bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective behavioural strategies of Belgian young adults who use psychoactive medicines nonmedically: insights for harm reduction
Authors: Bawin Frédérique , Pardal Mafalda , Tieberghien Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The increase in the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) has become a global health concern. Evidence shows that people who use psychoactive substances employ different strategies to minimise the harmful consequences of their use. However, most of the research investigating these protective behaviours focusses on the use of illicit drugs or alcohol. The goal of this paper is to improve the understanding of young adults’ nonmedical use practices of prescription drugs, perceptions about risks associated with use, and protective behavioural strategies (PBS), including the type of information they consult and rely on regarding prescription drugs. In order to gather in-depth insights into these issues, we conducted semi-structured interviews among young adults who have used prescription drugs nonmedically in Belgium. The PBS employed by the young adults encompass a spectrum of strategies that aim to minimise the negative consequences associated with NMUPD. They were mainly used to avoid acute side effects and long-term negative consequences. Reflecting on young adults’ own PBS and perceptions may be informative for developing harm reduction initiatives in the context of NMUPD.
Survey of knowledge and attitude regarding induced abortion among nurses in a tertiary hospital in Thailand after amendment of the abortion act: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Santibenchakul Somsook , Sinthuchai Natchanika , Rothmanee Penkae , Meevasana Vorachart , Rongkapich Ratthapong , Poolkumlung Rada , Saro Saowanee , Jaisamrarn Unnop 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The abortion act in Thailand is approximately 60 years old. However, because of increasing problems due to unsafe abortions, the act was recently amended to accord a legal status for abortions. In the southernmost provinces of Thailand, most people follow the Islamic faith, according to which induced abortion is a sin for both the providers and the pregnant women. This may affect the attitude of medical staff, such as registered nurses, who play an important role in abortion services. Our study aims to evaluate the knowledge of the amended abortion act, attitude toward abortions and the intentions behind them, and willingness to perform abortions among registered nurses.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to February 2022, wherein a self-administrated questionnaire was electronically distributed to 450 registered nurses practicing at a tertiary hospital in the southernmost province of Thailand. Linear regression analysis and Fisher’s exact test were conducted to evaluate the association between basic characteristics, knowledge score, and attitude toward induced abortion. Results: A total of 375 nurses (83.3%) completed the survey. Most participants were Muslim (58.9%), and 18.7% of them correctly answered >80% of the knowledge questions. Among all the participants, 41.4% had a favorable attitude toward induced abortion, of which 21.3% were willing to provide safe abortion services. Knowledge scores were independently associated with practicing in obstetrics-gynecology departments and lower age. Participants practicing Buddhism and having good knowledge scores tended to have favorable attitudes toward abortion.Conclusions: Nurses in the southernmost province of Thailand lack knowledge regarding the amended abortion act and do not have a favorable moral attitude toward abortion. Favorable attitudes toward abortions, support toward intentions behind abortions, and willingness to provide abortion services were all lesser among the Muslim participants than the Buddhist participants. Compared with participants who scored less, those with higher knowledge scores had a better moral attitude toward abortion, who in turn demonstrated a greater intention to provide abortion services. Encouraging nurses to gain better knowledge may improve their attitude toward abortion, which may positively influence future medical practices.
Rare ectopic thyroid as bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tan Jianfeng , Kuang Jun , Li Yong , Wang Ruian , Hu Shan , Guo Quanwei , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of ectopic thyroid tissue is 1 in every 100,000 to 300,000 persons in the general population, and ectopic thyroid in the bilateral lung lobes is even rarer. Due to its rarity, there is no definitive or standard guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules.Case presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with multiple pulmonary nodules in her lung lobes bilaterally, and the patient had a history of hyperthyroidism but had no symptoms of ectopic thyroid tissue. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated multiple solid nodules in both lungs, and the largest nodule (sized 15 x 14 mm) was located in segment 5 of the upper-left lung. The initial diagnosis based on imaging was metastatic malignancies. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple intrapulmonary nodules in the lung lobes bilaterally that had slightly increased metabolism (SUVmax 1.7). The largest pulmonary nodule and another nodule in the left lung were resected by video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS). The pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations confirmed a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue. No postoperative adjuvant therapy was given, and the patient was discharged 3 days after the operation and had regular follow-up examinations.Conclusion: The diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lung lobes bilaterally is excessively difficult and should be considered carefully. PET-CT and surgical resection of the intrapulmonary nodule are new options for clinicians to diagnose ectopic thyroid tissue. Regular follow-up is needed postoperatively.
Potential influence of anaesthesia techniques on the recurrence and progression after resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Xue Ruifeng , Zhao Chongxi , Chen Dongtai , Wang Peizong , Xing Wei , Zeng Weian , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system. Many patients relapse after transurethral resection surgery. Different anaesthesia techniques may influence a patient’s immune system during the perioperative time. Here, we studied the effects of different anaesthesia techniques on the prognosis of primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection surgery. Methods: From 2008 to 2017, a total of 926 patients suffered primary nonmuscle invasive bladder and accepted transurethral resection of bladder tumour surgery for the first time. They were divided into two groups based on the techniques that were used. The general anaesthesia group contained 662 patients, who received propofol, opioid drugs (fentanyl family), non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, and sevoflurane, and the epidural anaesthesia group contained 264 patients, who had an epidural catheter placed in the L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace with a combination of lidocaine and ropivacaine or bupivacaine. We studied the influence factors that could affect prognosis and compared the recurrence-free survival time and the progression of the two groups.Results: The differences between the two groups in recurrence rate and progression rate were not statistically significant. Progression-free survival time of epidural anaesthesia group was longer. Multivariate regression analysis showed that anaesthesia techniques were not independent influencing factors for recurrence and progression. Conclusions: In this study, it was not found that anaesthesia techniques could influence the recurrence or progression of patients with primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder tumour.
Virgin Coconut Oil Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-like Behaviors: Integrating Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Mechanism Evaluation
Authors: wang xiwu , Wu Qian , Miao Xuemeng , Lv Zhaoting , Miao Shuangda , Lu Yi , Fan Yiren , Li Xiuchun , Fang Yuanyuan , pan xuyi , chen Zirun , Wang Hui , Wang Ying , Li Jia , huang zhihui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The depression is a mental disease that seriously affects the quality of life. It has complex pathophysiological characteristics, including neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a natural food that has been found to have remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. To further test the effects and mechanisms of VCO on depression based on the network pharmacological analysis and depression-like rat model, we found that VCO-treatment alleviated the depression-like behaviors, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and reduced the loss of neurons in hippocampus, which may be due to decrease the apoptosis of neurons. Mechanically, network pharmacological analysis and western blotting showed that VCO might exert neuroprotective effects by activating Protein Kinase B (AKT)-related pathway. Taken together, our results identify unrecognized functions of VCO in depression, and further explore the underlying mechanism of depression.
Extraction, characterization, and fabrication of cellulose biopolymer sheets from Pistia stratiotes as a biodegradative coating material: An unique strategy for the conversion of invasive weeds into value-added products
Authors: Umesh Mridul , Santhosh Adhithya Sankar , Thazeem Basheer , Shanmugam Sabarathinam , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) was used in the study to extract cellulose biopolymer. Cellulose extraction was carried out by alkali treatment followed by bleaching. Different methods for extraction of cellulose were carried out and the method which gave high yield was selected. Functional properties like bulk density, packed density, hydrated density, water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity and setting volume of the extracted cellulose were studied. Quantitative analysis of cellulose was carried out by the anthrone method and the cellulose content was found to be 38.94 ± 0.10%. Preliminary confirmation of cellulose biopolymer was done using the study of functional groups using FT-IR analysis. Further characterization studies like SEM, XRD, DSC and TGA were done to understand the molecular architecture and purity of cellulose extracted. Fabrication of cellulose sheets were carried out using starch as plasticizer. Biodegradation studies were carried out in garden soil for four weeks and a high degradation rate of 78.22 ± 0.71% was observed in the fourth week of soil burial.
Novel Silver Amoxicillin Nano-Structure Preparation by Gamma Irradiation with Outstanding Bactericidal Activity against Multidrug Resistant Enterobacteriacea Isolates
Authors: El-Batal Ahmed Ibrahim , Menofy Nagwan Gammal. El , Abdel-Wahab Fatema Bahaa El-Din , Mosallam Farag Marzouk , Abdulall Abeer Khairy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriacea bacteria have been reported as one of the most rising problem worldwide that require exploration for new antimicrobials. Amoxicillin Nano-structure (Ag-Amox-Ns) with an antibiotic can synergistically inhibit the drug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the current study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of novel synthesized Silver Amoxicillin Nano-structure (Ag-Amox-Ns) using Gamma-irradiation against MDR Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. Aqueous dispersed Silver Amoxicillin Nano-structure (Ag-Amox-Ns) were synthesized using silver ion (Ag+ 2) as precursor, amoxicillin (Amox.) as stabilizing agent and gamma irradiation as reducing agent. The synthesized Ag-Amox-Ns are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The morphology and the particles size and shape of Ag-Amox-Ns were estimated by TEM images, the mean size of Ag-Amox-Ns (45nm), XRD analysis of the Ag-Amox-Ns confirmed the formation of metallic nanoparticles. The nucleation and growth mechanism of Ag-Amox-Ns is also discussed. The size of nanoparticles is influenced by certain parameters such as the choice of stabilizer and silver ion concentration and absorbed dose. Antimicrobial activity of novel synthesized Ag-Amox-Ns against MDR Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates was detrmined by standard microbiological assays. The MDR isolates include Klebsiella spp. (37.1%), Escherichia coli (35.2%) and Proteus spp. (27.7%). The fold increase % of Ag-Amox-Ns by disk diffusion assay was ranged from 66.6 to 316.6 for all tested isolates, furthermore novel conjugate decreased MICs for all strains. The MIC of amoxicillin decreased from more than 250 µg/ml to reach 7.812 µg/ml for 35% of MDR Klebsiella spp. and 47% of MDR E. coli isolates while it reached 3.906 for 40% of MDR Proteus spp. Ag-Amox-Ns is novel compound give promising inhibitory effect against MDR Enterobacteriaceae providing additional treatment options, and enables the use of inexpensive and unused antibiotics in combating bacterial resistance problem.
CFD Analysis for wind flow characteristics of varying cross section tall building using ANSYS
Authors: Raj Ritu , Rukhaiyar Ark , Jayant Bhagya , Dahiya Kunal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tall buildings are being developed at rapid rates owing to the need for optimization of space for increasing urban crawl. Tall buildings having simple cross – sections are designed using IS 875 (Part 3) – 2015, however there is a lack of set of codal provisions for complex cross – section shapes. This study has been undertaken to interpret the wind flow characteristics of an isolated tall building (Model A) utilizing CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and k - ɛ turbulence model in ANSYS: CFX (Analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics program). Model A is 192 m in height having two types of cross sections – plus and square; each of height 96 m. Wind of intensity 10 m/s is incident on it at four incidence wind angles 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. Pressure contours obtained on simulation indicate that for incident wind angles 0° and 90°, all lateral faces of the Model A (proposed design model) show similar pressure impact. Whereas, for incident wind angles 30° and 60°, wind ward faces (A and C) show decreased pressure impact with respect to 0° case. Vertical streamlines depict a recirculation zone at one – third the height of Model A for incident wind angle, 30°. Whereas, horizontal streamlines indicate the occurrence of vortex formation in the wake region of the building for incident wind angles, 0° and 90°.
Eating-related problems as effect of social media usage and the association with resilience and parental relationship
Authors: Carriker Nicholas , Hongsanguansri Sirichai , Pavasuthipaisit Chosita , Kiatrungrit Komsan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies have found negative effects of social media on mental health. Others have studied the effects on eating-related problems. A few studies investigated the association between resilience and adolescent-parent relationship and these negative effects. So, the objective of this study is to study the association between the negative effects of body image focused social media use, and weight, body image and eating behaviors, and their association with resilience and adolescent-parent relationship. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted with a sample of 495 students from three schools in Bangkok. Students answered an online questionnaire comprised of age, sex, height/weight, body image focused social media usage, Body-esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, Eating Attitudes Test, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment for Children, and the Thai Resilience Quotient.Results: Mean (SD) age was 17.06 (0.805), with 307 female participants (62%). Time spent on social media was found to be associated with increased risk of being overweight and binging. Body image focused social media usage (BSMU) was associated with increased risk of inappropriate eating attitudes/behaviors. Higher resilience and adolescent-parent relationship were found to act as protective factors against binging and being in the overweight group.Conclusion: Body image focused social media usage was associated with inappropriate eating attitudes and behavior. Findings also suggest that higher resilience and adolescent-parent relationship can lower the risk of eating related problems. The effectiveness of resilience and parent-child relationship improvement programs should be explored to help protect against eating problems.
Prognostic value of CYBB as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma by TCGA and clinical validation
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Han Di , Zheng Yuan hang , lin Yi , Yang Chunqing , Yang Lun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) causes high morbidity and mortality; therefore, early diagnosis is essential. In recent years, rapid increases in high-throughput sequencing technologies’ efficiency and the continuous improvement of comprehensive online databases have facilitated the study of the genomic changes that affect tumor progression and the identification of tumor biomarkers; Therefore, we hope to find out the genes that may affect the progression and prognosis of LUAD. In this study, we used CIBERSORT and Estimate computing methods to analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, including the analysis of the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIC) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cox regression analysis of differentially expressed genes, and cross analysis of protein interaction networks (PPI). We found that Cytochrome b-245 beta chain (CYBB), an indispensable gene in the immune system, also plays a vital role in lung cancer pathogenesis. Meanwhile, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and IHC were used to verify the down-regulation of CYBB expression in LUAD patients. Reduced CYBB expression occurs in patients with lung cancer, indicating that it may be a valuable biomarker and facilitate early diagnosis.
An Evaluation of Vegetation Loss Due to Super Typhoon Sarika in Hainan Island of China
Authors: Xiao Fengjin , Qiufeng Liu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the aggravation of global climate change, various extreme climate events have become increasingly prominent. Super typhoon is the most disastrous event that causes severe loss to the economy, agriculture, transportation, communication, and ecosystem in coastal regions. Super typhoon severely impacts ecosystem structure and function and even leads to ecosystem degradation. In the current study, we assessed the impact of a super typhoon Sarika on vegetation in the tropical landscape of Hainan Island. The super typhoon Sarika that hit Hainan Island on 18 October 2016 lasted for 15 h and was the most severe typhoon affecting Hainan Island in October since 1970. The coastal land around Hainan Island generally faced gales with a wind speed of 35 m/s (maximum wind speed of 46.1 m/s), causing severe agriculture, forestry, and the social economy. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the super typhoon Sarika on vegetation by performing NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) difference analysis using MODIS multi- temporal images acquired before and after the typhoon. The assessment of typhoons depends on the land use types, landscape topography of slope, aspect, and altitude. The results indicated that the super typhoon Sarika seriously hit forestry, agriculture, shrubs, plantations, and orchards in Hainan Island. Overall, 79% of vegetation exhibited a negative change, whereas only 21% of vegetation exhibited a positive change in NDVI after the super typhoon Sarika. Agriculture (including dry land and paddy field agriculture) was most severely damaged by the typhoon, where more than 81% of areas exhibited a decrease in NDVI, followed by plantations and orchards, where 77% of areas exhibited a decrease in NDVI. Additionally, the damage to vegetation due to typhoons was affected by abiotic factors such as altitude, slope, and aspect. Our study reported that damage due to the super typhoon was associated with land cover types, altitude, aspect, and slope. In low altitude plain and coastal areas, NDVI decreased more in this super typhoon Sarika, consistent with the distribution of typhoon gale. Additionally, the current study demonstrated that MODIS images with a spatial resolution of 250 m could rapidly evaluate quantitative and accurate vegetation damage from the macro scale.
Clinical characteristics, socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 were associated with delayed surgery in children with hypospadias: a retrospective study of 4439 cases in a single center
Authors: Bai Gaochen , Liang Feng , Zhao Tianxin , Deng Fuming , Fu Kai , Chen Xiong , Li Zhongmin , Zhang Liyu , Jia Wei , Fu Wen , Liu Guochang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital diseases of the genitourinary system in children. The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines recommend that children undergoing hypospadias surgery should be between 6-18 months. In China, where many children have hypospadias, it remains unknown whether clinical characteristics, socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 were associated with delayed surgery in children with hypospadias.Methods We retrospectively analyzed children with hypospadias who underwent primary surgery at the Department of Pediatric Urology in Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center between January 2010 and October 2021. Patients who had two-stage surgery or a second round of surgery due to complications were excluded to eliminate data duplication. The clinical characteristics and demographic information were collected. We defined delayed surgery as primary surgery performed after 18 months following the EAU guideline.Results A total of 4439 children diagnosed with hypospadias were included in the study. The median age (29.1±16.7 months) of surgery for hypospadias in our study was much higher than the recommended age reported in the EAU guidelines, and 76.6% of the children underwent surgery after the age of 18 months. Children without comorbidities including cryptorchidism (odds ratio [OR]=1.562; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.199-2.034; p=0.001), prostatic cyst (OR=2.613; 95% CI 1.579-4.324; p<0.001), penile hypoplasia (OR=1.778; 95% CI 1.225-2.580; p=0.002), inguinal hernia (OR=2.070; 95% CI 1.394-3.075; p<0.001), and penoscrotal transposition (OR=4.125; 95% CI 1.250-13.619; p=0.020) were more likely to receive delayed surgery. Living in a low economic area (OR=1.731; 95% CI 1.068-2.806; p=0.026) or not close to a main medical center (OR=1.580; 95% CI 1.370-1.824; p<0.001) was highly associated with delayed surgery. The proportion of children undergoing delayed surgery and the median age of surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly higher than those before the COVID-19 pandemic (p=0.004 and < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions Most children with hypospadias received delayed surgery (surgical age >18 months). Comorbidities, living in a low economic area, too far from a major city medical center and the COVID-19 pandemic were also highly associated with delayed surgery. It is vital to improve the public awareness of hypospadias and strengthen the re-education of primary community doctors to reduce delayed surgery. Trial registration Not applicable.