bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLCL1 regulates fibroblast-like synoviocytes inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasomes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Luo Shuai , Li Xiao-Feng , Yang Ying-Li , Song Biao , Wu Sha , Niu Xue-Ni , Wu Yuan-Yuan , Shi Wen , Huang Cheng , Li Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Phospholipase C-like 1 (PLCL1), a protein that lacks catalytic activity, has similar structures to the PLC family. The aim of this research was to find the function and underlying mechanisms of PLCL1 in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
In this study, we first analyzed the expression of PLCL1 in the synovial tissue of RA patients and K/BxN mice by immunohistochemical staining. Then silencing or overexpressing PLCL1 in FLS before stimulating by TNF-α. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 in FLS and supernatants were detected by Western Blot (WB), Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. We used INF39 to specifically inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and detected the expression of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-6 and IL-1β in FLS by WB.

Result
When PLCL1 was silenced, the level of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 were down-regulated. When PLCL1 was overexpressed, the level of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL8 were unregulated. The previous results demonstrated that the mechanism of PLCL1 regulating inflammation in FLS was related to NLRP3 inflammasomes. INF39 could counteract the release of inflammatory cytokines caused by overexpression of PLCL1.

Conclusion
Result showed that the function of PLCL1 in RA FLS might be related to the NLRP3 inflammasomes. We finally confirmed our hypothesis with the NLRP3 inhibitor INF39. Our results suggested that PLCL1 might promote the inflammatory response of RA FLS by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasomes.
Improved non-uniform subdivision scheme with modified Eigen-polyhedron
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Tian Yufeng , Li Xin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a systematic refinement method was developed for non-uniform Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces to improve the quality of the surface at extraordinary points (EPs). The developed method modifies the eigenpolyhedron by designing the angles between two adjacent edges that contain an EP. Refinement rules are then formulated with the help of the modified eigenpolyhedron. Numerical experiments show that the method significantly improves the performance of the subdivision surface for non-uniform parameterization.
How evolutionary science can help us understand vaccine refusal in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Swanepoel Annie , Abed Riadh , Kaser Muzaffer , St John Smith Paul 
Published: July 2022

SummaryUnvaccinated people have a mortality rate from COVID-19 that is 32-fold that of fully vaccinated people. Yet, in the UK, more than 4% of adults have not accepted a vaccine to protect them against COVID-19 and at the time of writing only 73% of people were fully vaccinated. Psychological and societal factors underlying vaccine hesitation or refusal are complex. In this paper, we use evolutionary science to help explain how vaccine refusal can be the result of an historic adaptation to protect against the repetition of past trauma, including, for many, that of systemic racism and/or deprivation, and misguided attempt to preserve fertility. We discuss some resulting cognitive biases and conclude with recommendations for practice.
Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathic Pain via the Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein-NOD–Like Receptor Protein 3-N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2B Pathway
Authors: Wang Jun-Wu , Ye Xiu-Ying , Wei Ning , Wu Shi-Shu , Zhang Zhe-Hao , Luo Guang-Hui , Li Xu , Li Jun , Cao Hong 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
The number of patients with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) continues to increase, but available treatments are limited. This study aimed to examine the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-NOD–like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NR2B) pathway on type 2 DNP.

METHODS:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks. Then, rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats with <85% of their basic levels in mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were classified as DNP rats on day 14 after STZ injection. DNP rats were treated with ROS scavenger N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN, 100 mg·kg–1·d–1) or TXNIP small interfering ribonucleic acid (10 μg/d) once daily for 14 days. The level of ROS, protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 (p-NR2B), total NR2B (t-NR2B), and distribution of NLRP3 in the spinal cord were examined. In vitro experiments, BV2 cells and PC12 cells were individually cultured and cocultured in a high-glucose environment (35 mmol/L D-glucose). The level of ROS and protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, and IL-1β in BV2 cells, and p-NR2B, t-NR2B in PC12 cells were detected. The level of ROS was detected by the flow cytometry approach. The protein levels were detected by the Western blot technique. The location of NLRP3 was observed by immunofluorescent staining. The interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 was detected by coimmunoprecipitation assay.

RESULTS:
The level of spinal ROS increased in DNP rats. The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of DNP rats were alleviated after systemic administration of PBN. This administration decreased protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1β, and p-NR2B and the coupling of TXNIP to NLRP3 in spinal cords of DNP rats. Furthermore, knockdown of spinal TXNIP alleviated nociceptive hypersensitivity and decreased protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1β, and p-NR2B in DNP rats. The level of ROS and protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1β, the coupling of TXNIP to NLRP3, and the IL-1β secretion increased in BV2 cells, and the protein expression of p-NR2B increased in cocultured PC12 cells in a high-glucose environment. All of these in vitro effects were significantly blocked after treatment of PBN.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that spinal ROS can contribute to type 2 DNP through TXNIP-NLRP3-NR2B pathway.
Storytelling and its influence on the promotion of tourism for the national sanctuary of Huayllay, Pasco Region, Peru in 2021
Authors: Jara Miranda Robert Alexander , Obregon Trujillo Ghinnett Yoyssy , Obregon Trujillo Huberta Violeta , Calvanapón Alva Flor Alicia , Reaño Portal Winston Rolando 
Published: July 2022

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the influence of storytelling in the tourism promotion of the Huayllay National Sanctuary. Methods: A quantitative approach study was used, a pre-experimental design with a single control group, and the study population consisted of 19 visitors to whom a pre-test and post-test were performed to evaluate the results obtained. The information collected was processed through the SPSS 26 statistical program and subsequently the event tree analysis (ETA) was performed to determine the degree of influence between the study variables. Results: Results of 0.677 and 0.795 indicate that storytelling does have an influence on the promotion of tourism for the study area. Conclusions: The study was able to determine that there is an influence between storytelling and tourism, and this can be used as a tourism promotion tool not only at the local level of the study site, but also at the national level.
Long-term health after Severe Acute Malnutrition in children and adults- the role of the Pancreas (SAMPA): Protocol
Authors: Ahmed Sana , PrayGod George , R. Lee Nanette , Kelly Paul , Trilok-Kumar Geeta , Chisenga Molly , Kweka Belinda , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , AM Shaw James , M. Paglinawan-Modoc Dixi , Solon Juan , Frahm Olsen Mette , Stefanovski Darko , Cox Sharon , Nitsch Dorothea , Keogh Ruth , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: July 2022

Background: Prenatal growth retardation may increase the risk of later chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes; however, long-term effects of wasting malnutrition in childhood or adulthood are less studied. Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions, both critical for nutrition and NCD aetiology, may not fully recover following malnutrition. However, the evidence and mechanistic information is piecemeal. We hypothesise that wasting malnutrition at any age has long-term detrimental effects on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic structure and function. Methods: The SAMPA international research programme will assess pancreatic structure and function in 3700 participants from ongoing observational nutrition cohorts, two adolescent and four adult, in Zambia, Tanzania, Philippines, and India. Pancreas size, structure, and calcification will be assessed by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan; exocrine function by faecal elastase and serum lipase; and endocrine function by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In-depth hormonal analyses of incretins, glucagon, proinsulin and trypsinogen during OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance tests will be done in subsets of adult participants. Pancreatic size and function outcomes will be compared between people with and without prior wasting malnutrition. Analyses will investigate effect modification by sex, current age, time since malnutrition, current body mass index and dietary patterns. Mathematical modelling of OGTT data will be used to estimate the relative contribution to glucose dysregulation of decreased insulin production, changes in insulin clearance and increased insulin resistance. Proinsulin/insulin ratio will be analysed in archived samples from the Tanzanian cohort using a nested case-control design to investigate whether abnormal values precede diabetes. Conclusions: SAMPA, a large-scale multi-centre research programme using data from people with or without prior wasting malnutrition to assess several aspects of pancreatic phenotype, will provide coherent evidence for future policies and programmes for malnutrition and diabetes.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products
Authors: Khalaf Nidal , Shi Wenxuan , Fenton Owen , Kwapinski Witold , Leahy J.J. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH4+ concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC improved the nutrient content of dairy waste, allowing for the production of potential solid organo-mineral fertilizers requiring additional treatment to ensure safe fertilizer application.
Modern ideas about the role of the hypothalamus in the implementation of adaptation programs under stressor loads (references)
Authors: Romanova K. , Hancheva O. 
Published: July 2022

The starting point for the prevention of human disease is the study of the vital functions of a healthy organism, taking into account complex effects of external and internal factors. More often in clinical practice, doctors observe patients with advanced pathology, when the body has undergone significant changes, including at the level of systemic regulation (CNS, hypothalamus) and at the level of intercellular signaling and neuro-immune-endocrine interactions. Therefore, the basis of these changes, more often, are insignificant but permanent factors of the external or internal environment, which gradually accumulate and disrupt the functioning of central regulatory systems. The aim of our study was to analyze modern sources of information that highlight current issues of the role of the hypothalamus in the development of adaptation programs during the formation of stressors. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific publications taken from Google Scholar databases, Web of Science, Pub Med by keywords: rats, stress reactions, adaptation, neuroendocrine regulation, neurotransmitters, hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus. Conclusions: Thus, the analysis of scientific sources demonstrated that the main stress studies were devoted to determining the state and role of dominant systems, but there were few facts that had explained the long-term changes of the hypothalamus in regulatory systems. These issues remain unresolved and need to be studied.
Introduction. Today, many facts and clinical observations about the complex effects of chronic stress of human body. The National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Veterans Health Administration conducted a large-scale cohort study that had provided evidence of an association between post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular risk, had identified mechanisms that could cause this association, and had assessed prognostic risk, cardiovascular diseases [1]. Moreover, they form a post-stress syndrome, which by itself becomes a pathogenetic mechanism of disease formation.
Rebeca Robles-García together with other researchers in 2020 demonstrated that high urbanization could increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder due to the concentration of poverty, limited living space, substance use and crime. Women tend to be more disadvantaged socially and economically and are more likely to be victims of collective and domestic violence than men. Accordingly, urban women are more prone to traumatic events that increase the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder than rural women and men in both rural and urban areas, especially those without social and family protection and support [2]. That is, even minor and indistinct stressors that act constantly and can not be overcome by man become an important etiological factor in the formation of a number of diseases.
Oral collagen supplements intake on improving skin structure and function
Authors: Żyga Justyna 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Young and healthy skin is a beauty standard that generates the necessity of acceptance. Collagen supplements have recently grown in popularity and become a trendy product advertised as a remedy for various skin problems. As it turns out, numerous scientific studies have shown the benefits of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation in improving the signs of skin ageing. There are various animal sources of collagen, but marine fish collagen has the best safety profile, biocompatibility and bioavailability and remains the most frequent product used in scientific trials. Among newest randomised-control trials five were researched for this study to evaluate the efficacy of collagen supplementation and its influence of skin appearance with both objective and subjective assessment.
State of knowledge: hydrolysed collagen supplementation demonstrated a significant reduction in wrinkles, improvement in skin texture, firmness and appearance. Moreover, studies show significant enhancement of the water content in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Reduction of transepidermal water loss and increased level of natural moisturising factor was observed.
Conclusions: hydrolysed collagen supplements can delay and improve the signs of skin ageing by decreasing facial wrinkles and improving skin hydration and elasticity. Supplement intake is effective and safe - analysed studies have not reported any major adverse effects. Since reviewed trials lasted for no longer than 12 weeks, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term use of hydrolysed collagen peptides.
A clinical study of the benefits and effectiveness of a respiratory viral panel PCR study in children presenting with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Thattakkat Krishnakumar 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Respiratory illnesses account for more than half of paediatric diseases and it is often difficult to differentiate viral and bacterial agents by clinical assessment, leading to unnecessary investigations and interventions including hospitalisation and use of antibiotics. A respiratory virus panel (RVP) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can identify the pathogen rapidly with specificity. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics and outcomes of children who had RVP PCR and to identify its impact on the use of antibiotics, hospitalisation, and revisit and readmission rates. Methods The medical records of 100 children under 18 years old in one hospital in Dubai who had an RVP PCR test in December 2019 were reviewed to investigate the type of pathogen identified as well as hospitalisation and antibiotic use rates. Results Out of 100 children, 85 had a positive RVP result. Rhino/enterovirus was the single most common virus (28.8%) identified. There was a hospital admission rate of 9%, as one baby in the neonatal intensive care unit had an RVP PCR test during the study period. This baby was excluded during the statistical analysis as the baby was not an outpatient at the time of testing. Seven children received antibiotics. Of the 87 patients sent home, 10 (11.5%) only received antibiotics. Overall, 14 patients revisited the hospital within 1 week. There was no antibiotic use at follow up and the readmission rate was 0%. Conclusions This study illustrates that a positive RVP PCR result leads to beneficial outcomes such as low rates of hospitalisation and antibiotic use. With thoughtful clinical correlation, the RVP PCR can be a useful and cost-effective tool for clinical management.
Cold sensitivity and its association to functional disability following a major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity—A national registry-based study
Authors: Frostadottir Drifa , Ekman Linnéa , Zimmerman Malin , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: July 2022

Aims
To investigate self-reported cold sensitivity and functional disability after a repaired major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity.

Methods
We identified 735 individuals with a major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity, surgically treated with direct nerve repair or reconstructed with nerve autografts, in the Swedish national quality registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). Patient-reported symptoms, including cold sensitivity, and perceived disability were collected using two questionnaires (HQ-8 and QuickDASH) preoperatively, and at three and 12 months postoperatively.

Results
We included 281 individuals, who had responded the questionnaires, where 197 (70%) were men (median age 34 [interquartile range 25–52] years) and 84 (30%) were women (median age 41 [25–55]). Cold sensitivity (scored 0–100) was the most prominent symptom 12 months postoperatively after an injured and repaired/reconstructed median (p<0.001) or ulnar (p<0.001) nerve, while individuals with a radial nerve injury showed milder symptoms. Concomitant injuries did not affect cold sensitivity scores. Individuals with ulnar nerve injuries scored higher in stiffness (p = 0.019), weakness (p<0.001) and ability to perform daily activities (p = 0.003) at 12 months postoperatively than median nerve injuries. Individuals with a median, ulnar or radial nerve injury with severe (>70) cold sensitivity had 25, 37 and 30 points higher QuickDASH scores, respectively (p<0.001), at 12 months postoperatively than individuals with mild (<30) cold sensitivity. There were no differences in QuickDASH score or cold sensitivity score at 12 months postoperatively between direct nerve repair or nerve reconstruction with nerve autografts. Neither age, nor sex, affected QuickDASH score at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
Cold sensitivity after surgery for a major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity can be substantial with impaired ability to perform daily activities, where an ulnar nerve injury may have a worse outcome.
Retinal oxygen saturation, vessel diameter and flicker response in eyes with specific subtypes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration during aflibercept treatment
Authors: Sacu Stefan , Eibenberger Katharina , Schmidl Doreen , Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Garhöfer Gerhard , Brugger Jonas , Buehl Wolf , Schmetterer Leopold , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy on arterial and venous oxygen saturation, retinal vessel diameter and flicker response in patients with newly diagnosed specific subtypes of exudative maculopathy.

Methods
This prospective study included forty-four eyes of 44 patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV, n = 12), hemorrhagic choroidal neovascularization (hCNV, n = 12), pigment epithelium detachment (PED, n = 9) and type 3 MNV (RAP, n = 11). All patients received three initial aflibercept 2mg/0.05ml injections (Eylea®) in monthly intervals (loading phase) and were subsequently treated until month 12. Measurements of arterial and venous oxygen saturation, vessel diameters and flicker response were performed using the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA; IMEDOS, Jena, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed on the total population at baseline, after loading dose and at the last follow-up visit.

Results
The arterial oxygen saturation was 94.01±2.14% and showed no change after loading dose (93.94±2.88%, p = 0.4; estimated difference [confidence interval] -0.38 [-1.24; 0.48]) and at the last visit (95.48±1.90%; p = 0.1; -1.29 [-0.34; 2.91]). The venous oxygenation during treatment was 78.49±6.93% at baseline, 80.94±7.71% after 3-monthly injections (p = 0.7; -0.43 [-2.72; 1.86]) and 80.56±7.33% at month 12 (p = 0.5; 1.07 [-2.10; 4.24). The arterial and venous vessel diameters were 94±22μm and 131±19μm at baseline, and remained unchanged following aflibercept loading dose and at the last follow-up visit (p-value: p = 0.5; 2.30 [-5.00; 9.59] p = 0.8; 0.59 [-3.17; 4.34]). During stimulation with flicker light, arterial diameter changed by +1.24±4.93% at baseline and remained stable at month 3 (+2.70±5.95%; p = 0.5; 1.43 [-2.54; 5.41]) while the change in venous diameter during flicker stimulation was +4.52±4.45% at baseline and +4.13±3.65% after loading dose (p = 0.4, 5.18 [1.73; 8.63]).

Conclusion
During intravitreal aflibercept treatment oxygen saturation, vessel diameter and flicker response did not change in the total population of patients with specific subtypes of exudative maculopathy.