bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Localization in WSN: Machine Learning and Optimization‐Based approaches
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Sharma Subhash Chandra 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in various applications. The localization problem has been identified as one of the biggest problems faced by WSNs. The traditional localization techniques may not be able to handle the issues during the scenario to estimate the location of sensor nodes due to anchor mobility, mobile WSNs, latency, energy harvesting, unfavorable environmental states, and many more issues. However, these issues open the door for the amalgamation of machine learning (ML) and optimization techniques with localization techniques. Motivated by the earlier discussion, we explored various ML and optimization techniques to estimate the location coordinates in a sensor network in this paper. Finally, a comparison of existing ML algorithms concerning optimization techniques has been presented, highlighting their improved outcomes. This research offers a detailed survey by exploring the various parameters for location estimation through tabular forms by incorporating ML and optimized localization techniques. A survey of surveys is also presented to identify the key limitations of existing surveys and to introduce the novelty in the comprehensive study done in this paper. A year‐wise evaluation of ML Techniques with localization (2011–2022) is also discussed and presented over various performance parameters, including energy‐efficiency, accuracy, error, and complexity. This discussion concluded that Hybrid Techniques are least explored for using optimized localization machine learning. Further, a summarized discussion of the various comparison tables paves the path for future research in the area of localization in WSN.
Repeated subsamples during DNA extraction reveal increased diversity estimates in DNA metabarcoding of Malaise traps
Authors: Zizka Vera M. A. , Geiger Matthias F. , Hörren Thomas , Kirse Ameli , Noll Niklas W. , Schäffler Livia , Scherges Alice M. , Sorg Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith increased application of DNA metabarcoding in biodiversity assessment, various laboratory protocols have been optimized, and their further evaluation is subject of current research. Homogenization of bulk samples and subsequent DNA extraction from a subsample of destructed tissue is a common first stage of the metabarcoding process. This can either be conducted using sample material soaked in a storage fixative, e.g., ethanol (here referred to as “wet” treatment) or from dried individuals (“dry”). However, it remains uncertain if perfect mixing and equal distribution of DNA within the tube is ensured during homogenization and to what extent incomplete mixing and resulting variations in tissue composition affect diversity assessments if only a fraction of the destructed sample is processed in the downstream metabarcoding workflow. Here we investigated the efficiency of homogenization under wet and dry conditions and tested how variations in destructed tissue composition might affect diversity assessments of complex arthropod samples. We considered five time intervals of Malaise trap bulk samples and process nine different subsamples of homogenized tissue (20 mg each) in both treatments. Results indicate a more consistent diversity assessment from dried material, but at the cost of a higher processing time. Both approaches detected comparable OTU diversity and revealed similar taxa compositions in a single tissue extraction. With an increased number of tissue subsamples during DNA extraction, OTU diversity increased for both approaches, especially for highly diverse samples obtained during the summer. Here, particularly the detection of small and low‐biomass taxa increased. The processing of multiple subsamples in the metabarcoding protocol can therefore be a helpful procedure to enhance diversity estimates and counteract taxonomic bias in biodiversity assessments. However, the process induces higher costs and time effort and the application in large‐scale biodiversity assessment, e.g., in monitoring schemes needs to be considered on project‐specific prospects.
Origins of juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Bahamas: A comparison of recent and historical rookery contributions
Authors: Kynoch Camille , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. , Dutton Peter H. , LaCasella Erin L. , Silver‐Gorges Ian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConservation of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) benefits from knowledge of population connectivity across life stages. Green turtles are managed at the level of genetically discrete rookeries, yet individuals from different rookeries mix at foraging grounds; therefore, rookeries may be impacted by processes at foraging grounds. Bimini, Bahamas, hosts an important foraging assemblage, but rookery contributions to this assemblage have never been resolved. We generated mitochondrial DNA sequences for 96 foraging green turtles from Bimini and used Mixed Stock Analysis to determine rookery contributions to this population using 817 and 490 base pair (bp) rookery baseline data. The MSA conducted with 817 bp data indicated that Quintana Roo, Mexico, and Central Eastern Florida contributed most to the Bimini population. The MSA conducted with 490 bp data indicated that Southwest Cuba and Central Eastern Florida contributed the most to Bimini. The results of the second MSA differ from a previous study undertaken with 490 bp data, conducted in Great Inagua, Bahamas, which suggested that Tortuguero, Costa Rica, contributed the most to that foraging assemblage. Large credible intervals in our results do not permit explicit interpretation of individual rookery contributions, but our results do indicate substantial relative differences in rookery contributions to two Bahamian foraging assemblages which may be driven by oceanic currents, rookery sizes, and possibly juvenile natal homing. Our findings may implicate a shift in contributions to the Bahamas over two decades, highlighting the importance of regularly monitoring rookery contributions and resolving regional recruitment patterns to inform conservation.
Sea otters in a California estuary: Detecting temporal and spatial dynamics with volunteer monitoring
Authors: Eby Ron , Rosso Susan , Copriviza John , Scoles Robert , Gideon Yohn , Mancino Joseph , Mayer Karl , Yee Julie , Wasson Kerstin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVolunteer monitoring can support conservation of imperiled wildlife, by providing higher resolution data in space and time than those available from professional scientists. However, concerns have been raised that data collected by amateurs are inaccurate or inconsistent and thus do not allow for robust detection of spatial or temporal trends. We evaluated the rigor and value of volunteer monitoring data for one iconic wildlife species, the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), in Elkhorn Slough estuary in central California, USA, and explored whether volunteer monitoring could provide added value to complement limited professional surveys. First, we compiled and analyzed sea otter counts taken on daily ecotourist boat trips along the estuary, and then compared temporal patterns to data collected by professional scientists tasked with monitoring this federally listed species. Second, we analyzed data on sea otter abundance, habitat use, and behavior collected by a team of trained volunteers, the Elkhorn Slough Reserve Otter Monitoring Program. Overall, we demonstrated the ability to detect important ecological patterns relevant to sea otter conservation and wetland habitat management using volunteer‐derived datasets. Long‐term trends and inter‐annual variability were similar between professional agency monitoring data and volunteer datasets. Moreover, the much higher frequency of volunteer observations allowed for seasonal and tidal dynamics to be detected that could not be revealed by less frequent professional monitoring. We found higher sea otter abundance in the estuary in spring–summer, indicating seasonality in use of the estuary. We detected differences in habitat use of the estuary between higher and lower tides, and greater frequency of foraging at low tide and in certain areas. Volunteer observations revealed fine‐scale differences in habitat use: eelgrass beds were used much more heavily than adjacent areas only a few meters away. Volunteer data can thus provide critical information about coastal habitat use and behavior that can improve conservation strategies for threatened wildlife species.
Investigations on the Reactivity of Copper(I) Complexes with a N3S Thioether Ligand System
Authors: Rotärmel Thomas , Specht Pascal , Becker Jonathan , Neuba Adam , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the active site of several copper monooxygenases, thioether residues are coordinated through the sulfur atom, e. g. dopamine‐β‐monooxygenase (DβM). The reaction of dioxygen with a series of copper(I) complexes with thioether groups in tripodal ligands based on either derivatives of tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TMPA) or a guanidine system were investigated by low‐temperature stopped‐flow measurements. The formation of labile intermediates, an end‐on superoxido complex, and μ‐1,2‐trans‐peroxido copper(II) complexes were spectroscopically detected and a kinetic analysis allowed the calculation of activation parameters for these reactions supporting the postulated mechanism. Most interesting was the finding that replacing the ethyl group in the tren‐guanidine derivative (TMGEt)2(SEtEt)N with a methyl group allowed a dramatic increase in the stability of the formed superoxido copper complex. Measurements with ozone were performed in order to find an alternative way to obtain and stabilize the labile intermediates.
Standalone hybridPV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for aCOVID‐19 quarantine center
Authors: El‐Khozondar Hala J. , El‐batta Fady , El‐Khozondar Rifa J. , Nassar Yasser , Alramlawi Mansour , Alsadi Samer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work is motivated by the need in overcoming the electricity crisis in Gaza, which is initiated due to political reasons and the spread of COVID‐19. Building quarantine centers is one of the most important means used in combating the COVID‐19, but connecting these centers to the electricity distribution network at the appropriate time is not always possible and increases the burden on the local utility company. This article proposed a hybrid off‐grid energy system (HES) to effectively energize the quarantine COVID‐19 center in Gaza economically and environmentally. To achieve this aim, the estimated load profile of the quarantine center is fed to the HOMER‐Pro program. In addition, the various systems components are introduced to the program, then modeled, and optimized. The developed approach was tested using a real case study considering realistic input data. HOMER‐Pro program is used to simulate and optimize the system design. The results revealed the potential of the HES to provide environment‐friendly, cost‐effective, and affordable electricity for the studied quarantine center, as compared to just the diesel generators system. For the considered case study, it is found that the PV‐wind‐diesel generators HES can cover the connected load with the lowest cost ($ 0.348/kWh) in comparison to other possible HES structures. Taking into consideration the price of harmful emissions, the wining system shows a reduction of 54.89% of the cost of energy (CoE) compared to other systems. For the considered case study, it is found that a combination of 150 kW PV, 200 kW wind, and two diesel generators with capacities of 500 and 250 kW can hold 100% of the electrical load required to keep the quarantine COVID‐19 center in operation. The initial capital cost of this HES is $510,576 where the share of wind energy, solar PV, inverter, and diesel‐electric generators are $320,000, $83,076, $25,000, and $82,500, respectively. The replacemen cost ($55,918) is due to diesel generators. The total operation and maintainance cost (O&M) is $268,737, that is, 25.6% for wind turbines, 1.2% for inverters, and 70.7% for diesel electric generators. The PV/wind/diesel generators HES generate 1,659,038 kWh of electricity. The total energy requirement of 1,442,553 kWh, which means a surplus of 212,553 kWh of energy/year. The total energy (kWh) is an integration of energy sources which are 427,276 (25.8%), 274,500 (16.5%), and 857,263 (57.7%), due to wind, solar and diesel generators respectively. The cost of yearly consumed fuel is $437,828.769. The payback period for the winning system is 1.8 years. Finally, it is proved that the developed approach gives a reasonable solution to the decision‐makers to find a fast, economic and reliable solution to energize the quarantine centers.
Evidence of risky driving in Korean older adults: A longitudinal cohort
Authors: Byeon Gihwan , Kwon Sung Ok , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Jang Jae‐Won , Bae Jong Bin , Han Ji Won , Kim Tae Hui , Kwak Kyung Phil , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Jeong Lan , Moon Seok Woo , Park Joon Hyuk , Ryu Seung‐Ho , Youn Jong Chul , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Lee Dong Young , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the differences in the risk factors for dangerous driving between older adults with normal cognition and those with cognitive impairment.DesignThe driving risk questionnaire (DRQ) that was applied to a community‐dwelling older adult cohort and 2 years of accident/violation records from the National Police Agency were analyzed. We conducted regression analyses with the presence or absence of risky driving based on records (accidents + violations) 2 years before and after evaluation as a dependent variable and dichotomized scores of each risky driving factor as independent variables.ResultsAccording to four identified factors—crash history, safety concern, reduced mileage, and aggressive driving—significant associations were found between risky driving over the past 2 years and crash history and for aggressive driving in the normal cognition group. In the cognitive impairment group, only crash history was significantly associated, although safety concerns showed a trend toward significance.ConclusionsIn this study, it was suggested that the factors of DRQ have a significant association with actual risky driving. Our results are expected to contribute to establishing the evidence for evaluating and predicting risky driving and advising whether to continue driving in clinics.
An objective analysis of composite free flap donor site morbidity in head and neck surgery: Prospective series
Authors: Russell Joshua , Volker Glen , McGarvey Declan , Sharpe Catherine , Breik Omar , Borgna Scott C. , Pateman Kelsey , Batstone Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundA poor evidence basis exists regarding the objective donor site morbidity associated with osseous free flap harvest. This study prospectively assessed the objective donor site morbidity associated with osseous free flap harvest for the fibula, scapula, and iliac crest (DCIA) donor sites.MethodsA single‐site, prospective cohort clinical research study was conducted. Sixty‐four patients were recruited between 2017 and 2021. Patients were assessed using a donor site specific assessment tool pre‐operatively, and again >12 months post‐operatively.ResultsThere was a significant reduction post‐operatively in assessment tool scores compared to the pre‐operative period for the fibula, scapula and DCIA. Females were more likely to report a greater reduction in Harris Hip Score post‐operatively compared to males.ConclusionsThe fibula, scapula, and DCIA donor sites are associated with reduced objective function post‐operatively compared to patient's pre‐operative baseline. The implications are least pronounced for the fibula.
Gaps in available published data on abortion in Uganda and the missed opportunity to inform policy and practice
Authors: Inzama Wilfred , Kaye Dan K. , Kayondo Simon P. , Nsanja John P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobally, 25% of pregnancies end up in induced abortion, the majority of which are unsafe. Abortion is safe when conducted according to WHO recommendations. The objective of the present study was to identify gaps in the data published on abortion and make recommendations to the Ministry of Health, Uganda. The search strategy included PubMed, Google Scholar articles (from October 2020 to May 2021) on unsafe abortion in Uganda, reviewed data from the Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Uganda (AOGU) members' baseline survey (2019), Health Management Information System (HMIS) summary data (2015–2016 to 2019–2020), and the Uganda Demographic and Heath Survey (DHS) report (2011, 2016). From the 200 articles and national health surveys identified, 37 articles and two national representative surveys met our criteria: prevalence, factors, estimating cost of induced abortion, and complications associated with safe and unsafe abortion in both low‐ and high‐income countries. There are many unsafe abortions in restrictive environments. Abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal and morbidity. Physicians favor dilatation and curettage over manual vacuum aspiration and medical methods for the evacuation of retained products. Several gaps still exist in the published articles, HMIS data, and DHS data, leading to missed opportunities for data to inform policy and practice.
Short‐term outcomes after an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in abdominal hysterectomies for leiomyomas in a teaching hospital
Authors: Alvarenga‐Bezerra Vanessa , Moretti‐Marques Renato , Barbosa Mariana G. , Rios Gabriela M. , Mengai Ana C. S. , Assir Fernanda F. , Pimenta Edna C. S. , Podgaec Sergio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomies for leiomyomas before and after the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in a teaching hospital.MethodsThis prospective cohort study compared a patient group from a historical series (pre‐ERAS) with another group after ERAS implementation. Fasting time, length of hospital stay, complications, readmission rates, and procedure‐related hospital costs were analyzed.ResultsAltogether, 187 patients were included in the analysis: 92 (49.2%) and 95 (50.8%) in the pre‐ERAS and ERAS groups, respectively. Both groups had similar clinical characteristics. We observed reductions in surgical outcome findings: fasting time (13.9 to 6.7 h, P < 0.001), bladder catheter usage (21.1 to 10.9 h, P < 0.001), infection rates (20.7% to 5.3%, P = 0.002), length of stay (57.5 to 37.6 h), and 38.4% of the total estimated mean cost per procedure (USD $1570.8 to USD $967.2, P < 0.001) in the pre‐ERAS and ERAS groups, respectively. Hospital readmission rates (P > 0.99) did not increase.ConclusionERAS protocol implementation for hysterectomies involving uterine leiomyomas reduced the length of hospital stay, surgical site infection rates, and hospital costs. A mean savings of USD $603.6 per procedure would allow 62.4% more hysterectomies to be performed.
Relationships between saturated paste and 1:1 or 1:5 soil/water extract sodium adsorption ratios
Authors: Kargas George , Londra Paraskevi A. , Koka Dimitrios , Sgoubopoulou Anastasia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between the sodium adsorption ratio acquired by the saturated paste extract (SARe) method and those acquired by 1:1 and 1:5 soil/water extracts (SAR1:1 and SAR1:5) by using 122 surface soil samples from 5 agricultural areas of Greece. The soil samples are classified as medium to fine textured with negligible gypsum content and low organic carbon content. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) method was used to obtain all extracts. The results showed that the relationships between SARe and SAR1:1, as well as SARe and SAR1:5, are strongly linear, with a higher coefficient of determination (R2) observed in the case of the SARe–SAR1:1 relationship. The linear regression equations were SARe = 1.21·SAR1:1 (R2 = 0.954) and SARe = 2.22·SAR1:5 (R2 = 0.828). The linearity of the SARe–SAR1:5 relationship was stronger when the calcium carbonate content of soils was greater than 4%. Linear relationships were also observed between the electrical conductivity (EC) relationships ECe–EC1:1 and ECe–EC1:5 and between the concentrations of ions Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ derived from saturated paste extract and each of the 1:1 and 1:5 extracts. The 1:1 method was more effective than the 1:5 method in the prediction of EC, SAR and ion concentrations of the preferred index of the saturated paste extract method.
SELF‐TUNING CONTROLLER WITH INTEGRAL ACTION
Authors: Allidina A. Y. , Hughes F. M. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYA common approach to eliminate steady‐state error between system output and its reference is to incorporate an integrator into the control loop itself. In this paper the self‐tuning controller is analysed when a digital integrator is cascaded with the system. It is shown how this leads to the alternative approach of employing a particular form of the cost function minimized by the controller. The two approaches are not directly equivalent, and this paper deals with the similarities and differences of these two approaches of eliminating zero steady‐state error. It also discusses various forms of cost function specifications for achieving zero error.
MULTIVARIATE SELF‐TUNING PROCESS CONTROL
Authors: Morris A. J. , Nazer Y. , Wood R. K. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSelf‐tuning controllers have been applied to the control of overhead and bottom compositions of a binary distillation column. Evaluation of the controllers has been performed by simulation, using a comprehensive mathematical model of distillation column dynamics, and subsequent experimental testing carried out on a pilot scale column interfaced to a HP‐1000 distributed computer system. Control of overhead composition, bottoms composition and simultaneous control of both terminal compositions was studied. The simultaneous control of both compositions involved the use of a multivariate formulation of the controller and its extension to multirate sampling. Problems associated with load disturbance rejection and control loop behaviour are discussed.
A CONTINUOUS‐TIME APPROACH TO DISCRETE‐TIME SELF‐TUNING CONTROL
Authors: Gawthrop P. J. 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYIt is suggested that it is appropriate to design discrete‐time self‐tuning controllers from a continuous‐time (as opposed to purely discrete‐time) point of view. Such a design method is outlined, and is shown to overcome some well known problems associated with self‐tuning controllers.