bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diving Behavior Reveals Humidity Sensing Ability of Water Deprived Planarians
Authors: Pei Yu , Qian Renzhi , yan Yuan , Zhang Yixuan , Tan Liyuan , Li Xinran , Lu Chenxu , Chen Yuxuan , Chi Yuanwei , Hao Kun , Xu Zhen , Yang Guang , Shao Zilun , Wang Yuhao , Huang Kaiyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHumidity sensing ability is crucial to terrestrial animals for fitting the environment. Researchers made great progress in recent study about humidity sensing mechanisms of terrestrial animals. However, it is poorly understood whether humidity sensing exists in aquatic animals. Here, we demonstrate that the aquatic planarians, one of the primitive forerunners of later animals, has the ability of humidity sensing and is capable of using the ability to perceive the water beneath itself from a drought place to seek survival. The behavior we discovered is described as diving because the worms twist its body to break away from the mucus that make them adhere to the drought place and drop into the water. The behavior is triggered by rapidly increasing humidity. This finding suggests that humidity sensing ability exists in the lower aquatic animals, and the ability might be used to seek for water when aquatic animals are facing desiccation. The finding also suggests that survival-seeking and decision-making behavior have appeared in the primitive planarian worms.
Solving Anscombe’s Quartet using a Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Bu Kevin , Clemente Jose 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnalysis of high-dimensional datasets often involves usage of summary statistics, one of which is the correlation coefficient. These values are then used to inform downstream analysis, whether in feature selection or in subsequent construction of networks and heatmaps. Condensing pairwise scatterplots into these singular values however, often results in a loss of information. Originally proposed by F. J. Anscombe in his famous ‘Anscombe’s Quartet,’ this phenomenon has been canonically used to demonstrate the importance of plotting and the limitations of summary statistics such as correlation or variance [F.J. Anscombe, (1973)American Statistician. 27 (1), 17-21]. While numerous methods exist for the generation of visually distinct datasets that share similar summary statistics, the converse has not been extensively studied. To address this gap, we propose ICLUST (Image CLUSTering), an image classifier tool that can visually distinguish correlations with similar summary statistics in simulations and identify meaningful clusters in real data. Such a tool can potentially benefit those performing exploratory analysis or feature selection in a complementary fashion by identifying relationships between variables that traditional summary metrics cannot provide.Significance StatementDistilling large-scale, multidimensional datasets via analysis of pairwise relationships often employs a single value to describe the relationship between variables. However, as demonstrated through simulations, such summarization fails to retain the nuances of the data. Characteristics such as the type of relationship (linear versus nonlinear, etc.) and the spread of the data are commonly lost when using correlations. Here we propose a transfer learning framework, borrowing from image clustering and classification software, to visually classify graphs. We apply our method towards separation of scatterplots with similar correlation statistics but visually distinctive patterns in both simulations and real data, demonstrating its broad applicability.
A Bayesian Approach to Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling
Authors: Praturu Anoop , Sharpee Tatyana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have increasingly demonstrated that hyperbolic geometry confers many advantages for analyzing hierarchical structure in complex systems. However, available embedding methods do not give a precise metric for determining the dimensionality of the data, and do not vary curvature. These parameters are important for obtaining accurate, low dimensional, continuous descriptions of the data. To address this we develop a Bayesian formulation of Multi-Dimensional Scaling for embedding data in hyperbolic spaces that can fit for the optimal values of geometric parameters such as curvature and dimension. We propose a novel model of embedding uncertainty within this Bayesian framework which improves both performance and interpretability of the model. Because the method allows for variable curvature, it can also correctly embed Euclidean data using zero curvature, thus subsuming traditional Euclidean MDS models. We demonstrate that only a small amount of data is needed to constrain the geometry in our model and that the model is robust against false minima when scaling to large datasets. We apply our model to real world datasets and uncover new insights into their hierarchical structure derived from our geometric embeddings.
Vocabulary relearning in aphasia is supported by hippocampal memory and cortical language systems
Authors: Gore Katherine R. , Woollams Anna M. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpeech and language therapy can be an effective tool in improving language in post-stroke aphasia. Despite an increasing literature on the efficacy of language therapies, there is a dearth of evidence about the neurocognitive mechanisms that underpin language re-learning, including the mechanisms implicated in neurotypical learning. Neurotypical word acquisition fits within the idea of Complementary Learning Systems, whereby an episodic hippocampal system supports initial rapid and sparse learning, whilst longer-term consolidation and extraction of statistical regularities across items is underpinned by neocortical systems. Therapy may drive these neurotypical learning mechanisms, and efficacy outcome may depend on whether there is available spared tissue across these dual systems to support learning.Here, for the first time, we utilised a reverse translation approach to explore these learning mechanisms in post-stroke aphasia, spanning a continuum of consolidation success. After three weeks of daily anomia treatment, 16 patients completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol; a picture naming task which probed (i) premorbid vocabulary retained despite aphasia, (ii) newly re-learned treated items and (iii) untreated/unknown and therefore unconsolidated items. The treatment was successful, significantly improving patients’ naming accuracy and reaction time post-treatment. Consistent with the Complementary Learning Systems hypothesis, patients’ overall naming of treated items, like that of controls when learning new vocabulary, was associated with increased activation of both episodic and language regions. Patients with relatively preserved left hemisphere language regions, aligned with the control data in that hippocampal activity during naming of treated items was associated with lower accuracy and slower responses – demonstrating the shifting division of labour from hippocampally-dependent new learning towards cortical support for the efficiently-named consolidated items. In contrast, patients with greater damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus displayed the opposite pattern (greater hippocampal activity when naming treated items was associated with quicker responses), implying that their therapy-driven learning was still wholly hippocampally reliant.Open accessFor the purpose of open access, the UKRI-funded authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Prefrontal norepinephrine represents a threat prediction error under uncertainty
Authors: Basu Aakash , Yang Jen-Hau , Yu Abigail , Glaeser-Khan Samira , Feng Jiesi , Krystal John H. , Li Yulong , Kaye Alfred P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnimals must learn to predict varying threats in the environment to survive by enacting defensive behaviors. Dopamine is involved in the prediction of rewards, encoding a reward prediction error in a similar manner to temporal difference learning algorithm. However, the corresponding molecular and computational form of threat prediction errors is not as well-characterized, although norepinephrine and other neuromodulators and neuropeptides participate in fear learning. Here, we utilized fluorescent norepinephrine recordings over the course of fear learning in concert with reinforcement learning modeling to identify its role in the prediction of threat. By varying timing and sensory uncertainty in the formation of threat associations, we were able to define a precise computational role for norepinephrine in this process. Norepinephrine release approximates the strength of fear associations, and its temporal dynamics are compatible with a prediction error signal. Intriguingly, the release of norepinephrine is influenced by time and sensory feedback, serving as an antithesis of the classical reward prediction error role of dopamine. Thus, these results directly demonstrate a combined cognitive and affective role of norepinephrine in the prediction of threat, with implications for neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and PTSD.
Early impairments of visually-driven neuronal ensemble dynamics in the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model
Authors: Parka Aleksandra , Degel Caroline , Dreyer Jakob , Richter Ulrike , Hall Benjamin , Bastlund Jesper F. , Laursen Bettina , Nedergaard Maiken , Sotty Florence , Botta Paolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTau protein pathology is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease or frontotemporal dementia. Synaptic dysfunction and abnormal visual evoked potentials have been reported in murine models of tauopathy, but little is known about the state of the network activity on a single neuronal level prior to brain atrophy. In the present study, oscillatory rhythms and single-cell calcium activity of primary visual cortex pyramidal neuron population were investigated in basal and light evoked states in the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model prior to neurodegeneration. We found a decrease in their responsivity and overall activity which was insensitive to GABAergic modulation. Despite an enhancement of basal state coactivation of cortical pyramidal neurons, a loss of input-output synchronicity was observed. Spectral power analysis revealed a reduction of basal theta oscillations in rTg4510 mice. Enhanced susceptibility to a sub-convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol was further indicated by an increase in theta power and higher number of absence-like seizures in rTg4510 compared to control mice. Our results unveil impairments in visual cortical pyramidal neuron processing and define aberrant oscillations as a biomarker candidate in early stages of neurodegenerative tauopathies.
Divorce rate in birds increases with male promiscuity and migration distance
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Lin Xi , Song Zitan , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocially monogamous animals may break up their partnership after one breeding season by a so-called ‘divorce’ behaviour. Divorce rate immensely varies across avian taxa that have a predominantly monogamous social mating system. Although a range of factors associated with divorce have been tested, there is not a consensus regarding the large-scale variation and relationships among associated factors. Moreover, the impact of sexual roles in divorce still needs further investigation. Here, we applied phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze one of the largest datasets ever compiled that included divorce rates from published case studies of 232 avian species from 25 orders and 61 families. We tested correlations between divorce rate and a group of factors that are closely related to pair bond strength: promiscuity of both sexes, migration distance, and adult mortality. Our results showed that only male promiscuity, but not female promiscuity, had a critical relationship with divorce rate. Furthermore, migration distance was positively correlated with divorce rate and indirectly affected divorce rate via male promiscuity. These findings indicated that divorce might not be simply explained as an adaptive strategy or neutral occurrence, but could be a mixed response to sexual conflict and stress from the ambient environment.
Human organoid model of PCH2a recapitulates brain region-specific pathology
Authors: Kagermeier Theresa , Hauser Stefan , Sarieva Kseniia , Laugwitz Lucia , Groeschel Samuel , Janzarik Wibke , Yentür Zeynep , Becker Katharina , Schöls Ludger , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Mayer Simone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 a (PCH2a) is a rare, autosomal recessive pediatric disorder with limited treatment options. Its anatomical hallmark is the hypoplasia of the cerebellum and pons accompanied by progressive microcephaly. PCH2a results from a homozygous founder variant inTSEN54, which encodes a tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex subunit. Despite the ubiquitous expression of the TSEN complex, the tissue-specific pathological mechanism of PCH2a remains unknown due to a lack of model system. In this study, we developed human models of PCH2a using brain region-specific organoids. We therefore obtained skin biopsies from three affected males with genetically confirmed PCH2a and derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Proliferation and cell death rates were not altered in PCH2a iPSCs. We subsequently differentiated cerebellar and neocortical organoids from control and PCH2a iPSCs. Mirroring clinical neuroimaging findings, PCH2a cerebellar organoids were reduced in size compared to controls starting early in differentiation. We observed milder growth deficits in neocortical PCH2a organoids. While PCH2a cerebellar organoids did not upregulate apoptosis, their stem cell zones showed altered proliferation kinetics, with increased proliferation at day 30 and reduced proliferation at day 50 compared to controls. In summary, we have generated a human model of PCH2a, which provides the foundation for deciphering brain region-specific disease mechanisms.
Is Kinesio taping effective for peripheral tissue perfusion in women with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vieira Carvalho Maria Luiza , De Menezes Caceres Viviane , de Oliveira Nascimento Isabella , Costa Henrique Silveira , Schedit Figueiredo Pedro Henrique , Lima Vanessa Pereira , Monteiro Debora Pantuso , Pereira Danielle Aparecida Gomes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the acute effect of Kinesio Taping® on peripheral tissue perfusion in women with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).MethodsThis randomized, double-blind controlled trial included 59 women with mild to moderate CVI. They were randomized to a control group (n= 23; 54.08 ± 9.04 years) and Kinesio Taping® group (KT) (n= 36; 55.87 ± 9.97 years). Near-infrared spectroscopy was positioned in the medial gastrocnemius muscle for assessment of resting tissue perfusion 48 h after the first day of evaluation and after placement of the Kinesio Taping® tape. The evaluation also consisted of performing movements of the plethysmography examination. To verify the comparisons of pre- and post-Kinesio Taping® data, the variation delta was used for analysis. Mann–Whitney U test was performed an an alpha of 5% was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere wasn’ st a significant difference between groups regarding the peripheral tissue perfusion evaluation variables Peripheral Oxygen Saturation Difference – DELTA_SPO2: (KT Group 3.21 (0.84–3.62); Control 2.21 (1.59–4.83), p = 0.219) and Difference in deoxygenate hemoglobin values – DELTA_HHB (units) KT Group -0.62 (−2.14–0.67); Control Group -0.07 (−2.15–2.62) p = 0.238). Despite the lack of statistical significance, the KT group had a 785.7% greater drop in HHB values than the control group.ConclusionsAcute use of Kinesio Taping® in women with CVI did not significantly alter tissue perfusion of calf muscles. However, it was possible to observe percentage differences in venous retention to be considered from a clinical point of view.Trial registrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) RBR-9bhbrp.
Children’s visual acuity tests at home: A prospective repeated measures study
Authors: Osborne Daniel , Steele Aimee , Evans Megan , Ellis Helen , Pancholi Roshni , Harding Tomos , Dee Jessica , Leary Rachel , Bradshaw Jeremy , O’Flynn Elizabeth , Self Jay E 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHome visual acuity tests could ease pressure on ophthalmic services by facilitating remote review of a variety of patients. Home tests may have further utility in giving service users frequent updates of vision outcomes during therapy, identifying vision problems in an asymptomatic population, and engaging stakeholders in therapy.The accuracy of home vision tests for children when completed without supervision from a professional is unknown.MethodsChildren attending outpatient clinics had their visual acuity measured 3 times in a randomised order at the same appointment. Once by a registered orthoptist as per standard clinical protocols, once by an orthoptist using a tablet-based visual acuity test (iSight Pro, Kay Pictures), and once by an unsupervised parent or carer using the tablet-based test.Results42 children were recruited to the study. The mean age was 5.6 years (range 3.3 to 9.3 years). Median measurements (interquartile range) for clinical standard, orthoptic-led and parent/carer-led iSight visual acuity measurements were 0.155 (0.18), 0.180 (0.26), and 0.300 (0.33) respectively.The iSight app in the hands of parents/carers was significantly different from the standard of care measurements (P=0.009). In the hands of orthoptists, there was no significant difference between the iSight app and standard of care (P=0.551), nor was there significant difference between parents/carers using the app and orthoptists using the app (P=0.133).ConclusionThis technique of unsupervised home visual acuity measures for children is not comparable to clinical measures and is unlikely to be valuable to clinical decision making and screening. Future work should focus on improving the technique through, for example, gamification of vision tests.What is already known on this topic?Children’s game visual acuity tests could improve things for hospital services and patients. The tablet-based tests are accurate when used by professionals to tests adults’ vision.What this study addsThis study provides data about the accuracy of home tests when used by untrained parents or carers on their children.How this study might affect research, practice, or policyCurrent policy recommends apps home tests are not used to test children’s eyes for clinical decision-making purposes. Our data supports this policy and highlights the need for future research to focus on improving the tests.Synopsis / precis (“At a glance”)Visual acuity testing at home could improve patient care and reduce clinical visits, but data to show clinicians that they can rely upon the results in children are lacking. Our study shows the tests cannot be relied upon for clinical purposes. Improvements to the tests are required before they become useful and can be implemented into practice.
Molecular mechanisms associated with multiple sclerosis progression, severity and phenotype
Authors: Kosa Peter , Lumbard Keith , Wang Jing , Liang C. Jason , Masvekar Ruturaj , Kim Yujin , Varosanec Mihael , Jennings Lori , Bielekova Bibiana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile current treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS) effectively inhibit formation of focal lesions and relapses, most patients experience progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA). To understand PIRA, we analyzed nine prospectively acquired clinical and imaging outcomes in 176 relapsing-remitting and 215 progressive MS patients and 45 healthy volunteers, along with matched cellular and >5000 protein data in 1,042 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Regressing out physiological aging and sex effects identified MS-related processes. Among these, compartmentalized inflammation and its effector mechanisms such as pyroptosis showed the strongest association with MS severity, irrespective of clinical categorization of patients. However, molecular processes affected localization of CNS injury: patients with predominant brain damage had proportionally higher neuroinflammation, while fibrosis and tissue hypoxia were linked to principal involvement of spinal cord. We did not identify inflammation-unrelated neurodegeneration; instead, CNS-related processes were beneficial, such as synaptogenesis. Machine learning-based CSF biomarker models predicted nine clinical and volumetric imaging outcomes in the independent cohort with accuracy exceeding published MS models.These data show intra-individual diversity of putative disease mechanisms in MS and implicate processes related to compartmentalized neuroinflammation as leading candidate mechanisms of PIRA. Future drug development should include CNS-penetrant anti-inflammatory agents.
Epilepsy Classification using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification, in resource limited setting
Authors: Alkhedir Hajatmena A M , MohamedSharif Abubaker A , Salih Mohammed Isra Bdraldein , Mohamed Inaam N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main aim of the study is to classify patients with epilepsy using ILAE classification 2017, and to test whether it can like Sudan.MethodsThis is a descriptive, prospective cross sectional study, conducted in two main pediatric epilepsy clinics in Khartoum State-Sudan.ResultsThis study included 350 patients with a mean age of (8.4 ±4.7) years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age at the onset of seizure was (3.73 ±3.73) years. The mean duration of the illness was (4.71 ±3.91) years. ILAE Classification was applied and 251 (71.11%) had generalized onset seizures, 95 (27.7%) had focal onset and four (1.1%) had unknown seizure onset.SignificanceILAE 2017 is the last updated classification for epilepsy and very few studies were done especially in resource-limited settings.