bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cattle, Different Ear Tag Application Dates for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control, 1982
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp A F.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six cow-calf herds of mixed beef cattle with approximately 25 cows/herd, were tagged with 8% Ectrin ear tags to determine the optimum spring application date for obtaining adequate face fly reduction during the summer. Two herds each were tagged the middle of Mar, Apr, and May. Both cows and calves were tagged with 2 Ectrin tags/hd. Face fly and horn fly counts were obtained from 10 cows in May and at regular intervals through Sep 15. Fly counts on 2 untreated cow-calf herds were made for a comparison.
Horn and Face Fly Control with Ear Tags and a New Ear Tag Tape, 1982
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ectron and Atroban ear tags and Ectiban ear tag tapes (0.9 g permethrin/tape) were applied to cattle at Buhl, Idaho, for fly control evaluation. The herds and applications were as follows: Pasture: 1) Atroban tags applied to 25 holstein heifers at 1 tag/head, 2) Ectiban ear tag tapes applied to existing ear tag of 24 hereford heifers at 1 tape/head, 3) Ectrin ear tags applied at 1 tag/head to 18 holstein weaner calves, 4) an untreated group of 10 hereford heifers to act as checks, 5) 3 face fly counts were made on a herd of angus cows in a pasture adjacent to the calves with Ectrin tags. Penned: 1) Ectiban tapes were applied at 1 tape/head to existing tag on 12 angus bulls, 2) Atroban tags applied at 1 tag/head to a mixed herd of 10 steers and heifers, 3) an untagged group of 13 angus bulls was selected to serve as checks. All groups were located within a 2-mile radius. Tags or tapes were applied to the animals on 7 Jun and fly counts made at approximate 2-wk intervals until mid-Sep. Flies were counted with the aid of binoculars or spotting scope. Horn flies were recorded as the number per side and face flies were recorded as the number per head. Ten animals per group were counted on each date. The exception was the number of pasture check animals which was reduced to 5 and then only 2 animals late in the season.
Guinea Pig-Amblyomma Americanum Animal Systemic Evaluation of Igr’s and Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Hunt L.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guinea pigs are weighed and the hair removed around the midsection using close-shave clippers. Then 2 capsule cages are pushed through holes in elastoplast bands and secured to the pigs with contact cement. The first dose of candidate compound is administered subcutaneously in the top of the neck 24 h after 12 starved nymphal lone star ticks have been introduced into each cage. The second and third injections are given on alternate days as multiple doses maintain more consistent blood levels of test materials for the different feeding rates of the ticks. An untreated pig serves as the control and provides data for Abbott’s formula. Doses of the active ingredient depend on guinea pig weight, compound structure, LD5Q, and other considerations. This amount is formulated in diethyl succinate in volumes of less than 500 ul/injection. About 4-6 days after the first treatment, dead ticks in the cages are removed and counted, and/or replete ticks are removed and held to observe mortality and nymphal molt. Effectiveness is determined by the percentage of ticks that fail to ecdyse (including dead nymphs that detach without engorging).
Evaluation of Ectiban Tapes and 8% Cypermethrin Plastic Strips Against Face Fly and Horn Fly on Horses, 1982
Authors: Hollis J.H. , Knapp F.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ectiban ear tapes containing 0.9 g of permethrin each were tested on horses with 2 per halter and with 1 on the forelock and 1 on the tail. 8% cypermethrin plastic strips were tested on horses with 2 per halter, 1 in the forelock, 1 in the tail and 2 in the tail. Percentage reductions were based on pretreatment averages from at least 3 counts made on separate days. All tests were compared to untreated control horses in the same area to determine whether face flies and horn flies were active.
Control of Pink Bollworm with Growth Regulators, 1979-80
Authors: Flint Hoilis M. , Merkle John R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field plot tests were conducted with combinations of Coax and Thompson-Hayward diflubenzuron for control of the pink bollworm in fields of short staple cotton on the Cotton Research Center, Maricopa Co, AZ. In 1979 we tested a single treatment consisting of 1.15 kg AI of diflubenzuron plus 2.30 kg of Coax at a rate of 1200 1 of water/ha. This rate of Coax was the minimum label rate and the rate of diflubenzuron was well above levels normally used for control of leaf feeding Lepidoptera. Six weekly applications were made during the period Jul 30 - Sep 4. During the 1980 season we tested 3 treatments (1) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron, (2) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron plus 11.5 kg Coax, and (3) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron plus 11.5 kg Coax plus 2.5% additive. All treatments were applied at a rate of 94 1 water/ha. The additive was composed of solvent extracts of cottonseed and was tested as an additional specific feeding stimulant for the pink bollworm. In this test, the rate of application of Coax was the maximum label rate and the water was reduced from the 1979 test to thicken the mixture. We made 9 weekly applications during the period Jul 14 - Aug 25. Two of these applications were repeated after heavy rain. The test plots were placed in cotton that received usual cultivation and irrigation treatments, but no insecticides were applied. The effects of the treatments on populations of the pink bollworm were determined by collecting samples of 25 firm green bolls (ca 14-20 days oldj from each plot on a 7-10 day schedule during the periods of treatment. The boll samples were incubated in the laboratory at 27°C and 30% R.H. in ventilated plastic boxes. After 2 wk the numbers of larvae, pupae, and adults were counted and recorded. We also surveyed 10 plant terminals/plot each wk for Heliothis oviposition during these tests. All tests used plots 4 rows x 7.6 m (100 row ft) and all treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. The test materials were applied using 7.5 1 pressurized hand-held sprayers with the intent of obtaining thorough coverage of all plant surfaces. Analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences (P = 0.05) in treatment means.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Methoprene (Apex), 1978-79
Authors: Rinker D.L. , Snetsinger Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
EXPERIMENT I. Six trays (.61 m x .61 m x .15 m), each filled with 18 kg of Phase II horse manure compost were placed into each of 2 small mushroom growing rooms. Each tray was spawned with 1 unit of MGA Cocoa Tan. Seven days after spawning (DAS) 240 gravid female sciarids were released onto the trays in each room. Fourteen DAS Apex 5E was applied as a drench of the rate 9.8 g (ai)/m2 on the compost in 1 of the rooms, and the compost in the second room was untreated. A Pestolite Insect Trap (Model RD-1P), equipped with blacklight blue fluorescent bulb was used to monitor fly populations in each room. The growing methods used were typical for the mushroom industry. Mushrooms were harvested for 55 days beginning 30 DAS.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1982
Authors: Weires R. W. , VanKirk J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink, May 4; petal fall, May 17, 18, and in 5 cover sprays, Jun 3, 22, Jul 9, 23, and Aug 12, using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre) dilute to runoff. Trees were 18-yrs-old, ca 12 ft high, on EM2 rootstock, and spaced 15 × 30 ft. Orthene treatments were only applied during the first 3 sprays, Guthion being used in the plots the remainder of the season. Ambush was only applied during the first 2 sprays, Cymbush being applied during the remaining sprays. Plictran 50WP at 8 oz formulation/100 gal was applied Jul 9 with all treatments except SIR 8514, Payoff, and FCR 1272. SLJ 0312 50WP at 8.0 oz formulation/100 gal was applied Jul 9 with the FCR 1272 treatment. Vangard 10WP 7.5 oz/acre was applied May 3, 27, and Jul 7 while Rubigan 1EC 9.0 oz/acre was applied Jun 15 over the entire block with an airblast sprayer at 4X (100 gal/acre) concentration. Thinning sprays were applied dilute by handgun using from 5-15 ppm of Naphthaleneacetic acid (depending upon the cultivar) on May 26. The weather was dry through the bloom period but June was unusually wet, while August was cooler than normal. Pest populations were at normal levels throughout the season. Insect damage was assessed by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from 'Mcintosh' Sep 14, 'Cortland' Sep 17, 'Empire' Sep 24, and 'Golden Delicious' Sep 28.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 198
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 5 times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 400 psi (ca 13 gal/tree) using a truck-mounted sprayer on May 14. Water pH of each tank mix was determined immediately prior to spraying using a Fisher digital 107 pH meter. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample trae at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm count per fruit of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature 'Stuart' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks with 1 tree per treatment per block. Foliar applications were made on Aug 4 with an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering approximately 30 gal of material per tree. Sampling was conducted on Aug 6 and consisted of counting the aphids on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Pecan Leaf Scorch Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature 'Stuart' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks with 1 tree per treatment per block. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on Aug 4 using an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering approximately 30 gal of material per tree. All trees were sampled on Aug 6. Sampling consisted of counting the number of mites on leaflets 2 and 3 for 10 compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Evaluation of SN72129 50 WP Against the Driedfruit Beetle, 1980
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The driedfruit beetle was grown at 26.7 ± 1° C, 60 ± 5% RH in figs reconstituted with tap water. Filter papers (9-cm diameter) were treated by pipetting 1 ml of an emulsion containing 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm insecticide in tap water over the surface and air dried for 3 h. Control (untreated) paper received only tap water. Next, 10 adults no more than 2 wk from emergence were placed in disposable petri dishes containing a treated or untreated paper. The insects were then held at 26.7 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5% RH for 24 h. Each concentration and control were replicated 5 times. Mortal ites were determined and corrected by using Abbott's formula.
Fogging with Vapona ULV Formulation to Control Stored-Product Insects, 1982
Authors: Strong R. G. , Sbur D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were made to assess the efficacy of dichlorvos (Vapona) insecticide fogged at label rates into small storage facilities to control exposed insects. Immobilized trailers measuring 8'x8'xl4' served as test chambers. Insects from laboratory cultures were contained to prevent escape during exposure to dichlorvos. Moths were held in 7.5-cm × 7.5-cm cylinders covered on each end with a layer of cheesecloth held in place with rubber bands. Cylinders rested on their sides while tests were in progress. Open fluon-coated cylinders of the same size placed in 10-cm petri dishes kept granary weevils confined, confused flour beetles and large larvae of Trogoderma variabile were held in open 10-cm petri dishes. Five samples of 20 specimens per sample were used for each test species in each of 3 treatment replicates for each of 2 rates of Cardinal 5% Vapona liquid formulation applied. One set of control specimens was held in an untreated trailer. After insects were distributed inside each trailer at 5 points from front to back, a door was cracked open to facilitate application of Vapona liquid with a 7401 Micro-Jet ULV Fogmaster fogger calibrated to deliver 1 oz/min. Delivery was timed to apply the insecticide at the desired rates of 1/2 oz/1000 ft in 27 seconds and 1 oz/1000 ft in 54 seconds. Following application of insecticides, trailer doors were locked and remained closed for 6 h, then doors were opened and the first mortality records were made. Test specimens were moved onto appropriate foods in 4-oz jars and held at 80 F and 50-60% RH. Final mortality of adults was recorded 24 h after initial exposure; I. variabile larvae were held 7 days. Temperature inside the trailers ranged from 75°-90°F during the 6-h exposure period.
Efficacy of an Avermectin Bait Formulation Upon Male German Cockroaches in Choice Boxes, 1982
Authors: Ballard James B. , Gold Roger E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A bait formulation of avermectin Bl was evaluated in modified Ebeling choice boxes. The modification consisted of the deletion of screened holes in the sides of the box. The choice box was 30 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm and made of clear white pine. A center partition divided the box into 2 chambers whereas a 1-cm hole near the top center of the partition permitted the movement of cockroaches between chambers. Box bottom was of 0.6 cm replaceable plywood panels. Top was 0.4 cm thick panels of replaceable plexiglass. In 3 replications both chambers of the choice box were provisioned with water and kept dark. One chamber of each choice box received a 2-g sample of Al po dry dog food bait previously treated with a selected concentration of Bl. The other choice box chamber received a 2-g sample of untreated Al po dog food. Samples were placed into choice boxes in plastic petri dish bottoms. The hole in the center partition was stoppered and 25 male German cockroaches, Orlando Normal biotype, were introduced into each chamber (50 cockroaches per box). One hour later, after the effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia had subsided, the stopper was removed. Once each day for 7 days the number of dead or moribund cockroaches in each side were recorded and removed. Probit analysis was performed on the data to estimate LTr„ values.
Bioassay Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adulticides on Grapes, 1982
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Werner James , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticidal formulations were evaluated for efficacy in an experimental vineyard of Delaware grapes at Wooster, Ohio. Rows were 9 ft apart with 8 ft between vines within row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines in a row. Treatments were applied twice, Jul 22 and Aug 10. A C0o constant pressure sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet D3-23 core at 45 psi was used for most of the treatments. However, there was an exception; Sevin XLR was applied 1 part XLR in 11 parts of water, using a 2D - 13 core at 20 psi. On the 1st, 5th, 11th and 15th day after application, 3 grape leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy of each treatment for use in the bioassay. They were brought into the laboratory where they were placed in a floral tube filled with water inside a ventilated 1-gal container with 10 Japanese beetles. The 1 gal ice cream cartons were modified by placing 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insect holding room was maintained at 75 F with ca. 75% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway at Hershey, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Harper J. C. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were applied Aug 30 for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (70%) and colonial bentgrass (30%). Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering-in with 3 gal water. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75°F; soil temperature, 60°F; soil type, loam; soil pH, 6.5; soil condition, moist; percent organic matter,.2.9; amount of thatch, 0.5 in; and skies were partly cloudy. Post-treatment counts were made 42 days later (Oct 11). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft sample. An average of 8 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded Aug 30 prior to treatment.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Black Turfgrass Ataenius in Massachusetts, 1982
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were applied at 2 rates each, and 3 additional insecticides were applied at 1 rate to a golf course fairway in Salem, MA on Jun 3. All materials were pre-measured in the laboratory. Granular materials were applied by-hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid. Liquid materials were applied with 12 1 water in a watering can per 9.3 m plot. All applications were mad* in 2 directions, perpendicular to each other, within each plot. Each plot was 3.05 m square, and each material was replicated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 1 cm water (pH 6.5) was applied immediately after insecticides were applied. Five 10.8 cm diameter plugs, ca 7.5 cm deep, were collected from each plot on Jul 19 and hand inspected in the laboratory to determine the distribution of all stages of black turfgrass ataenius.
Dogwood Borer Control with One vs Two Applications, Lexington, Ky, 1982
Authors: Potter D. A. , Hyatt J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Either 1 or 2 applications of Dursban 2E were applied to the trunk and crown of flowering dogwoods (5-10 cm diam) on the University of Kentucky campus. Only trees showing evidence of fresh borer frass in May were included in the study. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 25 trees/treatment. The first treatment was applied Jun 3, 14 days after date of first male capture in pheromone traps. Trees receiving 2 treatments were sprayed again on Aug 4, 14 days after the start of the late summer flight peak. On both treatment dates, trees were sprayed to runoff using a 7.6 liter (2 gal) compressed air sprayer, under sunny skies at 23-26°C. Approximately 160 ml of finished spray was applied per tree/treatment date. Counts of live borers were made Nov 9 by inspecting trees for fresh frass. Data were classified into 2 classes, e.g., 'infested' or 'not infested' and tested by chi-square contingency tests among pairs of treatments.
Phytotoxicity Trials on Bedding Plants, California, 1982:
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity tests were conducted on 15 species of plants with three rates of fenpropathrin, 0.074, 0.10 and 0.40 lb ai/100 gal. The material was applied to runoff with a hand gun operating from a 2.5 gpm piston pump at 125 psi with a 5003 nozzle. Plants were sprayed outdoors in early morning (T = 24°C) on May 24 and Jun 15. One flat consisting of 9 pony-paks with 6 plants/pony-pak were sprayed per dosage; an equal number was used for the check. After spraying, plants were left at the nursery and under normal nursery maintenance. Phytotoxicity readings were made weekly for 4 wk after spraying and compared to a water check.
Phytotoxicity Tests for Oils, 1982
Authors: Price Richard , King Ed , Pinkston Ken , Foltz Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two separate tests were conducted to evaluate Ortho Volck Oil Spray and Volck Spray + Diazinon 25EC at 3 different rates for phytotoxicity on 3 species of ornamentals. It involved treatment of 3 different types of field grown nursery stock that were located on a horticulture research farm outside of Stillwater. Treatments were made with a 2 gal B&G compressed air sprayer at approximately 20 psi. All plants were treated to run-off. The check plants were treated with water to run-off. Test 1 was applied on Jun 15 and Test 2 on Jul 20. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatments were 85°F, 5-8 mph and 81°F, 2-4 mph respectively for Test 1 and 2. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. In Test 1, plants were examined 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. In Test 2 plants were examined 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Phytotoxicity was recorded as none, slight, moderate, severe, or killed.
Phytotoxicity Tests, New Hampshire, 1981:
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were applied to selected ornamental plants to evaluate potential phytotoxicity. Experiments were conducted between Feb and Dec at the University of New Hampshire greenhouses or at Pleasant View Greenhouse, Loudon, NH. The plants were arranged in rows and were sprayed at rates of 0.5, 1x (recommended rates), 2x, and 4x using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi. Temik 10G was incorpoorated into the soil by means of a hand-held rate sprinkler and was then watered into the soil. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates, to the point of runoff. The plants were examined 4, 5 and 7 days after application.
Reduction of Insect-Induced Apical Seediness in Strawberry, 1982
Authors: Schaefers George A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticide treatments were evaluated against the tarnished plant bug on a 4-variety strawberry planting at Geneva, NY. The planting, established in 1980, consists of 40 rows, with each row having 4-2x20 ft sections of the varieties 'Honeoye', 'Canoga', 'Redchief, and 'Midway'. The planting was divided into 4 blocks and each treatment was randomly replicated once in each block. All replications received a treatment on May 25 '82 at 50 gal/acre. One-half of the row sections received a 2nd application of June 3 '82 (Test 2), while the remaining sections were restricted to the single application (Test 1). Fruit which ripened between Jun 14 and Jul 12 was harvested and rated as either injured or not injured. Injury was characterized as a collection of wel1-developed, closely-packed achenes in a depressed area on the berry. Percent injured fruit for the season are shown in the tables.
Control of Crucifer Foliage Feeding Insects by Orthene 75WP in the Transplant Water, 1982
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli and cabbage were transplanted Jul 9 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied by incorporating Orthene 75WP into the transplant water. Evaluations were made on Aug 12 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species. Infestations were considered severe for young crucifers.