bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric perfect fluids from Extended Gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Mantica Carlo Alberto , Molinari Luca Guido 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A main issue in cosmology and astrophysics is whether the dark sector phenomenology originates from particle physics, then requiring the detection of new fundamental components, or it can be addressed by modifying General Relativity. Extended Theories of Gravity are possible candidates aimed at framing dark energy and dark matter in a comprehensive geometric view. Considering the concept of perfect scalars, we show that the field equations of such theories naturally contain perfect fluid terms. Specific examples are developed for the Friedman-Lemaître-Roberson-Walker metric.
Insect cuticular hydrocarbon composition influences their interaction with spider capture threads
Authors: Joel Anna-Christin , Schmitt Dorothea , Baumgart Lucas , Menzel Florian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Insects represent the main prey of spiders, and spiders and insects co-diversified in evolutionary history. One of the main features characterizing spiders is their web as a trap to capture prey. Phylogenetically, the cribellate thread is one of the earliest thread types that was specialized to capture prey. In contrast to other capture threads, it lacks adhesive glue and consists of nanofibres, which do not only adhere to insects via van der Waals forces but also interact with the insects' cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) layer, thus enhancing adhesion. The CHC layer consists of multiple hydrocarbon types and is highly diverse between species. In this study, we show that CHC interaction with cribellate capture threads is affected by CHC composition of the insect. We studied the interaction in detail for four insect species with different CHC profiles and observed a differential migration of CHCs into the thread. The migration depends on the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon types as well as their viscosity, influenced by the ambient temperature during the interaction. As a consequence, adhesion forces to CHC layers differ depending on their chemical composition. Our results match predictions based on biophysical properties of hydrocarbons, and show that cribellate spiders can exert selection pressure on the CHC composition of their insect prey.
Insulin-like peptide 3 stimulates hemocytes to proliferate in anautogenous and facultatively autogenous mosquitoes
Authors: Martinson Ellen O. , Chen Kangkang , Valzania Luca , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMost mosquito species are anautogenous, which means they must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs, while a few are autogenous and can produce eggs without blood feeding. Egg formation is best understood in the anautogenous mosquito Aedes aegypti, where insulin-like peptides (ILPs), ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) interact to regulate gonadotrophic cycles. Circulating hemocytes also approximately double in abundance in conjunction with a gonadotrophic cycle, but the factors responsible for stimulating this increase remain unclear. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, we determined that hemocyte abundance similarly increased in intact blood-fed females and decapitated blood-fed females that were injected with ILP3, whereas OEH, 20E or heat-killed bacteria had no stimulatory activity. ILP3 upregulated insulin-insulin growth factor signaling in hemocytes, but few genes – including almost no transcripts for immune factors – were differentially expressed. ILP3 also stimulated circulating hemocytes to increase in two other anautogenous (Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus) and two facultatively autogenous mosquitoes (Aedes atropalpus and Culex pipiens molestus), but had no stimulatory activity in the obligately autogenous mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis. Altogether, our results identify ILPs as the primary regulators of hemocyte proliferation in association with egg formation, but also suggest this response has been lost in the evolution of obligate autogeny.
The Economic Crisis in Greece and Cyprus. A Comparative Study
Authors: Maris Georgios , Maloina Stamatia 
Published: February 2022

Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο παρουσιάζει και συγκρίνει οικονομικά στοιχεία της Ελλάδας και της Κύπρου κατά την διάρκεια της τελευταίας δεκαετίας. Γίνεται μια ανάλυση και αξιολόγηση, όχι μόνο των οικονομικών διαπραγματεύσεων αλλά και των οικονομικών καταστάσεων που διαδραματίστηκαν και επηρέασαν τις εθνικές οικονομίες των δύο χωρών. Κύριο συμπέρασμα αυτής της μελέτης είναι ότι η οικονομική κρίση που έπληξε τις δύο χώρες, κατά την διάρκεια μιας δεκαετίας, έχει διαφορετικά αίτια αλλά παρόμοιες επιπτώσεις σε βασικούς πολιτικοοικονομικούς τομείς της εκάστοτε χώρας.
Four practice-based preliminary studies on Human Givens Rewind treatment for posttraumatic stress in Great Britain
Authors: Adams Shona , Allan Steven , Andrews William , Guy Keith , Timmins Jayne , Barr Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Background: Human Givens (HG) Rewind is a relatively unknown trauma-focussed treatment. This paper aimed to provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of Rewind to treat posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a variety of clinical settings in Great Britain. Methods: An observational prospective design was used in each of the four studies. Standardised questionnaires were administered in every session. Pre- and post-treatment means and effect sizes were calculated for each study, as were ‘recovery rates’ and ‘reliable change’ rates. Results: Across four studies, a total of 274 clients completed treatment and had complete data. The data capture rate ranged from 80-100%. The mean pre-treatment scores were in the severe range. The pre-post treatment effects sizes ranged from 1.90-2.68. The percentage of clients who were below the clinical cut-off after treatment ranged from 46-56% for the more conservative lower cut-offs, and ranged between 71-82% for the higher clinical cut-offs as used by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). Across the four studies, 83-96% of clients had ‘reliably improved’ (88-94% on trauma-specific questionnaires), with 4-17% having no reliable change on those questionnaires. The mean number of HG treatment sessions ranged from 5-6.5 sessions (range 1–24 sessions), with between 73% and 84% of participants completing treatment in six sessions or less. Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that HG Rewind appears to be a promising trauma treatment in a variety of settings. A randomised controlled trial is now required to determine the efficacy of this treatment.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: a living systematic review protocol
Authors: Correa-Pérez Andrea , Guijarro Jorge de Vicente , Gaetano Gil Andrea , Ocaña Jiménez Juan , Luengo González Raquel , Rigau Comas David , Bendersky Josefina , Rojas Reyes María Ximena , Plana Farrás María Nieves 
Published: February 2022

Background: Several primary studies and systematic reviews (SRs) have been published over the past 10 years to assess the safety and effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for ulcerative colitis. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for adult patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis. Methods: We will carry out a living systematic review including only randomized controlled trials (RCT) irrespective of publication type, year and language of publication. To prioritize the intervention (TFM administration route), comparisons (placebo, alternative treatment or no treatment) and outcomes (clinical remission, clinical relapse, serious adverse events, clinical response, free time without corticosteroid treatment and health related quality of life) more relevant for supporting the clinical decisions in the treatment of UC patients, we will perform a Delphi process conducted by an expert panel in the field of gastroenterology and colorectal surgery. Searches will be performed in Epistemonikos database and results will be incorporated into the L·OVE platform identified as “Fecal microbiota transplant in ulcerative colitis”. We will evaluate the risk of bias of the included randomized trials using the ROB-2 tool and assess the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. We will monitor the L ·OVE platform every two months searching for relevant trials that could imply changes in the available evidence. The living process will end after 12 months of surveillance. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021257579 (29/10/2021).
DENOTATION OF DISCOURSE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sushkova Aigul R. , Bilyalova Albina A. 
Published: February 2022

Background. Over the past thirty years, the concept of “discourse” has been closely integrated into many scientific disciplines, and therefore its determination is complicated. Researchers cannot come to a common opinion regarding this linguistic category. An overview of discourse in a diachronic perspective allows us to explore diverse approaches to its study and identify the most relevant definition of this linguistic term.
Purpose. In this paper, an attempt is made to interpret the term discourse by examining it in a diachronic aspect.
Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods (generalization, analysis) and a descriptive method.
Results. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical material, the authors summarize that there is no generally accepted interpretation of this linguistic category in the linguistic literature. The researchers agree and disagree in some ways, which is reflected in the inconsistency of their opinions. However, the review of scientific papers offered in this study makes it possible to get a summary view of linguists on this issue. Summarizing the data gained, the authors give their interpretation of the concept of “discourse”. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that a wide range of scientific applications of the term and the vector of scientific integration that is gaining popularity makes a significant contribution to the development of discourse theory as an interdisciplinary field of research.
Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied by researchers of scientific discourse, as well as in the preparation of textbooks on academic writing, the style of scientific text.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTRODUCTION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES BY THE EXAMPLE OF USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kudinova Olga A. , Kudinova Valentina I. , Kudinova Valentina I. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of methods used by teachers to enhance reading skills atforeign language lessonsusing mobile applications, which can be effectively used in the process of teaching/learning a foreign language, as well as the generalization of research results taking into account existing realities and trends.
Methodology. The research is based on the theoretical study and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, as well as Internet resources related to the topic under study and general scientific methods, i.e., analysis and generalization are used.
Results. The results of the survey show that mobile applications can be used at different stages of the lessons devoted to reading comprehension.It helps to activate the learning process of the students, improve their language competence and motivation.As a result of the analysis of the scientific material, it was suggested thatthe integration of mobile applications that are directly aimed at developing reading skills will allow teachers to develop their ICT skills and improve their teaching methods, as well as it will allow students to engage in active and interactive learning, which also makes the progress of each student noticeable and facilitates the assessment of their knowledge.
Practical implications. The results of the study will help optimize the use of mobile applications for developing reading skills at language teaching lessons in higher education.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY AND BUDDHISM VALUES
Authors: Bobyreva Ekaterina V. , Dmitrieva Olga A. 
Published: February 2022

The article considers dynamics and carries out comparison of significant valuable guidelines of Christianity and Buddhism which form the basis of theological conceptions if these world religions and demonstrate ideological and moral priorities of people professing these religions. The issues under consideration are of relevance as the problem considered in the article and reacquired results of the survey reveal the difference in the mentality of people confessing definite religion and as a result can remove difficulties arising in the process of communication of people sharing different religious views.
The aim of the carried investigation is to identify values forming the basis of the two of the world’s principal religions. To determine causes and main directions of historical dynamics of the pointed values as well as influence of the values of a certain religion on the society’s functioning.
In the process of conducting research the following methods were used: semantic and content analysis method, conceptual analysis and discourse analysis.
The study showed that the following values can be referred to traditional Christian values: faith, good (kindness), love, mercy, modesty, forgiveness, purity of morals, God. At the present stage of social development Christian values have undergone changes, and at present such values as life, truth, and good have come to the fore. Besides, modern Christianity refers to values such notions as patriotism, freedom and family values. Buddhism historically refers to the category of values the guidelines determining foundations of human life: correct views, correct intentions, correct speech, correct behavior, correct lifestyle, correct efforts, correct attention. At the present stage of social development modified values of Buddhism come to the forefront: cleansing the mind and developing wisdom, compassion, the law of karma and rebirth. In modern Buddhism, values present complex concepts implying that a person has particular moral qualities. The results of the study showed that Christian values have been kept unchanged, while values of Buddhism have been subject to changes under the influence of changing historical conditions.
Land Use Analysis of Central Business District (CBD) of Metropolis Saddar Karachi through SRS/GIS Techniques
Authors: Kausar Anila , Afsar Sheeba , Wazir Zohra , Lahori Altaf Hussain , Afzal Ambreen , Arif Junaid , Sydorenko Volodymyr , Pruskyi Andrii , Tyshchenko Vasyl 
Published: February 2022

The high density of buildings and roads are commonly associated with the Central Business District (CBD) of a metropolitan and multicultural city Karachi, Pakistan. It is the highly interactive place of a metropolis, therefore, considers functionally effective zones. This paper will prove even with a high rate of urbanization and expansion due to urban sprawl, still Saddar is the focus of attraction concerning several facts. The main objectives of the study were to explore the land-based cataloging of Saddar based on activity and to assess the environmental issues which are associated with this land use classification for the sustainability of CBD the people perception methods of identification of research, Land-use (LU) Analysis of Area of Interest (AOI) via, questionnaire-based surveying, and geo-coding of activities methods have been used in this study. The obtained results revealed that Saddar town covers land use approximately, 4.28% Leisure, 9.38% Shopping, Business or Trade, 7.9% Social, Institutional, or Infrastructure Related, 4.62% Mass Assembly of People, 6.37% Industrial, Manufacturing, and Waste Related, while 5.68% Traveler Movement,5.9% Natural Resource Related,52.40% Residential,3.4% No Human Activity or Unclassified. Approximately, 44.2% of the land use was engaged in capita producing activities, which reflects CBD’s functional strength. Overall, it recommended that there should be more green spaces in the CBD to improve air quality. Vertical urban gardening/forest can be implemented as Saddar has limited space and it is a concrete jungle having very less open space.
Smooth Contextual Bandits: Bridging the Parametric and Nondifferentiable Regret Regimes
Authors: Hu Yichun , Kallus Nathan , Mao Xiaojie 
Published: February 2022

Dynamic Personalized Decision Making Beyond the Super-Extrapolatable and Super-Local Cases Contextual bandit problems model the inherent trade-off between exploration and exploitation in personalized decision making in marketing, healthcare, revenue management, and more. Specifically, the trade-off is characterized by the optimal growth rate of the regret. Intuitively, the optimal rate should depend on how complex the underlying supervised learning problem is, namely, how much can observing reward in one context tell us about mean rewards in another. To formalize this intuitive relationship, Hu, Kallus, and Mao study in “Smooth Contextual Bandits: Bridging the Parametric and Nondifferentiable Regimes” a nonparametric contextual bandit problem in which mean reward functions are β-times differentiable (more generally, Hölder β-smooth). This interpolates between two extremes previously studied in isolation: nondifferentiable bandits (β ≤ 1), with which running separated noncontextual bandits in different context regions achieves rate-optimal regret, and parametric-response bandits (β = ∞), with which rate-optimal regret can be achieved with minimal or no exploration because of infinite extrapolatability across contexts. The authors develop a rate-optimal algorithm that operates neither fully locally nor fully globally, revealing the optimal regret rate in this in-between smooth setting and shedding light on the crucial interplay of functional complexity and regret in dynamic personalized decision making.
UMA ABORDAGEM DA CARNAVALIZAÇÃO EM MEMES POLÍTICOS
Authors: Cavalcante Francilene Leite , Cunha Dóris De Arruda C. da , Caiado Roberta Varginha Ramos 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa a carnavalização (Bakhtin 1996, 2018) em memes políticos que circulam na internet. Partimos da hipótese de que o gênero escolhido se caracteriza pela inversão da “lógica natural” dos objetos, pela representação “ao avesso” de fatos da “vida oficial” e pelo riso carnavalesco. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica é encontrada em Bakhtin (2014, 2011), Medviédev (2019) e Volóchinov (2017). O corpus do trabalho é um recorte constituído de quatro memes coletados no Facebook, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020. Examinamos a relação entre a linguagem da praça pública carnavalesca e a utilizada nos memes; o processo de carnavalização e o tipo de riso presente nos memes. Os resultados mostram que os memes políticos fazem uso de formas não polidas de dizer, de questionamentos que sinalizam para o rebaixamento do outro, pela crítica ou pelo deboche, despertando o riso dos internautas que partilham o posicionamento crítico do criador do meme.
Effect of legume varieties and fermentation time of tempe using usar inoculum on the inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme
Authors: Indrati Retno , Handayani Marta T. , Rahayu Novia Aristi , Pebrianti Suci Apsari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Indrati R, Handayani MT, Rahayu NA, Pebrianti SA. 2021. Effect of legume varieties and fermentation time of tempe using usar inoculum on the inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Biodiversitas 22: 5262-5267. The effect of three varieties of legumes, namely, velvet bean (Mucuna prurient), lima bean (Phasaelus lunatus L.), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), on the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors was studied during tempe fermentation. Fermentation is one way to produce bioactive peptides. Furthermore, the effect of inoculum usar on tempe fermentation was studied. Hydrophobic amino acids are essential in binding firmly to the active site of ACE, and the research showed that pigeon pea had higher levels of hydrophobic amino acids compared with soybeans. The legumes affected the protease activity, peptide content, degree of hydrolysis, and production of ACE inhibitory (ACEI) activity during tempe fermentation. High protein levels and peptide content did not guarantee a high ACE inhibitor level. The mixed culture of usar caused no effect on the production of ACE inhibitors compared with a single culture of Raprima. Legume beans that reached optimal fermentation fast produced high levels of ACE inhibitors. Of the three types of legumes tested in the study, lima beans had the highest ACEI activity during fermentation.
Screening of selected Indonesian plants for antiplatelet activity
Authors: Fakhrudin Nanang , Mufinnah Fatiya Farih , Husni Muhammad Faishal , Wardana Arief Eka , Wulandari Eradhian Irma , Putra Arbie Ristanto , Santosa Djoko , Nurrochmad Arief , Wahyuono Subagus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Fakhrudin N, Mufinnah FF, Husni MF, Wardana AE, Wulandari EI, Putra AR, Santoso D, Nurrichmad A, Wahyunono S. 2021. Screening of selected Indonesian plants for antiplatelet activity. Biodiversitas 22: 5268-5273. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the discovery of bioactive compounds targeting platelet aggregation is a promising approach for combating cardiovascular diseases. Indonesia has plants diversity with the potential to be developed as antiplatelet agents. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the antiplatelet potential of selected Indonesian plant extracts. The plant extracts (100 µg mL-1) were evaluated for their antiplatelet activity in CaCl2-induced platelet aggregation in 96-well plates. In an aggregometer, the active extracts were further evaluated in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. The antiplatelet agents, aspirin, and ticagrelor were used as reference drugs in the respective screening assays. Of the 139 tested extracts, ten demonstrated antiplatelet activity in CaCl2-induced platelet aggregation. The evaluation of the ten active extracts in ADP-induced platelet aggregation revealed four active extracts. The most active extract was the methanol extract of Cinnamomum sintoc bark, followed by the methanol extract of Leea aequata leaf, and the dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Physalis angulata petal with moderate activities. This study provides essential scientific evidence for the development of antiplatelet agents from plant origins.
Arthropods discovered in lower and upper pitchers of Nepenthes at Rampa-Sitahuis Hill, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: MA’ARIF TARIGAN MHD. RAFI’I , DURAN COREBIMA ALOYSIUS , ZUBAIDAH SITI , ROHMAN FATCHUR 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Corebima AD, Zubaidah S, Rohman F. 2021. Arthropods discovered in lower and upper pitchers of Nepenthes at Rampa-Sitahuis Hill, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5358-5366. This research aimed to identify the families of arthropods trapped in the upper and lower pitchers of Nepenthes in Rampa Sitahuis Hill Area, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This descriptive qualitative research used an experimental method of data analysis. The arthropods were obtained from the upper and lower pitchers of N. rafflesiana, N. gracilis, N. eustachya, N. ampullaria, and N. sumatrana. Consequently, ten families of arthropods, namely Culicidae, Formicidae, Araneidae, Calliphoridae, Rhyparochromidae, Salticidae, Curculionidae, Blattellidae, Coccinellidae, and Tridactylidae were identified. Culicidae and Formicidae were the most abundant arthropods trapped in Nepenthes’ lower and upper pitchers because Nepenthes functioned as a microhabitat and breeding ground for Culicidae (adult mosquitoes) and Formicidae (ant larvae). Thus, these species established a mutualistic symbiosis in which ants used the tendrils of Nepenthes to lay their eggs and collected nectar generated by the honey glands, while the egg-laying process aids in the pitcher’s breakdown process.