bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–retest reliability and discriminatory power of multidimensional voice analysis program
Authors: Afacan Nazife Nur , Coşkun Zerrin Özergin , Çeliker Metin , Erdivanlı Özlem Çelebi , Terzi Suat , Dursun Engin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the test–retest reliability of acoustic parameters (jitter [%], shimmer [%], noise‐to‐harmonic ratio [NHR], and voice turbulence index [VTI]) by using multidimensional voice program, and to detect the discriminatory power of the acoustic measures with respect to dysphonic voices and normal voices.Design, Setting, Participants, and MethodsFifty‐four (25 male and 29 female) participants with voice disorders and fifty‐one (27 male and 24 female) participants with normal voices were enrolled in this study. They were assessed by anamnesis, visual examination, auditory perceptual assessment (GRBAS), and acoustic measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the test–retest reliability. The effect size (d value) and p value obtained from the t‐test were used to determine the discriminatory power.ResultsIn the normal group, good reliability was observed for jitter, shimmer, and NHR, and moderate reliability was observed for VTI. With regard to the dysphonic group, jitter, shimmer, and VTI were moderately reliable, and the NHR had good reliability. Meanwhile, the discriminatory powers of jitter and shimmer were evaluated as ‘medium’, and those of NHR and VTI as ‘small’.ConclusionThe reliability and discriminatory powers of our acoustic measures were high compared with most other studies. Their level of reliability and discriminatory power can be maximised by using stringent rules. However, attaining an excellent level of reliability and discriminatory seems infeasible power owing to the variable characteristic of voice. Therefore, acoustic measures should be adopted as a complementary tool.
The utility of liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound in infectious mononucleosis—A systematic review
Authors: Tan E Tian , Wilkinson Danielle , Edafe Ovie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionA large proportion of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) have abnormal liver function tests (LFT) at presentation. There is no guideline regarding the management and follow‐up of these patients. Some patients also have abdominal ultrasound (US) due to deranged LFT, the need for this practice is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence base on LFT assessment in IM, time to resolution of derangement, and the role of abdominal US.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library was done. Two authors independently screened records for eligibility using pre‐defined criteria. We included both adult and paediatric populations. Quality assessment of included studies was done.ResultsA total of 3924 patients were included from 32 studies, of which LFT values were reported on 2779 patients. A combination of typical clinical features, heterophile antibodies and Epstein–Barr virus‐specific antibodies were used to ascertain diagnosis. The following proportion of patients had abnormal LFT: aspartate transaminase (57%); alanine transaminase (62%); alkaline phosphatase (65%); bilirubin (16%); gamma‐glutamyltransferase (41%). Reported median (interquartile range) time to resolution of LFT was 8 (6–12) weeks (n = 438). Maximum time to resolution was >6 months. Clinical hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were found in 35% and 44% of patients, respectively. Enlarged liver and spleen on US were seen in 16 of 29 and 38 of 38 of patients, respectively. There were no reports of decompensated liver disease.ConclusionCurrent evidence questions the need for routine assessment of LFT in immunocompetent patients presenting with IM; serial LFT assessments following initial abnormalities are not required in immunocompetent patients with subclinical derangement of LFT; routine US abdomen in IM to evaluate for derangement of LFT is not required.
Informing employees in small and medium‐sized firms about training: Results of a randomized field experiment
Authors: van den Berg Gerard J. , Dauth Christine , Homrighausen Pia , Stephan Gesine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe mailed brochures to 10,000 randomly chosen employed German workers who were eligible for a subsidized occupational training program called WeGebAU, informing them about the importance of skills‐upgrading training in general and about WeGebAU in particular. Using survey and register data, we estimate effects of the informational brochure on awareness of the program, on take‐up of WeGebAU and other training, and on subsequent employment. The brochure more than doubles awareness of the program. There are no effects on WeGebAU take‐up, but participation in other (unsubsidized) training increases among employees aged under 45. Short‐term labor market outcomes are not affected.
Women's work and wages in the sixteenth century and Sweden's position in the ‘little divergence’
Authors: Molinder Jakob , Pihl Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use a unique source from the Swedish royal demesnes to examine the work and relative wages of women in sixteenth‐century Sweden, an economic laggard in the early modern period. The source pertains to workers hired on yearly contracts, a type more representative of historical labour markets than day labour on large construction sites, and this allows us to observe directly the food consumed by workers. We speak to the debate on the ‘little divergence’ within Europe, as women's work and gender differentials in pay is a key indicator of women's relative autonomy and seen as a cause for the economic ascendency of the North Sea region during the period. We find small gender differentials among both unskilled and skilled workers, indicating that Sweden was a part of the ‘golden age’ for women. We argue that despite superficial equality, women's economic outlooks were restrained in many other ways – including their access to higher‐skilled work and jobs in the expanding parts of the economy – adding important nuance to the discussion about the relationship between women's social position and economic growth in the early modern period.
Predicting the suitable fertilizer for crop based on soil and environmental factors using various feature selection techniques with classifiers
Authors: Mariammal Ganesan , Suruliandi Andavar , Segovia‐Bravo Kharla Andreina , Raja Soosaimarian Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgriculture is an essential part of human life. The crop productivity is based on the soil and environmental factors. Different crops are cultivated in different areas. Nowadays, the crop productivity level is affected by the climate change and diseases in the crops. Due to this pest infestation, the crop growth is heavily affected. To overcome this problem, the right fertilizer for a particular crop has to be chosen and fertilizer helps farmers to improve the crop productivity rate. This process can be done by using various machine learning techniques. In this work, various features selection techniques with classifiers used to predict the suitable fertilizer for a crop. The experimental results show that recursive feature elimination along the proposed Heterogeneous Stacked Ensemble classifier gives better prediction rate than other methods.
Diversity and inclusion of culturally and linguistically diverse students in K‐12 Chinese language education
Authors: Lu Xinyue , Troyan Francis John 
Published: July 2022

The ChallengeThe Challenge Statement: The inclusion of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students is rarely addressed in Chinese Language Education. What is the potential of Chinese classrooms as sites for the inclusion of CLD students? This article presents findings from a systematic review and suggests a path forward for a more culturally responsive Chinese Language Education.
Absence of canonical trophic levels in a microbial mat
Authors: Gonzalez‐Nayeck Ana C. , Mohr Wiebke , Tang Tiantian , Sattin Sarah , Parenteau M. Niki , Jahnke Linda L. , Pearson Ann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn modern ecosystems, the carbon stable isotope (δ13C) ratios of consumers generally conform to the principle “you are what you eat, +1‰.” However, this metric may not apply to microbial mat systems where diverse communities, using a variety of carbon substrates via multiple assimilation pathways, live in close physical association and phagocytosis is minimal or absent. To interpret the δ13C record of the Proterozoic and early Paleozoic, when mat‐based productivity likely was widespread, it is necessary to understand how a microbially driven producer–consumer structure affects the δ13C compositions of biomass and preservable lipids. Protein Stable Isotope Fingerprinting (P‐SIF) is a recently developed method that allows measurement of the δ13C values of whole proteins, separated from environmental samples and identified taxonomically via proteomics. Here, we use P‐SIF to determine the trophic relationships in a microbial mat sample from Chocolate Pots Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA. In this mat, proteins from heterotrophic bacteria are indistinguishable from cyanobacterial proteins, indicating that “you are what you eat, +1‰” is not applicable. To explain this finding, we hypothesize that sugar production and consumption dominate the net ecosystem metabolism, yielding a community in which producers and consumers share primary photosynthate as a common resource. This idea was validated by confirming that glucose moieties in exopolysaccharide were equal in δ13C composition to both cyanobacterial and heterotrophic proteins, and by confirming that highly 13C‐depleted fatty acids (FAs) of Cyanobacteria dominate the lipid pool, consistent with flux‐balance expectations for systems that overproduce primary photosynthate. Overall, the results confirm that the δ13C composition of microbial biomass and lipids is tied to specific metabolites, rather than to autotrophy versus heterotrophy or to individual trophic levels. Therefore, we suggest that aerobic microbial heterotrophy is simply a case of “you are what you eat.”
Genetic and environmental influences on temperament development across the preschool period
Authors: Liu Chang , Zheng Yao , Ganiban Jody M. , Saudino Kimberly J. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPreschoolers' temperament characteristics are associated with children's long‐term development. Such links underscore the importance of understanding factors that shape temperament during preschool. This is the first study to examine genetic and environmental sources of developmental growth in three temperament dimensions: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control, during the preschool period.MethodsBiometric latent growth curve modeling was used to examine genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental contributions to the invariant level of and developmental growth in temperament, using a sample of 310 same‐sex twin pairs (MZ = 123, DZ = 187) assessed at 3, 4, and 5 years of age. Temperament was assessed using primary caregiver's report on the Child Behavior Questionnaire‐Short Form.ResultsAll three temperament dimensions demonstrated linear increases from ages 3 to 5 years. The invariant levels of all three temperament dimensions were explained by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Growth in surgency was fully explained by nonshared environmental factors, while growth in negative affectivity was mainly explained by genetic factors. Growth in effortful control was explained by genetic and nonshared environmental factors, although neither were significant due to large bootstrap standard errors. For negative affectivity and effortful control, the genetic factors that contributed to developmental growth were independent from those associated with their invariant levels.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings indicate that both genetic and nonshared environmental factors play important roles in the invariant levels of temperament. Findings also accord a critical role of children's nonshared environment in the development of surgency and to a lesser extent negative affectivity and effortful control. It is also notable that novel genetic effects contribute to developmental growth in negative affectivity and effortful control as children age, emphasizing the importance of integrating developmental models in genetic research.
No butts about it: using urogenital disparity in a deep‐water snapper, Etelis carbunculus (Lutjanidae), for field‐based sexual identification
Authors: Nichols Ryan S. , DeMartini Edward E. , Franklin Erik C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, the authors describe a process that consistently identified sex based on differences in the length and characteristics of the urogenital papilla septum of Etelis carbunculus, a deep‐water snapper (Lutjanidae, Etelinae). These characteristics, regardless of fish size, were found to be accurate for 96% of 157 specimens evaluated. The application of this external sex determination technique expedites the collection of sex‐specific data and may perform well for other morphologically similar lutjanid snappers. The non‐invasive method also minimizes damage to the fish, thereby allowing either its return to the ocean or landing as a valuable whole fish.
Hind limb muscles influence the architectural properties of long bones in frogs
Authors: Vera Miriam Corina , Ferretti José Luis , Cointry Gustavo Roberto , Abdala Virginia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Mechanostat Theory states that osteocytes sense both the intensity and directionality of the strains induced by mechanical usage and modulate the bone design accordingly. In long bones, this process may adapt anterior‐posterior and lateral‐medial strength to their mechanical environment showing regional specificity. Anuran species are ideal for analyzing the muscle‐bone relationships related to the different mechanical stresses induced by their many locomotor modes and habitat uses. This work aimed to explore the relationships between indicators of the force of the most relevant muscles to locomotion and the mechanical properties of femur and tibia fibula in preserved samples of three anuran species with different habitat use (aquatic, arboreal) and locomotion modes (swimmer, jumper, walker/climber). For that purpose, we measured the anatomical cross‐sectional area of each dissected muscle and correlated it with the moments of inertia and bone strength indices. Significant, species‐specific covariations between muscle and bone parameters were observed. Pseudis platensis, the aquatic swimmer, showed the largest muscles, followed by Boana faber, the jumper and Phyllomedusa sauvagii, the walker/climber. As we expected, bigger muscles correlate with bone parameters in all the species. Nevertheless, smaller muscles also play an important role in bone design. In aquatic species, muscle interaction enhances mostly lateral bending strength throughout the femur and lateral and antero‐posterior bending strength in the tibia fibula. In the jumper species, muscles affected the femur and tibia fibula mostly in anterior‐posterior bending. In the walker/climber species, responses involving both antero‐posterior and lateral bending strengths were observed in the femur and tibia fibula. These results show that bones will be more or less resistant to lateral and antero‐posterior bending according to the different mechanical challenges of locomotion in aquatic vs. arboreal habitats. This study provides new evidence of the muscle‐bone relationships in three frog species associated with their different locomotion and habitat uses, highlighting the crucial role of muscle in determining the architectural properties of bones.
Once again on the Empress Zoe: Women, dermatology, cosmetics, and materia medica (medical matter) in the ancient world
Authors: Cilione Marco , Cavarra Berenice , Gazzaniga Valentina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn article published in 2012 in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology discussed the historical sources presenting the Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita as an expert in cosmetic and pharmacological remedies that could give their users a youthful appearance and a kind of eternal youth. However, it did not take into account a dermatological recipe attributed to Zoe which text transmission has preserved.AimsTo examine some ingredients of Zoe's recipe from a historical medical point of view and contextualize the text in the tradition of ancient medical matter, physiology of aging, and gender pharmacological skills.MethodsAfter contextualizing the recipe from the historical medical point of view, some of its ingredients have been analyzed in relation not only to their use in the most authoritative pharmacological and medical sources of antiquity but also to their symbolic meaning.ResultsThe analysis of Zoe's dermatological recipe allowed to highlight:

The links between cosmetics and medicine in Greek and Roman Antiquity.
The reason why ancient sources dealing with medical matter attributed to certain substances and plants the power to save the human body from old age and decay.
The consistency between the ingredients of Zoe's recipe and the humoral physiology by genders and by age of Hippocrates.
The existence of a female tradition in pharmacological competence.
ConclusionCosmetic dermatology of antiquity is the perfect point in which survival of the myth and rational pharmacology overlap.
The role of circadian phase in sleep and performance during Antarctic winter expeditions
Authors: Sletten Tracey L. , Sullivan Jason P. , Arendt Josephine , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Barger Laura K. , Fletcher Lloyd , Arnold Malcolm , Wallace Jan , Strauss Clive , Baker Richard J. S. , Kloza Kate , Kennaway David J. , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Ayton Jeff , Lockley Steven W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic environment presents an extreme variation in the natural light‐dark cycle which can cause variability in the alignment of the circadian pacemaker with the timing of sleep, causing sleep disruption, and impaired mood and performance. This study assessed the incidence of circadian misalignment and the consequences for sleep, cognition, and psychological health in 51 over‐wintering Antarctic expeditioners (45.6 ± 11.9 years) who completed daily sleep diaries, and monthly performance tests and psychological health questionnaires for 6 months. Circadian phase was assessed via monthly 48‐h urine collections to assess the 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) rhythm. Although the average individual sleep duration was 7.2 ± 0.8 h, there was substantial sleep deficiency with 41.4% of sleep episodes <7 h and 19.1% <6 h. Circadian phase was highly variable and 34/50 expeditioners had sleep episodes that occurred at an abnormal circadian phase (acrophase outside of the sleep episode), accounting for 18.8% (295/1565) of sleep episodes. Expeditioners slept significantly less when misaligned (6.1 ± 1.3 h), compared with when aligned (7.3 ± 1.0 h; p < .0001). Performance and mood were worse when awake closer to the aMT6s peak and with increased time awake (all p < .0005). This research highlights the high incidence of circadian misalignment in Antarctic over‐wintering expeditioners. Similar incidence has been observed in long‐duration space flight, reinforcing the fidelity of Antarctica as a space analog. Circadian misalignment has considerable safety implications, and potentially longer term health risks for other circadian‐controlled physiological systems. This increased risk highlights the need for preventative interventions, such as proactively planned lighting solutions, to ensure circadian alignment during long‐duration Antarctic and space missions.
Effect of purified fish oil supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and blood profile in broilers
Authors: Wahid Sumaya Tanzin , Lee Byung Gill , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present research experimented with the view of observing the effect of supplementing purified fish oil (FO) on growth performance, organ weight, meat quality, along with blood profile of broilers. The experiment was conducted upon 1600 male Ross 308, each aged 1 day, broiler strains with an average body weight of 43.15 ± 1.35 g were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups where CON, basal diet; TRT1, CON + 0.05% FO; TRT2, CON + 0.10% FO; and TRT3, CON + 0.15% FO respectively. Each treatment group consisted of 20 replication pens, with each pen containing 20 broiler chicks. The 4‐week long experiment was divided into two phases. The first phase (Days 7–21), the second phase (Days 22–35) and the overall (Days 7–35). On Day 21, the body weight of broilers in TRT2 and TRT3 was higher than the control. Increasing doses of purified FO supplementation showed a linear (p < 0.05) increase in body weight on Day 21. At the end of Phase 1, FO supplementation improved the body weight gain (BWG) of TRT2 and TRT3 group birds compared to CON. Increasing doses of FO supplementation increased the BWG linearly in all phases. Increasing doses of FO increased chicks' breast muscle weight with the highest value in the TRT3 group. Moreover, liver weight was linearly decreased in FO supplementation groups compared to the CON group. Abdominal fat was linearly decreased in FO supplemented groups. FO supplementation caused the lowest cholesterol and triglyceride in TRT3 than the CON group with a linear reduction. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced by FO supplemental groups. In addition, FO supplementation increased the red blood cell (RBC) in the TRT3 group compared to the CON group. In conclusion, refined FO increased BWG, breast muscle weight and RBC and reduced cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in broilers' blood.
Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants
Authors: Gu Lianhong , Grodzinski Bernard , Han Jimei , Marie Telesphore , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Song Yang C. , Sun Ying 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi‐media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartition? Here we systematically explain this perplexing phenomenon. We propose that grana stacks, acting like bellows in accordions, increase the degree of ultrastructural control on photosynthesis through thylakoid swelling/shrinking induced by osmotic water fluxes. This control coordinates with variations in stomatal conductance and the turgor of guard cells, which act like an accordion's air button. Thylakoid ultrastructural dynamics regulate macromolecular blocking/collision probability, direct diffusional pathlengths, division of function of Cytochrome  b6f complex between linear and cyclic electron transport, luminal pH via osmotic water fluxes, and the separation of pH dynamics between granal and lamellar lumens in response to environmental variations. With the two functionally asymmetrical photosystems located distantly from each other, the ultrastructural control, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon‐reaction feedbacks maximally cooperate to balance electron transport with gas exchange, provide homeostasis in fluctuating light environments, and protect photosystems in drought. Grana stacks represent a dry/high irradiance adaptation of photosynthetic machinery to improve fitness in challenging land environments. Our theory unifies many well‐known but seemingly unconnected phenomena of thylakoid structure and function in higher plants.