bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytic acid and its reduction in pulse matrix: Structure–function relationship owing to bioavailability enhancement of micronutrients
Authors: Sarkhel Shubhajit , Roy Anupam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe bioavailability of minerals and proteins in the pulse is endured due to the presence of antinutrient phytic acid. Phytic acid is a proton donor that produces hydrogen ions (H+) and “phytate” anion, which readily forms salts with available minerals and protein. These phytate complexes are not bioavailable to humans and led to several public health problems like anemia, skeletal abnormalities, osteoporosis, malabsorption, and kwashiorkor syndrome due to Fe, Mn, Ca, Zn, and protein deficiency. Thus, it is a severe concern to the vegetarian population who strongly rely upon pulses to fulfill their daily nutrition requirements. Improving the bioavailability of micronutrients in the pulse matrix requires reduction of phytic acid. A phytic acid reduction strategy should ensure its efficient reduction leading to enhanced micronutrient bioavailability. This article provides a throughout view of the available phytic acid reduction technologies conducted at the postharvest stages of pulse processing. The mechanism of phytic acid reduction during conventional (soaking, cooking, and germination) and novel processing (irradiation, ultrasound, and high pressure) regarding its degradation and interaction with other components has been explored here, providing insight into structure–function relationships. Further, an in‐depth analysis of the combined treatments offering better phytic acid reductions has been explained in the light of structural alteration of phytic acid to its lower inositol phosphates. The summarized data on prospects and drawbacks of different phytic acid reduction strategies would provide background information to explore the futuristic possibilities for efficient phytic acid reduction and micronutrient fortification.Practical ApplicationsThe presence of phytic acid in the pulse matrix restricts the micronutrient absorption by complexing with micronutrients leading to their ineffectiveness. The bottom‐line population of the income pyramid, who are unable to intake micronutrients from other sources, suffers from several public health problems related to nutrient or combined nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the degradation of phytic acid in pulses is necessary. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview and explanation of phytic acid degradation during various postharvest pulses processing. The chelation of micronutrients by phytate, structural alterations during processing, and structure–function correlation of pulse matrices have been comprehensively enlightened here. These insights will aid researchers in exploring the future potential for phytic acid reduction and help develop proper strategies for pulse fortification.
Poor intake of vitamins and minerals is associated with symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Roth Bodil , Larsson Ewa , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPoor food habits with insufficient intake of micronutrients have been described in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which could be of importance for development of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. The study aims were to examine intake and plasma/serum levels of micronutrients in IBS and whether these factors were associated with symptoms and restrictions and to study the effects of a starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced diet (SSRD).MethodsOne hundred five patients with IBS or functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) according to Rome IV criteria were included to SSRD/controls for 4 weeks. Patients completed a study questionnaire about lifestyle habits, medical health, IBS‐symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS), visual analog scale for IBS (VAS‐IBS), and diary books before and after study start. Plasma/serum levels of micronutrients were analyzed at baseline.ResultsIntake of micronutrients at baseline was lower than recommended according to national guidelines. Gastrointestinal symptoms were inversely associated with intake and plasma levels of iron. Extraintestinal symptoms and fatigue inversely associated with intake of vitamin B6, phosphorus, magnesium, and iodine, as was plasma levels of iron, and positively associated with plasma iron‐binding capacity. Fatigue was also inversely associated with calcium, iron, and zinc intakes. Plasma ferritin was lower in participants on restrictions. SSRD increased the intake of several vitamins, selenium, and fat, whereas sodium intake was decreased, with markedly reduced symptoms.ConclusionIrritable bowel syndrome patients had low intake of micronutrients at baseline, which associated inversely with total IBS‐SSS, extraintestinal IBS‐SSS, and fatigue. SSRD increased the intake of several micronutrients, which correlated weakly with symptom improvement.
Decreased fetal thymus size at 24 weeks gestation by ultrasound measurement in gestational diabetes mellitus fetal thymus examination for diabetes
Authors: Karaşin Süleyman Serkan , Akselim Burak , Tosun Öznur , Karaşin Zeynep T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the difference in fetal thymus diameter, which we measured ultrasonographically, between the healthy pregnant group and the pregnant group with gestational diabetes.MethodFetal thymus and thymus/thorax ratio parameters were assessed in this case–control study. Patients were examined in two groups. They included 49 diabetics (study group) women and 71 nondiabetic (control group). We performed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine the predictive value of ultrasonographic measurements. We completed the receiver curve characteristic analysis to evaluate the cut‐off thymus diameter.ResultsThe median age of pregnant women was 27. Thymus diameter and thymus‐thorax ratio were smaller in fetuses of diabetic mothers than in the nondiabetic group (p <0.05). Thymus diameter was found to be more predictive of gestational diabetes prediction (p: 0.019). There was no correlation between fasting blood glucose and thymus diameter.ConclusionDecreased fetal thymus anterior–posterior diameter seems to be associated with diabetic pregnancy.
Decreasing prevalence and stagnating incidence of Hepatitis C‐co‐infection among a cohort of HIV‐1‐positive patients, with a majority of men who have sex with men, in Germany, 1996–2019
Authors: Krings Amrei , Schmidt Daniel , Meixenberger Karolin , Bannert Norbert , Münstermann Dieter , Tiemann Carsten , Kollan Christian , Gunsenheimer‐Bartmeyer Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCo‐infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV‐positive patients leads to accelerated progression of liver disease and AIDS. Due to increased HCV prevalence and incidence, co‐infection requires monitoring trends among HIV‐positive individuals. This will help target prevention strategies and support to reach the global goals of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat. In this analysis HCV prevalence and incidence were determined for the years 1996–2019 from yearly blood samples and questionnaire details among HIV‐1‐positive patients, with a majority of men who have sex with men, belonging to a nationwide, multicentre observational, prospective cohort study. The results show that HCV prevalence for acute/chronic and resolved infection increased until 2014 to 12%. Since then, prevalence of acute/chronic HCV infection rapidly decreased and prevalence of resolved infections showed a steady increase. HCV incidence was highest in 2010 and lowest in 2017; however, no significant change in HCV incidence could be seen over the years. Therefore, the introduction of directly‐acting antiviral agents for HCV treatment notably decreased prevalence and potentially incidence of acute/chronic HCV infection. Nevertheless, prevalence and incidence of HCV among these HIV‐1‐positive study participants remain high compared with the general population and justify the need for continuous HCV prevention and treatment efforts among HIV‐positive individuals.
Performance of pre‐transplant criteria in prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma progression and waitlist dropout
Authors: Piñero Federico , Thompson Marcos , Boin Ilka , Chagas Aline , Quiñonez Emilio , Bermúdez Carla , Vilatobá Mario , Santos Luisa , Anders Margarita , Hoyos Duque Sergio , Soares Lima Agnaldo , Menendez Josemaría , Padilla Martín , Poniachik Jaime , Zapata Rodrigo , Maraschio Martín , Chong Menéndez Ricardo , Muñoz Linda , Arufe Diego , Figueroa Rodrigo , Perales Simone R. , Maccali Claudia , Vergara Sandoval Rodrigo , McCormack Lucas , Varón Adriana , Marciano Sebastián , Mattera Juan , Carrilho Flair , Silva Marcelo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground & aimLiver transplantation (LT) selection models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been proposed to predict waitlist dropout because of tumour progression. The aim of this study was to compare the alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) model and other pre‐LT models in their prediction of HCC dropout.MethodsA multicentre cohort study was conducted in 20 Latin American transplant centres, including 994 listed patients for LT with HCC from 2012 to 2018. Longitudinal tumour characteristics, and patterns of progression were recorded at time of listing, after treatments and at last follow‐up over the waitlist period. Competing risk regression models were performed, and model’s discrimination was compared estimating Harrell’s adapted c‐statistics.ResultsHCC dropout rate was significantly higher in patients beyond (24% [95% CI 16–28]) compared to those within Milan criteria (8% [95% IC 5%–12%]; p < .0001), with a SHR of 3.01 [95% CI 2.03–4.47]), adjusted for waiting list time and bridging therapies (c‐index 0.63 [95% CI 0.57; 0.69). HCC dropout rates were higher in patients with AFP scores >2 (adjusted SHR of 3.17 [CI 2.13–4.71]), c‐index of 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.77; p = .09 vs Milan). Similar discrimination power for HCC dropout was observed between the AFP score and the Metroticket 2.0 model. In patients within Milan, an AFP score >2 points discriminated two populations with a higher risk of HCC dropout (SHR 1.68 [95% CI 1.08–2.61]).ConclusionsPre‐transplant selection models similarly predicted HCC dropout. However, the AFP model can discriminate a higher risk of dropout among patients within Milan criteria.
Death in the Zhuangzi: Themes, arguments, and interpretations
Authors: Liu Pengbo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper distinguishes three major themes in the philosophy of death of the Zhuangzi. It shows that, while these themes are often intertwined in the text, they offer different outlooks on the nature of death and, correspondingly, different arguments about the significance of death and strategies for coping with death. The first sees death as a natural and inevitable part of the process of cosmic transformation that we have to accept or embrace. The second emphasizes the unity, continuity and interdependence of life and death, and advises us to appreciate death from this holistic perspective. The last strand of thought challenges our ability to know about death's nature and value. In addition, the paper reviews a few competing interpretations of the Zhuangzi in recent Anglophone literature and suggests that, first, they can be seen as attempts to articulate and develop different themes in the text, and second, they fail to offer a strong rational ground for the Zhuangist attitudes toward death, in part because they all rely on critical assumptions that are questionable or at least insufficiently defended.
Altered metal distribution in the sr45‐1 Arabidopsis mutant causes developmental defects
Authors: Fanara Steven , Schloesser Marie , Hanikenne Marc , Motte Patrick 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYThe plant serine/arginine‐rich (SR) splicing factor SR45 plays important roles in several biological processes, such as splicing, DNA methylation, innate immunity, glucose regulation, and abscisic acid signaling. A homozygous Arabidopsis sr45‐1 null mutant is viable, but exhibits diverse phenotypic alterations, including delayed root development, late flowering, shorter siliques with fewer seeds, narrower leaves and petals, and unusual numbers of floral organs. Here, we report that the sr45‐1 mutant presents an unexpected constitutive iron deficiency phenotype characterized by altered metal distribution in the plant. RNA‐Sequencing highlighted severe perturbations in metal homeostasis, the phenylpropanoid pathway, oxidative stress responses, and reproductive development. Ionomic quantification and histochemical staining revealed strong iron accumulation in the sr45‐1 root tissues accompanied by iron starvation in aerial parts. Mis‐splicing of several key iron homeostasis genes, including BTS, bHLH104, PYE, FRD3, and ZIF1, was observed in sr45‐1 roots. We showed that some sr45‐1 developmental abnormalities can be complemented by exogenous iron supply. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms governing the phenotypes of the sr45‐1 mutant.
Acute drug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia ‐ A work of articaine
Authors: Lægreid Ingvild Jenssen , Olsen Mats Irgen , Harr Jon Inge , Grønli Renathe Henriksen , Mørtberg Trude Victoria , Ernstsen Siw Leiknes , Ahlen Maria Therese 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) is a rare, but serious complication to a wide range of medications. Upon suspicion, one should do a thorough clinical evaluation following proposed diagnostic criteria and seek laboratory confirmation. If confirmed, it is important to ensure avoidance of the drug in the future.Study design and methodsHerein, we describe a young adult male who experienced two bouts of severe thrombocytopenia following dental treatment. The thrombocytopenia was acknowledged due to unexpected hemorrhaging during the procedures. On both occasions, he was exposed to four different drugs, none commonly associated with DITP. After the second episode of severe procedural‐related thrombocytopenia, an investigation into the cause was initiated. We describe the clinical approach to elucidate which of the four implicated drugs was responsible for thrombocytopenia and the laboratory work‐up done to confirm that the reaction was antibody‐mediated and identify the antibody's drug: glycoprotein specificity. An alternative drug was tested both in vivo and in vitro, to identify an option for future procedures.ResultsSequential exposure revealed the local anesthetic substance articaine to induce thrombocytopenia. Laboratory work‐up confirmed drug‐dependent antibodies (DDAbs) with specificity for the glycoprotein Ib/IX complex, swiftly identified by a bead‐based Luminex assay. Further investigations by monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA) revealed a probable GPIb binding site. An alternative local anesthetic, lidocaine, was deemed safe for future procedures.ConclusionArticaine can induce rapid‐onset, severe immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia causing bleeding complications. A modified bead‐based Luminex platelet antigen assay proved a useful addition in the DITP‐investigation.
Observations on the distribution and control of Salmonella in commercial broiler hatcheries in Great Britain
Authors: Oastler Claire E. , Nichols Christopher , Newton Kate , Cawthraw Shaun , Gosling Rebecca J. , Martelli Francesca , Wales Andrew D. , Davies Robert H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSalmonella can enter hatcheries via contaminated eggs and other breaches of biosecurity. The study examined the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella in commercial hatcheries and assessed the effects of providing advice on Salmonella control. Intensive swab sampling was performed throughout 23 broiler hatcheries in Great Britain (GB). Swabs were cultured using a modified ISO6579:2017 method. After each visit, tailored advice on biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection procedures was provided to the hatchery managers. Repeat sampling was carried out in 10 of the 23 hatcheries. Salmonella prevalence ranged between 0% and 33.5%, with the chick handling areas, hatcher areas, macerator area, tray wash/storage areas, external areas and other waste handling areas being more contaminated than the setter areas. Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella 13,23:i:‐ were the most commonly isolated serovars. There was a reduction in Salmonella prevalence at the second visit in eight out of 10 premises, but prevalence values had increased again in all of the improved hatcheries that were visited a third time. One hatchery harboured a difficult‐to‐control resident Salmonella 13,23:i:‐ strain and was visited six times; by the final visit, Salmonella prevalence was 2.3%, reduced from a high of 23.1%. In conclusion, the study found low‐level Salmonella contamination in some GB broiler hatcheries, with certain hatcheries being more severely affected. Furthermore, it was shown that Salmonella typically is difficult to eradicate from contaminated hatcheries, but substantial reductions in prevalence are possible with improvements to biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection.
Proteção de Dados e o Acordo de Livre Comércio Mercosul-União Europeia: Notas sobre a Adequação da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados no Brasil
Authors: Linden Ruaro Regina , Alberton Coutinho Silva Cecília 
Published: March 2022

O avanço das novas tecnologias, impulsionado pelos influxos disruptivos da Revolução 4.0, proporcionou a criação e o aperfeiçoamento das legislações de proteção de dados pessoais ao redor do mundo. Neste contexto, as autoridades de proteção de dados passaram a assumir papel de grande relevância para orquestrar as trocas comerciais internacionais e o fluxo transnacional de dados. Dito isso, o trabalho busca responder à seguinte hipótese: De que forma as legislações na União Europeia (“UE”) e na América Latina vêm regulamentando a proteção de dados pessoais, especialmente no que toca à independência e à autonomia das autoridades de proteção de dados? O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em evidenciar tal contexto internacional na matéria de proteção de dados pessoais na UE e na América Latina. Partindo do cenário delimitado, os objetivos específicos são(i) identificar as principais características das legislações de proteção de dados, notadamente do Regulamento Europeu de Proteção de Dados (“RGPD”) e das leis locais de proteção de dados na América Latina; (ii) verificar a forma com a qual as autoridades de proteção de dados foram estruturadas nesses locais; e (iii) a partir da apresentação do Acordo de Livre Comércio entre a União Europeia e o Mercosul, analisar o caso da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados brasileira (“ANPD”). Ao final, concluir-se-á no sentido de que as presentes e futuras relações comerciais, especialmente aquelas que impliquem transferência internacional de dados, dependerão do cumprimento de parâmetros de proteção de dados. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com procedimento comparativo e histórico e interpretação sistemática. A natureza da pesquisa foi teórica, o objetivo foi exploratório e explicativo e, quanto ao objeto, a pesquisa foi bibliográfica.
O Juiz das Garantias na Lei n. 13.964/2019: A Iimparcialidade do Julgador e as Indevidas Críticas Contra sua Constitucionalidade
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , De Oliveira Zanchet Guilherme 
Published: March 2022

O texto pretende abordar a introdução do juiz das garantias no cenário processual penal brasileiro a partir dos dispositivos da Lei nº 13.964/2019. Após explorar os artigos de lei pertinentes, a pesquisa reforça a importância do instituto para uma maior efetividade da garantia da imparcialidade do juiz e analisa os problemas que alegações de caráter político, moral e pragmático, vertidas nas Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade nºs 6.298, 6.299 e 6.300 e 6.305, representam em um Estado Democrático de Direito com ampla litigiosidade. O artigo, assim, objetiva demonstrar que o juiz das garantias proporciona uma aproximação do processo penal ao modelo acusatório previsto constitucionalmente e rechaçar a possibilidade de questionamento da constitucionalidade da nova lei a partir de argumentos de conveniência política.
Combined Effects of Citric Acid and Ascorbic Acid Used As Low-Temperature Surface Modifiers to Enhance the Cyclability of Si Anode in an Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Chang Hung-Ying , Brahma Sanjaya , Hou Shang-Chieh , Chang Chia-Chin , Huang Jow-Lay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We successfully achieved surface modification of Si at a low temperature (150 °C) by using citric acid and ascorbic acid as surface modifiers and enhanced the electrochemical performance of a Si-based anode. A simple planetary ball-milling process followed by heat treatment over a range of temperatures (150–500 °C) was used to carry out the surface modification. This important investigation confirmed that the heat treatment temperature significantly affected the molecular structure in the modification layer, and its thickness led to a higher discharge capacity for low-temperature-modified Si compared to that in other series of high-temperature-annealed samples. Among all the surface-modified Si samples, the electrochemical performance using the M-Si 150 °C as the anode material achieved an excellent capacity of 1787 mAh g−1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles with a 75.8% retention. The same device delivered excellent rate capability, with a capacity of ∼1012 mAh g−1 (1 C) and 593 mAh g−1 (2 C) at the high-current rate. The capacity regained to ∼2012 mAh g−1 with the reversal of the current rate to 0.1 C, with a very high retention of 103%, indicating significantly enhanced strength of the modified Si anode in a lithium-ion battery.
The Durability Performance of Polyketone Gears under Various Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Zhong Bingbing , Zhang Renhua , Wei Peitang , Liu Huaiju , Li Jing , Lu Zehua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polyketone (PK) is an environmentally friendly engineering plastic with good wear resistance and shows potential in gear applications. In this work, the durability of PK gears under various lubrication conditions was investigated via a power opened gear durability test rig and compared with polyformaldehyde (POM) gears. Experimental results show that PK gears under oil lubrication and grease lubrication represent the same failure mode at the same torque. The contact fatigue life of oil-lubricated PK gear was higher than that under grease lubrication but slightly lower than POM gear under the same conditions.