bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Pipeline Shield Device for Intracranial Aneurysms in an Australian Cohort (SCOPE‐AUS)
Authors: Chia Ghim Song , de Villiers Laetitia , Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , Rapier Cheryl Lee , Owusu Maame Amma , Lau Fiona S. , McQuinn Alexander , Williams Cameron , Whitley Justin , Cheung Andrew , Manning Nathan W. , Rice Hal 
Published: June 2022

Background
The Pipeline Flex Embolization Device (PED) with Shield Technology (PED‐Shield) is a third‐generation flow diverting stents with surface modification designed to reduce platelet adhesion and thrombogenicity. We report the long‐term safety and effectiveness of the PED‐Shield in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in an Australian cohort.

Methods
SCOPE‐AUS (Safety and Clinical Effectiveness Of Pipeline Shield Embolization Device for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms in Australia) is a multicenter, single‐arm, retrospective study of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with the PED‐Shield flow diverting stents at 3 high‐volume neurointervention centers in Australia between May 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018, evaluating safety and efficacy. The primary outcome was neurologic adverse event or neurologic‐related death at 1 year, and the secondary outcome was long‐term complete aneurysm occlusion.

Results
A total of 238 patients (mean age 55.8±11.0 years, 73.1% [174/238] female) and 278 aneurysms were treated via 247 procedures. Two (0.7%) aneurysms were retreated during the 18‐month follow‐up. Overall occlusion rates at 18 months or at last follow‐up imaging were 92.5% (233/252). There were 35 (14.7%) total primary end point events. The 12‐month neurologic morbidity and mortality rates were 3.8% (9/238) and 1.3% (3/238), respectively. For the subgroup of internal carotid artery aneurysms, mortality (0.7%) and morbidity (2.0%) rates were low, and the complete occlusion rate was 92.5% (147/155).

Conclusions
In this multicenter study, which includes a wide variety of both distal bifurcation and proximal unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the occlusion rates and safety outcomes of the PED‐Shield flow diverting stent demonstrate a high proportion of complete aneurysm occlusion, extremely low retreatment rates, and low complication rates.
Conservative significance testing of tripartite statistical relations in multivariate neural data
Authors: Fomins Aleksejs , Sych Yaroslav , Helmchen Fritjof 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An important goal in systems neuroscience is to understand the structure of neuronal interactions, frequently approached by studying functional relations between recorded neuronal signals. Commonly used pairwise measures (e.g., correlation coefficient) offer limited insight, neither addressing the specificity of estimated neuronal interactions nor potential synergistic coupling between neuronal signals. Tripartite measures, such as partial correlation, variance partitioning, and partial information decomposition, address these questions by disentangling functional relations into interpretable information atoms (unique, redundant, and synergistic). Here, we apply these tripartite measures to simulated neuronal recordings to investigate their sensitivity to noise. We find that the considered measures are mostly accurate and specific for signals with noiseless sources but experience significant bias for noisy sources.We show that permutation testing of such measures results in high false positive rates even for small noise fractions and large data sizes. We present a conservative null hypothesis for significance testing of tripartite measures, which significantly decreases false positive rate at a tolerable expense of increasing false negative rate. We hope our study raises awareness about the potential pitfalls of significance testing and of interpretation of functional relations, offering both conceptual and practical advice.
An Impossible Task? Australian Food Law and the Challenge of Novel Meat Analogues
Authors: Johnson Hope , Parker Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper asks what the regulatory assessment of the novel processed meat analogue products reveals about the nature of food regulation in Australia. We analyse Food Standards Australia and New Zealand’s (‘FSANZ’) assessment of the recent application by Californian technology company Impossible Foods Inc to sell its proprietary burger products which contain a genetically modified protein that is said to make their burger ‘bleed’. We show that FSANZ’s assessment process has little capacity to engage with broader and longer term, social, ecological and public health implications of novel foods and changing food markets. FSANZ’s regulatory pre-approval process focuses almost exclusively on the safety of individual ingredients rather than the impact of novel foods on the food supply as whole and leaves broader issues to the market and consumer choice with limited support from laws addressing misleading labelling and marketing of foods. Extending the capacity of Australia’s regulatory regime for food to deal with more than the safety of individual ingredients will become more urgent as other novel foods, such as cell-based meats, enter the marketplace.
In vitro research of combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections
Authors: Sun Leiming , Sun Jing , Ding Shibiao 
Published: June 2022

Objective Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR KP) bloodstream infections are a serious problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of appropriate combination therapies on MDR KP bloodstream infections. Methods MDR KP strains isolated from clinical samples were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. Twenty consecutive MDR KP clinical isolates from patients with bloodstream infections were examined in this study. The experiments were conducted at the Bacterial Laboratory of Tongde Hospital from March to August 2021. Antibiotic combination tests were performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, and the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration was used to assess synergy. Results Following treatment with a combination of two antibiotic agents, the MIC50 and MIC90 values decreased compared with that before treatment. MIC50 decreased by at least 50%, with one value reduced to 6.25% of the pretreatment value. None of the antibiotic combinations were antagonistic. Combination of polymyxin B with rifampicin or tigecycline had a synergistic effect on 70% and 65% of the strains, respectively. Conclusions In vitro combination therapies with two active drug agents (polymyxin B plus rifampicin or tigecycline) had a better effect on MDR KP infections compared with that in other regimens.
Perception of Interprofessional Education among Students Following Pharmacy Studies
Authors: Zaccomer Alessandro , Wirth Francesca , Camilleri Liberato , Azzopardi Lilian M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Interprofessional Education (IPE) activities are a first experience of real-world patient care practice for students, where collaboration with different professions is appreciated. Methods and timing of inclusion of IPE are not well-defined, and it is interesting to assess students’ perception on IPE activities. Objective: To assess changes in pharmacy students’ perception of IPE before (t0) and after (t1) an IPE activity. Methods: The ‘Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education–Revised 2’ (SPICE-R2) tool was adopted to assess perception of IPE activities in third year pharmacy students, final year pharmacy students and in postgraduate Doctorate in Pharmacy (PharmD) students at t0 and t1. Results: The SPICE-R2 tool was completed at t0 and t1 by 61 students: 12 third year pharmacy students, 13 final year students and 36 PharmD students. A significant improvement between t0 and t1 ( P < .05) was measured in the three groups of students for all three subscales of the tool. The largest improvement was observed in the ‘Roles/Responsibilities for Collaborative Practice’ subscale in all three groups of students. Conclusion: Perception of IPE was positively increased in all three student groups. The results could be useful to support the design of IPE activities within pharmacy programmes.
Circle RNA circCSPP1 promotes human osteosarcoma cell proliferation and increases glucose metabolism by suppressing miR-200c maturation
Authors: Zhang L , Yang ST , Wang C , Zhang LC , Zhang X , Li FC , Wang SY , Ma K 
Published: June 2022

Introduction MiR-200c plays a central role in glucose metabolism in cancer cells. However, its upstream regulators in this process are unknown. CircRNA CSPP1 (circCSPP1) was predicted to bind to premature miR-200c, an oncogenic miRNA. Therefore, we explored their interaction in osteosarcoma (OS). Methods Differential circCSPP1 and miR-200c expression in OS was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Glucose metabolism was analyzed by glucose uptake assay. Subcellular circCSPP1 location in OS cells was detected using cellular fractionation assay. The direct interaction between circCSPP1 and miR-200c was explored using RNA-RNA pull-down assay. The role of circCSPP1 in miR-200c maturation was investigated by analyzing both mature and premature miR-200c levels in OS cells with circCSPP1 overexpression. Results CircCSPP1 and premature miR-200c levels were increased while mature miR-200c level was decreased in OS. CircCSPP1 was detected in both the nuclear and cytoplasm fractions of OS cells. CircCSPP1 directly interacted with premature miR-200c. CircCSPP1 overexpression increased premature miR-200c level, glucose uptake, and cell proliferation, but decreased mature miR-200c level. MiR-200c overexpression suppressed the role of circCSPP1 in OS cells. Conclusions CircCSPP1 promotes OS cell proliferation and increases glucose metabolism by suppressing miR-200c maturation.
Extraction, characterization, and kinetics of N-deacetylation of chitin obtained from mud crab shells
Authors: Narudin Nur Alimatul Hakimah , Rosman Nurul ‘Aqilah , Shahrin Ensan Waatriah ES , Sofyan Nofrijon , Hanif Mahadi Abdul , Kusrini Eny , Hobley Jonathan , Usman Anwar 
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on the isolation, chemical and crystalline structures, and the kinetics of heterogeneous deacetylation of chitin from mud crab shells ( Scylla serrata). The independent variables in this work are temperature, NaOH concentration, and reaction time. The degree of deacetylation (DD) of the resulting chitosan was determined for different reaction times. It was found that the DD increases nonlinearly with the reaction time. The deacetylation of the chitin followed pseudo first-order kinetics and it occurred in two stages, which are respectively attributed to the reaction of acetamide groups in the amorphous region on the external layer, and in the crystalline region inside the chitin particles. The rate constants for the latter stage of the deacetylation at 35°C, 75°C, and 105°C were 4.67×10−4 min−1, 3.00×10−3 min−1, and 4.61×10−3 min−1, respectively. Based on this temperature-dependent rate constant, the activation energy of the slow deacetylation stage was estimated to be 32.6 kJ mol−1.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with serious mental illness
Authors: Zhang Lai-Ying , Anderson James , Higgins Niall , Robinson Jan , Francey Sonia , Burke Andrew , Robinson Gail , Curtin Deanne , Tay George 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are at increased risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Despite this, OSA is frequently under-recognised in the psychiatric population. This study describes the results of OSA screening in SMI patients. Method: Patients with SMI attending a metropolitan mental health clinic were screened for OSA using the OSA50, STOP-BANG Questionnaire (SBQ), Epworth Sleep Score (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). They were then offered diagnostic sleep testing via ResMed ApneaLinkTM and polysomnography. Results: Of the 65 patients recruited, 65% had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, 85% were on antipsychotic medications and the majority were obese. Approximately 50% of patients reported poor sleep quality via the PSQI, in contrast to 12% with elevated daytime sleepiness via the ESS. 46% of our cohort were at risk of OSA due to an elevated OSA50 or SBQ. Of the five patients who agreed to proceed to diagnostic sleep testing, three were diagnosed with OSA. Conclusion: A high proportion of patients with psychiatric illness are at risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep dissatisfaction is high. The low uptake of sleep investigation requires improved patient engagement to improve OSA diagnosis in this high-risk group.
Impact of Illustrated Postoperative Instructions on Knowledge and Retention During a Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Mission
Authors: Card Elizabeth B. , Morales Carrie E. , Ramirez Juan M. , Billingslea Marce , Marroquín Ariel , Trueblood Eo , Javia Luv R. , McCormack Susan M. , Friedland Leonard R. , Low David W. , Schwartz Alan Jay , Scott Michelle , Jackson Oksana A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective To determine the impact of illustrated postoperative instructions on patient-caregiver knowledge and retention. Design Prospective study with all participants receiving an educational intervention. Setting Pediatric plastic surgical missions in Guatemala City, Guatemala, between 2019 and 2020. Participants A total of 63 majority-indigenous Guatemalan caregivers of patients receiving cleft lip and/or palate surgery. Intervention Illustrated culturally appropriate postoperative care instructions were iteratively developed and given to caregivers who were surveyed on illustration-based and text-based information at preoperative, postoperative, and four-week follow-up time points. Main Outcome Measure Postoperative care knowledge of illustration-based versus text-based information as determined by the ability to answer 11 illustration- and 8 text-based all-or-nothing questions, as well as retention of knowledge as determined by the same survey given at four weeks follow-up. Results Scores for illustration-based and text-based information both significantly increased after caregivers received the postoperative instructions (+13.30 ± 3.78 % SE, + 11.26 ± 4.81 % SE; P < .05). At follow-up, scores were unchanged for illustration-based (−3.42 ± 4.49 % SE, P > .05), but significantly lower for text-based information (−28.46 ± 6.09 % SE, P < .01). Retention of text-based information at follow-up correlated positively with education level and Spanish literacy, but not for illustration-based. Conclusions In the setting of language and cultural barriers on a surgical mission, understanding of illustration-based and text-based information both increased after verbal explanation of illustrated postoperative instructions. Illustration-based information was more likely to be retained by patient caregivers after four weeks than text-based information, the latter of which correlated with increased education and literacy.
Global Trends in Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness of Orthodontists Regarding the Management of Patients with Cleft lip and/or Palate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srivastav Sukeshana , Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Duggal Ritu , Antonarakis Gregory S. , Haldar Partha 
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the trends in knowledge, attitude, awareness, and practice among orthodontists regarding the management of patients with cleft lip and/or palate. An a priori protocol was developed as per the best practices of evidence-based medicine and registered in Prospero (CRD42022306107). The literature search was conducted electronically, using MeSH-terms, keywords, and Boolean-operators “AND” and “OR” in different combinations in multiple databases and screening of titles and abstracts followed by full-text evaluation was performed. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Five studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and three of them showed a high ROB. When participants were questioned about which other specialists worked in the cleft team in addition to the orthodontists, 84% of them in one study reported it to be general dentists. Furthermore, the absence of an interdisciplinary team was reported in two studies from Africa. When asked about the percentage of their practice devoted to the care of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) one study reported that 52% of orthodontists had treated <10 such patients in their entire career. The present systematic review highlights the lack of knowledge and experience among orthodontists and orthodontic residents regarding the management of patients with CLP. Efforts must be made to design validated questionnaires and conduct methodologically sound studies in different geographical locations to develop adequate modules for improving the knowledge of orthodontists in this domain.
Correlation Between and Nursing Satisfaction With CIWA-Ar, mMINDS, and SEWS Scoring Tools for the Assessment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in ICU Patients
Authors: Bradley Mary , Kiser Tyree H. , Mueller Scott W. , Reynolds Paul M. , MacLaren Robert 
Published: June 2022

Background Management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) requires bedside assessments of symptom severity to guide therapies. Commonly used assessment tools are the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar), the modified Minnesota Detoxification Scale (mMINDS) and the Severity of Ethanol Withdrawal Scale (SEWS). Objective To determine strength of correlation between the CIWA-Ar, mMINDS, and SEWS for bedside assessment of severe AWS and to survey nurses regarding ease of use of each tool. Methods A single-center prospective correlation study of the three assessment tools performed by bedside nurses on patients with AWS followed by a questionnaire assessing ease of use of each tool (1 being the easiest and 9 being the hardest). Results A total of 66 correlation assessments were performed by 49 nurses in 21 patients with AWS. Bedside CIWA-Ar, mMINDS, and SEWS were 14 ± 8.3, 13.9 ± 6.5, and 10.1 ± 4.5, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.814 (95% CI, 0.714-0.881) between CIWA-Ar and mMINDS; 0.722 (95% CI, 0.585-0.820) between CIWA-Ar and SEWS; and 0.658 (95% CI, 0.498-0.775) between SEWS and mMINDS. Nurse ratings for ease of use were 4 ± 2.3 for CIWA-Ar, 2.9 ± 2 for mMINDS (p=0.0044 vs. CIWA-Ar), and 4.8 ± 2.1 for SEWS (p=0.036 vs. CIWA-Ar, p<0.0001 vs. mMINDS). Forty-six (69.7%) respondents preferred mMINDS versus 14 (21.2%) and 6 (9.1%) respondents favored CIWA-Ar and SEWS, respectively. Conclusion Correlations between the three scoring tools in severe AWS are robust. Only mMINDS was considered easy to use by nurses. It was the preferred tool.
Comparing adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with prednisolone for the treatment of feline inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Webb Tracy L , Webb Craig B 
Published: June 2022

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of feline mesenchymal stem cells (fMSC) with prednisolone as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. Methods Cats with chronic enteropathy that failed a 2-week diet trial and were not found to have significant concurrent disease were eligible for the study. If endoscopic biopsies confirmed a histopathologic diagnosis of IBD, the cat was randomly assigned to either the fMSC or prednisolone groups. Owners were blinded to the grouping. Stem cell treatment consisted of two intravenous injections of 2 × 106 cells/kg of freshly cultured allogeneic stem cells separated by 2 weeks. Prednisolone treatment was 1–2 mg/kg PO q24h, tapered according to clinical response. Owners were asked to make no changes (eg, diet and other medications) for the first 2 months, at which time they either continued to the 6-month recheck with no changes, or ‘failed’ treatment and owners were unblinded and changes made as necessary. Results Six prednisolone and six fMSC treatment cats completed the study. All six prednisolone group cats were spayed females with a mean age of 8.3 years (range 2–14), a mean body weight of 3.6 kg (range 2.5–4.8) and a mean pretreatment Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI) score of 3.6 (range 2–6). The six stem cell cats included three spayed females and three castrated males, and had a mean age of 8.0 years (range 4.5–13), a mean body weight of 4.9 kg (range 4.0–5.9) and a mean pretreatment FCEAI score of 3.7 (range 2–5). One cat in each group failed at the 2-month recheck. At the 6-month recheck, the mean FCEAI score for the prednisolone group was 3.7 (range 0.5–9) and 0.75 (range 0–1.5) for the fMSC group. Conclusions and relevance These results suggest that this specific fMSC protocol appears to be as effective in the treatment of feline IBD as a standard course of prednisolone therapy.
Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in suspected intraocular infections
Authors: Qian Zhuyun , Zhang Yankun , Wang Lu , Li Ziqiang , Wang Hui , Kang Hao , Feng Jing , Hu Xiaofeng , Tao Yong 
Published: June 2022

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and to explore its value in the diagnosis of intraocular infection. Methods A retrospective case-series study of patients with suspected intraocular infection was performed. Intraocular fluid samples were collected from all the patients and sent for mNGS. Detailed clinical data, the results of mNGS and other laboratory examinations, the sequencing data of mNGS, and the final diagnosis were recorded. Results Fifteen eyes of 15 patients were included in the study. Eight samples were identified as positive for different kinds of pathogens by mNGS, which were all confirmed by other laboratory examinations or effective diagnostic treatment. The mNGS results were negative in seven samples. The final diagnosis was still intraocular infection in four of the seven negative results. Of these, one patient was diagnosed with fungal endophthalmitis according to the clinical characteristics and good treatment response to the anti-fungal therapy, one patient underwent vitrectomy and the bacterial culture of the vitreous sample was positive for Brucella melitensis, and two patients were diagnosed with ocular tuberculosis according to the positive T-SPOT test and effective anti-tuberculous treatments. Conclusions mNGS could be helpful in determining pathogens in cases of suspected intraocular infection. The mNGS protocols should be optimized for the detection of intracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Evaluating the beads of life groups: hearing from our participants
Authors: Valentino Charlotte , Daniilidi Xeni , Portnoy Sara 
Published: June 2022

Introduction and Aims The Beads of Life (BOL) approach uses a narratively informed methodology ‘to enable children and young people to make sense of their cancer journey in ways that make them stronger'. We will share feedback from BOL groups and reflect on changes made over time. Method Between 2014 and 2019, we have run 14 groups. Participants were aged 13–25, had received a diagnosis of cancer and were either on or had completed treatment. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was gathered at each workshop and 1 month later, with qualitative data then being analysed using thematic analysis. Results 106 young people attended the groups. Young people reported that sharing experiences of cancer was useful, that they enjoyed the group and that they were highly likely to recommend it to others. Feedback remained consistent a month post-intervention. Qualitative feedback showed the value young people placed on meeting others, sharing their stories and on things they learnt about themselves from the group. Discussion Themes support the intention of the intervention to provide a safe space for young people to share and reflect on their cancer journey, to connect with others and to enable peer support and mutual learning.