bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, lifestyle behaviours and psychological effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown: A survey of patients attending a tertiary weight loss clinic
Authors: Franklin Janet , Sim Kyra A. , Swinbourne Jessica M. , Maston Gabrielle , Manson Elisia , Nelthorpe Hannah , Markovic Tania , Hocking Samantha 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLockdown measures due to coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19) have impacted lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore whether health and lifestyle behaviours changed during the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown among patients with obesity. A specifically designed online survey and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21) were administered to patients scheduled to attend a tertiary weight management service between 6 June–12 August 2020. A total of 210 participants completed the survey; mean age (SD) was 52.1 (12.5) years, 69% female and 67% Caucasian. Only 1.4% had tested positive to COVID‐19. There was a statistically significant increase in weight pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 lockdown, with no sex differences. Most (61.3%) gained weight, 30.4% lost weight and 8.3% maintained. The majority changed their overall purchasing (88.4%) and eating behaviours (91.6%). Two‐thirds (64%) reported they did some form of exercise during the lockdown. Of those, exercise declined in 56.8% and increased in 18%. DASS‐21 scores were positively correlated to worry about COVID‐19, eating fewer core foods and eating more convenient/treat foods and negatively correlated with exercise. The results provide insights into how and why behaviour change occurs during stressful periods like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although there was variability in individual weight trajectories, on average people with obesity gained weight and changed lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Strategies and support for people with obesity are required at these times.
Bleaching powders, bleaching creams and other hair lightening preparations as sources for (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis and other health effects in hairdressers: Results of an empirical study
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Koopmann Kirsten , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen M. , Uter Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious products are available for lightening hair. There are no data on which applications are actually used in hairdressing, impeding proper estimation of actual exposure and necessary preventive measures.ObjectivesTo assess information about availability, usage and formulation of lightening preparations in the German hairdressing trade.MethodsA market survey was conducted and hairdressers were surveyed by online questionnaires.ResultsOf 783 hairdressers clicking the link, 565 hairdressers (91.2% female, mean age of 40.2 ± 11.7 years) from all German states responded (response rate: 72.2%). The questionnaire survey has shown that available hair‐lightening preparations in the German hairdressing trade are (multiple selection possible): dust‐free (88.5%) and non‐dust‐free bleaching powders (22.1%), bleaching creams (41.9%), high‐lifting hair colour creams (88.8%) and normal hair colour creams (58.4%). Five hundred eighteen (91.7%) hairdressers favour lightening hair with powder. The market survey revealed that bleaching powders and creams contain potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium persulfate or combinations of these persulfate salts.ConclusionsHairdressers are exposed to various hair‐lightening applications containing different chemicals. Preventive measures need to address adverse skin and respiratory effects. Implementation of targeted health education already in early career stages (i.e., apprenticeship) seems advisable and can be maintained by refresher trainings.
Long COVID? Prospects for economic scarring from the pandemic
Authors: Barrett Philip , Das Sonali , Magistretti Giacomo , Pugacheva Evgenia , Wingender Philippe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the potential persistent effects (scarring) of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the economy and the channels through which they may occur. Our findings from a broad set of historical recessions confirm that recessions are associated with persistent output losses and that the greatest scarring has occurred following financial crises. The amount of scarring following pandemic and epidemic recessions in the sample is in between that of typical recessions and financial crises. Results on the channels show that the productivity channel is important, as all types of recessions have been followed by persistent losses to total factor productivity.
EDP‐297: A novel, farnesoid X receptor agonist—Results of a phase I study in healthy subjects
Authors: Marotta Christine , Ahmad Alaa , Luo Ed , Oosterhaven Jart , van Marle Sjoerd , Adda Nathalie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEDP‐297 is a farnesoid X receptor agonist under development for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), food effect, and safety were evaluated in a single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase I study. Healthy subjects received single EDP‐297 doses of 20–600 μg or once daily doses of 5–90 μg for 14 days. Safety, PKs, and PDs were assessed, including fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF‐19) and 7‐α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4). Among 82 subjects, EDP‐297 was generally well‐tolerated. Pruritus was observed in four subjects in the SAD phase and seven subjects in the MAD phase; four severe cases occurred at 90 μg in the MAD phase, including one that led to drug discontinuation. A grade 2 elevation in alanine aminotransferase occurred with 90 μg. Mean lipid values remained within normal range. Plasma exposures of EDP‐297 increased with SADs and MADs, with mean half‐life following multiple doses of 9–12.5 h. No food effect was observed. Mean FGF‐19 increased and C4 decreased up to 95% and 92%, respectively. EDP‐297 was generally well‐tolerated up to 60 μg MAD, with linear PKs suitable for once daily oral dosing, target engagement, and no food effect.
Evaluation of levocetirizine in beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey telemetry assays: Defining the no QTc effect profile by timepoint and concentration‐QTc analysis
Authors: Engwall Michael J. , Baublits Joel , Chandra Fiona A. , Jones Zack W. , Wahlstrom Jan , Chui Ray W. , Vargas Hugo M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn prior clinical studies, levocetirizine (LEVO) has demonstrated no effect on ventricular repolarization (QTc intervals), therefore it is a relevant negative control to assess in nonclinical assays to define low proarrhythmic risk. LEVO was tested in beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey (nonhuman primate [NHP]) telemetry models to understand the nonclinical‐clinical translation of this negative control. One oral dose of vehicle, LEVO (10 mg/kg/species) or moxifloxacin (MOXI; 30 mg/kg/dog; 80 mg/kg/NHP) was administered to instrumented animals (N = 8/species) using a cross‐over dosing design; MOXI was the in‐study positive control. Corrected QT interval values (QTcI) were calculated using an individual animal correction factor. Blood samples were taken for drug exposure during telemetry and for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis (same animals; different day) for exposure‐response (C‐QTc) modeling. Statistical analysis of QTc‐by‐timepoint data showed that LEVO treatment was consistent with vehicle, thus no effect on ventricular repolarization was observed over 24 h in both species. PK analysis indicated that LEVO‐maximum concentration levels in dogs (range: 12,300–20,100 ng/ml) and NHPs (range: 4090–12,700 ng/ml) were ≥4‐fold higher than supratherapeutic drug levels in clinical QTc studies. Slope analysis values in dogs (0.00019 ms/ng/ml) and NHPs (0.00016 ms/ng/ml) were similar to the human C‐QTc relationship and indicated no relationship between QTc intervals and plasma levels of LEVO. MOXI treatment caused QTc interval prolongation (dog: 18 ms; NHP: 29 ms). The characterization of LEVO in these non‐rodent telemetry studies further demonstrates the value and impact of the in vivo QTc assay to define a “no QTc effect” profile and support clinical safety assessment.
Expert stakeholders' views on the potential nature and impacts of autonomous alcohol home delivery
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Booth Leon , Farrar Victoria , Godic Branislava , Karl Charles , Brown Julie , Thompson Jason 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe emergence of autonomous vehicles (AV) heralds new methods of alcohol delivery that are likely to have substantial implications for home drinking. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that have the potential to hasten or restrict widescale increases in alcohol availability resulting from AVs.MethodsThirty‐six interviews were conducted with 44 stakeholders across diverse sectors. Interviewees discussed their perceptions of how AVs will evolve and the implications for alcohol access. The interview transcripts were analysed to develop a typology of factors that need to be addressed to minimise harms associated with greater home alcohol consumption due to AVs.ResultsThe interviewees identified a range of demand‐side (e.g., enhanced convenience for consumers) and supply‐side (e.g., increased efficiency for providers) factors associated with AV home deliveries that could increase the prevalence and volume of home drinking. A third category of factors related to potential forms of regulation: suggested harm‐minimisation options related to appropriate enhancements of licensing restrictions and responsible service requirements and the use of various fiscal levers to introduce price barriers.Discussion and ConclusionsThe suggested strategies will require collaborative efforts across government and non‐government organisations to address the potential issues arising from the advent of AV alcohol deliveries. Technological and policy solutions will be needed to ensure responsible service of alcohol. This study provides policy makers with insights into forms of intervention that may be required to minimise the harms associated with the use of AVs in alcohol home delivery systems.
Management of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) in Adults: An updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group
Authors: Mustafa Omar G. , Haq Masud , Dashora Umesh , Castro Erwin , Dhatariya Ketan K. ,   the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractHyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality. It occurs less frequently than diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), affects those with pre‐existing/new type 2 diabetes mellitus and increasingly affecting children/younger adults. Mixed DKA/HHS may occur. The JBDS HHS care pathway consists of 3 themes (clinical assessment and monitoring, interventions, assessments and prevention of harm) and 5 phases of therapy (0–60 min, 1–6, 6–12, 12–24 and 24–72 h). Clinical features of HHS include marked hypovolaemia, osmolality ≥320 mOsm/kg using [(2×Na+) + glucose+urea], marked hyperglycaemia ≥30 mmol/L, without significant ketonaemia (≤3.0 mmol/L), without significant acidosis (pH >7.3) and bicarbonate ≥15 mmol/L. Aims of the therapy are to improve clinical status/replace fluid losses by 24 h, gradual decline in osmolality (3.0–8.0 mOsm/kg/h to minimise the risk of neurological complications), blood glucose 10–15 mmol/L in the first 24 h, prevent hypoglycaemia/hypokalaemia and prevent harm (VTE, osmotic demyelination, fluid overload, foot ulceration). Underlying precipitants must be identified and treated. Interventions include: (1) intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride to restore circulating volume (fluid losses 100–220 ml/kg, caution in elderly), (2) fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion (FRIII) should be commenced once osmolality stops falling with fluid replacement unless there is ketonaemia (FRIII should be commenced at the same time as IV fluids). (3) glucose infusion (5% or 10%) should be started once glucose <14 mmol/L and (4) potassium replacement according to potassium levels. HHS resolution criteria are: osmolality <300 mOsm/kg, hypovolaemia corrected (urine output ≥0.5 ml/kg/h), cognitive status returned to pre‐morbid state and blood glucose <15 mmol/L.
The political effects of trade with Japan in the 1980s
Authors: Nishioka Shuichiro , Olson Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 1974 trade act substantially increased the executive branch's authority in trade negotiations through the granting of fast‐track and Section 301 authority. This paper evaluates the effect on U.S. voting behavior resulting from trade with Japan over 1976–1992 time period. To capture U.S. trade exposures to Japan, we develop the Bartik index from Autor et al. (2013) for import competition with Japan and show that local exposure to import competition had statistically significant negative impacts on Republican presidential candidates over the 1976–1984 period. Although the second Reagan administration used Section 301 to open Japan's markets and Japanese firms shifted production to the United States, job‐creation effects of exports and foreign direct investment did not have any influence on voting outcomes.
Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Betancur‐Corredor Bibiana , Lang Birgit , Russell David J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems.HIGHLIGHTSGlobal meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofaunaReduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid densityEffects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite subordersEffects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency
Laboratory evaluation of leguminous plants for the development and reproduction of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Gao Yu , Chen Lei , Hu Ying‐lu , Tian Xin‐yue , Wang Yue‐ying , Wang Zi‐jie , Zhao Yi‐jin , Li Jin‐bu , Shi Shu‐sen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRiptortus pedestris is one of the most destructive pests of leguminous crops in East Asia. In this study, we assessed the effect of different leguminous plant species, including soybean, wild soybean, white kidney bean, runner bean, pea, cowpea, adzuki bean, mung bean, faba bean, and lentil vetch, on the development and reproduction of R. pedestris. We found that leguminous plant species significantly affect the developmental duration and survivability of the nymphs, adult longevity, and oviposition and fecundity in R. pedestris. The nymphs completed their development on all of these plants. The developmental duration of nymphs was the shortest (16.24 ± 0.57 days) on soybean and the longest (31.33 ± 1.76 days) on faba bean. The rates of survival of nymphs on soybean and pea were 93.2% and 93.0%, respectively. Female adults survived the longest on soybean (64.67 ± 6.64 days) and the shortest (13.27 ± 3.67 days) on white kidney bean. The fecundity on faba bean (decorticated pods) (143.0 ± 28.04 eggs) and soybean (116.63 ± 12.76 eggs) was higher than those on other plants. The age‐specific life table revealed that the population trend index values were all >1 except on wild soybean and faba bean, and the highest was on soybean (30.36), followed by pea (21.0). Soybean and pea were identified as the most suitable hosts for R. pedestris because of their shorter developmental duration, higher survivability, longevity and fecundity and greater population trend index on these hosts, while wild soybean and faba bean were relatively unsuitable host plants.
Management control practices in interorganizational initiatives: The case of a public program
Authors: Barretta Antonio Davide , Noto Guido 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, public management and accounting scholars have focused increasingly on the study of interorganizational initiatives involving multiple public organizations in the pursuit of common goals. This paper is an investigation of management control in a public interorganizational program. It adopts a “management control as a package” approach with the aims of (i) identifying the control mechanisms used in interorganizational initiatives; (ii) exploring the interdependencies between them; and (iii) understanding the contribution of organizational controls in supporting collaborative actions. To address the research objectives, this paper presents the case study of a public initiative. The empirical research combines an interventionist approach with semistructured interviews. As a result, the research highlights that management controls in public interorganizational initiatives could require a package of multiple control mechanisms interdependent; moreover, controls at the inter and intraorganizational level influence each other to guide administrations toward the achievement of common objectives. In particular, in the case analyzed, interorganizational controls seem to support public organizations in overcoming the silo logic that often characterizes public administrations’ structure.
Chytrids enhance Daphnia fitness by selectively retained chytrid‐synthesised stearidonic acid and conversion of short‐chain to long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Abonyi András , Rasconi Serena , Ptacnik Robert , Pilecky Matthias , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Chytrid fungal parasites convert dietary energy and essential dietary molecules, such as long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from inedible algal/cyanobacteria hosts into edible zoospores. How the improved biochemical PUFA composition of chytrid‐infected diet may extend to zooplankton, linking diet quality to consumer fitness, remains unexplored.

Here, we assessed the trophic role of chytrids in supporting dietary energy and PUFA requirements of the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia, when feeding on the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix.

Only Daphnia feeding on chytrid‐infected Planktothrix reproduced successfully and had significantly higher survival and growth rates compared with Daphnia feeding on the sole Planktothrix diet. While the presence of chytrids resulted in a two‐fold increase of carbon ingested by Daphnia, carbon assimilation increased by a factor of four, clearly indicating enhanced carbon transfer efficiency with chytrid presence.

Bulk carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes did not indicate any treatment‐specific dietary effects on Daphnia, nor differences in trophic position among diet sources and the consumer. Compound‐specific carbon isotopes of fatty acids (δ13CFA), however, revealed that chytrids bioconverted short‐chain to LC‐PUFA, making it available for Daphnia. Chytrids synthesised the ω‐3 PUFA stearidonic acid de novo, which was selectively retained by Daphnia. Values of δ13CFA demonstrated that Daphnia also bioconverted short‐chain to LC‐PUFA.

We provide isotopic evidence that chytrids improved the dietary provision of LC‐PUFA for Daphnia and enhanced their fitness. We argue for the existence of a positive feedback loop between enhanced Daphnia growth and herbivory in response to chytrid‐mediated improved diet quality. Chytrids upgrade carbon from the primary producer and facilitate energy and PUFA transfer to primary consumers, potentially also benefitting upper trophic levels of pelagic food webs.
Plants dispersed by a non‐frugivorous migrant change throughout the annual cycle
Authors: Urgyán Renáta , Lukács Balázs A. , Fekete Réka , Molnár V. Attila , Nagy András , Vincze Orsolya , Green Andy J. , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimMigratory waterfowl are important endozoochory vectors for a range of plants lacking fleshy fruits. Our aim was to study the critical question of how endozoochory rates change throughout the annual cycle, and how this relates to plant life‐form and phenology.LocationLake Velence, Hungary.Time period2017–2018.Major taxa studiedMallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Angiospermae, Charophyta.MethodsWe studied waterfowl endozoochory, quantifying seeds and other diaspores dispersed by mallards by collecting faecal samples monthly (ntotal = 670) at a Hungarian lake. We tested the germinability of all seeds recovered from the faecal samples.Main conclusionsWe extracted 5,760 seeds representing 35 plant taxa from mallard faecal samples, and 40% of these seeds germinated successfully following gut passage. We found major differences between seasons in the species composition of the seeds recovered. The peak in species diversity and in abundance of terrestrial seeds coincided with the spring migration of mallards. Importantly, endozoochory was only strongly synchronized with seed production in submerged, but not in emergent or terrestrial plants, illustrating the potential for endozoochory of seeds ingested from the soil seed bank. Overall, our results suggest that endozoochory by migratory waterfowl is a strong and underestimated driver of plant distributions, and is likely to facilitate plant range shifts under climate change, and after introduction of alien species.