bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of P‐Bridged Biaryl Phosphines in Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation Reactions
Authors: Shandu Malibongwe P. , Lamola Jairus L. , Holzapfel Cedric W. , Maumela Munaka Christopher , Moshapo Paseka T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of catalysts derived from Pd2(dba)3 and phosphatrioxa‐adamantane framework (Cg) has been demonstrated to facilitate the effective alpha(α)‐arylation of ketones using a diverse array of aryl halides under mild reaction conditions (40 °C–80 °C). The evaluation of phosphines with dissimilar stereoelectronic properties revealed the pivotal role of fine‐tuning the ligand's steric bulk. In particular, catalysts based on the Cg‐biphenyl ligand (1) proved efficient for facile α‐arylation of electronically and sterically diverse aryl bromides and chlorides.
New Folding 2D‐Layered Nitro‐Oxygenated Carbon Containing Ultra High‐Loading Copper Single Atoms
Authors: Butburee Teera , Ponchai Jitprabhat , Meeporn Keerati , Phawa Chaiyasit , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Mano Poobodin , Namuangruk Supawadee , Chinsirikul Wannee , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Zhao Xiaoxu , Pennycook Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe discoveries of 2D nanomaterials have made huge impacts on the scientific community. Their unique properties unlock new technologies and bring significant advances to diverse applications. Herein, an unprecedented 2D‐stacked material consisting of copper (Cu) on nitro‐oxygenated carbon is disclosed. Unlike any known 2D stacked structures that are usually constructed by stacking of separate 2D layers, this material forms a continuously folded 2D‐stacked structure. Interestingly, advanced characterizations indicate that Cu atoms inside the structure are in an atomically‐dispersed form with extraordinarily high Cu loading up to 15.9 ± 1.2 wt.%, which is among the highest reported metal loading for single‐atom catalysts on 2D supports. Facile exfoliation results in thin 2D nanosheets that maximize the exposure of the unique active sites (two neighboring Cu single atoms), leading to impressive catalytic performance, as demonstrated in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction.
Revealing Resistive Switching Mechanism in CaFeOx Perovskite System with Electroforming‐Free and Reset Voltage‐Controlled Multilevel Resistance Characteristics
Authors: Lo Hung‐Yang , Huang Chun‐Wei , Chiu Chun‐Chien , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Shen Fang‐Chun , Wang Che‐Hung , Chen Yen‐Jung , Wang Chien‐Hua , Yang Jan‐Chi , Wu Wen‐Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, perovskite (PV) oxides with ABO3 structures have attracted considerable interest from scientists owing to their functionality. In this study, CaFeOx is introduced to reveal the resistive switching properties and mechanism of oxygen vacancy transition in PV and brownmillerite (BM) structures. BM‐CaFeO2.5 is grown on an Nb‐STO conductive substrate epitaxially. CaFeOx exhibits excellent endurance and reliability. In addition, the CaFeOx also demonstrates an electroforming‐free characteristic and multilevel resistance properties. To construct the switching mechanism, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to observe the topotactic phase change in CaFeOx. In addition, scanning TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy show the structural evolution and valence state variation of CaFeOx after the switching behavior. This study not only reveals the switching mechanism of CaFeOx, but also provides a PV oxide option for the dielectric material in resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) devices.
Hollow NiCoP Nanoprisms Derived from Prussian Blue Analogues as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Urea‐Assisted Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ding Xueda , Pei Lishun , Huang Yuxin , Chen Dongyang , Xie Zailai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an energy‐saving approach for electrolytic H2 production. Here, hollow NiCoP nanoprisms are derived from Prussian blue analogues by a combined self‐template coordination reaction and gas‐phase phosphorization strategy. Benefiting from the strong electron interaction, unique hollow nanostructure, and enhanced mass/charge transfer, NiCoP nanoprisms display outstanding alkaline HER and UOR performance. Specifically, low potentials of −0.052, −0.115, and −0.159 V for HER and ultralow potentials of 1.30, 1.36, and 1.42 V for UOR at current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm−2 are obtained. Moreover, in a urea‐assisted water electrolysis system, NiCoP nanoprisms only require cell voltages of 1.36, 1.49, and 1.57 V to offer current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm−2, about 170, 180, and 200 mV less than the traditional water electrolysis. Theoretical calculations indicate the Co substitution in Ni2P promotes the adsorption and dissociation of water molecules, optimizes the desorption energy of active hydrogen atoms, and enhances the adsorption of urea molecules, thus accelerating the kinetics of HER and UOR. This work facilitates the application of hollow bimetallic phosphides in electrochemical preparation of clean energy and provides a successful paradigm for urea‐rich wastewater electrolysis.
NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Oxygen Self‐Sufficient Nano‐Platform for Precise Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Wenling , Xin Huan , Zhang Ya'nan , Feng Chun , Li Qingdong , Kong Dexin , Sun Zefeng , Xu Zhaowei , Xiao Jianmin , Tian Geng , Zhang Guilong , Liu Lu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTumor hypoxia and systemic toxicity seriously affect the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and are considered as the “Achilles’ heel” of PDT. Herein, to combat such limitations, an intelligent orthogonal emissions LDNP@SiO2‐CaO2 and folic acid‐polyethylene glycol‐Ce6 nanodrug is rationally designed and fabricated not only for relieving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance PDT efficacy, but also for determining the optimal triggering time through second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging. The designed nanodrug continuously releases a large amount of O2, H2O2, and Ca2+ ions when exposed to the acidic TME. Meanwhile, under downshifting NIR‐II bioimaging guidance, chlorine e6 (Ce6) consumes oxygen to produce 1O2 upon excitation of upconversion photon. Moreover, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium overload can induce mitochondria injury and thus enhance the oxidative stress in tumor cells. As a result, the NIR‐II bioimaging guided TME‐responsive oxygen self‐sufficient PDT nanosystem presents enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy without obvious systemic toxicity. Thus, the fabricated nanodrug offers great potential for designing an accurate cancer theranostic system.
Buckling resistance of longitudinally stiffened panels with closed stiffeners under direct longitudinal stresses
Authors: Pourostad Vahid , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe buckling behaviour of panels may be determined according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [1]. Most of the design rules relating to stiffened panels in EN 1993‐1‐5 were derived on the basis of open‐section stiffeners. Several recent investigations have shown that the application of the design rules according to EN 1993‐1‐5 considering the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners may overestimate the resistance of the panels. Therefore, the recent Amendment A2 to EN 1993‐1‐5 states that the torsional stiffness of stiffeners should generally be neglected in determining critical plate buckling stresses. In addition, prEN 1993‐1‐5 [2] provides rules for considering the torsional stiffness of stiffeners. However, in this article it is shown that even the rules of prEN 1993‐1‐5 are not sufficient to overcome the safety deficiencies. The article focuses on the investigation of the buckling behaviour of stiffened panels with closed‐section stiffeners subjected to constant longitudinal compression stresses. Improved rules have been developed that allow to consider the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners. Based on an extensive numerical parametric study, a new interpolation equation between column‐ and plate‐like behaviour is proposed. In comparison to [3], the investigations have been extended to the effective width method. They show that the proposal provides a safe and economic solution for the reduced stress method and the effective width method when considering the torsional stiffness of stiffeners by calculating the critical plate buckling stresses.
Mining activities influencing the nutritional status of soil and water near a chromite mining site of Odisha, India
Authors: Nanda Swayam Prakash , Panda Bibhu Prasad , Pradhan Abanti 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMining activities tend to pollute surface soils, water bodies, and groundwater of surrounding mining sites. These anthropogenic activities have a direct impact on the crops cultivated along with human life in and around mining areas. Mining operations produced contaminants that disrupted the physiochemical properties of water and soil. Hence analyzing the nutritional status of water and soil along with physiochemical properties is an indicator of pollution in mining areas. Odisha is the greatest producer of chromium metal, accounting for about 97% of total chromium output in India, with all of this coming from multiple chromite mines in the Sukinda block (Jajpur district). Chromite mining dust and water spills containing poisonous hexavalent chromium produce the most unfavorable conditions in water bodies and soil, rendering them unsuitable for human and plant use. The current analysis was carried out adjacent to the Sukinda block of the Jajpur district demonstrating that the examined parameters are more or less over the allowed range. The entire research explains the quality of soil and water near chromite mining areas concerning seasonal (pre‐monsoon, monsoon and post‐monsoon) and annual variation. The pH of the soil was found to be very acidic at the present research sites, which are within a radius of 3–5 km from the mining region, ranging from 4.33 to 5.24. The pH of water varied from 6.45 to 7.67 due to the mixing of chromium from the mining activity. The water bodies near the mining sites were found to be highly turbid (423–649 NTU). The test value of soil nutrients such as Nitrogen (142.89–189.12 Kg/ha.), Phosphorous (5.73–7.84 Kg/ha.), and Potassium (143.25–174.45 Kg/ha.) are comparatively very low than the normal range of soil.
COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , Erhabor Gregory E. , Gbakima Aiah A. , Haileamlak Abraham , Ntumba Jean‐Marie Kayembe , Kigera James , Laybourn‐Langton Laurie , Mash Bob , Muhia Joy , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis , Ofori‐Adjei David , Okonofua Friday , Rashidian Arash , El‐Adawy Maha , Sidibé Siaka , Snouber Abdelmadjid , Tumwine James , Yassien Mohammad Sahar , Yonga Paul , Zakhama Lilia , Zielinski Chris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change.
The potential of polyethylene microplastics to transport copper in aquatic systems: Adsorption and desorption studies
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Manickam , Senthilkumar Ramalingham , Saravanakumar Krishnan , Reddy Prasad Donipathi Mogili , Naveen Prasad Balakrishna Sankari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeavy metals and microplastics are two types of general contaminants that can cause significant damage to water systems and organisms. However, the interaction of heavy metal ions with microplastic in aquatic systems received less attention compared with that of organic contaminants. This study aims to explore the interaction of copper (II) ions with microplastic (polyethylene) in aquatic systems. The adsorption experiments were performed by varying several operational parameters including equilibrium pH, initial Cu (II) concentrations, and contact times. The microplastic was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results confirmed the porous nature of the microplastic surface and the existence of various binding sites. The maximum Cu (II) uptake by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g at pH 5, according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental isotherm data exhibited a good fit to the Toth model, followed by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, according to the correlation coefficient and %error values. The pseudo‐first kinetics equation showed a better fit to copper (II) kinetics data compared with the pseudo‐second kinetics equation. Elution of copper (II) ions from copper (II)‐loaded microplastic was attempted using several elutants, and the results indicated that 0.01 M HNO3 performed well with elution efficiency over 99.5%. Thus, the elution experiments furnished proof that Cu‐loaded microplastic may leach Cu (II) ions under rich acidic conditions, thereby aiding the transport of Cu (II) ions into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms.Practitioner Points

Polyethylene microplastics showed potential to sorb copper ions.
The mechanism was electrostatic interaction between microplastics and metal ions.
Maximum copper adsorption by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g.
Once desorbed, Cu(II) transferred into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms.
Die Bedeutung von Lebensumfeldern für freiwilliges Engagement
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDem folgenden Teilkapitel liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass es die – in der Literatur so apostrophierten – Kontextbedingungen sind, die politisches und soziales Verhalten von Einzelpersonen und sozialen Gruppen wesentlich bestimmen, und hierbei insbesondere auch freiwilliges Engagement. In den vorangegangenen Kapiteln 3 und 4 wurden mittels Zusammenhangsanalysen bereits die Verbindungslinien zwischen ausgewählten Variablen, die auch einen kontextuellen Bezug aufweisen, und den Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns sichtbar gemacht.
Intercalary fragments in posterior malleolar fractures: incidence, treatment implications, and distribution within CT-based classification systems
Authors: Mueller Elena , Kleinertz Holger , Tessarzyk Marlon , Rammelt Stefan , Bartoníček Jan , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Barg Alexej , Schlickewei Carsten 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Complex ankle fractures frequently include the posterior malleolus (PM). Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, PM fracture involvement still predisposes to worse outcomes. While not incorporated into the most common PM fracture classifications, the presence of an intercalary fragment (ICF) complicates treatment. This study aims to describe the incidence, morphology, and location of ICFs in PM fractures.

Materials and methods
A total of 135 patients with a mean age of 54.4 (SD ± 18.9) years and PM fractures were analyzed for the presence of an ICF. Patients with an ICF were compared to those without in terms of age, gender, and treatment received. Characteristics of the ICFs in terms of location and size were assessed. Furthermore, the presence of an ICF in relation to the PM fracture classification according to Haraguchi et al., Bartoníček/Rammelt et al., and Mason et al. was investigated.

Results
ICFs presented in 55 (41%) of the 135 patients. Patients with an ICF were younger, and the PM was more often operatively treated when compared to patients without an ICF. A posterolateral approach was used significantly more often in patients with an ICF. Almost all ICFs were found in the posterolateral (58%) and posterocentral (35%) regions. The majority of fragments were found in Bartoníček/Rammelt type 2 fractures, the most common fracture type. Bartoníček/Rammelt type 3 fractures had the highest relative frequency of ICFs.

Conclusion
ICFs are frequently found in PM fractures; however, they are not incorporated into any of the common classifications. They are generally found in younger patients and associated with more complex PM fractures. As they can complicate reduction of the main fragment and may require direct exposure to restore joint congruency, ICFs should be considered in PM fracture classifications. Due to their location, the majority of ICFs are able to be accessed using a posterolateral approach.
Does a higher cultural supply raise cultural consumption? The association between individual and city traits and cultural consumption in Chile
Authors: Rodríguez-Puello Gabriel , Iturra Victor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile cultural economics and urban economics literatures have well established that more able individuals tend to prefer mostly cities with a high level of cultural amenities and schooling is one of the main individual determinants of the cultural consumption, there is no empirical evidence on whether cities specialized in culture boost cultural consumption of their residents. This research takes a step back compared to most studies and directly tests whether—controlling for individual characteristics—the higher the city cultural supply, the higher the probability of consuming cultural goods. Using data for 2017 from Chile and an instrumental variable approach, the results suggest that cities’ cultural employment shape workers’ decisions to consume cultural goods. A positive impact of city cultural supply on cultural consumption is found for both aggregated and disaggregated cultural goods, a robust result even under weaker exclusion restrictions of the instrument.
Changing vulnerability in Asia: contagion and spillovers
Authors: Kangogo Moses , Dungey Mardi , Volkov Vladimir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn increasing involvement of the Asian market in the global context plays a fundamental role in spreading shocks across the financial system. This paper examines the extent of vulnerability across Asian equity markets and the United States (US) equity market by distinguishing between spillovers and contagion. Spillovers are detected using a generalised historical decomposition method, while contagion is identified using a portfolio mimicking factor framework using moment conditions. The transmission of spillovers is assessed to capture the direction, strength and signs of the spillovers. The findings show evidence of changing vulnerability in Asia and the US. This is as a result of increased spillovers during crisis events and the presence of contagion. Stronger connections during crisis periods are evident as well as a general deepening of the global network. These connections may result in reduced opportunities for emerging markets. The findings suggest that caution is needed when developing regulations or methods to create a stable financial system.
Representation of precipitation and top-of-atmosphere radiation in a multi-model convection-permitting ensemble for the Lake Victoria Basin (East-Africa)
Authors: Lipzig Nicole P. M. van , Walle Jonas Van de , Belušić Danijel , Berthou Ségolène , Coppola Erika , Demuzere Matthias , Fink Andreas H. , Finney Declan L. , Glazer Russell , Ludwig Patrick , Marsham John H. , Nikulin Grigory , Pinto Joaquim G. , Rowell David P. , Wu Minchao , Thiery Wim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study ELVIC (climate Extremes in the Lake VICtoria basin) was recently established to investigate how extreme weather events will evolve in this region of the world and to provide improved information for the climate impact community. Here we assess the added value of the convection-permitting scale simulations on the representation of moist convective systems over and around Lake Victoria. With this aim, 10 year present-day model simulations were carried out with five regional climate models at both PARameterized (PAR) scales (12–25 km) and Convection-Permitting (CP) scales (2.5–4.5 km), with COSMO-CLM, RegCM, AROME, WRF and UKMO. Most substantial systematic improvements were found in metrics related to deep convection. For example, the timing of the daily maximum in precipitation is systematically delayed in CP compared to PAR models, thereby improving the agreement with observations. The large overestimation in the total number of rainy events is alleviated in the CP models. Systematic improvements were found in the diurnal cycle in Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiation and in some metrics for precipitation intensity. No unanimous improvement nor deterioration was found in the representation of the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the seasonal cycle when going to the CP scale. Furthermore, some substantial biases in TOA upward radiative fluxes remain. Generally our analysis indicates that the representation of the convective systems is strongly improved in CP compared to PAR models, giving confidence that the models are valuable tools for studying how extreme precipitation events may evolve in the future in the Lake Victoria basin and its surroundings.
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition: a delayed response to an increasing positive feedback?
Authors: Shackleton J. D. , Follows M. J. , Thomas P. J. , Omta A. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlacial–interglacial cycles constitute large natural variations in Earth’s climate. The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) marks a shift of the dominant periodicity of these climate cycles from $$\sim 40$$

∼
40

to $$\sim 100$$

∼
100

kyr. Recently, it has been suggested that this shift resulted from a gradual increase in the internal period (or equivalently, a decrease in the natural frequency) of the system. As a result, the system would then have locked to ever higher multiples of the external forcing period. We find that the internal period is sensitive to the strength of positive feedbacks in the climate system. Using a carbon cycle model in which feedbacks between calcifier populations and ocean alkalinity mediate atmospheric CO$$_2,$$

2

,

we simulate stepwise periodicity changes similar to the MPT through such a mechanism. Due to the internal dynamics of the system, the periodicity shift occurs up to millions of years after the change in the feedback strength is imposed. This suggests that the cause for the MPT may have occurred a significant time before the observed periodicity shift.