bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Early Onset Sepsis
Authors: You Ting , Zhou Yan-Rong , Liu Xiao-Chen , Li Lu-Quan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo identify risk factors associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infants with early onset sepsis (EOS) and to describe the clinical features.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2000 and October 2020. The infants were divided into ARDS and non-ARDS groups. Clinical characteristics and risk factors were compared between the two groups.ResultsTwo hundred fifty infants (58 with ARDS) were included. Smaller gestational age, lower birth weight (LBW), lower serum albumin level, a higher rate of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, antenatal steroid exposure, and lower Apgar score were associated with an increased development of ARDS by univariate analysis (P &lt; 0.05). LBW (β = −0.001, P = 0.000, OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998–0.999) and low serum albumin levels (β = −0.063, P = 0.022, OR: 0.939, 95% CI: 0.889–0.991) were identified as independent risk factors for the development of ARDS by logistic regression analysis. A higher frequency of complications, including persistent pulmonary hypertension, intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, septic shock, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, was found in the ARDS group (P &lt; 0.05). The rate of mortality was higher for those in the ARDS group than for those in the non-ARDS group (46.6% vs. 15.6%, χ2 = 24.205, P = 0.000).ConclusionAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in EOS could lead to a higher frequency of complications and mortality. The risk factors for the development of ARDS were LBW and low serum albumin levels.
A Chinese Medicine Formula (Bushen Huoxue Tongluo) for the Treatment of Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: A Study Protocol for a Pilot, Assessor-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei , Yeung Kammy N. K. , Tong Michael C. F. , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Chang Waitsz W. T. , Ng Iris H-Y. , Sum Chi Him , Leung Ka Chun , Chan Kam Leung , Ngan Kit , Tong Tie Jun 
Published: March 2022

Background: Tinnitus is a common problem worldwide. There is still no effective method to cure it. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may be a potentially effective treatment approach for tinnitus. However, there is still no clinical trial with scientifically rigorous methodology to evaluate the treatment effect of TCM for tinnitus. Therefore, we propose a pilot study to inform the feasibility of a future full-scale RCT to establish the efficacy of TCM formula for tinnitus.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a full-scale RCT and explore whether a TCM formula (BHT) has an additional effect on improving tinnitus when compared to informative counseling alone.Design: An assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial is used.Participants: Twenty-four patients with chronic subjective tinnitus will be enrolled.Interventions: The patients will be allocated randomly to receive a TCM formula (BHT, Bushen Huoxue Tongluo) and informative counseling or informative counseling alone. The oral BHT herbal granules will be taken twice per day continuously for 8 weeks.Main outcome measures: The primary outcomes include recruitment rate, intervention completion rate, and data completion rate to evaluate the feasibility. The secondary outcomes include Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, tinnitus functional index, tinnitus sensation level, self-rated visual analogue scale on tinnitus loudness and annoyance, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and adverse event. The outcome measures will be collected at baseline, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up.Discussion: This trial is currently ongoing and is recruiting patients. The expected study results will find some preliminary evidence about the clinical effectiveness of BHT on chronic tinnitus and will also determine if it is feasible to conduct a full-scale RCT of BHT and identify the necessary changes to the protocol if possible.
Development of a Fringe Printer With 0.35 μm Pixel Pitch
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeshi , Yoshikawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

The development of computational devices can provide computer-generated holograms (CGH) of over 100 Giga-pixel easily. The performance improvement of the graphical processing unit makes calculations faster with a normal personal computer. In contrast, the output device of CGH is not reported much. Since CGH is a fringe pattern, high resolution and fine pixel pitch are required for the output device. We have been developing a direct fringe printer, which consists of a laser, an X-Y stage, an SLM, and optical parts available on the market. Our previous report presented a liquid crystal panel, which was used for SLM that had full HD resolution and 7 μm pixel pitch. Since the Pixel pitch of the liquid crystal panel is not small enough for CGH, the optical setup works to demagnify the pixel pitch of the printed fringe pattern. To record high resolution CGH, the calculated fringe pattern is split and exposed in tiles by the X–Y stage. The results showed a 0.44 μm pixel pitch and over 100 Gpixel CGHs. However, to output more high-quality CGH, the development of pixel pitch and resolution is very important. In this paper, we review the optical system of a fringe printer that achieved an output of 0.35 μm pixel pitch CGH. We also investigate the performance of the new fringe printer.
Effects of Hip Joint Angle on Quadriceps Recruitment Pattern During Knee Extension in Healthy Individuals: Analysis by Ultrasound-Based Shear-Wave Elastography
Authors: Deng Weixin , Lin Ming , Yu Suiqing , Liang Hongying , Zhang Zhijie , Tang Chunzhi , Liu Chunlong 
Published: March 2022

Purposes: To detect the effects of hip joint position on the quadriceps recruitment pattern of different resistance levels of rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) in healthy people during knee extension.Methods: Twenty healthy females performed isometric knee extension contractions at 0, 10, 20, and 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with a 90° and 0° hip angle. Ultrasound shear-wave elastography was used to evaluate the shear elastic modulus of RF, VI, VL, and VMO during resting and contraction states.Results: At resting state, stiffness of RF was about 50% higher at 0° compared with at 90° of the hip (p &lt; 0.01). There were significant differences in comparisons between 0 and 10% MVIC, 10 and 20% MVIC, and 20 and 30% MVIC in the four muscles, except that there was no significant difference between 20 and 30% MVIC for RF. There was a significant positive correlation between muscle stiffness and resistance level (r = 0.78–0.94, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Hip joint position had effects on the quadriceps recruitment pattern of different resistance levels in healthy people during knee extension.
Developing a Model for the Establishment of the Hospice Care Delivery System for Iranian Adult Patients With Cancer
Authors: Beiranvand Samira , Rassouli Maryam , Hazrati Maryam , Molavynejad Shahram , Hojjat Suzanne , Zarea Kourosh 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMaking appropriate plans for the provision of hospice care is considered a perceived need in the Iranian health system. The current study aimed to develop a model for establishing hospice care delivery system for the adult patients with cancer.Materials and MethodsThis study is part (data of the third and fourth phases) of a larger study that has been done in four phases. This Health System Policy Research (HSPR) utilized a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. At the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted which explained the care needs and the requirements for establishing this system from the stakeholders’ perspective (directed content analysis). The second phase aimed to examine the current situation of hospice care delivery in Iran and identify and determine the similarities and differences among them in the selected countries (comparative study). At the third phase, the main areas of the model and the related indicators were extracted and prioritized by consulting with experts (Delphi survey). Then the model was formulated. At the fourth phase, the proposed model was validated and finalized in terms of importance, scientific acceptability, and feasibility.ResultsBased on the developed model the first and the most important step in establishing the hospice care delivery system is laying the groundwork in the health system which requires focusing on policymaking. It is necessary to establish hospice centers and implement public awareness raising programs, train, and supply expert manpower, strengthen family physician and referral process, formulate clinical guidelines, encourage the private sector and NGOs(Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).) to invest, develop end-of-life and hospice care service packages, and create quality care indicators. The proposed model had moderate feasibility.ConclusionThis model was developed based on the current Iranian healthcare structure and the needs of terminally ill cancer patients. It can be used as a model tailored to the current state of the health system and community in Iran. It is suggested to use this model as a pilot at the regional level.
Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent School Satisfaction: Does Schoolwork Support Affect This Association?
Authors: Horanicova Simona , Husarova Daniela , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , de Winter Andrea F. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to explore the association of family socioeconomic status (SES) and internal and external schoolwork support with adolescents’ school satisfaction and whether schoolwork support modifies these associations.MethodsData come from the cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-aged Children study collected in 2018 from Slovak 15-year-olds (N = 1127; 52.7% boys). SES was measured by Family Affluence Scale (low; middle; high). School satisfaction was measured via school engagement and attitudes toward education. Schoolwork support was measured regarding two groups of sources inside and outside the family, separately. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of SES and schoolwork support with school satisfaction as well as the moderating effect of schoolwork support.ResultsAdolescents with low SES were more likely to feel indifferent toward school and education (odds ratios/95%-confidence interval: 1.77/1.26–2.49), and similarly, adolescents who did not have schoolwork support inside or outside the family (1.38/1.02–1.87, and 1.50/1.01–2.22, respectively). Schoolwork support moderated the associations of SES with school satisfaction. Adolescents with low and middle SES without support inside or outside the family were more likely to feel indifferent than satisfied (2.72/1.21–6.10; 3.00/1.27–7.06; and 2.86/1.05–7.80; 6.04/1.72–21.24, respectively).ConclusionAdolescents from low and middle SES without schoolwork support inside or outside the family are more likely to feel indifferent toward school and education.
A Global Longitudinal Study Examining Social Restrictions Severity on Loneliness, Social Anxiety, and Depression
Authors: Lim Michelle H. , Qualter Pamela , Thurston Lily , Eres Robert , Hennessey Alexandra , Holt-Lunstad Julianne , Lambert Gavin W. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeSocial restrictions and government-mandated lockdowns implemented worldwide to kerb the SARS-CoV-2 virus disrupted our social interactions, behaviours, and routines. While many studies have examined how the pandemic influenced loneliness and poor mental health, such as depression, almost none have focussed on social anxiety. Further, how the change in social restrictions affected change in mental-health and well-being has not yet been explored.MethodsThis is a longitudinal cohort study in community dwellers who were surveyed across three timepoints in the first six months of the pandemic. We measured loneliness, social anxiety, depression, and social restrictions severity that were objectively coded in a sample from Australia, United States, and United Kingdom (n = 1562) at each time point. Longitudinal data were analysed using a multivariate latent growth curve model.ResultsLoneliness reduced, depression marginally reduced, and social anxiety symptoms increased as social restrictions eased. Specific demographic factors (e.g., younger age, unemployment, lower wealth, and living alone) all influenced loneliness, depression, and social anxiety at baseline. No demographic factors influenced changes for loneliness; we found that those aged over 25 years reduced faster on depression, while those younger than 25 years and unemployed increased faster on social anxiety over time.ConclusionWe found evidence that easing social restrictions brought about additional burden to people who experienced higher social anxiety symptoms. As country-mandated lockdown and social restrictions eased, people are more likely report higher social anxiety as they readjust into their social environment. Mental health practitioners are likely to see higher levels of social anxiety in vulnerable communities even as social restrictions ease.
Patterns of Care for Adolescent With Schizophrenia: A Delphi-Based Consensus Study
Authors: Vita Antonio , Barlati Stefano , Bellomo Antonello , Poli Paolo Fusar , Masi Gabriele , Nobili Lino , Serafini Gianluca , Zuddas Alessandro , Vicari Stefano 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe current conceptualization of schizophrenia as neurodevelopmental disorder should lead to innovative public health policies in terms of a reorganization of the mental health care systems, particularly in the transition from adolescence to adulthood, to reduce personal, familiar, and social costs and burdens. The purpose of the project was to perform a survey among a panel of Italian schizophrenia experts, to share evidence-based information on adolescent schizophrenia and explore the degree of consensus among professionals in the following four macro-areas: early diagnosis; pharmacological treatment; health care system organization and transition process from adolescent to adulthood; and psychosocial interventions.MethodsThe consensus process consisted of a two-step web-based Delphi method, which took place between June and November 2021. The survey was developed by a panel of four psychiatrists and four child neuropsychiatrists, identified as key opinion leaders (KOLs). The KOLs identified 21 statements involving a total of 70 items with a major need of clarification on early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). The survey was distributed to 86 specialists in psychiatry and child neuropsychiatry.ResultsThe results revealed a large agreement among the expert group on all the investigated areas of adolescent schizophrenia patterns of care and management. Consensus was ultimately reached for 67 items of the Delphi survey (95.7%), while negative consensus was reached for 2 items and no consensus was reached for 1 item.ConclusionsOverall, results showed a significant gap between the acquired scientific knowledge and clinical practice. In this scenario, it should be necessary to plan specific initiatives at a multiple level, to edit recommendations on clinical decision-making, as well as to prompt changes at the political and organizational levels, also involving scientific societies, patients, and family associations, to overcome the barriers that delay the implementation process.
Health Behaviors and Health Literacy: Questing the Role of Weak Social Ties Among Older Persons in Rural and Urban Ghana
Authors: Amoah Padmore Adusei , Musalia John , Abrefa Busia Kwaku 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOlder persons are one of the most vulnerable groups as regards low health literacy. However, little is known about the extent of limitations and multi-faceted nature of their health literacy, such as its characteristics and social and geographical dimensions. Additionally, most existing studies have predominantly treated health literacy as a risk factor of health and wellbeing of older persons as opposed to an outcome that must be pursued.ObjectivesThis study investigated the moderating role of weak social ties (bridging social capital) in the relationship between health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol intake, voluntary body check-up and physical exercise, and health literacy among older persons in rural and urban Ghana.MethodsData was drawn from a cross-sectional survey comprising 522 respondents across five administrative regions in Ghana. Ordinary Least Squares regression technique was used to analyse the data.ResultsOlder persons in urban areas had higher health literacy [Mean/Standard deviation (SD) = 9.1/4.1 vs. 10.1/4.2] as well as higher bridging social capital (Mean/SD = 2.0/1.2 vs. 1.6/0.9) than their rural counterparts. Bridging social capital was negatively associated with the health literacy of urban residents (B = −0.997, p &lt; 0.01). We found evidence that smoking (B = −0.787, p &lt; 0.05) and undertaking physical activities (B = 0.812, p &lt; 0.01) were associated with health literacy of older persons in rural areas. Having voluntary body check-ups (B = 0.155, p &lt; 0.01) was associated with health literacy in urban areas. Bridging social capital negatively moderated the association of smoking with health literacy in rural areas (B = −5.032, p &lt; 0.01), but it instead positively modified the relationship between alcohol intake and health literacy in urban areas (B = 0.185, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionFor policymakers and practitioners aiming to promote older persons' health literacy as a public health asset at individual and community levels, an important starting point to achieving such goals is to understand the fundamental indicators (e.g., health behaviors) and the role that social and geographical factors play in shaping their health literacy.
The Inconsistency Between Women's Preference and Actual Mode of Delivery in China: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Jing , Feng Li , Zhang Hongwei , Guo Li , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Hu Yifei 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have found that the rates of cesarean preference were much lower than the actual rates of cesarean births in China. We aimed to observe this inconsistency between preferred and actual modes of delivery and the factors associated with the inconsistency.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at the maternity hospital with the largest number of deliveries in Beijing. We collected data through a questionnaire applied in the outpatient department, and medical records from the hospital's information system. Unconditional logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the inconsistency between preferred and actual delivery mode.ResultsThe rates of actual cesarean section and of cesarean preference were 41 and 17%, respectively (χ2 = 82.9, P &lt; 0.0001). The overall inconsistency rate was 31%, with 119 women preferred vaginal delivery but experienced cesarean section, accounting for 67% women undergoing cesarean section. Risk factors for this inconsistency between preferred vaginal delivery and actual cesarean section included: maternal obesity, receiving assisted reproduction, having an abnormal amniotic fluid volume, and fetal distress. Pre-labor rupture of membranes was a unique factor associated with such inconsistency between cesarean section preference and vaginal delivery at delivery.ConclusionsThe inconsistent rate between preferred delivery at late pregnancy and actual delivery is high in China. Further research is needed to understand how to lower cesarean rates in China, taking maternal preferences for vaginal deliveries into account.
Profiles of Stress and Coping Associated With Mental, Behavioral, and Internet Use Problems Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Stratified Random Sampling and Cluster Analysis
Authors: She Rui , Wong Keiman , Lin Jiaxi , Zhang Youmin , Leung Kinlong , Yang Xue 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAdolescents are vulnerable to behavioral and mental health problems, which might be further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored how participants with different profiles of stressful life events, coping resources (i.e., self-esteem and perceived social support) and coping strategies (i.e., maladaptive and adaptive coping) varied in the prevalence of mental, behavioral, and Internet use problems.MethodsData were collected from a large and representative sample of Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong (n = 3,136) from September to November 2020 (48.1% males; mean age = 13.6 years old). Cluster analysis and logistic regression models were used for analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation and sleep disturbance was 29.8 and 55.4%, respectively. Behavioral problems were most frequently reported in excessive social media use (53.5%), followed by excessive Internet gaming (43.6%), obesity (34.1%), damaging properties (14.6%), and alcohol or substance abuse (5.1%). The results of cluster analysis yielded three distinctive stress and coping profiles: severe profile (High Risk/Low Protective; 17.0%), moderate profile (Moderate Risk/Moderate Protective; 35.8%), and mild profile (Low Risk/High Protective; 47.2%). Participants with severe and moderate profiles displayed significantly higher levels of mental (range for AOR: 2.08–15.06; all p &lt; 0.001) and behavioral health problems (range for AOR: 1.22–11.22; all p &lt; 0.05) compared to the mild profile cluster.ConclusionsAdolescents' mental and behavioral health may be shaped by a combination of stressful life events and variations in coping resources as well as strategies. Transdiagnostic and multimodal interventions on these factors are warranted to reduce mental, behavioral, and Internet use problems among adolescents.
Eye Care Practitioners Are Key Influencer for the Use of Myopia Control Intervention
Authors: Yang Adeline , Pang Bao Y. , Vasudevan Pushpaja , Drobe Björn 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe study sought to investigate the self-reported practices of Singaporean eye care practitioners on myopia management and the interaction between eye care practitioners and parents.MethodsSelf-reported questionnaire (1) to eye care practitioners to understand their clinical practice behavior, their opinion in myopia management (2) to parents on their knowledge of myopia control products and interaction with eye care practitioners.Results80.0% of eye care practitioners prescribe myopia control in their practice but only 33.1% of eye care practitioners prescribed myopia control interventions during the first visit, and only 41.4% of parents were recommended myopia control interventions by eye care practitioners, of which 75.6% followed the recommendations of eye care practitioners. Eye care practitioners (53.1%) prefer atropine the most and parents prefer controlling the amount of time doing near work (54.5%) and outdoor activities (52.5%). Eye care practitioners had the highest influence on the choice of vision correction with 78.8% of parents choosing to follow them. 66.9% of eye care practitioners did not prescribe myopia control interventions during the first visit as they lack myopia progression data from the patient. Eye care practitioners felt that more education on myopia control products (57.7%), hands-on workshops (47.7%) and management of children (44.6%) would encourage them to use myopia control interventions more frequently. 40.0% of the eye care practitioners were concerned about the cost of myopia control products.ConclusionsEye care practitioners strongly influence parents to uptake myopia control interventions. More education and hands-on workshops on myopia and children management can help encourage the use of myopia control interventions by eye care practitioners.