bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genauigkeit eines scanbaren Materials für Durchbissregistrate im teildigitalen Workflow
Authors: Pott Philipp-Cornelius , Becker Carolin , Schaumann Simone , Stiesch Meike , Eisenburger Michael 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDigitale Prozessketten sind heute fester Bestandteil moderner Zahnmedizin und können bei komplexen Versorgungen mit konventionellen Abläufen zu teildigitalen Workflows kombiniert werden. Durchbissregistrate eignen sich dabei für die Modellzuordnung im Artikulator. Ziel dieser Studie war es, ein scanbares Bissnahmesilikon (Registrado Scan [RS], VOCO GmbH) und Vergleichsmaterialien (Registrado Xtra [RX] und Registrado Clear [RC], VOCO GmbH) hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden bei insgesamt 40 Proband*innen Registrate durchgeführt, und mittels farbsensitivem Intraoralscan wurden intraorale angefärbte Kontakte als Referenz dokumentiert. Ober- und Unterkiefermodelle der Proband*innen wurden im Artikulator in Okklusion gebracht und digitalisiert. Die Abweichung der sich ergebenden Kontaktpunkte auf den Modellen zur intraoral erhobenen Referenz wurde in einer 3-D-Software vermessen.Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Werte in den Gruppen RS (0,52 ± 0,56 mm), RX (0,55 ± 0,53 mm) und RC (0,58 ± 0,53 mm) nicht signifikant voneinander unterscheiden (p ≥ 0,136). Das scanbare Material kann demnach sowohl in volldigitalen, in teildigitalen und auch in konventionellen Workflows angewendet werden.
A Randomized Controlled Study on the Use of Tourniquet in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Yan Chun Hoi , Chan Ping Keung , Fu Henry , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background The use and the optimal timing of tourniquet during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. Most previous studies failed to show clinically significant differences in different strategies. The aim of this study was to determine how three strategies of tourniquet application affect the outcome in TKA patients.
Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled study. Patients who undergo TKA were randomized into one of the three groups (1:1:1 ratio): tourniquet inflated from skin incision to cement hardening, tourniquet from cement application to hardening, and tourniquet from skin incision to skin closure. The perioperative blood loss, limb swelling, and complications were recorded. The level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Patients' thigh and TKA wound pain, Knee Society knee score (KSKS) and Knee Society functional assessment (KSFA) scores, and rehabilitation parameters were evaluated.
Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled. The baseline characteristics were comparable. We only found significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss (skin to cement: 58.7 ± 36.1 mL, cement-only: 147.8 ± 107.9 mL, skin to skin: 16.3 ± 13.1 mL, p < 0.0001). There were no statistical differences in postoperative drainage, thigh/knee circumference, change of hemoglobin/hematocrit, CRP, IL-6, CK, and LDH on day 1 to day 4 after surgery. The thigh/TKA wound Visual Analogue Scale scores, KSKS score, KSFA score, and rehabilitation parameters were not significantly different at up to 6-month follow-up. No thromboembolic events were noted.
Conclusion Our results revealed that there was no best tourniquet strategy in TKA. Different tourniquet methods can be utilized based on surgeon preference without affecting outcomes.
Clinical Profile and Characterization of Rotavirus Strains in Under-Five Children with Diarrhea: A Hospital-Based Study from Eastern Odisha, India
Authors: Prusty J. Bikrant Kumar , Choudhury Jasashree , Akhila Goolla , Dash Mrutunjay , Mohanty Mamata Devi , Peddu Sai Praveen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Diarrheal diseases are one of the most common causes of hospitalization in children under five. Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in younger children, and the prevalence decreases rapidly with increasing age. The objective of the study was to estimate the burden of rotavirus infection in acute gastroenteritis among under-five children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in eastern Odisha, for the clinical profile and identity of the prevalent strains.
Methods This was a prospective observational study linked to the National Rotavirus Surveillance Network (NRSN), where 720 under-five children with diarrhea were enrolled. In total, 675 stool samples of eligible candidates were sent for rotavirus isolation, and identification of strains was done by identifying VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Results Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage, and continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Rotavirus was detected in 256 (37.92%) samples. Males outnumbered females. The most common affected age group was 7 to 12 months, followed by 13 to 18 months. G3P[8] was the most prevalent strain in this study.
Conclusion Children between the age of 7 and 18 months were most vulnerable to rotavirus infection. The most prevalent strain varies from one region to another and continuous surveillance is needed.
Evaluation of Influenza Patients Admitted in 2019–2020 Flu Season
Authors: Öztelcan Gündüz Bahar , Ataş Erman , Ünay Bülent , Halil Halit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Influenza viruses are among the most common respiratory pathogens for all age groups, and may cause seasonal outbreaks. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics of influenza cases in the 2019–2020 flu season and to study the risk factors for hospital admission and complications.
Methods This was a retrospective study in 251 children (group 1: nonhospitalized; group 2: hospitalized) with influenza in the 2019–2020 flu season. Data on demographic features, influenza type, complaints, complications, and hospitalization length were collected and recorded.
Results Influenza A was detected in 199 (79.3%) patients, and influenza B was detected in 52 (20.7%); 43.4% of patients were girls and 56.6% were boys. The mean age of the patients was 3.91 ± 3.3 years (16 days to 18 years). A total of 52 (20.7%) patients were hospitalized. The age of the patients in group 2 was lower than that in group 1 (3.1 vs. 4.2 years, p = 0.03). Group 2 patients were more likely to have creatine kinase (CK) elevation, febrile seizures, and physical examination abnormalities. Group 2 patients were also more likely to have influenza A. Patients with febrile seizures, chronic diseases, abnormal physical examination findings, developed complications, and additional drug use apart from oseltamivir in the treatment were also more likely to require hospitalization.
Conclusion Infants and children with chronic diseases, history of febrile seizures, complications, and the use of drugs other than antiviral drugs should be carefully evaluated in case they need hospitalization. Increasing vaccination rates, initiation of antiviral treatment for selected patients, and close monitoring of patients in risk groups can decrease morbidity and mortality. Myalgias are a common complaint in patients with acute influenza infection. Previous studies suggest CK measurement be part of the work-up for the hospitalized patient with acute influenza infection.
Electric field modulation of spin transport
Authors: Zucchetti C. , Marchionni A. , Bollani M. , Ciccacci F. , Finazzi M. , Bottegoni F. 
Published: January 2022

The finite spin lifetime in solids is often considered a major hindrance for the development of spintronic devices, which typically require cryogenic temperatures to mitigate this phenomenon. In this work, we show that this feature can instead be exploited to realize a scheme where spin transport is modulated at room temperature by a modest electric field. A field directed antiparallel (parallel) to the spin-diffusion velocity can, in fact, largely increase (decrease) the spin-transport length compared with the zero field case. We find that applying an electric field E = 24 V/cm along a 40 μm-long path in germanium results in about one order of magnitude modulation of the spin-polarized electrons entering into the detector. This work demonstrates that electric fields can be exploited for guiding spins over macroscopic distances and for realizing fast room temperature modulation of spin accumulation.
Continental-scale measurements of soil pyrogenic carbon in Europe
Authors: Pressler Yamina , Boot Claudia M. , Abiven Samuel , Lugato Emanuele , Francesca Cotrufo M. 
Published: January 2022

Pyrogenic carbon (PyC), the product of incomplete biomass combustion, is a key component of soil organic carbon (SOC) because it can persist in soils for centuries to millennia. Quantifying PyC across large spatial scales remains a significant challenge in constraining the global carbon cycle. We measured PyC in topsoils across Europe using molecular marker (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCA) and spectroscopic techniques (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, DRIFTS). We developed a calibration between BPCA and DRIFTS, but the calibration was less reliable (Y-variance explained = 0.62) than previous reports due to low soil PyC content and heterogeneity of soil matrices. Thus, we performed multiple regressions to identify drivers of PyC distribution using only the measured BPCA data. PyC content varied widely among soils, contributing 0–24% of SOC. Organic carbon was the strongest predictor of soil PyC content, but mean annual temperature, clay, and cation exchange capacity also emerged as predictors. PyC contributes a smaller proportion of SOC in European soils compared to other geographic regions. Comparing soil PyC measurements to PyC production rates in high latitude and Mediterranean regions suggests that transport, degradation, and recombustion are important mechanisms regulating soil PyC accumulation.
A scenario analysis under epistemic uncertainty in Natech accidents: imprecise probability reasoning in Bayesian Network
Authors: Wang Qiuhan , Cai Mei , Wei Guo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of Natech accidents warn us to investigate the occurrence mechanism of these events. Cascading disasters chain magnifies the impact of natural hazards due to its propagation through critical infrastructures and socio-economic networks. In order to manipulate imprecise probabilities of cascading events in Natech scenarios, this work proposes an improved Bayesian network (BN) combining with evidence theory to better deal with epistemic uncertainty in Natech accidents than traditional BNs. Effective inference algorithms have been developed to propagate system faulty in a socio-economic system. The conditional probability table (CPT) of BN in the traditional probability approach is modified by utilizing an OR/AND gate to obtain the belief mass propagation in the framework of evidence theory. Our improved Bayesian network methodology makes it possible to assess the impact and damage of Natech accidents under the environment of complex interdependence among accidents with insufficient data. Finally, a case study of Guangdong province, an area prone to natural disasters, is given. The modified Bayesian network is carried out to analyze this area’s Natech scenario. After diagnostic analysis and sensitivity analysis of human factors and the natural factor, we are able to locate the key nodes in the cascading disaster chain. Findings can provide useful theoretical support for urban managers of industrial cities to enhance disaster prevention and mitigation ability.
Precise Analgesic Instructions Improve Narcotic Usage: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Erz Logan , Larson Brandon , Mirhaidari Shayda , Cook Chad , Wagner Doug 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Given the ongoing battle with opioid abuse and overuse in the United States, new strategies are consistently being implemented to reduce opioid utilization and overprescribing.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine if a more regulated explicit pain management instruction plan could reduce the number of opioids taken.

Methods
Blinded randomized prospective study comparing a total of 110 (Group A = 55, Group B = 55) women who underwent elective outpatient bilateral breast reduction surgery by 2 different plastic surgeons. Patients were randomly divided into either Group A (control) that received general pain management instructions or Group B (experimental) that received explicit pain management instructions from the surgeons and nurses. Participants were asked to record the number of times they treated their pain with each separate modality. They were also asked to record their average daily pain scale for the days that they were treating their pain.

Results
Patients in Group B took on average 1.5 oxycodone (5 mg) and patients in Group A took on average 5.7 oxycodone (5 mg) (P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-four patients in Group B took no oxycodone. Patients in Group B also had statistically significant lower subjective pain scores.

Conclusions
Based on these results, it appears that standardizing how patients are instructed to treat their pain postoperatively may reduce the number of narcotics needed, thus reducing the number of narcotics prescribed without compromising pain control.

Level of Evidence: 2
Should we continue to use renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19?
Authors: Copur Sidar , Kanbay Asiye , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and hypertension have an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related death. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) blockers are commonly prescribed to decrease morbidity and mortality in these conditions. Following the pre-clinical demonstration of COVID-19 viral entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, the use of RAS blockers was questioned in infected individuals. Theodorakopoulou et al. extensively review the pathophysiology behind that hypothesis and observational or clinical trials on RAS blockers and COVID-19. Despite being a scientific hot spot of an ongoing debate, discontinuation of RAS blockers is not associated with improved clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and may have potential harmful effects, including exacerbation of the underlying disease.
Effect of intensity and duration of anthropic noises on European mink locomotor activity and fecal cortisol metabolite levels
Authors: Ortiz-Jiménez Lorena , Iglesias-Merchan Carlos , Martínez-Salazar Alba Itzel , Barja Isabel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals. European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time that individuals were active and if their fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels varied. A Hierarchical Analysis Cluster was performed to establish 2 mink groups with respect to both noise source type: short duration/low intensity (SL) and long duration/high intensity (LH). We performed general linear mixed models to evaluate the variation in locomotor activity duration (s) and FCM (nanogram per gram) levels, respectively. The results showed both road noise and human voices decreased locomotor activity duration in SL more sharply compared with LH, and human voices were the triggers that induced the most pronounced response to both exposure conditions. FCM (ng/g) levels increased in SL compared with LH during road noise while the opposite happened during human voices. Differences based on sex and age of individuals were observed. In conclusion, noise characteristics given by the sound type determined the variations in locomotor activity duration while noise exposure level determined the variations in FCM (ng/g) levels. Attention should be paid to noisy activities (e.g., recreational activities for visitors in protected natural areas) and loud groups of people to conserve wildlife, especially noise sensitive species.
The DASH diet is associated with a lower risk of heart failure: a cohort study
Authors: Ibsen Daniel B , Levitan Emily B , Åkesson Agneta , Gigante Bruna , Wolk Alicja 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Trials demonstrate that following the DASH diet lowers blood pressure, which may prevent the development of heart failure (HF). We investigated the association between long-term adherence to the DASH diet and food substitutions within the DASH diet on the risk of HF.

Methods and results
Men and women aged 45–83 years without previous HF, ischaemic heart disease or cancer at baseline in 1998 from the Cohort of Swedish Men (n = 41 118) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (n = 35 004) were studied. The DASH diet emphasizes intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, and low-fat dairy and deemphasizes red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sodium. DASH diet scores were calculated based on diet assessed by food frequency questionnaires in late 1997 and 2009. Incidence of HF was ascertained using the Swedish Patient Register. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the median 22 years of follow-up (1998–2019), 12 164 participants developed HF. Those with the greatest adherence to the DASH diet had a lower risk of HF compared to those with the lowest adherence (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.91 for baseline diet and HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.89 for long-term diet, comparing quintiles). Replacing 1 serving/day of red and processed meat with emphasized DASH diet foods was associated with an 8–12% lower risk of HF.

Conclusion
Long-term adherence to the DASH diet and relevant food substitutions within the DASH diet were associated with a lower risk of HF.
Virtual assets: compelling a new anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulatory model
Authors: Schmidt Alicia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Virtual assets present unique Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CTF) risks that have been overlooked by global regulation in the past. This article considers virtual assets’ potential as a new way to exchange value and the need for effective AML/CTF regulation. It analyses the emerging issues that will elevate the risks and considers the current global regulatory response including the reliance on centralized intermediaries. This article recommends extending the regulatory framework to include regulation that is native to the peer-to-peer nature of virtual assets to address the risks. This article argues this new regulatory model will ultimately be more effective in achieving the goal of AML/CTF regulation than the current regulation has been in the traditional financial system. Despite the inherently global nature of virtual assets, where the domestic perspective is required this will be considered in the context of Australia, drawing upon other jurisdictions where applicable.
Prevention of Pemetrexed-Induced Rash Using Low-Dose Corticosteroids: A Phase II Study
Authors: Sakurada Takumi , Nokihara Hiroshi , Koga Tadashi , Zamami Yoshito , Goda Mitsuhiro , Yagi Kenta , Hamano Hirofumi , Aizawa Fuka , Ogino Hirokazu , Sato Seidai , Kirino Yasushi , Goto Hisatsugu , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Ishizawa Keisuke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Rash eruptions are a common side-effect of pemetrexed, for which the administration of 8 mg/day of dexamethasone for 3 days from the day preceding pemetrexed administration is recommended. This study aimed to prospectively assess the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of low-dose dexamethasone for pemetrexed-induced rashes.

Methods
This single-arm, phase II study recruited patients with non-squamous non–small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma scheduled to receive chemotherapy including pemetrexed. Patients received 2 mg of dexamethasone daily from days 2 to 6 after chemotherapy with pemetrexed. The primary endpoint was the 3-week incidence of rash eruptions.

Results
Twenty-five patients were enrolled between September 2017 and May 2019. The incidence of rash after 3 weeks was 16.7%. Rashes erupted mainly on the upper half of the body, such as the chest and neck, and were of grades 1 and 2 in 2 patients each. No rashes of grade 3 or higher were observed, and there were no adverse events associated with additional corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Prophylactic administration of low-dose dexamethasone for 5 days from the day after pemetrexed administration resulted in a milder incidence and severity of rash. These findings may provide a standard preventative strategy for pemetrexed-induced rashes. (Trial identifier: UMIN000025666).
Regional anaesthesia in patients on antithrombotic drugs
Authors: Kietaibl Sibylle , Ferrandis Raquel , Godier Anne , Llau Juan , Lobo Clara , Macfarlane Alan JR , Schlimp Christoph J. , Vandermeulen Erik , Volk Thomas , von Heymann Christian , Wolmarans Morné , Afshari Arash 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Bleeding is a potential complication after neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. The risk is increased in patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs. This joint guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia aims to provide an evidence-based set of recommendations and suggestions on how to reduce the risk of antithrombotic drug-induced haematoma formation related to the practice of regional anaesthesia and analgesia.

DESIGN
A systematic literature search was performed, examining seven drug comparators and 10 types of clinical intervention with the outcome being peripheral and neuraxial haematoma. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used for assessing the methodological quality of the included studies and for formulating recommendations. A Delphi process was used to prepare a clinical practice guideline.

RESULTS
Clinical studies were limited in number and quality and the certainty of evidence was assessed to be GRADE C throughout. Forty clinical practice statements were formulated. Using the Delphi-process, strong consensus (>90% agreement) was achieved in 57.5% of recommendations and consensus (75 to 90% agreement) in 42.5%.

DISCUSSION
Specific time intervals should be observed concerning the adminstration of antithrombotic drugs both prior to, and after, neuraxial procedures or those peripheral nerve blocks with higher bleeding risk (deep, noncompressible). These time intervals vary according to the type and dose of anticoagulant drugs, renal function and whether a traumatic puncture has occured. Drug measurements may be used to guide certain time intervals, whilst specific reversal for vitamin K antagonists and dabigatran may also influence these. Ultrasound guidance, drug combinations and bleeding risk scores do not modify the time intervals. In peripheral nerve blocks with low bleeding risk (superficial, compressible), these time intervals do not apply.

CONCLUSION
In patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications, practitioners must consider the bleeding risk both before and after nerve blockade and during insertion or removal of a catheter. Healthcare teams managing such patients must be aware of the risk and be competent in detecting and managing any possible haematomas.