bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pictorial essay on MRI local staging of rectal carcinoma: An easy approach
Authors: Cheah Wai‐Hun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRectal cancer is common and accounts for more than one‐third of colorectal tumors. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previously computed tomography scan is the key imaging modality in preoperative assessment to detect local invasion and distant metastasis. However, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has aided in local staging and prognosticates the outcome of rectal tumor. Here, the author briefly explains why rectal MRI has a comprehensive role and provides a simple and easy way in reporting an MRI rectal carcinoma, even for a non‐radiologist.
Efficacy and safety of letrozole or anastrozole in the treatment of male infertility with low testosterone‐estradiol ratio: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Guo Bin , Li Jiao‐jiao , Ma Ya‐ling , Zhao Yu‐tao , Liu Jian‐guo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used to treat male infertility for decades. However, due to the lack of large‐scale randomized controlled studies and basic research, the efficacy and safety of AIs in the treatment of male infertility remain controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an evidence‐based preliminary evaluation of the existing clinical trials of AIs in the treatment of male infertility.MethodA comprehensive literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases through August 2021 for all studies. We conducted a systematic review with a meta‐analysis of all available studies reporting sperm conventional parameters, gonadotropin and testosterone levels, and/or the pregnancy rate.ResultsA total of 10 studies involving 666 patients were included. Letrozole (LE) or anastrozole (AZ) administration significantly increased sperm concentration, total sperm count, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) levels, and the testosterone‐to‐estradiol ratio (T/E2), but E2 levels were significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Compared with the control group, which included selective estrogen receptor modulators (SEMRs) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), LE, or AZ did not have any significant effect on sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, except that AIs had less effect on sperm motility than the control group (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −2.55; 95% CI: −4.11 to −1.00; p = 0.001).ConclusionAIs may be effective in the treatment of male infertility. For infertile male patients planning assisted reproduction, discontinuation of AIs for 2–7 days prior to sperm retrieval may increase the success rate of fertilization. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
International student mobility: Pacific Islander experiences of higher education in Australia
Authors: Pearson Jasmine , McNamara Karen E. , McMichael Celia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTertiary education scholarships for individual students from developing countries, including those in the Pacific Islands, are a key pillar of Australia's development policy. Understanding students' experiences of these scholarships are important in identifying both positives and challenges, which can help foster improved future opportunities. This is especially the case for Pacific Islander students engaging in the Australia Awards Scholarship programme for which there is limited understanding of experiences. As such, this paper identifies that although educational mobility programmes can offer a wealth of opportunities for students, the COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges of such programmes which can inhibit students from reaching their full potential. Educational mobility programmes that effectively address the needs of students and empower them to achieve their goals are required to better facilitate transformative development pathways for Australia's Pacific Island neighbours.
Plasma levels of VEGF‐A and VCAM‐1 as predictors of drug‐induced hypertension in patients treated with VEGF pathway inhibitors
Authors: Quintanilha Julia C. F. , Hammond Kelli , Liu Yingmiao , Marmorino Federica , Borelli Beatrice , Cremolini Chiara , Nixon Andrew B. , Innocenti Federico 
Published: April 2022

AimsHypertension is a common toxicity induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors. There are no validated markers of hypertension induced by these drugs.MethodsWe previously discovered that cancer patients with lower plasma levels of angiopoietin‐2, VCAM‐1 and VEGF‐A are at high risk of developing severe hypertension when treated with bevacizumab. This study aimed to validate the predictive value of these markers in pretreatment plasma samples of an additional cohort of 101 colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib. The levels of angiopoietin‐2, VCAM‐1 and VEGF‐A were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between proteins and grade ≥2 regorafenib‐induced hypertension was performed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) from logistic regression. Using the optimal cut‐point of each protein, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for hypertension were estimated.ResultsLower levels of VCAM‐1 (P = .015, OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.27–8.08) and VEGF‐A (P = .007, OR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.40–8.75) were associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Levels of angiopoietin‐2 were not associated with hypertension. The multivariable model indicates an independent effect of VCAM‐1 (P = .018, OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.25–8.68) and VEGF‐A (P = .008, OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.44–10.21). The presence of low levels of both VCAM‐1 and VEGF‐A had an OR of 9.46 (95% CI 3.08–33.26, P = 1.70 × 10−4) for the risk of hypertension (sensitivity of 41.4%, specificity of 93.1%, PPV of 70.6% and NPV of 79.8%).ConclusionsThis study confirmed the value of VCAM‐1 and VEGF‐A levels in predicting hypertension induced by regorafenib, another VEGF pathway inhibitor.
First‐in‐human study of eliapixant (BAY 1817080), a highly selective P2X3 receptor antagonist: Tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Klein Stefan , Gashaw Isabella , Baumann Sybille , Chang Xinying , Hummel Thomas , Thuß Uwe , Friedrich Christian 
Published: April 2022

AimsNeuronal hypersensitisation due to adenosine triphosphate‐dependent P2X3 receptor signalling plays a significant role in several disorders including chronic cough and endometriosis. This first‐in‐human study of eliapixant (BAY 1817080) investigated the tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single doses of eliapixant, including the effect of food and coadministration with a CYP3A inhibitor on eliapixant relative bioavailability.MethodsIn this randomised, double‐blind phase I study (NCT02817100), 88 healthy male subjects received single ascending doses of immediate‐release eliapixant (10–800 mg) tablets or placebo under fasted conditions, with food (low‐fat continental or high‐fat American breakfast) or with itraconazole (fasted state). PK parameters, dose proportionality, adverse events and taste assessments (taste strips; dysgeusia questionnaire) were evaluated.ResultsEliapixant had a long half‐life (23.5–58.9 h [fasted state]; 32.8–43.8 h [high‐fat breakfast]; 38.9–46.0 h [low‐fat breakfast]). Less than dose‐proportional increases in maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC[0–inf]) were observed with ascending eliapixant doses. We observed a pronounced food effect with the high‐fat breakfast (4.1‐fold increased Cmax; 2.7‐fold increased AUC[0–inf]), a smaller food effect with the low‐fat breakfast and a mild‐to‐moderate effect of itraconazole coadministration on eliapixant (1.1–1.2‐fold increased Cmax; 1.7‐fold increased AUC from 0 to 72 h). Eliapixant was well tolerated with minimal impact on taste perception.ConclusionThe PK profile, particularly the long half‐life, and favourable tolerability with no taste‐related adverse events, supports the further development of eliapixant in disorders with underlying P2X3 receptor‐mediated neuronal hypersensitisation.
Children’s developing views of social excluders: A dissociation between social evaluation and partner preference
Authors: Woodward Amanda Mae , Horen Lindsay A. , Knoll Sarah J. , Beier Jonathan S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen facing social exclusion, children seek to strengthen existing social connections and form new ones. This study asked whether they also make strategic choices about the targets of their affiliative goals. Three‐ to six‐year‐olds (N = 69; 36 female; mostly non‐Hispanic White) observed characters acting inclusively or exclusively. All ages viewed excluders more negatively than includers, but only five‐ and six‐year‐olds preferred includers as play partners. Despite easily detecting and remembering exclusion events, younger children expressed no play partner preference. Children's verbal justifications revealed that older children choose partners more carefully and draw on a richer understanding of exclusion. More generally, the initial dissociation between social evaluation and preference formation underscores that these are distinct processes with different developmental trajectories.
Fiscal implications of interest rate normalization in the United States
Authors: Bi Huixin , Shen Wenyi , Yang Shu‐Chun S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the fiscal implications of interest rate normalization from the zero lower bound (ZLB) in the United States. At the ZLB, falling tax revenues and real bond prices increase government debt accumulation. During normalization, interest payments remain above the path without the ZLB, and government debt can increase further despite the recovery of output and tax revenues. Against the yardstick of ability to pay, interest rate normalization is unlikely to threaten federal debt sustainability at the current net federal debt level about 100% of GDP. If the government fails to reform Social Security and major healthcare programs, sovereign default risk can rise more quickly when debt reaches 150% of GDP. Also, a more active monetary policy anchors inflation expectations better, generates a faster recovery and, hence, slows down debt accumulation more than a less active one does. An unexpected early liftoff, however, can prolong a recession and increase debt accumulation more at the ZLB and during normalization.
Neutrophil phenotypes in bronchial airways differentiate single from dual responding allergic asthmatics
Authors: van der Burg Nicole , Stenberg Henning , Ekstedt Sandra , Diamant Zuzana , Bornesund Daisy , Ankerst Jaro , Kumlien Georén Susanna , Cardell Lars‐Olaf , Bjermer Leif , Erjefält Jonas , Tufvesson Ellen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAllergic asthmatics with both an early (EAR) and a late allergic reaction (LAR) following allergen exposure are termed ‘dual responders’ (DR), while ‘single responders’ (SR) only have an EAR. Mechanisms that differentiate DR from SR are largely unknown, particularly regarding the role and phenotypes of neutrophils. Therefore, we aimed to study neutrophils in DR and SR asthmatics.MethodsThirty‐four allergic asthmatics underwent an inhaled allergen challenge, samples were collected before and up to 24 h post‐challenge. Cell differentials were counted from bronchial lavage, alveolar lavage and blood; and tissue neutrophils were quantified in immune‐stained bronchial biopsies. Lavage neutrophil nuclei lobe segmentation was used to classify active (1–4 lobes) from suppressive neutrophils (≥5 lobes). Levels of transmigration markers: soluble (s)CD62L and interleukin‐1Ra, and activity markers: neutrophil elastase (NE), DNA‐histone complex and dsDNA were measured in lavage fluid and plasma.ResultsCompared with SR at baseline, DR had more neutrophils in their bronchial airways at baseline, both in the lavage (p = .0031) and biopsies (p = .026) and elevated bronchial neutrophils correlated with less antitransmigratory IL‐1Ra levels (r = −0.64). DR airways had less suppressive neutrophils and more 3‐lobed (active) neutrophils (p = .029) that correlated with more bronchial lavage histone (p = .020) and more plasma NE (p = .0016). Post‐challenge, DR released neutrophil extracellular trap factors in the blood earlier and had less pro‐transmigratory sCD62L during the late phase (p = .0076) than in SR.ConclusionDR have a more active airway neutrophil phenotype at baseline and a distinct neutrophil response to allergen challenge that may contribute to the development of an LAR. Therefore, neutrophil activity should be considered during targeted diagnosis and bio‐therapeutic development for DR.
Nationwide Alcohol‐related visits In Singapore's Emergency departments (NAISE): A retrospective population‐level study from 2007 to 2016
Authors: Liu Zhenghong , Mao Desmond Ren‐Hao , Fook‐Chong Stephanie , Mak Charles Chia Meng , Tan Xi Xiang Esther , Wu Jun Tian , Tan Kelvin B. , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Siddiqui Fahad J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionExcessive alcohol consumption is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and its societal impact is substantial. The Nationwide Alcohol‐related visits In Singapore Emergency departments study aims to characterise trends in ED visits involving acute and chronic alcohol consumption between 2007 and 2016.MethodsData from the Singapore Ministry of Health, comprising all ED visits in Singapore from 2007 to 2016, were used. The data were aggregated by year and analysed for changes in prevalence and rates of ED visits for acute and chronic alcohol consumption, broken down by age, gender and ethnicity.ResultsOver the study period, the number of ED visits involving alcohol consumption increased 98.3%, from 2236 in 2007 to 4433 in 2016. During the same period, the rate per 100 000 population increased 62.4% from 48.7 to 79.1, and total ED‐related costs rose by 140%, from 528 680 to 1 269 638 SGD. The increase in alcohol‐related visits rates and costs was higher than non‐alcohol‐related visits rates and costs, which increased by 12.1% and 115% respectively. While trends in acute and chronic alcohol‐related ED visits stayed stable amongst women, they rose substantially in men. Older men aged 50–69 show the highest rates and rate of increase for both acute and chronic alcohol‐related ED visits.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol‐related visits contributed disproportionately to the increasing number of ED visits in Singapore between 2007 and 2016. Older men form the demographic with the highest rates and increase in rates of alcohol‐related ED visits and form a potential group for targeted intervention.
Effectiveness of long‐term prophylaxis using pdFVIII/VWF concentrate in patients with inherited von Willebrand disease
Authors: Rugeri Lucia , Harroche Annie , Repessé Yohan , Desprez Dominique , Petesch Brigitte Pan , Chamouni Pierre , Biron Christine , Frotscher Birgit , Catovic Hasan , Bracquart Diane , Martin Cédric , Trossaërt Marc , Meunier Sandrine , d'Oiron Roseline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with symptomatic von Willebrand disease (VWD) should be offered long‐term prophylaxis (LTP) to prevent recurrent bleedings. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Voncento®, a plasma‐derived FVIII/VWF concentrate (ratio 1:2.4), administrated in LTP.MethodsWe included patients from the OPALE study (May 2016 to April 2021), a French multicenter observational study following patients with inherited VWD, who received a Voncento® LTP during the study period.ResultsAmong the 130 OPALE‐study patients, 23 patients (12 women) received a LTP and were therefore included. The median (range) age was 16 (1–85) years; 16 patients were type 3, 1 was type 2A, 6 were type 2B. Before inclusion, 19 (83%) were under LTP and 4 (17%) received on‐demand (OD) treatment. The indications for initiating prophylaxis in the overall population were joint bleeding (43%), ear, nose, and throat (ENT) bleeding including epistaxis or oral bleeding (39%), and recurrent muscle hematoma (22%). The medians (ranges) dose of Voncento® per infusion, frequency, and weekly dose were 45 (33–109) IU/kg, 2 infusions per week, and 96 (44–222) IU/kg/week, respectively. The median (range) annualized bleeding rate (ABR) was 0.8, 0.7 (0–3.5), and 0 (0–2.3) for type 2A, 2B, 3 patients, respectively. There was no difference regarding to the dose, frequency of infusion, or in terms of ABR in 9/19 patients who replaced previous concentrates with Voncento®. During the study period, no adverse event was reported.ConclusionThese results suggest that Voncento® is effective to prevent recurrent bleedings in patients symptomatic VWD.
Comparing individually based and family‐based treatments for internalizing, externalizing, and family symptoms in Latino youth
Authors: Santisteban Daniel A. , Mena Maite P. , McCabe Brian E. , Abalo Clara , Puccinelli Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRigorous randomized trials that test promising culturally centered treatments for Latino youth and families are needed. This study adds to the knowledge base by comparing the efficacy of Culturally Informed and Flexible Family Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) to an Individually Oriented Treatment‐As‐Usual (ITAU) in its ability to retain Latino youth and families in treatment, reduce internalizing and externalizing child symptoms, and improve family functioning. CIFFTA uses an adaptive/flexible approach to deliver individual therapy, family therapy, and psycho‐educational modules tailored to each family's unique clinical and cultural characteristics. Two hundred Latino adolescents 11–14 years of age completed a baseline assessment, were randomly assigned to CIFFTA or ITAU, then were assessed again after 16 weeks of intervention. Results show that CIFFTA had significantly higher retention (83%) than ITAU (71%), OR = 2.05,p = .036. Youth in both conditions showed significant reductions in youth and parent reported externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and there were no differences in change between conditions. Parents in CIFFTA reported significantly greater reductions in family conflict,d = 0.38,p = .025 than in ITAU. In CIFFTA, children of less acculturated Latino parents showed more improvement than the children of more acculturated parents. In ITAU, the reverse was true, children of more acculturated parents reported more improvement. This evidence of CIFFTA’s impact on retention, family conflict, and differential effect depending on cultural values and behaviors, has important implications for the field of Latino psychology and family treatment.
Modulating fatigue property of in situ Ti‐based metallic glass composites by changing dendrite composition
Authors: Wang Xiaodi , Song Shaolong , Zhu Zhengwang , Zhang Haifeng , Ren Xuechong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetallic glass composites (MGCs) serve as promising candidates of advanced structural materials. In this work, the Mo element was added to change the dendrite composition of in situ dendrite‐reinforced Ti‐based MGCs, for exploring the effect of dendrite composition on fatigue behavior. The Mo‐containing MGC possessed the lower fatigue lives and fatigue endurance limit, relative to Mo‐free MGC. Several characterization methods including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to reveal the fatigue deformation and damage features. The Mo could change the dendrite stability and then induce the fatigue deformation variation from martensitic transformation and twinning to dislocation slipping. The fatigue crack formed from the metallic glass (MG) matrix phases and deflected when encountering the dendrites in Mo‐free MGC; for comparison, the fatigue crack formed from the dendrites and penetrated the adjacent MG matrix and dendrites in Mo‐containing MGC. Current results may offer the guidance on future composition design for MGCs with excellent fatigue property.
A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases: Opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base
Authors: Feng Xiao , Enquist Brian J. , Park Daniel S. , Boyle Brad , Breshears David D. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Lien Aaron , Newman Erica A. , Burger Joseph R. , Maitner Brian S. , Merow Cory , Li Yaoqi , Huynh Kimberly M. , Ernst Kacey , Baldwin Elizabeth , Foden Wendy , Hannah Lee , Jørgensen Peter M. , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Lovett Jon C. , Marquet Pablo A. , McGill Brian J. , Morueta‐Holme Naia , Neves Danilo M. , Núñez‐Regueiro Mauricio M. , Oliveira‐Filho Ary T. , Peet Robert K. , Pillet Michiel , Roehrdanz Patrick R. , Sandel Brody , Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Šímová Irena , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Violle Cyrille , Weitemier Trang D. , Wiser Susan , López‐Hoffman Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimAddressing global environmental challenges requires access to biodiversity data across wide spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Availability of such data has increased exponentially recently with the proliferation of biodiversity databases. However, heterogeneous coverage, protocols, and standards have hampered integration among these databases. To stimulate the next stage of data integration, here we present a synthesis of major databases, and investigate (a) how the coverage of databases varies across taxonomy, space, and record type; (b) what degree of integration is present among databases; (c) how integration of databases can increase biodiversity knowledge; and (d) the barriers to database integration.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedPlants and vertebrates.MethodsWe reviewed 12 established biodiversity databases that mainly focus on geographic distributions and functional traits at global scale. We synthesized information from these databases to assess the status of their integration and major knowledge gaps and barriers to full integration. We estimated how improved integration can increase the data coverage for terrestrial plants and vertebrates.ResultsEvery database reviewed had a unique focus of data coverage. Exchanges of biodiversity information were common among databases, although not always clearly documented. Functional trait databases were more isolated than those pertaining to species distributions. Variation and potential incompatibility of taxonomic systems used by different databases posed a major barrier to data integration. We found that integration of distribution databases could lead to increased taxonomic coverage that corresponds to 23 years’ advancement in data accumulation, and improvement in taxonomic coverage could be as high as 22.4% for trait databases.Main conclusionsRapid increases in biodiversity knowledge can be achieved through the integration of databases, providing the data necessary to address critical environmental challenges. Full integration across databases will require tackling the major impediments to data integration: taxonomic incompatibility, lags in data exchange, barriers to effective data synchronization, and isolation of individual initiatives.