bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emissions from fossil fuels produced on US federal lands and waters present opportunities for climate mitigation
Authors: Ratledge Nathan , Zachary Laura , Huntley Chase 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBetween 2005 and 2019, a quarter of US fossil fuel production came from federal lands and waters. We estimate that the extraction, transportation and combustion of these fuels resulted in emissions equivalent to roughly 1.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. To better understand their future role in the US emissions profile, we use publicly available data and machine learning to model coal, oil and natural gas production on federal lands and waters to 2030, and calculate associated life cycle climate emissions. We estimate that total emissions from fossil fuels produced on federal lands and waters decline 6% below 2019 levels by 2030; and note that absent additional policy, further reductions may be challenging as some of the cheapest fossil fuels occur on federally owned lands and many are effectively subsidized.
Health impact of natural gas emission at Cava dei Selci residential zone (metropolitan city of Rome, Italy)
Authors: Carapezza Maria Luisa , Tarchini Luca , Ancona Carla , Forastiere Francesco , Ranaldi Massimo , Ricci Tullio , De Simone Gabriele , Mataloni Francesca , Pagliuca Nicola Mauro , Barberi Franco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural gas hazard was assessed at Cava dei Selci, a residential neighbourhood of Marino (Rome) by a joint study of gas emissions and related health problems. Here a densely urbanized zone with 4000 residents surrounds a dangerous natural gas discharge where, along the years, dozens of animals were killed by the gas. Gas originates from Colli Albani volcano and consists mostly of CO2 with ~ 1 vol% of H2S. In recent years, several gas-related accidents occurred in the urbanized zone (gas blowouts and road collapses). Some houses were evacuated because of hazardous indoor air gas concentration. Gas hazard was assessed by soil CO2 flux and concentration surveys and indoor and outdoor air CO2 and H2S concentration measurements. Open fields and house gardens release a high quantity of CO2 (32.23 tonnes * day−1). Inside most houses, CO2 air concentration exceeds 0.1 vol%, the acceptable long-term exposure range. In several houses both CO2 and H2S exceed the IDLH level (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health). An epidemiological cohort study was carried out on the residents of two Cava dei Selci zones with high (zone A) and medium (zone B) gas hazard exposure, using the rest of Marino as reference zone. We found excess mortality and emergency room visits (ERV) related to high exposure to CO2 and H2S; in particular, an increased risk of mortality and ERV for diseases of central nervous system (HR 1.57, 95% CI 0.76–3.25 and HR 5.82, 95% CI 1.27–26.56, respectively) was found among men living in zone A.
DRAMSys4.0: An Open-Source Simulation Framework for In-depth DRAM Analyses
Authors: Steiner Lukas , Jung Matthias , Prado Felipe S. , Bykov Kirill , Wehn Norbert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe simulation of Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs) on system level requires highly accurate models due to their complex timing and power behavior. However, conventional cycle-accurate DRAM subsystem models often become a bottleneck for the overall simulation speed. A promising alternative are simulators based on Transaction Level Modeling, which can be fast and accurate at the same time. In this paper we present DRAMSys4.0, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the fastest and most extensive open-source cycle-accurate DRAM simulation framework. DRAMSys4.0 includes a novel software architecture that enables a fast adaption to different hardware controller implementations and new JEDEC standards. In addition, it already supports the latest standards DDR5 and LPDDR5. We explain how to apply optimization techniques for an increased simulation speed while maintaining full temporal accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the simulator’s accuracy and analysis tools with two application examples. Finally, we provide a detailed investigation and comparison of the most prominent cycle-accurate open-source DRAM simulators with regard to their supported features, analysis capabilities and simulation speed.
Measuring Changes in Social Skills Throughout an Intervention Program for Children with ASD, Contributions from Polar Coordinate Analysis
Authors: Alcover Carlota , Mairena M. Ángeles , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , Mezzatesta Marcela , Balañá Gemma , Elias Neus , Elias Maria , Arias-Pujol Eulàlia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe demand of social skills interventions for people with ASD has grown in recent years. The main goal of this research was to study social skills: “responding to interaction” and “initiating interaction”, and to capture whether there were differences between an initial and a final session in a program for children with ASD. Additionally, we aimed to compare social skills patterns according to the VIQ level. The sample (N = 20) was divided into 2 subgroups depending on whether the VIQ was > 90 or < 90. We employed a mixed methods approach based on a systematic observation of social behaviors. The observational design was nomothetic, follow-up, and multidimensional. Once we confirmed inter-observer reliability for the ad hoc observational instrument we performed descriptive statistics and polar coordinate analysis using LINCE software. The results show high intragroup and intergroup variability. In general, participants with VIQ < 90 showed a better improvement in responding to interaction, whereas participants with VIQ > 90 showed more complex patterns to initiate interactions. The polar coordinate technique was useful for detecting significant relationships between autism’s social micro-behaviors. Results and information obtained through observational methodology could allow professionals to understand communication and interaction of participants.
Materialising the Social Relationships of Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Geochemical Analyses of 4th Millennium BC ‘Slate Ring Ornaments’ from Finland
Authors: Ahola Marja , Holmqvist Elisabeth , Pesonen Petro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the 4th millennium BC, an intensive artefact circulation system existed among the hunter-gatherer peoples of north-eastern Europe. Along with other goods, ring-shaped ornaments that were mainly made of different kinds of slates or tuffites were commonly distributed. Although commonly referred to as ‘slate rings’, these ornaments consist mainly of fragments of rings. In this paper, we suggest that the ‘slate rings’ were never meant to be intact, complete rings, but were instead fragmented on purpose and used as tokens of social relationships relating to the gift-giving system. By refitting artefact fragments together, analysing their geochemical composition, micro details, and use-wear, we were able to prove that these items were not only intentionally fragmented but also likely worn as personal ornaments. Moreover, ED-XRF analysis of 56 of the artefacts showed a correlation between their geochemical characteristics and stylistic detailing, suggesting different production phases or batches. Comparative data analysis confirmed the provenance hypothesis that the majority of the analysed objects, or at least their raw materials, were exported over hundreds of kilometres from the Lake Onega region.
Child-to-Parent Cyber Violence: What Is the Next Step?
Authors: Suárez-Relinque Cristian , del Moral-Arroyo Gonzalo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChild-to-parent violence (CPV) presents important correlations with other forms of violence in the adolescent stage such as bullying and dating violence. The evolution of these forms of violence in recent years has followed a path from offline to online, although there is a high correlation between the two modalities of abusive behavior: Is it the same case with CPV? Based on the opinion of a group of experts, this original brief report reflects on the existence of child-to-parent cyber violence (CPCV) and proposes some preliminary indicators to identify it. A Delphi method was applied with a sample consisted of 12 experts in CPV (psychologists, social educators and social workers) with at least 5 years of experience (M = 7.32, SD = 4.21) and from both sexes (50% women). In the results, 8 indicators of CPCV have been identified. Two of them are related to the control of communication by adolescents and the need to obtain reinforcers immediately. Four other indicators are related to the damage of parent image in their social network sites. Finally, we found two indicators of violence exerted by adolescents oriented to get the economic resources to do online shopping and maintain their regular activity on the internet. There is unanimous agreement among experts on the existence of some behaviors that can be defined as CPCV. This study provides novel information on CPV and raise some questions that could help researchers interested in cyber violence to enter this emerging field.
Performance comparison of different flow arrangements of 4-fluid internally-cooled liquid desiccant dehumidifiers
Authors: Pakari Ali , Ghani Saud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the performance of 10 different flow arrangements of 4-fluid internally-cooled liquid desiccant dehumidifiers were compared. The four fluids are supply air, exhaust air, liquid desiccant, and water. The comparison was performed using a two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model of the dehumidifier that was solved numerically. The model’s predictions of supply air outlet humidity ratio matched experimental measurements within 6.7%. The two-dimensional variation of the air temperature and humidity ratio in the supply channel showed the importance of using a two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model when at least one of the fluids is in cross-flow with the other fluids. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of nine input parameters (supply air temperature and humidity ratio, exhaust air temperature and humidity ratio, liquid desiccant temperature, concentration, and flow rate, supply air mass flow rate, and exhaust to supply air mass flow rate ratio) on the performance of the dehumidifiers. The results showed that the best performance, in terms of the supply air humidity ratio and enthalpy decrease, was obtained when the supply air was in counter-flow with the exhaust air, liquid desiccant, and water. While the poorest performance was obtained when the supply air was in parallel-flow with the exhaust air and in counter-flow with the liquid desiccant and water. The approximate difference between the best and poorest performing flow arrangements in terms of the decrease in supply air humidity ratio and enthalpy is 4.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that for the 10 flow arrangements, the liquid desiccant inlet temperature, and flow rate have the least effects on the performance of the dehumidifier.
Corner’s theorem on modules with anti-isomorphic endomorphism algebras
Authors: Goldsmith Brendan , White Noel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a version of an unpublished result of A.L.S. Corner on p-adic modules with anti-isomorphic endomorphism algebras. The result gives a complete description of necessary conditions for two such modules to have anti-isomorphic endomorphism algebras and a sufficient condition is also given. A main difference in the current version is that extensive use is made of our ability to describe certain homomorphism groups.
Asymptotic expansion of Fourier coefficients of reciprocals of Eisenstein series
Authors: Heim Bernhard , Neuhauser Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we give a classification of the asymptotic expansion of the q-expansion of reciprocals of Eisenstein series $$E_k$$

E
k

of weight k for the modular group $$\mathop {\mathrm{SL}}_2(\mathbb {Z})$$

SL
2

(
Z
)

. For $$k \ge 12$$

k
≥
12

even, this extends results of Hardy and Ramanujan, and Berndt, Bialek, and Yee, utilizing the Circle Method on the one hand, and results of Petersson, and Bringmann and Kane, developing a theory of meromorphic Poincaré series on the other. We follow a uniform approach, based on the zeros of the Eisenstein series with the largest imaginary part. These special zeros provide information on the singularities of the Fourier expansion of $$1/E_k(z)$$

1
/

E
k

(
z
)

with respect to $$q = e^{2 \pi i z}$$

q
=

e

2
π
i
z

.
Toward greater consistency and validity in measuring interdisciplinarity: a systematic and conceptual evaluation
Authors: Zwanenburg Sander , Nakhoda Maryam , Whigham Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile interdisciplinary research (IDR) has attracted much attention, this has not yet resulted in a coherent body of knowledge of interdisciplinarity. One of the impediments is a lack of consensus on its conceptualization and measurement. Some of the proposed measures have shown to misalign empirically, meaning that conclusions about IDR can differ across measures. To clarify this disagreement conceptually, and to stimulate better coherence in measurement, this paper starts with a review of the IDR definitions. From a synthesis of these definitions, we provide a conceptual definition and a logical structure of the construct, and derive evaluation criteria for its measures. We use these to evaluate 21 measures of IDR. The results show that measures vary widely in meeting the criteria, which can explain some of the observed inconsistencies in earlier studies. We discuss the most common limitations and present empirical analyses to gauge their severity. We present several suggestions for future measurement of the interdisciplinarity of research. We hope that with these suggestions, researchers can draw more consistent conclusions, aiding in the development of a coherent body of knowledge of this ever-important phenomenon.
How should evaluation be? Is a good evaluation of research also just? Towards the implementation of good evaluation
Authors: Daraio Cinzia , Vaccari Alessio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we answer the question of how evaluation should be by proposing a good evaluation of research practices. A good evaluation of research practices, intended as social practices à la MacIntyre, should take into account the stable motivations and the traits of the characters (i.e. thevirtues) of researchers. We also show that a good evaluation is alsojust, beyond the sense offairness, as working on good research practices implies keep into account abroader sense of justice. After that, we propose the development of a knowledge base for the assessment of “good” evaluations of research practices to implement a questionnaire for the assessment of researchers’ virtues. Although the latter is a challenging task, the use of ontologies and taxonomic knowledge, and the reasoning algorithms that can draw inferences on the basis of such knowledge represents a way for testing the consistency of the information reported in the questionnaire and to analyse correctly and coherently how the data is gathered through it. Finally, we describe the potential application usefulness of our proposal for the reform of current research assessment systems.
Paradigms and paradoxes: complementarity in chemical structures—a tribute to Erwin Chargaff
Authors: Hargittai Istvan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLinus Pauling pronounced the importance of complementarity in chemical structures and processes involving biological molecules. Erwin Chargaff’s discovery of base equivalence in DNA provided the most beautiful example of such complementarity. He taught us to appreciate both generalization and the understanding of minute differences in advancing science.
Molecular taxonomical identification and phylogenetic relationships of some marine dominant algal species during red tide and harmful algal blooms along Egyptian coasts in the Alexandria region
Authors: El-Hadary Mona H. , Elsaied Hosam E. , Khalil Nehma M. , Mikhail Samia K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) threaten the aquatic ecosystems due to either poisonous effects on living organisms or oxygen-consuming. So HABs’ accurate identification, including red tide, is crucial. This study aimed to molecular identification of dominant species during tide period in nine stations along Alexandria region at Egyptian costs during one year. Samples were collected weekly before water discoloration but daily during red tide intensive growth from both 50 cm below the surface and 3 m depth over the bottom from the water surface. The red tide detection was highly from early August to half of September, since its highest peak with a maximum frequency inside the Eastern Harbor. The examined cultures samples isolated during red tide had four dominant species. Peroxidase profile showed an expression pattern of three loci (Px1, Px2, and Px3) in most species. The Px2 was the only heterozygous locus among the three loci in all species. Protein profiling showed that 17 bands out of 65 were specific to the species. The phylogenetic relationships derived from profiles of protein and 18S rRNA gene operon sequences for the four isolated species were mostly similar. We identified the four dominant HABs species asAplanochytriumsp.,Chlamydomonassp.,Cryptophyceaesp., andPsammodictyonsp. based on their 18S rRNA sequences and deposited them at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database.Aplanochytriumsp. is recorded as a red tide causative species for the first time in the screened region despite belonging to the defunct fungi.
Enhancement in soil fertility, early plant growth and nutrition and mycorrhizal colonization by vermicompost application varies with native and exotic tree species
Authors: Xue Jianming , Bakker Mark R. , Milin Sylvie , Graham Doug 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of vermicompost on tree-soil systems is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer, compost and vermicompost on soil enzymatic activities, seedling mycorrhizal colonization, growth and nutrition of one exotic tree species (radiata pine, Pinus radiata D. Don) and two native tree species (mānuka, Leptospermum scoparium and tōtara, Podocarpus totara).

Methods
A 12-month-long pot trial was set up in the glasshouse with a factorial design of three tree species (radiata pine, tōtara and manuka) by six treatments, including T1-control, T2-chemical fertilizer, T3-HS compost, T4-HS vermicompost, T5-LS vermicompost and T6-CM vermicompost. We assessed the main effects and interactions of treatment and species on soil chemical and biological properties, plant growth and nutritional responses.

Results
Compared to the untreated control (T1), application of vermicomposts (T4-T6) and compost (T3) significantly improved soil chemical properties and enzymatic activities, and increased total seedling dry weight by 160–260%, shoot concentrations of nitrogen (N) by 54–97% and phosphorus (P) by 61–91%. Vermicomposts were comparable to diammonium phosphate (DAP) applied at 133 kg N ha−1 (T2) in stimulating the growth of native species (mānuka and tōtara) without negative impact on mycorrhizal colonization, with T5 being better than DAP (T2) in promoting mānuka growth. However, application of vermicompost alone was less effective than DAP in stimulating the exotic radiata pine growth. Overall, soil activities of dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase were significantly and positively correlated to total C and N and exchangeable Ca and Mg.

Conclusion
The increased growth of three tree species after application of vermicomposts was mainly related to improved N and P nutrition associated with enhanced root growth and soil enzymatic activities. Our findings imply that the vermicomposting products from septic tank waste could be a promising alternative to inorganic fertilizers in land application or greenhouse potting media of native tree species.
Indigenous artefacts and physics curriculum: teaching science as a cultural way of knowing
Authors: Mashoko Dominic 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article considers science teaching and learning as may be understood through the integration of indigenous artefacts into physics curriculum in Zimbabwean schools. It comments significance of and elaborates on the issues raised in Nadaraj Govender and Edson Mudzamiri’s paper entitled: Incorporating indigenous artefacts in developing an integrated indigenous-pedagogical model in high school physics curriculum: views of elders, teachers and learners. At the outset, I examine the study’s conceptualisation of the terms indigenous knowledge (IK) and school science. Then, I offer an alternative view on the findings in light of theubuntutheoretical framework, as used in other studies. The article foregrounds theoretical and methodological arguments put forward by Govender and Mudzamiri for the incorporation of IK artefacts with physics education in schools. After that, I analyse the applicability of the article’s proposed integrated indigenous physics pedagogical model in the school curriculum. The paper ends with the contention that school science should be taught as a cultural way of knowing rather mere facts divorced from learners’ culture.
Why International Criminal Law Can and Should be Conceived With Supra-Positive Law: The Non-Positivistic Nature of International Criminal Legality
Authors: Pastor Muñoz Nuria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternational criminal law (ICL) is an achievement, but at the same time a challenge to the traditional conception of the principle of legality (lex praevia, scripta, and stricta – Sect. 1). International criminal tribunals have often based conviction for international crimes on unwritten norms the existence and scope of which they have failed to substantiate. In so doing, they have evaded the objection that they were applying ex post facto criminal laws. This approach, the relaxation of the concept of law by including norms whose existence is doubtful, has apparently served to maintain a concept of strict legality, but it is unsatisfying (Sect. 2). In my opinion, the strict principle of legality that has linked its absolute validity to the positivity of law is not the correct premise. It makes sense to state that positivity and validity do not necessarily go hand in hand (Sect. 3). Applied to ICL, this means that it is neither necessary nor convincing to “conceal” supra-positive law as positive law, as some decisions of the international criminal tribunals do. For this reason, I consider that Radbruch’s formula, consisting in admitting that there are supra-positive limits which positive law must respect in order to be valid, is well-founded (Sect. 4). The path taken by this significant philosopher of law is methodologically convincing, and it squarely faces the problem of the value of positive law. Nevertheless, if we admit Radbruch’s formula and thereby the limited value of positive law (if we claim that the validity of the law depends on it respecting supra-positive minimums of justice), we must also face the problem of the definition of supra-positive values, the epistemological difficulties of having access to them (Sect. 5), and the question of the scope and enforceability of supra-positive law (Sect. 6). In summary, this article aims to explain why Radbruch’s formula offers a convincing conceptual basis for international criminal legality and, in doing so, aims to contribute to the discussion about the foundations of ICL.