bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H2FPEF Score and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ozbeyaz Nail Burak , Gokalp Gokhan , Algul Engin , Sahan Haluk Furkan , Aydinyilmaz Faruk , Guliyev Ilkin , Kalkan Kamuran 
Published: May 2022

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common complications associated with coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study evaluated the relationship between the H2FPEF (obesity (H), hypertension(H), atrial fibrillation (F), pulmonary hypertension (P), an age >60 years (E), and E/e’ > 9 (F)) score which is used to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and CIN. Patients (n = 1346) who underwent PCI for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between December 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively included. Contrast-induced nephropathy patients had significantly higher H2FPEF scores (4.10 ± 1.92 vs 2.28 ± 1.56, P < .001). In addition, the H2FPEF score was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of CIN (Odd Ratio 1.633 95% CI (1.473-1.811), P < .001) together with age, diabetes mellitus, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, and left anterior descending as an infarct-related artery. According to point biserial correlation analysis, CIN and H2FPEF score have a strong correlation (rpb = .376, P < .001). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed the optimal cutoff value of the H2FPEF score to predict the development of CIN was 2.5, with 79.8% sensitivity and 64.1% specificity. In conclusion, the H2FPEF score may predict the development of CIN in patients presenting with ACS and undergoing PCI.
Impact on emergency and elective hospital-based care in Scotland over the first 12 months of the pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis of national lockdowns
Authors: Shah Syed Ahmar , Mulholland Rachel H , Wilkinson Samantha , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Pan Jiafeng , Shi Ting , Kerr Steven , Agrawal Uktarsh , Rudan Igor , Simpson Colin R , Stock Sarah J , Macleod John , Murray Josephine-LK , McCowan Colin , Ritchie Lewis , Woolhouse Mark , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: May 2022

Objectives COVID-19 has resulted in the greatest disruption to National Health Service (NHS) care in its over 70-year history. Building on our previous work, we assessed the ongoing impact of pandemic-related disruption on provision of emergency and elective hospital-based care across Scotland over the first year of the pandemic. Design We undertook interrupted time-series analyses to evaluate the impact of ongoing pandemic-related disruption on hospital NHS care provision at national level and across demographics and clinical specialties spanning the period 29 March 2020–28 March 2021. Setting Scotland, UK. Participants Patients receiving hospital care from NHS Scotland. Main outcome measures We used the percentage change of accident and emergency attendances, and emergency and planned hospital admissions during the pandemic compared to the average admission rate for equivalent weeks in 2018–2019. Results As restrictions were gradually lifted in Scotland after the first lockdown, hospital-based admissions increased approaching pre-pandemic levels. Subsequent tightening of restrictions in September 2020 were associated with a change in slope of relative weekly admissions rate: –1.98% (–2.38, –1.58) in accident and emergency attendance, –1.36% (–1.68, –1.04) in emergency admissions and –2.31% (–2.95, –1.66) in planned admissions. A similar pattern was seen across sex, socioeconomic status and most age groups, except children (0–14 years) where accident and emergency attendance, and emergency admissions were persistently low over the study period. Conclusions We found substantial disruption to urgent and planned inpatient healthcare provision in hospitals across NHS Scotland. There is the need for urgent policy responses to address continuing unmet health needs and to ensure resilience in the context of future pandemics.
Decreasing Incidence of Chemosensory Changes by COVID‐19 Variant
Authors: Coelho Daniel H. , Reiter Evan R. , French Evan , Costanzo Richard M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnecdotal clinical observation suggests that rates of chemosensory dysfunction associated with COVID‐19 infection may be decreasing. To investigate, the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database was queried for all patients with and without smell and taste loss within 2 weeks of COVID‐19 diagnosis. Six‐week periods of peak variant prevalence were selected by using CoVariants.org for analysis. Of 3,678,214 patients with COVID‐19 in the database, 616,318 met inclusion criteria during the time intervals of interest, with 3431 having an associated smell or taste disturbance diagnosis. With the initial/untyped variant set as the baseline, the odds ratios for alpha, delta, and omicron (December 27, 2021–February 7, 2022) were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.45‐0.55; P < .0001), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.41‐0.48; P < .0001), and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.15‐0.18; P < .0001), respectively. These data strongly support the clinical observation that patients infected with more recent variants are at a significantly lower risk of developing associated chemosensory loss.
CT after emergency surgery in penetrating trauma: a seven-year experience in a level I Nordic trauma center
Authors: Halldorsson Kolbeinn , Nummela Mari , Thorisdottir Sigurveig , Oladottir Gudrun , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: May 2022

Background Patients with severe penetrating trauma may require emergency surgery on arrival, and postoperative computed tomography (CT) can reveal significant additional injuries. Purpose To determine the utility of postoperative CT performed within 48 h of emergency surgery after penetrating trauma. Material and Methods Trauma registry data were retrieved over a seven-year period at a single level 1 trauma center. All patients aged ≥17 years, admitted with penetrating injury, who underwent urgent surgery and postoperative CT imaging within 48 h, were included. Pre- and intraoperative medical records were compared to CT findings. Age, sex, Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), 30-day mortality, injury mechanism, surgical intervention, and intensive care unit length of stay were extracted. Results Out of 1262 patients, 38 fulfilled the study criteria (36 men [94.7%], 2 women [5.3%]; mean age = 31.5 years. Stab wound (SW) was the most common injury mechanism (26/38, 68.4%) followed by gunshot wound (GSW; 10/38, 26.3%). Patients with GSWs were more severely injured than SW victims (median NISS = 34 [range = 3–75]; for GSWs = 34; for SWs = 26; P = 0.045). Out of 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had additional findings at postoperative CT. Six patients (15.8%) had unidentified or underestimated findings at CT that were severe enough to warrant additional surgery or angiography. Conclusion Postoperative CT imaging after emergency surgery in penetrating trauma is an important tool in evaluating the injury panorama. Out of 38 patients, 6 (15.8%) had findings at postoperative CT that warranted additional surgical or angiographic intervention.
Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: association between quantitative parameters derived from dual-energy CT and histopathological prognostic factors
Authors: Geng Di , Chen Xi , Zhao Xing-Guo , Xu Xiao-Quan , Su Guo-Yi , Zhou Yan , Chen Hai-Bing , Wu Fei-Yun 
Published: May 2022

Background Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can provide objective evaluation of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC). Purpose To investigate the relationship between quantitative parameters acquired from DECT and histopathological prognostic factors in LHSCC. Material and Methods A total of 65 patients with LHSCC who underwent arterial phase and venous phase DECT scans were retrospectively enrolled. Iodine concentration (IC) and normalized IC (NIC) of the tumor were calculated in both the arterial (ICA and NICA) and venous (ICV and NICV) phases, and compared among different pathological grades, T stages, and lymph node stages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate their diagnostic performance. Results There were significantly differences on ICA and NICA among three pathological grades (ICA, P = 0.001; NICA, P = 0.002). For differentiating moderately and poorly differentiated from well-differentiated LHSCC using ICA and NICA, the areas under curve (AUCs) were 0.753 and 0.726, respectively. High T stage (T3/4) LHSCC showed significantly higher ICA ( P = 0.012) and NICA ( P = 0.005) than low T stage (T1/2) LHSCC. The AUCs of the ICA and NICA were 0.674 and 0.703, respectively, in discriminating high from low T stage LHSCC. Lymph node metastasis (LNM)-positive (N1/2/3) LHSCC showed significantly higher ICA ( P = 0.008) and NICA ( P = 0.003) than LNM-negative (N0) LHSCC. For discriminating the LNM-positive from the LNM-negative group using ICA and NICA, the AUCs were 0.697 and 0.744, respectively. Conclusion ICA and NICA might be helpful in assessing histopathological prognostic factors in patients with LHSCC.
Impact on the Nutritional and Functional Status of Older Mexican Adults in the Absence of Recreational Activities due to COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study From 2018 to 2021
Authors: Bricio-Barrios Jaime Alberto , Ríos-Silva Mónica , Huerta Miguel , Cárdenas-María Rosa Yolitzy , García-Ibáñez Alondra Elizabeth , Díaz-Mendoza María Guadalupe , Jiménez-Leal Héctor Mariano , Chávez-Torres Liz Argelia , Islas-Piza Liliana , García-García Shelem , Toro-Equihua Mario del , García-Rodríguez Ricardo , Carrazco-Peña Karla Berenice , López-Alcaraz Fátima , Trujillo Xóchitl 
Published: May 2022

A longitudinal study, from 2018 to 2021, identified impacts on the nutritional and functional status of older adults when face-to-face activities at a social assistance center in Mexico were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 71 older adults were evaluated at three different periods: 18 months prior, three months before the pandemic, and 12 months after the onset of the pandemic. Seventy-one older adults completed follow up. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical tests, and health screening for malnutrition, dependence, and physical frailty, were evaluated. There was a significant decrease in lean body mass and body water in the older adults assessed, in addition to a significant reduction in the frailty scale and gait speed. Finally, a significant reduction in ingested energy and several nutrients such as protein, and carbohydrates, was found, yet an increase in sugar and cholesterol intake was noted.
A hyper-cross-linked polymer derived from pitch as an efficient adsorbent for VOCs
Authors: Liu Huan , Liu Zi-Xin , Yu Hao-Ran , Wang Yan , Zhao Feng-yun , Wang Jian-ying 
Published: May 2022

Hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) have been attracted widespread attention as adsorbents in recent years. A series of HCPs (HCP-1, HCP-2 and HCP-3) were synthesized via a Friedel-Crafts reaction using low-cross-linked pitch as precursor and dichloromethane (DCM) as cross-linking reagent and solvent. The prepared HCPs were characterized by N2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared (FI-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and static water contact angle. The resultant HCPs possess micro/meso pore structures and a high stability. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of HCP-1, HCP-2 and HCP-3 are 152 m2·g−1, 467 m2·g−1 and 447 m2·g−1, respectively. Their total pore volumes vary from 0.207 cm·g−1 to 0.545 cm3·g−1 and following the sequence of HCP-1<HCP-3<HCP-2. The FTIR spectra of HCPs suggests the DCM is successfully grafted onto the skeleton structure. Dynamic adsorption capacities of the prepared HCP-1, HCP-2 and HCP-3 were examined and the results show the adsorption properties of o-xylene on HCP-2 are significantly higher than that of the other HCPs. The adsorption amount of o-xylene on HCP-2 is 198.18 mg·g−1, which is higher than that of benzene, suggesting a strong adsorption selectivity for o-xylene over benzene. In addition, the effect of water vapor on the adsorption of o-xylene onto HCP-2 was investigated. The dynamic adsorption amount of o-xylene on HCP-2 decreases by 76.47% under the relative humidity (RH) of 30%, implying that the HCP-2 has poor hydrophobicity. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of o-xylene on HCP-2 shows a slight decline after five adsorption cycles. [Formula: see text]
MFGE8 decreased neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation to ameliorate early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage through the inhibition of HMGB1
Authors: Qiu Jiaoxue , Li Wenna , Mu Rutao , Wang Lingling , Guo Lei , Ma Lili 
Published: May 2022

Aim Both MFGE8 and HMGB1 were vital players for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, whether HMGB1 was served as the downstream target of MFGE8 was unknown. To test this new mechanism, we performed the SAH model in rats. Method All treatments were injected intraventricularly into the right lateral ventricles. SAH grade, brain water content, and neurological function scores were evaluated. HMGB1 expression was studied by double immunofluorescence staining. HE and Nissl’s staining were performed to observe the pathological change. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA method. Results High expression of MFGE8 could improve neurological function and reduce the brain edema and pro-inflammatory factors. Injection of rhMFGE8 inhibited HMGB1. To further verify the regulation of MFGE8 in HMGB1, we used rhHMGB1 and glycyrrhizin, and the results indicated MFGE8 produced excellent effect on SAH rats via inhibiting HMGB1. Conclusion In a word, MFGE8 improved EBI caused by SAH, depending on HMGB1 that was the potential mechanism.
Criminal Action Against Drug Counterfeiters: Assessment of the FDA Office of Criminal Investigation Database 2016 Through 2021
Authors: White C. Michael 
Published: May 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to describe law enforcement oversight of counterfeit drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States from 2016 through 2021. Methods The FDA Office of Criminal Investigation database with hyperlinked press releases of enforcement actions was used to identify legal action against drug counterfeiters. Incidences of counterfeit drugs sold via Internet, how often they were obtained without a prescription, the most prevalent counterfeit drugs, the countries where counterfeit operations occurred, and the scale of counterfeit operations were assessed. Results There were 130 unique enforcement actions against counterfeiting organizations and individuals. Overall, 64.6% of enforcement actions involved counterfeit products sold over the Internet, in 84.6% of actions counterfeit medications could be obtained without a prescription, and in 33.1% of actions the products were sold as dietary supplements. Sexual dysfunction, opioid, stimulant, anabolic muscle building, benzodiazepine, and dermatologic drugs were most counterfeited. China was the most prevalent country to produce counterfeit drugs followed by India, Turkey, Pakistan, and Russia. Counterfeiting operations were large with tens of millions of pills and hundreds of millions of dollars in sales. Health outcomes for counterfeit drugs were rarely discussed in the press releases and not all press releases had data for each parameter of interest. Conclusion and Relevance This is the first report assessing enforcement actions against drug counterfeiters from the FDA Office of Criminal Investigation. The FDA is actively involved in identifying and prosecuting counterfeit drug rings, but the number of enforcement actions is smaller than the size of the problem.
Bilateral Implantation of Double-Branched Iliac Branch Devices for Endovascular Repair of Aorto-Bi-Iliac Aneurysm With Concomitant Hypogastric Aneurysms: The Quadruple Branch
Authors: Friesen Lia , Asciutto Giuseppe , Schaefers Johannes Frederik , Oberhuber Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe the use of a double-branched custom-made iliac branch device (IBD) for the endovascular repair of an aorto-bi-iliac aneurysm with concomitant bilateral hypogastric aneurysms. Technique: A 61-year-old man on peritoneal dialysis underwent a computed tomography (CT) of the infrarenal aorta before planned kidney transplantation. The CT showed an asymptomatic aorto-bi-iliac aneurysm of 54 mm involving the hypogastric artery (HA) bilaterally (right HA 31 mm; left HA 40 mm). The treatment consisted of an endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and the bilateral implantation of custom-manufactured IBDs with double inner branches to preserve both superior and inferior gluteal arteries. At 1 year follow-up, the patient remains free of symptoms and the postoperative CT showed a successfully excluded aneurysm with patent bridging stent grafts to all HA branches. Conclusion: The bilateral implantation of double-branched IBDs is a feasible technique. Preservation of both hypogastric arteries and its branches can be achieved with this technique and therefore decrease the risk of buttock claudication and other ischemic complications.
Clinical Outcomes of Additional Below-The-Ankle Intervention Compared to Below-The-Knee Intervention Alone: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Metser Gil , Puma Joseph , Mustapha Jihad , Adams George L. , Ratcliffe Justin , Khullar Pankaj , Rosero Joshua H. C. , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Zayed Mohamed , Green Philip 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To investigate the clinical implication of additional below-the-ankle (BTA) intervention in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) undergoing below-the-knee (BTK) intervention. Materials and Methods A sub-analysis was performed using data from the LIBERTY trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01855412), a prospective, observational, core-laboratory adjudicated, multicenter study of endovascular intervention in 1204 patients. Patients with CLTI (Rutherford Classification 4-6) who underwent BTK intervention were included in this sub-analysis. Participants were then stratified into 2 treatment groups according to whether at least one lesion intervened on was BTA (n=66) or not (n=273). The decision on whether and where to intervene was made during the procedure. The main outcome measures included major amputation, target vessel revascularization (TVR), major adverse events (MAE), survival, amputation-free survival, major adverse limb events or peri-operative death (MALE-POD), and all-cause death. Other outcome measures included procedural success, procedural complications, and wound healing rate. Results There were no differences in procedural success or severe angiographic complications between the 2 groups. At 1-year post-procedure, patients in the BTK group had a higher rate of freedom from major amputation (95.0% vs. 86.9%, respectively; HR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.17-7.03), a higher rate of freedom from TVR (80.1% vs. 66.9%, respectively; HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.14-3.32), a higher rate of freedom from MALE-POD (94.6% vs. 86.9%, respectively; HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.10-6.41), and a higher rate of freedom from MAE at both 1 (76.0% vs. 60.1%, respectively; HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.24-3.22) and 3 years post procedure (67.5% vs. 55.8%, respectively; HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.65). There was a significantly lower rate of survival in the BTK group at 3 years (74.3% vs. 91.1%, respectively; HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.87). After risk adjustment, there was a higher rate of all-cause death in the BTK group at 3 years (19.4% vs. 9.1%, respectively; p=0.023) post-intervention. Conclusion Patients with disease requiring intervention to BTA lesions have a potential increased amputation rate in the short term, but BTA intervention carries a potential survival benefit in the long term when compared to BTK intervention alone.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeting drugs and Raynaud’s phenomenon: a real-world potential safety signal from the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Gérard Alexandre O. , Merino Diane , Van Obberghen Elise K. , Rocher Fanny , Destere Alexandre , Lantéri-Minet Michel , Drici Milou-Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Migraine is responsible for significant disability and societal burden. Recently, drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway raised new hopes. CGRP, a potent vasodilator, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks. The deficiency of CGRP is involved in Raynaud’s phenomenon, which consists of abnormal vasoconstriction of the digits. We aimed to assess the potential association of Raynaud’s phenomenon with CGRP-targeting drugs, analyzing real-world data from the World Health Organization (VigiBase®).

Methods
We queried all reports of Raynaud’s phenomenon involving a CGRP-targeting drug. We sought disproportionate reporting of Raynaud’s phenomenon with these drugs. For this purpose, we relied on the calculation of the Information Component (IC). A positive lower end of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the IC defines a statistically significant association. As migraine patients are prone to Raynaud’s phenomenon, we also calculated the IC of Raynaud’s phenomenon with CGRP-targeting drugs compared to 5HT1B/D agonists (triptans), and beta-blockers used in the treatment of migraine.

Results
Overall, 99 reports of Raynaud’s phenomenon involving CGRP-targeting drugs have been yielded in VigiBase®. The most reported CGRP-targeting drug was erenumab, with 56 reports (56.6%). The median time to onset was 84 days. No fatality was notified, but one patient suffered from gangrene and extremity necrosis. As a whole, CGRP-targeting drugs were significantly associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon, with an IC of 3.3 (95%CI: 3.0–3.5). There was a disproportionate reporting of Raynaud’s phenomenon with CGRP-targeting drugs compared to triptans (IC 0.4; 95%CI: 0.1–0.6) and to beta-blockers (IC 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2–0.7) as well.

Conclusions
There is a significant disproportionality signal of Raynaud’s phenomenon with CGRP-targeting. This signal stands out when CGRP-targeting drugs are compared to other drugs used in patients with migraine. This study is limited by missing data in pharmacovigilance reports. CGRP-targeting drugs may be subject to Weber effect and reporting bias. Nonetheless, CGRP blockade might be the last straw that disrupts the physiological balance of vascular response in patients at-risk of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Pending further data regarding vascular safety of CGRP-targeting drugs, caution is warranted in these patients.