bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of thermal aptitude of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from different altitude zones
Authors: El Amil Rola , Shykoff Jacqui A. , Vidal Tiphaine , Boixel Anne‐Lise , Leconte Marc , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Nazari Kumarse , de Vallavieille‐Pope Claude 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe worldwide spread of wheat yellow rust lineage PstS1/S2 adapted to higher temperatures prompted us to investigate how diverse temperature responses of this lineage are in the Middle East, where diversity was previously observed within this lineage for pathotypes and genotypes. Here we highlight the diversity of response to temperature within a PstS1/S2 population. Twenty‐six isolates from eight countries and different altitudes, which were tested under four combinations of cold and warm incubation and postincubation temperature conditions, showed diversity for infection efficiency (IE) and latency period (LP). IE of the various isolates ranged from 5.8% to 13.7% under cold (5°C) and 0.04% to 1% under warm (20°C) incubation temperatures. LP varied from 10.2 days under warm to 4.43 days under cold incubation. LP of isolates from the same country could differ by 2 days. Significant differences in thermal aptitudes of the isolates were observed between and within countries. IE and LP diversity was not related to altitude origin of the isolates on the whole; however, a trade‐off between IE and LP was observed for isolates from low altitude (<400 m) under a warm regime. We showed diversity for thermal aptitude for IE and LP of isolates belonging to the same PstS1/S2 lineage. Understanding Pst temperature aptitude among geographically distant isolates of the same clonal lineage may help to identify the geographic range of pathogens and also to improve forecast models or breeding programmes.
Lifestyle factors associated with muscle quality in community‐dwelling older people with type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuko , Greiner Chieko , Lee Shu‐Chun , Ryuno Hirochika , Yen Hsin‐Yen , Lin Chiou‐Fen , Lee Ting‐I , Lee Pi‐Hsia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), common in older people, is an important reason for muscle loss in Japanese and Taiwanese populations. However, little is known about the association between lifestyle behaviours and muscle quality. We aimed to compare the lifestyle behaviours of Japanese and Taiwanese older adults with T2DM and to the identify lifestyle factors associated with muscle quality.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among community‐dwelling individuals with T2DM aged ≥65 years in Taiwan and Japan. Totally, 114 Japanese and 226 Taiwanese participants were enrolled in the study. Outcomes were measured by blood biochemical examinations, body composition analyses and structured self‐reported questionnaires to assess lifestyle behaviours and muscle quality. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and muscle quality using SPSS version 27.0 with a statistical significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsJapanese subjects were more likely to be smokers and alcohol consumers, and they were less likely to have well‐balanced diets and engage in more physical activity as compared to Taiwanese subjects. The muscle quality in the Japanese subjects was significantly poorer than that in the Taiwanese subjects. Physical activity, dietary habits and smoking were associated with muscle quality, after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index.ConclusionsPhysical activity of insufficient intensity, unhealthy dietary habits and smoking could be risk factors for poor muscle quality. These findings can contribute to the development of effective strategies to improve muscle quality in community‐dwelling older Asian people with T2DM.
Continuity, change and contradictions in late steel‐based industrialization: The “global color line” in Trinidad and Tobago's postcolonial economy
Authors: Perry Keston K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper offers an alternative explanation of the performance of the steel industry in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). The steel industry emerged due to social mobilizations demanding changes to the colonial economy by investing natural resources in state‐led industrialization and welfare improvement. This investigation contends that the “resource curse” account that describes so‐called intrinsic social pathologies whereby postcolonial actors interfere with market freedom is misguided. A “resource curse” fundamentally offers a racialized conception of state corruption and incompetence within peripheralized economies. This study challenges this explanation showing how postcolonial arrangements reflect persistent colonial entanglements and contradictions, as resource dependence emerges from a long history of colonial exploitation and racialized subjugation within a global market predicated on a “global color line”. The T&T government's industrial effort was circumvented by both domestic and international economic and political pressures revealing a racial hierarchy and power asymmetries. Anti‐competitive sanctions from the (colonial) global economic powers United States and Europe, structural adjustment that maintained this system and improper dealing by foreign players were among these discriminatory practices. Similarly, elite behavior and political decisions reflecting (neo)‐colonial tendencies also undercut the sector's long‐term development. Together, these configurations reveal continuities, changes and contradictions within the island's postcolonial economic structure.
Virtual learning impacts communication and teamwork
Authors: Herriott Hannah L. , McNulty Margaret A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEssential interpersonal skills, such as teamwork and communication, are increasingly emphasised in the curricula of various health professions' programmes. A push towards virtual learning has gained traction following COVID‐19 online learning; however, the implications of this modality on the aforementioned skills remain unclear.ApproachMedical, physician assistant, physical therapy and occupational therapy students engaged in a four‐part educational intervention aimed at promoting interprofessional teamwork, communication and role knowledge during an anatomy course taught in‐person in 2019 and virtually in 2020. Students' perceptions of the intervention were explored through focus groups following each of these educational interventions using inductive coding.EvaluationA comparison of focus group and survey data collected in both years demonstrated less effective communication and teamwork. With respect to communication and teamwork in a virtual learning setting, the following subthemes were identified: Challenges ascribed to the virtual learning format, Feeling of missing out on in‐person experiences, Less engagement and accountability, Lack of bonding and teamwork, Feeling uncomfortable, as well as Added difficulty regarding Conversing, Ensuring inclusivity, Hesitation and Inadvertently domineering discussions. Communication challenges stemming from the virtual learning format were identified as the primary hindrance.ImplicationsTherefore, virtual learning may be less effective than in‐person with respect to cultivating communication and teamwork skills. In our context, and based on the evaluation, we have decided to assess the utility of virtual interactive sessions in the context of other activities in the curriculum to ensure in‐person opportunities are available for students to cultivate the necessary communication and teamwork skills.
Editor's Review and Introduction: Cognition‐Inspired Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Cassenti Daniel N. , Veksler Vladislav D. , Ritter Frank E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCognitive science has much to contribute to the general scientific body of knowledge, but it is also a field rife with possibilities for providing background research that can be leveraged by artificial intelligence (AI) developers. In this introduction, we briefly explore the history of AI. We particularly focus on the relationship between AI and cognitive science and introduce this special issue that promotes the method of inspiring AI development with the results of cognitive science research.
Apheresis for chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell production in adult lymphoma patients
Authors: Harrer Dennis Christoph , Heidenreich Martin , Fante Matthias Alexander , Müller Viktoria , Haehnel Viola , Offner Robert , Burkhardt Ralph , Herr Wolfgang , Edinger Matthias , Wolff Daniel , Thomas Simone , Brosig Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, in‐depth analysis of leukapheresis products as starting material for CAR T‐cell manufacturing, specifically Tisagenlecleucel production, are scarce. In this study, we report on lymphapheresis data for production of Tisagenlecleucel for elderly and pretreated lymphoma patients.Study Design and MethodsSpectra Optia from Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, was employed for apheresis using the cMNC program. Apheresis success was defined as meeting a target total nucleated cell (TNC) count of ≥2 × 109, a CD3‐positive lymphocyte count of ≥1 × 109 and an overall viability of ≥70% in the lymphapheresis product.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (age 37–77 years) and 24 apheresis runs were evaluated. The median CD3‐positive lymphocyte count in peripheral blood at the beginning of apheresis was 565 cells/μl (range: 70–1345 cells/μl). Circulating lymphoma cells were detected in one patient prior to apheresis. Target criteria were met in 21 of 23 patients. The median TNC count in the apheresate was 11.2 × 109 (range: 2.9 × 109–47.4 × 109). The median CD3‐positive lymphocyte count in the apheresate was 2.55 × 109 (range: 0.370 × 109–6.915 × 109), which resulted in a median collection efficiency for CD3‐positive lymphocytes of 63.7% (range: 9.56%–93.6%). No adverse events associated with the apheresis process were observed.ConclusionsLymphapheresis with the Spectra Optia cMNC program provided a sufficient quantity of CD3‐positive lymphocytes for CAR T‐cell manufacturing for the majority of patients despite their heavy pretreatment and advanced age. Moreover, we are the first to advocate early pre‐emptive lymphocyte collection in DLBCL‐NOS patients intended to undergo treatment with Tisagenlecleucel.
An Analytical Model for Pitch Moment Stiffness of Bolted Connections and Its Application in Ballscrew Bearing Support Block Selection
Authors: Harlalka Akshay D. , Slocum Alexander H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bolted joints are commonly used structural connections as they provide a strong secure joint along with ease of assembly/disassembly. While analytical models for the axial stiffness of bolted joints are well developed, models for moment (angular) stiffness of bolted structures, such as ball screw bearing support blocks, are needed to help engineers rapidly design more efficient precision machines. This paper develops a parametric moment stiffness model for bolted connections which is verified via numerical and experimental methods. Application of the model is illustrated with a ball screw system design spreadsheet, available in Supplemental Material on the ASME Digital Collection, applied to two case studies (machine tool linear axis and high-speed 3D printer) to show how predicting the moment stiffness of ball screw support bearing blocks helps in expanding the available design space and enhance the design performance.
A Short Survey for a Thermo-Ducted Kitchen Hood Wasted Heat Self-Powered
Authors: Arias Francisco J. , De las Heras Salvador 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this note, a brief survey is given to the possibility for a thermo-ducted kitchen hood where exhaust fan or other mechanical devices are no longer needed, and then, in addition, no sound is generated. The aim of this thermo-ducted kitchen hood is a device self-powered by its own wasted heat produced from the simmering or cooking process by re-injecting properly this heat at the top of the hood and then exacerbating an induced thermal convective loop able to extract moisture, odors, and oils generated.
Synthesis and characterisation of a cancerous liver for presurgical planning and training applications
Authors: Arm Richard , Shahidi Arash , Clarke Christopher , Alabraba Edward 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesOncology surgeons use animals and cadavers in training because of a lack of alternatives. The aim of this work was to develop a design methodology to create synthetic liver models familiar to surgeons, and to help plan, teach and rehearse patient-specific cancerous liver resection surgery.DesignSynthetic gels were selected and processed to recreate accurate anthropomorphic qualities. Organic and synthetic materials were mechanically tested with the same equipment and standards to determine physical properties like hardness, elastic modulus and viscoelasticity. Collected data were compared with published data on the human liver. Patient-specific CT data were segmented and reconstructed and additive manufactured models were made of the liver vasculature, parenchyma and lesion. Using toolmaking and dissolvable scaffolds, models were transformed into tactile duplicates that could mimic liver tissue behaviour.ResultsPorcine liver tissue hardness was found to be 23 H00 (±0.1) and synthetic liver was 10 H00 (±2.3), while human parenchyma was reported as 15.06 H00 (±2.64). Average elastic Young’s modulus of human liver was reported as 0.012 MPa, and synthetic liver was 0.012 MPa, but warmed porcine parenchyma was 0.28 MPa. The final liver model demonstrated a time-dependant viscoelastic response to cyclic loading.ConclusionSynthetic liver was better than porcine liver at recreating the mechanical properties of living human liver. Warmed porcine liver was more brittle, less extensible and stiffer than both human and synthetic tissues. Qualitative surgical assessment of the model by a consultant liver surgeon showed vasculature was explorable and that bimanual palpation, organ delivery, transposition and organ slumping were analogous to human liver behaviour.
Association of expedited review programmes with postmarketing safety events of new drugs approved by the US food and drug administration between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Zhu Xingyue , Liu Bao 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between the risks of postmarketing safety events of new drugs and the four expedited programmes of priority review, accelerated approval, fast track and breakthrough therapy established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and to investigate whether multiple uses of expedited programmes, and the combinations of expedited programmes with orphan designation, were relevant to different safety profiles.DesignCohort study.SettingUSA.ParticipantsAll new drugs approved by the FDA between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017, followed up until 10 April 2021.Outcome measuresSafety events included safety-related withdrawal, new boxed warning, drug safety communication, postapproval risk evaluation mitigation strategy and safety-related labelling changes. The duration from marketing approval to the occurrence of a safety event was measured.MethodCox models were performed to determine the factors related to the time-to-safety event.ResultsThe FDA approved 338 new drugs between 2007 and 2017, among which 53.6% (181) were under expedited review and 32.2% (109) received two or more expedited programmes. It took median time of 1.75 years (IQR 1.10–2.93) and 2.31 years (IQR 1.33–4.21), respectively, for new drugs to be observed of their first event and first serious event. The raised risk for first safety event was found to associate with breakthrough therapy (adjusted HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.77; p=0.004), and with the combination of accelerated approval with orphan designation (adjusted HR 2.84; 95% CI 1.12 to 7.23; p=0.028). Triple or more use of expedited programmes correlated with higher risk for first serious event (adjusted HR 4.16; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.22; p=0.002).ConclusionsThe increased risks of the breakthrough therapies, accelerated orphan drugs and triple or more use of expedited programmes indicated the necessity for intensive postmarketing risk surveillance.
Can screening for degenerative cervical myelopathy (SCREEN-DCM) be effectively undertaken based on signs, symptoms and known risk factors? Rationale and research protocol for a prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Nouri Aria , Molliqaj Granit , Gondar Renato , Lavé Alexandre , Jannelli Gianpaolo , Davies Benjamin , Kotter Mark , Martin Allan , Virojanapa Justin , Cheng Joseph S , Somma Teresa , Cappabianca Paolo , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L A , ter Wengel Valerie , Meling Torstein , Schaller Karl , Tessitore Enrico 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord impairment. Unfortunately, the condition remains poorly recognised and underdiagnosed. To better identify patients, screening tests that target individuals at high risk would be helpful. One group in particular known to have a high prevalence of DCM consists of patients with lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), with the combined presentation referred to as tandem stenosis. Given that LDD is one of the most common presentations in neurosurgical practice and primary care, it is the objective of the proposed study to administer a screening test to these patients as well as those with risk factors or symptoms which raise the suspicion of underlying DCM.Methods and analysisA screening test based on clinical signs/symptoms and known risk factors of DCM was designed. Screening will be performed in neurosurgical consultations for patients with LDD or those with any suspicion of myelopathy. Points are attributed based on the presence of signs/symptoms of DCM (eg, Hoffmann sign, hyper-reflexia) and for comorbidities that predispose or are frequently associated with cervical myelopathy (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome). Patients with ≥3 points undergo cervical MRI examination. Patients with positive MRIs will be consulted and receive assessment via modified Japanese Orthopedic Association and Neck Disability Index scores, and subsequent clinical management will be based on practice guidelines. An exploratory multivariate analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of this proposed screening test will be evaluated after positively screening 50 patients for DCM.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received research ethics approval from the Swiss Association of Research Ethics Committees (ID: 2020-02785). The results of this study will be disseminated in a journal targeting physicians commonly encountering patients with LDD.
Early risk assessment in paediatric and adult household contacts of confirmed tuberculosis cases by novel diagnostic tests (ERASE-TB): protocol for a prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal, multicountry cohort study
Authors: Marambire Edson Tawanda , Banze Denise , Mfinanga Alfred , Mutsvangwa Junior , Mbunda Theodora D , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Celso Khosa , Kallenius Gunilla , Calderwood Claire J , Geldmacher Christof , Held Kathrin , Appalarowthu Tejaswi , Rieß Friedrich , Panzner Ursula , Heinrich Norbert , Kranzer Katharina 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe WHO End-TB Strategy calls for the development of novel diagnostics to detect tuberculosis (TB) earlier and more accurately. Better diagnostics, together with tools to predict disease progression, are critical for achieving WHO End-TB targets. The Early Risk Assessment in TB Contacts by new diagnoStic tEsts (ERASE-TB) study aims to evaluate novel diagnostics and testing algorithms for early TB diagnosis and accurate prediction of disease progression among household contacts (HHCs) exposed to confirmed index cases in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA total of 2100 HHCs (aged ≥10 years) of adults with microbiologically-confirmed pulmonary TB will be recruited and followed up at 6-month intervals for 18–24 months. At each time point, a WHO symptom screen and digital chest radiograph (dCXR) will be performed, and blood and urine samples will be collected. Individuals screening positive (WHO symptom screen or dCXR) will be requested to provide sputum for Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra. At baseline, HHCs will also be screened for HIV, diabetes (HbA1c), chronic lung disease (spirometry), hypertension and anaemia. Study outcomes will be coprevalent TB (diagnosed at enrolment), incident TB (diagnosed during follow-up) or no TB at completion of follow-up. Novel diagnostics will be validated using fresh and biobanked samples with a nested case–control design. Cases are defined as HHCs diagnosed with TB (for early diagnosis) or with incident TB (for prediction of progression) and will be matched by age, sex and country to HHCs who remain healthy (controls). Statistical analyses will include assessment of diagnostic accuracy by constructing receiver operating curves and calculation of sensitivity and specificity.Ethics and disseminationERASE-TB has been approved by regulatory and ethical committees in each African country and by each partner organisation. Consent, with additional assent for participants <18 years, is voluntary. Attestation by impartial witnesses is sought in case of illiteracy. Confidentiality of participants is being maintained throughout. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals.Trial registration numberNCT04781257.Cite Now
Short- and long-term survival after ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with pharmacoinvasive versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kvakkestad Kristin , Gran Jon Michael , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveCompare survival in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with a pharmacoinvasive (PI) or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) strategy based on estimated time to PCI.DesignProspective observational cohort study. Consecutive STEMI patients were registered on admission to our PCI centre and classified in a PI or pPCI group, based on the reperfusion strategy chosen in the prehospital or local hospital location. Time and cause of death was provided by the Norwegian Cause of Death registry. Mortality at 30 days, Kaplan-Meier survival and incidence of cardiovascular (CV) death was estimated. Adjusted effect of PI versus pPCI strategy on survival was estimated using logistic and Cox regression and propensity score weighting.SettingSingle-centre registry in Norway during 2005–2011, within a regional STEMI network allocating patients to a PI strategy if estimated time to PCI >120 min.Primary outcomes30-day mortality and survival during follow-up.Secondary outcomeIncidence of CV death during follow-up.Results4061 STEMI patients <80 years were included, 527 (13%) treated with a PI strategy and 3534 (87%) with a pPCI strategy. Median symptom-to-needle time was 110 min (25–75th percentile 75–163) in the PI group vs symptom-to-balloon 230 min (149–435) in the pPCI group. 30-day mortality was 3.2% and 5.0% in the PI and pPCI groups (ORadjusted0.58 (95% CI 0.30 to 1.13)) and 8-year survival was 85.9% (95% CI 80.9% to 89.6%) and 79.3% (95% CI 76.9% to 81.6%), respectively (HRadjusted 0.72 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.99)). Unadjusted incidence of 8-year CV death was 7.0% (95% CI 4.4% to 10.4%) in the PI group vs 12.4% (95% CI 9.9% to 15.2%) in the pPCI group. Adjusted long-term CV death was also lower in the PI group.ConclusionSTEMI patients treated with a PI strategy experienced better survival compared with a pPCI strategy, also when adjusting for baseline characteristics. This supports using a PI strategy for eligible STEMI patients when pPCI cannot be performed within 120 min.