bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENERAL UNCROSSING COVERING PATHS INSIDE THE AXIS-ALIGNED BOUNDING BOX
Authors: Ripà Marco 
Published: January 2022

Given the finite set of n_1⋅n_2⋅...⋅n_k points G(n_1,n_2,...,n_k) in R^𝑘 such that n_k≥...≥n_2≥n_1∈Z+, we introduce a new algorithm, called MΛI, which returns an uncrossing covering path inside the minimum axis-aligned bounding box [0,n_1−1]×[0,n_2−1]×...×[0,n_k−1], consisting of 3⋅(n_1⋅n_2⋅...⋅n_k−1)−2 links of prescribed length n_k−1 units. Thus, for any n_k≥3, the link length of the covering path provided by our MΛI-algorithm is smaller than the cardinality of the set G(n_1,n_2,...,n_k). Furthermore, assuming k>2, we present an uncrossing covering path for G(3,3,...,3), comprising only 20*3^(k−3)−2 two units long edges, which is constrained by the axis-aligned bounding box [0,4−√3]×[0,4−√3]×[0,2]×...×[0,2].
Evaluating the effectiveness of countywide mask mandates at reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States
Authors: Islam Hadie , Islam Amina , Brook Alan , Rudrappa Mohan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
With the rise of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and the low vaccination rates in the United States, mitigation strategies to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are essential for protecting the health of the general public and reducing strain on healthcare facilities. This study compares US counties with and without mask mandates and determines if the mandates are associated with reduced daily COVID-19 infection. US counties have debated whether masks effectively decrease COVID-19 cases, and political pressures have prevented some counties from passing mask mandates. This article investigates the utility of mask mandates in small US counties.

Objectives
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mask mandates in small US counties and places where the population density may not be as high as in larger urban counties and to determine the efficacy of countywide mask mandates in reducing daily COVID-19 infection.

Methods
The counties studied were those with populations between 40,000 and 105,000 in states that did not have statewide mask mandates. A total of 38 counties were utilized in the study, half with and half without mask mandates. Test counties were followed for 30 days after implementing their mask mandate, and daily new SARS-CoV-2 infection was recorded during this timeframe. The counties were in four randomly selected states that did not have statewide mask mandates. The controls utilized were from counties with similar populations to the test counties and were within the same state as the test county. Controls were followed for the same 30 days as their respective test county. Data were analyzed utilizing t-test and difference-in-difference analyses comparing counties with mask mandates and those without.

Results
These data showed statistically significant lower averages of SARS-CoV-2 daily infection in counties that passed mask mandates when compared with counties that did not. The difference-in-difference analysis revealed a 16.9% reduction in predicted COVID-19 cases at the end of 30 days.

Conclusions
These data support the effectiveness of mask mandates in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection spread in small US counties where the population density may be less than in urban counties. Small US counties that are considering passing mask mandates for the population can utilize these data to justify their policy considerations.
News reports about the Sino-US trade war: An ecolinguistic approach
Authors: Cheng Ming , He Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study adopts an ecolinguistic approach to analyze logical resources in the news reports about the Sino-US trade war collected from the two sources, The Times of Britain and Sputnik News Agency of Russia. By observing the logical system for ecological discourse analysis, the study throws light on the ecological properties and values of the mainstream media between the two stakeholders. The discursive research finds that overall, the Russian news reports appeal for a free trade system, while they talk down the trade truce, and the British news reports, although opposed to protectionism, call for unity with the UK’s ally to avoid tariff risk and earn effortless profits. Hence, the ecological properties of the Russian and British media are complex and mixed. Regarding ecological variance, the two media more or less underwent an ecological shift with the dynamic process of the trade war.
Data-based energy coverage measurements to discover the potentials of regional energy storage
Authors: Schädler Yannik , Sorg Michael , Fischer Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The fluctuations of the renewable energies request storage systems as a significant part of the future energy system. Here we introduce a measurement approach regarding the regional coverage of the power demand and the influence of a storage system on it. The approach is based on measured power data with given uncertainties. The resolution is 15 minutes in the time domain and 2-digit ZIP code regions in the spatial domain. An idealized storage model is introduced, and one storage is implemented for each region. As a result, the regional coverage is measured for different storage parameters and the respective measurement uncertainty is assessed to be below the set goal of 2 %. Furthermore, the inverse problem, i. e. the storage dimensioning, is investigated by estimating the necessary storage parameters to achieve a desired regional coverage. Findings: electrical self-sufficiency can be reached in 23 out of 95 regions, in contrast in 56 regions the regional coverage is increased insignificantly regardless of the parameters of the storage system. This illustrates the necessity of power transport to enable the increase of regional coverage. Concluding, the proposed measurement approach enables the estimation of storage parameters and can be used for storage dimensioning.
Neutralizing antibody response and associated factors in Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) up to one month
Authors: Bastug Aliye , Bodur Hurrem , Seker Urartu Ozgur Safak , Filazi Nazlican , Aydos Omer , Sahin Kehribar Ebru , Hanifehnezhad Ali Reza , Kazancioglu Sumeyye , Ahan Recep Erdem , Aslan Volkan , Cakir Banu , Sertcelik Ahmet , Ozkul Aykut 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
There is a knowledge gap about the characteristics of neutralizing antibody (NAb) response in patients who recovered COVID-19. In this study, it is aimed to elucidate the factors affecting the presence and titers of antibodies up to 30-days after onset.

Material and methods
A total of 129 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively. SARS-CoV-2 specific NAb, IgM, and IgG antibody responses were analyzed.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 specific NAb, IgM and IgG, were detected at the time of hospital discharge in 60.5%, 30.2%, and 51.9% of the patients, respectively. The median time for obtaining serum samples for antibody tests after symptoms’ onset was 11 days. The median titer of neutralizing antibody (SN50) was significantly higher in severe patients (25 vs. 7.5, p=0.009). Of the 23 severe patients, 52.2% (n=12) had higher NAb titers (i.e., SN50≥1:25) when compared to that in non-severe patients (OR=2.89; 95%CI=1.15–7.28, p=0.021), yet, the potential effect of follow-up time on NAb status and titers could not be ruled out.

Conclusions
The presence of antibody response is not the only determinative factor for recovery. The presence and higher titers of NAb were detected more in severe patients than their non-severe counterparts. Survival analysis suggested that this difference could at least be partially explained by the length of follow-up through antibody testing (at discharge) after symptoms’ onset.
Dynamic responses of graded nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils under a strip load
Authors: Shi Li-wei , Ma Qiang , Li Yuan-xun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on the three-phase porous media mixed theory, the dynamic governing equations of unsaturated soils is established and the dynamic response of graded nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils subjected to a strip load is studied. Combined with the reverberation-ray matrix method (RRMM) and the boundary condition, the calculation formula of the displacement, stress and pore pressure of graded nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils is derived. Assuming that the continuous variation of physical and mechanical properties of unsaturated soils along the thickness-coordinate by exponential law distribution, the numerical solution of the displacement, stress, and pore pressure then obtained by using numerical inverse Fourier transformation, and the influence of soil heterogeneity and saturation on the dynamic response of unsaturated soils is discussed. The results show that the displacement decreased with increasing gradient factor, and the stress first increased then decreased with the gradient factor increased, and the pore pressure first decreased then increased with increasing gradient factor. The displacement and pore pressure under different gradient factors all increase with increasing saturation.
Expanding Knowledge About the Effect of Measurement Time on Session Rating of Perceived Exertion
Authors: Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A. , Blanco Pelayo , Foster Carl , Villa José G. , Carballo-Leyenda Belén 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rodríguez-Marroyo, JA, Blanco, P, Foster, C, Villa, JG, and Carballo-Leyenda, B. Expanding knowledge about the effect of measurement time on session rating of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 230–233, 2023—The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of postexercise rating times (from 0 minutes to 4 weeks) on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Twenty-five athletes (12 women and 13 men) from different sports (sprinting, endurance running, cycling, and volleyball) were involved in this study. At least 3 training sessions per subject were quantified based on sRPE using a visual analog scale. The scale was administered immediately after, at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postexercise. In addition, the effect of rating time on sRPE was studied according to the training intensity. For this, the training sessions were classified (based on the 30-minute rating) as easy (sRPE < 3), moderate (sRPE 3–5), and hard (sRPE > 5). A significant (p < 0.001) main effect of the postexercise rating time on sRPE was found. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences between sRPE obtained at 30 minutes and those obtained immediately after hard training sessions and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postexercise. There was no significant effect of rating time on sRPE in the easy and moderate training sessions. In conclusion, the present data suggest that athletes' sRPE may be obtained in a valid and reliable manner within a time frame of 5 minutes to 72 hours posttraining. The effect of postexercise rating time on sRPE seems to be conditioned by the training intensity, especially in those training sessions whose training intensity was high (sRPE > 5).
Auditory Nerve Fiber Discrimination and Representation of Naturally-Spoken Vowels in Noise
Authors: Heeringa Amarins N. , Köppl Christine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo understand how vowels are encoded by auditory nerve (AN) fibers, a number of representation schemes have been suggested that extract the vowel’s formant frequencies from AN-fiber spiking patterns. The current study aims to apply and compare these schemes for AN-fiber responses to naturally-spoken vowels in a speech-shaped background noise. Responses to three vowels were evaluated; based on behavioral experiments in the same species, two of these were perceptually difficult to discriminate from each other (/e/ vs /i/), and one was perceptually easy to discriminate from the other two (/a:/). Single-unit AN fibers were recorded from ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized Mongolian gerbils of either sex (n = 8). First, single-unit discrimination between the three vowels was studied. Compared with the perceptually easy discriminations, the average spike timing-based discrimination values were significantly lower for the perceptually difficult vowel discrimination. This was not true for an average rate-based discrimination metric, the rate d-prime (d’). Consistently, spike timing-based representation schemes, plotting the temporal responses of all recorded units as a function of their best frequency (BF), i.e., dominant component schemes, average localized interval rate, and fluctuation profiles, revealed representation of the vowel’s formant frequencies, whereas no such representation was apparent in the rate-based excitation pattern. Making use of perceptual discrimination data, this study reveals that discrimination difficulties of naturally-spoken vowels in speech-shaped noise originate peripherally and can be studied in the spike timing patterns of single AN fibers.
Karaciğer Sirozu Tanısı ile Takip Edilen Konstriktif Perikardit Olgusu
Authors: KERKÜTLÜOĞLU Murat , ÇELİK Enes , ÖZTÜRK Bayram , GÜNEŞ Hakan 
Published: January 2022

Özet
Konstriktif perikardit (KP), elastik olmayan perikardın, kalp dolumunu engellemesi nedeniyle ortaya çıkan bir diyastolik kalp yetmezliği şeklidir. KP, açıklanamayan kalp yetmezliğinin ayırıcı tanısında, özellikle korunmuş sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonlu kalp yetmezliği hastalarında düşünülmelidir. KP gelişimi
için risk faktörleri; önceden kalp ameliyatı ve radyasyon tedavisini içerir, ancak çoğu vaka halen idiyopatik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Teşhisi zor olabilir ve sıklıkla kardiyak görüntüleme ve hemodinamik kateterizasyon ile desteklenen ekokardiyografik değerlendirme gerektirir. Komplet cerrahi perikardiyektomi, kronik KP için tek etkili tedavi yöntemidir. Genellikle kardiyak manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile tanımlanan subakut enflamatuar KP’li hasta alt grubu, anti-enflamatuar tedavilere cevap verebilmektedir.
Asistan Hekimlerde Tükenmişlik Sendromu
Authors: BEYOĞLU Elif , ERDOĞAN Ayşegül , OKYAY Ramazan Azim 
Published: January 2022

Özet
Literatüre 1974 yılında Herbert J. Freudenberger tarafından kazandırılan tükenmişlik sendromu, özellikle insanlarla birebir temas halinde olan çalışanlarda görülen mesleki bir hastalık olarak ifade edilmektedir. Duygusal tükenmişlik, duyarsızlaşma ve bireysel başarıda azalma ile karakterize olan tükenmişlik
sendromunun yapılan çalışmalarda asistan hekimlerde, uzman hekim ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarına göre daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu duruma sosyodemografik özelliklerden cinsiyet, medeni durum gibi özelliklerin yanı sıra, çalışma ortamı ve yapılan işin niteliği gibi kurumsal faktörlerin de etki ettiği söylenebilir. Çalışmalara bakıldığında genel olarak genç yaş, meslekte yeni olmak, nöbet sayısının fazla olması, medeni durumun bekâr olması, kadın cinsiyet, yıllık izin kullanamama, aylık maaşı yeterli bulmama, dâhili bilimlerde çalışma gibi durumlar asistan hekimlerdeki tükenmişlik durumunu artırmaktadır. Sinsi bir süreçte seyreden, birçok belirti ve bulgu veren tükenmişlik sendromu çalışanların hem iş hayatını hem de sosyal hayatını olumsuz düzeyde etkilemektedir. Tükenmişlikle baş etmek ve bu olumsuzlukların önüne geçmek için sorunun nereden kaynaklandığı tespit edilip ona yönelik çözümler bulunması gerekmektedir. Bu hususta kişilerin yaşadıkları stresle başa çıkmak için alacağı önlemlerin yanı sıra örgütsel desteğin de yeterli olması önem taşımaktadır.
Predictive Hybrid Approach Method to Detect Heart Disease
Authors: Yati Chouhan, Manish Choubisa Dr. Surendra Kumar Yadav, 
Published: January 2022

Data Mining has indicated a capable result in prediction and detection of Heart illness, the data removal methods are widely applied which are used for predictions, identification in different type of heart diseases. The discipline of this process is to extract the data and information from the large dataset by combining methods of artificial intelligence and database management. Here a Proposed method is used to predict the better approach followed by others. According to the comparative learning of different data removal method are applied which are used as predictions of heart diseases and similar medical problems. Diverse types of algorithms which are tied with data removal which has helped in educating the performance in medical domain this paper comprises of proposed approach of hybrid method to determine the Heart Syndrome based on artificial neural network. As the first approach followed by normal ANN (artificial neural network) which consists of vast arrangement of layers and is applied on the dataset. This gives a view to use neural networks. Here the accuracy is calculated by applying hidden layer of auto encoder surrounded by the layers of neural network which is high comparable with others .Considering and comparing both the cases without auto encoder and with auto encoder is to be calculated. The performance is more robust as compared with the other methods and literature papers. The results calculated in this hybrid approach gives better and optimized solution.
On the Depth of Earthquakes in the Delaware Basin: A Case Study along the Reeves–Pecos County Line
Authors: Sheng Yixiao , Pepin Karissa S. , Ellsworth William L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increased rates of seismicity in the Delaware basin, Texas, accompanying unconventional petroleum development have created intensive interest in determining their cause. Detailed and accurate spatial distribution of seismicity and focal mechanisms are critical components for understanding the underlying industrial processes responsible for inducing seismicity. We focus on a highly seismically active area straddling the Reeves–Pecos County line where two TexNet stations sit atop the seismicity, which includes 21 ML 3+ events from 2017 to 2020 (Advanced National Seismic System Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog). Short epicentral distance enables us to reliably estimate the hypocentral depth using seismic phase picks and standard location methods. We use a deep-learning-based method to detect earthquakes and time the phase arrivals. Hypocentral locations computed in a velocity model constrained by local well data reveal that the seismicity concentrates between 1.5 and 2.5 km below ground in the Delaware Mountain Group, the primary wastewater disposal zone at this location. Waveform inversions for the moment tensor and focal depth independently confirm the shallow depths. The moment tensor solutions define critically stressed high-angle normal faults, suggesting a causal connection between injection and seismicity.
Message from Editor in chief
Authors: Laborda Jesus Garcia 
Published: January 2022

Dear Reader,
Thank you for showing interest in the publication of this highly sought-after journal. As an excellence-driven journal, this issue aims to present to our readers the current issues in learning and teaching. Reading the Volume 13, Issue 4, of the International Journal of Learning and Teaching is therefore a worthy investment of your time.
This issue presents topics from Turkey, Philippines, and Iran. The topics included in this issue are; Developing STEM skills with water games in early childhood; Technology adaptation of teachers and students under the learning continuity plan: A case of one school in the Philippines; Iranian EFL teachers’ personality types and classroom management orientations: A correlational study; Effect of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) on students’ essay writing skills and their attitude toward e-learning; Expectation versus reality: A sentiment analysis of students’ experience on distance learning.
Our profound gratitude goes to the authors of the selected papers, and to the publishing team for their enormous contribution to this publication. Enjoy reading!!

Best Regards
Dr. Jesus Garcia Laborda,
Editor -in-Chief
Relationship between parental anxiety and students’ academic stress at secondary level
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Saira Saira , Ijaz Anisa 
Published: January 2022

Academic stress and parental anxiety are two crucial factors for the academic achievements of students. Both of these factors play a key role in academic success. This research aims to find the relationship between parental anxiety and students’ academic stress at the secondary level. The population was selected from the students of grade 9th studying in various public schools of Tehsil Gujrat. A two-stage Stratified Random Sampling Technique was used for sampling. Out of a total of 89 boys and 94 girls secondary schoolers working at Tehsil Gujrat, twenty (10 boys and 10 girls) were randomly selected. Simple percentage formula, Regression, neural network model, and Independent sample t-test were used to analyze the collected data. The analysis of students related to research questions indicated that academic stress affects academic achievements, parents’ anxiety, mental health, learning process, social behavior, cognitive skills, learning style, communication between the teachers and students, and extra-curricular activities of the students.

Keywords: Academic stress; parental Anxiety; students, secondary level.
Potential of two indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) against the tomato leafminer (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), under laboratory and greenhouse environmental bioassay
Authors: Kasi Indra Kumar , Singh Mohinder , Waiba Kanchhi Maya , Sharma P L Lal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The tomato leafminer (Tuta Absoluta) is an important pest of tomato crops which have features like; high reproductive potential, Invasive species are major threats to agronomic and natural ecosystems. Based on the pathogenicity of strains, only two isolates effectively show larvicidal activity. The native isolate was obtained from soil samples, collected from Rajgarh, Hamachi Pradesh, India. Petri dish bioassay use nematodes S. feltiae HR1 and H. bacteriophora HR2 species dose (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160/ IJs/cm2). The (%) 1st instar larval mortality was ranged from 24.15 to 85.38%. 2nd instar from 29.87 to 90.00%. 3rd instar from 24.15 to 90.00%. 4th instar from 31.53 to 90.00% and pupae stage mortality was ranged from 31.53 to 85.38%. Larvicidal activity after 48- and 72-hours exposure, the S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora (1.0, 1.30, 1.60, 1.90, 2.20/IJs/cm2) showed potent larvicidal activity with LC50, LC75 and LC90 of all instars and pupa show high mortality. The strain inhibits the larval and pupal development 48 to 72 hr exposer time with LC50 range from 05.42 to 23.67, LC75 20.29 to 83.12, LC90 16.52 to 98.89. Green house test is using the seam isolate of EPNs (HR1, HR2) on foliar application it caused by significant mortality results. These studies demonstrate the challenge for invasive species. The local indigenous strains of EPNs (S. feltiae HR1, H. bacteriophora HR2) as a good biocontrol agent against invasive pest of T. absoluta.