bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and performance of AM superalloys for high-speed flight environments
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn developing the Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process for the manufacture of components used in high-speed flight environments, a selection process for suitable alloys was devised. Using material properties from literature sources, creep-resistant alloys were down-selected based on the requirement for service in a high temperature, high stress environment and the need for an alloy suitable for manufacture using the WAAM process. Down-selected alloys, Inconel 718 (IN718), Rene 41 (RE41), Haynes 188 (H188) and Inconel 625 (IN625), were deposited by a plasma transferred arc WAAM process in an oxygen-controlled environment. Wall structures were built, and samples extracted for mechanical testing. The performance of as-deposited material was then compared against the wrought literature data. Tensile testing at room temperature revealed a performance mismatch, in comparison with wrought literature data, for precipitation strengthened IN718 & RE41; however, this performance mismatch was less significant for solution strengthened H188 and IN625. Results revealed that the AM material did not meet the wrought strength with performance varying depending on each alloy’s strengthening mechanism. Results illustrate the need for further processing to return the mechanical performance to wrought values.
Numerical Approaches for Investigating Quasiconvexity in the Context of Morrey’s Conjecture
Authors: Voss Jendrik , Martin Robert J. , Sander Oliver , Kumar Siddhant , Kochmann Dennis M. , Neff Patrizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeciding whether a given function is quasiconvex is generally a difficult task. Here, we discuss a number of numerical approaches that can be used in the search for a counterexample to the quasiconvexity of a given function W. We will demonstrate these methods using the planar isotropic rank-one convex function $$\begin{aligned} W_\textrm{magic}^+(F)=\frac{\lambda _\textrm{max}}{\lambda _\textrm{min}}-\log \frac{\lambda _\textrm{max}}{\lambda _\textrm{min}}+\log \det F=\frac{\lambda _\textrm{max}}{\lambda _\textrm{min}}+2\log \lambda _\textrm{min}\,, \end{aligned}$$

W
magic
+

(
F
)

=

λ
max

λ
min

-
log

λ
max

λ
min

+
log
det
F
=

λ
max

λ
min

+
2
log

λ
min

,

where $$\lambda _\textrm{max}\ge \lambda _\textrm{min}$$

λ
max

≥

λ
min

are the singular values of F, as our main example. In a previous contribution, we have shown that quasiconvexity of this function would imply quasiconvexity for all rank-one convex isotropic planar energies $$W:{\text {GL}}^+(2)\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

W
:

GL

+

(
2
)

→
R

with an additive volumetric-isochoric split of the form $$\begin{aligned} W(F)=W_\textrm{iso}(F)+W_\textrm{vol}(\det F)={\widetilde{W}}_\textrm{iso}\bigg (\frac{F}{\sqrt{\det F}}\bigg )+W_\textrm{vol}(\det F) \end{aligned}$$

W

(
F
)

=

W
iso

(
F
)

+

W
vol

(
det
F
)

=

W
~

iso

(

F

det
F

)

+

W
vol

(
det
F
)

with a concave volumetric part. This example is therefore of particular interest with regard to Morrey’s open question whether or not rank-one convexity implies quasiconvexity in the planar case.
Multiprofessioneller Behandlungsansatz bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Manigold Tobias , Gantschnig Brigitte E. , Streitberger Konrad 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungInternationale Leitlinien empfehlen bei anhaltenden Rückenschmerzen bereits frühzeitig die Einbindung verschiedener Professionen und Disziplinen. Damit in Verbindung werden häufig Begriffe wie multiprofessionelle oder interprofessionelle Therapieansätze genannt ohne eine einheitliche Vorstellung, was darunter verstanden wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll Orientierung geben, welche multiprofessionellen Therapieansätze es bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen gibt und wie diese in ein interdisziplinäres und interprofessionelles multimodales Therapiekonzept integriert werden können. Dies stellen wir in einem biopsychosozialen Säulenmodell dar, das für jeden Patienten individuell erstellt werden sollte.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early clinical outcome after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective comparative analysis
Authors: Reinbacher Patrick , Wittig Ulrike , Hauer Georg , Draschl Alexander , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
To help combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, elective inpatient procedures have been reduced. The authors hypothesized that a nationwide lockdown would negatively affect the postoperative outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to reduced physiotherapy as well as restrictions in external facilities of physiotherapy and rehabilitation.

Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective, comparative study including 41 patients who had undergone primary TKA during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to April 2020 and a comparable control group consisting of 47 patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months before the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019. Relevant end points were the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Knee Society Function Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and range of motion (ROM).

Results
The lockdown group had a significantly worse outcome compared to the control group 6 months after TKA regarding WOMAC (p = 0.001), KSS (p < 0.001), OKS (p < 0.001), and length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). We found no statistically significant difference between the groups in ROM (p = 0.132), KSFS (p = 0.933), VAS at rest (p = 0.9.22), and exercise (p = 0.304).

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected early clinical outcome parameters of elective primary TKA at 6 months of follow-up due to restrictions in postoperative care. We believe that standardized protocols for physiotherapy will improve clinical outcomes for TKA in the event of future lockdowns and underline the importance of appropriate postoperative care during this pandemic.
Proposal for a descriptive and differentiated presentation of the longitudinal impact of the new organized cancer screening guideline and HPV vaccination in Germany
Authors: Neis F. , Holleczek B. , Henes M. , Juhasz-Böss I. , Wallwiener D. , Neis K. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Since 01/01/2020, the cervical cancer screening in Germany has been carried out due to the organized early cancer diagnosis guideline (oKFE-RL). In 2007, HPV vaccination was initiated in Germany. The main goal of both initiatives is to further reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer. To assess the effect of the new screening strategy in a timely manner, monitoring of short-term changes need to be considered. Ideally, the effects of both prevention methods would be presented together in one model.

Materials and methods
Because no change in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer is initially expected, the incidence of CIN 3 is used as a surrogate parameter to assess the effects of the prevention efforts. Based on expected additional effects of vaccination and co-testing, a model-based estimation of the expected CIN 3 incidence during the evaluation of the screening program is performed using the CIN 3 incidence in the Saarland population.

Modeling results
The oKFE-RL provides for two groups: Primary cytodiagnosis continues until 35 years of age. Here, in the next few years, CIN 3 incidence will be reduced not by the oKFE-RL but by the increasing proportion of vaccinated women. In the group over 35 years, co-testing was introduced with a stringent algorithm. Due to the higher sensitivity of the HPV test, significantly more CIN 3 are detected in the first round of 3 years and thus, the CIN 3 incidence initially increases. As these CIN 3 are absent in the second round, significantly fewer CIN 3 cases will be detected then. These effects suggest a global decrease in CIN 3 incidence of 25.8% after 6 years.

Conclusion
Observation of the age distribution curve of CIN 3 allows both effects of prevention to be assessed in a timely manner and separately. In the future, data from epidemiologic cancer registries should be incorporated into the model to replace modeling with real data.
Neurocognitive deficits in depression: a systematic review of cognitive impairment in the acute and remitted state
Authors: Kriesche Dominik , Woll Christian F. J. , Tschentscher Nadja , Engel Rolf R. , Karch Susanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious research suggests a broad range of deficits in major depressive disorder. Our goal was to update the current assumptions and investigate the extent of cognitive impairment in depression in the acute and remitted state. A systematic review of the existing literature between 2009 and 2019 assessing the risk of bias within the included studies was performed. Of the 42 articles reviewed, an unclear risk of bias was shown overall. The risk of bias mainly concerned the sample selection, inadequate remedial measures, as well as the lack of blinding the assessors. In the acute phase, we found strong support for impairment in processing speed, learning, and memory. Follow-up studies and direct comparisons revealed less pronounced deficits in remission, however, deficits were still present in attention, learning and memory, and working memory. A positive correlation between the number of episodes and cognitive deficits as well as depression severity and cognitive deficits was reported. The results also demonstrate a resemblance between the cognitive profiles in bipolar disorder and depression. Comparisons of depression with schizophrenia led to unclear results, at times suggesting an overlap in cognitive performance. The main findings support the global deficit hypothesis and align with results from prior meta-analyses and reviews. Recommendations for future research are also presented.
Adenosine A2A receptor availability in patients with early- and moderate-stage Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Waggan Imran , Rissanen Eero , Tuisku Jouni , Joutsa Juho , Helin Semi , Parkkola Riitta , Rinne Juha O. , Airas Laura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors co-localize with dopamine D2 receptors in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons of the indirect pathway. A2A receptor activation in the striatum or pallidum decreases D2 signaling. In contrast, A2A receptor antagonism may help potentiate it. Furthermore, previous PET studies have shown increased A2A receptor availability in striatum of late-stage PD patients with dyskinesia. However, human in vivo evidence for striatal A2A receptor availability in early-stage PD is limited. This study aimed to investigate possible differences in A2A receptor availability in the striatum and pallidum of early- and moderate-stage PD patients without dyskinesias.

Methods
Brain MRI and PET with [11C]TMSX radioligand, targeting A2A receptors, was performed in 9 patients with early- and 9 with moderate-stage PD without dyskinesia and in 6 healthy controls. Distribution volume ratios (DVR) were calculated to assess specific [11C]TMSX binding in caudate, putamen and pallidum.

Results
A2A receptor availability (DVR) was decreased in the bilateral caudate of early-stage PD patients when compared with healthy controls (P = 0.02). Conversely, DVR was increased bilaterally in the pallidum of moderate-stage PD patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.03). Increased mean striatal DVR correlated with higher motor symptom severity ($$rho$$

rho

= 0.47, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Our results imply regional and disease stage-dependent changes in A2A receptor signaling in PD pathophysiology and in response to dopaminergic medication.
Structural and functional MRI evidence for significant contribution of precentral gyrus to flexible oculomotor control: evidence from the antisaccade task
Authors: Jin Zhenlan , Jin Dong-gang , Xiao Min , Ding Aolin , Tian Jing , Zhang Junjun , Li Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntisaccade task requires inhibition of a prepotent prosaccade to a peripheral target and initiation of a saccade to the opposite location, and, therefore, is used as a tool to investigate behavioral adjustment. The frontal and parietal cortices are both known for their activation during saccade generation, but it is unclear whether their neuroanatomical characteristics also contribute to antisaccades. Here, we took antisaccade cost (antisaccade latency minus prosaccade latency) as an index for additional time for generating antisaccades. Fifty-eight participants conducted pro and antisaccade tasks outside the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and their structural MRI (sMRI) data were also collected to explore brain regions neuroanatomically related to antisaccade cost. Then, twelve participants performed saccade tasks in the scanner and their task-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected to verify the activation of structurally identified brain regions during the saccade generation. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results revealed that gray matter volume (GMV) of the left precentral gyrus and the left insula were positively correlated with the antisaccade cost, which was validated by the prediction analysis. Brain activation results showed the activation of the precentral during both pro and antisaccade execution period, but not the insula. Our results suggest that precentral gyrus and insula play vital roles to antisaccade cost, but possibly in different ways. The insula, a key node of the salience network, possibly regulates the saliency processing of the target, while the precentral gyrus possibly mediates the generation of saccades. Our study especially highlights an outstanding role of the precentral gyrus in flexible oculomotor control.
Low rate of asymptomatic carriage and salivary immunoglobulin A response to Group A Streptococci in the healthy adult population in Finland
Authors: Lönnqvist Emilia , Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela Kirsi , Loimaranta Vuokko , Vuopio Jaana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes, also called group A streptococcus (GAS), is a human pathogen causing a wide range of infections ranging from mild tonsillitis to severe, life threatening conditions such as bacteraemia, necrotizing fasciitis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS may also colonise the oropharynx without causing any signs of disease which is known as asymptomatic carriage. This study aims to investigate IgA responses against GAS and oral streptococci from saliva samples collected from healthy Finnish adults. In addition, asymptomatic throat GAS carriage was studied. The study participants consisted of healthy adult volunteers who provided one saliva sample, a throat swab, and a background questionnaire. Total salivary IgA, and GAS specific IgA were analysed from the saliva samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the results were compared to oral streptococci specific IgA levels. Asymptomatic GAS throat carriers were identified by bacterial culture, and the isolates were emm typed. Samples from a total of 182 individuals were analysed. The median salivary IgA concentration was 62.9 µg/ml (range 17.3–649.9 µg/ml), and median GAS and oral streptococcal specific IgA concentrations 2.7 and 3.3 arbitrary units (AU, range 1.4–7.4 AU and 1.6–12.0 AU), respectively. Three individuals with asymptomatic GAS throat carriage were identified.
Reduced pollinator service in small populations of Arabidopsis lyrata at its southern range limit
Authors: Sánchez-Castro Darío , Armbruster Georg , Willi Yvonne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEven though a high fraction of angiosperm plants depends on animal pollinators for sexual reproduction, little is known how pollinator service changes across the ranges of plant species and whether it may contribute to range limits. Here, we tested for variation in pollinator service in the North American Arabidopsis lyrata from its southern to northern range edge and evaluated the driving mechanisms. We monitored insect pollinators using time-lapse cameras in 13 populations over two years and spotted 67 pollinating insect taxa, indicating the generalist nature of this plant-pollinator system. Pollinator service was highest at intermediate local flower densities and higher in large compared to small plant populations. Southern populations had generally smaller population sizes, and visitation rate and pollination ratio decreased with latitude. We also found that pollinator visitation was positively correlated with the richness of other flowering plants. This study indicates that plant populations at southern range edges receive only marginal pollinator service if they are small, and the effect of lower pollination is also detectable within populations across the range when the local flower density is low. Results, therefore, suggest the potential for an Allee effect in pollination that manifests itself across spatial scales.
Modelling the transport and deposition of ash following a magnitude 7 eruption: the distal Mazama tephra
Authors: Buckland Hannah M. , Mastin Larry G. , Engwell Samantha L. , Cashman Katharine V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDMs) are necessary for forecasting tephra dispersal during volcanic eruptions and are a useful tool for estimating the eruption source parameters (ESPs) of prehistoric eruptions. Here we use Ash3D, an Eulerian VATDM, to simulate the tephra deposition from the ~ 7.7 ka climactic eruption of Mount Mazama. We investigate how best to apply a VATDM using the ESPs characteristic of a large magnitude eruption (M ≥ 7). We simplify the approach to focus on the distal deposit as if it were formed by a single phase of Plinian activity. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to use modern wind profiles to simulate the tephra dispersal from a prehistoric eruption; however, this introduces an inherent uncertainty to the subsequent simulations where we explore different ESPs. We show, using the well-documented distal Mazama tephra, that lateral umbrella cloud spreading, rather than advection–diffusion alone, must be included in the VATDM to reproduce the width of the isopachs. In addition, the Ash3D particle size distribution must be modified to simulate the transport and deposition of distal fine-grained (< 125 µm) Mazama ash. With these modifications, the Ash3D simulations reproduce the thickness and grain size of the Mazama tephra deposit. Based on our simulations, however, we conclude that the exact relationship between mass eruption rate and the scale of umbrella cloud spreading remains unresolved. Furthermore, for ground-based grain size distributions to be input directly into Ash3D, further research is required into the atmospheric and particle processes that control the settling behaviour of fine volcanic ash.
Epigenetic regulation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the era of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kawakubo Kazumichi , Castillo Carlos Fernandez-del , Liss Andrew Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal cancer with poor response to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic alterations contribute to its aggressive biology and the tumor microenvironment which render it unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we review our current understandings of epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, its effect on the tumor immune microenvironment, and the potential for epigenetic therapy to be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Opportunities arising from the COVID-19: an international orthopaedic surgeons’ perspective
Authors: Howard Anthony , Robinson Tom , Lind Amy , Pepple Sophanit ,   COVID Ortho Group Collaborators, Chloros George D. , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The unprecedented COVID-19 experience has posed severe challenges to the health care system and several of these are documented in orthopaedic surgery; however, although the pandemic has also brought positive changes, these have not been precisely documented. The purpose of this survey is to identify positive perceptions by orthopaedic surgeons at an international level.

Methods
A cross-sectional, web-based survey inviting 120 orthopaedic surgeons was conducted in April 2020 querying about the positive lessons COVID-19 would teach us. From all responses, thematic codes were obtained and an exploratory thematic analysis was carried out to determine the prevalent themes.

Results
A total of 100 responses (83% response rate) from a total of seven countries were received. The variety of responses received were grouped into 13 different thematic codes. The thematic analysis generated two major themes: “Virtual reorganization” and “Wellness and sustainability”. Fifty-four per cent of the participants reported positive changes in service reorganization and virtual consultation, whereas 30% replied with an increased feeling of well-being which overlapped with environmental benefits, including reduced paperwork, reduced travelling and increased quality time for family and reflection.

Conclusions
Despite the negative aspects of the pandemic, responders reported several positive changes particularly relating to service reorganization and personal well-being. This study prompts further larger scale research to unravel further detail in those positive aspects and strongly enhance our future orthopaedic practice.
Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains
Authors: Reitschuster S. , Illenberger C. M. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe application of high-performance polymer gears in power transmissions is increasingly gaining focus in current research and industrial practice. The well-known advantages of thermoplastics such as cost-efficient production and low density compete with moderate strength and limited operating temperatures. However, the properties of thermoplastics can be used effectively to address the challenges of more efficient powertrains with higher power density, reduced fuel consumption, and reduced manufacturing costs. This work focuses on the implementation of high-performance polymer gears in the powertrain of a light electric vehicle. For demonstration purposes, a series transmission of a prototype of a light electric vehicle is modified and investigated considering the specific properties of polymers and steel materials. Due to its material properties, the high-performance polymer VESTAKEEP® 5000 G was used for the investigations. Different constructional modifications to the serial transmission as well as modifications of the micro geometry of the gears were applied to improve the load distribution and provide sufficient load carrying capacity to the polymer gears. Assuming usual driving cycles and lifetime, the calculations according to VDI 2736 [1] and RIKOR [2] indicate a sufficient load-carrying capacity for the polymer gears used inside. Under the given assumptions, the use of polymer gears in a powertrain of light electric vehicles appears to be possible.