bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, development, and evaluation of a virtual reality game-based application to support computational thinking
Authors: Agbo Friday Joseph , Oyelere Solomon Sunday , Suhonen Jarkko , Tukiainen Markku 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComputational thinking (CT) has become an essential skill nowadays. For young students, CT competency is required to prepare them for future jobs. This competency can facilitate students’ understanding of programming knowledge which has been a challenge for many novices pursuing a computer science degree. This study focuses on designing and implementing a virtual reality (VR) game-based application (iThinkSmart) to support CT knowledge. The study followed the design science research methodology to design, implement, and evaluate the first prototype of the VR application. An initial evaluation of the prototype was conducted with 47 computer science students from a Nigerian university who voluntarily participated in an experimental process. To determine what works and what needs to be improved in the iThinkSmart VR game-based application, two groups were randomly formed, consisting of the experimental (n = 21) and the control (n = 26) groups respectively. Our findings suggest that VR increases motivation and therefore increase students’ CT skills, which contribute to knowledge regarding the affordances of VR in education and particularly provide evidence on the use of visualization of CT concepts to facilitate programming education. Furthermore, the study revealed that immersion, interaction, and engagement in a VR educational application can promote students’ CT competency in higher education institutions (HEI). In addition, it was shown that students who played the iThinkSmart VR game-based application gained higher cognitive benefits, increased interest and attitude to learning CT concepts. Although further investigation is required in order to gain more insights into students learning process, this study made significant contributions in positioning CT in the HEI context and provides empirical evidence regarding the use of educational VR mini games to support students learning achievements.
An extractive bioeconomy? Phosphate mining, fertilizer commodity chains, and alternative technologies
Authors: Anlauf Axel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVarious bioeconomy strategies seek to replace fossil resources with renewable agrarian resources without departing from the agro-industrial model. Paradoxically, industrial agriculture is an extractive system itself, dependent on the constant supply of mineral resources to replace the nutrients extracted from the soil. This article analyses the evolution of nutrient flows in this system from a historical-theoretical perspective and focuses specifically on the nutrient phosphorus, derived from the raw material phosphate rock. Classified as a “low-cost bulk commodity” for decades, since 2007 phosphate rock has become a strategic resource in the context of the crisis of cheap nutrient supply (2007–2013), a period of unusually high fertilizer prices. By analyzing state and private actor strategies in Germany and Brazil to adapt to this new situation, it becomes clear that the control over flows of phosphorous is increasingly contested. This article argues that bioeconomy strategies are aggravating existing conflicts over phosphate supply, as well as global inequalities, which inter alia become evident in food crises. Technological innovations, which are promoted within bioeconomy strategies, only reduce the extractive character of industrial agriculture in a limited way, while they are securing the interests of dominant actors.
Measuring emotions in mathematics: the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire—Mathematics (AEQ-M)
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Goetz Thomas , Yanagida Takuya , Botes Elouise , Frenzel Anne C. , Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the structure, antecedents, and outcomes of students’ emotions has become a topic of major interest in research on mathematics education. Much of this work is based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire—Mathematics (AEQ-M), a self-report instrument assessing students’ mathematics-related emotions. The AEQ-M measures seven emotions (enjoyment, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, boredom) across class, learning, and test contexts (internal structure). Based on control-value theory, it is assumed that these emotions are evoked by control and value appraisals, and that they influence students’ motivation, learning strategies, and performance (external relations). Despite the popularity and frequent use of the AEQ-M, the research leading to its development has never been published, creating uncertainty about the validity of the proposed internal structure and external relations. We close this gap in Study 1 (N = 781 students, Grades 5–10, mean age 14.1 years, 53.5% female) by demonstrating that emotions are organized across contexts and linked to their proposed antecedents and outcomes. Study 2 (N = 699 students, Grade 7 and 9, mean age 14.0 years, 56.9% female) addresses another deficit in research on the AEQ-M, the lack of evidence regarding the assumption that emotions represent sets of interrelated affective, cognitive, motivational, and physiological/expressive components. We close this gap by evaluating extended AEQ-M scales, systematically assessing these components for five core mathematics emotions (enjoyment, anger, anxiety, hopelessness, boredom). Our work provides solid grounds for future research using the AEQ-M to assess emotions and their components in the domain of mathematics.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Rhizobacteria
Authors: Riseh Roohallah Saberi , Vazvani Mozhgan Gholizadeh , Hajabdollahi Najmeh , Thakur Vijay Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heavy elements accumulate rapidly in the soil due to industrial activities and the industrial revolution, which significantly impact the morphology, physiology, and yield of crops. Heavy metal contamination will eventually affect the plant tolerance threshold and cause changes in the plant genome and genetic structure. Changes in the plant genome lead to changes in encoded proteins and protein sequences. Consuming these mutated products can seriously affect human and animal health. Bioremediation is a process that can be applied to reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals in the soil. In this regard, bioremediation using plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) as beneficial living agents can help to neutralize the negative interaction between the plant and the heavy metals. PGPRs suppress the adverse effects of heavy metals and the negative interaction of plant-heavy elements by different mechanisms such as biological adsorption and entrapment of heavy elements in extracellular capsules, reduction of metal ion concentration, and formation of complexes with metal ions inside the cell.
A monograph of the African and Madagascan species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Griffiths Megan , Ralimanana Hélène , Rakotonasolo Franck , Larridon Isabel 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCyperus sect. Incurvi (Cyperaceae) contains 31 species worldwide, with important continental radiations in Australasia, Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and the Neotropics. Here, a monograph of the African and Madagascan species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi is presented, including descriptions, illustrations, synonymy, notes on habitat and ecology, geographic distribution ranges and conservation assessments. Our results identify eight species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi endemic to Madagascar, and a further three species native to Tropical Africa. Seven species of Cyperus sect. Incurvi have been typified herein. Six rare Madagascan endemics are assessed as threatened with extinction.
Multi-labeling with topic models for searching security information
Authors: Osada Yuki , Nagasawa Ryusei , Shiraishi Yoshiaki , Takita Makoto , Furumoto Keisuke , Takahashi Takeshi , Mohri Masami , Morii Masakatu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Security information such as threat information and vulnerability information are utilized to analyze cyberattacks. If specific keywords such as the name of malware related to the event to be analyzed are known in advance, it is possible to obtain information using typical search engines. However, when a security operator cannot recall appropriate keywords related to the event to be analyzed, or when a commonly recognized identifier does not exist, a general search engine cannot be expected to produce useful results. In this paper, we propose a method using topic models and outlier detection to generate multi-labels for search, with the goal of constructing a search engine that can present relevant security information even in such situations. In addition, this paper discusses the application of the proposed method to 2386 security reports issued from 2017 to 2019 to demonstrate that the labeling can be focused on specific topics.
Fever without a source in children: international comparison of guidelines
Authors: Graaf Sanne , Keuning Maya Wietske , Pajkrt Dasja , Plötz Frans Berend 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Fever without a source (FWS) in children poses a diagnostic challenge. To distinguish a self-limiting infection from a serious infection, multiple guidelines have been developed to aid physicians in the management of FWS. Currently, there is no comparison of existing FWS guidelines.

Methods
This comparative review describes consistencies and differences in guideline definitions and diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. A literature search was performed to include secondary care FWS guidelines of high-income countries, composed by national or regional pediatric or emergency care associations, available in English or Dutch.

Results
Ten guidelines of five high-income countries were included, with varying age ranges of children with FWS. In children younger than one month with FWS, the majority of the guidelines recommended laboratory testing, blood and urine culturing and antibiotic treatment irrespective of the clinical condition of the patient. Recommendations for blood culture and antibiotic treatment varied for children aged 1–3 months. In children aged above three months, urine culture recommendations were inconsistent, while all guidelines consistently recommended cerebral spinal fluid testing and antibiotic treatment exclusively for children with a high risk of serious infection.

Conclusions
We found these guidelines broadly consistent, especially for children with FWS younger than one month. Guideline variation was seen most in the targeted age ranges and in recommendations for children aged 1–3 months and above three months of age. The findings of the current study can assist in harmonizing guideline development and future research for the management of children with FWS.
Application of digital rock technology for formation damage evaluation in tight sandstone reservoir
Authors: Xiong Zhao , Wang Guanqun , Zhang Yuguang , Cheng Haoran , Chen Feifei , Long Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFormation damage is a common phenomenon and is impaired to the reservoir by reducing the productivity. Formation damage is usually caused by solids plugging, clay swelling, saturation changes, etc., and fracturing fluids with a series of chemical additives are pumped into the well for production enhancement. It is difficult to optimize the fracture fluids and well shut-in time due to lack of fundamental understandings. Currently, little research has been done to investigate the mechanisms of formation damage at the pore scale. In this study, a combination of digital rock technology and core sample laboratory soaking experiments is used to evaluate the formation damages for different fracture fluids in tight sandstone reservoir. Three core samples from a full-diameter core are soaked in three different fracture fluids (surfactant, polymer, and gel) for eight different durations (from 2 h to 15d) to simulate well shut-in process. The samples in various soak times are scanned by X-ray micro-computer tomography (Micro-CT) to obtain the 3D images of the true geometry. The images are then compared to optimize the fracture fluids and quantify the damage degree after various well shut-in times. Then, displacement processes are simulated using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to evaluate the residual oil saturations and optimize the well shut-in time. The study suggests that the well shut-in process can cause irreversible damage to tight sandstone reservoir even for optimized fracture fluid. In the initial shut-in stages, clays swelling dominates pore structure alteration and reduces the porosity. Calcite will dissolute after which lead to slight porosity increase. In the flowback process after well shut-in, the simulated residual oil saturation will decrease initially and then increase after, which is complied with the porosity variation. The digital rock technology combined with the soaking experiments will provide alternative method for the evaluation of formation damage and the optimization of well shut-in time in tight sandstone reservoir, which can guide the selection of the fracture fluids and onsite fracturing operation.
Reinforcing nature-based solutions through tools providing social-ecological-technological integration
Authors: Wellmann Thilo , Andersson Erik , Knapp Sonja , Lausch Angela , Palliwoda Julia , Priess Jörg , Scheuer Sebastian , Haase Dagmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile held to be a means for climate change adaptation and mitigation, nature-based solutions (NbS) themselves are vulnerable to climate change. To find ways of compensating for this vulnerability we combine a focused literature review on how information technology has been used to strengthen positive social–ecological–technological feedback, with the development of a prototype decision-support tool. Guided by the literature review, the tool integrates recent advances in using globally available remote sensing data to elicit information on functional diversity and ecosystem service provisioning with information on human service demand and population vulnerability. When combined, these variables can inform climate change adaptation strategies grounded in local social–ecological realities. This type of integrated monitoring and packaging information to be actionable have potential to support NbS management and local knowledge building for context-tailored solutions to societal challenges in urban environments.
Numerical investigation of two models of nonlinear fractional reaction subdiffusion equations
Authors: Osman Sheelan , Langlands Trevor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider new numerical schemes to solve two different systems of nonlinear fractional reaction subdiffusion equations. These systems of equations model the reversible reaction $$A+B \rightleftharpoons C$$

A
+
B
⇌
C

in the presence of anomalous subdiffusion. The first model is based on the Henry & Wearne [1] model where the reaction term is added to the subdiffusion equation. The second model is based on the model by Angstmann, Donnelly & Henry [2] which involves a modified fractional differential operator. For both models the Keller Box method [3] along with a modified L1 scheme (ML1), adapted from the Oldham and Spanier L1 scheme [4], are used to approximate the spatial and fractional derivatives respectively. Numerical prediction of both models were compared for a number of examples given the same initial and boundary conditions and the same anomalous exponents. From the results, we see similar short time behaviour for both models predicted. However for long times the solution of the second model remains positive whilst the Henry & Wearne based–model predictions may become negative.
Ti4+-incorporated fluorite-structured high-entropy oxide (Ce,Hf,Y,Pr,Gd)O2−δ: Optimizing preparation and CMAS corrosion behavior
Authors: Cheng Fuhao , Zhang Fengnian , Liu Yufeng , Guo Meng , Cheng Chufei , Hou Jiadong , Miao Yang , Gao Feng , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with excellent chemical resistance and good high-temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next-generation turbine engines. In this work, a new type of high-entropy fluorite-structured oxide (Ce0.2Hf0.2Y0.2Pr0.2Gd0.2)O2−δ (HEFO-1) with different Ti4+ contents were successfully synthesized. Minor addition of Ti4+ could be dissolved into a high-entropy lattice to maintain the structure stable, effectively reducing the phase formation temperature and promoting the shrinkage of bulk samples. Heat treatment experiments showed that all the samples remained a single phase after annealing at 1200–1600 °C for 6 h. In addition, high-entropy (Ce0.2Hf0.2Y0.2Pr0.2Gd0.2Ti0.2x)O2−δ demonstrated great resistance to calcium—magnesium—alumina—silicate (CMAS) thermochemical corrosion. When the content of Ti was increased to x = 0.5, the average thickness of the reaction layer was about 10.5 after being corroded at 1300 °C for 10 h. This study reveals that high-entropy (Ce0.2Hf0.2Y0.2Pr0.2Gd0.2Ti0.2x)O2−δ is expected to be a candidate for the next-generation EBC materials with graceful resistance to CMAS corrosion.
Analysing metaphorical pebbles in English RE
Authors: Smalley Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is a critical analysis of the use of metaphors in English Religious Education (RE). It is grounded in the educational theory of Anna Sfard (a professor of Mathematics) who has written about learning metaphors, before considering some of the metaphoric language used in English education generally and RE specifically. It will examine carefully at how the metaphors implicit within the Commission on RE Report might help us interpret it, considering particularly the National Entitlement and note the changes to these metaphors in the newly adapted national entitlement in the REC Worldviews’ Project Draft Handbook. It will then turn (metaphorically) to the Research Review into RE from Ofsted and examine some aspects of that through metaphorical lenses. It will consider the metaphors inherent in Ofsted’s Deep Dive methodology, the work of Fordham, Counsell and the Early Career Framework and Core Content framework materials. The paper will conclude with some thoughts about RE as a subject discourse, suggesting that RE continues to have an identity crisis, which is not helped by a disciplinary, or a worldview, approach.
Botulinum Toxin a for Provoked Vestibulodynia: 12 Months’ Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haraldson Philip , Mühlrad Hanna , Heddini Ulrika , Nilsson Kent , Bohm-Starke Nina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundProvoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a common pain disorder afflicting primarily young women, and botulinum toxin A (BTA) has been to a limited extent tested as a treatment.AimEvaluate outcome 12 months after injection with BTA as a treatment for PVD.MethodsWe conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of twice repeated injections of 50 units of BTA or placebo in the bulbocavernosus muscles, 3 months apart, in women with PVD. Treatment outcome after six months’, failed to show any significant difference in pain reduction between the groups, as previously reported. Here, we report treatment outcomes 12 months after the first injections. In addition to injections, participants where instructed to perform pelvic floor exercises during month 6-12. 38 participants/group was calculated to achieve a statistical power of 80% based on an effect size of 20 VAS units (mean score range 56-76±31 SD).OutcomesPrimary outcome was self-reported dyspareunia or pain at tampon use, using a visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-100. Secondary outcomes were vaginal pressure measurements, psychological health, sexual function and distress.ResultsFrom the initial 88 randomized women with PVD, 75 remained at 12 months; 38 in the BTA and 37 in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in primary outcome between the groups. Vaginal pressure in the BTA group had been restored to pre-treatment levels, with no differences between the groups at 12 months. There was an increase in sexual function in the BTA group, with a Female Sexual Function Index of 22.8 (±4.8) compared to the placebo group to 19.7 (±5.0), P=.048. No differences were observed in sexual distress, stress and anxiety. There was an increase in number of women attempting intercourse in the BTA group (74%) compared with placebo (43%), P=.005. Too few patients performed the pelvic floor exercises for this intervention to be analyzed.Clinical ImplicationsThis study highlights BTA as a safe treatment option for patients with PVD.Strengths and limitationsThe randomized, double-blinded design and repeated treatments are the major strengths of this study and it is the first study to objectively evaluate muscular effect after BTA injections. The major shortcoming is that few participants performed the pelvic floor exercises, preventing analyses.ConclusionAt 12 months’ follow up, no significant difference in reduction of dyspareunia or pain at tampon use was observed. Women receiving BTA attempted intercourse more often and improved their sexual function compared with women receiving placebo.
Impact of structural racism on inclusion and diversity in precision oncology: A scoping and critical review of the literature
Authors: Geneviève Lester D. , Elger Bernice S. , Wangmo Tenzin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Inclusion and diversity in precision oncology are essential in reducing cancer disparities among racial and ethnic groups. However, present studies have favored the recruitment and participation of Whites, with limited applicability of their results to minority groups. Many reasons for their underrepresentation are downstream manifestations of structural racism. Therefore, this scoping review provides a precise mapping of recruitment and participation barriers for minorities in precision oncology that are associated with structural racism, including a critical appraisal of how disciplinary norms, paradigms, and tools used therein could inadvertently contribute to unforeseen inclusion and diversity challenges. Empirical and theoretical publications from Web of Science and PubMed were searched and analyzed to identify recruitment and participation barriers for minorities in precision oncology. In addition, using the public health critical race praxis (PHCRP) as guiding analytical framework, empirical studies were analyzed to identify unforeseen barriers resulting from simplification processes, assumptions, norms, paradigms, and tools used during the research process. One-hundred thirty-five barriers to recruitment and participation were identified or reported in included publications. They were subsequently categorized as being a manifestation of one of the following forms of racism, namely internalized, interpersonal, institutional, and structural racism. The PCHRP analysis revealed four additional factors to be considered in precision oncology studies in ensuring appropriate representation of their study populations. Future interventions aimed at reducing health disparities should focus predominantly on barriers associated with structural and institutional racism, which should then have ripple effects on other forms of racism. Importantly, the four factors identified through the PHCRP framework could further explain the lower participation rates of minorities in precision oncology and related activities. Therefore, they should be given due consideration by all stakeholders involved in the precision oncology ecosystem, from researchers and healthcare professionals to policy-makers, research ethics committees, and funders.