bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Health Inequalities: Social Networks in the Context of Health and Health Behavior
Authors: Gamper Markus , Seidel Julia , Kupfer Annett , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are significant differences in morbidity (incidence of disease) and mortality (death rate) between men and women. By puberty, male adolescents are more likely to have health problems. During puberty, girls suffer from chronic and mental illnesses and male adolescents are more likely to suffer from acute and life-threatening diseases. Boys and men have riskier health behavior. The field of research mainly relates to the binarity of the sexes—men and women. Studies on trans and queer persons are rare in this field. Networks have a gender-specific effect on risk behavior. Women provide more and more time-consuming social support, even in case of illness. After widowhood, networks have both negative and positive effects, which are gender-specific.
Social Networks and Disability: Access to and Stabilization of Integration into the Primary Labor Market
Authors: Zapfel Stefan , Reims Nancy , Niehaus Mathilde 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial science research and official statistics repeatedly point to the poor employment prospects of people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities (Eichhorst et al., 2010, p. 7; WHO, 2011, p. 237; Engels et al., 2017, p. 166 ff.; von Kardorff et al., 2013, p. 7 ff.; Pfaff, 2012, p. 235 ff.; Rauch, 2005, p. 28 ff.). People with disabilities are therefore also less likely to benefit from the manifest and latent functions of employment (Jahoda, 1983). The manifest functions include financial resources and access to the social security system. The latent functions encompass, for example, predefined time structures, the existence of common goals, social and professional prestige, the possibility to perform an activity experienced as meaningful, and the establishment and maintenance of social contacts. Deficits in access to the latent functions of employment are one of the main factors that explain the generally poorer health status of the unemployed (Batinic et al., 2010; Jahoda, 1982).
Desiderata: Social Networks and Health Inequalities: Which Questions Remain Open?
Authors: Reis Olaf , Adebahr Philip , Brandt Stefan , Ellwardt Lea , Gamper Markus , Hoffmann Laura , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas , Knabe André , Krug Gerhard , Kupfer Annett , Lois Daniel , Mlinarić Martin , Moor Irene , Müller Britta , Niehaus Mathilde , Reims Nancy , Richter Matthias , Seidel Julia , von der Lippe Holger , Vonneilich Nico , Zapfel Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract“Tell me how much your friends earn, and I’ll tell you if you smoke, what diseases you have and how long your life will be!” With this somewhat pointed statement, we wanted to shed light on the empirically well-confirmed connection between social and health inequalities from the perspective of network research at the beginning of this book (see chapter “Social networks and health inequalities: a new perspective for research”). Social networks are understood here as mediating entities at an intermediate or meso-level, whose structure and function mediate between vertical (income, education, occupational status, etc.) as well as horizontal (e.g., age, gender, ethnic origin) inequalities and health inequalities (e.g., life expectancy, morbidity rates). Besides this mediating influence a moderating relationship wherein social networks amplify or diminish vertical and horizontal inequalities seems to be reasonable.
Social Network Theories: An Overview
Authors: Gamper Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegarding network theory, John Scott argues:“[...] [T]heoretical work has long been underdeveloped in social network analysis. While the methods themselves do not require or imply any particular sociological theory, they do require theoretical contextualisation in wider debates” (Scott,2011, p. 24).Although the theorization of networks has long been neglected, there has been intensive theoretical debate on the concept of social relations and their structures since the early twentieth century. It is generally assumed that people are embedded in relationships and cannot be viewed in isolation from their social environment. Individual dyads, relationships between two actors, are connected to larger units, so-called networks. Networks are located at the meso-level. They are thus a link between the micro-level, or the individual action (agency), and the macro-level, or the institutions (Weyer, 2012, p. 241). Accordingly, networks consist of actors who build relationships with one another and those relationships create overall social structures. The theoretical interest is not based on so-called classical attributes of individuals, like gender, race, or age, or characteristics of institutions, but on relationships and their structures and the embedding of the actors within a network. The starting point of research questions includes relations, the embeddedness of the individuals within a network, and the interaction between social structure and individual attributes.
Social Networks, Health, and Health Inequalities in Youth
Authors: Moor Irene , Hoffmann Laura , Mlinarić Martin , Richter Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince 1960s school-based surveys also focused on social networks of young people. In comparison with other life stages, the evidence regarding social network research is more advanced for school-aged children. These studies identified that homophile of peer groups in adolescence can be attributed to two mechanisms: the thesis of social influence (young people adapt to health and health behaviour of their friends) and the thesis of selection (adolescents choose their friends according to whether they show the same attitudes and (health) behavior as they do themselves). The existing studies focused especially on substance use (smoking and drinking) but also on physical activity and nutrition and to a lesser extent also on mental health, where both these are relevant. However, for explaining health inequalities the evidence is scarce. This chapter will give an overview of social network research on young people and will give insights into the few existing studies regarding the explanation of health inequalities in adolescence (especially regarding smoking). It will also emphasize the need for further research in explaining health inequalities (beyond tobacco consumption) as well as longitudinal research designs.
Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Young and Middle Adulthood
Authors: von der Lippe Holger , Reis Olaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we deal with the health and inequality aspects of networks from a psychological and sociological life span perspective. In doing so, we pay attention to the mutual interactions between health, social inequality, and networks in the context of biographical transitions that decisively shape the life course of adults. We focus exclusively on young and middle adulthood—here roughly defined as the age span between 20 and 60 years. We introduce the disciplinary perspectives and paradigms that deal with the topic of networks and health inequalities in different phases of life. We present theories that describe interactions between these concepts, and we summarize the state of research on the relationships between social and health inequalities, networks and health, and inequalities, networks, and health. We conclude with a summary and some desiderata for future research.
GPU Accelerated Modelling and Forecasting for Large Time Series
Authors: Filelis - Papadopoulos Christos K. , Morrison John P. , O‘Reilly Philip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModelling of large scale data series is of significant importance in fields such as astrophysics and finance. The continuous increase in available data requires new computational approaches such as the use of multicore processors and accelerators. Recently, a novel time series modelling and forecasting method was proposed, based on a recursively updated pseudoinverse matrix which enhances parsimony by enabling assessment of basis functions, before inclusion into the final model. Herewith, a novel GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) accelerated matrix based auto-regressive variant is presented, which utilizes lagged versions of a time series and interactions between them to form a model. The original approach is reviewed and a matrix multiplication based variant is proposed. The GPU accelerated and hybrid parallel versions are introduced, utilizing single and mixed precision arithmetic to increase GPU performance. Discussions around performance improvement and high order interactions are given. A block processing approach is also introduced to reduce memory requirements for the accelerator. Furthermore, the inclusion of constraints in the computation of weights, corresponding to the basis functions, with respect to the parallel implementation are discussed. The approach is assessed in a series of model problems and discussions are provided.
Real-Time Human Activity Recognition in Smart Home on Embedded Equipment: New Challenges
Authors: Najeh Houda , Lohr Christophe , Leduc Benoit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuilding Energy Management (BEM) and monitoring systems should not only consider HVAC systems and building physics but also human behaviors. These systems could provide information and advice to occupants about the significance of their practices with regard to the current state of a dwelling. It is also possible to provide services such as assistance to the elderly, comfort and health monitoring. For this, an intelligent building must know the daily activities of its residents and the algorithms of the smart environment must track and recognize the activities that the occupants normally perform as part of their daily routine. In the literature, deep learning is one of effective supervised learning model and cost-efficient for real-time HAR, but it still struggles with the quality of training data (missing values in time series and non-annotated event), the variability of data, the data segmentation and the ontology of activities. In this work, recent research works, existing algorithms and related challenges in this field are firstly highlighted. Then, new research directions and solutions (performing fault detection and diagnosis for drift detection, multi-label classification modeling for multi-occupant classification, new indicators for training data quality, new metrics weighted by the number of representations in dataset to handle the issue of missing data and finally language processing for complex activity recognition) are suggested to solve them respectively and to improve this field.
Design COVID-19 Ontology: A Healthcare and Safety Perspective
Authors: Mcheick Hamid , Nasser Youmna , Al Wardani Farah , Msheik Batoul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has flooded a vast amount of information into the world. To help control this situation, good utilization of the overflow in data is required. However, data come in different forms, posing numerous challenges in subsequent processing. Therefore, a uniform knowledge representation of COVID-19 information is needed, and ontology can play a role. The ontology will model patient healthcare-related data, ranging from symptoms to side effects and medical conditions, and the necessary precautions, especially for healthcare workers, to obtain protection from the COVID-19 virus. We followed Sánchez’s methodology to build the vocabularies, which include current ontology concepts, W3C standards RDF, OWL and SWRL. This work shows promising results that can be applied by different organizations.
Social Response to COVID-19 SMART Dashboard: Proposal for Case Study
Authors: Zaballa Karenina , Fernandez Gabriela , Maione Carol , Bonnici Norbert , Carter Jarai , Vito Domenico , Tsou Ming-Hsiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic took a toll on the world’s healthcare infrastructure as well as its social, economic, and psychological well-being. In particular, Italy’s unexpectedly high COVID-19 case and death rate from March to June, 2020, captured headlines due to its speed and virulence. Many governments are currently implementing measures to help contain and slow down the spread of COVID-19. The Social Response to Covid-19 Smart Dashboard was built by researchers at the Metabolism of Cities Living Lab, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age at San Diego State University and Politecnico di Milano. This dashboard provides an aggregated view of what people in 10 Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Venice, Turin, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, Bari, Palermo, and Cagliari) tweet during the pandemic by monitoring social media behaviors in the north, center, south, and islands. Moreover, the dashboard is a geo-targeted search tool for Twitter messages to monitor the diffusion of information and social behavior changes which provides an automatic procedure to help researchers to: associate tweets based on geography differences, filter noises such as removing redundant retweets and using machine learning methods to improve precisions, analyze social media data from a spatiotemporal perspective, and visualize social media data in various aspects such as weekly trends, top urls, top retweets, top mentions, and top hashtags. The Social Response to Covid-19 SMART Dashboard provides a useful tool for policy makers, city planners, research organizations, and health officials to monitor real-time societal perceptions using social media.
Tree-Based Models for Pain Detection from Biomedical Signals
Authors: Shi Heng , Chikhaoui Belkacem , Wang Shengrui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor medical treatments, pain is often measured by self-report. However, the current subjective pain assessment highly depends on the patient’s response and is therefore unreliable. In this paper, we propose a physiological-signals-based objective pain recognition method that can extract new features, which have never been discovered in pain detection, from electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. To discriminate the absence and presence of pain, we establish four classification tasks and build four tree-based classifiers, including Random Forest, Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and TabNet. The comparative experiments demonstrate that our method using the EDA and ECG features yields accurate classification results. Furthermore, the TabNet achieves a large accuracy improvement using our ECG features and a classification accuracy of 94.51% using the features selected from the fusion of the two signals.
An Exploratory Study on Development Smart Cradle for Women with Spinal Cord Injury: Focus Group Interview
Authors: Kim Jae-nam , Yang Ha-yeon , Kim Min-kyung , Kim Hyun-kyung , Shim Sun-hwa , Kim Eun-joo , Jang Wan-ho , Jo Sun-young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study is preliminary research to develop a smart cradle for women with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for improvement of the product and important factors related to product development. A focus group interview was conducted with a total of 5 women with spinal cord injury who had experienced parenting after spinal cord injury. After recording all of the focus group interviews, researchers individually analyzed the content and integrated the results. Easy access cradle design for wheelchair users, attachment of wheelchair and cradle when moving at home, an open and lockable door one side of the cradle were required in cradle structures. Electronic height adjustment, bounce mode, children’s motion sensor, and function linked with a smartphone should be reflected in the development of the cradle. This result is meaningful in that it suggests points to be considered in the process of developing an assistive device by reflecting the desire to understand the grievance women with spinal cord injury when parenting.
A Systematic Review on the Development of Clothing for People with Disability in Korea
Authors: Yang Ha-yeon , Kim Hyun-kyung , Kim Min-kyung , Shim Sun-hwa , Kim Eun-ju , Kim Jae-nam , Jo Sun-young , Jang Wan-ho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs the number of people with disabilities continues to increase, difficulties in dressing activities for people with disabilities are also increasing. However, the currently available clothing for the disabled do not satisfy their functional and aesthetic needs. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to vitalizing the development of clothing for the disabled in Korea by collecting domestic study on the development of clothing for the disabled and analyzing them in various areas. Finally, 5 studies were selected. As a result of classifying into 4 areas of body type, considerations, points for improvement, and design, it can be used as basic data for study related to the development of clothing for the disabled.
Empowering Well-Being Through Conversational Coaching for Active and Healthy Ageing
Authors: McTear Michael , Jokinen Kristiina , Dubey Mohnish , Chollet Gérard , Boudy Jérôme , Lohr Christophe , Roelen Sonja Dana , Mössing Wanja , Wieching Rainer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith life expectancy growing rapidly over the past century, societies are being increasingly faced with a need to find smart living solutions for elderly care and active ageing. The e-VITA project, which is a joint European (H2020) and Japanese (MIC) funded project, is based on an innovative approach to virtual coaching that addresses the crucial domains of active and healthy ageing. In this paper we describe the role of spoken dialogue technology in the project. Requirements for the virtual coach were elicited through a process of participatory design in workshops, focus groups, and living labs, and a number of use cases were identified for development using the open-source RASA framework. Knowledge Graphs are used as a shared representation within the system, enabling an integration of multimodal data, context, and domain knowledge.
In-Air Handwriting Recognition Using Acoustic Impulse Signals
Authors: Niu Kai , Zhang Fusang , Fu Xiaolai , Jin Beihong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents AcousticPAD, a contactless and robust handwriting recognition system that extends the input and interactions beyond the touchscreen using acoustic signals, thus very useful under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. To achieve this, we carefully exploit acoustic pulse signals with high accuracy of time of fight (ToF) measurements. Then we employ trilateration localization method to capture the trajectory of handwriting in air. After that, we incorporate a data augmentation module to enhance the handwriting recognition performance. Finally, we customize a back propagation neural network that leverages augmented image dataset to train a model and recognize the acoustic system generated handwriting characters. We implement AcousticPAD prototype using cheap commodity acoustic sensors, and conduct extensive real environment experiments to evaluate its performance. The results validate the robustness of AcousticPAD, and show that it supports 10 digits and 26 English letters recognition at high accuracies.
Modeling IoT Design Patterns Proven Correct by Construction
Authors: Tounsi Imen , Khalfi Najeh , Saidi Abdessamad , Hadj Kacem Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFormal method techniques are used to model complex systems as mathematical entities. By building mathematical rigorous models of IoT design patterns, it is possible to verify their properties in a thorough fashion. In this paper, we propose a refinement-based approach for modeling IoT design patterns. It allows the modeling of correct by construction IoT design patterns. It takes advantage of formal methods by the specification of design pattern models with the Event-B method and checking the design correctness. Our goal is to design IoT patterns proven correct by construction to successfully apply them and promote their reuse. Our approach is experimented through pattern examples and we illustrate it with a case study in the health care domain.
Smart Technology in the Home for People Living in the Community with Mental Illness and Physical Comorbidities
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Rudnick Abraham , Corring Deborah , Lizotte Daniel , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Booth Richard , Frampton Barbara , Mann Rupinder , Serrato Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated a smart technology intervention in the home as a support for individuals with severe mental illness. This study recruited 13 participants in a variety of community-based homes. Participants were offered a smartphone, a touchscreen monitor and health devices such as smartwatches, weigh-scales, and automated medication dispensers. Data was exported to the Lawson Integrated DataBase for care providers to monitor/track. Interviews with participants and focus groups with participants and care providers were conducted at baseline, 6-months and 12-months, and survey instruments were used to collect quantitative data about different dimensions of health and social determinants. Descriptive statistics from these outcome measures are presented as the sample size was too small for meaningful statistical inference. Qualitative analyses revealed a high degree of acceptability of the devices and motivation for healthy living, communication and mental health. Health Care Providers also noted improvements to client health. This study proves the feasibility of deploying smart technologies to support individuals with severe mental illness. Future scale-up would further our understanding of their impacts.
„Ein Lannister begleicht immer seine Schulden“: Was bedeutet dieses Motto aus schuldrechtlicher Sicht?
Authors: Laimer Simon , Eder Susanna 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird der inoffizielle Familienwahlspruch „Ein Lannister begleicht immer seine Schulden“ aus privatrechtlicher Sicht betrachtet. Zwar mag die Familie Lannister den Ausspruch inflationär verwenden, aber von der wohl reichsten und ältesten Dynastie in Westeros kommend, hat er dennoch eine starke Symbolwirkung. Das Haus Lannister kann es sich leisten, sich aus (fast) jeder Situation herauszukaufen. Der Wahlspruch soll somit die Liquidität der Familie widerspiegeln, sodass man einem Lannister ohne Sorge Kredit gewähren können sollte. Doch wie verhält es sich aus rechtlicher Sicht, wenn etwa Tyrion, gefangen im Mondtor auf der Burg Hohenehr, das Familienmotto als Bekräftigung seines Schuldversprechens heranzieht? Man könnte zunächst an eine rechtsgeschäftliche Garantie denken, wonach der Versprechende für den zugesagten Erfolg einsteht und bei Ausbleiben auf volle Genugtuung haftet. Will Tyrion damit darüber hinaus aussagen, dass seine Familie für ihn einsteht, so muss man zwischen einer Verwendungszusage und einer Leistungsgarantie unterscheiden. Des Weiteren ist jener Fall zu würdigen, in dem z. B. Tywin Lannister, Oberhaupt des Hauses und Lord von Casterlystein, verspricht, für die Schulden seiner Kinder einzustehen, könnte es sich dabei doch möglicherweise um eine persönliche Kreditsicherheit handeln, die freilich ihrerseits rechtlich einzuordnen ist.