bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel cell-free intrathecal approach with PRP for the treatment of spinal cord multiple sclerosis in cats
Authors: Farid Mariam F. , Abouelela Yara S. , Yasin Noha A. E. , Mousa Mohamed R. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Prince Abdelbary , Rizk Hamdy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. To date, there is no effective therapy for it. Our study aimed to determine the potential role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of MS in cats.

Methods
The current study was conducted on 15 adult Persian cats that were divided into three groups: control negative, control positive (ethidium bromide (EB)-treated group), and PRP co-treated group (EB-treated group intrathecally injected with PRP on day 14 post-spinal cord injury). PRP was obtained by centrifuging blood on anticoagulant citrate dextrose and activating it with red and green laser diodes. The Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scores were used to assess the motor function recovery on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 20, and 28 following 14 days from EB injection. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, histopathological investigations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies, and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted, and the gene expressions of nerve growth factors (NGFs), brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), and stromal cell-derived factors (SDF) were evaluated.

Results
Our results indicated that PRP had a significant ameliorative effect on the motor function of the hindlimbs as early as day 20 and so on. MRI revealed that the size and intensity of the lesion were significantly reduced in the PRP co-treated group. The histopathological and TEM investigations demonstrated that the PRP co-treated group had a significant improvement in the structure and organization of the white matter, as well as a high remyelination capacity. Furthermore, a significant increase in myelin basic protein and Olig2 immunoreactivity as well as a reduction in Bax and glial fibrillar acidic protein immune markers was observed. NGFs were found to be upregulated by gene expression.

Conclusion
As a result, we concluded that the intrathecal injection of PRP was an effective, safe, and promising method for the treatment of MS.
Violence against healthcare workers during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elsaid Noha M. Abu Bakr , Ibrahim Omneya , Abdel-Fatah Zeinab F. , Hassan Hend A. , Hegazy MennatAllah H. , Anwar Marwa M. , Soliman Hanan H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers are on the front lines of COVID-19 and are subject to risks. A rise in the cases of violence and aggressiveness against HCWs has been observed worldwide, adding to the already existing burnout. The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence of workplace violence, its risk variables, and the pattern of violence directed towards healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The research used a cross-sectional analytic design. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify research participants using an online survey. Form’s link was distributed to accessible social media groups such as Facebook and WhatsApp from July 2020 to the end of October 2020. A self-administered structured survey was adapted from the World Health Organization survey questionnaire about violence in healthcare settings. The Google Form’s link was distributed to the social media groups until the total sample of 405 was collected.

Results
During the COVID-19 pandemic, workplace violence against Egyptian healthcare workers was prevalent (63.2%). The most prevailing type of violence among the exposed participants was verbal violence (87.9%). Violence is more common in the (< 40 years old) age group (80.9% of exposed healthcare workers). Violence was more statistically significant against females (60.5% of the exposed healthcare workers) (p-value = 0.023). Regarding the work specialty, violence was more committed against physicians (84.3% of exposed healthcare workers) than nurses (12.8% of exposed healthcare workers). The primary perpetrators of violence were the patient’s family (74.6%). The majority of the exposed HCWs (96%) reported no physical injury from the violent event, and 71.5% deemed the violent incident preventable. The majority (90.6%) of HCWs exposed to violent incidents declared non-reporting.

Conclusions
Effective risk communication at all levels of society is critical for reducing fear, stigma, and ultimately workplace violence, as recent assaults on healthcare institutions demonstrate. To reduce violence and safeguard the safety of the medical profession, the government, health policymakers, media organizations, and community engagement groups must collaborate for healthcare workers’ safety.
Life table parameters of the predatory mite, Blattisocius mali Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae), fed on eggs and larvae of the stored product mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)
Authors: Asgari Faeze , Safavi Seyed Ali , Moayeri Hamid Reza Sarraf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The predatory mite, Blattisocius mali Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae), feeds on various species of storage mites such as Tyrophagous putresentiae (Schrank). In this study, life table parameters and consumption rates of B. mali were determined when fed on the eggs and larvae of T. putrescentiae as the prey under laboratory conditions.

Results
Based on the age-stage two-sex life table analysis, the total pre-ovipositional period (TPOP) of the predator was considerably lower by feeding on host larvae than that on eggs. Also, mean fecundity (eggs/female) of the B. mali was 2.60-fold higher on host larvae than its eggs. Moreover, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), as the most important parameter was 0.272 and 0.357 day−1, respectively, by host mite eggs and larvae as food. This showed the significantly greater influence of T. putrescentiae larvae than eggs on mass production of the predatory mite. The same trend was observed in finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate. But mean generation times (T) were statistically the same by feeding both host stages. Maximum longevity of male and female individuals was, respectively, 21 and 22 days when eggs were fed. By feeding on larvae as prey, maximum longevity was lowered to 20 days in both predator sexes. However, the net predation rate (C0) and transformation rate from prey population to predator offspring (QP) were significantly higher by feeding on host eggs (97.420 and 3.049) than its larvae (41.3936 and 0.5575), respectively.

Conclusion
From practical biocontrol view, both eggs and larvae of T. putrescentiae can be consumed and therefore controlled by the predatory mite, B. mali. From mass production view, larvae of T. putrescentiae produced a better fitness in the predatory mite than its eggs and can be used in augmentation programs of B. mali.
A preliminary study on the application of deep learning methods based on convolutional network to the pathological diagnosis of PJI
Authors: Tao Ye , Hu Hanwen , Li Jie , Li Mengting , Zheng Qingyuan , Zhang Guoqiang , Ni Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to establish a deep learning method based on convolutional networks for the preliminary study of the pathological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJI).

Methods
We enrolled 20 revision patients after joint replacement from the Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, from January 2021 to January 2022 (10 of whom were confirmed to be infected against 2018 ICM criteria, and the remaining 10 were verified to be non-infected), and classified high-power field images according to 2018 ICM criteria. Then, we inputted 576 positive images and 576 negative images into a neural network by employing a resNET model, used to select 461 positive images and 461 negative images as training sets, 57 positive images and 31 negative images as internal verification sets, 115 positive images and 115 negative images as external test sets.

Results
The resNET model classification was used to analyze the pathological sections of PJI patients under high magnification fields. The results of internal validation set showed a positive accuracy of 96.49%, a negative accuracy of 87.09%, an average accuracy of 93.22%, an average recall rate 96.49%, and an F1 of 0.9482. The accuracy of external test results was 97.39% positive, 93.04% negative, the average accuracy of external test set was 93.33%, the average recall rate was 97.39%, with an F1 of 0.9482. The AUC area of the intelligent image-reading diagnosis system was 0.8136.

Conclusions
This study used the convolutional neural network deep learning to identify high-magnification images from pathological sections of soft tissues around joints, against the diagnostic criteria for acute infection, and a high precision and a high recall rate were accomplished. The results of this technique confirmed that better results could be achieved by comparing the new method with the standard strategies in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Continuous upgrading of extended training sets is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the convolutional network deep learning before it is applied to clinical practice.
The blue alert: an unusual case report of breast hemangioma
Authors: Harini G. , Vinu V. , Gunabooshanam Barathi , Susruthan M. , Dev Bhawna , Rajeswaran R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast hemangiomas are benign vascular lesion occurring within breast tissue.
The main aim of this case report revolves around the importance of follow-up and excision of these benign lesions since they carry the risk of future malignancy. We report herein a histopathologically confirmed case of breast hemangioma diagnosed at routine sonomammogram.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old female presented with skin discoloration and vague mass in the lateral aspect of the left breast for one month. Physical examination, mammography and ultrasonography along with histopathological correlation have been carried out which helped us to arrive at the diagnosis of breast hemangioma.

Conclusion
For lesions with conclusive evidence of benignity in core needle biopsy, follow-up imaging is ideal and for those cases with atypical radiological and pathological findings, a complete surgical resection is mandatory in order to exclude the possibility of an underlying angiosarcoma.
Δ133p53 coordinates ECM-driven morphogenesis and gene expression in three-dimensional mammary epithelial acini
Authors: Lee Sun-Young , Robertson Claire , Diot Alexandra , Meuray Valerie , Bourdon Jean-Christophe , Bissell Mina J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Growing evidence indicates that p53 (encoded by TP53) has a crucial role in normal tissue development. The role of the canonical p53 (p53α) and its 12 isoforms in development and homeostasis of healthy tissue remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Δ133p53 isoforms, the three short isoforms of p53, respond specifically to laminin-111 and play an important regulatory role in formation of mammary organoids in concert with p53α. We demonstrate that down-modulation of Δ133p53 isoforms leads to changes in gene expression of the extracellular matrix molecules fibronectin (FN), EDA+-FN, laminin α5 and laminin α3 in human breast epithelial cells. These changes resulted in increased actin stress fibers and enhanced migratory behavior of cells in two-dimensional culture. We found that α5β1-integrin coupled with the extracellularly deposited EDA+-FN activates the Akt signaling pathway in three-dimensional (3D) culture when Δ133p53 is dysregulated. Cells that do not express detectable Δ133p53 isoforms or express low levels of these isoforms failed to form polarized structures in 3D. These results uncover that Δ133p53 isoforms coordinate expression and deposition of organ-specific ECM molecules that are critical for maintenance of tissue architecture and function.
‘Five minutes earlier, you were giving hope’: Reflections from interviews with doctors conducting assessments for South Africa’s childhood disability Care Dependency Grant
Authors: Trafford Zara , Swartz Leslie 
Published: October 2022

Background: In South Africa, medical doctors functionally decide whether a primary caregiver can access state-funded social assistance cash transfers (‘social grants’) for the care of their disabled child. In this paper, we unpack the subjective experiences of doctors involved in conducting assessments for the care dependency grant, designed to support the cost of disabled children’s specific needs. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with five paediatric doctors who practice and regularly conduct assessments for the care dependency grant at three Cape Town public sector hospitals. Analysis was thematic and used deductive coding. Results: The doctors we interviewed were aware that these grants were probably shared among household members but felt this was acceptable, as it contributed to the child’s wellbeing. Doctors seemed to be applying nuanced, individualised assessments but often felt the need to simplify the documentation of these assessments, sometimes even bending the rules, to ensure access for their patients. Doctors’ primary allegiance in these processes appeared to be to their patients. They identified more with their caring responsibilities than their bureaucratic gate-keeping role but nonetheless felt a heavy responsibility for decision-making, in the context of extremely strained public resources and a lack of guidance from the government’s social assistance implementation agency. Conclusions: The hyperlocal practices and approaches that doctors described allows for perception of the messier – but also more accurate – details of the system that is actually in place. Doctors’ narratives also reflect long-standing inattention to the ‘trickle down’ of guidelines to frontline implementers of disability-related grants. This cadre is a valuable but under-utilised source of evidence and information about the real-world functioning of disability-related grants administration and they should be actively included in implementation planning.
Use of acellular intact fish skin grafts in treating acute paediatric wounds during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series
Authors: Ciprandi Guido , Kjartansson Hilmar , Grussu Francesca , Baldursson Baldur T , Frattaroli Jacopo , Urbani Urbano , Zama Mario 
Published: October 2022

Objective: More specific strategies are needed to support children requiring skin grafting. Our goal was to identify procedures that reduce operating times, post-operative complications, pain and length of hospital stay. Patient safety, optimal wound bed support and quick micro-debridement with locoregional anaesthesia were prioritised. Ultimately, a novel acellular fish skin graft (FSG) derived from north Atlantic cod was selected for use. Method: We admitted consecutive paediatric patients with various lesions requiring skin grafting for definitive wound closure. All FSGs were applied and bolstered in the operating room following debridement. Results: In a cohort of 15 patients, the average age was 8 years and 9 months (4 years 1 month–13 years 5 months). Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was given to 12 patients. Rapid wound healing was observed in all patients, with a wound area coverage of 100% and complete healing in 95% of wounds. Time until engraftment in patients receiving NPWT was reduced by about a half (to an average 12 days) from our standard experience of 21 days. Ten patients received locoregional anaesthesia and were discharged after day surgery. The operating time was <60 minutes, and no complications or allergic reactions were reported. Excellent pliability of the healed wound was achieved in all patients, without signs of itching and scratching in the postoperative period. This case series is the first and largest using FSG to treat paediatric patients with different wound aetiologies. We attribute the rapid transition to acute wound status and the good pliability of the new epidermal–dermal complex to the preserved molecular components of the FSG, including omega-3. Conclusion: FSG represents an innovative and sustainable solution for paediatric wound care that results in shorter surgery time and reduced hospital stays, with accelerated wound healing times.
Ageing decreases the healing of wounds in the skin of alcohol-preferring rats
Authors: Martinez Francisco Eduardo , Cassettaria Lucas Langoni , Nicolaua Nicoly Cassolato , de Barros Camargoa Victória Mokarzel , de Almeida Chuffaa Luiz Gustavo , Pinheiroa Patricia Fernanda Felipe , Padovania Carlos Roberto , Martinez Marcelo 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Alcohol consumption combined with ageing alters the healing process of the skin. We evaluated whether ageing decreases the healing of incisional wounds in the skin of Wistar rats of Universidade de Chile of variety B (UChB). Method: A total of 20 adult rats and 20 older UChB rats, divided into two groups which underwent surgical aggression in the anterior region of the abdomen, were used: G1, adult rats (100 days old, control) with water and 10% ethanol; G2, aged rats (540 days old, experimental) with water and 10% ethanol; evaluated at 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Results: Ageing did not alter the rupture force and collagen elasticity and resistance. There were increases in telomerase with the implementation of cellular senescence, in interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) at 14 days of healing, in epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 14 and 21 days of healing with delayed growth and development of keratinocytes, also an increase of IL-β at 4 days, and decrease in tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) at 7 days, associated with chronic scarring. There was an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 4 and 7 days, responsible for the early vessels re-establishment. There was a decrease in transforming growth factor 2-beta (TGFβ2) and β3 at 4 and 7 days of healing respectively, and estradiol at 4 days. Conclusion: Ageing decreases the skin healing in incisional wounds in alcohol-preferring rats.
The influence of the patient’s health-state compared with time to surgery on the outcomes following hip fracture surgery: a longitudinal study of 4,791 patients
Authors: Tribe HC , Docherty S , Kelsall N , Harvey A 
Published: October 2022

Introduction This study investigated whether the health-state of hip fracture patients or the time to surgery had a greater effect on outcomes. Methods Of the 5,120 patients admitted with a fragility hip fracture, 4,791 (93.6%) were included in the analysis. Patients operated after 36 hours were initially group by length of delay (36–48 hours and >48 hours) and then regrouped by delay cause (medical and administrative). Patients operated within 36 hours were the comparative group. Data were collected at admission, discharge, 120 days and 365 days post discharge. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients who were delayed over 36 hours, owing to medical causes, had a higher mortality at all studied time points, but the patients who were delayed owing to administrative causes had no increase in mortality. Analysis by time to surgery revealed that patients operated after 36 and 48 hours had a higher mortality at discharge only. Medically delayed patients were less likely to return to their premorbid level of residence at discharge. Older, male patients had a higher risk of inferior outcomes. Postoperative length of stay was significantly greater in the >48-hour delay group and the medical delay group. All delay groups had a significantly higher rate of reoperation within 30 days compared with the no-delay group. Conclusions The health-state of the hip fracture patient had a greater impact on the outcome in contrast to time to surgery. This study concurs that hip fracture patients should receive surgery within the timeframe of current guidelines, but medically unwell patients have relatively worse outcomes and should receive enhanced clinical attention.
Environmental ethics in action: relations between practices, ethics and the culture of consumer society
Authors: Askholm Anne Sofie Møller , Gram-Hanssen Kirsten 
Published: October 2022

This article investigates how environmental ethics are at play in people’s everyday lives and practices of consumption from a practice theoretical perspective. The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews from a larger study, with a selected focus in this article on the biographies and everyday practices of three households. These households were chosen for the analysis in order to reveal the greatest variation in degrees and ways of relating ethically to the environment.
Situating ethics in the specific contexts and lifeworlds of research participants reveals how environmental ethics of differing contents are to varying degrees at work in people’s lives. The article suggests that the general understanding of environmental ethics is closely connected to biographical histories as well as to social and cultural contexts. In a practice theoretical framework, environmental ethics are understood as a kind of general understanding that connects to larger scale cultural formations linking provision and consumption conceptualised as teleoaffective formations. In some cases, the general understanding may contribute to the formulation of a cultural critique of modern consumer society and create a vision of an alternative system of provision and consumption connected to an imagined teleoaffective formation.
A deep learning approach to real-time HIV outbreak detection using genetic data
Authors: Kupperman Michael D. , Leitner Thomas , Ke Ruian 
Published: October 2022

Pathogen genomic sequence data are increasingly made available for epidemiological monitoring. A main interest is to identify and assess the potential of infectious disease outbreaks. While popular methods to analyze sequence data often involve phylogenetic tree inference, they are vulnerable to errors from recombination and impose a high computational cost, making it difficult to obtain real-time results when the number of sequences is in or above the thousands.
Here, we propose an alternative strategy to outbreak detection using genomic data based on deep learning methods developed for image classification. The key idea is to use a pairwise genetic distance matrix calculated from viral sequences as an image, and develop convolutional neutral network (CNN) models to classify areas of the images that show signatures of active outbreak, leading to identification of subsets of sequences taken from an active outbreak. We showed that our method is efficient in finding HIV-1 outbreaks with R0 ≥ 2.5, and overall a specificity exceeding 98% and sensitivity better than 92%. We validated our approach using data from HIV-1 CRF01 in Europe, containing both endemic sequences and a well-known dual outbreak in intravenous drug users. Our model accurately identified known outbreak sequences in the background of slower spreading HIV. Importantly, we detected both outbreaks early on, before they were over, implying that had this method been applied in real-time as data became available, one would have been able to intervene and possibly prevent the extent of these outbreaks. This approach is scalable to processing hundreds of thousands of sequences, making it useful for current and future real-time epidemiological investigations, including public health monitoring using large databases and especially for rapid outbreak identification.