bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa Study, 1981
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1 yr old stand of Saranac AR at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, OH was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractoi-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 x 60 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 6 inches tall at treatment and 24 inches tall at the completion of the study. Cygon was the standard.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1980
Authors: HelIman John L. , Curtis William , Levesque Kevin , Bassow Fern , Frishman Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at Beltsville on a 1-yr-old stand of alfalfa. Damage was severe (100%) and pre-counts averaged 105 larvae/sweep. Treatment plots were 10 ft x 15 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pre-counts and treatments were made on May 6. Sprays were applied with a CO2 back pack boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 30 psi with hollow cone nozzles. Post-treatment counts were taken on May 10 and were based on 2 dip sweeps of a 15 inch standard net per plot.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Kentucky 1981
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental area was in a 3-yr-old stand of Buffalo variety alfalfa. The plots were 68 ft x 68 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty gal of spray was applied. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 TeeJet jozzIes and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of the leafhopper were determined! 2, 7, 15, and 22 days following treatment by collecting 25 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15 inch net. Treatments were applied Jun 17.
Topical Toxicity of Soil Insecticides to Western Corn Rootworm Adults in NE, 1981
Authors: Ball Harold J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Western corn rootworm beetles were collected between Jul 13 and Aug 6 from corn at 19 geographical sites throughout NE and returned to the laboratory in Lincoln for testing. Mean weights for beetles from each collection site were determined prior to tretment. Unsexed beetles were individually treated by topical application of 1 ml of an acetone solution of the test insecticides to the posterior ventral abdominal area. Beetles were anesthesized with CO2 prior to treatment. Treatment solutions were prepared with reagent grade acetone using technical grade insecticides. Six to eignt dosages, plus an acetone check, were used to determine 2 hr LD50. values for all insecticides from all collection sites; 2 replicates of 10 insects each were used for each dosage rate tested. Insects were declared dead if they could not regain their footing 2 hr post-treatment. Dosage-mortality data were calculated in mg/g of insect weight using a FORTRAN computer program.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Bruss R. G. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm soil insecticide test plots were established at 6 Iowa locations in 1980. The experimental design for root-protection trials was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Inwood, Nashua and Newell (planted May 6, May 2 and May 15 in 38 inch, 30 inch and 30 inch rows) had single-row treatments, 50 ft long. Atlantic, Cresco, Johnston (planted May 8, May 9, and May 5 in 38 inch, 38 inch, and 30 inch rows) had double-row treatments 200 ft long. Yield tests at Nashua and Newell had double-row treatments 50 ft long which were replicated 12 times. The yield trial at Inwood had only 8 replications. Granules were applied in furrow or as a 7 inch band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on the planter. Liquids were banded with a self-contained small plot sprayer. All materials were delivered in front of the press wheels and incorporated with drag chains. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each row and rating the damage with the Iowa 1-6 scale. Yield was determined by combining 1/250 acre at Nashua and hand-picking 1/500 acre at Inwood at Newell. All yields were converted to bu/acre of number 2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture.
Control of Boll Weevils in Cotton with Insect Growth Regulators, 1981
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D. F. , Rogers R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 8 row x 50 ft plots, arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates and 25 ft alleys. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with an auxiliary compressed air system with 2x3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 gpa of total solution. The oil treatments were applied in 2 gal of water and 0.5 gal of Dimoil. Six treatments were applied, beginning at early pinhead square stage on May 22 and ending on Jun 25. To evaluate the performance of the respective treatments, 25 1/3-grown squares per plot that had boll weevil egg-laying punctures were collected and placed in brown paper bags. The bags were placed on trays of moist sand and held for rearing 9-10 days.
Insecticide Treatments for Bollworm Control, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 on Loring silt loam soil at the West Tennessee Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots were oversprayed Jun 10 with Bidrin to suppress thrips and aphids. Insecticides were applied Aug 4, 20, 29, Sep 4 and 11 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. The number of bollworm damaged squares per 13 row ft was counted in each plot Sep 9-10. The number of bollworm damaged bolls per 6 row ft was counted Oct 21 in 3 replicates. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested Nov 9 and 25.
Fescue, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to an established fescue pasture using 0.25 acre plots. The insecticides tested were applied on Jul 22 and evaluations made at 24 hr considering the high mobility of the insects under test. Most grasshoppers were 3rd and 4th instar redlegged grasshoppers. Finished sprays were applied to plots at 12 gpa and 40 psi. Materials were applied with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PT0 roller pump. Temperature at time of treatment was 87°F and fescue was ca 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 sweeps per plot. Each sweep of a 15 inch net was 180 while moving briskly forward. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Means presented in table are of actual counts. The data were transformed by for statistical evaluation.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper and Green Leafhopper Control on Rice, 1980
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Bailio R. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four replications of 1 45-day-old plant each were sprayed with 6.25 ml of a 0.075% spray solution (equivalent to 0.75 kg ai/ha at a spray volume of 1,000 liters/ha and a 25 x 25 cm plant spacing) using a fine drop atomizer while revolving on a turntable. Treated plants were placed in a room at a temperature of 27 t 2°C. After treatment, plants were covered with mylar film cages. Twenty adult insects of each species were placed in each cage at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DT). Mortality readings were taken 48 hr after placing the insects on the treated plants after which the insects were removed.
Sorghum Midge Control, 1981
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funk’s G522DR was planted in Cecil loamy clay soil by conventional tillage methods on Jun 10 in Pike Co., GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows with a row spacing of 91 cm and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1 m alleys. Sprays were applied with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 280 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. The initial application was made on Aug 11 when plants were flowering and 4-5 adults/head were observed. A second application followed 3 days later. Spray was directed to opposite sides of heads to insure thorough coverage. Effectiveness of control was evaluated on Sep 4 by visually rating (0-9) midge damage on 20 randomly selected heads in each plot. Treatments were replicated 4X in a RCB experimental design.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Sorghum, 1981
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four tests evaluated the effectiveness of several materials in preventing damage to seedling and whorl-stage sorghum by lesser cornstalk borer larvae. All tests were planted with Funk’s G522DR by conventional tillage methods in Cecil loamy clay soil. Test 1 was planted on Jun 17 behind a winner Crimson clover crop. Tests 2 and 3 were planted behind wheat on Jun 24. Test 4 was planted on Jul 30 following sweet corn. Tests 1-3 were located in Pike Co., GA, while Test 4 was located near Griffin in Spalding Co. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows with a row spacing of 91 cm and were separated by 1 untreated row and 1-m alleys. Sprays were directed over the rows with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 468 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. Granules were applied over the rows with a 2-wheeled hand-pulled applicator. Materials were applied immediately after planting in Tests 2-4. A simulated chain drag was used to incorporate toxicants into the soil in these tests. Treatments were applied on Jun 24 in Test 1 when plants were in the seedling stage. Treatments were replicated 4X in a RCB experimental design in Tests 1, 2, and 4. Test 3 incorporated a split plot RCB design with 4 replications. In this test, whole plot treatments consisted of either burning or not burning wheat straw residue before tillage. Subplots were individual insecticide treatments. Control was evaluated in all tests by examining 50 randomly selected plants/plot for lesser cornstalk borer larvae or damage 2 or 4 weeks after treatment.
Insect Control on Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN, on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied Jul 20 to plots 54 x 54 ft (0.05 acre) in a randomized block design with 4 replications using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure. Insect populations were sampled 1 and 7 days after spraying by taking 100 pendulum sweeps/plot with a 15 inch dia sweep net. All treatments except Thuricide controlled potato leafhopper and all treatments appeared effective against green cloverworm larvae. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Tretments on Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Dobrin Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ninety plots were located 3 miles west of Hebron, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30 inch centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 30 treatments. Treatments were applied on aug 18, with a 4-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 52.1 mls/sec at 40 psi, calculated to 29.9 gal/acre rate). Spray nozzles were TeeJet TX5 Brass Tip. Weather conditions at time of application were: mostly clear, ca 85°F, humid, with a slight breeze. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled with a 15 inch dia sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on aug 13 (pre-treatment), Aug 19 (1 day post-treatment), Aug 25 (7 days post-treatment), and Sep 1 (14 days post-treatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae and bean leaf beetle (BLB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Soybeans were hand harvested on Sep 30.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control with Systemic Insecticide-Nematicides, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. , Hayes R. W. , Chambers A. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essex variety soybean was planted May 8 at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Bedford variety (resistant to races 1, 3, and 4 of the soybean cyst nematode Heteroderaglycines) was planted as a nematode resistant check. Subplots were two 40 inch rows by 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a split plot design. The soil type was a Memphis silt loam (0-M.:1.1456; pH:6.1). Soil moisture was good with 1.12 inches of rain during the week following planting. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow or in an incorporated 8 inch band in front of the planter sword. Furadan 4F (2.0 lb ai/acre) was applied in an 8 inch band behind the press wheel at 8.9 gal of spray per acre. Lexone herbicide was applied pre-emergence to specified main plots in 20 gal of spray per acre (8003 tips, 30 psi, and 4 mph). Nematode populations were below damaging levels. Beetle counts were made 3 weeks after planting by counting the number of dead bean leaf beetle (BLB) in 3 ft of row in each row. Sub-plots were harvested Oct 7 and yields expressed as bu/acre at 13% moisture.
Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control in Soybean, 1980
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Bishton Michael C. , Davis Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling corn earworms and green cloverworms. Insecticides were applied on Aug 29 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Harold Delano Farm in Richmond County near Warsaw, VA. Individual plots were 4 rows 50 ft long spaced 2.5 ft apart. A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 26.5 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 3 and 7 days after application by comparing the number of corn earworms and green cloverworms per 20 sweeps (15 inch dia net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Glabrous and Pubescent Soybean Isolines, 1981
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Higgins R. , Pedigo L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of 3 soil-incorporated, systemic insecticides in potato leafhopper (PLH) control was evaluated in 124 plots near Ames, IA. Soil type was a poorly drained, Coland clay loam. The 29 treatments and 2 checks were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Plots, each measuring 8 m x 4 rows (76 cm centers), were planted on May 13. Granular insecticides were applied at planting by 1 of 3 methods (surface band, in-furrow, or deep furrow) to either the glabrous (= susceptible) or pubescent (= resistant) Clark var. isoline. A 2 row buffer of the glabrous isoline surrounded each plot. Emergence occurred on May 25. Precipitation during May and Jun totalled 2.5 cm and 10.4 cm respectively, which is well below normal levels of 11.4 cm and 14.7 cm, respectively. Phytotoxicity ratings and stand counts were taken 15 days post-emergence. Adult PLH were sampled using a D-Vac vacuum insect net (.09 m2 sampling cone) with 8 subsampIes/plot. Adult samples (18, 32, 46, and 66 days post-emergence) were taken on Jun 11-12 (1-trifollate stage), Jun 26 (6-trifoliate stage), Jul 10 (full bloom), and Jul 30 (beginning pod formation). Yield response was assessed on Oct 7 by harvesting 6 row m/plot.
Green Peach Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1981
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘McNair 944’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 4 ft rows with 20 inch row spacing on May 12. Treatment plots, 20 ft (12 plants) x 4 ft (1 row), were separated on each side by untreated border rows and they were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 5 times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer, 3 nozzles/row, 60 gal/acre, 60 psi and TG-3 solid cone nozzles in Jul. Four of the insecticides tested were applied alone and in combination with Ortho X77 spreader sticker at 0.5 pt/acre. Green peach aphids were counted on 2 upper leaves (ca 18 inches long) of 5 plants/plot, at 1 day pre-treatment and 3 and 12 days post-treatment. Tobacco flea beetles were counted on 5 plants/plot at 12 days post-treatment.
Control of Green Peach Aphid and Tobacco Budworm on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1981
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco ‘Madole’ was transplanted on May 22 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Sprays were applied on a 14 day schedule for a total of 5 applications beginning Jun 10. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer using a 10 row boom with 1 full-cone nozzle per row which delivered 20 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plots were 125 x 10 rows (42 inch spacing) with 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys, and plants were spaced 36 inches within rows. Budworm counts were based on the average number/100 plants. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Soil type was Mountview silt loam at pH 6.6.
Aphid Control on Irrigated Spring Wheat, 1981
Authors: Pike K. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two trials were conducted at the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser. In the 1st trial, wheat plots at the milky-ripe stage of growth were treated with foliar applied insecticides on Jun 10. In the 2nd trial, wheat in the dough stage was treated June 17. All treatments were made with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 898 liters/ha at 276 KPa (96 gpa at 40 psi). Temperatures at the time of application were 18°C and 19°C for the 1st and 2nd trials, respectively. Plots were 1 x 9 m, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design in each trial. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 5 or 10 randomly selected wheat heads from each plot at pretreatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
A Program for Two-Way Anova and Duncan’s New Multiple-Range Test on a Small, Programmable Calculator
Authors: Johnson Eric M. , Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nelson (I & A Tests, 1:4-9) explained the importance of the role of statistics in Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. Since then, statistical analysis of data included in the reports has become the rule rather than the exception. C. W. Averre’s (I & A Tests, 2:7-10) contribution of a program for a two-way analysis of variance on a Texas Instrument SR52 calculator was instrumental in this increase. Since his publication, the SR52 has been replaced by the Tl programmable 59. The TI59 is similar to the SR52 in that programs can e stored on magnetic cards. However, the TI59 has the capacity to program up to 960 steps (compared with the SR52’S 223) and solid state software library modules are available that can be inserted in the back of the calculator. The TI59 lists for $237.50 but is available from many sources for under $200. The modules list for $40. the same printer used with the SR52 may be used with the TI59.
Western Spruce Budworm Aerial Field Test, 1979
Authors: Markin George P. , Johnson David R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides, Pounce, Imidan, and Sevin 4-oil, were each applied at 3 dosage rates against 4th and 5th instar larvae of the western spruce budworm in central Montana, July 3-10. Pounce and Imidan were each mixed with water for a total applied volume of 1 gai/acre with 0.1% rhodamine dye added as a marking agent. The chemicals were applied with 8002-flat fan nozzle tips from a helicopter 50 ft above treetops at 45 mph. Spray plots were 50 acres in size and at 5500-6000 ft elevation. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate, with 5 additional plots for each chemical left untreated as checks. Larval populations from 15 Douglas-fir trees in each plot were measured before spray and at 3 intervals after spray. Defoliation was assessed from the same sample trees when more than 50% pupation had occurred. Although Sevin 4-oil (carbaryl) currently is registered at 1 lb ai/acre for control of the western spruce budworm, tests of lower dosage rates were conducted. Procedures and design were the same as for the 2 new chemicals, except the Sevin 4-oil was mixed in diesel fuel and applied at a total volume of 0.5 gal/acre by Beecomist nozzles.
Spruce Spider Mite Control on American Arborvitae, Richland Co., Ohio, 1980
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thuja occidental is (2.5-3 m high) growing in a nursery on 1.2 m centers in 2 rows ca 150 m long were used to evaluate acaricides against spruce spider mite, Oligonychusununguis (Jacobi). The block was also used in 1979 for a similar test, but trees treated previously were not used in 1980. Treatments were assigned to trees randomly, but an effort was made to distribute each treatment over the entire experimental area. Treatments were applied using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpms and delivering 420 ml/min. Six plants were sprayed with each treatment for 60 sec on Aug 29 under sunny skies at 24-26°C and an 8-16 kph breeze. On Sep 9, 3 of the plants in each treatment were sprayed again as above. Ambient temperature was 21°C with partly cloudy skies and a slight breeze. Rain occurred ca 45 min after application. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 2,3, and 4 weeks after the first application, during each evaluation, 10 branch ends 15-18 cm, long were selected from each tree from between 1 and 2 m above ground and transported in plastic bags in an air conditioned vehicle to the laboratory. Twenty-five tips (5 - 7.5 cm long), comprising ca 400 cm , were clipped from the 10 Branch ends from each tree for population assessment. Each tip was passed through a mite brush 6 times to dislodge mites on to a rotary glass plate coated with Tween-20. Living and dead nymphs and adults trapped on 8 of 12 equal sections on the plate were counted. Counts were multiplied by 1.5 to calculate mites/unit area of foliage. Each evaluation required collection of foliage from ca half of the trees during a morning, drying foliage in the laboratory, and processing the samples the same day. This procedure minimized mite mortality during the evaluation process. Sample collection each day required 1 man-hour; each sample (rep) was processed in 0.5 man-hours
Insecticide Efficacy Against Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Massachusetts Golf Course, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four granular insecticides were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle grubs on a golf course rough in Bolton, MA. All materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar, with applications made in 2 directions within each 3.05 m square plot. All tests were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 2 cm water was applied to the area immediately after materials were applied. Insecticides were applied either on Aug 12 or Sep 9. All plots were sampled on Oct 1. A 0.093 sq m section of sod, ca 7.5 cm deep, was removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.