bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Insect Control with Foliar Sprays, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uncut 'Pungo' Irish potatoes (size B) were planted, 10-in spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jul 24. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were on Aug 21, 28; Sep 5, 12, 21; Oct 2, 12, 19 and 26. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments; the number of potato beetle larvae, beet armyworms and European corn borers were recorded/10 hills of potatoes. Efficacy against the leafminers was determined by counting the total number of mines/10 hills. The potatoes were harvested on Nov 14.
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1979
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted 25 May, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized In complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from 17 July. Insecticides were applied Jul 20, Aug 1, Aug 15, Aug 30, and Sep 14, in 100 gal water/acre at ca. 200 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Coun Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except that no postspray count was made after the Jul 20 application.
Apple, Apple Aphid Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 9-yr-old apple trees on Jun 28 at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of ca. 200 gal/A. The fungicide cover program (rates as/100 gal) during the course of this experiment consisted of captan 80W (.625 lb) + Benlate 50W (2 oz) which was sprayed on the trees on Jul 2 and 16. There were no tank-mixtures of insecticides with fungicides. There were 2 single-tree replications/treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 'Mcintosh' culfivars/treatment. Prior to treatment, 10 succulent terminal vegetative shoots (5 with high aphid counts and 5 with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 3 to 6 ft. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves on each tagged terminal shoot. Aphid population pressure was somewhat severe. Jul was hot and dry except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, and 17.
Insect Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Kee Edward , Graustein Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots of 4-rows by 40-ft in length were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Plots were located in a commercial field, planted Apr 6, near Leipsic, DE. Treatments were applied every 14 days beginning May 29 and ending Jul 24. These foliar sprays were applied with a wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer with a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles per row) delivering 43 gallons/acre at 40 psi. Maneb fungicide was applied with each spray to all of the plots except the check and the Temik. The Temik was applied on Apr 6 at planting. The numbers of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae were counted on May 29, Jun 8, and Jun 19 per 10 hills and on Jun 28, Jul 5 and Jul 16 per 6 ft of row. European corn borer and Green peach aphid populations were very low and as a result no significant data were obtained. Potatoes were harvested from the middle two rows, graded, and yield data obtained on Aug 13. Yield data was based on the total weight of the samples (all grades).
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Contro, 1979
Authors: Mouzin T. E. , Chaney W. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Superior' Irish potatoes were planted Apr 20 in 3-row plots 20-ft long in Lyles fine sandy loam soil. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Jun 5, 13, 19 and 25; Jul 3 and 10 except that aldicarb was applied as a side-dress application on May 1 and immediately turned under. Sprays were applied with a 3 row, tractor mounted boom sprayer operating at 60 psi and delivering 37 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row.
Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1982:
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Sun-up' cabbage was transplanted to the field in Sunderland, MA on May 10. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb/acre on May 4. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. There were two 21-ft rows per plot and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on a 3-ft row spacing and were made with a 2 liter CO2 pressurized sprayer at 80 gal of water/acre and 40 psi. All chemical treatments were applied on May 19 and Amaze 6E at 0.5 lb ai/acre was applied again on Jun 3. Number of plants surviving and number of plants infested by cabbage maggot were determined for each treatment on Jun 15.
Cabbage Looper Control in Collards, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Vates' collards were planted Jun 15 in 3 ft rows. Plots consisted of single rows, 25 ft long and were bordered on each side by an untreated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar applications were made with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 50 gal water/acre (40 psi). Foliar applications were made on Aug 11, 17, 24, 31, and Sep 7. The number of cabbage loopers was recorded for 5 plants chosen from the center of each plot on Aug 26. Foliage injury ratings were made on Sep 2 using a 0-5 scale as follows: 0) no damage; 1) slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2) visible feeding with 5-10% defoliation; 3) moderate damage, 10-25% defoliation; 4) heavy damage, 25-50% defoliation; 5) severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards with Nuclear Polyhedrosis and Granulosis Viruses and Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1982
Authors: Tompkins George J. , Linduska James J. , Young Janet M. , Dougherty Edward M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Vates' collards were direct seeded in 3 row plots 20 ft long on Jul 8. Plants were spaced 4-6 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each row was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk 'A' loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 0.5 liter of water and applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. Because the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses do not infest the imported cabbageworm, the granulosis virus was sprayed so that damage primarily from cabbage looper could be assessed. Treatments of the Pieris rapae granulosis virus were applied on Aug 10, 17, 24, 31 and Sep 7. Treatments of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, Lannate, and Pydrin were applied on Aug 17, 24, 31 and Sep 7. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as foI lows: (1) 0-3% damage = odd holes on leaves; (2) 4-10% damage = few leaves with holes; (3) 11-25% damage = moderate number of leaves with holes; (4) 26-50% damage = most leaves with holes; and (5) 51-100% damage = crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Control of Late Season Worms on Silking Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn used in this study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. The entire block had received one application of Lannate 1.8L at 0.9 lb. ai/acre while in the whorl stage to prevent excessive damage by the fall armyworm before the crop reached the silking stage. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Spray treatments were applied to the silk area of the ears beginning at approximately 10% silk stage on Sep 9. The applications were repeated on Sep 10 and 14. The sprays were applied using a 1-gal B & G CO pressurized sprayer at a rate of 42 gal of spray per acre and directing the spray to both sides of the row. Evaluations were maxle on Sep 28 by examining 25 ears from each replicate for the presence of worms and/or feeding damage.
Simulated Home Garden Insecticidal Trials for Control of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Harper J. D. , Herbert D. A. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn tests were conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticulture Substation at Cullman, Al on an early-season planting of Buttersweet corn, and on a mid-season planting of Silver Queen. Plots were 3 rows (44-inch centers) x 10 ft. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Liquid formulations were applied to early-season test plots with a compressed-air garden sprayer delivering 30 gpa, and to mid-season test plots with a CO2pressurized Hudson sprayer delivering 17.5 gpa. Dust applications were made using a hand operated whirlwind duster delivering 5 lb/acre. All applications were made by walking along each side of each row and directing the spray or dust at the level of, and toward the ears. The early-season test received 3 applications, at 5 day intervals , beginning at initial silking , Jun 25. The mid-season test received applications from Jul 29 through Aug 17 at either 1, 3, or 5 day intervals. Treatment efficacy was determined through damage ratings and larval counts on 20 ears per plot. Ears were shucked, examined for larvae, and rated by the following 1-6 scale: 1 = clean; 2 = slight silk or tip damage; 3 = tip damage of &lt;1.5 inch; 4 = tip damage of &gt;1.5 inch; 5 = side damage; 6 = tip and side damage. Mean damage ratings and larval counts were analyzed using the ANOVA test and compared using Duncan’s multiple range test.
Corn Earworm, Fall Armyworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted on Jun 17 and Jun 29, respectively, in single-row plots 10 ft long on 42-inch centers with 5 ft alleys between replications at McGee’s Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Granular treatments were applied preplant incorporated in-furrow to a sandy mineral soil with an organic matter content of 2.5% and pH 5.9. Soil temperature was 75 and soil moisture was slightly below field capacity. Initial foliar treatments were directed to the whorl on Jul 19, with 4 subsequent treatments on Jul 22, 27, Aug 3 and 7. Treatments were directed to the ear zone for 9 applications on Aug 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 23, 25, 28 and Sep 1.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted near Benson, NC on May 12 and May 21 respectively. Single-row plots were 10 ft long on 42-inch centers with 7-ft alleys between replications. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Initial treatments were based on black light insect trap counts in excess of 5 moths per trap per night and direct field observation of eggs on silking corn. Initial treatment was Jul 14, with 6 subsequent treatments Jul 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, and 29. All applications were directed to the ear zone at the rate equivalent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested and divided into 3 damage classes. Corn earworm pressure was extremely light.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Story R. N. , Riley E. G. , Sundstrom F. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three varieties of corn (Bonanza, Jubilee, and Silver Queen) were planted at the Louisiana State University Ben Hur Research Station in the Spring of 1981. Four separate plantings of all 3 corn varieties were made on Feb 26 (early planting), Mar 27 (recommended), and Apr 22 (late) using both conventional tillage and non-tillage. Corn was planted in 4-ft-wide rows with ca 1 ft spacing. A split plot experimental design (4 replications) was used with corn variety as the whole plot and insecticide treatment as the subplot. The experimental unit was a single row of corn 40 ft in length. Insecticides were applied by hand to silks until run off with a Chapin compressed air sprayer with a hollow cone spray tip. Applications were made from silk emergence until harvest by examining 20 ears per experimental unit for earworm damage.
Fall Armyworm Mortality from Treatments to Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Harmony’ was planted Jun 21 (Test 1) and Jul 8 (Test 2) in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2 row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied through a Gandy applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at a ground speed of 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4-inch bander to the centers of plants in the mid-whorl stage of development. Foliar spray treatments were applied at the mid-whorl stage with a high-clearance sprayer through 3 nozzles (D-2 hollow cone)/row, dispensing 42 gal/acre at 100 psi. Treatments were applied to Test 1 and 2 on Aug 4 and 23, respectively, and evaluated 7 day post application. Treatment efficacy was determined by randomly selecting 25 infested plants/replicate, recording the number of dead and live larvae, and converting to % kill after adjustment for check mortality.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control in Eggplant, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Florida Hibush’ eggplants were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 14. Single row plots were 12 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 21 and 28; Jul 19; Aug 6 and 26; Sep 7. Plant defoliation ratings were recorded Jul 2 and Aug 25. Mature fruit were harvested on Jul 26; Aug 4 and 25; Sep 14; Oct 12. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by Colorado potato beetle feeding. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Insect Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Black Jet’ eggplant was transplanted in single row plots 15 ft long on May 22 near Benson, NC. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between replications. Treflan (0.5 lb ai/acre) was incorporated preplant. Treatments were applied weekly from Jun 6 to Sep 5 for a total of 15 applications. Applications were made using a single hollow cone nozzle on a piston pump sprayer operated at 40 psi at a rate equivalent to 100 gal of water per acre. Colorado potato beetle and flea beetle counts were made on 3 plants per plot on Jun 27, Jul 17, 31, and Aug 14. Damage ratings for Colorado potato beetle and flea beetle were made on Aug 14. Fruit was harvested weekly from Jul 1 to Sep 1. Total fruit per plot were counted and graded for quality based on shape, color, and insect damage.
European Corn Borer Control on Green Pepper, 1982
Authors: Corredor D. , Vondal D. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peppers were transplanted Jun 2 at the University of Massachusetts Research Farm, Sunderland, MA. Each plot was 1 row, 22.5 ft long with 18 inches between plants. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The insecticides were applied on Aug 12. 19, 26 and Sep 2 with a 2 liter CO2sprayer at 75 gal/acre and 55 psi. European corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial size peppers from eacn plot on Sep 9 and examining them for injury.
Wireworm Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie , Baird Craig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted Apr 16 at the Malheur, Oregon experiment station in silt loam soil. Chemicals were hand mixed into the soil covering the tubers to simulate an at-planting machine application. Treatments were replicated in 2-row 30 ft furrow irrigated plots with 36 inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. All tubers from each plot were harvested, weighed, and examined for injuries.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Irish Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. ‘Katahdin’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 3 ft apart on May 21. Each plot consisted of two 47 ft rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The plots were separated by 2 buffer rows that had been treated with Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre in the seed furrow at planting time. Spray applications were made on Jul 13, 23, and Aug 2, 13, and 24 with a B & G CO2pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand-held boom with 4 nozzles which covered 2 rows at a time. Control was determined on Jul 27 and Sep 2 by counting the live larvae and adults in each plot (94 ft row) that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage.
Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1980
Authors: Dripps James E. , Smilowitz Zane , Yocum John O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory, Lancaster County, PA a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Plots consisted of four 24 ft rows planted 34 inches apart. Certified, Class B ‘Norchip’ seed potatoes were planted on May 8, with a 9 inch spacing between plants. Two rows of corn were planted along each plot to reduce drift. Temik 15 G (3.0 lb ai/acre) was applied in furrow at planting. Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb ai/acre on a 5-7 day schedule for potato late blight control. Pirimor 50 WP was applied early in the season to eliminate green peach aphid (Myzus persicaeSulz.) populations. The foliar insecticides were applied Jul 3, 21, Aug 13, and 28 with a Myers air blast sprayer in 50 gal of water per acre at 200 psi. Ten stems per plot were sampled each wk for all stages of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) beginning Jun 29. A subjective damage estimate was also assessed, 1 for little or no damage through, 5 for more than 75% defoliation. Two rows per plot were harvested Sep 22 and graded by size. Rainfall totalled 5.03 inches for Jun, 3.65 inches for Jul, and 2.64 inches for Aug. Maximum and minimum average daily temperatures (0F) were 80.5 and 53.5 for Jun, 87.8 and 61.9 for Jul and 87.8 and 62.5 for Aug. Approximately 0.74 inches of rain followed the Jul 21 application, and temperatures were above 85 F on this date and Aug 25 which may have effected efficacy of these compounds.
Peach, Control of Late Season Oriental Fruit Moth, 1982
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 5-year-old peach block, variety N.J. 193. Three trees arranged in a randomized block design were used for each treatment. Sprays were applied on Jul 27, Aug 13, Aug 30, and Sep 12, which spanned broods 3 and 4 of OFM. Sprays were applied to run-off, ca 2 gal per tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Treatments were evaluated by cutting open 50 fruit per replicate on Sep 24 and checking for the presence of 4th generation larvae.
Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1982.
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Baird Craig R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes (planted Apr 21 at Kimberly, ID) were sprayed to control Colorado potato beetle on Jul 9. Applications were made with a CO2pressurized back-pack broadcast sprayer. Spray pressure was 30 psi to apply 25 gal H20/acre using Spraying Systems 8004 flat fan nozzles. Plot size was 2 rows (6 ft) x 20 ft. Nine treatments and an untreated checx were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Beetle larvae were counted 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after application. Counts were taken by recording the number of larvae visible in the center 15 ft of both rows of the plot, or, the number of larvae visible in 30 ft of row.
Foliar Spray to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) on Tomato, 1982
Authors: Vondal D.J. , Ferro D.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Jet Star’ tomato seedlings were transplanted Jun 11 into the field in Sunderland, MA. The soil type was a sandy loam. Treatment plots consisted of two 18-ft rows spaced 4 ft apart with 8 plants per row. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a 3 gal stainless-steel backpack sprayer at 60 gal/acre. Treatments were applied Jun 23. Direct counts were taken to evaluate adult CPB control on all plants in each treatment plot on Jun 25.
Control of Insects on Tomato in West Florida, Spring, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 2, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8 inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 1, 12, 19, 27, May 5, 12, 19, 26, and Jun 3 with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 125-200 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On Apr 27 after the foliage dried, 5 fully expanded leaflets were excised from each plot which had been sprayed with water (check), Lannate or Sok (Bacillusthuringiensisvar kurstakiBerliner) and placed on water-moistened filter paper on the bottoms of 2 inch diameter plastic cups. Mve first instar beet armyworm larvae were placed in each cup and the cups were sealed. The cups and larvae were placed in a room at ca 80°F and 14-h photoperiod for 3 days at which time the numbers of apparently healthy, dead and moribund larvae were counted. On May 5, another sample of excised foliage was bioassayed with first instar beet armyworm larvae. On May 12, 14, and 17, excised foliage samples were bioassayed as before using first instar tomato pinworm larvae. Percent mortality (dead plus moribund) was calculated for each post-treatment bioassay and corrected for natural mortality according to Abbott’s formula. Percentage data were transformed arcsine (%)(.01) prior to analysis but data are presented in the original scale. The number of undamaged fruit and number of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm and tomato fruitworm) and those damaged by southern green stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on May 24, Jun 1, and 8. On Jun 10, 5 plants per plot were cut and shaken and the number of dislodged southern green stink bug nymphs and adults was counted.