bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal predictors of weapon involvement in middle adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Villadsen Aase , Fitzsimons Emla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study uses longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 13,277) to examine the childhood and early adolescence factors that predict weapon involvement in middle adolescence, which in this study is exemplified by having carried or used a weapon. It finds that childhood experiences of low family income and domestic abuse between parents predict weapon involvement at age 17 years. Other predictors include childhood externalizing problems and self‐harm in early adolescence. Further early adolescent behaviors and experiences that predict weapon involvement are own substance use, peer substance use, school exclusion, and high levels of electronic gaming. These findings provide concrete areas for targeting risk factors both in childhood and the early adolescent period, with an indication that early intervention and prevention are likely to reduce the need for later action.
An Integrated 3D Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity Design for Artificial Sweating Skin (i‐TRANS) Mimicking Human Body Perspiration
Authors: Peng Yucan , Zhou Jiawei , Yang Yufei , Lai Jian‐Cheng , Ye Yusheng , Cui Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial skins reproducing properties of human skin are emerging and significant for study in various areas, such as robotics, medicine, and textiles. Perspiration, as one of the most imperative thermoregulation functions of human skin, is gaining increasing attention, but how to realize ideal artificial skin for perspiration simulation remains challenging. Here, an integrated 3D hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity design is proposed for artificial sweating skin (i‐TRANS). Based on normal fibrous wicking materials, the selective surface modification with gradient of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) creates hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity contrast in both lateral and vertical directions. With the additional help of bottom hydrophilic Nylon 6 nanofibers, the constructed i‐TRANS is able to transport “sweat” directionally without trapping undesired excess water and attain uniform “secretion” of sweat droplets on the top surface, decently mimicking human skin perspiration situation. This fairly comparable simulation not only presents new insights for replicating skin properties, but also provides proper in vitro testing platforms for perspiration‐relevant research, greatly avoiding unwanted interference from the “skin” layer. In addition, the facile, fast, and cost‐effective fabrication approach and versatile usage of i‐TRANS can further facilitate its application.
Implantable Electroceutical Approach Improves Myelination by Restoring Membrane Integrity in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Demyelinating Neuropathy
Authors: Intisar Aseer , Shin Hyun Young , Kim Woon‐Hae , Kang Hyun Gyu , Kim Min Young , Kim Yu Seon , Cho Youngjun , Mo Yun Jeoung , Lim Heejin , Lee Sanghoon , Lu Q. Richard , Lee Yun‐Il , Kim Minseok S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough many efforts are undertaken to treat peripheral demyelinating neuropathies based on biochemical interventions, unfortunately, there is no approved treatment yet. Furthermore, previous studies have not shown improvement of the myelin membrane at the biomolecular level. Here, an electroceutical treatment is introduced as a biophysical intervention to treat Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease—the most prevalent peripheral demyelinating neuropathy worldwide—using a mouse model. The specific electrical stimulation (ES) condition (50 mV mm−1, 20 Hz, 1 h) for optimal myelination is found via an in vitro ES screening system, and its promyelinating effect is validated with ex vivo dorsal root ganglion model. Biomolecular investigation via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that ES ameliorates distribution abnormalities of peripheral myelin protein 22 and cholesterol in the myelin membrane, revealing the restoration of myelin membrane integrity. ES intervention in vivo via flexible implantable electrodes shows not only gradual rehabilitation of mouse behavioral phenotypes (balance and endurance), but also restored myelin thickness, compactness, and membrane integrity. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an electroceutical approach with the optimal ES condition has the potential to treat CMT disease and restore impaired myelin membrane integrity, shifting the paradigm toward practical interventions for peripheral demyelinating neuropathies.
Hitherto Unknown Solvent and Anion Pairs in Solvation Structures Reveal New Insights into High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wahyudi Wandi , Guo Xianrong , Ladelta Viko , Tsetseris Leonidas , Nugraha Mohamad I. , Lin Yuanbao , Tung Vincent , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Li Qian , Xu Kang , Ming Jun , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolvent‐solvent and solvent‐anion pairings in battery electrolytes have been identified for the first time by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These hitherto unknown interactions are enabled by the hydrogen bonding induced by the strong Lewis acid Li+, and exist between the electron‐deficient hydrogen (δ+H) present in the solvent molecules and either other solvent molecules or negatively‐charged anions. Complementary with the well‐established strong but short‐ranged Coulombic interactions between cation and solvent molecules, such weaker but longer‐ranged hydrogen‐bonding casts the formation of an extended liquid structure in electrolytes that is influenced by their components (solvents, additives, salts, and concentration), which in turn dictates the ion transport within bulk electrolytes and across the electrolyte‐electrode interfaces. The discovery of this new inter‐component force completes the picture of how electrolyte components interact and arrange themselves, sets the foundation to design better electrolytes on the fundamental level, and probes battery performances.
Lanthanide Ion Resonance‐Driven Rayleigh Scattering of Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modality Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Ding Lei , Shan Xuchen , Wang Dejiang , Liu Baolei , Du Ziqing , Di Xiangjun , Chen Chaohao , Maddahfar Mahnaz , Zhang Ling , Shi Yuzhi , Reece Peter , Halkon Benjamin , Aharonovich Igor , Xu Xiaoxue , Wang Fan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight scattering from nanoparticles is significant in nanoscale imaging, photon confinement. and biosensing. However, engineering the scattering spectrum, traditionally by modifying the geometric feature of particles, requires synthesis and fabrication with nanometre accuracy. Here it is reported that doping lanthanide ions can engineer the scattering properties of low‐refractive‐index nanoparticles. When the excitation wavelength matches the ion resonance frequency of lanthanide ions, the polarizability and the resulted scattering cross‐section of nanoparticles are dramatically enhanced. It is demonstrated that these purposely engineered nanoparticles can be used for interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy. Conceptually, a dual‐modality iSCAT microscopy is further developed to identify different nanoparticle types in living HeLa cells. The work provides insight into engineering the scattering features by doping elements in nanomaterials, further inspiring exploration of the geometry‐independent scattering modulation strategy.
The Effect of Deposition Conditions on Heterointerface‐Driven Band Alignment and Resistive Switching Properties
Authors: Yong Zhihua , Ram Mamidala Saketh , Persson Karl‐Magnus , Subramanian Gomathy Sandhya , Wernersson Lars‐Erik , Pan Jisheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTitanium nitride and hafnium oxide stack have been widely used in various resistive memory elements since the materials are complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatible. The understanding of the interface properties between the electrode and the oxide is important in designing the memory behavior. To bridge this understanding, HfOxgrown using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) are compared, in terms of band alignment and electrical performances in the HfOx/PEALD TiN stacks. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a thicker interfacial TiO2layer in the PEALD HfOx/TiN stack whose interface resembles more to the PEALD HfOx/TiO2interface (conduction band offset ΔEC= 1.63 eV), whereas the TALD HfOxstack interface resembles more to the TALD HfOx/TiN interface (ΔEC= 2.22 eV). The increase in the forming voltage and the early onset of reverse filament formation (RFF) in theI–Vmeasurements for the PEALD HfOxstack confirms the presence of the thicker interfacial layer; the early onset of RFF is likely related to a smaller ΔEC. The findings show the importance of understanding the intricate details of the material stack, where ΔECdifference and the presence of a thicker TiO2interfacial layer due to different deposition procedures affect the device performance.
Water Droplet‐Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Hasan Md Al Mahadi , Zhang Tongtong , Wu Heting , Yang Ya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater is one of the most sustainable resources in the world, offering an abundance of hydro energy. Getting a large amount of electricity through conventional water energy harvesting is expensive, with complex mechanisms and bulky installation systems. In the case of the small amount of energy for some portable electronic devices and sensor systems, water droplet harvesting as a sustainable energy resource has become a forward‐looking step to meet the future demand for green energy. The ultimate demand for green energy in the future requires all the possible sustainable energy sources surrounding human society. The emerging potential of water droplet‐driven energy‐harvesting nanogenerators can meet a significant portion of the green energy demand. In this review, the recent developments in droplets‐driven nanogenerators for effective energy scavenging is summarized. It also includes an extensive discussion about the device structures from the material selection and output performance aspects. This review also gives a brief discussion on the applications of droplet‐based nanogenerators and outlines the future possibilities via the current improvement in designs and fabrication strategies that have been introduced by the field.
Improving maize sustainability with partial replacement of N fertilizers by inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Hungria Mariangela , Barbosa Julierme Zimmer , Rondina Artur Berbel Lirio , Nogueira Marco Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop worldwide and demands N fertilizers, which can be replaced partially by plant growth‐promoting bacteria. In Brazil, inoculants carrying Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6 have exponentially grown, but a quantitative study on the replacement of N fertilizer by inoculants is still missing. Under greenhouse conditions, we investigated the effects of A. brasilense cells and metabolites applied via seeds or leaf‐sprayed at the V3 growth stage on roots and confirmed strong benefits in traits that improve the uptake of water and nutrients. In the field, 30 trials were performed at 13 sites in Brazil over 10 yr, comparing noninoculated and inoculated maize receiving 0, 50, 75, and 100% (90 kg ha–1 of N) of N fertilizer (urea) applied as side‐dress 35 d after emergence. Overall, inoculation significantly increased grain yield by 3.1%. Increases were confirmed in lower and higher yield levels, subtropical and tropical conditions, and clayey and sandy soils, with low and higher soil organic carbon levels. Yield increases due to inoculation were statistically significant at all levels of N fertilizer, except for at 50%. Inoculation with the supply of 75% of N increased yield by 4.6% compared with the noninoculated counterpart and, noteworthy, did not differ statistically from the non‐inoculated control receiving 100% of N. These results confirmed the feasibility of replacing 25% of N‐fertilizer applied as side‐dress by seed inoculation with A. brasilense, besides the possibility of avoiding the emission of 4.95 million Mg of CO2‐e per year.
Prognostic factors in conversion surgery following nab‐paclitaxel with gemcitabine and subsequent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Results of a dual‐center study
Authors: Igarashi Takamichi , Yamada Suguru , Hoshino Yui , Murotani Kenta , Baba Hayato , Takami Hideki , Yoshioka Isaku , Shibuya Kazuto , Kodera Yasuhiro , Fujii Tsutomu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), only radical surgery improves long‐term survival. We focused on surgical outcome after induction gemcitabine along with nab‐paclitaxel (GnP) and subsequent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S‐1 administration for unresectable locally advanced (UR‐LA) PDAC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 144 patients with UR‐LA PDAC between 2014 and 2020. The first‐line regimen of induction chemotherapy was GnP for 125 of the 144 patients. Of the 125 patients who received GnP, 41 who underwent radical resection after additional preoperative CRT were enrolled. We evaluated the prognostic factors for this treatment strategy.ResultsThe median length of preoperative GnP was 8.8 months, and 30 (73%) patients had normalized CA19‐9 levels. R0 resection was achieved in 36 (88%) patients. Postoperative major complications of ≥Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa developed in 16 (39%) patients. With a median follow‐up of 35.2 months, 14 (34%) patients developed distant metastasis postoperatively. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, prognostic analysis of the 41 cases revealed the 3‐y overall survival rate (OS) was 77.4% and the 5‐y OS was 58.6%. In univariate analysis, length of preoperative GnP (≥8 months), CA19‐9 normalization, and good nutritional status at operation (prognostic nutritional index ≥41.7) were significantly associated with favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed CA19‐9 normalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23; P = .032) and prognostic nutritional index ≥41.7 (HR 0.05; P = .021) were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionFor surgical outcome after induction GnP and subsequent CRT for UR‐LA PDAC, CA19‐9 normalization and maintenance of good nutritional status during treatment until surgery were important for prolonged prognosis.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds usingN‐Cbz Amides as an Acyl Source under Transition‐metal‐free Conditions at Room Temperature
Authors: Singh Shweta , Kandasamy Jeyakumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA wide range of functionalizedN‐Cbz amides underwent base‐promoted C−C coupling reactions with enolizable esters, ketones and amides to afford 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under mild conditions. The reactions proceeded at room temperature in the presence of LiHMDS in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The desired β‐ketoesters, β‐keto amides and 1,3‐diketones were obtained in good to excellent yields in a short reaction time. Broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance and metal‐free conditions are the merits of the developed methodology.
Entanglement Hamiltonians: From Field Theory to Lattice Models and Experiments
Authors: Dalmonte Marcello , Eisler Viktor , Falconi Marco , Vermersch Benoît 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResults about entanglement (or modular) Hamiltonians of quantum many‐body systems in field theory and statistical mechanics models, and recent applications in the context of quantum information and quantum simulation, are reviewed. In the first part of the review, what is known about entanglement Hamiltonians of ground states (vacua) in quantum field theory is summarized, based on the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem and its extension to conformal field theory. This is complemented with a more rigorous mathematical discussion of the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem, within the framework of Tomita–Takesaki theorem of modular groups. The second part of the review is devoted to lattice models. There, exactly soluble cases are first considered and then the discussion is extended to non‐integrable models, whose entanglement Hamiltonian is often well captured by the lattice version of the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem. In the last part of the review, recently developed applications in quantum information processing that rely upon the specific properties of entanglement Hamiltonians in many‐body systems are summarized. These include protocols to measure entanglement spectra, and schemes to perform state tomography.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Formal [2+1] and [4+1] Annulations of Diynes with Ketones via Carbonyl Ylides
Authors: Qi Lin‐Jun , Li Cui‐Ting , Huang Zheng‐Qi , Jiang Jia‐Tian , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Lu Xin , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbonyl ylides have proven to be powerful synthons for the efficient construction of various valuable O‐heterocycles, and the formation of carbonyl ylides by the reaction of metal carbenes with carbonyls has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. However, a catalyst‐controlled highly enantioselective reaction of carbonyl ylides from metal carbenes is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a novel copper‐catalyzed asymmetric formal [2+1] and [4+1] annulations of diynes with ketones via carbonyl ylides. Importantly, this protocol not only represents the first example of successful asymmetric epoxidation via carbonyl ylides, but also constitutes the first reaction of vinyl cations with carbonyl compounds. This method leads to the divergent, practical and atom‐economical synthesis of a range of chiral oxiranes and dihydrofurans in moderate to excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities via remote‐stereocontrol strategy.
Recent Advances in the Modification and Characterization of Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Lu Wenqi , Cao Yuchen , Qing Guangyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanopores, due to their advantages of being modifiable, controllability and sensitivity, have made a splash in recent years in the fields of biomolecular sequencing, small molecule detection, salt differential power generation, and biomimetic ion channels. In these applications, the role of chemical or biological modification is indispensable. Compared with small molecules, the modification of polymers is more difficult and the methods are more diverse. Choosing an appropriate modification method directly determines the success or failure of a research project; therefore, it is necessary to summarize polymer modification methods toward nanopores. In addition, it is also important to provide clear and convincing evidence that the nanopore modification is successful, the corresponding characterization methods are also indispensable. Therefore, this review will summarize the methods of polymer modification of nanopores and efficient characterization methods. We hope that this review will provide some reference value for like‐minded researchers.
Chalcones, a Privileged Scaffold: Highly Versatile Molecules in [4+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Mastachi‐Loza Salvador , Ramírez‐Candelero Tania I. , Benítez‐Puebla Luis J. , Fuentes‐Benítes Aydeé , González‐Romero Carlos , Vázquez Miguel A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChalcones are aromatic ketones found in nature as the central core of many biological compounds. They have a wide range of biological activity and are biogenetic precursors of other important molecules such as flavonoids. Their pharmacological relevance makes them a privileged scaffold, advantageous for seeking alternative therapies in medicinal chemistry. Due to their structural diversity and ease of synthesis, they are often employed as building blocks for chemical transformations. Chalcones have a carbonyl conjugated system with two electrophilic centers that are commonly used for nucleophilic additions, as described in numerous articles. They can also participate in Diels‐Alder reactions, which are [4+2] cycloadditions between a diene and a dienophile. This microreview presents a chronological survey of studies on chalcones as dienes and dienophiles in Diels‐Alder cycloadditions. Although these reactions occur in nature, isolation of chalcones from plants yields very small quantities. Contrarily, synthesis leads to large quantities at a low cost. Hence, novel methodologies have been developed for [4+2] cycloadditions, with chalcones serving as a 2π or 4π electron system.
Effects of aged garlic and ginkgo biloba extracts on the pharmacokinetics of sofosbuvir in rats
Authors: Wasef Abanoub K. , Wahdan Sara A. , Saeed Noha M. , El‐Demerdash Ebtehal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSofosbuvir is a direct acting antiviral (DAA) approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sofosbuvir is a substrate of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). For this reason, inhibitors, or inducers of intestinal P‐gp may alter the plasma concentration of sofosbuvir and increase or decrease its efficacy causing a significant change in its pharmacokinetic parameters. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between either aged garlic or ginkgo biloba extracts with sofosbuvir through targeting P‐gp as well as possible toxicities in rats. Rats were divided into four groups and treated for 14 days with saline, verapamil (15 mg/kg, PO), aged garlic extract (120 mg/kg, PO), or ginkgo biloba extract (25 mg/kg, PO) followed by a single oral dose of sofosbuvir (40 mg/kg). Validated LC‐MS/MS was used to determine sofosbuvir and its metabolite GS‐331007 in rat plasma. Aged garlic extract caused a significant decrease of sofosbuvir AUC(0−t) by 36%, while ginkgo biloba extract caused a significant increase of sofosbuvir AUC(0−t) by 11%. Ginkgo biloba extract exhibited a significant increase of the sofosbuvir t1/2 by 60%, while aged garlic extract significantly increased the clearance of sofosbuvir by 63%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of GS‐331007 were not affected. The inhibitory action of ginkgo biloba on P‐gp and the subsequent increase in the sofosbuvir plasma concentration did not show a significant risk of renal or hepatic toxicity. Conversely, although aged garlic extracts increased intestinal P‐gp expression, they did not alter the Cmax and Tmax of sofosbuvir and did not induce significant hepatic or renal toxicities.
Ink‐printed metal/graphene aerogel for glucose electro‐oxidation
Authors: Tsang Alpha Chi Him , Hui Kwun Nam , Hui Kwan San , Liu Biyuan , Yu Leyi , Shi Bin , Huang Haibao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has become one of the promising technologies for the development of bulk‐sized nanomaterial composites for electrocatalysis. However, traditional methods such as field deposition modeling and stereolithography are not suitable for the development of functionalized materials for practical use. A large number of studies have focused on the development of the direct ink writing (DIW) printing technique for the fabrication of graphene aerogel (GA)‐based electrodes with binders for electrocatalysis. Only a few studies have focused on the synthesis of GA materials from binder‐free graphene oxide (GO) using the DIW 3D printing method. Here, we describe the preparation of GA‐based electrodes (without size contraction) with different Pd–Pt loadings using the DIW printing method with a commercial 3D food printer. The electron microscopy results showed that a Pd–Pt/GA monolith with a high Pd–Pt loading (59.43 wt%) could be obtained. The DIW‐printed Pd–Pt/GA‐2 electrode showed good electrochemical performance in glucose electrooxidation (GOR), with a high output current density of 0.94 A g−1 in 0.3 M glucose/1 M NaOH solution at the 3000th cycle operation (60 h). This study shows the potential of DIW‐printed binder‐free Pd–Pt/GA electrodes for use in fuel cell applications.