bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid profile of Spirulina sp cultivated in Bangka Seawater
Authors: Mahardika R G , Fadiyah I , Sunanda W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microalgae can be used as a good biodiesel raw material because there are quite a lot of oil microalgae, one of which is Spirulina sp. Cultivation Process of Spirulina sp. using seawater media produces more optimal biomass than freshwater media. This study used Bangka Seawater as a growth medium for Spirulina sp., and identification fatty acid of Spirulina extract by GC-MS methode. cell growth of Spirulina sp. on media Bangka seawater using Walne fertilizer can experience an exponential phase until the 9th day due to the addition of Walne fertilizer. Culture with 1 ml of Walne fertilizer had the best growth. The use of Bangka sea water without fertilizer can also grow Spirulina sp with a peak on day 5. The total fatty acid in the hexane extract of Spirulina in this study was 69.60% with similarity indeks above 70%. As many as 33.78% are Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) such as docosanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and hexanedioic acid. While 35.82% are Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA). The profile of fatty acid from Bangka seawater media showed that the largest fatty acids contained in Spirulina sp. is palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) with presentage 25.21%.
Characterizing Nanoparticle Release Patterns of Laser Powder Bed Fusion in Metal Additive Manufacturing: First Step Towards Mitigation Measures
Authors: Pernetti Roberta , Galbusera Francesco , Cattenone Alberto , Bergamaschi Enrico , Previtali Barbara , Oddone Enrico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a well-known Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology with a wide range of industrial applications. Potential occupational exposures to metal nanoparticles (NP) as by-products could occur in these processes, and no cogent occupational exposure limits are available. To contribute to this assessment, a monitoring campaign to measure the NP release pattern in two metal L-PBF facilities was carried out in two academic laboratories adopting L-PBF technology for research purposes. The monitored processes deal with two devices and three feedstock types, namely stainless steel (AISI 316L), aluminium-silicon alloy (A357) and pure copper, which are associated with different levels of industrial maturity. Prolonged environmental and personal real-time monitoring of NP concentration and size were performed, temperature and relative humidity were also measured during environmental monitoring. The measurements reveal a controlled NP release of the monitored processes, resulting in an average reduced exposure of the operators during the whole working shift, in compliance with proposed limit values (20 000 n cm−3 for density &gt;6000 kg m−3 or 40 000 n cm−3 for density &lt;6000 kg m−3). Nonetheless, the monitoring results show release events with an increase in NP concentration and a decrease in NP size corresponding with several actions usually performed during warm-up and cleaning, leading to exposures over 40–50 000 n cm−3 during a considerable time interval, especially during the manufacturing of pure copper powder. The results show that the actions of the operators, boundary conditions (relative humidity) and set-up of the L-PBF device have an impact on the amount of NP released and their size. Several release events (significant increase in NP concentration and decrease in NP size) are identified and associated with specific job tasks of the workers as well as building conditions. These results contribute to the definition of NP release benchmarks in AM processes and provide information to improve the operational conditions of L-PBF processes as well as safety guidelines for operators.
Concise synthesis of amino acid component of amicoumacins via dihydrooxazine formation through intramolecular conjugate addition
Authors: Matsushima Yoshitaka , Ogawa Yukako , Nishi Katsuya , Nakata Kyosuke 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Amicoumacins are a family of antibiotics with a variety of important bioactivities. A concise and efficient method was developed for synthesizing the amino acid component of amicoumacins via the corresponding dihydrooxazine intermediate. The dihydrooxazine ring was formed with complete stereoselectivity through an intramolecular conjugate addition of a δ-trichloroacetimidoyloxy-α,β-unsaturated ester, which was obtained from a known 4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene-protected d-glucose. The synthesis developed in this study can be used to synthesize the building blocks of amicoumacins and can likely be adapted for the synthesis of other types of molecules possessing dihydrooxazine rings or amino alcohol moieties.
Integrating heterogeneous knowledge graphs into drug–drug interaction extraction from the literature
Authors: Asada Masaki , Miwa Makoto , Sasaki Yutaka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Most of the conventional deep neural network-based methods for drug–drug interaction (DDI) extraction consider only context information around drug mentions in the text. However, human experts use heterogeneous background knowledge about drugs to comprehend pharmaceutical papers and extract relationships between drugs. Therefore, we propose a novel method that simultaneously considers various heterogeneous information for DDI extraction from the literature.

Results
We first construct drug representations by conducting the link prediction task on a heterogeneous pharmaceutical knowledge graph (KG) dataset. We then effectively combine the text information of input sentences in the corpus and the information on drugs in the heterogeneous KG (HKG) dataset. Finally, we evaluate our DDI extraction method on the DDIExtraction-2013 shared task dataset. In the experiment, integrating heterogeneous drug information significantly improves the DDI extraction performance, and we achieved an F-score of 85.40%, which results in state-of-the-art performance. We evaluated our method on the DrugProt dataset and improved the performance significantly, achieving an F-score of 77.9%. Further analysis showed that each type of node in the HKG contributes to the performance improvement of DDI extraction, indicating the importance of considering multiple pieces of information.

Availability and implementation
Our code is available at https://github.com/tticoin/HKG-DDIE.git
Bench to Bedside: Modelling Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Chidomere Chiamaka I , Wahid Mussarat , Kemble Samuel , Chadwick Caroline , Thomas Richard , Hardy Rowan S , McGettrick Helen M , Naylor Amy J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis are a major cause of disability. Pre-clinical murine models of inflammatory arthritis continue to be invaluable tools with which to identify and validate therapeutic targets and compounds. The models used are well-characterised and, whilst none truly recapitulates the human disease, they are crucial to researchers seeking to identify novel therapeutic targets and to test efficacy during preclinical trials of novel drug candidates.
The arthritis parameters recorded during clinical trials and routine clinical patient care have been carefully standardised, allowing comparison between centres, trials, and treatments. Similar standardisation of scoring across in vivo models has not occurred, which makes interpretation of published results, and comparison between arthritis models, challenging. Here, we include a detailed and readily implementable arthritis scoring system, that increases the breadth of arthritis characteristics captured during experimental arthritis and supports responsive and adaptive monitoring of disease progression in murine models of inflammatory arthritis.
In addition, we reference the wider ethical and experimental factors researchers should consider during the experimental design phase, with emphasis on the continued importance of replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal usage in arthritis research.
Vaccination barriers and drivers in Romania: a focused ethnographic study
Authors: Dube Eve , Pistol Adriana , Stanescu Aurora , Butu Cassandra , Guirguis Sherine , Motea Oana , Popescu Anca Elvira , Voivozeanu Alexandra , Grbic Miljana , Trottier Marie-Ève , Brewer Noel T , Leask Julie , Gellin Bruce , Habersaat Katrine Bach 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2016–18, a large measles outbreak occurred in Romania identified by pockets of sub-optimally vaccinated population groups in the country. The aim of the current study was to gain insight into barriers and drivers from the experience of measles vaccination from the perspectives of caregivers and their providers.MethodsData were collected by non-participant observation of vaccination consultations and individual interviews with health workers and caregivers in eight Romanian clinics with high or low measles vaccination uptake. Romanian stakeholders were involved in all steps of the study. The findings of this study were discussed during a workshop with key stakeholders.ResultsOver 400 h of observation and 161 interviews were conducted. A clear difference was found between clinics with high and low measles vaccination uptake which indicates that being aware of and following recommended practices for both vaccination service delivery and conveying vaccine recommendations to caregivers may have an impact on vaccine uptake. Barriers identified were related to shortcomings in following recommended practices for vaccination consultations by health workers (e.g. correctly assessing contraindications or providing enough information to allow an informed decision). These observations were largely confirmed in interviews with caregivers and revealed significant knowledge gaps.ConclusionsThe identification of key barriers provided an opportunity to design specific interventions to improve vaccination service delivery (e.g. mobile vaccination clinics, use of an electronic vaccination registry system for scheduling of appointments) and build capacity among health workers (e.g. guidance and supporting materials and training programmes).
A West German Civil Movement in the 1970s: Opposition to the kooperative Schule in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Choi Jae-Ho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study examines the popular petition of 1978 against the introduction of the kooperative Schule in Nordrhein-Westfalen. As a result of this campaign, reforms initiated by the SPD were halted. The reforms had been directed at the eventual introduction of a comprehensive school system, which would have replaced Germany’s traditional three-track school system. Previous studies have usually presented the popular petition as either a reactionary movement against the reform or a victory for conservatives, including the CDU. However, the opposition movement represented a wide range of public opinion, with supporters of the SPD also participating in the movement. Furthermore, when the introduction of the kooperative Schule was abandoned, no positive impact was seen on the CDU’s election results. The event marked a change in the political culture of West Germany, as a sign of a new trend. With greater democratization and modernization in the 1960s and 1970s, civil society became more politically active. Such a pattern promoted the political participation of the public in West German society. In addition, the change was linked to the development of Western civil movements characterized by autonomy and non-partisanship.
The Political Economy of Chinese Debt and International Monetary Fund Conditionality
Authors: Kern Andreas , Reinsberg Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Developing and emerging market economies have increased their debt exposure to China in recent years. Despite its initial promise, many borrowers of Chinese loans face difficulties in meeting these loan obligations. Under what circumstances do Chinese borrowers in debt distress turn to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? Our starting point is that Chinese loans are tied into projects that promise to generate sufficient revenue to repay these loans. We expect that governments turn to the IMF for bailout funding when a severe shock erodes the value of the underlying loan collateral, requiring mobilizing revenues and implementing austerity measures. Without alternative financing options, the IMF becomes the most viable option to weather financial distress. We expect governments to accept a ‘whatever-it-takes’ number of loan conditions. Using cross-country time-series analysis for up to 162 countries between 2000 and 2018, we show that defaults on Chinese debt trigger IMF programs only when a country experiences a severe adverse shock. Countries tapping the IMF also accept a greater number of loan conditions. From a policy perspective, current financial distress in borrowing countries underscores the urgency to design and deploy targeted governance reform measures beyond program safeguards and loan conditions to mitigate the built-up of macro-financial vulnerabilities, independent of where the money is coming from.
Gaps in antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Asia: a survey of 10 countries
Authors: Chang Feng-Yee , Chuang Yin Ching , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Tayzon Maria Fe , Kwa Andrea L , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Deris Zakuan Zainy , Amir Husin Suraya , Hashim Hazimah , Karuniawati Anis , Ahmed Altaf , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Nguyen Van Kinh , Dinh Thi Thu Huong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programme practices in Asian secondary- and tertiary-care hospitals.

Methods
AMS programme team members within 349 hospitals from 10 countries (Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) completed a questionnaire via a web-based survey link. The survey contained questions as to whether 12 core components deemed essential for AMS programmes were implemented.

Results
Overall, 47 (13.5%) hospitals fulfilled all core AMS programme components. There was a mean positive response rate (PRR) of 85.6% for the responding countries in relation to a formal hospital leadership statement of support for AMS activities, but this was not matched by budgeted financial support for AMS activities (mean PRR 57.1%). Mean PRRs were ≥80.0% for the core AMS team comprising a physician or other leader responsible for AMS activities, a pharmacist and infection control and microbiology personnel. Most hospitals had access to a timely and reliable microbiology service (mean PRR 90.4%). Facility-specific antibiotic treatment guidelines for common infections (mean PRR 78.7%) were in place more often than pre-authorization and/or prospective audit and feedback systems (mean PRR 66.5%). In terms of AMS monitoring and reporting, PRRs of monitoring specific antibiotic use, regularly publishing AMS outcome measures, and the existence of a hospital antibiogram were 75.1%, 64.4% and 77.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
Most hospitals participating in this survey did not have AMS programmes fulfilling the requirements for gold standard AMS programmes in hospital settings. Urgent action is required to address AMS funding and resourcing deficits.
Bar formation in submaximal discs: a challenge for ΛCDM
Authors: Kashfi Tahere , Roshan Mahmood , Famaey Benoit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Bar formation in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation remains challenging. It was previously shown that the fraction of barred galaxies at low stellar masses (M* &lt; 1010.5 M⊙) in TNG50 is too low compared to the observations. Here, we highlight another tension, also observed at higher stellar masses, namely that barred galaxies in TNG50 appear to be maximal discs, in the sense that the majority of the gravitational acceleration is accounted for by baryons at the peak radius of the baryonic rotation curve, while observations account for a substantial fraction of barred submaximal discs. In this letter, we compare the barred fraction of submaximal discs in the local Universe from the SPARC catalogue with that in the TNG50 simulation. We show that, although SPARC tends to select against barred galaxies, the fraction of barred submaximal discs in this data set is significantly larger than in TNG50. This result adds to the list of challenges related to predicting the right statistics and properties of barred galaxies in ΛCDM simulations of galaxy formation.
Esca grapevine disease involves leaf hydraulic failure and represents a unique premature senescence process
Authors: Bortolami Giovanni , Ferrer Nathalie , Baumgartner Kendra , Delzon Sylvain , Gramaje David , Lamarque Laurent J , Romanazzi Gianfranco , Gambetta Gregory A , Delmas Chloé E L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractXylem anatomy may change in response to environmental or biotic stresses. Vascular occlusion, an anatomical modification of mature xylem, contributes to plant resistance and susceptibility to different stresses. In woody organs, xylem occlusions have been examined as part of the senescence process, but their presence and function in leaves remain obscure. In grapevine, many stresses are associated with premature leaf senescence inducing discolorations and scorched tissue in leaves. However, we still do not know whether the leaf senescence process follows the same sequence of physiological events and whether leaf xylem anatomy is affected in similar ways. In this study, we quantified vascular occlusions in midribs from leaves with symptoms of the grapevine disease esca, magnesium deficiency and autumn senescence. We found higher amounts of vascular occlusions in leaves with esca symptoms (in 27% of xylem vessels on average), whereas the leaves with other symptoms (as well as the asymptomatic controls) had far fewer occlusions (in 3% of vessels). Therefore, we assessed the relationship between xylem occlusions and esca leaf symptoms in four different countries (California in the USA, France, Italy and Spain) and eight different cultivars. We monitored the plants over the course of the growing season, confirming that vascular occlusions do not evolve with symptom age. Finally, we investigated the hydraulic integrity of leaf xylem vessels by optical visualization of embolism propagation during dehydration. We found that the occlusions lead to hydraulic dysfunction mainly in the peripheral veins compared with the midribs in esca symptomatic leaves. These results open new perspectives on the role of vascular occlusions during the leaf senescence process, highlighting the uniqueness of esca leaf symptoms and its consequence on leaf physiology.
Utilization of the Pedicled and Free Fibula Flap for Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Gupta Rohun , Pfennig Mitchell , Gannon James , Young Devin , Gupta Monik , Chaiyasate Sean , Stieg Gretchen , Kissel Brian G. , Kissel Erik C. , Fortin Paul , Chaiyasate Kongkrit 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Ankle arthrodesis has become a common surgical procedure for individuals with end-stage ankle arthritis, chronic infection, and bony misalignment. Although arthrodesis is typically managed with arthrodesis in situ or realignment, reconstruction may be utilized for patients with more complicated cases that involve metatarsal defects. Our institution utilizes both the pedicled and free fibula flaps for surgical management pertaining to ankle arthrodesis. Our study looks to evaluate the work of a single plastic surgeon and identify patient postoperative outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted at Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, for patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis with a pedicled fibula flap for nonunion or avascular necrosis of the talus between the years 2014 and 2022. Demographic data, operative details, complications, medical comorbidities, and patient outcomes were retrospectively gathered and analyzed.

Results:
A total of six patients were isolated, with three patients undergoing a free fibula approach and three patients undergoing the pedicled fibula approach. All patients were found to have tolerated the procedure well and had no intraoperative complications. In addition, all patients had clinically viable flaps and were satisfied with their surgical result.

Conclusions:
Both free and pedicled free fibula flaps may be used effectively in the management of ankle arthrodesis in patients who have failed prior therapy. In our study, free fibula flaps were utilized in a medial approach, while the pedicled fibula flap was utilized in a lateral approach. With the right expertise and patient population, the free and pedicled fibula flaps can be highly successful in the repair of ankle defects.
Promoting a culture of reciprocity to build social capital in advanced practice nursing students
Authors: Goldin Deana , Sherman Dana , Roche Rosa 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
A virtual activity integrating the evidence-based Reciprocity Ring model was designed to enhance confidence and skills for building social capital for advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) students. The central objective of the activity was to reduce the stigma of asking for help by providing a framework for the balanced exchange of favors, thus supporting new connections and feelings of trust among APRN students. Students from two APRN practice tracks (N = 44) participated in a virtual Reciprocity Ring activity where they could post and respond to requests for help. On average, students posted 2.5 requests and received three offers for assistance; 220 connections were made overall with the major theme requests related to stress management. A retrospective survey was administered at the conclusion of the activity. Questions inquired about student confidence before, and then after, the activity for identifying resources, providing help to others, finding personal support when needed, accessing resources related to academic success, and finding solutions to problems. Student mean confidence scores were significantly higher after the activity compared with mean confidence scores before the activity (p = .01). Additionally, the effect size was large (Cohen d = 0.89). Therefore, we suggest that integrating Reciprocity Ring exercises into nursing curricula and practice can be a useful tool for promoting skills related to productive help-seeking that will support APRN students' academic and professional success.