bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a School‐Based Nutrition Intervention in Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Children in Thailand
Authors: Kanchanachitra Manasigan , Angeles Gustavo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the impact of a school‐based nutrition program on preventing overweight and obesity in children in Thailand from 2014 to 2019.METHODSWe used difference‐in‐differences with matched comparison group to evaluate program impact. Treatment schools were categorized into those that participated in phase 1 only, and those that participated in phase 1 and 2. We matched 311 treatment schools in phase 1 only with 1504 comparison schools, and 75 treatment schools in both phases with 216 comparison schools. Administrative data from Thailand Office of Basic Education Commission were used from 2014 (baseline), 2016 (first follow‐up), and 2019 (second follow‐up).RESULTSProgram resulted in a 0.6‐1.1 percentage point reduction in the students' probability of overweight by the end of phase 1, and 1.7 percentage points by the end of phase 2. Impact on obesity was found only for schools participating in both phases (0.4 and 0.9 percentage points by the end of phase 1 and 2, respectively).IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYProgram continuity and intensity are key to achieve a reduction in overweight and obesity in schoolchildren.CONCLUSIONSThe program was successful in reducing overweight and/or obesity given appropriate level of continuity and intensity.
Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis
Authors: Lan Rong , Wu Yiqun , Dai Qinggang , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF‐β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
Morphological disparity trends in Devonian trilobites from North Africa
Authors: Bault Valentin , Crônier Catherine , Monnet Claude 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Devonian was a time of drastic environmental change that shaped the morphology of trilobites. This study aims to investigate their morphological evolution and to show the influence of some abiotic and biotic factors (bathymetry, feeding habits and visual abilities) on their shape. A dataset was compiled to investigate the shape of three structures (cephalon as a whole, central part of the cephalon, and pygidium) of Devonian trilobites from North Africa, using a geometric morphometric approach. Based on empirical morphospaces, the morphological changes were quantified through the Devonian stages. The results reveal important variations in the morphological disparity of the glabella shape, the facial suture location, the pygidial length and the presence of spines. In the Lochkovian, morphological disparity was low, subsequently increased in the Pragian with numerous innovations, and reached a maximum in the Emsian. If the morphospace occupancy remained until the Eifelian, a severe loss of disparity occurred in the Givetian, a time known for important environmental changes. Disparity then remained low in the Late Devonian. The shapes inherited from the Silurian persisted throughout the Devonian whereas Pragian novelties were most affected by losses. These persistent shapes were more versatile for environmental adaptation, helping those trilobites to survive the environmental events. Similarly, the trilobite orders that survived Devonian events had a wide morphological spectrum and were better adapted to withstand environmental change.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveal adaptive responses of three poplar varieties against the bacterial pathogen Lonsdalea populi
Authors: Yang Xiaoqian , Li Yiwen , Yu Ruen , Zhang Lichun , Yang Yuzhang , Xiao Dandan , Li Aining , Wang Yanwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferent poplar varieties vary in their tolerance to certain pathogens. However, knowledge about molecular regulation and critical responses of resistant poplars during pathogen infection remains scarce. To investigate adaptive responses to canker disease caused by the bacterium Lonsdalea populi, we screened three poplar varieties with contrasting tolerance, including Populus deltoides. ‘Zhonglin 2025’ (2025), Populus × Euramericana. ‘74/76’ (107) and Populus tomentosa cv ‘henan’ (P. tomentosa). Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in the expression levels of defence‐related genes in different poplar varieties in response to infection, which reshaped the PTI and ETI processes. Intriguingly, photosynthesis‐related genes were found to be highly expressed in the resistant variety, whereas the opposite was observed in the susceptible variety. Susceptible poplars maintained the activation of defence‐related genes during early period of onset, which restricted the expression of photosynthesis‐related and auxin signal‐related genes. Furthermore, combined with metabolomic analysis, differences in the content of antibacterial substances and key differentially expressed genes in phenylpropane and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were identified. Delayed induction of catechin in the susceptible variety and it's in vitro antibacterial activity were considered to be one of the important reasons for the differences in resistance to L. populi compared with the resistant variety, which is of practical interest for tree breeding. Moreover, the trade‐off between growth and defence observed among the three poplar varieties during infection provides new insights into the multilevel regulatory circuits in tree‐pathogen interactions.
Root water uptake depth determines the hydraulic vulnerability of temperate European tree species during the extreme 2018 drought
Authors: Kahmen A. , Basler D. , Hoch G. , Link R. M. , Schuldt B. , Zahnd C. , Arend M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe took advantage of the European 2018 drought and assessed the mechanisms causing differences in drought vulnerability among mature individuals of nine co‐occurring tree species at the Swiss Canopy Crane II site in Switzerland.Throughout the drought we monitored leaf water status and determined native embolism formation in the canopy of the trees as indicators of drought vulnerability. We also determined hydraulic vulnerability thresholds (Ψ12‐, Ψ50‐ and Ψ88‐values), corresponding hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) and carbohydrate reserves for all species as well as total average leaf area per tree, and used stable isotopes to assess differences in root water uptake depth among the nine species as variables predicting differences in drought vulnerability among species.Marked differences in drought vulnerability were observed among the nine tree species. Six species maintained their water potentials above hydraulic thresholds, while three species,Fagus sylvatica,Carpinus betulusandPicea abies, were pushed beyond their hydraulic thresholds and showed loss of hydraulic conductivity in their canopies at the end of the drought. Embolism resistance thresholds and associated HSMs did not explain why the co‐existing species differed in their drought vulnerability, neither did their degree of isohydry, nor their regulation of carbohydrate reserves. Instead, differences in structural–morphological traits, in particular root water uptake depth, were associated with the risk of reaching hydraulic vulnerability thresholds and embolism formation among the nine species.Our study shows that structural–morphological traits, such as root water uptake depth, determine how quickly different species approach hydraulic vulnerability thresholds during a drought event and can thus explain species differences in drought vulnerability among mature field‐grown trees.
From voluntary to mandatory corporate accountability: The politics of the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act
Authors: Weihrauch David , Carodenuto Sophia , Leipold Sina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFollowing a long‐standing and highly contested policy debate, in June 2021, the German parliament passed the Supply Chain Due Diligence Act requiring mandatory due diligence (MDD) of large companies, holding them accountable for the impacts of their supply chain operations abroad. Applying the discursive agency approach and using evidence from policy documents and 21 interviews with key stakeholders, we analyze the political strategies that paved the way toward MDD in Germany. The decisive strategy was an innovative benchmarking and monitoring mechanism that provided the legitimacy for a law and opened a window of opportunity for MDD supporters. Civil society and supportive politicians used this window of opportunity to build broad political coalitions that included the support of some companies. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for understanding the domestic politics behind the newly emerging norm of foreign corporate accountability.
Time Series Modelling of Repeated Survey Data for Estimation of Finite Population Parameters
Authors: Pfeffermann Danny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the first part of the article, I review and discuss the pioneering contributions of the late Alastair Scott and T.M.F Smith to time series analysis of repeated survey data. In the second part, I review and discuss some of the extensive theoretical and applied developments in this area, emerging from their work over the ensuing 40 years or so. I conclude with a brief summary of Scott and Smith contributions and extensions, with some remarks on possible advances and challenges to time series analysis of repeated surveys.
Twice Harmonic Balance Method for Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Quasi-Periodic Responses
Authors: Zheng Zechang , Lu Zhongrong , Liu Guang , Chen Yanmao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A twice harmonic balance (THB) method is proposed to compute and analyze quasi-periodic (QP) responses of nonlinear dynamical systems, with emphasis on the stability and bifurcation of QP responses. In the first harmonic balancing, the original system is transformed into a truncated system via harmonic balance method with variable-coefficients. The truncated system is further solved via the second harmonic balancing, more specifically the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. The equivalence is addressed between the periodic solutions of the truncated system and the QP responses of the original system. According to the relationship, the presented method is in essence to convert the problem of solving the original system for QP responses into a truncated system for periodic solutions. Numerical examples show that the semi-analytical QP solutions obtained by the THB method are in well consistence with the solutions obtained by the Runge–Kutta (RK) method and the IHB method with two time scales, respectively. More importantly, the stability of the attained QP solutions can be analyzed by just applying the Floquet theory to the periodic response of the truncated system. The continuation of the QP responses is generated by the presented method, on which the possible bifurcations resulted from the stability reversal are analyzed in detail. In addition, the evolution of QP responses can also be tracked from periodic solutions, such as that due to the onset of a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation.
Estimate of Neutron Fluence Using Isotope Ratio Method for ZR-2.5NB Materials Irradiated in the National Research Universal Reactor
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Shi Youqing , Bickel Grant , Robert DeAbreu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The isotope ratio method (IRM) is a technique used for estimating the energy production in a fission reactor by measuring isotope ratios in nonfuel reactor components. This method has been successfully demonstrated on the estimation of cumulative energy production as well as plutonium production in graphite-moderated and light-water-moderated reactors for nonproliferation purposes. In this paper, IRM was used to estimate neutron fluence in Zr-2.5Nb materials irradiated in fast neutron (FN) irradiation facilities in the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor. Neutron fluence has been shown to be an important parameter for studying irradiation effects on the performance and properties of critical reactor components. Selected isotope ratios of hafnium and iron were used as indicators of the neutron fluence in Zr-2.5Nb sample materials. Correlations between neutron fluence and the indicator element isotope ratios were generated using the reactor physics simulation codes Winfrith improved multigroup scheme (WIMS)-AECL and SCALE/Oak Ridge Isotope GENeration code (ORIGEN). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to obtain accurate measurements of the isotope ratios. Neutron fluence values estimated using IRM, were in good agreement with the values based on measured irradiation power histories of the NRU reactor. This study proposes a potential application of IRM to the estimation of neutron fluence for critical reactor components in heavy-water-moderated reactors such as pressure and calandria tubes in CANDU® reactors.
Study on Combustion Characteristics of Diesel/Natural Gas/Hydrogen RCCI Engine
Authors: Qin Wenjin , Xu Lihui , Cheng Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the increasing environmental and energy problems, the development of new combustion technology has become a hot topic in the research of internal combustion engine. Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode is the most promising combustion mode at present, which can solve the problems of combustion ignition controllability, and expand the engine load range. In this paper, optical diagnostics and numerical simulation are used to study the diesel/natural gas/hydrogen tri-fuel RCCI engine performance. Results show that hydrogen can significantly improve in-cylinder combustion and emission characteristics. With the increase of hydrogen addition, the combustion efficiency is increased accordingly, and the afterburning is prevented, which makes the exhaust energy loss decrease.
Forced Cenozoic continental subduction of Tarim craton-like lithosphere below the Tianshan revealed by ambient noise tomography
Authors: Sun Weijia , Ao Songjian , Tang Qingya , Malusà Marco G. , Zhao Liang , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe possibility that craton-like lithosphere may undergo subduction during convergence of major tectonic plates is still poorly investigated. We addressed this issue using ambient noise tomography of the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan (Central Asia). Our S-wave velocity model reveals a flat-lying high-velocity anomaly beneath the Tarim Basin in the 45–60 km depth range, consistent with intrusion of mafic rocks at the base of the lower crust above a depleted lithospheric mantle, as expected after interaction of the lithosphere with a mantle plume. This high-velocity anomaly can be followed northward, steeply dipping (∼45°) beneath the Tianshan, which indicates that the Tarim craton-like lithosphere was subducted to mantle depths. It is connected with a fast P-wavespeed anomaly in the upper mantle, interpreted as a relict of the South Tianshan Ocean. A long period of tectonic quiescence, after the closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and before the Cenozoic tectonic rejuvenation of the Tianshan, suggests a minor role of oceanic slab pull in controlling continental subduction. The major player is instead the northward push of India within the framework of Cenozoic India-Asia convergence. We conclude that forced subduction can be experienced not only by thinned continental crust but also by a strong craton-like lithosphere.
Insulin resistance based on postglucose load measure is associated with prevalence and burden of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Wang Suying , Jing Jing , Yang Yingying , Cai Xueli , Meng Xia , Mei Lerong , Lin Jinxi , Li Shan , Li Hao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is highly prevalent and results in irreversible cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life. Previous studies reported controversial associations between insulin resistance and cSVD. Here, we estimated the association between insulin resistance and cSVD in non-diabetic communities in southeastern China.Research design and methodsThe Polyvascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events study (NCT03178448) recruited 3067 community-dwelling adults. We estimated the association of insulin resistance, assessed by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI0,120) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) based on the standard oral glucose tolerance test, with cSVD in those without a history of diabetes mellitus. cSVD was measured for both main neuroimaging manifestations of cSVD and total SVD burden scores.ResultsA total of 2752 subjects were enrolled. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the first quartile of ISI0,120was found to be potentially associated with an increased risk of lacunes (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.36), severe age-related white matter changes (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.38), and higher total SVD burden (4-point scale: common OR (cOR) 1.34, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.72; 6-point scale: cOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.80). The associations between HOMA-IR and lacunes (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.25) and the 4-point scale of total SVD burden (cOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.70) were also significant after adjustment for age, gender, medical history, and medications. However, the associations were not statistically significant after further adjustment for blood pressure/hypertension and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsA potential association was found between insulin resistance and cSVD, and the ISI0,120index presented a greater association with increased risk of cSVD as compared with the HOMA-IR. However, these associations were greatly influenced by blood pressure and BMI.
Effect of progressive resistance training with weight loss compared with weight loss alone on the fatty liver index in older adults with type 2 diabetes: secondary analysis of a 12-month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Freer Christine L , George Elena S , Tan Sze-Yen , Abbott Gavin , Dunstan David W , Daly Robin M 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent (~75%) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since exercise and weight loss (WL) are recommended for the management of both NAFLD and T2D, this study examined whether progressive resistance training (PRT) plus WL could lead to greater improvements in the fatty liver index (FLI), an indicator of NAFLD, compared with WL alone in older adults with T2D.Research design and methodsThis study represents a secondary analysis of a 12-month, two-arm randomised controlled trial including 36 overweight and obese adults (60–80 years) with T2D randomly allocated to supervised PRT plus WL (hypocaloric diet) (n=19) or WL plus sham (stretching) (n=17) for 6 months (phase I), followed by 6-months home-based training with ad libitum diet (phase II). FLI, which is an algorithm based on waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase, was assessed at baseline and every 3 months. Linear mixed models were used to analyse between-group differences over time, adjusting for baseline values.ResultsAt baseline, the mean±SD FLI was 76.6±18.5 and the likelihood of NAFLD (FLI >60) in all participants was 86%. Following phase I, both groups had similar statistically significant improvements in FLI (mean change (95% CI): PRT+WL, −12 (−20 to –4); WL, −9 (−15 to –4)), with no significant between-group difference. After the subsequent 6-month home-based phase, the improvements in FLI tended to persist in both groups (PRT+WL, −7 (−11 to –2); WL, −4 (−10 to 1)), with no between-group differences.ConclusionsIn older overweight adults with T2D, PRT did not enhance the benefits of WL on FLI, a predictor of NAFLD.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000640707.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program
Authors: Yeung Kar-Fu , Lee Yu Qi , Chong Mary Foong Fong , Gandhi Mihir , Lam Amanda Yun Rui , Julianty Selly , Tan Gilbert Choon Seng , Ho Emily Tse Lin , Goh Su-Yen , Tan Gavin Siew Wei , Shum Eugene Jin Wen , Finkelstein Eric A , Jafar Tazeen H , van Dam Rob M , Teoh Yee Leong , Thumboo Julian , Bee Yong Mong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program is a diabetes prevention trial comparing the diabetes conversion rate at 3 years between the intervention group, which receives the incentivized lifestyle intervention program with stepwise addition of metformin, and the control group, which receives the standard of care. We describe the baseline characteristics and compare Pre-DICTED participants with other diabetes prevention trials cohort.Research design and methodsParticipants were aged between 21 and 64 years, overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥23.0 kg/m2), and had pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)).ResultsA total of 751 participants (53.1% women) were randomized. At baseline, mean (SD) age was 52.5 (8.5) years and mean BMI (SD) was 29.0 (4.6) kg/m2. Twenty-three per cent had both IFG and IGT, 63.9% had isolated IGT, and 13.3% had isolated IFG. Ethnic Asian Indian participants were more likely to report a family history of diabetes and had a higher waist circumference, compared with Chinese and Malay participants. Women were less likely than men to meet the physical activity recommendations (≥150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week), and dietary intake varied with both sex and ethnicity. Compared with other Asian diabetes prevention studies, the Pre-DICTED cohort had a higher mean age and BMI.ConclusionThe Pre-DICTED cohort represents subjects at high risk of diabetes conversion. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based incentivized lifestyle intervention program in an urban Asian context.