bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Lioness Order”: The Women of the Reggae Revival Speak
Authors: Miller Alexandria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the role of contemporary women in reggae music and details the unexpectedness of their growing role in the current industry, given their relative absence since the 1970s. Through critical studies of singers Janine “Jah9” Cunningham and Kelissa [McDonald], I historicize the evolution of female songstresses and their contributions to changing the rhetoric around women's positionalities in music and their relationship to Caribbean feminisms. Using an interdisciplinary framework that incorporates an intersectional lens with focuses on race, gender, and class, I analyze song lyrics and visual imagery that illuminate Caribbean womanhood. By critically analyzing music lyrics and videos of this movement, this essay builds on Jamaica's far-reaching history of Black resistance and highlights Jamaican twenty-first-century conversations about anti-imperialism, Rastafari, Afrocentricity, and poverty within Black feminism and women's empowerment. Lastly, I theorize concerning these women's cultural contributions as intellectual property, helping to shape the Black radical tradition through music and politics.
Analysis of Factors Affecting The Timeliness of Financial Reporting on Manufacturing Companies in The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Ilmiha Jalilah , Elviani Rangkuti Lusi , Khairani Lubis Farida 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find empirical evidence about the factors that affect the timeliness of financial reporting of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research uses quantitative research methods. The data collected in this study will be analyzed using two methods, namely 1) Descriptive statistical method, the analytical tool used is the average (mean) and standard deviation 2) Hypothesis Testing, hypothesis testing is done by using multivariate test using logistic regression. The sample from this study used 43 manufacturing companies x in 3 years of research, 129 data on financial statements that were consistently listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2016 were taken using the purposive sampling method. Based on Simultaneous Effect Analysis, it can be seen that α= 0.05 and degrees of freedom (df) = k = 5, where k is the number of predictor variables, the value of χ²(p) from the chi-square distribution table is 11.07048. Due to 6.266 < 11.07048 or -2(L0–L1) < χ²(p), it can be said that together (simultaneously), the five predictor variables (DER, ROA, SIZE, KAP, AUDCH) have no effect on the variable of timeliness of financial reporting.
Marketing Strategy, Competitive Advantage and Marketing Performance : Study of Small Medium- Size Enterprises At Ancol
Authors: Maulana Ichsan  , Farida Naili , Listyorini Sari 
Published: February 2022

This study aims empirical evidence regarding the performance of the marketing effect by the management strategy of the market through the competitive advantages that the statement is sourced from the marketing performance of small medium-size enterprises in the Ancol area as the dependent variable which is influenced by the competitive advantage as an intervening variable and market strategy, as well as research that are new this is the topic under study has never been done by previous researchers. Thus the intent of this research can be called a novelty. The population of this study amounted to 235 of small medium-size enterprises in the region Ancol on the pandemic of Covid-19 by using the formula sample slovin to 70 small medium-size enterprises with a scale of 1 to 10, the Information of the questionnaire to know the interpretation of the market strategies, competitive Advantage and marketing performance. Analysis techniques for data use regression linear with testing intervening.This research is the implementation of the strategy management market mehasilkan a greater influence on competitive advantage. Strategy management market affect the marketing performance through competitive advantage effective in his work as an intervening variable between the management strategies of the market and marketing performance.
Survey of Network Protocols
Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Saeed  
Published: February 2022

IPv4 is the network protocols of the present Internet, which is characterized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Network protocols characterize guidelines, polices and traditions for communication between system devices. Every advanced protocol for computer organization utilizer a packet switching system to send and get the message. The protocols are intended to conquer the activities of any enemy that can lose the sent message, discretionarily change the fields of the sent message, and replay old messages. In the web, the colossal measure of information and the immense number of various protocols makes it perfect as a high-bandwidth speed vehicle for undercover communication. This article is an overview of the current methods for making the covert channels. Weadditionally gave a diagram of wide kinds of network protocol.
PENGARUH MODERASI VISI STRATEGIK TERHADAP HUBUNGAN KETERLIBATAN STRATEGIK DENGAN PERSEPSI KETIDAKPASTIAN LINGKUNGAN, PERSEPSI KEKUATAN KOMPETITIF, KETERLIBATAN KERJA, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL (SUATU RENCANA STUDI PADA SMU DAN SMK SEKECAMATAN CILEUNGSI
Authors: Agus Fauzi  
Published: February 2022

The study in this article aims to produce a model of research moderating impact of strategic vision to the relationship of strategic involvement with perception of environment uncertainty, perception of competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment. This article is a review of the literature, so that method being used is a literature review. This study is conducted by studying theories that have been established. The study also sourced and based on the results of previous research, especially empirical research results related to the variables that were studied in this article. In addition, if it is continued in empirical research, the study population are Head Master and Vice Head Master of SMU and SMK in Kecamatan Cileungsi Kabupaten Bogor. This article study produces a research model that explains the moderating impact of strategic vision to the relationship of strategic involvement with perception of environment uncertainty, perception of competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Hypotheses include the following; moderating impact of strategic vision to relationship strategic involvement is positively related and significant to perception of environment uncertainty, perception of competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Strategic vision moderate the relationship of strategic involvement with perception of environment uncertainty, Strategic vision moderates the relationship of strategic involvement with perception of competitive strength, job involvement, and organizational commitment.
Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Musuh Alami Hama Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Pada Perkebunan Polikultir Di Desa Hokeng Jaya Kecamatan Wulanggitang Kabupaten Flores Timur
Authors: Wangge Maria Mardiana Nona , Mago Oktavius Yoseph Tuta 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh produktivitas tanaman kakao (Theobromacacao L.) yang rendah, akibat hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghitung indeks kelimpahan, menganalisis indeks keanekaragaman, menentukan indeks kemerataan, dan mengetahui indeks dominansi arthropoda yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami hama tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Desa Hokeng Jaya Kecamatan Wulanggitang Kabupaten Flores Timur. Metode sampling dengan cara menelusuri wilayah gugus sampling menggunakan transek garis pada dua stasiun dan setiap stasiun ditarik 5 transek. Sampel dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik perangkap jebak dan teknik koleksi langsung. Data yang dianalisis berupa data kualitatif yaitu jenis arthropoda dan data kuantitatif yaitu indeks kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominansi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 14 spesies arthropoda Delapan (8) spesies yang ditemukan termasuk dalam kelompok arthropoda yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami. Arthropoda yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami hama tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) yaitu, semut rangrang (Oechopylla smaradigma), semut hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus), semut merah (Solenopsis), laba-laba serigala (Aranea sp.), laba-laba penenun sutra (Nephila pilipes), capung (Anax junius), jangkrik (Gryllodea), kelabang (Scolopendra gigantae). Semut rangrang (Oechopylla smaradigma) memiliki populasi tertinggi yaitu dengan indeks kelimpahan 25,766%. Sedangkan laba-laba penenun sutra (Nephila pilipes) memiliki indeks kelimpahan terendah 0,365%.Indeks keanekaragaman pada stasiun I memiliki nilai indeks 2,103 dan stasiun II dengan nilai indeks 2,063 menunjukan indeks keanekaragaman sedang. Indeks kemerataan pada stasiun I memiliki nilai indeks 0,796 dan stasiun II dengan nilai indeks 0,781 menunjukan indeks kemerataan stabil. Indeks dominansi pada stasiun I memiliki nilai indeks 0,164 dan pada stasiun II dengan nilai indeks 0,172 menunjukan indeks dominansi rendah.

Kata Kunci : Arthropoda; Hokeng Jaya; Kakao; Musuh Alami
Metode Step-by-Step: Apakah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar lompat jangkit?
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Samodra Y Touvan Juni , Purnomo Edi 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui berapa kali peserta didik bisa melakukan gerak lompat jangkit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X SMAN 1 Pulau Maya dengan jumlah 16 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes lompat jangkit. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian yaitu tes awal, dengan rata-rata sebesar 51,56 yang tuntas hanya satu peserta didik dengan nilai 6,25%. Siklus pertama dengan rata-rata 66,66 terdapat sembilan peserta didik yang tuntas dengan nilai 56,25%. Namun hasil rata-rata dari tes awal dan siklus Pertama belum mencapai target yang diharapkan. Sehingga dilanjutkan siklus kedua dengan peningkatan rata-rata 72,22 terdapat 11 siswa yang tuntas dengan nilai 68,75%. Sehingga pembelajaran step by step berhasil dari satu peserta didik yang tuntas dengan nilai 6,25% menjadi 68,75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan hasil lompat jangkit melalui pembelajaran step by step dapat dilihat dari hasil rata-rata dan ketuntasan setiap peserta didik.
Van hiv naar corona en van reële kans naar redelijke vrees
Authors: Rozemond N. (Klaas) 
Published: March 2022

Van hiv naar corona en van reële kans naar redelijke vrees
In zijn hiv-rechtspraak was de Hoge Raad restrictief ten aanzien van de strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid van besmette personen voor onbeschermde seksuele contacten. In zijn eerste corona-arrest kiest de Hoge Raad voor een extensieve benadering van een coronaspuger. De maatschappelijke context en de politieke opvattingen lijken daarvoor verklarende factoren te zijn. Ook in de coronacrisis zijn echter omstandigheden aan te wijzen die een meer restrictieve strafrechtelijke benadering zouden kunnen rechtvaardigen, zoals de anderhalvemetermaatregel en de ontwikkeling van vaccins tegen het coronavirus.
De modernisering van artikel 359a Sv – terug naar de vorige eeuw?
Authors: Schreurs L.E.M. (Laurie) 
Published: March 2022

De modernisering van artikel 359a Sv – terug naar de vorige eeuw?
In deze bijdrage wordt de voorgestelde modernisering van artikel 359a Sv besproken in het kader van de drie voorgestelde criteria voor sanctionering: i) het belang van een goede rechtsbedeling; ii) een eerlijk proces; en iii) een goede procesorde. Dit betreft een eerste verkenning naar de betekenis van de drie voorgestelde criteria. De vraag die centraal staat is of en, zo ja, in hoeverre deze noties een hernieuwde invulling van het geldend recht met zich brengen.
Meer (ruimte voor het) gebruik van zwijgen in de bewijsconstructie of oude wijn in nieuwe zakken?
Authors: van der Rijst T.J. (Tessa) , Stevens L. (Lonneke) 
Published: March 2022

Meer (ruimte voor het) gebruik van zwijgen in de bewijsconstructie of oude wijn in nieuwe zakken?
Volgens sommige auteurs verbindt de feitenrechter in toenemende mate voor de verdachte negatieve consequenties aan diens zwijgen. Op basis van een vergelijking tussen recentere en al wat oudere rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad inzake het gebruik van de proceshouding van de verdachte, stellen wij hier een andere hypothese tegenover. Volgens ons mocht het gebruik van zwijgen ‘vroeger’ ook, maar gebeurde dat minder handig. Dankzij toenemende kennis van bewijstheorie krijgt de rechter meer handvatten om een goede bewijsredenering op te zetten.
Bestraffing van seksuele uitbuiting: nieuwe ontwikkelingen in een langlopende discussie?
Authors: Huls E. (Eva) 
Published: March 2022

Bestraffing van seksuele uitbuiting: nieuwe ontwikkelingen in een langlopende discussie?
Dit artikel bespreekt de achtergrond van de discussie omtrent bestraffing van seksuele uitbuiting in de praktijk, waarbij de straftoemetingskaders uiteen worden gezet. De vragen en de discussie die de straftoemetingskaders teweegbrengen, komen vervolgens aan de orde, gevolgd door een slotbeschouwing.
De praktijk van slachtofferrechten: de perceptie van professionals
Authors: Augusteijn Freya , Bijleveld Catrien , Pemberton Antony 
Published: March 2022

Victims’ rights in practice – the perception of professionals. An exploratory study into compliance with victims’ rights
Though the position of victims of crime in criminal proceedings has improved on paper, it is claimed within both the academic as the legal community that realization of victims’ rights is inadequate. In this exploratory research, a broad group of (legal) professionals was systematically questioned on this matter. They were asked whether and where compliance with victims’ rights is lacking, and how this comes about in their view. Although much has improved, it appears that compliance by the authorities is not yet self-evident and fundamental mechanisms in the criminal justice system appear to hinder the realization of rights for victims.
Optimization of electrocoagulation condition for the removal of As(V) ions from aqueous media
Authors: Altangerel Amarsanaa , Nomin-Erdene Damdin , Sarangerel Davaasambuu 
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the arsenic content of groundwater and soil due to the mining processes and natural and/or anthropogenic sources exceeds the permissible level, leading to adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. The paper provides the optimized condition for the arsenic removal from the aqueous media using electrocoagulation, which is no additional reagents/chemicals, in situ generation of coagulants continuously, low energy consumption. The optimal conditions were found to be as follows: pH 7, electrolyte concentration NaCl 0.5 g L-1, current density 20 mA cm-2, and operational time 20 minutes, initial concentration of arsenic 50 mg L-1. Under the optimal condition, the maximum removal efficiency was 99.6%. Generally, the experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of As(V) from the aqueous medium was higher than 95% at pH = 4-8 ranges, 90% at the electrolyte concentration in the range of 0.25 g L-1 to 0.75 g L-1 , and 96% at the current density in the range of 15 mA cm-2 - 60 mA cm-2 respectively. Considering the variation of oxidation-reduction potential and pH during the electrocoagulation and FTIR spectra of solid residue, we found that As(V) was removed through the chemical precipitation (FeAsO4) and adsorption (Fe(OH)3×HAsO42-).

Усан орчноос As(V) ионы агуулгыг бууруулах электрокоагуляцийн зохистой нөхцөлийг тогтоох судалгаа
Хураангуй: Сүүлийн жилүүдэд эрдэс түүхий эдийн олборлолт, арсен агуулсан эрдэс чулуулгийн өгөршилөөр гадаргын болон гүний усан дахь арсены (As) агуулга хүлцэх агууламжаас ихсэх тохиолдлууд гарч байна. Энэ судалгааны ажлаар коагулянтаа орчинд нь тасралтгүй үүсгэдэг, нэмэлт урвалж шаарддаггүй, цахилгааны зарцуулалт багатай электрокоагуляцийн аргаар усан уусмал дахь As(V)-ыг тунадасжуулах зохистой нөхцөлийг тогтоох ажлыг хийж, үр дүнг спектрофотометр, индукцийн холбоост плазм-масс спектрометр, потенциометрийн аргаар тодорхойллоо. Зохистой нөхцөлийг тодорхойлох туршилтын дүнгээс харахад, усан орчноос As(V)-ын тунадасжуулалт рН=4-8-ын утганд >95%, электролитын концентрацийн 0.25 – 0.75 г/л мужид >90%, гүйдлийн нягтын 15 – 60 мА/см2 мужид >96% бүтээмжтэй байв. Уусмалын рН ~7, NaCl-ын концентраци 0.5 г/л, гүйдлийн нягт 20 мА/см2 үед 50 мг/л концентрацитай As(V)-ын зайлуулалт хамгийн их буюу 99.6% нь усан орчноос тунадасжиж байлаа. Исэлдэх ангижрах потенциал, рН-ын хугацаанаас хамаарах хамаарал, үүссэн тунадсын нил улаан туяаны спектрийн шинжилгээний үр дүнгээр, электрокоагуляциар As(V)-ын зайлуулалт нь химийн тунадасжилт (FeAsO4), адсорбц (Fe(OH)3×HAsO42-)-ийн процессоор явагддагийг тогтоолоо.
Түлхүүр үг: төмөр электрод, коагулянт, адсорбц, арсенат ион
Some results of studies on leaching of toxic elements in Asgat polymetallic concentrate
Authors: Ariunaa Garnaad , Burmaa Gunchin , Nyamdelger Shirchinnyamjil , Altansukh Batnasan , Nazgul Muratbek , Narangarav Tumen-Ulzii 
Published: February 2022

Extended ICP-OES and AAS analysis of floated polysulphide concentrate from the Asgat polymetallic ore revealed that the concentrate contains 0.91% of silver, 18.2% of copper, 19.4% antimony, 2.03% arsenic and 1.6% of bismuth together with other elements. The prevailing minerals in the concentrate are tetrahedrite, bismuthinite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrite and non-ore minerals i.e. siderite, muscovite and quartz. The content of above minerals was estimated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. An optimum condition for antimony leaching from the tetrahedrite by alkaline-sulphide solution was studied comprehensively. In optimized condition, the 99.25% of Sb, 89.0% of As and 44.50% of Bi were dissolved from the concentrate into the alkaline-sulphide solution, successfully. The solid residue contains non-ore sulphide minerals as well as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), covellite (CuS), chalcocite (Cu2S), pyrite (FeS) and argentite (Ag2S). Chalcopyrite and pyrite are not soluble in alkaline-sulphide solution. The covellite and chalcocite are the product of tetrahedrite decomposition. The activation energy for antimony leaching from the tetrahedrite by alkaline-sulphide solution was calculated as 81.43kJ/mol that indicates the leaching process occurred by chemical reaction.

Асгатын полиметаллын баяжмал дахь хортой элементүүдийг уусгах аргаар ялгаж авах судалгааны зарим үр дүн
Хураангуй: Асгатын полиметаллын хүдрийг флотацийн аргаар баяжуулан гаргаж авсан полисульфидын баяжмалд 0.91% мөнгө, 19.20% зэс, 19.40% сурьма, 2.03% хүнцэл, 1.60% висмут болон бусад дагалдах элемент агуулагдаж байгааг атом шингээлтийн (AAS) болон индукцийн холбоот плазмын спектроскоп (ICP-OES)-ын аргуудаар тодорхойлсон. Баяжмалын эрдэс бүрдлийн найрлагыг рентгендифрактометр (XRD), электрон микроскоп, энергийн сарнилын спектрометр (SEM-EDS)-ийн аргуудаар тодорхойлоход тетраэдрит, висмутин, халькопирит, арсенопирит, пирит зэрэг үндсэн эрдсүүдээс гадна сидерит, мусковит, кварц зэрэг хүдрийн бус эрдсүүд агуулагдаж байв. Баяжмалыг шүлт-сульфидын (Na2S+NaOH) холимогт уусгаж, хортой бүрдэл болох сурьмаг уусгах аргаар ялгаж авах тохиромжтой нөхцлийг туршилтаар тогтоов. Тохиромжтой нөхцөлд баяжмалаас шүлт-сульфидын уусмалд сурьма 99.25%, хүнцэл 89.00%, висмут 44.50% ууссан. Уусгалтын хатуу үлдэгдэлд хүдрийн бус эрдсүүд болон халькопирит (CuFeS2), ковелин (CuS), халькозин (Cu2S), пирит (FeS2), аргентит (Ag2S) зэрэг сульфидын эрдсүүд илэрсэн. Шүлт-сульфидын холимогт халькопирит, пирит уусахгүй. Ковелин, халькозин нь тетраэдритийн задралаар үүссэн. Тетраэдритээс сурьмаг шүлт-сульфидын холимогоор уусгах урвалын идэвхжилийн энергийг тооцоолоход 81.43 кЖ/моль байгаа нь уг процесс химийн урвалаар явагдсан болохыг харуулж байна.Түлхүүр үг: полисульфидын баяжмал, тетраэдрит, идэвхжилийн энерги.
Effect of inherent minerals on Na catalyzed gasification activity of Tavantolgoi coal
Authors: Baasanjargal Tuvdendorj , Bum-Ayush Byamba , Enkhsaruul Byambajav 
Published: February 2022

Steam gasification of weathered (deposit overlay) and energy (depth of ≥300 m) coal samples of Tavantolgoi deposit situated in Tsogttsetsii soum, Umnugovi aimag were performed in this study. Relationship between coal inherent minerals and catalysts (Fe, Na, binary Fe-Na) in the gasification was investigated in a flow of Ar and steam (1:1) mixture with a rate of 200ml/min at temperature of 800°C for 1h using a fixed bed stainless reactor. Conversion of organic matter was 81.8% for the weathered coal sample, and 21.5% for the energy coal sample during non-catalytic gasification of Tavantolgoi coal. Large amount of inherent calcium minerals included in the weathered coal showed a catalytic effect on gasification activity. However, these minerals reacted actively with sodium catalysts (Na or binary Na-Fe) in stages of pyrolysis and gasification, consequently the catalysts lost their activities. Moreover, Fe ore did not have influence of catalyst in steam gasification of both weathered and energy coal samples. Moreover, an inherent Ca content of the energy coal sample was 10 times smaller than that of weathered coal sample. Gasification activity of the energy coal increased significantly with Na catalyst, and the amount of syngas increased 4.6 times compared to that evolved in noncatalytic gasification of the energy coal.

Тавантолгой ордын нүүрсний натри, төмөр катализатортай хийжүүлэлтийн идэвхэд эх эрдсийн үзүүлэх нөлөө
Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Өмнөговь аймгийн Цогтцэций сумын нутагт орших Тавантолгойн ордын овоолгын исэлдсэн нүүрс болон 300 метрээс доош гүнд байрлах эрчим хүчний чулуун нүүрсний хийжүүлэлтийн идэвхэд эх эрдсүүдийн нөлөө, мөн Fe, Na болон хосолсон Fe+Na катализаторуудын үзүүлэх нөлөөг тодорхойлох туршилтыг хийж гүйцэтгэв. Тавантолгойн ордын чулуун нүүрсний уурын хийжүүлэлтийн идэвхийн туршилтыг хөдөлгөөнгүй үет ган реакторт, 800ºС температурт, 200 мл/мин урсгал хурдтай аргон хий ба усны уурын 1:1 молийн харьцаа бүхий хийн холимогоор 1 цагийн турш хийжүүлсэн. Катализаторгүй үед Тавантолгойн исэлдсэн нүүрсний органик массын хувирал нь 81.8%, эрчим хүчний нүүрснийх 21.5% байв. Исэлдсэн нүүрсэнд агуулагдах кальци эрдэс нь нүүрсний уурын хийжүүлэлтийн идэвхийг нэмэгдүүлж байсан. Fe катализатор нь Тавантолгойн нүүрсний органик массын хувирлыг 0.32-1.81%-иар л нэмэгдүүлсэн, дан Na ба Fe+Na хосолсон катализатор нь органик массын хувирлыг 18.5-74.3% эрс нэмэгдүүлсэн. Тавантолгойн исэлдсэн нүүрсэнд катализатор хэрэглэх үед нүүрсэнд агуулагдах кальци нь катализатортай урвалд орж хийжүүлэлтийн идэвхэд мэдэгдэхүйц нөлөө үзүүлээгүй. Харин эрдсийн агуулга багатай эрчим хүчний нүүрсэнд кальци нь 10 дахин бага байсан. Эрчим хүчний нүүрсэнд Na катализаторыг хэрэглэх үед эх төмөр эрдэстэй хам идэвхжүүлэлтийн нөлөөгөөр хийжүүлэлтийн урвалын хурдыг эрс нэмэгдүүлсэн.Түлхүүр үг: Нүүрсний эрдэс, уурын хийжүүлэлт, төмрийн хүдэр, натрийн карбонат катализатор.