bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenure Security in War-Affected Scenarios: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability
Authors: Unruh Jon , Shalaby Mourad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the role of land rights and tenure security in war-affected scenarios. Because armed conflict and tenure security both operate in the domain of spatial relationships between people, the connection between them is acutely intimate. War-torn land tenure scenarios are unique in their combination of a weakened and chaotic formal (statutory) system, vigorous but very fluid informal tenure activity, along with the presence of political demands regarding land, and international actors that have a large interest and influence in the direction of recovery. While this combination carries risks, it also represents real opportunity for practical and policy reform in support of tenure security and sustainability. Subsequent to a review of the land tenure security issues that emerge prior to, during, and after armed conflict, the chapter describes how certain forms of post-conflict land rights recovery can support tenure security and contribute to long-term sustainability. The chapter presents the case of Afghanistan to highlight the issues of conflict and tenure security.
Introduction: What Sort of Past Does Our Future Need?
Authors: Izdebski Adam , Haldon John , Filipkowski Piotr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this short introduction we set out the aims of the volume, which represents the fruits of two seminars held in the autumn of 2020. The chapters respond to one big thematic issue: how to research and understand historical societal resilience; and one big question: what sort of past does the future need? They attempt to address these through three linked themes: can history be made more relevant to modern policy in respect of environmental and climate challenges? To what extent do our various sources indicate awareness and management of risk and/or the implementation of mitigating strategies in the past? And how can we identify ‘resilience’ in the social praxis of historical agents?
A Perfect Tsunami? El Nino, War and Resilience on Aceh, Sumatra
Authors: Kreike Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe history of Aceh, Indonesia highlights societies’ resilience and vulnerability in the face of natural and human-made disasters. A multi-scalar, qualitative and quantitative analysis of land use changes in nineteenth century Greater Aceh by using GIS analysis, highlights that processes may play out differently at the system and subsystem levels. At the system’s meso and micro levels, the episodic and the structural violence of war, climate anomalies, and tsunamis wiped out entire communities and families of people, animals, and plants while at the macro scale Aceh society showed remarkable resilience. Greater Aceh’s case also suggests that the impact of war through population displacement and the destruction of such environmental infrastructure as homes, villages, orchards, and irrigated fields while less immediately and directly destructive than such episodic events as the devastating 2004 tsunami, nevertheless may have a comparable impact because the events are more sustained and cumulative over a timeframe of years and decades.
Data Science and Earth System Science
Authors: zu Castell Wolfgang , Ruhnke Roland , Bouwer Laurens M. , Brix Holger , Dietrich Peter , Dransch Doris , Frickenhaus Stephan , Greinert Jens , Petzold Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData-driven science has turned into a fourth fundamental paradigm of performing research. Earth System Science, following a holistic approach in unraveling the complex network of processes and interactions shaping system Earth, particularly profits from embracing data-driven approaches next to observation and modeling. At the end, increasing digitalization of Earth sciences will lead to cultural transformation towards a Digital Earth Culture.
Data Analysis and Exploration with Computational Approaches
Authors: Wichert Viktoria , Bouwer Laurens M. , Abraham Nicola , Brix Holger , Callies Ulrich , González Ávalos Everardo , Marien Lennart Christopher , Matthias Volker , Michaelis Patrick , Rabe Daniela , Rechid Diana , Ruhnke Roland , Scharun Christian , Valizadeh Mahyar , Vlasenko Andrey , zu Castell Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly applied in Earth system research, for improving data analysis, and model performance, and eventually system understanding. In the Digital Earth project, several ML approaches have been tested and applied, and are discussed in this chapter. These include data analysis using supervised learning and classification for detection of river levees and underwater ammunition; process estimation of methane emissions and for environmental health; point-to-space extrapolation of varying observed quantities; anomaly and event detection in spatial and temporal geoscientific datasets. We present the approaches and results, and finally, we provide some conclusions on the broad applications of these computational data exploration methods and approaches.
Evaluating the Success of the Digital Earth Project
Authors: Bouwer Laurens M. , Rechid Diana , Fritzsch Bernadette , Henkel Daniela , Kalbacher Thomas , Köckeritz Werner , Ruhnke Roland 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Digital Earth project aims at a strong interrelation between Data and Earth Science and a step-change in implementing data science methods within Earth science research. During the project, the progress of interdisciplinary collaboration and adoption of data science methods has been measured and assessed with the goal to trace the success of the project. This chapter provides the set-up of this evaluation and the results from two online questionnaires that were held after the start and before the end of the project.
Quality Assurance and Design-Time Optimization
Authors: Kumara Indika , Lazzaro Alfio , Mujkanovic Nina , Vasileiou Zoe , Tamburri Damian A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous applications are getting more and more complex, making the authoring of their deployment models an error-prone and demanding task. Heterogeneous resources also make performance optimization of applications complex. In this chapter, we will present the quality assurance and application optimization support of the SODALITE framework, which offers the capabilities for verifying deployment models, detecting bugs and smells in them, and optimizing application components for specific hardware resources. This chapter discusses how the above-mentioned capabilities of the SODALITE framework can be used to develop optimized, defect-free deployment models.
Toward Impact Generation and Future Research
Authors: Pita Costa Joao , Di Nitto Elisabetta , Kumara Indika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis book has presented the main results developed by the SODALITE project, some examples of models an end-user can develop for the purpose of exploiting the SODALITE deployment and operation features, and the three specific case studies that have been used as first experimental playground for the approach. In this chapter we wrap up by first providing an overview of how the SODALITE results are being packaged in ready-to-use tools and then discussing about future research challenges.
On The Two-Dimensional Stokes Problem in Exterior Domains: The Maximum Modulus Theorem
Authors: Maremonti Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional Stokes IBVP on $$(0,T)\times \Omega $$

(
0
,
T
)
×
Ω

is investigated under the assumptions that $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

is a smooth exterior domain, the initial datum $$v_0$$

v
0

belongs to $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

and $$(v_0,\nabla \phi )=0$$

(

v
0

,
∇
ϕ
)
=
0

for all $$\phi \in L^1_{\ell oc}(\Omega )$$

ϕ
∈

L

ℓ
o
c

1

(
Ω
)

with $$\nabla \phi \in L^1(\Omega )$$

∇
ϕ
∈

L
1

(
Ω
)

. The well-posedeness in $$L^\infty ((0,T)\times \Omega )$$

L
∞

(

(
0
,
T
)

×
Ω
)

and the maximum modulus theorem are achieved, in particular one deduces that the Stokes semigroup on $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

is a bounded analytic semigroup.
Association of Intravenous Thrombolysis with Delayed Reperfusion After Incomplete Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Mujanovic Adnan , Kammer Christoph , Kurmann Christoph C. , Grunder Lorenz , Beyeler Morin , Lang Matthias F. , Piechowiak Eike I. , Meinel Thomas R. , Jung Simon , Almiri William , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Hoffmann Angelika , Seiffge David J. , Heldner Mirjam R. , Dobrocky Tomas , Mordasini Pasquale , Arnold Marcel , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of distal vessel occlusions causing incomplete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is debated. We hypothesized that pretreatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) may facilitate delayed reperfusion (DR) of residual vessel occlusions causing incomplete reperfusion after MT.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients with incomplete reperfusion after MT, defined as extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) 2a–2c, and available perfusion follow-up imaging at 24 ± 12 h after MT. DR was defined as absence of any perfusion deficit on time-sensitive perfusion maps, indicating the absence of any residual occlusion. The association of IVT with the occurrence of DR was evaluated using a logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Sensitivity analyses based on IVT timing (time between IVT start and the occurrence incomplete reperfusion following MT) were performed.

Results
In 368 included patients (median age 73.7 years, 51.1% female), DR occurred in 225 (61.1%). Atrial fibrillation, higher eTICI grade, better collateral status and longer intervention-to-follow-up time were all associated with DR. IVT did not show an association with the occurrence of DR (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.44–1.46, even in time-sensitive strata, aOR 2.28 [95% CI 0.65–9.23] and aOR 1.53 [95% CI 0.52–4.73] for IVT to incomplete reperfusion following MT timing <80 and <100 min, respectively).

Conclusion
A DR occurred in 60% of patients with incomplete MT at ~24 h and did not seem to occur more often in patients receiving pretreatment IVT. Further research on potential associations of IVT and DR after MT is required.
Attention-based domain adaptation for single-stage detectors
Authors: Vidit Vidit , Salzmann Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile domain adaptation has been used to improve the performance of object detectors when the training and test data follow different distributions, previous work has mostly focused on two-stage detectors. This is because their use of region proposals makes it possible to perform local adaptation, which has been shown to significantly improve the adaptation effectiveness. Here, by contrast, we target single-stage architectures, which are better suited to resource-constrained detection than two-stage ones but do not provide region proposals. To nonetheless benefit from the strength of local adaptation, we introduce an attention mechanism that lets us identify the important regions on which adaptation should focus. Our method gradually adapts the features from global, image level to local, instance level. Our approach is generic and can be integrated into any Single-Shot Detector. We demonstrate this on standard benchmark datasets by applying it to both the single-shot detector (SSD) and a recent variant of the You Only Look Once detector (YOLOv5). Furthermore, for equivalent single-stage architectures, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art domain adaptation techniques even though they were designed for specific detectors.
Comparison concept and quality metrics for GNSS antenna calibrations
Authors: Kersten Tobias , Kröger Johannes , Schön Steffen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise values for absolute receiver antenna phase centre corrections (PCC) are one prerequisite for high-quality GNSS applications. Currently, antenna calibrations are performed by different institutes using a robot in the field or in an anechoic chamber. The differences between the antenna patterns are significant and require a sound comparison concept and a detailed study to quantify the impact on geodetic parameters, such as station coordinates, zenith wet delays (ZWDs) or receiver clock estimates. Furthermore, a discussion on acceptable pattern uncertainties is needed. Therefore, a comparison strategy for receiver antenna calibration values is presented using a set of individually and absolutely calibrated Leica AR25 antennas from the European Permanent Network (EPN), both from the robot (Geo++ company) and from the chamber approach (University of Bonn). Newly developed scalar metrics and their benefits are highlighted and discussed in relation to further structural analysis. With our metrics, properties of 25 patterns pairs (robot/chamber) could be used to successfully assign seven individual groups. The impact of PCC on the estimated parameters depends on the PCC structure, its sampling by the satellite distribution and the applied processing parameters. A regional sub-network of the EPN is analysed using the double difference (DD) and the precise point positioning (PPP) methods. For DD, depending on the antenna category differences in the estimated parameters between 1 and 12 mm are identified also affecting the ZWDs. For PPP, the consistency of the observables, i.e. potential differences in the reference point of carrier phase and code observations, additionally affects the distribution among the different parameters and residuals.
Effective Mass Theorems with Bloch Modes Crossings
Authors: Chabu Victor , Fermanian Kammerer Clotilde , Macià Fabricio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study a Schrödinger equation modeling the dynamics of an electron in a crystal in the asymptotic regime of small wave-length comparable to the characteristic scale of the crystal. Using Floquet Bloch decomposition, we obtain a description of the limit of time averaged energy densities. We make a rather general assumption assuming that the initial data are uniformly bounded in a high order Sobolev spaces and that the crossings between Bloch modes are at worst conical. We show that despite the singularity they create, conical crossing do not trap the energy and do not prevent dispersion. We also investigate the interactions between modes that can occurred when there are some degenerate crossings between Bloch bands.
Studying the Parkinson’s disease metabolome and exposome in biological samples through different analytical and cheminformatics approaches: a pilot study
Authors: Talavera Andújar Begoña , Aurich Dagny , Aho Velma T. E. , Singh Randolph R. , Cheng Tiejun , Zaslavsky Leonid , Bolton Evan E. , Mollenhauer Brit , Wilmes Paul , Schymanski Emma L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with an increasing incidence in recent years due to the aging population. Genetic mutations alone only explain <10% of PD cases, while environmental factors, including small molecules, may play a significant role in PD. In the present work, 22 plasma (11 PD, 11 control) and 19 feces samples (10 PD, 9 control) were analyzed by non-target high-resolution mass spectrometry (NT-HRMS) coupled to two liquid chromatography (LC) methods (reversed-phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)). A cheminformatics workflow was optimized using open software (MS-DIAL and patRoon) and open databases (all public MSP-formatted spectral libraries for MS-DIAL, PubChemLite for Exposomics, and the LITMINEDNEURO list for patRoon). Furthermore, five disease-specific databases and three suspect lists (on PD and related disorders) were developed, using PubChem functionality to identifying relevant unknown chemicals. The results showed that non-target screening with the larger databases generally provided better results compared with smaller suspect lists. However, two suspect screening approaches with patRoon were also good options to study specific chemicals in PD. The combination of chromatographic methods (RP and HILIC) as well as two ionization modes (positive and negative) enhanced the coverage of chemicals in the biological samples. While most metabolomics studies in PD have focused on blood and cerebrospinal fluid, we found a higher number of relevant features in feces, such as alanine betaine or nicotinamide, which can be directly metabolized by gut microbiota. This highlights the potential role of gut dysbiosis in PD development.
Influence of meat batter addition in ground beef on structural properties and quality parameters
Authors: Berger Lisa M. , Gibis Monika , Witte Franziska , Terjung Nino , Weiss Jochen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe determination of the amount of non-intact cells (ANIC) in ground beef products is usually performed using a time-consuming and subjective histometric approach neglecting structural properties, which is why more objective and faster methods including evaluation of quality parameters are needed. To determine, whether the addition of meat batter increases the histologically determined ANIC ground beef samples containing increasing shares of meat batter (non-intact cells) were investigated histologically and results were compared to other methodological approaches, namely lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), soluble protein content, metmyoglobin content, drip loss, firmness, and cooking loss. Histological measurements showed that ANIC increased linearly with the addition of meat batter to ground beef. The quality parameters drip loss (r = − 0.834, p < 0.01) and firmness (r = − 0.499, p < 0.01), and the structural parameter metmyoglobin content (r = 0.924, p < 0.01) revealed significant correlations with the amount of added meat batter, and detected differences between ground beef samples when the difference in the amount of added batter-like-substance was ≥ 25%. Therefore, those methods might be useful to estimate and extrapolate ANIC, and assess product quality of ground beef samples in a faster and simpler way. The cooking loss was not affected by meat batter addition, whereas LDH activity revealed non-repeatable results. Taken together, histometric methods are useful to measure ANIC, nevertheless, it is limited in terms of characterization of morphological and structural changes in the meat. However, other parameters were correlated and could, in addition, be used for assessing the quality of ground meat.
A lexicographic maximin approach to the selective assessment routing problem
Authors: Hakimifar Mohammadmehdi , Hemmelmayr Vera C. , Tricoire Fabien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMax-min approaches have been widely applied to address equity as an essential consideration in humanitarian operations. These approaches, however, have a significant drawback of being neutral when it comes to solutions with the same minimum values. These equivalent solutions, from a max-min point of view, might be significantly different. We address this problem using the lexicographic maximin approach, a refinement of the classic max-min approach. We apply this approach in the rapid needs assessment process, which is carried out immediately after the onset of a disaster, to investigate the disaster’s impact on the affected community groups through field visits. We construct routes for an assessment plan to cover community groups, each carrying a distinct characteristic, such that the vector of coverage ratios are maximized. We define the leximin selective assessment problem, which considers the bi-objective optimization of total assessment time and coverage ratio vector maximization. We solve the bi-objective problem by a heuristic approach based on the multi-directional local search framework.
Two-dimensional polarization doping of GaN heterojunction and its potential for realizing lateral p–n junction devices
Authors: Wang Zeheng , Li Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the gallium nitride (GaN) commercial applications such as high-power illumination and portable charging station, bipolar devices are highly demanded because of their superior power transfer capability. Also, in other scenarios of the monolithic integration where high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) or superlattice-based devices are presented, the peripheral components are preferred to be lateral. However, to realize such a lateral bipolar junction in GaN, high-concentration p-type dopant doping is still challenging and hardly compatible with the HEMT integration. In this work, we proposed a novel strategy to form lateral bipolar GaN p–n junctions, enabled by the two-dimensional polarization doping. The theory and the simulation reveal this strategy features inspiring forwarding, blocking, and switching performance. Given the recent success of the GaN selective area regrowth techniques, the proposed lateral bipolar junction is highly promising in monolithic heterojunction integration in the future.
Two-phase elastic axisymmetric nanoplates
Authors: Vaccaro Marzia Sara , Sedighi Hamid M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the two-phase integral theory of elasticity developed in Barretta et al. (Phys E 97:13–30, 2018) for nano-beams is generalized to model two-dimensional nano-continua. Notably, a well-posed mixture local/stress-driven nonlocal elasticity is proposed to accurately predict size effects in Kirchhoff axisymmetric nanoplates. The key idea is to express the elastic radial curvature as a convex combination of local and nonlocal integral responses, that is a coherent choice motivated by virtue of the plate axisymmetry. The relevant structural problem is shown to be governed by a set of integro-differential equations, whose solution is computationally onerous. Thus, Helmholtz’s averaging kernel is advantageously adopted, since it enables explicit inversion of the integral constitutive law by virtue of an equivalence property. Specifically, the elastostatic problem of axisymmetry nanoplates is equivalently formulated in a differential form whose solution in terms of transverse displacement field is governed by nonlocal and mixture parameters. A parametric study is performed for case studies of applicative interest, and numerical solutions are finally provided and discussed. The presented methodology can be adopted to design and optimization of plate-based nano-electro-mechanical-systems (NEMS).
Three-dimensional SEM, TEM, and STEM for analysis of large-scale biological systems
Authors: Radulović Snježana , Sunkara Sowmya , Rachel Reinhard , Leitinger Gerd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA major aim in structural cell biology is to analyze intact cells in three dimensions, visualize subcellular structures, and even localize proteins at the best possible resolution in three dimensions. Though recently developed electron microscopy tools such as electron tomography, or three-dimensional (3D) scanning electron microscopy, offer great resolution in three dimensions, the challenge is that, the better the resolution, usually the smaller the volume under investigation. Several different approaches to overcome this challenge were presented at the Microscopy Conference in Vienna in 2021. These tools include array tomography, batch tomography, or scanning transmission electron tomography, all of which can nowadays be extended toward correlative light and electron tomography, with greatly increased 3D information. Here, we review these tools, describe the underlying procedures, and discuss their advantages and limits.