bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of CD27 - and CD38 + in IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen ESAT-6/CFP-10 before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment Running title: CD27 - and CD38 + in IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells for monitoring the efficacy of anti- TB treatment
Authors: Fang Yong , Tang Yuan , Wang Na , Luo Qiao-Xia , Tang Liang , Yang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Jing-Bo , You Xiao-fang , Wang Yu-Chun , Su Bo , Sha Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the CD27-CD38+ in IFN-γ+CD4+T cells stimulated by the specific antigen ESAT-6/CFP-10 could be a potential new therapeutic evaluation indicator for anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment.
Methods: Newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients, latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2021. PTB patients were treated by standard anti-TB regimen 2HREZ/4HR. The difference of CD27-CD38+ in IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells before treatment, 2 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment were compared.
Results: The CD27-CD38+ in IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells decreased significantly after anti-TB treatment and was comparable with that in LTBI and healthy controls when the 6-month anti-TB treatment course was completed. The decline rate of CD27-CD38+ between 6 months after treatment and base line was positively correlated with ESR (r=0.766, P<0.0001) and chest CT severity score (r=0.632, P=0.0005). The area under ROC curve of CD27-CD38+ in distinguish PTB patients before and after treatment was 0.779.
Conclusion: The CD27-CD38+ in ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated IFN-γ+CD4+T cells can well reflect the changes of the disease before and after anti-TB treatment, which is expected to be a potential new therapeutic monitoring biomarker.
Clinical Registry number：chiCTR1800019966
An analysis of vectorised automatic differentiation for statistical applications
Authors: Kwok Chun Fung , Zhu Dan , Jacobi Liana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Automatic differentiation (AD) is a general method of computing exact derivatives in complex sensitivity analyses and optimisation routines in settings that lack closed-form solutions, thus posing challenges for analytical and numerical alternatives. This paper introduces a vectorised version of AD that builds on matrix calculus. This more transparent and efficient version of AD promotes its use in a wider range of statistical and econometric applications that require accurate and fast algorithms for the computation of derivatives when performing frequentist and Bayesian inferences. Numerical studies are presented to demonstrate the efficacy and speed of the proposed AD method compared with the numerical derivative scheme by exploiting, for example, sparse matrix representations and high-level optimisation techniques.
JEL classifications: C11, C53, E37
An Irrefutable Unambiguous Insights Into Zygomatic Air Cell Defect (Zacd)
Authors: PATIL KARTHIKEYA , J SANJAY C , SURYA LAKSHMINARAYANA KAIYOOR , DODDAWAD VIDYA GOWDAPPA , S GIRISH M , SHASTRY SHILPA PADAR 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE
Zygomatic air cell defect of temporal bone, have been characterized as the auxiliary air cells in the zygomatic process and articular eminence of the temporal bone.
They present as unresectable findings in the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and articular tubercle and is crucial as they signify regions of weak resistance and the spread of disease.
Comprehension about the decrepit regions in the Zygomatic bones with CBCT, the imaging of choice in maxillofacial disorders for its superior 3D anatomical reconstruction and minimal distortion, is indispensable in the diagnosis, treatment planning and placement of Endosseous or Basal Dental implants to elude complications.
METHOD
154 CBCT images of subjects aged 18 to 70 years with optimal diagnostic quality and area coverage satisfying the selection criteria without the history of maxillofacial fractures, pathologies, anomalies involving the middle one third of the face were analysed.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of ZACD was in 16 (10.4%) subjects with 9 in females (56.25%) and in 7 males (43.75%). The men to women ratio was 1:1.28. It was also revealed that bilateral incidence of ZACD was more common and the prevalence of ZACD the highest 8 (50%) in the age group of 21 -30 yrs.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of research on the prevalence of the ZACD on CBCT which were exiguous in the pastand compares with similar studies done using panoramic radiographs and pave a way for more studies employing CBCT to justify the findings we have expressed.
Current status and perspectives of interventional clinical trials for brain metastases: analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Tini Paolo , Marampon Francesco , Giraffa Martina , Bucelli Samira , Niyazi Maximilian , Belka Claus , Minniti Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The management of brain metastases (BM), the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, is becoming an emerging area of interest. Surgery, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), have historically been the main focal treatments for BM. However, the introduction of innovative targeted- and immune-based therapies is progressively changing the paradigm of BM treatment, resulting in an increase in clinical trials investigating new therapeutic strategies.
Methods: Using ClinicalTrials.gov, the largest clinical trial registry with over 400,000 registered trials, we performed an analysis of phase II and phase III ongoing trials evaluating different systemic therapies, radiotherapy (RT), and surgery given alone or in combination in patients with BM.
Results: One hundred sixty-eight trials, 133 phase II and 35 phase III; the largest part having primarily the curative treatment of patients with BM from lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma, were selected. One hundred sixty-three trials used systemic therapies. One hundred thirteen used tyrosine kinase inhibitors, more frequently Osimertinib, Icotinib and Pyrotinib, 50 used monoclonal antibodies, more frequently Trastuzumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, 20 used conventional chemotherapies whilst no oncological active drugs were used in 6 trials. Ninety-six trials include RT; 54 as exclusive treatment and 42 in combination with systemic therapies.
Conclusions: Systemic targeted- and/or immune-based therapies, combined or not with RT, are increasingly used in the routine of BM treatment. SRS is progressively replacing WBRT. All these trials intend to address multiple questions on the management of patients with BMs, including the recommended upfront treatment for different cancer histologies and the optimal timing between systemic therapies and radiation regarding brain control and neurocognitive outcome and quality of life.
Nanoparticles reactions in cervical cancer: Challenge and hope
Authors: Devi V . Anusha , V Kalaiselvi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a co-precipitation and thermal breakdown approach was used to create a CuO/SnO nano-composite using CuO, NiO, and SnO as precursors. Sol-gel synthesis was used to create nickel oxide (NiO) nano-particles. The XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis) were used to analyze the nano-composites as-prepared; CuO and SnO have wurtzite crystal structures that are cubic and hexagonal, respectively, as seen by the XRD diffractogram of a CuO/SnO nano-composite. The existence of CuO and SnO was verified by FTIR bands in the CuO/SnO nano-composite. The concept of CuO nano-particles mixed with Hibiscus flower reacted as anti-cancer property.
On the Faithfulness of Conditional Probability Estimates: A Multi-objective Approach
Authors: Blanzeisky William , Cunningham Padraig 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Estimating conditional probabilities from data samples is the building block of many machine learning algorithms. However, these estimates often do not reflect the true underlying distribution. With ML systems becoming more ubiquitous in high-risk decision making, it is critical to investigate how the predictions made by the algorithm can misrepresent the actual data distribution. To this end, we explore the notion of underestimation bias that captures the extent to which a learned model predictions deviate from the true distribution. Since fixing underestimation bias may come at the cost of accuracy, we propose a multi-objective optimization strategy to obtain a diverse set of models with members representing different accuracy/faithfulness tradeoffs. We empirically evaluate our framework on two synthetic and twelve real-world datasets. We show that our framework can address underestimation bias while still maintaining adequate overall generalization accuracy.
Restoration Measures of the Riparian Vegetation of the Black Volta Basin in the Lawra Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Yahaya Abdul-Kadri , Augustine Liebo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The study resorted to the mixed methods research approach in data collection, analysis and presentation. Computed values of Shannon Wienner index ( 0.686) and Simpsons Index ( 1.5328) shows that the riparian vegetation of the Black Volta Basin in the Lawra Municipality has dwindled due livelihood activities as compared to Shannon Index ( 1.6406) and Simpson Index (3.5511) of the riparian vegetation of the Burkina Fasso site across the Black Volta Basin. The reduction in vegetative cover of the Black Volta Basin in the Lawra Municipality is confirmed by satellite images which demonstrates dwindling riparian vegetation in the year 2020 and 2021 as compared to the year 2000 and 2001. It is also disclosed by the current study that, restoration of the riparian vegetation of the Black Volta Basin in the Lawra Municipality is a collaborative effort of local and external stakeholders. The current study also reveals that, measures put in place to restore the riparian vegetation are complete ban of farming activities within the riparian zone, creation of buffer zone, promotion of natural regeneration and complete ban on logging in the riparian zone. It is however noted that, complete ban of farming activities within the riparian zone and creation of buffer zone are the most effective measures of restoration. The study recommends that, the Lawra Municipal Assembly Should empower anti-bushfire squads in all the settlements along the Black Volta Basin to execute their resposibilities of preventing bushfires in the riparian zone
A Survey of Software Metrics for Transitioning to An Updated Version of The Current Existing Framework Or A New Framework
Authors: Islam Md. Rafid , Rahman Ratun , Ahmed Akib , Jany Rafsan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A software framework is an abstraction that allows to selectively update software that provides generic functionality by adding additional code written by the user. It is basically a physical or conceptual structure that is used to support or guide the construction of something that grows the structure into something productive. Many effective software teams start with frameworks as their foundation. Bundled code libraries, software modeling, APIs, and a myriad of other capabilities which are included in these frameworks make programming considerably faster and more effective. So, software engineers often delve into various frameworks for development and other purposes. A survey has been conducted and opinions from teachers, students, and developers were solicited. This paper examines the results of the poll and tries to explain what software engineers, students, or seasoned developers experience when switching to a new framework in the middle of a project.
Assessment of Motivational Status and Associated Factors among health workers in public Hospitals in North Shewa Zone, 2021
Authors: abebe Endegena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background : a health worker were motivated and express job satisfaction if they feel that they were effective at their jobs and performing well. Factors contributing to motivation and job satisfaction also include strong career development, an adequate compensation, and adequate working and living conditions.
Objective: Assessment of Motivational Status and Associated Factors among health workers in public Hospitals in North Shewa Zone, 2021/22.
Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design were conducted in four selected Public Hospitalsbased on the trends on the duration of health workers and factors motivating them.The type of study design was employed in this study is a quantitative and qualitative design to KII through survey study. A total of 316 health care providers took part in this study. More than half, 198 (62.7%) of the respondents were females, while 147 (49.7%) of them were in the age range of 25–29 years with mean (SD) age of 29.62 (5.27) with 20 and 54 years of minimum and maximum values.From the total (n=316) of health professionals the prevalence of motivation was 29.7 %. This motivation percentage vary between professions categories from least 9.2 % to highest 25.9% in Midwifery and Nurses health professionals respectively. But others professionals (anesthesia, radiographers, optometric nurse, dentistry and physiotherapist. HIT, MH etc. 29(16.7%) were motivated.In this study from total study participants of selected public hospitals for work performance perceived was 47.2%supposed that work was well done/ performed and this performance lowest in physician/doctors/ 8.1% highest 32.2% among nurse where majority (53.3%) of them perceived not well done (Table 3).
The Overall job satisfaction of health professionals in the selected health facilities was 44.3% and ranging from least 6.4% to highest 33.6% ,Midwifery and Nurses respectively with (AOR=2(1.2-3.2)).
Determinant of the Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: destrebecq  , comet  , deveylder  , alaerts  , naeije  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) display significantly lower performances in many cognitive domains with a pattern of impairment that falls within the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS).
Objective
Assess in a large cohort of individuals with FRDA the main determinant of the CCAS using multiple variable regression models.
Methods
This is a Monocentric observational study that included 39 individuals with FRDA. Ataxic Motor symptoms were evaluated with the SARA and cognitive functions with the CCAS-Scale (CCAS-S). Age, SARA, GAA1, Age of symptoms onset (ASO), Age and disease duration (DD) were chosen as covariates in a linear regression model to predict CCAS-S failed items and covariates in a logistic regression model to predict definite CCAS.
Results
Patients mean age, SARA score, ASO, DD and GAA1 were respectively of 29±14, 22±10, 14±11, 15±9 and 712±238 (4 point-mutations). Mean CCAS-S raw score was of 86±16, mean number of failed items was 2.9±1.6. Twenty-three individuals had definite CCAS.
The multiple linear regression model with Age, SARA, ASO, DD & GAA1 as covariates was statistically significant to predict CCAS-S failed items. The SARA was the only significant coefficient in regression models for predicting CCAS-S failed items number and the definite CCAS occurrence.
Conclusions
CCAS is highly prevalent in adult individuals with FRDA. CCAS is predicted by ataxic motor symptoms severity. This finding supports common core cerebellar pathophysiology in both cognitive and motor symptoms in FRDA and warrants screening for CCAS, especially in patients with SARA > 20.
An explicit model for micro-strain distribution inside nanoparticle structure
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Ahmed Sabry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The importance of nanotechnology is enlarged day by day and to tolerate the nanoparticles to do what we hope, the existence of explicit modeling for nanostructure is necessary. Considering the strain inside the nanoparticle is the major subject that changes the point of view to the unique properties of the material on the nano-scale. Williamson-Hall, Stocks-Wilson, Debye-Scherrer, Halder-Wagner, and SSP methods are used essentially to insure the material particle size falls at the nano-level, they treat the broadening in the XRD peak as a sum of Gauss and Lorentz diffraction probability function. In this work, modeling for nanostructure as a liquid drop where surface tension controls the particle position, the strain controls the geometry and spacing of the lattice parameters, the number of the diffraction planes is used instead of the line intensity and shows Gaussian-like (or Lorentzian-like) function which investigated with numerical analysis. The model writes an equation about the broadening, peak position, and lattice parameters to estimate the crystalline size and strain exponent. Williamson-Hall, Stocks-Wilson, and Debye-Scherrer can be explained as an approximation for this model and the negative strain is explained, possible approximations can show Halder-Wagner and SSP another face of the strain distribution model equation.
What is the Impact of Alcohol ban on Prevalence of Undertrial Prisoners of Liquor &amp; Narcotics Drugs related Acts violation in Bihar - A twelve year (2010-2021) comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is a global prerequisite for the diminution strategy in the want of drugs of addiction, both legal and banned, which may otherwise lead to plentiful negative health, family, socio-economic and mental consequences. During the 63rd session of the WHA (World Health Assembly), held at Geneva in May 2010, including India the 193 global member states reached on consensus that global strategies to trim down the detrimental use of alcohol by adopting resolution WHA63.13. The (GoI) Government of India enforced THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985, ACT NO. 61 OF 1985 with guidelines, protocols and essential framework to reduce drug abuse and sale in India. Alcohol causes 3 million deaths per annum globally; responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease, gender wise harmful consumption of alcohol is about 7.1% in males compared to 2.2% in females. The Bihar Excise Act, 1915 was amended and new amendment Act, 2016 from 01.04.2016 was enforced. Vide Gazette Notification No. 1485 dated 05.04.2016. Absolute Prohibition of sale and consumption of liquor in any form was declared in the State of Bihar. Bihar Prohibition and Excise Act, 2016 was notified on 2nd of October 2016 to put into effect complete ban of alcohol consumption/sale in the territory of Bihar. The key objective of this study is to find out impact of alcohol ban on total number of people jailed by comparing the prevalence of Undertrial Prisoners of Liquor & Narcotics Drugs related Acts violation before the intervention (i.e. alcohol ban) and after alcohol ban. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that as compared to the period when alcohol was not banned in Bihar there is 1190.39 percent increase in the Undertrial prisoners violating Bihar Liquor & Narcotics Drugs Excise Act under which the alcohol comes mainly. Added to this the research study also revealed that there is 355.12 percent and 169.30 percent increase in violation of Liquor & Narcotics Drugs Prohibition Act as well as Liquor & Narcotics Drugs NDPS Act respectively during the period when alcohol is banned in the state of Bihar as compared to same period before alcohol ban.
Modeling carbonate/bicarbonate and nitrate disturbance during secondary effluent disinfection by UV/H2O2 and UV/ozone
Authors: Cavalcante Rodrigo Pereira , Malvestiti Jacqueline Aparecida , Júnior José Paulo Diogo , Dantas Renato Falcao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The disinfection of effluents has been considered the main step to inactivate pathogenic organisms to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases. The variation in the matrix composition can lead to the use of inadequate oxidant dose and disturb a correct treatment. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and practical mathematical model to simulate the disturbance of inorganic anions (CO32−/HCO3− and NO3−) during secondary effluent disinfection by UV/H2O2 and UV/O3. The pathogenic agents chosen for this study were total coliforms and E. coli. To build the mathematical model, a modification of the Chick model (referred to as ‘Modified Chick Model’) was proposed by employing a weighted average in the calculation of the kinetic constant. Both treatments were affected by the presence of the anions. However, with the highest NO3− concentration, less inhibition of disinfection was observed in the UV/H2O2. The use of the arithmetic means to calculate the value of k, as indicated by the Chick model, demonstrates a lesser precision in the prediction of the microorganisms' concentrations. On the other hand, using the Modified Chick Model, a better prediction of the inactivation of the microorganisms was obtained, which can be confirmed by the validation performed.
Proficient exclusion of pesticide using humic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles from aqueous solution
Authors: Jangra Arti , Kumar Jai , Singh Devender , Kumar Harish , Kumar Parvin , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extensive dispersal of the pesticides to shield the different types of vegetation from pests has increased the production but at the same it has resulted in an increase in environmental pollution. Consequently, it is necessary to eliminate these undesired pollutants from the environment. The current investigation offers the synthesis of humic acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles towards effective removal of the most common insecticide, imidacloprid, from aqueous solution using a batch adsorption method. These synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with the help of several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. To acquire the maximum conceivable adsorption, effects of different influencing parameters like pH of the solution, time of contact, concentration of pesticide solution, amount of adsorbent and temperature were also examined. Moreover, the kinetic studies were found to be in good agreement with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model supporting the occurrence of chemisorption phenomenon. Additionally, isotherm modeling proved that the adsorption process was in accordance with the Langmuir model of isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters depicted the endothermic and spontaneous behavior of the adsorption process. Desorption studies were also carried out to examine the reusability of these nano-adsorbents. These verdicts confirmed that the surface modified magnetite nanoparticles may be treated as proficient material for exclusion of imidacloprid from the aqueous solution.