bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Fish, Small Pond: How In-Charge Auditors Engage with Technology-Based Audit Tools to Influence the Audit in Non-Global Network Firms
Authors: Witte Annie L. , Earley Christine E. , Thibodeau Jay C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate how in-charge auditors emerge as individual big fish within the smaller ponds of non-global network firms (NGNFs) (i.e., firms other than the “Global 7” network firms, or GNFs). These NGNFs engage in institutional work (i.e., acts of creating, maintaining, or disrupting organizational practices) using technology-based audit tools (TBATs) to impact audit quality. Using semi-structured interviews and applying the lens of institutional theory, we identify factors associated with in-charge auditors' propensity to engage in institutional work using TBATs, specifically examining how in-charge auditors engage in actions that contribute to the development, continuance, and/or breach of existing practice (characterized as “creating,” “maintaining,” and “disrupting,” works, respectively). Our findings identify audit firm culture, engagement budgets, and training experiences as drivers of in-charges' ability to pursue institutional work and effect change.
‘Pinholes in my arms’: the vicious cycle of vascular access
Authors: Kelly Linda , Snowden Austyn 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundVascular access devices (VADs) are essential for delivery of intravenous therapies. There are notable gaps in the literature regarding a focus on patient experience and meaning-making related to living with a VAD, specifically a central venous access device (CVAD).AimsTo explore how patients make sense of living with a CVAD.MethodsThis study followed an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Purposive sampling was used to identify 11 cancer patients who had a CVAD in situ. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were performed. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed by the lead author.FindingsFour superordinate themes were identified: the self under attack; being rescued/being robbed; protection of others/protection of self; bewilderment and dismay at lack of staff competence.ConclusionHaving a CVAD affects the psychological, social, and personal self and impacts on self-esteem and self-image. Despite this, CVADs are accepted by patients and are eventually ‘embodied’ by them.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR COSTUME MADE PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 3 TEBING TINGGI
Authors: . Nurhayati , Tampubolon Hotmaria , Maghfirah Nadya 
Published: April 2022

Abtrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Explicit Instruction terhadap hasil belajar pembuatan pola kebaya siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk mengukur hasil belajar membuat pola kebaya dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar pengamatan pada hasil membuat pola kebaya. Teknik analisa data melalui uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji kecenderungan dan uji hipotesis menggunakan teknik analisa data uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecenderungan hasil belajar membuat pola kebaya menggunakan model pembelajaran Explicit Instruction pada siswa kelas XI Tata Busana SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi cenderung baik yaitu 82,35%. Dan tingkat kecenderungan hasil membuat pola kebaya tanpa menggunakan model pembelajaran Explicit Instruction cenderung cukup yaitu 52,94%. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar 8,38 dan ttabel pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dk = 32 sebesar 1,7 . Dengan demikian thitung > ttabel (8,38 > 1,7 ). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Explicit Instruction Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pembuatan Pola Kebaya Pada Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi.Kata Kunci : Model pembelajaran Explicit Instruction, membuat pola kebaya Abstract : The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the Explicit Instruction model on learning outcomes of making kebaya patterns for class XI students of SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi. Data collection techniques to measure learning outcomes to make kebaya patterns in this study used observations on the results of making kebaya patterns. Techniques Data analysis through normality test, homogeneity test, trend test and hypothesis testing using t-test data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the level of tendency of learning outcomes to make a kebaya pattern using the Explicit Instruction learning model in class XI Fashion Design students of SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi tends to be good, namely 82.35%. And the level of tendency of the results of making a kebaya pattern without using the Explicit Instruction learning model tends to be sufficient, namely 52.94%. The results of hypothesis testing using t-test obtained tcount value of 8.38 and ttable at a significant level of 0.05 dk = 32 of 1.7. Thus tcount > ttable (8.38 > 1.7 ). Therefore, it can be obtained that there is an effect of the Explicit Instruction Learning Model on Learning Outcomes of Making Kebaya Patterns in Class XI Students of SMK Negeri 3 Tebing Tinggi. Keywords: Explicit Instruction learning model, making kebaya pattern
PENERAPAN MODEL PENILAIAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL ASES UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIFITAS BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATAKULIAH KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: Susilawati Evi , Khaira Imamul , . Atmawarni 
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan model penilaian berbasis teknologi digital ASES untuk meningkatkan aktifitas belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Kebijakan Publik..Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dan dilakukan di 3 siklus, dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan tes lembar hasil observasi dosen dan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model penilaian berbasis teknologi digital ASES dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Kebijakan Publik yang dapat dilihat dari rata-rata nilai siklus 1, 2 dan 3 sebesar 67,40; 77,85; dan 83,05. Hasil belajar mahasiswa juga meningkat secara bertahap dari siklus pertama ke siklus ketiga, dimana nilai rata-rata siswa siklus 1, 2, dan 3 sebesar 60,40; 73,50; 81,86, masing-masingKata Kunci:Model ASES, Aktifitas Belajar, Mata Kuliah Kebijakan Publik Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the application of the ASES digital technology-based assessment model to improve student learning activities in the Public Policy course. This research is a classroom action research and is carried out in 3 cycles, where each cycle consists of several stages, namely: planning, implementing , action, observation, and reflection. The instruments used in this study were observations and test sheets from the observations of lecturers and students. The results showed that the application of the ASES digital technology-based assessment model could increase student learning activities in the Public Policy course which can be seen from the average value of cycles 1, 2 and 3 of 67.40; 77.85; and 83.05. Student learning outcomes also increased gradually from the first cycle to the third cycle, where the average value of students in cycles 1, 2, and 3 was 60.40; 73.50; 81.86, respectivelyKeywords: ASESModel, Learning Activities, Public Policy Courses
Comparison of Different Doses Botulinum Toxin Type a Efficacy in Chronic Anal Fissure Treatment
Authors: Goloktionov Nikolaj Aleksandrovich , Kashnikov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Tkalich Olga Vladimirovna , Ponomarenko Aleksej Alekseevich , Khryukin Roman Yurevich , Kostarev Ivan Vasilevich , Krstic Predrag , Slozhenikin Sergej Valerevich , Zagryadskiy Evgenij Alekseevich , Medvedev Vladimir Yurevich , Fomenko Oksana Yurevna , Nekhrikova Svetlana Viktorovna , Arslanbekova Karina Ibakovna , Misikov Viktor Kazbekovich , Akulov Mikhail Albertovich , Orlova Aleksandra Sergeevna , Zharkov Evgenij Evgenevich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective: To compare the results of chronic anal fissure treatment with 10 IU and 40 IU botulinum toxin type A.

Patients and methods: 56 patients were enrolled in case-control study divided into 2 groups consistent by the main clinical criteria. 28 patients in the study group had fissure excision in combination with 10 IU botulinum toxin type A (Xeomin) injection into internal anal sphincter, while 28 patients in control group received 40 IU product injections.

Results: No statistically significant results in the pain assessment during the day and after bowel movement were obtained (p=0.41 and p=0.93, respectively). The groups were comparable by the frequency of complications such as transient anal incontinence, perianal skin hematoma, acute urinary retention (p>0.05). Complications such as thrombosis of external hemorrhoids and chronic non-healing wounds were most common in the study group (p=0.43 and p=0.0005, respectively). The product dose increase to 40 IU has a more significant effect on the functional treatment results (p=0.0053 and p=0.0002, respectively) and increases the odds for postoperative wound epithelialization 15-fold (p=0.01). Conclusion: 40 IU Botulinum toxin type A shows improvement in the treatment of chronic anal fissure without any increased risk of postoperative complications.
ANALISIS SPASIAL MODEL INVERSE DISTANCE WEIGHTING PADA PENYEBARAN KASUS POSITIF COVID-19 PER KABUPATEN DI PULAU JAWA
Authors: Huda Nur'ainul Miftahul , Imro'ah Nurfitri 
Published: April 2022

Suatu lokasi saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lainnya dan sesuatu yang berjarak dekat memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dibandingkan dengan lokasi yang jauh. Hal ini yang mendasari adanya keterkaitan suatu kejadian antar lokasi atau disebut autokorelasi spasial. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat pola keterkaitan tersebut adalah metode Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Metode ini menggunakan faktor parameter pengaruh yaitu power (p) dalam melihat pengaruh lokal antar titik lokasi. Semakin besar niai p berarti nilai titik tak tersampel menjadi lebih terlokalisasi dan sebaliknya. InputÂ yang digunakan pada model ini adalah koordinat titik untuk titik tersampel beserta nilai dari setiap titik yang akan diestimasi. Pada penelitian ini kasus yang digunakan adalah kasus terkonfirmasi positif virus Covid-19 per 76 kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa hingga tanggal 26 Februari 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pemetaan kasus terkonfirmasi positif di Pulau Jawa per kabupaten melalui peta kontur menggunakan model IDW. Kabupaten/kota yang tidak dijadikan lokasi tersampel dapat diestimasi melalui model ini. Langkah pertama adalah membuat peta grid, kemudian menghitung jarak antar lokasi tersampel. Selanjutnya jarak tersebut digunakan untuk menghitung bobot setiap lokasi tersampel. Langkah berikutnya adalah estimasi nilai di lokasi tak tersampel menggunakan nilai power. NilaiÂ power yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 0,5;1;2;3;4;5. Pemilihan nilaiÂ power yang tepat didasarkan pada nilai RMSE terkecil. Hasilnya diperoleh nilaiÂ power yang optimal adalah saat p=2 dan diperoleh estimasi kasus positif Covid-19 di lokasi tak tersampel sehingga diperoleh peta kontur.
Determinants of Utilization and Quality of Antenatal Care Services in Lubumbashi, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mpoy Charles Wembonyama , Katembo Barry Mukwarari , Ndomba Mathieu Mavu , Mishika Patricia Lukusa , Missumba Willy Kakozi , Mukuku Olivier , Wembonyama Stanislas Okitotsho 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Maternal and perinatal mortality is one of the best indicators of a society’s health status and development level. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, antenatal care (ANC) utilization is generally low, and delayed initiation of care is very common. It is in this context that the present study on the utilization and quality of ANC carried out among women in Lubumbashi city aimed to identify determinants of the utilization and quality of ANC services.

Material and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Lubumbashi, relating to 1472 women who had given birth during the 12 months preceding the survey, selected by cluster sampling. Logistic regression was used to identify the relative effects of socio-demographic risk factors and all statistical tests were declared significant at a P < 0.05.

Results:
One tenth (10.5%) of the women in the sample did not attend ANC during their most recent pregnancy and 89.5% had attended ANC at least once. Of the 1318 women with at least one ANC visit, 55.9% had an early initiation of ANC and 53.2% received high quality ANC. Women aged 20–29 years (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 2.8 [1.6–5.1]), 30–39 years (aOR = 4.3 [2.1–8.9]) and ≥40 years (aOR = 6.5 [2.6–16.2]), married women (aOR = 1.9 [1.1–3.2]), women with secondary educational level (aOR = 4.9 [3.4–7.2]), and women with higher educational level (aOR = 15.3 [5.3–43.8]) were more likely to have at least one ANC during their pregnancy. Factors contributing to attend four or more ANC visits were secondary educational level (aOR = 1.4 [1.0–2.0]) and higher educational level (aOR = 1.9 [1.2–2.9]), primiparity (aOR = 1.5 [1.1–2.1]), and doing business activities (aOR = 1.4 [1.0–1.8]). Determinant of early initiation ANC was only the higher educational level (aOR = 2.2 [1.4–3.4]). Factors associated with high quality ANC were secondary educational level (aOR = 3.0 [2.1–4.3]) and higher educational level (aOR = 6.2 [3.8–9.9]), and receiving ANCs in a general referral hospital (aOR = 1.5 [1.2–2.0]).

Conclusion:
The use and quality of ANC services remain a serious problem in Lubumbashi city. This situation hampers the achievement of maternal and child health goals. Health education can help reduce this in our context.
Tetralogia de Fallot em um cão da raça Shih Tzu: relato de caso
Authors: Herrera Gustavo Cavinato , Pereira Clara Boaventura , Resende Henrique Caixeta , Mantovani Matheus Matioli , Milken Vanessa Martins Fayad 
Published: April 2022

A tetralogia de Fallot é uma doença cardíaca congênita caracterizada por quatro alterações, sendo elas a dextroposição da aorta, defeito do septo interventricular, hipertrofia concêntrica do ventrículo direito e estenose da valva pulmonar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de tetralogia de Fallot em um cão da raça Shih Tzu. Um canino, da raça Shih Tzu, de 1 ano e 6 meses de idade, foi atendido com queixa principal de episódios de desmaio e dificuldade de respirar que se iniciaram aos 6 meses de idade. Foi realizada oxigenoterapia para estabilizar a angústia respiratória do animal, e o paciente foi encaminhado para ecodopplercardiograma no qual foi constatada a presença das quatro alterações condizentes com a tetralogia de Fallot, o grau de estenose pulmonar foi classificado como moderado e no hemograma foi evidenciada a presença de policitemia absoluta. Como o animal apresentou hematócrito acima de 70% foi indicada a flebotomia e o uso do propanolol na dose de 0,5 mg/Kg, três vezes ao dia como indicado na literatura. Após o tratamento foi observada melhora do quadro clínico. Na impossibilidade de acompanhar o paciente aumentou-se a dose de propranolol para 1mg/Kg/ a cada 8 horas. O caso relatado contribuiu para a literatura escassa sobre essa enfermidade em pequenos animais, especialmente na raça Shih Tzu.
Challenges in preoperative diagnosis of glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma: own findings analysis
Authors: Skobska O.E. , Sirko A.H. , Zemskova O.V. , Lisianyi O.M. , Popovych I.O. , Malyi R.R. 
Published: April 2022

Medical history, disease onset, clinical symptoms, and results of neuroimaging of 14 glossopharyngeal schwannoma patients, who were exa­mined and treated in the Subtentorial Neurooncology Department of the State Institution, Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of the NAMS of Ukraine (8 patients) and the Neurosurgery Department No. 2 of the Municipal Enterprise, Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council (6 patients) in 2018 to 2021 have been analyzed in details. The study inclusion criteria were as follows: patient’s age over 18, pre­sence of unilateral primary glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma. Our study showed that most of clinical signs and symptoms of the glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma are associated with otolaryngological disorders (such as hearing loss, tinnitus, hoarseness, or dizziness) or cerebellar disorders (such as ataxia, nystagmus, or dizziness). Neuroimaging cerebellopontine angle tumors diagnosis must include brain computed tomography (with mandatory assessment of the state of jugular foramen and internal auditory canal) and IV contrast brain magnetic resonance tomography and inclusion of high-resolution sequences, gradient echo (3D CISS, DRIVE, TRUFFI, B-FFE) with the aim of better visualization and differentiation of various cerebellopontine angle cranial nerves. The study demonstrates the com­plexity of a reliable preoperative diagnosis when using standard diagnostic tools. Preoperative jugular foramen and cerebellopontine angle tumors diagnosis should be based on a systematic approach and include a comparison of results of comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination and neuroimaging studies.
Single nucleotide variants of filaggrin and glucocorticoid receptors genes in children suffering different phenotypes of atopic diseases
Authors: Dityatkovsky V.O. , Naumenko N.V. , Alifirenko О.O. , Pinaeva N.L. , Taran S.T. , Filatova I.A. , Abaturov O.Ye. 
Published: April 2022

Currently, there is an apparent need for genotype-associated personalization of the diagnostic process for atopic diseases (AtD) in children: atopic dermatitis (AD), seasonal allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis – (SAR(C)), perennial allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis – (PAR(C)) and bronchial asthma (BA) in different phenotype combinations - monotopic and polytopic. The aim of the study was to identify associations of the genotype variants of SNV rs_7927894 of FLG gene, rs10052957 and rs41423247 of NR3C1 gene in children with AD, SAR(C), PAR(C) and/or BA in mono- and polytopic phenotypes. The study recruited 293 children with AD who were divided into 6 phenotypic clusters: monotopic phenotypes: No. 1 – AD (58 patients); No. 2 – SAR(C)/PAR(C) (71 patients); No. 3 – BA (23 patients); polytopic phenotypes: No. 4 – AD+ SAR(C)/PAR(C) (43 patients), No. 5 – BA+SAR(C)/PAR(C) (72 patients), No. 6-AD+BA+SAR(C)+PAR(C) (26 patients). In patients of all 6 clusters buccal swab of the oral mucosa was taken for genotyping the variants: C/C, C/T, T/T SNV rs7927894 of FLG gene; A/A, A/G, G/G SNV rs10052957 and C/C, C/G, G/G SNV rs41423247 of NR3C1 gene. Heterozygous variant C/T SNV rs_7927894 FLG is the most common, directly associated and significantly increases the risk of polytopic AtD phenotypes: AD+SAR(C)/PAR(C) by 2.47 (95% CI 1.14-5.38, p<0.05) times and AD+BA+SAR(C)+PAR(C) – by 3.13 times (95% CI 1.24-7.95, p<0.05) related to monotopic phenotype SAR(C)/PAR(C). The heterozygous variant A/G SNV rs10052957 of the NR3C1 gene is the most common in all AtD phenotypes, except for monotopic BA and polytopic AD+SAR(C)/PAR(C), and significantly, by 0.40 times (95% CI 0.18-0.93, p<0.05) reduces the risk of the polytopic phenotype related to AD. Homozygous variant G/G SNV rs10052957 of the NR3C1 gene is most common in the monotopic phenotype SAR(C)/PAR(C) and polytopic AD+SAR(C)/PAR(C) as well as in AD+BA+SAR(C)/PAR(C) and significantly increases by 2.97 times (95% CI 1.31-6.74, p<0.05) and decreases by 0.45 times (95% CI 0.21-0.97, p<0.05) the risk of developing AD+SAR(C)/PAR(C) related to AD. Heterozygous variant A/G rs10052957 of the NR3C1 gene significantly reduces by 0.40 times (95% CI 0.18-0.93, p<0.05) the risk of polytopic phenotype BA+SAR(C)+PAR(C) related to AD+SAR(C)/PAR(C). Heterozygous variant C/G SNV 41423247 of the NR3C1 gene was the most common and significantly increased by 2.03 times (95% CI 1.01-4.10, p<0.05) the risk of monotopic AD phenotype related to SAR(C)/PAR(C).
ANALISA NILAI-NILAI DAKWAH DI WARUNG KOPI DUSUN SASAR DESA KAPEDI KECAMATAN BLUTO
Authors: Nikmah Lailin 
Published: April 2022

AbstrakKeberadaan warung kopi di tengah-tengah masyarakat menjadi instrumen dalam menstimulasi kesadaran sosial dan formasi sebagai wujud penjelmaan dari kenyataan eksistensi bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang senantiasa berada dalam kebersamaan dengan manusia lain ataupun dengan dirinya sendiri. Fenomena minum kopi dan menghabiskan waktu di warung kopi ini juga sudah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat di pedesaan guna untuk mempererat tali silaturrahmi atau rasa solidaritas antar sesama. Warung kopi menjadi media bagi masyarakat untuk bertemu dan berbincang mulai dari masalah pribadi, sosial, agama, danpolitik. Warung kopi bukan lagi hanya sekedar tempat tongkrongan namun juga banyak sekali peristiwa penting yang berawal dari meja warung kopi dan menjadi ruang sosial tempat tukar-menukar informasi dan menyampaikan dakwah. Dalam hal ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriftif. Kata-kata, tindakan serta data tertulis dilapangan akan dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang semuanya dimasukan dalam catatan lapangan. Kemudian dilakukan analisis data tentang nilai dakwah di warung kopi ini melalui reduksi, kategorisasi, sintesisasi dan penyusunan hipotesis kerja terkait fukus penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Warung kopi adalah wadah bagi masyarakat sebagai tempat untuk menyambung tali silaturrahmi dan juga tempat berbagi informasi terbaru bahkan juga sebagai tempat berdiskusi dalam dakwah. Warung kopi adalah madrasah masyarakat yang mana dalam penyampain materi akan selalu berkesinambungan tidak perlu memakai absensi peresentase kehadirannya tak bisa di ragukan datang tanpa di undang bahkan selau konsisten dan tepat waktu. Para kiai aktif diwarung kopi dalam rangka meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya mempertahankan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang tumbuh ditengah-tengah masyarakat sebagai suatu wadah untuk mengikat silaturrahmi dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai keagamaan tetap berkembang. Seperti adanya silaturrahmi yang berkesinambungan, membudayakan saling menghormati antar setiap warga masyarakat, membudayakan sikap jujur di warung kopi bahkan membiasakan mengucapkan salam saat datang ataupun pergi dari warung kopi.
MENGEMIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF Al-QUR’ĀN ANALISIS TAFSIR AL-MANAR KARYA MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH DAN MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDHA
Authors: Muiz Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Berbicara tentang mengemis merupakan suatu permasalahan yang tidak asing lagi didengar, dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat mengemis sudah menjadi hal biasa dan tidak sedikit dari masyarakat pada umumnya yang menjadikan mengemis (meminta-minta) sebagai pekerjaan sehari-hari. Berhubungan dengan hukum yang ada dalam agama Islam tentu hal ini perlu diadakan penelitian, bagaimana Islam menanggapi dan meluruskan sesuai dengan tuntunan al-Qur’an dan sunnah.Dalam tafsir al-Manᾱr dijelaskan bahwa : pertama; Mengemis merupakan suatu kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh kebanyakan orang, meskipun pada hakikatnya tidak diperbolehkan dalam islam. Kecuali beberapa orang yang mendapatkan keringanan. Dan mereka bisa diketahui dari ciri-cirinya. Meskipun demikian, mengemis tidak diperbolehkan dilakukan secara terus menerus atau dijadikan sebagai profesi. Kedua; mengenai orang-orang yang diperbolehkan mengemis. Diantaranya adalah: 1) orang yang tertimpa kemiskinan yang tidak mepunyai harta sama sekali, maka dia boleh meminta sampai dia memperoleh sekadar kebutuhan hidupnya 2) orang yang mempunyai hutang sedangkan orang tersebut tidak mampu membayar lantaran tidak mempunyai harta sama sekali 3) Orang yang mempunyai denda atau orang yang memikul beban berat (diluar kemampuannya), maka dia boleh meminta-minta sehingga setelah cukup lalu berhenti/tidak meminta lagi. Selain dari ketiga golongan tersebut maka meminta-minta itu haram atau dilarang yang hasilnya bila dimakan juga haram.