bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Framework of Franchise Agreement Compared to the Legislation Status in Yemen
Authors: العامري رشاد نعمان 
Published: July 2022

Franchise is a modern style created as a need for trade to increase projects size. It differs from the authorization to use the trademark because the latter only requires licensing of the licensee's trademark, unlike the Franchise contract, in which it goes beyond the need to convey technical knowledge from Franchisor to Franchisee. In Yemen, Franchise has not received any private legal legislation till the moment, necessitating applying contract articles, contracts general principles and some provisions embodied in the texts of other laws that are suitable to be applied to some of its issues and provisions, in addition to what is inspired by provisions in foreign laws. This study aimed to distinguish franchise agreement from similar contracts that have become common in the commercial field; to identify important legal and practical problems facing franchise agreement as well as suggest solutions to address such problems; and to propose regulatory principles that can be used by the Yemeni legislator in the future when enacting laws that govern franchise agreement. To achieve these objectives, the study followed a descriptive analytical method. The study concludes that the franchise agreement has not received any special legal legislation in Yemen so far; and also the franchise agreement is characterized by a complex nature and has special features.
Keywords: Franchise, Trade mark, Technical knowledge, Franchisor, Franchisee.
Happiness Function in an Islamic Economy: Triple Economic Growth, Fair Distribution and Human Happiness
Authors: الأفندي محمد أحمد حسن 
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the characteristics of happiness function in an Islamic economy framework. It analyzed the nature and trend of the link between economic growth, equal distribution and level of human happiness. These interrelated concepts form the essence of this study problem. The study assumed four main possible tracks for the happiness function in an Islamic economy, which ultimately emphasized the wider concept of happiness that includes faith and moral values. It indicates that people’s happiness increases with the increase of material and non material resources. However, happiness increases even if material resources decline. That is a case which reflects impact of faith and moral values on people’s happiness. The study indicated the importance of conducting empirical and field studies to examine the effect of material and non- material potentials on happiness.
Keywords: Happiness function, Material resources for Happiness, Nonmaterial resources for happiness, Economic growth, Equal distribution.
Locus of Control and its Relationship with some Personality Traits among Juvenile Delinquents in Ibb City
Authors: الشميري عبدالرقيب عبده حزام 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at investigating the nature of the relationship between the locus of control (internal and external) and some personality traits among juvenile delinquents in Ibb City. The study employed the descriptive method. To achieve the aims of the study, Rotter’s locus of control scale and Freiburger Persoblichkerts Inventory were used. The sample of the study consisted of (40) male juvenile delinquents. The results of the study indicated that the locus of external control among juvenile delinquents was common with a mean of (9.25). However, the degree of spreading the personality traits of nervousness, depression, aptitude to excitation, calmness, and restraint was high, while the degree of spreading aggression, socialization, and domination was average. In addition, there was a positive relationship with a statistical significance between the locus of control and the aggression trait only. In contrast, there were no relationships with a statistical significance between the locus of control and the other personality traits. Moreover, there were statistical differences among the juvenile delinquents with the locus of control (external – internal) in case of the aggression trait in favor of those with the external control, while there were no statistical significant differences in the other personality traits.
Keywords: Locus of control (Internal – External), Personality traits, Juvenile delinquents.
Professional Skills of Internal Auditors and their Impact on the Implementation of Corporate Governance Principles
Authors: المنهوري عبدالله حسن 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at identifying the professional skills of the internal auditors and the impact of these skills on the implementation of corporate governance principles in the Yemeni Islamic banks. The analytical descriptive method was adopted. To collect the required data, the census survey was used and 70 questionnaires were distributed to all the internal auditors in the Islamic banks and the inspectors of the Central Bank of Yemen in Sana'a. Sixty-three questionnaires were collected and all were valid for analysis. The results of the study revealed that the professional skills had a significant impact on the implementation of corporate governance principles in the Yemeni Islamic banks. The results also showed that the Islamic banks apply to some extent the governance principles as well as the professional skills in the Islamic banks. The study recommended that it is important for the Islamic banks to implement the corporate governance principles and the internal audit function should be supervised directly by the boards of directors. The study also recommended that the internal audit staff should be involved in training courses, conferences, seminars related to internal auditing and corporate governance as well as the international standards of internal audit and corporate governance principles. Additionally, copies of the international internal audit standards and local and international banking legislations should be provided.
The Role of Fatwa and Shari'a Supervisory Boards in Controlling the Transactions of Islamic Banks: A Study in Shari’a and the Yemeni law
Authors: الحياني أحمد سيف نعمان 
Published: July 2022

The transactions of Islamic banks have recently received significant attention which indicated no difference between Islamic banks and other traditional banks in terms of financial transactions. This study aimed to identify the concept, names, importance and goals of the Fatwa and Shari'a Supervisory Board in Islamic banks as well as to assess its work in light of Shari'a and the Yemeni law; and to identify the components and functions of the Board and each component’s role in the control of Islamic banks transactions. To achieve these objectives, the inductive comparative method was used where possible. Results revealed that there are various definitions for the Fatwa and Shari'a Supervisory Board suggested by scholars, but there is no comprehensive definition. Many scholars and specialists have indicated that there should be no separation or difference between the Fatwa Boards and Shari'a Supervisory boards in Islamic banks. In reality, the job of Shari'a Boards revolves around two main roles: Fatwa and Shari'a Supervision. Yemeni Islamic Banks Law stipulates that each Islamic bank shall have a Shari'a Supervisory Board, the members of which should be qualified and their number is fixed. The law does not indicate the manner of members’ appointment but that should be defined in the statutes of the bank. It also provides for the establishment of a unit in the Central Bank to supervise the banks licensed under this law. The number of members of this unit and the conditions of their appointment are not defined although the Law stipulates providing this unit with training and development to ensure its performance to the fullest.
Keywords: Shari'a Fatwa Board, Shari'a Supervisory Board, Yemeni Islamic Banks Law, Components of Fatwa and Shari'a Supervisory Board, Shari'a Reference.
The Impact of Human Capital on Organizational Performance: A Field Study at the Mobile Phone Companies in Yemen
Authors: العنسي محمد علي , النشمي مراد محمد 
Published: July 2022

The study aimed at identifying the impact of human capital on organizational performance in four mobile companies in Republic of Yemen (MTN, Yemen Mobile, SabaFon, and Y). The study used the descriptive analytical method to answer the study questions and test the hypotheses. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to the sample of the study which is 327 employees selected from all the organizational levels. The data were analyzed using simple regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant impact of human capital on organizational performance at mobile phone companies in Yemen. Findings also showed that among human capital dimensions; knowledge was the most influential dimension on organizational performance. In light of the study results, it is recommended to pay great attention to human capital by improving the employees' skills and capabilities through training courses and workshops. The study also recommended engaging the employees in setting the organization’s policies and plans, and considering their suggestions and views which may improve the organization and achieve its goals.
Keywords: human capital, organizational performance, mobile phone companies in Yemen.
Constraints Yemeni Undergraduates Face in Subtitling Audiovisual Materials
Authors: Al-Mizgagi Dr. Essam Hassan 
Published: July 2022

This study attempted to investigate the potential constraints that the Yemeni undergraduates face in subtitling audiovisual materials. The challenges of English-Arabic subtitling are under three domains; linguistic, technical and attitudinal. University of Science and Technology (UST) is barely the benchmarking academic institution that gives training on subtitling. UST was perceived as an ideal place to curry out the study. A triangulation was the methodology of the paper. A questionnaire along with a test were administered and given to 38 participants. The results of the study declared that the linguistic domain is still taking the lead. The second domain was the technical challenges. The emotive or attitudinal constraints were the least challenging. The paper gave recommendations to overcome these constraints. Conclusion and recommendations of the study can be taken in other countries that undergo similar conditions.
Keywords: audiovisual translation, subtitling, UST, Yemen.
The Relationship between the Criteria for Granting Bank Credit and the Quality of the Audited Financial Statements: A Field Study in Traditional Banks in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Prof. Dr. Mohammed A. Alrubaidi  , Mohammed D. Alatifi  
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the criteria for granting bank credit and the quality of the audited financial statements by conducting a field study in traditional banks in the Republic of Yemen. In order to achieve this objective, a questionnaire was used for collecting data from the study population consisted of (9) traditional banks. The complete census sampling method was used for the sample of (119) employees. The actual no. of questionnaires, valid for analysis, was 104. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study revealed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the criteria of granting credit (related to customer, bank and credit) and the quality of the audited financial statements. The study recommends that the quality of audited financial statements should be enhanced and their role should be activated in decision making.
Keywords: traditional banks, Republic of Yemen, quality of audited financial statements, credit granting criteria.
The effect of pricing strategies on increasing the market share- A field study in Amran Cement Factory
Authors: أ.د/ عبده أحمد علي العامري  , أ. أكرم عبده علي الحكيمي  
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of pricing strategies on increasing the market share in Amran Cement Factory (ACF). The descriptive analytical approach was adopted; and a questionnaire was developed for collecting the data. The study population was the members of the senior, middle, and executive management at ACF with a total number of (110) employees. The complete consensus method was used, and a total of (107) questionnaires were returned; however, 105 were valid for analysis using SPSS. The study results showed that there is a positive statistically significant effect of pricing strategies on increasing the market share of ACF. Results also revealed that the factory applies a high degree of pricing strategies, and the market share of ACF is high. The study recommends enhancing pricing strategies at ACF for its importance in increasing the market share.
Measuring the Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates on Determining the Commercial and Industrial Profits Tax Base: A Standard Study on Commercial Banks Operating in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: الربيدي أ.د. محمد علي , الرصّاص أ. أشرف عبد الكريم 
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to measure the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates on determining the commercial and industrial profits tax base, through a standard study on commercial banks operating in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve this goal, the study relied on annual time series of the published financial statements of banks operating in the Republic of Yemen for each of the foreign currency position of assets and liabilities during the period (2011-2017). The Statistical Analysis Software (EViews V.10) was used in data analysis. The results showed that changes in foreign exchange rates affect the determination of the commercial and industrial profits tax base. The study recommends adherence to the requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (21) when measuring the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates on determining the commercial and industrial profits tax base, in a manner that does not conflict with the provisions of Yemeni Law No. (17) of 2010 “income taxes” and its amendments.
GUARDIANS & METANAUTS: Shaping the Reality of Future Humanity
Authors: Leblanc Marie , Richir Simon , Rostain Pierre-Stuart , Benoist Thierry , Bouchard Stéphane , Cooney Robert , Dyboski-Bryant Daniel , Savage Kylie , Schmidt Silke , Tintul Mariia 
Published: July 2022

For over 20 years, Laval Virtual has been identifying the latest XR trends and leading a growing international community operating in all sectors of activity. In 2016, as an international XR facilitator, Laval Virtual designed the Visionaries Think Tank: a 2-days exclusive prospective workshop for Scientists, Academics, Investors, Authors, Philosophers, Law Makers, Influencers, and/or Industrials from all over the world. The aim? Identify early signals of XR technology advancements over the next ten years and their impacts.
This report provides the individual thoughts of each visionary and the common vision resulting from the Visionaries Think Tank 2022.
The sugarless grape trait characterised by single berry phenotyping
Authors: Bigard Antoine , Romieu Charles , Ojeda Hernán , Torregrosa Laurent Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2022

In grape production, the selection of varieties well-adapted to climate fluctuations, especially warming, is based on achieving a balance between fruit sugars and acidity. In recent decades, temperature has been constantly rising during ripening causing excessive sugar concentrations and insufficient acidity in wine grapes in the warmest regions. There is thus an increasing interest in breeding new cultivars able to ripen at lower sugar concentration while preserving fruit acidity. However, the phenotyping of berry composition challenges both methodological and conceptual issues. Indeed, most authors predetermine either average harvest date, ripening duration, thermal time or even the hexoses concentration threshold itself to compare accessions at a hopefully similar ripe stage. In this study, we phenotyped the fruit development and composition of 6 genotypes, including 3 new disease-tolerant varieties known to produce wines with low alcoholic contents. The study was performed at single berry level from the end of the green growth stage to the end of phloem unloading, when water and solute contents reach a maximum per berry. The results confirm that sugarless genotypes achieve fruit ripening with 20-30 % less hexoses than the classical varieties, Grenache N and Merlot N, without impacting berry growth, total acidity or cation accumulation. The sugarless genotypes displayed a higher malic acid/tartaric acid balance than the other genotypes, but similar sucrose/H+ exchanges at the onset of ripening. Data suggest that the sugarless phenotype results from a specific plasticity in the relationship between growth and the turgor imposed by organic acid accumulation and sugar loading. This opens interesting perspectives for the understanding of the mechanism of grapevine berry growth and for breeding varieties that will cope better with climate warming.
Kitab Tajwid Nazm Batu Ngompal Tuan Guru Kyai Haji Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid
Authors: Rahmatullah Salim , Hamzah Mohd. Shafiee Bin 
Published: July 2022

Para ulama di Nusantara menilai penting membaca al-Quran, sehingga mereka melakukan pengajaran-pengajaran ilmu al-Quran. Salah satunya di bidang tajwid dengan berbagai kitab yang aslinya berbahasa Arab, tetapi diterjemahkan dan diajarkan kepada para muridnya. Artikel ini mencoba mendeskripsikan dan melihat keunikan dari kitab tajwid Nadhom Batu Ngompal, karya dari Maulana Syaikh Tuan Guru Kyai Haji Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid. Artikel ini adalah artikel kualitatif yang menggunakan metode wawancara dan kajian pustaka dalam mengumpulkan data, yang kemudian dianalisis dan dideskripsikan. Hasilnya ada lima keunikan dari Nazam Batu Ngompal: Pertama keunikan dari sisi nama yang berbeda dengan kitab Nusantara pada umumnya. Kedua, ditulis menggunakan tiga bahasa: Arab, Indonesia, dan Sasak. Ketiga, ditulis menggunakan aksara Arab-Jawi atau Arab-Pegon. Keempat, bahasanya dominan Indonesia namun tersusun menurut Ilmu Arudh. Kelima, mengandung pesan-pesan pentingnya tajwid dan berguru kepada ahlinya.
E-scooters and the City – head to toe injuries
Authors: Kowalczewska Justyna , Rzepczyk Szymon , Żaba Czesław 
Published: July 2022

In the recent years electric scooters have become much more common. As the number of drivers increased, so did the number of accidents and injuries involving e-scooters. The most common are head and neck injuries, including open wounds of soft tissues, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), fractures of the skull bones, and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). The second most frequent are injuries to both upper and lower limbs. Fractures of the spine and injuries to the chest and abdominal cavity are less common. Many injuries could be avoided by using helmets, not driving e-scooters under the influence of intoxicating substances, and systematizing the rules of using e- scooters among other road traffic users.
Modern diagnostics in IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy
Authors: Matysiak Joanna 
Published: July 2022

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants and young children. Allergic reactions can vary from mild to severe, like an anaphylactic shock. In case of CMA diagnosis suspicion skin prick tests (SPT), immunoassays of specific IgE (sIgE) in blood serum (in vitro tests) and oral food challenge (OFC) tests can be performed. SPT wheal diameter and the level of serum specific IgE to milk do not correlate with severity of clinical symptoms, while procedure of OFC is often difficult or even imposible in practice. Therefore component resolved-diagnostics (CRD) tests are a new diagnostic tool, which allows for a better correlation of laboratory test results with the observed clinical symptoms and indicate the triggering allergens.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Analysis of 3 Million Americans from the National Health Interview Survey and Household Pulse Survey
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Singh Gopal K. 
Published: July 2022

Background: During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, racial/ethnic minorities in the United States (US) experienced a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization, job losses, food insecurity, and reduced healthcare access, resulting in increased mental health problems. Given heterogeneous findings on the impact of COVID-19 among racial/ethnic minorities, it is worthwhile to examine the differential effects of the pandemic on mental health by race/ethnicity.
Methods: This study examines changes in mental health status among US adults aged ≥18 years before and during the pandemic. We pooled data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey with the 2020-2021 Household Pulse Survey (N=2,980,511). Logistic regression was used for binary outcomes and linear regression was used for the composite Psychological Distress Index (PDI) measure derived from principal components analysis to estimate changes in mental health after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results: Mental health status worsened during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The adjusted predicted probabilities of having little interest increased from 3.29% in 2019 to 10.97% in 2020 and 11.28% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of being depressed increased from 2.69% in 2019 to 11.00% in 2020 and 11.21% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of feeling anxious increased from 3.95% in 2019 to 18.35% in 2020 and 16.96% in 2021. The adjusted predicted probabilities of worrying increased from 4.18% in 2019 to 13.15% in 2020 and 12.61% in 2021. The adjusted mean PDI score increased from 87.52 in 2019 to 103.18 in 2020 and 101.13 in 2021. In stratified models, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had higher odds of depression, anxiety, and worries, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Asians experienced 10 times higher odds of depression and 15 times higher odds of anxiety in 2020 than their counterparts before the pandemic.
Conclusions and Implications for Translation: US adults experienced a marked increase in mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, in 2020 and 2021, compared with their counterparts in 2019. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health worsened during the pandemic.

Copyright © 2022 Lee and Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.