bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development and Validation of Anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia Polypeptide Antibody [Anti-pTNP] for the Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Gao Han , He Qiong , Xu Chunjin , Pang Zhi , Feng Baisui , Chen Tingting , Yang Wu , Zhou Guangxi , Wang Yufang , Li Junxiang , Su Jingling , Miao Yinglei , Zhao Ye , Liao Zhuan , Xu Can , Liu Zhanju 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Non-invasive biomarkers in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are not currently available for rapidly and accurately diagnosing the disease. We aimed to investigate and validate the potential roles of anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia polypeptide antibodies [anti-pTNP] in the diagnosis of IBD.

Methods
Serum samples were collected from 502 patients with diagnosed Crohn’s disease [CD], 141 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 109 healthy donors. The levels of anti-pTNPs and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies [ASCAs] were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of each variable on the diagnosis were analysed by receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis. We also performed an estimate study by first developing a clinical prediction model, with external validation in CD patients from nine IBD medical centres in China.

Results
The levels of anti-pTNPs in sera of CD patients were higher than those in UC patients and healthy donors. The positive rates of anti-pTNPs were significantly higher in ileal CD patients than in ileocolonic and colonic CD patients, and the levels of anti-pTNP IgG in perianal patients were significantly higher than those in non-perianal CD patients. Of note, anti-pTNPs and perianal diseases were important predictors for active stage of CD patients. Discriminative ability to predict active CD patients was 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.886–0.949).

Conclusions
Anti-pTNP functions as a novel biological marker for diagnosing CD and can be used to assess disease severity, particularly in those with lesion locations in the terminal ileum and stricturing and perianal diseases. A validated prediction model reveals that anti-pTNPs are useful for estimating the likelihood of active CD.
A transatlantic battle of the robes: French priests in the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Franchina Miriam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In line with reconsiderations of the importance of religion in the Age of Revolutions, this article reconstructs how French priests competed to gain control of the Church in revolutionary Saint-Domingue and navigated the ever-changing political landscapes triggered by the Haitian and French Revolutions. Priests in the Haitian Revolution were also priests in the French Revolution: divided in their visions of a Church—Gallican and constitutional, or in communion with Rome—and active on both sides of the Atlantic. Priests’ motives for cooperating with the enslaved insurgents between 1791 and 1793, and with the free cultivateurs thereafter, are here contextualized within the ongoing frictions between Rome and Paris. Their experiences offer a fruitful means to gauge the entanglements between the French and Haitian Revolution, and suggest how some Haitian revolutionaries—Louverture and King Christophe, for instance—turned to Rome as an alternative to France as a source of political legitimacy.
Impact of a guaranteed minimum income program on rural–urban migration in China
Authors: Howell Anthony 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article relies on a regression discontinuity (RD) design to estimate the impact of an unconditional cash transfer from Minimum Income Living Allowance (MLSA)—one of the largest basic income guarantee programs in the world—on the household decision to participate in rural–urban migration. The study is informed by novel survey data that provide the first and only representative information on China’s large, but understudied ethnic minority areas. Exploiting the income-based MLSA eligibility rule as an instrument, fuzzy RD estimates reveal that MLSA subsidy receipt significantly increases the likelihood that complier households participate in rural–urban migration, a finding that is robust to a batter of sensitivity tests and checks for robustness. In line with the idea that MLSA cash subsidies help to loosen household credit or risk constraints, I show that the observed positive effects are driven mainly by poor [ethnic minority] households that face relatively high perceived migration costs. Additional evidence shows that the MLSA program increases complier households’ disposable income and consumption despite having no significant effect on household investment behavior. The main findings suggest that a small cash infusion from a minimum income program like MLSA helps to promote migration-led urbanization and rural household wellbeing.
A pancreatic mass and extreme elevation of CA 19–9: a benign masquerade of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hall Catherine , McLaren Mairi , Mosse Charles 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) is a specific tumour marker for pancreato-biliary malignancy. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition in which IgG4 deposits infiltrate various organs, including the biliary tract manifesting IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis and pseudotumours. An 83-year-old woman presented with severe obstructive jaundice, weight loss and an extreme elevation of CA 19–9 level of 3295 kU/L. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed a pancreatic mass amputating the biliary tree. Liver function tests revealed a cholestatic pattern and severe hyperbilirubinaemia (289umol/L). IgG4 level was found to be high at 7.97 g/L. After treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, repeat MRCP 2 months later revealed disappearance of the pancreatic mass. There was also normalization of the bilirubin and a dramatic decrease of CA 19–9. This case reports the highest published benign elevation of Ca19.9 level in the setting of IgG4 disease. Differentiation between cholangiocarcinoma and IgG4-RD is important, as the treatment is vastly different.
Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Main Coronary Artery Presenting With Syncope and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cho Jonathan J , Fabrizio Samantha D , Tabing Ariana K , Boswell Gilbert E , Condos Gregory J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital abnormality associated with myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. We present a case of a 20 year old previously healthy male presenting with exertional syncope and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary computed tomography angiography showed an anomalous left main coronary artery arising from the right coronary cusp with a slit-like appearance, acute angle origin, intramural course, and a subsequent inter-arterial course between the main pulmonary artery and the proximal aorta. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated myocardial infarction in the distribution of the left main coronary artery. The patient underwent successful surgical correction with unroofing of the left main coronary artery. He has had no syncopal episodes or recurrence of chest pain and returned to full duty status in the United States Marine Corps. This case report demonstrates the evaluation and management of a patient with AAOCA.
Ibn ‘Arabī and Kafka on God and the Law
Authors: Lala Ismail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although ostensibly different, Franz Kafka and the mystical theorist Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638/1240) both employ complex rhetoricity that accommodates paradox and contradiction. This study compares how their complex rhetoricity exposes the tension between the essential human need to comprehend god, and a god who is essentially apophatic. God’s apophasis, expressed as His numinous laws, inevitably comes into conflict with Man’s rationality. Through a theological/legal analysis of Kafka’s novel, The Trial, and ‘Ibn ‘Arabī’s interpretation of ‘Īsā’s (Jesus’) encounter with God on the Day of Judgement, the implications of this tension are explored. Manifested as the incompatibility of immutable divine laws and variable human affairs, and the divergent demands of the individual and the community, the epistemic crisis elicited by this tension provokes opposing reactions from Kafka’s protagonist, Josef K., and ‘Īsā. Josef K.’s demise results from his exclusive reliance on reason, while Īsā succeeds in his encounter with God because he recognizes that, even though rationality is necessary, it is limited.
Negative string tension of a higher-charge Schwinger model via digital quantum simulation
Authors: Honda Masazumi , Itou Etsuko , Kikuchi Yuta , Tanizaki Yuya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study some properties of generalized global symmetry for the charge-q Schwinger model in the Hamiltonian formalism, which is the (1 + 1)D quantum electrodynamics with a charge-q Dirac fermion. This model has the $\mathbb {Z}_q\, 1$-form symmetry, which is a remnant of the electric $U(1)\, 1$-form symmetry in the pure Maxwell theory. It is known that, if we put the theory on closed space, then the Hilbert space is decomposed into q distinct sectors, called universes, and some states with higher energy density do not decay to the ground state due to the selection rule of the 1-form symmetry. Even with open boundaries, we can observe the stability of such states by seeing a negative string tension behavior, meaning that opposite charges repel each other. In order to see negative string tensions, the vacuum angle θ has to be large enough and the standard path-integral Monte Carlo method suffers from the sign problem. We develop a method based on the adiabatic state preparation to see this feature with digital quantum simulation and confirm it using a classical simulator of quantum devices. In particular, we measure the local energy density and see how it jumps between the inside and outside of the insertion of the probe charges. We explicitly see that the energy density inside is lower than that outside. This is a clear signature of the negative string tension.
On the parameterisation of a class of doubly periodic lattices of equally strong holes
Authors: Marshall J S 
Published: January 2022

Summary
We construct an exact, explicit parameterisation of a class of doubly periodic lattices of equally strong holes in an infinite elastic plate that is in a state of plane stress. This parameterisation assumes no symmetries of the lattices’ holes and allows for any finite number of holes per period cell. It is stated in terms of a conformal map from a circular domain. We construct this map in terms of the integrals of the first kind that are associated with a Schottky group that is generated from this circular domain. Key to our derivation of this parameterisation is the observation that a doubly periodic lattice of equally strong holes is characterised by the property that the Schwarz functions of all of its holes’ boundaries are identical up to additive constants. We also conjecture a condition that is necessary and sufficient for the existence of the class of lattices that are described by this parameterisation, although we are only able to verify this condition numerically here. We also present a selection of examples of such lattices, computed using this parameterisation.
Experiences with Medicaid Renewal and Reauthorization Policies in the Context of Child Health and Vaccine Coverage
Authors: Holroyd Taylor A , Oloko Oladeji K , Limaye Rupali J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Difficulties complying with Medicaid recertification requirements may be responsible for a portion of Medicaid disenrollments and may impact access to preventive care. This study aimed to explore the barriers parents experienced renewing their child’s Medicaid, how those barriers impact access to healthcare, and how changes in Medicaid policy can improve child health outcomes. To understand the barriers associated with Medicaid renewal, authors conducted in-depth interviews (N = 24) with racially and demographically diverse parents living in Baltimore. They found that administrative burden, lack of awareness regarding reauthorization, challenges with navigation assistance, and lack of access to the renewal system were crucial barriers to renewing Medicaid. Many participants identified negative impacts on child health outcomes resulting from lapses in coverage, including lack of healthcare access and missed immunizations. Drawing on these findings, the authors provide recommendations for streamlining and clarifying the Medicaid renewal process in Maryland, and the role of social work policy and practice in reducing barriers to renewal.
Secular Trend in the Incidence of Conduct Disorder in China from 1990 to 2019: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Huang Xueying , Li Shasha , Yue Suru , Liu Jie , Wu Jiayuan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the secular trends of conduct disorder (CD) incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 under the joinpoint analysis and the age-period-cohort framework.

Methods:
The sex-specific incidence rates of CD from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database according to the age group. The joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort model were conducted using the average annual percent changes and relative risks as size effects, respectively.

Results:
From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized rates (ASRs) of CD incidence showed an overall increasing trend in both sexes, and this variation trend was observed in almost all age groups. The annual sex-specific ASRs were lower in China than those worldwide but were rapidly growing. Age effects were the most significant risk factor for CD, with the highest risk in adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, followed by children aged 5 to 9 years, but a relatively lower risk in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years than in other age groups. However, period and cohort effects were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
CD incidence rates in China have been increasing in both sexes from 1990 to 2019. Further studies are necessary to explain the etiology of these increases and promote the early identification of individuals at risk for developing CD.
Azacitidine maintenance in AML post induction and posttransplant
Authors: Bewersdorf Jan Philipp , Prebet Thomas , Gowda Lohith 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Disease relapse remains the most common cause of death among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following induction therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT). Prolonging the duration of remission with minimal nonrelapse mortality risk is an area of unmet need for AML patients.

Recent findings
In QUAZAR AML-001 study, the oral azacitidine analogue CC-486 demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit when given as postremission therapy (PRT) for patients in CR1 that were ineligible to proceed to allo-HCT. Used as maintenance post allo-HCT, CC-486 has also shown safety with encouraging disease-free survival (DFS). Although a recent randomized trial of parenteral azacitidine vs. placebo post allo-HCT failed to show relapse reduction, a subsequent meta-analysis of maintenance studies posttransplant has shown good utility with this approach. Such conflicting results emphasize the need for robust study designs to identify subsets of patients that derive maximal benefits using latest tools to risk stratify relapse risk.

Summary
PRT with hypomethylating agents is feasible and in select population, there is a survival advantage with CC-486. Better understanding of distinct epigenetic and immunomodulatory properties of azacitidine, holds significant promise to synergize pharmacologic and cellular drivers of disease control as PRT in future AML trials.
A novel prediction model to evaluate the probability of CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio restoration in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Li Bei , Zhang Leidan , Liu Ying , Xiao Jing , Li Cuilin , Fan Lina , Duan Yujiao , Xiao Jiang , Hao Yu , Han Junyan , Kong Yaxian , Zhao Hongxin 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Our study aimed to develop a clinical prediction model to evaluate the possibility of CD4+/CD8+ ratio restoration in HIV-positive individuals.

Methods:
About 1980, HIV/AIDS patients initiated with antiretroviral treatment from 1 January 2013, to 30 December 2016, at Beijing Ditan Hospital and achieved persistent virological suppression during the 4 years follow-up were included in this study. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors and establish a predictive model. The model's performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic and calibration plots.

Results:
Overall, after 4 years of treatment, a total of 455 individuals (22.98%) restored their CD4+/CD8+ ratio (≥1). The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.782 and 0.743 in the deriving and validation cohort, respectively. The ultimate model included five indexes: age at AIDS diagnosis, albumin, and syphilis status, and baseline CD4+ and CD8+ values. A nomogram further visualized the model, and the calibration plots indicated high agreement of predicted and observed outcomes.

Conclusion:
Our prediction model might be practical and easily applied to recognize HIV/AIDS individuals most likely to benefit from modern antiretroviral therapy.
Aging, trends in CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, and clinical outcomes with persistent HIV suppression in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory HIV patients
Authors: Novak Richard M. , Armon Carl , Battalora Linda , Buchacz Kate , Li Jun , Ward Douglas , Carlson Kimberly , Palella Frank J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Age blunts CD4+ lymphocyte cell count/μl (CD4+) improvements observed with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced viral suppression among people with HIV (PWH). Prolonged viral suppression reduces immune dysregulation, reflected by rising CD4+/CD8+ ratios (CD4+/CD8+). We studied CD4+/CD8+ over time to determine whether it predicts risk for select comorbidities and mortality among aging PWH with viral suppression.

Methods:
We studied HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants prescribed ART during 2000–2018 who achieved a viral load less than 200 copies/ml on or after 1 January 2000, and remained virally suppressed at least 1 year thereafter. We modeled associations of CD4+/CD8+ with select incident comorbidities and all-cause mortality using Cox regression and controlling for demographic and clinical factors.

Results:
Of 2480 eligible participants,1145 (46%) were aged less than 40 years, 835 (34%) 40–49 years, and 500 (20%) ≥ 50 years. At baseline, median CD4+/CD8+ was 0.53 (interquartile range: 0.30–0.84) and similar among all age groups (P = 0.18). CD4+/CD8+ values and percentage of participants with CD4+/CD8+ at least 0.70 increased within each age group (P < 0.001 for all). CD4+/CD8+ increase was greatest for PWH aged less than 40 years at baseline. In adjusted models, most recent CD4+/CD8+less than 1.00 and less than 0.70 were independently associated with higher risk of non-AIDS cancer and mortality, respectively.

Conclusion:
Pretreatment immune dysregulation may persist as indicated by CD4+/CD8+ less than 0.70. Persistent viral suppression can improve immune dysregulation over time, reducing comorbidity, and mortality risk. Monitoring CD4+/CD8+ among ART-treated PWH with lower values provide a means to assess for mortality and comorbidity risk.
Chronic HIV Infection and Aging: Application of a Geroscience-Guided Approach
Authors: Masters Mary C. , Landay Alan L. , Robbins Paul D. , Tchkonia Tamar , Kirkland James L. , Kuchel George A. , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Palella Frank J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The ability of virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy use to extend the life span of people with HIV (PWH) implies that the age of PWH will also increase. Among PWH, extended survival comes at a cost of earlier onset and increased rates of aging-associated comorbidities and geriatric syndromes, with persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation consequent to chronic HIV infection and to antiretroviral therapy use contributing to an overall decrease in health span. The geroscience hypothesis proposes that the root causes of most aging-related chronic diseases and conditions is the aging process itself. Hence, therapeutically targeting fundamental aging processes could have a greater impact on alleviating or delaying aging-associated comorbidities than addressing each disease individually. Extending the geroscience hypothesis to PWH, we speculate that targeting basic mechanisms of aging will improve overall health with age. Clinical features and pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic diseases in PWH qualitatively resemble those seen in older adults without HIV. Therefore, drugs that target any of the pillars of aging, including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, may also slow the rate of onset of age-associated comorbidities and geriatric syndromes in PWH. Drugs that selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells, termed senolytics, may also improve health span among PWH. Preliminary evidence suggests that senescent cell burden is increased in PWH, implying that senescent cells are an excellent therapeutic target for extending health span. Recently initiated clinical trials evaluating senolytics in age-related diseases offer insights into the design and potential implementation of similar trials for PWH.
Distinct Molecular Signatures of Aging in Healthy and HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Rinaldi Stefano , Pallikkuth Suresh , De Armas Lesley , Richardson Brian , Pan Li , Pahwa Rajendra , Williams Sion , Cameron Mark , Pahwa Savita 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Virally suppressed chronic HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy experience similar immune impairments as HIV-uninfected elderly. However, they manifest symptoms of premature immune aging such as suboptimal responses to vaccination at a younger age. Mechanisms underlying premature immune aging are unclear.

Setting:
The study site was University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

Methods:
In this study, we aimed to identify molecular signatures of aging in HIV-infected (HIV) individuals compared with age-matched healthy control (HC) participants. Transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected cross-sectionally from study participants were evaluated using RNA sequencing, and genes and pathways associated with age and HIV status were identified and compared between study groups. Generalized linear modeling was used to identify transcriptional signatures associated with age.

Results:
Despite that fewer differentially expressed genes between young (<40 yrs) and old (>59 yrs) were observed in the HIV group, metabolic and innate immune activation pathways were associated with increasing age in both HIV and HC. Age was also associated with pathways involved with T-cell immune activation in HC and with interferon signaling pathways in HIV. We observed signs of precocious immune aging at the transcriptional level in HIV and defined a transcriptional perturbation associated with innate immunity and glucose metabolism induced by aging in both HC and HIV.

Conclusion:
In this study, we identified distinct molecular signatures predictive of age in HIV versus HC, which suggest precocious immune aging in HIV. Overall, our results highlight the molecular pathways of immune aging in both HC and HIV that may be targeted for additional mechanistic insights or in a therapeutic setting.