bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome after chronic anastomotic leakage following surgery for low rectal cancer
Authors: Ponholzer Florian , Klingler Clemens Paul , Gasser Elisabeth , Gehwolf Philipp , Ninkovic Marijana , Bellotti Ruben , Kafka-Ritsch Reinhold , Öfner Dietmar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study analyzed the prevalence and factors influencing the history of chronic anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Furthermore, the treatment of a persisting presacral sinus and the impact of stoma reversal on outcome were evaluated.

Methods
The institutional database was scanned for all patients with anastomotic leakage, who were primarily treated for low rectal cancer between January 1995 and December 2019. Patients with rectovaginal and rectovesical fistula or an inadequate follow-up were excluded (n = 5). After applying the exclusion criteria, 71 patients remained for analysis.

Results
A total of 39 patients out of 71 patients with anastomotic leakage (54.9%) developed a persisting presacral sinus. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy or chemotherapy showed a significant impact on the formation of a chronic anastomotic leakage (radiochemotherapy: p = 0.034; chemotherapy: p = 0.050), while initial surgical treatment showed no difference for anastomotic healing (p = 0.502), but a significantly better overall survival (p = 0.042). Multiple therapies and surgical revision had a negative impact on patients’ rate of natural bowel continuity (p = 0.006/ < 0.001). In addition, the stoma reversal cohort showed improved overall 10-year survival (p = 0.004) and functional results (bowel continuity: p = 0.026; pain: p = 0.031).

Conclusion
Primary surgical therapy for chronic anastomotic leakage should consist of surgical treatment. Furthermore, the reversal of a protective stoma should be considered a viable option in treating chronic presacral sinus to improve pain symptoms and bowel continuity.
Effect of trophectoderm biopsy for PGT-A on live birth rate per embryo in good prognosis patients
Authors: Awadalla Michael S. , Agarwal Ravi , Ho Jacqueline R. , McGinnis Lynda K. , Ahmady Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine if blastocyst trophectoderm biopsy for PGT-A is associated with an increased rate of live birth per embryo in good prognosis IVF patients at a single center.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of good prognosis embryo transfer cycles at a single center from 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2019. We evaluated the rate of live birth per embryo with and without PGT-A for transfer of embryos in two groups of good prognosis patients: embryos from donor oocytes and embryos from autologous oocytes with maternal age less than 35 years at oocyte retrieval. Two-sided Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparisons between groups.

Results
After transfer of embryos created from donor oocytes the live birth rate per euploid embryo was 70.6% (24/34) compared to 34.3% (35/102) for untested embryos for a rate difference of 36.3% (95% CI 18.4–54.1%, p < 0.01). After transfer of embryos created from autologous oocytes with maternal age less than 35 years at oocyte retrieval the live birth rate per euploid embryo was 70.0% (49/70) compared to 52.5% (53/101) for untested embryos for a rate difference of 17.5% (95% CI 3.0–32.0%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
In good prognosis patients at our center the live birth rate per euploid blastocyst was higher than for untested blastocysts.
EAHP 2020 workshop proceedings, pediatric myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Leguit R. J. , Orazi A. , Kucine N. , Kvasnicka H. M. , Gianelli U. , Arber D. A. , Porwit A. , Ponzoni M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The first section of the bone marrow workshop of the European Association of Haematopathology (EAHP) 2020 Virtual Meeting was dedicated to pediatric myeloid neoplasms. The section covered the whole spectrum of myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The workshop cases are hereby presented, preceded by an introduction on these overall rare diseases in this age group. Very rare entities such as primary myelofibrosis, pediatric MDS with fibrosis, and MDS/MPN with JMML-like features and t(4;17)(q12;q21); FIP1L1::RARA fusion, are described in more detail.
Sodium assessment in neonates, infants, and children: a systematic review
Authors: Corsello Antonio , Malandrini Sabrina , Bianchetti Mario G. , Agostoni Carlo , Cantoni Barbara , Meani Francesco , Faré Pietro B. , Milani Gregorio P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hyponatremia is a common disorder in childhood. The indirect and the direct potentiometry are currently the most popular techniques employed for sodium assessment, although discrepancies between the two techniques may be > 10 mmol/L. It is known that < 20% of the recently published articles report information about the technique used for sodium analysis, but no data are available on pediatric studies. This study aimed at investigating the laboratory technique employed for sodium measurement in studies conducted in childhood. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was undertaken to identify articles containing the word “hyponatremia” in the title between 2013 and 2020. Papers with < 10 subjects were excluded. A total of 565 articles were included. Information on the laboratory technique used for sodium analysis was more commonly (p = 0.035) reported in pediatric (n = 15, 28%) than in non-pediatric (n = 81, 16%) reports. The frequency of reports with and without information on the technique for sodium assessment was not different with respect to the study characteristics, the quartile of the journal where the paper was published, the country income setting, and the inclusion of neonates among the 54 pediatric studies. Conclusion: Most pediatric papers do not report any information on the technique used for sodium analysis. Although international authorities have recommended the implementation of direct potentiometry, a low awareness on this issue is still widespread in pediatric research.

What is Known:

• Direct potentiometry and indirect potentiometry are currently employed for sodium analysis in blood.

• Direct potentiometry is more accurate.

What is New:

• Less than 30% of pediatric articles provide information on the technique employed for sodium analysis in blood.

• Indirect potentiometry is more frequently employed than direct potentiometry in pediatric studies.
Spatio-temporal estimation of wind speed and wind power using extreme learning machines: predictions, uncertainty and technical potential
Authors: Amato Federico , Guignard Fabian , Walch Alina , Mohajeri Nahid , Scartezzini Jean-Louis , Kanevski Mikhail 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith wind power providing an increasing amount of electricity worldwide, the quantification of its spatio-temporal variations and the related uncertainty is crucial for energy planners and policy-makers. Here, we propose a methodological framework which (1) uses machine learning to reconstruct a spatio-temporal field of wind speed on a regular grid from spatially irregularly distributed measurements and (2) transforms the wind speed to wind power estimates. Estimates of both model and prediction uncertainties, and of their propagation after transforming wind speed to power, are provided without any assumptions on data distributions. The methodology is applied to study hourly wind power potential on a grid of$$250\times 250$$250×250 m$$^{2}$$2for turbines of 100 m hub height in Switzerland, generating the first dataset of its type for the country. We show that the average annual power generation per turbine is 4.4 GWh. Results suggest that around 12,000 wind turbines could be installed on all 19,617 km$$^{2}$$2of available area in Switzerland resulting in a maximum technical wind potential of 53 TWh. To achieve the Swiss expansion goals of wind power for 2050, around 1000 turbines would be sufficient, corresponding to only 8% of the maximum estimated potential.
Thermodynamic assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle: lessons from human biometeorology
Authors: Foroushani Sepehr , Amon Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA versatile meteorological index for predicting heat stress in dairy cattle remains elusive. Despite numerous attempts at developing such indices and widespread use of some, there is growing skepticism about the accuracy and adequacy of the existing indices as well as the general statistical approach used to develop them. At the same time, precision farming of high-yielding animals in a drastically changing climate calls for more effective prediction and alleviation of heat stress. The present paper revisits classical work on human biometeorology, particularly the apparent temperature scale, to draw inspiration for advancing research on heat stress in dairy cattle. The importance of a detailed, mechanistic understanding of heat transfer and thermoregulation is demonstrated and reiterated. A model from the literature is used to construct a framework for identifying and characterizing conditions of potential heat stress. New parameters are proposed to translate the heat flux calculations based on heat-balance models into more tangible and more useful meteorological indices, including an apparent temperature for cattle and a thermoregulatory exhaustion index. A validation gap in the literature is identified as the main hindrance to the further development and deployment of heat-balance models. Recommendations are presented for systematically addressing this gap in particular and continuing research within the proposed framework in general.
Gramian-based model reduction for unstable stochastic systems
Authors: Redmann Martin , Jamshidi Nahid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper considers large-scale linear stochastic systems representing, e.g., spatially discretized stochastic partial differential equations. Since asymptotic stability can often not be ensured in such a stochastic setting (e.g., due to larger noise), the main focus is on establishing model order reduction (MOR) schemes applicable to unstable systems. MOR is vital to reduce the dimension of the problem in order to lower the enormous computational complexity of for instance sampling methods in high dimensions. In particular, a new type of Gramian-based MOR approach is proposed in this paper that can be used in very general settings. The considered Gramians are constructed to identify dominant subspaces of the stochastic system as pointed out in this work. Moreover, they can be computed via Lyapunov equations. However, covariance information of the underlying systems enters these equations which is not directly available. Therefore, efficient sampling-based methods relying on variance reduction techniques are established to derive the required covariances and hence the Gramians. Alternatively, an ansatz to compute the Gramians by deterministic approximations of covariance functions is investigated. An error bound for the studied MOR methods is proved yielding an a priori criterion for the choice of the reduced system dimension. This bound is new and beneficial even in the deterministic case. The paper is concluded by numerical experiments showing the efficiency of the proposed MOR schemes.
The Hadwiger theorem on convex functions, III: Steiner formulas and mixed Monge–Ampère measures
Authors: Colesanti Andrea , Ludwig Monika , Mussnig Fabian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA complete family of functional Steiner formulas is established. As applications, an explicit representation of functional intrinsic volumes using special mixed Monge–Ampère measures and a new version of the Hadwiger theorem on convex functions are obtained.
Standardising the management of open extremity fractures: a scoping review of national guidelines
Authors: Berner Juan Enrique , Ali Stephen R. , Will Patrick A. , Tejos Rodrigo , Nanchahal Jagdeep , Jain Abhilash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Open extremity fractures can be life-changing events. Clinical guidelines on the management of these injuries aim to standardise the care of patients by presenting evidence-based recommendations. We performed a scoping systematic review to identify all national clinical practice guidelines published to date.

Materials and methods
A PRISMA-compliant scoping systematic review was designed to identify all national or federal guidelines for the management of open fractures, with no limitations for language or publication date. EMBASE and MEDLINE database were searched. Article screening and full-text review was performed in a blinded fashion in parallel by two authors.

Results
Following elimination of duplicates, 376 individual publications were identified and reviewed. In total, 12 clinical guidelines were identified, authored by groups in the UK, USA, the Netherlands, Finland, and Malawi. Two of these focused exclusively on antibiotic prophylaxis and one on combat-related injuries, with the remaining nine presented wide-scope recommendations with significant content overlap.

Discussion
Clinical practice guidelines serve clinicians in providing evidence-based and cost-effective care. We only identified one open fractures guideline developed in a low- or middle-income country, from Malawi. Even though the development of these guidelines can be time and resource intensive, the benefits may outweigh the costs by standardising the care offered to patients in different healthcare settings. International collaboration may be an alternative for adapting guidelines to match local resources and healthcare systems for use across national borders.
Efficacy of linear multiple regression and artificial neural network for long-term rainfall forecasting in Western Australia
Authors: Khastagir Anirban , Hossain Iqbal , Anwar A. H. M. Faisal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecipitation is one of the most intrinsic resources for manifold industrial activities all over Western Australia; consequently, immaculate rainfall prediction is indispensable for flood mitigation as well as water resources management. This study investigated the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) and Linear multiple regression (LMR) analysis to forecast long-term seasonal spring rainfall in Western Australia, using lagged El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) as potential climatic phenomena. The ANN was developed in the form of multilayer perceptron using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and subsequently LMR was used with statistical significance for future spring rainfall forecast. The total climatic dataset has been divided into calibration and testing phases to determine the efficacy of the developed models. Different statistical skill tests such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Willmott index of agreement ‘d’ were used to assess the efficacy of LMR and ANN modelling. In general, LMR has lower MAE and RMSE values as compared to ANN for most of the stations during calibration and testing periods, whereas ANN models performed better than LMR models based on ‘d’ values. The overall statistical analysis paradigm suggests the efficacy of LMR over ANN models for rainfall forecasting using more climatic variables. As a result, the developed LMR model, incorporated with lagged global climate indices, will facilitate the adequate preparedness for the risks associated with potential droughts in the study region.
On the dynamic response of bi-directional functionally graded nanobeams under moving harmonic load accounting for surface effect
Authors: Attia Mohamed A. , Shanab Rabab A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the dynamic behavior of bi-directionally functionally graded (BDFG) micro/nanobeams excited by a moving harmonic load. The formulation is established in the context of the surface elasticity theory and the modified couple stress theory to incorporate the effects of surface energy and microstructure, respectively. Based on the generalized elasticity theory and the parabolic shear deformation beam theory, the nonclassical governing equations of the problem are obtained using Lagrange’s equation accounting for the physical neutral plane concept. The material properties of the beam smoothly change along both the axial and thickness directions according to power-law distribution, accounting for the gradation of the material length scale parameter and the surface parameters, i.e., residual surface stress, two surface elastic constants, and surface mass density. Using trigonometric Ritz method (TRM), the trial functions denoting transverse, axial deflections, and rotation of the cross sections of the beam are expressed in sinusoidal form. Then, with the aid of Lagrange’s equation, the system of equations of motion are derived. Finally, Newmark method is employed to find the dynamic responses of BDFG subjected to a moving harmonic load. To validate the present formulation and solution method, some comparisons of the obtained fundamental frequency and dynamic response with those available in the literature are performed. A parametric study is performed to extensively explore the impact of the key parameters such as the gradient indices in both directions, moving speed, and excitation frequency of the acting load on the dynamic response of BDFG nanobeams. The obtained results can serve as a guideline for assessing the multi-functional and optimal design of micro/nanobeams acted upon by a moving load.
Wear behavior and abrasiveness of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics after simulated mastication
Authors: Fouda Ahmed Mahmoud , Atta Osama , Kassem Amr Shebl , Desoky Mohamed , Bourauel Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the wear resistance and abrasiveness of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics.

Materials and methods
Rectangular-shaped specimens (12 mm × 6.5 mm × 1.5 mm) were sectioned from the following CAD/CAM blocks (n = 10); partially crystallized lithium disilicate (PLD), experimental fully crystallized lithium disilicate (FLD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), super-translucent monolithic zirconia (SMZ), and ultra-translucent monolithic zirconia (UMZ). Silicon carbide papers were used to mechanically flatten and polish the surfaces. PLD specimens were subjected to a combined crystallization/glazing firing cycle. Ceramic specimens were mounted to the wear device and tested for 200,000 cycles against human premolars at 20 N force and 2 mm sliding distance. Artificial saliva was used as a lubricant. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after the wear test and the generated models were overlapped to determine the volumetric tooth loss. Before and after the test, specimens’ weights and surface roughness (Ra) values were measured, and the differences were calculated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were utilized for microstructural and chemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA or an equivalent test for non-parametric results. Significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results
The type of ceramic material affected the ceramic and antagonist wear rates (P < 0.001). PLD and ZLS had the highest ceramic and antagonist wear, whereas UMZ and SMZ demonstrated the lowest wear values. The FLD group showed comparable antagonist wear and significantly less ceramic wear than PLD and ZLS.

Conclusions
Monolithic zirconia demonstrated the best wear resistance and least abrasiveness to the antagonist. The experimental lithium disilicate was more wear-resistant than other glass–ceramic groups.

Clinical relevance
Monolithic zirconia is wear-resistant and gentle on the antagonist. In contrast, glass–ceramics are more abrasive to enamel.
Tracing security requirements in industrial control systems using graph databases
Authors: Tanveer Awais , Sharma Chandan , Sinha Roopak , Kuo Matthew M. Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe must explicitly capture relationships and hierarchies between the multitude of system and security standards requirements. Current security requirements specification methods do not capture such structure effectively, making requirements management and traceability harder, consequently increasing costs and time to market for developing certified ICS. We propose a novel requirements repository model for ICS that uses labelled property graphs to structure and store system-specific and standards-based requirements using well-defined relationship types. Furthermore, we integrate the proposed requirements repository with design-time ICS tools to establish requirements traceability. A wind turbine case study illustrates the overall workflow in our framework. We demonstrate that a robust requirements traceability matrix is a natural consequence of using labelled property graphs. We also introduce a compatible requirements change management procedure that aids in adapting to changes in development and certification schemes.
Methods to alleviate the inhibition of sludge anaerobic digestion by emerging contaminants: a review
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Mohsen Mohamed , Ismail Sherif , Alhajeri Nawaf S. , Osman Ahmed I. , Rooney David W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rising occurrence of emerging contaminants in sludges both inhibits the anaerobic digestion of sludges and induces health issues when sludges are recycled in agriculture, calling for methods to remove contaminants. Here we review emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, before and after anaerobic digestion. We present their inhibitory effects and remediation methods to alleviate inhibition. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in about 50% of the sludge samples. Sewage sludge contaminants include 19% of diuretics, 16–21% of lipid-modifying agents, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac, furosemide, clarithromycin, atorvastatin, and carbamazepine. Levels of antibiotics, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and estrone range from 500 to 600 ng/g in sludges from wastewater treatment plants. Remediation methods comprise electrooxidation, ultrasonication, thermal hydrolysis, ozonation, and bioaugmentation. Fermenting the sludges with acidogenic bacteria reduces the level of emerging pollutants in the supernatant. Nonetheless, liquid digestates still contains emerging pollutants such as sunscreen octocrylene at 147 ug/L and acetaminophen at 58.6 ug/L. As a result, pretreatment of sludge containing emerging pollutants is required.
Dead-infant carrying by chimpanzee mothers in the Budongo Forest
Authors: Soldati Adrian , Fedurek Pawel , Crockford Catherine , Adue Sam , Akankwasa John Walter , Asiimwe Caroline , Asua Jackson , Atayo Gideon , Chandia Boscou , Freymann Elodie , Fryns Caroline , Muhumuza Geresomu , Taylor Derry , Zuberbühler Klaus , Hobaiter Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt has been suggested that non-human primates can respond to deceased conspecifics in ways that suggest they experience psychological states not unlike humans, some of which could indicate they exhibit a notion of death. Here, we report long-term demographic data from two East African chimpanzee groups. During a combined 40-year observation period, we recorded 191 births of which 68 died in infancy, mostly within the first year. We documented the post-mortem behaviour of the mothers and describe nine occasions where Budongo chimpanzee mothers carried infants for 1–3 days after their death, usually until the body started to decompose. We also observed three additional cases of extended carrying lasting for more than 2 weeks, one of which was followed by the unusual extended carrying of an object and another which lasted 3 months. In each case, the corpses mummified. In addition, we report four instances of recurring dead-infant carrying by mothers, three of whom carried the corpse for longer during the second instance. We discuss these observations in view of functional hypotheses of dead-infant carrying in primates and the potential proximate mechanisms involved in this behaviour.