bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Selective Small‐Molecule c‐Myc Degrader Potently Regresses Lethal c‐Myc Overexpressing Tumors
Authors: Xu Ying , Yu Qingfeng , Wang Ping , Wu Zhaoxing , Zhang Lei , Wu Shuigao , Li Mengyuan , Wu Bowen , Li Hongzhi , Zhuang Haifeng , Zhang Xuzhao , Huang Yu , Gan Xiaoxian , Xu Rongzhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMYC oncogene is involved in the majority of human cancers and is often associated with poor outcomes, rendering it an extraordinarily desirable target, but therapeutic targeting of c‐Myc protein has been a challenge for >30 years. Here, WBC100, a novel oral active molecule glue that selectively degrades c‐Myc protein over other proteins and potently kills c‐Myc overexpressing cancer cells is reported. WBC100 targets the nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1)–Basic–nuclear localization signal 2 (NLS2) region of c‐Myc and induces c‐Myc protein degradation through ubiquitin E3 ligase CHIP mediated 26S proteasome pathway, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. In vivo, WBC100 potently regresses multiple lethal c‐Myc overexpressing tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic, and gastric cancers with good tolerability in multiple xenograft mouse models. Identification of the NLS1–Basic–NLS2 region as a druggable pocket for targeting the “undruggable” c‐Myc protein and that single‐agent WBC100 potently regresses c‐Myc overexpressing tumors through selective c‐Myc proteolysis opens new perspectives for pharmacologically intervening c‐Myc in human cancers.
Kinetic Modeling of Biomass Gasification in the Reduction Zone Using Various Gasification Agents
Authors: Marzoughi Tayebeh , Samimi Fereshteh , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe depletion of fossil fuels and global warming have incentivized research into alternative and ecologically benign fuels. Among the most promising options being investigated is the production of hydrogen from biomass. This work investigated the kinetic modeling of the reduction zone for hydrogen production from a wide range of biomass types and conducted a theoretical comparison between various gasification agents (air, steam, and air/steam). The proposed model helps to ascertain the best biomass and agent for attaining the highest hydrogen yield and the lowest environmental contamination in terms of detrimental CO2 emissions. The results show that steam gasification of plastic provides the highest hydrogen yield and that rubber could be considered the most environmentally friendly biomass.
Our research cooperation with Professor Yoshio Okamoto
Authors: Chankvetadze Bezhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article summarizes our cooperation with the research group of Prof. Yoshio Okamoto at Nagoya University during the period of time between 1992 and 2005. Although the text deals entirely with enantioseparations in high‐performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography, this is not a detailed review in any of these areas. The text highlights selected aspects of these techniques, which have been the subject of our joint research and in part their reflection in follow‐up research by our and other research groups. Together with more systematically studied topics, aspects such as ultrafast separation of enantiomers, uncommonly high separation factor of enantiomers and other related issues are also addressed.
Energy‐aware virtual machine consolidation based on evolutionary game theory
Authors: Liu Xialin , Wu Junsheng , Chen Lijun , Zhang Lili 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCloud data center consumes enormous amount of electrical power resulting in high operating cost and carbon dioxide emission. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation strives to reallocate VMs to the minimum number of physical machines dynamically to reduce energy consumption. An approach is proposed to solve consolidation problem of VMs toward optimization of their energy consumption. A novel algorithm is presented, and an energy consumption model is also presented to support the algorithm to find optimal solutions. Experimental results show that energy consumption can be reduced greatly by dynamic VM consolidation. In comparison with other classic algorithms, our proposed algorithm outcomes them and achieves average savings of 42% on energy consumption.
Detection of malware applications from centrality measures of syscall graph
Authors: Surendran Roopak , Thomas Tony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThese days it is found that malware authors tend to create new variants of existing Android malware by using various kinds of obfuscation techniques. These kinds of obfuscated malware applications can bypass all the current antimalware products which rely on static analysis techniques to detect the malicious behavior. Hence, it is essential to develop innovative dynamic analysis mechanisms for Android malware detection. It is known that, the malicious behavior of statically obfuscated malware applications can get reflected in the system call (syscall) trace generated by them. Most of the existing syscall based mechanisms depend only on the features derived from the syscall counts for malware detection. These syscall count related features are inadequate to capture many other useful characteristics related to the syscalls in a sequence. In order to overcome this limitation, we modeled the syscall trace of an application as an ordered graph which enabled to infer various kinds of features in the form of centrality measures related to that syscall trace of the application. Then, these centrality measures are fed to an ML model to predict the malicious behavior. From the implementation results, we found that our mechanism can detect malware apps with an accuracy of 0.99.
Antioxidant activities, functional properties, and application of a novel Lepidium sativum polysaccharide in the formulation of cake
Authors: Ben Slima Sirine , Ktari Naourez , chouikhi Aicha , Trabelsi Imen , Hzami Amina , Taktak Mohamed Amine , Msaddak Lotfi , Ben Salah Riadh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel heteropolysaccharide, named cress water soluble polysaccharide (CWSP), was purified from Lepidium sativum seeds. Antioxidant activities and functional properties were characterized thermally using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results of CWSP were evaluated. The total antioxidant capacity and the metal chelating activities of CWSP at 3 mg/ml were equivalent to 116.34 µg ascorbic acid and 62.57%, respectively. As for the CWSP that was used for the production of cakes, it was thermally stable, and it presented high water (WHC) and oil holding (OHC) capacities and good emulsion properties. The samples were prepared with different levels of CWSP (0.1. 0.3, and 0.5%) and analyzed during 15 days of storage at room temperature. The obtained results indicated that the addition of CWSP had a significant effect on the texture profile, leading to the increase in all parameters in terms of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and chewiness. Moreover, the reformulation samples presented higher a* and lower L* and b* than the control sample. The sensory evaluation showed that the formulation of cake with 0.3% of CWSP was the most acceptable. Therefore, CWSP was shown to be a new alternative for improving the quality attributes, indicating potent antioxidant activities on the shelf life during the storage of bakery foods.
Risk of breast cancer in men in relation to weight change: A national case‐control study in England and Wales
Authors: Swerdlow Anthony J. , Bruce Cydney , Cooke Rosie , Coulson Penny , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Jones Michael E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is uncommon in men and knowledge about its causation limited. Obesity is a risk factor but there has been no investigation of whether weight change is an independent risk factor, as it is in women. In a national case‐control study, 1998 men with breast cancer incident in England and Wales during 2005 to 2017 and 1597 male controls were interviewed about risk factors for breast cancer including anthropometric factors at several ages. Relative risks of breast cancer in relation to changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratios at these ages were obtained by logistic regression modelling. There were significant trends of increasing breast cancer risk with increase in BMI from age 20 to 40 (odds ratio [OR] 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05‐1.17] per 2 kg/m2 increase in BMI; P < .001), and from age 40 to 60 (OR 1.12 [1.04‐1.20]; P = .003), and with increase in self‐reported adiposity compared to peers at age 11 to BMI compared with peers at age 20 (OR 1.19 [1.09‐1.30]; P < .001). Increase in waist/height ratio from age 20 to 5 years before diagnosis was also highly significantly associated with risk (OR 1.13 [1.08‐1.19]; P < .001). The associations with increases in BMI and waist/height ratio were significant independently of each other and of BMI or waist/height ratio at the start of the period of change analysed, and effects were similar for invasive and in situ tumours separately. Increases in BMI and abdominal obesity are each risk factors for breast cancer in men, independently of obesity per se. These associations might relate to increasing oestrogen levels with weight gain, but this needs investigation.
Direct‐to‐consumer advertising and the advancement of the quadruple aim: A narrative review
Authors: Khokhar Bilal , Weathers Shannon , Joseph Mattingly T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe concept of pharmaceutical promotion targeted at the public has been controversial throughout history for many clinicians, patients, and policymakers and has led to many regulatory changes for pharmaceutical promotion in the United States. The objective of this narrative review was to identify, assess, and summarize evidence addressing the potential impact of direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTCA) on patient care through the lens of the quadruple aim of health care: (a) patient experience; (b) population health; (c) cost; and (d) provider experience. Increased spending on DTCA has frequently been cited in a negative context when discussing health policy due to inappropriate prescribing or increased spending on pharmaceuticals, but the research identified in this review describes a more complicated relationship. Any conclusions regarding the total impact on the health system will be greatly influenced by the perspective (eg, patient, provider, payer, society) of the person evaluating. In any case, benefits and harms of DTCA must be weighed in the context of the therapeutic area, population characteristics, and overall goal of the evaluator.
Earnings management through financing activities: Evidence from early debt extinguishments
Authors: Barua Abhijit , Kim Jung Hoon , Yi Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether early debt extinguishments, a financing activity, are used to manage earnings after the introduction of SFAS No. 145 in 2002. This standard changes the reporting rules of gains and losses from early debt extinguishments, which are now included in income from continuing operations. This shift in reporting rules provides firms with a potential opportunity to manage income from continuing operations, which is valued more by investors than below the line items. We hypothesize and find that gains from early debt extinguishments are positively associated with the magnitude of shortfall from earnings benchmarks and the propensity to meet or beat earnings benchmarks after the adoption of SFAS 145. Thus, our findings suggest unintended consequences of the SFAS No. 145, which may have implications for policy makers.
Methods and tools for causal discovery and causal inference
Authors: Nogueira Ana Rita , Pugnana Andrea , Ruggieri Salvatore , Pedreschi Dino , Gama João 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCausality is a complex concept, which roots its developments across several fields, such as statistics, economics, epidemiology, computer science, and philosophy. In recent years, the study of causal relationships has become a crucial part of the Artificial Intelligence community, as causality can be a key tool for overcoming some limitations of correlation‐based Machine Learning systems. Causality research can generally be divided into two main branches, that is, causal discovery and causal inference. The former focuses on obtaining causal knowledge directly from observational data. The latter aims to estimate the impact deriving from a change of a certain variable over an outcome of interest. This article aims at covering several methodologies that have been developed for both tasks. This survey does not only focus on theoretical aspects. But also provides a practical toolkit for interested researchers and practitioners, including software, datasets, and running examples.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Causality Discovery
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI
Technologies > Machine Learning
MINIMALLY TRANSITIVE FAMILIES OF SUBSPACES OF
Authors: LONGSTAFF W. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvery transitive family of subspaces of a vector space of finite dimension
$n\ge 2$
over a field
$\mathbb {F}$
contains a subfamily which is transitive but has no proper transitive subfamily. Such a subfamily is called minimally transitive. Each has at most
$n^2-n+1$
elements. On
${{\mathbb {C}}}^n, n\ge 3$
, a minimally transitive family of subspaces has at least four elements and a minimally transitive family of one-dimensional subspaces has
$\tau $
elements where
$n+1\le \tau \le 2n-2$
. We show how a minimally transitive family of one-dimensional subspaces arises when it consists of the subspaces spanned by the standard basis vectors together with those spanned by
$0$
–
$1$
vectors. On a space of dimension four, the set of nontrivial elements of a medial subspace lattice has five elements if it is minimally transitive. On spaces of dimension
$12$
or more, the set of nontrivial elements of a medial subspace lattice can have six or more elements and be minimally transitive.
Cross-Border Movement in Interwar Polesie as a Manifestation of the Local Population's Indifference towards the State
Authors: Boridczenko Stanisław 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present article addresses how the local population of the Polesie Voivodeship perceived the establishment of the Soviet–Polish state border that separated them into two nations. This article focuses on their co-existence, through the prism of the evolution of the reason for cross-border movements. It aims to show that national indifference is not based on the same attitude towards a modern institution as a result of only a vague knowledge of modern society, but is, very often, the result of a conscious choice in the conditions of the need to live and co-exist with ‘alien’ institutions of power. This article, contributing to a growing literature on how ‘ordinary’ people living near state frontiers both resist and appropriate these demarcations of state sovereignty, is largely based on cross-referencing local state archival material with oral testimony from residents of the time and their descendants.
Atlantic Water Inflow Through the Yermak Pass Branch: Evolution Since 2007
Authors: Artana Camila , Provost Christine , Koenig Zoé , Athanase Marylou , Asgari Ava 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThirty‐four months (2017–2020) of mooring data were recently obtained at 80.6°N, 7.26°E in the main branch of Atlantic Water inflow to the Arctic, the Yermak Pass Branch. The Yermak Pass Branch was sampled at that same location during 14 months a decade ago (2007–2008) when sea ice was abundant (mean sea‐ice concentration of 74% vs. 39% during the recent deployment). We focus on time scales larger than 50 hr. The new mooring data set shows an increase in the velocity variations of 40% compared to the 2007–2008 period. Year 2018 was exceptional with ice‐free conditions over the entire year and an intensified mesoscale activity compared to other years. Temperature and salinity time series at 340 m showed significant trends over 3 years (freshening of −0.07 g/kg and cooling of about −0.9°C in 3 years). The performance of 1/12° Mercator‐Ocean operational model at the mooring location was precisely assessed. The modeled Atlantic Water transport was on average larger during 2017–2020 (40% larger) than during 2007–2008. The synoptic transport time series ranged between −1 and 5 Sv over 2007–2020 and showed large seasonal and interannual variations. The transport was larger in winter than summer. However, occasionally negative transport (<−0.7 Sv) through the Yermak Pass Branch occurred during winters (“Blocking events”). These blocking events are associated with recirculations and eddy activity and were more common over the last years from 2016 onward. The model suggested that a Northern Branch crossing the Yermak Plateau further north (81.6°N) intermittently developed.
A comprehensive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for nicotine in humans from using nicotine-containing products with different routes of exposure
Authors: Rostami Ali A. , Campbell Jerry L. , Pithawalla Yezdi B. , Pourhashem Hamideh , Muhammad-Kah Raheema S. , Sarkar Mohamadi A. , Liu Jianmin , McKinney Willie J. , Gentry Robinan , Gogova Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can be a useful tool for characterizing nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) from use of tobacco products. We expand a previously published PBPK model to simulate a nicotine PK profile, following single or multiple use of various tobacco products [cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and electronic nicotine delivery systems, or a nicotine inhaler (NICOTROL)] The uptake route in the model was designed to allow for three uptake compartments: buccal cavity (BC), upper respiratory tract (URT) (conducting and transitional airways) and lower respiratory tract (alveolar region). Within each region, the model includes product-specific descriptions of the flux of nicotine into plasma, as well as the flux of nicotine from the BC and URT to the gastrointestinal tract. These descriptions are based on regional deposition and diffusion models of nicotine into plasma, which depends on the product type. Regional deposition flux combined with regional differences in physiological parameters (e.g., blood perfusion ratio and tissue thickness) play a key role in the product-specific PK profile of nicotine. The current model describes the slower flux of nicotine into plasma across the BC and URT, as well as the rapid flux known to occur in the alveolar region. Overall, the addition of the BC and respiratory tract compartments to the nicotine model provided simulation results that are comparable to the nicotine time-course plasma concentrations reported from clinical studies for the four product categories simulated.
Discovery of the interfamily grafting capacity ofPetunia, a floricultural species
Authors: Kurotani Ken-ichi , Huang Chaokun , Okayasu Koji , Suzuki Takamasa , Ichihashi Yasunori , Shirasu Ken , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Niwa Masaki , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn grafting, an agricultural technique for propagating flower species and fruit trees, two plants are combined to exploit their beneficial characteristics, such as rootstock disease tolerance and vigor. Grafting incompatibility has been observed, however, between distantly related plant combinations, which limits the availability of plant resources. A high grafting capacity has been found in Nicotiana, belonging to Solanaceae, but not in Ipomoea nil, a Convolvulaceae species. Here, we found that Petunia hybrida, another solanaceous species, has similar ability of interfamily grafting, which indicates that interfamily grafting capability in Solanaceae is not limited to the genus Nicotiana. RNA sequencing-based comparative time-series transcriptomic analyses of Nicotiana benthamiana, I. nil, and P. hybrida revealed that N. benthamiana and P. hybrida share a common gene expression pattern, with continued elevated expression of the β-1,4-glucanase subclade gene GH9B3 observed after interfamily grafting. During self-grafting, GH9B3 expression in each species was similarly elevated, thus suggesting that solanaceous plants have altered regulatory mechanisms for GH9B3 gene expression that allow tissue fusion even with other species. Finally, we tested the effect of the β-1,4-glucanase inhibitor D-glucono-1,5-lactone, using glucose as a control, on the interfamily grafting usability of P. hybrida with Arabidopsis rootstock. Strong inhibition of graft establishment was observed only with D-glucono-1,5-lactone, thus suggesting the important role of GH9B3 in P. hybrida grafting. The newly discovered grafting compatibility of Petunia with different families enhances the propagation techniques and the production of flower plants.
Integrative analysis of the shikonin metabolic network identifies new gene connections and reveals evolutionary insight into shikonin biosynthesis
Authors: Suttiyut Thiti , Auber Robert P , Ghaste Manoj , Kane Cade N , McAdam Scott A M , Wisecaver Jennifer H , Widhalm Joshua R 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPlant specialized 1,4-naphthoquinones present a remarkable case of convergent evolution. Species across multiple discrete orders of vascular plants produce diverse 1,4-naphthoquinones via one of several pathways using different metabolic precursors. Evolution of these pathways was preceded by events of metabolic innovation and many appear to share connections with biosynthesis of photosynthetic or respiratory quinones. Here, we sought to shed light on the metabolic connections linking shikonin biosynthesis with its precursor pathways and on the origins of shikonin metabolic genes. Downregulation of Lithospermum erythrorhizon geranyl diphosphate synthase (LeGPPS), recently shown to have been recruited from a cytoplasmic farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), resulted in reduced shikonin production and a decrease in expression of mevalonic acid and phenylpropanoid pathway genes. Next, we used LeGPPS and other known shikonin pathway genes to build a coexpression network model for identifying new gene connections to shikonin metabolism. Integrative in silico analyses of network genes revealed candidates for biochemical steps in the shikonin pathway arising from Boraginales-specific gene family expansion. Multiple genes in the shikonin coexpression network were also discovered to have originated from duplication of ubiquinone pathway genes. Taken together, our study provides evidence for transcriptional crosstalk between shikonin biosynthesis and its precursor pathways, identifies several shikonin pathway gene candidates and their evolutionary histories, and establishes additional evolutionary links between shikonin and ubiquinone metabolism. Moreover, we demonstrate that global coexpression analysis using limited transcriptomic data obtained from targeted experiments is effective for identifying gene connections within a defined metabolic network.