bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport and deposition of inhaled man‐made vitreous and asbestos fibers in realistic human respiratory tract models: An in silico study
Authors: Dang Khoa Nguyen , Phuong Nguyen Lu , Takahashi Ken , Ito Kazuhide 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParticles longer than 5 μm and with a length/diameter ratio >3 are defined as fibers. Asbestos or other fibers are still identified in residential environments due to the emission from asbestos‐used building materials. The respiratory system is the primary route of asbestos exposure; under a longer residence time, asbestos‐related adverse health effects are inevitable. Currently, asbestos fibers have been replaced with man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVFs); however, studies have revealed some similar biological effects of MMVFs with asbestos. Therefore, MMVFs‐induced diseases need to be determined by analyzing their deposition characteristics and foci in human respiratory tracts. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics method to investigate fibers' airflow and deposition patterns in two realistic human respiratory models. Two drag models were used to predict the deposition of uniform 1 μm (asbestos) and 3.66 μm (carbon fiber‐CF) diameter, 15–300 μm long fibers. Two drag models provided comparable results with the experimental data. Comparatively, asbestos deposition was independent of fiber length, while CF deposition increased proportionally to fiber length. The highest level of local deposition was detected in the anterior nasal cavity. The results obtained from this study can extend current knowledge of human vitreous fiber exposure‐related lung diseases.
Serum lipidomic determinants of human diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Reynolds Evan L. , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke M. , Soni Tanu , Byun Jaeman , Savelieff Masha G. , Looker Helen C. , Nelson Robert G. , Michailidis George , Callaghan Brian C. , Pennathur Subramaniam , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe serum lipidomic profile associated with neuropathy in type 2 diabetes is not well understood. Obesity and dyslipidemia are known neuropathy risk factors, suggesting lipid profiles early during type 2 diabetes may identify individuals who develop neuropathy later in the disease course. This retrospective cohort study examined lipidomic profiles 10 years prior to type 2 diabetic neuropathy assessment.MethodsParticipants comprised members of the Gila River Indian community with type 2 diabetes (n = 69) with available stored serum samples and neuropathy assessment 10 years later using the combined Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) examination and questionnaire scores. A combined MNSI index was calculated from examination and questionnaire scores. Serum lipids (435 species from 18 classes) were quantified by mass spectrometry.ResultsThe cohort included 17 males and 52 females with a mean age of 45 years (SD = 9 years). Participants were stratified as with (high MNSI index score > 2.5407) versus without neuropathy (low MNSI index score ≤ 2.5407). Significantly decreased medium‐chain acylcarnitines and increased total free fatty acids, independent of chain length and saturation, in serum at baseline associated with incident peripheral neuropathy at follow‐up, that is, participants had high MNSI index scores, independent of covariates. Participants with neuropathy also had decreased phosphatidylcholines and increased lysophosphatidylcholines at baseline, independent of chain length and saturation. The abundance of other lipid classes did not differ significantly by neuropathy status.InterpretationAbundance differences in circulating acylcarnitines, free fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines 10 years prior to neuropathy assessment are associated with neuropathy status in type 2 diabetes.
Ultratough Hydrogen‐Bond‐Bridged Phosphorene Films
Authors: Liu Zhifang , Wang Huaipeng , Cao Huaqiang , Xie Dan , Li Chun , Yang Haijun , Yao Wenqing , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible electronic devices, especially based on 2D materials, has triggered the demand for high‐strength materials. Mono‐ or few‐layer phosphorene with excellent electronic properties has attracted extensive attention. However, phosphorene is affected by its low Young's modulus when applied to flexible electronic devices. Here, a strategy via ion intercalation to significantly improve the mechanical properties of black phosphorus to generate hydrogen‐bond‐bridged phosphorene films with Young's modulus as high as 316 GPa is reported. This value is several times larger than the theoretical values of 166 GPa in the zigzag direction, 44 GPa in the armchair direction, and the averaged Young's modulus among all directions of 94 GPa. The impact of intercalation on mechanical properties is also explored. Experimental nanoindentation results obtained by atomic force microscopy indicate that the relationship between the ratio of intercalated ions to phosphorus atoms and the corresponding Young's modulus satisfies the formula . Furthermore, a flexible NO2 gas sensor device based on this ultratough material presents excellent performance, even after 10 000 bending cycles. The results provide new insight into the potential for practical applications of black phosphorus devices.
Thermal‐Radiation‐Driven Ultrafast Crystallization of Perovskite Films Under Heavy Humidity for Efficient Inverted Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Lian Qing , Wang Deng , Jiang Feng , Mi Guojun , Li Dongyang , Huang Yulan , Wang Yun , Yao Xiyu , Shi Run , Liao Chwenhaw , Zheng Jianghui , Ho‐Baillie Anita , Amini Abbas , Xu Baomin , Cheng Chun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in air is conducive to low‐cost commercial production; nevertheless, it is rather difficult to achieve comparable device performance as that in an inert atmosphere because of the poor moisture toleration of perovskite materials. Here, the perovskite crystallization process is systematically studied using two‐step sequential solution deposition in an inert atmosphere (glovebox) and air. It is found that moisture can stabilize solvation intermediates and prevent their conversion into perovskite crystals. To address this issue, thermal radiation is used to accelerate perovskite crystallization for integrated perovskite films within 10 s in air. The as‐formed perovskite films are compact, highly oriented with giant grain size, superior photoelectric properties, and low trap density. When the films are applied to PSC devices, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% is obtained, one of the best results for air‐processed inverted PSCs under high relative humidity (60 ± 10%). This work substantially assists understanding and modulation to perovskite crystallization kinetics under heavy humidity. Also, the ultrafast conversion strategy by thermal radiation provides unprecedented opportunities to manufacture high‐quality perovskite films for low‐temperature, eco‐friendly, and air‐processed efficient inverted PSCs.
Piezoelectricity across 2D Phase Boundaries
Authors: Puthirath Anand B. , Zhang Xiang , Krishnamoorthy Aravind , Xu Rui , Samghabadi Farnaz Safi , Moore David C. , Lai Jiawei , Zhang Tianyi , Sanchez David E. , Zhang Fu , Glavin Nicholas R. , Litvinov Dmitri , Vajtai Robert , Swaminathan Venkataraman , Terrones Mauricio , Zhu Hanyu , Vashishta Priya , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPiezoelectricity in low‐dimensional materials and metal–semiconductor junctions has attracted recent attention. Herein, a 2D in‐plane metal–semiconductor junction made of multilayer 2H and 1T′ phases of molybdenum(IV) telluride (MoTe2) is investigated. Strong piezoelectric response is observed using piezoresponse force microscopy at the 2H–1T′ junction, despite that the multilayers of each individual phase are weakly piezoelectric. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations suggest that the amplified piezoelectric response observed at the junction is due to the charge transfer across the semiconducting and metallic junctions resulting in the formation of dipoles and excess charge density, allowing the engineering of piezoelectric response in atomically thin materials.
Heliconical Cholesterics Endows Spatial Phase Modulator with an Electrically Customizable Working Band
Authors: Xu Chun‐Ting , Liu Bing‐Hui , Peng Cheng , Chen Quan‐Ming , Chen Peng , Sun Pei‐Zhi , Zheng Zhi‐Gang , Lu Yan‐Qing , Hu Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultidimensional and large‐scale parallel manipulation of light, especially on‐demand tailoring of the working frequency and spatial phase front, is highly pursued in modern optics. Here, broadband tunable planar optics is demonstrated by electrically driving the nanohelix of photopatterned heliconical cholesterics. By preprogramming the initial orientation of the helixes using a dynamic‐mask photoalignment technique, spatial geometric phases can be arbitrarily encoded to the reflected light in a reconfigurable way. Due to the reversible electrically variant pitch of the heliconical superstructures, the reflective Bragg band can be precisely selected in the range from 380 to 1550 nm. In addition to wavelength selection and geometric phase modulation, spatial amplitude modulation and spin reversion can be further expected. This may offer a platform for full‐dimensional manipulation of light, including wavelength/frequency, phase, amplitude, time, and spin, thus upgrading optical information processing techniques.
The role of hypoxia and inflammation in the regulation of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in COVID‐19: The IRONCOVID study
Authors: Maira Diletta , Duca Lorena , Busti Fabiana , Consonni Dario , Salvatici Michela , Vianello Alice , Milani Angelo , Guzzardella Amedeo , Di Pierro Elena , Aliberti Stefano , Baldini Itala Marina , Bandera Alessandra , Blasi Francesco , Cassinerio Elena , Cesari Matteo , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Grasselli Giacomo , Graziadei Giovanna , Lombardi Rosa , Marchi Giacomo , Montano Nicola , Monzani Valter , Peyvandi Flora , Proietti Marco , Sandri Maria , Valenti Luca , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Girelli Domenico , Protti Alessandro , Motta Irene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) can be considered as a human pathological model of inflammation combined with hypoxia. In this setting, both erythropoiesis and iron metabolism appear to be profoundly affected by inflammatory and hypoxic stimuli, which act in the opposite direction on hepcidin regulation. The impact of low blood oxygen levels on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism in the context of human hypoxic disease (e.g., pneumonia) has not been fully elucidated. This multicentric observational study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of anemia, the alterations of iron homeostasis, and the relationship between inflammation, hypoxia, and erythropoietic parameters in a cohort of 481 COVID‐19 patients admitted both to medical wards and intensive care units (ICU). Data were collected on admission and after 7 days of hospitalization. On admission, nearly half of the patients were anemic, displaying mild‐to‐moderate anemia. We found that hepcidin levels were increased during the whole period of observation. The patients with a higher burden of disease (i.e., those who needed intensive care treatment or had a more severe degree of hypoxia) showed lower hepcidin levels, despite having a more marked inflammatory pattern. Erythropoietin (EPO) levels were also lower in the ICU group on admission. After 7 days, EPO levels rose in the ICU group while they remained stable in the non‐ICU group, reflecting that the initial hypoxic stimulus was stronger in the first group. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that, at least in the early phases, hypoxia‐driven stimuli prevail over inflammation in the regulation of hepcidin and, finally, of erythropoiesis.
Mosaicism of common pathogenic MECP2 variants identified in two males with a clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A. , Fee Timothy , Bend Renee , Louie Raymond , Annese Fran , Stallworth Jennifer , Worthington Jessica , Buchanan Caroline Black , Everman David B. , Skinner Steven , Friez Michael J. , Jones Julie R. , Spellicy Catherine J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRett (RTT) syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variation in the MECP2 gene, is characterized by developmental regression, loss of purposeful hand movements, stereotypic hand movements, abnormal gait, and loss of spoken language. Due to the X‐linked inheritance pattern, RTT is typically limited to females. Recent studies revealed somatic mosaicism in MECP2 in male patients with RTT‐like phenotypes. While detecting mosaic variation using Sanger sequencing is theoretically possible for mosaicism over ~15%–20%, several variables, including efficiency of PCR, background noise, and/or human error, contribute to a low detection rate using this technology. Mosaic variants in two males were detected by next generation sequencing (NGS; Case 1) and by Sanger re‐sequencing (Case 2). Both had targeted digital PCR (dPCR) to confirm the variants. In this report, we present two males with classic RTT syndrome in whom we identified pathogenic variation in the MECP2 gene in the mosaic state (c.730C > T (p.Gln244*) in Patient 1 and c.397C > T (p.Arg133Cys) in Patient 2). In addition, estimates and measures of mosaic variant fraction were surprisingly similar between Sanger sequencing, NGS, and dPCR. The mosaic state of these variants contributed to a lengthy diagnostic odyssey for these patients. While NGS and even Sanger sequencing may be viable methods of detecting mosaic variation in DNA or RNA samples, applying targeted dPCR to supplement these sequencing technologies would provide confirmation of somatic mosaicism and mosaic fraction.
Best practices are never best: Evaluating primate conservation education programs (PCEPs) with a decolonial perspective
Authors: Bezanson Michelle , Franquesa‐Soler Montserrat , Kowalewski Martin , McNamara Allison , Oktaviani Rahayu , Rodrigues Michelle A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWho do we aim to educate with primate conservation education programs (PCEPs)? In a commentary published in a recent AJP, Annette Lanjouw suggested that many efforts to “educate” habitat‐country communities can be neocolonial in their approaches. Forest destruction and habitat loss are a result of global consumption and expansion. We therefore need to approach conservation education from many angles including local stakeholders, policy makers, government officials, and the humans living in industrialized nations who are major consumers of the items that shrink primate habitats. In this review, we investigate PCEPs to determine if the conservation education goals, education methods, and assessment processes are proceeding within a neocolonial context. We reviewed the last 20 years of primate conservation literature and looked for publications that were focused on education programs. We found that in 50 of 52 publications published between 2001 and 2021, the education programs take place in habitat‐country local communities. We also reviewed primate field researcher and field site websites, and in most cases, education programs were also focused on educating local communities living near or in nonhuman primate habitats. Exceptions were student clubs, zoo programs, and a high school outreach program. Many PCEP providers presented a list of “lessons learned” and we compiled their wisdom in combination with our experience to provide a framework for moving forward. We conclude that as conservation primatologists, we must think beyond our field sites to create opportunities for educational outreach. We can reach global consumers by linking to zoos, television/motion picture, print media, social media, and working with schools on curricula. Primatologists can engage our undergraduates to establish clubs and create meaningful assignments that reach beyond the classroom. We encourage primatologists from the Global North to consider their positionality and the history of conservation exclusion in their attempts to conserve primates.
Encoding Supramolecular Chiral Self‐Assembly with Photo‐Controlled Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Overcrowded Alkene‐Based Bis‐PBI Modulators
Authors: Shi Zhao‐Tao , Wang Qian , Yi Jinhao , Zhao Chengxi , Chen Shao‐Yu , Tian He , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping photoresponsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials is an essential step for biosensing and biomedical applications. However, fabricating CPL assemblies rooted in the chirality amplification and transmission of the molecular building blocks, which simultaneously show photo‐controllable CPL signals, remains challenging. Herein, a molecular building block containing an overcrowded‐alkene core and bis‐PBI(MPBI) was designed. Importantly, the enantiopureMPBIcan self‐assemble into well‐organized nanofibers via π‐π stacking interactions and enable the transmission of the intrinsic chirality, providing opposite CPL signals. The photoisomerization ofMPBIinduced a transformation from nanofibers to discrete nanospheres, accompanied by a gradually decreased CPL signal. The results demonstrated the development of photo‐controllable CPL materials from the assembly of chiralMPBI, which provides an alternatively facile strategy to fabricate CPL‐active materials and would offer opportunities for future biosensing and biomedical applications.
Calix[4]pyrrolato Stibenium: Lewis Superacidity by Antimony(III)‐Antimony(V) Electromerism
Authors: Schorpp Marcel , Yadav Ravi , Roth Daniel , Greb Lutz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLewis superacids enable the activation of highly inert substrates. However, the permanent presence of a Lewis superacidic center comes along with a constantly increased intolerance toward functional groups or ambient conditions. Herein, we describe a strategy to unleash Lewis superacidity by electromerism. Experimental and computational results indicate that coordinating a Lewis base to Δ‐calix[4]pyrrolato‐antimony(III) triggers a ligand redox‐noninnocent coupled transfer into antimony(V)‐state that exhibits Lewis superacidic features. Lewis acidity by electromerism establishes a concept of potential generality for powerful yet robust reagents and on‐site substrate activation approaches.
The Interaction of K and O2 on Au(111): Multiple Growth Modes of Potassium Oxide and Their Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation
Authors: Shi Rui , Liao Wenjie , Ramírez Pedro J. , Orozco Ivan , Mahapatra Mausumi , Kang Jindong , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Liu Ping , Rodriguez José A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn industrial catalysis, alkali cations are frequently used to promote activity or selectivity. Scanning tunneling microscopy, ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density‐functional calculations were used to study the structure and reactivity of potassium oxides in contact with the Au(111) surface. Three different types of oxides (K2O2, K2O and KOy with y<0.5) were observed on top of the gold substrate at 300–525 K. Initially, small aggregates of K2O2/K2O (1–2 nm in size) were seen at the elbows of the herringbone structure. After increasing the K coverage (>0.15 ML), large islands of the oxide (20–40 nm in size) appeared. These islands contained a mixture of K2O and KOy (y<0.5). A key correlation was found involving the structure, oxidation state, and chemical activity of the alkali oxide. The small aggregates of potassium oxide had a very high catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO, being much more than plain promoters.
Bloom Syndrome Helicase Compresses Single‐Stranded DNA into Phase‐Separated Condensates
Authors: Wang Teng , Hu Jiaojiao , Li Yanan , Bi Lulu , Guo Lijuan , Jia Xinshuo , Zhang Xia , Li Dan , Hou Xi‐Miao , Modesti Mauro , Xi Xu‐Guang , Liu Cong , Sun Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBloom syndrome protein (BLM) is a conserved RecQ family helicase involved in the maintenance of genome stability. BLM has been widely recognized as a genome “caretaker” that processes structured DNA. In contrast, our knowledge of how BLM behaves on single‐stranded (ss) DNA is still limited. Here, we demonstrate that BLM possesses the intrinsic ability for phase separation and can co‐phase separate with ssDNA to form dynamically arrested protein/ssDNA co‐condensates. The introduction of ATP potentiates the capability of BLM to condense on ssDNA, which further promotes the compression of ssDNA against a resistive force of up to 60 piconewtons. Moreover, BLM is also capable of condensing replication protein A (RPA)‐ or RAD51‐coated ssDNA, before which it generates naked ssDNA by dismantling these ssDNA‐binding proteins. Overall, our findings identify an unexpected characteristic of a DNA helicase and provide a new angle of protein/ssDNA co‐condensation for understanding the genomic instability caused by BLM overexpression under diseased conditions.
In Situ Analysis of Membrane‐Protein Binding Kinetics and Cell–Surface Adhesion Using Plasmonic Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Xinyu , Jiang Jiapei , Kolay Jayeeta , Wang Rui , Ma Guangzhong , Wan Zijian , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) is an excellent platform for in situ studying cell‐substrate interactions. However, SPRM suffers from poor spatial resolution and small field of view. Herein, we demonstrate plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM) by adding a dry objective on a popular prism‐coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system. PSM not only retains SPRM's high sensitivity and real‐time analysis capability, but also provides ≈7 times higher spatial resolution and ≈70 times larger field of view than the typical SPRM, thus providing more details about membrane protein response to ligand binding on over 100 cells simultaneously. In addition, PSM allows quantifying the target movements in the axial direction with a high spatial resolution, thus allowing mapping adhesion spring constants for quantitatively describing the mechanical properties of the cell‐substrate contacts. This work may offer a powerful and cost‐effective strategy for upgrading current SPR products.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Bisbenzannulated Spiroketals and Spiroaminals by Ir/Ag/Acid Ternary Catalysis
Authors: Yang Wu‐Lin , Shang Xin‐Yu , Ni Tao , Yan Hui , Luo Xiaoyan , Zheng Hanliang , Li Zhong , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe reported herein an iridium/silver/acid ternary catalytic system to access bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroketals in high efficiency with generally high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). In this procedure, readily availableo‐alkynylacetophenones undergo cycloisomerization to generate isochromenes in situ that participate in stereoselective allylation/spiroketalization sequence with 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols. Meanwhile, 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also compatible in this cascade reaction, furnishing structurally novel bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroaminals with good diastereoselectivities (8 : 1–12 : 1 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (98 %–>99 % ee). Moreover, experimental studies and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and stereochemistry.
A Switchable Palladium(II) Trefoil Entangled Tetrahedron with Temperature Dependence and Concentration Independence
Authors: Algar Jess L. , Findlay James A. , Evans Jack D. , Preston Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly makes metallo‐interlocked architectures attractive targets, but being in equilibrium with smaller species means that they can suffer from dilution effects. We show that a junctioned system gives rise to a [Pd4(L)2]8+trefoil entangled tetrahedron irrespective of concentration. Heating the sample reversibly shifts the equilibrium from the knot to an isomeric non‐interlocked dual metallo‐cycle, demonstrating that thermodynamic equilibria can still be exploited for switching even in the absence of concentration effects.