bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOW COVERAGE OF IRRIGATION BY PUMPS IN BANGALDESH: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul 
Published: November 2022

Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country. About 7.5 million acres of land are irrigated which comprise about 20 per cent of the total cultivable land. The average productivity of rice at present is slightly above a half ton per acre. It is generally accepted that to increase the productivity of rice and other crops e.g. wheat and vegetables, irrigation facilities require to be extended with effective operational measures and management system. Irrigation through Deep tube well, Shallow tube well and Low-lift pumps constitute a major share (65 percent). In the past, capacity utilization of pumps and tube wells could not be achieved due to a number of problems, causing low coverage of irrigation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the existing irrigation system and find out the factors responsible for low coverage by pumps. It is observed that the low coverage and poor performance of the irrigation projects are due to technological inefficiency, socio -economic constraints and lack of guidance by responsible authorities. A number of government and semi-government agencies are involved in the whole process but are not well coordinated among them. The government of Bangladesh has adopted a number of good policies to improve the irrigation method. These, however, have not been resulted any substantial improvement in the system due to a wide gap between national and local level administrat ion. Corruptions at the filed level associated with lack of monitoring facilities have been an obstacle to achieve the expected result. It is therefore assumed that coordination among the various government and semi-government agencies responsible for irrigation activities is necessary to establish and effective linkage between the national and local bodies.
Repertorios de coerción y cultura de mercado en la provincia de Buenos Aires en el siglo XIX
Authors: Salvatore Ricardo 
Published: November 2022

Durante el período post-independiente, la provincia de Buenos Aires atravesó por un experimento republicano autoritario en el que las relaciones entre los sectores dominantes y los subalternos fueron alteradas y redefinidas. La llegada al poder de Juan Manuel de Rosas y los federales significó un incremento de la violencia de estado contra opositores políticos y militares. Por otra parte, la difusión de una economía de mercado creó las bases de relaciones contractualesen una variedad de campos e instituciones. Esto fue así en las relacionesentre amos y sirvientes en la casa, entre los oficiales y los soldados en los regimientos, entre los residentes rurales y los jueces de paz, entre los hacendados y los peones en las estancias. Aunque la coerción no desapareció, el poder para ejercerla encontró límites debido a la expansión de las relaciones de mercado. Para dar cuenta de estos cambios en su complejidad y diversidad, este artículo emplea el concepto de “repertorios de coerción”. El concepto puede ser útil para analizar y comparar relaciones de poder en múltiples espacios sociales e institucionales. Además, el artículo plantea el problema de larelación entre coerción y cultura de mercado, sugiriendo que en una situación de escasez de fuerza de trabajo y con las clases subalternas movilizadas militarmente, el contractualismo tendió a penetrar las relaciones de poder, aún aquellas basadas previamente en la coerción.
Retretas, festejos, paseos. Imágenes de la sociabilidad en plazas y parques de la ciudad de Córdoba (1910 - 1930)
Authors: Bermúdez Natalia , Tedesco Graciela 
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar discursos e imágenes periodísticas de los diarios “La Voz del Interior” y “Los Principios” entre 1910 y 1930, relacionadas con las prácticas de sociabilidad informal que desarrollaban mujeres y varones en parques, plazas y paseos de Córdoba. Observar las formas de sociabilidad de los sujetos nos posibilita problematizar las afirmaciones que subyacen en el sentido común vinculadas a la asignación de las mujeres al “espacio privado” o doméstico del hogar y la familia. En este sentido, tanto los varones como las mujeres aparecen en el diario participando de paseos, fiestas, charlas informales; desarrollando prácticas heterogéneas atravesadas principalmente por el género, la clase social y los lugares de residencia,como así también por la generación. Desde 1910, la sociabilidad de los espacios públicos es enunciada por la prensa desde su vinculación con las buenas costumbres. Así, las actividades de la “vida social” se identifican principalmente con lo realizado por las clases altas aristocráticas, reforzando la legitimidad de sus costumbres, estética y “buengusto”, otorgando a este estrato social –a sus familias y en particular a las mujeres–, el lugar de modelo a resaltar e imitar. En los discursos e imágenes periodísticas, se muestran los modelos culturales que se tienen como referentes, los gustos por el arte y la cultura. El acceso a estos espacios “públicos” parece restringido a quienes poseen ciertos capitales, puestos en juego y desplegados a la hora de mostrarse ante los demás. En cambio, a partir de los años 20, la sociabilidad tiende a mostrarse en los diarios de manera más dinámica, en una tensión entre la civilización, la modernidad y la aparición de una heterogeneidad de públicos que ponen en peligro “la moral” y la pacificación de antaño. Se evidencian los cambios de una ciudad en expansión hacia los barrios y una multiplicación de los espacios destinados al tiempo de ocio. En ambos diarios sobresalen ambigüedades y tensiones respecto a este proceso de modernización, pero aparece, de una u otra forma, la necesidad de resguardar el orden y las buenas costumbres de las personas que usan el espacio público.
Table of Contents, Medical Journal of Zambia Volume 47 Number 1
Authors: Association Zambia Medical 
Published: November 2022

The Medical Journal of Zambia is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal intended for the publication of papers from all specialities of medicine (Internal Medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology) and their subspecialties, basic sciences, public health, social medicine and medical politics. The journal also welcomes contributions from experienced individuals describing the way they deal with particular problems (i.e. intended to pass on the art of medicine).
Doctors' Knowledge of Shisha and Attitudes Toward Clinical Counseling of Shisha Smokers: Nigerian Study
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Nwafor Njideka Jacob , Omoleke Semeeh Akinwale , Enaibe Tega Worship 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The knowledge and attitude of a doctor towards shisha and tobacco cessation counseling goes a long way in achieving a successful quit for smokers. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the knowledge of doctors in Nigeria, using Kebbi State as a case study, on shisha and also exploring their attitudes and willingness towards clinical tobacco cessation counseling of shisha smokers.
Methods: This study was a questionnaire-based survey of 78 doctors in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.
Results: Only 63 (80.8%) of the respondents were aware of shisha. Among these 63 respondents that were aware of shisha, 4.8% of them were shisha smokers, 46.0% knew that shisha smoking can lead to periodontal disorder, 65.1% agreed that shisha smoking is a gateway to the use of other tobacco products, and 53.2% had had an encounter with a shisha smoker, of which only 63.6% of them (i.e. those 33 respondents who had the encounter) engaged themselves in a discussion on smoking cessation with the encountered shisha smokers. The majority of the surveyed doctors, irrespective of their age, gender, specialization, departmental affiliation, years of practice and shisha smoking history, were positively disposed towards clinical counseling of shisha smokers on tobacco cessation.
Discussion: This study shows that the surveyed doctors are positively disposed towards counseling their shisha-smoking patients on the importance of tobacco cessation; despite their inadequate knowledge on shisha.
Conclusion: Clinical counseling on tobacco cessation among shisha smokers should be encouraged in Nigeria.
Visual outcome of Pars Plana Vitrectomy following Endophthalmitis – A Vitreo-retinal Surgeon's Experience
Authors: Olubor Osayem J. Otabor - , Das Sanjoy K. , Wanyama Situma P. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To determine the visual outcome of pars plana vitrectomy following endophthalmitis.
Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study of 20 eyes of consecutive patients who had pars plana vitrectomy by a particular surgeon following endophthalmitis in the Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from August – December 2017. Using the Snellen's visual acuity chart, post-operative distant visual acuity improvement was graded 0– 9, with 0 meaning no improvement in visual acuity, and 9 meaning nine lines of improvement in visual acuity from presenting best corrected visual acuity.
Results: Pre-operative corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) ranged from perception of light to 6/36. Seventy percent of the patients had postoperative visual improvement of varying degrees. The mean pre-operative and post-operative CDVA were 2.20 logMAR and 1.40 logMAR respectively. All the patients tractional retinal detachment and corneal laceration with rhegmatogeneous retinal detachment as co-morbidities did not have visual improvement, and this was statistically significant (p-value = 0.007). There was an association (although not strong) between age range and postoperative visual improvement (p-value = 0.639).
Conclusion: Pars plana vitrectomy helps to prevent or minimize ophthalmic complications from endophthalmitis, thus making it a necessary line of treatment endophthalmitis. Pars plana vitrectomy is therefore a safe and desirable definitive treatment for endophthalmitis, and it confers a good chance of visual improvement.
Foetal Outcome in Women presenting with Meconium Stained Liquor at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Zambia
Authors: Sikambale Chazya , Ahmed Y , Vwalika B 
Published: November 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the fetal outcome, magnitude of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) or meconium stained liquor (MSL), and risk factors responsible for MSAF at University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. That the frequency of MSAF during the period under study at UTH was 10.2%. It also demonstrated no significant difference in terms of good Foetal outcome at 5 minutes in women with MSAF compared with those without MSAF. (Adjusted p value= 0.773). Most women (90.2%) with MSAF also had good outcome of Apgar score 7 or more at 5 minute though less when compared to those without MSAF at 97.8%. Caesarean section (C/S) rate was high (37.6%)
Methods: The study was a case control study conducted at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka Zambia from May to August 2018. Information was collected from a calculated sample size of 186 women using a structured interview schedule of which 93 were cases and another 93 were controls. Patient files were also used to collect data. In order to ensure that the findings were valid, the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05
Results: The study found among women with MSAF versus 19.4 % among those without MSAF. There was also a strong association between MSAF and being delivered by C/S (Adjusted odds ratio = 4.579 and adjusted p value = 0.002) indicating that women with MSAF were 4.5 times more likely to be delivered by C/S as compared to those without MSAF. Electronic monitoring of patients with MSAF was low with only 33 (35.5%) of women with MSAF being monitored with cardiotocography (CTG). During the period under study, 30 (32%) women with MSAF had associated complications. However, there was no significant association between any demographic characteristic, and or investigated obstetric risk actor and MSAF
Conclusion: The frequency of MSAF at UTH was 10.2%. The study demonstrated no significant difference in Foetal outcome at 5 minutes in women with MSAF compared with those without MSAF. However, Caesarean rate was noted to be high at 37.6% in those with MSAF compared to those without MSAF at 19.4%. No investigated complication was significantly associated MSAF at UTH.
Atypical Presentation and Treatment of Large Facial Neuroma: Case Report and Review
Authors: Keith Simfukwe , Shamsuloev Sherzod , Gerald Musa , Gennadevich Chmutin Egor 
Published: November 2022

Background: Facial nerve neuromas (FNN) are significantly rare brain tumors. Our objective is to report a case of an atypical presentation and treatment of a large facial nerve neuroma. We review current literature and discuss issues pertaining to postoperative outcomes of large facial neuromas.
Method: We retrospectively reviewed a case of patient who presented in our center with atypical symptoms of a large intracranial facial neuroma (schwannoma), our approach to treatment, outcome and combined it with review of current literature. A review of the current literature was performed by extrapolating data relating to clinical and management details pertaining to FNN, currently listed on the Google scholar, Clinical- Trials.gov database, and PubMed. This information was tabulated and compared with our experience.
Conclusion: Large facial nerves neuromas (FNN) are very rare brain tumors which may coexist with the patient without debilitating symptoms. When diagnosed, individualized approached to archive maximal resection while preserving surrounding cranial nerves and brain stem function must be the goal. Intraoperative patient positioning, is vital for attaining maximal view, brain relaxation and minimal bleeding.
Violence against women: A comparative study of the pattern and experience before and during pregnancy among antenatal clinic attendees
Authors: Eno Enang , Adesina Kikelomo T , Adeniran Abiodun S , Olarinoye Adebunmi O , Fawole Adegboyega A , Aboyeji Abiodun P 
Published: November 2022

Background: Violence against women is increasing globally; however, its prevention and evaluation in pregnancy has not receiving adequate attention.
Aim: To evaluate the occurrence and pattern of violence against women before and during index pregnancy.
Methods: A prospective, comparative study comprising 200 antenatal clinic attendees categorized into two groups of 100 each was conducted. Group I consisted of women who had suffered violence previously while those in group II did not have such experience. Participants were recruited at the antenatal clinic and informed consent was obtained. Participants were screened using a modified version of Abuse Assessment Screen from Centre for Disease Control; the data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and p<0.05 was significant.
Result. There was similarity in the age (p0.688), marital status (p0.605), level of education (p0.914) and gestational age at booking (p0.490) among the two groups. Alcohol consumption was significantly higher (21 vs. 10; p0.045) among partners of victims of violence (group I). Physical violence decreased from 47% before to 22% during index pregnancy, sexual violence reduced from 53% vs. 50% while all cases of psychological violence (68%) occurred during pregnancy. The partner was responsible for 78.7% of physical and 84.7% of sexual violence before pregnancy as well as 91.0% of physical, 100.0% of sexual and 78.0% of psychological violence during index pregnancy.
Conclusion: Violence against women is heightened during pregnancy especially psychological violence. Routine screening for violence during pregnancy is justified because its prevalence is higher than other conditions routinely screened for in pregnancy.
Aphrodisiac Effects of an Ethanolic Root Extract of Ocimum fimbriatum Briq. var. fimbriatum (Kafupa) on Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Kamwela Moses , Ezeala Christian , Prashar Lavina 
Published: November 2022

Background: Ocimum fimbriatum Briq. var. fimbriatum is used traditionally in Zambia for its aphrodisiac effect, but there is no scientific evidence to support this use. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the aphrodisiac effects of the plant’s root extract in rats.
Study Design: This was an experimental study in which sixty Wister rats (30 males and 30 females) were separated into 5 groups of 12 rats and treated with different doses of the extract.
Methods: The root extracts were administered at single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg to 30 male rats. Distilled water and sildenafil served as controls. Female rats were treated with 0.1 mg/kg diethylstilbesterol and paired to the male rats. Mounting frequency, intromission, ejaculation, and latency periods were monitored using recording cameras. Recordings were analyzed visually and expressed as mean ± standard error.
Results: The root extract produced significant dose-dependent increases in mounting, intromission, and ejaculation frequencies and latency periods, compared to negative controls. The 400 mg/kg dose produced highest number of mounts (31.33 ± 0.49, p= 0.001), intromissions (24.17 ± 0.60, p= 0.001) and ejaculations (7.67 ± 0.33, p= 0.001) compared to negative controls. At this dose, latency periods for mounting (3.00 ± 0.37min, p= 0.001) and intromission (2.1 ± 0.32 min, p= 0.001) were shortest, while the latency periods for ejaculation (6.33 ± 0.56 min, p=0.001) were longest.
Conclusion: Root extract of Ocimum fimbriatum exerted significant aphrodisiac effects in rats and justifies traditional use of the plant. Further studies are required to elucidate the active principles and mechanisms involved in this effect.
Haemodynamic changes and peripheral vascular characteristics associated with pathophysiological alterations in Preeclampsia patients at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Longa Kaluba , Goma Fastone M 
Published: November 2022

Background: The circadian blood pressure changes in pregnancy are poorly documented though the severity of hypertensive disorders especially in pregnancy is said to be better detected by 24hour blood pressure monitoring. The contribution of peripheral vascular variations to these alterations is yet to be elicited. The association of these changes to the renal pathological dysfunction is also not fully understood.
Materials and method: Ambulatory blood pressure measurements and kidney function tests (i.e. creatinine, protein, sodium and uric acid) were done in patients admitted to UTH for hypertension in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The Complior was used to determine the pulse waveform, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) as surrogate parameters for peripheral vascular compliance.
Results: Twenty-six (26) women, between 22-42 years old and 24-36 gestational weeks, participated in this study. The majority of our population were either non- or reverse dippers (91.6%). The type A pulse waveform was dominant in all three groups indicating endothelial dysfunction. Dippers had a higher creatinine concentration in both urine andserum and uric acid in serum than non-dippers (7.051mmol/24hrs; 108.703ìmol/L;0.507mmol/L; respectively p<0.0001).The observed association of diurnal variations in hemodynamic parameters and dipping status indicates significant vascular pathology that may herald these individuals' increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The dominance of the type A pulse waveform in this population is indicative of significant endothelial dysfunction.
Conclusion: The association seen between elevated blood pressure readings and proteinuria indicates a possible common pathophysiological process that leads to increased porosity at the glomeruli.
Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Primary School Children in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Chibanga Racheal Kasamba Hapunda- , Aswani J , Kipingor M , Munthali J 
Published: November 2022

Background: Disabling hearing loss has serious implications in a child's development as it reduces the intelligibility of speech thereby interfering with the learning process. This will negatively impact on their vocational choices.
Study objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in primary school children in the central zone of Lusaka district, Zambia.
Methodology: 1277 children, aged 6 to 13 years, from public primary schools in the central zone of Lusaka district were randomly selected and examined. Clinical otologic assessment, tympanometry and audiometry screening wereconducted on all participants. Children who failed the audiometry-screening test underwent a pure tone audiometry to determine the extent and nature of their hearing impairment.
Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 11.5% consisting of conductive hearing loss (87.8%), sensorineural hearing loss (6.8%) and mixed hearing loss (5.4%). Hearing impairment was more common in male children (13.8%) compared to female children (9.3%) (P value= < 0.05). Thirty six point eight percent children had ear disease. Thecommonest ear disease was wax impaction (66%) found in children followed by otitis media with effusion (20%), foreign body ear (4%) and chronic suppurative otitis media (2%). The odds of developing hearing impairment in children withchronic suppurative otitis media was nine times greater than that of children without chronic suppurative otitis media OR = 9.9(95% CI, 2.33-47.43).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing impairment in school children in central zone of Lusaka district is high. This study shows that chronic suppurative otitis media has a statistical significant association with hearing loss and that the male children are at a higher risk of developing hearing impairment. There is urgent need for ear and hearing care awareness, and screening programs at the community level in the central zone of Lusaka district.
Relationship between Bullying Experiences, Self- Esteem and Depression among secondary school pupils
Authors: Mungala B , Nabuzoka D 
Published: November 2022

Main Objective: We examined whether exposure to bullying would predict low self esteem and depression among econdary school adolescents.
Design: We used an adolescent study sample of 250 day secondary school learners in Livingstone, Zambia, who were recruited randomly from conveniently selected day secondary schools. The sample comprised an equal number of boys(N=125) and girls (N=125) of age range 13 to 17.
Out comes: The study showed gender differences on bullying and depression among the grade nine learners with highest levels of bullying experiences, low self-esteem and depression among girls. An association (p < .05)was established between bullying and depression. Also, we were able to establish an inverse (p= -16) correlation between bullying and self-esteem. Bullying experiences (physical, social and verbal) accounted for 14.6% of variance on low self-esteem and 33.7% of variance on depression. Social bullying was the strongest predictor of low self-esteem (beta= -.491, sig = .000) and depression (beta =.332, sig =.000).
Measures: The participants self-reported their experiences of bullying on Adolescent Peer relations victim scale B (Parada 2000). Selfesteem levels were measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale (Rosenberg,: 1985).The Beck depression inventory (BD1-11) from the Zambia Neurobehavioral Battery was used to measure adolescents levels ofdepression. This was a quantitative correlational study.
Results: The more bullied students were, the less self-esteem thy exhibited and the more depressed they became. Girls were more vulnerable to bullying with low self-esteem and high depression levels as compared to boys.
Conclusions: Adolescents who frequently experience bullying manifest low self-esteem and higher levels of depression. Increased frequency of exposure to bullying is a consistent predictor of adolescent depression and low selfesteem.