bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting superradiant stability of Kerr–Newman black holes under a charged massive scalar
Authors: Myung Yun Soo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe revisit the superradiant stability of Kerr–Newman black holes under a charged massive scalar perturbation. We obtain a newly suitable potential which is not singular at the outer horizon when a radial equation is expressed the Schrödinger-type equation in terms of the tortoise coordinate. From the potential analysis, we find a condition for the superradiant stability of Kerr–Newman black holes.
A pure hadronic model description of the observed neutrino emission from the tidal disruption event AT2019dsg
Authors: Banik Prabir , Bhadra Arunava 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected the neutrino event IceCube-170922A from the radio-emitting tidal disruption event (TDE) named AT2019dsg, indicating to be one of the most likely sources of high-energy cosmic rays. So far, the photo-hadronic interaction is considered in the literature to interpret neutrino emission from AT2019dsg. Here, we examine whether the IceCube-170922A along with the broadband electromagnetic emission from the source can also be described by a pure hadronic emission employing the proton blazar inspired (PBI) model, which takes into account the non-relativistic protons that emerge under the charge neutrality situation of the blazar jet and thus offers sufficient target matter forppinteractions with shock-accelerated protons. Our findings show that the PBI model is able to consistently describe the IceCube observations on AT2019dsg and the broadband spectrum of the source without exceeding the observed X-ray and gamma-ray flux upper limits imposed by the XMM-Newton and Fermi-LAT telescopes.
Outcomes of Spinal Accessory Nerve and Intercostal Nerve Transfers for Shoulder Stabilisation and Elbow Extension in Patients with C5,6,7 Root Avulsion Injury
Authors: MALUNGPAISHROPE Kanchai , LEECHAVENGVONGS Somsak , UERPAIROJKIT Chairoj , ANANTAVORASAKUL Navapong , KITTITHAMVONGS Piyabuth , DENSIRI-AKSORN Worawit 
Published: June 2022

Background: Upper arm type brachial plexus palsy results in decreased shoulder and elbow function. Reanimation of shoulder and elbow function is beneficial in these patients. The aim of this study is to report the results of restoring the shoulder abduction and elbow extension in patients with C5,6,7 root avulsion injury by simultaneous transfer of the spinal accessory nerve for the supraspinatus muscle combined with the transferring of the sixth and seventh intercostal nerves for the serratus anterior muscle along with the third to fifth intercostal nerves to the triceps muscle. Methods: All patients who underwent the above set of nerve transfers and had at least 2 years of follow-up were included in the study. The outcome measures included the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading of motor strength of shoulder abduction and elbow extension and range of motion of shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation. Results: The study included 10 patients with an average age of 27. The mean time from injury to surgery was 6 months and the mean follow-up period was 35 months. M4 grade shoulder abduction was restored in five patients, M3 grade in three patients and M2 grade in two. M4 grade elbow extension was achieved in four patients, M3 grade in four patients and M2 grade in two patients. The average arc of shoulder abduction and external rotation was 71° and −21°, respectively. Conclusions: The spinal accessory nerve and the sixth and seventh intercostal nerves transfer to the supraspinatus muscle and serratus anterior muscle with the third to fifth intercostal nerves transfer to the triceps muscle provided satisfactory results for both shoulder abduction and elbow extension in C5,6,7 root avulsion injury. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Clinical Observation of Patients Undergoing Glioma Surgery under Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fang Junbiao , Wang Hongfa , Zhang Weihua , Yang Kaichuang , Wang Weiyu 
Published: June 2022

Objective. To observe the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on patients undergoing glioma surgery. Methods. 192 patients with gliomas treated in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were selected. All patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given sevoflurane and the control group was given propofol. The clinical effects of the two groups were observed. Results. Comparison of clinical indexes related to intraoperative conditions between the two groups revealed that the time of anesthesia and extubation after operation in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. There was no significant difference in intracranial operation time, operation time, fluid volume, and urine volume between the two groups

P
<0.
05

. Comparing the recovery time of anesthesia between the two groups, the recovery time of orientation and the time of eye-opening in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group

P
<
0.05

. Comparing the consciousness and cognitive function of the two groups, the OAAS score of the observation group after extubation, before leaving the operating room and 1 hour after extubation, was significantly higher than that of the control group

P
<
0.05

, and the MMSE score l h after extubation was significantly higher than that of the control group

P
<
0.05

. Comparing the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups, the number of cases of restlessness, urinary infection, deep vein thrombosis, and hypertension in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. The anesthesia time and extubation time of the sevoflurane anesthesia group were shorter than that of the propofol anesthesia group, and the orientation recovery time and eye-opening time were shortened. The OAAS score of the sevoflurane anesthesia group was higher than that of the propofol anesthesia group after extubation, before extubation, and 1 hour after extubation. The probability of postoperative complications in the sevoflurane anesthesia group was lower than that in the propofol anesthesia group. Sevoflurane anesthesia may be more suitable for surgical induction of glioma patients than propofol anesthesia.
Efficacy and Safety of Ganduqing Granules in Treating the Common Cold: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Yilan , Zhou Piao , Wu Yuxiao , Cao Huaqin , Hao Wenfeng , Wang Fei , Guo Jing 
Published: June 2022

Background. There is no clear evidence-based medicine that points to the most effective drug treatments for the common cold. In view of its ability to relieve symptoms and shorten the disease course, as well as its minimal side effects, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used to treat the common cold. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to support the clinical efficacy of TCM. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ganduqing granules in the treatment of the common cold based on the network pharmacology analysis. Methods. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 eligible subjects will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group. The intervention group will be treated with Ganduqing granules, while the placebo group will be treated with placebo. After 5 days of intervention, the efficacy and safety of Ganduqing granules in the treatment of the common cold will be observed. The primary outcome is the time to clearance of all symptoms. The secondary outcomes included the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, SOD, and MDA in the peripheral blood, time to disappearance of primary symptoms and secondary symptoms, clinical symptom remission rate, and change in TCM syndrome score. Results. Sixty participants completed the study. Ganduqing granules showed a greater effect on the time to clearance of all symptoms

P
<
0.0001

, nasal discharge

P
=
0.0124

, fatigue and lack of strength

P
=
0.0138

, dryness of the pharynx

P
<
0.0001

, pharyngalgia or dysphagia

P
<
0.0001

, and expectoration

P
<
0.0431

compared with the placebo group. Participants in the intervention group had a greater decrease of IL-6 levels compared with the placebo group

P
<
0.007

; similar results were observed for the SOD

P
<
0.033

. However, the change in TNF-α and MDA levels in the intervention group was not significantly different from the placebo group. In addition, participants in the intervention group had a greater decrease of TCM syndrome score compared with the placebo group

P
<
0.040

. Conclusion. Ganduqing granules could improve common cold symptoms, shorten the disease course, attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress, and provided objective evidence for the efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal medicine in treating the common cold.
Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolomic Profiles, and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
Authors: Wang Zheng , Peters Brandilyn A. , Usyk Mykhaylo , Xing Jiaqian , Hanna David B. , Wang Tao , Post Wendy S. , Landay Alan L. , Hodis Howard N. , Weber Kathleen , French Audrey , Golub Elizabeth T. , Lazar Jason , Gustafson Deborah , Kassaye Seble , Aouizerat Bradley , Haberlen Sabina , Malvestutto Carlos , Budoff Matthew , Wolinsky Steven M. , Sharma Anjali , Anastos Kathryn , Clish Clary B. , Kaplan Robert C. , Burk Robert D. , Qi Qibin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Alterations in gut microbiota and blood metabolomic profiles have been implicated in HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in gut microbiota may contribute to disrupted host blood metabolomic profiles in relation to atherosclerosis, especially in the context of HIV infection.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional associations between gut microbiota features and carotid artery plaque in 361 women with or at high risk of HIV (67% HIV+), and further integrated plaque-associated microbial features with plasma lipidomic/metabolomic profiles. Furthermore, in 737 women and men, we examined prospective associations of baseline gut bacteria-associated lipidomic and metabolomic profiles with incident carotid artery plaque over 7-year follow-up.

Results:

We found 2 potentially pathogenic bacteria,
Fusobacterium
and
Proteus
, were associated with carotid artery plaque; while the beneficial butyrate producer
Odoribacter
was inversely associated with plaque.
Fusobacterium
and
Proteus
were associated with multiple lipids/metabolites which were clustered into 8 modules in network. A module comprised of 9 lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines and a module comprised of 9 diglycerides were associated with increased risk of carotid artery plaque (risk ratio [95% CI], 1.34 [1.09–1.64] and 1.24 [1.02–1.51] per SD increment, respectively). Functional analyses identified bacterial enzymes in lipid metabolism associated with these plasma lipids. In particular, phospholipase A1 and A2 are the key enzymes in the reactions producing lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines.

Conclusions:
Among individuals with or at high risk of HIV infection, we identified altered gut microbiota and related functional capacities in the lipid metabolism associated with disrupted plasma lipidomic profiles and carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Demystifying the Deep Self View
Authors: Gorman August 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Deep Self views of moral responsibility have been criticized for positing mysterious concepts, making nearly paradoxical claims about the ownership of one’s mental states, and promoting self-deceptive moral evasion. I defend Deep Self views from these pervasive forms of skepticism by arguing that some criticism is hasty and stems from epistemic injustice regarding testimonies of experiences of alienation, while other criticism targets contingent features of Deep Self views that ought to be abandoned. To aid in this project, I provide original naturalistic analyses of “Self” and “internality” that replace the view’s metaphorical language with common-sensical concepts that make clear their usefulness.
Deciphering “cryptic” nature of European rock-dwelling Pyramidula snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Authors: Horsáková Veronika , Líznarová Eva , Razkin Oihana , Nekola Jeffrey C. , Horsák Michal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many molecular phylogenetic studies conclude by reporting discoveries of new “cryptic” species. However, these putative biological entities are typically left unverified outside of the dna evidence or subjected to only superficial post-hoc analyses. Minute land snails of the Western Palearctic Pyramidula represent one of such examples being considered a cryptic species complex based on previously conducted molecular phylogeny. Several species appear indistinguishable due to noticeable shell tendency towards either high-spired (Pyramidula rupestris and P. jaenensis) or low-spired (P. saxatilis and P. pusilla) morphotype. Here, we challenge this conclusion by using mt DNA, n DNA, morphometric analyses and qualitative shell features, and seek for a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the conchological similarities. Through an empirical integration of multiple data types we document that the studied taxa can be visually distinguished. Unlike isolated shell measurements, cva s based on traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics have power to separate all species from each other, except for P. saxatilis and P. pusilla. However, only a use of previously overlooked shell surface microsculpture makes it possible to identify individuals of all species. Considering tight associations between shell measurements and climate, we propose an evolutionary explanation based on optimization of thermal flux under different climatic selection pressures. Our study brings the awareness towards microscopic shell features, and outlines a general protocol to identify robust visual identification criteria in taxonomic groups containing cryptic (and non-cryptic) members. It also exemplifies an integration of various data types for macroscale species identification, which we believe should follow any discovery of putatively cryptic species.
Causes for the Negative Scaling of Extreme Precipitation at High Temperatures
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Wang Guiling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although the intensity of extreme precipitation is predicted to increase with climate warming, at the weather scale precipitation extremes over most of the globe decrease when temperature exceeds a certain threshold, and the spatial extent of this negative scaling is projected to increase as the climate warms. The nature and cause of the negative scaling at high temperature and its implications remain poorly understood. Based on subdaily data from observations, a reanalysis product, and output from a coarse-resolution (∼200 km) global model and a fine-resolution (4 km) convection-permitting regional model, we show that the negative scaling is primarily a reflection of high temperature suppressing precipitation over land and storm-induced temperature variations over the ocean. We further identify the high temperature–induced increase of saturation deficit as a critical condition for the negative scaling of extreme precipitation over land. A large saturation deficit reduces precipitation intensity by slowing down the convective updraft condensation rate and accelerating condensate evaporation. The heat-induced suppression of precipitation, both for its mean and extremes, provides one mechanism for the co-occurrence of drought and heatwaves. As the saturation deficit over land is expected to increase in a warmer climate, our results imply a growing prevalence of negative scaling, potentially increasing the frequency of compound drought and heat events. Understanding the physical mechanisms underlying the negative scaling of precipitation at high temperature is, therefore, essential for assessing future risks of extreme events, including not only flood due to extreme precipitation but also drought and heatwaves.

Significance Statement
Negative scaling, a decrease of extreme precipitation at high local temperature, is a poorly understood phenomenon. It was suggested that the negative scaling may be a reflection of precipitation’s influence on temperature. Here we show based on observational data, a reanalysis product, and climate models that the negative scaling results primarily from the impact of the high temperature–induced saturation deficit on precipitation over land and from storm-induced temperature variations over the ocean. In hot weather when moisture is limited (as is over land), a large saturation deficit reduces precipitation intensity by slowing down the convective updraft condensation rate and accelerating condensate evaporation, leading to a negative scaling. The same mechanism can also contribute to increased compound drought and heat events.
Severe Weather Experience and Climate Change Belief among Small Woodland Owners: A Study of Reciprocal Effects
Authors: Denny Riva C. H. , Marchese Julia , Fischer A. Paige 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Climate change is threatening forest ecosystem services, but people who manage their own forestland are in a unique position to observe these threats and take steps to reduce their impacts, especially if they believe that climate change is a contributing factor. We investigate the nature of the relationship between small woodland owner experiences of drought and severe storms and climate change belief in the upper midwestern United States using survey data and structural equation modeling. We find for both events that experience has a modest, positive effect on climate change belief, but only indirectly through perceptions of changing trends in these types of events. In addition, we find that trend perception and climate change belief have an important reciprocal relationship. Our findings suggest that experience as well as cognitive biases are related to believing in climate change, and that greater attention should be given to the potential of bidirectional relationships between key concepts related to climate change belief.

Significance Statement
Belief in climate change increases the likelihood of supporting and participating in climate change mitigation actions. We wanted to better understand the relationships between experiencing severe weather events, believing in global climate change, and noticing changes in the local patterns of severe weather events. Using data from a survey of individual and family forestland owners, also known as small woodland owners, in the upper Midwest, we found that severe weather experience increases climate change belief by increasing the perception that severe weather event trends are changing. The nature of this relationship is also important for informing how future analyses are constructed to avoid misleading findings that overestimate the influence that severe weather experience has on climate change belief.
Increasing recreational nitrous oxide use: Should we worry? A narrative review
Authors: van Amsterdam Jan GC , Nabben Ton , van den Brink Wim 
Published: June 2022

Background: Since 2000, the prevalence of recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) use has increased in the Western world. Although N2O is a relatively safe drug, the overall increase in the use of N2O has concomitantly also initiated a modest but important increase in the number of young excessive users. The recent introduction of large 2 kg N2O tanks, allowing high and prolonged dosing, has facilitated this excessive use. This is of concern, because repeated exposure to high doses of N2O for a prolonged time is known to induce neurological damage, such as (irreversible) neuropathy and paralysis due to N2O-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. The increasing trend of recreational users with N2O-induced neurological damage at emergency departments confirms the urgency of this development. Objective/Methods: This narrative review describes recent trends in N2O use and misuse, the adverse health effects associated with excessive use and the risk factors of excessive use. Results: Considering the rising trend in N2O use, particularly among young and other vulnerable people, we propose to take legislative action to limit the availability of N2O, and also advocate for better and timely education of non-users, users and medical professionals about the serious side-effects associated with excessive N2O use. Conclusion: It is concluded that the increase in excessive N2O use is of serious concern.
Chimney Technique and Single-Branched Stent Graft for the Left Subclavian Artery Preservation During Zone 2 Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Type B Acute Aortic Syndromes
Authors: Chang Haiyang , Jin Die , Wang Yongzheng , Liu Bin , Wang Wujie , Li Yuliang 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair assisted by the chimney technique or single-branched stent graft for the preservation of the left subclavian artery, and summarize our single-center experience with the techniques. Materials and methods: From February 2017 to June 2020, 137 patients who underwent left subclavian artery revascularization during zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair were enrolled. Patients had acute type B aortic dissection and penetrating aortic ulcer associated with intramural hematoma. The chimney technique was performed in 68 patients (group A), and single-branched stent graft was deployed in 69 patients (group B). All procedures were performed during the acute phase. Primary technical success, immediate postoperative endoleak, neurologic complications (stroke or spinal cord ischemia), 30-day mortality, 1-year technical success, all-cause mortality, patency of the left subclavian artery, and reintervention were analyzed. Comparing the occurrence of the Bird-Beak Configuration, defined as a gap between the aortic wall and the sent graft with stent protrusion into the aortic lumen more than 5 mm, was also performed. Results: Primary technique success was achieved in 66 and 67 patients in groups A and B, respectively. The incidence of immediate postoperative endoleak, neurologic complications (stroke or spinal cord ischemia), and 30-day mortality were 5.9%, 1.5%, and 4.4% in group A, and 2.9%, 2.9%, and 2.9% in group B, respectively. During follow-up, the 1-year technical success rate was similar in both groups. All-cause mortality was similar in both groups (3.1% in group A and 4.5% in group B). The patency of the left subclavian artery was not significantly different between the 2 groups with 2 and 3 occlusions in groups A and B, respectively. The rate of reintervention was higher in group B (3.1% vs 1.6%, p=0.536), with a non-significant difference. Bird-Beak Configuration was more prominent in group B with the incidence of 59.42%. Conclusions: Acting as minimally invasive alternatives, both techniques are feasible for left subclavian artery preservation during zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B acute aortic syndromes with encouraging mid-term outcomes. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm these findings.