bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of B12 and folate deficiency in hypomethylation of ACE-2 gene and severity of disease among the ARDS patients
Authors: Najafipour Reza , Mohammadi Davood , Momeni Abdolmabood Mabood , Moghbelinejad Sahar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is the most important receptor in the entry of corona virus in host cells. The present study aimed to investigate the different mechanisms involved in the expression regulation of the this gene among the covid-9 patients. A total of 140 patients with covid-19 (n = 70 mild covid-19, n = 70 ARDS) and 120 controls were recruited. The expression of ACE-2 and miRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (QRT-PCR), and methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the ACE2 promoter was quantified using bisulfite pyro-sequencing. Finally, different polymorphisms of the ACE-2 gene were studied by sanger sequencing. Our results showed a significant high expression of the ACE-2 gene in the blood samples of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients (3.8 ± 0.77) in comparison to controls (0.88 ± 0.12) (P < 0.03). The methylation rate of the ACE-2 gene in ARDS patients was 14.07 ± 6.1 in contrast to controls (72.3 ± 5.1) (P < 0.0001). Among the four studied miRNAs, only miR200c-3p showed significant downregulation in ARDS patients (0.14 ± 0.1) in comparison to controls (0.32 ± 0.17)(P < 0.001). We did not see a substantial difference in the frequency of rs182366225 C > T and rs2097723 T > C polymorphisms between patients and controls (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between B12 (R=-0.32, P < 0.001), folate (R=-0.37, P < 0.001) deficiency and hypo-methylation of the ACE-2 gene. These results for the first time indicated that among the different mechanisms of ACE-2 expression regulation, its promoter methylation is very crucial and can be affected by factors involved in one-carbon metabolisms such as B9 and B12 vitamins deficiency.
mmu_circ_0009303 improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhou Ju , Li Wu , Chi Xiaowei , Li Dingchun , Yang Chunxia , Duan Zhiwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Recent studies indicated that cricRNA may play an important role in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, its mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to further explore its role in NAFLD based on the previous discovery of the expression of mmu_circ_0009303 was significantly increased in the mouse model of NAFLD.
Methods
To achieve this goal, we use bioinformatics technology to analyze its potential targets, and then established a model of NAFLD in vitro and use oil red staining, cell transfection, dual-luciferase reporter assay and other methods to test this hypothesis.
Results
The results shown that the expression of mmu_circ_0009303, a circular RNA, was significantly increased in NAFLD models in vivo and in vitro. And its abnormal expression is closely related to the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, we found that miRNA-182-5p and Foxo3 were act as a target of mmu_circ_0009303 and miRNA-182-5p, respectively, by bioinformatics analysis. In vitro NAFLD model showed that mmu_circ_0009303 can promote fat deposition in NCTC1469 cells induced by free fatty acid via regulating miRNA-182-5p/Foxo3. Meanwhile, we also found that the gene expression of miRNA-182-5p and Foxo3 was related to mmu_circ_0009303 in the liver of NAFLD mice induced by high-fat diet. In addition, mmu_circ_0009303 was also been proved to be involved in regulating the expression of lipid metabolism related regulatory proteins such as CPT1A, SLC27A4, ACBD3, SREBP1, FAS, PPARα and PPARγ.
Conclusion
mmu_circ_0009303 promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and accumulation of excessive fat in NCTC1469 cells induced by free fatty acid via regulating miRNA-182-5p/Foxo3 and lipid metabolism related regulatory proteins, which may be provide a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD.
Chemoradiation versus surgery for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection: comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes
Authors: Suzuki Gen , Yamazaki Hideya , Aibe Norihiro , Masui Koji , Kimoto Takuya , Nagasawa Shinsuke , Watanabe Sho , Seri Sho , Asato Akito , Shiozaki Atsuhi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Konishi Hirotaka , Dohi Osamu , Ishikawa Takeshi , Yamada kei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophagectomy is the standard adjuvant treatment for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) following noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, recent reports have also shown that ESD with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has promising results. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of CRT compared to surgery in patients with SESCC after noncurative ESD.Methods: This study retrospectively compared the long-term outcomes of patients who received adjuvant treatment with surgery or CRT after noncurative ESD for SESCC.Results: Data were collected from 60 patients who developed SESCC after noncurative ESD, 34 of whom received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and 26 underwent esophagectomy. The median follow-up periods were 46 and 56 months in the CRT and esophagectomy groups, respectively. The median patient age was significantly higher in the CRT group than in the esophagectomy group (69 vs. 65 years, p = 0.0054). CRT was completed in all patients, and the incidence of grade ≥3 nonhematologic adverse events was 6%. The overall and disease-free survival did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusions: CRT following ESD seems a promising nonsurgical strategy for optimizing the selection of therapies for high-risk SESCC.
Evaluation of resistance of human head lice to pyrethroid insecticides: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Daliri Salman , Yazdani Zahra , Mohseni Shokrollah , Mohammadyan Ghulamraza , Hosseini Seyedeh Niloofar Seyed , Haghighi Reza Nasiri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Pediculosis is one of the most common annoying infections caused by insects in humans. Pyrethroids are one of the main insecticides used to treat this infection. But recently, due to the resistance of lice to this group of insecticides, its therapeutic effects have been affected. Based on this, the present study was conducted to investigating the prevalence of resistance to treatment against these insecticides in the world in the form of a meta-analysis.
Methods
This study was conducted as a meta-analysis on the prevalence of treatment resistance in human head lice against pyrethroid insecticides in the world. Based on this, all articles published without a time limit until the end of June 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were extracted and using random effects model statistical methods in the meta-analysis, Cochrane, Index I2 and funnel plot were analyzed by STATA software.
Results
Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis process. According to this the prevalence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in human head lice was estimated at 59% (CI95%: 50–68%). Among pyrethroid insecticides, the highest prevalence of resistance to treatment against permethrin insecticide was 65%. Regarding the prevalence of resistance by year, the prevalence before 2004 was estimated at 33%, but after 2015, this rate reached 82%. Also, the prevalence of resistance to treatment was estimated at 68% using genetic diagnosis methods and 43% using clinical diagnosis methods.
Conclusion
More than half of human head lice are resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. Based on this, it is recommended that before using this treatment method to treat human head lice infestation, the prevalence of resistance to treatment in that area should be investigated and if the prevalence of resistance is high, alternative or combined treatment methods should be used.
Targeting interferon pathway in TBLR1-RARa-driven promyelocytic leukemia in the context of ATRA and ATO unresponsiveness
Authors: Yang Xue , Xing Haiyan , Qiu Shaowei , Tang Kejing , Tian Zheng , Rao Qing , Wang Min , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
TBLR1-RARα (TR) is a novel oncogene to induce acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) identified in our previous studies, which elicited differed response and worse prognosis in contrast to the canonical PML-RARα (PR) fusion gene. Despite the textbook rationale of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has turned most PR-driven APL from highly fatal to highly curable, TR-driven APL did not yield long-term remission, highlighting the necessity to decipher drug unresponsiveness and explore novel therapies.
Methods
In this study, doxycycline-inducible cell models were established to initiate the expression of TR and PR in U937 cells, respectively. Then RNA-seq was performed to identify differential genes and pathways directly induced by TR and PR oncogene. Based on transcriptomic analyses, different drugs were administered to compare therapy responses and biological phenotypes between TR and PR-induced leukemia through in vitro studies. The efficacy of IFNs and its upstream regulator STING agonist were further validated in TR murine models with survival analysis.
Results
Transcriptome sequencing analyses showed interferon (IFN) pathway were significantly suppressed in TR- rather than PR-induced APL. IFNs as well as the traditional regimen of ATRA and ATO elicit differed responses in biological phenotypes between TR- and PR-induced APL. Specifically, in TR-induced APL, firstly, ATO failed to elicit oncoprotein degradation, apoptosis and loss of self-renewal. Secondly, increasing doses of ATRA further promoted oncoprotein degradation with impaired colony formation capacity, and ultimately conferred survival benefits. Thirdly, type I IFNs is promising, which induced apoptosis, cooperated with ATRA to boost differentiation, and exhibited potential to reduce self-renewal. Finally, type I IFNs combining with ATRA and STING agonist significantly endowed TR mice with extended survival.
Conclusions
For TR-driven APL, the canonical regimen of ATO and lower doses of ATRA are unresponsive and inadequate to elicit oncoprotein degradation, apoptosis and loss of self-renewal, while type I IFNs and STING agonist are promising to endow TR mice with extended survival. Our study aims to gain further understanding of TR-driven APL and integrate insights into leukemogenesis mediated by rare RARα fusion genes, which may benefit a therapy-resistant population and enable APL to be bona fide curable leukemia.
Analysis of Radiation Characteristics of Compressed V-shape Dipole Antenna
Authors: Xiu Menglei , Li Lihua , Feng Shimin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of blind radiation spot of the traditional whip antenna mounted on the surface unmanned boats, a compressed V-shape dipole antenna is designed, which is omnidirectional and has a larger directivity especially when the hull is tilted. Calculated the radiation field strength of the compressed V-shape dipole antenna when it is tilted in various directions; The electrical characteristics of the compressed V-shape dipole antenna were obtained using FEKO electromagnetic simulation software, and the far-field experimental measurement and comparison experiment with the traditional whip antenna and the standard V-shape dipole antenna were carried out. Theoretical calculations, simulations, and experiments all show that the compressed V-shape dipole antenna has better directivity when interfered by the flowing sea surface, and the results are consistent, avoiding the problem of blind working spots, and the radiation process is stable and reliable.
Evaluation of transcutaneous near-infrared spectroscopy for early detection of cardiac arrest in an animal model
Authors: Raschdorf Katharina , Mohseni Arman , Hogle Kaavya , Cheung Amanda , Manouchehri Neda , So Kitty , Khalili Mahsa , Lingawi Saud , Grunau Brian , Kuo Calvin , Christenson Jim , Shadgan Babak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Outcomes highly depend on the SCA-to-resuscitation interval, highlighting the clinical need for quick and reliable SCA detection. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive optical technique, may have utility for SCA detection. We investigated the ability of hindlimb transcutaneous NIRS to detect changes with pentobarbital-induced cardiac arrest in eight Yucatan miniature pigs. NIRS measurements during cardiac arrest were compared to invasively acquired carotid blood pressure and spinal cord tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2). We observed statistically significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) 64.68 mmHg ± 13.08, p = 0.016), spinal cord PO2 (38.16 mmHg ± 20.04, p = 0.016), and NIRS-derived tissue oxygen saturation (TSI%) (14.50% ± 3.80, p = 0.0078) from baseline to 5 minutes after pentobarbital administration. Euthanasia-to-first change in hemodynamics for MAP and TSI (%) were similar [MAP (10.43 ± 4.73 sec) vs TSI (%) (12.04 ± 1.85 sec), p = 0.605]. No significant difference was detected between NIRS and blood pressure-derived pulse rates during baseline periods (p > 0.99) and following pentobarbital administration (p = 0.97). Similar to invasive indices, transcutaneous NIRS demonstrated marked changes with cardiac arrest and was able to rapidly identify hemodynamic changes. Transcutaneous NIRS monitoring may present a novel and noninvasive approach to SCA detection.
Navigating the Efficacy and Prevalence of International Food Aid Programs in Addressing World Hunger and Associated Malnutrition Within Developing Countries
Authors: Rajesh Rijul , Paczkowski Madeline , O'Quinn Alexander , Rich Leah , Ryang Sohie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
800 million people globally are food insecure. This means that they are unable to obtain enough food to meet the most basic dietary needs. Many international programs exist to try and combat food insecurity. These programs can be led by governments or by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Some of these programs are more effective than others. Well-funded programs that precisely target those in need are often best at combating food insecurity in a region. Often, the problem is not a lack of food in a region but rather a lack of accessibility to food for those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. One example of an effective program is the Food for Peace program. This program provides billions of dollars directly to those who lack sufficient food, especially in times of emergency. Programs like Food for Peace have been involved in the creation of regulations in an attempt to mitigate and solve a few causes of food insecurity. With provisional enterprises such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) involved in attaining sufficient nutrition through providing food labels and through providing agricultural teaching to underdeveloped countries, international food aid programs seem increasingly beneficial towards dismantling world hunger. However, it becomes prudent for researchers and corporations dedicated to correcting such a malpractice to conceive that prior corporations and initiatives including the introduction of golden rice have been particularly impractical. However, these programs can prove to be quite useful in the long run, as they can provide an equitable technique in installing accessible food aid programs globally. A major way to combat food insecurity is through the implementation of genetically-modified crops. These crops, while they do pose risks, such as cross-contamination and an increase in pesticide-resistant insects, also have benefits, such as pest-resistance, increased crop yield, greater economic benefits, and the ability to offset greenhouse gas emissions.Programs that implement genetically modified food growth can be beneficial to communities, as they permit for increased independence and increased vitamins and nutrients in the food supply. These nutrients would otherwise be provided through supplements, an unsustainable method, as this process could be disrupted in many ways. Allowing farmers to grow their own genetically modified crops allows them a sustainable and nutrient-rich diet that they likely would not otherwise be able to maintain through another aid source.
Community detection methods for directed graphs
Authors: DANG Tien Dat , DO Duy Hieu , PHAN Thi Ha Duong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Community detection has been developed extensively with many different algorithms. One of the most powerful algorithms on undirected graphs is Walktrap, whose idea is to define the distance between vertices by using random walk and to evaluate the clusters by modularity function based on the degree of vertices. Although there are many directions to develop this method for directed graphs, none of those are effective. In this paper, we are interested in studying the Walktrap algorithm \cite{latapy}, the spectral method \cite{main}, and then extending them for directed graphs. We propose a new approach, in which the distance between vertices is defined by hitting time, and the modularity is computed based on the stationary distribution of a random walk. These definitions are very effective because of the development of algorithms about the hitting time and the stationary distribution so it is possible to compute them in good complexity. In particular, our proposed method can apply to directed graphs and the well-known results on undirected graphs are special cases. Besides, we also use the spectral method for these problems. And finally, we have also implemented our algorithms to demonstrate the plausibility and effectiveness of these methods.
Anaerobes in Surgical Infections- Eastern Nepal
Authors: Dewasy Bijoylakshmi , Singh T. Shantikumar , Singh Anjana , Pokhare Hanoon P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: In surgical infections, anaerobic bacteria are known to be major pathogens. Some are extremely dangerous and have a high fatality rate. The purpose of the study was to extract and identify anaerobic bacteria from surgical infections using a standard technique.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital (BMCTH) over the course of a year. In the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM), tissue, pus and fluid aspirates were collected aseptically for culture. Each sample was subcultured on anaerobic blood agar with metronidazole disc (5g). GasPak was used to incubate the plates for 48 hours in an anaerobic jar and identified using standard and rapid VITEK 2 automated methods.Results: Anaerobes were isolated from 53 (13.6%) of the 390 samples. A total of 390 specimens were collected from patients admitted in surgical ward. The most common infections with anaerobic etiology was necrotizing lesions 66 (16.9%), followed by liver abscess 64 (16.4%). Fifty three (13.5%) anaerobes and 168 (43%) aerobes were isolated from surgical patients. Bacteroides species (38%) were the most prevalent, followed by Prevotella species (26%) and among aerobes Staphylococcus aureus (24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%) were common isolates. Anaerobic bacteria were found as monomicrobial (8.5%) and polymicrobial (5%). Bacteroides fragilis (19%) was the most common species, followed by Prevotella melaninogenica (13%). The most common anaerobic coccus isolated was Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (13 %). The most common infections with anaerobic etiology were liver abscess 11(21.7%), followed by appendicular infections 9 (17 %).Conclusion: The laboratory investigations in patients admitted in various surgical units for cases suspected of pyogenic infections should includes investigations for anaerobic infections for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in order to minimize treatment failures.
Diverse yet selective tuning of an odorant receptor for sensing four classes of musk compounds
Authors: Yoshikawa Keiichi , Deguchi Jun , Jieying Hu , Lu Hsiu-Yi , Matsunami Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Musk was originally identified in male musk deer and other mammals to mark territories and attract females. In humans, musk compounds are widely used in perfumes and consumer products for their superior perceptual odor quality. Strikingly diverse natural and synthetic chemicals have similar “musky” odor, which has resulted in diverse models of musk odor perception and has raised questions regarding simplistic associations between chemical features and odor quality. Scientists’ lack of understanding of this principle has hampered the design of a novel musk compound. Here, we functionally identified the odorant receptor, OR5A2, as a receptor for the musky odor of diverse musk compounds. First, we discovered that engineered OR5A2 with enhanced expression in heterologous cells is sensitive and selective to musk compounds in all four structural classes. Second, the clarified functional variation of OR5A2 accounts for the reported association between genetic variation and perception in a musk compound. Finally, the revealed ligand selectivity of OR5A2 provides insight into developing a trained model for machine learning-based virtual screening of candidates for a new musk compound. We propose that OR5A2 contributes to the long-sought gateway for sensing musk compounds and generating its unique odor quality.
Patient priority setting in HIV ageing research: exploring the feasibility of community engagement and involvement in Tanzania.
Authors: Clarke Elle , Anderson-Saria Grace , Kisoli Aloyce , Urasa Sarah , Moloney Susan , Safic Ssenku , Rogathe Jane , Walker Richard , Robinson Louise , Paddick Stella-Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe chronic complications of ageing with HIV are not well studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where general healthcare resources are limited. We aimed to collaborate with individuals living with HIV aged ≥50 years, and community elders (aged ≥60 years) living with non-communicable diseases in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania in a health research priority-setting exercise.MethodsWe conducted structured workshops based on broad questions to aid discussion and group-based patient priority setting, alongside discussion of feasibility of future community research engagement. Participant priorities were tallied and ranked to arrive at core priorities from consensus discussion. ResultsThirty older people living with HIV and thirty community elders attended priority setting workshops. Both groups reported motivation to participate in, conduct and oversee future studies. In this resource-limited setting, basic needs such as healthcare access were prioritised much higher than specific HIV-complications or chronic disease. Stigma and social isolation were also highly prioritised in those living with HIV.ConclusionsCommunity engagement and involvement in HIV and ageing research appears feasible in Tanzania. Ageing and non-communicable disease research should consider the wider context, and lack of basic needs in low-income settings. A greater impact may be achieved with community involvement.