bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of sublethal and transgenerational effects of spirotetramat, on population growth of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Iftikhar Ayesha , Hafeez Faisal , Aziz Muhammad Asif , Hashim Muhammad , Naeem Afifa , Yousaf Hafiz Kamran , Saleem Muhammad Jawad , Hussain Sabir , Hafeez Muhammad , Ali Qurban , Rehman Muzammal , Akhtar Sumreen , Marc Romina Alina , Syaad Khalid M. Al , Mostafa Yasser Sabry , Saeed Fatimah A. Al 
Published: December 2022

The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is a devastating pest of cruciferous crops causing economic damage worldwide and notably owing to its increasing resistance to commonly used pesticides. Such resistance prompts the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs that include novel pesticides being effective against the aphids. Spirotetramat is a novel insecticide used against sap-sucking insect pests, particularly aphids. This study evaluated the toxicity of spirotetramat to adult apterous B. brassicae after 72 h using the leaf dipping method. According to the toxicity bioassay results, the LC50 value of spirotetramat to B. brassicae was 1.304 mgL−1. However, the sublethal concentrations (LC5 and LC15) and transgenerational effects of this novel insecticide on population growth parameters were estimated using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory method. The sublethal concentrations (LC5; 0.125 mgL−1 and LC15; 0.298 mgL−1) of spirotetramat reduced the adult longevity and fecundity of the parent generation (F0). These concentrations prolonged the preadult developmental duration while decreasing preadult survival, adult longevity and reproduction of the F1 generation. The adult pre-reproductive period was also extended by spirotetramat treatment groups. Subsequently, the population growth parameters such as the intrinsic rate of increase r, finite rate of increase λ and net reproductive rate R0 of the F1 generation were decreased in spirotetramat treatment groups whereas, the mean generation time T of the F1 generation was not affected when compared to the control. These results indicated the negative effect of sublethal concentrations of spirotetramat on the performance of B. brassicae by reducing its nymphal survival, extending the duration of some immature stages and suppressing the population growth of B. brassicae. Overall, we demonstrated that spirotetramat is a pesticide showing both sublethal activities, and transgenerational effects on cabbage aphid; it may be useful for implementation in IPM programs against this aphid pest.
Using phenomics to identify and integrate traits of interest for better-performing common beans: A validation study on an interspecific hybrid and its Acutifolii parents
Authors: Rodriguez Diego Felipe Conejo , Urban Milan Oldřich , Santaella Marcela , Gereda Javier Mauricio , Contreras Aquiles Darghan , Wenzl Peter 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionEvaluations of interspecific hybrids are limited, as classical genebank accession descriptors are semi-subjective, have qualitative traits and show complications when evaluating intermediate accessions. However, descriptors can be quantified using recognized phenomic traits. This digitalization can identify phenomic traits which correspond to the percentage of parental descriptors remaining expressed/visible/measurable in the particular interspecific hybrid. In this study, a line ofP. vulgaris,P. acutifoliusandP. parvifoliusaccessions and their crosses were sown in the mesh house according to CIAT seed regeneration procedures.MethodologyThree accessions and one derived breeding line originating from their interspecific crosses were characterized and classified by selected phenomic descriptors using multivariate and machine learning techniques. The phenomic proportions of the interspecific hybrid (line INB 47) with respect to its three parent accessions were determined using a random forest and a respective confusion matrix.ResultsThe seed and pod morphometric traits, physiological behavior and yield performance were evaluated. In the classification of the accession, the phenomic descriptors with highest prediction force were Fm’, Fo’, Fs’, LTD, Chl, seed area, seed height, seed Major, seed MinFeret, seed Minor, pod AR, pod Feret, pod round, pod solidity, pod area, pod major, pod seed weight and pod weight. Physiological traits measured in the interspecific hybrid present 2.2% similarity with theP. acutifoliusand 1% with theP. parvifoliusaccessions. In addition, in seed morphometric characteristics, the hybrid showed 4.5% similarity with theP. acutifoliusaccession.ConclusionsHere we were able to determine the phenomic proportions of individual parents in their interspecific hybrid accession. After some careful generalization the methodology can be used to: i) verify trait-of-interest transfer fromP. acutifoliusandP. parvifoliusaccessions into their hybrids; ii) confirm selected traits as “phenomic markers” which would allow conserving desired physiological traits of exotic parental accessions, without losing key seed characteristics from elite common bean accessions; and iii) propose a quantitative tool that helps genebank curators and breeders to make better-informed decisions based on quantitative analysis.
Higher sowing density of pearl millet increases productivity and water use efficiency in high evaporative demand seasons
Authors: Pilloni Raphaël , Faye Aliou , Kakkera Aparna , Kholova Jana , Badji Romiel , Faye Coumba , Vadez Vincent 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPearlmillet is themain subsistence crop for smallholder farmers systemswhere it is grown at low plant density. Intensifying pearl millet cultivation could boost productivity although it may have trade-offs. Increasing planting density would indeed increase the leaf area and the related water budget, whereas a denser canopy could create a more favorable canopymicroclimate to the benefit of the water use efficiency (WUE) of the crops. The first aim of this work was to test the yield response of popular pearlmillet varieties to an increased density and to assess possible genotypic variation in this response. The second aim was to measure the water use and the WUE of the crop in different densities.MethodTo this end we designed several field and lysimetric experiments To increase the robustness of the results, these trials were carried out in India and Senegal, using two independent sets of genotypes adapted to both sites.ResultsIn the field, the higher sowing density significantly increased yield in all genotypes when trials were carried out in high evaporative demand conditions. There was no genotype x density interaction in these trials, suggesting no genotypic variation in the response to density increase. The high-density treatment also decreased the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the canopies, both in the field and in the lysimeter experiments. In the lysimeter trials, although the higher density treatment increased water use, the resulting increase in biomass was proportionally higher, hence increasingWUE of the crops in all genotypes under high density. The increase in yield under high density was closely related to the increase in WUE, although this link was more tight in the high- than in the low evaporative demand seasons. This confirmed a strong environmental effect on the response to density of all genotypes tested.DiscussionAlthough they did not open a scope for breeding density tolerant cultivars, these results highlight the possibility to improve pearl millet yield by increasing the density, targeting specifically areas facing high evaporative demand.
Characteristics of the litter dynamics in a Moso bamboo forest after strip clearcutting
Authors: Zheng Yaxiong , Fan Shaohui , Guan Fengying , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Xiao 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe quality of new Moso bamboo trees has been found to decrease in the years following strip cutting (SC) events. It is thus essential that we improve our knowledge of nutrient return after strip cutting in Moso bamboo forests to help facilitate sustainable management.MethodsIn this investigation the dynamics of nutrient return were monitored in plots with 8 m wide strip cutting (SC), their reserve belts (RB), and a traditionally managed forest (CK) as the control, for 5 years after cutting.ResultsThe results showed that strip cutting significantly reduced nutrient return (p&lt; 0.05), but as the plots recovered, the nutrient levels also recovered to match those of the control. The high densities in the RB no longer increase nutrient return. Five years after SC there was no significant difference in nitrogen and phosphorus returns among the three treatment plots, but potassium returns in the SC plot were significantly higher than those in the RB (p&lt; 0.05). From 2–5 years after cutting, the litter decomposition rate in the RB was significantly higher than in the SC and CK (p&lt; 0.05). In addition, the decomposition rate in the SC plot was significantly accelerated five years after logging, which suggests that long-term strip cutting management may lead to the restriction of nutrients on the growth and development of new trees.DiscussionThe results indicate that nutrients should be added via artificial fertilization in the future.
Development and validation of a scale to measure team communication behaviors
Authors: Hartner-Tiefenthaler Martina , Loerinc Ivana , Hodzic Sabina , Kubicek Bettina 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionWith the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work was increased all over the globe. As a consequence, workers had to adapt their communication behaviors to smoothly coordinate work in their flexible teams (i.e., when team members divide work between the office and their homes). Drawing on relational coordination theory, we constructed and validated a scale to capture the most relevant team communication behaviors.MethodsWe employed interviews and focus groups to construct the scale, refined the scale based on three samples with employees working flexibly and finally validated the scale with 130 teams from diverse organizations.ResultsOur scale comprises three dimensions: focused communication, knowledge sharing and spontaneous communication. All three dimensions showed convergent validity with team planning and discriminant validity with time-spatial flexibility. Also, predictive validity with collective efficacy and team viability was achieved for focused communication and knowledge sharing. Spontaneous communication only predicted collective efficacy, but not team viability.DiscussionWe conclude that the TCS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing team communication and contribute by focusing on behaviors.
Effects of physical activity and use of digital devices on visual acuity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Shi Lei , Ou Weiyan , Xue Yaqing , Xu Ying , Xue Benli , Zhang Jiachi , Liang Pengyan , Huang Wei , Qin Zuguo , Zhang Chichen 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo determine the association between poor visual acuity, the use of digital devices and physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA total of 327,646 Chinese children and adolescents were included in the analysis using a cluster random sampling method; this is a case-control study, of those 144,708 children and adolescents with poor visual acuity were included in the case group, while 182,938 who did not have poor visual acuity were included in the control group. A logistic regression model was used to assess the contribution of PA and the use of digital devices to poor visual acuity.ResultsA total of 144,708 children and adolescents experienced poor visual acuity during the COVID-19 pandemic; 54.8% were male, and 55.2% live in rural areas. Compared to controls, children and adolescents with poor visual acuity exhibited more time for the use of digital devices (4.51 ± 2.44 vs. 3.79 ± 2.34 for cases and controls, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and PA (3.07 ± 0.92 vs. 2.85 ± 1.00 for cases and controls, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). During the COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors related to poor visual acuity among children and adolescents included the use of digital devices (OR 1.135; 95% CI 1.132–1.139), and PA (OR 1.269; 95%CI 1.259–1.278). The results of interaction analysis show that for children and adolescents aged 12 to 17, the positive association between the use of digital devices and poor visual acuity decreased. The interaction effect between PA and digital devices is 0.987.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents were at risk of poor visual acuity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extended use of the digital devices increased the risk of poor visual acuity, especially for children aged 6–11 years. But the risk of poor visual acuity among children and adolescents decreases as the time spent on PA increases.
Hopes and fears regarding care robots: Content analysis of newspapers in East Asia and Western Europe, 2001–2020
Authors: Kodate N. , Maeda Y. , Hauray B. , Tsujimura M. , Chan W. C. H. , Mannan H. , Yu W. , Dalgalarrondo S. , Cheung M. C. , Yumoto A. , Suwa S. , Donnelly S. , Sakata N. , O’Shea D. , Obayashi K. , Masuyama S. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAs a type of welfare technology, care robotics is now widely seen as a potential aide to rehabilitation, increasing independence and enhancing the wellbeing of people with disabilities and older adults. Research into and development of care robots have both been vigorously promoted in North America, Europe and Asia, and the competition for technological advancement in robotics is becoming fierce. AI ethics and policy guidelines are being established. However, there are still differences in attitudes and perceptions, as well as national policies regarding this type of welfare technology. Moreover, despite the anticipated usefulness, it is believed that progress has been slow in the diffusion of care robots.PurposeIn order to explore how public discourses support technological innovation, such as care robots, while preparing society for potential risks and impact, we sought to ascertain whether public discourse on care robots varies from region to region. For example, what are the hopes and promises associated with care robots and what are the concerns?MethodsTo address these questions, this article explored how care robots have been portrayed in five major broadsheet newspapers in five jurisdictions in Asia and Europe (France, Great Britain, Hong Kong SAR, Ireland and Japan). We obtained 545 articles for the period between January 2001 and September 2020, more than half of which originated in Japan. A thematic analysis was conducted of these articles written in four languages (Chinese, English, French and Japanese).ResultsPositive and negative narratives were teased out, alongside other key prominent themes identified, such as Japan as the land of robots, the pandemic, and the impact of robots on the economy. As the number of robot-related articles grew from the year 2012 onwards, narratives became more nuanced in European newspapers, but not in Asian ones. Furthermore, recent articles began to address the social and relational impact of care robots, while providing concrete examples of improvements in the quality of life for users. Further careful examination will be necessary in the future in order to establish the impact of robotics use in rehabilitation for people with disabilities, older adults, their carers and society at large.
Use of the consolidated framework for implementation research in a mixed methods evaluation of the EQUIPPED medication safety program in four academic health system emergency departments
Authors: Kegler Michelle C. , Rana Shaheen , Vandenberg Ann E. , Hastings S. Nicole , Hwang Ula , Eucker Stephanie A. , Vaughan Camille P. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEnhancing Quality of Prescribing Practices for Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department (EQUIPPED) is an effective quality improvement program initially designed in the Veterans Administration (VA) health care system to reduce potentially inappropriate medication prescribing for adults aged 65 years and older. This study examined factors that influence implementation of EQUIPPED in EDs from four distinct, non-VA academic health systems using a convergent mixed methods design that operationalized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Fidelity of delivery served as the primary implementation outcome.Materials and methodsFour EDs implemented EQUIPPED sequentially from 2017 to 2021. Using program records, we scored each ED on a 12-point fidelity index calculated by adding the scores (1–3) for each of four components of the EQUIPPED program: provider receipt of didactic education, one-on-one academic detailing, monthly provider feedback reports, and use of order sets. We comparatively analyzed qualitative data from focus groups with each of the four implementation teams (n = 22) and data from CFIR-based surveys of ED providers (108/234, response rate of 46.2%) to identify CFIR constructs that distinguished EDs with higher vs. lower levels of implementation.ResultsOverall, three sites demonstrated higher levels of implementation (scoring 8–9 of 12) and one ED exhibited a lower level (scoring 5 of 12). Two constructs distinguished between levels of implementation as measured through both quantitative and qualitative approaches: patient needs and resources, and organizational culture. Implementation climate distinguished level of implementation in the qualitative analysis only. Networks and communication, and leadership engagement distinguished level of implementation in the quantitative analysis only.DiscussionUsing CFIR, we demonstrate how a range of factors influence a critical implementation outcome and build an evidence-based approach on how to prime an organizational setting, such as an academic health system ED, for successful implementation.ConclusionThis study provides insights into implementation of evidence-informed programs targeting medication safety in ED settings and serves as a potential model for how to integrate theory-based qualitative and quantitative methods in implementation studies.
The magnitude of healthcare professionals' turnover intention and associated factors during the period of COVID-19 pandemic in North Shewa Zone government hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Benayew Mengistu , Hailu Dejene , Gizaw Berhanu , Zerihun Lidya , Zerihun Mehiret , Liknaw Tiliksew , Ayenw Muluken , Shukure Rebik , Bekele Kumera , Worku Abera 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHealthcare professional turnover and shortages are perceived as a global issue affecting the performance of healthcare organizations. Studies show that the coronavirus disease has physical and psychological effects on healthcare workers. This study assessed the magnitude of turnover intention and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study of 402 healthcare professionals working in the North Shewa Zone was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from 1 February to 28 February 2021. The data were collected using a self-managed structure questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. We performed a logistic regression analysis to identify factors related to healthcare professionals' turnover intention. Finally, the data were displayed in frequency, percentage, and summary statistics.ResultFrom the total of 402 study participants, 363 of them were involved in the study with a response rate of 90.3%. The magnitude of healthcare professionals' turnover intention was 56.7%. Single marital status (AOR: 3.926; 95% CI: 1.961; 7.861), completion of obligatory service years (AOR: 0.287; 95% CI: 0.152, 0.542), dissatisfaction with the training opportunities (AOR: 2.407) 95% CI: 1.232, 4.701), having no established family (AOR: 2.184; 95% CI: 1.103, 4.326), dissatisfaction with organizational decisions process (AOR: 0.483; 95% CI: 0.250, 0.932), low continuous organizational commitment (AOR: 0.371; 95% CI 0.164; 0.842), dissatisfaction with professional development opportunities (AOR: 2.407; 95% CI: 1.232–4.701), and a non-conducive work environment (AOR: 2.079; 95% CI: 1.199, 3.607) were independent predictors of turnover intention.ConclusionsOur study showed that 56.7% of healthcare professionals have turnover intention. Being unmarried, lack of training opportunities, lack of established family, having completed the obligatory service years, non-conducive work environment, low continuous organizational commitment, dissatisfaction with the decision-making of the organization, and dissatisfaction with professional development opportunities of the organization all contributed to a higher rate of healthcare professionals' turnover intention.RecommendationsHealthcare organizations and other concerned bodies should create strategies that enhance the working environment, foster continuous organizational commitment, improve organizational decision-making, and provide professional development and training opportunities to lower the rate of turnover intention.
Impacts of vitamin premix and/or yeast ingredient inclusion in a canned cat food on thiamin retention during 6 months of storage
Authors: Dainton Amanda N. , White Brittany , Lambrakis Leah , Aldrich Charles Gregory 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionLow thiamin levels in thermally processed canned cat foods are concerning for the pet food industry. However, there is little information on storage stability of thiamin in this food format or if inclusion of select ingredients, such as dried yeasts, has an effect. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the storage stability of thiamin when a vitamin premix and/or yeasts ingredients were included in a canned cat food.Materials and methodsThe factorial treatment arrangement consisted of 2 levels of vitamin premix (with or without) and 4 inclusions of yeast (NY = none, LBV = Lalmin B Complex Vitamins, BY = product #1064B, or EA = BGYADVANTAGE). Diets were stored for 6 months and analyzed every month for thiamin. Data were analyzed as a mixed model (SAS v. 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC) with fixed effects (vitamin premix, yeast, time, and their two-way and three-way interactions) and random effects (production day and the interaction of production day, vitamin premix, and yeast). Significance was set at P &lt; 0.05 and Fisher's LSD was used to separate means.Results and discussionDiets including the vitamin premix [average 55.1 mg/kg dry matter basis (DMB)] contained more (P &lt; 0.05) thiamin than diets that did not (average 7.5 mg/kg DMB). Inclusion of LBV (average 40.3 mg/kg DMB) resulted in the highest (P &lt; 0.05) levels of thiamin, followed by BY (P &lt; 0.05; average 26.9 mg/kg DMB). Diets with NY and EA contained the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) levels of thiamin and were not different from each other (P &gt; 0.05; average 19.3 mg/kg DMB). The diet containing vitamin premix without yeast lost (P &lt; 0.05) 17.8% thiamin while diets containing a yeast ingredient maintained thiamin levels better during storage. This suggested that thiamin from yeast ingredients was more resistant to degradation during storage and should be considered when designing new canned cat foods.