bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Determinants of Glucagon-like Peptide Secretion by the Intestinal L cell
Authors: Brubaker Patricia L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The intestinal L cell secretes a diversity of biologically active hormones, most notably the glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2. The highly successful introduction of GLP-1-based drugs into the clinic for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and of a GLP-2 analog for patients with short bowel syndrome, has led to the suggestion that stimulation of the endogenous secretion of these peptides may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in these conditions. Situated in the intestinal epithelium, the L cell demonstrates complex relationships with not only circulating, paracrine, and neural regulators, but also ingested nutrients and other factors in the lumen, most notably the microbiota. The integrated input from these numerous secretagogues results in a variety of temporal patterns in L cell secretion, ranging from minutes to 24 hours. This review combines the findings of traditional, physiological studies with those using newer molecular approaches to describe what is known and what remains to be elucidated after 5 decades of research on the intestinal L cell and its secreted peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2.
Irish Canallers and the Second Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley
Authors: Regan Joe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores the lower Mississippi valley's antebellum history to uncover the role of Irish immigrant laborers in the riverine economy of the Cotton Kingdom. In particular, this article examines the experience of Irish laborers as canallers and ditchers on plantations and internal improvement projects, which drew thousands of Irish immigrants into the interior of the Mississippi valley in the decades before the American Civil War. Scholars will better understand the experience of these Irish laborers through the lens of “the second slavery,” which helps point the way to a broader comprehension of the employment of free labor in the antebellum South. This article demonstrates that Irish immigrants were a manifestation of the labor demands of the second slavery, and through their toil, they helped ensure that US cotton reached the global market.
Duration of Prophylactic Levetiracetam After Surgery for Brain Tumor: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Rahman Maryam , Eisenschenk Stephan , Melnick Kaitlyn , Wang Yu , Heaton Shelley , Ghiaseddin Ashley , Hodik Marcia , McGrew Nina , Smith Jessica , Murad Greg , Roper Steven , Cibula Jean 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Levetiracetam is commonly used as a prophylactic antiseizure medication in patients undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors.

OBJECTIVE:
To quantitate side effects experienced in patients treated with 1 week vs 6 weeks of prophylactic levetiracetam using validated measures for neurotoxicity and depression.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing surgical resection of a supratentorial tumor with no seizure history were randomized within 48 hours of surgery to receive prophylactic levetiracetam for the duration of either 1 or 6 weeks. Patients were given oral levetiracetam extended release 1000 mg during the first part of this study. Owing to drug backorder, patients enrolled later in this study received levetiracetam 500 mg BID. The primary outcome was the change in the neurotoxicity score 6 weeks after drug initiation. The secondary outcome was seizure incidence.

RESULTS:
A total of 81 patients were enrolled and randomized to 1 week (40 patients) or 6 weeks (41 patients) of prophylactic levetiracetam treatment. The neurotoxicity score slightly improved in the overall cohort between baseline and reassessment. There was no significant difference between groups in neurotoxicity or depression scores. Seizure incidence was low in the entire cohort of patients with 1 patient in each arm experiencing a seizure during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION:
The use of prophylactic levetiracetam did not result in significant neurotoxicity or depression when given for either 1 week or 6 weeks. The incidence of seizure after craniotomy for tumor resection is low regardless of duration of therapy.
Addressing the need for an appropriate skilled delivery care workforce in Burundi to support Maternal and Newborn Health Service Delivery Redesign (MNH-Redesign): a sequential study protocol
Authors: Habonimana Desire , Leckcivilize Attakrit , Nicodemo Catia , English Mike 
Published: September 2022

Background Despite Burundi having formed a network of 112 health facilities that provide emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC), the country continues to struggle with high rates of maternal and newborn deaths. There is a dearth of empirical evidence on the capacity and performance of EmONC health facilities and on the real needs to inform proper planning and policy. Our study aims to generate evidence on the capacity and performance of EmONC health facilities in Burundi and examine how the country might develop an appropriate skilled delivery care workforce to improve maternal and newborn survival. Methods We will use a sequential design where each study phase serially inputs into the subsequent phase. Three main study phases will be carried out: i) an initial policy document review to explore global norms and local policy intentions for EmONC staffing and ii) a cross-sectional survey of all EmONC health facilities to determine what percent of facilities are functional including geographic and population coverage gaps, identify staffing gaps assessed against norms, and identify other needs for health facility strengthening. Finally, we will conduct surveys in selected schools and ministries to examine training and staffing costs to inform staffing options that might best promote service delivery with adequate budget impacts to increase efficiency. Throughout the study, we will engage stakeholders to provide input into what are reasonable staffing norms as well as feasible staffing alternatives within Burundi’s budget capacity. Analytical models will be used to develop staffing proposals over a realistic policy timeline. Conclusion Evidence-based health planning improves cost-effectiveness and reduces wastage within scarce and resource-constrained contexts. This study will be the first large-scale research in Burundi that builds on stakeholder support to generate evidence on the capacity of designated EmONC health facilities including human resources diagnosis and develop staffing skill-mix tradeoffs for policy discussion.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE MECHANISM FOR OVERCOMING THE RAW MATERIAL ORIENTATION OF THE EXPORT OF KHMAO-YUGRA
Authors: Livenets Mikhaela I. , Andreeva Elena L. 
Published: September 2022

The article identifies and argues the need for the development of international tourism as one of the elements of the mechanism for overcoming the raw material orientation of exports of the KHMAO-Yugra through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials of the authors of scientific papers of similar and related areas, which necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region by developing the tourism services industry on the world market. Based on the analysis of the material presented in this article, the current characteristics of the situation in Yugra are given, recommendations are given on the directions of development of international tourism in the district. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the scientific and practical activities of the regional authorities when considering issues of export diversification through the development of international tourism.
Purpose is to substantiation of the need for the development of international tourism as one of the tools to overcome the raw materials orientation of the export of KhMAO-Yugra and the development of its neo-industrial specialization
Methodology. The opinion and conclusions of the authors are formed through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials, the authors of scientific works of related areas that necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region through the development of the tourism services industry (inbound tourism).
Results. During the analysis of inbound tourism as one of the areas of export diversification, some problems were found. The analysis, assessment of the tourist region of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and substantiation of the main factors and problems that limit the volume of internal and external tourist flows allows us to formulate ways to solve their implementation for the expanded Autonomous Okrug in the field of ethno-tourism. All this gives rise to the prerequisites for the development of business, cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological, sports, water, active, health-improving, developed and auto tourism.
Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied in the scientific and practical activities of regional authorities in addressing issues of export diversification, including through the development of international tourism, will contribute to the development of this area, as well as consideration of other promising ways to diversify exports of goods and services.
AGILE APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Vaganova Olga I. , Lyapin Igor L. , Orlova Lyudmila G. 
Published: September 2022

VUKA-mir imposes new requirements on the competencies of specialists entering the market: the ability to retrain, the development of critical thinking, the ability to adapt to new circumstances, emotional and social intelligence. At the forefront is the flexibility of training, the ability of the educational process to adapt to the needs of participants in teaching activities. The agile approach allows training organizations to quickly respond to environmental changes and improve the training process in accordance with the requirements of employers. The implementation of the agile approach is carried out in a divergent state, since it is characterized by improvisation, collective decisions, variability, and diversity. Using this approach will allow you to organize a group of people for greenfield projects aimed at creating a new, previously unknown product. The use of the agile approach develops students’ independence, professional competencies, and ensures cooperation. Effective implementation of the agile approach is based on the principles of iteration, collaboration, and a culture of interaction. The introduction of an agile approach to the organization of the educational process will allow us to prepare versatile and creative specialists who are ready for changing circumstances and are able to adapt to new conditions.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to describe the features of the agile approach in the educational process, its impact on further professional activity.
Methodology. The article analyzes the features of using the agile approach in educational activities, systematizes and deduces the data obtained.
Results. The basic principles of the organization of the agile-approach in the effective implementation of the educational process are disclosed.
Practical implications. The introduction of an agile approach to the organization of the educational process will make it possible to prepare universal and creative specialists who are able to quickly re-account, think critically, adapt to new circumstances, and have emotional and social intelligence.
Macunaíma: o prazer lúdico do texto
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita 
Published: September 2022

RESUMOO artigo analisa a importância da presença do elemento lúdico na composição do emblemático romance do Modernismo brasileiro, Macunaíma o herói sem nenhum caráter (1928), de Mário de Andrade. Desenvolve o argumento segundo o qual o elemento lúdico confere coerência e verossimilhança ao texto, participando de todos os níveis da obra, desde suas origens – matéria prima reescrita e reinventada por Mário de Andrade –, passando pela organização do sintagma narrativo, até a caracterização do herói, que pertence ao campo simbólico do romance. É ainda o componente lúdico que torna possível o riso ambivalente de Macunaíma, registrando no texto a dialética do sério-cômico (Telê Porto Ancona Lopez). A perspectiva adotada apoia-se na metodologia da análise narrativa de Gérard Genette, nos ensaios de Johan Huizinga e Mikhail Bakhtin que exploram, respectivamente, a presença do lúdico no mito e na poesia e a ambivalência do cômico popular, dialogando com a fortuna crítica do romance. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Macunaíma; Mário de Andrade; Análise narrativa; Cômico popular SUMMARYThe article analyzes the importance of the ludic element in the composition of the emblematic novel of Brazilian modernism, Macunaíma the hero without a character (1928), by Mário de Andrade. It develops the argument according to which the comic element confers coherence and verisimilitude to the text, participating in all levels of the work, from its origins – raw material rewritten and reinvented by Mário de Andrade –, through the organization of the narrative syntagm, until the characterization of the hero, which belongs to the symbolic field of the novel. It is also the ludic element that makes Macunaíma's ambivalent laughter possible, registering in the text the dialectic of the serious-comic. The perspective adopted is based on the methodology of narrative analysis by Gérard Genette and on the essays by Johan Huizinga and Mikhail Bakhtin who explore, respectively, the presence of the ludic in myth and poetry and the ambivalence of popular comics, dialoguing with the critical fortune of the novel. KEYWORDS: Macunaíma; Mario de Andrade; Narrative analysis; Popular comic.
Describing characteristics and treatment patterns of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 by race and ethnicity in a national RWD during the early months of the pandemic
Authors: Vititoe Sarah E. , Easthausen Imaani J. , Lasky Tamar , Chakravarty Aloka , Bradley Marie C. , Roe Laura M. , Gatto Nicolle M. , Weckstein Andrew R. , Garry Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo describe differences by race and ethnicity in treatment patterns among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the US from March-August 2020.MethodsAmong patients in de-identified Optum electronic health record data hospitalized with COVID-19 (March-August 2020), we estimated odds ratios of receiving COVID-19 treatments of interest (azithromycin, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and other steroids) at hospital admission, by race and ethnicity, after adjusting for key covariates of interest.ResultsAfter adjusting for key covariates, Black/African American patients were less likely to receive dexamethasone (adj. OR [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.71, 0.96]) and more likely to receive other steroids corticosteroids (adj. OR [95% CI]: 2.13 [1.90, 2.39]), relative to White patients. Hispanic/Latino patients were less likely to receive dexamethasone than Not Hispanic/Latino patients (adj. OR [95% CI]: 0.69 [0.58, 0.82]).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that COVID-19 treatments patients received in Optum varied by race and ethnicity after adjustment for other possible explanatory factors. In the face of rapidly evolving treatment landscapes, policies are needed to ensure equitable access to novel and repurposed therapeutics to avoid disparities in care by race and ethnicity.
Non-communicable diseases prevention in remote areas of Vietnam: Limited roles of health education and community workers
Authors: Le Hang Thi , Le Tuan Anh , Mac Tuan Dang , Nguyen Dua Nhu , Vu Ha Ngoc , Truong Anh Thi Mai , Quang Do Anh Tran , Bui Hoai Thi Thu , Do Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Anh Thi Hoang , Nguyen Trung Thanh , The Ngo Ngoc , Ngo Tam Thi 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to measure the exposure of residents to health education messages about non-communicable diseases (NCD)-related risk factors, and activities of village health workers (VHWs) in NCDs prevention and control in the mountainous setting of Vietnam.MethodA cross-sectional study was performed in Dap Thanh commune (Ba Che, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam), a mountainous area. There were 151 residents aged 18 years or above recruited for this study. Information regarding exposure to messages about risk factors of NCDs, and activities of VHWs was collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify associated factors with exposing messages about NCD-related risk factors.ResultsThe majority of participants heard about messages related to risk factors of NCDs in the last 30 days, from 56.3% (physical inactivity message), 59.6% (diet message), 75.5% (alcohol use message) to 79.5% (smoking message). Radio/television was the most common source of the messages (from 91.8% to 95.8%) and the majority of participants heard these messages from one source (from 77.1% to 80.9%). Most of sample reported the unavailability of VHWs in their locals (53.6%). Among locals having VHWs, health communication and education was the most common service provided (54.3%); however, only 30% received NCD management services. Participants who had other jobs were less likely to hear about diet-related messages (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.11–0.92), and those ever smoking were more likely to hear these messages in the last 30 days (OR = 6.86; 95%CI = 1.06–44.51). People who had diabetes mellitus were more likely to hear physical activity-related messages in the last 30 days (OR = 2.55; 95%CI = 1.20–5.41).ConclusionOur findings indicated that health communication regarding risk factors of NCDs in mountainous areas in Vietnam was insufficient, and the role of health workers as formal information source was not recognized. Efforts should be made to increase the capacity and involvement of VHWs in health education and NCD prevention in mountainous regions.
Medium-term impacts of the waves of the COVID-19 epidemic on treatments for non-COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: A retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Shusuke , Shin Jung-ho , Okuno Takuya , Morishita Tetsuji , Takada Daisuke , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMaintaining critical care for non-Coronavirus-disease-2019 (non-COVID-19) patients is a key pillar of tackling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the medium-term impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on case volumes and quality of intensive care for critically ill non-COVID-19 patients.MethodsAdministrative data were used to investigate the trends in case volumes of admissions to intensive care units (ICUs) compared with the previous years. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of non-COVID-19 ICU patients were calculated in each wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Japan.ResultsThe ratios of new ICU admissions of non-COVID-19 patients to those in the corresponding months before the epidemic: 21% in May 2020, 8% in August 2020, 9% in February 2021, and 14% in May 2021, approximately concurrent with the peaks in COVID-19 infections. The decrease was greatest for new ICU admissions of non-COVID patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on the first day of ICU admission: 26%, 15%, 19%, and 19% in the first, second, third, and fourth waves, respectively. No statistically significant change in SMR was observed in any wave of the epidemic; SMRs were 0.990 (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 0.962–1.019), 0.979 (95% UI, 0.953–1.006), 0.996 (95% UI, 0.980–1.013), and 0.989 (95% UI, 0.964–1.014), in the first, second, third, and fourth waves of the epidemic, respectively.ConclusionsCompared to the previous years, the number of non-COVID-19 ICU patients continuously decreased over the medium term during the COVID-19 epidemic. The decrease in case volumes was larger in non-COVID-19 ICU patients initially receiving IMV than those undergoing other initial treatments. The standardized in-hospital mortality of non-COVID-19 ICU patients did not change in any waves of the epidemic.
Insect Vector and Seedborne Transmission of Papaya ringspot virus
Authors: Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Harmiyati Tutik , Adnan Abdul Muin 
Published: September 2022

Penyakit bercak bercincin pada pepaya yang disebabkan oleh Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) dilaporkan sudah menyebar luas di Indonesia. Pemencaran penyakit ini diketahui terjadi melalui bibit tanaman terinfeksi dan serangga vektor kutudaun. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji efisiensi penularan PRSV melalui dua spesies kutudaun, yaitu Aphis gossypii dan Myzus persicae dan membuktikan bahwa PRSV tidak dapat ditularkan melalui biji. Penularan PRSV isolat Medan melalui kutudaun dilakukan pada tanaman pepaya var. California dengan periode makan akuisisi dan periode makan inokulasi masing-masing selama 10 menit. Minimal 5 ekor A. gossypii dan 10 ekor M. persicae diperlukan untuk keberhasilan penularan PRSV. Penularan PRSV melalui A. gossypii menghasilkan insidensi penyakit yang lebih tinggi dan gejala penyakit yang lebih parah dibandingkan dengan penularan melalui M. persicae. Bibit pepaya dari biji yang berasal dari buah yang menunjukkan gejala bercak bercincin tidak menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan tidak diperoleh fragmen DNA spesifik PRSV pada deteksi PRSV menggunakan metode reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi potensi kutudaun sebagai vektor PRSV dan membuktikan bahwa PRSV tidak bersifat tular biji.
Smash that subscribe button! – The evolution of the third-party product reviewer market on YouTube
Authors: Murai Gábor , Kovács Olivér Béla 
Published: September 2022

THE AIM OF THE PAPER
In recent years, we could observe a boom in the number of reviewers in the third-party product reviewer market. The structure of this market is an important factor for both firms and consumers as few strong participants could control the narrative around the products. Thus, the main goal of our study is to explore the market structure of this market by shedding light on the drivers behind the growth of the reviewers.
METHODOLOGY
We collected daily data on English language technology product reviewer channels from YouTube API over a 106-day time window to measure how product reviewers grow over time and estimated hierarchical regression to explore the drivers of the growth process.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
We found that (1) big channels grow faster, implying a multiplicative growth process, (2) breakthrough videos boost this process, and (3) the audience’s average revealed valence has a significant connection with the subscriber count increase.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Given the known impact of product reviews on consumers’ decisions, understanding the size and structure of this earned media is key for marketers. Thus, our results and implications are most applicable for firms with products that attract significant demand and supply of product reviews.
Cyclin D3 restricts SARS‐CoV‐2 envelope incorporation into virions and interferes with viral spread
Authors: Gupta Ravi K , Mlcochova Petra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) presents a great threat to human health. The interplay between the virus and host plays a crucial role in successful virus replication and transmission. Understanding host–virus interactions are essential for the development of new COVID‐19 treatment strategies. Here, we show that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection triggers redistribution of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, followed by proteasomal degradation. No changes to other cyclins or cyclin‐dependent kinases were observed. Further, cyclin D depletion was independent of SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated cell cycle arrest in the early S phase or S/G2/M phase. Cyclin D3 knockdown by small‐interfering RNA specifically enhanced progeny virus titres in supernatants. Finally, cyclin D3 co‐immunoprecipitated with SARS‐CoV‐2 envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins. We propose that cyclin D3 impairs the efficient incorporation of envelope protein into virions during assembly and is depleted during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to restore efficient assembly and release of newly produced virions.