bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic landscape alterations in primary tumor and matched lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Russo Giorgio Ivan , Bonacci Paolo , Bivona Dalida , Privitera Grete , Broggi Giuseppe , Caltabiano Rosario , Vella Jessica , Asmundo Maria Giovanna , Cimino Sebastiano , Morgia Giuseppe , Stefani Stefania , Musso Nicolò 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Up to date, the genetic understanding of patients with favorable or unfavorable prognosis is gaining interest in order to give the appropriate tailored treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate genetic changes associated with lymph node metastasis in a cohort of hormone-naïve Pca patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 470 patients who underwent surgery for PCa between 2010 and 2020 at the Department of Urology, University of Catania. The final cohort consisted of 17 different patients (11 PCa with lymph node metastasis and 6 PCa without lymph node metastasis). Through the cBioPortal online tool, we analyzed gene alterations and their correlations with clinical factors. Results: A total of 688 Intronic, Synonym and Non-Synonym mutations were sequenced. The gene with the most sequenced mutations was ERBB4 (83 mutations, 12% of 688 total) while the ones with the lower percentage of mutations were AKT1, FGFR2 and MLH1 (1 mutation alone, 0.14% of 688 total). We used the cBioPortal online tool to study the alterations of the genes ERBB4, HRAS, KIT, ABL1, CTNNB1 and their correlation with prognosis using a total of 23 studies (9377 samples). When incorporating KIT, HRAS and CTNNB1 alterations in combination score we found that overall survival was statistically worse (p<0.01) and also disease-free survival (p=0.02) compared to unaltered group. Conclusion: In the present study we found mostly concordance between both primary PCa samples and matched lymph node metastasis in terms of genomic alterations, underlining that alterations in primary tumor are extremely important for cancer prognosis prediction. We demonstrated worse overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with combined alteration of KIT, HRAS and CTNNB1. These results can be applied for monitoring disease and drug response after curative treatment.
Mitochondrial mechanisms in ferroptotic death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by erastin and ferric ammonium citrate
Authors: Ganguly Upasana , Chandan Gourav , Singh Sukhpal , Saini Reena V , Bisaglia Marco , Saso Luciano , Chakrabarti Sasanka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ferroptosis has been characterized over the last few years as a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death which is accompanied by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid oxidation products inside the cells along with typical morphological alterations in mitochondria. Ferroptosis is inhibited by specific inhibitors called ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, apart from iron-chelators and several antioxidants, and the process is implicated in multiple pathological conditions. There are, however, certain ambiguities about ferroptosis, especially with regard to the involvement of mitochondria in the final execution of ferroptotic death. This study uses two typical inducers of ferroptosis such as erastin and ferric ammonium citrate on SH-SY5Y cells, and shows clearly that ferroptotic death of cells is accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP content along with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde as well as a depletion of reduced glutathione. All these are prevented by ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1. Additionally, cyclosporine A prevents mitochondrial alterations and cell death induced by erastin or ferric ammonium citrate, implying the crucial role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation in ferroptotic death. Under our experimental conditions, it is also observed that the late-phase production of reactive oxygen species is inhibited by cyclosporine A.
MiR-449a disturbs atherosclerotic plaque stability in streptozotocin and high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice by targeting CEACAM1
Authors: Yu Jie , Yang Jun , Chen Yu , Hu Jie , Zhang Lijiao , Tu Dong , Wang Yan , Zhao Yue , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) acts as an important role in atherosclerosis (AS), but the function of CEACAM1 in diabetes mellitus (DM) associated AS remains unclear. Thus, the purposes of this study are to explore the function and potential mechanism of CEACAM1 in DM-associated AS.
Methods
The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apolipoprotein E-knockdown (ApopE−/−) mice were used to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of miR-449a/CEACAM1 axis in DM-associated AS. Quantity PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to detect mRNA expression, and protein levels, respectively. Oil Red O and Sirius Red staining were used to detect the lipid deposition and collagen content. Cell apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tuber formation were detected by Annexin-V FITC/PI, wound healing, transwell, and tuber formation assays, respectively. The relationship between miR-449a and CEACAM1 was determined by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.
Results
We found miR-449a and MMP-9 upregulated whereas CEACAM1 downregulated in DM-associated AS model. Function experiments indicated that upregulation of CEACAM1 promoted atherosclerotic plaque stability and inhibited inflammation in DM-associated AS model. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-449a targeted CEACAM1. And the rescue experiments revealed that miR-449a interacted with CEACAM1 to regulate atherosclerotic plaque stability and inflammation in DM-associated AS mice. In vitro, the rescue experiments showed miR-449a interacted with CEACAM1 to affect apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tuber formation ability in high glucose (HG)-induced HUVECs.
Conclusion
Our finding suggested that miR-449a promoted plaque instability and inflammation in DM and HFD-induced mice by targeting CEACAM1.
Chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticle as elastase inhibitory peptide carrier: Characterization and its in vitro release study
Authors: Xiong Yu , Cheng Le , Wang Xiao-Yi , Shen Ye-Hua , Li Cong , Ren Di-Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed at the preparation and evaluation of walnut meal derived elastase inhibitory peptide (FFVPF) loaded in chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles (NPs). It was shown that the maximum encapsulation efficiency of FFVPF could reach 94.58 ± 0.23%. TEM microphotographs, polydispersity index and zeta-sizer reports indicated that FFVPF-loaded CS-TPP NPs were in nanometric range and were spherical, discrete and uniform in size with PDI less than 0.3. FTIR analysis indicated that the peptides interacted with CS-TPP NPs through strong hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. And the CS-TPP FFVPF NPs showed better stability with heating treatment, pH treatment, or photochemical treatment. Moreover, the in vitro release profile of peptides was identified. The release rate of encapsulated FFVPF was released explosively to 77.22 ± 2.21% and gradually slowed down. These findings highlighted the prospect of CS-TPP NPs as an oral delivery system, and the application of peptides within food and pharmaceutical products.
Study on the Total Medical Insurance Package Payment under the County Medical Community model in China
Authors: Shao Yingshan , Liu Juming , Yang Yiqin , Lu Heyun , Xu Yihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective:Based on the reform model of County Medical Community (CMC) in L District, China, this study analyzed the expenditure of medical insurance funds outside the CMC, explored the influencing factors of medical insurance funds flow in the reform and make suggestions for the reasonable control of medical insurance funds and deepening the medical community reform.
Methods:The CMC in L District was used as the research object. Hospital grades and disease types were used as entry points, descriptive analysis and paired t test were used to study the out-of-community medical insurance funds expenditure indicators in L District from 2018 to 2020.
Results:Medical treatment in medical institutions outside the CMC: although the number of municipal tertiary hospitals outside the community in L District is small, the amount of medical insurance settlement accounts for a large proportion. After the reform of total medical insurance package payment reform, the number of outpatient visits to medical institutions outside the community, tertiary and unclassified medical institutions all increased (P<0.01); the total per-visit outpatient cost, per-visit outpatient fund expenditure and per-visit outpatient out-of-pocket cost of municipal tertiary hospitals all increased (P<0.01). Types of diseases outside the CMC among the outpatient consultation for diseases in tertiary hospitals in L District outside the community, chronic diseases were stable in order and malignant tumors ranked first among the inpatient diseases. Psychiatric diseases dominated in the outpatient visits to unclassified hospitals in L District.
Conclusion:The flow of medical insurance funds to tertiary hospitals in L District has increased year by year. The proportion of common diseases and multiple diseases outside the CMC and chronic diseases in tertiary hospitals outside the community is large and the loss of medical insurance funds outside the community has not improved significantly. In response to the above results, suggestions can be made for deepening the reform of medical community in L District, but more studies are to be conducted in the future to prove it.
Fungal Diversity in Marmaris Public Beach Sand (Turkey)
Authors: ÖZKAN Vedat Kadir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, which was carried out to determine the fungal diversity in the sand of Marmaris public beach, a total of 30 sand samples were taken, 5 from dry and 5 wet regions, in June, July and August when the public beach is used extensively. Soil dilution method was used to isolate fungi from sand samples. Inoculation was made by transferring 1 ml of 10− 4 dilutions to petri dishes containing Rosebengal Chloramphenicol Agar. As a result of the isolation and identification processes, 22 fungal species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Beauveria, Cladosporium, Drechslera, Fusarium, Humicola, Penicillium, Phoma, Scopulariopsis, Stachybotrys and Trichophyton were obtained. Qualitatively and quantitatively Aspergillus genus was found to be dominant among the fungal genera, and Aspergillus nidulans was found to be dominant among the fungi species. According to the results of the research, it was determined that dry beach sand contains more fungi than wet beach sand. The isolation of fungi that cause various infections and mycotoxicosis in humans, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Phoma, Scopulariopsis, Stachybotrys and Trichophyton, from beach sand shows the necessity of keeping the beaches under control and following general hygiene rules in terms of community and environmental health. In addition, it was concluded that many studies should be conducted to understand the risks on public health of fungi found in beach sands, to ensure public safety and to determine the level of contamination.
The burden on primary caregivers of patients with palliative needs: A multidimensional entity The burden on the primary caregivers
Authors: Pop Rodica Sorina , Tint Diana , Puia Aida , Furcea Luminita Elena , Pop Cristina Paula , Graur Florin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe primary caregiver is a person found in the close vicinity of the patient, who is voluntarily and actively involved in the caregiving process. The aim of this study is to measure the burden of the caregivers of palliative care patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases, over three months of follow-up and to compare the burden of caring for both groups. Method This is a prospective longitudinal study that assesses the burden of caring for patients with palliative needs, comparatively between two groups: the group of primary caregivers of patients with non-cancer diseases (PrC1) and the group of primary caregivers of cancer patients (PrC2). The tool used in the study was the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC).Results The study contained 140 caregivers of which 77 were included in PrC1 group and 63 in the PrC2 group. The comparison of the non-oncological patients (PrC1) caregivers’ burden between the initial time (T0) and the final time (T3) showed a higher value, with statistical significance, in terms of physical exhaustion (p = 0.04) and the desire to escape from the created situation (p = 0.03). In the PrC2 group, the results comparison between T0 and T3 time showed a statistically significant increase in burden for physical exhaustion (p = 0.02), the perception of the caregiver's health care process (p = 0.03), the desire to get rid of responsibilities (p = 0.04), the relationship with the patient or other people (p = 0.03), the period of time for oneself (p = 0.045) and giving-up future plans (p = 0.03). The comparison of the burden between the two evaluated groups shows that at T0 the burden is higher in non-oncological diseases than oncological diseases, with statistical significance. ConclusionsConcerning the patients with palliative needs, it has been shown that the caregiver’s burden increases whilst the illness progresses and that there are statistically significant differences between the initial moment to the last one evaluated, therefore showing an enhancement regarding the needs and demands of the patient.
Impact of albuminuria on the various causes of death in diabetic patients: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Cho Semin , Huh Hyuk , Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Jung Sehyun , Kim Minsang , Lee Kyu-na , Paek Jin Hyuk , Park Woo Yeong , Jin Kyubok , Han Seungyeup , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Han Kyungdo , Kim Yaerim , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for mortality, and the risk is exacerbated by coexisting diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We aimed to explore the impact of DM on each cause of mortality according to kidney function and the presence of albuminuria.Study design and setting: Data on subjects with DM were extracted from the Nationwide Health Insurance Database of South Korea between 2009 and 2012. Subjects were divided by eGFR and albuminuria into five groups. To evaluate the risk of diabetes, we used the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: A total of 2,614,662 patients were enrolled in this study. Most causes of death showed a higher incidence in an advanced stage of DKD. In addition to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death, the risk of death from neoplasms and diseases of the endocrine, respiratory, and digestive systems is increased by albuminuria. The synergistic effect of a reduced eGFR and the presence of albuminuria was prominent in death from circulatory diseases, and endocrine and metabolic diseases.Conclusions: The risk for mortality was different according to the stage of DKD. Even in patients with a favorable eGFR, the presence of albuminuria significantly increased the risk for mortality, especially that due to cardiovascular causes.
Electrocatalyzed Direct Arene Alkenylations without Directing Groups: Selective Late-Stage Drug Diversification
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Lin Zhipeng , Dhawa Uttam , Yuan Binbin , Liou Yan-Cheng , Johansson Magnus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrocatalysis has emerged as an increasingly viable platform for molecular syntheses, that can replace chemical redox agents and enable unprecedented reaction pathways. Despite major progress in electrooxidative C−H activations, these arene transformations generally require directing groups for chelation-induced efficiency and control of position-selectivity in the C−H activation. The installation and removal of these directing groups calls for additional synthesis operations, which jeopardizes the inherent efficacy of the C−H activation approach in terms of undesired waste formation and low resource economy. In sharp contrast, we herein present molecular electrocatalyzed C−H olefinations of simple arenes devoid of exogenous directing groups. The robust palladaelectro-catalysis proved amenable to a wide range of both electronically-diverse arenes under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. The strategy avoids sacrificial chemical oxidants, but operates by the reductive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study points to a remarkable strategy comprising two electrochemical transformations to guarantee unprecedented levels of position-selectivities in direct arene olefinations. Cyclic voltammetry studies and computational analysis identified a direct correlation between the redox potential and catalysis efficacy. The palladaelectro-catalysis strategy avoids protecting and directing group interconversions, the practical importance of which is reflected by direct late-stage functionalizations of structurally complex compounds of relevance to drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries.
Development of “The Colombo Intake Interview to identify skilled meditators for scientific research (CIISMR)”
Authors: Outschoorn N.O. , Somarathne E.A.S.K. , Dasanayaka H.M.N.N. , Karunarathne L.J.U , Vithanage K.K. , Dalpatadu K.P.C. , Gunathunga M.W. , Herath H.M.J.C. , Jayasinghe S. , Dissanayake W.D.N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Buddhist-derived meditation is a well-known phenomenological practice that enhances overall well-being of individuals. However, broad and less-rigorous criteria in recruiting suitable meditation practitioners affect the reliability of results obtained through meditation research. Therefore, we aimed at developing an instrument to identify and recruit skilled meditators to be used in work conducted to understand the physiological, psychological, social, and environmental effects of meditation.Methods: Extensive literature reviews, interviews and focus groups with experts in the field of meditation were utilized in developing the instrument. Judgmental validation of the generated items was ensured through establishing their face, content and consensual validity. Internal consistency reliability and factor structure of the scale was explored to analyze its psychometric properties. Cut-off marks were determined in order to develop a scoring system for the instrument.Results: Twenty five items were categorized under five sections (A, B, C1, C2, D) that addressed six factors: duration of the meditation practice, details of the meditation practice, peripheral awareness, stable attention, alertness, and emotional stability. Three further qualitative items were added under section E. An exploratory factor analysis process resulted in a two-factor structure between the Likert scale items as theoretically expected. Scores to identify ‘skilled meditators’ were determined as: Section C1>7 (fall-back score; 7-9, ideal score; 10-12), Section C2>14 (fall-back score; 14-16, ideal score; 17-20) and Section D>25 (fall-back score; 25-29, ideal score; 30-35).Conclusion: An instrument named, “The Colombo Intake Interview to identify skilled meditators for scientific research (CIISMR)”, consisting of 28 items exploring six factors that identify a “skilled meditator” was developed and validated to the Sri Lankan context. The importance of using a combination of these six factors is discussed.
Effect of heat shield locations on rework- induced thermal management in ball grid array solder joint
Authors: Ismail Adlil Aizat , Bakar Maria Abu , Ehsan Abang Annuar , Jalar Azman , Burke John , Zolkefli Zol Effendi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of heat shield placement locations during the rework process to avoid thermal and mechanical damage to adjacent ball grid array components and their solder joints on double sided printed circuit board assembly. Three types of heat shield placement locations were used: sample X, individual heat shield placement on adjacent components of the rework location; sample Y, a U-shaped, and sample Z, a square-shaped heat shield placed respectively at the heat source location. The dye and pull test results, infrared thermography, and temperature measurements were analysed to understand the relationship between the location of the heat shield and solder joint damage during rework. Heat shield placement at the heat source location on reworked component can reduce the peak temperatures on the adjacent rework component locations by up to 8.18%. The peak temperatures of the centre and corner of the BGA component can be maintained below 195°C and 210°C, respectively to improve the adjacent rework component locations‘ solder joint quality by reducing solder joint damage more than 50% solder cracks. This is useful for thermal management during rework involving high-density ball grid array component placements on double sided printed circuit board assembly.
Screening and identification of key biomarker in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from microarray analysis
Authors: Huang Wentao , Kang Kai , Jiang Shigang , Wang Han , Li Tong , Gao Shijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two diseases that can cause joint dysfunction and disability. Synovitis plays a role in the progression of both diseases, however, the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the synovial inflammation is poorly known.Method: Data of Gene expression in synovial tissue of OA and RA were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After integrating and analysising gene expression datasets, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in inflammatory synovial tissue of OA and RA. Functional annotation, protein‐protein interaction network(PPI) construction were constructed and we screened out the hub genes. The miRNA, which might regulate hub genes were screened out. Then, we performed functional annotation of miRNA to further explore the molecular mechanisms of two diseases. Finally, the relationship between gene products and inflammatory synovial membrane were analyzed.Results: We identified 336 and 531 DEGs in OA and RA. Functional analysis indicated that DEGs were related to Neuroactive ligand-receptor and Epstein-Barr virus infection. 12 OA-special and 13 RA-special genes were identified as hub genes through the analysis of PPI network. Conclusion: In this study, the DEGs of knee synovial membrane of OA and RA were analyzed, which assist us in systematic understanding the pathogeny underlying occurrence and development of the two diseases. The CHRM5, GFAP, CCNA2, BUB1B and PTTG1 might be used as potential targets to treat or delay the progression of the two diseases.