bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pockets of Peace: A mixed methods, exploratory study of neighborhoods resilient to juvenile violence
Authors: Leech Tamara G. J. , Adams Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial science research has focused on hot spots of adolescent violence in marginalized urban neighborhoods for nearly a century. In contrast, in this study, we explore under‐resourced urban areas that do not experience high rates of adolescent violence: “pockets of peace.” We use a mixed‐method approach to identify the sociodemographic, geographic, and criminological commonalities and differences between pockets of peace and other areas of concentrated disadvantage dealing with high rates of adolescent violence in Indianapolis, IN. More than one out of every ten of Indianapolis' areas of concentrated disadvantage meet the criteria to be labeled “pockets of peace.” Quantitative data indicate that these areas have fewer prosocial institutions and experience lower homeownership rates than comparison under‐resourced areas, and qualitative data point toward rental stability and residential longevity as potentially salient social factors within these contexts. As an alternative to using statistics to control for the context of structural disadvantage, studying pockets of peace and other “cold‐spots” of adolescent violence presents an opportunity to understand community‐level resilience within the real, lived context of structural disadvantage.
Spitting on my sources: Depression, DNA, and the ambivalent historian
Authors: Moran Rachel Louise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile writing a book on the history of postpartum depression in the United States, I became interested in an ongoing study about possible genetic markers of postpartum mental illness. I participated in the first step, an online survey. When I qualified for the next step, saliva collection, I was torn over whether or not to continue. Making this decision required reflecting on some overlapping issues: gender, medicalization, genetic research, and the political functions of DNA donation. In this perspectives essay, I explore tensions around situating myself in my historical research project.
The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID‐19 pathogenesis: An update
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Mahdi Roaa Salih , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Najm Mazin A. A. , Sobirova Guzal N. , Bafoyeva Zarnigor O. , Taifi Ahmed , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Mirzaei Rasoul , Karampoor Sajad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS‐CoV‐2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID‐19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in‐depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19.
Comparison of the respiratory tract microbiome in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with different disease severity
Authors: Chen Jiali , Liu Xiong , Liu Wei , Yang Chaojie , Jia Ruizhong , Ke Yuehua , Guo Jinpeng , Jia Leili , Wang Changjun , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the characteristics of respiratory tract microbiome in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) inpatients with different severity. We conducted a study that expected to clarify these characteristics as much as possible. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to characterize respiratory tract microbial communities of 69 COVID‐19 inpatients from 64 nasopharyngeal swabs and 5 sputum specimens using 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3‐V4 region sequencing. The bacterial profiles were analyzed to find potential biomarkers by the two‐step method, the combination of random forest model and the linear discriminant analysis effect size, and explore the connections with clinical characteristics by Spearman's rank test. Compared with mild COVID‐19 patients, severe patients had significantly decreased bacterial diversity (p‐values were less than 0.05 in the alpha and beta diversity) and relative lower abundance of opportunistic pathogens, including Actinomyces, Prevotella, Rothia, Streptococcus, Veillonella. Eight potential biomarkers including Treponema, Leptotrichia, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Parvimonas, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, Gemella, and Streptococcus were found to distinguish the mild COVID‐19 patients from the severe COVID‐19 patients. The genera of Actinomyces and Prevotella were negatively correlated with age in two groups. Intensive care unit admission, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count were significantly correlated with different genera in the two groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between Klebsiella and white blood cell count in two groups. The respiratory tract microbiome had significant differences in COVID‐19 patients with different severity. The value of the respiratory tract microbiome as predictive biomarkers for COVID‐19 severity deserves further exploration.
Influence of endurance sports on atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes
Authors: Liu Michael B. , Lee Justin Z. , Klooster Lindsay , Buckner Petty Skye A. , Scott Luis R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation in athletes.MethodsWe retrospectively identified endurance athletes who underwent catheter ablation at our institution (2004–2018). Endurance athletes were defined as participating in competitive athletics for at least 1500 lifetime hours in sports at the IB or IIA Bethesda classification or higher. Primary endpoints were freedom from atrial arrhythmias at 12, 24, and 36 months after the procedure. Secondary endpoints were defined as qualitative improvement in symptoms allowing athletes to return to their previous level of activity. Athletes were compared with a control group of nonathletes in a 3‐to‐1 matched analysis by age and sex.ResultsA total of 39 endurance athletes who underwent catheter ablation were identified during the study period. At 12 months, there was no difference in treatment outcomes for athletes versus nonathletes (relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.92–1.22; p = .40). Freedom from atrial arrhythmias was 35% less likely in athletes than nonathletes at 24 months (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.83; p < .001) and 42% less likely at 36 months (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41–0.79; p < .001). Overall, 77% of the athletes were able to return to their previous level of activity following catheter ablation.ConclusionEndurance athletes with atrial fibrillation appear to have higher rates of atrial arrhythmia recurrence than nonathletes after catheter ablation, with higher rates of atypical flutter. The majority of athletes were able to return to their previous level of activity after ablation.
Swallowing safety of oral liquid medications: assessment using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative framework
Authors: Steadman Kathryn J. , Weng Min‐Tz , Malouh Marwa A. , Symons Keli , Cichero Julie A. Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterises commercially available oral liquid medications in terms of thickness and textural suitability for safe swallowing by patients with dysphagia for inclusion in the fourth edition of Don't Rush to Crush (DRTC), published by the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia.AimThis study had two aims. The first was to use the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) testing methods to evaluate and document the thickness and textural properties of commercially available liquid medications in Australia to be included in the fourth edition of DRTC. The second aim was to determine the volume of oral liquids that could be mixed into medication lubricants while maintaining the lubricant's IDDSI classification.MethodsA total of 121 different oral liquid medications were assessed for flow through a syringe and consistency on a fork according to the IDDSI framework to classify them as Level 0 (Thin), Level 1 (Slightly Thick), Level 2 (Mildly Thick), Level 3 (Moderately Thick), or Level 4 (Extremely Thick).ResultsThe 121 liquid medications were classified as Level 0 (n = 47, 39%), Level 1 (n = 20, 16%) or Level 2 (n = 54, 45%). Although 18 (15%) of the liquids appeared to be thicker than Level 2 according to the IDDSI flow test, the fork drip test clearly identified them as thinner than Level 3. We considered thickening low‐volume doses using an IDDSI Level 4 medication lubricant; for 97% (n = 112) of 115 oral liquid medications it was possible to incorporate 2.5 mL within two pumps (10 g) of Gloup Forte (vanilla flavour) and retain the IDDSI Level 4 classification.ConclusionCommercially available oral liquids are classified as IDDSI Level 0, 1, or 2. While they present no problem to healthy people, most patients with dysphagia are unlikely to safely swallow these fluids. Evaluation of the swallowing function of dysphagic patients prior to use of oral medications is essential.
Competitive adsorption ability of aniline and pentachlorophenol with organoclay catalysts
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Lung , Ho Chin‐Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, incorporated hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) cations to smectite via ion exchange and formed the modified smectite‐HDTMA, a kind of organoclay catalyst. Besides analyzing its physical properties, we also adopted it to conduct adsorption experiments on organic pollutants such as aniline and pentachlorophenol (PCP). In terms of the adsorption of organic pollutants, adsorption reaction reached the saturation point within 2 h and remained unchanged after reaching 8 h when smectite‐HDTMA with a pH value of 7 was used to bind aniline. Moreover, adsorption reaction reached the saturation point within 2 h and remained unchanged after reaching 24 h when smectite‐HDTMA with a pH value of 7 was used to bind PCP. This study also found that high adsorption efficiency of smectite‐HDTMA towards aniline could be achieved; there was a slow but steady increase in the adsorption capacity of smectite‐HDTMA when its equilibrium concentration reached 100 mg/L. Besides, batch adsorption experiments using two solvents showed that smectite‐HDTMA mainly bound aniline and PCP via distribution, meaning that the adsorption capacity of the smectite‐HDTMA remains the same no matter how many kinds of organic compounds are presented and that competitive adsorption does not occur.
Effects of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on oral carcinoma and leukoplakia cells
Authors: Le Mina N. , Wuertz Beverly R. , Biel Merrill A. , Thompson Rachel L. , Ondrey Frank G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveMethylene blue (MB) is a readily available and affordable substrate that can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The objective of this study was to determine if PDT with MB can downregulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) related to oral carcinoma.MethodsCell cultures of oral squamous cell carcinoma (CA‐9‐22), oral leukoplakia (MSK‐Leuk1), and immortalized keratinocytes (Rhek‐1A) were photosensitized with MB and treated with PDT. MMP‐9 gene expression was interrogated via qRT‐PCR. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to confirm the efficacy of MB PDT.ResultsMMP‐9 gene expression was found to be significantly decreased in oral carcinoma, leukoplakia, and immortalized keratinocytes with use of MB PDT.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that MB‐mediated PDT can downregulate MMPs which are critical to the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer. These results suggest that MB PDT could be a clinically significant and cost‐effective treatment for oral leukoplakia and carcinoma.Level of EvidenceNA
MXene Saturable Absorbers in Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser
Authors: Lau Kuen Yao , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeing a new class of two dimensional (2D) metal carbides, borides, and nitrides, MXenes comprise one of the largest families of 2D nanomaterials that provide huge possibilities in photonics, electronics, and energy, Particularly, MXenes are discovered recently as alternatives to conventional saturable absorbers (SAs), such as carbon nanotube and graphene, which are used for short laser pulse generation. The high saturable absorption, astounding modulation depth, flexible bandgap tunability, and high electron density near Fermi level are the main features that make MXenes excellent candidate materials for SAs. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development on synthesis and characterization of the MXene, with focus on the nonlinear saturable absorption and the application of the MXene SA in mode‐locked fiber lasers. The emerging issues and challenges associated with MXene based SAs, as well as future perspectives of the reviewed topic are also discussed.
NIR Photothermal‐Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane with Protein‐Inspired Aggregated Chymotrypsin‐Sensitive Degradable Domains
Authors: Yang Ruibo , Liu Wenkai , Song Nijia , Li Xin , Li Zhen , Luo Feng , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiodegradable shape memory polymers are promising biomaterials for stents used in minimally invasive surgical procedures such as intestinal stents. Herein, a series of biodegradable shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) containing a novel phenylalanine‐derived chain extender (PHP) are synthesized. Inspired by the fact that the function of biomacromolecules such as proteins is rich and varied because of the multiple combinations of the amino acid in highly evolved biosystems, this study finds that the sequence distribution of PHP in SMPU will also have a great influence on the phase structure and degradation behavior, especially the difference of surface morphology caused by degradation. Considering that the transition temperature (Ttrans) of SMPU obtained is higher than physiological temperature, oxidized carbon black (OCB) with the ability of photothermal conversion is introduced into SMPU, which can not only endow SMPU with near‐infrared response shape recovery characteristics, but also enhance phase separation degree and mechanical properties of them. SMPU/OCB composites show excellent shape memory effect and rapid photothermal response, and they can be degraded by chymotrypsin with an adjustable degradation rate. These SMPU/OCB composites show broad potential for application as intestinal stents.
Black Crappie Influences on Walleye Natural Recruitment in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Broda Steven P. , Feiner Zachary S. , Mrnak Joseph T. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Sass Greg G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Walleye Sander vitreus natural recruitment has declined in northern Wisconsin lakes over time. Several factors have been implicated to explain Walleye natural recruitment declines in Wisconsin, including climate change, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides interactions, less desirable fish communities, production overharvest, and depensatory effects on recruit survival. Previous research in other systems has suggested that White Crappie Pomoxis annularis negatively influence Walleye recruitment, but interactions between Walleye recruitment and Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus have not been examined. We evaluated trends between Black Crappie and age-0 Walleye relative abundance (catch per effort [CPE]) collected in northern Wisconsin during 1991–2017. Specifically, we tested for (1) trends in age-0 Walleye and Black Crappie CPE over time, (2) a relationship between age-0 Walleye and Black Crappie CPE, and (3) the influence of several abiotic and biotic covariates (including Black Crappie CPE) on age-0 Walleye recruitment. Age-0 Walleye CPE declined and Black Crappie CPE increased significantly during 1991–2017. Within lakes, the relationship between age-0 Walleye and Black Crappie CPE showed a threshold effect such that age-0 Walleye CPE was always low when Black Crappie CPE was high. Of the abiotic and biotic covariates tested to explain variability in the age-0 Walleye and Black Crappie CPE relationship, only Black Crappie CPE was significant. Our results suggest that Black Crappie may negatively influence Walleye natural recruitment; however, we caution that our findings only reveal a pattern and not a mechanistic explanation for negative interactions between the species. Additional research is needed to test for mechanistic interactions between Walleye and Black Crappie and to inform comanagement of these species.
A robust finite element‐finite volume strategy for viscosity‐dominated hydraulic fracture propagation using an asymptotic tip enrichment
Authors: Jin Tao , White Joshua A. , Settgast Randolph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFluid‐driven fracture propagation is widely observed in various geological processes and crucial to many applications of geological engineering. Developing robust and accurate numerical strategies has significance in advancing the scientific understanding and engineering applications related with fluid‐driven fracture propagation. We present a finite element‐finite volume strategy using asymptotic fracture tip enrichment to model the fluid‐driven fracture propagation in three‐dimensional Cartesian meshes under the viscosity‐dominated regime, in which the fluid viscosity‐related process is the dominant energy dissipation mechanism. We use the finite element method to discretize the balance of linear momentum equation for the deformed solid and the finite volume method to discretize the Reynolds equation that governs the fluid flow. In order to track the evolving fracture front in heterogeneous media, we extend the implicit level set approach originally proposed for the displacement discontinuity method. Through this process, a signed distance‐based fracture propagation criterion naturally emerges and is suitable for the viscosity‐dominated regime when solid toughness becomes irrelevant. Critically, we enrich the fluid volume treatment near the fracture front using the tip asymptotic solution. This enrichment strategy is crucial to overcome the mesh nonconformity caused by the arbitrary intersections between propagating fracture front and underlying Cartesian meshes. We compare the numerical results with analytical solutions of the KGD problem and the penny‐shape problem, and illustrate the mesh size and time step‐insensitivity of the numerical results due to the tip enrichment technique. Also, we demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method to model fluid‐driven fracture propagation in various heterogeneous media.
Investigation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in naphthoquinone derivatives by quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Verma Vinay Kumar , Singh Jyoti Bala , Guin Mridula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntramolecular hydrogen‐bonded naphthoquinone derivatives are investigated using both DFT (density functional theory) and MP2 (Møller–Plesset perturbation theory) method. Three different sets of naphthoquinone derivatives, each set consisting of syn and anti conformers with respect to the substitution by (–OH/–NH2) at peri and para position of the ring, are considered for investigation. In all cases, the syn conformer is found to be energetically more stable compared with the anti conformer. However, the hydrogen bond strength of the anti conformer is found to be more as obtained from NBO (natural bond orbital) analysis and QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) theory. The O···H–O interactions are associated with covalent character while O···H–N interactions are noncovalent in nature. The NCI (noncovalent interaction) isosurface clearly indicates the formation of O···H–O and O···H–N intramolecular hydrogen bond. The energy partition analysis indicates electrostatic interaction as the dominant force in stabilizing these systems. The aromaticity calculation by HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) index and Bird index indicate the syn conformer with higher aromaticity compared to the anti conformer. The overall stability of the syn conformers is thus dominated by the aromatic stabilization energy instead of hydrogen bonding energy. The global reactivity descriptors further support the higher stability of the syn conformers according to maximum hardness principle (MHP) and minimum electrophilicity principle (MEP).
SNC‐TIRS: Label‐Free Single Nanoparticle Characterization System Based on Total Internal Reflection Scattering Signal
Authors: Tyagi Arti , Singh Shefali , Pandey Vikas , Kumar Sachin , Mallik Prabhat Singh , Elangovan Ravikrishnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanoparticles are used in various biomedical applications like in vitro diagnostics, imaging, drug delivery, and other therapeutic uses. The performance of such applications requires accurate knowledge of size distribution that needs precise characterization techniques. In this study, a single‐nanoparticle characterization system based on the total internal reflected scattering signal (SNC‐TIRS) is demonstrated for the size estimation of synthetic nanoparticles and exosomes. A compact waveguide‐based evanescent field illumination is used to convert a digital microscope into a nanoparticle characterization system based on scattering signals from diffusing nanoparticles in Brownian motion. By analyzing single‐particle trajectories, the system estimates the hydrodynamic size, average number of particles observed per unit volume, and the distribution of sample heterogeneity. SNC‐TIRS is benchmarked with inorganic nanoparticles and biomaterials in size range of 80–250 nm. Its utility to characterize the size of exosomes isolated from plasma using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is shown. The hydrodynamic size of bare MNPs (123.83 ± 29.19 nm), antibody‐bound‐MNPs (161.33 ± 29.47 nm), and antibody‐exosome‐bound‐MNP conjugates (224.82 ± 25.89) are estimated and the results obtained agree with standard methods such as dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. SNC‐TIRS can enable the label‐free characterization of nanomaterials and clinically relevant biomarkers.