bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic identification and functional analysis of long noncoding RNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Shi Li , Li Wen‐Lin , Zeng Hai‐Xin , Shi Yao , Liao Xiao‐Lan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long. They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species, including insects, and some lncRNAs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance. However, the characteristics and biological functions of lncRNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance are unknown in Spodoptera litura. We performed RNA sequencing in the SS, InRS, and FInRS of S. litura and identified 11 978 lncRNAs, including 3 136 intergenic lncRNAs, 7 393 intronic lncRNAs, and 1 449 anti‐sense lncRNAs. Compared with the SS, 51 lncRNAs were upregulated and 134 lncRNAs were downregulated in the two resistant strains, and 908 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as the target genes of the 185 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Further analysis showed that 112 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may be associated with indoxacarb resistance by regulating the expression of 14 P450s, seven CCEs, one GST, six UGTs, five ABC transporters, and 24 cuticle protein genes, and 79 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate the expression of 14 detoxification genes and 19 cuticle protein genes to participate in indoxacarb resistance by sponging 10 microRNAs. Interestingly, 47 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may mediate indoxacarb resistance through both lncRNA–mRNA and lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory pathways. Furthermore, quantitative PCR, RNA interference, and indoxacarb bioassay analyses indicated that overexpressed LNC_004867 and LNC_006576 were involved in indoxacarb resistance. This study provides comprehensive information for lncRNAs of S. litura, and presents evidence that lncRNAs have key roles in conferring insecticide resistance in S. litura.
Abnormal behavior of chilling injury in postharvest papaya fruit is associated with sugar metabolism
Authors: Zhu Yi , Huang Qun , Pan Yonggui , Zhang Zhengke , Yuan Rong , Nie Yudong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the most chilling‐sensitive fruits and vegetables, usually, the lower the storage temperature, the more serious the symptoms of chilling injury (CI). As one of the special cases, papaya fruits at 1℃ show slighter CI symptoms than those at higher storage temperature. Such abnormal CI phenomenon has not received enough attention and its mechanism is not clear. The present study investigated the difference of CI severity and sugar metabolism in papaya fruits when stored between 1℃ and 6℃. The results showed that CI index in papaya fruits preserved at 1°C was markedly lower than that in fruit at 6°C, which was accompanied by higher content of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. In addition, compared to 6°C, 1°C promoted higher activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose‐phosphate synthase, and neutral invertase, but lowered acid invertase activity. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that 1°C upregulated the CpSPS expression and downregulated the CpAI expression when compared to 6°C. The present results indicate that higher chilling tolerance in papaya fruit at 1°C could be attributed to more accumulation of sucrose and reducing sugars in relation to more advantageous sugar metabolism. These results provided a basis for explaining the abnormal behavior of papaya fruits in response to varying low temperatures.Practical ApplicationFor most chilling‐sensitive fruits and vegetables, in the range of temperatures that induce chilling injury (CI), the lower storage temperature may lead to more severe CI. However, as one of the special cases, papaya fruits at 1℃ show slighter CI symptoms than those at higher storage temperature. The reason for this abnormal CI symptom in papaya fruits is that 1°C storage can regulated enzyme activities and changes in gene expression related to sugar metabolism, which could result in more accumulation of sucrose and slower degradation of hexose and contribute to alleviation of CI. Our results provided a basis for explaining the abnormal behavior of papaya fruit in response to varying low temperatures.
Changes in content of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of riceberry after food processing and degradation kinetics during storage
Authors: Wongwisitchai Sirinan , Kijpatanasilp Isaya , Assatarakul Kitipong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of roasting temperature (70, 120, 140°C) and food processing (soaking, steaming, and roasting) on the content of bioactive constituents (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin, and γ‐oryzanol) and antioxidant activity of processed riceberry were investigated. In addition, the degradation kinetics of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity during storage were assessed using zero‐order and first‐order kinetic models. Results showed riceberry roasted at 120°C had the highest total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. In addition, riceberry obtained from roasting exhibited the highest bioactive compound and antioxidant activity. Besides, first‐order kinetic was confirmed as the best‐fitted model to describe degradation of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of processed riceberry during storage. This finding suggested that roasting at 120°C was chosen as an optimum condition to maximize the content of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity and kinetic models provided a better understanding of antioxidant property reduction of processed riceberry during storage.Practical ApplicationRiceberry is an abundant source of bioactive constituents with beneficial health effects leading to a development of functional food product. However, processing may negatively affect biological properties of riceberry and bioactive constituent degradation of processed riceberry during storage has not been previously reported. Therefore, different processes were investigated to determine the effect on bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of riceberry, and the degradation kinetic model of bioactive constituents during storage was also studied. Optimum processing is appropriate to design riceberry containing high concentration of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity, which could be considered as a functional diet for health‐conscious consumer.
Clinical implication of interstitial lung abnormality in elderly patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cho Seong Woo , Jeong Won Gi , Lee Jong Eun , Oh In‐Jae , Song Sang Yun , Park Hye Mi , Lee Hyo‐Jae , Kim Yun‐Hyeon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial lung abnormality (ILA) is closely related to lung cancer. This study aimed to assess whether the presence of ILA is associated with the clinicoradiological features of elderly patients (≥70 years) with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsElderly patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I or II NSCLC with preserved lung function between 2012 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. ILA was evaluated using a three‐point scale. Univariate analyses were performed for clinicoradiological features based on the presence of ILA. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed for cancer staging and tumor size, respectively.ResultsA total of 254 patients were evaluated. The presence of ILA (score = 2) was significantly associated with male sex, current or former smoker status, higher pack‐years of smoking, low forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratios and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and presence of emphysema (≥5%). Tumor characteristics, such as lower lobe and outer one‐third location, squamous cell carcinoma, and higher cancer stage (stage II) were significantly associated with ILA. The presence of ILA independently predicted a higher cancer stage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.96; p = 0.02) and a larger tumor size in linear regression analysis (p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatients with ILA showed clinicoradiological features similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in elderly patients with early‐stage NSCLC. Identifying the clinical implications of ILA in early‐stage lung cancer will guide clinicians in providing appropriate management for these patients.
Contribution of common and rare genetic variants in CEP72 on vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy in brain tumour patients
Authors: Klumpers Marije J. , Brand Annouk C. A. M. , Hakobjan Marina , Gattuso Giovanna , Schiavello Elisabetta , Terenziani Monica , Massimino Maura , Gidding Corrie E. M. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , te Loo D. Maroeska W. M. , Coenen Marieke J. H. 
Published: February 2022

AimsStudies implicated a role for a genetic variant in CEP72 in vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy. This study aims to evaluate this association in a cohort of brain tumour patients, to perform a cross‐disease meta‐analysis and explore the protein‐coding region of CEP72.MethodsIn total, 104 vincristine‐treated brain tumour patients were genotyped for CEP72 rs924607, and sequenced for the protein‐coding region. Data regarding patient and treatment characteristics, and peripheral neuropathy, were collected. Logistic regression and meta‐analysis were performed for rs924607 replication. A weighted burden analysis was applied to evaluate impact of overall genetic variation in CEP72.ResultsAnalysis of 24 cases and 80 controls did not show a significant association between CEP72 rs924607 and neuropathy (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.076 [0.359–11.989], P = .414). When combined with 8 cohorts (1095 cancer patients), a significant increase in risk for neuropathy was found for patients with a TT genotype (OR [95% CI] 2.15 [1.35–3.43], P = .001). Additionally, a missense variant (rs12522955) was significantly associated (OR [95% CI] 2.3 [1.2–4.4], P = .041) and patients with severe neuropathy carried more impactful variants in CEP72 coding regions (P = .039).ConclusionThe association of CEP72 rs924607 in vincristine‐induced neuropathy was not confirmed in a cohort of brain tumour patients, but did contribute to its suggested effect when combined in a cross‐disease meta‐analysis. The importance of other genetic variations in CEP72 on vincristine‐induced neuropathy was demonstrated. This study contributes to evidence of the importance of genetic variants in CEP72 in development of vincristine‐induced toxicity, and provides guidance for future prospective studies.
Nonpharmacological labor pain management methods and risk of cesarean birth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rodrigues Vanessa A. D. S. , Abreu Yahn R. , Santos Camila A. G. , Gatti Alan F. , Murer Gabriella M. , Gontijo Bárbara D. R. , Alves Juliana S. , Cunha Thayna M. , Azevedo Vivian Mara G. O. , Mendonça Tânia M. S. , Paro Helena B. M. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonpharmacological labor pain management methods (NPLPMM) are noninvasive, low‐cost practices that may play a role in reducing the rates of unnecessary cesarean birth. We aimed to evaluate whether the NPLPMM is associated with the mode of birth.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study with clinical records of all women admitted for birth from January 2013 to December 2017. Records of women who had spontaneous labor or received induction or augmentation of labor during hospitalization were eligible for the study. We estimated the risk ratios for cesarean birth in general linear models using the Poisson regression with adjustments for the following variables: age, ethnicity, schooling, parity, gestational age, previous cesarean birth, spontaneous labor before admission, or induction/augmentation of labor.ResultsWithin the total of 3,391 medical records, 40.1% had the use of a nonpharmacological labor pain management method registered. Cesarean rate among the study population was 44.2%. The use of NPLPMM decreased the risk of cesarean birth by 78% (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.19‐0.26). History of a previous cesarean birth (RR = 2.63; 95% CI 2.35‐2.64), the lack of use of NPLPMM (RR = 2.46; 95% CI 2.22‐2.72), and primiparity (RR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.86‐2.34) were the strongest risk factors for cesarean birth in the cohort.DiscussionThe use of NPLPMM may be an effective strategy to reduce unnecessary cesarean birth. Further studies to identify the efficacy of each method may help health professionals to offer more appropriate methods at different stages of labor.
How feedback and feed‐forward mechanisms link determinants of social dominance
Authors: Dehnen Tobit , Arbon Josh J. , Farine Damien R. , Boogert Neeltje J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn many animal societies, individuals differ consistently in their ability to win agonistic interactions, resulting in dominance hierarchies. These differences arise due to a range of factors that can influence individuals’ abilities to win agonistic interactions, spanning from genetically driven traits through to individuals’ recent interaction history. Yet, despite a century of study since Schjelderup‐Ebbe's seminal paper on social dominance, we still lack a general understanding of how these different factors work together to determine individuals’ positions in hierarchies. Here, we first outline five widely studied factors that can influence interaction outcomes: intrinsic attributes, resource value asymmetry, winner–loser effects, dyadic interaction‐outcome history and third‐party support. A review of the evidence shows that a variety of factors are likely important to interaction outcomes, and thereby individuals’ positions in dominance hierarchies, in diverse species. We propose that such factors are unlikely to determine dominance outcomes independently, but rather form part of feedback loops whereby the outcomes of previous agonistic interactions (e.g. access to food) impact factors that might be important in subsequent interactions (e.g. body condition). We provide a conceptual framework that illustrates the multitude potential routes through which such feedbacks can occur, and how the factors that determine the outcomes of dominance interactions are highly intertwined and thus rarely act independently of one another. Further, we generalise our framework to include multi‐generational feed‐forward mechanisms: how interaction outcomes in one generation can influence the factors determining interaction outcomes in the next generation via a range of parental effects. This general framework describes how interaction outcomes and the factors determining them are linked within generations via feedback loops, and between generations via feed‐forward mechanisms. We then highlight methodological approaches that will facilitate the study of feedback loops and dominance dynamics. Lastly, we discuss how our framework could shape future research, including: how feedbacks generate variation in the factors discussed, and how this might be studied experimentally; how the relative importance of different feedback mechanisms varies across timescales; the role of social structure in modulating the effect of feedbacks on hierarchy structure and stability; and the routes of parental influence on the dominance status of offspring. Ultimately, by considering dominance interactions as part of a dynamic feedback system that also feeds forward into subsequent generations, we will understand better the factors that structure dominance hierarchies in animal groups.
(Mis)aligning politicians and admirals: The problems of long‐term procurement in the Canadian Surface Combatant project 1994‐2021
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPopular depictions of the largest single procurement project in Canadian history—the Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) project—characterize it as a bureaucratic failure. What began in 2008 as a $26.2B project has expanded to at least $77.3B, and $2B has already been spent without having produced a single vessel. Unlike other major Canadian aircraft, helicopter, and submarine contracts over the past four decades, however, participants in the CSC have lauded the technical merits of the procurement process. This article argues that successful procurement in this area requires: (a) clear (naval) doctrine supporting why a specific (weapons) platform or system is needed; and (b) government acceptance of that doctrine. When these two imperatives are aligned, procurement should proceed relatively smoothly. However, such smooth procurement is highly unlikely when major systems purchases involve long time periods and shifts in elected governments, policy goals, or (naval) doctrine undermine previous understandings and agreements.
Male genital lichen sclerosus, microincontinence and occlusion: mapping the disease across the prepuce
Authors: Kravvas Georgios , Muneer Asif , Watchorn Richard E. , Castiglione Fabio , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Hadway Paul , Alnajjar Hussain , Lynch Magnus , Bunker Christopher B. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundMale genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) can lead to significant sexual dysfunction and urological morbidity, and is also a risk factor for premalignant disease (penile intraepithelial neoplasia and penile cancer), particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Although the precise aetiopathogenesis of MGLSc remains controversial, accumulated evidence indicates that it is related to chronic, intermittent, occluded exposure to urine.AimTo perform spatial mapping of MGLSc across the human prepuce and assess how this supports the urinary occlusion hypothesis.MethodsPreputial samples were collected from 10 patients with clinically diagnosed MGLSc undergoing circumcision. The samples were then divided into a grid pattern and 10 punch biopsies were obtained from each section to determine the extent and distribution of the disease process across each prepuce.ResultsAll 10 patients reported having urinary microincontinence, and all were histologically confirmed as having MGLSc. The most proximal aspect of the prepuce was found to be universally affected by MGLSc in all patients, whereas the most distal part was overwhelmingly shown to be the least affected area. Of the 63 MGLSc-affected regions, 62 were in direct physical contiguity with one another. The histological extent of the disease was not found to be congruent with either the severity of the symptoms reported by the patients or the clinical examination.ConclusionIn uncircumcised men with urinary microincontinence, after the prepuce has been replaced post micturition, small amounts of urine can pool between the juxtaposed epithelial surfaces. The proximal aspect of the prepuce is subjected to the maximum amount of occlusion and maximal contact with accumulated urine, whereas the distal prepuce is subjected to the least. Our findings suggest that accentuated contact between urine and susceptible penile epithelium due to occlusion can lead to MGLSc. Furthermore, contiguity data suggest that once established, it is possible that MGLSc advances across tissues by physical contact. This is the first study examining the changes in the preputial landscape in patients with LSc and contributes to our understanding of disease aetiology and progression.
Exome sequencing reveals the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying autosomal recessive hypertrichosis
Authors: Raza Rubab , Ullah Asmat , Haider Nighat , Krishin Jai , Shah Muqadar , Khan Fati Ullah , Abdullah  , Hansen Torben , Raza Syed Irfan , Ahmad Wasim , Basit Sulman 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundHereditary hypertrichosis (HH) is characterized by excessive hair growth on various body areas, which is independent of the individual's age. This rare hair disorder has been classified by its origin (genetic or acquired), age of onset, breadth of hair distribution (universal or localized) and the affected body areas. HH is often linked to several additional congenital abnormalities involving teeth, heart and bones. Human HH is associated with heterozygous genomic duplications and deletions in the chromosomal region 17q24.2–q24.3, containing genes such as ABCA5, ABCA6, ABCA10 and MAP2K6. Recently, a homozygous splice-site variant in ABCA5 has been reported to cause autosomal recessive congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT; OMIM 135400).AimTo investigate the clinical and genetic basis of autosomal recessive hypertrichosis in a large consanguineous Pakistani family.MethodsIn the present study, we characterized a family of Pakistani origin segregating CGHT in an autosomal recessive pattern, using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencingResultsWe identified a novel 2-bp intragenic deletion [NM_172232.4(ABCA5);c.977_978delAT] causing a frameshift variant (p.His326ArgfsTer5) in ABCA5.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying CGHT. The findings further validate the involvement of ABCA5 in hair development. The study will facilitate genetic counselling of families carrying CGHT-related features in Pakistani and other populations.
Effect of estradiol on cognition in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Russell Nicholas , Allebone James , Dandash Orwa , Hoermann Rudolf , Cheung Ada S. , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Handelsman David J. , Kanaan Richard A. , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveRoles for estradiol in modulating cognition in men remain uncertain. We assessed the isolated effects of estradiol on cognition in men in the absence of testosterone.DesignRandomized trial of transdermal estradiol 0.9 mg daily, or matched placebo, for 6 months, hypothesizing that estradiol would improve verbal learning, verbal memory, and spatial problem solving over time.PatientsMen receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.MeasurementsCognition was assessed by a tablet‐based cognitive battery (Cogstate) at baseline, Month 1, Month 3, and Month 6. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsSeventy‐eight participants were randomized. Baseline mean scores were 21.0 (standard deviation [SD] 4.1) for the International Shopping List test (ISL), assessing verbal learning and memory (higher scores better), and 60.4 (SD 19.5) for the Groton Maze Learning test (GML), assessing spatial problem solving (lower scores better). There was no significant difference in performance over time for the estradiol group versus the placebo group for the ISL, mean adjusted difference (MAD) 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.2 to 2.5), p = .36, or the GML, MAD −3.2 (95% CI −12.0 to 5.6), p = 0.53. There was no significant difference between groups over time in performance in any other cognitive domain, or on depression or anxiety scores.ConclusionsWe found no major effects of estradiol on cognition in men with castrate testosterone concentrations. Although the cognitive effects of ADT are debated, this study suggests that any such effects are unlikely to be prevented by the administration of estradiol.
Alcohol and tobacco use in Portuguese adolescents: The relationship with social factors, future expectations, physical and psychological symptoms
Authors: Cerqueira Ana , Gaspar Tania , Botelho Guedes Fábio , Godeau Emmanuelle , Gaspar de Matos Margarida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe influence that social factors (relationship with teachers, peers and family support), future expectations, physical and psychological symptoms exert on the adolescents’ tobacco and alcohol consumption is analyzed, and the differences between users and non‐users are analyzed as well. This work is part of the HBSC study. The results show that substance use is associated with more physical and psychological symptoms, worse relationship with teachers and peers, less family support, and lower future expectations. It is important to intervene towards the construction of more positive future expectations and relationships and the promotion of physical and psychological well‐being, as protective factors against substance use.