bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Interpolation of Sediment Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Resident Killer Whale Habitat along the Coast of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Kim Joseph J. , Delisle Kelsey , Brown Tanya M. , Bishay Farida , Ross Peter S. , Noël Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The northeastern Pacific northern and southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations are listed as threatened and endangered in Canada, respectively, with persistent, bioaccumulative contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), posing threats to their recovery. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in subtidal surface sediments collected from 97 sites along the British Columbia (BC) coast were used to identify their distribution and profiles, and to assess killer whale habitat quality. Victoria Harbour (VH3(site ID: 1)) sediments exhibited the highest PCB and PBDE concentrations. For PCBs, PCB-138 was found at the highest concentration, followed by PCB-153, PCB-110, PCB-149, PCB-101, and PCB-118. For PBDEs, individual congeners were ranked as follows: BDE-209 &gt; BDE-207 &gt; BDE-206 &gt; BDE-208 &gt; BDE-47 &gt; BDE-99. Principal component analyses (PCA) illustrated the variations in contaminant profiles, with PC1 for PCBs and PBDEs correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW, p &lt; 0.003). Based on the PCA, sediment particle size, total organic carbon (TOC), and water depth at collection were other factors associated with the distribution of PBDEs, while PCB profiles were associated with TOC. Total PCB and PBDE concentrations at 100% and 34% of the sites, respectively, exceeded the recently adopted British Columbia's Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy Working Sediment Quality Guidelines (PCBs 3.7 pg/g dry wt and PBDEs 1000 pg/g dry wt), considered protective of killer whales. Our findings suggest that the legacy of banned PCBs and PBDEs has the potential to constrain the recovery of killer whales as a result of their mobilization from sediments and consequent uptake by marine food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2139–2151. © 2022 SETAC
Uptake Mechanisms of a Novel, Activated Carbon-Based Equilibrium Passive Sampler for Estimating Porewater Methylmercury
Authors: Washburn Spencer J. , Damond Jada , Sanders James P. , Gilmour Cynthia C. , Ghosh Upal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We describe the validation of a novel polymeric equilibrium passive sampler comprised of agarose gel with embedded activated carbon particles (ag+AC), to estimate aqueous monomethylmercury (MeHg) concentrations. Sampler behavior was tested using a combination of idealized media and realistic sediment microcosms. Isotherm bottle experiments with ag+AC polymers were conducted to constrain partitioning to these materials by various environmentally relevant species of MeHg bound to dissolved organic matter (MeHgDOM) across a range of sizes and character. Log of partitioning coefficients for passive samplers (Kps) ranged from 1.98 ± 0.09 for MeHg bound to Suwannee River humic acid to 3.15 ± 0.05 for MeHg complexed with Upper Mississippi River natural organic matter. Reversible equilibrium exchange of environmentally relevant MeHg species was demonstrated through a series of dual isotope–labeled exchange experiments. Isotopically labeled MeHgDOM species approached equilibrium in the samplers over 14 days, while mass balance was maintained, providing strong evidence that the ag+AC polymer material is capable of equilibrium measurements of environmentally relevant MeHg species within a reasonable deployment time frame. Samplers deployed across the sediment–water interface of sediment microcosms estimated both overlying water and porewater MeHg concentrations within a factor of 2 to 4 of measured values, based on the average measured Kps values for species of MeHg bound to natural organic matter in the isotherm experiments. Taken together, our results indicate that ag+AC polymers, used as equilibrium samplers, can provide accurate MeHg estimations across many site chemistries, with a simple back-calculation based on a standardized Kps. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2052–2064. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
An equilibrium passive sampler made of agarose film embedded with activated carbon placed across the sediment-water interface captures difference in aqueous methylmercury concentrations between overlying water and porewater.
Management strategies emphasizing advanced food processing approaches to mitigate food borne zoonotic pathogens in food system
Authors: Sahoo Monalisa , Panigrahi Chirasmita , Aradwad Pramod 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFoodborne zoonoses are the most neglected discipline due to a lack of awareness of potential health hazards, standardized detection methods, and identification of infectious host reservoirs. Food is the major carriage vehicle for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens and many outbreaks globally. Resilient surveillance and holistic intervention of effective mitigation strategies at both preharvest (bacteriophages, probiotics, vaccination, micronutrients, breeding, culling), postharvest (advanced food processing, biofilm removal, and disinfectant), retailer and consumer levels can reduce or prevent pathogens and cross‐contamination. Rapid tracking of contamination sources and identification of the route of infection should be implemented using analytical techniques for targeted detection of causative organisms and microbiological risk assessment. An overview elaborating various farm‐to‐fork pathogenic mitigation strategies at different stages of the food chain is presented. However, special emphasis is placed on the application of advanced novel food processing and preservation techniques, such as high‐pressure processing, pulsed light, ultrasound, ultraviolet light, ozone treatment, irradiation and other hurdle technologies for pathogen reduction and food quality assurance. This review will provide an overview of the overall scenario regarding foodborne pathogen–human health interactions and the possible prevention measures that would be helpful for producers, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers for the safer and sustainable development of food products.
Source characterisation of the residual lherzolite and harzburgite ultramafics of Manipur Ophiolite Belt in the Indo–Myanmar Hill ranges, NE India
Authors: Khuman Chabungbam Mangi , Ibotombi Soibam 
Published: June 2022

An attempt for the calculation of primordial mineralogy of the source rock of the ultramafics of Manipur ophiolite, north‐east India is made with the use of an established schematic ternary phase diagram of the anhydrous system Forsterite‐Diopside‐Enstatite at 20 kb pressure for a hypothetical upper mantle rock (X). For the case of batch partial melting, if the proportions of the phases entering the melt (Pα) are different from their initial proportion in the rock (X0α), then the weight fraction of the melt (F) at which each phase in question is consumed is given by F = X0α/Pα. From the phase diagram, the bulk composition of the source rock X can be expressed as 0.4 Di, 0.2 En, and 0.4 Fo (these are the X0α values). The proportion (Pα) in which the various phases entered the melt is initially given by the proportion in the eutectic composition E, that is, 0.7 Di, 0.2 En, 0.1 Fo. With the value of Fcpx = 0.4/0.7 = 0.57, it is found that the diopside is the only phase to be completely consumed into the partial melt, which occurs at 57% partial melting. The least serpentinized group of ultramafics of the Ophiolite Belt in Manipur is considered to be the residue of those which have suffered the least percent of partial melting (about 5%), and the average proportions of the three main phases of such rocks are taken as yardsticks for necessary calculation of the primordial mineralogy of the upper source rock. From the computed value of Fcpx (Mo) = 0.14, it is inferred that the diopside in the original source rock of Manipur Ophiolite must be completely melted at about 15% partial melting as against 57% of the hypothetical mantle rock discussed in the phase diagram. Thus, at about 15% partial melting of the source rock of Manipur Ophiolite, the levels of melting of the three main phases, as derived from the phase diagram, is calculated to be, Diopside = 100%, Enstatite = 57%, and Olivine = 14%. From these values of levels of melting, the different degrees of melting of the three main phases have been computed separately for 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% bulk partial melting. From the modal proportions of the main phases of the least serpentinized ultramafics of Manipur Ophiolite (considered to be a residue of 5% partial melting), the mineralogical proportions of the original source rock are computed and these are found to correspond to Spinel Lherzolite composition.
Comparative evaluation of authorized drugs for treating Covid‐19 patients
Authors: Islam Towhidul , Hasan Moynul , Rahman Mohammad Saydur , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsVaccines are the first line of defense against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19). However, the antiviral drugs provide a new tool to fight the Covid‐19 pandemic. Here we aimed for a comparative evaluation of authorized drugs for treating Covid‐19 patients.MethodsWe searched in PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords and terms such as Covid, SARS‐CoV‐2, Coronavirus disease 2019, therapeutic management, hospitalized Covid‐19 patients, Covid‐19 treatment. We also gathered information from reputed newspapers, web portals, and websites. We thoroughly observed, screened, and included the studies relevant to our inclusion criteria. We included only the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized drugs for this review.ResultsWe found that molnupiravir and paxlovid are available for oral use, and remdesivir is for only hospitalized patients. Paxlovid is a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, nirmatrelvir is a protease inhibitor (ritonavir increases the concentration of nirmatrelvir), and the other two (remdesivir and molnupiravir) are nucleoside analog prodrugs. Remdesivir and molnupiravir doses do not need to adjust in renal and hepatic impairment. However, the paxlovid dose adjustment is required for mild to moderate renal or hepatic impaired patients. Also, the drug is not allowed for Covid‐19 patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment. Preliminary studies showed oral antiviral drugs significantly reduce hospitalization or death among mild to severe patients. Moreover, the US FDA has approved four monoclonal antibodies for Covid‐19 treatment. Studies suggest that these drugs would reduce the risk of hospitalization or severity of symptoms. World Health Organization strongly recommended the use of corticosteroids along with other antiviral drugs for severe or critically hospitalized patients.ConclusionAll authorized drugs are effective in inhibiting viral replication for most SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Therefore, along with vaccines, these drugs might potentially aid in fighting the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Plasmodium falciparum coinfection is associated with improved IgE and IgG3 response against hookworm antigens
Authors: Sakyi Samuel A. , Wilson Michael D. , Adu Bright , Opoku Stephen , Brewoo Antwi , Larbi Amma , Baafour Emmanuel K. , Tchum Samuel K. , Saahene Roland O. , Aniagyei Wilfred , Sewor Christian , Courtin David , Cappello Michael , Gyan Ben , Amoani Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium falciparum and Hookworm infections are prevalent in West Africa and they cause iron deficiency anemia and protein malnutrition in Children. Immune response of these parasites interact and their interactions could have repercussions on vaccine development and efficacy. The current goal of hookworm eradication lies on vaccination. We evaluated the effect of P. falciparum coinfection and albendazole treatment on naturally acquired antibody profile against hookworm L3 stage larvae antigen.MethodsIn a longitudinal study, 40 individuals infected with Necator americanus only, 63 participants infected with N. americanus and P. falciparum, and 36 nonendemic controls (NECs) were recruited. The study was done in the Kintampo North Metropolis of Ghana. Stool and blood samples were taken for laboratory analyses. Serum samples were obtained before hookworm treatment and 3 weeks after treatment.ResultsThe malaria‐hookworm (N. americanus and P. falciparum) coinfected subjects had significantly higher levels of IgE (β = 0.30, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.48], p = 0.023) and IgG3 (β = 0.15, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.52], p = 0.004) compared to those infected with hookworm only (N. americanus). The N. americanus groups had significantly higher levels of IgG3 (β = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.14–0.62], p = 0.002) compared to the control group. Similarly, N. americanus and P. falciparum coinfected participants had significantly higher levels of IgE (β = 0.35, 95% CI = [0.70–0.39], p = 0.002) and IgG3 (β = 0.54, 95% CI = [0.22–0.76], p = 0.002). Moreover, albendazole treatment led to a significant reduction in IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG3 antibodies against hookworm L3 stage larvae (p < 0.05)ConclusionP. falciparum is associated with improved IgE and IgG response against hookworm L3 stage larvae. Treatment with single dose of albendazole led to reduction in naturally acquired immune response against hookworm infection. Thus, P. falciparum infection may have a boosting effect on hookworm vaccine effectiveness.
Forgiveness, rumination, and depression in the United States and Korea: A cross‐cultural mediation study
Authors: Toussaint Loren , Lee Jiahn A. , Hyun Myoung Ho , Shields Grant S. , Slavich George M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough substantial research has separately investigated forgiveness, rumination, and depression in the United States, few studies have investigated all three constructs in the same sample and we know of no studies that have examined how forgiveness, rumination, and depression are interrelated across cultures.MethodTo address this issue, we conducted a cross‐cultural study wherein 204 and 297 healthy young adults from Korea and the United States, respectively, completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory‐II.ResultsCompared to US participants, Korean participants exhibited more forgiveness, similar levels of rumination, and slightly more depression. Two‐group structural equation models revealed that forgiveness was directly related to depressive symptoms, and that forgiveness was indirectly related to depressive symptoms through rumination, in both the United States (proportion mediated = 0.363) and Korea (proportion mediated = 0.394). This indirect association did not differ across cultures.ConclusionConsidered together, these results suggest that forgiveness appears to have beneficial effects on depression that are mediated through forgiveness‐related reductions in rumination, and, importantly, that these effects are similar across cultures.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding During Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Polypharmacy
Authors: Honda Taku , Abe Koichiro , Oda Minoru , Harada Fumito , Maruyama Kyohei , Aoyagi Hitoshi , Miura Ryo , Konno Kumiko , Arizumi Toshihiko , Asaoka Yoshinari , Kodashima Shinya , Kozuma Ken , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough concomitant medications have been raised as a factor affecting hemorrhage during direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy, details remain unelucidated. This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between concomitant medications with possible pharmacokinetic interactions and number of concomitant medications, and bleeding and embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on DOACs. The subjects were 1010 patients prescribed DOACs from a single‐center at the Teikyo University Hospital between April 2011 and June 2018. This study was an exploratory analysis and investigated their course between the first prescription and December 2018, including the presence or absence of clinically relevant bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Impacts of medications were evaluated by the general linear model with inverse probability‐weighted propensity score. The observation period was 2272 patient‐years. The rate of bleeding was 4.7%/year, gastrointestinal bleeding was 2.8%/year, and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were 2.0%/year. Taking 10 or more oral medications concurrently was a significant risk for gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio, 2.046 [95%CI, 1.188‐3.526]; P = .010). Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were the only significant risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinicians should be aware of gastrointestinal bleeding when using DOACs with patients taking more than 10 medications and/or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Sarcopenia as potential biological substrate of long COVID‐19 syndrome: prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors
Authors: Martone Anna Maria , Tosato Matteo , Ciciarello Francesca , Galluzzo Vincenzo , Zazzara Maria Beatrice , Pais Cristina , Savera Giulia , Calvani Riccardo , Marzetti Emanuele , Robles Maria Camprubi , Ramirez Maria , Landi Francesco ,   Gemelli Against COVID‐19 Post‐Acute Care Team
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere clinical pictures and sequelae of COVID‐19 disease are immune mediated and characterized by a ‘cytokine storm’. Skeletal muscle has emerged as a potent regulator of immune system function. The aim of the present study is to define the prevalence of sarcopenia among COVID‐19 survivors and the negative impact of sarcopenia on the post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome and its related risk factors.MethodsA total of 541 subjects recovered from COVID‐19 disease were enrolled in the Gemelli Against COVID‐19 Post‐Acute Care between April 2020 and February 2021. They underwent a multidisciplinary clinical evaluation and muscle strength and physical performance assessment.ResultsMean age was 53.1 years (SD 15.2, range from 18 to 86 years), and 274 (51%) were women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.5%, and it was higher in patients with a longer hospital stay and lower in patients who were more physically active and had higher levels of serum albumin. Patients with sarcopenia had a higher number of persistent symptoms than non‐sarcopenic patients (3.8 ± 2.9 vs. 3.2 ± 2.8, respectively; P = 0.06), in particular fatigue, dyspnoea, and joint pain.ConclusionsSarcopenia identified according to the EWGSOP2 criteria is high in patients recovered from COVID‐19 acute illness, particularly in those who had experienced the worst clinical picture reporting the persistence of fatigue and dyspnoea. Our data suggest that sarcopenia, through the persistence of inflammation, could be the biological substrate of long COVID‐19 syndrome. Physical activity, especially if associated with adequate nutrition, seems to be an important protective factor.
Assessment of dry and heavy rainfall days and their projected changes over Northeast Brazil in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models
Authors: de Medeiros Felipe Jeferson , de Oliveira Cristiano Prestrelo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Northeast Brazil (NEB) is considered a region that is strongly vulnerable to extreme rainfall events due to climate change. In this context, this study evaluates the performance of 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in representing the number of dry (DD) and heavy rainfall days (HRD) over NEB in the historical period (1981–2005) and their projections for the near (2016–2040) and far future (2076–2100) under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) scenarios. For selection of extreme rainfall days, we used the absolute threshold of less than 1 mm for DD and the 99th percentile for HRD. The results indicate that four (three) models show an overall superior performance in reproducing the dry (heavy rainfall) days, being common in both aspects only the EC‐EARTH3. Thus, the skill of the CMIP6 models for NEB varies according to the extreme rainfall conditions analysed. For the future climate (near and far), results show that dry days are project to increase over the entire NEB territory, especially during DJF and MAM and more pronounce in the east coast, with projections that these conditions will be more severe under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. The number of dry days may increase up to 15%. For HRD, although the results indicate that the number of days with heavy precipitation will be more frequent in the future (the increase can exceed 140%), the analysis show that under the low (SSP2‐4.5) or intermediate (SSP3‐7.0) forcing scenarios the HRD tends to be higher than in the most pessimistic scenario (SSP5‐8.5). Such result was explained according to the dryness of the atmosphere. Therefore, this study shows that it might either rain too much within a short range of time or the water scarcity will be longer‐lasting in the future in NEB.
A thin‐film transistor with no apparent channel for simplified, high aperture ratio pixel architectures
Authors: Wilson Joshua , Zhang Jiawei , Song Aimin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvances in practical electronics often result from the quest to improve the scalability of fundamental components, but improvements in the scalability of thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have been frustrated by performance degradation at reduced dimensions. In particular, many of these scaling issues are tied to a common feature of all transistors, the semiconductor channel. Here, we introduce TFTs with source and drain materials in direct contact. In the absence of a channel, these TFTs maintain excellent performance including high effective mobility and low voltage saturation. Central to our design is the combination of the depleting properties of a Schottky source electrode with a quasi‐metallic drain material, in this case indium‐tin‐oxide. As an example application, we propose a simpler, more compact pixel architecture for realizing high‐resolution displays, which reduces transistor area by two thirds and can reduce pixel power consumption by almost 80% when compared to conventional TFT structures.
Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in select patients with Stage II colon cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Grant Robert R. C. , Khan Tahsin M. , Gregory Stephanie N. , Coakley Brian A. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Davis Jeremy L. , Blakely Andrew M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGuidelines for Stage II colon cancer recommend adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) only for tumors with high‐risk features, but long‐term outcomes data are mixed. We aimed to determine if AC was associated with a survival benefit in this population.MethodsPatients were identified from the National Cancer Database and included if they met the following criteria: diagnosis of Stage II colon cancer, surgery, survival data, and complete data on six high‐risk features. The cohort of 57 335 patients was stratified by receipt of AC. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients under the age of 65 years with no comorbidities. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint.ResultsAn increasing number of high‐risk features was associated with significantly decreased median OS. AC was associated with significantly increased OS for patients with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 high‐risk features. On subgroup analysis, receipt of AC was associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio: 0.66; confidence interval: 0.59–0.74). For patients in the subgroup who had a T4 tumor, AC was associated with increased OS (92.7 vs. 83.6 months).ConclusionsAC should be considered for all younger, healthy patients with Stage II colon cancer and may be associated with a survival benefit for patients with T4 disease.