bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do spatial data from Sibhudu tell us about life in the Middle Stone Age?
Authors: Conard Nicholas J. , Brenner Mareike , Bretzke Knut , Will Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor the last 10 years, we have been carefully excavating rich, well-stratified Middle Stone Age (MSA) horizons from Sibhudu in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This work has provided a great abundance of numerous classes of cultural material from well-controlled contexts dating to between > 90 and 36 ka that is relevant for documenting the Late Pleistocene cultural evolution of Homo sapiens in Africa. In this paper, we look more closely at intra-site spatial relationships between the finds and critically examine their context to determine what has been learned through such careful excavation. The effort is justified because through excavation we destroy sites, necessitating the recovery of as much relevant information as is possible and practicable, for ourselves and for future generations. This paper focuses on the high-resolution Sibhudan sequence at Sibhudu (~ 58 ka) which features high sedimentation rates and abundant finds, with people performing multiple activities in different parts of the site over time. The analyses present examples of how quantitative, 3D spatial data and statistical analyses open new paths of inquiry that advance our understanding of the lifeways of MSA peoples on spatial and temporal scales that have yet to attract much attention by researchers in Africa. Our analyses find intra-site patterning both within and across layers that is indicative of structured spatial use even in small areas of excavation. We identify potential knapping and dumping areas that change their position through time and connect these observations with rich techno-typological and techno-functional information. This work points to future directions, such as refitting and related contextual studies that are rarely used in Late Pleistocene archaeology of southern Africa, but will ultimately provide new insights into MSA lifeways.
Raising an Indigenous academic community: a strength-based approach to Indigenous early career mentoring in higher education
Authors: Povey Rhonda , Trudgett Michelle , Page Susan , Locke Michelle Lea , Harry Matilda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on Indigenous early career researchers’ experiences of mentoring in Australian higher education, with data drawn from a longitudinal qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with 30 Indigenous participants. A consistent theme in the findings and contemporary critical literature has been a reaction against institutionalised and hierarchical cloning and investment models of mentoring that reinforce the accumulation of White cultural capital, in favour of strength-based relational models tailored to build Indigenous cultural wealth in parallel with career development. We write from an equity-based standpoint addressing mentoring as a complex and raced space where individual Indigenous ECRs articulate a desire and will to develop a successful and meaningful career, rich in cultural wealth and with their identity intact. It is our intent that these findings will also have global significance and support the more sustainable and ethical career development of First Nation early career academics in relationally like colonised contexts.
Lessons to learn, discourses to change, relationships to build: How Decolonising Race Theory can articulate the interface between school leadership and Aboriginal students’ schooling experiences
Authors: Burgess Cathie , Fricker Aleryk , Weuffen Sara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen conversations about Aboriginal student educational success emerge, they are usually focussed on the high levels of underachievement and disengagement. School leadership is seen as critical to contributing to student outcomes. For Aboriginal students, creating inclusive learning environments that support culture and identity, and building trusting relationships with families and community members are also critical goals. As part of the Aboriginal Voices project, this paper uses Decolonising Race Theory (Moodie, 2018) to analyse interviews with four Principals in urban, regional, and rural locations to understand their perceptions and experiences of leading Aboriginal education in schools. From the interviews, three key themes emerged: leading culture, identity and school–community relationships, leading curriculum, pedagogy and teacher development, and leading student participation and achievement. Decolonising Race Theory (Moodie, 2018) is applied as an analytical tool to view these themes through a critical Indigenous lens to understand the Principals’ discourses around Aboriginal student experiences at school and their role in improving outcomes. This revealed contradictory positionings within and between Principal comments, from blaming students and their families for their underachievement, to implementing cultural programmes to build confidence to become self-determining adults. This data provides new ways of thinking through discourses about Aboriginal students and their families, communities, schools, teachers and Principals, and challenges some of the ‘regimes of truth’ that position these groups in particular ways.
Modelling the regional effect of transmittance loss on photovoltaic systems due to dust
Authors: Almufarrej Abdulrahman , Erfani Tohid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe regional differences and environmental challenges are key factors in measuring the efficiency of renewable systems. The loss of transmittance due to weather events, such as dust, clouds/rain, extreme heat, and humidity, is one of the main factors causing reduction in energy generation from photovoltaic (PV) systems’ ideal energy production potentials. Existing literature analysed the impact of transmittance loss due to dust on PV systems’ performances, recommending frequent system cleaning to maintain the highest energy production level. In this paper we build a mathematical model to quantify the effect of dust accumulation on the transmittance losses. The model predicts the transmittance losses of PVs at tilts between 0° and 90°, exposed to Kuwait’s climate with and without cleaning. We use the model to analyse the performance of recommended tilts for optimum energy production (overall and seasonal) based on Kuwait’s geographical location. The results demonstrate that the recommended regional optimum tilt (30°) for maximum energy generation is applicable only if the system is cleaned at least once a week. Tilts of 50° and higher can perform better when the frequency of cleaning is once every two weeks or less. This is an important observation that can guide the design, installation, and maintenance (frequency of cleaning) of the PV systems.
Acrylamide-based hydrogels with distinct osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential
Authors: Younus Z. M. , Roach P. , Forsyth N. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegeneration solutions for the osteochondral interface depth are limited, where multi-material implants have the potential to delaminate affecting the regeneration process and impacting the final integrity of tissue interface. Here we explore regionally mixed hydrogel networks, presenting distinct chemical features to determine their compatibility in supporting osteogenic or chondrogenic cell behaviour and differentiation. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and poly(N-tert-butylacrylamide) (pNTBAM) hydrogels were assessed in terms of their chemical differences, mechanical strength, internal architecture, porosity and capacity to support cell viability, migration, and differentiation. pNTBAM polymerized with a Young’s modulus of up to 371 ± 31 kPa compared to the more flexible pNIPAM, 16.5 ± 0.6 kPa. Viability testing revealed biocompatibility of both hydrogels with significantly increased cell numbers observed in pNTBAM (500 ± 95 viable cells/mm2) than in pNIPAM (60 ± 3 viable cells/mm2) (P ≤ 0.05). Mineralization determined through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium ion and annexin A2 markers of mineralization) and osteogenic behaviour (collagen I expression) were supported in both hydrogels, but to a greater extent in pNTBAM. pNTBAM supported significantly elevated levels of chondrogenic markers as evidenced by collagen II and glycosaminoglycan expression in comparison to little or no evidence in pNIPAM (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, structurally similar, chemically distinct, acrylamide hydrogels display variable capacities in supporting osteochondral cell behaviours. These systems demonstrate spatial control of cell interaction through simple changes in monomer chemistry. Fine control over chemical presentation during the fabrication of biomaterial implants could lead to greater efficacy and targeted regeneration of semi-complex tissues.
Improving Potato Yield, Water Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Managing Irrigation Based on Potato Root Distribution
Authors: Wu Lan , Li Li , Ma Zhong , Fan Mingshou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPotato is a typical shallow-root crop and a good understanding of its root distribution is critical in potato water management, which is especially important for potato production in areas such as Inner Mongolia where water resource is limited. We conducted field experiments to investigate the dynamic distribution of potato root in the soil, then used this as a basis to design a new irrigation method for potato production in the region; effects of the improved irrigation and conventional method were analyzed as well by measuring plant growth, yield, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that large difference existed in root distribution of potato plants at different growth stages in Inner Mongolia, suggesting the present water management strategy of uniform irrigation during potato production is inefficient and has great potential for improvement. Adjusting irrigation amount so that the wet soil zone depth covered 80% of root distribution during potato growth significantly increased water productivity, decreased N leaching, improved N absorption, nitrogen use efficiency and plant growth, leading to increased tuber yield. Therefore, the improved water management method can be used extensively.
The Global Epidemiological Transition in Cardiovascular Diseases: Unrecognised Impact of Endemic Infections on Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Agius Paul A. , Cutts Julia C. , Song Peige , Rudan Igor , Rudan Diana , Aboyans Victor , McDermott Mary M. , Criqui Michael H. , Fowkes F. Gerald R. , Fowkes Freya J. I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn epidemiological transition in the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is taking place especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where an ageing population and adoption of western lifestyles are associated with an increase in PAD. We discuss the limited evidence which suggests that infection, potentially mediated by inflammation, may be a risk factor for PAD, and show by means of an ecological analysis that country-level prevalence of the major endemic infections of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria are associated with the prevalence of PAD. While further research is required, we propose that scientists and health authorities pay more attention to the interplay between communicable and non-communicable diseases, and we suggest that limiting the occurrence of endemic infections might have some effect on slowing the epidemiological transition in PAD.
Asymmetric Impacts of Diurnal Warming on Vegetation Carbon Sequestration of Marshes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shen Xiangjin , Liu Yiwen , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Yanji , Ma Rong , Liu Binhui , Lu Xianguo , Jiang Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the world's Third Pole, the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau has a large area of marshes, which plays an important role in global carbon cycle. The net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation is a crucial index for measuring the carbon flux of marsh ecosystems. Understanding the change in marsh NPP and its response to climatic change is important for assessing carbon sequestration of marsh ecosystems. Based on MODIS NPP data and climate data from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal change in marsh NPP and determined its relationship with climate factors on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the average annual NPP of marshes on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau increased significantly by 11.70 ± 1.07 g C·m−2/10a during 2000–2020, with an average value of about 184.37 ± 11.12 g C·m−2. Spatially, the annual marsh NPP showed obviously increasing trend in the northeast but decreasing trend in the southwest regions. Daytime maximum and nighttime minimum temperatures had asymmetric effects on marsh NPP, with a larger positive effect of minimum temperature. Warmed minimum temperatures in winter and spring significantly increased the annual marsh NPP on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The increasing maximum and minimum temperatures in the summer obviously promoted the vegetation growth in marshes. Additionally, the increasing spring precipitation could significantly increase the marsh NPP. Our results highlight that the asymmetric impacts of daytime and nighttime temperatures on marsh vegetation should be adequately considered in predicting marsh carbon sequestration on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, especially in the context of global asymmetric diurnal warming.
Simultaneous Measurements of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Soil Respiration Reveal Reduced Soil Carbon Loss Under Nitrogen Addition in a Montane Forest
Authors: Wang Tao , Ao Jing , Liu Xinyu , Peng Yuanrui , Op de Beeck Michiel , Chang Ruiying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA major uncertainty in the estimation of soils acting as net carbon (C) sinks or sources stem from the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input on the balance between plant C input and soil C loss. In contrast to the generally observed increasing pattern of plant C input, the response of soil C loss to increased N deposition remains elusive, largely due to its large temporal variation. Here simultaneous measurements of two major soil C loss pathways, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and soil respiration, were conducted for 5 and 3 yr, respectively, to assess the effects of N addition on soil C loss in an N‐limited montane forest. The effects were seasonal, depth and N level dependent and the two pathways responded asynchronously to N addition. Significant decreases in DOC concentrations and fluxes in leachates from the organic layer were observed during autumn/winter under a high N addition rate (40 kg N/ha/yr). No significant impact of N addition on DOC concentrations or fluxes was observed for leachates from the mineral soil horizon. Biodegradability was low for DOC from both soil layers and was not consistently influenced by N addition. Soil respiration was significantly decreased under high N addition. Annual soil C loss (estimated by summing DOC leaching from the mineral horizon and soil respiration) showed that N addition reduced soil C loss consistently over years, implying that the forest soil is likely a C sink under excess N deposition, which should be confirmed with longer term monitoring.
Flavonoid-attracted Aeromonas sp. from the Arabidopsis root microbiome enhances plant dehydration resistance
Authors: He Danxia , Singh Sunil K , Peng Li , Kaushal Richa , Vílchez Juan I , Shao Chuyang , Wu Xiaoxuan , Zheng Shuai , Morcillo Rafael J L , Paré Paul W , Zhang Huiming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flavonoids are stress-inducible metabolites important for plant-microbe interactions. In contrast to their well-known function in initiating rhizobia nodulation in legumes, little is known about whether and how flavonoids may contribute to plant stress resistance through affecting non-nodulating bacteria. Here we show that flavonoids broadly contribute to the diversity of the Arabidopsis root microbiome and preferentially attract Aeromonadaceae, which included a cultivable Aeromonas sp. H1 that displayed flavonoid-induced chemotaxis with transcriptional enhancement of flagellum biogenesis and suppression of fumarate reduction for smooth swims. Strain H1 showed multiple plant-beneficial traits and enhanced plant dehydration resistance, which required flavonoids but not through a sudden “cry-for-help” upon stress. Strain H1 boosted dehydration-induced H2O2 accumulation in guard cells and stomatal closure, concomitant with synergistic induction of jasmonic acid-related regulators of plant dehydration resistance. These findings revealed a key role of flavonoids, and the underlying mechanism, in mediating plant-microbiome interactions including the bacteria-enhanced plant dehydration resistance.
Deficiency of PPP6C protects TNF-induced necroptosis through activation of TAK1
Authors: Zou Yonggang , Zheng Qi , Jiang Bin , Liu Yuning , Xu Yanhua , Ma Liang , Hu Zonghao , Wu Ming , Song Hai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNecroptotic cell death is mediated by a super-molecular complex called necrosome which consists of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The role of these kinases has been extensively investigated in the regulation of necroptosis. However, whether the protein phosphatase is involved in necroptosis is still largely unknown. Here, we identified protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit (PPP6C) promotes TNF-induced necroptosis by genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening. We found that PPP6C deficiency protects cells from TNF-induced necroptosis in a phosphatase-activity-dependent manner. Mechanistically, PPP6C acts as a TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphatase to inactivate its kinase activity. Deletion of PPP6C leads to hyperactivation of TAK1 and reduced RIPK1 kinase activity upon TNF stimulation. We further showed that heterozygous deletion of Ppp6c in mouse gastrointestinal tract alleviates necroptosis-related tissue injury and inflammation. Thus, our study identifies PPP6C as an important regulator of necroptosis and highlights a central role of phosphatase in the regulation of necroptosis-related diseases.
Estrogens revert neutrophil hyperplasia by inhibiting Hif1α-cMyb pathway in zebrafish myelodysplastic syndromes models
Authors: Li Xuexiao , Wang Luping , Qin Xun , Chen Xiaohui , Li Li , Huang Zhibin , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by daunting genetic heterogeneity and a high risk of leukemic transformation, which presents great challenges for clinical treatment. To identify new chemicals for MDS, we screened a panel of FDA-approved drugs and verified the neutrophil hyperplasia inhibiting role of 17β-estradiol (E2, a natural estrogen) in several zebrafish MDS models (pu.1G242D/G242D, irf8Δ57Δ/57 and c-mybhyper). However, the protective mechanism of estrogen in the development of hematological malignancies remains to be explored. Here, analyzing the role of E2 in the development of each hematopoietic lineage, we found that E2 exhibited a specific neutrophil inhibiting function. This neutrophil inhibitory function of E2 is attributed to its down-regulation of c-myb, which leads to accelerated apoptosis and decreased proliferation of neutrophils. We further showed that knockdown of hif1α could mimic the neutrophil inhibiting role of E2, and hif1α overexpression could reverse the protective function of E2. Collectively, our findings highlight the protective role of E2 on MDS by inhibiting hif1α-c-myb pathway, suggesting that E2 is a promising and effective drug for hematopoietic tumors associated with abnormal neutrophil hyperplasia.
Platelet proteome reveals features of cell death, antiviral response and viral replication in covid-19
Authors: Trugilho Monique R. O. , Azevedo-Quintanilha Isaclaudia G. , Gesto João S. M. , Moraes Emilly Caroline S. , Mandacaru Samuel C. , Campos Mariana M. , Oliveira Douglas M. , Dias Suelen S. G. , Bastos Viviane A. , Santos Marlon D. M. , Carvalho Paulo C. , Valente Richard H. , Hottz Eugenio D. , Bozza Fernando A. , Souza Thiago Moreno L. , Perales Jonas , Bozza Patrícia T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 400 million people worldwide, leading to 6 million deaths. Among the complex symptomatology of COVID-19, hypercoagulation and thrombosis have been described to directly contribute to lethality, pointing out platelets as an important SARS-CoV-2 target. In this work, we explored the platelet proteome of COVID-19 patients through a label-free shotgun proteomics approach to identify platelet responses to infection, as well as validation experiments in a larger patient cohort. Exclusively detected proteins (EPs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the proteomic dataset and thus classified into biological processes to map pathways correlated with pathogenesis. Significant changes in the expression of proteins related to platelet activation, cell death, and antiviral response through interferon type-I were found in all patients. Since the outcome of COVID-19 varies highly among individuals, we also performed a cross-comparison of proteins found in survivors and nonsurvivors. Proteins belonging to the translation pathway were strongly highlighted in the nonsurvivor group. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 genome was fully sequenced in platelets from five patients, indicating viral internalization and preprocessing, with CD147 as a potential entry route. In summary, platelets play a significant role in COVID-19 pathogenesis via platelet activation, antiviral response, and disease severity.
Short-term progression of optic disc and macular changes in optic nerve head drusen
Authors: Pilat Anastasia V. , Proudlock Frank A. , Kumar Periyasamy , Gottlob Irene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify in patients with optic nerve head drusen (ONHD)changes after 1-year observation in: (i) optic disc and (ii) macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and (iii) the effect of age at enrolment in the study.

Design
Prospective, cross-sectional observational study using Spectral Domain-OCT (Copernicus; OPTOPOL Technology S.A., Zawiercie, Poland) imaging was carried out in 35 patients with ONHD (age–42.8 ± 19.9 years; males = 15; females = 20) at baseline and after 12 months follow-up.

Results
Patients with ONHD had significant thinning of the surface nerve fibre layer in the central (p = 0.03), superior (p = 0.05) and inferior (p = 0.04) areas; mean ppRNFL thinning (p = 0.0 4) and ppRNFL thinning in the nasal segment (p = 0.028). Retinal thinning in the central (p = 0.001), inner (p = 0.01) and outer (p = 0.002) temporal, outer superior (p = 0.03) and inferior (p = 0.02) areas; borderline ganglion cell layer thinning (p = 0.051) and outer nuclear layer (p = 0.03) thinning in the central retina and outer segment layer thinning nasally (p = 0.01) between the first and the second visit in macula. Correlation of the difference in optic disc and macular parameters with the age at enrolment did not reveal any significance.

Conclusions
Statistically detectable thinning of the optic nerve and macula structures occurred already after 12 months. The proximity of optic nerve changes to the vascular arcades can possibly be explained by involvement of retinal vessels in the pathophysiology of ONHD.