bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Amalya Nadina Shofaa , Ma’rifatulloh Sayid 
Published: July 2022

Speaking is a daily activity that must be done but sometimes people take it for granted. In university level, as the semester gets higher, the difficulty of learning these skills also increases. Speaking skills lectures have been taught periodically and scheduled, but the circumstances in the classroom show that the students appear to be less participatory in speaking. Based on observations and brief conversation with some students, it can be concluded that students actually like speaking lectures but students are often afraid to point out mistakes in speaking due to lack of confident, willpower, and motivation. While motivation is an important component that cannot be separated in the teaching and learning process, especially in foreign language learning. The researcher use quantitative method. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a positive and significant correlation between students’ motivation towards students’ speaking ability. The correlation index between X variable and Y variable is 0.348. It means that it has weak correlation. From the calculation of both variable above and indicated to the table of interpretation of rxy above, itsinterpretation that in both of variables has correlation. It meansthat both of variables have positive correlation (one wayscorrelation).
Keywords: Correlation, Motivation Speaking
Coordinated innate and T-cell immune responses in mild COVID-19 patients from household contacts of COVID-19 cases during the first pandemic wave
Authors: Aiello Alessandra , Grossi Adriano , Meschi Silvia , Meledandri Marcello , Vanini Valentina , Petrone Linda , Casetti Rita , Cuzzi Gilda , Salmi Andrea , Altera Anna Maria , Pierelli Luca , Gualano Gina , Ascoli Bartoli Tommaso , Castilletti Concetta , Agrati Chiara , Girardi Enrico , Palmieri Fabrizio , Nicastri Emanuele , Di Rosa Enrico , Goletti Delia 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo better define the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, the present study aims to characterize the early immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in household contacts of COVID-19 cases. In particular, innate, T- and B-cell specific responses were evaluated over time.MethodsHousehold contacts of COVID-19 cases screened for SARS−CoV−2 infection by nasopharyngeal swab for surveillance purposes were enrolled (T0, n=42). Of these, 28 subjects returned for a follow-up test (T1). The innate response was assessed by detecting a panel of soluble factors by multiplex-technology in plasma samples. Cell-mediated response was evaluated by measuring interferon (IFN)-γ levels by ELISA in plasma harvested from whole-blood stimulated with SARS−CoV−2 peptide pools, including spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins. The serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD), anti-Nucleocapsid (N), whole virus indirect immunofluorescence, and neutralizing antibodies.ResultsAt T0, higher levels of plasmatic IFN-α, IL-1ra, MCP-1 and IP-10, and lower levels of IL-1β, IL-9, MIP-1β and RANTES were observed in subjects with positive swab compared to individuals with a negative one (p&lt;0.05). Plasmatic IFN-α was the only cytokine detectable in subjects with positive SARS-CoV-2 swabs with high accuracy for swab score positivity (0.93, p&lt;0.0001). Among subjects with positive swabs, significant negative correlations were found among the RT-PCR cycle threshold values reported for genes S and N and IFN-α or IP-10 levels. At T0, the IFN-γ T-cell specific response was detected in 50% (5/10) of subjects with positive swab, while anti-RBD/anti-N antibodies showed a positivity rate of 10% (1/10). At T1, the IFN-γ T-cell specific response was detected in most of the confirmed-infection subjects (77.8%, 7/9), whereas the serological response was still observed in a minority of them (44.4%, 4/9). Overall, the swab test showed a moderate concordance with the T-cell response (78.6%, k=0.467), and a scarce concordance with the serological one (72.9%, k=0.194).ConclusionsPlasmatic IFN-α and the IFN-γ T-cell specific response appear early even in the absence of seroconversion, and show a greater positivity rate than the serological response in household contacts with positive swab.
Belimumab in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of available data
Authors: Chen Feng , Zheng Ying , Chen Xinying , Wen Zhanfa , Xu Youjia , Yang Jinghua , Xu Kaisi 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionChildhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a complex multisystem autoimmune disease. In 2019, belimumab was approved for the clinical treatment for cSLE, making it the only biological agent approved for cSLE children aged 5 and older in 60 years.ObjectiveTo review emerging evidence on belimumab in cSLE published up to April 2022, so as to provide information for clinical decision-making.MethodA comprehensive search of relevant publications up to the date of April 2022 in PUBMED, EMBASE, WOS, COCHRANE, ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI and WANFANG was performed using the following criteria: (a) English and Chinese language studies; (b) RCT studies, cohort studies, or case-control studies; (c) patients with age &lt;18; (d) Observational studies or case series studies contain more than 5 patients. All relevant literature was independently screened and reviewed by at least two reviewers and the obtained literature data were extracted and reviewed by two authors.ResultsFive publications met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for cSLE: one randomized controlled trial, one retrospective cohort study, and three case series. There was a high degree of heterogeneity among several studies, and the availability of baseline and outcome data provided was uneven.ConclusionAt present, there is a lack of high-quality clinical trials of belimumab in the treatment of cSLE. Based on the current research, it is believed that the use of belimumab can inhibit cSLE activity, reduce the dose of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and delay kidney damage. Also it shows clinical benefit in alleviating symptoms of monogenic cSLE refractory to standard therapy. More studies are urgently needed to validate the clinical efficacy of belimumab in cSLE and to evaluate its long-term safety in pediatric populations to promote evidence-based practice.
Integrated Study of New Faunal Assemblages Dominated by Gastropods at Three Vent Fields Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Diversity, Structure, Composition and Trophic Interactions
Authors: Sarrazin Jozée , Cathalot Cécile , Laes Agathe , Marticorena Julien , Michel Loïc N. , Matabos Marjolaine 
Published: July 2022

To date, two main vent faunal assemblages have been described on active sulfide edifices along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (nMAR): one dominated by bathymodiolin mussels in low temperature areas and the other dominated by alvinocaridid shrimp in warmer habitats. In this study, we describe the ecology of new types of assemblage, dominated by gastropods, that are recurrent in several nMAR vent fields, from ~830 m to 3500 m depth. We assessed and compared the composition, abundance, diversity and trophic niche of these assemblages from three vent fields (Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike and Snake Pit) and characterized their habitats in terms of key environmental conditions. These assemblages, first seen during the Momarsat cruise in 2012 at the Lucky Strike vent field, were investigated during several subsequent cruises. They appear to be widespread along the nMAR, forming two distinct assemblages, one dominated by Lepetodrilus atlanticusat the shallowest vent field Menez Gwen, and the other by Peltospira smaragdina at the other investigated fields. Our data seem to indicate that these gastropods dominate an intermediate habitat at MAR vents and may play an important ecological role in these communities.
Weight change and fracture risk in patients with diabetic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Chang Seong , Choi Hong Sang , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Kim Bongseong , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Soo Wan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe increased risk of fracture has been associated with weight loss in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between weight changes over time and fracture risk in patients with diabetic kidney disease is still unknown.MethodsA total number of 78,922 patients with diabetic kidney disease, aged ≥ 40 years, were selected using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, between 2009 and 2012. They were followed up until the end of 2018. Weight change was defined as the difference in body weight from the index year to 2 years later. Weight changes were then divided into five categories, ranging from weight loss of ≥10% to weight gain of ≥10%.ResultsFractures were identified in 9,847 patients with diabetic kidney disease, over a median follow-up of 5.2 years. The risk of composite fracture of the vertebral, hip, or other sites increased as the weight change increased. Specifically, patients with ≥10% weight loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.286; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.184–1.398) and ≥10% weight gain (HR, 1.198; 95% CI, 1.080–1.330) showed a higher HR compared to those with ≤ 5% weight change after adjusting for several confounding factors. Higher HR of vertebral and hip fractures was also seen with increased weight loss or gain. In particular, patients with ≥10% weight loss showed the highest HR for hip fractures (HR, 1.738; 95% CI, 1.489–2.028).ConclusionsBoth weight loss and weight gain increase the risk of fracture in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, patients with diabetic kidney disease who experience weight changes should be made aware of the risk of fracture.
Prognostic value of the controlling nutritional status score in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Chen Qiuni , Chen Kankan , Wang Sumei , Zhang Lijuan , Shi Yuye , Tao Shandong , He Zhengmei , Wang Chunling , Yu Liang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous spectrum of clonal hematopoietic disorders with varying degrees of cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, an easy-to-use tool for assessing the nutritional status, was reported as an independent prognostic factor in cancer patients. However, its role in patients with MDS is unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the impact of CONUT score on the prognosis of patients with MDS, which is of great significance for clinical treatment.MethodsA total of 121 patients with MDS were analyzed. The CONUT score was calculated prior to therapy. The bio-informatics tool X-tile was used to define the CONUT score and the threshold of 4 points was determined to predict the prognosis. Patients were divided into CONUTlow and CONUThigh groups, and the characteristics were compared between two groups.ResultsResults show that CONUTlow was associated with better overall survival (OS) than CONUThigh patients (Median OS, 30.20 vs. 19.63 months, p = 0.0003). However, there were no statistical differences in progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups (p = 0.2683). Results of univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard analysis adjusted for bone marrow blasts level, platelet count, International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores, gender, and hemoglobin (Hb) level showed that the CONUT score was useful in the evaluation standard of OS of MDS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.297, 95% CI 1.441–3.663, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe CONUT, as a novel immuno-nutritional biomarker, may be useful in predicting the OS of MDS.
Production and Optimization of Conjugated Linoleic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids by Bifidobacterium lactis in Cold-Pressed Soybean Cake
Authors: Azari Samin Rafi , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Mousavi Zeinab E. , Kiani Hossein , Jalali Sayed Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeIn regard to the biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by some bacteria, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on soybean pressed cake (SPC) to produce CLA and EPA by Bifidobacterium lactis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on SPC to produce CLA and EPA by B. lactis.MethodsProcess conditions including humidity, inoculation level, and temperature parameters were optimized by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM) method (response surface method) and the design expert software. Accordingly, a homogeneous SPC paste substrate at 60, 70, and 80% humidity was prepared with different inoculation levels at 30, 37, and 44°C to assess the strain behavior. The introduced SPC consisted of 60% humidity, 2% inoculation level at 37°C, and 60% humidity, and 4% inoculation level at 30 and 44°C; it also included 6% inoculation level at 37°C, 70% humidity at 2% inoculation level, at 30 and 44°C, and 4% inoculation level at 37°C. Also, SPC with 80% humidity at 2% and 4% inoculation levels, and at 30 and 44°C was obtained. To confirm the accuracy of the conditions, an experiment was conducted according to the defined requirements.ResultsThe results were compared with the predicted data, which showed a significant difference. Under optimized conditions, with an inoculation level of 4% on the SPC medium with 70% humidity and at 37°C, B. lactis strains could yield 9cis-, 11 trans-linoleic and eicosapentaenoic at 0.18 and 0.39% of the total fatty acids.ConclusionSo, the potential benefits of using SPC as an inexpensive substrate for the commercial production of CLA and EPA should be noted.
School nurses’ experiences of health-promoting work to prevent stress in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Persson Louise , Rahr Charlotta , Garmy Pernilla , Einberg Eva-Lena 
Published: July 2022

AimTo investigate school nurses’ experiences of health-promoting work to prevent stress in Swedish adolescents.Materials and methodsSwedish school nurses (n = 225) responded to a web survey with open-ended questions. The results were subjected to a qualitative content analysis.ResultsSix categories were identified from the analysis: (1) Knowledge of body and soul, (2) Identifying stress and ill health, (3) Collaborative working within/outside school, (4) Make yourself (i.e., school nurses) visible to the students, (5) Support students’ learning, and (6) Tools for stress management. One of the most important themes in preventing and counteracting stress in school-aged children and adolescents was promoting healthy living habits. That school nurses were easily accessible and visible were important for them to identify stress as early as possible. The close collaboration with the school health care team and building relationships with the students were emphasized. The stress in adolescents was largely linked to schoolwork and performance anxiety. To counteract this, the dialogue with the teachers was important to increase their knowledge of mental health problems and stress and influence the scheduling of school exams.ConclusionThe study contributes to increased knowledge in the field and provides concrete strategies for how school nurses can work to counteract stress in students.
Shared and distinct patterns of dynamical degree centrality in bipolar disorder across different mood states
Authors: Sun Fuping , Liu Zhening , Yang Jun , Fan Zebin , Xi Chang , Cheng Peng , He Zhong , Yang Jie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have probed the brain static activity pattern in bipolar disorder across different states. However, human intrinsic brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. There is a lack of knowledge about the brain dynamical pattern in bipolar disorder across different mood states.MethodsThis study used the dynamical degree centrality (dDC) to investigate the resting-state whole-brain dynamical pattern voxel-wise in a total of 62 bipolar disorder [28 bipolar depression (BD), 13 bipolar mania (BM), 21 bipolar euthymia (BE)], and 30 healthy controls (HCs). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to explore the omnibus differences of the dDC pattern across all groups, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the dDC variability in detected regions with clinical symptom severity.ResultsOne-way ANOVA analysis showed the omnibus differences in the left inferior parietal lobule/middle occipital gyrus (IPL/MOG) and right precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCUN/PCC) across all groups. The post hoc analysis revealed that BD showed decreased dDC in the IPL/MOG compared with all other groups, and both BD and BM exhibited decreased dDC in the PCUN/PCC compared with BE and HCs. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the dDC variability of the IPL/MOG and PCUN/PCC negatively correlated with the depression symptom levels in all patients with bipolar disorder.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the distinct and shared brain dynamical pattern of the depressive, manic, and euthymia states. Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder across different mood states from the dynamical brain network pattern perspective.
Factors and optimizations of healthcare workers' perception in alternative care facilities
Authors: Wang Hao , Luo Peng , Wu Yimeng , Zeng Xianqi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDiverse measures have been carried out worldwide to establish Alternative Care Facilities (ACFs) for different ends, such as receiving, curing or isolating patients, aiming to cope with tremendous shock in the urban medical system during the early passage of the COVID-19 epidemic. Healthcare workers always felt anxious and stressed during multiple major public health emergencies in medical facilities. Some active measures to improve healthcare workers' perceptions, such as temporary training, workflow improvement, and supplementary facilities, were proved insufficient in several past public health emergencies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the contributing factors of the healthcare workers' perceptions of the ACFs in this pandemic, which can help find an innovative path to ensure their health, well-being and work efficiency.MethodThis paper conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with the world's first batch of healthcare workers who have worked in ACFs through a qualitative study based on Grounded Theory. The healthcare workers interviewed from Heilongjiang, Shandong, Fujian, and Hubei provinces, have worked in one of the four different ACFs built in Wuhan. The results are obtained through the three-level codes and analyses of the interview recordings.ResultsThe factors affecting the perception of healthcare workers in ACFs during the epidemic situation can be summarized into five major categories: individual characteristics, organization management, facilities and equipment, space design, and internal environment. The five major categories affecting the composition of perception can be further divided into endogenous and exogenous factors, which jointly affect the perception of healthcare workers in ACFs. Among them, individual characteristics belong to endogenous factors, which are the primary conditions, while other categories belong to exogenous factors, which are the decisive conditions.ConclusionThis paper clarifies factors affecting the perception of healthcare workers in ACFs and analyzes the mechanism of each factor. It is posited that the passive strategies are a promising solution to protect healthcare workers' health, improve their work efficiency, and help reduce the operation stress of ACFs. We should train multidisciplinary professionals for future healthcare and enhance collaborations between healthcare workers and engineers. To sum up, this paper broadens new horizons for future research on the optimization of ACFs and finds new paths for alleviating healthcare workers' adverse perceptions of ACFs.
Incubation period of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infections by age, gender, and epidemic periods
Authors: Achangwa Chiara , Park Huikyung , Ryu Sukhyun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe incubation period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is estimated to vary by demographic factors and the COVID-19 epidemic periods.ObjectiveThis study examined the incubation period of the wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infections by the different age groups, gender, and epidemic periods in South Korea.MethodsWe collected COVID-19 patient data from the Korean public health authorities and estimated the incubation period by fitting three different distributions, including log-normal, gamma, and Weibull distributions, after stratification by gender and age groups. To identify any temporal impact on the incubation period, we divided the study period into two different epidemic periods (Period-1: 19 January−19 April 2020 and Period-2: 20 April−16 October 2020), and assessed for any differences.ResultsWe identified the log-normal as the best-fit model. The estimated median incubation period was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.9–4.9) days, and the 95th percentile was 11.7 (95% CI: 10.2–12.2) days. We found that the incubation period did not differ significantly between males and females (p = 0.42), age groups (p = 0.60), and the two different epidemic periods (p = 0.77).ConclusionsThe incubation period of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020, in South Korea, does not likely differ by age group, gender and epidemic period.