bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extended scattered light disk around AT Pyx
Authors: Ginski C. , Gratton R. , Bohn A. , Dominik C. , Jorquera S. , Chauvin G. , Milli J. , Rodriguez M. , Benisty M. , Launhardt R. , Müller A. , Cugno G. , van Holstein R. G. , Boccaletti A. , Muro-Arena G. A. , Desidera S. , Keppler M. , Zurlo A. , Sissa E. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Langlois M. , Bonnefoy M. , Cantalloube F. , D’Orazi V. , Feldt M. , Hagelberg J. , Ségransan D. , Lagrange A-M. , Lazzoni C. , Meyer M. , Romero C. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Vigan A. , Petit C. , Roelfsema R. , Pragt J. , Weber L. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. To understand how the multitude of planetary systems that have been discovered come to be, we need to study systems at different evolutionary stages, with different central stars but also in different environments. The most challenging environment for planet formation may be the harsh UV radiation field of nearby massive stars which quickly erodes disks by external photo-evaporation. We observed the AT Pyx system, located in the head of a cometary globule in the Gum Nebula, to search for signs of ongoing planet formation.
Methods. We used the extreme adaptive optics imager VLT/SPHERE in Dual Beam Polarization Imaging Mode in H-band as well as in IRDIFS Extended mode (K12-band imaging and Y-H integral field spectroscopy) to observe AT Pyx in polarized light and total intensity. Additionally, we employed VLT/NACO to observe the system in the L-band.
Results. We resolve the disk around AT Pyx for the first time in scattered light across multiple wavelengths in polarized light and total intensity. We find an extended (≥126 au) disk, with an intermediate inclination of between 35° and 42°. The disk shows a complex substructure and we identify two or possibly three spiral-like features. Depending on the precise geometry of the disk (which we cannot unambiguously infer from our data), the disk may be eccentric with an eccentricity of ~0.16 or partially self-shadowed. The spiral features and possible eccentricity are both consistent with signatures of an embedded gas giant planet with a mass of ~1 MJup. Our own observations can rule out brown dwarf companions embedded in the resolved disk, but are nevertheless not sensitive enough to confirm or rule out the presence of a gas giant.
Conclusions. AT Pyx is the first disk to be spatially resolved in a cometary globule in the Gum Nebula. By comparison with disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster we note that the extension of the disk may be exceptional for this environment if the external UV radiation field is indeed comparable to other cometary globules in the region. The signposts of ongoing planet formation are intriguing and need to be followed up with either higher sensitivity or at different wavelengths.
Statistical analysis of the causes of excess variance in the 21 cm signal power spectra obtained with the Low-Frequency Array
Authors: Gan H. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Offringa A. R. , Ciardi B. , Gehlot B. K. , Ghara R. , Ghosh A. , Giri S. K. , Iliev I. T. , Mellema G. , Pandey V. N. , Zaroubi S. 
Published: March 2022

Context.The detection of the 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is challenging due to bright foreground sources, radio frequency interference (RFI), and the ionosphere as well as instrumental effects. Even after correcting for these effects in the calibration step and applying foreground removal techniques, the remaining residuals in the observed 21 cm power spectra are still above the thermal noise, which is referred to as the “excess variance.”Aims.We study a number of potential causes of this excess variance based on 13 nights of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR).Methods.We focused on the impact of gain errors, the sky model, and ionospheric effects on the excess variance by correlating the relevant parameters such as the gain variance over time or frequency, local sidereal time (LST), diffractive scale, and phase structure–function slope with the level of excess variance.Results.Our analysis shows that the excess variance, at the current level, is neither strongly correlated with gain variance nor the ionospheric parameters. Rather, excess variance has an LST dependence, which is related to the power from the sky. Furthermore, the simulated StokesIpower spectra from bright sources and the excess variance show a similar progression over LST with the minimum power appearing at LST bin 6h to 9h. This LST dependence is also present in sky images of the residual StokesIof the observations. In very-wide sky images based on one night of observation after direction-dependent calibration, we demonstrate that the extra power comes exactly from the direction of bright and distant sources Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A with the array beam patterns.Conclusions.These results suggest that the level of excess variance in the 21 cm signal power spectra is related to sky effects and, hence, it depends on LST. In particular, very bright and distant sources such as Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A can dominate the effect. This is in line with earlier studies and offers a path forward toward a solution, since the correlation between the sky-related effects and the excess variance is non-negligible.
Influence of anesthesia with isoflurane on myocardial velocities of racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)
Authors: Legler Marko , Koy Lajos , Kummerfeld Norbert , Fehr Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new technique to measure the myocardial velocities of the avian heart. Using this technique, the present study investigated the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities in racing pigeons.
Material and Methods Racing pigeons (n = 40) were anesthetized with isoflurane with a semi-open anesthesia system with an anesthetic mask and spontaneous breath. The echocardiographic examination was performed during the stage of surgical anesthesia with the failure of the toe pinch and wing twitch reflexes and with deep regular breaths. Echocardiographic measurements were taken in conscious and anesthetized pigeons in the right parasternal longitudinal horizontal heart view.
Results The results demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate, systolic and diastolic A’ wave myocardial velocities. The diastolic E’ wave velocities were less influenced by anesthesia and significantly decreased only for some heart wall segments. The systolic myocardial velocities were significantly negatively correlated with the heart rate. Using the TDI curve, the isovolumic contraction (IVC) and relaxation time (IVR) and the time of atrioventricular delay during anesthesia could be determined. There is a significant increase in IVR and atrioventricular delay during anesthesia
Conclusion and Clinical Relevancen A higher heart rate in anesthesia should be interpreted as a compensation for reduced heart performance. The results of the present study indicate the necessity for establishing normal heart values in conscious and anesthetized pigeons.
Tuning the giant magnetocaloric effect in MnCoGe alloy with external pressure
Authors: Sharma V. K. , Garg Nandini , Manekar Meghmalhar 
Published: March 2022

We report the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetocaloric effect across the magneto-structural transition in an off-stoichiometric Mn34.5Co33.1Ge32.4 alloy. A very large isothermal entropy change of 38.95 J kg−1 K−1 is observed at nearly 303 K for a magnetic field excursion of 7 T at ambient pressure. The temperature of the peak entropy change and, thus, the working temperature range of the alloy drastically decrease by about 45 K with the application of a moderate hydrostatic pressure of 297 MPa. This shift is explained by correlating the results of x-ray diffraction measurements performed under high pressure for studying the structural aspect of the transition. Our results highlight the potential of the Mn–Co–Ge alloy system for multi-caloric applications in which the temperature change can be achieved by more than one external stimulus. The present work may also lead to future experiments, which study the response of multi-calorics driven by many external stimuli within the same experimental environment.
Photodissociation dynamics of N3+
Authors: Patra Sarbani , San Vicente Veliz Juan Carlos , Koner Debasish , Bieske Evan J. , Meuwly Markus 
Published: March 2022

The photodissociation dynamics of N3+ excited from its (linear) 3Σg−/(bent) 3A″ ground to the first excited singlet and triplet states is investigated. Three-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the 1A′, 1A″, and 3A′ electronic states, correlating with the 1Δg and 3Πu states in linear geometry, for N3+ are constructed using high-level electronic structure calculations and represented as reproducing kernels. The reference ab initio energies are calculated at the MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. For following the photodissociation dynamics in the excited states, rotational and vibrational distributions P(v′) and P(j′) for the N2 product are determined from vertically excited ground state distributions. Due to the different shapes of the ground state 3A″ potential energy surface and the excited states, appreciable angular momentum j′ ∼ 60 is generated in diatomic fragments. The lifetimes in the excited states extend to at least 50 ps. Notably, results from sampling initial conditions from a thermal ensemble and from the Wigner distribution of the ground state wavefunction are comparable.
Hybridisation, pollen–pistil interactions and hybrid seed set among
Authors: Pauldasan Abraham , Vipin Pulpayil , Durai Arumugam , Nicodemus Abel 
Published: March 2022

Context Casuarina trees are extensively planted in the tropics for wood production and environmental services. The breeding program’s current focus is on developing hybrids that combine the specific characteristics of different species and are suitable for various planting environments and end uses. Aim Breeding programs aim to develop interspecific hybrids possessing desirable combinations of species-specific characters of Casuarina for increasing plantation productivity. Methods Controlled-pollination studies were conducted involving C. equisetifolia, C. junghuhniana and C. cristata to determine the possibility of hybridisation among them and to evaluate the hybridisation success rate in different cross-combinations. The pollen-tube growth in the pistil was studied to understand the role of pollen–pistil interactions in hybridisation success. Key result Fourteen cross-combinations of the three species resulted in 2–57% fruit set and 75.1–93.8% seed set. C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana hybridised reciprocally, whereas C. cristata hybridised with other species only as pollen parent. The larger flower size of C. cristata acted as a barrier preventing hybridisation with species having smaller-sized flowers. Variation in seed germination was large (3.6–91.3%), highest for C. junghuhniana and lowest for C. equisetifolia mothers. Fertilisation occurred 45 days after pollination in C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana and after 50 days in C. cristata. The ovary was immature at pollination and pollen tubes showed discontinuous growth in the pistil marked by periods of arrest for the ovules to develop. The stigma showed 3–5.7 pollen tubes, and invariably a single tube entered the ovary. The absence of major pre-fertilisation barriers but varying levels of hybridisation success indicates post-zygotic selection through embryo abortion. Conclusion Increasing the parental combinations of interspecific crosses where fruit set is limiting and pollinating more flowers per cross where germination is low may enhance hybridisation success. Implications The cross compatibility among different species of Casuarina provides scope to produce site and end-use specific hybrids to meet the commercial and livelihood needs.
ΔNp63-Senataxin circuit controls keratinocyte differentiation by promoting the transcriptional termination of epidermal genes
Authors: Gatti Veronica , Fierro Claudia , Compagnone Mirco , La Banca Veronica , Mauriello Alessandro , Montanaro Manuela , Scalera Stefano , De Nicola Francesca , Candi Eleonora , Ricci Francesco , Fania Luca , Melino Gerry , Peschiaroli Angelo 
Published: March 2022

Significance
ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Here, we provide cellular and molecular evidence demonstrating the functional role of a ΔNp63 interactor, the R-loop–resolving enzyme Senataxin (SETX), in fine-tuning keratinocyte differentiation. We found that SETX physically binds the p63 DNA–binding motif present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3′ ends and thus allowing efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. These molecular events translate into the inability of SETX-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the correct epidermal differentiation program. Remarkably, SETX is dysregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
Warming temperatures drive at least half of the magnitude of long-term trait changes in European birds
Authors: McLean Nina , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Leech David , van Turnhout Chris A. M. , van de Pol Martijn 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Climate change is impacting wild populations, but its relative importance compared to other causes of change is still unclear. Many studies assume that changes in traits primarily reflect effects of climate change, but this assumption is rarely tested. We show that in European birds global warming was likely the single most important contributor to temporal trends in laying date, body condition, and offspring number. However, nontemperature factors were also important and acted in the same direction, implying that attributing temporal trends solely to rising temperatures overestimates the impact of climate warming. Differences among species in the amount of trait change were predominantly determined by these nontemperature effects, suggesting that species differences are not due to variation in sensitivity to temperature.
A milk-sharing economy allows placental mammals to overcome their metabolic limits
Authors: Cerrito Paola , Spear Jeffrey K. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceHere, we demonstrate that a naturally evolving behavior (allonursing) has greater effect on reproductive power (mass per unit of time) and output (litter mass at birth) than does artificial selection (domestication). Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of resource optimization afforded by sociality (rather than resource abundance per se) in shaping a species’ life history profile and its ability to overcome its own physiological constraints.
Molecular mechanism underlying the TLR4 antagonistic and antiseptic activities of papiliocin, an insect innate immune response molecule
Authors: Krishnan Manigandan , Choi Joonhyeok , Jang Ahjin , Choi Sungjae , Yeon Jiwon , Jang Mihee , Lee Yeongjoon , Son Kkabi , Shin Soon Young , Jeong Myeong Seon , Kim Yangmee 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceSimilar to mammalian TLR4/MD-2, the Toll9/MD-2–like protein complex in the silkworm,Bombyx mori,acts as an innate pattern-recognition receptor that recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induces LPS-stimulated expression of antimicrobial peptides such as cecropins. Here, we report that papiliocin, a cecropin-like insect antimicrobial peptide from the swallowtail butterfly, competitively inhibits the LPS-TLR4/MD-2 interaction by directly binding to human TLR4/MD-2. Structural elements in papiliocin, which are important in inhibiting TLR4 signaling via direct binding, are highly conserved among insect cecropins, indicating that its TLR4-antagonistic activity may be related to insect Toll9-mediated immune response against microbial infection. This study highlights the potential of papiliocin as a potent TLR4 antagonist and safe peptide antibiotic for treating gram-negative sepsis.
Failed remyelination of the nonhuman primate optic nerve leads to axon degeneration, retinal damages, and visual dysfunction
Authors: Sarrazin Nadège , Chavret-Reculon Estelle , Bachelin Corinne , Felfli Mehdi , Arab Rafik , Gilardeau Sophie , Brazhnikova Elena , Dubus Elisabeth , Yahia Cherif Lydia , Lorenceau Jean , Picaud Serge , Rosolen Serge , Moissonnier Pierre , Pouget Pierre , Baron-Van Evercooren Anne 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Promotion of remyelination has become a new therapeutic avenue to prevent neuronal degeneration and promote recovery in white matter diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To date most of these strategies have been developed in short-lived rodent models of demyelination, which spontaneously repair. Well-defined nonhuman primate models closer to man would allow us to efficiently advance therapeutic approaches. Here we present a nonhuman primate model of optic nerve demyelination that recapitulates several features of MS lesions. The model leads to failed remyelination, associated with progressive axonal degeneration and visual dysfunction, thus providing the missing link to translate emerging preclinical therapies to the clinic for myelin disorders such as MS.
Electronegativity and chemical hardness of elements under pressure
Authors: Dong Xiao , Oganov Artem R. , Cui Haixu , Zhou Xiang-Feng , Wang Hui-Tian 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Over the years, many unusual chemical phenomena have been discovered at high pressures, yet our understanding of them is still very fragmentary. Our paper addresses this from the fundamental level by exploring the key chemical properties of atoms—electronegativity and chemical hardness—as a function of pressure. We have made an appropriate modification to the definition of Mulliken electronegativity to extend its applicability to high pressures. The change in atomic properties, which we observe, allows us to provide a unified framework explaining (and predicting) many chemical phenomena and the altered behavior of many elements under pressure.
A hypothesis concerning distinct schemes of olfactory activation evoked by perceived versus nonperceived input
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The authors propose that odors are consciously perceived or not, depending on whether the olfactory cortex succeeds in activating the endopiriform nucleus—a structure that, in turn, is capable of activating multiple downstream brain areas. The authors further propose that the cellular mechanisms of endopiriform nucleus activation are an attenuated form of cellular events that occur during epileptic seizure initiation. If correct, the authors’ hypothesis could help explain the mechanisms of action of certain general anesthetics.
How real has the long-anticipated fast-growing influence of American English on Kenyan English been?
Authors: Buregeya Alfred 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the 1990s, the existing literature anticipated a fast-growing influence of American English on Kenyan English in the following years.Mazrui and Mazrui (1996)even predicted a “coca-colanization” of Kenyan English. Focusing on vocabulary, the present study investigated whether the anticipated influence has occurred or not. From a sample of 75 fourth-year university students it collected self-reports of which words they used from 93 pairs of American-vs-British English counterparts. These self-reports were then compared with, among others, the frequencies of the same words in two corpora of Kenyan English which were compiled two decades apart. The study found that the respondents’ self-reports indicated a 59 percent use of British English vocabulary, against only a 28 percent use of American English vocabulary. This finding was by and large corroborated by the frequencies of the words concerned in the two corpora. Thus, the anticipated American English influence has not materialized.
Politician, activist… or hero?
Authors: Galindo-Ramírez Joaquín , Jaraíz-Arroyo Germán , Hernández-Ramírez Macarena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores how narratives and their discursive elements construct the idea of rebelliousness in subjects who followed different pathways through politics and activism after the Spanish 15-M movement. Methodologically, two representative examples of narratives have been selected on the basis of interviews with participants in the movement. To study these cases, the concept of rebel narratives is proposed from the perspective of narrative as social practice. The analysis applied here is based on a dialogue between the two cases studied, as discourses in which the activity of their tellers develops in certain contexts of discourse production. Based on this analysis, it is suggested that rebelliousness, in addition to manifesting subjective affiliations, fulfils a performative function with which the subjects legitimise their chosen path and constitute themselves, motivating, in the cases presented, revisions of the past or the rhetoric characteristic of a hero.
Reading fiction with an e-book or in print
Authors: Kosch Lukas , Stocker Günther , Schwabe Annika , Boomgaarden Hajo G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Empirical research on the differences between digital and print reading has recently increased, mainly concentrating on informational texts while disregarding literary texts. Concerning narrative fiction, the existing quantitative studies have found no or very few differences between reading printed books and e-books. In our focus group study, we amplify the perspective on digital and print book reading through a largely explorative approach. The results gained by interviewing 34 habitual readers of e-books in six groups show that e-books complement rather than replace printed books. Crucial differences can be found in the dimensions of the reading situation, genre selection, purpose of reading, as well as literary quality and status of the text. Furthermore, our results shed new light on the importance of the printed book as an individual material object, with its own specific iconicity and with notable consequences for intellectual possession, memory, and remembrance of read books and lived reading experiences.
Anisotropic compact stars in Rastall–Rainbow gravity
Authors: Mota Clésio E , Santos Luis C N , da Silva Franciele M , Flores César V , da Silva Tiago J N , Menezes Débora P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate anisotropic effects on the equations of state (EoS) used to describe neutron and quark stars in the framework of Rastall–Rainbow gravity. All our calculations are computed using two different EoS to describe the matter contained within the star: the MIT bag model for quark stars and the IU-FSU parameterisation for the standard hadronic matter. From the values of masses and radii obtained, we can conclude that anisotropic pressure has significant consequences on the structure of compact objects. Specifically, when anisotropy is considered within general relativity, it significantly modifies the maximum stellar mass. On the other hand, when Rastall–Rainbow gravity and anisotropy are simultaneously considered, they provide the best results for the masses and radii of some important astrophysical objects such as the low-mass x-ray binary (LMXB) NGC 6397 and the extremely massive millisecond pulsating source of radio (PSR) J0740 + 6620, for instance. Radii results inferred from the Lead Radius EXperiment (PREX-2) and the compact object in the mass-gap of GW190814 event can also be described for certain values of the Rastall–Rainbow and anisotropy parameters.