bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral monitoring in a pig model of cardiac arrest with 48 h of intensive care
Authors: Vammen Lauge , Johannsen Cecilie Munch , Magnussen Andreas , Povlsen Amalie , Petersen Søren Riis , Azizi Arezo , Pedersen Michael , Korshøj Anders Rosendal , Ringgaard Steffen , Løfgren Bo , Andersen Lars W. , Granfeldt Asger 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Neurological injury is the primary cause of death after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. There is a lack of studies investigating cerebral injury beyond the immediate post-resuscitation phase in a controlled cardiac arrest experimental setting.

Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in measures of cerebral injury and metabolism in a cardiac arrest pig model with clinically relevant post-cardiac arrest intensive care. A cardiac arrest group (n = 11) underwent 7 min of no-flow and was compared with a sham group (n = 6). Pigs underwent intensive care with 24 h of hypothermia at 33 °C. Blood markers of cerebral injury, cerebral microdialysis, and intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured. After 48 h, pigs underwent a cerebral MRI scan. Data are presented as median [25th; 75th percentiles].

Results
Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 7/11 pigs. Time to ROSC was 4.4 min [4.2; 10.9]. Both NSE and NfL increased over time (p < 0.001), and were higher in the cardiac arrest group at 48 h (NSE 4.2 µg/L [2.4; 6.1] vs 0.9 [0.7; 0.9], p < 0.001; NfL 63 ng/L [35; 232] vs 29 [21; 34], p = 0.02). There was no difference in ICP at 48 h (17 mmHg [14; 24] vs 18 [13; 20], p = 0.44). The cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio had secondary surges in 3/7 cardiac arrest pigs after successful resuscitation. Apparent diffusion coefficient was lower in the cardiac arrest group in white matter cortex (689 × 10–6 mm2/s [524; 765] vs 800 [799; 815], p = 0.04) and hippocampus (854 [834; 910] vs 1049 [964; 1180], p = 0.03). N-Acetylaspartate was lower on MR spectroscopy in the cardiac arrest group (− 17.2 log [− 17.4; − 17.0] vs − 16.9 [− 16.9; − 16.9], p = 0.03).

Conclusions
We have developed a clinically relevant cardiac arrest pig model that displays cerebral injury as marked by NSE and NfL elevations, signs of cerebral oedema, and reduced neuron viability. Overall, the burden of elevated ICP was low in the cardiac arrest group. A subset of pigs undergoing cardiac arrest had persisting metabolic disturbances after successful resuscitation.
Estimated incidence of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV infections across age and socioeconomic groups
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Warren Joshua L. , Shapiro Eugene D. , Pitzer Virginia E. , Weinberger Daniel M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) likely captures just a fraction of the burden of disease. Understanding the burden of hospitalizations and disparities between populations can help to inform upcoming RSV vaccine programs and to improve surveillance.

Methods
We obtained monthly age-, ZIP code- and cause-specific hospitalizations in New York, New Jersey, and Washington from the US State Inpatient Databases (2005–2014). We estimated the incidence of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV by age and by socioeconomic status using regression models. We compared the estimated incidence and the recorded incidence (based on ICD9-CM) of RSV hospitalizations to estimate the under-recorded ratio in different subpopulations.

Results
The estimated annual incidence of respiratory hospitalizations due to RSV was highest among infants < 1 year of age with low socioeconomic status (2800, 95% CrI [2600, 2900] per 100,000 person-years). We also estimated a considerable incidence in older adults (≥ 65 years of age), ranging from 130 to 960 per 100,000 person-years across different socioeconomic strata. The incidence of hospitalization recorded as being due to RSV represented a significant undercount, particularly in adults. Less than 5% of the estimated RSV hospitalizations were captured for those ≥ 65 years of age.

Conclusions
RSV causes a considerable burden of hospitalization in young children and in older adults in the US, with variation by socioeconomic group. Recorded diagnoses substantially underestimate the incidence of hospitalization due to RSV in older adults.
Assessing swidden land use in Myanmar by decision tree-based detection method using landsat imagery
Authors: Chan Nyein , Swe Khin Nilar , Kyaw Khin Thu Wint , Ko Ko La Minn , Win Kyaw , Aung Nway Nway , Oo Thet , Maung Maung Zwe , Thein Zar Zar Win 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSwidden agriculture is a common land use found in the mountainous regions, especially in Southeast Asia. In Myanmar, the swidden agriculture has been practicing as an important livelihood strategy of millions of people, mainly by the ethnic groups. However, the extent of swidden agriculture in Myanmar is still in question. Therefore, we attempted to detect swidden patches and estimate the swidden extent in Myanmar using free available Landsat images on Google Earth Engine in combination with a decision tree-based plot detection method. We applied the commonly used indices such as dNBR, RdNBR, and dNDVI, statistically tested their threshold values to select the most appropriate combination of the indices and thresholds for the detection of swidden, and assessed the accuracy of each set of index and thresholds using ground truth data and visual interpretation of sample points outside the test site. The results showed that dNBR together with RdNBR, slope and elevation demonstrated higher accuracy (84.25%) compared to an all-index combination (dNBR, RdNBR, dNDVI, slope, and elevation). Using the best-fit pair, we estimated the extent of swidden at national level. The resulting map showed that the total extent of swidden in Myanmar was about 0.1 million ha in 2016, which is much smaller than other previously reported figures. Also, swidden patches were mostly observed in Shan State, followed by Chin State. In this way, this study primarily estimated the total extent of swidden area in Myanmar at national level and proved that the use of a decision tree-based detection method with appropriate vegetation indices and thresholds is highly applicable to the estimation of swidden extent on a regional basis. Also, as Myanmar is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia in area with a great majority of the population living in rural areas, and many in the mountains, its land resources are of great relevance to the people’s livelihoods and thereby the nation’s progress. Therefore, this study will contribute to sustainable land management planning on both regional and national scale.
Ethnic inequalities in involuntary admission under the Mental Health Act: an exploration of mediation effects of clinical care prior to the first admission
Authors: Freitas Daniela Fonseca , Walker Susan , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Downs Johnny , Patel Rashmi , Khondoker Mizanur , Bhui Kamaldeep , Hayes Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundStudies show ethnic inequalities in rates of involuntary admission and types of clinical care (such as psychological therapies). However, few studies have investigated if there is a relationship between clinical care practices and ethnic inequalities in involuntary admission.AimsThis study investigated the impact of ethnicity and clinical care on involuntary admission and the potential mediation effects of prior clinical care.MethodIn this retrospective cohort study, we used data from the electronic records of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and identified patients with a first hospital admission between January 2008 and May 2021. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were used to investigate the association between ethnicity and involuntary admission, and whether clinical care, in the 12 months preceding admission, mediates the association.ResultsCompared with White British people, higher odds of involuntary admission were observed among 10 of 14 minority ethnic groups; with more than twice the odds observed among people of Asian Chinese, of Asian Bangladeshi and of any Black background. There were some ethnic differences in clinical care prior to admission, but these had a minimal impact on the inequalities in involuntary admission. More out-patient appointments and home treatment were associated with higher odds of involuntary admission, whereas psychological therapies and having a care plan were associated with reduced odds of involuntary admission.ConclusionsEthnic inequalities in involuntary admission persist after accounting for potential mediating effects of several types and frequencies of clinical care. Promoting access to psychological therapies and ensuring that care plans are in place may reduce involuntary admissions.
Prescriptions of psychopharmacologic drugs in Austria in 2019 and 2020 – Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Winkler Dietmar , Reichardt Berthold , Rothenberg Max , Rujescu Dan , Pjrek Edda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Measures to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have an impact on the mental health of the general population. Drug prescription rates can be used as a surrogate marker to estimate help seeking and health parameters of a population. The aim of this study was to compare psychopharmacologic drug prescriptions in Austria from the start of the pandemic in 2020 over time and with the previous year and to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020.

Methods
Data from the three largest public health insurances in Austria, covering over 98% of the general population, were analyzed. A total of 1,365,294 patients with a prescription of a psychopharmacologic drug in the months March to December in 2019 and 2020 were selected.

Results
There was no significant change in prescribed defined daily doses (DDDs) during the lockdowns. However, there was a stockpiling effect before and at the beginning of lockdown 1. The number of new patients initiating psychopharmacologic treatment was significantly reduced during lockdown 1 but not during lockdown 2.

Conclusions
The first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 functioned as a barrier for new psychiatric patients seeking help, whereas the patients with ongoing treatments did not have significant problems. These results have to be taken into account for future planning, but follow-up studies are needed, as our results could be indicative of a change in the effect of the protective measures on the utilization of the healthcare system over time.
The miR156 juvenility factor and PLETHORA 2 form a regulatory network and influence timing of meristem growth and lateral root emergence
Authors: Laskowski Marta J. , Tiley Helene C. , Fang Yiling , Epstein Anabel , Fu Yuyang , Ramos Roberto , Drummond Thomas J. , Heidstra Renze , Bhakhri Priyanka , Baskin Tobias I. , Leyser Ottoline 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Plants develop throughout their lives: seeds become seedlings that mature and form fruits and seeds. Although the underlying mechanisms that drive these developmental phase transitions have been well elucidated for shoots, the extent to which they affect the root is less clear. However, root anatomy does change as some plants mature; meristems enlarge and radial thickening occurs. Here, in Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that overexpressing miR156A, a gene that promotes the juvenile phase, increased the density of the root system, even in grafted plants in which only the rootstock had the overexpression genotype. In the root, overexpression of miR156A resulted in lower levels of PLETHORA 2, a protein that affects formation of the meristem and elongation zone. Crossing in an extra copy of PLETHORA 2 partially rescued the effects of miR156A overexpression on traits affecting root architecture, including meristem length and the rate of lateral root emergence. Consistent with this, PLETHORA 2 also inhibited the root-tip expression of another miR156 gene, miR156C. We conclude that the system driving phase change in the shoot affects developmental progression in the root, and that PLETHORA 2 participates in this network.
Direct and indirect costs attributed to alcohol consumption in Brazil, 2010 to 2018
Authors: de Freitas Mariana Gonçalves , Silva Everton Nunes da 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the main risk factor for death and disability in the world population between 15 to 49 years old, is related to more than 200 causes of death, and has an important economic impact on the health and social security systems. In 2016, three million deaths were attributable to alcohol worldwide and 131.4 million DALYs. In Brazil, alcohol consumption per inhabitant was 7.8 liters in 2016; and the prevalence of abusive consumption was 17.1% in 2019.ObjectiveEstimate the costs attributable of alcohol consumption in the Brazilian population 18 years-old and over, in the period 2010 to 2018.MethodsThis is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study, with a top-down and retrospective approach, including direct costs (hospital and outpatient) and indirect costs (absenteeism from work) related to alcohol consumption. A list of diseases and conditions for which alcohol is a risk factor was used, and the Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was calculated to estimate what portion of the cost of these diseases is attributable to alcohol consumption. Prevalence was calculated by sex and level of alcohol consumption, based on data from the 2019 National Health Survey. Relative risk data were identified by disease/injury and level of daily consumption obtained from the Global Burden Disease study in 2017. The cost data used are from the Brazilian Unified Health System and social security system. All costs were adjusted for inflation for the period and converted to purchasing power parity.ResultsPrevalence data revealed that 73.6% of the Brazilian population reported not consuming alcoholic beverages, which included 62.9% of men and 83.0% of women. The lowest values for the PAR were found at the consumption range of 60 grams per day. Although the 12 grams per day consumption category is the least in terms of the quantity of alcohol consumed, it is one of the main ones in terms of PAR, given the higher prevalence of consumption. The total cost attributable to alcohol between 2010 and 2018 was Int$ 1,487,417,115.43, of which Int$ 737,834,696.89 was for hospital expenses, Int$ 416,052,029.75 for outpatient care, and Int$ 333,530,388.79 due to absenteeism from work.ConclusionFew comprehensive studies of alcohol-related costs have been developed, which suggests a knowledge gap in Brazil and worldwide and indicates the need for more research in this area. Understanding the economic impact of alcohol consumption is essential to help measure this public health problem in all its aspects and encourage implementation of public policies.
Nothing really changed: Arizona patient experience of methadone and buprenorphine access during COVID
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Bentele Keith G. , Russell Danielle M. , Brady Benjamin R. , Downer Missy , Garcia Roberto C. , Garnett Irene , Lutz Rebecca , Mahoney Arlene , Samorano Savannah , Arredondo Christina , Andres Honey J. , Coles Haley , Granillo Brenda 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To understand patient experience of federal regulatory changes governing methadone and buprenorphine (MOUD) access in Arizona during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This community-based participatory and action research study involved one-hour, audio-recorded field interviews conducted with 131 people who used methadone and/or buprenorphine to address opioid use disorder at some point during COVID (January 1, 2020- March 31, 2021) in Arizona. Transcribed data were analyzed using a priori codes focused on federally recommended flexibilities governing MOUD access. Data were quantitated to investigate associations with COVID risk and services access.

Results
Telehealth was reported by 71.0% of participants, but the majority were required to come to the clinic to attend video appointments with an offsite provider. Risk for severe COVID outcomes was reported by 40.5% of the sample. Thirty-eight percent of the sample and 39.7% of methadone patients were required to be at the clinic daily to get medication and 47.6% were at high risk for COVID severe outcomes. About half (54.2%) of methadone patients indicated that some form of multi-day take home dosing was offered at their clinic, and 45.8% were offered an extra day or two of multi-day doses; but no participants received the federally allowed 14- or 28-day methadone take-home doses for unstable and stable patients respectively. All participants expressed that daily clinic visits interrupted their work and home lives and desired more take-home dosing and home delivery options.

Conclusions
MOUD patients in Arizona were not offered many of the federally allowed flexibilities for access that were designed to reduce their need to be at the clinic. To understand the impact of these recommended treatment changes in Arizona, and other states where they were not well implemented, federal and state regulators must mandate these changes and support MOUD providers to implement them.
Psychological impact, coping behaviors, and traumatic stress among healthcare workers during COVID-19 in Taiwan: An early stage experience
Authors: Lee Meng-Chun , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Hsieh Pei-Hsuan , Ling Cheng-Hua , Yang Cheng-Chia , Chang Yu-Chia , Yeh Li-Yeuh , Hung Hung-Chang , Yeh Te-Feng 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study investigated the psychological impact on, coping behaviors of, and traumatic stress experienced by healthcare workers during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and formulated effective support strategies that can be implemented by hospitals and government policymakers to help healthcare staff overcome the pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited clinical healthcare workers at a regional hospital in Nantou County, Taiwan. The questionnaire collected personal characteristics, data on the impact and coping behaviors of the pandemic, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). A total of 354 valid questionnaires were collected. The statistical methods employed were univariate and multivariate stepwise regression, and logistic regression.

Results
Perceived impact and coping behaviors were found to be moderate in degree, and traumatic stress was lower than that in other countries. However, our data identified the following subgroups that require special attention: those with young age, those living with minor children, nurses, those with self-rated poor mental health, and those with insufficient COVID-19-related training.

Conclusion
Managers should pay particular attention to helping healthcare workers in high-risk groups, strengthen COVID-19 training, provide adequate protective equipment and shelter, and offer psychological counseling.
Association of affective disorders and MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR gene polymorphisms: preliminary results of a family study
Authors: Kasyanov E. D. , Zhilyaeva T. V. , Maso G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Genetic polymorphisms associated with impaired one-carbon metabolism (1-CM) can be a risk factor not only for somatic and neurological diseases, but also for affective disorders (AD).Objective: to compare the frequency of genetic polymorphisms MTHFR, MTR, MTRR associated with 1-CM disorders among patients with AD, their blood relatives and healthy individuals.Patients and methods. This cross-sectional study of the frequency of genetic polymorphisms (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR) associated with 1-CM included patients with AD (n=24), their blood relatives (n=40), as well as a group of healthy individuals (n=35). All study participants underwent a structured diagnostic interview, as well as genetic analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. Patients with AD were statistically more likely to carry the minor allele C of the 1298A>C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and the minor allele G of the 2756A>G polymorphism of the MTR gene compared to the group of healthy individuals. The minor allele T of the 677C>T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was associated with longer depressive episodes, as well as with the presence of concomitant cardiovascular diseases in blood relatives of patients with AD.Conclusion. Genetic polymorphisms associated with 1-CM may contribute to familial aggregation of AD and somatic diseases. Further highquality family studies using molecular genetic methods are needed.
Impact of work and study during pandemic on the mental state of medical professionals
Authors: Medvedev V. E. , Dogotar O. A. , Lyzlova N. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a heavy increase in the incidence of development/exacerbation of mental disorders in healthcare workers. The relevance and importance of early detection of predisposition to the development of mental disorders is increasing not only among practicing physicians, but also among clinical residents and students of medical universities.Objective: to assess the emotional state in different groups of medical workers and medical students.Patients and methods. The study involved 110 doctors of both sexes, including 64 (68.2%) women and 46 (41.8%) men aged 26–40 years who took upgrade training courses at the RUDN University departments; 108 residents of the second year of study aged 24–26, of which 67 (62.1%) women and 41 (37.9%) men, and 43 students of the 1st year of RUDN University aged 17–19, of which 29 (67.4%) women and 14 (32.6%) men. The study was conducted in February–May 2021. The research methods included questionnaires and psychometric assessment of the condition of the subjects and statistical data processing.Results and discussion. We documented a high frequency of signs of psychopathological disorders such as anxiety (44.5%), depression (23.6%), asthenia (86.4%) and eating behavior disorders (up to 68.2%) among practicing physicians of various specialties and students (residents and students) during pandemic.Conclusion. The stressful impact of the pandemic on the work and training of medical professionals leads to a deterioration in their mental health.