bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Need for improved diabetes support among people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics: results from a Danish cross-sectional study
Authors: Knudsen Lenette , Hansen Dorte Lindqvist , Joensen Lene Eide , Wibaek Rasmus , Benros Michael Eriksen , Jørgensen Marit Eika , Andersen Gregers Stig 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionPeople with psychiatric disorders have increased risk of premature death partly due to diabetes. This study aims to explore the quality of diabetes care, diabetes management, diabetes support and well-being of people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes.Research design and methodsA total of 107 participants aged ≥18 years with diabetes and psychiatric disorders treated at psychiatric outpatient clinics in Denmark were recruited from August 2018 to June 2019. This descriptive cross-sectional study includes data from medical records on quality of diabetes care (eg, level and annual examination of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)) and questionnaires on diabetes management (measured on items from the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale and diabetes distress based on Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-5)), diabetes support (no, some or high support from eight potential support persons and experience of care actions measured on items from Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care) and well-being (WHO 5-Item Scale and self-rated general health).ResultsThe mean age was 52 years, 56% were men, the mean body mass index was 31.9 kg/m2, the median HbA1cwas 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) and the mean blood pressure was 131/83 mm Hg. The proportion with annual measurements of HbA1cwas 93%, blood pressure 80%, cholesterol 93%, foot examination 77% and eye examination 75%. Fifty-one per cent had high diabetes distress (PAID-5 score ≥8). Diabetologists and general practitioners (39% and 37%) were the health professionals most frequently reported to provide high diabetes support.ConclusionsThis study highlights a need for improved diabetes support in people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes. Although a high proportion received appropriate diabetes care, we found high levels of diabetes distress, moderate levels of optimal self-management behaviors, low well-being and low diabetes support from psychiatric health professionals, while one-third of the population found it relevant to receive diabetes support from psychiatric health professionals.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on movement behaviours of children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Kharel Madhu , Sakamoto Jennifer Lisa , Carandang Rogie Royce , Ulambayar Shinejil , Shibanuma Akira , Yarotskaya Ekaterina , Basargina Milana , Jimba Masamine 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionSeveral studies have examined how the lockdown restrictions enforced to halt the spread of COVID-19 have affected children and adolescents’ movement behaviours, but there is a need to synthesise these findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to examine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children and adolescents’ movement behaviours.MethodsWe searched eight databases and grey literature for relevant studies of all study designs; and conducted a narrative analysis of the results following synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines. We used appropriate tools to assess the risk of bias in quantitative and qualitative studies. We compared changes in physical activity, screen time and sleep duration and quality from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown.ResultsThis review included 71 studies reporting data from 35 countries and territories, mostly from high-income economies. A majority of the studies used a cross-sectional design and had fair to poor-quality ratings. Most studies reported reduced physical activity, increased screen time and longer sleep hours among children and adolescents. Children and adolescents facing strict lockdowns saw a larger decline in physical activity and a sharper increase in screen time than those under mild restrictions.ConclusionCOVID-19-related lockdowns were detrimental to children and adolescents’ movement behaviours, with stricter lockdowns tending to have a bigger impact. Children and adolescents under COVID-19 restrictions are likely to be less active, spend more time on screen, and sleep longer hours than before the lockdown. More studies from low-income and middle-income countries could provide a clearer picture of the impact.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021245924.
Longitudinal survey of UK veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties: mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Murphy Dominic , Hendrikx L J , Williamson C , Baumann J 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with pre-existing mental health difficulties were thought to be vulnerable to mental health deterioration due to the emerging threat and the actions taken to control infection rates. Yet, there remained a paucity of research investigating changes in veteran well-being, a population facing higher rates of mental health difficulties compared with the general public. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the mental health and well-being of UK veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUK treatment-seeking veterans (N=121) completed an online survey administered towards the end of the first UK lockdown in June 2020 and 1 year later. Data were gathered on sociodemographic characteristics as well as psychometric measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), common mental disorders (CMDs), anger difficulties and alcohol misuse.ResultsThe proportion of veterans meeting criteria of PTSD, anger and alcohol misuse remained similar across the two time points, while significantly fewer veterans met criteria for CMDs 1 year later. A notable proportion of the sample reported challenges in attending mental and physical health appointments, which was positively associated with not working and negatively associated with more COVID-19-related stressors.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, to date, veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties appear to demonstrate resilience as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed. However, as the pandemic continued, veterans faced significantly more COVID-19-related stressors, less social support, as well as difficulties attending health appointments.
Prehospital benzodiazepine use and need for respiratory support in paediatric seizures
Authors: Pfeiffer Christina K , Smith Karen , Bernard Stephen , Dalziel Stuart R , Hearps Stephen , Geis Tobias , Kabesch Michael , Babl Franz E 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundParamedics are frequently called to attend seizures in children. High-quality evidence on second-line treatment of benzodiazepine (BZD)-refractory convulsions with parenteral long-acting antiepileptic drugs in children has become available from the ED. In order to address the potential need for an alternative agent, we set out to determine the association of BZD use prehospital and the need for respiratory support.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of state-wide ambulance service data (Ambulance Victoria in Victoria, Australia, population: 6.5 million). Children aged 0–17 years assessed for seizures by paramedics were analysed for demographics, process factors, treatment and airway management. We calculated adjusted ORs (AOR) of the requirement for respiratory support in relation to the number of BZD doses administered.ResultsParamedics attended 5112 children with suspected seizures over 1 year (1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019). Overall, need for respiratory support was low (n=166; 3.2%). Before ambulance arrival, 509 (10.0%) had already received a BZD and 420 (8.2%) were treated with midazolam by paramedics. Of the 846 (16.5%) patients treated with BZD, 597 (70.6%) received 1 BZD dose, 156 (18.4%) 2 doses and 93 (11.0%) >2 doses of BZD. Patients who were administered 1, 2 and >2 doses of BZD received respiratory support in 8.9%, 32.1% (AOR 4.6 vs 1 dose, 95% CI 2.9 to 7.4) and 49.5% (AOR 10.3 vs 1 dose, 95% CI 6.0 to 17.9), respectively.ConclusionsIncreasing administration of BZD doses was associated with higher use of respiratory support. Alternative prehospital antiepileptic drugs to minimise respiratory depression should be investigated in future research.
Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Cohen David J , Wang Kaijun , Magnuson Elizabeth , Smith Robert , Petrie Mark C , Buch Mamta Heena , Abraham William , Lindenfeld Joann , Mack Michael J , Stone Gregg W , Cleland John G F 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTranscatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TMVr) improves symptoms and survival for patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and severe secondary mitral regurgitation despite guideline-recommended medical therapy (GRMT). Whether TMVr is cost-effective from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective is unknown.MethodsWe used patient-level data from the Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation (COAPT) trial to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of TMVr +GRMT versus GRMT alone from an NHS perspective. Costs for the TMVr procedure were based on standard English tariffs and device costs. Subsequent costs were estimated based on data acquired during the trial. Health utilities were estimated using the Short-Form 6-Dimension Health Survey.ResultsCosts for the index procedural hospitalisation were £18 781, of which £16 218 were for the TMVr device. Over 2-year follow-up, TMVr reduced subsequent costs compared with GRMT (£10 944 vs £14 932, p=0.006), driven mainly by reductions in heart failure hospitalisations; nonetheless, total 2-year costs remained higher with TMVr (£29 165 vs £14 932, p<0.001). When survival, health utilities and costs were projected over a lifetime, TMVr was projected to increase life expectancy by 1.57 years and quality-adjusted life expectancy by 1.12 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at an incremental cost of £21 980, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £23 270 per QALY gained (after discounting). If the benefits of TMVr observed in the first 2 years were maintained without attenuation, the ICER improved to £12 494 per QALY.ConclusionsFor patients with HFrEF and severe secondary mitral regurgitation similar to those enrolled in COAPT, TMVr increases life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with GRMT at an ICER that represents good value from an NHS perspective.
PD-L1 CAR effector cells induce self-amplifying cytotoxic effects against target cells
Authors: Bajor Malgorzata , Graczyk-Jarzynka Agnieszka , Marhelava Katsiaryna , Burdzinska Anna , Muchowicz Angelika , Goral Agnieszka , Zhylko Andriy , Soroczynska Karolina , Retecki Kuba , Krawczyk Marta , Klopotowska Marta , Pilch Zofia , Paczek Leszek , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Wälchli Sébastien , Winiarska Magdalena , Zagozdzon Radoslaw 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapies have transformed cancer treatment. Recently, combining these approaches into a strategy of PD-L1-targeted CAR has been proposed to target PD-L1high tumors. Our study provides new information on the efficacy of such an approach against PD-L1low targets.MethodsNew atezolizumab-based PD-L1-targeted CAR was generated and introduced into T, NK, or NK-92 cells. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines or non-malignant cells (HEK293T, HMEC, MCF-10A, or BM-MSC) were used as targets to assess the reactivity or cytotoxic activity of the PD-L1–CAR-bearing immune effector cells. Stimulation with IFNγ or with supernatants from activated CAR T cells were used to induce upregulation of PD-L1 molecule expression on the target cells. HER2–CAR T cells were used for combination with PD-L1–CAR T cells against MCF-7 cells.ResultsPD-L1–CAR effector cells responded vigorously with degranulation and cytokine production to PD-L1high MDA-MB-231 cells, but not to PD-L1low MCF-7 cells. However, in long-term killing assays, both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were eliminated by the PD-L1–CAR cells, although with a delay in the case of PD-L1low MCF-7 cells. Notably, the coculture of MCF-7 cells with activated PD-L1–CAR cells led to bystander induction of PD-L1 expression on MCF-7 cells and to the unique self-amplifying effect of the PD-L1–CAR cells. Accordingly, PD-L1–CAR T cells were active not only against MDA-MD-231 and MCF-7-PD-L1 but also against MCF-7-pLVX cells in tumor xenograft models. Importantly, we have also observed potent cytotoxic effects of PD-L1–CAR cells against non-malignant MCF-10A, HMEC, and BM-MSC cells, but not against HEK293T cells that initially did not express PD-L1 and were unresponsive to the stimulation . Finally, we have observed that HER-2–CAR T cells stimulate PD-L1 expression on MCF-7 cells and therefore accelerate the functionality of PD-L1–CAR T cells when used in combination.ConclusionsIn summary, our studies show that CAR-effector cells trigger the expression of PD-L1 on target cells, which in case of PD-L1–CAR results in the unique self-amplification phenomenon. This self-amplifying effect could be responsible for the enhanced cytotoxicity of PD-L1–CAR T cells against both malignant and non-malignant cells and implies extensive caution in introducing PD-L1–CAR strategy into clinical studies.
Defining unique clinical hallmarks for immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies
Authors: Michielin Olivier , Lalani Aly-Khan , Robert Caroline , Sharma Padmanee , Peters Solange 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionImmuno-oncology therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have transformed cancer care and have brought into question whether classic oncology efficacy assessments adequately describe the distinctive responses observed with these agents. With more ICI-based therapies being approved across multiple tumor types, it is essential to define unique clinical hallmarks of these agents and their associated assessments to better reflect the therapeutic impact for both patients and physicians. Long-term survival and objective responses, such as depth and durability of responses, treatment-free survival, efficacy in brain metastases, improved health-related quality of life, and unique safety profiles, are among the hallmarks that have emerged for ICI therapies. An established clinical hallmark is a sustained long-term survival, as evidenced by a delayed separation of Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and a plateau at ~3 years. Combination ICI therapies provide the opportunity to raise this plateau, thereby affording durable survival benefits to more patients. Deepening of responses over time is a unique clinical ICI hallmark, with patients responding long term and with more durable complete responses. Depth of response has demonstrated prognostic value for long-term survival in some cancers, and several ICI studies have shown sustained responses even after discontinuing ICI therapy, offering the potential for treatment-free intervals. Although clinical evidence supporting efficacy in brain metastases is limited, favorable ICI intracranial responses have been seen that are largely concordant with extracranial responses. While patient outcomes can be significantly improved with ICIs, they are associated with unique immune-mediated adverse reactions (IMARs), including delayed ICI toxicities, and may require multidisciplinary management for optimal care. Interestingly, patients discontinuing ICIs for IMARs may maintain responses similar to patients who did not discontinue for an IMAR, whether they restarted ICI therapy or not.ConclusionHerein, we comprehensively review and refine the clinical hallmarks uniquely associated with ICI therapies, which not only will rejuvenate our assessment of ICI therapeutic outcomes but also will lead to a greater appreciation of the effectiveness of ICI therapies.
Price and income elasticity of cigarette demand in Bosnia and Herzegovina by different socioeconomic groups
Authors: Gligorić Dragan , Preradović Kulovac Dragana , Mićić Ljubiša , Pepić Anđela 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTobacco tax policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) assumes a gradual annual increase in specific excise taxes on cigarettes. However, it is insufficient to reduce significantly consumption. This paper examines effects of the increase in cigarette prices and disposable income on cigarette demand in B&H by different income consumer groups.MethodsBased on the Household Budget Surveys and microdata from 2007, 2011 and 2015, we employed logit model to estimate prevalence and Deaton’s model to estimate intensity elasticity of cigarette demand for the sample of 21 424 households (9953 are smoking households) by different income groups. We used obtained elasticities and estimated the impact of tax increase on cigarette consumption and government revenue in three tax increase scenarios.ResultsTen per cent price increase would reduce the consumption of low-income households by 14%, as opposed to 9.9% for middle-income and 7% for high-income households. Low-income households would significantly increase the demand for cigarettes compared with high-income households if income increased. Increase in the specific excise tax by 25% would reduce cigarette consumption and increase government revenue, while the low-income group would experience a reduction in tax burden.ConclusionsChanges in prices have different impacts on tobacco prevalence and consumption of low-income compared with middle-income and high-income socioeconomic groups. Low-income households are most responsive to changes in prices and income. Thus, the poor in B&H would benefit from an increase in tobacco excise taxes and price.
Preparation of highly dispersed CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 catalysts and their improved catalytic performance for hydrogenation of CO2
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuai , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2022

Highly dispersed CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 (CZZ) catalysts were prepared by the citrate gel method. The structures of catalysts and precursors were characterized by XPS, BET, XRD, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, CO2-TPD, and TG-DTA. The effects of wet gel drying time and citric acid dosage on the catalyst structure were studied and compared with the catalysts prepared by the combustion method to investigate the performance of different catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Studies have shown that prolonging the drying time of wet gel can effectively prevent the splashing of the catalyst during calcination. The BET surface area of the catalyst dried at 120 °C for 48 h is 44.8 m2/g, which is higher than that of the combustion method. When the amount of citric acid is equal to the stoichiometric ratio, the catalyst has the best performance. Under the conditions of 240 °C, 2.6 MPa, space velocity of 3600 h–1, and H2/CO2 volume ratio of 3, the space–time yield of methanol reaches 110.3 g/(kg h). Excessive citric acid will affect the dispersion of catalyst components and result in decomposition residue covering catalyst surface active sites, which is not conducive to CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
(Invited) Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion on Cu Catalyst
Authors: Kwon Youngkook , Im Mintaek , Lim Jung-Ae , Kim DaJeong , Kim Dongyeon , Jung Hyunchul , Kim Soo Min , Kim Beom-Sik 
Published: January 2022

The efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels or stock chemicals with high-energy density would be a major step forward in the introduction of a carbon neutral energy cycle, as it would allow for the direct low-temperature conversion of (photo)-generated electrical current to stored chemical energy, in a manner very similar to the way nature stores solar energy. The high activity and selectivity towards electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 can be achieved with careful selection of catalyst and electrolyte.
Major progress in electrochemical CO2 reduction has been limited to two-electron involved products such as CO and formate. It has been known that Cu is prone to produce hydrocarbons, mainly C1 product such as methane and the formation of multi-carbon products via C-C coupling remains as one of the biggest scientific challenges to be resolved. The product selectivity of such conversion can be affected by the electrolyte composition and catalyst structure. Anion such as halides in the electrolyte nanostructures copper surface via electrochemical cycling which allows for a suppression of methane and an enhancement of ethylene and ethanol formation. On the other hands, cations have direct influence on CO2RR in which increasing the size of mono-valent cations can increase the selectivity and activity to C-C coupled products by lowering the pK
a of the hydrated cations at the cathode. In addition, a new principle of catalyst design which controls an atomic-level catalyst structure to accelerate electrocatalytic activity and selectivity toward the formation of C-C bonds will be discussed.
(Invited) Maximizing Efficiencies of Photocatalytic Water Splitting By Engineering Interfaces in Multi-Component Photocatalysts
Authors: Linic Suljo 
Published: January 2022

Solar splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen is a critical chemical transformation for which no commercially viable photocatalytic systems exist. Developing materials that could execute this reaction with high efficiencies would fundamentally change the environmental footprint of many segments of our economy, including chemical industry, manufacturing and energy sectors. The materials that have received the most attention for this application are hybrids that contain a semiconductor light absorber and an attached metal electrocatalyst that performs chemical transformations. In these systems, the semiconductor serves to provide the electromotive force (voltage) that is used by the electrocatalysts to drive the reaction. The main problems in the development of these hybrid photocatalysts are the chemical instability of the desired semiconductors (with the appropriate, relatively low band gap) under the relevant water splitting conditions, and the losses associated with the presence of the semiconductor/electrocatalyst junction in these photo-catalytic system.
Recently, it has been demonstrated that these low band gap semiconductor light absorbers can in some cases be stabilized by the use of protective insulator layers by forming metal/insulator/semiconductor (MIS) photocatalysts. This strategy incorporates a stable insulator layer placed between a metal electrocatalyst and semiconductor forming a metal-insulator-semiconductor junction. So far the central focus of this area of research has been on experimentally demonstrating the enhanced stability of the semiconductors covered by these insulating layers under the reaction conditions. In this contribution, we will discuss the realistic targets for solar water splitting for these MIS photocatalyst. We will also analyze the critical problems associated with these multi-component photocatalysts. We will discuss the impact of various components on the photo-catalysts performance. We will also show how by controlling the geometries of these systems at atomistic level we can optimize their solar to hydrogen efficiencies.