bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficacy of control strategies for infectious disease outbreaks using field and simulation studies
Authors: Chaulagain Bhim , Contina Jean Bertrand , Mills Karasi , Seibel Rachel L. , Mundt Christopher C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiseases characterized by long distance inoculum dispersal (LDD) are among the fastest spreading epidemics in both natural and managed landscapes. Management of such epidemics is extremely challenging because of asymptomatic infection extending at large spatial scales and frequent escape from the newly established disease sources. We compared the efficacy of area‐ and timing‐based disease management strategies in artificially initiated field epidemics of wheat stripe rust and complemented with simulations from an updated version of the spatially explicit model EPIMUL, using model parameters relevant to field epidemics. The model was further used to expand the number of epidemic mitigations beyond that feasible to incorporate in the field. The field experiment was conducted for 2 years in two locations having different climatic conditions. Culling and protection treatments were applied at different times after epidemic initiation and to different spatial extents surrounding the outbreaks. In each experiment, treatments were replicated four times in plots 33.5 m long and 1.52 m wide with a 0.76 × 0.76 m inoculated focus centered within each plot. Disease gradients were assessed along the center lines of the plots at 1.52 m intervals both upwind and downwind from the focus. Both field and simulation results indicated that control measures applied over the entire population were highly effective in suppressing the epidemics by more than 99% but may not always be logistically and economically feasible at large spatial scales. Comparison between the variable sized treatment areas and application timings suggested that implementing contiguous premises (CP) cull at 1 day after first sporulation in the outbreak focus reduced rust by 52% and 60% in Corvallis and Madras, respectively. However, altering the cull size did not significantly affect the disease epidemic development, which suggested that early timing had a greater influence in suppressing the epidemics than did increased area of application. However, sufficiently large, treated areas may compensate for a delay in application timing to some extent. Results from these replicated treatments may help to devise appropriate management strategies for other LDD pathogens.
No evidence that relatedness or familiarity modulates male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies from a wild population
Authors: Marquez‐Rosado Ana , Garcia‐Co Clara , Londoño‐Nieto Claudia , Carazo Pau 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSexual selection frequently promotes the evolution of aggressive behaviors that help males compete against their rivals, but which may harm females and hamper their fitness. Kin selection theory predicts that optimal male–male competition levels can be reduced when competitors are more genetically related to each other than to the population average, contributing to resolve this sexual conflict. Work in Drosophila melanogaster has spearheaded empirical tests of this idea, but studies so far have been conducted in laboratory‐adapted populations in homogeneous rearing environments that may hamper kin recognition, and used highly skewed sex ratios that may fail to reflect average natural conditions. Here, we performed a fully factorial design with the aim of exploring how rearing environment (i.e., familiarity) and relatedness affect male–male aggression, male harassment, and overall male harm levels in flies from a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster, under more natural conditions. Namely, we (a) manipulated relatedness and familiarity so that larvae reared apart were raised in different environments, as is common in the wild, and (b) studied the effects of relatedness and familiarity under average levels of male–male competition in the field. We show that, contrary to previous findings, groups of unrelated‐unfamiliar males were as likely to fight with each other and harass females than related‐familiar males and that overall levels of male harm to females were similar across treatments. Our results suggest that the role of kin selection in modulating sexual conflict is yet unclear in Drosophila melanogaster, and call for further studies that focus on natural populations and realistic socio‐sexual and ecological environments.
Clustering community science data to infer songbird migratory connectivity in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Vincent Jaimie G. , Schuster Richard , Wilson Scott , Fink Daniel , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMigratory connectivity describes the spatial linkage among migrating individuals through time. Accounting for it is necessary for full annual cycle conservation planning, to avoid uneven protection leading to overall population declines. However, conventional methods used to study migratory connectivity usually demand substantial fiscal and human resources. We present a methodology that infers patterns of migratory connectivity for songbirds using relative abundance models created from eBird, a global community science program. We compare our inferences with previously described patterns of migratory connectivity for two species assumed to exhibit broadscale parallel migration strategies: wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla). Initial findings suggest that our method has the potential to be a rapid and inexpensive way to infer broad patterns of connectivity for species that do not engage in leapfrog migration nor deviate much from parallel migration. Our flexible framework can be used to guide sampling designs for studies of migratory connectivity and to generate hypotheses for species in need of urgent conservation planning for which migratory connectivity has not yet been established.
Experimental evaluation of CV‐Voronoi based adaptive sampling for Kriging meta‐modeling of multiple responses through real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Yu Guangquan , Chen Cheng , Hou Hetao , Chen Menghui , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReal‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) integrates numerical modeling of analytical substructures with physical testing of experimental sub‐structures thus enabling system global responses to be efficiently evaluated through component testing in size‐limited laboratories. Traditional practice of RTHS focuses on responses evaluation of structures without considering their uncertainties. A cross‐validation (CV)‐Voronoi based adaptive sampling strategy is explored in this study for global meta‐modeling of multiple response quantities of interests through RTHS for engineering systems with uncertainties. Based on the Kriging meta‐model from initial samples, the CV‐Voronoi based adaptive sampling sequentially identifies the sample points for RTHS tests in laboratory and observed responses of interests are used to update the Kriging meta‐model. Multiple response distributions under structural uncertainties are thus acquired through limited number of experiments. RTHS tests of a two‐degree‐of‐freedom system with self‐centering viscous dampers (SC‐VDs) are conducted in this study to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the CV‐Voronoi based adaptive sampling for multiple response estimation. The accuracy of multi‐response meta‐models are further evaluated through comparison with validation tests. A stopping criterion is finally proposed for more efficient implementation of the adaptive sampling strategy. It is demonstrated that the CV‐Voronoi based adaptive sampling strategy provides a viable technique to enable accurate global meta‐modeling and estimation for multiple responses with limited number of RTHS tests in laboratory.
IHAR—A fog‐driven interpretable human activity recognition system
Authors: G Jeyashree , S Padmavathi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) is an active research area that is currently being applied to various healthcare applications such as fall detection, assisted living, etc. These applications make use of the Internet of Things which is widespread across today's world. One of the major challenges in these applications is the need for quick intelligent decisions. The deployment of hierarchical edge‐fog‐cloud computing architecture is the potential solution to address the latency issue. In this article, we proposed an interpretable human activity recognition (IHAR) framework that supports HAR, leveraging the advantages of the fog layer. The proposed framework used a deep learning (DL) model at the cloud infrastructure to classify the activities of humans. The trained DL model is made to run on local fog nodes. However, the DL model being black‐box does not provide any explanations for the output to make them acceptable by the users and physicians. Hence, this article also incorporated an explainable artificial intelligence model at the fog layer, to gain insights into the classified output of the DL model. The effective model‐level insights emphasized the need for explainable HAR. The article also included an analysis of the results of the existing explainable AI models such as LIME and SHAP to understand which model leads to better performance in the domain of HAR. Results show that the SHAP model has a 33% higher success rate in generating explanations when compared to the LIME model.
The microbial communities in Zaopeis, free amino acids in raw liquor, and their correlations for Wuliangye‐flavor raw liquor production
Authors: Jiang Bin , Wu Li , Wang Qi , Yang Liran , Zheng Jia , Zhou Shulai , He Cuirong , Jiao Wenwen , Xu Bin , Liu Kunyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWuliangye‐flavor liquor (WLFL), a specific Chinese traditional liquor, one of the major type of global distilled spirits, offers a unique flavor system acquired across thousands of years of development. Free amino acids (FAAs), as major health factors, are considered to be primarily derive from the hydrolysis of protein from the Zaopeis (ZPs) by microbial populations during fermentation. Here, we investigated the changes of microbial communities in ZPs and FAAs in raw liquor (RL) directly related ZPs from different ages of WLFL fermentation pits by phospholipid fatty acid fingerprint (PLFA) and high performance liquid chromatography method. Results indicated that the total PLFAs of 20‐ and 50‐year ZPs were significantly higher (p < .05) than 1‐ and 5‐year ZPs. Gram‐positive bacteria (G+), anaerobic bacteria, and fungi were dominant in the ZPs. Furthermore, the total of FAAs content was highly increased (p < .05) in RLs of aged fermentation pit (20‐ and 50‐year, 24.86–30.23 mg/g, 28.73–37.15 mg/g) compared with young (1‐ and 5‐year, 20.97–26.46 mg/g, 17.83–28.70 mg/g), while, the different ages of RLs could be distinguished according to 9 biomarkers of FAAs (Variable importance in projection, VIP >1; p < .05), including tyrosine, aspartic acid, leucine, glutamic acid, citrulline, alanine, proline, glycine, and valine. Particularly, the biomarkers of FAAs were positively correlated with gram‐negative bacteria (G−) and fungi, but negatively correlated with G+. This is the first report to uncover the microbial communities in zaopeis, free amino acids in RL, and their correlations for Wuliangye‐flavor raw liquor production.
Dufour and Soret influence on MHD boundary layer flow of a Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet with nanoparticles
Authors: Venkatesh Nuka , Kumar Mella Anil , Srinivasa Raju Rallabandi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn analysis has been carried out to examine the heat and mass transfer properties of a two‐dimensional incompressible electrically conducting Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet in the existence of Soret, Dufour, and nanoparticles. In many practical scenarios, such as the polymer extrusion process, the problem presented here is crucial. The flow is examined in terms of the impacts of magnetohydrodynamics and elasticity. Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated into the transport equations. Using adequate similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations and related boundary conditions are non‐dimensionalized. The fourth–fifth‐order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is utilized to solve the consequent transformed ordinary differential equations. The effects of various embedded thermo‐physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been determined and discussed quantitatively. A comparison of a special case of our results with the one previously reported in the literature shows a very good agreement. An increase in the values of Du and Sr leads to an increase in the temperature and concentration distribution. Nusselt number estimates decrease as Nb estimations increase. Furthermore, this study leads to the study of different flows of electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet problem that includes the two‐dimensional nonlinear boundary equations.
Adolescents' expectancy–value profiles in school context: The impact of self‐directed learning intervals
Authors: Schweder Sabine , Raufelder Diana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionUsing the situated expectancy–value theory, it becomes possible to explain motivational functioning across alternating learning conditions not only at a particular moment but also over time. The situated expectancy–value theory provides evidence for the critical role of context. The present research examines how adolescents' success expectancies, task values, and effort develop when the conditions of the academic environment change. It also evaluates whether adolescents adopt more adaptive expectancy–value profiles in response to the need‐based nature of self‐directed learning as an extension of regular instruction. Within the self‐directed learning approach under investigation, adolescents take responsibility for their own learning processes.MethodsThe present research offers insights into the expectancy–value profiles of 754 German adolescents (Mage = 13.56; SD = 1.2; 49.4% female). A four‐wave study was used to examine perceptions of self‐efficacy, intrinsic value, utility value, and effort. Latent profile analyses and latent transition analyses were employed.ResultsNotably, the results provide evidence that expanding instruction via self‐directed learning intervals that occur for 1 week per semester contributes to more favorable expectancy–value profiles within a student's favorite subject. A mixed profile (highly confident, hardly interested) disappeared. Instead, success expectations aligned more closely with adolescents' task values and effort. All profiles settled at a higher level.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that instruction that is expanded via self‐directed learning intervals has positive consequences for motivational profiles over time. An initial self‐directed learning episode led to a shift to more interested profile groups. The continuation of a positive trend even after a self‐directed learning interval indicates that adolescents are able to continually adapt their learning to their needs during teacher‐directed instruction. This study provides clues about how to design curricula in a way that counteracts the downward trend in students' motivation to learn.
Role of cobalt precursors in the synthesis of Co3O4 hierarchical nanostructures toward the development of cobalt‐based functional electrocatalysts for bifunctional water splitting in alkaline and acidic media
Authors: Tahira Aneela , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Montecchi Monica , Pasquali Luca , Tonezzer Matteo , Nafady Ayman , Khalil Huda F. , Mazzaro Raffaello , Morandi Vittorio , Vagin Mikhail , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe precursors have significant influence on the catalytic activity of nonprecious electrocatalysts for effective water splitting. Herein, we report active electrocatalysts based on cobalt oxide (Co3O4) hierarchical nanostructures derived from four different precursors of cobalt (acetate, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate salts) using the low‐temperature aqueous chemical growth method. It has been found that the effect of precursor on the morphology of nanostructured material depends on the synthetic method. The Co3O4 nanostructures exhibited cubic phase derived from these four precursors. The Co3O4 nanostructures obtained from chloride precursor have demonstrated improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compared to other precursors due relatively higher content of Co3O4 nanostructures at the surface of material. An overpotential of 400 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm−2 was observed for HER. The Co3O4 nanostructures derived from the chloride precursor have shown favorable reaction kinetics via 34 mV dec−1 value of the Tafel slope for HER reaction. The Co3O4 nanostructures derived from chloride precursor have also shown an excellent HER durability for 15 hr in alkaline media. Furthermore, the OER functional characterization was carried out onto Co3O4 nanostructures derived from chloride precursor exhibited 220 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1. Importantly, the reason behind the favorable catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanostructures derived from chloride precursor was linked to one order of magnitude smaller charge transfer resistance and higher amount of Co3O4 content at the surface of nanostructures than the Co3O4 nanostructures derived from other precursors. The performance of Co3O4 nanostructures derived from chloride precursor via the wet chemical method suggests that cobalt chloride precursor could be of great interest for the development of efficient, stable, nonprecious, and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts for the chemical energy conversion and storage devices.
Construction of a prognostic risk assessment model for lung adenocarcinoma based on Integrin β family‐related genes
Authors: Wu Yuanlin , Fu Linhai , Wang Bin , Li Zhupeng , Wei Desheng , Wang Haiyong , Zhang Chu , Ma Zhifeng , Zhu Ting , Yu Guangmao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntegrin β (ITGB) superfamily plays an essential role in the intercellular connection and signal transmission. It was exhibited that overexpressing of ITGB family members promotes the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but the relationship between ITGB superfamily and the LUAD prognosis remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, the samples were assigned to different subgroups utilizing non‐negative matrix factorization clustering according to the expression of ITGB family members in LUAD. Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) survival analysis revealed the significant differences in the prognosis between different ITGB subgroups. Subsequently, we screened differentially expressed genes among different subgroups and conducted univariate Cox analysis, random forest feature selection, and multivariate Cox analysis. 9‐feature genes (FAM83A, AKAP12, PKP2, CYP17A1, GJB3, TMPRSS11F, KRT81, MARCH4, and STC1) in the ITGB superfamily were selected to establish a prognostic assessment model for LAUD.ResultsIn accordance with the median risk score, LUAD samples were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of LUAD patients’ survival was predicted via K‐M survival curve and principal component analysis dimensionality reduction. This model was found to have a favorable performance in LUAD prognostic assessment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed genes between groups and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of intergroup samples confirmed that the high‐ and low‐risk groups had evident differences mainly in the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Risk score and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of clinical factors showed that the prognostic model could be applied as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Then, we draw the nomogram of 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival of LUAD patients predicted with the risk score and clinical factors. Calibration curve and clinical decision curve proved the favorable predictive ability of nomogram.ConclusionWe constructed a LUAD prognostic risk model based on the ITGB superfamily, which can provide guidance for clinicians on their prognostic judgment.
Model‐Based Analysis of the Influence of Alcohol Use and Age on Pharmacokinetics‐Pharmacodynamics of Oral Oxycodone in Middle‐Age and Older Community‐Dwelling Adults
Authors: Lalovic Bojan B. , Shireman Laura , Shen Danny D. , Cherrier Monique M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about how opioid responses vary by age and in the presence of alcohol consumption. This model‐based pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis quantified the impact of age and alcohol use on pupillometry and cold pressor test (CPT) PD based on data from an open‐label study of a single, immediate‐release 10‐mg oral oxycodone in middle‐age and older adults (aged 35‐85) without severe functional limitations. PK and pupillometry assessments were obtained on 11 occasions over 8 hours. Cold pressor test was administered at 1.5, 5, and 8 hours after oxycodone dosing. The study population consisted of 62 older adults (aged ≥60) and 66 middle‐aged adults (aged 35‐59), with 82% meeting the unhealthy drinking criteria. Oral oxycodone PK were well described using a 1‐compartment model with a sequential 0 to first‐order absorption process. Inhibitory maximum effect and linear direct effect PD models described the respective pupillometry and cold pressor test data using simultaneous PK‐PD analysis in MONOLIX. Recent alcohol use measures were selected a priori as covariates. This analysis demonstrated an influence of age on clearance and body weight on the distribution volume of oxycodone; alcohol consumption was not noted to alter oxycodone PK. Oxycodone pupillometry PD were influenced by the level of subject‐reported alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption), alcohol use biomarker–blood phosphatidylethanol, previous cannabis use, and age. Over the opioid exposure range of the study, none of the covariables including alcohol and age were noted to affect cold pressor test pharmacodynamics. Additional clinical studies are needed to further investigate the clinical consequences of opioid‐alcohol‐age interaction.
One‐step synthesis of ZnS/ZnO using HMDA as precursor and active part for high photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: García‐Mendoza Cinthia , Sánchez Rivera Williams Eduardo , Alvárez‐Lemus Mayra A , Jácome‐Acatitla Gabriela , Frías Márquez Dora María , López‐González Rosendo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of organic molecules to improve the performance of semiconductors (such as using ZnS in hydrogen production) has been widely studied. This work studies the formation of a photocatalyst formed by ZnS/ZnO anchored to an organic molecule (hexamethylenediamine) under different amounts of the organic material and its performance in hydrogen production is evaluated.RESULTSThe materials were synthesized by the precipitation method, forming ZnS/ZnO composite, 3HMDA and 9HMDA materials showed flower‐like structure. The 6HMDA material showed a nanotube like structure and high surface area . Likewise, the anchoring of the organic material forming stacked lamellae is confirmed. Regarding hydrogen production, the most active material was 6HMDA, which showed an excellent performance, producing 3281 μmoles after 5 h of reaction with a production rate of 12 916 μmoles h−1 g‑1; 6HMDA increased the effectiveness with respect to ZnS by a factor of 4.3, while the 9HMDA material increased it 1.5 times.CONCLUSIONThe organic material and the ZnS/ZnO work together to improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of the material, increasing hydrogen production under UV light. These results show that it is possible to obtain an efficient material with excellent photocatalytic performance by a relatively simple synthesis method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).