bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical morphometric vulnerability to generalised epilepsy reflects chromosome‐ and cell type‐specific transcriptomic signatures
Authors: Li Jiao , Keller Simon S. , Seidlitz Jakob , Chen Huafu , Li Bing , Weng Yifei , Meng Yao , Yang Siqi , Xu Qiang , Zhang Qirui , Yang Fang , Lu Guangming , Bernhardt Boris C. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Liao Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsGeneralised epilepsy is thought to involve distributed brain networks. However, the molecular and cellular factors that render different brain regions more vulnerable to epileptogenesis remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate epilepsy‐related morphometric similarity network (MSN) abnormalities at the macroscale level and their relationships with microscale gene expressions at the microscale level.MethodsWe compared the MSN of genetic generalised epilepsy with generalised tonic–clonic seizure patients (GGE‐GTCS, n = 101) to demographically matched healthy controls (HC, n = 150). Cortical MSNs were estimated by combining seven morphometric features derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging for each individual. Regional gene expression profiles were derived from brain‐wide microarray measurements provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas.ResultsGGE‐GTCS patients exhibited decreased regional MSNs in primary motor, prefrontal and temporal regions and increases in occipital, insular and posterior cingulate cortices, when compared with the HC. These case–control neuroimaging differences were validated using split‐half analyses and were not affected by medication or drug response effects. When assessing associations with gene expression, genes associated with GGE‐GTCS‐related MSN differences were enriched in several biological processes, including ‘synapse organisation’, ‘neurotransmitter transport’ pathways and excitatory/inhibitory neuronal cell types. Collectively, the GGE‐GTCS‐related cortical vulnerabilities were associated with chromosomes 4, 5, 11 and 16 and were dispersed bottom‐up at the cellular, pathway and disease levels, which contributed to epileptogenesis, suggesting diverse neurobiologically relevant enrichments in GGE‐GTCS.ConclusionsBy bridging the gaps between transcriptional signatures and in vivo neuroimaging, we highlighted the importance of using MSN abnormalities of the human brain in GGE‐GTCS patients to investigate disease‐relevant genes and biological processes.
Comparison of Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation and Lateral Fixation in the Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion in Lumbar Degenerative Disease Patients with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Xianzheng , Liu Huanan , Wang Weijian , Sun Yapeng , Zhang Fei , Guo Lei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveNowadays, with the increasing proportion of osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, doctors are facing the choice of intraoperative internal fixation methods. The purpose of this study was to compare and assess the clinical results of posterior bilateral pedicle screw fixation and lateral fixation in the extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis.MethodsThe retrospective review was performed on 67 degenerative lumbar diseases patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis who underwent XLIF in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2021. Patients in this study were classified into lateral screw (LS) group, lateral self‐locking plate (LP) group, and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) group. The functional evaluation factors containing Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of leg pain, and VAS of low back pain, radiological factors such as disc height (DH), lumbar lordotic (LL) angle, segmental lordotic (SL) angle, cage subsidence degree and interbody fusion degree were compared.ResultsPrimary outcomes: no differences were observed with regards to the incidence of complications among LS, LP and BS group (P < 0.05). The JOA and leg pain VAS were significantly improved after operation (P < 0.05) and all groups demonstrated similar improvements in the leg pain VAS and JOA score (P > 0.05). When comparing VAS of leg pain and JOA scores, no differences were identified among LS, LP and BPS groups (P > 0.05). There are four thigh sensory complaint, one hip flexor weakness and one thigh pain occurred and no death was observed. There were significantly better DH, LL angle, SL angle, cage subsidence degree and interbody fusion degree in the BPS group than in LS and LP groups 1 year after surgery (P < 0.05). The DH loss ratio, LL angle loss ratio, SL angle loss ratio in the BPS group was significantly lower than in the LP and LS groups (P < 0.05). The 12‐month SL angle improvement rate in the BPS group was significantly higher than in the LP and LS groups (20.20 ± 14.69, 0.73 ± 4.68, 6.20 ± 12.31, P < 0.05). Secondary outcomes: the BPS patients had significantly worse intraoperative blood loss and operation time than LS and LP patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn lumbar diseases patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis, the bilateral pedicle screw fixation has better orthopedic effect than lateral internal fixation, and can better maintain the stability of the spine in the long‐term follow‐up, which is a better choice in XLIF surgery.
Detection method of wheat rust based on transfer learning and sharpness‐aware minimization
Authors: Xu Zhengguo , Pan Hengtuo , Ye Wei , Xu Zhuangwei , Wang Hongkai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWheat rust is one of the important factors leading to wheat yield decline. The traditional method of artificial identification of wheat rust remains inefficient. With the development of unmanned technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with advanced deep vision models can be used to monitor wheat growth, hence enabling timely disease detection and deployment of corresponding treatment measures. However, due to the limitation of embedded system hardware, it is a challenge to deploy a high‐accuracy and lightweight wheat rust detection model in an embedded system. In this paper, a training method based on transfer learning and sharpness‐aware minimization (SAM) is proposed to improve the accuracy of lightweight models. Specifically, the initial model is pretrained on an ImageNet dataset, and then the classifier of the model is fine‐tuned on the wheat rust training set; to prevent the risk of overfitting, the SAM method is applied to adjust the global parameters of the model. The experimental results on the Yellow‐Rust‐19 dataset show that the training method can effectively improve the accuracy of the wheat rust detection model, which is 3.56% higher than the existing methods. In addition, the parameter scale and computing resource requirements of four lightweight models are compared. The results indicate that MobileNetV3‐Small can achieve satisfactory accuracy with low requirements for storage and computing resource, and a detection frame rate of 101.36 frames per second in the Raspberry Pi, which is suitable for the unmanned detection of wheat rust.
Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A global analysis of literature and national action plans
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Karunasagar Iddya , Hao Bin , Gaunt Patricia , Verner‐Jeffreys David , Fridman Sophie , Dorado‐Garcia Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the establishment of a Global Action Plan (GAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (68th World Health Assembly, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015), most members of the World Health Organisation (WHO) have developed and implemented a National Action Plan (NAP) based on a “One Health” approach to AMR. Aquaculture, significant among the food producing sectors, has often been overlooked in AMR governance. We did a systematic review of 95 country NAPs and assessed the inclusion of aquaculture. We also reviewed the scientific literature from 1996 until April 2021 to retrieve data characterising AMR in aquaculture during the last 25 years. In our analysis, 37% of countries did not mention an aquaculture component within their AMR NAP. The South‐East Asia Region had the highest implementation rate of AMR‐aquaculture programmes. Our literature review indicated that most AMR‐aquaculture related studies have taken place in the People's Republic of China, followed by the United States of America and India. Beta‐lactamases, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones were the most represented classes of antibiotics, with Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. as the most investigated antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. This review highlighted the gaps in AMR‐aquaculture governance and the progress made across WHO members. Countries are encouraged to (i) fulfil their commitments by developing and/or fully implementing the AMR NAP, (ii) further engage in the research, monitoring, and surveillance of antimicrobial usage and AMR within the aquaculture sector, and (iii) collaborate at national and international level for a concerted “One Health” approach.
Amount and speciation of N leached from a sandy soil fertilized with urea, liquid digestate, struvite and NH4‐enriched chabazite zeolite‐tuff
Authors: Ferretti Giacomo , Galamini Giulio , Medoro Valeria , Faccini Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe large use and the bad management of fertilizers that are applied to soil for improving crop production have dramatically impaired soil, water, and air quality. To meet the requirements to reduce nitrogen (N) losses and all the related negative impacts on the environment and food production, it is mandatory to substitute or at least partially substitute the use of inefficient and unsustainable fertilizers with more efficient alternatives. The aim of this paper was to address the amount and speciation of the N released by a sandy soil fertilized with “slow‐release fertilizers” and traditional fertilizers (urea and liquid digestate) by means of a series of column leaching experiments. The slow‐release alternatives were represented by NH4‐enriched zeolitic tuff and struvite, both obtained by recovering the N from liquid digestate. The treatments consisted of sandy soil fertilized with (i) urea (U) (ii) liquid digestate (LD), (iii) NH4‐enriched zeolitic tuff (N‐CHA) and (iv) struvite (STRV). Eight different flushing events were performed over 38 days, leachates were collected and analysed for total Kjeldahl N, organic‐N, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, NO2−‐N and pH. U and LD lost the majority of N within the first 2 flushing events as organic N and NH4+‐N, respectively. On the other hand, STRV and N‐CHA lost less N over the whole course of the experiment and with more balanced speciation. The mass balance outlined that after the experiment, native soil N was mined in U and LD treatments while in N‐CHA and STRV a fraction of N from the fertilizers was still present. The results showed a slow release of N which can be used more efficiently in agricultural applications, minimizing the N losses.
Donor variation in stored platelets: Higher metabolic rates of platelets are associated with mean platelet volume, activation and donor health
Authors: Bontekoe Ido J. , van der Meer Pieter F. , Tanis Bea C. , de Korte Dirk , Verhoeven Arthur J. , Raat Nicolaas J. H. , Specht Patricia A. C. , Mik Egbert G. , Klei Thomas R. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelets (PLTs) differ in glycolytic activity, resulting in rapid acidification of ‘poor’ storing PLT concentrates (PCs) in plasma, or depletion of glucose when stored in PLT additive solution (PAS). We aimed to understand why PLT glycolysis rates vary between donors and how this affects storage performance.Study Design and MethodsBuffy coats from donors <45, 45–70 and >70 years were selected and single‐donor PCs in plasma or PAS‐E were prepared. PCs were stored for 8 days at 22 ± 2°C and sampled regularly for analysis. Mitochondrial activity was analyzed with an Oroboros oxygraph. Age groups, or subgroups divided into quartiles based on glucose consumption, were analyzed with ANOVA.ResultsIn each comparison, PCs of the different groups were not different in volume and cellular composition. PLTs with the highest glucose consumption had a higher initial mean platelet volume (MPV) and developed higher CD62P expression and Annexin A5 binding during storage. Higher glycolytic activity in these PLTs was not a compensation for lower mitochondrial ATP production, because mitochondrial ATP‐linked respiration of fresh PLTs correlated positively with MPV (R2 = 0.71). Donors of high glucose‐consuming PLTs had more health‐related issues. Storage properties of PCs from donors over 70 were not significantly different compared to PCs from donors younger than 45 years.ConclusionsHigh glucose‐consuming PCs developing higher activation levels, not only displayed enhanced mitochondrial activity but were also found to contain larger PLTs, as determined by MPV. Storage performance of PLTs was found to be associated with donor health, but not with donor age.
Supplemental Material: Tectonic setting of metamorphism and exhumation of eclogite-facies rocks in the South Beishan orogen, northwestern China
Authors: Li Jie , al. et 
Published: October 2022

<p>Table S1: LA-ICP-MS results for zircon U-Pb geochronology and standard procedure. Text S1: Experiment procedure for apatite (U-Th)/He in this study. Figure S1: Thin-section images of samples analyzed in this study. Figure S2: Thermal history modeling of apatite (U-Th)/He for all samples under different initial constraints using the QTQt program. </p>
Influenza activity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in 2020–2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abou El Naja Hala , Tempia Stefano , Barakat Amal , Elkholy Amgad , Aman Amir , Khan Wasiq , Abubakar Abdinasir 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionA global reduction in influenza virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed, including in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). However, these changes have not been thoroughly evaluated scientifically in the EMR.ObjectiveWe aim to present data on seasonal influenza activity during the pre-pandemic period (2016–2019) and compare it to the pandemic period (2020–2021) in EM countries.MethodsEpidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data were retrieved from both WHO FluNet and EMFLU networks. Four pre-pandemic analytical periods were used in the comparative analysis. We compiled and calculated weekly aggregated epidemiological data on the number of enrolled patients, number of tested specimens and number of positive influenza specimens.Results19 out of the 22 countries of the EMR have functioning sentinel influenza surveillance systems, and these countries report the influenza data to WHO through FluNet and EMFLU. The number of enrolled patients and tested specimens increased gradually from 51 384 and 50 672, respectively, in 2016–2017 analytical period to 194 049 enrolled patients and 124 697 tested specimens in 2019–2020. A decrease has been witnessed in both enrolled patients and tested specimens in 2020–2021 ‘pandemic period’ (166 576 and 44 764, respectively). By comparing influenza activity of analytical period 2020–2021 with that of 2016–2019 analytical periods, we found that there has been a decrease in influenza positivity rate in the EMR by 89%.ConclusionThe implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have also impacted the spread of influenza viruses. The low circulation of influenza viruses during 2020–2021 and the associated potential immunity gap may result in increased transmission and severity of post-pandemic influenza seasons. This necessitates high vigilance to continuous data and virus sharing to monitor circulating viruses in a timely fashion to reduce the intensity and severity of future influenza epidemics.
Metacognitive insight into cognitive performance in Huntington’s disease gene carriers
Authors: Hewitt Samuel RC , White Alice J , Mason Sarah L , Barker Roger A 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesInsight is an important predictor of quality of life in Huntington’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, estimating insight with traditional methods such as questionnaires is challenging and subjected to limitations. This cross-sectional study experimentally quantified metacognitive insight into cognitive performance in Huntington’s disease gene carriers.MethodsWe dissociated perceptual decision-making performance and metacognitive insight into performance in healthy controls (n=29), premanifest (n=19) and early-manifest (n=10) Huntington’s disease gene carriers. Insight was operationalised as the degree to which a participant’s confidence in their performance was informative of their actual performance (metacognitive efficiency) and estimated using a computational model (HMeta-d’).ResultsWe found that premanifest and early-manifest Huntington’s disease gene carriers were impaired in making perceptual decisions compared with controls. Gene carriers required more evidence in favour of the correct choice to achieve similar performance and perceptual impairments were increased in those with manifest disease. Surprisingly, despite marked perceptual impairments, Huntington’s disease gene carriers retained metacognitive insight into their perceptual performance. This was the case after controlling for confounding variables and regardless of disease stage.ConclusionWe report for the first time a dissociation between impaired cognition and intact metacognition (trial-by-trial insight) in the early stages of a neurodegenerative disease. This unexpected finding contrasts with the prevailing assumption that cognitive deficits are associated with impaired insight. Future studies should investigate how intact metacognitive insight could be used by some early Huntington’s disease gene carriers to positively impact their quality of life.
Coeliac plexus radiosurgery for pain management in patients with advanced cancer : study protocol for a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Jacobson Galia , Fluss Ronen , Dany-BenShushan Amira , Golan Talia , Meron Tikva , Zimmermann Camilla , Dawson Laura A , Barry Aisling , Miszczyk Marcin , Buckstein Michael , Diaz Pardo Dayssy , Aguiar Artur , Hammer Liat , Dicker Adam P , Ben-Ailan Maoz , Morag Ofir , Hausner David , Symon Zvi , Lawrence Yaacov R. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPancreatic cancer is characterised by severe mid-back and epigastric pain caused by tumour invasion of the coeliac nerve plexus. This pain is often poorly managed with standard treatments. This clinical trial investigates a novel approach in which high-dose radiation (radiosurgery) is targeted to the retroperitoneal coeliac plexus nerve bundle. Preliminary results from a single institution pilot trial are promising: pain relief is substantial and side effects minimal. The goals of this study are to validate these findings in an international multisetting, and investigate the impact on quality of life and functional status among patients with terminal cancer.Methods and analysisA single-arm prospective phase II clinical trial. Eligible patients are required to have severe coeliac pain of at least five on the 11-point BPI average pain scale and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or better. Non-pancreatic cancers invading the coeliac plexus are also eligible. The intervention involves irradiating the coeliac plexus using a single fraction of 25 Gy. The primary endpoint is the complete or partial pain response at 3 weeks. Secondary endpoints include pain at 6 weeks, analgesic use, hope, qualitative of life, caregiver burden and functional outcomes, all measured using validated instruments. The protocol is expected to open at a number of cancer centres across the globe, and a quality assurance programme is included. The protocol requires that 90 evaluable patients" be accrued, based upon the assumption that a third of patients are non-evaluable (e.g. due to death prior to 3-weeks post-treatment assessment, or spontaneous improvement of pain pre-treatment), it is estimated that a total of 120 patients will need to be accrued. Supported by Gateway for Cancer Research and the Israel Cancer Association.Ethics and disseminationEthic approval for this study has been obtained at eight academic medical centres located across the Middle East, North America and Europe. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT03323489.
Factors associated with poor medication adherence during COVID-19 pandemic among hypertensive patients visiting public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdisa Lemesa , Alemu Addisu , Heluf Helina , Sertsu Addisu , Dessie Yadeta , Negash Belay , Ayana Galana Mamo , Letta Shiferaw 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess factors associated with poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic among hypertensive patients visiting public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.SettingHospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Harari regional state and Dire Dawa Administration from 1 January to 30 February 2022. Both settings are found in Eastern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 402 adult hypertensive patients who visited the chronic diseases clinic for follow-up were included in the study.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was poor medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe level of poor antihypetensive medication adherence was 63% (95% CI 48.1 to 67.9). Patients who had no formal education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.56, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.30), existing comorbid conditions (AOR=1.98, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.35), self-funded for medication cost (AOR=2.05, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.73), poor knowledge about hypertension (HTN) and its treatment (AOR=2.67, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.99), poor patient–physician relationship (AOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.34) and unavailability of medication (AOR=5.05, 95% CI 2.78 to 12.04) showed significant association with poor medication adherence during the pandemic of COVID-19.ConclusionThe level of poor antihypertensive medication adherence was high in this study. No formal education, comorbidity, self-funded medication cost, poor knowledge about HTN and its treatment, poor patient–physician relationship, and unavailability of medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were factors significantly associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. All stakeholders should take into account and create strategies to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medication adherence of chronic diseases.