bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus by models of care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Harrison Jackson , Melov Sarah , Kirby Adrienne C , Athayde Neil , Boghossian Araz , Cheung Wah , Inglis Emma , Maravar Kavita , Padmanabhan Suja , Luig Melissa , Hook Monica , Pasupathy Dharmintra 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo compare birth outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with background obstetric population, stratified by models of care.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary referral centre in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsAll births 1 January 2018 to 30 November 2020. Births <24 weeks, multiple gestations and women with pre-existing diabetes were excluded.MethodsData were obtained from electronic medical records. Women were classified according to GDM status and last clinic attended prior to delivery. Model of care included attendance at dedicated GDM obstetric clinics, and routine antenatal care.Main outcome measuresHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), pre-term birth (PTB), induction of labour (IOL), operative delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age, postpartum haemorrhage, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS), neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal hypothermia, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.ResultsThe GDM rate was 16.3%, with 34.0% of women managed in dedicated GDM clinics. Women with GDM had higher rates of several adverse outcomes. Only women with GDM attending non-dedicated clinics had increased odds of HDP (adjusted OR (adj OR) 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0), PTB (adj OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0), OASIS (adj OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), similar odds of induction (adj OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.1) compared with non-GDM women. There were increased odds of NICU admission (adj OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.8) similar to women attending high-risk GDM clinics.ConclusionsWomen with GDM receiving care in lower risk clinics had similar or higher rates of adverse outcomes. Pathways of care need to be similar in all women with GDM.
Clinical utility of anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal therapy in asthma using a national, centralised, outcome-based system of drug access
Authors: O'Leary Caroline , Schultz Christopher , Walsh Cathal , Adams Roisin , Casey Deborah , Lane Stephen , Harrison Michael , Doyle Shane , Costello Richard W , King Fionnuala , Murphy Desmond M 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionInterleukin 5 (IL-5) inhibitors are an important therapeutic advance in the management of severe, refractory, eosinophilic asthma. However, their utilisation should be targeted to maximise their benefits. This study used multisite, centralised, national data collected over 18 months to perform an observational integrated, retrospective, cohort study of selection criteria for initiation and continuation of IL-5 inhibitor treatment in Ireland.Materials/patients and methodsWe used data from 230 patients who were given anti-IL-5 monoclonal therapy (reslizumab, mepolizumab or benralizumab) in Ireland between 2018 and 2020. Reimbursement of these drugs in Ireland requires fulfilling eligibility criteria defined by the Acute Hospitals Drugs Management Programme with continued reimbursement requiring ongoing submission of clinical data demonstrating clinical effectiveness.ResultsIL-5 inhibitor use for 18 months was associated with a total reduction in asthma-associated hospital admissions of 108 (p=0.036) and in non-hospital exacerbations of 85 in 18 months (p=0.014). Respiratory-associated GP visits were reduced from 637 in 12 months to 89 at 6 months and 210 at 18 months of treatment (p<0.001). Oral corticosteroid requirement was reduced or stopped entirely (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis of one site replicated these results and showed a significant reduction in the Asthma Control Questionnaire Score (p<0.001)ConclusionsSelected patients continued on IL-5 treatment to 18 months had significantly reduced exacerbations, GP visits, oral corticosteroid use and asthma-associated hospitalisations. These results show that anti-IL-5 therapy, in carefully selected and monitored patients with asthma, results in significant improvements in clinical outcomes in a real-world setting.
Nonlinear dynamics of a liquid film flow over a solid substrate in the presence of external shear stress and electric field
Authors: Zakaria Kadry , Sirwah Magdy A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing approximation techniques, long-wave length framework and boundary-layer, the effects of electrostatic force and induced shear stress on the flow behavior down an inclined solid substrate are investigated. In general case, the considered model accounts in the presence of inertia regime and streamwise viscous diffusion with the influence of normal electric field and an imposed shear stress. Using the Galerkin weighted residual, two coupled evolution equations for the flow rate and film thickness are extracted. In the appropriate limit cases, the evolution equations obtained by previous authors are recovered. The primary instability has been analyzed using the Whitham wave hierarchy framework. In the nonlinear regime, the behavior of solitary waves arose on the surface of liquid film due to the effects of electrostatic force and imposed shear stress throughout three-dimensional dynamical systems. Some bifurcation points are reported. In both extremely viscous and electrogravity regimes, the Benney-like equation is extracted in a new form. By excluding contribution of external shear stress and viscous dispersion parameter, the interesting results of previous authors are recovered. In both weakly nonlinear and inertialess regimes, the bifurcation points of the three dynamical systems are discussed within the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky type equation.
Representations of Complex Contexts: A Role for Hippocampus
Authors: Dimsdale-Zucker Halle R. , Montchal Maria E. , Reagh Zachariah M. , Wang Shao-Fang , Libby Laura A. , Ranganath Charan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The hippocampus plays a critical role in supporting episodic memory, in large part by binding together experiences and items with surrounding contextual information. At present, however, little is known about the roles of different hippocampal subfields in supporting this item–context binding. To address this question, we constructed a task in which items were affiliated with differing types of context—cognitive associations that vary at the local, item level and membership in temporally organized lists that linked items together at a global level. Participants made item recognition judgments while undergoing high-resolution fMRI. We performed voxel pattern similarity analyses to answer the question of how human hippocampal subfields represent retrieved information about cognitive states and the time at which a past event took place. As participants recollected previously presented items, activity patterns in the CA23DG subregion carried information about prior cognitive states associated with these items. We found no evidence to suggest reinstatement of information about temporal context at the level of list membership, but exploratory analyses revealed representations of temporal context at a coarse level in conjunction with representations of cognitive contexts. Results are consistent with characterizations of CA23DG as a critical site for binding together items and contexts in the service of memory retrieval.
Geographic variation in colour and spot patterns in Dwarf Caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807) in Brazil
Authors: Campos Zilca , Muniz Fábio , Mourão Guilherme , Magnusson William E. , Farias Izeni P. , Hrbek Tomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Colour variation in crocodilians is associated with size, environment and genetic structure, but little is known about colour variation in the genus Paleosuchus (Alligatoridae). Different genetic lineages of Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Dwarf caiman) occupy different environments throughout the species extensive distribution, and all are cryptically coloured. We captured 187 P. palpebrosus and recorded their head colour from four genetically distinct geographic clades between 2008 and 2019. Additionally, we determined the jaw and belly spot pattern of a subsample of 95 individuals (22–109 cm snout-vent length). PERMANCOVA was used to investigate the relationships between head colour and spot patterns, to the caiman size, sex, and geographic lineage, as well as ambient temperature. Variation in head colour, and jaw and belly spot patterns, were related to genetic lineage, snout-vent length and temperature, but the model explained only ∼45.4% of the variance in the data. Sex was not significantly related to the head colour, or jaw and belly spot patterns. Dwarf caimans inhabiting cooler climates tend to be darker than individuals from warmer areas, and individuals from the “Cerrado-Pantanal” and “Bolivia” lineages generally darker than the “Amazon” and “Madeira” lineages. However, individuals of a given size in different lineages overlap greatly in colour patterns and colour alone could not be used to distinguish lineages. The Natterer’s hypothesis of head-colour as diagnose from “Cerrado-Pantanal” lineage, cannot be completely accepted according our quantitative analysis, although there are a variation in the geographic distribution of these phenotypic traits, and the “Cerrado-Pantanal” lineage had been the most distinct among the lineages.
Influence of Zonal Variation of the Subtropical Westerly Jet on Rainfall Patterns and Frequency of Heavy Precipitation Events over East Asia
Authors: Du Yin , Xie Zhiqing , Wang Ning , Miao Qian , Zhang Lingling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding the effects of zonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EAWJ) on spatial features of heavy precipitation events requires characterization of the shape, orientation, position, and scale of both the EAWJ and rain belts. Applying a rotating calipers algorithm, jet-axis tracking, wavelet analysis, and K-means clustering algorithm, spatial structures of both the EAWJ and rain belts were quantified for each heavy rainfall event lasting 3 days (3-day-HRE) in 1983–2020. The results reveal that approximately 90% of the EAWJs related to 3-day-HREs had a statistically significant wave structure of ∼6000–12 000 km over East Asia and the North Pacific. These EAWJs had tilted, wavy, and flat patterns and strongly affected the position, orientation, and spatial scales of the 3-day-HRE rain belts by modifying the vapor transport trajectory and vertical rising motions. All types of EAWJ had an orientation similar to that of the rain belts and an average distance to the rain belts of ∼500–1500 km at 105°–125°E and ∼500 km at 125°E–180°. Correspondingly, the rain belts of 3-day-HREs had the largest frequency over eastern China and southern Japan. Zonally asymmetric Rossby waves arising from the land–sea thermal contrast, atmospheric diabatic heating, and topography dominantly contributed to the formation of a meandering or flat EAWJ. A zonally oscillating trough–ridge system, featuring an equivalent barotropic structure with large geopotential height anomalies reaching the lower troposphere, weakens or blocks vapor transport and is ultimately responsible for the strongly varying spatial scales and orientations of rain belts.

Significance Statement
A solid theoretical basis that variations in the EAWJ intimately covary with the location and orientation of rain belts means that understanding the relationships between the EAWJ’s zonal variations and the spatial features of monsoonal rain belts is conducive to better predicting the weather and climate over East Asia. We quantitatively explored the effects of EAWJ zonal variations on the position, orientation, and scale of rain belts and found that a tilted, wavy, or relatively flat pattern of the EAWJ strongly affected the rain belt spatial features by modifying the vapor transport trajectory. A zonally oscillating trough–ridge system, featuring an equivalent barotropic structure throughout the troposphere, is responsible for the varying spatial scale of rain belts.
Impact of Food Standards on Patterns of International Trade in Marine Products
Authors: Gupta Aishwary Kant , Sangita Seema 
Published: September 2022

Over the past two and half decades, rising non-tariff barriers, such as SPS and TBT measures appear to negate any benefits accruing from declining tariffs. The adoption of higher standards reflects efforts, generally by developed nations, towards protecting both human and environmental health. However, the burden of compliance falls on the upstream players of the supply chain, mostly located in the Global South. In this article, we explore if imposing food standards has a differential impact on the exporters of marine products from high-income and low-income countries. Using panel data analysis based on bilateral trade between 50 exporters and 188 importers of marine goods at HS6 level codes from 1995 to 2018, we conclude that imposing food standards has a significantly negative impact on exports of marine industries. Moreover, it appears that after 2008, food standards have become relatively more stringent, and their impact has varied based on economic size of the exporter. Relatively richer countries were able to expand their exports in the presence of standards. However, marine exports of poorer nations reduced. This contrasting impact of food standards on the high- and low-income countries significantly changed the pattern of global marine trade. JEL Codes: F1, F14, Q17
Anxiety Disorders Among Students of Adolescent Age Group in Selected Schools of Tiruchirappalli, South India: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muthusamy Anbarasi , Gajendran Rajkumar , Thangavel Pavithra 
Published: September 2022

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders among school-going children and adolescents worldwide. Multiple factors like internalization of the symptoms, lack of proper objective assessment, societal stigmatization, and influence of parental pressure may alter the prevalence and incidence. Aim: The current study is done to identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders in school children and their associated risk factors. Method: A total of 550 students (266 boys and 284 girls), studying in grades 8 to 12 in urban and rural schools chosen by stratified random sampling, were subjected to a questionnaire survey by the team of trained investigators using “Screen for Child Anxiety and Emotion-related Disorder (SCARED)—child Version.” Results: Total prevalence of anxiety assessed using the SCARED scale was 51%. The prevalence of subtypes of anxiety disorders was also identified viz, generalized anxiety disorder—16%, panic disorder—23%, school phobia—17%, separation anxiety—31%, and social phobia—13%. All the disorders showed higher incidence in girls ( P < .01). Discussion: The anxiety disorders were associated significantly with students from rural schools, those studying in the Tamil medium, those staying in hostels, students who had mothers who were employed, and living in extended family environments. Students who walked to school and who had neither of their parents as caregivers were more likely to have panic disorder, school phobia, social phobia, and separation anxiety disorder. Conclusion: This study documented a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and subtypes and highlighted the factors associated with anxiety disorders in school students of the adolescent age group.
Carboxypeptidase G and pterin deaminase metabolic pathways degrade folic acid in Variovorax sp. F1
Authors: You Yungmi , Doi Yuki , Maeda Norifumi , Masuo Shunsuke , Takeshita Norio , Takaya Naoki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic vitamin (B9) and the oxidized form of a metabolic cofactor that is essential for life. Although the biosynthetic mechanisms of FA are established, its environmental degradation mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify bacteria in soil that degrade FA and the mechanisms involved.

Results
We isolated the soil bacterium Variovorax sp. F1 from sampled weed rhizospheres in a grassland and investigated its FA degradation mechanism. Cultured Variovorax sp. F1 rapidly degraded FA to pteroic acid (PA), indicating that FA hydrolysis to PA and glutamate. We cloned the carboxypeptidase G (CPG) gene and found widely distributed paralogs within the Variovorax genus. Recombinant CPG preferred FA and deaminofolic acid as substrates, indicating its involvement in FA degradation by Variovorax. Prolonged culture of Variovorax sp. F1 resulted in decreased rates of deaminofolic acid (DFA) and deaminopteroic acid (DPA) accumulation. This indicated that the deamination reaction also comprised a route of FA degradation. We also identified an F1 gene that was orthologous to the pterin deaminase gene (Arad3529) of Agrobacterium radiobacter. The encoded protein deaminated FA and PA to DFA and DPA, which was consistent with the deamination activity of FA and PA in bacterial cell-free extracts.

Conclusion
We discovered that the two enzymes required for FA degradation pathways in isolates of Variovorax sp. F1 comprise CPG and pterin deaminase, and that DFA and PA are intermediates in the generation of DPA.
Left ventricular function and coronary microcirculation in patients with mild reduced ejection fraction after STEMI
Authors: Ma Yuliang , Wang Lan , Jin Wenying , Zhu Tiangang , Liu Jian , Zhao Hong , Wang Jing , Lu Mingyu , Cao Chengfu , Jiang Bailin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The characteristics of heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFmrEF) overlap with those of HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and need to be further explored. This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function and coronary microcirculation in patients with mildly reduced ejection fraction after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
We enrolled 119 patients with STEMI who had undergone speckle tracking imaging and myocardial contrast echocardiography during hospitalization from June 2016 to June 2021. They were classified into normal, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups according to their left ventricular EF (LVEF): ≥ 50%, 40–50%, and ≤ 40%, respectively. The data of the HFmrEF group were analyzed and compared with those of the normal and HFrEF groups.

Results
HFmrEF was observed in 32 patients (26.9%), HFrEF in 17 (14.3%), and normal LVEF in 70 patients (58.8%). The mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) of all patients was − 11.9 ± 3.8%. The GLS of HFmrEF patients was not significantly different from that of the HFrEF group (− 9.9 ± 2.5% and − 8.0 ± 2.3%, respectively, P = 0.052), but they were both lower than that of the normal group (− 13.8% ± 3.5%, P < 0.001). The HFmrEF group exhibited significantly poorer myocardial perfusion index (1.24 ± 0.33) than the normal group (1.08 ± 0.14, P = 0.005) but displayed no significant difference from the HFrEF group (1.18 ± 0.19, P = 0.486). Moreover, a significant difference in the incidence of regional wall motion (WM) abnormalities in the three groups was observed (P = 0.009), and the WM score index of patients with HFmrEF was 1.76 ± 0.30, similar to that of patients with HFrEF (1.81 ± 0.43, P = 0.618), but poorer than that in the normal group (1.33 ± 0.25, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
GLS is a more sensitive tool than LVEF for detecting LV systolic dysfunction. The LV systolic function, coronary microcirculation, and WM in patients with HFmrEF was poorer than that of patients with normal LVEF, but comparable to that in patients with HFrEF. Patients with HFmrEF after STEMI require more attention and appropriate management.
Antenatal care as a risk factor for caesarean section: a case study in Brazil
Authors: Fabbro Márcia Regina Cangiani , Wernet Monika , Baraldi Nayara Girardi , de Castro Bussadori Jamile Claro , Salim Natália Rejane , Souto Bernardino Geraldo Alves , dos Reis Fermiano Andréa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Antenatal care is an important tool to prevent complications and decrease the incidence of maternal and antenatal morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, quality, access, and coverage of antenatal care are described as insufficient. Consequently, high rates of caesarean section, congenital morbidities such as syphilis, maternal and early neonatal mortality occur, as well as obstetric violence and dissatisfaction with healthcare. It is important to reflect on health disparities in antenatal care. This study aimed to carry out a critical analysis of antenatal care in one city of São Paulo state in Brazil.

Methods
A case study was performed, structured in a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study and two qualitative studies. Data for the epidemiological study was obtained from the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) of Brazil, which was processed in the Epi-info v software 7.2. and treated descriptively and by the Mantel–Haenszel or Fisher's exact tests. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 pregnant women and 8 nurses in the primary healthcare service of one city in São Paulo. The qualitative data analysis was based on thematic content analysis.

Results
The data revealed a limited quality of antenatal care. More than six antenatal visits increased the probability of a caesarean section by 47% and babies born vaginally had a lower Apgar score. There was little participation of nurses in antenatal care and women described it as “a quick medical appointment”, limited by protocols, based on procedures and insufficient in dialogue. Antenatal care appeared to be fragmented and permeated by challenges that involve the need for change in management, performance, and ongoing training of professionals, as well as in the guarantee of women’s rights.

Conclusions
Caesarean section was statistically related to the number of antenatal care visits. Interactions between professionals and pregnant women were poor and resulted in dissatisfaction. There is an urgent need to connect health indicators with the findings from professionals and women’s experiences to improve the quality of antenatal care.