bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive phytocompounds against specific target proteins of Borrelia recurrentis responsible for louse‐borne relapsing fever: Genomics and structural bioinformatics evidence
Authors: Basu Soumya , Debroy Reetika , Kumar Hithesh , Singh Harpreet , Ramaiah Sudha , Anbarasu Anand 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLouse‐borne relapsing fever (LBRF) with high untreated mortality caused by spirochete Borrelia recurrentis is predominantly endemic to Sub‐Saharan Africa and has re‐emerged in parts of Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America due to population migrations. Despite subtractive evolution of lice‐borne pathogenic Borrelia spp. from tick‐borne species, there has been no comprehensive report on conservation of protein targets across tick and lice‐borne pathogenic Borrelia nor exploration of phytocompounds that are toxic to tick against lice. From the 19 available whole genomes including B. recurrentis, B. burgdorferi, B. hermsii, B. parkeri and B. miyamotoi, conservation of seven drug targets (>80% domain identity) viz. 30 S ribosomal subunit proteins (RSP) S3, S7, S8, S14, S19, penicillin‐binding protein‐2 and 50 S RSP L16 were deciphered through multiple sequence alignments. Twelve phytocompounds (hydroxy‐tyrosol, baicalein, cis‐2‐decanoic acid, morin, oenin, rosemarinic acid, kaempferol, piceatannol, rottlerin, luteolin, fisetin and monolaurin) previously explored against Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi when targeted against LBRF‐causing B. recurrentis protein targets revealed high multi‐target affinity (2%–20% higher than conventional antibiotics) through molecular docking. However, based on high binding affinity against all target proteins, stable coarse‐grained dynamics (fluctuations <1 Å) and safe pharmacological profile, luteolin was prioritized. The study encourages experimental evaluation of the potent phytocompounds and similar protocols for investigating other emerging vector‐borne diseases.
Do stomata optimize turgor‐driven growth? A new framework for integrating stomata response with whole‐plant hydraulics and carbon balance
Authors: Potkay Aaron , Feng Xue 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Every existing optimal stomatal model uses photosynthetic carbon assimilation as a proxy for plant evolutionary fitness. However, assimilation and growth are often decoupled, making assimilation less ideal for representing fitness when optimizing stomatal conductance to water vapor and carbon dioxide. Instead, growth should be considered a closer proxy for fitness.

We hypothesize stomata have evolved to maximize turgor‐driven growth, instead of assimilation, over entire plants' lifetimes, improving their abilities to compete and reproduce. We develop a stomata model that dynamically maximizes whole‐stem growth following principles from turgor‐driven growth models. Stomata open to assimilate carbohydrates that supply growth and osmotically generate turgor, while stomata close to prevent losses of turgor and growth due to negative water potentials.

In steady state, the growth optimization model captures realistic stomatal, growth, and carbohydrate responses to environmental cues, reconciles conflicting interpretations within existing stomatal optimization theories, and explains patterns of carbohydrate storage and xylem conductance observed during and after drought.

Our growth optimization hypothesis introduces a new paradigm for stomatal optimization models, elevates the role of whole‐plant carbon use and carbon storage in stomatal functioning, and has the potential to simultaneously predict gross productivity, net productivity, and plant mortality through a single, consistent modeling framework.
Inositol polyphosphates‐regulated polyubiquitination of PHR1 by NLA E3 ligase during phosphate starvation response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Park Su‐Hyun , Jeong Jin Seo , Huang Chung‐Hao , Park Bong Soo , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Phosphate (Pi) availability is a major factor limiting plant growth and development. The key transcription factor controlling Pi‐starvation response (PSR) is PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) whose transcript levels do not change with changes in Pi levels. However, how PHR1 stability is regulated at the post‐translational level is relatively unexplored in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Inositol polyphosphates (InsPn) are important signal molecules that promote the association of stand‐alone SPX domain proteins with PHR1 to regulate PSR. Here, we show that NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION (NLA) E3 ligase can associate with PHR1 through its conserved SPX domain and polyubiquitinate PHR1 in vitro. The association with PHR1 and its ubiquitination is enhanced by InsP6 but not by InsP5.

Analysis of InsPn‐related mutants and an overexpression plant shows PHR1 levels are more stable in itpk4‐1 and vih2‐4/VIH1amiRNA but less stable in ITPK4 overexpression plants. Under Pi‐deficient conditions, nla seedlings contain high PHR1 levels, display long root hair and accumulate anthocyanin in shoots phenocopying PHR1 overexpression plants. By contrast, NLA overexpression plants phenocopy phr1 whose phenotypes are opposite to those of nla.

Our results suggest NLA functions as a negative regulator of Pi response by modulating PHR1 stability and the NLA/PHR1 association depends on InsPn levels.
Authors’ response to the letter to the editor on “characterization of asbestos exposures associated with the use of facial makeups”
Authors: Holton Michael , Ellis Jennifer , Anderson Evan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comments of the letter writer. The writer states in his Letter to the Editor that the findings in our publication are not interpretable and/or cannot be generalized due to the lack of understanding of the source mine and bulk content of the cosmetic talc used in the facial makeups. In brief, we performed an exposure simulation study using established industrial hygiene methods, planned and conducted by Certified Industrial Hygienists (CIHs), to assess asbestos exposures during the use of facial makeups that were found to contain very low levels of asbestos below the conventional detection limits of X‐ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. In total, 54 personal air samples and 72 area samples were collected from six different products. Out of the 126 samples collected and analyzed, asbestos was only found in eight samples (five personal samples and three area samples). A 95th percentile 24‐h time‐weighted average (TWA) result of 0.00008 fibers/cubic centimeter was calculated based on censored data and an assumed three applications per day. We believe these results may be of utility to understand the risk of low‐level asbestos content in facial makeups regardless of source or bulk content, as described in our study, and do not find the writer's assertion of generalizability or interpretability to be compelling reasons not to apply our results, as is, for prospective purposes.
Taking Communities into the Groan Zone: Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Demographic Change, Racial Diversity, and Political Difference☆
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper draws from a dataset focusing on two rural communities in Colorado (USA). Data collection occurred over two periods: late‐2019 and again during COVID‐19 lockdowns in mid‐2020. The communities differed demographically: one had a growing minoritized population, especially among its youth; the other was overwhelmingly white. The paper troubles the concept of subjective wellbeing (SWB) as it asks about the productive potentials of discomfort, with assistance from such concepts as colorblind ideology, motivated reasoning, and network homophily. While important to think about so‐called positive emotional states in the context of community development, we must also ask questions like, “SWB for who and at whose expense?” How respondents thought about individual‐ and community‐level SWB had much to do with the social networks they were in. I also explore why the community that fared pandemic‐related disruptions, from a SWB standpoint, better than the other performed worse during this same period from an economic (material) standpoint. Sociological factors explain these dynamics, which are leveraged to enhance our understanding of how to conceptualize community development in productive ways. In sum, I argue that certain expressions of discomfort have value and are therefore necessary for creating resilient, flourishing, and, ultimately, just communities.
Education level and affective polarization: The mediation effects of psychological engagement in politics and authoritarian attitudes
Authors: Han Kyung Joon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate how the education effect on affective polarization is mediated by people's cognitive behaviors.MethodWe employ a causal mediation analysis model and the American National Election Studies (2016 and 2020).ResultsBoth voters’ psychological engagement in politics and their authoritarian attitudes mediate the education effect on affective polarization, but the directions of the two mediation effects are different. While a person's attainment of higher education lowers her affective polarization through her weak authoritarian attitude, it raises her affective polarization through her psychological engagement in politics.ConclusionThe result implies that educational expansion does not warrant the waning of affective polarization. It also implies that education may have differing indirect effects on other political behaviors such as party support.
The TIFY family protein CmJAZ1‐like negatively regulates petal size via interaction with the bHLH transcription factor CmBPE2 in Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Guan Yunxiao , Ding Lian , Jiang Jiafu , Jia Diwen , Li Song , Jin Li , Zhao Wenqian , Zhang Xue , Song Aiping , Chen Sumei , Wang Haibin , Ding Baoqing , Chen Fadi 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYPetals are the second floral whorl of angiosperms, exhibiting astonishing diversity in their size between and within species. This variation is essential for protecting their inner reproductive organs and attracting pollinators for fertilization. However, currently, the genetic and developmental control of petal size remains unexplored. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) belongs to the Asteraceae family, the largest group of angiosperms, and the extraordinary diversity of petal size in chrysanthemums makes it an ideal model for exploring the regulation mechanism of petal size. Here, we reveal that overexpression of a JAZ repressor CmJAZ1‐like exhibits decreased petal size compared to that of the wild‐type as a result of repressed cell expansion. Through further in‐depth exploration, we confirm an interaction pair between CmJAZ1‐like and the bHLH transcription factor CmBPE2. The inhibition of CmBPE2 expression negatively regulates petal size by downregulating the expression of genes involved in cell expansion. Furthermore, CmJAZ1‐like significantly reduced the activation ability of CmBPE2 on its target gene CmEXPA7 by directly interacting with it, thus participating in the regulation of petal size development in chrysanthemum. Our results will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of petal size regulation in flowering plants.
Long-Term Performance of Semimetallic Gaskets
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Das Shubhra Kanti 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Flexible graphite-based gaskets are used extensively in high-temperature applications as a replacement for asbestos-based gaskets. The effects of aging and temperature exposure on flexible graphite sheet gaskets were the subject of a previous work (Derenne et al., 1997, “Elevated Temperature Characterization of Flexible Graphite Sheet Materials for Bolted Flanged Joints,” Welding Research Council Bulletin, Issue 419, pp. 1–87.). In this paper, the effects of aging on flexible graphite under a confined-gasket configuration will be examined as they are yet unknown. This study outlines the performance evaluation of the elevated temperature behavior of flexible graphite-based gaskets under a confined configuration and long-term exposure employing a high-temperature aged leakage relaxation (HALR) fixture. This aged relaxation leakage adhesion test (ARLA)-like fixture retains the mechanical features of the aged tensile relaxation screening (ATRS)/high-temperature aged tensile relaxation (HATR) while enabling cold leakage rate and weight loss measurements. Four distinct semimetallic gaskets with different graphite-confined configurations, namely, corrugated metal, spiral wound, kammprofile, and double jacketed, were evaluated within a temperature range of 800–1200 °F (430–650 °C) for an exposure time of 2500 h. Graphite weight loss, gasket thickness change, leakage and tightness parameters, and creep and relaxation measurements were taken at regular intervals for each gasket style. To better assess the aging process, these critical mechanical and leakage properties were scrutinized; the influence of the degradation process, related mainly to graphite oxidation, was emphasized.
ROP Optimization of Lateral Wells in SW Oklahoma: Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Kolmer Haden P. , Cunningham Clark M. , Al-Dushaishi Mohammed F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rate of Penetration (ROP) optimization has played a key role in the economic return and value of both onshore and offshore wells by decreasing drilling time thereby increasing the net present value (NPV) of the localized field. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to accurately model the ROP of a well in SW Oklahoma to optimize the drilling process.
A parametric study was conducted to showcase the effect of operational parameters on the ROP-ANN model and to minimize error and increase accuracy. The number of neurons and hidden layers within the model are optimized based on the lowest Mean Square Error (MSE) and highest R2. A comparative study was comprised of one well in Southern Oklahoma targeting the Caney Shale. The well is about 10,000″ vertical with a 2-mile lateral with a maximum inclination of 78° and Dogleg Severity (DLS) of 12°/100ft. UCS was incorporated into the model to geomechanically differentiate between shale, sandstone, and limestone.
The input drilling data is weighed against ROP showcasing the impact of each parameter on ROP. From this and further proven in the results, RPM, WOB, and UCS greatly effect ROP per foot based on the sensitivity analysis but steadily decline as the critical value is achieved.
The major advantage of this study is developing an accurate ANN model for onshore North American shale plays in understanding the lithological impact of UCS and high lateral deviation on ROP which can be used in pre-planning to optimize the drilling processes.
Myeloencephalitis as the only presentation of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Dang Tinh Quang , La Duc Thien , Tran Tai Ngoc 
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is now a major global health issue and manifests mainly as a respiratory disorder. Several other complications involving hypercoagulability, cardiovascular system and central nervous system have been described in the literature. Among these atypical presentations, encephalopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity with heterogenous clinical and radiological findings. The direct presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was rarely found in encephalopathy patients with acute SARS-Cov-2 infection.Here, we report a case of myeloencephalitis with positive real-time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF in a young woman presenting exclusively with neurological symptoms. Other differential diagnosis were extensively pursued by a comprehensive aetiological workup. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the Omicron era. In the context of recent global explosion of SARS-Cov-2 infections, clinicians should consider this pathogen among other possible neurotropic agents and be familiar with its radiological and clinical presentations.
Adolescent sexual health interventions that include very young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Manda Wanangwa Chimwaza , Sikweyiya Yandisa , Kaunda-Khangamwa Blessings Nyasilia , Selemani Apatsa , Jimu Scholastica , Kamndaya Mphatso 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionTargeting very young adolescents (VYAs) with sexual health (SH) interventions is increasingly being recognised as one of the strategies for addressing SH challenges in late adolescence. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding SH interventions implemented specifically for VYAs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to provide a summary of documented evidence on SH interventions that include VYAs in SSA, identify gaps in existing interventions and provide recommendations for further programmatic work on SH for VYAs.Methods and analysisThe methods for this scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and further enhanced by Levacet aland the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search electronic databases: Popline, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Dimensions, African Journals Online (AJOL) and specific summon country-specific search. We will include published studies from SSA and only adolescent SH interventions published from the year 2003–2022. Furthermore, we will include programmatic and intervention literature that has not been published in peer-reviewed articles. The data will be charted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review. The data will then be collated and summarised.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review methodology involves putting together information from articles or grey literature that is either publicly available or shared by the authors, this study does not require ethical approval. Findings of this scoping review will be published in a scientific journal and presented at relevant scientific fora and conferences. This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence base of adolescent SH interventions for VYAs in SSA and will highlight critical gaps in the existing interventions and areas where further programmatic work is needed for VYAs in SSA.Registrationhttps://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-gn538-v1.
National, longitudinal NASCITA birth cohort study to investigate the health of Italian children and potential influencing factors
Authors: Pandolfini Chiara , Clavenna Antonio , Cartabia Massimo , Campi Rita , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe NASCITA Study, a national-level, population-based, prospective cohort study, was set up to better understand the early health status of Italian children, comprising their physical, cognitive and psychological development, and how it is affected by social and health determinants, including nurturing care. NASCITA will also assess geographical differences and disparities in healthcare.ParticipantsParticipating family paediatricians from throughout Italy enrolled infants born during the enrolment period (April 2019–July 2020). The 5054 newborns seen by the 139 paediatricians for at least two visits, including the first well-child visit, and for whom parental consent was given, make up the baseline population.Findings to dateMothers had a mean age at delivery of 33.0 years and tended to have a high or medium level of education (42.5% university and 41.7% high school degrees) and to be employed (69.7%). One-third (36.1%) took folic acid supplementation appropriately, and 6.5% smoked or consumed alcohol (10.0%) during pregnancy. One-third (31.7%) of deliveries were caesarean deliveries. Concerning the newborns, 5.8% had a low birth weight and 6.2% were born prematurely. The majority (87.7%) slept in the supine position, and 63.6% were exclusively breast fed at 1 month, with a decreasing north to south prevalence (χ2t52; p<0.001). Significant north–south differences were found in all areas, including parental education, behaviours in pregnancy and hospital practices. When compared with national level data, the cohort population’s distribution, maternal sociodemographic characteristics and newborn physical characteristics reflect those of the Italian population.Future plansData will continue to be collected during the well-child visits until the children are 6 years old, and multiple health outcomes will be studied, spanning child development and illness, as well as potentially related factors including caregiving routines. The findings will be used to develop specific interventions to improve children’s health.Trial registration numberNCT03894566.
Interprofessional education in health professions education programmes in the Arab world: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Waller Susan , Östlundh Linda , El-Awaisi Alla 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionInterprofessional education is a relatively new addition to health professional education curricula in the Arab world. To understand current practice in this area, a scoping review will enable reporting of essential elements for the implementation of interprofessional education. The objective of this scoping review is to report on the implementation components, including presage, process and product, of interprofessional education in prelicensure health professions education programmes in the Arab world.Methods and analysisA comprehensive and systematic search for literature will be conducted using eight electronic databases from their inception to September 2022. A presearch was devised in PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL using a combination of terms related to population, context and concept. The Covidence Systematic Review tool will be used for blind screening, selection and conflict resolution. Data will be presented in tabular format and as a narrative synthesis and will include elements that support the implementation of interprofessional education. This review will be presented according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.Studies conducted with students and/or faculty in prelicensure health professions education programmes will be included. The concept to be explored is interprofessional education. The context is the region commonly known as the Arab world, which includes 18 countries, sharing many common social and cultural traditions and where Arabic is the first language.Excluded will be studies conducted on collaborative practice of health professionals and postlicensure interprofessional education.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval was required. Findings will be disseminated in conference presentations and peer-reviewed articles.