bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning Hydrogel Adhesivity and Degradability to Model the Influence of Premetastatic Niche Matrix Properties on Breast Cancer Dormancy and Reactivation
Authors: Farino Reyes Cindy J. , Slater John H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can persist for decades in secondary tissues before being reactivated to form tumors. The properties of the premetastatic niche can influence the DTC phenotype. To better understand how matrix properties of premetastatic niches influence DTC behavior, three hydrogel formulations are implemented to model a permissive niche and two nonpermissive niches. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels with varying adhesivity ([RGDS]) and degradability ([N‐vinyl pyrrolidinone]) are implemented to mimic a permissive niche with high adhesivity and degradability and two nonpermissive niches, one with moderate adhesivity and degradability and one with no adhesivity and high degradability. The influence of matrix properties on estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells (MCF7s) is determined via a multimetric analysis. MCF7s cultured in the permissive niche adopted a growth state, while those in the nonpermissive niche with reduced adhesivity and degradability underwent tumor mass dormancy. Complete removal of adhesivity while maintaining high degradability induced single cell dormancy. The ability to mimic reactivation of dormant cells through a dynamic increase in [RGDS] is also demonstrated. This platform provides the capability of inducing growth, dormancy, and reactivation of ER+ breast cancer and can be useful in understanding how premetastatic niche properties influence cancer cell fate.
Modulating the Voltage Decay and Cationic Redox Kinetics of Li‐Rich Cathodes via Controlling the Local Electronic Structure
Authors: Yu Hung‐Ling , Ibrahim Kassa Belay , Chi Po‐Wei , Su Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Wei‐Tin , Tseng Shao‐Chin , Tang Mau‐Tsu , Chen Chi‐Liang , Tang Horng‐Yi , Pao Chih‐Wen , Chen Kuei‐Hsein , Wu Maw‐Kuen , Wu Heng‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxide cathodes with conventional transition metal cation and unique oxygen anion redox reactions deliver high capacities in Li‐ion batteries. However, the oxygen redox process causes the oxygen release, voltage fading/hysteresis, and sluggish electrochemical kinetics, which undermine the performance of these materials. By combining operando quick‐scanning X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with online gas chromatography, the effect of the local electronic structure is elucidated on the reaction mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of Li‐rich cathodes. The local electronic structure of Li‐rich cathodes varies with the excess Li (i.e., Li2MnO3 phase) and Ni contents. Compared to the Li‐rich cathodes with higher amounts of Li2MnO3 phase (high excess lithium content (HLC) cathode), those with lower Li2MnO3 contents (low excess lithium content (LLC) cathode) exhibit reversible anion redox reactions and suppressed voltage hysteresis. The cation oxidation process of LLC cathode is kinetically slower than that of HLC cathode and the cation oxidation potential is shifted, likely due to the local coordination associated with different Li/O ratios. The obtained insights into the effect of local electronic structure on the reaction mechanism and kinetics provide a better understanding and control of Li‐rich cathodes.
Amino‐Functionalized Niobium‐Carbide MXene Serving as Electron Transport Layer and Perovskite Additive for the Preparation of High‐Performance and Stable Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiankai , Huang Chengwen , Sun Yapeng , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have shown great potential in commercial applications due to their high performance and easy fabrication. However, the electron transport layer (ETL) materials with good optoelectrical properties and energy levels matching that of the perovskite layer still need to be explored to meet the need of commercialization. In this work, 2D Nb2CTx MXene nanosheets are prepared and their work function (WF) is reduced from 4.65 to 4.32 eV to match the conduction band minimum of perovskite layer by replacing the surface ‐F groups with NH2 groups through hydrazine (N2H4) treatment. Besides, the N2H4 treated (T‐Nb2CTx) MXene nanosheets with abundant NH2 groups are incorporated into the perovskite precursor to retard the crystallization rate by forming hydrogen bond with iodine ions, which promotes the formation of high‐quality and oriented growth perovskite films. Consequently, the PVSCs with T‐Nb2CTx MXene ETLs and T‐Nb2CTx MXene nanosheets additive exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.79% and the corresponding flexible and large‐area devices achieve the highest PCE of 19.15% and 18.31%. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices maintain 93% of the original PCEs after 1500 h of storage. This work demonstrates the considerable application prospects of 2D Nb2CTx MXene in photoelectric devices.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Design as a Route for Promoting the Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 for High‐Performance Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Cheng Jinxuan , Yin Li , Zhang Zongwei , Wang Xinyu , Sui Jiehe , Liu Xingjun , Mao Jun , Cao Feng , Zhang Qian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBismuth telluride alloys favor the applications of low‐grade waste heat recovery if their figure‐of‐merits are improved within the larger temperature range from 300 to 523 K. Herein, this work reports a synergistic optimization for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) by incorporating the copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), which is preferentially distributed at the grain boundary of BST after the spark plasma sintering process and suppresses the grain growth of BST. The lattice thermal conductivity of composites is then extensively reduced by the multiscale scattering induced by the CuPc. In addition, the Cu atoms diffuse into the lattice of BST and increase the whole concentration, thus suppressing the bipolar effect. As a result, the average zT value is effectively enhanced from 0.7 to 1.1 in the temperature range between 300 and 523 K. A high conversion efficiency of 6.8% is achieved in a single BST/CuPc5 leg, which is 41.7% higher than that of BST at temperature different ΔT = 223 K. This result proves that the composition optimization of the BST/CuPc is a promising strategy to improve the application of BST‐based TE modules.
Tailoring Self‐Polarization of Bimetallic Organic Frameworks with Multiple Polar Units Toward High‐Performance Consecutive Multi‐Band Electromagnetic Wave Absorption at Gigahertz
Authors: Cheng Junye , Zhang Huibin , Wang Honghan , Huang Zehao , Raza Hassan , Hou Chuanxu , Zheng Guangping , Zhang Deqing , Zheng Qingbin , Che Renchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple relaxation behaviors are promising for broad frequency band and strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption based on polarization‐controlled electromagnetic (EM) attenuation. However, rational selection of materials and structure manipulation through tunable substitution or phase control are challenging toward optimization of EMW absorption. Herein, bi‐metallic organic frameworks (B‐MOFs) with various morphologies are employed as EMW absorbers. Remarkably, the polar units can be enhanced by introducing Ni‐metal nodes into the Cu‐coordinated MOFs, rendering the B‐MOFs with self‐polarized properties and consecutive multifrequency EMW absorption behaviors. The maximum reflection loss of acetylene black (ACET) filled NiCu‐MOFs can reach –40.54 dB together with a wide bandwidth (<‐10 dB) of 5.87 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. As a counterpart of the Ni/Cu/C derivatives, significantly increased broad band absorption (6.93 GHz) and multifrequency absorbing and polarization characteristics are also maintained in bimetal coexisting carbonized architectures as prepared by calcination of CuNi‐MOFs. This work demonstrates that the performance of effective absorbing frequency band can be enhanced in multi‐metallic organic frameworks‐based architectures, and paves a novel avenue for developing broadband and strong EMW absorbers.
Structure‐Tailored Surface Oxide on Cu–Ga Intermetallics Enhances CO2 Reduction Selectivity to Methanol at Ultralow Potential
Authors: Bagchi Debabrata , Raj Jithu , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Cherevotan Arjun , Roy Soumyabrata , Manoj Kaja Sai , Vinod C. P. , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is performed on two intermetallic compounds formed by copper and gallium metals (CuGa2 and Cu9Ga4). Among them, CuGa2 selectively converts CO2 to methanol with remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 77.26% at an extremely low potential of −0.3 V vs RHE. The high performance of CuGa2 compared to Cu9Ga4 is driven by its unique 2D structure, which retains surface and subsurface oxide species (Ga2O3) even in the reduction atmosphere. The Ga2O3 species is mapped by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques and electrochemical measurements. The eCO2RR selectivity to methanol are decreased at higher potential due to the lattice expansion caused by the reduction of the Ga2O3, which is probed by in situ XAFS, quasi in situ powder X‐ray diffraction, and ex situ XPS measurements. The mechanism of the formation of methanol is visualized by in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and the source of the carbon of methanol at the molecular level is confirmed from the isotope‐labeling experiments in presence of 13CO2. Finally, to minimize the mass transport limitations and improve the overall eCO2RR performance, a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)‐based gas diffusion electrode is used in the flow cell configuration.
Flexible and Wireless Normal‐Tangential Force Sensor Based on Resonant Mechanism for Robotic Gripping Applications
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Liu Ping , Feng Han , Li Yuwen , Zhang Qian , Hu Ruohai , Liu Caixia , Xing Kun , Song Aiguo , Yang Xiaoming , Huang Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability to detect both normal and tangential forces is essential for robotic tactile systems, while most available sensors implement this function at the cost of complex electrode structure and wiring. Here a fully flexible sensor for wireless detection of normal and tangential force based on resonant mechanism is reported. The components of the sensor are designed and optimized to meet the requirement, and the sensor shows good sensitivity, hysteresis characteristics, response time, and stability in the wired test. Wireless operation is carried out through inductive coupling, and the collected spectrum of reflection coefficient can reflect both normal force and tangential force information. In the case of individual input, the sensitivity is −0.19 MHz kPa−1 to normal force in the range of 0–200 kPa, and −0.031 dB kPa−1 to tangential force in the range of 0–50 kPa. As proofs of concept, maximum static friction coefficient tests and robotic gripping experiments are demonstrated for preliminary determination of surface roughness and material identification respectively. In particular, a total recognition accuracy of 92.5% is achieved by random forest‐based machine learning for balls with different materials in the gripping experiment.
Paper‐Based Wearable Ammonia Gas Sensor Using Organic–Inorganic Composite PEDOT:PSS with Iron(III) Compounds
Authors: Fujita Hajime , Hao Meiting , Takeoka Shinji , Miyahara Yuji , Goda Tatsuro , Fujie Toshinori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPaper electronics are expected to be a game‐changer in next‐generation flexible electronics that could replace conventional plastic electronics. Paper electronics are disposable and cost‐effective, two distinct advantages for the development of broadly accessible devices, but their poor performance has limited their practical implementation so far. Here, a high‐sensitivity, high‐performance, paper‐based, wearable ammonia sensor comprising composite poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and iron(III) compounds is reported. The sensor achieves 10‐times smaller size than the conventional sensor on Kapton film and high tolerance for humidity without losing practical sensor response. The utility of the device is demonstrated for wearable ammonia sensing in a facial mask and a nasal filter; wireless monitoring of food spoilage; and wireless monitoring of the ammonia level in a diaper. The approach of this study may open the door to advanced healthcare based on ubiquitous wearable sensing.
Oriented Layered Graphene Oxide Pad Favoring High Loading Capacity and Stability for High‐Throughput Chemical Screening
Authors: Zhou Mingyue , Li Yan , Huang Chuanjin , Wang Cairen , Liu Qinghua , Deng Qibo , Zhang Huixia , Yin Tianpeng , Zhu Guoyuan , Wang Caiyun , Zhao Yunfeng , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have huge application prospects in the fields of materials science and biomedicine. Graphene oxide (GO) can be served as an excellent carrier with good loading capacity and biocompatibility. However, lamelayers of GO are prone to aggregation and difficult to stably disperse in solution. Only relying on the mesh graphene sheets as a carrier still cannot achieve a good loading efficiency. Therefore, oriented layered graphene oxide pad (OGO) is synthesized and used as a carrier for ligand fishing. The structure of OGO exhibits good reproducibility and recyclability, and its regular open channels and low pore curvature can effectively ensure a high density of fishing sites and flow speed, improving the loading capacity and storage stability. According to the amount of immobilized cell membranes protein (CMP), OGO can reach 1.5 to 2 times loading capacity of GO. The established CMP@OGO is stable within 48 h at 4 °C, and the reuse rate of OGO is 93.04 ± 0.67%. Finally, salvianolic acid B, deoxyshikonin, and shikonin were identified as potentially active compounds in comfrey combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. It can provide a promising platform for OGO to screen active compounds in high throughput.
Phototactic Miniature Soft Robots with Terrain Adaptability
Authors: Zhao Tonghui , Fang Wei , Fan Yangyang , Hu Zhiming , Wu Han , Feng Xi‐Qiao , Lv Jiu‐an 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMiniature locomotive robots that can adaptively change shapes to accommodate to various terrains have technologically significant applications ranging from noninvasive operations, environmental monitoring, to biomedical devices. However, existing miniature robots face two practical bottlenecks: limited mobility and low robustness, which severely restrict their applicability. In this work, terrain‐adaptive miniature soft robots that can be powered, guided, and maneuvered on challenging terrains by a versatile phototactic strategy are created. These robots, constructed by a rationally designed liquid crystal elastomer with powerful photomechanical actuation, enable self‐actuation to generate autonomous and self‐sustained rolling locomotion under constant near‐infrared light stimuli without any on‐off switching. They outperform previous light‐driven miniature robots and exhibit exceptional terrain adaptability to traverse a diversity of simple and complex terrains, and even hybrid terrains with varying topology, mechanics, and rheology. The terrain‐adaptive robots can directionally leap over hurdlers, and even exert high jumping to overcome high wall obstacle. It is envisioned that this proposed technique would enable the design of miniature mobile robots that can accommodate varying terrains and fulfill multiple tasks in unpredictable environments.
Microflow Manipulation by Velocity Field Gradient: Spontaneous Patterning of Silver Nanowires for Tailored Flexible Transparent Conductors
Authors: Li Lingying , Li Wanli , Liu Xuying , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Segawa Hiroyo , Niikura Chisato , Nakayama Tomonobu , Minari Takeo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible transparent conductors (TCs) are the fundamental components for emerging soft optoelectronics because of their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. These properties are attributed to reasonable alignment of conductive functional nanomaterials, especially 1D inorganic nanowires. Although various patterning technologies are proposed, patterning highly transparent conductors with satisfactory conductivity and flexibility in a facile, scalable, and versatile manner remains an open issue. Here, a directed self‐assembly strategy is presented for patterning silver nanowires (AgNWs) into flexible TCs with a cross‐linked network structure using microflow velocity‐field‐induced alignment at a liquid–solid interface. Under dual‐surface architectonics, the periodically varying internal microflow in the overcoated AgNW suspension facilitates the spontaneous alignment of the AgNWs on the designated regions in a layer‐by‐layer manner, yielding highly ordered AgNW TCs with an ultrahigh transmittance (98.2%), low sheet resistance (29.7 Ω sq−1), and prominent mechanical deformability. The proposed strategy is further applied to fabricate high‐accuracy arbitrary AgNW circuits to realize flexible transparent heaters with adjustable localized heat sources. This is a universal and customizable method for producing functional nanomaterials with hardly any scale or shape limitations in a streamlined fashion and provides great freedom for prototyping and manufacturing high‐performance soft optoelectronics.
A New Strategy of 3D Printing Lightweight Lamellar Graphene Aerogels for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Piezoresistive Sensor Applications
Authors: Guo Hao , Hua Tianxiang , Qin Jing , Wu Qixin , Wang Rui , Qian Bo , Li Lingying , Shi Xuejun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLamellar 3D structures are beneficial to raise the electrical properties of graphene aerogels like electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) and pressure sensitivity. In this paper, a strategy of 3D printing lamellar graphene aerogel (LGA) based on shear‐thinning and ice‐growth‐inhibition mechanisms is demonstrated. A well‐designed slit extrusion printhead is used to produce shear thinning graphene oxide (GO) water‐based dispersions. Tert‐butyl alcohol is added into GO water‐based dispersions to inhibit ice growth which will destroy the GO flakes arrangement. After freeze‐drying and chemical reduction of the printed GO samples, the lightweight LGAs are prepared. Comparing to the traditional way, the strategy in this paper shows much better size and shape scalable freedom. The LGA exhibits electrical conductivity up to 705.6 S m−1, which is rather high for graphene‐based aerogels. Benefiting from the lamellar structure and high electrical conductivity, the aerogel achieves up to 68.75 dB EMI SE at X‐band with the thickness of 3 mm, while the absolute EMI SE can reach up to 15351.9 dB cm3 g−1. The LGA can also be used as a piezoelectric pressure sensor, which exhibits high compressible stress and rapid response time.
Ultra‐Low Threshold Titanium‐Doped Sapphire Whispering‐Gallery Laser
Authors: Azeem Farhan , Trainor Luke S. , Gao Ang , Isarov Maya , Strekalov Dmitry V. , Schwefel Harald G. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanium doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) is a laser gain material with broad gain bandwidth benefiting from the material stability of sapphire. These favorable characteristics of Ti:sapphire have given rise to femtosecond lasers and optical frequency combs. Shaping a single Ti:sapphire crystal into a millimeter sized high quality (Q) whispering gallery mode resonator (Q ≈ 108) reduces the lasing threshold to 14.2 mW and increases the laser slope efficiency to 34%. The observed lasing can be both multi‐mode and single‐mode. This is the first demonstration of a Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser. Furthermore, a novel method of evaluating the gain in Ti:sapphire in the near infrared region is demonstrated by introducing a probe laser with a central wavelength of 795 nm. This method results in decreasing linewidth of the modes excited with the probe laser, consequently increasing their Q. These findings open avenues for the usage of whispering gallery mode resonators as cavities for the implementation of compact Ti:sapphire lasers. Moreover, Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser can also be utilized as an amplifier inside its gain bandwidth by implementing a pump–probe configuration.
Synthesis of Spirooxindole‐Benzo[d]oxazoles and Dihydrobenzofurans through Cycloaddition and Rearrangement of N‐Vinyl Nitrones and Arynes
Authors: Yuan Hao , Lu Dong‐Liu , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVarious spirooxindole‐benzo[d]oxazoles and dihydrobenzofurans were prepared in good to excellent yields by [3+2] cycloaddition and selective rearrangement of N‐vinyl oxindole nitrones and arynes under transition metal‐free conditions. Experimental results showed that the substituent on the nitrone N‐vinyl group controlled the [1,3]‐ or [3,3]‐rearrangement of their cycloadduct owing to its steric effect. The present method features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, controllable [1,3]‐ or [3,3]‐rearrangement, and diverse oxindole scaffolds.magnified image
rGO‐CuOx Composites Reduced by Solid‐Phase Microwave Thermal Shock for High‐Efficient Seawater Desalination and Purification
Authors: Xiao Shuning , Zhao Xiuwen , Liu Suya , Xue Yuhua , Li Guisheng , Yang Junhe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe solid‐phase microwave thermal shock (SMTS) strategy is a novel method to fabricate micro‐nano composites via interface engineering. By exploiting the transient hot spot effect and arc discharge of strong microwave absorbing materials, rGO‐CuOx composites from GO‐Cu(OH)2 precursors within several 10‐s cycles are synthesized. In the composites, Cu2O nanoparticles show a narrow size distribution of 10–50 nm with metallic Cu nanoclusters uniformly distributed on the surface. The optimized sample exhibits excellent photothermal performance by coupling solar‐to‐thermal effects from phonons, free electrons, and electron acceptors. The seawater evaporation rate is 1.28 kg m‐2 h‐1 with 85.7% solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency under 1 sun radiation. Meanwhile, the composite evaporators are characterized by excellent anti‐salt and anti‐bacterial properties during the evaporation. The removal efficiency of Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+ is above 99.5%. These findings provide a sound basis for large‐scale desalination and purification of seawater.