bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central random choice methods for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Zahran Yousef Hashem , Abdalla Amr H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, we briefly review the random choice method (RCM) and ADER methods for solving one and two-dimensional hyperbolic conservation laws. The main advantage of RCM is that it computes discontinuities with infinite resolution. In this method, the original problem is reduced to a set of local Riemann problems (RPs). The exact solutions of these RPs are used to form the solution of the original problem. However, RCM has the following disadvantages: (1) one should solve the RP exactly, however, the exact solutions are usually complex and unavailable for many problems. (2) The accuracy of the smooth region of the flow is poor. ADER methods are explicit, one-step schemes with a very high order of accuracy in time and space. They depend on the solution of the generalized RP (GRP) exactly. In Zahran (J Math Anal Appl 346:120–140, 2008), an improved version of ADER methods (central ADER) was introduced where the RPs were solved numerically and used central fluxes, instead of upwind fluxes. The improved central ADER schemes are more accurate, faster, simple to implement, RP solver free, and need less computer memory. To fade the drawbacks of the above schemes and keep their advantages, we propose, in this paper, an improved version of the RCM. We merge the central ADER technique with the RCM. The resulting scheme is called Central RCM (CRCM). The improvements are listed as follows: we use the WENO reconstruction for the initial data instead of constant reconstruction in RCM, we solve the RPs numerically by using central finite difference schemes and use random sampling to update the solution, as the original RCM. Here we use the staggered and non-staggered RCM. To enhance the accuracy of the new methods, we use a third-order TVD flux (Zahran in Bull Belg Math Soc Simon Stevin 14:259–275, 2007), instead of a first-order flux. Compared with the original RCM and the central ADER, the new methods combine the advantages of RCM, ADER, and central finite difference methods as follows: more accurate, very simple to implement, need less computer memory, and RP solver free. Moreover, the new methods capture the discontinuities with infinite resolution and improve the accuracy of the smooth parts. The new methods have less CPU time than the central ADER methods, this is due to less flux evaluation in CRCM. An extension of the schemes to general systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws in one and two dimensions is presented. We present several numerical examples for one and two-dimensional problems. The results confirm that the presented schemes are superior to the original RCM, ADER, and central ADER schemes.
Peak demand-based optimization approach for building retrofits: case study of Saudi residential buildings
Authors: Krarti Moncef , Aldubyan Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a novel optimization-based analysis framework to evaluate the cost benefits of retrofit programs of existing Saudi housing stocks with the main objective to reduce their electrical peak demands. The retrofit programs are developed to minimize the cost for peak demand reduction while maximizing energy use savings to select sets of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies for various residential building prototypes prevalent in Saudi Arabia. The effectiveness of large-scale implementations of optimal retrofit packages is evaluated to assess their cost benefits as well as their effects on shaping Saudi electrical load profiles. It found that the optimal retrofits are more effective than the deployment of rooftop PV systems in reducing both peak demand and annual energy consumption for Saudi housing stock. In particular, the analysis indicates that retrofitting the housing stock with one energy efficiency measure reduces electrical peak demand at 779 USD/kW lower than that attributed to deploying rooftop PV systems.
Cologne questionnaire on speechlessness: Development and validation
Authors: Dietz Thilo , Tavenrath Sally , Schiewer Vera , Öztürk-Arenz Hülya , Durakovic Vanessa , Labouvie Hildegard , Jäger Reinhold S. , Kusch Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpeechlessness forms a psychological concept that describes non-speaking or silence in different situations. Speechlessness occurs in particular during emotional stress. The Cologne Questionnaire on Speechlessness (ger.: Kölner Fragebogen zur Sprachlosigkeit) is an instrument for measuring speechlessness as a function of emotional perception and processing in situations of emotional stress or existing emotional dysregulation. The questionnaire was developed in theoretical proximity to the constructs of alexithymia and expressive suppression. Item selection was performed on a first line sample of N = 307 individuals of a normal population. Acquisition of an exploratory model to classify the phenomenon was conducted within four samples in clinical and non-clinical settings. Validation of the factorial structure was performed using an overarching dataset (N = 1293) consisting of all samples. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated the best model fit (χ2 (df, 146) = 953.856; p < .001; Tucker-Lewis-Index = .891; Comparative Fit Index = .916; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .065; p < .001; N = 1293) with a four-factorial structure of the questionnaire. Both the overall acceptable validity and reliability recommend the application of KFS on individuals of the normal population as well as clinical subgroups. In addition, the questionnaire can also be used in the context of research on the regulation of emotions.
Reduced Cerebellar Brain Inhibition and Vibrotactile Perception in Response to Mechanical Hand Stimulation at Flutter Frequency
Authors: Christova Monica , Sylwester Victoria , Gallasch Eugen , Fresnoza Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cerebellum is traditionally considered a movement control structure because of its established afferent and efferent anatomical and functional connections with the motor cortex. In the last decade, studies also proposed its involvement in perception, particularly somatosensory acquisition and prediction of the sensory consequences of movement. However, compared to its role in motor control, the cerebellum’s specific role or modulatory influence on other brain areas involved in sensory perception, specifically the primary sensorimotor cortex, is less clear. In the present study, we explored whether peripherally applied vibrotactile stimuli at flutter frequency affect functional cerebello-cortical connections. In 17 healthy volunteers, changes in cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) and vibration perception threshold (VPT) were measured before and after a 20-min right hand mechanical stimulation at 25 Hz. 5 Hz mechanical stimulation of the right foot served as an active control condition. Performance in a Grooved Pegboard test (GPT) was also measured to assess stimulation’s impact on motor performance. Hand stimulation caused a reduction in CBI (13.16%) and increased VPT but had no specific effect on GPT performance, while foot stimulation had no significant effect on all measures. The result added evidence to the functional connections between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex, as shown by CBI reduction. Meanwhile, the parallel increase in VPT indirectly suggests that the cerebellum influences the processing of vibrotactile stimulus through motor-sensory interactions.
Effect of miR-27b on the proliferation and apoptosis of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma cells by targeting the regulation of MET/PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Zhang Rui , Huang Tianjiao , Li Jinfeng , Zhou Hong , Wang Xuemei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the regulation of miR-27b expression on MET/PI3K/AKT pathway, and to explain its effect on biological functions of DLBCL cells.

Methods
The expressions of miR-27b and MET gene in DLBCL cells and normal human B cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR. miR-27b expression in DLBCL cell line Toledo was over-expressed with the cell transfection method. The proliferation of DLBCL cells was determined by MTT. And the invasiveness of DLBCL cells was determined by Transwell. The level of apoptosis in DLBCL cells was determined by ELISA. miR-27b targeting of MET was verified by dual- luciferase reporter assay. The activation of MET/PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of downstream related proteins were determined by Western blot.

Results
The results showed that miR-27b was poorly expressed in DLBCL cell lines compared with normal human B cell lines, and was associated with its high proliferation, high invasiveness and low apoptosis level. High miR-27b expression can reduce the proliferation and increase the apoptosis level in DLBCL cells. By examining the effect of miR-27b over-expression on the MET/PI3K/AKT pathway, it was found that miR-27b can inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness and promote the apoptosis of DLBCL cells by targeting the inhibition of MET expression and the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion
miR-27b can inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of DLBCL cells and promote the apoptosis of the cells by targeting MET/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Application of electrical power measurements for process monitoring in ultrasonic metal welding
Authors: Müller Florian W. , Chen Chun-Yu , Schiebahn Alexander , Reisgen Uwe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the production of e-mobility components such as cable harnesses, battery cells, power electronics, etc., ultrasonic metal welding is well-established process of choice. These electrical applications require high quality for every single connection; single points of failure and no possibility of repair after installation or commissioning are state of the art. At present, the prevailing binding mechanisms and their sensitivity to the numerous process influencing variables like base material hardness, surface, and cleanliness are still the subject of research. In order to ensure sufficient quality despite the lack of process understanding, random destructive testing is carried out during ongoing production. The welding systems’ internal monitoring methods are currently not sufficient to make a prediction of the joint quality achieved. To determine process phases and extract features regarding the joint formation, the observation of process vibrations at the horn, anvil, and the components using laser-doppler-vibrometry, laser triangulation sensors or other suitable external measurement technology is common. These methods require external accessibility to the measurement position, not given in the industrial production environment. In this study, measurements of the high-frequency power signal of the welding system are conducted, and several machine learning models for quality prediction are set up. To ensure the robustness, several disturbances, e.g., changing material hardness and cleanliness, are taken into account. Thus, it will be evaluated to what extent an industrially suitable quality monitoring can be implemented by means of electrical measuring technology and how much more accurate such an external measuring system is compared to the possibilities already available in the welding system.
ON CUPPING AND AHMAD PAIRS
Authors: KALIMULLIN ISKANDER SH. , LEMPP STEFFEN , NG KENG , YAMALEEV MARS M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWorking toward showing the decidability of the
$\forall \exists $
-theory of the
${\Sigma ^0_2}$
-enumeration degrees, we prove that no so-called Ahmad pair of
${\Sigma ^0_2}$
-enumeration degrees can join to
${\mathbf 0}_e'$
.
High pathogenicity avian influenza: targeted active surveillance of wild birds to enable early detection of emerging disease threats
Authors: Wade Daniel , Ashton-Butt Adham , Scott Graham , Reid Scott M. , Coward Vivien , Hansen Rowena D. E. , Banyard Ashley C. , Ward Alastair I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is an important disease that has significant implications for animal and human health. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) has emerged in consecutive seasons within the UK to cause the largest outbreaks recorded. Statutory measures to control outbreaks of AI virus (AIV) at poultry farms involve disposal of all birds on infected premises. Understanding of the timing of incursions into the UK could facilitate decisions on improved responses. During the autumnal migration and wintering period (autumn 2019– spring 2020), three active sampling approaches were trialled for wild bird species considered likely to be involved in captive AI outbreaks with retrospective laboratory testing undertaken to define the presence of AIV.
Faecal sampling of birds (n = 594) caught during routine and responsive mist net sampling failed to detect AIV. Cloacal sampling of hunter-harvested waterfowl (n = 146) detected seven positive samples from three species with the earliest detection on the 17 October 2020. Statutory sampling first detected AIV in wild and captive birds on 3 November 2020. We conclude that hunter sourced sampling of waterfowl presents an opportunity to detect AI within the UK in advance of outbreaks on poultry farms and allow for early intervention measures to protect the national poultry flock.
Evidence of within-facility patient–patient Clostridiodes difficile infection spread across diverse settings
Authors: Justice Samuel , Sewell Daniel K. , Li Haomin , Miller Aaron C. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that a hospital patient's risk of developing healthcare facility-onset (HCFO) Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) increases with the number of concurrent spatially proximate patients with CDI, termed CDI pressure. However, these studies were performed either in a single institution or in a single state with a very coarse measure of concurrence. We conducted a retrospective case-control study involving over 17.5 million inpatient visits across 700 hospitals in eight US states. We built a weighted, directed network connecting overlapping inpatient visits to measure facility-level CDI pressure. We then matched HCFO-CDIs with non-CDI controls on facility, comorbidities and demographics and performed a conditional logistic regression to determine the odds of developing HCFO-CDI given the number of coincident patient visits with CDI. On average, cases' visits coincided with 9.2 CDI cases, which for an individual with an average length of stay corresponded to an estimated 17.7% (95% CI 12.9–22.7%) increase in the odds of acquiring HCFO-CDI compared to an inpatient visit without concurrent CDI cases or fully isolated from both direct and indirect risks from concurrent CDI cases. These results suggest that, either directly or indirectly, hospital patients with CDI lead to CDIs in non-infected patients with temporally overlapping visits.
Observation and Modeling of Dart Leader Development in an Altitude‐Triggered Lightning Flash
Authors: Cai Li , Chu Wangxiang , Wang Jianguo , Zhou Mi , Yan Yunsheng , Tian Ruixin , Fan Yadong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dart leader development process of an altitude‐triggered lightning flash with eight return strokes was analyzed. The analysis, based on the high‐speed camera and electric field data, revealed three different processes of dart leaders: (a) normal dart leader process; (b) dart leader process with chasing leader; and (c) dart leader process with bidirectional leader. These dart leaders are very different in terms of the average 2‐D speed and the electric field change. Moreover, in the bidirectional leader process, the 2‐D speed of the upward positive leader is greater than that of the downward negative leader. A piecewise‐speed source‐charge model was used to simulate the electric field change of the normal dart leader. The superposition of downward positive leader was used to simulate the fading and decaying process of the leader tail, which appeared in the chasing leader and bidirectional leader. The bidirectional leader model was used to simulate the bidirectional leader process, and the final simulation results are in good agreement with the measured electric field.
Linking Climate Sensitivity of Plant Phenology to Population Fitness in Alpine Meadow
Authors: Song Ming‐Hua , Zhou Bing‐Rong , Huo Jia‐Juan , Zhou Hua‐Kun , Wu Liang , Li Yi‐Kang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTimings of phenological events have been paid more attention in facing of climate change. However, little is known how shifts of phenological events are associated with variations of vegetative and reproductive periods which could further link to population fitness over time. We compiled an observational data set including timings of four phenological events, height, and population aboveground biomass of 12 plant species across five sites in alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau spanning 1988–2006. Our time‐series data revealed timings of budburst and flower budding are more sensitive to climate warming than timings of fruit ripeness and leaf senescence. Some species showed advances of budburst and/or flower budding, and others did not show any response. We also found advance of budburst was correlated with lengthening of vegetative and activity period, and advance of flower budding was correlated with shortening of vegetative and lengthening of reproductive period. Furthermore, negative relationship was found between budburst shifts and aboveground biomass suggesting advance of budburst is beneficial to population fitness over time under warming. Our spatial‐data showed lengthening vegetative period due to budburst advance was correlated with increase of aboveground biomass as comparison the species pairs in a warm‐wet site with that in a cold‐dry site. Prolonging reproductive period due to flower budding advance was correlated with increase of aboveground biomass as comparison the species pairs in a warm‐dry site with that in a cold‐wet site. Our study suggests linking phenology to population fitness is helpful to better understanding diverse responses of phenological events to climate changes.
Colpophyllia natans From Tobago, a Novel Paleoclimate Archive for Reconstructing Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Ong Maria Rosabelle , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Guppy Reia , Hughen Konrad A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMassive, long‐lived Siderastrea and Diploria corals are species commonly used for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions in the North Atlantic. However, they are rarely found to exceed 200 years in age. Thus, it is imperative to continuously develop alternative taxa for paleoreconstructions. Colpophyllia natans, a highly populous tropical North Atlantic coral, are known to grow large colonies, potentially containing environmental records spanning several hundreds of years. However, its low density and complicated architecture poses a challenge in extracting climate signals from this coral. This study presents the first monthly‐resolved climate calibration of Colpophyllia natans and validates its utility as a new paleoarchive, relative to Siderastrea siderea. Linear regressions of monthly and interannual coral Sr/Ca with instrumental SST reveal robust, significant relationships (p < 0.05), indicating that microsampling along a single thecal wall of C. natans allowed for robust climate reconstructions. Additionally, both corals capture similar SST variations (t‐test, p ≥ 0.05), which allowed for the generation of a single, composite interspecies SST record that correlates with instrumental SST even more strongly (p < 0.0001) than the individual corals. Mean annual and boreal summer interspecies SST correlate significantly with North Atlantic SST indices (p < 0.05), demonstrating the ability to capture regional, long‐term SST trends in the North Atlantic. Spatial correlation maps of boreal winter interspecies SST to instrumental SST and geopotential height anomalies reveal coherent spatial patterns linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our findings suggest that Colpophyllia natans has enormous potential as a new paleoclimate archive for reconstructing temporal and spatial SST variability in the tropical Atlantic.
The Great Reduction of Equatorial Electrojet During the Solar Eclipse on 14 December 2020
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe solar eclipse has a great influence on the variability of the ionosphere because of the obscuration of solar radiation. Using the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and plasma measurements from Swarm, zonal winds from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging on Ionospheric Connection Explorer mission, and electron density from the Constellation Observing Systems for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate mission, the temporal responses of EEJ to the total solar eclipse on 14 December 2020, have been examined. In comparison with non‐eclipse EEJ, EEJ at the eclipse/early post‐eclipse phase is significantly reduced, with a percentage of more than 29%. The reduced EEJ is primarily attributed to both the weakened electric field and the reversed zonal winds. The reversed zonal winds could drive corresponding currents and electric field, indicating the direct and indirect roles. The depleted plasma plays a secondary role in the decrease of EEJ.
Establishment of multi-stage intravenous self-administration paradigms in mice
Authors: Slosky Lauren M. , Pires Andrea , Bai Yushi , Clark Nicholas B. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Gross Joshua D. , Porkka Fiona , Zhou Yang , Chen Xiaoxiao , Pogorelov Vladimir M. , Toth Krisztian , Wetsel William C. , Barak Lawrence S. , Caron Marc G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenetically tractable animal models provide needed strategies to resolve the biological basis of drug addiction. Intravenous self-administration (IVSA) is the gold standard for modeling psychostimulant and opioid addiction in animals, but technical limitations have precluded the widespread use of IVSA in mice. Here, we describe IVSA paradigms for mice that capture the multi-stage nature of the disorder and permit predictive modeling. In these paradigms, C57BL/6J mice with long-standing indwelling jugular catheters engaged in cocaine- or remifentanil-associated lever responding that was fixed ratio-dependent, dose-dependent, extinguished by withholding the drug, and reinstated by the presentation of drug-paired cues. The application of multivariate analysis suggested that drug taking in both paradigms was a function of two latent variables we termed incentive motivation and discriminative control. Machine learning revealed that vulnerability to drug seeking and relapse were predicted by a mouse’s a priori response to novelty, sensitivity to drug-induced locomotion, and drug-taking behavior. The application of these behavioral and statistical-analysis approaches to genetically-engineered mice will facilitate the identification of neural circuits driving addiction susceptibility and relapse and focused therapeutic development.