bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Ablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, Irreversible Electroporation, and Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Intermediate Size (3–5 cm) Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Sanne , Dijkstra Madelon , Puijk Robbert S. , Geboers Bart , Ruarus Alette H. , Schouten Evelien A. , Nielsen Karin , de Vries Jan J. J. , Bruynzeel Anna M. E. , Scheffer Hester J. , van den Tol M. Petrousjka , Haasbeek Cornelis J. A. , Meijerink Martijn R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Based on good local control rates and an excellent safety profile, guidelines consider thermal ablation the gold standard to eliminate small unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, efficacy decreases exponentially with increasing tumour size. The preferred treatment for intermediate-size unresectable CRLM remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare safety and efficacy of local ablative treatments for unresectable intermediate-size CRLM (3–5 cm).

Recent Findings
We systematically searched for publications reporting treatment outcomes of unresectable intermediate-size CRLM treated with thermal ablation, irreversible electroporation (IRE) or stereotactic ablative body-radiotherapy (SABR). No comparative studies or randomized trials were found. Literature to assess effectiveness was limited and there was substantial heterogeneity in outcomes and study populations. Per-patient local control ranged 22–90% for all techniques; 22–89% (8 series) for thermal ablation, 44% (1 series) for IRE, and 67–90% (1 series) for SABR depending on radiation dose.

Summary
Focal ablative therapy is safe and can induce long-term disease control, even for intermediate-size CRLM. Although SABR and tumuor-bracketing techniques such as IRE are suggested to be less susceptible to size, evidence to support any claims of superiority of one technique over the other is unsubstantiated by the available evidence. Future prospective comparative studies should address local-tumour-progression-free-survival, local control rate, overall survival, adverse events, and quality-of-life.
Galloping Vibration Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Lines by Chirped FBG Array
Authors: Yan Qizhong , Zhou Ciming , Feng Xuebin , Deng Chi , Hu Wenyu , Xu Yimin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA distributed online fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) enhanced by the drawing tower fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is presented and investigated experimentally for monitoring the galloping of overhead transmission lines. The chirped FBG array enhanced Φ-OTDR sensing system can be used to measure the galloping behavior of the overhead transmission lines (optical phase conductor or optical power ground wire), which are helpful for monitoring the frequency response characteristics of the ice-induced galloping, evaluating the motion tendencies of these cables, and avoiding the risk of flashover during galloping. The feasibility of the proposed online monitoring system is demonstrated through a series of experiments at the Special Optical Fiber Cable Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China (Beijing, China). Results show that the proposed system is effective and reliable for the monitoring of galloping shape and characteristic frequency, which can predict the trend of destructive vibration behavior and avoid the occurrence of cable breaking and tower toppling accidents, and these features are essential for the safety operation in smart grids.
The evaluation of preventive and control measures on congenital syphilis in Guangdong Province, China: a time series modeling study
Authors: Tang XiJia , Chen Wen , Tang Shang Qing , Zhao Pei Zhen , Ling Li , Wang Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of preventive and control measures for congenital syphilis (CS) implemented since 2012 in Guangdong Province, China, and assess the epidemic trend in the near future.

Methods
The interrupted time series analysis was conducted to compare changes in slope and level of CS notification rate from 2005 to 2020 in Guangdong Province and its three regions with different economic developmental levels. The ARIMA model was established to predict the new CS case number of Guangdong Province in 2021.

Results
A total of 12,687 CS cases were reported from 2005 to 2020. The CS notification rate of the province had been increasing until 2012 (128.55 cases per 100,000 live births) and then been decreasing constantly, hitting the lowest point in 2020 (5.76 cases per 100,000 live births). The severe epidemic cluster shifted from the developed region to underdeveloped ones over time. The effectiveness of the measures was proved by the significant change in the slope of the notification rate which was found in both of the provinces (− 18.18, 95% CI − 25.63 to − 10.75) and two less-developed regions (− 10.49, 95% CI − 13.13 to − 7.86 and − 32.89, 95% CI − 41.67 to − 24.10, respectively). In the developed region where the notification rate had already been decreasing in the pre-implementation period, implementing these measures also aided in hastening the rate of descent. The CS case number in 2021 was predicted to be 48, indicating a low-level epidemic.

Conclusions
The preventive and control measures have assisted Guangdong Province to control CS effectively, of which the supportive ones ensured a successful implementation. For resource-limited countries where CS is still endemic, especially guaranteeing the support in financial subsidy, professional training, supervision and so on might trigger the effectiveness of other measures and eventually make significant and sustainable progress.
Microwave synthesis of duplex α/β-SiAlON ceramic cutting inserts: Modifying m, n, z values, synthesis temperature, and excess Y2O3 synthesis additive
Authors: Hong Dongbo , Yin Zengbin , Guo Fuzhou , Yuan Juntang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuplex α/β-SiAlON ceramic cutting inserts (30α:70β) were synthesized by microwave sintering. The effects of solid solution parameters (m, n, z), synthesis temperature, and amount of excess Y2O3 synthesis additive on phase assemblage, microstructure, mechanical properties, and cutting performance were systematically investigated. It was found that increasing m value could improve the formation of α phase while high z value over 1.0 resulted in the dissolution of α phase into β phase and intergranular phase. Increasing the amount of excess Y2O3 could promote densification and elongated β grain growth; however, the excess Y2O3 amount above 4 wt% resulted in substantial crystallization of M’SS phase, thus declining the mechanical properties and wear resistance. The microwave-synthesized α/β-SiAlON cutting insert with modified parameters (m = 1.7, n = 1.0, z = 0.7, and 3 wt% excess Y2O3) was obtained with optimal comprehensive properties, whose tool life was found to increase by approximately 75% in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 superalloy compared to the commercial α/β-SiAlON cutting insert.
Intermittent failure mechanism and stabilization of microscale electrical contact
Authors: Ma Tianbao , Yu Zhiwei , Song Aisheng , Zhao Jiahao , Zhang Haibo , Lu Hongliang , Han Dandan , Wang Xueyan , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe stability and lifetime of electrical contact pose a major challenge to the performance of microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as MEMS switches. The microscopic failure mechanism of electrical contact still remains largely unclear. Here conductive atomic force microscopy with hot switching mode was adopted to simulate the asperity-level contact condition in a MEMS switch. Strong variation and fluctuation of current and adhesion force were observed during 10,000 repetitive cycles, exhibiting an “intermittent failure” characteristic. This fluctuation of electrical contact properties was attributed to insulative carbonaceous contaminants repetitively formed and removed at the contact spot, corresponding to degradation and reestablishment of electrical contact. When contaminant film was formed, the contact interface became “metal/carbonaceous adsorbates/metal” instead of direct metal/metal contact, leading to degradation of the electrical contact state. Furthermore, a system of iridium/graphene on ruthenium (Ir/GrRu) was proposed to avoid direct metal/metal contact, which stabilized the current fluctuation and decreased interfacial adhesion significantly. The existence of graphene enabled less adsorption of carbonaceous contaminants in ambient air and enhanced mechanical protection against the repetitive hot switching actions. This work opens an avenue for design and fabrication of microscale electrical contact system, especially by utilizing two-dimensional materials.
COVID-19 and Dental Education: the Experience of the Dental School from the University of Milan
Authors: Varoni Elena Maria , Sardella Andrea , Lodi Giovanni , Iriti Marcello , Carrassi Antonio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In late February 2020, Lombardy became one of the outbreak areas of the novel coronavirus pandemic, leading to the revolution of traditional teaching. Here, we describe our teaching experience at the Dental School of the University of Milan, with a focus on the management of distance learning and clinical training. Distance education was enhanced with streaming lectures and videos of clinical procedures. Students’ opinions on this “digital revolution” were very positive, despite few technical and organizational problems. For assuring the clinical training, we completely renovated the structural architecture from open spaces to closed spaces. The pandemic changed dental education with future repercussions.
On the Mordell–Weil lattice of $$y^2 = x^3 + b x + t^{3^n + 1}$$ in characteristic 3
Authors: Leterrier Gauthier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the elliptic curves given by $$y^2 = x^3 + b x +t^{3^n+1}$$

y
2

=

x
3

+
b
x
+

t

3
n

+
1

over global function fields of characteristic 3 ; in particular we perform an explicit computation of the L-function by relating it to the zeta function of a certain superelliptic curve $$u^3 + b u = v^{3^n + 1}$$

u
3

+
b
u
=

v

3
n

+
1

. In this way, using the Néron–Tate height on the Mordell–Weil group, we obtain lattices in dimension $$2 \cdot 3^n$$

2
·

3
n

for every $$n \ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, which improve on the currently best known sphere packing densities in dimensions 162 (case $$n=4$$

n
=
4

) and 486 (case $$n=5$$

n
=
5

). For $$n=3$$

n
=
3

, the construction has the same packing density as the best currently known sphere packing in dimension 54, and for $$n=1$$

n
=
1

it has the same density as the lattice $$E_6$$

E
6

in dimension 6.
Next generation of polyolefin plastics: improving sustainability with existing and novel feedstock base
Authors: Reznichenko Alexander , Harlin Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this account, we present an overview of existing and emerging olefin production technologies, comparing them from the standpoint of carbon intensity, efficiency, feedstock type and availability. Olefins are indispensable feedstock for manufacture of polyolefin plastics and other base chemicals. Current methods of olefin production are associated with significant CO2 emissions and almost entirely rely of fossil feedstock. In order to assess potential alternatives, technical and economic maturity of six principal olefin production routes are compared in this paper. Coal (brown), oil and gas (grey), biomass (green), recycled plastic (pink) as well as carbon capture and storage (purple) and carbon capture and utilization (blue) technologies are considered. We conclude that broader adoption of biomass based “green” feedstock and introduction of recycled plastic based olefins may lead to reduced carbon footprint, however adoption of best available technologies and introduction of electrocracking to existing fossil-based “grey” olefin manufacture process can be the way to achieve highest impact most rapidly. Adoption of Power-to-X approaches to olefins starting from biogenic or atmospheric CO2 and renewable H2 can lead to ultimately carbon–neutral “blue” olefins in the long term, however substantial development and additional regulatory incentives are necessary to make the solution economically viable.

Article highlights

In this account, we introduce a color coding scheme to differentiate and compare carbon intensity and feedstock types for some of the main commercial and emerging olefin production routes.

Most viable short term improvements in CO2 emissions of olefin production will be achieved by discouraging “brown” coal based production and improving efficiency of “grey” oil and gas based processes.

Gradual incorporation of green and recycled feedstock to existing olefin production assets will allow to achieve substantial improvements in carbon efficiency in longer term.
Boron and Lithium Isotopic Signatures of Nanometer-Sized Smectite-Rich Mixed-Layers of Bentonite Beds From Campos Basin (Brazil)
Authors: Clauer Norbert , Williams Lynda B. , Uysal I. Tonguç 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoron and lithium were analyzed in three nanometer-sized (<20, 20-50 and 50-100 nm) separates of two Santonian (85.8-83.5 Ma) bentonite samples collected closely in the Campos Basin along the southeastern Atlantic coast (Brazil). The B and Li data give various trends that suggest varied crystallization conditions for separates that consist of overwhelming smectite with less than 9% illitic layers. The δ11B of the few illitic tetrahedral sites from one of the samples remains quite constant, while its contents are strictly correlated with those of K, which suggests that illitization proceeded by interaction with pore fluids of the host sediments that supplied the K. In the second sample, the δ11B of the illite layers from the two coarser fractions is indicative of an early volcanic origin, while the smaller size fraction also interacted with sedimentary fluids. Favored by octahedral substitutions of the smectite layers, the δ7Li is more strictly regulated by a volcanic link. In turn, the information of the B and Li isotopic compositions and contents from studied mixed-layers suggests a various origin for the few illite layers of the smectite-rich I-S that contain more B than the smectite layers that host more Li. The difference appears to be sample-site and crystal-size dependent, fueled by pore fluids of the hosting turbidites.
The Aspern Papers and Other Tales, 1884–1888
Authors: James Henry 
Published: March 2022

The Cambridge Edition of the Complete Fiction of Henry James provides, for the first time, a scholarly edition of a major writer whose work continues to be read, quoted, adapted and studied. The nine tales in this volume, published between 1884 and 1888, include 'The Aspern Papers', set in Venice and featuring a devious scholar attempting to steal the letters of an American poet from his former lover, and 'The Liar,' on the world of painters and their models. These tales exemplify James's continuing interest in the art of short fiction during a period which saw him responding to the stimulations of French naturalism and successfully reworking the international theme that had made him famous at the end of the 1870s. Extensive explanatory notes enable modern readers to understand the tales' historical, cultural and literary references.
U.S. Dairy Farm Transition and Exits, 1987–2017
Authors: Son Miyeon , Richard Jessica , Lambert Dayton M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis analysis examines aggregate structural changes in the United States dairy industry, 1987–2017. We estimate the likelihood of operation changes in herd size, entry, or exits for each of the lower 48 states using a semiparametric Markov process model. Small- and medium-sized dairy longevity correlates with higher dairy margins and productivity improvements. An increase in consumer expenditures on dairy products is associated with smaller operation exits. Industry dynamics exhibit a persistent trend toward consolidation in most states. The exit probability for each state and all size classes has increased significantly for most states since 2002.
Adolescent Medical Decisionmaking Rights: Reconciling Medicine and Law
Authors: Coleman Doriane Lambelet , Rosoff Philip M. 
Published: March 2022

Dennis Lindberg came into his aunt’s care when he was in the 4th grade because his parents struggled with drug addiction and could not provide for him. At thirteen, he was baptized in his aunt’s faith as a Jehovah’s Witness. Just days after he turned fourteen, on November 6, he was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.The prognosis was that Dennis had a 75% chance of cure with standard oncology treatment. Consistent with the requirements of his new faith, however, Dennis told his doctors, “I do not want to be treated if the requirement is that I would have to take a blood transfusion.” His aunt, whose custodial rights seem not to have included medical decisionmaking, was adamant that “[t]his is Dennis’s decision.”The hospital social worker assigned to Dennis’s case assured his aunt that “having just turned 14, [he] could be considered mature enough to make his own decisions.” But hospital psychologists declined to evaluate Dennis’s maturity because they did “not have the tools for such an assessment.” Established hospital policy described the failure to provide a minor with necessary, life-saving care as medical neglect. Hospital ethicists advised that Dennis’s autonomy interests were outweighed by the benefits associated with treatment. And, standard oncology practice norms are that doctors should push back against minors’ lifesaving treatment refusals. Still, Dennis’s doctor agreed with his social worker and aunt, saying, “We owe respect to a 14-year-old[.]” In this view, he was supported by colleagues on staff and by hospital counsel.A county judge got the case only at the eleventh hour, on an emergency motion filed by Dennis’s parents and Child Protective Services for a declaration of dependency and to compel the necessary transfusion. Although Dennis was degrading rapidly, his doctor testified that if a transfusion were ordered that day, Dennis still had a 70% chance of survival. The judge had no background in the applicable law and no time to research the issues; nevertheless, he denied the motion concluding, “It is time to do what Dennis has decided.” “Seven hours later, at 6 p.m., on Nov. 28, Dennis died.”1
Marine outlet glacier dynamics, steady states and steady-state stability
Authors: Sergienko O. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laterally confined marine outlet glaciers exhibit a diverse range of behaviours. This study investigates time-evolving and steady configurations of such glaciers. Using simplified analytic models, it determines conditions for steady states, their stability and expressions for the rate of the calving-front migration for three widely used calving rules. It also investigates the effects of ice mélange when it is present. The results show that ice flux at the terminus is an implicit function of ice thickness that depends on the glacier geometric and dynamic parameters. As a consequence, stability of steady-state configurations is determined by a complex combination of these parameters, specifics of the calving rule and the details of mélange stress conditions. The derived expressions of the rate of terminus migration suggest a non-linear feedback between the migration rate and the calving-front position. A close agreement between the obtained analytic expressions and numerical simulations suggests that these expressions can be used to gain insights into the observed behaviour of the glaciers and also to use observations to improve understanding of calving conditions.
CONSERVATION THEOREMS ON SEMI-CLASSICAL ARITHMETIC
Authors: FUJIWARA MAKOTO , KURAHASHI TAISHI 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe systematically study conservation theorems on theories of semi-classical arithmetic, which lie in-between classical arithmetic
$\mathsf {PA}$
and intuitionistic arithmetic
$\mathsf {HA}$
. Using a generalized negative translation, we first provide a structured proof of the fact that
$\mathsf {PA}$
is
$\Pi _{k+2}$
-conservative over
$\mathsf {HA} + {\Sigma _k}\text {-}\mathrm {LEM}$
where
${\Sigma _k}\text {-}\mathrm {LEM}$
is the axiom scheme of the law-of-excluded-middle restricted to formulas in
$\Sigma _k$
. In addition, we show that this conservation theorem is optimal in the sense that for any semi-classical arithmetic T, if
$\mathsf {PA}$
is
$\Pi _{k+2}$
-conservative over T, then
${T}$
proves
${\Sigma _k}\text {-}\mathrm {LEM}$
. In the same manner, we also characterize conservation theorems for other well-studied classes of formulas by fragments of classical axioms or rules. This reveals the entire structure of conservation theorems with respect to the arithmetical hierarchy of classical principles.
Network analysis of tail-biting in pigs – the impact of missed biting events on centrality parameters
Authors: Wilder T. , Krieter J. , Kemper N. , Büttner K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith social network analysis, group structures of animals can be studied. However, underlying behavioural observations face problems of missing events or deviations between observers. The current study analysed the robustness of node-level network parameters based on tail-biting observations in pigs affected by missed events. Real observations of one observer were used as a gold standard to build true networks and to compare two sets of erroneous networks to them. The first set consisted of networks from different observers of the same data basis. The second set consisted of networks with a fixed error rate (random samples of the gold standard). The stability of the ranking order was used as an indication of accuracy (range 0–1; ≥0.49 good accuracy; ≥0.81 very good accuracy). Comparing observers with true networks yielded overall bad accuracy scores. Generally, outgoing network parameters (active: biting) provided better accuracy scores than ingoing network parameters (passive: being bitten). The results of sampled networks showed decreasing accuracy scores with increasing error rates. At the same error rate, longer observation periods yielded better accuracy scores. For sampled networks, differences between outgoing and ingoing network parameters were more distinct and local parameters (direct contacts) provided better accuracy scores than global parameters (direct and indirect contacts). Overall, sampled networks with 3/10 missed events yielded good to very good accuracy. As networks with more observations handle missed events better, studies of behavioural observations always need to evaluate the required accuracy and feasible workload. The current study gives insights in the accurate estimation of behavioural observations.
ENT symptoms of mask-wearing in the coronavirus disease 2019 era
Authors: Koseoglu S , Cakıcı K , Demirtaş M , Gokdogan O , Ucuncu H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveAnalysis of the otorhinolaryngological problems caused by mask-wearing in the coronavirus disease 2019 era.MethodsA survey with 26 questions was sent by e-mail to 576 individuals.ResultsThe most frequently worn masks were three-layer surgical ear loop masks (n = 434, 80.1 per cent), followed by N95 or filtering facepiece code 2 masks (n = 58, 10.7 per cent), and cloth masks (n = 50, 9.2 per cent). The most bothersome symptoms caused by mask-wearing were difficulty in nasal breathing (n = 227, 41.8 per cent), nasal itching and pain (n = 93, 17.2 per cent), earache (n = 88, 16.2 per cent), difficulty in expressing oneself (n = 73, 13.5 per cent), difficulty in understanding speech (n = 56, 10.3 per cent), and ear itching (n = 5, 0.9 per cent).ConclusionThe problems associated with mask-wearing may result in avoidance of wearing them. Thus, there is a need for new methods that will reduce the problems related to mask-wearing, to increase their use in the community.