bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ThePastof Parliamentary and Legislative Studies
Authors: Martin Shane , Taylor-Robinson Michelle M , Crewe Emma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, Shane Martin, Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson and Emma Crewe discuss the past of parliamentary and legislative studies. The exchange is based on a Roundtable on the past, present and future of parliamentary studies, which was held online on 9 June 2021 as part of the Annual Conference of the UK Political Studies Association’s Parliaments Specialist Group.
Servile Migration and Gender in Late Medieval England: The Evidence of Manorial Court Rolls
Authors: Bailey Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Migration in medieval England was substantial, essential and mainly over short distances. Beyond this confident generalization, we know little about either the direction, life-histories or gendered patterns of rural migrants, and have no quantitative data. Yet, despite this, assumptions about peasant migration comprise central elements in two major debates about differential trajectories of social change in late-medieval Europe. The decline of serfdom and the emergence of the European Marriage Pattern in parts of northwest Europe — and by extension its superior economic performance to other regions of the Continent in the age of the Black Death — are attributed mainly to the preference of serfs and rural women to migrate disproportionately to towns.
This article uses the most abundant and unambiguous source of peasant migration — the record of flown serfs in English manorial court rolls — to provide the first quantitative dataset for the proportion of serfs and women moving to towns. It also reassesses the importance of circular migration through qualitative life-histories. Hitherto, no comparable rural material from medieval Europe has been published. It argues that historians have under-utilized this material because of ill-founded doubts about its reliability and quality, while remaining cautious about its typicality. It deploys information gleaned from thousands of court rolls for twenty-six manors across Midland and eastern England to reveal that 33 per cent of serfs headed for towns, and explores subtle differences in regional and gendered patterns of migration. The implications of the findings for the wider debates are discussed.
On Number-Set Identity: A Study
Authors: Ebels-Duggan Sean C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Benacerraf’s 1965 multiple-reductions argument depends on what I call ‘deferential logicism’: his necessary condition for number-set identity is most plausible against a background Quineanism that allows autonomy of the natural number concept. (This explains his neglect of ‘theoretical-virtue’ arguments.) Steinhart’s ‘folkist’ sufficient condition on number-set identity, by contrast, puts that autonomy at the center — but fails for not taking the folk perspective seriously enough. Learning from both sides, we explore new conditions on number-set identity, elaborating a 1983 suggestion from Wright.
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 integrates gibberellin and auxin signaling via interactions between DELLA and AUX/IAA proteins to regulate cambial activity in poplar
Authors: Hu Jian , Su Huili , Cao Hui , Wei Hongbin , Fu Xiaokang , Jiang Xuemei , Song Qin , He Xinhua , Xu Changzheng , Luo Keming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cambial development in the stems of perennial woody species is rigorously regulated by phytohormones. Auxin and gibberellin (GA) play crucial roles in stimulating cambial activity in poplar (Populus spp.). In this study, we show that the DELLA protein REPRESSOR of ga1-3 Like 1 (RGL1), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7), and Aux/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 9 (IAA9) form a ternary complex that mediates crosstalk between the auxin and GA signaling pathways in poplar stems during cambial development. Biochemical analysis revealed that ARF7 physically interacts with RGL1 and IAA9 through distinct domains. The arf7 loss-of-function mutant showed markedly attenuated responses to auxin and GA, whereas transgenic poplar plants overexpressing ARF7 displayed strongly improved cambial activity. ARF7 directly binds to the promoter region of the cambial stem cell regulator WOX4 to modulate its expression, thus integrating auxin and GA signaling to regulate cambial activity. Furthermore, the direct activation of PIN-FORMED 1 expression by ARF7 in the RGL1–ARF7–IAA9 module increased GA-dependent cambial activity via polar auxin transport. Collectively, these findings reveal that the crosstalk between auxin and GA signaling mediated by the RGL1–ARF7–IAA9 module is crucial for the precise regulation of cambial development in poplar.
Effects of Neural Mobilization on Pain Intensity, Disability, and Mechanosensitivity: An Umbrella Review With Meta–Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , La Touche Roy , Varangot-Reille Clovis , Sardinoux Maëva , Bahier Jade , Suso-Martí Luis , Fernández-Carnero Josué 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the current evidence for the effects of neural mobilization (NM) treatments.

Methods
Three umbrella reviews with meta–meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effects of NM on pain intensity and disability in people with musculoskeletal disorders and on mechanosensitivity in participants who were asymptomatic. The study used the grading criteria proposed by the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee to assess the quality of evidence.

Results
One meta–meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate effect on pain intensity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.75, 95% CI = −1.12 to −0.38) but with evidence of heterogeneity (Q = 14.13; I2 = 65%). The study found a significantly large effect of NM on disability (SMD = −1.22, 95% CI = −2.19 to −0.26), again with evidence of heterogeneity (Q = 31.57; I2 = 87%). The third meta–meta-analysis showed a statistically significant moderate effect of NM on mechanosensitivity (SMD = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.57), with no evidence of heterogeneity (Q = 2.73; I2 = 63%). For all examined outcomes, the quality of evidence was limited.

Conclusion
Overall, the results indicated that although NM treatment had a moderate to large beneficial clinical effect on pain intensity and disability in people with musculoskeletal disorders and on mechanosensitivity in individuals who were asymptomatic, the quality of evidence was limited.

Impact
Neural mobilization treatments showed positive results on the pain intensity and disability in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. Neural mobilization could be integrated into the physical therapy management, although more research is needed.
Trends in carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in high frequency hurricane states from 2014–19: the need for prevention intervention strategies
Authors: Alfaro Sophie , Sen-Crowe Brendon , Autrey Cody , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Hurricanes often result in power outages, which increase generator usage and carbon monoxide (CO) deaths. We aim to identify states with the highest frequency of hurricanes and evaluate the number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths by region, age, race and metropolitan distribution.

Methods
The number of hurricanes was determined using the FEMA database, and the number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was determined using the CDC WONDER database from 2014–19. Hurricane-associated consumer outages were obtained from the Department of Energy.

Results
The number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was as follows: Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Adults displayed a significantly higher number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths than pediatrics (P &lt; 0.001). The total number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was highest in the White population (P &lt; 0.001); however, unintentional CO poisoning death rates were nearly two times higher among Black population in adults (0.5 versus 0.3) and pediatrics (0.2 versus 0.1). Medium metropolitan areas exhibited significantly more unintentional CO poisoning deaths (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Hurricanes and unintentional CO poisoning deaths were most common in Florida. Death rates were higher among Black individuals. Medium metropolitan areas displayed significantly more unintentional CO poisoning deaths than all other areas.
PHANTOM STUDY OF THE ENTRANCE SURFACE DOSE OF A NEW CT SCOUT ACQUISITION THAT ALSO SERVES AS A TUBE WARM-UP
Authors: Ota Joji , Yokota Hajime , Higashida Reona , Komiya Ryota , Kawakami Yuya , Chida Koichi , Masuda Yoshitada , Uno Takashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We determined the effect of a new scout image acquisition technique (‘smart scout’), which also serves as a tube warm-up, on radiation dose and automatic exposure control (AEC) mA settings. The entrance surface dose (ESD) of a chest phantom with and without the smart scout was measured. A conical AEC phantom was scanned in the setting for abdominal CT, and AEC curves were generated. ESD when the smart scout was not used was 0.75 mGy at 120 kV, 50 mA. ESD when using the smart scout was 0.24 mGy for a body habitus setting of ‘Less’, 0.54 mGy for ‘Moderate’ and 0.95 mGy for ‘More’. When the diameter of the subject was ≥32 cm, the mA setting became lower in ‘Less’. The smart scout reduced exposure at the ‘Less’ and Moderate’ settings compared to the conventional scout scan.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ROUTINE PERSONAL DOSIMETRY READING AND THE DOSE TO THE BRAIN OF INTERVENTIONAL STAFF
Authors: Smeulders Jelle , da Silva Edilaine Honorio , Struelens Lara , Vanhavere Filip , De Mey Johan , Martin Colin J , Buls Nico 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the brain absorbed dose and personal dosimetry readings in interventional cardiologists. Interventional procedures were replicated using Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP 6) with anthropomorphic phantoms representing both operator and patient. Absorbed doses were evaluated for 10 predefined regions of the operator’s brain as well as for dosemeters at chest and neck level. One beam quality (HVL = 6.2 mm Al) and nine beam projections were considered. A significant bias in the laterality of brain dose was found with doses at the left side of the brain being up to 2.8 times higher compared with the right. The correlation between brain dose and dosemeter reading was found to be dependent on beam projection. Yet, a generalized conversion factor (brain dose normalized by Hp(10)), averaged over all considered beam projections, could be proposed for (retrospective) brain dose estimation from routinely measured dosimetry data.
ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE IN THE MAIN PAEDIATRIC INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY PROCEDURES
Authors: Morcillo Ana B , Huerga Carlos , Bayón José , López Antonio , Corredoira Eva , Hernández Teresa , Novo Joan R , Ponce María D , Fernández Lucía , Rodríguez Ricardo , Garzón Gonzalo , Vañó Eliseo , Guibelalde Eduardo , Alejo Luis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) in the most frequent (non-cardiac) paediatric interventional radiology (PIR) procedures: central venous catheters (CVC), hepatic/biliary and sclerotherapy interventions. i2 active solid-state dosemeters placed over the lead apron were used to monitor the exposure of three interventional radiologists over 18 months. A database was created to register all procedures performed by each radiologist (including the type of procedure and the kerma-area product, PKA). The mean Hp(10) per procedure for CVC, sclerotherapy and hepatic/biliary interventions was respectively 0.01 ± 0.01 mSv, 0.18 ± 0.13 mSv and 0.12 ± 0.06 mSv (k = 2). A similar value of Hp(10)/PKA was found despite the type of procedure or the patient weight (~10 μSv/Gy·cm2). There was high variability among individual interventions, probably due to the variable level of complexity, which led to uncertainties in the measurements’ mean higher than those associated with the dosemeter’s angular and energy dependence. i2 therefore proved suitable for monitoring Hp(10) in PIR procedures.
“Syria is Our Mom, UK is Like Aunty”: The Psychosocial Experiences of Acculturation in Syrian Refugees
Authors: Asmal-Lee Mujahid , Liebling Helen , Goodman Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In response to the Syrian Civil War, the British Government pledged to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020. However, refugee integration can be traumatic. Existing literature has gaps encompassing the ‘lived experiences’ of Syrian refugees specifically. This study used semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore six Syrian refugees’ acculturation in the UK. Three superordinate themes were developed: Living with Loss, Experiencing a New Life, and The Dissonance of Integration: Belonging and Not Belonging. Syrian refugees’ losses impacted their integration. Arrival was experienced as an overwhelming re-birth for some, yet despite their new life, refugees’ integration could not escape past traumas. Syrian refugees’ integration encompassed degrees of belonging, racism, and Islamophobia. Experiences were affected by nurture, support, and connection with state structures, the host society and other refugees. Services and professionals would benefit from understanding refugees’ needs through cultural curiosity, sensitivity, and trust, to avoid exacerbating trauma. Policy recommendations include supporting refugees into meaningful employment and legal support for family reunification. Refugee voices and expertise should be considered in all aspects of integration. Findings have implications for models of integration particularly regarding the role of identity, employment, and how refugees’ experiences relate to what models view as ‘integration’.
The impacts of Centers for AIDS Research program and its enlargement on HIV/AIDS research collaboration
Authors: Xie Ruiyao , He Chaocheng , Qiao Shan , Li Xiaoming , Wu Jiang , Tang Weiming , Cui Wentian , Zhang Qingpeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) is a large-scale and important program designed to enhance and coordinate high-quality human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) research. This paper explores the long-term (1985–2019) causal impacts of the CFAR program and its enlargement (three enlargement waves when new centers were recruited) on HIV/AIDS research collaboration. The dataset consists of HIV/AIDS-related research article publications collected from the Web of Science. First, the study applies the propensity score matching method combined with difference-in-difference (DiD) models to test the overall causal impact of the CFAR program on HIV/AIDS research collaboration. Then, by categorizing institutions into different groups based on recruitment stages and defining ten intra-/inter-group collaborations, the study constructs time-varying DiD models to explore the causal impacts of three enlargement waves of CFAR for the ten collaborations. The results show that CFAR and its enlargements have positive impacts on HIV/AIDS research collaboration, although the enlargements’ impacts are heterogeneous and specifically vary over time and across collaborations.
Supporting health researchers to realize meaningful patient involvement in research: Exploring researchers’ experiences and needs
Authors: Harmsen Simone , Pittens Carina A C M , Vroonland Eva , van Rensen Annemiek J M L , Broerse Jacqueline E W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Involving patients in health research requires a new way of working for all stakeholders involved, including researchers. This research aimed (1) to gain deeper insight into the experiences and needs of researchers regarding meaningful patient involvement and (2) to incorporate these insights into an online tool. This was done in a transdisciplinary research process, including three focus group discussions and three test sessions. We used the Social Cognitive Theory in the analysis process to reflect on how the tool addresses the complex personal, behavioural, and environmental factors that shape researchers’ experiences and needs. Identified factors were categorized into three themes: added value, perceived difficulty and patient-researcher role patterns. A tool was developed that addresses these factors, aiming to stimulate meaningful involvement by encouraging (self)reflection, experimentation, and learning-by-doing. It provides one element in a bigger systems approach to further stimulate patient involvement.
Vulnerability and Pathways to Precarity: How COVID-19 Has Affected Japan’s Nepali Immigrants
Authors: KHAREL Dipesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article explores the impact of COVID-19 on Nepali immigrants working as cooks in Nepali-owned Indian curry restaurants, one of the largest ethnic entrepreneurships in Japan. The COVID pandemic disproportionally affected the socio-economic situation of the restaurants’ owners and their cooks based on structural (dis)advantages. Many Nepali cooks have lost their jobs, and those who have stayed employed have seen their salaries reduced by 30–50%. As a result, cooks, who were already a vulnerable group, have been pushed into a more precarious situation, struggling to merely survive. However, surprisingly, more than 90% of Nepali restaurant owners have maintained their business operations and are still better positioned to weather this crisis than the cooks in their restaurants. This raises an important question: why are Nepali restaurant owners able to cope with the economic fall-out of the pandemic when Nepali restaurant cooks fell into destitution due to the coronavirus pandemic? Based on in-depth research in Japan and Nepal conducted from March 2020 to June 2021, and supplemented by my long-term research before the pandemic, this article will examine Nepali cooks’ social, economic, and structural vulnerabilities by emphasizing their responses to the pandemic and its outcome. Through the voices of the cooks, their families, and Nepali restaurants owners, I demonstrate how the vulnerability and the unequal effects of the pandemic, compounded by preexisting social inequality, exploitation, and socio-economic hierarchies are reverberating throughout the Nepali restaurant industry. Furthermore, by analyzing the relationship between the cooks and the owners, I argue that social networks at meso level not only increase migrants’ ‘resilience’, as suggested by vulnerabilities scholars but conversely involve a measure of exploitation and produce vulnerabilities.
Optogenetic Reporters Delivered as mRNA Facilitate Repeatable Action Potential and Calcium Handling Assessment in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yiangou Loukia , Blanch-Asensio Albert , de Korte Tessa , Miller Duncan C , van Meer Berend J , Mol Mervyn P H , van den Brink Lettine , Brandão Karina O , Mummery Christine L , Davis Richard P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electrical activity and intracellular Ca2+ transients are key features of cardiomyocytes. They can be measured using organic voltage- and Ca2+-sensitive dyes but their photostability and phototoxicity mean they are unsuitable for long-term measurements. Here, we investigated whether genetically encoded voltage and Ca2+ indicators (GEVIs and GECIs) delivered as modified mRNA (modRNA) into human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) would be accurate alternatives allowing measurements over long periods. These indicators were detected in hiPSC-CMs for up to 7 days after transfection and did not affect responses to proarrhythmic compounds. Furthermore, using the GEVI ASAP2f we observed action potential prolongation in long QT syndrome models, while the GECI jRCaMP1b facilitated the repeated evaluation of Ca2+ handling responses for various tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This study demonstrated that modRNAs encoding optogenetic constructs report cardiac physiology in hiPSC-CMs without toxicity or the need for stable integration, illustrating their value as alternatives to organic dyes or other gene delivery methods for expressing transgenes.
A Linear Time Solution to the Labeled Robinson–Foulds Distance Problem
Authors: Briand Samuel , Dessimoz Christophe , El-Mabrouk Nadia , Nevers Yannis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A large variety of pairwise measures of similarity or dissimilarity have been developed for comparing phylogenetic trees, for example, species trees or gene trees. Due to its intuitive definition in terms of tree clades and bipartitions and its computational efficiency, the Robinson–Foulds (RF) distance is the most widely used for trees with unweighted edges and labels restricted to leaves (representing the genetic elements being compared). However, in the case of gene trees, an important information revealing the nature of the homologous relation between gene pairs (orthologs, paralogs, and xenologs) is the type of event associated to each internal node of the tree, typically speciations or duplications, but other types of events may also be considered, such as horizontal gene transfers. This labeling of internal nodes is usually inferred from a gene tree/species tree reconciliation method. Here, we address the problem of comparing such event-labeled trees. The problem differs from the classical problem of comparing uniformly labeled trees (all labels belonging to the same alphabet) that may be done using the Tree Edit Distance (TED) mainly due to the fact that, in our case, two different alphabets are considered for the leaves and internal nodes of the tree, and leaves are not affected by edit operations. We propose an extension of the RF distance to event-labeled trees, based on edit operations comparable to those considered for TED: node insertion, node deletion, and label substitution. We show that this new Labeled Robinson–Foulds (LRF) distance can be computed in linear time, in addition of maintaining other desirable properties: being a metric, reducing to RF for trees with no labels on internal nodes and maintaining an intuitive interpretation. The algorithm for computing the LRF distance enables novel analyses on event-label trees such as reconciled gene trees. Here, we use it to study the impact of taxon sampling on labeled gene tree inference and conclude that denser taxon sampling yields trees with better topology but worse labeling. [Algorithms; combinatorics; gene trees; phylogenetics; Robinson–Foulds; tree distance.]
The new regulation of professional trustees in Switzerland
Authors: Grisel Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Swiss federal legislator adopted a new federal act on financial institutions (FinIA).1 This legislation came into force on 1 January 2020. It subjects professional trustees and wealth managers to a new licensing and supervisory regime. This law affects not only Swiss institutions, but also foreign institutions operating in Switzerland, whether through a subsidiary, a branch or a representative office. We are approaching the end of the three-year transitional period (from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022) during which the institutions concerned must comply with the new legal requirements. This article analyses the scope of the new authorisation and supervision regime, the obligations of professional trustees under the new regulation, the new system of supervision of trustees, the specific rules applying to Swiss branches or representative offices of foreign trustees, the sanctions in case of infringement of obligations and the transitional provisions. This article is mainly addressed to trustees, but the new regulation also applies to professional wealth managers.