bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of medical history and clinical factors on serum lipase activity and ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis: Analysis of 234 dogs
Authors: Hammes Karen , Kook Peter H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipase measurements and ultrasonographic (US) evidence of pancreatitis correlate poorly.ObjectivesIdentify explanations for discrepant lipase and pancreatic US results.AnimalsTwo hundred and thirty‐four dogs with gastrointestinal signs.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted, in which lipase activity and US were performed within 30 hours. Medical history, clinical examination results, lipase activity, and US results were recorded.ResultsLipase and US results were weakly correlated (rs = .25, P < .001). At both evaluated time cut‐offs, median lipase activities were significantly higher with shorter durations of clinical signs before presentation (≤2 days, 334 U/L; >2 days, 118 U/L; P = .03; ≤7 days, 334 U/L; >7 days, 99 U/L; P = .004), but US was not significantly more frequently positive. For both cut‐offs (>216/≤216 U/L, >355/≤355 U/L; reference range, 24‐108 U/L), median disease duration was significantly shorter (3 vs 4 days) with higher lipases. Previous pancreatitis episodes were significantly associated with an US diagnosis of pancreatitis (P = .04), but median lipase activities were not significantly higher (386 U/L vs 153 U/L; P = .06) in these dogs. Pancreatic US was significantly more often positive when the request contained “suspicion of pancreatitis” (P < .001) or “increased lipase” (P = .01). Only changes in pancreatic morphology, echogenicity, and peripancreatic mesentery were significantly associated with a positive US diagnosis, and also had significantly higher lipase activities.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDuration of clinical signs before presentation differently affects laboratory and US evidence of pancreatitis. Previous pancreatitis episodes and information given to radiologists influence US results. These findings can be helpful for future studies on pancreatitis in dogs.
Colombian political leaders on Twitter during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Haman Michael , Školník Milan , Čopík Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the use of Twitter by Colombian political elites during the Covid‐19 pandemic, employing qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques. We collected Twitter data on the Colombian president, the mayor of Bogota, and all the members of the Congress of Colombia. We then analyzed qualitatively the content of the most popular tweets sent by President Iván Duque, Mayor Claudia López, and Gustavo Petro, the leader of the opposition. We also analyzed the growth in the number of their followers during the pandemic. We found that the most popular tweets from Colombian opposition politicians were often related to criticism of the government. López also informed her constituency about the state of the capital. President Duque's most popular tweets were primarily informative. During the pandemic, all three politicians gained a significant number of Twitter followers.
Metabotropic 5‐HT receptor‐mediated effects in the human submucous plexus
Authors: Annaházi Anita , Berger Thomas Erwin , Demir Ihsan Ekin , Zeller Florian , Müller Michael , Anneser Markus , Skerra Arne , Michel Klaus , Schemann Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerotonin (5‐HT) is an important mediator in the gastrointestinal tract, acting on different neuronal 5‐HT receptors. The ionotropic 5‐HT3 receptor mediates immediate but transient spike discharge in human enteric neurons. We studied the role of the metabotropic 5‐HT1P, 5‐HT4, and 5‐HT7 receptors to activate human submucous neurons.MethodsNeuroimaging using the voltage sensitive dye Di‐8‐ANEPPS was performed in submucous plexus preparations from human surgical specimens of the small and large intestine. We synthesized a new, stable 5‐HT1P agonist, 5‐benzyloxyhydrazonoindalpine (5‐BOHIP).Key Results5‐HT evoked a fast and late‐onset spike discharge in enteric neurons. The fast component was blocked by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist cilansetron, while the remaining sustained response was significantly reduced by the 5‐HT1P receptor antagonist 5‐hydroxytryptophanyl‐5‐hydroxytryptophan amide (5‐HTP‐DP). The newly synthesized 5‐HT1P agonist 5‐BOHIP induced a slowly developing, long‐lasting activation of submucous neurons, which was blocked by 5‐HTP‐DP. We could not demonstrate any 5‐HT7 receptor‐induced spike discharge based on the lack of response to 5‐carboxamidotryptamine. Similarly, the 5‐HT4 agonists 5‐methoxytryptamine and prucalopride evoked no immediate or late‐onset spike discharge.Conclusions & InferencesOur work demonstrated for the first time the presence of functional 5‐HT1P receptors on human submucous neurons. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a role of 5‐HT4 or 5‐HT7 receptors in the postsynaptic activation of human submucous neurons by 5‐HT.
Embodied learning in multiple sclerosis using melodic, sound, and visual feedback: a potential rehabilitation approach
Authors: Moumdjian Lousin , Six Joren , Veldkamp Renee , Geys Jenke , Van Der Linden Channa , Goetschalckx Mieke , Van Nieuwenhoven Johan , Bosmans Ilse , Leman Marc , Feys Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiven the prevalence of motor and cognitive functions in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), we proposed that the theoretical framework of embodiment could provide a rehabilitation avenue to train these functions as one functional unit. PwMS (n = 31) and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (n = 30) underwent an embodied learning protocol. This involved learning a cognitive sequence while performing it through bodily stepping movement under three feedback conditions (melody, sound, and visual). Cognitive and movement performance was assessed by a delayed recall 15 min after undergoing the embodied learning protocol. Half of participants correctly recalled the sequence in all three conditions, while 70% of healthy controls achieved correct recall within the melody condition. Balance impairment predicted the speed of executing the sequence irrespective of learning, most apparent in the melody condition. Information processing speed predicted the speed of executing the sequence in the melody and sound conditions between participants as well as over time. Those who learned performed the sequence faster in the melody condition only and overall were faster over time. We propose how embodied learning could expand the current context of rehabilitation of cognitive and motor control in PwMS.
BRITISH IRON AGE ‘HORN CAPS’: PUTTING THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE?
Authors: Fitzpatrick A.P. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe function of British Iron Age ‘horn caps’ has puzzled scholars for centuries. These hollow bronze objects were made from at least the fourth century BC and were mounted on thin wooden shafts. Drawing on the contextual evidence for the objects and the small number of comparable continental finds, it is suggested here that the caps were the terminals of the goads used by the drivers of horse‐drawn vehicles. Although the Celtic chariot and the graves in which they were sometimes placed have attracted great attention, the driver and the horses have been largely overlooked. The drivers may well have also been the horses’ grooms and could have been servants.
VETTERSFELDE HOARD: DECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENSEMBLE
Authors: Topal Denis 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAmong all the hoards containing ceremonial akinakai, (swords and daggers of Iranian origin), the assemblage of items discovered in 1882 near the village of Vettersfelde (Poland) is the most internally coherent. Judging by the motifs present on the golden objects richly decorated in the animal style – a fish‐shaped plaque, a clover‐shaped phalera and a sheath ornament of a sword – they make up a unified ensemble, most likely the result of one ritual event. The source of the items from Vettersfelde is usually associated with the Milesian colonies of the Pontic region, in which a certain artistic bilingualism is documented, with both Greek and ‘barbarian’ influences to be seen. Most likely, the choice of visual metaphors in the narrative was not accidental but something recognized both by the creator and the recipient. If the provenance for its manufacture is extended beyond the northern or western coast of the Black Sea, then the Milesian colonies of Eastern Greece could also claim that role. In particular, for a number of reasons, Cyzicus is a suitable candidate.‘It's still magic even if you know how it's done.’Terry Pratchett, A Hat Full of Sky
Chronic infrared‐A irradiation‐induced photoaging of human dermal fibroblasts from different donors at physiological temperature
Authors: Yang Jiwon , Song Jihyeon , Kim Su Ji , You Gayeon , Lee Jun Bae , Mok Hyejung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we examined cellular responses to acute and chronic IRA irradiation at mild and natural levels of exposure in two types of human fibroblasts, each isolated from a different donor, at physiological temperature (34°C).MethodTwo types of human dermal fibroblasts (derived from a 20‐ and 50‐year‐old women, respectively) were exposed to different repeat numbers of IRA exposure (3, 6, 10, and 14 times; 42 mW/cm2) at a frequency of 3–4 times per week (4 h per irradiation). Cellular responses to acute and chronic IRA irradiation were examined by reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptotic signals, cellular morphology, and collagen level.ResultsWe demonstrated that chronic IRA irradiation‐induced severe cellular damage, including prolonged cell proliferation, increased intracellular ROS levels, activated cellular apoptosis, and elongated cell morphology, whereas acute IRA irradiation had negligible effects at 34°C. In addition, it was evident that the degree of cellular damage due to IRA irradiation differed according to the type of fibroblasts.ConclusionsConsidering the severe cellular damage induced by chronic IRA irradiation without heat, continuous exposure of skin to IRA irradiation during daily life may be harmful enough to induce photoaging.
Metamorphosis of neutrophil transcriptional programme during Leishmania infection
Authors: DeSouza‐Vieira Thiago 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of neutrophils in the course of Leishmania infection remains controversial, displaying tremendous variability depending on the species of parasite, stage of infection, host genetic background, and methodological discrepancies among studies. Although neutrophils have long been categorized as short‐lived cells with limited capacity to express proteins de novo, recent advances have revealed significant plasticity in neutrophil transcriptional programmes and intrapopulation heterogeneity, which can be regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that together determine the profile of neutrophil effector response. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of neutrophil transcriptional plasticity, neutrotime, evidence of Leishmania‐mediated alterations in neutrophil transcriptome leading to the rise of subpopulations, and finally, functional implications of those findings to the course of Leishmania infection.
Participation in survey research among mothers with a recent live birth: A comparison of mothers with living versus deceased infants − Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2016–2019
Authors: Kortsmit Katherine , Shulman Holly , Smith Ruben A. , Shapiro‐Mendoza Carrie K. , Parks Sharyn E. , Folger Suzanne , Whiteman Maura , Harrison Leslie , Cox Shanna , Christiansen‐Lindquist Lauren , Barfield Wanda D. , Warner Lee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite high infant mortality rates in the United States relative to other developed countries, little is known about survey participation among mothers of deceased infants.ObjectiveTo assess differences in survey response, contact and cooperation rates for mothers of deceased versus. living infants at the time of survey mailing (approximately 2–6 months postpartum), overall and by select maternal and infant characteristics.MethodsWe analysed 2016–2019 data for 50 sites from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a site‐specific, population‐based surveillance system of mothers with a recent live birth. We assessed differences in survey participation between mothers of deceased and living infants. Using American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) standard definitions and terminology, we calculated proportions of mothers who participated and were successfully contacted among sampled mothers (weighted response and contact rates, respectively), and who participated among contacted mothers (weighted cooperation rate). We then constructed multivariable survey‐weighted logistic regression models to examine the adjusted association between infant vital status and weighted response, contact and cooperation rates, within strata of maternal and infant characteristics.ResultsAmong sampled mothers, 0.3% (weighted percentage, n = 2795) of infants had records indicating they were deceased at the time of survey mailing and 99.7% (weighted percentage, n = 344,379) did not. Mothers of deceased infants had lower unadjusted weighted response (48.3% vs. 56.2%), contact (67.9% vs. 74.3%) and cooperation rates (71.1% vs. 75.6%). However, after adjusting for covariates, differences in survey participation by infant vital status were reduced.ConclusionsAfter covariate adjustment, differences in PRAMS participation rates were attenuated. However, participation rates among mothers of deceased infants remain two to four percentage points lower compared with mothers of living infants. Strategies to increase PRAMS participation could inform knowledge about experiences and behaviours before, during and shortly after pregnancy to help reduce infant mortality.
Mechanisms supporting the social regulation of neural threat responding with marital partners: A test of the opioid hypothesis
Authors: Beckes Lane , Medina‐DeVilliers Sara E. , Gunderson Erik W. , Coan James A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPositive social contact predicts better health, but the mechanisms for this association remain debated. One way to explore this link is through the social regulation of emotion, particularly anticipatory anxiety. Previous research finds less neural threat response during partner handholding than when people are alone or stranger handholding. Various mechanistic accounts have been forwarded, including the hypothesis that this effect is mediated by endogenous opioid activity. This experiment critically tested the opioid hypothesis in 60 married participants and their partners. The study used a naltrexone opioid blockade in a double‐blind placebo control with functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether endogenous opioids were necessary for handholding effects. Regulatory effects of supportive handholding manifested in threat network regions during opioid blockade, but not with placebo. Despite a surprising lack of effect in the placebo group, the overall study findings provide initial evidence that endogenous opioids may not be necessary for the social regulation of neural threat responding.
Heat stress during critical windows of the oestrous cycle and risk of pregnancy establishment in embryo‐recipient dairy heifers
Authors: Abdel Aziz Rabie L. , Hussein Mahmoud M. , Mohamed Mostafa A. A. , Elsaid Hussein , Abdel‐Wahab Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine effects of exposure of recipient dairy heifers to heat stress (THI ≥ 73) during the oestrous cycle coinciding with embryo transfer (ET) on the risk of pregnancy establishment after transfer of in vivo produced embryos. Recipients exposed to THI values ≥73 during Days zero (recipient estrus), 7 (day of ET), 14 (seven days after ET), 15 and 16 (maternal recognition of pregnancy) of the ET cycle were considered as heat‐stressed heifers (n = 254), while heifers in the control group (n = 470) were not exposed to THI ≥ 73 at any of the previous days. Results revealed no significant effects of any of the investigated factors on the risk of pregnancy following ET. However, the mean THI above 77 was associated with a drastic numerical decrease in PR/ET (36.63%), when compared to a mean THI 72 (78.78%). In addition, PR/ET after transfer of second‐ and third‐grade embryos were numerically lower in heat‐stressed recipients, compared with first‐grade embryos (41.17% vs. 56.36%, respectively). Our findings confirmed that transfer of blastocysts was associated with numerically higher PR/ET in heat‐stressed and control recipients, as compared to morula stage. Interestingly, PR/ET tended to be higher when sexed embryos were transferred to the control recipients compared with heat‐stressed ones. In conclusion, PR/ET in dairy heifers was not significantly affected by heat stress during critical windows of their oestrous cycle coinciding with ET, whereas transfer of sexed embryos gives lower results under conditions of heat stress.
Global Markets, Risk, and Organized Irresponsibility in Regional Australia: Emergent Cosmopolitan Identities Among Local Food Producers in the Liverpool Plains☆
Authors: Forbes‐Mewett Helen , Nguyen‐Trung Kien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reflects on the conditions that emerge as regional Australia becomes increasingly immersed in international markets, global and local political shifts, and changing environmental conditions. In the Liverpool Plains region, farmers are deeply reliant on global export markets. Meanwhile, global demand for Australian minerals continues to produce both economic development and environmental degradation. In this context, farmers are drawing on transnational and national social movements to collectively construct their knowledge of risk and “organized irresponsibility” and resist environmental risk by positioning themselves as a part of a cosmopolitan public. While consistently evaluating risks associated with a proposed coal mine, farmers see themselves as having an ethical responsibility as food producers to provide for increasing global populations in a precarious world. These conditions are productive of new risks, identities, as well as new forms of critical, collective practice.
Low‐dose prophylaxis and its impact on the health of haemophilia patients
Authors: Shetty Shrimati , Bansal Shweta , Kshirsagar Shrinath , Rangarajan Savita , Hajirnis Kalpana , Phadke Varsha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is convincing evidence to show that low‐dose prophylaxis (LDP) results in reduction in annualized bleeding rate (ABR) and better health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with on‐demand or episodic treatment (ET) in haemophilia patients. The aim is to review various LDP protocols practised for the treatment of haemophilia, specifically in resource‐limited countries.MethodsA literature survey was made of articles published in English language in PubMed and EMBASE without any time limit using keywords ‘low dose’, ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘haemophilia’ in different combinations.ResultsA total of 19 reports involving LDP in patients with haemophilia were included in this review. Almost all studies reported reduction in ABR, improvement in joint function, pain and HRQoL compared with ET, but this did not fully translate into significant improvement in structural arthropathy already caused by earlier bleeds, suggesting that LDP may be less or ineffective in either stopping or reversing the damage. Individualized dose escalation protocols based on pharmacokinetic (PK) or clinical parameters were found to be superior to fixed LDP protocols and cost‐effective compared with standard dose protocols.ConclusionThe developing countries can initiate LDP as the first step of prophylaxis, but certainly this should not be the final goal of the health care system in any country. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying haemophilic arthropathy, long‐term data on LDP in haemophilia patients are warranted.
Effect of single and double hemitenotomy on equine deep digital flexor tendon length and strength in experimental load challenges
Authors: Zetterström Sandra M. , Boone Lindsey H. , Farag Ramsis , Weimar Wendy H. , Caldwell Fred J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a double hemitenotomy (DHT) technique as an alternative to complete deep digital flexor (DDFT) tenotomy.Study designExperimental ex vivo study.Sample populationIsolated DDFTs (n = 30) and cadaveric forelimbs (n = 16).MethodsIn part 1, 15 isolated DDFT pairs were used. Two hemitenotomies were created in 1 DDFT while the other served as reference. Monotonic tensile load was applied. Tendon lengthening, load reduction, and load at failure were recorded. In part 2, 16 cadaveric forelimb pairs were subjected to DHT followed by complete tenotomy (CT) under monotonic compressive load.Differences between DHT and controls were assessed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests or Friedman tests.ResultsIn isolated tendons and cadaveric forelimbs, DHT resulted in DDFT lengthening (median, +1.9 mm and + 3.05 mm) and load reduction (median, −16.7 and −11.2 kg). Less lengthening was achieved with DHT compared to CT (P = .008). Load reduction did not occur between DHT and CT was observed during compressive testing (P = 1). Load reduction following the first hemitenotomy incision was smaller when compared to the second (P = .022). Isolated DHT tendons failed at a tensile load of 195 kg, while no intact tendons failed (P = .0001).ConclusionDouble hemitenotomy was comparable to CT in load reduction. It reduced tensile strength, but load at failure was similar or exceeded the estimated DDFT load at stance.Clinical significanceHemitenotomy may be a useful alternative for surgical management of horses with laminitis, but in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The Online Education in the Higher Education, a Complete System Rather Than Just a Platform
Authors: Abdelaziz Samir 
Published: April 2022

The online education in the higher education is a complete system rather than just a platform. The participants for this research study included twenty enrollees in distance learning programs. The respondents got online instruction from two distinct higher education institutions (the University of Florida and the Florida State University). The qualitative research design chosen for this study was conducted through observations, and interviews. To begin the study, each respondent had a formal structured interview recorded and transcribed. The interviews with each respondent lasted around 60 minutes on average. Depending on the respondents' preferences, interviews were done at a convenient location, such as their workplace, the university library, or dorm room. Interviews with each participant were performed in an unstructured manner. The following were among the favorable experiences: ease of connection, availability of technical help, self-paced learning, convenience, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability of the program. The difficulties included: a feeling of isolation, self-motivation, and self-regulation, inability to get help from the teacher, and a delay in seeking feedback. The following factors contributed to participants' positive interactions: accessibility to the internet and technology, a well-designed instructional format, easily accessible technical help from the institution, immediate grade filings following assessments, and a flexible learning participative timetable. Untimely or ineffective communication from the educator was among the variables that contributed to participants' unfavorable experiences. Other factors were boring educational approaches, a lack of technical assistance, a lack of interpersonal connection, and an inadequately-designed course interface.