bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Incidence and Severity in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort of Children Aged 0–14 Years
Authors: Smith Matthew , Kubale John , Kuan Guillermina , Ojeda Sergio , Vydiswaran Nivea , Sanchez Nery , Gresh Lionel , Latta Krista , Lopez Roger , Patel May , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial source of severe illnesses including acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) like pneumonia. However, its burden in older children remains less well understood.

Methods
Using a community-based prospective cohort, we assessed the burden of symptomatic reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed RSV among Nicaraguan children aged 0–14 years from 2011 to 2016. ALRI was defined as physician diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or bronchial hyperreactivity.

Results
Between 2011 and 2016, 2575 children participated in the cohort. Of these, 630 (24.5%) had at least 1 episode of symptomatic RSV and 194 (7.5%) had multiple episodes. Subtype was identified in 571 (69.3%) episodes with 408 (71.5%) RSV-A, 157 (27.5%) RSV-B, and 6 (1%) positive for both. Children aged &lt;2 years displayed the highest incidence of symptomatic RSV, with 269.3 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 242.1–299.5). Beyond 2 years, incidence (95% CI) of symptomatic RSV decreased rapidly: 145.6 (129.9–163.1), 37.9 (31.9–45.0), and 19.3 (14.9–25.0) cases per 1000 person-years among children aged 2–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years, respectively. Incidence of RSV-associated ALRI was highest in children aged &lt;2 years (85.95 per 1000 person-years [95% CI, 71.30–103.61]): 2.1, 9.5, and 17.3 times that of participants aged 2–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years, respectively. Children &lt;2 years old were significantly more likely to have an RSV-associated hospitalization (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
There is a substantial burden of symptomatic and severe RSV in children. While older children did present with RSV, the rates of symptomatic and severe RSV decreased by as much as 95% beyond age 5.
Sleep disparities in the first month of college: implications for academic achievement
Authors: Bermudez Vanessa N , Fearon-Drake Danielle , Wheelis Meaghann , Cohenour Michelle , Suntai Zainab , Scullin Michael K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveWe investigated sleep disparities and academic achievement in college.MethodsParticipants were 6,002 first-year college students attending a midsize private university in the southern United States [62.0% female, 18.8% first-generation, 37.4% Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) students]. During the first 3–5 weeks of college, students reported their typical weekday sleep duration, which we classified as short sleep (&lt;7 hours), normal sleep (7–9 hours), or long sleep (&gt;9 hours).ResultsThe odds for short sleep were significantly greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.34–1.66) and female students (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), and the odds for long sleep were greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.38–3.08) and first-generation students (95% CI: 1.04–2.53). In adjusted models, financial burden, employment, stress, STEM academic major, student athlete status, and younger age explained unique variance in sleep duration, fully mediating disparities for females and first-generation students (but only partially mediating disparities for BIPOC students). Short and long sleep predicted worse GPA across students’ first year in college, even after controlling for high school academic index, demographics, and psychosocial variables.ConclusionsHigher education should address sleep health early in college to help remove barriers to success and reduce disparities.
Effect of benzoic acid with or without a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on the performance and carcass merit of grow-finish pigs
Authors: Humphrey D C , Bergstrom J R , Perez-Calvo E , Greiner L L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two hundred and forty barrows and gilts (DNA 600 X 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) with an initial body weight (BW) of 35.5 ± 4.2 kg were sorted into split-sex pens, blocked by initial body weight, and randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments with eight pigs per pen and ten pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a standard diet (CON), CON plus 0.3% benzoic acid (BA; VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ), and CON plus 0.3% BA and 0.025% Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (BA+DFM; PureGro, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ). The experimental diets were fed in four feeding phases. Pigs were weighed and feed intake measured at the beginning and end of each phase for the calculation of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). Additionally, ultra-sound was utilized at the conclusion of the trial on day 81 for measurements of backfat and loin eye area. Data were analyzed as repeated measures in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) with fixed effects of treatment, phase, sex, and block included in the model. Pen was the experimental unit, and results were considered significant if P ≤ 0.05 and a tendency if 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10. Overall, pigs fed BA had increased ADFI compared to pigs fed CON (2.88 vs. 2.75 kg, P = 0.015), while pigs fed BA+DFM had similar ADFI compared to pigs fed CON or BA (P ≥ 0.279). There was a tendency for an effect of dietary treatment on ADG (P = 0.063), where pigs fed BA tended to grow faster than pigs fed CON (1.11 vs. 1.08 kg, P = 0.051); however, there were no differences in feed efficiency between treatments (P = 0.450). Additionally, there was no evidence for an effect of dietary treatment on pig BF or LEA (P ≥ 0.334). In conclusion, supplementing 0.3% benzoic acid to grow-finish pigs stimulated feed intake, but did not affect efficiency, or carcass merit.
Radiographic Parameters in Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Waddell William H. , Vaughan Wilson E. , Abtahi Amir M. 
Published: November 2022

Study Design:
This was a narrative review.

Objectives:
Provide a comprehensive review of radiographic alignment parameters and their effect on procedure selection, surgical decision-making, and clinical outcomes for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Summary of Background Data:
The use of radiographic parameters to predict prognosis and surgical outcomes in patients with CSM is an evolving field given the complex presentation of patients with this condition.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using PubMed for surgical treatment of CSM, with an emphasis on cervical radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes.

Results:
The principal goals of spine surgery can be broken down into decompression, stabilization, and restoration of alignment. The principle of restoring balance takes careful preoperative planning and attention to radiographic parameters including cervical lordosis, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, neck tilt, thoracic inlet angle, T1 slope, K-line, and modified K-line. Surgical interventions for CSM include anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, posterior cervical fusion, or laminoplasty and careful consideration of radiographic measures guide surgical decision-making is essential to ensure optimal outcomes.

Conclusion:
Utilization of key radiographic parameters in surgical planning and decision-making allows surgeons to optimize clinical outcomes for CSM.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Proliferating Pilar Tumors Are Characterized by Recurrent 15q, 6q, and 6p22.2 Alterations
Authors: Fischer Grant M. , Lindeman Neal I. , Ligon Azra H. , Russell-Goldman Eleanor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Proliferating pilar tumors (PPTs) are rare neoplasms of external root sheath derivation, which most commonly occur on the scalp of elderly women. Although typically showing classic histologic features such as trichilemmal type keratinization, a lobular architecture and peripheral palisading, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains a common diagnostic pitfall. Therefore, we sought to explore the molecular pathogenesis of PPTs and compare it with that of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Herein, we describe the use of a next-generation DNA sequencing platform to provide the most comprehensive molecular genetic analysis to date of a cohort of 5 PPTs and compare them to 5 head and neck cutaneous SCCs. Recurrent broad arm-level gains of 15q and concurrent single-copy losses of 6q and 6p22.2 were observed in 4 of 5 (80%) PPT cases. Other recurrent mutations or alterations of significance were not found in PPTs. Notably, these chromosomal changes were not identified in any of the 5 cutaneous SCCs, which instead showed recurrent alterations in the known SCC driver genes TP53, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1. Here, we show for the first time that PPTs are molecularly distinct from cutaneous SCC and provide evidence that recurrent alterations in chromosome 15 and chromosome 6 are central to the pathogenesis of PPTs.
Machine Learning Analysis of the Cerebrovascular Thrombi Lipidome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Martha Sarah R. , Levy Samuel H. , Federico Emma , Levitt Michael R. , Walker Melanie 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify a signature lipid profile from cerebral thrombi in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients at the time of ictus. METHODS: We performed untargeted lipidomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on cerebral thrombi taken from a nonprobability, convenience sampling of adult subjects (≥18 years old, n = 5) who underwent thrombectomy for acute cerebrovascular occlusion. The data were classified using random forest, a machine learning algorithm. RESULTS: The top 10 metabolites identified from the random forest analysis were of the glycerophospholipid species and fatty acids. CONCLUSION: Preliminary analysis demonstrates feasibility of identification of lipid metabolomic profiling in cerebral thrombi retrieved from AIS patients. Recent advances in omic methodologies enable lipidomic profiling, which may provide insight into the cellular metabolic pathophysiology caused by AIS. Understanding of lipidomic changes in AIS may illuminate specific metabolite and lipid pathways involved and further the potential to develop personalized preventive strategies.
Herpes Zoster in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Guerrero Vinsard Daniela , Wakefield Dorothy , Karagozian Raffi , Farraye Francis A. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended HZ vaccination for adults aged 19 years and older who are at increased risk of shingles due to their disease or drug-related immunosuppression. We aimed to assess the burden of HZ in IBD inpatients and contribute with scientific evidence for an appropriate age cut-off vaccination recommendation.

Materials and Methods:
Population-based cross-sectional analysis using the 2014 US National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We measured the frequencies and demographics of adult patients with IBD admitted to the hospital with an HZ diagnosis. Age-stratification analysis was performed, and age groups were compared with non-IBD inpatients with an HZ diagnosis.

Results:
From 307,260 IBD discharges, 1110 (0.35%) patients were found to have HZ as follows: shingles 63%; post-herpetic neuralgia 26%; HZ with ophthalmic involvement 7%; HZ with neurological involvement 4%. Women with IBD were more likely to have shingles (P=0.002) and post-herpetic neuralgia (P=0.001) than men with IBD. The shingles distribution by age in IBD inpatients was 18 to 39 (13%), 40 to 49 (19%), 50 to 59 (18%), 60 to 99 (50%) compared with 18 to 39 (8%), 40 to 49 (6%), 50 to 59 years (14%), 60 to 99 (72%) in non-IBD inpatients (P=0.0004).

Conclusions:
Hospitalized patients with IBD were found to have a higher frequency of shingles at younger ages when compared with hospitalized patients without IBD. Shingles is more frequent in women, and their prevalence steadily increases with aging though 32% of cases were seen in patients younger than age 50.
Clinical evidence supporting cefiderocol for serious Acinetobacter baumannii infections
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Vena Antonio , Castaldo Nadia , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Peghin Maddalena , Grossi Paolo Antonio 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii currently represent a serious challenge for clinicians because treatment options are limited and frequently associated with significant toxicity. Cefiderocol is a first-in-class siderophore cephalosporin that has a proven efficacy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, including carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence for the role of cefiderocol in the management of A. baumannii infections.

Recent findings
In this review, we briefly summarize the available data on the efficacy (from randomized controlled trials) and on effectiveness and cure rates (from observational studies), pertaining to the use of cefiderocol for treatment of serious A. baumannii infections.

Summary
Cefiderocol represents a promising and safe antibiotic option for treating patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections. Due to conflicting mortality data from available experience, well-designed future randomized controlled trials and real-life studies are needed.
Treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy with a myeloperoxidase inhibitor
Authors: Geissen Simon , Braumann Simon , Adler Joana , Nettersheim Felix Sebastian , Mehrkens Dennis , Hof Alexander , Guthoff Henning , Stein Philipp von , Witkowski Sven , Gerdes Norbert , Isermann Lea , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Bunck Alexander C. , Mollenhauer Martin , Winkels Holger , Adam Matti , Klinke Anna , Hellmich Martin , Kelm Malte , Rudolph Volker , Rosenkranz Stephan , Baldus Stephan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), an incurable disease of the cardiomyocyte terminating in systolic heart failure (HFrEF), is prevalent, causes hospitalization and is associated with increased mortality. Despite evidence of immune activation in DCM, anti-inflammatory interventions so far did not prove to alter the course of this disease. Here we show that myeloperoxidase (MPO), the principal heme peroxidase expressed by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes, critically contributes to HFrEF in DCM.Muscle LIM protein (MLP) deficient mice, which spontaneously develop DCM, display increased circulating PMN counts and augmented levels of vessel-immobilized MPO. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of MPO resulted in enhanced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability of systemic conductance and resistance vessels, and subsequently restoration of systolic left ventricular (LV) function, whereas infusion of MPO worsened systolic LV function. When patients diagnosed for DCM were treated with an orally available MPO inhibitor, systolic LV function increased, natriuretic peptides declined, and functional status improved.Impairment of endothelial NO bioavailability by release of leukocyte-derived MPO evolves as a disease-aggravating mechanism in DCM. MPO inhibition profoundly improved ventricular function by lowering systemic vascular resistance and thus holds promise as a novel and complementary treatment strategy for patients with DCM.
A ten-year microbiological study ofPseudomonas aeruginosastrains revealed diffusion of carbapenems and quaternary ammonium compounds resistant populations
Authors: Pottier Marine , Gravey François , Castagnet Sophie , Auzou Michel , Bénédicte Langlois , Guérin François , Giard Jean-Christophe , Léon Albertine , Hello Simon Le 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. For this study, the susceptibility profiles to antipseudomonal antibiotics and a quaternary ammonium compound, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), widely used as a disinfectant, were established for 180 selected human and environmental hospital strains isolated between 2011 and 2020. Furthermore, a genomic study was performed to determine their resistome and clonal putative relatedness. During the ten-year study period, it was estimated that 9.5% of clinicalP. aeruginosawere resistant to carbapenem, 11.9% presented an MDR profile, and 0.7% an XDR. Decreased susceptibility (DS) to DDAC was observed for 28.0% of strains that was significantly more associated with MDR and XDR profiles and from hospital environmental samples (p <0.0001). According to genomic analyses, theP. aeruginosapopulation unsusceptible to carbapenems and/or to DDAC was diverse but mainly belonged to top ten high-risk clones described worldwide. The carbapenem resistance appeared mainly due to the production of the VIM-2 carbapenemase (39.3%) and DS to DDAC mediated by MexAB-OprM pump efflux overexpression. This study highlights the diversity of MDR/XDR populations ofP. aeruginosawhich are unsusceptible to molecules that are widely used in medicine and hospital disinfection and are probably distributed in hospitals worldwide.
Exploiting Embryonic Niche Conditions to Grow Wilms Tumor Blastema in Culture
Authors: Wojcik Heather M. , Lovvorn Harold N. , Hollingshead Melinda , Pierce Janene , Stotler Howard , Murphy Andrew J. , Borgel Suzanne , Phelps Hannah M. , Correa Hernan , Perantoni Alan O. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTWilms Tumor (WT), or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric kidney cancer. Most WTs display a “favorable” triphasic histology, in which the tumor is comprised of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cell types. Blastemal predominance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or diffuse anaplasia (“unfavorable” histology; 5-8%) portend a worse prognosis. Blastema likely provide the putative cancer stem cells (CSCs), which retain molecular and histologic features characteristic of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), within WTs. NPCs arise in the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and populate the cap mesenchyme (CM) in the developing kidney. WT blastemal cells, like NPCs, similarly express markers, SIX2 and CITED1. Tumor xenotransplantation is currently the only dependable method to propagate tumor tissue for research or therapeutic screening, since efforts to culture tumorsin vitroas monolayers have invariably failed. Therefore, a critical need exists to propagate WT stem cells rapidly and efficiently for high-throughput, real-time drug screening. Previously, our lab developed niche conditions that support the propagation of murine NPCs in culture. By applying similar conditions to WTs, we have successfully expanded and passaged WT cells from five distinct untreated patient tumors and maintained key NPC “stemness” markers, SIX2, NCAM and YAP1, and CSC marker ALDH1. These findings suggest that our culture conditions sustain the WT blastemal population, as previously shown for normal NPCs. As a result, we have developed new WT cell lines and a multi-passagein vitromodel for studying the blastemal lineage/CSCs in WTs. Furthermore, this system supports growth of heterogeneous WT cells, upon which potential drug therapies could be tested for efficacy and resistance.
Discovery of benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives with potent activity against multidrug resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sun Zhiqi , Liang Yi Chu , Lu Chen , Lupien Andréanne , Xu Zhongliang , Berton Stefania , Behr Marcel A. , Yang Weibo , Sun Jim 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB), is the leading cause of bacterial disease-related death worldwide. Current antibiotic regimens for the treatment of TB remain dated and suffer from long treatment times as well as the development of drug-resistance. As such, the search for novel chemical modalities that have selective or potent anti-Mtb properties remains an urgent priority, particularly against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains. Herein, we design and synthesize 35 novelbenzo[c]phenanthridinederivatives (BPD). The two most potent compounds, BPD-6 and BPD-9, accumulated within the bacterial cell and exhibited strong inhibitory activity (MIC90∼ 2-10 μM) against multipleMycobacteriumstrains, while remaining inactive against a range of other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. BPD-6 and BPD-9 were also effective in reducing Mtb viability within infected macrophages. The two BPD compounds displayed comparable efficacy to rifampicin, a critical frontline antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of TB. Importantly, BPD-6 and BPD-9 inhibited the growth of multiple MDR Mtb clinical isolates, suggesting a completely novel mechanism of action compared to existing frontline TB dugs. The discovery of BPDs provides novel chemical scaffolds for anti-TB drug discovery.TOC/GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Long Covid-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Natelson Benjamin H , Blate Michelle , Soto Tiffany 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany patients do not recover following Covid infection. The resulting illness is called Long Covid. Because there is no agreed upon treatment for this ailment, we decided to do an open label pilot study using non-invasive, transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Inclusion criteria required the patient to fulfill criteria for having chronic fatigue syndrome. Fourteen patients provided evaluable data. Eight of these fulfilled our requirements for treatment success. Since our criterion for a successful study was that at least a third of patients had to show a positive response to treatment, this was a successful pilot that warrants a follow up study that is appropriately sham controlled.All authors have read and approved this manuscript for submission.There are no competing interests and support for doing this study was via patient donations to support Dr Natelson’s research activities.The actual data summarized in Table 1 are available upon request
Firm age and Chinese firms’ OFDI in developing and developed countries: the moderating roles of industry munificence and state ownership
Authors: Xie Qunyong 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Applying the internationalization process model (IPM) and the strategic fit perspective, this research aims to test the effects of firm age on Chinese firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in developing and developed countries.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data on some Chinese firms, this study applied the zero-inflated negative binomial model and Heckman two-stage model to do the analyses.

Findings
This research found that firm age has different effects on Chinese firms’ OFDI in developed and developing countries. State ownership and industry munificence independently and jointly can moderate these effects.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the IPM and solves the theoretical conflict about the firm age–OFDI relationship.