bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement and quantum correlations in the XX spin-1/2 honeycomb lattice
Authors: Satoori Sahar , Mahdavifar Saeed , Vahedi Javad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ground state phase diagram of the dimerized spin-1/2 XX honeycomb model in presence of a transverse magnetic field (TF) is known. With the absence of the magnetic field, two quantum phases, namely, the Néel and the dimerized phases have been identified. Moreover, canted Néel and the paramagnetic (PM) phases also emerge by applying the magnetic field. In this paper, using two powerful numerical exact techniques, Lanczos exact diagonalization, and Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods, we study this model by focusing on the quantum correlations, the concurrence, and the quantum discord (QD) among nearest-neighbor spins. We show that the quantum correlations can capture the position of the quantum critical points in the whole range of the ground state phase diagram consistent with previous results. Although the concurrence and the QD are short-range, informative about long-ranged critical correlations. In addition, we address a ”magnetic-entanglement” behavior that starts from an entangled field around the saturation field.
A divide-and-conquer approach for genomic prediction in rubber tree using machine learning
Authors: Aono Alexandre Hild , Francisco Felipe Roberto , Souza Livia Moura , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza , Scaloppi Junior Erivaldo J. , Le Guen Vincent , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Gorjanc Gregor , Quiles Marcos Gonçalves , de Souza Anete Pereira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the main feedstock for commercial rubber; however, its long vegetative cycle has hindered the development of more productive varieties via breeding programs. With the availability ofH. brasiliensisgenomic data, several linkage maps with associated quantitative trait loci have been constructed and suggested as a tool for marker-assisted selection. Nonetheless, novel genomic strategies are still needed, and genomic selection (GS) may facilitate rubber tree breeding programs aimed at reducing the required cycles for performance assessment. Even though such a methodology has already been shown to be a promising tool for rubber tree breeding, increased model predictive capabilities and practical application are still needed. Here, we developed a novel machine learning-based approach for predicting rubber tree stem circumference based on molecular markers. Through a divide-and-conquer strategy, we propose a neural network prediction system with two stages: (1) subpopulation prediction and (2) phenotype estimation. This approach yielded higher accuracies than traditional statistical models in a single-environment scenario. By delivering large accuracy improvements, our methodology represents a powerful tool for use inHeveaGS strategies. Therefore, the incorporation of machine learning techniques into rubber tree GS represents an opportunity to build more robust models and optimizeHeveabreeding programs.
Incidence and predictors of brain infarction in neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational cohort study
Authors: Kopfer Sarah , Iacobelli Riccardo , Wood Sara , Lindblad Caroline , Thelin Eric Peter , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander , Broman Lars Mikael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo determine the incidence and identify predictors of brain infarctions (BI) in neonatal patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We performed a retrospective cohort study at ECMO Centre Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden. Logistic regression models were used to identify BI predictors. Neonates (age 0–28 days) treated with veno-arterial (VA) or veno-venous (VV) ECMO between 2010 and 2018. The primary outcome was a computed tomography (CT) verified BI diagnosed during ECMO treatment. In total, 223 patients were included, 102 patients (46%) underwent at least one brain CT and 27 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a BI. BI diagnosis was associated with increased 30-day mortality (48% vs. 18%). High pre-ECMO Pediatric Index of Mortality score, sepsis as the indication for ECMO treatment, VA ECMO, conversion between ECMO modes, use of continuous renal replacement therapy, and extracranial thrombosis were identified as independent predictors of BI development. The incidence of BI in neonatal ECMO patients may be higher than previously understood. Risk factor identification may help initiate steps to lower the risk or facilitate earlier diagnosis of BI in neonates undergoing ECMO treatment.
Low glutamate diet improves working memory and contributes to altering BOLD response and functional connectivity within working memory networks in Gulf War Illness
Authors: Langan Mackenzie T. , Kirkland Anna E. , Rice Laura C. , Mucciarone Veronica C. , Baraniuk James , VanMeter Ashley , Holton Kathleen F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGulf War Illness is a chronic multi-symptom disorder with severe cognitive impairments which may be related to glutamate excitotoxicity and central nervous system dysfunction. The low glutamate diet has been proposed as a comprehensive intervention for Gulf War Illness. We examined the effects of the low glutamate diet on verbal working memory using a fMRI N-back task. Accuracy, whole-brain blood oxygen level dependency (BOLD) response, and task-based functional connectivity were assessed at baseline and after 1 month on the diet (N = 24). Multi-voxel pattern analysis identified regions of whole-brain BOLD pattern differences after the diet to be used as seeds for subsequent seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses. Verbal working memory accuracy improved after the diet (+ 13%; p = 0.006). Whole-brain BOLD signal changes were observed, revealing lower activation within regions of the frontoparietal network and default mode network after the low glutamate diet. Multi-voxel pattern analysis resulted in 3 clusters comprising parts of the frontoparietal network (clusters 1 and 2) and ventral attention network (cluster 3). The seed-to-voxel analyses identified significant functional connectivity changes post-diet for clusters 1 and 2 (peak p < 0.001, cluster FDR p < 0.05). Relative to baseline, clusters 1 and 2 had decreased functional connectivity with regions in the ventral attention and somatomotor networks. Cluster 2 also had increased functional connectivity with regions of the default mode and frontoparietal networks. These findings suggest that among veterans with Gulf War Illness, the low glutamate diet improves verbal working memory accuracy, alters BOLD response, and alters functional connectivity within two networks central to working memory.
Patterns of microbial resistance in bloodstream infections of hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study from Palestine
Authors: AbuTaha Shatha A. , Al-Kharraz Tasbeeh , Belkebir Souad , Abu Taha Adham , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBloodstream infections (BSIs) are a prominent cause of death and hospitalization among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) is making the management of these infections more challenging. This study describes the clinical characteristics, microbial profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with BSIs. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at An-Najah National University Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. Clinical and demographic data regarding BSIs were collected from the hospital information system. Data regarding bacterial isolates and the antimicrobial resistance of BSIs were collected from the microbiology lab. Data were entered and analyzed using version 21 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (IBM-SPSS). 111 BSIs occurred during the study period, with a rate of 1.5 infections per 100 patient-months. These patients had been on HD for the median duration of 747 (360, 1825) days and 62.2% had already had a BSI before the study period. 118 microorganisms were isolated; 99 (83.89%) were gram-positive and 19 (16.1%) were gram-negative. Among the gram-positive isolates, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (88, 74.57%) were predominant. As for the gram-negative isolates, the most frequent were both Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli, with five (4.23%) positive cultures each. Among the latter, two were Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing (ESBL) (1.69%). The most frequently used empiric antibiotics were a combination of vancomycin and gentamicin (27%), followed by vancomycin alone (24.3%). Regarding gram-positive isolates, vancomycin was the most frequently used and effective antibiotic after cultures, whereas for gram-negative bacteria, it was found to be gentamicin. MDROs were defined as those resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. 89 (75.4%) isolates were found to be MDRO, 85 (85.85%) gram-positive bacteria and 4 (21%) gram-negative bacteria. When comparing patients according to the type of vascular access, 66 (75%) infections with MDRO were found among patients with central venous catheters (CVCs). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the type of vascular access and infection with MDRO (p = 0.523). MDRO cause a remarkably high proportion of BSIs in Palestinian patients. The results of this study support the empiric use of vancomycin and gentamicin to treat these infections. It is vital that health care providers prevent these infections via instituting and adhering to infection control policies in hemodialysis centers and providing proper antibiotic therapy of limited use and duration when necessary to avoid breeding resistance.
Dark plumes of glacial meltwater affect vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Arctic
Authors: Szeligowska Marlena , Trudnowska Emilia , Boehnke Rafał , Błachowiak-Samołyk Katarzyna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn polar regions, the release of glacial meltwater resulting in turbid plumes is expected to transform coastal waters with numerous consequences on the marine ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the influence of turbidity regimes on the vertical distribution of copepods together with their potential food (chlorophyll a fluorescence) and non-visual predators (gelatinous zooplankton). Hydrography, turbidity, suspended particulate matter and chlorophyll a were studied in July and August 2019 in West Spitsbergen waters (European Arctic). Fine-scale vertical distribution patterns of zooplankton were assessed by an optical counter (LOPC) and underwater camera (UVP) and verified by plankton nets. In waters with the shallow impact of dark plumes, Calanus spp. and gelatinous zooplankton were concentrated in the upper water layers, whereas in areas with a thick turbid layer, they were distributed evenly in the water column. However, chlorophyll a peaks were found to be restricted to the surface in the turbid waters and there were subsurface maxima in the shallow turbidity regime. Regardless of the region, the turbidity regime was a significant factor shaping the vertical distribution of Calanus spp. We speculate that similar trends might be observed in other rapidly emerging turbid ecosystems and urge that future plankton research should also include relatively simple turbidity measurements.
Dynamics of post-occlusion water diffusion in stratum corneum
Authors: Argatov Ivan , Roosen-Runge Felix , Kocherbitov Vitaly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiffusion of water through membranes presents a considerable challenge, as the diffusivity often depends on the local concentration of water. One particular example with strong biological relevance is the stratum corneum (SC) as the primary permeability barrier for the skin. A simple alternative for the constant diffusivity model is provided by the Fujita’s two-parameter rational approximation, which captures the experimentally observed fact that the SC diffusion constant for water increases with increasing the water concentration. Based on Fick’s law of diffusion, a one-dimensional concentration-dependent diffusion model is developed and applied for the analysis of both the steady-state transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the non-steady-state so-called skin surface water loss (SSWL) occurred after removal of an occlusion patch from the SC surface. It is shown that some of the age-related changes in the SSWL can be qualitatively explained by the variation of the dimensionless Fujita concentration-dependence parameter.
All-optical switching in epsilon-near-zero asymmetric directional coupler
Authors: Sha Yanhua , Xie Ze Tao , Wu Jiaye , Fu H. Y. , Li Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose an all-optical switch based on an asymmetric directional coupler structure with epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) layer. The nonlinear optical properties the of ENZ layer are analyzed by hot-electron dynamics process, and the all-optical operating performance of the switch on the silicon nitride platform is investigated. It is found that the pump-induced refractive index change in ENZ layer gives rise to a transfer of signal light in the optical system. We demonstrate that the proposed switch design features an insertion loss of < 2.7 dB, low crosstalk of < − 18.93 dB, and sub-pico-second response time at the communication wavelength of 1.55 μm. With ultrafast response, high performance, and simple structure, the device provides new possibilities for all-optical communication and signal processing.
Variational multiscale reinforcement learning for discovering reduced order closure models of nonlinear spatiotemporal transport systems
Authors: San Omer , Pawar Suraj , Rasheed Adil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA central challenge in the computational modeling and simulation of a multitude of science applications is to achieve robust and accurate closures for their coarse-grained representations due to underlying highly nonlinear multiscale interactions. These closure models are common in many nonlinear spatiotemporal systems to account for losses due to reduced order representations, including many transport phenomena in fluids. Previous data-driven closure modeling efforts have mostly focused on supervised learning approaches using high fidelity simulation data. On the other hand, reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful yet relatively uncharted method in spatiotemporally extended systems. In this study, we put forth a modular dynamic closure modeling and discovery framework to stabilize the Galerkin projection based reduced order models that may arise in many nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamical systems with quadratic nonlinearity. However, a key element in creating a robust RL agent is to introduce a feasible reward function, which can be constituted of any difference metrics between the RL model and high fidelity simulation data. First, we introduce a multi-modal RL to discover mode-dependant closure policies that utilize the high fidelity data in rewarding our RL agent. We then formulate a variational multiscale RL (VMRL) approach to discover closure models without requiring access to the high fidelity data in designing the reward function. Specifically, our chief innovation is to leverage variational multiscale formalism to quantify the difference between modal interactions in Galerkin systems. Our results in simulating the viscous Burgers equation indicate that the proposed VMRL method leads to robust and accurate closure parameterizations, and it may potentially be used to discover scale-aware closure models for complex dynamical systems.
Association of social disengagement with health status and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults: evidence from the Otassha study
Authors: Ejiri Manami , Kawai Hisashi , Ito Kumiko , Hirano Hirohiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examined the impact of disengagement on health status and mortality among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Disengagement from society was operationally defined as dropping out of a longitudinal survey. A follow-up mail survey was conducted, in 2014, among respondents (n = 3696) of the baseline mail survey. Step-by-step follow-up surveys (FLs), including simplified mail, postcard, and home-visit surveys, were sent to participants who did not respond. Disengagement levels were defined according to the response to the FLs as zero (mail survey), low (simplified mail survey), middle (postcard survey), high (home-visit survey), and highest (non-responders to the home-visit survey). After adjusting for health status at baseline, the proportion of respondents self-rated as “not healthy” during FLs was significantly higher in the high-level than in the zero-level group. The proportion of respondents reporting a “once a week or less” frequency of going outdoors during FLs was significantly higher in the low-, middle-, and high-level groups than in the zero-level group. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the high and highest levels than in the zero-level group. Higher disengagement levels increased the risk of lower health status and mortality, suggesting an urgent need to prevent societal disengagement among older adults.
Clinical observation of diminished bone quality and quantity through longitudinal HR-pQCT-derived remodeling and mechanoregulation
Authors: Collins Caitlyn J. , Atkins Penny R. , Ohs Nicholas , Blauth Michael , Lippuner Kurt , Müller Ralph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) provides methods for quantifying volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitecture necessary for early diagnosis of bone disease. When combined with a longitudinal imaging protocol and finite element analysis, HR-pQCT can be used to assess bone formation and resorption (i.e., remodeling) and the relationship between this remodeling and mechanical loading (i.e., mechanoregulation) at the tissue level. Herein, 25 patients with a contralateral distal radius fracture were imaged with HR-pQCT at baseline and 9–12 months follow-up: 16 patients were prescribed vitamin D3 with/without calcium supplement based on a blood biomarker measures of bone metabolism and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry image-based measures of normative bone quantity which indicated diminishing (n = 9) or poor (n = 7) bone quantity and 9 were not. To evaluate the sensitivity of this imaging protocol to microstructural changes, HR-pQCT images were registered for quantification of bone remodeling and image-based micro-finite element analysis was then used to predict local bone strains and derive rules for mechanoregulation. Remodeling volume fractions were predicted by both average values of trabecular and cortical thickness and bone mineral density (R2 > 0.8), whereas mechanoregulation was affected by dominance of the arm and group classification (p < 0.05). Overall, longitudinal, extended HR-pQCT analysis enabled the identification of changes in bone quantity and quality too subtle for traditional measures.
A method for estimating magnetic target location by employing total field and its gradients data
Authors: You Haidong , Li Jindong , Xu Jun , Xu Jian , Ning Tigang , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a magnetic target localization method by measurement of total field and its spatial gradients. We deduce an approximate formula of the target’s bearing vector expressed by the total field and its gradients. The total field and its gradient can be measured by a scalar magnetometer array and the approximate value of the bearing vector can be calculated. An iterative method is introduced to improve the localization accuracy of the magnetic target. Simulations experiments have been done to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the relative errors of the bearing vector estimated by the iterative method can be kept below the level of 5%. In addition, when difference root-mean-square (RMS) noise is added to the magnetometers, the relative errors of the bearing vector only vary from 0.8 to 6%, which indicates that the proposed method has a high tolerance to the noise of the magnetometers.
Experimental study on the mechanism of ice layer formation in fractured rock masses in cold regions
Authors: Wang Liping , Dong Zhuxu , Li Ning , Wang Wenli , Tian Yanzhe , Xu Shuanhai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe formation and growth of ice layers in fractured rock masses is one of the main causes of frost weathering in bedrock in cold regions. The mechanism of ice layer formation in fractured rock masses was simulated in this study by conducting frost weathering tests on a simulated rock mass with a vertical through fracture, which was fabricated by splicing two cement blocks. The test results were used to propose a novel mechanism for ice layer formation in terms of the initial crack-frost effect in which moisture mainly migrates in vapor form. The continuous accumulation and growth of these frosts eventually forms an ice layer that expands the crack, and the fractured rock simulation model undergoes frost-heaving damage. The frost layer on the rock wall in the negative temperature region is similar to the frosting process on the cold surface of thermodynamic studies. The relative humidity (RH) gradient and temperature gradient were shown to be the factors affecting water vapor migration, where the former plays a direct and dominant role, and the temperature gradient has a very limited direct effect on vapor migration.
In vivo assessment of mitral valve leaflet remodelling following myocardial infarction
Authors: Rego Bruno V. , Khalighi Amir H. , Lai Eric K. , Gorman Robert C. , Gorman Joseph H. , Sacks Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEach year, more than 40,000 people undergo mitral valve (MV) repair surgery domestically to treat regurgitation caused by myocardial infarction (MI). Although continual MV tissue remodelling following repair is believed to be a major contributor to regurgitation recurrence, the effects of the post-MI state on MV remodelling remain poorly understood. This lack of understanding limits our ability to predict the remodelling of the MV both post-MI and post-surgery to facilitate surgical planning. As a necessary first step, the present study was undertaken to noninvasively quantify the effects of MI on MV remodelling in terms of leaflet geometry and deformation. MI was induced in eight adult Dorset sheep, and real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic (rt-3DE) scans were collected pre-MI as well as at 0, 4, and 8 weeks post-MI. A previously validated image-based morphing pipeline was used to register corresponding open- and closed-state scans and extract local in-plane strains throughout the leaflet surface at systole. We determined that MI induced permanent changes in leaflet dimensions in the diastolic configuration, which increased with time to 4 weeks, then stabilised. MI substantially affected the systolic shape of the MV, and the range of stretch experienced by the MV leaflet at peak systole was substantially reduced when referred to the current time-point. Interestingly, when we referred the leaflet strains to the pre-MI configuration, the systolic strains remained very similar throughout the post-MI period. Overall, we observed that post-MI ventricular remodeling induced permanent changes in the MV leaflet shape. This predominantly affected the MV’s diastolic configuration, leading in turn to a significant decrease in the range of stretch experienced by the leaflet when referenced to the current diastolic configuration. These findings are consistent with our previous work that demonstrated increased plastic (i.e. non-recoverable) leaflet deformations post-MI, that was completely accounted for by the associated changes in collagen fiber structure. Moreover, we demonstrated through noninvasive methods that the state of the MV leaflet can elucidate the progression and extent of MV adaptation following MI and is thus highly relevant to the design of current and novel patient specific minimally invasive surgical repair strategies.