bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?
Authors: Muscogiuri Giovanna , Verde Ludovica , Sulu Cem , Katsiki Niki , Hassapidou Maria , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Cucalón Gabriela , Pazderska Agnieszka , Yumuk Volkan Demirhan , Colao Annamaria , Barrea Luigi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity is a chronic disease, a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Indeed, people with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of obesity-related disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers. Many popular diets with very different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been used, proposed, and studied for prevention and management of obesity. In particular, MD has been the subject of countless studies over the years and now boasts a large body of scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to update current knowledge by summarizing the most recent evidence on the effect of MD on obesity and obesity-related disorders.Recent FindingsThe negative effects of obesity are partly reversed by substantial weight loss that can be achieved with MD, especially when low-calorie and in combination with adequate physical activity. In addition, the composition of MD has been correlated with an excellent effect on reducing dyslipidemia. It also positively modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, significantly decreasing inflammatory mediators, a common ground for many obesity-related disorders.SummaryPeople with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of medical disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an inevitable need for measures to manage obesity and its related disorders. At this point, MD has been proposed as a valuable nutritional intervention. It is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereals, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil, as well as a moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and a limited intake of sweets, red meat, and dairy products. MD proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle obesity and prevent several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Die Validierungspraxis bei hands-on Experimentiertests in der naturwissenschaftsdidaktischen Forschung
Authors: Schreiber Nico , Gut Christoph 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit Jahrzehnten werden in der naturwissenschaftsdidaktischen Forschung zur Diagnostik experimenteller Fähigkeiten sogenannte Performance Assessments bzw. hands-on Experimentiertests mit praktisch zu bearbeitenden Aufgaben eingesetzt. Dabei erhält die Frage der Validität von Experimentiertests immer mehr Gewicht. Mit einem systematischen Review soll daher die Validierungspraxis von hands-on Experimentiertests analysiert werden. Dazu wird in einem ersten theoretischen Teil literaturbasiert ein Ordnungssystem für Validierungsargumentationen im Rahmen von Validierungsstudien entwickelt. In einem zweiten Teil werden die seit 1990 publizierten hands-on Experimentiertests identifiziert, von zwei unabhängigen Ratern auf Konsens kodiert, in das Ordnungssystem eingeordnet und schließlich diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen retrospektiv eine typische, auf wenige Elemente eingeschränkte Validierungspraxis. Prospektiv liefert das Review evidenzbasierte Argumente und Impulse für künftige Testentwicklungen und -validierungen.
Automated bridge crack detection method based on lightweight vision models
Authors: Zhang Jian , Qian Songrong , Tan Can 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeep learning-based bridge crack detection methods have advantages over traditional methods. We proposed an automated bridge crack detection method using lightweight vision models. First, our study applied the You Only Look Once 4th version (YOLO v4) (Bochkovskiy et al. in Yolov4: Optimal speed and accuracy of object detection. arXiv:200410934, 2020) to bridge surface crack detection. Then, to achieve model acceleration, some lightweight networks were used to replace the feature extraction network in YOLO v4, which reduced the parameter numbers and the backbone layers. The lightweight design can reduce the computational overhead of the model, making it convenient to deploy on edge platforms with limited computational power. The experimental results showed that the lightweight network-based bridge crack detection model required significantly less storage space at the expense of a slight reduction in precision. Therefore, an improved YOLO v4 crack detection method was proposed to meet real-time running without sacrificing accuracy. The precision, recall, and F1 score of the proposed crack detection method are 93.96%, 90.12%, and 92%, respectively. And the model only required 23.4 MB of storage space, and its frames per second could reach 140.2 frames. Compared with existing bridge crack detection methods, the proposed method showed precision, speed, and model size advantages.
Will free trade agreement between India and China reduce India’s trade deficit?
Authors: Kalirajan Kaliappa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTrade between India and China has been rising exponentially with a widening trade deficit for India, which has raised alarm by businesses, and some Indian parliamentarians have started accusing China of unfair trade practices. Nevertheless, both countries intend to negotiate for free trade arrangements between them based on complementarity. This study examines how much reduction in trade deficit due to different preferential trading arrangements is feasible under hypothetical full export potential scenarios using a stochastic frontier gravity model. The empirical analysis shows that India’s potential gain is high when the influence of India’s existing ‘behind the border’ constraints is eliminated.
Turning students into Industry 4.0 entrepreneurs: design and evaluation of a tailored study program
Authors: Wahl Dario , Münch Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStartups in the field of Industry 4.0 could be a huge driver of innovation for many industry sectors such as manufacturing. However, there is a lack of education programs to ensure a sufficient number of well-trained founders and thus a supply of such startups. Therefore, this study presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a university course tailored to the characteristics of Industry 4.0 entrepreneurship. Educational design-based research was applied with a focus on content and teaching concept. The study program was first implemented in 2021 at a German university of applied sciences with 25 students, of which 22 participated in the evaluation. The evaluation of the study program was conducted with a pretest–posttest-design targeting three areas: (1) knowledge about the application domain, (2) entrepreneurial intention and (3) psychological characteristics. The entrepreneurial intention was measured based on the theory of planned behavior. For measuring psychological characteristics, personality traits associated with entrepreneurship were used. Considering the study context and the limited external validity of the study, the following can be identified in particular: The results show that a university course can improve participants' knowledge of this particular area. In addition, perceived behavioral control of starting an Industry 4.0 startup was enhanced. However, the results showed no significant effects on psychological characteristics.
Personalisierte Ernährung als Zukunftsmodell
Authors: Semmler Georg , Datz Christian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie „precision nutrition“ oder „Präzisionsernährung“ stellt ein junges Forschungsgebiet im Bereich der Ernährungsmedizin dar, die darauf abzielt, die Komplexität der Ernährung im Kontext der Genetik, des Mikrobioms, des zirkadianen Rhythmus und der Lebensstilfaktoren zu beschreiben. Indem versucht wird, individuelle Unterschiede besser zu verstehen, sollen darauf aufbauend personalisierte Ernährungsempfehlungen möglich werden. Wir stellen exemplarisch rezente „Landmark“-Studien vor, die etablierte Dogmen der Ernährungsmedizin hinterfragen, Erklärungsversuche für interindividuelle Unterschiede liefern, und dadurch das Potenzial und die Notwendigkeit eines personalisierten Ansatzes unterstreichen.
Mathematical model and experimental study of a magnet coupling with a stop
Authors: Suvorov Vladimir A. , Bahrami Mohammad Reza , Sorokin Pavel A. , Batyrov Pavel V. , Efimov Egor S. , Shamuratov Oleg G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper presents an improved analytical model for axial-flux eddy-current couplings with permanent magnets. The design procedure is based on the torque formula derived from a two-dimensional approximation of the magnetic field distribution. The developed model takes into account the heating of the copper disk and magnets due to the high slip speed. Another advantage of the developed model is the reduction in computation time compared to 3-D finite element simulations. The model is validated experimentally. A correlation between the model and the experiment is obtained. The coupling torque is subject to reduction due to low manufacturing accuracy. The model is effective for engineering use at the design stage of magnet couplings, especially for cable drums of cranes.
Upcycling of face masks to application-rich multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gangoli Varun Shenoy , Mahy Thomas , Yick Tim , Niu Yubiao , Palmer Richard E. , Orbaek White Alvin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report the use of face mask materials as a carbon precursor for the synthesis of multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an open-loop chemical recycling process. Novel surgical mask precursors were suspended in toluene and injected into a chemical vapor deposition reactor previously optimized for CNT production using liquid injection. The CNTs were collected and characterized using resonant Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before being turned into fibrils that were tested for electrical conductance. Once confirmed and repeated for statistical accuracy, a CNT-based Ethernet cable was manufactured and tested using iPerf3 for uplink and downlink speeds exceeding broadband standards worldwide. Radial breathing modes from Raman spectroscopy indicate single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.55 nm and this matches well with TEM observations of SWCNTs with 1.5 nm diameter. This work pushes the horizon of feedstocks useful for CNT and SWCNT production in particular; this work demonstrates upcycling of materials fated for disposal into materials with positive net value and plenty of real-world applications.
Newfound Coding Potential of Transcripts Unveils Missing Members of Human Protein Communities
Authors: Leblanc Sébastien , Brunet Marie A. , Jacques Jean-François , Lekehal Amina M. , Duclos Andréa , Tremblay Alexia , Bruggeman-Gascon Alexis , Samandi Sondos , Brunelle Mylène , Cohen Alan A. , Scott Michelle S. , Roucou Xavier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent proteogenomic approaches have led to the discovery that regions of the transcriptome previously annotated as non-coding regions [i.e., untranslated regions (UTRs), open reading frames overlapping annotated coding sequences in a different reading frame, and non-coding RNAs] frequently encode proteins, termed alternative proteins (altProts). This suggests that previously identified protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks are partially incomplete because altProts are not present in conventional protein databases. Here, we used the proteogenomic resource OpenProt and a combined spectrum- and peptide-centric analysis for the re-analysis of a high-throughput human network proteomics dataset, thereby revealing the presence of 261 altProts in the network. We found 19 genes encoding both an annotated (reference) and an alternative protein interacting with each other. Of the 117 altProts encoded by pseudogenes, 38 are direct interactors of reference proteins encoded by their respective parental genes. Finally, we experimentally validate several interactions involving altProts. These data improve the blueprints of the human PPI network and suggest functional roles for hundreds of altProts.
The association between the observed and perceived neighbourhood food environment and household food insecurity in a low-income district in Lima, Peru
Authors: Chaparro M. Pia , Lopez Miguel A. , Hernandez Julie , Brewer Jessica D. , Santos Maria P. , Paz-Soldan Valerie A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to assess the association between the observed and perceived food environment and food insecurity among households with children <18 years in Lima, Peru. This was a cross-sectional study including an income-stratified random sample of households (n329) in Villa el Salvador, a low-income district in Lima, Peru. Data were collected with a household questionnaire – including the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the University of Pennsylvania's Perceived Nutrition Environment Survey (NEMS-P) – and a neighbourhood food outlet census, including recording of food outlets’ GPS coordinates. Three-quarters of the households interviewed were food insecure. Compared with food secure households and adjusting for socio-demographic covariates, food insecure households were more likely to disagree to having easy access (OR 5⋅4; 95 % CI 2⋅1, 13⋅4), high quality (OR 3⋅1; 95 % CI 1⋅7, 5⋅5) and variety (OR 2⋅5; 95 % CI 1⋅4, 4⋅6) of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighbourhood. About 60 % (513 out of 861) of the food outlets identified in participants’ neighbourhoods were classified as fresh, including markets, bodegas, and fruit and vegetable vendors. There was no difference in distance to fresh food outlets by household food insecurity; all households were on average within 52–62 m from a fresh food outlet (~2-min walk). Despite negative perceptions of their neighbourhood food environment, food insecure households had similar physical access to fresh food sources than their food secure counterparts. Thus, changes to the food environment may not alleviate food insecurity in urban poor areas of Peru.
Multivariate Poisson and Poisson process approximations with applications to Bernoulli sums and -statistics
Authors: Pianoforte Federico , Turin Riccardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article derives quantitative limit theorems for multivariate Poisson and Poisson process approximations. Employing the solution of the Stein equation for Poisson random variables, we obtain an explicit bound for the multivariate Poisson approximation of random vectors in the Wasserstein distance. The bound is then utilized in the context of point processes to provide a Poisson process approximation result in terms of a new metric called$d_\pi$, stronger than the total variation distance, defined as the supremum over all Wasserstein distances between random vectors obtained by evaluating the point processes on arbitrary collections of disjoint sets. As applications, the multivariate Poisson approximation of the sum ofm-dependent Bernoulli random vectors, the Poisson process approximation of point processes ofU-statistic structure, and the Poisson process approximation of point processes with Papangelou intensity are considered. Our bounds in$d_\pi$are as good as those already available in the literature.
Credible risk: private credit bureaus and the work of loan officers in West Africa
Authors: Opalo Vanessa Watters 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 2015, the Central Bank of West African States selected a private credit bureau to build a digital platform to collect and analyse financial data across the eight-country West African Economic and Monetary Union, including the activities of credit cooperatives and microfinance agencies that serve many West African borrowers. The credit-reporting platform promises to produce new and valuable knowledge about borrowers’ creditworthiness and risk. But valuable in what ways and for whom? Private credit bureaus rely on vast arrays of personal and financial data in order to produce credit reports and consumer credit scores that claim to represent the creditworthiness of individual borrowers. Cooperative loan officers, instead, understand creditworthiness to be highly variable and rely on relational metrics in order to determine risk as well as carefully overseeing existing loans to ensure their timely repayment. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with loan officers at a small-scale credit cooperative in Lomé, Togo, this article examines how the impending arrival of a private credit bureau and new credit-reporting technologies highlights the distinction between the ways in which credit bureaus and loan officers understand the nature of financial risk, as well as the centrality of loan officers and their management of borrower debt in sustaining the field of small-scale lending in Togo.
Effects of pH, stirring rate, reaction time and sequential ultrafiltration of whey protein solution on recovery and purification of glycomacropeptides
Authors: Majidinia Lida , Kalbasi-Ashtari Ahmad , Mirsaeedghazi Hossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to show the changes in glycolmacropeptides (GMPs) of whey protein solution (WPS) due to different pretreatments before and after ultrafiltration (UF). The combined form of two variants (A&B) of GMPs is a helpful compound for nutritional management of phenylketonuria and ulcerative-colitis diseases and has low content of phenylalanine (Phe). WPS with 10% concentration was prepared, acidified (adjusted to pH = 3.0), and passed through a PES (polyethersulfone) membrane in the 1st-stage of ultrafiltration (UF-1). Then the resulting permeate was neutralized and went through the 2nd-stage of ultrafiltration (UF-2) under similar conditions. Four experiments of TRT-CON, CON-TRT, TRT-TRT, and CON-CON were used with different pretreatments, where TRT was a mixing-treatment of 30 min at 150 RPM applied either after acidification of WPS or after neutralization of first permeate and before UF-2 process. While the concentration and purity of the combined GMPs in UF-2 retentate in TRT-TRT respectively were >95.6 and 99.5%, its Phe became <10 ppm among the experiments. Highly glycolyzed polymers of GMPs (MW = 45–50 kDa) were formed in the TRT-TRT experiment and went through the pore sizes of PES membrane of UF-1 easily because of their flexible structure. However, they remained in the UF-2 retentate, due to to the formation of bulky polymers. The TRT-TRT experiment had the highest reversible and irreversible resistances for passing through the UF-1 and remaining on the UF-2 membranes, and its fouling index was significantly less than other experiments.
Telling ruins: the afterlives of an early post-independence development intervention in Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors: Gez Yonatan N. , Fouéré Marie-Aude , Bulugu Fabian 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn the early 1960s, three pilot agricultural and settlement schemes were set up along the shores of Lake Victoria in the north-western region of Tanzania with the involvement of Israeli development agency Agridev. One of these sites was Mbarika, where the experimental project ran for three years and had mixed results before being discontinued by the young Tanzanian government. This article explores the story of that scheme and its long-term legacies some 50 years on. Unpacking the representational and material ruinations that outlived the project's official timeline, we examine the memories and rumours that continue to haunt the site to this day and their entanglement with successive development experiences and shifting political ideologies. Through interviews, ethnographic observations and archival research, we shed light on the complex, deeply ambiguous legacies and ‘afterlives’ of a development intervention set between expectations of modernity and a sense of exclusion.
Changes in resident microbiota associated with mice susceptibility or resistance to the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni
Authors: Álvarez-Izquierdo Maria , Fiallos Emma , Cociancic Paola , Esteban J. Guillermo , Muñoz-Antoli Carla , Toledo Rafael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEchinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode with no tissue phases in the definitive host that has been extensively used as an experimental model to study the factors that determine resistance against intestinal helminths. In E. caproni infections in mice, interleukin-25 (IL-25) plays a critical role and it is required for the resistance to infection. However, little is known on the factors that determine its production. Primary E. caproni infection in mice is characterized by the development of chronic infections and elevated worm recovery, in relation to a local Th1 response with elevated production of interferon-γ. However, partial resistance against secondary E. caproni infections in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice is developed after the chemotherapeutic cure of a primary infection and the innately produced IL-25 after pharmacological treatment. In this paper, we analyse the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the production of IL-25, and the subsequent resistance to infection. For this purpose, we analysed the production of IL-25 under conditions of experimental dysbiosis and also the changes in the resident microbiota in primary infections, pharmacological curation and secondary infections. The results obtained showed that resident microbiota play a major role in the production of IL-25 and the appearance of members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia as a consequence of the curation of the primary infection could be related to the partial resistance to secondary infection.
Selenium dietary intake and survival among CRC patients
Authors: Augustyniak Malgorzata , Galas Aleksander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Background: Despite advances in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death. To date, little is known about the role of prediagnostic selenium intake in colorectal cancer survival. Objective: The purpose of the study was to verify whether selenium intake in habitual diet before diagnosis is associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients. Study design: This was a prospective observation of patients primarily recruited for a case-control study between 2000 and 2012 in Cracow, Poland. A group of 671 incident cases of colorectal cancer was included. Habitual diet was assessed using a validated 148-item food questionnaire. 338 deaths were identified throughout 2017 by the Polish National Vital Registry. To evaluate the impact of dietary selenium on survival, the multivariable Cox regression model was used. Results: After standardization for several potential confounders (including key determinants, such as radical surgery, chemotherapy, tumor stage, and dietary factors), a decrease in the risk of death from colorectal cancer was observed in the group with higher dietary selenium intake (≥48.8 μg/day, group mean: 63.9 μg/day) compared to the group with lower dietary selenium intake (<48.8 μg/day, mean: 38.5 μg/day) (HR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) (the median was used for categorization). Conclusion: Our study suggests selenium as an additional dietary factor which may be associated with survival among colorectal cancer patients referred to surgery. Due to the observational nature of the study, the results should be taken with caution. These preliminary findings, however, provide the basis for well-structured clinical trials.