bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEFTSec: Networked federation testbed for cyber‐physical security of smart grid: Architecture, applications, and evaluation
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Govindarasu Manimaran , Porschet Donald , Shaffer Edward , Berman Morris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs today's power grid is evolving into a densely interconnected cyber‐physical system (CPS), a high fidelity and multifaceted testbed environment is needed to perform cybersecurity experiments in a realistic grid environment. Traditional standalone CPS testbeds lack the ability to emulate complex cyber‐physical interdependencies between multiple smart grid domains in a real‐time environment. Therefore, there are ongoing research and development (R&D) efforts to develop an interconnected CPS testbed by sharing geographically dispersed testbed resources to perform distributed simulation while analysing simulation fidelity. This paper presents a networked federation testbed for cybersecurity evaluation of today's and emerging smart grid environments. Specifically, it presents two novel testbed architectures, including cyber federation and cyber‐physical federation, identifies R&D applications, and also describes testbed building blocks with experimental case studies. It also presents a novel co‐simulation interface algorithm to facilitate distributed simulation within cyber‐physical federation. The resources available at the PowerCyber CPS security testbed at Iowa State University (ISU) and the US Army Research Laboratory are utilised to develop this platform for performing multiple experimental case studies pertaining to wide‐area protection and control applications in power system. Finally, experimental results are presented to analyse the simulation fidelity and real‐time performance of the testbed federation.
Modelling and control of central air‐conditioning loads for power system emergency frequency control
Authors: Liu Meng , Tian Yuyang , Cheng Dingyi , Zhang Yan , Ding Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe physical model as well as the corresponding parameter identification method of central air conditioning load is proposed in this paper, based on which emergency control strategy of central air conditioning is designed to participate in emergency frequency control after the sudden large power loss in receiving end grid such as high voltage direct current (HVDC) blocking fault. Firstly, the basic principle of the central air conditioner is introduced. On this basis, the physical model of the central air conditioner which includes central air conditioning unit, temperature change of refrigerated inflow and outflow water, heat exchange between the cooling water of the fan coil and the room, indoor average temperature change as well as the proportion of the room in the open state are established. Moreover, combined with the central air‐conditioning model, a parameter identification method of the model is proposed. Then, the emergency control and flexible recovery strategy of central air‐conditioning are proposed. The application prospect of emergency control of central air conditioning in response stability control and low frequency load shedding (UFLS) after HVDC blocking faults of receiving power grid is discussed, respectively. The experimental platform is set up to verify the accuracy of the model and parameter identification method and the feasibility of emergency control.
Back‐electromotive‐force observer (BEMF observer) based symmetrical PLL for grid synchronization stability enhancement under weak grid conditions
Authors: Duan Ziyue , Meng Yongqing , Wu Kang , Yang Yong , Wang Xiuli , Wang Xifan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synchronous reference frame phase‐locked loop (SRF‐PLL) is widely utilized for grid synchronization in voltage‐source converter (VSC) system. However, it fails to eliminate the effect of high grid impedance leading to instability in weak grids. To address this issue, this paper introduces the back‐electromotive‐force observer (BEMF observer), commonly being utilized in DC motor, to modify the input of the SRF‐PLL. To be specific, the equivalent internal electromotive force calculated by the BEMF observer rather than the PCC voltage is used to capture the phase information. Since the BEMF observer is designed in ‐frame while the SRF‐PLL is in ‐frame, the conventional stability analysis method suffers from complicated process. Thus, this paper further reconstructs the SRF‐PLL with the BEMF observer to be symmetrical for simplification. Apart from the symmetrical structure, the stability criterion is accordingly modified. As a result, the proposed back electromotive force based symmetrical PLL (BEFS‐PLL) offers the following advantages: (i) it effectively enhances the grid synchronization stability and simplifies the stability analysis process simultaneously, (ii) it exhibits a strong robustness even with the calculation error up to 50%, and (iii) it is characteristic of clear physical meanings. Finally, the effectiveness of the BEFS‐PLL is verified by simulation.
Enhanced switching electric field and breakdown strength of epoxy composites with core‐shell silicon carbide nanoparticles
Authors: Han Yongsen , Wang Zi , Sun Jian , Li Zhonghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is widely used to improve the non‐linear conductivity of non‐linear resistive field grading composite. In this paper, the SiC nanoparticles are modified into core‐shell nanoparticles with silica (SiO2) coating on the surface and are characterised by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The 7 wt% SiC@SiO2/epoxy nanocomposite is then prepared, and the pure epoxy and 7 wt% SiC/epoxy nanocomposite are prepared as a contrast. The relative permittivity, thermally stimulated current, conductivity and breakdown strength are studied, respectively. The presence of SiO2 shell around SiC nanoparticles has a great effect on the relative permittivity and trap distribution. The epoxy nanocomposites show non‐linear conductivity characteristics, compared with pure epoxy. The 7 wt% SiC@SiO2/epoxy nanocomposite has higher switching electric field and breakdown strength than the 7 wt% SiC/epoxy nanocomposite, which is helpful for the application of non‐linear resistive field grading composite in higher‐voltage equipment or components.
Wideband and metal‐only linear to circular polarization converter using multi‐slot elements
Authors: Pesarakloo Ali , Oraizi Homayoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA wideband, metal‐only, and low‐cost transmission‐type polariser is proposed in which a plane wave with linear polarization impinging on the structure is converted to circular polarization wave on the other side and vice versa. The proposed structure is a quad‐layer frequency selective surface that its unit cell is composed of two sets of multi‐slot elements placed perpendicular to each other to achieve a wideband polariser. In this unit cell, by changing the length of the slots, the amplitude and phase of transmission coefficient can be controlled, which are used to create a 90‐degree phase difference between vertical and horizontal components of the incident electric field. A array of the proposed polariser with a quad‐layer is simulated and fabricated that shows the bandwidth of 22% (11.7–14.7 GHz) for an axial ratio below −3 dB and a transmission efficiency of more than 85%.
Design of hybrid SiC/Si based T‐type three‐level LLC$ LLC$ resonant converter with wide‐input range and low conduction loss for automotive auxiliary power module
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Li Hui , Yin Shan , Pang Xiaohu , Chu Doudou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe auxiliary power module (APM) in the electrical vehicle converts the high voltage of battery pack to the low voltage to supply the electric power for the internal loads, including electric power steering, electric turbo, headed windshield and cooling pumps. The increasing demands on charging time and mileage have made the battery packs with even higher voltage (e.g. 800 V) a promising option. However, it brings a new challenge for the APM, and either the 1.2‐kV silicon carbide (SiC) device or the three‐level (TL) topology are used conventionally. This work proposes a cost‐effective hybrid SiC/Si‐based T‐type TL resonant converter for the vehicular APM application with a high step‐down ratio. The 1.2‐kV SiC and 650‐V Si devices are used as the main and auxiliary switches, respectively. It fully utilizes the voltage rating of device, and also improves the efficiency compared with conventional TL topology. To improve the gain range and electromagnetic interference performance, a variable frequency and adjustable phase‐shift modulation scheme is adopted. At the same time, the steady‐state time‐domain model is established to elaborate the operation principles, topology features, and boundary conditions for soft‐switching. Furthermore, the precise solutions for switching frequency and phase‐shift angle are figured out. Finally, the effectiveness of model is verified by the simulation as well as the experiment. A 1‐kW prototype for the application in the APM is demonstrated with the input voltage of 640–840 V and a constant output of 48 V/ 21 A.
Ices in planet-forming disks: Self-consistent ice opacities in disk models
Authors: Arabhavi Aditya M. , Woitke Peter , Cazaux Stéphanie M. , Kamp Inga , Rab Christian , Thi Wing-Fai 
Published: August 2022

Context. In cold and shielded environments, molecules freeze out on dust grain surfaces to form ices such as H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, CH3OH, and NH3. In protoplanetary disks, such conditions are present in the midplane regions beyond the snowline, but the exact radial and vertical extension depend on disk mass, geometry, and stellar ultra-violet irradiation.
Aims. The goal of this work is to present a computationally efficient method to compute ice and bare-grain opacities in protoplanetary disk models consistently with the chemistry and to investigate the effect of ice opacities on the physico-chemical state and optical appearance of the disk.
Methods. A matrix of Mie efficiencies is pre-calculated for different ice species and thicknesses, from which the position dependent opacities of icy grains are then interpolated. This is implemented in the PRODIMO code by a self-consistent solution of ice opacities and the local composition of ices, which are obtained from our chemical network.
Results. Locally, the opacity can change significantly, for example, an increase by a factor of more than 200 in the midplane, especially at ultra-violet and optical wavelengths, due to ice formation. This is mainly due to changes in the size distribution of dust grains resulting from ice formation. However, since the opacity only changes in the optically thick regions of the disk, the thermal disk structure does not change significantly. For the same reason, the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) computed with our disk models with ice opacities generally show only faint ice emission features at far-IR wavelengths. The ice absorption features are only seen in the edge-on orientation. The assumption made on how the ice is distributed across the grain size distribution (ice power law) influences the far-infrared and millimeter slope of the SED. The ice features and their strengths are influenced by the ice power law and the type of chemistry. Our models predict stronger ice features for observations that can spatially resolve the disk, particularly in absorption.
Binary open clusters in the Gaia data
Authors: Song Fangfang , Esamdin Ali , Hu Qingshun , Zhang Mengfan 
Published: August 2022

Context. Observations indicate that the fraction of potential binary star clusters in the Milky Way is either the same or lower than that of the Magellanic Clouds. The unprecedented precision in the parallax measurements by Gaia has allowed for the discovery of a growing number of new binary open clusters (OCs).
Aims. We aim to survey the candidates of truly binary open clusters that are formed simultaneously, using information from the Gaia database.
Methods. Based on the most recent catalog of open clusters, we investigated the interactions of adjacent binary open clusters in our Galaxy within separations of 50 pc. We compared their coordinates, proper motions, parallaxes, and color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) via binary plots for all candidate pairs. The candidates of truly binary open clusters are selected on the basis of their common proper motions and consistent behaviors in the CMDs of different clusters that are limited to a separation of 50 pc.
Results. About ten pairs of the selected binary open clusters appear to be the same clusters, based on evidence that almost half of the cluster members are shared. Fourteen pairs are possibly true binaries, implying that they may come from the same clouds, among which five pairs are newly discovered. In addition, two clusters, UBC 46 and UBC 192, were found to be part of the stellar complex LISCA I. Our results confirm that OCs born in groups are usually composed of young open clusters.
Hunting for anti-solar differentially rotating stars using the Rossby number
Authors: Noraz Q. , Breton S. N. , Brun A. S. , García R. A. , Strugarek A. , Santos A. R. G. , Mathur S. , Amard L. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Anti-solar differential rotation profiles have been found for decades in numerical simulations of convective envelopes of solar-type stars. These profiles are characterized by a slow equator and fast poles (i.e., reversed with respect to the Sun) and have been found in simulations for high Rossby numbers. Rotation profiles like this have been reported in evolved stars, but have never been unambiguously observed for cool solar-type stars on the main sequence. As solar-type stars age and spin down, their Rossby numbers increase, which could therefore induce a transition toward an anti-solar differential rotation regime before the end of the main sequence. Such a rotational transition will impact the large-scale dynamo process and the magnetic activity. In this context, detecting this regime in old main-sequence solar-type stars would improve our understanding of their magnetorotational evolution.
Aims. The goal of this study is to identify the most promising cool main-sequence stellar candidates for anti-solar differential rotation in the Kepler sample.
Methods. First, we introduce a new theoretical formula to estimate fluid Rossby numbers, Rof, of main-sequence solar-type stars. We derived it from observational quantities such as Teff and Prot, and took the influence of the internal structure into account. Then, we applied it on a subset of the most recent catalog of Kepler rotation periods, after removing subgiants and selecting targets with solar metallicity. Next, we considered the highest computed Rof and inspected each target individually to select the most reliable anti-solar candidate. Finally, we extended our study to stars with metallicities different from that of the Sun. To this end, we developed a formulation for Rof dependent on the metallicity index [Fe/H] by using 1D stellar grids, and we also considered this compositional aspect for the selection of the targets.
Results. We obtain a list of the most promising stars that are likely to show anti-solar differential rotation. We identify two samples: one at solar metallicity, including 14 targets, and another for other metallicities, including 8 targets. We find that the targets with the highest Rof are likely to be early-G or late-F stars at about log10g = 4.37 dex.
Conclusions. We conclude that cool main-sequence stellar candidates for anti-solar differential rotation exist in the Kepler sample. The most promising candidate is KIC 10907436, and two other particularly interesting candidates are the solar analog KIC 7189915 and the seismic target KIC 12117868. Future characterization of these 22 stars is expected to help us understand how dynamics can impact magnetic and rotational evolution of old solar-type stars at high Rossby number.
A novel Artificial Intelligence-based tool to assess anticholinergic burden: a survey
Authors: Secchi Agostina , Mamayusupova Hulkar , Sami Saber , Maidment Ian , Coulton Simon , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Fox Chris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
many medications possess anticholinergic activity. Their use is associated with a number of serious adverse effects including cognitive effects. The cumulative anticholinergic effect of medications as assessed by tools such as the anticholinergic burden scale (AchB) can identify people particularly at risk of anticholinergic side-effects. Currently, &gt;20 tools are available for clinicians to use, but there is no consensus on the most appropriate tool.

Methods
a newly created online tool—International Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Tool (IACT)—based on natural language processing and chemical structure analysis, was developed and made available for clinicians to test its functions. We carried out a survey (between 8th of February and 31st of March 2021) to assess the overall need for an assessment tool as well as the usability of the IACT.

Results
a total of 110 responses were received from different countries and practitioners’ groups. The majority of the participants (86.11%) stated they would use a tool for AchB assessment if available and when they were asked to rate the IACT against other tools, amongst 34 responders, 20.59% rated it better and 8.82% rated it significantly better, 44.12% rated it neither better, nor worse, 14.71% rated it worse and 11.76% somewhat worse.

Conclusion
there is a need for an anticholinergic burden calculator to assess the anticholinergicity of medications. Tools such as the IACT potentially could meet this demand due to its ability to assign scores to current and new medications appearing on the market based both on their chemical structure and reported adverse pharmacological effects.
Light received by embryos promotes postnatal junior phenotypes in a seabird
Authors: Ruiz-Raya Francisco , Noguera Jose C , Velando Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Light is a salient and variable ecological factor that can impact developmental trajectories of vertebrate embryos, yet whether prenatal light environment can act as an anticipatory cue preparing organisms to cope with postnatal conditions is still unclear. In asynchronous birds, last-laid eggs are particularly exposed to sunlight as parental incubation behavior becomes intermittent after the hatching of senior chicks. Here, we explore whether natural variations in prenatal light exposure shape the distinctive phenotype showed by last-hatched chicks of a semi-precocial seabird, the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), potentially preparing them to cope with the postnatal competitive context. To do this, we manipulated the amount of light received by last-laid eggs (within a natural range) during last stages of embryonic development. Prenatal exposure to light cues promoted the development of the resilient “junior phenotype” exhibited by last-hatched gull chicks, characterized by accelerated hatching, increased begging behavior and a slower growth rate. These developmental and behavioral adjustments were accompanied by down-regulation of genes involved in metabolism and development regulation (SOD2 and TRalpha), as well as changes in the HPA-axis functioning (lower baseline corticosterone and robust adrenocortical response). Junior chicks exposed to light cues during the embryonic development showed longer telomeres during the early postnatal period, suggesting that light-induced adjustments could allow them to buffer the competitive disadvantages associated with hatching asynchrony. Our study provides evidence that postnatal junior phenotypes are, at least in part, prenatally shaped by light cues that act during a critical temporal window of developmental sensitivity.
APSCALE: advanced pipeline for simple yet comprehensive analyses of DNA metabarcoding data
Authors: Buchner Dominik , Macher Till-Hendrik , Leese Florian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Summary
DNA metabarcoding is an emerging approach to assess and monitor biodiversity worldwide and consequently the number and size of data sets increases exponentially. To date, no published DNA metabarcoding data processing pipeline exists that is (i) platform independent, (ii) easy to use [incl. graphical user interface (GUI)], (iii) fast (does scale well with dataset size) and (iv) complies with data protection regulations of e.g. environmental agencies. The presented pipeline APSCALE meets these requirements and handles the most common tasks of sequence data processing, such as paired-end merging, primer trimming, quality filtering, clustering and denoising of any popular metabarcoding marker, such as internal transcribed spacer, 16S or cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. APSCALE comes in a command line and a GUI version. The latter provides the user with additional summary statistics options and links to GUI-based downstream applications.

Availability and implementation
APSCALE is written in Python, a platform-independent language, and integrates functions of the open-source tools, VSEARCH (Rognes et al., 2016), cutadapt (Martin, 2011) and LULU (Frøslev et al., 2017). All modules support multithreading to allow fast processing of larger DNA metabarcoding datasets. Further information and troubleshooting are provided on the respective GitHub pages for the command-line version (https://github.com/DominikBuchner/apscale) and the GUI-based version (https://github.com/TillMacher/apscale_gui), including a detailed tutorial.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.