bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between antibiotic consumption and colon and rectal cancer development in older individuals: A territory‐wide study
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Chan Esther W. , Tam Anthony , Wong Irene O. L. , Seto Wai Kay , Hung Ivan F. N. , Wong Ian C. K. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics may alter colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to gut dysbiosis. We aimed to study the specific and temporal effects of various antibiotics on CRC development in older individuals.MethodsThis was a territory‐wide retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 60 years and older who did not have CRC diagnosed on screening/diagnostic colonoscopy diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 were recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of CRC, colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, and CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy. Exposure was use of any antibiotics up to 5 years before colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosed >6 m after colonoscopy. Covariates were patient demographics, history of colonic polyps/polypectomy, concomitant medication use (NSAIDs, COX‐2 inhibitors, aspirin, and statins), and performance of endoscopy centers (colonoscopy volume and polypectomy rate). Stratified analysis was conducted according to nature of antibiotics and location of cancer.ResultsNinety seven thousand one hundred and sixty‐two eligible subjects (with 1026 [1.0%] cases of CRC) were identified, 58,704 (60.4%) of whom were exposed to antibiotics before index colonoscopy. Use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of cancer in rectum (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.76), but a higher risk of cancer in proximal colon (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15–2.32). These effects differed as regards the anti‐anaerobic/anti‐aerobic activity, narrow‐/broad‐spectrum, and administration route of antibiotics.ConclusionsAntibiotics had divergent effects on CRC development in older subjects, which varied according to the location of cancer, antibiotic class, and administration route.
Comprehensive multivariate evaluation of the effects on cell phenotypes in multicolor flow cytometry data using ANOVA simultaneous component analysis
Authors: Bertinetto Carlo G. , Spijkerman Roy , Hesselink Lillian , Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , Bongers Coen C. W. G. , Postma Geert J. , Hopman Maria T. E. , Koenderman Leo , Jansen Jeroen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work proposes an approach to assess the effects observed in multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) experiments, for all markers and experimental factors simultaneously. It achieves this end by extending ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), a multivariate version of ANOVA, to flow cytometry data. It is based on an initial multiset PCA model to describe the main variation patterns of cell marker expression, followed by an ASCA model on the histograms built from these PCA scores. This approach allows for determining the variations in cell phenotype distribution that are related to the experimental design. On a data set from a study of the immune response to prolonged physical exercise, the proposed method computed the effect size and statistical significance of all the experimental factors and their interactions. Most notably, it provided easily interpretable submodels for the overall effect of the walking exercise and for the interaction between exercise and the responsiveness to a bacterial stimulus. The application of a time‐guided sequential clustering algorithm to the ASCA scores revealed a stratification of the studied individuals based on their neutrophil activation dynamics. These effects were not clearly detectable using PCA alone. In comparison with pairwise classification models by DAMACY (a discriminant analysis method for MFC data), ASCA results were less detailed in describing differences between specific samples, but had the advantage of modeling several factors and levels simultaneously. Such characteristics make the proposed implementation of ASCA an effective and complementary addition to the chemometric methodologies for the analysis of MFC data.
Teaching an Old Compound New Tricks: Reversible Transamidation in Maleamic Acids
Authors: Matysiak Bartosz M. , Monreal Santiago Guillermo , Otto Sijbren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDynamic combinatorial chemistry is a method widely used for generating responsive libraries of compounds, with applications ranging from chemical biology to materials science. It relies on dynamic covalent bonds that are able to form in a reversible manner in mild conditions, and therefore requires the discovery of new types of these bonds in order to progress. Amides, due to their high stability, have been scarcely used in this field and typically require an external catalyst or harsh conditions for exchange. Compounds able to undergo uncatalysed transamidation at room temperature are still rare exceptions. In this work, we describe reversible amide formation and transamidation in a class of compounds known as maleamic acids. Due to the presence of a carboxylic acid in β‐position, these compounds are in equilibrium with their anhydride and amine precursors in organic solvents at room temperature. First, we show that this equilibrium is responsive to external stimuli: by alternating the additions of a Brønsted acid and a base, we can switch between amide and anhydride several times without side‐reactions. Next, we prove that this equilibrium provides a pathway for reversible transamidation without any added catalyst, leading to thermodynamic distributions of amides at room temperature. Lastly, we use different preparation conditions and concentrations of Brønsted acid to access different library distributions, easily controlling the transition between kinetic and thermodynamic regimes. Our results show that maleamic acids can undergo transamidation in mild conditions in a reversible and tunable way, establishing them as a new addition to the toolbox of dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
The Mechanism of One‐Step Synthesis of Oxides from Metal Chlorides and Their Electrocatalytic HER Study
Authors: Lin Shengnan , Zhang Tingan , Zhang Junjie , Li Yujia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well known that a layered structure can improve charge transfer and is a favorable catalyst material. Most of them are metal oxides, and some metal hydroxides and carbonates have also been proved to have good catalytic performance. Generally, the preparation method is to prepare the precursor and then calcinate them to get metal oxides. Through literature review and repeated experiments, it is found that cationic membrane electrosynthesis with CeCl3·7H2O as a raw material may be able to prepare metal oxides in one step. Furthermore, whether Fe, which is also a variable metal, can also form metal oxides in one step is investigated. Therefore, in this study, CeO2, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3 nanomaterials with the hierarchical structure are prepared by cationic membrane electrolytic synthesis at room temperature. The composition and microstructure of the nanomaterials are studied using XRD, FTIR, XPS, and SEM. Finally, the electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance of the samples is simply tested.
Mandibular antegonial notch depth in postpubertal individuals: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Schütz Christian , Denes Balazs J. , Kiliaridis Stavros , Antonarakis Gregory S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo perform an epidemiological analysis of the antegonial notch depth in postpubertal individuals and to analyze the development of deep antegonial notches longitudinally in growing individuals.Material and MethodsLateral cephalograms of 302 untreated 17/18‐year‐old subjects (171 males; 131 females), from the craniofacial growth legacy collection, were analysed to measure antegonial notch depth along the mandibular plane. Sex and sagittal malocclusion were investigated as possible factors influencing notch depth. In subjects with deep antegonial notches (>1.5 standard deviation) at the age of 17/18 years, earlier lateral cephalograms at 7/8 and 13/14 years were obtained, and the magnitude of notch depth analyzed longitudinally. Linear regression analyses were used to assess correlations between antegonial notch depth and other recorded variables.ResultsAntegonial notch depth ranged from 0 to 5.3 mm (mean 2.0 ± 1.0 mm). Antegonial notches were significantly deeper in males (2.3 ± 1.1 mm) than females (1.5 ± 0.7 mm) (p < .001). Notch depth was on average 0.3 mm deeper in Class I than in Class II or III individuals (p = .019). Twenty‐one subjects (all male) were judged to have deep antegonial notches at the age of 17/18. In these subjects, notch depth deepened from 13/14 to 17/18 years (p < .001), whereas no change was observed between 7/8 and 13/14 years.ConclusionsAntegonial notch depth shows important variation in postpubertal individuals, with males having deeper notches than females on average. In those with deep antegonial notches (all males in the present sample), notch depth increases not during prepubertal growth but during the pubertal growth spurt.
Mapping maize chlorotic mottle virus tolerance loci in the Maize 282 Association Panel
Authors: Ohlson Erik W. , Redinbaugh Margaret G. , Jones Mark W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a devastating synergistic viral disease of maize caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) plus a virus in the Potyviridae family. The disease has severely impacted maize production in East Africa, Asia, and South America over the past decade, and the presence of MCMV and maize infecting potyviruses in the United States is an ongoing concern. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using the Maize 282 Association Mapping Panel (AMP) to characterize the genetic architecture of host response to MCMV and to identify disease‐tolerant lines. The GWAS analysis detected genomic variants on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, and 8 that were significantly associated with response to MCMV. Several lines in the 282 AMP were highly tolerant to infection, including CML333, one of the parental lines used in the maize nested association mapping population. Quantitative trait locus analysis of the B73 × CML333 recombinant inbred line population revealed an MCMV tolerance locus on chromosome 10. These findings further our understanding of the genetic architecture of MCMV tolerance and will facilitate the development of maize lines, hybrids, and cultivars with improved resistance to MLN and MCMV.
Intraspecific versus interspecific crosses for superior progeny in Cicer species
Authors: Sari Duygu , Sari Hatice , Eker Tuba , Ikten Cengiz , Uzun Bulent , Toker Cengiz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBoth intraspecific and interspecific crosses are a well‐known breeding strategies to generate variations or assemble desirable traits in economically important plants. Interspecific crosses have been mined to improve resistance to (a)biotic stresses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a limited number of research studies but have never been crosschecked for yield and yield criteria in intraspecific versus interspecific crosses. Comparison of superior progeny or superior recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and better progeny than their best parent for yield, yield criteria, and resistance to (a)biotic stresses in intraspecific versus interspecific crosses was the objectives of this study. Also, associations between superior progeny and genetic distance based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were assessed among annual Cicer species including cultivated chickpea, C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis. Each two genotypes of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were crossed with three genotypes of cultivated chickpea. Not only superior progeny for yield and yield criteria, but also superior RILs that were cold tolerant were detected higher in interspecific crosses than in intraspecific crosses. On the other hand, plant height, first pod height, and seed size were higher in intraspecific crosses than in interspecific crosses, indicating that seed size and traits suitable for combine harvest can be increased via intraspecific crosses. A significant association was found between superior progeny and genetic distance among Cicer species. It was concluded that interspecific crosses in Cicer species may increase yield and resistance to (a)biotic stresses, whereas intraspecific crosses may increase plant height and seed size.
A new electronically tunable mutually coupled circuit using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs)
Authors: Özer Emre 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel mutually coupled circuit (MCC) based on the current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA). The proposed MCC includes two CCTAs, three resistors, and two grounded capacitors. The mutual and the self‐inductances can be controlled independently and electronically. There is a single matching condition for satisfying symmetrical coupling. The simulation results have been obtained with the LTspice program using 0.13 μm IBM CMOS technology parameters. As an application example, a double‐tuned band‐pass (DTBP) filter is provided to demonstrate the workability of the proposed MCC. An experimental study is conducted to confirm the time‐domain and frequency domain performance of the DTBP filter by utilizing commercially available integrated circuits (ICs).
Gene expression in male and female stickleback from populations with convergent and divergent throat coloration
Authors: McKinnon Jeffrey S. , Newsome William Burns , Balakrishnan Christopher N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding of genetic mechanisms underlying variation in sexual dichromatism remains limited, especially for carotenoid‐based colors. We addressed this knowledge gap in a gene expression study with threespine stickleback. We compared male and female throat tissues across five populations, including two in which female red coloration has evolved convergently. We found that the expression of individual genes, gene ontologies, and coexpression networks associated with red female color within a population differed between California and British Columbia populations, suggesting differences in underlying mechanisms. Comparing females from each of these populations to females from populations dominated by dull females, we again found extensive expression differences. For each population, genes and networks associated with female red color showed the same patterns for males only inconsistently. The functional roles of genes showing correlated expression with female color are unclear within populations, whereas genes highlighted through inter‐population comparisons include some previously suggested to function in carotenoid pathways. Among these, the most consistent patterns involvedTTC39B(Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 39B), which is within a known red coloration QTL in stickleback and implicated in red coloration in other taxa.
Plant–plant interactions determine natural restoration of plant biodiversity over time, in a degraded mined land
Authors: Bashirzadeh Maral , Shefferson Richard P. , Farzam Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRestoration of degraded environments is essential to mitigate adverse impacts of human activities on ecosystems. Plant–plant interactions may provide effective means for restoring degraded arid lands, but little is understood about these impacts. In this regard, we analyzed the effects of two dominant nurse plants (i.e.,Artemisia sieberiandStipa arabica) on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across different ages of land abandonment (i.e., control, recent, and old ages) in a limestone mine site in Iran. In addition, we considered two spatial scales: i) the plot scale (i.e., under 1m2 plots) and ii) the vegetation‐patch scale (i.e., under the canopies of nurse plants), to assess nurse plant effects, land abandonment ages, and their relative importance on biodiversity facets by performing Kruskal–Wallis H test and variation partitioning analysis. Our results indicated an increase in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity at the plot scale, when considering the presence of nurse plants under old ages of land abandonment. Such significant differences were consistent with the positive effects ofArtemisiapatches on taxonomic diversity andStipapatches on functional and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, we found a larger contribution from nurse plants than land abandonment age on biodiversity variation at both spatial scales studied. Therefore, these results indicate the importance of plant–plant interactions in restoring vegetation, with their effects on the presence of beneficiary species and their functional and phylogenetic relatedness depending on the nurse life forms under the stress‐gradient hypothesis.
Diabetic kidney disease versus non‐diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients on dialysis: An observational cohort
Authors: Delautre Arnaud , Hannedouche Thierry , Couchoud Cécile , Guiserix José , Cerasuolo Damiano , Chantrel François , Martzloff Jonas , Keller Nicolas , Krummel Thierry ,   the REIN registry
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAll chronic kidney diseases in diabetic patients are not diabetic kidney diseases. The objective was to compare the clinical characteristics, survival and access to transplantation in diabetic patients starting dialysis and classified either as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or non‐diabetic kidney disease in diabetic patients (NDKD).MethodsWe used the nationwide French REIN registry to analyse baseline clinical characteristics at dialysis inception and outcomes defined as kidney transplantation, deaths and their causes. The probability of death or transplantation was analysed using a multivariate Cox model and the Fine and Gray competing for risk model (sdHT).ResultsWe included 65,136 patients from January 2009 to December 2015 with a median follow‐up of 31 months. The cumulative incidence of kidney transplantation over eight years was 46.9% (44.8–48.9) in non‐diabetic patients (ND), higher than the 19.3% (17.5–21.2) in the DKD group and 22.2% (18.4–26.7) in the NDKD group. The risk of death was significantly higher in the NDKD group than in the DKD group, even after accounting for the competing risk of transplantation (NDKD/sdHR 1.22; 95%CI 1.18–1.27; p < 0.005 vs. DKD/sdHR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08–1.16; p < 0.005 with adjustment for age, sex, major adverse cardiovascular events, cancer and chronic respiratory failure, compared to ND).ConclusionsIn diabetic patients starting dialysis, patients in the DKD group had reduced access to kidney transplantation. NDKD patients had a higher risk of mortality than DKD. The distinction between DKD and NDKD should be accounted for in the plan of care of diabetic patients starting dialysis.
Removing subordinate species in a biodiversity experiment to mimic observational field studies
Authors: Schmid Bernhard , Schmitz Martin , Rzanny Michael , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Mwangi Peter N. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Hector Andrew , Schmid Roland , Flynn Dan F. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPositive effects of plant species richness on community biomass in biodiversity experiments are often stronger than those from observational field studies. This may be because experiments are initiated with randomly assembled species compositions whereas field communities have experienced filtering.MethodsWe compared aboveground biomass production of randomly assembled communities of 2–16 species (controls) with experimentally filtered communities from which subordinate species were removed, resulting in removal communities of 1–8 species.ResultsRemoval communities had (1) 12.6% higher biomass than control communities from which they were derived, that is, with double species richness and (2) 32.0% higher biomass than control communities of equal richness. These differences were maintained along the richness gradient. The increased productivity of removal communities was paralleled by increased species evenness and complementarity.ConclusionsResult (1) indicates that subordinate species can reduce community biomass production, suggesting a possible explanation for why the most diverse field communities sometimes do not have the highest productivity. Result (2) suggests that if a community of S species has been derived by filtering from a pool of 2S randomly chosen species it is more productive than a community derived from a pool of S randomly chosen species without filtering.
Functional profiles of soil microbial communities in the alpine and temperate grasslands of China
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Jizhong , Guo Xue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrassland ecosystems in cold regions are typical of short growing seasons and limited primary productivity, rendering soil microorganisms as major ecosystem engineers in governing biogeochemical cycling. Climate warming and extensive livestock grazing have dramatically influenced soil microbial diversity and function in grassland worldwide, but it remains elusive how functional microbial communities exist and respond to global changes. Here, we present a review to highlight similarities and differences in soil functional microbial communities between alpine grasslands in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and temperate grasslands in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, both of which are major plateaus in China, but differ substantially in geography. We show that many specialized functional groups thrive under harsh conditions, exhibiting a high functional diversity. Their community compositions mirror the heterogeneity and complexity of grassland soils. Moreover, functional microbial responses to environmental changes have been extremely variable, with few consistent patterns across both plateaus. Because we identify a lack of technical standardization that prevents in‐depth comparative studies for functional microbial communities, we conclude the review by outlining several research gaps that need to be filled in future studies.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the ageing brain in normal and demented populations: A systematic review
Authors: Coelho Ana , Sousa Nuno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to identify significant changes in brain mechanical properties during normal and pathological aging. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for human studies using MRE to assess brain mechanical properties in cognitively healthy individuals, individuals at risk of dementia or patients diagnosed with dementia. Study characteristics, sample demographics, clinical characterization and main MRE outcomes were summarized in a table. A total of 19 studies (nine aging, 10 dementia), comprising 700 participants, were included. The main findings were decreased cerebral stiffness along aging, with rates of annual change ranging from −0.008 to −0.025 kPa per year. Also, there were regional differences in the age effect on brain stiffness. Concerning demented patients, differential patterns of stiffness were found for distinct dementia subtypes. Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia exhibited decreased brain stiffness in comparison to cognitively healthy controls and significant declines were found in regions known to be affected by the disease. In normal pressure hydrocephalus, the results were not consistent across studies, and in dementia with Lewy bodies no significant differences in brain stiffness were found. In conclusion, aging is characterized by the softening of brain tissue and this event is even more pronounced in pathological aging, such as dementia. MRE technique could be applied as a sensible diagnostic tool to identify deviations from normal aging and develop new brain biomarkers of cognitive decline/dementia that would help promote healthier cognitive aging.