bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A whole‐joint histopathologic grading system for murine knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Grote Caleb W. , Mackay Matthew J. , Lu Qinghua , Liu Xiangliang , Meyer Anders R. , Wang Jinxi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to develop a comprehensive and easily executable histopathologic grading scheme for murine knee osteoarthritis (OA) using specific scoring criteria for both cartilage and periarticular changes, which may overcome important limitations of the existing grading systems. The new grading scheme was developed based on mouse knee OA models with observation periods up to 24 months of age (spontaneous OA) or 24‐week post‐injury (posttraumatic OA). Semi‐quantitative assessments of the histopathologic OA changes were applied to all four quadrants per femorotibial joint for 50 joints (200 quadrants) using specific scoring criteria rather than mild to severe grades. Scoring elements per quadrant were as follows: cartilage lesion (0–7), osteophyte (0–3), subchondral bone change (0–3), synovitis (0–3), and ectopic periarticular soft‐tissue chondrogenesis and ossification (0–3). The new histopathologic grading scheme had high intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility (correlation coefficients r > 0.95) across experienced and novice observers. Sensitivity and reliability analyses confirmed the ability of the new scheme to detect minimal but significant OA progression (p < 0.01) within a 2‐week interval and to accurately identify tissue‐ and quadrant‐specific OA severity within the joints. In conclusion, this study presents the first whole‐joint histopathologic grading scheme for murine knee OA that covers all‐stage osteoarthritic changes in all major joint tissues, including periarticular soft‐tissue ossification that is not included in any of the existing OA grading systems. This reproducible scheme is easy to execute and sensitive to minimal OA progression without using computer software, suitable for quick OA severity assessments of the entire femorotibial joint.
The analysis of defects in custom 3D‐printed acetabular cups: A comparative study of commercially available implants from six manufacturers
Authors: Hothi Harry , Henckel Johann , Bergiers Sean , Di Laura Anna , Schlueter‐Brust Klaus , Hart Alister 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing is used to manufacture custom acetabular cups to treat patients with massive acetabular defects. There is a risk of defects occurring in these, often in the form of structural voids. Our aim was to investigate the presence of voids in commercially available cups. We examined 12, final‐production titanium custom acetabular cups, that had been 3D‐printed by six manufacturers. We measured their mass, then performed micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging to determine their volume and density. The micro‐CT data were examined for the presence of voids. In cups that had voids, we computed (1) the number of voids, (2) their volume and the cup volume fraction, (3) their sphericity, (4) size, and (5) their location. The cups had median mass, volume, and density of 208.5 g, 46,471 mm3, and 4.42 g/cm3, respectively. Five cups were found to contain a median (range) of 90 (58–101) structural voids. The median void volume and cup volume fractions of cups with voids were 5.17 (1.05–17.33) mm3 and 99.983 (99.972–99.998)%, respectively. The median void sphericity and size were 0.47 (0.19–0.65) and 0.64 (0.27–8.82) mm, respectively. Voids were predominantly located adjacent to screw holes, within flanges, and at the transition between design features; these were between 0.17 and 4.66 mm from the cup surfaces. This is the first study to examine defects within final‐production 3D‐printed custom cups, providing data for regulators, surgeons, and manufacturers about the variability in final print quality. The size, shape, and location of these voids are such that there may be an increased risk of crack initiation from them.
Increasing the posterior tibial slope lowers in situ forces in the native ACL primarily at deep flexion angles
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Chan Calvin K. , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Polamalu Sene K. , Wagala Nyaluma N. , Hughes Jonathan D. , Debski Richard E. , Musahl Volker 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh tibial osteotomy is becoming increasingly popular but can be associated with unintentional posterior tibial slope (PTS) increase and subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) degeneration. This study quantified the effect of increasing PTS on knee kinematics and in situ forces in the native ACL. A robotic testing system was used to apply external loads from full extension to 90° flexion to seven human cadaveric knees: (1) 200 N axial compressive load, (2) 5 Nm internal tibial + 10 Nm valgus torque, and (3) 5 Nm external tibial + 10 Nm varus torque. Kinematics and in situ forces in the ACL were acquired for the native and increased PTS state. Increasing PTS resulted in increased anterior tibial translation at 30° (1.8 mm), 60° (1.7 mm), and 90° (0.9 mm) flexion and reduced in situ force in the ACL at 30° (57.6%), 60° (69.8%), and 90° (75.0%) flexion in response to 200 N axial compressive load. In response to 5 Nm internal tibial + 10 Nm valgus torque, there was significantly less (39.0%) in situ force in the ACL at 90° flexion in the increased compared with the native PTS state. Significantly less in situ force in the ACL at 60° (62.8%) and 90° (67.0%) flexion was observed in the increased compared with the native PTS state in response to 5 Nm external tibial + 10 Nm varus torque. Increasing PTS affects knee kinematics and results in a reduction of in situ forces in the native ACL during compressive and rotatory loads at flexion angles exceeding 30°. In a controlled laboratory setting PTS increase unloads the ACL, affecting its natural function.
ccaR: A package for assessing primary study overlap across systematic reviews in overviews
Authors: Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Diakonidis Theodoros , Mavromanoli Anna C. , Haidich Anna‐Bettina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn overview of reviews aims to collect, assess, and synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) on a specific topic using rigorous and reproducible methods. An important methodological challenge in conducting an overview of reviews is the management of overlapping data due to the inclusion of the same primary studies in SRs. We present a free, open‐source R package called ccaR (https://github.com/thdiakon/ccaR) that provides easy‐to‐use functions for assessing the degree of overlap of primary studies in an overview of reviews with the use of the corrected cover area (CCA) index. A worked example with and without consideration of chronological structural missingness is outlined, illustrating the steps involved in, calculating the CCA index and creating a publication‐ready heatmap. We expect ccaR to be useful for overview authors, methodologists, and reviewers who are familiar with the basics of R and contribute to the discussion on different methodological approaches for implementing the CCA index. Future research and applications could further investigate the functionality or potential limitations of our package and other potential uses.
Effects of potential allelochemicals in a water extract of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. on germination and growth of Glycine max L., Triticum aestivum L., and Zea mays L
Authors: Shi Sen , Cheng Jiabo , Ahmad Naveed , Zhao Wenyan , Tian Mengfei , Yuan Zhanyu , Li Chunying , Zhao Chunjian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVelvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), primarily a cropland weed, exerts adverse impacts on the productivity of various crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.), by hindering their vegetative growth. However, the interference mechanism of velvetleaf on the three crops remains unclear.RESULTSThe inhibitory effect of velvetleaf water extract on the germination and growth of soybean, wheat, and maize was determined in pot experiments and field trials. Four phenolic acids were identified as allelochemicals: protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), and vanillic acid (VA). These allelochemicals were detected in different parts (leaves, roots, and stems) of velvetleaf, and in the rhizosphere soil of tested crops over the range of 1.19–556.23 μm kg−1. These allelochemicals were administered in approximate concentrations as in velvetleaf roots and rhizosphere soil, and their effects varied with crop species and velvetleaf parts. The allelochemicals generally had low‐dose stimulation and high‐dose inhibition effects on the growth of soybean, wheat, and maize. Furthermore, the biomass distribution of these crops was affected by allelochemicals in the soil. In field trials, the allelochemicals significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of all tested crops over the whole growth period, and PA showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect on the yield of soybean, wheat, and maize.CONCLUSIONGA, PA, CHA, and VA in velvetleaf aqueous extracts were identified as allelochemicals that play an inhibitory role on three crops. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of two‐stage heating treatment on physicochemical properties of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) meat
Authors: Yang Changjie , Zhou Xinyi , Huang Tao , Song Xiaotong , Jia Ru , Wei Huamao , Yang Wenge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDChanges in the physicochemical properties of shrimp meat treated with two‐stage heating were investigated. Currently, shrimp products in the processing process are susceptible to uneven dehydration, shrimp meat shrinkage, which results in rough and hard texture, poor chewiness, and seriously affects the edible quality as well as economic benefits. Improving the utilization value of shrimp resources, expanding its market shares, optimizing the tenderness of shrimp is the key to developing new types of fresh and ready‐to‐eat shrimp products.RESULTSThe results indicated that preheating at 30 °C could not affect the quality of shrimp meat significantly (P > 0.05). As the preheating temperature increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, the hardness and shear force of shrimp meat decreased due to the exposure of protein hydrophobic groups, protein aggregation and degradation, muscle fraction broken, and weight loss increase. Further increase in preheating temperature would lead to further aggregation and gelation of proteins, causing hardness and shear force increase. Besides, the results of microstructure showed that preheating at 40 °C and 50 °C could cause the shrimp muscles to become loose.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the preheating temperature ranging from 40 °C to 50 °C could effectively improve the tenderness of shrimp meat. This study might be useful for developing tenderized shrimp products in the future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of biochar‐based urea substituting urea on rice yield, bacterial community and nitrogen cycling in paddy fields
Authors: Zhang Yang , Du Haimeng , Chen Yinglong , Wei Huanhe , Dai Qigen , Liu Jiumei , Li Zhijiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an increasing understanding of the importance of biochar‐based fertilizers in agroecosystems. However, no research has evaluated the effects of partial substitution of urea with biochar‐based urea on rice yields and soil microbial communities. We therefore investigated the rice yields, bacterial communities, and gene abundance involved in nitrogen in silty clay and sandy loam soil paddy fields treated with urea (U), total substitution of urea with biochar‐based urea (BSU), partial substitution of urea with biochar‐based urea in basal and tillering fertilizers (BSU1), and partial substitution of urea with biochar‐based urea in panicle fertilizers (BSU2).RESULTSCompared with U, applying biochar‐based urea increased rice yields, with BSU2 having the most notable effect. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that bacterial communities treated with BSU2 in both soils were significantly different from those treated with U and BSU, most probably due to the decrease in pH caused by the decrease in the concentration of ammonium. The relative abundance of Subdivision3_genera_incertae_sedis, Azotobacter, Geobacter, Buchnera, and Terrimonas in silty clay soils and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis and Geobacter in sandy loam soils significantly increased when treated with BSU2 and was positively correlated with rice yields, indicating that the improvements in rice yield were associated with changes in bacterial communities. Based upon amoA/narG related to nitrate accumulation and norB/nosZ related to nitrous oxide emissions, BSU2 enabled a lower risk of nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in both soils, in comparison with the U and BSU treatments.CONCLUSIONThe BSU2 treatment had a stronger yield‐increasing effect than biochar‐based urea alone and lowered the risk of nitrogen pollution, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of paddy fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abnormal TSH Prior to Surgery in Children with Graves' Disease Predicts Abnormal TSH Following Thyroidectomy
Authors: Hazkani Inbal , Stein Eli , Edwards Evan , Maddalozzo John , Johnston Douglas , Samis Jill , Josefson Jami , Rastatter Jeffrey 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo identify variables that are associated with poor compliance to thyroid hormone replacement therapy in children after total thyroidectomy.MethodA retrospective cohort study of children who underwent total thyroidectomy by high‐volume pediatric otolaryngologists between 1/2014 and 9/2021. Postoperative poor compliance was characterized by at least three separate measurements of high TSH levels not associated with radioactive iodine treatment.ResultsThere were 100 patients, ages 3–20 years old who met inclusion criteria; 44 patients underwent thyroidectomy for cancer diagnosis, and 56 for Graves' disease. The mean follow‐up time was 36.5 months (range 3.0–95.6 months). Overall, 42 patients (42%) were found to have at least three measurements of high TSH during follow‐up, and 29 patients (29%) were diagnosed with clinical hypothyroidism. Sex, race, income, insurance type, and benign versus malignant etiology for thyroidectomy were not associated with adherence to therapy. Multivariate regression analysis identified patients with Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism at the time of surgery and Hispanic ethnicity to be associated with postoperative clinical hypothyroidism (OR 9.38, 95% CI 2.16–49.2, p = 0.004 and OR 6.15, 95% CI 1.21–36.0, p = 0.033, respectively).ConclusionsPreoperative hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease and Hispanic ethnicity were predictors of postoperative TSH abnormalities. Preoperative counseling for patients and their families on the implications of total thyroidectomy and the need for life‐long medications postoperatively is necessary. Efforts should be made to evaluate and improve adherence to therapy pre‐and postoperatively in patients with Graves' disease.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2402–2406, 2023
How degraded are the peatland and forest ecosystems in the Bieszczady Mountains (Central Europe)? An assessment using long‐term records
Authors: Gałka Mariusz , Loisel Julie , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Diaconu Andrei‐Cosmin , Obremska Milena , Teickner Henning , Feurdean Angelica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeatland and forest ecosystems located in the Bieszczady Mts. (Carpathians, Central Europe) have been affected by human activity since the Neolithic, with this impact intensifying over time. We conducted long‐term studies to: (i) determine past peatland and forest development and current ecological state; (ii) assess the role of different factors that influenced ecosystem development over the last 3750 years; and (iii) determine natural reference conditions as a basis for the restoration of degraded mountain bogs and forests in the region. High‐resolution multi‐proxy palaeoecological analyses (plant macrofossils, pollen, testate amoebae, macro and microcharcoal, peat stoichiometry and stable isotopes), supported by radiocarbon dating, were performed on peat cores from an ombrotrophic peatland. Our study revealed that the peatland and forest ecosystems have been impacted by both climate change and human activity (fires, deforestation, and grazing) over the past 3750 years and that massive deforestation took place 400 years ago. Changes in forest composition led to the intensification in erosion between 3700–1500 cal. BP and over the past 350 years. Drainage resulted in hydrological disturbances but did neither stop the peat formation process nor decreased the abundance of species forming the natural peat plant communities indicative of oligotrophic conditions. However, hydrological disturbances shifted peat plant composition to dry‐adapted species (e.g. dwarf shrubs, Pinus sylvestris). Average water level depth fluctuated between ca. 10 and 25 cm over the last 3750 years; thus these are conditions that could be considered as hydrological reference for restoration measures. Our approach to identify natural reference conditions may be expanded to peatlands from other temperate mountain ranges.
Acquiring high‐quality and sufficient propagules/fragments for cyanobacteria crust inoculation and restoration of degraded soils in a sandy desert
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhao Yanqiao , Xu Wenwen , Wang Nan , Zhang Zhishan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSowing naturally developing biocrust fragments is a fast and effective approach to cultivate biocrusts for the restoration of soil function. However, producing large amounts of biocrust fragments/propagules is difficult for ecological restoration, especially at large scales. In this study, we use fresh cyanobacteria to cultivate fragments and then broadcast these to culture artificial biocrusts under field conditions. Our results show that the cultivated biocrust coverage, thickness, chlorophyll a and total carbohydrate concentrations continuously increase after broadcasting. The cyanobacterial communities in incubated biocrusts were dominated by Phormidium, Chroococcidiopsaceae, Crinalium and Tychonema. Our study shows that fragments can allow for successful incubation of artificial biocrusts in short periods. We suggest a two‐step nursery and sowing procedure (i.e., first acquire fragments and then broadcast them) to incubate artificial biocrusts at large scale.
Analysis of predatory emails in early career academia and attempts at prevention
Authors: Tomlinson Owen W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredatory publishers—those who do not adhere to rigorous standards of academic practice such as peer review—are increasingly infiltrating biomedical databases, to the detriment of the wider scientific community. These publishers frequently send unsolicited ‘spam’ emails to generate submission to their journals, with early career researchers (ECR) particularly susceptible to these practices because of pressures such as securing employment and promotion. This analysis sought to record and characterize the emails received over the course of a PhD and post‐doctoral position (~8 years), as well as attempts to unsubscribe from such emails, using a progressive and step‐wise manner. A total of 1,280 emails identified as academic spam were received (990 journal invitations, 220 conference invitations, 70 ‘other’). The first email was received 3 months after registration for an international conference. Attempts at unsubscribing were somewhat effective, whereby implications of reporting to respective authorities resulted in a 43% decrease in emails, although did not eliminate them completely, and therefore alternative approaches to eliminating academic spam may be needed. Ongoing education about predatory publishers, as well as action by key academic stakeholders, should look to reduce the impact these predatory publishers have upon the wider literature base.
Pediatric parotidectomy outcomes: A 14‐year multicenter study
Authors: Tangjaturonrasme Napadon , Samuckkeethum Wisarut , Klibngern Hanpon , Ratanaprasert Narin , Naruekon Jakkree , Jantharapattana Kitti 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesParotidectomy increases childhood challenges. This study aimed to determine the clinical profiles, investigations, and outcomes of pediatric patients who had undergone parotidectomy.MethodsA multicenter retrospective review of parotidectomy in pediatric patients between 2007 and 2020.ResultsIn 108 parotidectomies, the final diagnoses were benign (47.22%), malignant (36.11%), and non‐neoplastic (16.67%). The incidence of facial palsy was 37.03%, which was significantly lower in the superficial group than that in the total parotidectomy group (p = .021). The incidence of facial nerve palsy was significantly higher in the malignancy group than that in the benign group (p = .035). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected malignancy with 92.8% overall accuracy, 83.3% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) were 54.2% and 92.7%, respectively.ConclusionsParotidectomy is commonly performed for benign and non‐neoplastic diseases in pediatric patients. Facial nerve palsy is significantly associated with malignant tumors and total parotidectomy. MRI is the most accurate imaging modality for diagnosing malignant lesions. FNA exhibits moderate agreement with the final pathology.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Factors affecting the incidence of chorda tympani nerve transection in middle ear surgery
Authors: Takihata Saki , Kurioka Takaomi , Mizutari Kunio , Shiotani Akihiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo reveal the factors affecting the incidence of chorda tympani nerve (CTN) transection during middle ear surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary referral center.PatientsWe analyzed 232 ears (117 ears with cholesteatoma, 101 ears with chronic otitis media, and 14 ears with otosclerosis) that underwent tympanoplasty or stapes surgery during 2017–2020.InterventionEighty‐four ears underwent transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES), 103 ears underwent microscopic ear surgery (MES), and 45 ears underwent surgery using both endoscopy and microscopy (Dual).Main Outcome MeasureTo confirm CTN transection, intraoperative endoscopic/microscopic video images were evaluated. We used the same video images to determine the anatomical variation of the CTN course in the middle ear.ResultsIn 18 ears (7.8%: 6/84 TEES ears [7.1%], 6/103 MES ears [5.8%], and 6/45 Dual ears [13.3%]), the CTN was cut during middle ear surgery. There was no significant difference in CTN transection among groups. In cholesteatoma patients, stapes involvement resulted in a significantly higher CTN transection incidence. CTN anatomical variants such as the “Attached Short type” and “Ultrashort type” showed a significantly higher CTN transection incidence.ConclusionAlthough endoscopic surgery did not reduce the incidence of CTN transection during middle ear surgery, pathological involvement of the stapes and CTN anatomical variants, such as the “Attached Short type” and “Ultrashort type,” may increase this incidence. Preoperative evaluation of stapes involvement and anatomical location of the CTN course could help identify patients at greater risk for iatrogenic CTN transection.Level of Evidence4.