bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption performance of biomass hollow pyramidal microwave absorber using multi-slot array technique
Authors: Izzati Fazin Mas , Rashidy Razali Ahmad , Nasir Taib Mohd , Mohamad Noor Norhayati , Mohd Kasim Linda , Mohamat Kasim Nazirah , Abdullah Idris Hasnain 
Published: May 2022

<span>Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an undesired electromagnetic (EM) wave by nearby electronic devices, process equipment, and measuring instruments. In this work, a novel multi-slot technique is applied to the hollow biomass pyramidal microwave absorber to study its absorption properties thoroughly. Two different slot arrangements in horizontal and vertical configuration are designed for the proposed microwave absorbers. Both slot design concepts have identical shape and size. This work aims to study, compare and analyze the absorption performance of the proposed designs at L, S, C and X frequency bands. The biomass material is used to form as absorbent material. The characteristics performance of the multi-slot design on biomass hollow pyramidal microwave absorbers are measured by using naval research laboratory (NRL) Arch space-free method. The frequency range set up for the measurement is in between 1 GHz to 12 GHz. The multi-vertical slots design exhibits better absorption performance at <br /> C-band and X-band which is -63.67 dB and -46.78 dB respectively while the multi-horizontal slots design provides better absorption performance at <br /> S-band which is -16.92 dB. The results shows that both design performances are frequency-dependent since horizontal slots design improve maximum absorption performance at low frequency while vertical slots design delivers better performance at high frequency. </span>
Abstract P114: Statins, High-density Lipoprotein, And Acute Kidney Injury After Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Patrick Jordan T , Smith Derek K , Smith Loren E 
Published: May 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) occurs in 20% of patients and is an independent predictor of death. Higher preoperative high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration before revascularization of chronic limb ischemia is associated with a lower risk of AKI. Further, preoperative statin use has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of AKI after EVAR. We hypothesized that both preoperative statin use and higher preoperative HDL are associated with a lower risk of AKI in patients undergoing EVAR.
Charts from adult patients that underwent EVAR were selected using the ICD codes (n=251). Each chart was reviewed for demographic and medical information, preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine concentrations, and preoperative HDL concentration. One hundred and three patients had available statin medication, serum creatinine, and HDL concentrations. The associations between statin dose, HDL concentration and maximum serum creatinine change from baseline in the first 48 postoperative hours was assessed using multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for AKI risk factors. Preoperative HDL concentration was not correlated with preoperative statin dose (Pearson’s R=0.0515, p=0.57). Higher preoperative statin doses (atorvastatin equivalents) and higher preoperative HDL concentrations were associated with lower serum creatinine rise (p=0.042 and 0.002 respectively, Figure). When both preoperative statin dose and preoperative HDL concentration were included in the model, both variables lost significance, suggesting HDL may mediate the relationship between preoperative statin dose and postoperative AKI.
Higher preoperative HDL concentrations and statin doses were associated with less postoperative AKI. Future work involves identifying the biological mechanism underlying these associations as a first step towards developing new therapies to prevent AKI following EVAR.
Comparisons of Prehospital Delay and Related Factors Between Acute Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yoon Cindy W. , Oh Hoonji , Lee Juneyoung , Rha Joung‐Ho , Woo Seong‐Ill , Lee Won Kyung , Jung Han‐Young , Ban Byeolnim , Kang Jihoon , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Won‐Seok , Yoon Chang‐Hwan , Lee Heeyoung , Kim Seongheon , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Eun Kyoung , Her Ae‐Young , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Kim Moo‐Hyun , Lee Jang Hoon , Park Hun Sik , Kim Keonyeop , Kim Rock Bum , Choi Nack‐Cheon , Hwang Jinyong , Park Hyun‐Woong , Park Ki Soo , Yi SangHak , Cho Jae Young , Kim Nam‐Ho , Choi Kang‐Ho , Kim Yongcheol , Kim Juhan , Han Jae‐Young , Choi Jay Chol , Kim Song‐Yi , Choi Joon‐Hyouk , Kim Jei , Jee Sung Ju , Sohn Min Kyun , Choi Si Wan , Shin Dong‐Ick , Lee Sang Yeub , Bae Jang‐Whan , Lee Kunsei , Bae Hee‐Joon 
Published: May 2022

Background
Prehospital delay is an important contributor to poor outcomes in both acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to compare the prehospital delay and related factors between AIS and AMI.

Methods and Results
We identified patients with AIS and AMI who were admitted to the 11 Korean Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Centers via the emergency room between July 2016 and December 2018. Delayed arrival was defined as a prehospital delay of >3 hours, and the generalized linear mixed‐effects model was applied to explore the effects of potential predictors on delayed arrival. This study included 17 895 and 8322 patients with AIS and AMI, respectively. The median value of prehospital delay was 6.05 hours in AIS and 3.00 hours in AMI. The use of emergency medical services was the key determinant of delayed arrival in both groups. Previous history, 1‐person household, weekday presentation, and interhospital transfer had higher odds of delayed arrival in both groups. Age and sex had no or minimal effects on delayed arrival in AIS; however, age and female sex were associated with higher odds of delayed arrival in AMI. More severe symptoms had lower odds of delayed arrival in AIS, whereas no significant effect was observed in AMI. Off‐hour presentation had higher and prehospital awareness had lower odds of delayed arrival; however, the magnitude of their effects differed quantitatively between AIS and AMI.

Conclusions
The effects of some nonmodifiable and modifiable factors on prehospital delay differed between AIS and AMI. A differentiated strategy might be required to reduce prehospital delay.
How Do Regional Distributions of Daily Precipitation Change under Warming?
Authors: Chadwick Robin , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Alves Lincoln Muniz , Moise Aurel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is changing the intensity distribution of daily precipitation, with an increased frequency of heavy precipitation and reduced frequency of light/moderate precipitation in general circulation model (GCM) projections. Projected future CMIP5 GCM changes in regional daily precipitation distribution can be described by a combination of two idealized modes: a frequency decrease mode, representing a reduction in the frequency of precipitation at all rain rates; and a frequency shift mode, where the distribution shifts toward heavier rain rates. A decrease in daily precipitation frequency and an increase in intensity are projected in most regions, but the magnitude of change shows large regional variations. The two modes generally capture the projected shift from light/moderate to heavy rain rates but do not recreate GCM changes at the very highest and lowest rain rates. We propose a simple framework for deep convective precipitation change based on the dry static energy (DSE) budget, which provides a physical explanation of these idealized modes in regions and seasons where deep convection dominates precipitation. One possibility is that a frequency decrease mode is driven by increased convective inhibition (CIN). In this DSE framework, increased moisture under warming could influence the shape of the precipitation intensity distribution, particularly at the highest rain rates, but does not govern the overall magnitude of the shift to heavier rain rates, which is not well described by the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. Changes in daily regional precipitation are not free to respond only to local changes (in e.g., moisture) but are also constrained by the DSE budget, particularly by DSE transport associated with the large-scale circulation.
The Kalman Filter as Post-Processor for Analog Data–Model Assimilation in Paleoclimate Reconstruction
Authors: Wahl Eugene , Zorita Eduardo , Hoell Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present an offline paleo-data assimilation methodology that formally combines the analog assimilation method (AA) and the Kalman filter (KF), utilizing the KF as a postprocessor of the AA output. This methodology can be applied to reconstruct climate fields that are spatially separated from proxy-based reconstructions by using the spatial covariability generated by a climate model. Our method is applied to a set of spatially resolved and spatially consistent climate reconstructions of several variables reflecting different seasons, incorporating the application of methodological variants that have undergone rigorous testing in terms of both improving statistical methodology and physical interpretation. This contrasts with applications primarily based on transfer relationships of annual means of local, single variable or bivariate, climate model priors into paleo proxy states. The gains from adding the KF postprocessor are modest in our test case of reconstructing sea level pressure (SLP) geopotential height fields in the northeast Pacific, utilizing paleoclimatic temperature and moisture reconstructions in western North America. Notably, SLP reconstruction skill is enhanced in the oceanic region south of Alaska that is strongly associated with wet winters in western North America. The results suggest that the AA method is approaching optimality in this test case, driven by the quality of the paleoreconstruction information used to drive the AA process, along with the realism of the climate model employed, to which the KF postprocessing step is added. The derived reconstructions are then used for evaluation of the relationship between winter SLP and precipitation in California over the past ∼450 years.
An Improved Climatological Forecast Method for Projecting End-of-Season Water Requirement Satisfaction Index
Authors: Turner William A. , Husak Greg , Funk Chris , Roberts Dar A. , Jones Charles 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A simple—yet powerful—indicator for monitoring agricultural drought is the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI). In data-sparse, food-insecure areas, the WRSI is used to guide billions of dollars of aid every year. The WRSI uses precipitation (PPT) and reference evapotranspiration (RefET) data to estimate water availability relative to water demand experienced over the course of a growing season. If the season is in progress, to-date conditions can be combined with climatological averages to provide insight into potential end-of-season (EOS) crop performance. However, if the average is misrepresented, these forecasts can hinder early warning and delay precious humanitarian aid. While many agencies use arithmetic average climatologies as proxies for “average conditions,” little published research evaluates their effectiveness in crop-water balance models. Here, we use WRSI hindcasts of three African regions’ growing seasons, from 1981 to 2019, to assess the adequacy of the arithmetic mean climatological forecast—the Extended WRSI. We find that the Extended WRSI is positively biased, overestimating the actual EOS WRSI by 2%–23% in East, West, and southern Africa. The presented alternative combines to-date conditions with data from previous seasons to produce a series of historically realistic conclusions to the current season. The mean of these scenarios is the WRSI Outlook. In comparison with the Extended WRSI, which creates a single forecast scenario using average inputs that are not covarying, the WRSI Outlook employs an ensemble of scenarios, which more adequately capture the historical distribution of distribution of rainfall events along with the covariability between climate variables. More specifically, the impact of dry spells in individual years is included in the WRSI Outlook in a way that is smoothed over in the Extended WRSI. We find that the WRSI Outlook has a near-zero bias score and generally has a lower RMSE. In total, this paper highlights the inadequacies of the arithmetic mean climatological forecast and presents a less biased and more accurate scenario-based approach. To this end, the WRSI Outlook can improve our ability to identify agricultural drought and the concomitant need for humanitarian aid.
An Iterative Storm Segmentation and Classification Algorithm for Convection-Allowing Models and Gridded Radar Analyses
Authors: Potvin Corey K. , Gallo Burkely T. , Reinhart Anthony E. , Roberts Brett , Skinner Patrick S. , Sobash Ryan A. , Wilson Katie A. , Britt Kelsey C. , Broyles Chris , Flora Montgomery L. , Miller William J. S. , Satrio Clarice N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thunderstorm mode strongly impacts the likelihood and predictability of tornadoes and other hazards, and thus is of great interest to severe weather forecasters and researchers. It is often impossible for a forecaster to manually classify all the storms within convection-allowing model (CAM) output during a severe weather outbreak, or for a scientist to manually classify all storms in a large CAM or radar dataset in a timely manner. Automated storm classification techniques facilitate these tasks and provide objective inputs to operational tools, including machine learning models for predicting thunderstorm hazards. Accurate storm classification, however, requires accurate storm segmentation. Many storm segmentation techniques fail to distinguish between clustered storms, thereby missing intense cells, or to identify cells embedded within quasi-linear convective systems that can produce tornadoes and damaging winds. Therefore, we have developed an iterative technique that identifies these constituent storms in addition to traditionally identified storms. Identified storms are classified according to a seven-mode scheme designed for severe weather operations and research. The classification model is a hand-developed decision tree that operates on storm properties computed from composite reflectivity and midlevel rotation fields. These properties include geometrical attributes, whether the storm contains smaller storms or resides within a larger-scale complex, and whether strong rotation exists near the storm centroid. We evaluate the classification algorithm using expert labels of 400 storms simulated by the NSSL Warn-on-Forecast System or analyzed by the NSSL Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor product suite. The classification algorithm emulates expert opinion reasonably well (e.g., 76% accuracy for supercells), and therefore could facilitate a wide range of operational and research applications.

Significance Statement
We have developed a new technique for automatically identifying intense thunderstorms in model and radar data and classifying storm mode, which informs forecasters about the risks of tornadoes and other high-impact weather. The technique identifies storms that are often missed by other methods, including cells embedded within storm clusters, and successfully classifies important storm modes that are generally not included in other schemes, such as rotating cells embedded within quasi-linear convective systems. We hope the technique will facilitate a variety of forecasting and research efforts.
Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Storm Decay. Part II: Secondary Eyewall Formation
Authors: Ahern Kyle , Hart Robert E. , Bourassa Mark A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional hurricane boundary layer (BL) structure is investigated during secondary eyewall formation, as portrayed in a high-resolution, full-physics simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010). This is the second part of a study on the evolution of BL structure during vortex decay. As in part 1 of this work, the BL’s azimuthal structure was linked to vertical wind shear and storm motion. Measures of shear magnitude and translational speed in Earl were comparable to Hurricane Irma (2017) in part 1, but the orientation of one vector relative to the other differed, which contributed to different structural evolutions between the two cases. Shear and storm motion influence the shape of low-level radial flow, which in turn influences patterns of spinup and spindown associated with the advection of absolute angular momentum M. Positive agradient forcing associated with the import of M in the inner core elicits dynamically restorative outflow near the BL top, which in this case was asymmetric and intense at times prior to eyewall replacement. These asymmetries associated with shear and storm motion provide an explanation for BL convergence and spinup at the BL top outside the radius of maximum wind (RMW), which affects inertial stability and agradient forcing outside the RMW in a feedback loop. The feedback process may have facilitated the development of a secondary wind maximum over approximately two days, which culminated in eyewall replacement.

Significance Statement
In this second part of a two-part study, a simulation of Hurricane Earl in 2010 is used to analyze the cylindrical structure of the lowest 2.5 km of the atmosphere, which include the boundary layer. Structure at times when Earl weakened prior to and during a secondary eyewall formation is of primary concern. During the secondary eyewall formation, wind and thermal fields had substantial azimuthal structure, which was linked to the state of the environment. It is found that the azimuthal structure could be important to how the secondary eyewall formed in this simulation. A discussion and motivation for further investigating the lower-atmospheric azimuthal structure of hurricanes in the context of storm intensity is provided.
Use of the FMVSS-214 static bending test to evaluate an automobile side door impact beam made of glass fiber-reinforced plastic
Authors: Ha Jungchan , Baek In-seok , Lee Seok-Soon 
Published: May 2022

A side door impact beam absorbs energy and plays an important role in preventing intrusion of another vehicle into the occupant area. Impact beams are being actively researched to reduce vehicle weight while still meeting the strength requirements of environmental regulations and to improve fuel efficiency and enhance safety. No study has subjected a lightweight glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) impact beam to the Body in White (BIW) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS)-214 quasi-static test. We compared three beams that differed in shape and stacking pattern. We performed three-point bending analyses, bending tests (including after bracket tightening), and static bending tests of door assemblies. The best GFRP beam (B) and a steel model were compared in terms of BIW static bending performance. The front-door GFRP beam exhibited an average reaction force 135% of that mandated by the FMVSS-214S test specification, an intermediate average reaction force 158% of that required, and a final force 154% of that required. In terms of bending performance, the initial average reaction force was 9.5% higher than that of the steel impact beam, and the rear door force was 6.6% lower. The reaction force of the GFRP beam decreased rapidly as breakage occurred after bending through 110.0–120.0 mm; however, the average reaction force was similar to that of the steel beam. Thus, the GFRP impact beam met the legal requirements but weighed 30% less than the steel beam.
Tele-Balint under the microscope: What really happens in Tele-Balint groups?
Authors: Pan Jane Y. , Yong Flora S. H. , Chua Tze-Ern , Chen Helen Y. 
Published: May 2022

Objective Balint groups provide a safe space for clinicians to discuss difficult cases, with the aim of deepening the clinician-patient relationship and providing space for self-introspection and personal development. During this COVID-19 period, mental health clinicians need a platform to undergo professional supervision and peer learning sessions, which can be provided for by Tele-Balint sessions. This study aims to understand the workings of Balint groups in a multi-disciplinary team, through exploring the experience and perceptions of mental health clinicians in a tertiary obstetrics- and paediatrics-focused hospital in Singapore towards Tele-Balint groups, and examining if these groups can address their professional needs. Method A mixed-methods study was conducted. 26 mental health clinicians who had participated in Tele-Balint groups since March 2020 completed a semi-structured questionnaire, and 12 of them were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts was performed. Results Qualitative analysis revealed 5 themes. The first 4: professional and personal growth of clinicians, providing emotional support to clinicians, burnout in clinicians: what contributes and what helps, and psychological safety, address whether Tele-Balint groups meet clinicians’ needs. The last theme, evolution of nature of Balint groups, addresses whether Tele-Balint groups meet clinicians’ needs during the time of a pandemic. Conclusions Tele-Balint group participation was found to be beneficial in facilitating personal and professional growth, providing emotional support and preventing burnout, despite some limitations. Members should maintain flexibility towards the Balint process, in order to accommodate others who have differing needs, especially in a multi-disciplinary group.
Present Bias in Renewable Resource Management and Agent’s Welfare
Authors: Persichina Marco 
Published: May 2022

This article analyses the effects of myopic and present-biased preferences on the welfare of a naive agent when he/she is engaged in an intertemporal harvesting activity from a stock of renewable resources. The analysis is conducted by also taking into account the nature of present-biased behaviours as phenomena that is derived from a dual system of discounting and of response to short and long-term stimuli. In the task of harvesting from a stock of renewable resources, the present biased preferences of a naive agent create a conflict between the long-run benefit of the agent and the short-run desire. Thus, this article demonstrates and argues that in the decision-making, which involves intertemporal choices in renewable resources management, the prevalence of naive behaviour, strongly influenced by the emotional-affective system, can lead to a reduction in the overall utility enjoyed by the individual due to the present bias. JEL: D15, D90, Q20