bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Ligaments and Droplets Via Multiview Digital Inline Holography
Authors: Shang Weixiao , Gomez Mateo , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDigital inline holography (DIH) is a three-dimensional (3D) measurement technique widely used in the characterizations of particles, droplets, and bubbly flows. When collimated coherent light passes an object field, the disturbed and undisturbed components will superimpose at the imaging plane and form an interference pattern (hologram) due to their phase variation. By analyzing the phase information encoded in the hologram, the shapes and locations of objects can be reconstructed. However, the reconstruction produces higher levels of uncertainty along the line of sight, which is the out-of-plane direction normal to the imaging plane. Additionally, the reconstructions algorithm cannot resolve structures blocked by other features along the recording path. To overcome these limitations, prior works have implemented DIH from two to three views on simple geometries. In this work, multiview digital inline holography is presented with (≥3) views to enable the reconstruction of 3D structures with complex surface topologies, including ligaments and droplets during the primary liquid breakup. The approach is similar to DIH but with a different postprocessing method that combines the information on 3D edge outlines extracted from different DIH viewing angles. Two reconstruction approaches, an outline-based method, and another cross section-based method, are developed and applied on holograms of a 3D-printed test model imitating droplet breakup. With only three views, both methods provide limited reconstruction results with various artifacts. The outline-based method uses more spatial information but, due to practical limitations, results in lower-fidelity reconstructions than the cross section-based method. In general, DIH reconstructions struggle with concave structures even with more than six views due to shadowing of obstructed structures. However, when the number of views increases to six, the cross section-based reconstruction method yields morphological details close to the test model.
Wind Tunnel Probe Into an Array of Small-Scale Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines Operating at Low Tip Speed Ratio Conditions
Authors: Siram Ojing , Kumar Ravi , Saha Ujjwal K. , Sahoo Niranjan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent times, the small wind farms consisting of small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) have emerged as suitable candidates for electric power generation. In view of this, an experimental study on the arrays of two SHAWTs has been performed in a wind tunnel to find the individual/combined performance(s) along with the downstream wake assessment. The rotor blades composed of Eppler E216 airfoil and having radius of 120 mm are designed using the blade element momentum theory. The operational limit of tip speed ratio (λ) is kept between 0.5 and 6. The upstream turbine (UsT) is capable to produce a maximum power coefficient (Cpmax) of 0.30 at a wind speed U = 8 m/s, whereas at the same wind speed, the downstream turbine (DsT) produces Cpmax values of 0.12, 0.13, and 0.15 when installed at a distance of 6R, 8R, and 10R from the UsT, respectively. Another notable feature is the change in the operational limit of λ for DsT due to the wake of UsT. The streamwise velocity measurement at the different downstream locations of UsT shows the formation of W-shape velocity deficit within the near wake regime that loses its shape as the distance downstream goes beyond 12R due to ∼60–70% flow recovery.
LiDAR Measurements of Wind Shear Exponents and Turbulence Intensity Offshore the Northeast United States
Authors: Viselli Anthony , Faessler Nathan , Filippelli Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents wind speed shear exponents and turbulence intensity (TI) measurements collected from light imaging, detection, and ranging instruments (LiDARs) measuring wind speeds from 40 m to 200 m above sea level and provides comparisons to industry design guidelines. The high-altitude wind speed data are unique and represent some of the first measurements made offshore in this part of the country, which is actively being developed for offshore wind. The data are used to support the New England Aqua Ventus I Floating Offshore Wind Farm to be located 17 km offshore the Northeast United States. Multiple LiDAR measurements were made using a DeepCLiDAR floating buoy and LiDARs located on a nearby island. The measured wind speed shear exponents are compared against industry standard mesoscale model outputs and offshore design codes including the American Bureau of Shipping, American Petroleum Institute, and Det Norske Veritas-Germanischer Lloyd guides. Significant variation in the vertical wind speed profile occurs throughout the year which is not addressed in design standards. Additionally, TI measurements made from the LiDAR, although not widely accepted in the scientific community, are presented and compared against industry guidelines.
Influence of Electric Current on the Wear Topography of Electrical Contact Surfaces
Authors: Zuo Xue , Xie Wenxin , Zhou Yuankai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wind pitch slip ring consists of several circuits applied with changing electric current, which makes the wear mechanism extremely complicated. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of electric current on the wear behavior of friction pair using a ball-on-disc tribometer. The wear test was carried out with normal loads of 10 N and 15 N and applied electrical current ranging from 0.5 to 20 A. Wear topographies without electric current, with small (0.5–5 A) and large (5–20 A) electric current, were analyzed. The characteristic parameters (surface roughness, wear volume, and multifractal parameters) were used to comprehensively characterize the wear topography. The results indicate that the characteristic parameters of topography without current are the smallest. The main wear mechanism of friction pair without current is adhesion wear. The characteristic parameters fluctuate in a large range for the small current. The main wear mechanism of ball sample is adhesion wear with slightly arc ablation, but that of the disc sample is adhesion wear. The characteristic parameters increase with the electric current for the large current. The main wear mechanism of the ball sample is the interaction of adhesion wear and arc ablation, but that of disc sample is adhesion wear with slightly arc ablation. The electric current will aggravate the wear of friction pair and increase the singularity and complexity of the surface. The results are of great significance for guiding anti-wear design of wind pitch slip ring.
Adiposity and risks of vascular and non-vascular mortality among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year prospective study
Authors: Iona Andri , Bragg Fiona , Guo Yu , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Pei Pei , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Wang Xiaohuan , Zhou Jinyi , Chen Junshi , Clarke Robert , Li Liming , Parish Sarah , Chen Zhengming 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAmong individuals with diabetes, high adiposity has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (the so-called ‘obesity paradox’ phenomenon) in Western populations, for reasons that are still not fully elucidated. Moreover, little is known about such phenomena in Chinese adults with diabetes among whom very few were obese. We aimed to assess the associations of adiposity with vascular and non-vascular mortality among individuals with diabetes, and compare these with associations among individuals without diabetes.Research design and methodsIn 2004–2008, the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited >512 000 adults from 10 areas in China. After ~10 years of follow-up, 3509 deaths (1431 from CVD) were recorded among 23 842 individuals with diabetes but without prior major diseases at baseline. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs associating adiposity with mortality.ResultsAmong people with diabetes, body mass index (BMI) (mean 25.0 kg/m2) was positively log linearly associated with CVD incidence (n=9943; HR=1.19 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.22) per 5 kg/m2), but showed U-shaped associations with CVD and overall mortality, with lowest risk at 22.5–24.9 kg/m2. At lower BMI, risk of death (n=671) within 28 days of CVD onset was particularly elevated, with an HR of 3.26 (95% CI 2.29 to 4.65) at <18.5 kg/m2relative to 22.5–24.9 kg/m2, but no higher mortality risk at BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2. These associations were similar in self-reported and screen-detected diabetes, and persisted after extensive attempts to address reverse causality and confounding. Among individuals without diabetes (mean BMI 23.6 kg/m2; n=23 305 deaths), there were less extreme excess mortality risks at low BMI.ConclusionsAmong relatively lean Chinese adults with diabetes, there were contrasting associations of adiposity with CVD incidence and with mortality. The high mortality risk at low and high BMI levels highlights, if causal, the importance of maintaining normal weight among people with diabetes.
Musculoskeletal injuries in UK Service Personnel and the impact of in-theatre rehabilitation during Cold Weather Warfare training: Exercise CETUS 2020
Authors: Ferraby David H , Hayhurst D , Strachan R , Knapman H , Wood S , Fallowfield J L 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe Royal Marines provide the lead Service for UK Defence Mountain and Cold Weather Warfare capability. This is the first prospective study addressing musculoskeletal injury rates sustained during Cold Weather Warfare training, with the aim of informing injury mitigation interventions and assist military medical planning with respect to delivering primary care rehabilitation in theatre.MethodsAll musculoskeletal injuries were surveyed by the Forward Rehabilitation Team (Nov 2019–Mar 2020) during a Cold Weather Deployment to Norway (Ex CETUS 2019/20). The frequency, nature of injury (new or recurrent), onset (sudden or gradual), cause, location and exercise/treatment outcome were recorded.ResultsEleven per cent (n=136 cases) of the deployed population (n=1179) reported a musculoskeletal injury, which were mainly ‘new’ (62%), and with a ‘sudden’ onset (64%). Injury rate was 17.8 injuries per 10 000 personnel days. The majority of injuries occurred due to military training (88%), specifically during ski-related (61%) and load carriage (10%) activities.The average Service Person treated by the Forward Rehabilitation Team improved from ‘injured with restricted duties’ to ‘fully fit’, and with an improvement in their self-reported Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire from 33 to 45 over an average of two rehabilitation sessions. One hundred and seventeen Service Personnel were able to continue on Ex CETUS with rehabilitation in theatre, thus negating the requirement for aeromedical evacuation for continuation of rehabilitation in the UK. Nineteen patients were unable to continue their Cold Weather Deployment due to the nature of their musculoskeletal injury and returned to the UK for continued care in firm base rehabilitation centres.ConclusionThis study identifies the nature, causation and injury location. It demonstrates the effectiveness of in-theatre rehabilitation and the ability to treat patients when deployed. Recommendations are presented to support strategies to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk during future Cold Weather Warfare deployments to Norway.
Uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among men with sexually transmitted infections in Lilongwe, Malawi: a protocol for a pre-interventional and post-interventional study
Authors: Matoga Mitch M , Hosseinipour Mina C , Jewett Sara , Chasela Charles 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionVoluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is one of the key interventions for HIV prevention. However, its uptake among men in Malawi is low. Implementation science strategies for demand creation of VMMC increase uptake. We designed an implementation science demand-creation intervention to increase the uptake of VMMC among men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods and analysisWe designed a pragmatic pre-interventional and post-interventional quasi-experimental study combined with a prospective observational design to determine the uptake, acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of a multifaceted intervention for scale up of uptake of VMMC among men with STIs at Bwaila STI clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi. The intervention includes transport reimbursement (R), intensified health education (I) and short messaging service (SMS)/telephonic tracing (Te) (RITe). The intervention will be implemented in phases: pre-implementation and implementation. Pre-implementation phase will be used for collecting baseline data, while the RITe intervention will be rolled-out in the implementation phase. The RITe intervention will be implemented in a sequential and incremental manner called implementation blocks: block 1: intensified health education; block 2: intensified health education and SMS/telephonic tracing; and block 3: intensified health education, SMS/telephonic tracing and transport reimbursement. The target sample size is 80 uncircumcised men for each intervention block, including the pre-implementation sample, making a total of 320 men (280 total, 70 per block will be surveyed). The primary outcome is uptake of VMMC during the implementation period. Mixed methods assessments will be conducted to evaluate the acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of the RITe intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Malawi’s National Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 19/10/2412), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Institutional Review Board (approval number: 19–2559) and University of the Witwatersrand’s Health Research Ethics Committee (approval number: M200328). Results will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at relevant scientific conferences and meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04677374.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and “relativistic polarization” of a moving current loop”’ by J. Franklin (Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 36, 2175001 (2021))
Authors: Kholmetskii Alexander , Missevitch Oleg , Yarman Tolga 
Published: January 2022

We show that the comment by Franklin (Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 36, 2175001 (2021)) on our paper “Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and “relativistic polarization” of a moving current loop” (Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 36, 2175001 (2021)), like the previous publication of this author entitled “Complete Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density” (Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2050061 (2020)), contains fundamental errors in the physical interpretation of Lorentz transformations, which are once again disclosed with some particular examples.
Limit Cycles of Continuous Piecewise Differential Systems Formed by Linear and Quadratic Isochronous Centers I
Authors: Ghermoul Bilal , Llibre Jaume , Salhi Tayeb 
Published: January 2022

First, we study the planar continuous piecewise differential systems separated by the straight line [Formula: see text] formed by a linear isochronous center in [Formula: see text] and an isochronous quadratic center in [Formula: see text]. We prove that these piecewise differential systems cannot have crossing periodic orbits, and consequently they do not have crossing limit cycles. Second, we study the crossing periodic orbits and limit cycles of the planar continuous piecewise differential systems separated by the straight line [Formula: see text] having in [Formula: see text] the general quadratic isochronous center [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] after an affine transformation, and in [Formula: see text] an arbitrary quadratic isochronous center. For these kind of continuous piecewise differential systems the maximum number of crossing limit cycles is one, and there are examples having one crossing limit cycles. In short for these families of continuous piecewise differential systems we have solved the extension of the 16th Hilbert problem.
Time-of-Day and Clinical Outcomes After Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the PARTNER Trials
Authors: Vincent Flavien , Thourani Vinod H. , Ternacle Julien , Redfors Bjorn , Cohen David J. , Hahn Rebecca T. , Li Ditian , Crowley Aaron , Webb John G. , Mack Michael J. , Kapadia Samir , Russo Mark , Smith Craig R. , Alu Maria C. , Leon Martin B. , Pibarot Philippe 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Circadian rhythms may influence myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion phenomena occurring during cardiac procedures. While conflicting results exist on the effect of time-of-day on surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), afternoon procedures could be associated with a reduced risk of death, rehospitalization or periprocedural myocardial infarction, compared with morning procedures. We examined the impact of procedure time-of-day on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or SAVR.

Methods:
We analyzed patients at intermediate- or high-surgical risk who underwent elective TAVR (n=4457) or SAVR (n=1129) in the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) 1 and 2 trials and registries according to time-of-day (morning versus afternoon) using the Kaplan-Meier event rates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using 1:1 propensity-score matching. The primary end point was all-cause death or rehospitalization at 2 years.

Results:

At 2 years, no difference was observed between patients operated in the morning versus the afternoon within the SAVR (32.3% versus 30.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.82–1.41],
P
=0.58) and TAVR cohorts (35.7% versus 35.4%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89–1.14],
P
=0.86) with regards to the primary end point. Rates of periprocedural myocardial infarction were low and similar between morning and afternoon in SAVR (1.6% versus 1.0%,
P
=0.51) and TAVR (0.4% versus 0.4%,
P
=0.86), as were all other clinical end points. Similar results were observed in propensity-score matched analysis.

Conclusions:
Procedure time-of-day was not associated with clinical outcomes after TAVR or SAVR.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00530894, NCT01314313, NCT03222141, and NCT03222128.
Normalizing the brain connectome for communication through synchronization
Authors: Petkoski Spase , Jirsa Viktor K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Networks in neuroscience determine how brain function unfolds, and their perturbations lead to psychiatric disorders and brain disease. Brain networks are characterized by their connectomes, which comprise the totality of all connections, and are commonly described by graph theory. This approach is deeply rooted in a particle view of information processing, based on the quantification of informational bits such as firing rates. Oscillations and brain rhythms demand, however, a wave perspective of information processing based on synchronization. We extend traditional graph theory to a dual, particle-wave, perspective, integrate time delays due to finite transmission speeds, and derive a normalization of the connectome. When applied to the database of the Human Connectome Project, it explains the emergence of frequency-specific network cores including the visual and default mode networks. These findings are robust across human subjects (N = 100) and are a fundamental network property within the wave picture. The normalized connectome comprises the particle view in the limit of infinite transmission speeds and opens the applicability of graph theory to a wide range of novel network phenomena, including physiological and pathological brain rhythms. These two perspectives are orthogonal, but not incommensurable, when understood within the novel, here-proposed, generalized framework of structural connectivity.
Normalization effect of levodopa on hierarchical brain function in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Guo Tao , Xuan Min , Zhou Cheng , Wu Jingjing , Gao Ting , Bai Xueqin , Liu Xiaocao , Gu Luyan , Liu Ruiqi , Song Zhe , Gu Quanquan , Huang Peiyu , Pu Jiali , Zhang Baorong , Xu Xiaojun , Guan Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hierarchical brain organization, in which the rich club and diverse club situate in core position, is critical for global information integration in the human brain network. Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common movement disorder, has been conceptualized as a network disorder. Levodopa is an effective treatment for PD. Whether there is a functional divergence in the hierarchical brain system under PD pathology, and how this divergence is regulated by immediate levodopa therapy, remains unknown. We constructed a functional network in 61 PD patients and 89 normal controls and applied graph theoretical analyses to examine the neural mechanism of levodopa short response from the perspective of brain hierarchical configuration. The results revealed the following: (a) PD patients exhibited disrupted function within rich-club organization, while the diverse club preserved function, indicating a differentiated brain topological organization in PD. (b) Along the rich-club derivate hierarchical system, PD patients showed impaired network properties within rich-club and feeder subnetworks, and decreased nodal degree centrality in rich-club and feeder nodes, along with increased nodal degree in peripheral nodes, suggesting distinct functional patterns in different types of nodes. And (c) levodopa could normalize the abnormal network architecture of the rich-club system. This study provides evidence for levodopa effects on the hierarchical brain system with divergent functions.
Understanding the Effects of Tactile Grating Patterns on Perceived Roughness Over Ultrasonic Friction Modulation Surfaces
Authors: Chu Shaowei , Tu Huawei 
Published: January 2022

Objective Our study aims to investigate the effects of grating patterns of perceived roughness on surfaces with ultrasonic friction modulation, and also to examine user performance of identifying different numbers of grating patterns. Background In designing grating-based tactile textures, the widths of low- and high-friction zones are a crucial factor for generating grating patterns that convey roughness sensation. However, few studies have explored the design space of efficient grating patterns that users can easily distinguish and identify via roughness perception. Method Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, we conducted a magnitude estimation of perceived roughness for both low- and high-friction zones, each with widths of 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.5 mm. In the second experiment, we required participants to identify 5 pattern groups with 2–6 patterns respectively. Results Perceived roughness fitted a linear trend for low- or high-friction zones with widths of 0.38 mm or lower. Perceived roughness followed an inverted U-shaped curve for low- or high-friction zones with widths greater than 0.5 mm but less than 2.0 mm. The peak points occurred at the widths of 0.38 mm for both low- and high-friction zones. The statistical analysis indicates that both low- and high-friction zones had similar effects on human perception of surface roughness. In addition, participants could memorize and identify up to four tactile patterns with identification accuracy rates higher than 90% and average reaction time less than 2.2 s. Conclusions The relation between perceived roughness and varying widths of grating patterns follows linear or inverted U-shape trends. Participants could efficiently identify 4 or fewer patterns with high accuracy (>90%) and short reaction time (<2.2 s). Application Our findings can contribute to tactile interface design such as tactile alphabets and target-approaching indicators.