bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cheeger Constants of Random Belyi Surfaces
Authors: Shen Yang , Wu Yunhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Brooks and Makover developed a combinatorial model of random hyperbolic surfaces by gluing certain hyperbolic ideal triangles. In this paper, we show that for any $\epsilon&gt;0$, as the number of ideal triangles goes to infinity, a generic hyperbolic surface in Brooks–Makover’s model has Cheeger constant less than $\frac {3}{2\pi }+\epsilon $.
Multiomics characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) in Latin America
Authors: Castro Betsy E , Rios Rafael , Carvajal Lina P , Vargas Mónica L , Cala Mónica P , León Lizeth , Hanson Blake , Dinh An Q , Ortega-Recalde Oscar , Seas Carlos , Munita Jose M , Arias Cesar A , Rincon Sandra , Reyes Jinnethe , Diaz Lorena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) compromise the clinical efficacy of vancomycin. The hVISA isolates spontaneously produce vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) cells generated by diverse and intriguing mechanisms.

Objective
To characterize the biomolecular profile of clinical hVISA applying genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.

Methods
39 hVISA and 305 VSSA and their genomes were included. Core genome-based Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions were built and alterations in predicted proteins in VISA/hVISA were interrogated. Linear discriminant analysis and a Genome-Wide Association Study were performed. Differentially expressed genes were identified in hVISA-VSSA by RNA-sequencing. The undirected profiles of metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction in six CC5-MRSA.

Results
Genomic relatedness of MRSA associated to hVISA phenotype was not detected. The change Try38 → His in Atl (autolysin) was identified in 92% of the hVISA. We identified SNPs and k-mers associated to hVISA in 11 coding regions with predicted functions in virulence, transport systems, carbohydrate metabolism and tRNA synthesis. Further, capABCDE, sdrD, esaA, esaD, essA and ssaA genes were overexpressed in hVISA, while lacABCDEFG genes were downregulated. Additionally, valine, threonine, leucine tyrosine, FAD and NADH were more abundant in VSSA, while arginine, glycine and betaine were more abundant in hVISA. Finally, we observed altered metabolic pathways in hVISA, including purine and pyrimidine pathway, CoA biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis.

Conclusions
Our results show that the mechanism of hVISA involves major changes in regulatory systems, expression of virulence factors and reduction in glycolysis via TCA cycle. This work contributes to the understanding of the development of this complex resistance mechanism in regional strains.
Outcomes of modern antiretroviral therapy in obese individuals living with HIV
Authors: Zino L , Stalenhoef J , Colbers A , Burger D M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and people living with HIV (PLWH) are showing similar obesity trends to those in the general population. Obesity is manifested by several physiological features that can alter volume of distribution, elimination and metabolism of various medications including ART. Some drugs are increasingly prone to pharmacokinetic alteration during obesity depending on their physicochemical properties and clearance mechanism. These considerations raise concerns of hampered efficacy, development of resistance or increased toxicity of ART in PLWH. Here, we summarize available literature on the exposure and antiviral outcomes of currently available antiretroviral drugs in the context of obesity and provide a panel of recommendations for the clinical management and follow-up in this growing patient population.
The antiviral efficacies of small-molecule inhibitors against respiratory syncytial virus based on the F protein
Authors: Dai Pei , Ruan Pinglang , Mao Yu , Tang Zhongxiang , Bajinka Ousman , Wu Guojun , Tan Yurong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the three most common causes of death in the infants, pre-schoolers, immunocompromised patients and elderly individuals due to many complications and lack of specific treatment. During RSV infection, the fusion protein (F protein) mediates the fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell membrane. Therefore, the F protein is an effective target for viral inhibition.MethodsWe identified potential small-molecule inhibitors against RSV-F protein for the treatment of RSV infection using virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The CCK8 assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity and quantitative RT–PCR and indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) were used to determine the viral replication and RSV-induced inflammation in vitro. An RSV-infected mouse model was established, and viral replication was assayed using real-time quantitative PCR and IFA. Virus-induced complications were also examined using histopathological analysis, airway resistance and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.ResultsThe top three potential inhibitors against the RSV-F protein were screened from the FDA-approved drug database. Z65, Z85 and Z74 significantly inhibited viral replication and RSV-induced inflammation. They also significantly alleviated RSV infection and RSV-induced complications in vivo. Z65 and Z85 had no cytotoxicity and better anti-RSV effects than Z74.ConclusionsZ65 and Z85 may be suitable candidates for the treatment of RSV and serve as the basis for the development of new drugs.
Genomic analyses of gray fox lineages suggest ancient divergence and secondary contact in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Kierepka Elizabeth M , Preckler-Quisquater Sophie , Reding Dawn M , Piaggio Antoinette J , Riley Seth P D , Sacks Benjamin N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) lineage diverged from all other extant canids at their most basal node and is restricted to the Americas. Previous mitochondrial analysis from coastal populations identified deeply divergent (up to 1 Mya) eastern and western lineages that predate most intraspecific splits in carnivores. We conducted genotyping by sequencing and mitochondrial analysis on gray foxes sampled across North America to determine geographic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial contact zones and divergence times. We also estimated the admixture within the contact zone between eastern and western gray foxes based on nuclear DNA. Both datasets confirmed that eastern and western lineages met in the southern Great Plains (i.e. Texas and Oklahoma), where they maintained high differentiation. Admixture was generally low, with the majority of admixed individuals carrying &lt;10% ancestry from the other lineage. Divergence times confirmed a mid-Pleistocene split, similar to the mitochondrial estimates. Taken together, findings suggest gray fox lineages represent an ancient divergence event, far older than most intraspecific divergences in North American carnivores. Low admixture may reflect a relatively recent time since secondary contact (e.g. post-Pleistocene) or, alternatively, ecological or reproductive barriers between lineages. Though further research is needed to disentangle these factors, our genomic investigation suggests species-level divergence exists between eastern and western gray fox lineages.
Frequencies of Anti-Troponin I vs Anti-Troponin T Autoantibodies and Degrees of Interference on Troponin Assays
Authors: Nakano Keiichi , Sugawa Satoshi , Seimiya Masanori , Murakami Satoshi , Yasuda Keiko , Watanabe Chiaki , Goto Hideki , Teshima Takanori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Presence of autoantibodies against troponin I (cTnI) or T (cTnT) has been reported to interfere with troponin assays. However, the extent of the interference with the measurement has not been explored sufficiently. The aims of this study were to examine the frequencies of autoantibodies against troponin I and troponin T and how much these antibodies would affect the measurement.

Methods
The study comprised 52 subjects who visited Hokkaido University Hospital with suspected ischemic heart diseases. To evaluate the presence of autoantibodies, we calculated the recoveries of cTnI or cTnT after immunoglobulin G depletion, and the distributions of peaks reactive with cTnI or cTnT by high-performance liquid chromatography were examined.

Results
Autoantibodies against cTnI and cTnT were identified in 8 subjects (15.4%) and 1 subject (1.9%), respectively. Although the greatest difference between cTnI and cTnT was 32-fold, the distributions of cTnI-to-cTnT ratios in groups with and without anti-cTnI were not statistically different.

Conclusion
Autoantibodies against cTnI were more frequent by several fold than those against cTnT. Their presence did not significantly expand the discrepancy between cTnI and cTnT assays.
Surgically targeted radiation therapy (STaRT) trials for brain neoplasms: A comprehensive review
Authors: Odia Yazmin , Gutierrez Alonso N , Kotecha Rupesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The mainstays of radiation therapy include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and internally implanted radiation, or brachytherapy (BT), all with distinct benefits and risks in terms of local or distant tumor control and normal brain toxicities, respectively. GammaTile® Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy (STaRT) attempts to limit the drawbacks of other BT paradigms via a permanently implanted, bioresorbable, conformable, collagen tile containing four uniform intensity radiation sources, thus preventing deleterious direct contact with the brain and optimizing interseed spacing to homogenous radiation exposure. The safety and feasibility of GammaTile® STaRT therapy was established by multiple clinical trials encompassing the spectrum of primary and secondary brain neoplasms, both recurrent and newly-diagnosed. Implantable GT tiles were FDA approved in 2018 for use in recurrent intracranial neoplasms, expanded to newly-diagnosed malignant intracranial neoplasms by 2020. The current spectrum of trials focuses on better defining the relative efficacy and safety of non-GT standard-of-care radiation strategies for intracranial brain neoplasm. We summarize the key design and eligibility criteria for open and future trials of GT therapy, including registries and randomized trials for newly-diagnosed and recurrent brain metastases as well as recurrent and newly-diagnosed glioblastoma in combination with approved therapies.
Turning on the light for brain tumor surgery: A 5-aminolevulinic acid story
Authors: McCracken David J , Schupper Alexander J , Lakomkin Nikita , Malcolm James , Painton Bray David , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To aid surgeons in more complete and safe resection of brain tumors, adjuvant technologies have been developed to improve visualization of target tissue. Fluorescence-guided surgery relies on the use of fluorophores and specific light wavelengths to better delineate tumor tissue, inflammation, and areas of blood–brain barrier breakdown. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the first fluorophore developed specifically for brain tumors, accumulates within tumor cells, improving visualization of tumors both at the core, and infiltrative margin. Here, we describe the background of how 5-ALA integrated into the modern neurosurgery practice, clinical evidence for the current use of 5-ALA, and future directions for its role in neurosurgical oncology.
Maximal safe resection remains the standard of care for most brain tumors. Gross total resection of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is associated with greater overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison to subtotal resection or adjuvant treatment therapies alone.1–3 A major challenge neurosurgeons encounter when resecting infiltrative gliomas is identification of the glioma tumor margin to perform a radical resection while avoiding and preserving eloquent regions of the brain. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) remains the only optical-imaging agent approved by the FDA for use in glioma surgery and identification of tumor tissue.4 A multicenter randomized, controlled trial revealed that 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) almost doubled the extent of tumor resection and also improved 6-month PFS.5 In this review, we will highlight the current evidence for use of 5-ALA FGS in brain tumor surgery, as well as discuss the future directions for its use.
Formation of the Nephrite Deposit With Five Mineral Assemblage Zones in the Central Western Kunlun Mountains, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaochong , Shi Guanghai , Zhang Xuemei , Gao Kong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Saidikulam nephrite deposit, which is famous for its high-quality white nephrite no matter in history and nowadays, is located in the eastern part of the Western Kunlun Orogen, in the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Yutian County, Xinjiang, China. Field investigations and petrographic observations revealed the presence of five mineral assemblage zones from granodiorite to dolomitic marble in the Saidikulam nephrite deposit: slightly epidote-altered granodiorite → epidote-altered diopsidite → nephrite → calcite tremolitite → calcite-bearing dolomitic marble. However, little is known about the relationships among these five zones or the formation age of the deposit. The slightly epidote-altered granodiorite consists of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, biotite, and epidote, with accessory apatite, zircon, and allanite. They exhibit slightly negative Eu anomalies (0.69–0.72), with declined light rare earth element (LREE) and flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns. They are also strongly enriched in Rb, Zr, U, and Sm and depleted in Hf, Ti, P, and Nb. The epidote-altered diopsidite close to the granodiorite intrusions is a relatively high-temperature metasomatic rock composed of Fe-rich diopside and actinolite, while the calcite tremolitite adjacent to the dolomitic marble is a relatively low-temperature rock composed of prismatic tremolite and calcite. The main mineral component of the nephrite is tremolite, with minor epidote, chlorite, apatite, calcite, graphite, and allanite. The nephrites have low ∑REE contents (4.38–18.53 ppm), with declined LREE and flat HREE patterns. All of the analyzed nephrite exhibits pronounced negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.20–0.82), and they are strongly enriched in Rb, U, and Ti and relatively depleted in Ba and HFSEs. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from the granodiorite yielded a Concordia age of 453.8 ± 3.7 Ma, which is interpreted as the upper limit of the Saidikulam nephrite formation age. The zircons in the epidotized syenite in the deposit yielded a SHRIMP Concordia U–Pb age of 489.2 ± 4.2 Ma. These two ages indicate that the dolomitic marble experienced at least two thermal events. The approximate ages of the nephrite deposits along the giant Kunlun-Altyn Tagh belt indicate that the closure of the Proto-Tethys may have been the predominant driving force for the formation of the whole nephrite deposits. The multistage metasomatism and the Fe absorption of epidote-altered diopsidite had a positive impact on the formation of high-quality nephrite.
Epsilon-caprolactone-modified polyethylenimine as a genetic vehicle for stem cell-based bispecific antibody and exosome synergistic therapy
Authors: Tan Yan , Cai Jiali , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) have gained significant momentum in clinical application. However, the rapid enzymolysis and metabolism of protein drugs usually induce short circulation in vivo, and developing an efficient protein delivery system still is a bottleneck. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an attractive therapeutic carrier for cancers. Genetic modification enables MSCs to express and secrete specific proteins, which is essential for therapeutic efficacy. However, efficient gene transfer into MSCs is still a challenge. In this study, we applied epsilon-caprolactone-modified polyethylenimine (PEI-CL) as an efficacy carrier for plasmid transfection into MSC that served as in situ ‘cell factory’ for anti-CD3/CD20 BsAb preparation. Herein, the PEI-CL encapsulates the minicircle plasmid and mediates cell transfection efficiently. Thus, the anti-CD3/CD20 BsAb is secreted from MSC and recruited T cell, resulting in highly sensitive cytotoxicity in the human B-cell lymphoma. Furthermore, these stem cells produce exosomes bearing MiR-15a/MiR-16, which could negatively regulate cancer’s oncogenes BCL-2 for adjuvant therapy. Meanwhile, high immunologic factors like tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ are generated and enhance immunotherapy efficacy. The engineered MSCs are demonstrated as an efficient route for BsAb production, and these bioactive components contribute to synergistic therapy, which would be an innovative treatment.
Silicon Valley Goes Green: The Origin of California’s Climate Regime
Authors: Jaeger Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
California presents a puzzle for scholars of US climate politics. In the early 2000s, it passed the country’s strongest climate laws despite the presence of the very factors that ostensibly explain their failure at the federal level: a fragmented system of government with multiple veto points, an active interest group landscape, and a major fossil fuel industry. Moreover, this was achieved under a Republican governorship in a state defined by automobile dependence. Scholars in political science and economics explain California’s exceptional policy emergence by reference to unique “focusing events” in the state, the leadership of elected officials, and the support of a broad advocacy coalition in Sacramento. This article presents an alternative explanation grounded in Gramscian political sociology. It marshals new evidence to argue that the political mobilization of Silicon Valley was the crucial factor in the emergence of California’s climate regime. Silicon Valley’s economic power, extraordinary potential to serve as the engine of a high-tech “green” capitalism, and its lead position in a new business-environmental bloc allowed it to overcome the resistance of the fossil fuel industry and to present climate policy as a winning economic strategy. This suggests that a credible plan for spurring growth, supported by significant fractions of capital, is necessary for achieving comprehensive climate policy.
XVIAmerican Literature: The Twentieth Century
Authors: Gifford James , Foltz Mary , Kidder Orion Ussner , Peppard Anna , Rudder Adam , Parker Lindsay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter has eight sections: 1. Poetry; 2. Fiction 1900–1945; 3. Fiction since 1945; 4. Drama; 5. Comics; 6. African American Writing; 7. Native Writing; 8. Latino/a, Asian American, and General Ethnic Writing. Section 1 is by James Gifford; section 2 will resume next year; section 3 is by Mary Foltz; section 4 will resume next year; section 5(a) is by Orion Kidder; section 5(b) is by Anna Peppard; section 6 is by Adam Rudder; section 7 is by James Gifford and Lindsay Parker; section 8 will resume next year.
Changes in ambulatory blood pressure during the transition to retirement
Authors: Karelius Saana , Vahtera Jussi , Suorsa Kristin , Heinonen Olli J. , Pentti Jaana , Niiranen Teemu J. , Stenholm Sari 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Retirement is a major life event characterized by removal of work-related stressors and changes in health behaviours. The association between retirement and changes in blood pressure (BP), and particularly in ambulatory BP, has been scarcely studied. We aimed to examine changes in ambulatory BP during retirement transition.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty ageing workers (mean age 63.2 years, 84% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study participated in annual office BP measurements and 114 (mean age 63.1, 90% women) of them underwent annual ambulatory BP measurements before and after retirement. On average, the participants provided data on ambulatory BP at 2.7 (range 2–4) measurements. We used generalized linear models to examine BP changes at retirement.

Results:
Most marked changes in BP during the follow-up were observed for asleep SBP, which decreased before retirement, increased during retirement transition and plateaued after retirement (before retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.07 and after retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.02). Awake SBP and 24-h SBP declined with most apparent decrease before retirement (before retirement vs. retirement transition P = 0.07 and P = 0.07). Awake DBP and 24-h DBP showed relatively consistent decline throughout the follow-up with no differences between the time periods. SBP and DBP dipping reduced before and during retirement transition, but not after retirement. Among shift workers, asleep BP increased and BP dipping decreased more than in regular day workers.

Conclusion:
Retirement was found to associate with beneficial changes in awake BP but unfavourable changes in asleep BP, especially in shift workers.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurse practitioners' professional quality of life
Authors: Vastani Noushin , Malcom Amelia 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 global pandemic has put health care professionals under immense pressure and hindered their ability to provide quality services.

Purpose:
This study aimed to examine the professional quality of life (ProQOL) among Georgia nurse practitioners during the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Methodology:
The ProQOL survey was distributed to nurse practitioners in Georgia by the professional organization's listserv. Multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses were performed to assess differences between employment settings, geographic location, and other relevant demographic qualifiers and levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.

Results:
Hundred nurse practitioners (NPs) (n = 100) responded to the survey. Ninety-one percent were female and ages 25–35 years. Male NPs showed higher rates of compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress.

Conclusions:
A ProQOL survey demonstrated increased burnout and secondary traumatic stress among frontline practitioners in Georgia due to increased workloads, feelings of inadequacy, fear of being infected by the virus, and prolonged exposure to deaths.

Implications:
Ensuring effective communication, team collaboration, emotional, adequate staffing, and psychological support can help reduce compassion fatigue among NPs.