bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LLNet: Lightweight network with a channel and spatial attention mechanism for local climate zone classification from Sentinel‐2 image
Authors: Wang RenFeng , Wang MengMeng , Zhang Zhengjia , Xing Jiawen , Liu Xiuguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe local climate zone (LCZ) system is a landscape framework defining a universal understanding of urban microclimate and urban environment and is important for the research of urban thermal environment, regional planning and carbon cycle. Currently, most existing approaches are difficult to deal with the features of built‐up area classes which are mainly related to three‐dimensional structures, resulting in poor accuracy of these classes. The convolutional block attention module (CBAM) can get meaningful context to better represent features by re‐weighting the features spatially and channel‐wise. This study proposed a Lightweight‐LCZ‐Network (LLNet) based on CBAM and depthwise separable convolution for LCZ classification from Sentinel‐2 image. The current largest LCZ classification data set So2Sat LCZ42 was employed to train and test the proposed model. Results indicated that the accuracy of the LLNet model achieved overall accuracy (OA) of 71.6% and Kappa coefficient of 0.688, realized an accuracy improvement by about 2%. In LLNet model, 65% of ordinary convolutions were displaced with depthwise separable convolutions, which decreased the amount of model parameters by 2/3 and maintained alike classification accuracy. In addition, the proposed model was applied for LCZ classification of Wuhan and Hefei cities to assess its generalization ability. The OA (Kappa coefficient) of the proposed model is 74.6% (0.72) for Wuhan and 77.5% (0.75) for Hefei, respectively. We concluded that the proposed LLNet model with strong robustness for LCZ classification from Sentinel‐2 data has an effective trade‐off between size and accuracy.
Impacts of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on precipitation extremes in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R. , Lubis Sandro W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe relationship between boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and precipitation extremes over Indonesia is investigated using observational datasets from 30 years (1987–2016) of rain gauge measurements and the gridded Asian Precipitation‐Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources from 1998 to 2015. The results indicate that the frequency of daily extreme precipitation events in Indonesia (defined as total precipitation above the 95th percentile) during extended boreal summer (May–August) is significantly modulated by BSISO, especially over the western and northern regions. Under the influences of BSISO1, the probability of the precipitation extremes over Sumatra and Borneo increases by 20–120% (relative to the seasonal probability) during phases 1–3 and approximately 50–80% over the eastern part of Borneo and Sulawesi during phase 4. Under BSISO2, the probability of the extremes increases up to 40% over Sumatra during phases 1 and 2 and up to 140% over Borneo and Sulawesi during phases 2 and 3. The increase in the probability of extreme summer precipitation is associated with enhanced large‐scale moisture flux convergence and upward moisture transport induced by the active phases of BSISO. These results provide potential information for medium‐ to extended‐range predictions of summer precipitation extremes in Indonesia.
Trends of reference evapotranspiration and its physical drivers in southern South America
Authors: Merino Rodrigo Andres , Gassmann María Isabel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a variable used to characterize the evaporative demand of the atmosphere and its impact on the water balance. During the last decades, significant ETo variabilities have been observed, especially at mid‐latitudes. These variabilities respond mainly to local variations in their physical drivers, such as solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit or wind speed. In this study, the annual and seasonal ETo estimates are generated using the Penman–Monteith method (FAO). Surface weather stations for the Argentine territory and reanalysis data for southern South America of the last four decades (1981–2020) are used. Contributions of both aerodynamic (ETaero) and radiative (ETrad) effects are evaluated to analyse their driving role. Significant positive ETo trends are observed from reanalysis data throughout Argentina, especially on the central east side of the Andes Mountain range with values up to 10 mm·year−1. Most of these ETo changes respond to positive trends in air temperature in the study area, while those in the central Andes also respond to negative trends in dew point temperatures. On the other hand, the increase in energy availability through positive trends in net surface radiation produced a slightly higher ETo in the northern regions of the country. Regional ETo values have shown to be more sensitive to variations in air temperature in the northeastern areas, although changes in humidity and solar radiation could also play a role. In a context of climate change, given that temperature and rainfall are expected to increase in the central and northeastern region of the country and decrease along the eastern side of the Andes Mountains in the coming decades, the characteristics observed over the 1981–2020 period are expected to intensify in the near future.
Hajek and Hirsch: Otolaryngology Pioneers of Endonasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Nir , Mudry Albert , Naples James , Walsh Jarrett , Smith Timothy R. , Laws Edward R. , Corrales C. Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the historical descriptive origins of the extracranial transnasal transsphenoidal route to the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica focusing on the works of two otolaryngologists: Markus Hajek (1861–1941) and Oskar Hirsch (1877–1965).Data SourcesA collection of primary references of author publications, and contemporary references and textbooks.Review MethodsPrimary references were reviewed with specific focus on surgical routes to the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica. Chronology was cross‐referenced with contemporary publications by contemporaries. Translations from German were conducted by author AM when necessary.ResultsMarkus Hajek elegantly described the surgical approach to the posterior ethmoids and sphenoid sinus in 1904 using a transnasal route. Building on this foundation, Oskar Hirsch described the fully extracranial endonasal transethmoid transsphenoidal approach in 1909. He was first to describe surgical entrance to the sella using this exclusively unilateral endonasal route, which he demonstrated on a cadaver. He reports performing this procedure on a live patient in April, 1910, under local anesthesia in stages over 5 weeks. For better exposure, Hirsch consolidated his method with Killian's submucosal window resection of the posterior nasal septum allowing for bilateral access to the sphenoid sinus and sella, and completed a single stage procedure on a patient in June 1910.ConclusionOskar Hirsch was the first to describe and perform a stepwise surgical approach to the sella using an exclusively extracranial, endonasal, transethmoid, and transsphenoidal approach. He built upon his mentor Markus Hajek's approaches to the posterior ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinus.Level of EvidenceNA: Background information, synthesis from multiple sources emphasizing factual information Laryngoscope, 133:807–813, 2023
A Thermally Promoted Homogenous‐Floating‐Concentrating Strategy Synthesizing Highly Crystalline Triazine/hydroxyl‐Rich COFs for 4‐Nitrophenol Adsorption
Authors: Lin Xiaogeng , Li Chen , He Yasan , Li Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a “thermally promoted homogenous‐floating‐concentrating” strategy is reported for the rapid synthesis of highly crystalline triazine/hydroxyl‐rich COFs under mild conditions, using for the effectively adsorbing 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in aqueous solutions. This strategy originates from an optimized “homogenous‐floating‐concentrating” method as reported in the previous work. Both gradually improving concentration and heat treatment promote the condensation reaction between amino and aldehyde groups, resulting in high crystallinity and shorter reaction time. The obtained COFs demonstrate better crystallinity and higher surface area in comparison with the counterparts prepared by solvothermal strategy. A maximum surface area of 2391 m2 g‐1 is achieved. The COFs exhibit excellent 4‐NP adsorption capacity (Qmax = 1402.0 mg g−1), which is attributed to abundant triazine/hydroxyl‐groups on the COF skeleton and their strong H‐bonding interaction with 4‐NP.
A‐waves are associated with neuropathic pain in leprosy
Authors: Garbino José Antônio , Kirchner Daniel R. , França Marcondes C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe A‐wave is a late response related either to demyelination or early axonal regeneration. It may be helpful in the evaluation of some peripheral neuropathies. In leprosy, previous studies suggested that A‐waves could be a neurophysiological marker of pain in patients during reactions. Herein we have attempted to further assess the profile and clinical correlates of A‐waves by exploring a large leprosy cohort.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018, 63 patients with leprosy (47 men and 16 women) had A‐waves in nerve conduction studies and were included in this study. We included patients regardless of whether they were experiencing leprosy reactions or not. We then compared clinical features in nerves with and without A‐waves.ResultsThe mean age of study participants was 46.5 ± 12.3 years and most had borderline leprosy. From this cohort, we assessed separately 83 motor nerves that demonstrated A‐waves (group A+) and 29 motor nerves that did not demonstrate A‐waves (group A−). Neuropathic pain (NP) was found in 66 of 83 nerves in group A+, but only 5 of 29 in group A− (79.5 vs 17.2%, P < .001). In contrast, no significant between‐group difference emerged regarding presence of reactions, sensory function (based on Semmes‐Weinstein evaluations), or muscle strength. A‐waves were found in nerves with neuropathic pain experiencing (39 of 66 = 59%) or not experiencing (27 of 66 = 41%) leprosy reactions.DiscussionThese results show that A‐waves are associated with neuropathic pain in leprosy patients, regardless of the nerves affected and the immune status (in reaction or not).
Thinking outside the box: Alternative techniques for gender affirming phalloplasty
Authors: Cripps Courtney 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe benefits of gender affirmation surgery have long been established, and with improved access to care, these operations are being performed with increased frequency. As these surgeries continue to be performed, the surgical techniques continue to evolve. Phalloplasty, or the creation of a phallus, remains one of the most complex surgical endeavors in which a variety of factors influence surgical decision making. This article aims to present the lesser known and less frequently performed means of phalloplasty in gender affirming genitourinary reconstruction.MethodsA literature review of relevant articles, whether case series or more comprehensive, was performed to describe some of the more obscure and less frequently utilized flaps for phalloplasty.ResultsThe most performed or widely accepted technique is that of the radial forearm free flap, but numerous other options decorate the surgical landscape. With limited and unreliable outcomes data, a standard of care is difficult to establish.ConclusionsUltimately, phalloplasty reconstruction should aim to achieve standing micturition and penetrative intercourse, resolute tactile and erogenous sensation, desirable aesthetics of the phallus, and acceptable donor site morbidity. Although some procedures are more commonly performed, the standard for phalloplasty has not been established. Ultimately, approaching this reconstructive puzzle with persistent creativity will unearth more reliable options in the future.
Investigating the effectiveness of Case‐Based Technology‐Enhanced workshops (e‐Flipped vs. Online) among health worker nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zarifsanaiey Nahid , Sajjadian Roghaye , Karimian Zahra , Khojasteh Laleh , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of e‐flipped and online case‐based workshops on the nurses' knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding thalassemia during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA pre‐test–posttest interventional study was conducted with two intervention groups and a control group.MethodsOne hundred and fifty nurses were recruited from comprehensive urban health centres in June–December 2020. The nurses were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: case‐based e‐flipped workshop (n = 50), case‐based online workshop (n = 50) and control (n = 50). A researcher‐made questionnaire was completed by eligible subjects at baseline, after the end of the training sessions and 4 weeks after interventions to assess their knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Data were analysed in IBM SPSS v16.0. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used to compare the three groups.ResultsThe mean knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores in the intervention groups increased significantly more than that in the control group (p < .001). One week and 4 weeks following the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude and behaviour in the e‐flipped group was greater than that in the online group (p < .001). According to the results, e‐flipped and online case‐based workshops can improve nurses' knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding thalassemia.
Fertility rates and social media usage in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Wildeman Jet , Schrijner Sandor , Smits Jeroen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the connection between social media usage and fertility behaviour in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Whereas the link between traditional media and fertility behaviour has been firmly established, the link between social media and fertility is yet unclear, although social media has expanded enormously in recent years and provides opportunities both to acquire information and allow social interaction. We combine digital trace data from Facebook with fertility rates for 311 subnational regions in 29 sub‐Saharan African countries. Our analysis starts with describing spatial patterns of crude birth rates, Facebook usage and gender gaps in Facebook usage, and continues with regression analysis to test whether the associations remain significant after controlling for confounders. We find higher social media usage and gender equality in social media usage to be associated with lower birth rates. This study is one of the first to demonstrate connections between social media usage and fertility outcomes in the SSA region.
Tabersonine alleviates obesity‐induced cardiomyopathy by binding to Transforming growth factor activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibiting TAK1‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Chen Yanghao , Lin Wante , Chen Pan , Ye Bozhi , Luo Wu , Wang Xu , Huang Weijian , Wu Gaojun , Liang Guang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObesity‐induced cardiomyopathy (OIC) is an increasingly serious global disease caused by obesity. Chronic inflammation greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of OIC. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of tabersonine (Tab), a natural alkaloid with antiinflammatory activity, in the treatment of OIC. High fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice were administered with Tab. The results showed that Tab significantly inhibit inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy to prevent heart dysfunction, without the alteration of body weight and hyperlipidemia, in HFD‐induced obese mice. H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) were used to explore the molecular mechanism and target of Tab. We examined the effect of Tab on key proteins involved in HFD/PA‐induced inflammatory signaling pathway and found that Tab significantly inhibits TAK1 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We further detected the direct interaction between Tab and TAK1 at the cellular, animal, and molecular levels. We found that Tab directly binds to TAK1 to inhibit TAK1 phosphorylation, which then blocks TAK1‐TAB2 interaction and then NF‐κB pro‐inflammatory pathway in cultured cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that Tab is a potential agent for the treatment of OIC, and TAK1 is an effective therapeutic target for this disease.
A bottom‐up proteomics workflow for a system containing multiple organisms
Authors: Bai Hongxia , Collins Leonard B. , André Marcos Rogério , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Williams Taufika Islam 
Published: November 2022

RationaleDiscovery proteomics has been popularized to be essential in the investigator's biological toolbox. Many biological problems involve the interplay of multiple organisms. Herein, a bottom‐up proteomics workflow was developed to study a system containing multiple organisms to promote a thorough understanding of how each interacts with the others.MethodsA label‐free quantification proteomics workflow was developed with nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS). This protocol describes a bottom‐up proteomics workflow used to study differential protein expression in the context of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) experimentally infected by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, the etiological agent of Cat Scratch Disease (CSD).ResultsStep‐by‐step instructions are provided for protein extraction, protein cleanup, total protein measurement, nanoLC‐MS/MS data acquisition, and data analysis using Proteome Discoverer software. Comprehensive and exhaustive details are included to promote the adoption of this proteomics workflow in other laboratories.ConclusionA proteomics protocol is detailed for a system containing multiple proteomes from different taxonomic lineages using CSD (cats bitten by fleas infected with Bartonella henselae) as a model. The operating protocol can be readily applied to other label‐free proteomics work involving multiple proteomes from taxonomically distinct organisms.
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in robotic hepatobiliary surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Potharazu Archit V. , Gangemi Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndocyanine green fluorescence (ICG‐F) stains hepatic tumours and delineates vascular and biliary structures in real‐time. We detail the efficacy of ICG‐F in robotic hepatobiliary surgery.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central were searched for original articles and meta‐analyses detailing the outcomes of ICG‐F in robotic hepatobiliary surgery.Results214 abstracts were reviewed; 16 studies are presented. One single‐institution study reported ICG‐F in robotic right hepatectomy reduced postoperative bile leakage (0% vs. 12%, p = 0.023), R1 resection (0% vs. 16%, p = 0.019), and readmission (p = 0.023) without prolonging operative time (288 vs. 272 min, p = 0.778). Improved visualisation aided in attainment of R0 resection in partial hepatectomies and radical gallbladder adenocarcinoma resections. Fewer ICG‐F‐aided robotic cholecystectomies were converted to open procedure compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomies (2.1% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.03; 0.15% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsICG‐F improves clinical outcomes in robotic hepatobiliary surgery without prolonging operative time. There is an opportunity to standardise ICG administration protocols, especially for hepatectomies.
Genetics, structure, transmission, epidemiology, immune response, and vaccine efficacies of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant: A comprehensive review
Authors: Li Han , Arcalas Chelsea‐Jane , Song Junmin , Rahmati Masoud , Park Seoyeon , Koyanagi Ai , Lee Seung Won , Yon Dong Keon , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID‐19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE‐2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID‐19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
Manganese(III) Acetate‐Based Radical Cyclization Reactions for Pyranocoumarin and Pyranoquinoline Compounds: Synthesis, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Yakut Mehtap , Yılmaz Mehmet , Pekel Tarık , Erkan Sultan , Katırcı Ramazan , Biçer Emre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPyranofuroquinoline and pyranofurocoumarin derivatives are significant class of compounds due to being useful in many diverse applications. The synthesis of the compounds are succeeded in one step by radical cyclization reaction in the presence of manganese(III) acetate. Furoquinoline and furocoumarin reactants were used together with 1,1‐disubstituted‐, 1,2‐disubstituted and cyclic alkenes giving pyranofuroquinoline and pyranofurocoumarin compounds in moderate to high yields. Also, we were able to isolate alkenyl and acetoxy‐ side‐products in minor low yields. The electronic and optical features of furoquinoline and furocoumarin reactants and pyranofuroquinoline products were inquired using theoretical approaches (DFT and TD‐DFT). Their excitation and emission spectrums were computed. The results revealed that the pyranofuroquinoline molecules did not show the energy transfer feature. It was observed that the behavior of nonlinear optic of furoquinoline is higher than the pyranofuroquinoline and furocoumarin molecules. But the average polarization and the anisotropy of the polarizability of pyranofuroquinoline increased and was found to be 262.7 and 141.9 respectively. Also, according to the calculated docking parameters, the investigated pyranofuroquinoline and pyranofurocoumarin compounds were found to have higher activity than the substances with anticancer and antibacterial standards.
Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanones by Regioselective Cyclopropyl Ring Cleavage of Tricyclo[3.3.0.02,8]octanones in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Banerjee Srirupa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of bicyclo[3.2.1]octanones by the regioselective cyclopropyl ring cleavage of bicyclo[3.3.0.02,8]octanes using hydrochloric acid in an ionic liquid BMImCl is reported herein. The reaction provides the products regioselectively in very good yields in much faster times compared to such reactions in traditional solvents. Direct head to head comparison of the ring cleavage reaction in BMImCl with other conventional organic solvents clearly demonstrate the advantages of the former as the medium for the ring cleavage reactions.