bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a deep learning-based outlier detection approach in the context of streaming data
Authors: Hassan Asmaa F. , Barakat Sherif , Rezk Amira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUncommon observations that significantly vary from the norm are referred to as outliers. Outlier detection, which aims to detect unexpected behavior, is a critical topic that has attracted significant attention in a wide range of research areas and application domains, including video surveillance, network intrusion detection, disease outbreak detection, and others. Deep learning-based techniques for outlier detection have currently outperformed machine learning and shallow approaches on streaming data, which are big and complicated datasets. Despite the fact that deep learning has been successfully applied in a variety of application domains, developing an effective and appropriate model is a difficult task due to the dynamic nature and variations of real-world applications and data. Hence, this research proposes a novel deep learning model based on a deep neural network (DNN) to handle the outlier detection problem in the context of streaming data. The proposed DNN model is developed with multiple hidden layers to improve feature abstraction and capabilities. Extensive experiments performed on four real-world outlier benchmark datasets, available at the UCI repository, and comparisons to state-of-the-art approaches are used to evaluate the proposed model's performance. Experiment results demonstrate that it outperforms both machine learning algorithms and deep learning competitors, resulting in significant performance gains. Particularly, when compared to other algorithms, the evaluation results clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed approach, with much higher accuracy, recall and f1-score rates of 99.63%, 99.014% and 99.437%, respectively.
Extending the clinical capabilities of short- and long-lived positron-emitting radionuclides through high sensitivity PET/CT
Authors: van Sluis Joyce , Borra Ronald , Tsoumpas Charalampos , van Snick Johannes H. , Roya Mostafa , ten Hove Dik , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Noordzij Walter , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review describes the main benefits of using long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET in clinical applications. As LAFOV PET is the latest development in PET instrumentation, many studies are ongoing that explore the potentials of these systems, which are characterized by ultra-high sensitivity. This review not only provides an overview of the published clinical applications using LAFOV PET so far, but also provides insight in clinical applications that are currently under investigation. Apart from the straightforward reduction in acquisition times or administered amount of radiotracer, LAFOV PET also allows for other clinical applications that to date were mostly limited to research, e.g., dual tracer imaging, whole body dynamic PET imaging, omission of CT in serial PET acquisition for repeat imaging, and studying molecular interactions between organ systems. It is expected that this generation of PET systems will significantly advance the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
Regional zonation based on seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage to the city of Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) due to earthquake
Authors: Rahayu Teguh , Nasution Zulkifli , Roesyanto  , Karnawati Dwikorita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Microzonation becomes important for big cities like Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) as population agglomeration increases in urban areas resulting in rapid and unplanned construction. Mitigation efforts must be carried out to minimize losses arising from earthquakes, such as loss of life and environmental damage, and it can be done by analyzing seismic susceptibility and local site effects.

Purpose
This study analyzes the potential for environmental damage caused by seismic hazards in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the definition and methodology of seismic–geotechnical hazard zoning and the methodology used for making seismic hazard maps with the case study of Medan City.

Methods
While determining the zoning, microzonation measurements and environmental data parameters are involved. To obtain comprehensive results, microzonation measurements were carried out using three methods, namely the Multichannel Seismic Analysis Surface Wave (MASW), Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC), and Horizontal-To-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) with 200 measuring points spread throughout the city of Medan. Parameter weighting values such as population, site class, seismic susceptibility, dominant period, land cover, slope, and weather class were obtained using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method.

Results
We presented the result of the survey, including the MASW, SPAC, and HVSR results. In general, medium soil and soft soil dominate almost all areas of Medan city. The estimated depth of engineering bedrock is at a depth of about 291.33 – 735.87 meters from the ground surface. The dominant period values ranged from 0.0907 s to 8.30723 s.

Conclusions
We classified Medan City (North Sumatra) into several zones, based on their seismic vulnerability using local site effect analysis and potential damage due to earthquakes. This study is necessary for future seismic hazard assessment.
A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting
Authors: Xu He-Qi , Liu Jia-Chen , Zhang Zheng-Yi , Xu Chang-Xue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades, it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process. Generally, cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition. The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells, such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses, is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs. In addition, maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs. This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes, summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes, and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality.
An eponymous history of the anterolateral ligament complex of the knee
Authors: Morgan Allison M. , Bi Andrew S. , Kaplan Daniel J. , Alaia Michael J. , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent interest has surged in the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and complex (ALC) of the knee. Its existence and role in rotary stability of the knee, particularly in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, remains a contentious and controversial topic.

Understanding the ALC
We must review our history and recognize the pioneers who pushed our understanding of the ALL forward before it was popularly recognized as a discrete structure. Additionally, given that many eponyms remain in common use related to the ALC, we must standardize our nomenclature to prevent misuse or misunderstanding of terms in the literature. In this review, modern understanding of the anterolateral ligament complex (ALC) is traced to 1829 by exploring eponymous terms first in anatomy and then in surgical technique. Understanding our history and terminology will allow us to better understand the ALC itself.

Conclusion
This review aims to provide historical context, define terminology, and provide insight into the clinical relevance of the ALC.
Genuine tripartite entanglement of W state subject to Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Fan Xiao-Wei , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the genuine tripartite entanglement (GTE), one-tangle and two-tangle of W state of fermionic fields in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that, with the increase of the Hawking temperature, the GTE of W state first decreases and then tends to zero, while the GTE of GHZ state first decreases and then freezes. We also find that the Hawking effect can completely destroy the two-tangle of W state, while one-tangle first decreases and then the freezing phenomenon appears with the growth of the Hawking temperature. These results are helpful to guide us to select appropriate quantum states and quantum resources to deal with relativistic quantum information tasks.
Synthesis of TSF Donors Substituted with themeso-Dimethylethylenedithio Group: Structures and Conducting Properties of (meso-DM-BETS)2X (X− = PF6− and AsF6−)
Authors: Kinoshita Naoya , Shirahata Takashi , Naito Toshio , Misaki Yohji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSynthesis and X-ray structure analysis of TSF-based donors substituted with the meso-dimethylethylenedithio group (meso-DM-EDT-TSF and meso-DM-BETS) were successfully performed. The donor molecules in (meso-DM-BETS)2X (X− = PF6− and AsF6−) formed a dimerized face-to-face π-stack, and the packing pattern could be classified as β-type. A tight-binding band calculation suggested that the meso-DM-BETS salts have a two-dimensional Fermi surface with a wide bandwidth. Both salts exhibited metallic conductivities down to low temperatures with σr.t. = 45–46 S cm−1.
Percolation Games
Authors: Garnier Guillaume , Ziliotto Bruno 
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces a discrete-time stochastic game class on [Formula: see text], which plays the role of a toy model for the well-known problem of stochastic homogenization of Hamilton–Jacobi equations. Conditions are provided under which the n-stage game value converges as n tends to infinity, and connections with homogenization theory are discussed. Funding: The second author acknowledges the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [Grant ANR-21-CE40-0020] (CONVERGENCE project).
Photonic-based radar for distance and velocity measurement with multiformat waveforms
Authors: Ding Yujiao , Li Ming , Wu Hao , Dong Wei 
Published: December 2022

A radar with multiformat waveforms is proposed to measure distance and
velocity. A dual-polarization, dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
(DP-DPMZM) is used to realize carrier-suppressed single-sideband
(CS-SSB) modulation, so the switchable down-, up-, and dual-chirp
signals, and the amplitude shift keying (ASK) signal, can be
generated. The central frequency and bandwidth of the signals are
flexible. A Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) is added for an optical
switch to realize the generation of a pulsed signal and suppress
interference in the dechirping process. A dual-drive MZM (DDMZM) is
used for the dechirping process. The key component of this radar is
that there are no filters used, which can significantly extend the
operation bandwidth. In our test, the interference frequency caused by
the CW can be suppressed. The error of the distance measurement is
less than 2 cm, and the velocity error is less than
0.180 m/s. In addition, the direction of the target can be
distinguished.
Availability, affordability and access to essential medications for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in three low- and middle-income country settings
Authors: Siddharthan Trishul , Robertson Nicole M. , Rykiel Natalie A. , Underhill Lindsay J. , Rahman Nihaal , Kafle Sujan , Mohan Sakshi , Padalkar Roma , McKeown Sarah , Flores-Flores Oscar , Quaderi Shumonta A. , Alupo Patricia , Kalyesubula Robert , Kirenga Bruce , Luo Jing , Cárdenas Maria Kathia , Gianella Gonzalo , Miranda J. Jaime , Checkley William , Hurst John R. , Pollard Suzanne L. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Despite the rising burden of chronic respiratory disease globally, and although many respiratory medications are included in the World Health Organization Essential Medications List (WHO-EML), there is limited information concerning the availability and affordability of treatment drugs for respiratory conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
All public and private pharmacies in catchment areas of the Global Excellence in COPD outcomes (GECo) study sites in Bhaktapur, Nepal, Lima, Peru, and Nakaseke, Uganda, were approached in 2017–2019 to assess pricing and availability of medications for the management of asthma and COPD.

Results
We surveyed all 63 pharmacies in respective study areas in Nepal (95.2% private), 104 pharmacies in Peru (94.2% private) and 53 pharmacies in Uganda (98.1% private). The availability of any medication for respiratory disease was higher in private (93.3%) compared to public (73.3%) pharmacies. Salbutamol (WHO-EML) monotherapy in any formulation was the most commonly available respiratory medication among the three sites (93.7% Nepal, 86.5% Peru and 79.2% Uganda) while beclomethasone (WHO-EML) was only available in Peru (33.7%) and Nepal (22%). LABA-LAMA combination therapy was only available in Nepal (14.3% of pharmacies surveyed). The monthly treatment cost of respiratory medications was lowest in Nepal according to several cost metrics: the overall monthly cost, the median price ratio comparing medication costs to international reference prices at time of survey in dollars, and in terms of days’ wages of the lowest-paid government worker. For the treatment of intermittent asthma, defined as 100 mcg Salbutamol/Albuterol inhaler, days’ wages ranged from 0.47 days in Nepal and Peru to 3.33 days in Uganda.

Conclusion
The availability and pricing of respiratory medications varied across LMIC settings, with medications for acute care of respiratory diseases being more widely available than those for long-term management.
Detecting Leishmania in dogs: A hierarchical-modeling approach to investigate the performance of parasitological and qPCR-based diagnostic procedures
Authors: Vital Tamires , Teixeira Ana Izabel Passarella , Silva Débora Marcolino , de Carvalho Bruna Caroline , Dallago Bruno , Hagström Luciana , Hecht Mariana Machado , Nitz Nadjar , Abad-Franch Fernando 
Published: December 2022

Background
Domestic dogs are primary reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Detecting dog infections is central to epidemiological inference, disease prevention, and veterinary practice. Error-free diagnostic procedures, however, are lacking, and the performance of those available is difficult to measure in the absence of fail-safe “reference standards”. Here, we illustrate how a hierarchical-modeling approach can be used to formally account for false-negative and false-positive results when investigating the process of Leishmania detection in dogs.

Methods/Findings
We studied 294 field-sampled dogs of unknown infection status from a Leishmania-endemic region. We ran 350 parasitological tests (bone-marrow microscopy and culture) and 1,016 qPCR assays (blood, bone-marrow, and eye-swab samples with amplifiable DNA). Using replicate test results and site-occupancy models, we estimated (a) clinical sensitivity for each diagnostic procedure and (b) clinical specificity for qPCRs; parasitological tests were assumed 100% specific. Initial modeling revealed qPCR specificity < 94%; we tracked the source of this unexpected result to some qPCR plates having subtle signs of possible contamination. Using multi-model inference, we formally accounted for suspected plate contamination and estimated qPCR sensitivity at 49–53% across sample types and dog clinical conditions; qPCR specificity was high (95–96%), but fell to 81–82% for assays run in plates with suspected contamination. The sensitivity of parasitological procedures was low (~12–13%), but increased to ~33% (with substantial uncertainty) for bone-marrow culture in seriously-diseased dogs. Leishmania-infection frequency estimates (~49–50% across clinical conditions) were lower than observed (~60%).

Conclusions
We provide statistical estimates of key performance parameters for five diagnostic procedures used to detect Leishmania in dogs. Low clinical sensitivies likely reflect the absence of Leishmania parasites/DNA in perhaps ~50–70% of samples drawn from infected dogs. Although qPCR performance was similar across sample types, non-invasive eye-swabs were overall less likely to contain amplifiable DNA. Finally, modeling was instrumental to discovering (and formally accounting for) possible qPCR-plate contamination; even with stringent negative/blank-control scoring, ~4–5% of positive qPCRs were most likely false-positives. This work shows, in sum, how hierarchical site-occupancy models can sharpen our understanding of the problem of diagnosing host infections with hard-to-detect pathogens including Leishmania.
Mapping of UK Biobank clinical codes: Challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Stroganov Oleg , Fedarovich Alena , Wong Emily , Skovpen Yulia , Pakhomova Elena , Grishagin Ivan , Fedarovich Dzmitry , Khasanova Tania , Merberg David , Szalma Sándor , Bryant Julie 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The UK Biobank provides a rich collection of longitudinal clinical data coming from different healthcare providers and sources in England, Wales, and Scotland. Although extremely valuable and available to a wide research community, the heterogeneous dataset contains inconsistent medical terminology that is either aligned to several ontologies within the same category or unprocessed. To make these data useful to a research community, data cleaning, curation, and standardization are needed. Significant efforts to perform data reformatting, mapping to any selected ontologies (such as SNOMED-CT) and harmonization are required from any data user to integrate UK Biobank hospital inpatient and self-reported data, data from various registers with primary care (GP) data. The integrated clinical data would provide a more comprehensive picture of one’s medical history.

Materials and methods
We evaluated several approaches to map GP clinical Read codes to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) terminologies. The results were compared, mapping inconsistencies were flagged, a quality category was assigned to each mapping to evaluate overall mapping quality.

Results
We propose a curation and data integration pipeline for harmonizing diagnosis. We also report challenges identified in mapping Read codes from UK Biobank GP tables to ICD and SNOMED CT.

Discussion and conclusion
Some of the challenges–the lack of precise one-to-one mapping between ontologies or the need for additional ontology to fully map terms–are general reflecting trade-offs to be made at different steps. Other challenges are due to automatic mapping and can be overcome by leveraging existing mappings, supplemented with automated and manual curation.
The public health response to an outbreak of border-spill malaria along China-Myanmar border
Authors: Lin Zu-Rui , Yin Shan-Shan , Yang Jie , Guo Xiang-Rui , Dong Chao-Liang , Lin Ying-Kun , Ding Chun-Li , Sun Xiao-Dong , Yan Run-Xian , Yang Suo-Lan , Zhou Xian-Hua , Xu Jian-Wei 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Malaria importation can be caused by cross-border movement either of both people and anopheline mosquitoes. However, there still lacks robust evidence of imported malaria caused by Plasmodium spp. infected anopheles along international border areas (border-spill malaria). The objectives of this study were to confirm whether an outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria is border-spill malaria and assess the effects of China’s public health response along China-Myanmar border.

Methods
Epidemiological, parasitological and entomological investigations were conducted to investigate the outbreak of border-spill malaria. Meanwhile, comprehensive interventions were carried out to prevent further transmission and reintroduction of malaria.

Results
Rapid diagnostic testing, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction were performed and the infections were confirmed as P. vivax. A total of 22 (9.21%) of 239 workers contracted P. vivax during the outbreak. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the distance of worker shelters in China within 300 meters to the internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Myanmar was a risk factors associated with malaria infection (adjusted odds ratio 7.5920; 95% confidence interval, 2.6079–22.1013; P = 0.0002). After comprehensive interventions, malaria transmission was successfully interpreted and prevented at the project site till the completion of project on 14 January 2020, and recurrence of P. vivax malaria was not detected by the end of 2020.

Conclusion
This study provided robust evidence of border-spill malaria along China-Myanmar border. Malaria parasite reservoir and distance travelled by female anopheline mosquitoes are two determinants for border-spill malaria. The public health response to the outbreak indicates that the malaria surveillance and response system works well in preventing reintroduction of malaria. However, prevention of border-spill malaria is still a major challenge in the Yunnan border area, China.