bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
URINARY METABOLOMICS OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Meyerle Catherine B. , Lyu Pin , Qian Jiang , Freund K. Bailey , Hafiz Gulnar , Handa James T. , Semba Richard D. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the urinary metabolomic profile of central serous chorioretinopathy cases.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 80 participants with central serous chorioretinopathy were compared with 80 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Urinary metabolites were measured using Metabolon's Discovery HD4 platform.

Results:
Of 1,031 metabolites total that were measured in urine samples, 53 were upregulated and 27 downregulated in central serous chorioretinopathy participants compared with controls. After exclusion of potentially confounding xenobiotics and bile compounds that could represent digestive processes, 14 metabolites were significantly higher and 12 metabolites were significantly lower in cases compared with controls. One upregulated metabolite (tetrahydrocortisol sulfate) is involved in the corticosteroid subpathway. The downregulated metabolites are unrelated to the identified corticosteroid subpathway.

Conclusion:
The upregulation of urinary tetrahydrocortisol sulfate in central serous chorioretinopathy cases provides a precise molecular basis to further study the role of corticosteroids in producing choroidal venous congestion.
Jugular Foramen Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repaired Via the Infralaybryinthine Approach With Adjunct Use of Intrathecal Fluorescein and Stereotactic Navigation
Authors: Patel Tirth R. , Losenegger Tasher , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Jhaveri Miral , Byrne Richard W. , Wiet R. Mark 
Published: December 2022

Objective
This report describes a case of a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak at the jugular foramen that was surgically repaired via the infralabyrinthine approach with adjunct use of intrathecal fluorescein and stereotactic navigation.

Patients
A 39-year-old woman presenting with clear otorrhea confirmed to be cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) emanating from a defect in the jugular foramen.

Intervention
Surgical repair of the skull base defect using an infralabyrinthine approach to the jugular foramen. During surgery, intrathecal fluorescein and stereotactic navigation were used to localize the defect and confirm a successful repair.

Main Outcome Measure
Recurrence of a CSF leak.

Results
The defect was successfully repaired using the techniques described, resulting in cessation of the patient's CSF leak. There was no recurrence of the CSF leak up to a 4-month postoperative outpatient follow-up.

Conclusions
Diagnosis and repair of spontaneous otogenic CSF leaks in an uncommon location like the jugular foramen are challenging. This report demonstrates the successful use of the infralabyrinthine approach for control of a CSF from the jugular foramen. In addition, use of techniques, such as intrathecal fluorescein and stereotactic navigation that are not routinely used in otology and neurotology allowed for safe, effective repair of the leak in this case.
Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Setting of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Temporal Bone Study
Authors: Wong Yu-Tung , Lopez Ivan A. , Wichova Helena , Ishiyama Akira , Miller Mia E. 
Published: December 2022

Hypothesis
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) may be associated with endolymphatic hydrops (EH). EH may account for symptomatology in a subset of patients with VS.

Background
Presenting symptoms of VS and EH overlap, and MRI evaluation of the membranous labyrinth in some patients with VS demonstrates EH. The aim of the current study is to evaluate whether EH is present in temporal bones of patients with VS.

Methods
The NIDCD and House Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA Eccles database was queried for the diagnosis of “acoustic neuroma.” Exclusion criteria included concomitant ear disease and surgery. Temporal bones were analyzed for EH of the basal, middle, and apical turns and vestibule. Premortem audiometric and clinical data were gathered.

Results
Of 43 human temporal bones with VS, 6 met inclusion criteria. All temporal bones demonstrated VS that was undisturbed by surgery. Three of six demonstrated EH of at least one cochlear turn as well as vestibular hydrops. Three patients had severe to profound hearing loss. One patient carried a diagnosis of Menière’s disease.

Conclusions
EH is demonstrated in the setting of VS in human temporal bones. EH may be one mechanism of hearing loss and dizziness in patients with VS.

Professional Practice Gap and Educational Need
The underlying mechanisms of symptoms of VS may be multifactorial. The association of EH in some patients with VS would modify our clinical approach to management.

Learning Objective
To discover if EH may be associated with VS.

Desired Result
To broaden understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms in patients with VS.

Level of Evidence
Level IV

IRB Approved: UCLA IRB No. 10-001449
Adding Kinetic Energy Does Not Further Improve Treatment Outcomes With a Mechanical Reposition Chair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kjærsgaard Jonas Bruun , Petersen Niels Krintel , Hougaard Dan Dupont 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To test if the addition of abrupt deaccelerations (kinetic energy) during treatment with a mechanical repositional chair (MRC) provides improved treatment efficacy with treatment of posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Study Design
Randomized two-armed parallel open-labeled clinical trial.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Seventy patients diagnosed with posterior canalolithiasis BPPV were included.

Intervention(s)
All patients underwent diagnostics and treatment with an MRC. Patients were randomized to either a traditional Epley maneuver or a potentiated version of the Epley maneuver where kinetic energy was applied in five positions with 45-degree turns between each step.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Primary endpoint was the number of treatments needed before complete resolution of both subjective symptoms and objective signs of BPPV within the semicircular canal of interest. Secondary endpoints included the following: 1) number of patients requiring more than 10 treatments, 2) length of treatment in days before treatment(s) were successful, and 3) changes in total Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores before and after treatment.

Results
No significant difference in the number of required treatments between the two treatment arms was found. Approximately three of four subjects were cured after two repositional maneuvers regardless of type of treatment. An equal length of treatment was seen with both groups, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores were significantly lowered after treatment with no significant differences between the two types of treatment.

Conclusions
Both the traditional and the potentiated Epley maneuver are efficient in treatment of canalolithiasis of the posterior semicircular canals with MRC. Addition of kinetic energy with this subgroup of BPPV patients does not seem to add further efficacy to the treatment.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT in Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Kunikowska Jolanta , Bizoń Magdalena , Pełka Kacper , Derlatka Paweł , Olszewski Maciej , Królicki Leszek 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of the Report
Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease due to the absence of specific symptoms and a lack of sensitive diagnostic methods. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed on prostate cancer cells but can be found in other tumors such as ovarian cancer.
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in detection of ovarian neoplasm before surgical treatment.

Patients and Methods
Eight women with mean age of 56.0 ± 16.2 years were included in the study. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound followed by CT scan of the chest and abdomen as qualification for surgery. Within a 1-week interval, PET/CT was performed on a Siemens Biograph scanner, 60 minutes after injection of 2 MBq/kg 68Ga-PSMA-11.

Results
In 3 cases (37.5%), the 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was positive, whereas histological examination confirmed 2 serous ovarian cancer cases and 1 ovarian borderline tumor. The SUVmax in the serous ovarian cancer was 8.7 and 4.1, and in the borderline ovarian tumor, it was 13.8. No correlation was found between antigen CA-125 level and 68Ga-PSMA expression. Range of tumor SUVmax was not correlated with stage of disease. The remaining 62.5% (5/8) were negative in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and histopathology confirmed benign pelvic tumor.

Conclusions
The initial experience supports the potential to use 68Ga-PSMA-11 in ovarian cancer to differentiate malignant and benign tumors before surgery.
This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw (KB/2/A/2018).
Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound suppresses pain by modulating pain processing brain circuits
Authors: Kim Min Gon , Yu Kai , Yeh Chih-Yu , Fouda Raghda , Argueta Donovan , Kiven Stacy , Ni Yunruo , Niu Xiaodan , Chen Qiyang , Kim Kang , Gupta Kalpna , He Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent and unmet clinical need to develop non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain management due to the critical side effects of opioids. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technology with high spatial specificity and deep brain penetration. Here, we developed a tightly-focused 128-element ultrasound transducer to specifically target small mouse brains, employing dynamic focus steering. We demonstrate that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation at pain processing brain circuits can significantly alter pain-associated behaviors in mouse models in vivo. Our findings indicate that a single-session focused ultrasound stimulation to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) significantly attenuates heat pain sensitivity in wild-type mice and modulates heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in a humanized mouse model of chronic pain in sickle cell disease. Results further revealed a sustained behavioral change associated with heat hypersensitivity by targeting deeper cortical structures (e.g., insula) and multi-session focused ultrasound stimulation to S1 and insula. Analyses of brain electrical rhythms through electroencephalography demonstrated a significant change in noxious heat hypersensitive- and chronic hyperalgesia-associated neural signals following focused ultrasound treatment. Validation of efficacy was carried out through control experiments, tuning ultrasound parameters, adjusting inter-experiment intervals, and investigating effects on age, gender, genotype, and in a head-fixed awake model. Importantly, transcranial focused ultrasound was shown to be safe, causing no adverse effects on motor function and brain neuropathology. In conclusion, the rich experimental evidence validates the ability of novel focused ultrasound neuromodulation to suppress pain, presenting significant translational potential for next-generation chronic pain treatment without adverse effects.Key pointsNovel non-invasive neuromodulation of brain’s pain processing circuits with submillimeter spatial precision for pain managementTranscranial focused ultrasound significantly modulates pain-related behaviors and brain electrical rhythms of pain in humanized SCD mice
COVID-19 Reinfections in Mexico City: Implications for public health response
Authors: de Anda-Jauregui Guillermo , Gómez-Romero Laura , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Cañas Sofía , Campos-Romero Abraham , Alcantar-Fernández Jonathan , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Herrera Luis A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 pandemia continues to be important even when more than 60% of the global population has been vaccinated. As the pandemia evolves the number of reinfection cases will continue to increase as new variants are generated that evade the immune response. Understanding reinfections is important to guide the public health system and to inform decision-makers.MethodsWe downloaded clinical outcome and severity of infection data from the SISVER (respiratory disease epidemiological surveillance system) database. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples, identified SARS-CoV-2 lineage and upload this genomic data to GISAID. We analyzed time and lineage between index infection and reinfection. We also analyzed the clinical outcome, severity of infection and vaccination status during reinfections.FindingsIn this study we confirmed that each wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections was characterized by a different viral variant showing a prevalence higher that 95%. We found that the fraction of reinfection is not linearly related to the average time of separation between waves with 40% of all the reinfections occurring at wave 5, the only wave with more than one SARS-CoV-2 variant with a prevalence higher than 80%. Regarding type of care 2.63% patients were considered ambulatory during the reinfection even when they were hospitalized during the index infection and only 0.78% presented the opposite behavior. Moreover, 6.74% reinfections transitioned from asymptomatic to mild or severe or from mild to severe; and 8.95% transitioned from severe to mild or asymptomatic or from mild to asymptomatic. The highest number of reinfections have occurred in unvaccinated patients (41.6%), followed shortly by vaccinated patients (31.9%). However, most reinfections occurred after wave 4 when the national vaccination efforts have reached 65% of the general population.InterpretationThe analyzed data suggests a diminished severity of infection during reinfection either if transitions in disease severity or transitions in type of patient care are considered. Finally, we also observed an overrepresentation of unvaccinated patients in reinfections.
Cryo-EM map anisotropy can be attenuated by map post-processing and a new method for its estimation
Authors: Sanchez-Garcia Ruben , Gaullier Guillaume , Cuadra-Troncoso Jose Manuel , Vargas Javier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the most important challenges in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is the substantial number of samples that exhibit preferred orientations, which leads to an uneven coverage of the projection sphere. As a result, the overall quality of the reconstructed maps can be severely affected, as manifested by the presence of anisotropy in the map resolution. Several methods have been proposed to measure the directional resolution of maps in tandem with experimental protocols to address the problem of preferential orientations in cryo-EM. Following these works, in this manuscript we identified one potential limitation that may affect most of the existing methods and we proposed an alternative approach to evaluate the presence of preferential orientations in cryo-EM reconstructions. In addition, we also showed that some of the most recently proposed cryo-EM map post-processing algorithms can attenuate map anisotropy, thus offering alternative visualization opportunities for cases affected by moderate levels of preferential orientations.
Explaining the primate extinction crisis: predictors of extinction risk and active threats
Authors: Creighton Maria J.A. , Nunn Charles L. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTExplaining why some species are disproportionately impacted by the extinction crisis is of critical importance for conservation biology as a science and for proactively protecting species that are likely to become threatened in the future. Using the most current data on threat status, population trends, and threat types for 446 primate species, we advance previous research on the determinants of extinction risk by including a wider array of phenotypic traits as predictors, filling gaps in these trait data using multiple imputation, and investigating the mechanisms that connect organismal traits to extinction risk. Our Bayesian phylogenetically controlled analyses reveal that insular species exhibit higher threat status, while those that are more omnivorous and live in larger groups have lower threat status. The same traits are not linked to risk when repeating our analyses with older IUCN data, which may suggest that the traits influencing species risk are changing as anthropogenic effects continue to transform natural landscapes. We also show that non-insular, larger-bodied, and arboreal species are more susceptible to key threats responsible for primate population declines. Collectively, these results provide new insights to the determinants of primate extinction and identify the mechanisms (i.e., threats) that link traits to extinction risk.
Highly dynamic evolution of the chemosensory system driven by gene gain and loss across subterranean beetles
Authors: Balart-García Pau , Bradford Tessa M. , Beasley-Hall Perry G. , Polak Slavko , Cooper Steven J. B. , Fernández Rosa 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTChemical cues in subterranean habitats differ highly from those on the surface due to the contrasting environmental conditions, such as absolute darkness, high humidity or food scarcity. Subterranean animals underwent changes to their sensory systems to facilitate the perception of essential stimuli for underground lifestyles. Despite representing unique systems to understand biological adaptation, the genomic basis of chemosensation across cave-dwelling species remains unexplored from a macroevolutionary perspective. Here, we explore the evolution of chemoreception in three beetle tribes that underwent at least six independent transitions to the underground, through a phylogenomics spyglass. Our findings suggest that the chemosensory gene repertoire varies dramatically between species. Overall, no parallel changes in the net rate of evolution of chemosensory gene families were detected prior, during, or after the habitat shift among subterranean lineages. Contrarily, we found evidence of lineage-specific changes within surface and subterranean lineages. However, our results reveal key duplications and losses shared between some of the lineages transitioning to the underground, including the loss of sugar receptors and gene duplications of the highly conserved ionotropic receptors IR25a and IR8a, involved in thermal and humidity sensing among other olfactory roles in insects. These duplications were detected both in independent subterranean lineages and their surface relatives, suggesting parallel evolution of these genes across lineages giving rise to cave-dwelling species. Overall, our results shed light on the genomic basis of chemoreception in subterranean beetles and contribute to our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of adaptation to the subterranean lifestyle at a macroevolutionary scale.
Trait-specific indirect effects underlie variation in the response of spiders to cannibalistic social partners
Authors: Henriques Jorge F. , Lacava Mariángeles , Guzman Celeste , Gavin-Centol Maria Pilar , Ruiz-Lupión Dolores , Ruiz Alberto , Viera Carmen , Moya-Laraño Jordi , Magalhães Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganisms may respond in different ways to the risk posed by conspecifics, but the cause of such variation remains elusive. Here, we use a half-sib/full-sib design to evaluate the contribution of (indirect) genetic or environmental effects to the behavioral response of the cannibalistic wolf spiderLycosa fasciiventris(Dufour, 1835) towards conspecific cues. Spiders showed variation in relative occupancy time, activity, and velocity on patches with or without conspecific cues, but direct genetic variance was only found for occupancy time. These three traits were correlated and could be lumped in a principal component: spiders spending more time in patches with conspecific cues moved less and at a lower rate in those areas. Genetic and/or environmental components of carapace width and weight loss in the social partner were significantly correlated with the principal component of focal individuals. Variation in these traits may reflect the quality and/or quantity of cues produced by social partners, hence focal individuals were likely behaving along a continuum of strategies in response to the risk posed by social partners. Therefore, environmental and genetic trait variation in the social partners may be key to maintain trait diversity in focal individuals, even in the absence of direct genetic variation.
The more synthetic polymer types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants
Authors: Fu Yanmei , van Kleunen Mark , Ma Kai , Liu Yanjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough most studies on the ecological effects of microplastic pollution focus on a single type of synthetic polymer and a single species, most organisms will be exposed to multiple polymer types simultaneously and the effects may vary among species. To test the effects of polymer diversity on plants, we grew single plants of eight invasive and eight native species in pots with substrate polluted by 0, 1, 3 and 6 types of micro-sized synthetic polymers. We found that the growth suppression by microplastic pollution became stronger with the number of polymer types the plants were exposed to. This tended to be particularly the case for invasive species, whose biomass advantage over natives diminished with the number of polymer types. Our study thus shows that the negative effects of microplastic pollution on plant growth increase with the number of polymer types, and that these effects differ between invasive and native species.
Towards a Clinically-based Common Coordinate Framework for the Human Gut Cell Atlas - The Gut Models
Authors: Burger Albert , Baldock Richard , Adams David J , Din Shahida , Papatheodorou Irene , Glinka Michael , Hill Bill , Houghton Derek , Sharghi Mehran , Wicks Michael , Arends Mark J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Human Cell Atlas resource will deliver single cell transcriptome data spatially organised in terms of gross anatomy, tissue location and with images of cellular histology. This will enable the application of bioinformatics analysis, machine learning and data mining revealing an atlas of cell types, sub-types, varying states and ultimately cellular changes related to disease conditions. To further develop the understanding of specific pathological and histopathological phenotypes with their spatial relationships and dependencies, a more sophisticated spatial descriptive framework is required to enable integration and analysis in spatial terms.MethodsWe describe a conceptual coordinate model for the Gut Cell Atlas (small and large intestines). Here, we focus on a Gut Linear Model (1-dimensional representation based on the centreline of the gut) that represents the location semantics as typically used by clinicians and pathologists when describing location in the gut. This knowledge representation is based on a set of standardised gut anatomy ontology terms describing regionsin situ, such as ileum or transverse colon, and landmarks, such as ileo-caecal valve or hepatic flexure, together with relative or absolute distance measures. We show how locations in the 1D model can be mapped to and from points and regions in both a 2D model and 3D models, such as a patient’s CT scan where the gut has been segmented.ResultsThe outputs of this work include 1D, 2D and 3D models of the human gut, delivered through publicly accessible Json and image files. We also illustrate the mappings between models using a demonstrator tool that allows the user to explore the anatomical space of the gut. All data and software is fully open-source and available online.ConclusionsSmall and large intestines have a natural “gut coordinate” system best represented as a 1D centreline through the gut tube, reflecting functional differences. Such a 1D centreline model with landmarks, visualised using viewer software allows interoperable translation to both a 2D anatomogram model and multiple 3D models of the intestines. This permits users to accurately locate samples for data comparison.