bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Diagnosis and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children
Authors: Palmer Brandon , Wang Marie E. 
Published: January 2022

GUIDELINE TITLEClinical practice guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America: 2021 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in ChildrenRELEASE DATEAugust 5, 2021PRIOR VERSION(S)n/aDEVELOPERPediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) and Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)FUNDING SOURCEPIDS and IDSATARGET POPULATIONChildren with suspected or confirmed acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
Predicting effects of water management on breeding abundance of three wading bird species
Authors: Essian David A. , Paudel Rajendra , Gawlik Dale E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWetland conservation often involves creating hydrological regimes that maximize habitat and resources for wildlife. In the greater Everglades ecosystem in Florida, USA, where wading birds are food‐limited in some years, models predicting the influence of hydropatterns on foraging habitat availability are used to guide the management of water levels for wading bird nesting populations. These models are useful but do not consider that nesting wading birds are central place foragers, and thus resource availability is a colony‐level measure. We examined long‐term nest abundance patterns of the great egret (Ardea alba), snowy egret (Egretta thula), and white ibis (Eudocimus albus) to determine effects of hydropatterns on wading bird nest abundance in a 400‐km2 littoral marsh in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. We developed 2 sets of statistical models for each species: 1 examining variation in nest abundance (1977–1992, 2006–2019) and 1 predicting colony‐level nest abundance (2006–2019). Models of nest abundance predicted that great egret nesting will peak when March–April lake stage is 4.3–4.5 m, coinciding with the peak in area of available foraging habitat. Neither recession rate nor stage explained total snowy egret or white ibis nest abundance, though snowy egret nest abundance has increased since the 1990s, when the water management schedule favored higher lake stages for longer duration. For all species, colony‐level models predicted that nesting increased with increased habitat availability, faster water‐level recession rates, and greater number of days dry in the previous 2 years at nest sites. When applied to simulated hydrological data representing changes to water‐level regulations in Lake Okeechobee, our models predicted that management regimes allowing extreme flooding (stage > 5.18 m) in <220 days per 5.0 years and Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana) recruitment (stage < 3.9 m) >3.0 years per 5.0 years resulted in the highest nest abundance for snowy egret and white ibis. Snowy egret and white ibis nesting decreased by 575 nests/year and 465 nests/year, respectively, when regulation schedules increased the management envelope by 0.46 m, whereas great egret nest abundance increased modestly (149 nests/year). Operational rules that allow intermediate drought disturbance in dry years and prioritize increased habitat availability at short‐hydroperiod colonies in wet years should result in overall benefits to the wading bird community at Lake Okeechobee.
Recent Advances in Synthetic and Natural Biomaterials‐Based Therapy for Bone Defects
Authors: Alvarez Echazú María I. , Perna Oriana , Olivetti Christian E. , Antezana Pablo E. , Municoy Sofia , Tuttolomondo María V. , Galdopórpora Juan M. , Alvarez Gisela S. , Olmedo Daniel G. , Desimone Martín F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSynthetic and natural biomaterials are a promising alternative for the treatment of critical‐sized bone defects. Several parameters such as their porosity, surface, and mechanical properties are extensively pointed out as key points to recapitulate the bone microenvironment. Many biomaterials with this pursuit are employed to provide a matrix, which can supply the specific environment and architecture for an adequate bone growth. Nevertheless, some queries remain unanswered. This review discusses the recent advances achieved by some synthetic and natural biomaterials to mimic the native structure of bone and the manufacturing technology applied to obtain biomaterial candidates. The focus of this review is placed in the recent advances in the development of biomaterial‐based therapy for bone defects in different types of bone. In this context, this review gives an overview of the potentialities of synthetic and natural biomaterials: polyurethanes, polyesters, hyaluronic acid, collagen, titanium, and silica as successful candidates for the treatment of bone defects.
Roles of Sb addition on the corrosion resistance of the low‐alloy steel in a real tropical marine atmosphere
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Niyun , Chai Peilin , Zhu Lili , Huang Shiyu , Yang Ying , Zhao Bo , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behaviors of Sb‐free and Sb‐added low‐alloy structural steels were comparatively studied in a real tropical marine atmosphere. And the role of Sb addition on corrosion resistance was clarified by electrochemical measurement and rust analysis. The results showed that the addition of 0.05% Sb increased the polarization resistance, reduced the cathodic current density, and slowed down the oxygen reduction process. Meanwhile, Sb addition optimized the physical structure, promoted the transformation of phase, and improved the protection of the rust. More importantly, 0.05% Sb addition inhibited the local acidification at the bottom of the pits, thus slowing down the local corrosion process at the rust/matrix interface. Accordingly, the corrosion resistance of the Sb‐added low‐alloy steel was enhanced, causing a lower corrosion rate than that of Sb‐free steel in a tropical marine atmosphere.
Ionic Liquid Driven Enhancement in the Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Poly(methyl‐methacrylate)‐Based Composite Materials Filled with Hybrid Silver‐Coated Glass Microfibers
Authors: Retailleau Clémence , Alaa‐Eddine Jalal , Ndagijimana Fabien , Alcouffe Pierre , Cavetier Laurent , Fumagalli Matthieu , Bounor‐Legaré Véronique , Serghei Anatoli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electromagnetic interface shielding properties of poly(methyl‐methacrylate) based composite materials filled with hybrid silver‐coated glass microfibers are investigated between 100 kHz and 1 GHz using the coaxial cell method. The incorporation of the ionic liquid EMPy‐TFSI (1‐ethyl‐4‐methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)) into the composite material leads to a substantial decrease in the percolation threshold and to an enhancement in the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness by more than 60 dB. The addition of EMPy‐TFSI, selected for its excellent compatibility with the polymer matrix, allows one to obtain composite materials with shielding effectiveness values up to 116 dB, as compared to a maximum value of 43 dB obtained in the absence of the ionic liquid. This enhancement effect is explained by the interactions between the ionic liquid, the polymer matrix and the silver‐coated microfibers that lead to a more efficient percolation network. The use of ionic liquids can represent thus a powerful approach to develop functional composite materials with enhanced interference shielding properties.
Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur with Natural Rosin to Prepare High Sulfur Content Polymers with Excellent Solubility and UV‐Blocking Performance
Authors: Qiu Jinhui , Huang Zhengyu , Huang Baotao , Wang Guan , Zhou Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInverse vulcanization of cheap elemental sulfur (S) to prepare polymers that simultaneously possess high sulfur content and good solubility is still in its infancy. In this paper, the authors report the synthesis of a novel S‐rosin (Ro) copolymer (Sx‐Ro) based on the inverse vulcanization of S with natural Ro. The sulfur content of Sx‐Ro can be regulated in a wide range, while Sx‐Ro still presents excellent solubility in low boiling point solvents at high sulfur content. Even if the sulfur content in Sx‐Ro is as high as 50%, its solubility in tetrahydrofuran (THF) can still reach 26 mg mL−1. Moreover, the Sx‐Ro exhibits excellent ultraviolet (UV) absorption capability in the entire UV region (200–400 nm) and can be utilized as an effective anti‐UV agent to enhance the UV‐blocking performance of other polymers (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA] and polystyrene [PS]) without compromise of transparency and thermal stability. Considering the fine solubility and superior UV‐blocking properties of Sx‐Ro, this work not only provides a versatile and effective anti‐UV material but also opens new opportunities for value‐added utilization of abundant S and Ro resources.
Antimicrobial peptides, conventional antibiotics, and their synergistic utility for the treatment of drug‐resistant infections
Authors: Zhu Yiyun , Hao Weijing , Wang Xia , Ouyang Jianhong , Deng Xinyi , Yu Haining , Wang Yipeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), are important effector immune defense molecules in multicellular organisms. AMPs exert their antimicrobial activities through several mechanisms; thus far, induction of drug resistance through AMPs has been regarded as unlikely. Therefore, they have great potential as new generation antimicrobial agents. To date, more than 30 AMP‐related drugs are in the clinical trial phase. In recent years, studies show that some AMPs and conventional antibiotics have synergistic effects. The combined use of AMPs and antibiotics can kill drug‐resistant pathogens, prevent drug resistance, and significantly improve the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the progress in synergistic studies on AMPs and conventional antibiotics. An overview of the current understanding of the functional scope of AMPs, ongoing clinical trials, and challenges in the development processes are also presented.
Prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems in Saudi general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alzahrani Faris , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Abu Sabah Abdulelah , Zarbah Abdulmajid , Abu Sabah Saeed , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis generates evidence of the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) related to the pandemic among the Saudi general population. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed in the respective databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), from 22 July to 17 August 2021, and identified a total of 220 articles. Adhering to the inclusion criteria (i.e., original research concerning the prevalence and/or associated factors of depression and/or anxiety and/or stress disorders among the general Saudi population, published in English peer‐reviewed journals), 15 studies were included in this review which consisted of a total of 262,656 participants. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 38%, I2 = 99.58%), 20% (95% CI: 16% to 24%, I2 = 99.32%), and 29% (95% CI: 11% to 47%, I2 = 99.76%), respectively. Risk factors of mental health problems were found to be female sex, younger age group, single/divorced marital status, lower education, lower income, non‐Saudis, unemployment status, students, being in a small family and living with elderly of the sociodemographic factors. Smokers, less physical activities, lower resilience, reduced immune status, chronic health problems, and psychiatric illness history were associated with a higher degree of mental health problems. In addition, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related risk factors of mental illness included lack of knowledge, fear, worry and concern, family member or friends’ infection or death, lockdown restrictions, quarantine, confirmed or suspected of COVID‐19 infection, and even pandemic effects. In conclusion, appropriate mental health preventive approaches for the Saudi general people are highly needed, where this review can be worthy of help by providing in detailed information to the respective authorities.
Synthesis of a daptomycin thiolactone analogue via the MeDbz‐linker‐based cyclative‐cleavage approach
Authors: Cheung Carina Hey Pui , Chow Hoi Yee , Li Can , Blasco Pilar , Chen Kaichao , Chen Sheng , Li Xuechen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of a daptomycin thiolactone analogue via the MeDbz‐linker based on resin self‐cleaving macrocyclization pathway. A detailed investigation of the reaction conditions is reported, including the variation of the cyclization buffer, temperature, concentration, and reaction time. Severe hydrolysis was observed under most of the conditions screened, presumably due to the low reactivity of (2R,3R)‐β‐methylcysteine (thioThr) used. Eventually, pyridine/acetic acid buffer was identified as the most viable solvent system to afford the hydrolysis‐free product. We perceive that this optimized protocol will enable the synthesis of other challenging thiolactone peptides, possibly those involving thioThr or penicillamine.
Target site mutations underlying insecticide resistance in Tunisian populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on peach orchards and potato crops
Authors: Hlaoui Amen , Chiesa Olga , Figueroa Christian C , Souissi Rebha , Mazzoni Emanuele , Boukhris‐Bouhachem Sonia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe massive use of synthetic insecticides strongly affects the level of insecticide resistance in populations of Myzus persicae worldwide. The selection of target site insensitivity‐mutations is particularly worrying in areas where agro‐industrial crops are vulnerable to the attacks of aphids that vector viruses, as in the case of Tunisia. Knowledge of the resistance mechanisms evolved locally in this aphid pest is a prerequisite to improving and retaining the sustainability of integrated pest management strategies.RESULTSTarget site mutations were surveyed in several populations of M. persicae collected from peach and potato crops between 2011 and 2017 in three Tunisian regions using real‐time allele‐specific PCR. The L1014F mutation (kdr locus) was found at a moderate frequency mostly in the heterozygous state and the homozygous resistant genotype was very uncommon. The M918T mutation (super‐kdr locus) was present in a few heterozygous individuals, whereas the M918L mutation was detected for the first time in Tunisia and extreme North Africa. This latter mutation was shown to be widespread and well‐established in Tunisia mainly as homozygous individuals, and was more abundant on peach than on potato crops. The S431F mutation (MACE) was found in a few heterozygous individuals. No individuals carrying the R81T mutation linked to neonicotinoid resistance were detected.CONCLUSIONThis study points out a critical situation for the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides to control M. persicae populations in Tunisia. It also confirms the rapid spread of the M918L mutation which has been detected in many different areas of the Mediterranean basin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Experimental investigation on the fatigue design of anchor channels
Authors: Fröhlich Thilo , Lotze Dieter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCast‐in anchor channels subjected to repeated cyclic actions need to be verified against fatigue failure. However, the fatigue behavior of these fasteners has rarely been investigated up to now. Consequently, the fatigue verification is not covered by the provisions of EN 1992‐4 and specific design rules apply for this product. This article gives a brief overview of the current design methods for anchor channels under fatigue loading and addresses its limitations. Results of experimental investigations within a recent research project are presented that focused on the fatigue resistance of fastenings under combined static and fatigue loading. Accompanying strain measurements provide insights about the distribution of cyclic tension loads through the channel profile to the anchors. In addition, tests under pulsating and alternating shear perpendicular to the channel axis were performed to outline the suitability under fatigue relevant shear loads. The test results obtained are discussed with respect to the existing state of knowledge. Finally, recommendations for the fatigue design of anchor channels are given.
Subacute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on histopathological damages, antioxidant activity, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the rat model
Authors: Alipanah Hiva , Kabi Doraghi Hashmieh , Sayadi Mehran , Nematollahi Amene , Soltani Hekmat Ava , Nejati Roghayeh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPF) is an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes. Previous studies have reported the adverse effects of CPF, such as intoxication incidents, endocrine disruption, cardiovascular diseases, as well as histopathological and oxidative damage. The aims of the present study were to elucidate short time subacute toxicity of CPF in male rats. Sprague–Dawley male rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups (n = 8) and received CPF as 3.25 mg/kg body weight (b.w) (Group A), 6.75 mg/kg b.w (Group B), 13.5 mg/kg b.w (Group C), and corn oil (control or Group D) daily via gavage for 15 days. The rats were sacrificed and oxidative damages, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β), and histopathological changes were determined in the lung, liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues as well as plasma. According to our result, administration of CPF caused a significant increase in malondialdehid level and catalase activity while a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in all tissues. In addition, a significant decrease in TNF‐α observed in all tissues and plasma duo to the CPF. Histopathological evaluation of CPF‐treated samples revealed a dose‐dependent tissue toxicity in the liver, heart, lung, and kidney with less sensitivity of testicular and kidney tissues. These results suggest the potential of CPF in inducing oxidative stress at low doses and short duration time with similar trends in different tissues. As well as, due to the effects of CPF on some pro‐inflammatory mediators, more comprehensive studies are recommended.
High-Throughput Analysis of Protein Turnover with Tandem Fluorescent Protein Timers
Authors: Fung Jia Jun , Blöcher-Juárez Karla , Khmelinskii Anton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTandem fluorescent protein timers (tFTs) are versatile reporters of protein dynamics. A tFT consists of two fluorescent proteins with different maturation kinetics and provides a ratiometric readout of protein age, which can be exploited to follow intracellular trafficking, inheritance and turnover of tFT-tagged proteins. Here, we detail a protocol for high-throughput analysis of protein turnover with tFTs in yeast using fluorescence measurements of ordered colony arrays. We describe guidelines on optimization of experimental design with regard to the layout of colony arrays, growth conditions, and instrument choice. Combined with semi-automated genetic crossing using synthetic genetic array (SGA) methodology and high-throughput protein tagging with SWAp-Tag (SWAT) libraries, this approach can be used to compare protein turnover across the proteome and to identify regulators of protein turnover genome-wide.
Synopsis: How Space and Place Matter in the Context of Digital Work
Authors: Roth-Ebner Caroline , Will-Zocholl Mascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe evolution of digital information and communication technologies has had a large impact on the topologies of work. Contrary to popular belief, this does not lead to work becoming placeless. The contributions in this volume reveal that the geographical location and places of work still matter in the globalised and digitised world of work. Places are used more flexibly, and the geographical, political, cultural or knowledge aspects inscribed upon them remain effective.
Post-Newtonian waveforms from spinning scattering amplitudes
Authors: Bautista Yilber Fabian , Siemonsen Nils 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We derive the classical gravitational radiation from an aligned spin binary black hole on closed orbits, using a dictionary built from the 5-point QFT scattering amplitude of two massive particles exchanging and emitting a graviton. We show explicitly the agreement of the transverse-traceless components of the radiative linear metric perturbations — and the corresponding gravitational wave energy flux — at future null infinity, derived from the scattering amplitude and those derived utilizing an effective worldline action in conjunction with multipolar post-Minkowskian matching. At the tree-level, this result holds at leading orders in the black holes’ velocities and up to quadratic order in their spins. At sub-leading order in black holes’ velocities, we demonstrate a matching of the radiation field for quasi-circular orbits in the no-spin limit. At the level of the radiation field, and to leading order in the velocities, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the binary black hole mass and current quadrupole moments, and the scalar and linear-in-spin scattering amplitudes, respectively. Therefore, we show explicitly that waveforms, needed to detect gravitational waves from inspiraling binary black holes, can be derived consistently, to the orders considered, from the classical limit of quantum scattering amplitudes.
N-jettiness in electroweak high-energy processes
Authors: Chay Junegone , Ha Taewook , Kwon Taehyun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study N-jettiness in electroweak processes at extreme high energies, in which the mass of the weak gauge bosons can be regarded as small. The description of the scattering process such as e−e+ → μ−μ+ + X is similar to QCD. The incoming leptons emit initial-state radiation and the resultant particles, highly off-shell, participate in the hard scattering, which are expressed by the beam functions. After the hard scattering, the final- state leptons or leptonic jets are observed, described by the fragmenting jet functions or the jet functions respectively. At present, electroweak processes are prevailed by the processes induced by the strong interaction, but they will be relevant at future e−e+ colliders at high energy. The main difference between QCD and electroweak processes is that the initial- and final-state particles should appear in the form of hadrons, that is, color singlets in QCD, while there can be weak nonsinglets as well in electroweak interactions. We analyze the factorization theorems for the N-jettiness in e−e+ → μ−μ+ + X, and compute the factorized parts to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. To simplify the comparison with QCD, we only consider the SU(2)W gauge interaction, and the extension to the Standard Model is straightforward. Put it in a different way, it corresponds to an imaginary world in which colored particles can be observed in QCD, and the richer structure of effective theories is probed. Various nonzero nonsinglet matrix elements are interwoven to produce the factorized results, in contrast to QCD in which there are only contributions from the singlets. Another distinct feature is that the rapidity divergence is prevalent in the contributions from weak nonsinglets due to the different group theory factors between the real and virtual corrections. We verify that the rapidity divergence cancels in all the contributions with a different number of nonsinglet channels. We also consider the renormalization group evolution of each factorized part to resum large logarithms, which are distinct from QCD.