bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The remarkable invisibility of NHS 111 online
Authors: Pope Catherine , MacLellan Jennifer , Prichard Jane , Turnbull Joanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2017, the NHS 111 telephone service was augmented by an online service. This is an exemplar of ‘digital‐first’, the push to enrol digital technologies to deliver services, and is viewed by policymakers as an important vehicle for managing demand for overburdened health services. This article reports the qualitative component of a larger multi‐method study of NHS 111 online. Qualitative telephone interviews with 80 staff and stakeholders implicated in primary, urgent and emergency care service delivery explored the impact of NHS 111 online on health‐care work. The analysis presented here draws on Susie Scott’s work on the ‘sociology of nothing’ and theories of the marked and unmarked, which we reached for when confronted by the remarkable invisibility of this seemingly core NHS service in the wider landscape of health care. Despite the apparently high use by patients and the public (30 million visits over 6 months in the 2020 pandemic), we were surprised to find very low awareness among our interviewees. Confusion about nomenclature, an exceedingly crowded digital field (littered with alternative technologies and ways of accessing care) and constant change in service provision provide some cogent reasons for this invisibility, and sociology helps explain our data about this digital technology.
Three birds with one stone? Sex ratios of seized critically endangered helmeted hornbill casques reveal illegal hunting of males, females and juveniles
Authors: Hatten C. E. R. , Tilley H. B. , Hadiprakarsa Y. , Dingle C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHunted wildlife can often be used to answer questions about wild individuals. Sex ratios of hunted individuals can be important for understanding changes in population demographics and viability. Here we determined the sex ratio of the illegally hunted helmeted hornbillRhinoplax vigil, a critically endangered species from Southeast Asia, to examine their vulnerability to hunters. Using casques seized in Hong Kong SAR between 2012 and 2016, we identified the sex of seized individuals using morphological and molecular methods as well as discriminant analysis. AsR. vigilfemales can spend up to 6 months of the year sealed into tree cavity nests, they are reliant on males for food. The unique breeding ecology of this elusive species means that males are more likely to be observed than females throughout the year. These behavioural differences mean that there are several potential outcomes which may be observed in the sex ratio of the seized casques, depending on hunting strategies. Our results suggest that sex identification is possible via visual inspection of the gular skin colour and beak‐tip markings, but when these are not available, genetic methods or morphological measurements can be used. Our findings also indicated a primarily male‐biased sex ratio across the seizures; however, females, as well as juveniles, were also present in seizures. Although removing one sex from the wild can cause shifts in demographic dynamics over time, illegal and unsustainable hunting of any measure of a critically endangered species will ultimately heighten its risk of extinction. These methods and results are useful to conservationists and researchers interested in further study of hornbill populations and their viability and are ultimately important for the conservation and management of this critically endangered species.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound use in emergencies: what every anaesthetist should know
Authors: Haskings E. M. , Eissa M. , Allard R. V. , MirGhassemi A. , McFaul C. M. , Miller E. C. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryPoint‐of‐care ultrasound has been embraced by anaesthetists as an invaluable tool for rapid diagnosis of haemodynamic instability, to ensure procedural safety and monitor response to treatments. Increasingly available, affordable and portable, with emerging evidence of improved patient outcomes, point‐of‐care ultrasound has become a valuable tool in the emergency setting. This state‐of‐the‐art review describes the feasibility of point‐of‐care ultrasound practice, training and maintenance of competence. It also describes the many uses of point‐of‐care ultrasound for the anaesthetist and describes the most salient point‐of‐care ultrasound views for anaesthetic emergencies including: undifferentiated shock; hypoxemia; and trauma. Procedural safety is also discussed in addition to relevant important governance aspects. Cardiac function should be assessed using the parasternal long axis, parasternal short basal/mid‐papillary/apical, apical four chamber and subcostal four chamber views, and should include a visual estimation of global left ventricular ejection fraction. Other cardiovascular conditions that can be identified using point‐of‐care ultrasound include: pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade; and pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary emergency conditions that can be diagnosed using point‐of‐care ultrasound include pneumothorax; pleural effusion; and interstitial syndrome. The extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination may of value in patients who are hypotensive in order to identify intra‐abdominal haemorrhage, pneumothoraces and haemothoraces.
ICT diffusion in public administrations and business dynamics: Evidence from Italian municipalities
Authors: Matteucci Nicola , Santolini Raffaella , Di Fabio Silvio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPublic administrations have been adopting information and communication technologies (ICT) to transform their internal organization and provide better public services to citizens and firms. However, the external benefits, despite being deemed relevant, have been empirically overlooked. We first explore the relation between ICT diffusion in public administrations and business demography at the municipal level by studying the Italian context. Our results show that ICT diffusion in the PA contributes to significantly reducing the death rate of firms and boosting their turnover rate. The adoption of ICT in the PA also exerts a positive impact on the firm birth rate, although it is not statistically significant. These results shed light on the importance of promoting e‐government and framing coherent digital agendas as public instruments for supporting entrepreneurship and regional economic development.
Overlooked and under‐evidenced: Community health and long‐term care service needs, utilization, and costs incurred by people with severe obesity
Authors: Williamson Kath , Blane David N. , Grieve Eleanor , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryNumbers of people with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2), with need for community health and long‐term care (LTC) services, are increasing, but documentation is lacking. We identified individuals with severe obesity known to community health and care professionals in a representative United Kingdom region and used an investigator‐administered questionnaire to record needs and use of community health and LTC services. Data were verified against health and LTC records. Local and published sources informed detailed micro‐costing. Twenty‐five individuals (15 women) consented, aged 40–87 (mean = 62) years, BMI 40–77 (mean = 55) kg/m2: 20 participants (80%) were housebound. Twenty‐two different cross‐sector community health and LTC services were used, including community equipment service (n = 23), district nursing (n = 20), occupational therapy (n = 14), and LTC (n = 12). Twenty‐four (96%) participants used three or more services, with longest care episode lasting over 14 years. Total annual service costs incurred by participants varied from £2053 to £82 792; mean £26 594 (lower estimate £80 064; mean £22 462/upper estimate £88 870; mean £30 726), with greatest costs being for LTC. Individual costs for equipment (currently provided) and home adaptations (ever provided) ranged widely, from zero to £35 946. Total mean annual costs increased by ascending BMI category, up to BMI 70 kg/m2. This study provides a framework with which to inform service provision and economic analysis of weight management interventions. People with severe obesity may need sustained care from multiple community care services.
Training and cultivating the translational science workforce: Responses of Clinical and Translational Science Awards program hubs to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bredella Miriam A. , Volkov Boris B. , Doyle Jamie M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has dramatically changed our lives and the delivery of healthcare. The pandemic also led to widespread disruption in the research activities and training of pre‐doctoral, post‐doctoral, and early career faculty researchers. This mini‐review uses the Local Adaptive Capacity Framework to describe successful practices, challenges, and lessons learned on how Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs have used their expertise, resources, and collaborations to advance clinical and translational science research and workforce development while facing and adapting to a pandemic. Data for this mini‐review were taken from the scientific literature (23 articles) and the Research Performance Progress Reports of 50 unique CTSA hubs (40 TL1 and 50 KL2 awards). Institutions responded in innovative ways to the disruption of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Electronic and virtual platforms were used to overcome challenges related to physical distancing, laboratory closures, and travel bans. The importance of mentorship and well‐being led to the creation of new virtual programs to expand mentoring and networking beyond the home institution and to promote well‐being and resilience. These solutions to translational workforce development can be implemented to address future public health emergencies.
Foreign Divestment – Crisis or Chance for China's Innovation Edge?
Authors: Fang Guopei , Görg Holger , Hanley Aoife , Mao Haiou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe recent move towards decoupling from China, prompted by the 2018 trade conflict, has implications for the innovativeness of Chinese firms. Using patent data from the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office, together with comprehensive firm‐level data, and applying an inverse propensity score reweighting methodology to deal with selection bias, we estimated changes in the patenting activity of firms following ownership transition to Chinese owners, linking these changes to the differential taxation incentives offered to foreign investors. Far from crippling innovation, divestment has sparked an increase in patent applications – including higher end invention patents – and other innovation measures. Together with robustness checks, our estimations suggest a real improvement in innovation rather than just a window‐dressing exercise. We suggest that one possible explanation may be an effort by the new Chinese owners to reduce their tax burden. Our supplementary findings on tax payments and subsidy receipts following divestment appear in line with this interpretation.
Could premature ventricular contractions lead to atrial remodeling?
Authors: Keles Nursen , Kahraman Erkan , Parsova Kemal Emrecan , Bastopcu Murat , Karatas Mesut , Yelgec Nizamettin Selcuk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a frequent kind of arrhythmia that affects around 1% of the general population. While PVC most frequently impairs ventricular function in structurally normal heart, retrograde ventriculo‐atrial conduction can occur in people with PVC. These retrograde atrial activations may mimic pulmonary vein‐derived atrial ectopies. As a result, PVC may raise the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) by retrograde ventriculo‐atrial conduction. The Four‐Dimensional Automated Left Atrial Quantification (4D Auto LAQ) tool is a left atrial analytical approach that utilizes three‐dimensional volume data to quantify the volume, as well as LA longitudinal and circumferential strains. The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical diagnosis of PVC is connected with abnormal LA function as determined by LA strain evaluation utilizing a 4D Auto LAQ compared to the healthy population.MethodsThe 58 patients with frequent PVCs and 53 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in the study. Imaging was performed using the GE Vivid E95 echocardiography equipment (GE Healthcare; Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway) equipped with an M5S probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.6 MHz) and a 4V probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.0 MHz). Images were imported into and were selected for analysis using the EchoPAC203 software (GE Healthcare). The analysis mode was selected, followed by the volume and 4D Auto LAQ submodes. Following that, the sample point was positioned in the center of the mitral orifice in each of the three planes. The review function was used to acquire the LA parameters measured by 4D Auto LAQ, including volume and strain parameters.ResultsThe maximum left atrial volume (LAVmax) and minimal left atrial volume (LAVmin) were significantly higher in the patient group (38.91 ± 9.72 vs. 46.31 ± 10.22, 17.75 ± 4.52 vs. 23.10 ± 7.13, respectively, all p values <.001). On the other hand left atrial reservoir longitudinal strain (LASr), conduit longitudinal strain (LAScd), contraction longitudinal strain (LASct), reservoir circumferential strain (LASr‐c), conduit circumferential strain (LAScd‐c), and contraction circumferential strain (LASct‐c) were significantly lower in patient group (26.64 ± 5.64 vs.19.16 ± 4.58, ‐19.53 ± 3.72 vs. ‐11.28 ± 3.47, ‐10.34 ± 1.56 vs. ‐4.59 ± 1.49, 30.72 ± 4.04 vs. 19.31 ± 2.60, ‐19.91 ± 1.78 vs. ‐13.38 ± 2.85, ‐15.89 ± 6.37 vs. ‐9.24 ± 1.63, respectively, all p values <.001).ConclusionsThe present study found that premature ventricular complexes can lead to atrial remodeling as well as ventricular remodeling in patients with PVC and 4D LAQ technology can quantitatively examine left atrial function and determine these alterations early.
Behavioural thermoregulation in cold‐water freshwater fish: Innate resilience to climate warming?
Authors: Amat‐Trigo Fatima , Andreou Demetra , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBehavioural thermoregulation enables ectotherms to access habitats providing conditions within their temperature optima, especially in periods of extreme thermal conditions, through adjustments to their behaviours that provide a “whole‐body” response to temperature changes. Although freshwater fish have been detected as moving in response to temperature changes to access habitats that provide their thermal optima, there is a lack of integrative studies synthesising the extent to which this is driven by behaviour across different species and spatial scales. A quantitative global synthesis of behavioural thermoregulation in freshwater fish revealed that across 77 studies, behavioural thermoregulatory movements by fish were detected both vertically and horizontally, and from warm to cool waters and, occasionally, the converse. When fish moved from warm to cooler habitats, the extent of the temperature difference between these habitats decreased with increasing latitude, with juvenile and non‐migratory fishes tolerating greater temperature differences than adult and anadromous individuals. With most studies focused on assessing movements of cold‐water salmonids during summer periods, there remains an outstanding need for work on climatically vulnerable, non‐salmonid fishes to understand how these innate thermoregulatory behaviours could facilitate population persistence in warming conditions.
Substrate availability and not thermal acclimation controls microbial temperature sensitivity response to long‐term warming
Authors: Domeignoz‐Horta Luiz A. , Pold Grace , Erb Hailey , Sebag David , Verrecchia Eric , Northen Trent , Louie Katherine , Eloe‐Fadrosh Emiley , Pennacchio Christa , Knorr Melissa A. , Frey Serita D. , Melillo Jerry M. , DeAngelis Kristen M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrobes are responsible for cycling carbon (C) through soils, and predicted changes in soil C stocks under climate change are highly sensitive to shifts in the mechanisms assumed to control the microbial physiological response to warming. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the long‐term warming impact on microbial physiology: microbial thermal acclimation and changes in the quantity and quality of substrates available for microbial metabolism. Yet studies disentangling these two mechanisms are lacking. To resolve the drivers of changes in microbial physiology in response to long‐term warming, we sampled soils from 13‐ and 28‐year‐old soil warming experiments in different seasons. We performed short‐term laboratory incubations across a range of temperatures to measure the relationships between temperature sensitivity of physiology (growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency, and extracellular enzyme activity) and the chemical composition of soil organic matter. We observed apparent thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, but only in summer, when warming had exacerbated the seasonally‐induced, already small dissolved organic matter pools. Irrespective of warming, greater quantity and quality of soil carbon increased the extracellular enzymatic pool and its temperature sensitivity. We propose that fresh litter input into the system seasonally cancels apparent thermal acclimation of C‐cycling processes to decadal warming. Our findings reveal that long‐term warming has indirectly affected microbial physiology via reduced C availability in this system, implying that earth system models including these negative feedbacks may be best suited to describe long‐term warming effects on these soils.
Old keys do not open new doors: Twenty years of restorative justice in Northern Ireland prisons: An insight into making it happen
Authors: Eagleson David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article outlines how restorative practices (RPs) were introduced into prisons in Northern Ireland (NI) over a period of 20 years. It explains the context of how this change was introduced, using real life case examples underpinned by an approach based on praxis (Freire, 1985; Schön, 1983). Through the synthesis of relevant theory and practice experience it identifies the barriers to bringing about effective and meaningful change to practice and ways of overcoming these at the micro, meso and macro level (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The RIPPLE model is introduced as a means of successfully implementing and sustaining innovative and creative practice within a complex and potentially hostile environment. It is the success story of an accomplishment that has never been achieved before in any prison service.
Thermal expansion and Young's modulus evolution of fused silica and crystalline silica‐containing materials
Authors: Yin Yucheng , Jin Shengli , Zhu Qingyou , Dai Yajie , Li Yiwei , Xia Zhongfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFused silica bricks (FSBs) with exceptional thermal shock resistance are frequently used to repair localized damage in coke ovens and are hold promising candidates for the efficient construction of new coke ovens. To maximize their utilization, the effects of thermal history on the thermal expansion and Young's modulus evolution of FSBs were investigated in comparison to crystalline silica bricks (CSBs). Due to the gradual phase transformation of fused silica into cristobalite, the thermal expansion of FSBs are sensitive to the thermal cycle; both silica materials exhibit an increase in thermal expansion after five cycles at 1200°C, whereas the thermal expansion of CSBs is five times greater than that of FSBs. When the testing temperature is less than 1000°C, Young's modulus of CSBs is more sensitive to the thermal history, which is caused by phase transformation‐induced microcracks. This sensitivity reduces when the testing temperature is 1200°C, as microcracks healed by liquid phase as well as the softening of residual glass phase. By contrast, when the testing temperature is 1200°C, Young's modulus of fused silica specimens is sensitive to the thermal history owing to the microcracks caused by the gradual phase transformation of fused silica to cristobalite.
Firing properties and corrosion resistance of mullite‐Al2TiO5 saggar materials
Authors: Xiang Kun , Li Shujing , Li Yuanbing , Wang Hailu , Xiang Ruofei , He Xiaohong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional refractory materials used for calcining ternary lithium‐ion battery cathode materials, such as mullite, cordierite, and magnesia‐alumina spinel, are vulnerable to attack by Li(NixCoyMn1−x−y)O2 (LNCM) materials and therefore have a short service life. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of refractory materials to LNCM materials, mullite‐Al2TiO5 materials with different contents were synthesized in this paper by using calcined mullite powder, TiO2 powder, and La2O3 powder as raw materials, which were calcined at 1500–1600°C temperature, respectively. In this study, the potential of the materials for the preparation of LNCM materials was investigated in terms of its physical properties, resistance to the corrosion of LNCM materials, and resistance to thermal shock. The results showed that mullite‐Al2TiO5 composites can be successfully synthesized at 1500–1600°C, and the physical properties of the materials met the production requirements. The prepared mullite‐Al2TiO5 composites also exhibited better physical properties, good corrosion resistance, and proper thermal shock resistance compared with mullite refractories.
Enhanced passive safety surveillance of high‐dose and standard‐dose quadrivalent inactivated split‐virion influenza vaccines in Germany and Finland during the influenza season 2021/22
Authors: Gandhi‐Banga Sonja , Wague Sophie , Shrestha Anju , Syrkina Olga , Talanova Oxana , Nissilä Markku , Stuff Karl , Monfredo Céline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced passive safety surveillance (EPSS) was conducted for quadrivalent inactivated split‐virion influenza vaccines (IIV4) in Germany (high dose [HD], aged ≥60 years) and in Finland (standard dose [SD], aged ≥6 months) at the beginning of the northern hemisphere 2021/22 influenza season. The primary objective was to assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring ≤7 days post‐vaccination.MethodsVaccinees were issued vaccination cards (VC) and were encouraged to report ADRs via an electronic data collection system or by telephone. ADRs were assessed by frequency, time to onset, intensity and by age group. The vaccinee reporting rate (RR) was calculated as the number of vaccinees reporting ≥1 ADR divided by total vaccinees. Reactogenicity was compared with previous experiences with each vaccine.ResultsAmong 903 HD‐IIV4 vaccinees in Germany, 17 reported ≥1 ADR within ≤7 days post‐vaccination: RR, 1.88% (95% CI: 1.10, 3.00). Time to onset was known for 53/65 ADRs, all of which occurred ≤7 days post‐vaccination. In Germany, seven ADRs were reported that were not listed previously. Among the 1000 SD‐IIV4 vaccinees in Finland, 49 reported ≥1 ADR within ≤7 days post‐vaccination: RR, 4.90% (95% CI: 3.65, 6.43). Time to onset was known for 126/134 ADRs, of which 125 occurred ≤7 days post‐vaccination. In Finland, 21 ADRs were reported that were not listed previously. No ADRs reported during follow‐up were serious.ConclusionsThe EPSS for HD‐IIV4 and for SD‐IIV4 in the 2021/22 influenza season did not suggest any clinically relevant changes in safety beyond what is known/expected for IIV4s.