bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular uropathology and cancer genetics for the urologist: key findings for classification and diagnosis
Authors: Compérat Eva , Oszwald André , Wasinger Gabriel , Kläger Johannes , Hassler Melanie R. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To highlight the latest changes in prostate cancer (PCa), urothelial carcinoma, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosis and the impact of genetics in this field.

Recent findings
Breast cancer1/2 mutations start to play a major role in PCa treatment with regard to personalized medicine. In urothelial carcinoma an overlap between histological pathological and molecular findings exists, fibroblast growth factor receptor alteration are starting to play a major role, programmed death-ligand 1 although problematic is still important in the treatment setting. UTUC is rare, but genetically different from urothelial carcinoma. In the development of RCC, different genetic pathways such as Von Hippel–Lindau, but also tuberous sclerosis 1/2 and others play a major role in tumor development.

Summary
Over the last years, genetics has become increasingly important role in the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with urological malignancies. The upcoming 5th edition (1) of the WHO still considers conventional surgical pathology as the diagnostic gold standard, but molecular pathology is gaining importance not only for diagnosis, but also in personalized treatment, of prostate, kidney cancer and urothelial carcinomas. Therefore, a close collaboration between surgical urology, pathology and oncology departments is mandatory. In this review, we will discuss the latest evolutions in PCa, urothelial carcinoma, upper urinary tract carcinomas and RCC s in the field of genetics in urology.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Public-Sector of Johannesburg, South Africa, in the Era of Widescale Antiretroviral Therapy Use
Authors: Vaughan Jenifer , Perner Yvonne , Wiggill Tracey 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma with increased incidence among people living with HIV-infection (PLWH). Although its frequency is reportedly attenuated by antiretroviral therapy (ART), we have previously shown a similar rate of DLBCL in the post-ART era (2017) in Johannesburg, South Africa compared with that observed when ART had only limited availability in the South Africa state-sector (2007). Here, we present a more detailed analysis of DLBCL in the pre-and post-ART eras in Johannesburg.

Methods and Results:
All cases of DLBCL diagnosed in the state-sector hospitals of Johannesburg in 2007 and 2017 were extracted from the laboratory information system, and factors of interest compared. Most (>85%) were observed among PLWH at both time-points; ART-coverage was significantly higher in 2017 compared with 2007, but with failed immunological recovery in 50% of cases. The immunohistochemically-defined cell of origin differed according to HIV-status; the germinal center (GC) and non-GC subtypes predominating in the PLWH and the HIV-negative group, respectively. MYC-gene rearrangement was more common than is reported elsewhere (22.1%), whereas BCL6 and BCL2 gene rearrangements were less so (14.6% and 0%, respectively). Slight improvement in survival was noted in the post-ART era, but remained poor, with bone marrow involvement and albumin levels ≤30 g/L independently associated with mortality.

Conclusions:
Although the frequency of DLBCL in Johannesburg has not dropped significantly in the post-ART era, a slight improvement in survival is observed. However, outcomes remain poor, indicating a need for further improvements in care.
Pregnancy and malaria: the perfect storm
Authors: Rogerson Stephen J. , Unger Holger W. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Malaria in pregnancy continues to exert a toll on pregnant women and their offspring.

Recent findings
The burden of Plasmodium falciparum infection is especially large in Africa, and new data show lasting effects of maternal infection on the infant's neurocognitive development. Elsewhere, P. vivax infection causes relapsing infections that are challenging to prevent. Infection in first trimester of pregnancy is an area of increasing focus, and its adverse effects on pregnancy outcome are increasingly recognised. First-trimester infection is common and frequently acquired prior to conception. Although newer rapid diagnostic tests still have limited sensitivity, they may be useful in detection of early pregnancy malaria for treatment. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are efficacious in later pregnancy but have yet to be recommended in first trimester because of limited safety data. In Africa, intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine improves pregnancy outcomes, but sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance is worsening. The alternative, IPTp with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, has greater antimalarial efficacy, but does not appear to improve pregnancy outcomes, because sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has poorly understood nonmalarial benefits on birthweight.

Summary
Novel IPTp regimens must be combined with interventions to strengthen protection from malaria infection acquired before and in early pregnancy.
Use of a Self-Care and Educational Mobile App to Improve Outcomes of Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Essa Hani , Jackson Carolyn , Nyjo Siji , Kelly Ann-Marie , Murphy Naomi , Hartshorne-Evans Nick , Walker Lauren , Oguguo Emeka , Douglas Homeyra , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionExpansion in digital health using mobile phone health applications has increased recently. We developed a mobile phone application (Aintree Heart Failure Passport-AHFP APP) for heart failure (HF) patient education, self-care and improved medication adherence.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients with acute decompensated HF managed with day-case intravenous diuretics in a HF specialist nurse delivered Ambulatory Acute Heart Failure Unit (AAHFU) in a British university hospital during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to July 2021). We assessed self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale – EHFSBs-9) and medication adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale -MARS-5) at 2 weeks post-presentation in patients who utilised the AHFP APP and compared 30-day HF re-admissions with annual hospital HF data.Results148 out of 221 consecutive ADHF patients treated in the AAHFU downloaded the AHFP Mobile APP. 45% were women and mean age of the cohort 62 ± 6.1 years. 55% patients had HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 34% had HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and 11% had HF with mildly reduced EF. Mean EHFSBs-9 was 19.1±6.7; mean MARS-5 score 23.3±1.HF 30 day re-hospitalisation incidence significantly lower (11%) in the APP cohort compared to the incidence of 19% amongst all patients with ADHF during the study period (p=0.02).ConclusionsOur pilot feasibility study suggests that use of a HF educational self-care mobile phone APP in ADHF patients during the COVID pandemic, leads to high quality self-care behaviour, high medication adherence and also lower levels of 30-day HF re-hospitalisation. These results will need to be validated in a randomised controlled trial.3 Key PointsThe use of digital healthcare technologies such as mobile APPs, is rapidly increasingThis study analyses the role of our heart failure educational and self-care mobile APP, used by patients with acute decompensated heart failure during the COVID-19 pandemicOur results show that use of the mobile APP can lead to high levels of self-care, medication adherence and also reduced 30 day readmissions
FGF21 has a sex-specific role in calorie-restriction-induced beiging of white adipose tissue in mice
Authors: Calubag Mariah F. , Ademi Ismail , Yeh Chung-Yang , Babygirija Reji , Bhoopat Alyssa M. , Kasza Ildiko , Sonsalla Michelle M. , Green Cara L. , Pak Heidi H. , Lamming Dudley W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR) promotes healthspan and extends the lifespan of diverse organisms, including mice, and there is intense interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which CR functions. Some studies have demonstrated that CR induces fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone that regulates energy balance and that when overexpressed, promotes metabolic health and longevity in mice, but the role of FGF21 in the response to CR has not been fully investigated. We directly examined the role of FGF21 in the physiological and metabolic response to a CR diet by feedingFgf21-/-and wild-type control mice eitherad libitum(AL) diet or a 30% CR diet for 15 weeks. Here, we find that FGF21 is largely dispensable for CR-induced improvements in body composition and energy balance, but that lack ofFgf21blunts CR-induced changes aspects of glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in females. Surprisingly, despite not affecting CR-induced changes in energy expenditure, loss ofFgf21significantly blunts CR-induced beiging of white adipose tissue in male but not female mice. Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of a CR diet, clarify that FGF21 is largely dispensable for the metabolic effects of a CR diet, and highlight a sex-dependent role for FGF21 in the molecular adaptation of white adipose tissue to CR.
Super-resolution mass spectrometry enables rapid, accurate, and highly-multiplexed proteomics at the MS2-level
Authors: Kozhinov Anton N. , Johnson Alex , Nagornov Konstantin O. , Stadlmeier Michael , Martin Warham Lance , Dayon Loïc , Corthésy John , Wühr Martin , Tsybin Yury O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn tandem mass spectrometry (MS2)-based multiplexed quantitative proteomics, the complement reporter ion approaches (TMTc and TMTproC) were developed to eliminate the ratio-compression problem of conventional MS2 level approaches. Resolving all highm/zcomplement reporter ions (∼6.32 mDa spaced) requires mass resolution and scan speeds above the performance levels of Orbitrap™ instruments. Therefore, complement reporter ion quantification with TMT™/TMTpro™ reagents is currently limited to 5 out of 11 (TMT) or 9 out of 18 (TMTpro) channels (∼1 Da spaced). We first demonstrate that a Fusion™ Lumos™ Orbitrap™ can resolve 6.32 mDa spaced complement reporter ions with standard acquisition modes extended with 3-second transients. We then implemented a super-resolution mass spectrometry approach using the least-squares fitting (LSF) method for processing Orbitrap transients to achieve shotgun proteomics-compatible scan rates. The LSF performance resolves the 6.32 mDa doublets for all TMTproC channels in the standard mass range with transients as short as ∼108 ms (Orbitrap resolution setting of 50 000 atm/z200). However, we observe a slight decrease in measurement precision compared to 1 Da spacing with the 108 ms transients. With 256 ms transients (resolution of 120 000 atm/z200), coefficients of variation are essentially indistinguishable from 1 Da samples. We thus demonstrate the feasibility of highly-multiplexed, accurate, and precise shotgun-proteomics at the MS2 level.
Why Ortho- and Para-Hydroxy Metabolites Can Scavenge Free Radicals That the Parent Atorvastatin Cannot? Important Pharmacologic Insight from Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Bâldea Ioan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe pharmaceutical success of atorvastatin (ATV), a widely employed drug against the “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and cardiovascular diseases, traces back to its ability to scavenge free radicals. Unfortunately, information on its antioxidant properties is missing or unreliable. Here, we report detailed quantum chemical results for ATV and its ortho- and para-hydroxy metabolites (o-ATV, p-ATV) in methanolic phase. They comprise global reactivity indices bond order indices and spin densities as well as all relevant enthalpies of reaction (bond dissociation BDE, ionization IP and electron attachment EA, proton detachment PDE and proton affinity PA, and electron transfer ETE). With these properties in hand, we can provide the first theoretical explanation of the experimental finding that, due to their free radical scavenging activity, ATV hydroxy metabolites rather than the parent ATV have substantial inhibitory effect on LDL and the like. Surprisingly (because it is contrary to the most cases currently known), we unambiguously found that HAT (direct hydrogen atom transfer) rather than SPLET (sequential proton loss electron transfer) or SET-PT (stepwise electron transfer proton transfer) is the thermodynamically preferred pathway by which o-ATV and p-ATV in methanolic phase can scavenge DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals.
A distinct phylogenetic cluster of Monkeypox genomes suggests an early and cryptic spread of the virus
Authors: Jolly Bani , Scaria Vinod 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince its first reports in humans in 1970, monkeypox has been predominantly restricted to countries in Africa where the disease is endemic. Early in 2022, a large number of cases of the disease were reported from Europe and other countries in patients with no history of travel to regions where monkeypox is endemic. Amid a rise in cases, the availability of genome sequences of monkeypox virus isolates in the public domain provides an opportunity to understand the transmission and evolution of the virus. Here, we describe a distinct phylogenetic cluster of monkeypox virus (lineage A.2) using genome sequences available on GISAID. Lineage A.2 currently encompasses 9 genome sequences from 6 viral isolates collected from 3 countries and is distinctly different from the predominant lineage B.1 which is linked to the large European outbreak.
Machine Learning Informs RNA-Binding Chemical Space
Authors: Yazdani Kamyar , Jordan Deondre , Yang Mo , Fullenkamp Christopher R. , Allen Timothy E. H. , Khan Rabia T. , Schneekloth John S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall molecule targeting of RNA has emerged as a new frontier in medicinal chemistry, but compared to the protein targeting literature our understanding of chemical matter that binds to RNA is limited. In this study, we reportRepositoryOfBInders toNucleic acids (ROBIN), a new library of nucleic acid binders identified by small molecule microarray (SMM) screening. The complete results of 36 individual nucleic acid SMM screens against a library of 24,572 small molecules are reported (including a total of 1,627,072 interactions assayed). A set of 2,003 RNA-binding small molecules is identified, representing the largest fully public, experimentally derived library of its kind to date. Machine learning is used to develop highly predictive and interpretable models to characterize RNA-binding molecules. This work demonstrates that machine learning algorithms applied to experimentally derived sets of RNA binders are a powerful method to inform RNA-targeted chemical space.
How the introduction of the COVID-19 tracing apps affects future tracking technology adoption
Authors: Matt Christian , Teebken Mena , Özcan Beril 
Published: August 2022

PurposeStudies on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tracing apps have mostly focused on how to optimize adoption and continuous use, but did not consider potential long-term effects of their introduction. This study aims to analyse whether the characteristics of the recent introduction of tracing apps may negatively impact individuals' attitudes and intentions to adopt future tracking technology.Design/methodology/approachIn an online experiment across three countries (Australia, Germany, UK), the authors measured how perceived benefits of COVID-19 tracing apps as well as specific government and campaign-related factors affect privacy concerns, attitude towards future tracking apps and intention to adopt. The authors manipulated the type of provider (governmental vs private) and the type of beneficiaries of the future tracking technology app (the individual alone or also the public) as determinants of adoption.FindingsThe authors find that privacy concerns towards the COVID-19 tracing apps negatively impact attitude and intention to adopt future tracking apps. Future adoption is more likely if the app is provided by the government, whereas additional benefits to the public do not positively stimulate adoption. Second, the study analyzed different factors, including perceptions on governments and the app introduction, as well as perceived benefits.Originality/valueTaking the introduction of COVID-19 apps in different countries as a basis, the authors link both perceived benefits and contextual factors to privacy concerns, attitudes towards and intention to adopt the related technology in the future. The authors hereby clarify the responsibility of governmental actors who conduct large-scale technology introductions for the future diffusion of related technologies.
Evaluating patient and medical staff satisfaction from doctor–patient communication
Authors: Katsaliaki Korina 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the views of doctors, nursing staff and hospitalized patients on the level of information they provide and receive respectively in public hospitals, focusing on the factors that affect their communication.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 426 participants from two general hospitals in Greece–Pella and KAT Attica. Data were collected through a questionnaire in March–May 2020 and was analyzed with mean comparisons and correlations.FindingsThe results showed discrepancy in the satisfaction rate, with 67.3% satisfied patients from doctors' communication vs. 83.7% satisfied doctors. Improvements in hospital staff – patient communication are required especially on alternative therapies' discussion and time spent on communication. All respondents agreed that staff shortage is a deterrent factor for effective communication. Seamless for all respondents' groups, the factors that affect the communication satisfaction level are the duration of communication, time allowed for expressing questions and interest in patients' personal situation.Practical implicationsStrengthening the communication skills of medical staff and providing clear guidelines on when and how to inform patients are essential.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing body of research on doctor–patient communication. Its originality lies on the fact that communication satisfaction level was examined simultaneously for doctors, nurses and patients. The study provides additional evidence supporting the link among satisfaction and duration of communication and personalized relationship. The study's findings are important in the training of medical staff and the management of patients' expectations.
Some observations on contemporary financial proposals
Authors: Shaikh Salman Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the views of scholarship in South Asia regarding Riba and Riba-free finance, including the conservative and realist schools in mainstream thought and the assimilative and interpretive schools in liberal thought.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses textual analysis to critically review the writings of scholars in South Asia on contemporary issues regarding Riba and Riba-free finance. It provides a critical review in the light of Islamic jurisprudence and extant Islamic economics literature.

Findings
There are several characteristics in conventional banking and finance products that do not comply with Islamic teachings. In this scenario, Islamic banking is comparatively a better alternative to conventional banking and finance products to achieve Shari’ah compliance and avoid indulging in Riba.

Practical implications
Voluntary financial exclusion to avoid Riba is significant in Muslim-majority countries. Increased penetration of Islamic finance requires clarity on what is Riba and confidence in Riba-free alternatives. Outreach efforts of Islamic financial institutions use conventional banking as a frame of reference to provide a critique of interest-based banking. However, the apprehensions within the Islamic finance literature also need to be answered to change perception and enhance people’s willingness to use Islamic banking. Doing this can expedite the process of financial inclusion as well as help in the transformation of the economy on Riba-free foundations in a reasonably quick timeframe.

Originality/value
This is the first study to critically evaluate the financial proposals presented and propagated by the contemporary interpretive school in South Asia.
Are stock market returns affected by financial market variables? Evidence from Bursa Malaysia by panel generalized method of moments
Authors: Ruhani Fatima , Mat Junoh Mohd Zukime 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study aims to find the relationship of stock market returns and selected financial market variables (market capitalization, earnings per share, price-earnings multiples, dividend yield and trading volume) of Malaysia grounded by the arbitrage pricing theories.Design/methodology/approachThis study empirically examines the effects of selected financial market variables on stock market returns using 64 companies listed in Malaysia's stock market with data spanning from 2005 to 2018. A systematic empirical study based on the Generalized Method of Moments following Arellano and Bond (1991) has been taken to estimate the effect.FindingsThe regression result of the financial market variables and stock market return shows that, except for trading volume, all selected financial market variables play significant roles in the stock market returns. Furthermore, market capitalization, earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend yield and trading volume have a positive impact on stock market returns.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcome of this study can contribute by helping domestic and global investors devise strategies to minimize their risks. Also, policy administrators can use the outcomes of this study to inform the micro- and macro-level policy formulation.Originality/valueThis study will contribute to filling the gap in knowledge concerning the new release of factors affecting the stock market returns of Malaysia.