bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel Online Algorithms for the Bin Packing Problem
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Grosse-Holz Jonas , Keldenich Phillip , Schmidt Arne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study parallel online algorithms: For some fixed integer k, a collective of k parallel processes that perform online decisions on the same sequence of events forms a k-copy algorithm. For any given time and input sequence, the overall performance is determined by the best of the k individual total results. Problems of this type have been considered for online makespan minimization; they are also related to optimization with advice on future events, i.e., a number of bits available in advance. Parallel online algorithms are also of interest in practical scenarios in which redundancy is used for hedging against undesired outcomes. We develop Predictive Harmonic$$_3$$

3

(PH3), a relatively simple family of k-copy algorithms for the online Bin Packing Problem, whose joint competitive factor converges to 1.5 for increasing k. In particular, we show that $$k=6$$

k
=
6

suffices to guarantee a factor of 1.5714 for PH3, which is better than 1.57829, the performance of the best known 1-copy algorithm Advanced Harmonic, while $$k=11$$

k
=
11

suffices to achieve a factor of 1.5406, beating the known lower bound of 1.54278 for a single online algorithm. In the context of online optimization with advice, our approach implies that 4 bits suffice to achieve a factor better than this bound of 1.54278, which is considerably less than the previous bound of 15 bits.
Parameterized Complexity of Diameter
Authors: Bentert Matthias , Nichterlein André 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiameter—the task of computing the length of a longest shortest path—is a fundamental graph problem. Assuming the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis, there is no $$O(n^{1.99})$$

O
(

n

1.99

)

-time algorithm even in sparse graphs (Roditty L, Williams, VV in Fast approximation algorithms for the diameter and radius of sparse graphs. In: Proceedings of the 45th Symposium on Theory of Computing Conference (STOC ’13), pp 515–524. ACM, 2013). To circumvent this lower bound, we investigate which parameters allow for running times of the form $$f(k) (n+m)$$

f
(
k
)
(
n
+
m
)

where k is the respective parameter and f is a computable function. To this end, we systematically explore a hierarchy of structural graph parameters.
Blood pressure and kidney function in neonates and young infants with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Heuchel Katharina Monika , Ebach Fabian , Alsat Ebru Aileen , Reutter Heiko , Mueller Andreas , Hilger Alina Christine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been associated with changes in kidney anatomy, nephrogenesis and the vascular system, resulting in secondary arterial hypertension and kidney damage in adulthood. Here, we compare routine clinical and metabolic parameters between IUGR and non-IUGR study participants in the neonatal and early infant period.

Methods
A total of 39 IUGR and 60 non-IUGR neonates were included during an 18-month study period. We compared blood pressure, serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin, α-1-microglobulin, transferrin, immunoglobulin G and total protein excretion in spontaneous urine normalized by urine creatinine level during the hospital stay.

Results
There were no significant differences in mean values of blood pressure and urinary protein excretion between cases and controls. SCr and BUN levels were lower in the IUGR group compared to the non-IUGR group.

Conclusions
The lower levels of SCr and BUN may be attributed to lower liver and muscle mass in IUGR neonates and young infants. Biomarkers currently used in routine clinical care do not allow early postnatal prediction of higher blood pressure or worse kidney function due to IUGR, so further studies are needed.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
A systematic review identifying outcome measures used in evaluating adults sustaining cervical spine fractures
Authors: Copley Phillip C. , Tadross Daniel , Salloum Nadia , Woodfield Julie , Edlmann Ellie , Poon Michael , Khan Sadaquate , Brennan Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the outcome measures used in studies investigating cervical spine fractures in adults, with or without associated spinal cord injury, to inform development of a core outcome set.

Methods
Medline, Embase and Scopus were searched for relevant studies until May 28, 2022, without a historic limit on study date. Study characteristics, population characteristics and outcomes reported were extracted and analyzed.

Results
Our literature search identified 536 studies that met criteria for inclusion, involving 393,266 patients. Most studies were single center (87.3%), retrospective studies (88.9%) and involved a median of 40 patients (range 6–167,278). Treatments assessed included: surgery (55.2%), conservative (6.2%), halo immobilization (4.9%), or a mixture (33.2%). Median study duration was 84 months (range 3–564 months); the timing of clinical and/or radiological follow-up assessment after injury was reported in 56.7%. There was significant heterogeneity in outcomes used, with 79 different reported outcomes measures. Differences in use were identified between smaller/larger, retro-/prospective and single/multicenter cohorts. Over time, the use of radiological outcomes has declined with greater emphasis on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Studies of conservative management were more likely to detail PROMs and mortality, whereas surgical studies reported Frankel/ASIA grade, radiological fusion, complication rates, duration of hospital stay and re-operation rates more frequently. In studies assessing the elderly population (> 65 years), use of PROMs, mortality, hospital stay and discharge destination were more common, whereas fusion was reported less often. Response rates for outcome assessments were lower in studies assessing elderly patients, and studies using PROMs.

Conclusions
We have classified the various outcome measures used for patients with cervical spine fractures based on the COMET outcome taxonomy. We also described the contexts in which different outcomes are more commonly employed to help guide decision-making when designing future research endeavors.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy: an online national survey
Authors: Formoso Gloria , Bianchi Cristina , Burlina Silvia , Manicardi Elisa , Sculli Maria Angela , Resi Veronica , Sciacca Laura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
As recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), health practitioners should encourage a healthy nutrition and adequate weight gain during pregnancy in order to ensure favorable pregnancy and fetal outcomes, and to prevent diseases later in life for both mother and child. The purpose of this online survey was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 IOM recommendations among healthcare professionals managing nutritional therapy in pregnancies complicated by diabetes in Italy.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using an online self-administered questionnaire undertaken between October and December 2021.

Results
Of the 220 participants 89% were diabetologists/endocrinologists/internal medicine specialists and 11% dietitians/nutritionists. The survey found that the 53% of respondents provide a personalized diet to pregnant women with diabetes, while 32% a standard diet plan and only 15% healthy dietary advice. The 69% of the participants investigated for appropriate gestational weight gain, mainly based on pre-pregnancy BMI (96%), gestational weight gain (GWG) at first prenatal visit (80%) and presence of twin pregnancy (58%). Maternal weight gain was evaluated at each regularly scheduled prenatal visit and compared with IOM recommendations for the 87% of healthcare professionals. Diet plan was periodically re-evaluated and/or modified (90% of participants), based on inadequate maternal weight gain and/or fetal growth abnormalities (78%), trimester transition (53%), changes in physical activity and/or a “feel hungry” (50%).

Conclusions
This survey reported the knowledge and attitude of IOM guidelines and the nutritional knowledge and practice of Italian professionals on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy. The application of these recommendations seemed more feasible in clinics/team dedicated to "Diabetes in Pregnancy".
Temperamental and psychomotor predictors of ADHD symptoms in children born after a threatened preterm labour: a 6-year follow-up study
Authors: Navalón Pablo , Ghosn Farah , Ferrín Maite , Almansa Belén , Moreno-Giménez Alba , Campos-Berga Laura , Sahuquillo-Leal Rosa , Diago Vicente , Vento Máximo , García-Blanco Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildren born after threatened preterm labour (TPL), regardless of whether it ends in preterm birth, may represent an undescribed “ADHD cluster”. The aim of this cohort study is to identify early temperament and psychomotor manifestations and risk factors of TPL children who present ADHD symptoms. One hundred and seventeen mother–child pairs were followed from TPL diagnosis until the child’s 6 years of life. TPL children were divided according to the prematurity status into three groups: full-term TPL (n = 26), late-preterm TPL (n = 53), and very-preterm TPL (n = 38). A non-TPL group (n = 50) served as control. Temperament and psychomotor development at age 6 months and ADHD symptoms at age 6 years were assessed. Perinatal and psychosocial factors were also recorded. All TPL groups showed higher severity of ADHD symptoms compared with non-TPL children (difference in means + 4.19 for the full-term group, + 3.64 for the late-preterm group, and  + 4.99 for the very-preterm group, all ps < 0.021). Concretely, very-preterm and late-preterm TPL children showed higher restless/impulsive behaviours, whereas full-term TPL children showed higher emotional lability behaviours. Higher surgency/extraversion and delayed fine motor skills at age 6 months predicted ADHD symptoms at 6 years in TPL children. Male sex, maternal state anxiety symptoms at TPL diagnosis, low parental education, and past maternal experience of traumatic events predicted higher ADHD symptoms in TPL children. Therefore, TPL children may have a higher risk for developing ADHD symptoms, presenting a phenotype that depends on the prematurity status. Moreover, the specific combination of early manifestations and risk factors suggests that TPL children may conform an undescribed group at-risk of ADHD symptoms.
Quantification of glycated hemoglobin and glucose in vivo using Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks
Authors: González-Viveros Naara , Castro-Ramos Jorge , Gómez-Gil Pilar , Cerecedo-Núñez Hector Humberto , Gutiérrez-Delgado Francisco , Torres-Rasgado Enrique , Pérez-Fuentes Ricardo , Flores-Guerrero Jose L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUndiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major public health concern. The global estimation of undiagnosed diabetes is about 46%, being this situation more critical in developing countries. Therefore, we proposed a non-invasive method to quantify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose in vivo. We developed a technique based on Raman spectroscopy, RReliefF as a feature selection method, and regression based on feed-forward artificial neural networks (FFNN). The spectra were obtained from the forearm, wrist, and index finger of 46 individuals. The use of FFNN allowed us to achieve an error in the predictive model of 0.69% for HbA1c and 30.12 mg/dL for glucose. Patients were classified according to HbA1c values into three categories: healthy, prediabetes, and T2D. The proposed method obtained a specificity and sensitivity of 87.50% and 80.77%, respectively. This work demonstrates the benefit of using artificial neural networks and feature selection techniques to enhance Raman spectra processing to determine glycated hemoglobin and glucose in patients with undiagnosed T2D.
Cognitive motivations and foundations for building intelligent decision-making systems
Authors: Kowalczuk Zdzisław , Czubenko Michał 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConcepts based on psychology fit well with current research trends related to robotics and artificial intelligence. Biology-inspired cognitive architectures are extremely useful in building agents and robots, and this is one of the most important challenges of modern science. Therefore, the widely viewed and far-reaching goal of systems research and engineering is virtual agents and autonomous robots that mimic human behavior in solving known and unknown problems. The article proposes, at a high level of generality, an operational cybernetic model of the human mind, developed with the use of carefully selected ideas taken from psychological knowledge. In particular, the work combines extensive knowledge drawn from both the theory of developmental cognitive psychology and the theory of motivation. The proposed mathematically developed operating blocks create a coherent and functional decision-making system containing all the elements necessary in autonomous robotics. The ISD system is under development. There is still a long way to go to full validation. However, as shown in several articles, the basic subsystems of the ISD system, i.e. motivational and emotional, have already been positively verified in operation. The overall purpose of this article is to show a blueprint of the overall concept of the entire ISD.
Tangent Spaces of Orbit Closures for Representations of Dynkin Quivers of Type $\mathbb {D}$
Authors: Bobiński Grzegorz , Zwara Grzegorz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet $\Bbbk $
𝕜
be an algebraically closed field, Q a finite quiver, and denote by $\textup {rep}_{Q}^{\mathbf {d}}$

rep

Q

d

the affine $\Bbbk $
𝕜
-scheme of representations of Q with a fixed dimension vector d. Given a representation M of Q with dimension vector d, the set ${\mathcal {O}}_{M}$

O

M

of points in $\Bbbk $
𝕜
isomorphic as representations to M is an orbit under an action on $\textup {rep}^{\mathbf {d}}_{Q}\Bbbk $

rep

Q

d

(𝕜)
of a product of general linear groups. The orbit ${\mathcal {O}}_{M}$

O

M

and its Zariski closure $\overline {\mathcal {O}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

, considered as reduced subschemes of $\textup {rep}_{Q}^{{\mathbf {d}}}$

rep

Q

d

, are contained in an affine scheme ${\mathcal {C}}_{M}$

C

M

defined by suitable rank conditions associated to M. For all Dynkin and extended Dynkin quivers, the sets of points of $\overline {{\mathcal {O}}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

and ${\mathcal {C}}_{M}$

C

M

coincide, or equivalently, $\overline {{\mathcal {O}}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

is the reduced scheme associated to ${\mathcal {C}}_{M}$

C

M

. Moreover, $\overline {\mathcal {O}}_{M}={\mathcal {C}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

=

C

M

provided Q is a Dynkin quiver of type ${\mathbb {A}}$
A
, and this equality is a conjecture for the remaining Dynkin quivers (of type $\mathbb {D}$
D
and ${\mathbb {E}}$
E
). Let Q be a Dynkin quiver of type $\mathbb {D}$
D
and M a finite dimensional representation of Q. We show that the equality $T_{N}\overline {\mathcal {O}}_{M}=T_{N}{\mathcal {C}}_{M}$

T

N

O

¯

M

=

T

N

C

M

of Zariski tangent spaces holds for any closed point N of $\overline {\mathcal {O}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

. As a consequence, we describe the tangent spaces to $\overline {\mathcal {O}}_{M}$

O

¯

M

in representation theoretic terms.
Highly accurate response prediction in high-risk early breast cancer patients using a biophysical simulation platform
Authors: Howard Frederick M. , He Gong , Peterson Joseph R. , Pfeiffer J. R. , Earnest Tyler , Pearson Alexander T. , Abe Hiroyuki , Cole John A. , Nanda Rita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in early breast cancer (EBC) is largely dependent on breast cancer subtype, but no clinical-grade model exists to predict response and guide selection of treatment. A biophysical simulation of response to NAC has the potential to address this unmet need.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a biophysical simulation model as a predictor of pCR. Patients who received standard NAC at the University of Chicago for EBC between January 1st, 2010 and March 31st, 2020 were included. Response was predicted using baseline breast MRI, clinicopathologic features, and treatment regimen by investigators who were blinded to patient outcomes.

Results
A total of 144 tumors from 141 patients were included; 59 were triple-negative, 49 HER2-positive, and 36 hormone-receptor positive/HER2 negative. Lymph node disease was present in half of patients, and most were treated with an anthracycline-based regimen (58.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of the biophysical simulation for pCR were 88.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.7 – 95.5) and 89.4% (95% CI 81.3 – 94.8), respectively, with robust results regardless of subtype. In patients with predicted pCR, 5-year event-free survival was 98%, versus 79% with predicted residual disease (log-rank p = 0.01, HR 4.57, 95% CI 1.36 – 15.34). At a median follow-up of 5.4 years, no patients with predicted pCR experienced disease recurrence.

Conclusion
A biophysical simulation model accurately predicts pCR and long-term outcomes from baseline MRI and clinical data, and is a promising tool to guide escalation/de-escalation of NAC.
Investigating mechanisms deteriorating the dispersibility of biodegradable and flushable wet wipes
Authors: Harter Thomas , Steiner Helena , Hirn Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWet wipe dispersibility is broadly discussed since they have been detected in massive fatbergs that were found in sewer systems of big cities, e.g., London. Dispersibility describes a wet wipe’s ability to disintegrate into its fibres after being flushed in the toilet. Recently it has been found that this dispersibility of pilot-scale produced wet wipes can reduce when stored in a wet condition. This phenomenon is called dispersibility ageing. With this work we give a first approach on analysing the underlying mechanisms causing this solidification of wet wipes by measurement of the water-fibre-interactions and the mechanical strength of the wipes. Long-term swelling of the wood pulp is discussed as a possible root cause for the observed loss in dispersibility. Wet strength theory was used to find three possible mechanisms that are able to explain increased strength as a result of swelling: knot-tightening, increased friction and interdiffusion. To investigate the strength behaviour of wet wipes over wet storage time, tensile testing and a new approach to measure the disintegration energy of these fabrics were used to find a time-dependent increased mechanical characteristic. Surprisingly no increase in wet strength or disintegration energy—measured by short span, low test speed wet tensile energy absorption—over wet storage time was found. The dispersibility ageing effect of wet wipes is seemingly not measurable using mechanical testing. It seems that these test methods are not representative for the loading situation during disintegration in the sewer system and in the standard disintegration tester.Graphical abstract
Hydrophobization of lignocellulosic materials part II: chemical modification
Authors: Rodríguez-Fabià Sandra , Torstensen Jonathan , Johansson Lars , Syverud Kristin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLignocellulosic materials with hydrophobic properties are of great interest for developing sustainable products that can be used in various applications such as packaging, water-repellent and self-cleaning materials, oil and water separation or as reinforcements in biocomposite materials. The hydroxyl functional groups present in cellulose provide the possibility to perform various chemical modifications to the cellulosic substrates that can increase their hydrophobicity. This review is the second part of a comprehensive review on hydrophobization of lignocellulosic materials and summarizes the recent advances in the chemical modification of such substrates. The methods described in this review can provide changes in the hydrophilicity of the materials that range from a small decrease in the initial hydrophilicity of the substrate (contact angles below 90°) to superhydrophobic properties (contact angles above 150°). Additional attention has been paid to whether the modification is limited to the surface of the substrate or if it occurs in the bulk of the material. We also discuss hydrophobized cellulose material applications in packing and oil/water purification.Graphical abstract
Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Role of Oxotremorine-M, a Non-selective Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Agonist, in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Nuzzo Domenico , Frinchi Monica , Giardina Costanza , Scordino Miriana , Zuccarini Mariachiara , De Simone Chiara , Di Carlo Marta , Belluardo Natale , Mudò Giuseppa , Di Liberto Valentina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is a multifactorial and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, whose pathogenesis, classically associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is also dependent on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation chronicization. Currently, the standard symptomatic therapy, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed a limited therapeutic potential, whereas disease-modifying treatment strategies are still under extensive research. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons, and modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation phenomena in rat brain. In the light of these findings, in this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Oxo treatment in an in vitro model of AD, represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ1-42 peptide. The results demonstrated that Oxo treatment enhances cell survival, increases neurite length, and counteracts DNA fragmentation induced by Aβ1-42 peptide. The same treatment was also able to block oxidative stress and mitochondria morphological/functional impairment associated with Aβ1-42 cell exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Oxo, by modulating cholinergic neurotransmission, survival, oxidative stress response, and mitochondria functionality, may represent a novel multi-target drug able to achieve a therapeutic synergy in AD.
Graphical Abstract
Illustration of the main pathological hallmarks and mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis, including neurodegeneration and oxidative stress, efficiently counteracted by treatment with Oxo, which may represent a promising therapeutic molecule. Created with BioRender.com under academic license.