bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABUSE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: CONNECTIONS WITH ELDER ABUSE
Authors: Miller Julie , Mars Lori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Likely conservative estimates suggest that 1 in every 10 Americans aged 60+ have experienced some form of elder abuse. As theoretical understandings of abuse in general have evolved, so too have conceptualizations of abuse at different stages of the life course, including in older adulthood. Questions remain, however, about ways in which abuse experienced earlier in the life course connect with subsequent experiences with elder abuse. This symposium brings together leading researchers and practitioners to explore abuse across the life course and connections with elder abuse. The first and second presentations in the symposium center experiences of elder abuse victims, with one presentation exploring patterns of abuse victimization across the lifespan and connections with prospective health outcomes in older adulthood, and another presentation focusing on experiences of financial exploitation among Holocaust survivors. The third and fourth presentations shift the perspective to emphasize experiences of people involved in the lives of elder abuse victims, including dementia caregivers who may be at greater risk for experiencing or perpetrating abuse once caregiving obligations begin and, in another case, concerned persons in the lives of elder abuse victims. Taken together, the presentations surface new insights and questions that locate elder abuse within a life course framework and connect abuse across the life course with elder abuse in particular. The symposium will include discussions of implications for research, practice, and policy.
KEEPERS OF CONTEXT: CENTERING VOICES OF CONCERNED PERSONS IN THE LIVES OF OLDER ADULT VICTIMS
Authors: Rachmuth Lisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Older adults who experience financial exploitation and other forms of abuse often experience this abuse in isolation. However, financial exploitation and other forms of abuse can also profoundly impact another group of individuals in the lives of older adults: non-abusing family members, friends, and neighbors, referred to as “Concerned Persons” (CPs). The Concerned Person in the life of the older adult is often one of the few persons that can help identify the abuse and find resources to help the older adult move out of the abuse. Concerned Persons in the lives of older adults are sometimes secondary victims of the abuse, isolating themselves from other support networks and at times putting themselves at risk in various ways. A series of focus group conducted in 2024 focused on factors that motivated Concerned Persons in the lives of the older adult to help, how Concerned Persons can help professionals understand the older adults’ experiences with abuse across the lifespan, and how they can affect change for the older adult. Focus groups were conducted in affiliation with the Elder Abuse Helpline for Concerned Persons (the Helpline), a program at Weill Cornell Medicine. Through the Helpline, CPs are able to receive supportive counseling for themselves and referrals to ongoing services for themselves and the Older Adults who are abused. Findings from this research surface new insights that connect Concerned Persons’ experiences and attitudes with the topic of abuse across the lifespan, pointing to implications for research, policy, and practice.
PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO HEALTHY AGING
Authors: LeBrasseur Nathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The major threats to a long and healthy lifespan in humans include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease; conditions for which the risk rises exponentially with advancing age. Healthy lifestyle choices are currently the most effective strategies to delay if not prevent the onset and progression of each of these distinct conditions, which suggests that they counter the fundamental biology of aging. In this Presidential Symposium, thought leaders in nutrition (Dr. Peterson), exercise (Dr. Fielding), sleep (Dr. Carroll), and circadian rhythms (Dr. Panda) will share their insights into how lifestyle choices influence biological mechanisms and, in turn, the clinical manifestations of aging.
IMPACT OF EXERCISE/PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HEALTH SPAN: FROM MOLECULAR MECHANISMS TO FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS
Authors: Fielding Roger 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Exercise/physical activity counters the onset and progression of chronic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive decline, and cancers), geriatric syndromes (e.g., frailty), and disability, even when introduced in later-life. Advancing chronological age is associated with well characterized declines in muscle size, performance, and physical functioning across multiple species. Underlying these age-related changes are declines in the force/power generating capacity of skeletal muscle that appear to be driven by changes in skeletal muscle contractile protein function, metabolic derangements, and alterations in neuromuscular activation. Age-associated changes in muscle gene transcription, epigenetic modifications, mitochondrial stability, and anabolic capacity, all suggest that fundamental changes in aging biology are responsible for these changes. Furthermore, many of these responses have been shown to be responsive to changes in regular physical activity suggesting a putative role for exercise/physical activity on health span with aging. In my presentation, I will review the underlying mechanisms of age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and function and how changes in regular physical activity can attenuate or reverse the observed changes in mass and function that occur with advancing age with resultant improvements in health span.
PLEIOTROPIC HEALTH BENEFITS OF TIME-RESTRICTED FEEDING
Authors: Panda Satchidananda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity is driving a rapid increase in metabolic syndrome, which in turn contributes to several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and dementia. To combat this diverse set of diseases, there is an urgent need for simple yet effective measures with widespread benefits across multiple organ systems that can be implemented at a population scale. Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating (TRF or TRE) is a circadian-based dietary intervention where daily energy intake is limited to a consistent 6-12 hour window without explicitly changing the quantity of food consumed. In laboratory animals, this approach sustains circadian expression of the majority of protein-coding genes in a tissue-specific manner. When fed an obesogenic diet, TRF can mitigate metabolic disorders such as adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and gut dysbiosis. Research from various labs has also shown that this method can reduce the risk and impact of dementia and certain cancers. Genetic and multi-omics studies are beginning to uncover the extensive molecular pathways engaged during time-restricted feeding. This foundational research is likely to drive large clinical trials across diverse populations to assess the feasibility and sustainability of TRE as a population-level intervention to reduce the global burden of diseases.
CAPABLE TRANSPLANT: ADAPTATION OF CAPABLE FOR USE WITH OLDER ADULTS WITH INACTIVE STATUS AWAITING KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
Authors: Hladek Melissa , Curriero Samantha , Xue Qian-Li , Crews Deidra , DeMarco Mara McAdams , Wilson Deborah , Brennan Daniel , Szanton Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over 800,000 Americans live with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), disproportionally affecting older adults. This group represents just 1% of Medicare’s Fee for Service (FFS) population, yet utilizes greater than 7% Medicare FFS resources. Rates of kidney transplantation (KT), the preferred treatment for ESKD, have risen 5-fold for older adults since 1990 but there is vast heterogeneity in access to KT. Older adults are more likely to be listed as inactive (on the waitlist but ineligible for KT) and, inactive status is associated with a 2.2 fold increased risk of waitlist mortality compared to those that remain active. Barriers to active status are multi-factorial but frequently modifiable and include symptoms such as fatigue, depression and stress, pain as well as loss of physical function, social isolation, and decreased health literacy. Using community participatory research and human centered design, we used photos, interviews, persona development, storyboarding and focus groups to identify three barriers unique to this population around the themes of: mental fortitude, support and communication. Our CAPABLE adaptation, called CAPABLE Transplant, incorporates greater motivational and communication strategies for the person and the home as well as a robust digital literacy component to address the needs of this population. An open-label pilot phase helped to solidify all aspects of the adaptation with resulting 30-person pilot randomized control trial on-going. This presentation will focus on the human centered design adaptation process and results thus far.
AFRICAN IMMIGRANT BELIEFS AND CAREGIVER BURDEN: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE?
Authors: Nkimbeng Manka , Aswani Truphosa , Albers Elizabeth , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perceptions among African immigrants can impact caregiving for individuals with dementia and their caregivers. However, the specific beliefs and their effects on caregiving outcomes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between African immigrants’ beliefs and caregiver burden. Logistic regressions were used to explore the relationship between various beliefs (including family homecare, secretiveness about health, fear of bad news and death, facility-level care being the last resort, and preference to send someone with dementia to Africa) with caregiver burden with 155 African immigrant caregivers. The average age of a caregiver was 34 years, 30% were born in Africa, and 12% of persons living with dementia were residing in Africa. After adjusting for age, sex, place of birth, and marital status, caregivers who believed that care should be provided at home, those who viewed facility-level care as a last resort, and those who preferred to send someone with dementia to Africa showed higher odds of caregiver burden, although these associations were not statistically significant (OR 1.19, 95% CI [0.42-3.4]; OR 1.16, 95% CI [0.42-3.18]; OR 1.09, 95% CI [0.37-3.24], respectively). Although these findings were not statistically significant, the trend reveals that these African immigrant beliefs may negatively influence the care partner. Thus, there is a need for interventions that target both beliefs and poor health outcomes in Africans, an understudied research population.
DAILY PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES AND SLEEP HEALTH AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Irani Elliane , Griggs Stephanie , Chen Zhengyi , Hickman Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the reciprocal associations between daily psychological experiences and sleep health (i.e., sleep satisfaction, daytime alertness, sleep timing, efficiency, and duration) in the general population. However, little research has focused on whether these associations vary for African American family caregivers who experience unique stressors and report lower sleep satisfaction and shorter sleep duration than other groups. We investigated how daily psychological experiences, including positive and negative affect, general stress, caregiving stress, and positive experiences, impact same-night sleep in African American family caregivers, and how nightly sleep affects next-day experiences. African American family caregivers (n=31) wore a research-grade actigraphy device day/night and completed daily diaries at bedtime and waketime over 7 days. Multilevel models evaluated within-person associations between daily psychological experiences and sleep health adjusted for participants’ age, prior-day outcome, and weekend (vs. weekday). Participants in the study were mostly women (80.6%), with an average age of 58.3 years. Most participants were caring for a parent (77.4%). On days when participants reported higher-than-average prior night sleep satisfaction, they reported higher-than-average positive experiences and affect, and lower-than-average negative affect. Daytime alertness was linked to higher positive experiences and affect, and lower negative affect and general stress. Results for the reversed direction revealed that negative affect, general stress, and positive experiences predicted next-day daytime alertness. Findings support the psychological health benefits of sleep in the context of African American family caregivers’ daily life and suggest that interventions should focus on improving sleep health to enhance daily psychological experiences.
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON BRAIN PATHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE DECLINE ACROSS WOMEN AND MEN IN THE US
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Morin Brittany , Olvera Alice , Ying Gelan , Khadka Aayush , Choi Seo-Eun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Women have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) than men. Education, as a key contributor to cognitive reserve, might protect the ADRD onset. While existing evidence suggests that increased educational attainment may attenuate the negative impact of neuropathology on cognitive function, these studies focused primarily on average cognitive function, and little is known about whether education similarly attenuates the relationship between neuropathology and cognitive decline among those with high or low levels of cognitive outcomes or sex/gender. Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative sample (772 male and 627 female participants, who were cognitively normal or had mild cognitive impairment at baseline), we investigated education attainment modified the association between anatomical reduction in the brain and cognitive decline in sex-stratified models. We applied quantile regression with a three-way interaction term (education x cortical thickness x years) against 10-year cognitive function, an established specification for testing the cognitive reserve mechanism. We included a robust set of biological and contextual confounders. Primary results showed that, among males, education had attenuated the relationship between brain pathology and cognitive decline at lower levels of cognitive function distribution. Among females, education attenuates brain pathology and cognitive decline in all levels of outcome distribution with large confidence intervals. We will discuss potential explanations for differential effect modification by education on the brain pathology-cognition relationship across sex/gender and expand its implications for future research and policy/practice intervention.
NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE, FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY, AND COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG OLDER MEXICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Qin Weidi , Cavanagh Lucia , Owens Joshua , Snih Soham Al , Vega Irving 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between disability and cognitive decline, and to determine the moderating effects of neighborhood disadvantage among older Mexican Americans. Data came from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2004-2005 to 2012-2013) linked to 2010 National Neighborhood Data Archive. Older Mexican Americans without cognitive impairment at baseline were selected (n=1,189). Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Neighborhood disadvantage was created based on five census-tract indicators (e.g., % of households below poverty). Disability was indicated by a count of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) limitations. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were performed to estimate cognitive change over time, accounting for socio-demographics and health conditions. There was an average decline of 0.91 and 0.32 in the MMSE score as a function of ADL and IADL disability, respectively (p&lt;0.05). Significant interactions between ADL and IADL disability and neighborhood disadvantage were observed. Among older Mexican Americans who were exposed to higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage, ADL and IADL disability were significantly associated with faster cognitive decline. The study findings suggest that neighborhood disadvantage undermines cognitive health among older Mexican Americans who have functional disability.
CHILDHOOD ROOTS OF FRAILTY: MACHINE LEARNING INSIGHTS INTO HEALTH INEQUALITY IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Huo Shutong , Gill Thomas , Chen Xi , Feng Derek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of childhood circumstances on health inequality in later life, with a particular emphasis on frailty among older adults in the United States, highlighting the significance of early life historical and social factors. We employed data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), incorporating the 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 waves along with the 2015 Life History Mail Survey (LHMS). Using innovative conditional inference trees and forests, we evaluated 43 distinct childhood factors and their contribution to the Inequality of Opportunity (IOP) in health outcomes. The circumstances in both countries can be divided into seven domains: 1) war or economic crisis at birth; 2) regional and urban/rural status at birth; 3) family SES in childhood; 4) parental health status and health behaviors in childhood; 5) health and nutritional status in childhood; 6) relationship with parents in childhood; 7) friendship in childhood. We found that key early-life predictors identified include experiencing the Great Depression, adverse childhood events, socioeconomic status, and access to educational resources, all of which play critical roles in determining frailty in older adults. The machine learning models, particularly conditional inference forests, significantly outperform traditional analytical methods in predicting health inequality, with the best out-of-sample performance. The findings demonstrate the importance of early-life circumstances in shaping later health outcomes and stress the early-life interventions for health equity in aging societies.
CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES ON THE MAINTENANCE OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN LATE LIFE
Authors: Huxhold Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Being socially integrated is essential for maintaining health and well-being in late adulthood. Although life course sociology and lifespan psychology have emphasized the influence of contextual conditions on different aspects of social integration for a long time, the majority of studies on social relationships in late life have focused on differences at the individual level. To address this shortcoming, this symposium presents a number of complementary perspectives on macro- and meso-level influences on late-life social development. To this end, Webster presents an analysis that details how meso-level resources integrated into the individual’s social network enhance the individual’s likelihood of volunteering. Following this presentation, Brandt and colleagues report on societal differences across European countries in a comprehensive index of social integration and relate these differences to well-being in late adulthood. Considering short-term changes in societal conditions, Klasen and colleagues present a theoretical model that details concrete pathways by which societal crises may impact social relationships. Finally, Suanet and colleagues investigate long-term societal changes and report on cohort and socio-structural differences in age-related changes in positive and negative social exchanges. Overall, the symposium offers a comprehensive view of societal and socio-structural influences on social integration. The talks combine new theoretical perspectives with sophisticated analyses and provide new insights into contextual factors in late life that are relevant for the development of targeted social interventions.
THE LINK BETWEEN EDUCATION WITHIN SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VOLUNTEERING
Authors: Webster Noah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Volunteering serves as a critical source of social integration in later life and also is a well-known health promoting activity. It is therefore important to continue exploring unidentified barriers and facilitators of volunteering. Both higher education and social networks (e.g., decreasing network proximity) have been linked with volunteering. No research though has explored how educational resources embedded in older adults’ social networks may facilitate this activity. In this study, we examine the association between average social network education and odds of volunteering among older adults. Respondents age 60 and older who participated in Wave 3 (2015) of the longitudinal Social Relations Study based in Metro Detroit were selected for analysis (n=342). During interviews, when asked to identify social network members, respondents were also asked to report the education of up to the first 10. Forty-one percent of respondents reported volunteering in the past year. Controlling for respondents’ own education as well as other demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status), higher average social network education was significantly associated with greater odds of volunteering. In a regression model without average social network education, individual education was significantly associated with greater odds of volunteering, but this effect was no longer significant after network education was added to the model. Findings highlight that educational resources, often viewed as an indicator of macro-level socio-economic status, when embedded in social networks plays a greater role in facilitating volunteering than at the individual-level. This suggests a potential new pathway for intervention to increase volunteering in later life.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIETAL CRISES ON SOCIAL INTEGRATION
Authors: Klasen Lisa , Buenning Mareike , Kelle Nadiya , Huxhold Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Societal crises have profound effects on various life domains. So far, the literature has focused on the effects of crises on financial security or health. Effects on social integration, i.e., social relationships and social participation, have received little attention, despite of their relevance for physical and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic brought this topic to the forefront of the scientific and societal debate. However, to date no theoretical framework has been developed that captures the breadth and long-term influence of societal crisis on social integration. This presentation introduces a new theoretical framework – the DIRe-Crises-Model – for analyzing the effects of social crises on social integration, building on the Differential Investment of Resources (DIRe) Model. According to the DIRe-Crises-Model, crises influence social integration via four pathways by: a) limiting the time and energy that can be invested in social relationships, b) restricting the social opportunity structure, c) influencing individual characteristics essential for resource investment, and d) influencing the effects of social relationships (e.g., changes in the experience of loneliness). Dynamic components in the model allow to derive hypotheses on the long-term development of the different effects pathways of crises on social integration. Moreover, social inequalities can moderate the effects of the different pathways of crisis on social integration. The DIRe-Crises-Model as a theoretical framework has the potential to guide empirical analysis on the effects of any given societal crisis on social integration. As such, the framework may help to manage future crises, for example, by stimulating targeted interventions.