bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Pereira Luciana Jeremias , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas , Matsuo Luísa Harumi , Di Pietro Patrícia Faria , de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence from observational studies regarding the association between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity in adolescents. To our knowledge, no review study has analysed this association in this age group. A systematic search was conducted in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scopus, PubMed Central and Web of Science databases, with no language or time restrictions. Studies that included adolescents (10–19 years old) were selected using data-driven methods that combined the diet domain with at least one of the following behavioural domains: physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. Twenty-one articles met all eligibility criteria. Of these, twelve studies were used for synthesising the results. Studies differed in many aspects, such as sample size, behavioural assessment tools, and lifestyle pattern and weight status indicators. Overall, cross-sectional studies found no association between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity, even when the data were stratified by sex. However, when analysing the results stratified by risk of bias, a positive association between predominantly unhealthy and mixed lifestyle patterns with overweight/obesity was identified in cross-sectional studies with moderate risk of bias. A prospective study revealed an increase in BMI over time associated with mixed and predominantly unhealthy lifestyle patterns. Current findings regarding the association between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity in adolescents are inconsistent. More studies are needed to clarify possible associations.
Factors associated with normal-weight obesity in adolescents
Authors: Cota Bruna Clemente , Costa Felício Roberto , Juvanhol Leidjaira Lopes , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira , Priore Silvia Eloiza , de Faria Eliane Rodrigues , de Faria Franciane Rocha , Pereira Patrícia Feliciano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new phenotype of obesity has been studied: normal-weight obesity (NWO), which describes individuals with normal-weight by BMI and excess body fat. Despite normal-weight, individuals with NWO have a higher cardiometabolic risk. There is still a gap in the literature on the subject, especially in adolescents, as studies with this population are scarce. This study aims to investigate the sociodemographic factors, family history of chronic non-communicable diseases, body perception, lifestyle and food consumption associated with NWO in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study, with 506 normal-weight adolescents aged 10–19 years, of both sexes. Weight and height were obtained, and BMI/age was calculated. Body fat analysis was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sociodemographic data, level of physical activity, food consumption, body self-perception and lifestyle habits were also obtained. Logistic regression with hierarchical approach was used to analyse the associations. The odds of NWO are greater with age (OR = 1·14; 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·26), lower in male adolescents (OR = 0·21; 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·41) and higher in those with a history of familial dyslipidemia (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI = 1·01, 3·28). Adolescents satisfied with their body (OR = 0·30; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·56) and physically active (OR = 0·44; 95 % CI = 0·24, 0·81) have a lower odds of NWO, compared with the others. In addition, it was observed that the odds of NWO is greater among adolescents who use sweeteners (sugar substitutes) (OR = 3·84; 95 % CI = 1·70, 8·65). The factors associated with NWO were female sex, older age, positive family history of dyslipidemia, lower body satisfaction, lower level of physical activity and greater use of sweeteners.
Effect of oat or rice flour on pulse-induced gastrointestinal symptoms and breath hydrogen in subjects sensitive to pulses and controls – a randomised cross-over trial with two parallel groups
Authors: Laito Salla , Valkonen Niina , Laaksonen Oskar , Kalliomäki Marko , Tuure Tuula , Linderborg Kaisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulses are healthy and sustainable but induce gut symptoms in people with a sensitive gut. Oats, on the contrary, have no fermentable oligo- di-, monosaccharides and polyols compounds and are known for the health effects of their fibres. This 4-day cross-over trial investigated the effects of oat and rice flour ingested with pulses on gut symptoms and exhaled gases (4th day only) in subjects with a sensitive gut or IBS (n 21) and controls (n 21). The sensitive group perceived more symptoms after both meals than controls (P = 0·001, P = 0·001). Frequency, intensity or quality of the symptoms did not differ between meals during the first 3 d in either group. More breath hydrogen was produced after an oat than rice containing meal in both groups (AUC, P = 0·001, P = 0·001). No between-group difference was seen in breath gases. During day 4, both sensitive and control groups perceived more symptoms after the oat flour meal (P = 0·001, P = 0·0104, respectively) as mainly mild flatulence. No difference in moderate or severe symptoms was detected. Increased hydrogen production correlated to a higher amount of perceived flatulence after the oat flour meal in both the sensitive and the control groups (P = 0·042, P = 0·003, respectively). In summary, ingestion of oat flour with pulses increases breath hydrogen levels compared with rice flour, but gastrointestinal symptoms of subjects sensitive to pulses were not explained by breath hydrogen levels. Additionally, consumer mindsets towards pulse consumption and pulse-related gut symptoms were assessed by an online survey, which implied that perceived gut symptoms hinder the use of pulses in sensitive subjects.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AS THE BASIS FOR EXTENDING ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY STATES OR STATE ENTITIES TO NON-SIGNATORIES
Authors: Risvas Michail 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article explores the role of international law in relation to the extension of arbitration agreements contained in contracts concluded by States (or State entities) with non-signatory State entities (or States). As contract-based arbitrations involving States or State entities are on the rise, identifying the legal framework governing which parties are covered by the relevant arbitration agreements is of practical importance. The analysis demonstrates that international law forms part of the relevant law, alongside other applicable laws including law of contract, law of the seat and transnational law, concerning the extension of arbitration agreements concluded by States or State entities to non-signatories. Previous analyses have neglected the role of international law by not distinguishing contract-based arbitrations involving private parties from contract-based arbitrations involving States or State entities. Public international law recognises that arbitration agreements can be extended to non-signatories on the basis of implied consent, or abuse of separate legal personality and estoppel. Therefore, foreign investors can rely on international law to extend arbitration agreements to non-signatories in arbitrations conducted under investment contracts concluded by States or State entities, even if the relevant domestic law is agnostic or hostile to this. This has significant legal, and practical, importance.
Overweight and obesity in preschool children in Turkey: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Görçin Karaketir Şeyma , Lüleci Nimet Emel , Eryurt Mehmet Ali , Emecen Ahmet Naci , Haklıdır Mehmet , Hıdıroğlu Seyhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildhood obesity/overweight is a worldwide concern and its prevalence is increasing in many countries. The first aim of this study is to analyse the trends in overweight and obesity among children under the age of five in Turkey based on the new World Health Organization (WHO) standards, using data from the ‘five-round of the Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys’ (TDHSs). The second aim is to examine whether or not the maternal/household and individual-level factors are associated with overweight/obesity using TDHS 2003, 2008, and 2013 datasets. A total sample of 14,231 children under the age of five were extracted from the TDHS in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013 to determine the prevalence of the trend. Pooled data from 8,812 children were included in the analysis to examine factors associated with overweight/obesity. Taking into account the clustered data structure, multilevel logistic regression models were utilised. In 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013 the prevalence of overweight children was 5.3%, 4.9%, 10.0%, 11% and 11.6%, respectively. The factors that were independently associated with overweight/obesity were as follows: living in single-parent households (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.21–4.26), compared to living in dual-parent households; having an obese mother (aOR = 4.25, 95%CI = 1.73–10.44), overweight mother (aOR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.29–7.69), and a normal-weight mother (aOR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.11–6.59) compared to having an underweight mother; being aged between 13–24 months (aOR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.30 to 2.27), compared to being aged 0-12 months; male gender (aOR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.11 to 1.53); being stunted (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.74 to 2.73); high birth weight (aOR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.08 to 2.23) compared to low birth weight. In addition, overweight was higher in children of mothers who had completed primary school (aOR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.59) than children of mothers who had not completed primary school. These findings reveal that, over the years, there has been a substantial increase in obesity/overweight among children which demonstrates the importance of evaluating the overweight indicators at the maternal/household level.
Paediatric day-case tonsillectomy – parent satisfaction questionnaire
Authors: Garry S , O'Riordan I , Wauchope J , Lehane H , Phelan E , Heffernan C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess parent or guardian satisfaction with a newly instituted day-case tonsillectomy programme at a tertiary paediatric institution.MethodsAfter receiving ethical approval, an anonymous questionnaire was sent to the parent or guardian of every patient who underwent day-case tonsillectomy between July 2018 and December 2020.ResultsA total of 135 patients were included. The parent or guardian of each patient was sent a questionnaire to be filled in and returned. Ninety-two completed surveys were returned. There were high satisfaction levels, with 91.3 per cent of parents or guardians feeling comfortable bringing their child home, and 92.4 per cent of parents or guardians would recommend day-case tonsillectomy to another parent or guardian. Of the parents or guardians, 10.9 per cent needed to contact healthcare services in the 24 hours following surgery.ConclusionDay-case tonsillectomy has proven to be a safe, efficient service at our institution, with high satisfaction levels from patients and parents or guardians. Areas for improvement focused on communication at the time of discharge regarding follow up and analgesia.
Building a model of health technology assessment cooperation: lessons learned from EUnetHTA joint action 3
Authors: Garrett Zoe , Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki , Willemsen Anne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) was established in 2006. During its final project phase (joint action 3 [JA3]), it undertook an activity to define the scientific and technical principles of a model of health technology assessment (HTA) cooperation in Europe. This policy article presents the key learnings from JA3 partners about developing a model of HTA cooperation.

Methods
There were two phases to the activity: (i) A descriptive phase to describe the elements of HTA cooperation that were already in place in EUnetHTA JA3 and to identify which elements could be improved or were missing. (ii) An analytic phase synthesizing the data collected to identify learnings from the JA3 and to define the scientific and technical principles for a future model of HTA cooperation.

Results
Learnings for developing HTA cooperation were identified in regard to the framework used to support the cooperation, the HTA activities undertaken, the involvement of internal and external actors, managing decision making and the required human resources and support services needed to undertake HTA activities and to coordinate collaboration.

Conclusions
These learnings coming from the experiences of the EUnetHTA JA3 are useful to inform discussions on a European Union regulation for HTA cooperation as well as subsequent work to set up the structures that will be defined in the regulation. The findings also have broader applicability and are relevant to individuals, groups, and organizations setting up HTA programs or establishing their own international collaborations.
Becoming Eusapia: The rise of the “Diva of Scientists”
Authors: Paolo de Ceglia Francesco , Leporiere Lorenzo 
Published: January 2022

ArgumentEusapia Palladino (1854-1918) is remembered as one of the most famous mediums in the history of spiritualism. Renowned scientists attended her séances in Europe and in the United States. They often had to admit to being unable to understand the origin of the phenomena produced. Cesare Lombroso, for example, after meeting Eusapia, was converted first to mediumism, then spiritualism. This article will retrace the early stages of her career as a medium and shed light on the way she managed to gain the attention of scientists. It will also show why they chose her as an epistemic object.
The dynamics of songbird ownership and community interconnectedness in Singapore
Authors: CHIOK WEN XUAN , LEE REBECCA Y. Y. , LEE JESSICA G. H. , JAIN ANUJ 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe practice of keeping birds is a long-held tradition in South-east Asia, including in Singapore. Beyond market surveys that have documented Singapore’s sizeable bird market, there is a compelling need to understand the underlying drivers of demand for songbirds, and how these are influenced by social factors. We conducted semi-structured surveys of 114 songbird owners in Singapore, so as to determine their behaviour, demography, and preferences for owning songbirds and mapped Singapore’s songbird trade network. Forty-four percent of respondents reported to not prefer either wild-caught or captive-bred birds and another 37% preferred captive-bred birds. Over half (51%) did not think that there were any differences in the singing capabilities of the songbird from either source. Influence from family members and close contacts were cited as the most influential motivational factor for bird-keeping. The majority of respondents were middle-aged (77% aged 40 and above), and two-thirds (67%) were of Chinese ethnicity. Purchasing power and socio-economic status were not deemed to be strong considerations for owning songbirds. Neither was songbird ownership regarded as a status symbol, in contrast to parrot ownership in Singapore. Instead, social factors played influential roles in the songbird community, shaping the way owners gather, interact, and trade at bird shops and bird cage hanging spots. This study offers novel insights into the motivations underlying songbird ownership and its complex community linkages. We advocate for conservation interventions to target specific demographic groups that are embedded and influenced by communities so as to promote sustainable trade in songbirds.
Does COVID-19 pose a threat for patients after univentricular palliation? Thrombosis of the Fontan tunnel
Authors: Jičínská Denisa , Jičínský Michal , Koubský Karel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 6-year-old boy, born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, underwent total cavopulmonary connection and later presented in a significantly deteriorated condition. A CT scan revealed multiple thrombi in the extracardiac conduit, although the patient was maintained on an effective anticoagulant therapy. Further examination revealed anamnestic antibodies suggesting that the patient had gone through a clinically inapparent COVID-19 infection, which we conclude most likely contributed to his hypercoagulable state and led to the formation of significant thrombi impairing the patient’s haemodynamics. The patient underwent a surgical thrombectomy; there were no post-operative thrombotic complications.
Planning ahead: Interpreters predict source language in consecutive interpreting
Authors: Zhao Nan , Chen Xiaocong , Cai Zhenguang G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterpreters are hypothesized to anticipate the source language (SL) in comprehension and the target language (TL) in production to facilitate timely delivery. In two experiments, we examined whether interpreters make more predictions in SL comprehension in consecutive interpreting than in regular language comprehension and whether such enhanced prediction (if any) is constrained by cognitive resources. Participants were quicker at reading a predictable versus unpredictable critical word and/or following words (e.g.,Without the sunglasses/hat, the sun will hurt your eyes on the beach, whereeyesis the critical word), and the prediction effect was larger when they read to later interpret (into Chinese) than to later recall. The enhanced prediction in reading to interpret disappeared when the cognitive load was high, suggesting that SL prediction in interpreting requires cognitive resources. Our findings suggest that, when cognitive resources allow, interpreters engage in enhanced linguistic prediction in SL comprehension to facilitate the delivery of interpreting.
A Partial Molten Low‐Velocity Layer Atop the Mantle Transition Zone Beneath the Western Junggar: Implication for the Formation of Subduction‐Induced Sub‐Slab Mantle Plume
Authors: Li Guohui , Zhou Yuanze , Ding Lin , Gao Yuan , Bai Ling , Zhang Heng , Hu Le , Pan Zhengyang , Ju Changhui , Zhang Dingding 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeep subduction of plate generally could induce a partial molten low‐velocity layer (LVL) atop the mantle transition zone (MTZ) around the subduction zone. But the effects of the LVL to its upper lithosphere are less known, especially at the oceanward direction of subducted slab. Here, we image the seismic velocity structure atop the MTZ by matching the synthetics and the observed triplicated P‐ and SH‐wave waveforms recorded by Xinjiang seismic network from four earthquakes in the southwestern Siberia. Our observations reveal a partial molten LVL atop the MTZ beneath the western Junggar (WJ) in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The SH‐wave velocity drop for the LVL is −5.6% which is larger than −4.4% of the P‐wave when its thickness is 29 km. It is inferred that the subducted Paleo‐Asian oceanic plate induces hydrous MTZ materials underneath the subducted slab to upwell to the upper mantle, and form the partial molten LVL. Combined with previous geophysical and geological results, we propose a new geodynamical process involving the lithosphere and MTZ underneath the subducted slab: the melt in the LVL is likely to upwell through slab window, which could be triggered by mid‐oceanic ridge subduction or self‐sustained buoyancy. This mode could account for the contemporaneous break‐off fossil oceanic plate, ocean island basalts‐type rocks, extensive A‐type granitoids, adakite, and porphyry Cu‐Au in the WJ during the late Carboniferous to early Permian.
The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID‐19 During Harmattan Season
Authors: Ogunjo S. , Olaniyan O. , Olusegun C.F. , Kayode F. , Okoh D. , Jenkins G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role of atmospheric parameters and aerosols in the transmission of COVID‐19 within tropical Africa, especially during the harmattan season, has been under‐investigated in published papers. The harmattan season within the West African region is associated with significant dust incursion from the Bodele depression and biomass burning. In this study, the correlation between atmospheric parameters (temperature and humidity) and aerosols with COVID‐19 cases and fatalities within seven locations in tropical Nigeria during the harmattan period was investigated. COVID‐19 infection cases were found to be significantly positively correlated with atmospheric parameters (temperature and humidity) in the southern part of the country while the number of fatalities showed weaker significant correlation with particulate matters only in three locations. The significant correlation values were found to be between 0.22 and 0.48 for particulate matter and −0.19 to −0.32 for atmospheric parameters. Although, temperature and humidity showed negative correlations in some locations, the impact is smaller compared to particulate matter. In December, COVID‐19 cases in all locations showed strong correlation with particulate matter except in Kano State. It is suggested that a reduction in atmospheric particulate matter can be used as a control measure for the spread of COVID‐19.
How a Realistic Magnetosphere Alters the Polarizations of Surface, Fast Magnetosonic, and Alfvén Waves
Authors: Archer M. O. , Southwood D. J. , Hartinger M. D. , Rastaetter L. , Wright A. N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSystem‐scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves within Earth's magnetosphere are often understood theoretically using box models. While these have been highly instructive in understanding many fundamental features of the various wave modes present, they neglect the complexities of geospace such as the inhomogeneities and curvilinear geometries present. Here, we show global MHD simulations of resonant waves impulsively excited by a solar wind pressure pulse. Although many aspects of the surface, fast magnetosonic (cavity/waveguide), and Alfvén modes present agree with the box and axially symmetric dipole models, we find some predictions for large‐scale waves are significantly altered in a realistic magnetosphere. The radial ordering of fast mode turning points and Alfvén resonant locations may be reversed even with monotonic wave speeds. Additional nodes along field lines that are not present in the displacement/velocity occur in both the perpendicular and compressional components of the magnetic field. Close to the magnetopause, the perpendicular oscillations of the magnetic field have the opposite handedness to the velocity. Finally, widely used detection techniques for standing waves, both across and along the field, can fail to identify their presence. We explain how all these features arise from the MHD equations when accounting for a non‐uniform background field and propose modified methods that might be applied to spacecraft observations.