bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical and seasonal variation of plant taxa detected in faces of Cervus nippon yakushimae based on plant DNA analysis in Yakushima Island
Authors: Higashi Yuto , Hirota Shun K. , Suyama Yoshihisa , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, plant DNA analysis of feces has been successfully used to evaluate the food species composition of sika deer Cervus nippon. Here, we applied this method to Yaku‐sika C. nippon yakushimae, which increased its population and had a great negative impact on understory vegetation in Yakushima Island. We identified food plants of C. nippon yakushimae by sequencing chloroplast DNA fragments (rbcL region) of plants remaining in feces collected in the field in April, June, August, and October 2018, using a next‐generation sequencer. We collected feces from populations in two areas where populations have been managed by capture and three areas where those were not managed. The top two food plants in terms of the number of sequences determined were evergreen tall trees in all five areas. In addition to evergreen trees, understory herbaceous plants, including ferns, were included in the top 15 taxa in all areas. The diversity of food plants was higher in the managed areas than in the unmanaged areas. These results indicate that evergreen tall trees are the primary food plants of C. nippon yakushimae, but deer also forage on herbaceous plants as a side dish. Under this side dish effect, understory vegetation is reduced even under the high availability of food resources from tall trees. The high diversity of food plants in the managed areas suggested that understory plant diversity was restored when deer density was reduced by management.
Flavor challenges in extruded plant‐based meat alternatives: A review
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Tuccillo Fabio , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Knaapila Antti , Pulkkinen Marjo , Kariluoto Susanna , Coda Rossana , Edelmann Minnamari , Jouppila Kirsi , Sandell Mari , Piironen Vieno , Katina Kati 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDemand for plant‐based meat alternatives has increased in recent years due to concerns about health, ethics, the environment, and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the market share of plant‐based meat alternatives must increase significantly if they are to support sustainable food production and consumption. Flavor is an important limiting factor of the acceptability and marketability of plant‐based meat alternatives. Undesirable chemosensory perceptions, such as a beany flavor, bitter taste, and astringency, are often associated with plant proteins and products that use them. This study reviewed 276 articles to answer the following five research questions: (1) What are the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for off‐flavors? (2) What are the mechanisms by which these flavor compounds are generated? (3) What is the influence of thermal extrusion cooking (the primary structuring technique to transform plant proteins into fibrous products that resemble meat in texture) on the flavor characteristics of plant proteins? (4) What techniques are used in measuring the flavor properties of plant‐based proteins and products? (5) What strategies can be used to reduce off‐flavors and improve the sensory appeal of plant‐based meat alternatives? This article comprehensively discusses, for the first time, the flavor issues of plant‐based meat alternatives and the technologies available to improve flavor and, ultimately, acceptability.
Ceramide changes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue among diabetic and nondiabetic patients
Authors: Brusatori Michelle , Wood Michael H. , Tucker Stephanie C. , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Koya S. Kiran , Auner Gregory W. , Honn Kenneth V. , Seyoum Berhane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study profiles ceramides extracted from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of human subjects by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine a correlation with status of diabetes and gender.MethodsSamples of visceral and abdominal wall subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 36 and n = 31, respectively) were taken during laparoscopic surgery from 36 patients (14 nondiabetic, 22 diabetic and prediabetic) undergoing bariatric surgery with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 with ≥1 existing comorbidity or BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Sphingolipids were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsAfter logarithm 2 conversion, paired analysis of visceral to subcutaneous tissue showed differential accumulation of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic female subjects, but not in males. Within‐tissue analysis showed higher mean levels of ceramide species linked to insulin resistance, such as Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/16:0), in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects and higher content of Cer(d18:1/14:0) in subcutaneous tissue of insulin‐resistant female patients compared with prediabetic/diabetic males. Statistically significant differences in mean levels of ceramide species between insulin‐resistant African American and insulin‐resistant Caucasian patients were not evident in visceral or subcutaneous tissue.ConclusionsAnalysis of ceramides is important for developing a better understanding of biological processes underlying type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Knowledge of the accumulated ceramides/dihydroceramides may reflect on the prelipolytic state that leads the lipotoxic phase of insulin resistance and may shed light on the predisposition to insulin resistance by gender.
Defining and Managing Corporate Tax Risk: Perceptions of Tax Risk Experts*
Authors: Brühne Alissa I. , Schanz Deborah 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine the “black box” of corporate tax risk management by providing unique insights into practitioners' tax risk perceptions, tax risk management practices, and influences leading to variation in tax risk management practices across firms. Opening this black box is important as tax risk has become an increasingly relevant aspect in corporate tax practice—little is yet known about how firms define and manage tax‐related risks. We perform our analysis based on 33 expert interviews, which we conducted with 42 tax risk experts. The first important finding from our interviews is that tax risk is a multifaceted and context‐dependent construct, consisting of six tax risk components: financial, reputational, compliance, political, tax process, and personal liability risk. Furthermore, we find that perceived tax risk varies substantially between corporate insiders and corporate outsiders. Our interview insights further reveal that firms' most frequently used tax risk management practices relate to some form of tax communication. The tax departments' rationale for using tax communication as a key tax risk management practice is to protect the firm—in particular, the CFO—from three types of pressure: public pressure, peer pressure, and regulatory pressure. Our analysis has important implications for future studies. First, our insights reveal that several tax risk components are not sufficiently covered by common tax risk measures used by the archival literature. Second, we find that communication has a key role in managing tax risk. This deviates from the purely supportive role that extant risk management frameworks have assigned to communication.
Non‐invasive brain stimulation for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Petit Benjamin , Dornier Alexandre , Meille Vincent , Demina Anastasia , Trojak Benoit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsNon‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods have showed promising results for the treatment of tobacco use disorder, but little is known about the efficacy of NIBS on sustained tobacco abstinence. We aimed to assess its effectiveness for long‐term smoking cessation.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO and clinical trials registries were systematically searched for relevant studies up to May 2021. Relevant studies included adult smokers seeking smoking cessation, included in an RCT using NIBS [specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)], and with follow‐up of more than 4 weeks. There were no restrictions on location. Abstinence rates in the active NIBS groups were compared with abstinence rates in sham NIBS or in usual treatment groups, from 4 weeks to 12 months following the quit attempt. Smoking abstinence was measured on an intention‐to‐treat basis and we used risk ratios (RRs) as measures of effect size.ResultsSeven studies were included (n = 699 patients). In all included studies, the control groups were receiving sham NIBS and only data from 3 to 6 months were analysable. By pooling the seven included studies, the RR of sustained abstinence of any form of NIBS relative to sham NIBS was 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–4.55; I2 = 40%]. Subgroup analyses found that the RR was even higher when excitatory rTMS was used on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RR = 4.34; 95% CI = 1.69–11.18; I2 = 0%) or when using deep rTMS targeting the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula bilaterally (RR = 4.64; 95% CI = 1.61–13.39; I2 = 0%). A high risk of bias was found in four included studies. We also determined, using grades of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation, that overall there was a low level of confidence in the results.ConclusionNon‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may improve smoking abstinence rates from 3 to 6 months after quitting smoking, compared with sham NIBS or usual treatment.
Race and the infrapolitics of public space in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: GREGORY STEVEN 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic has fundamentally altered our associational life and relationship to public space, revealing deadly inequities in access to health care and other resources, particularly in communities of color. In Harlem and other areas of New York City that are experiencing neoliberal redevelopment, the response to the pandemic has also rearticulated public spaces, introducing new and diverse spatial uses and users, and providing low‐income and working‐class African American and Latinx residents with increased opportunities to contest their exclusion from public and quasi‐public spaces and the symbolic economy of gentrification. Based on ethnographic research conducted during the pandemic, I show how black and brown residents in West Harlem encountered, negotiated, and contested these race‐cum‐class–based, spatio‐symbolic exclusions through infrapolitical practices and, in the process, demanded and exercised their “right to the city.” [race, infrapolitics, public space, gentrification, redevelopment, right to the city, COVID‐19, Harlem, New York City]
Multi‐organ dysfunction syndrome in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support
Authors: Kozakov Kostiantyn , Philipp Alois , Lunz Dirk , Lubnow Matthias , Provaznik Zdenek , Keyser Andreas , Rupprecht Leopold , Schmid Christof , Schopka Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple organ failure is a common complication in patients undergoing ECLS significantly affecting patient outcomes. Gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of onset, clinical course, risk factors, and potential therapeutic targets is highly desirable.MethodsData of 354 patients undergoing ECLS with one‐, two, three‐, and four organ failures were retrospectively analyzed. Incidence of multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), its impact on survival, risk factors for its occurrence, and the impact of proinflammatory mediators on the occurrence of MODS in patients undergoing ECLS were investigated.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 66 (IQR 6; 820) days. 245 (69.2%) patients could be weaned from ECLS, 30‐day survival and 1‐year survival were 194 (54.1%) and 157 (44.4%), respectively. The duration of mechanical support was 4 (IQR 2; 7) days in the median. Increasing severity of MODS resulted in significant prolongation of mechanical circulatory support and worsening of the outcome. Liver dysfunction had the strongest impact on patient mortality (OR = 2.5) and survival time (19 vs 367 days). The serum concentration of analyzed interleukins rose significantly with each, additional organ affected by dysfunction (p < 0.001). All analyzed proinflammatory cytokines showed significant predictivity relative to the occurrence of MODS with interleukin 8 serum level prior to ECLS showing the strongest predictive potential for the occurrence of MODS (AUC 0.78).ConclusionMODS represents a frequent complication in patients undergoing ECLS with a significant impact on survival. Proinflammatory cytokines show prognostic capacity regarding the occurrence and severity of multi‐organ dysfunction.
Editorial: choosing the optimal screening method for latent TB in patients with IBD commencing anti‐TNF therapy
Authors: Lovatt Jessica , Selinger Christian P. 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kumar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16839 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16918
Letter: the sphingosine 1 phosphate/sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor axis—a unique therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Wang Jie , Goren Idan , Rieder Florian 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16741 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16888
Editorial: is older‐onset ulcerative colitis more severe or less aggressively managed? Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Okabayashi Shinji , Yamazaki Hajime , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kobayashi Taku 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Okabayashi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16865 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16905
Histamine‐2 (H2) antagonists can be safely removed from standard paclitaxel premedication regimens
Authors: Foreman Emma , Polwart Calum , Walker Andrew , Chambers Pinkie 
Published: April 2022

AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the rates of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in patients receiving paclitaxel chemotherapy, with and without a histamine‐2 (H2) antagonists.MethodThis prospective, multi‐centre, cohort study compared patients receiving paclitaxel treated with premedication regimens containing chlorphenamine, dexamethasone and an H2 antagonist vs patients treated without an H2 antagonist. Rates of HSRs were described and logistic multivariable regression was used to investigate any associations with H2 antagonist treatment, adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsA total of 1043 individuals were included in the study; of these, 638 (61%) patients received an H2 antagonist and 405 (49%) were not given an H2 antagonist. Incidence of HSR in the cohort treated with H2 antagonists was 11.31% (n = 70) vs 9.86% (n = 41) in the cohort without. There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of HSR observed in those receiving and not receiving an H2 antagonist (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.65, 1.66, P = .9).ConclusionsResults presented within the study are consistent with other recently published evidence to suggest that H2 antagonists do not confer any advantage as part of premedication regimens in reducing the incidence of HSR in patients treated with paclitaxel.
Population pharmacokinetics analysis of guselkumab in healthy subjects and patients with psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: Tran Lana , Yao Zhenling , Xu Zhenhua , Vermeulen An 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin 23, is approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), generalized pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis in various countries. The purpose of this analysis was to develop a comprehensive population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for guselkumab to determine whether PK differs across different disease populations and healthy subjects.MethodsA nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach was used to analyse 23 097 serum PK samples obtained from 2623 healthy subjects and patients with PsO, PsA and PPP across 9 phase 1–3 clinical trials.ResultsGuselkumab concentrations were adequately described by a 2‐compartment linear PK model with first‐order absorption and elimination. Clearance (CL), central and peripheral volume of distribution, intercompartmental flow, absorption rate constant and absolute bioavailability estimates were 0.255 L/d, 3.60 L, 1.78 L, 0.369 L/d, 0.313 d−1 and 49.2%, respectively, for a subject weighing 70 kg. Terminal half‐life was estimated to be approximately 14.6 days. Body weight was the primary factor affecting CL and central volume of distribution. CL of guselkumab was similar among patients with PsA, PsO and PPP, but CL in disease populations was 11–17% lower than that in healthy subjects after other covariate effects such as body weight were considered.ConclusionThe population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that, after other covariate effects were taken into account, patients with PsO, PsA and PPP had similar PK characteristics, with CL in these disease populations being slightly lower than in healthy individuals.
When and how to stop denosumab therapy in a patient with osteoporosis
Authors: Goulden Eirena L. , Crowley Rachel K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDenosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand which regulates osteoclast activity. It is an effective treatment for osteoporosis with a reduced cumulative rate of vertebral fractures, hip and nonvertebral fractures as well as an increase in bone mineral density. The benefits have been shown to be maintained when treatment is continued up to and likely after 10 years of therapy, but the effects are lost rapidly if treatment is discontinued abruptly. There are rare medical indications for discontinuation of treatment. Discontinuation of denosumab is often driven by concern about complications such as osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fractures and hypocalcaemia, which remain rare events. Further studies are required to confirm safety and efficacy beyond 10 years of treatment, but it is likely that patients will have ongoing benefits from therapy beyond this. We aim to present a personal perspective of why and how denosumab should be discontinued in patients with osteoporosis.
Luteinizing hormone β‐subunit deficiency: Report of a novel LHB likely pathogenic variant and a systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Barnabas Rohit , Jadhav SwatiRamteke , Arya Sneha , Lila Anurag Ranjan , Sarathi Vijaya , Shah Gaurang R. , Bhandare Vishwambhar V. , Shah Nalini S. , Kunwar Ambarish , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextSelective deficiency of β‐subunit of luteinizing hormone (LHB) is a rare disease with scarce data on its characteristics.ObjectivesTo describe a male with LHB deficiency and systematically review the literature.Design and PatientsDescription of a male patient with LHB deficiency and a systematic review of LHB deficiency patients published to date (10 males and 3 females) as per PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA 36‐year‐old Asian Indian male presented with infertility. On evaluation, he had sexual maturity of Tanner's stage 3, low testosterone (0.23 ng/ml), low LH (0.44 mIU/ml), high follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH, 22.4 mIU/ml), and a novel homozygous missense likely pathogenic variant (p.Cys46Arg) in LHB. In the molecular dynamics simulation study, this variant interferes with heterodimerization of alpha‐beta subunits. Eleven males with pathogenic variants in LHB reported to date, presented at a median age of 29 (17–38) years, most commonly with delayed puberty. Clinical and biochemical profiles were similar to those of our patient. In the majority, testosterone monotherapy modestly increased testicular volume whereas human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) monotherapy also improved spermatogenesis. In females, oligomenorrhoea after spontaneous menarche was the most common manifestation. Ten pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (three in‐frame deletions, three missense, two splice‐site, one nonsense, and one frameshift variants) have been reported in nine index patients.ConclusionWe report a novel likely pathogenic LHB variant in an Asian Indian patient. The typical phenotype in male patients with LHB deficiency is delayed puberty with low testosterone, low LH, and normal to high FSH and hCG monotherapy being the best therapeutic option.
Amyloid‐β protein and MicroRNA‐384 in NCAM‐Labeled exosomes from peripheral blood are potential diagnostic markers for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Ying , Meng Shuang , Di Wu , Xia Ming , Dong Lei , Zhao Yue , Ling Sihai , He Jing , Xue Xiaoxing , Chen Xiali , Liu Chengeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to establish a method to determine whether amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein and miR‐384 in peripheral blood neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)/ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) dual‐labeled exosomes may serve as diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThis was a multicenter study using a two‐stage design. The subjects included 45 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients, 50 amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, 40 AD patients, and 30 controls in the discovery stage. The results were validated in the verification stage in 47 SCD patients, 45 aMCI patients, 45 AD patients, and 30 controls. NCAM single‐labeled and NCAM/ABCA1 double‐labeled exosomes in the peripheral blood were captured and detected by immunoassay.ResultsThe Aβ42, Aβ42/40, Tau, P‐T181‐tau, and miR‐384 levels in NCAM single‐labeled and NCAM/ABCA1 double‐labeled exosomes of the aMCI and AD groups were significantly higher than those of the SCD, control, and vascular dementia (VaD) groups (all p < 0.05). The Aβ42 and miR‐384 levels in NCAM/ABCA1 dual‐labeled exosomes of the aMCI and AD groups were higher than those of the control and VaD groups (all p < 0.05). The exosomal Aβ42, Aβ42/40, Tau, P‐T181‐tau, and miR‐384 levels in peripheral blood were correlated with those in cerebrospinal fluid (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study, for the first time, established a method that sorts specific surface marker exosomes using a two‐step immune capture technology. The plasma NCAM/ABCA1 dual‐labeled exosomal Aβ42/40 and miR‐384 had potential advantages in the diagnosis of SCD.
Bringing together the whats and hows in the service innovation literature: An integrative framework
Authors: Kurtmollaiev Seidali , Pedersen Per Egil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concept of service has gone through both evolutionary and revolutionary changes, but this has had little effect on the way reviews portray service innovation research. Our paper is the first to investigate whether and how different conceptualizations of service influence the formation of perspectives on studying and practicing service innovation. Combining an exploratory content analysis with a thorough examination of 886 articles on service innovation published from 1981 to 2019, we suggest a novel integrative framework for the multiple perspectives on service innovation. We outline new service development, service engineering, service infusion, service design, service reconfiguration and service integration as autonomous, yet interconnected, perspectives, each with its own research focus, logic and vocabulary. This integrative framework can assist with defining research questions and designing innovation studies, as well as selecting approaches to managing innovation. We also argue that the main obstacles to the progress of service innovation research are lexical cross‐contamination, parallelism in approaches, the gravity of the new service development perspective and the legacy of new product development. To overcome these challenges, we encourage a more distinct pluralism of perspectives and demonstrate possibilities for meaningful conversations across them.