bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and periodicities of annual rainfall over Ibadan region, Nigeria
Authors: Adejuwon Joseph Omoniyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiscovering trends and periodicities in the rainfall of a region provides essential information for understanding the climate especially the cyclic, periodic, persistent, or oscillatory patterns in rainfall. However, inadequate literature, lack of detailed research work, and data restriction to the 20th century necessitate the research. The research examines the trends and periodicities of rainfall over the Ibadan region from 1972 to 2020, Nigeria, using the Kendall tau correlation, the Spearman (rho) rank correlation, and the smoothed power spectral analysis. The results revealed upward trends in rainfall in all the stations, but only Idi‐Ayunre showed a significant trend (r = 0.034, 0.045) at p ≤ 0.05. Rainfall periodicities show that prominent short‐term periodicity of between 2.8 and 7.0 years and less prominent periodicity of 14.0 years were discovered in the rainfall series. The result provides a climatic shift toward increased rainfall and a wetter period. Thus, this study explains the trend and cyclic state of rainfall to water management for the Ibadan region and is important for agriculture and water resource planning.
Mapping of the Chemical Modifications of rRNAs
Authors: Yang Jun , Watzinger Peter , Sharma Sunny 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCellular RNAs, both coding and noncoding, contain several chemical modifications. Both ribose sugars and nitrogenous bases are targeted for these chemical additions. These modifications are believed to expand the topological potential of RNA molecules by bringing chemical diversity to otherwise limited repertoire. Here, using ribosomal RNA of yeast as an example, a detailed protocol for systematically mapping various chemical modifications to a single nucleotide resolution by a combination of Mung bean nuclease protection assay and RP-HPLC is provided. Molar levels are also calculated for each modification using their UV (254 nm) molar response factors that can be used for determining the amount of modifications at different residues in other RNA molecules. The chemical nature, their precise location and quantification of modifications will facilitate understanding the precise role of these chemical modifications in cellular physiology.
In Vitro Assembly of a Fully Reconstituted Yeast Translation System for Studies of Initiation and Elongation Phases of Protein Synthesis
Authors: Blanchet Sandra , Ranjan Namit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtein synthesis is an essential and highly regulated cellular process. To facilitate the understanding of eukaryotic translation, we have assembled an in vitro translation system from yeast using purified components to recapitulate the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis. Here, we describe methods to express and purify the components of the translation system and the assays for their functional characterization.
The Rights and Responsibilities of the Physician to Uphold Bioethical Values in Society
Authors: Fernandes Ashley K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I will reflect on medical ethics after the Holocaust by focusing on the rights and responsibilities of the physician to uphold bioethical values in society—which must transcend cultural, professional, and institutional mores. Physicians can do so only if: (a) They are called back to the value of the human person and the physician’s primary duty to uphold his or her good. (b) They acknowledge the hierarchical structure of medical education and resist reflexively the temptation to succumb to its moral dictates. (c) They promote a vigorous right of conscientious objection (CO), so that, if the time comes, they can defend their call to heal even against external pressures from the state, scientific establishment, and/or culture. (d) Finally, they remember those who suffered in the Holocaust both to honor them, and to remind physicians of what the power of medicine has done to degrade dignity, and what it has the potential to do to advance the dignity of all human persons.
The Physician at War
Authors: Eagan Sheena M. , Lederman Zohar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen examining bioethics and the Holocaust, the role of physicians is often shocking. As a society, we expect more of physicians. Learning about physician participation in the atrocities of the Holocaust prompts many questions: How did caregivers and healers become killers? How did physicians end up so intimately involved in war time atrocities? But the involvement of physicians in war atrocities is not unique to the Holocaust. Throughout history, medical professionals operating together with and in the name of the governing power and particularly the military, have played key roles in genocides, wars, and human rights violations. This chapter will explore the ethics of physician participation in war. We focus on the foundational and recurring issue known as “the problem of dual- loyalty”—the ethical tension of a single moral agent with two competing interests or sets of moral obligations. The underlying assumptions of this debate will be explored to examine how both the professions of medicine and the military involve a set of professional moral obligations that sometimes conflicts.
Bioethics and the Krankenmorde: Disability and Diversity
Authors: Light Edwina , Robertson Michael , Lipworth Wendy , Walter Garry , Little Miles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBetween 1933 and 1945, almost 300,000 people were murdered and 360,000 sterilized by the National Socialist (Nazi) regime under a group of crimes now collectively known as the Krankenmorde, the murder of the sick and disabled. Founded in narrow-minded and inconsistent accounts of a good and valuable life, the Nazi eugenic and “euthanasia” crimes were brutal and violent acts organized and executed by doctors, nurses and other professionals. Acknowledgement of this group of victims was delayed and obscured due to historical events as well as prevailing political and social attitudes toward mental illness and disability. As a result, the breadth of the Krankemorde crimes and its victims, its relationship to the Holocaust and its contemporary significance–to bioethics and society more broadly–is less recognized or understood than that of other Nazi medical crimes, such as the infamous experiments on prisoners. First presenting a history of the Krankenmorde and its aftermath in Germany and Nazi occupied territories, this chapter goes on to examine the value of bioethics having better knowledge of this part of its history and, in particular, engaging with its own epistemic constraints in relation to disability and ableism. These ideas are explored further in the context of contemporary bioethical issues related to the rights and treatment of people with disabilities, specifically the allocation of health resources. Throughout the chapter we seek to highlight the lives of Krankenmorde victims–those who survived and those who did not–all of whom have been historically overlooked and marginalized.
Employment trajectories until midlife in schizophrenia and other psychoses: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Majuri Tuomas , Alakokkare Anni-Emilia , Haapea Marianne , Nordström Tanja , Miettunen Jouko , Jääskeläinen Erika , Ala-Mursula Leena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Psychoses are associated with poor labour market attachment, but few studies have compared schizophrenia (SZ) and other psychoses (OP). Moreover, studies on long-term employment trajectories over individuals’ working life courses are lacking. We compared 30 year employment trajectory patterns in a general population sample among individuals with SZ, OP, and those with no psychosis (NP).

Methods
Utilising the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, we collected survey data on employment from ages 16 to 45 and detected individuals with register-based history of SZ (n = 62), OP (n = 87), or NP (n = 6464) until age 46. Through gender-specific latent class analyses on annual employment roles, we identified traditional, highly educated, self-employed, delayed and floundering employment trajectories with distinct socioeconomic characteristics. We addressed attrition by conducting weighted analyses.

Results
Floundering trajectories were common among individuals with SZ (79% of men, 73% of women) and OP (52% of men, 51% of women). In NP, a traditional employee trajectory was most common in men (31%), and a highly educated trajectory in women (28%). A history of psychosis was associated with heightened odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for floundering trajectories in both men (SZ: 32.9 (13.3–81.4); OP: 7.4 (4.0–13.9)) and women (SZ: 9.9 (4.6–21.5); OP: 3.9 (2.1–7.1)) compared to NP. Weighted analyses produced similar results.

Conclusion
Most individuals with SZ or OP have floundering employee trajectories reflecting an elevated risk of unemployment and part-time work until midlife. These results indicate the importance of improving labour market attachment during the early phases of psychoses.
Konservative Therapie von Verletzungen des Akromioklavikulargelenks
Authors: Bouaicha Samy 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungNiedriggradige Verletzungen (Grad I und II nach Rockwood) des Akromioklavikulargelenks (ACG) können in den meisten Fällen mit gutem Outcome konservativ behandelt werden. Hierbei gibt es keine Methode der Immobilisation, welche sich als Überlegen herausgestellt hätte. Höhergradige Verletzungen (Grad IV und V), welche eine relevante Instabilität und konsekutiv häufig eine Dyskinesie des skapulothorakalen Rhythmus zur Folge haben, profitieren von einer chirurgischen Rekonstruktion. Kein Konsens trotz breiter akademischer Diskussion besteht bei Grad-III-Verletzungen. In Langzeitstudien und im Rahmen von Metaanalysen zeigten sich keine Vorteile eines operativen Vorgehens gegenüber der konservativen Behandlung nach 1 bis 2 Jahren, während einzelne Fallserien Vorteile in der anatomischen Rekonstruktion aufzeigten, insbesondere wenn für das ACG spezifische Outcome-Scores verwendet wurden. In Grenzfällen sollte das individuelle Arbeits- und Sportprofil, insbesondere regelmäßige Überkopfaktivität, in die therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung einfließen. Sowohl bei niedrig- wie auch hochgradigen Verletzungen des ACG kann durch eine fokussierte Therapie zur Verbesserung der skapulothorakalen Mobilität und Stabilität eine Skapuladyskinesie in vielen Fällen (gelegentlich auch ≥ Grad III nach Rockwood) vermieden oder erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Approaches for assessing performance of high-resolution mass spectrometry–based non-targeted analysis methods
Authors: Fisher Christine M. , Peter Katherine T. , Newton Seth R. , Schaub Andrew J. , Sobus Jon R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon-targeted analysis (NTA) using high-resolution mass spectrometry has enabled the detection and identification of unknown and unexpected compounds of interest in a wide range of sample matrices. Despite these benefits of NTA methods, standardized procedures do not yet exist for assessing performance, limiting stakeholders’ abilities to suitably interpret and utilize NTA results. Herein, we first summarize existing performance assessment metrics for targeted analyses to provide context and clarify terminology that may be shared between targeted and NTA methods (e.g., terms such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and selectivity). We then discuss promising approaches for assessing NTA method performance, listing strengths and key caveats for each approach, and highlighting areas in need of further development. To structure the discussion, we define three types of NTA study objectives: sample classification, chemical identification, and chemical quantitation. Qualitative study performance (i.e., focusing on sample classification and/or chemical identification) can be assessed using the traditional confusion matrix, with some challenges and limitations. Quantitative study performance can be assessed using estimation procedures developed for targeted methods with consideration for additional sources of uncontrolled experimental error. This article is intended to stimulate discussion and further efforts to develop and improve procedures for assessing NTA method performance. Ultimately, improved performance assessments will enable accurate communication and effective utilization of NTA results by stakeholders.
Graphical abstract
Dry-cured loin characterization by ultrasound physicochemical and sensory parameters
Authors: Jiménez Antonio , González-Mohino Alberto , Rufo Montaña , Paniagua Jesús M. , Antequera Teresa , Perez-Palacios Trinidad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ultrasound inspection and quality determinations to characterize two commercial categories of dry-cured pork loin, labelled as green (GL) and red (RL). For this objective, ultrasound inspection was carried out for two different frequencies (500 and 1000 kHz), considering parameters of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), frequency components related to the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and variables related to the attenuation. Physicochemical (moisture and fat content, water activity, instrumental color), instrumental texture (TPA) and sensory analyses (QDA) were also carried out. Moreover, quality and ultrasonic parameters were subjected to a correlation analysis (Pearson). Several physicochemical, instrumental texture and sensory parameters allowed to discriminate the dry-cured loin category. Moreover, high significant correlations were found among quality and acoustics parameters. Thus, ultrasound inspection can determine quality parameters indirectly without the limitations of traditional methodologies, postulating as a tool for characterizing dry-cured loin samples of different category with a promising predictive nature. This work has showed new findings for dry-cured meat products that may be of interest to the meat industry.
Spinors and mass on weighted manifolds
Authors: Baldauf Julius , Ozuch Tristan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper generalizes classical spin geometry to the setting of weighted manifolds (manifolds with density) and provides applications to the Ricci flow. Spectral properties of the naturally associated weighted Dirac operator, introduced by Perelman, and its relationship with the weighted scalar curvature are investigated. Further, a generalization of the ADM mass for weighted asymptotically Euclidean (AE) manifolds is defined; on manifolds with nonnegative weighted scalar curvature, it satisfies a weighted Witten formula and thereby a positive weighted mass theorem. Finally, on such manifolds, Ricci flow is the gradient flow of said weighted ADM mass, for a natural choice of weight function. This yields a monotonicity formula for the weighted spinorial Dirichlet energy of a weighted Witten spinor along Ricci flow.
The Galois action on symplectic K-theory
Authors: Feng Tony , Galatius Soren , Venkatesh Akshay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study a symplectic variant of algebraic K-theory of the integers, which comes equipped with a canonical action of the absolute Galois group of $${\mathbf {Q}}$$
Q
. We compute this action explicitly. The representations we see are extensions of Tate twists $${\mathbf {Z}}_p(2k-1)$$

Z
p

(
2
k
-
1
)

by a trivial representation, and we characterize them by a universal property among such extensions. The key tool in the proof is the theory of complex multiplication for abelian varieties.
The incidence of cerebral arterial vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Donaldson Lachlan , Edington Ashleigh , Vlok Ruan , Astono Inez , Iredale Tom , Flower Oliver , Ma Alice , Davidson Keryn , Delaney Anthony 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose

To describe a pooled estimated incidence of cerebral arterial vasospasm (aVSP) following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and to describe sources of variation in the reported incidence.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. The primary outcome was the proportion of study participants diagnosed with aVSP. We assessed for heterogeneity based on mode of imaging, indication for imaging, study design and clinical characteristics at a study level.

Results
We identified 120 studies, including 19,171 participants. More than 40 different criteria were used to diagnose aVSP. The pooled estimate of the proportion of patients diagnosed with aVSP was 0.42 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.46, I2 = 96.5%). There was no evidence that the incidence aVSP was different, nor that heterogeneity was reduced, when the estimate was assessed by study type, imaging modalities, the proportion of participants with high grade CT scores or poor grade clinical scores. The pooled estimate of the proportion of study participants diagnosed with aVSP was higher in studies with routine imaging (0.47, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.52, I2 = 96.5%) compared to those when imaging was performed when indicated (0.30, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.36, I2 = 94.0%, p for between-group difference < 0.0005).

Conclusion
The incidence of cerebral arterial vasospasm following aSAH varies widely from 9 to 93% of study participants. Heterogeneity in the reported incidence may be due to variation in the criteria used to diagnose aVSP. A standard set of diagnostic criteria is necessary to resolve the role that aVSP plays in delayed neurological deterioration following aSAH.

PROSPERO registration
CRD42020191895
Do female amphibians and reptiles have greater reproductive output if they have more mates?
Authors: Lee Patricia L. M. , Sherman Craig D. H. , Rollins Lee A. , Wapstra Erik , Phillips Karl P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In general, males mate with multiple females to increase individual reproductive success. Whether or not, and under what circumstances, females benefit from multiple mating has been less clear. Our review of 154 studies covering 184 populations of amphibians and reptiles showed that polyandry was widespread and variable among and within taxonomic groups. We investigated whether amphibian and reptile females had greater reproductive output as the number of sires for offspring increased. Meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the dataset of all taxa. Expected heterozygosity was a significant moderator (covariate) of positive relationships between female reproductive output and the number of sires, but a sensitivity test showed the result was tenuous. Significant heterogeneity remained despite controlling for expected heterozygosity and other variables but was resolved for most taxonomic groups with subgroup meta-analyses. Subgroup meta-analyses showed that only female salamanders (Caudata) had significantly greater reproductive output with an increased number of sires. For many species of Caudata, males cannot coerce females into accepting spermatophores. We therefore suggest that if females control the number of matings, they can use polyandry to increase their fitness. Caudata offers ideal models with which to test this hypothesis and to explore factors enabling and maintaining the evolution of female choice. Outstanding problems may be addressed by expanding taxonomic coverage and data collection and improving data reporting.

Significance Statement
Many factors and combinations of factors drive polyandry. Whether or not females benefit from mating with more than one male remains equivocal. Focusing on amphibians and reptiles, our analyses demonstrate that female salamanders produced more offspring when mated with multiple males, whereas this was not the case for reptiles. Unlike many other species in our dataset, the polyandrous female salamanders fully control sperm intake and have chosen to mate multiple times. We further highlight problems and key directions for future research in the field.
Male–male associations in spotted bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus maculatus) exhibit attributes of courtship coalitions
Authors: Spezie Giovanni , Fusani Leonida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite strong selective pressures inherent in competition for mates, in species with non-resource-based mating systems males commonly engage in non-agonistic interactions with same-sex visitors at display arenas. Bowerbirds perform courtship dances on elaborate display structures — known as bowers — that are built and defended by one resident male. Several reports have suggested that bower owners tolerate the presence of specific male visitors at their display arenas, referred to here as ‘subordinates’. Subordinate males may learn the skills required for successful sexual signalling via prolonged social interactions at adults’ arenas, but little is known about whether courtship proficiency changes with experience and/or whether subordinates actively contribute to enhancing the resident male’s mating success. In this study, we investigated male-male associations in wild spotted bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus maculatus). We first sought to determine whether courtship behaviour differs based on bower ownership status. We then examined whether social interactions between bower owners and subordinate males may qualify as courtship coalitions. Our analysis of courtship postural components did not reveal differences in timing or relative occurrence of postural components between subordinate males and bower owners, whereas we found evidence that male-male associations in spotted bowerbirds may provide an example of rudimentary courtship coalitions. In particular, higher subordinate attendance is associated with lower destruction rates by neighbouring rivals and with overall higher mating success, and male pairs are stable in subsequent years. This study provides novel information about social dynamics among male bowerbirds, and further insights into the evolution of coalitionary behaviour in male displays.Significance statementSame-sex associations between established males and subordinate visitors on display arenas are common in birds, yet poorly understood. Using video recordings from a population of wild spotted bowerbirds,Ptilonorhynchus maculatus, we performed a quantitative analysis on motor courtship components across males, and on their social interactions on display arenas to investigate the nature of male–male partnerships. Our results showed that motor courtship performance in subordinate visitors is not suggestive of an early ontogenetic stage, as previously speculated. Moreover, though bower ‘owners’ and subordinate males do not coordinate their behaviour during courtship or bower building, male–male partnerships may qualify as a rudimentary or incipient form of courtship coalitions. Subordinate males are tolerated at bowers, the magnitude of subordinate attendance correlates with owner males’ mating success, and repeated interactions between individuals reveal consistent partner associations.