bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemicals for Suppression of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1987
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Berger Lori A. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 9 Apr on rows spaced 40 inches apart. All cotton was treated 2, 4, and 6 wk prior to the experimental period with a mixture of cypermethrin and carbaryl to engender mite infestation. Mite densities in two untreated check plots and 3 acaricide-treated plots were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Plots were 6 rows wide × 45 ft long, with spray applied to the inner 2 rows. Chemical applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer equipped with 3 TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row and calibrated to deliver 8.6 gal/acre. Acaricide treatments were applied 15 and 24 Aug and 4 Sep. Mite density was determined prior to each application of acaricide treatments (except for the 4 Sep application) and also 1 wk following the final treatment application. Mite density was estimated by inspecting 10 randomly selected (but visually chlorotic) leaves/plot with a hand lens and counting live (mobile) mites. Mite count data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures. Yield data were not collected.
Laboratory Insecticide Bioassays; Lygus Hesperus, 1986
Authors: Wynholds P. F. , Leigh T. F. , Li Xin Bai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides currently registered for L. hesperus control on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were tested in the laboratory to determine topical LD30 values. Adult bugs of unknown age were collected from hay alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at 3 locations in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif., and held on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods for 20 h. After aspiration into groups of 10 and anesthesia with 10 s of COa, a 1-p.l droplet of insecticide-acetone solution was applied to the coxal area of the thorax. Four groups of each sex were treated with each dosage; mortality was determined at 24 h. Data were averaged and corrected by Abbott's formula for probit analysis.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Lygus Bug Control, 1987
Authors: Tanigoshi Lynell K. , Babcock Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White lupin was seeded in experimental plots at 200 lb/acre in 11-inch rows near Waitsburg, Walla Walla County, Wash., for the control of lygus bugs. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design of 0.01-acre plots. The treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft spray boom calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. Four 8003 flat-fan nozzles at 19-inch spacings were used on the spray boom. First treatment was on 8 Jun at 50% primary bloom; the second treatment was made on 20 Jun. A third, late-season treatment was applied on 20 Jul. Population densities of lygus bugs were determined from 5 (180-degree) sweeps with a 15-inch-diam sweep net on 8, 14, 20, and 28 Jun and 8, 16, and 28 Jul. Samples were bagged in the field and counted in the laboratory. Adult lygus bugs (ALB) were counted separately from nymphs (NLB).
Control of Red Harvester ANT with Drenches, 1986
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The control of red harvester ants was evaluated in 2 tests conducted outside of the Stillwater, Okla., area. Test 1 was located 5 miles north of Yale, in open pasture land. Test 2 was located at a field research area 8 miles west of Stillwater, near Lake Carl Blackwell. Nests were visibly active before being treated on 10 and 11 Jul for Tests 1 and 2, respectively. Treatments were applied over each nest covering a 4-ft-diam area, and material was pooled in a 6-inch hole in the center of the denuded area. Applications were made in either 1- or 2-gal equivalent rate drenches. All treatments were randomized and replicated 5 times. The nests were checked for activity 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 wk after treatment (WAT).
Control of Greenbug on Sorghum with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Hein G. L. , Ingemansen J. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 9 Jul foliar insecticides were applied to heavily infested sorghum (10- to 11-leaf stage) near Kimball, S.Dak. The treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 1 × 15 m with a single border row between treatments. Insecticides were applied at 3 mph with a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with a hand-held wand with a single 1.5 LE nozzle delivering 19.5 gal/acre at 15 psi. On 11 Jul plots were evaluated by counting all the aphids on each of 5 plants in each plot.
Insecticides for Suppression of Sorghum Midge on Dryland Grain Sorghum, 1987
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grain sorghum (1.8 acres) was planted 19 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. Twelve rows of mixed-hybrid sorghums of varying maturity ranges were planted prior to and adjacent to the test plot to increase abundance of sorghum midge during anthesis of sorghum panicles in the test plots. Five insecticide treatments and an untreated check were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Experimental plots were 8 rows wide and 80 ft long. Applications were made to the middle 6 rows with a high-clearance self-propelled sprayer. Insecticide applications began when 30-40% of the panicles were flowering and when average adult midge density was 0.7 midges/panicle. Treatments were applied 24 and 30 Jul and 4 Aug. Adult midge density was determined 1 day prior to application of insecticide treatments. Sampling consisted of securing and collecting individual sorghum panicles in plastic bags. Samples were examined in the laboratory and midges were counted. Prior to the first insecticide application, midge density was determined from sampling 25 randomly selected panicles/replication. On the 2 subsequent sampling days, 5 panicles were sampled from each treatment plot. Visual estimates of the percentage of midge-damaged spikelets were made by 4 independent observers, with each observer rating 10 randomly selected panicles/plot. Panicles were hand harvested from 2, 2-m sections of treated row/plot. The harvested sorghum panicles were threshed, and the grain was weighed. Data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures.
Insecticide Control of Sorghum Midge as Influenced by Type of Insecticide and Frequency of Application, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Parker1 R. D. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi. Seven treatments and an untreated check were compared in 4-row × 30-ft plots of sorghum planted 16 Apr on 38-inch rows. Treatments and the untreated check were replicateti 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Due to heavy rainfall, muddy soil conditions, and insufficient numbers of midges, treatment applications were not initiated until 95% of the panicles were in bloom, with the upper third of each panicle having complete bloom. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 3.5 gal total spray/acre through size 3X hollow-cone nozzles (2 nozzles/row) at 35 psi. All treatments were initially applied on 18 Jun, and all but 2 treatments were applied again on 21 Jun. On 23 Jun, 90-95% of the panicles had completed bloom and were no longer susceptible to further attacks by adult midges, thus treatment applications were discontinued. Counts of adult midges were made in the untreated plots on both spray dates to monitor midge abundance during the study. At soft-dough stage, percent seed damaged by midges was visually estimated for the middle 2 rows of each plot. Also, panicles were harvested from a 13.5-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybean, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Test was conducted on a commercial soybean field planted in 30-inch rows near Royal Oak, Talbot County, Md. Soybeans were planted on 26 May. At the time of treatment on 11 Jul the plants were flowering. Damage to the soybeans was light. Treatment plots were 20 × 20 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were made at 3, 7, and 14 days and included nymphs and adults. Ten random 180- degree sweeps were made in each plot.
Spider Mite Control on Soybean, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were established in a commercial soybean field planted 20 May in 30-inch rows near Royal Oak in Talbot County, Md. At the time of treatment on 8 Aug the plants were in the pod fill stage. Damage to the soybeans was moderate to heavy. Treatment plots were 10 × 15 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by COz backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were made 12 and 15 Aug by selecting 6 leaflets at random and recording the number of mites found under microscropic examination.
Soybean Insect Pest Control, 1986
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center, Beaumont, Tex. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 40 ft × 6 rows (32-inch row spacing). Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer at the equivalent of 18.9 gal finished spray/acre. Pressure was 22.5 psi and nozzles were LF3, 80 degrees. Plants were in the R5 growth stage at time of treatment (15 Sep), when caterpillar populations were increasing. Samples were made of 9 ft of row/plot with a vertical beat sheet on the days recorded in the table. Captured insects were placed in a plastic bag and frozen for later identification and counting. Defoliation was estimated in certain treatments on all sample dates except 1 day posttreatment. Ten leaflets were randomly selected/plot from the top, middle, and bottom of the canopy (30 leaflets/plot). Leaflets were compared to models of leaflets of known defoliation. At maturity 20 ft of the middle 2 rows of each experimental unit was harvested for yield determination. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Soil Systemic Versus Foliar Insecticide Combinations and Sunflower Seed Yield, Trial 2, 1986
Authors: Ricard Michele , Noetzel David M. , Stanislawski Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was established near Greenbush, Minn., in a commercial sunflower field. The field was planted the last week of May. Plots were 4 rows × 30 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Soil systemics were applied on 28 May. Application was in a 4 inch band to a coarse sandy loam soil and lightly covered. Soil moisture was excellent. Foliar applications were made in mid-June and late July to the plant stage indicated. Total volume of material/acre was 17 gal applied with a COa sprayer at 40 psi. Damage information was collected from the center 2 rows, which were harvested for yield on 11 Oct. Yield comparisons were based on a standard moisture.
Evaluation of Planting-Time Insecticide Treatments and Foliar Applications Against Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid, Corn Leaf Aphid, and Russian Wheat Aphid, 1987
Authors: Gray M. E. , Hein G. L. , Walgenbach D. D. , Elliott N. C. , Kieckhefer R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Winter wheat was planted near Brookings, S. Dak., in 17.5-cm rows on 1 Sep using a 1.8- m International drill. Planting-time insecticides were applied in the furrow. A small pump attached to the drill injected Furadan 4F into the furrow via small plastic tubes attached adjacent to disk furrow openers. Two seed treatments and 7 foliar treatments also were evaluated. The design for the experiment was a randomized complete block replicated 4 times with 16 treatments. On 21 Sep plants were infested (5 aphids/plant) with laboratory-reared Russian wheat aphid. Screen cages (1 m3) were used to enclose 1 m2 of treated plot area. One cage for each treatment/replicate was used. The cages were employed in an effort to reduce predation of aphids. Infestations of corn leaf aphids and bird cherry-oat aphids were the result of naturally occuring populations. On 30 Sep prespray counts were made for each species by removing 20% of the plants enclosed within a cage and determining the number of aphids/plant. Following the prespray popultion estimates, the foliar insecticides were applied using a 4-nozzle (1.5 LE Even Flat) hand-held spray boom at 15 psi and 13.4 gal/acre. On 2 Oct, 20% of the plants were again removed from each cage and the number of aphids/plant for each species determined. The percentage reduction in aphid number was determined for each foliar treatment.
Seed Treatment for Hessian Fly Control in Wheat, 1987
Authors: Lidell M. C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seed of hard red winter wheat (‘Collin’) was treated with 2 oz (AI)/cwt ; and 4 oz (AI)/cwt of thiodicarb (Magnum FL 3.2) by the Gustafson Inc. Seed Technology Labortory. Seed had been pretreated with Vitavax-200 commercially Thirty seeds of each treatment and an untreated control were planted in rows in a plastic flat using a standard soil mixture (2 parts Houston black clay, 2 parts peat, 1 part perlite). Wheat seedlings were infested with Hessian flies at approximately 7 and 14 days after planting. The 3 treatments were replicated 3 times for each infestation date using a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted twice in the greenhouse during April and May Experiment 1 was planted 6 Apr and infested on 13 and 20 Apr. Experiment 2 was planted 24 Apr and infested on 1 and 6 May. Wheat was infested b\ placing flats under a cheesecloth tent; approximately 40 Hessian fly adults were introduced onto the flats for 24 h. Hessian flies were reared in the laboratory from field-collected puparia. Plant counts and visual observations were made to evaluate any phytotoxic effects of the insecticide treatments. Efficacy was determined by counting the number of infested plants in each treatment 21 days after infestation. A few plants in each treatment emerged later than the majority of the seedlings, allowing them to escape infestation. The percentage of infested plants reported is therefore slightly lower than would have occurred if all plants had emerged at the same time.
Cereal Leaf Beetle and Aphid Control in Late-Planted Soft Red Winter Wheat, 1987
Authors: Moss Teresa P. , Beahm Mary M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle and aphid population densities in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 11 May on ‘Pioneer 2551’ wheat planted on a 7-inch row spacing 10 Jan at Midway Farm in Richmond County, Va. Plots were 12 × 30 ft with a 3-ft alle&gt; between treatments. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Spray concentrates were applied with a C02-powered compressed-air sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 31.8 gal/acre by means of flat-fan Teejet AL8004 nozzels. The efficacy of individual treatments was determined 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live cereal leaf beetle (CLB) larvae and aphids per row-ft. Yield estimates were obtained harvesting 9 30-ft-long rows from each plot with a small-plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture. A Li-Cor LI3000 area meter was used to determine leaf areas of the flag and 2nd leaves and percent defoliation of 40 random plants/treatment.
Control of Green June Beetle Grubs on Golf Course Fairways, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Hellman E. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a golf course fairway near Bowie in Prince George’s County, Md. Damage to the turf at the time of treatment on 26 Aug was moderate. Plots were 8 × 8 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker can. Liquid formulations were applied from a 2- gal hand-held sprinkling can. All applications were made in 2 directions across each plot. Treatments were watered into the thatch with 0.5 inch of water with the golf course irrigation system. On 27 Aug, the number of dead grubs on the surface of the plots was counted.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized comleplete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi delivering 5 gal/1,000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade of sand top dressing to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 76°F; soil temperature, 79°F; RH 47%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.75 inches; soil type, loam; soil size separation, 40.2% sand, 43.6% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture, 23.3%; soil pH 5.4; organic matter, 3.0%; water pH, slightly acidic; 4.85 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Immediately after i eatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 25 days later (19 Sep). Three sq ft sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/sq ft was recorded.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Calendula, 1987
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Ann Schwartz Mary , Gladin Jodie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated on greenhouse grown calendula on 12 Jun. The plants were in 4-inch pots that were evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a Gilmore all-purpose hand sprayer. A surfactant (Triton B) was added to all treatments. Infestations were determined by examining 4 leaves/plant and counting the number of live aphids/leaf at 1, 7, and 14 DAT.
Efficacy Test and LC50 Determination of Evisect for Leafminer Control, 1987
Authors: Harris M. , Warkentin D. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum cuttings were rooted under mist, soft pinched, and allowed to harden off in 3-inch pots. Plants were then exposed to the leafminer colony for 1.5 h. Small mines were counted 4 days following exposure. Plants were grouped with totals of 40 or more mines/group, and the groups were sprayed to runoff with treatment solutions from hand-held mist bottles. Plants were clipped and bagged 2 days following treatment; pupae were counted 4 days later.
Effects of 4 Horticultural Oils on Whitefly Oviposition, 1987
Authors: Larew H. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five 3-wk-old 'Iceberg' chrysanthemums were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 plants each, and all but 3 upper leaves from each plant were removed. Plants were sprayed with water, 2% (vol/vol) Sunspray 6E, 11% (vol/vol) of an experimental oil (Sun Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa.), 2% (vol/vol) Ortho Volck Oil Spray, or 2% (vol/vol) Natur'l Oil. Foliage was allowed to dry, and then all plants were placed in random arrangement for 24 h in a greenhouse among tomato plants that were heavily infested with greenhouse whiteflies. After exposure, all leaves from each plant were frozen to kill adult whiteflies. The eggs on each leaf were counted and the area of each leaf was measured. Counts were calculated on a per 100 cm2 leaf area basis so that comparisons between plants with different leaf areas could be made.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Boalsburg, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 88°F; soil temperature, 82°F; 60% RH; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil size separation, 23.2% sand, 60.6% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture, 24.6%; soil pH 5.3; organic matter, 3.9%; water pH, slightly acidic; 0.8 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 28 Jul, 7 days after the initial treatment. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10-min period. Three floatation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a sq-ft count.
Residue Efficacy Test for Melon and Green Peach Aphid Control on Hibiscus, 1987
Authors: Harris M. , Warkentin D. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Groups of hibiscus cuttings were sprayed to runoff with treatment solutions using hand-held mist bottles. Group 1 treatments included organophosphates, Avid, and Thiodan. Group 2 included earbamates and pyrethroids. Following air drying, each treated cutting was inoculated with 10 aphids taken from infested hibiscus and placed in root cubes in plastic, ventilated tubes. Treatments were replicated on 5 cuttings for each aphid species, and mortality was assessed at 48 h.
Black Vine Weevil Larvicide Drench Test, Wooster, Ohio, 1986
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taxus growing in 7.6-liter containers with a hardwood bark and peat medium were obtained from an Ohio nursery for evaluating the efficacy of insecticide drenches against black vine weevil larvae. Plants were maintained under normal nursery conditions throughout the test period and received 1.3 cm of overhead irrigation every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Containers were drenched with insecticide 2 Jun or 3 Sep, using a total of 946 ml of solution per container, delivered in 2 equal applications. Each insecticide treatment was replicated 5 times. Black vine weevil eggs were obtained from adults held at 22°C and at least 80% RH at a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). On 14 Jul, 6 wk after the Jun application, all containers received 400 brown eggs placed 2.54 cm beneath the surface of the potting medium. Treatment effects were evaluated in November, when larvae were approaching maturity, by removing the plant and medium from each container and counting the number of larvae.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Birch Aphid Nymphs on Birch, Wayne County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Japanese white birch (5.5 m tall) growing in an experimental birch planting at the Ohio State University Agricultural Research and Development Center near Wooster were chosen for evaluating efficacy of insecticides against newly hatched birch aphid nymphs. A CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply 300 ml of finished material to an infested branch of 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Application was made 12 Apr under sunny skies at 18°C and a breeze of 8-16 km/h. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 15 Apr by counting the number of live nymphs on 12.5-cm sections of 3 terminal twigs from each replicate tree.