bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep and Professional Burnout in Nurses, Nursing Technicians, and Nursing Assistants During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: DOS SANTOS Mariana Alvina , PEREIRA Flávia Helena , DE SOUZA CALIARI Juliano , OLIVEIRA Henrique Ceretta , CEOLIM Maria Filomena , ANDRECHUK Carla Renata Silva 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic may trigger sleep disorders and burnout in nursing professionals.

Purpose
This study was designed to describe the occurrence of sleep disorders and burnout in a nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional approach was used. The questionnaire was administered via the Internet. All of the participants were nursing professionals who had provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and data were collected between June and August 2020. Sociodemographic and work characterization instruments, the Jenkins Sleep Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used.

Results
Five hundred seventy-two nursing professionals (nurses, nursing technicians, and nursing assistants) responded. Slightly over one quarter (26.4%) presented a sleep disorder, and 17.3% presented burnout. Professional category was a factor found to be associated with having a sleep disorder. Moreover, a lower prevalence both of disorders and of starting to use sleep medication was found among nurses than nursing assistants. Moreover, an association was found between having a high level of emotional exhaustion burnout and being a nursing technician, having a higher number of patients needing care, and starting to use sleep medication. The level of burnout related to depersonalization was significantly higher for nursing assistants, those with a weekly workload of 50 hours or more, and those starting to use sleep medication. Furthermore, burnout related to personal accomplishment was significantly higher in those starting to use sleep medication. Among the participants with sleep disorders, according to Jenkins Sleep Scale results, all of the participants presented a high or moderate level of emotional exhaustion and a high level of burnout related to personal accomplishment.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The findings indicate that the incidence of sleep disorders and burnout were high among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and mainly related with starting to use sleep medication. The results demonstrate the importance of detecting and assessing the frequency of sleep disorders and professional exhaustion. Interventions that aim to improve sleep quality and working conditions for these professionals should be developed.
Relationship Among Treatment Adherence, Family Functioning, and Self-Care Agency in Colombian Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: VARGAS-ESCOBAR Lina María , VALLE-BALLESTEROS Ruth , ALEMÁN-PARRA Claudia Marcela , PARRADO-SARMIENTO Ana Cristina , CORTES-MUÑOZ Fabián , SÁNCHEZ-CASAS Carolina 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Multiple factors affect treatment adherence in individuals with cardiovascular disease. However, information on the relationships among treatment adherence, family functioning, and self-care agency in these patients and their families is limited.

Purpose
This study was developed to determine the relationships among treatment adherence, family functioning, self-care agency, and sociodemographic variables in patients with cardiovascular disease. Self-care agency, as defined by Orem, is the dynamic process patients use to engage in their own healthcare that involves discerning and addressing factors that allow their making decisions that improve self-care abilities.

Methods
This cross-sectional, observational–analytical study enrolled 151 adult patients with cardiovascular diseases who had undergone pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments and 108 family members of these patients who had consented to participate. Measurements were performed using the “Questionnaire for measuring treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease,” the “Family Functioning Assessment Scale,” and the “Self-care Agency Scale.”

Results
Of the 151 patients, 119 (78.8%) were assessed as having a low risk of nonadherence, 60 (39.7%) as having low family functioning, and 131 (86.8%) as having high self-care agency. Treatment adherence and self-care agency showed a moderate and significant correlation (r = .66, p < .001). Similarly, treatment adherence and family functioning showed a low but significant correlation (r = .35, p < .001). Moreover, significant multivariate associations were found among the variables of interest. Patients with a low risk of nonadherence were found to be more likely to have a secondary or postsecondary education, not to have vision or hearing problems, and to have a contributory affiliation mode with the health system or private health insurance. In addition, participants with moderate or high levels of family functioning were less likely to be workers or to not have hearing or vision problems. Finally, significant differences were noted between patients with low self-care agency and those with high self-care agency in terms of kinship relationship with family members and affiliation mode with the health system.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The results of this research help clarify the issue of treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although family functioning and self-care agency were found to be low to moderately correlated with treatment adherence, relevant information regarding these variables and sociodemographic variables is presented in this study. Nurses may use these results as a reference to design nursing care plans and interventions to address the conditions of their patients more appropriately.
Participatory Approach to Create a Supportive Work Environment for Employees With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Bosma Astrid R. , Boot Cécile R.L. , Schaap Rosanne , Schaafsma Frederieke G. , Anema Johannes R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To evaluate a pilot implementation of an organizational-level intervention. The participatory approach (PA) was used to create a supportive work environment for employees with chronic conditions, with a key role for occupational physicians (OPs).

Methods
Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with OPs and stakeholders within their organizations. Furthermore, observational data and research notes were gathered. Data analysis occurred through content analysis.

Results
Recruitment of organizations was challenging, with a reach of 25%. Dose delivered, dose received, and fidelity differed across the three organizations. Organizations were positive about the PA as a method to improve support for employees with chronic conditions.

Conclusions
The PA could be of added value for creating a supportive work environment. However, research is needed on activating organizations to improve support for employees with chronic conditions.
Association of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Allergy in US Adolescents
Authors: Wang Huan , Gong Zekun , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate association between polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and allergy in US adolescents.

Methods
This study was conducted in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. PFAS as a universal pollutant can be obtained directly from laboratory data files. Allergy included current allergic symptoms and allergen sensitization. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between PFAS and allergy in US adolescents.

Results
Multivariate regression models showed that PFAS was positively associated with current allergic symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1–1.03). With PFAS as a categorical variable, compared with the lowest tertile, the adjusted odds ratios with increasing tertiles were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.74–1.96) and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01–2.74).

Conclusions
Our study shows that PFASs are associated with increased incidence of current allergic symptoms in US adolescents. More prospective studies are needed to provide evidences.
A 12-Week Cycling Workstation Intervention Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Inactive Office Workers
Authors: Guirado Terry , Metz Lore , Pereira Bruno , Brun Carole , Birat Anthony , Boscaro Audrey , Bergouignan Audrey , Thivel David , Duclos Martine 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a portable pedal machine intervention (60 minutes per working day) for 12 weeks on healthy tertiary employees’ cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
Anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiometabolic/inflammatory markers, physical fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time measured before and after the intervention were compared between office healthy workers who used a portable pedal machine (INT, n = 17) and those who did not (CTRL, n = 15).

Results
The INT group improved Δultrasensitive C-reactive protein (P = 0.008), Δtotal cholesterol (P = 0.028), and Δlight-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.048) compared with the CTRL group (Δ: T1–T0). The intervention reduced daily sitting time (P ≤ 0.01) and increased time spent at light intensity (P ≤ 0.01) and moderate-to-vigorous (P ≤ 0.01) physical activity compared with baseline values.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that promoting physical activity during workdays can reduce the negative health effects of spending too much time sitting and inactive.
Chronic Low-Level Cyanide Intoxication in an Electroplating Plant in Taiwan
Authors: Fan Hao-Yi , Luo Jiin-Chyuan John , Yeh Wei-Chung , Tsao Yu-Chung , Huang Pai-Tsang 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aimed to investigate clinical symptoms among electroplating workers exposed to cyanide.

Methods
In this study, 26 silver-plating and 51 gold-plating workers completed questionnaires and were tested for urinary thiocyanates. Air cyanide, urinary thiocyanates, and clinical symptoms were compared between workers using Student t and χ2 test and further analyzed by multivariate linear regression.

Results
Air cyanide and urinary thiocyanate were higher in the silver-plating plant than the gold-plating plant. In both plants, a dose-response relationship was observed between exposure status and thiocyanate levels. Silver-plating workers reported a higher frequency of almond odor detection, nasal bleeding, excessive salivation, skin scalding, and corrosion. Urinary thiocyanates were associated with the plant and exposure status, but not with smoking.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that silver-plating workers had higher exposure and more symptoms. Urinary thiocyanate may be a useful biomarker for cyanide exposure.
Determinants of Stress, Depression, Quality of Life, and Intent to Leave in Washington State Emergency Medical Technicians During COVID-19
Authors: Srikanth Pranav , Monsey Lily M. , Meischke Hendrika W. , Baker Marissa G. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
This study characterizes determinants of stress, depression, quality of life, and intent to leave among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the Puget Sound region, Washington, during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies areas for intervention on these outcomes.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey measured stress, depression, quality of life, and intent to leave among EMTs (N = 123). Regression models were developed for these outcomes.

Results
A total of 23.8% of respondents were very likely to leave their position in the next 6 months. Job demands predicted stress and depression, and financial security predicted stress and quality of life. Intent to leave was predicted by stress, manager support, and length of employment.

Conclusions
Increased exposure to hazards has impacted EMT mental health. Emergency medical technicians are vital to healthcare, so improving EMT health and well-being is important, as attrition during a pandemic could impact public health.
Distribution Pattern of the Monoamine Oxidase B Ligand, 18F-THK5351, in the Healthy Brain
Authors: Ishibashi Kenji , Miura Yoshiharu , Tago Tetsuro , Toyohara Jun , Higashihara Mana , Iwata Atsushi , Ishii Kenji 
Published: June 2022

Background

18F-THK5351 PET estimates the concentrations of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) that are preferentially located in astrocytes and can be used to visualize and quantify ongoing astrogliosis. To study images of astrogliosis in neurological disorders, it is essential to understand the detailed binding sites of 18F-THK5351 as the MAO-B ligand under normal conditions. In this study, we examined the detailed distribution pattern of 18F-THK5351 in the healthy brain by comparing 18F-THK5351 uptake between subjects taking and not taking the MAO-B inhibitor.

Methods
Ten healthy controls (HCs: 67.4 [SD, 15.1] years) and 4 patients with Parkinson disease taking the MAO-B inhibitor underwent 18F-THK5351 PET. The uptake ratio index (URI) was defined to quantify 18F-THK5351 uptake, using the cerebellum as a reference region. The cerebellar URI was set to zero.

Results
For HCs, regions with URI ≥1 were preferentially observed in the following order: the striatum, globus pallidus, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray, substantia nigra, medulla, hippocampus, and pons. The peak URI values in the corresponding regions were 2.93, 2.47, 2.12, 2.04, 1.84, 1.68, 1.67, 1.37, 1.20, and 1.11, respectively. For all patients with Parkinson disease taking the MAO-B inhibitor, the URI values in all these regions were significantly decreased (Z score >2) and were reduced from 60.4% to 99.9%, compared with HCs.

Conclusions
This study presented the detailed distribution pattern of 18F-THK5351 in HCs and suggests that 18F-THK5351 uptake largely reflects MAO-B concentrations under normal conditions.
Survival Benefit in Older Patients Transplanted With Viremic Hepatitis C Positive Kidneys When Compared With High KDPI Kidneys
Authors: Sibulesky Lena , Leca Nicolae , Limaye Ajit P. , Ramasamy Bakthavatsalam , Perkins James D. 
Published: June 2022

Background.
Because of the continued demand in kidney transplantation, organs from donors with risk criteria for blood-borne viruses, high Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) kidneys, and hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive kidneys are being considered. There continues to be reluctance on the part of the providers and the candidates to accept HCV-positive kidneys.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database of all adult (≥18 y old) recipients undergoing kidney transplant from May 10, 2013, to June 30, 2021. We compared patient and graft survival in candidates who received HCV-positive kidneys versus non–hepatitis C (Hep C) high KDPI kidneys by estimated posttransplant survival (EPTS) groups.

Results.
HCV-viremic kidneys were transplanted in 5.6% of patients in the EPTS >61% group compared with 5.1% of patients in the 21%–60% EPTS group and 1.9% of 0%–20% EPTS group (P < 0.001). Of all transplants performed in the EPTS 61%–100% group, 11.9% were KDPI >85% compared with 5.2% in the EPTS 21%–60%, and 0.5% in the EPTS 0%–20%. Patient survival was significantly longer at 1, 3, and 5 y in the EPTS >61% group who received Hep C–viremic or –nonviremic allografts compared with non–Hep C kidneys with KDPI >85%. When it comes to listing, only 25% of candidates in the EPTS >61% group were listed for Hep C nucleic acid testing–positive kidneys in 2021.

Conclusions.
Our findings could be used for counseling candidates on the types of kidneys they should consider for transplantation. Also, listing practices for viremic Hep C kidneys need continued re-evaluation.
Fluid phase biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Selmaj Krzysztof W. , Mycko Marcin P. , Furlan Roberto , Rejdak Konrad 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly heterogenic disorder with respect to clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment response. There is an urgent need to search for simply and reliable fluid body biomarker which would assist the diagnosis and prediction of clinical and treatment prognosis.

Recent findings
‘Traditional’ MS biomarkers, with exception of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands, still are having limited clinical value. Therefore, there is growing interest in novel molecules and ingredients. The most robust results have been generated with regard to cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of neurofilament light chains (NfL). However, there are still some limitations related to specificity of NfL which delays its use in everyday practice. We present a new approach to search for biomarkers involving extracellular RNA, particularly microRNA (miRNA), and small extracellular vesicles. MiRNA represents an important molecular mechanism influencing gene expression, including those involved in MS pathogenesis and extracellular vesicles transfer multiple cargo, including myelin molecules from parental cells of central nervous system to the long-distance targets.

Summary
MiRNAs which control gene expression in cells involved in autoimmune processes in MS as well as extracellular vesicles transferring myelin content might generate a new promising categories of biomarkers of MS.
Promoting exogenous repair in multiple sclerosis: myelin regeneration
Authors: Bezukladova Svetlana , Genchi Angela , Panina-Bordignon Paola , Martino Gianvito 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of the review
Despite the significant progress in the development of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS), repair of existing damage is still poorly addressed. Current research focuses on stem cell-based therapies as a suitable alternative or complement to current drug therapies.

Recent findings
Myelin damage is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis, and novel approaches leading to remyelination represent a promising tool to prevent neurodegeneration of the underlying axon. With increasing evidence of diminishing remyelination capacity of the MS brain with ageing and disease progression, exogenous cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for restoration of oligodendrocyte precursor cell pool reserve and myelin regeneration.

Summary
The present review summarizes recent developments of remyelinating therapies in multiple sclerosis, focusing on exogenous cell-based strategies and discussing related scientific, practical, and ethical concerns.
Endogenous clues promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lubetzki Catherine , Zalc Bernard , Kremer David , Küry Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The introduction some 30 years ago of β-interferon, followed by a panel of immunomodulators and immunosuppressants has led to a remarkable improvement in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Despite these noticeable progresses, which lower the number of relapses and thereby ameliorate patients’ quality of life, preventing long-term progression of disability is still an unmet need, highlighting the necessity to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at repairing demyelinated lesions and protecting axons from degeneration. The capacity of human brain to self-regenerate demyelinated lesion has opened a field of research aimed at fostering this endogenous potential.

Recent findings
The pioneer electron microscopic evidence by Périer and Grégoire [Périer O, Grégoire A. Electron microscopic features of multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1965; 88:937–952] suggesting the capacity of human brain to self-regenerate demyelinated lesion has opened a field of research aimed at fostering this endogenous potential. Here we review some recently identified mechanisms involved in the remyelination process, focusing on the role of electrical activity and the involvement of innate immune cells. We then provide an update on current strategies promoting endogenous myelin repair.

Summary
Identification of therapeutic targets for remyelination has opened an active therapeutic field in MS. Although still in early phase trials, with heterogenous efficacy, the door for myelin regeneration in MS is now opened.
MRI and laboratory monitoring of disease-modifying therapy efficacy and risks
Authors: Barnett Michael , Barnett Yael , Reddel Stephen 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Increasingly, therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is informed by imaging and laboratory biomarkers, in addition to traditional clinical factors. Here, we review aspects of monitoring the efficacy and risks of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) with both conventional and emerging MRI and laboratory measures.

Recent findings
The adoption of consensus-driven, stable MRI acquisition protocols and artificial intelligence-based, quantitative image analysis is heralding an era of precision monitoring of DMT efficacy. New MRI measures of compartmentalized inflammation, neuro-degeneration and repair complement traditional metrics but require validation before use in individual patients. Laboratory markers of brain cellular injury, such as neurofilament light, are robust outcomes in DMT efficacy trials; their use in clinical practice is being refined. DMT-specific laboratory monitoring for safety is critical and may include lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, autoimmunity surveillance, John Cunningham virus serology and COVID-19 vaccination seroresponse.

Summary
A biomarker-enhanced monitoring strategy has immediate clinical application, with growing evidence of long-term reductions in disability accrual when both clinically symptomatic and asymptomatic inflammatory activity is fully suppressed; and amelioration of the risks associated with therapy. Emerging MRI and blood-based measures will also become important tools for monitoring agents that target the innate immune system and promote neuro-repair.
Rapid adaptation of established high-throughput molecular testing infrastructure for detection of monkeypoxvirus
Authors: Nörz Dominik , Tang Hui Ting , Emmerich Petra , Giersch Katja , Fischer Nicole , Addo Marylyn M. , Aepfelbacher Martin , Pfefferle Susanne , Lütgehetmann Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince May 2022, a rising number of monkeypox-cases has been reported in non-endemic countries of the northern hemisphere. In contrast to previous clusters, infections seem predominantly driven by human-to-human transmission, rather than animal sources. In this study, we adapted two published qPCR assays (non-variola orthopoxvirus and monkeypoxvirus specific) for use as a lab-developed dual-target monkeypoxvirus-test on widely used automated high-throughput PCR-systems (cobas5800/6800/8800).MethodsSelected assays were checked for in-silico inclusivity and exclusivity in current orthopoxvirus sequences, as well as for multiplex compatibility. Analytic performance was determined by serial dilution of monkeypoxvirus reference material, quantified by digital PCR. Cross reactivity was ruled out through a clinical exclusivity set containing various bloodborne and respiratory pathogens. Clinical performance was compared to a commercial manual RUO-kit using clinical remnant samples.ResultsAnalytic lower limit of detection (LoD) was determined as 4.795 dcp/ml (CI95%: 3.598 - 8.633 dcp/ml) for both assays combined, with a dynamic range of at least 5 log-steps. The assay showed 100% positive and negative agreement with the manual RUO orthopoxvirus PCR test kit in clinical swab samples.DiscussionWhile the full extend of the ongoing monkeypox outbreak remains to be established, the WHO and local health authorities are calling for increased awareness and efforts to limit further spread. For this, timely and scalable PCR tests are an important prerequisite. The assay presented here allows streamlined high-throughput molecular testing for monkeypoxvirus on existing hardware, broadly established previously for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.