bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of vaginal delivery and its outcome in Tanta University Hospital
Authors: Abd Elwhab Elshair Rabab E. , El Halwagy Ahmed El Sayed , Kabbash Ibrahim A.F. , Elkholi Gamal El Deen Yousef 
Published: February 2022

Background
In developing countries, women are unwilling to accept cesarean delivery due to their old-style principles and sociocultural customs. Those women are frequently sent to hospitals with life-threatening problems and in these circumstances the cesarean section (CS) is done as an emergency operation.

Aim
We aimed to determine the incidence of vaginal delivery and its outcome in Tanta University Hospital.

Patients and methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tanta University Hospital during the period from August 2018 to January 2019. All women in labor during the period of the study were the target population of the study.

Results
Prevalence of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) was found to be 59.3% of all deliveries in our study. No significant difference was found between NVD and CS as regards neonatal outcome. Postpartum hemorrhage was the most common complication after NVD representing 5.5% of all cases. NVD were found to decrease with increased age of women, number of gravida, parity of studied women, and with increased abortions. It was found to increase with increased gestational age.

Conclusion
The prevalence of NVD at Tanta University Hospitals was 59.3% compared with 40.7% for cesareans and the outcome of delivery did not differ between NVD and CS.
Evaluation of ocular surface status in patients with glaucoma treated with preservative or preservative-free prostaglandin analogs
Authors: Khedr Amira M. , Eid Tarek E. , Elsaka Ayman M. , Elmaria Ahmed F. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases that require chronic treatment. Prostaglandin derivatives are popular for treating glaucoma. Most prostaglandin drops contain benzalkonium, which contains the contraceptive pill.

Aim
Comparing the ocular surface changes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma treated with preservative-free versus preserved prostaglandin analogs (PGAs).

Patients and methods
This prospective study was carried out on 40 eyes of 40 patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma and randomly divided into two groups that received PGAs: group A (20 eyes) received preserved PGA (latanoprost 0.005%), and group B (20 eyes) received preservative-free PGA (tafluprost 0.0015%). After 3 months of treatment, the ocular surface status in every patient was evaluated by Schirmer 1 test, tear film break-up time, fluorescein corneal staining, impression cytology, and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

Results
Schirmer 1 test showed that 90% of patients in group B had normal values compared with 40% in group A (P=0.008). Tear film break-up time showed that 90% of patients in group B had normal values compared with 35% in group A (P=0.004). Regarding fluorescein corneal staining, 100% of the patients in group B had normal values compared with 60% in group A (P=0.007). Impression cytology grading was significantly better in group B (P<0.001). According to the Ocular Surface Disease Index score, patients on tafluprost treatment reported better drug tolerability (P=0.041).

Conclusion
Patients with glaucoma treated with preservative-free PGA have fewer ocular surface adverse effects, which may increase the tolerability of topical glaucoma medications.
Role of multislice computed tomography in evaluation of thoracic complications in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Elsayed Mahmoud M.S. , El Hafez Zayton Hossam A. , Hantera Mohamed S. , Elshaarawy Fatma A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
The incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF) is increasing worldwide. With the expanded use of hemodialysis treatment and extended life of patients with chronic renal failure, large numbers of thoracic complication of CRF patients are being increased. The radiological findings of the thoracic complications in patients with CRF are multiple.

Aim
To study the role of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the evaluation of thoracic complications in patients with CRF.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 patients with CRF who presented with chest diseases were included in this study (13 females and 17 males). All patients underwent detailed history taking, clinical examination, laboratory studies, and MSCT examination.

Results
Pleural effusion was the most common complication found in 19 (63.3%) patients, pulmonary infection was the second most common complication detected in 16 (53.3%) patients, followed by mediastinal lymphadenopathy presented in six (20%) patients, pulmonary nodules presented in six (20%) patients, pericardial effusion presented in four (13.3%) patients, pulmonary thromboembolism, hydropneumothorax, vascular calcification, and pleural thickening presented in three (10%) patients each, then, cardiomegaly presented in two (6.7%) patients, and finally, lung cancer presented in one (3.3%) patient.

Conclusion
MSCT was effective to illuminate a wide spectrum of thoracic complications in symptomatic patients with CRF and was the most sensitive imaging modality for detection of these complications.
Antioxidant effects of gum arabic on gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Hassanien Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Gum arabic (GA) is an exudate obtained from Acacia senegal and A. seyal, and it contains a large amount of nonviscous soluble fiber. Experimental studies revealed its strong antioxidant properties. Gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in experimental animals. Gentamycin induces hepatoxicity mainly by generating free radicals and enhancing oxidative stress.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and the alteration of the oxidant–antioxidant balance in gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, this study explored the possible protection that can be afforded by GA, given its antioxidant potential.

Materials and methods
Forty adult male Albino rats’ weighing was used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Group I served as control, which received normal mouse diet. Group II orally received GA through a gastric feeding tube for 8 days. Group III received a daily intraperitoneal injection of gentamycin. Group IV received gentamycin intraperitoneally plus orally for 8 days.

Results
The results of this study revealed significant elevation of serum alanine transaminase, hepatic malondialdehyde level, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and reduction of hepatic Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase activities in gentamycin-treated animals. Administration of GA with gentamycin intake restored the altered parameters to their normal values, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities were enhanced further.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the antioxidant effect of GA and its protective role against gentamycin-induced hepatocyte injury. More studies are warranted to further reveal the underlying mechanisms of the antioxidant properties of GA, especially at the structural and molecular levels.
Assessment of diaphragmatic excursion-time index as a predictor of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Mashal Aya E. , Abd Elhafez Ahmed A. , Elbaradey Ghada F. , El Keblawy Amira M. 
Published: February 2022

Background and aim
Timing is essential for real weaning from mechanical ventilation as unfavorable weaning may provoke extended cardiovascular, respiratory-pressing factor, carbon dioxide retention, and hypoxemia. The mark of the current examination was to review the accuracy of diaphragmatic excursion-time index assessed by ultrasound as a predictor of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective cohort study. It was done in the University Hospitals during the period from October 2019 to March 2020.

Results
This study was done on 36 patients over 18 years of age precisely ventilated for over 48 h legible for the beginning of weaning from mechanical ventilation. After endorsement of Institutional Ethical Committee, a written informed consent was obtained from every tolerant's family member. Patients were arbitrarily assigned into two equivalent groups: group 1: successful weaning thought about when supported spontaneous breathing without invasive or noninvasive mechanical support for over 48 h following extubation and group 2: failed weaning when the patient needs reintubation, noninvasive ventilation, or required tracheostomy within 48 h after extubation.

Conclusions
Ultrasound-guided diaphragmatic excursion-time index measured either at the beginning of spontaneous breathing trial or before extubation was the stronger predictor of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation compared with diaphragmatic excursion, rapid shallow breathing index, and negative inspiratory pressure.
Outcomes of anterior-wedge resection of the middle turbinate in functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Elbasty Hazem A. , Elsheikh Mohamed N. , Hagras Mahmoud A. , Tomoum Mohamed O. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition that affects the quality of life of patients. Patients may require sinus surgery in case of failure of medical treatment. One of the important decisions to be made during sinus surgery is middle-turbinate (MT) management.

Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the anterior-wedge excision of the MT in sinus surgery regarding accessibility to the sinuses both intraoperatively and postoperatively and the quality-of-life changes at least 6 months after surgery.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, cohort-controlled study. Fifty patients were enrolled into two groups: group A consisted of 25 patients who had anterior-wedge resection of the MT and group B consisted of 25 patients in whom the MT was preserved during sinus surgery for management of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Results
Anterior-wedge resection of the MT was found to improve access to middle meatus during surgery and postoperative care. There was a significant enhancement of SNOT-22 total score and all its subscale scores.

Conclusion
Anterior-wedge MT resection is a promising procedure during sinus surgery. It can be a helpful auxiliary procedure to enhance surgical accessibility, facilitate postoperative follow-up and debridement, and reduce the risk of synechiae formation between the MT and lateral nasal wall. This may be associated with improvement of the disease-related quality of life after sinus surgery.
Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound in the management of appendicitis
Authors: Chiegwu Hyacienth Uche , Ugwuanyi Daniel C. , Udoh Benjamin E. , Chianumba Francis S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
In most complaints of right lower abdominal pains appendicitis is suspected. Appendicitis often creates the most common abdominal surgical emergency. Ultrasound and computed tomography are often the imaging modalities used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of appendicitis in a tertiary hospital in South Eastern, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study design was adopted to study 152 records of patients aged 1–65 years who had ultrasound scans for clinical suspicion of appendicitis at a tertiary hospital in Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria from 2016 to 2018. Patients' age, gender, and provisional diagnosis were obtained from the patients' request forms. Ultrasound results were obtained from the radiology department and the histology reports from the histology unit of the hospital. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS, version 22.0. was used for data analysis.

Results:
Of the 152 cases, ultrasound was positive in 115, while histology confirmed 136 positives. Ultrasound, therefore, had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 84.56%, 100%, and 86.18%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 100% and 43.24%, respectively. The study showed a higher incidence of appendicitis among females (n = 84) than males (n = 52), (ratio 1:1.6). Age groups 10–19 and 20–29 years were the most affected. Accuracy was 91.94% (in males) and 82.22% (in females). The most common ultrasound features include enlarged appendix (>9 mm, 100%), rebound tenderness to probe (92%), and fluid-filled appendix (88%).

Conclusions:
Ultrasound has high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of appendicitis.
Opportunistic use of “follow-up” chest and abdominal computed tomography in the assessment of bone mineral density of breast cancer patients in a resource-poor nation
Authors: Mensah Yaw Boateng , Edusa Clement , Nsaful Josephine , Mensah Naa Adjeley , Badu-Peprah Augustina , Gbadamosi Hafisatu , Appau Andrea , Amankwa Adu Tutu 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Breast cancer patients experience bone loss from treatment-induced menopause, as well as from the direct effect of cancer. The use of computed tomography (CT) attenuation values of the lumbar spine to estimate bone mineral density has been validated by several studies.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted at Sweden Ghana Medical Centre and Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between June 2016 and August 2019. Measurement of Hounsfield unit (HU) of lumbar vertebrae was achieved by drawing an elliptical region of interest (ROI) on an axial image of the vertebra about 2–3 mm from the spinal cortical bone. The mean HU of the ROI was measured on bone window for each of the vertebral bodies, and the values were documented and analyzed.

Results:
The mean bone densities of the vertebrae were generally higher for the noncancer patients compared to the breast cancer patients for all the age groups. The measured bone densities showed a normal distribution curve. The range of bone density for osteopenia and osteoporosis was between 174.4 and 236.4 HU and <174.4 HU, respectively. A Pearson's correlation analysis between patient age and bone density for both groups showed a negative statistically significant relationship.

Conclusion:
Using CT attenuation values of lumbar vertebra to estimate bone density established that the bone densities follow a normal distribution, the mean bone density for breast cancer patients were slightly lower than for noncancer patients, and age correlated better with lumbar bone density in noncancer patients than in breast cancer patients.
Black Fungus: a rising consternation among COVID patients presented in tertiary care hospital in Islamabad-PIMS
Authors: Khan Manza Maqsood , Syed Ansab Hasnain  , Altaf Hussain  , Malik Jawad Faisal  
Published: February 2022

For almost one and a half year the world is facing the pandemic called COVID-19, which is an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). This disease has already engulfed many lives and has not been tamed so far. Physicians all over the world still, trying to get a hold of this global health issue, are faced with another life-threatening challenge associated with COVID-19, called black fungus-Mucormycosis. Within a span of few weeks, we have encountered three cases of black fungus in our institute which has stirred a serious concern among physicians in Pakistan.
Keywords: Mucormycosis, Black fungus, COVID-19, Pandemic.
Communicating Movement Control Order during Covid-19: A Framing Analysis of News Portal and Instagram
Authors: Wan Mohd Ghazali Wan Norshira , Osman Noor Dzuhaidah , Abdul Shukor Syahirah 
Published: February 2022

Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in Malaysia on March 18, 2020, to contain the spread of Covid-19. The mass media has played a great role in communicating the new restrictions and orders that regulated many public activities. All relevant channels including social media were employed by the mass media to ensure everyone was aware of the new norms. This study chooses Berita Harian, a Malay language newspaper, and examines its news portal and Instagram posts to explore the communication of standard operating procedure (SOPs) messages related to MCO as issued by the National Security Council (NSC) of Malaysia. Quantitative content analysis was used to explore the portrayal of SOPs using message styles and interactive elements. Initial results revealed that Berita Harian’s news portal still placed great importance on the text and non-narrative elements accompanied by photos to educate and influence the public about the rules related to SOPs. While on Instagram, videos were used dominantly that are visually more attractive, engaging, and narrative in nature. The study argued that the discussion of framing can be extended by emphasising interactive elements as the aspects of coverage that can contribute to the way an issue is framed. In conclusion, Instagram should be regarded as an important platform for media to reach out to more incidental users in communication messages related to Covid-19 MCO.
NUTRITIONAL AND MATERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE IN LAMBUSSIE DISTRICT
Authors: Taabia F. Z. , Mornah L. N. , Michael W. 
Published: February 2022

Maternal excessive bleeding at birth continues to be a global public health challenge, particularly in poor resource settings. Postpartum haemorrhage has been linked to a high proportion of maternal deaths and disabilities at the institutional and community levels. Current data on postpartum haemorrhage is limited to institutional settings and does not consider the community experiences of mothers who suffer from postpartum haemorrhage.
This cross-sectional study assessed the nutritional and other maternal risk factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage at the community level. A total of 183 mothers were systematically sampled from six sub-districts. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Multivariate logistic and regression models were estimated to assess the association between dependent and independent variables at a confident level of 95%. The results from the study showed that the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage was 7.1% among the mothers interviewed in the study. Age groups (p
CULTURA: COMPLEXIDADES E DIVERSIDADES NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Mendes de Sousa Eronilson , Chitolina Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

Este Artigo tem como objetivo propiciar reflexões, sob o aspecto Sócio Antropológico da ideia de Cultura, suas complexidades e diversidades. Logo, esta abordagem sobre a Cultura, ocorreu dentro de uma discussão teórica sob a perspectiva da noção de Cultura nas Ciências Sociais. A metodologia adotada está pautada na pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como instrumento análise de referenciais teóricos de autores indicados pelos professores da Disciplina Cultura, saberes e Prática do Curso de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação-UDE e outras selecionadas pelos autores. Trazendo uma discussão sobre a presença das diversidades sócio- culturais no espaço Escolar e suas difíceis tarefas de convivência, dentro de um modelo de escola conservador e antidemocrático
Follow-Up Analyses From a Wait-List Controlled Trial of Occupational Therapist–Delivered Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Among Veterans With Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Eakman Aaron M. , Schmid Arlene A. , Rolle Natalie R. , Kinney Adam R. , Henry Kimberly L. 
Published: February 2022

Importance: Veterans often experience chronic insomnia, and professionals capable of delivering effective interventions to address this problem are lacking.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the Restoring Effective Sleep Tranquility (REST) program, an occupational therapist–led cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT–I) intervention to treat sleep problems among post- 9/11 veterans.
Design: Wait-list controlled trial with 3-mo follow-up.
Setting: Community-based veteran support program in a Mountain West university.
Participants: Fifteen post-9/11 veterans with sleep disturbances who were assigned to either the REST intervention or a wait-list control group.
Outcomes and Measures: Sleep-related, health-related, and participation-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and daily sleep diary variables.
Results: Wait-list controlled trial benefits included improved sleep-related (e.g., sleep disturbance), health-related (e.g., depression), and participation-related (e.g., meaningful activity) PROs. Findings were confirmed after participants in both the intervention and the control groups (n = 13) received the REST intervention, including improved daily sleep diary outcomes (e.g., sleep efficiency). All gains were maintained at 3 mo.
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners with advanced training in CBT–I have the potential to safely deliver an effective CBT–I intervention to veterans with sleep disturbances in a community-based setting.
What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy practitioners with sleep-related education and training can positively affect the well-being of their clients through improving sleep participation.
Determinants of Campital Flight and its Impact on Economic Performance: A Study of Developming Economies
Authors: Nasreen Farah , Raheman Abdul , Mirza Ashfaq Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Capital flight imposes a great danger to the developing economies by lowering their economic activity, devaluing the currency, and hindering economic growth. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of capital flight of developing economies. Determinants are studied as indices, and these indices are calculated by using the Arithmetic Mean approach. There is a two-steps model; in the first part, determinants are discussed, and in the second part, capital flight is used as an independent variable, and its impact on economic performance is measured in 59 Developing Economies. GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) is used for the determinants of capital flight, and panel GLS (Generalized least square) is used to check the impact of capital flight on economic performance. Macroeconomic variables (external debt, inflation, exports, interest rate, and exchange rate) are also part of the study with four indices as determinants (Country Risk Index, Economic Freedom Index, financial inclusion index, and Governance institution and corruption index). Results suggest that all included indices were significant along with all macroeconomic variables. Country risk, external debt, and exports have a negative coefficient, while others have a positive coefficient value. Capital investment, foreign direct investment, and Gross domestic product were used as proxies of economic performance. Results of GLS have shown there is a significant and negative impact of capital flight on economic performance. Capital flight is measured by using the residual methodology.