bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality improvement initiative to address bed shortage in the maternity ward at the National Referral Hospital
Authors: Tshering Sangay , Dorj Namkha , Monger Renuka , Sonam Sonam , Koirala Nirmala 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe shortage of beds at the maternity ward is ever increasing with an increasing trend in total birth and cesarean section deliveries thereby increasing the daily number of obstetric patients awaiting admission. This quality improvement (QI) project was conducted to mitigate the problem of bed shortage by implementing modified enhanced recovery after surgery in low‐risk cesarean section mothers. We aimed to increase the process measure of second day postoperative discharge in low‐risk cesarean section mothers admitted in the maternity ward from 0% to 25% over 2 months period. Simultaneously, the outcome measure of daily number of obstetric patients awaiting admission was assessed.MethodsThe study was conducted at the maternity ward, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu Bhutan. Fishbone analysis was used to analyze problems leading to delayed discharge. Interventions were discussed, implemented, and reviewed using Plan, Do, Study, and Act (PDSA) cycle over 8 week period from June 1 to July 31, 2021. Data were collected using the EXCEL sheet and analyzed using STATA 13. Process and outcome measures during the pre and postintervention period were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to express the results. Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test was used to determine the statistical significance at p < 0.05.ResultsThe postintervention second day postoperative discharge increased to a median value of 65.5% (interquartile range [IQR]: 45–80) compared to the preintervention value of zero. The number of daily waiting obstetric patients decreased from the preintervention median value of 6.0 (IQR: 0–7) to the postintervention median value of 1.0 (IQR: 0–2) which was statistically significant at p = 0.0001.ConclusionQI initiative can address bed shortages by increasing the early postoperative discharge, thereby reducing the number of obstetric patients awaiting admissions. The outcome of this QI initiative can be used to provide evidence to modify the existing Standard Operating Procedures in our setup.
Heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation minimization using CNTs suspended nanofluid upon a convectively warmed moving wedge: An optimal case study
Authors: Berrehal Hamza , Suriya Uma Devi S. , Prakash M. , Sowmya G. , Maougal Abdelaziz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the effects of singleand multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticles on heat transfer enhancement and inherent irreversibility in the boundary layer of water base nanoliquid flow over a convectively heated moving wedge with thermal radiation. Manipulation of the angle positioning towards the flow stream provides the opportunity for comparing physical aspects in the flow states, where three main geometries of the well‐known Falkner–Skan problem include: (i) the flat plat (named Blasius flow), (ii) the wedge, and (iii) the vertical plate (named Hiemenz stagnation flow) have been considered to present a comprehensive development of this significant problem. Applying suitable similarity constraints, the model partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Solutions are obtained analytically via optimal homotopy asymptotic method and numerically via shooting technique coupled with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth scheme. The impacts of solid volume fraction of carbon nanoparticles along with other germane factors, such as wedge angle, velocity ratio parameter, Biot number, thermal radiation, and so forth on velocity and thermal profiles, Nusselt number, heat transfer enhancement, rate of entropy generation, and irreversibility ratio, are scrutinized via graphical simulations and discussed. Optimization of such entropy developments in the system was found to depend on geometrical (β), dynamical (λ), and thermophysical (Bi, NR, Ec, φ) parameters. The ultimate objective of reducing the energy loss and enhancing heat transference was obtained with the geometrical manipulation of a flat plate case (β = 0). Dynamically (λ = 1) were spotted to exert the best fluidity irrespective of obstacle shapes (wedge or plate) in its way. In thermophysical aspects, reducing the convective heating develops a favorable situation for attaining the optimal balance between energy loss and heat transfer. SWCNT/water could be the better choice with enhanced thermal transference ability and exerts minimal irreversibility to overshadow the influences of all the above‐mentioned factors. The SWCNT suspended nanofluid can provide 12%–64% heat transfer enhancement when compared with the multiwalled CNT nanofluid which ranges from over 11% to 58% heat transference rate.
Mechanical and numerical investigations of biodegradable magnesium alloy screws for fracture treatment
Authors: Söntgen Sabrina , Keilig Ludger , Kabir Koroush , Weber Anna , Reimann Susanne , Welle Kristian , Bourauel Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmall fracture treatment includes the use of so‐called “Herbert screws”. In the past years, novel resorbable materials were introduced as an alternative to the classical titanium implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of ongoing resorption/corrosion processes on the mechanical stability screws made from the magnesium alloy MgYREZr®. Our samples consisted of two partly resorbed screws, explanted due to medical reasons after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, and five unused reference screws. We performed three‐point bending tests to determine the stability of all screws. Additionally, with FE‐models of the screws based on μCT‐scans, we investigated whether any differences in the bending behavior of the screws can be attributed to the reduction of the material volume due to resorption alone. Both partly resorbed screws failed at a lower force than the reference screws (178.6 ± 5.5 N for the reference screws, 72.5 N and 74.5 N for the screw explanted after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively). FE simulations performed with the three different geometries and original material parameters (Young's modulus Enew = 45 GPa, yield limit σnew = 235 MPa) showed that the early fracture could not be attributed to the changed geometry alone. Material parameters for the partly resorbed screws were determined by fitting the numerical to the experimental force‐displacement curves (E6week = 15 GPa, σ6week = 135 MPa and E12week = 8 GPa, σ12week = 135 MPa, respectively). Our results showed that both geometry of the screws and different material properties contribute to the overall stability. Understanding and controlling these two factors throughout the resorption process could enhance treatment options.
Imidazole and nitroimidazole derivatives as NADH‐fumarate reductase inhibitors: Density functional theory studies, homology modeling, and molecular docking
Authors: Campos‐Fernández Linda , Ortiz‐Muñiz Rocío , Cortés‐Barberena Edith , Mares‐Sámano Sergio , Garduño‐Juárez Ramón , Soriano‐Correa Catalina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are drugs used for its therapy; nevertheless, they have collateral effects. NADH‐fumarate (FUM) reductase is a potential pharmacological target since it is essential for survival of parasite and is not found in humans. The objectives are to design and characterize the electronic structure of imidazole and nitroimidazole derivatives at DFT‐M06‐2X level in aqueous solution; also, to model the NADH‐FUM reductase and analyze its intermolecular interactions by molecular docking. Quantum‐chemical descriptors allowed to select the molecules with the best physicochemical properties and lowest toxicity. A high‐quality three‐dimensional structure of NADH‐FUM reductase was obtained by homology modeling. Water molecules do not have influence in the interaction between FUM and NADH‐FUM reductase. The main hydrogen‐binding interactions for FUM were identified in NADH, Lys172, and Arg89; while hydrophobic interactions in Phe479, Thr174, Met63. The molecules S3‐8, S2‐8, and S1‐8 could be inhibitors of NADH‐FUM reductase.
Morpho‐anatomical characters of family Oscillatoriaceae (algae) identified using primitive (LM) and advance technique (SEM) from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Nadeem , Jaffer Mehwish , Rehman Shafiqur , Ain Quratul , Shaheen Shabnum 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, 34 species belonging to the class Nostocophyceae order Nostocales and family Oscillatoriaceae were identified based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All species belong to nine genera of which two species belong to Arthrospira, six species to Lyngbya, ten species belongs to Oscillatoria, six species belong to Spirulina, seven species to Phormidium, three species to Microcoleus. The morpho‐anatomical characters were identified among different species using LM and SEM. These studies highlighted that north‐eastern area of Punjab was blessed with the diversity of algae. These outcomes also indicated that for internal examination along with LM, SEM was necessary for correct identification of algal sample up to specie level.Research Highlights
The different Oscillatoria species abundance in waste‐water of four different areas.
The sampling was carried out randomly in different seasons from the water bodies especially from waste‐water.
The morpho‐anatomical characters were recognized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Thirty‐four species belonging to the class Nostocophyceae order Nostocales and family Oscillatoriaceae were identified based on LM and SEM.
Total synthesis of a reversed cyclopurpuracin using a combination of solid and solution phase methods
Authors: Yayat Hasna Noer Agus , Maharani Rani , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Wiani Ika , Zainuddin Achmad , Mayanti Tri , Nurlelasari  , Harneti Desi , Supratman Unang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCyclopurpuracin is a cyclooctapeptide isolated from the methanol extract of Annona purpurea seeds with the following sequence cyclo‐Gly‐Phe‐Ile‐Gly‐Ser‐Pro‐Val‐Pro residue. In this study, a reversed cyclopurpuracin, namely cyclo‐Pro‐Val‐Pro‐Ser‐Gly‐Ile‐Phe‐Gly, was successfully synthesized using a combination of solid and solution phase synthesis methods. The precursor was head‐to‐tail cyclized using 1.25 mM in DCM with 3 eq. HBTU and 1% v/v DIPEA. The final product was obtained (3.8 mg) with an overall yield of 7.4%. The synthetic products were characterized by HR‐ToF‐MS, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 2D NMR, showing different NMR profiles. The presence of the conformation was confirmed by providing additional signals in the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrum and the correlation peaks shown by 2D NMR. The presence of the cis conformer in conformer B was proven by the chemical shifts of Ser6 Cβ, Pro7 Cβ, and Pro8 Cβ in conformer B, which were more upfield than the conformer A chemical shifts, and the presence of NOE correlation between Hα/Hα of Val7 and Pro8. The NMR of the reversed cyclopurpuracin revealed the presence of two conformers, conformer A (cyclo‐[trans‐Pro‐Val‐trans‐Pro‐Ser‐Gly‐Ile‐Phe‐Gly]) and conformer B (cyclo‐[cis‐Pro‐Val‐trans‐Pro‐Ser‐Gly‐Ile‐Phe‐Gly]). The presence of dual conformers has not been observed in the NMR spectra of natural cyclopurpuracin.
Efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of some new series of pyridine derivatives: Promising and potent new class of anticancer agents
Authors: Abbas Hebat‐Allah S. , Abo Zeina Esraa A. , Radwan Hayam A. , Shati Ali A. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn an attempt to develop potent anticancer agents, we have synthesized some substituted pyridine derivatives. Alkylation of the pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile 1a by chloroacetonitrile or methyl iodide and ethyl iodide produced the O‐alkylated nicotinonitrile derivatives (2–4), respectively. The reaction of nicotinonitrile 1a with acetic anhydride furnished the N‐acetyl derivative 5. In addition, the reaction of 1a with concentrated sulfuric acid yielded compound 6 whereas its reaction with chloroacetone gave the corresponding 2‐alkoxy‐pyridine derivative 7 which then refluxed with sodium methoxide to give compound 8. Furthermore, alkylation of 1a‐c with methyl bromoacetate and ethyl bromoacetate produced the corresponding methyl, ethyl ester derivatives 9, 10a–c, respectively. The reaction of ethyl ester 10c with a solution of sodium hydroxide in ethanol afforded the corresponding acid derivative 11. Hydrazinolysis was carried out by the reaction of ethyl ester 10a,c with hydrazine hydrate to afford the desired acetohydrazide derivative 12a,c which was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of substituted pyridine derivatives 13–19. Chlorination of 1a with phosphorus oxychloride afforded the 2‐chloro derivative 20 which react with excess of hydrazine hydrate to yield compound 21. All synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against three different cancer cell lines, including breast (MCF‐7), colon (HCT‐116), and ovarian (SKOV3) cancers as well as human normal cells EA.hy 926 (human endothelial somatic cell hybrid). In general, compounds 3, 4, 5, 9, 12a, 12b, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21 exhibited high cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Besides that, the large number of synthesized compounds exhibited moderate anticancer activities.
Altered MRI Diffusion Properties of the White Matter Tracts Connecting Frontal and Thalamic Brain Regions in First‐Episode, Drug‐Naïve Patients With Postpartum Depression
Authors: Long Xipeng , Zhou Yushan , Zhang Feifei , Li Fei , Wang Xiuli , Meng Yajing , Roberts Neil , Cheng Bochao , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlthough progress has been made in exploring postpartum depression (PPD), the involvement of cerebral structure connectivity in PPD patients keeps unclear.PurposeTo explore structural connectivity alternations in mothers with PPD, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and automated fiber quantification (AFQ) were used to calculate brain white matter microstructure properties.Study TypeCross‐sectional.PopulationA total of 51 women with first‐episode, treatment‐näive PPD, and 49 matched healthy postpartum women (HPW) controls.Field StrengthA 3.0 T; single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence.AssessmentDTI measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were obtained for 18 specific white matter tracts. The relationship between PDD symptoms, hormone levels, and postpartum days was also investigated.Statistical TestsTwo sample t test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The analysis was performed by using a permutation‐based multiple‐comparison correction approach, with the threshold of P < 0.05 (family wise error corrected [FWE‐corrected]) separately across the four different outcome measures.ResultsWomen with PPD showed significantly increased FA and AD in right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) tract and significantly increased FA and significantly reduced RD in the cingulum tract, compared to women without PPD. The RD values of right cingulum were significantly positively correlated with postpartum days in HPW (r = 0.39). There were no significant relationships between brain measures and hormone levels in either patients or controls.Data ConclusionsDTI measures have revealed altered integrity in the white matter of the cortical‐thalamic circuits in women with PPD compared to HPW. Damage to these circuits may be a structural basis for the impaired emotional regulation and blunted mother–infant bonding in mothers with PPD and a potential target for the development of new treatments.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Long‐term variations of clouds and precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau and its subregions, and the associated mechanisms
Authors: Tang Jie , Guo Xueliang , Chang Yi , Lu Guangxian , Qi Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe changes in clouds and precipitation are essential to understand the variation of water cycle under a changing climate and have not been well investigated on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, the long‐term variations and the associated mechanisms of total cloud amount (TC), low cloud amount (LC), the number of precipitation days (PN) and precipitation amount (PA), as well as the number of snow cover days (SN) and mean snow depth (SD) on the TP and its subregions of northeast (NE), central south (SC) and southeast (SE) are investigated with observational data in 1979–2016. The results indicate that TC has an overall decreasing trend, while LC has a significant increasing trend on the whole TP. PA in the NE has a significant increasing trend, and that in the SE has an insignificant decreasing trend. Light precipitation events tend to decrease and heavy precipitation events tend to increase. SN and SD have significant interannual decreasing trends. It is found that the atmospheric thermodynamic condition on the TP tends to become stable under a warming climate. The northward shifting of the westerly winds in association with the Hadley cell expanding in cold seasons and the strengthening South Asian high and the South Asian monsoon in warm seasons should be directly responsible for the generally decreasing trends in TC and related precipitation events on the south TP, and the increasing trends in LC and associated warm precipitation on the whole TP.
Meta‐analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs: A tutorial on using the two‐stage approach for data from educational large‐scale assessments
Authors: Brunner Martin , Keller Lena , Stallasch Sophie E. , Kretschmann Julia , Hasl Andrea , Preckel Franzis , Lüdtke Oliver , Hedges Larry V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDescriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences. Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational large‐scale assessments (ELSAs) or social, health, and economic survey and panel studies. The meta‐analytic integration of these results offers unique and novel research opportunities to provide strong empirical evidence of the consistency and generalizability of important phenomena and trends. Using ELSAs as an example, this tutorial offers methodological guidance on how to use the two‐stage approach to IPD meta‐analysis to account for the statistical challenges of complex survey designs (e.g., sampling weights, clustered and missing IPD), first, to conduct descriptive analyses (Stage 1), and second, to integrate results with three‐level meta‐analytic and meta‐regression models to take into account dependencies among effect sizes (Stage 2). The two‐stage approach is illustrated with IPD on reading achievement from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We demonstrate how to analyze and integrate standardized mean differences (e.g., gender differences), correlations (e.g., with students' socioeconomic status [SES]), and interactions between individual characteristics at the participant level (e.g., the interaction between gender and SES) across several PISA cycles. All the datafiles and R scripts we used are available online. Because complex social, health, or economic survey and panel studies share many methodological features with ELSAs, the guidance offered in this tutorial is also helpful for synthesizing research evidence from these studies.
Surgeon Thyroidectomy Case Volume Impacts Disease‐free Survival in the Management of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Noel Christopher W. , Griffiths Rebecca , Pasternak Jesse D. , Higgins Kevin , Urbach David , Goldstein David P. , Irish Jonathan C. , Fu Rui 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the association between surgeons thyroidectomy case volume and disease‐free survival (DFS) for patients with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). A secondary objective was to assess a surgeon volume cutoff to optimize outcomes in those with WDTC. We hypothesized that surgeon volume will be an important predictor of DFS in patients with WDTC after adjusting for hospital volume and sociodemographic and clinical factors.MethodsIn this retrospective population‐based cohort study, we identified WDTC patients in Ontario, Canada, who underwent thyroidectomy confirmed by both hospital‐level and surgeon‐level administrative data between 1993 and 2017 (N = 37,233). Surgeon and hospital volumes were calculated based on number of cases performed in the year prior by the physician and at an institution performing each case, respectively and divided into quartiles. A multilevel hierarchical Cox regression model was used to estimate the effect of volume on DFS.ResultsA crude model without patient or treatment characteristics demonstrated that both higher surgeon volume quartiles (p < 0.001) and higher hospital volume quartiles (p < 0.001) were associated with DFS. After controlling for clustering and patient/treatment covariates and hospital volume, moderately low (18–39/year) and low (0–17/year) volume surgeons (hazard ratios [HR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.39 and HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.17–1.53 respectively) remained an independent statistically significant negative predictor of DFS.ConclusionBoth high‐volume surgeons and hospitals are predictors of better DFS in patients with WDTC. DFS is higher among surgeons performing more than 40 thyroidectomies a year.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:S1–S15, 2023
Lubrication characteristic of tooth surface on arc tooth cylindrical gears
Authors: Mo Shuai , Luo Bingrui , Dang Heyu , Zhang Yingxin , Cen Guojian , Huang Yunsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article studies the lubrication state of the arc tooth cylindrical gears during injection lubrication. The mathematical model of arc tooth cylindrical gears are established based on meshing principle. The lubrication characteristics of arc tooth cylindrical gears under different injection methods and conditions are analysed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The variation law of oil volume fraction in the gear‐meshing zone is obtained. Comparing the two oil jet methods in into mesh lubrication, when the ratio of the pitch line velocity to the injection velocity is less than 1.5 times, the best lubrication is gained through the concave surface injection method, when the ratio of the pitch line velocity to the injection velocity is more than 1.5 times, the best lubrication is gained through the convex surface injection method. It shows that the tooth shape has significant influence on lubrication when the lubricating oil is injected.