bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Recovered Life of Isaac Anderson
Authors: Jackson Alicia K. 
Published: May 2022

As with countless other black leaders whose life stories have disappeared from the historical record, much of Isaac H. Anderson’s unique story has been shrouded in silence. His story is a microhistory of black religious and political experience after Emancipation, and a recovery of the life of a minister, politician, and former slave. His narrative begins with his white father and master, William Jackson Anderson, and with the system of slavery that provided the economic fuel by which William Jackson built his wealth and became a merchant prince of Fort Valley in Houston County. It progresses to Anderson winning and serving in his white father’s seat in Georgia’s legislature during Reconstruction even though he and William Jackson represented opposite political parties and perspectives. During his time in Georgia, Anderson actively opposed the rise of the apprenticeship system, targeting Black children, and the convict leasing system, which re-enslaved many Black men. His story gives understanding into the formation of the Black Church as the only space in which enslaved and free blacks could survive, and even contend with, the oppression of whites. Leaders like Anderson fostered spiritual and physical safe spaces for parishioners, and his story provides a fuller accounting of a history that has often been dismissively recast and retold by those who mistake subtle but sustained defiance as subservient survival, and thereby miss many of the nuances of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church’s beginnings. Anderson’s unique story also exposes the intra-racial tension that existed in and around the small denomination, and the strategies adopted by black leaders in dealing with a society that was often antithetical to them.
Introduction
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses two main themes— children’s networking, and children’s verbal abilities, in this case “speech play.” All English–speaking nations share much the same child verbal lore. No one knows exactly how the lore is transmitted, but some games and rhymes are repeatedly passed from New Zealand to Canada, from America to England. The second theme is the reproduction of recorded sound and patterns of children’s speech. A transcript of an interview with three young boys reveals that the three boys play well-known schoolyard games, and tease one of their members in a racist manner. Added conversation catalogs play with guns and a discussion of how Adderall has affected their lives.
The chapter notes that children are secretive, and that schoolyard lore is swiftly learned, and constantly changing. By the end of high school, child lore is often half forgotten, as new verbal challenges appear.
Hand Games
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

This chapter includes handclapping, hand and foot combination, and baby finger games. The accompanying rhythms range from simple 1-2-3-4, to syncopated claps, slaps, body thumps, and foot stomping. In more than one hundred recorded hand games, children can be heard poking fun at adult mores, laughing at boy/girl relationships, and lampooning sex and racism. Some rhymes are slightly naughty, as players wink and tease one another with adult themes. Games appear in several variants, because children add new stanzas as the rhymes travel from schoolyard to schoolyard, and city to city. This chapter features children critiquing their own performances as well as explaining in detail how games are played.
Conclusion
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

The author finds that recording children as they engaged in verbal intercourse taught her many things: The author, herself, by trial and error, learned to listen, record, and appreciate the verbal art of children. This is an experience many adults might want to emulate. The recorded child lore conserves a large body of traditional rhymes, songs, taunts, handclaps, and jokes. The child lore also presents new material, much of it gleaned from popular culture. Child lore has expanded over the years to include play aided by technology—phone play, computer play, video games, and reenactments of television and movie scenes. Children on a playground function as a self-governing "people." They make their own rules, and gather in cliques and gangs, which they defend both physically and verbally. Children excel at teaching one another. Children still share verbal lore, despite shorter recesses, endless television watching, and the dominance of computer technology.
Transforming Girls
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

Transforming Girls: The Power of Nineteenth-Century Adolescence refocuses the history of the girls’ book and female adolescence through a comparative analysis of forgotten bestsellers aimed at adolescent girls in the United States and Germany. While these stories rely on gender binaries and suggest that girls must accommodate and support a patriarchal framework to be happy, they also provide access to imagined worlds in which teens are at the center. This is a space where mentors who trust themselves and the girl’s essentially good nature neutralize the girl’s own anxieties about maturity. These mid-nineteenth-century novels focus on female adolescence as a social category in unexpected ways. They draw not on a twentieth-century model of the alienated adolescent, but on a model of collaborative growth. Adolescence—a category that continues to engage and perplex us—is defined in these novels as a celebration of fluid identity and the deliberate construction of a self.
Through insightful readings of best-selling novels, Transforming Girls explores the origins of the young adult novel, mothering as a communal enterprise, the teaching of gender identity, the girls’ book as a model for narratives of nation building, and homesickness as an antidote to nostalgia. It provides access to a forgotten group of texts that reframe our understanding of the history of the girls’ book, young adult literature, and the possibilities of adolescence. The awkward adolescent girl—so popular in mid-nineteenth-century fiction for girls—remains a valuable resource for understanding contemporary girls and stories about them.
Defining the Backfisch
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

The image of the German Backfisch provides a context within which we can recover understudied early novels for girls, novels that portray adolescence not in terms of hormonal distress and social alienation, but as a creative space for growth. In the mid-nineteenth-century, authors in both the United States and Germany created adolescent protagonists who could be profitably uncomfortable and awkward, who could make and learn from mistakes, and who could aim for maturity rather than perfect girlhood. These stories describe the journey from a country home to the city, the shift from natural child to embarrassed teenager, and the power of education to shape healthy women. By focusing on the girl’s interiority, these authors foreground her desire for self-improvement rather than her sexual vulnerability. Early girl’s novels provide a less fraught vision of growing up. They imagine adolescence as a protected, profitable time rather than as a problem for adults and teenagers to endure.
Loving Girls, Loving Growth
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

By re-focusing the history of the girls’ book in the United States and Germany to include Backfischliteratur, readers can see more clearly the conditions that lead to suffering and growth in more recent novels such as Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush(1982), Under the Mesquite (2011) and The Chaos (2012). These novels for adolescent girls first portray their protagonists struggling to grow in unsympathetic environments before recognizing the girls’ despair and alienation as a symptom of their need for nurture. The image of the Backfisch opens up an alternate model of adolescence, one that celebrates messy growth, community support, and the lifelong process of transformation.
Characteristics of blood pressure level in children with different body weight
Authors: Chubarov T. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Batischeva G. A. , Zhdanova O. A. , Sharshova O. G. , Artyushchenko A. I. , Bessonova A. V. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Essential arterial hypertension (AH) develops more often in children with accompanying risk factors — obesity, overweight, positive heredity and genetic predisposition.AIM: Study of peculiarities of arterial hypertension clinical course in adolescents with normal body weight, overweight and obesity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on children with arterial hypertension who received treatment in two hospitals in Voronezh in 2016–2020. A retrospective analysis of the children’s case histories was carried out taking into account the anamnesis, clinical laboratory and instrumental examination data and the pharmacotherapy. Some children underwent polymerase chain reaction genetic testing to determine pathological alleles of genes regulating blood pressure (BP).RESULTS: 96 patients aged 9 to 17 took part in the study. The group with normal body weight included 38 children (39.6%), median age 16.4 (aged 10.7; 17.9), with overweight — 33 people (34.4%), median age 15.2 (aged 12.0; 17.9), with obesity — 25 children (26.0%), median age 14.5 (aged 9.2; 17.9). Obese children developed arterial hypertension at earlier age (p = 0.023). According to blood pressure daily monitoring (BPDM), pathological values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the day (above the 95th percentile) among children with normal body weight were observed in 17 patients (44.7%), with excess body weight — in 14 people (42.4%), with obesity — in 16 people (64%), p = 0.031. Accurate difference values between the groups were obtained in terms of time index (TI) of SBP at night (p = 0.006). Time index of diastolic BP during the day > 50% was observed only in the obese children group — 4 people (16%) (p = 0.042). Pathological alleles of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT: 704 T>C), aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2: -344 C>T) and endothelial nitrogen synthase type 3 (NOS3: -786 T> C) were identified most frequently during genetic testing in some patients.CONCLUSION: Children with obesity developed earlier arterial hypertension compared to the same-age children with normal body weight and more often had unfavorable type of arterial hypertension according to BPDM. These results can be used to choose individual therapy and to develop special attention as regards certain target organs damage.
Fast food and obesity: risks to children and adolescents?
Authors: Tsutiyeva A. Sh. , Dzgoeva F. Kh. 
Published: May 2022

In the modern world, fast food is becoming part of the food culture; herewith, children and teenagers are no exception. A fairly busy lifestyle and lack of time contribute to an increasingly frequent appeal to fast food outlets. Given the national health policies of many countries, including those aimed at keeping up and supporting healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents, the researchers are increasingly focusing on the dependence of obesity on the younger generation’s fascination with fast food. In the proposed review, the authors have analyzed the published data represented in the studies at various levels and regarding a few problems. They are: the establishment of the relationship between a systematic intake of fast food and obesity among children and adolescents; the influence of the distance of fast food outlets from educational institutions on the occurrence and development of metabolic pathologies. Taking into consideration the relationship between fast food consumption by children and adolescents, parents and schools should strictly control their intake of unhealthy foods that leads to the weight gain and obesity-related diseases. Stopping marketing of junk food targeted at kids with eye-catching advertising personalities and gifts, could be one of the ways of childhood’s nutrition revitalizing.
Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity
Authors: Povarova O. V. , Gorodetskaya E. A. , Kulyak O. Y. , Demyanenko A. N. , Alimova I. L. , Kalenikova E. I. , Medvedev O. S. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: According to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, the plasma level of coenzyme q10 in the correlation relationship with lipid metabolism disorders and functional liver state is of interest to study.AIM: Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity based on the content of coenzyme Q10 and its relationship with lipid profile and liver enzymes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-center cross-sectional study enlisted the control (n=32, -1.0≤BMI SD score ≤+2.0) and obese (n=40, BMI SD score>+2.0) groups of children with the mean age of 12 yr. In all children BMI, lipidogram, liver enzymes (ALT and AST), plasma coenzyme Q10 and liver ultrasound examination were assessed.RESULTS: Patients of both groups were comparable (p> 0.05) in age and gender. The level of coenzyme Q10 in the compared groups was comparable (p> 0.05) and did not differ in patients with different degrees of obesity. According to the results of the study of the lipid profile in the obese children, the level of HDL was lower, and the level of LDL was higher than that in control group. The highest value of HDL was obtained in the patients with the 1st degree of obesity and the highest level of triglycerides — in the patients with the 4th degree of obesity. The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) which persists in patients with the first degree of obesity (r = 0.548, p = 0.035). There was no difference in AST in the study groups, however, the main group demonstrated elevated ALT and ALT/AST ratio (p <0.001). The highest ALT and ALT / AST ratio were observed in patients with greatest degree of obesity. Eighteen obese children (45%) had ALT / AST ratio ≥1 (in the control group –one patient (3%) (p <0.001), while fourteen patients showed liver enlargement and structure change according to ultrasound (80%). The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) and between coenzyme Q10 and ALT / AST ratio (r=0.412, p=0.023) . In the obese group there was correlation between AI and ALT / AST (r = 0.436, p = 0.006) and in patients with the 1st degree of obesity — between also coenzyme Q10 and ALT (r = 0.875, p <0.001).CONCLUSION: The disturbances in adequate control of cholesterol by coenzyme Q10 in obese children possibly confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can serve as indication to use coenzyme Q10 in order to correct these complications.
Association of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 with the changes in body fat mass in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Valeeva F. V. , Medvedeva M. S. , Kiseleva T. A. , Khasanova K. B. , Gabidinova G. F. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Depending on the polymorphism of genes that that are involved in metabolism, the response of patients to different types of therapy may differ. Despite the potential effect of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042712 ADRB2 on changes in body composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders, these associations haven’t been studied yet. AIM: To study the influence of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 on changes in body fat composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved patients with overweight or obesity and risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes development. All patients underwent genotyping with the real-time polymerase chain reaction, oral glucose tolerance test and bioimpedancemetry. Further, the patients were divided into two groups. First group kept a diet with the exclusion of simple and limitation of complex carbohydrates and fats. Second group took metformin in addition to the diet. Three months after bioimpedancemetry was performed again.RESULTS: The research involved 73 patients (the mean age 48±12 y.o., the mean BMI 34,27±6,18 kg/m2 ). The diet therapy group consisted of 47 people. Other 26 patients took metformin in addition to the diet. In group of diet, T allele carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 were characterized with more decrease in fat mass compared with CC homozygotes (- 7.90 ± 9.46% vs. -1.54 ± 8.98%, p = 0.027). CC genotype carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 in group of metformin and the diet had a tendency for more decrease in hip circumference compared with T allele carriers (-4.95 ± 3.34% vs. — 2.5 ± 2.96%, p = 0.064). Carriers of C allele in homozygous state of rs1042714 ADRB2, who took metformin with the diet, demonstrated more decrease in hip circumference (- 5.81 ± 3.00% vs. -2.50 ± 2.7%, p = 0.009), the tendency for decrease in fat mass (-8.28 ± 8.86% vs. — 3.20 ± 5.09%, p = 0.068) and waist circumference (-5.91 ± 4.29% vs. -3.03 ± 4.01 %, p = 0.091) compared with G allele carriers. The association of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 with changes in total body weight was not observed (p> 0.05).CONCLUSION: Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 influence on body fat composition in patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in various types of treatment.
The specifics of pulsar radio emission
Authors: Losovsky Boris Ya. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A characteristic property of pulsars is pulsed periodic radio emission, which has a high stability of periods. Despite the high stability of the emission periods of pulsars, monitoring the time of arrival of pulses (timing) shows the presence of different types of irregularities: variations of residual deviations, changes in the shape of the pulse, switching on and off of radio emission, and rotation discontinuities. Numerous observations of the radio emission of pulsars indicate that they are caused mainly by processes occurring in the pulsar’s magnetosphere. The special interest causes the observations of a pulsar in the Crab Nebula, performed, in particular, at Jodrell Bank and Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory of Lebedev Physical Institute. The connection between the scattering of radio pulses and the measure of the pulsar dispersion, which was established earlier in Pushchino together with Jodrell Bank, has been confirmed. The observed variations in the scattering of radio pulses and their partial correlation with the dispersion measure are explained by the eclipse of the pulsar by plasma clouds with electron density fluctuations significantly exceeding the corresponding fluctuations in the interstellar medium. The question of a possible connection between glitches, dispersion measure variations, radio pulses scattering, and gamma-ray flares is discussed.
Genotype by environment interaction and association of yield contributing traits in sunflower genotypes under the environmental condition of Sargodha, Pakistan
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Arslan , Akhtar Naeem , Gul Samrin , Saleem Usman , Mahmood Talat , Aziz Ahsan , Asif Muhammad , Raza Nadeem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oil content and other yield contributing metric traits are highly influenced by environmental conditions hence, the phenotype of a trait is a response of interaction between environment and genetic makeup of crop. Climate change is one of the major challenge faced by growers nowadays because it adversely affects the growth and development of sunflower and ultimately reduce oil content. Therefore, keeping in view the challenge of climate change, the present research was conducted during 2019, to evaluate the performance of 28 sunflower hybrids under normal and terminal heat stress conditions at the research farms of the College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-Pakistan. Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm), head diameter (cm), 100-achene weight (g) and oil contents (%). Analysis of variance revealed the presence of genetic diversity among 28 hybrids for all the traits under consideration. Irrespective of traits, the mean square revealed the role of experimental error was minimum than the environment, genotype and their interaction (G × E). The environmental influence was found to be 68.94, 49.99, 53.94% for days to 100% flowering, stem girth (cm) and 100-achene weight (g), respectively. However, genotypes play a major source of variation for head diameter (cm) and oil content (%). Oil content has a significant positive correlation with traits under study. Based on mean performance under normal and terminal heat stress conditions hybrid SF-19033 and SF-19028 performed best for yield contributing traits and adoptable under the environmental conditions of Sargodha-Pakistan.
Numerical simulation of inner characteristics in COREX shaft furnace with center gas distribution: influence of bed structure
Authors: Zhou Heng , Xu Kun , Huang Jian , Kou Mingyin , Wu Shengli , Zhang Zuoliang , Zhao Baojun , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The packed structure, such as packing density and particle size distribution, of COREX shaft furnace, directly affects the gas flow and reaction process. A two-dimensional steady-state mathematical model was developed to study the influence of five packed structures on the gas flow, pressure distribution, species composition, and solid metallization rate in a COREX shaft furnace with center gas supply. The results show that the gas velocity is relatively uniform along the radial direction under Case-P. Under Case-InV and Case-V, the gas velocity increases and decreases gradually from the center to the wall zone respectively. The gas velocity contour in the upper part of the shaft in Case-M is ‘M’ shape, while it shows ‘W’ shape in Case-W. The order of pressure drop under five packed structures is Case-P > Case-M > Case-W > Case-InV > Case-V, and for the solid metallization rate, the order is Case-V > Case-W > Case-P > Case-M > Case- InV. As Case-V has the lowest pressure drop and largest metallization rate, the charging matrix in practical production should develop towards a ‘V’ shaped burden profile in the upper of the packed bed in the COREX shaft furnace.
Research progress on N6-methyladenosine in the human placenta
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Xue Pingping , Yang Yuqi , Xia Lin , Yu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic RNA. Under the jointly reversible regulation of related enzymes, m6A regulates many aspects of RNA, such as translation, stability and degradation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of m6A in placenta-related diseases.

Methods
Data were compiled from 2018 to 2021 citations in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords: placenta AND N6-methyladenosine. Seven studies were included.

Results
In this study, we introduced some conventional methods to detect m6A modification at the whole RNA, region (peak) and single base levels. We also summarized the current studies of m6A modification in the placenta and briefly describe m6A in placental-related diseases, including recurrent miscarriage (RM), preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Conclusions
Although the relevant reports are still in the preliminary stage and some results are inconsistent, studies on methylation m6A modification have contributed new ideas for the research of reproductive diseases, providing a new basis for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and monitoring of related diseases.