bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between low birth weight and/or preterm birth and dental caries ‐A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Yuqi , Chen Dongru , Lin Huancai , Tao Ye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries in children have shown conflicting results, so the aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries in children.MethodsWe systematically searched articles in four electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase) published prior to August 2021. The odds ratio (OR) (or converted OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were processed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE's risk bias assessment tool. Random effects model was used for this meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of thirty‐one observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates indicated that children exposed to low birth weight (LBW)/preterm birth (PTB) did not experience higher dental caries in primary teeth. Subgroup analyses showed that children with LBW (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03–1.63) were prone to have dental caries in primary teeth for cross‐sectional studies, but no significant differences for prospective studies. PTB children experienced more primary caries in high‐income countries (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00–1.70) than in low‐ and middle‐income countries.ConclusionsThe current evidence did not suggest a significant association between LBW and dental caries in children for primary teeth. Children with PTB in high‐income countries had a higher prevalence of primary dental caries. Further prospective studies should adjust for confounding factors (age, oral health and family finances) to determine the definitive association between LBW/PTB and dental caries.
Comparative study of the functional compounds and antioxidant properties of different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaf cultivars after in vitro digestion
Authors: Seke Faith , Moloto Mapula R. , Shoko Tinotenda , Sultanbawa Yasmina , Sivakumar Dharini 
Published: December 2022

SummaryTraditionally, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves are consumed by the sub‐Saharan population. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds in cowpea leaves possess great antioxidant properties; however, their bioaccessibility is affected by digestion. This study investigated the influence of in vitro digestion on carotenoids, antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity of three cowpea cultivars (VOP1, VOP3 and VOP4). Among the cowpea cultivars, VOP1 showed the highest 9‐cis‐β‐carotene (21.13%) bioaccessibility, VOP3 showed the highest all‐trans β‐carotene (32.11%) and α‐carotene (21.75%) bioaccessibilities and VOP4 showed the highest lutein (17.70%) and zeaxanthin (32.03%) bioaccessibilities. The ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activities, 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid), α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects decreased in the small intestinal phase. The cowpea cultivars demonstrated a high ability to meet the recommended daily allowance for carotenoids. As a result, the findings of this study show that cowpea leaves have the potential to be used as functional ingredients.
Properties of gelatin/chitosan blend films incorporated with betel leaf ethanolic extract loaded in liposomes and their use as pouches for shrimp oil packaging
Authors: Tagrida Mohamed , Gulzar Saqib , Nilsuwan Krisana , Prodpran Thummanoon , Ma Lukai , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: December 2022

SummaryProperties of gelatin/chitosan blend films plasticised with different plasticisers and incorporated with liposomes loaded with betel leaf ethanolic extract (L/BLEE) at 2% or BLEE at an equivalent amount were investigated. Films plasticised with glycerol (GLY) and incorporated with BLEE (B‐GLY) showed better properties (P < 0.05) than other films (F‐GLY, LB‐GLY, F‐PEG, B,PEG and LB‐PEG). Type of plasticiser had no effect on antioxidant activities of films (P > 0.05). SEM images of the films revealed homogenous surface and cross‐section in film samples devoid of active compounds, while those incorporated with BLEE or L/BLEE had rougher surfaces and cross‐sections. During storage at room temperature, lower oxidation took place in shrimp oil packaged in pouches made from gelatin/chitosan blend plasticised with GLY and incorporated with BLEE (B‐GLY) compared with that packaged in lower density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches. Therefore, B‐GLY films could be used as active packaging to retard lipid oxidation in shrimp oil.
Interaction of α‐lactalbumin with dihydromyricetin and its application in nano‐emulsion
Authors: Zhen Shiyu , Geng Sheng , Ma Hanjun , Liu Benguo 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe non‐covalent interaction between α‐lactalbumin (α‐La) and dihydromyricetin (DMY) was systematically revealed based on spectrofluorimetry and molecular docking method, and the potential application of their complex as an emulsifier in nano‐emulsion was evaluated. The results showed that DMY and α‐La could form a non‐covalent complex, which led to the static fluorescence quenching of α‐La, and their complexation was driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, causing the changes in the microenvironment around the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of α‐La, which was consistent with molecular docking analysis. The increase of the proportion of DMY in the complex could gradually improve the ability of the complex to reduce the oil/water interfacial tension and its ABTS radical scavenging ability. The stability and β‐carotene protective effect of nano‐emulsion developed by the complex were superior to those of nano‐emulsion stabilised by α‐La, which were positively correlated with the DMY concentration in the complex.
Staff perspectives on the effects of seclusion in adolescent psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Yurtbasi Miriam K. , Melvin Glenn , Pavlou Christine , Gordon Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNurses are at the forefront of seclusion in adolescent psychiatric units. Understanding nurses and other staff perspectives on the effects of seclusion is critical in the ongoing effort to minimize and eliminate seclusion. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of staff attitudes, experiences, and beliefs about the effects of seclusion on both themselves and patients. Thirty‐one staff members (including 20 nurses) completed the Attitudes to Seclusion Survey and 24 participated in semi‐structured interviews to explore their beliefs and experiences of seclusion use in adolescent psychiatric inpatient care. Analysis of the questionnaire showed overwhelming agreement in the negative impacts of seclusion on patients, while there was uncertainty around the positive impacts of seclusion. Using a combination of the intuitive approach and thematic analysis, five themes were identified from interviews with staff, three unique to nurses: (i) staff were reluctant to use seclusion but felt it was necessary, (ii) nurses felt under‐resourcing led to increased chances of seclusion, (iii) staff believed seclusion negatively impacted the patients, (iv) nurses felt their relationships with patients were negatively impacted, and (v) seclusion also had a negative effect on nurses. Clinical recommendations included a systematic and structured approach to debriefing to repair ruptures in the therapeutic relationship; staffing to be based on the acuity of the unit rather than occupancy; alternatives to seclusion that meet the needs of service providers and consumers. Future research should compare staff and patient perspectives, include multiple sites, and greater participation of non‐nursing staff.
Crystallization of LiNbO3 and NaNbO3 in niobiosilicate glass–ceramics
Authors: Gerace Katy S. , Randall Clive A. , Mauro John C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough glass–ceramics have been widely explored for their thermal stability and mechanical properties, they also offer unique symmetry‐dependent properties such as piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity through controlled crystallization of a polar phase. This work examines crystallization of LiNbO3 in a 35SiO2–30Nb2O5–35Li2O mol% composition and crystallization of LiNbO3 and NaNbO3 in a 35SiO2–30Nb2O5–25Li2O–10Na2O mol% composition. Crystallization kinetics are examined using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory where the Avrami exponent, n, is calculated to be 1.0–1.5. Microscopical analysis shows dendritic morphology, which when combined with the JMAK analysis, suggests diffusion‐controlled one‐dimensional growth. Adding Na2O to the glass composition increases the inter‐diffusivity of ions which causes LiNbO3 to crystallize faster and lowers the activation energy of transformation from 1054 ± 217 kJ/mol in the ternary composition to 882 ± 212 kJ/mol. Time‐temperature‐transformation diagrams are presented which show that the temperature for maximum rate of transformation for LiNbO3 is ∼650°C and for NaNbO3 is ∼715°C.
Effects of dehydrofreezing conditions on tomato lycopene and kinetics of lycopene change in dehydrofrozen tomatoes during storage
Authors: Tumer Emre , Tulek Yahya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the study, the change in lycopene content of tomatoes, which were frozen either fresh or after being partially dehydrated with different methods (convective, osmotic, and vacuum dehydration) during the 6‐month storage at −20°C was investigated. In the freezing process, tomatoes were frozen at 2 m/s air flow velocity by convective method and at different freezing temperatures (−30, −35, −40°C) and cryogenic method up to the thermal center temperature of the samples reaches to −20°C. It was determined that the reaction representing the lycopene change during the storage process occurred in accordance with the first‐order kinetic model. The reaction rate constants (k) determined for the lycopene change during the storage process of the tomatoes frozen by the convective method were found to be affected by freezing conditions and the results revealed that the k value decreased with reducing temperature. It was found that the half‐life time of the lycopene change reaction during the storage period increased as the freezing temperature decreased in the tomatoes frozen by the convective method. In general, it was seen that in terms of lycopene preservation of tomatoes, freezing of tomatoes with cryogenic method after being dehydrated by vacuum and osmotic treatment gave better results The lycopene loss at the end of the 6‐month storage was determined to be 46.4% in the tomatoes frozen by the cryogenic method after being dehydrated by the osmotic treatment, whereas it was 64% in the samples that were freshly frozen at −30°C.Practical applicationsDehydrofreezing is a food freezing method in which the foods are partially dehydrated and then frozen. Traditional freezing methods cause serious damage to the vegetal products. Reducing the water that will be frozen in the dehydrofreezing process allows to form ice crystals without damaging the cellular structure of vegetables. Because of the reduction of tissue damage, sensitive nutrients are less affected by process conditions. As a result; for food producers, dehydrofreezing technology seems to be more advantageous as it means less processing time, more weight product for unit volume and high quality products. In conclusion, according to the results, freezing the tomatoes by dehydrofreezing method gives better results to protect the tomato lycopene during storage.
Developing a methodology to quantify mismanaged plastic waste entering the ocean in coastal countries
Authors: Ita‐Nagy Diana , Vázquez‐Rowe Ian , Kahhat Ramzy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarine plastic accumulation has gained international attention in recent years. Sources, pathways, and environmental impacts are being currently studied to understand the complex interactions during waste, especially plastic, transportation to the sea. Rivers have been identified as debris corridors allowing transportation of mismanaged waste. However, there is also evidence of waste accumulation in river basins, suggesting they can also act as sinks. Thus, assuming a uniform and continuous transportation of waste through rivers towards the ocean may signify an oversimplification. This study proposes a methodology to estimate plastic release to the ocean, considering a more detailed characterization of each river basin, including natural attributes and manmade constructions that may act as barriers or boosters for this release. The methodology is exemplified using a case study for the Region of Piura, Peru, and estimating a range of 4.2 to 13.9 kg/person/year of plastic waste reaching the Pacific coast during 2018. These results, when compared with the existing literature, demonstrate more conservative estimations. This methodology is presented as a useful tool that can be easily applied to develop more accurate mismanaged waste dissipation along different compartments.
Examining parents' susceptibility: Coparenting relationships and parental involvement in low‐income families
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. , Yan Julia (Jia) , Yoon Susan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether fathers' involvement in play with young children was more susceptible than mothers' involvement to coparenting relationships in low‐income families and examined child gender and fathers' residential status as moderators of susceptibility.BackgroundParental involvement in developmentally appropriate and stimulating activities benefits young children. The coparenting relationship plays an important role in shaping parental involvement, and its impact may be stronger for fathers, rendering fathers more susceptible.MethodData were drawn from 4606 families in the Building Strong Families project. Mothers and fathers reported coparenting relationship quality and involvement in play with children at 15‐ and 36‐month follow‐up studies. Cross‐lagged panel models were used incorporating actor‐partner interdependence.ResultsOverall, fathers' involvement was more strongly affected by coparenting relationship quality than mothers' involvement. Elevated susceptibility to coparenting did not apply to all fathers. The involvement of fathers of girls (vs. fathers of boys) and non‐resident fathers (vs. resident fathers) was more strongly affected by fathers' perceptions of coparenting. The actor effect from coparenting to involvement was stronger for fathers than mothers in families with non‐resident fathers. No significant differences were found in partner effects.ConclusionThis study reveals that parents' susceptibility is multiply determined and highlights the importance of considering the interrelated nature of family subsystems. Intervention programs targeting parenting and coparenting should spare more efforts to involve fathers, especially those whose engagement in parenting may be most susceptible to family processes.
Lawful Persistence
Authors: Builes David , Teitel Trevor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe central aim of this paper is to use a particular view about how the laws of nature govern the evolution of our universe in order to develop and evaluate the two main competing options in the metaphysics of persistence, namely endurantism and perdurantism. We begin by motivating the view that our laws of nature dictate not only qualitative facts about the future, but also which objects will instantiate which qualitative properties. We then show that both traditional doctrines in the metaphysics of persistence must take on surprising further commitments in order to vindicate our universe being law‐governed in this strong sense. For example, we argue that endurantists should adopt a particular version of monism, and that perdurantists should adopt a qualitativist doctrine that dispenses with all individuals at the fundamental level.
Validity and reliability of the Danish version of QUALIDEM
Authors: Lauridsen Henrik Hein , Mau Martin , Midtiby Stig Linnemann , Dröes Rose‐Marie , Ettema Teake , Kristensen Hanne Kaae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionQUALIDEM is a dementia‐specific QoL instrument that allows a proxy‐based Quality of Life rating in all stages of dementia. It was originally developed in The Netherlands and has later been translated into English and German. This study endeavoured to translate, cross‐culturally adapt and test important psychometric properties of a Danish version in a cross‐sectional validation study with a nested test–retest design.MethodAll items underwent forward and backward translation by bilingual academics. Persons with dementia were recruited from 28 healthcare units in a Danish municipality. The severity of dementia was determined using a pragmatic approach allowing the site team to trichotomise the disease (mild, moderate–severe and very severe) before scoring the QUALIDEM. Psychometric properties for QUALIDEM were determined for item characteristics, construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error and floor and ceiling effects. The study was approved by The Danish Data Protection Agency.ResultsA total of 169 persons with dementia, aged 51–103, were included. The construct validity testing showed that the overall proportion of correctly hypothesised correlations was 83%. Testing for internal consistency, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.65 to 0.85 in mild–severe dementia with three out of nine subscales having values below 0.7. For very severe dementia, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.44 to 0.81, with three out of six subscales having insufficient values. For test–retest reliability, the intra‐class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. The ‘scale width’ method revealed a marked ceiling effect in all subscales ranging from 30.6% to 87.7%.DiscussionThe QUALIDEM was successfully translated and cross‐culturally adapted into Danish. Most subscales show acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. However, a substantial measurement error and ceiling effect was present in most subscales.ConclusionWith few exceptions, the subscales of the Danish version of QUALIDEM have acceptable validity and reliability. Future research should address the limitations of the ceiling effects.
Pan‐Africanism in the Pacific: Race and the international construction of West Papuan identity
Authors: Webster David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the discourse of racial difference in the arena of global decolonization, examining the case of the Indonesian territory which is today known as Papua and until 1962 was a Dutch colony. Papuans formed a ‘nation‐of‐intent’ around the idea of ‘race’ and racial difference, initially the invention of colonial anthropologists and explorers. Papuan nationalists seized on the colonial power's declaration of racial difference, declaring themselves ‘the negroids of the Pacific’ and locating themselves within the wave of African decolonization. The paper discusses the way Papuan non‐state diplomats deployed ideas of race to claim a new Pan‐African identity, far from Africa. I draw on Papuan nationalist publications, United Nations and government documents, and oral testimonies to discuss how diplomatic imperatives led to the formation of a Papuan nationalist identity partly within the territory and partly in exile. Finally, I consider how the Papuan diaspora has continued to foster this nation‐of‐intent from exile since Indonesia’s annexation of West Papua in the 1960s.
Strength Characteristics of Plastic-Bonded Plywood
Authors: Parsons G. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
New methods of molding plywood by the bag process, combined with new adhesives, have opened a wide range of possibilities for the use of plywood in aircraft construction. This paper explains some of the more important advantages of plastic-bonded plywood and presents some of the pertinent basic-strength characteristics. The prediction is made that in the near future with gluing technique advancing rapidly, a thin metal covering glued to a plywood core will be used to great advantage in airplanes having high wing loadings. Such construction will combine the high axial strengths of the metals with the good buckling characteristics of the thicker plywood construction.
The Effect of Wood Structure Upon Heat Conductivity
Authors: Wangaard F. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shrinkage and swelling, mechanical properties, and working qualities of wood are all related to the orientation of structural units of the cell wall. The effect of fibrillar orientation upon the heat-conducting properties of wood indicates a new technique for the selection of various qualities of wood. The differential thermal conductivity of wood in the longitudinal and transverse directions is shown to be due chiefly to the anisotropic character of the fibrils, and deviations from anticipated transverse-conductivity values, as well as longitudinal-transverse heat-conductivity ratios, are closely related to fibrillar orientation. In this paper application of longitudinal-transverse conductivity ratios is proposed particularly for the detection of mild compression wood.
Experience in the Use of Electrostatic Fly-Ash Precipitators
Authors: McChesney Irvin G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses several years’ experience with Cottrell electrostatic fly-ash precipitators. Early rod-curtain electrodes were modified following model studies carried out by the Research Corporation, Bound Brook, N. J. The improved design uses punched plates for collecting electrodes. The solutions of other operating problems, including distribution of gas, flue corrosion, and the design of by-pass ducts, are considered.
An Analysis of the Factors Responsible for Raised Grain on the Wood of Oak Following Sanding and Staining
Authors: Marra G. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attempts to minimize the development of raised grain without fully understanding the causes of its development have led to costly processing techniques in industry. The cause or causes of this condition may originate from any one or a combination of several of the many factors involved in the sanding operation. What these factors are or how they function is by no means well understood. The research reported, therefore, was initiated for the purpose of determining the more important factors responsible for the raised-grain condition as they pertain particularly to the wood of oak.
Heating Wood With Radio-Frequency Power
Authors: Taylor J. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Radio-frequency power can advantageously be used to provide the heat required in various types of wood processing such as seasoning, drying, curing of impregnating materials, gluing, and bonding. This method is of considerable importance to the production of plastic plywood planes, boats, and housings of various types. This paper is intended to form an introduction to the subject. The theory of radio-frequency heating is considered briefly, the factors which determine its applicability and usefulness are discussed, and some data for the calculation of power required, time cycle, and operating cost are presented. Means of handling some specific problems are reviewed and several typical installations briefly described.