bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualification of Mechanical Interference Fit Connection for Offshore Pipeline Application
Authors: Eka Putra I. Wayan , M. Adnan Mas Nazli Aziah Bt , Badaruddin M. Fauzi B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Subsea pipeline is still considered a major cost contributor for offshore oil and gas field development. One of the major factors which affect this high cost is expensive installation cost due to expensive pipelay barge mobilization/demobilization cost, daily charter rate, as well as low speed for pipelay using welding. Several technologies were being considered to further optimize capital expenditure (CAPEX) for subsea pipeline installation. Mechanical Interference Fit Connector (MIFC) is currently being considered as an option to optimize the cost for rigid offshore pipeline installation. However, this technology is new in Malaysia, and the normal regulatory requirement for the application is still based on welding. There was a requirement to demonstrate the design and integrity of the MIFC to meet the conventional requirement for pipeline welding as part of the regulatory requirement for a permit to install (PTI) and permit to operate (PTO). This paper presents the approach to assess the design and performance of the MIFC joint. The assessment includes design verification using finite element analysis (FEA), and subsequent validation by full-scale testing. Several cases have been analyzed and tested to simulate the full-life cycle loading of the pipeline, starting from joint preparation, offshore installation loading, hydrotest loading and in-place loading during operation. The outcome of the modeling and verification by full-scale testing concluded that the MIFC was able to meet and even exceed the minimum requirement of the joint integrity during the full life cycle of the pipeline loading from installation until operation. As a result, the joint acceptance criteria envelope can be designed as acceptance criteria for regulatory purposes and for offshore application quality assurance and control purpose in-lieu of the acceptance criteria by welding. This approach has then been accepted by Malaysian Regulatory for PTI/PTO requirement and successfully applied for one of the pipeline projects in one of PETRONAS subsidiary as first application in Malaysia and the world longest MIFC application for a single subsea pipeline. This successful application opens the possibility for replication to other fields and other pipeline operators in Malaysia.
Challenges and Mitigation Strategies for High-Rate Gas Well Testing in High-Pressure-High-Temperature DST Operation
Authors: Hemaprasertsuk Jakpakorn , Ratawessanun Watanapong , Bandyopadhyay Parthasarathi , Chia Boon Shin , Thanudamrong Suphawich , Hamdan Mohamad Kamal , Kongpat Nitipong , Akbayev Beibit , Ngan Arthur Cheng Ho 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Well testing provides useful data for reservoir characterization during various stages of field life, from exploration, development to production. The key information that are typically can be obtained are, information on reservoir properties, deliverability, and pressure data. However, if the data acquisition during the well testing is compromised it can also lead to incorrect data and could lead to a wrong understanding of the reservoir and could results in sub-optimal field development. Therefore, it is important to emphasize on the quality of the data being acquired.
This paper captures the experiences gained for a high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) exploration well DST where data acquisition was compromised in the 1st well drilled in the structure. A combination of temperature transient effect and tubing movement in the well during shut in resulted in data quality which can't be interpreted with confidence. The lessons learnt from the same was captured and addressed successfully in the subsequent well which enabled quality data acquisition.
The objective of this paper is to share the challenges and mitigation strategies for a HPHT DST with the help of two DST operation where the challenges resulted in less-than-optimum data quality and the one where they were mitigated. The range of challenges came from planning, to gauge placement, to identify potential problems early, and even having proper contingency plans to cater for unplanned events.
The paper also deals with some of the best practices which can help with any DST program. Key examples are pre-job modeling, accurate temperature measurement and modeling, real-time data acquisition, and a special focus on sampling as a part of a successful DST program.

Disclaimer
All parameters cited in this paper are purposely made in ambiguous manner to maintain confidentiality of the data.
Dental Students and COVID 19
Authors: Koppolu Pradeep , Tanvir Syed Bilal , Lingam Amara Swapna , Noor Muhammad Zakir , Barakat Ali , Alwahibi Mohammed Saleh , Almoallim Hesham , Aqerban Ali , Noushad Mohammed , Niazi Fayez Hussain 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Coronavirus is an emerging respiratory pathogen that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), as per the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the state of awareness and extent of knowledge about COVID-19 among dental students from India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 872 participants from December 2020 to January 2021. Random sampling was performed using an electronic questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were performed to assess and compare the mean knowledge score between different demographic data.

Results:
Approximately 60% (n = 520) of the responders were women and 40% responders were men (n = 352). The responders were from Saudi Arabia (36.9%; n = 322), India (34.2%; n = 298), and Pakistan (28.8%; n = 252). The difference within the subgroups was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05), indicating that dental students of all subparameters possessed equal knowledge on COVID-19.

Conclusions:
Dental students possess sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, qualifying them at least to work in a medical ward. However, more emphasis must be placed on infection prevention and control policies such as hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and pre- and postexposure prophylaxis.
Comparative Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women and Age-Matched Men
Authors: Kodliwadmath Ashwin , Nanda N. , Duggal Bhanu , Kumar Barun , Mondal Debopriyo , Bhat Shashikantha 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) differs in women and men with respect to risk factors, clinical presentation, complications and outcome. The major reason for the differences has been the effect of estrogen which protects women from coronary artery disease (CAD) till menopause. Women develop CAD one decade later than men. Hence, we compared the profile of ACS in postmenopausal women with age-matched men to see, does the difference still exist.

Materials and Methods:
Comparative prospective study of 50 postmenopausal women as study group and fifty age-matched men as a control group diagnosed with ACS, who were admitted in a medical college hospital from December 2013 to September 2015. Chi-square test and Student's t-test have been used to find the significant association of study parameters between women and men.

Results:
Chest pain was the main complaint in the majority of the women (76%) and men (88%). Radiation of chest pain (60%) and sweating (72%) were significantly present in men compared to women (24% and 26%, respectively), whereas breathlessness was significantly present in women (40%) compared to men (16%). Women had later presentation to the hospital after symptom onset compared to men. Women had a higher respiratory rate (22.02 cycles/min) compared to men (20 cycles/min) and more crepitations compared to men. Men had more ventricular tachycardia (14%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (4%), whereas women had all other complications more than or same as men and higher in-hospital mortality (14%) compared to men (8%).

Conclusion:
Postmenopausal women with ACS had more atypical presentation of symptoms, later presentation to hospital, more tachypnea, more crepitations, more complications, and higher in-hospital mortality compared to men of the same age group. The difference in the profile of ACS continues to exist even after menopause and age matching.
An in vitro Evaluation of Efficacy of ViaSpan, Aloe vera, Gatorade Solution, and Propolis Storage Media for Maintaining the Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability
Authors: Misurya Rajat , Sharma Sandeep , Syed Ismail Prabu Mahin , Gupta Nitika , Rajan Reshma , Kaur Rasveen , Babaji Prashant 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Replantation is a commonly performed method for avulsed tooth. A vital periodontal membrane (periodontal ligament [PDL]) is significant for the successful healing of replanted teeth. Hence, various storage media are used to preserve the viability of periodontal cells before replantation.

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ViaSpan, Aloe vera, Gatorade solution, and propolis storage media for maintaining the PDL cell viability.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted on 40 recently extracted teeth which were randomly divided into four study storage groups: Group I: ViaSpan, Group II: Aloe vera, Group III: Gatorade solution, and Group IV: Propolis. Later they were subjected to centrifugation, and the cells from supernatant were colored with 0.4% trypan blue for determination of viability. The obtained data were statistically evaluated with SPSS package (21.0 version, Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA) using analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney test, and Post hoc tests.

Results:
The mean viable periodontal cell in Group I was 30.2 cumm, in Group II was 24.6 cumm, Group III was 14.5 cumm, and Group IV in 31.4. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). Post hoc test between different groups revealed a significant difference in mean viable periodontal cells (P < 0.001). Propolis, ViaSpan, and Aloe vera had higher pH and osmolality values.

Conclusion:
This study found that propolis had higher periodontal cell viability followed by ViaSpan solution and Aloe vera and least in Gatorade solution. Propolis, ViaSpan, and Aloe vera media can be used as a storage media.
Normative Data for Ulnar Nerve Conduction and the Influence of Gender and Height on Ulnar Nerve Conduction Velocity in Healthy Nigerians
Authors: Owolabi Lukman Femi , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed , Ibrahim Aliyu , Owolabi Shakirah Desola , Gwaram Baffa Adamu , Onwuegbuzie Gerald 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Despite the usefulness of ulnar nerve conduction studies in identifying disorders of ulnar nerves, there is a lack of normative values for the ulnar nerve in Nigerian population.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to generate normative values for motor and sensory ulnar nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in Nigerian population and to determine the influence of gender and height on ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 healthy volunteers were selected after clinical evaluation to exclude common causes of ulnar neuropathy. We carried out NCS of ulnar nerves on all the healthy volunteers according to a standardized protocol. The NCS parameters included in the final analysis were amplitude, latency, NCV, and f-wave latency. Ethical approval was obtained for the study.

Results:
The mean ulnar nerve sensory velocity was 55.22 ± 5.67 with 2.5 and 97.5 percentile of 46.9 and 70.1, respectively. The mean latency of the ulnar nerve (sensory) was 2.97 ± 0.62 with 2.5 and 97.5 percentile of 2.00 and 4.52, respectively. The mean amplitude of the ulnar nerve (sensory) was 35.56 ± 9.97 with 2.5 and 97.5 percentile of 15.9 and 57.7, respectively). The ulnar NCV was significantly (P = 0.0202) higher in male. Mild inverse correlation (r = 0.2) was found between ulnar NCV and height of the participants (P = 0.0089).

Conclusion:
In the Nigerian population, normative values of motor and sensory ulnar nerve conduction parameters are similar to the existing values in the literature. The ulnar NCV appeared to be influenced by height and gender.
Cholelithiasis in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo Funke , Akinsete Adeseye Micheal , Odeghe Emuobor Aghoghor , Olowoyeye Omodele Abosede , Okeke Ogonna Faustina , Seyi-Olajide Justina Oyioza , Akinsulie Adebola 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains prevalent in Nigeria and can be complicated by cholelithiasis even in children. There is still a dearth of knowledge about the occurrence of cholelithiasis in these children. The present study is aimed to determine the prevalence of cholelithiasis in pediatric SCD in Lagos and documents relevant socio-demographic and clinical correlates.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents aged 1–19 years with SCD attending the Paediatric Haematology Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. One hundred and forty-seven children were consecutively recruited into the study over 3 months and they all had sonographic examination of the gall bladder. The association between cholelithiasis, sociodemographic data, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, and the use of hydroxyurea was also documented.

Results:
The median age (range) of the study participants was 9.0 (1–19) years and majority were males (59.9%). The prevalence of cholelithiasis was 13.6% and the condition was most prevalent in adolescents (21.4%) compared to the younger children (6.5%). All the children with cholelithiasis were asymptomatic. Age and the frequency of crisis were significantly associated with cholelithiasis on multivariate analysis (P = 0.03, 0.045, respectively). The use of hydroxyurea was not significantly related to the occurrence of cholelithiasis.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cholelithiasis observed in this study is high. Routine screening of older children and adolescents with SCD, especially with the frequent crisis is suggested. Longitudinal studies to establish the relationship between hydroxyurea and cholelithiasis is also advocated.
Reliability of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in Hypertension and Diabetes. A comparative study
Authors: Goud E. V. Soma Sekhar , Verma Flora , Kulkarni Madhura Dattatraya , Gupta Shivangi , Choudhury Basanta Kumar , Rajguru Jagadish P. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Both dermatoglyphic and cheiloscopic patterns are genetically determined. These patterns are known to be associated with type II diabetes or diabetes mellitus and hypertension which are also considered to have genetic influence due to their familial occurrence. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare reliability of both cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics with hypertension and type II diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study conducted on 300 study participants. Both cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using validated techniques. Obtained patterns were analyzed and assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical software. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing the obtained data.

Results:
In the present study, no statistical correlation was obtained between either dermatoglyphic or cheiloscopic patterns and type II diabetes or hypertension.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that cheiloscopy or dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a predictive tool for assessing a subject's risk of developing type II diabetes or hypertension. These are contradictory findings, thus emphasizing more research in this area so that these noninvasive techniques can be used as predictive tools for developing essential hypertension or type II diabetes.
Simulation-Based Learning: Is it Time for a Paradigm Shift in Training Postgraduates for Crisis Resource Management? Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Umesh Soumya , Nagarajan Thenmozhi , Anantharaman Lakshmi Trikkur , Joseph Mary 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Crisis resource management (CRM) skills are nontechnical skills that are often neglected during the training of residents in the management of clinical emergencies. This study was conducted to assess the utility of high-fidelity simulation to enhance the learning of CRM among internal medicine postgraduates (PGs).

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining IEC approval, a total of ten (five 1st year and five 3rd year) internal medicine PG students were included by convenience sampling. Each student participated in four simulated emergencies in the simulation laboratory of a tertiary care hospital, one before and three after CRM training. They participated in groups of 3–5 at intervals of 15–30 days. All the scenarios were video graphed and viewed by the investigators and each student was assessed in each session for CRM using Ottawa global rating score (GRS). The outcome variable was an overall score (OS-ordinal from 1to 7). After the last session, a questionnaire was administered to assess the perceptions of the participants about the course. After 1 year, the participants self-assessed their CRM in a real emergency using GRS and also identified barriers for the application of CRM in real life. The statistical tests used were paired t-test, Student’s t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:
The mean OS at baseline was 3.9 ± 1.5 and after training, it improved to 4.6 ± 1.26 (P = 0.024). In the three posttraining sessions, the OS did not decline and this indicated good retention of CRM (P = 0.056). PGs had a consistently favorable opinion of this course. The self-assessed OS in a real emergency was 5.7 ± 0.82. The barriers to CRM application in real emergencies were lack of practice and lack of team training.

Conclusions:
High fidelity simulation is an effective and acceptable method of teaching CRM to internal medicine PGs and should be incorporated into the PG curriculum.
Comparison of continuous preperitoneal infiltration versus patient controlled analgesia for pain control in elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Hwee Ng Li , Zhe Teh Jin , Huei Tan Jih , Lip Henry Tan Chor , Rahim Elyaraitul Nadia Bt , Ee Ivan Ho Khor , Ismail Hanis Maisarah , Ming Raymond Lim Zhun , Muniandy Jothinathan , Khee Chan Koon , Jun Tan Lin , Sulaiman Omar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Post-operative analgesia is crucial in enhanced recovery after surgery and to minimize post-operative complications. There remains data paucity on the efficacy of preperitoneal analgesia (PPA) compared to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). This study aims to examine the efficacy of preperitoneal infusion as analgesia following elective colorectal surgery.

Methods:
This is a prospective cross-sectional study of all patients which underwent elective colorectal surgeries, performed in a tertiary surgical referral center with dedicated colorectal unit. Patients from May 2017 to April 2021 who underwent elective colorectal surgery were included in this study. Pain scores were reviewed and analyzed at regular intervals post-operatively for comparison.

Results:
Amongst the 200 patients included, there were 174 patients in the PPA arm and 26 patients using PCA. Patients in the PPA group were older age (63.29 vs 56.00, P = 0.003). A total of 118 patients in PPA cohort (67.8%) and 21 from PCA cohort (80.8%) underwent open surgery and the remaining 82 patients underwent laparoscopic surgeries. Although postoperative pain scores were consistently below 5 and reduced in trend from 2 hours to 96 hours postoperatively in both groups, the pain scores on coughing markedly reduced in the PPA group when compared PCA alone. The total dosage of opioid required in PPA cohort was also significantly lower when compared to PCA group at the first 24 hours postoperatively 12.21 (±13.0) vs 20.0 (±14.43), P = 0.048.

Conclusions:
PPA is a comparable modality for analgesia after elective colorectal surgery that reduces the opioid requirement postoperatively giving adequate pain relief. PPA should be considered as an alternative modality for multi-modal analgesia.
Use of EMLA cream for skin anesthesia and epidural insertion in the patients with cesarean delivery
Authors: Doi Katsushi , Ueda Yoko , Imamachi Noritaka 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Pain relief of epidural anesthesia in cesarean delivery is difficult. EMLA, a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine, is effective for pain reduction during venipuncture and superficial surgery. However, its effectiveness during epidural insertion is not well elucidated. The aim of this randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the efficacy of EMLA for epidural insertion in elective cesarean delivery.

Methods:
With Institutional Review Board approval and written patients’ informed consent, forty-two ASA physical status 2 patients (aged 23–45) scheduled for elective cesarean section were included in this study. The patients were randomized to applied ELMA (EMLA group) or placebo cream (Placebo group) about one hour prior to anesthesia. Pain during skin infiltration with 1% mepivacaine and subsequent insertion of Tuohy needle was assessed immediately after each procedure. The presence of patient's response with physical withdrawal on both procedures was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Median VAS values on skin infiltration and on insertion of Tuohy needle did not differ between groups. The incidence of patient's response with physical withdrawal on skin infiltration was not different between groups. However, that on insertion of Tuohy needle was significantly lower in EMLA group than in Placebo group (0%, 21%).

Conclusions:
EMLA cream could not reduce the pain during epidural insertion.