bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance of choice, impact of heroin or opium on treatment retention in a multicentre randomised controlled trial in Iran
Authors: Song Michael Jae , Westenberg Jean Nicolas , Kianpoor Kiana , Nikoo Mohammadali , Kazemi Alireza , Schuetz Christian , Jang Kerry , Gholami Ali , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Krausz Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the Middle East and Asia, illicit opioid use exists across a spectrum between heroin and opium. The impact of primary opioid of choice on opioid agonist treatment retention has not been well evaluated previously, especially for opium tincture, an increasingly popular form of opioid agonist treatment in Iran. This study investigates the relationship between primary opioid of choice, namely heroin or opium, and retention in opium tincture and methadone treatment.MethodsParticipants with opioid use disorder (n = 204) were randomised to receive opium tincture or methadone. All participants were categorised as mainly using opium or heroin. Bivariate analyses between treatment retention and primary opioid of choice (P < 0.05) and logistic regression were conducted.ResultsAmong the 191 participants included in this analysis, heroin was the primary substance of choice for 135 participants (70.7%) and opium for 56 (29.3%). Bivariate analysis showed that the opium group was more likely to be satisfied with family situation, employed and retained in treatment than the heroin group while less likely to experience incarceration and use multiple substances. When adjusting for covariates, primary opioid of choice was not significantly associated with retention in either methadone or opium tincture treatment arm.Discussion and ConclusionsPositive factors, such as employment, housing and family support, seem to collectively explain the higher retention in treatment among those who primarily use opium compared to those who use heroin. To optimise retention in opioid agonist treatment, biopsychosocial care models should be further evaluated to improve psychosocial functioning.
Effects of ancient allochthonous and contemporary autochthonous organic carbon on the growth and reproduction of lake zooplankton
Authors: Zhao Zifan , Gan Yingxin , He Hu , Zhou Libin , Li Kuanyi , Liu Zhengwen , Wu Qinglong , Su Yaling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Carbon with a radiocarbon age above 200 years before present (bp) generally is referred to as ancient carbon. Ancient organic carbon (OC) stored in glaciers, permafrost and unperturbed soil has been released with increasing temperatures resulting from climate warming and anthropogenic activities. Evidence suggests that ancient terrestrial OC can be incorporated by heterotrophic bacteria and consumers in many aquatic systems. However, it remains unknown whether ancient terrestrial OC promotes growth and reproduction of consumers.

Ancient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was extracted from frozen soils in the catchments of Lakes Tsochuolong (−216.9‰, 1,960 years bp) and Zhangnaitso (−384.1‰, 3,895 years bp) on the Tibetan Plateau, and was further degraded by heterotrophic bacteria. Degraded ancient DOC (containing bacteria) and Auxenochlorella (−161.6‰) were used exclusively or in combination as food (total 6 mg C/L) for Daphnia magna (D. magna) to compare their body length, mortality rate and offspring production. The mixed diets consisted of ancient DOC converted by bacteria at 4 mg C/L and Auxenochlorella at 2 mg C/L.

The radiocarbon isotope (∆14C) value of D. magna fed on mixed diets was −293.0‰ for Lake Tsochuolong (group CA) and −265.9‰ for Lake Zhangnaitso (group CB), which was depleted than those fed exclusively on Auxenochlorella (−187.3‰, group 6C). This result suggests that 14C‐depleted DOC can be assimilated by zooplankton. Daphnia magna in group CB had the highest intrinsic rate of population increase (0.33/day) and number of neonates per individual (15.97/ind). The higher growth rate and offspring production in group CB than in CA (0.21/day and 7.68/ind) probably were because D. magna utilised more Auxenochlorella and phosphorus from diets in CB. However, there was no significant difference in the two indicators between CA and 6C (0.24/day and 12.30/ind) or between CB and 6C. Daphnia magna fed exclusively on degraded DOC plus bacteria had the lowest growth rate and offspring production.

The results demonstrate that in the presence of algae with high nutritional value, degraded ancient DOC could support the growth and reproduction of zooplankton. Our findings extend the understanding of carbon sources and carbon cycling in food webs in lakes, particularly in high‐altitude and polar lakes in the context of climatic and environmental changes.
The relationship between temperament, polygenic score for intelligence and cognition: A population‐based study of middle‐aged adults
Authors: Tölli Pekka , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Lehtimäki Terho , Ravaja Niklas , Hintsanen Mirka , Ahola‐Olli Ari , Pahkala Katja , Kähönen Mika , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Laitinen Tomi T. , Tossavainen Päivi , Taittonen Leena , Dobewall Henrik , Jokinen Eero , Raitakari Olli , Cloninger C. Robert , Rovio Suvi , Saarinen Aino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether temperament modifies an association between polygenic intelligence potential and cognitive test performance in midlife. The participants (n = 1647, born between 1962 and 1977) were derived from the Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed with Temperament and Character Inventory over a 15‐year follow‐up (1997, 2001, 2007, 2012). Polygenic intelligence potential was assessed with a polygenic score for intelligence. Cognitive performance (visual memory, reaction time, sustained attention, spatial working memory) was assessed with CANTAB in midlife. The PGSI was significantly associated with the overall cognitive performance and performance in visual memory, sustained attention and working memory tests but not reaction time test. Temperament did not correlate with polygenic score for intelligence and did not modify an association between the polygenic score and cognitive performance, either. High persistence was associated with higher visual memory (B = 0.092; FDR‐adj.p = 0.007) and low harm avoidance with higher overall cognitive performance, specifically better reaction time (B = −0.102; FDR‐adj;p = 0.007). The subscales of harm avoidance had different associations with cognitive performance: higher “anticipatory worry,” higher “fatigability,” and lower “shyness with strangers” were associated with lower cognitive performance, while the role of “fear of uncertainty” was subtest‐related. In conclusion, temperament does not help or hinder one from realizing their genetic potential for intelligence. The overall modest relationships between temperament and cognitive performance advise caution if utilizing temperament‐related information e.g. in working‐life recruitments. Cognitive abilities may be influenced by temperament variables, such as the drive for achievement and anxiety about test performance, but they involve distinct systems of learning and memory.
National policy piloting as steering at a distance: The perspective of local implementers
Authors: Ettelt Stefanie , Williams Lorraine , Mays Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on tools of governance by examining the role of national policy pilots from the perspective of local implementers, using interviews with directors of adult social services in elected local government in England. Previous research in the same settings has shown that local actors often find the experience of participating in national policy pilots frustrating. This article attempts to explain why local authorities volunteer for such schemes. Drawing on the literature on the varieties of experimentalism and Anglo‐Governmentality, the article explores the ambiguous role of piloting in multilevel governance and reflects on its implications for policy implementation and local service development. Findings suggest that participating in national pilots provides local authorities with access to ideas and resources, and with a mandate for change, which motivates them to voluntarily subjugate themselves to being “steered at a distance” as they align themselves with central government's policy goals.
Temporary labour migration in Asia: The transnationality‐precarity nexus
Authors: Piper Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMuch of intra‐Asian labour migration is regulated on the basis of governing tools that aim at managing cross‐border movement of workers on a strictly temporary, employer‐tied basis. The key elements involved in the operationalization of strictly temporary migration are recruitment, remittances and return; these three ‘Rs’ are also central to global policy discussions around the migration‐development nexus. The core premise of this paper is that this strict framework results in a particular form of migrant precarity which in turn shapes migrant transnationality, leaving migrants with severely circumscribed labour agency. This leads to the argument that temporary migration paradigm as practiced in much of Asia constitutes involuntary transnationalism. The paper ends by arguing that based on proactive migrant rights activism, the involuntary character of transnationalism is being challenged by bringing a different set of ‘Rs’ into the discussion derived from global social policy and global justice perspectives: regulation, redistribution and rights.
Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review
Authors: Vats Prakriti , Kaur Ujjwal Jit , Rishi Praveen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is recognized as a global threat to public health. The selection and evolution of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens were believed to be majorly driven by the imprudent use of antibiotics. However, concerns regarding the same, through selection pressure by a multitude of other antimicrobial agents, such as heavy metals, are also growing. Heavy metal contamination co-selects antibiotic and metal resistance through numerous mechanisms, such as co-resistance and cross-resistance. Here, we have reviewed the role of heavy metals as antimicrobial resistance driving agents and the underlying concept and mechanisms of co-selection, while also highlighting the scarcity of studies explicitly inspecting the process of co-selection in clinical settings. Prospective strategies to manage heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance have also been deliberated, underlining the need to find specific inhibitors so that alternate medicinal combinations can be added to the existing therapeutic armamentarium.
The context, contribution and consequences of addressing the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative exploration of executive nurses' perspectives
Authors: Riddell Kathryn , Bignell Laura , Bourne Debra , Boyd Leanne , Crowe Shane , Cucanic Sinéad , Flynn Maria , Gillan Kate , Heinjus Denise , Mathieson Jac , Nankervis Katrina , Reed Fiona , Townsend Linda , Twomey Bernadette , Weir‐Phyland Janet , Bagot Kathleen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore (1) the context in which nursing executives were working, (2) nursing's contribution to the healthcare response and (3) the impact from delivering healthcare in response to the pandemic.DesignRetrospective, constructivist qualitative study.MethodsIndividual interviews using a semi‐structured interview guide were conducted between 12 February and 29 March 2021. Participants were purposively sampled from the Victorian Metropolitan Executive Directors of Nursing and Midwifery Group, based in Melbourne, Victoria the epi‐centre of COVID‐19 in Australia during 2020. All members were invited; 14/16 executive‐level nurse leaders were participated. Individual interviews were recorded with participant consent, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour inter‐related themes (with sub‐themes) were identified: (1) rapid, relentless action required (preparation insufficient, extensive information and communication flow, expanded working relationships, constant change, organizational barriers removed); (2) multi‐faceted contribution (leadership activities, flexible work approach, knowledge development and dissemination, new models of care, workforce numbers); (3) unintended consequences (negative experiences, mix of emotions, difficult conditions, negative outcomes for executives and workforce) and (4) silver linings (expanded ways of working, new opportunities, strengthened clinical practice, deepened working relationships).ConclusionResponding to the COIVD‐19 health crisis required substantial effort, but historical and industrial limits on nursing practice were removed. With minimal information and constantly changing circumstances, nursing executives spearheaded change with leadership skills including a flexible approach, courageous decision‐making and taking calculated risks. Opportunities for innovative work practices were taken, with nursing leading policy development and delivery of care models in new and established healthcare settings, supporting patient and staff safety.ImpactNursing comprises the majority of the healthcare workforce, placing executive nurse leaders in a key role for healthcare responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nursing's contribution was multi‐faceted, and advantages gained for nursing practice must be maintained and leveraged. Recommendations for how nursing can contribute to current and future widespread health emergencies are provided.
Seven‐action approaches for the management of hypertension in Asia – The HOPE Asia network
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Siddique Saulat , Turana Yuda , Li Yan , Chen Chen‐Huan , Nailes Jennifer , Huynh Minh Van , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Cheng Hao‐Min , Fujiwara Takeshi , Hoshide Satoshi , Nagai Michiaki , Park Sungha , Shin Jinho , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Tsoi Kelvin , Verma Narsingh , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAsia is a large continent and there is significant diversity between countries and regions. Over the last 30 years, absolute blood pressure (BP) levels in Asia have increased to a greater extent than those in other regions. In diverse Asia‐Pacific populations, for choosing an Asia‐specific approach to hypertension management is important to prevent target organ damage and cardiovascular diseases. In this consensus document of HOPE Asia Network, we introduce seven action approaches for management of hypertension in Asia.
Role of vasorin, an anti‐apoptotic, anti‐TGF‐β and hypoxia‐induced glycoprotein in the trabecular meshwork cells and glaucoma
Authors: Choi Jin A. , Maddala Rupalatha , Karnam Shruthi , Skiba Nikolai P. , Vann Robin , Challa Pratap , Rao Ponugoti Vasantha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure due to impaired aqueous humour (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork. The aetiological mechanisms contributing to impaired AH outflow, however, are poorly understood. Here, we identified the secreted form of vasorin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, as a common constituent of human AH by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting analysis. ELISA assay revealed a significant but marginal decrease in vasorin levels in the AH of primary open‐angle glaucoma patients compared to non‐glaucoma cataract patients. Human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells were confirmed to express vasorin, which has been shown to possess anti‐apoptotic and anti‐TGF‐β activities. Treatment of HTM cells with vasorin induced actin stress fibres and focal adhesions and suppressed TGF‐β2‐induced SMAD2/3 activation in HTM cells. Additionally, cobalt chloride‐induced hypoxia stimulated a robust elevation in vasorin expression, and vasorin suppressed TNF‐α‐induced cell death in HTM cells. Taken together, these findings reveal the importance of vasorin in maintenance of cell survival, inhibition of TGF‐β induced biological responses in TM cells, and the decreasing trend in vasorin levels in the AH of glaucoma patients suggests a plausible role for vasorin in the pathobiology of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Associations between self‐reported periodontal disease and nutrient intakes and nutrient‐based dietary patterns in the UK Biobank
Authors: Watson Sinead , Woodside Jayne V. , Winning Lewis , Wright David M. , Srinivasan Murali , McKenna Gerald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the cross‐sectional associations between single nutrient intakes and posteriori nutrient‐based dietary patterns and periodontal disease risk in a subset of the UK Biobank cohort.Materials and MethodsDietary data were collected by 24‐h dietary recall on up to five separate occasions over 16 months. A touchscreen questionnaire was used to collect oral health information. Participants were considered at high risk of periodontal disease if they reported having painful gums and/or bleeding gums and/or loose teeth. Principal component analysis identified four nutrient‐based dietary patterns from 20 nutrients. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of periodontal disease risk for single nutrients and nutrient‐based dietary patterns.ResultsA total of 9476 participants (mean age 56.2 years [SD 8.0]) were included in the analysis. Higher intakes of vitamin B6, B12, C, and E, folate, iron, potassium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total sugar were associated with a lower risk of periodontal disease. Higher intake of saturated fat was associated with an increased risk. A dietary pattern characterized by high micronutrients and fibre intake was associated with low risk of periodontal disease.ConclusionWithin this sample of middle‐aged and older adults, a “high micronutrient and fibre” dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of periodontal disease.
No evidence of Borrelia in cutaneous infiltrates of B‐cell lymphomas with a highly sensitive, semi‐nested real‐time polymerase chain reaction targeting the 5S‐23S intergenic spacer region
Authors: Papadopoulou K. , Falk T.M. , Metze D. , Böer‐Auer A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of Borrelia in the development of skin lymphomas has been under discussion for decades. A similar association has been shown for Helicobacter pylori and gastric lymphomas (MALT type). Nevertheless, few molecular studies investigated Borrelia in skin lymphomas and the results are controversial.MethodsWe analysed 46 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded skin specimens of clincopathologically confirmed B‐cell lymphomas (15 marginal zone lymphomas; 20 follicular lymphomas; three diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas; eight secondary cutaneous infiltrates) taken from 36 patients from Northern Germany, an endemic area for Borrelia. Fifteen pseudolymphomatous lesions of cutaneous Borreliosis served as the control. Both groups were examined with a real‐time (rt) PCR and a semi‐nested PCR targeting the 5S‐23S intergenic spacer region (IGS). A multiplex PCR was used to investigate B‐cell clonality in all lymphomatous infiltrates (Biomed Primers).ResultsWith both assays no Borrelia burgdorferi‐specific DNA was identified in any of the B‐cell lymphomas, while all 15 Borreliosis specimens gave a positive PCR result in the semi‐nested PCR protocol, 12 were also positive in the rt PCR (P < 0.01). All B‐cell lymphomas showed monoclonal IgH‐Rearrangement. Analysis of cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas from available studies including ours (n = 334) reveals an odds ratio <1.ConclusionWhile some previous studies suggested an association between B. burgdorferi and the development of cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas in endemic areas, we were unable to confirm this in our patients, despite a highly sensitive Borrelia PCR assay. Our results including meta‐analysis of previous studies question the need for antibiotic therapy in patients with cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas.
Effects of nursing interventions to improve inpatients' sleep in intensive and non‐intensive care units: Findings from an umbrella review
Authors: Bellon Filip , Beti‐Abad Aintzane , Pastells‐Peiró Roland , Casado‐Ramirez Elvira , Moreno‐Casbas Teresa , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Abad‐Corpa Eva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis review aimed to synthesise the available reviews on the effects of nursing interventions on sleep quality among patients hospitalised in intensive care and non‐intensive care units.BackgroundPoor sleep quality is a common fact in hospitalised patients. Nurses can contribute to the improvement of patients' sleep quality and duration.DesignA review of intervention reviews was carried out and reported following the PRISMA guidelines and checklist.MethodsWe systematically searched for reviews published from January 2009 to December 2019 in PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Searches were repeated at 24 November 2020 to include the most recent evidence. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted.ResultsNine reviews (representing 109 original papers) met the selection criteria and were included for critical appraisal. Overall, nursing interventions and sleep quality were poorly defined. We grouped the interventions into 3 categories (environmental, barrier and internal interventions) to provide a more comprehensive overview and examine effects of nursing interventions on inpatients sleep quality. Inconsistent results were obtained and low quality of the original articles was reported, making it difficult to establish absolute conclusions.ConclusionThe impact of environmental changes on patients’ sleep was positive but inconclusive, while use of earplugs and eye masks, music and acupuncture generally showed positive results with moderate quality of evidence, and no harmful effects were reported.
Ammonium transporter 1 increases rice resistance to sheath blight by promoting nitrogen assimilation and ethylene signalling
Authors: Wu Xian Xin , Yuan De Peng , Chen Huan , Kumar Vikranth , Kang Seong Min , Jia Baolei , Xuan Yuan Hu 
Published: February 2022

SummarySheath blight (ShB) significantly threatens rice yield production. However, the underlying mechanism of ShB defence in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a highly ShB‐susceptible mutant Ds‐m which contained a mutation at the ammonium transporter 1;1 (AMT1;1) D358N. AMT1;1 D358N interacts with AMT1;1, AMT1;2 and AMT1;3 to inhibit the ammonium transport activity. The AMT1 RNAi was more susceptible and similar to the AMT1;1 D358N mutant; however, plants with higher NH4+ uptake activity were less susceptible to ShB. Glutamine synthetase 1;1 (GS1;1) mutant gs1;1 and overexpressors (GS1;1 OXs) were more and less susceptible to ShB respectively. Furthermore, AMT1;1 overexpressor (AMT1;1 OX)/gs1;1 and gs1;1 exhibited a similar response to ShB, suggesting that ammonium assimilation rather than accumulation controls the ShB defence. Genetic and physiological assays further demonstrated that plants with higher amino acid or chlorophyll content promoted rice resistance to ShB. Interestingly, the expression of ethylene‐related genes was higher in AMT1;1 OX and lower in RNAi mutants than in wild‐type. Also, ethylene signalling positively regulated rice resistance to ShB and NH4+ uptake, suggesting that ethylene signalling acts downstream of AMT and also NH4+ uptake is under feedback control. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the AMT1 promotes rice resistance to ShB via the regulation of diverse metabolic and signalling pathways.