bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE APPLICATION OF MATRIX SCALING AND POWERING METHODS OF SMALL STATE SPACES FOR SOLVING TRANSIENT DISTRIBUTION IN MARKOV CHAIN
Authors: Agboola Olanrewaju , Nehad Ali S. 
Published: April 2022

The iterative solution methods for transient distribution in Markov chain is the computation of state probability distributions at an arbitrary point of time, which in the case of a discrete-time Markov chain means, finding the distribution at some arbitrary time step denoted , a row vector whose component is the probability that the Markov chain is in state at time step . In this study, the solutions of transient distribution in Markov chain using matrix scaling and powering methods for small state spaces which produce a significantly more accurate response in less time for some types of situations and also, tries to get to the end result as quickly as possible has been investigated, in order to provide some insight into the solutions of transient distribution of Markov chain. Our goal is to compute solutions and algorithms for tiny state spaces utilizing matrix scaling and powering approaches, which begin with an initial estimate of the solution vector and then comes closer and closer to the true solution with each step or iteration. With the help of several existing Markov chain laws, theorems, and formulas, matrices operations such as multiplication with one or more vectors, Padé variant of the matrix-powering and scaling technique are used. While the algorithms are explained, the transient distribution vector’s Padé approximants , and a backward error analysis of the Padé approximation are obtained for certain illustrative examples..
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, SENSORY EVALUATION AND PRODUCTION OF COOKIES (BISCUIT) FROM FINGER MILLET AND WHEAT FLOUR
Authors: Bashir Musa , Ibrahim Aminu , Idi Aminu , Abdulmalik Muhammed 
Published: April 2022

Finger millet (Eleusinecoracana), is an important staple food because of its excellent storage properties, and nutritive value, resistance to disease and tolerance to soil moisture stress. The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional composition of cookies (Biscuit) produced from combination of finger millet and wheat flour and its sensory properties. Biscuit was produced from the formulated ratios (W:F 100, FM:100, W:F 95:5, W:F 90:10 and W:F 80:20) of wheat and finger millet respectively. Proximate composition and sensory evaluation were carried out using standard methods. The results of proximate composition for ration W:F 95:5 shows significant different compare to other ratios and individual flours, additionally the same product shows highly acceptable by the respondent for its taste, flavor and texture than cookies of other composition. Therefore it can be concluded that the product from formulated ratio WF: FM 95%:5% was best cookies highly acceptable. However consumption of such products are highly encouraged and less course effective.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGROWASTES MODIFIED FIBER AND LIGNIN AND THEIR HYDROTHERMALLY CARBONIZED PRODUCTS
Authors: Itiveh Gideon , Adeyemi Modupe M. , Nimyel Henry S. , Ahmedu Daniel O 
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the use of gravimetric method of analysis to determine the Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) of some Agro wastes and their hydrothermally carbonized products with a view of evaluating the energy production potential. The results showed that most of the carbonized products had more ADF values as compared to their uncarbonized precursors except for cassava peels and plantain peduncle, which have values of 39.20% as against 21.65% and 41.19% and 28.22% respectively. The ADL values were all lower than those of ADF. The percentage difference for the pairs of the crop wastes and their hydrothermally carbonized products gave the highest of ADF of 54.91% for maize comb and -44.77% for cassava peels. For the ADL, the range of percentage difference is between 60.20% for rice husk and -62.23% for beans husk. With the high ADF values for the agro - wastes and their hydrothermally carbonized products, these materials could be exploited for various energy generation.
GOODNESS OF FIT TEST FOR WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL USING FIVE PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS FOR SOME SELECTED CITIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Peter John M. , Mohammed Maina , Bello A. A. , Burari F. W. , Tijjani A. 
Published: April 2022

This research gives a better understanding on wind energy availability for some selected cities in Nigeria, such as Katsina, Sokoto, Bauchi, Maiduguri, Abuja, Jos, Abeokuta, Lagos, Enugu, Owerri, Calabar and Benin City respectively. Twenty Years (2000-2020) average wind speed data obtained from NIMET Headquarters Abuja, were analysed and fitted with five probability density functions such as normal, Weibull, Rayleigh, lognormal and Gamma Function with fixed shape parameter (K), but different scale parameters (C) in the model. The results of goodness of fit test based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson – Darling shows that all the probability distribution functions are accepted at maximum difference, less than their critical values, (= 0.0853 and 0.0855). While in the A-D tests, all the distribution functions hold except lognormal distribution function which is satisfactory for Jos and Abuja with an observed significant level (OSL) ranging from (0.7497 - 0.7497). Therefore, this results can be used for investors on wind power and also improve wind farm project for surface wind electrification
EFFECTS OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES ISOLATED FROM SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE ON MOLECULAR CHANGES FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY ON WISTAR RATS
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) may occur as a result of traumatic crash to the spine that dislocates one or many vertebrae. SCI has two events to bring about the injury in the spinal cord that result at the end it will lead to bad consequences and loss of neurons; SCI complications are general loss of motor and sensory function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are very small vesicles produced by cells that contribute to cell to cell communication, transferring bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of EVs on inflammasomes complex after SCI on rats. EVs were harvested characterized and cultured as exosomes, the animals are divided to 5 groups: control, sham, vehicle, SCI + treatment, SCI + EVs group. Spinal cord injury was induced using weight compression. 10 μl of EVs were injected intrathecally into lumber cistern in a space between L4-L5 laminae slowly. Gene expression of Caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 were determined by RT-PCR. Western blot for determining the protein content of the inflammasomes were carried out. SCI up regulated the level of inflammasome complex both mRNA and proteins. Inthrathecal injection of EVs down regulated the inflammasome complex and make neuronal recovery. SCI can up regulate the level of inflammasome complex both mRNA and proteins. EVs are good therapeutic agent for SCI and increase neuronal recovery, inthrathecal injection is the best method of injection MSCs for treatment of SCI.
INFANT AND YOUNG-CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES FOR UNDER-TWO CHILDREN INVOLVED IN COMMUNITY INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PROGRAMME IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: Abdullahi Haruna , Olamuyiwa Adeyemi Owolabi , Ndidi Uche Samuel , Hassan Shehu Mohammed , Jajere Usman Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Infant and young child feeding practices have substantial consequences for the growth, development, and survival of infants and children during the first two years of life and throughout life. The study aimed to assess the infant and young child feeding practices among the caregiver of children (0 -23 months) enrolled in a community infant and young child feeding programme. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect informations. The major food consumed was legumes (62.7%) and cereals (60.8%). Over (74.8%) of the caregivers were still breastfeeding during the period of the study, (22%) of caregivers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth and 8.2% exclusively breastfed their children; the majority (91.7%) of the caregivers breastfed on demand. Only (24.5%) of the caregiver met minimum meal frequencies, (10.1%) diversified their diet, while (47.5%) met the minimum acceptable diet. Almost two third of the indices measured for the quality of Communit Infant and Young Child Feeding programme was rated very good in Wucicciri , rated poor in Rafin Magaji and also poor in Babban Dodo primary health care. This study revealed inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices in study area, despite being enrolled in the Communit Infant and Young Child Feeding programme. Therefore, these poor practices needed urgent action and aggressive sustained intervention.
HEAT WAVE AND ITS IMPACT IN NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka , Yakubu Mingyi Samuel 
Published: April 2022

Heatwaves are significant natural disaster that is caused primarily by extreme temperatures. The extreme heat events associated with heatwaves often cause severe health complications and deaths. In view of the environmental hazards associated with heatwaves, this study investigated the impact of heatwaves in Yobe State, northeast Nigeria. Temperature and humidity data of thirty years (1991-2020) for the hot season (March-June), were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) Abuja. Time series analysis and basic statistical tools were used to analysis the data which was used to evaluate the trend of heatwaves and their impact in the study area. The results of the study showed that 2010 was extremely hot with an average maximum temperature anomaly of 2.18, while 2013 and 2015 have an average maximum temperature anomaly of 1.93 respectively, and were very hot. The trend in the average maximum temperature anomaly of the study area showed a continuous increase in extreme heat for about a decade (2009-2020). The positive temperature trend and the average maximum temperature anomaly showed that the intensity of heatwaves in the study area will increase in the future as a result of global warming caused by the continuous emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The results also showed that the heatwaves were exacerbated by the drought which occurred between 2010 and 2014. The annual heat index which range from 29.4oC - 34oC in the study area showed that the heatwaves have impacted both human and animals negatively in the area.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN LOCAL COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. (WALP) VARIETIES
Authors: Bala Isah 
Published: April 2022

Organogenesis in vitro was evaluated in explants derived from shoot apices of two local cowpea varieties cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. To evaluate the response of the cowpea genotypes to in vitro regeneration, seedlings were drived from zygotic embryos excised from surface sterilized seeds after two weeks of culture on MS basal medium + vitamins supplement with 30% sucrose. To regenerate shoots, apices of the In Vitro seedlings with average length of 1cm were excised and cultured on MS supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5mg/L 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP) with or without 0.1mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for six weeks. Variation was observed in response of the shoot apices from different cowpea cultivars to in vitro regeneration of shoots. The highest shoot number was recorded with Danilla and shoot length was highest in Kanannado, indicating that Danilla responded well to in vitro regeneration. While there were significant differences between these concentrations and other concentrations used in this study on the number of shoots produced, statistically there was no difference between the traetments tested on the in vitro shoot length recorded in this study.Although shoots were succesfully regenerated in this study rooting was not achieved as the explants gradually transformed into calli
SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY MULTIGROUPS
Authors: Ifetoye O. O. , Isah A. I. , Tella Y. 
Published: April 2022

The concept of fuzzy multigroup is an algebraic structure of a fuzzy multiset that generalizes both the classical group and fuzzy group. In fact, fuzzy multigroup constitutes an application of fuzzy multiset to the elementary theory of classical group. In this paper, some notions of fuzzy multigroup such as normal series and its properties, fuzzy multigroupoid, fuzzy multimonoid, centralizer of fuzzy multigroup etc., were presented. Some theorems on these together with their proofs were formulated. Some related results on fuzzy multigroups were established
التنظيم القانوني للمرافق الطبية العامة المتخصصة بمعالجة الادمان على المخدرات
Authors: حمزة المخزومي وليد مرزة , عبيد ريام كريم 
Published: April 2022

ان تزايد تعاطي المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية في الآونة وما رافقه من تزايد اعداد المدمنين الاخيرة على هذه المواد اجب على الادارة الاهتمام بهذا الموضوع حماية للصحة العامة من اخطار المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية .
لا يقف دور الادارة عند مواجهة التعامل بهذه المواد وانما تقديم الدعم والعلاج واعادة التأهيل لمتعاطي المواد المخدرة والمؤثرات العقلية باعتبارهم من المرضى اللذين يحتاجون الى هذه الخدمات وفقا للسياسة التشريعية التي تتبناها الدولة تجاه المدمنين و من خلال المرافق الطبية المختصة بالعلاج وتقديم الخدمات التي تساعد الافراد في التخلص من مشاكل الادمان ودمجهم في المجتمع كأفراد صالحيين .
فمن خلال البحث نسلط الضوء على اهمية هذه المرافق ودورها في تقديم الخدمات والعلاج للمرضى ومدى فاعليتها في الحد من الاثار الخطيرة لانتشار المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية سوء كان في القانون العراقي او القوانين في الدول المقارنة لكل من فرنسا والمانيا.
حكم الخصخصة بمفهومها القانوني في التشريع العراقي – دراسة مقارنه مع التشريع الفرنسي
Authors: عبدالقادر بان صلاح , ابراهيم رباب خليل 
Published: April 2022

تسعى الدول الى تنظيم الحياة الاقتصادية والمالية لها لضمان بقائها واستمرارها لقيامها باداء المهام الموكولة لها في تنظيم المرافق العامة وضمان سيرها لتضمن استمراها في تقديم الخدمات العامة لشعوبها, وقد تلجأ تلك الدول باتباع سياسات اقتصادية جديدة لم تكن تلجا اليها مسبقا ومنها سياسة الخصخصة, وهذا يتطلب منها ان تضع الاحكام الدستورية والقانونية المنظمة لهذه السياسة الاقتصادية حفاضا على مبدأي الشرعية والمشروعية وهي بصدد ادائها لاعمالها, لذا فان البحث قد كشف عن حكم الخصخصة كسياسة اقتصادية في التشريع العراقي مقارنة مع التشريع الفرنسي لغرض بيان القصور في التنظيم التشريعي لهذه السياسة, وقدم التوصيات اللازمة لضمان تطبيق هذه السياسة بصورة قانونية سليمة وبما يخدم المصلحة الاقتصادية العليا للدولة ويضمن استمرار الدولة في تقديم خدماتها العامة .
التدابير الوقائية في الجرائم المضرة بالصحة العامة
Authors: داوود صباح سامي , أكبر كولجين علي 
Published: April 2022

إن الوقاية من الجريمة أمر مهم وفي مجال الصحة العامة فإن الجانب الوقائي له دور هام كما إن للجانب العلاجي دوره ،فإن التدابير الوقائية في الجرائم المضرة بالصحة العامة لها دورها الهام إلى جانب الأساليب الردعية ،وقد حدد المشرع العراقي مجموعة من التدابير الوقائية لمكافحة الجرائم المضرة بالصحة العامة كالتدابير الوقائية لمنع انتقال الأمراض المعدية فضلا عن الاهتمام بالتربية والرعاية الصحية ،والبيئة الصحية السليمة وذلك للمحافظة على الصحة العامة .
ونحن بدورنا قمنا بدراسة التدابير الوقائية في الجرائم المضرة بالصحة العامة وتحديد أهمية دورها في الوقاية من الجريمة ومنع وقوعها وبينا موقف كل من التشريع العراقي والاتفاقيات الدولية ، ومدى اهتمامها بالمنهج الوقائي .
وقسمنا البحث إلى مبحثين خصصنا الأول لبيان مفهوم التدابير الوقائية ،أما المبحث الثاني وضحنا فيه دور التدابير الوقائية في حماية الصحة العامة ،متبعين في البحث المنهج التحليلي الوصفي .
حلّ المنازعات الناشئة عن التقصير في عقد الإجارة: دراسة في شركة Bowriz لإجارة السيارات بماجيلانج في منظور الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: Lahuri Setiawan , Putra Okky Mahdi Indrawan , Zuhroh Ainun Amalia 
Published: April 2022

إنّ مع تقدم العصر، ظهر كثير أشخاص أو شركات تعمل في مجال إجارة السيارات بسبب أهمية النقل خاصة السيارة وكان ثمنها غاليا جدا. من إجارة السيارة هذا، تنشأ عقد الإجارة. بالنسبة لكل الطرفين يرغبان في الحصول على الملاحظات المفيدة، لكن الواقع في الميدان هناك الحالة لا يتحقق فيها الإنجاز أو يقال إنها "التقصير". حدث التقصير أيضًا في إجارة سيارة Bowriz الذي كان موضوع البحث. من هذا البيان، تنشأ المسألة هي ما تطبيق حل المنازعات الناشئة عن التقصير في إجارة السيارات Bowriz و كيف منظور الشريعة الإسلامية في حلها.وهذا البحث يهدف لمعرفة تطبيق حل المنازعات الناشئة عن التقصير في إجارة السيارات Bowriz ومنظور الشريعة الإسلامية في حلها. كان أسلوب جمع البيانات هي المقابلة والملاحظة المباشرة، وطلب وثائق إجارة السيارات. يتم تحليل البيانات في هذا البحث باستخدام طرق التحليل النوعي مع النهج الاستقرائي. الشريعة الإسلامية المستخدمة هي مبدأ المعاملات الذي أوصى به القرآن والسنة. تظهر نتائج البحث الذي تم إجراؤه أن حل المنازعات في هذه إجارة السيارات بطريقة المداولة والوساطة. يوافق هاتان الطريقتان مع الشريعة الإسلامية لأنهما موافقة بمبدأ المعاملات.

الكلمة الدليلية: حل المنازعات، التقصير، عقد الإجارة
As prateleiras imaginárias de nossas bibliotecas interiores
Authors: Louichon Brigitte 
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo, Louichon trata da noção de biblioteca interior, fazendo um apanhado histórico sobre o uso dessa expressão por alguns autores, e propõe uma noção que seja útil e operacional do ponto de vista do ensino e da formação no contexto da didática da literatura.
Cytotoxicity of plasma-irradiated lactate solution produced under atmospheric airtight conditions and generation of the methyl amino group
Authors: Ito Daiki , Iwata Naoyuki , Ishikawa Kenji , Nakamura Kae , Hashizume Hiroshi , Miron Camelia , Tanaka Hiromasa , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Toyokuni Shinya , Mizuno Masaaki , Hori Masaru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ringer’s lactate solution was irradiated with non-equilibrium plasma under airtight conditions. The plasma-activated lactate (PAL) was produced with argon, oxygen, and nitrogen gases following purging of Ar. Cytotoxicity could be controlled by diluting PAL, and a killing effect was selectively obtained on cancer cells compared to normal cells for Ar+O2+N2 PALs. Nonetheless, cytotoxicity was partly reproduced by similar concentrations of H2O2 and NO2
− in the PALs. The organics produced by plasma irradiation to lactate were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance, and the generation of methyl amino species was confirmed.
CONSUMO DE CIANURO DE CONCENTRADO DE PIRITA AURIFERA, EMPLEANDO OZONO COMO PRETRATAMIENTO
Authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez Carolina de Jesús , Salas-Puente Gabriela , Baltazar-Vera Juan Carlos , Valtierra-Olivares Joel Everardo , Alonso-Gonzalez Omero 
Published: April 2022

La pirita (FeS2) es el segundo mineral huésped más común de las especies de oro. Esta asociación presenta una complejidad diversa, ya que el oro puede encontrarse finamente diseminado ó incluido a tamaño muy fino (0.1 a 1.0 µm), por lo que requieren condiciones de trituración extremas y/u oxidación para liberar el oro. En este trabajo se evaluó el consumo de cianuro cuando un concentrado de pirita aurífero es sometido a un pretratamiento con ozono antes de la cianuración. Se realizaron pruebas de cianuración a 1000 y 3000 ppm de CN- para un concentrado de pirita con una ley de 67.44% de FeS2, observándose una reducción en el consumo de cianuro del 54% y 69% para dichas concentraciones de cianuro, cuando el mineral se somete a un pre-tratamiento con ozono. Estos resultados sugieren que el uso del ozono, además de incrementar la recuperación de plata, genera un impacto ambiental significativo.
« Regarder abstractivement les œuvres »
Authors: Hamon Philippe 
Published: April 2022

Une réflexion proprement poéticienne semble avoir du mal à se constituer au xix e siècle sur les brisées de l’esthétique et de la critique, et sur les ruines et le discrédit de l’ancienne rhétorique ; cela, paradoxalement, alors qu’un désir de « méthode » et de scientificité se met à hanter toutes les disciplines. Elle semble ne s’esquisser, çà et là, que dans les marges laissées par le primat des approches historiques de la littérature : dans la caricature, le pamphlet, le pastiche, les parodies de typologies des physiologies « comiques », les procès, la correspondance privée, le Journal, la préface, le brouillon.
« Je vous apprendrai une poétique toute nouvelle » : Balzac, une poétique de l’ironisation
Authors: Bierce Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Comment, dans la société issue de la Révolution française et en proie à une instabilité axiologique fondamentale, représenter dans et par le roman les fluctuations du réel et interroger le devenir de l’individu moderne ? Tandis que dans le premier xix e siècle le questionnement sur la crise du sens et la figurabilité de la désagrégation du réel se traduit massivement par la mélancolie, d’une part, et par l’idéal de transparence et de signification de l’esthétique « réaliste », d’autre part, la poétique qui préside à la création romanesque balzacienne constitue une originalité profonde et fondamentale : l’auteur de La Comédie humaine interroge en effet la lisibilité du monde moderne à partir de ce que nous proposons d’appeler une poétique romanesque de l’ironisation.
Le moment cybernétique du « Livre » de Mallarmé : une poétique de l’information
Authors: Wit Sébastien 
Published: April 2022

À la fin de sa vie, Stéphane Mallarmé se consacre tout entier à la réalisation d’un « Livre » qui devait être son Grand Œuvre, à la fois littéraire et mystique. Habité du fantasme du livre-monde, le Poète aspire à la création d’un ouvrage capable d’être tous les livres à la fois. En vain : sa mort parachèvera l’inaccomplissement de ce projet. En 1957, Jacques Scherer publie pour la première fois les notes en vue du « Livre ». La dimension cosmologique de cette utopie esthétique inspire alors la théorie littéraire des années 1960-1970, et le « Livre » devient peu à peu un prototype cybernétique, un « paléo-ordinateur ». Cet article se propose de revenir sur ce moment cybernétique du « Livre » de Mallarmé afin de mieux cerner la manière dont il a été un jalon historique du tournant matériel de la littérature, et des bouleversements que ce dernier a induits quant à la poétique des textes.
« Relever l’esprit public en province ». Convergences polémiques entre George Sand et Claude Tillier
Authors: Saintes Laetitia 
Published: April 2022

Fondé en septembre 1844 afin de « relever l’esprit public en province », L’Éclaireur de l’Indre permet à George Sand d’exprimer un discours polémique proche de celui de Claude Tillier, pamphlétaire du Nivernais, rédacteur dans deux périodiques républicains locaux. Résolument ancrés dans les débats idéologiques et politiques de leur temps, le geste polémique de Tillier comme celui de Sand donnent à penser sur la possibilité et les modalités d’une parole polémique sous le régime de Juillet. Aussi cette contribution entend-elle, en rapprochant leurs écrits, éclairer un aspect méconnu de l’œuvre de Sand et faire redécouvrir celle de Tillier.
Bioelectroremediation of hexadecane in electrical cells containing Aspergillus niger immobilized in alginate
Authors: Saavedra Jayson Baldera , Pérez Lisbet Judith Noriega , Cerna Claudio Eduardo Quiñones , Monzón José Alfredo Cruz , Butrón Fernando Javier Hurtado , Mantilla Mario Esparza 
Published: April 2022

Bioelectroremediation (BER) uses electrical current to stimulate catabolism of environmental pollutants, such as petroleum spills. However, applying current to soil may have adverse effects on the microorganisms involved in petroleum degradation. We identify and evaluate the BER capabilities of a strain of Aspergillus niger obtained from petroleum-contaminated soil. Spores of this strain immobilized in alginate spheres (2 g) were mixed with 100 g of hexadecane-contaminated sandy loam soil and exposed to 5, 10, or 15 mA direct current in a 200 cm3 cell with copper electrodes. Soil hexadecane concentration was measured by gas chromatography. More than 94% of hexadecane was removed from the soil within 12 days for the currents tested, and the A. niger grew to 6 x106 CFU g-1 in 15 days at 10 mA current. The maximum hexadecane degradation was achieved using a 10-mA current for 20 days, but more than 99% of the hexadecane was removed by the fifth day. These results suggest that the use of spore-containing alginate beads promotes growth and petroleum biodegradation of A. niger exposed to electrical currents.
Keywords: Aspergillus, bioelectroremediation, hexadecane, petroleum, soil.