bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Serum Cholinesterase in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reddy Parvathareddy Krishna Mala Konda , Balla Raghava Naga Venkata , Nagula Praveen , Ravi Srinivas , Maale Saitej Reddy , Rayapu Monica Rachana 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Autonomic dysfunction has a prognostic significance in various cardiovascular (CV) disorders, particularly atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies are few, regarding the association of parasympathetic dysfunction with increased complications in patients with the acute coronary syndrome, a subset of CAD. We aimed to study the correlation of trends in the serum cholinesterase (sChE) levels, the marker of parasympathetic activity, with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methodology:
We prospectively observed the levels of sChE in patients with STEMI on the day of admission, day 3, and day 5 along with routine biochemical profile, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. The patients were monitored during the hospital stay and were followed up at 1 month for the occurrence of any MACE. The MACE monitored was cardiac death, complete heart block, arrhythmias, and heart failure. The sChE levels are laboratory dependent and a value between 4000 and 14000 IU/L was considered normal in our laboratory. A value <4000 IU/L is noted as a low sChE level. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for the cut off value of the sChE levels to predict the outcomes of patients.

Results:
Of the 100 STEMI patients studied, the sChE levels were persistently lower in patients who had MACE compared to those without MACE during the hospital stay and at month follow-up, which was statistically significant. A sChE <3745 IU/l on day 5 predicted an increased MACE with a sensitivity of 93.55% and specificity of 92.11%.

Conclusion:
A persistently low sChE levels from the day of admission can predict MACE in STEMI patients. Larger studies with prolonged follow-up are required for the causal association in the future.
The impact of adherence to the American College of Critical Care Medicine 2017 guidelines in the management of septic shock in pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Kochar Gunjan , Tripathi Praveen Kumar , Rai Preeti Lata , Prasad Prem Lochan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Despite tremendous advances and new guidelines for the management of pediatric septic shock, the mortality and morbidity associated with it remain unacceptably high. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of adherence to the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) guidelines in the management of septic shock in pediatric intensive care units (PICU).

Subjects and Methods:
This was a hospital-based prospective observational study conducted in the 15-bedded PICU of a tertiary care hospital in Utter Pradesh, India. Children from 1 month to 18 years of age admitted to the PICU with septic shock were included in the study as per definitions given by ACCM guidelines. The children who were managed strictly adhering to ACCM guidelines were labeled as the adherent group and those who were managed with any deviation from these guidelines were considered as the nonadherent group. The two groups were compared with respect to outcome.

Results:
In this study, the prevalence of septic shock was 54.4% in PICU. Out of 124 cases of septic shock, 93 were from the adherent group and 31 were from the nonadherent group. Recovery was significantly higher (p-0.012) in children among the adherent group (56 [60.21%] vs. 11 [35.48%]) than in the nonadherent group. The hemodynamic stability achieved within 48 h among the adherent group was higher in comparison to the nonadherent group (39 [56%] vs. 6 [8.5%]) making this a significant (P = 0.007) observation.

Conclusions:
Strict adherence to the ACCM guidelines was associated with favorable outcomes in the management of septic shock in children.
Correlation of Serum Phosphate with Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rahman Farhana , Sultana Jakia , Hossain Mir Shahadat , Mamun Abdullah-Al , Jesmin Tahmina , Rahman Md Habibur , Roy Ranjit Ranjon , Uddin Golam Muin , Begum Afroza 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hyperphosphatemia is a complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increased serum phosphate concentration is a significant risk factor for vascular calcification, which is an advanced form of atherosclerosis. Medial deposition of calcium and phosphorus and the resulting increase in vascular stiffness further contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension. Carotid ultrasound imaging is a useful adjunct for assessment of arterial wall thickness in patients with CKD.

Objective:
To assess the correlation of serum phosphate with carotid intimal-medial thickness in children with CKD.

Materials and Methods:
This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2018 to December 2019. All the CKD patients with stage III-V aged 2–18 years of both sexes attending the Out-patient and Inpatient Department, BSMMU were enrolled in this study. Patients were diagnosed by history, clinical examination and relevant investigations. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using Revised Schwartz formula. All participants underwent measurement of carotid intimal- medial thickness(CIMT) by using B mode ultrasonography (Philips, Affiniti 30; USA) with 7.5MHz transducer.

Results:
Total 43 patients were studied (26 male, 17 female). Mean phosphorous level significantly increased with the advancement of disease. As the stage of CKD increases the mean CIMT also increases. There were moderate positive correlation between serum inorganic phosphate and CIMT in stage III CKD (r = 0.500) and stage V(ND) CKD (r = 0.511) and strong positive correlation in stage IV CKD (r = 0.719) and negligible negative correlation in stage V(D) CKD (r = - 0.057). In multiple regression analysis, serum phosphate was significant(β= 0.673, p= <0.0001) and independent risk factor for increased CIMT in addition to other independent risk factors, including serum calcium and serum PTH.

Conclusion:
Higher serum phosphate level was one of the significant and independent factor associated with increased CIMT in children with advanced stages of CKD.
Efficacy and Short Term Outcome of Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Therapy in Children with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Islam Mohammad Imnul , Ali Asif , Ahmed Mousumi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Renal involvement is one of the most common and severe manifestations of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) therapy is effective for lupus nephritis patients observed in different studies.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and short term outcome of intravenous CYC therapy in renal involvement among paediatric SLE cases.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at the department of Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021. Sixty-two pSLE patients with renal involvement who met ACR revised classification criteria and completed their follow-up were enrolled in the study. All patients received intravenous CYC monthly for six months along with initially intravenous pulse methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. During the study period, patients were monitored clinically and laboratory evaluations were done at baseline, 3rd and after 6th months of follow-up.

Results:
Among the cases, the female:male ratio was 5.9:1 and mean age was found 12.42 ± 2.13 years. After 3 months of CYC therapy, most patients were clinically improved in haematuria, hypertension, oedema, SLEDAI score and biochemically by ESR, C3, C4, S, Creatinine, Anti-ds-DNA titers, 24-hour urine protein. These initial improvements were further enhanced after 6 months of therapy. Short term outcomes demonstrated that 50%, 38.7% and 11.3% of patients had complete, partial and no responses respectively at the last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Intravenous CYC therapy effectively treated lupus nephritis patients observed in this study. Around 88% of pSLE patients had complete and partial responses according to EULAR criteria. Hypertension, ant-ds-DNA titers, proteinuria and serum complements were identified as a predictor of remission.
Demographic and Clinical Factors Affecting Pediatric Survival in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Tshimbombu Tshibambe Nathanael , Fefe Mapendo N. , Shin Minkyung , Kanter John H. , Crockett Sarah C. , Richard Bahizire R. , Muyembe Tamfum Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT.
Promoting children’s health is challenging in underresourced regions, with worse outcomes in areas of sociopolitical instabilities. This encapsulates the difficulties faced by the Panzi General Referral Hospital (PGRH) in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study of 456 children ≤ 18 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department of PGRH between December 2018 and May 2019, we present demographic and clinical predictors that affect pediatric survival. We note that referrals from external clinics (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.75), poor maternal education (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.67), diagnoses of meningitis (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.75) or malnutrition (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.67) are risk factors hindering pediatric survival. Paternal unemployment or longer durations of hospital stay, on the other hand, are protective toward survival. These predictors confirm the importance of accessibility and availability of medical resources and knowledge as levers to establish an effective, robust network of pediatric care delivery capable of withstanding South Kivu’s unresolved political tumult.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO E CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO, 1991-2020 / BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1991-2020
Authors: Silva Fabio Freitas da , Matias Ítalo , Hasenclever Lia , Shimoda Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um mapeamento bibliométrico sobre o tema crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento humano, com ênfase nos trabalhos que estudaram a interdependência desses dois elementos. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa na base Scopus usando as palavras-chave: "Human development index", "Economic Growth", "Health" e "Education". A pesquisa restringiu-se aos periódicos científicos. Os termos foram pesquisados no título, no resumo e nas palavras-chave dos artigos. Os principais resultados mostram que ainda existem poucos trabalhos que estudam a influência causal circular entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento humano e que o tema pesquisado está inserido em diferentes contextos, separados em duas vertentes: uma relacionada aos aspectos do desenvolvimento humano, permeando as questões econômicas; a outra, a uma abordagem na área de saúde, norteada por questões como desigualdades na saúde, saúde bucal, epidemiologia, saúde pública. O Brasil está mais articulado com a segunda vertente. As primeiras publicações no mundo surgiram em 1991. Ao final de 2018, o Brasil passou a ser o 1º colocado em relação à quantidade de artigos científicos, sendo a USP a instituição com o maior número de publicações.
Abstract: This paper conducted a bibliometric mapping on economic growth and human development, with emphasis on the studies about the interdependence of these elements. For this, a search was carried out on the Scopus database using the keywords: "Human development index", "Economic Growth", "Health" and "Education". The search was restricted to scientific journals. The terms were searched in the title, abstract, and keywords of the articles. The main results show that there are still a few works that study the circular causal influence between economic growth and human development and that the topic researched is inserted in different contexts, separated into two aspects: one related to human development, permeating economic issues; and the other, to an approach in the health area based on issues such as health inequalities, oral health, epidemiology, public health. Brazil is more articulated with the second aspect. The first publications in the world took place in 1991. By the end of 2018, Brazil ranked 1st in the number of scientific articles, with the University of São Paulo being the institution with the largest number of publications.
Numerical Analysis of Potential Contaminant Migration from Abandoned In Situ Coal Conversion Reactors
Authors: Otto Christopher , Steding Svenja , Tranter Morgan , Gorka Torsten , Hámor-Vidó Mária , Basa Wioleta , Kapusta Krzysztof , Kalmár István , Kempka Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In the context of a potential utilisation of coal resources located in the Mecsek mountain area in Southern Hungary, an assessment of groundwater pollution resulting from a potential water-borne contaminant pool remaining in in situ coal conversion reactors after site abandonment has been undertaken in the scope of the present study. The respective contaminants may be of organic and inorganic nature.
A sensitivity analysis was carried out by means of numerical simulations of fluid flow as well as contaminant and heat transport including retardation to assess spatial contaminant migration. Hereby, the main uncertainties, e.g., changes in hydraulic gradient and hydraulic contributions of the complex regional and local fault systems in the study area, were assessed in a deterministic way to identify the relevant parameters.
Overall 512 simulations of potential groundwater contamination scenarios within a time horizon exceeding the local post-operational monitoring period were performed, based on maximum contaminant concentrations, cumulative mass balances as well as migration distances of the contaminant plume. The simulation results show that regional faults represent the main contaminant migration pathway, and that contamination is unlikely assuming the given reference model parametrisation.
However, contamination within a simulation time of 50 years is possible for specific geological conditions, e.g., if the hydraulic conductivity of the regional faults exceeds a maximum value of
1 × 10−5 m s−1.
Further, the parameter data analysis shows that freshwater aquifer contamination is highly non-linear and has a bimodal distribution. The bivariate correlation coefficient heatmap shows slightly positive correlations for the pressure difference, the fault permeability and the simulation time, as well as a negative correlation for the retardation coefficient.
The results of this sensitivity analysis have been integrated into a specific toolkit for risk assessment for that purpose.
A CO2-independent cloud mask from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) radiances for climate applications
Authors: Whitburn Simon , Clarisse Lieven , Crapeau Marc , August Thomas , Hultberg Tim , Coheur Pierre François , Clerbaux Cathy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. With more than 15 years of continuous and consistent measurements, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) radiance dataset is becoming a reference climate data record. To be exploited to its full potential, it requires a cloud filter that is accurate, unbiased over the full IASI life span and strict enough to be used in satellite data retrieval schemes.
Here, we present a new cloud detection algorithm which combines (1) a high sensitivity, (2) a good consistency over the whole IASI time series and between the different copies of the instrument flying on board the suite of Metop satellites, and (3) simplicity in its parametrization.
The method is based on a supervised neural network (NN) and relies, as input parameters, on the IASI radiance measurements only. The robustness of the cloud mask over time is ensured in particular by avoiding the IASI channels that are influenced by CO2, N2O, CH4, CFC-11 and CFC-12 absorption lines and those corresponding to the ν2 H2O absorption band. As a reference dataset for the training, version 6.5 of the operational IASI Level 2 (L2) cloud product is used.
We provide different illustrations of the NN cloud product, including comparisons with other existing products. We find very good agreement overall with version 6.5 of the operational IASI L2 with an identical mean annual cloud amount and a pixel-by-pixel correspondence of about 87 %. The comparison with the other cloud products shows a good correspondence in the main cloud regimes but with sometimes large differences in the mean cloud amount (up to 10 %) due to the specificities of each of the different products.
We also show the good capability of the NN product to differentiate clouds from dust plumes.
Passive Tracer Modelling at Super-Resolution with WRF-ARW to Assess Mass-Balance Schemes
Authors: Fathi Sepehr , Gordon Mark , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Accurate "super-resolution'' (Δx < 250 m) atmospheric modelling is useful for several different sectors (e.g., renewable energy, natural disaster prediction), and essential for numerous applications such as downscaling of weather and climate information to finer resolutions. It can also be used to interpret environmental observations during top-down retrieval campaigns by providing complementary data that closely correspond to real-world atmospheric pollution transport and dispersion conditions. In top-down retrievals (e.g., aircraft-based), errors in estimates can arise from assumptions about atmospheric dispersion conditions, uncertainties in measurements, and data processing. As discussed in this work and in our companion paper (Fathi and Gordon, 2022), super-resolution numerical model simulations can be utilized to investigate these sources of uncertainty and optimize the retrievals. In order to conduct a thorough model-based study of the atmospheric dynamical processes that can affect top-down retrievals, model simulations at super-resolutions on the scale of measurement frequency are required: sufficient to resolve the dynamical and turbulent processes at the scale at which measurements are conducted. Here, in the context of our modelling case studies with WRF, we demonstrate a series of best practices for improved (realistic) modelling of atmospheric pollutant dispersion at super-resolutions. These include careful considerations for grid quality over complex terrain, sub-grid TKE parameterization at the scale of large eddies, and ensuring local and global tracer mass-conservation. For this work, super-resolution (Δx ≤ 100 m, Δt ≤ 1 s) model simulations with Large-Eddy-Simulation sub-grid scale parameterization were developed and implemented using WRF-ARW. The objective was to resolve small dynamical processes inclusive of spatio-temporal scales of high-speed (e.g., 100 m/s) airborne measurements. This was achieved by down-scaling of reanalysis data from 31.25 km to 50 m through multi-domain model nesting in the horizontal and grid-refining in the vertical. Further, WRF dynamical-solver source code was modified to simulate passive-tracer emissions within the finest resolution domain. Different meteorological case studies and several tracer emission sources were considered. Model-generated fields were evaluated against observational data and also in terms of tracer mass-conservation. Results indicated model performance within 5 % of observational data in terms of sea level pressure, temperature and humidity, and agreement within one standard deviation between modelled and observed wind fields. Model performance in terms of tracer mass conservation was within 2 % to 5 % of model input emissions.
Development of an LSTM broadcasting deep-learning framework for regional air pollution forecast improvement
Authors: Sun Haochen , Fung Jimmy C. H. , Chen Yiang , Li Zhenning , Yuan Dehao , Chen Wanying , Lu Xingcheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Deep-learning frameworks can effectively forecast the air pollution data for individual stations by decoding time series data. However, most of the existing time-series-based deep-learning models use offline spatial interpolation strategies and thus cannot reliably project the station-based forecast to the spatial region of interest. In this study, the station-based long short-term memory (LSTM) technique was extended for spatial air quality forecasting by combining a novel deep-learning layer, termed the broadcasting layer, which incorporates a learnable weight decay
parameter designed for point-to-area extension. Unlike most existing
deep-learning-based methods that isolate the interpolation from the model
training process, the proposed end-to-end LSTM broadcasting framework can
consider the temporal characteristics of the time series and spatial relationships among different stations. To validate the proposed deep-learning framework, PM2.5 and O3 forecasts for the next 48 h were obtained using 3D chemical transport model simulation results and ground observation data as the inputs. The root mean square error associated with the proposed framework was 40 % and 20 % lower than those of the Weather Research and Forecasting–Community Multiscale Air Quality model and an offline combination of the deep-learning and spatial interpolation methods, respectively. The novel LSTM broadcasting framework can be extended for air pollution forecasting in other regions of interest.
Hematologic Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with and without G6PD Deficiency: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mushtaq Kamran , Soliman Ashraf T. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Iqbal Fatima , Karawia Ahmed A. , Ahmed Doaa H. , Hailan Yousef M. , Alawad Mouhammad J. , Abubakar Muhammad , Gul Mohammadshah I. , Ata Fateen , Seijari Mohammed N. , Elhadi Mohammed E. , Kaspo Samer J. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Patients with multiple comorbidities who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have high morbidity and mortality. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been shown to have an enhanced effect on coronavirus in an earlier study.
Methods: We conducted this comparative observational study to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 disease on G6PD deficiency based on the hematologic parameters, COVID-19-related hospitalizations, and mortality in the state of Qatar between January 2020 and May 2020 at four designated COVID-19 facilities. We identified 41 patients with G6PD deficiency who had documented COVID-19 infection. We compared the results with 241 patients with COVID-19 infection who tested negative for G6PD deficiency.: Results: Comparing the COVID-19 positive G6PD deficient with COVID-19 positive G6PD normal activity showed that G6PD normal group had higher white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes counts versus the G6PD deficient group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: When compared with COVID-19 patients with normal G6PD, patients with COVID-19 infection and G6PD deficiency had lower total WBC, ANC, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. However, no evidence of increased hemolysis, thrombosis, morbidity, or mortality was observed in COVID-19 patients with G6PD deficiency.