bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Au-rich sulfide liquid saturation explains the low Au endowment of continental intraplate alkaline magmas
Authors: Rottier Bertrand , Chelle-Michou Cyril , Casanova Vincent , Pastore Camille , Tollan Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alkaline magmatic systems formed in intraplate settings have a low Au endowment, contrasting with the high Au fertility of alkaline magmatic systems in arc and rift settings, which host numerous Au-rich porphyries and Cu-Au and Au-Ag epithermal deposits. Among other factors, the Au fertility of a magmatic system is determined by the Au concentration of the ore-forming magma, which is strongly controlled by the amount and chemistry of magmatic sulfides that fractionated during magma differentiation. To better explore the factors controlling the low Au endowment of alkaline magmatic systems formed in intraplate settings, we studied magmatic sulfide and silicate melt inclusions hosted in various phenocrysts from the Mont-Dore Massif (France). The magmatic system was saturated with Cu-poor, Au-rich sulfide liquid during its differentiation from basanite to trachyandesite, leading to a strong depletion of both Cu and Au in the residual melt. This presumably reduced the capacity of the magmatic system to form Au-rich magmatic-hydrothermal deposits. Such evolution contrasts with previous studies conducted in sulfide-saturated magmatic systems formed in arc settings, where an Au-poor monosulfide solid solution was the main sulfide phase to crystallize, only marginally affecting the Au budget of those systems. We conclude that the observed saturation of Au-rich sulfide liquid during evolution of the studied volcanic products could explain the low Au endowment of intraplate alkaline magmatic systems.
The environment dependent dilaton in the laboratory and the solar system
Authors: Brax Philippe , Fischer Hauke , Käding Christian , Pitschmann Mario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider the environment-dependent dilaton in the laboratory and the solar system and derive approximate analytical solutions to the field theory equations of motion in the presence of a one or two mirror system or a sphere. The solutions obtained herein can be applied toqBOUNCE experiments, neutron interferometry and for the calculation of the dilaton field induced “Casimir force” in theCannexexperiment as well as for Lunar Laser Ranging. They are typical of the Damour–Polyakov screening mechanism whereby deviations from General Relativity are suppressed by a vanishingly small direct coupling of the dilaton to matter in dense environments. We specifically focus on dilaton models which are compatible with the late time acceleration of the expansion of the Universe, i.e. the cosmological dilaton. We show how future laboratory experiments will essentially test a region of parameter space with$$A_2\simeq \lambda ^2$$A2≃λ2where$$A_2$$A2is the quadratic coupling strength of the dilaton to matter and$$\lambda $$λis the steepness of the exponential runaway potential. Current constraints favour the large$$A_2$$A2regime implying that the environment-dependent dilaton satisfies two of the swampland conjectures, i.e. the distance conjecture whereby the field excursion should not exceed the Planck scale and the de Sitter conjecture specifying that the running dilaton potential should be steep enough with a large$$\lambda $$λ.
Superradiant instability of dyonic Reissner–Nordström black holes
Authors: Myung Yun Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate the superradiant instability of dyonic Reissner–Nordström (dRN) black holes with two charges under an electrically charged massive scalar perturbation. Two conditions for possessing a trapping well are obtained from analyzing asymptotic scalar potential and far-region wave functions. It is clear that the superradiant instability is not allowed in the dRN black holes because the conditions for a trapping well are not compatible with the superradiance condition.
Up with data science, and the first programmer
Authors: Hazzan Orit , Mike Koby , Bruderer Herbert 
Published: October 2022

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Orit Hazzan and Koby Mike suggest a more focused approach to teaching machine learning, while Herbert Bruderer considers the identity of the first programmer.
Guidelines for assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias in small animals
Authors: Ripplinger Crystal M. , Glukhov Alexey V. , Kay Matthew W. , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Chiamvimonvat Nipavan , Delisle Brian P. , Fabritz Larissa , Hund Thomas J. , Knollmann Bjorn C. , Li Na , Murray Katherine T. , Poelzing Steven , Quinn T. Alexander , Remme Carol Ann , Rentschler Stacey L. , Rose Robert A. , Posnack Nikki G. 
Published: October 2022

Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), are contributing to our understanding of electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms, preclinical animal studies of cardiovascular disease remain a mainstay. Over the past several decades, animal models of cardiovascular disease have advanced our understanding of pathological remodeling, arrhythmia mechanisms, and drug effects and have led to major improvements in pacing and defibrillation therapies. There exist a variety of methodological approaches for the assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and a plethora of parameters may be assessed with each approach. This guidelines article will provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of several common techniques used to assess electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms at the whole animal, whole heart, and tissue level with a focus on small animal models. We also define key electrophysiological parameters that should be assessed, along with their physiological underpinnings, and the best methods with which to assess these parameters. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-cardiac-electrophysiology/ .
A Molecular Switch between Mammalian MLL Complexes Dictates Response to Menin–MLL Inhibition
Authors: Soto-Feliciano Yadira M. , Sánchez-Rivera Francisco J. , Perner Florian , Barrows Douglas W. , Kastenhuber Edward R. , Ho Yu-Jui , Carroll Thomas , Xiong Yijun , Anand Disha , Soshnev Alexey A. , Gates Leah , Beytagh Mary Clare , Cheon David , Gu Shengqing , Liu X. Shirley , Krivtsov Andrei V. , Meneses Maximiliano , de Stanchina Elisa , Stone Richard M. , Armstrong Scott A. , Lowe Scott W. , Allis C. David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Menin interacts with oncogenic MLL1-fusion proteins, and small molecules that disrupt these associations are in clinical trials for leukemia treatment. By integrating chromatin-focused and genome-wide CRISPR screens with genetic, pharmacologic, and biochemical approaches, we discovered a conserved molecular switch between the MLL1–Menin and MLL3/4–UTX chromatin-modifying complexes that dictates response to Menin–MLL inhibitors. MLL1–Menin safeguards leukemia survival by impeding the binding of the MLL3/4–UTX complex at a subset of target gene promoters. Disrupting the Menin–MLL1 interaction triggers UTX-dependent transcriptional activation of a tumor-suppressive program that dictates therapeutic responses in murine and human leukemia. Therapeutic reactivation of this program using CDK4/6 inhibitors mitigates treatment resistance in leukemia cells that are insensitive to Menin inhibitors. These findings shed light on novel functions of evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mediators like MLL1–Menin and MLL3/4–UTX and are relevant to understand and target molecular pathways determining therapeutic responses in ongoing clinical trials.

Significance:
Menin–MLL inhibitors silence a canonical HOX- and MEIS1-dependent oncogenic gene expression program in leukemia. We discovered a parallel, noncanonical transcriptional program involving tumor suppressor genes that are repressed in Menin–MLL inhibitor–resistant leukemia cells but that can be reactivated upon combinatorial treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors to augment therapy responses.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Osimertinib + Savolitinib to Overcome Acquired MET-Mediated Resistance in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutated, MET-Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: TATTON
Authors: Hartmaier Ryan J. , Markovets Aleksandra A. , Ahn Myung Ju , Sequist Lecia V. , Han Ji-Youn , Cho Byoung Chul , Yu Helena A. , Kim Sang-We , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Lee Jong-Seok , Su Wu-Chou , Kowalski Dariusz M. , Orlov Sergey , Ren Song , Frewer Paul , Ou Xiaoling , Cross Darren A.E. , Kurian Nisha , Cantarini Mireille , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

MET-inhibitor and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) combination therapy could overcome acquired MET-mediated osimertinib resistance. We present the final phase Ib TATTON (NCT02143466) analysis (Part B, n = 138/Part D, n = 42) assessing oral savolitinib 600 mg/300 mg once daily (q.d.) + osimertinib 80 mg q.d. in patients with MET-amplified, EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and progression on prior EGFR-TKI. An acceptable safety profile was observed. In Parts B and D, respectively, objective response rates were 33% to 67% and 62%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.5 to 11.1 months and 9.0 months. Increased antitumor activity may occur with MET copy number ≥10. EGFRm circulating tumor DNA clearance on treatment predicted longer PFS in patients with detectable baseline ctDNA, while acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib + savolitinib were mediated by MET, EGFR, or KRAS alterations.

Significance:
The savolitinib + osimertinib combination represents a promising therapy in patients with MET-amplified/overexpressed, EGFRm advanced NSCLC with disease progression on a prior EGFR-TKI. Acquired resistance mechanisms to this combination include those via MET, EGFR, and KRAS. On-treatment ctDNA dynamics can predict clinical outcomes and may provide an opportunity to inform earlier decision-making.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Enhancing the Antitumor Immunity of T Cells by Engineering the Lipid-Regulatory Site of the TCR/CD3 Complex
Authors: Liang Wenhua , Yi Ruirong , Wang Weifang , Shi Yiwei , Zhang Jiqin , Xu Xiang , Wang Qingcan , Liu Mingyao , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) by a specific peptide–MHC ligand initiates transmembrane signaling to induce T-cell activation, a key step in most adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have indicated that TCR signaling is tightly regulated by cholesterol and its sulfate metabolite, cholesterol sulfate (CS), on the membrane. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which CS modulates TCR signaling through a conformational change of CD3 subunits. We found that the negatively charged CS interacted with the positively charged cytoplasmic domain of CD3ε (CD3εCD) to enhance its binding to the cell membrane and induce a stable secondary structure. This secondary structure suppressed the release of CD3εCD from the membrane in the presence of Ca2+, which in turn inhibited TCR phosphorylation and signaling. When a point mutation (I/A) was introduced to the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (YxxI-x6–8-YxxL) of CD3ε subunit, it reduced the stability of the secondary structure and regained sensitivity to Ca2+, which abolished CS-mediated inhibition and enhanced the signaling of the TCR complex. Notably, the I/A mutation could be applied to both murine and human TCR-T cell therapy to improve the antitumor efficacy. Our study reveals insights into the regulatory mechanism of TCR signaling and provides a strategy to functionally engineer the TCR/CD3 complex for T cell–based cancer immunotherapy.
Curing the SICK and Other NLI Maladies
Authors: Kalouli Aikaterini-Lida , Hu Hai , Webb Alexander F. , Moss Lawrence S. , de Paiva Valeria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of the ever-improving Natural Language Inference (NLI) models, recent efforts have focused on the suitability of the current NLI datasets and on the feasibility of the NLI task as it is currently approached. Many of the recent studies have exposed the inherent human disagreements of the inference task and have proposed a shift from categorical labels to human subjective probability assessments, capturing human uncertainty. In this work, we show how neither the current task formulation nor the proposed uncertainty gradient are entirely suitable for solving the NLI challenges. Instead, we propose an ordered sense space annotation, which distinguishes between logical and common-sense inference. One end of the space captures non-sensical inferences, while the other end represents strictly logical scenarios. In the middle of the space, we find a continuum of common-sense, namely, the subjective and graded opinion of a “person on the street.” To arrive at the proposed annotation scheme, we perform a careful investigation of the SICK corpus and we create a taxonomy of annotation issues and guidelines. We re-annotate the corpus with the proposed annotation scheme, utilizing four symbolic inference systems, and then perform a thorough evaluation of the scheme by fine-tuning and testing commonly used pre-trained language models on the re-annotated SICK within various settings. We also pioneer a crowd annotation of a small portion of the MultiNLI corpus, showcasing that it is possible to adapt our scheme for annotation by non-experts on another NLI corpus. Our work shows the efficiency and benefits of the proposed mechanism and opens the way for a careful NLI task refinement.
Hacking Hearts: Establishing a Dialogue in Art/Science Education
Authors: Nohara Kayoko , Marenko Betti , Salani Giorgio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses Hacking Hearts, a transdisciplinary educational collaboration between the art school Central Saint Martins (U.K.) and a science and engineering university, the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan). The concept of performativity—which was brought into the construction of the workshop setting—is used to explain the mechanisms of interaction across disciplinary boundaries commonly accepted in these institutions and academic areas. The collaboration transformed performative elements into a resource by creating an educational environment that enabled communication through encounters “on stage” between research scientists and art/design students. The discussion is situated within a growing literature on art/science education and offers lessons for establishing collaborative workshops between diverse participants.
Language and the Cerebellum: Structural Connectivity to the Eloquent Brain
Authors: Jobson Katie R. , Hoffman Linda J. , Metoki Athanasia , Popal Haroon , Dick Anthony S. , Reilly Jamie , Olson Ingrid R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neurobiological models of receptive language have focused on the left-hemisphere perisylvian cortex with the assumption that the cerebellum supports peri-linguistic cognitive processes such as verbal working memory. The goal of this study was to identify language-sensitive regions of the cerebellum then map the structural connectivity profile of these regions. Functional imaging data and diffusion-weighted imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) were analyzed. We found that (a) working memory, motor activity, and language comprehension activated partially overlapping but mostly unique subregions of the cerebellum; (b) the linguistic portion of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit was more extensive than the linguistic portion of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract; (c) there was a frontal-lobe bias in the connectivity from the cerebellum to the cerebrum; (d) there was some degree of specificity; and (e) for some cerebellar tracts, individual differences in picture identification ability covaried with fractional anisotropy metrics. These findings yield insights into the structural connectivity of the cerebellum as relates to the uniquely human process of language comprehension.
Getting BART to Ride the Idiomatic Train: Learning to Represent Idiomatic Expressions
Authors: Zeng Ziheng , Bhat Suma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdiomatic expressions (IEs), characterized by their non-compositionality, are an important part of natural language. They have been a classical challenge to NLP, including pre-trained language models that drive today’s state-of-the-art. Prior work has identified deficiencies in their contextualized representation stemming from the underlying compositional paradigm of representation. In this work, we take a first-principles approach to build idiomaticity into BART using an adapter as a lightweight non-compositional language expert trained on idiomatic sentences. The improved capability over baselines (e.g., BART) is seen via intrinsic and extrinsic methods, where idiom embeddings score 0.19 points higher in homogeneity score for embedding clustering, and up to 25% higher sequence accuracy on the idiom processing tasks of IE sense disambiguation and span detection.
Interannual Variability of the Australian Summer Monsoon Sustained through Internal Processes: Wind–Evaporation Feedback, Dynamical Air–Sea Interaction, and Soil Moisture Memory
Authors: Sekizawa Shion , Nakamura Hisashi , Kosaka Yu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In northern Australia (NAUS), mean rainfall during the Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) season exhibits distinct interannual variability despite weak influence from tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability. The present study investigates mechanisms for the strong and persistent rainfall anomalies throughout the AUSM season. When the AUSM is stronger than normal, the low-level monsoonal circulation intensifies in response to the stronger convective activity over NAUS. The intensified surface westerlies over the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) enhance oceanic evaporation locally and downstream moisture transport into NAUS. This wind–evaporation feedback is verified through a moist static energy budget analysis. For this feedback to work effectively, SST cooling due to the stronger AUSM should be weak enough not to suppress the oceanic evaporation in the tropical SEIO. Our mixed layer heat budget analysis based on an ocean model hindcast experiment reveals that anomalous downwelling in the subsurface SEIO, which is induced dynamically by the intensified monsoon westerlies, partially offsets the SST cooling. The land surface evaporation over the continental inland area is also enhanced significantly in the middle and later portions of the monsoon season associated with increased soil moisture, suggesting its memory effect for the persistence of rainfall anomalies. The AUSM variability can therefore be regarded as a self-sustaining internal variability in the atmosphere–ocean–land surface coupled system, rather than just an atmospheric internal variability.

Significance Statement
We aim to understand why summer monsoon rainfall in northern Australia varies markedly from one year to another even under the weak influence of large-scale sea surface temperature fluctuations, such as El Niño/La Niña. Our analyses based mainly on observational datasets reveal that wind-induced changes in oceanic evaporation south of Java significantly modulates the water vapor transport into northern Australia. We also find that ocean dynamics helps this wind–evaporation feedback process and continental soil moisture may act to prolong anomalous rainfall by its memory effect. This study shows the self-sustaining nature of the Australian summer monsoon variability under the atmosphere–ocean–land surface interactions, which deepens our understandings of the monsoon system.
Anthropogenic Influence on Temperature Change in China over the Period 1901–2018
Authors: Yin Hong , Sun Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Human influence on regional warming since 1901 has received little attention because of limited data during the early period. This study investigates the relative contribution of different external forcings to observed annual, summer, and winter warming in China over the period 1901–2018. First, four observational datasets were compared to validate data representativeness, particularly during the early twentieth century. Observed temperature changes were then compared with outputs from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) based on an optimal fingerprinting method. Generally, both generations of climate models were able to reliably reproduce long-term warming in China over the period 1901–2018; however, they slightly underestimate the amplitude of annual and winter temperature increases. The observed annual warming of 1.54°C from 1901 to 2018 was more rapid than the global mean and was mostly attributable to the anthropogenic forcing signal. The three-signal detection analyses, including greenhouse gas (GHG), anthropogenic aerosol (AA), and natural external (NAT) forcings, indicated the detectable and distinct influence of GHG and AA signals on annual, summer, and winter temperatures during 1901–2018. For annual mean temperature, the GHG and AA contributed to 2.06°C (from 1.58° to 2.54°C) and −0.45°C (from −0.17° to −0.73°C) of observed change, respectively. The GHG signal was detectable from individual CMIP6 models and thus was indicative of the robustness of this influence. While during 1951–2018, GHG and AA were simultaneously detected in the summer temperatures based on the CMIP6 models; here, the AA cooling effects offset approximately 25% of GHG-induced warming.