bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making activation for young welfare recipients mandatory
Authors: Dahl Espen S. , Hernaes Øystein 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActivation policies to promote self‐sufficiency among recipients of welfare and other types of benefits are becoming more common in many welfare states. We evaluate a law change in Norway making welfare receipt conditional on participation in an activation program for all welfare recipients below the age of 30. Analysing the program's staggered implementation across municipalities with several modern event study estimators, we estimate that the law change had quite precise 0‐effects on benefit receipt, work and education. We also do not find any effects on the probability of being out of work or of being in employment, education or labour market programs. Qualitative evidence suggests that the zero effect may be due to the law change only impacting the participation of recipients with low expected gain from activation.
A Good and Holy Death: Ars Moriendi and the Battle of Wit versus Truth
Authors: Rentfro Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is an ancient Christian tradition of a ‘good and holy death’. That tradition has largely been forgotten in the medicalization of death, which regards death solely as an enemy to be defeated at all costs. This paper examines the tradition of a holy death through the lens of Margaret Edson's play W;t, with particular attention paid to the use of John Donne's poetry in the play. The paper then uses theologian Allen Verhey's writings on the Christian art of dying as a means to understand the play in a Christian context, with special attention paid to the way in which it portrays Vivian Bearing, the play's protagonist, as a victim as much as a beneficiary of modern medicine.
Nursing workload assessment in an intensive care unit: A retrospective observational study using the Nursing Activities Score
Authors: Sardo Pedro Miguel Garcez , Macedo Rui Pedro Antunes , Alvarelhão José Joaquim Marques , Simões João Filipe Lindo , Guedes Jenifer Adriana Domingues , Simões Carlos Jorge , Príncipe Fernanda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing Activities Score (NAS) is a promising tool for calculating the nursing workload in intensive care units (ICU). However, data on intensive care nursing activities in Portugal are practically non‐existent.AimTo assess the nursing workload in a Portuguese ICU using the NAS.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study developed throughout the analysis of the electronic health record database from 56 adult patients admitted to a six‐bed Portuguese ICU between 1 June–31 August 2020. The nursing workload was assessed by the Portuguese version of the NAS. The study was approved by the Hospital Council Board and Ethics Committee. The study report followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe average occupancy rate was 73.55% (±16.60%). The average nursing workload per participant was 67.52 (±10.91) points. There was a correlation between the occupancy rate and the nursing workload. In 35.78% of the days, the nursing workload was higher than the available human resources, overloading nurse staffing/team.ConclusionsThe nursing workload reported follows the trend of the international studies and the results reinforce the importance of adjusting the nursing staffing to the complexity of nursing care in this ICU. This study highlighted periods of nursing workload that could compromise patient safety.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis was one of the first studies carried out with the NAS after its cross‐cultural adaptation and validation for the Portuguese population. The nursing workload at the patient level was higher in the first 24 h of ICU stays. Because of the ‘administrative and management activities’ related to the ‘patient discharge procedures’, the last 24 h of ICU stays also presented high levels of nursing workload. The implementation of a nurse‐to‐patient ratio of 1:1 may contribute to safer nurse staffing and to improve patient safety in this Tertiary (level 3) ICU.
Soilborne bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae promotes cluster root formation in white lupin through ethylene mediation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Jinyong , Zhou Xiangxue , Ding Yexin , Wang Yue , Zhu Xiaoqi , Xu Feiyun , Liu Jianping , Wang Zhengrui , Zhang Jianhuan , Xu Weifeng 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Cluster roots of white lupin are induced by low phosphorus (LP) to efficiently access unavailable P, but how soilborne microbes are associated with cluster root formation (CRF) is unclear.

We investigated the roles of soilborne bacteria in CRF response to LP by high‐throughput sequencing and root–bacteria interactions.

Cluster root number was significantly decreased in plants grown in sterilized soil compared with nonsterilized soil. Proteobacteria was enriched in CR, as shown by microbiome analysis of soil (bulk, rhizosphere, and rhizosheath) and roots (main, lateral, and CR). Large‐scale gene expression level implicated ethylene mediation in CRF. Klebsiella pneumoniae (P7), a soilborne bacterium belonging to Proteobacteria, was isolated from CR. Among 11 isolated strains, P7 exhibited the highest 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) activity; this enzyme inhibits the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants by the cleavage of the ethylene precursor 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid and promotes CRF under LP. We constructed an ACCD‐deficit mutant accd in the P7 genetic background. The loss‐of‐function mutation failed to promote CRF under LP conditions. Also, auxin responses may be involved in K. pneumoniae‐ethylene‐mediated CRF.

Overall, we propose that the soilborne bacterium K. pneumoniae promotes CRF of white lupin in response to LP by ethylene mediation.
Consumer willingness to pay for healthier food products: A systematic review
Authors: Alsubhi Moosa , Blake Miranda , Nguyen Tan , Majmudar Ishani , Moodie Marj , Ananthapavan Jaithri 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFood retail strategies to improve the healthiness of food and beverage options may increase purchasing of healthier options and improve diets. Consumer demand for healthier options is an important determinant of the successful implementation and maintenance of healthy food retail interventions. A systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature was undertaken to explore whether consumers are willing to pay more for healthier foods and to determine the key factors that influence willingness to pay. Fifteen studies reported the results of 26 experiments providing willingness to pay estimates for healthier food products across a range of food retail environments. Twenty three out of the 26 experiments included in this review (88.5%) found consumers would pay a 5.6% to 91.5% (mean 30.7%) price premium for healthier foods. Studies consistently found a positive willingness to pay for foods with reduced fat and wholegrains with additional fruit and vegetables, while willingness to pay for foods with reduced salt or a combination of low fat and sugar, or salt showed mixed results. Adults over 60 years, females, those living with obesity, and consumers who aim to maintain a healthy lifestyle were more likely to pay a price premium for healthier food, whereas younger consumers, consumers with healthy weight, and consumers with higher levels of education were less likely to pay higher prices. The results of this review contribute to our understanding of consumer preferences for healthier products and provide information to retailers on consumer surplus (benefits) associated with the provision of healthier food alternatives.
Targeted manipulation of grain shape genes effectively improves outcrossing rate and hybrid seed production in rice
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Gou Yajun , Heng Yueqin , Ding Wenyan , Li Yajing , Zhou Degui , Li Xiaoqing , Liang Churong , Wu Chuanyin , Wang Haiyang , Shen Rongxin 
Published: November 2022

SummaryStigma exsertion rate (SER) of the male sterile line is a key limiting factor for hybrid seed production in rice. Although a large number of quantitative trait loci associated with SER have been reported, few genes have been molecularly cloned and functionally characterized, severely hindering the genetic improvement of SER of the male sterile line and the breeding efficiency of hybrid rice. In this study, we identified three grain shape regulatory genes, GS3, GW8 and GS9, as potential candidate genes for targeted manipulation of grain shape and SER. We show that simultaneously knocking out these three genes could effectively increase SER by increasing the ratio of spikelet length/spikelet width and length of stigma and style, without negative impacts on other agronomic traits. Cellular examination and transcriptomic analyses revealed a role of these genes in coordinated regulation of transverse and longitudinal cell division in the pistils. Moreover, we demonstrate that targeted manipulation of these grain shape genes could significantly improve the outcrossing rate in both the ZH11 (a japonica variety) and Zhu6S (an indica male sterile line) backgrounds. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of rice SER regulation and develop an effective strategy to improve SER and out‐crossing rate in rice, thus facilitating hybrid rice production.
In situ trace element and sulfur isotope of pyrite constraints the mineralization process of haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Yang Biao , Li Yi‐ke , Rong Tao , Yang Xuan , Jiang Gao‐zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith more than 11,000 t of gold resources, the Central Asian orogenic belt is the most significant gold deposit belt in the world. The majority of the orogenic belt's gold resources are found in a layer of carbon‐rich black shale. However, there is disagreement regarding the origin and metallogenic process of such a significant quantity of gold. The Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit is located where the northern margin of the North China Craton and the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt converge. It is the most significant black shale gold deposit in the northern margin of North China Craton gold province. The pyrite that typically develops in the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit has been categorized into five varieties through comprehensive field investigation and mineralogical research, which correspond to five metallogenic stages: Stage 1, sedimentary diagenesis; Stage 2, tectonic deformation; Stage 3, hydrothermal; Stage 4, hydrothermal transformation; Stage 5, late metallogenic. For pyrite in the previous four metallogenic stages, in situ LA‐ICP‐MS trace element analysis and pyrite sulfide isotope analyses were performed. The results suggest that: The average Au contents in the pyrite of sedimentary diagenesis stage is 0.098 ppm; the average Au contents in the pyrite of the tectonic deformation stage and hydrothermal stage, is below the detection limit mostly; the average Au contents in the pyrite of hydrothermal transformation stage is 0.12 ppm. The results indicate that only 22.4% more gold is present in hydrothermal transformation stage than in sedimentary diagenetic stage overall. It may be inferred that the gold enrichment of Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit mostly took place during the sedimentary diagenetic stage; subsequent brittle‐ductile shear and hydrothermal fluid activity did not result in a further enrichment of gold. The sulfur isotope test results of various metallogenic stages in the deposit can be analyzed, and they are generally consistent. The δ34S values range from +10.15% to +16.47%, with an average value of +13.02%. It suggests that there might be a single source of sulfur. According to extensive analysis, the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit formed a relatively low‐grade ore body during the sedimentary diagenesis stage, and the subsequent tectonic deformation stage and hydrothermal stage provided physical conditions for further activation of gold metal but did not bring corresponding material sources for mineralization.
Is Facebook’s Advertising Data Accurate Enough for Use in Social Science Research? Insights from a Cross-National Online Survey
Authors: Grow André , Perrotta Daniela , Del Fava Emanuele , Cimentada Jorge , Rampazzo Francesco , Gil-Clavel Sofia , Zagheni Emilio , Flores René D. , Ventura Ilana , Weber Ingmar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Social scientists increasingly use Facebook’s advertising platform for research, either in the form of conducting digital censuses of the general population, or for recruiting participants for survey research. Both approaches depend on the accuracy of the data that Facebook provides about its users, but little is known about how accurate these data are. We address this gap in a large-scale, cross-national online survey (N = 137,224), in which we compare self-reported and Facebook-classified demographic information (sex, age and region of residence). Our results suggest that Facebook’s advertising platform can be fruitfully used for conducing social science research if additional steps are taken to assess the accuracy of the characteristics under consideration.
Association of vastus lateralis diffusion properties with in vivo quadriceps contractile function in premenopausal women
Authors: Carpenter Rebekah S. , Samaan Michael A. , Clasey Jody L. , Butterfield Tim A. , Gao Fan , Hardy Peter A. , Bollinger Lance M. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters correlate with muscle fiber composition, but it is unclear how these relate to in vivo contractile function.PurposeTo determine the relationship between DTI parameters of the vastus lateralis (VL) and in vivo knee extensor contractile.MethodsThirteen healthy, premenopausal women underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the mid‐thigh to determine patellar tendon moment arm length and quadriceps cross‐sectional area. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of the VL were determined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Participants underwent an interpolated twitch (ITT) experiment before and after a fatiguing concentric‐eccentric isokinetic knee extension (60°·s−1). During the ITT, supramaximal electrical stimuli were delivered to elicit twitch responses from the knee extensors before, during, and after a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Knee extensor‐specific tension during twitch and MVIC were calculated from isometric torque data. Pearson's correlations were used to determine the relationship between muscle contractile properties and DTI parameters.ResultsMD and RD were moderately correlated with peak twitch force and rate of force development. FA and AD were moderately inversely related to percent change in MVIC following exercise.ConclusionMD and RD are associated with in vivo quadriceps twitch properties but not voluntary strength, which may reflect the mechanical properties of constituent fiber types. FA and AD appear to relate to MVIC strength following fatiguing exercise.
Effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution on allogeneic blood transfusion & coagulation in orthognathic surgery: A randomized study
Authors: Li Jiayun , Xia Yangyang , Jin Shanliang , Dong Hui , Zhao PengCheng , Jiang Hong , Hu Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is one of the important techniques predominantly used in cardiac, hepatic, and vascular surgery for decreasing allogeneic blood transfusion. However, the effect of ANH in orthognathic surgery has been rarely studied. Therefore, this study aims to assess the ANH‐mediated reduction in the allogeneic red blood cell transfusion for orthognathic surgery patients.Study design and methodsIn this single‐center study, 18–80 years old patients were recruited. Patients with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL and normal coagulation function were randomly divided into ANH or standard treatment group.ResultsNinety six patients underwent ANH, and 101 patients received standard treatment. No differences in demographic or major pre‐operative characteristics were observed between the two groups. One patient in the ANH and three patients in the standard treatment group received allogeneic blood [3(2.97%) vs. 1(1.16%), control vs. ANH, p = .395]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ANH treatment was not associated with transfusion of allogeneic blood (p = .763). After retransfusing autologous blood, PT and APTT in the ANH group significantly increased compared to standard treatment group (PT: −1.73 ± 1.09 vs. −2.15 ± 1.06, p = .035; APTT: −6.39 ± 5.76 vs. −8.16 ± 5.70, p = .031; control vs. ANH). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for changes in coagulation parameters at first postoperative day. However, platelet counts in the ANH group decreased compared to the standard group. No significant difference in major adverse outcomes was observed between the two groups.ConclusionANH did not reduce the incidence of allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
SEEKING COMMON GROUND BETWEEN THEOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE FOR JUST TRANSITIONS
Authors: Sexton Jason S. , Pincetl Stephanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe new field of sustainability science that has arisen over the past three decades, largely oriented toward cities, under closer examination may prove to be wholly inadequate to deal with the issues it was initially designed to address. Built largely upon modernist value assumptions, its entire range of outlooks has failed to account for the character virtues needed to realize sustainable approaches for the future, which are better found working within different religious traditions’ theologies and ethical outlooks. In light of this, the present article takes up a replicable agenda for analyzing how these particular character virtues—with special focus on parsimony and futuremindedness—work with regard to visions of sustainability that promise to bring about a more just transition in cities.
Thick filament activation is different in fast‐ and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle
Authors: Gong Henry M. , Ma Weikang , Regnier Michael , Irving Thomas C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe contractile properties of fast‐twitch and slow‐twitch skeletal muscles are primarily determined by the myosin isoform content and modulated by a variety of sarcomere proteins. X‐ray diffraction studies of regulatory mechanisms in muscle contraction have focused predominately on fast‐ or mixed‐fibre muscle with slow muscle being much less studied. Here, we used time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the myofilament proteins in relatively pure slow‐twitch‐fibre rat soleus (SOL) and pure fast‐twitch‐fibre rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle during twitch and tetanic contractions at optimal length. During twitch contractions the diffraction signatures indicating a transition in the myosin heads from ordered OFF states, where heads are held close to the thick filament backbone, to disordered ON states, where heads are free to bind to thin filaments, were found in EDL and not in SOL muscle. During tetanic contraction, changes in the disposition of myosin heads as active tension develops is a quasi‐stepwise process in EDL muscle whereas in SOL muscle this relationship appears to be linear. The observed reduced extensibility of the thick filaments in SOL muscle as compared to EDL muscles indicates a molecular basis for this behaviour. These data indicate that for the EDL, thick filament activation is a cooperative strain‐induced mechano‐sensing mechanism, whereas for the SOL, thick filament activation has a more graded response. These different approaches to thick filament regulation in fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles may be adaptations for short‐duration, strong contractions versus sustained, finely controlled contractions, respectively.
imageKey points
Fast‐twitch muscle and slow‐twitch muscle are optimized for strong, short‐duration contractions and for tonic postural activity, respectively.
Structural events (OFF to ON transitions) in the myosin‐containing thick filaments in fast muscle help determine the timing and strength of contractions, but these have not been studied in slow‐twitch muscle.
The X‐ray diffraction signatures of structural OFF to ON transitions are different in fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus (SOL) muscle, being completely absent during twitches in soleus muscle and blunted during tetanic contractions SOL as compared to EDL
Quasi‐stepwise thick filament structural OFF to ON transitions in fast twitch muscle may be an adaptation for rapid, ballistic movements, whereas more graded OFF to ON structural transitions in slow‐twitch muscle may be an adaptation for slower, finer motions.
Changes in Amplitude of Hamstring Electromyographic Activity and Its Peak Location During Nordic Hamstring Exercise by Adding External Load
Authors: Soga Toshiaki , Saito Hiromi , Akiyama Kei , Hirose Norikazu 
Published: November 2022

This crossover trial aimed to investigate whether additional loading of unilateral Nordic hamstring exercise on a sloped platform would increase the biceps femoris long head electromyographic activity. Participants were randomly allocated to unilateral Nordic hamstring exercise under three conditions: bodyweight only (BW) or BW with an added weighted ball of 3 kg (BW + 3 kg) or 6 kg (BW + 6 kg), respectively. The biceps femoris long head electromyographic activity was significantly higher for BW + 6 kg (p < .001) than for BW and BW + 3 kg (p < .01). Therefore, adding a load to unilateral Nordic hamstring exercise on a sloped platform might be effective for rehabilitation and prevention of hamstring strain injury recurrence.
Iron Status and Homeostasis Across 2 Competitive Seasons in NCAA Division I Collegiate Cross-Country Runners Residing at Low Altitude
Authors: Goodrich Jesse A. , Frisco Dillon J. , Kim Sewan , VanBaak Karin , Holliday Marissa , Rueda Miguel , Poddar Sourav , Byrnes William C. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 can upregulate hepcidin and decrease iron absorption. Endurance exercise is associated with transient increases in cytokines, which may alter the risk of iron deficiency (ID). This study examined whether chronic elevations in basal levels of cytokines and hepcidin were associated with ID in highly trained runners. Methods: Fifty-four collegiate runners (26 males and 28 females) living at ∼1625 m were recruited from an NCAA Division I cross-country team for this prospective cohort study. Over 2 seasons, fasted, preexercise blood draws were performed in the morning 4 times per season and were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, and 10 cytokines. Stages of ID were defined using ferritin, sTfR, and hemoglobin concentration. During the study, a registered dietician provided all runners with iron supplements using athletic department–created guidelines. Results: Fifty-seven percent of females and 35% of males exhibited stage 2 ID (ferritin <20 ng/mL or sTfR >29.5 nmol/L) at least once. Cytokines, ferritin, and sTfR exhibited changes through the 2 years, but changes in cytokines were not associated with alterations in hepcidin, ferritin, or sTfR. In males and females, lower ferritin was associated with lower hepcidin (both P < .0001). One female exhibited higher hepcidin and lower iron stores compared with other individuals, suggesting a different etiology of ID. Conclusion: ID is common in highly trained collegiate runners. In general, the high prevalence of ID in this population is not associated with alterations in basal hepcidin or cytokine levels.