bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration and performances of the MicrOmega instrument for the characterization of asteroid Ryugu returned samples
Authors: Riu Lucie , Pilorget Cédric , Hamm Vincent , Bibring Jean-Pierre , Lantz Cateline , Loizeau Damien , Brunetto Rosario , Carter John , Lequertier Guillaume , Lourit Lionel , Okada Tatsuaki , Yogata Kasumi , Hatakeda Kentaro , Nakato Aiko , Yada Toru 
Published: May 2022

MicrOmega, a miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, has been selected to characterize in the laboratory the samples returned from Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. MicrOmega has been delivered to the Extraterrestrial Samples Curation Center of the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in July 2020 and then mounted and calibrated to be ready for the analyses of the samples returned to Earth on December 6, 2020. MicrOmega was designed to analyze the returned samples within a field of view of 5 × 5 mm2 and a spatial sampling of 22.5 µm. It acquires 3D near-infrared hyperspectral image-cubes by imaging the sample with monochromatic images sequentially covering the 0.99–3.65 µm spectral range, with a typical spectral sampling of 20 cm−1. This paper reports the calibration processes performed to extract scientific data from these MicrOmega image-cubes. The determination of the instrumental response and the spectral calibration is detailed. We meet or exceed the goals of achieving an accuracy of ∼20% for the absolute reflectance level, 1% for the relative wavelength-to-wavelength reflectance, and &lt;5 nm for the peak position of the detected absorption features. For the nominal measurements of Ryugu samples with MicrOmega/Curation, the instrument performance also reaches a signal-to-noise ratio of &gt;100 over the entire spectral range. By characterizing the entire collection of the returned samples at the microscopic scale, MicrOmega/Curation offers the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the composition and history of their asteroid parent body.
An International Standard Formulation for trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene [R1233zd(E)] Covering Temperatures from the Triple-Point Temperature to 450 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa
Authors: Akasaka Ryo , Lemmon Eric W. 
Published: May 2022

A new Helmholtz energy equation of state is presented for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene [R1233zd(E)], which is expressed with temperature and density as independent variables. Experimental data in the range of temperatures from 215 to 444 K and pressures up to 35 MPa form the basis of the new equation. In this range, expected uncertainties (k = 2) of the new equation of state are 0.07% for vapor pressures at temperatures above the normal boiling point temperature (≈291K), 0.2% for vapor pressures at lower temperatures, 0.05% for liquid densities, 0.15% for vapor densities, 0.1% for saturated liquid densities, 0.05% for liquid-phase sound speeds, and 0.08% for vapor-phase sound speeds. The new equation is valid at temperatures from the triple-point temperature (165.75 K) to 450 K and pressures up to 100 MPa with reasonable uncertainties outside the available range of data because it fully extrapolates with correct physical behavior to higher temperatures and pressures as well as to lower temperatures. The equation of state presented here has been recommended as an international standard by the working group presently revising ISO 17584 (Refrigerant Properties).
Mechanisms of the antiferro-electric ordering in superprotonic conductors Cs3H(SeO4)2 and Cs3D(SeO4)2
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Fukuda Kakeru , Takano Saki , Ikemoto Yuka , Sasaki Takahiko , Matsuo Yasumitsu 
Published: May 2022

Wide ranges of absorbance spectra were measured to elucidate a difference in the antiferro-electric (AF) ordering mechanisms below 50 and 168 K in Cs3H(SeO4)2 and Cs3D(SeO4)2, respectively. Collective excitations due to deuterons successfully observed at 610 cm−1 exhibit a remarkable isotope effect. This indicates that the transfer state in the dimer of Cs3D(SeO4)2 is dominated by a deuteron hopping in contrast to Cs3H(SeO4)2, where a proton hopping makes a tiny contribution compared to a phonon-assisted proton tunneling (PAPT) associated with 440-cm−1 defbend . The fluctuation relevant to the AF ordering in Cs3D(SeO4)2 is not driven by the conventional deuteron hopping but by the phonon-assisted deuteron hopping associated with 310-cm−1 defbend . Consequently, Cs3D(SeO4)2 has a distinct ordering mechanism from Cs3H(SeO4)2, in which quantum fluctuations toward the AF ordering are enhanced through the PAPT associated with the in-phase libration.
The effect of mutation on an aggregation-prone protein: An in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis
Authors: Guthertz N. , van der Kant R. , Martinez R. M. , Xu Y. , Trinh C. H. , Iorga B. I. , Rousseau F. , Schymkowitz J. , Brockwell D. J. , Radford S. E. 
Published: May 2022

Aggregation of initially stably structured proteins is involved in more than 20 human amyloid diseases. Despite intense research, however, how this class of proteins assembles into amyloid fibrils remains poorly understood, principally because of the complex effects of amino acid substitutions on protein stability, solubility, and aggregation propensity. We address this question using β
2
-microglobulin (β
2
m) as a model system, focusing on D76N-β
2
m that is involved in hereditary amyloidosis. This amino acid substitution causes the aggregation-resilient wild-type protein to become highly aggregation prone in vitro, although the mechanism by which this occurs remained elusive. Here, we identify the residues key to protecting β
2
m from aggregation by coupling aggregation with antibiotic resistance in
E. coli
using a tripartite β-lactamase assay (TPBLA). By performing saturation mutagenesis at three different sites (D53X-, D76X-, and D98X-β
2
m) we show that residue 76 has a unique ability to drive β
2
m aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Using a randomly mutated D76N-β
2
m variant library, we show that all of the mutations found to improve protein behavior involve residues in a single aggregation-prone region (APR) (residues 60 to 66). Surprisingly, no correlation was found between protein stability and protein aggregation rate or yield, with several mutations in the APR decreasing aggregation without affecting stability. Together, the results demonstrate the power of the TPBLA to develop proteins that are resilient to aggregation and suggest a model for D76N-β
2
m aggregation involving the formation of long-range couplings between the APR and Asn76 in a nonnative state.
Exploring the impact of lexical context on word association responses
Authors: Thwaites Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In word association tasks, participants respond with the first word that comes to mind on seeing a given cue. These responses are generally assumed to be influenced by a number of factors, including cue semantics, form, and textual distribution. Previous studies exploring the third of these influences have used pairwise association measures, such as mutual information, to evaluate the extent to which textual distributions influence response selection. In the current paper, a different approach is taken. Rather than examining co-occurrences between a cue and its observed responses, this paper explores the possibility that the cue’s holistic collocational environment shapes its associative profile. Regression modelling demonstrates that the predictability of this textual distribution is a significant predictor of variance in the cue’s response profile. Overall, however, the amount of variance explained is small. A subsequent qualitative examination of distributional and associative profiles suggests several semantically based constraints to response generation.
Comment on ‘Parameter-dependent unitary transformation approach for quantum Rabi model’
Authors: Braak Daniel , Batchelor Murray T , Chen Qing-Hu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We discuss the elementary errors in Zhang’s (2021 New J. Phys.
23 093014) claimed exact solution of the quantum Rabi model. The erroneous solution is seen to be nothing more than the combined solution of the simpler Jaynes–Cummings and anti-Jaynes–Cummings models obtained by neglecting terms in the model Hamiltonian.
The Data Processing of the LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae (LAMOST MRS-N Pipeline)
Authors: Wu Chao-Jian , Wu Hong , Zhang Wei , Li Yao , Ren Juan-Juan , Chen Jian-Jun , Hsia Chih-Hao , Wu Yu-Zhong , Zhu Hui , Li Bin , Hou Yong-Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) medium-resolution spectral survey of Galactic Nebulae (MRS-N) has conducted for more than three years since 2018 September and observed more than 190 thousand nebular spectra and 20 thousand stellar spectra. However, there is not yet a data processing pipeline for nebular spectra. To significantly improve the accuracy of nebulae classification and their physical parameters, we developed the MRS-N Pipeline. This article presented in detail each data processing step of the MRS-N Pipeline, such as removing cosmic rays, merging single exposure, fitting sky light emission lines, wavelength recalibration, subtracting skylight, measuring nebular parameters, creating catalogs and packing spectra. Finally, a description of the data products, including nebular spectra files and parameter catalogs, is provided.
H i Vertical Structure of Nearby Edge-on Galaxies from CHANG-ES
Authors: Zheng Yun , Wang Jing , Irwin Judith , Daniel Wang Q. , Li Jiangtao , English Jayanne , Ma Qingchuan , Wang Ran , Wang Ke , Krause Marita , Randriamampandry Toky H. , Beck Rainer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the vertical distribution of the highly inclined galaxies from the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). We explore the feasibility of photometrically deriving the H i disk scale heights from the moment-0 images of the relatively edge-on galaxies with inclination >80°, by quantifying the systematic broadening effects and thus deriving correction equations for direct measurements. The corrected H i disk scale heights of the relatively edge-on galaxies from the CHANG-ES sample show trends consistent with the quasi-equilibrium model of the vertical structure of gas disks. The procedure provides a convenient way to derive the scale heights and can easily be applied to statistical samples in the future.
Effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistor
Authors: Fu Yifan , Ma Liuhong , Duan Zhiyong , Han Weihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistors which are fabricated on heavily n-type doped silicon-on-insulator substrate. The obvious random telegraph noise and current hysteresis observed at the temperature of 10 K indicate the existence of acceptor-like traps. The position depth of the traps in the oxide from Si/SiO2 interface is 0.35 nm, calculated by utilizing the dependence of the capture and emission time on the gate voltage. Moreover, by constructing a three-dimensional model of tri-gate device structure in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, we achieved the trap density of 1.9 × 1012 cm–2 and the energy level position of traps at 0.18 eV below the intrinsic Fermi level.
Sequential epiretinal stimulation improves discrimination in simple shape discrimination tasks only
Authors: Christie Breanne , Sadeghi Roksana , Kartha Arathy , Caspi Avi , Tenore Francesco V , Klatzky Roberta L , Dagnelie Gislin , Billings Seth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Electrical stimulation of the retina can elicit flashes of light called phosphenes, which can be used to restore rudimentary vision for people with blindness. Functional sight requires stimulation of multiple electrodes to create patterned vision, but phosphenes tend to merge together in an uninterpretable way. Sequentially stimulating electrodes in human visual cortex has recently demonstrated that shapes could be ‘drawn’ with better perceptual resolution relative to simultaneous stimulation. The goal of this study was to evaluate if sequential stimulation would also form clearer shapes when the retina is the neural target. Approach. Two human participants with retinitis pigmentosa who had Argus® II epiretinal prostheses participated in this study. We evaluated different temporal parameters for sequential stimulation and performed phosphene shape mapping and forced choice discrimination tasks. For the discrimination tasks, performance was compared between stimulating electrodes simultaneously versus sequentially. Main results. Phosphenes elicited by different electrodes were reported as vastly different shapes. For sequential stimulation, the optimal pulse train duration was 200 ms when stimulating at 20 Hz and the optimal gap interval was tied between 0 and 50 ms. Sequential electrode stimulation outperformed simultaneous stimulation in simple discrimination tasks, in which shapes were created by stimulating 3–4 electrodes, but not in more complex discrimination tasks involving ≥5 electrodes. The efficacy of sequential stimulation depended strongly on selecting electrodes that elicited phosphenes with similar shapes and sizes. Significance. An epiretinal prosthesis can produce coherent simple shapes with a sequential stimulation paradigm, which can be used as rudimentary visual feedback. However, success in creating more complex shapes, such as letters of the alphabet, is still limited. Sequential stimulation may be most beneficial for epiretinal prostheses in simple tasks, such as basic navigation, rather than complex tasks such as novel object identification.
A low-power communication scheme for wireless, 1000 channel brain–machine interfaces
Authors: Costello Joseph T , Nason-Tomaszewski Samuel R , An Hyochan , Lee Jungho , Mender Matthew J , Temmar Hisham , Wallace Dylan M , Lim Jongyup , Willsey Matthew S , Patil Parag G , Jang Taekwang , Phillips Jamie D , Kim Hun-Seok , Blaauw David , Chestek Cynthia A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to restore motor function but are currently limited by electrode count and long-term recording stability. These challenges may be solved through the use of free-floating ‘motes’ which wirelessly transmit recorded neural signals, if power consumption can be kept within safe levels when scaling to thousands of motes. Here, we evaluated a pulse-interval modulation (PIM) communication scheme for infrared (IR)-based motes that aims to reduce the wireless data rate and system power consumption. Approach. To test PIM’s ability to efficiently communicate neural information, we simulated the communication scheme in a real-time closed-loop BMI with non-human primates. Additionally, we performed circuit simulations of an IR-based 1000-mote system to calculate communication accuracy and total power consumption. Main results. We found that PIM at 1 kb/s per channel maintained strong correlations with true firing rate and matched online BMI performance of a traditional wired system. Closed-loop BMI tests suggest that lags as small as 30 ms can have significant performance effects. Finally, unlike other IR communication schemes, PIM is feasible in terms of power, and neural data can accurately be recovered on a receiver using 3 mW for 1000 channels. Significance. These results suggest that PIM-based communication could significantly reduce power usage of wireless motes to enable higher channel-counts for high-performance BMIs.
Development of dual X-mode Doppler reflectometry system in Heliotron J
Authors: Kondo Y. , Ohshima S. , Kuwahara D. , Inoshita K. , Fukuda T. , Minami T. , Kado S. , Kobayashi S. , Konoshima S. , Mizuuchi T. , Okada H. , Tomita T. , Nagasaki K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A dual X-mode Doppler reflectometry system is developed to measure the radial electric field in a stellarator/heliotron device, Heliotron J. The system is designed to have dual channels where the observation points are placed symmetrically to the equatorial plane, enabling the poloidal flow velocity measurement at two different positions in the same toroidal section, which is useful for the search for a zonal flow. In the system, an RF source generates the microwave frequency of 8.25–12.5 GHz, upconverted by an intermediate frequency of 27.5 MHz and transmitted with a coaxial cable to a transmitter located near the Heliotoron J vacuum vessel. After quadrupling the RF waves at the transmitter, the microwaves of 33–50 GHz are injected in X-mode into a plasma using a spherical focusing mirror installed inside the vacuum vessel. The local wavenumber of the probing microwaves, k
⊥, is 1.56–1.66 cm−1. The Doppler-shifted reflected wave is downconverted to a 110 MHz signal by mixing with the LO at the receiver, amplified, and then detected by an I/Q detector. In a tabletop test, we have confirmed that the phase estimated by the I/Q detector is proportionally changed as a function of the horn antenna distance. We have successfully measured the Doppler-shifted spectra of the I/Q signals and estimated the radial electric field in an electron cyclotron heated (ECH) plasma.
Cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble gas applications
Authors: Murra M. , Schulte D. , Cristescu I. , Disdier J.-M. , Huhmann C. , Tatananni D. , Weinheimer C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two cryogenic bath-type heat exchangers for ultra-pure noble
gas applications were developed with particular emphasis on noble
gas liquefaction in cryogenic distillation systems. The main
objective was to construct heat exchangers for xenon from materials
that do not emanate radon and that fulfill ultra-high vacuum
standards. Therefore, only high-quality copper and stainless steel
materials were used. Especially, large-area oxygen-free copper fins
with high conductivity in a new design ensure efficient heat
transfer. One bath-type Xe-Xe heat exchanger was designed with a
diameter of 50 cm to achieve a xenon condensing capacity of at
least 100 kg/h. In order to guarantee the necessary heat transfer
between the two xenon reservoirs, this heat exchanger features a
specially manufactured stainless steel flange with a copper plate
welded inside. We first tested our concept on a dedicated bath-type
heat exchanger with a reduced diameter of 30 cm using liquid
nitrogen to liquefy the xenon. A model based on conservative
assumptions such as film boiling on the nitrogen side and film
condensation on the xenon side was developed and applied to
caluclate the expected heat transfer for our design. We were able to
demonstrate an adjustable xenon liquefaction rate of up to 113 kg/h
limited only by our measurement procedure at a cooling efficiency of
(0.98 ± 0.03) for the LN2-Xe heat exchanger.
Very large SiPM arrays with aggregated output
Authors: Razeto A. , Acerbi F. , Camillo V. , Carlini M. , Consiglio L. , Flammini A. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Gola A. , Horikawa S. , Kachru P. , Kochanek I. , Kondo K. , Korga G. , Mazzi A. , Moharana A. , Paternoster G. , Sablone D. , Basco A. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W. , Bottino B. , Caminata A. , Copello S. , Di Capua F. , Giovanetti G.K. , La Commara M. , Musico P. , Paoloni E. , Rignanese L.P. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Suvorov Y. , Testera G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we will document the design and the performances of a SiPM-based photo-detector with a surface area of 100 cm2 conceived to operate as a replacement for PMTs. The signals from 94 SiPMs are summed up to produce an aggregated output that exhibits in liquid nitrogen a dark count rate (DCR) lower than 100 cps over the entire surface, a signal to noise ratio better than 13, and a timing resolution better than 5.5 ns. The module feeds about 360 mW at 5 V with a dynamic range in excess of 500 photo-electrons on a 100 Ω differential line. The unit can also operate at room temperature, at the cost of an increase of DCR to 108 cps.
Decoupling environmental water markets from water law
Authors: Womble Philip , Townsend Allen , Szeptycki Leon F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Environmental water markets have emerged as a tool for restoring flows in rivers across the world. Prior literature suggests that certain legal conditions are necessary for these markets to function. However, we find substantial market activity has occurred without these legal conditions through market and legal data collected in five core U.S. Colorado River basin states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming) from 2014 to 2020. Ninety-five percent of the 446 water transactions sidestepped formal legal processes to transfer water rights to the environment. We also find that government regulatory and conservation programs, not private-sector investment, have driven most environmental water market activity. Government spending is the dominant funding source, with 90% of the $53 million spent coming from governments and 68% from the U.S. federal government alone. Finally, our analysis finds that current market activity would be insufficient to stave off future curtailment of critical water users under the Colorado River Compact and that $86–89 million annually in new investment is required to do so. In a basin experiencing a historic megadrought, our analysis suggests prioritizing such new investments over legal reform. Global implications are that such flow restoration is possible where legal regimes for environmental water markets do not already exist.
Who’s fighting for justice?: advocacy in energy justice and just transition scholarship
Authors: Shelton Rebecca E , Eakin Hallie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent political, economic and policy change in the US, Australia, and Europe, in particular, have put transitions towards low-carbon energy futures at the forefront of local and national policy agendas. How these transitions are managed is likely to affect the feasibility, timing and scope of transition policy. Recognizing the existing maldistribution of the benefits and burdens of fossil fuel-based extraction, energy generation, and distribution, advocates and scholars increasingly call for policies that not only support decarbonization goals, but also those of equity. Proposals that do not contain such goals may be met with resistance. This review examines the politics of achieving more just outcomes by asking, what is our current understanding of justice advocacy and the impacts of such advocacy on the energy transition? In this study, we systematically review articles that include the key concepts of ‘just transition’ or ‘energy justice’ and that examine advocacy in energy transition contexts. We find advocates from diverse communities and affiliated with varied organizational types are involved in advocacy. Diverse issues motivate advocates and the most common advocate type in the literature are residents that are affected by local impacts of energy transition decisions. Extra-institutional tactics are the most common means of advocate action. We also find that advocacy is often motivated by issues related to decision-making processes and environmental degradation. These findings illuminate that: (a) energy systems and transitions are governed by processes and institutions that are often inaccessible, (b) advocates often attempt to affect change using tactics external to such processes and institutions, and (c) issues of environmental degradation are often prominent in advocacy discourse concerning the energy transition. Future research should seek to more clearly determine advocates’ primary motivations and the tactics and actions that ultimately aid or hinder more equitable outcomes.