bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Linear Regression Model of Environmental Variables, Predictors of Global Solar Radiation in the Area of East Lima, Peru
Authors: Soria Juan J , Poma Orlando , Sumire David A , Rojas Joel Hugo Fernandez , Chipa Sulamita Marinela Ramos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multiple regression models are very relevant to predict values using predictor variables. The objective of this study was to predict the global solar radiation in the year 2019 in the area of East Lima, Peru. Three continuous quantitative predictor variables were analyzed: temperature, humidity, wind speed and the response variable was global solar radiation, resulting in a model with excellent significance p<0.001 that shows the prediction is effective. The multiple linear regression method was used, finding an average global radiation of 175 W/m2 and predictor variables with average temperature of 19.2 °C, humidity 23.9% and wind speed 1.77 m/s, with the highest temperature in summer recorded at 24.6°C, the highest humidity of 51.2% in autumn, the highest wind speed in summer at 2.63 m/s and the highest maximum global solar radiation in spring with 183 W/m2.
Possibility for Production of Biogas from Manure in Bulgaria
Authors: Ganev Ivaylo , Velichkova Rositsa , Gieva Elitsa , Filipov Kalin , Dimitrov Lubomir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The permanent consumption increasing of energy, foods, techniques and other goods and serviced worldwide leads to the intensifier of their production and to the constant market expansion. In turn, the processes taking place in some of these productions are responsible for the deterioration of the quality of the environment. Over the last decade, science and industry have followed the environmental policies and one of the developing approaches is being the use of by-products as raw materials for new production. The waste to energy technologies meets the requirements both of sustainable managing of wastes and energy production by sources with zero carbon footprint. Typical for this technological approach is its local application and in this study is performed an overview analysis of the possibilities for utilization of livestock manures in systems for production of biogas in Bulgaria. Based on the statistical data for number, and type of farm animals in the country for 2020, their localization, and the potential for gas production of their manure, the calculations were made. The obtained results are presented by regional division and it was estimated that total 1142 installation with 500 kWh capacity could be realized in the investigated farms plants. The obtained results are promising and they are prerequisite for further technological and economic investigations of this waste to energy technology
Sustainable Cities, Rescue of Original Construction Methods and Use of Technology. A literary Review
Authors: Vicuña Susana Moya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concept of sustainability and even more so applied to the city is quite broad, however in general we could say that they are those whose planning and growth considers current challenges, but also understands and recognizes those next to appear, such as the upsurge of climate change, the growth and migration of the human population in and towards cities, based on which it designs a model based on economic and social development, thinking about the importance of people and their needs. In recent years, several sustainable cities have appeared that are proposed as a model, many of these cities have not only looked to the future with new technologies that offer us efficient systems, but have also looked to the past and have found vernacular architecture of their environments, practical solutions of a passive nature, however, although these model cities can serve as an example and even as a hotbed for the development of techniques and technologies that lead us to a sustainable city, they are not models that can be adapted in an intact way in any territory, but must be reinterpreted to achieve optimal functioning among different conditions of another territory.
Influence of adiabatic response of passing energetic ions on high-frequency fishbone
Authors: KONG Haozhe , WANG Feng , SUN Jizhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Adiabatic response effects on high-frequency fishbone instability driven by passing energetic ions are studied. With finite orbit width effects, the adiabatic contribution

δ

W

hf

is derived analytically for purely passing energetic ions. By approximating the adiabatic contribution to the first order of the reverse aspect ratio

ε
,

we derive one of its analytic expressions, which is expected to be more accurate than that in a previous work (Graves J P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett.
92 185003). For high-frequency fishbone instability, nonadiabatic response is usually dominant over adiabatic response, but under certain circumstances the latter plays an important role, comparable to the former. With a more generalized distribution function by introducing Gaussian-type factors representing their pitch and radial dependences and using a slowing-down equilibrium distribution for the energy of energetic ions, numerical analysis indicates that the adiabatic contribution is conducive to stabilization of the mode and causes a decrease in mode frequency. In addition, we find that the adiabatic contribution has a weak stabilizing effect on the fishbone instability when the finite orbit width effect is taken into account. We further analyze the dependence of the adiabatic contribution on the characteristic parameters of the distribution function. When the neutral beam has either a larger deviation from the plasma axis or a larger radial profile, the adiabatic contribution has a more evident effect on the fishbone instability. When the neutral beam has a relatively small critical energy, the adiabatic contribution has a greater effect on the mode instability.
Impact of Technological Developments on Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Lessons From the First 100 Years of the American Journal of Epidemiology
Authors: Foxman Betsy , Mehta Shruti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Technological developments in laboratory and epidemiologic methods, combined with increasing computing power, have synergistically increased our understanding of the epidemiology of infectious disease. Using historical examples from the first 100 years of the American Journal of Epidemiology, we illustrate how these developments provided the foundation for the rapid detection of the agent causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from its transmission efficiency and modalities, risk factors, and natural history to the evaluation of new vaccines and treatments to control its spread and impact. Comparisons with timelines for elucidation of the epidemiology, natural history, and control of other infectious diseases, including viral hepatitis, humbly remind us of how much past discoveries have paved the way for more rapid discovery of and response to new pathogens. We close with some comments on a potential future role of the Journal in infectious disease epidemiology.
Development and implementation of strategic frameworks for polypharmacy management in healthcare organisations: a scoping review
Authors: Al Bulushi S , McIntosh T , Grant A , Stewart D , Cunningham S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
‘Polypharmacy management’ (PM) guidelines exist (1) but there are challenges to implementation and WHO recommends theory-based organisational change strategies to address this (2).

Aim
To identify current evidence base around the development and implementation of strategic frameworks for polypharmacy management in healthcare organisations.

Methods
The Arksey and O’Malley framework and the PRISMA Scoping Reviews extension were used. Databases (Medline, IPA, CINAHL and Business Source Complete) were searched to December 2020. After title and abstract screening full text articles were reviewed. Search, data extraction and eligibility criteria were defined (table). Included studies were charted to collate extracted information and a descriptive narrative approach to data synthesis was taken. All steps involved independent checks by two team members with disagreement mediation by a third.

Results
Initially 702 records were identified after removal of duplicates, 632 of these were excluded after screening leaving 70 papers. A further 63 of these 70 papers were excluded after full text review. The seven papers remaining met the eligibility criteria fully and showed: despite wide availability of polypharmacy guidelines in the West, particularly the UK and European Union, there is limited evidence on the strategic development and implementation of PM frameworks. The main characteristics of strategic approaches used included: Kotter’s eight step process for organisational change, theoretical domains framework to identify individual behavioural determinants, and a community-based medication management intervention. Reported barriers were: lack of data to create a sense of urgency, lack of a national plan for implementation, monitoring and evaluation, poor coordination of care, lack of time for staff, unclear allocation of tasks and responsibilities and lack of training. Organisational level facilitators included: government funding streams and strict regulatory environment, national emphasis on quality and presence of contextual evidence.

Conclusion
Despite PM guidance this review shows limited evidence on development of theory based strategic frameworks for organisational change. Evidence was from Western contexts only. A strength of this work is that it searched internationally but was limited by exclusion of grey literature. Further work is required on theory based strategic organisational change in PM particularly in contexts out with the Western world.

References
(1) Mair A, Fernandez-Llimos F, Alonso A, Harrison C, Hurding S, Kempen T, Kinnear M, Michael N, McIntosh J, Wilson M, the SIMPATHY Consortium. Polypharmacy Management by 2030: a patient safety challenge. 2nd edition. Coimbra: SIMPATHY Consortium; 2017.
(2) World Health Organization. Medication safety in polypharmacy: technical report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
War Myths and the Normalization of PTSD and Military Suicide: The Military Suicide Equation
Authors: MacKenzie Megan , Wegner Nicole 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Military suicide is an increasing concern for Western militaries. In this article, using a qualitative media analysis, we introduce the military suicide equation as a metanarrative and analytic tool for understanding discourse on military suicides. This metanarrative—overseas service + post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) = suicide—positions military suicide as the consequences of PTSD acquired during overseas military deployment and positions increased military funding as the simplistic solution to what is often described as a military suicide “epidemic.” The military suicide equation operates to both normalize evidence of widespread mental health issues within militaries and sustain support for military institutions and war deployments by directing public attention to the “problem-solution” cycle identified in the equation. We assess the political consequences of this simplistic representation, namely the reproduction of preexisting myths about the “unknowability” of war, civilian responsibilities to “Support the Troops,” and the exceptional nature of military service and combat deployment.
Political and International Affairs Simulations and College Students’ Civic Development
Authors: Siegel-Stechler Kelly , Gee Gretchen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Political science professors frequently use simulations to try to enhance student learning. Beyond their use in experiential learning, prior research suggests that simulations may also improve student civic outcomes and promote political interest and engagement outside of the classroom. This study estimates the impact of political science simulations by examining students’ attitudes and behaviors before and after taking part in a simulation. We study whether participation in classroom and Model United Nations simulations leads to increases in student civic engagement, political efficacy, and appreciation of diverse viewpoints among college students using a comparison group difference-in-difference design. We find significant positive impacts of simulations on measures of civic engagement, which suggests that students who participate in simulations may take immediate and concrete steps to be more involved in social and political groups.
Latin American New Constitutionalism
Authors: Couso Javier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The notion of a ‘new Latin American constitutionalism’ (or ‘neo-constitutionalism’) is equivocal. This because it alludes to two radically different constitutional schools of thought that, in the last couple of decades, entered the academic and political scene of the region, transforming part of the constitutional culture and practice of the countries where they have been most influential. The first and most significant school called ‘Latin America’s progressive neo-constitutionalism’, came out of the liberal tradition, as a rejection of the legal formalism and positivism that characterized much of Latin American constitutionalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The second one, which can be called ‘Latin America’s radical neo-constitutionalism’ combines Marxist and post-Marxist critiques of liberal legalism with the radical-democratic tradition which, since the times of the enlightenment, has associated constitutionalism with the sovereign power of the people.
Freedom of Expression and Populist Politics
Authors: Ugarte Ramiro Álvarez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter seeks to describe the normative underpinnings of the freedom of expression debate, which engulfed Latin America in the last few years, especially around the push, led by some countries, to reform the Inter-American Human Rights System. Based on this analysis, the chapter argues for a conflicting relationship between populist politics and freedom of expression. With the dust settled over the Inter-American reform process, the analysis seems timely and relevant given the decline of left-wing populism in the region and the rise of right-wing populism worldwide.
A View From (South) Africa
Authors: Dugard Jackie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a South African’s view of constitutional jurisprudence in Latin America. Writing as an English-speaker from a South African and largely social rights perspective, the constitutional jurisprudence of Latin America stands out for two key, linked reasons. First is the recognition and implementation by the courts of the right of direct access to the highest court. Second is the robust way the courts have advanced individual remedies to social rights, particularly the right to health. The chapter sets out the ways in which, from this (South) African’s perspective, the constitutionalism from particularly Costa Rica, Brazil and Colombia stands out, focusing on direct access to the highest court and the adjudication of social rights.
Defining Physiological Decompensation: An Expert Consensus and Retrospective Outcome Validation
Authors: Mitchell Oscar J. L. , Dewan Maya , Wolfe Heather A. , Roberts Karsten J. , Neefe Stacie , Lighthall Geoffrey , Sands Nathaniel A. , Weissman Gary , Ginestra Jennifer , Shashaty Michael G. S. , Schweickert William D. , Abella Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Physiological decompensation of hospitalized patients is common and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Research surrounding patient decompensation has been hampered by the absence of a robust definition of decompensation and lack of standardized clinical criteria with which to identify patients who have decompensated. We aimed to: 1) develop a consensus definition of physiological decompensation and 2) to develop clinical criteria to identify patients who have decompensated.

DESIGN:
We utilized a three-phase, modified electronic Delphi (eDelphi) process, followed by a discussion round to generate consensus on the definition of physiological decompensation and on criteria to identify decompensation. We then validated the criteria using a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

SETTING:
Quaternary academic medical center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania who had triggered a rapid response team (RRT) response between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Sixty-nine experts participated in the eDelphi. Participation was high across the three survey rounds (first round: 93%, second round: 94%, and third round: 98%). The expert panel arrived at a consensus definition of physiological decompensation, “An acute worsening of a patient’s clinical status that poses a substantial increase to an individual’s short-term risk of death or serious harm.” Consensus was also reached on criteria for physiological decompensation. Invasive mechanical ventilation, severe hypoxemia, and use of vasopressor or inotrope medication were bundled as criteria for our novel decompensation metric: the adult inpatient decompensation event (AIDE). Patients who met greater than one AIDE criteria within 24 hours of an RRT call had increased adjusted odds of 7-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.1 [95% CI, 2.5–6.7]) and intensive care unit transfer (aOR, 20.6 [95% CI, 14.2–30.0]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Through the eDelphi process, we have reached a consensus definition of physiological decompensation and proposed clinical criteria with which to identify patients who have decompensated using data easily available from the electronic medical record, the AIDE criteria.
Invasive Fusobacterium Infections in Children: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Hirschhorn Adi , Averbuch Diana , Michaan Nadav , Adler Amos , Grisaru-Soen Galia 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The past decade has witnessed a rise in Fusobacterium infections. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical and demographic characteristics and outcomes associated with Fusobacterium infections in hospitalized children in central Israel.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of children <18 years old who had been admitted with a diagnosis of invasive Fusobacterium infection (IFI) between January 2010 and April 2020. Clinical, laboratory and microbiologic data were retrieved. IFI diagnosis was based upon microbiological identification in any specimen by culture or by 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Fifty-one children (26 boys) with a median age of 3 years (range, 5–16 years) were included. Hospitalizations for IFI increased from 19 of 100,000 admissions between 2010 and 2015 to 50 of 100,000 between 2016 and 2020, representing a 2.5-fold increase. Most of the infections were from an otogenic source (n = 28, 55%) followed by an oropharyngeal/respiratory source (n = 21, 41%). The most common complications were subperiosteal and epidural abscesses (41% and 37%, respectively). Thrombosis was diagnosed in 11 children, 10 of whom had sinus vein thrombosis. All had an otogenic source. Children with otogenic compared with all other infection sources were significantly younger (median age of 1.9 vs. 3 years; P < 0.001). Forty-seven children (92%) underwent a surgical intervention. All patients survived, one with neurologic sequelae.

Conclusions:
The admissions for IFI in children increased 2.5-fold during the last decade. The most common source is otogenic, especially among younger children, and it is associated with high complication rates. Current management, including combinations of antibiotics and surgical interventions, leads to favorable outcome.
Differences in Bacterial Colonization and Mucosal Responses Between High and Low SES Children in Indonesia
Authors: van Dorst Marloes M.A.R. , Azimi Shohreh , Wahyuni Sitti , Amaruddin Aldian I. , Sartono Erliyani , Wammes Linda J. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Jochems Simon P. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Increased nasopharyngeal carriage of pathogenic bacteria is found in low socioeconomic status (SES) settings. How SES affects local immune responses, important for controlling colonization, is currently unknown.

Objective:
Examining bacterial colonization and cytokine response in the nasal mucosa of children from high and low SES.

Methods:
Nasosorption samples were collected in October 2019 from 48 high SES and 50 low SES schoolchildren, in a cross-sectional study in Makassar, Indonesia. Twenty-five cytokines were measured in nasal fluid. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine carriage and density of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression.

Results:

H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae densities were increased in low SES settings compared to the high SES settings (P = 0.006, P = 0.026), with 6 and 67 times higher median densities, respectively. Densities of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were positively associated with levels of IL-1beta and IL-6. After correcting for bacterial density, IL-6 levels were higher in colonized children from high SES than low SES for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (both P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
Increased densities of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were observed in low SES children, whereas IL-6 levels associated with colonization were reduced in these children, indicating that immune responses to bacterial colonization were altered by SES.
The Forensic Psychiatric Network of Observation and Documentation: At the Intersection of Review Board Hearings and Nursing Practice
Authors: Domingue Jean-Laurent , Jacob Jean-Daniel , Perron Amélie , Foth Thomas , Pariseau-Legault Pierre 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Forensic psychiatric nursing is a specialty at the junction of two well-researched intersecting systems with two mandates: criminal justice and health care. Nurses' involvement at one of the systems' points of juncture, review board (RB) hearings, has largely been left unexplored. At RB hearings, a panel of legal and healthcare professionals determines if persons unfit to stand trial (UST) or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCR) represent significant threats to the safety of the public and orders conditions aimed at keeping the community safe. The aim of this article is to present the results of a critical ethnography that explored how psychiatric and public safety discourses construct the identity of persons UST or NCR during RB hearings as well as nurses' contribution to such identity construction. The main finding is that the forensic psychiatric structure leverages nursing interventions and documentation as evidence of deviancy, so that persons UST or NCR can be objectified and produced as dangerous. Structures sustaining the forensic psychiatric system inscribe nursing care within a disciplinary scheme, rendering the care-and-custody dichotomy insufficient to explain the complex processes at play in forensic psychiatry. These findings have implications for the practice of nurses working in forensic psychiatric settings and for that of other nurses who practice on the medicolegal borderland.