bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthropod Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 21, 1980, 18 in apart on 2.5 ft wide by 8 in high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized blocks design. Treatments were applied to runoff using a 2.5 gal hand held stainless steel sprayer with a single adjustable cone nozzle. On May 8 the number of Glover’s mites and green peach aphids on the undersides of the third leaf from the top of the largest lateral of 5 plants per plot were counted. On Jun 12, the number of twospotted spider mites and green peach aphids were counted on the undersides of the third leaf from the top of the youngest lateral of 5 plants/plot. Counts were completed by brushing the leaves in a leaf brushing machine and counting the number of individuals trapped on 1/10 of the detergent-coated glass plate. Counts were adjusted to a per leaf basis. The number of holes and windows in these same leaves produced by cabbage looper larvae were also counted. On the same date, the total number of leafmines of the vegetable leafminer were counted on the second leaf from the bottom of 5 plants. Plots were harvested Jun 6, 13, 20, 22, 24 and 26 and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and fruit damaged by cabbage looper larvae determined.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Head Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station, with a soil type of Laveen Clay Loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed, Aug 22, 1979, 2 seed rows per 40 inch bed, using a sled type planter. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Average daily temperatures at this time were maximum - 101°F, minimum - 72.5°F. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 24 and 25, after which they were cultivated, side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. Plots were 4 beds wide, 13.3 ft by 30 ft long. A complete randomized block design was used, with all treatments replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a 2 gallon CO2 pressurized, bak-pak hand sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom operating at 55 psi. A single hollow cone nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small. As plants increased in size, 2 hollow cone nozzles were used for each plant row. Egg and larval counts were made at approximately weekly intervals beginning on Sep 25 from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Ten plants at random were examined for eggs and larvae. Yield data were obtained from the middle 2 beds of each plot (4 plant rows). Total number of plants in 2 beds was recorded and the mature heads were graded according to #l 1/2, #2 and #2 1/2 sized heads. These numbers indicate the number of heads that are packed in a standard lettuce shipping carton.
Black Cutworm Control in Onions
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was initiated on 43 day old plants seeded Apr 18 in Orange County NY organic muck soil. Plots consisted of single 40 ft rows with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized knap-sack sprayer operated at 37 psi delivering 60 gpa through a single Teejet nozzle directed at the plant base to insure soil wetting. The bait treatment was applied in a 3 inch band over the plants, through a cone seeder mounted on a Planet-Jr frame. Applications were made on May 30, Jun 6 and 11 and terminated when no new damage was evident. Cut plants were counted prior to each application and eliminated; % damage was computed from the original stand count.
Trickle Irrigation System Injected Insecticides to Control European Corn Borer, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Lady Bell’ peppers were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on Jun 3. Plots were double rows on mulched, trickle-irrigated, elevated beds 5 ft wide and 100 ft long. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The trickle irrigation system consisted of an electric pump (25 gal/min) with sand filter, 2 in main hose (15 psi), #3 feeder hose (10 psi), and 1/2 in bi-wall, slow-drip hose under the mulch. Systemic insecticides were injected into the 1/2 in bi-wall hose using a 5 gal, CO2-pressurized tank at 60 psi on Jun 12, Jul 15, Aug 4 and Sep 1. Orthene was applied as a foliar treatment with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with drop nozzles on either side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 250 psi; sprays commenced Jul 14 on a weekly schedule until Sep 10. On each harvest date, 100 peppers were randomly selected from each plot and dissected to determine percent borer infestation.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet and Hot Pepper Varieties, 1980
Authors: Henne R. C. , Simonet Donald E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pregerminated seed of 4 varieties of peppers (sweet cherry, sweet banana, hot cherry and Hungarian hot wax) were fluid-drilled on May 2, at Napoleon, OH. The experimental design was a split-plot with insecticidal treatments as main plots and pepper varieties as sub-plots. Plots 22-ft long were comprised of 2 rows of each variety, using a 30-in row spacing. Treatments, replicated 4 times, were initiated Jul 24; continued Aug 4, 16, 22, 29; and terminated on Sep 5. Applications were made with a tractor mounted boom sprayer delivering 83 gal/acre at 300 psi, using hollow cone nozzles. All fruit were removed from 1 of the 2 rows on Sep 10. The second row was used for residue sampling. Fruit were examined for worm damage and results expressed as % by number.
Potato Leafhopper Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1980
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at the Rose-mount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-in row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Potato leafhopper nymphs were counted from 35 mid-leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetles, 1980
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley T. S. , Wheeler Steven , Burrup Dave 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 15, 1980 in 26 inch rows in declo silt loam soil. Plots consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications were 14 ft by 40 ft and arranged in a complete randomized block design. Each plot was irrigated by four sprinkler heads. Plots were separated by 60 ft border zones. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inches of water was applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hour during each set. Clearing time was 20 minutes from Rep I to Rep IV. Lorsban, Imldan 50W and Sevin SL were each injected at 1 pound/ai into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hour of an 8 hour irrigation set. Injection time was 12 minutes. Pre and post application counts were made of Colorado Potato Beetles by recording total numbers of adult beetles observed in 40 ft of row.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1980
Authors: Sewell Gary H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A and B were randomized complete block design with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was sown to oats in 1979. The planting date was May 23, 1980 for all experiments. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca. 75 g each were hand planted 30.0 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rhom & Haas M45 (1121 g/ha weeks of Jun 30 through Jul 22, 1781 g/ha weeks of Jul 25 through Aug 15, and 2242 g/ha weeks of Aug 18 and 29). Soil applications of insecticide were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 9.2, 13.3 and 7.2 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 15, 18.3 and 18.3°C.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1979
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a grower’s solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field. The soil type was Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls), and the organic matter content was less than 0.5%. The test area consisted of 4 adjacent blocks of 4 different application methods: prep I ant broadcast, at-plant sidedress, seed-piece furrow, and postemergence sidedress. Each plot measured 12.2 m long and 4 rows wide (86.4-cm row spacing). On Apr 20, broadcast applications were made: granules were broadcast with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder and liquid formulations with a hand-held, 2-row sprayer with a boom consisting of 4 TeeJet (No. AL80015) nozzles. Liquid formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 0.95 litre and applied at a rate of 224.5 litres/ha at a pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2. The plots were rototilled to a depth of 10.2-15.2 cm within 1 hr after application. On Apr 24-26, potato seed pieces were planted with a 2-row planter and the at-plant sidedress and seed-piece furrow applications were made. On May 30, postemergence sidedress materials were applied 2 rows at a time with tractor-mounted Gandy and liquid applicators in a manner similar to that used with the at-plant sidedress materials. On Sep 24-26, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each replicate (from ca. 4.6 m/row). All tubers were washed and examined for wireworm feeding, and the percentages, by weight, of tubers injured and damaged were determined. “Injured” was defined as any penetration of a tuber by a wireworm and “damage” as any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. All percentages were transformed to arcsine percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (a modified split plot design in which replications were within application blocks) and Duncan’s multiple range test. Materials that were not applied with all 4 application methods were not included in the analysis.
Greenhouse Transplant Pot-Applied Insecticides to Control Colorado Potato Beetle in Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Gautier Norman L. , Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were seeded to individual 4 in. pots in the greenhouse on Apr 9 ‘80. Insecticides were applied either 4 weeks or 2 weeks before transplanting: granular treatments were applied to pots and lightly incorporated; liquid treatments were applied to pots as a drench with 10 ml of water/pot. Plants were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 19. Field plots were arranged in a split-split plot design with 4 replications: whole plots were insecticides; split plots were rates of insecticdes; and split-split plots were time of application. Split-split plots consisted of 6 plants/row, 18 in. apart on a 5 ft bed. Insect counts were recorded on Jun 20; fruit were harvested on Jul 30 and Aug 15, weighed, and examined for Colorado potato beetle scars or damage. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper Control with Foliar Sprays And Soil Applied Systematics, 1981
Authors: Cooper R. M. , Lindquist R. K. , Johnson R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cut Norchip potatoes (size B) with 20 cm spacing on 1.5 m centers were machine-planted May 18. Treatment plots were single 7.6 m long rows replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. Between each treatment row was a border row which received granular Temik (3.0 lbs ai/acre) in-furrow at planting. The border rows helped prevent movement of beetles between treatments. A 4.6 m alley separated the replicates. The soil type was silt loam with O.M. 2,3% and pH 6.5. The herbicides Eptam 7EC (4.0 lb ai/acre) and Sencor 50WP (1 lb ai/acre) were applied pre-emergence and post-emergence, respectively.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Johnson Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 40 ft long,with 40 inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jul 2. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid apterae and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Soil Treatments of Experimental Insecticides for Control of Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Poweli D. M. , Warren J. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type for this experiment was a Ritzville silt loam, Mesic Calciorthidic HaploxerolIs, with a pH of 6.2 and organic matter of 1.6%, at Yakima, Washington. The soil was prepared for planting the week of Apr 13-17. Eptam herbicide was applied over the entire experimental area. The plots were treated and planted with Russet Burbank potatoes on Apr 23. The the preplant broadcast (PPBC) treatments the insecticide granules were applied with a cyclone seeder applicator and then the granules were worked into the top 6 inches of soil with a rototiller. For the planting time furrow (PTF) treatments the insecticide granules were dribbled through a hand-held, funnel-type applicator into the open furrow over the potato seed pieces and then the seed and granules were covered with soil. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inches) wide and 10 ft long (1.72 m wide and 5.78 m long).
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 11-20 yr old apple trees at Monmouth, ME, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi at a rate of 300-350 gal/acre. The trees were sprayed on May 9 (tight cluster in Test 4 and pre-pink in Tests 1 and 2), May 28-30 (petal fall), Jun 5-12 (first cover), Jun 18-25 (second), Jul 1-9 (third), Jul 16-23 (fourth), Jul 30-Aug 7 (fifth), and Aug 12-20 (sixth); the cover spray on Aug 4 in Test 2 was repeated on Aug 10 because a 0.7 inch rain was recorded on Aug 5. Materials were applied on dates as noted in table. In Tests 1-3 the fungicide program (rates are per 100 gal) consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 6 dates. In Test 4 the fungicide program consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 7 dates, Manzate 200 80W (.75 lb) plus Benlate 50W (3 oz) on May 26 and Jun 4, and Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 19. In addition, Polyram 80W (2 lb) was tank-mixed with each insecticide at each spray in all tests. There were 7 single-tree replications/treatment in Test 1, and 4 in Tests 2-4. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 5 ‘Mcintosh’ and 2 ‘Spartan’ cultivars/treatment in Test 1; 3 ‘Mcintosh’ and 1 ‘Spartan’/treatment in Test 2; 2 ‘Red Delicious’ and 2 ‘Golden Delicious’/treatment in Test 3; and 4 ‘Mclntosh’/treatment in Test 4.
Colorado Potato Beetle, Potato Aphid, and Green Peach Aphid Control, 1981
Authors: Voss Robert H. , Gilbertson Robert L. , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on May 4 in Sunderland, Massachusetts. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.5 Premerge was applied prior to planting. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of 230 ft rows, with 3 ft fallow area between each plot. Temik and Dacamox were applied directly to the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). Foliar treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer at 50-60 psi with a delivery rate of 75 gal/acre. Foliar spray applications were made on Jun 23 and 30; Jul 15, 22, and 30. For the Temik followed by Pydrin treatment, Pydrin was applied Jul 15, 22, and 30. For the Pydrin followed by Guthion treatment, Pydrin was applied for control of first generation CPB (Jun 23 and 30), and Guthion was applied for the second generation (Jul 15 and 30). L-676,863 plus JMS stylet-oil was applied Jun 23 and Jul 15. Insect counts and yields were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. Since, with few exceptions, all treatments were shown to be significantly different from the control, the Duncan’s Test was applied to the insecticide treatments alone (without the control) to give a better indication of the relative effectiveness of the various insecticides.
Control of Lygus and Aphid on Radish Seed Crops With Temik, 1979
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Lydrin L. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Radishes grown for seed in Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic HaploxerolIs) soil at Yakima, Washington, were sidedressed Temik at the time of bolting. The granules were injected 3 inches into the soil 5 inches from the plant row on May 21. The plots were rill irrigated immediately after the application. Each of the 4 replications in the randomized complete block design consisted of a plot 12 rows wide by 50 ft long. The rows were 22- and the plants 2 inches apart. Efficacy was determined by counting the number of aphids on 25-leaf samples or in 10 sweeps/plot as were the lygus weekly from May 23 through Aug 1. Phytotoxicity was determined by counting the number of plants in 8, 5-ft row sections/plot at harvest on Aug 1. The weight and percentage germination of the seeds from these plots was also recorded.
Insecticide Evaluation to Control Colorado Potato Beetle, European Corn Borer and Tomato Fruitworm
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam on May 26. Plots were single, 25 ft long rows on 5 ft wide centers. A guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied as a sidedress with light incorporation immediately after transplanting; foliar treatments were applied on Jun 8, 20, and 30; Jul 10, 20, and 27 and Aug 13. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Colorado potato beetle counts were recorded on Jul 24; percent beetle-damaged fruit were recorded on Aug 5. Fifty tomatoes from each plot were evaluated for damaged fruit caused by tomato fruitworms and European corn borers on Aug 26. Mixed red and blush tomatoes were harvested in all plots on Aug 11, Aug 25 and Sep 17. Yields were based on total harvest.
Mole Cricket Contorl in Tomato, 1981
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants were set Mar 3, 1.5 ft apart on 30 inch wide by 8 inch high plastic mulched beds of Myakka fine sand. Insecticide was not applied but beds were fumigated with 350 lb/acre of Dowfume MC-33 prior to covering with plastic. Sand-filled screen (0.25 inch mesh) troughs (2 ft long x 6 inches x 6 inches) were buried flush lengthwise with the top of the beds in 5 ft sections of row which had not been planted. Troughs were spaced 18.5 ft apart within 3 rows spaced 4.5 ft apart. Five insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to 5 troughs of each of 2 replicates (8 S. vicinus/trough) on May 27, 2 replicates on Jun 12 (9 S. acletus/trough) and 1 replicate (3 S. acletus/trough) on Jun 24). One trough in each replicate was untreated. At the initiation of each replicate, 2 inches of soil was removed from each trough, field-collected adult mole crickets were introduced and the troughs were refilled with soil in which the insecticides had been thoroughly mixed. Screen lids were attached following treatment and troughs were covered with the plastic mulch. Five-six days later, the numbers of living and dead or moribund crickets were determined for each trough. Net percent mortality was calculated using Abbott’s formula and values were transformed by the arcsine of the square root of the %100 prior to analysis.
Lepidopterous Larval and Vegetable Leafminer Control on Fall Fresh Market Pole Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Hayashi J.T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental tomato planting (’7718VF’) was transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California south Coast Field Station, Santa Ana, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a latin square design. Replicates were 4 rows wide (7 ft centers) by 33 ft long.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1981
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 5 yr old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when the alfalfa was 24 to 30 inches tall with 25-30% of the plants showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 31 x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.6 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were made on May 28, 1981. Post-treatment samples were taken on May 31, Jun 4 and 11 and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net from each replicate.
Alfalfa, Second Cutting Insect Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was part of an established 20 acre alfalfa field. Spray of the compounds under test were applied on Jun 30 and evaluations made at 24 hr considering the high mobility of the Insects under test. The grasshoppers were ca 45% 2nd and 3rd stage differential grasshoppers, 45% 2nd to 4th stage redlegged grasshopper and 10% other grasshoppers species. Finished sprays were applied to 0.25 acre plots at 12 gpa and 40 psi. Materials were applie with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PT0 roller pump. Temperature at time of treatment was 82°F and alfalfa was ca 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 swee|i samples per plot.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1981
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN, on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied Jul 16 to 2nd year alfalfa in 54 x 50 ft (0.05 acre) plots in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure. Insect populations were sampled Jul 19 with a 15 inch diameter sweep net by taking 25 pendulum sweeps/plot.