bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P010 Adherent-Invasive Escherichia Coli strain O83:H1 induces inflammatory response in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Iaquinto G C , Mazzarella G , Rotondi Aufiero V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Several studies suggest that Adherent-Invasive Escherichia Coli (AIEC) colonize the ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This strain is able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, and survive within macrophages, prompting an inflammatory response.
The aim of this study was to investigate, by using an organ culture model, the ability of AIEC strain O83:H1 to colonize intestinal epithelial cells of CD patients, inducing chronic inflammation.

Methods
An organ culture model conducted with colonic biopsies derived from CD patients was set up to evaluate the ability of AIEC strain 083:H1, compared to a non-pathogenic (NP) E. Coli strain, to upregulate CEACAM 6 (CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen-related Cellular Adhesion Molecule 6), LAMP-1 (Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 1), ICAM-1 (Intracellular Adhesion Molecule) and HLA-DR antigen expression, by immunohistochemistry, and to induce IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-8 production, by RT-qPCR.
The staining of epithelial cells that expressed CEACAM6 and LAMP1 as well as the expression of ICAM1 on blood vessels was evaluated in terms of staining intensity. The number of LAMP1 and HLA-DR lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) was evaluated within a total area of 1 mm2 of lamina propria.

Results
Expression of CEACAM6 on intestinal epithelial cells, and the expression of LAMP-1 either on epithelium as well as in the LPMNCs, were significantly increased (P&lt;0,05) in the biopsies cultured with the AIEC strain O83:H1 compared to the biopsies cultured with NP strain. ICAM-1 and HLA-DR were significantly increased (P&lt;0,05) on blood vessels and on LPMNCs, respectively, in presence of AIEC strain O83:H1 as compared with NP strain.
Moreover we observed a higher level of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA trascripts in biopsies cultured with AIEC strain 083:H1 than in biopsies cultured with NP strain.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that AIEC strain O83:H1 in CD is able to adhere to and invade the intestinal epithelial cells, and to play an important role in activating chronic inflammatory responses observed in CD patients.
P072 Melanocortin MC3 and MC5 receptors expression is different according to colonic disease activity in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis biopsies: results from an immunohistochemical observational study
Authors: Gravina MD A G , Panarese I , Trotta M C , D’Amico M , Pellegrino R , Ferraraccio F , Galdiero M , Alfano R , Loguercio C , Romano M , Grieco P , Federico A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
MC3-R and MC5-R receptors belong to the complex melanocortin system, which has shown a strong immunomodulatory activity in several studies. Data on the role of these receptors in relation to inflammatory bowel disease are still missing and not fully elucidated. In this observational study we wanted to evaluate the expression profile of them in the colonic mucosa of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis patients both in the tracts directly affected by the disease activity and in the tracts spared.

Methods
We conducted on colonic biopsies of patients with histological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease immunohistochemical analyses in order to assess the degree of expression of MC3-R and MC5-R. Biopsies were performed on both the traits with macroscopic signs of inflammation and the macroscopically normal traits to assess whether the expression of the two receptors was different in relation to disease activity.

Results
In both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis diseased tracts MC3-R (CD: +7.7 fold vs normal mucosa, P &lt; 0.01; UC: +5.6 fold vs normal mucosa, P &lt; 0.01) and MC5-R (CD: +5.5 fold vs normal mucosa, P &lt; 0.01; UC: +8.1 fold vs normal mucosa, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly increased compared to healthy mucosa.

Conclusion
MC3-R and MC5-R are expressed in the colon of patients with Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. In addition, expression is different with a higher degree of expression in the traits most affected by disease activity in both Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis providing a potential use of these receptors in inflammatory bowel diseases pharmacology.
P182 Twisted Pouch Syndrome: A Rare, Difficult to Diagnose Mechanical Complication of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Amenable to Redo Pouch Salvage Surgery
Authors: Holubar MD- MS S , Qazi T , Savage E , Ream J , Lightner A , Rieder F , Gordon I , Baker M , Hull T , Steele S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a technically demanding procedure. Intraoperatively, great care must be taken to assure a straight superior mesenteric axis. Rarely, twisted pouches are inadvertently constructed, resulting in deviations of expected pouch function. Herein we describe our quaternary pouch referral center experience with twisted pouch syndrome (TPS).

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of our prospectively maintained pouch registry from 1995 – 2020. Patients were identified using free-text search of redo IPAA operative reports for variations of the term “twist”. We defined twisted pouch syndrome as intraoperative findings of twisting of the pouch around its mesenteric axis which could not be reduced without disconnection from the anus. Data represent frequency (proportion) or median (range).

Results
Over 25-years, we identified 31 patients with confirmed TPS who underwent a redo pouch procedure by 11 surgeons: 67% were female, median BMI 21.2 (16.9 – 29.5) kg/m2. The duration from the index IPAA to redo procedure was 5 (0.5 – 21) years; all (100%) were referral cases constructed elsewhere. Original diagnoses included: ulcerative colitis 28 (90%), FAP 2 (6.5%). All patients presented with symptoms of pouch dysfunction including erratic bowel habits 28 (93%) with urgency and frequency, abdominal/pelvic/rectal pain 26 (87%), and obstructive symptoms 28 (93%) i.e. obstructed defecation and incomplete evacuation. Most had (75%) been treated for chronic pouchitis with medical therapy, and 48% had undergone previous surgery. Prior to redo IPAA procedure patients underwent a thorough workup: 100% pouchoscopy, 94% pouchogram, 87% underwent EUA, 87% MRI/CT, 71% manometry, and 39% defecography. TPS was diagnosed in 16% by pouchoscopy, in 13% by imaging, and in 71% was diagnosed intra-operatively at re-diversion (20%) or revision/redo IPAA (51%). In terms of surgical intervention, 81% were initially re-diverted. A total of 18 (60%) underwent pouch revision, and 12 (40%) required neo-IPAA. Short-term outcomes: LOS 8 (3 – 32) days, any complication 48%, readmission 11%, reoperation 3.4%, zero mortalities. After a median follow-up 52.5 (1 – 206) months, there were 4 failures: 2 never had loop ileostomy closure, 1 pouch excision, 1 Kock pouch, yielding an overall pouch survival rate of 87%.

Conclusion
Twisted pouch syndrome presents with pouch dysfunction manifest by the triad of erratic bowel habits, unexplained pain, and obstructive (defecation) symptoms. This syndrome may also mimic chronic pouchitis. Despite a thorough workup suggesting a mechanical problem, many patient are not diagnosed until time of redo pouch surgery. Redo surgery for twisted pouch syndrome results in long-term pouch survival for the majority.
P458 Safety and Potential Efficacy of Escalating Dose of Ustekinumab in Pediatric Crohn’s disease (the SPEED-UP study) - A multi-center study from the paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN
Authors: Yerushalmy-Feler A , Pujol-Muncunill G , Martin-de-Carpi J , Kolho K L , Levine A , Olbjørn C , Granot M , Bramuzzo M , Jonsson Rolandsdotter H , Mouratidou N , Hradsky O , Scarallo L , Matar M , Magen Rimon R , Rinawi F , Shalem T , Najajra H , de Meij T , Aloi M , Velasco Rodríguez-Belvís M , Alvisi P , Schneider A M , van Rheenen P , Navas-López V M , Kiparissi F , Barrio J , Turner D , Cohen S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Ustekinumab (UST) is an effective therapy for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease (CD). Intensification of UST maintenance dosage has shown effectiveness in some adult patients, but no similar data are available in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dose escalation of UST in paediatric CD.

Methods
This was a retrospective multicenter study from 25 centers affiliated to the IBD Interest and Porto groups of ESPGHAN. We included children with CD who initiated UST at a standard dosing and subsequently underwent dose escalation to intervals shorter than 8 weeks, or re-induction due to active disease. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and imaging data were collected at escalation and during a 12 months follow-up. Clinical remission was defined as weighted Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI)&lt;12.5 and clinical response as a decline in &gt;17.5 points. Adverse events were explicitly recorded.

Results
Sixty-nine children, with a median age of 15.8 (IQR 13.8–16.9) years and disease duration of 4.3 (2.9–6.3) years were included. Sixty-eight (98.6%) and 59 (86.8%) children were biologic and immunomodulators experienced, respectively. UST dose was escalated after a median of 6 (3.6–12) months of therapy. Clinical response and remission were observed in 46 (67%) and 29 (42%) children at 3 months, respectively. The strongest predictor of clinical remission was lower wPCDAI at escalation (p=0.001). The median serum levels of C-reactive protein decreased from 14 (3–28.03) to 5 (1.1–20.5) mg/L at 3 months (p=0.012), and fecal calprotectin from 1110 (499–2300) to 248 (118–1159) mcg/g at 12 months (p=0.05). Endoscopic and transmural healing were achieved in 3/19 (16%) and 2/15 (13%) patients, respectively, of those with available tests. Overall, 13 patients (19%) discontinued therapy due to active disease, at a median of 3 (3–4.5) months. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
Two-thirds of children with active CD achieved response following dose escalation of UST.
P557 Robotic surgery significantly improves outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Karategos A , Yassin N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) have a high likelihood of both surgical treatment at a young age and repetitive operative interventions. Therefore, development of novel surgical techniques to minimize operative trauma are crucial for this group of patients. Robotic Surgery represents the newest minimally invasive technology available to reduce the impact of surgery, but has mostly been used for colorectal cancer rather than for benign conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and clinical outcomes of robotic surgery for patients with IBD.

Methods
This is a single-institution prospective study evaluating all IBD patients undergoing robotic surgery between October 2020 to November 2021 at our trust. Demographic data, perioperative and 30-day postoperative outcomes were assessed. The feasibility of the techniques and clinical outcomes were documented and data were analysed.

Results
A total of ninety robotic cases were performed from October 2020 to November 2021. Of these, 20 were IBD (75% Crohn’s disease). The M:F ratio was 1:1; median age was 41 (18–79) years, BMI of 25 (16–37) kg/m2. Eighty-four per cent of patients were treated with a biologic agent in the preceding 60 days. The 2 most commonly performed procedures were Right Hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis (44%) and subtotal colectomy with end ileostomy (22%). There were no conversions to open surgery. Return of gut function, as defined by tolerating oral diet and passing flatus, was noted within 48 hours in 85% of the patients (n=17). There was minimal blood loss and all patients were discharged on their baseline Hb with no need for iron replacement therapy or blood transfusion. The median length of hospital stay was 4.5 days (3–10). There was no reported mortality. The 30-day readmission rate was 5% (n=1).

Conclusion
Robotic surgery for patients with IBD is feasible, safe and improves clinical and surgical outcomes. This novel approach ensures that surgery remains minimally invasive, leading to a significant reduction in length of hospital stay, a rapid postoperative recovery and an earlier return of gut function.
Chromosome restructuring and number change during the evolution of Morus notabilis and Morus alba
Authors: Xuan Yahui , Ma Bi , Li Dong , Tian Yu , Zeng Qiwei , He Ningjia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.) is an economically important plant as the main food plant used for rearing domesticated silkworm and it has multiple uses in traditional Chinese medicine. Two basic chromosome numbers (Morus notabilis, n = 7, and Morus alba, n = 14) have been reported in the genus Morus, but the evolutionary history and relationship between them remain unclear. In the present study, a 335-Mb high-quality chromosome-scale genome was assembled for the wild mulberry species M. notabilis. Comparative genomic analyses indicated high chromosomal synteny between the 14 chromosomes of cultivated M. alba and the six chromosomes of wild M. notabilis. These results were successfully verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosomal fission/fusion events played crucial roles in the chromosome restructuring process between M. notabilis and M. alba. The activity of the centromere was another key factor that ensured the stable inheritance of chromosomes. Our results also revealed that long terminal repeat retrotransposons were a major driver of the genome divergence and evolution of the mulberry genomes after they diverged from each other. This study provides important insights and a solid foundation for studying the evolution of mulberry, allowing the accelerated genetic improvement of cultivated mulberry species.
“It’s Not My Freedom or Free”: The Big Box and Toni Morrison’s Meditations on Violence, Justice, and Power
Authors: Brown Lauren M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Toni Morrison’s 1999 book The Big Box, coauthored with her son, Slade Morrison, depicts three children who are locked up because they “just can’t handle [their] freedom.” Ostensibly written for children, the text nonetheless engages issues of sociopolitical power, authority, and justice which affect readers of all ages, challenging them to reconsider the terms of freedom by which we operate. In this way, the book channels issues and themes central to Morrison’s oeuvre, including the many works of nonfiction in which she explores the dynamics of violence and power in the United States and our global community. Indeed, the book’s prescient central refrain is particularly relevant to our contemporary moment as we confront the persisting dis-ease concerning Black and brown bodies in the United States and our ongoing struggle to ensure “freedom and justice for all”.
This essay positions The Big Box as a lens through which we may read Morrison’s nonfiction meditations on the tensions between freedom, authority, justice, and power in the United States. Combining various essays in recent publications such as The Source of Self-Regard (2019) and The Origin of Others (2017) with other pieces of Morrison’s nonfiction, this essay explores how The Big Box channels Morrison’s broader concerns about freedom and justice in the United States that continue to resonate today.
Death of a Patriarch
Authors: Reynolds Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a singular, highly public event set in the volatile world of tenth-century Jerusalem: the murder of the Melkite patriarch during the urban Eastern liturgy of 966. By analyzing the murder itself, the groups and individuals involved, as well as the way the event and the main actors were subsequently described in narrative histories, this case study demonstrates how the complex inter-religious relations in Palestine affected the treatment of the Christian community in the city, while also analyzing the way different identities were politicized to serve the needs of local powerbrokers in their dealings with overarching imperial interests.
Diversity and Convergence
Authors: Esders Stefan , Reimitz Helmut 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter is based on the paradox that whereas the Carolingians used an imagined Frankish identity upon which to build their empire, the very expedient of highlighting this ethnic identity catalyzed the fragmentation of the empire as a whole. As the core was strengthened, more peripheral communities used those same mechanisms to find a voice of their own. During the rise of the Carolingian Empire, the new ruling dynasty dealt with the reality of Frankish and other identities within their realm by reinforcing a legal pluralism that had grown out of the Roman Empire and that had been further developed under their Merovingian predecessors. In this process, acts of legislation came to be much less legitimated by central authority or office. They were agreements between rulers and groups through which authority was acknowledged in exchange for the confirmation or grants of rights and privileges. The resulting interdependence of claims to ethnic identity and legal status, however, intensified in the context of the Carolingian rise to power. But the increasing politicization of ethnic traditions and communities, their legal rights and claims, also worked against the political integration of Carolingian rule. Regional elites emphasized their own customs and rights vis-à-vis the new Frankish kings. The imperial framework allowed for accommodation of all these different claims along with the variety of Frankish ones in a Christian-imperial framework.
From the Sublime to the Ridiculous
Authors: Webb Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at various expressions of identity and identification within a community that encompassed various groups vying for power and influence. It starts from a polemic launched by members of a Yemeni (“Southerner”) faction in the centers of Abbasid power against northern Arabs, which was only loosely connected to whatever being Yemeni in South Arabia might mean. Analyzing the multivalent uses of “Yemeni” identity, especially in poetry composed around the Abbasid court, the chapter shows that it was precisely the rich history attached to this name that made it a flexible tool in the hands of authors commenting on the world around them. Polemical strategies of identification could be employed for a serious competition for political influence but also for courtly entertainment. In the end, it is argued that in a society where everybody was aware of the layers of meaning underlying such markers of identification, no single definition encompasses any of them, and no source should be taken for granted. The chapter includes a translation of selected Arabic poems.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Wickham Chris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter concludes the volume and draws together many of the common themes addressed in the other chapters. It highlights the difficulties involved in comparing “empires” and their perceived successes and failures by stressing the variety of sources and the complexities inherent in the historical record, prompting the question of whether we are comparing sources, events, or modern attitudes. Moreover, it raises the question if and how comparing “empires” differs from comparing different “communities” within said empires: what, then, is the factor deciding along which axes a comparison may be succesful? Additionally, it presents alternative viewpoints and suggests ways of going forward with this particular kind of comparative research in a Mediterranean, but also in a global setting.
Plug-in Cultures
Authors: D'Errico Mike 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The global rise of electronic dance music (EDM) in the 2010s coincided with a renaissance in music software development and the entertainment industries more broadly. Like so many technologies throughout the history of the music products industry, the widespread use of software such as Image-Line’s FL Studio sparked renewed conversations about how the perceived financial accessibility and the user-friendly nature of music software has revolutionized how music gets produced and distributed. This chapter details the relationship between the design of FL Studio, neoliberal capitalism, and the toxic masculinity that permeated EDM in the early twenty-first century. It contextualizes the aesthetic desire among producers to integrate a vast array of media and technologies into their creative workflow within the broader consumerist milieu of digital maximalism—a philosophy that says that the more connected you are, the better.
Introduction
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P. , Le Jia-Liang , Salviato Marco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
After explaining the importance of fracture mechanics, three kinds of fracture mechanics are distinguished and characterized—brittle, ductile and quasibrittle. The last is a relatively more recent branch of fracture mechanics dealing with heterogeneous materials with brittle constituents, which include concrete, many rocks, tough ceramics, fiber composites, sea ice, stiff soils, rigid foams, wood, etc. They are called quasibrittle because in small structures they exhibit limited ductility. While brittle and ductile fracture has traditionally been modeled as line cracks, the quasibrittle fracture mechanics is best described in terms of a band of softening damage. This is particularly important for capturing the effect of crack parallel stresses on the fracture energy, recently revealed by a new type of test, called the gap test. The most important characteristic of quasibrittle materials is an energetic size effect on structure strength which, depending on the structure type, may either dominate or require amalgamation with the classical statistical size effect. In closing, various important applications are pointed out. Each chapter includes application examples and is accompanied by extensive sets of exercise problems, needed for teaching a course.
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics—Line Crack Idealization
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P. , Le Jia-Liang , Salviato Marco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nonlinearity of fracture mechanics is most easily captured by a line crack model because all the structure volume remains elastic, which means that all the nonlinearity is moved into the boundary conditions, although at the penalty of missing the effect of crack-parallel stresses. The cohesive crack model, originated by Barenblatt, lumps all material nonlinearity into a softening relation between the cohesive stress and the opening displacement. Irwin's material length characterizing the size of the fracture process zone (FPZ) is discussed, equivalent LEFM is introduced, and the R-curves, along with their use in fracture stability analysis and size effect, are presented. The relation of cohesive law to fracture energy and strain softening behavior is described. Boundary integral analysis of the cohesive crack growth is explained. Insensitivity to the crack-parallel stresses and the non-tensorial description of the FPZ are pointed out as a limitation of the cohesive crack model. Finally, direct eigenvalue analysis of peak loads and size effect curves is presented.