bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics with various pore densities
Authors: Wang Enyu , Shi Zhongtian , Chen Miaomiao , Tang Shiqian , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
SiC foam ceramics are extensively used in numerous industrial applications that require high-temperature conditions. They can be used as thermal insulation, structural catalyst supports and energy storage materials. In this article, effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics at high temperature is studied by steady plane heat source method. This research aims to investigate the variations of effective thermal conductivity with pore density, stacking thickness, heat source temperature, and pore arrangement structure of foam ceramics. By a comparison of effective thermal conductivities of various pore density ceramic sheets, the experimental results show that the effective thermal conductivity of foam ceramics decreases with the increase of the pore density and stacking thickness. The effective thermal conductivity of the foam ceramics increases significantly when the heat source temperature is more than 200°C. For modular SiC foam ceramics, increasing the average pore density and sudden change of the pore density between ceramic sheets are not conducive to the increase of the effective thermal conductivity.
The Metabolite Saccharopine Impairs Neuronal Development by Inhibiting the Neurotrophic Function of Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
Authors: Guo Ye , Wu Junjie , Wang Min , Wang Xin , Jian Youli , Yang Chonglin , Guo Weixiang 
Published: February 2022

Mutations in theAminoadipate-Semialdehyde Synthase(AASS) gene encoding α-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase lead to hyperlysinemia-I, a benign metabolic variant without clinical significance, and hyperlysinemia-II with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Although both forms of hyperlysinemia display biochemical phenotypes of questionable clinical significance, an association between neurologic disorder and a pronounced biochemical abnormality remains a challenging clinical question. Here, we report that Aass mutant male and female mice carrying the R65Q mutation in α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) domain have an elevated cerebral lysine level and a normal brain development, whereas the Aass mutant mice carrying the G489E mutation in saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) domain exhibit elevations of both cerebral lysine and saccharopine levels and a smaller brain with defective neuronal development. Mechanistically, the accumulated saccharopine, but not lysine, leads to impaired neuronal development by inhibiting the neurotrophic effect of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). While extracellular supplementation of GPI restores defective neuronal development caused by G498E mutation in SDH of Aass. Altogether, our findings not only unravel the requirement for saccharopine degradation in neuronal development, but also provide the mechanistic insights for understanding the neurometabolic disorder of hyperlysinemia-II.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe association between neurologic disorder and a pronounced biochemical abnormality in hyperlysinemia remains a challenging clinical question. Here, we report that mice carrying the R65Q mutation in lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) domain of aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase (AASS) have an elevated cerebral lysine levels and a normal brain development, whereas those carrying the G489E mutation in saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) domain of AASS exhibit an elevation of both cerebral lysine and saccharopine and a small brain with defective neuronal development. Furthermore, saccharopine impairs neuronal development by inhibiting the neurotrophic effect of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). These findings demonstrate saccharopine degradation is essential for neuronal development.
Distinct Medial Orbitofrontal–Striatal Circuits Support Dissociable Component Processes of Risk/Reward Decision-Making
Authors: Jenni Nicole L. , Rutledge Griffin , Floresco Stan B. 
Published: February 2022

The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) regulates a variety of cognitive functions, including refining action selection involving reward uncertainty. This region sends projections to numerous subcortical targets, including the ventral and dorsal striatum, yet how these corticostriatal circuits differentially regulate risk/reward decision-making is unknown. The present study examined the contribution of mOFC circuits linking the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) to risk/reward decision-making using pharmacological disconnections. Male rats were well trained on a probabilistic discounting task involving choice between small/certain or large/risky rewards, with the probability of obtaining the larger reward decreasing or increasing over a session. Disconnection of mOFC-striatal pathways was achieved using infusions of GABA agonists inactivating the mOFC in one hemisphere, combined with NAc or DMS inactivation in the contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere. Perturbing mOFC → NAc circuits induced suboptimal, near-random patterns of choice that manifested as a flattening of the discounting curve. Animals were equally likely to stay or shift following rewarded/nonrewarded choices, suggesting this pathway mediates use of information about reward history to stabilize decision biases. In contrast, mOFC → DMS disconnection impaired adjustments in decision biases, causing opposing changes in risky choice depending on how probabilities varied over time. This was driven by alterations in lose-shift behavior, suggesting mOFC → DMS circuits track volatility in nonrewarded actions to adjust choice in accordance with changes in profitability. Thus, separate mOFC-striatal projection pathways regulate dissociable processes underlying decision-making, with mOFC → NAc circuits aiding in establishing and stabilizing tasks states and mOFC → DMS circuits facilitating transitions across states to promote flexible reward seeking.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe medial orbitofrontal cortex regulates a variety of goal-directed behaviors, yet the functional circuits through which it mediates higher order decision-making functions are unclear. The present study revealed that different mOFC projection pathways facilitate diverse aspects of decision-making involving risks and rewards by engaging separate networks of neurons that interface with distinct ventral and dorsal striatal targets. These findings clarify some of the normal functions of these corticostriatal pathways and may have implications for understanding how dysfunction in these circuits relate to certain psychiatric disorders.
The Idea of the “General Clause” in American Labor Law
Authors: Szymanski Charles F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEuropean legal systems have long encompassed the concept of the “general clause”, particularly in contract and labor law. The general clause includes unwritten legal norms such as good faith and public morality, and these principles are duly incorporated in the process of construing civil and labor contracts. While the general clause itself is formally absent in common law systems, its principles have found their way into modern British and American law. Two primary examples include the doctrines of good faith and unconscionability. In a broader sense, the idea of introducing rather indeterminate legal norms to be construed and interpreted by judges appears to be well-suited to a common law system. However, as applied to American labor law, the very indeterminacy of these terms has had rather negative effects on the rights of employees and the labor unions that represent them. Specifically, this article examines the good faith requirement in collective bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and the doctrine of unconscionability in employment arbitration agreements, and concludes that they both should be supplemented by more definite standards in order to effectively protect employees.
A Test-to-Stay Modified Quarantine Program for COVID-19 in Schools
Authors: Schechter-Perkins Elissa M. , Doron Shira , Johnston Russell , Hay Jeremiah , Berlin David , Ciaranello Andrea , Nelson Sandra B. , Gormley Jenny M. , Smole Sandra C. , Brown Catherine M , Madoff Lawrence C. , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Mandatory quarantine upon exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in a substantial number of lost days of school. We hypothesized that implementation of a state-wide test-to-stay (TTS) program would allow more students to participate in in-person learning, and not cause additional clusters of COVID-19 cases due to in-school transmission.

METHODS
For the 2020–2021 academic year, Massachusetts implemented an opt-in TTS program, in which students exposed to COVID-19 in school are tested each school day with a rapid antigen test. If negative, students may participate in school-related activities that day. Testing occurs daily for a duration of 7 calendar days after exposure. Here, we report the results from the first 13 weeks of the program.

RESULTS
A total of 2298 schools signed up for TTS, and 504 167 individuals out of a total population of 860 457 consented. During the first 13 weeks with complete data, 1959 schools activated the program at least once for 102 373 individual, exposed students. Out of 328 271 tests performed, 2943 positive cases were identified (per person positivity rate, 2.9%, 95% confidence interval, 2.8–3.0). A minimum of 325 328 and a maximum of 497 150 days of in-person school were saved through participation in the program.

CONCLUSIONS
Daily, rapid on-site antigen testing is a safe and feasible alternative to mandatory quarantine and can be used to maximize safe in-person learning time during the pandemic.
Online 8-week cognitive therapy for problem gamblers: The moderating effects of depression symptoms and perceived financial control
Authors: Palomäki Jussi , Heiskanen Maria , Castrén Sari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Online interventions for problem gambling are increasingly popular, but not everyone benefits from them. We describe 12 years of real-world data from an online intervention for gambling problems and aim to find out the extent to which depression, alcohol use, and sense of financial control influence the effectiveness of the program.

Methods
We analyzed treatment effectiveness and moderators in the Finnish “Peli Poikki” program (2007–2018)—an 8-week cognitive behavioral therapy and follow-up program for problem gambling. Participants were Finnish-speaking adults over 18 years of age (N = 2011, 66.9% males). We measured the self-reported level of problem gambling, depression, alcohol use, and sense of financial control across four treatment phases (baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up), as well as the presence of gambling debt, psychological and physiological health, years suffered from gambling problems, and demographic variables.

Results
Participation grew across years with retention rates of 55%, 30%, and 19% for post-treatment and the two follow-ups, respectively. The average problem gambling scores declined significantly following treatment and remained low throughout the follow-ups. However, this decline (the beneficial treatment effect) was reversed after the follow-ups for those with high depression scores and those who felt they had no control over their finances.

Discussion and Conclusions
The Peli Poikki program is a well-functioning online intervention but less effective in the long term for participants with persisting symptoms of depression or without a sense of financial control. More attention is needed to screen and direct people with comorbidities to the appropriate services.
Regime de proteção de dados pessoais sensíveis e transparência pública: institutos em aparente conflito
Authors: Nery Vilson Pedro 
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do artigo é analisar em que medida a transparência das ações públicas permite o controle social e o governo aberto, de modo que as informações gerais produzidas pela administração pública fiquem disponibilizadas, inclusive em dados abertos, para consulta pública na Internet, bem como identificar se há algum conflito aparente de normas e se o sistema capitalista usa as amarras burocráticas a seu favor. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo com fulcro em pesquisa bibliográfica. Da pesquisa se conclui que, na prática, empresas estão utilizando a Lei de Acesso à Informação para implantar modelos de negócios, baseado nas informações produzidas e custeadas pelo Estado. A proteção de dados é outro reforço capitalista, já que a LGPD pode justificar a sonegação de informações essenciais à população, e a perpetuação do sigilo de atividades de instituições bancárias e agências de inteligência.
Evaluating Different Approaches for the Hazard-Consistent Assessment of the Seismic Performance of Dams
Authors: Macedo Jorge , Ramesh Venkataraman , Liu Chenying , Kottke Albert 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The current state of practice in the seismic assessment of dams relies on pseudoprobabilistic approaches in which the estimation of ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) is decoupled from the estimation of seismically induced displacements (D). In contrast, in a performance-based approach, which is gaining more popularity in practice, the entire IM hazard curve is used to provide displacement hazard curves (DHCs). Thus, engineers can directly estimate the displacement associated with a selected design hazard level, which is more consistent with performance-based design concepts. This study evaluates different approaches to estimate D in performance-based assessments that use D predictive equations, analytical D models, and advanced numerical modeling. To enable a comparison of different approaches under a hazard-consistent D assessment, we propose using the conditional scenario spectra (CSS) framework to select ground motions that directly reproduce the IM hazard. We perform the evaluations by comparing DHCs for a rockfill dam using (1) the convolution of D predictive models and the IM hazard, (2) the CSS approach combined with dynamic analyses performed with analytical models (i.e., stick-slip and transfer function models), and (3) the CSS approach combined with advance numerical modeling. The results show that the DHCs estimated from advanced numerical modeling are more conservative, which is associated with the inherent assumptions in D predictive equations or analytical D models formulated based on “Newmark-type” calculations. Finally, we discuss the differences between the different approaches to estimate D and provide insights in the context of pseudoprobabilistic-based estimates.
Análisis bibliométrico de los estudios sobre el término “Restitución de Tierras”
Authors: Torregrosa Jiménez Norhy Esther , Torregrosa Jiménez Rodolfo , Ávila Juan José 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo es una investigación analítica enfocado especialmente desde la parte estadística de como se ha tratado a nivel académico la temática de “Restitución de Tierras”. Al realizar la investi­gación se consideró que es valioso para la comunidad académica entender el estado y enfoque de una temática que está en crecimiento debido a la situación nacional que se experimenta en Colombia a partir del posconflicto.
El artículo realiza un análisis estadístico de la cantidad de artículos científicos acerca de la Restitu­ción de Tierras en una de las principales bases de datos de artículos científicos (Scopus) extrayendo los datos cuantitativos para posteriormente analizarlos y llegar a unas conclusiones precisas sobre el estado de la investigación en la Restitución de Tierras. Por último, se realiza unas sugerencias del futuro de esta temática en base a la producción de trabajos para investigadores, universidades, estudiantes tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.
La principal razón de ser del artículo es crear un informe que motive a los investigadores a explorar una temática con futuro y necesidad de producción académica; a través de demostrar analíticamente lo mucho que se puede investigar en la temática, la falta de colaboración entre instituciones de la misma y la probabilidad de poder destacar entre los autores.
Tectonic and paleoclimatic controls on the composition of inland wetland deposits, Chaco foreland basin, Central Andes
Authors: Tineo David Eric , Comerio Marcos Alejandro , Vigiani Luis Hernán , Kürten Moreno Germán Sebastián , Poiré Daniel Gustavo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, the growing interest in wetlands highlights the fundamental role of these complex ecosystems. Integrated sedimentological and geochemical studies that refer to wetlands appear more frequently in the literature, since such approaches provide a window into understanding the functions they have played through geologic time. The Miocene Yecua Formation (Chaco foreland basin, Central Andes, Bolivia) presents sedimentological features that show how siliciclastic, chemical, and biological processes lead to lithofacies and compositional features that are distinctive of wetlands related to back-bulge settings. The succession is composed of shallowing-upward parasequences with various compositional characteristics controlled by tectonic and climatic factors.Data integration obtained from paleocurrents, petrography, and clay mineralogy show the influence of the Central Andes fold and thrust belt located to the west of the basin as a principal source area. The high compositional maturity of sandstones reflects the tectonic control as the main allocyclic variable associated with reworking of already mature sediment sources and transport factors in relation to the distal position of the basin (back-bulge), combined with climatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses show that illitic clays represent the main mineral phase of the clay assemblages, and have a detrital origin related to physical weathering processes in the source area. Al-rich smectitic minerals have an authigenic origin and were likely formed by alteration of volcanic detritus as well as from precursor minerals such as illite and feldspars. Kaolinite is determined to be detrital and likely derived from the erosion of floodplains with soil development. Throughout the parasequences, illite–smectite–kaolinite minerals are arranged in different proportions, showing a general vertical trend (from base to top) in which the illitic clays decrease at the expense of the increase in Al-rich smectite and kaolinite. The increase in smectite is accompanied by mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentation, which points to a reduction in the clastic contribution linked to drier conditions. This vertical compositional arrangement reveals a paleoclimatic control, influenced by middle-term wet and dry periods. This work demonstrates that source-rock composition and transport distance (tectonic processes) are the key factors influencing quartz-rich sandstones and illite-rich clay mineral suites in distal positions of continental foreland basins. The long-term tropical to subtropical climate favored the development of inland wetlands and played a secondary role in the final composition of these depositional systems.
Defects in Flexible Pavements: A Relationship Assessment of Defects for Low-Cost Pavement Management System
Authors: Khahro Shabir Hussain , Memon Zubair Ahmed , Yu Nur Izzi Md. , Gungat Lillian , Yazid Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pavement maintenance has been a key concern for any pavement management authority. Countries are facing a severe challenge of funds in maintenance schemes, especially in developing countries. The existing pavement maintenance methods are goal-specific and lack integration of various indicators that are significant for any low-cost PMS. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the possible defects which may occur in flexible pavements. It also investigates the relationship between the different defects. A detailed literature review has been done for this research to identify all possible defects in flexible pavements and key features considered in any PMS. A questionnaire was designed to seek the expert’s opinion on the defects and their possible relationships to be considered for a low-cost PMS. The data was collected from 283 experts currently working in pavement management authorities and pavement maintenance schemes. Aggregated Mean Score, Box plotting and Chi-Square test are used to analyze the data. It is concluded that Bumps/Sags (3.17) are one of the major defects reported by the experts in pavements in Pakistan, followed by the fatigue cracks (3.07). Rutting (2.98) and rut depth (2.98) stand at third key defects reported in this study. Depression (2.96), potholes (2.76), longitudinal crack (2.69), edge crack (2.55), roughness (2.51) and deflection (2.50) are also regularly arising defects in pavement maintenance activities in Pakistan. The results are in the acceptance range of the three mentioned validation methods. The correlation test results show that most of the defects in structural, functional, safety and serviceability indicators reject the null hypothesis thus, there is a close relationship between these defects observed in the flexible pavements. In last stage, a PMS model is suggested to assist the road management authorities of developing countries to make low cost decision for effective pavement rehabilitation.
Ultrasonic assisted inverse micelle as an effective route for fabrication of copper- and zinc-metal organic frameworks as highly efficient adsorbents towards arsine gas adsorption: design and a systematic study
Authors: Shahriari Taher , Kazemzadeh Parya , Zeraati Malihe , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh , Sargazi Ghasem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since it is essential to select the adsorbents, which are prepared with fast, environmentally friendly, and affordable methods, therefore, in this study, the Cu- and Zn- metal organic framework nanostructures were synthesized in the shortest route with the high efficiency by the effective method of ultrasonic assisted inverse micelle (UAIM) method. The synthesized samples were used as the new adsorbents in the arsine gas adsorption. The physicochemical properties of the products were examined in detail, so that the adsorbent dosage, temperature and pressure for the preparation of samples with distinctive characteristics were 0.05 mg, 25.00 °C, and 5.00 bar, respectively. Since the design and control of experimental parameters to find the best conditions for producing the samples with high adsorption efficiency is essential in this process, thus, for this purpose, fractional factorial design and response surface methodology were used. The results indicated the high efficiency of arsine gas adsorption for the synthesized samples in optimized conditions. The differences between arsine gas adsorption in this study in comparison with the previous studies could be due to the characteristic’s improvement using the effective synthetic methods as well as the systematic study of experimental parameters.