bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing influencing factors to scale up agroforestry systems in Colombia: A comparative ex-ante assessment of cacao farming and cattle ranching in two regions
Authors: Rodríguez Tatiana , Bonatti Michelle , Löhr Katharina , Lana Marcos , Del Río Martha , Sieber Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgroforestry systems (AFS) are proved to enhance sustainable land management. Thus, there is increasing demand for effective ways to scale up AFS so that more people can benefit. Consequently, this study assesses the scaling-up potential of agroforestry systems (AFS) using cacao farming and cattle ranching in Caquetá and Cesar, Colombia, as examples. An ex-ante assessment using the ScalA tool is conducted through interviews with AFS experts from institutions promoting AFS. Using a comparative approach, results reveal that AFS have different scaling-up potential depending on the type of farming system and location characteristics. In our case, it is slightly higher for cacao farming than for cattle ranching in both regions and it is higher in Caquetá than in Cesar for both systems. Factors hindering the scaling-up potential for both regions are economic conditions at the local and regional levels since there is a lack of stable and differentiated markets to absorb AFS products. In contrast, the scaling-up potential in both regions is increased by the factors related to the capacity of the organizations that promote AFS and the attitudes of local communities toward them. The study generates information about factors that may hinder or foster AFS scaling-up, including not just the capacities and mechanisms to promote them but also the enabling conditions. This contributes to prioritizing AFS interventions and better allocating their resources to increase their chances of successful scaling-up.
Participatory plant breeding reveals that geosmin concentration is not the central determinant of hedonic liking in table beet
Authors: Hanson Solveig J. , Dawson Julie C. , Goldman Irwin L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractParticipatory plant breeding and rapid sensory evaluation are effective techniques for organic cultivar development. Table beet is an important crop for organic growers, and geosmin, a volatile compound which confers earthy aroma, has been suggested as the attribute around which hedonic liking of beet is organized. Open pollinated table beet populations with diverse pigmentation and low (LGC) or high (HGC) geosmin concentration served as starting materials for the first PPB effort in table beet. This project sought to develop consumer-accepted specialty beet cultivars for organic systems and to gauge consumer perception of and preference for geosmin concentration in non-laboratory conditions. LGC and HGC initial populations were significantly different in mean geosmin concentration but not mean TDS. LGC populations diverged significantly in geosmin concentration over two cycles of selection for hedonic liking, due to drift rather than selection. PPB yielded cultivars ‘Evansville Ember’, ‘Snowglobe’, ‘Blushing Not Bashful’, ‘Evansville Orbit’, and ‘Moving Target’. Cultivar novelty and market development were strengthened by chef input and association with a publicly funded seed system development group. Geosmin concentration was not the central determinant of hedonic liking or perceived earthy flavor in table beet. Earthiness was inconsistently associated with geosmin concentration and hedonic liking. Sweetness and bitterness were positively and negatively correlated with liking, respectively, although sweetness was not associated with variation in TDS. Cultivars with a broad range of geosmin concentration were well accepted by consumers, and manipulating expectation—via appearance—may be as powerful as manipulating flavor compounds in influencing liking of table beet.
Investigating the Foraging, Guarding and Drifting Behaviors of Commercial Bombus terrestris
Authors: MacKenzie Ellen L , Goulson Dave , Rotheray Ellen L 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial insects have high levels of cooperation and division of labor. In bumble bees this is partly size-based, with larger bees performing tasks outside the nest and smaller bees remaining inside, although bumble bees still display considerable behavioral plasticity. The level of specialization in tasks outside the colony, including foraging, guarding and drifting (entering a foreign colony), is currently unknown for bumble bees. This study aimed to assess division of labor between outside tasks and the degree of specialization in foraging, guarding, and switching colonies in commercially reared bumble bees placed in the field. Nine factory-boughtBombus terrestriscolonies were placed on three farms in Sussex, UK, between June and August 2015. Forty workers from each colony were radio-tagged and a reader on the colony entrance recorded the date, time and bee ID as they passed. The length and frequency of foraging trips and guarding behavior were calculated, and drifting recorded. The mean (±SD) length of foraging trips was 45 ± 36 min, and the mean number of foraging trips per day was 7.75 ± 7.71. Low levels of specialization in guarding or foraging behavior were found; however, some bees appeared to guard more frequently than others, and twenty bees were categorized as guards. Five bees appeared to exhibit repeated “stealing” behavior, which may have been a specialist task. The division of labor between tasks was not size-based. It is concluded that commercial bumble bees are flexible in performing outside nest tasks and may have diverse foraging strategies including intra-specific nest robbing.
Self-control, Mental Health Problems, and Family Functioning in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Between-person Differences and Within-person Effects
Authors: Kim Yugyun , Richards Jennifer S. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdolescents’ self-control develops in the context of mental health and family functioning, but it is unclear how the interplay of self-control, mental health, and family functioning unfolds across time within individuals. Separating within-person from between-person effects, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were applied to adolescents (from ages 11 to 26) from a Dutch cohort (n = 2228, 51% female). Adolescents with low self-control were likely to have mental health problems and poorly functioning families. Although within-person changes in the study variables were not meaningfully associated in a reciprocal manner, changes in self-control and mental health were concurrently associated. This suggests that besides stable connections between self-control, mental health, and family functioning in adolescence and young adulthood, changes in self-control and mental health are developmentally linked as well.
Local stability of ground states in locally gapped and weakly interacting quantum spin systems
Authors: Henheik Joscha , Teufel Stefan , Wessel Tom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on a result by Yarotsky (J Stat Phys 118, 2005), we prove that localized but otherwise arbitrary perturbations of weakly interacting quantum spin systems with uniformly gapped on-site terms change the ground state of such a system only locally, even if they close the spectral gap. We call this astrong versionof thelocal perturbations perturb locally(LPPL) principle which is known to hold for much more general gapped systems, but only for perturbations that do not close the spectral gap of the Hamiltonian. We also extend this strong LPPL-principle to Hamiltonians that have the appropriate structure of gapped on-site terms and weak interactions only locally in some region of space. While our results are technically corollaries to a theorem of Yarotsky, we expect that the paradigm of systems with a locally gapped ground state that is completely insensitive to the form of the Hamiltonian elsewhere extends to other situations and has important physical consequences.
La connotación en la invención léxica cadia cuento «La Cadia» de Elisa Chimenti
Authors: Torres Calzada María Katjia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyses, from the perspective of lexicological research proposed by Georges Matoré (1948), the witness-word included in the title of the short story «LaCadia». The starting hypothesis is that the linguistic signcadia, as a lexical invention derived from the Arabic legal term and the keywordqāḍin(qadi), has a communicative function of epigraph, typical of the discursive superstructure of the medieval Arabic and Islamickhabarthat the author applies, as a traditional vehicle for transmitting the legitimizing role of Islam. We conclude by verifying the hypothesis thatcadiaconnotes the institutionalization of male authority in Islam, at the expense of the inferior status of women.
Towards a Better Understanding of the Post-Gastric Behavior of Enteric-Coated Formulations
Authors: Katona Miklós Tamás , Kakuk Melinda , Szabó Réka , Tonka-Nagy Péter , Takács-Novák Krisztina , Borbás Enikő 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our work was to develop a biorelevant dissolution method for a better understanding of the in vivo performance of delayed-release tablet formulations.

Methods
The typical pH profile and residence times in the stomach and small intestine were determined in fasted conditions based on the published results of swallowable monitoring devices. Then, a multi-stage pH shift dissolution method was developed by adding different amounts of phosphate-based buffer solutions to the initial hydrochloric acid solution. Because of the highly variable in vivo residence times in the stomach, two alternatives of the method were applied, modeling rapid and slow gastric emptying as well. This approach provided an opportunity to study the effect of the acidic treatment on post gastric release. Six enteric-coated low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) formulations including the reference Aspirin Protect were tested as a model compound. Moreover, the thickness of the coating of each formulation was investigated by scanning electron microscope.

Results
Comparing the in vitro results to the known properties of the formulations, the new method was found to be more discriminative than the USP dissolution method. Ingredients affecting the in vitro dissolution, and thus probably the in vivo performance, were identified in both the tablet core and the coating of the tested formulations. The limited available in vivo data also indicated an increased predictivity.

Conclusion
Overall, the presented method may be an efficient tool to support the development of enteric coated generic formulations.

Graphical abstract
Migration of dual-earner couples: a subjective wellbeing approach
Authors: Tam Diana , Grimes Arthur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe model push factors that determine the domestic migration decisions for couples, with emphasis on dual-earner different-sex couples. Unlike many prior studies that concentrate on labour market determinants of migration, we place the subjective well-being (SWB) reported by each partner at centre stage. We test whether migration determinants differ depending on whether the female is the main breadwinner in a dual-earner couple. We also test if determinants differ when either the female or the male is the sole earner within a couple. The evidence shows that a couple is more likely to migrate if she reports low SWB in the year prior to migration, with the strength of this effect varying depending on the earnings status of each partner prior to migration. Male SWB does not have the same impact on the migration choice although we find some evidence that pre-migration male wages impact the migration decision.
The relationship between sexual and gender stigma and difficulty accessing primary and mental healthcare services among LGBTQI+ populations in Thailand: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Moallef Soroush , Salway Travis , Phanuphak Nittaya , Kivioja Katri , Pongruengphant Suparnee , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTSexual and gender stigma is a known contributor to population health inequities; however, its impact on healthcare access among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in Thailand is understudied. Therefore, we sought to examine the level of SGM stigma and its impact on self-reported difficulty accessing primary and mental healthcare services among a nationally recruited sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQI+) people in Thailand. A previously validated sexual stigma scale was adapted to ascertain perceived and enacted SGM stigma. Between January and March 2018, 1,350 LGBTQI+ participants completed the online survey, and the median age was 27 (Quartile 1, 3: 23, 33) years. In total, 169 (12.5%) and 269 (19.9%) reported difficulty accessing primary and mental healthcare and 365 (27.0%) reported actively concealing their gender expression to access care. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, experiences of enacted stigma were independently associated with difficulty accessing primary healthcare (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.35; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.11 – 1.63) and mental healthcare (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.48), while experiences of perceived stigma were independently associated with difficulty accessing mental healthcare only (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.34). Our findings call for multi-level interventions to decrease SGM stigma and improve healthcare access among SGM in Thailand.
Sarcopenia: how to measure, when and why
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Bignotti Bianca , Torri Lorenzo , Rossi Federica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSarcopenia indicates a loss of skeletal muscle mass, a condition that leads to a decline in physical performance. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People met to update the original definition of sarcopenia: New scientific and clinical insights were introduced to emphasize the importance of muscle strength loss as a prime indicator of probable sarcopenia. In addition, the skeletal muscle is not only the organ related to mobility, but it is recognized as a secondary secretory organ too, with endocrine functions influencing several systems and preserving health. In this perspective, radiology could have a major role in early detection of sarcopenia and guarantee improvement in its treatment in clinical practice. We present here an update of clinical knowledge about sarcopenia and advantages and limitations of radiological evaluation of sarcopenia focusing on major body composition imaging modalities such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and MRI. In addition, we discuss controversial such as the lack of consensus or standardization, different measurement methods, and diagnostic radiological cutoff points. Sarcopenia evaluation with radiological methods could enhance the role of radiologist in performing studies with relevant impact on medical and social outcome, placing radiology at the pinnacle of quality in evidence-based practice with high-level studies.
Improvement of Tool Steel Powder Cold Sprayability Via Softening and Agglomeration Heat Treatments
Authors: Poirier D. , Thomas Y. , Guerreiro B. , Martin M. , Aghasibeig M. , Irissou E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCold spray can produce deposits from a broad range of materials but reports on cold spray of steels are still limited to the few steel families demonstrating high ductility and medium strength. Softening and agglomeration of steel powders via heat treatment in a rotary tube furnace were investigated as promising ways to improve H13 tool steel powder cold sprayability. By adjusting starting powder size, as well as heat treatment conditions (maximum temperature, cooling rate and heat treatment atmosphere), cold spray of H13 powder improved from virtually no deposition to the production of dense, sound and thick deposits with a powder deposition efficiency of 70%. Powder agglomeration, surface state, microstructure evolution and softening are identified as key factors determining the powder deposition efficiency and resulting deposit microstructure. The developed powder modification method has the potential to facilitate the cold spray of all steels subjected to martensitic transformation.
Trends of Overweight and Obesity in Male Adolescents: Prevalence, Socioeconomic Status, and Impact on Cardiovascular Risk in a Central European Country
Authors: Gensthaler Lisa , Felsenreich Daniel M. , Jedamzik Julia , Eichelter Jakob , Nixdorf Larissa , Bichler Christoph , Krebs Michael , Itariu Bianca , Langer Felix B. , Prager Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity is one of the most important health-related problems of the twenty-first century. Data on its prevalence in Austria remain scarce. Aim of this study was to determine current trends of overweight and obesity, associated comorbidities and socioeconomic status in all 18-year-old male Austrian citizens, and its potential impact on the demand for bariatric surgery in the future.MethodsData from compulsory military conscription examinations in all 18-year-old males from 2003 to 2018 were obtained from the Federal ministry of Defense’s database. Measurements of height, weight, and subsequent body mass index (BMI) calculations in 874, 220 adolescents were subdivided into yearly cohorts. Comorbidities, educational status, and nicotine abuse were evaluated.ResultsMean BMI increased from 22.0 ± 3.95 kg/m2in 2003 to 22.8 ± 4.69 kg/m2in 2018 (p < 0.001). Overweight and obesity °I–III increased from 15.3%, 4.2%, 1.2%, and 0.4% (2003) to 20.4%, 7.1%, 2.5%, and 0.8% (2018), respectively. Cardiovascular risk, reflected by the waist-to-height ratio, increased significantly over time (p < 0.0001). Additionally, data showed a significant association of nicotine abuse in overweight or obese adolescents (p < 0.0001). Significantly less adolescents with obesity graduated from high school (p < 0.0001). Overall, 25.7% of adolescents with obesity were considered ineligible for military service.ConclusionsBMI and cardiovascular risk steadily increased over the last 15 years in Austrian male adolescents. A significant shift from normal weight to overweight was observed, while higher obesity classes doubled over this observational period. This study also revealed a significant association of BMI and lower educational status.Graphical AbstractTrends of overweight and obesity in male adolescents: prevalence, socio-economic status and impact on cardiovascular risk in a central European country
Autonomous parafoil precision landing using convex real-time optimized guidance and control
Authors: Leeman Antoine , Preda Valentin , Huertas Irene , Bennani Samir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo overcome the limitations of current parafoil precision landing capabilities, an efficient real-time convex optimized guidance and control strategy is presented. The parafoil guidance problem is non-convex in essence and it can be solved with a sequence of convex problems, each of those converging in polynomial time to a feasible solution of the approximated original problem. Our approach shows reliable and fast numerical convergence through in-flight recalculation of time of flight and a new optimal trajectory to cope with time-varying dynamics. The efficiency of our strategy is demonstrated via a comparative analysis of the existing X-38 in-flight demonstrated guidance and control system. Exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations show performance improvements of about one order of magnitude. The concept proposed is simple, yet general, as it scales to any atmospheric parafoil landing system and allows efficient implementation relying only on the turn rate saturation information for the parafoil model.
Agri-environment schemes are associated with greater terrestrial invertebrate abundance and richness in upland grasslands
Authors: Arnott Amy , Riddell Gillian , Emmerson Mark , Reid Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgri-environment schemes are a key mechanism by which agricultural sustainability is encouraged by subsidising farmers to adopt environmentally friendly management (e.g. reduction of inputs) to maintain and enhance the delivery of biodiversity-associated ecosystem services. Studies testing the efficacy of agri-environment schemes have yielded varying results, and few have focused on upland (marginal or Less Favoured Area) grassland (> 150 m above sea level) where productivity is poor. This study used a factorial field experiment to examine patterns in plant communities and terrestrial invertebrates between agri-environment scheme and conventionally managed semi-improved and improved upland grasslands, using 90 spatially paired fields. Total plant species richness and rare plant species richness (those with < 10% occurrence) were unaffected by agri-environment scheme management, but were significantly higher on semi-improved than improved grasslands. Total and rare invertebrate abundance and family-level richness were unrelated to grassland type (semi-improved or improved). Total and rare invertebrate abundances were 4% and 218% higher, and total and rare invertebrate family-level richness were 17% and 14% higher in agri-environment scheme than conventionally managed fields, respectively. Here, we show that agri-environment scheme management of marginal or Less Favoured Area upland grassland was associated with higher multi-taxa invertebrate abundance and richness associated with swards indicative of wetter conditions with lower dominance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and greater coverage of other native grass species compared to conventional management. This suggests that agri-environment schemes may maintain, enhance or offset declines in terrestrial invertebrates and their associated ecosystem service delivery by maintaining more diverse swards, and suggests that they make a positive contribution to biodiversity conservation.
The hyperbolic Anderson model: moment estimates of the Malliavin derivatives and applications
Authors: Balan Raluca M. , Nualart David , Quer-Sardanyons Lluís , Zheng Guangqu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study the hyperbolic Anderson model driven by a space-time colored Gaussian homogeneous noise with spatial dimension $$d=1,2$$

d
=
1
,
2

. Under mild assumptions, we provide $$L^p$$

L
p

-estimates of the iterated Malliavin derivative of the solution in terms of the fundamental solution of the wave solution. To achieve this goal, we rely heavily on the Wiener chaos expansion of the solution. Our first application are quantitative central limit theorems for spatial averages of the solution to the hyperbolic Anderson model, where the rates of convergence are described by the total variation distance. These quantitative results have been elusive so far due to the temporal correlation of the noise blocking us from using the Itô calculus. A novel ingredient to overcome this difficulty is the second-order Gaussian Poincaré inequality coupled with the application of the aforementioned $$L^p$$

L
p

-estimates of the first two Malliavin derivatives. Besides, we provide the corresponding functional central limit theorems. As a second application, we establish the absolute continuity of the law for the hyperbolic Anderson model. The $$L^p$$

L
p

-estimates of Malliavin derivatives are crucial ingredients to verify a local version of Bouleau-Hirsch criterion for absolute continuity. Our approach substantially simplifies the arguments for the one-dimensional case, which has been studied in the recent work by [2].