bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation outcomes of the Structured and Codified SIG format in electronic prescription directions
Authors: Lester Corey A , Flynn Allen J , Marshall Vincent D , Rochowiak Scott , Bagian James P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
To determine the extent of implementation, completeness, and accuracy of Structured and Codified SIG (S&C SIG) directions on electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions).

Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of a random sample of 3.8 million e-prescriptions sent from electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) software to outpatient pharmacies in the United States between 2019 and 2021. Natural language processing was used to identify direction components, including action verb, dose, frequency, route, duration, and indication from free-text directions and were compared to the S&C SIG format. Inductive qualitative analysis of S&C direction identified error types and frequencies for each component.

Results
Implementation of the S&C SIG format in e-prescribing software resulted in 32.4% of e-prescriptions transmitted with these standardized directions. Directions using the S&C SIG format contained a greater percentage of each direction component compared to free-text directions, except for the indication component. Structured and codified directions contained quality issues in 10.3% of cases.

Discussion
Expanding adoption of more diverse direction terminology for the S&C SIG formats can improve the coverage of directions using the S&C SIG format. Building out e-prescribing software interfaces to include more direction components can improve patient medication use and safety. Quality improvement efforts, such as improving the design of e-prescribing software and auditing for discrepancies, are needed to identify and eliminate implementation-related issues with direction information from the S&C SIG format so that e-prescription directions are always accurately represented.

Conclusion
Although directions using the S&C SIG format may result in more complete directions, greater adoption of the format and best practices for preventing its incorrect use are necessary.
Keeping synthetic patients on track: feedback mechanisms to mitigate performance drift in longitudinal health data simulation
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yan Chao , Malin Bradley A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Synthetic data are increasingly relied upon to share electronic health record (EHR) data while maintaining patient privacy. Current simulation methods can generate longitudinal data, but the results are unreliable for several reasons. First, the synthetic data drifts from the real data distribution over time. Second, the typical approach to quality assessment, which is based on the extent to which real records can be distinguished from synthetic records using a critic model, often fails to recognize poor simulation results. In this article, we introduce a longitudinal simulation framework, called LS-EHR, which addresses these issues.

Materials and methods
LS-EHR enhances simulation through conditional fuzzing and regularization, rejection sampling, and prior knowledge embedding. We compare LS-EHR to the state-of-the-art using data from 60 000 EHRs from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and the All of Us Research Program. We assess discrimination between real and synthetic data over time. We evaluate the generation process and critic model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). For the critic, a higher value indicates a more robust model for quality assessment. For the generation process, a lower value indicates better synthetic data quality.

Results
The LS-EHR critic improves discrimination AUROC from 0.655 to 0.909 and 0.692 to 0.918 for VUMC and All of Us data, respectively. By using the new critic, the LS-EHR generation model reduces the AUROC from 0.909 to 0.758 and 0.918 to 0.806.

Conclusion
LS-EHR can substantially improve the usability of simulated longitudinal EHR data.
The Africa Temporal Scalp Flap: A Novel Flap for Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Venter Tertius HJ , Parker Gary R , Rogers Alan D , Clapham Laura E , Mende Konrad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although a number of flaps exist for nasal reconstruction, severe scarring of the forehead after burn injury led to the development of a novel two-stage flap based on the superficial temporal artery. The Africa Temporal Scalp (ATS) flap is composed of an axial ascending part on the superficial temporal artery, and a descending anterior extension for reconstruction of the midface. This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent ATS flap surgery on the MV Africa Mercy. During the 7.5-year period, the ATS flap was applied to 45 facial reconstructions, with a median age of 28 years (range 19 months to 51 years). The main indications were previous burn injury (n = 27, 60%) and noma (n = 15, 33.3%). The majority of the flaps were used to reconstruct the lower third of the nose (n = 39, 86.7%), and the remaining six were for the lips or cheek. Experience allowed for earlier division than 3 weeks depending on the length of the flap, and the recipient site. There was one partial flap loss, one infection requiring revision, and two injuries to frontal branch of the facial nerve. The ATS flap is a novel two-stage flap that has proved especially versatile when forehead flaps are unavailable for nasal reconstruction due to extensive forehead scarring. The ATS flap reliably provides ample supple skin, and the donor site is effectively obscured from view, located in the periphery of the face.
The Origins and Operation of the General Principles of Law as Gap fillers
Authors: Wang Yilin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The gap-filling function is a prominent feature of general principles of law (GPL). However, there are several questions surrounding the prominence and characterization of this function. In light of this, this article revisits the origins of the GPL and their gap-filling function to understand why it gained prominence, and what it means to international law. By tracing the debates of the Advisory Committee of Jurists on the sources of international law, this article identifies that the necessity of gap filling is tied to the prevalent idea of the completeness of the international legal system. The article further explains the origins of the gap-filling requirement and how the GPL satisfy it. By historicizing the gap-filling discourse, the article argues that the GPL have been used to strengthen the completeness of international law.
Using Airborne LiDAR to Monitor Spatial Patterns in South Central Oregon Dry Mixed-Conifer Forest
Authors: Olszewski Julia , Bienz Craig , Markus Amy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA common forest restoration goal is to achieve a spatial distribution of trees consistent with historical forest structure, which can be characterized by the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings (ICO). With the stated goal of restoring historical spatial patterns comes a need for effectiveness monitoring at appropriate spatial scales. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can be used to identify individual tree locations and collect data at landscape scales, offering a method of analyzing tree spatial distributions over the scales at which forest restoration is conducted. In this study, we investigated whether tree locations identified by airborne LiDAR data can be used with existing spatial analysis methods to quantify ICO distributions for use in restoration effectiveness monitoring. Results showed fewer large clumps and large openings, and more small clumps and small openings relative to historical spatial patterns, suggesting that the methods investigated in this study can be used to monitor whether restoration efforts are successful at achieving desired tree spatial patterns.Study Implications: Achieving a desired spatial pattern is often a goal of forest restoration. Monitoring for spatial pattern, however, can be complex and time-consuming in the field. LiDAR technology offers the ability to analyze spatial pattern at landscape scales. Preexisting methods for evaluation of the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings were used in this study along with LiDAR individual tree detection methodology to assess whether a forest restoration project implemented in a Southern Oregon landscape achieved desired spatial patterns.
Turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes in solar convective zone
Authors: Kleeorin N , Rogachevskii I 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTCombined action of helical motions of plasma (the kinetic α effect) and non-uniform (differential) rotation is a key dynamo mechanism of solar and galactic large-scale magnetic fields. Dynamics of magnetic helicity of small-scale fields is a crucial mechanism in a non-linear dynamo saturation where turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes allow to avoid catastrophic quenching of the α effect. The convective zone of the Sun and solar-like stars, as well as galactic discs, are the source for production of turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes. In the framework of the mean-field approach and the spectral τ approximation, we derive turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes using the Coulomb gauge in a density-stratified turbulence. The turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes include non-gradient and gradient contributions. The non-gradient magnetic helicity flux is proportional to a non-linear effective velocity (which vanishes in the absence of the density stratification) multiplied by small-scale magnetic helicity, while the gradient contributions describe turbulent magnetic diffusion of the small-scale magnetic helicity. In addition, the turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes contain source terms proportional to the kinetic α effect or its gradients, and also contributions caused by the large-scale shear (solar differential rotation). We have demonstrated that the turbulent magnetic helicity fluxes due to the kinetic α effect and its radial derivative in combination with the non-linear magnetic diffusion of the small-scale magnetic helicity are dominant in the solar convective zone.
The Hot Neptune WASP-166 b with ESPRESSO – I. Refining the planetary architecture and stellar variability
Authors: Doyle L , Cegla H M , Bryant E , Bayliss D , Lafarga M , Anderson D R , Allart R , Bourrier V , Brogi M , Buchschacher N , Kunovac V , Lendl M , Lovis C , Moyano M , Roguet-Kern N , Seidel J V , Sosnowska D , Wheatley P J , Acton J S , Burleigh M R , Casewell S L , Gill S , Goad M R , Henderson B A , Jenkins J S , Tilbrook R H , West R G 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present high-resolution spectroscopic transit observations from ESPRESSO of the super-Neptune WASP-166 b. In addition to spectroscopic ESPRESSO data, we analyse photometric data from TESS of six WASP-166 b transits along with simultaneous NGTS observations of the ESPRESSO runs. These observations were used to fit for the planetary parameters as well as assessing the level of stellar activity (e.g. spot crossings, flares) present during the ESPRESSO observations. We utilize the reloaded Rossiter McLaughlin (RRM) technique to spatially resolve the stellar surface, characterizing the centre-to-limb convection-induced variations, and to refine the star–planet obliquity. We find WASP-166 b has a projected obliquity of $\lambda = -15.52^{+2.85}_{-2.76}\, ^{\circ }$ and vsin (i) = 4.97 ± 0.09 km s−1 which is consistent with the literature. We were able to characterize centre-to-limb convective variations as a result of granulation on the surface of the star on the order of a few km s−1 for the first time. We modelled the centre-to-limb convective variations using a linear, quadratic, and cubic model with the cubic being preferred. In addition, by modelling the differential rotation and centre-to-limb convective variations simultaneously, we were able to retrieve a potential antisolar differential rotational shear (α ∼ −0.5) and stellar inclination (i* either 42.03$^{+9.13}_{-9.60}\, ^{\circ }$ or 133.64$^{+8.42}_{-7.98}\, ^{\circ }$ if the star is pointing towards or away from us). Finally, we investigate how the shape of the cross-correlation functions change as a function of limb angle and compare our results to magnetohydrodynamic simulations.
Forecasting the cross-correlation of the CSST galaxy survey with the FAST H i Intensity Map
Authors: Deng Furen , Gong Yan , Wang Yougang , Dong Shutong , Cao Ye , Chen Xuelei 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The cross-correlation of optical galaxies with the neutral hydrogen (H i) radiation intensity can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the H i intensity measurement. In this paper, we investigate the cross-correlation of the galaxy samples obtained by the spectroscopic survey of the China Space Station Telescope (CSST) with the H i Intensity mapping (IM) survey of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST). Using the IllusitrisTNG simulation result at redshift 0.2 ∼ 0.3, we generate mock data of the CSST survey and a FAST L-band drift scan survey. The CSST spectroscopic survey can yield a sample of galaxies with a high comoving number density of $10^{-2}\, ({\ \rm Mpc}\,h^{ -1})^{-3}$ at z ∼ 0.3. We cross-correlate the foreground-removed radio intensity with the CSST galaxies, including both the whole sample, and red and blue galaxy subsamples separately. We find that in all cases the H i and optical galaxies are well correlated. The total H i abundance can be measured with a high precision from this correlation. A relative error of $\sim 0.6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for $\Omega _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$ could be achieved at z ∼ 0.3 for an overlapping survey area of $10\,000\, {\ \rm deg}^2$.
Characterization of the eclipsing post-common-envelope binary TIC 60040774
Authors: Priyatikanto R , Knigge C , Scaringi S , Brink J , Buckley D A H 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Binaries with a white dwarf primary and a main sequence secondary can be used to test our understanding of both single and binary star evolution. A small fraction of such systems experienced a common-envelope phase from which they emerged with a relatively short orbital period. Here, we present the characterization of an eclipsing post-common-envelope binary of this kind, TIC 60040774, based on the light curve provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), multiband photometry collated from the virtual observatory, and spectroscopic data obtained the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). With an orbital period of 0.404807 ± 0.000149  d this system consists of a young white dwarf paired with an M6.5 dwarf companion. We estimate the masses of the primary and secondary to be 0.598 ± 0.029 M⊙ and 0.107 ± 0.020 M⊙, while the effective temperatures are 14050 ± 360 K and 2759 ± 50 K, respectively. The eclipse ingress and egress profile is shallower than expected from a simple geometric model such that more precise high-cadence photometry is required to understand the nature of this system. Given the similarity of TIC 60040774 to systems like GK Vir and NN Ser, it will be worth tracking its eclipse times to check for the presence of one or more circumbinary planets.
A universal model for the evolution of tidally stripped systems
Authors: Drakos Nicole E , Taylor James E , Benson Andrew J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Accurate models of the structural evolution of dark matter subhaloes, as they orbit within larger systems, are fundamental to understanding the detailed distribution of dark matter at the present day. Numerical simulations of subhalo evolution support the idea that the mass-loss associated with tidal stripping is most naturally understood in energy space, with the particles that are the least bound being removed first. Starting from this premise, we recently proposed a zero-parameter ‘energy-truncation model’ for subhalo evolution. We tested this model with simulations of tidal stripping of satellites with initial NFW profiles, and showed that the energy-truncation model accurately predicts both the mass-loss and density profiles. In this work, we apply the model to a variety of Hernquist, Einasto, and King profiles. We show that it matches the simulation results quite closely in all cases, indicating that it may serve as a universal model to describe tidally stripped collision-less systems. A key prediction of the energy-truncation model is that the central density of dark matter subhaloes is conserved as they lose mass; this has important implications for dark matter annihilation calculations, and for other observational tests of dark matter.
Construction of a cross-species cell landscape at single-cell level
Authors: Wang Renying , Zhang Peijing , Wang Jingjing , Ma Lifeng , E Weigao , Suo Shengbao , Jiang Mengmeng , Li Jiaqi , Chen Haide , Sun Huiyu , Fei Lijiang , Zhou Ziming , Zhou Yincong , Chen Yao , Zhang Weiqi , Wang Xinru , Mei Yuqing , Sun Zhongyi , Yu Chengxuan , Shao Jikai , Fu Yuting , Xiao Yanyu , Ye Fang , Fang Xing , Wu Hanyu , Guo Qile , Fang Xiunan , Li Xia , Gao Xianzhi , Wang Dan , Xu Peng-Fei , Zeng Rui , Xu Gang , Zhu Lijun , Wang Lie , Qu Jing , Zhang Dan , Ouyang Hongwei , Huang He , Chen Ming , NG Shyh-Chang , Liu Guang-Hui , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Guo Guoji , Han Xiaoping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Individual cells are basic units of life. Despite extensive efforts to characterize the cellular heterogeneity of different organisms, cross-species comparisons of landscape dynamics have not been achieved. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map organism-level cell landscapes at multiple life stages for mice, zebrafish and Drosophila. By integrating the comprehensive dataset of &gt; 2.6 million single cells, we constructed a cross-species cell landscape and identified signatures and common pathways that changed throughout the life span. We identified structural inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as the most common hallmarks of organism aging, and found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial metabolism alleviated aging phenotypes in mice. The cross-species cell landscape with other published datasets were stored in an integrated online portal—Cell Landscape. Our work provides a valuable resource for studying lineage development, maturation and aging.
Role for DNA double strand end-resection activity of RecBCD in control of aberrant chromosomal replication initiation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Goswami Sayantan , Gowrishankar Jayaraman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Replication of the circular bacterial chromosome is initiated from a locus oriC with the aid of an essential protein DnaA. One approach to identify factors acting to prevent aberrant oriC-independent replication initiation in Escherichia coli has been that to obtain mutants which survive loss of DnaA. Here, we show that a ΔrecD mutation, associated with attenuation of RecBCD’s DNA double strand end-resection activity, provokes abnormal replication and rescues ΔdnaA lethality in two situations: (i) in absence of 5′-3′ single-strand DNA exonuclease RecJ, or (ii) when multiple two-ended DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are generated either by I-SceI endonucleolytic cleavages or by radiomimetic agents phleomycin or bleomycin. One-ended DSBs in the ΔrecD mutant did not rescue ΔdnaA lethality. With two-ended DSBs in the ΔrecD strain, ΔdnaA viability was retained even after linearization of the chromosome. Data from genome-wide DNA copy number determinations in ΔdnaA-rescued cells lead us to propose a model that nuclease-mediated DNA resection activity of RecBCD is critical for prevention of a σ-mode of rolling-circle over-replication when convergent replication forks merge and fuse, as may be expected to occur during normal replication at the chromosomal terminus region or during repair of two-ended DSBs following ‘ends-in’ replication.
BSCI-07 ACETYL-AMANTADINE AS A DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Mann Anmol , Safa Nur , Martell Emma , Luo Wenxia , Paul Prasanta , Abbasian Parandoush , Ahmed Rashid , Sitar Daniel , Sharif Tanveer , Lakowski Ted , Miller Donald , Pitz Marshall 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

AIM
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a prognosis as poor as 12-15 months with standard treatment. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1) is a rate limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism and has been reported to be upregulated in various cancers, including GB. Amantadine is a Health Canada approved drug that is acetylated by SAT1. We established a clinical trial in GB patients to determine if plasma and urine acetyl amantadine (Ac-Am) can be used to measure SAT1 activity and whether levels correlate with their tumor burden.

METHODS
A clinical trial was established that is currently active and recruiting patients with GB who receive care at CancerCare Manitoba. A total of n=8 participants have been recruited thus far. Participants’ blood and urine were collected two hours after ingesting amantadine (200 mg). Levels of serum and urine Ac-Am were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Acetyl-amantadine levels were correlated with tumour bidimensional diameter and volume measured on MRI. In addition, expression of SAT1 was examined in various cultured GB cells (both cell lines and patient-derived cells) and correlated with Ac-Am.

RESULTS
Preliminary results indicate that the levels of plasma Ac-Am in study participants positively correlate with their initial tumor burden (r = 0.41). While transient increases in plasma and urine Ac-Am above baseline levels were observed, the clinical significance of these findings is undergoing further analysis. SAT1 was detected in all the GB tumor cells examined. The production of Ac-Am in cultured GB cells varied as a function of SAT1 expression.

SIGNIFICANCE
A diagnostic biomarker, such as Ac-Am, that could effectively and reliably detect tumor progression and recurrence would be an invaluable adjunct to MRI imaging and could significantly impact the timing of appropriate treatment and reduce patients’ morbidity and mortality.