bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the effects of trapped compression ratio on the heavy fuel operation of a spark ignition unmanned aerial vehicle engine
Authors: Hooper Peter 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present experimental experience of heavy fuelling of a spark ignition crankcase scavenged two-stroke cycle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engine, particularly focusing on the effects of compression ratio variation, and to cross-correlate with the results of fluid dynamic modelling of the engine and fuels used.

Design/methodology/approach
One-dimensional modelling of the engine has been conducted using WAVE software supported by experimental dynamometer testing of a spark ignition UAV engine to construct a validated computational model using gasoline and kerosene JET A-1 fuels.

Findings
The investigation into the effects of compression ratio variation via fluid dynamic simulation and experimental testing has allowed an assessment of the approach for improving heavy fuel operation of UAV engines using auxiliary transfer port fuel injection. The power level achieved with reduced compression ratio heavy fuel operation is equal to 15.35 kW at 6,500 revolutions per minute compared to 16.27 kW from the standard gasoline engine or a reduction of 5.7%.

Practical implications
The studied engine is specifically designed for UAV applications. The validation of the computational models to explore the effects of compression ratio and heavy fuel injection on the solution and cost is supported by experimental tests.

Originality/value
The application of auxiliary port fuel injection of heavy fuel and associated compression ratio optimisation offers an alternative approach to achieve the safety and logistical challenges of the single fuel policy for UAVs. The application of WAVE to simulate crankcase scavenged two-stroke cycle engines has been applied in very few cases. This study shows further exploratory work in that context.
EDU-AI: a twofold machine learning model to support classroom layout generation
Authors: Karadag Ilker , Güzelci Orkan Zeynel , Alaçam Sema 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to present a twofold machine learning (ML) model, namely, EDU-AI, and its implementation in educational buildings. The specific focus is on classroom layout design, which is investigated regarding implementation of ML in the early phases of design.

Design/methodology/approach
This study introduces the framework of the EDU-AI, which adopts generative adversarial networks (GAN) architecture and Pix2Pix method. The processes of data collection, data set preparation, training, validation and evaluation for the proposed model are presented. The ML model is trained over two coupled data sets of classroom layouts extracted from a typical school project database of the Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey and validated with foreign classroom boundaries. The generated classroom layouts are objectively evaluated through the structural similarity method (SSIM).

Findings
The implementation of EDU-AI generates classroom layouts despite the use of a small data set. Objective evaluations show that EDU-AI can provide satisfactory outputs for given classroom boundaries regardless of shape complexity (reserved for validation and newly synthesized).

Originality/value
EDU-AI specifically contributes to the automation of classroom layout generation using ML-based algorithms. EDU-AI’s two-step framework enables the generation of zoning for any given classroom boundary and furnishing for the previously generated zone. EDU-AI can also be used in the early design phase of school projects in other countries. It can be adapted to the architectural typologies involving footprint, zoning and furnishing relations.
The impact of the institutional environment of the host country on the perception of compliance risk of the international engineering contractor: the moderating effect of absorptive capacity
Authors: Liu Junying , Wang Zhixiu , Tang Jiansheng , Song Jingcong 
Published: September 2022

PurposeWhile there is a general belief that a defective institutional environment will lead to higher compliance risk, the current state of knowledge about how the institutional environment affects enterprises' compliance is equivocal. This study aims to explore how does the host country's institutional environment affect the compliance risk perception of international engineering contractors and how to mitigate this impact.Design/methodology/approachThis study empirically tests the impact of the institutional environment from the two dimensions of the institutional environment: legal completeness reflects whether the formal regulations are clear, detailed and comprehensive and legal effectiveness reflects whether rules and policies can be implemented effectively when the proper legal codes are provided. Based on 213 questionnaire data, this study uses partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and Smart PLS software to test the hypothesis.FindingsThis study finds a negative relationship between the host country's legal completeness (LC) or legal effectiveness (LE) and a contractor's compliance risk perception. Further, the results show potential absorptive capacity (PAC) and realized absorptive capacity (RAC) of a contractor are critical for mitigating the impact of low LC in the host country, but not when LE is low.Practical implicationsThe findings will be useful for international engineering contractors to respond to the compliance risk of the host country, both in choices of overseas investment locations and compliance capacity building.Originality/valueThis study reveals the impact of the host country's institutional environment on the compliance risk perception of international contractors, and provides theoretical guidance for how to alleviate the compliance barriers brought by the host country's institutional environment to international engineering contractors.
Killing the service fire: leader aggressive humour undermines hospitality employees’ proactive customer service performance
Authors: Sun Zhuanzhuan , He Yanzhen , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Ye Yijiao 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Drawing on research on organisation-based self-esteem (OBSE) and self-consistency theory, this study aims to investigate whether, how and when leader aggressive humour (LAH) impacts hospitality employees’ proactive customer service performance (PCSP).

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 294 supervisor–employee dyads from eight hotels in China participated in the survey. The data were analysed by hierarchical multiple regression and PROCESS macro in SPSS.

Findings
LAH undermines hospitality employees’ PCSP by threatening their OBSE, and this effect is significant only for highly entitled employees.

Practical implications
Organisations could improve leaders’ awareness of the dark side of aggressive humour, especially for those who supervise highly entitled employees. Organisations could also cultivate positive leader–member relationships to improve employees’ OBSE and provide training for highly entitled employees to cope with leaders’ LAH.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the LAH literature by examining its influence on hospitality employees’ PCSP and identifying the mechanism and boundary conditions underlying this effect.
Examining Islamic capital market adoption from a socio-psychological perspective and Islamic financial literacy
Authors: Yusfiarto Rizaldi , Nugraha Septy Setia , Mutmainah Lu’liyatul , Berakon Izra , Sunarsih Sunarsih , Nurdany Achmad 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the Islamic capital market adoption model, based on the construct of Islamic financial literacy (IFL), the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and past behavior (PBR) in the context of a Muslim-majority country (Indonesia).

Design/methodology/approach
To test the conceptual model, this study used data from 251 respondents with a diverse spectrum, and the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to test the forecasting of the model.

Findings
Overall, IFL and TPB dimensions (i.e. attitudes and perceived behavioral control) have a significant positive effect, either directly or indirectly, for investment intentions in the Islamic capital market. Also, the findings recommend the construct of PBR as an important predictor of investment intentions in Islamic capital markets.

Practical implications
The study can be beneficially used for Islamic financial institutions to participate with the Indonesian government in affirming IFL to broader society, not only Islamic education institutions. It is related to the significance of IFL, where it can be utilized as an indicator that education on the concept and values of Islamic finance can positively establish attitudes in society and stakeholders.

Originality/value
This study is an effort to strengthen IFL as a key construct using a good measurement scale, in the context of the Islamic capital market investment. In addition, this study also provides the necessary impetus to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of TPB and PBR, either directly or indirectly.
Theory of Islamic planned behavior: applying to investors’ Sukuk purchase intention
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to propose an Islamic model of human behavioral analysis that can explain the determinants such as Islamic moral values, internal factors (e.g. self-efficacy or reasons for and against), external factors (e.g. perceived social support or others from external sources) and empathy (EMP) (humane attitude) to predict niyyah (worshipful intention) toward actual behavior (a’mal) in question.

Design/methodology/approach
With this end in mind, this research uses the theory of Islamic entrepreneurship and behavioral reasoning theory as their theoretical foundations. To validate the model, the study uses empirical data on investors’ intention toward sukuk (Islamic bonds or Shari’ah-compliant bonds) purchase in the context of Bangladesh, where very recently the sukuk were introduced by the Central Bank.

Findings
Findings of the study indicate that Islamic values and internal factors have the highest effects on external factors and EMP, respectively. Internal factors and Islamic values have moderate and almost similar impacts on EMP. Besides, external factors and EMP have somewhat equally moderate effects on niyyah. Islamic moral values and internal factors have the least influence on internal factors and niyyah, respectively. The external factor is also found to be insignificant to influence EMP. The findings also indicate that EMP, internal control factors and external control factors have mediating effects on niyyah toward sukuk purchase.

Research limitations/implications
These results imply that the present research model successfully predicts and explains the determinants of Islamic worshipful intention toward the actual purchase of sukuk.

Practical implications
Sukuk has been an important Islamic financial instrument that has been growing much rapidly in recent times. So, this paper will help to comprehend that pattern empirically.

Social implications
Islamic finance has emerged as a dominant financial tool nowadays. This paper contributes to advance that initiative one step further in terms of social and economic development.

Originality/value
This is a conceptual paper written in the area of Islamic Finance. This model has been validated by collating primary data collected from the selected respondents residing in Bangladesh.
W-band antenna in package module with hybrid glass-compound WLFO process
Authors: Wang Gang , Xia Chenhui , Wang Bo , Zhao Xinran , Li Yang , Yang Ning 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
A W-band antennas-in-packages (AIP) module with a hybrid stacked glass-compound wafer level fan-out process was presented. Heterogeneous radio frequency (RF) chips were integrated into one single module with a microscale fan-out process. This paper aims to find a new strategy for 5G communication with 3D integration of multi-function chips.

Design/methodology/approach
The AIP module was composed of two stacked layers: the antenna layer and RF layer. After architecture design and performance simulation, the module was fabricated, The 8 × 8 antenna array was lithography patterned on the 12 inch glass wafer to reduce the parasitic parameters effect, and the signal feeding interface was fabricated on the backside of the glass substrate.

Findings
AIP module demonstrates a size of 180 mm × 180mm × 1mm, and its function covers the complete RF front-end chain from the antenna to signal to process and can be applied in 5 G communication and automotive components.

Originality/value
With three RF multi-function chips and two through silicon via (TSV) chips were embedded in the 12 inch compound wafer through the fan-out packaging process; two layers were interconnected with TSV and re-distributed layers.
The design and validation of a fast and low-cost multi-purpose electronic nose for rapid gas identification
Authors: Rouabeh Hanene , Gomri Sami , Masmoudi Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design and validate an electronic nose (E-nose) prototype using commercially available metal oxide gas sensors (MOX). This prototype has a sensor array board that integrates eight different MOX gas sensors to handle multi-purpose applications. The number of sensors can be adapted to match different requirements and classification cases. The paper presents the validation of this E-nose prototype when used to identify three gas samples, namely, alcohol, butane and cigarette smoke. At the same time, it discusses the discriminative abilities of the prototype for the identification of alcohol, acetone and a mixture of them. In this respect, the selection of the appropriate type and number of gas sensors, as well as obtaining excellent discriminative abilities with a miniaturized design and minimal computation time, are all drivers for such implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
The suggested prototype contains two main parts: hardware (low-cost components) and software (Machine Learning). An interconnection printed circuit board, a Raspberry Pi and a sensor chamber with the sensor array board make up the first part. Eight sensors were put to the test to see how effective and feasible they were for the classification task at hand, and then the bare minimum of sensors was chosen. The second part consists of machine learning algorithms designed to ensure data acquisition and processing. These algorithms include feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification. To perform the classification task, two features taken from the sensors’ transient response were used.

Findings
Results reveal that the system presents high discriminative ability. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine radial basis function based (SVM-RBF) classifiers both achieved 97.81% and 98.44% mean accuracy, respectively. These results were obtained after data dimensionality reduction using linear discriminant analysis, which is more effective in terms of discrimination power than principal component analysis. A repeated stratified K-cross validation was used to train and test five different machine learning classifiers. The classifiers were each tested on sets of data to determine their accuracy. The SVM-RBF model had high, stable and consistent accuracy over many repeats and different data splits. The total execution time for detection and identification is about 10 s.

Originality/value
Using information extracted from transient response of the sensors, the system proved to be able to accurately classify the gas types only in three out of the eight MQ-X gas sensors. The training and validation results of the SVM-RBF classifier show a good bias-variance trade-off. This proves that the two transient features are sufficiently efficient for this classification purpose. Moreover, all data processing tasks are performed by the Raspberry Pi, which shows real-time data processing with miniaturized architecture and low prices.
Camouflage in lichen moths: Field predation experiments and avian vision modelling demonstrate the importance of wing pattern elements and background for survival
Authors: Mark Cassandra J. , O'Hanlon James C. , Holwell Gregory I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background matching is perhaps the most ubiquitous form of defensive camouflage in the animal kingdom, an adaptive strategy that relies on the visual resemblance between a prey organism and its background to promote concealment from predators. The importance of background matching has been acknowledged for over a century, yet despite its renown and apparent pervasiveness, few studies exist that have objectively quantified its occurrence and tested the functional significance of background matching in a specific animal study system.

The North Island lichen moth Declana atronivea presents a fascinating system to investigate such anti‐predator coloration. This species possesses high contrast black and white forewings that appear to resemble lichen. Here we assessed the contribution of background matching to the antipredator defence of D. atronivea using field predation experiments with realistic models.

We found that D. atronivea coloration confers a significant survival advantage against native avian predators when on lichen backgrounds compared to bark backgrounds, with an intermediate level of predation occurring when models were near, but not on lichen. This suggests that D. atronivea wing patterns are an adaptation for background matching.

We subsequently used calibrated digital photography, avian vision modelling and image analysis techniques to objectively quantify the degree of background matching exhibited by D. atronivea and assessed the contribution of different visual elements (colour, luminance and pattern) to camouflage in this species. Only the pattern elements of D. atronivea presented a close match to that of the lichen backgrounds, with both chromatic and achromatic cues found to be poor predictors of background matching in this species.

This study is one of the first to integrate vision modelling, quantitative image analysis and field predation experiments using realistic models to objectively quantify the level and functional significance of background matching in a real species, and presents an ideal system for further investigating the interrelation between multiple mechanisms of camouflage.
How Emerging Telehealth Models Challenge Policymaking
Authors: TANG MITCHELL , CHERNEW MICHAEL E. , MEHROTRA ATEEV 
Published: September 2022

Policy Points
Current telehealth policy discussions are focused on synchronous video and audio telehealth visits delivered by traditional providers and have neglected the growing number of alternative telehealth offerings.
These alternative telehealth offerings range from simply supporting traditional brick‐and‐mortar providers to telehealth‐only companies that directly compete with them.
We describe policy challenges across this range of alternative telehealth offerings in terms of using the appropriate payment model, determining the payment amount, and ensuring the quality of care.
Emotional responses to taste and smell stimuli: Self‐reports, physiological measures, and a potential role for individual and genetic factors
Authors: Mastinu Mariano , Melis Melania , Yousaf Neeta Y. , Barbarossa Iole Tomassini , Tepper Beverly J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTaste and olfaction elicit conscious feelings by direct connection with the neural circuits of emotions that affects physiological responses in the body (e.g., heart rate and skin conductance). While sensory attributes are strong determinants of food liking, other factors such as emotional reactions to foods may be better predictors of consumer choices even for products that are equally‐liked. Thus, important insights can be gained for understanding the full spectrum of emotional reactions to foods that inform the activities of product developers and marketers, eating psychologist and nutritionists, and policy makers. Today, self‐reported questionnaires and physiological measures are the most common tools applied to study variations in emotional perception. The present review discusses these methodological approaches, underlining their different strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss a small, emerging literature suggesting that individual differences and genetic variations in taste and smell perception, like the genetic ability to perceive the bitter compound PROP, may also play a role in emotional reactions to aromas and foods.
Assessing Future Water Allocation under Climate Variability and Land Management Change in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Phung Quang A. , Thompson Allen L. , Baffaut Claire , Costello Christine , John Sadler E. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTClimate change and population growth are increasing demand for water, causing water shortages across the United States. Decision makers need to understand the impact of climate on water allocation, particularly for watersheds with agricultural activity. The Missouri Salt River Basin (SRB) was selected for this study due to its soil characteristics, agriculturally dominated land use, and because it contains a major reservoir, Mark Twain Lake (MTL), which is the regional source of drinking water. The goal was to evaluate future water allocation in the SRB given projections of future climate and changing land management practices. Future climate data were input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, from which discharge outputs to MTL were entered in the Water Evaluation and Planning model to evaluate 2020–2059 crop and drinking water shortages. Water allocation strategies identified potential conflicts among users through scenario‐based approaches. The difference between water demand and supply was projected to increase by 100% because of climate change, from 3 to 6 million m3. Under a dramatic scenario, where irrigated land quadrupled, water shortage could be up to 38.5 million m3 (1,200% increase). Water withdrawals from the MTL may help alleviate part of the projected shortage; however, on‐farm pond storage would likely be more practical and cost‐effective. Overall, the paper provides a methodology for water allocation strategy.