bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing petrogenetic models for contemporaneous mafic and felsic to intermediate magmatism within the “Newer Granite” suite of the Scottish and Irish Caledonides
Authors: Archibald Donnelly B. , Murphy J. Brendan , Fowler Mike , Strachan Robin A. , Hildebrand Robert S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Granitoid batholiths dominated by felsic to intermediate compositions are commonly associated with mafic plutons and enclaves; however, the genetic relationship between the apparently coeval but compositionally dissimilar magmas is unclear. Here, we reviewed the age and lithogeochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of some classic plutonic rocks emplaced in the Northern Highlands, Grampian and Connemara terranes of the Caledonide orogen of Scotland and Ireland. The Northern Highlands terrane consists mostly of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Moine Supergroup and is located north of the Great Glen fault. The Grampian terrane also consists of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks (Dalradian Supergroup) and is located south of the Great Glen fault in both Scotland and Ireland. Amphibolite-facies metasedimentary rocks in the Connemara terrane are correlated with the Dalradian Supergroup, and the terrane is bounded by splays of the Highland Boundary and Southern Uplands faults. These three terranes were intruded by Silurian–Devonian mafic and felsic to intermediate plutonic rocks that display field evidence for mingling and mixing and have a similar range (between ca. 437 and 370 Ma) in emplacement ages. This range implies they were intruded during and after the late Caledonian Scandian orogenic event that resulted from the mid- to late Silurian collision of amalgamated Avalonia and Baltica with Laurentia and the final closure of the Iapetus Ocean. Our review supports the contention that the Great Glen fault represents a major compositional boundary in the Silurian lithosphere. Felsic to intermediate plutons that occur north of the Great Glen fault are more enriched in light rare earth elements and Ba-Sr-K compared to those to the south. Isotopic compositions of these late Caledonian plutonic rocks on both sides of the Great Glen fault indicate that metasomatism and enrichment of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Northern Highlands terrane occurred just prior to emplacement of late Caledonian plutons. Within the same terrane, mafic and felsic to intermediate rocks display similar trace-element and rare earth element concentrations compatible with models implying that fractionation of a mafic magma played an important role in generating the felsic to intermediate magmas. The onset of slab failure magmatism may have been diachronous along the length of the collision zone. If so, slab failure may have propagated laterally, possibly initiating where promontories collided.
Mercury enrichments during the Carnian Pluvial Event (Late Triassic) in South China
Authors: Zhao He , Grasby Stephen E. , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Lei , Liu Yongsheng , Chen Zhong-Qiang , Hu Zhaochu , Huang Yuangeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) was an interval marked by global climatic and environmental change, along with biotic turnover, which occurred during the early Late Triassic. Although the causes and consequences of this event remain unclear, one possible scenario is enhanced volcanism injecting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, perturbing the global carbon cycle, and negatively impacting the global environment. However, there is an underlying challenge in showing a true cause- and-effect relationship between volcanism and the CPE, as both the sedimentary and volcanic records are difficult to date accurately enough to demonstrate temporal correspondence. However, mercury (Hg) can be used to fingerprint catastrophic volcanism in the sedimentary record. We examined two sections that record the CPE at Laishike and Wayao in Guizhou Province, southwest China, which display high Hg contents along with spikes of Hg/total organic content (TOC), Hg/Al, Hg/total sulfur (TS), and Hg/(Mo/Al) during the CPE that indicate a shift to excess Hg loading. These Hg anomalies are correlative with the global negative excursion in δ13Ccarb values at the CPE, which suggests that increased volcanism injected both massive amounts of Hg and isotopically light carbon into the atmosphere, and these were ultimately recorded in marine sediments. This interpretation is supported by slightly negative or near-zero Δ199Hg values that are consistent with a volcanic Hg source. Our study supports the hypothesis that enhanced volcanism played a major role in the evolution of biota and the environment during the CPE.
Josephson Spin-Valve Realization in the Magnetic Nodal-Line Topological Semimetal Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Shvetsov O. O. , Barash Yu. S. , Timonina A. V. , Kolesnikov N. N. , Deviatov E. V. 
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) is regarded as a candidate for the magnetic topological nodal line semimetal. We investigate lateral electron transport between two 3 μm spaced superconducting In leads beneath a thick three-dimensional FGT exfoliated flake. At a low temperature of 30 mK, we observe Josephson supercurrent that exhibits unusual critical current Ic suppression by the magnetic field B. The overall Ic(B) pattern is asymmetric in respect of the sign of the magnetic field B. We demonstrate, that the asymmetry is defined by the magnetic field sweep direction, so the Ic(B) pattern is strictly reversed (as magnetic field reversal) for the opposite sweeps. We also observe an interplay between maximum and minimum in Ic(B) in normal magnetic fields, while there are fast aperiodic Ic(B) fluctuations for the in-plane ones. These effects cannot be expected for homogeneous superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junctions, while they are known for Josephson spin valves. The mostly possible scenario for Josephson spin valve realization in FGT is the misalignment of spin polarizations of the Fermi arc surface states and ferromagnetic FGT bulk, but we also discuss possible influence of spin-dependent transport between magnetic domains.
Angle closure extent, anterior segment dimensions and intraocular pressure
Authors: Porporato Natalia , Chong Rachel , Xu Benjamin Y , Tun Tin A , Quah Joanne HuiMin , Tan Marcus , Baskaran Mani , Cheng Ching Yu , Aung Tin 
Published: March 2022

AimTo investigate the association between the extent of iridotrabecular contact and other quantitative anterior segment dimensions measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; CASIA SS-1000, Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) with intraocular pressure (IOP).MethodsCross-sectional study. All subjects who were ≥50 years with no history of glaucoma, ocular surgery or trauma, underwent SS-OCT imaging (eight equally spaced radial scans), Goldman applanation tonometry and gonioscopy on the same day. We measured iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index and area, total volume of trabeculo-iris space area and angle opening distance at 500 and 750 from the scleral spur (TISA 500 and 750, AOD 500 and 750, respectively), anterior chamber depth (ACD), volume, area and width, pupil diameter, lens vault and iris volume.Their relationship with IOP (dependent variable) was assessed by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (Lowess) regression with change-point analysis and generalised additive models adjusted for confounders.Results2027 right eyes of mostly Chinese Singaporeans (90%) were analysed. ITC index above a threshold of ~60% (95% CI 34% to 92%) was significantly associated with higher IOP. Independent of the extent of ITC, ACD was also significantly associated with higher IOP below a threshold of 2.5 mm (95% CI 2.33 mm to 2.71 mm). Greater ITC index and shallower ACD had a joint association with IOP. A model including ACD and ITC index was more predictive of IOP than a model considering these variables separately, particularly for women with gonioscopically closed angles (R252.7%, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe extent of angle closure and the ACD below a certain threshold had a significant joint association with IOP. These parameters, as biometrical surrogates of mechanical obstruction of the aqueous outflow, may jointly contribute to elevated IOP, particularly in women with gonioscopic angle closure.
Rural longitudinal integrated clerkships and medical workforce outcomes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Beattie Jessica , Binder Marley J , Fuller Lara 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe shortage of doctors in rural locations is an international problem, contributing to limited access to healthcare and a health disparity between rural and metropolitan populations. To encourage additional doctors to work in rural locations, more doctors than ever are being trained in rural settings. One rural clerkship model that is gaining recognition for fostering rural careers is the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship. Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship programmes vary in terms of settings and durations, but at their core have the fundamental commonality of continuity, with students learning the curriculum in an integrated manner. The scoping review will synthesise the literature pertaining to medical workforce outcomes of rural Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship programmes, to uncover areas that require further research and establish elements of medical education programme design that positively influence rural workforce outcomes.Methods and analysisThe review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s six step scoping review framework. MEDLINE, CINAHL complete (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Embase (Elsevier) and ISI Web of Science databases will be searched along with Google, Google Scholar, ProQuest and WHO library database. Single design studies examining the geographic work locations and/or medical specialty of rural Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship graduates will be included. Data from quantitative and mixed-methods studies will be included. Only studies written in English will be included. There will be no date range restriction imposed on the reviewed studies. Two reviewers will independently screen and critically appraise the articles to determine if they meet the inclusion criteria. Data from eligible studies will be extracted for synthesis.Ethics and disseminationScoping reviews do not require ethics approval. Results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and may be presented at relevant conferences. The findings will also be shared within the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship community of medical educators.
Ultrasound combined with nanobubbles promotes systemic anticancer immunity and augments anti-PD1 efficacy
Authors: Hu Jianjun , He Jiangyi , Wang Yunlong , Zhao Yang , Fang Kejing , Dong Yan , Chen Yanrong , Zhang Yue , Zhang Chi , Wang Hongwei , Tan Jun , Wang Junyi , Zi Ruiyang , Liu Chengxiang , Liang Houjie , Guo Yanli , Ou Juanjuan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe poor immunogenicity of solid tumors limits the efficacy ofanti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1)-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); thus, less than 30% of patients with cancer exhibit a response. Currently, there is still a lack of effective strategies for improving tumor immunogenicity.MethodsThe antitumor effect of ultrasound-stimulated nanobubbles (USNBs) alone and in combination with an anti-PD1 antibody was evaluated in RM1 (prostate cancer), MC38 (colon cancer) and B16 (melanoma) xenograft mouse models. The phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release, antigen release and tumor cell necrosis were assessed via western blot, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy.ResultsUSNB promoted the infiltration and antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells. The combination of USNB and anti-PD1 blockade improved systemic antitumor immunity and resulted in an abscopal effect and long-term immune memory protection after complete tumor remission. Mechanistically, tumor-targeting USNB induced tumor cell necrosis through an ultrasound-mediated cavitation effect, which significantly increased DAMP release and tumor antigen presentation, consequently sensitizing tumors to ICB treatment.ConclusionThe administration of USNB increased tumor immunogenicity by remodeling the tumor-immune microenvironment, providing a promising strategy for sensitizing poorly immunogenic solid tumors to immunotherapy in the clinic.
Nonlinear waves in a hot, viscous and non-extensive quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Sarwar Golam , Hasanujjaman Md. , Bhattacharyya Trambak , Rahaman Mahfuzur , Bhattacharyya Abhijit , Alam Jan-e 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of the non-extensive statistics on the nonlinear propagation of perturbations have been studied within the scope of relativistic second order dissipative hydrodynamics with non-extensive equation of state. We have shown that the equations, describing the propagation of nonlinear waves under such situation admit solutions similar to that of KdV-type (Korteweg–De Vries) equations. Apart from their preserved solitonic behaviour the dissipative nature of these waves are also observed. The waves with larger amplitude and width dissipate less and propagate faster and these waves deplete more for both smaller values of Tsallis parameter (q) and temperature (T) of the medium. For vanishingly small transport coefficients the nonlinear waves show breaking nature. These findings suggest that the nature of the propagation of the nonlinear waves may serve as a good probe to differentiate between the extensive and non-extensive thermodynamic nature of a fluid, such as the quark-gluon plasma, produced in relativistic nuclear collisions.
Revisiting $$K \rightarrow \pi a$$ decays
Authors: Guerrera A. W. M. , Rigolin S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe theoretical calculation for pseudo-scalars hadronic decays $$K \rightarrow \pi a$$

K
→
π
a

is reviewed. While one-loop penguin contributions are usually considered, tree-level processes have most often been overlooked in literature. Following the Lepage–Brodsky approach the tree-level contribution to the charged and neutral pseudo-scalar decay in ALP is estimated. Assuming generic ALP couplings to SM fermions, the latest NA62/E949 results for the $$K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ a$$

K
+

→

π
+

a

decay and the present/future KOTO results for the $$K^0_L \rightarrow \pi ^0 a$$

K
L
0

→

π
0

a

decay are used to provide updated bounds on the ALP-fermion Lagrangian sector. Finally, the interplay between the tree-level and one-loop contributions is investigated.
Documented β-Lactam Allergy and Risk for Cesarean Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Johnston Courtney , Godecker Amy , Shirley Daniel , Antony Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To examine the relationship between documented β-lactam allergy and cesarean delivery (CD) surgical site infection (SSI). Study Design. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women who underwent CD at Ben Taub Hospital and Texas Children’s Pavilion for Women (Houston, TX) from August 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019. The primary exposure was a documented β-lactam allergy, and the second exposure of interest was the type of perioperative antibiotic received. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI. Maternal characteristics were stratified by the presence or absence of a documented β-lactam allergy, and significance was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical variables and

t

-test for continuous variables. A logistic regression model estimated odds of SSI after adjusting for possible confounders. Results. Of the 12,954 women included, 929 (7.2%) had a documented β-lactam allergy while 12,025 (92.8%) did not. Among the 929 women with a β-lactam allergy, 495 (53.3%) received non-β-lactam perioperative prophylaxis. SSI occurred in 38 (4.1%) of women who had a β-lactam allergy versus 238 (2.0%) who did not (

p
≤
0.001

). β-Lactam allergy was associated with higher odds of SSI compared to no allergy (

adjusted

odds

ratio

aOR

=
1.97

;

95
%
confidence

interval

CI

=
1.24

-3.14;

p
=
0.004

) after controlling for age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, delivery body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, intra-amniotic infection in labor, duration of membrane rupture, preterm delivery, delivery indication, diabetes, hypertension, group B Streptococcus colonization, and type of perioperative antibiotic received. Conclusion. The presence of a β-lactam allergy is associated with increased odds of developing a CD SSI after controlling for possible confounders, including the type of perioperative antibiotic received.
A Head‐to‐Head Comparison of a Free Fatty Acid Formulation of Omega‐3 Pentaenoic Acids Versus Icosapent Ethyl in Adults With Hypertriglyceridemia: The ENHANCE‐IT Study
Authors: Maki Kevin C. , Bays Harold E. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Underberg James A. , Kastelein John J. P. , Johnson Judith B. , Ferguson James J. , Bays Harold , Blomer Allison , Kelley Kathleen , Patel Alpa , Scott John K , Surowitz Ronald Z , Toth Philip D , Trivedi Rupal 
Published: March 2022

Background
MAT9001 is an omega‐3 free fatty acid (FFA) formulation containing mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Compared with icosapent ethyl (EPA‐ethyl esters [EE]), EPA+DPA‐FFA previously showed enhanced triglyceride lowering and higher plasma EPA when both were administered once daily with a very–low fat diet. This trial compared pharmacodynamic responses and plasma omega‐3 levels following twice daily dosing, with meals, of EPA+DPA‐FFA and EPA‐EE in hypertriglyceridemic subjects consuming a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet.

Methods and Results

This open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover trial, with 28‐day treatment periods separated by ≥28‐day washout, was conducted at 8 US centers and included 100 subjects with fasting triglycerides 1.70 to 5.64 mmol/L (150–499 mg/dL) (median 2.31 mmol/L [204 mg/dL]; 57% women, average age 60.3 years). The primary end point was least squares geometric mean percent change from baseline plasma triglycerides. In the 94 subjects with analyzable data for both treatment periods, EPA+DPA‐FFA and EPA‐EE reduced least squares geometric mean triglycerides from baseline: 20.9% and 18.3%, respectively (
P
=not significant). EPA+DPA‐FFA reduced least squares geometric mean high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein by 5.8%; EPA‐EE increased high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein by 8.5% (
P
=0.034). EPA+DPA‐FFA increased least squares geometric mean plasma EPA, DPA, and total omega‐3 (EPA+docosahexaenoic acid+DPA) concentrations by 848%, 177%, and 205%, respectively, compared with corresponding changes with EPA‐EE of 692%, 140%, and 165% (all
P
<0.001). EPA+DPA‐FFA increased docosahexaenoic acid by 1.7%; EPA‐EE decreased docosahexaenoic acid by 3.3% (
P
=0.011). Lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein responses did not differ between treatments.

Conclusions
EPA+DPA‐FFA raised plasma EPA, DPA, and total omega‐3 significantly more than did EPA‐EE. EPA+DPA‐FFA also reduced triglycerides and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein without increasing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04177680.
Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety and the risk for mental health disorders in adolescent offspring: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort
Authors: Morales-Munoz Isabel , Ashdown-Doel Brooklyn , Beazley Emily , Carr Camilla , Preece Cristina , Marwaha Steven 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The impacts of postnatal psychiatric disorders on different types of mental health problems in offspring are unclear. We investigated the prospective associations of maternal postnatal depression, and anxiety, with offspring depression, anxiety, psychotic-like experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms, in adolescence, and examined whether these were independent of each other. Methods: Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety at 8 weeks were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Crown-Crisp Index, respectively. Offspring mental health outcomes were measured at 10–13 years old, using a variety of questionnaire-based and interview assessments. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between maternal postnatal risk factors and offspring mental health, and path analysis was used to investigate the pathways of maternal postnatal factors to adolescent offspring outcomes. Results: Data were available for 14,054 mothers with information reported on postnatal depression and 13,892 on postnatal anxiety. Logistic regression analyses found significant associations between maternal postnatal depression and offspring anxiety at 10 years old (odds ratio = 1.039, 95% confidence interval = [1.005, 1.073], p = 0.022) and between maternal postnatal anxiety and offspring psychotic experiences at 12/13 years old (odds ratio = 1.042, 95% confidence interval = [1.008, 1.077], p = 0.016). These significant associations remained after applying path analyses, when we controlled for potential offspring psychopathological overlay. Conclusion: These findings suggest that mothers with postnatal depression are more likely to have offspring with anxiety at 10 years old, and that mothers with postnatal anxiety are more likely to have offspring with psychotic experiences at 12/13 years old. Our findings suggest specific pathways in the association between postnatal anxiety/depression and offspring mental health and contribute to the importance of identifying mothers and their offspring with increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes resulting from postnatal mental health disorders.
Who is coercively admitted to psychiatric wards? Epidemiological analysis of inpatient records of involuntary psychiatric admissions to a University General Hospital in Greece for the years 2008–2017
Authors: Bakola Maria , Peritogiannis Vaios , Stuckler David , Kitsou Konstantina Soultana , Gourzis Philippos , Hyphantis Thomas , Jelastopulu Eleni 
Published: March 2022

Background: Involuntary psychiatric admissions are a widely used practice despite ethical concerns about coercion. There are particular concerns that vulnerable groups, such as single, unemployed or racial minorities, may be more subjected to such practices. Aim: We aimed to investigate the social patterns of involuntary psychiatric admissions from 2008 to 2017 at University General Hospital in Ioannina, Greece. Method: We retrospectively assessed inpatient records from 2008 to 2017 of patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Ioannina University General Hospital, Northwestern Greece. Alternative patients of alternative years were selected for inclusion; this yielded 332 patients involuntarily admitted, corresponding to 28.5% of total involuntary psychiatric admissions. Results: Over the 10-year period, the overall numbers of annual involuntary psychiatric admissions remained relatively stable, as did the length of hospital stay (mean = 23.8 days). The most common disorder upon admission was schizophrenia spectrum disorders, accounting for approximately two-thirds of all admissions, followed by mood disorders (about 20%). There was evidence that people who lacked social support or experienced financial hardship were more greatly represented among those admitted: 70.2% of admitted patients were single and 64.8% were unemployed. Most patients had been admitted to the psychiatric ward in the past (64.2%). Conclusion: Our study indicates potentially worrisome evidence that patients who are in vulnerable positions are at elevated likelihood of being involuntarily admitted to psychiatric wards. Future research is needed to evaluate the socio-demographic patterning of involuntary admissions in other European countries.