bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium optimization to analyze the protein composition of Bacillus pumilus HR10 antagonizing Sphaeropsis sapinea
Authors: Dai Yun , Wang Ya-Hui , Li Min , Zhu Mei-Ling , Wen Tong-Yue , Wu Xiao-Qin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA previous study found that a biocontrol bacterium, Bacillus pumilus HR10, inhibited the Sphaeropsis shoot blight disease of pine, and the fermentation broth of HR10 strain contained protein antifungal substances. The optimal formulation of the fermentation medium for the antagonistic substance of B. pumilus HR10 was finally obtained by single-factor test, Packett-Burman test, steepest ascent test and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) response surface test, and the best formulation of the fermentation medium for the antagonistic substance of B. pumilus HR10 was 12 g/L corn meal, 15 g/L beef extract and 13 g/L magnesium sulfate, with a predicted bacterial inhibition rate of 89%. The fermentation filtrate of B. pumilus HR10 cultured with the optimized medium formulation was verified to have an inhibition rate of (87.04 ± 3.2) % on the growth of Sphaeropsis sapinea by three replicate tests. The antagonistic crude protein of B. pumilus HR10 were further isolated and identified using HiTrap Capto Q strong Ion-Exchange Chromatography and LC–MS-MS, and it was speculated that glycoside hydrolase (Ghy), beta-glucanase (Beta), arabinogalactan endonuclease β-1,4-galactanase (Arab), and immunosuppressant A (ImA) are proteins with antagonistic activity against S. sapinea in the B. pumilus HR10.
Promising antimicrobials from Phoma spp.: progress and prospects
Authors: Rai Mahendra , Zimowska Beata , Gade Aniket , Ingle Pramod 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increasing multidrug-resistance in pathogenic microbes and the emergence of new microbial pathogens like coronaviruses have necessitated the discovery of new antimicrobials to treat these pathogens. The use of antibiotics began after the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming from Penicillium chrysogenum. This has attracted the scientific community to delve deep into the antimicrobial capabilities of various fungi in general and Phoma spp. in particular. Phoma spp. such as Phoma arachidicola, P. sorghina, P. exigua var. exigua, P. herbarum, P. multirostrata, P. betae, P. fimeti, P. tropica, among others are known to produce different bioactive metabolites including polyketides, macrosporin, terpenes and terpenoids, thiodiketopiperazines, cytochalasin derivatives, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. These bioactive metabolites have already demonstrated their antimicrobial potential (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) against various pathogens. In the present review, we have discussed the antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites produced by different Phoma species. We have also deliberated the biogenic synthesis of eco-friendly antimicrobial silver nanoparticles from Phoma and their role as potential antimicrobial agents.
Recent highlights in the immunomodulatory aspects of Treg cell-derived extracellular vesicles: special emphasis on autoimmune diseases and transplantation
Authors: Asemani Yahya , Najafi Sajad , Ezzatifar Fatemeh , Zolbanin Naime Majidi , Jafari Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to maintain immunological tolerance to self and non-self antigens, one’s T regulatory (Treg) cells play a critical role in the regulation of detrimental inflammation. Treg cells inhibit the immune system in a variety of ways, some of which are contact-dependent and the others are soluble factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mainly secretory membrane structures that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication in both the local and systemic environments, enabling the transport of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between immune and non-immune cells. A number of studies have shown that Treg-derived EVs are specially formulated intercellular exchanging devices capable of regulating immunological responses by producing a cell-free tolerogenic milieu. Some of the processes suggested include miRNA-induced gene shutdown and upmodulation, surface protein activity, and enzyme transfer. Instead of being influenced by external circumstances like Tregs, exosomes’ cohesive structure allows them to transmit their charge intact across the blood–brain barrier and deliver it to the target cell with particular receptors. These properties have resulted in the use of Treg-derived EVs' immunomodulatory effects moving beyond laboratory research and into preclinical applications in animal models of a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and transplant rejection disorders. However, insufficient evidence has been produced to permit enrollment in human clinical studies. As such, we begin our research by introducing the most potent immunosuppressive elements discovered in Treg-derived EVs elucidating likely mechanisms of action in inhibiting immunological responses. Following that, we address recent research on the potential of suppressive EVs to regulate autoimmune inflammatory responses and improve tissue transplant survival.
Does the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb® reduce vancomycin exposure in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock? a prospective observational study
Authors: Scharf Christina , Weinelt Ferdinand , Schroeder Ines , Paal Michael , Weigand Michael , Zoller Michael , Irlbeck Michael , Kloft Charlotte , Briegel Josef , Liebchen Uwe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemadsorption of cytokines is used in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. Concerns have been raised that the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb® unintentionally adsorbs vancomycin. This study aimed to quantify vancomycin elimination by CytoSorb®.

Methods
Critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock receiving continuous renal replacement therapy and CytoSorb® treatment during a prospective observational study were included in the analysis. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics was characterized using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Adsorption of vancomycin by the CytoSorb® was investigated as linear or saturable process. The final model was used to derive dosing recommendations based on stochastic simulations.

Results
20 CytoSorb® treatments in 7 patients (160 serum samples/24 during CytoSorb®-treatment, all continuous infusion) were included in the study. A classical one-compartment model, including effluent flow rate of the continuous hemodialysis as linear covariate on clearance, best described the measured concentrations (without CytoSorb®). Significant adsorption with a linear decrease during CytoSorb® treatment was identified (p < 0.0001) and revealed a maximum increase in vancomycin clearance of 291% (initially after CytoSorb® installation) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 572 mg. For a representative patient of our cohort a reduction of the area under the curve (AUC) by 93 mg/L*24 h during CytoSorb® treatment was observed. The additional administration of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb® attenuated the effect and revealed a negligible reduction of the AUC by 4 mg/L*24 h.

Conclusion
We recommend the infusion of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb® treatment to avoid subtherapeutic concentrations.
Trial registration NCT03985605. Registered 14 June 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03985605
Assessing volcanic hazard and exposure to lava flows at remote volcanic fields: a case study from the Bolaven Volcanic Field, Laos
Authors: Verolino Andrea , Jenkins Susanna F. , Sieh Kerry , Herrin Jason S. , Schonwalder-Angel Dayana , Sihavong Vanpheng , Oh Jee Hon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoutheast Asia is home to a large number of active and well-studied volcanoes, the majority of which are located in Indonesia and the Philippines. Northern Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) also hosts volcanoes that for several reasons (post-World War II conflicts, poor accessibility due to dense vegetation, no known historical activity) have been poorly studied. Systematic assessments of the threat these volcanoes pose to resident populations do not exist, despite evidence of numerous eruptions through the late Pleistocene and likely even during the Holocene. A recent study inferred the location of the Australasian meteorite impact to be beneath the Bolaven Volcanic Field in southern Laos; this study provided a wealth of data for the field: in particular, mapping of vents and flows, and their relative or absolute ages. The Bolaven Volcanic Field (16 Ma—< 40 ka) has a surface area of about 5000 km2, contains nearly 100 scoria cones and more than 100 individual lava flows. Some lava flow systems are as long as 50 km, with thickness ranging from a few meters at the flow edges, up to > 50 m in some locations. Building upon this foundation, we used the Bolaven Volcanic Field as a case study for assessing the potential exposure of populations and infrastructure to lava flows during future effusive eruptions. Our study uses remote sensing to map past flows and vents (i.e. scoria cones), lava-flow simulations from new simulated vents, and open-access exposure data, to assess hazards and exposure. Our results show that future vents are most likely to occur in a N-S band atop the Bolaven plateau, with some flows channelling into canyons and spilling down the plateau flanks onto lower plains that support more populated areas such as the provincial centre, Pakse. Our exposure assessment suggests that around 300,000 people could experience socio-economic impacts from future lava flow inundations. The largest impacts would be on two of the main economic sectors in the region, agriculture and hydropower. The potential also exists for life-threatening explosions from interactions between magma and surface waters, which are abundant in the region. We estimate an average recurrence interval of approximately 10,400 years, based on information from lava flows and scoria cones.
Analytical offloading design for mobile edge computing-based smart internet of vehicle
Authors: Lu Jinrong , Chen Lunyuan , Xia Junjuan , Zhu Fusheng , Tang Maobin , Fan Chengyuan , Ou Jiangtao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how to analytically design an analytical offloading strategy for a multiuser mobile edge computing (MEC)-based smart internet of vehicle (IoV), where there are multiple computational access points (CAPs) which can help compute tasks from the vehicular users. As it is difficult to derive an analytical offloading ratio for a general MEC-based IoV network, we turn to provide an analytical offloading scheme for some special MEC networks including one-to-one, one-to-two and two-to-one cases. For each case, we study the system performance by using the linear combination of latency and energy consumption, and derive the analytical offloading ratio through minimizing the system cost. Simulation results are finally presented to verify the proposed studies. In particular, the proposed analytical offloading scheme can achieve the optimal performance of the brute force (BF) scheme. The analytical results in this paper can serve as an important reference for the analytical offloading design for a general MEC-based IoV.
Optimal time-decay rates of the Keller–Segel system coupled to compressible Navier–Stokes equation in three dimensions
Authors: Guo Yuting , Sun Rui , Wang Weiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, Hattori–Lagha established the global existence and asymptotic behavior of the solutions for a three-dimensional compressible chemotaxis system with chemoattractant and repellent (Hattori and Lagha in Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 41(11):5141–5164, 2021). Motivated by Hattori–Lagha’s work, we further investigated the optimal time-decay rates of strong solutions with small perturbation to the three-dimensional Keller–Segel system coupled to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, which models for the motion of swimming bacteria in a compressible viscous fluid. First, we reformulate the system into a perturbation form. Then we establish a prior estimates of solutions and prove the existence of the global-in-time solutions based on the local existence of unique solutions. Finally, we will establish the optimal time-decay rates of the nonhomogeneous system by the decomposition technique of both low and high frequencies of solutions as in (Wang and Wen in Sci. China Math., 2020, 10.1007/s11425-020-1779-7). Moreover, the decay rate is optimal since it agrees with the solutions of the linearized system.
Modern estates and the production of Lisbon’s suburbs: from the planned to the lived neighbourhood
Authors: Pereira Sandra Marques , Corte-Real Madalena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlto da Barra and Portela are two modern estates designed by the same architect and located on two sides of the periphery of Lisbon: the west side, Costa do Sol, where the river meets the Atlantic and the east, with no label, which is upstream. The estates were planned and built in the same period (1960s to 1970s), the height of Lisbon’s urban development. This article presents a comparative analysis of these estates: their plans, implementation, social appropriation and resilience, by exploring the sociological profile and place-attachment perceptions of their inhabitants. The analysis also contextualises the development of the estates within the consolidation of these two quite different Lisbon peripheries: the west side traditionally highly valued in relation to the east. An intensive methodology was developed—case studies of the two estates—combining quantitative (survey, inter-census analysis) and qualitative (interviews and documentary analysis) methods. In addition to the differences between the two estates, which were largely due to their specificities in terms of geographic location and status, both reveal significant feelings of place-attachment and a rejection of the suburbia label.
The use of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to investigate deterioration in vegetable tanned leather: potential applications in heritage science
Authors: Dickinson Elizabeth , High Kirsty E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vegetable tanned leather presents a unique challenge to conservators and curators of heritage collections, as little is known about how its physical and chemical properties change upon deterioration. Developing a better understanding of deterioration processes would be incredibly valuable in informing the conservation, storage, and restoration of leather objects. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) used with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) is increasingly applied in the heritage sector due to its relative ease of application and potential to be non-destructive. However, whilst FTIR has been applied successfully to the understanding of deterioration in other protein-based materials such as parchment, its application to the analysis of leather has been limited, largely due to the highly complex spectra obtained. Here, we have developed multivariate statistical methods for the analysis of FTIR data obtained from a time-series of leather samples artificially degraded at different pH values. Principal component analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and k-means clustering, when used together, are demonstrated as powerful tools in identifying early subtle differences in the FTIR spectra as leather degrades, identifying differences occurring over time and between different environmental conditions. We show that k-means clustering of time series data was able to highlight some areas of the spectrum that might be indicative of degradation, which more common chemometric techniques could not. The methods we describe here have the potential to widen the application of FTIR as a fast, non-destructive and reliable tool for assessing the condition of archaeological and historical leather objects, ultimately leading to better informed conservation, storage and restoration of these objects.
Back to race, not beyond race: multiraciality and racial identity in the United States and Brazil
Authors: Mitchell Jasmine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn contrast to discourses of multiraciality as leading to a future beyond race, this commentary looks at how multiracial discourses and symbols underline race. Taking an overview of multiracial discourses and identities in relation to Blackness in the United States and Brazil, this commentary examines the deployment of multiraciality to maintain white supremacy. Under global capitalism, United States multicultural discourses, and Latin American foundational narratives, multiracial peoples are often propped up as a solution to racism, the eradication of race, or reduced to racial binaries centering whiteness. The section ends with considerations of how fears of racial passing and fraud coincide with multiracial identities. Questions for further consideration on the nexus of political identities and racial identities are proposed in relation to multiraciality.
A SNP in the 5’ flanking region of the SAA1 gene is associated with serum levels of serum amyloid A and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ahlin Sofie , Löfgren Maja , Taube Magdalena , Andersson-Assarsson Johanna C. , Peltonen Markku , Svensson Per-Arne , Jacobson Peter , Carlsson Lena MS , Sjöholm Kajsa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Elevated serum levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examine associations between allelic variation in the rs11024595 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5’ flanking region of the SAA1 gene and adipose tissue gene expression, serum levels of SAA and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
DNA samples from 729 participants in the SibPair study, comprising weight discordant siblings and their biological parents, and 3542 participants (1783 patients treated with bariatric surgery and 1759 controls) from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study were used. The rs11024595 SNP was genotyped in both cohorts using Pyrosequencing or the Sequenom MassARRAY platform, respectively. Blood chemistry and anthropometry were assessed at study start. Adipose tissue SAA1 gene expression and serum levels of SAA in the SibPair study were analyzed with DNA microarray or immunoassay, respectively.

Results
In the SibPair study, the rs11024595 SNP was associated with serum levels of SAA (P = 0.0050) where T allele carriers displayed lower levels of SAA (P = 0.0025) but no association between genotype and adipose tissue SAA1 gene expression was found. In the SOS study, the rs11024595 SNP was associated with serum levels of HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0045), triglycerides (P = 0.025) and apolipoprotein E (P = 0.026). Moreover, T allele carriers had lower levels of HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0148), but higher levels of triglycerides (P = 0.0418) and apolipoprotein E (P = 0.028) compared to C allele homozygotes. The rs11024595 SNP was also associated with plasma glucose (P = 0.044).

Conclusions
The rs11024595 SNP in the 5’ flanking region of the SAA1 gene is associated with both serum levels of SAA and other cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies are required to elucidate whether the rs11024595 SNP can affect the risk of cardiovascular events.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01479452 Registered 24 November 2011 - retrospectively registered.
Prevalence of school bullying and its relationship with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Metwaly Nabil A. , Elbeh Khaled , Galal Marwa Salah , Shaaban Islam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
School bullying is the most widespread form of violence among adolescents. It has been identified as a critical problem for students and has evolved into a public health issue and global crisis. The study aims to assess the prevalence of school bullying among primary school students and its relationship with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorders. Among the 280 primary school students those aged 10–12 years were recruited. All participants were assessed by parent interview, the Arabic version of the bullying behavior scale for children and adolescents and the Arabic version of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-28.

Results
We found that the prevalence rate of bullying behavior was 12.5% among students. In bullying students’ group, males were higher percentage (15.8%) than females (9%). Also, they had the highest mean scores regarding verbal bullying and social bullying, followed by psychological and physical bullying. Regarding Conners’, the higher mean scores of conduct problem, passive-inattentive, and hyperactivity index were associated with bullying students in compared to students without bullying.

Conclusions
The prevalence of school bullying among primary school students was 12.5%. Also, there was significant association between bullying students and having attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and/or conduct disorder.
Post Hoc Analysis of Lorlatinib Intracranial Efficacy and Safety in Patients With ALK-Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer From the Phase III CROWN Study
Authors: Solomon Benjamin J. , Bauer Todd M. , Ignatius Ou Sai-Hong , Liu Geoffrey , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Bearz Alessandra , Penkov Konstantin , Wu Yi-Long , Arrieta Oscar , Jassem Jacek , Calella Anna M. , Peltz Gerson , Polli Anna , Thurm Holger , Mok Tony 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Lorlatinib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus crizotinib and showed robust intracranial activity in patients with previously untreated advanced ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the phase III CROWN trial. Here, we report post hoc efficacy outcomes in patients with and without brain metastases at baseline, and present data on the incidence and management of CNS adverse events (AEs) in CROWN. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to first-line lorlatinib (100 mg once daily) or crizotinib (250 mg twice a day); no crossover between treatment arms was permitted. Tumor assessments, including CNS magnetic resonance imaging, were performed at screening and then at 8-week intervals. Regular assessments of patient-reported outcomes were conducted. RESULTS PFS by blinded independent central review was improved with lorlatinib versus crizotinib in patients with and without brain metastases at baseline (12-month PFS rates: 78% v 22% and 78% v 45%, respectively). Lorlatinib was associated with lower 12-month cumulative incidence of CNS progression versus crizotinib in patients with (7% v 72%) and without (1% v 18%) brain metastases at baseline. In total, 35% of patients had CNS AEs with lorlatinib, most of grade 1 severity. Occurrence of CNS AEs did not result in a clinically meaningful difference in patient-reported quality of life. At analysis, 56% of CNS AEs had resolved (33% without intervention; 17% with lorlatinib dose modification), and 38% were unresolved; most required no intervention. Lorlatinib dose modification did not notably influence PFS. CONCLUSION First-line lorlatinib improved PFS outcomes and reduced CNS progression versus crizotinib in patients with advanced ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer with or without brain metastases at baseline. Half of all CNS AEs resolved without intervention or with lorlatinib dose modification.