bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting primary school students' mental health needs: Teachers' perceptions of roles, barriers, and abilities
Authors: Maclean Louise , Law Jeremy M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMental health problems among children are on the rise across the United Kingdom. Teachers are uniquely placed to play a vital role in early identification and intervention. This study aims to identify and discuss potential barriers among Scottish teachers' concerning their role in supporting children's mental health. One hundred and seventy‐nine Scottish primary school teaching staff from 30 different council areas completed an online survey. The survey examined mental health concerns observed in the classroom; barriers to support; perceived personal knowledge; and training. Results indicate that teachers believe they have a role in supporting children's mental health. However, teachers perceive themselves as having a lack of knowledge and specific skills to promote positive mental health. A lack of adequate training was identified as a primary barrier to delivering adequate supports and identification. Results demonstrate the need for a greater emphasis on professional development and preservice training to address this knowledge gap.
Proteomic analysis of metabolic pathways supports chloroplast–mitochondria cross‐talk in a Cu‐limited diatom
Authors: Hippmann Anna A. , Schuback Nina , Moon Kyung‐Mee , McCrow John P. , Allen Andrew E. , Foster Leonard F. , Green Beverley R. , Maldonado Maria T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiatoms are one of the most successful phytoplankton groups in our oceans, being responsible for over 20% of the Earth's photosynthetic productivity. Their chimeric genomes have genes derived from red algae, green algae, bacteria, and heterotrophs, resulting in multiple isoenzymes targeted to different cellular compartments with the potential for differential regulation under nutrient limitation. The resulting interactions between metabolic pathways are not yet fully understood. We previously showed how acclimation to Cu limitation enhanced susceptibility to overreduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and its reorganization to favor photoprotection over light harvesting in the oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica (Hippmann et al., 2017, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181753). In order to gain a better understanding of the overall metabolic changes that help alleviate the stress of Cu limitation, we have further analyzed the comprehensive proteomic datasets generated in that study to identify differentially expressed proteins involved in carbon, nitrogen, and oxidative stress‐related metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathway analysis showed integrated responses to Cu limitation. The upregulation of ferredoxin (Fdx) was correlated with upregulation of plastidial Fdx‐dependent isoenzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation as well as enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis, thus suggesting an integration of nitrogen uptake and metabolism with photosynthesis and oxidative stress resistance. The differential expression of glycolytic isoenzymes located in the chloroplast and mitochondria may enable them to channel both excess electrons and/or ATP between these compartments. An additional support for chloroplast–mitochondrial cross‐talk is the increased expression of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins involved in the proposed malate shunt under Cu limitation.
The effect of zero‐point energy in simulating organic reactions with post‐transition state bifurcation
Authors: Tremblay Matthew T. , Yang Zhongyue J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmbimodal reactions involve a single transition state leading to multiple products. To assess the ratio of the bifurcation products, quasiclassical trajectories (QCTs) are initiated from transition state geometries that are randomly sampled using the zero‐point energy (ZPE) plus thermal energy of a molecule's vibrational modes. However, in the QCTs, the influence of ZPE percentage in the resulting bifurcation ratio and time gap between formation of bonds is not well understood. To benchmark the effect of varying the percentage of the molecules' inherent ZPE used in the simulation, three organic reactions with distinct mechanisms that all display post‐transition state bifurcation were selected. The three reactions studied include an intramolecular [6 + 4]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition, an asynchronous nitrene insertion, and an SN2/addition to a carbonyl on an α‐bromoketone. These reactions encompass various modes of bond formation and cleavage, offering a broad view of the influence of ZPE scaling in evaluating the product ratio resulted from post‐transition state bifurcation. Exploring means of tuning selectivity in simulation enables development of more accurate organic reaction modeling for synthetic prediction. This work will establish a basis for future QCT studies of organic reactions.
Growth and treatment of hydrogenated amorphous carbon nanoparticles in a low‐pressure plasma
Authors: Asnaz Oguz Han , Kohlmann Niklas , Folger Hauke , Greiner Franko , Benedikt Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA parallel‐plate, low‐pressure plasma for fundamental nanodusty plasma research is used to grow hydrogenated amorphous carbon nanoparticles using an argon‐acetylene gas mixture. The particles stay confined in the volume of the argon plasma after turning off the gas flow and the effects of prolonged treatment with noble gas (Ar) and reactive gas mixtures (Ar/, Ar/, or Ar/) are investigated using in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, ex situ scanning electron microscopy imaging of extracted nanoparticles is used to analyze their size and surface morphology. In 45 min of argon treatment, a size increase of about 50% is seen together with a decrease in bonds and an increase in C═O bonds, indicating incorporation of oxygen from gas impurities into the particle material. All reactive gas mixtures lead to the expected etching of the nanoparticle material without any exchange reactions between gas‐phase deuterium and surface‐bonded hydrogen atoms. These results are important for in situ studies of nanoparticle clouds such as dust density wave diagnostics, but they also provide fundamental information about plasma interaction with a‐C:H material.
Time resolved study of ignition of microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons
Authors: Lebedev Yuri A. , Krashevskaya Galina V. , Batukaev Timur S. , Mikhaylyuk Andrey V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResults of the study of acoustic phenomena and changes in the structure of the microwave (2.45 GHz) discharge in liquid hydrocarbons in time are presented. Discharge was ignited at the tip of microwave antennas with conical or rounded ends. Petroleum solvent Nefras was chosen as representative of liquid hydrocarbons. Electret microphone and high‐speed video cameras were used to study the discharge. It is shown that the discharge is always attached to the top of the cone in the case of the conical end of the antenna whereas ignition of the discharge generates in the gas part of the reactor a set of acoustic oscillations with frequencies corresponding to the characteristic oscillations of the reactor.
Ventilator versus manual hyperinflation in adults receiving mechanical ventilation: A systematic review
Authors: Valer Bruna Bampi , Bonczynski Guilherme Silva , Scheffer Karina Dornsbach , Ibrahim Forgiarini Soraia Genebra , Eibel Bruna , Lisboa Cordeiro André Luiz , Friedman Gilberto , Forgiarini Júnior Luiz Alberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionManual hyperinflation (MHI) or with a mechanical ventilator (VHI) are alternatives in bronchial hygiene therapy, in recent years several studies have emerged with the objective of verifying the effectiveness and safety of the techniques.ObjectiveSystematically review and analyze the most recent studies in the literature on MHI and VHI, compare both techniques and demonstrate their effectiveness in bronchial hygiene therapy in mechanically ventilated patients.MethodsWe conducted this systematic review based on the PICO strategy and used the databases Ovid, LILACS, CINAHL, Pubmed and CENTRAL. Search, selection and analysis of randomized controlled trials on MHI, VHI or comparing both techniques. We performed a comparison on secretion elimination, static and dynamic compliance, oxygenation and clinical outcomes. The studies were analyzed by two independent evaluators.ResultsNine articles were selected comparing MHI with usual care, demonstrating improved compliance in the MHI group, but with no impact on secretion removal. Four studies compared VHI with usual care, with three showing increased secretion elimination and compliance in the HVM group. Another four articles compared MHI with VHI but none of the studies showed superiority in terms of elimination of secretion and three studies found improvement in static compliance.ConclusionBoth techniques have proven to be effective alternatives to bronchial hygiene therapy.
Visualization of the evolution of bubbles in the spray sheet discharged from the air‐induction nozzle
Authors: Gong Chen , Li Dongyang , Kang Can 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe air‐induction nozzle greatly reduces drift potential by increasing spray droplet size compared with a standard flat‐fan nozzle. The current study aims to reveal the mechanism behind the formation of large droplets through the air‐induction nozzle from the aspect of bubble evolution in the spray sheet.RESULTSBubble break‐up leads directly to the formation of perforations because large bubbles reach both sides of the spray sheet. The surface disturbance induced by bubble break‐up modulates spray sheet thickness, which indirectly leads to the generation of perforations. Compared with the spray pressure, nozzle configuration has a more significant effect on both the volumetric flow rate of intake air and the thickness of the spray sheet. As the nozzle is changed from ID‐120‐01 to ID‐120‐05, the volumetric flow rate of intake air increases by 801.30% at a spray pressure of 0.3 MPa, whereas spray sheet thickness increases by 412.50% at a radial distance of 10 mm.CONCLUSIONBubble break‐up is the main reason for the generation of perforations within an air‐induction nozzle, leading to early break‐up of the spray sheet and the production of large spray droplets. Bubble break‐up can be effectively controlled by modifying the nozzle configuration.
A parameter free Bayesian adaptive EWMA mean chart under different loss functions
Authors: Noor‐ul‐Amin Muhammad , Noor Surria , Feroze Navid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart is more sensitive than the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart for the mean shifts. The EWMA control chart is used to monitor the small or moderate shifts, and the Shewhart control chart is used to monitor only large shifts in the process mean. The AEWMA control chart is useful to monitor the small to large mean shifts. We proposed a new parameter free Bayesian AEWMA mean chart under different loss functions (LFs). We used two different LFs as symmetric LF namely squared error loss function (SELF) and asymmetric LF namely Linex loss function (LLF) with both informative and non‐informative priors for posterior and posterior predictive distributions. The average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) are used to measure the performance of the proposed parameter free Bayesian AEWMA control chart under different LFs. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to evaluate the proposed control chart under different LFs. A real data example is used for implementation purposes.
Change time estimation uncertainty in nonlinear dynamical systems with applications to COVID‐19
Authors: Alisic Rijad , Paré Philip E. , Sandberg Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe impact that each individual non‐pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) had on the spread rate of COVID‐19 is difficult to estimate, since several NPIs were implemented in rapid succession in most countries. In this article, we analyze the detectability of sudden changes in a parameter of nonlinear dynamical systems, which could be used to represent NPIs or mutations of the virus, in the presence of measurement noise. Specifically, by taking an agnostic approach, we provide necessary conditions for when the best possible unbiased estimator is able to isolate the effect of a sudden change in a model parameter, by using the Hammersley–Chapman–Robbins (HCR) lower bound. Several simplifications to the calculation of the HCR lower bound are given, which depend on the amplitude of the sudden change and the dynamics of the system. We further define the concept of the most informative sample based on the largest distance between two output trajectories, which is a good indicator of when the HCR lower bound converges. These results are thereafter used to analyze the susceptible‐infected‐removed model. For instance, we show that performing analysis using the number of recovered/deceased, as opposed to the cumulative number of infected, may be an inferior signal to use since sudden changes are fundamentally more difficult to estimate and seem to require more samples. Finally, these results are verified by simulations and applied to real data from the spread of COVID‐19 in France.
Theory‐based learning and experimentation: How strategists can systematically generate knowledge at the edge between the known and the unknown
Authors: Ehrig Timo , Schmidt Jens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe present a framework for theory‐based learning and experimentation under uncertainty. Strategists' assumptions about how an envisioned future can be reached are likely incomplete and possibly wrong, for instance, if critical contingencies have been overlooked. We explain how strategists can learn from thinking about and testing necessary conditions for an envisioned future to materialize. By logically linking assumptions to consequences our framework allows drawing inferences from experiments with testable assumptions about elements of a strategy that cannot be tested without major investments. Our framework contains the first formal model of learning from arguments in the strategy literature. By using our framework, strategists can maintain focus on an envisioned future while at the same time systematically seeking out reasons and evidence for why they are wrong.Managerial SummaryWe develop a framework that helps strategists to learn and understand what it takes to reach ambitious goals when there is substantial uncertainty. We ask strategists to formulate their assumptions as a theory: what needs to be true for their goal to materialize. Our framework enables strategists to scrutinize and improve their assumptions by raising objections against their theory and by pointing them to critical experiments to learn whether their assumptions hold. Using our results, strategists can in particular identify overlooked critical contingencies. Overall, we suggest how strategists should revise their beliefs about what it takes to be successful in the light of evidence and arguments for and against their strategy.
Supramolecular Network Structured Gel Polymer Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Fei , Guo Changxiang , Zhou Honghao , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Liu Terence Xiaoteng , Oleksandr Sokolskyi , Sun Jining , Dai Sheng , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymer‐based solid electrolytes (PSEs) offer great promise in developing lithium metal batteries due to their attractive features such as safety, light weight, low cost, and high processability. However, a PSE‐based lithium battery usually requires a relatively high temperature (60 °C or above) to complete charge and discharge due to the poor ionic conductivity of PSEs. Herein, a gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) film with a supramolecular network structure through a facile one‐step photopolymerization is designed and developed. The crosslinked structure and quadruple hydrogen bonding fulfil the GPEs with high thermal stability and good mechanical property with a maximum tensile strain of 48%. The obtained GPEs possess a high ionic conductivity of 3.8 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C and a decomposition voltage ≥ 4.6 V (vs Li/Li+). The cells assembled with LiFePO4 cathode and Li anode, present an initial discharge specific capacity of 155.6 mAh g−1 and a good cycling efficiency with a capacity retention rate of 81.1% after 100 charges/discharge cycles at 0.1 C at ambient temperature. This work encompasses a route to develop high performance PSEs that can be operated at room temperature for future lithium metal batteries.
Atomically Defined Undercoordinated Copper Active Sites over Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Li Zhijun , Fan Tingting , Li Honghong , Lu Xiaowen , Ji Siqi , Zhang Jiangwei , Horton J. Hugh , Xu Qian , Zhu Junfa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelective aerobic oxidation of alcohols offers an attractive means to address challenges in the modern chemical industry, but the development of non‐noble metal catalysts with superior efficacy for this reaction remains a grand challenge. Here, this study reports on such a catalyst based on atomically defined undercoordinated copper atoms over nitrogen‐doped carbon support as an efficient, durable, and scalable heterogeneous catalyst for selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols. This catalyst exhibits extremely high intrinsic catalytic activity (TOF of 7692 h−1) in the oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to afford cinnamaldehyde, along with exceptional recyclability (at least eight cycles), scalability, and broad substrate scope. DFT calculations suggest that the high activity derives from the low oxidation state and the unique coordination environment of the copper sites in the catalyst. These findings pave the way for the design of highly active and stable single atom catalysts to potentially address challenges in synthetic chemistry.
Boosting Polysulfide Catalytic Conversion and Facilitating Li+ Transportation by Ion‐Selective COFs Composite Nanowire for LiS Batteries
Authors: Yan Wenqi , Gao Xiangwen , Yang Jin‐Lin , Xiong Xiaosong , Xia Shuang , Huang Wen , Chen Yuhui , Fu Lijun , Zhu Yusong , Wu Yuping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe large‐scale application of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) has been impeded by the shuttle effect of lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics since which lead to irreversible capacity decay and low sulfur utilization. Herein, a hierarchical interlayer constructed by boroxine covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high Li+ conductivity is fabricated via an in situ polymerization method on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (C@COF). The as‐prepared interlayer delivers a high Li+ ionic conductivity (1.85 mS cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.78), which not only acts as a physical barrier, but also a bidirectional catalyst for LiPSs redox process owing to the abundant heterointerfaces between the inner conductive CNTs and the outer COFs. After coupling such a catalytic interlayer with sulfur cathode, the LSBs exhibit a low decay rate of 0.07% per cycle over 500 cycles at 1 C, and long cycle life at 3 C (over 1000 cycles). More importantly, a remarkable areal capacity of around 4.69 mAh cm−2 can still be maintained after 50 cycles even under a high sulfur loading condition (6.8 mg cm−2). This work paves a new way for the design of the interlayer with bidirectional catalytic behavior in LSBs.
Harnessing 4D Printing Bioscaffolds for Advanced Orthopedics
Authors: Chen Xi , Han Shuyan , Wu Weihui , Wu Zihan , Yuan Yuan , Wu Jun , Liu Changsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could transform their morphology or function over time in response to environmental stimuli. Nowadays, highly efficient bone defect repair remains challenging in clinics. Combining programmable biomaterials, living cells, and bioactive factors, 4D bioprinting provides greater potential for constructing dynamic, personalized, and precise bone tissue engineering scaffolds by complex structure formation and functional maturation. Therefore, 4D bioprinting has been regarded as the next generation of bone repair technology. This review focuses on 4D printing and its advantages in orthopedics. The applications of different smart biomaterials and 4D printing strategies are briefly introduced. Furthermore, one summarizes the recent advancements of 4D printing in bone tissue engineering, uncovering the addressed and unaddressed medical requirements. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives are further discussed, which will offer more inspiration about the clinical transformation of this emerging 4D bioprinting technology in bone regeneration.
Study on the Flocculation Performance of a Cationic Starch‐Based Flocculant on Humic Substances in Textile Dyeing Wastewater
Authors: Wang Kexu , Liu Hongfei , Wang Yating , Zhao Dishun , Zhai Jianhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter is one of the difficult problems in the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater, among which humic substances are the most harmful to the environment and human health. Herein, cationic starch‐based flocculants are prepared by free radical polymerization of corn starch (St) and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) in a redox‐initiated system of ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite. Corn starch‐graft‐poly(methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) is denoted as St‐g‐PDMC. The St‐g‐PDMC is comprehensively characterized in terms of structural (element analysis, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), morphological (scanning electron microscopy), and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) properties. Humic acid (HA) solution is selected to simulate negatively charged dissolved organic matter. The flocculation performance and mechanism of St‐g‐PDMC, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC) are systematically investigated. The experimental results show that St‐g‐PDMC functions mainly through the electric neutralization and bridging effect as the flocculation mechanism, CPAM using its own structure and the colloid formed by PAC through hydrolysis is more in line with the bonded bridging and net roll sweep trapping. The combined formulation of St‐g‐PDMC and PAC shows advantages over a single flocculant in the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater, and its cost is evaluated.
Co‐inquiry during unprecedented times
Authors: Priest Kerry L. , Chung Jessica , Gleason Michael C. , Guthrie Kathy L. , Navarro Christine D. , Pierre Darren E. , Steele Michelle Cummings , Weng John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe confluence of crises facing our global and local communities have challenged leadership educators to think and practice differently. This has meant shifts in how we teach, how we connect with students, and how we understand our role in making change in our institutions and communities. How can we navigate change personally and as a community? The purpose of this article is to introduce co‐inquiry as an emerging method for professional community building, leadership learning, and action‐oriented research.