bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-based Binarization Technique of Hand-drawn Floor Plans
Authors: Suh Hanew , Kim Hyunjung , Yu Kiyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we propose a two-step binarization method for hand-drawn architectural floor plans to transform them into usable formats for indoor spatial modeling.Methods: First, a Gaussian mixture modeling was adopted to remove texture-like noise from the background. Second, 24 features were extracted to train the random forest model and the remaining line or spot-like noise was removed from the image. Moreover, the proposed method was applied to a completely different architectural drawing set to evaluate its generalization performance.Results: The experimental results indicated that the proposed method outperformed the other binarization techniques. Moreover, binarization result was outperforming with 0.987 F1-score. Conclusion: The experimental results showed that the overall performance of the proposed method was significantly superior to that of the other binarization methods. Moreover, they indicated that the proposed method is applicable to different types of architectural drawing, thereby proving its generalization.
Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective study
Authors: shen lulu , Zhang Xin , Jia Yi , Geng Xiaoxin , Li Decheng , Peng Xiao , Li Jiawen , Zan Likun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare but are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. GISTs represent a spectrum of tumors characterized by variable behaviors and activating mutations in KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) or platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) genes. This study aimed to analyze the histological and molecular characteristics of GISTs and the clinicopathologic features associated with its prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical, pathological and prognostic data for 941 patients who underwent GIST surgery at our hospital from 2010 to 2020. Influencing factors associated with GIST gene mutations and clinicopathological features related to patient prognosis were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.ResultsGISTs were found to be more common in women than in men, to occur at an older age, and were located mainly in the stomach. GISTs were generally small in size, had a low mitotic index and were more often rated as very low risk/low risk. Immunohistochemistry showed that 96.7% and 98.4% of tumors were positive for CD117 and DOG-1. KIT and PDGFRA mutations were identified in 113 (76.4%) and 4 (4.0%) cases, respectively. Survival analysis showed GIST patient prognosis to be related to sex, age, tumor site, tumor size, mitotic count and the combined with other tumors. Patients with exon 11 mutation in KIT had a better prognosis than those with exon 9 mutation in KIT. Relapse or metastasis occurred in 39 patients during the follow-up period. Most relapsed or metastatic GISTs had concordant pathological and mutational characteristics with the primary tumor; they carried an identical KIT/PDGFRA mutation, and the mitotic index was usually high. But 4 metastatic GISTs carried a different KIT mutation compared to the promary tumor. Furthermore, coexistence of double mutations in KIT was observed in five tumors, with worse prognostic features.ConclusionsClinicopathological features( sex, age, site, tumor size, mitotic count, and the coexisting with other types of tumors) of GISTs, and mutation sites of KIT and PDGFRA were associated with the risk of GIST progression, which may contribute to optimization of individualized adjuvant therapy.
EGFR and MMP-9 are associated with neointimal hyperplasia in systemic-to-pulmonary shunts in children with complex cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Kottmann Philip , Eildermann Katja , Murthi Sarala Raj , Cleuziou Julie , Lemmer Julia , Vitanova Keti , von Stumm Maria , Lehmann Luisa , Hörer Jürgen , Ewert Peter , Sigler Matthias , Lange Rüdiger , Lahm Harald , Dreßen Martina , Lichtner Peter , Wolf Cordula 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Systemic-to-pulmonary (SP) shunt malfunction contributes to morbidity in infants with single ventricle physiology after palliative procedure. Neointimal hyperplasia might play a role in the pathogenesis, increasing risk for shunt obstruction. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix-metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are described as contributors for neointimal formation in other diseases.
Aim of this study was to quantify EGFR and MMP-9 in SP shunts by immunohistochemistry and to identify risk alleles in genes encoding related proteins.
METHODS:
Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-EGFR and anti-MMP-9 on 31 SP shunts removed at follow-up palliative or corrective procedure at the time of surgery. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping was performed on DNA extracted from patients´ blood samples and allele frequencies were compared between the group of patients with shunts displaying severe stenosis (≥40% shunt stenosis) and the remaining group.
RESULTS:
In immunohistochemistry we mainly detected EGFR and MMP-9in the luminal area of the shunt. Cross sectional area of EGFR and MMP-9 measured in median 0.19 mm2(IQR, 0.1-0.3 mm2) and 0.04 mm2 (IQR, 0.03-0.09 mm2) respectively, and correlated positively with the area of neointimal measured on histology (r=0.729, p<0.001 and r=0.0479, p=0.018). Certain alleles in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were associated with increased stenosis and neointimal hyperplasia within shunts.
CONCLUSION:
EGFR and MMP-9 contribute to neointimal proliferation in SP shunts of children with complex cyanotic heart disease. SP shunts from patients carrying certain risk alleles in the genes encoding for EGF and TIMP-1 displayed increased neointima.
Analyzing Network (Non-)Neutrality for Monopolistic, Competing, or Vertically Integrated Content Providers with a Unified Model
Authors: Kumar Vedant Joseph , Maillé Patrick , Tuffin Bruno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the hot and sensitive network neutrality debate. It designs a model simultaneously encompassing several scenarios regarding the content-providing market structure: a monopolistic content provider, competitive ones, and a vertically-integrated one facing a non vertically-integrated competitor. We each time compare the outputs when non-neutral, weak neutral or strong neutral policies are applied, in order to get insights regarding the possible consequences of each type of neutrality regulation.
NLRC5 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/autophagy pathway in cervical cancer
Authors: Ling Lin , Zhan Lei , Fu Juanjuan , He Runhua , Wang Wenyan , Wei Bing , Ma Xiaofeng , Cao Yunxia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
NLR Family CARD Domain Containing 5, (NLRC5) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its effect in cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the function of NLRC5 on CC.
Methods
The expression of NLRC5 as well as LC3 and Beclin1 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. The relationships between the NLRC5 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of the patents were analyzed with rank sum test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the correlation between NLRC5, LC3, Beclin1 expression and the clinical prognosis. In addition, univariate analysis and multivariate survival analysis were used to examine the effect of NLRC5 on prognosis. The function of NLRC5 in CC was validated by CCK8 assay and Transwell assay using Hela cell with knowdown or over-expressed NLRC5. The regulation mechanism of NLRC5 was investigated by western blot.
Results
We found that NLRC5 was down-regulated in CC tissues compared with normal cervical tissues. Patients with higher NLRC5 expression, age, HPV infection, lymph node metastasis, recurrence and histological grade had better prognosis independently. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed NLRC5 was a prognostic factor for CC. Pearson correlation analysis showed NLRC5 may exert its function in CC by autophagy related proteins especially for LC3. In vitro cell experiment proved that NLRC5 regulated the level LC3 and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell by activating AKT signaling pathway. In the presence of AKT signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002, the positive role of NLRC5 in proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cell was restricted.
Conclusions
These findings presented NLRC5 may as a promising predictor in patients with cervical cancer. Additionally, NLRC5 regulate LC3 expression to promote HeLa cell proliferation, migration and Invasion by activating the AKT Signaling Pathway.
Characterizing functional modules in the human thalamus: Coactivation-based parcellation and systems-level functional decoding
Authors: Boeken Ole Jonas , Cieslik Edna C. , Langner Robert , Markett Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The human thalamus relays sensory signals to the cortex and facilitates brain-wide communication. The thalamus is also more directly involved in sensorimotor and various cognitive functions but a full characterization of its functional repertoire, particularly in regard to its internal anatomical structure, is still outstanding. As a putative hub in the human connectome, the thalamus might reveal its functional profile only in conjunction with interconnected brain areas. We therefore developed a novel systems-level Bayesian reverse inference decoding that complements the traditional neuroinformatics approach towards a network account of thalamic function. The systems-level decoding considers the functional repertoire (i.e., the terms associated with a brain region) of all regions showing co-activations with a predefined seed region in a brain-wide fashion. Here, we used task-constrained meta-analytic connectivity-based parcellation (MACM-CBP) to identify thalamic subregions as seed regions and applied the systems-level decoding to these subregions in conjunction with functionally connected cortical regions. Our results confirm thalamic structure–function relationships known from animal and clinical studies and revealed further associations with language, memory, and locomotion that have not been detailed in the cognitive neuroscience literature before. The systems-level decoding further uncovered large thalamic-centered systems engaged in autobiographical memory and nociception. We propose this novel decoding approach as a useful tool to detect previously unknown structure–function relationships at the brain network level, and to build viable starting points for future studies.
SIRT2 regulates HMGB1 nucleoplasmic shuttle and degradation via deacetylation in microglia by LPS
Authors: Xing Wan-Qun , Han Qi , Shi Hui-Ying , Wu Wen-Cong , Si Fan , Lu Jing-Jing , Zhou Tie-Zhong , Li Shi-Ze , Guo Jing-Ru , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
It is widely accepted that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of sepsis. HMGB1 promotes inflammation during sterile and infectious damage and plays a crucial role in disease development. Mobilization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is the first important step in the release of HMGB1 from activated immune cells. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the sirtuin family, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent deacylases, which participates in modulation of cell cycle control and neurodegeneration
Methods
A sepsis mouse modle was established using C57BL/6 and SIRT2-/- mice by LPS induction. Assessment of microglia polarization and pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor IL-1β, IL-6, and HMGB1. Immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis were used to detect HMGB1 nuclear translocation. The impact of SIRT2 deacetylase activity on HMGB1 acetylation and the interaction between HMGB1 and SIRT2.
Results
The results of our study showed that HMGB1 was reduced after SIRT2 knockdown. SIRT2 overexpression increased HMGB1. SIRT2 affected the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In addition, SIRT2 interacts with HMGB1 and deacetylates the K43 lysine sites. In vivo, a decrease in HMGB1 due to the absence of SIRT2. SIRT2 depletion increased HMGB1 ubiquitination and had an impact on the nucleoplasmic shuttle.
Conclusion
These discoveries are the first to shed light on the SIRT2 nucleoplasmic shuttle, which influences HMGB1 and its degradation, hence revealing novel therapeutic targets and avenues for sepsis treatment.
The kinetics of circulating cell-free DNA to predict the clinical efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Zijian , Zhong Jie , Lu Jianwei , Si Lixiang , Pan Xiaohua , He Kang , Wang Qiangcheng , Zhang Yao , Bao Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Methods: A total of 118 mCRC patients who received the first-line chemotherapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from July 2018 to April 2020 were enrolled. CfDNA was quantitatively detected in plasma collected from colorectal cancer patients before and during the first-line chemotherapy. Correlations between cfDNA baseline levels and clinicopathological characteristics, cfDNA kinetics and progression-free survival (PFS) were then analyzed by SPSS25 (IBMCorph, Armonk, NY).Results: We found that elevated cfDNA baseline levels were associated with adenocarcinoma, liver metastases, rectal cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) above upper limit of normal (ULN). Of note, patients with cfDNA levels＜24.13ng/ml and cfDNA kinetics (the ratio of post-chemotherapeutic cfDNA to cfDNA baseline levels) ≤ 1.215 after 4 cycles of chemotherapy had higher PFS. By multivariate COX model, we found that cfDNA levels and cfDNA kinetics after 4 cycles of first-line chemotherapy were independent predictive factors of first-line chemotherapy in mCRC patients.Conclusion: The cfDNA levels and the cfDNA kinetics in plasma after 4 cycles of first-line chemotherapy can be used as efficacy predictors for mCRC patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.
Targeting gut microbiota in bone health of livestock and poultry: roles of short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Huang Shu-cheng , He Yan-feng , Lin Lu-xi , Xu Ting-ting , Shaukat Aftab 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The regulation and maintenance of bone metabolic homeostasis plays a pivotal role in animal skeletal health. Several skeletal diseases have been confirmed to be closely related to ecological dysbiosis and structural changes in the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota and its metabolites, mainly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect almost all organs, including the skeleton. SCFAs positively affect bone healing by acting directly on cells involved in fracture healing or by shaping appropriate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. Moreover, recent studies have shown that SCFAs play a biological role in regulating bone metabolism in four areas: immune function, calcium absorption, osteogenesis and osteolysis, thus havingpotential benefits in maintaining bone health in livestock and poultry. This review focuses on the role of SCFAs in the regulation of bone metabolism by gut microbiota and provides a theoretical basis for studies related to bone health in livestock and poultry.
Quantification of morphological variability expressed by a “log sem” statistic: Examples from extant and extinct hominoid species (craniodental anatomy)
Authors: Thackeray Francis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this review of a morphometric technique, conspecific pairwise comparisons are made between craniodental measurements of adult hominoid specimens (representing extant and extinct species), in least squares linear regression analyses which are associated with equations of the form y = mx + c, where m is the slope and c is the intercept. The log of the standard error of the m-coefficient (“log sem”) is a reflection of the degree of scatter around a regression line, related to variability in shape. The m-coefficient is a reflection of size. Regressions are undertaken when measurements of any specimen P are on the x-axis, and those of another (conspecific) specimen Q on the y-axis; and vice-versa. Respectively, mean log sem values of -1.61 ± 0.13 and − 1.62 ± 0.12 have been observed in the context of crania and dentition of extant (Holocene) Homo, Pan (chimpanzee) and Gorilla conspecifics. Values of circa − 1.61 also appear to be the case in conspecific comparisons of extinct Plio-Pleistocene hominins, notably Early Homo (Early Pleistocene), Paranthropus (also Early Pleistocene) and Pliocene Australopithecus. A mean log sem value of -1.61 ± 0.1 is confirmed as a reflection of a typical degree of morphological variability within hominoid species if not also in other taxa.
Design and performance analysis of eight channel demultiplexer using 2D photonic crystal with trapezium cavity
Authors: Kavitha V. , Balaji V. R. , Dhanabalan Shanmuga Sundar , Sridarsh T , Robinson S. , Sugesh Jeswanth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, an eight-channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) demultiplexer is designed with a 2D Photonic Crystal (PC) Triangular lattice. The proposed demultiplexer consists of a centre bus waveguide, an isosceles trapezium resonant cavity, and an eight circular ring cavity (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4, CR5, CR6, CR7, and CR8). The point defect resonant cavity consists of seven rods to drop different wavelengths from eight cavities, each of eight drop waveguides. The design is very simple for realistic systems. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWE) methods are used to determine the proposed design's band structure and transmission spectrum. The resonant wavelengths are 1.5441μm, 1.5443μm 1.54449μm 1.5447μm 1.5449μm 1.5551μm 1.5553μm, and 1.5555μm respectively. The proposed device provides a high-quality factor, transmission efficiency, and low Crosstalk. The device's footprint is 451.2 μm2 easily incorporated into a Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC).
DOAC in the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study beyond the guidelines
Authors: Cominacini Mattia , Suardi Silvia , Ferrari Giulia , Ciresa Roberto , Tosi Federica , De Marchi Sergio , Valenti Maria Teresa , Carbonare Luca Dalle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: the emerging use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in the management of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) is significantly improving therapeutic adherence and quality of life. Despite this, many conditions can restrict the therapeutic index of these drugs. For all these reasons the latest guidelines recommend the use of heparins in the treatment of CAT as the preferred treatment in some clinical settings.
OBJECTIVES: we evaluated the efficacy and the safety of DOAC, in terms of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding (MB), as a composite primary outcome. Mortality and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) were evaluated as secondary outcomes.
METHODS: we performed a retrospective study on 209 patients to compare the effects of DOAC versus heparins for the treatment of CAT. 127 patients with a high bleeding risk neoplasia were enrolled.
RESULTS: A primary-outcome event occurred in 11.3% of patients treated with heparins and in 10.5% treated with DOAC (Relative Risk 0.92; 95% CI 0.42-2.01, p= 0.84). Recurrent VTE occurred in 6.1% in the heparins group and in 8.4% in the DOAC group (RR 1.37; 95% CI 0.51-3.64, p= 0.52). MB occurred in 5.2% in the heparins group and in 2.1% in the DOAC group (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.08-1.93, p = 0.25).
CONCLUSIONS: DOAC seem to be as effective and safe as heparins in the treatment of CAT. Most bleeding events occurred in patients with high-risk bleeding neoplasms regardless of the type of anticoagulant. Considering the characteristics and satisfaction of patients using DOAC in this setting, this approach should be considered as a first choice.
Observed Variability and Trends in Global Precipitation During 1979-2020
Authors: Gu Guojun , Adler Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How global precipitation might have changed on the interdecadal-to-trend time scales during the satellite (post-1979) era is examined by means of the satellite-based GPCP V2.3 monthly precipitation analysis. Comparisons with the results from CMIP6 and AMIP6 are further made in terms of global mean precipitation change and regional features of precipitation change, aiming to provide not only an improved understanding of the effects of major physical mechanisms on precipitation change, but also an assessment of the skills of current climate models and likely some clues for diagnosing possible limitations in observed precipitation. Long-term change/trend in global mean precipitation is generally weak in GPCP. Although the GPCP trend is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level over global land + ocean during 1979–2020, it is not significant over either global land or ocean separately. For the shorter, overlap period with the CMIP6 historical experiments (1979–2014), GPCP positive trends can’t reach the 90% confidence level, while significant and more intense precipitation trends appear in CMIP6 ensemble-means. However, a roughly similar global sensitivity to surface temperature change can be derived in GPCP, CMIP6, and AMIP6, providing confidence in both observed and simulated global mean precipitation change. Large regional trends with positive and negative values can readily be seen across the world in GPCP. AMIP6 can generally reproduce these large-scale spatial features. Comparisons with CMIP6 confirm the combined effects from anthropogenic greenhouse-gases (GHG) forcing and internal modes of climate variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Limiting the PDO/AMO effect makes the trend patterns in GPCP residuals more similar to those in CMIP6, implying that the GHG effect would become more readily detectable in observed precipitation in the near future with regards to both global mean and regional precipitation changes. Furthermore, similar changes in precipitation seasonal range, especially over global lands, occur in GPCP, CMIP6, and AMIP6, suggesting that the GHG effect might already be discernible in certain aspects of precipitation change.