bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visibility, wind speed, and dew point temperature are important factors in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmissibility
Authors: Zhou Dansha , Wang Elizabeth W. , Hou Chi , Liao Jing , Zhang Jiarui , Fu Xin , Chen Jiyuan , Xing Yue , Hong Wei , Zhang Zhe , Chen Yuanwei , Feng Huazhuo , Chen Yilin , Yang Qifeng , Zhang Huosheng , Li Zicong , Feng Weici , Wang Ting , Lin Ziying , Zhang Chenting , Yang Kai , Lu Wenju , Wang Jian , Chen Yuqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide evidence for the influencing factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) virus mutation by determining the impact of geographical and meteorological factors on SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, and the different impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant strains. From January 20 to March 10, 2020, we collected a number of daily confirmed new cases and meteorological factors in all cities and regions in China and Italy affected by the Alpha “variants of concern” (VOC). We also collected the daily confirmed cases of the Delta VOC infection in China and Italy from May 21 to November 30, 2021. The relationships between daily meteorological data and daily verified new cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission were then investigated using a general additive model (GAM) with a log link function and Poisson family. The results revealed that latitude was substantially connected with daily confirmed new instances of the Alpha VOC, while there was no such correlation with Delta VOC transmission. When visibility is greater than 7 m, the propagation of the Alpha and Delta VOCs in Italy and China can be controlled. Furthermore, greater temperatures and increased wind speed reduce the transmission of the Alpha and Delta VOCs. In conclusion, geographical and meteorological factors play an important role in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmissibility and should be considered in virus mitigation strategies.
The impact of the QBO on the region of the tropical tropopause in QBOi models: Present‐day simulations
Authors: Serva F. , Anstey J. A. , Bushell A. C. , Butchart N. , Cagnazzo C. , Gray L. J. , Kawatani Y. , Osprey S. M. , Richter J. H. , Simpson I. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe processes occurring in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are of great importance for stratosphere–troposphere exchanges and the variability of the Earth's climate. Previous studies demonstrated the increasing ability of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) in simulating the TTL, depending on factors such as the horizontal and vertical resolution, with the major role for physical parametrizations. In this work we assess the mean state and variability of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere simulated by 13 AGCMs of the Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) for the historical period. As these models internally generate quasi‐biennial oscillations (QBOs) of the stratospheric zonal wind, we can analyse the simulated QBO influence on the TTL on interannual time‐scales. We find that model biases in temperature near the tropopause are strongly related to water vapour concentrations in the lower stratosphere. A source of intermodel spread derives from stratospheric aerosols, as the responses to eruptions differ between those models prescribing volcanic aerosol forcing. The QBO influence on the thermal structure is generally realistic in the equatorial region, but the subtropical response is weak compared with the reanalysis. This is associated with a limited downward penetration of QBO winds, generally smaller QBO meridional widths, and weaker temperature anomalies, which disappear above the tropopause for most models. We discuss the QBO impacts on tropopause pressure and precipitation, characterized by large uncertainties due to the small signal in the observational records and sampling uncertainty. Realistic QBO connection with the troposphere in some models suggests that the underlying physical processes can be correctly simulated. Overall, we find that the QBOi models have limited ability to reproduce the observed modulation of the TTL processes, which is consistent with biases in the vertical and latitudinal extent of the simulated QBOs degrading this connection.
A geometric process with Hjorth marginal: Estimation, discrimination, and reliability data modeling
Authors: DEMİRCİ BİÇER Hayrinisa , BİÇER Cenker , BAKOUCH Hassan Salah Hassan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe geometric process is one of the important simple monotonic processes with a positive ratio parameter in the theory of stochastic processes. Simply, it can be thought of as a generalization of the renewal process (RP). In the current paper, we mainly study the geometric process with the Hjorth marginal distribution, with parameters θ and λ, for being able to model the successive inter‐arrival times with a trend. We first examine inference problem for the mentioned process from different perspectives and obtain the different estimators of its parameters by employing different estimation methods such as maximum likelihood, modified moments, modified maximum spacing, and modified least‐squares. The efficiencies of these estimators are compared via a series of extensive simulation studies in the paper. Further, we give also a discrimination statistic for discriminating among geometric processes with the Hjorth distribution and its alternatives. This is quite important to select the optimal geometric process model for data. Finally, a modeling study by using the geometric process with the Hjorth distribution is provided in detail to display its effectiveness to model the reliability data sets.
Unveiling the structure‐reactivity relationship involved in the reaction mechanism of the HCl‐catalyzed alkyl t‐butyl ethers thermal decomposition. A computational study
Authors: Cuesta Sebastián A. , Mora José R. , Meneses Lorena M. , Márquez Edgar A. , Flores‐Morales Virginia , Rincón Luis , Torres Fernando J. , Zambrano Cesar H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe gas‐phase thermal decomposition of a series of alkyl t‐butyl ethers catalyzed by hydrogen chloride is theoretically studied at the ωB97XD/6‐311++g(d)//CCSD(T)/6‐311++g(d) level. The experimental activation free energy for three known systems namely: t‐butyl methyl ether, t‐butyl ethyl ether, and t‐butyl isopropyl ether is used for validation of the proposed theoretical model as the transition state (TS). The chemical process was characterized using intrinsic reaction coordinate, reaction force, and reaction electronic flux profiles. The Cαδ+Oδ− polarization was identified as the determining factor in the rate‐limiting step. Upon functionalization on the Cα, 24 new compounds with different electron‐withdrawing and donating groups were studied. A good multiple‐linear correlation (R2 = 0.88) was found between the Ln(kX/kH) as the response variable and the Taft‐Topsom substituent parameters as attributes. This result supports the reliability and predictability of the proposed transition state model at this level of theory.
Design and analysis of a wireless power transfer system for capsule robot using an optimised planar square spiral transmitting coil pair
Authors: Zhuang Haoyu , Wang Wei , Zhao Kai , Fei Qian , Yan Guozheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe wireless power transfer system (WPTS) is a promising way to continuously provide efficient and stable power for gastrointestinal capsule robots with active movement ability.MethodsThe proposed WPTS using an optimised planar square spiral transmitting coil pair with space‐saving structure can flexibly adjust the distance between the coils according to the patient's condition, and thus has better applicability. To improve power transfer efficiency and uniformity of the generated magnetic field, design parameters are discussed and optimised based on the analytical calculation and simulation analysis.ResultsThe power demand can be guaranteed with spacing distance of 350–500 mm and the peak received power of 1124 mW with a remarkable transfer efficiency of 7.8% can be obtained when the spacing reaches the minimum. The human electromagnetic exposure safety in different situations is also discussed and verified.ConclusionsThe WPTS can provide power for capsule robots safely and efficiently.
Engineering Pollen‐Derived Microstructures to Reveal Material Morpho‐Performance Paradigm
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Ting , Cheng Xiaowen , Wang Bin , Guo Yijia , Liu Zhengzuo , Jiang Hao , Lu Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe morphologies of micromaterials play a key role in their functionality and efficiency across a broad range of applications, including catalysis, environmental remediation, and drug delivery. However, the relationships between the morphologies and performances of micromaterials still need to be further understood, to guide the rational design of effective morphologies for specific applications. A pollen‐derived microstructure library containing multivariate morphological characterization and functional performance data is proposed and constructed here. Systematic multivariate correlation analysis is conducted to extract the key morphological factors influencing the photocatalytic and adsorption efficiencies, to reveal the morpho–performance relationships of pollen‐derived microstructures. Subsequently, a chrysanthemum‐derived microstructure is selected as a typical candidate; it features a unique morphology suitable for advanced photocatalysis and dynamic environmental remediation. To summarize, the construction of a pollen‐derived microstructure library offers a powerful tool for studying the morpho–performance relationships of micromaterials; this can provide significant guidance and inspiration for the rational design of micro/nanomaterials for numerous applications.
Facilitating Hot Electron Injection from Graphene to Semiconductor by Rectifying Contact for Vis–NIR‐Driven H2O2 Production
Authors: Hu Wei‐Yao , Li Qi‐Yuan , Zhai Guang‐Yao , Lin Yun‐Xiao , Li Dong , He Xiao‐Xiao , Lin Xiu , Xu Dong , Sun Lu‐Han , Zhang Shi‐Nan , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Li Xin‐Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolar‐driven production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an important industrial chemical oxidant with an extensive range of applications, from oxygen reduction is a sustainable alternative to mainstream anthraquinone oxidation and direct hydrogenation of dioxygen methods. The efficiency of solar to hydrogen peroxide over semiconductor‐based photocatalysts is still largely limited by the narrow light absorption to visible light. Here, the authors proposed and demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept application of light‐generated hot electrons in a graphene/semiconductor (exemplified with widely used TiO2) dyad to largely extend visible light spectra up to 800 nm for efficient H2O2 production. The well‐designed graphene/semiconductor heterojunction has a rectifying interface with a zero barrier for the hot electron injection, largely boosting excited hot electrons with an average lifetime of ≈0.5 ps into charge carriers with a long fluorescent lifetime (4.0 ns) for subsequent H2O2 production. The optimized dyadic photocatalyst can provide an H2O2 yield of 0.67 mm g–1 h–1 under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm), which is 20 times of the state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal‐free titanium oxide‐based photocatalyst, and even achieves an H2O2 yield of 0.14 mm g–1 h–1 upon photoexcitation by near‐infrared‐region light (≈800 nm).
Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide: A Route to Superhardness
Authors: Sun Rongxin , Wei Xudong , Hu Wentao , Ying Pan , Wu Yingju , Wang Linyan , Chen Shuai , Zhang Xiang , Ma Mengdong , Yu Dongli , Wang Lin , Gao Guoying , Xu Bo , Tian Yongjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuperhard materials other than diamond and cubic boron nitride have been actively pursued in the past two decades. Cubic silicon carbide, i.e., β‐SiC, is a well‐known hard material with typical hardness <30 GPa. Although nanostructuring has been proven to be effective in enhancing materials’ hardness by virtue of the Hall–Petch effect, it remains a significant challenge to improve hardness of β‐SiC beyond the superhard threshold of 40 GPa. Here, the fabrication of nanocrystalline β‐SiC bulks is reported by sintering nanoparticles under high pressure and high temperature. These β‐SiC bulks are densely sintered with average grain sizes down to 10 nm depending on the sintering conditions, and the Vickers hardness increases with decreasing grain size following the Hall–Petch relation. Particularly, the bulk sintered under 25 GPa and 1400 °C shows an average grain size of 10 nm and an asymptotic Vickers hardness of 41.5 GPa. Boosting the hardness of β‐SiC over the superhard threshold signifies an important progress in superhard materials research. A broader family of superhard materials is in sight through successful implementation of nanostructuring in other hard materials such as BP.
Static mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete reinforced with basalt fibers
Authors: Sha Haiyang , Liu Jinchun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, the effect of length (6, 12, and 18 mm) and volume fraction (0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%) of basalt fibers (BFs) on the static mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) was studied. The binding of BFs to matrix in BFRPC was investigated at the micro‐level by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that BFs effectively improved the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the RPC, despite the effect of different lengths. With the increase in the BFs volume fraction, the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength first increased and then decreased. And, for compressive strength, 6 and 12 mm BFs can improve the strength, while 18 mm BFs caused strength recession. Compared with the experimental groups, it was found that the overall performance of RPC with the BFs length of 12 mm and the volume fraction of 0.9% was the best. The research results have great significance in the engineering application of BFRPC.
Methylmercury induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells through the reactive oxygen species mediated caspase and poly ADP‐ribose polymerase/apoptosis‐inducing factor dependent pathways
Authors: Hou Shanshan , Zhang Xiayu , Ning Xiaofan , Wu Hao , Li Xinyue , Ma Kai , Hao Huifang , Lv Chunping , Li Chunrui , Du Zhongjun , Du Haiying , Jin Minghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxic substance, which can easily cross the blood–brain barrier, causing irreversible damage to the human central nervous system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various ways of intracellular physiological or pathological processes including neuronal apoptosis. This study attempted to explore the role of ROS‐mediated poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP)/apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) apoptosis signaling pathway in the process of MeHg‐induced cell death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y). Here, we found that SH‐SY5Y cells underwent apoptosis in response to MeHg, which was accompanied by the increased levels of ROS and calcium ion, and the activation of caspase cascades and PARP. Inhibiting the production of ROS can reduce the apoptosis rate to a certain extent. PARP/AIF apoptotic pathway is independent of caspase dependent signaling pathway and regulates it. In conclusion, these results suggest that ROS mediated activation of caspase pathway and PARP/AIF signaling pathway are involved in MeHg induced apoptosis, and these two pathways interact with each other.
Dirofilaria immitis prevention messaging: Knowledge and attitudes of students from North America attending the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts
Authors: Jonk Kaitlyn , Mauldin Pereira Mary , Ketzis Jennifer , Conan Anne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe expansion of vector‐borne diseases is considered to be a threat to pet health. Some diseases such as heartworm disease have effective individual prevention methods; however, population‐level disease control is limited by the lack of treatment compliance by pet owners. Veterinarians have a primary role in increasing compliance by educating owners on the appropriate prevention measures. Veterinary educational approaches targeting prevention strategies could strengthen prevention messaging at a clinic level.MethodsA knowledge and attitude study was conducted with incoming Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine students as a preliminary assessment of this hypothesis.ResultsSeventy‐three students were interviewed using a tested and standardised questionnaire during their first weeks and 38 answered the same questionnaire one year later. All of the participants had previous experience in a veterinary clinical setting. Knowledge about the disease was variable, usually higher in former veterinary technicians. Unfortunately, knowledge of heartworm prevention was low. In addition, willingness to share knowledge on disease prevention did not change even after one year in veterinary school.DiscussionThese results suggest that additions within the veterinary and veterinary technician school curriculum may be required to improve knowledge about disease prevention and ultimately promote better communication with pet owners and veterinary clinical teams.
A hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment: Evaporation and reverse osmosis/sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Bouchareb Raouf , Isik Zelal , Ozay Yasin , Karagunduz Ahmet , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment including evaporation and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested. Experiments were performed on a real landfill leachate wastewater. The leachate was subjected to evaporation; as a result, a distillate was obtained containing less organic matter and less substantial amounts of other pollutants, as ammonium salts and total phenols were removed. Tests were carried out at different evaporation temperatures and times. The initial leachate pH was adjusted and optimized. For optimum conditions, each of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenol, and ammonium salt concentrations were reduced to 99.99%, 95.00%, and 83.00%, respectively. The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system, as a first study, under different transmembrane pressure of 20, 30, and 40 bar and at different pH values of 7, 8, and 9. As a second suggested treatment system, the distillate was subjected to a biological treatment process for 30 days as a retention time, pH = 6, and room temperature 25°C ± 1°C. At the end of the research study, a comparison was conducted between results obtained with RO membrane separation and biological treatment system as two distinct treatment systems proposed for leachate landfill wastewater treatment. Although both systems were effective for landfill leachate wastewater treatment, however, with the RO membrane separation system, COD removal efficiency reached 99.99%. In the other hand, with biological treatment process, COD elimination was as much as 90.00%. Certainly, evaporation and RO are not novel ways of landfill leachate treatment; however, few studies have attempted to use similar combined system for landfill leachate wastewater treatment and attained effective results of treated water.Practitioner Points

A hybrid process of evaporation and RO membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested for leachate wastewater treatment.
For optimum conditions, COD, total phenols, and ammonium salt reductions were achieved to 99.99%, 95%, and 83%, respectively, after the first evaporation stage.
The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system and biological treatment system.
Different transmembrane pressure and different pH values were optimized for RO.
Advanced iron oxide nanotheranostics for multimodal and precision treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Lei , Mao Hui , Yang Lily 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite current advances in new approaches for cancer detection and treatment, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancer types. Difficult to detect early, aggressive tumor biology, and resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy result in a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with a 5‐year survival of 10%. With advances in cancer nanotechnology, new imaging and drug delivery approaches that allow the development of multifunctional nanotheranostic agents offer opportunities for improving pancreatic cancer treatment using precision oncology. In this review, we will introduce potential applications of innovative theranostic strategies to address major challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer at different disease stages. Several important issues concerning targeted delivery of theranostic nanoparticles and tumor stromal barriers are discussed. We then focus on the development of a magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle platform for multimodal therapy of pancreatic cancer, including MRI monitoring targeted nanoparticle/drug delivery, therapeutic response, and tumor re‐staging, activation of tumor immune response by immunoactivating nanoparticle and magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and intraoperative interventions for improving the outcome of targeted therapy.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
One-loop matching of the type-II seesaw model onto the Standard Model effective field theory
Authors: Li Xu , Zhang Di , Zhou Shun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we continue to construct the low-energy effective field theories (EFTs) of the canonical seesaw models, which are natural extensions of the Standard Model (SM) to accommodate tiny but nonzero neutrino masses. Different from three right-handed neutrino singlets in the type-I seesaw model, the Higgs triplet in the type-II seesaw model participates directly in the electroweak gauge interactions, rendering the EFT construction more challenging. By integrating out the heavy Higgs triplet in the functional-integral formalism, we carry out a complete one-loop matching of the type-II seesaw model onto the so-called Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). It turns out that 41 dimension-six operators (barring flavor structures and Hermitian conjugates) in the Warsaw basis of the SMEFT can be obtained, covering all those 31 dimension-six operators in the case of type-I seesaw model. The Wilson coefficients for 41 dimension-six operators are computed up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({M}_{\Delta }^{-2}\right) $$
O

M
∆

−
2

with M∆ being the mass scale of the Higgs triplet. Moreover, the branching ratios of rare radiative decays of charged leptons $$ {l}_{\alpha}^{-}\to {l}_{\beta}^{-}+\gamma $$

l
α
−

→

l
β
−

+
γ
are calculated in the EFT and compared with that in the full theory in order to demonstrate the practical application and the correctness of our EFT construction.
Non-planar elliptic vertex
Authors: Bezuglov M. A. , Onishchenko A. I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem of obtaining higher order in regularization parameter ε analytical results for master integrals with elliptics. The two commonly employed methods are provided by the use of differential equations and direct integration of parametric representations in terms of iterated integrals. Taking non-planar elliptic vertex as an example we show that in addition to two mentioned methods one can use analytical solution of differential equations in terms of power series. Moreover, in the last case it is possible to obtain the exact in ε results.