bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated “gypsies in water” in the coastal region of Southeast China
Authors: He Guanglin , Zhang Yunhe , Wei Lan‐Hai , Wang Mengge , Yang Xiaomin , Guo Jianxin , Hu Rong , Wang Chuan‐Chao , Zhang Xianqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThree different hypotheses proposed via the controversial evidence from cultural, anthropological, and uniparental genetic analyses, respectively, stated that Tanka people probably originated from Han Chinese, ancient Baiyue tribe, or the admixture of them. Therefore, the genetic origin and admixture history of the Tanka people, an isolated “Gypsies in water” in the coastal region of Southeast China, are needed to be genetically clarified using genome‐wide SNP data.Materials and methodsTo elucidate the genetic origin of the Southeast Tanka people and explore their genetic relationship with surrounding indigenous Tai‐Kadai (TK), Hmong‐Mien (HM), and Austronesian (AN) people and Neolithic‐to‐historic ancients from the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Fujian, we conducted a large‐scale population genomic study among 1498 modern and ancient Eurasians, in which 73 Tanka and 4 Han people were first reported here. Both allele‐shared and haplotype‐based statistical methods were used here, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f‐statistics, ALDER, qpGraph/TreeMix and qpAdm/qpWave, ChromoPainter, and fineSTRUCTURE.ResultsWe found a specific genetic cline in PCA plots and detected the Tanka‐specific homogeneous ancestry in model‐based ADMIXTURE, suggesting differentiated demographic history between Tanka and surrounding Hans. Formal tests based on sharing allele patterns showed a close relationship between Tanka people and Han Chinese, but the Tanka population harbored more southern indigenous East Asian ancestry related to AA/HM/TK people compared with southern Hans. Besides, the reconstructed differentiated demographic history revealed that southern Xinshizhou Tankas harbored more ancestry related to the TK people or coastal ancient Neolithic to Bronze Age southern East Asians compared with northern Shacheng Tankas. The qpGraph−/TreeMix‐based phylogenetic framework, qpAdm/qpWave‐based admixture modeling among ancient northern and southern East Asians and fineSTRUCTURE‐based dendrogram further demonstrated that the primary ancestry of modern Tankas derived from ancient millet farmers in the YRB with additional admixture from multiple southern East Asian sources.DiscussionSharing ancestry estimated from the f‐statistics and sharing haplotypic landscape inferred from the ChromoPainter and fineSTRUCTURE showed that Southeast Tanka people not only had a close genetic relationship with both northern Hans and YRB millet farmers but also possessed southern East Asian ancestry related to AA/HM/TK speakers. Our genomic data and fitted admixture models supported modern Tanka originated from ancient North China and obtained additional gene flow from ancient southern East Asians in the processes of southward migrations.
Tuning the Spin State of the Iron Center by Bridge‐Bonded Fe‐O‐Ti Ligands for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liu Yarong , Liu Xiangjian , Lv Zunhang , Liu Rui , Li Liuhua , Wang Jinming , Yang Wenxiu , Jiang Xin , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExploring functional substrates and precisely regulating the electronic structures of atomic metal active species with moderate spin state are of great importance yet remain challenging. Hereon, we provide an axial Fe‐O‐Ti ligand regulated spin‐state transition strategy to improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of Fe centers. Theoretical calculations indicate that Fe‐O‐Ti ligands in FeN3O‐O‐Ti can induce a low‐to‐medium spin‐state transition and optimize O2adsorption by FeN3O. As a proof‐of‐concept, the oriented catalyst was prepared from atomic‐Fe‐doped polymer‐like quantum dots and ultrathin o‐terminated MXene. The optimal catalyst exhibits an intrinsic activity that is almost 5 times higher than the control sample (without axial Fe‐O‐Ti ligands). It also delivers a superior performance in Zn‐air batteries and H2/O2anion exchange membrane fuel cells in a wide‐temperature range.
Synthesis of Axially ChiralN‐Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids
Authors: Wang Ze‐Shu , Zhu Lu‐Jing , Li Cui‐Ting , Liu Bin‐Yang , Hong Xin , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, asymmetric catalysis of ynamides has attracted much attention, but these reactions mostly constructed central chirality, except for a few examples on the synthesis of axially chiral compounds which exclusively relied on noble‐metal catalysis. Herein, a facile access to axially chiralN‐heterocycles enabled by chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed 5‐endo‐digcyclization of ynamides is disclosed, which represents the first metal‐free protocol for the construction of axially chiral compounds from ynamides. This method allows the practical and atom‐economical synthesis of valuableN‐arylindoles in excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, organocatalysts and ligands based on such axially chiralN‐arylindole skeletons are demonstrated to be applicable to asymmetric catalysis.
Vulnerability analysis using evidence‐based traceability in the grain supply chain
Authors: Sharma Richa , Hurburgh Charles , Mosher Gretchen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis article analyses the approach of identifying critical traceability events (CTE) and corresponding key data elements (KDE). The CTE–KDE approach is evidence‐based that identifies, and documents activities. It can be easily performed by (i) auditors; (ii) food manufacturers/processors; (iii) food suppliers to access gaps in process and supply chain. For example, for a grain processor storage of grain is identified as a CTE performed under grain elevator, and the necessary KDE includes the location of storage bin and supplier details. The CTE–KDE approach requires verifiable data, and the ability to assess graduated levels of success based on data. This article proposes the use of vulnerability analysis to predict levels of success in each CTE–KDE situation.Significance and NoveltyA vulnerability analysis model identifies, quantifies, and prioritizes various factors responsible for reducing the efficacy of a system. Vulnerability analysis measures system attributes (data) related to: (i) frequency of occurrence; (ii) degree of impact of occurrence; and (iii) likelihood of detection. This article applies vulnerability analysis as a standard method for identifying when and how a traceability system will fail. Vulnerability analysis of an evidence‐based CTE–KDE framework accounts for complex interactions among supply chain participants' critical activities. The need for standard measures of evaluating traceability systems is clear. Such analysis must restrict CTE to be measurable events and key data elements to measurable system attributes.
L’impact de la fragilité de l’État sur les IDE entrants: Le rôle modérateur des ressources naturelles et de la gouvernance démocratique dans la région MENA
Authors: Triki Dora , Dimitrova Anna , Valentino Alfredo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main contribution of this study to the research in international business is to integrate “state fragility” as a multidimensional factor determining FDI inflows. By examining 17 countries in the MENA region during the period from 2002 to 2018, our results reveal that state fragility has a negative impact on inward FDI. However, this negative relationship turns out to be moderated by the host‐country natural resource endowment and democratic governance. While lower levels of democratic governance strengthen the negative impact of state fragility on FDI, contrary to our expectations, higher levels of natural resource endowment accentuate this negative impact, thus providing evidence for the “resource curse” phenomenon.
CHEMampere: Technologies for sustainable chemical production with renewable electricity and CO2, N2, O2, and H2O
Authors: Klemm Elias , Lobo Carlos M. S. , Löwe Armin , Schallhart Verena , Renninger Stephan , Waltersmann Lara , Costa Rémi , Schulz Andreas , Dietrich Ralph‐Uwe , Möltner Lukas , Meynen Vera , Sauer Alexander , Friedrich K. Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe chemical industry must become carbon neutral by 2050, meaning that process‐, energy‐, and product‐related CO2 emissions from fossil sources are completely suppressed. This goal can only be reached by using renewable energy, secondary raw materials, or CO2 as a carbon source. The latter can be done indirectly through the bioeconomy or directly by utilizing CO2 from air or biogenic sources (integrated biorefinery). Until 2030, CO2 waste from fossil‐based processes can be utilized to curb fossil CO2 emissions and reach the turning point of global fossil CO2 emissions. A technology mix consisting of recycling technologies, white biotechnology, and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies is needed to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. In this context, CHEMampere contributes to the goal of carbon neutrality with electricity‐based CCU technologies producing green chemicals from CO2, N2, O2, and H2O in a decentralized manner. This is an alternative to the e‐Refinery concept, which needs huge capacities of water electrolysis for a centralized CO2 conversion with green hydrogen, whose demand is expected to rise dramatically due to the decarbonization of the energy sector, which would cause a conflict of use between chemistry and energy. Here, CHEMampere's core reactor technologies, that is, electrolyzers, plasma reactors, and ohmic resistance heating of catalysts, are described, and their technical maturity is evaluated for the CHEMampere platform chemicals NH3, NOx, O3, H2O2, H2, CO, and CxHyOz products such as formic acid or methanol. Downstream processing of these chemicals is also addressed by CHEMampere, but it is not discussed here.
Normal development in Xenopus laevis: A complementary staging table for the skull based on cartilage and bone
Authors: MacKenzie Erin M. , Atkins Jade B. , Korneisel Dana E. , Cantelon Alanna S. , McKinnell Iain W. , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundXenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in the fields of genetics and development, and more recently evolution. At present, the most widely used staging table for X. laevis is based primarily on external features and does not describe the corresponding skull development in detail. Here, we describe skull development in X. laevis, complete with labeled figures, for each relevant stage in the most widely used staging table.ResultsWe find skull development in X. laevis is, for the most part, distinct at each of the previously established stages based on external anatomy. However, variation does exist in the timing of onset of ossification of certain bones in the skull, which results in a range of stages where a skull element first ossifies. The overall sequence of ossification is less variable than the timing of ossification onset.ConclusionsWhile events in skull development vary somewhat between specimens, and in comparison, to external events, this staging table is useful in showing both when bones first appear and for documenting the range of temporal variance in X. laevis skull development more accurately than previously done. Furthermore, when only skull data are available, the approximate stage of a specimen can now be determined.
Alternative LIM homeodomain splice variants are dynamically regulated at key developmental steps in vertebrates
Authors: Wheaton Benjamin Joel , Häggström Sara Lea , Muppavarapu Mridula , González‐Castrillón Luz María , Wilson Sara Ivy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlternative splicing provides a broad strategy to amplify the genome. Yet how alternative splicing influences neurodevelopment or indeed which variants are translated at developmental choice points remains poorly explored. Here we focused on a gene important for neurodevelopment, the Lim homeodomain transcription factor, Lhx9. Lhx9 has two noncanonical splice variants, Lhx9a and Lhx9b which compared with the canonical variant Lhx9c have a truncated homeodomain and an alternative C‐terminal sequence, suggesting that, if translated, these variants could differently impact on cellular function.ResultsWe created a unique antibody tool designed to selectively detect noncanonical Lhx9 variants (Lhx9ab) and used this to examine the protein expression dynamics in embryos. Lhx9ab variants were translated and dynamically expressed similarly between mouse and chicken at key developmental choice points in the spinal cord, limbs and urogenital ridge. Within the spinal cord, enrichment of Lhx9c vs Lhx9ab expression was observed during key migration and axonal projection choice points.ConclusionsThese data support the notion that the expression dynamics between canonical and noncanonical Lhx9 variants could play an important role in spinal neuron maturation. More broadly, determining the temporal dynamics of alternative protein variants is a key entry point to understand how splicing influences developmental processes.
Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination
Authors: Urlaub Doris , Wolfsdorff Natalie , Hoffmann Jan‐Erik , Dorok Stefanie , Hoffmann Markus , Anft Moritz , Pieris Naomi , Günther Patrick , Schaaf Bernhard , Cassens Uwe , Bröde Peter , Claus Maren , Picard Lea K. , Wingert Sabine , Backes Simone , Durak Deniz , Babel Nina , Pöhlmann Stefan , Renken Frank , Raunser Stefan , Watzl Carsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 are important to protect against infection and/or disease. Using an assay to detect antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike, we identified individuals with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after an outbreak at a local health institution. All but one COVID‐19 patient developed detectable anti‐RBD antibodies and 77% had virus neutralizing antibody titers of >1:25. Antibody levels declined slightly over time. However, we still detected virus neutralizing antibody titers in 64% of the COVID‐19 patients at >300 days after infection, demonstrating durability of neutralizing antibody levels after infection. Importantly, full COVID‐19 vaccination of these individuals resulted in higher antibody titers compared to fully vaccinated individuals in the absence of prior infection. These data demonstrate long‐lived antibody‐mediated immunity after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and a clear benefit of two vaccine doses for recovered individuals.
Demonstration of the Effectiveness of a Pilot, Variable Speed Crusher Featuring an In‐Line Oxygen Dosing System
Authors: Angeloni Giulia , Guerrini Lorenzo , Corti Ferdinando , Spadi Agnese , Calamai Luca , Parenti Alessandro , Masella Piernicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt the industrial scale, improvements to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) processing are an important opportunity to increase both added‐value, and the product's organoleptic and chemical parameters. Concerning all the operations used during EVOO extraction, crushing and malaxation have an effect on the extraction efficiency and minor components composition extremely significant. In this context, a pilot industrial‐scale crusher is designed and developed that can control the amount of oxygen that is dosed directly into the produced olive paste. In this study, the effectiveness of this new technique, combined with different crushing speeds on EVOO quality, is evaluated. It is demonstrated that supplying oxygen to the paste enriches the volatile fraction, the mean increase is about 30% for the compounds associated to positive sensory notes, while the concentrations of the compounds associated to sensory defects are stationary on 5.2 mg kg−1.Practical Applications: This result is confirmed by a sensory analysis, notably an increase in fruity intensity. It is also shown that crushing speed affects the extraction of compounds such as biophenols, and increases the bitter taste. Increased bitterness is detected for samples crushed at 3500 rpm compared to those crushed at lower speed (mean 5.7±0.3 compared to 4.5±0.4).
Effects of the air pollution dynamics on semen quality and sperm DNA methylation in men living in urban industrial agglomeration
Authors: Vozdova Miluse , Kubickova Svatava , Kopecka Vera , Sipek Jaroslav , Rubes Jiri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman populations living in urban industrial regions of developed countries are exposed to high levels of environmental pollutants. The reproductive consequences of the exposure to air pollution can be monitored through semen analysis and molecular methods. In this study, we tested the possible impact of seasonal changes in the level of air pollution on the semen quality and sperm DNA methylation of 24 men living and working in the industrial agglomeration of Ostrava (Czech Republic). The study participants were healthy non‐smokers. The study group was homogeneous regarding their profession, moderate alcohol consumption, no drug abuse and no additional exposure to chemical toxicants. We performed targeted methylation next generation sequencing (NGS) using Agilent SureSelect Human Methyl‐Seq and Illumina NextSeq 500 platform to analyze semen samples collected repeatedly from the same men following the season of high (winter) and low (summer) air pollution exposure. We did not detect any adverse effects of the increased exposure on the semen quality; neither we found any difference in average sperm DNA methylation between the two sampling periods. Our search for differentially methylated CpG sites did not reveal any specific CpG methylation change. Our data indicate that the seasonal changes in the level of the air pollution probably do not have any substantial effect on sperm DNA methylation of men living in the highly polluted industrial agglomeration for a long period of time.
The enigmatic figure of Leon Pierce Clark and his contribution to epilepsy
Authors: Shorvon Simon D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeon Pierce Clark (1870‐1933) was a prominent American neurologist and psychiatrist and an enigmatic figure. He made enduring contributions to status epilepticus and to epilepsy. In the 1910s and 1920s, his chief focus was on the psychological mechanisms of epilepsy and on the personality of those with idiopathic epilepsy which he interpreted from a psychoanalytical perspective. He also described the epileptic voice sign, wrote psychobiographies of among others Abraham Lincoln and Napoleon Bonaparte, and published a book of poetry. He held many important positions in American professional societies and yet was embroiled in controversy.
Development of a geomorphic monitoring strategy for stage 0 restoration in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon, USA
Authors: Hinshaw Sarah , Wohl Ellen , Burnett Jonathan D. , Wondzell Steve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe South Fork McKenzie River (SFMR) in western Oregon, USA hosts one of the largest Stage 0 stream restoration projects implemented to date. Stage 0 refers to a multichannel planform with strong hydrologic connectivity to the adjacent floodplain and surface–subsurface connectivity. Stage 0 restoration was implemented on a 900‐m‐long reach of the SFMR by re‐grading the channel and floodplain using 65,000 m3 of sediment to raise the channel bed. Thousands of large logs were added and the ends of some logs were buried in the sediment to provide foundations for future log jams. Our primary objective is to present a monitoring protocol based on randomly located sampling plots. We also analyze results from 2 years of data collection since project implementation. Within each plot, we measured canopy cover, wood volume, flow depth and velocity, organic cover (area covered by coarse and fine organic material), and substrate grain size. We used intracluster correlation coefficients and variance of measured variables to assess heterogeneity at three spatial scales: within plots, between adjacent plots, and across the entire site. Here, we evaluate changes in the first 2 years after restoration (i.e., not pre‐ vs. post‐restoration). We hypothesized that heterogeneity within a plot would decrease as the plot adjusted to local‐scale hydraulics and sediment and particulate material transport. We hypothesized that heterogeneity would increase between adjacent plots and across the entire site. We found that spatial heterogeneity of geomorphic variables decreased within plots. Heterogeneity of organic cover, sediment size, and flow depth increased between adjacent plots, although other variables did not change. Site‐scale heterogeneity decreased for all variables except organic cover and substrate. We interpret the observed geomorphic responses to reflect decreased longitudinal connectivity and increased lateral and vertical connectivity at the restoration site.
Time trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions in Dutch nursing home residents with dementia between 2003 and 2018
Authors: Du Jiamin , Janus Sarah , Voorthuis Brenda , van Manen Jeannette , Achterberg Wilco , Smalbrugge Martin , Zwijsen Sandra , Gerritsen Debby , Koopmans Raymond , Zuidema Sytse 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSeveral European studies investigated the trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions (PDPs) among nursing home (NH) residents and reported a decline in antipsychotics prescriptions. Since the Dutch long‐term care system differs from other European systems (e.g. higher threshold for NH admission and trained elderly care physicians), this study explores the trends in PDPs in Dutch NH residents with dementia.MethodsThe study used data from nine studies, comprising two cross‐sectional studies, one cohort study, and six cluster‐randomized controlled trials, collected in Dutch NHs between 2003 and 2018. With multilevel logistic regression analysis, NHs as a random effect, we estimated the trends in PDPs overall and for five specific psychotropic drug groups (antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anti‐dementia drugs), adjusting for confounders: age, gender, severity of dementia, severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and length of stay in NHs.ResultsThe absolute prescription rate of antipsychotics was 37.5% in 2003 and decreased (OR = 0.947, 95% CI [0.926, 0.970]) every year. The absolute prescription rate of anti‐dementia drugs was 0.8% in 2003 and increased (OR = 1.162, 95% CI [1.105, 1.223]) per year. The absolute rate of overall PDPs declined from 62.7% in 2003 to 40.4% in 2018.ConclusionsAmong Dutch NH residents with dementia, the odds of antipsychotics prescriptions decreased by 5.3% per year while the odds of anti‐dementia drug prescriptions increased by 16.2%. There were no distinct trends in antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics prescriptions. However, overall PDPs were still high. The PDPs in NH residents remain an issue of concern.