bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of calculated and experimental indicated diagrams of a S.I. Engine
Authors: Blaga V , Mitran T , Rus A , Beleş H , Dragomir G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The functioning of the engine in a closed loop with lambda sensor and catalyzer makes the excess air factor to be maintained as close as possible to the value 1=1. Based on an own model, the authors realized an analytical calculation of the indicated diagram. The indicated diagram was also raised on an experimental stand in p-V coordinates, and the real indicated diagram in p-a coordinates. The equations for the thermal processes that take place in the engine have been determined and, after that, these were introduced in a computer. Using these equations, the state parameters in the characteristic points of the engine cycle were calculated.
Aspects of electric transmission implementation on a battle tank
Authors: Ilie C O , Barothi L , Marinescu M , Giurgiu I T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the paper, a high performance electric transmission designed for heavy military vehicles is presented. The power source is a 1300 hp gas turbine and a 200 hp supercharged diesel engine. Both engines drive a synchronous generator. The electric current supplied by the generator is rectified. Each sprocket is mounted on the output shaft of a gearbox driven by an asynchronous electric motor. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) inverter control AC motors in a separate way to achieve dynamic performance. Diesel engine alone is used for driving on paved roads with speeds of up to 15 km/h with low fuel consumption. Gas turbine and diesel engine are automatically coupled to the generator to reach the maximum torque and dynamic performances. The tank can thus reach a maximum speed of 70 km/h.
New concept of car door reinforcement
Authors: Pascal I , Gaidur M , Rakosi E , Ulian T , Manolache Gh , Talif S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to make a series of finite element analyses and to show if the new concept of car door reinforcement brings any improvements. For this reason, was made a comparison between the finite element analyses of the actual concept of car door reinforcement and of the new proposal. The conditions for analyses were chosen as to reflect the reality of the situation. The analyses are of a dynamic type. In this way, we took into consideration the same material type for the car door and different material types and dimensions for the reinforcements. With the help of this study, the authors want to prove the improvements that the new proposal of car door reinforcement can bring into the automotive industry.
Engine oil analysis to evaluate the degree of its wear during the period of operation of the vehicle
Authors: Zaharia C , Niculescu R , Năstase M , Clenci A , Iorga-Simăn V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The lubricating oil fulfills several purposes, such as: reducing friction processes, protecting the parts of the engine mechanism from wear, preventing the occurrence of corrosion phenomena, taking over and transporting or transferring impurities to the oil filter, lubricating the moving parts as well as their cooling.
The lubrication fluid of the internal combustion engine has a significant contribution on its service life and involves its proper functioning during operation. Changing the engine oil before reaching the manufacturer specified mileage and/or time corresponding to the planned preventive maintenance becomes an imperative action sometimes, but with negative effects on the operating costs of the vehicle.
Prolonged operation in different conditions could lead to the deterioration of the lubricating oil, respectively of its properties and quality. Thus, in order for the user to benefit from maximum engine performance, it is necessary to change the engine oil at well-defined time/running intervals. So, it is very important to know when the technical overhaul of the engine will be carried out because the late change of the engine oil can affect the parts of the engine mechanism and implicitly, the performance of the vehicle or the impossibility of driving. On the other hand, premature change of engine oil increases the costs, affects the environment considering the recycling process and resource depletion.
The authors of this paper used samples of SAE 5W30 engine oil and analyzed the following parameters: viscosity, density, flash point, contamination with fuel and solids, degree of oxidation, dispersion power. The information on the evolution during the period of operation (considered post-warranty period) of these parameters is the basis for the elaboration of engine maintenance strategies considering the following three goals: the reliability, the operating costs of the vehicle and environmental issues.
Study on a test bench of a vehicle rear axle fatigue behavior
Authors: Ionica V , Dumitru I , Bogdan M , Geonea I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a study with finite elements of the rear axle of a car. The virtual model of the rear axle assembly of a vehicle is made. Based on this model we made a study of the state of stresses and strains that occur in the components of the rear suspension. When constructing the analysis model, we considered the bearing conditions, as well as the loads from the real operation of the assembly. The purpose of this finite element analysis is to determine the most requested areas of the rear axle assembly, as well as to compare the results obtained for specific deformations and stresses experimentally with those obtained by finite element analysis. Also, through the analysis with finite elements, we obtained and presented in the paper results regarding the fatigue behavior of the elements of the ensemble.
The Study of a Cost-Effective Developed System for the Comfort Testing of the Motor-Vehicle Driver and the Passengers
Authors: Voloacă Ş , Toma M F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main goal of the actual research is to develop a cost-effective Data Acquisition System. The system can be used to measure accelerations, inside the vehicles, that can affect the comfort of the passengers or the driving pleasure, known as drivability. The study of comfort, influenced by the accelerations, is currently conducted on different types of vehicles equipped with thermal, electric engines or hybrid systems. This study can have two approaches, a subjective one and an objective one. The subjective study of the drivability must be made by a specialized person, with good skill and vast experience in this domain, but the results, sometimes, can be influenced by that person preferences or its moment feelings. The objective of the study is made by analysing the recoded accelerations by a data acquisition system. The paper starts from the main tendency on every industry, represented by the indirect ratio of growing performances versus the size reduction of the measuring devices. In the beginning, this tendency can have high costs but with good optimization will have a significant cost reduction. Thus, the paper combines three main parts of engineering like electronics, automatics and not least the automotive one. The research starts from a system developed inside the automotive engineering laboratories that was used to record data in real time, on a motor-vehicle, for different running regimes, met in the real life.
Comparative analysis of driver’s motion using different headrest positions during the rear-end collision
Authors: Gheorghe Marius Corbu , Ionut Alexandru Garnita , Daniel Dragos Trusca , Florin Daniel Toma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The biggest problem regarding the safety of occupants during the rear-end collision is the occurrence of “Whiplash” phenomenon, which means that the human head moves backwards in relation to the thorax movement which is in the sitting position. In this case, only the headrest opposes the head movement. An important role in the attenuation of this phenomenon is played by the correct position of the headrest relative to the head position. If the headrest is adjusted correctly, to limit the angle and movement of the head and neck during a rear-end collision, it should reduce the injury risk caused by “Whiplash”, a phenomenon that can cause easy to dangerous injuries. This paper presents a comparative analysis during the rear-end collision between a driver with the headrest adjusted in optimal and wrong position. The analysis is based on the front quarter driver side of body car, using an anthropomorphic dummy. The quarter of car was positioned on a sledge that was located on the test stand. The data acquired during the tests were processed in order to evaluate the most common injury criteria, called HIC (Head Injury Criteria).
The connection between the quality of the periodic technical certification of lorries and the road traffic safety and other ecological and commercial aspects
Authors: Ionită T D , Ispas N , Chiru A , Motoc D L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The technical diversification of the current road traffic units in Romania is enhanced by the growth of the national fleet of road vehicles. According to APIA statistics, cars have the largest share in the volume of the car fleet in Romania. In 2019, the national car park increased by 7% compared to the previous year - 606,163 units, including 161,562 new and 444,601 used. The fleet of commercial vehicles registered an increase of 80,895 units (25,936 new and 54,959 used) or 6.1%, reaching a total nationwide at about 8 million units. The technical condition of these vehicles significantly determines road safety as well as the impact that road transport has on the environment. For each vehicle, the technical condition is validated by periodic technical inspection. In this paper, the findings of periodic technical inspections allowed the authors to develop significant scenarios related to road safety, environmental influences, but also related to commercial issues associated, for example, with the change of owner of the vehicle. The objectives we achieve in this paper are directly related to the direct link between the scope of European Union regulations certifying the compliant technical condition of a particular vehicle (result of periodic technical inspection) and road traffic safety in Romania today corroborated with projections of environmental influences and changes climate.
Road safety-related determining of time and space braking under different travel conditions
Authors: Victor Oţăt , Oana Victoria Oţăt , Diana Alexandra Oţăt 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to determine the vehicle kinematic parameters during braking, namely the braking time and space needed. Considering different travel conditions, dry and wet roads, we put forward two methods to determine the braking capability. First, we resort to the analytical method; hence the total braking time needs to be considered as obtained from the necessary braking time until the vehicle stops, or the braking process is completed, i.e. the sum of the time due to physiological delays, the time due to involuntary delays and the actual braking time until the vehicle stops. Next, through the Virtual Crash software platform, we carried out a case study to determine the kinematic parameters of a braking vehicle under different travel conditions. The virtual modelling developed for our case study features braking analyses on a track in alignment. The initial parameters of the vehicle and the travel conditions, i.e. the adhesion coefficient value, are similar as in the analytical method. By processing the numerical results, we developed a comparative analysis of the vehicle kinematic parameters for the two methods used, focusing on validating the performance and effectiveness of the modelling method in terms of the time needed to set new initial parameters.
Influence of plasma-induced reflected wave variations on microwave transmission characterization of supersonic plasma excited in shock tube
Authors: TIAN Jing , MA Ping , CHEN Bo , HU Haoquan , ZENG Bin , LI Lutong , TANG Pu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, the theoretical analysis and experiment results investigating the influence of plasma-induced reflected wave variations on microwave transmission characterization are presented. Firstly, an analytical transmission line model for transmission characterization of plasma in shock tube is derived and validated against full-wave simulation. Then, the theoretical analysis of transmission characterization based on a time-dependent reconstruction algorithm that takes into account the variations of reflected wave is presented and the influence of reflection variations under various states of plasma is also investigated. The unusual increase in the amplitude of transmitted wave is theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated as well. Finally, the experiment results are also presented to illustrate the effects of reflected wave variations in practical microwave transmission characterization of supersonic plasma excited in shock tube.
Average direct and indirect causal effects under interference
Authors: Hu Yuchen , Li Shuangning , Wager Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Summary
We propose a definition for the average indirect effect of a binary treatment in the potential outcomes model for causal inference under cross-unit interference. Our definition is analogous to the standard definition of the average direct effect and can be expressed without needing to compare outcomes across multiple randomized experiments. We show that the proposed indirect effect satisfies a decomposition theorem stating that in a Bernoulli trial, the sum of the average direct and indirect effects always corresponds to the effect of a policy intervention that infinitesimally increases treatment probabilities. We also consider a number of parametric models for interference and find that our nonparametric indirect effect remains a natural estimand when re-expressed in the context of these models.
Acquired prosopagnosia with structurally intact and functional fusiform face area and with face identity-specific configuration processing deficits
Authors: de Gelder Beatrice , Huis in ‘t Veldt Elizabeth , Zhan Minye , Van den Stock Jan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Prosopagnosia or loss of face perception and recognition is still poorly understood and rare single cases of acquired prosopagnosia can provide a unique window on the behavioural and brain basis of normal face perception. The present study of a new case of acquired prosopagnosia with bilateral occipito-temporal lesions but a structurally intact FFA and OFA investigated whether the lesion overlapped with the face network and whether the structurally intact FFA showed a face selective response. We also investigated the behavioral correlates of the neural findings and assessed configural processing in the context of facial and non-facial identity recognition, expression recognition and memory, also focusing on the face-selectivity of each specific deficit. The findings reveal a face-selective response in the FFA, despite lesions in the face perception network. At the behavioural level, the results showed impaired configural processing for facial identity, but not for other stimulus categories and not for facial expression recognition. These findings challenge a critical role of the FFA for face identity processing and support a domain-specific account of configural processing.
Social Media: Flattening Hierarchies for Women and Black, Indigenous, People Of Color (BIPOC) to Enter the Room Where It Happens
Authors: Titanji Boghuma K , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C , Christophers Briana , Flores Laura , Marcelin Jasmine R , Swartz Talia H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Social media platforms are widely used to connect people across multiple settings, including country of origin, profession, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, seniority, and training. Groups that have been marginalized or historically excluded from decision-making encounters may lack formal mentors/sponsors because of a lack of representation of women and Black, Indigenous, People Of Color (BIPOC) in senior leadership positions. This can serve as a barrier to professional advancement at all stages of career development. Identifying and connecting with these potential mentors/sponsors outside of one’s institutional space can be challenging. For this reason, leveraging social media to develop these professional relationships through flattened hierarchies can allow for professional networking beyond traditional mechanisms. Here we aim to describe how individuals can connect through social media to advance their careers and scientific and clinical expertise, advocate for communities, and provide high-quality communication to the public.
Adenovirus-Based Vaccines and Thrombosis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pischel Lauren , Patel Kavin M , Goshua George , Omer Saad B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Rare cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome [TTS]) have been associated with 2 coronavirus disease 2019 adenovirus vector vaccines: the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaxzevria vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and the JNJ-7836735 Johnson & Johnson vaccine (Janssen). It is unknown if TTS is a class-mediated effect of adenovirus-based vaccines or if it could worsen known hypercoagulable states. Since most cases of TTS happen in women of childbearing age, pregnancy is a crucial risk factor to assess. Understanding these risks is important for advising vaccine recipients and future adenovirus vector vaccine development.

Methods
To explore the potential associations of adenovirus-based vaccine components with symptoms of TTS in the general clinical trial population and in pregnant women in clinical trials, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of adenovirus-based vector vaccines to document cases of thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and or pregnancy from 1 January 1966 to 9 August 2021.

Results
We found 167 articles from 159 studies of adenovirus vector–based vaccines, 123 of which targeted infectious diseases. In the general population, 20 studies reported an event of thrombocytopenia and 20 studies indicated some coagulopathy. Among pregnant women, of the 28 studies that reported a total of 1731 pregnant women, thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy were not reported.

Conclusions
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, there was no class-wide effect of adenovirus vector vaccines toward thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy events in the general population or in pregnant women.
Current Antiretroviral Treatment Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States: Findings from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems Cohort
Authors: Ma Jimmy , Nance Robin M , Delaney Joseph A C , Whitney Bridget M , Bamford Laura , Gravett Ronnie M , Moore Richard D , Napravnik Sonia , Mayer Kenneth H , Jacobson Jeffrey M , Christopoulos Katerina , Burkholder Greer A , Keruly Jeanne , Eron Joseph J , Martin Jeffrey , Cachay Edward R , Saag Michael S , Crane Heidi M , Kitahata Mari M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Among 14 049 people with human immunodeficiency virus in care in 2019–2020, 96% were treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Current antiretroviral treatment patterns highlight high uptake of guideline-recommended ART regimens including second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (dolutegravir and bictegravir) and tenofovir alafenamide, especially in antiretroviral-naive individuals initiating ART.
Sex differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hockham Carinna , Bao Lexia , Tiku Anushree , Badve Sunil V , Bello Aminu K , Jardine Meg J , Jha Vivekanand , Toyama Tadashi , Woodward Mark , Jun Min 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious reports on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asia have suggested important sex disparities but have been inconsistent in nature. We sought to synthesize available sex-disaggregated CKD prevalence data in Asia to quantify sex disparities in the region.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for observational studies involving ≥500 adults who reported sex-disaggregated CKD prevalence data in any of the 26 countries in East, Southeast and South Asia. For each study we calculated the female:male prevalence ratio (PR), with a ratio &gt;1 indicating a higher female prevalence. For each country, log-transformed PRs were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. These were then combined using a fixed effects model, weighting by population size, to estimate a pooled PR for each of East, Southeast and South Asia and Asia overall.ResultsSex-disaggregated data were available from 171 cohorts, spanning 15 countries and comprising 2 550 169 females and 2 595 299 males. Most studies (75.4%) came from East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea). Across Asia, CKD prevalence was higher in females {pooled prevalence 13.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3–14.9]} compared with males [pooled prevalence 12.1% (95% CI 10.3–14.1)], with a pooled PR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.17). Substantial heterogeneity was observed between countries. The pooled PRs for East, Southeast and South Asia were 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), 1.09 (0.88–1.36) and 1.03 (0.87–1.22), respectively.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests considerable between-country and -region heterogeneity in the female:male PR of CKD. However, there remains a large part of the region where data on sex-specific CKD prevalence are absent or limited. Country-level assessment of the differential burden of CKD in females and males is needed to define locally relevant policies that address the needs of both sexes.
A New Method To Find All The High-Probability Word-Oriented Truncated Differentials: Application To Midori, SKINNY And CRAFT
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhang Zhiyu , Yang Qianqian , Hu Lei , Luo Yiyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a new method to find high-probability truncated differentials using matrix muliplication. For Markov cipher with similar round function, suppose that the transition probability matrix of round function is $\mathcal{D}$, then $\mathcal{D}^{r}$ contains all the differential probabilities of an $r$-round block cipher. To reduce the matrix dimension, we consider the word-oriented truncated differential and the truncated transition probability matrix $\mathcal{T}$. Regardless of the effect of the $S$-box, we focus on whether there is a non-zero difference on one cell instead of the value of the difference. In this case, the matrix dimension reduces significantly and we can calculate $\mathcal{T}^{r}$ using a workstation. Then all the $r$-round truncated differential probabilities can be found from $\mathcal{T}^{r}$. And the probability in $\mathcal{T}^{r}$ is the probability of the whole truncated differential hull but not a single or several truncated differential characteristics. Besides, we make a more accurate probability estimation of the truncated differential of lightweight block cipher. Combined with the truncated differential hull, we found some longer truncated differential distinguishers. And as $\mathcal{T}^{r}$ stores all the truncated differential probabilities, we can also find all the impossible truncated differentials.