bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National and sub-national trends of salt intake in Iranians from 2000 to 2016: a systematic analysis
Authors: Gholami Ali , Ghanbari Ali , Rezaei Shahabeddin , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Khatibzadeh Shahab , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Hariri Mitra , Zamaninour Negar , Sheidaei Ali , Abdollahi Morteza , Mirmiran Parvin , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ostovar Afshin , Mohammadifard Noushin , Khosravi Alireza , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
One fifth of the global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2017 was attributable to excessive salt intake. As a member of the World Health Organization (WHO), Iran has committed itself to a 30% reduction in salt intake by 2025. Evidence on the amount and trend of salt intake among the Iranian population at national and sub-national levels is scarce. This study aimed to estimate the Iranian population’s salt intake during 2000–2016 at the national and sub-national levels, by sex and age groups.

Methods
Data on national and sub-national mean salt intake was obtained through systematically searching the literature and contacting the research studies’ principal investigators. Data collected through various methods were harmonized using the cross-walk method. Bayesian hierarchical and spatio-temporal-age regression models and simulation analysis were used to estimate the mean salt intake and its uncertainty interval across sex, age, year, and province.

Results
National age-sex standardized mean salt intake decreased from 10·53 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 10·2 to 10·9) in 2000 to 9·41 (9·2 to 10·6) in 2016 (percent change: − 9·8% [− 21·1–3·1]). The age-standardized mean salt intake in women had decreased from 9·8 g/day (95% UI: 9·0–10·6) in 2000 to 9·1 g/day (8·6–9·7) in 2016 (percent change: − 6·6% [− 19·0–7·9]). The same measure in men was 11·1 g/day in 2000 (95% UI: 10·3–11·8) and 9·7 g/day (9·1–10·2) in 2016 (percent change: − 12·7% [− 23·0 – -0·9]).
Age-sex standardized mean salt intake at the sub-national level in 2016 varied from 8·0 (95% UI: 7·0–9·0) to 10·5 (10·0–11·1). The difference between the provinces with the highest and the lowest levels of salt intake in 2016 was 31·3%.

Conclusion
Salt intake decreased in Iran from 2000 to 2016, while persistently exceeding the recommended values. This declining trend was more pronounced between 2010 and 2016, which might be attributed to Iran’s compliance to WHO’s Action Plan for reducing NCDs.
Analgesic effect of iliopsoas plane block for hip fracture
Authors: Wang Chun-Guang , Yang Yang , Yang Ming-Yu , Wang Xiu-Li , Ding Yan-Ling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hip fracture and surgery are associated with moderate to severe pain, which hampers early mobilization and extends the hospital stay. Femoral nerve block and fascia iliaca compartment block could provide effective postoperative pain relief. Unfortunately, they could weaken the strength of the quadriceps muscle and increase the risk of falls. Iliopsoas plane block (IPB) is a novel motor-sparing regional technique, which targets the sensory branches of the hip joint originating from the femoral nerve. However, the analgesic effect of IPB has not been confirmed yet.

Case presentation
In the present case series, IPB and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block were implemented under the guidance of ultrasound for eight patients with hip fractures. The median (IQR) visual analog scale (VAS) score (0–10; 0: no pain, 10: worst pain) decreased from 1.5 (0.25–2) before IPB to 0 (0–0) 0.5h after IPB at rest. The median (IQR) VAS score decreased from 8 (7–8) before IPB to 2 (1–2) 0.5h after IPB during flexion of hip 30°. Pain score was no more than one at rest and three during flexion of the hip 30° within 48h after surgery. Furthermore, the MMT grades of quadriceps strength were no less than four after IPB.

Conclusions
Our case series firstly highlights that IPB might be an effective analgesic technique for hip fracture and surgery, while retaining motor function.
Patients exposed to vancomycin-resistant enterococci during in-hospital outbreaks in a low endemic setting: a proposal for risk-based screening
Authors: Büchler Andrea C. , Ragozzino Silvio , Wicki Melanie , Spaniol Violeta , Jäger Sammy , Seth-Smith Helena M. B. , Goldenberger Daniel , Hinic Vladimira , Egli Adrian , Frei Reno , Widmer Andreas F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal extent of screening of contact patients (CoPat) after exposure to patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) remains controversial.

Methods
We retrospectively developed a new risk stratification for screening patients exposed to VRE, based on data from three outbreaks—two with Enterococcus faecium vanB and one with Enterococcus faecium vanA involving 1096 CoPat—in a low endemic setting. We classified them into four risk groups: three on environmental exposure, one by healthcare exposure: high (sharing the same room/bathroom with a VRE-colonized patient), medium (hospitalization in the same room after a VRE-colonized patient’s discharge until terminal disinfection including ultraviolet C (UVc)-disinfection), low (hospitalized in the same room within three weeks before the VRE-colonized patient), and “staff” (screening of patients having the same medical care team).

Results
VRE-transmission occurred in 7.9% in the high-risk group compared to 0.6% and 0% in the medium and low risk groups. There was a significant trend to higher rates of transmission by risk level of exposure (p < 0.001). In the “staff” group, VRE transmission rate was 2.3%.

Conclusion
Based on this stratification, we recommend to focus screening of exposed CoPat on the high-risk and “staff” group, saving resources and costs, but larger studies will allow to further improve the yield of VRE screening in the outbreak setting.
The intriguing roles of Siglec family members in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jiang Kui-Ying , Qi Li-Li , Kang Fu-Biao , Wang Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSialic acid-binding receptors are expressed on the surfaces of a variety of immune cells and have complex and diverse immunoregulatory functions in health and diseases. Recent studies have shown that Siglecs could play diverse immune and nonimmune regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in tumor progression through various mechanisms, such as regulating tumor growth and metastasis, mediating the inflammatory response, and promoting tumor immune escape, thereby affecting the prognoses and outcomes of patients. However, depending on the cell type in which they are expressed, each Siglec member binds to corresponding ligands in the microenvironment milieu to drive diverse cell physiological and pathological processes in tumors. Therefore, we herein summarize the expression spectra and functions of the Siglec family in human diseases, particularly cancer, and highlight the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the TME in the future.
EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: current status and perspectives
Authors: Hou Jiabao , Li Hongle , Ma Shuxiang , He Zhen , Yang Sen , Hao Lidan , Zhou Hanqiong , Zhang Zhe , Han Jing , Wang Li , Wang Qiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlatinum-based chemotherapy was previously the first-choice treatment for lung cancer. The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations and the development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) marked the beginning of the targeted therapy era for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty percent of NSCLC patients carry EGFR gene mutations. For these advanced NSCLC patients, EGFR-TKIs are currently preferred for their superior activity and survival benefits over platinum-based chemotherapy. However, therapeutic efficacy is quite different in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations versus common mutations. Patients with ex20ins mutations are insensitive to EGFR-TKIs and have poor prognosis. Some drugs targeting EGFR ex20ins mutations have been approved. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent clinical research of and treatments used for EGFR ex20ins mutations, summarized the latest data on emerging therapies, and discussed future prospects and treatments.
Targeting CD47/SIRPα as a therapeutic strategy, where we are and where we are headed
Authors: Qu Tailong , Li Baiyong , Wang Yifei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy using PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors to stimulate T cell immunity has achieved significant clinical success. However, only a portion of patients benefit from T cell-based immunotherapy. Macrophages, the most abundant type of innate immune cells in the body, play an important role in eliminating tumor cells and infectious microbes. The phagocytic check point protein CD47 inhibits the phagocytic activity of macrophages through binding to SIRPα expressed on macrophages. Blockade of the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα could restore phagocytic activity and eliminate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In this manuscript, we review the mechanism of action and development status of agents (antibodies targeting CD47 and SIRPα, SIRPα-Fc fusion proteins, and bi-specific antibodies) that block CD47/SIRPα interaction in preclinical studies and in the clinical setting. In addition, small molecules, mRNA, and CAR-T/M that target the CD47/SIRPα axis are also reviewed in this article.
The amyloid plaque proteome in early onset Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome
Authors: Drummond Eleanor , Kavanagh Tomas , Pires Geoffrey , Marta-Ariza Mitchell , Kanshin Evgeny , Nayak Shruti , Faustin Arline , Berdah Valentin , Ueberheide Beatrix , Wisniewski Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmyloid plaques contain many proteins in addition to beta amyloid (Aβ). Previous studies examining plaque-associated proteins have shown these additional proteins are important; they provide insight into the factors that drive amyloid plaque development and are potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to comprehensively identify proteins that are enriched in amyloid plaques using unbiased proteomics in two subtypes of early onset AD: sporadic early onset AD (EOAD) and Down Syndrome (DS) with AD. We focused our study on early onset AD as the drivers of the more aggressive pathology development in these cases is unknown and it is unclear whether amyloid-plaque enriched proteins differ between subtypes of early onset AD. Amyloid plaques and neighbouring non-plaque tissue were microdissected from human brain sections using laser capture microdissection and label-free LC–MS was used to quantify the proteins present. 48 proteins were consistently enriched in amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS. Many of these proteins were more significantly enriched in amyloid plaques than Aβ. The most enriched proteins in amyloid plaques in both EOAD and DS were: COL25A1, SMOC1, MDK, NTN1, OLFML3 and HTRA1. Endosomal/lysosomal proteins were particularly highly enriched in amyloid plaques. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to validate the enrichment of four proteins in amyloid plaques (moesin, ezrin, ARL8B and SMOC1) and to compare the amount of total Aβ, Aβ40, Aβ42, phosphorylated Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ species and oligomeric species in EOAD and DS. These studies showed that phosphorylated Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ species and SMOC1 were significantly higher in DS plaques, while oligomers were significantly higher in EOAD. Overall, we observed that amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS largely contained the same proteins, however the amount of enrichment of some proteins was different in EOAD and DS. Our study highlights the significant enrichment of many proteins in amyloid plaques, many of which may be potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for AD.
Interface astrogliosis in contact sport head impacts and military blast exposure
Authors: Babcock Katharine J. , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Kiernan Patrick T. , Mahar Ian , Cherry Jonathan D. , Alvarez Victor E. , Goldstein Lee E. , Stein Thor D. , McKee Ann C. , Huber Bertrand R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExposure to military blast and repetitive head impacts (RHI) in contact sports is associated with increased risk of long-term neurobehavioral sequelae and cognitive deficits, and the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). At present, the exact pathogenic mechanisms of RHI and CTE are unknown, and no targeted therapies are available. Astrocytes have recently emerged as key mediators of the multicellular response to head trauma. Here, we investigated interface astrogliosis in blast and impact neurotrauma, specifically in the context of RHI and early stage CTE. We compared postmortem brain tissue from former military veterans with a history of blast exposure with and without a neuropathological diagnosis of CTE, former American football players with a history of RHI with and without a neuropathological diagnosis of CTE, and control donors without a history of blast, RHI exposure or CTE diagnosis. Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we found that astrogliosis was higher at the grey-white matter interface in the dorsolateral frontal cortex, with mixed effects at the subpial surface and underlying cortex, in both blast and RHI donors with and without CTE, compared to controls. These results indicate that certain astrocytic alterations are associated with both impact and blast neurotrauma, and that different astroglial responses take place in distinct brain regions.
Harmonization of [11C]raclopride brain PET images from the HR+ and HRRT: method development and validation in human subjects
Authors: Hoye Jocelyn , Toyonaga Takuya , Zakiniaeiz Yasmin , Stanley Gelsina , Hampson Michelle , Morris Evan D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There has been an ongoing need to compare and combine the results of new PET imaging studies conducted with [11C]raclopride with older data. This typically means harmonizing data across different scanners. Previous harmonization studies have utilized either phantoms or human subjects, but the use of both phantoms and humans in one harmonization study is not common. The purpose herein was (1) to use phantom images to develop an inter-scanner harmonization technique and (2) to test the harmonization technique in human subjects.

Methods
To develop the harmonization technique (Experiment 1), the Iida brain phantom was filled with F-18 solution and scanned on the two scanners in question (HRRT, HR+, Siemens/CTI). Phantom images were used to determine the optimal isotropic Gaussian filter to harmonize HRRT and HR+ images. To evaluate the harmonization on human images (Experiment 2), inter-scanner variability was calculated using [11C]raclopride scans of 3 human subjects on both the HRRT and HR+ using percent difference (PD) in striatal non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) between HR+ and HRRT (with and without Gaussian smoothing). Finally, (Experiment 3), PDT/RT was calculated for test–retest (T/RT) variability of striatal BPND for 8 human subjects scanned twice on the HR+.

Results
Experiment 1 identified the optimal filter as a Gaussian with a 4.5 mm FWHM. Experiment 2 resulted in 13.9% PD for unfiltered HRRT and 3.71% for HRRT filtered with 4.5 mm. Experiment 3 yielded 5.24% PDT/RT for HR+.

Conclusions
The PD results show that the variability of harmonized HRRT is less than the T/RT variability of the HR+. The harmonization technique makes it possible for BPND estimates from the HRRT to be compared to (and/or combined with) those from the HR+ without adding to overall variability. Our approach is applicable to all pairs of scanners still in service.
Superior mesenteric vein reconstruction during pancreatoduodenectomy using a dilated right ovarian vein in a patient at future risk for pelvic congestion syndrome: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Yuki , Matsuo Kenichi , Oyama Hideyuki , Sekine Ryuichi , Nakamura Akihiro , Uchida Tsuneyuki , Makuuchi Mikio , Tanaka Kuniya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Pancreatoduodenectomy including resection of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is increasingly performed for right-sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invading the wall of that vessel. Various venous grafts may be chosen for reconstruction. We present a woman with pancreatic cancer who underwent such a pancreatoduodenectomy with venous reconstruction using a dilated right ovarian vein.

Case presentation
A 71-year-old woman with cancer involving the pancreatic head, uncinate process, and SMV underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with SMV resection. Reconstruction used a portion of the right ovarian vein that was markedly dilated and had placed her at risk for pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Graft patency was confirmed 8 months after surgery. She now finished receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and has no symptoms of PCS.

Conclusion
If an ovarian vein has sufficient diameter, it can be used to reconstruct the resected segment of the SMV during pancreatoduodenectomy in suitable patients.
A Framework for Clinicians to Improve the Decision-Making Process in Return to Sport
Authors: Yung Kate K. , Ardern Clare L. , Serpiello Fabio R. , Robertson Sam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReturn-to-sport (RTS) decisions are critical to clinical sports medicine and are often characterised by uncertainties, such as re-injury risk, time pressure induced by competition schedule and social stress from coaches, families and supporters. RTS decisions have implications not only for the health and performance of an athlete, but also the sports organisation. RTS decision-making is a complex process, which relies on evaluating multiple biopsychosocial factors, and is influenced by contextual factors. In this narrative review, we outline how RTS decision-making of clinicians could be evaluated from a decision analysis perspective. To begin with, the RTS decision could be explained as a sequence of steps, with a decision basis as the core component. We first elucidate the methodological considerations in gathering information from RTS tests. Second, we identify how decision-making frameworks have evolved and adapt decision-making theories to the RTS context. Third, we discuss the preferences and perspectives of the athlete, performance coach and manager. We conclude by proposing a framework for clinicians to improve the quality of RTS decisions and make recommendations for daily practice and research.
The protective effect of β-cryptoxanthin against cyclophosphamide-induced lung injury in adult male albino rats
Authors: Badawi Marwa Sayed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer agent widely used in chemotherapy. It has been suggested that CYP causes toxicity in many organs, including the lungs and testes. Many studies have indicated that some antioxidants have possible protective effects against CYP’s side effects. β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is known for its antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BCX on CYP-induced lung injury in rats using histologic and biochemical methods.MethodsForty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I served as the control group. Group II received BCX orally in a dose of 4 mg/kg per day for 7 days. Group III received a single dose (200 mg/kg) of CYP intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 7th day of the study. Group IV received (CYP + BCX). On the 8th day of the experiment, lung tissues were collected for histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined in all dissected tissues.ResultsPretreatment with BCX ameliorated lung morphological changes noticed in CYP group and the levels of MDA and MPO were significantly decreased whereas those of GSH, GSH-Px and SOD were significantly increased.ConclusionsBCX provides a protective effect against CYP-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis.
In silico studies on the interaction of four cytotoxic compounds with angiogenesis target protein HIF-1α and human androgen receptor and their ADMET properties
Authors: Ngbolua Jean-Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Kilembe Jason T. , Matondo Aristote , Ashande Colette Masengo , Mukiza Janvier , Nzanzu Célestin Mudogo , Ruphin Fatiany Pierre , Baholy Robijaona , Mpiana Pius T. , Mudogo Virima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide and constitutes the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. This study was thus designed to identify new natural compounds from Malagasy medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer.

Methods
In silico analyses by molecular docking to model ligand–protein interactions, and by SwissADME and ADMET webservers to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of the four investigated compounds in interaction with the angiogenesis target protein HIF-1α/breast cancer (PDB ID: 3KCX) and human androgen receptor/prostate cancer (PDB ID: 1E3G) were performed.

Results
The docking results show that the HIF-1α receptor has the best binding energy when it interacts with compound 1 (1′,4-dihydroxy-2,3′-dimethyl-1,2′-binapthyl-5,5′,8,8′-tetraone: − 8.49 kcal/mol) followed by compound 3 [(E)-5,6-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-3-(prop-1-enyl)phenyl)-2H-chromene: -8.43 kcal/mol], compound 2 (6′-ethoxy-1′3′-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-1,2′-binaphthyl-2,5′,8,8′-tetraone: − 7.80 kcal/mol) and compound 4 (methyl 10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,9,12b,14a-hexamethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,11,12b,13,14,14a,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylate: − 7.63 kcal/mol). The receptor 1E3G displayed poor binding affinity energy to all tested compounds with energy value above − 11.99 kcal/mol (co-crystal). Based on the H-bonding interaction, ligands 1 and 2 displayed a good pharmacophore profiles to both protein targets 3KCX and 1E3G. Ligand 3 does not interact with the selected receptors via hydrogen bonds. The pharmacokinetic profile of these phyto-compounds revealed that they are orally active and safe. They were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated previously by our team using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (LC/MS/NMR).

Conclusions
The ligands 1 and 2 can be considered as hits since in addition to their thermodynamic stability with the receptors; they presented a good pharmacokinetic profile and could thus be useful as an alternative therapy in breast and prostate cancer. This study offers a strong potential in developing new, cost-effective, and safe plant-based natural drugs against cancer.