bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human resource heterogeneity, hold-up and firm cash holdings
Authors: Huang Tingting , Pan Yilin , Zhu Kai , Chen Xinyuan 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to study the impact of human resource heterogeneity on firms’ cash-holding policies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a proxy for human resource heterogeneity using the dissimilarity in employees’ skill structure between the firm and its peers in the same industry.FindingsThe authors report evidence that firms with heterogeneous human resources hold more cash than other firms. This effect is more pronounced in labor-intensive firms and firms more susceptible to hold-up by employees, i.e. firms located in regions with more labor disputes and firms surrounded by more external employment opportunities. In addition, the authors demonstrate that high cash holdings triggered by human resource heterogeneity reduce the scale and efficiency of firms’ capital investment.Originality/valueThis study highlights the role of human resource heterogeneity in determining firms’ cash policies. This paper adds to the understanding of labor adjustment costs within the firm and provides insights into firms’ cash-holding decisions.
Fired by an algorithm? Exploration of conformism with biased intelligent decision support systems in the context of workplace discipline
Authors: Bartosiak Marcin Lukasz , Modlinski Artur 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe importance of artificial intelligence in human resource management has grown substantially. Previous literature discusses the advantages of AI implementation at a workplace and its various consequences, often hostile, for employees. However, there is little empirical research on the topic. The authors address this gap by studying if individuals oppose biased algorithm recommendations regarding disciplinary actions in an organisation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an exploratory experiment in which the authors evaluated 76 subjects over a set of 5 scenarios in which a biased algorithm gave strict recommendations regarding disciplinary actions at a workplace.FindingsThe authors’ results suggest that biased suggestions from intelligent agents can influence individuals who make disciplinary decisions.Social implicationsThe authors’ results contribute to the ongoing debate on applying AI solutions to HR problems. The authors demonstrate that biased algorithms may substantially change how employees are treated and show that human conformity towards intelligent decision support systems is broader than expected.Originality/valueThe authors’ paper is among the first to show that people may accept recommendations that provoke moral dilemmas, bring adverse outcomes, or harm employees. The authors introduce the problem of “algorithmic conformism” and discuss its consequences for HRM.
Organizational support as an effective risk mitigation approach
Authors: Sadeh Arik , Zwikael Ofer , Meredith Jack 
Published: October 2022

PurposeAs managing risks effectively is critical for successful projects, project managers regularly identify and prioritize the risks that apply to their projects. However, research argues that project managers struggle to identify effective risk mitigation approaches for the most critical risks, partly because they do not always have the required authority to act effectively. The authors argue that, particularly in high-risk projects, organizational support (OS) provided by senior executives to project managers can facilitate a practical approach to risk mitigation beyond traditional risk management practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors modeled the relationship between risk, organizational support and project success. Then, the authors conducted a structural equation modeling analysis on survey data obtained from 722 projects and tested for the impacts of OS practices in the presence of risk on projects' success.FindingsSuppose done effectively, senior executives can provide more support to project managers and the teams in high-risk projects, resulting in higher project success. OS has a positive impact on project success in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Interestingly, the positive impact of OS on success is greater than the negative impact of the risk.Practical implicationsThe paper further describes various effective OS practices to mitigate risks and explore opportunities when faced with high-risk projects.Originality/valueWhereas it is known that risk has a negative impact on project success, this paper suggests that, in addition to that, OS is in between risk and success and has an impact on this relationship (mediation). Moreover, with OS, the total negative effect of risk on effectiveness turns into a positive impact.
Bail-in credibility: evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Velliscig Giulio , Piserà Stefano , Polato Maurizio , Floreani Josanco 
Published: October 2022

PurposeSome controversial cases of bail-in in the emerging countries have raised the question about whether for those countries to have in place a regulation for the bail-in is appropriate or not. To assess appropriateness, this paper investigates bail-in credibility among investors, as crucial condition for the credibility’s smooth implementation, by measuring the yield spread between bailinable and non-bailinable bonds.Design/methodology/approachThe authors compare the yield spread of banks located in emerging countries that have in place a framework for the bail-in to the comparable yield spread measured for banks located in emerging countries without such framework. The comparison permits to detect whether there is a significant difference between the two spreads, which would suggest that bail-in regulation has been deemed credible by market participants where enforced, or not, which in this case would signal a problem of credibility.FindingsThe authors' results point out a significantly higher yield spread for banks located in emerging countries that have adopted a framework for the bail-in of creditors. Bail-in regulation has, therefore, being deemed credible in the adopting emerging countries, thus ensuring a crucial condition for bail-in regulation's smooth application. The authors also point out bank size and country's gross domestic product (GDP) growth as crucial moderators of bail-in expectations of market participants that can guide the implementation of bail-in rules in emerging countries.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on the credibility of bail-in with a new perspective from the emerging countries.
Factors influencing the potential adoption of portable pork DNA detection device
Authors: Ghazali Ezlika , Mutum Dilip , Waqas Muhammad , Taha Azni Zarina , Mohtar Mozard 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to present a new integrative model that maps innovation diffusion factors, technology acceptance and use factors, device attitude, adoption intention and purchase intention for a pork DNA detection device (PD3).

Design/methodology/approach
A scenario-based survey was conducted with 256 potential consumers of the portable PD3. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
It was found that innovation characteristic factors determine the attitude towards the device, perceived expectancy of performance and effort required to use the device. Performance and effort expectancy further influence the positive attitude towards the device which determines the behavioural intention to adopt and purchase the device.

Originality/value
This study proposes a new model that integrates the diffusion innovation theory and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to understand the mechanism that facilitates the adoption and purchase intention of PD3s. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering solutions that can reduce the concerns of Muslim travellers. This study enhances the understanding of the future commercial potential of this newly developed technology. The results show that the potential demand for a portable PD3 is very optimistic among consumers observing a halal diet.
Supporting educators’ professional learning for equity pedagogy: the promise of open educational practices
Authors: Tualaulelei Eseta , Green Nicole Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
In the research literature relevant to open educational practices (OEP), the terms “students” or “learners” often refer to individuals engaging in formal study. This study aims to broaden the conception of learners to include those who engage with continuing professional development or professional learning. The study focussed on one intersection of OEP with equity pedagogy for these learners.

Design/methodology/approach
Guided by transformative approaches to knowledge, the research is qualitative and draws upon nine focus group interviews about multicultural education professional learning needs conducted in November 2019 and July 2020 with 74 early years educators and staff. Data were analysed with theoretical thematic analysis to provide a rich overall description of the data set.

Findings
Early years educators and teachers aim to centre equity pedagogy in their practices but are constrained by a lack of opportunity to engage in professional development, and fragmented approaches to professional learning, issues which may potentially be addressed through OEP.

Originality/value
This paper extends understandings of OEP as a means of helping learners, broadly interpreted, to promote equity pedagogy. Specifically, it highlights the promise of OEP for addressing early years educators’ professional development and learning about reconciliation and multicultural education.
Using mixture experimental design to study the effect of phosphating bath formulation on the properties of magnesium substrate
Authors: Amini Reza , Kardar Pooneh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to achieve phosphating via optimal features of Mg metal as a suitable base coating, which is considered for other properties such as barrier properties against the passage of several factors.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, in the phosphate bath, immersion time, temperature and the content of sodium nitrite as an accelerator were changed.

Findings
As a result, increasing the immersion time of AZ31 Mg alloy samples in the phosphating bath as well as increasing the ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration to sodium nitrite concentration in the phosphating bath formulation increase the mass of phosphating formed per unit area of the Mg alloy. The results of the scanning electron microscope test showed phosphating is not completely formed in short immersion times, which is a thin and uneven layer.

Research limitations/implications
Mg and its alloys are sensitive to galvanic corrosion, which would lead to generating several holes in the metal. As such, it causes a decrease in mechanical stability as well as an unfavorable appearance.

Practical implications
Mg is used in several industries such as automobile and computer parts, mobile phones, astronaut compounds, sports goods and home appliances.

Social implications
Nevertheless, Mg has high chemical reactivity, so an oxide-hydroxide layer is formed on its surface, which has a harmful effect on the adhesion and uniformity of the coating applied on Mg.

Originality/value
By increasing the ratio of SDS concentration to sodium nitrite concentration in the phosphating bath, the corrosion resistance of the phosphating increases.
Distrusting democrats: A panel study into the effects of structurally low and declining political trust on citizens’ support for democratic reform
Authors: OUATTARA EBE , VAN DER MEER TOM 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor decades, scholars have argued that low and declining political trust affect citizens’ support for democratic and undemocratic reform. While some theorized that low political trust induces alienation and support for non‐democratic decision making, others argued that it pushes critical citizens to support reforms aimed to reinvigorate democracy. Yet, empirical tests of these expectations remained sparse and inconclusive. This paper employs panel data from the Netherlands (covering 3 waves in 3 years) to test these diverging theories simultaneously. We employ the random effects within‐between (REWB) model to differentiate between the effects of structurally low and declining political trust. Our results suggest that low and declining trust both diminish support for representative democracy, enhance support for direct democratic decision making and do not affect support for authoritarianism. These findings cast doubt on the understanding of political distrust as a determinant of political alienation. Rather, they support theories of critical citizenship and stealth democracy.
When managers believe technological ability is fixed
Authors: Solberg Elizabeth , Adamska Katarzyna , Wong Sut I , Traavik Laura E. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrawing from mindset theory, we predict that managers' fixed mindset about technological ability (FM‐TA) will negatively influence the developmental support they provide to their employees and, in turn, their employees' engagement in digitalisation initiatives. Further, we predict that managers' FM‐TA will have a disproportionate negative influence on female employees for whom negative stereotypes about technological ability exist. We test our hypotheses with two‐wave field study data collected from 88 managers and 185 employees working in a Nordic banking institution. We find that managers' FM‐TA relates negatively to their employees' experienced developmental support, and, in turn, their employees' efforts to approach new technology. Furthermore, our findings indicate that this negative, indirect relationship is more pronounced for female employees (estimate = −0.116, standard error [SE] = 0.052, p = 0.026) than male employees (estimate = −0.048, SE = 0.027, p = 0.071), although the interaction term (managers' FM‐TA × employee gender) was not significant at the 95 percent confidence level (estimate = −0.266, SE = 0.0141, p = 0.058). Our study provides greater insight into the human resource management issues managers might have fostering employee engagement and inclusion in the digitalised workplace.
A single short reprogramming early in life initiates and propagates an epigenetically related mechanism improving fitness and promoting an increased healthy lifespan
Authors: Alle Quentin , Le Borgne Enora , Bensadoun Paul , Lemey Camille , Béchir Nelly , Gabanou Mélissa , Estermann Fanny , Bertrand‐Gaday Christelle , Pessemesse Laurence , Toupet Karine , Desprat Romain , Vialaret Jérôme , Hirtz Christophe , Noël Danièle , Jorgensen Christian , Casas François , Milhavet Ollivier , Lemaitre Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent advances in cell reprogramming showed that OSKM induction is able to improve cell physiology in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that a single short reprogramming induction is sufficient to prevent musculoskeletal functions deterioration of mice, when applied in early life. In addition, in old age, treated mice have improved tissue structures in kidney, spleen, skin, and lung, with an increased lifespan of 15% associated with organ‐specific differential age‐related DNA methylation signatures rejuvenated by the treatment. Altogether, our results indicate that a single short reprogramming early in life might initiate and propagate an epigenetically related mechanism to promote a healthy lifespan.
Within‐person decline in pregnancy smoking is observable prior to pregnancy awareness: Evidence across two independent observational cohorts
Authors: Massey Suena H. , Pool Lindsay R. , Estabrook Ryne , Level Rachel A. , Shisler Shannon , Stacks Ann M. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Espy Kimberly A. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Eiden Rina D. , Allen Norrina B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDecreased consumption of nicotine and other drugs during pregnancy appears to be a cross‐species phenomenon from which mechanism(s) capable of interrupting addictive processes could be elucidated. Whether pregnancy influences smoking behaviour independent of women's knowledge of the pregnancy, however, has not been considered. Using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we estimated within‐person change in mean cigarettes/day smoked across the estimated date of conception but prior to individually reported dates of pregnancy recognition using longitudinal smoking data from two independent observational cohorts, the Growing Up Healthy (GUH, n = 271) and Midwest Infant Development Studies (MIDS, n = 145). Participants smoked an average of half a pack/day in the month immediately before conception (M (SD) = 12(8.1) and 9.5(6.7) cigarettes/day in GUH and MIDS, respectively). We observed within‐person declines in smoking after conception, both before (MGUH = −0.9; 95% CI −1.6, −0.2; p = 0.01; MMIDS = −1.1; 95% CI ‐1.9, −0.3; p = 0.01) and after (MGUH = ‐4.8; 95% CI ‐5.5, −4.1; p < 0.001; MMIDS = −3.3; 95% CI −4.4, −2.5; p < 0.001) women were aware of having conceived, even when women who had quit and women who were planning to conceive were excluded from analyses. Pregnancy may interrupt smoking‐related processes via mechanisms not previously considered. Plausible candidates and directions for future research are discussed.
Conspecific density plays a pivotal role in shaping sapling community in highly fragmented subtropical forests
Authors: da Silva Daniel Augusto , Pfeifer Marion , Vibrans Alexander Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTropical and subtropical regions shelter high levels of biodiversity. A combination of biological, environmental and anthropogenic factors influences tree community diversity and composition. Here, we use data from the IFFSC project to test the effect of conspecific and heterospecific density dependence, canopy cover and distance to edge on saplings populations of 229 woody species in 159 plots distributed across three forest types in Southern Brazil. All plots were measured twice with a standardized time interval of 5 years. We fitted one ordinary least square regression model to each species to test the strength of each predictor on the species' population growth rate, and one global mixed effect model including forest type, ecological group and the interaction between distance to edge and conspecific density to test their impact in the overall trend of the species. Our analysis provided circumstantial evidence that conspecific density dependence is shaping diversity of forest fragments. This mechanism was present for 75.5% of the species, while heterospecific density affected 10% of the species. Canopy cover affected the population dynamics of 9.2% of the species and distance to edge affected 7.4% of the species. Forest type had a significant effect in the global model, suggesting that population dynamics differ between different forest formations. Ecological group was not significant in the global model suggesting that the mechanism affects species similarly despite their ecological group. The interaction between distance to edge and conspecific density was significant in the global model, suggesting that this mechanism differs between interior and edge of fragments. This work represents one of the few large‐scale analyses of conspecific density dependence in fragmented secondary forests. Our results show that, once the forest is stablished, conspecific density dependence is crucial in sapling population dynamics, despite high levels of fragmentation.
Corneal epithelial dendritic cells, tear neuropeptides and corneal nerves continue to be affected more than 12 months after LASIK
Authors: Chao Cecilia , Tajbakhsh Zahra , Stapleton Fiona , Mobeen Rabia , Madigan Michele C. , Jalbert Isabelle , Briggs Nancy , Golebiowski Blanka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeLASIK causes corneal nerve damage and may affect the neuro‐immune crosstalk. This study examined the effects of LASIK on corneal epithelial dendritic cells (CEDC) density and morphology and explored their relationships with corneal nerves and tear neuropeptides. A grading system was developed to assess CEDC morphology.MethodsIntra‐ and inter‐observer repeatability of the CEDC morphology grading system was established using kappa (κ). In vivo confocal microscope images of the central cornea were captured from 20 participants who had undergone LASIK 12–16 months earlier and 20 controls (age 18–32 years, 55%F). CEDC density was counted manually, and CEDC morphology was assessed using a new grading system. CEDC sub‐types (contacting nerves [CEDCc] and not contacting nerves [CEDCnc]) were also assessed. Differences in CEDC density and morphology were examined using mixed models and chi‐squared test. Relationships between CEDC and corneal nerve parameters and tear substance P were explored using Spearman's correlation.ResultsExcellent intra‐ and inter‐observer repeatability was demonstrated for the grading system (κ = 0.82–0.97). In post‐LASIK participants, CEDC density was lower compared with controls (5 [0–34] vs. 21 [7–77] cells/mm2; p = 0.01), and the proportion of CEDC with thick dendrites was higher (55%–73% vs. 11%–21%, p < 0.003). Higher tear substance P levels were associated with higher CEDC density (rho = 0.48, p = 0.003). Fewer nerve interconnections were observed in participants in whom CEDC had dendrites (p = 0.03). CEDC sub‐types followed a similar pattern to CEDC.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that CEDC may remain altered more than 12 months post‐LASIK. The association with substance P suggests a role for CEDC in corneal neurogenic inflammation.
Assessing the clinical value of faecal bile acid profiling to predict recurrence in primary Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Mullish Benjamin H. , Martinez‐Gili Laura , Chekmeneva Elena , Correia Gonçalo D. S. , Lewis Matthew R. , Horneffer‐Van Der Sluis Verena , Roberts Lauren A. , McDonald Julie A. K. , Pechlivanis Alexandros , Walters Julian R. F. , McClure Emma L. , Marchesi Julian R. , Allegretti Jessica R. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundFactors influencing recurrence risk in primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are poorly understood, and tools predicting recurrence are lacking. Perturbations in bile acids (BAs) contribute to CDI pathogenesis and may be relevant to primary disease prognosis.AimsTo define stool BA dynamics in patients with primary CDI and to explore signatures predicting recurrenceMethodsWeekly stool samples were collected from patients with primary CDI from the last day of anti‐CDI therapy until recurrence or, otherwise, through 8 weeks post‐completion. Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to profile BAs. Stool bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity was measured to determine primary BA bacterial deconjugation capacity. Multivariate and univariate models were used to define differential BA trajectories in patients with recurrence versus those without, and to assess faecal BAs as predictive markers for recurrence.ResultsTwenty (36%) of 56 patients (median age: 57, 64% male) had recurrence; 80% of recurrences occurred within the first 9 days post‐antibiotic treatment. Principal component analysis of stool BA profiles demonstrated clustering by recurrence status and post‐treatment timepoint. Longitudinal faecal BA trajectories showed recovery of secondary BAs and their derivatives only in patients without recurrence. BSH activity increased over time only among non‐relapsing patients (β = 0.056; likelihood ratio test p = 0.018). A joint longitudinal‐survival model identified five stool BAs with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.73 for predicting recurrence within 9 days post‐CDI treatment.ConclusionsGut BA metabolism dynamics differ in primary CDI patients between those developing recurrence and those who do not. Individual BAs show promise as potential novel biomarkers to predict CDI recurrence.