bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Leakage and Oxygenation Using a Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ullmann Hannah , Renziehausen Laura , Geil Dominik , Sponholz Christoph , Thomas-Rüddel Daniel , Völker Maria Theresa , Pietsch Uta , Krug Natalie , Bercker Sven 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
The value of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in maintaining oxygenation during ventilation with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) mask is unclear. To clarify the potential benefit or harm to PEEP application during positive pressure ventilation with a ProSeal LMA® mask, we compared the effect of PEEP versus zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) on gas leakage and oxygenation. We hypothesized that a PEEP of 8 mbar (8.2 cm H2O) would be associated with an increased incidence of gas leakage compared to ZEEP.

METHODS:
We designed a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded, multicenter clinical trial. Patients >18 years of age with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II without increased risk of aspiration were enrolled if they were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with an LMA mask. Patients were randomized to a control group managed with ZEEP or an intervention group managed with a PEEP of 8 mbar. Both groups received positive pressure ventilation. The primary end point was the occurrence of gas leakage. The Student t test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 174 patients were enrolled in the ZEEP group, and 208 were enrolled in the PEEP group. The incidence of gas leakage did not differ between the 2 groups (ZEEP: 23/174, 13.2%; PEEP: 42/208, 20.2%; P = .071; odds ratio [OR], 1.611; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.954–2.891). However, more patients required reseating of the LMA mask in the PEEP group (ZEEP: 5/174, 2.9%; PEEP: 18/208, 8.7%; P = .018; OR, 3.202; 95% CI, 1.164–8.812). The need for endotracheal intubation did not differ between groups (ZEEP: 2/174, 1.1%; PEEP: 7/208, 3.4%; P = .190; OR, 2.995; 95% CI, 0.614–14.608). After positive pressure ventilation for 25 minutes, the mean peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo
2) was higher in the PEEP than in the ZEEP group (98.5 [1.9]% vs 98.0 [1.4]%; P = .01). Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP; 16 [2] vs 12 [4] mbar; P < .001) and dynamic compliance (57 [14] vs 49 [14] mL/mbar; P < .001) were both higher in the PEEP group than in the ZEEP group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of PEEP did not affect the overall incidence of gas leakage. However, PEEP did result in a higher incidence of attempts to reseat the LMA mask compared to ZEEP, whereas the incidence of rescue intubation did not differ between groups. We concluded that a PEEP of 8 mbar did not increase overall gas leakage during positive pressure ventilation with an LMA mask, but it did slightly improve gas exchange and compliance. Overall, our study does not provide strong arguments for using PEEP during ventilation with an LMA mask in elective surgery.
Case Series on Removal of Subdural to Peritoneal Shunt After Resolution of Subdural Collection in the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Erwood Andrew , Wheelus Jennifer , Nguyen Khoi , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Subdural to peritoneal shunt (SPS) placement is an established treatment option for chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) in the pediatric population. Practice patterns vary between institutions, with some advocating shunt removal while others leave the SPS in place after SDH resolution. There remain a paucity of data to document the safety and outcomes after removal of SPS.

OBJECTIVE:
To support the safety and efficacy of SPS placement and subsequent removal for chronic SDH in children younger than 2 years.

METHODS:
A total of 26 patients younger than 2 years underwent SPS removal procedures over a 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 at a single institution. Patient characteristics, hospital course, and outcomes were prospectively recorded in the hospital electronic medical record. Attention was given to change in head circumference, size of subdural collection, need for reoperation, or complications because of shunt removal.

RESULTS:
Patients who underwent SPS placement presented with macrocephaly, signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, and radiographical evidence of subdural collections. The most common etiology of chronic SDH was nonaccidental head trauma (18 of 26 patients). SDS was kept in place for an average of 10 months. Resolution of SDH was demonstrated on imaging for all 26 patients. One patient did require reinsertion of SPS 2 weeks after SPS removal.

CONCLUSION:
Removal of SPS remains controversial, and careful consideration of patient, family, and provider preferences and potential risks associated with SPS removal must be taken into consideration.
A CDK activity buffer ensures mitotic completion
Authors: Basu Souradeep , Patterson James O. , Zeisner Theresa U. , Nurse Paul 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activity rises over 50-fold during the cell cycle, from a low level in G1 to a high level in mitosis. However, it is not known whether the entire range of CDK activity is necessary for cell cycle progression, or whether cells can tolerate a reduction in CDK activity level. Here, in fission yeast, we show that sublethal CDK inhibition lengthens the time cells spend in mitosis but does not cause misordering of mitotic events. Maximum attainable CDK activity exceeds the amount necessary for mitosis, and thus forms a CDK activity buffer between sufficient and maximal possible CDK activities. This CDK activity buffer is needed for mitotic completion when CDK activity is compromised, and CDK inhibition only becomes lethal to cells when this buffer is exhausted. Finally, we explore what factors influence this CDK activity buffer, and find that it is influenced by CDK-counteracting phosphatases. Therefore, maximum attainable CDK activity is not necessary for mitosis but provides robustness to CDK activity reduction to ensure mitotic completion.
Evaluation of perturbed iron-homeostasis in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Frost Joe N. , Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David , Elvers Karen T. , Shah Akshay , Armitage Andrew E. , Milne Alice , McKernon Jorgen , Attwood Marie , Chen Yi-Ling , Xue Luzheng , Youngs Jonathan , Provine Nicholas M. , Bicanic Tihana , Klenerman Paul , Drakesmith Hal , Ghazal Peter 
Published: June 2022

Background: Marked reductions in serum iron concentrations are commonly induced during the acute phase of infection. This phenomenon, termed hypoferremia of inflammation, leads to inflammatory anemia, but could also have broader pathophysiological implications. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hypoferremia is associated with disease severity and poorer outcomes, although there are few reported cohorts. Methods: In this study, we leverage a well characterised prospective cohort of hospitalised COVID-19 patients and perform a set of analyses focussing on iron and related biomarkers and both acute severity of COVID-19 and longer-term symptomatology. Results: We observed no associations between acute serum iron and long-term outcomes (including fatigue, breathlessness or quality of life); however, lower haemoglobin was associated with poorer quality of life. We also quantified iron homeostasis associated parameters, demonstrating that among 50 circulating mediators of inflammation IL-6 concentrations were strongly associated with serum iron, consistent with its central role in inflammatory control of iron homeostasis. Surprisingly, we observed no association between serum hepcidin and serum iron concentrations. We also observed elevated erythroferrone concentrations in COVID-19 patients with anaemia of inflammation. Conclusions: These results enhance our understanding of the regulation and pathophysiological consequences of disturbed iron homeostasis during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
An Asymptotically Tight Learning Algorithm for Mobile-Promotion Platforms
Authors: Feng Zhichao , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , Qi Anyan 
Published: June 2022

Operating under both supply-side and demand-side uncertainties, a mobile-promotion platform conducts advertising campaigns for individual advertisers. Campaigns arrive dynamically over time, which is divided into seasons; each campaign requires the platform to deliver a target number of mobile impressions from a desired set of locations over a desired time interval. The platform fulfills these campaigns by procuring impressions from publishers, who supply advertising space on apps via real-time bidding on ad exchanges. Each location is characterized by its win curve, that is, the relationship between the bid price and the probability of winning an impression at that bid. The win curves at the various locations of interest are initially unknown to the platform, and it learns them on the fly based on the bids it places to win impressions and the realized outcomes. Each acquired impression is allocated to one of the ongoing campaigns. The platform’s objective is to minimize its total cost (the amount spent in procuring impressions and the penalty incurred due to unmet targets of the campaigns) over the time horizon of interest. Our main result is a bidding and allocation policy for this problem. We show that our policy is the best possible (asymptotically tight) for the problem using the notion of regret under a policy, namely the difference between the expected total cost under that policy and the optimal cost for the clairvoyant problem (i.e., one in which the platform has full information about the win curves at all the locations in advance): The lower bound on the regret under any policy is of the order of the square root of the number of seasons, and the regret under our policy matches this lower bound. We demonstrate the performance of our policy through numerical experiments on a test bed of instances whose input parameters are based on our observations at a real-world mobile-promotion platform. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4441 .
Monitoring Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall Forecasts
Authors: Hoga Yannick , Demetrescu Matei 
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces formal monitoring procedures as a risk-management tool. Continuously monitoring risk forecasts allows practitioners to swiftly review and update their forecasting procedures as soon as forecasts turn inadequate. Similarly, regulators may take timely action in case reported risk forecasts become poor. Extant (one-shot) backtests require, however, that all data are available prior to testing and are not informative of when inadequacies might have occurred. To monitor value-at-risk and expected shortfall forecasts “online”—that is, as new observations become available—we construct sequential testing procedures. We derive the exact finite-sample distributions of the proposed procedures and discuss the suitability of asymptotic approximations. Simulations demonstrate good behavior of our exact procedures in finite samples. An empirical application to major stock indices during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the economic benefits of our monitoring approach.This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.Funding: Y. Hoga gratefully acknowledges support of the German Research Foundation [Grant HO 6305/1-1].Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4460 .
Early Reservation for Follow-up Appointments in a Slotted-Service Queue
Authors: Ding Yichuan , Gupta Diwakar , Tang Xiaoxu 
Published: June 2022

Shall Follow-up Appointments Be Booked in Advance? Appointment systems are ubiquitous, especially in healthcare. By looking into a large data set with over 1.6 million appointments, we observe that many doctors booked a follow-up appointment at the end of their meeting with their patients. This strategy ensures that the patients would follow up but at the risk that the patient may not show up and the appointment ends being wasted. We develop a slotted-service queue model to study if and when such a strategy should be used in three representative appointment systems, respectively. In an open access system, it is optimal to never use this strategy. In a traditional appointment system that allows patients to book in advance, it is optimal to apply this strategy to some patients. While in a hybrid system with both walk-in patients and patients with appointments, whether to use this strategy depends on the load balancing between the two patient queues.
Excellent long-wavelength-pass filters of CsPbBr3 and CsPb(Cl/Br)3 quantum dot glasses by a Cu2+ quenching strategy
Authors: Song Linke , Zhang Xizhen , Lin Mengqi , Guo Lizhu , Xu Sai , Sun Jiashi , Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu 
Published: June 2022

Perovskite

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

quantum dot (QD) glasses doping

C

u

2
+

are reported for excellent long-wavelength-pass filters. Transmittance, optical density (OD), photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and PL decay are used to investigate filter properties and the quenching mechanism. At low

C

u

2
+

molar concentrations of 0%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, and 0.01%, the filters exhibit good properties in transmittance and OD. Transition wavelengths are 518, 513, 513, and 512 nm, respectively. The shape and position of transmittance and OD are almost not changed. As

C

u

2
+

concentration increases, PL intensity is monotonously quenched. PL decay is obviously faster. The quenching mechanism is dynamic quenching, which is electron transfer from QDs to

C

u

2
+

. In comparison with the initial intensity, the intensity decreases by factors of 7.6, 12.8, and 18.8. Oxidation and reduction atmospheres are introduced, and the dynamic quenching mechanism is further confirmed. At high

C

u

2
+

concentrations of 0.013%–0.02%, the quenching mechanism is static quenching. Double-anion

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

QD glasses of different

C

u

2
+

concentrations extend the operation wavelength to the blue light region. For

C

u

2
+

concentrations of 0%, 0.005%, and 0.01%, the transition wavelengths are 470, 472, and 473 nm for

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

(NaCl as Cl source) QD glasses, and 430, 426, and 445 nm for

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

(

P
b
C

l

2

as Cl source) QD glasses, respectively.
Evaluation of antibody serology to determine current helminth and Plasmodium falciparum infections in a co-endemic area in Southern Mozambique
Authors: Santano Rebeca , Rubio Rocío , Grau-Pujol Berta , Escola Valdemiro , Muchisse Osvaldo , Cuamba Inocência , Vidal Marta , Ruiz-Olalla Gemma , Aguilar Ruth , Gandasegui Javier , Demontis Maria , Jamine Jose Carlos , Cossa Anélsio , Sacoor Charfudin , Cano Jorge , Izquierdo Luis , Chitnis Chetan E. , Coppel Ross L. , Chauhan Virander , Cavanagh David , Dutta Sheetij , Angov Evelina , van Lieshout Lisette , Zhan Bin , Muñoz José , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma 
Published: June 2022

Background
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), Schistosoma spp. and Plasmodium falciparum are parasites of major public health importance and co-endemic in many sub-Saharan African countries. Management of these infections requires detection and treatment of infected people and evaluation of large-scale measures implemented. Diagnostic tools are available but their low sensitivity, especially for low intensity helminth infections, leaves room for improvement. Antibody serology could be a useful approach thanks to its potential to detect both current infection and past exposure.

Methodology
We evaluated total IgE responses and specific-IgG levels to 9 antigens from STH, 2 from Schistosoma spp., and 16 from P. falciparum, as potential markers of current infection in a population of children and adults from Southern Mozambique (N = 715). Antibody responses were measured by quantitative suspension array Luminex technology and their performance was evaluated by ROC curve analysis using microscopic and molecular detection of infections as reference.

Principal findings
IgG against the combination of EXP1, AMA1 and MSP2 (P. falciparum) in children and NIE (Strongyloides stercoralis) in adults and children had the highest accuracies (AUC = 0.942 and AUC = 0.872, respectively) as markers of current infection. IgG against the combination of MEA and Sm25 (Schistosoma spp.) were also reliable markers of current infection (AUC = 0.779). In addition, IgG seropositivity against 20 out of the 27 antigens in the panel differentiated the seropositive endemic population from the non-endemic population, suggesting a possible role as markers of exposure although sensitivity could not be assessed.

Conclusions
We provided evidence for the utility of antibody serology to detect current infection with parasites causing tropical diseases in endemic populations. In addition, most of the markers have potential good specificity as markers of exposure. We also showed the feasibility of measuring antibody serology with a platform that allows the integration of control and elimination programs for different pathogens.
Bothrops lanceolatus snake venom impairs mitochondrial respiration and induces DNA release in human heart preparation
Authors: Cano-Sanchez Mariola , Ben-Hassen Kais , Louis Olivier Pierre , Dantin Fabienne , Gueye Papa , Roques Francois , Mehdaoui Hossein , Resiere Dabor , Neviere Remi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Envenomations by Bothrops snakebites can induce overwhelming systemic inflammation ultimately leading to multiple organ system failure and death. Release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), in particular of mitochondrial origin, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the deregulated innate immune response.

Objective
To test whether whole Bothrops lanceolatus venom would induce mitochondrial dysfunction and DAMPs release in human heart preparations.

Methods
Human atrial trabeculae were obtained during cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass from patients who were undergoing routine coronary artery bypass surgery. Cardiac fibers were incubated with vehicle and whole Bothrops lanceolatus venom for 24hr before high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial membrane permeability evaluation and quantification of mitochondrial DNA.

Results
Compared with vehicle, incubation of human cardiac muscle with whole Bothrops lanceolatus venom for 24hr impaired respiratory control ratio and mitochondrial membrane permeability. Levels of mitochondrial DNA increased in the medium of cardiac cell preparation incubated with venom of Bothrops lanceolatus.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that whole venom of Bothrops lanceolatus impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and increases mitochondrial membrane permeability. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction associated with mitochondrial DAMPs release may alter myocardium function and engage the innate immune response, which may both participate to the cardiotoxicity occurring in patients with severe envenomation.
Awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older people in Sweden
Authors: Frögren Joakim , Schmidt Steven M. , Kylén Maya , Jonsson Oskar , Slaug Björn , Iwarsson Susanne 
Published: June 2022

Background
While the importance of involving older people in research is increasingly acknowledged, quantitative studies exploring the perspectives of larger samples of older people who take an active role in research on ageing and health are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older people in Sweden.

Materials and methods
Data derived from a survey (N = 881) of people aged 60 years or older in Sweden. Demographics, self-rated health, and attitudes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Awareness of and previous active involvement in research were analysed using chi-square tests and Mann Whitney tests. Factors associated with willingness to be actively involved in research were determined by logistic regressions.

Results
Of the 26% who responded (N = 881), 39% (n = 343) were aware that they could be actively involved in research. Awareness and previous active involvement in research were significantly associated with a higher level of education. Public involvement was believed to enhance research communication and enable valuable contributions related to ageing. The proportion of respondents who were willing to be actively involved in research was significantly higher for respondents with previous experience and a higher level of education.

Conclusions
Engaging older people in Sweden in research targeting active involvement in research presents a challenge. The study shows an over-representation of people with higher education, who tend to be more aware, have previous experience, and are more willing to be involved in research with public involvement. This implies a risk that groups with lower education are not represented, and that knowledge co-produced with mostly highly educated groups will lead to a biased picture. Further studies are needed to understand how an increased awareness of research and willingness to participate can be achieved.
IRRID: RR2-10.2196/17759.
Early neurological development and nutritional status in Mexican socially deprived contexts
Authors: Serván-Mori Edson , Fuentes-Rivera Evelyn , Quezada Amado D. , Pineda-Antunez Carlos , del Carmen Hernández-Chávez María , García-Martínez Angélica , Madrigal Abby , García-Feregrino Raquel , Santiago-Angelino Tania , Hernández-Serrato María , Schnaas Lourdes 
Published: June 2022

Early childhood development (ECD) is a critical stage in the intergenerational process of human development. Targeted interventions depend on accurate and up-to-date ECD measurements. This paper presents estimates for the nutritional and neurodevelopmental status of socially marginalized children in Mexico. We performed a cross-sectional study based on data collected in 2019–2020 during home visits to 1,176 children aged 0–38 months across 24 highly marginalized locations in Oaxaca. We assessed nutritional status according to the World Health Organization 2006 child-growth standards and ECD status using the Child Development Evaluation Test, 2ndEdition. We stratified results by sex. Prevalence of stunting was 5.3 percentage points (p.p.) higher (p= 0.023) in males (25.3%; 95% CI: 20.2%, 31.1%) compared to females (20.0%; 95% CI: 15.0%, 26.1%). Overall prevalence rates stood at 5.7% (95% CI: 4.0%, 8.1%) for underweight, 1.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 2.7%) for wasting and 3.6% (95% CI: 2.3%, 5.7%) for overweight/obesity, with no significant differences by sex. Prevalence of normal development was 8.3 p.p. lower (p= 0.001) in males (39.3%; 95% CI: 34.5%, 44.4%) compared to females (47.6%; 95% CI: 41.6%, 53.6%). By development area, the highest prevalence of suboptimal outcomes among children with developmental lag or at risk of delay was observed in their gross motor and language skills: 24.1% (95% CI: 20.0%, 28.8%) and 38.6% (95% CI: 34.0%, 43.3%), respectively. The largest difference between the sexes was found in the language area. Our results show that childhood development strategies have been insufficient thus far in the studied population. Programs specifically designed to prevent ECD lags and bridge inequality gaps are urgently needed.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT04210362.