bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humans account for cognitive costs when finding shortcuts: An information-theoretic analysis of navigation
Authors: Lancia Gian Luca , Eluchans Mattia , D’Alessandro Marco , Spiers Hugo J. , Pezzulo Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen faced with navigating back somewhere we have been before we might either retrace our steps or seek a shorter path. Both choices have costs. Here, we ask whether it is possible to characterize formally the choice of navigational plans as abounded rationalprocess that trades off the quality of the plan (e.g., its length) and the cognitive cost required to find and implement it. We analyze the navigation strategies of two groups of people that are firstly trained to follow a “default policy” taking a route in a virtual maze and then asked to navigate to various known goal destinations, either in the way they want (“Go To Goal”) or by taking novel shortcuts (“Take Shortcut”). We address these wayfinding problems using InfoRL: an information-theoretic approach that formalizes the cognitive cost of devising a navigational plan, as the informational cost to deviate from a well-learned route (the “default policy”). In InfoRL, optimality refers to finding the best trade-off between route length and the amount of control information required to find it. We report five main findings. First, the navigational strategies automatically identified by InfoRL correspond closely to different routes (optimal or suboptimal) in the virtual reality map, which were annotated by hand in previous research. Second, people deliberate more in places where the value of investing cognitive resources (i.e., relevant goal information) is greater. Third, compared to the group of people who receive the “Go To Goal” instruction, those who receive the “Take Shortcut” instruction find shorter but less optimal solutions, reflecting the intrinsic difficulty of finding optimal shortcuts. Fourth, those who receive the “Go To Goal” instruction modulate flexibly their cognitive resources, depending on the benefits of finding the shortcut. Finally, we found a surprising amount of variability in the choice of navigational strategies and resource investment across participants. Taken together, these results illustrate the benefits of using InfoRL to address navigational planning problems from a bounded rational perspective.
Phased grapevine genome sequence of anRpv12carrier for biotechnological exploration of resistance toPlasmopara viticola
Authors: Frommer Bianca , Müllner Sophia , Holtgräwe Daniela , Viehöver Prisca , Hüttel Bruno , Töpfer Reinhard , Weisshaar Bernd , Zyprian Eva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe downy mildew disease caused by the oomycetePlasmopara viticolais a serious threat for grapevine and can cause enormous yield losses in viticulture. The quantitative trait locusRpv12,mediating resistance againstP. viticola, was originally found in AsianVitis amurensis. This locus and its genes were analyzed here in detail. A haplotype-separated genome sequence of the diploidRpv12-carrier Gf.99-03 was created and annotated. The defense response againstP. viticolawas investigated in an infection time-course RNA-Seq experiment, revealing approximately 600 up-regulatedVitisgenes during host-pathogen interaction. TheRpv12regions of the resistance conferring and the sensitivity encoding Gf.99-03 haplotypes were structurally and functionally compared to each other. Two different clusters of resistance-related genes were identified within theRpv12locus. One cluster carries a set of four differentially expressed genes with threeACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6-like genes. The other cluster carries a set of six resistance gene analogues related to qualitative pathogen resistance. TheRpv12locus and its candidate genes forP. viticolaresistance provide a precious genetic resource forP. viticolaresistance breeding. Newly developed co-segregating simple sequence repeat markers in close proximity to theR-genes enable its improved applicability in marker-assisted grapevine breeding.
Functional Ultrasound Imaging of the Human Spinal Cord
Authors: Agyeman K. A. , Lee D.J. , Russin J. , Kreydin E.I. , Choi W. , Abedi A. , Edgerton V.R. , Liu C. , Christopoulos V.N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe integration of functional responses in the human spinal cord into the nervous system is not well understood. Herein we demonstrate the first in-human functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) of spinal cord response to epidural electrical stimulation. fUSI is a minimally invasive neuroimaging technique that can record blood flow at a level of spatial and temporal precision not previously achieved in the human spinal cord. By leveraging fUSI and epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation in patients who underwent surgery, we recorded and characterized for the first-time hemodynamic responses of the human spinal cord to an electrical neuromodulatory intervention commonly used for treating pain, and increasingly used for sensory-motor and autonomic functions. We found that the hemodynamic response to epidural stimulation reflects a spatiotemporal modulation of the spinal cord circuitry not previously recognized. The impact of this analytical capability is significant for several reasons. It offers a mechanism to assess blood flow changes with a new level of precision which can be obtained in real time under in vivo conditions. Additionally, we demonstrate that fUSI can successfully decode the spinal cord state in a single trial, which is of fundamental importance for developing real-time closed-loop neuromodulation systems. Also, we show that spinal cord hemodynamic changes due to epidural electrical stimulation occur primarily at the level of small vessels. Overall, our work is a critical step towards developing a vital technique to study spinal cord function and understand the potential effects of clinical neuromodulation for spinal cord and other neurological disorders.One Sentence SummaryThe first in-human quantitative evaluation of spinal cord hemodynamics using functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI).
NF-κB-Inducing Kinase (NIK) Governs the Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity, Differentiation, and Inflammatory Status of Innate Immune Cells
Authors: Keeney Justin N. , Winters Ashley , Sitcheran Raquel , West A. Phillip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNF-κB-Inducing Kinase (NIK), which is essential for the activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, regulates diverse processes in immunity, development, and disease. While recent studies have elucidated important functions of NIK in adaptive immune cells and cancer cell metabolism, the role of NIK in metabolic-driven inflammatory responses in innate immune cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NIK-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibit defects in mitochondrial-dependent metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which impairs the acquisition of a pro-repair, anti-inflammatory phenotype. Subsequently, NIK-deficient mice exhibit skewing of myeloid cells characterized by aberrant eosinophil, monocyte, and macrophage cell populations in the blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, NIK-deficient blood monocytes display hyperresponsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and elevated TNFα production ex vivo. These findings suggest that NIK governs metabolic rewiring, which is critical for balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory myeloid immune cell function. Overall, our work highlights a previously unrecognized role for NIK as a molecular rheostat that fine-tunes immunometabolism in innate immunity and suggests that metabolic dysfunction may be an important driver of inflammatory diseases caused by aberrant NIK expression or activity.Key PointsNIK-deficient macrophages exhibit impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylationNIK-deficient mice have more inflammatory myeloid cells in blood and bone marrowNIK-dependent metabolic rewiring shapes pro- and anti-inflammatory innate immunity
Balancing is a necessity not leisure: a study on work–life balance witnessing healthcare sector of Pakistan
Authors: Aman-Ullah Attia , Ibrahim Hadziroh , Aziz Azelin , Mehmood Waqas 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the direct impact of work–life balance on employee retention and turnover intentions among doctors in Pakistan. Further, it also aimed to test the mediating role of job satisfaction on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis study's data were collected from 394 doctors working in public hospitals in Pakistan, using survey-based questionnaires and stratified random sampling technique. For data analysis, structural equation modelling was utilised to investigate the direct and indirect associations among the variables, while Statistical Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data management.FindingsWork–life balance was found to have a positive association with employee retention and a negative association with turnover intention. Results suggest that a fair work–life balance is a significant predictor of employee retention and turnover intention. Also, job satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between work–life balance and employee retention and between work–life balance and turnover intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study's focus was limited to doctors working in public hospitals. Thus, future research can extend the scope to other segments such as nurses, paramedics and pharmacists from both public and private organisations.Practical implicationsHuman resource (HR) executives can improve employee retention and turnover intentions through strategic implementation of work–life balance practices. Policymakers should stress upon hospitals to implement favourable working hours that are satisfactory to employees to reduce turnover intention.Social implicationsIn the healthcare industry, suitable work–life balance strategies will help improve employees' lifestyle, which will positively impact their family and social relationships.Originality/valueThis study is expected to contribute to the existing healthcare literature in the context of Pakistan by explaining the process by which work–life balance affects employee retention and turnover intention. Specifically, job satisfaction is the mechanism that explains these relationships.
The trinity of extended service quality, distinct perceived value, and customer loyalty facilitators
Authors: Lee Dae Hui 
Published: August 2022

PurposeIn line with rapidly developing digitalized marketing technologies, extended service quality has been actively investigated in the exhibition industry. The importance of distinct perceived value linked to service quality has also been emphasized for increasing customer satisfaction. Further, customer loyalty facilitators, such as trust, commitment, and inertia, have been actively discussed in building long-term relationships between firms and their customers. Because establishing an iterative customer loyalty journey is the key to a marketing strategy, the purpose of this study was to clarify how the trinity of extended service quality, distinct perceived value, and customer loyalty facilitators works in that journey.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the model fit, composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the constructs. PLS-SEM was also used to assess direct and indirect (i.e. mediating) effects.FindingsFirst, the conceptual framework necessary for establishing an iterative customer loyalty journey has been empirically identified. Second, service technology is a key construct of extended service quality as exhibitions transform into digitalized communication platforms. Third, both distinct perceived value and satisfaction act as significant mediators between extended service quality and customer loyalty facilitators.Originality/valueAn effective framework for the iterative customer loyalty journey is theoretically designed and empirically confirmed by drawing a complex but comprehensive map of the trinity (i.e. extended service quality, distinct perceived value, and customer loyalty facilitators).
Loan portfolio structure: the impact of foreign and Islamic banks
Authors: Tayem Ghada 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of bank ownership (foreign versus domestic) and the type of service (Islamic versus conventional) on bank lending to large enterprises and small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachBased on previous literature, the study proposes that foreign banks lend more to large enterprises and less to SMEs than domestic banks do. It also proposes that Islamic banks lend more to SMEs than conventional banks do. It utilizes unique hand-collected data of Jordanian banks from 2007 to 2018 to carry out its investigation. It applies regression estimation methods and propensity score matching to test its hypotheses.FindingsConsistent with prior empirical evidence, the findings show that foreign banks lend significantly less (more) to SMEs (large enterprises) than their domestic counterparts. However, the findings indicate that Islamic banks lend significantly less to SMEs than their conventional counterparts. Further analysis shows that Islamic banks operating in Jordan are ultimately owned by foreign investors hence their incentives to adopt full features of Islamic financial instruments are confounded by their incentives to utilize transaction lending technologies which in turn attenuates the expected positive impact of Islamic banking services on SMEs finance.Originality/valueThis research provides novel evidence on the impact of Islamic banks on SMEs finance as the results suggest that the success of Islamic finance in bridging the gap of SMEs finance is conditional on embracing its full features.
Innovating, exit or both? Strategic responses to crisis revisited from resource redeployment perspective: evidence from China
Authors: Jin Jun , Li Shijing , Chen Zan , Wang Liying 
Published: August 2022

PurposeAlthough scholars in strategic management have identified innovating and exit as firms’ two sequential strategic responses to long-run crisis, the potential interdependency has yet remained implicit. Specifically, in the context of Chinese Privately Owned Enterprises (POEs), this study investigates the interrelationship of these two strategic responses during long-run crisis. Building on resource redeployment perspective, the authors propose that firms tend to simultaneously leverage innovating and exit responses.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the data from the 2010 Chinese POEs survey to verify how firms in the long-term crisis made strategic responses after the 2008 financial crisis. Besides, the authors utilize Probit regressions as the basic analysis and further employ bivariate Probit regressions to conduct robustness tests.FindingsThis study provides empirical evidence confirming that firms in the long-run period of the crisis tend to adopt both exit and innovating strategies at the same time, that is, the strategy of resource redeployment. Moreover, this study further finds that government subsidies, the degree of marketization and firm’s organizational capability could all accentuate the decision-making of firms’ resource redeployment.Originality/valueThe authors thus contribute to the study of strategic responses to crisis in strategic management by dynamically find out the interdependency of two responses and enrich the research on resource redeployment perspective by identifying three influential positive antecedents, adding to the ongoing investigation on positive drivers of resource redeployment.
Contribution of wheat and maize to soil organic carbon in a wheat‐maize cropping system: A field and laboratory study
Authors: Kan Zheng‐Rong , Chen Zhe , Wei Yu‐Xin , Virk Ahmad Latif , Bohoussou Yves N’Dri , Lal Rattan , Zhao Xin , Zhang Hai‐Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Retention of crop biomass is widely recommended to improve soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the magnitude of contribution of above‐ground residues and below‐ground roots from C3 and C4 crops to SOC is unclear.

Data from a 10‐year field experiment and a 60‐day laboratory incubation were synthesized to identify the respective contribution of C3 (e.g., wheat) and C4 (e.g., maize) residues and roots to SOC, as well as its underlying mechanisms under no‐till (NT) using 13C labelling trace in wheat‐maize rotations.

The field experiment showed that residue retention significantly increased SOC accumulation, and SOC derived from wheat was 126.0% higher than that from maize. Conversion to NT promoted SOC derived from wheat and thus accumulated 17.6% higher SOC stock compared with plough tillage (PT) under residue returning at 0–20 cm soil depth (p < 0.05). The data from laboratory incubation revealed the mechanisms that lower priming effects at 0–10 cm depth decreased total mineralization by 91.8% after inputs of wheat residues and roots compared with that of maize residues and roots, especially under NT compared with PT. Priming effects were negatively correlated with enzyme activities associated with the C recycle, SOC, and total nitrogen (TN) contents (p < 0.01). NT increased enzyme activities, SOC, and TN contents and thus reduced priming effects and improved residual carbon.

Synthesis and applications. These results suggested that wheat may contribute more to SOC accumulation than maize, and carbon increment efficiency in farmland could be enhanced by considering the crucial roles of C3 crops in SOC accumulation. NT practice sustains the benefits of C3 crops to SOC sequestration in the upper soil depths.
Evidence for synergistic cumulative impacts of marking and hunting in a wildlife species
Authors: LeTourneux Frédéric , Gauthier Gilles , Pradel Roger , Lefebvre Josée , Legagneux Pierre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Nonadditive effects from multiple interacting stressors can have unpredictable outcomes on wildlife. Stressors that initially have negligible impacts may become significant if they act in synergy with novel stressors. Wildlife markers can be a source of physiological stress for animals and are ubiquitous in ecological studies. Their potential impacts on vital rates may vary over time, particularly when changing environments impose new stressors.

In this study, we evaluated the temporal changes in the combined impact of two stressors, one constant (collar marking) and another one variable over time (hunting intensity), in greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlantica). Over a 30‐year period (1990–2019), hunting regulations were liberalized twice, in 1999 and 2009, with the instauration of special spring and winter hunting seasons respectively. We evaluated the effect of collars on goose survival through this period of changing hunting regulations. We compared annual survival of >20,000 adult females marked with and without neck collars using multi‐event capture–recapture models, and partitioned hunting from nonhunting mortality.

Survival of geese marked with or without collars was similar in 1990–1998, before hunting regulations were liberalized (average survival [95% CI]: 0.87 [0.86, 0.89]). However, absolute survival of collared geese was 0.05 [0.03, 0.07] lower than that of noncollared geese between 1999 and 2009, and 0.12 [0.09, 0.15] lower after hunting regulations were liberalized further in 2009. Hunting and nonhunting mortality probabilities were both higher in collared birds compared to those without collars.

The interaction between the effects of collars and hunting was synergistic because collars affected survival only after the hunting pressure increased significantly. These cumulated stresses probably reduced goose body condition sufficiently to increase their vulnerability to multiple sources of mortality.
Disease surveillance infrastructure and the economisation of public health
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier , Garrett Cal Lee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe city government of Chicago adopted a ‘racial equity’ approach to tackle racial disparities in COVID‐19 outcomes. Drawing on experience addressing core vulnerabilities associated with HIV risk, Chicago public health experts who designed COVID‐19 mitigation initiatives recognised that the same social determinants of health drive racial disparities for both HIV and COVID‐19. Yet, when building an infrastructure to respond to COVID‐19, disease surveillance and data collection became the priority for investment ahead of other forms of public health work or the provision of social services. The building of a disease surveillance infrastructure that responded to and supplied data took precedence over addressing social determinants of poor health. Community‐based organisations that might have otherwise organised for social service provision were incorporated into this infrastructure. Further, public health officials often failed to heed the lessons learned from their experience with HIV vulnerability. Based on qualitative analysis of 56 interviews with public health experts and policymakers in Chicago, we argue that the prioritisation of disease surveillance, coupled with a scarcity model of public health provision, undermined the city’s attempt to redress racial inequities in outcomes. We argue that the economisation of pandemic response exacerbates health disparities, even when racial equity frameworks are adopted.
Prevalence and outcome of abdominal wall hernia in patients with end‐stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Girimaji Niveditha , Sunnesh Anapalli , Nagalakshmi Tandalam , Bethasaida Manuel Maria , Reddy Vutukuru Venkatarami , Rapur Ram , Vishnubhotla Sivakumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to study the prevalence, risk factors, management, and outcome of hernias in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) from India.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of ESRD‐PD patients who developed hernias over 11 years.ResultsOf 470 PD patients, 21 developed hernias (4.2%). Mean age of patients was 49.9 ± 15.36 years; 15 (66.66%) were males; 18 (85.71%) patients had umbilical hernia, 3 (14.28%) had inguinal hernia. Continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) versus automated PD (APD) (OR: 11.623, 95% CI: 2.060–65.581, p = 0.005) was the independent risk factor identified. Incarcerated umbilical/inguinal hernia was managed surgically (6 [28.57%]); uncomplicated umbilical hernia (15 [71.42%]) managed conservatively (shift to (APD) [33.33%]; switch to low‐volume APD [20%], switch to low‐volume CAPD [46.66%]). None had postoperative hernia recurrences; 4 (19%) had PD technique failure; median PD survival was 36 (IQR 17–55) months.ConclusionAlthough complicated hernias in PD require surgical repair, uncomplicated umbilical hernias can be managed conservatively by switching to APD/low‐volume CAPD, with good long‐term PD technique survival.
The duality of HR analysts' storytelling: Showcasing and curbing
Authors: Fu Na , Keegan Anne , McCartney Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven the increased popularity of HR analytics, a particular focus has been placed on its enactors ‐ HR analysts. Their capabilities are believed to entail analytical and storytelling skills. While we acknowledge the importance of analytical skills, this study utilises an exploratory and qualitative approach to extend our understanding on the storytelling of HR analysts, which remains less understood in the HR analytics research. Data from HR analysts shows they engage in storytelling as showcasing, incorporating a narrow approach to translating and selling. The latter is a broader form of institutional work to gain legitimacy for HR analytics on a general level. New insights are also offered on how HR analysts engage in storytelling as curbing, a form of institutional work linked with decoupling HR analytics policy from daily practices and projects. HR analysts engage with these two seemingly contradictory aspects of storytelling to develop sustainable and legitimate HR analytics.