bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protease in the Diet of Broiler: Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Histomorphometric, Meat Quality Characteristics, Carcass Yield
Authors: Duque-Ramírez Carlos Felipe , Javierre Juan A. , Peñuela-Sierra Lina Maria , Diaz-Vargas Mayra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of protease on broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 1290 Ross AP broilers were used, distributed among five treatments: positive control diet, negative control diet (NC), NC + 50 ppm of protease, NC + 100 ppm of protease, and NC + 200 ppm of protease. Each treatment contained six replicates of 43 animals each. The inclusion of proteases in the diet had effects (P < 0.05) on body weight, feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion in the 12 to 21 day period; body weight, weight gain, and feed intake in the 29 to 42 day period; nutrient digestibility (energy metabolizability coefficient and crude protein at 28 days); and intestinal parameters (crypt and muscle width of jejunum and ileum at 28 days and villus length, crypt length, and jejunum thickness muscle layer at 42 days). These results indicate that the inclusion of protease in broiler feed can improve production parameters when the amount of crude protein in the diet is reduced.
Chemical composition and biological potential of Pinus roxburghii oleoresin essential oils extracted by steam distillation, superheated steam, and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Adnan , Choobkar Nasrin , Hanif Muhammad Asif , Abbas Mazhar , Ain Qurat Ul , Riaz Muhammad , garmakhani Amir Daraee 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pinus roxburghii is a rich source of high-quality oleoresin composed of resin acids and essential oil. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the yield, biological activities and chemical composition of Pinus roxburghii oleoresin essential oil. Steam distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, and superheated steam extraction at different temperatures (120ᵒC, 140ᵒC, and 160ᵒC) were employed to extract essential oil from Pinus roxburghii oleoresin. It was observed that extraction methods significantly affected the yield, biological activity, and chemical composition of essential oils. The maximum yield (19.92%) was found in the essential oil extracted by SHSE at 160ᵒC. Antioxidant activity was determined by total antioxidant content/ FRAP, DPPH-FRSA, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and percentage inhibition in linoleic acid oxidation. The essential oil extracted by SHSE at 160ᵒC showed the highest DPPH-FRSA (63.33%), linoleic acid oxidation inhibition (96.55%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (59.42%), and total antioxidant contents/FRAP (134.49 mg/L of gallic acid equivalent). The antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined by resazurin microtitre-plate, disc diffusion, and micro-dilution broth susceptibility assays. The antimicrobial activity results showed that superheated steam-extracted essential oil of 120ºC and 140ºC revealed the highest antifungal and antibacterial activity, respectively. GC-MS results showed that 3-carene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were the major chemical compounds present in essential oils. It is concluded that superheated steam extraction is an alternative and effective technique for extraction of oleoresins essential oil which improves the essential oil yield and biological activities.
Mechanisms of residual force depression: Effects of shortening velocity on the stiffness to force ratio during isometric force redevelopment
Authors: Jeong Siwoo , Nishikawa Kiisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the phenomenon of residual force depression has been known for decades, the mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms of residual force depression by measuring the stiffness to force ratio during force redevelopment after shortening at different velocities. The results showed that the slope of the relationship between muscle stiffness and force decreased with decreasing shortening velocity, and the y-intercept increased with decreasing shortening velocity. The differing slopes and y-intercepts indicate that the stiffness to force ratio during isometric force redevelopment depends on the active shortening velocity at a given muscle length and activation level. The greater stiffness to force ratio after active shortening can potentially be explained by weakly-bound cross bridges in the new overlap zone. However, weakly-bound cross bridges are insufficient to explain the reduced slope at the slower shortening velocity because the slower velocity should increase the proportion of weakly- to strongly-bound cross bridges, thereby increasing the slope. In addition, if actin distortion caused by active shortening recovers during the force redevelopment period, then the resulting slope should be non-linear. Alternatively, we suggest that a tunable elastic element, such as titin, could potentially explain the results.
Colorectal Surgery Travelling Fellowships: Historical Perspective and Future Direction
Authors: Badrek-Alamoudi Ahmed H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTravelling Surgical fellowship (TSF) is a longstanding tradition encouraging out-of-programmed surgical training, fostering collegiality and collaboration amongst surgeons. This is a retrospective review that explores its historical context and examines existing and likely future trends regarding the number of fellows and their host countries. On the other hand, the creative use of online platforms in surgical education, collaboration, and training is now increasingly being offered as an alternative to traditional face-to-face activities, including live surgeries, continuous surgical education, conference attendance, and surgical mentoring. Within this context, the value of travel and physical face-to-face engagements needs to be explored and defined. This paper aims to address this need by examining the current trends of TSF and Colorectal traveling fellowships (CTF) and their future direction in addition to providing analysis of the most valued experiences within CTF programs, as well as the overall clinical and personal impacts. For colorectal traveling fellowships), additional quantitative, and qualitative analyses are provided focusing on the most valued theme-based surgical experiences, their merits, and their impacts. In Travelling surgical fellowship Trends were based on a total of 350 awarded fellowships from 2000-2019. Analysis of Colorectal traveling fellowships was based on 98 fellowships offered between 2010 and 2019. This review offers an opportunity to examine the possible long-term disruptive effect of COVID-19 by the accelerated utilization of internet-based virtual interactive education in case of absence of such traveling fellowship for Colo-rectal surgeons.
Effects of dietary resveratrol and curcumin supplements on fatty acid profiles, drumstick and breast meat quality of broiler
Authors: GÜMÜŞ RECEP , Özbilgin Abdullah , Gelen Sevda Urçar , Kara Kanber 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of different doses of resveratrol and curcumin added into the diet of broilers on the fatty acid profile of drumstick meat, and the microbial load and physicochemical criteria in drumstick and breast meat. In the study, a total of 200 male broiler chicks at the age of 0 days were distributed into 5 groups equally. In the study; 0, 250 mg kg− 1 resveratrol, 500 mg kg− 1 resveratrol, 250 mg kg− 1 curcumin and 500 mg kg− 1 curcumin were added into the basal diet of the Control (Cont), R250, R500, C250 and C500 groups, respectively. It was found that resveratrol and curcumin significantly decreased the numbers of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) (8th day), Lactobacillus spp. (6th day) and Lactococcus spp. (8th day) in drumstick meat (P < 0.05). In breast meat, decreases were observed in the numbers of Micrococcus/Staphylococcus (4th day) in C500 group, Enterobacteriaceae (8th day) in R500 and C500 groups, Lactococcus spp. (zeroth day) in R250, R500 and C500 groups, and the total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria (TPAB) (2nd day) in C250 group (P < 0.05). It was determined that resveratrol and curcumin did not affect the values of lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and water activity (aw) in drumstick meat, decreased pH levels (8th day) (P < 0.05), and had limited and variable effects in breast meat (P < 0.05). It was determined that TBARS value in drumstick meat decreased significantly in R250, R500 and C500 groups on the zeroth day (P < 0.01). Myristic acid, myristoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) levels in drumstick meat were found to increase in R250 group (P < 0.01). As a result, it was observed that resveratrol and curcumin positively affected the meat in terms of microbial and fatty acid profile, while the physicochemical effect was limited.
Disruption of Locus Coeruleus Related Functional Networks in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wu Tao , Sun Junyan , Ma Jing-Hong , Gao Linlin , Wang Junling , Zhang Dongling , Chen Lili , Fang Jiliang , Feng Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is severely affected in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the alterations of LC-related resting-state networks (RSNs) in PD remain unclear. We used resting-state functional MRI to investigate the alterations of functional connectivity (FC) of LC-related RSNs and the associations between RSNs changes and clinical features in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), and PD patients with (PDRBD+) and without RBD (PDRBD−). There was a similarly disrupted FC pattern of LC-related RSNs in iRBD and PDRBD+ patients, while the LC-related RSNs were less damaged in PDRBD− patients compared with iRBD and PDRBD+ patients. The FC of LC-related RSNs correlated with cognition and duration in iRBD, with depression in PDRBD−, and with cognition and severity of RBD in PDRBD+ patients. Our findings demonstrate that LC-related RSNs are significantly disrupted in the prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies and proposed body-first PD (PDRBD+), but are less affected in brain-first PD (PDRBD−).
P3b distinguishes Category Processing in CRS
Authors: Zhenbiao Liu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In sentence processing, few study of P3b as a component marking category processing was found in previous studies. This study offers a shred of new evidence on the distinction of category processing with a time-course experiment and an ERPs experiment of Chinese reversible sentences (CRS) processing. The results show that time course differences can first indicating category processing, the main effect of sentence type in ACC (accuracy), the main effect of word order, and the interaction effect of the two are also found in the ending part processing. The P3b results show differences in verb processing between dominant and reversed CRS, just as between reversed Chinese irreversible sentences (CIS) and reversed CRS; additionally, that the interaction effect of sentence type and word order is significant further supports the idea of P3b for category processing. This study offers the first evidence for the distinction of category processing in different sentences and a reference for the future study of CRS.
Epilepsy and patent foramen ovale: intervene or wait
Authors: Zhang Xu , Shao ChenJing , Bian ShuFang , Xiang Feng , Li DeSheng , Ao Ran , Shi XiaoBin , Yu ShengYuan , Lang SenYang , Wang XiangQing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: To date, no large-scale analysis has been conducted examining the association between PFO and epilepsy, especially in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demographic characteristics of PFO patients, the clinical characteristics of PFO in patients with epilepsy, and the effect of PFO embolization in seizure attack.
Methods: Consecutive patients who are diagnosed as PFO, are recruited for this study. All patients had performed the brain MRI examination, transesophageal echocardiograpy (TEE), EEG, ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram with bubble contrast (TTE). Epilepsy patients has a definite diagnosis of epilepsy determined by at least two epileptologists.
Results: One hundred and ten patients finished the entire estimation. The patients went to see the doctor with different chief complaints, which included seizure, headache, dizziness, cerebral infarction or TIA, chest pain or palpitation and conventional examination. The proportion of chief complaints of chest tightness or palpitation is higher in the group less than 18 years old, and the proportion of headache and seizure are higher in the group older than 18 years old (p<0.05). The age of admission in the epileptic group (27.00±13.58) is significantly lower than the non-epileptic group (37.64±20.56), and also lower than the patients with headache as the chief complaint (38.73±12.09) (p<0.05). Comparison of general condition and therapeutic effect between PFO occlusion group and non-PFO closure group, there is no significant difference in sex, age, seizure type, number of AEDs and seizure frequency before and after PFO closure.
Conclusion: No difference between PFO closure or not. Due to the small number of cases, it is necessary to further expand the sample size to obtain accurate results.
Basic Study of Sensorless Path Tracking Control Based on the Musculoskeletal Potential Method
Authors: KINJO Yoshihiro , MATSUTANI Yuki , TAHARA Kenji , Kino Hitoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a musculoskeletal system, the musculoskeletal potential method utilizes the potential property generated by the internal force between muscles; posture control can be achieved by the step input of muscular tension balancing at the desired posture. The remarkable aspect of this method is that neither sensory feedback nor complicated real-time calculation is required at all. However, previous studies addressed only point-to-point control as motion control. In other words, with the focus on the convergence to the desired posture, path tracking has not been discussed. Extending the previous studies, this paper proposes a path tracking control based on a sensorless feedforward approach. The proposed method first finds the optimal set of muscular forces that can form the potential field to the desired potential shape realizing the desired path; next, inputting the obtained muscular forces into the system achieves path tracking. For verification, this paper demonstrates a case study of a musculoskeletal system with two joints and six muscles. In this case study, a constrained nonlinear programming method is used to find the optimal muscular force, and the path trackability is verified by numerical simulation.
Investigation of the effects of climate change on hydrological drought and pattern detection for severe climatic conditions using CCT and SWAT models in the semi-arid region - Case study: Karkheh river basin
Authors: Mokhtari Fahimeh , Honarbakhsh Afshin , Soltani Saeed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Drought causes an imbalance in the hydrological condition of the area. Climate change is exacerbating this situation. In this study, the hydrological drought under the influence of climate change in Karkheh river basin was investigated using the SRI index. For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated (1990 to 2009) and validated (2010 to 2018) using data from 17 meteorological stations and 11 hydrometric stations. Then, based on the runoff simulated by the model, the index in all sub-basins for the base period (1990 to 2018) is calculated. By introducing the microscale results of 5 climate models in the Climate Change Toolkit program under RCP 2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios to the SWAT model, the SRI index was simulated for the near future (2043 to 2071) and the distant future (2072 to 2100); and its intensity, duration and frequency were compared with the baseline period. The results show that hydrological drought will decrease in the near future for both scenarios; while in the distant future this result will be reversed. The CCT model includes the Critical Consecutive Day Analyzer (CCDA), whose application in the region showed that at least once a wet period similar to the 2018 flood conditions will be observed for the near future.There will also be at least one similar drought in 2014 for the distant future in the region. However, in previous climate studies, future events have not been calculated based on identifying the pattern of those events in the past.
Transcriptome analysis of Citrus limon infected with Citrus yellow vein clearing virus
Authors: Bin Yu , Zhang Qi , Su Yue , Wang Chunqing , Jiang Qiqi , Song Zhen , Zhou Changyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is the causative agent of citrus yellow vein clearing disease, and poses a serious threat to the lemon industry in Asia. The common symptoms of CYVCV-infected lemon plants are leaf crinkling, leaf chlorotic mottling, and yellow vein clearing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CYVCV-citrus interaction that responsible for symptom occurrence is still unclarified. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to analyze the gene expression patterns of ‘Eureka’ lemon (Citrus limon Burm. f.) plants in response to CYVCV infection.
Results
There were 3691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by comparison between mock and CYVCV-infected lemon plants through RNA-seq. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that these DEGs were components of different pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Among these, the DEGs related to phytohormone metabolism and photosynthesis pathways were further enriched and analyzed. This study showed that different phytohormone-related genes had different responses toward CYVCV infection, however almost all of the photosynthesis-related DEGs were down-regulated in the CYVCV-infected lemon plants. The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR using 12 randomly chosen genes, and the results of mRNA expression analysis were consistent with those of RNA-seq.
Conclusions
The phytohormone biosynthesis, signaling and photosynthesis-related genes of lemon plants were probably involved in systemic infection and symptom occurrence of CYVCV. Notably, CYVCV infection had regulatory effects on the biosynthesis and signaling of phytohormone, which likely improve systemic infection of CYVCV. Additionally, CYVCV infection could cause structural changes in chloroplast and inhibition of photosynthesis pathway, which probably contribute to the appearance of leaf chlorotic mottling and yellow vein clearing in CYVCV-infected lemon plants. This study illustrates the dynamic nature of the citrus-CYVCV interaction at the transcriptome level and provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CYVCV in lemon plants.
Medication errors in relation to direct-acting oral anticoagulants: a qualitative study of pharmacists’ views and experiences
Authors: Alrowily Abdulrhman , Aloudah Nouf , Jalal Zahraa , Abutaleb Mohammed , Baraka Mohamed , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite their effectiveness and ease of use, medication errors have been reported to be highly prevalent with directly-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
Aim
The aim of this study was to explore views and experiences of pharmacists around medication errors and contributory factors in relation to DOACs.
Method
This study used a qualitative design and employed in-depth semi-structured interviews with pharmacists from Saudi Arabia recruited in hospital settings. Interview schedule was developed based on previous literature and Reason’s Accident Causation Model theory. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 was used to thematically evaluate the interviews (VERBI Software).
Results
Twenty-three participants representing a range of experiences participated. The analysis recognised three major themes: a) Enablers and barriers faced by pharmacists in promoting safe utilisation of DOACs such as opportunities to conduct risk assessments and offer patient counselling b) factors related to other healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients such as opportunities for effective collaborations and patient health literacy; and c) effective strategies to promote DOACs safety such as patient education, opportunities for risk assessments, multidisciplinary working and enforcement of clinical guidelines and enhanced roles of pharmacists.
Conclusion
Enhanced education of pharmacists and patients on medication safety, enforcement of clinical guidelines, timely risk assessments and multidisciplinary team working were some of the strategies that pharmacists identified as opportunities to reduce medication errors and promote DOAC safety. Future research should utilize multifaceted interventions to reduce error prevalence.
Highly host-linked viromes in the built environment possess habitat-dependent diversity and functions for potential virus-host coevolution
Authors: DU Shicong , TONG Xinzhao , Mason Christopher , Lee Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Viruses in built environments (BEs) raise public health concerns, yet they are generally less studied than bacteria. To better understand viral dynamics in BEs, this study assessed viromes from 11 habitats across four types of BEs with low to high occupancy. The diversity, composition, metabolic functions, and lifestyles of the viromes were found to be habitat dependent. Caudovirales species were ubiquitous on surface habitats in the BEs, and some of them were distinct from those present in other environments. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in viruses inhabiting surfaces frequently touched by occupants and in viruses inhabiting occupants’ skin. Diverse CRISPR-Cas immunity systems and anti-CRISPR proteins were found in bacterial hosts and viruses, respectively, consistent with the strongly coupled virus–host links. Evidence of viruses potentially aiding host adaptation in a specific-habitat manner was identified through a unique gene insertion. This work illustrates that virus–host interactions occur frequently in BEs and that viruses are integral members of BE microbiomes.
Molecular imaging of isolated peptidoglycan sacculi identifies the mechanism of action of cell wall-inhibiting antibiotics
Authors: Elsbroek Leonardo , Amiteye Daniel , Schreiber Sebastian , Herrmann Fabian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria needs to be urgently addressed by the development of new antibacterial entities. Although the prokaryotic cell wall comprises a valuable target for this purpose, development of novel cell wall-active antibiotics is mostly missing today. This is mainly caused by hinderances in the assessment of isolated enzymes of the co-dependent murein synthesis machineries, e.g. the elongasome and divisome. We therefore present imaging methodologies to evaluate inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis by high-resolution atomic force microscopy on isolated Escherichia coli murein sacculi. With the ability to elucidate the peptidoglycan ultrastructure of E. coli individuals, unprecedented molecular insights into the mechanisms of antibiotics were established. The nanoscopic impairments introduced by ampicillin, amoxicillin and fosfomycin were not only identified by AFM but readily correlated to their known mechanism of action. These valuable in vitro capabilities will facilitate the identification and evaluation of new antibiotic leads in the future.