bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Protects Isolated Rat Hearts with Hyperglycemia Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Qu Yan , Xiong Wei , Zhou Rui , Song Ning , Qian Jinqiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has myocardial protective effects, but fewer researches focus on the cardioprotection of dexmedetomidine in high glucose environment. The purpose of this research was to unveil this protective effect and mechanism of Dex preconditioning against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury of hearts and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis with hyperglycemia.
Methods
Langendorff model was established. Test groups were pretreated with dexmedetomidine for 30 min and washed out for 10 min, subsequently exposed to 30 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. We randomly separated isolated hearts to seven groups. Furthermore, the perfusate of Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) in experimental groups contained 33 mM glucose, while the glucose concentration in control group was 11 mM. Left ventricular developed pressure, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, heart rates as well as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT) of coronary perfusion were assessed. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was used to test infarct size at last. To explore the mechanism of Dex protective effect, H9C2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without 10 nM Dex and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 before being exposed to H2O2 to induce oxidative cellular damage in low or high glucose culture medium. Cell viability, apoptosis ratio and protein expressions were detected by CCK8, TUNEL, flow cytometry and Western blot.
Results
After 33mM glucose-KHS treatment and global ischemia/reperfusion, left ventricular function indexes of the isolated hearts in I/R group were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), nonetheless infarct sizes of the left ventricle and hs-cTnT (p < 0.001) were obviously increased. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning reduced I/R-induced left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricle infarct size (p < 0.001). hs-cTnT was lower in rat hearts preconditioned with Dex (p < 0.001). Moreover, the myocardial protective effects of Dex in high glucose perfusate were not related to osmotic pressure changes. H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability and increased necroptotic and apoptotic cell deaths in high glucose culture medium group (p < 0.01, HG + H2O2 vs. Control). Dex prevented H2O2‑induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway under high glucose circumstances, for it significantly decreased expressions of proteins caspase 3, Bax and increased expressions of proteins Bcl-2, p-PI3K and p-AKT. While all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by LY294002 (p < 0.01, HG + H2O2 vs. HG + DP + H2O2 and LY294002 + HG + DP + H2O2 vs. HG + DP + H2O2). These findings indicated that Dex attenuates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway under high glucose circumstances.
Conclusions
Acute hyperglycemia exacerbates myocardial I/R injury but dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial I/R injury and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Transthyretin in promoting cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion by macrophages in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ke Kun , Lin Junqing , Huang Ning , Yan Leye , Liao Rihua , yang weizhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the involvement of transthyretin (TTR) in promoting cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell invasion by macrophages and to elucidate the role of TTR in cholangiocarcinoma migration and invasion.Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of TTR, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in CCA tissues. CCA cells (HCCC9810) with high expression of TTR were co-cultured with macrophages (THP-1) in the presence of TNF- α (25 ng/L), which were divided into: blank control group (BC group), negative control group (NC group), HCCC9810 + si-RNA TTR, HCCC9810 + recombinant TTR, HCCC9810 + Akt inhibitor (mk-2206). BC group were without THP-1 and TNF- α and no THP-1 were in NC group. The quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the TTR levels in cells. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. The metastatic ability was detected by wound-healing migration assay, and Transwell assay was used to detect the invasive ability, TTR, NF-κB and p-Akt protein levels were detected by Western blot.Results: Expression of IL-6 and TTR was increased in CCA tissues. Both THP-1 and downregulation of TTR could inhibit the metastatic and invasive abilities of HCCC9810 cells (P < 0.05), and downregulated NF-κB and p-Akt expression (P < 0.05). Recombinant TTR recovered the metastatic and invasive abilities of HCCC9810 cells and upregulated NF-κB and p-Akt expression (P < 0.05). Mk-2206 downregulated the metastatic ability and the expression of TTR and NF-κB in HCCC9810 cells (P < 0.05).Conclusion: TTR promotes the invasion abilities of HCCC9810 cells by macrophages in the tumor microenvironment though Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Connected vehicles could greatly reduce carbon emissions in shared mobility
Authors: Hu Zhiqun , Lu Zhaoming , Li Chenghao , Zhang Lei , Gao Yuchong , Ren Dakai , Xu Qing , Wang Luhan , Wen Xiangming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mobile communication technologies accelerate the development of intelligent transportation by providing connectivity among vehicles and other vehicles, roadside infrastructures, and cloud platforms, thus creating opportunities to achieve carbon neutrality by promoting intelligent shared mobility. Here, we construct a city-level carbon emission model to quantitatively analyze the relationship between emissions and shared mobility based on a series of trips in several cities. Additionally, vehicle dispatching and urban road planning at low carbon cost are considered. We test our model on a dataset of over 17.6 million trips in five metropolises. Our method yields a reduction in carbon emissions compared with that obtained with the original method and dataset. This difference mainly results from the decrease in vehicle miles traveled via ridesharing and the reduction in energy consumption resulting from vehicle platooning. Although the analysis results depend on a number of assumptions, they are proven robust and could become even more relevant with the ongoing development of autonomous mobility and network intelligence.
R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor, AhMYB94 Plays a Crucial Role in Stress Tolerance of a Salt Susceptible Groundnut Cultivar
Authors: kumar Nulu Jagadeesh , Johnson AM Anthony , Venkatesh Boya , Jayamma N , Reddy B Manohara , Pandurangaiah M , Sudhakar Chinta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
R2R3 MYB transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Several MYB genes are involved in salt tolerance in several plant species. In this study, salt-tolerant groundnut cultivar K-9's stress-responsive transcription factor AhMYB94 was overexpressed in salt-susceptible groundnut cultivar K-6. The AhMYB94 gene was activated under drought and salinity. Relative gene expression analysis revealed that AhMYB94 was significantly higher by salt stress treatments than drought stress in groundnut cultivar K-6. Overexpression of AhMYB94 in a salt susceptible groundnut cultivar improved the salt tolerance as evidenced by better growth status, fresh and dry biomass of overexpression lines than wild type (WT) under salt stress conditions. Further, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in AhMYB94 overexpressing lines when exposed to salt stress, as estimated by diaminobenzidine (DAB) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) histochemical staining. Further overexpression of AhMYB94 in groundnut confers significantly increased tolerance ability of plants to oxidative damage under salt stress, mainly by increasing the osmolyte content, the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as SOD, and APX, reducing malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and upregulation of the expression of stress-related genes. When exposed to salt stress, the AhMYB94 transgenic lines demonstrated a higher Na + and K + content and a lower Na + /K + ratio than the wild type (WT). These results demonstrated that AhMYB94 plays a positive role in enhancing salt tolerance and could be a candidate for improved tolerance of plants to salt stress.
Self-Management Ability of Patients with PICC Catheter and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Tung Tao-Hsin , Chen liguang , Wang Gang , Zhang Xinxin , Xu Weijiao , Chen Xiaodan , Xu Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Explore the self-management ability of patients with PICC catheter and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for improving self-management ability. Methods: A total of 240 patients with PICC catheter in a Grade-A hospital are investigated by convenient sampling. Personal Information Questionnaire, Tumor Patient PICC Self-management Ability Scale, and Social Support Scale (SSRS) are used to complete the questionnaire survey. Results: The overall average score of self-management ability of the patients with PICC catheter is 138.43 ±20.34 (< 144th), and the self-management ability is moderate. The results of Single factor analysis shows that the patients with low age, high education, long-term caregivers, high monthly income, non-self-expense, religious belief and mental work had higher scores of self-management ability (P < 0.05). There is a significant positive correlation between the score of social support and the score of self-management ability (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate analysis suggests that education, long-term care, age, monthly per capita income, payment method, religious belief, occupational nature and social support are all influencing factors of self-management ability of patients with PICC catheter. Conclusions: 1. The overall level of self-management ability of patients with PICC catheter is medium, and the ability of information acquisition and daily catheter observation need to be improved. 2. Age, education level, long-term caregivers, monthly per capita income, payment method, religious belief, professional nature and social support, etc. will pose a direct impact on the self-management ability of patients with PICC catheter.
Mobile resistome of microbial communities and antimicrobial residues from drinking water supply systems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Bianco Kayo , Farias Beatriz Oliveira , Gonçalves-Brito Andressa Silva , Magaldi Mariana , Montenegro Kaylanne , Flores Claudia , Oliveira Samara , Monteiro Mychelle Alves , Spisso Bernardete Ferraz , Pereira Mararlene Ulberg , Ferreira Rosana Gomes , Albano Rodolpho Mattos , Cardoso Alexander Machado , Clementino Maysa Mandetta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics and other pollutants, posing a threat to human and animal health. In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial residues, bacterial diversity and ARGs in two important watersheds, Guandu and São João, that supply drinking water to Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. In addition, tap water samples were collected from three different cities in Rio de Janeiro State, including the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro city. Clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were found in untreated water and drinking water in all samples. A greater abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in Guandu and São João watersheds, with most of the sequences belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria class. A plasmidome-focused metagenomics approach revealed 4,881 (Guandu), 3,705 (São João) and 3,385 (drinking water) ARGs mainly associated with efflux systems. The genes encoding metallo-β-lactamase enzymes (blaAIM, blaGIM, blaIMP, and blaVIM) were detected in the two watersheds and in drinking water samples. Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-4 (both watersheds) and mcr-9 (drinking water and Guandu) for the first time in Brazil. Our data emphasize the importance of introducing measures to reduce the disposal of antibiotics and other pollutants capable of promoting the occurrence and spread of the microbial resistome on aquatic environments and predicting possible negative impacts on human health.
Discovery of multitargeting inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19: An in- silico studies
Authors: HASAN ASO HAMEED , Hussen Narmin Hamaamin , Shakya Sonam , Jamalis Joazaizulfazli , Pratama Mohammad Rizki Fadhil , Chander Subhash , Kharkwal Harsha , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic has currently infected more than 247 million people around the world. Nowadays, several receptors of COVID-19 have been reported, and few of them are explored for drug discovery. New mutant strains of COVID-19 are emerging since the first outbreak of disease and causing significant morbidity and mortality across the world. Although, few of drugs were approved for an emergency uses, however, promising drug with well proven clinical efficacy is yet to be discovered. Hence, researchers are continuously attempting for search of potential drug candidates targeting the well-established enzymatic targets of the virus. The present study is aiming to discover the antiviral compounds as potential inhibitors against the five targets in various stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, i.e., virus attachments (ACE2 and TMPRSS2), viral replication and transcription (Mpro, PLpro and RdRp), using the most reliable molecular docking and molecular dynamics method. The ADMET study was then carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of several compounds with the best docking results. To provide a more effective mechanism for demonstrating protein-ligand interactions, molecular docking data were subjected to a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation at 300K for 100 ns. In terms of structural stability, structure compactness, solvent accessible surface area, residue flexibility, and hydrogen bond interactions, the dynamic features of complexes have been compared.
A scoping review of gestational diabetes mellitus healthcare: Experiences of care reported by pregnant women internationally
Authors: Pham Sheila , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition associated with pregnancy that engenders additional healthcare demand. A growing body of research includes empirical studies focused on pregnant women’s GDM healthcare experiences. The aim of this scoping review is to map findings, highlight gaps and investigate the way research has been conducted into the healthcare experiences of women with GDM.Methods: A systematic search of primary research using a number of databases was conducted in September 2021. Studies were included if they had an explicit aim of focusing on GDM and included direct reporting of participants’ experiences of healthcare. Key data from each study was extracted into a purposely-designed form and synthesised using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Results: Fifty-seven articles were included in the analysis. The majority of studies used qualitative methodology, and did not have an explicit theoretical orientation. Most studies were conducted in urban areas of high-income countries and recruitment and research was almost fully conducted in clinical and other healthcare settings. Women reported significant mental distress in relation to their experience of GDM with inadequate information a key challenge and support from healthcare providers a critical factor. Experiences of prescribed diet and medication as well as monitoring greatly varied across settings. Additional costs associated with managing GDM was cited as a problem in some studies.Conclusions: This scoping review draws together reported healthcare experiences of pregnant women with GDM from around the world. Commonalities and differences in the global patient experience of GDM healthcare are identified.
Groningen Frailty Indicator–Chinese (GFI-C) for pre-frailty and frailty assessment among older people living in communities: Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: HUANG Emma Yun-zhi , Cheung Jasmine , Liu Justina Yat Wa , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe early identification of pre-frail and frail older people is a global priority because of increasing incidence of frailty and associated adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to validate the Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C), a widely used screening instrument, and determine the optimal cut-off value in Chinese communities to facilitate pre-frailty and frailty screening. MethodsThis methodological study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design to examine the psychometric properties of GFI-C, namely, internal consistency, stability and concurrent and construct validity. The appropriate cut-off values for screening pre-frailty and frailty in the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were determined through sensitivity and specificity analysis. ResultsA total of 350 community older people had been assessed and interviewed by a nurse. The GFI-C showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and two-week test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.87). Concurrent validity (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) showed moderate correlation with Fried’s frailty phenotype. The known-groups method, hypothesis testing and confirmatory factory analysis (three-factor model; χ2/df = 2.87, TLI = 0.92, CFI = 0.93, GFI = 0.92, RMR = 0.014, RMSEA = 0.073) were suitable for establishing construct validity. Based on the ROC and Youden’s index, the optimal cut-off GFI-C values were 2 (sensitivity, 71.5%; specificity, 84.7%) for pre-frailty and 3 for frailty (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 79.6%).ConclusionsResult indicates that GFI-C is a reliable and valid instrument for screening pre-frailty and frailty among older Chinese people in communities. For optimal diagnostic accuracy, cut-off values of 3 for frailty and 2 for pre-frailty were recommended.
Long Short Term Memory model for accurate predictions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from timeseries genome analysis
Authors: Uttarkar Akshay , Farhan Syed , Kumar Jitendra , Niranjan Vidya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drug resistance in tuberculosis is on the serious threat list of world health organization with a critical focus on addressing the genomic variations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This provides an opportunity for better understanding of evolutionary progression leading to anti-microbial resistance. This impacts on the economic stability of the global healthcare sector. A timeline genomic analysis from 2003 to 2021 of 578 mycobacterium genomes have been performed to understand the pattern underlying the genomic variations. A total of 4,76,053 mutations with Ts/Tv ratio of 0.448 was observed. In this regard, a recurrent neural network approach of Long short term memory model was optimized to predict the genome-wide mutations in the ratio of 80:20 test to training set respectively. The genomic sequences were split into batches and the error rate is averaged to 5.14% in 4 out of 5 batches and 38.99% in last batch with accurate position specific predictions. This has an impact on countering the anti-microbial resistance by identifying regions with high and low genomic variability providing insights on novel drug prospective targets. The further scope lies in improvising the model by enriching the datasets.
Subclinical infection occurs frequently following low dose exposure to prions by blood transfusion
Authors: Salamat M Khalid F , Stewart Paula , Brown Helen , Tan Kyle BC , Smith Allister , de Wolf Christopher , Blanco A Richard Alejo , Turner Marc , Manson Jean C , McCutcheon Sandra , Houston E Fiona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Infectious prion diseases have very long incubation periods, and the role that subclinical infections play in transmission, persistence and re-emergence of these diseases is unclear. In this study, we used a well-established model of vCJD (sheep experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE) to determine the prevalence of subclinical infection following exposure by blood transfusion from infected donors. Many recipient sheep survived for years post-transfusion with no clinical signs and no disease-associated PrP (PrPSc) found in post mortem tissue samples by conventional tests. Using a sensitive protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay (PMCA), we found that the majority of these sheep had detectable PrPSc in lymph node samples, at levels approximately 105-106 times lower than in equivalent samples from clinically positive sheep. Further testing revealed the presence of PrPSc in other tissues, including brain, but not in blood samples. The results demonstrate that subclinical infection is a frequent outcome of low dose prion infection by a clinically relevant route for humans (blood transfusion). The long term persistence of low levels of infection has important implications for prion disease control and the risks of re-emergent infections in both humans and animals.
Metabolomic changes in crown of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) during de-acclimation
Authors: Li Zhensong , He Feng , Tong Zongyong , Li Xianglin , Yang Qingchuan , Hannaway David B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alfalfa is a high-quality forage legume species that is widely cultivated at high latitudes worldwide. However, a decrease in cold tolerance in early spring seriously affects regrowth and persistence of alfalfa. There has been limited research on the metabolomic changes that occur during de-acclimation. In this study, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry system was used to compare the metabolites in two alfalfa cultivars during a simulated overwintering treatment. In four pairwise comparisons, 367 differential metabolites were identified, of which 31 were annotated according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Many of these metabolites were peptides, carbohydrates, and lipids. At the subclass level, 17 major pathways were revealed to be significantly enriched (P < 0.05). The main differential metabolites included amino acids, peptides and analogs, carbohydrates, and glycerol phosphocholines. A metabolomic analysis showed that the up-regulation of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids as well as the enhancement of the related metabolic pathways might be an effective strategy for increasing alfalfa cold tolerance. Furthermore, glycerophospholipid metabolism affects alfalfa cold tolerance in early spring. Study results provide new insights about the changes in alfalfa metabolites that occur during de-acclimation, with potential implications for the selection and breeding of cold-tolerant cultivars.
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant during China’s largest outbreaks
Authors: Dai Yeyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A complete and accurate statistical panorama and analysis of cases contracted with theSARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant are given under the conditions of strict mandatoryquarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination. Sars-Cov-2 is still new, and little isknown about either its direction of variation or its propagation laws. No country other than Chinahas been able to disclose every infected case and to have the data of heavily intervening largeoutbreaks. Here, my study reveals that the BA.2 subvariant can still spread very fast and wide inareas with strict “dynamic zero-COVID strategy”i in China, that there exist in different cities asmany as twenty-time large differences in morbidity rate unrelated to any of the influence factorsknown and that the Omicron BA.2 subvariant is unpredictable of its virulence, although its severerate of confirmed cases is low. This analysis provides first-hand solitary and valuable informationfor further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correctionof present epidemiological theory and mathematical models. It may also give other countriestime to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.