bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oils Combination with Microalgal Products as a Strategy for Increasing the N-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Fish Oil-Free Diets for Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)
Authors: Carvalho Marta , Izquierdo Marisol , Valdés Marco , Montero Daniel , Farías Ana 
Published: July 2022

Diversification of species and ingredients is essential for further developing aquaculture production. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of a blend of microalgae oils and poultry oil as total replacers of fish oil in aquafeeds, a fast-growing species for aquaculture diversification, that was shown to require high dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels. For that purpose, meagre juveniles (

2.74
±
0.01

g initial body weight) were fed one of the four experimental diets for 30 days. A control diet (FO diet) was based on 5% fish oil and 7% of rapeseed oil, whereas in the other three diets, fish oil was totally replaced by either poultry oil only (PO diet), or blending poultry oil and one of two commercial algal oils (ED and DD diets). Growth performance, tissue composition, and the expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, antioxidant defense system, and heat shock proteins were determined. Diets with blends of poultry and microalgae oils supported good growth and feed utilization of meagre. Besides, these diets maintained high DHA tissue contents and good fillet lipid quality indices, like in those fish fed the control diet containing fish oil. Furthermore, the meagre fed ED diet showed the highest expression of gpx, in agreement with the highest dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid content. These results demonstrated the good potential of blending these two commercial microalgae oils with poultry oil to completely replace fish oil cost-effectevily in diets for meagre. In contrast, PO as the sole replacer of fish oil was not able to support fish growth performance and tissue contents of n-3 LC-PUFA, leading to an increased thrombogenic index in fish fillets. Additionally, the low dietay n-3 LC-PUFA content of PO diet upregulated the relative expression offads2 while downregulating gpx compared to microalgal diets.
Safety and Tolerability of MEDI0562, an OX40 Agonist mAb, in Combination with Durvalumab or Tremelimumab in Adult Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Goldman Jonathan W. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Curti Brendan , Pedersen Katrina S. , Bauer Todd M. , Groenland Stefanie L. , Carvajal Richard D. , Chhaya Vaishali , Kirby Gray , McGlinchey Kelly , Hammond Scott A. , Streicher Katie , Townsley Danielle M. , Chae Young Kwang , Voortman Jens , Marabelle Aurelien , Powderly John 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Combination therapies targeting immunologic checkpoints have shown promise in treating multiple tumor types. We report safety and tolerability of MEDI0562, a humanized IgG1K OX40 mAb, in combination with durvalumab (anti-PD-L1), or tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4), in adult patients with previously treated advanced solid tumors.

Patients and Methods:
In this phase I, multicenter, open-label study, patients received escalating doses of MEDI0562 (2.25, 7.5, or 22.5 mg) every 2 weeks in combination with durvalumab (1,500 mg) or tremelimumab (75 or 225 mg) every 4 weeks, intravenously, until unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease. Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks. The primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability.

Results:
Among the 27 and 31 patients who received MEDI0562 + durvalumab or MEDI0562 + tremelimumab, 74.1% and 67.7% reported a treatment-related adverse event (AE), and 22.2% and 19.4% experienced a treatment-emergent AE that led to discontinuation, respectively. The MTD of MEDI0562 + durvalumab was 7.5 mg MEDI0562 + 1,500 mg durvalumab; the maximum administered dose of MEDI0562 + tremelimumab was 22.5 mg MEDI0562 + 225 mg tremelimumab. Three patients in the MEDI0562 + durvalumab arm had a partial response. The mean percentage of Ki67+CD4+ and Ki67+CD8+ memory T cells increased by &gt;100% following the first dose of MEDI0562 + durvalumab or tremelimumab in all dose cohorts. A decrease in OX40+FOXP3 regulatory T cells was observed in a subset of patients with available paired biopsies.

Conclusions:
Following dose escalation, moderate toxicity was observed in both treatment arms, with no clear efficacy signals demonstrated.
Association of Neighborhood-Level Material Deprivation With Atrial Fibrillation Care in a Single-Payer Health Care System: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Abdel-Qadir Husam , Akioyamen Leo E. , Fang Jiming , Pang Andrea , Ha Andrew C.T. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Alter David A. , Austin Peter C. , Atzema Clare L. , Bhatia R. Sacha , Booth Gillian L. , Johnston Sharon , Dhalla Irfan , Kapral Moira K. , Krumholz Harlan M. , McNaughton Candace D. , Roifman Idan , Tu Karen , Udell Jacob A. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Ko Dennis T. , Schull Michael J. , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
There are limited data on the association of material deprivation with clinical care and outcomes after atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis in jurisdictions with universal health care.

Methods:
This was a population-based cohort study of individuals ≥66 years of age with first diagnosis of AF between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2019, in the Canadian province of Ontario, which provides public funding and prohibits private payment for medically necessary physician and hospital services. Prescription medications are subsidized for residents >65 years of age. The primary exposure was neighborhood material deprivation, a metric derived from Canadian census data to estimate inability to attain basic material needs. Neighborhoods were categorized by quintile from Q1 (least deprived) to Q5 (most deprived). Cause-specific hazards regression was used to study the association of material deprivation quintile with time to AF-related adverse events (death or hospitalization for stroke, heart failure, or bleeding), clinical services (physician visits, cardiac diagnostics), and interventions (anticoagulation, cardioversion, ablation) while adjusting for individual characteristics and regional cardiologist supply.

Results:
Among 347 632 individuals with AF (median age 79 years, 48.9% female), individuals in the most deprived neighborhoods (Q5) had higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and noncardiovascular comorbidity relative to residents of the least deprived neighborhoods (Q1). After adjustment, Q5 residents had higher hazards of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.13–1.20]) and hospitalization for stroke (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.07–1.27]), heart failure (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.11–1.18]), or bleeding (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.07–1.25]) relative to Q1. There were small differences across quintiles in primary care physician visits (HR, Q5 versus Q1, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.89–0.92]), echocardiography (HR, Q5 versus Q1, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96–0.99]), and dispensation of anticoagulation (HR, Q5 versus Q1, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95–0.98]). There were more prominent disparities for Q5 versus Q1 in cardiologist visits (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.82–0.86]), cardioversion (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.76–0.84]), and ablation (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.30–0.67]).

Conclusions:
Despite universal health care and prescription medication coverage, residents of more deprived neighborhoods were less likely to visit cardiologists or receive rhythm control interventions after AF diagnosis, even though they exhibited higher cardiovascular disease burden and higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Anger, Fear, and Sadness: Relations to Socioeconomic Status and the Amygdala
Authors: Hao Yu , Bertolero Maxwell , Farah Martha J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Here, we test three often proposed hypotheses about socioeconomic status (SES), affect, and the brain, for which evidence is mixed or lacking. The first hypothesis, that negative affect is more common at lower levels of SES, has ample evidence from studies of psychiatric symptoms but is tested for the first time here across multiple measures of negative emotions in healthy young adults. The second hypothesis is actually a set of hypotheses, that SES is associated with three structural and functional properties of the amygdala. Third, and most important for the affective neuroscience of SES, is the hypothesis that SES differences in the amygdala are responsible for the affective differences. Despite the intuitive appeal of this hypothesis, it has rarely been tested and has never been confirmed. Here, we review the literature for evidence on each of these hypotheses and find in a number of cases that the evidence is weak or nonexistant. We then subject each hypothesis to a new empirical test with a large sample of healthy young adults. We confirm that negative affect is more common at lower levels of SES and we find a positive relation between SES and amygdala volume. However, evidence is weak on the relation of SES to functional properties of amygdala. Finally, the tendency toward negative affect in lower SES individuals cannot be accounted for by the structural or functional characteristics of the amygdala measured here.
Introduction to the Special Focus: The Affective Neuroscience of Poverty
Authors: Nusslock Robin , Farah Martha J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Growing up in poverty is associated with a heightened risk for mental and physical health problems across the life span, and there is a growing recognition of the role that social determinants of health play in driving these outcomes and inequities. How do the social conditions of poverty get under the skin to influence biology, and through what mechanisms do the stressors of poverty generate risk for a broad range of health problems? The growing field examining the neuroscience of socioeconomic status (SES) proposes that the brain is an entry point or pathway through which poverty and adversity become embedded in biology to generate these disparities. To date, however, the majority of research on the neuroscience of SES has focused on cognitive or executive control processes. However, the relationship between SES and brain systems involved in affective or emotional processes may be especially important for understanding social determinants of health. Accordingly, this Special Focus on The Affective Neuroscience of Poverty invited contributions from authors examining the relationship between SES and brain systems involved in generating and regulating emotions. In this editorial introduction, we (a) provide an overview of the neuroscience of SES; (b) introduce each of the articles in this Special Focus; and (c) discuss the scientific, treatment, and policy implications of studying the affective neuroscience of poverty.
Import Competition, Quality Upgrading, and Exporting: Evidence from the Peruvian Apparel Industry
Authors: Medina Pamela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper studies quality upgrading to escape competition from low-wage countries and proposes a new channel that does not rely on access to new inputs or markets. Informed by Peruvian apparel firms’ response to China’s WTO accession, I introduce factor specificity in a multi-product-firm model. Profitability losses due to competition in low-quality segments induce firms to reallocate specific factors to produce high-quality varieties for high-income countries. Gains from this channel are large. Using an observed quality measure, I show that import competition substantially increases domestic firms’ exports and high-quality export shares. Firms also reduce prices, resulting in additional welfare gains.
Monetary Policy, Markup Dispersion, and Aggregate TFP
Authors: Meier Matthias , Reinelt Timo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the role of markup dispersion and aggregate TFP for monetary transmission. Empirically, we show that the response of markup dispersion to monetary policy shocks can account for a significant fraction of the aggregate TFP response in the first two years after the shock. Analytically, we show that heterogeneous price rigidity can explain the response of markup dispersion if firms have a precautionary price-setting motive, which is present in common New Keynesian environments. We provide empirical evidence in support of this explanation. Finally, we study the mechanism and its implications in a quantitative model.
Publication and Attenuation Biases in Measuring Skill Substitution
Authors: Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana , Laslopova Lubica , Zeynalova Olesia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A key parameter in the analysis of wage inequality is the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labor. We show that the empirical literature is consistent with both publication and attenuation bias in the estimated inverse elasticities. Publication bias, which exaggerates the mean reported inverse elasticity, dominates and results in corrected inverse elasticities closer to zero than the typically published estimates. The implied mean elasticity is 4, with a lower bound of 2. Elasticities are smaller for developing countries. To derive these results, we use nonlinear tests for publication bias and model averaging techniques that account for model uncertainty.
Endogenous Treatment Effect Estimation with a Large and Mixed Set of Instruments and Control Variables
Authors: Fan Qingliang , Wu Yaqian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Instrumental variables (IVs) and control variables are frequently used to assist researchers in investigating endogenous treatment effects. When used together, their identities are typically assumed to be known. However, in many practical situations, one is faced with a large and mixed set of covariates, some of which can serve as excluded IVs, some can serve as control variables, whereas others should be discarded from the model. It is often not possible to classify them based on economic theory alone. This paper proposes a data-driven method to classify a large (increasing with sample size) set of covariates into excluded IVs, controls, and noise to be discarded. The resulting IV estimator is shown to have the oracle property (to have the same first-order asymptotic distribution as the IV estimator, assuming the true classification is known).
The Causal Effects of R&D Grants: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity
Authors: Santoleri Pietro , Mina Andrea , Di Minin Alberto , Martelli Irene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We leverage the discontinuity in the assignment mechanism of the Small and Medium Enterprise Instrument—the first European research and development (R&D) subsidy targeting small firms—to provide the broadest quasi-experimental evidence on R&D grants over both geographical and sectoral scopes. Grants trigger sizable impacts on a wide range of firm-level outcomes. Heterogeneous effects are consistent with grants reducing financial frictions. This reduction is due to funding rather than certification. We also provide direct causal evidence on pure certification—signaling not attached to funding—and show that firms that only receive “quality stamps” do not improve their performance. Finally, our estimates suggest that the scheme produces private returns that are positive and comparable to those of the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research program, while also generating geographical and sectoral spillovers in the form of increased rates of entrepreneurial entry.
Spurious Climate Impacts in Coupled Sea Ice Loss Simulations
Authors: England Mark R. , Eisenman Ian , Wagner Till J. W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have used coupled climate model simulations with perturbed sea ice covers to assess the impact of future Arctic sea ice loss. The results of these studies suggest that Arctic sea ice loss will cause substantial climate impacts in the Arctic and beyond. The approaches used in these simulations can be broadly categorized into three methods: adding a ghost flux to the sea ice module, nudging, and modifying the surface albedo. Here we show that all three methods ultimately add heat to the Arctic in order to melt the sea ice, and that this artificial heating causes a spurious warming signal that is added to the warming that occurs due to sea ice loss alone. We illustrate this using an idealized climate model, which provides a preliminary rough estimate of the effect. In this model, the annual-mean warming due to sea ice loss alone can be directly calculated. We compare this with the warming that would be attributed to sea ice loss using each of the three methods in the idealized model. The results suggest that each method substantially overestimates the warming due to sea ice loss alone, overestimating the surface warming throughout the Northern Hemisphere by a factor of 1.5–2 in the idealized model. Hence, these results suggest that previous coupled climate modeling studies have overestimated the climate response to sea ice loss.
Impact of Histologic Risk Factors on Recurrence Rates for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kligerman Maxwell P. , Moon Peter K. , Tusty Mahbuba , Cloutier Jeffrey M. , Ma Yifei , Holsinger Christopher F. , Divi Vasu 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study assesses the impact of adverse histologic risk factors including worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), predominant pattern of invasion (PPOI), tumor budding, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS), on risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC). Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed at a single institution to identify patients with OCSCC who underwent surgical excision. Inclusion criteria included T1-T2 stage disease based on AJCC seventh edition guidelines, no cervical lymph node involvement, no perineural invasion (PNI), no lymphovascular invasion (LVI), no post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy, and cancer involving only the oral tongue or floor of mouth. Patients were excluded if they had positive final margins. A subset of 35 patients were selected for additional histologic review to determine WPOI, PPOI, TB, and TILS. Bivariable and multivariable cox analysis were performed to determine variables associated with recurrence. Results: One hundred and sixty-one patients met criteria and were included in the analysis. Variables that were significantly associated with recurrence on bivariable analysis included tumors with high risk PPOI (groups 4 and 5; P = .021), TB with 10 or more buds ( P = .021), T-stage ( P = .001), neck dissection ( P = .03), and depth of invasion (DOI) >4 mm ( P = .044). Multivariable cox proportional hazards found T-stage (HR: 6.40; 95% CI 1.67, 24.50; P = .007), neck dissection (HR: 0.23; 95% CI 0.07, 0.82; P = .023), and TBs (HR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.05, 1.30; P = .006) to be most predictive of recurrence. Conclusions: TB is a strong predictor of recurrence. WPOI, PPOI, and TILS were not statistically significant risk factors for recurrence.
The Sensory Auricular Branch of the Facial Nerve and its Relationship to Landmarks of the Facial Recess
Authors: Sow Mami K. , Murray Molly , Akakpo Kenneth , Harris Michael S. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Delineate the anatomic relationship of the sensory auricular branch (SAB) of the facial nerve to other structures of the facial recess. Methods: Ten adult cadaveric temporal bones were randomly selected and dissected under operative microscopy. Linear and angular measurements were obtained for the following parameters: (1) the distance from the tip of the short process of the incus to the point of convergence of the SAB and the main trunk of the facial nerve; (2) the distance from the point of convergence of the SAB and the main trunk of the facial nerve to the chorda tympani (CT) division from the main trunk; (3) the distance from the bifurcation of the CT and facial nerve to the crossover point of the SAB/CT; (4) the angle at which the SAB merges with the main trunk (Y°), and (5) the angle at which the CT divides off the main trunk (X°). Results: The mean distance from the tip of the short process of the incus to the SAB takeoff was 8.7 ± 1.83 mm (range 6-13 mm). The mean distance from the SAB to the CT division from the main trunk was 5.9 ± 2.41 mm (range 3-10 mm). The mean angle at which the SAB merged with the main trunk of the facial nerve was 38.5 ± 12.63° (range 25°-68°). The mean CT-main trunk angle was 16 ± 4.24° (range 8°-21°). The branching point of the SAB from the facial nerve approximately bisected the facial recess. Conclusion: Recognizing the SAB and knowing its relationships to surrounding anatomy provides a useful adjunctive landmark for the identification of the main trunk of the facial nerve’s mastoid segment. Level of evidence: 4.
Optimizing CT and MRI criteria for differentiating intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Hongzhen , Liang Yingying , Wang Zihua , Tan Caihong , Yang Ruimeng , Wei Xinhua , Jiang Xinqing 
Published: July 2022

Background Accurate diagnosis of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) is crucial with regard to the choice of patient management and treatment options. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of the LI-RADS M (LR-M) targetoid criteria on computed tomography (CT) and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) in differentiating IMCC from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and Methods A total of 118 patients with IMCC and HCC were included who underwent CT and EOB-MRI examinations. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the strongest predictors differentiating IMCC from HCC. Using these predictors, a predictive model for differentiating IMCC from HCC was constructed and the performance of the model was confirmed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Multivariate analyses revealed rim-like arterial phase hyperenhancement (rim APHE) on CT and rim APHE, delayed central enhancement (DCE), and targetoid hepatobiliary phase (HBP) on MRI as independent variables significantly differentiating IMCC from HCC. The multivariate logistic regression model incorporating the three variables on EOB-MRI was constructed with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.946, sensitivity of 87.80%, specificity of 92.21%, and accuracy of 94.60%. Per the DeLong test, the multivariate logistic regression model showed significantly higher AUC than rim APHE on CT (0.946 vs. 0.871; P = 0.008) and MRI (0.946 vs. 0.876; P = 0.003), whereas rim APHE on CT and MRI did not differ significantly ( P = 0.809). Conclusion The multivariate logistic regression model based on rim APHE, DCE, and targetoid HBP on EOB-MRI can effectively distinguish IMCC from HCC and is superior to any other targetoid appearance criterion of LI-RADS on CT and EOB-MRI.