bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dutch spirits, East Indians, and Hindu deities in Guyana: Contests over land
Authors: Mello Marcelo Moura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn modern‐day Guyana (formerly British Guiana) residents of the coastal region of the country are susceptible to other‐than‐human powers: the spirits of Dutch colonizers, who claim ownership over the land, especially in areas where sugar plantations once operated. Regarded as the “masters of the land,” or “boundary masters,” Dutch spirits demand offerings and the recognition of land rights from their human co‐habitants. Through a description of rituals towards the land performed by members of a heterodox Hindu sect, the worship of the goddess Kali, this article addresses territorial sovereignty through the lens of lived and embodied practices of co‐habitation between East Indians and Dutch spirits, giving special attention to the processes of establishing proprietary rights over the land through such acts as planting trees.
miR‐3184‐3p enriched in cerebrospinal fluid exosomes contributes to progression of glioma and promotes M2‐like macrophage polarization
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Ming , Pan Ziwen , Zhang Zongpu , Gao Zijie , Zhao Rongrong , Li Boyan , Qi Yanhua , Qiu Wei , Guo Qindong , Zhang Shouji , Fan Yang , Zhao Shulin , Wang Shaobo , Guo Xing , Deng Lin , Xue Hao , Li Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiquid biopsy is a novel strategy for tumour diagnosis. The contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes could reflect glioma status, hence sampling exosomes from CSF is a means of liquid biopsy for glioma. However, few studies have focused on the function of microRNAs in CSF exosomes. In this study, we found that miR‐3184‐3p was enriched in CSF exosomes in glioma patients and was downregulated after tumour resection. We found that miR‐3184 facilitates glioma progression in two ways. On the one hand, miR‐3184 directly promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis in glioma. On the other hand, miR‐3184 in glioma‐derived exosomes polarizes macrophages to an M2‐like phenotype, which further aggravates tumour progression. Overall, the current findings uncovered a new mechanism and highlighted the significant role of miR‐3184 in glioma progression. Furthermore, exosomal miR‐3184 could be a considerable factor with potential applications in glioma diagnosis and treatment in the future.
The Evolution of Chunks in Sequence Learning
Authors: Tosatto Laure , Fagot Joël , Nemeth Dezso , Rey Arnaud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChunking mechanisms are central to several cognitive processes and notably to the acquisition of visuo‐motor sequences. Individuals segment sequences into chunks of items to perform visuo‐motor tasks more fluidly, rapidly, and accurately. However, the exact dynamics of chunking processes in the case of extended practice remain unclear. Using an operant conditioning device, 18 Guinea baboons (Papio papio) produced a fixed sequence of nine movements during 1000 trials by pointing to a moving target on a touch screen. Response times analyses revealed a specific chunking pattern of the sequence for each baboon. More importantly, we found that these patterns evolved during the course of the experiment, with chunks becoming progressively fewer and longer. We identified two chunk reorganization mechanisms: the recombination of preexisting chunks and the concatenation of two distinct chunks into a single one. These results provide new evidence on chunking mechanisms in sequence learning and challenge current models of associative and statistical learning.
Face‐Processing Differences Present in Grapheme‐Color Synesthetes
Authors: Mannix Thea , Sørensen Thomas Alrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrapheme‐color synesthesia is a heterogeneous neurological phenomenon whereby the experience of a grapheme automatically and involuntarily elicits an experience of color. While the majority of synesthesia research has focused on inducer‐specific influences of synesthetic associations, more recent efforts have examined potential broader differences. Based on spontaneous reports from synesthetes detailing problems with face recognition, in conjunction with the geographical proximity of neurological regions relevant to both synesthesia and face processing, we sought to examine whether synesthetes demonstrated atypical face‐processing abilities.A total of 16 grapheme‐color synesthetes and 16 age‐and‐gender matched controls (±3 years) completed the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT; Duchaine & Nakayama, 2006) of face memory, the Vanderbilt Holistic Face Processing Task (VHPT‐F; Richler, Floyd, & Gauthier, 2014) of holistic face processing, as well as a standardized self‐report questionnaire the Faces and Emotions Questionnaire (Freeman, Palermo, & Brock, 2015). The results revealed significantly poorer performance in synesthete's ability to recognize faces in the CFMT that was driven by a reduction in upright advantage. Results also revealed a significant reduction in overall accuracy on the VHPT‐F for synesthetes, who despite this displayed a comparable holistic processing advantage compared to matched controls. Finally, synesthetes also rated themselves as significantly worse at face recognition. We suggest that this pattern may reflect differences in the development of individualized perceptual strategies.
Machine learning‐based phenotypic screening for postmitotic growth inducers uncover vitamin D3 metabolites as small molecule ribosome agonists
Authors: Jiang Zongmin , Zhang Liping , Yao Ziyue , Cao Wenhua , Ma Shilin , Chen Yu , Guang Lu , Zheng Zipeng , Li Chunwei , Yu Kang , Shyh‐Chang Ng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo restore tissue growth without increasing the risk for cancer during aging, there is a need to identify small molecule drugs that can increase cell growth without increasing cell proliferation. While there have been numerous high‐throughput drug screens for cell proliferation, there have been few screens for post‐mitotic anabolic growth.Materials and MethodsA machine learning (ML)‐based phenotypic screening strategy was used to discover metabolites that boost muscle growth. Western blot, qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate myotube hypertrophy/maturation or protein synthesis. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based thermal proteome profiling‐temperature range (TPP‐TR) technology was used to identify the protein targets that bind the metabolites. Ribo‐MEGA size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis was used to verify whether the ribosome proteins bound to calcitriol.ResultsWe discovered both the inactive cholecalciferol and the bioactive calcitriol are amongst the top hits that boost post‐mitotic growth. A large number of ribosomal proteins' melting curves were affected by calcitriol treatment, suggesting that calcitriol binds to the ribosome complex directly. Purified ribosomes directly bound to pure calcitriol. Moreover, we found that calcitriol could increase myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein translation and overall nascent protein synthesis in a cycloheximide‐sensitive manner, indicating that calcitriol can directly bind and enhance ribosomal activity to boost muscle growth.ConclusionThrough the combined strategy of ML‐based phenotypic screening and MS‐based omics, we have fortuitously discovered a new class of metabolite small molecules that can directly activate ribosomes to promote post‐mitotic growth.
Dental students' knowledge of and attitudes towards prescribing medication in Western Australia
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Daniel Ben K. , Wong Pauline Y. , Abbott Paul V. , Ngo Hien C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDentists can prescribe medications for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. In Australia, dental graduates can autonomously practise within the scope of their qualifications without needing to undertake an internship post‐graduation. Although previous research has identified knowledge gaps amongst dental students in Australia on pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutic knowledge, there has been no published research that qualitatively highlights dental students' knowledge of medication prescribing in Australia. This study aimed to undertake a qualitative analysis of Western Australian dental students' attitudes towards and knowledge of medication prescribing.MethodsThis qualitative case study design employed semi‐structured interviews as means of collecting data. It utilised a purposive sampling in penultimate and final year dental students at the University of Western Australia.ResultsTwenty dental students participated in the study. Five key themes were identified in the data: current and previous education, application when delivering pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics, teaching to ensure patient‐centred care, supervision and referral to relevant resources. Participants agreed that having previous knowledge in the area provides students with confidence regarding medication prescribing. Furthermore, students in this study valued having guidance when prescribing medications.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of medication prescribing for dental students. It also highlights their experience with the current pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics curriculum. All students interviewed valued application‐based teaching, making it specific to dentistry. If curriculum were to be redeveloped, considering their perceptions may be a valuable tool.
Climatic and biogeographical drivers of functional diversity in the flora of the Canary Islands
Authors: Hanz Dagmar M. , Cutts Vanessa , Barajas‐Barbosa Martha Paola , Algar Adam C. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Fernández‐Palacios José‐María , Field Richard , Kreft Holger , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Weigelt Patrick , Irl Severin D. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimFunctional traits can help us to elucidate biogeographical and ecological processes driving assemblage structure. We analysed the functional diversity of plant species of different evolutionary origins across an island archipelago, along environmental gradients and across geological age, to assess functional aspects of island biogeographical theory.LocationCanary Islands, Spain.Major taxa studiedSpermatophytes.Time periodPresent day.MethodsWe collected data for four traits (plant height, leaf length, flower length and fruit length) associated with resource acquisition, competitive ability, reproduction and dispersal ability of 893 endemic, non‐endemic native and alien plant species (c. 43% of the Canary Island flora) from the literature. Linking these traits to species occurrences and composition across a 500 m × 500 m grid, we calculated functional diversity for endemic, non‐endemic native and alien assemblages using multidimensional functional hypervolumes and related the resulting patterns to climatic (humidity) and island biogeographical (geographical isolation, topographic complexity and geological age) gradients.ResultsTrait space of endemic and non‐endemic native species overlapped considerably, and alien species added novel trait combinations, expanding the overall functional space of the Canary Islands. We found that functional diversity of endemic plant assemblages was highest in geographically isolated and humid grid cells. Functional diversity of non‐endemic native assemblages was highest in less isolated and humid grid cells. In contrast, functional diversity of alien assemblages was highest in arid ecosystems. Topographic complexity and geological age had only a subordinate effect on functional diversity across floristic groups.Main conclusionsWe found that endemic and non‐endemic native island species possess similar traits, whereas alien species tend to expand functional space in ecosystems where they have been introduced. The spatial distribution of the functional diversity of floristic groups is very distinct across environmental gradients, indicating that species assemblages of different evolutionary origins thrive functionally in dissimilar habitats.
Understanding the spatial polarization pattern of technology transfer network in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area
Authors: Cai Hechang , Feng Zhijun , Zhou Wen , Chen Jinghan , Chen Zinan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTechnology transfer is a conscious knowledge transfer and diffusion, which can promote the coordinated configuration and balanced development of technological innovation elements in geographical space. From the perspective of “space of flow”, the technology transfer network is constructed. Utilizing patent technology transaction data from 2018, this study analyzes the agglomeration differentiation and spatial polarization patterns of technology transfer from network nodes, network layers, and network partition in Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The agglomeration of technology transfer is remarkable in the network, showing “two poles and two strong” as well as proximity advantages; Shenzhen and Guangzhou have become spatial poles within the network. (2) The Matthew effect is prominent and technology transfer at the spatial level is largely caused by core node interactions, while core‐edge hierarchical transmission mechanisms and geographical proximity contact characteristics are gradually developing. (3) Differences in roles between the plates are pronounced, and there is an agglomeration effect within a plate and between plates, as well as clear spillover effects.
Age of eradication and failure rates of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy forHelicobacter pylori: A 15‐year population‐based study
Authors: Jiang Fang , Guo Chuan‐Guo , Cheung Ka Shing , Li Bofei , Law Simon Y. K. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailure rates of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy forH. pyloriare rising. To determine the trend of failure rates of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy in different age groups in Hong Kong over the past 15 years.Materials and MethodsThis is a population‐based retrospective age‐period‐cohort study involving all adultH. pylori‐infected patients who had received the first course of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy in 2003–2017. Failed eradication was identified by the need of retreatment within 2 years of eradication. Logistic regression model was used to characterize the risk of retreatment.Results113,526H. pylori‐infected patients were included. The overall failure rate increased from 4.83% in 2003 to 10.2% in 2016 (pfor linear trend <0.001). When stratified by age of eradication, patients 75 years or above had the lowest retreatment rate of 5.11%, which progressively increased in younger patients (60–74 years: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38; 45–59 years: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.24–1.48; 18–44 years: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.41–1.69). The results remained consistent when stratified by year of birth, and period of eradication. Other risk factors for retreatment included female (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18–1.30), triple therapy containing metronidazole (OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.12–2.50), and shorter duration of therapy (10 days: OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.97; 14 days: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58–0.77 vs 7 days).ConclusionsWhile failure rates of clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy progressively increased over the past 15 years, the failure rate was particularly high among younger patients, which could undermine the potential benefits of earlyH. pylorieradication.
Forest hoverfly community collapse: Abundance and species richness drop over four decades
Authors: Barendregt Aat , Zeegers Theo , van Steenis Wouter , Jongejans Eelke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To study insect decline, an important threat to biodiversity, long‐term datasets are needed. Here we present a study of hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) abundance and diversity in a Dutch forest, surrounded by other forests, and analyse the variation in insect numbers over four decades.
Between 1982 and 2021, abundance decreased by 80%. Until 1990, abundance showed a strong decrease of 10.9% per year, mainly in nationally rare species with carnivorous larvae exposed to air. From 1990, abundance stabilised, whereas from 2000, a second period of strong decline of 9.0% per year occurred, mainly in very common species.
Species richness also declined strongly between 1979 and 2021: the total number of species observed in five monitoring days dropped by 44% over those 43 years. The characteristic set of dry‐forest hoverfly species disappeared over four decades.
The number of nationally rare species observed at the study site declined from 19 to 9 early on, in a period (1979–1984) that coincided with intense nitrogen input and acidification caused by agriculture in the same region. The more recent decline is likely also caused by factors from outside the forest, as forest management and conditions remained constant.
Continued influx of nutrients and pesticides at a regional level, as well as climate change are possible causes of the decline. Research is needed to quantify their relative effects.
Impact of nerve sparing in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy on the risk of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence
Authors: Komori Hiroki , Blas Leandro , Shiota Masaki , Takamatsu Dai , Matsumoto Takashi , Lee Ken , Monji Keisuke , Kashiwagi Eiji , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesNerve sparing may increase positive surgical margin rate during radical prostatectomy. Our objective was to analyze the positive surgical margin rate and location as well as its impact on biochemical recurrence according to nerve sparing procedure in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe included 814 patients treated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy between 2009 and 2021, and evaluated the impact of nerve sparing on positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence using logistic regression and Cox models.ResultsUnilateral nerve sparing and bilateral nerve sparing were performed in 152 (18.6%) cases and 118 (14.5%) cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis, in addition to nerve sparing, bilateral nerve sparing, but not unilateral nerve sparing was associated with an increased risk of positive surgical margin compared with non‐nerve sparing. Positive surgical margin at any location increased the risk of biochemical recurrence. During unilateral nerve sparing, positive surgical margin in nerve sparing side, but not in non‐nerve sparing side was associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsTaken together, surgeons need to notice an increased risk of biochemical recurrence associated with positive surgical margin when performing nerve sparing in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, and then need to choose the patients suitable for nerve sparing.
Factors associated with retention intention of Registered Nurses in Korean nursing homes
Authors: Min Deulle , Cho Eunhee , Kim Gwang Suk , Lee Kyung Hee , Yoon Ju Young , Kim Hyun Joo , Choi Moon Hee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo identify the factors associated with retention intention among Registered Nurses in South Korean nursing homes.BackgroundAlthough nurses are not mandatory personnel, Korean nursing homes employ Registered Nurses.IntroductionDetermining the factors related to Registered Nurses’ retention intention is important for their job stability and ensure provision of quality care.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study employed a sequential explanatory design. A self‐reported questionnaire survey was conducted between May 1 and July 3, 2019, with 155 Registered Nurses providing direct care from 37 nursing homes. In‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 participants from August 1 to September 30, 2019. Data were analyzed using multilevel analysis for quantitative study and thematic analysis for qualitative study.ResultsThe participants’ average age was 48.48 years. Personal factors related to retention intention were Registered Nurses’ role, educational level, and job satisfaction. Institutional factors were ownership, number of beds, and working environment. The qualitative study revealed five themes: “Satisfaction with meaningful relationships,” “Potential for professional growth,” “Nursing service accompanied by emotional labor,” “Poor working environments in nursing homes,” and “Unprotected nursing expertise.”DiscussionA nursing home's work environment is related to the Registered Nurses’ retention intention. Most Registered Nurses in Korea received low wages, lacked access to career management programs, and experienced emotional labor.ConclusionThis study highlighted the personal and institutional factors related to retention intention among Registered Nurses in South Korean nursing homes.Implications for nursing and nursing policyA law that designates Registered Nurses as an essential nursing home workforce is required. Further, nursing homes should increase the number of Registered Nurses to improve working conditions and thereby job satisfaction. It is also necessary to foster a working environment that facilitates professional development opportunities and job clarity.
First‐principles analysis of proton conduction mechanism in perovskite‐structured sodium tantalate
Authors: Chen Ximu , Toyoura Kazuaki , Hatada Naoyuki , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the aim to elucidate the proton conduction mechanism in sodium tantalite with an orthorhombic perovskite structure, o‐NaTaO3, proton sites and elementary processes of proton jumps in the crystal were explored using first‐principles calculations. In this crystal, interoctahedral hopping plays a key role in the proton conduction, contrast to cubic perovskites where protons migrate over a long range only by rotation and intraoctahedral hopping. The interoctahedral hopping results from the tilting structure of TaO6 octahedra units, which accelerates the relatively fast proton migration along b‐ and c‐axes compared to that along a‐axis. This suggests that the low symmetry of the crystal structure can be beneficial to proton conduction in some cases, although the low symmetry is generally considered to make the potential barrier of long‐range proton migration higher. Considering the trapping effect of Ti dopants as the change in the concentration of mobile protons, the calculated proton conductivity is in excellent agreement with the experimental one.
Modeling of ion exchange in glass considering large viscoelastic deformation and mechano–electrochemical coupling
Authors: Lin Chen , Wang Jianbiao , Hung Karl , Wong Evans Yi Chun , Ruan Haihui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work proposes a theoretical description of ion exchange in glass involving mechano–electrochemical coupling, distinct from the previous models. The generalized Maxwell viscoelastic constitutive relation and large‐deformation formulae are employed, which is indispensable for thin glass panels widely used in consumer electronics. With the theory, two‐dimensional numerical simulations based on axisymmetric and plan‐strain models are conducted. The numerical results signify lateral deformation in a double‐side ion‐exchanged glass and bending caused by single‐side or electric‐field‐assisted ion exchange. With the decrease in glass thickness, the increase in time, or applied electric potential, these deformations become more significant, leading to the relief of in‐plane stresses in the ion‐exchanged layer and the increase in stresses in other parts. This could lead to a remarkable decrease in fracture strength or cracking of an ultrathin glass panel. As the stress and diffusion are coupled, the decrease in stress in the ion‐exchanged layer leads to the increase in the depth of layer of invading ions. These numerical results clearly show the necessity to incorporate the mechano–electrochemical coupling and large deformation in modeling ion exchange, which is uninvolved in previous theoretical models. Moreover, the proposed theoretical model is directly extendable to three‐dimensional scenarios, such as curved or foldable ultrathin glass panels.