bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects ofRhododendronremoval and prescribed fire on bees and plants in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Ulyshen Michael , Elliott Katherine , Scott Joel , Horn Scott , Clinton Patsy , Liu Ning , Miniat Chelcy F. , Caldwell Peter , Oishi Chris , Knoepp Jennifer , Bolstad Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRhododendron maximumis an evergreen shrub native to the Appalachian Mountains of North America that has expanded in recent decades due to past disturbances and land management. The purpose of this study was to explore how bees and plants were affected by the experimental removal ofR.maximumfollowed by a prescribed fire in one watershed compared to a neighboring reference watershed. Bees and plants were sampled for three years in both watersheds. Comparisons were based on the rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves of Hill numbers as well as multivariate methods to assess effects on community composition. Bee richness, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity did not differ between watersheds in the year after removal but were all significantly higher in the removal watershed in year two, following the prescribed fire. Bee Shannon's diversity and Simpson's diversity, but not richness, remained significantly higher in the removal watershed in the third year. Similar but weaker patterns were observed for plants. Comparisons of community composition found significant differences for bees in the second and third year and significant differences for plants in all three years. For both groups, significant indicator taxa were mostly associated with the removal watershed. Because bees appeared to respond more strongly to the prescribed fire than to the removal ofR.maximumand these benefits weakened considerably one year after the fire, clearingR.maximumdoes not appear to dramatically improve pollinator habitat in the southern Appalachians. This conclusion is underscored by the fact that about one quarter of the bee species in our study area were observed visitingR.maximumflowers. The creation of open areas with wildflowers may be a better way to benefit bees in this region judging from the high diversity of bees captured in the small roadside clearings in this study.
Multiple resource limitation of dryland soil microbial carbon cycling on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Choi Ryan T. , Reed Sasha C. , Tucker Colin L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding interactions among biogeochemical cycles is increasingly important as anthropogenic alterations of global climate and of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles interactively affect the Earth system. Ecosystem processes in the dryland biome, which makes up over 40% of Earth's terrestrial surface, are often distinctively sensitive to small changes in resource availability, likely because levels of many resources are low. However, data also suggest that simultaneous changes in the availability of multiple resources may be necessary to affect a response in these low‐resource systems, offering an opportunity to test patterns and controls of co‐limitation, serial limitation, and individual limitation in soil environments. While drylands may play a governing role in key aspects of Earth's C cycle, and while an improved understanding of resource limitation could substantially improve our forecasts of dryland responses to change, our understanding of interacting controls on soil C cycle processes remains notably poor in these dry systems. Here, we address multiple fundamental hypotheses of resource controls over ecosystem function to test how water, C, N, and P regulate soil C cycling individually and interactively in a dryland ecosystem on the Colorado Plateau. Using a series of laboratory incubations, we found that, while water, C, and N limited C cycling through serial limitation, water alone resulted in an extremely small respiratory response from target organisms, whereas water + C resulted in a dramatic increase in soil C cycling, suggesting a degree of functional co‐limitation. Nitrogen additions alone resulted in no changes to soil C cycling, but when N was added in concert with water and C, N greatly increased soil C cycling rates relative to additions of water and C without N. Phosphorus additions had no effect on the C cycle either alone or synergistically. These patterns were consistent with the stoichiometry of the system and interactions among resources were surprising in ways that inform our understanding of critical theories in ecology, such as the Transient Maxima Hypothesis, supporting the suggestion that multiple resource limitation explains pulse‐dynamic C cycling in drylands better than water limitation alone.
Aggregation of Copper(I) and Silver(I) Chloride Phosphane Complexes Determined by Aryl‐Stacking and Weak Hydrogen Bonds in the Ligand Periphery
Authors: Müller Felix , Mix Andreas , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStarting from pentafluorobenzene and 1,2,3,4‐tetrafluorobenzene, the phosphane ligands (o‐C6F4R)Me2P (R=H, F), as well as their copper(I) and silver(I) chloride complexes [(o‐C6F4R)Me2P]2MCl (M=Cu, Ag; R=H, F) were synthesized. All complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and CHN analyses. Their solid‐state structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction experiments and compared with each other with regard to their aggregation motifs. The aggregation in solution was investigated by variable‐temperature diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (VT‐DOSY) experiments.
A new programmable dipping robot
Authors: Harms Lena , Roth Nico , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new dipping robot is presented for the execution of layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition procedures for the modification of electrode surfaces. It is composed of low‐budget parts broadly available three‐dimensional (3D) printer. New extra hardware components produced by 3D printing and the open‐source software can turn such a device into a flexible dipping robot. The required changes in code as well as the printing instructions for the changed hardware components are documented and are made freely available together with tools that allow customizing LbL coating processes. The potential of this very flexible instrumentation is exemplified by a redox‐active film of nickel hexacyanoferrate on a gold electrode modified by a monolayer of 3′‐mercaptobiphenyl‐carbonitrile. Scanning electron microscopy confirm the absence of micometer‐sized cracks. It shows the typical voltammetric behavior of that material.
Membrane‐electrode assembly design parameters for optimal CO2 reduction
Authors: Romiluyi Oyinkansola , Danilovic Nemanja , Bell Alexis T. , Weber Adam Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommercial‐scale generation of carbon‐containing chemicals and fuels by means of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) requires electrolyzers operating at high current densities and product selectivities. Membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) have been shown to be suitable for this purpose. In such devices, the cathode catalyst layer controls both the rate of CO2R and the distribution of products. In this study, we investigate how the ionomer‐to‐catalyst ratio (I:Cat), catalyst loading, and catalyst‐layer thickness influence the performance of a cathode catalyst layer containing Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon. In this paper, we explore how these parameters affect the cell performance and establish the role of the exchange solution (water vs. CsHCO3) behind the anode catalyst layer in cell performance. We show that a high total current density is best achieved using an I:Cat ratio of 3 at a Ag loading of 0.01–0.1 mgAg/cm2 and with a 1.0 M solution of CsHCO3 circulated behind the anode catalyst layer. For these conditions, the optimal CO partial current density depends on the voltage applied to the MEA. The work also reveals that the performance of the cathode catalyst layer is limited by a combination of the electrochemically active surface area and the degree to which mass transfer of CO2 to the surface of the Ag nanoparticles and the transport of OH− anions away from it limit the overall catalyst activity. Hydration of the ionomer in the cathode catalyst layer is found not to be an issue when using an exchange solution. The insights gained allowed for a Ag CO2R MEA that operates between 200 mA/cm2 and 1 A/cm2 with CO faradaic efficiencies of 78–91%, and the findings and understanding gained herein should be applicable to a broad range of CO2R MEA‐based devices.
Full‐scale shaking table test and numerical modeling of a 3000‐liter legged storage tank isolated with a vertical rocking isolation system
Authors: Reyes Sergio I. , Almazán José L. , Vassiliou Michalis F. , Tapia Nicolás F. , Colombo José I. , de la Llera Juan C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the numerical and experimental evaluation of a vertical‐rocking isolation (VRI). This evaluation is done by 1‐D shaking table tests performed on a full‐scale legged storage tank of 3000‐liters capacity and its representation through a simple yet representative rigid lumped‐mass model approach. The isolation system setup consisted of four ISO3D‐2G devices, each one placed on each leg of the tank, which uses high‐damping natural rubber to generate the restoring and dissipative forces. The ISO3D‐2G device is vertically flexible and laterally rigid, enabling the isolation mechanism of the rocking motion of the tank. The experiments were carried out using three white noise for the system identification and 17 ground motions inputs for the system validation. The measured variables included the lateral acceleration and displacement of the tank, and the vertical and rotational behavior of the isolation interface. The identification results showed a vertical‐rotational coupled fundamental mode that is highly dependent on the amplitude of deformation, with a period varying from 0.5 to more than 1 s, depending on the intensity of the motion. The maximum displacement of the tank at the top remained below 13 cm with total accelerations of nearly 0.3 g, both for motions with Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 g. The mean maximum values were predicted with the simplified model with errors of less than 10% and 21% for displacements and accelerations, respectively. Finally, the results show that the behavior of vertical‐rocking isolated structures can be predicted by simplified models with reasonable errors and that the development of simple design guidelines and equations for VRI systems is possible.
Sonophotocatalytic Dye Degradation Using rGO‐BiVO4 Composites
Authors: Kumar Manish , Ansari M. N. M. , Boukhris Imed , Al‐Buriahi M. S. , Alrowaili Z. A. , Alfryyan Nada , Thomas P. , Vaish Rahul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO)/bismuth vanadate BiVO4 composites are fabricated with varied rGO amounts (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) through the synergetic effects of ultrasonication, photoinduced reduction, and hydrothermal methods, and the materials are tested as tools for sonophotocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The effect of rGO content on the sonophotocatalytic dye degradation capabilities of the composites are explored. Characterization of the proposed materials is done through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. The coexistence of BiVO4 and rGO is confirmed using Raman spectroscopy and XRD. TEM confirms the existence of interfaces between rGO and BiVO4 and XPS affirms the existence of varied elemental oxidation states. In order to investigate the charge carriers transportation, time‐dependent photocurrent responses of BiVO4 and 2 wt%‐ rGO/BiVO4 are done under visible light irradiation. The sonophotocatalytic MB dye degradation in an aqueous medium displays promising enhancement with rGO doping in rGO/BiVO4 composite. The 2 wt%‐ rGO/BiVO4 sample exhibits ≈52% MB dye degradation efficiency as compared to pure BiVO4 (≈25%) in 180 min of the sonophotocatalysis experiment. Phytotoxicity analysis through germination index is done using vigna radiata seeds.
AnchoisFert: A New Organic Fertilizer from Fish Processing Waste for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Muscolo Adele , Mauriello Francesco , Marra Federica , Calabrò Paolo Salvatore , Russo Mariateresa , Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe “AnchoisFert”, the solid residue comprised of milled anchovy leftovers after fish oil extraction with biobased limonene, is a powerful organic fertilizer. Employed to promote the growth of Tropea's red onion (Allium cepa), the fertilizer turns out to largely be superior to commonly used organic (manure) and chemical (nitrogen phosphorous potassium) fertilizers. Rich in proteins, organic carbon, flavonoids, magnesium, potassium, phosphate and sulfate, and devoid of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, the new organic fertilizer can replace both conventional organic and inorganic fertilizers. This discovery closes the fishing material cycle for the most fished species across the seas opening the route to a new class of organic fertilizers of exceptional performance derived from abundant biowaste via a low‐cost and environmentally‐friendly circular economy process.
The differential association between local neurotransmitter levels and whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity in two distinct cingulate cortex subregions
Authors: Li Meng , Danyeli Lena Vera , Colic Lejla , Wagner Gerd , Smesny Stefan , Chand Tara , Di Xin , Biswal Bharat B. , Kaufmann Jörn , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Speck Oliver , Walter Martin , Sen Zümrüt Duygu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReproducible resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns and their alterations play an increasing role in neuropsychiatric research. Studies that limit the analysis of metabolites and rsFC strengths to a predefined canonical network suggest that the rsFC strength positively correlates with the local glutamate (Glu) levels and negatively correlates with the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. The contribution of regional neurotransmitter activity to rsFC strengths from a given seed to the whole‐brain remains unclear. In this study, 121 healthy participants (50 female/71 male) underwent multimodal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 T, allowing for acquisition of multiple, neuroanatomically well‐defined MRS voxels in the same session. We examined the association between rsFC and local neurotransmitter levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and the anterior mid‐cingulate cortex (aMCC) by varying rsFC strengths at the whole‐brain level. Our results showed that both glutamatergic and GABAergic edge weights (defined as the across‐participants partial correlation coefficients between the local metabolite levels and the rsFC of the seed region to each target parcel) were positively correlated with the rsFC strengths in the pgACC and negatively correlated with the rsFC strengths in the aMCC. The region‐dependent directionality of associations may indicate that region‐specific microscale properties, such as neurotransmitter receptor architecture, modulate the interaction between brain regions at the macroscale level.
Promoting transfer of hybrid training: Interaction of task‐contingent conscientiousness and supervisor support
Authors: Blume Brian D. , Huang Jason L. , Wang Zhonghao , Ford J. Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on training has accumulated knowledge of factors influencing transfer of training. However, little is known about how these factors interact to impact training activity level and training transfer. Based on recent advances in the contingency approach to personality, we examine person–situation interaction by testing how task‐contingent conscientiousness influences trainees to utilize supervisor support differently during training and transfer. We situate the current investigation in hybrid management training courses where a field sample of employees (N = 200) first attended required in‐person workshops and then received voluntary online modules. Results show that task‐contingent conscientiousness moderated both the linkage between supervisor support and training activity level and the linkage between training activity level and transfer of training. Specifically, for trainees with higher task‐contingent conscientiousness, supervisor support tended to have a stronger association with training activity level, and training activity level tended to translate into more transfer of training. Our findings provide unique insights into when supervisor support may be more beneficial depending on trainees' individual differences. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research.
A taxonomy of hydrological processes and watershed function
Authors: McMillan Hilary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a taxonomy (hierarchical organization) of hydrological processes; specifically, runoff generation processes in natural watersheds. Over 130 process names were extracted from a literature review of papers describing experimental watersheds, perceptual models, and runoff processes in a range of hydro‐climatic environments. Processes were arranged into a hierarchical structure, and presented as a spreadsheet and interactive diagram. For each process, additional information was provided: a list of alternative names for the same process, a classification into hydrological function (e.g., flux, storage, release) and a unique identifier similar to a hashtag. We hope that the proposed hierarchy will prompt collaboration and debate in the hydrologic community into naming and organizing processes, towards a comprehensive taxonomy. The taxonomy provides a method to label and search hydrological knowledge, thereby facilitating synthesis and comparison of processes across watersheds.
School‐based mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms in adolescence: For whom is it most effective?
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Hintsanen Mirka , Vahlberg Tero , Hankonen Nelli , Volanen Salla‐Maarit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is accumulating evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions in alleviating depressive symptoms. A crucial question is, however, whether mindfulness interventions are more effective for some individuals than others, depending on individual characteristics before a mindfulness intervention. We exploratorily investigated whether the effectiveness of school‐based mindfulness intervention against depressive symptoms is modified by executive functions, rumination, and emotion regulation among adolescents.MethodsThe longitudinal data included adolescents with at least mild depressive symptoms at the baseline (n = 369, at the 6th–8th grade, 68.4% female) who were randomized into a 9‐week school‐based mindfulness intervention group, into an active control group receiving relaxation program, or into an inactive control group. Adolescents' executive functions, rumination, and emotion regulation (i.e., acceptance, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal) were assessed at the baseline; and depressive symptoms at three time points (at the baseline and at 9‐week and 6‐month follow‐ups).Results and ConclusionsIn adolescents with at least mild depressive symptoms at the baseline, high catastrophizing, high acceptance, and low executive functions were found to increase the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based intervention against depressive symptoms. There seemed to be some sex differences. Thus, when aiming to alleviate depressive symptoms, mindfulness‐based intervention may possibly be more effective for adolescents with high catastrophizing, high acceptance, and low executive functioning (than for adolescents with the opposite dispositions). However, as this study was exploratory by nature and corrections for multiple testing were not used, the findings must be regarded as preliminary and need confirmation in further studies.
Strength‐based parenting and stress‐related growth in adolescents: Exploring the role of positive reappraisal, school belonging, and emotional processing during the pandemic
Authors: Allen Kelly‐Ann , Waters Lea , Arslan Gökmen , Prentice Marcelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has changed the way families live, interact, and connect with others, resulting in higher levels of stress for many teenagers who struggle with the ongoing uncertainty and disrupted school and family life. The current study examined the psychosocial factors that influence the capacity of adolescents to grow through the stress of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe sample included 404 secondary school students ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 14.75, SD = 1.59; 50.2% female, 46.8% male, and 3% non‐/other gendered or declined to answer) from an independent high school in Australia. Data were collected from a battery of questionnaires that assessed strength‐based parenting (SBP) and the effect of three psychosocial factors (positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and school belonging) on stress‐related growth.ResultsStructural equation modeling showed that (SBP) was significantly associated with stress‐related growth (SRG). Positive reappraisal and emotional processing were also positively and significantly associated with SRG and mediated the effect of SBP on SRG. Moreover, school belonging was positively linked to positive coping, emotional processing, and SRG, as well as mediating the association of SBP with positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and SRG in adolescents during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe results show that teenagers can experience SRG during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and adolescents adapting by engaging in constructive coping responses such as positive reappraisal and emotional processing is positively related to SRG.
Parent and teacher involvement and the development of students' academic engagement: A growth curve analysis over four time points
Authors: Rickert Nicolette P. , Skinner Ellen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study sought to examine how warm involvement from parents and teachers contributes to the development of students' academic engagement, and whether the relative contributions of adults differ as students begin the transition to middle school.MethodsTrivariate latent growth curve modeling was used to examine 1011 third–sixth graders' (95% White, 52.7% female) reports of parent and teacher involvement and engagement across fall and spring of 2 consecutive school years in the United States.ResultsEven though engagement showed different patterns of normative change across grades, parents' and teachers' initial levels and changes in involvement uniquely and positively predicted initial levels and changes in student engagement, respectively. However, initial levels of adult involvement made unique negative contributions to engagement trajectories for students in some grade segments, especially those whose engagement was changing most rapidly. Students with higher initial levels of adult involvement were more likely to experience losses in involvement the following school year, making them susceptible to declines in engagement, even though they remained higher in engagement than students with lower levels of adult involvement.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that to maintain or promote engagement over late elementary and early middle school, students need “continuity of caregiving,” in which involvement from both adults is sustained or augmented over the time that engagement trajectories are unfolding.