bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic dual dynamic programming for multistage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear optimization
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , Sun Xu Andy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study multistage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MS-MINLP). This general class of problems encompasses, as important special cases, multistage stochastic convex optimization with non-Lipschitzian value functions and multistage stochastic mixed-integer linear optimization. We develop stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) type algorithms with nested decomposition, deterministic sampling, and stochastic sampling. The key ingredient is a new type of cuts based on generalized conjugacy. Several interesting classes of MS-MINLP are identified, where the new algorithms are guaranteed to obtain the global optimum without the assumption of complete recourse. This significantly generalizes the classic SDDP algorithms. We also characterize the iteration complexity of the proposed algorithms. In particular, for a $$(T+1)$$

(
T
+
1
)

-stage stochastic MINLP satisfying L-exact Lipschitz regularization with d-dimensional state spaces, to obtain an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal root node solution, we prove that the number of iterations of the proposed deterministic sampling algorithm is upper bounded by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{2LT}{\varepsilon })^d)$$

O
(

(

2
L
T

ε

)

d

)

, and is lower bounded by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{LT}{4\varepsilon })^d)$$

O
(

(

LT

4
ε

)

d

)

for the general case or by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{LT}{8\varepsilon })^{d/2-1})$$

O
(

(

LT

8
ε

)

d
/
2
-
1

)

for the convex case. This shows that the obtained complexity bounds are rather sharp. It also reveals that the iteration complexity depends polynomially on the number of stages. We further show that the iteration complexity depends linearly on T, if all the state spaces are finite sets, or if we seek a $$(T\varepsilon )$$

(
T
ε
)

-optimal solution when the state spaces are infinite sets, i.e. allowing the optimality gap to scale with T. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that reports global optimization algorithms as well as iteration complexity results for solving such a large class of multistage stochastic programs. The iteration complexity study resolves a conjecture by the late Prof. Shabbir Ahmed in the general setting of multistage stochastic mixed-integer optimization.
Prospects and problems: considerations for smallholder cattle grazing in oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Bremer Jori A. , Lobry de Bruyn Lisa A. , Smith R. Geoff B. , Darsono Wahyu , Soedjana Tjeppy D. , Cowley Frances C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent Indonesian beef production only meets 45% of local demand. Increasing local beef production through integration of cattle production in pre-existing oil palm plantations is a possible solution to meeting this shortfall. The oil palm understorey provides feed, alleviating the need to convert additional land to agriculture. Smallholders are important contributors to both Indonesian cattle and palm oil production. This case study research seeks to understand key aspects of smallholder cattle management in palm oil production areas, to highlight opportunities and barriers to cattle integration. Thirty-nine smallholder cattle farmers from four villages in South Kalimantan were individually interviewed. The lack of alternative feed sources was the major driver towards the adoption of cattle production using oil palm understorey as feed. Cattle grazing was uncontrolled due to labour shortages and occurred in individually owned and ‘plasma’ plantations, with cattle penned at night where possible to avoid theft. Arrangements on land access and use between stakeholders are needed for systematic cattle grazing and to control cattle theft.
Impact of Flame-Generated Turbulent Intensity and Flame Speed on the Low-Order Modelling of Light-Round
Authors: Mesquita Léo C. C. , Ciardiello Roberto , Mastorakos Epaminondas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA previously-developed low-order Lagrangian stochastic model for ignition of premixed and non-premixed flames is modified in this paper to improve the numerical prediction of the light-round process in premixed annular combustors. The model refinements take into account Flame-Generated Turbulent Intensity (FGTI) and impose a turbulent flame speed correlation to the flame particles using expressions from the literature. For this, using RANS CFD results as an input, the model was applied to simulate the ignition transient in a premixed, swirled bluff body stabilised annular combustor to characterise the light-round time, both in stable conditions and close to the stability limits. Several cases were analysed, where flame speed and fuel were varied and light-round times were compared to experimental results. The proposed modifications improved the accuracy of the light-round time predictions, suggesting that FGTI may be an important phenomenon to be modelled. This modified model coupled with dilatation and the Peter’s assumption for the turbulent flame speed resulted in considerable improvement for the light-round time calculation for the explored range of parameters. This is an attractive feature considering the low computational cost of these simulations, which can be run in a single core of a local workstation. The improved model can help gas turbine engineers assess the ignition behaviour of annular combustors early in the design process.
Benchmark study for the simulation of Underground Hydrogen Storage operations
Authors: Hogeweg Sebastian , Strobel Gion , Hagemann Birger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the share of renewable energy sources increased within the last years with an ongoing upward trend, the energy sector is facing the problem of storing large amounts of electrical energy properly. To compensate daily and seasonal fluctuations, a sufficient storage system has to be developed. The storage of hydrogen in the subsurface, referred to as Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS), shows potential to be a solution for this problem. Hydrogen, produced from excess energy via electrolysis, is injected into a subsurface reservoir and withdrawn when required. As hydrogen possesses unique thermodynamic properties, many commonly used correlations can not be simply transferred to a system with a high hydrogen content. Mixing processes with the present fluids are essential to be understood to achieve high storage efficiencies. Additionally, in the past, microbial activity, e.g. by methanogenic archaea, was observed, leading to a changing fluid composition over time. To evaluate the capability of reservoir simulators to cover these processes, the present study establishes a benchmark scenario of an exemplary underground hydrogen storage scenario. The benchmark comprises of a generic sandstone gas reservoir and a typical gas storage schedule is defined. Based on this benchmark, the present study assesses the capabilities of the commercial simulator Schlumberger ECLIPSE and the open-source simulator DuMux to mimic UHS related processes such as hydrodynamics but also microbial activity. While ECLIPSE offers a reasonable mix of user-friendliness and computation time, DuMux allows for a better adjustment of correlations and the implementation of biochemical reactions. The corresponding input data (ECLIPSE format) and relevant results are provided in a repository to allow this simulation study’s reproduction and extension.
Technology and moral change: the transformation of truth and trust
Authors: Danaher John , Sætra Henrik Skaug 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnologies can have profound effects on social moral systems. Is there any way to systematically investigate and anticipate these potential effects? This paper aims to contribute to this emerging field on inquiry through a case study method. It focuses on two core human values—truth and trust—describes their structural properties and conceptualisations, and then considers various mechanisms through which technology is changing and can change our perspective on those values. In brief, the paper argues that technology is transforming these values by changing the costs/benefits of accessing them; allowing us to substitute those values for other, closely-related ones; increasing their perceived scarcity/abundance; and disrupting traditional value-gatekeepers. This has implications for how we study other, technologically-mediated, value changes.
Skinny kelp (Saccharina angustissima) provides valuable genetics for the biomass improvement of farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima)
Authors: Li Yaoguang , Umanzor Schery , Ng Crystal , Huang Mao , Marty-Rivera Michael , Bailey David , Aydlett Margaret , Jannink Jean-Luc , Lindell Scott , Yarish Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSaccharina latissima (sugar kelp) is one of the most widely cultivated brown marine macroalgae species in the North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific Oceans. To meet the expanding demands of the sugar kelp mariculture industry, selecting and breeding sugar kelp that is best suited to offshore farm environments is becoming necessary. To that end, a multi-year, multi-institutional breeding program was established by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) Macroalgae Research Inspiring Novel Energy Resources (MARINER) program. Hybrid sporophytes were generated using 203 unique gametophyte cultures derived from wild-collected Saccharina spp. for two seasons of farm trials (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). The wild sporophytes were collected from 10 different locations within the Gulf of Maine (USA) region, including both sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and the skinny kelp species (Saccharina angustissima). We harvested 232 common farm plots during these two seasons with available data. We found that farmed kelp plots with skinny kelp as parents had an average increased yield over the mean (wet weight 2.48 ± 0.90 kg m−1 and dry weight 0.32 ± 0.10 kg m−1) in both growing seasons. We also found that blade length positively correlated with biomass in skinny kelp x sugar kelp crosses or pure sugar kelp crosses. The skinny x sugar progenies had significantly longer and narrower blades than the pure sugar kelp progenies in both seasons. Overall, these findings suggest that sugar x skinny kelp crosses provide improved yield compared to pure sugar kelp crosses.
Effect of quantitative versus qualitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring on rocuronium consumption in patients undergoing abdominal and gynecological surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Blum Lea Valeska , Steeger Ellen , Iken Sonja , Lotz Gösta , Zinn Sebastian , Piekarski Florian , Zacharowski Kai , Raimann Florian Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe level of neuromuscular blockade can be assessed by subjective (qualitative) and objective (quantitative) methods. This study aims to compare the dosage of the neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) rocuronium and the need for reversion by sugammadex between those methods. A retrospective, observational analysis was conducted. In the tactile qualitative-neuromuscular monitoring-group (tactile NMM) (n = 244), muscle contractions were assessed tactilely. In the quantitative neuromuscular monitoring-group (n = 295), contractions were accessed using an acceleromyograph. Primary endpoints were dosage of rocuronium per minute operation-time (milligram per kilogram bodyweight per minute (mg/kgBW/min)), count of repeated rocuronium administrations and use of sugammadex. Secondary endpoints were: NMM use before repeated NMBA application or extubation, time to extubation, post-operative oxygen demand. A total of n = 539 patients were included. n = 244 patients were examined with tactile NMM and 295 patients by quantitative NMM. Quantitative NMM use resulted in significantly lower rocuronium dosing (tactile NMM: 0.01 (± 0.007) mg/kgBW/min vs. quantitative NMM: 0.008 (± 0.006) mg/kgBW/min (p < 0.001)). In quantitative NMM use fewer repetitions of rocuronium application were necessary (tactile NMM: 83% (n = 202) vs. quantitative NMM: 71% (n = 208) p = 0.007). Overall, 24% (n = 58) in the tactile NMM-group, and 20% (n = 60) in the quantitative NMM-group received sugammadex ((p = 0.3), OR: 1.21 (0.81–1.82)). Significantly fewer patients in the quantitative NMM-group required oxygen-supply postoperative (quantitative NMM: 43% (n = 120)) vs. tactile NMM: 57% (n = 128)) (p = 0.002). The use of quantitative assessment of NMBA results in a lower overall dosage and requires fewer repetitions of rocuronium application. Therefore, quantitative monitoring systems should be used to monitor NMBA intraoperatively to reduce NMBA dosing, while achieving continuous neuromuscular blockade.
Exploring the Contextual Factors of Religious Leader Participation in Health Communication: Evidence from a Qualitative Study in Sierra Leone
Authors: Luetke Lanfer Hanna , Rossmann Constanze , Kargbo Sorie Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs there are many and sometimes ambivalent intersections of health and religion, strategic collaborations with religious opinion leaders in health campaigns have been increasingly explored. Despite the known influence of distinct contextual factors within emergency and non-emergency settings, existing research seldom distinguishes between those different factors and their impact on the inclusion of religious leaders as health messengers. To compare the contextual factors of religious leaders as health messengers during emergency and non-emergency situations in a setting with high religious affiliations, this study used a qualitative approach and triangulated the perspectives of three different samples, including (religious) opinion leaders, members of religious communities, and developers of health communication strategies in Sierra Leone. The results provide multifaceted insights into contextual factors applicable to emergency and non-emergency settings as well as the risks and opportunities. Recommendations for the incorporation of religious leaders in health promotion activities in consideration of different contextual factors are provided.
Computing Conjugate Barrier Information for Nonsymmetric Cones
Authors: Kapelevich Lea , Andersen Erling D. , Vielma Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe recent interior point algorithm by Dahl and Andersen [10] for nonsymmetric cones as well as earlier works [18, 21] require derivative information from the conjugate of the barrier function of the cones in the problem. Besides a few special cases, there is no indication of when this information is efficient to evaluate. We show how to compute the gradient of the conjugate barrier function for seven useful nonsymmetric cones. In some cases, this is helpful for deriving closed-form expressions for the inverse Hessian operator for the primal barrier.
REMARKS ON GENERALIZED HILBERT OPERATORS
Authors: Blasco Oscar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven a regular measure $$\eta \in M([0,1))$$

η
∈
M
(
[
0
,
1
)
)

and an analytic function $$g\in {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

g
∈
H
(
D
)

, we define $$H(\eta ,g)(z)=\int _0^1g(tz)d\eta (t)$$

H

(
η
,
g
)

(
z
)

=

∫
0
1

g

(
t
z
)

d
η

(
t
)

and study its boundedness from $$X\times Y$$

X
×
Y

into Z where $$X\subset M([0,1))$$

X
⊂
M
(
[
0
,
1
)
)

and $$Y,Z\subset {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

Y
,
Z
⊂
H
(
D
)

are the Hardy spaces. We shall analyze the case $$X=L^p([0,1))$$

X
=

L
p

(

[
0
,
1
)

)

and characterize the functions $$g\in {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

g
∈
H
(
D
)

such that $$H_g$$

H
g

maps $$L^p([0,1))$$

L
p

(

[
0
,
1
)

)

into $$H^p(\mathbb {D})$$

H
p

(
D
)

where $$H_g(\eta )=H(\eta , g)$$

H
g

(
η
)

=
H

(
η
,
g
)

.
Vulnerabilities Prompting Use of Technology and Screen by Mothers of Autistic Children in India: Lived Experiences and Comparison to Scientific Literature
Authors: Lal Seema Girija , Syurina Elena , González Laura Pilz , Bally Esmée L. S. , Gopikumar Vandana , Bunders-Aelen J. G. F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnology and screen media has its place in every home, yet the influences of the same are less known. This research aims to explore the vulnerabilities that prompt the mothers to use screen media for their children, prior to a diagnosis of autism for their child. It also aims to explore literature the influence of screen media on speech and language development in children. This study combined semi-structured interviews with 16 mothers of autistic children in Southern India and a scoping literature review that resulted in 24 articles. The literature refers to a positive influence when co-viewing with the child, and it predominantly highlights improvements in speech and not in language. The interviews revealed that screens were used as a means of support, a language and learning development tool, or as a calming technique. Thus, the study shows that the mothers resorted to screen use for their children more out of helplessness, and not as an informed choice. Mothers of autistic children clearly express their vulnerabilities and indicate feelings of being lost without advice, with regard to use of screen-time. This suggests a need for more research into how they can be supported.
Division Does Not Imply Predictability: Demographics Continue to Reveal Little About Voting and Partisanship
Authors: Kim Seo-young Silvia , Zilinsky Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat are the political consequences of ongoing social sorting? We evaluate the degree of social sorting and mass polarization using the predictability of partisanship and voting decisions as quantities of interest. Contrary to expectations, demographic sorting has not produced a very predictable electorate. Models trained on nothing more than demographic labels from public opinion surveys (1952–2020) predict only 63.9% of two-party vote choices and 63.4% of partisan IDs correctly out-of-sample—whether they be based on logistic regressions or tree-based machine learning models. Moreover, demographics’ predictive power over vote choice or partisan affiliation shows a surprising stability over time. We argue that while select demographics’ marginal effects may appear to be evidence of social sorting, the joint predictability of political behavior using only demographic characteristics has been, and still is, modest at best.
Game-Theoretic Approach to Hölder Regularity for PDEs Involving Eigenvalues of the Hessian
Authors: Blanc Pablo , Han Jeongmin , Parviainen Mikko , Ruosteenoja Eero 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove a local Hölder estimate for any exponent $0<\delta <\frac {1}{2}$
0
<
δ
<

1

2

for solutions of the dynamic programming principle $$ \begin{array}{@{}rcl@{}} u^{\varepsilon} (x) = \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \alpha_{j} \underset{\dim(S)=j}{\inf} \underset{|v|=1}{\underset{v\in S}{\sup}} \frac{u^{\varepsilon} (x + \varepsilon v) + u^{\varepsilon} (x - \varepsilon v)}{2} \end{array} $$

u

ε

(
x
)
=

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

inf

dim
(
S
)
=
j

sup

v
∈
S

|
v
|
=
1

u

ε

(
x
+
ε
v
)
+

u

ε

(
x
−
ε
v
)

2

with α1,αn > 0 and α2,⋯ ,αn− 1 ≥ 0. The proof is based on a new coupling idea from game theory. As an application, we get the same regularity estimate for viscosity solutions of the PDE $$ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} \alpha_{i} \lambda_{i}(D^{2}u)=0, $$

∑

i
=
1

n

α

i

λ

i

(

D

2

u
)
=
0
,

where λ1(D2u) ≤⋯ ≤ λn(D2u) are the eigenvalues of the Hessian.
Yield sensing technologies for perennial and annual horticultural crops: a review
Authors: Longchamps Louis , Tisseyre Bruno , Taylor James , Sagoo Lizzie , Momin Abdul , Fountas Spyros , Manfrini Luigi , Ampatzidis Yiannis , Schueller John K. , Khosla Raj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYield maps provide a detailed account of crop production and potential revenue of a farm. This level of details enables a range of possibilities from improving input management, conducting on-farm experimentation, or generating profitability map, thus creating value for farmers. While this technology is widely available for field crops such as maize, soybean and grain, few yield sensing systems exist for horticultural crops such as berries, field vegetable or orchards. Nevertheless, a wide range of techniques and technologies have been investigated as potential means of sensing crop yield for horticultural crops. This paper reviews yield monitoring approaches that can be divided into proximal, either direct or indirect, and remote measurement principles. It reviews remote sensing as a way to estimate and forecast yield prior to harvest. For each approach, basic principles are explained as well as examples of application in horticultural crops and success rate. The different approaches provide whether a deterministic (direct measurement of weight for instance) or an empirical (capacitance measurements correlated to weight for instance) result, which may impact transferability. The discussion also covers the level of precision required for different tasks and the trend and future perspectives. This review demonstrated the need for more commercial solutions to map yield of horticultural crops. It also showed that several approaches have demonstrated high success rate and that combining technologies may be the best way to provide enough accuracy and robustness for future commercial systems.
How do insider trading incentives shape nonfinancial disclosures? Evidence from product and business expansion disclosures
Authors: He Guanming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNonfinancial disclosures of product and business expansion planning occur frequently in practice and are an important vehicle by which managers convey corporate information to outsiders. However, little is known about how the opportunistic incentives of managers affect the choice of such nonfinancial disclosures. This study examines whether managers make their nonfinancial disclosures strategically for self-serving trading incentives. I find strong and robust evidence to suggest that managers manipulate the timing and selectivity of their nonfinancial disclosures in an attempt to maximize trading profits. Specifically, managers tend to disclose bad (good) news on products or business expansion before purchasing (selling) shares. I also find that such strategic behavior is more evident when the expected price impact of the disclosures is greater and when the CEOs are more powerful. However, I do not find evidence that the strategic behavior is weaker for firms with high institutional stock ownership. Overall, my results contribute to understanding managers’ strategic use of nonfinancial disclosures in fulfilling personal trading incentives, and should be of interest to boards of directors charged with the responsibility of monitoring and restricting opportunistic managerial disclosures and insider trades.
Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Through Twitter: From Topic Model Analysis to Indexes Measuring Communication Characteristics
Authors: Salvatore Camilla , Biffignandi Silvia , Bianchi Annamaria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) highlights the behavior of the business toward CSR and their framework of sustainable development (SD), thus helping policymakers understand the role businesses play with respect to the 2030 Agenda. Despite its importance, this is still a relatively underexamined and emerging topic. In our paper, we focus on what businesses communicate about CSR through social media and how this relates to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We identified the topics discussed on Twitter, their evolution over time, and the differences across sectors. We applied the structural topic model (STM) algorithm, which allowed us to estimate the model, including document-level metadata (time and sector). This model proved to be a powerful tool for topic detection and the estimation of the effects of time and sector on the discussion proportion of the topics. Indeed, we found that the topics were well identified overall, and the model allowed catching signals from the data. We derived CSR communication indexes directly from the topic model (TM) results and propose the use of dissimilarity and homogeneity indexes to describe the communication mix and highlight differences and identify clusters.