bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin–orbit configuration interaction study of spectral properties of PbO
Authors: Ramirez Gerardo , Sunga Felizsa , Tilson Jeffrey L , Ermler Walter C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Relativistic calculations of the structural and spectral properties of the PbO molecule can provide fundamental information about the importance of a proper treatment of angular momentum coupling among electrons in order to achieve accurate computational results for spectral properties. Specifically, the nature of these couplings in PbO is expected to be intermediate between the LS- and jj-coupling limits because of its light/heavy element composition. This article reports potential energy curves, transition energies, electric dipole transition moments, permanent dipole moments and spectroscopic constants of PbO calculated using a multireference single plus double excitations spin–orbit configuration interaction approach in the context of relativistic effective core potentials and their concomitant spin–orbit coupling operators. The calculated results are in general agreement with both available experimental results as well as earlier calculations. New values for properties of excited states are also reported. It is noteworthy that certain properties show larger deviations from previous calculations. These deviations are attributed to direct and indirect relativistic effects resulting from diatomic electron–electron angular momentum coupling effects, which are included consistently in the calculations reported herein.
A software-based approach for calculating spatially resolved radiation exposure for structural radiation protection in nuclear medical imaging
Authors: Schwan Stefan , Khezami Arbia , Hohnholz Janina , Lerche Christoph , Shah N Jon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of the work described is the development of a software tool to provide the calculation routines for structural radiation protection from positron and gamma emitters, for example, 18F. The calculation of the generated local annual dose in the vicinity of these radioactive sources supports the engineering of structural measures necessary to meet regulatory guidelines. In addition to accuracy and precision, a visual and intuitive presentation of the calculation results enables fast evaluation. Finally, the calculated results are presented in a contour plot for design, evaluation, and documentation purposes. A python program was used to provide the calculation routines for structural radiation protection. For simplicity, the radiating sources can be considered as point sources. The attenuation of structural elements can be specified or, in the case of lead, calculated by virtue of its thickness. The calculated attenuation for the lead shielding is always slightly underestimated, which leads to a marginally higher calculated local dose rate than would be physically present. With the conservatively determined value, the structural radiation protection can be optimised in accordance with the general rule of as low as reasonably achievable. The pointwise comparison between the software results and the standard procedure for calculating the dose of points in space leads to similar values. In comparison with the general approach of calculating single representative points in the radiation protection area, the visual and intuitive presentation of the results supports the design and documentation of the measures required for structural radiation protection. In the present version of the software, the local dose rate and local annual dose are overestimated by a maximum of 4.5% in the case of lead shields. The proposed software, termed RadSoft, was successfully used to develop the structural radiation protection of a controlled area for hybrid magnetic resonance - positron emission tomography imaging, with the focus herein being on the requirements for PET.
Calibration of multicomponent force and moment transducers using uniaxial force standard machines integrated with tilted plates
Authors: Prato Andrea , Borgiattino Davide , Facello Alessio , Mazzoleni Fabrizio , Germak Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Traceability of multicomponent force and moment transducers (MCFMTs) is a metrological priority as stated within the document of future strategy 2017–2027 of the Consultative Committee of Mass and Related Quantities of Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). In this paper, a calibration system using force standard machines (FSMs) integrated with tilted plates is described. The main advantage of this method is the possibility to apply force and moment components using existing uniaxial FSMs without the necessity to modify them or to develop specific ones. On the other hand, force and moment components cannot be fully independently applied. Expanded uncertainties of the applied side forces and moments are in the order of around 5%, acceptable for several industrial applications. A procedure for the calibration and the uncertainty assessment of MCFMTs is also provided. Calibration results, in terms of main and cross-talk sensitivities, of a six-components transducer are shown. This method is easily implementable and can be adopted to improve the current standard.
Correlation clustering for robust gas recognition under mixed interference
Authors: Yang Mingzhi , Peng Cheng , Li Xiangyu , Zheng Yangong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gas recognition by electronic noses under mixed interference is a challenging problem. We propose correlation analysis for robust gas recognition by calculating the similarity of signals between target gases and mixtures. The gas sensing datasets were clustered according to the values of correlation coefficients with the target gases. The correlation analysis outperformed neural networks and other clustering algorithms on robust gas recognition under mixed interference. The correlation analysis maintained 100% accuracy even with a response change of about 40% up to an interference ratio of 13%. The excellent performance of correlation analysis can be ascribed to its powerful capacity for measuring the similarity between signals via relative variation. Correlation analysis is suggested to be a robust clustering algorithm for gas recognition.
Structural damage detection based on decision-level fusion with multi-vibration signals
Authors: Zhang Jiqiao , Jin Zihan , Teng Shuai , Chen Gongfa , Bassir David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When a structure is damaged, its vibration signals change. If a single vibration signal is used for structural damage detection (SDD), it may sometimes lead to low detection accuracy. To avoid this phenomenon, this paper presents a SDD method based on decision-level fusion (DLF) with multi-vibration signals. In this study, acceleration (ACC), strain (E), displacement (DIS), and the fusion signal of all three of these signals (ACC, E and DIS), are studied. The damage information can be extracted from the vibration signal of a structure by using convolution neural networks (CNN). The above four vibration signals are used as the inputs to train four CNN models, and each model outputs a corresponding result. Finally, a DLF strategy is used to fuse the detection results of each CNN. To demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method, a steel frame bridge is investigated with numerical simulations and vibration experiments. The research shows that the damage detection method based on DLF with multi-vibration signals can effectively improve the accuracy of the CNN damage detection.
Multisource cross-domain fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on subdomain adaptation network
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Huang Wentao , Chen Yi , Jiang Yunchuan , Peng Gaoliang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The excellent performance of current intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning is attributed to the availability of large amounts of labeled data. However, in practical bearing fault diagnosis, the high cost of large sample data and changes in operating conditions lead to the scarcity of available training data, which limits the engineering application of intelligent bearing fault diagnosis. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a cross-domain fault diagnosis method based on multisource subdomain adaptation networks (MSDAN). First, the data from multiple source domains are simultaneously input to a shared feature extractor composed of a one-dimensional residual network. Then, the private feature extractor is used to learn features from different source domains and reduce the domain shifts of each source and target domain using the local maximum mean discrepancy. Finally, the different classifier outputs of the target domain samples are aligned. The highlight of MSDAN is to obtain diagnostic knowledge from multiple source domains and further divide the subdomains using the categories as criteria, which not only aligns the global distribution of the source and target domain but also performs a more refined subdomain alignment. The method effectively alleviates the negative transfer phenomenon caused by insufficient domain alignment in multisource transfer diagnosis. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed MSDAN method are verified by constructing seven multisource transfer tasks with two bearing fault diagnosis cases, including cross-operating-condition and cross-machine.
Advanced supercritical fluid technique to reduce amorphous silicon defects in heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Chou Sheng-Yao , Lin Shih-Kai , Chang Ting-Chang , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Huang Jen-Wei , Chen Shih-Wei , Shen Chang-Hong , Shieh Jia-Min , Lin Chao-Cheng , Yang Chih-Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The advanced supercritical fluid (SCF) technique was applied to reduce defects in the amorphous silicon thin-film layer and enhance the efficiency of a heterojunction (HJT) solar cell from 18.1% to 19.6%. An amorphous silicon thin-film layer has been used as a passivation layer between the substrate and electrode contact in HJT solar cells; however, many dangling bonds exist in the amorphous silicon thin-film layer. Therefore, the SCF technique was developed to passivate defects. The advantage of a supercritical state is high penetrability and low temperature. Thus, this SCF treatment can passivate defects in the completed device without changing the original fabrication process. After treatment, the passivation of dangling bonds was examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the improved Si–H bonding. Moreover, electrical properties such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit density, efficiency, shunt resistance, and leakage current were measured to confirm the enhancement. A simulated light source of 1 kW M−2 global AM1.5 spectrum was used to analyze the increase in cell efficiency, and the dark current was analyzed to confirm the leakage current improvement. Finally, a model for explaining the phenomenon in cells after treatment was developed.
High-energy Q-switched Nd:YAG oscillator and amplifier development for large-mode, low-alignment sensitivity applications
Authors: Coney Alexander T , Beecher Stephen , Damzen Michael J , Elder Ian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High pulse energy, low-alignment sensitivity master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) systems enable portable long range laser devices. Comprehensive amplifier modelling is an essential tool in producing efficient, optimised amplfication capable of producing high pulse energies. This paper outlines the development of a large-mode, low-alignment sensitivity neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) (MOPA) system, achieving a total output pulse energy of 265 mJ with an optical efficiency of 18%. A Q-switched diode-pumped Nd:YAG zig-zag oscillator is developed with an output pulse energy of 98 mJ and slope efficiency of 31%. Through the use of an intracavity aperture, the beam quality exhibited an M2 of 4.3 and 4.6 and far field divergence of 1.3 mrad and 1.2 mrad in the horizontal and vertical, respectively. The oscillator output is amplified within a diode-pumped Nd:YAG zig-zag amplifier with a system amplification of 2.8. Comprehensive amplifier modelling based on a Frantz-Nodvik analysis is demonstrated, with the saturation characteristics suggesting a route to further energy enhancement and highlighting the necessity for amplifier modelling in high energy system design.
Spin activity correlations in driven disordered systems
Authors: Spasojević Djordje , Radić Sonja , Jovković Dragutin , Janićević Sanja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the spatio-temporal correlations in the spin flipping activities of the disordered systems realized within the frame of the field-driven three-dimensional zero-temperature nonequilibrium random field Ising model. Our results for the spatial activity correlations reveal that the rate-dependent scaling holds in the full range of rate regimes provided that the system parameters satisfy the finite-size and rate-dependent scaling conditions. Temporal activity correlations show high sensitivity to the driving, allowing the collapsing of waiting time distributions only in the limit of slow driving rates. These findings, based on extensive numerical simulations of large systems, reliably demonstrate the observed behavior and could be relevant for studies on various, particularly experimental, nonequilibrium systems driven at finite rates.
Red fluorescent BODIPY molecular rotor for high microviscosity environments
Authors: Maleckaitė Karolina , Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė Jelena , Žilėnaitė Rugilė , Tumkevičius Sigitas , Vyšniauskas Aurimas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microviscosity has a strong impact for diffusion-controlled processes in biological environments. BODIPY molecular rotors are viscosity-sensitive fluorophores that provide a simple and non-invasive way to visualise microviscosity. Although green fluorescent probes are already well developed for imaging, thick biological samples require longer wavelengths for investigation. This work focuses on the examination of novel β-substituted meso-phenyl-BODIPYs possessing a red emission. We report a new red fluorescent BODIPY-based probe BP-Vinyl-NO2 suitable for sensing microviscosity in rigid environments of over 100 000 cP viscosities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changing the methyl position from ortho to meta on the β-phenyl-substituted conjugate BP-PH-m2M-NO2 redshifts absorbance and fluorescence spectra while maintaining viscosity sensitivity. Finally, we show that nitro-substitution of meso-phenyl is a versatile approach to improve the sensitivity to viscosity while suppressing sensitivity to polarity and temperature of such derivatives. In summary, we present two nitro-substituted red fluorescent probes that could be used as lifetime-based microviscosity sensors.
Determinants of cost of capital in the electricity sector
Authors: Steffen Bjarne , Waidelich Paul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the electricity sector, the cost of capital (CoC) has a major impact on the competitiveness of different technologies and on overall electricity system cost. While the awareness of CoC differences between countries and technologies has increased over the past years, the understanding of the underlying drivers for these differences remains limited. In this Perspective, we present a systematic review of the literature on CoC determinants, aggregating conceptual and empirical insights from 43 academic articles. Based on the review, we then develop a holistic framework of CoC determinants on four hierarchical levels. Particularly, our framework highlights the importance of technology level drivers for the CoC, and of less-noted CoC drivers on the financial sector level. In addition, it illustrates that CoC drivers differ between corporate finance and project finance structures, and that they interact with determinants on different levels through multiple feedback channels. Drawing on our findings, we argue that policy decisions can strongly influence the CoC of energy projects, though any potential intervention to alter the CoC needs to consider all relevant determinants across sectors and policy domains. Researchers can support policymakers by addressing research gaps concerning CoC determinants in developing countries and the grid sector, and by further quantifying the effects of CoC determinants and their interactions.
Review of electrofuel feasibility—cost and environmental impact
Authors: Grahn Maria , Malmgren Elin , Korberg Andrei D , Taljegard Maria , Anderson James E , Brynolf Selma , Hansson Julia , Skov Iva Ridjan , Wallington Timothy J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Electrofuels, fuels produced from electricity, water, and carbon or nitrogen, are of interest as substitutes for fossil fuels in all energy and chemical sectors. This paper focuses on electrofuels for transportation, where some can be used in existing vehicle/vessel/aircraft fleets and fueling infrastructure. The aim of this study is to review publications on electrofuels and summarize costs and environmental performance. A special case, denoted as bio-electrofuels, involves hydrogen supplementing existing biomethane production (e.g. anaerobic digestion) to generate additional or different fuels. We use costs, identified in the literature, to calculate harmonized production costs for a range of electrofuels and bio-electrofuels. Results from the harmonized calculations show that bio-electrofuels generally have lower costs than electrofuels produced using captured carbon. Lowest costs are found for liquefied bio-electro-methane, bio-electro-methanol, and bio-electro-dimethyl ether. The highest cost is for electro-jet fuel. All analyzed fuels have the potential for long-term production costs in the range 90–160 € MWh−1. Dominant factors impacting production costs are electrolyzer and electricity costs, the latter connected to capacity factors (CFs) and cost for hydrogen storage. Electrofuel production costs also depend on regional conditions for renewable electricity generation, which are analyzed in sensitivity analyses using corresponding CFs in four European regions. Results show a production cost range for electro-methanol of 76–118 € MWh−1 depending on scenario and region assuming an electrolyzer CAPEX of 300–450 € kWelec
−1 and CFs of 45%–65%. Lowest production costs are found in regions with good conditions for renewable electricity, such as Ireland and western Spain. The choice of system boundary has a large impact on the environmental assessments. The literature is not consistent regarding the environmental impact from different CO2 sources. The literature, however, points to the fact that renewable energy sources are required to achieve low global warming impact over the electrofuel life cycle.
Heat exposure and resilience planning in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Muse Nkosi , Iwaniec David M , Wyczalkowski Chris , Mach Katharine J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The City of Atlanta, Georgia, is a fast-growing urban area with substantial economic and racial inequalities, subject to the impacts of climate change and intensifying heat extremes. Here, we analyze the magnitude, distribution, and predictors of heat exposure across the City of Atlanta, within the boundaries of Fulton County. Additionally, we evaluate the extent to which identified heat exposure is addressed in Atlanta climate resilience governance. First, land surface temperature (LST) was mapped to identify the spatial patterns of heat exposure, and potential socioeconomic and biophysical predictors of heat exposure were assessed. Second, government and city planning documents and policies were analyzed to assess whether the identified heat exposure and risks are addressed in Atlanta climate resilience planning. The average LST of Atlanta’s 305 block groups ranges from 23.7 °C (low heat exposure) in vegetated areas to 31.5 °C (high heat exposure) in developed areas across 13 summer days used to evaluate the spatial patterns of heat exposure (June–August, 2013–2019). In contrast to nationwide patterns, census block groups with larger historically marginalized populations (predominantly Black, less education, lower income) outside of Atlanta’s urban core display weaker relationships with LST (slopes ≈ 0) and are among the cooler regions of the city. Climate governance analysis revealed that although there are few strategies for heat resilience in Atlanta (n = 12), the majority are focused on the city’s warmest region, the urban core, characterized by the city’s largest extent of impervious surface. These strategies prioritize protecting and expanding the city’s urban tree canopy, which has kept most of Atlanta’s marginalized communities under lower levels of outdoor heat exposure. Such a tree canopy can serve as an example of heat resilience for many cities across the United States and the globe.
1080 NURSES’ PREFERENCE FOR TOOLS TO IDENTIFY FRAILTY IN MAJOR TRAUMA PATIENTS: FINDINGS FROM THE FRAIL-T IN MAJOR TRAUMA STUDY
Authors: Jarman H , Crouch R , Baxter M , Wang C , Cole E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Early assessment of frailty in older major trauma patients is important to providing appropriate care that goes beyond chronological age. Guidance exists that this assessment should be completed as early as possible in the Emergency Department (ED). To increase rates of frailty screening in this group the measurement tool needs to be quick to complete and easy to use. This study aimed to ascertain the preference of nursing staff completing frailty assessment in older major trauma patients in the ED.

Method
This prospective multi-centre study recruited from five UK MTCs between June 2019 and March 2020. Eligible patients were aged 65 or over requiring ‘trauma team activation’ and admitted to hospital. Patients were assessed for frailty by nurses trained to use three different frailty screening tools—the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), the PRISMA-7 tool, and the Trauma Specific Frailty Index (TSFI). Completion rates for each of the tools were calculated and nurses were asked to rate their preference for each of the tools and the reasons for non-completion if relevant.

Results
Data were analysed from 370 patients. Completion rates for each of the tools varied with highest degree of compliance using the CFS (98.9%). TSFI was least likely to be completed with ‘lack of available information to complete questions’ as the most cited reason. Nurses showed a clear preference for the CFS with 57.3% ranking this as first choice (PRISMA-7 32.16%; TSFI 10.54%). Both PRISMA-7 and CFS were both rated highly as ‘extremely easy to complete’ (PRISMA-7 58.5%, CFS 59.61%).

Conclusion
User acceptability is an important consideration in the selection of a frailty measurement tool for use in major trauma patients. Our study shows the Clinical Frailty Scale has high rates of completion and acceptability and can be implemented in practice for assessment of frailty in major trauma.