bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stellar ‘Snake’ – I. Whole structure and properties
Authors: Wang Fan , Tian Haijun , Qiu Dan , Xu Qi , Fang Min , Tian Hao , Di Li , Bird Sarah A , Shi Jianrong , Fu Xiaoting , Liu Gaochao , Cui Sheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
To complement our previous discovery of the young snake-like structure in the solar neighbourhood and reveal the structure’s full extent, we build two samples of stars within the Snake and its surrounding territory from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). With the friends-of-friends algorithm, we identify 2694 and 9052 Snake member candidates from the two samples. 13 open clusters are embedded in these member candidates. By combining the spectroscopic data from multiple surveys, we investigate the comprehensive properties of the candidates and find that they are very likely to belong to one sizable structure, since most of the components are well bridged in their spatial distributions, and follow a single stellar population with an age of 30–40 Myr and solar metallicity. This sizable structure is best explained as hierarchically primordial, and probably formed from a filamentary giant molecular cloud with unique formation history in localized regions. To analyse the dynamics of the Snake, we divide the structure into four groups according to their tangential velocities. We detect anisotropic expansion rates of the groups along different axes, and find that the average expansion age ($\bar{\tau }\simeq 33$ Myr) is highly consistent with the age of the Snake along the length of the structure (X-direction). With over 10 000 member stars, the Snake is an ideal laboratory to study nearby coeval stellar formation, stellar physics, and environmental evolution over a large spatial extent.
Programmable cleavage of linear double-stranded DNA by combined action of Argonaute CbAgo from Clostridium butyricum and nuclease deficient RecBC helicase from E. coli
Authors: Vaiskunaite Rita , Vainauskas Jogirdas , Morris Janna J L , Potapov Vladimir , Bitinaite Jurate 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) use small nucleic acids as specificity guides to cleave single-stranded DNA at complementary sequences. DNA targeting function of pAgos creates attractive opportunities for DNA manipulations that require programmable DNA cleavage. Currently, the use of mesophilic pAgos as programmable endonucleases is hampered by their limited action on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). We demonstrate here that efficient cleavage of linear dsDNA by mesophilic Argonaute CbAgo from Clostridium butyricum can be activated in vitro via the DNA strand unwinding activity of nuclease deficient mutant of RecBC DNA helicase from Escherichia coli (referred to as RecBexo–C). Properties of CbAgo and characteristics of simultaneous cleavage of DNA strands in concurrence with DNA strand unwinding by RecBexo–C were thoroughly explored using 0.03–25 kb dsDNAs. When combined with RecBexo–C, CbAgo could cleave targets located 11–12.5 kb from the ends of linear dsDNA at 37°C. Our study demonstrates that CbAgo with RecBexo–C can be programmed to generate DNA fragments with custom-designed single-stranded overhangs suitable for ligation with compatible DNA fragments. The combination of CbAgo and RecBexo–C represents the most efficient mesophilic DNA-guided DNA-cleaving programmable endonuclease for in vitro use in diagnostic and synthetic biology methods that require sequence-specific nicking/cleavage of linear dsDNA at any desired location.
Modeling-Based Response-Guided DAA Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C to Identify Individuals for Shortening Treatment Duration
Authors: Goyal Ashish , Churkin Alex , Barash Danny , Cotler Scott J , Shlomai Amir , Etzion Ohad , Dahari Harel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shortening duration of direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C could provide cost savings, reduce medication exposure, and foster adherence and treatment completion in special populations. The current analysis indicates that measuring hepatitis C virus at baseline and on days 7 and 14 of therapy can identify patients for shortening therapy duration.
The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This book offers a distinctive approach to the key international instrument on indigenous rights, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Declaration), based on a new account of the political history of the international indigenous movement as it intersected with the Declaration’s negotiation. The current orthodoxy is to read the Declaration as containing human rights adapted to the indigenous situation. However, this reading does not do full justice to the complexity and diversity of indigenous peoples’ participation in the Declaration negotiations. Instead, the book argues that the Declaration should be subject to a novel, mixed-model reading that views the Declaration as embodying two distinct normative strands that serve different types of indigenous peoples. Not only is this model supported by the Declaration’s political history and legal argument, it also provides a new and compelling theory of the bases of international indigenous rights while clarifying the vexed question of who qualifies as indigenous for the purposes of international law.
The Declaration and the Decolonization Model
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 tracks the origins of international indigenous rights in the indigenous movements that emerged within the Anglo-settler states of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (CANZUS or Northern states). It discusses the advocacy work of indigenous advocates of the CANZUS states in the UN and the arguments and strategies available to them—including the human rights, minorities, and decolonization models. The chapter demonstrates that it was the decolonization model that led to the inclusion of rights to self-determination and self-government among other breakthrough rights in the Declaration. Human rights were critical to these advocates but principally as a means to advance their claims to self-determination.
The Declaration and the Mixed Model Interpretative Approach
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The history of Declaration negotiations outlined in Chapters 1 and 2 reveal several competing interpretative models for the Declaration, all of which have fundamental implications for its implementation. On the one hand, is the human rights model championed by James Anaya and many indigenous advocates, and now the conventional means of reading the Declaration. On the other hand, is the decolonization model and the mixed model advanced by Northern states that incorporate elements of human rights and “aspirations.” In contrast, this chapter offers a new, interpretative approach—a mixed model that incorporates both the decolonization and human rights models. The chapter also presents the case for the mixed model’s legal value drawing on Ian Johnstone’s theory of an “interpretive community” in international lawmaking and Thomas Franck’s criteria on legitimacy of international norms.
Conclusion
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The last chapter concludes with a critique of recent scholarship that emphasizes the need for indigenous advocates to focus on domestic law and politics in seeking reforms, relegating the Declaration to an inspirational expression of high ideals. This recent turn to the local, however, fails to appreciate the role the Declaration has already played in influencing indigenous rights reforms. Moreover, this scholarship fails to appreciate the potential normative significance of the mixed model for local implementation of indigenous rights, thus underscoring that the mixed model, and the decolonization model in particular, has been lost from view.
Imperial Fantasies
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
George Lynes was a dreamy child with a willful temperament. He was born 1907 in East Orange, New Jersey, of a father who abandoned the law to minister in the Episcopal Church and a mother who descended from a Southern family and had graduated New York’s Hunter College. George occasionally lorded it over his younger brother Russell as they grew up in the idyllic New England town of Great Barrington in the Berkshires where their father, Joseph Russell Lynes, was rector of St. James Episcopal Church. George once regaled a local barber with the imperial fantasy that he was really an escaped “Russian prince” who had been brought to live with a minister and his wife. But the boy inherited a lifelong taste for comfortable surroundings from a paternal great-grandfather, George Platt, an English immigrant who built a business in blinds and furnishings to become an interior decorator.
The Great Barrington Boy
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Age eleven, George enters the Fessenden School near Boston where the 1918 “Spanish flu” interrupts the first semester, yet the Great War’s Armistice is celebrated. By spring, George hopes he and his father can watch the parade of returning troops. The Lynes family moves to Jersey City where Dr. Lynes assumes the rectorship of St. Paul’s Church. Concerned his sons enter the Ivy Leagues, Dr. Lynes has George enrolled in the Berkshire School for Boys near Great Barrington. Its headmaster, Seaver Burton Buck, inculcates the trusted values of “muscular Christianity” into a boarding school where sports competition is as honored as academic excellence. George is an enthusiast of neither but is taken by classmate Lincoln Kirstein for a “poseur” who “fancies he is pretty to look at.” The Lyneses and Seaver Buck are tacitly aware of George’s “kittenish” disposition toward the hardier boys, but never express outright their suspicions of his homosexuality.
“Baby George” at the Stein Salon
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
July 1925: George, already in Paris two months for preparatory coursework before entering Yale, sails with his mother to Italy. They see the sites in Rome, Florence, and Venice, with George’s cultural education distracted by the beauty of tawny Italian youth. Back in Paris in the fall, under the watchful eye of cousins Kate and Walter Hardy, his academic courses take second place to his investigation of the Paris literary scene—Sylvia Beach’s Shakespeare & Co. and the sexually bohemian café The Strix—as well as louche nighttime delights like jazz at La Revue Nègre. Through the well-connected Hardys, George is introduced to Gertrude Stein’s salon. There, eighteen-year-old George’s literary interests charm Stein and her young 1920s artist-acolytes, including gay poet René Crevel. Early in 1926, Stein’s “Baby George” returns home to Englewood, New Jersey, with her permission to publish a pamphlet of her stream-of-consciousness “Descriptions of Literature.”
The Hôtel Welcome, Jean Cocteau, and the Return to Paris
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At La Cabane, George re-establishes his romance with Monie and enjoys drinking and gambling in glamorous Monte Carlo. He and Monie tour Corsica, delighting in evening walks, the silent cinema, and sunbathing. George documents the trip with Monie’s fold-up Kodak. In Villefranche, George starts to write, hoping to acquit himself in Monroe’s eyes. By summer he finds a writing studio near the Italian frontier, keeping brother Russell informed of his brief melancholy and homesickness. By fall, George discards a text of 25,000 words but feigns equanimity. Back in Paris, Monie and Glen share an apartment; George takes a hotel room. He plunges into a full social life, reacquainting with Gertrude Stein’s artistic circle and friends of Monie and Glen. Jacques Guérin enters Glenway’s life. American heiress Barbara Harrison enters the Wheeler-Wescott-Lynes coterie. Returning to America, George has notable outdoor Kodak portraits of Gertrude Stein and Jean Cocteau collected among his snapshots.
You’ve Got to Have Friends
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In fall 1930, George complains of commissions to make “school-girls beautifully vague.” Around the new year, he shares an apartment with Lloyd for several months. He frequents the tony salon of Kirk and Constance Agnew—tea at five, cocktails at six—while still haunting Romany Marie’s Village tavern with Lloyd. Through his friend, Southerner Fannie Cottonet, a portrait show supported by H. T. (Harry) Leggett takes shape. Through John McAndrew, a young architect assisting the ambitious gallerist Julien Levy, another Lynes photo show emerges. The Leggett show promises commercial success; the Levy show points toward an “artistic” goal. Miss Cottonet introduces George to high-end cultural subjects like violinist Efrem Zimbalist and his wife, opera singer Alma Gluck. George is cheered to have so much friendly new support. Barbara Harrison covers George’s Atlantic crossing in May 1931. By then, his Leggett show has been scheduled for the coming fall and the Levy Gallery show for early 1932.
Gertrude in Clover Amiably
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
George sails in late May 1931—Julien and Joella Levy also on board. George meets a few prominent passengers, like conductor Alexander Smallens. He first stays in a modest Paris hotel, then moves into Jean Guérin’s empty flat through summer, determined to visit Gertrude Stein in Bilignin for sociability and a formal sitting. Meanwhile, he has advertising jobs for the Guérin family’s Parfums d’Orsay and portrait commissions. At Stein’s country abode, George takes a portrait of her strong profile overlooking the hills and valleys in the distance; he also manages an informal shot of himself taking tea with Stein and Toklas. Stein’s profile portrait will eventually have public import. Returned to Paris, George next travels through Austria and Germany with Monie, Glen, and Barbara, attending the Salzburg Festival. Glenway observes changing conditions in Germany for a new book. Barbara gifts George a pet dachshund he christens “Claus von Wiesbaden.”
Twice a Debutante
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Returned home, George visits brother Russell at Yale, reestablishing their sibling affection. He prepares the North Egremont house for winter, delighting in the autumn foliage. In New York City, George joins Lloyd and John McAndrew in a flat where he tolerates his roommates’ decor simply to have a place to photograph. He plans two upcoming exhibitions, wary that H. T. Leggett’s gallery in the reopened Waldorf-Astoria may impose a financial cost. He complains that Julien Levy enlists him as a “Surrealist.” George disapproves of Levy’s “Jewish instinct” for “gouging,” and is dubious being paired with Walker Evans, a more established photographer. He dismisses press reviews of the Levy show, although their mention of his new “toning process” encourages Mehemed Agha of Vanity Fair to invite George to submit a portfolio. The Leggett show, with a wittily designed invitation by Monroe, displays George recent portraits of notables like Aaron Copland, Muriel Draper, and Gertrude Stein.
The Mural Show and a Threat of Marriage
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Monroe arrives in New York in time for George’s Leggett show, then visits his family in Evanston. Lynes publishes a picture in Vanity Fair and others in several Northeast exhibitions. George participates in Lincoln Kirstein’s “mural show” at MOMA, which includes works by Lynes’s peers and the eminent Edward Steichen. The photo murals are better reviewed than the paintings. George worries how to return to Paris with Monroe but manages the expense. His most significant portrait of summer 1932 is of André Gide. Southern writer Katherine Anne Porter enters the Harrison of Paris circle. George returns home in September to the shock of little Claus’s death. His studio is again at the Englewood rectory, now with prospects for solid commercial work. George grows concerned that Monroe and Barbara’s planned trip of several months to China will result in their marriage. Then, in early December, the Reverend Lynes dies of a heart attack at age fifty-three.
Four Saints and a Ménage-à-Trois
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In fall 1933, Barbara Harrison rests at a Swiss sanitarium for a spot of TB. Monroe keeps her company. George fears this will thwart Monie’s planned visit to New York. George’s socializing leads him to prominent commercial portrait subjects. Russell and Mildred join George at Adelaide’s guest inn. Monroe arrives around Thanksgiving but travels to Evanston for Christmas. Barbara invites Katherine Anne Porter to join her in Davos to complete her next HOP project, the story “Hacienda.” Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson’s Four Saints in Three Acts, involving a roster of transatlantic creators, premiers at Hartford’s Wadsworth Atheneum. George photographs choreographer Frederick Ashton with three African American male dancers, revealing the era’s “negrophilia” and racialized homosexual tropes. Four Saints manages a brief Broadway production. Lloyd and Mildred wed in May 1934. Monroe and Glenway settle in New York, then in summer join George to share a larger flat at 89th and Madison.
A Return to Paris; Bachelor and PaJaMa Parties
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In early 1937, George sails with Harper’s Bazaar editor Carmel Snow for work in Paris. George adapts to Snow’s demanding style but socializes with old friends like Eardley Knollys and Jacques Guérin. George photographs the “weird giantess,” English poet Edith Sitwell. He crosses to London for additional assignments. Returned to New York City, George has four portraits in MOMA’s massive historical survey “Photography: 1839–1937,” including a striking new Cocteau portrait. GPL is prominently featured in an innovative arts and fashion magazine, Bachelor, discreetly targeting cosmopolitan homosexuals. Via Lincoln Kirstein, George befriends three notable “realist” painters, Paul Cadmus, his lover Jared French, and Jared’s wife Margaret Hoenig. Forming the photography collective PaJaMa, the trio document male friends on the summer beaches of the Northeast in ritualistic poses. Kirstein will marry Paul’s sister Fidelma, while the PaJaMa threesome, visitors to Stone-blossom, frequently sketch portraits of George, Monroe, and Glenway, members of the so-called Homintern.
The Affair Beaton and a Conversation Piece
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glenway’s autobiographical story (published posthumously) “A Visit to Priapus” reveals him living chastely under a spell cast by Monroe and George. Glenway’s journals show George frankly rebuffing Glenway’s sexual interest. Wescott sees himself as a falcon submitting to George, the falconer. This metaphor animates Glenway’s novella The Pilgrim Hawk. George is profiled in Coronet magazine, a condescending piece ambivalent about his work and rife with homophobic insinuation. Cecil Beaton publishes in Vogue an illustration with texts depicting New York nightlife including the term “damned kikes.” Condé Nast is forced to dismiss Beaton. The scandal requires reprinting of 130,000 copies and reveals the anti-Semitism of Café Society. The close friendships among the PaJaMa trio and “the boys” encourage Jared French to paint a triptych of frontal nudes of George, Monroe, and Glenway. Cadmus paints a scene of the three men lounging on Stone-blossom’s property. Titled Conversation Piece, it strongly evokes a domestic same-sex trio.
An Anthology of Faces at Pierre Matisse
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
George, at the apex of his career, is habitually on the financial brink. Monie is elevated at MOMA to director of publications and exhibitions. Glenway’s The Pilgrim Hawk is well received. Russell and Mildred become parents. Young George Tichenor is hired at 640 Madison. George is smitten, so “Tich” occasionally models. Hitler marches into Poland in September 1939. France falls by June 1940. In March 1941, George vacations in the Bahamas at wealthy lesbian eccentric Marion “Joe” Carstairs’s island paradise. America’s 1941 Lend-Lease Act aids Britain. “Tich” joins the American-British Ambulance Corps (ABBC). Sailing aboard the Zamzam to South Africa, he and fellow volunteers are shelled by the Germans. Tich’s fate is unknown for weeks, though ultimately the Americans are repatriated. In November 1941, George shows “two hundred portraits” at the Pierre Matisse Gallery, consolidating his reputation as a premier photographic portraitist. Soon after, the bombing of Pearl Harbor brings America into World War II.
Exiles in Paradise
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In May 1946, George drives to Hollywood with “Dougie,” Russell, and Mildred. He looks for a house to buy. Russell and Mildred lend $20,000 toward its purchase, secured by a chattel mortgage on George’s art works. Meanwhile, George has “squatter’s rights” to a studio arranged by Vogue. Soon he is introduced at Hollywood parties, a favorite of Janet Gaynor and husband “Adrian.” George sees visiting New York friends and old chums Katherine Anne Porter and Isherwood, both writing for movies. Awaiting completion of the Vogue studio, George enlists his house for workspace. His sittings catch new cinema heartthrobs Kirk Douglas, Burt Lancaster, and Frenchman Louis Jourdan. Culturally elevated subjects include West Coast German/Austrian émigrés Bertolt Brecht, Arnold Schoenberg, and Thomas Mann. The last produces a telling account of a German intellectual exiled to the manicured environs of sunny Hollywood. George maintains a wistful correspondence with Monroe. He travels to Hawaii for a Vogue article.
“Vogue-vagueness”
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
George is frustrated by Alexander Liberman’s displeasure with his Mann portraits and by delayed completion of Vogue Studio. House renovation costs discourage travel East. His decorators initiate a lawsuit. On business in New York, George joins Vogue photographers in a group portrait by Irving Penn. Barbara Wescott is hospitalized for depression in spring 1947. In Hollywood, George invites “ice cream impresario” Wilbur Wright to rent a room with his young lover, Randy Jack. Wilbur and George do not get on, but Randy remains, sharing George’s bed. Needing new quarters, Katherine Anne moves in with George and Randy. Anticipating a return to New York City, George scouts Junco Studios for workspace. George leaves Hollywood at the end of his two-year contract. By May 1948, he and Randy stay at Russell’s before renting on East 52nd. Soon, Randy is gone. Within weeks, George takes up with an ex of Bernard Perlin’s, the appealing and self-sufficient Chuck Howard.
Dr. Kinsey, E. M. Forster, and Bob
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the spring of 1949, Monroe hosts a dinner honoring English novelist E. M. Forster, in New York to deliver a lecture. Monie invites Alfred C. Kinsey, whose Sexual Behavior in the Human Male was a recent best-seller. Monie and Glenway have befriended Kinsey and introduce him to artist-subjects for interview. Glenway advises Kinsey on erotic literature and pornography. George and Adelaide attend for pre-dinner drinks. Kinsey becomes interested in Lynes’s male nudes. George arranges a sitting with Forster and his companion, policeman Bob Buckingham, after they spend Memorial Day weekend at Stone-blossom. The pictures capture the couple in direct appeal to the camera, Buckingham matinee-idol handsome, and owlish Forster in colloquy with his own thoughts. Kirstein’s Ballet Society premieres Stravinsky-Balanchine’s Orpheus, encouraging New York City Center to have Kirstein form the New York City Ballet in 1948. In 1950, Lynes poses the male principals nude in Orpheus’s central pas de deux, creating a sublime suite of images.