bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Echocardiographic Parameters Predict the Missing Link between Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Permanent Pacemakers? (Echocardiography and subclinical AF in permanent pacemaker)
Authors: EL-Dosouky Ibtesam , Ammar Ahmed Shafie , ElSherbiny Islam A , Mahmoud Mohamed M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients on implanted permanent pacemakers frequently develop atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to determine the Echocardiographic and clinical parameters predicting AF in patients with a dual-chamber (DDD) pacemaker.Methods: This retrospective study included 208 patients with permanent pacemaker, classified according to development of AF during follow up into 2 groups: AF (77, 37%) and non AF (131, 63%), baseline: clinical, ECG(P-wave dispersion) and echo {diastolic wall strain (DWS),left arial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular stiffness index(LVSI)} data were assessed.Results: AF group were older with more P wave dispersion, lesser DWS, greater LVSI& LAVI, LVSI at a cut off >0.13 and DWS at a cut off <0.34 were predictors of AF in patients with DDD pacemakers.Conclusion: LVSI and DWS could be used as simple good predictors for AF in patients with DDD pacemakers, for timely initiation of anticoagulants according to CHA2DS2VASc score to decrease ischemic stroke burden.
Quantum Computing Using Chaotic Numbers
Authors: Thakur Usama 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum Mechanics and Computation has a major problem calledthe measurement problem [7] [19]. This has given physicists a very hardtime over the years when I first looked into the problem my approach wassimple find a new number system that can go with the uncertainty of aQuantum particle the paper deals with the mathematics of uncertaintywhich has solved 2 millenium prize problems [4], [5] and quantum measurementproblem very efficiently. We divide chaos into two parts lowchaos and high chaos then we find the desired value [19] inside the intersectionof both. This helps us find something in a ℵ3 >>> ∞ this takesthe problems around us to the next level if we are able to control a chaosthen we can achieve pretty much anything. This paper is inspired by [22]
Screen time and early children's emotional, behavioural and social development: Findings from the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) cohort study
Authors: Lee Bohee , Warner Pamela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There has been limited evidence supporting the association between the quantity of screen time and children's early development. This study aims to examine how the length of screen time, especially with television, was associated with childhood development by analysing the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study.
Methods
We cross-sectionally analysed the GUS birth cohort data of children aged 4 and 6. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score was used to assess the children development. Multivariate binary logistic models were used to evaluate the association between screen time and each SDQ score at ages 4 and 6 and examine the longitudinal impacts of screen time at age 4.
Results
The longitudinal analysis showed that 16.50 hours or more per week at age 4 was significantly associated with hyperactivity/ inattention (Odds ratio (OR): 1.39, 95% CI: 1.05–1.84) and conduct problems (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.89) at age 6. A high level of screen time was associated with increased risks of hyperactivity/ inattention problems at age 4 (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.56) and age 6 (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.10–1.86). Furthermore, the high level of screen time was associated with conduct problems at age 4 (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09–1.82) and age 6 (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.79).
Conclusions
High TV screen time in early childhood was significantly associated with a high risk of behavioural problems. However, we did not analyse the contents of the screen. Further research is needed to incorporate more potential confounders.
Pathophysiology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 mimics neoplastic cells and The Long COVID-19 Syndrome can be a Warburg Effect and ACE-2 internalization consequence
Authors: Zanella Luiz Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Barros D'Elia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article develops the theory involving the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiological mechanisms, based on an extensive literature review, and reinforced by two years of dealing with COVID-19 patients in different footages of the natural history of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the Warburg effect (W.E.), a well-described mechanism in neoplastic cells to obtain energy and substrates to enable cell growth. The W.E. is responsible for characteristic clinical and laboratory findings such as elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, uraemia, and acidosis, in addition to explaining why a specific profile of patients evolves into severe forms of the disease. This article also exposes a hypothesis for maintaining the inflammatory status after acute SARS-COV-2 infection, "The Long COVID-19 Syndrome". Assessment of PubMed platform followed by evaluation of articles that supported issues regarding COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 AND AEROBIC GLYCOLISIS/WARBURG EFFECT. COVID-19 is a biphasic infectious disease (like Yellow Fever, for example) that causes tenacious immune-metabolic changes that impact the inflammatory status. The hyperlactataemia (type B) in COVID-19 is due to the metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis (W.E.), and it can differentiate chronic or acute COVID-19 inflammatory status from septic shock hyperlactatemia, especially when associated with negative cultures. This article brings to the light the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and possibilities for treatment and improvement in the clinical management of patients affected by this severe and catastrophic disease. The COVID-19 signature is the Warburg Effect + ACE-2 + innate response + hypoxia + Phenylalanine (Phe), and Tryptophan (Try) metabolism. The disease’s magnitude is directly proportional to the patient's exposure to hypoxia.
Randomized Clinical Trial - Necessity of Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Pharyngeal Observation during Transoral Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hayashi Tomoyuki , Asahina Yoshiro , Takeda Yasuhito , Miyazawa Masaki , Takatori Hajime , Kido Hidenori , Seishima Jun , Iida Noriho , Kitamura Kazuya , Terashima Takeshi , Miyagi Sakae , Toyama Tadashi , Mizukoshi Eishiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Pharyngeal anesthesia’s role in improving observational ability during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is controversial. No randomized controlled trials have evaluated observational ability with and without pharyngeal anesthesia (PA + vs. PA- group) under sedation with midazolam. We report the non-inferiority of the PA- group in the pharyngeal observation success rate.
METHODS
This prospective, single-blinded, randomized study included 500 patients, randomly allocated to PA + or PA- groups (250 cases/group), undergoing transoral upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under intravenous sedation with midazolam.
RESULTS
The pharyngeal observation success rate was 72.0% and 84.0% in the PA- and PA + groups, respectively; non-inferiority in PA- group was not observed (p = 0.707). In the PA- group, observable sites were fewer (8.33 vs 8.86, p = 0.006), time was longer (67.2 vs. 58.2 s, p = 0.001), and pain scores were higher. Image quality at the posterior wall of oropharynx, vocal fold and pyriform sinus was significantly inferior in PA- group. Subgroup analysis showed a higher sedation level (Ramsay score ≥ 5); no differences in the pharyngeal observation success rate were observed between the groups.
CONCLUSION
Pharyngeal anesthesia may improve pharyngeal observation ability in the hypopharynx and reduce pain. However, this difference may be reduced with deeper sedation.
The SWOT analysis of online medical teaching in the context of "Internet Plus" during epidemic prevention and control
Authors: Duan Nengliang , Gao Zhixiang , Liu Xiaolong , Qian Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionAt the end of 2019, a new coronavirus suddenly swept the world. In order to prevent the epidemic from spreading to the campus, China's Ministry of Education asked all universities to postpone the opening of school. With the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet has inevitably become an important teaching way during the epidemic. Online face-to-face communication technology and a wide range of medical network open courses provide convenient teaching conditions for medical students and teachers, but also put forward a great challenge to the traditional medical teaching.MethodsBy summarizing the teaching situation of our hospital during the epidemic, SWOT analysis was used to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of network medical education, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.ResultsCompared with traditional medical teaching, internet teaching has its advanced and desirable aspects, which is manifested in obvious teaching convenience and rich resources. However, there are also some defects that are difficult to make up in a short time due to the imperfect network development and the distance between teachers and students.Conclusion"Internet + education" is the inevitable direction of modern medical teaching reform and development, especially in the special period of epidemic prevention and control. In order to ensure the teaching progress and quality, online teaching is bound to become one of the most effective measures at this stage. This requires medical colleges to actively do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, make full use of Internet resources, strengthen the teacher team-building, improve the assessment and evaluation system and the comprehensive quality of medical students.
Land Management Criteria for Green Building Certification Systems in Turkey
Authors: Erdede Sevim Bilge , Bektaş Sebahattin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The energy issue is of great importance for energy dependent countries like Turkey. Some legislative regulations such as the Energy Efficiency Law and the Energy Performance Regulation of Building have recently been made in our country. Although the Energy Performance Certificate for buildings has been put into practice, a national green building certification system is not available yet. Worldwide valid certification systems and parts of the certification systems regarding land management that are tried to be established in Turkey were examined to determine the survey questions and in line with this, a literature review was performed. The experts in Turkey were interviewed to gather ideas and insights. By listing the answers from these experts using the AHP method, the criteria and sub-criteria of land method were determined. In this study, a green building certification system to be established in our country was discussed under the category of land management to which great importance has been attached, especially by survey engineers, and the criteria under this category has been identified. A survey was conducted to determine these criteria, and the results were examined. The subcriteria of the category of land management were identified, and their weights were calculated.
The effect of composition on chlorine solubility and behavior in silicate melts
Authors: Thomas Richard W. , Wood Bernard J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have performed experiments at 1.5 GPa and 1400 °C on 25 different bulk compositions to determine the effects of major element compositions on the Cl contents of silicate melts at known fugacities of Cl2 and O2. The experimental method involved mixing a “sliding” Cl buffer, a mixture of AgCl, AgI, and Ag with the silicate bulk composition and performing the experiment in a graphite capsule together with a source of CO2 (AgCO3). The graphite capsules were sealed inside welded Pt tubes to maintain a CO2-CO atmosphere with oxygen fugacity fixed at the C-CO-CO2 (CCO) buffer. During the experiment, the Cl buffer segregates leaving a Cl-bearing melt, which quenches to a glass. We used the results to define chloride capacity CCl for each melt at the pressure and temperature of the experiment:
C Cl = Cl ( wt% ) f ( Cl 2 ) + f O 2 4
Chloride capacity was found to correlate positively with optical basicity and NBO/T and negatively with ionic porosity and the Larsen index. We combined our new data with the results of Thomas and Wood (2021) to derive an equation describing the composition, pressure and temperature dependence of the chloride capacity:
log ⁡ C C l = 1.604 + ( 4470 X C a − 3430 X S i + 2592 X F e − 4092 X K − 894 P ) / T .
In this equation, XCa, XSi, and so on refer to the oxide mole fractions on a single-cation basis, P is in GPa and T in K. The equation reproduces 58 data points with an r2 of 0.96 and a standard error of 0.089. The addition of literature data on hydrous experiments indicates that the effects of &lt;4.3 wt% H2O are small enough to be ignored. We also performed experiments aimed at determining the conditions of NaCl saturation in melts. When combined with literature data we obtained:
log ⁡ ( C l − ) = log ⁡ ( a N a C l ) + 0.06 − ( 2431 X C a + 3430 X S i − 2592 X F e + 3484 X N a + 4092 X K − 2417 ) / T
where (Cl–) is the Cl content of the melt in wt% aNaCl is the activity of NaCl (liquid) and the other symbols are the same as before. The results indicate that basalt dissolves ~8 times more Cl than rhyolite at a given NaCl activity i.e., Cl is ~8 times more soluble in basalt than in rhyolite.
Do farmers perceive climate change clearly? An analysis of meteorological data and farmers’ perceptions in the sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India
Authors: Datta Pritha , Behera Bhagirath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFarmers must clearly perceive climate change to implement autonomous adaptations and support planned adaptation and mitigation initiatives. Based on the primary data collected from 300 farming households of the sub-Himalayan West Bengal of India, the present study compared farmers’ perceptions with meteorological trends obtained through a combination of statistical and graphical tests. Many farmers declared a change in local climate, and farmers’ perceptions mostly cognate the increasing summer temperature and decreasing monsoon precipitation from 1991 to 2020. However, a greater level of imperfect perceptions was observed for the winter temperature rise. Overall, only 23% of farmers were able to clearly perceive all the changes in climatic conditions. A binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the determining factors of farmers’ clear perceptions, and results showed that farmers who are younger, male, read newspapers, and experienced elephant crop-raiding perceived the changes more accurately. Whereas access to television and irrigation facilities decreased the probability of perceiving climate change accurately. The study recommends that bridging the knowledge gap between farmers and stakeholders is necessary for this region, which could be achieved by disseminating accurate weather information in combination with agricultural advice and targeted initiatives, especially for the older and female farmers.
Modeling of suspended sediment concentrations by artificial neural network and adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system method–study of five largest basins in Eastern Algeria
Authors: Zeyneb Tamrabet , Nadir Marouf , Boualem Remini 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Prediction of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in arid and semi-arid areas has aroused increasing interest in recent years because of its primary role in water resources planning and management. Today, given its simplicity and reliability, SSC modeling by artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are the most developed and widely used methods. The main aim of this study is suspended sediment concentrations modeling using ANN and ANFIS methods at the five largest basins in eastern Algeria: the Constantinois Coastal, Highlands, Kébir-Rhumel, Seybouse, and Soummam basin, which are characterized by high water erosion and a lack of SSC measurements. An application was given for historical time series: liquid flows Ql and solid flows Qs as inputs, and daily SSC as outputs, for the 14 hydrometric stations controlling the entire area. The best models were achieved using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) feed forward networks (FFN) trained with a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for ANN modeling and a first-order Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) FFN with a hybrid learning method for ANFIS modeling. The reliability of the created models was evaluated using five validation criteria: determination coefficient R2, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient NSE, mean square error MSE, root-mean-square error RMSE, and the mean absolute error MAE. The ANN and ANFIS models showed high accuracy, confirmed by excellent R2 values ranging from 0.77 to 0.98. The NSE ranged from 0.67 to 0.97. The error values were very good, the MAE varies from 0.004 g/L to 0.028 g/L for both models. The comparison of the ANN and ANFIS models revealed that ANN models slightly outperformed the ANFISs; both of them had high accuracy in SSC prediction.
Antimicrobial Benefits of Flavonoids and their Nanoformulations
Authors: Salatin Sara , Bazmani Ahad , Shahi Shahriar , Naghili Behrooz , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Nowadays, there is an urgent need to discover and develop long-term and effective antimicrobial and
biofilm-inhibiting compounds. Employing combination therapies using novel drug delivery systems and also
natural antimicrobial substances is a promising strategy in this field. Nanoparticles (NPs)-based materials have
become well appreciated in recent times due to their function as antimicrobial agents or carriers for promoting
the bioavailability and effectiveness of antibiotics. Flavonoids belong to the promising groups of bioactive
compounds abundantly found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants with strong antimicrobial features.
Flavonoids and NPs have the potential to work as alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents,
when used alone as well as in combination. Different classes of flavonoid NPs may be particularly advantageous
in treating microbial infections. The most important antimicrobial mechanisms of flavonoid NPs include
oxidative stress induction, non-oxidative mechanisms, and metal ion release. However, the efficacy of flavonoid
NPs against pathogens and drug-resistant pathogens changes according to their physicochemical characteristics
as well as the particular structure of microbial cell wall and enzymatic composition. In this review, we provide
an outlook on the antimicrobial mechanism of flavonoid-based NPs and the crucial factors involved in it.
Potential of 24-Propylcholestrol as Immunity Inducer against Infection of
COVID-19 Virus: In Silico Study Immunomodulatory Drugs
Authors: Kurnia Dikdik , Wiani Ika , Zainuddin Achmad , Windaryanti Devi , Sondang Gabriel Christine 
Published: May 2022

Background:
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has infected millions of people and caused hundreds
of thousands of deaths worldwide. However, until now no specific drug for SARS-CoV-2 infection
has been found. This prompted many researchers to explore compounds as anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates.
One of the efforts to deal with the spread of the COVID-19 virus is to increase the body's
immune system (immune). Medicinal plants are known to have the ability as immune-modulators,
one of which is Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) which has good activity as antibacterial, antioxidant, and
anti-viral with other pharmacological effects. An in silico approach in drug development was used
to search for potential antiviral compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Protein, RBD, and
Non-structural Protein (NSP15).

Objective::
This study aimed to determine the potential of Betel leaf compounds as immunemodulators
and good inhibitory pathways against COVID-19.

Methods:
In this study, a potential screening of steroid class compounds, namely 24-
propilcholesterol was carried out as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidate, using an in silico approach
with molecular docking simulations for three receptors that play an important role in COVID-19,
namely Mpro SARS-CoV-2, RBD SARS-CoV-2 and a non-structural protein (NSP15) and were
compared with Azithromycin, Favipiravir and Ritonavir as positive controls.

Results:
Based on the results of molecular docking simulations, compound from Betel leaf, 24-
Propylcholesterol, showed high binding affinity values for spike glycoprotein RBD and nonstructural
protein 15 (NSP15), namely -7.5 and -7.8 kcal/mol. Meanwhile, a native ligand of Mpro,
inhibitor N3, has a higher binding affinity value than 24-propylcholesterol -7.4 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:
24-Propylcholesterol compound predicted to have potential as an anti-SARS-CoV-2
compound. However, it is necessary to carry out in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the effectiveness
of the compound as an anti-SARS-CoV-2.
Comprehensive Update on Synthetic Aspects of Bosentan Derivatives
Authors: Panchal Jigar , Panchal Ashima , Jain Sonika , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Bosentan and its analogues were first reported as endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists in
US patent No. 5, 292,740 in 1994. Bosentan synthesis has been reported by employing different
methods from the reaction between (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2,2'-bipyrimidine and 4-
(tert-butyl) benzenesulfonamide and 4-(tert-butyl)-N-(6-chloro-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2'-
bipyrimidin]-4-yl) benzenesulfonamide in the form of different salts like potassium salt, ammonium
salt, sodium salt, and free, on its reaction with ethylene glycol. Several changes have been observed in
the chemistry of the involved intermediate synthesis, particularly coupling chemistry, to produce
bosentan derivatives with high purity and yield.
Reduction of ACE2 Serum Concentrations by Telbivudine in
Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Huang Ya-Hui , Yeh Chau-Ting , Hsu Chao-Wei , Lin Yang-Hsiang 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has wreaked havoc worldwide since December
2019. Currently, no effective medical treatments have been approved. As the epidemic
continues to spread, SARS-CoV-2 mutants emerge, some of which become more
infectious with increasing vaccine resistance. The main route for SARS-CoV-2 to enter
the host cells is by binding its spike protein to the host receptor, angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (ACE2). Besides the membrane-bound form of ACE2, the soluble form of
ACE2 (sACE2) can also bind SARS-CoV-2 for viral endocytosis.

Objective:
Previously, we found that telbivudine reduced the concentrations of ACE1 in
blood. Therefore, we speculated that this drug might also reduce the concentrations of
sACE2.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, serum samples from 39 hepatitis B patients
receiving telbivudine were collected and examined for sACE2 concentrations using an
ELISA kit.

Results:
It was found that the serum concentrations of sACE2 were significantly
declined in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with telbivudine.

Conclusion:
Telbivudine treatment reduced sACE2 concentrations, which could
potentially reduce the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2.