bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembling care: How nurses organise care in uncharted territory and in times of pandemic
Authors: Kuijper Syb , Felder Martijn , Bal Roland , Wallenburg Iris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article draws on ethnographic research to conceptualise how nurses mobilise assemblages of caring to organise and deliver COVID care; particularly so by reorganising organisational infrastructures and practices of safe and good care. Based on participatory observations, interviews and nurse diaries, all collected during the early phase of the pandemic, the research shows how the organising work of nurses unfolds at different health‐care layers: in the daily care for patients and their families, in the coordination of care in and between hospitals, and at the level of the health‐care system. These findings contrast with the dominant pandemic‐image of nurses as ‘heroes at the bedside’, which fosters the classic and microlevel view of nursing and leaves the broader contribution of nurses to the pandemic unaddressed. Theoretically, the study adds to the literature on translational mobilisation and assemblage theory by focussing on the layered and often invisible organising work of nurses in health care.
Dynamics of wilful ignorance in organizations
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Einola Katja , Schaefer Stephan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContemporary society is obsessed with knowledge, leaving its less seductive counterpart, ignorance, in the shadows. However, as an expanding literature suggests, it is equally important to understand ignorance and consider its varieties. This study specifies the nature of wilful ignorance in organizations. It does so by (a) making a distinction between the will of an actor and the epistemic properties of ignorance, and showing how these two form a dynamic relationship, (b) linking wilful ignorance to its various drivers and (c) suggesting how our concept of wilful ignorance can be used in the study of organizations. Rather than reducing the phenomenon into a simple to know/to ignore dichotomy, we concentrate on its processual and dynamic nature. Moreover, we explore the complexities and ambiguity inherently involved in all knowing and ignoring as well as the role of agency in reducing the harmful effects of wilful ignorance in organizations.
Reactive synovitis of the knee joint after COVID‐19 vaccination: The first ultrastructural analysis of synovial fluid
Authors: Vanaskova Eliska , Kelbich Petr , Novotny Tomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and the resulting coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19) have spread all around the world since 2019 and have affected millions of people. The development of COVID‐19 vaccines helped to decelerate the spread of the virus. However, as in the case of vaccines against other infectious diseases, adverse events can also present with COVID‐19 vaccines.Case PresentationWe report here a rare case of a 53‐year‐old man with knee‐joint synovitis, after the first dose of messenger RNA vaccine, with no fever and a negative COVID‐19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. During a clinical examination the suspicion of pyogenic arthritis was excluded by blood tests and by a complex joint effusion examination, including a microbiological and cytological‐energy analysis of the synovial fluid. The treatment received by our patient consisted of 3 doses of dexamethasone administered intravenously over a period of 3 days. All the symptoms improved after this therapy, and in the 3‐week follow‐up period we recorded full recovery with no consequences.ConclusionCase reports on patients undergoing COVID‐19 vaccination should be examined in order to detect rare and long‐term side‐effects. This is the first report to present the outcomes of an ultrastructural analysis of post‐vaccination synovitis.
Colour matching by arthropods in burned and unburned backgrounds in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: de Alcantara Viana João Vitor , Lourenço Garcia de Brito Vinícius , de Melo Celine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe visual properties of the background occupied by organisms are a key aspect of visual camouflage. Changes in background coloration by fires may mediate the differential survival of prey against visually oriented predators and modify the prey camouflage strategy. This phenomenon may be common in environments where the fire is a continuous modulator of the community, such as Neotropical savannas. In this study, we investigated whether arthropods match burned and unburned trunks in coloration in order to camouflage relative to the visual system of potential bird predators. We also investigated in which type of the trunk the black and brown morphotypes ofRonderosia bergii(Orthoptera) preferentially occupy and whether the morphotypes present colour matching in the burned and unburned trunks. We recorded the arthropod community on backgrounds against which they had low contrast relative to other available backgrounds. We found that specimens ofR. bergiipreferentially occupy burned backgrounds. In addition, we also found that black morphotypes ofR. bergiishowed lower contrasts on burned trunks to the achromatic channel, while browner morphotypes showed lower contrasts on unburned backgrounds in the chromatic channel. We propose three explanations operating behind the observed pattern of the studied community: differential predation; background selection; and animal colour change.
Relationships of low‐grade systemic inflammation and nutritional status with erectile dysfunction severity in men on dialysis
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Hatakeyama Shingo , Momota Masaki , Hamaya Tomoko , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Yoshikawa Kazuaki , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade systemic inflammation and malnutrition are frequently observed in patients on dialysis and contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction; however, the role of these conditions in erectile dysfunction (ED) severity remains to be elucidated.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships of low‐grade systemic inflammation and nutritional status with ED severity in men on dialysis.Materials and methodsThe present study included 71 men on dialysis. The sexual health inventory for men (SHIM) was used to assess ED. Men were classified as the mild/moderate (SHIM score ≥ 8) and severe ED (SHIM score ≤ 7) groups. C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were used to evaluate low‐grade systemic inflammation and nutritional status, respectively. We performed multivariate analysis to assess the relationships of CAR and GNRI with severe ED.ResultsThe median age of the included men was 64 years old. All men had any degree of ED with 65% having severe ED. In the univariate analyses, a significant association was observed between elevated CAR (≥0.09) and severe ED (odds ratio [OR]: 4.038, p = 0.025), whereas no significant association was observed between lower GNRI (<92) and severe ED (OR: 2.357, p = 0.109). In the multivariate analysis, an association between elevated CAR and severe ED was still significant (OR: 5.985, p = 0.010).Discussion and conclusionLow‐grade systemic inflammation was significantly associated with ED severity, whereas lower GNRI was not. These results may be helpful for further research to identify the optimal treatment for men suffering from severe ED.
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Rural Health Equity Strategic Action Plan: excellence through equity
Authors: Clancy Bridget 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWherever there are people there will be a need for surgical care. Rural people have all kinds of problems and need all kinds of surgeons. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Rural Health Equity Strategic Action Plan (RHESAP) was endorsed by Council in December 2020. The goal is to increase the rural surgical workforce and increase access to care, through providing motivated surgeons with the training they need to work where they are needed most. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Surgical Education and Training Programs (SET) aim to train generalist surgeons across all nine surgical disciplines. To increase the rural surgical workforce and increase access to care, we need to select for rural origin, rural medical school and rural work experience, provide all trainees with the opportunity for positive rural work exposure with an aligned rural curriculum, and we need to support surgeons already living and working in rural areas. In future, with persistent health inequity for underserved populations and the impacts of climate change, we anticipate an increasing need for a culturally and emotionally intelligent, broad‐scope surgical workforce, across all surgical disciplines, with the skills, confidence and motivation to work collaboratively and effectively in surgical teams, in areas of need and limited resource environments, including globally.
Left ventricular assist devices: A historical perspective at the intersection of medicine and engineering
Authors: Goodman Daniel , Stulak John , Rosenbaum Andrew N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last half‐century, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology has progressed from conceptual therapy for failed cardiopulmonary bypass weaning to an accepted destination therapy for advanced heart failure. The history of LVAD engineering is defined by an initial development phase, which demonstrated the feasibility of such an approach, to the more recent three major generations of commercial devices. In this review, we explore the engineering challenges of LVADs, how they were addressed over time, and the clinical outcomes that resulted from each major technological development. The first generation of commercial LVADs were pulsatile devices, which lacked the appropriate durability due to their number of moving components and hemocompatibility. The second generation of LVADs was defined by replacement of complex, pulsatile pumps with primarily axial, continuous‐flow systems with an impeller in the blood passageway. These devices experienced significant commercial success, but the presence of excessive trauma to the blood and in‐situ bearing resulted in an unacceptable burden of adverse events. Third generation centrifugal‐flow pumps use magnetically suspended rotors within the pump chamber. Superior outcomes with this newest generation of devices have been observed, particularly with respect to hemocompatibility‐related adverse events including pump thrombosis, with fully magnetically levitated devices. The future of LVAD engineering includes wireless charging foregoing percutaneous drivelines and more advanced pump control mechanisms, including synchronization of the pump flow with the native cardiac cycle, and varying pump output based on degree of physical exertion using sensor or advanced device‐level data triggers.
Diamond–Blackfan anaemia with iron overload: A serious issue
Authors: Quarello Paola , Ramenghi Ugo , Fagioli Franca 
Published: August 2022

Transfusion‐dependent Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA) patients rapidly develop iron overload and frequently experience cardiac complications. The report by Lecornec and colleagues offers useful details on indications and the management of deferiprone, a highly efficient chelator in removing excess cardiac iron but associated with a high risk of agranulocytosis in DBA patients.Commentary on: Lecornec et al. Agranulocytosis in patients with Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA) treated with deferiprone for post‐transfusion iron overload: A retrospective study of the French DBA cohort. British Journal of Haematology 2022;199:285‐288.
The effect of intensity of conditioning regimen on the outcome of HSCT in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Alsultan Abdulrahman , Abujoub Rodina , Elbashir Enas , Essa Mohammed F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides a cure for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). This study describes the effect of conditioning regimen intensity on HSCT outcomes among children younger than 14 years with SCD.MethodsTransplants from HLA‐matched related donors (MRD) and unrelated donors (MUD) using either myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens were considered. Event‐free survival (EFS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and occurrence of GVHD.Results48 SCD patients underwent HSCT, 45 (93.8%) patients had MRD, 1 (2.1%) had 9/10 related donor, and 2 (4.1%) had MUD. The median age at transplant was 8.6 years (range, 3.1–13.8). Conditioning regimens were myeloablative (MAC) in 41 (85.4%) patients and of reduced intensity in 7 (14.6%) patients. EFS at 2 years was 100% among MAC group compared to 29% in the RIC group (p < .001). The median follow‐up was 43.4 months (range 26.8–134). All events in the RIC group were secondary graft failure. However, OS was 100% in both groups at 2 years. Acute GVHD II–IV was diagnosed in 2 (4.1%) patients. Chronic GVHD occurred in 2 (4.1%) patients. GVHD did not occur in patients who underwent MUD HSCT.ConclusionsMAC in children with SCD is well tolerated and associated with an excellent outcome for HLA‐matched HSCT in SCD. There was a high rate of secondary graft failure with the use of RIC. Future studies are needed to optimize RIC regimens in HSCT of children with SCD.
A review of clinical efficacy data supporting emergency use authorization for COVID‐19 therapeutics and lessons for future pandemics
Authors: Yoo Seo‐Hyun , Kim Lauren , Lu Michelle , Nagoshi Kira , Namchuk Mark N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmergency Use Authorization (EUA) allows the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to expedite the availability of therapeutics in the context of a public health emergency. To date, an evidentiary standard for clinical efficacy to support an EUA has not yet been established. This review examines the clinical data submitted in support of EUA for antiviral and anti‐inflammatory therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) through December of 2021 and the resilience of the authorization as new clinical data arose subsequent to the authorization. In the vast majority of cases, EUA was supported by at least one well‐powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) where statistically significant efficacy was demonstrated. This included branded medications already approved for use outside of the context of COVID‐19. When used, the standard of a single RCT seemed to provide adequate evidence of clinical efficacy, such that subsequent clinical studies generally supported or expanded the EUA of the therapeutic in question. The lone generic agent that was granted EUA (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) was not supported by a well‐controlled RCT, and the EUA was withdrawn within 3 months time. This highlighted not only the ambiguity of the EUA standard, but also the need to provide avenues through which high quality clinical evidence for the efficacy of a generic medication could be obtained. Therefore, maintaining the clinical trial networks assembled during the COVID‐19 pandemic could be a critical component of our preparation for future pandemics. Consideration could also be given to establishing a single successful RCT as regulatory guidance for obtaining an EUA.
Responses of soil greenhouse gas emissions to land use conversion and reversion—A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Zhaohui , Wang Lingqing , Wan Xiaoming , Yang Jun , Peng Qin , Liang Tao , Wang Yazhu , Zhong Buqing , Rinklebe Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExploring the responses of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to land use conversion or reversion is significant for taking effective land use measures to alleviate global warming. A global meta‐analysis was conducted to analyze the responses of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to land use conversion or reversion, and determine their temporal evolution, driving factors, and potential mechanisms. Our results showed that CH4 and N2O responded positively to land use conversion while CO2 responded negatively to the changes from natural herb and secondary forest to plantation. By comparison, CH4 responded negatively to land use reversion and N2O also showed negative response to the reversion from agricultural land to forest. The conversion of land use weakened the function of natural forest and grassland as CH4 sink and the artificial nitrogen (N) addition for plantation increased N source for N2O release from soil, while the reversion of land use could alleviate them to some degree. Besides, soil carbon would impact CO2 emission for a long time after land use conversion, and secondary forest reached the CH4 uptake level similar to that of primary forest after over 40 years. N2O responses had negative relationships with time interval under the conversions from forest to plantation, secondary forest, and pasture. In addition, meta‐regression indicated that CH4 had correlations with several environmental variables, and carbon–nitrogen ratio had contrary relationships with N2O emission responses to land use conversion and reversion. And the importance of driving factors displayed that CO2, CH4, and N2O response to land use conversion and reversion was easily affected by NH4+ and soil moisture, mean annual temperature and NO3−, total nitrogen and mean annual temperature, respectively. This study would provide enlightenments for scientific land management and reduction of GHG emissions.
Kihon Checklist items associated with the development of frailty and recovery to robust status during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hirose Tamaki , Sawaya Yohei , Ishizaka Masahiro , Hashimoto Naori , Kubo Akira , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: August 2022

AimThe Kihon Checklist (KCL) is used to assess frailty in daily life. We aimed to identify KCL items associated with the development of frailty and recovery to robust status during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a 1‐year prospective cohort study of community‐dwelling adults aged 70 and 75 years in Otawara City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Information regarding age, sex, presence of disease and KCL items was collected in May 2020 (baseline) and June 2021 (follow‐up) using a mailed questionnaire. Changes in frailty status as determined by the KCL at baseline and follow‐up were evaluated. To clarify factors related to changes in the frailty status, we conducted two sets of binomial logistic regression analyses with the presence/absence of development of frailty and presence/absence of recovery to robust status at follow‐up as the dependent variables and the KCL items as the independent variables.ResultsThe analysis included 716 participants who provided complete responses to both questionnaires. The KCL Items 6, 10, 20, 23 and 24 were related to the development of frailty, and the KCL Items 6, 15, 21 and 23 were associated with the recovery to robust status.ConclusionsThe baseline KCL items regarding physical function and associated mental aspects were related to both development of frailty and recovery to robust status during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Cognitive and depressive declines were associated with the development of frailty, while good oral environment and sense of fulfillment in life were associated with the recovery to robust status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 745–752.
Effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy use on body weight changes in a cohort of U.S. veterans living with and without HIV
Authors: Garcia Jose M. , Dong Yongquan , Richardson Peter , Kramer Jennifer R. , Hartman Christine M. , Royse Kathryn , White Donna L. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople living with HIV have high rates of obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities. Our study sought to evaluate weight trajectory in a retrospective cohort of people living with HIV and matched HIV‐negative veterans (controls) and to evaluate risk factors for weight gain.MethodsThis was a retrospective database analysis of data extracted from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse that included people living with HIV (n = 22 421) and age‐matched HIV‐negative controls (n = 63 072). The main outcomes were baseline body weight and weight change from baseline at 1, 2, and 5 years after diagnosis (baseline visit for controls).ResultsBody weight at baseline was lower in people living with HIV than in controls. People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) gained more weight than did controls. In a sub‐analysis of ART‐exposed people living with HIV, age >50 years, African American race, body mass index (BMI) <25, CD4 ≤200, and HIV diagnosis year after 2000 were associated with more weight gain at year 1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus non‐NRTIs (NNRTIs) were associated with less weight gain than NRTIs plus protease inhibitors, NRTIs plus integrase inhibitors, or NRTIs plus other agents at year 1.ConclusionsAmong US veterans, those living with HIV had lower rates of obesity than age‐matched HIV‐negative controls; however, primarily in the first 2 years after starting ART, people living with HIV gained more weight than did controls.
Common practices of dental implants maintenance among dental hygiene professionals in Israel and Germany
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Winkler Patrizia , Elez Ivana , Slutzkey Gil , Saminsky Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the common practices of dental implant maintenance among dental hygiene professionals (DHP) in Israel (IL) and Germany (GE).MethodsAn online questionnaire was developed by the Periodontology Departments of Tel Aviv (IL) and Frankfurt University (GE) to address demographics, training, prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases. The questionnaire was distributed by DHP associations via social media.ResultsThe responses of 376 DHPs (IL: 169; GE: 207) were analysed. Most participants were female (IL: 168/99%; GE: 203/98%), had received education (IL: 179/97%; GE: 207/97%) and were working in their home countries (IL: 182/99%; GE: 211/99%). Peri‐implant probing was not performed by 22% of DHPs in IL and 5% in GE. Of the DHPs who used probes, 49% used metal probes in IL, while 40% used plastic probes in GE (p < 0.001). A majority of DHPs performed peri‐implant instrumentation (IL: 168/99%; GE: 190/92%). Most DHPs from IL did not use devices other than hand and/or sonic/ultrasonic instruments for peri‐implant cleaning (IL: 130/77%; GE 5/2%); in GE, the use of airflow (IL: 31/18%; GE: 199/96%) is popular (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMost DHPs in IL and GE perform peri‐implant probing and debridement. However, there are some distinct differences between the two countries regarding the choice of instruments and treatment regimens.
Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride ceramics: A review of advances and perspectives
Authors: Dong Xingjie , Wu Jianqin , Yu Honglin , Zhou Qing , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Lu , Li Ling , He Rujie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic has been widely applied in various engineering fields. The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies provides an innovative approach for the fabrication of complex‐shaped Si3N4 ceramic components. This article systematically reviews the advances of the AM of Si3N4 ceramic in recent years and forecasts the potential perspectives in this field. This review aims to motivate future research and development for the AM of Si3N4 ceramic.