bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \tau ^+ \nu _{\tau }$$ decay and test of lepton flavor universality with leptonic $$D_s^+$$ decays at STCF
Authors: Li Huijing , Luo Tao , Shi Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaorong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a sensitive study of $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \tau ^+ \nu _{\tau }$$

D
s
+

→

τ
+

ν
τ

decay via $$\tau ^+ \rightarrow e^+ \nu _e \bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$

τ
+

→

e
+

ν
e

ν

¯

τ

with an integrated luminosity of 1 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

at the center-of-mass energy of 4.009 GeV at a future Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF). Under the help of the fast simulation software package, the statistical sensitivity for the absolute branching fraction of $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \tau ^+ \nu _{\tau }$$

D
s
+

→

τ
+

ν
τ

is determined to be $$2\times 10^{-4}$$

2
×

10

-
4

. Combining with our previous prospect of $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \mu ^+ \nu _{\mu }$$

D
s
+

→

μ
+

ν
μ

, the ratio of the branching fractions for $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \tau ^+ \nu _{\tau }$$

D
s
+

→

τ
+

ν
τ

over $$D_s^+ \rightarrow \mu ^+ \nu _{\mu }$$

D
s
+

→

μ
+

ν
μ

can achieve a relative statistical precision of 0.5%, which will provide the most stringent test of the $$\tau $$
τ
-$$\mu $$
μ
lepton flavor universality in heavy quark decays. Taking the decay constant $$f_{D_s^+}$$

f

D
s
+

from lattice QCD calculations or the CKM matrix element $$|V_{cs}|$$

|

V

cs

|

from the CKMfitter group as an input, the relative statistical uncertainties for $$|V_{cs}|$$

|

V

cs

|

and $$f_{D_s^+}$$

f

D
s
+

are estimated to be 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively.
On Assisting and Automatizing the Semantic Segmentation of Masonry Walls
Authors: Pavoni Gaia , Giuliani Francesca , De Falco Anna , Corsini Massimiliano , Ponchio Federico , Callieri Marco , Cignoni Paolo 
Published: April 2022

In Architectural Heritage, the masonry’s interpretation is an essential instrument for analysing the construction phases, the assessment of structural properties, and the monitoring of its state of conservation. This work is generally carried out by specialists that, based on visual observation and their knowledge, manually annotate ortho-images of the masonry generated by photogrammetric surveys. This results in vector thematic maps segmented according to their construction technique (isolating areas of homogeneous materials/structure/texture or each individual constituting block of the masonry) or state of conservation, including degradation areas and damaged parts.
This time-consuming manual work, often done with tools that have not been designed for this purpose, represents a bottleneck in the documentation and management workflow and is a severely limiting factor in monitoring large-scale monuments (e.g., city walls). This article explores the potential of AI-based solutions to improve the efficiency of masonry annotation in Architectural Heritage. This experimentation aims at providing interactive tools that support and empower the current workflow, benefiting from specialists’ expertise.
DietaryLactobacillus-Derived Exopolysaccharide Enhances Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Kawanabe-Matsuda Hirotaka , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Nakamura Marie , Makino Seiya , Karasaki Takahiro , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Nishimukai Megumi , Ohno Tatsukuni , Omi Jumpei , Kano Kuniyuki , Uwamizu Akiharu , Yagita Hideo , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Eberl Gérard , Aoki Junken , Smyth Mark J. , Okumura Ko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrobes and their byproducts have been reported to regulate host health and immune functions. Here we demonstrated that microbial exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (EPS-R1) induced CCR6+ CD8+ T cells of mice and humans. In mice, ingestion of EPS-R1 augmented antitumor effects of anti–CTLA-4 or anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody against CCL20-expressing tumors, in which infiltrating CCR6+ CD8+ T cells were increased and produced IFNγ accompanied by a substantial immune response gene expression signature maintaining T-cell functions. Of note, the antitumor adjuvant effect of EPS-R1 was also observed in germ-free mice. Furthermore, the induction of CCR6 expression was mediated through the phosphorylated structure in EPS-R1 and a lysophosphatidic acid receptor on CD8+ T cells. Overall, we find that dietary EPS-R1 consumption induces CCR6+ CD8+ T cells in Peyer's patches, favoring a tumor microenvironment that augments the therapeutic effect of immune-checkpoint blockade depending on CCL20 production by tumors.Significance:Gut microbiota- and probiotic-derived metabolites are attractive agents to augment the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here we demonstrated that dietary consumption of Lactobacillus-derived exopolysaccharide induced CCR6+ CD8+ T cells in Peyer's patches and improved the tumor microenvironment to augment the therapeutic effects of immune-checkpoint blockade against CCL20-producing tumors.See related commentary by Di Luccia and Colonna, p. 1189.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Eating the World: Restaurant Culture in Early Twentieth Century Japan
Authors: Cwiertka Katarzyna J. 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I examine the rise of Western-style and Chinese-style dining in early twentieth century Japan, and the role multicultural eating played in the process of turning Japan into a modern, mass society. I argue that the new dining facilities not only played an important role in the mass entertainment of the urban population, but also that they facilitated the rise of a completely new consciousness among Japanese people, connecting them to a world beyond. Food serves here as a medium for identifying the agency of China and the West in the process of Japan’s self-definition. The popularity of Western and Chinese cuisine in interwar Japan denotes the cultural implications of imperialism in East Asia. The eagerness with which the Japanese masses engaged in ‘eating the West’ and ‘eating Asia’ suggests an ambiguity in the position of Japan at the time—a coloniser with a consciousness that had been colonised by the West. ‘Ethnic’ cuisines, unfamiliar foodways, exotic ingredients, ‘fusion’ cooking, multi-cultural culinary influences and more, are all now familiar elements on the contemporary (industrialised) social scene. Indeed, the final decade of the twentieth century seems to have witnessed curiosity on a mass-scale about unfamiliar eating that represents a striking interest in unaccustomed tastes, recipes and cuisines.
Somatic Genome Editing with the Use of AI: Big Promises but Doubled Legal Issues
Authors: Kiseleva Anastasiya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Both Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and genome editing are technologies that on their own promise to revolutionise healthcare. But their common application can facilitate progress in the field even more. Multiplied benefits go along with increased risks. In this article, I identify and analyse legal challenges associated with applying AI facilities in medicinal products based on somatic genome editing. These challenges are caused by several factors. First, the two technologies share the characteristics that create and facilitate common risks. Second, each of the technologies is subject to very complex regulatory frameworks. These frameworks are not substantially connected to control the safety and quality of the common product. The main argument of this paper is that the management of common risks is only possible through common procedures. I discover the gaps in the current legislation that prevent from establishing these common procedures and provide recommendations to fill them in.
A Room with a View (and with a Gene Therapy Drug): Gene Therapy Medicinal Products and Genetic Tourism in Europe
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In contrast to the extreme caution that has been imposed on genetic medical procedures, in European law genetic drugs, or medications, have found a legal loophole that allows flexible (perhaps too flexible) access to these drugs. In Europe, Gene Therapy Medicinal Products are a form of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and as such submitted to the marketing authorization procedure. However, there are legal mechanisms in place — such as compassionate use, named patient use, and hospital exception — that allow for their provision to patients without proper approval. This is not, de per se, problematic; the problem arises, though, because such mechanisms are neither properly regulated nor monitored, and their application differs substantially according to the jurisdiction. This disparity and lack of control have given rise to situations of genetic tourism, where patients in desperate need travel to so-called genetic paradises, looking for a miraculous, and extremely expensive cure. The outcome is sometimes tragic, endangering patients’ safety and undermining confidence in genetic products.
Giving as “De-Risking”: Philanthropy, Impact Investment and the Pandemic Response
Authors: Sklair Jessica , Gilbert Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines the role played by philanthrocapitalist foundations in impact investing for international development, focusing on the covid-19 Vaccines Global Access Initiative (covax) as a response to the current pandemic. Philanthrocapitalists and development institutions are increasingly turning to “blended finance” and “social bonds” to address the gaps in funding required to meet global development agendas, particularly in the arena of global health. These impact investing mechanisms deploy public or philanthropic money to leverage for-profit investment in development, by “de-risking” (providing guarantees for) interventions that might otherwise put private capital at risk. Via covax, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has platformed a pandemic response centred on this approach, resisting alternative responses – such as the proposal for a temporary waiver to pharmaceutical patent rights – that seek to challenge the prevailing trade architecture. The global policy response to covid-19 thus accelerates the “financialization” of development and cements the role of philanthropy in “de-risking” for-profit impact investment.
Short-Term Convection-Allowing Ensemble Precipitation Forecast Sensitivity to Resolution of Initial Condition Perturbations and Central Initial States
Authors: Schwartz Craig S. , Poterjoy Jonathan , Romine Glen S. , Dowell David C. , Carley Jacob R. , Bresch Jamie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nine sets of 36-h, 10-member, convection-allowing ensemble (CAE) forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing were produced over the conterminous United States for a 4-week period. These CAEs had identical configurations except for their initial conditions (ICs), which were constructed to isolate CAE forecast sensitivity to resolution of IC perturbations and central initial states about which IC perturbations were centered. The IC perturbations and central initial states were provided by limited-area ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analyses with both 15- and 3-km horizontal grid spacings, as well as from NCEP’s Global Forecast System (GFS) and Global Ensemble Forecast System. Given fixed-resolution IC perturbations, reducing horizontal grid spacing of central initial states improved ∼1–12-h precipitation forecasts. Conversely, for constant-resolution central initial states, reducing horizontal grid spacing of IC perturbations led to comparatively smaller short-term forecast improvements or none at all. Overall, all CAEs initially centered on 3-km EnKF mean analyses produced objectively better ∼1–12-h precipitation forecasts than CAEs initially centered on GFS or 15-km EnKF mean analyses regardless of IC perturbation resolution, strongly suggesting it is more important for central initial states to possess fine-scale structures than IC perturbations for short-term CAE forecasting applications, although fine-scale perturbations could potentially be critical for data assimilation purposes. These findings have important implications for future operational CAE forecast systems and suggest CAE IC development efforts focus on producing the best possible high-resolution deterministic analyses that can serve as central initial states for CAEs.

Significance Statement
Ensembles of weather model forecasts are composed of different “members” that, when combined, can produce probabilities that specific weather events will occur. Ensemble forecasts begin from specified atmospheric states, called initial conditions. For ensembles where initial conditions differ across members, the initial conditions can be viewed as a set of small perturbations added to a central state provided by a single model field. Our study suggests it is more important to increase horizontal resolution of the central state than resolution of the perturbations when initializing ensemble forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing. These findings suggest a potential for computational savings and a streamlined process for improving high-resolution ensemble initial conditions.
Changing Patterns in Midwestern Farm Trauma: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis
Authors: Staskywicz Zachery , Burchill Kayla , Sahr Sheryl , Sahmoun Abe , Sang Tyler 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The objective is to determine if injury patterns on agricultural workplaces have changed over time. Methods Retrospective chart review of farm trauma in Fargo, ND, from 2006 to 2020. Results were compared to historical results from La Crosse, WI, from 1978 to 1983. Patient charts with ICD location and external cause code relating to “farm” were included in the study. Frequencies and relative percentages were computed for each categorical variable. Chi-square tests were performed to determine which categories were significantly different from one another. Results Injuries on farms from 395 patients from 2006 to 2020 were compared to injuries from 375 patients from 1978 to 1983. Average age of patients in 2006-2020 was 48 compared to 36 for 1978-1983. There were fewer ISS 1-9, more ISS 10-24, and similar ISS > 25 from 2006 to 2020 compared to 1978-1983. Falls doubled in 2006-2020, 132 compared to 67 in 1978-1983. Injuries from tractors were fewer in 2006-2020, and 63 compared to 89 in 1978-1983. Neurological injuries almost doubled in 2006-2020 compared to 1978-1883, 126 and 61, respectively. All the aforementioned temporal differences were statistically significant with P value < .0001. There were 9 deaths from 2006 to 2020 and 8 deaths from 1978 to 1983. Conclusion Injuries on farms today occur in older patients with higher injury severity scores and are more likely to have neurological injuries compared to data from 1978 to 1983. These changing patterns in injuries can help to provide education, direct farm safety programs, and help triage resources to critical access hospitals that care for this patient population.
Need for Routine Screening Prior to Female-to-Male Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery
Authors: Walker Jasmine C. , Sweeting Raeshell S. 
Published: April 2022

Recognition of gender diverse individuals and their unique health care needs is increasing. Population-based studies demonstrate numbers of individuals identifying as transgender and gender non-binary is growing, particularly in younger generations. Since the end of Medicare coverage exclusion for gender-affirming surgeries (GASs) and expansion in third-party coverage, patients seeking GAS have increased dramatically. Gender-affirming chest surgery (GACS) is performed at nearly twice the rate of genital surgery. The average age of patients seeking GAS is 29.8 years. With expansion in GAS availability, more individuals at or near screening age present for chest surgery. Without pre-operative imaging, breast tissue abnormalities may not be discovered until surgical pathology. We present a patient with Paget’s disease of the breast (PDB) discovered after female-to-male gender-affirming chest surgery (FTM GACS) without pre-operative imaging. This case highlights the importance of routine breast surveillance prior to FTM GACS.
An easy, fast, and efficient assay for the quantification of peptide Hepcidin-25 in serum and plasma with LC-MS/MS.
Authors: Punt Arjen. M , Wieman Joëlle C , van der Elst Kim CM , Huitema Alwin DR , Lentjes Eef GWM 
Published: April 2022

Background The peptide hormone hepcidin-25 plays an important role in iron metabolism. Low or high levels of hepcidin-25 are associated with various iron disorders; therefore, hepcidin-25 is an important biomarker. This study describes an easy and fast analytical assay for the quantification of hepcidin-25 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, and injection onto a LC-MS/MS was directly conducted from a LoBind 96-well plate. Results The concentration range covered by the quality control samples, ranged from 0.25 nmol/L (12.3% CV) to 11.9 nmol/L (CV < 9%). Matrix effect was limited (mean recovery of 99.9% with a CV of 6.4%). The assay was validated for serum, EDTA and heparin plasma. An international secondary reference material was used for calibration. The reference interval (90% CL) was estimated for hepcidin-25 by analysing serum and plasma samples from 156 healthy subjects with a lower limit: 0.12 (0.07–0.19) and upper limit: 11.2 nmol/L (9.5–13.0). Conclusions We present a fast and easy assay for the quantification of hepcidin-25 in serum and plasma samples. The assay was successfully used for the detection of various forms of hereditary haemolytic anaemias, to characterize the interplay between erythropoiesis and iron levels.
Facilitating the Work of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operators Using Artificial Intelligence: An Intelligent Filter for Command-and-Control Maps to Reduce Cognitive Workload
Authors: Zak Yuval , Parmet Yisrael , Oron-Gilad Tal 
Published: April 2022

Objective Evaluating the ability of a Gibsonian-inspired artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to reduce the cognitive workloads of military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators. Background Military UAV operators use the command-and-control (C2) map for developing mission-relevant situation awareness (SA). Yet C2 maps are overloaded with information, mostly irrelevant to the mission, causing operators to neglect the map altogether. To reduce irrelevant information, an intelligent filtering algorithm was developed. Here we evaluate its effectiveness in reducing operators’ cognitive workloads. Method Two-stage operational scenarios were conducted with professional ex-military UAV operators, using two filter protocols and a no-filter control. High-end real-time techniques were used to continuously assess workload from muscle behavior and machine learning models. Results Lower cognitive workload was found when applying the algorithm’s protocols, especially when fatigue started to accumulate (Stage II). However, concerns about the quality of SA arose. Conclusion The algorithm was positively evaluated for its ability to reduce operators’ cognitive workloads. More evaluations of operators’ SA are required. Application The algorithm demonstrates the possibility of integrating AI to improve human performance in complex systems, and can be applied to other domains where spatial-temporal information needs to be contextually filtered in real time.
Valproate: Not All Boxed Warnings Are Created Equal
Authors: Wartman Carolanne , VandenBerg Amy 
Published: April 2022

Objective Valproate has undergone significant changes in labeling to the boxed warnings associated with it. This review will analyze evidence regarding the valproate-boxed warnings for teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity, and pancreatitis, with a particular emphasis on the fetal risk. Data Sources A review of Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register, Google Scholar, manufacturer websites, and product labeling was performed from 1963 to February 2022, using the following search terms: valproate, valproic acid, depakote, teratogenicity, birth defects, fetal risk, hepatotoxicity, and pancreatitis. Relevant English-language studies and those conduced in humans were considered. Product labeling was also reviewed. Data Synthesis There is a significant fetal risk following in utero valproate exposure (risk of malformation development: 8.6% in 360 women in North America). Current labeling in the United States recommends co-prescribing effective contraception for women of childbearing age. The risk of hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis is much lower in the general population (1/20 000 and 1/40 000 patients, respectively) compared with those patients with certain risk factors who are taking valproate (1/500). Conclusions Overstated monitoring recommendations for the potential risk of hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis distracts from a much more common and severe risk of fetal harm. Clinicians must be diligent about discussing this risk with patients and documenting when this discussion occurs. Changes to the current recommendations for monitoring of the boxed warnings associated with valproate therapy should be considered, such as more stringent monitoring requirements for the inherent fetal risk. This could be accomplished through a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program or through institution-based policies and procedures. In addition, monitoring recommendations for the risk of hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis should account for contributing risk factors.
High pulse pressure predicts primary arteriovenous fistula failure within 1 year
Authors: Wu Chung-Cheng , Hung Hao-Chien , Kao Tsung-Chi , Hsin Chun-Hsien , Yu Sheng-Yueh , Hsieh Hung-Chang , Ko Po-Jen 
Published: April 2022

Background: The arteriovenous fistula is the preferred access route for hemodialysis, although its high primary failure rate remains a clinical challenge. Multiple studies have attempted to determine the risk factors for primary arteriovenous fistula failure; however, none have identified pulse pressure as a potential predictive marker. High pulse pressure is a surrogate poor arterial compliance endpoint and leads to inferior cardiovascular outcomes. Our aim was to determine whether elevated pulse pressure indicates poor arteriovenous fistula maturation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 274 patients who underwent an arteriovenous fistula index operation between September 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019. Demographic, clinical data, and operative parameters were collected and analyzed. The maximum follow-up period was 365 days. Arteriovenous fistula failure was defined as the inability to achieve functional use during the follow-up period. We identified risk factors for arteriovenous fistula failure by performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis using backward elimination procedures. Results: A total of 274 patients were included in the study. The patients’ average age was 61.3 ± 14.0 years, approximately half of the patients ( n = 161, 58.8%) were male, and the majority had hypertension. At the end of the follow-up period, 68 (24.8%) had arteriovenous fistula failure. The proportion of patients with pulse pressure values of >60 mmHg was significantly higher in the failure group than in the maturation group (66.0% vs 80.9%; p = 0.021). A PP value of >60 mmHg (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.14–4.42; p = 0.019) and coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–3.84; p = 0.045) were found to be independent risk factors for primary arteriovenous fistula failure. Conclusions: High pulse pressure is an independent risk factor for primary arteriovenous fistula failure.