bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of User Behaviour While Interpreting Spatial Patterns in Point Data Sets
Authors: Knura Martin , Schiewe Jochen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVolunteered geographic information is often generated as voluminous point data, leading to geometric and thematic clutter when presented on maps. To solve these clutter problems, cartography provides various point generalization operations such as aggregation, simplification or selection. While these operations reduce the total number of points and therefore improve the readability, information preservation could be harmed when specific spatial patterns disappear through the generalization process, possibly leading to false interpretations. However, sets of map generalization constraints that maintain spatial pattern characteristics of point data are still missing. To define constraints that support synoptic interpretation tasks, user behaviour while solving these tasks has to be analysed first. We conduct a study where participants have to perform such interpretation tasks, using a new method that combines think-aloud interviews and techniques from visual analytics. We reveal that the point density of a dataset has the biggest impact on the user behaviour and the respective task-solving strategy, independently from the actual task type executed. Furthermore, our results show that the graphical map complexity only has a minor impact on the user behaviour, and there is no evidence that point data cardinality influences task execution and the solution-finding strategies.
Creation and impact of containment units with high-risk zones during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Schnell Natalie A. , Brewer Brooke , Young Kimberly , Brown Turkeisha S. , Carson Shannon S. , Culp Loc , Culbreth Cynthia , DiBiase Lauren M. , Fischer William A. , Schultz Katherine M. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Stancill Lisa , Weber David J. , Wolak Erica , Teal Lisa J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) required swift preparation to protect healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients, especially considering shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). Due to the lack of a pre-existing biocontainment unit, we needed to develop a novel approach to placing patients in isolation cohorts while working with the pre-existing physical space.Objectives:To prevent disease transmission to non–COVID-19 patients and HCP caring for COVID-19 patients, to optimize PPE usage, and to provide a comfortable and safe working environment.Methods:An interdisciplinary workgroup developed a combination of approaches to convert existing spaces into COVID-19 containment units with high-risk zones (HRZs). We developed standard workflow and visual management in conjunction with updated staff training and workflows. The infection prevention team created PPE standard practices for ease of use, conservation, and staff safety.Results:The interventions resulted in 1 possible case of patient-to-HCP transmission and zero cases of patient-to-patient transmission. PPE usage decreased with the HRZ model while maintaining a safe environment of care. Staff on the COVID-19 units were extremely satisfied with PPE availability (76.7%) and efforts to protect them from COVID-19 (72.7%). Moreover, 54.8% of HCP working in the COVID-19 unit agreed that PPE monitors played an essential role in staff safety.Conclusions:The HRZ model of containment unit is an effective method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with several benefits. It is easily implemented and scaled to accommodate census changes. Our experience suggests that other institutions do not need to modify existing physical structures to create similarly protective spaces.
Sinophone Classicism: Chineseness as Temporal and Mnemonic Experience in the Digital Era
Authors: Yang Zhiyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, highly heterogeneous literary and artistic articulations harking back to China's classical past have gained increasing currency in the global Sinophone space and cyberspace. Instead of dismissing them as “fetishisms” or authenticating them as “Chinese traditions,” I propose “Sinophone classicism” as a new critical expression for conceptualizing this diverse array of articulations. It refers to the appropriation, redeployment, and reconfiguration of cultural memories evoking Chinese aesthetic and intellectual traditions for local, contemporary, and vernacular uses, by agents identified or self-identified as Chinese. This essay proposes a subjective, intimate, and reflexive way to experience an individual's culturally acquired “Chineseness” that is temporal, mnemonic, and often mediated by digital media. It joins recent scholarly efforts to dismantle the view of “Chinese modernity” as a monocentric and homogenous experience by refocusing on classicism as a kind of “antimodern modernism.” It also joins the post-Eurocentric turn in global academia by hinting at a future of “global classicisms.”
Postcolonial paths of pop: a suburban psychogeography of George Michael and Wham!
Authors: Negus Keith , Sledmere Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article draws on psychogeography to explore suburban Bushey, Hertfordshire (UK), where the popular music duo Wham! formed and created the foundation for the later career of George Michael. It locates this neglected cultural narrative within the context of parental postcolonial and metropolitan journeys, arguing that migrations from the margins of the British Empire and across London form part of a ‘spatial moral order’. Exploring how a distinct pop group emerged at a particular time, it emphasises the importance of family and friendship within the suburban landscape of school, home, a pub, church halls, and a scout hut. A focus on the formation of Wham! contributes to debates about the postcolonial journeys and suburban circumstances that have shaped UK popular music since the end of World War II, and illustrates how psychogeography can contribute to the study of popular music.
A table of n-component handlebody links of genus n+1 up to six crossings
Authors: BELLETTINI GIOVANNI , PAOLINI GIOVANNI , PAOLINI MAURIZIO , WANG YI-SHENG 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA handlebody link is a union of handlebodies of positive genus embedded in 3-space, which generalises the notion of links in classical knot theory. In this paper, we consider handlebody links with a genus two handlebody and
$n-1$
solid tori,
$n>1$
. Our main result is the classification of such handlebody links with six crossings or less, up to ambient isotopy.
Interference of morningglories (Ipomoea spp.) with ‘Fascination’ triploid watermelon
Authors: Arana Jeanine , Meyers Stephen L. , Guan Wenjing , Johnson William G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMorningglories (Ipomoea spp.) are among the most troublesome weeds in cucurbits in the United States; however, little is known about Ipomoea spp. interference with horticultural crops. Two additive design field studies were conducted in 2020 at two locations in Indiana to investigate the interference of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray.), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) with triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. Immediately after watermelon was transplanted, Ipomoea spp. seedlings were transplanted into the watermelon planting holes at densities of 0 (weed-free control), 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 plants 27 m−2. Fruit was harvested once a week for 4 wk, and each fruit was classified as marketable (≥4 kg) or non-marketable (<4 kg). At 1 wk after the final harvest, aboveground biomass samples were collected from 1 m2 per plot and oven-dried to obtain watermelon and Ipomoea spp. dry weight. Seed capsules and the number of seeds in 15 capsules were counted from the biomass sample to estimate seed production. Ipomoea spp. densities increasing from 3 to 24 plants 27 m−2 increased marketable watermelon yield loss from 58% to 99%, reduced marketable watermelon fruit number 49% to 98%, reduced individual watermelon fruit weight 17% to 45%, and reduced watermelon aboveground biomass 83% to 94%. Ipomoea spp. seed production ranged from 549 to 7,746 seeds m−2, greatly increasing the weed seedbank. Ipomoea spp. hindered harvest due to their vines wrapping around watermelon fruits. The most likely reason for watermelon yield loss was interference with light and consequently less dry matter being partitioned into fruit development due to less photosynthesis. Yield loss was attributed to fewer fruits and the weight of each fruit.
Adaptive estimation of continuous gait phase based on capacitive sensors
Authors: Xu Dongfang , Zhang Zhitong , Crea Simona , Vitiello Nicola , Wang Qining 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Continuous gait phase plays an important role in robotic prosthesis control. In this paper, we have conducted the offline adaptive estimation (at different speeds and on different ramps) of continuous gait phase of robotic transtibial prosthesis based on the adaptive oscillators. We have used the capacitive sensing method to record the deformation of the muscles. Two transtibial amputees joined in this study. Based on the strain signals of the prosthetic foot and the capacitive signals of the residual limb, the maximum and minimum of estimation errors are 0.80 rad and 0.054 rad, respectively, and their corresponding ratios in one gait cycle are 1.27% and 0.86%, respectively. This paper proposes an effective method to estimate the continuous gait phase based on the capacitive signals of the residual muscles, which provides a basis for the continuous control of robotic transtibial prosthesis.
A novel microRNA, novel-m009C, regulates methamphetamine rewarding effects
Authors: Zhu Li , Wu Feifei , Yan Zhilan , He Lijun , Wang Shufei , Hu Haohao , Goh Eyleen L. K. , Zhu Yingjie , Guan Fanglin , Chen Teng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant, whose hyper-rewarding property is believed to underlie its addictive effect, but the molecular mechanism regulating this effect remains unclear. We previously reported that decreased expression of a novel microRNA (miRNA), novel-m009C, is implicated in the regulation of METH hyperlocomotion. Here, we found that novel-m009C may be homologous to hsa-miR-604. Its expression is consistently downregulated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice when exposed to METH and cocaine, whereas significant alterations in novel-m009C expression were not observed in the NAc of mice subjected to other rewarding and psychiatric stimuli, such as sucrose, morphine and MK-801. We further found the substantial reduction in novel-m009C expression may be regulated by both dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R). Increasing novel-m009C levels in the NAc attenuated METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and hyperlocomotion, whereas inhibiting novel-m009C expression in the NAc enhanced these effects but did not change the preference of mice for a natural reward, i.e., sucrose. These effects may involve targeting of genes important for the synaptic transmission, such as Grin1 (NMDAR subunit 1). Our findings demonstrate an important role for NAc novel-m009C in regulating METH reward, reveal a novel molecular regulator of the actions of METH on brain reward circuitries and provide a new strategy for treating METH addiction based on the modulation of small non-coding RNAs.
Endosymbiont population genomics sheds light on transmission mode, partner specificity, and stability of the scaly-foot snail holobiont
Authors: Lan Yi , Sun Jin , Chen Chong , Wang Hao , Xiao Yao , Perez Maeva , Yang Yi , Kwan Yick Hang , Sun Yanan , Zhou Yadong , Han Xiqiu , Miyazaki Junichi , Watsuji Tomo-o , Bissessur Dass , Qiu Jian-Wen , Takai Ken , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean relies on its sulphur-oxidising gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts for nutrition and energy. In this study, we investigate the specificity, transmission mode, and stability of multiple scaly-foot snail populations dwelling in five vent fields with considerably disparate geological, physical and chemical environmental conditions. Results of population genomics analyses reveal an incongruent phylogeny between the endosymbiont and mitochondrial genomes of the scaly-foot snails in the five vent fields sampled, indicating that the hosts obtain endosymbionts via horizontal transmission in each generation. However, the genetic homogeneity of many symbiont populations implies that vertical transmission cannot be ruled out either. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of ovarian tissue yields symbiont signals around the oocytes, suggesting that vertical transmission co-occurs with horizontal transmission. Results of in situ environmental measurements and gene expression analyses from in situ fixed samples show that the snail host buffers the differences in environmental conditions to provide the endosymbionts with a stable intracellular micro-environment, where the symbionts serve key metabolic functions and benefit from the host’s cushion. The mixed transmission mode, symbiont specificity at the species level, and stable intracellular environment provided by the host support the evolutionary, ecological, and physiological success of scaly-foot snail holobionts in different vents with unique environmental parameters.
MEX3A promotes the malignant progression of ovarian cancer by regulating intron retention in TIMELESS
Authors: Li Fangfang , Zhao Chen , Diao Yuchao , Wang Zixiang , Peng Jiali , Yang Ning , Qiu Chunping , Kong Beihua , Li Yingwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe latest research shows that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) could serve as novel potential targets for cancer therapy. We used bioinformatics analysis to screen and identify the key RBPs in ovarian cancer, from which we found that Mex-3 RNA Binding Family Member A (MEX3A) was intimately associated with the clinical prognosis of ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, little is known about its biological roles in ovarian cancer. In this case, we observed that MEX3A was highly overexpressed in fresh-frozen ovarian cancer tissues. MEX3A knockdown suppressed the development and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, while MEX3A overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, TIMELESS was the critical downstream target gene of MEX3A, as demonstrated through alternative splicing event analysis based on RNA-seq. MEX3A knockdown resulted in retention of intron twenty-three of TIMELESS mRNA and decreased TIMELESS mRNA owing to stimulation of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). Additionally, we found that TIMELESS overexpression with MEX3A knockdown partially restored the proliferation ability of ovarian cancer cells. The results of this paper demonstrated that the MEX3A/TIMELESS signaling pathway was a key regulator of ovarian cancer, and MEX3A was a novel possible treatment target for ovarian cancer patients.
Itch and autophagy-mediated NF-κB activation contributes to inhibition of cathepsin D-induced sensitizing effect on anticancer drugs
Authors: Seo Seung Un , Woo Seon Min , Min Kyoung-jin , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInhibition of cathepsin D (Cat D) sensitizes cancer cells to anticancer drugs via RNF183-mediated downregulation of Bcl-xL expression. Although NF-κB activation is involved in the upregulation of RNF183 expression, the molecular mechanism of NF-κB activation by Cat D inhibition is unknown. We conducted this study to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying Cat D-mediated NF-κB activation. Interestingly, Cat D inhibition-induced IκB degradation in an autophagy-dependent manner. Knockdown of autophagy-related genes (ATG7 and Beclin1) and lysosome inhibitors (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) blocked IκB degradation via Cat D inhibition. Itch induced K63-linked ubiquitination of IκB and then modulated the protein stability of IκB by Cat D inhibition. Inhibition of Cat D-mediated Itch activation was modulated by the JNK signaling pathway, and phosphorylated Itch could bind to IκB, resulting in polyubiquitination of IκB. Additionally, inhibition of Cat D increased autophagy flux via activation of the LKB1-AMPK-ULK1 pathway. Therefore, our results suggested that Cat D inhibition activated NF-κB signaling via degradation of autophagy-dependent IκB, which is associated with the upregulation of RNF183, an E3 ligase of Bcl-xL. Cat D inhibition enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through Bcl-xL degradation via upregulation of RNF183.
A bipotential organoid model of respiratory epithelium recapitulates high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Chiu Man Chun , Li Cun , Liu Xiaojuan , Yu Yifei , Huang Jingjing , Wan Zhixin , Xiao Ding , Chu Hin , Cai Jian-Piao , Zhou Biao , Sit Ko-Yung , Au Wing-Kuk , Wong Kenneth Kak-Yuen , Li Gang , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chen Zhiwei , Jiang Shibo , Clevers Hans , Yuen Kwok Yung , Zhou Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe airways and alveoli of the human respiratory tract are lined by two distinct types of epithelium, which are the primary targets of respiratory viruses. We previously established long-term expanding human lung epithelial organoids from lung tissues and developed a ‘proximal’ differentiation protocol to generate mucociliary airway organoids. However, a respiratory organoid system with bipotential of the airway and alveolar differentiation remains elusive. Here we defined a ‘distal’ differentiation approach to generate alveolar organoids from the same source for the derivation of airway organoids. The alveolar organoids consisting of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT1 and AT2, respectively) functionally simulate the alveolar epithelium. AT2 cells maintained in lung organoids serve as progenitor cells from which alveolar organoids derive. Moreover, alveolar organoids sustain a productive SARS-CoV-2 infection, albeit a lower replicative fitness was observed compared to that in airway organoids. We further optimized 2-dimensional (2D) airway organoids. Upon differentiation under a slightly acidic pH, the 2D airway organoids exhibit enhanced viral replication, representing an optimal in vitro correlate of respiratory epithelium for modeling the high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, the higher infectivity and replicative fitness of the Omicron variant than an ancestral strain were accurately recapitulated in these optimized airway organoids. In conclusion, we have established a bipotential organoid culture system able to reproducibly expand the entire human respiratory epithelium in vitro for modeling respiratory diseases, including COVID-19.
Core and rod structures of a thermophilic cyanobacterial light-harvesting phycobilisome
Authors: Kawakami Keisuke , Hamaguchi Tasuku , Hirose Yuu , Kosumi Daisuke , Miyata Makoto , Kamiya Nobuo , Yonekura Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes utilize giant, light-harvesting phycobilisomes (PBSs) for capturing solar energy and conveying it to photosynthetic reaction centers. PBSs are compositionally and structurally diverse, and exceedingly complex, all of which pose a challenge for a comprehensive understanding of their function. To date, three detailed architectures of PBSs by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been described: a hemiellipsoidal type, a block-type from rhodophytes, and a cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal-type. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of a pentacylindrical allophycocyanin core and phycocyanin-containing rod of a thermophilic cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal PBS. The structures define the spatial arrangement of protein subunits and chromophores, crucial for deciphering the energy transfer mechanism. They reveal how the pentacylindrical core is formed, identify key interactions between linker proteins and the bilin chromophores, and indicate pathways for unidirectional energy transfer.
Asynchronous glutamate release is enhanced in low release efficacy synapses and dispersed across the active zone
Authors: Mendonça Philipe R. F. , Tagliatti Erica , Langley Helen , Kotzadimitriou Dimitrios , Zamora-Chimal Criseida G. , Timofeeva Yulia , Volynski Kirill E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe balance between fast synchronous and delayed asynchronous release of neurotransmitters has a major role in defining computational properties of neuronal synapses and regulation of neuronal network activity. However, how it is tuned at the single synapse level remains poorly understood. Here, using the fluorescent glutamate sensor SF-iGluSnFR, we image quantal vesicular release in tens to hundreds of individual synaptic outputs from single pyramidal cells with 4 millisecond temporal and 75 nm spatial resolution. We find that the ratio between synchronous and asynchronous synaptic vesicle exocytosis varies extensively among synapses supplied by the same axon, and that the synchronicity of release is reduced at low release probability synapses. We further demonstrate that asynchronous exocytosis sites are more widely distributed within the release area than synchronous sites. Together, our results reveal a universal relationship between the two major functional properties of synapses – the timing and the overall efficacy of neurotransmitter release.
The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle
Authors: Karabulut Ahmet , McClain Melainia , Rubinstein Boris , Sabin Keith Z. , McKinney Sean A. , Gibson Matthew C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe stinging organelles of jellyfish, sea anemones, and other cnidarians, known as nematocysts, are remarkable cellular weapons used for both predation and defense. Nematocysts consist of a pressurized capsule containing a coiled harpoon-like thread. These structures are in turn built within specialized cells known as nematocytes. When triggered, the capsule explosively discharges, ejecting the coiled thread which punctures the target and rapidly elongates by turning inside out in a process called eversion. Due to the structural complexity of the thread and the extreme speed of discharge, the precise mechanics of nematocyst firing have remained elusive7. Here, using a combination of live and super-resolution imaging, 3D electron microscopy, and genetic perturbations, we define the step-by-step sequence of nematocyst operation in the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. This analysis reveals the complex biomechanical transformations underpinning the operating mechanism of nematocysts, one of nature’s most exquisite biological micro-machines. Further, this study will provide insight into the form and function of related cnidarian organelles and serve as a template for the design of bioinspired microdevices.
Functional but not obligatory link between microsaccades and neural modulation by covert spatial attention
Authors: Liu Baiwei , Nobre Anna C. , van Ede Freek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCovert spatial attention is associated with spatial modulation of neural activity as well as with directional biases in fixational eye movements known as microsaccades. We studied how these two ‘fingerprints’ of attention are interrelated in humans. We investigated spatial modulation of 8-12 Hz EEG alpha activity and microsaccades when attention is directed internally within the spatial layout of visual working memory. Consistent with a common origin, spatial modulations of alpha activity and microsaccades co-vary: alpha lateralisation is stronger in trials with microsaccades toward versus away from the memorised location of the to-be-attended item and occurs earlier in trials with earlier microsaccades toward this item. Critically, however, trials without attention-driven microsaccades nevertheless show clear spatial modulation of alpha activity – comparable to trials with attention-driven microsaccades. Thus, directional biases in microsaccades correlate with neural signatures of spatial attention, but they are not necessary for neural modulation by spatial attention to be manifest.