bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimal control model for COVID‐19, zika, dengue, and chikungunya co‐dynamics with reinfection
Authors: Omame Andrew , Isah Mary Ele , Abbas Mujahid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe co‐circulation of different emerging viral diseases is a big challenge from an epidemiological point of view. The similarity of symptoms, cases of virus co‐infection, and cross‐reaction can mislead in the diagnosis of the disease. In this article, a new mathematical model for COVID‐19, zika, chikungunya, and dengue co‐dynamics is developed and studied to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on zika, dengue, and chikungunya dynamics and vice‐versa. The local and global stability analyses are carried out. The model is shown to undergo a backward bifurcation under a certain condition. Global sensitivity analysis is also performed on the parameters of the model to determine the most dominant parameters. If the zika‐related reproduction number is used as the response function, then important parameters are: the effective contact rate for vector‐to‐human transmission of zika (, which is positively correlated), the human natural death rate (, positively correlated), and the vector recruitment rate (, also positively correlated). In addition, using the class of individuals co‐infected with COVID‐19 and zika () as response function, the most dominant parameters are: the effective contact rate for COVID‐19 transmission (, positively correlated), the effective contact rate for vector‐to‐human transmission of zika (, positively correlated). To control the co‐circulation of all the diseases adequately under an endemic setting, time dependent controls in the form of COVID‐19, zika, dengue, and chikungunya preventions are incorporated into the model and analyzed using the Pontryagin's principle. The model is fitted to real COVID‐19, zika, dengue, and chikungunya datasets for Espirito Santo (a city with the co‐circulation of all the diseases), in Brazil and projections made for the cumulative cases of each of the diseases. Through simulations, it is shown that COVID‐19 prevention could greatly reduce the burden of co‐infections with zika, dengue, and chikungunya. The negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the control of the arbovirus diseases is also highlighted. Furthermore, it is observed that prevention controls for zika, dengue, and chikungunya can significantly reduce the burden of co‐infections with COVID‐19.
A kinetic scission model for molecular weight evolution in bioresorbable polymers
Authors: Hill Aoife , Ronan William 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFurther development of bioresorbable devices for use in clinical applications, where they can reduce long term risks, has been hindered by the complex degradation mechanisms that bioresorbable polymers exhibit and the difficulty this causes in designing suitable devices. Furthermore, experimental degradation studies often take years to complete, and small changes to the design of the test sample may significantly alter the degradation behavior. Motivated by existing degradation models, we present a kinetic scission model to predict how the molecular weight distribution evolves as a function of degradation time for bioresorbable polymers. Here, a refined kinetic model has been developed to capture the autocatalytic effect of carboxylic acid ends created via chain scissions, and our framework accounts for reduction in molecular weight via the cleavage of monomers from chain ends and from scissions in the middle of the polymer chain. These developments allow for a more complete representation of the molecular weight distribution during degradation. Young's modulus is estimated by approximating the changes in entropy for the molecular weight distributions following previous so‐called “entropy spring” models. The results obtained are quantitatively compared to and calibrated with existing experimental data for PLGA films. Finally, the effect of the initial carboxylic acid end on the degradation behavior is explored.
On‐line melt temperature measurements for polymer injection molding through an instrumented annular duct
Authors: Lin Qiao , Allanic Nadine , Mousseau Pierre , Madec Yannick , Beau Grégoire , Deterre Rémi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer processing requires reliable monitoring equipment to ensure product quality, improve energy efficiency and apply advanced control strategies. This work tests an instrumented annular duct as a nozzle on the downstream side of the screw‐barrel to analyze the thermal behavior of the polymer flow in an injection molding machine. The plasticization step is first studied, and then virtual injection molding cycles are performed. The measurements via the instrumented annular duct show that the melt temperature decreases during fast production, due to the lack of residence time in the barrel for the material to be sufficiently heated by conduction. The instrumented annular duct also enables detection of changes in melt temperature over time during a single injection. Moreover, the experiments prove the robustness of the temperature measurements in an annular geometry for process monitoring.
Technology evolution of the photovoltaic industry: Learning from history and recent progress
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Chen Daming , Altermatt Pietro P. , Zhang Shu , Wang Le , Zhang Xueling , Xu Jianmei , Feng Zhiqiang , Shen Hui , Verlinden Pierre J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the latest advances in crystalline Si cells and modules in the industry and explores the dynamics shaping the silicon PV industry. First, we report on the recent efficiency improvements of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) and tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) cells on 210 mm wafers. At Trina Solar, the best batch average cell efficiency (total area) reached 23.61% for PERC and 25.04% for industrial‐TOPCon (i‐TOPCon). As far as we know, these are the highest values achieved on 210 mm wafers. The best champion efficiency for PERC and i‐TOPCon is 24.5% and 25.42%, respectively, as independently confirmed by the National Institute of Metrology of China in Beijing and ISFH CalTech in Hamelin. We have developed modules with power outputs of up to 660 W by using 66 pieces of these 210 mm cells with 12‐busbar technology in mass production. Besides, the aperture efficiency of the best laboratory PERC module fabricated by Trina Solar is 23.03%, which was independently confirmed by TÜV Rheinland. As far as we know, this is the first commercially sized PERC module with an aperture efficiency of 23% and a power output of over 600 W. Second, we have examined the technological development in the PV industry and summarise some empirical results. A look at the historical data shows that an increase in wafer area of at least 50% is required for a wafer size to become a new industry standard that lasts for 10 years. We find that it typically took about 3 years for the average efficiency of a cell in mass production to reach the efficiency of the champion cell produced in the industrial laboratory. We apply the empirical Goetzberger equation to analyse the module efficiency of c‐Si and thin‐film technologies. Based on our previous work, we update the selling price and manufacturing cost of PV modules and their learning curves. If we restrict the module price learning curve to the years starting in 2015, we find a short‐term learning rate (LR) of about 40%, while the overall LR since 1970 is about 24%. A strong LR is driven by collaboration among industrial players and clustering of the industry, as well as standardisation of the technology, the supply chain, and final product design, which lead to fast equipment development and fast increase in capacity of supply chain. We propose an empirical law to describe the recent evolution of equipment LR, which shows that the throughput of tool increases 100% in every 3 years, so that the investment in cell production lines has decreased by 50% every 3 years since 2015. Finally, we quantify the material consumption and carbon footprint of PV plants today and for the expansion of PV to terawatt (TW) levels. Besides replacing silver fingers with copper and aluminium, saving copper cables in utilities and low‐carbon mining of materials are the most effective carbon reduction measures in the PV supply chain.
Atomic scale controlled tunnel oxide enabled by a novel industrial tube‐based PEALD technology with demonstrated commercial TOPCon cell efficiencies > 24%
Authors: Liao Baochen , Wu Weiliang , Yeo Reuben J. , Wu Xinyuan , Ma Sheng , Wang Qiang , Wan Yimao , Su Xiaodong , Shen Wenzhong , Li Xiang , Li Weimin , Xing Guoqiang , Hoex Bram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we report on a significant breakthrough in fabricating the critical tunnel oxide layer of tunnel oxide passivated contacts (TOPCon) high‐efficiency solar cells compatible with high‐volume manufacturing. We show that the tunnel oxide can be controlled at the atomic scale, enabled by an innovative tube‐type industrial plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition (PEALD) method. In combination with an in situ doped poly‐Si (n+) layer grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, a uniform, ultrathin ~1.3 nm SiOxlayer is obtained at thec‐Si/SiOx/poly‐Si (n+) interface. Extremely low recombination current densities down to 2.8 fA/cm2and an implied open‐circuit voltage (iVoc) as high as 759 mV are achieved, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art laboratory results. The developed tube‐type PEALD SiOxis applied to industrial TOPCon solar cells resulting in a solar cell efficiency and open‐circuit voltage of up to 24.2% and 710 mV, respectively. The tunnel oxide process window is about 2.4 Å, highlighting the importance of precisely controlling the tunnel oxide thickness at the atomic scale for TOPCon solar cells. The newly developed tube‐type industrial PEALD SiOxmethod opens up a promising new route toward mass production of high‐efficiency industrial TOPCon solar cells. Furthermore, the developed tube‐type PEALD method can easily be integrated with the industrial tube‐type plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, thus enabling the deposition of all thin film layers in TOPCon solar cells in one integrated PEALD/PECVD system. This significantly simplifies manufacturing complexity and fosters the commercialization of next‐generation high‐efficiency industrial TOPCon solar cells.
The natural history of patients with compensated cirrhosis and elevated hepatic venous pressure gradient
Authors: Wortham Andrew , Khalifa Ali , Rockey Don C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsPortal hypertension is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) appears to be one of the best surrogates of clinical outcomes. However, the utility of elevated HVPG in predicting subsequent clinical decompensation is unclear.MethodsWe analyzed 410 patients who underwent HVPG assessment between 2014 and 2018. Of these, we identified and analyzed 20 patients with HVPG >12 mmHg without evidence of clinical decompensation (defined as ascites, nonbleeding esophageal varices or bleeding esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, or hepatic hydrothorax). Additionally, we compared this group to 40 randomly selected cirrhotic patients with HVPG >12 mmHg with signs of clinical decompensation. Clinical events were subsequently assessed (mean = 33 months) after HVPG measurement.ResultsPatients with high HVPG without evidence of clinical decompensation had a significantly lower model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores (8 ± 4) compared to decompensated patients (13 ± 8, p = 0.05). HVPG measurements were similar in compensated (17 ± 6 mmHg) and decompensated (18 ± 4 mmHg) patients. Over follow‐up for 33 months, 8/20 compensated patients had a decompensating event and neither MELD (8 and 8, respectively) nor HVPG (17 and 18 mmHg, respectively) differentiated patients who remained compensated versus those that decompensated. Serum albumin at the time of HVPG measurement was significantly higher in patients who remained compensated than those with a decompensating event (3.5 vs. 2.6 g/dl, respectively, p = 0.05).ConclusionsA small, unique, population of cirrhotic patients with substantially elevated HVPG appear to remain free of complications over long‐term follow‐up.
Migration is not the perfect answer: How the cross‐talk error correction for multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) parameters differs on directly collected vs. legacy data
Authors: Short Christopher , Abkir Mary , Pinnell Sophie , Proctor Owain , Saunders Clare J. , Davies Jane C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, a cross‐talk error with commercial multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) software was discovered, which produced an absolute over‐reading of N2 of approximately 1%, i.e., 2% N2 read as 3%. This caused an extended tail to the washout, and over‐estimated lung clearance index (LCI2.5) values. Subsequently an updated and corrected software version has been released. Within the field there have been discussions on how to correct legacy data, whether to migrate or completely “rerun” raw data A‐files from the old software into the new corrected software. To our knowledge, no research has been published assessing whether either method is equivalent to directly collecting data in the new corrected software. We prospectively recruited 19 participants, 10 adult healthy controls and 9 people with cystic fibrosis (CF). MBWN2 was performed using the Exhalyzer® D first on the old 3.1.6 software and next, directly on corrected 3.3.1 software. Multiple breath washout (MBW) data directly collected in 3.3.1 was significantly different from both migrated and rerun data. A total of 7 of the 19 participants (37%; 4 CF) had a relative difference in LCI2.5 > 10% for both migrated and rerun data compared to 3.3.1 collected data. Our findings have implications for the Global Lung Initiative MBW project, which is accepting a combination of directly collected, A‐file reruns and migrated data to establish normative values. Further, caution must be used in clinical practice when comparing corrected legacy data versus 3.3.1 collected data for clinical interpretation. We recommend that a new baseline is collected directly on 3.3.1. before clinical interpretation and decisions are determined when comparing consecutive MBW tests.
Differential effects of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor heteromerization on cell signaling when expressed in HEK‐293 cells
Authors: Al‐Zaid Bashaier , Chacko Siby , Ezeamuzie Charles Ifeamalume , Bünemann Moritz , Krasel Cornelius , Karimian Tina , Lanzerstorfer Peter , Al‐Sabah Suleiman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe incretin hormones: glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are important regulators of many aspects of metabolism including insulin secretion. Their receptors (GIPR and GLP‐1R) are closely related members of the secretin class of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. As both receptors are expressed on pancreatic β‐cells there is at least the hypothetical possibility that they may form heteromers. In the present study, we investigated GIPR/GLP‐1R heteromerization and the impact of GIPR on GLP‐1R‐mediated signaling and vice versa in HEK‐293 cells. Real‐time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) saturation experiments confirm that GLP‐1R and GIPR form heteromers. Stimulation with 1 μM GLP‐1 caused an increase in both FRET and BRET ratio, whereas stimulation with 1 μM GIP caused a decrease. The only other ligand tested to cause a significant change in BRET signal was the GLP‐1 metabolite, GLP‐1 (9–36). GIPR expression had no significant effect on mini‐Gs recruitment to GLP‐1R but significantly inhibited GLP‐1 stimulated mini‐Gq and arrestin recruitment. In contrast, the presence of GLP‐1R improved GIP stimulated mini‐Gs and mini‐Gq recruitment to GIPR. These data support the hypothesis that GIPR and GLP‐1R form heteromers with differential consequences on cell signaling.
Temperature and metal ions regulate larval diapause termination via the 20‐hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone pathways in Monochamus alternatus
Authors: Yang Meijiao , Li Guoqiang , Yu Lu , Du Shijie , Jiang Di , Chu Xu , Wang Kai , Wu Songqing , Wang Rong , Zhang Feiping , Hu Xia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiapause allows insects to survive harsh environments, and its termination is crucial for their normal development after diapause. However, little is known about the regulatory pathways and signals involved in insect diapause termination.RESULTSWe discovered that high temperature (25 °C) influenced larval diapause termination in Monochamus alternatus. Likewise, metal ions (Ca2+) promoted diapause termination by reducing diapause duration. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate changes in gene expression and metabolism in diapause‐terminated larvae treated with high temperature (MaHt) and metal ions (MaCa). Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism contained the highest proportion of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups. 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) were closely related to diapause termination in M. alternatus. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments verified that 20E biosynthesis (CYP314a1) and degradation (CYP18a1), JH biosynthesis (FOHSDR‐1) and degradation (JHEH) genes affected the larval diapause duration significantly. In addition, dysfunction of CYP314a1 resulted in increased larval mortality (P < 0.01), reduced pupation rate and emergence rate (P < 0.05). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed that the ecdysone content decreased after dsCYP314a1 injection and JH content increased after dsJHEH injection.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that genes CYP314a1, CYP18a1, FOHSDR‐1 and JHEH mediated 20E and JH biosynthesis and degradation to regulate diapause termination in M. alternatus. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diapause termination and provided a basis for the prevention and control of M. alternatus infestation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Functional validation of CYP304A1 associated with haedoxan A detoxification in Aedes albopictus by RNAi and transgenic drosophila
Authors: Pei Yakun , Hao Huanhuan , Zuo Yayun , Xue Yuxin , Aioub Ahmed A. A. , Hu Zhaonong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play important roles in the detoxification metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Haedoxan A (HA) from Phryma leptostachya L. is a highly efficient natural pesticide used to control houseflies and mosquitos. CYP4C21 and CYP304A1 were previously demonstrated to be transcriptionally increased in Aedes albopictus in response to HA exposure, but their involvement in HA metabolism is unknown.RESULTSOur data showed that CYP304A1 expression levels in A. albopictus were highest in third‐instar larvae, and the expression level of CYP4C21 decreased significantly with the growth of instars, with the lowest occurring in the pupal stage. Compared with the control, the silencing of CYP304A1 and CYP4C21 genes by chitosan nanoparticle‐mediated RNA interference could deplete 58.2% and 54.0% of the expression of corresponding genes, respectively. The bioassay data showed that knocking down the expression of CYP304A1 increased the mortality of A. albopictus when exposed to HA at LC30 and LC50 doses, but did not significantly increase mortality after silencing CYP4C21. Our data demonstrated that CYP304A1, but not CYP4C21, may be involved in HA detoxification. Moreover, the resistance ratio of CYP304A1 overexpressing flies was approximately 2‐fold higher than that of the control line. The metabolized product of HA by CYP304A1 needs to be further confirmed by in vitro expression.CONCLUSIONThis finding showed that inducibility was not always linked to detoxifying capabilities, and enhanced our understanding of the molecular basis of HA metabolic detoxification in A. albopictus. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subaltern struggles to access public spaces: Young rural migrants in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Labbé Danielle , Turner Sarah , Pham Thi‐Thanh‐Hiên 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships between youth who are rural labor migrants and public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. A host of constraints limit the access of these young subalterns to the city's public spaces, ranging from a shortage of such spaces in areas where they live, to limited leisure time, constrained mobility, and social stigmatisation. Yet, these young men and women still manage to use and enjoy a number of public spaces in Hanoi for socialisation and recreational purposes. In analysing the practices adopted by these youth to access and use these spaces, we bring a stronger focus on socio‐spatial critiques and everyday politics to existing understandings of rural migrant experiences in Vietnamese cities. We approach the everyday socio‐spatial practices of young labour migrants in Hanoi as a complex amalgamation of both their individual subjectivities, needs, and desires, and the multiple obstacles they face to engage with urban public spaces. By unpacking these tensions, our analysis uncovers the specific importance of informal sidewalk stalls and pedestrian streets for this engagement. The multiple ways by which the youth comply with or subtly resist expected norms in these spaces uncovers their creativity in developing a range of everyday politics and spatial negotiations. Despite their subaltern position, migrant youth are able to challenge the material and socio‐normative constraints they face in Hanoi to gain a respite from their harsh working conditions and pursue their desires for distinctively urban experiences.
Model enhanced reinforcement learning to enable precision dosing: A theoretical case study with dosing of propofol
Authors: Ribba Benjamin , Bräm Dominic Stefan , Baverel Paul Gabriel , Peck Richard Wilson 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtending the potential of precision dosing requires evaluating methodologies offering more flexibility and higher degree of personalization. Reinforcement learning (RL) holds promise in its ability to integrate multidimensional data in an adaptive process built toward efficient decision making centered on sustainable value creation. For general anesthesia in intensive care units, RL is applied and automatically adjusts dosing through monitoring of patient's consciousness. We further explore the problem of optimal control of anesthesia with propofol by combining RL with state‐of‐the‐art tools used to inform dosing in drug development. In particular, we used pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling as a simulation engine to generate experience from dosing scenarios, which cannot be tested experimentally. Through simulations, we show that, when learning from retrospective trial data, more than 100 patients are needed to reach an accuracy within the range of what is achieved with a standard dosing solution. However, embedding a model of drug effect within the RL algorithm improves accuracy by reducing errors to target by 90% through learning to take dosing actions maximizing long‐term benefit. Data residual variability impacts accuracy while the algorithm efficiently coped with up to 50% interindividual variability in the PK and 25% in the PD model's parameters. We illustrate how extending the state definition of the RL agent with meaningful variables is key to achieve high accuracy of optimal dosing policy. These results suggest that RL constitutes an attractive approach for precision dosing when rich data are available or when complemented with synthetic data from model‐based tools used in model‐informed drug development.