bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infection of pulmonary macrophages drives neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma
Authors: Ackland Jodie , Barber Clair , Heinson Ashley , Azim Adnan , Cleary David W. , Christodoulides Myron , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh J. , Howarth Peter , Wilkinson Tom M. A. , Staples Karl J. ,   the WATCH study investigators
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a respiratory tract pathobiont that chronically colonizes the airways of asthma patients and is associated with severe, neutrophilic disease phenotypes. The mechanism of NTHi airway persistence is not well understood, but accumulating evidence suggests NTHi can persist within host airway immune cells such as macrophages. We hypothesized that NTHi infection of pulmonary macrophages drives neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 25 severe asthma patients were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation to quantify NTHi presence. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on RNASeq data from NTHi‐infected monocyte‐derived macrophages to identify transcriptomic networks associated with NTHi infection.ResultsNTHi was detected in 56% of BAL samples (NTHi+) and was associated with longer asthma duration (34 vs 22.5 years, p = .0436) and higher sputum neutrophil proportion (67% vs 25%, p = .0462). WGCNA identified a transcriptomic network of immune‐related macrophage genes significantly associated with NTHi infection, including upregulation of T17 inflammatory mediators and neutrophil chemoattractants IL1B, IL8, IL23 and CCL20 (all p < .05). Macrophage network genes SGPP2 (p = .0221), IL1B (p = .0014) and GBP1 (p = .0477) were more highly expressed in NTHi+ BAL and moderately correlated with asthma duration (IL1B; rho = 0.41, p = .041) and lower prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC% (GBP1; rho = −0.43, p = .046 and IL1B; rho = −0.42, p = .055).ConclusionsNTHi persistence with pulmonary macrophages may contribute to chronic airway inflammation and T17 responses in severe asthma, which can lead to decreased lung function and reduced steroid responsiveness. Identifying therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of NTHi in asthma could improve patient outcomes.
Solidarity and the ethics of exposing others to risk in medical research
Authors: Łuków Paweł 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ethical justifiability of the invitation of others to participate in research and their deliberate exposure to risks of harm is not a common topic in bioethics. If, however, some offers ought not to be made and the corresponding actions ought not to be facilitated, invitations to, and the conduct of, a medical study involving humans needs justification. This paper addresses this issue by linking the search for medical knowledge with solidarity. The argument begins with the observation that scientific research is aimed at general knowledge, which is a necessary condition of the social value of research. The applicability of this knowledge to many makes it potentially a public good; that is, a good that is available freely to all. For knowledge to be a public good, a social decision to make it freely available to all needs to be made. It is proposed that this decision be grounded in society's, and so in both researchers' and potential research participants’, commitment to solidarity and its obligations of provision, sharing, support, and loyalty. These obligations imply, among other things, an imperfect obligation to participate in research and the corresponding entitlement of the investigators to invite others to participate in research, and so to expose them to its risks during implementation. This entitlement is exercised in an environment shaped by the standards and protections of research ethics and the relevant institutional arrangements.
Easy or difficult? Children's understanding of how supply and demand affect goal completion
Authors: Stonehouse Emily E. , Huh Michelle , Friedman Ori 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree experiments examined children's understanding of how supply and demand affect the difficulty of completing goals. Participants were 368 predominantly White Canadians (52% female, 48% male) tested in 2017–2022. In Experiment 1, 3‐year‐olds recognized that obtaining resources is easier where supply exceeds demand than where demand exceeds supply. However, in Experiment 2, 3‐year‐olds were insensitive to supply and demand when comparing situations where demand exceeded supply to a greater or lesser degree. Finally, Experiment 3 revealed a developmental lag in 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds' understanding of how supply and demand affects goal completion: Children succeeded when contrasting a surplus and a shortage of supply relative to demand at 4;2. But they only succeeded when contrasting degrees of greater supply than demand at 5;10.
Thalamic atrophy, duration of illness, and years of education are the best predictors of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Desoky Tarek , Gamea Ayman , Ezzeldin Mohammed Y. , Zaki Ahmed F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is common in multiple sclerosis. We assessed the relationship between CI and demographic, motor disability, and volumetric brain atrophy in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).MethodsIn all, 43 RRMS patients and 40 age‐ sex‐, and education‐matched normal volunteers were enrolled. Assessments included: demographic, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS); Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS); and brain volumetric assessment.ResultsThe mean age of onset of RRMS patients was 25.72 y and the mean number of attacks was 3.30 ± 2.33/year. The total brain volume, cerebral, and cerebellar hemispheres, brainstem as well as thalamic and hippocampal gray matter were significantly reduced in RRMS patients compared with controls.CI was detected in 41.9% of patients. Patients with CI had fewer years of education (P = .001), a higher number of attacks (P = .002), worse EDSS scores (P = .030); reduced gray matter volume, particularly of the thalamus, and hippocampus compared with patients without CI. There were significant negative correlations between CI with duration of illness, number of attacks, time elapsed between onset and diagnosis, and EDSS. Thalamic volume showed strong positive correlations with CI (P < .0001). The best predictors of CI were thalamic atrophy, duration of illness, and years of education (P = .001, .010, and .035 respectively).ConclusionWe confirmed the presence of gray matter atrophy of the brain in RRMS patients. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging measures of thalamus, duration of illness, and years of education could be useful biomarkers of CI in RRMS.
Double trouble: A case of spinal muscular atrophy type III found to be complicated by myasthenia gravis due to subacute dysphagia
Authors: Ishikawa Ruoyi , Sugimoto Takamichi , Abe Takafumi , Ohno Narumi , Giga Mayumi , Naito Hiroyuki , Kono Tomoyuki , Nomura Eiichi , Yamawaki Takemori 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder caused by the progressive loss of lower motor neurons. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired, autoimmune, neuromuscular junction disorder. We encountered a rare case of coexisting SMA and MG.Case PresentationA man was diagnosed with SMA type III when aged in his 20s. At the age 71 years, he started experiencing difficulty flexing his elbow, with dysphagia appearing within a few months. He had difficulty eating and was referred to our hospital to undergo gastrostomy. Other diseases that could cause dysphagia were investigated. Tests for acetylcholine receptor antibody and edrophonium showed positive results, based on which he was diagnosed with MG. A genetic test was carried out that reconfirmed SMA. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, pyridostigmine and tacrolimus, resulting in dysphagia gradually recovering and he could consume a full meal. The patient was discharged without undergoing gastrostomy.ConclusionsSMA type III is a disease manifesting as slowly progressive muscle weakness. When the muscle weakness progresses and dysphagia appears subacutely in SMA type III patients, it is necessary to consider the complications of other diseases, such as MG.
Expanding the novel MAPKAPK5–related developmental disorder's genotype–phenotype correlation: Patient report and 19 months of follow‐up
Authors: Vecchio Davide , Cocciadiferro Dario , Macchiaiolo Marina , Gonfiantini Michaela Veronika , Agolini Emanuele , Matraxia Marta , Carboni Alessia , Coretti Antonella , Villani Andrea , Panfili Filippo Maria , Dentici Maria Lisa , Buonuomo Paola Sabrina , Rana Ippolita , Colafati Giovanna Stefania , Digilio Maria Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Bartuli Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to widen the knowledge of a recently identified, autosomal‐recessive, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome to date observed in only other three children. This is the second report of biallelic mutations in MAPKAPK5 whose impairment during human development has been associated with neurological, cardiac, and facial anomalies combined with fingers and toes malformations. Through the affected patients' genetic and phenotypic features overlap, this report confirms MAPKAPK5 as causative gene and adds unique neurodevelopmental characterization. Moreover, based on the complex congenital genitourinary anomalies reported and MAPKAPK5 literature review, we also propose kidney and external genitalia involvement as a key syndromic feature whose expressivity may be more severe in males.
Radiographic bone volume alteration after jaw cyst enucleation with or without simultaneous bone grafts: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Shi Jue , Zhou Jinhan , Liu Chuanxia , Liu Yu , Si Misi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate bone healing after jaw cyst enucleation with or without bone substitutes by cone beam computed tomography, and to analyze potential influence factors for bone formation as well.Materials and MethodsSixty seven jaw cyst patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Thirty three patients in control group accepted cystectomy without any filling material. The rest 34 bone cavities which filled with xenograft (DBBM, Bio‐Oss®) and covered by absorbable membrane (Bio‐Gide®) were included in the guided bone regeneration (GBR) group. All patients were examined with cone bean computerized tomography before operation, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influence factors of bone healing.ResultsThere was no significant difference in bone formation rate at 3 months after enucleation, with shrinkage rate (SR) of cystic lesion in control group and GBR group of 26.43 ± 14.98% and 20.78 ± 10.80%, respectively (p > 0.05). Larger shrinkage area in GBR group was detected on postoperative radiographs after 6 months with SR of 60.11 ± 19.23%, when compared to those in patients without filling (6 months SR: 48.63 ± 19.39%,p = 0.018, <0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that cyst size was negatively correlated with bone formation.ConclusionGBR with bovine xenograft and absorbable membrane showed considerable bone regeneration property in the healing of jaw cystic defects after enucleation of radicular cysts. Cyst size showed a suppressive influence on bone formation.
The impact of body mass index (BMI) on satisfaction with work life: An international BODY‐Q study
Authors: Jacobsen Amalie L. , DeVries Claire E. E. , Poulsen Lotte , Mou Danny , Klassen Anne F. , Pusic Andrea L. , Makarawung Dennis J. S. , Wiezer Marinus J. , van Veen Ruben N. , Sørensen Jens A. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryObesity is a global health issue known to have a major influence on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL). HR‐QOL is a concept evaluating physical and psychological health. Work life can impact HR‐QOL in people with obesity. The aim of this study was to measure the association between body mass index (BMI) and satisfaction with work life. This study included participants from an international multicenter field‐test study of BODY‐Q scales. Recruitment took place at hospitals in Denmark, The Netherlands and USA between June 2019 and January 2020. The BODY‐Q Work Life scale was used to measure work life satisfaction. The difference between BMI groups and work life satisfaction was examined using one‐way analysis of variance. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between BMI and work life satisfaction, adjusted for significant confounders. Of 4123 participants, 2515 completed the BODY‐Q Work Life scale. BMI groups showed significant difference in work life satisfaction (p < .0001). The Work Life scale mean score was 77.6 for the normal BMI group, 78.5 for the overweight group and 75.0, 68.9 and 63.8 for Class 1, 2 and 3 obesity, respectively. Furthermore, BMI was significantly associated with satisfaction with work life (adjusted regression coefficient −.962, p < .0001). Higher BMI was associated with lower work life satisfaction. This finding suggests that a reduction in BMI may have a positive influence on work life satisfaction in people with obesity.
Right laparoscopic pudendal release + neurostimulator prosthesis (LION procedure) in pudendal neuralgia
Authors: Moncada Enrique , de San Ildefonso Alberto , Flores Erene , Garrido Lucia , Cano‐Valderrama Oscar , Vigorita Vincenzo , Sánchez‐Santos Raquel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimPudendal neuralgia is a highly disabling entity with complex diagnostic and controversial treatment results. Surgical neurolysis has been shown to be the most effective treatment. Sacral root neurostimulation or posterior tibial nerve stimulation are used to rescue patients who either have not responded to surgery or have worsened after an initial improvement.MethodsGiven the excellent visualization of the pudendal nerve during laparoscopic pudendal release, we propose to combine this procedure with neurostimulation, taking advantage of the possibility of in situ placement of the electrode. The abdominal cavity is accessed laparoscopically through four ports, and after identifying and releasing the pudendal nerve a neurostimulation electrode is placed next to the nerve and is connected to a generator located in a subcutaneous pocket.ResultsThis procedure has been performed in one patient with a satisfactory result.ConclusionsLaparoscopic pudendal release with neurostimulator prosthesis is an experimental technique that can be promising for the treatment of pudendal neuralgia.
Upper Midwest tribal natural resource managers' perspectives on chronic wasting disease outreach, surveillance, and management
Authors: Schwabenlander Marc D. , Potts Nicole , Moore Seth , Larsen Peter A. , Bernstein Lauren A. , Wolf Tiffany M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManagement strategies for chronic wasting disease (CWD) across tribal lands have varied in response to changing dynamics of CWD risk. As CWD continues to spread across the United States, concerns associated with the disease are increasing. We interviewed 19 natural resource managers representing Anishinaabe and Dakota tribes in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin with goals of understanding needs and opportunities for CWD engagement, surveillance, and outreach on tribal lands; the implementation of natural resources policy and management across tribal nations; and opportunities for tribal partnership‐development to control CWD. Qualitative data analyses of interview responses revealed substantial variation in the number of tribal hunters, hunter regulation, and huntable tribal lands across our study area. Proximity of tribal lands in relation to CWD detections impacted tribal agency management strategies for CWD. Our results indicate a desire for CWD outreach and surveillance, mutually beneficial collaborations, and a need for incorporating cultural knowledge into CWD management strategies. We conclude that tribal CWD management and surveillance plans will be enhanced through strategic and thoughtful CWD outreach methods. Moreover, partnerships must recognize tribal sovereignty and respectfully integrate tribal values, knowledge, and worldview.
Voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring among lung transplant recipients receiving targeted therapy for invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Butler‐Laporte Guillaume , Langevin Marie‐Claude , Lemieux Claude , Poirier Charles , Ferraro Pasquale , Théorêt Yves , Luong Me‐Linh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVoriconazole is the first line treatment for invasive aspergillosis (IA) Current guidelines suggest performing regular voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize treatment efficacy. We aimed to determine if TDM was predictive of clinical outcome in LTRs.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed for all LTRs with probable or proven IA, treated with voriconazole monotherapy and who underwent TDM during therapy. Clinical outcome and toxicity were measured at 12 weeks. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to determine the most predictive voriconazole level thresholds for successful outcome.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen TDM samples from 30 LTRs with IA were analyzed. Three LTRs were excluded due to early treatment discontinuation. The median TDM level was 1.2 μg/ml (range 0.06–7.3). At 12 weeks, 62% (17/27) of patients had a successful outcome, while 37% (10/27) of patients failed therapy. CART analysis determined that the best predictor for successful outcome was a median TDM level >0.72 μg/ml. Seventy percent (14/20) of patients with median TDM above 0.72 μg/ml had a successful outcome, compared to 42.9% (3/7) of patients with a median TDM below 0.72 μg/ml (OR 3.11; 95% CI: 0.53–20.4; P = 0.21). CART analysis determined that a TDM level greater than 2.13 μg/ml was predictive of hepatotoxicity.ConclusionsOur data suggests that a voriconazole TDM range between 0.72 μg/ml and 2.13 μg/ml may be associated with improved outcomes. Our study is in line with current recommendations on the use of voriconazole TDM in improving outcome and minimizing toxicity in LTR with IA.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) correlates with mean pulmonary artery pressure especially 10 years after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Michalski Morgana , Haas Nikolaus , Dalla Pozza Robert , Michel Sebastian , Fischer Marcus , Lehner Anja , Rosenthal Laura , Jakob Andre , Orban Madeleine , Ulrich Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is important in the noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of right heart function. This retrospective observational study shows correlations of TAPSE with invasive right heart catheterization parameters after pediatric heart transplantation (HTx). The study included patients after pediatric HTx with cardiac catheterizations in 2018/2019 and measurement of TAPSE (n = 52 patients with 57 examinations; 50.9% adults, 52.6% female, median age: 18.54 years). TAPSE was compared with normal values. Stepwise, linear and multiple regression were used to show influencing variables on TAPSE. Mean TAPSE z‐score was −3.48 (SD: 2.25) and 68.4% of HTx‐recipients showed abnormally reduced TAPSE (z‐score ←2) compared to normal values. Multiple regression (p‐value <0.001; corrected R2 = 0.338) showed significant correlations of time since HTx (p‐value <0.001) and mPAP (p‐value: 0.008) with TAPSE z‐scores. Divided into subgroups (time since HTx <10 and ≥10 years), TAPSE and mPAP correlated only ≥10 years after HTx (p‐value = 0.002). This study provides data of TAPSE even ≥10 years after pediatric HTx. Most patients showed a decreased TAPSE early after HTx, which improved over time. TAPSE z‐scores correlated significantly with time since HTx and mPAP, especially ≥10 years post‐HTx. Therefore, TAPSE must be used carefully in the early follow‐up.
Translational researchers’ training and development needs, preferences, and barriers: A survey in a National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bell Karen , Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Henderson Lorna R. , Kiparoglou Vasiliki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective was to identify translational researchers’ training and development needs, preferences, and barriers to attending training. This cross‐sectional study involved an online questionnaire survey. The research population comprised a convenience sample of translational researchers and support staff (N = 798) affiliated with the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The response rate was 24%. Of 189 respondents, 114 were women (60%) and 75 were men (40%). The respondents were mainly research scientists (31%), medical doctors and dentists (17%), and research nurses and midwives (16%). Many of the respondents had attended at least one training course in the last year (68%). Training in statistics and data analysis was the most common training received (20%). Leadership training was the most wanted training (25%). Morning was the most preferred time of training (60%). Half a day was the ideal duration of a training course (41%). The main teaching hospital site was the most preferred location of training (46%). An interactive workshop was the most favored delivery style of training (52%). Most common barriers to attending training were the lack of time (31%), work (21%) and clinical commitments (19%), and family and childcare responsibilities (14%). Some differences in training needs, preferences, and barriers were found by gender and role, though these were not statistically significant. Translational researchers want short, easily accessible, and interactive training sessions during the working day. The training needs, preferences, and barriers to attending training need to be considered while developing inclusive training programs in biomedical research settings.
1019. GLADIOLUS MICROCARPUS: Iridaceae
Authors: Duncan Graham , Rix Martyn , King Christabel 
Published: May 2022

SummaryGladiolus microcarpus G.J. Lewis is a striking, summer‐flowering cremnophyte, with a strongly weeping habit, endemic to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre in southern Africa. A description and details of its history, taxonomy, habitat and cultivation are given.
Imaginaries of Soy and the Costs of Commodity‐led Development: Reflections from Argentina
Authors: Giraudo Maria Eugenia , Grugel Jean 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTMany developing countries continue to rely on export‐oriented growth strategies based on primary commodities, despite the many limitations of such policies. The persistence of this model is inherently related to the dominance of ‘commodity imaginaries’. This article focuses on Argentina, an emblematic case of commodity dependency, where the soybean imaginary has dominated for the past 30 years. This imaginary has framed mainstream understandings of Argentina's path to growth and progress, shaped political contestation and ensured that a particular understanding of science and technology sits at the centre of the meaning of national development. In the process, it has transformed the country's geography in ways that normalize soy's dominance and invisibilize people and places located at the margins of the imaginary. The soybean imaginary renders a deeply political project of economic growth as ‘common sense’. This article concludes that closer attention to the way national development projects are shaped, consciously and unconsciously, by commodity imaginaries could help explain the puzzle of how national governments can become locked into development choices that are environmentally unsustainable and that reproduce inequalities.