bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process characterization in industrial vessels by flow-following sensor particles
Authors: Reinecke Sebastian Felix , Buntkiel Lukas , Kipping Ragna , Hampel Uwe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Instrumented flow-following sensor particles have been developed for investigation of hydrodynamic and biochemical processes in chemical reactors and bioreactors, where standard measurement techniques are not applicable. The sensor particles allow autonomous long-term measurement of spatially distributed process parameters in the chemically and mechanically harsh environments of e.g. agitated industrial vessels. Each sensor particle comprises of an on-board measurement electronics that logs the signals of the embedded sensors. A buoyancy control unit enables automated taring to achieve neutral buoyancy of the sensor particles. Moreover, controlled floating of the sensor particles is possible to expose them for recovery from the liquid surface. Macro-flow tracking of the sensor particles is validated with circulation time reference measurements by means of salt tracer experiments in a stirred model reactor and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Moreover, process characterization with sensor particles is demonstrated in three further applications, namely a biogas pilot digester, an air–water column and a biological wastewater treatment basin. Acquired data were used to fit mixing model parameters, namely effective circulation time, circulation number, degree of suspension and Péclet number.
Emerging technologies in the field of thermometry
Authors: Dedyulin S , Ahmed Z , Machin G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The past decade saw the emergence of new temperature sensors that have the potential to disrupt a century-old measurement infrastructure based on resistance thermometry. In this review we present an overview of emerging technologies that are either in the earliest stages of metrological assessment or in the earliest stages of commercial development and thus merit further consideration by the measurement community. The following emerging technologies are reviewed: Johnson noise thermometry, optical refractive-index gas thermometry, Doppler line broadening thermometry, optomechanical thermometry, fiber-coupled phosphor thermometry, fiber-optic thermometry based on Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman scattering, fiber-Bragg-grating thermometry, Bragg-waveguide-grating thermometry, ring-resonator thermometry, and photonic-crystal-cavity thermometry. For each emerging technology, we explain the working principle, highlight the best known performance, list advantages and drawbacks of the new temperature sensor and present possibilities for future developments.
Tannic acid modified PdAu alloy nanowires as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Jiao Shiqian , Liu Songliang , Yin Shuli , Zhou Tongqing , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Design of the structure, composition and interface of the catalysts is very important to improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity under alkaline environment. Herein, we propose a direct method to rapid synthesis of tannic acid (TA) modified PdAu alloy nanowires (PdAu@TA NWs). Compared with pure PdAu NWs and commercial Pt/C, the PdAu@TA NWs exhibit superior ORR electrocatalytic activity (mass activity: 0.73 A mg−1
metal and specific activity: 3.50 mA cm−2), stability, and methanol tolerance in an alkaline medium because PdAu@TA NWs possess sufficient active sites and synergistic effect that can effectively promote the oxygen reduction, inhibit the oxidation of the catalyst and improve the methanol tolerance of the catalyst. This synthetic method is a promising strategy to prepare metallic catalyst with surface functionalization.
Assessing the insulating properties of an ultrathin SrTiO3 shell grown around GaAs nanowires with molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Peric N , Dursap T , Becdelievre J , Berthe M , Addad A , Romeo P Rojo , Bachelet R , Saint-Girons G , Lancry O , Legendre S , Biadala L , Penuelas J , Grandidier B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We have studied electronic transport in undoped GaAs/SrTiO3 core–shell nanowires standing on their Si substrate with two-tip scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. The resistance profile along the nanowires is proportional to the tip separation with resistances per unit length of a few GΩ/μm. Examination of the different transport pathways parallel to the nanowire growth axis reveals that the measured resistance is consistent with a conduction along the interfacial states at the GaAs{110} sidewalls, the 2 nm thick SrTiO3 shell being as much as resistive, despite oxygen deficient growth conditions. The origin of the shell resistivity is discussed in light of the nanowire analysis with transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, providing good grounds for the use of SrTiO3 shells as gate insulators.
Absorption enhancement in visible range from Fano resonant silicon nanoparticle arrays embedded in single crystal Mg:Er:LiNbO3 synthesized by direct ion implantation
Authors: Ma Changdong , Liu Kaijing , Ma Changsheng , Liu Yifan , Xu Yuhang , Yu Shuang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fano resonant Si nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized in single-crystal Mg:Er:LiNbO3 using ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing. The structural and optical properties of the Si NPs embedded in the crystal have been investigated. Spherical particles with radius of about 60 nm are observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscope, while ion beam analysis are used to characterize the NPs formation process. The absorption of the Mg:Er:LiNbO3 crystals have been enhanced significantly due to the embedded Si NPs, which are induced by the Fano resonance effect in the visible light wavelength band. Periodic structures of spherical Si particles model is proposed and analyzed using the Mie theory to study the optical response features and local fields. As a result, numerical simulations demonstrate that periodicities of the array of Si NPs can yield narrow resonant peaks connected with multiple light scattering by the NPs and displaying a Fano-type resonant profile. The wavelengths of the absorption peak show clear red shift with increasing the radius of NPs and the peak intensity can be enhanced by decreasing the array period. This work opens an avenue to modulate the optical filed by embedding Fano resonant Si NPs for potential application in optical devices.
A toughening design for stretchable composite embedded with strain-rate stiffening elastomer
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Wang Yu , Ni Mingyang , Wang Bochao , Deng Huaxia , Xuan Shouhu , Gong Xinglong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Herein, a macroscopic double-network (DN) design for stretchable composite is proposed by embedding strain-rate stiffening elastomer (SSE) reinforced bars into the Ecoflex matrix. Due to the complementarity of mechanical properties between the soft-phase Ecoflex and hard-phase SSE as well as the strong interfacial bond strength, the Ecoflex/SSE composite achieves higher toughness and fatigue threshold than traditional single-network elastomers. Besides, based on the crack propagation characterization, strain-field evolution investigation, and finite element analysis, the fracture toughness of the Ecoflex/SSE composite is proved to be enhanced with the increase of the external strain rates. Interestingly, a sideway crack-arrest morphology is observed above 0.1 s−1, displaying a better anti-crack ability of the Ecoflex/SSE composite at the higher strain rate. As a fundamental research in macroscopic DN composite, the method in this work provides a new idea for the toughening optimization of the strain-rate stiffening material. With the high fracture toughness, fatigue threshold, and flexibility, the Ecoflex/SSE composite has broad application prospects in designing high-performance stretchable elastomers.
Performance evaluation of a superconducting flywheel energy storage system incorporating an AC homopolar motor layout
Authors: Bao Ze , Jing Hailian , Liu Wei , Hou Jinsong , Zhang Yumin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel high-temperature superconducting flywheel energy storage system (SFESS) is proposed. The SFESS adopts both a superconducting magnetic bearing and a superconducting alternating current (AC) homopolar motor. The superconducting AC homopolar motor has structural advantages in high-speed operation, however performance of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) field coil is easily affected by the external magnetic field generated by armature windings in the process of flywheel charge and discharge, and should be paid attention. We established an electromagnetic-thermal co-calculation model of the HTS coil to analyze the coil characteristics in this application. Simulation results demonstrate that the magnetic flux density is small near the central region of the coil and is the largest at the edges of the coil. The temperature rise caused by the change of magnetic field distribution reduces the critical current density of the tapes and increases AC loss. Furthermore, we studied the grid connection control strategy of the SFESS, which adopts double closed-loop control and direct power control, and verified the feasibility of the control strategy by multi software real-time and dynamic co-simulation. Works in this paper give some guidance to further development of a 50 kW·h SFESS prototype. All the configurations of the SFESS, the method of calculating AC loss of HTS field coil, and the control strategy of the SFESS system could be extended to large commercial units.
Chemical characterization of ceramides isolated from a gliding marine bacterium Aureispira marina
Authors: Kawahara Kazuyoshi , Yokota Akira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ceramides containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids were purified from a gliding marine bacterium Aureispira marina, and their chemical structure was investigated. The ceramide molecules contained 2-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecenoic acid, and the double bond of the latter fatty acid was proved to be located between the positions C3 and C4. The major portion of these 2-hydroxy fatty acids was determined to have D-configuration (S-configuration) after diastereomeric derivatization. Three carbon skeletons were found in sphingosines from ceramides, i.e. 1: 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4-octadecen, 2: 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-17-methyl-4-octadecen, and 3: 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-9-methyl-4-octadecen. Molecules with additional double bonds were found in sphingosines with structures 1 and 3. The presence of ceramides with these chemical characteristics would be a significant feature for the taxonomy of A. marina and related bacteria.
Bowel recovery after intra vs extracorporeal anastomosis for oncologic laparoscopic right hemicolectomy within an ERAS protocol: A retrospective study
Authors: Popeskou S-G , Bernardi L , Mongelli F , Roesel R , Cristaudi A , Garofalo F , Christoforidis D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Restoring bowel continuity after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an intra-corporeal (IC) rather than an extracorporeal (EC) ileocolic anastomosis, may offer advantages in post-operative recovery. The aim of this study was to compare bowel function recovery between these two techniques, in a context of complete mesocolic excision within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods
All consecutive patients who underwent oncologic laparoscopic right hemicolectomy from January 2012 until February 2021 in our institution were included in the study. Data were gathered from the prospectively maintained official ERAS (EIAS) database and completed through our institution's electronic health records. The primary endpoint was Prolonged Postoperative Ileus (PPOI), defined as the need to insert a nasogastric tube, or refractory nausea VAS &gt; 4, on or after the third postoperative day. Secondary endpoints were postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay (LoS).

Results
122 patients met the inclusion criteria, 36 (30%) had IC, and 86 (70%) EC anastomosis. Baseline characteristics were similar. Operative time was longer in the IC group (197 min (176–223) vs. 160 min (140–189, p&lt;0.001). There was no difference in post-operative morbidity between groups. PPOI occurred in 2 (5.6%) patients in the IC group vs. 10 (11.6%) in the EC group (p=0.306). Patients in the IC group had an earlier first passage of gas (1.5 days (1–2) vs. 2 days (1–3), p=0.035) and stool (2 days (2–4) vs. 3 days (2–4), p=0.029). Upon multivariate analysis, pain VAS scores at 24 h, age and complications Clavien-Dindo &gt;III, but not the anastomotic technique were independent predictors of slower bowel function recovery. IC anastomosis was an independent predictor of lower pain VAS scores at 24 h (OR 0.341, 95%CI [0.151–0.767], p=0.009) and shorter LoS (OR 0.346, 95%CI [0.132–0.910], p=0.031).

Conclusion
Although IC anastomosis was not significantly associated to lower rates of PPOI, it conferred advantages in terms of less post-operative pain, a trend for faster bowel recovery and shorter LoS at the expense of longer operating times.
Practices and knowledge of socio-environmental organisations and movements in Maule, Chile and Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Naranjo Nélida 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is generally accepted that the effects of climate change are a significant threat to human ecosystems, culture and health, and to global economic development as a whole. In response to these environmental changes and the attendant human vulnerability, it is imperative that social workers can more consciously lead the planning and social advocacy efforts needed to meet this challenge. The poorest and most vulnerable communities generally suffer the worst effects of climate change, and it is, therefore, essential to understand the different experiences of socio-environmental organisations and movements in response to environmental justice issues. This article presents the results of a comparative exploratory research study on Chile and Colombia, focusing on the practices and knowledge of socio-environmental organisations and movements in the Maule Region, Chile and the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. The research uses qualitative methodology and considers the views of nine social actors and leaders, four in Chile and five in Colombia. The conclusions indicate that these socio-environmental organisations see their purpose as defending water and territory, they fulfil a local advocacy role and they raise awareness and provide education on issues through participation and collective action.
Houston, We Have a Problem: Reports of Clostridioides difficile Isolates With Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility
Authors: Greentree David Henry , Rice Louis B , Donskey Curtis J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During the past 4 decades, oral vancomycin has been a mainstay of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) therapy with no reports of treatment failure due to emergence of vancomycin resistance. However, C. difficile isolates with high-level phenotypic resistance to vancomycin have recently been reported in 3 distinct geographic regions. There is an urgent need for surveillance to determine if strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility are circulating in other areas. In a Cleveland-area hospital, screening of 176 CDI stool specimens yielded no C. difficile isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility and highlighted the potential for false-positive results due to contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Additional studies are needed to clarify whether reduced vancomycin susceptibility is an emerging problem that will alter clinical practice. Clinicians should alert their health department if they observe a substantial increase in the frequency of vancomycin treatment failure in patients diagnosed with CDI with no alternative explanation for diarrhea.
Cost-effectiveness ofCYP2C19-guided P2Y12 inhibitors in Veterans undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Dong Olivia M , Friede Kevin A , Chanfreau-Coffinier Catherine , Voora Deepak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsCYP2C19-guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection can reduce cardiovascular (CV) events and bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The 12-month cost-effectiveness of CYP2C19-guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection for Veterans post-ACS/PCI was evaluated from the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) perspective.Methods and resultsUsing average annualized PCI volumes and P2Y12 inhibitor use from VA data, a decision-analytic model simulated CYP2C19 testing vs. no testing outcomes in 2800 hypothetical Veterans receiving PY212 inhibitor for 12 months post-ACS/PCI (74% clopidogrel, 5% prasugrel, and 21% ticagrelor use at baseline without testing). CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) carrier prevalence was 28%. Model inputs were from studies (bleeding/ischaemic events, CYP2C19-guided therapy effect, health state utilities, CYP2C19 LOF carrier prevalence) and VHA administrative data (costs of events, drugs, CYP2C19 testing; PCI volumes, and P2Y12 inhibitor prescriptions). The primary outcome was cost (2020 US${\$}$) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Base-case scenarios, probabilistic sensitivity analyses, and scenario analyses were completed. CYP2C19-guided therapy resulted in 496 (24%) escalations (clopidogrel to prasugrel/ticagrelor) and 465 (65%) de-escalations (prasugrel/ticagrelor to clopidogrel). CYP2C19 testing averted 1 stroke, 27 myocardial infarctions, 8 CV-related deaths, and caused 3 bleeds. CYP2C19 testing (vs. no testing) was dominant in the base-case scenario (0.0027 QALYs gained, ${\$}$527 saved/person) and in 97.1% of simulations, making it cost-effective and high-value. In scenario analyses, de-escalation in conjunction with escalation is required for CYP2C19 testing to be cost-effective and high-value.ConclusionIn Veterans post-ACS/PCI, CYP2C19-guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection can improve CV outcomes and lower costs for the VHA within 12 months of implementation.
Best methods for urine sample collection for diagnostic accuracy in women with urinary tract infection symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Llor Carl , Moragas Ana , Aguilar-Sánchez Mercedes , García-Sangenís Ana , Monfà Ramon , Morros Rosa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Most guidelines recommend a midstream urine (MSU) or a midstream clean-catch (MSCC) sample for urinalysis. However, whether this sample is better than others is still controversial.

Objectives
To assess the most adequate non-invasive method to collect a urine specimen for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in symptomatic non-pregnant women.

Methods
This review was conducted according to the Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42021241758). PubMed was searched paired sample studies and controlled trials. Studies comparing MSCC, MSU without cleaning, first-void urine, and random voiding samples were considered. Studies evaluating invasive methods were excluded. The main outcome was diagnostic accuracy of urine cultures. Contamination rates were evaluated. The risk of bias tool for systematic reviews on diagnostic accuracy (QUADAS-2) was assessed.

Results
Six studies including 1,010 patients were evaluated. Only two studies used paired samples. No study was considered as having low risk of bias. There was no difference in contamination for MSU specimens collected with or without cleansing and between random void urine collection and MSCC. In one study comparing first-void urine with MSU samples, the contamination rate was lower in the latter, but the gold standard of urine culture was only used for one sampling collection.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to assess the evidence available from different exclusively non-invasive urine sampling. Despite being widely recommended, our review did not find consistent evidence that asking women to provide midstream samples with or without cleansing is better.
Three-dimensional time-lapse inversion of transient electromagnetic data, with application at an Icelandic geothermal site
Authors: Xiao Longying , Fiandaca Gianluca , Maurya Pradip K , Christiansen Anders Vest , Lévy Léa 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Transient electromagnetic (TEM) is an efficient non-invasive method to map electrical conductivity distribution in the subsurface. This paper presents an inversion scheme for 3-D TEM time-lapse (TL) data using a generalized minimum support (MS) norm and its application to monitoring conductivity changes over time. In particular, two challenges for TL TEM applications are addressed: (i) the survey repetition with slightly different acquisition position, that is, because systems are not installed and (ii) non-optimal data coverage above the TL anomalies, for instance, due to the presence of infrastructure that limits the acquisition layout because of coupling. To address these issues, we developed a new TEM TL inversion scheme with the following features: (1) a multimesh approach for model definition and forward computations, which allows for seamless integration of data sets with different acquisition layouts; (2) 3-D sensitivity calculation during the inversion, which allows retrieving conductivity changes in-between TEM soundings and (3) simultaneous inversion of two data sets at once, imposing TL constraints defined in terms of a generalized MS norm, which ensures compact TL changes. We assess the relevance of our implementations through a synthetic example and a field example. In the synthetic example, we study the capability of the inversion scheme to retrieve compact time-lapse changes despite slight changes in the acquisition layout and the effect of data coverage on the retrieval of TL changes. Results from the synthetic tests are used for interpreting field data, which consists of two TEM data sets collected in 2019 and 2020 at the Nesjavellir high-temperature geothermal site (Iceland) within a monitoring project of H2S sequestration. Furthermore, the field example illustrates the effect of the trade-off between data misfit and TL constraints in the inversion objective function, using the tuning settings of the generalized MS norm. Based on the results from both the synthetic and field cases, we show that our implementation of 3-D TL inversion has a robust performance for TEM monitoring.
RABENOSYN separation-of-function mutations uncouple endosomal recycling from lysosomal degradation, causing a distinct Mendelian disorder
Authors: Paul Franziska , Ng Calista , Mohamad Sahari Umar Bin , Nafissi Shahriar , Nilipoor Yalda , Tavasoli Ali Reza , Bonnard Carine , Wong Pui-Mun , Nabavizadeh Nasrinsadat , Altunoğlu Umut , Estiar Mehrdad A , Majoie Charles B , Lee Hane , Nelson Stanley F , Gan-Or Ziv , Rouleau Guy A , Van Veldhoven Paul P , Massie Rami , Hennekam Raoul C , Kariminejad Ariana , Reversade Bruno 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rabenosyn (RBSN) is a conserved endosomal protein necessary for regulating internalized cargo. Here, we present clinical, genetic, cellular and biochemical evidence that two distinct RBSN missense variants are responsible for a novel Mendelian disorder consisting of progressive muscle weakness, facial dysmorphisms, ophthalmoplegia and intellectual disability. Using exome sequencing, we identified recessively acting germline alleles p.Arg180Gly and p.Gly183Arg, which are both situated in the FYVE domain of RBSN. We find that these variants abrogate binding to its cognate substrate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and thus prevent its translocation to early endosomes. Although the endosomal recycling pathway was unaltered, mutant p.Gly183Arg patient fibroblasts show accumulation of cargo tagged for lysosomal degradation. Our results suggest that these variants are separation-of-function alleles, which cause a delay in endosomal maturation without affecting cargo recycling. We conclude that distinct germline mutations in RBSN cause non-overlapping phenotypes with specific and discrete endolysosomal cellular defects.