bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chicoric acid enhances the antioxidative defense system and protects against inflammation and apoptosis associated with the colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats
Authors: Alharthi Fahd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although several anticolitic drugs are available, their application is associated with numerous side effects. Here, the potential anticolitic efficiency of chicoric acid (CA; a hydroxycinnamic acid) against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats was examined in rats. Animals were randomly assigned to the following five groups: control, CA (100 mg/kg body weight), DSS [(DSS); 4% w/v], CA + DSS (100 mg/kg), and the 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) + DSS group. The obtained data revealed that CA significantly prevented the shortening of colon length in addition to alleviating colon histological changes in colitis rats. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress-related enzymes, in addition to malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, were markedly modulated by CA. The results also indicated that CA exerted an anti-apoptotic effect in the colitis rats by inhibiting pro-apoptogenic indices (Bax and caspase-3) and enhancing Bcl-2, the anti-apoptogenic protein. Moreover, DSS caused an elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase, cyclooxygenase II, prostaglandin E2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Interestingly, these changes were significantly attenuated following the CA administration. At the molecular level, CA supplementation has increased the expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and decreased the expressions of nitric oxide synthase and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14. CA has been determined to lessen DSS-induced colitis by activating Nrf2 and its derived antioxidant molecules and suppressing inflammation and apoptosis cascades associated with the development of colitis; suggesting that CA could be used as an alternative naturally-derived anticolitic agent.
How common is cheating in online exams and did it increase during the COVID-19 pandemic? A Systematic Review
Authors: Newton Phil , Essex Keioni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Academic misconduct is a threat to the validity and reliability of online assessment, and media reports suggest that misconduct spiked dramatically in higher education during the emergency shift to online exams caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviewed survey research to determine how common it is for university students to admit cheating in online exams, and how and why they do it. We also assessed whether these self-reports of cheating increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with an evaluation of the quality of the research evidence which addressed these questions. 25 samples were identified from 19 Studies, including 4672 participants, going back to 2012. Online exam cheating was self-reported by a substantial minority (44.7%) of students in total. Pre-COVID this was 29.9%, but during COVID cheating jumped to 54.7%, although these samples were more heterogenous. Individual cheating was more common than group cheating, and the most common reason students reported for cheating was simply that there was an opportunity to do so. Remote proctoring appeared to reduce the occurrence of cheating, although data were limited. However there were a number of methodological features which reduce confidence in the accuracy of all these findings. Most samples were collected using designs which makes it likely that online exam cheating is under-reported, for example using convenience sampling, a modest sample size and insufficient information to calculate response rate. No studies considered whether samples were representative of their population. Future approaches to online assessment should consider how the basic validity of examinations can be maintained, considering the substantial numbers of students who appear to be willing to admit engaging in misconduct. Future research on academic misconduct would benefit from using large representative samples, guaranteeing participants anonymity.
To analyze the correlation between cauda equina nerve redundancy (RNRs) and lumbar and leg pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Cao Yawen , Zhang Dan , Wang Shenglin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
[Abstract] Backgroud: To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of Cauda equina nerve redundancy (RNRs) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and low back and leg pain and its correlation with clinical risk factors. Methods: A total of 100 LSS patients admitted to our hospital due to back and leg pain from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected and analyzed. According to the occurrence of RNRs, they were divided into positive group and negative group, with 30 cases in the positive group and 70 cases in the negative group. The "rattan cord" type was the main type of RNRs, accounting for 30.00%. Results: Compared with the negative group, age, female, lumbar 4/5 spinal stenosis, sharp protrusion, multi-segment stenosis, and significantly increased ODI score in the positive group were all risk factors for RNRs. The effective sagittal diameter, median sagittal diameter and effective cross-sectional area of the positive group were significantly decreased and were protective factors for RNRs. ODI score was positively correlated with the incidence of RNRs (P< 0.05). The main MRI image change of RNRs is "rattan cord". Conclusion: The formation of RNRs is affected by many factors, such as age, gender, position of lumbar spinal stenosis, sharp protrusion, multi-segmental stenosis, ODI score, effective sagittal diameter, median sagittal diameter, effective cross-sectional area and so on.
Routine childhood immunization service readiness and uptake in the selected border District councils of Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Hamis A. , Kapologwe Ntuli A. , Kibusi Stephen M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Globally and in Tanzania, vaccine-preventable diseases are emerging and resurging for different reasons. This trend necessitated an assessment to find out the facility’s readiness to provide routine childhood immunization services among primary healthcare facilities and its uptake in district councils of Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 9 and 21 May 2022, to assess readiness, observation checklist was used to collect information from a sample of 32 health facilities which was randomly selected. A questionnaire was used to collect information from a sample of 250 caregivers to assess the level of uptake and factors related to childhood vaccination. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the collected data. Where chi-square and logistic regression models were used for categorical data and for controlling the confounders respectively. P-values of less than 0.05 at 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS version 26.
Findings: Of the 32 health facilities that were recruited in this study, the majority (81.3%) were owned by the government, of which 27 were Dispensaries and 5 were Health centres. All the healthcare facilities visited had functional refrigerators for storing vaccines and maintaining the cold chain. On average, the availability of basic childhood vaccines was 96%. More than half (78.1%) of health facilities suffered from a shortage of staff and 81.3% had no reliable transport for providing immunization services. Regarding the uptake of childhood vaccines, of 250 children studied, 56% were males, 82.8% were born at healthcare facilities, and only 73.2% of the children were fully immunized. The facility's readiness to provide immunization services and place of delivery were the main factors for the uptake of childhood vaccines (p<0.05). The odds of children being fully immunized were 0.37 less likely when delivered at home and 0.157 less likely when receiving services from those facilities which were not ready to provide childhood vaccines (AOR = 0.37, [0.136-1.1008] and (AOR = 0.157, [0.021-1.231]) respectively.
Conclusion: Primary healthcare facilities must always be ready to provide childhood immunization services to reverse the local and global trend of vaccine-preventable disease resurgence, especially in border district councils where disease importation is a possibility.
Bioinspired photothermal polyaniline composite polyurethane sponge: interlayer engineering for high-concentration seawater desalination
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Dong Jiajing , Yu Xiaohong , Liu Lingling , Liu Jialin , Pan Jiefeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Interfacial solar evaporation has attracted substantial research interest as an eco-friendly means of desalination. A great deal of work has been devoted to exploring broad-spectrum solar absorbers, porous floating evaporation systems, and appropriate thermal insulation evaporators. During desalination, salt accumulation may block the evaporation channels and severely decline evaporation performance. Herein, we designed a salt-resistant solar evaporator (PANI-SPPSU@PU) based on a polyurethane sponge (PU) with the polyaniline (PANI) photothermal layer and a negatively charged sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) interlayer. The negatively charged interlayer appends an energy barrier, which reduces the amount of the salt ions diffusing into the interlayer and regulates the local salt concentration. With this negatively charged structure, the solar evaporator enables stable evaporation from a wide range of salinity (even saturation concentration) with a high evaporation rate above 1.91 kg/m2 h. A promising salt-resistant mechanism via the synergy of the diffusion effect and the Donnan effect is also proposed in this work. Therefore, it provides a promising pathway for practical solar-powered high-salinity seawater desalination.
Building climate resilience, social sustainability and equity in global fisheries
Authors: Prellezo Raul , Rocha Jose Maria Da , Palomares Maria L.D , Sumaila U. Rashid , Villasante Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Paris Agreement adopted by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (PA), aims to limit global warming, and establish provisions for engaging in international cooperation, including carbon market mechanisms. Little research has been done in developing universal operational tools to reach the benefits of achieving the PA climate targets. To fill this key research gap, CO2 permit markets are used towards a global market-based solutions scheme to implement blue carbon climate targets for global fisheries. The scheme creates a scarcity value for the right to not sequester carbon, generating an asset of carbon sequestration allowances, based on the past landings of the fishing industry. The scheme identifies fishing activities that could be reduced because they are biologically negative, economically inefficient, and socially unequitable. Results show that 17% to 76% of the global landings can be socially inefficient, with an unequal distribution of this inefficiency among countries and fishing areas.
The effect of storage periods and pre-incubation warming on embryonic mortality, hatching characteristics, and quality of newly hatched chicks in broiler eggs
Authors: Okasha Hamada Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Egg storage duration can affect embryo mortality, hatching characteristics, hatching time, and post-hatch chick quality. In order to assess these effects, the impact of storage duration (5d, 10d, 15 days) and short incubation period during egg storage (SPIDES) investigated further 18900 eggs of broiler breeder (ROSS 308) in 3×2 factorial arrangement design. Storage periods could significantly (P ≥ 0.05) influence on embryo mortality (total, early, middle and late), hatchability of both the total eggs and fertile eggs. All hatching time parameters as well as quality of chick also affected by all storing periods applied. SPIDES had a significant (P ≥ 0.05) impact on lower embryonic death rate, improved egg hatchability, significantly reduced all hatching time parameters especially hatching window (HW) and it gave the best quality to the hatched chick. Finally stored for 5d treated by (SPIDES) positively affected hatchability characteristics, shortening hatching time and the quality of chicks. Regarding on the results, it was confirmed that using the (SPIDES) treatment to prevent the harmful effects of broiler eggs being stored for a extended period of time is a viable option.
Differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration in patients with steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Ren Guowu , wen Shuaibo , Han Jie , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Feng , Shang Yuzhi , Wu Yukun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To study the differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration in patients with steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH), identify the key genes and immune cells of SANFH, and explore the relationship between immune cells and SANFH.
Methods
The high-throughput gene chip dataset GSE123568 was downloaded from the GEO database, and the differential gene expression was analyzed with the R language. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to analyze the protein interaction network and screen key genes, and enrichment analysis was made on key genes. The infiltration of immune cells in SANFH patients was analyzed and verified by immunohistochemistry.
Results
EP300, TRAF6, STAT1, JAK1, CASP8, and JAK2 are key genes in the pathogenesis of SANFH, which mainly involve in myeloid cell differentiation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway, and cellular response to tumor necrosis factor through JAK-STAT, NOD-like receptor, Toll-like receptor, and other signaling pathways and give occurrence to diseases; immune infiltration and immunohistochemical results show that the expression of memory B cells and activated dendritic cells is reduced in SANFH patients, while in the same SANFH samples, Macrophages M1 was positively correlated with Monocytes, and Neutrophils was negatively correlated with Monocytes expression.
Conclusion
EP300, TRAF6, STAT1, JAK1, CASP8, and JAK2 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of SANFH. Memory B cells, activated dendritic cells, macrophages M1, monocytes, and neutrophils may be involved in the occurrence and development of SANFH, and this may provide support for the basic research of SANFH.
Prognostic factors of pediatric pineal region tumors at a single institution
Authors: Valsechi Linoel Curado , Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Dastoli Patricia Alessandra , Nicácio Jardel Mendonça , Suzuki Fernando Seiji , Leite Adriana Lima , Cavalheiro Sergio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To identify factors of a worse prognosis among different histological types of pineal region tumors in pediatric patients treat at a single institution in a 30-year period.
Material and Methods: 151 pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) treated between 1991 and 2020 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves were created and the log-rank test was used to compare the main prognostic factors in the different histological types.
Results: Germinoma was found in 33.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 88%; the female sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis. Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors were found in 27.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 67.2%; metastasis upon diagnosis, residual tumor and the absence of radiotherapy were associated with a worse diagnosis. Pineoblastoma was found in 22.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 40.7%; the male sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis; a tendency toward a worse outcome was found in patients < 3 years of age and those with metastasis upon diagnosis. Glioma was identified in 12.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 72.6%; high grade gliomas were associated with a worse prognosis. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors was found in 3.3% and all patients died within a 19-month period.
Conclusion: Pineal region tumors are characterized by the heterogeneity of histological types, which exert an influence on the outcome. Knowledge of the prognostic factors for each histological types is of extreme importance to the determination of guided multidisciplinary treatment.
Stochastic Wasserstein Hamiltonian Flows
Authors: Cui Jianbo , Liu Shu , Zhou Haomin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the stochastic Hamiltonian flow in Wasserstein manifold, the probability density space equipped with L2-Wasserstein metric tensor, via the Wong--Zakai approximation. We begin our investigation by showing that the stochastic Euler--Lagrange equation, regardless it is deduced from either variational principle or particle dynamics, can be interpreted as the stochastic kinetic Hamiltonian flows in Wasserstein manifold. We further propose a novel variational formulation to derive more general stochastic Wassersetin Hamiltonian flows, and demonstrate that this new formulation is applicable to various systems including the stochastic Schrödinger equation, Schrödinger equation with random dispersion, and Schrödinger bridge problem with common noise.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) Primary 58B20, Secondary 35R60, 35Q41, 35Q83, 65M75
Freshwater ecosystems’ benthic microplastic uptake in fish: the case study of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Curtean-Bănăduc Angela , Mihuţ Claudia , Burcea Alexandru , McCall Grant S. , Matei Claudiu , Bănăduc Doru 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The feeding characteristics of the nase, based on its mouth morphology and feeding behaviour make it a biological uptake vector for microplastics in the freshwater ecosystems. Fibres may have limited absorption through the gastro-intestinal tract and would be unlikely to find in the fish tissues. The presence of microplastic fibres in the gastro-intestinal content is a proof of how difficult it is for these fibres to become embedded in other organs. The absence of microplastic fibres found in its muscle tissue and gastro-intestinal tissue is important information for microplastic fabrication and management in aquatic ecosystems. The majority of fish have relatively low levels of microplastics, however, a few individuals have a higher dose. This is true for all types of microplastics analysed with the exception of individuals that had just one microplastic present in the analysed matrix. The microplastics are not concentrated in the fish tissues and gastro-intestinal tract content in relation with fish age, which may be due to their different mobility in the ecosystem, or due to the recent appearance of this type of contamination and the scale at which microplastics bioaccumulate. Such a relatively common fish must be included in assessment and monitoring systems of the European lotic systems. The risks involved include the transfer of the freshwater environments microplastics into human organ tissues via the food web of fishing species with the nase as a key basis.
Chaos–hologram: a novel technique in encryption information
Authors: Kadhim Meadaa W. , Kafi Dina Ahmed , Abed Ehsan Ali , Jamal Raied K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, hologram-chaos technique was used to encrypt information as one of the hologram applications using MATLAB program. The results showed that the information to be transmitted in complete secrecy can be easily identified using computer generated holograms through the process of computer hologram reconstruction, so this technique is not able to guarantee the confidentiality of information transmission. When coupling the hologram technology with the chaotic Lorenz system by performing several arithmetic operations of addition, multiplication and division for the matrices of Fourier transforms of the information to be sent (the Mona Lisa image) and the hologram of the Lorenz system, the results showed a complete encryption of the images to be sent and the disappearance of their features using the division process.
Post-abortion care services in Zambian health facilities: a qualitative study of users' experiences and perceptions
Authors: Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Mwila Meek , Makasa Musonda , Mukosha Moses , Jacobs Choolwe , Phiri Christabel Chigwe , Vwalika Bellington , Sichone Victor , Mangala Benedictus , Haketa Melisa , Kumwenda Andrew , Kaonga Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: Despite attempts to increase Universal Health Coverage, availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality-related challenges remain barriers to receiving essential services by women who need them. We aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of women receiving post-abortal care services in Zambia, within a human-rights framework.
Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted between August and September 2021 in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. Fifteen (15) individual interviews with women seeking post-abortion care services were` conducted using audio recorders; transcribed data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: We report women's experiences and perceptions of the healthcare system, their experiences of abortion, and healthcare-seeking behavior. We used the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) framework to understand how women claimed their right to healthcare as they sought and utilized abortion care services. Women who experienced spontaneous abortions delayed seeking health care by viewing symptoms as 'normal pregnancy symptoms' and not dangerous. Women also delayed seeking care because they feared the negative attitudes from their communities and the health care providers towards abortion in general, despite it being legal in Zambia. Some services were considered costly, impeding their right to access quality care.
Conclusions: Women delayed seeking care compounded by fear of negative attitudes from the community and healthcare providers. To ensure the provision and utilization of quality abortion-related healthcare services, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability and legality of safe-abortion services, the importance of seeking healthcare early for any abortion-related discomfort, and the provision and availability of free services at all levels of care should be emphasized.