bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Integrating Ab-Initio Simulations and Experimental Characterization Methods: Towards Accelerated Chalcopyrite Materials Development for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ogitsu Tadashi , Varley Joel , DeAngelis Alexander D , Horsley Kimberly , Gaillard Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

Recent development of ab-initio simulation and experimental characterization techniques enabled us to obtain information that is crucial for accelerated materials development for sustainable energy solutions. In this presentation, we will particularly focus on some of the most complex problems currently facing hydrogen production technology and how these ab-initio simulations can be used to gain insights about them. Taking what we know from ab-initio simulations we can then validate multiple and independent experimental results to provide a theoretically grounded interpretation. This cross-validation between theory and experiment is one of the capabilities that the new HydroGEN consortium (h2awsm.org), established under DOE EERE, provides to scientific community. As the use examples, we will discuss about an effective use of ab-initio simulations for development of high performance materials for a photoelectrochemical hydrogen production device. We emphasize an importance on the comprehensive use of ab-initio simulations on multiple aspects of materials developments, such as usable synthesis conditions, detrimental defect formation for a given synthesis condition, and the consequential saturation of open circuit voltage. We emphasize that systematic comparisons between the multiple aspects of theory and experiment are important for rapid materials development procedure via effective identification of the roadblocks.
This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE).
(Invited) Efficient Hot Electron Transfer By Plasmon Induced Interfacial Charge Transfer Transitio
Authors: Lian Tianquan 
Published: February 2022

Surface plasmon resonance in metal nanostructures has been widely used to enhance the efficiency of semiconductors and/or molecular chromophore based solar energy conversion devices by increasing absorption or energy transfer rates through the enhanced local field strength. In more recent years, it has been shown that excitation of plasmons in metal nanostructures can also lead to the injection of hot electrons into semiconductors and enhanced photochemistry. This novel mechanism suggests that plasmonic nanostructures can potentially function as a new class of widely tunable and robust light harvesting materials for solar energy conversion. More importantly, it provide a novel approach to access highly energetic and reactive states of metals that is difficult to utilize with thermal chemistry. However, plasmon-induced hot electron injections from metal to semiconductor or molecules are still inefficient because of the competing ultrafast hot electron relaxation processes within the metallic domain.
In this talk, I will discuss a recent study on the key factors that limit the efficiency of plasmon induced hot electron transfer in colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor-gold nanorod heterostructures. These heterostructures provide a well-defined and systematically tunable model system for studying the mechanism of hot electron transfer. In CdSe NRs with Au tips, the distinct plasmon band of the Au nanoparticles was completely damped due to strong interaction with the CdSe domain. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we show that optical excitation of plasmons in the Au tip leads to efficient hot electron injection into the semiconductor nanorod. In the presence of sacrificial electron donors, this plasmon induced hot electron transfer process can be utilized to drive photoreduction reactions under continuous illumination. We propose that the strong metal/semiconductor coupling in CdSe/Au hetersostructures leads to a new pathway for this surprising efficient hot electron transfer. In this plasmon induced interfacial charge transfer transition (PICTT) the a plasmon decay by direct excitation of an electron from the metal to semiconductor, bypassing the competition with hot electron transfer in metal. Ongoing studies are examining the generality of this mechanism and exploring possible approaches for improving its efficiency through controlling the size and shape of the plasmonic and excitonic domains.

Reference

[1]. Kaifeng Wu, Jinquan Chen, James R. McBride, Tianquan Lian, “Efficient hot-electron transfer by a plasmon-induced interfacial charge-transfer transition”, Science (2015), 349 (6248): 632. DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5443
[2]. Kaifeng Wu, William E. Rodríguez-Córdoba, Ye Yang, and Tianquan Lian, “Plasmon-Induced Hot Electron Transfer from the Au Tip to CdS Rod in CdS-Au Nanoheterostructures”, Nano Lett. (2013), 13(11), 5255-5263. DOI: 10.1021/nl402730m
Disaster Making in the Capitalocene
Authors: O’Lear Shannon , Masse Francis , Dickinson Hannah , Duffy Rosaleen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We live in a new normal of increasing, crosscutting, and shifting patterns of disasters fueled by large-scale environmental change, from floods to wildfires to pandemics. Our intervention in this forum piece makes the case that disasters, and responses to disasters, must be understood within the context of the global political-economic system of capitalism. We situate disasters, their making, and their politics within the Capitalocene and argue that disasters and the physical processes that underpin them are not natural: they are unevenly produced through, and exacerbated by, processes inherent in the capitalist system, with uneven consequences. We suggest that the predominantly technomanagerial approaches to disasters pursued within the neoliberal state and multilateral governance institution system reveal the tensions in addressing the causes of environmental change and the new normal of disasters under capitalism. We argue that through an engagement with the Capitalocene, environmental politics could further contribute to nuanced, critical understandings of disasters and their making in ways that foreground their in/justice implications.
Gentrification and Pioneer Businesses
Authors: Behrens Kristian , Boualam Brahim , Martin Julien , Mayneris Florian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Little is known about where hotspots of gentrification emerge within a city and the role that some types of businesses play in the process. We develop a method to detect the sectors whose presence heralds the process of gentrification in a neighborhood. We show that these sectors, mostly found in cultural and creative industries, help to anticipate neighborhood change and that their predictive power complements that of traditional gentrification determinants. We also examine mechanisms related to amenities, worker characteristics, and signaling that are consistent with these results. The analysis illustrates the importance of businesses in the sociodemographic dynamics of neighborhoods.
How to Attract Physicians to Underserved Areas? Policy Recommendations from a Structural Model
Authors: Costa Francisco , Nunes Letícia , Sanches Fabio Miessi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper exploits location choices of all generalist physicians who graduated in Brazil between 2001 and 2013 to study policies aimed at increasing the supply of physicians in underserved areas. We set up and estimate a supply and demand model for physicians. We estimate physicians' locational preferences using a random coefficients discrete choice model. The demand has private establishments competing for physicians with private and public facilities around the country. Policy counterfactuals indicate that quotas in medical schools for students born in underserved areas and the opening of vacancies in medical schools in deprived areas are more cost-effective than financial incentives.
History Dependence in Drug Demand: Identification and Implications for Entry Incentives
Authors: Feng Josh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I use temporal discontinuities in choice sets to identify history dependence in drug demand, finding large and long-term effects. Quasi-randomly assigning a patient to a drug today increases the probability she is taking the same drug four years later by 54 percentage points. History dependence is stronger in patients taking multiple medications and weaker in drugs that are significantly more effective than substitutes. It is also weaker in generics and line extensions, driven by switching from the reference branded drug. I use a pair-specific switching-cost model to capture these patterns and provide suggestive evidence that they affect manufacturers’ entry timing incentives.
Financial Constraints and Propagation of Shocks in Production Networks
Authors: Demir Banu , Javorcik Beata , Michalski Tomasz K. , Ors Evren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We examine the propagation of a small unexpected supply shock through a production network and the role financial constraints play in its transmission. Using data on almost all Turkish supplier-customer links, we exploit the heterogeneous impact of an unexpected import-tax increase for identification. We find that this relatively minor shock had a nontrivial economic impact on exposed firms and propagated downstream through affected suppliers. Importantly, we show that low-liquidity firms amplified its transmission.
The Effect of Information on Market Activity: Evidence from Vehicle Recalls
Authors: Bijgaart Inge van den , Cerruti Davide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We evaluate the effect of vehicle recalls on vehicle transactions in the second-hand market. Using a rich data set of Dutch vehicle registrations, we exploit the quasiexperimental variation in recalls across nearly identical cars. We find strong heterogeneities across market segments: transactions increased for cars with lower listed price or with defects, and decreased for those with higher price or no defects. Based on our theoretical model, this suggests that recalls increase sorting in low-end markets, yet exacerbate adverse selection in high-end markets. Our results shed light on the effect of information arrival in markets subject to uncertainty and information asymmetries.
School Closures during the 1918 Flu Pandemic
Authors: Ager Philipp , Eriksson Katherine , Karger Ezra , Nencka Peter , Thomasson Melissa A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic, many local authorities made the controversial decision to close schools. We use newly digitized data from newspaper archives on the length of school closures for 165 large U.S. cities during the 1918–1919 flu pandemic to assess the long-run consequences of closing schools on children. We find that the closures had no detectable impact on children's school attendance in 1920, nor on their educational attainment and adult labor market outcomes in 1940. We highlight important differences between the 1918–1919 and COVID-19 pandemics and caution against extrapolating from our null effects to modern-day settings.
Clear-Sky Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Associated with Aerosol Vertical Distribution Based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Jing , Jiang Zhongjing , Dong Yueming , Ying Tong , Zhang Zhenyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe direct perturbation of anthropogenic aerosols on Earth’s energy balance [i.e., direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF)] remains uncertain in climate models. In this study, we investigate the uncertainty of DARF associated with aerosol vertical distribution, using simulation results from 14 global models within phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The column mass loading for each aerosol species is first normalized to the multimodel average for each model, which is called the mass-normalization process. The unified radiative transfer model and aerosol optical parameter are used, so that the differences in the calculated DARF are solely attributed to the difference in aerosol vertical profiles. The global mean DARF values in 2014 with respect to 1850 before and after mass normalization are −0.77 ± 0.52 and −0.81 ± 0.12 W m−2respectively, assuming external mixing, which indicates that the intermodel difference in aerosol vertical distribution accounts for ∼20% of the total DARF uncertainty. We further conduct two separate experiments by normalizing aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) profiles, respectively, and find that the vertical distribution of SSA results in larger DARF uncertainty (0.17 W m−2) than that of AOD (0.10 W m−2). Finally, compared withCALIPSOobservation, CMIP6 models tend to produce higher aerosol layers. The bias in modeled aerosol profile with respect toCALIPSOleads to stronger DARF, especially for land regions.
Trends and characteristics of hospitalisations from the harmful use of opioids in England between 2008 and 2018: Population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Friebel Rocco , Maynou Laia 
Published: February 2022

Summary Objective To examine the trends and characteristics of opioid-related hospital admissions in England over 10 years, and its burden for the National Health Service and public finances. Design Patient-level data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database to examine all opioid-related hospitalisations from 2008 to 2018, stratified by type of opioid admission and patient demographics. Setting All National Health Service hospitals in England. Participants Patients hospitalised from the harmful use of opioids. Main outcome measures The number of opioid-related hospitalisations, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission rate and treatment costs. Results Opioid-related hospitalisations increased by 48.9%, from 10,805 admissions in 2008 to 16,091 admissions in 2018, with total treatment costs of £137 million. The growth in opioid-related hospitalisations was 21% above the corresponding rate for all other emergency admissions in England. Relative changes showed that hospitalisations increased most for individuals older than 55 years (160%), those living in the most affluent areas of England (93.8%), and suffering from four co-morbidities (627.6%) or more. Hospitals reduced mean patient length of stay from 2.8 days to 1.1 days over 10 years. Mean in-hospital mortality was 0.4% and mean 30-day readmission risk was 16.6%. Conclusion Opioid use is an increasing public health concern in England, though hospitalisation and mortality rates are less pronounced than in other countries. There are concerns about significant rises in hospitalisations from older, less deprived and sicker population groups. Our findings should prompt policymakers to go beyond monitoring mortality statistics when assessing the impacts of harmful use of opioids.
Revised recommendations on standards and norms for palliative care in Europe from the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC): A Delphi study
Authors: Payne Sheila , Harding Andrew , Williams Tom , Ling Julie , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Background: In 2009, the EAPC published recommendations on standards and norms for palliative care in Europe, and a decade later, wished to update them to reflect contemporary practice. Aim: To elicit consensus on standards and norms for palliative care in Europe, taking account of developments since 2009. Design: A Delphi technique used three sequential online survey rounds, and a final expert consultation (EAPC Board). The original 2009 questionnaire with 134 statements was updated with 13 new concepts and practices following a scoping of the literature between 2009 and 2020 (total: 147 statements). Setting/participants: One contact of Boards of 52 national European organisations affiliated to the EAPC were invited to participate, with subsequent rounds sent to respondees. The EAPC Board ( n = 13) approved final recommendations. Results: In Round 1: 30 organisations (14 organisations × two people, 16 organisations × one person, total n = 44) in 27 countries responded (response rate 58% organisations, 82% countries), Round 2 ( n = 40), Round 3 ( n = 38). 119 statements reached consensus in Round 1, 9 in Round 2, 7 in Round 3. In total 135/145 statements in five domains (terminology, philosophy, levels, delivery, services) reached consensus (defined as >75% agreement), (122) were original EAPC recommendations with 13 new recommendations included emerging specialisms: neonatal, geriatric and dementia care, and better care practices. Seven statements failed to reach consensus and four were removed as irrelevant or repetition. Conclusions: Most recommendations on standards and norms for palliative care in Europe remain unchanged since 2009. Evolving concepts in palliative care can be used to support advocacy.
Monthly triple-dose gadolinium administration: potential associations with leukopenia, hypophosphatemia, and bone marrow T1 hyperintensity
Authors: Chen Daniel , Wolansky Ivan , Imitola Jaime , Malchoff Carl , Wu Rong , Dhib-Jalbut Suhayl , Bulsara Ketan , Wolansky Leo 
Published: February 2022

Objective Monthly scanning with triple-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine has been shown to be associated with progressive increases in bone T1 hyperintensity, hypophosphatemia, and leukopenia. This study was performed to retrospectively investigate the potential associations among these phenomena. Methods This retrospective analysis involved patients who had received monthly triple-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for up to 2 years as part of treatment for multiple sclerosis. Monthly magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain (n = 67) were segmented to evaluate the signal intensity in the cranial marrow. Potential associations among the marrow T1 hyperintensity, serum phosphate concentration, and white blood cell count were examined. Results Patients in the no leukopenia group showed a statistically significant mean monthly increase in the bone marrow signal-to-noise ratio of 0.0430/month. Patients in the leukopenia group showed a mean monthly increase in the bone marrow signal-to-noise ratio of 0.0398/month, but this was not statistically significant. Patients in the hypophosphatemia group were significantly less likely to develop leukopenia than patients who had never developed hypophosphatemia. Conclusions Although monthly administration of triple-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine over 13 months has been associated with progressive increases in leukopenia, hypophosphatemia, and T1 signal intensity of bone, this study showed an inverse relationship between leukopenia and hypophosphatemia.
Herpesviral encephalitis associated with bortezomib use in a patient with multiple myeloma and associated light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: Garrido David , Riva Eloísa 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Bortezomib is proteasome inhibitor used in multiple myeloma treatment. The reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) during bortezomib-based therapy is a well-known adverse event. Antiviral prophylaxis is mandatory. Nevertheless, reports of herpesviral encephalitis are scarce. Case report A 57-year-old multiple myeloma patient who during CyBorD protocol (Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone), after a transient suspension of antiviral prophylaxis presented progressive headaches unresponsive to conventional analgesics, asthenia, fever, episodic visual hallucinations, and vesicular lesions in the right supraorbital and frontal region. Herpetic encephalitis was diagnosed after detecting herpes zoster in cerebrospinal fluid. Management & Outcome The patient was treated with acyclovir 500mg every 6 hours for 21 days, and subsequent valacyclovir prophylaxis achieving an excellent clinical evolution. Anti-myeloma treatment was changed to lenalidomide and dexamethasone achieving a durable complete response. Herpesviral encephalitis is a rare but severe complication associated with the use of Bortezomib, especially when patients did not receive acyclovir prophylaxis. However, a rapid detection based on the clinical suspicion, and the prompt start of treatment, may lead to overcome this adverse event.
COVID-19 with Rapid Progression to Hypoxemia Likely due to Imbalance between Ventilation and Blood Flow: A Case Report
Authors: Koriyama Nobuyuki , Moriuchi Akihiro , Higashi Kensaku , Kataoka Tetsuro , Arimizu Takuro , Takaguchi Go , Matsuoka Hideki , Otsuka Maki 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND In COVID-19 pneumonia, cases of severe hypoxemia in the early stage and cases of sudden deterioration in respiratory status due to silent hypoxia leading to death, have been reported. CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old Japanese man with essential hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and emphysema was hospitalized with the novel coronavirus disease. He had hypoxemia that was disproportionate to the severity of pneumonia indicated by computed tomography (CT), along with coagulation abnormalities. We speculated that there was a high possibility that he had developed ventilation and blood flow imbalance due to pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC) or hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). In this case, early, short-term combination therapy with remdesivir, nafamostat mesylate and low-dose dexamethasone (Dex) was successful. CONCLUSION In COVID-19 patients with multiple comorbidities who have hypoxemia and coagulation abnormalities that are disproportionate to the severity of pneumonia on CT, it is important to commence antiviral and anticoagulant therapy as soon as possible, followed by use of a low dose of Dex.
‘XX’–Sacroplasty: A Novel Technique for Management of “H-Type” Sacral Insufficiency Fractures
Authors: Lotan Raphael , Hershkovich Oded , Bronstein Yigal , Finkelstein Joel 
Published: February 2022

Objective Examine the feasibility, safety, and results of a novel sacral percutaneous injection technique (“XX”) addressing both the vertical and horizontal aspects of sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF). Methods Prospective cohort study. Eight consecutive SIF patients with immobility and pain investigated using CT and nuclear imaging confirmed “H"-type fracture. Demographics, pain level, and ambulation status were recorded. The long-term quality of life was evaluated using the ODI questionnaire and pain VAS scores. Sacroplasty procedures in prone positioning using fluoroscopy were used to insert 2 bone trochars through the S1 pedicles and 2 trochars through the sacral ale aiming toward the SIJ, thus forming 2 “X” trochar formations. Balloon kyphoplasty was done through the trocars, and PMM was injected. Postoperative ambulation and VAS were recorded. Results Average age was 81.5 years (±3.4 years). The time from presenting symptoms to hospital admission was 2 days to 4 months. All patients were significantly limited with ambulation. None had a neurologic compromise. Sacroplasty was performed with 2 cases that required additional lumbar kyphoplasty. The mean operative time was 54 min (±14). The average exposure was 19 mGy (±12 mGy). Two patients had cement leaks. CT and X-rays revealed good cement filling of the fractures sacral alae and body of S1. The average postoperative hospitalization was 10 days. All patients reported postoperatively pain relief immediately and were able to walk better. Follow-up time was 17 ± 12 months. Follow-up VAS was 2.7 (±2) and ODI was 57.3% (±21%). Conclusion “XX” technique showed good outcomes for patients with higher complexity SIF, using the same principles as for lumbar VPL/KPL, and was found to be safe and effective.