bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Tester to Determine CBR and Bearing Pressures of Subsurface Soils in Parts of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwanya Anthony C. , Okeke O. C. 
Published: February 2022

Using dynamic cone penetrometer tester (DCPT) to determine the CBR and bearing pressure of subsurface soils in parts of Owerri, southeastern Nigeria were investigated in this study. Six (6) DCPT were measured to the depth of 6 m. The data obtained from field DCP test was plotted on the graph of penetration resistance (mm/blow) versus penetration depth (m); which revealed the soil profile of three layers with different penetration consistencies and resistances. The highest PR (mm/blow) recorded was 11.4 mm/blow and the lowest is 55.5 mm/blow. The layers encountered during the measurement ranges from loose, medium and dense soils, where the average thicknesses of loose layers ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 m, medium layers 0.5 to 3.0 m and dense layers 3.0 to 6 m. The average CBR values recorded at interval of 1m to 6 m depths are as follows: 5%, 8%, 12%, 15%, 16% and 16%. Accordingly, the averages bearing pressures calculated were 104.8 KN/m2, 165.5 KN/m2, 231.9 KN/m2, 283.3 KN/m2, 291.5 KN/m2 and 301.1 KN/m2. It shows significant increase in strength with depths.
The Response of a Prestressed Beam-type Structure subjected to Partially Distributed Load Moving at Non-Uniform Velocities
Authors: Oni Sunday Tunbosun , Ogunbamike Oluwatoyin Kehinde 
Published: February 2022

The transverse vibration of a prismatic Rayleigh beam resting on bi-parametric Vlasov foundation and continuously acted upon by partially distributed masses moving at varying velocities is investigated. For the solution of the fourth order partial differential equation with singular and variable coefficients, use is made of the technique based on the Generalized Finite Fourier Integral Transform, Struble’s asymptotic technique and the use of Fresnel sine and cosine identities. Numerical results in plotted curves are presented. The results show that the response amplitude of the beam traversed by a distributed load moving with variable velocity decrease with an increase in the value of foundation modulus, Other structural parameters such as axial force, rotatory inertia and shear modulus are also found to reduce the displacement response of the beam as their values are increased in the dynamical system. The results also show that the critical speed for the system traversed by a moving distributed force is found to be greater than that traversed by moving mass. This confirms that the inertia effect of the moving distributed load must be considered for accurate and safe assessment of the response to moving distributed load of elastic structural members.
Influence of Different Rates of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) Fertilizers on Growth and nutrient use efficiency of Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Saufe Nur Aqilah , Sulaiman Zulkefly , Adekunle Salisu Monsuru , Samad Mohd Yusoff A. , Yusoff Martini Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

The effect of N and P on nutrient concentrations, growth and vegetative traits of rubber (RRIM 2025) clone was evaluated. The treatments consisted 9 combinations of nitrogen (Urea) and phosphorus (Christmas Island Rock Phosphate – CIRP) with fixed rate of potassium (1.5 g per plant). The treatments were applied at different rates T1 (39.49 g), T2 (42.10 g), T3 (38.18 g), T4 (27.28 g) and T5 (26.10 g). The seedlings were planted in 15 cm x 30 cm filled with an Oxisol soil. Soil containing treatment (T2) significantly increased the seedlings growth like height and girth size than the remaining treatments. The results found that seedlings grown with T2 recorded higher chlorophyll content than the seedlings that were grown with T1, T4 and T5. Noticeably seedlings that was grown with T1 (39.49 g), T2 (42.10 g), and T3 (38.18 g) significantly had a higher shoot dry weight (SDW) than seedlings that were grown with T4 (27.28 g) and T5 (26.10 g). The same scenario was noticed in total dry weight (TDW) of the seedlings where T1 (68.64 g), T2 (73.30 g) and T3 (67.08) significantly recorded higher total dry weight than seedlings that were grown with T4 (50.29 g) and T5 (48.86 g). The result shows reflected a correlation between the SDW and TDW with respect to similar influence of the treatments on both the vegetative traits. Higher nitrogen content was recorded in seedlings rubber that were grown with T2 (3.57%) and significantly different from the seedlings that were grown with other treatments. The results of this study showed that higher dosage of fertilizer may not be necessary for the rubber seedlings. Application of fertilizers at the rate T2 which contains 2.0 g urea/plant and 7.5 g CIRP/plant could be considered as the optimum amount of fertilizer required for the rubber seedlings.
A Study of Mechanical Properties of Vibration Assisted Arc Welding Joint
Authors: Pavel Mahmudul Hasan , Rakib Nuruzzaman , Habib Mohammad Ahsan , Sanin Ahmed Yousuf , Salman Asif 
Published: February 2022

Welding is one of the major aspects of manufacturing as well as mechanical engineering. The strength of the metal joint depends on the type of welding used. Quality of metal joining strength can be improved with a few changes in the regular welding process. A few factors that improve metal jointing strength during the arc welding process had been studied in this paper. Research in welding process shows that Vibration can improve mechanical properties of the joining section. However, welding joint quality varies with different ranges of parameters in different conditions. To analyze those ranges of parameters in some selected conditions, a study has been performed in this paper. Some input parameters like vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, welding speed and electrode angle are selected to analyze the variation in the welded joint. For analyzing the results, output parameters –bending strength and dilution rate are calculated. It has been found that if all input parameters are kept in a selected range then output parameters –bending strength, the percentage of dilution increases than the regular case. Finally, it can be shown that Bending strength and percentage of dilution of a metal joint assisted with vibration shows the better result than without vibration.
The Nexus of Statutory Allocation to the Public Water Sector and Population Density of Nigerian States
Authors: Egwunatum Samuel Ikechukwu , Ogbeh Ambrose O. 
Published: February 2022

This paper posits that lack of maintenance, planning and bad governance including corruption led to the failure of the Nigerian public water supply system. A reconnaissance literature survey showed that virtually every city has decayed public taps and infrastructure causing most rural dwellers to trek long distances to obtain water for use with spurious quality. These are inspite of grants and interventions from international donors and credit agencies including the World Bank. Against this backdrop, an investigation was caused to examine the correspondence between financial allocation to the sector and every swelling population. Using analysis of variance for a test population of 20 states from the 36 states in Nigeria with data from National Bureau of Statistics and National Planning Commission, results showed that linearity of statutory allocation was positive with the population density of states with R2 values at < 10%. Also, financial allocations to water supply over the period (1994 – 1996) were unstable occasioned by political and economic instability in the country. Further, the study observed that the epileptic water supply gave to private participation to provide portable drinking water which was hitherto alien to developing economies. The paper recommends that state governments should adopt a responsive model that will adjust allocations to water projects
Models of Light and Properties of Light: Design and Assessment of a Simulation and Experimentation Supported Learning Environment
Authors: Voudoukis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose a way for teaching models of light to upper secondary students. Even if the subject seems to be at the heart of modern physics, it is too difficult to be taught. This triggered us to design and apply a didactical approach, the evaluation of which seems to be beneficial for the instruction of this topic. Our instruction leads to better student’s comprehension of the nature of light than traditional instruction. The didactical approach, which is a proposal for scientific to educational models transformation concerning light, was applied during the school year 2016-2017 to forty seven (47) students – Experimental Group (EG) - of Upper Secondary Education in Athens. As control group (CG), teaching with the classic way, we have fifty (50) other students. In this paper, it is presented the main research. We describe the teaching method and laboratory experiments in this computer supported attempt. Results and some general conclusions from the statistical analysis of pre, post and final tests are also cited.
Experiences of the GPU Thread Configuration and Shared Memory
Authors: Kim DaeHwan 
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, GPU processors are widely used for general-purpose parallel computation applications. In the GPU programming, thread and block configuration is one of the most important decisions to be made, which increases parallelism and hides instruction latency. However, in many cases, it is often difficult to have sufficient parallelism to hide all the latencies, where the high latencies are often caused by the global memory accesses. In order to reduce the number of those accesses, the shared memory is instead used which is much faster than the global memory being located on a chip. The performance of the proposed thread configuration is evaluated on the GPU 960 processor. The experimental result shows that the best configuration improves the performance by 7.3 times compared to the worst configuration in the experiment. The experiences are also discussed for the shared memory performance when compared to that of the global memory.
Study Effect of Silver Oxide Addition on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Marhoon Ismail Ibrahim , Rasool Dalia Adil , Dhumad Kawther Ali , Tlaiaa Younis Swadi , Abdulrehman Mohammed Ali 
Published: February 2022

This study included the preparation of specimens of epoxy reinforced by silver oxide. Some of their mechanical properties been studied such as hardness, compression strength and wear rate with volume fraction 2%,4%,6%. The results showed that the mechanical properties hardness and compressive were affected directly by the increase of the volume fraction of the reinforcement material. The samples with the highest volume fraction had the highest hardness and compressive strength. As for the wear test was conducted in the circumstances of changing the applied load 40,60,80 N were approved, respectively, results shown that the rate of wear increases with load increasing of all samples before and after the reinforcement. For the relationship of the rate of wear with the increasing of the volume fraction, the results showed that there is a decrease in the rate of wear with the increasing of the volume fraction.
Experimental Investigation and Prediction of Tribological Properties of Titanium Carbide and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminium Composites using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Zakaulla Mohamed , Tahir Anteneh Mohammed , Endro Seid , Wodaeneh Shemelis Nesibu , Belay Lulseged 
Published: February 2022

In this study, the tribological properties of TiC particle and MWCNTs reinforced aluminium (Al7475) hybrid composite synthesized by stir casting method were investigated by experimental and artificial neural network (ANN) model. Al7475 metal matrix composites was produced with different wt% of TiC and MWCNTs. The composite samples were tested at 0.42 ms- 1, 0.84 ms- 1 and 1.68 ms- 1 under three different loads (10N, 20N and 40N). The results indicated that Al7475+10%TiC+2%MWCNTs composite exhibit lower wear rate and reduced coefficient of friction in compare to other samples. TiC percent, MWCNTs percent, applied weight, sliding speed and Time were used as input values for the theoretical prediction model of the composite. coefficient of friction and Wear loss were the two outputs developed from proposed network. Back propagation neural network with 5 – 6 – 2 architecture that uses Levenberg –Marquardt training algorithm is used to predict the coefficient of friction and wear loss. After comparing experimental and ANNs predicted results it was noted that R2 was 0.992 for wear loss and 0.980 for coefficient of friction. This indicated that developed predicted model has a high state of reliability.
Effect of Oily Sludge Land Treatment on Soil Conditions
Authors: Alkhateeb Hasan Mahdi Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Land treatment is a method of handling wastes produced by the petroleum refining industry and others. This method allows the simultaneous treatment and final disposal of the waste. This study represent a fundamental filed investigation to follow the land treatment method for disposing of an oily sludge produce by Daura Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant. The sludge typically consists of (84.5-86.2)% water, (4.7-5.3)% oils, and (8.4-9.25)% sediments. It is characterized by law contents of phenol, nitrogen, and heavy metals of environmental concern. Loamy sand soil land located inside Daura Refinery was selected and divided into a1-sq. meter plots. A range of sludge application rates was applied to add the sludge to (mix with) the upper 15 cm soil layer of 18 plots, whereas 6 plots left as control plots. The applications range included three applications ratios of (fresh sludge wt, : dry soil wt.) as (1:3), (1:6), and (1:10), each of them was applied in three application intervals: weekly, monthly, and seasonally. Selection of the best application rate was made with regard to sludge degradation and land area requirements. Soil samples were tested for oil residue, heavy metals, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, pH, and aggregate stability. The results show that, monthly (1:10) application rate caused neither considerable downward oil migration in the soil nor significant accumulation of oil, heavy metals, or salts in the soil. However, it maintained neutral soil pH and improved soil aggregate stability. Oil biodegradation in the soil was encouraged by soil weakly tillage.
Shock Absorber Applications
Authors: Spiteri Shaun 
Published: February 2022

Shock Absorbers are a part of everyday life and have many different applications and uses. They are used for bridges, highways, buildings and cars to absorb the impact from the bumps, earthquakes and high winds. Different applications require different types of shocks and different materials. A rubber shock absorber cannot be used on a vehicle while a cylindrical shock absorber cannot be used on a highway. All the situations require a specific shape and type of shocks to be used for the required tasks.
Energy Audit of a Wheat Processing Plant in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Green Christian Raymond , Sodiki John I. , Nkoi Barinyima 
Published: February 2022

In this study, energy audit of a wheat processing plant in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out. A walked-through energy audit method was undertaken to identify the major sources of energy in use, identify the lapses in energy usage, identify areas to improve energy usage, determine the level of energy consumption of the various energy sources and recommending policy measures that will enhance energy savings in the industry. The analysis showed that eight defined unit operations were required for the production of wheat flour; Truck Loading, Intake or Storage, Cleaning, Tempering or Conditioning, Holding Bin, Milling, Finished Product and Packaging. The types of energy used were electrical, thermal (diesel and gas), and manual energies with proportions of 14.63%, 85.31% and 0.05% respectively of total energy input. Average energy intensity was estimated to be 1.3GJ/tonnes for the production of wheat flour for the 5 years (2011-2015) study period. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the milling process with percentage energy input of 44.39% (123837.60MJ) followed by Finished Product Storage process with percentage energy input of 36.17% (100885.92MJ). It was observed that the industry under review did not sufficiently utilize energy as the energy used ratio is below 1. This was as a result of some factors that contributed to energy waste and energy use inefficiency in the industry. Among these factors are: electric motor that dissipate much heat, use of electric motors that have been rewound more than twice and generation of electricity more than needed in the industry by some generators. The exergy analysis showed that the roller dryer accounted for the major loss in the process with an inefficiency of 44.8%. The useful work was 5.3kJ; exergy loss expended is 15.68kJ in the roller dryer. The study concluded that energy is not sufficiently utilized in the industry resulting in high energy waste and high pricing of wheat flour products.
Online P2P Internet Traffic Classification and Mitigation Based on Snort and ML
Authors: Jamil Haitham Ahmed , Ali Bushra M. , Hamdan Mosab , Osman Ahmed E. 
Published: February 2022

Peer to peer applications have modified the nature of internet traffic. It will consume high internet bandwidth and affect the performance of traditional traffic internet applications. Therefore, the management and monitoring activity of internet traffic is the important activities involved in the optimization. In order to detect and mitigate the P2P traffic, port, payload, and transport layer based methods were developed in the past. Nevertheless, the performances of these methods were not up to the expectation. Machine Learning (ML) is one of the promising methods to identify and mitigate the traffic of the Internet. However, the classification accuracy is inconsistent. The reason for the inconsistency is the relevant training datasets generation and feature selection. In this research, a technique based on signature-based and ML is proposed to develop a model for online P2P traffic detection and mitigation. The proposed work can be employed to evaluate the robustness of the online P2P machine learning classifier based on real network traffic traces containing flows labelled by SNORT tool and from special shared resources. Analysis and validation were carried out on traffic traces of University Technology Malaysia. The period of traffic was 2011 and 2013. The output of research is revealing that the proposed work has spent less computation time for classification. This method gives 99.7% accuracy which equals the classification performance attained for P2P using deep packet inspector. The findings show that classifying network traffic at the flow level can differentiate P2P over non-P2P (nP2P) with high confidence for online P2P mitigation.
Orbital Perigee Deviation under Inclination Window for Sun Synchronized Low Earth Orbits
Authors: Cakaj Shkelzen , Kamo Bexhet 
Published: February 2022

Data processing related to the Earth’s changes, gathered from different platforms and sensors implemented worldwide and monitoring the environment and structure represents Earth observation (EO). Environmental monitoring includes changes in Earth’s vegetation, atmospheric gas content, ocean state, melting level in the ice fields, etc. This process is mainly performed by satellites. The Earth observation satellites use Low Earth Orbits (LEO) for their missions. These missions are accomplished mainly based on photo imagery. Thus, the relative Sun’s position related to the observed area, it is very important for the photo imagery, in order the observed area from the satellite to be treated under the same lighting (illumination) conditions. This could be achieved by keeping a constant Sun position related to the orbital plane due to the Earth’s motion around the Sun. This is called Sun synchronization for low Earth orbits, the feature which is applied for satellites dedicated for the Earth observation. Nodal regression is the phenomenon which is utilized for low circular orbits providing to them the Sun synchronization. Nodal regression refers to the shift of the orbit’s line of nodes over time as Earth revolves around the Sun, caused due to the Earth’s oblateness. Nodal regression depends on orbital altitude and orbital inclination angle. For the in advance defined range of altitudes stems the inclination window for the satellite low Earth orbits to be Sun synchronized. For analytical and simulation purposes, the altitudes from 600km to 1200km are considered. Further for the determined inclination window of the Sun synchronization it is simulated the orbital perigee deviation for the above considered altitudes and the eventual impact on the satellite’s mission.
Power System Market Planning
Authors: Qamber Isa Salman , Al-Hamad Mohamed Y 
Published: February 2022

The loss of load expectation (LOLE) considered an acceptable security standard across most of the national electricity systems. In the present study, the LOLE is calculated. This means that the LOLE needs developing a model. The developed model serving to assesses the security of supply risks associated with the different electricity capacity margin levels, where the capacity margin is the level by which available electricity generation capacity exceeds the maximum expected level of demand. Then, the developed model updated on an annual basis. The annual update is helping to fulfill the Electricity Authority for planning, operation and control. The developed model will assess the system by calculating the capacity margin probability by combining both the generation and load models. The calculation of LOLE is an internationally accepted criterion in capacity adequacy. The results for the model of each region vary due to several factors, such as generation resource, load forecast, and forced outage rates (FOR). The estimation of the risk is economically optimal reserve margin to a number of case studies assumptions considered in the present study. The results help in future planning for the electric system operation and control. Furthermore, the study is helping to evaluate the implications of the obtained results for the electricity policy market to determine the best model for market design in the future.
System Analytical Model to Estimate and Optimize Oil Well Performance
Authors: Okologume Wilfred Chinedu , Omars-Ofugara Silver 
Published: February 2022

The use of separated flow models to specify the vertical lift performance of an oil well is usually somewhat complex- due to the many equations and correlations involved in the determination of the required variables. Consequently, coding these models in the computer presents an extent of difficulty. In this study however, with the view of developing a computer model (DOBB) to perform nodal analysis for oil wells, an efficient algorithm was established to facilitate the determination of the operating pressure and liquid flow rate of oil wells (which is the point of intersection between the VLP and IPR curve). More so, Hagedorn Brown model was incorporated into the computer model to account for liquid hold ups and various flow regimes (excluding bubble flow regime) in the tubing string. The computer model developed in this study is equipped with the ability to determine fanning friction factor of the tubing string provided that the roughness of the pipe is known. Also, when the developed computer model was tested with some ranges of data points, nodal analysis plots were obtained from the different data points. Nonetheless, DOBB (a production engineering toolkit developed in this study) was proven to be efficient on the part of performing nodal analysis for oil wells.