bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Current Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2009 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Lu Yimeng , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Siwen , Li Shuyu , Tan Jichun 
Published: June 2022

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the body. This study aims to introduce the research status, analyze the research hotspots, and predict the development trend through bibliometric analysis of MSC-EVs.Methods: We searched all relevant literature on MSC-EVs from 2009 to 2021 in the Web of Science. R-bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were used to visualize the quantitative analysis of the published literature, including co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, and co-citation, to provide objective presentation and predictions in the field.Results: A total of 1595 articles and reviews on MSC-EVs published between 2009 and 2021 were identified. The annual publication outputs increased at an exponential rate, reaching as high as 555 publications in 2021. China contributed the most publications (n = 899, 56.36%) and had the most citations (n = 24,210). The United States had the strongest intensity of cooperation in this field. Shanghai Jiao Tong University had the maximum number of publications (n = 79). In terms of the number of publications and co-citations, the journal of Stem cell research &amp; therapy ranked first. Camussi G was the most productive and most cited author. The top three themes in the research area were cell biology, research experimental medicine, and biochemistry molecular biology. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation clustering analysis revealed that studies of MSC-EVs covered cellular origin (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell), injurious diseases (spinal cord injury, acute lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, traumatic brain injury), tumor (breast cancer, tumor microenvironment), biological processes (drug delivery system, angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, senescence), and molecular mechanisms (signaling pathway, signal transduction, oxidative stress, VEGF, TGF β).Conclusions: Studies on MSC-EVs have shown a steep growth trend in recent years. Available studies mostly focused on the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of MSC-EVs in aplastic diseases. Multidisciplinary integration is a development trend in this field, and senescence-related topics might be the focus of future research on MSC-EVs.
Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?
Authors: Shaw Paige A. , Forsyth Ewan , Haseeb Fizza , Yang Shufan , Bradley Mark , Klausen Maxime 
Published: June 2022

The way in which photons travel through biological tissues and subsequently become scattered or absorbed is a key limitation for traditional optical medical imaging techniques using visible light. In contrast, near-infrared wavelengths, in particular those above 1000 nm, penetrate deeper in tissues and undergo less scattering and cause less photo-damage, which describes the so-called “second biological transparency window”. Unfortunately, current dyes and imaging probes have severely limited absorption profiles at such long wavelengths, and molecular engineering of novel NIR-II dyes can be a tedious and unpredictable process, which limits access to this optical window and impedes further developments. Two-photon (2P) absorption not only provides convenient access to this window by doubling the absorption wavelength of dyes, but also increases the possible resolution. This review aims to provide an update on the available 2P instrumentation and 2P luminescent materials available for optical imaging in the NIR-II window.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve Implantations Using Inverted J-Valve
Authors: Liu Lulu , Xiao Bowen , Wu Binggang , Guo Yingqiang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAs bioprosthetic valves are being widely used, the incidence of structural valve deterioration increases, as well as the need for reoperation. Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantations are being increasingly adopted as an alternative to redo-surgical mitral replacement for patients with high surgical risks. This study reports a series of transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantations using inverted J-valves.MethodsFrom April 2019 to September 2021, 17 symptomatic high-risk patients with mitral bioprosthetic valve dysfunction underwent transapical transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantations using inverted J-valves at our institution.ResultsThe median age was 70 years, with 76.5% being female. The median Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS PROM) was 17.2% (8.7–82.24%). All patients had successful transapical transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantations except for one intraoperative death due to left ventricle rupture. Four patients underwent simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation, two of which had valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation. There was no major complication except one case of bleeding. Thirty-day mortality was 11.8% (2/17), and 90-days mortality was 23.5% (4/17). Percentages of patients with New York Heart Association class III/IV symptoms decreased from 100 (17/17) to 20% (3/15) at 30-days. Median mitral inflow velocity was 1.95 mm/s at 30 days, compared to 2.7 mm/s at baseline. Median mitral valve effective orifice area increases from 1.5 mm at baseline to 1.85 mm at 30 days.ConclusionTranscatheter transapical valve-in-valve implantations with J-valve can be a plausible solution to failed mitral bioprosthesis with acceptable results for high-risk patients.
Treatment of Hyperlactatemia in Acute Circulatory Failure Based on CO2-O2-Derived Indices: Study Protocol for a Prospective, Multicentric, Single, Blind, Randomized, Superiority Study (The LACTEL Study)
Authors: Caruso Vincenza , Besch Guillaume , Nguyen Maxime , Pili-Floury Sebastien , Bouhemad Belaid , Guinot Pierre-Grégoire ,   the Lactel Study Group
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHyperlactatemia is a biological marker of tissue hypoperfusion with well-known diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications in shock states. In daily clinical practice, it is difficult to find out the exact mechanism underlying hyperlactatemia. Central venous to arterial CO2 difference (pCO2 gap) is a better parameter of tissue hypoperfusion than the usual ones (clinical examination and mixed venous saturation). Furthermore, the ratio between the pCO2 gap and p(v–a)CO2/C(a–v)O2 may be a promising indicator of anaerobic metabolism, allowing for the identification of different causes of tissue hypoxia and hyperlactatemia. The main aim of the study is to demonstrate that initial hemodynamic resuscitation based on an algorithm integrating the pCO2 gap and p(v–a)CO2/C(a–v)O2 ratio vs. usual clinical practice in acute circulatory failure improves lactate clearance.MethodsLACTEL is a randomized, prospective, multicentric, controlled study. It compares the treatment of hyperlactatemia using an algorithm based on the pCO2 gap and P(v–a)CO2/C(a–v)O2 ratio vs. usual clinical practice in acute circulatory failure. A total of 90 patients were enrolled in each treatment group. The primary endpoint is the number of patients with a lactate clearance of more than 10% 2 h after inclusion. Lactate levels were monitored during the first 48 h of treatment as hemodynamic parameters, biological markers of organ failure, and 28-day mortality.DiscussionpCO2 derivate indices may be of better interest than routine clinical indices to differentiate causes of hyperlactatemia and diagnose anaerobiosis. LACTEL results will provide clinical insights into the role of these indices in the early hemodynamic management of acute circulatory failure in the ICU.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT05032521.
Non-linear Associations Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Results From the NHANES (1999–2018)
Authors: Zhang Yangchang , He Qiang , Zhang Weihao , Xiong Yang , Shen Shisi , Yang Jialu , Ye Mengliang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs) in the American population from 1999 to 2018.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998–2018) were analyzed in this study. Specifically, VAI scores were calculated using sex-specific equations that incorporate body mass index, waist circumference (WC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol. Weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between VAI tertile and increased risk of CCDs. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the non-linear relationship between VAI and CCDs, such as heart failure, angina, heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, using VAI quartiles as independent variables.ResultsA total of 22,622 subjects aged over 20 years were included. In the fully adjusted model after controlling for covariates, the third VAI tertile was more strongly associated with CCDs than the first VAI tertile, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) values for angina of 2.86, 1.68–4.85; heart attack, 1.75, 1.14–2.69; stroke, 2.01, 1.23–3.26; hypertension, 2.28, 1.86–2.78; and coronary heart disease, 1.78, 1.32–2.41; but there was no significant association with heart failure (p &gt; 0.05). Restricted cubic splines revealed parabolic relationships between VAI score and angina (p for non-linear = 0.03), coronary heart disease (p for non-linear = 0.01), and hypertension (p for non-linear &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the fourth VAI quartile was more strongly associated with an increased risk of angina (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.49–5.69), hypertension (OR = 2.37, 95% CI, 1.90–2.97), heart attack (OR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.09–2.88), and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.24–2.86) than the first VAI quartile. VAI had superior predictive power for prevalent CCDs than other independent indicators (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionVisceral adiposity index score is positively correlated with angina, heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, but not heart failure, and the relationships between VAI score and angina, hypertension, and coronary heart disease are non-linear.
Qia’erdunbasixi Fe–Cu Deposit in Sawur, Xinjiang: A Case Study of Skarn Deposit Hosted by Volcanic Rock
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhou Qiu-Shi , Wang Rui , Zhu Yongfeng 
Published: June 2022

The Sawur Cu–Au belt, northern Xinjiang, China, is the eastward extension of the Zarma–Sawur Cu–Au belt in Kazakhstan, where Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks and intrusions are highly developed. The Qia’erdunbasixi Fe–Cu deposit in Sawur is a recently discovered deposit and is still under exploration. The intrusive rocks are syenite and diorite, and the wall rocks consist of andesite and minor basalt, lamprophyre, and tuff. The U–Pb SHRIMP zircon age of the Qia’erdunbasixi syenite intruding into the volcanic rocks is 345 ± 2.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), presenting as the lower limit of skarn Fe mineralization. The intrusives belong to the calc–alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline series with large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment, high LREE/HREE fractionation, and high field strength element (HFSE) depletion. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Qia’erdunbasixi syenite range from 0.70403 to 0.70420, and the εNd(t) values are from +5.5 to +6.8, which are the typical characteristics of island arc igneous rocks. Diorites having similar REE features with syenite should share the same magma source. Magnetite and copper mineralization develop mostly along the contact zones of syenite and diorite, respectively. Fe mineralization develops along the contact zone of syenite, with typical skarn zonation. The metallogenesis event can be divided into the prograde skarn stage (diopside–augite–andradite–magnetite–calcite–quartz), retrograde skarn stage (epidote–chlorite–actinolite–K-feldspar–calcite–magnetite–quartz), and quartz–sulfide stage (quartz–magnetite–K-feldspar–calcite–sercite–chlorite–actinolite–prehnite–chalcopyrite–pyrite). The early–mid-stage magnetite with certain amounts of Ti and V was crystallized from magma, while the late-stage magnetite has the typical characteristics of hydrothermal calcic skarn magnetite. The temperature of mineralization is between 350 and 450°C based on mineral assemblages and phase diagrams. Copper mineralization is concentrated along the outer contact zone of the diorite. Paragenesis sequences of the four stages of mineralization could be identified for copper mineralization: 1) albite–quartz; 2) chalcopyrite–pyrite–gold–seriate–quartz; 3) chalcopyrite–pyrite–epidotic–reunite; and 4) sphalerite–galena–quartz–calcite. Qia’erdunbasixi is a composite deposit with skarn-type Fe mineralization and mesothermal Cu mineralization and has a genetic relationship with magmatism in an island arc setting.
The Snowline and 0°C Isotherm Altitudes During Precipitation Events in the Dry Subtropical Chilean Andes as Seen by Citizen Science, Surface Stations, and ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Schauwecker Simone , Palma Gabriel , MacDonell Shelley , Ayala Álvaro , Viale Maximiliano 
Published: June 2022

Understanding the variability of the snowline and the closely related 0°C isotherm during infrequent precipitation events in the dry Andes in Chile is fundamental for precipitation, snow cover, and discharge predictions. For instance, it is known that on the windward side of mountains, the 0°C isotherm can be several hundreds of meters lower than on the free air upwind counterpart, but little is understood about such effects in the Andes due to missing in situ evidence on the precipitation phase. To bridge this gap, 111 photographs of the snowline after precipitation events between 2011 and 2021 were gathered in the frame of a citizen science programme to estimate the snowline altitude. Since photographs of the mountain snowline are in good agreement with Sentinel-2 imagery, they have great potential to validate empirical snowline estimations. Using the snowline altitude from the photos, we evaluated different methods to estimate the snowline and 0°C isotherm altitude during precipitation events based on surface meteorological observations and ERA5 reanalysis data. We found a high correlation between the observed snowline altitude and the extrapolated 0°C isotherm based on constant lapse rates (−5.5 to −6.5°C km−1) applied to air temperature from single, near stations. However, uncertainty increases for distances &gt;10 km. The results also indicate that the linear regression method is a good option to estimate ZSL, but the results strongly depend on the availability of high-elevation station datasets. During half of the precipitation events, the 0°C isotherm lies between ∼1,800 and ∼2,400–2,500 m asl. in winter, and the snowline is on average ∼280 m below this altitude. Our results indicate the presence of a mesoscale lowering of the 0°C isotherm over the windward slopes compared to the free-air upwind value during precipitation events and a possible isothermal layer of near-freezing air temperatures comparable to other mountain ranges. Due to this mesoscale and local behavior, ERA5 data generally overestimate the snow–rain transition in high-elevation areas, especially for relatively intense events. On the other hand, the 0°C isotherm altitude is underestimated if only low-elevation valley stations are considered, highlighting the importance of high-altitude meteorological stations in the network.
From Farm to Flight: CoverCress as a Low Carbon Intensity Cash Cover Crop for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production. A Review of Progress Towards Commercialization
Authors: Phippen Winthrop B. , Rhykerd Rob , Sedbrook John C. , Handel Cristine , Csonka Steve 
Published: June 2022

Thlaspi arvense L. (Field Pennycress; pennycress) is being converted into a winter-annual oilseed crop that confers cover crop benefits when grown throughout the 12 million-hectares U.S. Midwest. To ensure a fit with downstream market demand, conversion involves not only improvements in yield and maturity through traditional breeding, but also improvements in the composition of the oil and protein through gene editing tools. The conversion process is similar to the path taken to convert rapeseed into Canola. In the case of field pennycress, the converted product that is suitable as a rotational crop is called CoverCress™ as marketed by CoverCress Inc. or golden pennycress if marketed by others. Off-season integration of a CoverCress crop into existing corn and soybean hectares would extend the growing season on established croplands and avoid displacement of food crops or ecosystems while yielding up to 1 billion liters of seed oil annually by 2030, with the potential to grow to 8 billion liters from production in the U.S. Midwest alone. The aviation sector is committed to carbon-neutral growth and reducing emissions of its global market, which in 2019 approached 122 billion liters of consumption in the U.S. and 454 billion liters globally. The oil derived from a CoverCress crop is ideally suited as a new bioenergy feedstock for the production of drop-in Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), renewable diesel, biodiesel and other value-added coproducts. Through a combination of breeding and genomics-enabled mutagenesis approaches, considerable progress has been made in genetically improving yield and other agronomic traits. With USDA-NIFA funding and continued public and private investments, improvements to CoverCress germplasm and agronomic practices suggest that field-scale production can surpass 1,680 kg ha−1 (1,500 lb ac−1) in the near term. At current commodity prices, economic modeling predicts this level of production can be profitable across the entire supply chain. Two-thirds of the grain value is in oil converted to fuels and chemicals, and the other one-third is in the meal used as an animal feed, industrial applications, and potential plant-based protein products. In addition to strengthening rural communities by providing income to producers and agribusinesses, cultivating a CoverCress crop potentially offers a myriad of ecosystem services. The most notable service is water quality protection through reduced nutrient leaching and reduced soil erosion. Biodiversity enhancement by supporting pollinators’ health is also a benefit. While the efforts described herein are focused on the U.S., cultivation of a CoverCress crop will likely have a broader application to regions around the world with similar agronomic and environmental conditions.
A Detailed Investigation Into the Wave Energy Resource at a Small-Scale Ocean Energy Test Site in China
Authors: Fang Yizhou , Wu He , Zhou Qingwei , Jiang Bo , Wang Xiaoyong 
Published: June 2022

During the R&amp;D of marine renewable energy converters, scale models are usually used in the early stages of development of marine renewable energy converters. China’s National Ocean Integrated Test Site (NOITS) is being developed by the National Ocean Technology Center (NOTC) in Weihai, Shandong Province, to facilitate testing of scaled wave and tidal energy converters in an open sea environment. This research aims to gain a detailed understanding of the wave characteristics and the wave energy resource at this site. A nested modeling system has been implemented using Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) to provide a 10-year high-resolution wave hindcast between 2009 and 2019 with an approximately 60 m resolution covering the test site. Analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of wave energy resource in NOITS reveals its strong seasonality, with the mean wave power density of &gt;1.5 kW/m during winter and &lt;0.2 kW/m during summer. We also performed a statistical analysis of the high and extreme wave conditions and their occurrence. By applying scaling methods to wave resources, four WECs were selected to demonstrate the testing at different scale ratios in NOITS. The results of this study provide engineering references for the design of scale wave energy converter models which target to perform open sea trials in NOITS.
Assessment of Soil Erosion Potential From the Disturbed Surface of Skid Trails in Small Shovel Harvesting System
Authors: Lee Eunjai , Eu Song , Li Qiwen 
Published: June 2022

Forest roads, haul roads, and especially skid trails have been associated with sedimentation and soil erosion risk. Despite the widespread small shovel harvesting system on steep terrains in South Korea, the subsequent risks of deep (rut depth &gt;5 cm) and compact disturbances, and erosion rates in skid trails are largely unknown. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to compare the soil erosion rate in each skid trail and predict the total soil erosion rate in a small shovel harvesting area. The soil erosion rate was measured at the plot scale (5 × 3 m) in different skid trail parts (bladed skid trail by small-shovel loader passage, BT; and compacted skid trail CT by carrier passage with construction by a small-shovel loader) using a silt fence experiment. In addition, we investigated the applicability of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model to each disturbance. Among all disturbances, the highest erosion rate (average value of 9.13 ± 0.96 kg m−2 4 months−1) was because of CT. The model predictions were over- and under-estimated and showed particularly poor performance where uncovered soil was exposed (less than 1%) to high machine traffic frequency and excavation. Further, the annual soil erosion rates ranged from 11.59 to 28.94 ton ha−1 year−1. The results suggested that the WEPP model could partially validate the soil erosion results, and further research is still required to improve the accuracy of the model.