bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational attainment of adolescents treated in psychiatric inpatient care: a register study over 3 decades
Authors: Holttinen Timo , Lindberg Nina , Rissanen Pekka , Kaltiala Riittakerttu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMental disorders may for various reasons impair educational attainment, and with far-reaching consequences given the impact of education on subsequent employment, social life, life choices and even health and mortality. This register-based study addresses trends in educational attainment among Finnish adolescents aged 13–17 with mental disorders severe enough to necessitate inpatient treatment between 1980 and 2010. Our subjects (N = 14,435), followed up until the end of 2014, were at greater risk of discontinuing education beyond compulsory comprehensive school or of lower educational attainment than their age-peers in general population. Only 50.0% had completed any post-comprehensive education compared to 84.9% in same-aged general population. Those at highest risk were males and those with organic, intellectual disabilities and developmental, externalizing disorders or schizophrenia group diagnoses. Despite improvements in adolescent psychiatric care, school welfare services and pedagogical support, risks have remained high. Greater effort in psychiatric treatment, school welfare and pedagogy are needed to combat this severe inequality.
Grain characterisation of fresh and used railway ballast
Authors: Gupta Akash , Madhusudhan B. N. , Zervos Antonis , Powrie William , Harkness John , Le Pen Louis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBallasted railway track requires regular maintenance to reverse the effects of plastic deformation of the trackbed, which leads to a gradual loss of level. Maintenance is usually by tamping, an aggressive process, which damages ballast grains such that the interval between maintenance interventions steadily reduces with increasing number of tamps. After a certain number of tamps, the ballast is deemed life expired and renewed, with the recovered ballast usually being down-cycled to lower grade uses. The ability to re-use the recovered ballast in the trackbed would make a significant contribution to decarbonising and improving the sustainability of railway infrastructure. This requires detailed knowledge of how the grain characteristics affecting mechanical behaviour differ between fresh and used ballast—specifically grain shape. This paper compares the shape parameters of form, angularity and surface roughness of fresh and used ballast, and proposes a method to synthesize full-size and scaled used ballast for use in laboratory and model tests.
Psychometrics, diagnostics and usability of Italian tools assessing behavioural and functional outcomes in neurological, geriatric and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , D’Iorio Alfonsina , Montemurro Sonia , Maggi Gianpaolo , Giacobbe Chiara , Bari Valentina , Di Tella Gianluca Scotto , Pischedda Francesca , Bolognini Nadia , Appollonio Ildebrando , Arcara Giorgio , Santangelo Gabriella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychometric instruments assessing behavioural and functional outcomes (BFIs) in neurological, geriatric and psychiatric populations are relevant towards diagnostics, prognosis and intervention. However, BFIs often happen not to meet methodological-statistical standards, thus lowering their level of recommendation in clinical practice and research. This work thus aimed at (1) providing an up-to-datecompendiumon psychometrics, diagnostics and usability of available Italian BFIs and (2) delivering evidence-based information on their level of recommendation.MethodsThis review was pre-registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021295430) and performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Several psychometric, diagnostic and usability measures were addressed as outcomes. Quality assessment was performed via an ad hoc checklist, the Behavioural and Functional Instrument Quality Assessment.ResultsOut of an initialN = 830 reports, 108 studies were included (N = 102 BFIs). Target constructs included behavioural/psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and physical functioning. BFIs were either self- or caregiver-/clinician-report. Studies in clinical conditions (including neurological, psychiatric and geriatric ones) were the most represented. Validity was investigated for 85 and reliability for 80 BFIs, respectively. Criterion and factorial validity testing were infrequent, whereas content and ecological validity and parallel forms were almost never addressed. Item response theory analyses were seldom carried out. Diagnostics and norms lacked for about one-third of BFIs. Information on administration time, ease of use and ceiling/floor effects were often unreported.DiscussionSeveral available BFIs for the Italian population do not meet adequate statistical-methodological standards, this prompting a greater care from researchers involved in their development.
Reference architectures modelling and compliance checking
Authors: Bucaioni Alessio , Di Salle Amleto , Iovino Ludovico , Malavolta Ivano , Pelliccione Patrizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReference architectures (RAs) are successfully used to represent families of concrete software architectures in several domains such as automotive, banking, and the Internet of Things. RAs inspire architects when designing concrete architectures, and they help to guarantee compliance with architectural decisions, regulatory requirements, as well as architectural qualities. Despite their importance, reference architectures still suffer from a number of open technical issues, including (i) the lack of a common interpretation, a precise notation for their representation and documentation, and (ii) the lack of conformance mechanisms for checking the compliance of concrete architectures to their related reference architecture, architectural decisions, regulatory requirements, etc. This paper addresses these two issues by introducing a model-driven approach that leverages (i) a domain-independent metamodel for the representation of reference architectures and (ii) the combination of model transformation and weaving techniques for the automatic conformance checking of concrete architectures. We evaluate the applicability, effectiveness, and generalizability of our approach using illustrative examples from the web browsers and automotive domains, including an assessment from an independent practitioner.
Green Financial Products in the EU — A Critical Review of the Status Quo
Authors: Brühl Volker 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe financial sector plays an important role in supporting the green transformation of the European economy. A critical assessment of the current regulatory framework for sustainable finance in Europe leads to ambiguous results. Although the level of transparency on environmental, social and governance aspects of financial products has improved significantly, it is questionable whether the complex, mainly disclosure-oriented architecture is sufficient to mobilise more private capital into sustainable investments. It should be discussed whether a minimum taxonomy ratio or Green Asset Ratio has to be fulfilled to market a financial product as “green”. Furthermore, because of the high complexity of the regulation, it could be helpful for private investors to establish a simplified green rating, based on the taxonomy ratio, to facilitate the selection of green financial products.
A Transatlantic Energy and Climate Pact Is Now More Necessary Than Ever
Authors: Lenaerts Klaas , Tagliapietra Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has pushed Europe to re-design its energy map at speed. Amid this unprecedented energy overhaul, the EU and the United States have flagged their commitment to reinforce their bilateral energy partnership, starting with short-term measures to boost US liquefied natural gas supplies to Europe to promptly replace part of Russian gas imports. This article develops five issues around which a stronger transatlantic energy and climate pact might be built.
Forecasting the landslide evolution: from theory to practice
Authors: Cascini Leonardo , Scoppettuolo Maria Rosaria , Babilio Enrico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new, physically based, and mathematically consistent method for predicting the evolution of existing landslides and first-failure phenomena based on slope displacement measurements. The method is the latest step in a long-term research program and, as such, uses the preliminary framework introduced in two previous papers. The first characterizes slope movements through a limited number of displacement trends, and the second analyzes their dynamic characteristics. The approach is here extended to the prediction of landslide evolution and its validity and effectiveness are tested on landslides well known in the scientific literature for the accuracy of the studies carried out and, in some cases, for the consequences they have caused. Although the results obtained so far are very encouraging, in full awareness of the relevance and complexity of the subject matter, the authors emphasize that the method should be used, in the current state of knowledge, only by experienced professionals and especially for research purposes.
Time Delta Head Impact Frequency: An Analysis on Head Impact Exposure in the Lead Up to a Concussion: Findings from the NCAA-DOD Care Consortium
Authors: Seifert Jack , Shah Alok S. , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Rowson Steven , Mihalik Jason P. , Riggen Larry , Duma Stefan , Brooks Alison , Cameron Kenneth L. , Giza Christopher C. , Goldman Joshua , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Houston Megan N. , Jackson Jonathan C. , McGinty Gerald , Pasquina Paul , Broglio Steven P. , McAllister Thomas W. , McCrea Michael A. , Stemper Brian D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSport-related concussions can result from a single high magnitude impact that generates concussive symptoms, repeated subconcussive head impacts aggregating to generate concussive symptoms, or a combined effect from the two mechanisms. The array of symptoms produced by these mechanisms may be clinically interpreted as a sport-related concussion. It was hypothesized that head impact exposure resulting in concussion is influenced by severity, total number, and frequency of subconcussive head impacts. The influence of total number and magnitude of impacts was previously explored, but frequency was investigated to a lesser degree. In this analysis, head impact frequency was investigated over a new metric called ‘time delta’, the time difference from the first recorded head impact of the day until the concussive impact. Four exposure metrics were analyzed over the time delta to determine whether frequency of head impact exposure was greater for athletes on their concussion date relative to other dates of contact participation. Those metrics included head impact frequency, head impact accrual rate, risk weighted exposure (RWE), and RWE accrual rate. Athletes experienced an elevated median number of impacts, RWE, and RWE accrual rate over the time delta on their concussion date compared to non-injury sessions. This finding suggests elevated frequency of head impact exposure on the concussion date compared to other dates that may precipitate the onset of concussion.
The Role of Formal Policy to Promote Informed Consent of Psychotropic Medications for Youth in Child Welfare Custody: A National Examination
Authors: Mackie Thomas I. , Schaefer Ana J. , Palatucci John S. , Leslie Laurel K. , Crystal Stephen , Gusmano Michael , Karpman Hannah E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractActive participation of youth and surrogate decision-makers in providing informed consent and assent for mental health treatment is critical. However, the procedural elements of an informed consent process, particularly for youth in child welfare custody, are not well defined. Given calls for psychotropic medication oversight for youth in child welfare custody, this study proposes a taxonomy for the procedural elements of informed consent policies based upon formal and informal child welfare policies and then examines whether enacted state formal policies across the United States endorsed these elements. A sequential multi-method study design included: (1) semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 58) primarily from state child welfare agencies to identify a taxonomy of procedural elements for informed consent of psychotropic medications and then (2) a legislative review of the 50 states and D.C. to characterize whether formal policies endorsed each procedural element through February 2022. Key informants reported five procedural elements in policy, including how to: (1) gather social and medical history, (2) prescribe the medication, (3) authorize its use through consent and youth assent, (4) notify relevant stakeholders, and (5) routinely review the consenting decision. Twenty-three states endorsed relevant legislation; however, only two states specified all five procedural elements. Additionally, the content of a procedural element, when included, varied substantively across policies. Further research and expert consensus are needed to set best practices and guide policymakers in setting policies to advance transparency and accountability for informed consent of mental health treatment among youth in child welfare custody.
A “toy model” analysis of causes of nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Vitousek Peter M. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Howarth Robert W. , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) limitation to net primary production is widespread and influences the responsiveness of ecosystems to many components of global environmental change. Logic and both simple simulation (Vitousek and Fieldin in Biogeochemistry
46: 179–202, 1999) and analytical models (Menge in Ecosystems 14:519–532, 2011) demonstrate that the co-occurrence of losses of N in forms that organisms within an ecosystem cannot control and barriers to biological N fixation (BNF) that keep this process from responding to N deficiency are necessary for the development and persistence of N limitation. Models have focused on the continuous process of leaching losses of dissolved organic N in biologically unavailable forms, but here we use a simple simulation model to show that discontinuous losses of ammonium and nitrate, normally forms of N whose losses organisms can control, can be uncontrollable by organisms and can contribute to N limitation under realistic conditions. These discontinuous losses can be caused by temporal variation in precipitation or by ecosystem-level disturbance like harvest, fire, and windthrow. Temporal variation in precipitation is likely to increase and to become increasingly important in causing N losses as anthropogenic climate change proceeds. We also demonstrate that under the conditions simulated here, differentially intense grazing on N- and P-rich symbiotic N fixers is the most important barrier to the responsiveness of BNF to N deficiency.
Phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of rifampin on pharmacokinetics of pevonedistat, a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Vaishampayan Ulka , Mahalingam Devalingam , Harvey R. Donald , Chung Ki Young , Sedarati Farhad , Dong Cassie , Faller Douglas V. , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Pevonedistat (TAK-924/MLN4924) is an investigational small molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme that has demonstrated clinical activity across solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here we report the results of a phase 1 study evaluating the effect of rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pevonedistat in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT03486314). Patients received a single 50 mg/m2 pevonedistat dose via a 1-h infusion on Days 1 (in the absence of rifampin) and 10 (in the presence of rifampin), and daily oral dosing of rifampin 600 mg on Days 3–11. Twenty patients were enrolled and were evaluable for PK and safety. Following a single dose of pevonedistat at 50 mg/m2, the mean terminal half-life of pevonedistat was 5.7 and 7.4 h in the presence and in the absence of rifampin, respectively. The geometric mean AUC0–inf of pevonedistat in the presence of rifampin was 79% of that without rifampin (90% CI: 69.2%–90.2%). The geometric mean Cmax of pevonedistat in the presence of rifampin was similar to that in the absence of rifampin (96.2%; 90% CI: 79.2%–117%). Coadministration of pevonedistat with rifampin, a strong metabolic enzyme inducer, did not result in clinically meaningful decreases in systemic exposures of pevonedistat. The study results support the recommendation that no pevonedistat dose adjustment is needed for patients receiving concomitant CYP3A inducers.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT03486314.
A configurable method for benchmarking scalability of cloud-native applications
Authors: Henning Sören , Hasselbring Wilhelm 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCloud-native applications constitute a recent trend for designing large-scale software systems. However, even though several cloud-native tools and patterns have emerged to support scalability, there is no commonly accepted method to empirically benchmark their scalability. In this study, we present a benchmarking method, allowing researchers and practitioners to conduct empirical scalability evaluations of cloud-native applications, frameworks, and deployment options. Our benchmarking method consists of scalability metrics, measurement methods, and an architecture for a scalability benchmarking tool, particularly suited for cloud-native applications. Following fundamental scalability definitions and established benchmarking best practices, we propose to quantify scalability by performing isolated experiments for different load and resource combinations, which asses whether specified service level objectives (SLOs) are achieved. To balance usability and reproducibility, our benchmarking method provides configuration options, controlling the trade-off between overall execution time and statistical grounding. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation of our method’s configuration options for the special case of event-driven microservices. For this purpose, we use benchmark implementations of the two stream processing frameworks Kafka Streams and Flink and run our experiments in two public clouds and one private cloud. We find that, independent of the cloud platform, it only takes a few repetitions (≤ 5) and short execution times (≤ 5 minutes) to assess whether SLOs are achieved. Combined with our findings from evaluating different search strategies, we conclude that our method allows to benchmark scalability in reasonable time.
On effort-aware metrics for defect prediction
Authors: Çarka Jonida , Esposito Matteo , Falessi Davide 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContextAdvances in defect prediction models, aka classifiers, have been validated via accuracy metrics. Effort-aware metrics (EAMs) relate to benefits provided by a classifier in accurately ranking defective entities such as classes or methods. PofB is an EAM that relates to a user that follows a ranking of the probability that an entity is defective, provided by the classifier. Despite the importance of EAMs, there is no study investigating EAMs trends and validity.AimThe aim of this paper is twofold: 1) we reveal issues in EAMs usage, and 2) we propose and evaluate a normalization of PofBs (aka NPofBs), which is based on ranking defective entities by predicted defect density.MethodWe perform a systematic mapping study featuring 152 primary studies in major journals and an empirical study featuring 10 EAMs, 10 classifiers, two industrial, and 12 open-source projects.ResultsOur systematic mapping study reveals that most studies using EAMs use only a single EAM (e.g., PofB20) and that some studies mismatched EAMs names. The main result of our empirical study is that NPofBs are statistically and by orders of magnitude higher than PofBs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the proposed normalization of PofBs: (i) increases the realism of results as it relates to a better use of classifiers, and (ii) promotes the practical adoption of prediction models in industry as it shows higher benefits. Finally, we provide a tool to compute EAMs to support researchers in avoiding past issues in using EAMs.
Zooarchaeology of the Modern Era: An Introduction
Authors: Tourigny Eric , Gordon Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe last 500 years is characterized by immense socioeconomic and environmental transformations on a global scale. Animals were significantly affected by these processes but were also central to many of the transformations that shaped the modern world. While there has been a growing number of researchers investigating animal bones from archaeological sites from this period, the “Zooarchaeology of the Modern Era” working group provides the first dedicated forum for these scholars to meet. This paper introduces a special collection of studies which resulted from the first meeting of this research group and explores how these investigations help us understand our modern world.
Rationale and study design for empirical additional lesions for premature ventricular complex from the outflow tract: a multi-center, prospective randomized trial (EASE-PVC study)
Authors: Wang Zhe , Xiao Fangyi , Yi Fu , Li Chengzong , Chen Long , Zou Cao , Zhang Yuzhen , Wang Yuegang , Ji Yuan , Ruan Zhongbao , Shen Wenzhi , Shi Linsheng , Sun Yumin , Wei Youquan , Xu Qiang , Wang Chen , Ju Weizhu , Chen Minglong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Late recurrence after ablation remains a significant issue in patients with premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) who undergo catheter ablation. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that empirical additional ablation (EAA) would improve the long-term control of PVCs from outflow tracts (OT-PVCs) compared with the approach of limited single point ablation at the assumptive location.

Methods
EASE-PVC study (ChiCTR2200055340) is a prospective multi-center, randomized, and controlled trial designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of empirical additional ablation in patients with OT-PVCs. After successful elimination of OT-PVCs, the patients will be randomized into two groups. In patients randomized to the EAA group, additional lesion applications at sites surrounding the successful ablation site will be delivered empirically. For patients randomized to the control group, no additional empiric ablation will be performed around the successful ablation site. The primary endpoint will be freedom from PVC recurrence at 3 months following ablation, without antiarrhythmic drug therapy.

Conclusions
The EASE-PVC study is designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of two different strategies for ablation in patients with OT-PVCs, namely empirical additional ablation strategy versus conventional single point ablation strategy. This prospective, multi-center, and randomized controlled trial, with comparative data evaluating procedural and long-term follow-up results, aims to elucidate the superiority of empirical additional ablation for the long-term control of OT-PVCs compared with the traditional single point ablation strategy.

Clinical trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200055340.