bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Principal Minor Polynomials: Hyperbolic Determinantal Inequalities and Spectral Containment
Authors: Blekherman Grigoriy , Kummer Mario , Sanyal Raman , Shu Kevin , Sun Shengding 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A linear principal minor polynomial or lpm polynomial is a linear combination of principal minors of a symmetric matrix. By restricting to the diagonal, lpm polynomials are in bijection with multiaffine polynomials. We show that this establishes a one-to-one correspondence between homogeneous multiaffine stable polynomials and PSD-stable lpm polynomials. This yields new construction techniques for hyperbolic polynomials and allows us to find an explicit degree 3 hyperbolic polynomial in six variables some of whose Rayleigh differences are not sums of squares. We further generalize the well-known Fisher–Hadamard and Koteljanskii inequalities from determinants to PSD-stable lpm polynomials. We investigate the relationship between the associated hyperbolicity cones and conjecture a relationship between the eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix and the values of certain lpm polynomials evaluated at that matrix. We refer to this relationship as spectral containment.
Back Stable K-Theory Schubert Calculus
Authors: Lam Thomas , Lee Seung Jin , Shimozono Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the back stable $K$-theory Schubert calculus of the infinite flag variety. We define back stable (double) Grothendieck polynomials and double $K$-Stanley functions and establish coproduct expansion formulae. Applying work of Weigandt, we extend our previous results on bumpless pipedreams from cohomology to $K$-theory. We study finiteness and positivity properties of the ring of back stable Grothendieck polynomials and divided difference operators in $K$-homology.
Seasonal and temporal variation in the placenta during melatonin supplementation in a bovine compromised pregnancy model
Authors: Contreras-Correa Zully E , Cochran Taylor , Metcalfe Abbie , Burnett Derris D , Lemley Caleb O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compromised pregnancies result in a poorly functioning placenta restricting the amount of oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Supplementing dietary melatonin during a compromised pregnancy increased uteroplacental blood flow and prevented IUGR in a seasonal-dependent manner. The objectives were to evaluate seasonal melatonin-mediated changes in temporal alterations of the bovine placental vascularity and transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors, and nutrient sensing genes in 54 underfed pregnant Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25). At day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to treatments consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC; n = 13), nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n = 13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). The animals were fed daily at 0900 hours until day 240 where Cesarean sections were performed in the morning (0500 hours) or afternoon (1300 hours) for placentome collections. In both seasons, we observed a temporal alteration of the core clock genes in the cotyledonary tissue in a season-dependent manner. In the fall, ARNTL, CLOCK, NR1D1, and RORA transcript abundance were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon compared to the morning; whereas in the summer, ARNTL, PER2, and RORA expression were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon. Interestingly, in both seasons, there was a concomitant temporal increase (P ≤ 0.05) of cotyledonary blood vessel perfusion and caruncular melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance. Melatonin supplementation did not alter the melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance (P &gt; 0.05), however, in the summer, melatonin supplementation increased cotyledonary VEGFA, CRY1, and RORA (P ≤ 0.05) transcript abundance. In addition, during the summer the placentomes from underfed dams had increased average capillary size and HIF1α transcript abundance compared to those adequately fed (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate increased cotyledonary blood vessel size and blood distribution after feeding to better facilitate nutrient transport. Interestingly, the maternal nutritional plane appears to play a crucial role in regulating the bovine placental circadian clock. Based on these findings, the regulation of angiogenic factors and clock genes in the bovine placenta appears to be an underlying mechanism of the therapeutic effect of dietary melatonin supplementation in the summer.
Consistency of Cuticular Hydrocarbon Mixtures of Five Reticulitermes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Taxa From Northern California: Similarity Among Colonies and Seasonal Variation
Authors: Nelson Lori J , Hamud Shakeeb M , Baldwin James A , Lewis Vernard R , Haverty Michael I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) mixtures from workers of five distinct CHC phenotypes of Reticulitermes Holmgren 1913 from two locations in northern California were examined from monthly collections taken over a 3-yr period. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify and quantify variations of the CHCs of multiple colonies of each of these phenotypes (= species or subspecies) to demonstrate consistency, (2) to assess the potential of CHC mixtures to separate or identify colonies within each phenotype, and (3) to detect any temporal changes in each of the hydrocarbons in the CHC mixtures. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of all CHC mixtures of all samples collected at both locations separated the samples into five clearly visible, different groups of CHC phenotypes (taxa or species) of Reticulitermes. The degree of variability of the CHC mixtures among colonies of each phenotype was such that nonmetric multidimensional scaling did not separate or identify colonies. Strong seasonal fluctuations were evident in some of the CHCs of all five phenotypes and were significantly consistent with a sine curve. Maximum proportions of seasonal CHCs within a phenotype occurred in all seasons of the year but occurred mostly in the winter and summer. In general, the CHCs displaying maximum values in the winter were short-chained (C23–C27) methyl-branched alkanes, whereas the CHCs displaying maximum values in the summer were long-chained (C35–C43) methyl-branched alkanes, which likely influences water retention. These consistent chemical fingerprints are probably responsible for inter-phenotype recognition patterns and are thus useful for chemical taxonomy.
CJEU clarifies that destruction of goods may be claimed irrespective of infringement type
Authors: Jacobi Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has recently ruled that the right to claim destruction of goods applies to all goods that infringe IP rights. The CJEU clarified that destruction may be sought not only of counterfeit goods but also of genuine goods that are placed on the European Economic Area market without the consent of the IP proprietor.
Fatal Fulminant Cerebral Edema in Six Children With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Infection in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Jainn-Jim , Tu Yi-Fang , Chen Shyi-Jou , Kuo Yung-Ting , Jeng Mei-Jy , Hsin-Ju Ko Mary , Chiu Cheng-Hsun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute fulminant cerebral edema in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection has been rarely reported. Such patients frequently demonstrate rapid progression and are usually fatal. In this retrospective study, we describe the detailed clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging features of six fatal cases in Taiwan. All patients had shock initially, five showed rapid progression to multiorgan failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and three developed acute respiratory distress syndromes. The inflammatory biomarkers in the first 3 days, including interleukin 6, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer, showed significant elevation in all cases. The hyperinflammatory response may play a role in the pathophysiology.
An emerging probiotic with liver health benefits for smokers
Authors: Jia Wei , Zheng Xiaojiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a study recently published in Nature, Chen et al. unveiled a mechanistic role of nicotine in NAFLD progression. In addition, they identified a gut bacterium Bacteroides xylanisolvens that can reduce intestinal nicotine levels, and thus improve nicotine-induced NAFLD phenotypes in mice.
A chemical study of nine star-forming regions with evidence of infall motion
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Yao , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The study of the physical and chemical properties of gas infall motion in the molecular clumps helps us understand the initial stages of star formation. We used the FTS wide-sideband mode of the IRAM 30-m telescope to observe nine infall sources with significant double-peaked blue line profile. The observation frequency ranges are 83.7–91.5 GHz and 99.4–107.2 GHz. We have obtained numbers of molecular line data. Using xclass, a total of 7–27 different molecules and isotopic transition lines have been identified in these nine sources, including carbon chain molecules, such as CCH, c-C3H2 and HC3N. According to the radiation transfer model, we estimated the rotation temperatures and column densities of these sources. Chemical simulations adopting a physical model of HMSFRs are used to fit the observed molecular abundances. The comparison shows that most sources are in the early HMPO stage, with the inner temperature around several 10 K.
A MeerKAT look at the polarization of 47 Tucanae pulsars: magnetic field implications
Authors: Abbate F , Possenti A , Ridolfi A , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Buchner S , Barr E D , Bailes M , Kramer M , Cameron A , Parthasarathy A , van Straten W , Chen W , Camilo F , Padmanabh P V , Mao S A , Freire P C C , Ransom S M , Vleeschower L , Geyer M , Zhang L 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the polarization profiles of 22 pulsars in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae using observations from the MeerKAT radio telescope at UHF band (544–1088 MHz) and report precise values of dispersion measure (DM) and rotation measure (RM). We use these measurements to investigate the presence of turbulence in electron density and magnetic fields. The structure function of DM shows a break at ∼30 arcsec (∼0.6 pc at the distance of 47 Tucanae) that suggests the presence of turbulence in the gas in the cluster driven by the motion of wind-shedding stars. On the other hand, the structure function of RM does not show evidence of a break. This non-detection could be explained either by the limited number of pulsars or by the effects of the intervening gas in the Galaxy along the line of sight. Future pulsar discoveries in the cluster could help confirm the presence and localize the turbulence.
Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment catalogue: testing the tidal circularization
Authors: Çakirli Ömür 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Tidal forces are an important process in the pre-main-sequence phase (as reported by Zahn and Bouchet in their now well-known paper) and throughout the main-sequence phase of stellar evolution. Nevertheless, uncertainty over tidal forces affects estimates obtained from models of the circularization and synchronization of the orbit by tidal interactions. Here, we search for evidence of tidal circularization in close binaries using a large sample of well-characterized eclipsing systems. We searched Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) photometric catalogue for the Southern hemisphere from the Southern hemisphere for eclipsing binaries in eccentric orbits. We present precise values of the eccentricity and orbital and stellar parameters of eight detached, eclipsing stars from the OGLE catalogue that were determined by jointly modelling light curves and spectral analysis. The temperatures and relative radii of their components, as well as their mass ratios, were also calculated with high accuracy. We find a clear dependence of the components' relative radii and orbital period on the eccentricity. The determination of eccentricities as a function of period potentially allows us to infer the role of tidal circularization. The (P, r1,2) distribution of the known eccentric binaries exhibits a rough trend of increasing eccentricity with period. This suggests that the secondary components in binaries with longer orbital periods may be tidally circularized significantly more efficiently than is usually assumed. Observing this effect is challenging because it requires large and well-characterized samples that include many types of systems. Here we seek evidence of the predicted dependence of circularization on the relative radii using a sample of eclipsing binaries observed by OGLE.
The demographics of obscured AGN from X-ray spectroscopy guided by multiwavelength information
Authors: Laloux Brivael , Georgakakis Antonis , Andonie Carolina , Alexander David M , Ruiz Angel , Rosario David J , Aird James , Buchner Johannes , Carrera Francisco J , Lapi Andrea , Ramos Almeida Cristina , Salvato Mara , Shankar Francesco 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
A complete census of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a prerequisite for understanding the growth of supermassive black holes across cosmic time. A significant challenge towards this goal is the whereabouts of heavily obscured AGN that remain uncertain. This paper sets new constraints on the demographics of this population by developing a methodology that combines X-ray spectral information with priors derived from multiwavelength observations. We select X-ray AGN in the Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey and fit their $2.2\!-\!500\, \mu \mathrm{m}$ spectral energy distributions with galaxy and AGN templates to determine the mid-infrared ($6\, \mu \mathrm{m}$) luminosity of the AGN component. Empirical correlations between X-ray and $6\, \mu \mathrm{m}$ luminosities are then adopted to infer the intrinsic accretion luminosity at X-rays for individual AGN. This is used as prior information in our Bayesian X-ray spectral analysis to estimate physical properties, such as line-of-sight obscuration. Our approach breaks the degeneracies between accretion luminosity and obscuration that affect X-ray spectral analysis, particularly for the most heavily obscured (Compton-Thick) AGN with low photon counts X-ray spectra. The X-ray spectral results are then combined with the selection function of the Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey to derive the AGN space density and a Compton-Thick fraction of $21.0^{+16.1}_{-9.9}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at redshifts z &lt; 0.5. At higher redshift, our analysis suggests upper limits to the Compton-Thick AGN fraction of $\lesssim 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. These estimates are at the low end of the range of values determined in the literature and underline the importance of multiwavelength approaches for tackling the challenge of heavily obscured AGN demographics.
Preferential accretion and circumbinary disc precession in eccentric binary systems
Authors: Siwek Magdalena , Weinberger Rainer , Muñoz Diego J , Hernquist Lars 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a suite of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of binaries immersed in circumbinary accretion discs (CBDs). For the first time, we investigate the preferential accretion rate as a function of both eccentricity eb and mass ratio qb in a densely sampled parameter space, finding that when compared with circular binaries, (i) mass ratios grow more efficiently in binaries on moderately eccentric orbits (0.0 ≲ eb ≲ 0.4), and (ii) high eccentricities (eb ≳ 0.6) suppress mass ratio growth. We suggest that this non-monotonic preferential accretion behaviour may produce an observable shift in the mass ratio distributions of stellar binaries and massive black hole binaries. We further find that the response of a CBD can be divided into three regimes, depending on eccentricity and mass ratio: (i) CBDs around circular binaries always precess freely, whereas CBDs around eccentric binaries either (ii) undergo forced precession or (iii) remain locked at an angle with respect to the binary periapsis. Forced precession in eccentric binaries is associated with strong modulation of individual accretion rates on the precession time-scale, a potentially observable signature in accreting binaries with short orbital periods. We provide CBD locking angles and precession rates as a function of eb and qb for our simulation suite.
The present-day gas content of simulated field dwarf galaxies
Authors: Herzog Georg , Benítez-Llambay Alejandro , Fumagalli Michele 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine the gas content of field dwarf galaxies in a high-resolution cosmological simulation. In agreement with previous work, we find that galaxies inhabiting dark matter haloes with mass below a critical value, M200 ≲ Mcrit ≈ 5 × 109 M⊙, are quiescent at the present day. The gas content of these galaxies is thus insensitive to feedback from evolving stars. Almost half of these quiescent systems today have gas masses much smaller than that expected for their mass. We find that gas-deficient galaxies originate from (1) past interactions with massive hosts, in which a dwarf loses gas and dark matter via tidal and ram-pressure forces; and (2) from hydrodynamic interactions with the gaseous filaments and sheets of the cosmic web, in which a dwarf loses gas via ram pressure. We refer to these systems as ‘flybys’ and ‘COSWEBs’. Flybys locate in high-density regions, tracing the location of the most massive galaxies in the simulation. In contrast, COSWEBs are dispersed throughout the volume and trace the cosmic web. For sub-critical systems, M200 &lt; Mcrit, the fraction of COSWEB galaxies can be as high as $35 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and much higher for flybys, which make up 100 per cent of the galaxies with $M_{200}\lt 3\times 10^8 \ \rm M_{\odot }$. The deficit of gas caused by these mechanisms may preclude the detection of a large fraction of field dwarfs in future H i surveys. For galaxies inhabiting haloes with mass M200 &gt; Mcrit, we find that cosmic web stripping, on average, shuts down star formation in more than $70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the affected systems.
Peekaboo: the extremely metal poor dwarf galaxy HIPASS J1131-31
Authors: Karachentsev I D , Makarova L N , Koribalski B S , Anand G S , Tully R B , Kniazev A Y 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The dwarf irregular galaxy HIPASS J1131-31 was discovered as a source of HI emission at low redshift in such close proximity of a bright star that we call it Peekaboo. The galaxy resolves into stars in images with Hubble Space Telescope, leading to a distance estimate of 6.8 ± 0.7 Mpc. Spectral optical observations with the Southern African Large Telescope reveal HIPASS J1131-31 to be one of the most extremely metal-poor galaxies known with the gas-phase oxygen abundance 12 + log(O/H) = 6.99 ± 0.16 dex via the direct [O iii] 4363 line method and 6.87 ± 0.07 dex from the two strong line empirical methods. The red giant branch of the system is tenuous compared with the prominence of the features of young populations in the colour-magnitude diagram, inviting speculation that star formation in the galaxy only began in the last few Gyr.
UPF1 mutants with intact ATPase but deficient helicase activities promote efficient nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Chapman Joseph H , Craig Jonathan M , Wang Clara D , Gundlach Jens H , Neuman Keir C , Hogg J Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The conserved RNA helicase UPF1 coordinates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) by engaging with mRNAs, RNA decay machinery and the terminating ribosome. UPF1 ATPase activity is implicated in mRNA target discrimination and completion of decay, but the mechanisms through which UPF1 enzymatic activities such as helicase, translocase, RNP remodeling, and ATPase-stimulated dissociation influence NMD remain poorly defined. Using high-throughput biochemical assays to quantify UPF1 enzymatic activities, we show that UPF1 is only moderately processive (&lt;200 nt) in physiological contexts and undergoes ATPase-stimulated dissociation from RNA. We combine an in silico screen with these assays to identify and characterize known and novel UPF1 mutants with altered helicase, ATPase, and RNA binding properties. We find that UPF1 mutants with substantially impaired processivity (E797R, G619K/A546H), faster (G619K) or slower (K547P, E797R, G619K/A546H) unwinding rates, and/or reduced mechanochemical coupling (i.e. the ability to harness ATP hydrolysis for work; K547P, R549S, G619K, G619K/A546H) can still support efficient NMD of well-characterized targets in human cells. These data are consistent with a central role for UPF1 ATPase activity in driving cycles of RNA binding and dissociation to ensure accurate NMD target selection.
An updated definition of V(D)J recombination signal sequences revealed by high-throughput recombination assays
Authors: Hoolehan Walker , Harris Justin C , Byrum Jennifer N , Simpson Destiny A , Rodgers Karla K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the adaptive immune system, V(D)J recombination initiates the production of a diverse antigen receptor repertoire in developing B and T cells. Recombination activating proteins, RAG1 and RAG2 (RAG1/2), catalyze V(D)J recombination by cleaving adjacent to recombination signal sequences (RSSs) that flank antigen receptor gene segments. Previous studies defined the consensus RSS as containing conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences separated by a less conserved 12 or 23 base-pair spacer sequence. However, many RSSs deviate from the consensus sequence. Here, we developed a cell-based, massively parallel assay to evaluate V(D)J recombination activity on thousands of RSSs where the 12-RSS heptamer and adjoining spacer region contained randomized sequences. While the consensus heptamer sequence (CACAGTG) was marginally preferred, V(D)J recombination was highly active on a wide range of non-consensus sequences. Select purine/pyrimidine motifs that may accommodate heptamer unwinding in the RAG1/2 active site were generally preferred. In addition, while different coding flanks and nonamer sequences affected recombination efficiency, the relative dependency on the purine/pyrimidine motifs in the RSS heptamer remained unchanged. Our results suggest RAG1/2 specificity for RSS heptamers is primarily dictated by DNA structural features dependent on purine/pyrimidine pattern, and to a lesser extent, RAG:RSS base-specific interactions.