bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong and weak tie homophily in adolescent friendship networks: An analysis of same-race and same-gender ties
Authors: McMillan Cassie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile we know that adolescents tend to befriend peers who share their race and gender, it is unclear whether patterns of homophily vary according to the strength, intimacy, or connectedness of these relationships. By applying valued exponential random graph models to a sample of 153 adolescent friendship networks, I test whether tendencies towards same-race and same-gender friendships differ for strong versus weak relational ties. In nondiverse, primarily white networks, weak ties are more likely to connect same-race peers, while racial homophily is not associated with the formation of stronger friendships. As racial diversity increases, however, strong ties become more likely to connect same-race peers, while weaker bonds are less apt to be defined by racial homophily. Gender homophily defines the patterns of all friendship ties, but these tendencies are more pronounced for weaker connections. My results highlight the empirical value of considering tie strength when examining social processes in adolescent networks.
A legislative view
Authors: Picken J. 
Published: September 2022

One of my responsibilities is the day-to-day supervision of the various pilot examiner authorisations issued by CAA. These authorisations permit the holder to carry out various tests pursuant to Sch. 9 of the ANO. (For the benefit of those who think that Sch. 9 has something to do with income tax let me hasten to add that Sch. 9 lays down the requirements for licence certificates of test—aircraft type tests and instrument rating renewals.)As you are aware ever increasing numbers of those Sch. 9 tests are conducted on simulators, or more correctly—simulators approved for that purpose. This creates two areas of input from CAA—approval of the device and authorisation of the examiner. The former is normally approved annually and the latter every three years.
Licensing and training
Authors: Lavery G. T. 
Published: September 2022

When we talk of a flight simulator, we naturally contemplate something which is artificial, something which is inferior to the real thing—a substitute for the real aeroplane. There is a danger, therefore, that we might also think of the flight simulator instructor in the same terms —that he is someone who is inferior to the real thing, the flight instructor. Nothing could be farther from the truth.The flight simulator instructor needs to be a flight instructor who is additionally qualified to instruct on the simulator. He is therefore someone who is superior to just a flight instructor.
Simulator training for public transport
Authors: Hollis R. 
Published: September 2022

I am engaged in operating the B 737 mainly in Europe and my employer has utilised another operator's 737 flight simulator with three axis motion for some eight years for the purpose of training. Currently we are using a six-axis motion moving base 737 flight simulator with computer generated image visual attachment.During this period the ratio of simulator to aircraft training for type conversion has changed progressively from 6 hours simulator and 12 hours aircraft initially, to approximately 32 hours simulator and 3 hours aircraft currently. Similarly the checking pattern has changed from using the simulator for the I/R and one competency check annually to the current practice of completing all refresher training, regulatory authority check requirements and some aspects of command training on the simulator.
The role of synthetic training in general aviation
Authors: Nicholl J. 
Published: September 2022

Since the days of the first Link Trainer, flight trainers have played a small part in the initial training of most military and commercial pilots. The elementary types of trainer have been used successfully to teach new pilots the basics of instrument flying and subsequently how to fly instrument procedures on SBA, Radio Range, non-directional beacons, VOR and ILS.Quite a lot of thought has been given from time to time to the possibility of extending the role of the trainer, for use as a pre-flight trainer perhaps, or to reduce the total amount of in-flight training and experience required for the issue of a licence.
SECRET CUSTOMorTHE IMPACT OF JUDICIAL DELIBERATIONS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Lando Massimo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe literature on the identification of rules of customary international law is extensive. Commentators have focused on isolating the methodologies by which international courts and tribunals identify customary international law, with most of the debate revolving around the use of induction, or deduction and assertion as methods of custom identification. However, the existing literature has overlooked that the choice among custom identification methodologies takes place behind closed doors, during confidential deliberation processes. When all that scholars see may be deduction or assertion, international courts and tribunals may have ascertained the existence of customary rules by induction, but induction may not have made it into the final text of the decision. This article elaborates on the impact of judicial deliberations at the International Court of Justice on the choice among custom identification methodologies. It argues that individual-driven stages of deliberations favour custom identification by induction, while collegial stages promote custom identification by non-inductive methodologies.
The effects of surface electrical stimulation plus voice therapy in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Hooren M R A , Baijens L W J , Dijkman R , Kremer B , Michou E , Pilz W , Vos R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of surface electrical stimulation plus voice therapy on voice in dysphonic patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.MethodPatients were assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 28 per group) and received daily treatment for 3 weeks on 5 days a week. All three groups received voice therapy (usual care). In addition, two groups received surface electrical stimulation, either motor-level or sensory-level stimulation. A standardised measurement protocol to evaluate therapeutic effects included the Voice Handicap Index and videolaryngostroboscopy.ResultsVoice Handicap Index and videolaryngostroboscopic assessment showed statistically significant differences between baseline and post-treatment across all groups, without any post-treatment differences between the three groups.ConclusionIntensive voice therapy (usual care) improved idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients' self-assessment of voice impairment and the videolaryngostroboscopic outcome score. However, surface electrical stimulation used as an add-on to usual care did not improve idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients’ self-assessment of voice impairment or the videolaryngostroboscopic outcome scores any further.
Clinically oriented ankle rehabilitation robot with a novel mechanism
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zhou Yu , Dong Mingjie , Rong Xi , Jiao Ran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to make the designed ankle robotic system simpler, practical, and clinically oriented, we developed a novel$\underline{R}-2\underline{U}PS/RR$ankle rehabilitation robot with a variety of training functions covering all the required ranges of motion of the ankle joint complex (AJC), where$U$,$P$,$S$, and$R$denote universal, prismatic, spherical, and revolute joints, respectively, and the underlined letter denotes the actuated joint. The robot was designed with three degrees of freedom (DOFs), with a series$R$mechanism and a$2\underline{U}PS/RR$parallel mechanism. The main advantage is that the height of the robot is very low, which is convenient for clinical use by patients. At first, the mechanism design and inverse solution of positions were introduced in detail. Then, the patient-passive exercise based on the predefined trajectory tracking and patient-active exercise based on the spring model were developed to satisfy different rehabilitation stages. Finally, experiments with healthy subjects were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed patient-passive and patient-active exercises of the developed ankle rehabilitation robot, with results compared with the existing ankle robotic system showing good trajectory tracking performance and interactive performance.
How deep is your love? Patriotism, money and the people in Canton in the early phase of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1938
Authors: Ho Virgil Kit-yiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article studies how people, especially the business community, in the southern Chinese city of Canton, responded to the government's fund-raising campaigns in the early phase of the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–45). It challenges the conventional views that the whole city of Canton had wholeheartedly united together in the face of their encroaching enemy, and that people from all walks of life displayed a high degree of patriotism with their self-denying participation in the city's war efforts. Despite the common concern about the threat of looming attack on Canton by the Japanese, this commonality, however, did not help cement the populace into a nationalistic whole with great solidarity, as the state and its publicists hoped. This article also reveals the problem with interpreting socio-political events in this turbulent time through the narrow lens of Chinese nationalism.
‘A Collation of Badly Disguised, Well-Known Themes’: Shostakovich Symphonies in the Parisian Press, 1936–1946
Authors: ROYCROFT MADELINE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the reception of Shostakovich's symphonies in the Parisian press, from the late interwar period to the years immediately following the Second World War. In doing so, it continues the conversation around international responses to Shostakovich's music in the twentieth century, adding a consideration of the composer's symphonies in France from 1936 to 1946 to the existing literature on Shostakovich reception in the United States, Britain, and Germany. By interrogating the commentary of Parisian critics and music writers during this period, the article reveals how the reception of Shostakovich's symphonies in Paris reflects the rising and falling influence of the French Communist Party, and offers a novel way to view the shifts in Franco-Soviet relations either side of the Second World War.
Family functioning and psychosocial symptoms among Latinx patients coping with advanced cancer
Authors: Torres-Blasco Normarie , Castro-Figueroa Eida M. , Zamore Carolina , Claros Maria , Peña-Vargas Cristina , Rosario Lianel , Sanabria Gabriella , Breitbart William , Costas-Muñiz Rosario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis brief report aims to describe and determine the association of family functioning (e.g., cohesion and expressiveness) with psychosocial needs among Spanish Latinx patients coping with advanced cancers.MethodsDescriptive and correlation analyses were performed on data from 103 patients coping with advanced cancer (Stages III and IV). The measures used were the Family Relationships Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: General.ResultsResults indicated that most of the participants had low family function (65%). Participants with higher family functioning (35%) had high levels of quality of life [r(103) .318, p < .002]. A higher level of quality of life was also strongly associated with lower levels of anxiety [r(95) −.653, p < .000], lower levels of depression [r(95) −.733, p < .000], and lower levels of hopelessness [r(95) −.585, p = .000]. A total of 22.3% of Latinx advanced cancer patients reported poor cohesiveness; those with low cohesiveness also had higher levels of depression [r(103) −.28, p = .004] and anxiety [r(103) −.27, p = .005]. Correlations between expressiveness and hopelessness were significant; namely, those with higher expressiveness had lower hopelessness [r(103) −.274, p = .005].Significance of resultsFindings present a high correlation between family functioning and psychosocial symptoms.
Chemical Etching Technique Makes Possible SEM Investigation Of Polyolefin Microstructures
Authors: Woo Sangsun , Park Jemyung , Eom Kyuyoung , Kwon Ohjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have been used to study the polyolefin polymer morphology as it relates to the development and modification of the commercial products, it has seldom been used to study polyolefin microstructures such as spherulite and lamellae morphology. Rather, transmission electron microscopes (TEM) have been used for such morphology studies because they provide the resolution necessary for observation of polymer microstructures. Unfortunately, TEM studies require the microtomesectioning of the buik samples to produce suitable test samples after unloading. In contrast, we have shown that, if suitable sample preparation techniques are employed, the surface morphology of bulk polyolefin samples, such as the thick test pieces and commercial products, can be characterized using the SEM. In this article we introduce our chemical etching technique that is suitable for the investigation of the polyolefin microstructures.
Synoptic 129I and CFC–SF6 Transit Time Distribution (TTD) Sections Across the Central Arctic Ocean From the 2015 GEOTRACES Cruises
Authors: Smith John N. , Smethie W. M. , Casacuberta Nuria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMeasurements of the tracers, 129I, CFC‐11, and SF6 on water samples collected in the Arctic Ocean in 2015 have been used to calculate mean ages, Γ and mixing, Δ parameters using transit time distributions (TTDs) to constrain water circulation and mixing time scales. Values of Γ and Δ determined separately using the two tracer pairs, SF6‐CFC‐11, and 129I‐CFC‐11 are in good agreement for gas solubilities estimated for saturation levels of 0.90, but agreement decreases for other gas saturation levels. Both Γ and Δ increase rapidly with increasing depth below the base of the intermediate water layer (ca. 1,000 m), but maintaining a value of Δ/Γ ≅ 1 supporting the use of this proportionality in applications of TTDs to deep ocean transport of substances such as anthropogenic carbon. Isolines of Γ = 20 years deepening to depths below 1,000 m over the flank of the Mendeleyev Ridge near the North Pole outline the bathymetrically steered, return flow of recently ventilated Atlantic Water toward Fram Strait. Basin interior waters are significantly older with the Γ = 25 years mean age isoline shallowing upward to depths above 500 m in the Makarov, Canada, and Eurasian Basins. Values of Δ remain relatively constant in the 6–10 years range in upper intermediate water across all three basins indicating that flow is principally advective and that the mixing specified by Δ likely occurs upstream of the central basins in regions proximal to the outflow from the Santa Anna Trough.
Reply to Comment by Anand et al. on “Groundwater Affects the Geomorphic and Hydrologic Properties of Coevolved Landscapes”
Authors: Litwin David G. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Harman Ciaran J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere we acknowledge an omission and offer a perspective on the importance of domain size for the simple landscape evolution model that appears in our original manuscript. For completeness, the domain size should have been included in the nondimensionalization. However, it can be shown to be of little consequence in the region of the parameter space that we examined. Furthermore, we show that our choice of nondimensionalization (with landscape evolution process rates rather than domain size) allows for a clearer view of controls on intrinsic features of the results, including valley spacing and channel head contributing areas, which were the focus of our original analysis.
Circular RNA circPGD contributes to gastric cancer progression via the sponging miR-16-5p/ABL2 axis and encodes a novel PGD-219aa protein
Authors: Liu Yun , Cao Jia , Zhu Linqi , Zhao Wenjun , Zhou Yong , Shao Chen , Shao Shihe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircRNAs have critical effects on tumor development and progression. However, circPGD effect on gastric cancer (GC) is still elusive. Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractionation, and RNA-FISH assay examined the localization of circPGD in MGC-803 cells. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect the expression and prognostic significance of circPGD, miR-16-5p, and ABL2 within GC tissues. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assays, rescue, and western blotting assays confirmed the interactions between circPGD, miR-16-5p, and ABL2. Transwell, wound healing, and colony-formation assays, as well as CCK-8 and cell apoptosis assays, analyzed the functions of circPGD, miR-16-5p, ABL2, as well as PGD-219aa within GC cells. Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence experiments detected the differences in the expression of the related proteins. Finally, xenograft and metastatic mouse models were used to investigate circPGD function in vivo. Mass spectrometry was used to detect the existence of PGD-219aa in MGC-803 cells. CircPGD was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control, circPGD and ABL2 expression increased within GC tissues and cells, and the miR-16-5p level was decreased. Functionally, circPGD promoted cell proliferation, migration and suppressed apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, circPGD sponged miR-16-5p for relieving miR-16-5p suppression on the corresponding target ABL2 via the SMAD2/3 and YAP signaling pathways. In addition, circPGD encodes a novel PGD-219aa protein that can enhance the growth and migration of GC cells, while inhibiting GC cells apoptosis via the SMAD2/3 and YAP signaling pathways. Furthermore, circPGD overexpression enhanced tumor aggressiveness, while circPGD knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Overall, circPGD has a novel oncogenic effect on GC cells, indicating the potential of circPGD as the tumorigenic factor and a promising diagnostic marker for GC.
Single-cell profiling reveals molecular basis of malignant phenotypes and tumor microenvironments in small bowel adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Zhou Xin , Dong Ji , Wang Wendong , Lu Yongqu , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yu , Mao Yunuo , Gao Junpeng , Wang Wei , Li Qingqing , Gao Shuai , Wen Lu , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare malignant tumors with a high mortality rate, and their molecular characteristics are still largely unexplored. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing for tumor samples from 12 SBA patients and predicted drug candidates for SBA. We identified four prevalent subtypes of malignant cells with distinct signatures including cell cycle program, mitochondria program, metabolism program and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. The progression relationships of these four subtypes of malignant cells were also revealed, which started from the cell cycle program, through the mitochondria program and then progressing into either the metabolism program or the EMT program. Importantly, ligand–receptor interaction pairs were found to be specifically enriched in pairs of EMT-program malignant cells and highly exhausted CD8+ T cells, suggesting that cancer cell subpopulations with EMT features may contribute most to the exhaustion of T cells. We also showed that the duodenal subtype of SBA exhibited molecular features more similar to gastric cancer whereas jejunal subtype of SBA more similar to colorectal cancer. Especially, we predicted specific drugs for SBA based on differential gene expression signatures between malignant cells and normal epithelial cells of SBA, and verified more potent inhibitory effects of volasertib and tozasertib for SBA cancer cells than conventional drugs of SBA at the same concentration, which provides new clues for treatments of SBA. In summary, our study provides a blueprint of the molecular signatures of both tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells in SBA and reveals potential targets and drug candidates for its clinical treatments.
Exosome based analysis for Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome and health risks in space exploration
Authors: Chakrabortty Sudipto K. , Khodor Yevgenia L. , Kitchen Robert R. , Miller Dulaney L. , Babcock Kailey M. , Manning Kyle S. , Lang Steven P. , Tadigotla Vasisht , Yu Wei , Bershad Eric , Skog Johan , Zanello Susana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular profiling to characterize the effects of environmental exposures is important from the human health and performance as well as the occupational medicine perspective in space exploration. We have developed a novel exosome-based platform that allows profiling of biological processes in the body from a variety of body fluids. The technology is suitable for diagnostic applications as well as studying the pathophysiology of the Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in astronauts and monitoring patients with chronically impaired cerebrospinal fluid drainage or elevated intracranial pressure. In this proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that: (a) exosomes from different biofluids contain a specific population of RNA transcripts; (b) urine collection hardware aboard the ISS is compatible with exosome gene expression technology; (c) cDNA libraries from exosomal RNA can be stored in dry form and at room temperature, representing an interesting option for the creation of longitudinal molecular catalogs that can be stored as a repository for retrospective analysis.
A hierarchical approach for building distributed quantum systems
Authors: Davarzani Zohreh , Zomorodi Mariam , Houshmand Mahboobeh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a multi-layer hierarchical architecture is proposed for distributing quantum computation. In a distributed quantum computing (DQC), different units or subsystems communicate by teleportation in order to transfer quantum information. Quantum teleportation requires classical and quantum resources and hence, it is essential to minimize the number of communications among these subsystems. To this end, a two-level hierarchical optimization method is proposed to distribute the qubits among different parts. In Level I, an integer linear programming model is presented to distribute a monolithic quantum system into K balanced partitions which results in the minimum number of non-local gates. When a qubit is teleported to a destination part, it can be used optimally by other gates without being teleported back to the destination part. In Level II, a data structure is proposed for quantum circuit and a recursive function is applied to minimize the number of teleportations. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the previous ones.
3D multiple immunoimaging using whole male organs in rice
Authors: Araki Saori , Tamotsu Hinako , Komiya Reina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal regulation of proteins and RNAs is essential for the precise development of reproductive tissues in many organisms. The anther, a prominent part of the male reproductive organ in plants, contains several somatic cell layers named the anther wall and, within it, the germ cells. Here, we successfully developed a simple 3D organ-immunoimaging technique for rice anthers, which distinguishes each individual cell from the four somatic cell layers and germ cells without the need for transformation, embedding, sectioning, or clearing. The 3D immunostaining method is also applicable to the intracellular localization of meiosis-specific proteins in meiocytes, as exemplified by MEL1, a germ cell-specific ARGONAUTE in the cytoplasm, and ZEP1, a pachytene marker on meiotic chromosomes. Our 3D multiple immunostaining method with single-cell and intracellular resolution will contribute to a comprehensive organ-level elucidation of molecular mechanisms and cellular connectivity.