bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Design of Next-Generation Geothermal Systems Created by Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: McClure Mark , Kang Charles , Fowler Garrett 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Multistage hydraulic stimulation has the potential to greatly expand the production of geothermal in the United States and worldwide. Zonal isolation and limited-entry completion overcome the problem of flow localization and generate hundreds or thousands of conductive fractures throughout a large volume of rock. In contrast, conventional geothermal stimulation designs are bullheaded as a single stage into a vertical or deviated wellbore, resulting in a small number of dominant flow-pathways. In this study, we perform a modeling study to investigate key physical processes and design considerations for a geothermal system created from multistage hydraulic stimulation. We use a simulator that fully integrates a wellbore simulator, a hydraulic fracturing simulator, and a thermal/compositional reservoir simulator. Thermoelastic and poroelastic stress changes are included, which enables the model the simulate mechanical opening (separation of fracture walls) due to cooling during long-term fluid circulation between wells. The simulator can handle the full life-cycle in a single continuous simulation – multistage fracturing (including crack propagation, proppant, limited-entry, etc.) and long-term circulation. We start by reviewing historic background on the application of hydraulic stimulation to improve geothermal energy production. Next, we discuss key uncertainties regarding stimulation mechanism and fracture geometry. Drawing on this background information, we set up simulations of multistage hydraulic fracturing and long-term fluid circulation through an injector/producer pair. The simulations demonstrate how multistage fracturing enables large flow rates and relatively efficient sweep of heat through large volumes of rock. However, the simulations demonstrate how mechanical opening of fractures due to thermal contraction exacerbates thermal short-circuiting. Produced temperature drops rapidly once mechanical opening reaches the production well. Parameters such as well spacing, fracture spacing, and flow rate can be designed to mitigate thermal breakthrough and maximize discounted return on investment. We integrate the simulator with an optimization algorithm to solve a hypothetical engineering design problem to maximize net present value by optimizing well spacing, fracture spacing, and flow rate. The optimization shows how a balance can be struck between rate acceleration and mitigation of thermal breakthrough.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the Randomized Controlled Trial Tenecteplase in Wake-Up Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TWIST )
Authors: eltoft Agnethe , Wilsgaard Tom , Roaldsen Melinda B. , Søyland Mary-Helen , Lundström Erik , Petersson Jesper , Indredavik Bent , Putaala Jukka , Christensen Hanne , Kõrv Janika , Jatužis Dalius , Engelter Stefan T. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Werring David J. , Robinson Thompson , Tveiten Arnstein , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with wake-up ischemic stroke are frequently excluded from thrombolytic treatment due to unknown symptom onset time and limited availability of advanced imaging modalities. The Tenecteplase in Wake-up Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TWIST) is a randomized controlled trial of intravenous tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg and standard care versus standard care alone in patients who wake up with acute ischemic stroke and can be treated within 4.5 hours upon awakening based on non-contrast CT findings. Objective: To publish the detailed statistical analysis plan for TWIST prior to unblinding. Methods: The TWIST statistical analysis plan is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides clear and open reporting. Discussion: Publication of the statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial reporting bias and outlines transparent pre-specified analyses. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03181360. EudraCT Number 2014-000096-80. WHO ICRTP registry number ISRCTN10601890.
Effects of High-Pressure Coolant Jets on the Machinability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with External Rotary Liquid Applicator
Authors: Sultana Nazma , Dhar Nikhil Ranjan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel rotary applicator has been designed to feed high-pressure coolant jets while maintaining the tool's strength in order to improve the Ti-6Al-4V alloy's poor machinability. Average cutting temperature, principal cutting force, mean surface roughness, and tool wear were all taken into account when evaluating the machinability of various speed-feed combinations. Dry milling produced the worst results for all of the investigated reactions, with excessive tool wear and poor machinability happening due to the lack of cooling and lubrication. HPC and RHPC both outperformed dry, but RHPC was the clear winner in all investigations. HPC is distinguished by the rotational supply of high pressurized coolant jets delivered through several nozzles rather than the typical nozzle. This results in effective cooling and lubricating during RHPC. The higher forced convection heat transfer mechanism of high-pressure cutting fluids controls cutting temperatures amazing along with its protective film formation. Cutting forces and surface roughness are reduced roughly 14% and 17.44% in RHPC compared to HPC. Similarly, as a result of better temperature management by RHPC, flank wear is greatly reduced while tool life is increased ( 9 min).
Optimization of Virtual Water Trade with Emphasis on Agricultural Sector Support From Two Perspectives: Maximizing Farmers' Welfare and Employment.
Authors: Bahrami Fahimeh , Avazdahandeh Somayeh , Ranjbaran Seyed Fazlollah , Nazari Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water scarcity has become a global issue in agriculture. Therefore, sustainable use of water resources is essential. A concept that many planners and experts have recently emphasized in the field of water management that is the water footprint and virtual water trade. The objectives of this study are to maximize farmers' welfare, minimizing water consumption and maximizing employment in agriculture simultaneously. Multi-objective mathematical programming method was used to achieve the research objectives. The results indicated that the area of crops and fruits in Iran is reduced compared to the base year, especially in the irrigated activity, Also, saving water is about 15 billion m3 due to the change of cultivation pattern. Based on the model results, 2 billion m3 of water are imported into Iran by changes in the pattern of trade. The proposed model states water- saving 15 billion m3. The model suggests if the goal of policy -makers is to increase employment in agriculture or farmer's social welfare, it should cultivate more fruits than crops and If the goal is to protect the environment and save water, it should replace crops with fruits.
Cost Analysis of Water Quality Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Borzuei Daryoosh , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Ahmadi Abolfazl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In modern competitive markets, cost and quality parameters are the two main factors. So, it is essential to study their relationship, especially in leading industries such as urban public service companies. Consequently, manufacturers always try to reduce production costs and improve products quality and services at consumer expectations. Also, the concerns of the new century in the field of fresh water and the reduction of its resources related to global warming have increased the costs of quality and supply of freshwater. Therefore, in this research, in order to estimate the quality costs in the field of water resources and wastewater management and identify the option that creates the most cost, in the first step, the “Prevention, Appraisal, and Failure (PAF)” model was used to select cost-imposing options in organizational quality analysis. After determining the main options, appropriate criteria and sub-criteria were selected under the main study area (water and wastewater resources management). In the next step, a “Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) “ method based on “Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP)” and “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)” method was used to identify the option that creates the most cost. The results show that the Appraisal cost option has the most significant impact on the quality cost in the water and wastewater management (37%), and other quality cost options include external failure (29%), internal failure (22%), and preventive (12%) are in the following ranks.
Study of Red Mud Desulfurization and External Field Action
Authors: Li Xueke , liu Yan , Zhang Ting-an 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To further enhance red mud desulfurization, this paper analyzes red mud desulfurization under the action of ball mills and ultrasonic external fields and studies the red mud desulfurization mechanism. In this study, experiments were conducted using a bottom-blow stirred reactor device. The results show that the suitable red mud slurry concentration is 10 g/L. The raw red mud desulfurization can reach 100% absorption in the first 25 min, and the absorption capacity decreases gradually with the reaction time. The red mud desulfurization is mainly due to the dissolution of free alkali and metal oxides in the red mud. Under the action of the external field of the ball mill, the red mud particles can be refined to prolong the desulfurization time. Under the action of the external field of ultrasonic waves, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate. Under the effect of an ultrasonic external field, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate and dissolve more metal substances in the liquid phase.
Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Subjective Hunger and Appetite Ratings and Endocrine Hormones
Authors: De Leon Avelino , White Jeremy , Casimiro Isabel , Okoli Amarachi , Piron Matthew J. , Brady Matthew J. , Hanlon Erin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery on the levels of patients’ hunger and appetite across the day and relation to weight loss achieved were examined. Methods: Visual analog scale (VAS) hunger and appetite ratings were digitally collected from 10 female participants across a day during in-lab sessions 1-2 weeks before and 12 weeks after surgery. Fasting hormone levels were also assessed in 8 participants. Results: Post-surgery ratings were reduced overall despite fasting levels of leptin and ghrelin changing in favor of increased food intake. Notably, the majority of ratings from before breakfast were not different from ratings after dinner, suggesting that VSG induces changes that overcome the homeostatic drive to oppose a hypocaloric diet. Conclusions: These findings highlight the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy surgery in curbing food-seeking behavior despite a negative calorie balance.
Maternal Dendritic Cells Influence Fetal Allograft Response and Tolerance
Authors: Mattar Citra , Kandasamy Karthikeyan , Johana Nuryanti Binti , Tan Lay Geok , Tan Yvonne , Yeo Julie , Li Zhihui , Koh Jiayu , Ginhoux Florent , Chan Jerry , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intrauterine hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUT), a promising therapy for congenital haematological disease, is limited by subtherapeutic donor cell chimerism (DCC). Microchimerism of maternal immune cells (MMc) trafficked into fetal IUT recipients may directly influence immune-mediated donor cell clearance. We investigated if maternal dendritic cell (DC) suppression reduces recipient alloresponsiveness to donor cells, improving DCC. IUT was performed at E14 in pregnancies resulting from crossing CD11c.DTR(B6) females and Balb/c males, with semiallogenic Balb/c or C57BL/6, or fully allogenic C3H donor cells, 24h after administering diphtheria toxin to the dam, transiently suppressing maternal DC. This resulted in reduced MMc in recipient fetuses, greatest after Balb/c transplantation, also associated with the highest DCC, and lowest with C3H. Maternal-derived T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes were enriched in IUT recipients and displayed substantially reduced diversity. Recipient pups with reduced MMc increased expression of regulatory T-cell subtypes, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and demonstrated enhanced TCR clonotype diversity. DCC was primarily related to donor cell type and not influenced by MMc. Our data indicate that donor cell origin and MMc are distinct factors determining IUT effectiveness. MMc independently influences DCC and recipient tolerance to donor cells and may present novel therapeutic targets to improve transplantation outcomes.
Importance of Water Level Management for Peatland Outflow Water Quality in the Face of Climate Change and Drought
Authors: Salimi Shokoufeh , Scholz Miklas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The impact of different climate scenarios, drought, and water level management on the outflow water quality of peatlands has been investigated. A mesocosm experiment has been conducted within climate control chambers to simulate current (2016–2019 real-time) and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) for the peatland mesocosms. To assess the efficiency of a management strategy for improving peatland water quality, water level adjustment was applied to half of the system at the same time for each climate scenario. Furthermore, the mesocosm experienced the 2018 European drought during the simulation years, and the corresponding impact was analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the effect of water level but not climate change on the water quality of peatland mesocosms was significant. The effect of water level management was the largest for ammonium (NH4-N) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and the smallest for total phosphorus (TP). Drought had a strong impact on chemical variables, increasing their concentration and deteriorating the water quality of peatland outflow. The results highlight the need for water level management in stabilizing nutrient levels in peatland outflows, especially for the warmer climate scenarios to mitigate the negative consequences of global warming.
Polyethyleneimine/activated carbon paper-based material for low-concentration hexavalent chromium removal
Authors: Gao Tianliang , Zhao Chuanshan , Wang Sha , Li Xia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, softwood pulp, activated carbon powder, and polyester fiber were prepared into activated carbon paper-based materials (ACPBM) by papermaking. Then the polyethyleneimine (PEI) is loaded on the activated carbon paper-based material by dipping to prepare a high-performance, green PEI/activated carbon composite paper-based adsorbent material (PPCA) to remove low concentrations of Cr(VI) in water. The surface characteristics of the ACPBM and PPCA were analyzed by SEM, EDX, BET, and FT-IR, which showed that PEI had been successfully loaded on the surface of ACPBM. It was found that when the impregnated PEI concentration is 1%, the adsorbent dosage is 3 g·L-1, the contact time is 180 min, the concentration of initial Cr(VI) is 5 mg·L-1 , and the pH is 2, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) can reach 1.58 mg·g-1. The process of PPCA adsorption of Cr(VI) conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption is multi-molecular layer adsorption with the adsorption mechanism of ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. In adsorption thermodynamics, ΔH0>0, ΔG0<0, and ΔS0＞0, indicating that the process of adsorbing Cr(VI) by the 1%PPCA is an endothermic entropy increase reaction that can proceed spontaneously. This study shows that a green, recyclable, and degradable high-performance PPCA adsorbent has been prepared through traditional papermaking processes and physical impregnation methods, which has a significant removal effect on low-concentration hexavalent chromium ions and can be industrialized.
Prognostic role of filgrastim in the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: POZO JUAN FRANCISCO MARIN , CID CARMEN LUCIA MUÑOZ , GARCIA RAQUEL CLARAMUNT , CABA ELVIRA MARIN , GRANADOS ANA LAURA ORTEGA 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether the use of G-CSF during the first-line therapy of nSCLC influences the effectiveness of anti-PD1/PD-L1 drugs (aPD1-i) used in subsequent therapies.Methods: We designed a single-center, observational, retrospective study with nSCLC patients treated with aPD1-i (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab) after primary platinum-based chemotherapy in southern Spain. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The results were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method for G-CSF-use.Results: We enrolled 79 patients (91% male) with a mean age of 66.7 years. Nivolumab, atezolizumab, and pembrolizumab were used in 55.7%, 25.3%, and 19.0% of the patients, respectively. G-CSF was administered to 19 patients. The median treatment duration was 4.1 months (95%CI: 2.3-5.8). Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 7.3 (95%CI: 3.4-11.3) and 4.4 months (95%CI: 2.3-6.5), respectively. The median OS was 15.8 months (95%CI: 1.2-30.3) in G-CSF-treated patients and 5.3 months (95%CI: 2.3-8.3) in the non-treated group (p=0.186). Higher OS was observed in all subgroups.Conclusions: The effectiveness of aPD1-i in previously treated nSCLC patients was higher in the G-CSF-treated group than in the non-treated group, although the difference was statistically insignificant. These results may contribute to improving the effectiveness of anti-PD1/PD-L1 drugs, although confirmatory prospective studies are required.
No One Stands Alone - Partnerships for Community Resilience
Authors: Drakaki Maria , Kovács Gyöngyi , Tzionas Panagiotis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Organisations included in social partnerships jointly address the gaps in their society and community. Community-based social partnerships are based on the principles of self-organisation, yet logistically, this can bring many challenges. This study therefore focuses on the logistical aspects of a community-based social partnership in Greece, and the contribution of this partnership to community resilience. The role of community-based logistical activities in building community resilience has been studied. An in-depth qualitative study of a particular community-based social partnership was conducted, with interviews across all partner organisations and secondary data from publicly available documents. Logistical activities are performed mainly by the membership base of various non-governmental organisations in a manner of self-organised “collective action”. Interestingly, community resilience refers to a capacity for collective action, hence organising logistical activities in this fashion ultimately contributes to community resilience.
Distributed Adaptive Control for a Class of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems With Nonidentical Dimensions
Authors: Qin Bo , Fan Yongqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel distributed adaptive control scheme based on radial basis neural network (RBFNN) is proposed for a class of leaderless heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent system with same and different dimensions. Considering the nonidentical dynamic differential equation with different dimensions of each agent, the definition with similar parameters of each agent is addressed, and then the distributed control consisting of a series of similar matrices or vectors can make that the states of follower agents track the leader's dynamic behaviors. Through the coupling weight adaptive laws and the feedback control of neural network weights, it is ensured that all signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.
A novel short-term carbon emission prediction model based on secondary decomposition method and long short-term memory network
Authors: Kong Feng , Song Jianbo , Yang Zhongzhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Grasping the dynamics of carbon emission in time plays a key role in formulating carbon emission reduction policies. In order to provide more accurate carbon emission prediction results for planners, a novel short-term carbon emission prediction model is proposed. In this paper, the secondary decomposition technology combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to process the original data and the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) is applied to select the optimal model input. Then, the long short-term memory network (LSTM) is chosen for prediction. The secondary decomposition algorithm is innovatively introduced into the field of carbon emission prediction and the empirical results illustrate that the secondary decomposition technology can further improve the prediction accuracy. Combined with the secondary decomposition, the R2, MAPE and RMSE of the model are improved by 2.20%, 43.08% and 36.92% on average. And the proposed model shows excellent prediction accuracy (R2=0.9983, MAPE=0.0031, RMSE=118.1610) compared with other 11 comparison models. Therefore, this model not only has potential value in the formulation of carbon emission reduction plans, but also provides a valuable reference for future carbon emission forecasting research.
Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Controlling Earth Fissures Due To Excessive Groundwater Pumping
Authors: Li Yueting , Friedman Noemi , Teatini Pietro , Benczur Andras , Ye Shujun , Zhu Lin , Zoccarato Claudia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aseisimic earth fissures are complex consequences of groundwater withdrawal and natural hydrogeologic conditions. This paper aims to improve the understanding of the mechanism of earth fissuring and investigate the relative importance of various factors to fissure activity, including bedrock geometry, piezometric depletion, compressibility and thickness of the exploited aquifer. For these purposes, a test case characterized by an impermeable and incompressible rock ridge in a subsiding basin is developed, where stress/displacement analyses and fissure state are predicted using an interface finite element model. Three different methods for global sensitivity analysis are used to quantify the extent of the fissure opening to the aforementioned factors. The conventional sampling based Sobol' sensitivity analysis is compared to two surrogate based methods, the general polynomial chaos expansion based Sobol' analysis and a feature importance evaluation of a gradient boosting decision tree model. Numerical results indicate that earth fissure is forming in response to tensile stress accumulation above the ridge associated to pore pressure depletion, inducing the fissure opening at land surface with further downward propagation. Sensitivity analysis highlights that the geometry of bedrock ridge is the most influential feature. Specifically, the fissure grows more when the ridge is steeper and closer to the land surface. Pore pressure depletion is a secondary feature and required to reach a certain threshold to activate the fissure. As for this specific application, the gradient boosting tree is the most suitable method for its better performance in capturing fissure characteristics.