bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term intensive fasting improves red blood cell function and rejuvenates erythropoiesis via regulating MS4A3-CDK2 module
Authors: Xu Li , Wei Wen , Qian Jiawei , Zhang Suping , Jin Zhicong , Wang Xueqing , Li Lei , Gu Yue , Lv Yaqi , Zhao Chen , Gao Xueqin , Bu Wenwen , Zhang Ruizhi , Ma Xiaoya , Yang Yanjun , Yan Zhanjun , Chen Yuwei , Sun Qiyuan , Wang Li , Chen Zixing , Xu Youjia , Xu Peng , Zhao Yun , Fang Yixuan , Yuan Na , Wang Jianrong 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYFasting is known to improve health, but the precisely beneficial effects of specific types of fasting and their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We herein report that in humans, occasional short-term intensive fasting (STIF), a traditional fasting format favored by Asians, promotes erythropoiesis and boosts the function of red blood cells (RBCs) in oxygen transportation, ATP generation, antioxidant capacity, and innate immune response. The rejuvenation of erythropoiesis is more pronounced in humans with low RBC counts. Using mouse models and a human erythroid progenitor cell model, we found that occasional STIF rejuvenates erythropoiesis by enhancing megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor selfrenewal and erythroid-biased differentiation without compromising normal hematopoiesis. Molecularly, STIF relies on an autophagy-dependent but erythropoietin (EPO) upregulation-independent MS4A3-CDK2 module to augment the production of RBCs. Our findings thus suggest that STIF can occasionally be practiced as an efficient noninvasive intervention for better erythropoiesis, particularly for adults with low RBC counts.Graphical abstractIn briefXu et al showed that short-term intensive fasting (STIF), when occasionally practiced, boosts red blood cell function and promotes erythropoiesis by regulating MS4A3-CDK2 module to enhance megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor selfrenewal and erythroid-biased differentiation.HighlightsOccasional STIF boosts the function of red blood cellsOccasional STIF promotes erythropoiesis, which is more significant in adults with low red blood cell countsOccasional STIF selectively enhances MEP selfrenewal and erythroid-biased differentiation via MS4A3-CDK2 moduleThe erythropoietic MS4A3-CDK2 response to STIF is autophagy-dependent but EPO upregulation-independent.
Coverage and effectiveness of conditional cash transfer for people with drug resistant tuberculosis in Zimbabwe: a mixed methods study
Authors: Timire Collins , Sandy Charles , Ferrand Rashida A , Mubau Regina , Shiri Peter , Mbiriyawanda Obert , Mbiba Fredrick , Houben Rein MGJ , Pedrazzoli Debora , Bond Virginia , Foster Nicola , Kranzer Katharina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe End TB strategy recommends social protection to mitigate socio-economic impacts of tuberculosis. Zimbabwe started implementing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme for people on drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment in 2013. We aimed to determine the proportion of people receiving CCT and effectiveness of CCT in improving treatment outcomes, explore their experiences with registering for CCT and understand the impact of CCT from the perspective of beneficiaries.MethodsData from 2014-2021 were extracted from TB registers and CCT payment records within the National TB Programme. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with people who were completing treatment or had completed treatment within two months. Poisson regression, adjusted for province, year of treatment, age and sex was used to investigate associations between receiving CCT and successful treatment outcomes among people who were in DR-TB care for ≥3 months after treatment initiation. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 481 people were included in the quantitative study. Of these, 53% (254/481) received CCT at some point during treatment. People who exited DR-TB care within three months were 73% less likely to receive CCT than those who did not (prevalence ratio (PR)=0.27 [95%CI: 0.18-0.41]). Among those who were alive and in care three months after treatment initiation, CCT recipients were 32% more likely to have successful outcomes than those who did not (adjusted PR=1.32, [95%CI: 1.00-1.75]). Qualitative results revealed lack of knowledge about availability of CCT among people with DR-TB and missed opportunities by healthcare providers to provide information about availability of CCT. Delays and inconsistencies in disbursements of CCT were frequent themes.ConclusionCCT were associated with successful treatment outcomes. Improvements in coverage, timeliness and predictability of disbursements are recommended.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in admitted patients at a tertiary referral centre in North India
Authors: Ray Animesh , Singh Komal , Mehdi Farha , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Jadon Ranveer Singh , Nischal Neeraj , Soneja Manish , Sethi Prayas , Meena Ved Prakash , Trikha Anjan , Batra Gaurav , Wig Naveet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate true burden of infection in a given population. Serosurveys, though being conducted in different parts of India, are not readily published in entirety and often do not report on the different characteristics of the population studied. In this present study, we aimed to serially estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody over 11 months at one of the largest government hospital in India.MethodIn this cross-sectional study which was conducted between between 9th June 2020 and 27th April 2021, consecutive patients admitted to medicine wards or intensive care units, who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CBNAAT were included. The 2linic-demographic features of the subjects were recorded in pre-formed questionnaires. Anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method.ResultsA total of 916 patients were recruited over 11 months with mean age(±SD) 39.79±14.9 of years and 55% of population being males. In total 264(28.8%) patients were found to be seropositive. Residency in Delhi and non-smoking status conferred a higher risk for seropositivity. The adjusted odds ratio for seropositivity with regards to no smoking and residence out of Delhi were .31±.09 (Odds ratio ± S.E) and .65 ± .1 (Odds ratio ± S.E) respectively. No other factors like age, socio-economic status, contact history etc showed significant relationship with seropositivity.ConclusionThe seropositivity rate among hospitalized patients was found to increase with time (from 8.45% to 38%) over a period of 9 months. Residence in Delhi and non-smokers had higher risk for seropositivity on multivariate analysis.
Increased adverse events following third dose of BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine in those with previous COVID-19, but not with concurrent influenza vaccine
Authors: Raw Rachael K. , Rees Jon , Chadwick David R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior studies suggest that adverse events (AEs) following doses one and two of BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine are worse in those with a prior history of COVID-19. To establish whether this outcome applies to a third/booster dose, we conducted a survey with 534 healthcare workers (HCW) in Northeast England, who reported AEs following all three doses of BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine. We also explored AEs associated with concurrent seasonal influenza immunisation. For all doses of BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine there was a cluster of systemic AEs that were consistently worse in HCWs with a prior history of COVID-19. AEs were no worse in HCWs who received their third/booster dose within 7 days of the influenza jab, rather than further apart. Gender and the presence of ongoing COVID-19 symptoms (OCS) had no effect on AEs associated with COVID-19 or influenza vaccination, though younger HCWs experienced more AEs overall. Our findings have implications for vaccine hesitancy and immunisation protocols.
Association between Blood N-3 Fatty Acid Levels and Risk for COVID-19 in the UK biobank
Authors: Harris William S. , Tintle Nathan L. , Sathyanarayanan Swaminathan Perinkulam , Westra Jason 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of nutritional status and risk for contracting and/or suffering adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. Preliminary studies suggest that higher n-3 PUFA intakes may be protective.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare risk for three COVID-19 outcomes (testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, and death) as a function of baseline plasma DHA levels.MethodsDHA levels (% of total fatty acids) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. The three outcomes and relevant covariates were available for 110,584 subjects (hospitalization and death) and for 26,595 ever-tested subjects (positive for SARS-CoV-2) in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Outcome data between January 1, 2020 and March 23, 2021 were included. Omega-3 Index (red blood cell EPA+DHA%) values across DHA% quintiles were estimated. Multi-variable Cox-proportional hazards models were constructed and linear (per 1-SD) relations with risk for each outcome were computed as hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsIn the fully adjusted models, comparing the fifth to the first DHA% quintiles, the HR for testing positive (95% CI) was 0.79 (0.71, 0.89; p<0.001), for being hospitalized was 0.74 (0.58, 0.94; P<0.05), and for dying with COVID-19 was 1.04 (0.69, 1.57; NS). On a per 1-SD increase in DHA% basis, the HRs were: for testing positive, 0.92 (0.89,0.96; p<0.001); for hospitalization, 0.89 (0.83, 0.97; p<0.01); and for death, 0.95 (0.83,1.09). Estimated Omega-3 Index values across DHA quintiles ranged from 3.5% (quintile 1) to 8% (quintile 5).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that nutritional strategies to increase circulating n-3 PUFA levels, such as increased consumption of oily fish and/or use of n-3 fatty acid supplements, may reduce risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
HArtMuT - Modeling eye and muscle contributors in neuroelectric imaging
Authors: Harmening Nils , Klug Marius , Gramann Klaus , Miklody Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) measurements record a mix of signals from the brain, eyes, and muscles. These signals can be disentangled for artifact cleaning e.g. using spatial filtering techniques. However, correctly localizing and identifying these components relies on head models that so far only take brain sources into account. We thus developed the Head Artefact Model using Tripoles (HArtMuT). This volume conduction head model extends to the neck and includes brain sources as well as sources representing eyes and muscles that can be modeled as single dipoles, symmetrical dipoles, and tripoles.We compared a HArtMuT 4-layer Boundary Element Model (BEM) with the EEGLAB standard head model on their localization accuracy and residual variance (RV) using a HArtMuT Finite Element Model as ground truth. We also evaluated the RV on real-world data of mobile participants, comparing different HArtMuT BEM types with the EEGLAB standard head model. We found that HArtMuT improves localization for all sources, especially non-brain, and localization error and RV of non-brain sources were in the same range as those of brain sources. The best results were achieved by using cortical dipoles, muscular tripoles, and ocular symmetric dipoles, but dipolar sources alone can already lead to convincing results.We conclude that HArtMuT is well suited for modeling eye and muscle contributions to the M/EEG signal. It can be used to localize sources and to identify brain, eye, and muscle components. HArtMuT is freely available and can be integrated into standard software.
SODAR: managing multi-omics study data and metadata
Authors: Nieminen Mikko , Stolpe Oliver , Kuhring Mathias , Weiner January , Pett Patrick , Beule Dieter , Holtgrewe Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScientists employing omics in life science studies face challenges such as the modeling of multi assay studies, recording of all relevant parameters, and managing many samples with their metadata. They must manage many large files that are the results of the assays or subsequent computation. Users with diverse backgrounds, ranging from computational scientists to wet-lab scientists, have dissimilar needs when it comes to data access, with programmatic interfaces being favored by the former and graphical ones by the latter.We introduce SODAR, the system for omics data access and retrieval. SODAR is a software package that addresses these challenges by providing a web-based graphical user interface for managing multi assay studies and describing them using the ISA (Investigation, Study, Assay) data model and the ISA-Tab file format. Data storage is handled using the iRODS data management system, which handles large quantities of files and substantial amounts of data. SODAR also offers programmable APIs and command line access for metadata and file storage.SODAR supports complex omics integration studies and can be easily installed. The software is written in Python 3 and freely available athttps://github.com/bihealth/sodar-serverunder the MIT license.
Time-dependent enhancement in ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity drives pain-facilitated fentanyl intake in males
Authors: Higginbotham Jessica A. , Abt Julian G. , Tiech Rachel H. , Morón Jose A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPain affects over 50% of US adults. Opioids are potent analgesics used to treat pain symptoms but are highly prone to abuse – creating a major dilemma for public health. Evidence suggests that the proclivity for opioid abuse under pain conditions varies between sexes. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sex-specific effects of pain on opioid use are largely unclear. Here, we recapitulate clinical findings and demonstrate that pain increases self-administration of the widely abused opioid, fentanyl, selectively in male rats. These behavioral effects develop over time and are paralleled by sex- and pain-specific effects on fentanyl-evoked ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neuron activity, a critical mediator of motivation and reward. Usingin vivofiber photometry, we show that tonic VTA DA neuron activity is attenuated in males with pain. In contrast, phasic VTA DA neuron responses to self-administered fentanyl increase in magnitude at later timepoints and correspond with increases in fentanyl intake. The protracted increase in fentanyl-evoked VTA DA activity is necessary for pain to enhance fentanyl self-administration in males because chemogenetic inhibition of VTA DA neurons normalized fentanyl intake and associated fentanyl-evoked VTA DA neuron responses. These findings reveal time-dependent and sex-specific pain-induced adaptations to VTA DA neuron function that underlie maladaptive patterns of opioid use.
Variations of neuronal properties in the region of locus coeruleus of mice
Authors: Tortorelli Lucas Silva , Garad Machhindra , Megemont Marine , Haga-Yamanaka Sachiko , Goel Anubhuti , Yang Hongdian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) have been traditionally viewed as a homogenous population. Recent studies begin to reveal their heterogeneity at multiple levels, ranging from molecular compositions to projection targets. To further uncover variations of neuronal properties in the LC, we took a genetic-based tagging approach to identify these neurons. Our data revealed diverse spike waveforms among neurons in the LC region, including a considerable fraction of narrow-spiking units. While all wide-spiking units possessed the regular waveform polarity (negative-positive deflection), the narrow units can be further divided based on opposing waveform polarities. Under anesthesia, wide units emitted action potential at a higher rate than the narrow units. Under wakefulness, only one subtype of narrow units exhibited fast-spiking phenotype. These neurons also had long latencies to optogenetic stimulation.In-situhybridization further supported the existence of a small population of putative GABAergic neurons in the LC core. Together, our data reveal characteristic differences among neurons in the LC region, and suggest that a fraction of electrophysiologically-identified narrow-spiking neurons can be fast-spiking interneurons, and their fast-spiking feature is masked by anesthesia.
Microneurography as a Minimally Invasive Method to Assess Target Engagement During Neuromodulation
Authors: Verma Nishant , Knudsen Bruce , Gholston Aaron , Skubal Aaron , Blanz Stephan , Settell Megan , Frank Jennifer , Trevathan James , Ludwig Kip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePeripheral neural signals recorded during neuromodulation therapies provide insights into local neural target engagement and serve as a sensitive biomarker of physiological effect. Although these applications make peripheral recordings important for furthering neuromodulation therapies, the invasive nature of conventional nerve cuffs and longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) limit their clinical utility. Furthermore, cuff electrodes typically record clear asynchronous neural activity in small animal models but not in large animal models. Microneurography, a minimally invasive technique, is already used routinely in humans to record asynchronous neural activity in the periphery. However, the relative performance of microneurography microelectrodes compared to cuff and LIFE electrodes in measuring neural signals relevant to neuromodulation therapies is not well understood.ApproachTo address this gap, we recorded cervical vagus nerve (cVN) electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) and spontaneous activity in a human-scaled large animal model – the pig. Additionally, we recorded sensory evoked activity and both invasively and non-invasively evoked CAPs from the great auricular nerve (GAN). In aggregate, this study assesses the potential of microneurography electrodes to measure neural activity during neuromodulation therapies with statistically powered and pre-registered outcomes (https://osf.io/y9k6j).Main resultsThe cuff recorded the largest ECAP signal (p<0.01) and had the lowest noise floor amongst the evaluated electrodes. Despite the lower signal to noise ratio, microneurography electrodes were able to detect the threshold for neural activation with similar sensitivity to cuff and LIFE electrodes once a dose-response curve was constructed. Furthermore, the microneurography electrode was the only electrode to record distinct sensory evoked neural activity (p<0.01).SignificanceThe results show that microneurography electrodes can measure neural signals relevant to neuromodulation therapies. Microneurography could further neuromodulation therapies by providing a real-time biomarker to guide electrode placement and stimulation parameter selection to optimize local neural fiber engagement and study mechanisms of action.
Leveraging Scaffold Information to Predict Protein-ligand Binding Affinity with an Empirical Graph Neural Network
Authors: Xia Chunqiu , Feng Shi-Hao , Xia Ying , Pan Xiaoyong , Shen Hong-Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationProtein-ligand binding affinity prediction is an important task in structural bioinformatics for drug discovery and design. Although various scoring functions have been proposed, it remains challenging to accurately evaluate the binding affinity of a protein-ligand complex with known bound structure due to the potential preference of scoring system. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been applied to scoring functions without sophisticated feature engineering. Nevertheless, existing methods cannot model the differential contribution of atoms in various regions of proteins, and the relationship between atom properties and intermolecular distance is also not fully explored.ResultsWe propose a novel empirical graph neural network for accurate protein-ligand binding affinity prediction (EGNA). Graphs of protein, ligand and their interactions are constructed based on different regions of each bound complex. Proteins and ligands are effectively represented by graph convolutional layers, enabling the EGNA to capture interaction patterns precisely by simulating empirical scoring functions. The contributions of different factors on binding affinity can thus be transparently investigated. EGNA is compared with the state-of-the-art machine learning-based scoring functions on two widely used benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of EGNA and its good generalization capability.Availability and implementationThe web server and source code of EGNA is available at www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/EGNA and https://github.com/chunqiux/EGNA.Contacthbshen@sjtu.edu.cn or 2008xypan@sjtu.edu.cnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
LARGE VOLUME SURFACTANT ADMINISTRATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS LESS THAN 35 WEEKS USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURFACTANT THERAPY
Authors: Ethawi Yahya , Hussain Abrar , Minski John , Miller Joe , Alvaro Ruben 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLarge volume surfactant administration in premature infants less than 35 weeks using minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST).BackgroundSurfactant in small volume preparations can be successfully administered to premature infants using a narrow-bore vascular catheter inserted into the trachea under direct vision. It was not known if surfactant in large volume preparations could be administered effectively to spontaneously breathing premature infants while maintaining them on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of administering a large volume of surfactant (5 ml/kg) in spontaneously breathing premature infants on nCPAP using a vascular catheter.MethodsSingle-arm interventional trial in two level III nurseries in Canada. Spontaneously breathing premature infants between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation, born between July 4th, 2012 and September 5th, 2012 were eligible for the trial in the first 24 hours of life. A 16-gauge vascular catheter was inserted under direct vision through the vocal cords to administer 5 ml/kg of surfactant while maintaining the infants on nCPAP.ResultsTwenty-one premature infants were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 29 ± 3 (range 24 to 34 weeks) with mean birth weight of 1474 ± 575 g. Surfactant was successfully administered in 20 infants (95 %). There was a clear effect after surfactant administration with a decrease in oxygen requirement from 0.34 ± 0.111 before the procedure, to 0.26 ± 0.08 after the procedure (p = .001), and a decrease in nCPAP pressure from 7.2 ± 0.5 cm H2O before the procedure to 5.9 ± 0.5 after the procedure (p < .0001). The mean duration for surfactant administration was 8.3 ± 3.4 minutes. The procedure was temporarily stopped in three cases due to bradycardia and/or apnea with desaturations that spontaneously recovered without intervention. Coughing and reflux of the surfactant were transiently observed in four cases (19 %).ConclusionIt is feasible to administer large volumes of surfactant without interrupting nCPAP via a vascular catheter, to premature infants less than 35 weeks’ gestation. Further trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this method compared to other methods of surfactant administration.