bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invited Commentary: Vaccines and Fertility—Why Worry?
Authors: Harville Emily W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a recent issue of the Journal, Wesselink et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(8):1383–1395) presented findings that indicate that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine does not cause any reduction in fertility in either men or women, while COVID-19 infection may reduce fertility temporarily among men. These are reassuring findings for those seeking pregnancy, as well as for clinicians and the public. There was no scientific reason to be concerned about effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on fertility, so some of the psychological, ethical, and historical reasons for concern are discussed. These include perceptions of risk around “unnatural,” unusual, or dreaded outcomes; vaccine resistance as part of a social and political identity; and the tendency for moral panics to occur around women’s reproductive capacity. On this and other topics, there is a broad need for reproductive health to be better incorporated into clinical trials, and for fertility research to advance in measurement and include a more diverse and global population.
The Benton Visual Form Discrimination Test as a Predictor of Neurocognitive Disorder in Older Veterans
Authors: Maruyama Brian A , Alipio Jocson Valerie Z , Gretler Julie , Doudell Kelly , Lazzeroni Laura C , Hernandez Beatriz , Noda Art , Yesavage Jerome A , Kinoshita Lisa M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The Benton Visual Form Discrimination Test (VFDT) is a commonly used measure of visual discrimination and visual recognition memory and has shown promise in distinguishing between different levels of cognitive impairment. We assess the predictive diagnostic utility of the VFDT in a sample of older Veterans with cognitive concerns.

Method
Subjects included a total of 172 mostly male Veterans over the age of 64 (mean = 76.0; SD = 7.6) recruited from a VA clinic specializing in neuropsychological assessment of older Veterans. The clinical sample included 56 subjects diagnosed with Major Neurocognitive Disorder, 74 diagnosed with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, and 42 with No Neurocognitive Impairment. Impairment categories were modeled in separate multinomial logistic regressions with two versions of the VFDT as predictors: the Visual Form Discrimination Test-Recognition Subtest (VFDT-Rec) test (visual recognition memory) and the Visual Form Discrimination Test-Matching Subtest VFDT-Mat test (visual form discrimination). Years of education were included as a covariate.

Results
After adjusting for education, higher VFDT-Rec total scores were associated with lower odds of being categorized with a greater degree of cognitive/functional impairment (OR 0.66–0.83, p &lt; .001). VFDT-Mat scores showed a similar pattern, but only reached statistical significance for the Major versus No Neurocognitive Impairment (OR = 0.77, p = .0010) and Major versus Mild comparisons (OR = 0.89, p = .0233).

Conclusions
The VFDT may enhance the confidence of differential diagnosis of dementia in older adult Veterans. Formal education-adjusted norms need to be established for clinical use.
Parcellating the human brain using resting-state dynamic functional connectivity
Authors: Peng Limin , Luo Zhiguo , Zeng Ling-Li , Hou Chenping , Shen Hui , Zhou Zongtan , Hu Dewen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrain cartography has expanded substantially over the past decade. In this regard, resting-state functional connectivity (FC) plays a key role in identifying the locations of putative functional borders. However, scant attention has been paid to the dynamic nature of functional interactions in the human brain. Indeed, FC is typically assumed to be stationary across time, which may obscure potential or subtle functional boundaries, particularly in regions with high flexibility and adaptability. In this study, we developed a dynamic FC (dFC)-based parcellation framework, established a new functional human brain atlas termed D-BFA (DFC-based Brain Functional Atlas), and verified its neurophysiological plausibility by stereo-EEG data. As the first dFC-based whole-brain atlas, the proposed D-BFA delineates finer functional boundaries that cannot be captured by static FC, and is further supported by good correspondence with cytoarchitectonic areas and task activation maps. Moreover, the D-BFA reveals the spatial distribution of dynamic variability across the brain and generates more homogenous parcels compared with most alternative parcellations. Our results demonstrate the superiority and practicability of dFC in brain parcellation, providing a new template to exploit brain topographic organization from a dynamic perspective. The D-BFA will be publicly available for download at https://github.com/sliderplm/D-BFA-618.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus During the COVID-19 Pandemic Compared to Historic Levels: A Retrospective Cohort Study of a Health System
Authors: Movva Naimisha , Suh Mina , Reichert Heidi , Hintze Bradley , Sendak Mark P , Wolf Zachary , Carr Shannon , Kaminski Tom , White Meghan , Fisher Kimberley , Wood Charles T , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B , Malcolm William F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Surveillance in 2020–2021 showed that seasonal respiratory illnesses were below levels seen during prior seasons, with the exception of interseasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Methods
Electronic health record data of infants aged &lt;1 year visiting the Duke University Health System from 4 October 2015 to 28 March 2020 (pre–COVID-19) and 29 March 2020 to 30 October 2021 (COVID-19) were assessed. International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for RSV (B97.4, J12.1, J20.5, J21.0) and bronchiolitis (RSV codes plus J21.8, J21.9) were used to detail encounters in the inpatient (IP), emergency department (ED), outpatient (OP), urgent care (UC), and telemedicine (TM) settings.

Results
Pre–COVID-19, 88% of RSV and 92% of bronchiolitis encounters were seen in ambulatory settings. During COVID-19, 94% and 93%, respectively, occurred in ambulatory settings. Pre–COVID-19, the highest RSV proportion was observed in December–January (up to 38% in ED), while the peaks during COVID-19 were seen in July–September (up to 41% in ED) across all settings. RSV laboratory testing among RSV encounters was low during pre–COVID-19 (IP, 51%; ED, 51%; OP, 41%; UC, 84%) and COVID-19 outside of UC (IP, 33%; ED, 47%; OP, 47%; UC, 87%). Full-term, otherwise healthy infants comprised most RSV encounters (pre–COVID-19, up to 57% in OP; COVID-19, up to 82% in TM).

Conclusions
With the interruption of historical RSV epidemiologic trends and the emergence of interseasonal disease during COVID-19, continued monitoring of RSV is warranted across all settings as the changing RSV epidemiology could affect the distribution of health care resources and public health policy.
Mortality Among US Infants and Children Under 5 Years of Age with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bylsma Lauren C , Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the mortality (overall and by disease severity factors) of US infants and children aged &lt;5 years with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or all-cause bronchiolitis (ACB).

Methods
Comprehensive, systematic literature searches were conducted; articles were screened using prespecified eligibility criteria. A standard risk of bias tool was used to evaluate studies. Mortality was extracted as the rate per 100 000 or the case fatality ratio (CFR; proportion of deaths among RSV/ACB cases).

Results
Among 42 included studies, 36 evaluated inpatient deaths; 10 used nationally representative populations updated through 2013, and only 2 included late-preterm/full-term otherwise healthy infants and children. The RSV/ACB definition varied across studies (multiple International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes; laboratory confirmation); no study reported systematic testing for RSV. No studies reported RSV mortality rates, while 3 studies provided ACB mortality rates (0.57–9.4 per 100 000). CFRs ranged from 0% to 1.7% for RSV (n = 15) and from 0% to 0.17% for ACB (n = 6); higher CFRs were reported among premature, intensive care unit-admitted, and publicly insured infants and children.

Conclusions
RSV mortality reported among US infants and children is variable. Current, nationally representative estimates are needed for otherwise healthy, late-preterm to full-term infants and children.
Biologic Therapies for the Treatment of Post-ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis Surgery Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shehab Mohammad , Alrashed Fatema , Charabaty Aline , Bessissow Talat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Chronic inflammatory disorders after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery are common. These include chronic pouchitis (CP), Crohn’s disease (CD) of the pouch, prepouch ileitis (PI) and rectal cuff inflammation (cuffitis). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biologic therapies in treating these disorders.

Method
Systematic review of all published studies from inception to August 1, 2021 was performed to investigate the efficacy of biologic therapies for post-IPAA chronic inflammatory disorders. The primary outcome was the efficacy of biologic therapies in achieving complete clinical response in patients with IPAA.

Results
A total of 26 studies were identified including 741 patients. Using a random-effect model, the efficacy of infliximab in achieving complete clinical response in patients with CP was 51% (95% CI, 36 to 66), whereas the efficacy of adalimumab was 47% (95% CI, 31 to 64). The efficacies of ustekinumab and vedolizumab were 41% (95% CI, 06 to 88) and 63% (95% CI, 35 to 84), respectively. In patients with CD/PI, the efficacy of infliximab in achieving complete clinical response was 52% (95% CI, 33 to 71), whereas the efficacy of adalimumab was 51% (95% CI, 40 to 61). The efficacies of ustekinumab and vedolizumab were 42% (95% CI, 06 to 90) and 67% (95% CI, 38 to 87), respectively. Only one study involved patients with cuffitis.

Conclusion
Ustekinumab, infliximab, vedolizumab and adalimumab are effective in achieving complete clinical response in post-IPAA surgery chronic inflammatory disorders. More studies are needed to determine the efficacy of biologics in cuffitis.
Platform-Based Business Models and Financial Inclusion: Policy Trade-Offs and Approaches
Authors: Croxson Karen , Frost Jon , Gambacorta Leonardo , Valletti Tommaso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree types of digital platforms are expanding in financial services: (i) fintech entrants; (ii) big tech firms; and (iii) increasingly, incumbent financial institutions with platform-based business models. These platforms can dramatically lower costs and thereby aid financial inclusion—but these same features can give rise to digital monopolies and oligopolies. Digital platforms operate in multisided markets and rely crucially on big data. This leads to specific network effects, returns to scale and scope, and policy trade-offs. To reap the benefits of platforms while mitigating risks, policy makers can: (i) apply existing financial, antitrust and privacy regulations, (ii) adapt old and adopt new regulations, combining an activity and entity-based approach, and/or (iii) provide new public infrastructures, such as digital identity and retail fast payment systems. These public infrastructures, as well as ex ante competition rules and data portability, are particularly promising. Yet to achieve their policy goals, central banks and financial regulators need to coordinate with competition and data protection authorities.
What workers can tell us about post-COVID workability
Authors: Lunt J , Hemming S , Burton K , Elander J , Baraniak A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The apparent functional impact of post-COVID-19 syndrome has workability implications for large segments of the working-age population.

Aims
To understand obstacles and enablers around self-reported workability of workers following COVID-19, to better guide sustainable workplace accommodations.

Methods
An exploratory online survey comprising quantitative and qualitative questions was disseminated via social media and industry networks between December 2020 and February 2021, yielding usable responses from 145 workers. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis.

Results
Over half of the sample (64%) were from the health, social care, and education sectors. Just under 15% had returned to work, and 53% and 50% reported their physical and psychological workability respectively as moderate at best. Leading workability obstacles were multi-level, comprising fatigue, the interaction between symptoms and job, lack of control over job pressures, inappropriate sickness absence management policies, and lack of COVID-aware organizational cultures. Self-management support, modified work, flexible co-developed graded return-to-work planning, and improved line management competency were advocated as key enablers.

Conclusions
Assuming appropriate medical management of any pathophysiological complications of COVID-19, maintaining or regaining post-COVID workability might reasonably follow a typical biopsychosocial framework enhanced to cater to the fluctuating nature of the symptoms. This should entail flexible, regularly reviewed and longer-term return-to-work planning addressing multi-level workability obstacles, co-developed between workers and line managers, with support from human resources, occupational health professionals (OHP’s), and a COVID-aware organizational culture.
3D Gait Analysis and Patient-reported Outcomes of Femoral Osteotomies for Torsional Deformity
Authors: Hamid Jehan , Do Patrick , Bauer Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Idiopathic torsional deformities causing pain and/or functional difficulty is an indication for a femoral derotational osteotomy (FDRO). Past studies have focused entirely on children with internal femoral torsional deformity (IFTD). This study aims to compare gait and outcomes between children with IFTD and those with external femoral torsional deformity (EFTD) after a FDRO.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an FDRO between 1997 and 2020 at our institution. Data on typically developing (TD) children with no torsional deformity was used as a control group. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative standardized physical examination, 3-dimensional gait analysis, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument questionnaires.

Results:
There were 54 patients in total (IFTD=37, EFTD=17) and 20 patients in the control group. The EFTD cohort was older (IFTD=11.7, EFTD=14.7, P<0.05) and had a higher body mass index both preoperatively (IFTD=21.1 kg/m2, EFTD=32.1 kg/m2, P<0.05) and postoperatively (IFTD=20.2 kg/m2, EFTD=34.1 kg/m2, P<0.05). Preoperatively, 3-dimensional gait analysis elicited mean hip rotation in stance was more internal for IFTD cohort (10.8 degrees) and external for the EFTD cohort (−17.8 degrees) in comparison to the TD (2.4 degrees, P<0.001). Postoperatively, dynamic mean hip rotation during stance was −1.4 degrees for IFTD, whereas for EFTD, it was −5.4 degrees, which was different to the TD (P<0.05). The IFTD group’s Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument improved for transfer/basic mobility, sports/physical function, global functioning, and satisfaction with symptoms (P<0.05). The EFTD group that only reported an improvement with the satisfaction with symptoms after surgery (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Adolescents with surgically corrected IFTD show more improvement in gait and in patient-reported outcomes than those with surgically corrected EFTD. Children with EFTD persist in external rotation and have less satisfactory patient-reported outcomes after a FDRO in comparison those with IFTD.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study
Trends in Surgical Approach for Single-Level Lumbar Fusion Over the Past Decade
Authors: Wilder J. Heath , Ross Bailey J. , McCluskey Leland C. , Cyriac Mathew , Patel Akshar H. , Sherman William F. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective Comparative Study.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to characterize trends in surgical approach for single-level lumbar fusion over the past decade.

Summary of Background Data:
The number of elective lumbar fusion cases performed is increasing annually. Several different surgical approaches exist for lumbar spinal fusion including novel anterior approaches developed in recent years. With ongoing innovation, trends in the utilization of common surgical approaches in recent years are unclear.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the PearlDiver database (Fort Wayne, IN). Patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion between 2010 and 2019 were identified using Current Procedural Technology codes and divided into 4 mutually exclusive cohorts based on surgical approach: (1) anterior-only, (2) anterior approach with posterior instrumentation, (3) posterolateral, and (4) posterior-only interbody. Trend analyses of surgical approach utilization over the last decade were performed with the Cochran-Armitage test to evaluate the 2-tailed null hypothesis that utilization of each surgical approach for single-level lumbar fusion remained constant.

Results:
A total of 53,234 patients met inclusion criteria and were stratified into 4 cohorts: anterior-only (n=5104), anterior with posterior instrumentation (n=23,515), posterolateral (n=5525), and posterior-only interbody (n=19,090). Trend analysis revealed the utilization of a posterior-only interbody approach significantly decreased from 36.7% to 29.2% (P<0.001), whereas the utilization of a combined anterior and posterior approach significantly increased from 45.8% to 50.4% (P<0.001). The utilization of an anterior-only approach also significantly increased from 7.9% to 10.5% (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Utilization of anterior-only and anterior with posterior instrumentation approaches for single-level lumbar fusion have been significantly increasing over the past decade while use of posterior-only interbody approach trended significantly downward. These data may be particularly useful for trainees and spine surgeons as new techniques and technology become available.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Dietary patterns and prevalence of multimorbidity in women in southern Brazil
Authors: Sturmer Jaqueline , Franken Débora Luiza , Ternus Daiane Luisa , Henn Ruth Liane , Soares Dias-da-Costa Juvenal , Anselmo Olinto Maria Teresa , Vieira Paniz Vera Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and prevalence of multimorbidity in women.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 and included 1,128 women aged 20 to 69 years living in the urban area of São Leopoldo municipality, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, among the 26 identified. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to investigate the association between the three dietary patterns (healthy, risk, and Brazilian), using different models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and nutritional status variables.

Results
The results showed differences in the prevalence of adherence to different dietary patterns and multimorbidity across age groups, with a prevalence of multimorbidity and a healthy dietary pattern showing a direct linear trend with age, whereas the risk dietary pattern showed an inverse linear trend with age. The prevalence of the Brazilian dietary pattern remained constant despite differences in age. After adjustment, we found that women with greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern showed a 40% reduction in the prevalence of multimorbidity compared with those with less adherence (prevalence ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.86).

Conclusion
The results revealed that the prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly lower in women with greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern and highlight the importance of dietary interventions in early adulthood as a way to prevent multimorbidity in women.
Health screening of middle-aged women: what factors impact longevity?
Authors: Blümel Juan E. , Aedo Sócrates , Murray Nigel , Vallejo María S. , Chedraui Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to measure the impact of different risk factors in middle-aged women on longevity evaluated after three decades of an initial health screening.

Methods
Women who received an annual check-up between 1990 and 1993 were recruited. Anamnesis and physical examination were recorded. Blood samples for the measurement of glycemia and lipids were taken. Data are reported as of December 2021.

Results
A total of 1,158 women aged 40 to 60 were studied. At 30.9 years of follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier overall survival was 75.6% (95% confidence interval, 72.6-78.3). The main causes of the 260 deaths observed were the following: cancer (n = 88; 33.8%), cardiovascular disease (n = 55; 21.2%), and infectious disease (n = 41; 15.8%). The following hazard ratios were found with the flexible parametric survival model: personal history of fracture (hazard ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-5.02; P = 0.007), type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.14; 1.18-3.88; P = 0.012), personal history of heart disease (1.85; 1.09-3.13; P = 0.022), chronic arterial hypertension (1.65; 1.25-2.17; P < 0.001), postmenopausal status (1.60; 1.13-2.26; P = 0.008), unskilled jobs (1.56; 1.17-2.07; P = 0.002), cigarette smoking (1.51; 1.17-1.94; P = 0.002), age (1.06; 1.03-1.09; P < 0.001), body mass index (1.04; 1.01-1.07; P = 0.004), multiparous (0.72; 0.56-0.93; P = 0.012), and active sexual intercourse (0.68; 0.52-0.87; P = 0.003). Lipid disorders did not reach statistical significance as a risk factor.

Conclusions
In this cohort, it was observed that most of the classic risk factors for mortality were present. However, a history of fracture appears in middle-aged women as a strong predictor of mortality, surpassing diabetes and arterial hypertension. Multiparity, on the other hand, was a protective factor.