bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self, ego and suicide
Authors: Dale Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWorking with patients who end their lives through suicide is one of the greatest challenges and fears a clinician might face. This paper explores the experience of working with such patients in the course of psychiatric care and Jungian analysis. Jungian theory is used to explore a conceptual understanding of the dilemmas faced. Such theory points to an intractable conflict between Self and ego giving rise to unbearable distress, partly through difficulties arising in achieving individuation. The paper proposes that our difficulties in dealing with a patient’s suicide might reflect a manifestation of relentless hope and, perhaps contentiously, these patients made a more considered decision in their final acts than prevailing clinical opinion suggests.
Archetypes and clinical application: how the genome responds to experience
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe continuing dialogue within analytical psychology regarding the relationship to Jung’s “collective unconscious” and biological research calls for a more sophisticated treatment of terminology that is consilient with modern neurogenetics. This essay explores how fully understanding the way genome and environment interact can help us parse out clinical material, enabling us to judge what expressions are repeats of early experiences vs. what are innately driven re‐organizations of experience.
Impact of iodinated contrast media conserving interventions and lessons for the future
Authors: Amukotuwa Shalini A , Jackson Dana , Bammer Roland 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionA severe shortage of iodinated contrast medium (ICM) has forced radiology departments around the world to implement strategies to reduce contrast utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these interventions on ordering practices and ICM consumption for computed tomography (CT).MethodsOur radiology department instituted several ICM‐conserving interventions on 13th May 2022, encompassing: (i) improved triage; (ii) diversion to alternative modalities and non‐enhanced CT (NECT); and (iii) reduction in ICM dosing. The impact of these changes on contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) scan numbers, and ICM consumption in the first 28 days post‐intervention, was quantified and compared with the preceding 12 months. Sub‐analyses of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), abdominal and pelvic CECT (CECT AP), and ‘Code stroke’ CT numbers and the impact on alternative modalities was also performed. The t‐test for unpaired samples was used to assess the statistical significance of change.ResultsThe average daily number of CECT (all), CECT (inpatient and ED), CTPA, CECT AP, and ‘Code stroke’ CT scans decreased significantly (P < 0.01), by 58.6%, 68.8%, 74.1%, 88.0%, and 37.5%, respectively. The number of NECT, NECT abdomen and pelvis (NECT AP), and nuclear medicine lung ventilation:perfusion (VQ) scans increased significantly (P < 0.01), by 41.6%, 608.2%, and 165.8%, respectively. ICM consumption also decreased significantly (P < 0.01), by 65.3% (75.8% for ED and inpatient scans).ConclusionInterventions in CT alone, focused on improving patient triage to CECT while avoiding deferment of any outpatient oncology studies, have achieved an approximately two‐thirds reduction in ICM consumption.
The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 system is modulated by acute and chronic alcohol exposure: Findings from human laboratory experiments and a post‐mortem brain study
Authors: Farokhnia Mehdi , Browning Brittney D. , Crozier Madeline E. , Sun Hui , Akhlaghi Fatemeh , Leggio Lorenzo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) system modulates alcohol seeking and consumption, and GLP‐1 analogues may represent novel pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Accordingly, it is important to understand the potential effects of alcohol on the endogenous GLP‐1 system. In a series of secondary analyses of previous human laboratory experiments, we first examined the effects of alcohol administration, with different doses and routes of administration, on peripheral active GLP‐1 concentrations in heavy‐drinking individuals with AUD enrolled in placebo‐controlled pharmacological studies (only placebo conditions were analysed here). Alcohol administration resulted in a significant reduction of GLP‐1 levels across the four experiments (oral alcohol, variable dose: F3,28 = 6.52, p = 0.002; oral alcohol, fixed dose: F7,75.94 = 5.08, p < 0.001; intravenous alcohol, variable dose: F4,37.03 = 20.72, p < 0.001; intravenous alcohol, fixed dose: F4,13.92 = 10.44, p < 0.001). Next, central expression of the GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) in post‐mortem brain tissues (amygdala, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) was compared between individuals with AUD and controls. Fold change of GLP‐1R mRNA in the hippocampus was significantly higher in individuals with AUD, compared to controls (F1,21 = 6.80, p = 0.01). A trend‐level effect with the same direction was also found in the prefrontal cortex (F1,20 = 3.07, p = 0.09). Exploratory analyses showed that GLP‐1R gene expression levels were correlated with behavioural measures of alcohol drinking (hippocampus) and cigarette smoking (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Collectively, these data provide novel information on the crosstalk between alcohol and GLP‐1 in a clinically relevant sample. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this link.
Abundance of white lace lerp psyllids on understorey and canopy river red gums and relationships with foliar sugars and tannins
Authors: Steinbauer Martin James , Tanha Reza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract1. Trees present herbivorous insects with the greatest diversity of resources of any plant growth form. Both ontogeny and shading can alter suitability for arboreal insect herbivores.2. We conducted a longitudinal study of tagged ‘mature’ (>12 months old) Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves to compare the suitability of understorey and canopy trees for the leaf senescence‐inducing psyllid, Cardiaspina albitextura. We quantified sugars and tannins as possible predictors of nymphal abundance.3. Canopy leaves hosted double the number of nymphs as understorey leaves. Variation among individual trees (understorey and canopy) was the most important source of heterogeneity explaining psyllid abundance, although relative leaf age significantly influenced oviposition on canopy leaves. The diversity of foliar sugars was higher among canopy leaves than among understorey leaves. There was significant between‐tree diversity in total hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and total condensed tannins (CTs) among understorey trees but not among canopy trees. Heterogeneity among understorey and canopy trees was explained by greater diversity of ellagitannins (HTs) than of CTs.4. Shading is detrimental to the survival of nymphs on both host types, but sugars are unlikely to explain variation in suitability. Vescalagin (an ellagitannin) was negatively correlated with the abundance of nymphs on both host types.
Electro‐ and echocardiographic features of left ventricle hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bula Karolina , Bisaga Joanna , Feret Bartłomiej , Razik Michał , Rozpiątkowska Barbara , Tometczak Mateusz , Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStandard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), next to medical history and physical examination, is a basic screening tool for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in General practice. There are many electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy, but their accuracy is usually weak in patients with systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis. Sensitivity of these criteria in patients with HCM has not been well described.AimTo assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic criteria for LVH in patients with HCM and their relationship with echocardiographic parameters.Material and methodsA total of 49 patients with HCM (mean age 53.2 ± 15.4 years; men/women: 31/18) were enrolled to study. Eight electrocardiographic criteria for LVH were evaluated and correlated with echocardiographic parameters.ResultsThe ECG features of LVH were found in 36 (73.5%) subjects. These patients had increased thickness of intraventricular septum (20.5 ± 4.7 vs. 17.3 ± 3.2 mm, p = .03), LVM (340.5 ± 104.8 vs. 264.0 ± 61.5 g; p = .02), and LVMI (178.9 ± 48.8 vs. 125.9 ± 22.5; p = .002). All of ECG criteria for LVH had low sensitivity (14.3%–40.8%) for LVH diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography. The most common positive criterion was Cornell Voltage (20 patients; 40.8%). A total of 41 (83.4%) patients had T‐wave inversion in limb and/or precordial leads. LVMI correlated positively with R‐wave amplitude in aVL (R = 0.34; p = .03), Gubner‐Ungerleider voltage (R = 0.4; p = .009), and Cornell Voltage (R = 0.31; p = .04).ConclusionECG criteria for LVH are characterized by poor sensitivity in patients with HCM. Cornell Voltage and criteria based on limb leads correlate positively with LVMI.
Cost analysis of a watch‐and‐wait approach in patients with a complete clinical response to chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Cooper Edward A. , Hodder Rupert J. , Finlayson Andrew , Filgate Rhys , Coveney Andrew , Balasuriya Hasitha Dinesh , Warner Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing interest in the watch‐and‐wait approach for patients with rectal cancer who have had a complete clinical response following neoadjuvant long course chemoradiotherapy. This study is a cost analysis of expenditure on patients in the watch‐and‐wait program versus patients who underwent standard rectal resection followed by routine surveillance.MethodsData were prospectively collated and retrospectively analysed in all patients who presented with rectal cancer from January 2016 to January 2018 at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia. Software developed by the North Metropolitan Health Service was used to capture comprehensive data to calculate the in‐hospital expenditure for an individual patient throughout their treatment journey.ResultsFor a patient enrolled in the watch‐and‐wait pathway, the total cost of surveillance over a 5‐year period was $45 246. This was compared with the cost of an ultra‐low anterior resection/loop ileostomy/closure of loop and routine postoperative surveillance which came to a total of $87 473. While a patient who had an abdominoperineal resection followed by routine 5‐year surveillance had an expenditure of $82 290.ConclusionThere is growing evidence that the watch‐and‐wait strategy is a valid management option. In the cost‐conscious environment of the current health care system, the watch‐and‐wait pathway is a cost‐effective and economically advantage treatment.
The effects of positive psychology interventions in Arab countries: A systematic review
Authors: Basurrah Asma A. , Di Blasi Zelda , Lambert Louise , Murphy Mike , Warren Meg A. , Setti Annalisa , Al‐Haj Baddar Mohammed , Shrestha Topaz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile there is evidence for the effects of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) in the Western world, we know little about their effects on Arab cultures. This review aimed to assess the effects of PPIs on well‐being and mental health across Arab countries. Systematic searches of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies investigating PPIs in Arabia were conducted in six English and Arabic databases from the inception of positive psychology in 1998 to 28 February 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tools. The protocol was published in the BMJ Open. Forty‐four studies from 10 Arab countries (n = 3598 participants) were included. Of these, 12 were RCTs and 32 were quasi‐experimental. The studies mainly focused on adults (73%) and healthy populations (86%). PPIs included mindfulness, positive thinking, strengths, hope, optimism, self‐compassion, positive traits, and multiple PPIs. Nearly all studies (91%) mentioned cultural adaptation; however, little detail was given. This is the first review in Arabia. PPIs appear to be effective for promoting well‐being and reducing mental health issues. However, there were some risks of bias concerns. Future research should include younger and clinical populations, using larger samples and providing more details about adaptation.
Socioeconomic status, communication activity patterns, and subjective well‐being: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in China
Authors: Sun Shaojing , Seo Mihye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between subjective/objective socioeconomic status (SES) and self/society‐oriented subjective well‐being (SWB) and the moderation effect of communication activity patterns in a nationally representative sample of Chinese citizens. We found that both subjective and objective SES were related to SWB, but the association varied by SES type and age group. Three kinds of communication activity patterns emerged across different age groups: balanced, mixed, and singular. A complex moderation effect of communication activity patterns also shaped the relationship between SES and SWB. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of evolving Chinese culture and society.
Comparing video and virtual reality as tools for fostering interest and self‐efficacy in classroom management: Results of a pre‐registered experiment
Authors: Huang Yizhen , Richter Eric , Kleickmann Thilo , Richter Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVideo is a widely used medium in teacher training for situating student teachers in classroom scenarios. Although the emerging technology of virtual reality (VR) provides similar, and arguably more powerful, capabilities for immersing teachers in lifelike situations, its benefits and risks relative to video formats have received little attention in the research to date. The current study used a randomized pretest–posttest experimental design to examine the influence of a video‐ versus VR‐based task on changing situational interest and self‐efficacy in classroom management. Results from 49 student teachers revealed that the VR simulation led to higher increments in self‐reported triggered interest and self‐efficacy in classroom management, but also invoked higher extraneous cognitive load than a video viewing task. We discussed the implications of these results for pre‐service teacher education and the design of VR environments for professional training purposes.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Video is a popular teacher training medium given its ability to display classroom situations.
Virtual reality (VR) also immerses users in lifelike situations and has gained popularity in recent years.
Situational interest and self‐efficacy in classroom management is vital for student teachers' professional development.
What this paper adds

VR outperforms video in promoting student teachers' triggered interest in classroom management.
Student teachers felt more efficacious in classroom management after participating in VR.
VR also invoked higher extraneous cognitive load than the video.
Implications for practice and/or policy

VR provides an authentic teacher training environment for classroom management.
The design of the VR training environment needs to ensure a low extraneous cognitive load.
Zinc improves neurological recovery by promoting angiogenesis via the astrocyte‐mediated HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathway in experimental stroke
Authors: Li Yang , Ma Tingting , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhang Mingqi , Zhao Liang , Wang Peng , Liang Jia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability. Zinc accumulation has been shown to play a vital role in neuronal death and blood–brain barrier damage following ischemia in acute stage. However, almost nothing is known about whether zinc is involved in neurological recovery in ischemic prolonged period. This study investigates whether zinc promotes neurological recovery through astrocytes‐induced angiogenesis during ischemic repair phase.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h ischemia/14, 21, and 28 days reperfusion by middle cerebral artery occlusion, then administered ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneally daily from 7 days to tissue collection to observe brain tissue morphology, neurological function recovery by cortical width index, Adhesive removal test, and Forelimb placing test. Angiogenesis, astrocyte activation, and HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway were assessed via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and BrdU method in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe results showed that zinc significantly alleviated brain atrophy and improved neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage. Zinc significantly increased the protein levels of HIF‐1α, VEGF‐A, and VEGF‐R2 in astrocytes, and promoted angiogenesis during cerebral ischemia repair. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that zinc promoted angiogenesis via the astrocyte‐mediated HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathway.ConclusionsZinc significantly improves neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage, providing new evidence supporting zinc as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke by promoting astrocyte induced angiogenesis.
A novel analytical framework for risk stratification of real‐world data using machine learning: A small cell lung cancer study
Authors: Marzano Luca , Darwich Adam S. , Tendler Salomon , Dan Asaf , Lewensohn Rolf , De Petris Luigi , Raghothama Jayanth , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent studies, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment guidelines based on Veterans’ Administration Lung Study Group limited/extensive disease staging and resulted in broad and inseparable prognostic subgroups. Evidence suggests that the eight versions of tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging can play an important role to address this issue. The aim of the present study was to improve the detection of prognostic subgroups from a real‐word data (RWD) cohort of patients and analyze their patterns using a development pipeline with thoracic oncologists and machine learning methods. The method detected subgroups of patients informing unsupervised learning (partition around medoids) including the impact of covariates on prognosis (Cox regression and random survival forest). An analysis was carried out using patients with SCLC (n = 636) with stage IIIA–IVB according to TNM classification. The analysis yielded k = 7 compacted and well‐separated clusters of patients. Performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group‐Performance Status), lactate dehydrogenase, spreading of metastasis, cancer stage, and CRP were the baselines that characterized the subgroups. The selected clustering method outperformed standard clustering techniques, which were not capable of detecting meaningful subgroups. From the analysis of cluster treatment decisions, we showed the potential of future RWD applications to understand disease, develop individualized therapies, and improve healthcare decision making.
Guiding marine protected area network design with comparative phylogeography and population genomics: An exemplary case from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Leiva Carlos , Riesgo Ana , Combosch David , Arias María Belén , Giribet Gonzalo , Downey Rachel , Kenny Nathan James , Taboada Sergi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimNetworks of connected marine protected areas (MPAn) are recognized as the key area‐based management tool to preserve biodiversity, moderate exploitation of marine resources and increase ecological resilience to climate change. Although population genetic studies could greatly benefit connectivity assessments between MPAs, genetic data are rarely used in MPAn planning. Here, we aim to illustrate the use of a multispecies and multilocus approach to provide recommendations for MPAn design, highlighting the importance of the species selected and the analyses performed. Our study is focused on the Southern Ocean, an area of keen multinational interest given its scientific significance, economic importance and its unique, shared legal status.LocationSouth Georgia and South Sandwich Islands MPA (SGSSI MPA), the South Orkney Islands and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)—where an MPA was proposed in 2018 (Domain 1 MPA) but has not been approved by the Commission for the Conservation of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).MethodsOur datasets include 819 individuals from five different species with contrasting life‐history strategies: two nemerteans (Antarctonemertes valida and A. riesgoae), two annelids (Pterocirrus giribeti and Neanthes kerguelensis) and one sponge (Mycale [Oxymycale] acerata). To identify genetic connectivity patterns in our study area, spanning roughly 2500 km, we used the COI mitochondrial marker and genome‐wide ddRADseq‐derived SNPs.ResultsA consistent lack of connectivity between SGSSI MPA and the WAP was found for all studied species. Additionally, our data indicated a stepping‐stone role for the South Orkney Islands between these two genetically differentiated regions.Main conclusionsOur results reveal how the application of comparative phylogeography and population genomics can guide policymakers in their decision‐making process during MPAn design. We detected priority areas for conservation in Antarctica, including the South Orkney Islands and the WAP, providing strong evidence for the implementation of the Domain 1 MPA.
Circulation tumour DNA in predicting recurrence and prognosis in operable colorectal cancer patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mi Junjie , Han Xiaofang , Wang Rong , Ma Ruijun , Zhao Danyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelecting the appropriate patient for further treatment after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) can improve the patient's prognosis. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has the potential to predict recurrence and prognosis after CRC surgery and ACT, but the results are still inconclusive.ObjectivesAs the completed studies have small sample sizes and different experimental methods, a meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the ctDNA on recurrence and prognosis after CRC surgery and ACT.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially eligible studies published up to 6 March 2022. Pooled relative risk (RR) and pooled hazard ratio (HR) were calculated to evaluate recurrence and the prognosis of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) following CRC surgery and ACT.ResultsFourteen studies published between 2014 and 2022 included 2393 patients, and 7189 serum samples were eventually included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled revealed that ctDNA‐positive patients were at high risk of recurrence after CRC surgery (RR = 4.43, 95% CI: 3.58–5.48, p < .05) and had a poorer prognosis for RFS (HR = 7.26, 95% CI: 5.48–9.62, p < .05). The pooled revealed that ctDNA‐positive patients were at high risk of recurrence after ACT (RR = 5.77 95% CI: 4.33–7.69, p < .05) and had a poorer prognosis for RFS (HR = 13.96, 95% CI: 8.71–22.4, p < .05).ConclusionctDNA‐positive patients were at a high risk of recurrence after CRC surgery and ACT and had a poorer prognosis. Hence, ctDNA‐positive patients required close follow‐up and further treatments.