bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parapatry of Phanaeus splendidulus and P. dejeani (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in two mountain ranges in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Araújo Cristina de Oliveira , Weber Marcelo M. , Araújo Rodrigo de Oliveira , Dufrayer Raissa , Monteiro Ricardo F. , Macedo Margarete V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractParapatry occurs when species exhibit adjacent distributions in space, with contact in their boundaries, with or without overlapping. Many factors can generate this pattern, such as environmental conditions and interspecific competition. Mountains are excellent systems to study parapatry because they exhibit large environmental heterogeneity within a small geographical area. Phanaeus splendidulus and P. dejeani are two similar dung beetle species with apparent sympatric distributions at geographical scale, but with a hypothesized parapatric distribution in mountains. We assessed whether P. splendidulus and P. dejeani indeed exhibit a parapatric distribution in two mountain ranges in the Atlantic Forest. We also tested the effects of environmental conditions and interspecific competition on the observed pattern of abundance for both species for one mountain. We placed pitfall traps at every 50 m of elevation from 600 to 2400 m a.s.l. at Itatiaia National Park and from 100 to 2050 m a.s.l. at Serra dos Órgãos National Park in Brazil. We used temperature, vegetation cover, litter volume and soil granulometry as environmental predictors of each species abundance and the abundance of its congeneric species as a measure of interspecific competition. Phanaeus splendidulus and P. dejeani indeed exhibited a parapatric distribution and a small overlapping area, with P. splendidulus reaching up to 1450 m a.s.l. in Itatiaia National Park and 1250 m a.s.l. in Serra dos Órgãos National Park, and P. dejeani occurring above to 1000 m a.s.l. Only maximum temperature was significantly related to species abundance. Maximum temperature affected positively P. splendidulus abundance and negatively P. dejeani, suggesting that these species have opposite climate preferences. The abundance of the congeneric species was not significant for either species. Understand species distributions and what drives them is critical to understand the evolution of species interaction, their responses to the environment and for conservation, in a world of climate change.
Crossing a River without a Horse
Authors: McClean Page 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYWhile stories sit with you, their meanings may shift over time. This piece of creative ethnographic nonfiction shares the experience of what it is like to be there, live this life, and know this person. Beyond crossing rivers and runaway horses, I highlight the complexity, risk, and ingenuity of rural living in a part of Chilean Patagonia that the government calls “extreme,” “isolated,” and “backward.” This is a story about relationships and different forms of knowledge and expertise that become increasingly muddied across gendered town and country divides. It explores what it means to belong to a place and to make it one's own. [Patagonia, risk, knowledge, place, relationships]
Misdiagnosis-Related Harm Quantification Through Mixture Models and Harm Measures
Authors: Zhu Yuxin , Wang Zheyu , Newman-Toker David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInvestigating and monitoring misdiagnosis-related harm is crucial for improving health care. However, this effort has traditionally focused on the chart review process, which is labor intensive, potentially unstable, and does not scale well. To monitor medical institutes' diagnostic performance and identify areas for improvement in a timely fashion, researchers proposed to leverage the relationship between symptoms and diseases based on electronic health records or claim data. Specifically, the elevated disease risk following a false-negative diagnosis can be used to signal potential harm. However, off-the-shelf statistical methods do not fully accommodate the data structure of a well-hypothesized risk pattern and thus fail to address the unique challenges adequately. To fill these gaps, we proposed a mixture regression model and its associated goodness-of-fit testing. We further proposed harm measures and profiling analysis procedures to quantify, evaluate, and compare misdiagnosis-related harm across institutes with potentially different patient population compositions. We studied the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies. We then illustrated the methods through data analyses on stroke occurrence data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. From the analyses, we quantitatively evaluated risk factors for being harmed due to misdiagnosis, which unveiled some insights for health care quality research. We also compared general and special care hospitals in Taiwan and observed better diagnostic performance in special care hospitals using various new evaluation measures.
Fish community composition in small lakes: The impact of lake genesis and fisheries management
Authors: Matern Sven , Klefoth Thomas , Wolter Christian , Hussner Andreas , Simon Janek , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Gravel pit lakes are common across Europe. These novel ecosystems serve as model systems to study human‐induced and natural colonisation of isolated lakes by fish. Fisheries‐management activities can quickly spread species over large distances, possibly homogenising fish communities across ecosystems, while fostering local fish diversity.

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of lake genesis (gravel pit lakes < 100 years old vs. natural lakes of glacial genesis ~10,000 years old) and fisheries management (fish stocking activities present vs. absent) on the fish community in small lakes, while controlling for key environmental variables known to affect lake fish communities.

We sampled fish communities by electrofishing and multimesh gillnetting in 47 isolated lakes managed for fisheries, and 19 unmanaged and isolated lakes of both natural and artificial origin in northern Germany. Unmanaged lakes were used as reference to assess fisheries‐management impacts in small natural and artificial lakes.

We caught 178,506 fish from 30 species and found that the accumulation of native lake fish species in lakes was associated with fisheries management, which increased local species richness (α‐diversity) and number of predatory species, and reduced among‐lake variation in fish community composition (β‐diversity; i.e., homogenisation). The homogenisation‐effect associated with fisheries happened with introduced native fish species, whereas non‐native species were rarely detected.

In unmanaged gravel pit lakes, the littoral fish community composition was substantially different to the communities present in both types of managed lakes and unmanaged natural lakes. Therefore, the relatively young unmanaged gravel pit lakes revealed evidence of ongoing, stochastic colonisation processes that resulted in comparatively species‐poor fish communities.

We concluded that fisheries management by anglers speeds up the colonisation of gravel pit lakes with native fish species in the study area. For planning initial fish introductions in newly created gravel pit lakes, it is recommended that fish communities from ecologically similar natural lakes within the same geographical region are used as references to maintain the biotic integrity of newly created fish communities.
Seeing a talking face matters: Infants' segmentation of continuous auditory‐visual speech
Authors: Tan Sok Hui Jessica , Kalashnikova Marina , Burnham Denis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVisual speech cues from a speaker's talking face aid speech segmentation in adults, but despite the importance of speech segmentation in language acquisition, little is known about the possible influence of visual speech on infants' speech segmentation. Here, to investigate whether there is facilitation of speech segmentation by visual information, two groups of English‐learning 7‐month‐old infants were presented with continuous speech passages, one group with auditory‐only (AO) speech and the other with auditory‐visual (AV) speech. Additionally, the possible relation between infants' relative attention to the speaker's mouth versus eye regions and their segmentation performance was examined. Both the AO and the AV groups of infants successfully segmented words from the continuous speech stream, but segmentation performance persisted for longer for infants in the AV group. Interestingly, while AV group infants showed no significant relation between the relative amount of time spent fixating the speaker's mouth versus eyes and word segmentation, their attention to the mouth was greater than that of AO group infants, especially early in test trials. The results are discussed in relation to the possible pathways through which visual speech cues aid speech perception.
Impact of peripherally inserted central venous catheter‐associated phlebitis in neonate guided by intracavitary electrocardiogram: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gan Wenyi , Hu Lin , Luo Yulan , Tang Menglin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBecause the application of intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC‐ECG)‐guided peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the treatment of neonates is controversial in terms of phlebitis reduction compared with traditional X‐ray positioning technique, a systematical evaluation is needed on the impact of IC‐ECG on this common complication following PICC. Literature retrieval was conducted on large databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and CNKI. Randomised controlled trials (RTCs) of intracavitary electrocardiogram‐guided peripherally inserted central catheter tip placement in the treatment of neonates up to July 7, 2022, were collected. Then indicators of included studies were compared and analysed by two researchers. Meta‐analysis was performed on the STATA 17.0 software. After excluding invalid trials, 11 out of 316 randomised controlled trials were included for further analysis. Meta‐analysis results showed that compared with the control group, IC‐ECG‐guided PICC could decrease the incidence of phlebitis (I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.76, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.56) and that no significant difference was observed between preterm neonates and term neonates (P = 0.74). Meanwhile, total complications were decreased in neonates (I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.00 OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.16–0.33). IC‐ECG‐guided PICC could also improve the accuracy of optimal tip location (I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.53, OR = 5.37, 95% CI 3.80–7.59). IC‐ECG‐guided PICC could achieve reduced phlebitis incidence and total complications in the treatment of neonates, as well as increased accuracy of optimal tip location, no matter if those neonates were preterm or not. This study was registered in inplasy.com with No. INPLASY202280012 (DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0012).
Combined pulsed field ablation with ultra‐low temperature cryoablation: A preclinical experience
Authors: Verma Atul , Feld Gregory K. , Cox James L. , Dewland Thomas A. , Babkin Alexei , De Potter Tom , Raju Narayan , Haissaguerre Michel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCombining pulsed field ablation (PFA) with ultra‐low temperature cryoablation (ULTC) represents a novel energy source which may create more transmural cardiac lesions. We sought to assess the feasibility of lesions created by combined cryoablation and pulsed field ablation (PFCA) versus PFA alone.MethodsAblations were performed using a custom PFA generator, ULTC console, and an ablation catheter with insertable stylets. PFA was delivered in a biphasic, bipolar train. PFCA precooled the tissue for 30 s followed by a concurrent PFA train. Benchtop testing using Schlieren imaging and microbubble volume assessment were used to compare PFA and PFCA. PFA and PFCA lesions using pre‐optimized and optimized ablation protocols were studied in 6 swine. Pre and post‐ECGs were recorded for each ablation and a gross necropsy was performed at 14 days.ResultsConsistent with benchtop comparisons of heat and microbubble generation, PFA deliveries in the animals were accompanied by muscle contractions and significant microbubbles (Grade 2–3) visible on intracardiac echo while neither occurred during PFCA at higher voltage levels. Both PFA and PFCA acutely eliminated or highly attenuated (>80%) local atrial electrograms. Histology of PFA and PFCA lesions indicated depth up to 6–7 mm and nearly all lesions were transmural. Optimized PFCA produced wider cavotricuspid isthmus lesions with evidence of tissue selectivity.ConclusionA novel technology combining PFA and ULTC into one energy source demonstrated in‐vivo feasibility for PFCA ablation. PFCA had a more favorable thermal profile and did not produce muscle contraction or microbubbles while extending lesion depth beyond cryoablation.
Birth and growth of the shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae) in captivity
Authors: Maganhe Bruna Larissa , Camilo Laura de Oliveira , Kurokawa Rodrigo E. , Gallo Neto Hugo , Sanches Eduardo Gomes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEndemic to the south‐west Atlantic Ocean, the shortnose guitarfish (Zapteryx brevirostris) is a small species, classified as endangered by the IUCN. Although reproduction in captivity has been successful for some species, a range of factors can limit the success of captive breeding programmes for elasmobranchs. In Brazil, the Ubatuba Aquarium was the first public aquarium to reproduce small‐sized elasmobranchs. Since 2018, at least five parturition events have been recorded for Z. brevirostris at the institution. From a total of 13 live neonates that rearing was attempted, the mean ± standard error of weight, total length (TL) and disc width at birth were 17.47 ± 1.6 g, 13.25 ± 0.7 cm and 6.53 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. The mean weight as well as mean TL were higher for females at all births, with 26.15 g and 15.07 cm for females in comparison with 17.09 g and 13.94 cm for males. Considering the increasing risk of extinction that the species is facing, age and growth studies are fundamental for the success of conservation, improving the knowledge of Z. brevirostris life cycle so that a more efficient and sustainable management can be carried out. This study provides important data, as well as directions for captive breeding of the species.
The developing juvenile distal tibia: Radiographic identification of distinct ontogenetic phases and structural trajectories
Authors: Reid Rebecca A. G. , Davies Catriona , Cunningham Craig 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel combination of radiographic colour gradient mapping and radiographic absorptiometry was utilised to examine 96 human distal tibiae from 54 individuals ranging in age‐at‐death from the foetal to 23 years. The purpose of this was to identify previously undocumented changes in the internal organisation during the development of the distal tibia and determine whether these changes could be described as distinct phases. Previous studies have demonstrated a rudimentary structural organisation in other skeletal elements that mirror more mature patterns of bone organisation. Results showed that the perinatal tibia did not exhibit a rudimentary structural pattern similar to the architecture observed within the late adolescent tibia. This lack of early internal organisation is hypothesised to be related to the rudimentary ossification process that is being laid down around a pre‐existing vascular template which will be subsequently modified by locomotive forces. Between birth and 2 years of age, the tibia exhibited a period of regression where radiodensity decreased in comparison to the perinatal tibia. This period of regression was postulated to be due to a combination of factors including changing locomotive forces, weaning and growth resulting in a stage of development which is extremely demanding on calcium liberation from the skeleton. After 2 years of age, the distal tibia demonstrated refinement where radiographic trajectories progressively developed into patterns consistent with adult trabecular organisation. These trajectories are linked to the forces associated with the bipedal gait, suggesting a strong influence of biomechanical forces on the development of the distal tibia.
Alterations in maternal plasma exosomal miRNAs revealed selective material exchange between maternal circulation and placenta
Authors: Ge Yuchun , Wei Mengtian , Chang Xinwen , Huang Yiying , Duan Tao , Wang Kai , Li Han , He Qizhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimExosomes have emerged as important regulators in the communication between maternal peripheral blood and placenta. We aimed to compare maternal plasma exosomal miRNAs profile between healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women, screen for differential expressed miRNAs and their potential regulatory role during pregnancy.MethodsWe isolated exosomes from plasma of mid‐trimester, last trimester, and nonpregnant women (n = 6 each group), analyzed the miRNA profile using next‐generation sequencing.ResultsSeveral miRNA clusters were expressed in plasma exosomes, such as C19MC, C14MC, and let‐7 family, miRNAs in each cluster may have synergistic effect during pregnancy. We assumed maternal circulating exosomal miRNA could be transported into placenta or selectively uptook by placenta, which was consistent with the fact that many pregnancy‐associated or placenta highly expressed miRNAs reduced in exosomes during pregnancy. Some exosomal miRNAs were mainly secreted by the placenta, which could act as markers that reflect changes in the function and microenvironment of the placenta.ConclusionsExosomal miRNAs are associated with placenta development and have potential as molecular markers.
Total sleep deprivation decreases saliva ghrelin levels in adolescents
Authors: Felső Regina , Lányi Éva , Erhardt Éva , Laufer Zsófia , Kardos Dániel , Herczeg Róbert , Gyenesei Attila , Hollódy Katalin , Molnár Dénes 
Published: October 2022

SummaryGhrelin, a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, has been shown to be associated with insufficient sleep. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single night of total sleep deprivation on fasting saliva ghrelin and on nocturnal variation of saliva ghrelin concentration. A further aim of the study was to investigate the influence of body mass index on changes in saliva ghrelin levels. Altogether 35 adolescents (18 boys; age: 13.8 ± 1.14 years) were studied on two subsequent days (sleep and total sleep deprivation). Saliva samples were collected during the two experimental nights at 21:00 hours, 01:00 hours and 06:00 hours. Total‐ghrelin concentration showed a continuous increase from the evening until 06:00 hours. This increase was blunted significantly (p = 0.003) by total sleep deprivation. Total‐ghrelin level was significantly lower (p = 0.02) during total sleep deprivation at 06:00 hours (median 403.6 pg ml−1; 95% confidence interval: 343.1–468.9 pg ml−1) as compared with values during the sleep condition (median 471.2 pg ml−1; 95% confidence interval: 205.4–1578.7 pg ml−1). Acyl‐ghrelin levels did not present any change at the three time points, and were not affected by total sleep deprivation. Stratifying the study population according to body mass index (normal weight and overweight/obese groups), the blunting effect of total sleep deprivation was more pronounced in the obese/overweight group (sleep: median 428.2 pg ml−1; 95% confidence interval: 331.3–606.9 pg ml−1 versus total sleep deprivation: median 333.1 pg ml−1; 95% confidence interval: 261.5–412.9 pg ml−1; p = 0.0479). Saliva total‐ghrelin concentrations gradually increased during the night, and total sleep deprivation significantly blunted this increase. This blunting effect was mainly observed in subjects with overweight/obesity. The physiological and clinical implications of the present observation are to be clarified by further studies.
Phylogeography and genetic variation in Western Jacob's ladder (Polemonium occidentale) provide insights into the origin and conservation of rare species in the Great Lakes region
Authors: Rose Jeffrey P. , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe perennial herb Western Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium occidentale, Polemoniaceae) is widespread in the mountains of western North America but reappears as a disjunct in the Great Lakes Region in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA as the narrow endemic P. occidentale subsp. lacustre. This distribution is shown by a diverse assemblage of angiosperms. It has been hypothesized that these species became isolated just after the Last Glacial Maximum, but this has not been tested. Additionally, the genetic diversity and population connectivity of the endemic Great Lakes flora has been understudied, with important conservation implications. Using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, we examined the relationship of P. occidentale subsp. lacustre to its closest relatives, relationships among all known populations, and genetic diversity within these populations. Polemonium occidentale subsp. lacustre represents an isolated, unique lineage that diverged from its closest relatives 1.3 Ma and arrived in the Great Lakes Region by at least 38 ka. Nearly all extant populations diverged prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, are genetically distinct, and show little within‐population genetic diversity. Clonality may mitigate reduction in diversity due to drift. Mixed population signal between Wisconsin and some Minnesota populations may be due to gene flow during the Late Pleistocene. While populations of P. occidentale subsp. lacustre may be relictual from a now extinct western relative, it is best treated as a distinct species. Conservation efforts should focus more on ensuring that current populations remain rather than maintaining large populations sizes across a few populations. However, encouraging habitat heterogeneity may accomplish both simultaneously.
Science in the mist: A model of asymmetric information for the research market
Authors: Pernagallo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the process underlying the submission and acceptance of high quality papers to top journals via a model of asymmetric information. Researchers have the relevant information, namely the probability that the research paper will be recognised by the scientific community. The model predicts many empirical facts of modern publishing systems: top journals receive too many submissions; few published papers are recognised by the scientific community; risky papers benefit from imperfect information, and groundbreaking papers are more likely to be published than in the case of perfect information; the distribution of papers can be skewed to the right. An extension of the model that considers the reputation of researchers shows that researchers with low reputation may be precluded from publishing in top journals, so the scientific system may be against innovation fostered by young scholars. Monte Carlo simulations and real data are used to substantiate the paper's findings. Policy implications and Pareto efficiency are also discussed.