bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Language use in EFL classes
Authors: Orfan Sayeed Naqibullah , Noori Abdul Qawi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study examined instructors’ arguments for and against the use of L1 in EFL classes. It explored the frequency use and functions of L1 in classes. It also investigated the impact of the participants’ gender, education and years of teaching on their responses. A questionnaire and classroom observations were used to collect data from 189 and 5 EFL instructors, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that EFL instructors had mixed perceptions about L1 use in EFL classes. They believed that L1 had both facilitative roles (e.g. helping students build up their lexicon) and negative consequences (e.g., interfering in students’ learning). Furthermore, the instructors utilized L1 for various language, classroom management and social purposes. L1 was more frequently used to explain difficult grammatical points, new vocabulary and difficult concepts. Instructors favored and used L1 more frequently in low level classes than higher levels. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between participants’ responses by their gender, education and years of teaching. The study recommends Afghan EFL instructors to revisit their use of L1 in EFL classes and use it judiciously and systematically to optimize students’ English learning and prevent negative consequences of the overuse of L1 (e.g., learners’ dependence on L1).
Genetic and Embryological Basis with Clinical Implications of Lobulated Kidney: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: D'Sa Divya Shanthi , T.K Vasudha , Rao K. Anup 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Lobation of kidney is a normal stage during development. Persistent foetal lobulations of kidneys may mimick inflammatory conditions like renal scars in CT and also mistaken for a tumour. It may lead to errors in diagnosis and resulting in unwanted investigations and interventions. The present study’s main emphasis was to look for foetal lobulations in adult kidneys, study its genetic and embryological basis as well as describe its clinical significance. Materials and methods: This observational study includes 25 formalin-fixed cadavers, sourced from Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka, India, during the period of 2015–21. Total of 50 kidneys were observed for lobulations and data obtained was tabulated. Results: Of the 25 right and 25 left kidneys, five kidneys showed lobulations, among which 2 were right and 3 left.Conclusion: In the present study, we found 8% of lobulations on right side and 12% on left side. The knowledge of lobulations is of importance in distinguishing a pathological kidney from a normal sized healthy kidney
People powered research: What do communities identify as important for happy and healthy children and young people? A multi-disciplinary community research priority setting exercise in the City of Bradford, United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: Cartwright Christopher , Rahman Aamnah , Islam Shahid , Lockyer Bridget , Roper Euroline , Worcester Meegan , Zarate Melany , McEachan Rosemary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Involving communities in research priority setting can increase the relevance and efficiency of research, leading to better health outcomes. However these exercises often lack clarity in how communities are involved and the extent to which priorities are acted upon is unclear. Seldom-heard groups, for example ethnic minorities may experience barriers to participation. We report methods and outcomes of an inclusive co-produced community research priority setting exercise within the multicultural and deprived city of Bradford, UK. The aim was to identify priorities for keeping children happy and healthy and was undertaken by the Born in Bradford (BiB) research programme to inform future research agendas.Methods: A 12 member multi-disciplinary, multi-ethnic community steering group led the process using a modified James Lind Alliance approach between December 2018-March 2020. Research priorities were collected via a community and online survey distributed widely. Respondents were asked to list three important things to keep children i)happy, ii) healthy and what needs to change to improve either health or happiness. Free text data were coded iteratively by community researchers, and shared priorities were co-produced in a series of workshops and meetings. Results: 588 respondents to the survey identified 5748 priorities, which were coded into 22 themes. These covered a range of individual, social and wider socioeconomic, environmental and cultural priorities. Diet/nutrition and exercise were most commonly identified as important for health, including what needs to change to improve health. For happiness, home life and family relationships, listening to children, and education/activities were the most commonly identified. Community assets were identified as important to change for both health and happiness. From the survey response the steering group developed 27 research questions. There were mapped onto existing and planned research agendas within BiB. Conclusions: Communities identified both structural and individual factors as important priorities for health and happiness. We demonstrate how communities can be involved in priority setting using a co-productive approach in the hope this can be used as a model for others. The resulting shared research agenda will shape future research to improve the health of families living in Bradford.
Regional differences in dietary pattern in India and its relation to nutrition related outcomes
Authors: Venkatesan Padmanaban , SS Prakash , Ramasamy Jagadish 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This work was done to study whether regional differences in dietary patterns in India has a role in nutrition related health outcomes such as anemia, obesity, undernutrition, and high blood glucose.
Methods
It was an ecological study using data on food consumption and nutrition related health outcomes extracted from household consumer expenditure survey (2011), and National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-16), respectively. Data were extracted at district level from both these surveys and analysed separately for rural and urban regions. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and their correlation with health outcomes were analysed by spatial regression analysis.
Results
Four major dietary patterns were observed and were similar between rural and urban regions. ‘Milk and wheat rich diet’ was positively associated with prevalence of anemia among men. ‘Rice and meat rich diet’ and ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ were positively associated with prevalence of overweight BMI and high blood glucose in women. ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ was negatively associated with prevalence of underweight BMI and anemia in women. ‘Refined oil and tur dal rich diet’ was positively associated with overweight BMI and hypertension and negatively associated with underweight BMI and anemia in men and women. These associations were significant after adjusting for differences in socio-economic development.
Conclusions
Four major dietary patterns were associated with several nutrition related health outcomes. The mechanism of these associations must be explored further.
Immunoinformatics approach to epitope-based vaccine design against the SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladeshi patients
Authors: Akter Shahina , Shahab Muhammad , Sarkar Md. Murshed Hasan , Hayat Chandni , Banu Tanjina Akhtar , Goswami Barna , Jahan Iffat , Osman Eshrar , Uzzaman Mohammad Samir , Habib Md Ahashan , Shaikh Aftab Ali , Khan Md. Salim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has brought a great challenge to public health. After the first emergence of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. As of March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Bangladesh and since then the country has experienced a steady rise in infections, resulting in 13,355,191 cases and 29,024 deaths as of 27 February 2022. Bioinformatics techniques are used to predict B- and T-cell epitopes from the new SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein in order to build a unique multiple epitope vaccine. The immunogenicity, antigenicity scores, and toxicity of these epitopes were evaluated and chosen based on their capacity to elicit an immune response. The best multi-epitope of the possible immunogenic property was created by combining epitopes. EAAAK, AAY, and GPGPG linkers were used to connect the epitopes. In several computer-based immune response analyses, this vaccine design was found to be efficient, as well as having high population coverage. This research is entirely reliant on the development of epitope-based vaccines, and these in silico findings would represent a major step forward in the development of a vaccine that might eradicate SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladeshi patients.
A case of Sheehan syndrome six years postpartum with hypothyroidism and mild hyponatremia
Authors: Jindal Himanshu ,   2.	Priya Mishra,   3.	Efa Khan, Palawat Sandeep Singh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Sheehan syndrome, also referred to as postpartum hypopituitarism is often a sequela of massive post-partum hemorrhage in resource poor healthcare settings where blood loss during delivery is often neglected. The diagnosis of this rare but fatal is disease is often delayed because the symptoms are vague and the pituitary dysfunction is insidious in nature. This condition sometimes takes more than a decade before it is diagnosed. The classic signs and symptoms include agalactia, secondary amenorrhea and dry wrinkling skin. Often an empty or a partially empty sella is seen on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. We present the case of a 35-year-old multiparous female with anhedonia and raised serum transaminases who presented to our side with mild hyponatremia and hypothyroidism. She got diagnosed with Sheehan syndrome at our set up six years after her last obstetric event. Through this case report, we intend to provide a clinical account of the patient’s condition and management.
Phytochemical Analysis of Gossypium Hirsutum Root Extracts Obtained From Monze District of Southern Province, Zambia-Using Qualitative Methods.
Authors: Chimbwali Lawrence 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytochemicals are primary and secondary compounds which are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, leaves, vegetables and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases. Gossypium hirsutum is a plant from the Malvaceae family of flowering plants is used in folk medicine for its medicinal values. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative phytochemical analysis of Gossypium hirsutum root extracts. The results showed that the root extract of Gossypium hirsutum contains saponin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, alkaloids, phytosteroids and glycosides.
A successful total femur replacement in an unusual presentation of pathological fracture of shaft of femur and related difficult events during surgery- a case report
Authors: Vathulya Madhubari , Dhingra Mohit , seenivasagam Rajkumar kottyasamy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We here present a case of chondrosarcoma of diaphysis of femur with extensive involvement of the length of the bone. We encountered the involvement of the vessels at the junction of middle and lower third of femur during surgical resection of the tumor. The involvement of the vessel may be attributed to the pathological fracture which might have deranged the integrity of the vascular bundle. Total femur replacement was done in this case with a bipolar head and repair of abductors and hip flexors to the implanted prosthesis
The Time Value of Carbon Storage
Authors: Parisa Zack , Marland Eric , Sohngen Brent , Marland Gregg , Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Widespread concern about the risks of global climate change is increasingly focused on the urgent need for action (IPCC, 2018; IPCC, 2021), and natural climate solutions are a critical component of global strategies to achieve low temperature targets (e.g. Griscom et al. 2017, Roe et al. 2019). Yet to date, the full potential of natural systems to store carbon has not been leveraged because policy-makers have required long-term contracts to compensate for permanence concerns, and these long-term contracts substantially raise costs and limit deployment. In this paper, we lay out the rationale that our time preference for early action leads to the conclusion that multiple tons of short-term storage of carbon in ecosystem stocks can be considered to have equal value – as measured by the social cost of carbon -- as 1 ton of carbon sequestered permanently. This equivalence can be used to quantify the value of short-term carbon storage, thereby removing one of the most significant barriers to participation in the carbon market and enabling the full climate mitigation potential of the land sector to be realized.
Menakar Kembali Konsep Kala pada Fiʿil Māḍī Menurut Nuḥāt (Kajian Reflektif untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab)
Authors: Suyuti Muh Hikamudin , Asy'ari Hasyim 
Published: March 2022

The most often discussed topics concerning nahw (Arabic grammar) are ism (noun), fi’il (verb), and hurf (letter). Fi'il (verb) can be classified into māḍī, muḍāriʿ, and amar. As well as past (māḍī), present (muḍāriʿ), and future (mustaqbal). The study of time in Arabic is critical. The purpose of this study is to examine fiil māḍī using a content analysis method. This study reported that Arabic grammarians (Nuḥāt) have diverse opinions on time in fiʿil māḍī, particularly to state implications in the current and future time, an argument that is bolstered by the fact that the Assyrian language also uses it. In Arabic, the term fiʿil ghayr tām (Muḍāriʿ) refers to both present and future events. The researchers suggested to use several reading methods to improve students' Arabic understanding, including Al-Qirā'ah al-Muwassaʿah (Extensive Reading), Al-Fahm al-Qirā'ī (Reading Comprehension) and Al-Qirā'ah al-Nāqidah (Critical Reading).
EMPOWERING INDONESIAN FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS
Authors: Tandos Rosita 
Published: March 2022

Transnational domestic work is a billion dollar business that has a great impact to economic development of both sending and receiving countries. In fact, women are the main actors of this business that involve multiple stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental institutions and private sectors. Realizing the importance position of the women is necessary to enhance policies, programs and services that will bring positive impact to their lives. Islamic community development studies might provide religious perspective that integrates with other disciplines of studies such as social work, public policy and analysis, and social development. It might contribute ideas, principles and values used for improving social and economic conditions of transnational domestic workers. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the concept of Dakwah from communication (dakwah bil-lisan) into creating social action and movement (dakwah bil-hal) for attain extensive social change.***Pekerjaan rumah tangga transnasional adalah bisnis miliar dolar yang memiliki dampak yang besar bagi pembangunan ekonomi kedua negara pengirim dan penerima. Bahkan, perempuan merupakan aktor utama bisnis ini yang melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan dari lembaga pemerintah dan non-pemerintah, dan sektor swasta. Menyadari posisi pentingnya perempuan perlu meningkatkan kebijakan, program dan layanan yang akan membawa dampak positif bagi kehidupan mereka. Studi pengembangan masyarakat Islam dapat memberikan perspektif agama yang terintegrasi dengan disiplin keilmuan lain dari berbagai disilin kelimuan seperti kerja sosial, kebijakan publik dan analisis, dan pembangunan sosial. Pengembangan masyarakat Islam dapat menyumbang-kan ide-ide, prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi pekerja domestik-transnasional. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk memperluas konsep Dakwah dari komunikasi (dakwah bil lisan-) dalam menciptakan aksi sosial dan gerakan (dakwah bil-HAL) untuk mencapai perubahan sosial yang luas.
Curcumin Nanofibers: A Novel Approach to Enhance the Anticancer
Potential and Bioavailability of Curcuminoids
Authors: Ataei Mahshid , Roufogalis Basil D. , Majeed Muhammed , Shah Muhammad A. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Development of novel treatment methods for cancer is needed given the limitations
of current treatment methods, including side effects and chemotherapeutic resistance,
which may provide new hope to cancer patients. Cancer is the second leading
cause of global mortality. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has been used
since ancient times for various therapeutic purposes. Several studies have identified its activity
against cancer. Despite the established anticancer activity of curcumin, its low aqueous
solubility and bioavailability are barriers to its effectiveness. In an attempt to solve
this problem, many studies have formulated curcumin nanofiber preparations using a variety
of methods. Electrospinning is a simple and affordable method for the production of
nanofibers. Studies have shown increased curcumin bioavailability in nanofibers resulting
from their high surface/volume ratio and porosity. We have undertaken a detailed review
of studies on the anticancer effects of curcumin nanofibers. Curcumin acts by inhibiting
various biological cancer pathways, including NF-κB, mTOR, complex I, cytokines,
expression of p-p65, Ki67, and angiogenesis-associated genes. It also induces
apoptosis through activation of caspase pathways and ROS production in cancer cells.
Curcumin-loaded PLA50/PVP50/Cur15 nanofibers were investigated in breast cancer,
one of the most studied cancers, and was shown to have significant effects on the widely
used HeLa-cell line. Most of the studies undertaken have been performed in cell lines in
vitro, while relatively few animal studies have been reported. More preclinical and clinical
studies are needed to evaluate the anticancer activity of curcumin nanofibers.
Amongst studies undertaken, a variety of curcumin nanofibers of various formulations
have been shown to suppress a variety of cancer types. Overall, curcumin nanofibers
have been found to be more efficient than free curcumin. Thus, curcumin nanofibers
have been observed to improvise cancer treatment, offering great potential for effective
cancer management. Further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, involving curcumin nanofibers
have the potential to benefit cancer management.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 regulates inflammatory response in endometriosis
Authors: Wei Xin , Liu Yihua , Li Weijia , Shao Xu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is known to play an important role in innate immunity, while the relationship between NOD1 and inflammatory response in endometriosis remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the effects of NOD1 on inflammatory response in endometriosis.

Methods:
Immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were conducted to investigate the levels of NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines in the endometriotic lesions. A spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlations of NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1). Human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were isolated and incubated with peritoneal fluid with or without ML130. Cell viability was determined by using an MTT assay.

Results:
A significant elevation in NOD1 and inflammatory cytokine was observed in ectopic endometrium. Interestingly, a positive correlation between NOD1 and inflammatory cytokines was observed. In addition, treatment with ML130 significantly suppressed cell viability and the productions of inflammatory cytokines in the 20% peritoneal fluid treated ectopic HESCs.

Conclusions:
NOD1 is related to the inflammatory response that is involved in endometriosis.
Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Athamanta sicula L.
Aqueous Extract
Authors: Loucif Karima , Benchikh Fatima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Bensouici Chawki , Amira Smain 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Overexpression of tyrosinase in humans causes an increase in melanin production
in the skin, which can result in hyperpigmentation consequences such as freckles, melasma,
age spots, and melanoma. Free radicals also play a significant role in the increase of the biosynthesis of
melanin. Tyrosinase inhibitors capable of inhibiting the biosynthesis of melanin are currently used in
various hyperpigmentation and cosmetic agents to control the formation of freckles. Several synthetic
tyrosinase inhibitors have been associated with several serious side effects. Also, synthetic antioxidants
have many toxicological side effects, including carcinogenicity. There is an increasing interest in the
search for natural tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidant agents.

Aims:
The objective of this study is to evaluate total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as examine
the antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of A. sicula L. aqueous extract.

Methods:
Antioxidant activities were evaluated using superoxide radical scavenging and reducing
power methods. Moreover, a tyrosinase inhibitory assay was used to determine anti-hyperpigmentation.

Results:
The results showed that this extract was rich in total polyphenols (58.01 ± 1.18 micrograms of
gallic acid equivalents per milligrams of extract) and flavonoids (17.91 ± 1.81 micrograms quercetin
equivalents per milligram of extract). A. sicula L. aqueous extract was capable of scavenging free radicals
(IC50 = 11.87 ± 0.13 μg/mL) and acting as a strong reducing agent (A 0.5= 6.37 ± 0.42 μg/mL). A.
sicula L. had a potent tyrosinase inhibitory potential (IC50= 12.63 ± 1.15 μg/mL), which was higher
compared to kojic acid used as a standard (IC50= 25,23 ± 0,78 μg/mL, p <0.001).

Conclusion:
These results support that A. sicula L. could be a new source of antioxidant and cosmetic
use. Further studies focusing on the isolation and characterization of active principles of antioxidant
and tyrosinase inhibitory activities are needed.