bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid optimization for optimal positioning and sizing of distributed generators in unbalanced distribution networks
Authors: Mhetre Santosh Laxman , Korachagaon Iranna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The goal of this work is to reduce power loss and improve voltage profile by formulating the optimal DG placement problem as a restricted nonlinear optimisation problem. As a novelty, the proposed hybrid algorithm, referred to as Multifactor Update-based Hybrid Model (MUHM) is constructed by merging the concepts of Lion Algorithm (LA) & Sea Lion Algorithm (Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm (SLnO). The Forward-Backward Sweep (FBSM) Model is used to calculate the power loss. Three test cases are examined for the voltage profile & loss minimization in the feeder team with DGs: “case 1(DG supplying real power alone (P), case 2 (DG supplying reactive power alone (Q) and Case 3 (DG supplying both real and reactive power)”. Application of the suggested method to various IEEE test systems, including IEEE 33, IEEE 123, and IEEE 69, respectively, is used to assess its efficacy. According, the results show that the presented work at loading percentage = 0 is 12, 15, 135, 4.65, and 8 superior to SFF, BBO, BAT, LA and SLnO, respectively.
Reducing uncertainty in genetic testing with Saturation Genome Editing
Authors: Dace Phoebe , Findlay Gregory M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accurate interpretation of human genetic data is critical for optimizing outcomes in the era of genomic medicine. Powerful methods for testing genetic variants for functional effects are allowing researchers to characterize thousands of variants across disease genes. Here, we review experimental tools enabling highly scalable assays of variants, focusing specifically on Saturation Genome Editing (SGE). We discuss examples of how this technique is being implemented for variant testing at scale and describe how SGE data for BRCA1 have been clinically validated and used to aid variant interpretation. The initial success at predicting variant pathogenicity with SGE has spurred efforts to expand this and related techniques to many more genes.
Systematic assays and resources for the functional annotation of non-coding variants
Authors: Kircher Martin , Ludwig Kerstin U. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Identification of genetic variation in individual genomes is now a routine procedure in human genetic research and diagnostics. For many variants, however, insufficient evidence is available to establish a pathogenic effect, particularly for variants in non-coding regions. Furthermore, the sheer number of candidate variants renders testing in individual assays virtually impossible. While scalable approaches are being developed, the selection of methods and resources and the application of a given framework to a particular disease or trait remain major challenges. This limits the translation of results from both genome-wide association studies and genome sequencing. Here, we discuss computational and experimental approaches available for functional annotation of non-coding variation.
Manufacturing and FSW of hybrid functionally graded metal matrix composite
Authors: Avcı Uğur , Temiz Şemsettin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the manufacturing of hybrid functionally graded metal matrix composite (HFGMMC) using Al7039 alloy matrix phase which is used as armor material in today’s world. In this context, manufacturing stages of matrix material were analyzed, and necessary parameters were determined for remanufacturing using casting method. With the determined parameters, the matrix material was reinforced by SiC, Al2O3, and B4C particles in different volume rates at an average size of 3–10 µm using stir casting method. Three metal matrix composite (MMC) plates which were manufactured using different reinforcement particles in different volume rates were joined as semi-solid with the effect of temperature and pressure in a specially designed mold. In order to complete the manufacturing process, hot forging, and heat treatment were applied to the manufactured composite plate in accordance with the parameters determined in the manufacturing of the matrix. The manufactured MMC and HFGMMC plates were compared in terms of their micro structure, micro hardness, tensile strength, and wear behavior. Finally, HFGMMC plates were joined together by friction stir welding (FSW) in order to analyze their micro structures and mechanical properties after welding.
Microstructure, tensile properties and fracture toughness of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy joints
Authors: Parasuraman Prabhuraj , Sonar Tushar , Rajakumar Selvaraj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this investigation is to study the microstructure, tensile properties and fracture toughness of friction stir welded (FSW) butt joints of 10 mm thick AA7075-T651 plates. The microstructural features of stir zone (SZ), thermos-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) were analyzed using optical microscopy technique. The tensile properties were evaluated using smooth and notch tensile specimens and compared to base metal properties. The microhardness survey was done across the weld cross section and correlated to the failure of tensile specimens. Compact tension (CT) specimens were used to evaluate the fracture toughness of welded joints. The fractured tensile and CT specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the FSW AA7075-T651 specimens welded using axial load of 12 kN, tool rotation speed of 750 rpm and welding speed of 30 mm/min exhibited 412 MPa tensile strength and 9% elongation. It showed 88 and 89% of base metal strength elongation. The joints showed fracture toughness of 23 MPa m1/2 which is 80% of base metal fracture toughness. The superior tensile and fracture toughness properties of joints are mainly attributed to the evolution of finer grains in SZ due to the stirring action of FSW tool.
Russland-Politik in der Ära Merkel
Authors: Heinemann-Grüder Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Kurzfassung
Die vier Kanzlerschaften von Angela Merkel (2005–2021) stehen in der Tradition deutscher Russlandpolitik. Die Politik der Partnerschaft hatte während der ergebnisoffenen Transformation Russlands in den 1990er Jahren ihre Berechtigung. Sie verlor aber mit dem Regime, das Putin repräsentierte, ihre Grundlage. Ein Wandel der deutschen Politik blieb allerdings aus, weil die beteiligten Politiker ihr Selbstbild und die Wirtschaftsakteure ihre ökonomischen Vorteile nicht preisgeben wollten. Obschon es frühzeitig Warnungen vor der autoritären Regression in Russland gab, kooperierte die deutsche Politik mit einem zutiefst korrupten und autoritären Regime und ermöglichte ihm den Zugriff auf kritische Infrastrukturen in Deutschland. Der Krieg gegen die Ukraine hat diese Illusionen deutscher Politik zerstört.
Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the NICU for Diagnostic and Procedural Purposes
Authors: Stewart Dan L. , Elsayed Yasser , Fraga María V. , Coley Brian D. , Annam Aparna , Milla Sarah Sarvis ,   THE COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN AND SECTION ON RADIOLOGY, Eichenwald Eric , Guillory Charleta , Hand Ivan , Hudak Mark , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Lucke Ashley , Parker Margaret , Pramanik Arun , Wade Kelly , Jancelewicz Timothy , Narvey Michael , Miller Russell , Barfield RADM Wanda , Grisham Lisa , Couto Jim ,   Section on Radiology Executive Committee, 2021–2022, Otero Hansel J. , Acharya Patricia Trinidad , Alazraki Adina Lynn , Benya Ellen , Brown Brandon P. , Daugherty Reza James , Richer Edward , Laskosz Laura 
Published: November 2022

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) refers to the use of portable imaging performed by the provider clinician at the bedside for diagnostic, therapeutic, and procedural purposes. POCUS could be considered an extension of the physical examination but not a substitute for diagnostic imaging. Use of POCUS in emergency situations can be lifesaving in the NICU if performed in a timely fashion for cardiac tamponade, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, etc, with potential for enhancing quality of care and improving outcomes.
In the past 2 decades, POCUS has gained significant acceptance in clinical medicine in many parts of the world and in many subspecialties. Formal accredited training and certification programs are available for neonatology trainees as well as for many other subspecialties in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Although no formal training program or certification is available to neonatologists in Europe, POCUS is widely available to providers in NICUs. A formal institutional POCUS fellowship is now available in Canada. In the United States, many clinicians have the skills to perform POCUS and have incorporated it in their daily clinical practice. However, appropriate equipment remains limited, and many barriers exist to POCUS program implementation.
Recently, the first international evidence-based POCUS guidelines for use in neonatology and pediatric critical care were published. Considering the potential benefits, a recent national survey of neonatologists confirmed that the majority of clinicians were inclined to adopt POCUS in their clinical practice if the barriers could be resolved.
This technical report describes many potential POCUS applications in the NICU for diagnostic and procedural purposes.
Enterococci in the dairy and sausage industry: Is sanitation sufficient to remove biofilm?
Authors: Furlaneto-Maia L. , Mücke N. , Furlaneto M.C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnterococcus spp. were isolated from sausage and yogurt line production. The genomic assay was performed by PCR, and distinct enterococci (n = 28) were identified. Testing revealed that 10.7% of the isolates had a resistant phenotype, 7.1% were resistant to erythromycin (Enterococcus faecium) and 3.5% were resistant to tetracycline (Enterococcus gallinarum). Enterococci cells and biofilm formation in 24 well polystyrene plates and the effect of sanitisation procedures in these biofilms were determined. The sanitisers were chlorinated alkaline H (CAH), chlorinated alkaline A (CAA), quaternary ammonium D (QAD), quaternary ammonium M (QAM), chlorine dioxide (CD), sodium hypochlorite (SH), and peracetic acid (PA). A total of 7 isolates (25%) moderately and the others poorly formed biofilms. The best reduction results were 61 and 55% of the cells with the CAH sanitiser in BHI and water, respectively. The PAA, SH, and CD sanitisers showed low efficiency on Enterococcus planctonics, and the other had an effect on cell growth. The sanitisers CAH, QAD, QAM, PAA, and SH showed efficiency in reducing the cell viability of Enterococcus in biofilms, and values obtained from CAA and CD suggested low biofilm removal capacity. Enterococcus spp. form biofilms and have become a problem in the food industry.
A review of Gum Metal: Developments over the years and new perspectives
Authors: da Silva Murillo Romero , Plaine Athos Henrique , Pinotti Vitor Eduardo , Mazzer Eric Marchezini , Bolfarini Claudemiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGum Metals are β-Ti alloys that present only non-toxic elements in their composition, low elastic modulus, good formability, and excellent biocompatibility. The composition of these alloys needs to fulfill some electronic criteria to present their typical properties. In addition, during their processing, Gum Metal must be significantly deformed, which can be obtained by cold rolling or swaging. Over the last years, several new processing routes and alloy compositions have been proposed to meet these requirements, expanding the range of properties for Gum Metal, and increasing their extent of application. Although being relatively new, Gum Metal has been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of a review that encompasses the findings obtained over the years, as well as its future perspectives. This review aims to critically discuss and analyze Gum Metal development, with a special focus on new compositions, processing routes, and applications. Moreover, future perspectives are explored as well.
Graphical abstract
The strain in the array is mainly in the plane (waves below ∼1 Hz)
Authors: Gomberg J. , Pavlis G. , Bodin P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe compare geodetic and single-station methods of measuring dynamic deformations and characterize their causes in the frequency bands 0.5-1.0 Hz and 4.0-8.0 Hz. The geodetic approach utilizes data from small-aperture seismic arrays, applying techniques from geodesy. It requires relatively few assumptions and a priori information. The single-station method uses ground velocities recorded at isolated or single stations and assumes all the deformation is due to plane-wave propagation. It also requires knowledge of the azimuth and horizontal velocity of waves arriving at the recording station. Data employed come from a small-aperture, dense seismic array deployed in Geyokcha, Turkmenistan, and include seismograms recorded by broadband STS2 and short-period L28 sensors. Poor agreement between geodetic and single-station estimates in the 4.0-8.0 Hz passband indicates that the displacement field may vary nonlinearly with distance over distances of ∼50 m. STS2 geodetic estimates provide a robust standard in the 0.5-1.0 Hz passband because they appear to be computationally stable and require fewer assumptions than single-station estimates. The agreement between STS2 geodetic estimates and single-station L28 estimates is surprisingly good for the S-wave and early surface waves, suggesting that the single-station analysis should be useful with commonly available data. These results indicate that, in the 0.5 to 1.0 Hz passband, the primary source of dynamic deformation is plane-wave propagation along great-circle source-receiver paths. For later arriving energy, the effects of scattering become important. The local structure beneath the array exerts a strong control on the geometry of the dynamic deformation, implying that it may be difficult to infer source characteristics of modern or paleoearthquakes from indicators of dynamic deformations. However, strong site control also suggests that the dynamic deformations may be predictable, which would be useful for engineering seismically resistant structures.
Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake
Authors: Hartzell Stephen , Harmsen Stephen , Frankel Arthur , Larsen Shawn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation techniques are divided into two general methods: kinematic- and composite-fault models. Green's functions of three types are evaluated: stochastic, empirical, and theoretical. A hybrid scheme is found to give the best fit to the Northridge data. Low frequencies (&lt; 1 Hz) are calculated using a kinematic-fault model and a 3D finite-difference code to propagate energy through a realistic 3D velocity structure. High frequencies (&gt; 1 Hz) are calculated using a composite-fault model with a fractal subevent size distribution and stochastic, bandlimited, white-noise Green's functions. At frequencies below 1 Hz, theoretical elastic-wave-propagation synthetics introduce proper seismic-phase arrivals of body waves and surface waves. The 3D velocity structure more accurately reproduces record durations for the deep sedimentary basin structures found in the Los Angeles region. At frequencies above 1 Hz, scattering effects become important and wave propagation is more accurately represented by stochastic Green's functions. A fractal subevent size distribution for the composite fault model ensures an ω−2 spectral shape over the entire frequency band considered (0.1-20 Hz).
Aftershocks of an explosively induced mine collapse at White Pine, Michigan
Authors: Scott Phillips W. , Criag Pearson D. , Yang Xiaoning , Stump Brian W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe recorded an explosively induced, 320-m-deep mine collapse and subsequent aftershocks at White Pine, Michigan, using an array of 12 seismic stations, sited within 1 km of surface ground zero. The collapse, which followed the rubblizing of a 2 × 104 m2 panel of a room-and-pillar copper mine, was induced to facilitate leaching operations. The explosions produced little seismic energy; however, fracturing and collapse stages produced large signals that were observed at distances up to 900 km, yielding a magnitude (mbLg) of 2.8. Previous work showed the initial collapse to be an expanding seismic source, interpreted as an opening tensile crack, opposite to the implosional character most often observed for natural mine collapses (Yang et al., 1998). We counted over 4000 aftershocks; their occurrence rate followed the modified Omori law: rate = 560 (time − 0.01)−1.3, with time in hours. Based on P-wave polarities, we identified events of shear-slip, implosional, and tensile character in the aftershock sequence. For shear-slip events, we found stress drops of 1 bar or less, seismic moments of 1015−1017 dyne cm, (Mw−0.8−0.5) and source radii of 10-50 m. Corner frequencies for implosional events were relatively low, an indication that the collapsed cavity played a role in the source process. This caused implosional events to separate from other events in source parameter plots, providing a technique for classifying events of unknown type. We obtained locations of 135 aftershocks using P- and S-wave data. The aftershock zone was less than 100-m thick, situated just above and along the western, mined edge of the collapsed mine panel. Implosional events occurred at the bottom of the active volume, while shear-slip events were distributed throughout. Shear-slip focal mechanisms indicated thrusting along north-striking planes, consistent with the high, eastwest regional compressive stress, coupled with a local decrease in vertical stress. The inferred deficit of vertical stress above the western panel edge following collapse indicated that overburden load shifted preferentially to the surrounding, unmined areas, consistent with lower-than-predicted stresses measured in the first row of intact pillars.
RegionalVp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri
Authors: Catchings R. D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModels of P- and S-wave velocity, Vp/Vs ratios, Poisson's ratios, and density for the crust and upper mantle are presented along a 400-km-long profile trending from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri. The profile crosses the New Madrid seismic zone and reveals distinct regional variations in the crustal velocity structure north and south of the latitude of New Madrid. In the south near Memphis, the upper few kilometers of the crust are dominated by upper crustal sedimentary basins or graben with P-wave velocities less than 5 km/sec and S-wave velocities of about 2 km/sec. P-wave velocities of the upper and middle crust range from 6.0 to 6.5 km/sec at depths above 25 km, and corresponding S-wave velocities range from 3.5 to 3.7 km/sec. The lower crust consists of a high-velocity layer (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs ∼4.2 km/sec) that is up to 20-km thick at the latitude of New Madrid but thins to about 15 km near Memphis. To the north, beneath the western-most Illinois basin, low-velocity (Vp &lt; 5 km/sec; Vs &lt; 2.3 km/sec) sedimentary basins are less than 1-km deep. The average velocities (Vp = 6.0 km/sec; Vs = 3.5 km/sec) of the underlying, near-surface rocks argue against large thicknesses of unconsolidated or noncarbonate sediments within 50 km of the western edge of the Illinois basin. Most of the crust beneath the Illinois basin is modeled as one layer, with velocities up to 6.8 km/sec (Vs = 3.7 km/sec) at 37-km depth. The thick, high-velocity (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs ∼4.2 km/sec) lower crustal layer thins from about 20 km near New Madrid to about 6 km beneath the western Illinois basin. Refractions from the Moho and upper mantle occur as first arrivals over distances as a great as 160 km and reveal upper mantle layering to 60 km depth. Upper mantle layers with P-wave velocities of 8.2 km/sec (Vs = 4.5 km/sec) and 8.4 km/sec (Vs = 4.7 km/sec) are modeled at 43 and 60 km depth, respectively. Crustal Vp/Vs ratios range between 1.74 and 1.83, and upper mantle Vp/V s ratios range from 1.78 to 1.84. Poisson's ratios range from about 0.26 to 0.33 in the crust and from about 0.27 to 0.29 in the upper mantle. Modeled average densities range from about 2.55 in the sedimentary basins to 3.43 in the upper mantle. Geophysical characteristics of the crust and upper mantle within the New Madrid seismic zone are consistent with other continental rifts, but the crustal structure of the Illinois basin is not characteristics of most continental rift settings. Seismic and gravity data suggest a buried horst near the middle of Reelfoot rift, beneath which is a vertical zone of seismicity and velocity anomalies. The relative depth of the Reelfoot rift north and south of the Reelfoot graben suggests that the rift and its bounding faults may extend eastward beneath the city of Memphis.
Probiotic Properties and Physicochemical Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Moroccan Table Olives
Authors: Issaoui K. El , Senhaji N.S. , Wieme A. , Abrini J. , Khay E.O. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria which are widely used in the food industry as organic ferments called starter cultures. In this study, Enterococcus faecium, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarumisolated from Moroccan table olives were tested for their acquisition of probiotic and technological properties.
Methods: The 5 strains were previously isolated from table olives in 2017. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) and intergenic space sequencing were used for molecular identification. Following that, probiotic and physicochemical properties were evaluated, including growth at different pH levels (2, 3, and 10), temperatures (7, 45, and 50 °C), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (6.5 and 18% m/v). Antibacterial activity was tested out against Gram-positive and Gram-negatives bacteria.
Results: The 5 strains (E. faecium 168, L. lactis 9, L. plantarum 11, L. mesenteroides 62, and W. paramesenteroides36) showed an ability to grow at low temperatures (7 °C). L. lactis 9 and L. plantarum 11 showed higher acid (pH 2) and salt (18% NaCl) tolerances. In addition, L. lactis 9 and L. plantarum 11 exhibited the highest level of free radical scavenging activity after 48 h of incubation, respectively). L. plantarum 11 and E. faecium 168 showed the highest antibacterial capacity. However, E. faecium 168 and W. paramesenteroides 36 demonstrated better and more rapid acid production capabilities.
Conclusion: L. plantarum 11, E. faecium 168, and W. paramesenteroides 36 were considered the best candidates as probiotic cultures for further in vivo studies and functional food product development.