bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The retention of non-commercial hardwoods in mixed stands maintains higher avian biodiversity than clear-cutting
Authors: Wheelhouse Lauren M , Hodder Dexter P , Otter Ken A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A diverse landscape can support a more diverse range of species and allow for more complex community structures. In forested habitats, openings and changes in tree composition allow for a higher species richness due to the greater chance of niche occupancy. Knowledge about these relationships may be useful for adapting forest harvesting strategies to, for example, support bird diversity conservation and studies are required to understand how different harvesting strategies influence forest structure and bird diversity. Here, we used Autonomous Recording Units (ARU) to record dawn signalling of forest birds between two forest-harvesting treatment types (complete clear-cuts and hardwood-retention patches) vs control forest patches in the John Prince Research Forest, British Columbia, Canada. We compared Species Richness and Shannon diversity as detected through identifying species in audio recordings, across treatments. The observed Species Richness and Shannon diversity did differ between the Retention treatment and Forest controls when controlling for number of individuals sampled, but both had higher Species Richness and Shannon diversity of passerine species than the Clear-cut treatments. When comparing species composition, we found that forest-associated species were disproportionately detected in Forest controls compared to Clear-cut treatments but detected at intermediate levels in Retention treatments. Species associated with early-seral habitats, though, had disproportionate detection in Clear-cut treatments compared to Forest controls, but also showed expected detections in Retention treatments. These results suggest that partial harvesting and retention of non-commercial hardwoods, can help retain forest-associated species while also helping attract early-seral avian species; this can help increase the overall diversity of the landscape while still making logging profitable. Further research should be conducted to determine the value of this retained habitat at different spatial scales to understand the impacts that it may have for larger-scale deployment.
Pregnenolone-methyl-ether enhances CLIP170 and microtubule functions improving spine maturation and hippocampal deficits related to CDKL5 deficiency
Authors: Barbiero Isabella , Zamberletti Erica , Tramarin Marco , Gabaglio Marina , Peroni Diana , De Rosa Roberta , Baldin Serena , Bianchi Massimiliano , Rubino Tiziana , Kilstrup-Nielsen Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by severe infantile seizures and intellectual disability. The absence of CDKL5 in mice causes defective spine maturation that can at least partially explain the cognitive impairment in CDKL5 patients and CDD mouse models. The molecular basis for such defect may depend on the capacity of CDKL5 to regulate microtubule (MT) dynamics through its association with the MT-plus end tracking protein CLIP170 (cytoplasmic linker protein 170). Indeed, we here demonstrate that the absence of CDKL5 causes CLIP170 to be mainly in a closed inactive conformation that impedes its binding to MTs. Previously, the synthetic pregnenolone analogue, pregnenolone-methyl-ether (PME), was found to have a positive effect on CDKL5-related cellular and neuronal defects in vitro. Here, we show that PME induces the open active conformation of CLIP170 and promotes the entry of MTs into dendritic spines in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of PME to symptomatic Cdkl5-knock-out mice improved hippocampal-dependent behavior and restored spine maturation and the localization of MT-related proteins in the synaptic compartment. The positive effect on cognitive deficits persisted for 1 week after treatment withdrawal. Altogether, our results suggest that CDKL5 regulates spine maturation and cognitive processes through its control of CLIP170 and MT dynamics, which may represent a novel target for the development of disease-modifying therapies.
Endometrial compaction does not predict live birth in single euploid frozen embryo transfers: a prospective study
Authors: Shah Jaimin S , Vaughan Denis A , Dodge Laura E , Leung Angela , Korkidakis Ann , Sakkas Denny , Ryley David A , Penzias Alan S , Toth Thomas L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is there a relationship between endometrial compaction and live birth in euploid frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Live birth rates (LBRs) were similar in both patients that demonstrated endometrial compaction or no compaction in single euploid FETs.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
There has been increasing interest in the correlation between endometrial compaction and clinical outcomes but there has been conflicting evidence from prior investigations.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This was a prospective observational study from 1 September 2020 to 9 April 2021.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
This study was performed at a single, academically affiliated fertility center in which patients who had an autologous single euploid FET using a programmed or modified natural cycle protocol were included. All embryos had trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy followed by vitrification at the blastocyst stage. Two ultrasound measurements of endometrial thickness (EMT) were obtained. The first measurement (T1) was measured transvaginally within 1 day of initiation of progesterone or ovulation trigger injection, and a second EMT (T2) was measured transabdominally at the time of embryo transfer (ET). The primary outcome (LBR) was based on the presence and proportion of compaction (percentage difference in EMT between T1 and T2).

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Of the 186 participants included, 54%, 45%, 35%, 28% and 21% of women exhibited &gt;0%, ≥5%, ≥10%, ≥15% and ≥20% endometrial compaction, respectively. Endometrial compaction was not predictive of live birth at any of the defined cutoffs. A sub-analysis stratified by FET protocol type (n = 89 programmed; n = 97 modified natural) showed similar results.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
There was the potential for measurement error in the recorded EMTs. The T2 measurement was performed transabdominally, which may cause potential measurement error, as it is generally accepted that transvaginal measurements of EMT are more accurate, though, any bias is expected to be non-differential. The sub-analysis performed looking at FET protocol type was underpowered and should be interpreted with caution. Our study, however, represents a pragmatic approach, as it allowed patients to avoid having to come in for an extra transvaginal ultrasound the day before or on the day of ET.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Assessing endometrial compaction may lead to unnecessary cycle cancellation. However, further studies are needed to determine if routine screening for endometrial compaction would improve clinical outcomes.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
No authors report conflicts of interest or disclosures. There was no study funding.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT04330066.
The Skeletomuscular System of the Mesosoma ofFormica rufaWorkers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Aibekova Lazzat , Boudinot Brendon E , Georg Beutel Rolf , Richter Adrian , Keller Roberto A , Hita-Garcia Francisco , Economo Evan P 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.
Population structure ofblaKPC-harbouring IncN plasmids at a New York City medical centre and evidence for multi-species horizontal transmission
Authors: Gomez-Simmonds Angela , Annavajhala Medini K , Tang Nina , Rozenberg Felix D , Ahmad Mehrose , Park Heekuk , Lopatkin Allison J , Uhlemann Anne Catrin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are highly concerning MDR pathogens. Horizontal transfer of broad-host-range IncN plasmids may contribute to the dissemination of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), spreading carbapenem resistance among unrelated bacteria. However, the population structure and genetic diversity of IncN plasmids has not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesWe reconstructed blaKPC-harbouring IncN plasmid genomes to characterize shared gene content, structural variability, and putative horizontal transfer within and across patients and diverse bacterial clones.MethodsWe performed short- and long-read sequencing and hybrid assembly on 45 CRE isolates with blaKPC-harbouring IncN plasmids. Eight serial isolates from two patients were included to assess intra-patient plasmid dynamics. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to assess structural and sequence similarity across plasmids. Within IncN sublineages defined by plasmid MLST and kmer-based clustering, phylogenetic analysis was used to identify closely related plasmids.ResultsComparative analysis of IncN plasmid genomes revealed substantial heterogeneity including large rearrangements in serial patient plasmids and differences in structure and content across plasmid clusters. Within plasmid sublineages, core genome content and resistance gene regions were largely conserved. Closely related plasmids (≤1 SNP) were found in highly diverse isolates, including ten pST6 plasmids found in eight bacterial clones from three different species.ConclusionsGenomic analysis of blaKPC-harbouring IncN plasmids revealed the presence of several distinct sublineages as well as substantial host diversity within plasmid clusters suggestive of frequent mobilization. This study reveals complex plasmid dynamics within a single plasmid family, highlighting the challenge of tracking plasmid-mediated transmission of blaKPC in clinical settings.
Growth performance, immune status, gastrointestinal tract ecology, and function in nursery pigs fed enzymatically treated yeast without or with pharmacological levels of zinc
Authors: Christensen Brenda , Zhu Cuilan , Mohammadigheisar Mohsen , Schulze Hagen , Huber Lee-Anne , Kiarie Elijah G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Growth performance and physiological responses of nursery piglets when fed enzymatically treated yeast (HY40) and pharmacological ZnO alone or in combination were investigated. A total of 144 pigs (21 d old, BW 7.32 ± 0.55 kg) were placed in 36 pens (4 pigs/pen). Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 9): 1) control corn-wheat-soybean meal diet (control), 2) control + HY40 (HY40), 3) control + (ZnO) and 4) control + HY40 + ZnO (HY40+ZnO). Inclusion of HY40 and ZnO was 0.5% and 3,000 ppm in phase I (days 0 to 14), respectively, and halved in phase II (days 15 to 42). All diets contained 0.2% TiO2 for determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of components. Body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. One pig per pen was killed for organ weights, blood, and tissue samples on day 14. Except for phase II, when HY40 + ZnO pigs had greater average daily feed intake (P = 0.004) than all other treatments, there were no (P &gt; 0.05) interactions between HY40 and ZnO on growth performance. Pigs fed HY40 or ZnO containing diets were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed without by the end of the study. On day 14, pigs fed additives exhibited higher (P ≤ 0.009) ATTD of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) than control pigs. On day 28, pigs fed control, HY40, and HY40 + ZnO had greater (P ≤ 0.022) ATTD of DM, crude protein, and GE than piglets fed ZnO only. Pigs fed HY40 + ZnO had lower ileal digesta Escherichia coli concentration (P &lt; 0.05) than HY40 and control pigs. Ileal digesta of pigs fed ZnO diets had higher lactobacillus to E. coli ratio (1.44 vs. 1.20; P = 0.001), exhibited higher concentrations of acetic (P = 0.01) and butyric acid (P = 0.01) but lower lactic (P = 0.02) and total short chain fatty acids (P = 0.033) than pigs fed non-ZnO diets. Greater (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, tight junction proteins, and fecal excretion of zinc (Zn) was observed in ZnO pigs relative to non-ZnO pigs. Pigs fed HY40 diets had greater (P = 0.002) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) than non-HY40 pigs. The concentration of plasma IgA was higher (P = 0.04) in HY40 + ZnO pigs relative to other pigs, whereas HY40 pigs showed higher (P &lt; 0.001) jejunal IgA than non-HY40 pigs. Although the mode of action of HY40 and ZnO differed, the present study indicated that HY40 improved growth performance and jejunal function and immunity, making HY40 an effective alternative to pharmacological ZnO in nursery pigs feeding programs.
Cancer’s Lasting Financial Burden: Evidence From a Longitudinal Assessment
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Owsley Kelsey M , Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Yabroff K Robin , Bradley Cathy J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) trajectories for the assessment of cancer’s lasting financial impact.

Methods
We identified newly diagnosed cancer patients and constructed matched control group of noncancer participants from the 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study. Outcomes included monthly OOPE for prescription drugs (RX-OOPE_MONTHLY) and OOPE for medical services other than drugs in the past 2 years (non–RX-OOPE_2YR), consumer debt, and new individual retirement account (IRA) withdrawals. Generalized linear models were used to compare OOPEs between cancer and matched control groups. Logistic regressions were used to compare household-level consumer debt or early IRA withdrawal. Subgroup analysis stratified patients by age, health status, and household income, with the low-income group stratified by Medicaid coverage. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
The study cohort included 2022 cancer patients and 10 110 participants in the matched noncancer control group. Mean non–RX-OOPE_2YR of cancer patients was similar to that of participants in the matched control group before diagnosis but statistically significantly higher at diagnosis ($1157, P &lt; .001), 2 ($511, P &lt; .001) years, 4 ($360, P = .006) years, and 6  ($430, P = .01) years after diagnosis. A similar pattern was observed in RX-OOPE_MONTHLY. A statistically significantly higher proportion of cancer patients incurred consumer debt at diagnosis (34.5% vs 29.9%; P &lt; .001) and 2 years after (32.5% vs 28.2%; P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in new IRA withdrawals. Patients experienced lasting financial consequences following cancer diagnosis that were most pronounced among patients aged 65 years and older, in good-to-excellent health at baseline, and with low income, but without Medicaid coverage.

Conclusions
Policies to reduce costs and expand insurance coverage options while reducing cost-sharing are needed.
Long-Term Risk of Hospitalization for Somatic Diseases Among Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sørensen Gitte Vrelits , Albieri Vanna , Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Erdmann Friederike , Mogensen Hanna , Talbäck Mats , Ifversen Marianne , Lash Timothy Lee , Feychting Maria , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Heyman Mats Marshall , Winther Jeanette Falck , Hasle Henrik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be at increased long-term risk of hospitalization for somatic diseases. However, large population-based cohort studies with risk estimates for survivors successfully cured without experiencing a relapse or requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are lacking.

Methods
Danish and Swedish patients diagnosed with ALL before age 20 years in 1982-2008 were identified in the national cancer registries. Five-year survivors and matched population comparisons without childhood cancer were followed for hospitalization for 120 somatic disease categories in the national hospital registries from 5 years postdiagnosis until 2017, and disease-specific hospitalization rate ratios (RR) were calculated. The mean cumulative count method was used to estimate the mean number of multiple and recurrent disease-specific hospitalizations per individual.

Results
A total of 2024 5-year survivors and 9797 population comparisons were included. The overall hospitalization rate was more than twice as high compared with comparisons (RR = 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.09 to 2.52). At 30 years postdiagnosis, the mean cumulative hospitalization count was 1.69 (95% CI = 1.47 to 1.90) per survivor and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.73 to 0.86) per comparison. In the subcohort without relapse or HSCT (n = 1709), the RR was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.27 to 1.58).

Conclusions
Survivors of childhood ALL were at increased long-term risk for disease-specific hospitalizations; however, in survivors without relapse or HSCT, the rate was only modestly higher than in population comparisons without a childhood cancer. The absolute mean numbers of multiple and recurrent hospitalizations were generally low.
An Asian multi-national multi-institutional retrospective study comparing intracavitary versus the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Ando Ken , Murata Masumi , Murata Kazutoshi , Ohno Tatsuya , Aoshika Tomomi , Kato Shingo , Okonogi Noriyuki , Saito Anneyuko I , Kim Joo-Young , Yoshioka Yasuo , Sekii Shuhei , Tsujino Kayoko , Lowanichkiattikul Chairat , Pattaranutaporn Poompis , Kaneyasu Yuko , Nakagawa Tomio , Watanabe Miho , Uno Takashi , Umezawa Rei , Jingu Keiichi , Kanemoto Ayae , Wakatsuki Masaru , Shirai Katsuyuki , Igaki Hiroshi , Itami Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study is an international multi-institutional retrospective study comparing the clinical outcomes between intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) and the hybrid of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (HBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiation therapy. Locally advanced cervical cancer, the initial size of which is larger than 4 cm and treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy, were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients who received HBT at least once were included in the HBT group, and patients who received only ICBT were included in the ICBT group. Anonymized data from 469 patients from 13 institutions in Japan, one from Korea and one from Thailand, were analyzed. Two hundred eighty and 189 patients were included in the ICBT group and the HBT group, respectively. Patients in the HBT group had more advanced stage, non-Scc histopathology, a higher rate of uterine body involvement, larger tumor at diagnosis, larger tumor before brachytherapy and a lower tumor reduction ratio. With a median follow-up of 51.3 months (2.1–139.9 months), 4-y local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire patient population were 88.2%, 64.2% and 83%, respectively. The HBT group received a higher HR-CTV D90 than that of the ICBT group (68.8 Gy vs 65.6 Gy, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the non-Scc histological subtype, HR-CTV D95 ≤ 60 Gy, reduction ratio ≤ 29% and total treatment time (TTT) ≥ 9 weeks were identified as the independent adverse prognostic factors for LC. Regarding LC, no difference was found between ICBT and HBT (4-y LC 89.3% vs 86.8%, P = 0.314). After adjustment for confounding factors by propensity score matching, no advantage of applying HBT was demonstrated regarding LC, PFS, or OS. Despite the fact that HBT patients had more adverse clinical factors than ICBT patients, HBT delivered a higher dose to HR-CTV and resulted in comparable LC.
Rituals of (dis)possession: appropriation and performativity in the early modern law of nations
Authors: Alvarez-Nakagawa Alexis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article makes a contribution to the history and theory of international law by looking at instruments, institutions, and practices of the Spanish Conquest. Instead of analysing the canonical texts of the ‘Spanish fathers’ of the law of nations, as has been done several times in the literature, it focuses on the legal forms of territorial acquisition and analyses the performative character of the ceremonies of possession that served to legalise the Conquest in the early modern political and theological order of 16th century Europe.
A step towards unveiling the nature of three cataclysmic variables: LS Cam, V902 Mon, and SWIFT J0746.3-1608
Authors: Rawat Nikita , Pandey J C , Joshi Arti , Yadava Umesh 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe have carried out detailed time-resolved timing analyses of three cataclysmic variables (CVs) namely LS Cam, V902 Mon, and SWIFT J0746.3-1608, using the long-baseline, high-cadence optical photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Our analysis of LS Cam observations hints the presence of a superorbital period of ∼4.025 ± 0.007 d along with negative and positive superhump periods of ∼3.30 and 3.70 h, respectively. These results can be explained as an interaction of nodal and apsidal precession of the accretion disc with orbital motion. For the other two sources, V902 Mon and SWIFT J0746.3-1608, we have found evidence of a beat period of 2387.0 ± 0.6 and 2409.5 ± 0.7 s, respectively, which were not found in earlier studies. Our results presented in this study indicate the change in the accretion mode during the entire observing period for both sources. For V902 Mon, an apparent orbital period derivative of (6.09 ± 0.60) × 10−10 was also found. Moreover, the second harmonic of orbital frequency dominates the power spectrum of SWIFT J0746.3-1608, suggestive of ellipsoidal modulation of the secondary star. Present analyses suggest that LS Cam could be a superhumping CV, whereas V902 Mon and SWIFT J0746.3-1608 are likely to be variable disc-overflow accreting intermediate polars.