bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability modulates neural response to eye contact in ASD
Authors: Naples Adam J. , Foss-Feig Jennifer H. , Wolf Julie M. , Srihari Vinod H. , McPartland James C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in establishing and maintaining eye-contact are early and persistent vulnerabilities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the neural bases of these deficits remain elusive. A promising hypothesis is that social features of autism may reflect difficulties in making predictions about the social world under conditions of uncertainty. However, no research in ASD has examined how predictability impacts the neural processing of eye-contact in naturalistic interpersonal interactions.MethodWe used eye tracking to facilitate an interactive social simulation wherein onscreen faces would establish eye-contact when the participant looked at them. In Experiment One, receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable; in Experiment Two, receipt of eye-contact was predictable. Neural response to eye-contact was measured via the N170 and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs). Experiment One included 23 ASD and 46 typically developing (TD) adult participants. Experiment Two included 25 ASD and 43 TD adult participants.ResultsWhen receipt of eye-contact was unpredictable, individuals with ASD showed increased N170 and increased, but non-specific, P300 responses. The magnitude of the N170 responses correlated with measures of sensory and anxiety symptomology, such that increased response to eye-contact was associated with increased symptomology. However, when receipt of eye-contact was predictable, individuals with ASD, relative to controls, exhibited slower N170s and no differences in the amplitude of N170 or P300.LimitationsOur ASD sample was composed of adults with IQ > 70 and included only four autistic women. Thus, further research is needed to evaluate how these results generalize across the spectrum of age, sex, and cognitive ability. Additionally, as analyses were exploratory, some findings failed to survive false-discovery rate adjustment.ConclusionsNeural response to eye-contact in ASD ranged from attenuated to hypersensitive depending on the predictability of the social context. These findings suggest that the vulnerabilities in eye-contact during social interactions in ASD may arise from differences in anticipation and expectation of eye-contact in addition to the perception of gaze alone.
Comparison of the short-term effects of lumbar endoscopic and microscopic tubular unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in the treatment of elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Liang Dingjie , Xu Mengmeng , Yan Kun , Zhang Dapeng , Qian Weiqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare the clinical efficacy of lumbar endoscopic Delta large channel and microscopic tubular Quadrant channel unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in the treatment of elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods
A total of 40 patients aged above 75 years with lumbar spinal stenosis admitted from June 2019 to August 2021 were reviewed, in which the observation group was treated with the Delta large channel technique and the control group was treated with Quadrant channel open decompression. The general data, duration of illness, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, VAS score preoperatively, 3 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, and ODI index of the two groups were recorded in the two groups.

Results
The observation group had significantly shorter operation time (59.93 ± 10.46 min vs 77.66 ± 12.44 min, P < 0.001) and less intraoperative bleeding (21.06 ± 4.59 mL vs 51.00 ± 10.02 mL, P < 0.001) than the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of illness (11.85 ± 5.08 years vs 13.80 ± 7.40 years, P = 0.337), VAS score preoperatively (6.05 ± 1.19 vs 6.40 ± 1.47, P = 0.412), 3 days postoperatively (1.90 ± 0.85 vs 2.00 ± 1.08, P = 0.746), 3 months postoperatively (1.10 ± 0.31 vs 1.20 ± 0.41, P = 0.389) and 6 months postoperatively (1.25 ± 0.44 vs 1.30 ± 0.57, P = 0.759), and ODI index preoperatively (0.78 ± 0.07 vs 0.74 ± 0.07, P = 0.09), 3 months postoperatively (0.28 ± 0.06 vs 0.30 ± 0.05, P = 0.189) and 6 months postoperatively (0.21 ± 0.07 vs 0.22 ± 0.04, P = 0.444) (P > 0.05). The ODI index 3 days postoperatively in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.33 ± 0.06 vs 0.37 ± 0.05, P = 0.022).

Conclusion
Both surgical methods had good clinical outcomes for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. However, Delta large channel endoscopy had a clearer vision, less trauma and lower incidence of early postoperative back pain than that of Quadrant channel open decompression.
Chemical composition and bioactivity of oilseed cake extracts obtained by subcritical and modified subcritical water
Authors: Švarc-Gajić Jaroslava , Rodrigues Francisca , Moreira Manuela M. , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Morais Simone , Dorosh Olena , Silva Ana Margarida , Bassani Andrea , Dzedik Valentin , Spigno Giorgia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecovery of bioactive compounds from biowaste is gaining more and more interest in circular economy models. The oilseed cakes are usually insufficiently exploited by most technologies since they represent valuable matrices abundant in proteins, minerals, and phytochemicals, but their use is mostly limited to feed ingredients, fertilizers or biofuel production. This study was thus focused on the exploration of new valorization pathways of oilseed cakes by subcritical water, representing a safe and economic alternative in the creation of value chains. Pumpkin, hemp, and flax seed cakes were treated with subcritical water in nitrogen and carbon-dioxide atmospheres, as well as in nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of acid catalyst. The degradation of carbohydrate fraction was studied by quantifying sugars and sugar degradation products in the obtained extracts. The extracts obtained under different conditions were further compared chemically with respect to total phenols and flavonoids, as well as to the content of individual phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the effects of subcritical water treatment conditions on antioxidant, antiradical and cytotoxic properties of thus obtained extracts were defined and discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Occupational radiation exposure assessment during the management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC
Authors: Riveira-Martin Mercedes , Struelens Lara , Schoonjans Werner , Sánchez-Díaz Isaac , Muñoz Iglesias Jose , Ferreira Dávila Óscar , Salvador Gómez Francisco Javier , Salgado Fernández Manuel , López Medina Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Since it was first approved in Europe in 2016, the gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC has been widely used for imaging of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive tumours using positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT). Significant patient benefits have been reported, so its use is rapidly increasing. However, few studies have been published regarding occupational doses to nuclear medicine personnel handling this radiopharmaceutical, despite its manual usage at low distances from the skin and the beta-emission decay scheme, which may result in an increased absorbed dose to their hands. In this context, this study aims to analyse the occupational exposure during the administration of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for PET/CT imaging. For this purpose, extremity, eye lens and whole-body dosimetry in terms of Hp(0.07), Hp(3) and Hp(10), respectively, was conducted on six workers with both thermoluminescent dosimeters, and personal electronic dosimeters.

Results
The non-dominant hand is more exposed to radiation than the dominant hand, with the thumb and the index fingertip being the most exposed sites on this hand. Qualitative analysis showed that when no shielding is used during injection, doses increase significantly more in the dominant than in the non-dominant hand, so the use of shielding is strongly recommended. While wrist dosimeters may significantly underestimate doses to the hands, placing a ring dosimeter at the base of the ring or middle finger of the non-dominant hand may give a valuable estimation of maximum doses to the hands if at least a correction factor of 5 is applied. Personal equivalent doses for the eyes did not result in measurable values (i.e., above the lowest detection limit) for almost all workers. The extrapolated annual dose estimations showed that there is compliance with the annual dose limits during management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for diagnostics with PET in the hospital included in this study.

Conclusions
Imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC is a safe process for the workers performing the administration of the radiopharmaceutical, including intravenous injection to the patient and the pre- and post-activity control, as it is highly unlikely that annual dose limits will be exceeded if good working practices and shielding are used.
Alternating between active and passive facilitator roles in simulated scenarios: a qualitative study of nursing students’ perceptions
Authors: Solli Hilde , Haukedal Thor Arne , Husebø Sissel Iren Eikeland , Reierson Inger Åse 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
High-fidelity simulation refers to realistic interactivity between students and an advanced simulator. During simulated scenarios, the facilitator often needs to provide guidance to the active students to bridge the gap between their insufficient practical nursing skills and clinical learning needs. Facilitators’ guidance should support students in problem-solving and help them progress in their simulation experiences. The aim of this study was to explore and describe nursing students´ perspectives on the facilitator’s role during simulated scenarios.

Methods
A qualitative design was used. Thirty-two nursing students participated in five focus groups conducted immediately after a 2-day high-fidelity simulation course in the second year of their Bachelor of Nursing in Norway. The analysis used structured text condensation.

Results
One main category, “Alternating between active and passive facilitation,” emerged along with three sub-categories: (1) practical support: the facilitator played an important role in ensuring the flow of the simulated scenarios. Some students sought cues from the facilitator or responses to their actions. Other students wanted to act independently, reassured by the possibility of asking for assistance. (2) Guiding communication: the facilitator was important to students in paving their way to achieve the learning outcomes. The way facilitators supported students influenced students’ understanding and their feelings about how they handled the situation and whether they achieved the learning outcomes. (3) Emotional influence: the facilitator’s presence in the simulation room during the simulated scenarios influenced students’ emotions, for example having a calming or aggravating effect or making them feel distressed. In some cases, students were undisturbed.

Conclusions
The facilitation of simulated scenarios requires special skills in providing individually suitable cues at the right time to students with a variety of learning preferences. It is vital that facilitators have well-developed relational, pedagogical, and emotional competence combined with clinical, technical, and simulation-based learning skills in monitoring different learning preferences. As the facilitator role is challenging and complicated, more research is needed to explore how facilitators could monitor and adjust cues individually in simulated scenarios.
Stethorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae) of South India: their associated mite species and barcode gap analysis
Authors: Vidya C. V. , Bhaskar Haseena , Chaitanya R. , Mathew Deepu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Stethorini are specialized mite predators in the family Coccinellidae, which are small with black body and brown or yellow colored appendages. This study aimed to survey species of Stethorini associated with phytophagous mites of South India and their prey range.

Results
Eight species of Stethorini, viz., Parastethorus sp. Stethorus (Allostethorus) forficatus, S. (A.) pauperculus, S. (A.) tetranychi, S. (A.) sp., S. keralicus, S. (S.) rani and S. (S.) sp., each associated with distinct species of mite were identified in this study and part of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of seven of these species are provided. Barcode gap analysis and distance summary analysis in the BOLD system as well as phylogenetic analysis of these seven species were given.

Conclusions
This study revealed the species of Stethorini in South India along with their prey range and associated plants. As all the species look similar with black body and yellow appendages, DNA barcodes generated can be used as an effective bio-identification tool for this group.
Image-mode performance characterisation of a positron emission tomography subsystem designed for Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT)
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Bieniosek Matthew , Ferri Valentina , Iagaru Andrei , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Han Bin , Xing Lei , Vitzthum Lucas , Olcott Peter , Narayanan Manoj , Laurence Thomas , Ren Yulan , Oderinde Oluwaseyi M , Shirvani Shervin M , Chang Daniel , Surucu Murat 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
In this study, we characterise the imaging-mode performance of the positron emission tomography (PET) subsystem of the RefleXion X1 machine using the NEMA NU-2 2018 standard.

Methods:
The X1 machine consists of two symmetrically opposing 900 arcs of PET detectors incorporated into the architecture of a ring-gantry linear accelerator rotating up to 60 RPM. PET emissions from a tumour are detected by the PET detectors and used to guide the delivery of radiation beam. Imaging performance of the PET subsystem on X1 machine was evaluated based on sensitivity of the PET detectors, spatial resolution, count-loss performance, image quality, and daily system performance check.

Results:
PET subsystem sensitivity was measured as 0.183 and 0.161 cps/kBq at the center and off-center positions, respectively. Spatial resolution: average FWHM values of 4.3, 5.1, and 6.7 mm for the point sources at 1, 10, and 20 cm off center, respectively were recorded. For count loss, max NECR: 2.63 kcps, max true coincidence rate: 5.56 kcps, and scatter fraction: 39.8%. The 10 mm sphere was not visible. Image-quality contrast values were: 29.6%, 64.9%, 66.5%, 81.8%, 81.2%, and background variability: 14.8%, 12.4%, 10.3%, 8.8%, 8.3%, for the 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm sphere sizes, respectively.

Conclusions:
When operating in an imaging mode, the spatial resolution and image contrast of the X1 PET subsystem were comparable to those of typical diagnostic imaging systems for large spheres, while the sensitivity and count rate were lower due to the significantly smaller PET detector area in the X1 system. Clinical efficacy when used in BgRT remains to be validated.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first performance evaluation of the PET subsystem on the novel BgRT machine. The dual arcs rotating PET subsystem on RefleXion X1 machine performance is comparable to those of the typical diagnostic PET system based on the spatial resolution and image contrast for larger spheres.
STRUCTURING THE ECONOMIC SPACE FOR SMALL BUSINESS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: Dudukalov Egor V. , Zolochevskaya Elena Yu. , Sorokina Marina Yu. , Mangusheva Lyaylya S. 
Published: October 2022

Objective. The article is devoted to the disclosure of theoretical issues, the development of guidelines for the structuring of the economic space of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex.
Materials and methods. Based on the systemic, integrated and cluster approaches, theories of spatial distribution of production, institutionalism and state regulation, the systemic prerequisites for the need to structure the economic space are identified, taking into account the number of economic entities of small forms of agricultural production and its natural resource potential, the status of households, based on their role in the consumer market.
Results. An organizational mechanism for the consolidation of small forms of economic management in the agricultural sector has been developed, based on an assessment of the potential of the resource base of the region’s macrodistricts, the specialization of peasant (farm) and personal subsidiary farms, the level of filling of the relevant food markets in the region and their potential capacity.
Conclusion. Theoretical issues of developing methodological recommendations for structuring the economic space of small forms of doing business in the agro-industrial complex are disclosed.
LIVER REGENERATION IN RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Galchenko Ludmila I. , Kaliagin Alexey N. 
Published: October 2022

Aim – to establish the morphological manifestations of radiation damage to the liver after exposure to ionizing radiation during irradiation with a betatron 25 MeV, depending on the magnitude of its irradiation, and to study the regenerative capacity of the liver.
Methods. Examined in 83 patients undergoing treatment for cancer of the proximal stomach. In terms of preoperative irradiation on a 25 MeV betatron, a part of the left lobe of the liver fell into the irradiation zone in patients, the total focal dose to it ranged from 8 to 60 Gy. To study the state of the liver after radiation exposure, in addition to monitoring the biochemical parameters of blood, we used radionuclide diagnostic methods – hepatography, hepatoscanning, which were carried out before and after irradiation. The data of hepatoskenograms were compared with histological studies of liver tissues during biopsy at surgery, autopsy.
Results. Depending on the doses received on a part of the left lobe of the liver, there were changes in hepatoscanograms characteristic of radiation hepatitis, up to radiation fibrosis. After irradiation of a part of the left lobe of the liver at a dose of 30 Gy, the changes were reversible and ended in reparation. Changes in the liver at a dose of more than 30 Gy were irreplaceable and ended in radiation fibrosis. According to the data of radionuclide diagnostics, the size of the non-irradiated part of the liver increases, its function compensates for the functional losses associated with dysfunction of the irradiated lobe of the liver.
Conclusion. Irradiation of a part of the liver in doses leading to the development of even radiation fibrosis should not be considered as a contraindication when planning a course of radiation therapy.
SOMATOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF YAKUT MEN ACCORDING TO THE REES-EISENCK INDEX
Authors: Alekseeva Vilyuya A. , Guryeva Alla B. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Physical development is one of the generally recognized indicators of health. Scientific research aimed at studying the constitution and composition of the body of the male population using various techniques is an urgent task of modern medicine and human biology.
The aim of the study was to determine the somatotypological features of the physical development of yakut men according to the Rees-Eisenck index.
Materials and methods. An anthropometric and bioimpedance examination of 55 men of yakut nationality, the first and second periods of adulthood was conducted. The anthropometric part of the study included the measurement of body length and weight, waist and hip circumference, pelvic diameter and transverse chest diameter. Somatometric indices were calculated: BMI, Rohrer index, the ratio of waist circumference to buttocks. The definition of body types was carried out according to the Rees-Eisenck index. Bioimpedance measurement was carried out using the analyzer of body composition and balance of water sectors of the body ABC – 01 “Medass”. The amounts of relative and absolute fat mass, musculoskeletal mass, lean mass, active cell mass were determined. Statistical processing of the obtained material was carried out by parametric and nonparametric methods using the SPSS 17,0 application software package.
Results. The predominant body type was the picnic type (76,6%). Comparison of the indicators revealed significantly large values of body weight, BMI, waist and buttock circumference, transverse chest diameter, pelvic diameter and relative fat mass in persons with a picnic body type. Parameters of musculoskeletal mass, lean mass and total hydration of the body in picnics were significantly lower than those of normostenics. Overweight and obesity were significantly more often registered in persons with picnic somatotype.
Conclusion. Thus, the obtained anthropometric and bioimpedance data allow us to classify men with a picnical type of physique into a risk group for the development of pathology of different body systems.
The relation between mandibular symphysis and the Angle class in orthodontic treatment
Authors: Nobre Ricardina , De Castro Saúl Matos , Ponces Maria João , Lopes Jorge Dias , Ferreira Afonso Pinhão 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. Facial perception depends on the different components of the face. The chin is a striking anatomical structure in the individual’s identity and mandibular symphysis (MS) shape influences the adjacent soft tissue, determining facial harmony. In lateral cephalometry, the MS corresponds to the image of the mandibular body in its anterior curvature. It shape, inclination and thickness provide valuable information for orthodontic diagnosis and prognosis. Since facial features are associated with malocclusions, the present investigation aims to relate the height, thickness and inclination of the MS using Angle’s Class.
Methods. 495 lateral incidence cephalograms of an orthodontic population were analyzed using a previously developed and tested software. The sample was randomly selected and the height, thickness and inclination of the MS were measured. The values were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05).
Results. The distribution according to Angle’s Class was 48.9% for Class I, 34.7% for Class II Division 1, 7.4% for Class II Division 2 and 8.9% for Class III. The MS height did not´t show significant differences between the three dental classes. The MS thickness was significantly increased in Class II Division 2 and Class I subjects (p = 0,037). The MS inclination was significantly less in Class III subjects when compared to Class I and Class II Division 1 (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions. The MS presented variations, which may be associated with a natural compensation against malocclusion, influencing the position of the teeth and their relationship with the other dento-craniofacial structures and with consequences on the facial harmony.