bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic Pressure Control Using on‐off Valves with Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: De Carvalho Gabriel , Bideaux Eric , Massioni Paolo , Sesmat Sylvie , Bristiel Frederic 
Published: September 2022

AbstractServomotor‐controlled valves are widely used in industry for pressure control of pneumatic systems. However, as a first stage, they can cause significant hysteresis that can result in loss of pressure or flow control accuracy at the second stage level. To reduce this effect and improve accuracy, a possible solution relies on the use of on‐off switching valves controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This approach is studied, firstly by analytically determining how the PWM parameters have to be tuned according to the on‐off valve characteristics, secondly by ensuring that these characteristics provide the desired behavior of the system, and finally by experimentally verifying whether the PWM control can successfully reduce hysteresis, without decreasing the application range.
Dynamic Friction Model for the Investigation of Stick‐Slip Oscillations
Authors: Wittmaack Martin , André Markus , Schmitz Katharina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe optimization of lubricated sealing systems with respect to the stick‐slip effect requires a friction model that describes the complex friction behavior in the lubricated contact area. This paper presents an efficient dynamic friction model based on the Stribeck curve, which allows to investigate the influencing parameters through finite element (FE) simulations. The simulation of a tribometer test using this friction model proofs that the model correlates well with the tribometer test results. It is shown that the system stiffness has a significant influence on the stick‐slip tendency of the system.
Chiral Recognition and Photoreaction of β‐Amino Acids with Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Xiong Ming‐Feng , Zhou Hai‐Yun , Huang Xiao‐Kang , Fan Jing‐Yan , Ye Bao‐Hui 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summaryβ‐Amino acids (AAs), homologs of α‐AAs, are important building blocks of biological materials. Herein, chiral recognitions of β‐AAs with Ir(III) complexes are reported, in favor of formation of the thermodynamically stable Λ‐[Ir(pq)2(D‐β‐AAs)] and Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐AAs)] (pq is 2‐phenylquinoline) diastereomers. The photoreactions of [Ir(pq)2(β‐AA)] complexes are observed in an EtOH solution in the presence of O2 at room temperature. The primary β‐AAs complexes, such as rac‐[Ir(pq)2(β‐ala)] (β‐ala is β‐alanine), Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(D‐β‐ma)] and Λ‐[Ir(pq)2(D‐β‐ma)] (β‐ma is β‐methylalanine), Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(D‐β‐pa)] and Λ‐[Ir(pq)2(D‐β‐pa)] (β‐pa is β‐phenylalanine), and rac‐[Ir(pq)2(β‐dma)] (β‐dma is 3,3‐dimethyl‐β‐alanine), are interligand C—N cross‐coupling in situ between pq and β‐AAs ligands. The secondary β‐AA complexes Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro)] and Λ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro)] (β‐pro is β‐proline, 2‐(pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)acetic acid) are dehydrogenatively oxidized into imino acid complexes Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro‐2Hβ’)] and Λ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro‐2Hβ’)] (L‐β‐pro‐2Hβ’ = 2‐(3,4‐dihydro‐ 2H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)acetic acid), respectively. Moreover, the dehydrogenative reaction in Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro)] diastereomer is regioselective depending on the reaction temperature, affording Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro‐2Hβ’)] and Δ‐[Ir(pq)2(L‐β‐pro‐2Hβ)] (β‐pro‐2Hβ = 2‐(3,4‐dihydro‐ 2H‐pyrrol‐5‐yl)acetic acid) at low temperature. The chiral recognitions and photoreactions of Ir(III)‐β‐AAs complexes are much different from the previous observations in Ir(III)‐α‐AAs complexes.
Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of 4‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)piperazine‐Based Compounds Targeting Tyrosinase
Authors: Mirabile Salvatore , Germanò Maria Paola , Fais Antonella , Lombardo Lisa , Ricci Federico , Floris Sonia , Cacciola Anna , Rapisarda Antonio , Gitto Rosaria , De Luca Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMelanin biosynthesis is enzymatically regulated by tyrosinase (TYR, EC 1.14.18.1), which is efficiently inhibited by natural and synthetic phenols, demonstrating potential therapeutic application for the treatment of several human diseases. Herein we report the inhibitory effects of a series of (4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)arylmethanone derivatives, that were designed, synthesised and assayed against TYR from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR). The best inhibitory activity was predominantly found for compounds bearing selected hydrophobic ortho‐substituents on the aroyl moiety (IC50 values in the range of 1.5–4.6 μM). They proved to be more potent than the reference compound kojic acid (IC50=17.8 μM) and displayed competitive mechanism of inhibition of diphenolase activity of AbTYR. Docking simulation predicted their binding mode into the catalytic cavities of AbTYR and the modelled human TYR. In addition, these compounds displayed antioxidant activity combined with no cytotoxicity in MTT tests. Notably, the best inhibitor affected tyrosinase activity in α‐MSH‐stimulated B16F10 cells, thus demonstrating anti‐melanogenic activity.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using a Self‐Assembled Octupolar Molecular System
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jun , Abudulimu Abasi , Roldao Juan Carlos , Nam Hyunwoo , Gierschner Johannes , Lüer Larry , Park Soo Young 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system was prepared by using an octupolar molecule as a building block of self‐assembled nanoparticles. The photocatalytic system showed an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate upon the addition of halide ions, which was attributed to an external heavy atom effect enhancing intersystem crossing. The HER rate of the photocatalytic system was proportional to the atomic weight and concentration of halide ion additives, and its maximum HER rate reached 460 mmol/g ⋅ h in the presence of iodide ions and a metal co‐catalyst. Further, the photocatalytic system without any halide ion additives generated hydrogen gas utilizing seawater and stimulated sunlight with remarkable efficiency (apparent quantum yield∼3.8 %).
Specific Localization and Quantification of the Oligo‐Mouse‐Microbiota (OMM12) by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Authors: Brugiroux Sandrine , Berry David , Ring Diana , Barnich Nicolas , Daims Holger , Stecher Bärbel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe oligo‐mouse‐microbiota (OMM12) is a widely used syncom that colonizes gnotobiotic mice in a stable manner. It provides several fundamental functions to its murine host, including colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. Here, we designed and validated specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to detect and quantify OMM12 strains on intestinal tissue cross sections. 16S rRNA‒specific probes were designed, and specificity was validated on fixed pure cultures. A hybridization protocol was optimized for sensitive detection of the individual bacterial cells in cryosections. Using this method, we showed that the intestinal mucosal niche of Akkermansia muciniphila can be influenced by global gut microbial community context. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Localization and quantification of OMM12 single strains in mouse cecum cross sectionSupport Protocol: Establishment of specific FISH probe set for OMM12 syncom
Constant switching frequency‐based delta‐sigma modulation of single‐phase AC–AC zeta converter
Authors: Jeelani Naira , Hamid Bhat Abdul 
Published: September 2022

SummaryDirect pulse width modulated (PWM) AC–AC converters, derived from their DC–DC counterparts, serve as promising media for AC–AC power conversion because they offer benefits, such as single‐stage power conversion, absence of bulky DC links, and small footprint. In this study, a single‐phase ( ) AC–AC zeta converter was analyzed under buck, boost, and buck‐boost operations. Delta‐sigma modulation (DSM) technique, known for its simple logic implementation, excellent reference‐tracking property, robust control, and fast transient response, was employed for the load voltage control of a AC–AC zeta converter. However, the conventional DSM technique relies on a fixed hysteresis band (FHB) for restricting the integrated (sigma) error (delta) between the reference and estimated control voltages within a narrow band, which causes the converter to operate at a variable switching frequency (VSF). Although VSF enhances the converter performance with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high degree of flexibility over waveform quality, it poses serious implications such as higher switching losses, putting more strain on thermal management of switches. This paper presents a constant switching frequency‐based DSM technique based on an adaptive hysteresis band (AHB) for a AC–AC zeta converter. The converter is controlled using FHB‐DSM and AHB‐DSM techniques, and a comparison is drawn between the two in terms of various performance indices. In this comparison, FHB‐DSM serves as a benchmark and an optimum switching frequency based on AHB‐DSM technique is determined, which exhibits low switching losses while maintaining the same THD limits, dynamic response, and waveform quality as that of FHB‐DSM technique. The proposed strategy was validated by simulation studies in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Furthermore, a real‐time simulator, OPAL‐RT (OP4510), was used to validate the study with real‐time implementation.
Shockwave and spallation in silver and other materials by sub‐ns laser pulse at 1016 W/cm2 intensity
Authors: Torrisi Lorenzo , Torrisi Alfio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe laser spallation effect due to intense shockwaves caused by a brief and intense laser pulse irradiating a target surface, 2 mm thick, has been investigated for silver and other materials. For 300 ps IR laser pulse, at intensities of the order of 1016 W/cm2, the shockwave may produce deformations of the back‐face in ductile materials, such as Ag, Cu and Al. In heavy materials with high tensile strength, such as Ta, the shockwave produces cracks in the bottom of the laser crater but not deformation in the back‐face, while in brittle materials, such as monocrystalline Ge, it produces only superficial cracks and flaking, but not deformation and spallation of the back‐face. In thick polymeric materials, such as high‐density polyethylene, the ablated crater shape is well defined and the shockwave is strongly damped, and no deformation has been observed in the back‐face. The laser ablation yield and the ion acceleration in the backward direction have been measured by mass lost and time‐of‐flight measurements. SEM microscopy of the different irradiated targets, showing details of the crater size, edges, flaking and deformation in the back‐face, useful for a discussion on the shockwave propagation and shock pressure calculation, is presented.
Outage analysis of two‐way relaying in SWIPT‐enabled CCRN with co‐channel interference
Authors: Ghosh Sutanu 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis work investigates the dual impacts of co‐channel interference (CCI) on radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH)‐enabled cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN). CCRN is considered to be worked following overlay mode of spectrum sharing technique. One pair of cellular nodes are considered as primary users (PUs), and a pair of Internet‐of‐Things devices (IoDs) are considered as secondary users (SUs) of CCRN. IoDs are used to help the communication between cellular node and in benefit of that the devices can access the cellular spectrum. In one hand, the effect of CCI from different sources may deteriorate the received signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at IoDs, and on the other hand, scavenge of energy at IoDs from RF signal of CCI may improve the transmission of information from IoDs. Hybrid power time switching (HPTS) technique is adopted in the proposed model for harvesting energy from RF signals at IoDs following simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) principle. The closed form expressions of both PU and SU outage are derived to analyse the performance of two different networks. The joint effects of both power splitting and time switching factors on both PU and SU outage are shown in simulation results. The outage performances of both PU and SU networks with respect to different interference‐to‐noise (INR) level and transmission power are also shown in the results. The performance of the proposed system is found as better than the previous work on similar network architecture.
Bray‐Curtis (AFD) differentiation in molecular ecology: Forecasting, an adjustment (AA), and comparative performance in selection detection
Authors: Sherwin William B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeographic genetic differentiation measures are used for purposes such as assessing genetic diversity and connectivity, and searching for signals of selection. Confirmation by unrelated measures can minimize false positives. A popular differentiation measure, Bray‐Curtis, has been used increasingly in molecular ecology, renamed AFD (hereafter called BCAFD). Critically, BCAFD is expected to be partially independent of the commonly used Hill “Q‐profile” measures. BCAFD needs scrutiny for potential biases, by examining limits on its value, and comparing simulations against expectations. BCAFD has two dependencies on within‐population (alpha) variation, undesirable for a between‐population (beta) measure. The first dependency is derived from similarity to and . The second dependency is that BCAFD cannot be larger than the highest allele proportion in either location (alpha variation), which can be overcome by data‐filtering or by a modified statistic AA or “Adjusted AFD”. The first dependency does not forestall applications such as assessing connectivity or selection, if we know the measure's null behavior under selective neutrality with specified conditions—which is shown in this article for AA, for equilibrium, and nonequilibrium, for the commonly used data type of single‐nucleotide‐polymorphisms (SNPs) in two locations. Thus, AA can be used in tandem with mathematically contrasting differentiation measures, with the aim of reducing false inferences. For detecting adaptive loci, the relative performance of AA and other measures was evaluated, showing that it is best to use two mathematically different measures simultaneously, and that AA is in one of the best such pairwise criteria. For any application, using AA, rather than BCAFD, avoids the counterintuitive limitation by maximum allele proportion within localities.
Adaptive monitoring of coral health at Scott Reef where data exhibit nonlinear and disturbed trends over time
Authors: Abeysiri Wickrama Liyanaarachchige Pubudu Thilan , Fisher Rebecca , Thompson Helen , Menendez Patricia , Gilmour James , McGree James M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTime series data are often observed in ecological monitoring. Frequently, such data exhibit nonlinear trends over time potentially due to complex relationships between observed and auxiliary variables, and there may also be sudden declines over time due to major disturbances. This poses substantial challenges for modeling such data and also for adaptive monitoring. To address this, we propose methods for finding adaptive designs for monitoring in such settings. This work is motivated by a monitoring program that has been established at Scott Reef; a coral reef off the Western coast of Australia. Data collected for monitoring the health of Scott Reef are considered, and semiparametric and interrupted time series modeling approaches are adopted to describe how these data vary over time. New methods are then proposed that enable adaptive monitoring designs to be found based on such modeling approaches. These methods are then applied to find future monitoring designs at Scott Reef where it was found that future information gain is expected to be similar across a variety of different sites, suggesting that no particular location needs to be prioritized at Scott Reef for the next monitoring phase. In addition, it was found that omitting some sampling sites/reef locations was possible without substantial loss in expected information gain, depending upon the disturbances that were observed. The resulting adaptive designs are used to form recommendations for future monitoring in this region, and for reefs where changes in the current monitoring practices are being sought. As the methods used and developed throughout this study are generic in nature, this research has the potential to improve ecological monitoring more broadly where complex data are being collected over time.
Mapping edaphic soils' conditions to identify conservation targets for pine barren and sandplain ecosystems in New York State
Authors: Corbin Jeffrey D. , Flatland Emma L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall habitat patches can be important reservoirs for biodiversity, capable of hosting unique species that are largely absent from the surrounding landscape. In cases where such patches owe their existence to the presence of particular soil types or hydrologic conditions, local‐scale edaphic variables may be more effective components for models that identify patch location than regional‐scale macroclimatic variables often used in habitat and species distribution models. We modeled the edaphic soil conditions that support pine barren, sandplain, and related ecosystems in New York State with the purpose of identifying potential locations for biodiversity conservation. We quantified soil percent sand and soil depth of 156 known high‐quality remnant pine barren and sandplain ecosystems to calculate threshold soil characteristics. We then mapped all soils in the state that were at least as sandy and deep as the threshold values we calculated. The total area of our map of suitable soil conditions was over 9500 km2, made up of forested (57%), urban (26%), agricultural (13%), and open (4%) land covers. Our analysis nearly doubled the recognized area of barren, shrubland, and grassland habitat on deep, sandy soils in New York State. Extensive forested and even agricultural cover on these soils could also be the subject of restoration to further support the biodiversity of these unique ecosystems. The presence of extensive soils in coastal and interior New York that, with the appropriate disturbance regime, have the potential to host pine barren and sandplain ecosystems offers a new perspective on these ecosystems' distribution in the past—and about how to better align conservation and restoration to preserve the future.
Larval crowding effects during early development in the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Morimoto Juliano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChinese sericulture relies in part on the rearing of the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi, an insect with key cultural and ecological roles. While feeding primarily on oak, Antheraea species are known to accept alternative hosts such as birch Betula sp with little to no apparent negative fitness consequences. This opens up the range of hostplants that could be used for large‐scale rearing of A. pernyi for silk production and food, or used by this species in possible invasions. To date, however, the natural history and ecology of A. pernyi remain subject of investigation. For instance, we still do not know how individuals respond to crowding developmental environments, which is an important factor to consider for the ecology of the species as well as for commercial rearing. Here, I describe the implications of larval crowding to the survival and growth of A. pernyi larvae during early development. I show that higher crowding is associated with stronger negative effects on growth and survival, corroborating findings from other holometabolous insects. I then discuss the implications of this findings for our understanding of optimum larval crowding. Overall, the findings reveal important ecological information for an insect species key for provisioning and cultural ecosystem services.
The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird
Authors: Pakanen Veli‐Matti , Tornberg Risto , Airaksinen Eveliina , Rönkä Nelli , Koivula Kari 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeneralist predators using small mammals as their primary prey are suggested to shift hunting alternative prey such as bird nests, when small mammals are in short supply (the alternative prey hypothesis, APH). Nest survival and survival of young individuals should be positively linked to small mammal abundance and negatively linked to predator abundance, but little information exists from survival of chicks, especially until recruitment. We test these predictions of the APH using 13 years (2002–2014) of life history data from a ground nesting shorebird breeding on coastal meadows. We use small mammal abundance in the previous autumn as a proxy for spring predator abundance, mainly of mammalian predators. We examine whether small mammal abundance in the spring and previous autumn explain annual variation in nest survival from depredation and local recruitment of the southern dunlinCalidris alpina schinzii. As predicted by the APH, survival from nest predation was positively linked to spring small mammal abundance and negatively linked to autumn small mammal abundance. Importantly, local recruitment showed opposite responses. This counterintuitive result may be explained by density‐dependent survival. When nest depredation rates are low, predators may show stronger numerical and functional responses to high shorebird chick abundance on coastal meadows, whereas in years of high nest depredation, few hatching chicks lure fewer predators. The opposite effects on nest and local recruitment demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which population size variation in primary prey can affect dynamics of alternative prey populations.
Effect of mirror therapy in the treatment of phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review of randomized placebo‐controlled trials does not find any evidence of efficacy
Authors: Guémann Matthieu , Olié Emilie , Raquin Lea , Courtet Philippe , Risch Nathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhantom limb pain (PLP) concerns >50% of amputees and has a negative impact on their rehabilitation, mental health and quality of life. Mirror therapy (MT) is a promising strategy, but its effectiveness remains controversial. We performed a systematic review to: (i) evaluate the effectiveness of MT versus placebo in reducing PLP, and (ii) determine MT effect on disability and quality of life.Databases and data treatmentWe selected randomized‐controlled trials in five databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro and Embase) that included patients with unilateral lower or upper limb amputation and PLP and that compared the effects on PLP of MT versus a placebo technique. The primary outcome was PLP intensity changes and the secondary outcomes were PLP duration, frequency, patients' disability and quality of life.ResultsAmong the five studies included, only one reported a significant difference between the MT group and control group, with a positive MT effect at week 4. Only one study assessed MT effect on disability and found a significant improvement in the MT group at week 10 and month 6.ConclusionsOur systematic review did not allow concluding that MT reduces PLP and disability in amputees. This lack of strong evidence is probably due to (i) the low methodological quality of the included studies, and (ii) the lack of statistical power. Future trials should include a higher number of patients, increase the number and frequency of MT sessions, have a long‐term follow‐up and improve the methodological quality.SignificanceRecent meta‐analyses concluded that MT is effective for reducing phantom limb pain. Conversely, the present systematic review that included only studies with the best level of evidence did not find any evidence about its effectiveness for this condition. We identified many ways to improve future randomized‐controlled trials on this topic: increasing the number of participants, reducing the intra‐group heterogeneity, using a suitable placebo and intensifying the MT sessions and frequency.