bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Initial miRNA Profile of Persons With Persisting Neurobehavioral Impairments and States of Disordered Consciousness After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zilliox Michael J. , Foecking Eileen M. , Kuffel Gina R. , Conneely Mark , Saban Karen L. , Herrold Amy A. , Kletzel Sandra L. , Radke Jay R. , Walsh Elyse , Guernon Ann , Pape Ariana , Ripley David L. , Patil Vijaya , Pacheco Marilyn S. , Rosenow Joshua M. , Bhaumik Runa , Bhaumik Dulal , Pape Theresa L. Bender 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To examine the merits of using microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of disorders of consciousness (DoC) due to traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Settings:
Acute and subacute beds.

Participants:
Patients remaining in vegetative and minimally conscious states (VS, MCS), an average of 1.5 years after TBI, and enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (n = 6). Persons without a diagnosed central nervous system disorder, neurotypical controls (n = 5).

Design:
Comparison of whole blood miRNA profiles between patients and age/gender-matched controls. For patients, correlational analyses between miRNA profiles and measures of neurobehavioral function.

Main Measures:
Baseline measures of whole blood miRNAs isolated from the cellular and fluid components of blood and measured using miRNA-seq and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Baseline neurobehavioral measures derived from 7 tests.

Results:
For patients, relative to controls, 48 miRNA were significantly (P < .05)/differentially expressed. Cluster analysis showed that neurotypical controls were most similar to each other and with 2 patients (VS: n = 1; and MCS: n = 1). Three patients, all in MCS, clustered separately. The only female in the sample, also in MCS, formed an independent group. For the 48 miRNAs, the enriched pathways identified are implicated in secondary brain damage and 26 miRNAs were significantly (P < .05) correlated with measures of neurobehavioral function.

Conclusions:
Patients remaining in states of DoC an average of 1.5 years after TBI showed a different and reproducible pattern of miRNA expression relative to age/gender-matched neurotypical controls. The phenotypes, defined by miRNA profiles relative to persisting neurobehavioral impairments, provide the basis for future research to determine the miRNA profiles differentiating states of DoC and the basis for future research using miRNA to detect treatment effects, predict treatment responsiveness, and developing targeted interventions. If future research confirms and advances reported findings, then miRNA profiles will provide the foundation for patient-centric DoC neurorehabilitation.
Clozapine Blood Concentration Predicts Corrected QT-Interval Prolongation in Patients With Psychoses
Authors: Kim Kyungtae , Kim Yong Sik , Joo Eun-jeong , Kim Eui-joong , Bhang Soo-young , Choi Jae-won , Jeong Jae Hoon , Lee Kyu Young 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation (QTP) is a rare but fatal adverse effect of antipsychotics. Clozapine is the only antipsychotic recommended for treatment of resistant schizophrenia; however, clozapine has been reported to cause QTP. We sought factors predictive of QTP in patients who had antipsychotic polypharmacy involving clozapine. We explored whether the clozapine blood concentration might predict QTP.

Methods
We included 133 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who had antipsychotic polypharmacy involving clozapine. We used the χ
2 and nonparametric tests to compare clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) values and QTc-prolonged person (QTPP) status. Multivariate regression and mediator models were used to identify risk factors for QTPP status and QTP.

Results
In total, 111 patients were prescribed clozapine. The QTPP rates were 31.3% (20) for men and 23.2% (16) for women. Compared with the non-QTPP group, the QTPP group exhibited significantly higher daily dose of all antipsychotics including clozapine, a higher clozapine dose, and elevated clozapine and norclozapine TDM values. Furthermore, such patients were prescribed a greater number of antipsychotics. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only the clozapine TDM value could be predictive factor for QTPP status (P = 0.018). A clozapine TDM value above the therapeutic range (>600 mg/dL) was associated with a high risk of QTPP status (adjusted odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–25.2; P = 0.006). The mediator model revealed that the clozapine TDM values completely mediated the association between the clozapine dose and the QTc interval.

Conclusions
The clozapine blood concentration reliably predicts QTP in patients with clozapine use.
How Do Hospital-Specific Data Dictionaries Impact Competency Level With Data Collection: A National Survey
Authors: Urban Shane , Carmichael Heather , Vasilatos Angela , Moe Martin , Dumond Robbie , Kennard Lori , Vega Stephanie , Krell Regina , Cripps Michael W. , Velopulos Catherine 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Trauma registry staff are tasked with high-quality data collection to support program requirements. Hospital-specific data dictionaries are increasingly used to ensure accurate data collection, yet it is unknown how such a resource impacts a trauma registry team's competency with data collection.

Objective:
This study sought to explore whether having a hospital-specific data dictionary affected trauma service team members' self-reported competency level with abstracting required and nonrequired data elements.

Methods:
This study used an anonymous, cross-sectional survey distributed (July 2020 to September 2020) by the Society of Trauma Nurses, the American College of Surgeons, and the Trauma System News outlets to trauma registrars, trauma nurse coordinators, clinical quality specialists, program managers, program directors, and trauma research personnel. A 26-question survey was designed using a visual sliding scale from 0 to 100 to measure self-reported competence and associated variables.

Results:
A total of 881 respondents completed the survey from at least 495 centers. Six hundred ninety-six (79.0%) respondents were from Level I or Level II programs. Several factors were associated with team members feeling highly competent in collecting data for various reporting requirements, including the level of trauma center verification, tenure working in trauma services, and the presence of a hospital-specific data dictionary.

Conclusion:
Trauma centers should consider establishing a hospital-specific data dictionary as they are associated with higher registry staff competence working with trauma registry data.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC-10) Scale
Authors: Kataoka Mayumi , Kotake Risa , Asaoka Hiroki , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Trauma-informed care is recommended to avoid the inadvertent retraumatization of patients by health care providers. Psychometric evaluation of trauma-informed care instruments is needed. The Japanese version of the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC-10) Scale has not yet been psychometrically validated.

Objective:
The study's objective was to examine the reliability and validity of the ARTIC-10.

Methods:
This psychometric study of the ARTIC-10 compared with five other scales associated with attitudes related to trauma-informed care used a cross-sectional survey design conducted in November 2020 with a convenience sample of Japanese physicians and nurses recruited from an internet research agency. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires including the (a) ARTIC-10; (b) the Japanese version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire 2018; (c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9; (d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; (e) Stress Underestimation Beliefs; and (f) Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Cronbach's α measured reliability internal consistency, and construct validity was measured by Spearman's rank.

Results:
A total of 794 physicians and nurses completed the surveys. Cronbach's α value of ARTIC-10 was 0.56. Higher scores of ARTIC-10 were positively and significantly correlated with Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire 2018 and negatively and significantly correlated with other scales (r =−.12 to .30).

Conclusion:
This study found only modest internal consistency and construct validity of the Japanese version of ARTIC-10 in physicians and nurses. Further study is needed to identify factors that affect the reliability and validity of this Japanese scale to improve its psychometric properties.
Preventing Vitamin B6–Related Neurotoxicity
Authors: Reddy Pramod 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Vitamin B6 is essential for life and plays a critical role in many biochemical and physiological processes in the human body. The term B6 collectively refers to 6 water-soluble vitamers, and only the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) serves as the biologically active form. A plasma PLP concentration above 30 nmol/L (7.4 μg/L) is indicative of an adequate vitamin B6 status for all age and sex groups. The currently recommended daily allowance of B6 (1.5–2 mg/d) from dietary sources frequently results in inadequate B6 status (<20 nmol/L or 5 μg/L) in many elderly patients and patients with comorbid conditions. PLP-based supplements are preferred and should be administered weekly in low doses (50–100 mg) to maintain a stable serum PLP level between 30 and 60 nmol/L or 7.4 and 15 μg/L.

Areas of Uncertainty:
It is challenging for physicians to prescribe a safe dose of B6 supplements because of the narrow therapeutic index. The association between elevated levels of pyridoxine and neuropathy is not well established. PLP-based supplements are shown to be least neurotoxic, but further clinical trials are needed to establish the long-term safety in high doses.

Data Sources:
PubMed search of randomized control trials and meta-analyses.

Therapeutic Opinion:
Plasma B6 levels should be ordered as a part of workup of any unexplained anemia before labeling as “anemia of chronic disease.” B6 supplementation is also crucial in the management of chronic Mg deficiency resistant to therapy. When B6 is administered daily in supraphysiologic doses, there is a potential for the development of neurotoxicity (typically at levels >100 nmol/L or 25 μg/L). PLP-based supplements are preferred over pyridoxine supplements because of minimal neurotoxicity observed in neuronal cell viability tests. Since B6 metabolites have a long half-life, weekly administration is preferred over daily use to prevent toxicity.
Caregiver Burden Correlates With Complexity of Drug Regimen in Non-oncological Palliative Medicine
Authors: Pop Rodica Sorina , Mosoiu Daniela , Tint Diana 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Progressive chronic diseases presume a complex treatment plan that depends on the number of symptoms, their severity, and comorbidities. Drug management is an essential responsibility of the family caregiver of a palliative care patient, but has received limited attention in field research.

Study Questions:
The aim of this study is to identify the complexity of the therapeutic plan followed at home by cancer or noncancer patients needing palliative care, and to assess its impact on the burden of the family caregivers.

Study Design:
This observational study was conducted at patient's admission in a palliative care department. The study involved cancer and noncancer patients and their primary family caregivers. To measure the care burden, the Burden Scale for Family Caregiver was used and for the complexity of the therapeutic plan, the Medication Regime Complexity Index.

Measures and Outcomes:
To measure the care burden, the Burden Scale for Family Caregiver was used and for the complexity of the therapeutic plan, the Medication Regime Complexity Index.

Results:
One hundred and forty patients were enrolled with their family caregivers: patients with nononcological pathologies (n = 63) and patients with cancer (n = 77). Caregiver's burden score is statistically significantly correlated with the complexity of the medical plan in both groups (P = 0.32 and P = 0.012 respectively). The average family caregiver's burden was significantly higher in the nononcological group (45 ± 14.45 vs. 36.52 ± 15.05; P = 0.001). The number of medications that family caregivers administer daily for patients without cancer is higher than in the other subset (8.25 ± 4.94 vs. 5.89 ± 4.93; P = 0.004). Opioids were more frequently used for pain control in cancer patients (5 vs. 72; P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The caregiver's burden is high for nononcological patients. The complexity of the treatment plan (number of drugs and frequency of administration) is significantly correlated with the care burden. Further studies are needed to understand which interventions targeted on family caregivers will minimize the burden of care.
Fertility preservation in uro-oncology
Authors: Moore Kieran J. , Delgado Carlos , Ory Jesse 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to highlight the demand for fertility preservation among cancer survivors and to draw attention to areas where healthcare workers need to improve. As technology advances, maximizing cryopreservation rates will be paramount to increase the ability individuals to conceive after cancer treatment.

Recent findings
Guidelines recommending discussion of fertility for those diagnosed with cancer have been shown to increase patient satisfaction and overall quality of life. Our review demonstrated that increasing counseling rates remains an ongoing challenge and should remain an area of improvement for all healthcare professionals working in the oncology field. Formal programs to improve patient and provider education and access to fertility preservation increase uptake of fertility preservation. For men, many options exist to cryopreserve sperm; a slight delay to achieve fertility preservation has not been shown to lead to worse outcomes. Cryopreservation strategies differ based on puberty status and remain an active area of clinical research.

Summary
Improving fertility outcomes for cancer survivors is possible with appropriate counseling techniques at the time of cancer diagnosis. Clinicians should challenge current barriers for patient access to fertility preservation surrounding cancer treatments.
IL-33-induced neutrophilic inflammation and NETosis underlie rhinovirus-triggered exacerbations of asthma
Authors: Curren Bodie , Ahmed Tufael , Howard Daniel R , Ullah Md. Ashik , Sebina Ismail , Rashid Ridwan B , Sikder Md. Al Amin , Bissell Alec , Ngo Sylvia , Jackson David J , Toussaint Marie , Edwards Michael R. , Johnston Sebastian L , McSorley Henry J. , Phipps Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRhinovirus-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute asthma exacerbations, however the molecular factors that trigger NETosis in this context remain ill-defined. Here, we sought to implicate a role for IL-33, an epithelial cell-derived alarmin rapidly released in response to infection. In mice with chronic experimental asthma (CEA), but not naïve controls, rhinovirus inoculation induced an early (1 day post infection; dpi) inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils, neutrophil-associated cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, CXCL1) and NETosis, followed by a later, type-2 inflammatory phase (3-7 dpi), characterized by eosinophils, elevated IL-4 levels, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Notably, both phases were ablated by HpARI (Heligmosomoides polygyrusAlarmin Release Inhibitor), which blocks IL-33 release and signalling. Instillation of exogenous IL-33 recapitulated the rhinovirus-induced early phase, including the increased presence of NETs in the airway mucosa, in a PAD4-dependent manner.Ex vivoIL-33-stimulated neutrophils from mice with CEA, but not naïve mice, underwent NETosis, and produced greater amounts of IL-1α/β, IL-4, and IL-5. In nasal samples from rhinovirus-infected people with asthma, but not healthy controls, IL-33 levels correlated with neutrophil elastase and dsDNA. Our findings suggest that IL-33 blockade ameliorates the severity of an asthma exacerbation by attenuating neutrophil recruitment and the downstream generation of NETs.
Optimization of the Illumina COVIDSeq™protocol for decentralized, cost-effective genomic surveillance
Authors: Carpenter Rob E. , Tamrakar Vaibhav K. , Almas Sadia , Rowan Chase , Sharma Rahul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA decentralized surveillance system to identify local outbreaks and monitor SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern is one of the primary strategies for the pandemic’s containment. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a gold standard for genomic surveillance and variant discovery, the technology is still cost-prohibitive for decentralized sequencing, particularly in small independent labs with limited resources. We have optimized the Illumina COVID-seq protocol to reduce cost without compromising accuracy. 90% of genomic coverage was achieved for 142/153 samples analyzed in this study. The lineage was correctly assigned to all samples (152/153) except for one. This modified protocol can help laboratories with constrained resources contribute to decentralized SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the post-vaccination era.
Western Washington culvert prioritization indexes: A cross jurisdictional comparative analysis of management strategies for salmon recovery
Authors: Burch Catalina A. , Jardine Sunny L. , Lewis-Smith Connor , Van Deynze Braeden 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCulverts throughout western Washington state, U.S.A., contribute to declines in anadromous fish populations by blocking fish passage. A federal injunction requires that Washington state must restore 90 percent of blocked habitat caused by state-owned culverts by 2030. This ruling prompted the development of numerous prioritization indexes (PI), the ranking of barriers through weighted combinations of barrier-specific metrics, by culvert owning entities (i.e., counties, cities, ect.) within the injunction area. We conduct a comparative analysis of PIs within the injunction case area, investigating their ability to distinguish between barriers, their transferability in terms of scoring metrics utilized, how scoring weights differ, and the preferences implied thereby. We document the use of six distinct PI methods by ten barrier owning entities, and find that some PIs used many shared metrics, while others used a high percentage of unique metrics that would be difficult to replicate outside the entity’s jurisdiction. While habitat quality, habitat quantity, and connectivity were considered across all PIs, we found a high level of variation in terms of the metric weights. Our methods can be employed in other geographies or for other restoration PI planning efforts, and our results may facilitate the development and refinement of future PIs.
Mapping human social brain specialisation beyond the neuron using multimodal imaging in human infants
Authors: Siddiqui Maheen , Pinti Paola , Brigadoi Sabrina , Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Elwell Clare E. , Johnson Mark H. , Tachtsidis Ilias , Jones Emily J.H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe specialised regional functionality of the mature human cortex partly emerges through experience-dependent specialisation during early development. Our existing understanding of this process is based on evidence from unitary imaging modalities and has thus focused on isolated changes in spatial or temporal precision of neural or haemodynamic activation alone, giving an incomplete picture of the process. We speculate that neural specialisation of function will be underpinned by better coordinated haemodynamic and metabolic changes in a broader orchestrated physiological response. Thus, we present a harmonised framework in which specialisation is indexed by the emergence of coupling between neuronal activity and vascular supply of oxygen and energy. Here, we combine simultaneous measures of coordinated neural activity (EEG), metabolic rate and oxygenated blood supply (broadband near-infrared spectroscopy) to measure emerging specialisation in the infant brain. In 4-to-7-month-old infants, we show that social processing is accompanied by spatially and temporally specific increases in coupled activation in the temporal-parietal junction, a core hub region of the adult social brain. During non-social processing coupled activation decreased in the same region, indicating specificity to social processing. Coupling was strongest with high frequency brain activity (beta and gamma), consistent with the greater energetic requirements and more localised action of high frequency brain activity. We conclude that functional specialisation of the brain is a coordinated activity across neural, haemodynamic, and metabolic changes, and our ability to measure these simultaneously opens new vistas in understanding how the brain is shaped by its environment.
Nucleosome sensitivity distinguishes colon polyps based on their transformation status
Authors: Khadem Mahdi , Kossick Kimberlee , Fedyshyn Yaroslav , Boardman Lisa , Dennis Jonathan H. , Druliner Brooke R. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTOne of the keys to eliminating the personal and financial costs of cancer lies in the early detection of the disease. Consequently, effective cancer interventions increasingly rely on our understanding of the earliest cellular and nuclear events that lead to oncogenic transformation. Colorectal cancer, the third most prevalent cancer in the United States, results from the transformation of polyps. Our group demonstrated that the alteration of chromatin organization is a pivotal event in this oncogenic transformation. Here, we analyze the differences of the nucleosomal sensitivity to mocroccocal nuclease (MNase) between histopathologically matched pre-cancerous polyps taken from patients that did not develop cancer (cancer-free polyps, CFP) and those that did develop cancer (cancer-associated polyps, CAP). We produced high-resolution nucleosome distribution and nucleosome sensitivity maps from each of the five CFP patient samples and three CAP patient samples. We show that nucleosome distribution is largely invariant between CFP and CAP samples. Nucleosome sensitivity, however, is a powerful analysis that can identify genomic locations that distinguish CFP from CAP. We have identified more than 1000 genomic locations with altered nucleosomal sensitivity that discriminate between CAP and CFP. Furthermore, we show that these genomic locations with altered nucleosomal sensitivity between CFP and CAP include genes that play critical roles in oncogenic transformation. We propose that nucleosome sensitivity serves as a robust biomarker indicating the oncogenic potential of precancerous polyps and could be used for the early detection of polyps that will become cancerous.
The microtubular preprophase band recruits Myosin XI to the division site for plant cytokinesis
Authors: Huang Calvin Haoyuan , Peng Felicia Lei , Lee Yuh-Ru Julie , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPlant growth is dependent on oriented cell divisions that employ the microtubular preprophase band (PPB) to position the cell plate. It has been intriguing how this transient cytoskeletal array imprints the spatial information to be read by the cytokinetic phragmoplast at later stages of mitotic cell division. InArabidopsis thaliana, we discovered that the PPB recruited the Myosin XI motor MYA1 to the cortical division site where it joined microtubule-associated proteins and motors to form a ring of prominent cytoskeletal assemblies which received the expanding phragmoplast. This regulatory function of MYA1 in phragmoplast guidance is dependent on intact actin filaments. The discovery of these assemblies revealed the mechanism underlying how two dynamic cytoskeletal networks govern PPB-dependent division plane orientation during vegetative growth in flowering plants.ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARYMyosin XI joins microtubule-associated proteins and motors to form cortical assemblies to demarcate the cell division site.