bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson rehabilitation in nursing homes: a qualitative exploration of the experiences of patients and caregivers
Authors: Fidder Hester , Jaski Joannina J. , Elbertse Eskeline , van Loon Anouk M. , Monnier Annelie A. , de Boer Marike E. , de Groot Aafke J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Worldwide, an increasing number of people are diagnosed with atypical Parkinsonism or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Periods of acute functional decline, triggered by acute disease, are common. Rehabilitation is often necessary to restore functioning. Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in the Netherlands have developed evidence-based geriatric rehabilitation for Parkinson (GR-P) programs. However, data on the experiences and needs of patients and their caregivers are lacking. This study aims to address these, in order to propose recommendations for improvement.

Methods
We performed a qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews in two Dutch SNFs offering GR-P. Nine patients with PD and six informal caregivers were included. We subjected verbatim transcripts of 15 interviews to qualitative analysis.

Results
Data saturation was reached after 15 interviews. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) autonomy, (2) sharing information and (3) contact with others. Loss of autonomy was linked to the underlying disease and the rehabilitation environment itself. Patients and caregivers felt overwhelmed by events before and during rehabilitation, expressing a need to receive information and discuss prior experiences. They considered communication between hospitals and SNFs to be poor. Patients did not always appreciate contact with peers. Both patients and caregivers appreciated empathic healthcare personnel with a firm knowledge on PD.

Conclusions
Autonomy, sharing information and contact with others are central themes for patients and caregivers during GR-P in SNFs. We recommend actively exploring these three central themes with every patient and caregiver entering a GR-P program and offering staff continuing education on PD, in order to improve care.
Selected Domains within a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Older Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma are Highly Associated with Frailty
Authors: Gamarra Samaniego María del Pilar , Blanquicett Carmelo J. , Araujo Castillo Roger V. , Chavez Julio C. , Beltrán Garate Brady Ernesto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is increasing, particularly among older patients who tend to have worse outcomes and can be predisposed to increased toxicities and less treatment tolerance. Therefore, a thorough pre-treatment assessment is essential. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can be used to evaluate the older patient considering chemotherapy and is the preferred evaluation tool. However, a formal CGA is laborious, complex and time-consuming.

Objectives
To characterize older adults with NHL and determine the CGA variables with the greatest association to frailty in order to propose a more simplified assessment.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study using data collected from CGAs in NHL patients > 65 years admitted to our oncology service, from September 2015 to August 2017. Our evaluation parameters included: polypharmacy, a screening tool of older people's prescriptions (STOPP), the Lawton scale, Barthel index, Katz index, gait speed, a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, a Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE), the Yesavage and Gijon scales, a Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA), a Geriatric Syndromes assessment, and a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric (CIRS-G). The formal CGA was comprised of nine domains; frailty was defined as an impairment in > 2 domains. Each parameter was individually compared with frailty, and the results were used to build different multivariate models using logistic regression analyses to obtain the variables with the highest frailty association.

Results
A total of 253 patients were included. Their median age was 75.4 years (range 65–92), and 62.1% had > 1 impaired domain, with 39.9% considered frail. Bivariate analysis showed strong associations with age > 85 and all the geriatric parameters except for STOPP. Our final multivariate analysis resulted in 5 domains (the use of > 5 medications, a Lawton < 7, TUG > 20, Yesavage > 5, and the presence of at least one geriatric syndrome) being significantly associated with frailty and performing similarly to a CGA.

Conclusion
In our population of older NHL patients, an abbreviated evaluation based of only five domains, polypharmacy, TUG, Lawton scale, Yesavage scale and the presence of at least one geriatric syndrome, had similar performance to a formal CGA in determining frailty.
Immunotherapy and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: How to Sequence?
Authors: Komitopoulou Anna , Baltadakis I. , Peristeri I. , Goussetis E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong-term disease control is achieved in 80–90% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B origin (B-ALL). About half of adult and 10% of pediatric patients develop refractory or relapsed disease, whereas survival after relapse accounts about 10% in adults and 30–50% in children. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation offers remarkable benefit in cases with unfavorable outcome. Nevertheless, novel immunotherapeutic options have been approved for patients with adverse prognosis. Immunotherapeutic agents, nowadays, are preferred over standard chemotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL The mode of action, efficacy and safety data of immunotherapeutic agents released, indications and sequence of those therapies over the course of treatment, are herein reviewed.
Immunobiology and immunotherapy of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kundal Richa , Kaushal Vikrant 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGestational trophoblastic diseases are a heterogeneous group of pregnancy related tumors that show extensive metastatic spread but are readily responsive to chemotherapy. This one of a kind treatability of gestational trophoblastic tumors may to some extent be inferable from a host immunologic reaction to the paternal antigens that are expressed on the trophoblastic cells. In this review, we evaluate the current cognizance of immunobiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases and also establish the immunologic behaviour of gestational trophoblastic diseases which should be researched further in order to gain a better understanding of the aetiology of these neoplasias. This will further help structuring immunotherapeutic methodologies for their treatment.
TripletGO: Integrating Transcript Expression Profiles with Protein Homology Inferences for Gene Function Prediction
Authors: Zhu Yi-Heng , Zhang Chengxin , Liu Yan , Omenn Gilbert S. , Freddolino Peter L. , Yu Dong-Jun , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gene Ontology (GO) has been widely used to annotate functions of genes and gene products. Here, we proposed a new method, TripletGO, to deduce GO terms of protein-coding and non-coding genes, through the integration of four complementary pipelines built on transcript expression profile, genetic sequence alignment, protein sequence alignment, and naïve probability. TripletGO was tested on a large set of 5754 genes from 8 species (human, mouse, Arabidopsis, rat, fly, budding yeast, fission yeast, and nematoda) and 2433 proteins with available expression data from the third Critical Assessment of Protein Function Annotation challenge (CAFA3). Experimental results show that TripletGO achieves function annotation accuracy significantly beyond the current state-of-the-art approaches. Detailed analyses show that the major advantage of TripletGO lies in the coupling of a new triplet network-based profiling method with the feature space mapping technique, which can accurately recognize function patterns from transcript expression profiles. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple complementary models, especially those from transcript expression and protein-level alignments, improves the coverage and accuracy of the final GO annotation results. The standalone package and an online server of TripletGO are freely available at https://zhanggroup.org/TripletGO/.
Histopathology findings of resected gastric specimens post sleeve gastrectomy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rashdan Mohammad , Mansour Hanan , Odeh Ghada , Abu-dawood Rawan , Otoom Gaida , Foudeh Dina , Al-alwan Leen , Al-mustafa Sahar , Al-Taher Raed , Obeidat Firas 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and feasible bariatric procedure, but it is debatable whether the resected gastric specimen should be sent for histopathological examination. This is based on whether examination would reveal any serious findings in the absence of suggestive clinical symptoms. In this study, we aim to look for the percentage of examined resected gastric specimens and identify the prevalence of various histopathological findings among patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy, comparing our results to the literature.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study. Histopathology reports were retrieved for patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy between January 2015 and October 2019. Data was collected from their medical records and analysed.

Results:
A total of 810 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy in the study period. The majority of them (88.9%, n = 720) had their specimens sent for pathological examination. Female patients were 585 (77.5%), their mean age was 36 ± 10.7 (mean ± SD) years and body mass index was 46 ± 7.5 (mean ± SD) kg/m2. Chronic gastritis was detected in 88.3% of the patients (n = 636), H. Pylori related gastritis was present in 50.3% of the patients (n = 362), intestinal metaplasia (2.2%, n = 16), gastric atrophy (0.4%, n = 3), and dysplasia (0.1%, n = 1), none had malignancy.

Conclusion:
This is the largest study in the area examining resected gastric specimens post sleeve gastrectomy. Most sleeve gastrectomy patients had chronic gastritis in their resected gastric specimens, and half of it is attributed to H. Pylori microorganism, only one had dysplasia.

Highlights
Adult Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome; a case report with literature review
Authors: Ahmed Harem k. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Mustafa Shevan M. , Kakamad Suhaib H. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Salh Abdulwahid M. , Hussein Dahat A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare obliterative pulmonary disease, usually found in children. The current study aims to report a rare adult case of SJMS.

Case report:
A 21-year-old married female presented with dyspnea mainly on exertion. Physical examination was normal and chest examination showed mild decrease in breathing sounds on the right lower zone. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest showed hyperlucency of the right lung with loss of normal lung vasculature. The patient was managed conservatively with antibiotics, bronchodilator inhaler, and influenza vaccination. The patient was in good health upon follow up.

Discussion:
SJMS is considered as a type of post infective obliterative bronchiolitis, which is mainly found in children. Only a few cases have been diagnosed in adults. The syndrome usually occurs following lung infections early in childhood, possibly due to infective agents, such as adenovirus.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis of SJMS in adulthood is a very rare finding which may be found despite the absence of any history of pulmonary infection during childhood.

Highlights
Auricular pilonidal sinus; a rare case with a brief review of literature
Authors: Salih Abdulwahid M. , Hassan Shko H. , Hassan Marwan N. , Fatah Mariwan L. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Salih Bastoon Kh , Mohammed Shvan H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is an inflammatory disease arising from the sacrococcygeal region. The current study aims to report a case of pilonidal sinus developed in the posterior aspect of the auricle.

Case report:
A 27-year-old male presented with a painless auricular discharge for 2 weeks. it was diagnosed clinically as a case of pilonidal sinus. The opening sinus was anesthetized locally. The wound opened, the sinus excised through a small opening to remove the hair. The wound was injected with a prepared mixture and covered with Kurdish gum.

Discussion:
Although the etiology of pilonidal sinus is unknown, in the literature, many factors have been described as risk factors. Positive family history particularly first-degree relative is an important risk factor with the incidence of 52.4%.

Conclusion:
Although it is rare and atypical, PNS could occur in the auricular region. It could be managed as sacrococcygeal PNS.

Highlights
Asthma in COVID-19: Mitigating or exacerbating? An interesting case report
Authors: Al Amin A. S.M. , Ataullah A. H.M. , Rahman Abdur , Uddin Shalah , Nahar Sabekun , Rahman Moshiur , Sarwar A. S.M. , Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Rahman Sabrina 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Bronchial asthma is an age-old disease whereas COVID-19 is an officially declared pandemic on March 11, 2020 by WHO. Since both are primarily a disease of the respiratory system, researchers across the globe tried to explore the potential relationship between them; to date, there is no convincing data. Here, we tried to present a case to explore potential relationships between these two, if present.

Case presentation:
A 30-year-old male patient with well-controlled cough variant asthma was diagnosed with a case of covid-19 infection 12 months back. All other sign symptoms subsided except dry cough. The patient is treated with an inhaled bronchodilator, oral and inhaled steroid, Tab montelukast as well as other conservative management like hot water vapor, lozenge, honey, etc but symptoms were not controlled for the last 12 months. The patient could not do his job because of this problem. All examination and investigation findings were normal. After long-term use of inhaled steroids, he is now 50–60% improved and gradually improving.

Discussion:
Covid can exacerbate cough in an asthmatic patient. Neuronal activation and neuroinflammatory mechanisms may aggravate this cough after covid. Diagnosis confirmed clinically with the relevant improvement of symptoms. Other important differentials were excluded by appropriate history, examinations, and investigation. Cough is improved by steroids in this case.

Conclusion:
Summary of conclusion: Cough variant asthma may be aggravated with covid 19 infection and meticulous history, treatment, and follow up needed for an asthmatic patient who is infected with covid 19.

Highlights
Who Guards the “Guardians of the System”? The Role of the Secretariat in WTO Dispute Settlement
Authors: Pauwelyn Joost , Pelc Krzysztof 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor all the attention paid to the panelists and Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Secretariat plays an overlooked and increasingly important role in the dispute settlement mechanism (DSM), including in selecting panelists, writing “issue papers” for adjudicators, providing economic expert advice, participating in internal deliberations, and drafting actual rulings. This Article argues that, given these functions, the DSM is better understood to be a sui generis administrative review process than it is a “World Trade Court.”
Wait-and-See or Whack-a-Mole: What Is the Best Way to Regulate Fintech in China?
Authors: Xu Duoqi , John Taylor C. , Ren Yuanda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChinese fintech, initially taking the form as “Internet finance,” is growing rapidly and poses great challenges to its financial regulatory authorities. Acclaimed as a new financial innovation, Internet finance was once accepted and even welcomed by the normally conservative Chinese financial regulators, who simultaneously adopted a wait-and-see strategy, to encourage such innovation and avoid overwhelming regulation. The benevolent regulation stance, however, bred rampant Ponzi schemes or fake financial innovation, resulting in tremendous monetary losses among lots of investors. To show a quick and active response, the central government popped into a whack-a-mole game, starting a four-year campaign of strict Internet finance regulation that has even cracked down on all the P2P lending platforms. This article analyzes the regulatory policy updates of Chinese Internet finance that is transforming to certain kinds of lawful fintech with difficulties, and that adaptive regulatory-organization restructure, regulatory-system optimization, and regulatory-model innovation would be more effective and constructive regulatory options.
A Court as a Means of Legislative Position Avoidance: Evidence from the Same-Sex Marriage Decision in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Yu-Hsien , Hsu Yi-Ching , Wang Chin-Shou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2017, the Taiwanese Constitutional Court handed down Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 748, which was a ruling in favour of same-sex marriage. The Court also ordered the national legislature to amend the law within two years. Despite a significant backslide in the Taiwanese 2018 referendum, the legislature eventually followed the Court’s order and legalized gay marriage in 2019. This victory made Taiwan the first state to legalize same-sex marriage in Asia. Many legal scholars consider the same-sex marriage ruling a progressive decision in which the Court undertook a counter-majoritarian task of protecting a minority group. While we agree with the Court’s role in promoting marriage equality, we contend that most legal scholars overlook an important question in this dynamic: the legislature had had several chances to settle this issue over the past decades, so why did it refuse to draft gay-marriage legislation but later, in 2019, defer to the Court’s decision? In this paper, we explain the political foundations of an activist judiciary by using the case of the first gay-marriage legislation in Asia. We argue that the risk of position-taking on tough issues leads incentive-facing political elites to engage in position avoidance and to see the political value in deferring to a high court’s ruling. Using original data, we present evidence of how Taiwan’s diverse constituency relative to the same-sex marriage issue influenced legislators’ position-avoidance behaviour and led them to dodge political backfire by delegating policy-making authority to the Constitutional Court.
Unilateral Acquisition and the Requirements of Freedom: A Kantian Account of the Judicial Exceptions to Patent Protection
Authors: McMillan Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor obscure reasons, courts exclude some statutorily patentable inventions (‘judicial exceptions’) from patent protection. These exclusions have been criticized for impeding innovation, contrary to the purpose of patent law. I argue that freedom requires these exclusions even if they impede innovation. Patents, like property, can be unilaterally acquired, limiting others’ freedom without their consent. Kant explains why, to reconcile property with equal freedom, only rivalrous objects in acquirers’ first possession can be unilaterally acquired. States can rightfully authorize unilateral acquisition of only these objects. Drawing from Kant, I explain how patent protection conflicts with equal freedom unless patented inventions involve inventive uses of rivalrous objects external to human bodies. Enabled by inventive concepts, these uses would be impossible without these concepts, and are thus in the first possession of their inventors. I then show how the most recent United States Supreme Court judicial exception decisions limit patent protection to inventive uses of rivalrous external objects.
“Rich Fields in Persia”: Parsi Capital and the Origins of Economic Development in Pahlavi Iran, 1925–1941
Authors: Marashi Afshin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the history of economic relations between Iran and the Parsi community of India during the Reza Shah period. Encouraged by the policies of the new Pahlavi state, Parsi entrepreneurs began a serious effort to investigate the possibilities of economic investment in Iran. The article details three Parsi economic missions that were conducted in Iran during this period, and analyzes their assessments of Iran's potential for development in fields such as energy, textile manufacturing, commercial agriculture, and modern transportation systems. As the article argues, while these Parsi-led initiatives were part of a larger history of renewed engagement between Parsis and Iranians, for a variety of political and economic reasons, by the outbreak of World War II few of the Parsi plans for investment in Iran had come to fruition. While remaining largely forestalled in the interwar period, the article also suggests that Parsi economic assessments foreshadowed many of the planning strategies carried out in Iran's post–World War II history of economic development.
14C-AMS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO AN OIL FIELD TRACER EXPERIMENT
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Shi Shulin , Tang Junsen , Qi Mingli , Wei Siyu , Sasa Kimikazu , Liu Mingji , Wang Li , Zhang Guofeng , Qi Linjie , Chen Dingxiong , Gong Shanhua , Song Guofu , Dong Junyan , Wang Ning , Zhou Houbing , He Ming , Zhao Qingzhang , Wei Mingjun , He Yun 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTMany waterflooding oil fields, injecting water into an oil-bearing reservoir for pressure maintenance, are in their middle to late stages of development. To explore the geological conditions and improve oilfield recovery of the most important well group of the Hu 136 block, located on the border areas of three provinces (Henan, Shandong, and Hebei), Zhongyuan Oilfield, Sinopec, central China, a 14C cross-well tracer monitoring technology was developed and applied in monitoring the development status and recognize the heterogeneity of oil reservoirs. The tracer response in the production well was tracked, and the water drive speed, swept volume of the injection fluid were obtained. Finally, the reservoir heterogeneity characteristics, such as the dilution coefficient, porosity, permeability, and average pore-throat radius, were fitted according to the mathematical model of the heterogeneous multi-layer inter-well theory. The 14C-AMS technique developed in this work is expected to be a potential analytical method for evaluating underground reservoir characteristics and providing crucial scientific guidance for the mid to late oil field recovery process.