bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Braiding Liberation Discourses: Dialectical, Civic and Disjunctive Views about Resistance and Violence
Authors: Allard-Tremblay Yann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article puts three discourses about resistance and violence, coming from two distinct settler colonial contexts, in conversation, to highlight a distinctive theory of change associated with contemporary Indigenous movements. The first, from South Africa, can be seen in the writings of Nelson Mandela. It offers a dialectical view of resistance, where the oppressor sets the terms of the confrontation and where violence is allowable in the pursuit of change. The second discourse can be seen in the writings of James Tully and offers a theoretical bridge between the first and the third. It focuses on civic citizenship as a nonviolent engagement with terms of governance. The third can be seen in the writings of Indigenous theorists whose work focuses on resurgence. It offers a disjunctive theory of change that centres transgression and prefigurative practices. The conclusion of the article braids these discourses to discuss how they both converge and diverge.
Characterization of totally geodesic foliations with integrable and parallelizable normal bundle
Authors: da Silva Euripedes C. , Souza David C. , Reis Fernando P.P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study foliations of arbitrary codimension
$\mathfrak{F}$
with integrable normal bundles on complete Riemannian manifolds. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for
$\mathfrak{F}$
to be totally geodesic. For this, we introduce a special number
$\mathfrak{G}_{\mathfrak{F}}^{\alpha}$
that measures when the foliation ceases to be totally geodesic. Furthermore, applying some maximum principle we deduce geometric properties for
$\mathfrak{F}$
. We conclude with a geometrical version of Novikov’s theorem (Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. (1965), 268–304), for Riemannian compact manifolds of arbitrary dimension.
Flooded Through the Back Door: The Role of Bank Capital in Local Shock Spillovers
Authors: Rehbein Oliver , Ongena Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates that low bank capital carries a negative externality because it amplifies local shock spillovers. We exploit a natural disaster that is transmitted to firms in nondisaster areas via their banks. Firms connected to a strongly disaster-exposed bank with lowest-quartile capitalization significantly reduce their total borrowing by 6.6% and tangible assets by 6.9% compared to similar firms connected to a well-capitalized bank. These findings translate to negative regional effects on GDP and unemployment. Additionally, following a disaster event, banks reduce their exposure to currently unaffected but generally disaster-prone areas.
Affixal rivalry and its purely semantic resolution among English derived adjectives
Authors: NAGANO AKIKO 
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to fill in a long missing piece in the paradigmatic word-formation research: a set of rival affixes whose members are differentiated in meaning. We argue that such a set can be found in English derivational adjectivalization, in the affixal rivalry between the adjectivalizing suffixes-edand-y.Using the traditional method of doublet comparison (Aronoff 1976, 2020), we reveal that adjectives of the formXedand those of the formXy(Xstanding for the source word) differ in the scale type.Xedadjectives are closed-scale adjectives, butXyadjectives are totally open-scale adjectives. The scale-type difference explains whyXedadjectives combine with certain degree modifiers, whereasXyadjectives do not. Furthermore, we show that the rival affixes are doubly differentiated in the deverbal domain in terms of the said output scale type and the input base selection. In this domain, the major sources of the closed-scale-edadjectives and the open-scale-yadjectives are result and manner verbs, respectively.
New cytogenetic data on Caryophyllaeus laticeps and Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, parasites of evolutionary interest
Authors: Orosová Martina , Marková Anna , Marec František , Barčák Daniel , Brázová Timea , Oros Mikuláš 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCaryophyllideans are intestinal parasites of freshwater fishes, occupying a basal position among the ‘true’ tapeworms. We performed detailed cytogenetic analyses of the well-known caryophyllidean species Caryophyllaeus laticeps. For comparison, we also examined for the first time the chromosomes of Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, a specific parasite of loaches in China. Both species showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20, n = 10m. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining performed for the first time in the class Cestoda revealed CMA3+/DAPI− bands in the pericentromeric regions of the short arms of chromosome pair no. 7 in the karyotype of C. laticeps. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the 18S rDNA probe confirmed the presence of a single cluster of major rDNA near the centromere on a pair of small chromosomes in both species. These findings support the hypothesis that the ancestral state in the family Caryophyllaeidae is a single interstitial cluster of major rDNA genes and thus one nucleolar organizer region per haploid genome. Our results, which we presented together with literature data plotted on a phylogenetic tree, show stability of caryophyllidean karyotypes at the genus level, but showed differences between genera without a clear phylogenetic signal. The data allowed us to at least formulate a hypothesis about the ancestral haploid chromosome number of n = 10 for the family Caryophyllaeidae and possibly for the sister family Capingentidae. In addition, we compared two populations of C. laticeps from water bodies with different levels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination, showing a slightly increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities at the contaminated site.
Messaging, policy and “credible” votes: do members of Congress vote differently when policy is on the line?
Authors: Gray Thomas R. , Jenkins Jeffery A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany recorded roll calls in Congress each year are votes on bills that have no chance of becoming law, or are purely symbolic, or are procedural without policy content. Yet models of voting and measurement models of member preferences make assumptions that vote choices are largely about utility derived from policies. We consider the possibility that votes plausibly connected to policy and votes not plausibly connected to policy may have different data-generating processes and rely on different utility functions. Substantively, similarity across different contexts for policy change implies an importance of messaging over policy. Methodologically, similarity across these contexts is necessary to avoid biasing estimates of member preferences. We find that members’ voting patterns are highly stable across contexts in which policy change is credible and not credible. This indicates that existing measures of ideal points are likely not dramatically biased by the inclusion of policy-irrelevant votes.
Producing Scientific Motherhood: State-led Neoliberal Modernization and Nannies' Subjectivity in Contemporary China
Authors: Su Yihui , Ni Anni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper uses the perspective of “state-led neoliberal modernization” to explore the collusion of the state and the market in the construction of scientific motherhood and its effect on rural nannies in China. It claims that the state and the market work together to shape rural nannies’ modern subjectivity in the neoliberal economy through the commercial training programme of scientific motherhood. Based on a case study in Shanghai, this paper argues that the training for scientific motherhood attempts to transform rural women into modern care workers through two mechanisms: reconstructing recognition and mobilizing emotion. Rather than passively receiving the training, nannies use their agency to adjust the knowledge and practice of scientific motherhood to suit their complicated working situation. Their strategies include deploying scientific knowledge flexibly and instrumentally, practising self-restraint in limited intimacy, and paying attention to their own familial investment.
The importance of biodiversity risks
Authors: Jones A. , Allison R. , Bedenham G. , Bharadwa B. , Clyde J. , Darsley A. , Spencer N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper highlights the urgent need for actuaries to take into account the importance, perils and impacts of global biodiversity risks. The Biodiversity and Natural Capital Working Party has been set up to take forward a series of activities including think pieces, webinars and external engagement to ensure our proactive engagement with these risks.
Introduction to biodiversity valuation tools
Authors: Allison R. , Sindhu S. , Konwar P. , Naidoo L. , Yu L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates potential biodiversity valuation tools which actuaries could use in their work. It is an initial research paper into a selection of UK-based biodiversity valuation tools identified by the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs in its publication “Enabling a Natural Capital Approach Guidance”. The “Enabling a Natural Capital Approach Guidance” publication is seen as a comprehensive practical guide to natural capital and therefore is determined a sensible starting point on which to base this research. This research paper is not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of all biodiversity tools available, but rather is intended to identify a selection of tools which may be candidates for further research into their actuarial use case. We conclude that there are tools which merit additional research, and we recommend that these tools be further investigated to understand (i) the specific actuarial use case(s), (ii) whether the tools are applicable to direct infrastructure investments only or a broad range of asset classes, and (iii) whether their scope can be extended beyond the UK.
A Multivariate Scaling System Is Essential to Characterize the Tropical Cyclones' Risk
Authors: Alipour Atieh , Yarveysi Farnaz , Moftakhari Hamed , Song Jae Yeol , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current Tropical Cyclones (TCs) scaling system, Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), characterizes the hazardousness of these events solely based on wind speed. This is despite the fact that TCs are classic examples of compound hazards during which multiple hazard drivers that are wind, storm surge, and intense rainfall interact and yield in impacts greater than the sum of individuals. Studies have shown that people's decision to evacuate is highly related to the estimated SSHWS category. Thus, the current SSHWS ‐based classification of TCs yields an underestimation of the hazardousness of TCs and so may misguide the threatened communities. Here, we propose a new scaling system that uses Copulas for categorizing TCs based on the likelihood of a given set of severity for rainfall, surge, and wind speed. We use a variety of data sources to obtain the timing and intensity of wind speed, rainfall along the track, and the associated maximum surge for 102 TCs that have made landfall in the United States' Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1979 and 2020. Comparing the outputs of our scaling system with official damage reporting for the costliest TCs in the history of the United States, we show that the proposed approach significantly improves TC hazard communication and can be useful for informing decision makers and emergency responders.
Differential Rotation in Jupiter's Interior Revealed by Simultaneous Inversion for the Magnetic Field and Zonal Flux Velocity
Authors: Bloxham Jeremy , Moore Kimberly M. , Kulowski Laura , Cao Hao , Yadav Rakesh K. , Stevenson David J. , Connerney John E. P. , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA key objective of the current Juno mission (Bolton et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2108) is the direct determination of the secular variation (time dependency) of Jupiter's internal magnetic field in order to further understand the dynamics of Jupiter's interior. Here, we find that the residuals to a static, baseline model of the magnetic field are consistent with the effects of secular variation, specifically secular variation arising from zonal drift of the field. We present a technique for simultaneously inverting for the main magnetic field and secular variation due to zonal drift of the field. We explore the required drift systematically and argue that although the drift is dominated by a prograde super‐rotation, corresponding to approximately 1 part in 106 relative to System IIIa (1965), there is also evidence for differential drift of the field. We compare the resultant secular variation with that determined by Moore et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0772-5) and Connerney et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007055) and find good agreement. This suggests that the drift rate of Jupiter's magnetic field is steady over time periods of several decades, though short period secular variation (such as that resulting from torsional oscillations) superimposed on this steady secular variation is still possible.
Wind‐Enhanced Hydrogen Escape on Mars
Authors: Gu Hao , Cui Jun , Huang Xu , Sun Mingyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen escape is a metric of water loss on Mars, which controls the long‐term evolution of the planet. While the Jeans formulism has been traditionally used to evaluate hydrogen escape on Mars, here we propose that this escape could be significantly enhanced by horizontal winds near the exobase. The enhancement reaches 20% for H and 100% for H2, and presents solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations well correlated with the variations of the horizontal wind velocity. Physically, the enhancement is driven by the departure of the particle velocity distribution from ideal Maxwellian and is critically controlled by the Mach number as the ratio of the horizontal wind velocity to the thermal velocity. A larger Mach number (due to a larger wind velocity, a lower temperature, a larger particle mass, or any combination of the three) implies a stronger degree of departure and consequently more enhanced escape over the Jeans case.
Rainbow of the Night: First Direct Observation of a SAR Arc Evolving Into STEVE
Authors: Martinis C. , Griffin I. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Wroten J. , Nishimura Y. , Baumgardner J. , Knudsen D. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin (45.95°S, 170.32°E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral red (SAR) arc evolving into a thin white‐mauve arc, known as Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE). An all‐sky imager at the Mount John Observatory (43.99°S, 170.46°E), 200 km north of Dunedin, detected an extremely bright arc in 630.0 nm, with a peak of ∼6 kR, colocated with the arc measured at Dunedin at an assumed height of 425 km. Swarm satellite data measured plasma parameters that showed strong subauroral ion drift signatures when the SAR arc was observed. These conditions intensified to extremely high values in a thinner channel when STEVE was present. Our results highlight the fast evolution of plasma properties and their effects on optical emissions. Current theories and models are unable to reproduce or explain these observations.
Butene Emissions From Coastal Ecosystems May Contribute to New Particle Formation
Authors: Giorio Chiara , Doussin Jean‐François , D’Anna Barbara , Mas Sébastien , Filippi Daniele , Denjean Cyrielle , Mallet Marc Daniel , Bourrianne Thierry , Burnet Frédéric , Cazaunau Mathieu , Chikwililwa Chibo , Desboeufs Karine , Feron Anaïs , Michoud Vincent , Namwoonde Andreas , Andreae Meinrat O. , Piketh Stuart J. , Formenti Paola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarine ecosystems are important drivers of the global climate system. They emit volatile species into the atmosphere, involved in complex reaction cycles that influence the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Sea spray and marine biogenic aerosols affect Earth's climate by scattering solar radiation and controlling cloud microphysical properties. Here we show larger than expected marine biogenic emissions of butenes, three orders of magnitude higher than dimethyl sulfide, produced by the coastal part of the Benguela upwelling system, one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. We show that these emissions may contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere within the marine boundary layer through production of Criegee intermediates that oxidize SO2 to H2SO4. Butene emissions from the marine biota may affect air quality and climate through ozone, secondary organic aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei formation even in pristine regions of the world. Our results indicate a potentially important role of butene emissions in marine particle formation that requires investigation in other regions.
Significant Difference of the Summertime Eastward Jet Enhancement in the South China Sea During the El Niño Developing Summers of 1982 and 1997
Authors: Sun Yan , Lan Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe interannual variation of the South China Sea (SCS) summertime eastward jet (SEJ) contributes to the regional climate and ecology. Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data set, this study conducts a case analysis of SEJ in the SCS during two El Niño developing years, 1982 and 1997. In both years, the summer‐mean circulation presented a stronger SEJ with an obvious dipole pattern; however, the enhancement of SEJ was significantly weaker in 1997 than that in 1982. The reasons for enhanced SEJ and the difference of the enhancement magnitude (e.g., 256% and 52%) between 1982 and 1997 are explored. The climatological summer‐mean southwesterly wind stress is strongest in the middle SCS and decreases northward and southward (i.e., an arch‐shaped structure), forming a wind stress curl field conducive to the generation of SEJ. There is a low‐level anticyclonic anomaly during El Niño developing summer, with its northern flank enhancing the SCS monsoon. However, the structures of wind anomaly in the SCS are different in 1982 and 1997, which may relate to the earlier or later development of El Niño events modulated by the eastward migration of Madden‐Julian oscillation. In 1982, the northern flank of the anomalous anticyclone strengthened the climatological arch‐shaped structure, effectively enhancing the wind stress curls and SEJ. Whereas, in 1997, the northward deviation of the northern flank weakened the arch‐shaped structure north of 11°N, reduced the positive wind stress curl around 11°N–14.2°N, and caused the weaker enhancement of SEJ in 1997 than in 1982.
Concentrations and Yields of Total Hg and MeHg in Large Boreal Rivers Linked to Water and Wetland Coverage in the Watersheds
Authors: Fink‐Mercier Caroline , Lapierre Jean‐François , Amyot Marc , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge rivers are major contributors of mercury (Hg) fluxes to the ocean, as they integrate processes of loading and loss occurring at the watershed level. Stream‐scale studies have revealed that specific landscape properties, such as wetlands or lakes, are hotspots for Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) loading, sinks and transformation, but we still do not know how they operate at the whole network scale and over large geographic gradients. In this study, we evaluate how landscape metrics are related to riverine concentrations and yields of total Hg and MeHg in 18 large boreal rivers draining watersheds ranging from 44 to 209,453 km2, distributed along a 650 km latitudinal transect in the James Bay region of Québec. Our analyses of landscape metrics using elastic net models and mixed models reinforce the role of wetlands as sources of MeHg, but further show that surface coverage of water in the watershed is the major driver of both Hg and MeHg concentrations and fluxes at the whole network scale. Our findings also demonstrate that seasonality modulates the relationship between landscape properties and Hg forms. Based on hydrologic data, we additionally estimate annual fluxes for the whole Eastern James Bay to 441 kg Hg and 14.6 kg MeHg, and average landscape yield to 1.24 g Hg km−2 y−1 and 0.041 g MeHg km−2 y−1. Our study provides tools to broadly predict riverine Hg concentrations and fluxes with only a few easily accessible landscape metrics, which were shown to be better predictors than physico‐chemical variables.
Shared genomic architectures of COVID-19 and antisocial behavior
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Tielbeek Jorim J. , Boutwell Brian B. ,   Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the genetics of norm violation and aggression in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To investigate this, we used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies and linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate a matrix of genetic correlations (rgs) for antisocial behavior (ASB), COVID-19, and various health and behavioral traits. After false-discovery rate correction, ASB was genetically correlated with COVID-19 (rg = 0.51; P = 1.54E-02) and 19 other traits. ASB and COVID-19 were both positively genetically correlated with having a noisy workplace, doing heavy manual labor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and genitourinary diseases. ASB and COVID-19 were both inversely genetically correlated with average income, education years, healthspan, verbal reasoning, lifespan, cheese intake, and being breastfed as a baby. But keep in mind that rgs are not necessarily causal. And, if causal, their prevailing directions of effect (which causes which) are indiscernible from rgs alone. Moreover, the SNP-heritability ($$h_g^2$$

h

g

2

) estimates for two measures of COVID-19 were very small, restricting the overlap of genetic variance in absolute terms between ASB and COVID-19. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that those with antisocial tendencies possibly have a higher risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than those without antisocial tendencies. This may have been especially true early in the pandemic before vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were available and before the emergence of the highly transmissible Omicron variant.
Associations of plasma angiostatin and amyloid-β and tau levels in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Ren Jun-Rong , Jian Jie-Ming , He Chen-Yang , Xu Man-Yu , Zeng Gui-Hua , Tan Cheng-Rong , Shen Ying-Ying , Jin Wang-Sheng , Chen Dong-Wan , Li Hui-Yun , Yi Xu , Zhang Yuan , Bu Xian-Le , Wang Yan-Jiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAngiostatin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor generated by the proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen, was recently reported to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether there are pathological changes in angiostatin levels in individuals with AD dementia is unclear, and whether plasma angiostatin has a relationship with major AD pathological processes and cognitive impairment remains unknown. To examine plasma angiostatin levels in patients with AD dementia and investigate the associations of angiostatin with blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 35 cognitively normal control (CN) subjects and 59 PiB-PET-positive AD dementia patients. We found that plasma angiostatin levels were decreased in AD dementia patients compared to CN subjects. Plasma angiostatin levels were negatively correlated with plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in AD dementia patients and positively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau) levels and t-tau/Aβ42 in AD dementia patients with APOE-ε4. In addition, plasma angiostatin levels had the potential to distinguish AD from CN. These findings suggest a link between angiostatin and AD pathogenesis and imply that angiostatin might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.