bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field and Faraday rotation from large-scale interstellar medium to plasma near the black-hole horizon
Authors: WU Qingwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic fields appear to be ubiquitous in the astrophysical environments of our Universe, but are still poorly understood despite playing an important role in understanding different-scale celestial objects (e.g., Earth, planets, stars, normal galaxies, active galactic nuclei, clusters etc.). We briefly review the results and progress in magnetic field estimation based on rotation measures from the large-scale interstellar medium, megaparsec-scale radio jets to the plasma near the black-hole horizon. We find that there is no evident correlation between electron density and magnetic field in warm ionized plasma, which suggests that the estimation of the magnetic field from the ratio of the rotation measure and dispersion measure correctly reflects the intrinsic field. The estimation of the magnetic field from the rotation measure is also discussed near the black hole horizon in M 87. The Square Kilometre Array will greatly improve the understanding of the magnetic field in our Universe, which will provide high-quality polarization imaging and extragalactic rotation measures in the near future.
Exploring the quantum world with a third generation ultra-cold atom facility
Authors: Thompson R J , Aveline D , Chiow S W , Elliott E R , Kellogg J R , Kohel J m , Sbroscia M S , Phillips L , Schneider C , Williams J R , Bigelow N , Engels P , Lundblad N , Sackett C A , Woerner L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We briefly describe a ‘third generation’ follow-on to the Cold Atom Lab mission, currently operating aboard the ISS and the Bose–Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Lab mission, which is expected to launch in 2026. This mission would feature a modular design that would allow critical hardware to be optimized for specific investigations while allowing easy exchange with other hardware to enable a multi-user facility.
Asymmetric Rogers–Ramanujan type identities. I. The Andrews–Uncu conjecture
Authors: Chern Shane 
Published: November 2022

In this work, we start an investigation of asymmetric Rogers–Ramanujan type identities. The first object is the following unexpected relation

∑

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≥
0

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1

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+
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n

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q
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9

;

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=

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q

4

;

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∞

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q

12

;

q

18

)
∞

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5

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\begin{equation*} \sum _{n\ge 0} \frac {(-1)^n q^{3\binom {n}{2}+4n}(q;q^3)_n}{(q^9;q^9)_n} = \frac {(q^{4};q^{6})_\infty (q^{12};q^{18})_\infty }{(q^{5};q^{6})_\infty (q^{9};q^{18})_\infty } \end{equation*}

and its

a
a

-generalization. We then use this identity as a key ingredient to confirm a recent conjecture of G. E. Andrews and A. K. Uncu [Ramanujan J. (2023), DOI 10.1007/s11139-022-00685-y].
Testing Kronecker product covariance matrices for high-dimensional matrix-variate data
Authors: Yu Long , Xie Jiahui , Zhou Wang 
Published: November 2022

Summary
The Kronecker product covariance structure provides an efficient way to model the inter-correlations of matrix-variate data. In this paper, we propose test statistics for the Kronecker product covariance matrix based on linear spectral statistics of renormalized sample covariance matrices. A central limit theorem is proved for the linear spectral statistics, with explicit formulas for the mean and covariance functions, thereby filling a gap in the literature. We then show theoretically that the proposed test statistics have well-controlled size and high power. We further propose a bootstrap resampling algorithm to approximate the limiting distributions of the associated linear spectral statistics. Consistency of the bootstrap procedure is guaranteed under mild conditions. The proposed test procedure is also applicable to the Kronecker product covariance model with additional random noise. In our simulations, the empirical sizes of the proposed test procedure and its bootstrapped version are close to the corresponding theoretical values, while the power converges to $1$ quickly as the dimension and sample size increase.
Tranexamic acid and blood loss in pancreaticoduodenectomy: TAC-PD randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ishii Kenta , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Yonekawa Yoshihiko , Hayashi Daisuke , Kinoshita Fumie , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Okuno Masataka , Natsume Seiji , Minami Takayuki , Sugawara Gen , Seita Kazuaki , Sato Fumiya , Aoba Taro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Kurumiya Yasuhiro , Maeda Atsuyuki , Yamaguchi Ryuzo , Hiramatsu Kazuhiro , Ebata Tomoki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) may reduce intraoperative blood loss, but it has not been investigated in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods
A pragmatic, multicentre, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Adult patients undergoing planned PD for biliary, duodenal, or pancreatic diseases were randomly assigned to TXA or placebo groups. Patients in the TXA group were administered 1 g TXA before incision, followed by a maintenance infusion of 125 mg/h TXA. Patients in the placebo group were administered the same volume of saline as those in the placebo group. The primary outcome was blood loss during PD. The secondary outcomes included perioperative blood transfusions, operating time, morbidity, and mortality.

Results
Between September 2019 and May 2021, 218 patients were randomly assigned and underwent surgery (108 in the TXA group and 110 in the placebo group). Mean intraoperative blood loss was 659 ml in the TXA group and 701 ml in the placebo group (mean difference −42 ml, 95 per cent c.i. −191 to 106). Of the 218 patients, 202 received the intervention and underwent PD, and the mean blood loss during PD was 667 ml in the TXA group and 744 ml in the placebo group (mean difference −77 ml, 95 per cent c.i. −226 to 72). The secondary outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion
Perioperative TXA use did not reduce blood loss during PD.

Registration number
jRCTs041190062 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp).
Post-operative prevention and monitoring of Crohn’s disease recurrence
Authors: Lee Kate E , Cantrell Sarah , Shen Bo , Faye Adam S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are relapsing and remitting chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Although surgery for UC can provide a cure, surgery for CD is rarely curative. In the past few decades, research has identified risk factors for postsurgical CD recurrence, enabling patient risk stratification to guide monitoring and prophylactic treatment to prevent CD recurrence. A MEDLINE literature review identified articles regarding post-operative monitoring of CD recurrence after resection surgery. In this review, we discuss the evidence on risk factors for post-operative CD recurrence as well as suggestions on post-operative management.
Cars, Guns, Aging, and “Giving Up the Keys”
Authors: Betz Marian E , Polzer Evan R , Knoepke Christopher E , Prater Laura C , Simonetti Joseph A , Lee Teresa M , Meador Lauren E , Nearing Kathryn A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Age-associated changes can impair abilities for safe driving and the use of firearms. We sought to examine multiple perspectives on reducing access to firearms, including similarities and differences compared to reducing driving.

Research Design and Methods
Online focus groups and 1-on-1 interviews were conducted (November 2020 to May 2021) in the United States with: older adults who drove and owned firearms; family members of older adult firearm owners/drivers; professionals in aging-related agencies; and firearm retailers/instructors. Recorded sessions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed following a mixed inductive–deductive thematic analysis process.

Results
Among 104 participants (81 in focus groups, 23 in interviews), 50 (48%) were female, and 92 (88%) White. Key similarities: decisions are emotional and challenging; needs change over time; safety concerns are heightened by new impairments; prior experiences prompt future planning; tension between autonomy and reliance on trusted others; and strategies like reframing may ease transitions and avoid confrontations. Key differences: “retirement” was not an acceptable term for firearms; reducing driving may affect daily independence more, but there are few alternatives for the psychological safety conferred by firearms; and there are specific firearm-related legal concerns but more driving-related regulations, policies, and resources.

Discussion and Implications
The similarities and differences in the processes and preferences related to reducing driving or firearm access have implications for the development of resources to support planning and action. Such resources for the public and providers might empower older adults and their families to make voluntary, shared decisions, and reduce injuries and deaths.
Effect of dl-methionine supplementation above requirement on performance; intestinal morphology, antioxidant activity, and gene expression; and serum concentration of amino acids in heat stressed pigs
Authors: Morales Adriana , Sánchez Verónica , Pérez Bayron , Camacho Reyna L , Arce Néstor , Avelar Ernesto , González-Vega Jollie-Carolline , Htoo John K , Cervantes Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The intestinal morphology and function can be compromised in pigs exposed to heat stress (HS), partly due to increased production of reactive-oxygen species. Because methionine (Met) functions as intracellular antioxidant, the requirement of Met may be increased in HS-pigs. The effect of dietary supplementation with dl-Met above requirement on performance, small intestine morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, amino acid transporters expression, and serum concentration (SC) of free AA in HS-pigs was evaluated. A basal wheat–soybean meal diet was formulated to meet 100% Met requirement with the other indispensable AA exceeding at least 20% their requirement. Sixty individually housed pigs (23.0 ± 2.4 kg BW, 12 pigs per treatment) were randomly assigned to five treatments: TN100, thermal-neutral (22.7 °C) housed pigs fed the basal diet; HS100, HS120, HS140, HS160; HS-pigs (29.6 °C to 39.4 °C) fed the basal diet supplemented with dl-Met to contain 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% dl-Met above the requirement, respectively. Pigs had free access to feed and water during the 21-d trial. Blood samples were collected on day 18 to analyze the absorptive AA-SC. The effect of ambient temperature (HS100 vs. TN100), as well as the linear and quadratic effects of increasing Met levels in the diets for HS-pigs were analyzed. The HS100 pigs gained less weight than TN100 and HS120 pigs (P &lt; 0.01); gain:feed was also higher in HS120 pigs than in HS100 pigs (P ≤ 0.05). Feed intake of TN100 pigs was higher than that of HS-pigs fed the dl-Met supplemented diets (P &lt; 0.05). Villi height reduced in pigs HS, but Met supplementation quadratically increased it (P &lt; 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, reduced glutathione concentration, and relative expression of B0AT2 in ileum decreased (P &lt; 0.05), but glutathione peroxidase activity increased in HS-pigs. dl-Met supplementation linearly affected catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as the relative expression of b0,+AT in jejunum (P &lt; 0.05) of HS-pigs. The SC of Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, and Val were higher in HS100 pigs than in TN100 pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Graded levels of supplemental dl-Met in diets for HS-pigs linearly decreased SC of Ile, Leu, and Val (P &lt; 0.05), tended to decrease His, Lys, and Thr (P &lt; 0.10), and increased Met (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, HS had negative effect on weight gain and intestinal morpho-physiology; however, it was ameliorated by adding 20% Met above the requirement in diets for growing pigs.
Endothelial cell malfunction in unruptured intracranial aneurysm lesions revealed using a 3D-casted mold
Authors: Ono Isao , Abekura Yu , Kawashima Akitsugu , Oka Mieko , Okada Akihiro , Hara Shintaro , Miyamoto Susumu , Kataoka Hiroharu , Ishii Akira , Yamamoto Kimiko , Aoki Tomohiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are major causes of devastating subarachnoid hemorrhages. They are characterized by a chronic inflammatory process in the intracranial arterial walls triggered and modified by hemodynamic force loading. Because IA lesion morphology is complex, the blood flow conditions loaded on endothelial cells in each portion of the lesion in situ vary greatly. We created a 3D-casted mold of the human unruptured IA lesion and cultured endothelial cells on this model; it was then perfused with culture media to model physiological flow conditions. Gene expression profiles of endothelial cells in each part of the IA lesion were then analyzed. Comprehensive gene expression profile analysis revealed similar gene expression patterns in endothelial cells from each part of the IA lesion but gene ontology analysis revealed endothelial cell malfunction within the IA lesion. Histopathological examination, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that endothelial cells within IA lesions are damaged and dysfunctional. Thus, our findings reveal endothelial cell malfunction in IA lesions and provided new insights into IA pathogenesis.
Unique Presentation of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis With Urticarial Dermographia
Authors: Minns Robert M , Barranco-Trabi Javier J , Siemann David N , Chamas Adam , Shin Terry 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an acute complication of hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is treatable, and the management consists of potassium correction, beta-blockers, and antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. While TPP is well described in the literature, we describe a case of TPP with urticarial dermographia (UD) that resolved with a short course of antihistamines while continuing ATD therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of UD after methimazole (MMI) therapy in a TPP patient. A 25-year-old Cambodian active duty male with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with acute loss of lower extremity muscle tone with hypokalemia in the setting of previously undiagnosed Graves’ disease (GD). He was started on MMI but within 2 weeks developed a rash consistent with UD. This was successfully treated with a second-generation antihistamine while continuing his MMI. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is primarily treated by controlling the underlying thyroid disease causing paralysis. Methimazole is commonly chosen as a treatment due to its rapid efficacy and long duration of action. However, adverse effects like UD can occur. Current recommendations are that minor cutaneous reactions can be treated with antihistamines for the management of Graves’ disease. However, this case and others show that even moderate reactions can be managed in this manner. In a patient with TPP with UD after treatment with MMI, it is reasonable to attempt a trial of antihistamine before changing to another ATD.
Physical Trauma Following Rocket Warning Sirens in Israel
Authors: Manor Uri , Apterman Sagy , Ben-Haim Gal , Prat Dan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Civilians constitute a significant wartime target, and trauma accounts for most of their injuries. Air raid sirens have long been used to alert civilians of incoming attacks and have since expanded to warn from natural disasters. Sirens are known to cause significant emotional distress and physiological changes. Injuries inflicted from trauma while moving for shelter have yet to be described in the medical literature.

Methods
During the recent Israel–Gaza conflict of May 2021, most of Israel’s population experienced rocket warning sirens. We collected all adult (18&lt;) patients arriving at a major tertiary medical center emergency department (ED), attesting to having suffered their injury while rushing for shelter. Clinical and demographic data were retrieved and analyzed.

Results
A total of 48 patients were identified, with a mean age of 59.6 ± 20.0. Ten (21%) patients were admitted, and their mean length of stay was 4.4 ± 3.7 days. Women had a higher probability of being hospitalized (42.9% vs. 5.9%, P = .04), and those hospitalized tended to be older (68.8 ± 16.4 vs. 54.8 ± 20.8, P = .06). Elderly patients (65&lt;) had a higher risk of injury. Extremity injuries were most common (50%), before head trauma (29%) and torso injuries (25%). Most patients (38/48, 79.2%) were discharged from the ED, and the rest were hospitalized for observation or surgery. One patient died from a head injury.

Conclusions
This study implies that injuries while moving for shelter were a prevalent cause of physical injury to Israeli civilians during the Israel–Gaza 2021 conflict. Warning sirens injuries should be given appropriate attention—from prevention by directed media campaigns to post-conflict reimbursement.
How to interpret measurements of diffuse light in stacked observations of groups and clusters of galaxies
Authors: Ahad Syeda Lammim , Bahé Yannick M , Hoekstra Henk 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The diffuse light within galaxy groups and clusters provides valuable insight into the growth of massive cosmic structures. Groups are particularly interesting in this context, because they represent the link between galactic haloes and massive clusters. However, low surface brightness makes their diffuse light extremely challenging to detect individually. Stacking many groups is a promising alternative, but its physical interpretation is complicated by possible systematic variations of diffuse light profiles with other group properties. Another issue is the often ambiguous choice of group centre. We explore these challenges using mock observations for 497 galaxy groups and clusters with halo masses from $\sim 10^{12}$ to $1.5 \times 10^{15}\, \textrm {M}_{\odot }$ at redshift 0.1 from the Hydrangea cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. In 18 per cent of groups with at least five galaxies above $10^{9} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ in stellar mass, the r-band brightest galaxy is not the one at the centre of the gravitational potential; line-of-sight projections account for half of these cases. Miscentring does not significantly affect the ensemble average mass density profile or the surface brightness profile for our sample: even within ambiguously centred haloes, different centring choices lead to only a 1 per cent change in the total fraction of diffuse intra-group light, fIGL. We find strong correlations of fIGL with the luminosity of the central group galaxy and halo mass. Stacking groups in narrow bins of central galaxy luminosity will therefore make the physical interpretation of the signal more straightforward than combining systems across a wide range of mass.
Longitudinal MR spectroscopy to detect progression in patients with lower-grade glioma in the surveillance phase
Authors: Avalos Lauro N , Luks Tracy L , Gleason Tyler , Damasceno Pablo , Li Yan , Lupo Janine M , Phillips Joanna , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Taylor Jennie W , Chang Susan M , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring lower-grade gliomas (LrGGs) for disease progression is made difficult by the limits of anatomical MRI to distinguish treatment related tissue changes from tumor progression. MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) offers additional metabolic information that can help address these challenges. The goal of this study was to compare longitudinal changes in multiparametric MRI, including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, and 3D MRSI, for LrGG patients who progressed at the final time-point and those who remained clinically stable.MethodsForty-one patients with LrGG who were clinically stable were longitudinally assessed for progression. Changes in anatomical, diffusion, perfusion and MRSI data were acquired and compared between patients who remained clinically stable and those who progressed.ResultsThirty-one patients remained stable, and 10 patients progressed. Over the study period, progressed patients had a significantly greater increase in normalized choline, choline-to-N-acetylaspartic acid index (CNI), normalized creatine, and creatine-to-N-acetylaspartic acid index (CRNI), than stable patients. CRNI was significantly associated with progression status and WHO type. Progressed astrocytoma patients had greater increases in CRNI than stable astrocytoma patients.ConclusionsLrGG patients in surveillance with tumors that progressed had significantly increasing choline and creatine metabolite signals on MRSI, with a trend of increasing T2 FLAIR volumes, compared to LrGG patients who remained stable. These data show that MRSI can be used in conjunction with anatomical imaging studies to gain a clearer picture of LrGG progression, especially in the setting of clinical ambiguity.
Bundled Approach to Improve Inpatient Stroke Recognition and Time to Treatment
Authors: Drollinger Lindy , Prasun Marilyn A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of inpatient stroke is critical in reducing poor outcomes. A gap in knowledge and recognition of stroke by nursing staff was observed; protocols did not incorporate the Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, and Time (BE-FAST) symptom mnemonic, and code stroke documentation was frequently incomplete. PURPOSE: This initiative aimed to improve timely recognition, evidence-based treatment, and nursing documentation of stroke-related symptoms. METHODS: This quality improvement initiative implemented an inpatient nurse-driven code stroke bundle. A pre-post prospective intervention design was implemented over 3 months. Code stroke bundle components included an evidence-based protocol, algorithm, visual aids, and education. Nursing communication and documentation used the BE-FAST mnemonic in a Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation format. RESULTS: Nursing stroke knowledge improved 8% (88% vs 96%, P < .001); stroke response times improved 15 minutes (25.9 vs 11 minutes, P = .383), although not significant; the code stroke documentation completion rate was increased 48.1% (0 [0%] vs 13 [48.1%], P < .001); and improved utilization of the BE-FAST tool with Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation communication (0 [0%] vs 20 [47.6%], P = < .001) was observed. The code stroke cancelation rate slightly worsened (10 [26.3%] vs 14 [26.9%], P = .949), code stroke notifications for altered mental status improved (15 [39.5%] vs 8 [15.7%], P = .015), and the stroke mimic rate improved (27 [71.1%] vs 35 [67.3%], P = .708). CONCLUSION: Nurses provide hospital patient care continuously and are in a key position to intervene when patients present changes in symptoms. Through education and creating an evidence-based protocol, nurses can impact patient outcomes in early recognition and activation of the code stroke system. Further studies are warranted to refine strategies leading to continued improvement in early stroke identification.
Impact of a Virtual Patient Simulation on Nursing Students' Attitudes of Transgender Care
Authors: Altmiller Gerry , Wilson Cheryl , Jimenez Francisco A. , Perron Tracy 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Transgender individuals experience considerable prejudice and bias, creating barriers to health care.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a virtual patient simulation scenario of caring for a transgender adult on nursing students' attitudes and beliefs about transgender people.

Methods:
A validated 29-item instrument developed to assess an individual's view of transgender identity was administered in a pre-/posttest nonequivalent-groups design to junior- and senior-level nursing students.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups for the subscale human value.

Conclusions:
Findings support experiential learning in nursing as an effective tool in teaching cultural competence and sensitivity when caring for transgender patients. Attitudes and beliefs of senior nursing students and junior nursing students toward transgender individuals differed, with senior students being more receptive.