bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Bargaining: Negotiating Distribution in China
Authors: Han Rongbin , Du Juan , Shao Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a detailed case study of house eviction in peri-urban China as well as original data from an online survey experiment, this article explores the opportunistic bargaining phenomenon in China in which citizens leverage the policy priorities of authorities with tactics that are not approved by the state to bargain for goals beyond those promised by the state. We find that opportunistic bargaining is widely accepted by Chinese citizens and that such an inclination is encouraged by successful precedents and clear signals of an opening through which to leverage government policy priorities; however, it is dampened by unclear signals and failed precedents. We also find that opportunistic bargainers tend to hold more negative perceptions of the current regime and are less likely to abide by state rules or social norms. The characteristics of opportunistic bargaining appear to be the opposite of the dominant “rightful resistance” framework.
Incidence and predictors of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-Ec) in Queensland, Australia from 2010 to 2019: a population-based spatial analysis
Authors: Ling Weiping , Cadavid-Restrepo Angela , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Harris Patrick N. A. , Paterson David L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The dissemination of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-Ec) is evident in the community. A population-based spatial analysis is necessary to investigate community risk factors for ESBL-Ec occurrence. The study population was defined as individuals with ESBL-Ec isolated in Queensland, Australia, from 2010 to 2019. Choropleth maps, global Moran's index and Getis-Ord Gi* were used to describe ESBL-Ec distribution and identify hot spots. Multivariable Poisson regression models with or without spatially structured random effects were performed. A total of 12 786 individuals with ESBL-Ec isolate were identified. The crude incidence rate increased annually from 9.1 per 100 000 residents in 2010 to 49.8 per 100 000 residents in 2019. The geographical distribution of ESBL-Ec changed from random to clustered after 2014, suggesting presence of community-specific factors that can enhance occurrence. Hot spots were more frequently identified in Outback and Far North Queensland, future public health measures to reduce transmission should prioritise these communities. Communities with higher socioeconomic status (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79, per 100 units increase) and higher proportion of residents employed in the agricultural industry (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.95, per 10% increase) had lower ESBL-Ec incidence. Risk factors for occurrence appear differential between remote and city settings and this should be further investigated.
Imperial wet nurses in the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar
Authors: Shivram Balkrishan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMughal chronicles frequently refer to royal Mughal infants being entrusted to wet nurses for breastfeeding and nurturing. The women chosen for this purpose were invariably the wives of important Mughal officials. It was believed that the quality of milk the baby received determined its future disposition. Therefore, these nurses needed to possess desirable psychological qualities and moral temperaments. They were accorded a high status and usually established a lasting relationship with their charges. As a result, the children of the emperor developed a close association with their wet nurses and their families who, in turn, became the staunchest supporters of their wards. The success, influence, and prestige of these families depended on the political fortune of the royal child they had cared for. If the prince became an emperor, they gained immense power and prestige both in life and death. They were honoured with elaborate funerals and buried in imperial tombs. This article argues that the rationale behind the use of wet nurses by Mughal royalty during Emperor Akbar's reign was not simply a medical or physiological one, it was equally a political instrument for forging ties between prominent families and royalty.
‘Good for you!’ Processing social emotions in L2 discourse comprehension: an ERP study
Authors: González-García Aldariz Andrea , Rodríguez-Gómez Pablo , Romero-Rivas Carlos , Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara , Foucart Alice , Moreno Eva M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial factors impact sentence comprehension in a first language (L1), suggesting that semantic processing cannot be dissociated from social and moral emotions in relation to pro/antisocial individuals. Given that integrating multiple types of information and processing emotion-laden pragmatic information is costlier in a second language (L2), we investigated whether social factors would affect discourse comprehension similarly in L2. Processing the outcomes of scenarios involving pro/antisocial protagonists provoked similar neural patterns in L2 as in L1 (Rodríguez-Gómez, Martín-Loeches, Colmenares, Romero Ferreiro & Moreno, 2020), suggesting that L2 users simultaneously integrate semantic and discourse-pragmatic information during sentence comprehension.
Valued Outcomes in the Cancer Experience (VOICE)™: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of perceived control
Authors: Zaleta Alexandra K. , Fortune Erica E. , Miller Melissa F. , Yuen Eva Y.N. , McManus Shauna , Hurley Karen , Golant Mitch , Goldberger Sara , Shockney Lillie D. , Buzaglo Joanne S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveEnhancing cancer patients’ sense of control can positively impact psychological well-being. We developed and assessed the psychometric properties of Valued Outcomes in the Cancer Experience (VOICE)TM, a measure of patients’ perceived control over key personal priorities within their cancer experience.MethodsVOICE construction and testing were completed in three phases with separate participant samples: (1) item generation and initial item pool testing (N = 459), (2) scale refinement (N = 623), and (3) confirmatory validation (N = 515).ResultsA 21-item measure was developed that captures cancer patients’ sense of control in seven key domains: (1) Purpose and Meaning, (2) Functional Capacity, (3) Longevity, (4) Quality Care, (5) Illness Knowledge, (6) Social Support, and (7) Financial Capability. VOICE demonstrated adequate internal consistency (full-scale α = 0.93; factor α = 0.67–0.89) and adequate to strong convergent and discriminatory validity.Significance of resultsVOICE measures cancer patients’ perceived control across a diverse range of personal priorities, creating a platform for elevating patient perspectives and identifying pathways to enhance patient well-being. VOICE is positioned to guide understanding of the patient experience and aid the development and evaluation of supportive care interventions to enhance well-being.
Arabic version of the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale: Translation, adaptation, and validation
Authors: Wazqar Dhuha Youssef 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesA lack of confidence among oncology nurses might be problematic when providing palliative care. No valid and reliable tool is currently available in Saudi Arabia to assess oncology nurses’ confidence in providing palliative care. This study aims to explain the process of translation, adaptation, and validation of the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale (PCSS) to support its use in the Saudi context.MethodsThis was a methodological study of translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation of PCSS. The process of translation and adaptation was conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines, including forward and backward translations, an expert panel review, and pretesting and cognitive interviewing, resulting in a final version. Two independent bilingual oncology nurses familiar with palliative care terminology translated the PCSS from English to Modern Standard Arabic. Next, the concise PCSS translation developed from the 2 translations was back-translated to English by 2 English-speaking translators and then compared to the original PCSS. The Arabic version PCSS was evaluated by Saudi professionals (N = 5) in oncology and palliative care nursing using a Likert scale for essentiality, relevance, clarity, and appropriateness. The content validity was examined using the calculation of the content validity ratio, item-level content validity index (I-CVI), and modified kappa statistics. The thinking aloud method was also used to interview Saudi oncology nurses (N = 8) who had palliative care experience.ResultsThe relevance, clarity, and appropriateness of the first Arabic version PCSS were validated. It had a level of content validity index of 1.00 for all items after improvements were made based on the recommendations of experts and oncology nurses.Significance of resultsThe PCSS demonstrated face and content validity in the assessment of oncology nurses’ confidence in providing palliative care. The PCSS is suitable for use in palliative cancer care units in Saudi Arabia to identify the educational needs of nurses to promote their confidence and improve the quality of care. Additional reliable and valid language versions of the PCSS allow for international and national comparisons, which may be useful for oncology nursing administrators or managers who are accountable for the quality of palliative care during the strategic health-care planning process in cancer services.
The Calcium Isotope (δ44/40Ca) Record Through Environmental Changes: Insights From the Late Triassic
Authors: Kovács Zsófia , Demangel Isaline , Baldermann Andre , Hippler Dorothee , Schmitt Anne‐Désirée , Gangloff Sophie , Krystyn Leopold , Richoz Sylvain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCalcium isotopes (δ44/40Ca) are particularly useful in palaeo‐environmental studies due to the key role of carbonate minerals in continental weathering and their formation in seawater. The calcium isotope ratio can provide hints on past changes in the calcium fluxes, environmental shifts, ecological factors and alternatively diagenesis of carbonate rocks. The investigation of the Late Triassic calcium isotope record offers a great opportunity to evaluate such factors in a time interval that witnessed important environmental and ecological turnovers, such as the first appearance of calcareous nannoplankton, ocean acidification and periods of elevated extinction rates. In this study, we present a δ44/40Ca data set from the upper Norian (Upper Triassic) through the lower Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) interval. The isotope records reveal two globally significant signals: a ∼ 0.20‰ decrease through the early Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) and a small, negative (∼0.14‰) excursion corresponding to the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, at the end of the Triassic. The possible explanations for these signals are changes in the isotopic ratio of the continental calcium influx to the ocean due to the high chemical weathering rate of carbonates and possibly ocean acidification, respectively. The considerable (∼0.15–0.30‰) offset in δ44/40Ca between study areas is likely the combined result of local differences in lithology and early marine diagenesis. The major evolutionary step represented by the first occurrence of calcareous nannoplankton did not have at this time a determining role on the calcium isotopic signature of the marine carbonates.
Simultaneous Determination of I/Ca and Other Elemental Ratios in Foraminifera: Comparing Results From Acidic and Basic Solutions
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Hess Anya V. , Bu Kaixuan , Sagawa Takuya , Rosenthal Yair 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe iodine to calcium ratio in carbonate (I/Ca) has been widely used to indicate ocean oxygenation level in the past. Given the volatility of iodine, I/Ca has been measured in alkaline solutions in previous studies. However, this limits the application of I/Ca with other element/Ca (El/Ca) proxies at the same time and in the same foraminifera because other El/Ca data are preferably analyzed in acidic solutions. This study assesses the reliability of I/Ca measurements in acidic solutions measured with other El/Ca as well as the effects of different sample pre‐treatments on measured foraminiferal I/Ca. Our results show that when samples are measured within hours of prepaparation, the pH of the final solution has an insignificant effect on I/Ca measurements of a carbonate reference material JCp‐1 and a multi‐element standard solution, consistent with the slow kinetics of iodine volatilization. We find, however, that low pH possibly reduces the measured I/Ca in foraminiferal tests in some samples. Our experiments also suggest a resolvable effect of reductive cleaning, yielding lower foraminiferal I/Ca compared to without reductive cleaning. The HNO3 concentration used to dissolve foraminiferal shells has a negligible effect. Despite the different solution pHs and cleaning and dissolving methods, our core top planktic I/Ca data are able to differentiate well‐oxygenated from oxygen‐depleted waters in the upper ocean, and after correcting for cleaning effect, our data are generally consistent with the published studies that analyzed I/Ca without reductive cleaning and in basic solutions. This study shows that measurements of I/Ca within hours of sample dissolutions yield reliable planktic I/Ca data, while also allowing the acquisition of other El/Ca values for paleoceanographic studies.
The Ocean's Biological Pump: In Situ Oxygen Measurements in the Subtropical Oceans
Authors: Emerson Steven , Yang Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe magnitude and distribution of the ocean's biological pump (the downward flux of organic carbon (OC) from the ocean surface) influences the pCO2 of the atmosphere and the O2 content of the deep sea, but has not been well quantified. We determine this flux in the ocean's five subtropical gyres using upper‐ocean oxygen mass balance and measurements of T, S, and pO2 by autonomous profiling floats. Our results suggest that the biological OC pump is not globally uniform among the subtropical gyres: values in the North Pacific and Atlantic indicate distinct autotrophy (1–2 mol C m−2 yr−1) while near zero values in the S. Indian Ocean suggest the possibility of net heterotrophy. There is a correlation between the surface water iron/nitrate ratio and the magnitude of the biological pump suggesting an important role for nitrogen fixation in controlling the global distribution.
Small Magnitude Events Highlight the Correlation Between Hydraulic Fracturing Injection Parameters, Geological Factors, and Earthquake Occurrence
Authors: Kemna Kilian B. , Roth Marco P. , Wache Ricarda M. , Harrington Rebecca M. , Liu Yajing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracturing (HF) operations are widely associated with induced seismicity in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. This study correlates injection parameters of 12,903 HF stages in the Kiskatinaw area in northeast British Columbia with an enhanced catalog containing 40,046 earthquakes using a supervised machine learning approach. It identifies relevant combinations of geological and operational parameters related to individual HF stages in efforts to decipher fault activation mechanisms. Our results suggest that stages targeting specific geological units (here, the Lower Montney formation) are more likely to induce an earthquake. Additional parameters positively correlated with earthquake likelihood include target formation thickness, injection volume, and completion date. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 lockdown may have reduced the potential cumulative effect of HF operations. Our results demonstrate the value of machine learning approaches for implementation as guidance tools that help facilitate safe development of unconventional energy technologies.
Development of Lattice‐Preferred Orientations of MgO Periclase From Strain Rate Controlled Shear Deformation Experiments Under Pressure up to 120 GPa
Authors: Park Yohan , Azuma Shintaro , Okazaki Keishi , Uesugi Kentaro , Yasutake Masahiro , Nishihara Yu , Nomura Ryuichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe seismic anisotropy observed in Earth's lowermost mantle (D″ layer) is thought to originate from the lattice‐preferred orientation (LPO) of mantle materials induced by plastic deformation. Ferropericlase is the second most abundant mineral in the lower mantle, and its LPO induced by deformation may significantly contribute to the seismic anisotropy in the D″ layer. The slip system(s) of ferropericlase controlling the LPO in the D″ layer is still controversial, owing to technical difficulties in conducting high‐pressure deformation experiments. We conducted shear deformation experiments on MgO under pressures of up to 120 GPa and reported the LPO after the deformation experiments. Our results indicate that {100}<011> is the dominant slip system in the D″ layer. The LPO developed during shear deformation would result in shear wave splitting with VSH > VSV, consistent with seismic observations in the regions expected to accommodate large shear strain by subducted slabs in the D″ layer.
The Topographic Signature of Mantle Pressure Build‐Up Beneath Subducting Plates: Insights From Spherical Subduction Models
Authors: Holt Adam F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubduction zones are associated with spatially heterogeneous pressure fields that, depending on location, push/pull on Earth's surface producing dynamic topography (DT). Despite this, subduction zones, and associated pressure fields, are typically over‐simplified within global mantle flow models. Here, I use subduction models within a global domain to probe mantle pressure build‐up beneath subducting plates (SPs) and the resulting DT. Positive pressure develops beneath the SP in most subduction models. This produces positive DT (≤450 m) and tilts the SP upwards toward the trench (≤0.25 m/km). As SP size increases, the pressure magnitude increases producing greater topography/tilting. At a global scale, I find potential evidence for the modeled tilting in published residual topography. I argue that the rigorous incorporation of subduction zones into mantle flow models, and hence the inclusion of this signal, is needed to continue to bring future DT predictions and observational estimates into closer alignment.
The Helicity Sign of Flux Transfer Event Flux Ropes and Its Relationship to the Guide Field and Hall Physics in Magnetic Reconnection at the Magnetopause
Authors: Dahani S. , Kieokaew R. , Génot V. , Lavraud B. , Chen Y. , Michotte de Welle B. , Aunai N. , Tóth G. , Cassak P. A. , Fargette N. , Fear R. C. , Marchaudon A. , Gershman D. , Giles B. , Torbert R. , Burch J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlux Transfer Events (FTEs) are transient magnetic flux ropes typically found at the Earth's magnetopause on the dayside. While it is known that FTEs are generated by magnetic reconnection, it remains unclear how the details of magnetic reconnection controls their properties. A recent study showed that the helicity sign of FTEs positively correlates with the east‐west (By) component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). With data from the Cluster and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions, we performed a statistical study of 166 quasi force‐free FTEs. We focus on their helicity sign and possible association with upstream solar wind conditions and local magnetic reconnection properties. Using both in situ data and magnetic shear modeling, we find that FTEs whose helicity sign corresponds to the IMF By are associated with moderate magnetic shears while those that do not correspond to the IMF By are associated with higher magnetic shears. While uncertainty in IMF propagation to the magnetopause may lead to randomness in the determination of the flux rope core field and helicity, we rather propose that for small IMF By, which corresponds to high shear and low guide field, the Hall pattern of magnetic reconnection determines the FTE core field and helicity sign. In that context we explain how the temporal sequence of multiple X‐line formation and the reconnection rate are important in determining the flux rope helicity sign. This work highlights a fundamental connection between kinetic processes at work in magnetic reconnection and the macroscale structure of FTEs.
Record Arctic Cyclone of January 2022: Characteristics, Impacts, and Predictability
Authors: Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Webster Melinda , Boisvert Linette , Parker Chelsea , Horvat Christopher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArctic cyclones are a fundamental component of Arctic climate, influencing atmospheric heat and moisture transport into the region and surface energy, moisture, and momentum fluxes. Arctic cyclones can also drive changes in sea ice and energize ocean waves. Here we investigate a record low sea level pressure (SLP) Arctic cyclone which formed in East Greenland and tracked NE over the Barents and Kara seas between 21 and 27 January 2022. At its peak intensity on 24 January, the cyclone reached an estimated depth of 932.2 mb at 79.5°N 20°E. North of 70°N, this is the lowest SLP in the ERA‐5 reanalysis over 1979 to present. The cyclone resulted in a record (over the period 1979–2022) weekly loss of regional sea ice area and surface wind speeds, and generated ocean waves exceeding 8 m that impinged on sea ice in the Barents sea, observed via satellite altimetry as large waves‐in‐sea ice up to 2 m in amplitude more than 100 km into the ice pack. Surface heat fluxes were strongly impacted by the cyclone, with record atmosphere‐to‐surface turbulent fluxes. However, the direct atmospheric thermodynamic impact on sea ice loss was modest, and the record sea ice changes were likely mainly driven by dynamical and/or ocean processes. While the storm was well predicted up to 8 days in advance, subsequent changes in sea ice cover were not, likely due to biases in the forecasts' sea ice initial conditions and missing physics in the forecast model such as wave‐sea ice interaction.
Challenges and strategies in high-accuracy manufacturing of the world’s largest SiC aspheric mirror
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Hu Haixiang , Wang Xiaokun , Luo Xiao , Zhang Ge , Zhao Wenxing , Wang Xiaoyi , Liu Zhenyu , Xiong Ling , Qi Erhui , Cui Congcong , Wang Yanchao , Li Yingjie , Wang Xu , Li Longxiang , Bai Yang , Cheng Qiang , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Ruigang , Tang Wa , Zeng Xuefeng , Deng Weijie , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the process of manufacturing the world’s largest silicon carbide (SiC) aspheric mirror, the primary difficulties are mirror blank preparation, asphere fabrication, and testing, as well as cladding and coating. Specifically, the challenges include the homogeneity of the complicated structure casting, accuracy and efficiency of the fabrication process, print-through effect, fidelity and precision of test procedure, stress and denseness of cladding process, the dynamic range of interferometric measurement, and air turbulence error due to the long optical path. To break through such a barrier of difficulties, we proposed the water-soluble room temperature vanishing mold and gel casting technology, homogeneous microstructure reaction-formed joint technology, nano-accuracy efficient compound fabrication, gravity unloading technology, high-denseness low-defect physical vapor deposition (PVD) Si-cladding technology, test data fusion method, and time-domain averaging method, etc. Based on the proposed technologies and methods, we have accomplished the world’s largest SiC aspheric mirror with a size of ⌀4.03 m. The impressive performance of the SiC aspheric mirror is validated by the characteristics of the fabricated SiC aspheric mirror. The aerial density of the SiC blank is less than 120 kg/m2, surface shape test accuracy is better than 6 nm RMS, thickness inhomogeneity of the cladding layer is less than 5%, and the final surface figure error and roughness are 15.2 nm RMS and 0.8 nm RMS, respectively.