bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating Darcy-Scale Chemical Reaction Order to Pore-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Huang Po-Wei , Flemisch Bernd , Qin Chao-Zhong , Saar Martin O. , Ebigbo Anozie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to spatial scaling effects, there is a discrepancy in mineral dissolution rates measured at different spatial scales. Many reasons for this spatial scaling effect can be given. We investigate one such reason, i.e., how pore-scale spatial heterogeneity in porous media affects overall mineral dissolution rates. Using the bundle-of-tubes model as an analogy for porous media, we show that the Darcy-scale reaction order increases as the statistical similarity between the pore sizes and the effective-surface-area ratio of the porous sample decreases. The analytical results quantify mineral spatial heterogeneity using the Darcy-scale reaction order and give a mechanistic explanation to the usage of reaction order in Darcy-scale modeling. The relation is used as a constitutive relation of reactive transport at the Darcy scale. We test the constitutive relation by simulating flow-through experiments. The proposed constitutive relation is able to model the solute breakthrough curve of the simulations. Our results imply that we can infer mineral spatial heterogeneity of a porous media using measured solute concentration over time in a flow-through dissolution experiment.
Adverse upgrading and/or upstaging in contemporary low-risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Flammia Rocco S. , Hoeh Benedikt , Hohenhorst Lukas , Sorce Gabriele , Chierigo Francesco , Panunzio Andrea , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Leonardo Costantino , Briganti Alberto , Antonelli Alessandro , Terrone Carlo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Anceschi Umberto , Graefen Markus , Chun Felix K. H. , Montorsi Francesco , Gallucci Michele , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Upgrading and/or upstaging in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients may represent an indication for active treatment instead of active surveillance (AS). We addressed contemporary upgrading and/or upstaging rates in a large population based-cohort of low-risk PCa patients.

Materials and methods
Whitin the SEER database (2010–2015), NCCN low-risk PCa patients were identified across management modalities: radical prostatectomy (RP), radiotherapy (RT) and non-local treatment (NLT). In RP patients, upgrading and/or upstaging rates were assessed in logistic regression models.

Results
Overall, of 27,901 low-risk PCa patients, 38% underwent RP vs 28% RT vs 34% NLT. RP patients were the youngest and harbored the highest percentage of positive cores and a higher rate of cT2a than NLT. At RP, 46.2% were upgraded to GGG ≥ 2, 6.0% to GGG ≥ 3 and 10.5% harbored nonorgan-confined stage (NOC, pT3-4 or pN1). Of NOC patients, 1.6% harbored GGG ≥ 3, 6.3% harbored GGG2 and 2.6% harbored GGG1. Of pT2 patients, 4.4% harbored GGG ≥ 3, 33.9% harbored GGG2 and 51.3% harbored GGG1. Age, PSA, percentage of positive cores and number of positive cores independently predicted the presence of NOC and/or GGG ≥ 3, but with low accuracy (63.9%).

Conclusions
In low-risk PCa, critical changes between tumor grade and stage at biopsy vs RP may be expected in very few patients: NOC with GGG ≥ 3 in 1.6% and NOC with GGG2 in 6.3%. Other patients with upgrading and/or upstaging combinations will invariably harbor either pT2 or GGG1 that far less critically affect PCa prognosis.
Effect of quorum quenchers on virulence factors production and quorum sensing signalling pathway of non-mucoid, mucoid, and heavily mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kalgudi Rachith , Tamimi Roya , Kyazze Godfrey , Keshavarz Tajalli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuorum quenching (QQ), a mechanism which inhibits, interferes or inactivates quorum sensing, has been investigated for control of biofilms instigated by quorum sensing process. Application of quorum quenchers (QQs) provides the possibility to investigate how different phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid, mucoid, and heavily mucoid strains) modulate their gene expression to form biofilms, their quorum sensing (QS) mediated biofilm to be formed, and their virulence expressed. The mRNA expression of the AHL-mediated QS circuit and AHL-mediated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa was investigated in presence of QQs. qPCR analysis showed that farnesol and tyrosol actively reduce the expression of the synthase protein, LasI and RhlI, and prevent production of 3OC12-HSL and C4-HSL, respectively. Also, the use of farnesol and tyrosol significantly moderated gene expression for exo-proteins toxA, aprA, LasB, as well as rhlAB, which are responsible for rhamnolipid production. Our findings were promising, identifying several suppressive regulatory effects of furanone and Candida albicans QS signal molecules, tyrosol, and farnesol on the AHL-mediated P. aeruginosa QS network and related virulence factors.
Neural Decoding of Visual Information Across Different Neural Recording Modalities and Approaches
Authors: Zhang Yi-Jun , Yu Zhao-Fei , Liu Jian. K. , Huang Tie-Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVision plays a peculiar role in intelligence. Visual information, forming a large part of the sensory information, is fed into the human brain to formulate various types of cognition and behaviours that make humans become intelligent agents. Recent advances have led to the development of brain-inspired algorithms and models for machine vision. One of the key components of these methods is the utilization of the computational principles underlying biological neurons. Additionally, advanced experimental neuroscience techniques have generated different types of neural signals that carry essential visual information. Thus, there is a high demand for mapping out functional models for reading out visual information from neural signals. Here, we briefly review recent progress on this issue with a focus on how machine learning techniques can help in the development of models for contending various types of neural signals, from fine-scale neural spikes and single-cell calcium imaging to coarse-scale electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging recordings of brain signals.
You want to sell this to me twice!? How perceptions of betrayal may undermine internal product upgrades
Authors: Garbas Janina , Schubach Sebastian , Mende Martin , Scott Maura L. , Schumann Jan H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhysical products (e.g., cars, smartphones) increasingly evolve into dynamic service platforms that allow for customization through fee-based activation of restricted add-on features throughout their lifecycle. The authors refer to this emerging phenomenon as “internal product upgrades”. Drawing on normative expectations literature, this research examines pitfalls of internal product upgrades that marketers need to understand. Six experimental studies in two different contexts (consumer-electronics, automotive) reveal that consumers respond less favorably to internal (vs. external) product upgrades. The analyses show that customer-perceived betrayal, which results from increased feature ownership perceptions, drives the effects. Moreover, this research identifies three boundary conditions: it shows that the negative effects are attenuated when (1) the company (vs. consumer) executes the upgrading, and (2) consumers upgrade an intangible (vs. tangible) feature. Finally, consumers react less negatively when (3) the base product is less relevant to their self-identity.
Trust in blockchain-enabled exchanges: Future directions in blockchain marketing
Authors: Tan Teck Ming , Saraniemi Saila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior research typically positions blockchain technology as enabling a trustless exchange environment without specifically investigating how blockchain technology provides trust and what makes the data in a blockchain “tamperproof” and “immutable.” This article serves to address these research gaps by conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 informants who have had at least three years of project experience with blockchain-enabled exchanges. Our findings uncover three unique aspects of blockchain that enable trust in exchange vs. a traditional exchange: (1) trust in exchange actors: mathematics and cryptography vs. human guardians within institutions, (2) trust in exchange actions: information transparency enabling tamperproof and immutable data vs. information asymmetry, and (3) trust in exchange assets: digital vs. manual escrows for verifying ownership of valuable goods. This research is vital for marketing scholars and practitioners who seek to understand the rise of threats to trust regarding online advertising, customer trust, privacy, and digital rights.
Compensatory role of verbal learning and consolidation in reading and spelling of children with dyslexia
Authors: van Rijthoven Robin , Kleemans Tijs , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated the compensatory role of verbal learning and consolidation in reading and spelling of children with (N = 54) and without dyslexia (N = 36) and the role of verbal learning (learning new verbal information) and consolidation (remember the learned information over time) on the response to a phonics through spelling intervention of children with dyslexia. We also took phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, verbal working memory, and semantics into account. Results showed that children with dyslexia performed better in verbal learning and equal in verbal consolidation compared to typically developing peers. Regression analyses revealed that verbal learning did not predict reading but did predict spelling ability, across both groups; verbal consolidation did not predict reading, nor spelling. Furthermore, neither verbal learning nor verbal consolidation was related to responsiveness to a phonics through spelling intervention in children with dyslexia. Verbal learning may thus be seen as a compensatory mechanism for spelling before the intervention for children with dyslexia but is beneficial for typically developing children as well.
Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles
Authors: Wessels Marlene , Zähme Carolina , Oberfeld Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo cross a road safely, pedestrians estimate the time remaining until an approaching vehicle arrives at their location (time-to-collision, TTC). For visually presented accelerated objects, however, TTC estimates are known to show a first-order pattern indicating that acceleration is not adequately considered. We investigated whether added vehicle sound can reduce these estimation errors. Twenty-five participants estimated the TTC of vehicles approaching with constant velocity or accelerating, from a pedestrian’s perspective at the curb in a traffic simulation. For visually-only presented accelerating vehicles, the TTC estimates showed the expected first-order pattern and thus large estimation errors. With added vehicle sound, the first-order pattern was largely removed, and TTC estimates were significantly more accurate compared to the visual-only presentation. For constant velocities, TTC estimates in both presentation conditions were predominantly accurate. Taken together, the sound of an accelerating vehicle can compensate for erroneous visual TTC estimates presumably by promoting the consideration of acceleration.
Finding gadgets in incremental code updates for return-oriented programming attacks on resource-constrained devices
Authors: Lehniger Kai , Saad Abdelaziz , Langendörfer Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCode-reuse attacks pose a threat to embedded devices since they are able to defeat common security defences such as non-executable stacks. To succeed in his code-reuse attack, the attacker has to gain knowledge of some or all of the instructions of the target firmware/software. In case of a bare metal firmware that is protected from being dumped out of a device, it is hard to know the running instructions of the target firmware. This consequently makes code-reuse attacks more difficult to achieve. This paper presents a novel approach how an attacker can gain knowledge of some of these instructions by sniffing unencrypted incremental updates. These updates exist to reduce the radio reception power for resource-constrained devices. It will be demonstrated how a return-oriented programming (ROP) attack can be accomplished on a MSP430 MCU using only the passively sniffed incremental updates. The generated updates of the R3diff and Delta Generator (DG) differencing algorithms will be under assessment. The evaluation reveals that both of them can be exploited by the attacker and how an attacker can maximize his information gain when dealing with more than one update. It also shows that the DG generated updates leak more information than the R3diff generated updates. This stresses the fact that even delta updates need to be protected with encryption. To defend against this attack, different countermeasures that consider different power consumption scenarios are proposed, but yet to be evaluated.
Refined conodont stratigraphy at Martenberg (Rhenish Massif, Germany) as base for a formal middle/upper Frasnian substage boundary
Authors: Saupe Felix , Becker Ralph Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe famous Martenberg section of the eastern Rhenish Massif, Germany, type-section of classical Frasnian goniatite and conodont zonations, has been restudied in order to document the microfacies development and to refine the conodont stratigraphy around the globalsemichatovaeEvent/Transgression, the proposed level to define a future upper Frasnian substage. More than 8.000 platform elements were identified and include new taxa.Palmatolepis jamieaeis subdivided into the subspeciesPa.jamieae jamieae,Pa.jamieae savagein. ssp.,Pa. jamieae rosan. ssp., andPa. jamieaessp. δ. Another new species,Pa.adorfensisn. sp., was previously partly identified asPa. jamieae, whilePa. descendensn. sp. has previously been described in open nomenclature from Inner Mongolia. Morphotypes are defined inIcriodus symmetricus, Pa. ljaschenkoae, andPa. proversa. A global literature survey shows that the eustaticsemichatovaeEvent can be recognised in more than 20 regions of all continents with (sub)tropical Upper Devonian outcrops. At Martenberg, the transgression is preceded by a thin but distinctive interval with unconformities, microbial mats, sheet cracks, and currents that brought in the regionally youngest volcaniclastics. The new conodont data confirm that no typicalPa. jamieae(sensu the holotype) occur in the two beds originally supposed to represent thejamieaeZone in its reference section. We fully support the conclusion of Ovnatanova and Kononova (2020) that thejamieaeZone should be abandoned. EarlyPa. jamieaesubspecies and the related new taxa enter at Martenberg and in a few other regions in the globally easily recognisable Frasnian Zone 10 (=planaZone). Frasnian Zone 11 (feistiZone) is subdivided into subzones FZ 11a (=feistiSubzone) and FZ 11b (=nasutaSubzone). The base of the latter coincides with thesemichatovaeTransgression, thesemichatovaeSubzone of more shallow shelf settings, and is proposed to define in future the upper Frasnian substage base. On a global scale, the Martenberg section is currently the best bed-by-bed documented section for facies changes, conodont and goniatite biostratigraphy at the middle/upper Frasnian transition. Therefore, it is a prime candidate for a future GSSP selection. A global literature survey identified more than 20 other pelagic conodont successions that have the potential for precise correlation and a better understanding of the environmental changes associated with thesemichatovaeEvent.
Local TV News Coverage of Racial Disparities in COVID-19 During the First Wave of the Pandemic, March–June 2020
Authors: Xu Yiwei , Farkouh Elizabeth K. , Dunetz Caroline A. , Varanasi Sravya L. , Mathews Sophia , Gollust Sarah E. , Fowler Erika Franklin , Moore Steven , Lewis Neil A. , Niederdeppe Jeff 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted health and social outcomes for people of color in the United States. This study examined how local TV news stories attributed causes and solutions for COVID-19-related racial health and social disparities, and whether coverage of such disparities changed after George Floyd’s murder, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically validated keywords to extract relevant news content and conducted a content analysis of 169 discrete local TV news stories aired between March and June 2020 from 80 broadcast networks within 22 purposefully selected media markets. We found that social determinants of COVID-19 related racial disparities have been part of the discussion in local TV news, but racism as a public health crisis was rarely mentioned. Coverage of racial disparities focused far more attention on physical health outcomes than broader social impacts. Stories cited more structural factors than individual factors, as causes of these disparities. After the murder of George Floyd, stories were more likely to mention Black and Latinx people than other populations impacted by COVID-19. Only 9% of local news stories referenced racism, and stories referenced politicians more frequently than public health experts.
Raman-XPS Spectroscopy, REE Chemistry, and Morphological Studies of Detrital Zircon and Monazite – Implications for Metamict State and Provenance
Authors: Rejitha R. G. , Sundararajana M. , Peer Mohameda, A. , Satyanarayanan M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A combination of advanced characterisation techniques was applied to study the structure, chemistry, and surface morphological features of detrital zircon and monazite grains from the coasts of Varkala and Kovalam situated in the south-west part of India, showing implications to their metamict state, Rare Earth Element (REE) chemistry, and provenance. Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Ultraviolet-Visible-near- IR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopic techniques were used to detect the disorder in crystal structure due to self irradiation damage. The rare earth, radioactive, and trace elements present in these minerals were identified using high resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS). These studies are also complimented by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis for understanding the morphological features. The present study depicts a low degree of metamictization in natural detrital zircon and monazite grains with information regarding their REE chemsitry and the surface morphological changes that occurred due to mechanical impacts caused during transportation and deposition. These vivid datasets of information facilitate the mining industry and scientific community for determining their grades.
Geologic, Geomorphologic, and Climatic Preparatory Conditions for the Evolution of the Dangkhar Landslide, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Scott Kieffer D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With an estimated volume of approximately 15 to 20 km3, the Dangkhar landslide located in the Spiti valley, Himachal Pradesh, India, is one of the largest landslides on earth. Its initiation is geochronologically constrained to have occurred during the late Pleistocene and may be related to glacial retreat following local last glacial maximum, which, depending on the source, occurred around 80 to 30 ka years ago. There is significant value in understanding the causative factors contributing to such an enormous and rare event. On the basis of comprehensive field studies and laboratory investigations, it is concluded that erosional, structural, and depositional features within and surroundings of the Dangkhar landslide are critical for understanding landslide initiation and its long-term behavior.
The landslide developed as a block slide along a synformal flexure, and through-cutting lateral valleys fulfill the kinematic conditions for creating a massive removable block of earth. Deposits of weakly cemented and crudely bedded carbonate breccias in the landslide’s toe region represent depositional activity during recession of the main valley glacier, and cross-cutting structural relationships involving ground ruptures (lineaments) and rock glaciers in the head region record long-term, ongoing landslide deformations subsequent to its initiation. Stable isotope signatures of samples indicate presence of freshwater associated with the formation of breccia deposits.
While many details concerning the timing and development of the Dangkhar landslide remain unknown, recent studies illuminate some very important aspects. The glacial history of the Spiti valley combined with structural kinematics are clearly important factors concerning landslide development. Also important are constraints concerning the minimum age of landslide initiation after recession of a valley glacier, and structural evidence documenting long-term ongoing slope deformations.
Environmental Changes and Geomorphological Factors Influencing the Sediment Flux to a Coastal Lake Spanning the Deglacial- Early Holocene Period in East Antarctica
Authors: Mahesh, B.S. , Mello Cheryl Noronha E.D. , Nair Abhilash , Warrier Anish Kumar , Mohan Rahul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The geomorphological settings of the lakes in the coastal oases of East Antarctica play a significant role in the lake's response to the local and regional environment. A 63-cm radiocarbon-dated sediment core spanning between 18.7 and 7.2 cal ka BP was retrieved from Discussion Lake, Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica in order to understand the pathways of sediment transport and deposition and the mechanisms involved in response to changing environmental settings. This was achieved by analyzing the sedimentary sequence of this coastal lake for its grain size (sand-silt-clay) and organic matter content variations. Two cluster zones were identified viz., LZ1 (18.7 to 8.2 cal ka BP) and LZ2 (8.2 to 7.7 cal ka BP). LZ1 was dominated by fine-grained sediments (clay-silt), indicating wind and low meltwater influx influenced deposition of higher silt content. In addition, the lake during this period was in a moated or partially ice-free phases. On the other hand, coarser grains (sand) were predominant in LZ2 suggesting increased flux of the meltwater to the ice-free lake. Thus, the distinct shift in the sedimentary grains fractions (finer-to-coarser), indicated a change in environmental conditions of the lacustrine system, i.e., from an ice-covered lake to an ice-free lake in response to the regional warming trends and local geomorphological features. Furthermore, the environmental conditions, proximity of the lakes to coast or the ice-sheet, elevation and area, defines the sedimentological characteristics of the lake.