bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De‐escalation of five‐year adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with estrogen receptor‐low positive (immunohistochemistry staining 1%‐10%) breast cancer: Propensity‐matched analysis from a prospectively maintained cohort
Authors: Cai Yu‐Wen , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Yu Ke‐Da 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe standard 5 years of endocrine therapy has demonstrated additional benefits compared with short‐term (2‐3 years) treatment in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer; however, data specific to ER‐low positive breast cancer (1%‐10% by immunohistochemistry) are limited, and it is unclear whether long‐term treatment is still necessary for this subgroup.MethodsThe authors used the prospectively maintained Breast Surgery Database of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center for this propensity‐matched analysis. The primary end point was disease‐free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and propensity score‐matching methods were used to minimize bias. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All statistics were 2‐sided.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, 22,768 consecutive women had pathologically confirmed, early stage breast cancer, and 1013 (4.45%) were identified with ER‐low positive disease. Among these, 634 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 3 groups: those who received no endocrine therapy (n = 89), those who received 2 to 3 years of endocrine therapy (n = 185), and those who received approximately 5 years of endocrine therapy (n = 360). At a median follow‐up of 65 months, there was no significant difference in disease‐free survival between patients who received 2 to 3 years and 5 years of endocrine therapy (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.51‐1.33; P = .43). The findings were consistent after multivariate Cox analysis of the propensity score‐matched samples (5 vs 2‐3 years of treatment: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.41‐1.31; P = .30).ConclusionsShort‐term endocrine therapy for 2 to 3 years might be an alternative for patients who have ER‐low positive breast cancer instead of the standard 5 years of treatment.
Histopathological role of vitamin D deficiency in recurrent/chronic tonsillitis pathogenesis: Vascular epithelial growth factor‐mediated angiogenesis in tonsil
Authors: Safak Ayse S. , Bulut Fuat , Cumbul Alev 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur aim in this study is to reveal the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of recurrent/chronic tonsillitis and to determine the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF).Material and MethodsThis study was conducted between September and February. Thirty‐two patients between the ages of 3 and 35 (mean age 9.71) with recurrent episodes of chronic tonsillitis were selected. Patients were divided into four groups according to their 25OHD levels. Patients with 25OHD levels 0–10 ng/ml were determined as Group 1, 11–20 ng/ml Group 2, 21–30 ng/ml Group 3, and 31–50 ng/ml control Group 4. Routine histological tissue sampling was performed for histopathological evaluation of the tonsillar tissues under light microscope (LM). Five micron sections were taken from the paraffin blocks and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and Trichrome Masson (TCM). VEGF expression was examined immunohistochemically for each group.ResultsOur analysis showed VEGF expression in all study groups (32 tonsillar tissues). Group 1 and Group 2 histopathological scores were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .001). There were significant differences in VEGF expressions between the four groups (p < .001). 25OHD levels of the patients in Groups 1 and 2 with strong VEGF expression were significantly lower than the other groups (p < .001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study showed an increased angiogenesis in tonsil and an increase in VEGF expression of the tonsillar surface epithelium when blood serum 25OHD levels <20 ng/ml.
Detecting hypodiploidy with endoreduplication and masked hypodiploidy in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia using multicolor flow cytometry
Authors: Chaturvedi Anumeha , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Ghogale Sitaram Gundu , Deshpande Nilesh , Badrinath Yajamanam , Chatterjee Gaurav , Girase Karishma , Sriram Harshini , Khanka Twinkle , Mishra Chetna , Dasgupta Niharika , Gujarathi Sejal Anil , Rajpal Sweta , Patkar Nikhil , Amare‐Kadam Prathibha , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian Papagudi Ganesan , Tembhare Prashant Ramesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMulticolor flow cytometry‐based DNA‐ploidy (MFC‐ploidy) analysis is a simple, sensitive, and popular method for ploidy analysis in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). However, the utility of MFC‐ploidy in the detection of B‐ALL with endoreduplication or masked hypodiploidy has not been reported. Herein, we studied the patterns of MFC‐ploidy assessment and its utility to detect B‐ALL with hypodiploidy and endoreduplication.MethodsMFC‐ploidy analysis was performed using FxCycle Violet‐dye‐based method, and cytogenetic ploidy was evaluated using chromosomal‐counting and FISH analysis. A total of 20 B‐ALL cases with endoreduplication were studied for the patterns of MFC‐ploidy analysis and compared with 250 patients with hyperdiploidy and 11 cases with pure hypodiploidy.ResultsAll B‐ALL with endoreduplication revealed two distinct peaks (populations) on MFC‐ploidy analysis: the first (hypodiploid) peak (median—DNA‐index [DI], 0.82; range, 0.6–0.95) and the second (hyperdiploid) peak with almost twice DI (median–DI, 1.53; range, 1.14–1.75). Cytogenetic findings were available in 19 cases and confirmed hypodiploidy with endoreduplication in 13/19 (68.4%) and only hypodiploidy in 3/19 cases. The remaining three cases showed hyperdiploid blasts in cytogenetic studies. Of these three, two cases had <10% blasts population with hypodiploidy. Thus, masked‐hypodiploidy could be diagnosed correctly in 3/19 cases on MFC‐ploidy analysis.ConclusionMFC‐ploidy analysis shows a characteristic pattern of DNA‐ploidy in samples with endoreduplication. It allows the distinction between samples with masked hypodiploidy from true hyperdiploidy. An integrated approach involving cytogenetic and MFC‐ploidy detection is very helpful in the risk stratification of B‐ALL in routine clinical practice.
Interictal pattern on scalp electroencephalogram predicts excellent surgical outcome of epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Wan Hui‐juan , Hu Wen‐han , Wang Xiu , Zhang Chao , Wang Sheng‐song , Zheng Zhong , Zhou Feng , Sang Lin , Zhang Kai , Zhang Jian‐guo , Shao Xiao‐qiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents an essential cause of drug‐resistant epilepsy with surgery as an effective treatment option. This study aimed to identify the important predictors of favorable surgical outcomes and the impact of the interictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in predicting postsurgical seizure outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 210 consecutive patients between 2015 and 2019. They were diagnosed with FCD by pathology, underwent resection, and had at least one year of postsurgical follow‐up. Predictors of seizure freedom were analyzed.ResultsBased on the information at the latest follow‐up, seizure outcome was classified as Engel Class I (seizure‐free) in 81.4% and Engel Class II‐IV (non‐seizure‐free) in 18.6% of patients. There were 43, 105, and 62 cases of FCD type I, type II, and type III, respectively. The interictal EEG showed a repetitive discharge pattern (REDP) in 87 (41.4%) patients, polyspike discharge pattern (PDP) in 41 (19.5%), and the coexistence of REDP and PDP in the same location in 32 (15.2%) patients. The analyzed patterns in order of frequency were repetitive discharges lasting 5 seconds or more (32.4%); polyspikes (16.7%); RED type 1 (11.4%); continuous epileptiform discharges occupying >80% of the recording (11.4%); RED type 2 (6.2%); brushes (3.3%); focal, fast, continuous spikes (2.4%); focal fast rhythmic epileptiform discharges (1.43%); and frequent rhythmic bursting epileptiform activity (1.4%). The coexistence of REDP and PDP in the same location on scalp EEG and complete resection of the assumed epileptogenic zone (EZ) was independently associated with favorable postsurgical prognosis.SignificanceResective epilepsy surgery for intractable epilepsy caused by FCD has favorable outcomes. Interictal scalp EEG patterns were revealed to be predictive of excellent surgical outcomes and may help clinical decision‐making and enable better presurgical evaluation.
How does teaching with cases support the development of evaluation competencies?
Authors: Bourgeois Isabelle , Wildschut Lauren , Steinberg Marla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluation competency frameworks identify the skills and knowledge required for the professional practice of evaluation. These competency frameworks are used, among other purposes, to craft evaluation training programs, courses, and activities. To date, the link between case‐centered teaching and learning and the development of evaluation competencies has not been explored systematically. Our study sought to focus on this link through an exploratory survey of evaluation instructors. Our findings reveal that evaluation instructors recognize the potential of case‐centered teaching in supporting the development of evaluation competencies and that they use cases towards competency development. However, some challenges remain, such as the accessibility and adaptability of cases to particular competency domains and instructional contexts.
Impaired phase synchronization of motor‐evoked potentials reflects the degree of motor dysfunction in the lesioned human brain
Authors: Naros Georgios , Machetanz Kathrin , Leao Maria Teresa , Wang Sophie , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe functional corticospinal integrity (CSI) can be indexed by motor‐evoked potentials (MEP) following transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Glial brain tumors in motor‐eloquent areas are frequently disturbing CSI resulting in different degrees of motor dysfunction. However, this is unreliably mirrored by MEP characteristics. In 59 consecutive patients with diffuse glial tumors and 21 healthy controls (CTRL), we investigated the conventional MEP features, that is, resting motor threshold (RMT), amplitudes and latencies. In addition, frequency‐domain MEP features were analyzed to estimate the event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP), and the induced phase synchronization by intertrial coherence (ITC). The clinical motor status was captured including the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS), the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), and the intake of antiepileptic drugs (AED). Motor function was classified according to MRCS and GPT as no motor deficit (NMD), fine motor deficits (FMD) and gross motor deficits (GMD). CSI was assessed by diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI). Motor competent subjects (CTRL and NMD) had similar ERSP and ITC values. The presence of a motor deficit (FMD and GMD) was associated with an impairment of high‐frequency ITC (150–300 Hz). GMD and damage to the CSI demonstrated an additional reduction of high‐frequency ERSP (150–300 Hz). GABAergic AED increased ERSP but not ITC. Notably, groups were indistinguishable based on conventional MEP features. Estimating MEP phase synchronization provides information about the corticospinal transmission after transcranial magnetic stimulation and reflects the degree of motor impairment that is not captured by conventional measures.
Perceived stress and willingness to quit smoking among patients with depressive and anxiety disorders seeking treatment
Authors: Fatani Bayan Zaid , Al‐Yahyawi Huda , Raggam AbdulAziz , Al‐Ahdal Mutaz , Alzyoud Sukaina , Hassan Ahmed N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationale and objectivesLittle are known about nicotine dependence (ND), perceived stress, and willingness to quit smoking at different treatment stages in patient with affective disorders (AD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between ND and perceived stress among patients with AD presenting with psychiatric treatment at different clinical stages (first visit or follow‐up), and in different nicotine type users (cigarette and waterpipe smokers). We also aimed to evaluate the willingness to quit smoking and its association with barriers to quitting.MethodsThis cross‐sectional mixed‐method study collected quantitative and qualitative data from patients (n = 57) presenting for treatment with AD and ND at different sites in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative validated scales were used to assess the 70 of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and ND. Qualitative questions assessed barriers to quit smoking. We used a linear regression modeling to estimate the association between ND and perceived stress as well as to estimate the association between barrier to quit and willingness to quit.ResultsND had a statistically significant association with perceived stress (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20‐3.63). Participants in the follow‐up group had a higher ND score than those in the first‐visit group. One of the most commonly reported barriers to quitting was using nicotine as a stress management (33.3%), which predicted positive willingness to quit (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.48‐3.37; P < .01). Boredom was reported as a barrier in the waterpipe group more than cigarette group.ConclusionND has a significant association with perceived stress regardless of treatment status in patients with AD, indicating the need to evaluate smoking cessation during the early stages of treatment for patients with AD and ND. It will be critical for clinicians to offer patients with AD alternative coping mechanisms to manage stress and boredom.
Structures and properties of ionic crystals and condensed phase ionic liquids predicted with the generalized energy‐based fragmentation method
Authors: Li Yunzhi , Wang Dong , Fu Fangjia , Xia Qiying , Li Wei , Li Shuhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe generalized energy‐based fragmentation (GEBF) approach is extended to facilitate ab initio investigations of structures, lattice energies, vibrational spectra and 1H NMR chemical shifts of ionic crystals and condensed‐phase ionic liquids (ILs) with the periodic boundary conditions (PBC). For selected periodic systems, our results demonstrate that the so‐called PBC‐GEBF approach can provide satisfactory descriptions on ground‐state energies, structures, and vibrational spectra of ionic crystals and IL crystals. The PBC‐GEBF approach is then applied to three realistic condensed phase systems. For three ionic crystals (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl), we apply the PBC‐GEBF approach with MP2 theory as well as some popular DFT methods to investigate their crystal structures and lattice energies. Our calculations indicate that the crystal structures obtained with PBC‐GEBF‐MP2/6–311 + G** are very close to the corresponding X‐ray structures, while PBC‐GEBF‐ωB97X‐D/6–311 + G** provides satisfactory prediction for crystal structures and lattice energies. For two polymorphs of [n‐C4mim][Cl] crystals, we find that the PBC‐GEBF approach at the M06‐2X/6–311 + G** level can give a satisfactory descriptions on structures and Raman spectra of these two crystals. Furthermore, for [C2mim][BF4] ILs, we demonstrate that their 1H NMR chemical shifts can be estimated from averaging over 5 typical snapshots (extracted from MD simulations) with the PBC‐GEBF approach at the B97‐2/pcSseg‐2 level. The calculated results account for the observed experimental data quite well. Therefore, we expect that the PBC‐GEBF approach, combined with various quantum chemistry methods, will become an effective tool in predicting structures and properties of ionic crystals and condensed‐phase ILs.
MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis in low molecular weight serum peptidome biomarkers for NSCLC
Authors: Song Yufan , Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Nana , Zhang Ting , Hu Chengjin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectsLung cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the world. Screening new serum biomarkers is important for the early detection of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum peptide model between non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and healthy controls, as well as between paired pre‐ and postoperative NSCLC patients, and to find the low molecular weight (LMW) potential tumor markers for NSCLC.Methods56 serum samples from NSCLC patients, 56 controls, and 20 matched pre‐ and postoperative patients were analyzed using magnetic‐bead (MB)‐based purification technique combined with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. To distinguish NSCLC from cancer‐free controls, three models were established. Finally, comparing the three groups of serum protein fingerprints, nano‐liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to further identify the differential peptides.ResultsAmong the three models constructed, the GA model had the best diagnostic efficacy. Five differential peaks were screened by combining the case group, healthy controls, and postoperative group analysis, which were up‐regulated in the case group and showed a tendency to return to healthy control values after surgery. The protein matching the mass spectrometry peak m/z 2953.73 was identified as fibrinogen α chain.ConclusionThis study shows that the application of MALDI‐TOF‐MS is a promising approach for the identification of potential serum biomarkers for NSCLC, which is potentially valuable for establishing a new diagnostic method for lung cancer. In addition, we found that fibrinogen α chain may be an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for NSCLC.
Changes in predicted lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kim Seong Rae , Lee Gyeongsil , Choi Seulggie , Oh Yun Hwan , Son Joung Sik , Park Minseon , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the association of changes in two body components, muscle and fat mass, with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among young adults. We investigated the association of changes in predicted lean body mass index (LBMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and body fat mass index (BFMI) with the development of CVD among young adults.MethodsThis nationwide, population‐based cohort study included 3 727 738 young adults [2 406 046 (64.5%) men and 1 321 692 (35.5%) women] aged 20–39 years without a previous history of CVD who underwent two health screening examinations during 2009–2010 and 2011–2012. Using validated and robust prediction equations, we calculated the changes in predicted LBMI, ASMI, and BFMI from the first to the second examinations.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 32.2 (4.9) years, and 2 406 046 (64.5%) of the participants were men. A total of 23 344 CVD events were detected during 22 257 632 person‐years of follow‐up. Each 1 kg/m2 increase in predicted LBMI and ASMI change was associated with a reduced risk of CVD among men [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.91; aHR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.82, respectively] and women (aHR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.63–0.95; aHR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.96). Each 1 kg/m2 increase in predicted BFMI change was associated with an increased risk of CVD among men (aHR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.22) and women (aHR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.06–1.65). In both sexes, decreases in predicted LBMI and ASMI were associated with greater CVD risk, and decreased predicted BFMI was associated with a reduced CVD risk. Those who maintained their BMI between −1 and +1 kg/m2 also had a decreased risk of CVD per 1 kg/m2 increase in predicted LBMI and ASMI change among men (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.92; aHR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.95) and women (aHR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.83; aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.80) and had a greater risk of CVD per 1 kg/m2 increase in predicted BFMI change among men (aHR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.25) and women (aHR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.23). Regardless of changes in weight, such as from normal to obese or vice versa, these results were consistent.ConclusionsAmong young adults, increased predicted muscle mass or decreased predicted fat mass were associated with a reduced risk of development of CVD. Decreased predicted muscle mass or increased predicted fat mass were associated with an elevated risk of development of CVD.
Downregulation of the schizophrenia risk‐gene Dgcr2 alters early microcircuit development in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Molinard‐Chenu Aude , Godel Michel , Rey Alicia , Musardo Stefano , Bodogan Timea , Vutskits Laszlo , Bellone Camilla , Dayer Alexandre 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlterations in the generation, migration and integration of different subtypes of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) microcircuit could play an important role in vulnerability to schizophrenia. Using in vivo cell‐type specific manipulation of pyramidal neurons (PNs) progenitors, we aim to investigate the role of the schizophrenia risk‐gene DiGeorge Critical Region 2 (Dgcr2) on cortical circuit formation in the mPFC of developing mice. This report describes how Dgcr2 knock down in upper‐layer PNs impacts the functional maturation of PNs and interneurons (INs) in the mPFC. First, we demonstrate that Dgcr2 knock‐down disrupts laminar positioning, dendritic morphology and excitatory activity of upper‐layer PNs. Interestingly, inhibitory activity is also modified in Dgcr2 knock‐down PNs, suggesting a broader microcircuit alteration involving interneurons. Further analyses show that the histological maturation of parvalbumin (PV) INs is not dramatically impaired, thus implying that other INs subtypes might be at play in the reported microcircuit alteration. Overall, this study unravels how local functional deficits of the early postnatal development of the mPFC can be induced by Dgcr2 knock‐down in PNs.
Long‐term outcome of immunologic autograft engineering
Authors: Porrata Luis F. , Inwards David J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Villasboas Jose C. , Paludo Jonas , Markovic Svetomir N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur phase III trial reported that autograft‐absolute lymphocyte count (A‐ALC) improved survival post‐autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (APBHSCT) for a short‐term follow‐up of 2 years. We evaluated retrospectively in our phase III trial patients that the A‐ALC still confers survival benefit with a longer follow‐up. With a median follow‐up of 127.6 months, patients infused with an A‐ALC ≥ 0.5 × 109 cells/kg experienced better overall survival (HR = 0.392, 95% confidence of interval [CI]: 0.224–0.687, p < 0.001) and progression‐free survival (HR = 0.413, 95% CI: 0.253–0.677), p < 0.0004). This study supports that A‐ALC provides long‐term survival benefit post APBHSCT.