bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Development and Regional Differences in eHealth Maturity in Finnish Public Health Care: Survey Study
Authors: Haverinen Jari , Keränen Niina , Tuovinen Timo , Ruotanen Ronja , Reponen Jarmo 
Published: August 2022

Background
eHealth increasingly affects the delivery of health care around the world and the quest for more efficient health systems. In Finland, the development of eHealth maturity has been systematically studied since 2003, through surveys conducted every 3 years. It has also been monitored in several international studies. The indicators used in these studies examined the availability of the electronic patient record, picture archiving and communication system, health information exchange, and other key eHealth functionalities.

Objective
The first aim is to study the national development in the maturity level of eHealth in primary health care and specialized care between 2011 and 2020 in Finland. The second aim is to clarify the regional differences in the maturity level of eHealth among Finnish hospital districts in 2020.

Methods
Data for this study were collected in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020, using web-based questionnaires from the Use of information and communication technology surveys in Finnish health care project. In total, 16 indicators were selected to describe the status of eHealth, and they were based on international eHealth studies and Finnish eHealth surveys in 3 areas: applications, regional integration, and data security and information and communications technology skills. The indicators remain the same in all the study years; therefore, the results are comparable.

Results
All the specialized care organizations (21/21, 100%) in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020 participated in the study. The response rate among primary health care organizations was 86.3% (139/161) in 2011, 88.2% (135/153) in 2014, 85.8% (121/141) in 2017, and 95.6% (130/136) in 2020. At the national level, the biggest developments in eHealth maturity occurred between 2011 and 2014. The development has since continued, and some indicators have been saturated. Primary health care lags behind specialized care organizations, as measured by all the indicators and throughout the period under review. Regionally, there are differences among different types of organizations.

Conclusions
eHealth maturity has steadily progressed in Finland nationally, and its implementation has also been promoted through various national strategies and legislative changes. Some eHealth indicators have already been saturated and achieved an intensity of use rate of 100%. However, the scope for development remains, especially in primary health care. As Finland has long been a pioneer in the digitalization of health care, the results of this study show that the functionalities of eHealth will be adopted in stages, and deployment will take time; therefore, national eHealth strategies and legislative changes need to be implemented in a timely manner. The comprehensive sample size used in this study allows a regional comparison in the country, compared with previous country-specific international studies.
Degradasi Biksin Selama Pemanasan dan Pencahayaan
Authors: Pranata Ardiyanto , Raharjo Sri , Santoso Umar , Haryadi Haryadi 
Published: August 2022

The kinetics of thermal and light induced degradation of natural bixin in a mixture of ethanol and 2 % acetic acid (80 : 20) was studied as a function of temperatures 80, 98, and 125 OC for 120 minutes. Illumination was carried out either under fluorescent or incandescent lights, both at 4000 lux for 300 minutes. The bixin concentration during heating and illumination was analysed using HPLC. The method to determine the degradation rate constant for the decay of the products from bixin was obtained using a linear regression according to first order reaction. The results indicated that the degradation rates of bixin at 125 OC were 5.5 and 3.8 times faster than that of 80 OC and 98 OC, respectively. The energy activation of bixin was 9.82 kcal/mol. The photodegradation rate constants of bixin under incandescent or fluorescent illumination was 2.8 x 10-3 and 3.3 x 10-3 minutes-l, respectively.
Perbandingan Karakteristik Kimia Trypsin Inhbibitor Biji dan Kecambah Kedelai
Authors: Kanetro Bayu , Noor Zuheid , Sutardi Sutardi , Indrati Retno 
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the changes in trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity, amino acid composition and protein patterns after 36 hours germination of soybeans. TI was extracted by a combination of pH precipitation and centrifugation. TI activity of seeds and germinated soybean were 1.64 and 1.68 IU/mg seeds (db) respectively. Heating of crude TI decreased heat stability of TI. The decrease of TI activity of germinated soybeans due to heating was lower than seeds. The amino acid composition and protein patterns of soybeans changed after 36 hours germination. Thr, Ala, Trp, Met and Lys decreased significantly, while Asp, Glu, Val, Phe, and Ile increased significantly. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the seeds contain high-molecular weight of proteins which were degraded after 36 hours germination result in smaller molecular weight of proteins.
Efek pH dan Konsentrasi Butirat Anhidrida selama Butirilisasi Pati Garut
Authors: Damat Damat , Haryadi Haryadi , Marsono Y. , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur 
Published: August 2022

Several characteristics of native starch have limited utilizations. Chemical modification improves the physical, chemi- cal, and functional properties of starch and therefore it extends the utilization. The aim of this research was to inves- tigate the effect of the dispersion of pH (8, 10 and 12) and butyrate anhydride concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %) on the butyrilization process of arrowroot starch. The modified (butyrated) starch was analyzed for its butyril group, degree of substitution (DS), swelling power, solubility, amylography, and transmittance. The result indicated that the maximum butyriilation was achieved at pH 10 and addition of 20 % butyrate anhydride. The higher DS resulted in more transparent starch paste, the more stable viscosity and the higher swelling power.ABSTRAKPati garut, sebagaimana jenis pati alami lainnya diketahui memiliki kelemahan sifat fisik dan kimia yang menyebabkan penggunaan pati garut pada industri pangan relatif terbatas. Untuk itu maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan sifat fisik dan kimianya dengan cara melakukan modifikasi pati garut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh pH dispersi (8, 10 dan 12) dan konsentrasi butirat anhidrida (5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 %) pada proses butirilisasi pati garut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pati-garut butirat, yang meli- puti persen butiril, derajat substitusi, daya mengembang, kelarutan, sifat amilografi dan kejernihan pasta pati-garut butirat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa butirilisasi maksimum dicapai pada pH 10 dengan konsentrasi butirat anhidrida 20 %. Pati butirat derajat substitusi yang tinggi memiliki kejernihan pasta, daya mengembang yang lebih tinggi dan viskositas yang lebih stabil, sedangkan kelarutan lebih rendah.
Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers’ Control
Authors: Gallani Susanna 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Can managers use monetary incentives to elicit cooperation from workers they cannot reward for their efforts? I study “conduit incentives,” an innovative incentive design, whereby managers influence bonus-ineligible workers’ effort by offering bonus-eligible employees a monetary reward for performance that critically depends on the cooperation of the bonus-ineligible workers. Motivated by the reward, bonus-eligible employees use social motivators to elicit cooperation from their ineligible colleagues. I examine an intervention in a California hospital in which a one-time bonus program aimed to improve handwashing compliance. State regulation prevented physicians from receiving bonus payments. However, because physicians’ handwashing counted toward the bonus-related goal, bonus-eligible workers used social pressure to incentivize physicians’ performance, absent any tangible benefits for the physicians. The physicians improved performance during the intervention, and their improvements persisted beyond the removal of the incentives. The response to the temporary intervention significantly predicted the persistence of the performance improvements.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are subject to a confidentiality agreement and cannot be shared without the hospital’s legal representatives’ explicit consent.
JEL Classifications: I12; M4; M12; M14; M52.
AYDINOĞULLARI’NIN ATASI: AYDIN BEY VE TÜRBESİ
Authors: ADAK Mutlu , KILAVUZ Bülent Nuri 
Published: August 2022

Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti dağıldıktan sonra kurulan beyliklerden biri de Aydınoğulları Beyliğidir. Aydınoğulları Beyliği (XIV. yüzyıl) Batı Anadolu’da kurulmuş, bölgenin Türkleşmesinde ve İslamlaşmasında önemli roller üstlenmiştir.
Bu çalışma Aydınoğulları Beyliğinin temellerini atan Aydın Beyin adı, beyliğin kökeni ve Aydın Beyin türbesi hakkındadır. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde beyliğin isminin nereden geldiği hakkında net bir bilgiye ulaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Aydın, bir şahıs ismi mi, yer ismi mi yoksa bir boyun, obanın ismi midir? Ayrıca Aydın Bey kimdir? Mezarı nerededir? Beyliğin temelleri nerede atılmıştır? Bu sorular hakkında süregelen tartışmalara çözüm bulmak, soru ve sorunların çözümüne katkı sunmak amacıyla çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek, kaynakların bilgisinde saha çalışmaları, toponimi, nümizmatik, tarihî coğrafya, tarih disiplinlerinin işe koşulması ile interdisipliner bir yöntem izlenerek çalışmanın sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Bu çalışma ile getirilen öneriler ve ulaşılan sonuçlar, Aydınoğulları Beyliğinin kuruluşu ve tarihi; Aydın Beyin hayatı ve türbesi hakkındaki soruların çözümüne yeni bir katkı sunacaktır.
SELÇUKLULAR DÖNEMİNDE İKTANIN GULAMLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK ETKİSİ
Authors: YEĞİN Songül 
Published: August 2022

Yaklaşık bir buçuk yüzyıl boyunca, büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu, şimdiki yirmi ülkeyi kapsayan toprakları, merkezi olarak ve bazen de dolaylı olarak yönetti. Bu hükümetin yapısal ve kurumsal kapasitesi ve etkinlikleri, büyük devlet arazilerinin optimal yönetimi alanında ikta sisteminin kurulması ve farklı alanlarda santrifüj yönetiminin dengelenmesi dahil olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda yeniliklere sahipti. İkta iki kurumu, askeri ve ekonomik sektörü birbirine bağladı. Bu sistem ayrıca idari alanda da birçok sorunu çözdü. Ancak; ikta sisteminde oluşan bazı işlev bozuklukları yüzünden bu dönemde siyasi gerilemeye yol açmıştır. Bu vakalar arasında, önemli olan ve sınır illerinin (özellikle doğu sınırlarının) giderek bağımsız bölgesel yönetimlerin oluşumuna zemin oluşturan, Gulam-Sepahsalar'a devredilmesi de vardır.
Selçuklular döneminde Nizamülmülk önderliğinde tamamen yeni bir sistem oluştu ve Selçuklular bu sistemle diğer Müslüman devletlere model oldu. Yukarıdaki tartışmaya ek olarak, bu çalışma, Selçuklular döneminde iktanın gulamlar üzerindeki etkisini inceler.
IS THE AICHR AN UNWANTED HUMAN RIGHTS BODY IN THE ASEAN? THE ANSWER FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rachminawati  
Published: August 2022

The AICHR is a remarkable achievements of ASEAN after having the ASEAN Charter in 2007. However, since the TOR of AICHR has a serious institutional defect that makes the AICHR unable to protect peoples’ human rights, the AICHR could not be act as a human rights guardian in the region. It leads to the question whether the ASEAN and its member states want the body to be established to protect the people in the region? The answer to this question is important to figure out the future human rights mechanisms in the region. The question will be addressed through qualitative and normative legal research. Field research was conducted to resolve some questions that are not provided in the literature to enrich the understanding on the topic from the ASEAN elites, practioner, and academicians. It finds that The institutional defect and less political support showed that ASEAN and its member states do not want to have a reliable regional human rights mechanism. However, it finds that there was an evolutionary approach that has been conducted by the AICHR despite that situation to promote human rights in the region. The study suggests the AICHR to use strong words of the TOR and the ASEAN Charter to enhance their performance and reliability. A new approach for human rights mechanisms that sets in a formal way; under a legal-binding instrument are more favorable. Therefore, if the AICHR show that characteristic, it will be supported by the ASEAN and its member states.
Pengaruh gap terhadap tundaan perjalanan pada simpang tak bersinyal
Authors: Saputra Diky Andrean , Putra Sasana , Sulistyorini Rahayu 
Published: August 2022

Aktivitas lalu lintas yang terjadi pada persimpangan Jalan Diponegoro – Jalan Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sering menimbulkan permasalahan konflik lalu lintas seperti tundaan perjalanan. Konflik yang terjadi diakibatkan oleh peningkatan volume lalu lintas dan diperburuk oleh perilaku pengendara yang cenderung memaksakan untuk melintasi persimpangan sehingga menimbulkan gap pada persimpangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besar tundaan perjalanan yang terjadi pada simpang Jalan Diponegoro – Jalan Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data primer berdasarkan pengamatan melalui drone camera lalu dilakukan pengolahan data menggunakan Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 2014 dan metode gap acceptance.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada penelitian ini, didapatkan tundaan perjalanan ketika kendaraan mengalami gap akibat konflik crossing saat melintasi persimpangan pada sesi pagi dan sore hari didapatkan per menitnya sebesar 14,72 detik dan 9,37 detik sehingga tingkat pelayanan pada persimpangan tersebut termasuk kategori B.
Analysis Business Plan and Business Feasibility Studies To Interested Student Becomes Young Entrepreneurs In Program Study Management Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi
Authors: MIRA Mira Yosefa Siregar Yosefa 
Published: August 2022

Mira Yosefa Siregar Manajemen,UniversitasPembangunan, Panca Budi, MEDANmirayosefas@yahoo.com Abstract. There companies that produce products and services the business competition its more complex, so that more competitors there, ways entrepreneurs can attract consumers to buy products or services that are sold according to their wants and needs. The importance of understanding business planning so that business can be carried out on the right track because it’s a guideline to sharpen the plans that are expected to be in accordance with the goals to be achieved. A good business plan has stages that must be done to maximize business opportunities, which is to seek business assistance funds. Information from the business plan includes the vision, mission and business objectives, financial reports, marketing strategies and detailed data sales The understanding of business feasibility studies is related to business planning due to assessing whether or not it is appropriate for a business to be established an existing business in order to compete in the current market share. Students' interest in becoming young entrepreneurs is considered good because students as the younger generation must have a high spirit, be productive, and can be a pioneer in the world of entrepreneurship in Indonesia, especially at the University Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan.The research aims to determine how students' understanding of business plann, and business feasibility studies relate to their interest in becomes young entrepreneur. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of description. The subjects of this study were students who were trained in the two-class business feasibility study course totaling 60 people with the sampling technique being the sensus sample. Technical analysis data by collecting data, presenting data and conclusions. The results of the study found that there were supporting and inhibiting factors in the process of delivering material and business interests, for the supporting factors were having agile and responsive human resources, adequate facilities and infrastructure, financial conditions supporting the learning process at UNPAB, participating in extracurricular activities, lecturers giving assignments to students. While the inhibiting factors are the attitude of students who are not enthusiastic, lack of interest in learning and entrepreneurship, environmental factors of residence and friendship, low quality of lecturers without training and knowledge development and low student achievement. Guidance and motivation are needed for students to be motivated and have high competitiveness in facing the digital-based business world in the future with the progress of the industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords: Business Plan, Business Feasibility Study, Business Interest, Young Entrepreneurs
monitoria no processo de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Freitas Georgete 
Published: August 2022

Ações do Projeto de Ensino de Monitoria no Curso de Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, por meio de metodologias ativas. Objetiva possibilitar aos discentes conhecimentos teórico-práticos no processo de monitoria e incentivar o seu desenvolvimento nas atividades acadêmicas, como insumo de qualidade no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio da vivência da prática pedagógica e a valorização das relações interpessoais. As metodologias desenvolvidas pelos monitores, professores e coordenadoria se entrelaçaram ao Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Biblioteconomia em relação às disciplinas ofertadas a diversos cursos da UFMA e as de natureza profissional. Destaca as produções dos monitores nos componentes curriculares: participação em reuniões de planejamento; levantamento bibliográfico em fontes de informação; auxílio na orientação à pesquisa bibliográfica; seleção de vídeos, filmes e podcasts; organização de webinários; leitura, fichamento e participação na discussão dos textos recomendados; acompanhamento aos alunos nas atividades práticas propostas nas disciplinas; participação nas discussões on-line no chat, divulgação da agenda de atividades e postagem de material nos grupos de WhatsApp; auxílio na elaboração de questões para avaliação; participação no planejamento e execução das ações da Revista Bibliomar, Semana de Monteiro Lobato, Natal com Leitura e Semana Acadêmica. Os resultados foram relatados pelos alunos e professores, no decorrer das reuniões de planejamento e avaliação e nos relatórios, ao comentarem que a experiência de monitoria superou suas expectativas, sobretudo devido aos impactos do ensino remoto que exigiram criatividade, empatia e estratégias de interação, ressignificando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em tempos de pandemia, proveniente do Sars-CoV-2.
Productivity and nutritional qualities of grain of new F1 winter rye hybrids in the Southern Ural
Authors: Ismagilov Kamil , Nurlygayanov Razit , Kayumova Rose 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper presents field experiments and laboratory analyses to study productivity and nutritional qualities of the grain of four F1 hybrids of winter rye (Aviator, Ravo, Prommo, Eterno), and the population variety Chulpan 7 in the natural conditions of the Southern Ural. The research revealed an individual difference in the nutritional qualities of grain and the content of anti-nutritional substances between different studied F1 hybrids, and compared them with the Chulpan 7 variety. Hybrids of winter rye formed higher grain productivity (from 4.65 t/ha to 6.07 t/ha) in comparison with the Chulpan 7 variety. The paper assesses the content of anti-nutritional substances (water-soluble pentosans) in grain, the kinematic viscosity of the water-extractable from grain hybrids (water-soluble pentosans 1.55 ‒ 1.74%, the viscosity of the water extract 18.3 ‒ 23.1 cSt and winter rye variety (of water-soluble pentosans 1.75%, the viscosity of the water extract was 23.4 cSt), and the dependence of these indicators on the environment during the growing season. The paper also presents the results of determining the nutritional value of the grain of hybrids and the Chulpan 7 variety by the content of crude proteins, starch, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium.
Loss of Nutrients Through Soil Water Erosion in Calcic Chernozem
Authors: Kuncheva Gergana , Dimitrov Petar , Beloev Hristo , Kangalov Plamen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of technology for water erosion control plays an essential role in development of sustainable agricultural systems. The paper presented observes the study results from a period of six years in terms of losses of mineral nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the cultivation of wheat and maize on sloping terrains (on calcic chernozem soil type) under the influence of water erosion processes. The impacts of four different types of technology (conventional technology performed along the slope; conventional technology applied across the slope; surface mulching; and minimum tillage with vertical mulching) on nutrient losses were tested. On average, the annual losses of mineral nitrogen, available forms of phosphorus and potassium in wheat production along the slope utilizing conventional technology were 6.0 kg·ha−1y−1, 1.6 kg·ha−1y−1, 5.9 kg·ha−1y−1, and 11.3 kg·ha−1y−1, 2.1 kg kg·ha−1y−1, 10.8 kg kg·ha−1y−1 in maize production. The lowest losses in these elements occurred with minimal employment of tillage system, as they reached values of 2.3 kg·ha−1y−1; 0.6 kg·ha−1y−1, 2.0 kg·ha−1y−1, respectively, in wheat production, and 1.7 kg·ha−1y−1, 0.3 kg·ha−1y−1, 1. kg·ha−1y−1, respectively, in maize production.
The Accuracy Assessment of Devices Used for Distance Measuring in Dynamic Vehicle Tests
Authors: Kuchar Peter , Janoško Ivan , Holúbek Michal , Čedík Jakub , Pexa Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper presented deals with the accuracy of three selected devices based on acceleration measurement: accelerometer – XL meter, the global position measurement device by VBox and the constructed 5th wheel, which allows a very accurate measurement of distance along with speed and acceleration of the vehicle. The accuracy of recordings was tested during various driving conditions when all the three measuring devices were attached to the vehicle. Measurements showed that GPS-based measuring devices level off and even surpass accelerometers when used in locations with a good view of the sky. The 5th wheel provided the most representative results, as the difference between average and real standard deviations of the measured distance were 0.78%, 1.38%, 3.48% for the 5th wheel, VBox GPS and XL meter, respectively. The accuracy of the 5th wheel and VBox can be considered very high when taking into account the fact that dynamic actions were monitored. The paper purpose is to point out the significance of measuring device selection in assessing the distance travelled by the vehicle.
On graphs associated to ring of Guassian integers and ring of integers modulo n
Authors: Pirzada S. , Bhat M. Imran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For a commutative ring R with identity 1, the zero-divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ(R), is a simple graph whose vertex set is the set of non-zero zero divisors Z*(R) and the two vertices x and y ∈ Z*(R) are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, we compute the values of some graph parameters of the zero-divisor graph associated to the ring of Gaussian integers modulo n, ℤn[i] and the ring of integers modulo n, ℤn.
On Seidel Laplacian matrix and energy of graphs
Authors: Yalçin N. Feyza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, the Seidel Laplacian spectrum of graphs are determined. Then new bounds are presented for the Seidel Laplacian energy of regular graphs and graphs by using their Seidel Laplacian spectrum and other techniques. Further, the Seidel Laplacian energy of specific graphs are computed.