bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable room temperature magnetic skyrmions in centrosymmetric kagome magnet Mn4Ga2Sn
Authors: Chakrabartty Dola , Jamaluddin Sk , Manna Subhendu K. , Nayak Ajaya K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe successful realization of skyrmion-based spintronic devices depends on the easy manipulation of underlying magnetic interactions in the skyrmion-hosting materials. Although the mechanism of skyrmion formation in non-centrosymmetric magnets is comprehensively established, the stabilization process of different skyrmion-like magnetic textures in centrosymmetric magnets needs further investigation. Here, we utilize Lorentz transmission electron microscopy study to report the finding of a tunable skyrmion lattice up to room temperature in a centrosymmetric kagome ferromagnet Mn4Ga2Sn. We demonstrate that a controlled switching between the topological skyrmions and non-topological type-II magnetic bubbles can be realized at the optimal magnetic anisotropy. We find that the topological skyrmions are the energetically most stable magnetic objects in the centrosymmetric hexagonal magnets, whereas application of in-plane magnetic field stabilizes type-II magnetic bubbles as an excited state. The present study is a significant step towards understanding of the skyrmion stabilization mechanism in centrosymmetric materials for their future applications.
Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse
Authors: King Leslie A 
Published: July 2022

Updating and expanding the coverage of the first Edition, this book provides a chemical background to domestic and international controls on substances of misuse. In the United Kingdom, structure-specific (generic) controls have been further developed in the past 13 years and now cover 17 groups of compounds. The focus of those controls has been on new psychoactive substances (NPS). Since 1997, over 800 NPS have been reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction. International generic and analogue controls are described together with a critical review of their effectiveness. Other, established, drugs are described as well as a large group of psychoactive substances that are not scheduled by the International Conventions
This book has general appeal to those needing information on illicit drugs including forensic scientists, lawyers, law enforcement agencies, drug regulatory authorities as well as graduate and postgraduate students of chemistry and the criminal law. The chapters are supported by chemical structures, numerous tables and charts, appendices, a glossary and a bibliography. This unique book is a valuable addition to the literature in this area and will be of great assistance to those studying this topic.
A 275‐GHz push–push voltage‐controlled oscillator with −3.2 dBm output power using capacitance splitting feedback technique in 40‐nm CMOS
Authors: Nath Surajit Kumar , Yoon Daekeun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this letter, we present a 275‐GHz push–push voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) employing the capacitance splitting feedback (CSF) technique. The proposed CSF technique improves the oscillation frequency as well as the oscillator's harmonic output power and DC‐RF efficiency. The proposed VCO is fabricated in 40‐nm CMOS technology. From the measurement, a high output power of −3.2 dBm is achieved at 273.6 GHz with a frequency tuning range of 2.47% and a DC‐RF efficiency of 1.26%.
Extended population associated with W40
Authors: Comerón F. , Djupvik A. A. , Schneider N. 
Published: July 2022

Context. W40 is a heavily obscured bipolar HII region projected in the direction of the Aquila Rift and ionized by hot stars in a central, partly embedded cluster. The study of the cluster and its surroundings has been greatly hampered thus far by the strong extinction in the region.
Aims. Our aim is to improve the characterization of the W40 central cluster in terms of the census of its members and their spectral classification. We also search for other members of the region outside the central cluster, with a particular interest in previously unidentified massive members that may contribute to the energy budget powering the expansion of the HII region.
Methods. We used the Gaia eDR3 catalog to establish astrometric membership criteria based on the population of the W40 central cluster, reassess the distance of the region, and use this information to identify new members, both inside and outside the cluster. We obtained visible spectroscopy in the red spectral region to classify both known and new members, complemented with Gaia and Spitzer photometry to assess the evolutionary status of the stellar population.
Results. Based on stars with high quality Gaia astrometry, we derive a high-confidence geometric distance to the W40 region of 502 pc ± 4 pc and we confirm the presence of a comoving extended population of stars at the same distance, spreading over the whole projected area of the HII region and beyond. Spectral classifications are presented for 21 members of the W40 region, 10 of them belonging to the central cluster. One of the newly identified B stars in the extended population is clearly interacting with the shell surrounding the HII region, giving rise to a small arc-shaped nebula that traces a bow shock. The infrared excess properties suggest that the extended population is significantly older (∼3 Myr) than the W40 central cluster (< 1 Myr).
Conclusions. The area currently occupied by the W40 HII region and its surroundings has a history of star formation extending at least several million years in the past. The formation of the W40 central cluster and the subsequent HII region is one of the latest episodes of these processes. The newly determined distance suggests that W40 is behind, as well as physically detached from, a pervasive large dust layer, which is some 60 pc foreground with respect to it, as determined by previous studies.
A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Albizia zygia Induced Apoptosis by Reduction of Mitochondrial Potential Status in Malignant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Simo Line Made , Messi Lin Marcellin , Mbing Joséphine Ngo , Muller Christian D. , Boyom Fabrice Fekam , Begoudé Aime-Didier Boyogueno , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Haddad Mohamed , Noté Olivier Placide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn our ongoing research program on the proapoptotic function of saponins, two previously undescribed saponins, named zygiaosides E (1) and F (2), were isolated from the leaves
of Albizia zygia. Their structures were established based on extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, HR-ESI-MS analysis, and by chemical degradation. The proapoptotic effect of
zygiaoside E (1) was evaluated on human malignant melanoma (A375), human epidermoid cancer (A431), and normal Homo sapiens skin tissue (TE 353.SK.) cell lines by cytometric analysis.
Zygiaoside E (1) induced apoptosis of the two human cancer cell lines (A375 and A431) in a dose-dependent manner at 1 µM but did not induce apoptosis in noncancerous skin cells (TE
353.Sk), even when treated with concentrations up to 15 µM. The underlying mechanism of the apoptosis induction activity of zygiaoside E (1) on the mitochondrial membrane potential
status in A375 cells was further assessed by monitoring the uptake rate of DiOC6, a mitochondrial specific and voltage-dependent fluorescent dye. The number of malignant melanoma cells
emitting high fluorescence levels was decreased when cells were treated with 3 or 5 µM of zygiaoside E (1) during either 12 or 24 h, thereby revealing a drop of mitochondrial membrane
potential in A375 cells upon treatment, which indicated mitochondrial perturbation.
Multimodale Therapie bei lokal fortgeschrittenem kutanem Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Garzarolli Marlene , Bota Olimpiu , Meinhardt Matthias , Juratli Tareq , Meier Friedegund 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Therapieoptionen für lokal fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Plattenepithelkarzinome waren bisher stark begrenzt und nicht standardisiert. Durch die Zulassung des monoklonalen Antikörpers Cemiplimab, der gegen den programmed death-1-Rezeptor (PD-1) gerichtet ist, hat sich die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten deutlich gebessert, wobei z.T. anhaltende Komplettremissionen erzielt werden können.In der vorgestellten Kasuistik wurde ein multimorbider, 81-jähriger Patient aufgrund eines ausgedehnten Plattenepithelkarzinoms frontoparietal mit Schädelkalotteninfiltration und Einbruch nach intrakraniell zunächst mit Cemiplimab behandelt. Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen sind nicht aufgetreten. Bei klinischer und radiologischer Remission wurde der Restbefund interdisziplinär operativ versorgt, wobei die defekte Schädelkalotte rekonstruiert wurde. Histologisch wurde eine pathologische Komplettremission des Plattenepithelkarzinoms nachgewiesen. 6 Monate postoperativ ergab sich kein Anhalt für ein Lokalrezidiv oder Metastasen.Dieser Fall zeigt exemplarisch einen Patienten, der trotz seines hohen Alters und Ko-Morbidität von der Therapie mit Cemiplimab profitiert hat. Darüber hinaus demonstriert dieser Fall die Relevanz eines interdisziplinären/multimodalen Therapieregimes im Management dieser in der Inzidenz deutlich ansteigenden Tumorentität.
Curcumin Upregulates miR-148a to Increase the Chemosensitivity of
CD44-Positive Prostate Cancer Stem Cells to Paclitaxel Through Targeting the
MSK1/IRS1 axis
Authors: Vatankhah Mohammad Amin , Panahizadeh Reza , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Arabzadeh Mahsa , Arabzadeh Amir Ahmad , Najafzadeh Nowruz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background In men, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cause of
cancer-related death. However, paclitaxel resistance is a major challenge in
advanced PC. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, has been demonstrated to have
cytotoxic effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). The goal of this study is to
explore if curcumin can help lower chemoresistance to paclitaxel through the
regulation of miR-148a-mediated apoptosis in prostate CSCs.
Methods The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPi) labeling were used
to determine cell survival. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the
expression of P-glycoprotein protein (P-gp) and CD44 proteins. Finally,
real-time PCR was used to evaluate the regulatory effects of curcumin and
paclitaxel on miR-148a and its target genes.
Results Curcumin and paclitaxel co-treatment significantly reduced the
IC50 value in CD44+cells compared to
paclitaxel alone. Additionally, combining these drugs considerably increased
apoptosis in CD44+cells. We also discovered that when
curcumin and paclitaxel were combined, the expression of CD44 and P-gp was
significantly reduced compared to paclitaxel alone. Curcumin and paclitaxel
co-treatment also increased miR-148a levels and regulated the levels of its
target genes MSK1 and IRS1.
Conclusion Curcumin may restore paclitaxel sensitivity by raising miR-148a
expression and inhibiting its target genes.
Diagnose Krebs: Wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken
Authors: Apondo Sandra , Bein Thomas , Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungVordergründig betrachtet sind wir Ärzte gesunde Helfer, die Patienten kranke Hilfsbedürftige. Wir tragen den weißen Kittel, sie das Flügelhemd. Einige von uns sind selbst Patienten und wir alle haben schon kranke Ärzte behandelt. Was passiert, wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken? Wir drei krebskranke Ärzte berichten über unseren Perspektivwechsel. Unsere Erfahrungen ermöglichen uns, vom Ende her zu denken, und prägen nachhaltig unseren Blick auf die moderne Medizin.
Behandlung in zertifizierten Lungenzentren (DKG) – Entscheidungsfaktoren von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs
Authors: Schirrmacher Raja , Rieger Benjamin , Justenhoven Christina 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Lungenkrebs ist weltweit eine der häufigsten
Todesursache. Die Einführung von Zertifizierungsprogrammen soll u.a. die krebsspezifische
Mortalität senken.
Fragestellung In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Faktoren Patienten beeinflussen, um für die Behandlung eine DKG-zertifizierte Einrichtung zu wählen.
Methoden Anhand der Daten des Krebsregisters Rheinland-Pfalz wurden Charakteristika von Patienten verglichen, die in DKG-zertifizierten bzw. nicht zertifizierten Einrichtungen behandelt wurden. Der Datensatz umfasste dabei Patienten mit Diagnosestellung zwischen 2016 und 2020 (n=8.687).
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass knapp 24% der Patienten mit Lungenkrebs in DKG-zertifizierten Krebszentren behandelt wurden. Die Wohnregion sowie das T-Status scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung zur Behandlung in einem DKG-zertifizierten Zentrum zu haben.
Schlussfolgerung Der Zertifizierungsprozess ist komplex. Aus diesem Grund ist es von besonderem Interesse zu verstehen, welche Faktoren die Entscheidung von Patienten zur Behandlung in einer bestimmten Einrichtung beeinflussen.
Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: Where are we heading?
Authors: Koleth Glenn , Emmanue James , Spadaccini Marco , Mascagni Pietro , Khalaf Kareem , Mori Yuichi , Antonelli Giulio , Maselli Roberta , Carrara Silvia , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Pellegatta Gaia , Fugazza Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Selvaggio Carmelo , Bretthauer Michael , Aghemo Alessio , Spinelli Antonino , Savevski Victor , Sharma Prateek , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to impact several fields within gastroenterology. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, AI-based tools have translated into clinical practice faster than expected. We aimed to evaluate the status of research for AI in gastroenterology while predicting its future applications.
Methods All studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov up to November 2021 were analyzed. The studies included used AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hepatology, and pancreatobiliary diseases. Data regarding the study field, methodology, endpoints, and publication status were retrieved, pooled, and analyzed to observe underlying temporal and geographical trends.
Results Of the 103 study entries retrieved according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 76 (74 %) were based on AI application to gastrointestinal endoscopy, mainly for detection and characterization of colorectal neoplasia (52/103, 50 %). Image analysis was also more frequently reported than data analysis for pancreaticobiliary (six of 10 [60 %]), liver diseases (eight of nine [89 %]), and IBD (six of eight [75 %]). Overall, 48 of 103 study entries (47 %) were interventional and 55 (53 %) observational. In 2018, one of eight studies (12.5 %) were interventional, while in 2021, 21 of 34 (61.8 %) were interventional, with an inverse ratio between observational and interventional studies during the study period. The majority of the studies were planned as single-center (74 of 103 [72 %]) and more were in Asia (45 of 103 [44 %]) and Europe (44 of 103 [43 %]).
Conclusions AI implementation in gastroenterology is dominated by computer-aided detection and characterization of colorectal neoplasia. The timeframe for translational research is characterized by a swift conversion of observational into interventional studies.
Swearing in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties
Authors: Zhao Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Swearing is a verbal act in which the main language structure is composed of multiple swear words. The reasons for
studying swearing include the need to know what lexical items might be used for swearing. For this reason, it is critical to
determine the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs which underlie curse words. This paper constructs a thesaurus of the
swearing vocabulary used in the late-Yuan and early-Ming dynasty novel, Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传). It analyzes the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs
surrounding swearing during those dynasties by means of exhaustive measurement, offering a better understanding of those
pragmatics and beliefs and showing how Chinese people swore or used abusive language at that time. This paper indicates that those
Yuan and Ming pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs also underlie the ways in which modern Chinese people swear.
Exploiting CMC@Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a multi-functional component for hydrogel fabrication
Authors: Wu Huiqiong , Lei Yulai , Wang Jingxing , Tan Yun , Song Xianwen , Zheng Jun , He Ting , Zhou Xuelong , Liu Chuntai , Kjøniksen Anna-Lena , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely applied in the fields of biology, medicine, soft materials and flexible/wearable devices owing to their superior biocompatibility and their versatile physicochemical properties. Although multiple chemical and physical methods have been proposed to functionalize hydrogels, endowing hydrogels with multi-properties/functionalities utilizing few components is still a challenge. This paper describes a simple and effective method to functionalize polymeric hydrogels with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CMC@Fe3O4 NPs). The as-prepared metallogels exhibit good self-healing ability, ionic conductivity, photo-thermal transformability and magnetic field responsiveness. A triple functional sensor was built up to prove the universal viability of this metallogel toward functional devices.
Magnetic nanoparticles embedded in microlasers for controlled transport in different sensing media
Authors: Mai Hanh Hong , Hoang Van Huy , Luu Manh Quynh , Nguyen Trong Tam , Nguyen Hoang Nam , Tien Do Xuan , Khoi Giang Manh , Nguyen Toan T , Choi Youngwoon , Choi Wonshik , Ta Van Duong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, whispering gallery mode microlasers have attracted tremendous interest in sensing due to their ultra-high sensitivity at atomic levels. However, due to the non-magnetic properties, it is difficult to locate the microlasers at hard-to-reach positions, thus, limiting their sensing potential in many in-vitro and in-vivo applications. In this work, we report magnetic microlasers fabricated by encapsulating Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within their cavity made of bovine serum albumin. The presence of MNPs allows the transportable actuation of the magnetic microlasers while maintaining lasing emission characteristics. Microlasers with various concentrations of MNPs are investigated to identify the optimum concentration that can balance a good magnetization, a low lasing threshold, and a high quality (Q) factor. These magnetic microlasers can be employed for sensing applications where sensors need to be navigated through different sensing media. As a proof of concept, we observed a clear shift of lasing wavelength of a magnetic microlaser while dragging it through different adjacent media by magnetic navigation. This result demonstrates the potential applications of magnetic microlasers for future biological and chemical applications.
Polyphase codes for multiplexed acoustic signalling and sensing on pipes
Authors: Syms Richard R A , Noorwali Aiman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Transmission of acoustic signals between distributed sensor nodes may be useful for status monitoring of elongated structures such as pipelines. In principle, coded signals can be used in an asynchronous multiplexed system, provided the signals are distinguishable. However, multimode effects complicate signal propagation, so any such codes should be short. A search for polyphase code families with properties suitable for acoustic code division multiple access is presented. Algorithms for reduction of search space to allow use of a laptop for code discovery are described. Short codes of base 6 are shown to outperform codes of bases 2, 3, 4 and sets suitable for systems with 2 and 3 users are identified. The codes have similar properties to Barker codes but larger sidelobes. Their use is demonstrated by simulation and experiment at kHz frequencies using an air-filled copper pipe, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a microphone designed to excite and detect the

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mode. Low loss propagation over 25 m is achieved with a 20 kHz carrier. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is demonstrated, with performance limited by transducer bandwidth.
Towards a real-time tracking of an expanding alien bee species in Southeast Europe through citizen science and floral host monitoring
Authors: Bila Dubaić J , Lanner J , Rohrbach C , Meimberg H , Wyatt F , Čačija M , Galešić M , Ješovnik A , Samurović K , Plećaš M , Raičević J , Ćetković A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Citizen science, a practice of public participation in scientific projects, is popular in Western countries, however, it is still a relatively novel approach in Southeast Europe. In this region, citizen science can be a useful tool for increasing the understanding of alien species. One such species is the sculptured resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis, a putatively invasive alien pollinator native to East Asia. It was introduced to France in 2008, from where it quickly spread across West and Central Europe. However, our knowledge of its eastern distribution is scarce since it is based mostly on isolated findings. We combined citizen science and data extraction from online sources (e.g., naturalist’s databases and social media) covering 6 years, and 3 years of targeted floral resource monitoring in the search for M. sculpturalis across regions of southeastern Europe. We collected presence data and information on M. sculpturalis abundances across an urban-rural gradient from eight countries: Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, and the region of the Crimean Peninsula. We present the first country records for Romania, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, identify the dynamic expansion front in southern Serbia and provide new southernmost occurrences in Southeast Europe. We also collected data on species ecology (e.g., phenology, pollen/nectar sources, nest characteristics) and gathered evidence of reproducing populations of this species across the studied region. Citizen science data provided a five times larger spatial coverage, including recordings from remote locations, than the data collected by expert field surveys and provided critical additional data about the species biology, thanks to exceptionally engaged participants. We emphasize the importance of close collaboration between regional scientist teams and citizen participants and the benefits of this approach for monitoring a species with a continent-wide spread potential.
RG-Flow: a hierarchical and explainable flow model based on renormalization group and sparse prior
Authors: Hu Hong-Ye , Wu Dian , You Yi-Zhuang , Olshausen Bruno , Chen Yubei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flow-based generative models have become an important class of unsupervised learning approaches. In this work, we incorporate the key ideas of renormalization group (RG) and sparse prior distribution to design a hierarchical flow-based generative model, RG-Flow, which can separate information at different scales of images and extract disentangled representations at each scale. We demonstrate our method on synthetic multi-scale image datasets and the CelebA dataset, showing that the disentangled representations enable semantic manipulation and style mixing of the images at different scales. To visualize the latent representations, we introduce receptive fields for flow-based models and show that the receptive fields of RG-Flow are similar to those of convolutional neural networks. In addition, we replace the widely adopted isotropic Gaussian prior distribution by the sparse Laplacian distribution to further enhance the disentanglement of representations. From a theoretical perspective, our proposed method has

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complexity for inpainting of an image with edge length L, compared to previous generative models with

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complexity.