bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of head flexion posture in patients with dysphagia
Authors: Nagura Hirotaka , Kagaya Hitoshi , Inamoto Yoko , Shibata Seiko , Ozeki Megumi , Otaka Yohei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe chin‐down posture is often used as a compensatory manoeuvre for patients with dysphagia. This posture presumably involves flexion of the head and/or neck, but this is not clearly defined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of head flexion posture in a retrospective study of videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF).MethodsA total of 73 patients who underwent VF both with and without head flexion posture in the lateral projection were included in the analysis. The head and neck angles at the initiation of the swallowing reflex, penetration–aspiration scale (PAS), nasopharyngeal closure time, stage transition duration, duration of laryngeal closure, time from swallowing reflex to laryngeal closure and to the opening of upper oesophageal sphincter (UES), duration of UES opening, location of the bolus leading edge at swallowing reflex, and bolus transition time were evaluated.ResultsThe head flexion angle increased (p < 0.001), but the neck flexion angle did not change in the head flexion posture. Moreover, PAS improved (p < 0.001), aspiration was reduced (p < 0.001), the time between the swallowing reflex and the onset of laryngeal closure was shortened (p = 0.006), and the leading edge of the bolus at swallowing reflex became shallower (p = 0.004) in the head flexion posture. Other parameters did not significantly change.ConclusionThe head flexion posture resulted in earlier laryngeal closure and a shallower position of the leading bolus edge at swallowing reflex, resulting in PAS improvement and decreased aspiration.
Retrospective evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 68 dogs
Authors: Schober Karsten E. , Fox Phillip R. , Abbott Jonathan , Côté Etienne , Luis‐Fuentes Virginia , Matos Jose Novo , Stern Joshua A. , Visser Lance , Scollan Katherine F. , Chetboul Valerie , Schrope Donald , Glaus Tony , Santilli Roberto , Pariaut Romain , Stepien Rebecca , Arqued‐Soubeyran Vanessa , Baron Toaldo Marco , Estrada Amara , MacDonald Kristin , Karlin Emily T. , Rush John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival in dogs with HCM.AnimalsSixty‐eight client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study. Medical records were searched between 2003 and 2015. The diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was made by echocardiographic examination.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐five dogs with LV hypertrophy were identified, of which 277 were excluded. The remaining 68 dogs were 0.3 to 14 years old and predominantly <10 kg (85%), and without a sex predilection. Twenty‐four % were Shih Tzu and 24% terrier breeds. Most (80%) had a systolic heart murmur. Owner‐determined exercise intolerance (37%) and syncope (18%) were most commonly reported signs. The majority (84%) of dogs had symmetrical LV hypertrophy, whereas asymmetrical septal and LV free wall hypertrophy was observed in 9% and 6% of dogs, respectively. Isolated basal interventricular septal hypertrophy was not observed. Commonly recorded were systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (60%) and LV diastolic dysfunction (89% of dogs where diastolic function was evaluated). Six dogs died unexpectedly, and 3 developed congestive heart failure. Known survival times were between 1 day and 114 months after diagnosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis if LV hypertrophy is identified. Small breed dogs are overrepresented, and it is uncommon for dogs with HCM to develop CHF although sudden death can occur.
BP180NC16a autoantibody positivity may predict low‐risk mucous membrane pemphigoid
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to explore the clinical characteristics of BP180NC16a autoantibody‐positive mucous membrane pemphigoid.Subjects and methodsData from 22 patients were collected by retrospective chart review. For the detection of BP180NC16a autoantibody, a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay kit was used. The patients were classified into the following clinical phenotypes: low‐risk patients who had lesions only in the oral mucosa or in the oral mucosa and skin and high‐risk patients who had lesions in the oral mucosa and any of the following sites: the eyes, upper respiratory tract, or esophagus.ResultsEleven of the 22 patients (50%) were BP180NC16a‐positive at the time of diagnosis. All the positive patients were in the low‐risk group. There was a significant difference in the incidence of low‐risk mucous membrane pemphigoid between BP180NC16a autoantibody‐positive and BP180NC16a autoantibody‐negative patients (p = 0.004). Patients' age, disease duration, and oral disease activity scores were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionBP180NC16a reactivity was associated with the clinical phenotype characterized by only oral mucosal lesions or combined oral mucosal and skin lesions. BP180NC16a autoantibody might be useful as a serum marker to predict low‐risk mucous membrane pemphigoid.
Correction of moderate to high refractive astigmatism with extended range toric soft contact lenses in patients with different patterns of astigmatism
Authors: Harbiyeli Ibrahim Inan , Gul Olke Kubra , Erdem Elif , Yagmur Meltem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the visual performance of extended range, toric soft contact lenses (TSCLs) in patients with keratoconus and moderate to high astigmatism with different astigmatic patterns.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional clinical study. Extended range TSCL users with astigmatism ≥3.0 D were included. Cases were categorised into three subgroups, namely regular, irregular (non‐keratoconus) and keratoconic based on the topographic pattern of astigmatism. In addition, subjects were subdivided based on the degree of astigmatism.ResultsFifty five patients (82 eyes) were enrolled, of whom 28 (51%) were female. The mean age was 24.2 ± 7.5 (range: 8–41 years) years. Thirty‐six eyes with regular astigmatism (43.9%), 34 eyes with irregular astigmatism (41.5%) and 12 eyes with keratoconus (14.6%) were included. The percentage improvement in visual acuity (VA) was significantly higher with contact lenses compared with spectacles in all groups (p < 0.001), with the highest improvement in subjects with keratoconus (p = 0.03). Twenty six (31.7%), 30 (36.6%) and 26 eyes (31.7%) had moderate (−3.0 to −4.24 D), moderate/high (−4.25 to −5.99 D) and high (≤−6.0 D) astigmatism, respectively. The percentage improvement in VA with contact lenses was statistically significantly higher than for spectacle wear in all groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that satisfactory visual outcomes can be obtained with extended range TSCLs in patients having moderate to high astigmatism with different astigmatic patterns.
Alveolar osteitis: A qualitative and readability assessment of patient information on the Internet
Authors: Meade Maurice J. , Dreyer Craig W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the quality of online information regarding alveolar osteitis (AO) are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the quality of online information regarding AO.Materials and MethodsTwo search terms (“alveolar osteitis” and “dry socket”) were entered separately into three search engines. A qualitative assessment of the websites that satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria was carried out using the QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and via the presence of the Health on the Net (HON)code seal. Website readability was evaluated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) and Flesch Reading Ease Score tools. Statistical analyses were performed by GraphPad Software® (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, U.S.).ResultsMost of the 31 assessed websites were from the United States (41.93%). The mean QUEST score was 14.10 out of a maximum 28 (SD = 4.63; 95% CI: 11.80–16.39). Eight (25.8%) websites scored three or all four JAMA benchmarks and four (12.9%) scored zero. Five (16.12%) displayed the HONcode seal. Higher QUEST scores were recorded for websites that satisfied at least three out of JAMA criteria (p < 0.01; 95% CI: −13.13 to −5.215) and for websites that contained the HONcode seal (p < 0.01; 95% CI: −15.000 to −5.00) compared to those that did not. The mean SMOG readability score was 8.95 (SD: 8.68; 95% CI: 8.46–9.43).ConclusionsThe online information regarding AO varies considerably. The readability scores exceed the recommended levels for written health information. The dental profession should consider the development of online resources that address the highlighted shortcomings.
Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection and balancing in the superworm, Zophobas atratus
Authors: Choi Yongsoo , Lee Kwang Pum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe larvae of Zophobas atratus F. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are a promising source of dietary protein for animal feed. However, there has been no detailed investigation on macronutrient selection and requirement in Z. atratus larvae. Here, we used the geometric framework to explore the behavioural and physiological regulation of protein and carbohydrate in Z. atratus larvae. When provided with pairs of nutritionally imbalanced but complementary foods (choice experiment), Z. atratus larvae self‐composed a diet with a protein‐to‐carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of 1.47:1 or 1.19:1 throughout the experimental period. Across different choice combinations, the intake of carbohydrate was more tightly regulated than that of protein. When confined to one of six foods imbalanced with respect to P:C ratio (no‐choice experiment), Z. atratus larvae regulated their protein–carbohydrate intake to form linear intake arrays across nutrient space in a manner similar to those previously described for other nutritional generalists. The negative slope of the linear intake arrays was shallow (−0.67 to −0.54), suggesting that protein was over‐consumed by Z. atratus larvae to a greater extent than carbohydrates. The nutritional landscapes fitted for larval performance traits exhibited that the performance of Z. atratus larvae was maximized at the P:C ratio of 2:1 and fell rapidly as the P:C ratio decreased below 1:1. There was evidence for post‐ingestive regulation for body nutrient growth through adjusting the utilization efficiencies of ingested protein and carbohydrate. Our results represent the most comprehensive analysis of macronutrient regulation in Z. atratus and have implications for designing an optimal diet for this beneficial insect.
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the hidden half: Role in root growth, stress signalling and rhizospheric interactions
Authors: Mathur P. , Roy S. , Nasir Khan M. , Mukherjee S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTApart from nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as a potential gasotransmitter that has regulatory roles in root differentiation, proliferation and stress signalling. H2S metabolism in plants exhibits spatio‐temporal differences that are intimately associated with sulphide signalling in the cytosol and other subcellular components, e.g. chloroplast and mitochondria. H2S biosynthesis in plant organs uses both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic pathways. H2S generation in roots and aerial organs is modulated by developmental phase and changes in environmental stimuli. H2S has an influential role in root development and in the nodulation process. Studies have revealed that H2S is a part of the auxin and NO signalling pathways in roots, which induce lateral root formation. At the molecular level, exogenous application of H2S regulates expression of several transcription factors, viz. LBD (Lateral organ Boundaries Domain), MYB (myeloblastosis) and AP2/ERF (Apetala 2/ Ethylene Response Factor), which stimulate upregulation of PpLBD16 (Lateral organ boundaries domain 16), thereby significantly increasing the number of lateral roots. Concomitantly, H2S acts as a crucial signalling molecule in roots during various abiotic stresses, e.g. drought, salinity heavy metals (HMs), etc., and augments stress tolerance in plants. Interestingly, extensive crosstalk exists between H2S, NO, ABA, calcium and ethylene during stress, which escalate plant defence and regulate plant growth and productivity. Hence, the present review will elaborate the role of H2S in root development, stress alleviation, legume–Rhizobium symbiosis and rhizosphere signalling. The review also examines the mechanism of H2S‐mediated abiotic stress mitigation and cross‐talk with other signaling molecules.
Australia Day or Invasion Day? Perspectives on the Continuing Impact of Colonialism Underlies Public Contestations Around Australia's National Day
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Jetten Jolanda , Crimston Charlie R. 
Published: March 2022

The ways in which collective memories are constructed in the present is important in explaining how people choose to commemorate their nation's history. The present research focused on the context of Australia Day, a controversial national holiday that falls on January 26, which is a date that marks the beginning of colonization. We conducted field surveys of community members participating in an Invasion Day protest pushing for Indigenous rights (n = 219) and community members enjoying the public holiday in a public park (n = 174). We found that greater recognition of colonial history explained protesters' (vs. nonprotesters') greater support for changing the date of Australia Day. Further, protesters' lower levels of perceived continuity and higher levels of desired continuity of First Australian culture was linked to greater support for changing the date of Australia Day compared to the nonprotesters. These findings suggest that creating consensus over contested collective memories of a nation's history requires greater recognition of the ongoing impact of past atrocities.
Animals in the study of public administration
Authors: Mitchell Jerry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe human‐animal experience has eluded the study of public administration. The evidence shows the field's top journals and textbooks have paid little attention to animals, public affairs degree programs are mostly without animal‐focused courses, and professional associations have failed to include, for the most part, animals as stakeholders whose interests should be considered. This lack of attention is out of step with a world confronting such wicked problems as animal cruelty, species extinction, and zoonosis. Practical ways are proposed for incorporating animal topics into scholarship, education, and the overall posture of the discipline. The expectation is that a focus on non‐human species can shapeshift the field toward a biocentric outlook and a truly authentic understanding of public affairs.
Latest update on predictive indicators, risk factors and ‘Omic’ technologies research of retained placenta in dairy cattle – A review
Authors: Amin Yahia A. , Hussein Hassan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRetained placenta is a pathological condition defined as failure to expel foetal membranes within 12–24 h after parturition. It instigates important financial losses to the dairy industry causing considerable economic loss. It is a multifactorial disorder. Although different hypotheses have been proposed, contradictory results and no single factor explains the development of the disease. This indicates that there are overall significant gaps in our knowledge about the various factors affecting the aetiopathology and pathobiology of the retained placenta. Thus, it will be of great interest to investigate the potential contributing factors that influence the occurrence of RP which provide us with the mechanisms to avoid the occurrence of the disease. In addition, different predictive indicators of RP should be a part of our research, thus providing the essential procedures applied to deal with the disease and the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies in its management. Furthermore, lately, the molecular role takes attention to understanding its effect in the occurrence of the disease. Such information might help dairy scientists in the future to design better management and preventive practices for RP in dairy cows.
Sociodemographic factors affect the quality of life and burden of caregivers in special care in dentistry
Authors: Magalhães Iana Aragão , Dantas Thinali Sousa , de Paulo João Paulo Mota , Marçal Felipe Franco , Viana Thales Salles Angelim , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Barros Silva Paulo Goberlânio de 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo analyze the epidemiological profile and quality of life (QoL) of patients with special needs and overload their caregivers.Methods and resultsHealth‐related QoL was assessed in a quantitative, observational, cross‐sectional study of prospective characteristics using the WHOQOL‐BREF and ZARIT‐22 questionnaires. This study included 122 patients were included; they were divided into patients without caregiver assistance (n = 63) who answered WHOQOL‐BREF, 49 caregivers (n = 49) who responded to ZARIT‐22, and 10 patients were secondarily caregivers of their parents and answered the ZARIT‐22 + WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaires. The WHOQOL‐BREF general score was 71.94 ± 10.58, and patients born in urban areas and married had positive correlations (p < .05) with the QoL scores in the physical and social domains. ZARIT‐22 scores showed an average of 58.63 ± 14.07. Data cross‐checking revealed that patients of white races (p = .030) and who lived in urban regions (p = .003) generated less overload to caregivers.ConclusionIn the WHOQOL‐BREF analysis, family income was a factor with direct impact, and all caregivers referred to moderate‐to‐high overload, with an increase in prevalence as far away from the service the patient resides.
Awareness isn’t saving lives: An experimental exploration of suicide risk reduction methods for emerging adults
Authors: Pashak Travis J. , Percy Carly S. , Trierweiler Emma J. , Bradley Sophia M. , Conley McCall A. , Weaver Joseph S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSuicide prevention campaigns commonly employ brief informational materials aimed at emerging adults. Are such programs helpful, and do design characteristics yield differences in user outcomes? Literature is reviewed from the interpersonal theory of suicide, escape theory, and terror management theory, to inform our experimental design.MethodParticipants (n = 977 MTurk emerging adults) reported demographics and suicide histories and were randomized to one of nine experimental cells with varying video and journaling conditions to approximate suicide prevention materials. Participants were surveyed on perceptions of the materials’ risk reduction effectiveness, indicated their suicidality risk factors (e.g., hopelessness, depressiveness, purposelessness, and non‐belongingness), and conducted an implicit association test of suicidality.ResultsSuicide risk factors did not differ between experimental and control conditions, but certain conditions were rated as more effective (i.e., essay conditions prompting reflection, and the video condition featuring a personal/affective narrative). While there was no actual comparative reduction of risk, there was a perception that certain designs were more helpful.ConclusionReal‐world suicide prevention campaigns often feel justified despite lacking impact. Effective suicide risk reduction requires greater time investment and deeper personal connection than brief campaigns can offer, as well as systemic changes from a public health policy perspective.
Time to return to full training and recurrence of rectus femoris injuries in elite track and field athletes 2010–2019; a 9‐year study using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification
Authors: McAleer Stephen , Macdonald Ben , Lee Justin , Zhu Wilbur , Giakoumis Michael , Maric Tanya , Kelly Shane , Brown James , Pollock Noel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRectus femoris (RF) injuries are common in sports requiring maximal acceleration and sprinting. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes acute muscle injury based on the anatomical site of injury and has been associated with return to play in hamstring and calf muscle injury. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence for BAMIC‐classified RF injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&F) athletes over a 9‐year period. All rectus femoris injuries sustained by elite T&F athletes on the British Athletics World Class Program between September 2010 and September 2019 that were investigated with an MRI within 7 days of acute onset anterior thigh pain were included. Injuries were graded from the MRI by a specialist musculoskeletal radiologist using the BAMIC, and TRFT and injury recurrence were determined by evaluation of the Electronic Medical Record. Athlete demographics and World Athletics event discipline were recorded. Specific injury details including mechanism, location of injury, and whether surgical or rehabilitation management was undertaken were recorded. There were 38 RF injuries in 27 athletes (24.7 ± 2.3 years; 10 male, 17 female). Average TRFT for rehabilitation managed cases was 20.4 ± 14.8 days. Grade 1 injuries had significantly shorter TRFT compared with grades 2 (p = 0.04) and 3 (p = 0.01). Intratendinous (c) and surgically managed RF injuries each had significantly longer TRFT compared with other injury classes (p < 0.001). Myofascial (a) injuries had reduced repeat injury rates compared with b or c classes (p = 0.048). Grade 3 injuries had an increased repeat injury rate compared with other grades (p = 0.02). There were 4 complete (4c) proximal free tendon injuries sustained during sprinting and all in female athletes. The average TRFT for RF injuries in elite T&F is similar to that previously identified in elite football and Australian Rules. Similar to previous research in hamstring and calf injury, RF injuries extending into the tendon (BAMIC class c) had delayed TRFT which may reflect the longer duration required for tendon healing and adaptation. Grade 3 injuries had in increased repeat injury rate compared with grades 1 and 2. The BAMIC diagnostic framework may provide useful information for clinicians managing rectus femoris injuries in T&F.