bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of UAV‐based tracking method for localization of small insects
Authors: Kim Bosung , Ju Chanyoung , Son Hyoung Il 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSmall invasive insects cause a reduction or disappearance of native insects, causing biodiversity problems. Therefore, tracking small insects is emerging as a method for biodiversity protection and ecosystem management; studies using tracking techniques, such as harmonic radar, RFID, and radio telemetry, are being conducted. A system using a mobile vehicle and a mobile robot that enhances the mobility of the existing passive tracking is currently being studied. We confirmed that radio telemetry is suitable for tracking insects by comparing the communication distance, weight, and lifespan of the transmitter in our previous study and developed a UAV‐based tracking method. In this study, we quantified the size of insects and conducted behavior, traceability, and field tests to verify the feasibility and performance of the developed system. We confirmed that the transmitter attachment did not affect the behavior of the insect, and the three‐dimensional movement of the insect did not affect the tracking performance. Furthermore, the tracking experiment was successfully conducted in a real environment. Thus, we quantitatively evaluated the performance of the proposed system and suggested a method to trace small‐sized insects.
Comparison of genomic prediction methods for residual feed intake in broilers
Authors: He Zhengxiao , Li Sen , Li Wei , Ding Jiqiang , Zheng Maiqing , Li Qinghe , Fahey Alan G. , Wen Jie , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping 
Published: March 2022

SummaryResidual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of the feed efficiency of animals. Previous studies have identified SNPs associated with RFI. The objective of this study was to compare the GBLUP model with the GA‐BLUP model including previously identified associated SNPs. The nine associated SNPs were obtained from the genome‐wide association study on a discovery population as preselection information. These models were analysed using ASREML software using a 5‐fold cross‐validation method on a validation population. With the genetic architecture (GA) matrix used, which was conducted with the nine RFI‐associated SNPs, the prediction accuracy of RFI was improved compared with the original GBLUP model. The calculated optimal ω was 0.981 for RFI, which is in line with the optimal range from 0.9 to 1.0 in the gradient test. The prediction accuracy increased by 2% in the GA‐BLUP model with ω being 0.981 compared with the GBLUP model. In conclusion, the GA‐BLUP with the nine RFI‐associated SNPs and an optimal ω can improve the prediction accuracy for a specific trait compared with GBLUP.
Validation of central nervous system‐induced seizures and other neurological variables in the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register
Authors: Westergren Hanna , Marell Hesla Helena , Altman Maria , Wickström Ronny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe sought to validate neurological variables and relevant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes in the Swedish Neonatal Quality (SNQ) Register.MethodsRegister data were collected for 351 neonates, born between January 2009 and December 2016, who were treated at a neonatal unit in the Stockholm region on 385 occasions. They were eligible if the check‐box for central nervous system (CNS)‐induced seizures was ticked. The Register data, including relevant ICD‐10 codes, were validated by checking the patients' electronic medical charts.ResultsMost of the neonates were born at term (76%) and weighed >2500 g (80%). The variable CNS‐induced seizures had a positive predictive value of 46%. The ICD‐10 diagnosis P90.9A had a positive predictive value of 90%. This comprises seizures validated with electroencephalography, amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography or continuous function monitoring. The majority of the associated neurological variables in the Register had positive predictive values above 85%.ConclusionWhen the check‐box was ticked for central nervous system‐induced seizures, most of the neurological variables in the Register had high validity. However, the CNS‐induced seizures variable per se had a lower positive predictive value. Future SNQ Register‐based studies of such neonatal seizures should also include ICD‐10 P90.9A.
Portuguese adolescents' cognitive well‐being and basic psychological needs during the COVID‐19 outbreak: A longitudinal study
Authors: Meireles Ana , Marques Sofia , Peixoto Maria Manuela , Sousa Mariana , Cruz Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConfinements and social distancing measures during COVID‐19 pandemic were particularly challenging to adolescents, impacting significantly their life and routines. Following a longitudinal design, this study sought to compare adolescents' cognitive well‐being—satisfaction with life, social support, and quality of life—before (T1) and during (T2) the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, it aimed to clarify the predictive value of the three dimensions of the cognitive well‐being to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of adolescents at school at T2. One thousand ninety‐nine Portuguese adolescents participated, showing generally increased scores in satisfaction with life, social support, and quality of life at T2. Even so, girls revealed lower changes in cognitive well‐being components compared with boys, between T1 and T2. In addition, satisfaction with life and quality of life were predictive of satisfaction of basic psychological needs at T2. This work highlights the relevance of cognitive well‐being as a dispositional dimension in determining the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in adolescence, during a worldwide catastrophic event.
Evaluating the success of a conservation reintroduction: The case of bull trout in the Wallowa River
Authors: Whitesel Timothy A. , DeHaan Patrick W. , Doyle Jeremiah , Adams Brice A. , Sankovich Paul M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBull trout in the Wallowa River watershed were considered extirpated in the 1950s. In 1997, bull trout from the adjacent Imnaha River watershed were reintroduced into the Wallowa River watershed. We evaluated whether bull trout are currently present in the Wallowa River watershed and, if so, whether they appear to be the result of the 1997 reintroduction. From 2010 to 2018, we captured 181 Salvelinus spp. The majority (64.5%) of these individuals were bull trout. Bull trout in the Wallowa River watershed were more genetically similar to those from the Imnaha River watershed (pairwise FST = 0.102) than to the other populations we examined. They also exhibited genetic evidence of a recent bottleneck (observed heterozygosity was 0.598, significantly greater than expected). Modeled estimates of size (541–581 mm), survival (<0.0001–0.0015 probability) and age (14–22 years) for the reintroduced fish indicated the bull trout captured in the Wallowa River watershed were unlikely to be remnants from 1997. These results suggest the 1997 reintroduction has resulted in natural reproduction and recolonization of bull trout in the Wallowa River watershed. Whether the abundance and genetic diversity of these bull trout is sufficient to allow the population to persist over an ecological time period is unclear.
Motor‐related health care for 5‐year‐old children born extremely preterm with movement impairments
Authors: Costa Raquel , Aubert Adrien M. , Seppänen Anna‐Veera , Ådén Ulrika , Sarrechia Lemke , Zemlin Michael , Cuttini Marina , Männamaa Mairi , Pierrat Véronique , van Heijst Arno , Barros Henrique , Johnson Samantha , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   the SHIPS research group
Published: March 2022

AimTo (1) determine the proportion of 5‐year‐old children born extremely preterm (EPT) with movement difficulties including cerebral palsy (CP) and the proportion of these children receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC), and (2) describe factors associated with receiving MRHC.MethodChildren born before 28 weeks’ gestation in 2011 to 2012 in 11 European countries were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2) at 5 years of age. Information on family characteristics, child health including CP diagnosis, and health care use were collected using parent‐report questionnaires. MRHC was defined as visits in the previous year with health care providers (physical and occupational therapists) specialized in assessing/treating motor problems. We analysed receipt of MRHC and associated factors among children at risk of movement difficulties (MABC‐2 score 6th–15th centiles), with significant movement difficulties (SMD; ≤5th centile) or with CP.ResultsOf 807 children assessed at 5 years 7 months (SD 4 months; 4 years 7 months–7 years 1 month), 412 were males (51.1%), 170 (21.1%) were at risk of movement difficulties, 201 (24.9%) had SMD, and 92 (11.4%) had CP. Those who received MRHC comprised 89.1% of children with CP, 42.8% with SMD, and 25.9% at risk of movement difficulties. MRHC for children with SMD varied from 23.3% to 66.7% between countries. Children were more likely to receive MRHC if they had other developmental problems or socioemotional, conduct, or attention difficulties.InterpretationEfforts are needed to increase MRHC for 5‐year‐old children born EPT with movement difficulties.What this paper adds

Children born extremely preterm without cerebral palsy frequently experienced motor difficulties.

Most of these children were not receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC).

Large geographical differences throughout Europe were observed in receipt of MRHC.

Socioemotional problems were related to MRHC use.
Digital Module 28: Unusual Things That Usually Occur in a Credentialing Testing Program
Authors: Feinberg Richard A. , Morrison Carol , Raymond Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormal graduate education in a measurement related field provides a solid foundation for professionals who work on credentialing examinations. Those foundational skills are then expanded and refined over time as practitioners encounter complex and nuanced challenges that were not covered by or go beyond the context described in textbooks. For instance, as most of us who work on operational testing programs are (sometimes) painfully aware, real data can be very messy. Often unanticipated situations arise that can create a range of problems from threats to score validity, to unexpected financial costs, and even longer‐term reputational damage. In practice, solutions for these unanticipated situations are not always straightforward, often requiring a compromise between psychometric best practices, business resources, and needs of the customer. In this module we discuss some of these unusual challenges that usually occur in a credentialing program. First, we provide a high‐level summary of the main components of the assessment lifecycle and the different roles within a testing organization. Next, we propose a framework for qualifying risk along with various considerations and potential actions for managing these challenges. Lastly, we integrate this information by presenting a few scenarios that can occur in practice that should help learners think though applicable team‐based problem‐solving and better align recommended action from a psychometric perspective given the context and magnitude of the challenge.
Does habitat complexity and prior residency influence aggression between invasive and native freshwater crayfish?
Authors: O'Hea Miller Sarah B. , Davis Andrew R. , Wong Marian Y. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAggressive encounters between invasive and native species are considered a key threat associated with the spread of invasive species. Extrinsic factors such as habitat complexity can profoundly influence the outcome of aggressive interactions between conspecifics, and this may also be the case in invasive‐native species interactions. This study used invasive and native freshwater crayfish species in Australia as a model system to investigate the influence of habitat complexity on aggression in both intraspecific and interspecific contests. Paired contests between the native Euastacus spinifer and the invasive Cherax destructor were conducted in the laboratory under high and low habitat complexity conditions. Furthermore, the influence of prior residency was examined, with one individual assigned the resident and the other as the intruder. In intraspecific contests, the number of interactions and aggression score were significantly reduced under high complexity conditions; however, complexity had no effect on the time spent interacting and contest outcome. Instead, the two crayfish species differed in terms of time spent interacting. In interspecific contests, complexity had no effect on any of the aggression metrics. Alarmingly, however, we demonstrate that when C. destructor was a resident the likelihood that E. spinifer won a contest fell to a mere 8% compared to 31% when E. spinifer was resident. This study suggests that while habitat complexity plays a role in shaping aggressive behaviour in intraspecific interactions, invasive species are competitively dominant if they are already established i.e. resident in a location and even as intruders. Therefore, preserving habitat complexity in freshwater systems may not be sufficient to sustain populations of native species, and other measures that mitigate the potential for range overlap between the species would also be needed to prevent the further spread of invasive species such as C. destructor within freshwater ecosystems.
Plantar osteochondral fragments in young Standardbreds are associated with minimal joint inflammation at the time of surgical removal
Authors: McCoy Annette M. , Secor Erica J. , Roady Patrick J. , Gray Sarah M. , Klein Julie , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlantar osteochondral fragments (POF) are common but their effect on joint health of young Standardbreds in race training is largely unknown.ObjectivesEvaluate the inflammatory effects of POF in metatarsophalangeal joints of young Standardbreds as a step towards developing evidence‐based recommendations for surgical removal.Study designCohort study.MethodsForty‐nine Standardbred horses (age 11‐33 months) presented for surgical removal of POF from 56 metatarsophalangeal joints. Synovial tissue collected at arthroscopy was subjected to histopathology. IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and PGE‐2 were measured in synovial fluid using ELISA. Digital arthroscopy images were scored for inflammation. Racing performance data were retrieved from a public database.ResultsMedian time in race training prior to surgery was 8 weeks (IQR 4‐12; range 0‐40). There was minimal evidence of synovial inflammation as assessed by histopathology (median total score 2/20, IQR 0‐2, range 0‐5) or arthroscopy (median average total score 2.67/15, IQR 1.79‐4, range 0‐8.83). IL‐1β was not detected in any sample. TNF‐α (median 0 pg/mL, IQR 0‐0) and PGE‐2 (median 56.6 pg/mL, IRQ 40.5‐99.8) were measured at low levels. Weeks in training prior to surgery was associated with the number of starts in the season after surgery (incidence rate ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.04,P = .03).Main limitationsSmall sample size from a single breed with a relatively short training time prior to surgery.ConclusionsThere was minimal evidence of synovial inflammation in the metatarsophalangeal joints in this population of young Standardbred horses with POF. It is possible that POF may result in a different inflammatory response than other fragments because they are generally well‐embedded in situ. These findings suggest that, in Standardbreds, race training can commence several weeks prior to surgical removal of POF with minimal detrimental effects on joint health, although further investigation of long‐term effects of POF on joint health is warranted.
Student loneliness through the pandemic: How, why and where?
Authors: Phillips Richard , Seaborne Katie , Goldsmith Angus , Curtis Natasha , Davies Adele , Haynes Will , McEnroe Rose , Murphy Nadia , O’Neill Lucy , Pacey Charlotte , Walker Edward , Wordley Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLoneliness has emerged as a problem for individuals and society. A group whose loneliness has recently grown in severity and visibility is students in higher education. Complementing media reports and surveys of students’ lockdown loneliness, this paper presents qualitative research findings on students loneliness during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It explores the how, why and where of student loneliness through research co‐produced with undergraduate and postgraduate students. Student‐researchers investigated loneliness as a function of relationships and interactions through self‐interviews and peer interviews (n = 46) and through objects, chosen by participants to represent their experiences of lockdown. This research led to three conclusions, each with a geographical focus. First, as the spaces in which students live and study were fragmented, interactions and relationships were disrupted. Second, students struggled to put down roots in their places of study. Without a sense of belonging—to the city and institution where they studied, and the neighbourhood and accommodation where they lived—they were more likely to experience loneliness. Third, many students were unable to progress through life transitions associated with late adolescence including leaving home, learning social skills, forming sexual relationships and emerging into adulthood. Those facing bigger changes such as bereavement struggled to process these events and spoke of feeling ‘neither here nor there’—in limbo. But students displayed resilience, finding ways to cope with and mitigate their loneliness. Their coping strategies speak to the efforts of policymakers and practitioners—including those in universities, government, health and wellbeing services, and accommodation services—who are seeking ways to tackle students' (and other peoples') loneliness.
Labour or lifestyle? Understanding urban incorporation of European middling migrants
Authors: Barwick Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the urban incorporation of British middling migrants in Berlin, expressed through residential choice, local belonging and local networks. So far, urban incorporation has rarely been studied systematically, as European migrants have often been viewed as free floaters who are not invested in their new place of residence. Based on interviews with British nationals in Berlin, the contribution advances the literature on intra‐European migration by bringing together labour‐ and lifestyle‐related migration research to fully account for the respondents’ migration experience and urban incorporation. Lifestyle‐related reasons figure strongly in the respondents’ decision to move to Berlin, as many were seeking a better way of life. For these migrants, characterized by high cultural capital, but less economic capital, the project of self‐realization is strongly tied to their professional careers. Their urban incorporation can only be fully understood when considering the entanglement of labour‐ and lifestyle‐related motives for migration.
Fermentation quality and protein fractions of four Pennisetum grass silages
Authors: Tian Jing , Shen Chengli , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to make good use of Pennisetum grasses to relieve the shortage of animal feed, the nutrients, silage fermentation quality, and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein fractions of Pennisetum spp. were evaluated in this study. Four Pennisetum cultivars of Reyan‐4, Mott, Guimu‐1, and MT‐1 were harvested at the first cut and second cut, and they were wilted and ensiled for the analyses of fermentation quality and protein fractions. The first‐cut grasses had higher crude protein (CP), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and lower detergent fiber contents than the second cut ones. Mott had higher CP content. Reyan‐4 and MT‐1 contained higher WSC contents, and their silages had lower pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) content, higher lactic acid content than Mott and Guimu‐1 silages. Wilting increased pH and NH3‐N contents and decreased lactic acid contents of both cut silages. The CNCPS analysis showed that fresh MT‐1 of either first or second cut had more evenly distributed protein fractions than other three grasses. Wilting and ensiling increased nonprotein nitrogen contents and decreased unavailable protein contents of four grasses. Four cultivars at the first cut contained more CP and less fiber than those at the second cut. Reyan‐4 and MT‐1 had better fermentation quality of silage than Mott and Guimu‐1; the latter might need additives to improve fermentation quality at ensiling.
The socioemotional challenges and consequences for caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with otitis media: A qualitative study
Authors: Campbell Letitia , Reath Jennifer , Hu Wendy , Gunasekera Hasantha , Askew Deborah , Watego Chelsea , Kong Kelvin , Walsh Robyn , Doyle Kerrie , Leach Amanda , Tyson Claudette , Abbott Penelope 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionLiving with ear disease can have extensive impacts on physical, emotional and social well‐being. This study explored otitis media (OM) and its management from the perspective of caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted from 2015 to 2020 with caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with OM. Thematic analysis of transcripts was undertaken using a constructivist grounded theory approach through the leadership and the cultural lens of an Aboriginal community‐based researcher.ResultsCaregivers described OM as having profound impacts on their child's physical, developmental, and emotional well‐being, with long waits for specialist treatment contributing to extra strain on families. Children's well‐being suffered when OM was mistaken for poor behaviour and children were punished, with caregivers subsequently experiencing strong feelings of guilt. Concerns were conveyed about the social implications of having a sick child. The variable nature of OM symptoms meant that caregivers had to monitor closely for sequelae and advocate for appropriate treatment. Success in navigating the diagnosis and treatment of OM can be strongly impacted by the relationship between caregivers and health professionals and the perceived access to respectful, collaborative and informative healthcare.ConclusionOM may have substantial social and emotional consequences for children and their caregivers. A holistic understanding of the way in which OM impacts multiple facets of health and well‐being, as well as recognition of challenges in accessing proper care and treatment, will aid families managing OM and its sequelae.Patient or Public ContributionGoverning boards, managers, staff and community members from five Australian Aboriginal Medical Services were involved in the approval, management and conduct of this study and the wider clinical trials. The caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients at these services informed the interview study and guided its purpose.