bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional Multivariate Longitudinal Data for Survival Analysis of Cardiovascular Event Prediction in Young Adults: Insights from a Comparative Explainable Study
Authors: Nguyen Hieu T. , Vasconcellos Henrique D. , Keck Kimberley , Reis Jared P. , Lewis Cora E. , Sidney Steven , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Guallar Eliseo , Wu Colin O. , Lima João A.C. , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: High-dimensional, longitudinal data are under-utilized for survival analysis compared to cross-sectional data (CS - data collected once across cohort). Particularly in cardiovascular risk prediction, despite available methods of longitudinal data analysis, the value of longitudinal information has not been established in terms of improved predictive accuracy and clinical applicability.
Methods: We investigated the value of longitudinal data over and above the use of cross-sectional data via 6 distinct modeling strategies from statistics, machine learning, and deep learning that incorporate high-dimensional repeated measures for survival analysis of the time-to-cardiovascular event in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. We then examined and compared the use of model-specific interpretability methods (Random Survival Forest Variable Importance) and model-agnostic methods (SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) and Temporal Importance Model Explanation (TIME)) in cardiovascular risk prediction using the top-performing models.
Results: In a cohort of 3539 participants, longitudinal information from 35 variables that were repeatedly collected in 6 exam visits over 15 years improved subsequent long-term (17 years after) risk prediction by up to 8.3% in C-index compared to using baseline data (0.78 vs. 0.72), and up to approximately 4% compared to using the last observed CS data (0.75). Time-varying AUC was also higher in models using longitudinal data (0.86-0.87 at 5 years, 0.79-0.81 at 10 years) than using baseline or last observed CS data (0.80-0.86 at 5 years, 0.73-0.77 at 10 years). Comparative model interpretability analysis revealed the impact of longitudinal variables on model prediction on both the individual and global scales among different modeling strategies, as well as identifying the best time windows and best timing within that window for event prediction. The best strategy to incorporate longitudinal data for accuracy was time series massive feature extraction, and the easiest interpretable strategy was trajectory clustering.
Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates the added value of longitudinal data in predictive accuracy and epidemiological utility in cardiovascular risk survival analysis in young adults via a unified, scalable framework that compares model performance and explainability. The framework can be extended to a larger number of variables and other longitudinal modeling methods.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005130, Registration Date: 26/05/2000
Balance training benefits chronic ankle instability with generalized joint hypermobility: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hou Zongchen , Ao Yingfang , Hu Yuelin , Jiao Chen , Guo Qinwei , Li Nan , Jiang Yanfang , Jiang Dong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Balance training is the first choice of treatment for chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there is a lack of research on the effects of balance training in CAI with GJH. This study is to compare the outcomes of balance training in CAI patients with and without generalized joint hypermobility (GJH).
Methods: Forty CAI patients were assigned into the GJH group (Beighton≥4, 20) and non-GJH group (Beighton<4, 20). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze self-reported questionnaires (Foot and ankle ability measure, FAAM), the number of patients experiencing ankle sprain, isokinetic muscle strength and functional postural control tests (Star excursion balance test, SEBT and Balance errors system, BES) before training, post-training immediately, and 3 months post-training, respectively.
Results: No differences were found between groups at baseline except for worse postural stability in the GJH group. After the balance training, GJH group had greater improvements in the FAAM-S score, re-sprain ratio, dorsiflexion strength and plantarflexion strength at post-training immediately and 3 months than non-GJH group, and both groups had similarly increase in the FAAM-A score, muscle strength and balance control (SEBT in the posterior-lateral and posterior-medial direction, and BES scores) compared with baseline.
Conclusions: CAI patients with GJH achieved equally even better postural stability and muscle strength after the balance training than the non-GJH patients. Balance training could still be the preferred treatment for CAI patients with GJH before considering surgery.
Trial registration: ChiCTR1900023999, June 21st, 2019.
Trends and Determinants of the Use of Episiotomy in a Prospective Population-Based Registry from Central India
Authors: Austad Kirsten , Rao Sowmya , Hibberd Patricia , Patel Archana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Findings from research and recommendations from the World Health Organization favors restrictive use of episiotomy, but whether this guidance is being followed in India and factors associated with its use are not known.
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected by the Maternal Newborn Health Registry, a prospective population-based pregnancy registry established in Central India (Nagpur, Eastern Maharashtra). We examined mode of delivery and use of episiotomy in vaginal deliveries from 2014 to 2018, as well as maternal and birth characteristics, health systems factors, and concurrent obstetric interventions associations with its use with multivariable Poisson regression models.
Results: During the five-year interval, the rate of episiotomy in vaginal birth rose from 13% to 31% despite a decline in assisted vaginal delivery. In the adjusted analysis prior birth, multiple gestations, seven or more years of maternal education, higher gestational age, higher birthweight, delivery by an obstetrician (as compared to midwife or general physician), and birth in hospital (as compared to clinic or health center) were associated with episiotomy. After adjusting for these factors, year over year rise in episiotomy was significant with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.13; p=0.018]. We found an association between episiotomy and several other obstetrics interventions, with the strongest relationship for maternal treatment with antibiotics (AIRR 4.31, 95% CI 3.17 – 5.87; p=0.003).
Conclusions: Episiotomy in this population-based sample from central India steadily rose from 2014 to 2018. This increase over time was observed even after adjusting for patient characteristics, obstetric risk factors, and health system features, such as specialty of the delivery provider. Our findings have important implications for maternal-child health and respectful maternity care given that most women prefer to avoid episiotomy; they also highlight a potential target for antibiotic stewardship as part of global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Trial Registration: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under reference number NCT01073475.
Forensic application of epidermal expression of HSP27 and HSP70 for the determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin
Authors: Zhang Siying , Ishida Yuko , Ishigami Akiko , Nosaka Mizuho , Kuninaka Yumi , Yasuda Haruki , Kofuna Ayumi , Matsuki Jumpei , Osako Miyu , Zhang Wei , Kimura Akihiko , Furukawa Fukumi , Kondo Toshikazu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Estimating the age and vitality of human skin wounds is essential for forensic practice, and the use of immunohistochemical parameters for the same remains a challenge. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved, universal systems that protect the biological system from various types of stress. However, its importance in forensic pathology in determining wound activation of neck compression skin remains unclear. To understand the forensic applicability in determining wound vitality, the expression of HSP27 and HSP70 in neck skin samples was examined immunohistochemically. Skin samples were obtained from 45 cases of neck compression (hanging, 32 cases; strangulation, 10 cases; manual strangulation, two cases; other, one case) during forensic autopsies; intact skin from the same individual was used as a control. HSP27 expression was detected in 17.4% of keratinocytes in intact skin samples. In the compressed region, the frequency of HSP27 expression in keratinocytes was 75.8%, which was significantly higher than that in intact skin. Similarly, the frequency of HSP70 expression was 24.8% in intact skin and 81.9% in compressed skin, which was significantly higher in compressed skin than in intact skin. This increase in case compression cases may be due to the cell defense role of HSPs. From a forensic pathology perspective, immunohistochemical examination of HSP27 and HSP70 expression in neck skin can be seen as a valuable marker for diagnosing traces of prenatal compression.
Hippocampal theta oscillations represent collective dynamics of multineuronal membrane potentials
Authors: Noguchi Asako , Yamashiro Kotaro , Matsumoto Nobuyoshi , Ikegaya Yuji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Theta (θ) oscillations are one of the characteristic local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus and emerge during spatial navigation, exploratory sniffing, and rapid eye movement sleep. LFPs are thought to summarize multineuronal events, including synaptic currents and action potentials. However, no in vivo study to date has directly interrelated θ oscillations with the membrane potentials (Vm) of multiple neurons, and it remains unclear whether LFPs can be predicted from multineuronal Vms. Here, we simultaneously patch-clamped up to three CA1 pyramidal neurons in awake or anesthetized mice and found that the temporal evolution of the power and frequency of θ oscillations in Vms (θVms) were weakly but significantly correlated with LFP θ oscillations (θLFP) such that a deep neural network could predict the θLFP waveforms based on the θVm traces of three neurons. Therefore, individual neurons are loosely interdependent to ensure freedom of activity, but they partially share information to collectively produce θLFP.
Maize (Zea mays L.) responses to salt stress in terms of root anatomy, respiration and antioxidative enzyme activity
Authors: Hu Dandan , Li Rongfa , Dong Shuting , Zhang Jiwang , Zhao Bin , Ren Baizhao , Ren Hao , Yao Haiyan , Wang Ziqiang , Liu Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that affects crop yields. Roots play an important role in salt stress in plants. There are few studies, however, that analyse the response of maize to salt stress in terms of the development of root anatomy and respiration.Results:We found that salt stress treatments exhibited a significantly lower leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and catalase (CAT) activity. Our results also showed that salt-induced phytotoxicity introduced by the stress treatment caused the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Na+uptake and root-to-shoot Na+translocation rate to be higher than those in plants from the control groups. It should be noted that the detrimental effects of exposure to salt stress were more pronounced in plants of the YY7 variety than in those of the JNY658. Salt-tolerant JNY658 plants, which feature a relatively low metabolic cost for root formation, responded to salt stress by developing a much higher number of root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) than plants from the respective control group, as well as a larger cortical cell size (CCS) and a lower root cortical cell file number (CCFN), all of which help to maintain the formation of biomass when exposed to salt stress. The total respiration rate (RTotal) of plants of both varieties exposed to salt stress was lower than that of plants from the respective control groups, while the alternate oxidative respiration rate (RAOX) and RAOX/RTotalwere higher, where the response in the roots of JNY658 plants was significant. The net Na+and K+efﬂux rates from the roots of plants of both varieties were all higher than those from the roots of plants from the control group, where the strength of the response with respect to the net Na+efflux rate from the roots of JNY658 plants and the net K+efﬂux rate from roots of YY7 plants was remarkable. The increase in efflux rates reduced the Na+toxicity of the root and helped to maintain its ion balance.Conclusion:These results demonstrated that salt-tolerant maize varieties incur a relatively low metabolic cost required to establish a higher RCA, larger CCS and lower CCFN significantly reduced their RTotaland, that it also increased their RAOXand RAOX/RTotal, thereby counteracting the detrimental effect of oxidative damage on root respiration of root growth. In addition, when subjected to salt stress they exhibit a lower Na+ion uptake at the surface of their roots, which constrains the translocation of Na+to the rest of the plant and significantly reduces the level of Na+accumulation in leaves, thus preempting salt-stress induced impediments to the formation of shoot biomass.
Structure and Dynamics of a Protein Inside Endosomal Vesicles in Intact Human Cells
Authors: Kodama Takashi S. , Furuita Kyoko , Sugiki Toshihiko , Akagi Ken-ichi , Monobe Yoko , Enokizono Yoshiaki , Monden Noriko , Nakamura Misaki , Hattori Yoshikazu , Inomata Kohsuke , Shirakawa Masahiro , Tochio Hidehito , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Kojima Chojiro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With in-cell NMR, the structural and dynamic features of proteins can be analyzed directly in living cells at atomic resolution. However, in mammalian cells, such as human cells, the structural/dynamic features and physiological functions are not fully understood at atomic resolution. In this study, we developed a method for the highly viable and efficient introduction of stable isotope-labeled proteins into human cells by electrotransfection. Thus, it was possible to perform in-cell NMR to study the structural/dynamic features of intracellular proteins with a time resolution of a minute. The transfected proteins were localized in intracellular vesicles and gradually degraded as the vesicles acidified, which could be controlled by adding EDTA, a membrane-impermeable low molecular weight compound, during electrotransfection. With this method, we could then determine the precise structure and dynamics of proteins in endosomal vesicles. Our approach demonstrates that the combination of electrotransfection and in-cell NMR provides an opportunity to study the structural/dynamic features and physiological functions of molecules taken into intact cells.
Prediction of Post COVID-19 Impact on Indian people using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Pathak Peeyush Kumar , Tripathi Manish Madhava 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In current years of Covid-19 impact, COVID-19 is causing an unprecedented difficulty around the world, affecting people's lifestyle choices. The worldwide economy, vocation, and physical and mental prosperity have all been moved by the Covid disease (COVID-19) pandemic. On behalf of students, learning losses outside of the classroom could lead to even more long-term difficulties. Or on the basis of other working areas COVID-19 impact depends on the pandemic situation in area. The AI learning is another algorithm that assumes the most awesome aspect in varying backgrounds. AI (ML) - based forecast strategies have demonstrated helpful in foreseeing perioperative results and further developing dynamic about future exercises. The reason for this paper is to cover the effect of the COVID-19 scourge on the way of life decisions of the Indian public. The application of machine learning using ANN calculation on given data set is studied in detail on what Indian society endure due to Covid-19 and what future impact on their individual personality, that will help our society to learn more about pandemic like covid − 19 and we will prepare ourselves to fight against. An Machine Learning model has been developed to predict future impact on Indian population based on their physical, mental condition due to COVID-19 Pandemic.
Comparison of the Sediment Yield Estimation Using Bathymetric Survey and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation at Shumburit Reservoir, East Gojjam Zone Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Endalew Lake , Mulu Arega 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sediment accumulation is a major factor in reducing irrigation reservoir useful life as well as reducing the reservoir capacity. Therefore, the goal of this study was to estimate the volume of sediment accumulated in the reservoir using a bathymetric survey and to assess the watershed sediment yield to reservoirs using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) model. The bathymetric survey method involves subtracting the two-period capacities, one before dam construction and one after dam construction. On the other hand, the sediment deposition calculated by the MUSLE model over the last six years is estimated after determining the physical parameters (K, LS, C, and P factors) and runoff index (VQ and QP) from the watershed using ArcGIS 10.8 and Excel software. The bathymetric survey showed that 297,000m3 (362,340 tons) of sediment had accumulated in the reservoir over six years of operation, whereas the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation estimated 256,262.86 tons of sediment yield at the outlet of the watershed (inflow to the reservoir). This means the reservoir's total capacity has been reduced by 7.52 percent and 5.4 percent, respectively, over the last six years of operation, using a bathymetric survey and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation. According to the bathymetric survey results, the reservoir will not be functional for more than 15 years if the sediment rate remains the same as in the previous six years. Using the bathymetry method, the sedimentation rates of the dead storage and live storage zones were 31,666.67 m3/year and 48,333.33 m3/year, respectively. The watershed's sediment yield and specific sediment yield were determined using bathymetry survey results to be 61,371.95 tons/year and 45.46 tons/ha/year, respectively; whereas the sediment yield using the MUSLE model was 31.64 tons/ha/year.
The Diagnostic Value of Medical Thoracoscopy Pleural Biopsy, Ultrasound-guided Pleural Biopsy, and Closed Pleural Biopsy in Tuberculous Pleurisy: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Tao Tao , Bao Xiaoli , Wang Yangzhong , Tang Nan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and objective

For diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion in tuberculous pleurisy, medical thoracoscopic pleural biopsy (MTPB) enables direct vision and is most widely applied, although ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy (USPB) and closed pleural biopsy (CPB) are also viable. This retrospective study compared the diagnostic efficiencies and safety of USPB, CPB, and MTPB.

Methods

Patients enrolled from 2014 through 2020 underwent USPB, CPB, or MTPB (n = 69, 69, and 110, respectively). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare the diagnostic sensitivities of CPB, MTPB, and USPB. The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and hospitalization stay.

Results

PSM analysis resulted in 40 (USPB vs. CPB), 47 (USPB vs. MTPB), and 52 (CPB vs. MTPB) matched pairs. The diagnostic sensitivities of the USPB and CPB groups were 72.5% and 55.0% (P = 0.162); that of USPB and MTPB were 70.2% and 80.9% (P = 0.337); the CPB and MTPB groups were comparable(P = 0.152). The rates of associated pain and subcutaneous emphysema of the MTPB group were higher than that of the USPB or CPB (P = 0.000, both).Hospitalization time of the MTPB group was longest, and significantly longer than that of the USPB (P = 0.029).

Conclusions

While the three techniques were similarly effective in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy, USPB and CPB showed fewer associated complications and shorter hospital stays compared with MTPB. The image guidance offered by USPB benefited reduction in postoperative complications.
CDCA5 is a potent therapeutic target of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xun , Liu Jie , Liu Qiang , Zhou Jiale , Kong Wen , Huang Yiran , Xue Wei , Yang Fan , Huang Jiwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adult, and patients with advanced ccRCC are facing limited treatment options. Cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5), a key regulator for segregating sister chromatids in cell cycle, has been increasingly reported for a potential therapeutic target in multiple human cancers. However, the functional roles of CDCA5 in ccRCC remain uncertain. Here we identified that CDCA5 expression was frequently upregulated in ccRCC tumors and significantly associated with poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. To investigate the role of CDCA5 in ccRCC progression, loss function cell models were established. Knockdown of CDCA5 remarkably suppressed ccRCC cell proliferation and migration ability, and also induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the significance of CDCA5 in ccRCC was further demonstrated in a mouse xenograft model. Silencing of CDCA5 drastically inhibited in vivo tumorigenicity of ccRCC cells. Mechanically, we identified CDCA5 may cooperate with EEF1A1 to promote the tumorigenic phenotype of ccRCC. Overall, our results revealed the significant functional role of CDCA5 in ccRCC progression, which may pave a way for the development of new treatment strategies for ccRCC treatment.
The evaluation of learning platforms for experimental teaching of regional anatomy after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Jinyu , Xiong Liang , Li Hongwei , Zhang Lanfeng , Xu Nengquan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Based on the dominance of learner-centered active learning after the COVID-19 pandemic, finding suitable platforms is critical for experimental teaching of regional anatomy.
Methods
We investigated the satisfaction and preference of medical students about selective platforms through a questionnaire. The students were divided into three groups for this teaching experiments. At the end of the semester, their satisfaction and preference about the platforms was investigated through a questionnaire.
Results
In the satisfaction survey on the Virtual simulation teaching platform of EVDO and Digital Human platforms, differences had been observed between groups and gender. In terms of students’ preference for auxiliary teaching, 96/112 (85.71%) of subjects chose station B, Xuexitong (95/112 (84.82%)), Chinese University MOOCs (61/112 (54.46%)) as the after-school learning platform. Moreover, 32/112 (28.57%) of them chose both of Station B and Xuexitong, and 48/112 (42.86%) of them chose three platforms at the same time.
Conclusion
Students prefer more than one platforms to assist their learning. The interactive teaching of virtual simulated anatomy teaching platform and cadaveric dissection can improve students’ interest in learning anatomy.