bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple attention-based encoder–decoder networks for gas meter character recognition
Authors: Li Weidong , Wang Shuai , Ullah Inam , Zhang Xuehai , Duan Jinlong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFactories swiftly and precisely grasp the real-time data of the production instrumentation, which is the foundation for the development and progress of industrial intelligence in industrial production. Weather, light, angle, and other unknown circumstances, on the other hand, impair the image quality of meter dials in natural environments, resulting in poor dial image quality. The remote meter reading system has trouble recognizing dial pictures in extreme settings, challenging it to meet industrial production demands. This paper provides multiple attention and encoder–decoder-based gas meter recognition networks (MAEDR) for this problem. First, from the acquired dial photos, the dial images with extreme conditions such as overexposure, artifacts, blurring, incomplete display of characters, and occlusion are chosen to generate the gas meter dataset. Then, a new character recognition network is proposed utilizing multiple attention and an encoder–decoder structure. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) extract visual features from dial images, encode visual features employing multi-head self-attention and position information, and facilitate feature alignment using the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) method. A novel two-step attention decoder is presented to improve the accuracy of recognition results. convolutional block attention module (CBAM) reweights the visual features from the CNN and the semantic features computed by the encoder to improve model performance; long short-term memory attention (LSTM attention) focuses on the relationship between feature sequences. According to experimental data, our system can effectively and efficiently identify industrial gas meter picture digits with 91.1% identification accuracy, faster inference speed, and higher accuracy than standard algorithms. The accuracy and practicality of the recognition can fulfill the needs of instrument data detection and recognition in industrial production, and it has a wide range of applications.
Global warming is shifting the relationships between fire weather and realized fire-induced CO2 emissions in Europe
Authors: Carnicer Jofre , Alegria Andrés , Giannakopoulos Christos , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Karali Anna , Koutsias Nikos , Lionello Piero , Parrington Mark , Vitolo Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFire activity has significantly changed in Europe over the last decades (1980–2020s), with the emergence of summers attaining unprecedented fire prone weather conditions. Here we report a significant shift in the non-stationary relationship linking fire weather conditions and fire intensity measured in terms of CO2 emissions released during biomass burning across a latitudinal gradient of European IPCC regions. The reported trends indicate that global warming is possibly inducing an incipient change on regional fire dynamics towards increased fire impacts in Europe, suggesting that emerging risks posed by exceptional fire-weather danger conditions may progressively exceed current wildfire suppression capabilities in the next decades and impact forest carbon sinks.
Viscotoxin and lectin content in foliage and fruit of Viscum album L. on the main host trees of Hyrcanian forests
Authors: Yousefvand Sanaz , Fattahi Farnoosh , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Urech Konrad , Schaller Gerhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMistletoe (Viscum album L.) is a hemiparasitic plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the host tree. Mistletoe contains two groups of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antitumor proteins, viscotoxins and lectins. This study evaluated the quantity and quality of viscotoxins and total lectins in the stems with leaves (foliage) and fruit of mistletoe on Parrotia persica and Carpinus betulus in September with immature green berries and in December with mature white berries. Viscum album L. plants were harvested from host species located in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran in 2019. The highest level of viscotoxins was detected in the December foliage of V. album settled on C. betulus (9.25 mg/g dry weight [DW]), and the highest content of lectins was found in the December foliage of V. album settled on P. persica (0.79 mg/g DW) and C. betulus (0.73 mg/g DW) respectively. The immature green berries of V. album from both host species contained much higher concentrations of viscotoxins and lectins than the mature white berries. Four isoforms of viscotoxins, viscotoxin A1, A2, A3 and B could be identified in all samples of both host species. Viscotoxin A3 was the predominant viscotoxin isoform followed by viscotoxin A1.
Alternative transcript splicing regulates UDP-glucosyltransferase-catalyzed detoxification of DIMBOA in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Israni Bhawana , Luck Katrin , Römhild Samantha C. W. , Raguschke Bettina , Wielsch Natalie , Hupfer Yvonne , Reichelt Michael , Svatoš Aleš , Gershenzon Jonathan , Vassão Daniel Giddings 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerbivorous insects often possess the ability to detoxify chemical defenses from their host plants. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which feeds principally on maize, detoxifies the maize benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) by stereoselective re-glucosylation using a UDP-glucosyltransferase, SfUGT33F28. SfUGT33F28 activity is induced by feeding on a DIMBOA-containing diet, but how this induction is regulated is unknown. In the present work, we describe the alternative splicing of theSfUGT33F28transcript. Variant transcripts are differentially expressed in response to DIMBOA, and this transcriptional response is mediated by an insect aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These variants have large deletions leading to the production of truncated proteins that have no intrinsic UGT activity with DIMBOA but interact with the full-length enzyme to raise or lower its activity. Therefore, the formation ofSfUGT33F28splice variants induces DIMBOA-conjugating UGT activity when DIMBOA is present in the insect diet and represses activity in the absence of this plant defense compound.
Decorating polymer beads with 1014 inorganic-organic [2]rotaxanes as shown by spin counting
Authors: Asthana Deepak , Thomas Dean , Lockyer Selena J. , Brookfield Adam , Timco Grigore A. , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Whitehead George F. S. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Collison David , Leigh David A. , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolymer beads have been used as the core of magnetic particles for around twenty years. Here we report studies to attach polymetallic complexes to polymer beads for the first time, producing beads of around 115 microns diameter that are attached to 1014 hybrid inorganic-organic [2]rotaxanes. The bead is then formally a [1014] rotaxane. The number of complexes attached is counted by EPR spectroscopy after including TEMPO radicals within the thread of the hybrid [2]rotaxanes.
Demonstration of a general fault‐tolerant quantum error detection code for (2n + 1)‐qubit entangled state on IBM 16‐qubit quantum computer
Authors: Singh Ranveer Kumar , Panda Bishvanwesha , Behera Bikash K. , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantum error detection has always been a fundamental challenge in a fault‐tolerant quantum computer. Hence, it is of immense importance to detect and deal with arbitrary errors to efficiently perform quantum computation. Several error detection codes have been proposed and realised for lower number of qubit systems. Here we present an error detection code for a (2n + 1)‐qubit entangled state using two syndrome qubits and simulate it on International Business Machines 16‐qubit quantum computer for a 13‐qubit entangled system. The code is able to detect an arbitrary quantum error in any one of the first 2n qubits of the (2n + 1)‐qubit entangled state and detects any bit‐flip error on the last qubit of the (2n + 1)‐qubit entangled state via measurements on a pair of ancillary error syndrome qubits. The protocol presented here paves the way for designing error detection codes for the general higher number of entangled qubit systems.
Energy management scheme of single‐phase electric energy router with two‐layer intelligent control combined with optimal scheduling of battery
Authors: Zhao Guopeng , Li Zheng , Zha Pengfei , Liu Jiaxing , Jiang Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a key equipment in energy internet, the Electric Energy Router (EER) which takes the converter as the core device solved the problems of power diversity and multi‐directional flow of power. This paper designs a household single‐phase electric energy router (SPEER), and proposes an energy management scheme with two‐layer intelligent control combined with optimal scheduling of battery under isolated grid and grid‐connected conditions. The upper instruction layer mainly uses holistic intelligent decision‐making and the lower execution layer controls each converter to complete the energy management of the entire system according to the upper instructions. In the isolated grid, The SPEER operates in three modes based on AC/DC distributed generation, AC/DC load and energy storage status to maintain the stability of the system. When connected to the grid, according to the actual situation of a certain place and the peak‐valley price policy, the charging/discharging time and power flow direction of the battery can be optimized, which can improve the operating economy. Finally, the correctness of the proposed energy management scheme was verified through experiments.
A joint model and data driven track segment association algorithm for manoeuvring target tracking
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Zhu Junjie , Zhou Shuo , Yin Tianxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the field of manoeuvring target tracking, track breakage is a common issue due to strong manoeuvrability, missed detection, large measurement error, and long sampling interval, etc. In order to improve the track continuity of manoeuvring targets, a joint model and data‐driven track segment association (JMDD‐TSA) algorithm is proposed. First, the interacting multiple model (IMM) smoother is invoked to pre‐process the track segments to obtain a smoothed state sequence. And the mode switching time (MST) is estimated by the IMM when a motion mode changing occurs in a track segment. Second, the estimated MST is used to select the partial smoothed states as the training data and the local Gaussian process (LGP) is proposed to predict and backtrack the track segments. Finally, a two‐step association strategy is designed to assign and mend the candidate track segment pairs. Compared with the model‐driven TSA and the data‐driven TSA, the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the average track life and tracking accuracy of strong manoeuvring targets.
Automatic power factor correction based on Pearson similarity for distribution networks
Authors: Mahmoud R. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an online algorithm of automatic power factor correction (APFC) for distribution power grids is presented. The algorithm depends on Pearson similarity of voltage and current signals, which can easily be measured locally using voltage and current transformers, respectively. The proposed method not only evaluates the original power factor (PF), but also functions the APFC more quickly. In this work, the compensation index and reactive power compensation can be identified using new mathematical formulas based on the cross‐correlation coefficients calculated between the phase voltage and current signals. Moreover, the coefficients are useful for detecting any abnormal condition. The method performance is examined on a large‐scale network with real parameters’ data, which is simulated using the alternative transient program (ATP) environment, and the proposed algorithm is developed in MATLAB package. Numerous simulation results confirm the APFC relay feasibility, and the unity PF can be achieved. Besides, the proposed algorithm is characterized by its high operating speed, safety and accuracy for PF compensation, where its performance accuracy is greater than 99.7%. The approach offers novel operating/tripping curves based on the correlation coefficients for both power factor correction (PFC) and protection functions. Therefore, it is described with high level of functionality integration, and its security and sensitivity are controllable easily using the correlation settings.
The halo around HD 32297: μm-sized cometary dust
Authors: Olofsson J. , Thébault P. , Kennedy G. M. , Bayo A. 
Published: June 2022

Context. The optical properties of the second generation dust that we observe in debris disks remain quite elusive, whether it is the absorption efficiencies at millimeter wavelengths or the (un)polarized phase function at near-infrared wavelengths. Thankfully, the same particles are experiencing forces that are size dependent (e.g., radiation pressure) and, with high angular resolution observations, we can take advantage of this natural spatial segregation.
Aims. Observations at different wavelengths probe different ranges of sizes; millimeter observations trace the larger grains, while near-infrared observations are sensitive to the other extreme of the size distribution. Consequently, there is a great synergy in combining both observational techniques to better constrain the optical properties of the particles.
Methods. We present a new approach to simultaneously model observations from“Spectro-Polarimetric High Contrast Exoplanet REsearch” (SPHERE) and the“Atacama Large Millimeter Array” (ALMA) and apply it to the debris disk around HD 32297, putting the emphasis on the spatial distribution of the grains with different β values. This modeling approach requires few assumptions on the actual sizes of the particles and the interpretation can therefore be done a posteriori.
Results. We find that the ALMA observations are best reproduced with a combination of small and large β values (0.03 and 0.42) while the SPHERE observations require several intervals of β values. We discuss the nature of the halo previously reported in ALMA observations, and hypothesize it could be caused by over-abundant μm-sized particles (the over-abundance being the consequence of their extended lifetime). We modeled the polarized phase function at near-infrared wavelengths, and fluffy aggregates larger than a few μm provide the best solution.
Conclusions. Comparing our results with comets of the Solar System, we postulate that the particles released in the disk originate from rather pristine cometary bodies (to avoid compaction of the fluffy aggregates) and they are then set on highly eccentric orbits, which could explain the halo detected at long wavelengths.
Effekte von Lebensmittelmarketing auf das
Ernährungsverhalten
Authors: Holzapfel Christina 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland zeigt die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas
ein hohes Niveau, was einen deutlichen Handlungsbedarf vor allem auf
Präventionsebene nötig macht. Die Prävention stellt eine
gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe dar, bei der verschiedene Akteure eine
wesentliche Rolle spielen. Dies ist vor allem der Tatsache geschuldet, dass die
Entstehung von Übergewicht und Adipositas multifaktoriell ist. Die
Hauptursache ist eine positive Energiebilanz, für welche verschiedene
Faktoren ursächlich sind. Hierzu zählt das Angebot von
energiedichten Lebensmitteln, zuckergesüßten Getränken
und übermäßigen Portionsgrößen, die
über Marketingstrategien beworben werden. Es ist vielfach belegt, dass
sich die Lebensmittelwerbung vor allem an ungesunde Produkte richtet und die
Werbemaßnahmen vor allem bei Kindern einen deutlichen Effekt auf die
Auswahl der Lebensmittel und Getränke haben. Neben der
Eindämmung und des Verbots an Kinder gerichtete Lebensmittelwerbung sind
Anreize und Nudgingmaßnahmen für gesunde Lebensmittel und
Getränke nötig, um einen gesundheitsförderlichen
Lebensstil in allen Lebensphasen zu erleichtern.
Quercetin Augments Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis, DNA Damage Response, and MiR-22 Expression While It Prevents DNA Repair in Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Malakoti Faezeh , Majidinia Maryam , Ahmadi Yasin , Yousefi Bahman , Shanebandi Darioush 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground Osteosarcoma (OS) patients are commonly treated with chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin (Cis). Quercetin with fewer side effects can improve the potency of chemotherapy and be used in combinational therapies. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Cis plus quercetin on DNA damage response (DDR), DNA repair, and apoptosis in Saos-2 cells.Methods The effects of Cis and quercetin single or in combination on Saos-2 cell viability and the cytotoxicity of the drugs were measured by MTT assay. The expression of DDR and repair components including P53, ATM, ATR, RAD51, and H2AX, and also miR-22 were analyzed by real-time PCR. The rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Results Quercetin potentiated the cytotoxic effects of Cis in Saos-2 cells. The IC50 of Cis reduced from 6.12 µM to 4.25 µM. The combination of quercetin and Cis was associated with the up-regulation of miR-22 and DDR components, including P53, ATM, ATR, and H2AX as well as the down-regulation of RAD51. Moreover, this combined regimen significantly induced apoptosis in Saos-2 cells compared to mono drugs.Conclusion The co-treatment of quercetin and Cis can accelerate DNA damage, DNA damage response, and apoptosis while interfering with the DNA repair process in Saos-2 cells. Moreover, this combination provokes the tumor suppressor miR-22 expression in these cells.
Adjuvante Therapie betagter Lungenkrebspatienten: Komparative Analyse von Indikationsstellung, Therapieadhärenz und Langzeitüberleben
Authors: Scheffold Ansgar , Eul Bastian , Degen Maria , Witte Biruta 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Das Lungenkarzinom wird immer häufiger bei älteren Patienten diagnostiziert. Gerade in dieser Altersgruppe fehlen jedoch kontrollierte Daten zur Indikationsstellung und Durchführbarkeit multimodaler Therapien. Daher vergleicht die vorliegende Studie über und unter 70-jährige Patienten mit operiertem NSCLC-Stadium II bis IV (oligo) hinsichtlich Indikationsstellung, Therapieadhärenz und Überleben.
Patienten und Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden 316 Patienten, 115 davon 70 Jahre oder älter, mit NSCLC im Stadium II, III und oligometastatischem Stadium IV, die zwischen 2008 und 2018 in der Thoraxchirurgie am Universitätsklinikum Gießen in kurativer Absicht operiert wurden. Primäre Endpunkte waren Indikationsstellung und Therapieadhärenz. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren therapieassoziierte Morbidität und Langzeitüberleben.
Ergebnisse Ältere Menschen erhielten signifikant weniger Empfehlungen zur adjuvanten Therapie, sowohl Chemotherapie (OR=0,509) als auch Radiochemotherapie (OR=0,455). Im Vergleich zu den jüngeren Patienten beendeten weniger ältere Patienten die Behandlung vollständig (OR=0,423) und begannen seltener mit der Therapie (OR=4,49). Trotz einer über die Jahre angestiegenen Zahl indizierter adjuvanter Therapien im Gesamtkollektiv blieb die Zahl therapierter älterer Patienten gleich. Das 5-Jahres-Überleben älterer Patienten war nach adjuvanter Behandlung besser (Stadium II, 51,9 vs. 31,8%; Stadium III, 29,0 vs. 25,8%).
Schlussfolgerung Die stadiengerechte adjuvante Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms ist auch bei über 70-jährigen Patienten grundsätzlich sinnvoll und durchführbar. Sie wird bei älteren Patienten seltener indiziert und durchgeführt. Über die Jahre betrachtet blieb die Zahl therapierter älterer Patienten trotz Indikationsausweitung unverändert. Da postoperativer Verlauf, Komorbidität, Gebrechlichkeit und Toxizität eine große Rolle spielen, sollte statt des Alters die individuelle Einschätzung jedes Einzelfalls in einer interdisziplinären onkologischen Konferenz als Grundlage für Therapieentscheidungen dienen. Vielversprechend erscheinen neuere, potenziell besser verträgliche Medikamente wie bspw. Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren, die derzeit im Rahmen von Studien neoadjuvant in primär resektablen nodal-positiven Tumorstadien eingesetzt werden.
Evaluation of Biological Activity of a Diazocine Derivative against
Heart Failure Using an Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Lauro Figueroa-Valverde , Marcela Rosas-Nexticapa , Maria López-Ramos , Magdalena Alvarez-Ramirez , Virginia Mateu-Armad Maria , Francisco Díaz-Cedillo , Alejandra Garcimarrero-Espino , Tomas Lopez Gutierrez , Montserrat Melgarejo-Gutierrez 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background There are studies, which suggest that some diazocine
derivatives can exert effects on the cardiovascular system; however, these
effects are not very clear.
Objective The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological activity
of a diazocine derivative against heart failure translated as area infarct.
Methods Biological activity produced by diazocine derivatives against
heart failure was determinate using an ischemia/reperfusion injury
model. Besides, to characterize the molecular mechanism of effect exerted by
diazocine derivative on left ventricular pressure (LVP) was determinate in an
isolated rat heart model using nifedipine, PINAME TXA2, and
quinalizarin as controls.
Results The results showed that diazocine derivative decrease the infarct
area and increase the LVP. However, the effect produced by diazocine derivative
on LVP was inhibited in the presence of quinalizarin.
Conclusions The results indicate that biological activity produced by
diazocine derivative on left ventricular pressure is through protein CK2
activation; this phenomenon could be translated as a decrease in both infarct
area and heart failure.
Construction of Quaternary Allylic Amino Acid Derivatives through Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reaction of Azlactones with Vinyl Aziridine
Authors: Huang Ke-Xin , Gao Wen-Chao , Chen Zhao-Yang , Liu Xue-Guo , Ye Hong-Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA highly efficient Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of azlactones with vinyl aziridine has been achieved for the first time to access­ functionalized quaternary allylic amino acid derivatives (17 examples, up to 89% yield and 80% ee). Moreover, the broad scope and easy transformations of the products reinforce the value of this approach, which can enrich the chemistry of quaternary allylic amino acid derivatives.
Synthesis of para-Quinone Methides via Oxidative Ring-Opening of Spiro-cyclopropanyl-cyclohexadienones
Authors: Wu Jianli , Song Xixi , Li Miaomiao , Cui Chaoxing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn efficient and simple IBX-promoted oxidative ring-opening of spiro-cyclopropanyl-cyclohexadienones was developed. Disubstituted para-quinone methides were obtained with good to excellent yields and high regioselectivity (33 examples, 45–90% yields). This convenient transformation provides a new method to construct significant para-quinone methides and features high efficiency, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility