bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Drug Resistance Reduction via Co-treatment with Oxaliplatin
and Nitazoxanide: Targeting the ABC Transporters
Authors: Hemmati-Dinarvand Mohsen , Mokhtari Hossein , Alipourfard Iraj , Beyrami Aghbash Elham , Kheirandish Shahnaz , Khodadadian Ali , Seghatoleslam Atefeh 
Published: August 2022

Object(s):
Shortly after cancer is diagnosed, a phenomenon develops in cancer
cells called multidrug resistance (MDR), in which cell sensitivity against anti-cancer drugs
is significantly reduced. The present investigation aimed to assess the effects of nitazoxanide
(NTZ), a safe drug, on LS174T/OXP-resistant cells.

Methods:
In the current in vitro research, the effects of NTZ and oxaliplatin (OXP) on the
viability of LS174T and LS174T/OXP cell lines were evaluated through MTT assay. Then,
the changes in expression levels of MDR1, MRP1, BCRP, and LRP genes and proteins
were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting methods, respectively. Lastly, the
apoptosis status was assessed by annexin V–FITC/PI staining flow cytometry assay.

Results:
The IC50 values for cells resistant or sensitive to OXP were revealed (11567 nM
vs. 1745 nM; p <0.05 for 24 h incubation, and 5161 nM vs. 882.2 nM; p <0.05 for 48 h
incubation). Moreover, NTZ plus OXP led to a leftward shift in the cytotoxicity curve (2004
nM; p = 0.007). This co-treatment significantly decreased the expression of all genes and
proteins (p <0.05). Finally, the combination of NTZ and OXP induced a significant increase
in apoptosis (p <0.001).

Conclusion:
The data showed that NTZ treatment could increase the sensitivity of
LS174T/OXP cell line to the OXP cytotoxic effects. Thus, NTZ may be efficient in reducing
drug resistance in clinics by means of the negative regulation of ATP-binding cassette
(ABC) transporters. However, further studies are necessary to explain the exact mechanisms
of NTZ.
Formulation Development and Assessment of Solid Dispersion and
Hydrotropy for BCS Class II Drug Solubility Enhancement
Authors: Bajwa Neha , Singh Mela , Naryal Srishti , Mahal Shipra , Mehta Sumit , Madan Jitender , Baldi Ashish 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different hydrophilic polymers to increase
Arteether's water solubility.

Background:
Arteether is classified as a class II biopharmaceutical in the Biopharmaceutical Classification
System (BCS), with low water solubility (17 g/mL) and dissolution rate, resulting in poor bioavailability.

Objective:
The goal of this research is to improve the water solubility of Arteether (ART) by using a solid
dispersion and hydrotropic approach with a variety of carriers, such as PEG-6000 PVP K-30, Poloxamer-
188, Poloxamer-407, HPMC E 15LV, HPMC K-100M, sucrose, and mannitol, sodium benzoate, sodium
citrate, Urea, nicotinamide, and beta-cyclodextrin.

Methods:
Melting and evaporation methods were used to make the solid dispersion. Instrumental examinations,
including XRD, DSC, FTIR, and SEM, confirmed any physical changes caused by the interaction
of ART and carriers.

Results:
The most significant increase in water solubility of Arteether was discovered with CD:
PEG600:Pol -407, and the highest enhancement in solubility was 67 times. While 37.34 times and 49
times increase in solubility was observed at 1:4.3:3.7 weight ratio of AE: PEG-6000:Poloxamer-407 40
percent mix of nicotinamide, respectively. The in vitro results show that ART's dissolution rate in the
solid dispersion system was dramatically reduced compared to pure drug. This might be because of the
drug's enhanced wettability, dispersion ability, and transition from crystalline to amorphous form. Compared
to the ART itself, the permeability of Arteether from solid dispersion was increased up to 7 times.
However, the permeability of solid cyclodextrin dispersion was extremely low, just 4.42 times. This may
be due to the drug encapsulation in the cyclodextrin cavity.

Conclusion:
This research successfully developed and optimized various polymer and solubility enhancement
approaches for Arteether, resulting in increased water solubility, which may improve Arteether's
oral bioavailability. The findings of this study might be utilized to develop an oral dosage of
Arteether with enhanced bioavailability.
Various Analytical Methods for Estimation of Potassium Sorbate in Food Products: A Review
Authors: Salwan Sushant , Passi Indu , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Food preservatives are used to keep bacteria, moulds, fungus, and yeast from spoiling food.
Food additives are subject to strict rules (particularly in the European Union - EU), which consider the
food to which they can be applied, maximum permissible quantities, chemical characterization, and
purity. Sorbic acid, mainly potassium sorbate, is primarily utilised in a variety of commercially available
foods. Various analytical strategies for an asynchronous and simultaneous estimation of potassium
sorbate have been reported along with other preservatives in marketed formulations or food products. The
Square-wave voltammetry using a cathodically prepared boron-doped diamond electrode, quick UHPLCfluorescent
method, UV spectrophotometry, UHPLC-UV analysis, RP-HPLC, and mass spectrometry are
some of the analytical techniques used. We have compiled various analytical methods to detect potassium
sorbate with various other preservatives simultaneously or alone in marketed formulation. The authors
feel that the studies summarised in this report will allow readers to choose the most acceptable and
appropriate method for analysing this preservative.
Formulation Development and Optimization of Rosuvastatin Loaded
Nanosuspension for Enhancing Dissolution Rate
Authors: Kaushik Deepak , Rani Asha , Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Bhatt Shailendra , Kumar Manish , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Pandey Parijat 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Nanotechnology has been considered an auspicious approach over the last
twenty years and numerous researchers are making efforts to extend its applications in pharmaceuticals. Recently, various nano-based drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulgel, nanosuspension, and nanoemulsion, have been developed to deliver varieties of hydrophobics to target
sites. Rosuvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. The application of rosuvastatin is compromised because of its poor aqueous solubility
and low oral bioavailability.

Objective:
This research work aimed to develop and characterize nanosuspension formulation for enhancement of the dissolution rate of rosuvastatin.

Methods:
Nanosuspension of rosuvastatin was prepared by using PVP K-30 and tween 80 as a stabiliser via the high-pressure homogenization method. The nanosuspension formulation was optimised by
a factorial design to determine the effect of PVP K-30 (A), the concentration of tween 80 (B) and the
number of the cycle (C) of high-pressure homogenizer on particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (Y2)
and zeta potential (Y3) of the developed formulation. The optimised nanosuspension formulation of
rosuvastatin was assessed for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, pH, % encapsulation efficiency of the
drug, solubility study and comparative in vitro dissolution study. The optimised formulation passed
the stability studies in terms of physical stability (sedimentation) for three months.

Results:
Results: The optimised formulation resulted in 92.79 nm of particle size with a 0.201 polydispersity index. The nanosuspension of rosuvastatin showed higher dissolution rate as compared to the pure drug.

Conclusion:
This investigation demonstrated that nanosuspension preparation could be a promising
approach for improvement of the dissolution rate of BCS II class drugs
Challenges Faced by Parents of youth Abusing Substances in Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Sebolaisi Hlahla Lina , Maria Mothiba Tebogo 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Once the youth is abusing substances or is diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder, the parents have to rearrange their lives. They do their best to adjust to the new normal of taking care of a substance abuser in the house. Some parents manage taking care of their youth abusing substances well, while others fail because of the challenges they face taking care of their youth abusing substances. This process has become a significant burden whereby the parents need assistance.

Methods:
A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual design was used to explore the challenges faced by parents of youth abusing substances. Non-probability, homogeneous purposive sampling was used in selecting the study participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with a guide. Data saturation was reached at the 14th participant. Tech’s method of data analysis was used for the analysis of data.

Results:
The study’s findings have revealed that parents of youth abusing substances go through challenges such as lack of support from nurses, lack of support from other family members, lack of support from other health care workers. They are also faced with challenges such as youth not adhering to medical instructions, violent and disrespectful youth, and youth stealing to maintain their substance abuse behavior.

Conclusion:
The study’s findings indicated that the parents of youth abusing substances go through many challenges. Having support from health care workers and family members can help them manage their youth abusing substances.
Design and Development of an e-Learning Patient Education Program for Self-management Support in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Raunsbæk Knudsen Line , Lomborg Kirsten , de Thurah Annette 
Published: August 2022

Background
Patient education is integral to the treatment and care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, change is taking place in the organization of health care systems because of a demographic shift toward aging populations and advancements in digital technologies, allowing for new interventions. However, evidence on how to provide web-based patient education within arthritis is limited.

Objective
This study aimed to develop an e-learning education program targeting patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods
The development involved content specification and creative design with contributions from the investigators, patient research partners, and experts in communication, digital design, and e-learning. It was theoretically framed within theories of self-management and behavior change, multimedia learning, and entertainment education and empirically based on the evidence of patient education in rheumatoid arthritis and focus group discussions with patients, nurses, and rheumatologists. Finally, we conducted a feasibility test among 10 patients to assess the acceptability and usability of the program to identify areas to be adjusted.

Results
The 5 following themes for educational needs were found in focus group discussions: “Knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis,” “The disease course and prognosis,” “Medical treatment,” “A new life situation,” and “Daily life with rheumatoid arthritis.” Based on these themes, a didactic and entertaining e-learning program with a simple user interface was created. It consists of 3 modules covering the disease course, examinations, treatment, and daily life with rheumatoid arthritis. It combines animations, videos, podcasts, text, speech, and tests. The patients who tested the program found it to be feasible—that is, clear in content and easy to understand with a suitable pace and coherence between graphics, speech, and text.

Conclusions
This e-learning program is based on solid theoretical knowledge that meets users’ needs and is easy to use. Our study describes possible elements integrated in the development of web-based educational tools that can guide future development processes.
Digital Communication Between Patients and Health Care Professionals Across Disciplines and Sectors After Hospital Discharge: Facilitators, Barriers, and Effects
Authors: Jensen Lili Worre Høpfner , Dinesen Birthe , Kold Søren , Rahbek Ole 
Published: August 2022

Background
Over the past decade, hospital admissions for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery have been shortened, and the time for informing and educating patients prior to discharge has been compromised. The transition of care from hospital to home poses a substantial risk of adverse events. Patients have difficulty remembering information and struggle to assess the severity of symptoms after discharge, leading to unplanned telephone contacts and clinic visits. These inquiries are frequent and pose a substantial burden on the health care system and patients. The COVID-19 pandemic showed an emerging need to implement new communication technologies. Asynchronous digital communication (DC) may provide easy access to health care and seamless communication across sectors.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate how DC can facilitate easy communication between patients and health care professionals (HCPs) across sectors and the effects of DC on patient-initiated telephone contacts after discharge.

Methods
The overall theoretical approach was inspired by Continuity of Care and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Substudy I was a scoping review on DC between patients and HCPs after hospital discharge. Substudy II explored DC in an orthopedic surgery setting and through a triangulation of qualitative data collection techniques. Substudy III investigated the effect of DC on patient-initiated telephone contacts after discharge.

Results
Preliminary findings from substudy I show that DC is increasingly used to support patient-provider communication after discharge. In substudy II, preliminary findings show that DC is feasible in a real-life setting, providing patients with easy access to HCPs, who accept and adapt DC to existing cross-sectoral workflows. However, barriers exist related to the technological integration between systems and individuals’ hesitation to use DC. In substudy III, DC is to be tested in a randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions
This study generates new knowledge of asynchronous DC that may guide future implementations across the health care system.
Multilevel Modeling of Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Li Hongyang , Guan Yuanfang 
Published: August 2022

While most deep learning approaches are developed for single images, in
real world applications, images are often obtained as a series to inform
decision making. Due to hardware (memory) and software (algorithm)
limitations, few methods have been developed to integrate multiple
images so far. In this study, we present an approach that seamlessly
integrates deep learning and traditional machine learning models, to
study multiple images and score joint damages in rheumatoid arthritis.
This method allows the quantification of joining space narrowing to
approach the clinical upper limit. Beyond predictive performance, we
integrate the multilevel interconnections across joints and damage types
into the machine learning model and reveal the cross-regulation map of
joint damages in rheumatoid arthritis.

Corresponding author(s)
Email: hyangl@umich.edu or gyuanfan@umich.edu
GESTÃO ESCOLAR: desafios que permeiam a atuação de gestoras nas redes municipal e estadual da Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Souza Celeste da Costa , Rodrigues Jaqueline dos Reis , Paschoalino Jussara Bueno de Queiroz 
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho teve por objetivo refletir sobre a dimensão da atuação de gestoras escolares da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, especificamente no bairro de Brás de Pina. A hipótese defendida foi a de que as atuações de gestores de escolas públicas brasileiras enfrentam inúmeros desafios diante do seu exercício. Desse modo, o artigo procurou analisar as seguintes questões: a formação inicial e contínua, a realidade dos professores-gestores, as dificuldades enfrentadas na direção escolar das escolas públicas, as relações estabelecidas com as instâncias mantenedoras, com as famílias e com a comunidade escolar. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa e teve como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista semiestruturada. As participantes da pesquisa foram três gestoras, cada uma representando um segmento da rede pública, que contemplavam a Educação Infantil, o Ensino Fundamental e o Ensino Médio. As análises empreendidas salientaram os desafios da gestão escolar, que demanda ações nas diferentes dimensões do trabalho. Nas reflexões estabelecidas com as gestoras, três aspectos foram ressaltados: a importância da experiência na docência, a formação contínua e a necessidade de políticas públicas eficientes para a valorização dos professores.
Palavras-chave: Administração da educação escolar. Gestão pedagógica. Formação de professores.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Zingiber Officinale Rhizomes Aqueous Extract and its Gastroprotective Activity Against Ethanol-Produced Stomach Ulcer in Rodents
Authors: Shareef Suhayla H. , Hadi Ismail N.M. , Badeea ‎ Mustafa A. , Abdulla Mahmood A. 
Published: August 2022

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles exhibition wide range of bioactivities and was conventionally used for the remedy of numerous disorders. Our study aims to measure the gastroprotective effect of synthesized gold nanoparticles on absolute ethanol-induced stomach ulceration in rats. The rats were noticeably administered with two doses of gold nanoparticles (175 ppm and 350 ppm) with absolute alcohol and showed a significant improvement in the adverse effect of ethanol-produced stomach damage as confirmed by decreasing ulcer index and raising % of ulcer prevention. Increased mucus pH of stomach content reduced ulcerated portion, condensed or nonappearance of edema, and white blood cells permeation subcutaneous layer. In gastric tissue homogenate, synthesized gold nanoparticles presented a substantial increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) actions, and a substantial lessening of malondialdehyde (MDA) amount. Besides, gold nanoparticle increases the intensity of periodic acid Schiff stained (PAS) of the gastric epithelium of the stomach. Gold nanoparticles confirmed gastro-protective effects which might be qualified to its antioxidant, increase mucus secretion, increase endogenous enzymes (SOD and CAT), and reduce MDA quantity.
Legal characteristics of the bank deposit (deposit) agreement
Authors: Nosa I. , Skrypnyk V. 
Published: August 2022

Holding on the deposit of funds are their transfer in cash or non-cash in foreign, or national currency, banknote or bank currency and at the expense of the owner for compliance under certain conditions in accordance with the contract.
The agreement of the bank deposit is concluded in writing. If the bank's deposit agreement or certificates and other documents that meet the requirements of the bank's legislation, regulations or other provisions which corresponds to the written form of the bank deposit agreement (bank rules) and the customs of business.
The agreed condition that the bank has the right to change the rate of interest on the deposit in a one-way order is invalid. Interest on bank deposits is accrued from the date of receipt of the deposit by the bank and ends on the day before the depositor accepts the deposit or debiting the funds from the account of the account.
In judicial practice, there is no unanimity on the question of whether the heir has the right to receive interest on the relevant contract of the bank deposit (deposit) and the right of way of life after the death of the depositor of funds until the actual return of the deposit.
We consider it expedient to make changes to paragraph 3 of Chapter 71 of the Civil Code of Ukraine on further improvement of legislative provisions on deposit obligations, in particular by limiting and regulating the range of entities with the right to provide this type of financial services complying with their compliance with the established legislation with the requirements for professional students of this market focusing on the economic base of the main types of their activities, clarification of the legal regime of those involved in the depository fund of financial institutions and active assets defining the permissible limits between the establishment of legal succession and harmonization of approaches to the mechanism of accrual of interest in the investigated obligations
Certain problem aspects of criminal responsibility and punishment in cases of crimes in the field of the use of electronic computing machines (computers), automated systems, computer networks, and telecommunication networks
Authors: Lutskyi T. , Pasyeka O. 
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the methodology and results of the analysis of court sentencing for crimes in the field of the use of electronic computing machines (computers), automated systems, computer networks, and telecommunication networks.
The correlation of the type and amount of punishment imposed by courts under Articles 361, 3611, 3612, 362, 363, 3631 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is presented. The infliction of the types and amount of punishments by courts under these articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is analyzed, and tendencies of their imposition on the examples of concrete court sentences are distinguished. All court sentences for 2019 contained in the Unified State Register of Judgments rendered in respect of crimes under Articles 361, 3611, 3612, 362, 363, and 3631 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are analyzed.
In addition, the authors examine the state of application of both primary and additional punishment by courts in the form of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities and suggest ways to improve them. The authors single out the problems that arise when courts impose one or another type of primary punishment and suggest possible ways to solve them. The issue of the application of Articles 69 and 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine by the court in sentencing for crimes in the field of the use of electronic computing machines (computers), automated systems, computer networks, and telecommunication networks, and the expediency of exemption from serving a probation sentence or imposing more lenient punishment than provided by law, is elucidated.
Taking into account the importance of in-depth study and investigation of the problems of imposing punishment for certain criminal offenses, within the framework of this scientific work, an appropriate analysis of the state of sentencing for crimes in the field of the use of electronic computing machines (computers), automated systems, computer networks, and telecommunication networks is carried out.