stress treatment at 37℃. In total, 1660 and 7252 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-Seq in SSCs treated with heat stress at 37℃ for 2 days and 4 days respectively, compared with those cultured at 34℃. KEGG pathway analysis showed that P53, ribosome and carbon metabolism signaling pathways promoting stem cell differentiation were significantly enriched after heat stress treatment at 37℃.
Conclusion
These results indicate that high temperature at 37℃ significantly inhibits SSC differentiation and promotes enrichment of P53, ribosome and carbon metabolism signaling pathways in stem cell differentiation, providing a reference for the pathogenesis of heat-induced azoospermia.
Searching the Web Builds Fuller Picture of Arachnid Trade.
Authors: Marshall Benjamin , Strine Colin , Fukushima Caroline , Cardoso Pedro , Orr Michael , Hughes Alice 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wildlife trade is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Here we explore global patterns of trade in the arachnids. Trade in these groups exceeds millions of individuals, with 67% coming directly from the wild, and up to 99% of individuals in some genera. Up to 50% of species in popular taxa such as tarantulas are in trade, including 25% of species described since 2000. Overall, 1,264 species from 66 families and 371 genera were detected in trade. Threatened and potentially undescribed species were noted in trade. CITES only covers 30 (2%) of the species potentially traded. We mapped the percentage and number of species native to each country in trade. To enable sustainable trade better data on species distributions and better conservation status assessments are needed. The disparity between trade data sources highlights the need to expand monitoring if impacts on wild populations are to be accurately gauged.
The Immediate and Short-term Impact of COVID 19 Infections on Nurses in a UAE Hospital
Authors: Qawasmeh Khaled Al , Amiri Nabeel Al , Nuaimi Salma Al 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background/Aims: Nurses were on the front line against the COVID 19 pandemic, fighting to save human lives. Many nurses sacrificed their well-being and social life to win the battle. In consequence, many nurses have been infected with the virus around the Globe. This study aims to determine the immediate and short-term physical, psychological, and social impact of COVID 19 infection on nurses and midwives retrospectively. On the other hand, it aims to find the effect of COVID 19 stigma on the self-esteem of the infected nurses. Methods: To achieve this goal, the authors used an exploratory, mixed-method design with a sample of nurses and midwives working in a tertiary hospital in UAE who has been infected with the COVID 19 virus and recovered. Results: The careful exploration of the experiences of nurses infected with the COVID 19 virus suggested a simple model that manages the patients in hospitals and at homes, including improving self-efficacy and patient coping, providing the basic nursing skills to patients and families, providing continuous psychological support, and providing high standards of health care. Conclusion: This will maintain a positive status of wellbeing amongst infected patients during the infection time and in 3-6 months after the infection.
Uncertainty Analysis of Flow Resistance Modeling In Sewer Pipes With Different Bed Conditions Using KELM Method
Authors: Ghasempour Roghaye , Roushangar Kiyoumars , Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad , Alizadeh Farhad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An accurate prediction of flow resistance in channels or pipes which is used for carrying rain water or sewage is an important issue in hydraulic engineering. In this study, the capability of two artificial intelligence methods namely; Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) was utilized for the Manning roughness coefficient modeling in circular sewer pipes with smooth and rough beds. During model developing process, at first the most effective variables related to hydraulic and sediment properties were selected using Factorial Analysis (FA) method, then, various models were developed based on the selected parameters. The models were tested using some available experimental datasets. The obtained results showed that there resulted high efficiency with FFNN and KELM methods in Manning coefficient modeling. It was found that both hydraulic and sediment properties were effective in modeling process. The sensitivity analysis results showed that d50/R variable (the ratio of median diameter of sediment size to the hydraulic radius) was the most significant parameter in modeling process. Finally, an uncertainty analysis was conducted to assess the dependability of the best applied ‎model, and the results revealed that the KELM model possesses an acceptable level of ‎uncertainty in roughness coefficient modeling.
Effects of Carbon Ion Beam-induced Mutagenesis for the Screening of RED Production-deficient Mutants of Streptomyces Coelicolor JCM4020
Authors: Yanagisawa Masaomi , Asamizu Shumpei , Satoh Katsuya , Oono Yutaka , Onaka Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Streptomyces lividans TK23 interacts with mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB), such as Tsukamurella pulmonis TP-B0596, and this direct cell contact activates its secondary metabolism (e.g., the production of undecylprodigiosin: RED). Here, we employed carbon (12C5+) ion beam-induced mutagenesis to investigate the signature of induced point mutations and further identify the gene(s) responsible for the production of secondary metabolites induced by T. pulmonis. We irradiated spores of the Streptomyces coelicolor strain JCM4020 with carbon ions to generate a mutant library. We screened the RED production-deficient mutants of S. coelicolor by mixing them with T. pulmonis TP-B0596 on agar plates, identifying the red/white phenotype of the growing colonies. Through this process, we selected 59 RED-deficient mutants from around 152,000 tested spores. We resequenced the genomes of 16 mutants and identified 44 point mutations induced by irradiation. The mutation signature of the 12C5+-irradiated samples differed from those of the UV-irradiated, NTG-treated, or reactive oxygen species-treated samples. Via gene complementation experiments, we also revealed that two genes—glutamate synthase (gltB) and elongation factor G (fusA)—are responsible for the reduced production of RED.
Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Causes Nasal Viral Infection Leading to Olfactory Bulb Infection: an Experimental Study
Authors: Ueha Rumi , Ito Toshihiro , Furukawa Ryutaro , Kitabatake Masahiro , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Ueha Satoshi , Koyama Misaki , Uranaka Tsukasa , Kondo Kenji , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can cause long-lasting anosmia, but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can spread to the nasal cavity via the oral route, on the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage and olfactory bulb (OB) remains undetermined. Using Syrian hamsters, we explored whether oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation can lead to nasal viral infection, examined how SARS-CoV-2 affects the ORN lineage by site, and investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can spread to the OB and induce inflammation. On post-inoculation day 7, SARS-CoV-2 presence was confirmed in the lateral area (OCAM-positive) but not the nasal septum of NQO1-positive and OCAM-positive areas. The virus was observed partially infiltrating the olfactory epithelium, and ORN progenitor cells, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs were fewer than in controls. The virus was found in the olfactory nerve bundles to the OB, suggesting the nasal cavity as a route for SARS-CoV-2 brain infection. We demonstrated that transoral SARS-CoV-2 infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system and the possibility of central olfactory dysfunction due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The virus was localized at the infection site and could damage all ORN-lineage cells.
16-Ports Indoor Base Station MIMO Array for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Abouelnaga Tamer Gaber , Zewail Ibrahim , Shokair Mona 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A typical 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system must combine a high number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to realize spatial multiplexing capability. In this paper, a wideband 16- element indoor base station (BS) antenna array that can cover 3.3–6.0 GHz is proposed for 5G applications. A π-shaped monopole antenna is designed to cover the Lower band (LTE bands 42/43 - N77 - N78), the intermediate band (N79), and the higher band (LTE 46). The antenna elements are arranged in a limited space printed on a substrate takes the Hexakaidecagon Polygon shape. Where, the antenna elements are arranged with good isolation, achieving good polarization diversity. The proposed BS array is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The typical results, S- parameters, antenna efficiency, and radiation patterns are investigated. Moreover, to validate the MIMO performances, a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02, high antenna efficiency of about 82% - 93.2% are achieved. The calculated ergodic channel capacity of the 16×16 MIMO system reached up to 85 bps/Hz. A comparison between the proposed antenna array and some other 5G MIMO indoor base station antennas is studied.
Evaluation of clinical outcomes of antibiotic treatment and appendectomy for appendicitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jia Zhe , Zhang Haitao , Bai Jie , Li Ning 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and aims:
Studies have exhibited the superiority of appendectomy to antibiotics in acute appendicitis (AA) treatment for the overall effective rate and relapse. However, evidence to support the efficacy of appendectomy is lacking because limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted. Thus, the present study attempted to compare the two treatment methods through the meta-analysis of RCTs.
Methods
Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and Web of Knowledge were searched. RCTs comparing conservative therapy and surgical treatment for AA and published in any language between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. The primary outcomes were 1-year efficiency and incidences of complications, whereas the secondary outcomes were length of stay and sick leave duration. The odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) were combined, and the fixed- and random-effects models were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
The present study was conducted based on 12 studies involving 4195 patients and comparing appendectomy with antibiotic treatment. Of the total, 2135 patients had underwent appendectomy and 2060 were treated with antibiotics. The 1-year OR after antibiotic therapy and appendectomy was 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.06). The MD for the two groups for length of stay was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.16–0.61). Appendectomy exhibited a significantly higher treatment efficiency at 1 year and shorter hospital stay than antibiotic treatment. However, antibiotic treatment exhibited lower incidences of treatment-related complications (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37–0.74; P = 0.0002) and sick leave duration (P < 0.05) than appendectomy.
Conclusions
Antibiotics are not inferior to appendectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis. However, patients with an appendicolith exhibited higher recurrence risk after conservative treatment, and surgery is a better option for such patients.
Identification of occult hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors with non-discriminated reactive in southwest China
Authors: Zhang Qiaolin , Yin Dan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Since 2011, Chongqing Blood Center began routine screening of viral nucleic acid using a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HIV-1 RNA in blood donations. However, this multiplex nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening system introduced an intractable problem of non-discriminated reactive (NDR) donations, which were serologically nonreactive and reactive in multiplex NAT screening, but nonreactive in the following virus-specific discriminatory NAT assays. Some donations were considered to arise from the presence of low-level HBV DNA due to occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). We identified OBI among NDR donations in Chongqing area. In addition, rationality of the current blood screening strategy was evaluated.
Methods
From August 2017 to July 2018, 190 NDR blood donations were collected from 140577 volunteer blood donors at Chongqing Blood Center. Repeated discriminatory HBV (dHBV) testing, minipools-NAT (MPs-NAT), quantitative viral load determination and complementary serological testing were used to confirm OBI.
Results
Of 190 NDR donations, sixty-three (33.2%) were identified as OBI, sixty-one (32.1%) were repeatedly reactive in discriminatory HBV assay. Two (1.1%) were positive for HBV DNA in MPX assay on Roche Cobas s201 system. Of these sixty-three OBI donations, only thirteen (20.6%) were positive in Cobas AmpliPrep/TaqMan HBV DNA quantitative assay, which were all less than 20IU/ml. Anti-HBc and anti-HBs were detected in 85.3% and 58.4% of NDR donors, respectively. Anti-HBc and anti-HBs were detected in 96.8% and 47.6% of confirmed OBI donors in NDR group, respectively. Anti-HBc and anti-HBs were detected in 79.5% and 63.8% of unclassified donors in NDR group, respectively. There was no statistical difference in positive rate of anti-HBc between NDR donations and dHBV-initially-reactive donations (85.3% vs 90.0%). The male to female ratio was 2.2 of OBI donors in NDR group. The proportion of repeat-time OBI donors in NDR group was higher than that in dHBV-initially-reactive group (63.5% vs 50.0%). The median age of OBI donors was 45 years in NDR group.
Conclusion
A complicated OBI confirmatory procedure with labour-intensive and sophisticated equipment was implemented successfully. OBI with extremely low virus concentration is the main reason for discriminatory NAT nonreactive among blood donors in Chongqing area. The current blood screening strategy is a reasonable measure to reduce the risk of transfusion, which is able to maximize blood safety.
Anemia and Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy: Subgroup analysis of the CLIP Cluster-Randomized Trial in India
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N. , Bellad Mrutyunjaya , Goudar Shivaprasad , Mallapur Ashalata , Charantimath Umesh , Ramadurg Umesh , Katageri Geetanjali , Lesperance Maria , Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Suleman Raiya , Sharma Sumedha , Vidler Marianne , Derman Richard , Magee Laura A , von Dadelszen Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIron-deficiency anemia is a known risk factor for several adverse perinatal outcomes, but its impact on maternal morbidity is less certain. Further, data on associations between anemia in early pregnancy and subsequent outcomes are understudied. MethodsThe study population was derived from the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trial in Karnataka State, India (NCT01911494). Included were women who were enrolled in either trial arm, delivered by trial end date, and had a baseline measure of hemoglobin (Hb). Anemia was classified by WHO standards into four groups: none (Hb ≥ 11 g/dL), mild (10.0g/dL ≤ Hb < 11.0 g/dL), moderate (7.0g/dL ≤ Hb < 10.0 g/dL) and severe (Hb < 7.0 g/dL). Targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate confounder-adjusted associations between anemia and a composite (and its components) of adverse maternal outcomes, including pregnancy hypertension. E-values were calculated to assess robustness to unmeasured confounding.ResultsOf 11,370 women included, 10,066 (88.5%) had anemia, that was mild (3690, 32.5%), moderate (6023, 53.0%), or severe (68, 0.6%). Almost all women (>99%) reported taking iron supplements during pregnancy. Blood transfusions was more often administered to those with anemia that was mild (risk ratio [RR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-3.56), moderate (RR 2.37, 95% CI 1.56-3.59), and severe (RR 5.70, 95% CI 3.00-10.85). No significant association was evident between anemia severity and haemorrhage (antepartum or postpartum) or sepsis, but there was a U-shaped association between anemia severity and pregnancy hypertension and pre-eclampsia specifically, with the lowest risk seen among those with mild or moderate anemia.ConclusionIn Karnataka State, India, current management strategies for mild-moderate anemia in early pregnancy are associated with similar rates of adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes, and a lower risk of pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia, compared with no anemia in early pregnancy. Future research should focus on risk mitigation for women with severe anemia, and the potential effect of iron supplementation for women with normal Hb in early pregnancy.FundingPRE-EMPT, a grant awarded to University of British Columbia by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (# OPP1017337).
Genome-wide identification, expression analysis and evolutionary relationships of the IQ67-domain gene family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its progenitors
Authors: Ke Qinglin , Sun Huifan , Luo Ruihan , Zeng Yan , Wang Mengxing , Li Yihan , Li Zhimin , Cui Licao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe plant-specific IQ67-domain (IQD) gene family plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about the IQD family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L), an agriculturally important crop that provides more than 20% of the calories and protein consumed in the modern human diet. ResultsWe identified 125 IQDs in the wheat genome and divided them into four subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. The IQDs belonging to the same subgroup had similar exon-intron structure and conserved motif composition. Polyploidization contributed significantly to the expansion of IQD genes in wheat. Characterization of the expression profile of these genes revealed that a few T. aestivum (Ta)IQDs are tissue-specific, but most are ubiquitously expressed. The stress-induced expression pattern also revealed a potential role of TaIQDs in environmental adaptation, as TaIQD-2A-2, TaIQD-3A-9 and TaIQD-1A-7 were significantly induced by cold, drought and heat stresses, and could be candidates for functional validation and further used for molecular breeding. In addition, IQD genes in the A, B and D subgenomes displayed an asymmetric evolutionary pattern, as evidenced by their different gain or loss of member genes, expression levels and nucleotide diversity. ConclusionsThis study elucidated the biological functions and evolutionary relationships of the IQD gene family in wheat and revealed the divergent fates of IQD genes during polyploidization.