bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target localization and encirclement control for multi‐UAVs with limited information
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Chen Xin , Jia Jiangbo , Fu Zaifei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe problem of localization and encirclement control of a moving target by multi unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is considered in this paper. The main objective is to guide the UAVs to form evenly spaced formations along the circumference, with the centre of the circumference tracking the movement of the target. Firstly, each UAV is assumed only to obtain the bearing angle information of the target, for which an estimator is developed to localize the target by bearing measurements. Thereafter, a distributed encirclement control algorithm based on cooperative moving path following (CMPF) is designed to drive the multi‐UAVs to circumnavigate around a moving target at a desired distance, thus developing to pursue cooperatively. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Shunt compensation for mitigation of harmonics, voltage sags, and flickers using new STATCOM control scheme
Authors: Qader Mohammed Redha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVoltage sags flickers, and harmonics are major problems associated with power quality and are of concern to power companies and consumers. Therefore, efforts to improve power quality have increased. This study explores the dynamic performance of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), which is used to mitigate voltage sags, flickers, and harmonics using a novel control method. Further, the ability of the STATCOM system to alleviate issues related to power quality while, in addition, improving the transmission/distribution system performance concerning all disturbances and errors related to the system is validated. The methodology of this research adopts MATLAB/SIMULINK to perform the requested simulations, which were analysed accordingly. The results show an improvement in the system performance between 40% and 80%, demonstrating the ability of the newly designed controller for a STATCOM to alleviate voltage sags, flickers, and harmonics.
Weakly supervised building semantic segmentation via superpixel‐CRF with initial deep seeds guiding
Authors: Moghalles Khaled , Li Heng‐Chao , Al‐Huda Zaid , Raza Ali , Malik Asad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe segmentation of building from satellite and airborne images is necessary for high‐resolution buildings maps generation and it is still challenging. On annotated pixel‐level images, trained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were used to improve segmentation of building. The cost of labelling training data is high, which reduces their usage. Human labelling efforts can be significantly reduced using weakly supervised segmentation techniques. Here, a novel weakly supervised framework is introduced for building semantic segmenting that relies on deep seeds to construct a superpixels‐CRF model over superpixels segmentation in order to generate high‐quality initial pixel‐level annotations, as the initialization step. Then, the segmentation network is trained using the initial pixel‐level annotations. Next, the CRF model is used to refine the segmentation masks, and the segmentation network is retrained to achieve accurate pixel‐level annotations while iteratively optimizing the segmentation. The experimental results on three public building datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly improved the quality of building semantic segmentation while remaining computationally efficient.
Stochastic scheduling of ground movement problem integrated with taxiway routing and gate/stand allocation
Authors: Yang Yuanchao , Gao Zichen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors propose a new scheduling model and solution method for Ground Movement Problem (GMP) which is designed to manage the movements of flights on the surface of airport air‐side in an effective manner. Since the arrival time for arrival flights and off‐block time for departure flights are usually uncertain parameters for GMP, the proposed scheduling model is stochastic and integrates the three‐dimensional (3‐D) taxiway routes’ assignment (with variable taxiing speed for flights) and the gates/stands allocation for the flights, with fully capturing multiple constraints related to taxiways, gates/stands and aircraft performance limits. The solution method also provides a stochastic quantification scheme concerning both uncertainties by the arrival time and off‐block time information. The schedule results can realize the immunity of the above time uncertainties within a tolerable risk probability. We finally provide numerical analysis to verify the stochastic scheduling model with mixed integer and linear programming (MILP) basics and illustrate the effectiveness of proposed solution method by a test case on Hangzhou international airport in China.
Nurturing Future Leaders in Esthetics: Now Is the Time
Authors: Rao Parinitha , Mukherjee Mansi , Wang Keming , Yu Nanze , Garcia Patricia , Li Felix , Parikh Apul , Ioannidis Sotirios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a need for a specialist pathway or progression in esthetic medicine for esthetic physicians. A structured program for specialized training in nonsurgical facial esthetics to empower physicians is the need of the hour. The pharmaceutical companies currently provide training sessions, taking considerable initiatives to train esthetic professionals. “Leaders of the future” is a global thought leadership program by the Allergan Aesthetics. The program was designed to support and nurture the next generation of leaders by focusing on science and evidence. It aimed to help practitioners grow, evolve, learn, share, and connect with leading international experts. The sessions were focused on the importance of science and sensibility in esthetic medicine, as well as critical thinking and leadership skills. Mentorship is one of the most effective approaches for transforming the lives of young esthetic practitioners and, in turn, future patients. In addition, the importance of in-depth knowledge of injection anatomy for safe practice was emphasized. As esthetic surgeons and physicians, we must commit to incorporating evidence-based medicine into our life-long practice. “Leaders of the Future” program aims to build a solid foundation for esthetic surgeons and physicians to grow and evolve as thought leaders. The program would also aid in the pursuit of a best esthetic practice that incorporates professional identity formation, clinical competence, and evidence-based management in nonsurgical esthetics.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Postoperative Outcomes following Skull Base Meningioma Surgery
Authors: Jimenez Adrian E. , Porras Jose L. , Azad Tej D. , Shah Pavan P. , Jackson Christopher M. , Gallia Gary , Bettegowda Chetan , Weingart Jon , Mukherjee Debraj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective While predictive analytic techniques have been used to analyze meningioma postoperative outcomes, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that have investigated the utility of machine learning (ML) models in prognosticating outcomes among skull base meningioma patients. The present study aimed to develop models for predicting postoperative outcomes among skull base meningioma patients, specifically prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), nonroutine discharge disposition, and high hospital charges. We also validated the predictive performance of our models on out-of-sample testing data.
Methods Patients who underwent skull base meningioma surgery between 2016 and 2019 at an academic institution were included in our study. Prolonged hospital LOS and high hospital charges were defined as >4 days and >$47,887, respectively. Elastic net logistic regression algorithms were trained to predict postoperative outcomes using 70% of available data, and their predictive performance was evaluated on the remaining 30%.
Results A total of 265 patients were included in our final analysis. Our cohort was majority female (77.7%) and Caucasian (63.4%). Elastic net logistic regression algorithms predicting prolonged LOS, nonroutine discharge, and high hospital charges achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.798, 0.752, and 0.592, respectively. Further, all models were adequately calibrated as determined by the Spiegelhalter Z-test (p >0.05).
Conclusion Our study developed models predicting prolonged hospital LOS, nonroutine discharge disposition, and high hospital charges among skull base meningioma patients. Our models highlight the utility of ML as a tool to aid skull base surgeons in providing high-value health care and optimizing clinical workflows.
Flap to Mastectomy Mass: Are Higher Ratios Associated with Greater Breast Reconstruction Satisfaction?
Authors: Long Aaron S. , Ching Ann H. , Hauc Sacha C. , Mozaffari Mohammad Ali , Junn Adam H. , Rivera Jean Carlo , Almeida Mariana N. , Alper David P. , Allam Omar , Alperovich Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Autologous breast reconstruction is associated with superior patient-reported outcomes compared with prosthetic techniques, but little is known about the relationship between autologous flap mass and patient satisfaction. We hypothesized that a higher differential mass (ratio of flap mass to mastectomy mass) would be associated with greater satisfaction with reconstruction.
Methods In this retrospective study, patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction between 2015 and 2020 with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap completed the BREAST-Q survey. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between differential mass and patient satisfaction. Models controlled for body mass index (BMI), age at surgery, reconstruction size preference, number of surgeries, previous surgery failure, whether the patient underwent radiation therapy, and whether reconstruction was unilateral or bilateral.
Results Overall, 45 patients (70 breasts) completed the BREAST-Q survey. Mean age at reconstruction was 52.2 years and mean time to survey completion following surgery was 21.1 months. Most patients (59.4%) desired a smaller breast after reconstruction. The mean differential mass was +26.3% (flap mass greater than mastectomy mass). Differential mass was positively associated with all satisfaction measures with results being significant for satisfaction with breasts scores (p=0.032).
Conclusion In this preliminary study, a higher ratio of autologous flap mass to mastectomy mass was associated with overall higher patient-reported satisfaction. A 1:1 flap to mastectomy mass ratio may not adequately reapproximate desired breast size or shape. Larger autologous flap mass may be favorable for long-term patient satisfaction, and future studies should investigate the relationship between differential mass and breast esthetics.
The Optimal Cesarean Skin Incision in Patients with Super Obesity
Authors: Seif Karl E. , Goetzinger Katherine R. , Turan Ozhan M. 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate if supraumbilical midline vertical incision performed in patients with a hanging pannus (umbilicus at the level of the pubic bone) is a reasonable alternative to the Pfannenstiel in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m2 undergoing cesarean delivery.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study in patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 undergoing cesarean delivery at a single center from 2016 to 2020. Study groups were Pfannenstiel's versus supraumbilical vertical skin incision. If patients had a hanging pannus (umbilicus at the level of the pubic bone), vertical incisions were performed. Otherwise, Pfannenstiel's incision was performed. Decision for the incision was made prospectively. Primary outcome was a composite of need for blood transfusion, presence of immediate surgical complications, and presence of delayed surgical complications. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome, the median surgical blood loss, total operative time, time from skin incision to delivery of neonate, hysterotomy type, and neonatal outcomes. MedCalc 19.5.1 was used for analysis.
Results A total of 103 patients with BMI ≥50 kg/m2 were included. Of those, 68 (66%) had Pfannenstiel's and 35 (34%) had supraumbilical vertical incisions. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the primary outcome (12 vs. 11%, p = 0.96). There was neither significant difference in immediate or delayed postoperative complications nor in neonatal outcomes. However, patients in the vertical midline incision group were more likely to have a classical hysterotomy (52%) compared with the Pfannenstiel group (6%; p < 0.05), increased overall median surgical blood loss (1,000 vs. 835 mL, p < 0.05), and increased total surgical time by a median of 30 minutes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In patients with super obesity and hanging pannus, performing a supraumbilical vertical midline incision offers a reasonable alternative to Pfannenstiel's incision, but patients should be counseled about the increased risk for classical hysterotomy and implications in future pregnancies.
Key Points
A Comprehensive Research Schema for the Characterization of Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Alslaim Hossam , Sanampudi Sreeja , Raissi Driss , Fu Weibo , Behr Amanda Y. , Issa Mohamed , Sheppard Mary B. , Weintraub Neal L. , Winkler Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA robust, accurate, and standardized approach to measurement of the aorta is critical to improve the predictive accuracy of these aortic measurements, and to investigate other aortic imaging biomarkers. Developing a comprehensive and generic schema for characterization of the aorta to enable investigators to standardize data that are collected across all aorta research. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify and assess schemata of aortic measurement and description. The schemata were reported and discussed to guide the synthesis of a comprehensive schema. We propose the International College of Angiology Aortic Research Schema as a comprehensive design that fills the gaps left behind by previously reported schemata. It is intended to be applicable for all clinically relevant purposes, including endograft development for aneurysm repair and for the accurate characterization of the aortic anatomy. This schema divides the aorta into 14 segments and 2 sections (thoracic and abdominal aortas). The segmentation proposed can be used in addition to specific measurements taken for any aneurysm including the neck, and maximal and minimal diameters of the aneurysm.
Midsectional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of the Sigmoid Notch of the Distal Radioulnar Joint
Authors: Mauler Flavien , Boudabbous Sana , Beaulieu Jean-Yves 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose This study describes the anatomy and analyzes the variations of the midsectional morphology of the sigmoid notch.
Methods The wrists of 50 patients with suspected scaphoid fracture were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sigmoid notch length, volar and dorsal rim heights, insertion length of the volar radioulnar ligament, and Tolat morphology classification were measured on T1-weighted axial plane MRI. Ulnar variance and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) inclination were assessed on anteroposterior radiographs.
Results The most common sigmoid notch shapes were types C (C-shaped, 60%) and B (ski-slope, 30%), followed by types D (S-shaped, 6%) and A (flat, 4%). Types A and B had a flat dorsal rim (mean 0.77 ± 1.09 mm, range 0.0–1.54 mm, and mean 0.22 ± 0.3 mm, range 0.0–0.76 mm, respectively). Types C and D had more prominent dorsal rims (means 1.47 ± 0.59 mm, range 0.66–2.57 mm, and mean 1.6 ± 0.97 mm, range 0.8–2.68 mm, respectively). The average volar lip length was 1.60 ± 1.11 mm (range, 0.0–4.10). The dorsovolar length of the radius was 18.4 ± 2.01 mm; the length of the sigmoid notch was 14.3 ± 1.73 mm. The type of sigmoid notch according to Tolat was significantly associated with volar lip length (p = 0.005). The type of sigmoid notch was not associated with ulnar variance or DRUJ inclination. The length of the sigmoid notch was significantly associated with the type of sigmoid notch (p = 0.005). The analysis demonstrated a negative association between the sigmoid notch length and the volar insertion of the radioulnar ligament (p = 0.019).
Conclusions The transversal morphology of the sigmoid notch was either flat with the least congruence (similar to type A of Tolat), with volar congruence only (similar to type B), or with volar and dorsal congruence (similar to types C and D). A shorter sigmoid notch may be compensated by a broader insertion of the volar radioulnar ligament.
Clinical Relevance The measurements and correlations demonstrated in this study can be a guide when considering reconstructive procedures or dealing with the instability of the DRUJ.
Trajectories of physical functioning among US adults with cognitive impairment
Authors: Zang Emma , Shi Yu , Wang Xueqing , Wu Bei , Fried Terri R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
physical functioning impairment is common among persons with cognitive impairment, but little is known about physical functioning trajectories across the US population or how trajectories may differ among persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective
to examine trajectories of physical functioning among persons with MCI and dementia in the USA.

Design
we used data from the National Health and Aging Trends study (NHATS) 2011–18. Physical functioning was assessed using the NHATS Expanded Short Physical Performance Battery.

Participants
the 661 individuals with MCI and 980 individuals with dementia were included in this study.

Methods
we applied group-based trajectory models to identify latent groups and estimate their trajectories. Multinomial logistic regressions were applied to examine relationships between sociodemographic and health characteristics and trajectory group memberships.

Results
both MCI- and dementia-specific trajectories differed at baseline levels and declined at varying rates across groups. Approximately, 78.43% of persons with MCI were in trajectories with a moderate rate of decline, with only 9.75% in a trajectory with good physical function and 11.82% with poor physical function without as much change over time. Among persons with dementia, approximately 81.4% experienced moderate or fast declines, and 18.52% with virtually no functional ability remained at this same low level. Worse physical functioning trajectories were found among persons who were females, Blacks, with at least four comorbidities, and among persons who had a low socioeconomic status.

Conclusions
persons with both dementia and MCI experienced steady declines in physical functioning. Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups have worse physical functioning trajectories.
Molecular basis and functional development of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism
Authors: Yoshimura Tohru 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Enzymology, the study of enzyme structures and reaction mechanisms can be considered a classical discipline. However, enzymes cannot be freely designed to catalyze desired reactions yet, and enzymology is by no means a complete science. I have long studied the reaction mechanisms of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism, such as aminotransferases and racemases, which depend on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a coenzyme form of vitamin B6. During these studies, I have often been reminded that enzymatic reactions are extremely sophisticated processes based on chemical principles and enzyme structures, and have often been amazed at the evolutionary mechanisms that bestowed them with such structures. In this review, I described the reaction mechanism of various pyridoxal enzymes especially related to d-amino acids metabolism, whose roles in mammals have recently attracted attention. I hope to convey some of the significance and interest in enzymology through this review.
Variational Bayes for high-dimensional proportional hazards models with applications within gene expression
Authors: Komodromos Michael , Aboagye Eric O , Evangelou Marina , Filippi Sarah , Ray Kolyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationFew Bayesian methods for analyzing high-dimensional sparse survival data provide scalable variable selection, effect estimation and uncertainty quantification. Such methods often either sacrifice uncertainty quantification by computing maximum a posteriori estimates, or quantify the uncertainty at high (unscalable) computational expense.ResultsWe bridge this gap and develop an interpretable and scalable Bayesian proportional hazards model for prediction and variable selection, referred to as sparse variational Bayes. Our method, based on a mean-field variational approximation, overcomes the high computational cost of Markov chain Monte Carlo, whilst retaining useful features, providing a posterior distribution for the parameters and offering a natural mechanism for variable selection via posterior inclusion probabilities. The performance of our proposed method is assessed via extensive simulations and compared against other state-of-the-art Bayesian variable selection methods, demonstrating comparable or better performance. Finally, we demonstrate how the proposed method can be used for variable selection on two transcriptomic datasets with censored survival outcomes, and how the uncertainty quantification offered by our method can be used to provide an interpretable assessment of patient risk.Availability and implementationour method has been implemented as a freely available R package survival.svb (https://github.com/mkomod/survival.svb).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The association of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization is affected by socio-economic status: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Wendt Frank R , Pathak Gita A , De Angelis Flavio , De Lillo Antonella , Koller Dora , Polimanti Renato 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Due to its large impact on human health, socio-economic status (SES) could at least partially influence the established association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. To estimate the independent effect of body size and SES on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods
Applying two-sample MR approaches, we evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI, n = 322 154), waist circumference (WC, n = 234 069), hip circumference (n = 213 019) and waist–hip ratio (n = 210 088) with respect to three COVID-19 outcomes: severe respiratory COVID-19 (cases = 8779, controls = 1 000 875), hospitalized COVID-19 (cases = 17 992, controls = 1 810 493) and COVID-19 infection (cases = 87 870, controls = 2 210 804). Applying a multivariable MR (MVMR) approach, we estimated the effect of these anthropometric traits on COVID-19 outcomes accounting for the effect of SES assessed as household income (n = 286 301).

Results
BMI and WC were associated with severe respiratory COVID-19 [BMI: odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, CI = 1.24–1.84, P = 3.01e-05; WC: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15–1.91, P = 0.0019] and hospitalized COVID-19 (BMI: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.32–1.72, P = 8.83e-10; WC: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20–1.67, P = 3.72e-05). Conversely, income was associated with lower odds of severe respiratory (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53–0.93, P = 0.015) and hospitalized COVID-19 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66–0.92, P = 0.003). MVMR analyses showed that the effect of these obesity-related traits on increasing the odds of COVID-19 negative outcomes becomes null when accounting for income. Conversely, the association of income with lower odds of COVID-19 negative outcomes is not affected when including the anthropometric traits in the multivariable model.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that SES contributes to the effect of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization.