bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous CE Mass‐Spectra Examination for the Ocean Worlds Life Surveyor
Authors: Mauceri Steffen , Lee Jake , Wronkiewicz Mark , Mandrake Lukas , Doran Gary , Lightholder Jack , Cieslarova Zuzana , Kok Miranda , Mora Maria F. , Noell Aaron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOcean worlds such as Europa and Enceladus are high priority targets in the search for past or extant life beyond Earth. Evidence of life may be preserved in samples of surface ice by processes such as deposition from active plumes, hydrofracturing, or thermal convection. Terrestrial life produces unique distributions of organic molecules that translate into recognizable biosignatures. Identification and quantification of these organic compounds can be achieved by separation science such as capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE‐MS). However, the data generated by such an instrument can be multiple orders of magnitude larger than what can be transmitted back to Earth during an ocean world’s mission. This requires onboard science data analysis capabilities that summarize and prioritize CE‐MS observations with limited computational resources. In response, the autonomous capillary electrophoresis mass‐spectra examination (ACME) onboard science autonomy system was created for application to the ocean world’s life surveyor (OWLS) instrument suite. ACME is able to compress raw mass spectra by two to three orders of magnitude while preserving most of its scientifically relevant information content. This summarization is achieved by the extraction of raw data surrounding autonomously identified ion peaks and the detection and parameterization of unique background regions. Prioritization of the summarized observations is then enabled by providing estimates of scientific utility, including presence of key target compounds, and the uniqueness of an observation relative to previous observations.
Timing of Tectonic and Magmatic Events in the Philippine Sea Plate Since 50 Ma From High‐Resolution Magnetostratigraphy of IODP Site U1438
Authors: Maffione Marco , Morris Antony 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Philippine Sea Plate in the West Pacific is a unique natural laboratory to study subduction dynamics and the evolution of upper plate magmatism following subduction initiation. To investigate these processes, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 351 recovered at Site U1438, located in a rear‐arc position, a complete sedimentary sequence from recent age to the early Eocene and the top of the underlying volcanic basement. The recovered cores offered the opportunity to study for the first time and in unprecedented detail the styles, products, and timing of the volcanic events that marked the emplacement, growth, and demise of the Kyushu‐Palau volcanic arc following the inception of the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana subduction. Here, we report a magnetostratigraphy for Site U1438 based on ∼60,000 remanence directions isolated from 1,063 archive half core sections and 429 discrete specimens. We identified 142 magnetic reversals and correlated 115 of them with the geomagnetic polarity timescale. When combined with additional biostratigraphic and geochronological constraints, our magnetostratigraphy allowed construction of a high‐resolution age model for Site U1438 and the determination of changes in sedimentation rates. We show that following subduction initiation at 52–50 Ma and the emplacement of basalts in the rear‐arc at 48.7 Ma, a diffuse volcanism in the rear‐arc (48.4–45.6 Ma) preceded the true emplacement of the Kyushu‐Palau arc at 40.2 Ma, which then grew through four compositionally distinct eruptive phases until 28.8 Ma. Subsequent rollback of the Pacific slab triggered rifting of the arc (28.8–24.3 Ma) and ultimately back‐arc spreading in the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins.
Jupiter's Sheared Flow Unstable Magnetopause Boundary Observed by Juno
Authors: Ma X. , Delamere P. A. , Schok A. , Wing S. , Johnson J. R. , Liou Yu‐Lun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe interaction between the solar wind and giant magnetospheres (i.e., Jupiter's and Saturn's magnetospheres) is fundamentally important for magnetospheric physics, in which the viscous interaction (presumably driven by the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability) is often expected to play an important role. Previous simulation and theory studies suggested that Jupiter's low‐latitude dawn side flank region is KH unstable due to the large sheared flow between the fast tailward solar wind and magnetospheric sunward corotational flow. The onset of the KH instability can strongly modify the magnetopause boundary layer, which is consistent with the identification of 194 boundary crossings during Juno's first 14 orbits. We applied four different boundary normal analysis methods to illustrate that there is always a wide range of local normal directions, suggesting Jupiter's dawn‐side flank region is often highly perturbed. The distribution of local normal directions is insensitive to the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure, Juno's inward/outward boundary crossing direction, and the location along the z direction of the boundary crossing. We also used a 2‐D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to demonstrate that such a wide distribution can be formed by the KH instability even at the beginning of the nonlinear stage.
In vitro activity of celastrol in combination with thymol against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Abdel-Halim Mahmoud Saad , Askoura Momen , Mansour Basem , Yahya Galal , El-Ganiny Amira M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Klebsiella has developed resistance against antimicrobials including the last resort class; carbapenem. Currently, treatment options for carbapenem-resistant-Klebsiella (CRK) are very limited. This study aims to restore carbapenem effectiveness against CRK using celastrol and thymol. Clinical Klebsiella isolates were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk-diffusion method. Carbapenemase-production was tested phenotypically and genotypically. Celastrol and thymol-MICs were determined and the carbapenemase-inhibitory effect of sub-MICs was investigated. Among 85 clinical Klebsiella isolates, 72 were multi-drug-resistant and 43 were meropenem-resistant. Phenotypically, 39 isolates were carbapenemase-producer. Genotypically, blaNDM1 was detected in 35 isolates, blaVIM in 17 isolates, blaOXA in 18 isolates, and blaKPC was detected only in 6 isolates. Celastrol showed significant inhibitory effect against carbapenemase-hydrolytic activity. Meropenem-MIC did not decrease in presence of celastrol, only 2-fold decrease was observed with thymol, while 4–64 fold decrease was observed when meropenem was combined with both celastrol and thymol. Furthermore, thymol increased CRK cell wall-permeability. Molecular docking revealed that celastrol is superior to thymol for binding to KPC and VIM-carbapenemase. Our study showed that celastrol is a promising inhibitor of multiple carbapenemases. While meropenem-MIC were not affected by celastrol alone and decreased by only 2-folds with thymol, it decreased by 4–64 folds in presence of both celastrol and thymol. Thymol increases the permeability of CRK-envelope to celastrol. The triple combination (meropenem/celastrol/thymol) could be useful for developing more safe and effective analogues to restore the activity of meropenem and other β-lactams.
Predicting and preventing COVID-19 outbreaks in indoor environments: an agent-based modeling study
Authors: Reveil Mardochee , Chen Yao-Hsuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19 in indoor environments remains an important research question. In this study, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to evaluate facility usage policies that aim to lower the probability of outbreaks. The proposed framework is individual-based, spatially-resolved with time resolution of up to 1 s, and takes into detailed account specific floor layouts, occupant schedules and movement. It enables decision makers to compute realistic contact networks and generate risk profiles of their facilities without relying on wearable devices, smartphone tagging or surveillance cameras. Our demonstrative modeling results indicate that not all facility occupants present the same risk of starting an outbreak, where the driver of outbreaks varies with facility layouts as well as individual occupant schedules. Therefore, generic mitigation strategies applied across all facilities should be considered inferior to tailored policies that take into account individual characteristics of the facilities of interest. The proposed modeling framework, implemented in Python and now available to the public in an open-source platform, enables such strategy evaluation.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays causal role in probability weighting during risky choice
Authors: Panidi Ksenia , Vorobiova Alicia Nunez , Feurra Matteo , Klucharev Vasily 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we provide causal evidence that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) supports the computation of subjective value in choices under risk via its involvement in probability weighting. Following offline continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) of the DLPFC subjects (N = 30, mean age 23.6, 56% females) completed a computerized task consisting of 96 binary lottery choice questions presented in random order. Using the hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach, we then estimated the structural parameters of risk preferences (the degree of risk aversion and the curvature of the probability weighting function) and analyzed the obtained posterior distributions to determine the effect of stimulation on model parameters. On a behavioral level, temporary downregulation of the left DLPFC excitability through cTBS decreased the likelihood of choosing an option with higher expected reward while the probability of choosing a riskier lottery did not significantly change. Modeling the stimulation effects on risk preference parameters showed anecdotal evidence as assessed by Bayes factors that probability weighting parameter increased after the left DLPFC TMS compared to sham.
Genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus in a Canadian cystic fibrosis centre
Authors: Waglechner Nicholas , Tullis Elizabeth , Stephenson Anne L. , Waters Valerie , McIntosh Fiona , Ma Jennifer , Jamieson Frances B. , Behr Marcel A. , Batt Jane , Lee Robyn S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Mycobacterium abscessus complex causes significant morbidity and mortality among patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). It has been hypothesized that these organisms are transmitted from patient to patient based on genomics. However, few studies incorporate epidemiologic data to confirm this hypothesis. We longitudinally sampled 27 CF and 7 non-CF patients attending a metropolitan hospital in Ontario, Canada from 2013 to 2018. Whole genome sequencing along with epidemiological data was used to evaluate the likelihood of transmission. Overall, the genetic diversity of M. abscessus was large, with a median pairwise distance (IQR) of 1,279 (143–134) SNVs between all Ontario M. abscessus isolates and 2,908 (21–3,204) single nucleotide variants (SNVs) between M. massiliense isolates. This reflects the global diversity of this pathogen, with Ontario isolates widely dispersed throughout global phylogenetic trees of each subspecies. Using a maximum distance of 25 SNVs as a threshold to identify possible transmission, we identified 23 (of 276 total) pairs of closely-related isolates. However, transmission was probable for only one pair based on both genomic and epidemiological data. This suggests that person-to-person transmission of M. abscessus among CF patients is indeed rare and reinforces the critical importance of epidemiological data for inferences of transmission.
Possible alleviation of symptoms and side effects through clinicians’ nocebo information and empathy in an experimental video vignette study
Authors: Meijers M. C. , Stouthard J. , Evers A. W. M. , Das E. , Drooger H. J. , Jansen S. J. A. J. , Francke A. L. , Plum N. , van der Wall E. , Nestoriuc Y. , Dusseldorp E. , van Vliet L. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo alleviate anti-cancer treatment burden in advanced breast cancer, patient-clinician communication strategies based on nocebo-effect mechanisms are promising. We assessed distinct/combined effects on psychological outcomes (e.g. anxiety; main outcome) and side-effect expectations of (1) nocebo information about the (non)pharmacological origin of side effects, and (2) clinician-expressed empathy through reassurance of continuing support. Furthermore, we explored whether information and empathy effects on side-effect expectations were mediated by decreased anxiety. In a two-by-two experimental video-vignette design, 160 cancer patients/survivors and healthy women watched one of four videos differing in level of nocebo information (±) and empathy (±). Regression and mediation analysis were used to determine effects of information/empathy and explore anxiety’s mediating role. Anxiety was not influenced by empathy or information (Stai-state: p = 0.281; p = 0.410, VAS p = 0.387; p = 0.838). Information improved (specific) side-effect coping expectations (p < 0.01). Empathy improved side-effect intensity expectations (p < 0.01 = specific; p < 0.05 = non-specific/partial) and specific side-effect probability expectations (p < 0.01), and increased satisfaction, trust, and self-efficacy (p < 0.001). No mediating effects were found of anxiety on expectations. Mainly empathy, but also nocebo information improved psychological outcomes and—mainly specific—side-effect expectations. Exploring the power of these communication elements in clinical practice is essential to diminish the anti-cancer treatment burden in advanced breast cancer.
Optimisation of geometric aspect ratio of thin film transistors for low-cost flexible CMOS inverters and its practical implementation
Authors: van Fraassen N. C. A. , Niang K. M. , Parish J. D. , Johnson A. L. , Flewitt A. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA low-cost, flexible processor is essential to realise affordable flexible electronic systems and transform everyday objects into smart-objects. Thin film transistors (TFTs) based on metal-oxides (or organics) are ideal candidates as they can be manufactured at low processing temperatures and low-cost per unit area, unlike traditional silicon devices. The development of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology based on these materials remains challenging due to differences in performance between n- and p-type TFTs. Existing geometric rules typically compensate the lower mobility of the metal-oxide p-type TFT by scaling up the width-to-length (W/L) ratio but fail to take into account the significant off-state leakage current. Here we propose the concept of an optimal geometric aspect ratio which maximises the inverter efficiency represented by the average switching current divided by the static currents. This universal method is especially useful for the design of low-power CMOS inverters based on metal-oxides, where the large off-current of the p-type TFT dominates the static power consumption of the inverter. We model the inverter efficiency and noise margins of metal-oxide CMOS inverters with different geometric aspect ratios and compare the performance to different inverter configurations. The modelling results are verified experimentally by fabricating CMOS inverter configurations consisting of n-type indium-silicon-oxide (ISO) TFTs and p-type tin monoxide (SnO) TFTs. Notably, our results show that reducingW/Lof metal-oxide p-type TFTs increases the inverter efficiency while reducing the area compared to simply scaling upW/Linversely with mobility. We anticipate this work provides a straightforward method to geometrically optimise flexible CMOS inverters, which will remain relevant even as the performance of TFTs continues to evolve.
Signals of local bioclimate-driven ecomorphological changes in wild birds
Authors: Mahendiran Mylswamy , Parthiban Mylswamy , Azeez Parappurath Abdul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcross disciplines—biological, ecological, evolutionary, or environmental—researchers increasingly recognize the importance and the need for cost-effective, non-invasive techniques for in-situ morphological measurements of organisms in diverse research contexts. By applying a non-invasive technique using digital images taken under field conditions, we successfully measured the body sizes of wild Painted Storks (Mycteria leucocephala) in two different biogeographic regions of India, spatially separated by 20° of latitude. We have used the wild Painted Storks as model species for measuring their morphometrics using a non-invasive technique that could easily be applied to similar species, rare, endemic, colonial, aquatic, and even those with cultural taboos. Our results satisfactorily classify and predict the sexes of the species and their biogeographic origin based on independent morphological variables using Machine Learning algorithms. The BayesNet yielded the correct classification instances (Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) = 0.985), outperforming all the other tested classifying algorithms. A strong relationship was observed between the local bioclimatic conditions and the morphological variations in wild Painted Storks reflecting clear eco-geographic patterns. Without this non-invasive technique, it would be almost impossible to collect morphological measurements at a large scale from live birds under field conditions. Our study is a testimony to the effectual use of the non-invasive digital method for in-situ measurements from free-living wild species in the field, assuming significance, especially from climate change perspectives, biology, ecology, and conservation.
Correlated stochastic epidemic model for the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 with vaccination
Authors: Khan Tahir , Ullah Roman , Alwan Basem Al , El-Khatib Youssef , Zaman Gul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a mathematical model to describe the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with correlated sources of randomness and with vaccination. The total human population is divided into three groups susceptible, infected, and recovered. Each population group of the model is assumed to be subject to various types of randomness. We develop the correlated stochastic model by considering correlated Brownian motions for the population groups. As the environmental reservoir plays a weighty role in the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, our model encompasses a fourth stochastic differential equation representing the reservoir. Moreover, the vaccination of susceptible is also considered. Once the correlated stochastic model, the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution are discussed to show the problem’s feasibility. The SARS-CoV-2 extinction, as well as persistency, are also examined, and sufficient conditions resulted from our investigation. The theoretical results are supported through numerical/graphical findings.
Common variants in GNL3 gene contributed the susceptibility of hand osteoarthritis in Han Chinese population
Authors: Wang Xi , Xiao Lin , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhi Liqiang , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most popular degenerative joint diseases. The nucleolar GTP binding protein 3 (GNL3) gene encodes guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3, which is related in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. Our study aimed to examine the contribution of GNL3 gene polymorphisms to the risk of hand OA and its related clinical features. A total of 3387 study participants including 1160 patients with hand OA and 2227 controls were recruited in this study. Eleven SNPs in GNL3 gene were selected for genotyping. Genetic association signals were examined using Plink. Relationships between significant SNPs and clinical features of hand OA were also explored. SNP rs11177 was found to be strongly associated with susceptibility of hand OA (P = 4.32 × 10–5). The minor allele of rs11177 was associated with increased susceptibility of hand OA. In addition, significant associations were also identified between genotypes of rs11177 and clinical features of hand OA patients including K-L grade (P < 0.01) and categorized pain scores (P < 0.01). Significant eQTL signals for rs11177 on GNL3 in multiple types of human tissues were also identified in GTEx database. Our results have established the link between GNL3 gene and susceptibility of hand OA.
A novel model forecasting perioperative red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Fu Xiangjie , Xie Xi , Yan Danyang , Wang Yanjie , Huang Wanting , Yao Run , Li Ning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to establish a predictive model assessing perioperative blood transfusion risk using a nomogram. Clinical data for 97,443 surgery patients were abstracted from the DATADRYAD website; approximately 75% of these patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort, while approximately 25% were enrolled in the validation cohort. Multivariate logical regression was used to identify predictive factors for transfusion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curves were used to assess the model performance. In total, 5888 patients received > 1 unit of red blood cells; the total transfusion rate was 6.04%. Eight variables including age, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status Classification (ASA-PS), grade of kidney disease, type of anaesthesia, priority of surgery, surgery risk, and an 18-level variable were included. The nomogram achieved good concordance indices of 0.870 and 0.865 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The Youden index identified an optimal cut-off predicted probability of 0.163 with a sensitivity of 0.821 and a specificity of 0.744. Decision curve (DCA) showed patients had a standardized net benefit in the range of a 5–60% likelihood of transfusion risk. In conclusion, a nomogram model was established to be used for risk stratification of patients undergoing surgery at risk for blood transfusion. The URLs of web calculators for our model are as follows: http://www.empowerstats.net/pmodel/?m=11633_transfusionpreiction.
Surprisingly high prevalence rates of severe psychological distress among consumers who purchase loot boxes in video games
Authors: Drummond Aaron , Hall Lauren C. , Sauer James D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLoot boxes are randomised rewards available in some video games, often purchasable for real-world money. Loot boxes have been likened to conventional forms of gambling and may satisfy legal requirements to be considered bona fide gambling in some jurisdictions. Research has consistently shown that people with problem gambling symptoms report spending more on these mechanisms than people without such symptoms. However, a significant gap in our current understanding is whether engaging with these mechanisms is associated with harm. Here we examine the prevalence rates of severe psychological distress among purchasers of loot boxes relative to non-purchasers. A reanalysis of two cross-sectional surveys collected online via online collection platforms. Participants were 2432 Aotearoa New Zealand, Australian, and United States residents recruited through online survey. Our results show that purchasers of loot boxes are at approximately 1.87 times higher risk of severe psychological distress on a standardised clinical screening tool than people who do not purchase loot boxes. These relative risk rates are not due to gender, age, spending on other video game related purchases, or problem gambling symptoms. Individuals who purchased loot boxes appeared to also have higher risk of severe psychological distress irrespective of demographic characteristics or problem gambling status. Loot boxes appear to be associated with significantly higher risk of experiencing psychological harm even for players without problem gambling symptoms.