bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervasive developmental disorders with a complex structure (epileptic seizures, catatonic, hallucinatory and manic symptoms, delirious episodes during life)
Authors: Makarenko H. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe significant clinical efficacy of lithium and lamotrigine in the described patients is consistent with the hypothesis that microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene may be associated with bipolar disorder.ObjectivesThe described phenotypes were characterized by intellectual disability, general speech underdevelopment, muscle hypotonia, and developmental dyspraxia. Their causal relationships with epileptic encephalopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar and hyperkinetic disorders have been analyzed.MethodsProspective studies of two patients with Phelan McDermid syndrome (22q13.3 microdeletions of the SHANK3 gene) within 10-12 years after genome scanning allowed describing the clinical polymorphism of developmental disorders. The sensitivity of psychotic symptoms to antipsychotic and mood stabilizer therapy has also been studied.ResultsManifest psychotic disorders in patients did not reveal an affinity for therapy with amisulpride, haloperidol, quetiapine, which demonstrated a partial therapeutic response to treatment with aripiprazole, which cast doubt on the possibility of qualifying psychotic symptoms in patients as the debut of schizophrenia. The partial therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy with aripiprazole and benzodiazepines (clonazepam/diazepam) qualified psychotic episodes in two patients with 22q13.3 syndrome as pediatric delirium. The significant clinical efficacy of lithium and lamotrigine in the described patients is consistent with the hypothesis that microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene may be associated with bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThe combination of lithium and lamotrigine may be recommended for the treatment of polymorbid mental disorders in patients with ASD and 22q13.3 syndrome. If lithium salts are poorly tolerated, a combination of lamotrigine and aripiprazole may be used to treat polymorbid mental disorders with confusion and catatonic symptoms in ASD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adolescent cognitive peculiarities and the sense of emerging adulthood
Authors: Markish O. , Churbanova S. , Chesnokova O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe feeling of becoming an adult plays the role of central new mental formation reflecting the specificities of emotional experience and whole new mental state during adolescent development that is often misaligned with present day society attitude to adolescents. The study was conducted to explore the relationship linking cognitive peculiarities of senior adolescents and the sense of emerging adulthoodObjectivesThis research was conceptualized to explore the way cognitive development peculiarities affect the progress in solving tasks of the transition to adulthood from the point of view of objective growing-up and subjective assessment of feeling of becoming an adult.MethodsThe study was based on Betensky’s Adolescent Window Triptych, Akimova’s Intelligence Test for Seniors, Landgarten’s Personality Collage, Sacks-Levy’s IST, Adolescent Social Self-Portrait Essay (D.B. Elkonin) and included 68 participants aged 15-17 years.ResultsSelf-criticism degree in cognition of elder adolescents has an effect on the progress in solving specific tasks of the transition to adulthood (such as high degree of maturity in intellectual activity (rs=.50; р=.002) and cognitive autonomy (rs=.36; р=.032), understanding importance of personal professional development (rs=.40; p=.059) and high value of having a family (rs=.39, p=.02). Also correlation regression analysis provides support for high correlation between self-esteem of personal autonomy, intellect (in solving tasks for conceptual thinking), emotional autonomy and social/moral maturity variables.ConclusionsIt was confirmed that cognitive peculiarities of elder adolescents (such as academic intelligence, maturity in intellectual activity and cognitive autonomy) have an effect on the progress in solving specific tasks of the transition to adulthood.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficiency of voluntary auditory-speech memory in younger schoolchildren with different types of dysontogenesis
Authors: Zvereva M. , Zvereva N. , Balakireva E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAssessing of voluntary auditory verbal memory, mediated or non-mediated by meaning context is an important component of impaired mental or psychic development estimation in children with different types of dysontogenesis.ObjectivesInvestigation of memory in chidren with mental disordersMethodsParticipants: Children 9-12 years: ND - 25 normal development (14 boys), F70 - 31 with mild mental retardation (18 boys), F20.8 - 15 children with childhood type of schizophrenia (11 boys) and F21- 29 with schizotypal disorder (22 boys). Learning of 10 words, simple (SPA) and complex (CPA) paired associations. Assessing Parameter - auditory-speech memory efficiency in each of techniques. Mann-Whitney criterion.ResultsThere were significant differences in memory efficiency of 10 words between F21 and F70 (p≤0.01) and F70 and F20.8 (p≤0.05). Simple paired associations - no differences between all groups. Complex paired associations: F21 and F70 (p≤0.05), F21 and F20.8 (p≤0.01). ND - significant differences in memory efficiency of 10 words with all groups (F21 – p ≤0.01, F20.8 – p ≤0.05, F70 – p ≤0.01). SPA: significant differences with all groups (p≤ 0.01). CPA - significant differences words with all groups (F21 – p≤ 0.05, F20.8 – p≤ 0.01, F70 – p ≤0.01).ConclusionsСommon features of working memory in children with diseased type of development:- improved memorization with introduction of strong semantic connections for all types of dysontogenesis. For complex connections in different groups we suppose different mechanisms of destroyed memory: F70 - low level of thinking, F20.8 - decreasing in mental activity or as a result of forming defect.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotic Symptomatology in Adolescentes witch Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mallol Castaño L. , Paricio Del Castillo R. , Del Sol Calderón P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionINTRODUCTION: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders may exhibit symptoms that can also appear in psychotic disorders, such as isolation and difficulties in social interaction. In addition, these patients may also present psychotic symptoms throughout their lives, sometimes difficult to differentiate from the patient’s own idiosyncrasies.ObjectivesOBJECTIVES: To deepen the knowledge of the comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders, in particular psychosis, as well as the differential diagnosis in order to establish an adequate treatment plan and a multidisciplinary approach.MethodsMETHODS: A detailed description is given of two cases of adolescents diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder who have presented time-limited psychotic symptomatology in the last year. In addition, a literature search was conducted on the comorbidity of psychosis in patients with ASD.ResultsRESULTS: Both patients have required several hospital admissions to psychiatric units when they have had psychotic decompensations and psychopharmacological treatment with antipsychotics has been initiated.ConclusionsCONCLUSIONS: Patients with autistic spectrum disorders have a wide comorbidity. Psychosis can appear in these patients, often starting in adolescence, a time when social demands increase and patients can become decompensated. They require rapid, multi-level intervention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
problematic social media use among child and adolescent psychiatry consultants: family risk factors
Authors: Ben Othman A. , Hamza M. , Amemou B. , Ben Hamouda A. , Bourgou S. , Charfi F. , Belhadj A. 
Published: September 2022

Introductionthe problematic use of social media (PUSM) is considered nowadays as a behavioural addiction. Social media seem to provide an ephemeral escape especially for children suffering from dysfunctional families and abuse.ObjectivesTo study in a population of children and adolescents followed in outpatient child psychiatry unit, the prevalence, and family risk factors related to PUSM.Methodsa descriptive study was conducted among child and adolescent psychiatry consultants. Parents were asked to provide answers for the BSMAS (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale). We used a self-administered questionnaire and the BSMAS to assess patients’ social media’s use characteristics and the APGAR Family Test to assess their satisfaction with their family functioning.Results

The prevalence of PUSM was estimated at 9.2% in our population according to the conservative approach, rising to 48.7% according to the liberal approach. APGAR Family Test scores were negatively correlated with BSMAS scores (Pearson’s coefficient= -0.37; p=0.002). Significantly higher scores were found in cases of exposure to physical (p=0.001) or moral (p=0.037) abuse and among patients who witnessed spousal violence (p=0.041), and whose parents had a lower level of education. A positive and significant correlation was found between parents’ and adolescents’ BSMAS scores (p=0.04).ConclusionsPsychopathological fragility triggered by poor family functioning expose to the risk of PUSM. The implementation of preventive strategies and a rigorous and global management of these adolescents are imperative to fight against this disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Compensation Possibilities of Mental Disorders — Individual Case of a Child with Severe Neurological Disorder
Authors: Fedorova Y. , Burlakova N. , Mikadze Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNeurological diseases often lead to mental disorders in children. After the structure of disorder is identified, an important task is to examine the abilities to compensate developmental delay (Lev S. Vygotsky).ObjectivesThe goal of the study was to explore potential of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS), which is important for psychocorrection.MethodsCase study of a boy with idiopathic OMS (aged 3 years 5 months) who was patient at the Psychoneurological Department no. 2 of the Russian Children Clinical Hospital. The following methods were used: analysis of anamnestic data, analysis of patient’s medical record, pathopsychological assessment.ResultsAnamnestic data and medical records indicate the absence of pregnancy pathologies and normal early development. OMS was first detected when the child was aged 2 y. 7 m. Pathopsychological assessment gave the following results: 1) movement disorder (primary disorder) leads to secondary mental disorders; 2) locomotor activity disorders inhibit the child’s use of space and orientation of body in it; 3) secondary defects are detected in constructive activity, speech and drawing. Intact components of the mental processes: 1) the child demonstrates motivation for independent activity despite operational difficulties; 2) in certain activities, the general plan of actions remains intact, i.e., the goal set is actualized in movements and actions; 3) notions about objects, actions with them, planning and performance of movements are intact.ConclusionsThe research demonstrates disbalance between operational difficulties and integrity of semantic orientation, internal planning of actions. The data prove the importance of discussion on abilities of children with OMS to compensate mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dyskinesias in childhood, differential diagnosis and treatment. About a case
Authors: Valverde Barea M. , Mata Castro C. , Vargas Melero P. , España Osuna A. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Dyskinesias are motor disorders that occur as a side effect to treatment with typical and less frequently with atypical antipsychotic drugs. They are more frequents in child population. Treatment usually consists of decrease the dose of drug or replace it with a better profile tolerability antipsychotic. Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug indicated as second-generation treatment of motor disorders that appear as side effects to treatment with neuroleptics.ObjectivesDemonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine in the treatment of dyskinesias in childhood.MethodsThe patient 12 year-old boy, has episodes of psychomotor agitation once a month. This will alternate with quiet moments in which dyskinetic movements are observed in upper limbs, without being able to detect any type triggering environmental factor. Personal history: hydrocele, diagnosed at 8 years becomes neurodevelopmental disorder considered. Neurosurgery tracking for Subarachnoid cyst. Psychopathological examination: Child presents psychomotor restlessness, disruptive behavior, impairments in communication, movement disorder, stereotypies and dyskinetic movements in shoulder and neck.Results
In the patient suffering from an autistic disorder, stereotypies and other motor symptoms were observed, the predominant and most relevant being dyskinetic movements in the shoulder and neck, which appeared one month after starting treatment with risperidone and worsening psychomotor skills. Treatment of dyskinesia with clozapine improved the motor symptoms presented by the patient.ConclusionsClozapine should be the treatment of choice in the event of dyskinesias as a secondary effect to other antipsychotic treatments, proving effective in controlling them as well as well tolerated in both adults and children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clinical features and management of manic episodes in adolescents. A case review
Authors: Martin Gil V.E. , Chinchilla Moreno M.C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAssessment and management of bipolar disorder, and particularly manic episodes in adolescents means a challenge. The presence of comorbid disorders, and divergent interpretations of manic symptoms in the context of the adolescent natural inmaturity, can make diagnosis and treatment hard goals to achieve. The existence of juvenile specific criteria for bipolar disorder is a debate topic. This concept emerged from an attempt to solve diagnosis issues and involves a wide range of definitions for mania.ObjectivesLiterature review concerning bipolar disorder in young population: Main comorbidities, psychosocial problems, prognosis. Clinical presentation: Shared and specific features compared to adult population. Available treatment options. Issues related to safety and tolerability.MethodsWe present a case of a 16 year old woman diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, hospitalised in an inpatient adolescent unit in 2021. Review of the literature available (clinical guidelines, PubMed).ResultsPatient initially oriented as a Bipolar II disorder, after depressive episodes followed by hypomanic symptoms in the past years. The following clinical course was conditioned by personality traits. Emotional disregulation and a complex family environment made affective symptoms difficult to evaluate, leading to a diagnostic hypothesis of personality-related disorder. After a period of outpatient treatment in a day hospital, she debuted with a clinical picture of manic symptoms, mixed features and rapid mood cycling.ConclusionsAfter an initial trial, stabilization was achieved with aripiprazole and asenapine. Combination therapy might be necessary in longer-term treatment, according to existing evidence. Diagnosis and treatment concerns are interfered by the limited number of trials.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Length of stay and reason for admission in an adolescents inpatient unit
Authors: Taracena Cuerda M. , Esperesate Pajares M. , Feito Garcia M. , Arranz Martin C. , Sánchez Sampedro E. , Jiménez Bidón A.M. , Puente García R. , Pastor Jordá C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric Inpatient units are important resources of the mental health network. These units have elevated costs, so it is important to get to know some factos that might mediate the lengh of stay in these units.ObjectivesPsychiatric Inpatient units are important resources of the mental health network. These units have elevated costs, so it is important to get to know some factos that might mediate the lengh of stay in these units.MethodsAn observational and descriptive analysis of the sample of patients between 12 and 17 years-old, that were admitted to the inpatient mental health unit since its opening on April 2021.Results205 patients were admitted April 2021 until October 2021. The most common reason for admission (RFA) was suicidal ideation/attempt (57.07%), eating disorders (15.1%), mood disorders (11.2%), conduct disorders/challenging behaviors (7.8%) and psychosis (7.3%). Adolescents with eating disorders had the longest length of stay, with an average of 23.8 days. They were followed by those suffering from psychosis (17.8 days) and suicidal ideation/attempts (17.1 days). Mood disorders average length of stay was 15.1 days and conduct disorders/challenging behaviors was the shortest one with a LOS of 12.5 days.ConclusionsAdolescents with eating disorders seem to need longer lentgh of stay, what differs from Zeshan et al study that concludes that patients with schizophrenia might need longer LOS. Nevertheless, just as Zeshan et al study, we conclude that patients admitted with conduct disorders/challenging behaviors have the shortest LOS.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Emotional regulation in non-suicidal self-injury – research on the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Authors: Makowska I. , Rymarczyk K. , Puzio D. , Pałka-Szafraniec K. , Garnier J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDSM-5 defines non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as socially unaccepted, direct, repeated and deliberate harm done to one’s own body. It is estimated that in a general population approximately 13-29% of adolescents present NSSI, and 70-80% among hospitalized youth. It seems that emotional dysregulation is the core characteristic of NSSI manifesting by self-harm behaviors, impulsiveness, lack of emotional awareness and experiencing high intensity of negative emotion. Emotional dysregulation is a pivotal characteristic of NSSI. Rationale of this theory is provided by the results of psychological and psychophysiological studies as well as those presenting brain activity. Neuroimaging data point to a variant pattern of brain activity of adolescents with NSSI during perception of emotionally negative stimuli i.e. hyperactivity in amygdala – a structure responsible for fear and automatic reaction to exciting stimuli and low activity of inferior frontal gyrus area – a structure responsible for inhibition and interpretation of social interactions. This activity pattern suggests a disorder of cortico-subcortical neuronal connections.ObjectivesThe aim was to verify tDCS as a therapeutic aid for patients who exhibit NSSI despite implementation of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.MethodsWe investigated the modulation effect of tDCS treatment at the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) in hospitalized adolescents with NSSI.ResultsPreliminary tDCS stimulation results indicate potential usefulness of this method in regulating emotions and improving executive functions.ConclusionsPrefrontal cortex stimulation may restore balance in aforementioned connections and, as a result, positively influence an emotional regulation i.e. lower the impulsiveness, agitation and, by doing so, decrease NSSI frequency.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Taxonomic classification of mental disorders
Authors: Šablevičius M. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 classifications can be described as „incoherent“. Psychopathology depends on “time of damage and resilience” ratio. Continuums of mental disorders compose a table, like a periodic table of chemical elements. Similar psychopathology can have different neurobiological origin, and vice versa.Objectives
Current classifications of mental disorders ICD-10, DSM-5, as well as the new ICD-11 being developed, do not show interrelations in pathogenesis between groups of mental disorders. This is a weak point of these classifications, although they serve a good purpose in relation to medical statistics and encoding requirements.MethodsTaxonomic classification of mental disorders proposed in this empirical study reveals interrelations between diagnostic categories of mental disorders. Classification as an object of this empirical study is initially developed on author’s observation of psychopathology in clinical practice. It also relies on scientific data of genetics and neurobiology of mental disorders.ResultsThe classification is based on two axes system. First axis reflects the time of damage of neural tissue in specific stage, i.e. neuron body genesis, neuron growths genesis, synaptic pruning or further neural information modeling. The second axis is connected with resilience. The two axes system includes in one continuum and connects into one classification table (
Figure 1) almost all diagnostic groups from ICD-10 or DSM-5 (with two exclusions: “organic” type mental disorders and pathology of myelination process).ConclusionsThis empirically derived concept of classification could be used in clinical practice in differential diagnosis, discovering heterogeneities in patients with same diagnostic “code”, planning treatment strategies, predicting course of mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Evolution of Delusional Disorder across the DSM editions
Authors: Conde Moreno M. , Ramalheira F. , Vila-Chã D. , Terêncio D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStates compatible with “Delusional disorder” have been described since the XIX century. Esquirol mentioned “irrational ideas and actions that would develop via logical and plausible arguments”; Kraepelin referred to the condition as “paranoia” and considered that hallucinations could not be present– unlike Bleuler, who considered them to be a possible feature. The criteria for delusional disorder have suffered several changes in the last centuries.ObjectivesWe aim to review the evolution of the criteria for delusional disorder across the editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).MethodsReview of DSM editions.ResultsCriteria for the diagnosis of “paranoia” (DSM III) or “delusional disorder” (DSM III-IV.V) underwent several changes. In the first editions hallucinations could not be prominent (DSM-III-IIIR) and in the DSM IV, only tactile or olfactory hallucinations related to delusions could be present. In DSM-V hallucinations of other modalities related to the delusional theme can be present. Regarding delusional themes, the first edition of the DSM III regarded persecutory delusions only – which was changed in the DSM-III-R, with the inclusion of grandiose, jealous, erotomaniac, and somatic. Only in the DSM-V did the occurrence of bizarre delusions become possible in delusional disorder. Across the editions, there is a consensus about the absence of negative symptoms, absence of disorganized speech, and that the behavior is not odd aside from delusional content.ConclusionsThe most debatable symptoms across centuries in the classification of delusional disorders were: presence of hallucinations, the nature of the delusional content, and inclusion of bizarre delusions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.