bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Soybean Insects in South Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Kitten W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the White Sands Unit of the South Mississippi Branch Station of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in Poplarville, MS. Soybean plots consisted of 7, 30 inch rows 50 ft long planted 3 Jun. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Five of the 7 rows were sprayed Sep 3 with a Hi-Boy mounted boom with 20 inch nozzle spacing, using COa as a propellant, and delivering 5 gpa total volume. The other 2 rows were unsprayed border rows. Samples consisted of 25 sweeps with a 15 inch sweep net. Net contents were transferred into paper bags, killed, and counted in the laboratory. Sample numbers of all species and the family represented include all life stages detectable from the sweep net samples. Yields were obtained by harvesting 2 rows from each plot. Plants were maturing rapidly when the 12 day sample was taken and oviposition from the 3 foliage feeding caterpillars declined after the spray application.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Trials on Soybean, 1986
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Ressler Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-six plots were established near Hebron, OH. Plots measured 22.9 m by 4 rows and were bordered by 2 buffer rows (76 cm centers). Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 replications with 9 treatments. Insecticides were applied on 6 Aug with a 4-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer. Sevin treatments were applied with Spraying Systems TX3 nozzles with a liquid output of 24.8 ml/sec at 40 psi (14.3 gal/acre), while the other treatments were applied with Spraying Systems TX6 nozzles with a liquid output of 49.6 ml/sec at 40 psi (28.5 gal/acre). Weather conditions at application were 24�C with no breeze. Soybeans were in plat growth stage R5, pods filling. Samples were taken (25 sweeps/sample) with a 38 cm dia sweep net at pretreatment and 1-, 7-, and 14-days posttreatment. Insect data were transformed prior to analysis with Vx + 0.05; means presented are pretransformed data.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Insect Control in Louisiana Soybeans, 1986
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to examine the efficacy of selected insecticides against soybean insect pests. Test 1 was applied on 8 Sep to ‘Asgrow 5980’ soybean (R6) in Avoyelles parish LA. Plots were 50 ft long by ten 30 inch rows wide. Most insecticides in Test 2 were applied on 23 Sep to ‘Centennial’ soybeans (R6) in Iberville parish LA. The 2 Dimilin treatments had been applied 40 days earlier on 14 Aug. Plots were 50 ft long by eight 36 inch rows wide. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8002 nozzles. In both tests a ‘trace’ of rain fell between application and the 2 day sampling. Both tests were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. One 25-sweep sample was taken per plot at 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment with a 15 inch dia sweepnet.
Effects of Larvin 3.2F and Pounce 3.2Ec on Corn Earworms, Green Cloverworms, and Beneficial Arthropods in a High-Cycle Test, 1986
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Moss Teresa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvin 3.2F, applied at three different rates, and Pounce 3.2EC were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling corn earworms and green cloverworms in soybeans. ‘Essex’ soybeans were no-till planted in early June after barley harvest on the F. F. Chandler, Jr. Farm in Westmoreland County, VA. A John Deere 6000 high-cycle ground rig was utilized with a 50-ft boom set at 65 psi that delivered 16 gal of finished formulation per acre. Larvin 3.2F was applied at rates of 4 oz, 6 oz, and 10 oz of formulated material per acre and Pounce 3.2EC was applied at 4 oz per acre on 23 Aug ‘86. Individual plots were 100 ft wide by the length of the field (about 5 acres). Each sprayed strip was partitioned into four replications (edge, middle, far middle, far end). Individual treatments were evaluated 1-, 3-, 7- and 14-days after application by comparing the number of insect pests and predators per 25 sweeps (using a 15-inch diameter sweep net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated checks.
Sugarcane Borer (Scb) Control, Small Plot Insecticide Test, 1986
Authors: Showier A. T. , Bessin R. T. , Fuller B. W. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of 1st stubble sugarcane (SCB susceptible commercial variety) at the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, LA, was sectioned into plots 3 rows (1.8 m centers) × 7.31 m (0.004 ha). Insecticide treatments for season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane canopy in water at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 135 liters of formulation per hectare per application. The insecticides were applied when SCB infestations exceeded the L.S.U. recommended economic threshold (5% of the stalks harboring SCB larvae in the leafsheaths) in the plots treated with Pydrin (0.14 lb (AI)/acre). Counts made just prior to the first application revealed a 10% infestation level. Dates for the 4 applications were 13 and 29 Jul, 28 Aug and 15 Sep. Plots treated with Alsystin 4F (0.05 lb (AI)/acre) on the alternating application regime were sprayed on 13 Jul and 28 Aug only. Season-long control of SCB was evaluated on 18 Oct (just prior to harvest) by examining 25 stalks randomly selected from the center row of each plot for SCB entrance and exit holes.
Sunflower Beetle Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Holen Carlyle , Stanislawski Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located near Greenbush, Roseau county, MN. Plot size was 4 rows × 35 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide application was made 10 Jul using a handheld CO2 sprayer with flat fan nozzles held approximated 18-24 inches above the crop. The application pressure was 40 psi using about 20 gal total material per acre. Live larval counts were made on 10 plants at 24 h pre and posttreatment and 120 h posttreatment.
Value of a Sticker-Extender for Sunflower Beetle Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Holen Carlyle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was located near Greenbush, MN in Roseau county. Plot size was 4-30 inch rows by 35 ft in length. Treatments were replicated 4 times and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide and insecticide plus sticker applications were broadcast applied on 12 Jul using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 psi, fan type nozzles, and approximately 20 gal total material per acre. The sticker, Bond, is a latex type sticker-extender. Larval counts were taken on 10 plants 24 h pre- and posttreat and at 120 h posttreat. The data was corrected using the Henderson-Tilton method, transformed using ARCSINE and then compared.
Single Vs Double Applications for Banded Sunflower Moth Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a growers field near Gary, Norman county, MN. Plot size was 4-30 inch rows × 30 ft long. Treatments were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first insecticide application was made 15 Aug with the plants at 30% 5.1 stage of bloom. The second application was made 21 Aug at the 5.7 stage of bloom. Applications were made using a CO2 sprayer using flat fan nozzles, 40 lb psi and applying about 20 gal total material per acre. Daytime application temperature was 70�F both days. The heads from the second and third rows were hand harvested, dried and then crushed. A sample of seeds was removed prior to cleaning and BSM infested seeds counted. The whole plot samples were then cleaned, weighed and yields recorded.
Banded Sunflower Moth Larval and Seed Weevil Adult Control in Sunflower, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was established in a growers lield near Breckenridge, MN. Individual plot size was 4-30 inch rows × 30 ft in length. Treatments were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized :�mplete block design. Insecticides were applied 8 Aug with a temperatures of 80�F and plant stage 50% 5.1. Applications were made using a hand held CO2 sprayer with flat fan nozzles, a pressure of 40 psi and using approximately 20 gal total material per acre. Heads from 20 ft of row from the center 2 rows vere harvested and dried. Heads were crushed and a precleaning sample removed. BSM & SW infested seeds were counted, and the total material then jleaned. Clean seed weights were recorded for yields.
Sitona Scissifrons Control in Sweetclover; 1986
Authors: Lester Donald G. , Morrill Wendel L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental field was second year growth in Gallatin Co., Montana. Treatments were applied on 2 Jun with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre to plots 20 ft × 20 ft. There were 4 replications of treatments assigned in a randomized complete block design.
Effects of Tank Mix Combinations of Insecticides and a Herbicide on Cutworms, Weeds, and Flue-Cured Tobacco, Ontario, Canada, 1985
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each of the 3 insecticides and a herbicide, Enide, were applied in tank-mixed combinations on tobacco seedling; after transplanting to determine their effects on cutworms, weeds, and on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Ontario. Tobacco seedlings of the variety Candel were transplanted into a field of Fox loamy sand on 28 May. Plots were 76 × 14 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design, anc consisted of 4 rows with 38 tobacco plants in each row. Furthermore, 2 subplots (12 × 12 inches each) containing 3 tobacco seedlings were established ir each plot. Ten 6th and 7th-instar larvae were introduced in each subplot 2 h before treatment and then 5 days after treatment. The larvae were retained in the subplots by aluminum barrier strips 8 inches high with 3 inches embedded in the ground to prevent the cutworm larvae from escaping. The tank mixtures of insecticides and Enide were applied in a 10-inch band over the row in each plot on 5 Jun, using a power sprayer equipped with 65-06 flat nozzles applying 11 gal of liquid per acre at 15 psi and 3.5 mph speed. Cutworm damaged plants from the 2 central rows in each plot were counted weekly after treatment for 4 weeks and the number of weeds was counted 2 weeks after treatment. Mortality counts of the larvae in the subplots were made daily for 5 days. Abbott’s formula was used to correct for the mortality occurring in the check. The harvest and curing of each plot were carried out in the conventional manner. Cured tobacco leaves were analyzed for reducing sugars and total alkaloids as measures of the quality of the tobacco. Agronomic parameters measured were yield (lb/acre) and grade index (0/lb). The percentages of larval mortality in the subplots were transformed into angular units, and square root transformation VX + 0.5 was used for the number of cutworm damaged plants before analysis of variance. Means were converted to original units of presentation in the table.
Control of Tobacco Budworms with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Stephenson A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco ‘var. K-373’ was transplanted at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC on 12 May in a field of Norfolk loamy sand. Plots 4 rows wide (45 inches on center) by 40 ft in length were arranged in a randomized complete-block design for a test containing 10 treatments and 4 blocks (Test I) and 9 treatments and 4 blocks (Test II). On 9 and 11 Jun (Test I and II, respectively) 15 uniformly sized and undamaged plants from each of the 2 left-most rows in each plot were tagged and infested with a single 2-day-old laboratory-reared tobacco budworm larva. Larvae were transfered to the plant bud via a camel’s hair brush. The right-most rows provided an untreated buffer. Treatments were applied on 10 and 12 Jun (Test I and II, respectively) through a single D2-33 full cone nozzle per row at the rate of 25 gpa and a pressure of 60 psi. Three and 10 (Test I) and 4 and 11 (Test II) days post-treatment the surviving larvae on tagged plants were counted and after 14 days damage was rated in Test I as follows: 0 = no damage, 1 = light damage (holes &lt; 1 cm), 2 = moderate damage (1 cm &lt; holes &lt; 6.4 cm), 3 = heavy damage (holes &gt; 6.4 cm and on several leaves) and 4 = topped plant. Consumption was rated in Test II as 0.1 leaves consumed on all tagged plants per plot. On 7 and 25 Jul (Test I and II, respectively) all plants in the buffer rows were cut off at 3 to 4 leaves above the ground. Suckers grew from the axils of the remaining leaves and on 23 Jul and 8 Aug all but 1 healthy sucker were removed. Due to the presence of a naturally occurring budworm population, plants containing a single early instar budworm were selected and tagged on 4 and 19 Aug (Test I and II, respectively). Variable numbers of plants were tagged in each plot. Treatments were applied on 5 and 20 Aug (Test I and II, respectively) as previously described. Three and 10 days post-treatment the number of surviving larvae were counted and the proportion of surviving calculated. Damage ratings (0 to 4 scale) were made after 14 days. Prior to ANOVA, count data were transformed to and proportions were transformed to arsin .
Green Peach Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil near Blackstone, VA, on 15 May (Experiment I) and 12 May (Experiment II). Experimental plots, 4 × 40 ft (1 row × 24 plants), were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Insecticide treatments were applied to Experiment I on 3 Jul and to Experiment II on 26 Aug. Aphid populations were estimated for 4 upper leaves on 10 plants/plot in both tests. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 3 TX12 tips delivering the spray at 29 gal/acre at 60 psi over the row. AG-98 spreader-sticker was added at 8 fl oz/100 gal to all spray treatments except for one Orthene treatment and the Azodrin treatment in Experiment I. Weather conditions were sunny on both application dates. The wind speed ranged from 5-12 mph each day and the ambient temperatures were 78-84 degrees F and 85-92 degrees F on 3 Jul and 26 Aug, respectively. Precipitation was less than 0.1 and 0.4 inch during the first and second weeks, respectively, of Experiment I. Experiment I was irrigated with 1 inch of water on 8, 16 and 23 Jul. In Experiment II there was 0.24 and 0.51 inch of precipitation 8 hr and 1 day after application, respectively. The only precipitation thereafter was 0.6 inch during the second week. Data were transformed to Log10 (counts + 1) for ANOVA and DMRT.
Early Season Control with Transplant Water Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Onks D. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark and Burley tobacco were transplanted on 22 May and 23 May respectively at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Plots were 4 rows × 741 ft for the Dark tobacco and 4 rows × 455 ft for the Burley tobacco. Plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design with 42 inch spacing between rows. Plants were spaced 18 and 36 inches within rows for Burley and Dark tobacco respectively. Orthene at .75, 1.5 and 3.0 lb (AI)/acre was applied in the transplant water solution at the time of setting. Soil type for the Dark tobacco was Dixon silt loam with 2-5% slope of pH 7.0. Soil type for the Burley tobacco was Sango silt loam, 2-5% slope of pH 6.1. Total rainfall for the growing season was 18.13 inches and 9.64 inches of that amount fell during a three week period after transplanting. All plots were sprayed with Orthene (.75 lb (AI)/acre) on 1 Jul for hornworms. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant.
Control of Vegetable Weevils with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Southern P. S. , Lampert E. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 7 May, plots 1 row wide (46 inches on center) by ca 30 ft (16 plants) were laid out along the edge of a commercial field in Pender Co., NC. Existing plants in this field had been heavily damaged by adult vegetable weevils prior to initiation of the test. New plants were hand set between existing plants (double set) for evaluation of weevil damage after treatment. Treatments were made in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 blocks. Because of the severe border effect and a damage gradient along the rows, 2 untreated checks were incorporated into the test design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer fitted with a single TG-2 nozzle per row delivering 25 gpa of finished spray at 60 psi. At the time of application (7 to 8:30 PM), soil moisture was short, skies were clear, temp was 27 C, and winds were calm. On 12 May, all double set plants were rated for weevil damage as follows: 0 = no damage, 1 = very light leaf damage, 2 = moderate leaf damage (1 leaf cut), 3 = heavy leaf damage (2+ leaves cut), and 4 = stem or bud cut or severely damaged. Prior to ANOVA, counts were transformed to arsin (sqrt(proportion of plants damaged)). Treatment means were separated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Apple, Early Season Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 6 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Plots consisted of 4 trees, one each of the cultivars York Imperial, Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Rome Beauty. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa. Spray dates corresponded to the following phenological stages (cv. Golden Delicious): Half-inch green—3 Apr; Pink—21 Apr. A regular fungicide schedule (Cyprex, Benlate, Bayleton, Manzate) was maintained throughout the season. Post-bloom insecticide sprays were applied to 1- to 2-week intervals after test treatments were completed. Effectiveness of sprays for RAA was evaluated by examining the entire tree (all cvs.) and determining the total number of infested leaves per tree. A leaf was considered infested if it contained one or more live aphids or showed visible signs of curling. Pest pressure was light.
Seedcorn Maggot Control in Wheat, 1986
Authors: Lidell M. C. , Schuster M. F. , Reid D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of 2 granular systemic insecticides for control of the seedcorn maggot and other soil insects was evaluated in ‘Bounty 301', a hard winter wheat cultivar, and ‘Coker 983', a soft winter wheat cultivar. The test was located near Rhea Mills, Collin County, TX on a Houston black clay soil. Insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting on 7 Dec, 1985. Thimet 15G and DiSyston 15G were both applied at the rate of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre. Sampling of the top soil at the time of wheat emergence indicated the seedcorn maggot to be the most prevalent insect pest species present, although some losses may have been caused by wireworms (Conoderus spp.) and white grubs (Phyllophaga spp.). The seedcorn maggot infestation was heavy and distributed throughout the field. A completely randomized design of 8 replications was used and plots were 4 ft × 20 ft. The mean number of seedlings per foot of row was determined on 25 Feb, ‘86 by counting seedlings/ft in four subsamples per plot. Plots were harvested 27 Jun.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Late Planted Winter Wheat, 1986
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Beahm Mary M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle (CLB) larval populations in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 7 May ‘86 on ‘Saluda wheat planted on 14 Nov, ‘85 on the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond County, Virginia. Plots were 6 ft by 25 ft with 5-ft alleys between treatments, and were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer at 32.8 ps; that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzles were utilized. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 1-, 5-, 7-, 12-, and 16-days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 10 culms. Yield estimates wen obtained from 20 ft of row collected from the 2 center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Phytotoxicrry on Anthurium, Hawaii, 1986
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During Feb to Sep, phototoxicity trials were conducted on plants grown in volcanic cinder under 80% polypropylene net shade. Prior to application, all abnormal symptoms were noted. Insecticides and miticides were tested at 4 × the recommended use rate and sprayed at weekly intervals for a minimum of 4 applications (dependent upon weather conditions). Sprays were applied to runoff (ca. 250 gal/ acre) using a compressed air sprayer at 40 psi equipped with a no. 8004 Teejet nozzle. Phytotoxic effects on flower, buds and leaves were evaluated weekly. Each treatment consisted of 18 plants.
Efficacy of Avid on Gypsophila for Leafminer 1986
Authors: Begley J. , Harris M. , Warkentin D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings were planted in 3 inch pots with Metro Mix 500 in the greenhouse, held under mist for 3 days and kept on regular water and feed schedules for an additional 10 days during Feb. Plants were exposed to a leafminer cage colony for 6 h and returned to the greenhouse. When small mines became evident plants were treated using a hand held mist bottle. Prior to leaf exit by mature larvae, leaves were stripped and placed in 1 pt plastic containers for pupae collection.
Fall Control of White Grubs with Labelled and Experimental Insecticides on a Golf Course, Syracuse, Ny, 1986
Authors: Villani M. G. , Wright R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were applied to a fairway at Drumlins Country Club, Syracuse, NY on 21 Aug for control of a mixed population of Japanese beetle, and European chafer grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (45%), bentgrass (10%), and broadleaf weeds (5%). Thatch was minimal (&lt;.25 in.) in all plots. The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft by 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied with 11.4 liters (3 gal) of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment time the following environmental conditions existed: air temp, 80°F; soil temp (1 inch), 78 F; (3 inch), 75 F; soil pH, 5.57; water pH, 6.78; soil moisture, 26%. Following application of insecticides, the plots were irrigated by sprinkler for 10 min. Posttreatment counts were taken 47 DAT (7 Oct) by cutting a 1 ft by 10 ft strip (2.25 inches deep) lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Three 1-ft2 samples of sod were examined in each plot and the no. of surviving grubs counted. Species identifications were made in the field. At this time, Japanese beetles were predominantly third instars, with some second ins tars; all European chafers were third instars.