bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Livelihoods of Boarding House (Indekos) Entrepreneurs in Sleman Regency During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Tumus M G R , Khadijatusalma  , Rahajeng P D , Khairina N G , Ardianto S D , Fajarwati A , Rijanta R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sleman Regency, known as the Student City, is greatly affected by the mobility restriction policy which results in a gradual emptying process of boarding houses, so there is an urgency for regional studies regarding the impact of the pandemic on the livelihoods of boarding house business actors in Sleman Regency. In addition, there is no latest policy from the regency government to overcome the said impact other than the policy of implementing health protocols. Hence, the study focuses on the living conditions and livelihood strategies of boarding house entrepreneurs who are heavily affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper aimed to look at two points of view, namely the bottom-up approach to see the affected objects related to changes in the livelihood strategies of boarding house entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 pandemic and the response of business actors in dealing with shock due to the pandemic; and the top-down approach to see the parties who have legal authority by conducting a critical study of the policies at the regency level related to boarding house business actors before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research found that there were changes in the assets and livelihood strategies of entrepreneurs which varied following the capacity of the boarding house entrepreneur. Whereas based on a top-down point of view; despite the change in social assistance policies in terms of the type of assistance, targets, and the amount of assistance provided before and during the Covid-19 pandemic; there is no social assistance that is directed specifically to boarding house business actors.
Reconsidering the assessment method of Environmental implications of Circular Economy in the Built Environment
Authors: Andersen S C , Birkved M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Are we capable of addressing environmental consequences on societal scale of circular solutions for the Built Environment, or merely capable of addressing these impacts applying a narrow product/corporation perspective? Considering evaluations and quantifications of environmental implications associated with implementations of Circular Economy (CE) design processes in the Built Environment, we postulate that these solutions necessitate decision-support tool-advancement, as CE does not allow for business-as-usual (BAU) assessments only. The BAU assessments of environmental impacts in the built environment, seem to paint a certain picture of the circularity paradigm. The question, however, is whether, by relying on simplified assessments, we end up barely making it to the finish line, very late, and risking loosing focus and creating sectoral burden-shifting. Application of LCA has created a paradoxical situation in the building industry. Gaining more experience in application of LCA, the industry steadily increases the complexity level of the questions to be addressed by LCA, thus increasing scale and complexity of systems to be assessed. Hence, currently, large systems such as CE models for the built environment, are often assessed in the same manner as we assess single buildings and building parts, despite that CE models have a much higher potential to generate feedback effects, so that the system under assessment, changes due to the entity/service being assessed. The main question is hence whether life cycle assessors operating within the built environment are aware of the challenges they are facing when answering questions regarding CE, and if these are addressed, assessment wise, in the /appropriate manner? Secondly, we need to consider how we facilitate assessment of systems at various physical and temporal scales in such a way that it becomes economically and technically feasible for the industry to address complex sustainability questions. This paper discusses possible future application potentials of LCA and propose consistent scenario definition, and thus looks into the question: how come, that we assess almost all systems in a ‘static’ manner, while being completely aware of that we live in a dynamic world? Are we, within LCA, addressing the need for improving the realism of the models that we derive in a sufficient and applicable manner?
Paving the way towards circularity in the building sector. Empa’s Sprint Unit as a beacon of swift and circular construction
Authors: Kakkos E , Hischier R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to achieve the CO2 targets stipulated within the Paris Agreement, future buildings must be constructed in such a way, that their emission profile will be close to zero. In order to achieve this, a radical shift towards a circular construction manner which encompasses topics like material reuse (i.e. design for multiple lifecycles), design-for-disassembly (allowing for maximum recovery of materials and minimization of construction waste) must be promoted against todays, conventional construction practices. Furthermore, the current Covid-19 pandemic has shown that buildings must be constructed in a more flexible manner, in order to be adaptable to changing needs as quickly as possible – including new types of needs. A transition to such a circular construction practice requires also new approaches for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), taking into account issues such as the circularity or multiple life cycle of materials. Conventional LCA methods fail to deliver trustworthy results as they are designed to assess products and buildings that have only a single life cycle. In this context, a newly constructed unit, set to be the embodiment of the circular construction principle that incorporates all the above-mentioned concepts in the form of a cluster of flexible office spaces, has been integrated into the research building NEST (Next Evolution in Sustainable Building Technologies) – a platform located at the Empa campus in Dübendorf (Switzerland), where novel building technologies can be tested and validated under realistic conditions. Its name: Sprint. In this paper, the environmental performance of Sprint is assessed through LCA, using three different approaches – the EN15804 method, the Product Environmental Footprint method and the Linear Degressive approach – with the latter two approaches considering the circularity of materials, while each one having an own, distinctive allocation rule for the split of the impacts between the current, the previous and the subsequent lifecycles.
Demolish or reuse? – The balance between operational and embodied emissions in the retrofit of commercial buildings
Authors: Abbey D , Arbabi H , Gillott C , Ward W , Tingley D D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are two clear options for reducing the emissions of poorly-performing buildings: refurbishment of the space to a higher standard or demolition and replacement with a better performing building. Non-residential buildings are subject to the latter of these options more than dwellings due to higher rates of ownership changes. This study assesses the carbon emissions of each of the above options for a poorly-performing retail building in Sheffield, UK. The embodied carbon and operational performance of each scenario are calculated to identify the most sustainable option over a 50 year lifespan. The scenario with the lowest emissions is found to be a retrofit case study relying upon electricity as its sole fuel source. The new build scenarios emitted significantly more carbon over the building’s lifespan despite performing better operationally than the refurbishment scenario. It was also found that, due to the decarbonisation of the national grid, relying on gas boilers instead of electric fuel sources would make carbon emissions approximately 2.5x bigger in the refurbishment model, despite being legal under UK building regulations.
Drivers and Challenges for Implementing Sustainability-oriented Upgrading in Social Housing in Brazil
Authors: Vasconcellos L H , Kowaltowski D , Gomes V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Social housing (SH) development is, in general, triggered by policies and regulations, which stimulate interventions, create financing mechanisms, and designate agents conducive to retrofit processes. European directives for energy efficiency and the recent call for a ‘retrofit wave’ have an evident influence. In Brazil, delivery and management of SH are based on the public offer of housing units and their immediate ownership transfer. National or state housing agencies are responsible for basic maintenance for five years, but other post-delivery interventions depend exclusively on the effort and expenses of the occupant. SH budgets leave little or no margin for extra spending and bringing SH to international sustainability standards is yet not mandatory. The issues that arise to implement upgrading in this context are therefore related to the following questions: What are the priority actions in upgrading processes? What type of financing would be required or is available? What is the project execution model and who are the stakeholders involved? This article focuses on the issue of prioritization of actions for upgrading SH. A systematic literature review examined reported sustainability-related housing improvements. A critical review of a Brazilian building label and two international sustainability assessment methods then supported ranking the upgrading actions according to the relevance assigned in their respective contexts. Finally, a panel of construction professionals provided insights regarding the technical feasibility and intrusiveness of their implementation in both single- and multi-family SH projects. Findings show that minor upgrading actions, such as changing hydraulic or electrical fixtures or landscaping, usually do not cost more than implementing them from the outcome and are equally applicable to single- and multi-family SH projects. But, when high-level (deep upgrading) interventions are on the table, costs rapidly increase due to the need to substantially change existing systems or supporting structures, which makes them often financially and/or technically unfeasible.
New Angles for Adaptive Building Reuse Research
Authors: Bowyer E C , Stephenson V , Hawkins W , Ibell T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper seeks to establish the current state of research into adaptive building reuse with the view to highlighting new approaches and opportunities for expanding the collective knowledge on this subject. This approach focuses on appraisal and evaluation of current methods by looking through a structural engineering lens and considering the most beneficial options in terms of reducing additional embodied carbon intensity in our built environment.
Exploring long-term building stock strategies in Switzerland in line with IPCC carbon budgets
Authors: Priore Y D , Jusselme T , Habert G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stringent limits and reduction strategies paths on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being defined at different levels for long-term temperature stabilization. Given the nearly linear relationship between warming and cumulative net emissions, a carbon budget approach is required to limit global warming, as stated by the IPCC. In this setting, the built environment, as a cross-sectorial and transnational area of activity, plays a crucial role in today’s carbon emissions and future reduction potentials. Previous research showed the need for effective and aligned carbon-targets to support and guide all actors in the construction sector towards these challenging global goals. In this context, previous research compared top-down derived carbon budgets for the Swiss built environment with a preliminary estimation of future cumulative emissions of the sector. Findings showed the misalignment of current best practices and the significant magnitude of effort that would be required to comply with such objectives. Nevertheless, limitations in the preliminary work emerged, such as the lack of dynamicity of the parameters included in the model restricting the representativity of its results. The current paper brings further this previous work by integrating the dynamic evolution of the energy supply, the materials’ production, and the renovation rate. Results are then presented by mean of a parallel coordinate interactive graph. This interactive component allows the parametric exploration of the compliance with limited global budgets by varying the input parameters. This way the influence of macro-level strategies to decarbonize the Swiss building stock can easily be visualized with reference to the IPCC carbon budgets. Ultimately, the available interactive tool might support policy makers in decisions taken at the building stock level.
Fringe Timber: Informing Regional Mass Timber Urban Environments with Biodiverse Forests
Authors: Wikstrom L , Yu C Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Trees present a vast array of performance in density, growth speed, height, fibre strength, and rates of carbon absorption. This paper explores how biodiverse mass timber is a way to support forest health and improve the health conditions of the most vulnerable—those who have experienced the pollution of mineral-based materials for generations. This symbiotic relationship between forests and urban environments incentivizes better care for both spaces, the transfer of materials should be reciprocal. Fringe Timber looks at the forest surrounding a city to inform its scale of growth and reduce its carbon footprint. Using three case studies in New York City, Denver, and Tulsa, this paper posits city-specific, species-driven supply chains beyond softwoods for mass timber, including hardwoods and hybrids, to support the appropriate scale and speed for urban development.
Benefits of wooden structure reuse: the case of an Austrian building
Authors: Hoxha E , Soust-Verdaguer B , Scherz M , Passer A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The building sector is responsible for 39% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; thus, it has a significant amount of potential to reduce the effects of climate change. Several active- and passive solutions and strategies have been developed and proposed in the literature. Among them, wood is highlighted as a promising solution to minimize GHG from buildings. However, the benefits, especially in the circular economy, are not fully evaluated due to methodological choices. Motivated by this knowledge gap, this article aims to evaluate the benefits of wood reuse compared to traditional building construction solutions. For this purpose, we have calculated the environmental impacts of a building situated in Graz, Austria. Four different scenarios are considered. The first scenario is a fully reinforced concrete building. The second scenario is a structural beam-column made from reinforced concrete with walls made of concrete blocks. The third scenario is a beam-column made from reinforced concrete with external walls based on clay blocks. Finally, the last scenario is a full wooden building. Following the standardized life cycle assessment (LCA) method, global warming potential (GWP) is calculated through a 0/0 approach. These evaluations were made possible by correlating the impacts released from producing wooden elements and the uptake of biogenic carbon from the forest. Without considering the possibility of material reuse, the wooden structure has a 5 % lower GWP value than the reinforced concrete building. Comparatively, the other building scenarios have almost similar impacts as the building in reinforced concrete. In the case of material reuse, the wooden structure building shows potential to develop projects with 44% lower environmental impacts.
Designing sustainable office spaces – how to combine workspace characteristics with sufficiency strategies
Authors: Fauth R , Pieper M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Contemporary workspace and office concepts are part of many major commercial real estate projects and have been continuously developed over many years. With a rising awareness for sustainable development, workspace and office concepts are increasingly being considered in terms of their environmental performance. Sustainable design strategies therefore traditionally differentiate between efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency, whereas the latter approach is the least explored in the construction industry. Sufficiency can be described by a user behaviour characterized by frugality and modesty, as opposed to wasteful consumption. Moreover, the strategy of sufficiency is linked to a high and critical awareness of using natural resources and environmental impacts which also affects the built environment. The aim of this paper is therefore to combine these two subject areas in a structured way and derive potentials for the sufficient development of office concepts.
Based on a literature review in the field of workspace design and flexible workplace management, design features of office spaces are conceived and compiled according to planning aspects in office concepts based on employee needs. Another literature review in the field of sufficiency in the building sector provides the corresponding structure for the considered sufficiency strategies. Sufficiency measures follow recurring principles for the reduction of resource consumption. Essential principles of impact are identified and presented in this paper. The investigated topic areas are compiled together in a logical model based on a developed mapping framework. This forms the basis for defining sufficient measures that can be derived to sufficiency strategies in the project development of office buildings. The basis of all measures is to strive for a minimum level of resource consumption that is necessary to satisfy the needs of the users and that is considered valuable by them, following the basic idea of the sufficiency approach. The results are validated using an office building in the planning stage. The paper leads to a common understanding and structuring of design features of future office spaces and their environmental impact. Furthermore, the approach provides guidance for concepts on how design features can be considered regarding sufficiency strategies.
Mitigating climate change through healthy discomfort
Authors: Koth S C , Kobas B , Bausch K , Auer T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amid the climate change and the worldwide catastrophes, witnessed on a daily, we find ourselves in a time in which we need to start justifying any recourse and energy consumption, at least of which is not truly renewable. While the outside temperatures become more extreme, the inside environment becomes more relevant. The way we design and operate our buildings is directly influenced by current building standards and as we spend almost all our time indoors, our comfort, wellbeing and health are crucially affected by such. The last five decades have seen many approaches in establishing guidelines for a comfortable indoor environment. But while current standards favor the narrow temperature ranges of static homogeneous environments, they have been criticized for their high energy consumption and long-term health implications. The paper compares a typical office space with mechanical cooling with that of a passive strategy, by evaluating the energy consumption and health over comfort. The results show a 64% cooling potential within the mechanically cooled scenario as well as the passive strategy complying to standard without any cooling energy.
Net zero emission buildings: next generation of benchmarks and calculation rules
Authors: Balouktsi M , Lützkendorf T 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe definition of ambitious life cycle-based benchmarks and target values to limit the GHG emissions of buildings is seen as one of the most important steps in pushing the construction and real estate sector in significantly reducing its contribution to global warming. Especially target values are no longer only developed from a bottom-up perspective. There is now an interest by governments and sustainability assessment system providers in supplementing bottom-up approaches with science-based top-down approaches as part of their responsibility to respect planetary boundaries. The creation of GHG emission budgets in combination with target values, as well as the introduction of strict enough legal binding requirements already today is critical for achieving a climate-neutral building stock. Achieving these tasks requires tackling still open methodological issues. Following the work of IEA EBC Annex 72 and current developments in Germany, the paper presents main questions, key steps, modelling aspects that can cause variation and uncertainties, as well as clarifies key terms and definitions. It is highlighted that although a net zero emission requirement is a universal benchmark, information on system boundaries and calculation rules are still necessary to provide evidence of its fulfilment.
RoofKIT - Circular Construction and Solar Energy Use in Practice at the Solar Decathlon Europe 21/22
Authors: Wagner A , Hebel D , Carbonare N , Gebauer Regina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The contribution of the RoofKIT team to the SDE 21/22 competition is the extension for an existing café in Wuppertal, Germany, to create new functions and living space for the building with simultaneous energetic upgrading. The energy concept targets all renewable resources available on and in the building for energy supply: mainly solar energy which is used via PVT collectors, as well as waste heat from ventilation and grey water which is recovered for pre-heating. As part of the competition, a demonstration unit will be built representing a small cut-out of the extension. An integral building and energy concept combines physical properties of the building with adapted building services technologies to achieve maximum indoor comfort – particularly considering possible overheating of the lightweight construction during summer – and minimum CO2 emissions. The latter extends to the whole lifecycle of the building unit and one of the major goals of the project is to realize an almost completely mono-fraction and circular building construction as a contribution to the urban mining concept.
Unboxing Urban Infrastructure: Three Methodologies for infrastructure-oriented Urban Design and Architecture Education
Authors: Bauer D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the exploration of infrastructure has become a main focus of urban-centered studies and urban theory over the last decade, it has only been partially adopted into design and planning education. Here, the traditional curriculum of architecture, urban planning, landscape architecture, and urban design offers emerging professionals limited guidance and tools for exploring and analyzing the complex assemblages and constituting systems that create, run, and shape cities. However, in times of dramatic need for systemic transformation, the critical and research-based analysis of the city’s externalities and the flows underlying urban life will become more relevant by the day. Thus, the following article outlines three teaching methodologies for analyzing “infrastructural regimes” as key levers and contexts to embed a reflected and responsive design work directed at transformation towards global sustainability.