bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation and aeroallergen sensitization – the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Kilanowski Anna , Abrishamcar Sarina , Feil Dakotah , Thiering Elisabeth , Waldenberger Melanie , Peters Annette , Standl Marie , Hüls Anke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDNA methylation (DNAm) is considered a plausible pathway through which genetic and environmental factors may influence the development of allergies. However, causality has yet to be determined as it is unknown whether DNAm is rather a cause or consequence of allergic sensitization.Here, we investigated the direction of the observed associations between well-known environmental and genetic determinants of allergy, DNAm, and aeroallergen sensitization using a combination of high-dimensional and causal mediation analyses.MethodsUsing prospectively collected data from the German LISA birth cohort from two time windows (6-10 years: N=234; 10-15 years: N=167), we tested whether DNAm is a cause or a consequence of aeroallergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E >0.35kU/l) by conducting mediation analyses for both effect directions using maternal smoking during pregnancy, family history of allergies, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for any allergic disease as exposure variables. We evaluated individual CpG sites (EPIC BeadChip) and allergy-related methylation risk scores (MRS) as potential mediators in the mediation analyses. We applied three high-dimensional mediation approaches (HIMA, DACT, gHMA) and validated results using causal mediation analyses.ResultsUsing high-dimensional methods, we identified five CpGs as mediators of sensitization with significant (adjusted p<0.05) indirect effects in the causal mediation analysis (maternal smoking: 2 CpGs, family history: 1, PRS: 2). The effect of family history on allergy-related MRS was significantly mediated by aeroallergen sensitization (proportions mediated: 33.7% to 49.6%), suggesting changes in DNAm occurred post sensitization.ConclusionThe results indicate that DNAm may be a cause or consequence of aeroallergen sensitization depending on genomic location. Allergy-related MRS, identified as a potential cause of sensitization, can be considered as a cross-sectional biomarker of disease. Differential DNAm in individual CpGs, identified as mediators of the development of sensitization, could be used as clinical predictors of disease development.
Activated-memory T cells influence naive T cell fate: A novel non-cytotoxic function of human CD8 T cells
Authors: Saski Kazuki , Moussawy Mouhamad Al , Abou-Daya Khodor I. , Macedo Camila. , Hosni-Ahmed Amira , Liu Silvia , Juya Mariam , Zahorchak Alan F. , Metes Diana M. , Thomson Angus W. , Lakkis Fadi G. , Abdelsamed Hossam A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

T cells are endowed with the capacity to sense their environment including other T cells around them. They do so to set their numbers and activation thresholds. This form of regulation has been well-studied within a given T cell population – i.e., within the naïve or memory pool; however, less is known about the cross-talk between T cell subsets. Here, we tested whether memory T cells interact with and influence surrounding naïve T cells. We report that human naïve CD8 T cells (TN) undergo phenotypic and transcriptional changes in the presence of autologous activated-memory CD8 T cells (TMem). Following in vitro co-culture with activated central memory cells (TCM), ~3% of the TN acquired activation/memory canonical markers (CD45RO and CD95) in an MHC-I dependent-fashion. Using scRNA-seq, we also observed that ~3% of the TN acquired an activated/memory signature, while ~84% developed a unique activated transcriptional profile hybrid between naïve and activated memory. Pseudotime trajectory analysis provided further evidence that TN with an activated/memory or hybrid phenotype were derived from TN. Our data reveal a non-cytotoxic function of TMem with potential to activate autologous TN into the activated/memory pool. These findings may have implications for host-protection and autoimmunity that arises after vaccination, infection or transplantation.
Climate change into reverse gear – reversibility and legacies
Authors: Anderl Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As society appears determined to significantly reduce carbon emissions, the viable question arises how nature will follow. A simple model is applied to project atmospheric CO2 concentration and near-surface temperature for emissions reductions up to 3 %/year. In result for anthropogenic efforts of 1.5-3 %/year emissions reduction, nature will return to the 1970’s CO2 concentration accompanied by a final industrial-eon temperature rise of 1.4-1.8 °C. For lower emissions reductions of e.g. 1 or 0 %/year, 22 % or 78 % of emissions need be technically removed per year to confine the temperature increase at 1.8 °C. Within this temperature regime, humankind’s ocean heating is inferred to remain within natural variabilities and sea level to approximately rise by 6 m/°C at a pace of 0.2 m/century.
Rhubarb Peony Decoction Downregulates the Expression of c-Fos after Intestinal
Epithelial Cells Hypoxia-reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhou Yong-kun , Xu Zhen-guo , Chen Xi-qi , Zhang Yun-jie , Zhu Yong , Zhang Xiao-Shuang 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in several clinical situations
and after intestinal transplantation. This study aimed to examine the role of rhubarb peony
decoction (RPD) in intestinal I/R injury.

Methods:
Different concentrations of RPD were set to treat IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. Cell proliferation
and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. High-throughput transcriptome
sequencing was performed on IEC-6 cells treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) or
HR and RPD.

Results:
RPD treatment significantly promoted the proliferation of IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells and inhibited
apoptosis. Sequencing results identified 109 significantly up-regulated genes and 36 significantly
down-regulated genes in the RPD group. In addition, the results of western blot suggested
that HR induced the expression of c-Fos, and the treatment of RPD prevented the HR-induced c-
Fos expression. Importantly, knockdown of c-Fos rescued the HR-inhibited cell proliferation and
HR-induced apoptosis.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, RPD was beneficial in protecting the survival of intestinal epithelial
cells under HR stress. Furthermore, the increase in c-Fos expression after HR stress was closely related
to the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.
Advancement in Deep Learning Methods for Diagnosis and Prognosis of
Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Gupta Akshat , Parveen Alisha , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women, mainly in developing countries, including
India. Recent advancements in technologies could allow for more rapid, cost-effective, and
sensitive screening and treatment measures for cervical cancer. To this end, deep learning-based methods
have received importance for classifying cervical cancer patients into different risk groups. Furthermore,
deep learning models are now available to study the progression and treatment of cancerous
cervical conditions. Undoubtedly, deep learning methods can enhance our knowledge toward a better
understanding of cervical cancer progression. However, it is essential to thoroughly validate the deep
learning-based models before they can be implicated in everyday clinical practice. This work reviews
recent development in deep learning approaches employed in cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Further, we provide an overview of recent methods and databases leveraging these new approaches for
cervical cancer risk prediction and patient outcomes. Finally, we conclude the state-of-the-art approaches
for future research opportunities in this domain.
Impact of Indazole Scaffold as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent
Authors: Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Yi Dong Kee , Panda Om Prakash , Chigurupati Sridevi , Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Hossain Md. Imran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Heterocycles consisting of nitrogen atom, Indazole, is a pungent, biological, heterocyclic, bicyclic compounds possessing electron rich portions. Indazole composed of two nitrogen atoms put under the azoles family, further called as isoindazolone. It is a colorless solid nitrogen–containing heterocyclics with atomic formula C7H6N2 are extraordinary scaffolds, still identified as isoindazole. So, analogs of Indazole have experienced expert approach in later times because of its special biological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and antihypertensive actions. 1H-indazole and 2H-indazole are two toutomeric forms of Indazole. Sometimes, indazole produced three tautomeric forms that are 1H, 2H and 3H tautomers of indazole. 1H-indazole is reliable than 2H-indazole. We should note that a series of derivatives of indazole having 2H toutomers follow hybridization of cyclic systems and act as anti-inflammatory as well as antimicrobial compounds. It formed Indazole itself and derivatives of Indazole in natural products. A sequence of N-methyl-3-aryl inazoles has dominant against bacterial strains like xanthomon as campstris, Baillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium and a fungal strain candida albicans found by in-vitro antimicrobial study of indazole derivatives.
Study on the Mechanism of Sanqi in the Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation-Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular
Docking Technology
Authors: Yao Xin , Zhang XiuJun , Ma ShaoJun , Zheng Chen , Guo YongFei , Lu Wei , Ye Kui 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore
the molecular mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Methods:
The main active components and targets of Panax notoginseng were screened by the TCMSP
database, and DIC-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. PPI network was constructed
by String and Cytoscape, GO gene analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed
by DAVID, and molecular docking was performed by AutoDock software.

Results:
Eight active compounds and 51 potential therapeutic targets of Sanqi were screened. The key targets include VEGF, MAPK3, EGFR, STAT3 and so on. Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, quercetin, DFV, and Diop were identified as potential candidate ingredients. There are 95 KEGG enrichment pathways. The metabolic pathways involving a large number of genes mainly include PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Eight active compounds and 51 potential therapeutic targets of Sanqi were screened. The key
targets include VEGF, MAPK3, EGFR, STAT3 and so on. Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, quercetin, DFV,
and Diop were identified aspotential candidate ingredients. There are 95 KEGG enrichment pathways.
The metabolic pathways involving a large number of genes mainly include the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,
Rap1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway.
Identification of Withanolide G as a Potential Inhibitor of Rho-associated
Kinase-2 Catalytic Domain to Confer Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sinha Ambarish Kumar , Dahiya Kajal , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in a large
number of patients globally. Brain damage in ischemic stroke is led by a complex cascade of events. The
Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROCK2) has a significant role in cerebral vasospasm, vascular remodeling, and
inflammation. It is activated in cerebral ischemia and its inhibition leads to a neuroprotective effect.

Objective:
The present study is designed to identify potential inhibitors of ROCK2 using a molecular
docking approach.

Method:
We docked phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (WS) into the catalytic site of ROCK2 and
compared results with inhibitor Y-27632. ADME and drug-likeness properties of WS phytochemicals
were also analyzed.

Results:
Results suggest that 11 phytochemicals exhibited higher binding affinity toward the ROCK2
catalytic domain compared to the Y-27632 inhibitor. Among these phytochemicals, Withanolide G
formed H-bonding and established hydrophobic contacts with key catalytic domain residues of ROCK2.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that Withanolide G has the potential to inhibit the action of ROCK2
and can be developed as a neurotherapeutic agent to combat cerebral ischemic insult.
Boosting the Immune System with Vitamin D: Special Focus on Prevention
of COVID-19 and Complications
Authors: Ansari Shahid Husain , Ahmad Sayeed , Parveen Abida , Parveen Bushra , Zahiruddin Sultan , Parveen Rabea , Agarwal Nidhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
In addition to the classical functions of the musculoskeletal system and calcium homeostasis,
the function of vitamin D as an immune modulator is well established. The vitamin D
receptors and enzymes that metabolize vitamin D are ubiquitously expressed in most cells in the
body, including T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, macrophages and
natural killer cells that trigger immune and antimicrobial responses. Many in vitro and in vivo
studies revealed that vitamin D promotes tolerogenic immunological action and immune modulation.
Vitamin D adequacy positively influences the expression and release of antimicrobial peptides,
such as cathelicidin, defensin, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the expression
of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggestss that vitamin D's protective immunogenic actions
reduce the risk, complications, and death from COVID-19. On the contrary, vitamin D deficiency
worsened the clinical outcomes of viral respiratory diseases and the COVID-19-related
cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. The study revealed the need for
more preclinical studies and focused on well-designed clinical trials with adequate sizes to understand
the role of vitamin D on the pathophysiology of immune disorders and mechanisms of
subduing microbial infections, including COVID-19.
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography-guided 25G Microamount
Trajectory Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Penetrating Ocular
Injury Caused by a Foreign Body in the Right Eye: A Case Study
Authors: Du Zhaojiang , Wang Yuan , Wang Shengyu , Zhao Xingxing , Lu Xin , Wang Tiantian , Chen Wenjun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time three-dimensional tomography
optical imaging technology that uses near-infrared waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the
retina and other tissues. A few studies have reported the use of intraoperative OCT navigation for the
removal of foreign bodies from the eyeball during surgery. The objective is to present a single case
with a small foreign body (not embedded in the retina) treated with intraoperative OCT guided 25G
micro-amount trajectory vitrectomy.

Case Presentation:
The examination of a 25-year-old man, who suffered from right eye pain, suggested
the following: the visual acuity was 20/250, the intraocular pressure was 8 mmHg, a scleral penetrating
wound was visible at 3 mm behind the limbus at 7 o' clock, and Tyn (+). The vitreous showed
some flocculent turbidity, the retina was flat, and the foreign body was visible at 10 o' clock. On the
day of admission, the patient underwent a micro-amount vitrectomy with the removal of the foreign
body. The vitreous body affected by the foreign body was then removed through the original wound
track by using intraoperative OCT navigation.

Conclusion:
The final follow-up showed the best-corrected vision of the right eye as 20/25 andno occurrence
of complications. The intraoperative OCT-guided 25G micro-amount trajectory vitrectomy
could be used as an accurate, useful, and safe method for foreign body extraction.
A Review of Recent Patents on Metal Precision Plastic Forming Technology
Authors: Gao Huaqiang , Zhang Tingliang , Xie Baocheng 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Precision plastic forming technology has become an important development
direction of advanced manufacturing technology because of its remarkable characteristics of
high yield, high quality, and low consumption. Compared with traditional forming technology, it
not only improves the utilization rate of metal materials, but also strengthens the dimensional accuracy
of the workpiece. Therefore, the development trend of metal plastic precision forming
technology has been paid increasing attention.

Objective:
To meet the increasing requirement of processing quality and processing efficiency in
the metal precision plastic forming technology, metal cold precision plastic forming technology,
metal warm precision plastic forming technology, metal thermal precision plastic forming technology
and metal composite precision plastic forming technology is being improved continuously.

Methods:
This paper reviews the current various representative patents related to metal cold precision
plastic forming technology, metal warm precision plastic forming technology, metal thermal
precision plastic forming technology, and metal composite precision plastic forming technology.

Results:
Through investigating a large number of patents on metal precision plastic forming, metal
cold precision plastic forming technology, metal warm precision plastic forming technology,
metal thermal precision plastic forming technology and metal composite precision plastic forming
technology are discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of metal precision plastic forming is conducive to increasing processing
efficiency and processing quality. More relevant patents will be invented in the future.
Syzygium jambolanum Homeopathic Formulation Improves Diabetes
Modulating Adipogenic Genes in Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Comparison
to the Standard Metformin Treatment
Authors: Santos Sérgio Henrique Sousa , Moreira Daniele Cristina , Guimarães Victor Hugo Dantas , de Paula Alfredo Mauricio Batista , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , de Rezende Luiz Fernando , D’Angelis Carlos Eduardo Mendes , da Fonseca Francine Souza Alves 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Homeopathy is an alternative therapy that uses substances dilution. The homeopathic preparation of Syzygium jambolanum (SJ) has potential use in the treatment of glycemic disorders.

Objective:
In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of the SJ homeopathic preparation on treating obesity and glycemic/metabolic disorders compared with metformin treatment (diabetes gold-treatment) in a mice model fed a high-fat diet.

Method:
A total of 48 male Swiss mice were divided into six groups with eight animals each, randomly distributed as follows: obese and non-obese groups (ST), treated and non treated with SJ or metformin. Obesity was induced by high-fat/high-sugar diet, while the control mice (ST) received a standard diet for 12 weeks, after which, for 30 days, the animals received a preparation of 20 µl/100g/body-weight of SJ or a dose of 250 mg/kg metformin (by gavage). The control groups ST and HFHS received water gavage. Body composition and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The adipose genes for lipogenesis and thermogenesis were tested.

Results:
The mice treated with Syzygium jambolanum presented reduced weight gain (p< 0.02) and smaller adipose tissue weight, average difference from the mice treated with metformin, and both groups showed improved insulin sensitivity (p<0.04). The main results were associated with the modulation of the adipogenesis pathway (C/EPBα and PPARγ) and to the thermogenic gene Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1).

Conclusion:
Homeopathic administration of the Syzygium jambolanum preparation leads to lower body weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL), pointing its efficiency on treating diabetes and obesity.
Philostratus, the cup of Tantalus and the bowl of Buddha
Authors: Mastrocinque Attilio 
Published: May 2022

The episode of Apollonius among the Indian ascetics, described by Philostratus, testifies to a good knowledge of Buddhist beliefs and customs. The magical bowl producing food and drink automatically is the pivotal element of different well-known accounts concerning Buddha. A Buddhist text, the Vimalakīrti Sūtra, provides us with a series of details also recurring in Philostratus. The magical bowl not only issues liquids as from a spring, but also does not let the liquid overflow and reach the rim. Tantalus should have been interpreted as a Buddhist philanthropic hero in the cultural milieu of the Indo-Greeks. A cup including a little statue of Tantalus who cannot touch the liquid surrounding him has been found in Vinkovci (Croatia). The wondrous cup of Tantalus explains a miracle performed by Septimius Severus in a desert and the mechanics of some spells and amulets for either stopping or producing hemorrhages.
The Experience of 3D Total-Body Photography to Monitor Nevi: Results From an Australian General Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Horsham Caitlin , O'Hara Montana , Sanjida Saira , Ma Samantha , Jayasinghe Dilki , Green Adele C , Schaider Helmut , Aitken Joanne F , Sturm Richard A , Prow Tarl , Soyer H Peter , Janda Monika 
Published: May 2022

Background
Digital 3D total-body photography of the skin surface is an emerging imaging modality that can facilitate the identification of new and changing nevi.

Objective
We aimed to describe the experiences of study participants drawn from the general population who were provided 3D total-body photography and dermoscopy for the monitoring of nevi.

Methods
A population-based prospective study of adults aged 20-70 years from South East Queensland, Australia was conducted. Participants underwent 3D total-body photography and dermoscopy every 6 months over a 3-year period. Participants were asked to provide closed and open-ended feedback on their 3D total-body photography and dermoscopy experience (eg, comfort, trust, intended future use, and willingness to pay) at the halfway study time point (18 months) and final study time point (36 months). We assessed changes in participants’ reported experience of 3D total-body photography, and patient characteristics associated with patient experience at the end of the study (36 months) were analyzed.

Results
A total of 149 participants completed the surveys at both the 18- and 36-month time points (median age 55, range 23-70 years; n=94, 63.1% were male). At the 18-month time point, most participants (n=103, 69.1%) stated they completely trusted 3D total-body imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of their nevi, and this did not change at the 36-month (n=104, 69.8%) time point. The majority of participants reported that they were very comfortable or comfortable with the technology at both the 18- (n=138, 92.6%) and 36-month (n=140, 94%) time points, respectively; albeit, the number of participants reporting that they were very comfortable reduced significantly between the 18- and 36-month time points, from 71.1% (n=106) to 61.1% (n=91; P=.01). Almost all participants (n=140, 94%) would consider using this technology if it were to become commercially available, and this did not change during the two study time points. Half of the participants (n=74) cited barriers to participating in 3D total-body photography, including trust in the ability of this technology to detect and monitor suspicious lesions, digital privacy, cost, and travel requirements.

Conclusions
The majority of participants expressed positive attitudes toward 3D total-body photography for the monitoring of their moles. Half of the participants identified potential barriers to uptake.