bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destructibility and axiomatizability of Kaufmann models
Authors: Switzer Corey Bacal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA Kaufmann model is an $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

-like, recursively saturated, rather classless model of $${{\mathsf {P}}}{{\mathsf {A}}}$$

P
A

(or $${{\mathsf {Z}}}{{\mathsf {F}}} $$

Z
F

). Such models were constructed by Kaufmann under the combinatorial principle $$\diamondsuit _{\omega _1}$$

♢

ω
1

and Shelah showed they exist in $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
by an absoluteness argument. Kaufmann models are an important witness to the incompactness of $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

similar to Aronszajn trees. In this paper we look at some set theoretic issues related to this motivated by the seemingly naïve question of whether such a model can be “killed” by forcing without collapsing $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

. We show that the answer to this question is independent of $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
and closely related to similar questions about Aronszajn trees. As an application of these methods we also show that it is independent of $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
whether or not Kaufmann models can be axiomatized in the logic $$L_{\omega _1, \omega } (Q)$$

L

ω
1

,
ω

(
Q
)

where Q is the quantifier “there exists uncountably many”.
Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is superior to active rehabilitation in protecting against further patella dislocations
Authors: Straume-Næsheim Truls Martin , Randsborg Per-Henrik , Mikaelsen Jan Rune , Årøen Asbjørn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL-R) has become the predominant stabilizing procedure in the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). To minimize the risk of re-dislocations, isolated MPFL-R is recommended in patients with no significant trochlea dysplasia and tibial tuberosity trochlear groove distance < 20 mm on computed tomography (CT). Incidentally, these criteria are the same that are used to identify first time LPD patients where conservative treatment is recommended. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare MPFL-R with active rehabilitation for patients with recurrent LPD (RLPD) in absence of the above mentioned underlying anatomical high-risk factors for further patellar dislocations.

Methods
RLPD-patients aged 12–30 without underlying anatomical high-risk factors for further LPD were randomized into treatment either with isolated MPFL-R or active rehabilitation provided and instructed by a physiotherapist. All patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy for concomitant problems. The main outcome measure was persistent patellar instability at 12 months. Knee function at baseline and 12 months was asses using the following patient reported outcomes measures (PROMS); KOOS, Kujala, Cincinnati knee rating, Lysholm score and Noyes sports activity rating scale.

Results
Between 2010 and 2019, 61 patients were included in the study (MPFL-R, N = 30, Controls, N = 31). Persistent patellar instability at 12 months was reported by 13 (41.9%) controls, versus 2 (6.7%) in the MPFL-group (RR 6.3 (95% CI 1.5–25.5). No statistically significant differences in activity level were found between the MPFL-group and the Controls at neither baseline nor follow up. The patients with persistent instability at 12 months did not score significantly lower on any of the PROMs compared to their stable peers, regardless of study group.

Conclusion
Patients with recurrent patellar dislocations have a six-fold increased risk of persistent patellar instability if treated with active rehabilitation alone, compared to MPFL-R in combination with active rehabilitation, even in the absence of significant anatomical risk factors. Active rehabilitation of the knee without MPFL-R improves patient reported knee function after one year, but does not protect against persistent patellar instability.

Level of evidence
1.
The impact of levator ani muscle trauma and contraction on recurrence after prolapse surgery
Authors: Nyhus M. Ø. , Mathew S. , Salvesen K. Å. , Volløyhaug I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to explore the impact of levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma and pelvic floor contraction on symptoms and anatomy after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

Methods
Prospective study including 200 women with symptomatic POP ≥ grade 2 examined 3 months prior to and 6 months after surgery. Prolapse in each compartment was graded using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system, and women answered yes/no to a question about bulge sensation. Pelvic floor muscle contraction was assessed with transperineal ultrasound measuring proportional change in levator hiatal anteroposterior diameter from rest to contraction. LAM trauma was diagnosed using tomographic ultrasound imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 183 women (92%) completed the study. Anatomical recurrence (POP ≥ grade 2) was found in 76 women (42%), and a bulge sensation was reported by 35 (19%). Ninety-two women (50%) had LAM trauma, and this was associated with increased risk of anatomical recurrence (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.1–4.1), p = 0.022), but not bulge sensation (OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–2.4), p = 0.809). We found a reduced risk of bulge sensation for women with absent to weak contraction compared with normal to strong contraction (OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.1–0.9), p = 0.031), but no difference in risk for POP ≥ 2 after surgery (OR 1.5 (95% CI 0.8–2.9), p = 0.223).

Conclusions
Levator ani muscle trauma was associated with increased risk of anatomical failure 6 months after POP surgery. Absent to weak pelvic floor muscle contraction was associated with reduced risk of bulge sensation after surgery.
The Split and Approximate Split Property in 2D Systems: Stability and Absence of Superselection Sectors
Authors: Naaijkens Pieter , Ogata Yoshiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe split property of a pure state for a certain cut of a quantum spin system can be understood as the entanglement between the two subsystems being weak. From this point of view, we may say that if it is not possible to transform a state$$\omega $$ωvia sufficiently local automorphisms (in a sense that we will make precise) into a state satisfying the split property, then the state$$\omega $$ωhas a long-range entanglement. It is well known that in 1D, gapped ground states have the split property with respect to cutting the system into left and right half-chains. In 2D, however, the split property fails to hold for interesting models such as Kitaev’s toric code. Here we show that this failure is the reason that anyons can exist in that model. There is a folklore saying that the existence of anyons, like in the toric code model, implies long-range entanglement of the state. In this paper, we prove this folklore in an infinite dimensional setting. More precisely, we show that long-range entanglement, in a way that we will define precisely, is a necessary condition to have non-trivial superselection sectors. Anyons in particular give rise to such non-trivial sectors. States with the split property for cones, on the other hand, do not admit non-trivial sectors. A key technical ingredient of our proof is that under suitable assumptions on locality, the automorphisms generated by local interactions can be “approximately factorized.” That is, they can be written as the tensor product of automorphisms localized in a cone and its complement respectively, followed by an automorphism acting near the “boundary” of$$\Lambda $$Λ, and conjugation with a unitary. This result may be of independent interest. This technique also allows us to prove that theapproximatesplit property, a weaker version of the split property thatissatisfied in e.g. the toric code, is stable under applying such automorphisms.
Clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration platelet-rich plasma in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain
Authors: Lutz Cole , Cheng Jennifer , Prysak Meredith , Zukofsky Tyler , Rothman Rachel , Lutz Gregory 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain and to compare outcomes with a historical cohort.

Methods
This retrospective study included 37 patients who received intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) PRP and had post-procedure outcomes data (visual numerical scale pain score, Functional Rating Index [FRI], and NASS Patient Satisfaction Index). Outcomes were compared to a historical cohort of 29 patients who received intradiscal injections of < 5X PRP.

Results
Pain and FRI scores significantly improved by 3.4 ± 2.5 and 46.4 ± 27.6, respectively, at 18.3 ± 13.3 months following intradiscal injections of > 10 × PRP (p < 0.001). These improvements were greater than those reported by the historical cohort (1.7 ± 1.6 and 33.7 ± 12.3; p = 0.004 and 0.016, respectively). Additionally, the satisfaction rate was higher in patients receiving > 10 × PRP compared to those receiving < 5 × PRP (81% vs. 55%; p = 0.032).

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that clinical outcomes can be optimized by using PRP preparations that contain a higher concentration of platelets. Further research is needed to continue to optimize the composition of PRP used to treat patients with lumbar disc disease.
Parallel m-dimensional relative ant colony optimization (mDRACO) for the Costas-array problem
Authors: Vulakh David , Finkel Raphael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Costas-array problem is a combinatorial constraint-satisfaction problem (CSP) that remains unsolved for many array sizes greater than 30. In order to reduce the time required to solve large instances, we present an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm called m-Dimensional Relative Ant Colony Optimization ($$m$$
m
DRACO) for combinatorial CSPs, focusing specifically on the Costas-array problem. This paper introduces the optimizations included in $$m$$
m
DRACO, such as map-based association of pheromone with arbitrary-length component sequences and relative path storage. We assess the quality of the resulting $$m$$
m
DRACO framework on the Costas-array problem by computing the efficiency of its processor utilization and comparing its run time to that of an ACO framework without the new optimizations. $$m$$
m
DRACO gives promising results; it has efficiency greater than 0.5 and reduces time-to-first-solution for the $$m = 16$$

m
=
16

Costas-array problem by a factor of over 300.
Prescribed signal concentration on the boundary: eventual smoothness in a chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with logistic proliferation
Authors: Black Tobias , Wu Chunyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes systems with logistic proliferation and signal consumption of the form "Equation missing"for parameter choices $$\kappa \ge 0$$

κ
≥
0

and $$\mu >0$$

μ
>
0

. Herein, we moreover impose a nonnegative and time-constant prescribed concentration $$c_\star \in C^2({\overline{\Omega }})$$

c
⋆

∈

C
2

(

Ω
¯

)

for the signal chemical on the boundary of the domain $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{\mathcal {N}}$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $${\mathcal {N}}\in \{2,3\}$$

N
∈
{
2
,
3
}

. After first extending the previously known result on time-global existence of weak solutions for the Stokes variant to the full Navier–Stokes setting, we proceed with an investigation of eventual regularity properties in the slightly more restrictive setting of $$c_\star $$

c
⋆

being also constant in space. We show that sufficiently strong logistic influence, in the sense that for $$\omega >0$$

ω
>
0

and $$\mu _0>0$$

μ
0

>
0

there is some $$\eta =\eta (\omega ,\mu _0,c_\star )>0$$

η
=
η
(
ω
,

μ
0

,

c
⋆

)
>
0

with the property that whenever $$\begin{aligned} \mu _0\le \mu \quad \text {and}\quad \frac{\kappa }{\min \{\mu ,\mu ^{\frac{{\mathcal {N}}+6}{6}+\omega }\}}<\eta \end{aligned}$$

μ
0

≤
μ

and

κ

min
{
μ
,

μ

N
+
6

6

+
ω

}

<
η

are satisfied the global weak solution eventually becomes a smooth and classical solution with waiting time depending on $$\omega ,\mu _0,\eta ,c_\star $$

ω
,

μ
0

,
η
,

c
⋆

and the initial data.
Global higher integrability for minimisers of convex obstacle problems with (p,q)-growth
Authors: Koch Lukas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove global $$W^{1,q}(\Omega ,{\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

W

1
,
q

(
Ω
,

R

N

)

-regularity for minimisers of $${{\mathscr {F}}(u)=\int _\Omega F(x,Du)\,{\mathrm{d}}x}$$

F

(
u
)

=

∫
Ω

F

(
x
,
D
u
)

d
x

satisfying $$u\ge \psi $$

u
≥
ψ

for a given Sobolev obstacle $$\psi $$
ψ
. $$W^{1,q}(\Omega ,{\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

W

1
,
q

(
Ω
,

R

N

)

regularity is also proven for minimisers of the associated relaxed functional. Our main assumptions on F(x, z) are a uniform $$\alpha $$
α
-Hölder continuity assumption in x and natural (p, q)-growth conditions in z with $$q<\frac{(n+\alpha )p}{n}$$

q
<

(
n
+
α
)
p

n

. In the autonomous case $$F\equiv F(z)$$

F
≡
F
(
z
)

we can improve the gap to $$q<\min \left( \frac{np}{n-1},p+1\right) $$

q
<
min

np

n
-
1

,
p
+
1

, a result new even in the unconstrained case.
P4 Medicine as a model for precision periodontal care
Authors: Bartold P. Mark , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
P4 Medicine is based on a proactive approach for clinical patient care incorporating the four “pillars” of prediction, prevention, personalization, and participation for patient management. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the concepts of P4 medicine can be incorporated into the management of periodontal diseases (particularly periodontitis) termed P4 periodontics.

Methods
This is a narrative review that used current literature to explore how P4 periodontics can be aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases, current periodontal treatment paradigms, and periodontal regenerative technologies.

Results
The proposed model of P4 periodontics is highly aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and represents a logical extension of this classification into treatment paradigms. Each stage of periodontitis can be related to a holistic approach to clinical management. The role of “big data” in future P4 periodontics is discussed and the concepts of a treat-to-target focus for treatment outcomes are proposed as part of personalized periodontics. Personalized regenerative and rejuvenative periodontal therapies will refocus our thinking from risk management to regenerative solutions to manage the effects of disease and aging.

Conclusions
P4 Periodontics allows us to focus not only on early prevention and intervention but also allow for personalized late-stage reversal of the disease trajectory and the use of personalized regenerative procedures to reconstruct damaged tissues and restore them to health.

Clinical Significance
P4 Periodontics is a novel means of viewing a holistic, integrative, and proactive approach to periodontal treatment.
Innovation through internationalization: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Du Jian , Zhu Shan , Li Wen Helena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we perform a systematic literature review of the diverse and somewhat fragmented current state of research on firms’ internationalization and innovation. We analyze 207 key works from 1989 through 2020 and synthesize them into an internationalization process framework that conceptually maps key internationalization-related antecedents and moderators that influence innovation behaviors and outcomes. Through an internationalization process framework, we categorize existing relevant studies into three key stages: (a) the pre-internationalization stage, (b) the internationalization entry stage, and (c) the post-internationalization stage. Furthermore, we review how firms’ various strategic decisions and operations in different stages influence their innovations by elaborating the moderating role of external country/region institutions and firm internal characteristics. Building on this review, we provide suggestions for future research to advance the developments of this domain.
The role of organic matter and microbial community controlling nitrate reduction under elevated ferrous iron concentrations in boreal lake sediments
Authors: Jäntti Helena , Jilbert Tom , Aalto Sanni L. , Simojoki Asko , Mangayil Rahul , Peura Sari , Rissanen Antti J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nitrogen availability, that affects the greenhouse gas emission and the trophic level of lakes, is controlled mainly by microbial processes. We measured in a boreal nitrate and iron rich lake how the rates of potential denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) are affected by degradability of organic matter and availability of aqueous ferrous iron. We also investigated the microbial community by using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach, which allows taxonomic analyses and detection of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) containing genes for both nitrate reduction and iron oxidation. The results show that truncated denitrification, leading to release of nitrous oxide, is favored over dinitrogen production in conditions where the degradability of the organic matter is low. DNRA rates were always minor compared to denitrification and appeared to be independent of the degradability of organic carbon. Reduced iron stimulated nitrate reducing processes, although consistently only DNRA. However, the proportion of MAGs containing DNRA genes was low suggesting chemistry driven stimulation by reduced iron. Nevertheless, the metagenomic analyses revealed unique taxa genetically capable of oxidizing iron and reducing nitrate simultaneously. Overall, the results highlight the spatial variability in microbial community and nitrous oxide emissions in boreal lake sediments.
Sinks for plant surplus carbon explain several ecological phenomena
Authors: Prescott Cindy E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlants engage in many processes and relationships that appear to be wasteful of the high-energy compounds that they produce through carbon fixation and photosynthesis. For example, living trees keep leafless tree stumps alive (i.e. respiring) and support shaded understory trees by sharing carbohydrates through root grafts or mycorrhizal fungal networks. Plants exude a diverse array of organic compounds from their roots and leaves, which support abundant rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes. Some plants release substantial amounts of sugar via extra-floral nectaries, which enrich throughfall and alter lichen communities beneath the canopy. Large amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon are transferred to root associates such as mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing micro-organisms. Plants also respire fixed C through an alternative pathway that does not generate ATP. Rates of each of these processes appear to be highest when plants are growing under mild-to-moderate deficiencies of nutrients or water. During this stage of deficiency, aboveground plant growth is curtailed more than photosynthesis, causing leaves to produce surplus carbohydrates. Each of the above phenomena provide a sink for these surplus carbohydrates, thereby preventing feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, and perpetuating the influx of C. Because these processes incur little cost to the source plant, they need not provide a benefit beyond the removal of surplus carbohydrates.
On the Mechanism of Steel Homogenization via Rare Earth Addition: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cao Yanfei , Miao Yangyang , Li Dianzhong , Chen Yun , Fu Paixian , Liu Hongwei , Kang Xiuhong , Liu Hanghang , Sun Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Macrosegregation is one of the most typical defects during solidification which greatly limits the mechanical properties of the key steel components. Oxygen and its inclusion have been considered to cause the compositional heterogeneity in solidifying steel besides the thermo-solutal convection. However, it is still not clear how to robustly reduce the oxygen and inclusion and consequently macrosegregation in widely used steels. Here, we reported the mechanism to homogenize the steel via Rare Earth (RE) addition. A series of experimental characterizations of 3-ton bearing steel ingots demonstrated that RE is able to decrease the oxygen content and inclusions to a lower level than the conventional Al-deoxidation process. The common oxide and sulfide can be modified into spherical or ellipsoidal RE2O2S with a dispersed distribution. The multi-component/multi-phase macrosegregation simulations show that the larger size and population of RE2O2S are required to trigger channel segregation in RE steel due to its higher density compared to the alumina-based inclusions. The theoretical calculation reveals that the critical oxygen content in RE steel to eliminate channel segregation is dramatically increased into 20 ppm, which indicates a lower risk of destabilization of mushy zone and initiation of channel segregation in RE steel. In addition, the global macrosegregation severity is reduced in RE steel. Such conclusion is fully validated in larger 9.5-ton and 100-ton steel ingots. In terms of the interaction between inclusion motion, fluid flow, and solidification, this study elucidates the mechanism of RE to reduce macrosegregation for the first time, and highlights an economic, common, and controllable method to fabricate homogenized steel by RE addition.
Petrochemistry and Oxygen Isotope of Karimati (L5) Chondrite, a 2009 Fall in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ray D. , Panda D.K. , Arora G. , Ghosh S. , Murty S.V.S. , Chakraborty S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Karimati, a single stone, weighing ~1 kg, fell on the mid-day of May 28, 2009, in Karimati village, Tahsil Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on textures and mineralogy, Karimati is classified as brecciated, L5 (S2), ordinary chondrite. Petrologically, the chemical group, L has been assigned based on the typical mean compositions of olivine (Fa:25.5) and low-Ca pyroxene (Fs:21.6). The bulk chemical composition also resembles L chondrite as Mg/Si ratio ~0.82. Finally, the oxygen isotopic ratios of bulk meteorite sample yielded δ17O (+3.78%o and +4.07%o) and δ18O (+4.95%o and +5.52%o), respectively further confirmed Karimati as L-chondrite. The Karimati appears to have been subjected to single fragmentation in the atmospheric flight and it is evident from similar characters of all the lateral faces except the base of the pyramid in terms of its uniform colour, homogeneous fusion crust and shallow regmaglypts. The metamorphic equilibration temperature for Karimati chondrite using two different thermometers (olivine-chromite and two pyroxene thermometry) has been estimated and ranges 655°C and 770°C, respectively with a mean value of ~710°C and corresponds to the Type 5 thermal equilibration event.