bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and unbiased stereology of the lateral superior olive in the short‐beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis (Cetacea, Delphinidae)
Authors: Nieder Carolin , Rosene Douglas L. , Mortazavi Farzad , Oblak Adrian L. , Ketten Darlene R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn all mammals, the superior olivary complex (SOC) comprises a group of auditory brainstem nuclei that are important for sound localization. Its principal nuclei, the lateral superior olive (LSO) and the medial superior olive (MSO) process interaural time and intensity differences, which are the main cues for sound localization in the horizontal plane. Toothed whales (odontocetes) rely heavily on hearing and echolocation for foraging, orientation, and communication and localize sound with great acuity. The investigation of the SOC in odontocetes provides insight into adaptations to underwater hearing and echolocation. However, quantitative anatomical data for odontocetes are currently lacking. We quantified the volume, total neuron number, and neuron density of the LSO of six common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) using the Cavalieri principle and the unbiased stereology optical fractionator. Our results show that the LSO in D. delphis has a volume of 150 + (SD = 27) mm3, which is on average 69 (SEM = 19) times larger than the LSO in human, or 37 (SEM = 11) times larger than the human LSO and MSO combined. The LSO of D. delphis contains 20,876 ± (SD = 3300) neurons. In comparison, data reported for the human brainstem indicate the LSO has only about ¼ that number but about the same number for the LSO and MSO combined (21,100). LSO neurons range from 21 to 25 μm (minor axis) and from 44 to 61 μm (major axis) in transverse sections. The LSO neuron packing density is 1080 ± (SD = 204) neurons/mm3, roughly half of the LSO neuron density in human. SMI‐32‐immunohistochemistry was used to visualize projection neurons in the LSO and revealed the presence of principal, marginal, and multipolar neurons in transverse sections. The distinct morphology of the LSO likely reflects the common dolphin's superb sensitivity to ultra‐high frequencies and ability to detect and analyze sounds and their location as part of its underwater spatial localization and echolocation tasks.
Adaptive modeling powers fast multiparameter fitting of CARS spectra
Authors: Hunt Gregory J. , Ground Cody R. , Cutler Andrew D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoherent anti‐Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) is a laser‐based measurement technique widely applied across many science and engineering disciplines to perform non‐intrusive gas diagnostics. CARS is often used to study combustion, where the measured spectra can be used to simultaneously recover multiple flow parameters from the reacting gas such as temperature and relative species mole fractions. This is typically done by using numerical optimization to find the flow parameters for which a theoretical model of the CARS spectra best matches the actual measurements. The most commonly used theoretical model is the CARSFT spectrum calculator. Unfortunately, this CARSFT spectrum generator is computationally expensive, and using it to recover multiple flow parameters can be prohibitively time‐consuming, especially when experiments have hundreds or thousands of measurements distributed over time or space. To overcome these issues, several methods have been developed to approximate CARSFT using a library of pre‐computed theoretical spectra. In this work, we present a new approach that leverages ideas from the machine learning literature to build an adaptively smoothed kernel‐based approximator. In application on a simulated dual‐pump CARS experiment probing a H2/air flame, we show that the approach can use a small number library spectra to quickly and accurately recover temperature and four gas species' mole fractions. The method's flexibility allows fine‐tuned navigation of the trade‐off between speed and accuracy and makes the approach suitable for a wide range of problems and flow regimes.
Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of chitosan oligosaccharide with different flavonols: structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application
Authors: Yong Huimin , Hu Huixia , Yun Dawei , Jin Changhai , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic catalyzed grafting of oligosaccharides with polyphenols is a safe and environmentally friendly approach to simultaneously enhance the bioactivity of oligosaccharides and the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with three different flavonols including myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE) and kaempferol (KAE) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis. The structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application of COS–flavonol conjugates were investigated.RESULTSThe total phenol content of COS–MYR, COS–QUE and COS–KAE conjugates was 59.89, 68.37 and 53.77 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1, respectively. Thin layer chromatography showed the conjugates did not contain ungrafted flavonols. COS–flavonol conjugates showed ultraviolet absorption peak at about 294 nm, corresponding to the A‐ring of flavonols. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of conjugates confirmed the formation of Schiff‐base and Michael‐addition products. The proton‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of COS–KAE conjugate exhibited phenyl proton signals of KAE. X‐ray diffraction patterns of conjugates showed some diffraction peaks of flavonols. COS–flavonol conjugates presented rough and porous morphologies with sheet‐like and/or blocky structures. The conjugates showed higher water solubility, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than flavonols. Moreover, fish gelatin/COS–flavonol conjugate coatings effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fillets from 5 days to 7–8 days.CONCLUSIONCOS–flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Friction reduction mechanisms of TiN film sliding in graphene aqueous dispersion
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Li Yongjun , Wu Guizhi , Lu Zhibin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe lamellar structure and weak interlayer shear force of graphene endow itself potential application value in lubrication fields, while its lubrication performance has been vastly investigated in various fields. However, there are few studies on the composite tribological performance of graphene and ceramic films. In this study, a solid–liquid lubricating system which TiN film slides in graphene aqueous dispersion is developed, aiming to achieve low friction of the TiN ceramic film in macroscale contact. Two kinds of TiN films were obtained by multi‐arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering respectively. The tribological test show that the friction coefficient of the TiN film drops when adding graphene aqueous dispersion and varies with the concentrations of graphene. The results indicate that the graphene might act in two ways to achieve low friction of TiN film, which are liquid lubricating effect of solvents and the formation of smooth sliding interface promoted by graphene.
Structure, dynamics, and stability of the globular domain of human linker histone H1.0 and the role of positive charges
Authors: Martinsen Jacob H. , Saar Daniel , Fernandes Catarina B. , Schuler Benjamin , Bugge Katrine , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLinker histone H1 (H1) is an abundant chromatin‐binding protein that acts as an epigenetic regulator binding to nucleosomes and altering chromatin structures and dynamics. Nonetheless, the mechanistic details of its function remain poorly understood. Recent work suggest that the number and position of charged side chains on the globular domain (GD) of H1 influence chromatin structure and hence gene repression. Here, we solved the solution structure of the unbound GD of human H1.0, revealing that the structure is almost completely unperturbed by complex formation, except for a loop connecting two antiparallel β‐strands. We further quantified the role of the many positive charges of the GD for its structure and conformational stability through the analysis of 11 charge variants. We find that modulating the number of charges has little effect on the structure, but the stability is affected, resulting in a difference in melting temperature of 26 K between GD of net charge +5 versus +13. This result suggests that the large number of positive charges on H1‐GDs have evolved for function rather than structure and high stability. The stabilization of the GD upon binding to DNA can thus be expected to have a pronounced electrostatic component, a contribution that is amenable to modulation by posttranslational modifications, especially acetylation and phosphorylation.
The effect of sesame, canola, and sesame‐canola oils on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults: a three‐way randomized triple‐blind crossover clinical trial
Authors: Moghtaderi Fatemeh , Amiri Mojgan , Raeisi‐Dehkordi Hamidreza , Zimorovat Alireza , Mohyadini Matin , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLimited data exist on the cardiometabolic effects of sesame oil compared with canola oil. In the present study, 77 overweight adults were randomized to replace their regularly consumed oils with canola (CO), sesame (SO), and sesame‐canola oils (SCO, 40% SO, and 60% CO) in three 9‐week phases. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity index, serum apo‐proteins (APOs) and lipid profile, glycemic control markers, kidney markers, liver enzymes, and cardiovascular disease risk scores were assessed at baseline and endline. After adjustment for confounders, SO significantly reduced serum alkaline aminotransferase (ALT) compared to CO (p ≤ 0.05) in all participants, increased serum urea compared to SCO in males, and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to other oils in males, and improved serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG) compared to SCO, and eGFR compared with CO in females (p ≤ 0.05). Canola oil significantly improved serum Apo A1 and APO B/A ratio compared with SO, in males (p ≤ 0.05). Sesame‐canola oil significantly reduced serum urea compared to other oils in all participants (p ≤ 0.05). Sesame oil and SCO might beneficially affect serum ALT and urea, respectively. Intervention oils might have different cardiometabolic effects in each gender. Further studies are needed to confirm our results (Trial registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6).
Chylothorax found in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Satriano Francesco , Scioscia Giulia , Cagnazzo Maria Grazia , Maci Federica , Refolo Leonida , Fuso Paolo , Gerardi Emanuele , Grasso Diego , Soccio Piera , Lacedonia Donato 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its clinical spectrum ranges from mild to moderate or severe illness. A 78‐year‐old male was presented at emergency department with dyspnoea, dry cough and severe asthenia. The nasopharyngeal swab by real‐time polymerase chain reaction confirmed a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The x‐ray and the thoracic ultrasound revealed right pleural effusion. A diagnostic‐therapeutic thoracentesis drained fluid identified as chylothorax. Subsequently, the patient underwent a chest computed tomography which showed the radiological hallmarks of COVID‐19 and in the following weeks he underwent a chest magnetic resonance imaging to obtain a better view of mediastinal and lymphatic structures, which showed a partial thrombosis affecting the origin of superior vena cava and the distal tract of the right subclavian vein. For this reason, anticoagulant therapy was optimized and in the following weeks the patient was discharged for clinical and radiological improvement. This case demonstrates chylothorax as a possible and uncommon complication of COVID‐19.
Viscoelastic dynamic response of asphalt pavement with imperfect interface bonding base on transfer matrix
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Jiao Yanpeng , Liu Zhi , Xiao Han 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe interface bonding condition between asphalt pavement layers is always imperfect because of the differing material properties of different layers and the limitation of construction techniques. Therefore, designing asphalt pavement by considering the interface to be completely continuous is not precise. The viscoelastic character of the asphalt layer contributes significantly to the performance of asphalt pavement. To explore the influence of the imperfect interface on the viscoelastic dynamic response of asphalt pavement, the Hankel–Laplace transformation was applied to convert the partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations and a transfer matrix was introduced to describe the behavior of the imperfect interface. Based on the boundary condition and integral inverse transformation technique, an analytical solution for the displacement, stress, and strain of the pavement can be obtained. By considering the variation in the interface condition and the viscoelastic characteristics of the asphalt layer, the dynamic response of the pavement was calculated based on a practical example. The results show that the interface condition between the asphalt layer and the base course has a marked influence on the viscoelastic dynamic response of the pavement and that enhancing the strength of this interface can reduce the deflection of the pavement. The series elastic component in the modified Burgers model is another significant factor that affects the calculation results of the pavement dynamic response.
Analyzing Digital Trace Data to Promote Discovery – The Case of Heatmapping
Authors: Mahringer Christian A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBusiness Process Management and Routine Dynamics are two streams of research that both explore process. To this end, Business Process Management has developed a rich array of methods that can be used to analyze digital trace data. Routine Dynamics has put less emphasis on the analysis of digital trace data, but it has advanced a methodological approach that promotes discovery, i.e., the process that actors perform and experience as they develop novel insights. This paper argues that the analysis of digital trace data can promote the process of discovery. It uses heatmapping as a specific example to show how analyzing digital trace data can promote discovery. The paper thus emphasizes a specific way how Business Process Management and Routine Dynamics can fertilize each other.
Flexibility in generating sets of finite groups
Authors: Harper Scott 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet G be a finite group. It has recently been proved that every nontrivial element of G is contained in a generating set of minimal size if and only if all proper quotients of G require fewer generators than G. It is natural to ask which finite groups, in addition, have the property that any two elements of G that do not generate a cyclic group can be extended to a generating set of minimal size. This note answers the question. The only such finite groups are very specific affine groups: elementary abelian groups extended by a cyclic group acting as scalars.
Helicobacter pylori-induced reactive oxygen species direct turnover of CSN-associated STAMBPL1 and augment apoptotic cell death
Authors: Chaithongyot Supattra , Naumann Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeubiquitinylases (DUBs) are central regulators of the ubiquitin system involved in protein regulation and cell signalling and are important for a variety of physiological processes. Most DUBs are cysteine proteases, and few other proteases are metalloproteases of the JAB1/MPN +/MOV34 protease family (JAMM). STAM-binding protein like 1 (STAMBPL1), a member of the JAMM family, cleaves ubiquitin bonds and has a function in regulating cell survival, Tax-mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, the molecular mechanism by which STAMBPL1 influences cell survival is not well defined, especially with regard to its deubiquitinylation function. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by chemotherapeutic agents or the human microbial pathogen Helicobacter pylori can induce cullin 1-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL1) and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation STAMBPL1. Interestingly, STAMBPL1 has a direct interaction with the constitutive photomorphogenic 9 (COP9 or CSN) signalosome subunits CSN5 and CSN6. The interaction with the CSN is required for the stabilisation and function of the STAMBPL1 protein. In addition, STAMBPL1 deubiquitinylates the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin and thus ameliorates cell survival. In summary, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which the deubiquitinylase STAMBPL1 and the E3 ligase CRL1 balance the level of Survivin degradation and thereby determine apoptotic cell death. In response to genotoxic stress, the degradation of STAMBPL1 augments apoptotic cell death. This new mechanism may be useful to develop therapeutic strategies targeting STAMBPL1 in tumours that have high STAMBPL1 and Survivin protein levels.
Predicting household resilience with machine learning: preliminary cross-country tests
Authors: Garbero Alessandra , Letta Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing a unique cross-country sample from 10 impact evaluations of development projects, we test the out-of-sample performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting non-resilient households, where resilience is a subjective metrics defined as the perceived ability to recover from shocks. We report preliminary evidence of the potential of these data-driven techniques to identify the main predictors of household resilience and inform the targeting of resilience-oriented policy interventions.
Future urban heat island influence on precipitation
Authors: Steensen B. M. , Marelle L. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Myhre G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrbanization and global warming are two of the major human impacts on the environment. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect can change precipitation patterns. Global warming also leads to changes in precipitation and especially an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation. With urbanization expected to grow in the future, the role of UHI in a warmer climate is an important research question. We present results from 20-year long regional convection-permitting model simulations that include the UHI effect, run for historical and future climates for two megacities, Paris and Shanghai. In the warmer future climate, urban-induced precipitation is found to decrease compared to the historical climate, for both mean and extreme precipitation, with large uncertainties due to natural variability. The mean precipitation increase due to UHI in Paris is 2.2± 1.4% and 1.8 ± 1.3% for historical and future conditions, respectively. Shanghai has slightly weaker mean precipitation change than Paris at present and no change in the future. The future reduction of the urban effect is found to be caused by a decrease in summer precipitation for both cities. Interannual variability in precipitation due to UHI is larger for Shanghai than Paris. The UHI effect on extreme precipitation is also reduced in the future climate and the area with precipitation increase is more concentrated. The general increase in extreme precipitation due to global warming, in combination with the precipitation redistribution due to UHI, underline the importance for future urban planning to mitigate damage caused by extreme precipitation events.
Exploring a new method for the assessment of metal exposure by analysis of exhaled breath of welders
Authors: Ljungkvist Göran , Tinnerberg Håkan , Löndahl Jakob , Klang Therese , Viklund Emilia , Kim Jeong-Lim , Schiöler Linus , Forsgard Niklas , Olin Anna-Carin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Air monitoring has been the accepted exposure assessment of toxic metals from, e.g., welding, but a method characterizing the actual dose delivered to the lungs would be preferable. Sampling of particles in exhaled breath can be used for the biomonitoring of both endogenous biomarkers and markers of exposure. We have explored a new method for the sampling of metals in exhaled breath from the small airways in a study on welders.

Methods
Our method for particle sampling, Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA®), is based on particle counting and inertial impaction. We applied it on 19 stainless steel welders before and after a workday. In parallel, air monitoring of chromium, manganese and nickel was performed as well as blood sampling after work.

Results
Despite substantial exposure to welding fumes, we were unable to show any significant change in the metal content of exhaled particles after, compared with before, exposure. However, the significance might be obscured by a substantial analytical background noise, due to metal background in the sampling media and possible contamination during sampling, as an increase in the median metal contents were indicated.

Conclusions
If efforts to reduce background and contamination are successful, the PExA® method could be an important tool in the investigations of metals in exhaled breath, as the method collects particles from the small airways in contrast to other methods. In this paper, we discuss the discrepancy between our findings and results from studies, using the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) methodology.
Stress memory responses and seed priming correlate with drought tolerance in plants: an overview
Authors: Liu Xun , Quan Wenli , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Environmental-friendly techniques based on plant stress memory, cross-stress tolerance, and seed priming help sustainable agriculture by mitigating negative effects of dehydration stress.

Abstract
The frequently uneven rainfall distribution caused by global warming will lead to more irregular and multiple abiotic stresses, such as heat stress, dehydration stress, cold stress or the combination of these stresses. Dehydration stress is one of the major environmental factors affecting the survival rate and productivity of plants. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop improved resilient varieties. Presently, technologies based on plant stress memory, cross-stress tolerance and priming of seeds represent fruitful and promising areas of future research and applied agricultural science. In this review, we will provide an overview of plant drought stress memory from physiological, biochemical, molecular and epigenetic perspectives. Drought priming-induced cross-stress tolerance to cold and heat stress will be discussed and the application of seed priming will be illustrated for different species.