bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La profesión médica en la regulación del mercado terapéutico en Colombia (1895-1948)
Authors: Estrada-Orrego Victoria , García-García Víctor , Márquez-Valderrama Jorge 
Published: September 2022

este artículo muestra el proceso de regulación del mercado de medicamentos en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Este proceso se dio en un contexto de tensiones entre farmacia y medicina universitaria. La medicina estaba en vías de profesionalización y buscó subordinar los oficios relacionados con la salud, entre ellos la farmacia, y definió las reglas del mercado terapéutico. En medio de un floreciente comercio y de una incipiente industria de remedios, los farmaceutas fueron los primeros en organizarse gremialmente y en pensar la profesionalización de su oficio. El artículo sigue tres ejes analíticos: el de la normalización de la farmacia por parte de la medicina universitaria; el de la regulación del mercado de medicamentos como uno de los frentes de la higiene pública; y el de la lucha de los médicos diplomados contra los medicamentos de eficacia dudosa. El análisis muestra que la regulación de medicamentos fue parte de un impulso más amplio de medicalizar la sociedad. Los argumentos de defensa de la salud pública tuvieron un papel primordial en la regulación de los medicamentos y en la conformación de un monopolio de las artes médicas dominado por la medicina universitaria, y apoyado por el Estado.
Factores que influyen en el desempeño del sistema doble propósito bovino en el Piedemonte Araucano (Colombia)
Authors: Daza O. A. , Manrique C. 
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores que influyen en el desempeño del sistema doble propósito en el Piedemonte Araucano. Se analizaron los registros productivos de 973 vacas pertenecientes al proyecto “Desarrollo de un programa de gestión tecnológica para la innovación social y productiva de la carne y la leche en sistemas de producción bovina de la región de los Llanos de Colombia (PBA)”, liderado por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre 2016 y 2017.
En esta investigación se evaluó el potencial genético del recurso animal bovino en el sistema productivo doble propósito bovino. Se contó con la participación de 62 predios seleccionados aleatoriamente en los municipios del Piedemonte Araucano (Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena y Tame), se realizaron mediciones de la producción de leche y el peso del ternero desteto que genera este sistema productivo. Se encontró que la característica producción de leche por lactancia (PLL) es mayor o menor de acuerdo con el número de partos, así como también varia significativamente según el municipio, el grupo racial y la duración de la lactancia; en cuanto al peso al destete (PD), se encontró que la duración de la lactancia influye significativamente en este resultado, así como el municipio y el grupo racial, sin embargo, factores como el sexo no arrojaron diferencias significativas para esta variable. Además, se generaron los parámetros genéticos de heredabilidad (h2) y correlaciones genéticas para cada raza establecida en el sistema de producción doble propósito, para estas características productivas mencionadas, en el departamento de Arauca.
The first surviving ‘schoolbook’ of Hungarian music education: The Szalkai Codex
Authors: Kelemen Judit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the most outstanding cultural events of the year 2019 is the facsimile edition of the Hungarian Szalkai Codex, thanks for which are due to cooperation between the Library of the Primate of Esztergom and the Collection of the Roman Catholic Church at Sárospatak. This outstanding cultural asset, written at Sárospatak (called Patak at that time) and guarded at Esztergom, serves as a curiosity not only for researchers interested in palaeography but also for specialists working in different fields of the history of education. This codex is not only the oldest, but at the same time the only surviving Hungarian schoolbook from the Middle Ages. With its help we may reconstruct some of the ways in which town (parish) schools operated under the reign of King Matthias. The present study focuses on medieval music education.
Japanese Native Speakers’ Perception on Learners’ Pronunciation of Double Consonant Sounds in Japanese Adverbs (Fukushi)
Authors: Husna Lailatul , Febriyanti Rike 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of Japanese native speakers on the pronunciation of the double consonant「促音」 (sokuon) in Japanese adverbs or 「副詞」 (fukushi) namely「ゆっくり 」 (yukkuri),「ずっと」(zutto), and「やっと」(yatto) by ten Japanese language students in a state university in East Java, Indonesia. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approach with conducting assessments of students’ pronunciation of Japanese adverbs (fukushi) by three Japanese Native Speakers (JNS). The results showed that eleven data were pronounced perfectly and naturally, sixteen data were pronounced naturally, four data were pronounced a little naturally, and one data was pronounced a little unnaturally and unnaturally. However, there were seven data misunderstood by the JNS. The results also show that differences in JNS perception of the respondent’s pronunciation have an impact on the assessment, and the double consonants also affect the duration of pronunciations which affects the assessment from JNS. In addition, the Japanese language students participated in this study were all considered able to pronounce the three「副詞」(fukushi) or Japanese adverbs correctly according to JNS.
A Comparative Study of Topic Selection Schema in The First-time Conversation Between Japanese and Sundanese Native Speakers
Authors: Sasmita Regi Wijaya 
Published: September 2022

First-time conversations play an important role as a starting point in building relationships. However, the lack of information about interlocutors makes it difficult to decide what topic to take up. In this study, we targeted 10 pairs of native Japanese speakers and Sundanese native speakers, clarified what topics would be selected in the first-time conversation by university students, and examined similarities and differences between both native speakers. As a result, in the conversation data of the Japanese pairs, 20 topics out of 83 topics were recognized as “topic items”, and depending on the relationship between the topic items, they were then can be classified into eight categories, namely “affiliation”, “origin”, “university life”, “hobbies/enjoyment”, “living”, “commonalities”, “specialty”, and “society”. On the other hand, in the conversation data of the Sundanese pairs, 16 topics out of 95 topics were recognized as “topic items”, and they can be classified into seven categories, namely “university life”, “affiliation”, “residential”, “origin”, “commonalities”, “specialty”, and “society”. The overall picture of the classified categories and the topic items corresponding to the subclasses is the “topic selection list”, and the set of culturally shared knowledge about this “list” is the “first-time conversation topic selection schema”. The results of this study can be applied as a reference for topic selection in the first conversations with Japanese native speakers or Sundanese native speakers, especially between university students. The results also can be used as a repository of scientific knowledge in related fields such as sociolinguistic studies on conversational analysis, and as a reference on Japanese language education studies in general.
Structure, Usage, and Meaning of Japanese Conditional Sentences “to”, “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Japanese Spoken Language: A Study Case of Dr. Stone Animation
Authors: Gusti Meliana Setya , Artadi Ari , Setiawan Hari 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the structure, usage, and meaning of Japanese conditional sentences (jouken hyougen) with the patterns of “to”, “tara”, “ba”, “nara” in the Japanese spoken language. By using qualitative methods, this study is collecting conversational data taken from Japanese Animation Dr. Stone. The data in the form of sentences were analyzed based on their structure, usage, and meaning. The results of this study found that Japanese conditional sentences with the patterns of “to”, “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation have a structure that tends to be attached to verb and noun predicates. In the spoken languages in Japanese Animation Dr. Stone, there were also found that some conditional sentences have different structures and change of predicate structure other than the usual structure mentioned in Japanese textbooks. Further, the conditional sentence “to” in Dr. Stone’s animation tends to be used to express general conditions or knowledge known by speakers, speech partners, and the general public. On the other hand, the conditional sentences “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation tends to be used to express conditions that may occur or the conditions that are assumed will occur by the speaker. Regarding the meaning of the conditional sentence “to” in Dr. Stone’s animation, “to” has the meaning of naturally occurring phenomena such as chemical reactions and physics, while the conditional sentences “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation have the meaning of conjecture or assumption, awareness or perception, and suggestion.
Realidad del cuidador universitario de un familiar dependiente
Authors: López Heddy 
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del artículo es identificar las características socioeconómicas del estudiante universitario cuidador de un familiar con dependencia. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa exploratoria transversal, aplicándose un instrumento que midió dimensiones sociodemográficas, rol y consecuencias del cuidado. Se contó con el consentimiento informado, confidencialidad y participación voluntaria de 30 estudiantes. Los resultados evidenciaron que 83,3% son mujeres, que cuidan a padres, en estratos 2 y 3, con ingresos entre un salario mínimo y menos. Han dedicado entre 2 y 6 años y más de 8 horas al cuidado del familiar. Se presenta afectación en su desarrollo académico, depresión y estrés. Se demuestra perfil de vulnerabilidad con factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos que se constituyen en un perfil de riesgo de abandono. Se requiere trascender a otras esferas, comúnmente privilegiadas para la salud, generando un rol activo en estudiantes y un acompañamiento profesional culturalmente competente.
The latest news for May 2022 all you need to know on monkeypox
Authors: Makkar Dheeraj 
Published: September 2022

Monkeypox virus was named so because of its detection in monkeys in 1958. It belongs to the same family as smallpox and chickenpox viruses. There had been numerous outbreaks of this malady initially in the African continent and other parts of the world. The simultaneous spread in nineteen countries in 2022 has raised some serious concerns.Monkeypox is no more a rare disease and has the potential for bioweapon use. We discuss the various ways to prevent its spread, treatment options available, diagnosis, and differentiation from other closely related diseases. We also discuss if the present outbreak could be a bioattack or if this disease is here to stay.The literature suggests that we can effectively manage Monkeypox because of the availability of drugs and vaccination against smallpox. There is also a need for active surveillance against the new resistant recombinant viral strains. The possibility of this outbreak being a bioattack seems remote, although there are questions about the transmission which still need to be answered.
Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore
Authors: Narayanaswamy Girish , Kothapalli Mahesh Babu , Rani Leela , Maheshwar Uma , Babu Ravi , Paruchuri Sanjay , Karpuranath Shashidhar , Mishra Rama , Alapaty Shailaja 
Published: September 2022

Prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) is central to providing safe and high quality healthcare. Transmission of infection between patients by health workers, and the irrational use of antibiotics have been identiﬁed as preventable aetiological factors for HAIs. Few studies have addressed this in developing countries.To assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted infection control and antibiotic stewardship programme on HAIs and antibiotic use. A retrospective study was conducted for a study period of 11months (June 2021-April 2022) in Vydehi Hospital, Bangalore. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit and wards were included in the study. Intervention period was 6 months (June 2021-Nov 2021) and post-intervention period was 5 months (Dec 2021- April 2022). Assessment of HAIs was made based on the criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The multifaceted intervention consisted of hand hygiene campaign, isolation of multidrug resistance organism’s patients, water and air quality analysis, training of health care workers in infection control practices, and antibiotic stewardship. Data was collected using an identical method in the intervention and post intervention periods.We observed a major reduction in HAIs, from 89% (198/222 patients) in the intervention period to 10.8% (24/222 patients) in the post intervention period (relative risk (RR) (95% CI) 0.48 (0.31 to 0.56). Antibiotic use in ICUs declined from 58% (780/1347) to 44% (442/995) (RR 0.44 (0.40 to 0.55). Overall, hand hygiene compliance among the health- care workers was maintained at 100% during both the periods. Multifaceted infection control interventions are effective in reducing HAI rates, improving the rational use of antibiotics, increasing hand hygiene compliance, and may reduce mortality in hospitalised patients in developing countries.
Carriage of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from contact surfaces in food vending outlets within Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Nfongeh Joseph Fuh , Dalhat Nafisat Tijjani , Kabido Hulera Usman , Hadi Naja'atu Shehu , Akharenegbe Pedro 
Published: September 2022

Contamination of food contact surfaces by increases the risk of food-borne diseases through cross-contamination which becomes more complicated with the development of multidrug resistance by the pathogen. This study was aimed at investigating multidrug resistance and carriage of carbapenemase genes among isolates from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. : A total of 924 swab samples (522 from Lafia and 402 from Nasarawa Eggon) were collected from various food contact surfaces in food vending outlets and screened for multidrug resistance and carbapenemase genes in isolates using standard culture, modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed and p-value set at 0.05 confidence level. Highest overall contamination prevalence of 43.33 % was obtained from hawkers’ outlets while table top surfaces had 35.43% with highest risk (odd ratio) of 1.94. Eateries and Hotels had no contamination. The prevalence values were significantly different (p&#60;0.05) among the food contact surfaces, vending outlets and the two communities. Isolates from street vendors obtained highest resistance to OFX, REF, STR, CEP, NAL, SEP, AMP antibiotics group with MDRI of 0.7. The bla, bla and bla carbapenemase genes were harbored by representative isolates. The presence of multidrug resistant with carbapenemase genes from food contact surfaces in vending outlets serves as a public health challenge and the need for personal hygiene and strict adherence to antibiotics protocols by food vendors is highly encouraged.
Study of antibiotic resistance pattern in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A six year analysis
Authors: Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Anjan Nayan , Rao S Vidya , Binub Kanniyan , Edavaloth Preethy 
Published: September 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the common pathogen worldwide. It requires prolonged therapy to eradicate MRSA from a patient. This study was undertaken to determine the changing trend of antimicrobial resistance in MRSA over six years in a tertiary care center. : This was a retrospective observational study done at the tertiary care teaching hospital. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the MRSA isolated from various clinical samples from January 2013–December 2018 was studied. The data collected was entered in the Microsoft excel 2007, coded and were analyzed by frequency and percentage. During the study period from January 2013 to December 2018, 1006 (27.42%) patients had MRSA out of 3668 patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Almost equal gender distribution was observed with males (52.78%), geriatric patients, i.e., ≥61 years constituted for around 32% infected patients. The samples that were received during this period included pus (64.59%), blood (26.23%), urine (5.53%) and sputum (3.65%). Other anti-MRSA drugs had changing resistance rate on year to year basis. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity and rationalizing the use of antibiotics remain an important and effective strategy to minimize the emergence of multi-drug resistant MRSA strains.
Application of Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network to Model and Forecast Time Series Global Price of Bananas
Authors: Chi Yeong Nain , Chi Orson 
Published: September 2022

The primary purpose of this study was to apply the nonlinear autoregressive neural network to model the long-term records of monthly global price of bananas from January 1990 to November 2020. The development of the optimal architecture for the nonlinear autoregressive neural network requires determination of time delays, the number of hidden neurons, and an efficient training algorithm. Through training of the nonlinear autoregressive neural network models, the prediction performance of the models was evaluated by its mean squared error value, the average squared difference between the observed and predicted values. In this study, the empirical results revealed that the NAR-BR model with 13 neurons in the hidden layer and 6 time delays provided the best performance at its smaller mean squared error value and yielded higher accuracy than the NAR-LM model with 12 neurons in the hidden layer and 4 time delays and NAR-SCG model with 12 neurons in the hidden layer and 6 time delays. Understanding past global price of bananas is important for the analyses of current and future global price of bananas changes. In order to sustain these observations, research programs utilizing the resulting data should be able to improve our understanding and narrow projections of future global price of bananas significantly.
Machine Vision and Metrology Systems: An Overview
Authors: Moru Desmond K. , Agholor Darlington , Imouokhome Francis A. 
Published: September 2022

Metrology and machine vision are two fields that have been considered together frequently due to the versatility of artificial vision to solve industrial inspection problems. Metrology is one of the many applications of machine vision, which has the advantage that allows for the inspection of a total production batch that leaves an assembly line without creating a bottleneck in production. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current advancement in machine vision and metrology systems. The paper exposes a wide range of machine vision software aimed at the inspection of application processes, systematically highlighting the relationship between machine vision and metrology systems. Some applications of machine vision and metrology for quality control inspections are also highlighted.
The Performance of Artificial Neural Network Using Heterogeneous Transfer Functions
Authors: Ogundunmade Tayo P. , Adepoju Adedayo A. 
Published: September 2022

Neural networks have been very important models across computer vision, natural language processing, speech and image recognition, aircraft safety and many more. It uses a variety of architectures that centres on the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which is the most commonly used type of Artificial Neural Network. MLP has been found to be good in terms of model precision in the usage of Homogenous Transfer/activation Functions (HTFs), especially with large data set. Based on the preliminary investigations of ranking of transfer functions by error variance (Udomboso, 2014), three HTFs are considered to perform better than other HTFs in prediction. These HTFs are the Hyperbolic Tangent Transfer functions (TANH), Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid Transfer function (TANSIG) and the Symmetric Saturating Linear Transfer Function (SSLTF). In this work, the performance of two Heterogeneous Transfer Functions (HETFs), which came as a result of the convolution of the three best HTFs, were compared with the performance of the three above listed HTFs. The hidden neurons used are 2, 5 and 10, while the sample sizes include 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000. The data were divided into training sets of 90, 80 and 70 respectively.
The results showed that the HETFs performed better in terms of the forecast using Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Test Error as the forecast prediction criteria.
Penggunaan Metode Sistematik Literatur Review dalam Penelitian Ilmu Sosiologi
Authors: Andriani Windy 
Published: September 2022

Di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat sangat memiliki kaitan dengan ilmu sosiologi, yang mana ilmu sosiologi ini sendiri mengkaji tentang manusia sebagai makhluk sosial, dan juga sangat mempengaruhi pelaksanaan kehidupan masyarakat dalam lingkupnya, pada penerapannya secara nyata ilmu sosiologi ini memberikan suatu pengertian yang seirama dengan fenomena sosial yang aktual terjadi pada masyarakat, agar setiap pribadi menjadi peran sebagai anggota masyarakat yang baik dan dapat mengimbangi dengan adanya fenomena-fenomena sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat pada masa sekarang, ilmu sosiologi di sini memiliki peran dalam memberikan petunjuk maupun pemahaman mengenai tata cara berkehidupan yang baik dan cara bersosial yang dapat diterima dalam lingkup masyarakat itu sendiri. Kaitannya ilmu sosiologi dengan penggunaan metode penelitian systematic literature review atau SLR diharapkan Metode SLR ini dapat menggali lebih dalam dan tepat sasaran sehingga dapat mengamati, mengkaji, menilai serta mengartikan, penelitian yang ada dan tentunya Menarik untuk dibahas terutama pembahasannya di sini adalah mengenai ilmu sosiologi, Serta pembahasan sosiologi ini sangat dinamis karena terjadinya perubahan didalam masyarakat dari waktu ke waktu dan fenomena sosial selalu terus berubah di dalam masyarakat, dalam metode SLR ini sangatlah baik untuk dapat diterapkan dalam penelitian, kaitannya dalam ilmu sosiologi, pada metode SLR ini dapat dilakukan review atau menelaah suatu jurnal, artikel, buku, atau jenis dokumen lain secara runtut dan setiap langkahnya mengikuti tata cara atau aturan yang telah ditentukan. Sehingga dalam hasil akhir penelitian dapat menunjukkan hasil yang tepat tanpa di rekayasa dan lebih kompatibel.
A recepção de Baudelaire no Brasil
Authors: Abes Gilles Jean 
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho revisita a questão da recepção de Charles Baudelaire no Brasil. Não perdendo de vista a centralidade da tradução na recepção da poesia do autor, a partir da década de 70 do século XIX, conforme apontam Amaral, Meirelles ou ainda Candido, procuro indicar uma recepção anterior, com leitura direta em francês. Ao pesquisar os jornais impressos (em francês e português) no Brasil e as revistas francesas vendidas no país, a exemplo da Revue des Deux Mondes, nota-se a presença do poeta bem antes da década de 1870. Portanto, o acontecimento da recepção de Baudelaire não se limita às primeiras traduções, mas deita certamente suas raízes já em 1855, ano crucial para sua recepção, segundo André Guyaux. No contexto específico brasileiro, a circulação transnacional de bens culturais e a influência da cultura francesa têm papel fundamental na presença do nome de Baudelaire, cujos vestígios aparecem não somente em referências a suas obras, como também a sua fortuna crítica.