bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Nano‐Optogenetic Activation of Cancer Immunotherapy via Engineered Bacteria
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqiang , Chen Sihan , Hu Xiuwen , Zhao Lijun , Wang Yiqian , Huang Jinzhao , Chen Jiawen , Qiu Yuzhi , Zhang Xuefei , Wang Mengdie , Yang Xiangliang , Zhang Yan , Zhu Yanhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCertain anaerobic microbes with the capability to colonize the tumor microenvironment tend to express the heterologous gene in a sustainable manner, which will inevitably compromise the therapeutic efficacy and induce off‐tumor toxicity in vivo. To improve the therapeutic precision and controllability of bacteria‐based therapeutics, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), engineered to sense blue light and release the encoded flagellin B (flaB), is conjugated with lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for near‐infrared (NIR) nano‐optogenetic cancer immunotherapy. Upon 808 nm photoirradiation, UCNPs emit at the blue region to photoactivate the EcN for secretion of flaB, which subsequently binds to Toll‐like receptor 5 expressed on the membrane of macrophages for activating immune response via MyD88‐dependent signal pathway. Such synergism leads to significant tumor regression in different tumor models and metastatic tumors with negligible side effects. These studies based on the NIR nano‐optogenetic platform highlight the rational of leveraging the optogenetic tools combined with natural propensity of certain bacteria for cancer immunotherapy.
Boosting Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability: Interfacial Passivation of Crosslinked Fullerene Eliminates the “Burn‐in” Decay
Authors: Ding Changzeng , Yin Li , Wang Jinlong , Larini Valentina , Zhang Lianping , Huang Rong , Nyman Mathias , Zhao Liyi , Zhao Chun , Li Weishi , Luo Qun , Shen Yanbin , Österbacka Ronald , Grancini Giulia , Ma Chang‐Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) longevity is nowadays the bottleneck for their full commercial exploitation. Although lot of research is ongoing, the initial decay of the output power – an effect known as “burn‐in” degradation happening in the first 100 h – is still unavoidable, significantly reducing the overall performance (typically of >20%). In this paper, the origin of the “burn‐in” degradation in n‐i‐p type PSCs is demonstrated that is directly related to Li+ ions migration coming from the SnO2 electron transporting layer visualized by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) measurements. To block the ion movement, a thin cross‐linked [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester layer on top of the SnO2 layer is introduced, resulting in Li+ immobilization. This results in the elimination of the “burn‐in” degradation, showing for the first time a zero “burn‐in” loss in the performances while boosting device power conversion efficiency to >22% for triple‐cation‐based PSCs and >24% for formamidinium‐based (FAPbI3) PSCs, proving the general validity of this approach and creating a new framework for the realization of stable PSCs devices.
Porous Covalent Organic Polymer Coordinated Single Co Site Nanofibers for Efficient Oxygen‐Reduction Cathodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Yang Bolong , Han Qing , Han Linkai , Leng Yiming , O'Carroll Thomas , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wu Gang , Xiang Zhonghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNitrogen‐coordinated single‐cobalt‐atom electrocatalysts, particularly ones derived from high‐temperature pyrolysis of cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), have emerged as a new frontier in the design of oxygen reduction cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) due to their enhanced durability and smaller Fenton effects related to the degradation of membranes and ionomers compared with emphasized iron‐based electrocatalysts. However, pyrolysis techniques lead to obscure active‐site configurations, undesirably defined porosity and morphology, and fewer exposed active sites. Herein, a highly stable cross‐linked nanofiber electrode is directly prepared by electrospinning using a liquid processability cobalt‐based covalent organic polymer (Co‐COP) obtained via pyrolysis‐free strategy. The resultant fibers can be facilely organized into a free‐standing large‐area film with a uniform hierarchical porous texture and a full dispersion of atomic Co active sites on the catalyst surface. Focused ion beam‐field emission scanning electron microscopy and computational fluid dynamics experiments confirm that the relative diffusion coefficient is enhanced by 3.5 times, which can provide an efficient route both for reactants to enter the active sites, and drain away the produced water efficiently. Resultingly, the peak power density of the integrated Co‐COP nanofiber electrode is remarkably enhanced by 1.72 times along with significantly higher durability compared with conventional spraying methods. Notably, this nanofabrication technique also maintains excellent scalability and uniformity.
A Single‐Administration Microneedle Skin Patch for Multi‐Burst Release of Vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Tran Khanh T. M. , Gavitt Tyler D. , Le Thinh T. , Graichen Adam , Lin Feng , Liu Yang , Tulman Edan R. , Szczepanek Steven M. , Nguyen Thanh D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe necessity for multiple injections and cold‐chain storage has contributed to suboptimal vaccine utilization, especially in pandemic situations. Thermally‐stable and single‐administration vaccines hold a great potential to revolutionize the global immunization process. Here, a new approach to thermally stabilize protein‐based antigens is presented and a new high‐throughput antigen‐loading process is devised to create a single‐administration, pulsatile‐release microneedle (MN) patch which can deliver a recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 S1‐RBD protein—a model for the COVID‐19 vaccine. Nearly 100% of the protein antigen could be stabilized at temperatures up to 100 °C for at least 1 h and at an average human body temperature (37 °C) for up to 4 months. Arrays of the stabilized S1‐RBD formulations can be loaded into the MN shells via a single‐alignment assembly step. The fabricated MNs are administered at a single time into the skin of rats and induce antibody response which could neutralize authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses, providing similar immunogenic effect to that induced by multiple bolus injections of the same antigen stored in conventional cold‐chain conditions. The MN system presented herein could offer the key solution to global immunization campaigns by avoiding low patient compliance, the requirement for cold‐chain storage, and the need for multiple booster injections.
Recent Progress of Wearable Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors Based on Nanofibers, Yarns, and Their Fabrics via Electrospinning
Authors: Zhi Chuanwei , Shi Shuo , Si Yifan , Fei Bin , Huang Haitao , Hu Jinlian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly sensitive flexible pressure sensors are extensively investigated for various applications, such as electronic skin, human physiological monitoring, and artificial intelligence. However, traditional fabrication technologies are hard to realize the large‐area and mass production of wearable sensing devices. Current trend of miniaturization, systematization, and multifunction has raised the problems of total energy consumption, frequent charging, and reduced usage time. These issues have hindered the progress of wearable sensing electronics. In the light of nanomaterial design, mass production, and facile manufacturing, electrospun piezoelectric pressure sensors offer the best properties of self‐powering, breathability, stretchability, and flexibility, providing ideal interfacing platforms for smart wearables. Tremendous advances have been achieved recently in the high sensitivity, piezoelectric output, composite optimization, and nano‐/microstructure design of nonwoven nanofiber membranes. Nevertheless, how to fulfill real textile‐level integration in consideration of biocompatibility, integration, wearability, geometrical design, multifunction, and systematization remains a big challenge. Therefore, recent progress of piezoelectric pressure sensors from electrospun nanofibers to their fabrics is comprehensively summarized. Plentiful strategies, structure designs, and underlying mechanisms that boost the piezoelectric properties are discussed. Lastly, the challenges and possible solutions for the future electrospinning‐based pressure sensing systems are proposed.
Macrophage Reprogramming with Anti‐miR223‐Loaded Artificial Protocells Enhances In Vivo Cancer Therapeutic Potential
Authors: López‐Cuevas Paco , Xu Can , Severn Charlotte E. , Oates Tiah C. L. , Cross Stephen J. , Toye Ashley M. , Mann Stephen , Martin Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral immune cell‐expressed miRNAs (miRs) are associated with altered prognostic outcome in cancer patients, suggesting that they may be potential targets for development of cancer therapies. Here, translucent zebrafish (Danio rerio) is utilized to demonstrate that genetic knockout or knockdown of one such miR, microRNA‐223 (miR223), globally or specifically in leukocytes, does indeed lead to reduced cancer progression. As a first step toward potential translation to a clinical therapy, a novel strategy is described for reprogramming neutrophils and macrophages utilizing miniature artificial protocells (PCs) to deliver anti‐miRs against the anti‐inflammatory miR223. Using genetic and live imaging approaches, it is shown that phagocytic uptake of anti‐miR223‐loaded PCs by leukocytes in zebrafish (and by human macrophages in vitro) effectively prolongs their pro‐inflammatory state by blocking the suppression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, drives altered immune cell‐cancer cell interactions and ultimately leads to a reduced cancer burden by driving reduced proliferation and increased cell death of tumor cells. This PC cargo delivery strategy for reprogramming leukocytes toward beneficial phenotypes has implications also for treating other systemic or local immune‐mediated pathologies.
Metabolic Rewiring of Kynurenine Pathway during Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Exacerbates Liver Damage by Impairing NAD Homeostasis
Authors: Xu Bowen , Zhang Peng , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Shiguan , Shen Jing , Zheng Yuanwen , Gao Chao , Mi Ping , Zhang Cuijuan , Qu Hui , Li Shiyang , Yuan Detian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHepatic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury remains a common issue lacking effective strategy and validated pharmacological targets. Here, using an unbiased metabolomics screen, this study finds that following murine hepatic IR, liver 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (3‐HAA) and quinolinic acid (QA) decline while kynurenine and kynurenic acid (KYNA) increase. Kynurenine aminotransferases 2, functioning at the key branching point of the kynurenine pathway (KP), is markedly upregulated in hepatocytes during ischemia, shifting the kynurenine metabolic route from 3‐HAA and QA to KYNA synthesis. Defects in QA synthesis impair de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, rendering the hepatocytes relying on the salvage pathway for maintenance of NAD and cellular antioxidant defense. Blocking the salvage pathway following IR by the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor FK866 exacerbates liver oxidative damage and enhanced IR susceptibility, which can be rescued by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor Liproxstatin‐1. Notably, nicotinamide mononucleotide administration once following IR effectively boosts NAD and attenuated IR‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in the murine model. Collectively, the findings reveal that metabolic rewiring of the KP partitions it away from NAD synthesis in hepatic IR pathophysiology, and provide proof of concept that NAD augmentation is a promising therapeutic measure for IR‐induced liver injury.
Anisotropic Microgels by Supramolecular Assembly and Precipitation Polymerization of Pyrazole‐Modified Monomers
Authors: Grabowski Frédéric , Petrovskii Vladislav S. , Fink Fabian , Demco Dan Eugen , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Potemkin Igor I. , Pich Andrij 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoft colloidal macromolecular structures with programmable chemical functionalities, size, and shape are important building blocks for the fabrication of catalyst systems and adaptive biomaterials for tissue engineering. However, the development of the easy upscalable and template‐free synthesis methods to obtain such colloids lack in understanding of molecular interactions that occur in the formation mechanisms of polymer colloids. Herein, a computer simulation‐driven experimental synthesis approach based on the supramolecular self‐assembly followed by polymerization of tailored pyrazole‐modified monomers is developed. Simulations for a series of pyrazole‐modified monomers with different numbers of pyrazole groups, different length and polarity of spacers between pyrazole groups and the polymerizable group are first performed. Based on simulations, monomers able to undergo π–π stacking and guide the formation of supramolecular bonds between polymer segments are synthesized and these are used in precipitation polymerization to synthesize anisotropic microgels. This study demonstrates that microgel morphologies can be tuned from spherical, raspberry‐like to dumbbell‐like by the increase of the pyrazole‐modified monomer loading, which is concentrated at periphery of growing microgels. Combining experimental and simulation results, this work provides a quantitative and predictive approach for guiding microgel design that can be further extended to a diversity of colloidal systems and soft materials with superior properties.
A Zinc–Bromine Battery with Deep Eutectic Electrolytes
Authors: Heo Jiyun , Shin Kyungjae , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA deep eutectic solvent (DES) is an ionic liquid‐analog electrolyte, newly emerging due to its low cost, easy preparation, and tunable properties. Herein, a zinc–bromine battery (ZBB) with a Zn‐halide‐based DES electrolyte prepared by mixing ZnBr2, ZnCl2, and a bromine‐capturing agent is reported. The water‐free DES electrolyte allows a closed‐cell configuration for the ZBB owing to the prevention of Br2 evaporation and H2 evolution. It is found that the Cl− anion changes the structure of the zinc‐halide complex anions and demonstrated that it improves the ion mobility and electrode reaction kinetics. The DES electrolyte with the optimized ZnCl2 composition shows much higher rate capability and a cycle life 90 times longer than that of a ZnCl2‐free DES electrolyte. A pouch‐type flexible ZBB battery based on the DES electrolyte exhibits swelling‐free operation for more than 120 cycles and stable operation under a folding test, suggesting its potential in consumer applications such as wearable electronics.
N6‐Methyladenosine‐Modified CBX1 Regulates Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression Through Heterochromatin Formation and STAT1 Activation
Authors: Zhao Yin , Huang Shengyan , Tan Xirong , Long Liufen , He Qingmei , Liang Xiaoyu , Bai Jiewen , Li Qingjie , Lin Jiayi , Li Yingqin , Liu Na , Ma Jun , Chen Yupei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpitranscriptomic remodeling such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a critical role in tumor development. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms connecting m6A modification and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. Here, CBX1 is identified, a histone methylation regulator, to be significantly upregulated with m6A hypomethylation in metastatic NPC tissues. The m6A‐modified CBX1 mRNA transcript is recognized and destabilized by the m6A reader YTHDF3. Furthermore, it is revealed that CBX1 promotes NPC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation through transcriptional repression of MAP7 via H3K9me3‐mediated heterochromatin formation. In addition to its oncogenic effect, CBX1 can facilitate immune evasion through IFN‐γ‐STAT1 signaling‐mediated PD‐L1 upregulation. Clinically, CBX1 serves as an independent predictor for unfavorable prognosis in NPC patients. The results reveal a crosstalk between epitranscriptomic and epigenetic regulation in NPC progression, and shed light on the functions of CBX1 in tumorigenesis and immunomodulation, which may provide an appealing therapeutic target in NPC.
Force‐Induced Synergetic Pigmentary and Structural Color Change of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer with Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Mechanosensitivity
Authors: Sun Chang , Zhang Shuoning , Ren YunXiao , Zhang Jianying , Shen Jiyuan , Qin Shengyu , Hu Wei , Zhu Siquan , Yang Huai , Yang Dengke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability of some animals to rapidly change their colors can greatly improve their chances of escaping predators or hunting prey. A classic example is cephalopods, which can rapidly shift through a wide range of colors. This ability is based on the synergetic effect of the change of pigmentary and structural colors exhibited by their own two categories of color‐changing cells: supernatant chromatophores offer various pigmentary colors and lower iridophores or leucophores reflect the different structural colors by adjusting their periodicities. Here, a mechanochromic liquid crystalline elastomer with force‐induced synergetic pigmentary and structural color change, whose mechanosensitivity is enhanced by the stress‐concentration induced by the doped nanoparticle, is presented. The materials have a large color‐changing gamut and high mechanochromic sensitivity, which exhibit great potential in the field of mechanical detectors, sensors, and anti‐counterfeiting materials.
Memristor‐Based Intelligent Human‐Like Neural Computing
Authors: Wang Shengbo , Song Lekai , Chen Wenbin , Wang Guanyu , Hao En , Li Cong , Hu Yuhan , Pan Yu , Nathan Arokia , Hu Guohua , Gao Shuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHumanoid robots, intelligent machines resembling the human body in shape and functions, cannot only replace humans to complete services and dangerous tasks but also deepen the own understanding of the human body in the mimicking process. Nowadays, attaching a large number of sensors to obtain more sensory information and efficient computation is the development trend for humanoid robots. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of von Neumann‐based structures, humanoid robots are facing multiple challenges, including tremendous energy consumption, latency bottlenecks, and the lack of bionic properties. Memristors, featured with high similarity to the biological elements, play an important role in mimicking the biological nervous system. The memristor‐based nervous system allows humanoid robots to obtain high energy efficiency and bionic sensing properties, which are similar properties to the biological nervous system. Herein, this article first reviews the biological nervous system and memristor‐based nervous system thoroughly, including the structures and also the functions. The applications of memristor‐based nervous systems are introduced, the difficulties that need to be overcome are put forward, and future development prospects are also discussed. This review can hopefully provide an evolutionary perspective on humanoid robots and memristor‐based nervous systems.
Boosting Photoelectrochemical Ethanol Evolution on Reduced Graphene Oxide Functionalized Photocathode
Authors: Jung Mi , Kim Chang Woo , Kim So Yeon , Pawar Amol U. , Lee Don Keun , Kang Young Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized photocathode is studied for selective production of solar liquid fuels depending on dark and solar light illumination condition. rGO functionalized photocathode with p–n junction at the core–shell interface of ZnO@ZnTe is prepared with a three‐step synthetic process. Preparation of ZnO nanorod, formation of ZnTe on ZnO nanorod by anion‐exchange and then, finally, rGO layers are functionalized on the surface of ZnO@ZnTe photocathode. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) system of BiVO4∥KHCO3∥ZnO@ZnTe@rGO combination is introduced for selective solar liquid fuel production by CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Functionalization of rGO layers on photocathode enables the multi‐electron shuttling function for the enhanced charge transfer efficiency due to its large charge capacitance, which results in producing liquid fuels such as HCHO and EtOH selectively as solar liquid fuels. These results in this work clearly demonstrate a possibility of solar liquid fuel product selectivity by PEC CO2RR.
Hard and Soft Acid and Base (HSAB) Engineering for Efficient and Stable Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yeom Kyu‐Woong , Lee Do‐Kyoung , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegulation of Lewis acid‐base adduct intermediate is more critical for the dual metal ions of Sn2+ and Pb2+ than for the single metal ion such as Pb2+ in preparing high quality perovskite films. It has been reported here that the photovoltaic performance of Sn‐Pb alloyed perovskite solar cells is dependent on the interaction between metal ions and Lewis base additives. Urea and thiourea are selected as an O‐ and a S‐donor, respectively, which is used as an additive in the precursor solution including equimolar SnI2 and PbI2 together with organic iodides of formamidinium iodide and methylammonium iodide, forming a nominal composition of FA0.5MA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I3. Open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is increased while maintaining short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) after the addition of urea. On the other hand, both Jsc and Voc are simultaneously increased by adding thiourea, leading to a considerable increase in power conversion efficiency from 14.58% (control) to 18.59%. A strong interaction between the relatively soft Sn2+, compared to Sn4+, and the soft sulfur in thiourea, associated with hard and soft acid and base theory, suppresses effectively a disproportionation reaction of 2Sn2+→ Sn4+ + Sn0, which results in a substantial enhancement of carrier lifetime and consequently photovoltaic performance.
Promoting Surface Reconstruction of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Lei Hang , Ma Liang , Wan Qixiang , Tan Shaozao , Yang Bo , Wang Zilong , Mai Wenjie , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA dynamic surface reconstruction of oxide electrocatalysts in alkaline media is widely observed especially for layered double hydroxide (LDH), but little is known about how to promote the reconstruction toward desired surfaces for improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH nanosheets is successfully induced to a higher degree via in situ sulfur doping than that by natural electrochemical activation. Theoretical calculations, operando Raman, and various ex situ characterizations reveal the S anion‐induced effect can lower the energy barrier and facilitate the phase transformation into highly active S‐doped oxyhydroxides. The generated S‐NixFeyOOH can optimize the intermediate adsorption and facilitate the OER kinetics. The reconstructed S‐oxyhydroxides catalyst presents superior OER activity and long‐term durability compared to undoped ones. This work provides a structure–composition–activity relationship during the in situ surface restructuring of NiFe LDH pre‐catalysts.