bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung transplantation in the septuagenarian can be successfully performed though long‐term results impacted by diseases of aging
Authors: Benissan‐Messan Dathe Z. , Ganapathi Asvin M. , Guo Marissa , Henn Matthew C. , Keller Brian C. , Howsare Molly , Rosenheck Justin P. , Kirkby Stephen E. , Mokadam Nahush A. , Nunley David , Whitson Bryan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced age is considered a risk factor for lung transplantation (LTX). We sought to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of LTX in the septuagenarian.MethodsLTX recipients in the UNOS transplant registry (May 1, 2005–June 12, 2020) were stratified into 18–59, 60–69, and > = 70 years of age. Recipient and transplant characteristics were evaluated for survival, cause of death (COD), length of stay (LOS), and complications. A Kaplan‐Meier analysis examined long‐term survival for all patients stratified by age, specifically looking at cause of death.ResultsA total of 27 632 recipients were identified. As recipients aged, we found a decrease in proportion of cystic fibrosis and an increase in restrictive disease while obstructive disease peaked in the 60–69yo cohort (P < .001). Septuagenarians had higher rates of single LTX, male gender, and white race (P < .001). Older recipients had significantly longer donor recovery distances traveled with paradoxical shorter ischemic times, shorter hospital LOS and were transplanted at higher volume centers. There was no difference with in‐hospital mortality among groups (P = .5). Acute rejection during initial hospitalization, rejection within 1 year, and post‐transplant dialysis incidence decreased with age. Graft failure was a common COD in younger patients while malignancy and cardio/cerebrovascular diseases were common COD in > = 70yo.ConclusionSelect septuagenarian LTX candidates may be safely transplanted with relatively few complications. Immunosenescence and conditions of the aged are likely contributing factors to the decreased rejection and graft failure observations. Septuagenarians should not be excluded from LTX consideration based solely on age. Transplantation in septuagenarians should only be done in very selected patients (screened for malignancies and atherosclerotic disease) and these recipients should be carefully followed after transplantation because of these risk factors.
Level and determinants of willingness to donate organs among the general public: A cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Fan Xiaojing , Zheng Sirui , Li Meng , Li Enchang , Li Ying‐Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to assess the level and determinants of the general public's willingness to organ donation. We conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 4261 participants in China. The primary outcome was the willingness to donate organs. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine the factors that affect willingness to donate organs. Overall, the proportion of participants who showed a willingness to donate organs was 47.45% (95%CI: 0.46, 0.49) in this study. Logistic regression modelling showed participants from Western (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.11‐1.59) and Eastern China (OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.19‐1.65) were more willing to donate organs compared with those from Central China. The odds of being willing to donate organs was higher in females than males (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.17‐1.55); and was higher in those participants with experience of organ donation (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.13‐2.21), experience of caring for organ transplant patients (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.01‐2.07), and those undertaking related voluntary activities (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.45‐1.94), than those without. The general public's level of willingness to organ donation was not high in this study. Geographical region, gender, experience of organ donation related activities, taking care of organ transplant patients and volunteering in related activities were independently associated with participants' willingness to donate organs.
Association of Neofusicoccum parvum with leaf scorch on Cinnamomum cassia in China
Authors: Xu Dandan , Xi Pinggen , Xu Jiehua , Lin Zemian , Jiang Zide , Qiao Fang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeaf spot, caused by Neofusicoccum parvum, is an important disease limiting the growth of Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) in the field. This disease was first observed in Deqing (Guangdong Province, China) in 2018, manifesting as circular or irregularly shaped necrotic lesions along the leaf margins and tips, enlarging to irregular lesions with numerous black dots. Representative isolates were isolated from affected leaves and identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α) gene and a portion of the β‐tubulin gene (TUB2). Colonies were initially white on PDA, turning grey–black after 7 days. The conidia were fusiform to oval, hyaline, thin‐walled with rounded apices and truncate bases. The pathogen was placed in the same clade as Neofusicoccum parvum in phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated sequences of ITS, EF1‐α and TUB2 genes. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, the pathogen was identified as N. parvum. On infected leaves, Koch's postulates were fulfilled, and the same pathogen re‐isolated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing disease on Chinese cinnamon worldwide.
Neurofunctional basis underlying audiovisual integration of print and speech sound in Chinese children
Authors: Xia Zhichao , Yang Ting , Cui Xin , Hoeft Fumiko , Liu Hong , Zhang Xianglin , Shu Hua , Liu Xiangping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEffortless print‐sound integration is essential to reading development, and the superior temporal cortex (STC) is the most critical brain region. However, to date, the conclusion is almost restricted to alphabetic orthographies. To examine the neural basis in non‐alphabetic languages and its relationship with reading abilities, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in typically developing Chinese children. Two neuroimaging‐based indicators of audiovisual processing—additive enhancement (higher activation in the congruent than the average activation of unimodal conditions) and neural integration (different activations between the congruent versus incongruent conditions)—were used to investigate character‐sounds (opaque) and pinyin‐sounds (transparent) processing. We found additive enhancement in bilateral STCs processing both character and pinyin stimulations. Moreover, the neural integrations in the left STC for the two scripts were strongly correlated. In terms of differentiation, first, areas beyond the STCs also showed additive enhancement in processing pinyin‐sounds. Second, while the bilateral STCs, left inferior/middle frontal and parietal regions manifested a striking neural integration (incongruent > congruent) for character‐sounds, no significant clusters were revealed for pinyin‐sounds. Finally, the neural integration in the left middle frontal gyrus for characters was specifically associated with silent reading comprehension proficiency, indicating automatic semantic processing during implicit character‐sound integration. In contrast, the neural integration in the left STC for pinyin was specifically associated with oral reading fluency that relies on grapho‐phonological mapping. To summarize, this study revealed both script‐universal and script‐specific neurofunctional substrates of print‐sound integration as well as their processing‐ and region‐dependent associations with reading abilities in typical Chinese children.
The enrichment paradox in adaptive radiations: Emergence of predators hinders diversification in resource rich environments
Authors: Chaparro‐Pedraza P. Catalina , Roth Gregory , Seehausen Ole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdaptive radiations are known for rapid niche diversification in response to ecological opportunity. While most resources usually exist prior to adaptive radiation, novel niches associated with novel resources can be created as a clade diversifies. For example, in African lake cichlid radiations some species prey upon other species of the clade (intraclade consumers). Using a trait‐based eco‐evolutionary model, we investigate the evolution of intraclade consumers in adaptive radiations and the effect of this novel trophic interaction on the diversification process of the radiating clade. We find that the evolutionary emergence of intraclade consumers halts the diversification processes of other ecomorphs as a result of increased top‐down control of density. Because high productivity enables earlier evolution of intraclade consumers, highly productive environments come to harbour less species‐rich radiations than comparable radiations in less productive environments. Our results reveal how macroevolutionary and community patterns can emerge from ecological and microevolutionary processes.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of fenfluramine in clinical practice: Pharmacokinetic variability and impact of concomitant antiseizure medications
Authors: Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Roosens Laurence , Dewals Wendy , Paelinck Bernard P. , Ceulemans Berten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic variability of fenfluramine (FFA) and its main active metabolite norfenfluramine (norFFA) in relation to the prevalence of adverse effects in patients with refractory epilepsy treated with FFA. In addition, the interaction with concomitant antiseizure medications including stiripentol (STP) is studied.MethodsPatients were recruited at our center from two open‐label sources, an investigator‐initiated observational study and an international multicenter extension study. Venous blood samples were collected between June 2015 and December 2020. Plasma FFA and norFFA concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem spectrometric analysis. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Intrapatient coefficient of variation was calculated for all patients with at least three samples. Interpatient variability was calculated based on the concentration to weight‐adjusted dose ratio (C/D) of all patients.ResultsWe collected 321 samples from 61 patients (49 with Dravet syndrome, seven with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, and five with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy). With a mean daily dose of .33 mg/kg/day (SD = ±.16), the median FFA plasma concentration was 41.4 µg/L (range = 5.1–712.5) and median norFFA concentration 28.1 µg/L (range = 2.6–149.6). The FFA plasma concentration was linearly related to the daily dose (p < .001) and norFFA levels (p < .001). The C/D of FFA increased with age (p < .001). Median FFA C/D was 428% higher (p < .001), norFFA C/D 83% lower (p < .001), and norFFA/FFA 23% lower (p < .001) in patients treated with STP comedication. Higher FFA concentration was associated with fatigue (p = .001) and somnolence (p < .001), but not anorexia (p = .0619) or reduction in seizure frequency (p = .772). Gender and other ASMs were not associated with significant variations in (nor)FFA C/D ratio.SignificanceMost FFA levels are in the lower range (<50 µg/L), although a high interpatient and intrapatient variability is present. In combination with STP, the dose of FFA should be reduced.
CASPR2‐IgG‐associated autoimmune seizures
Authors: Garrido Sanabria Emilio R. , Zahid Anza , Britton Jeffrey , Kraus Gregory J. , López‐Chiriboga Alfonso Sebastian , Zekeridou Anastasia , Flanagan Eoin P. , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Pittock Sean J. , Dubey Divyanshu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to report clinical presentations and outcomes of CASPR2‐IgG‐associated seizures.MethodsMayo Clinic Neuroimmunology database was queried to identify CASPR2‐IgG‐seropositive (CASPR2‐IgG+) patients evaluated at our institution (2009–2019).ResultsOf the 53 CASPR2‐IgG+ patients (titer ≥ 1:10), 20 had seizures (38%). All seizure patients were male, with median onset age of 68 years. Eighteen (90%) had seizures at initial presentation. One patient was found to have malignancy (colon adenocarcinoma). Two patients had coexisting LGI1‐IgG. Twelve patients had archived sera, which on titration had CASPR2‐IgG titers ≥ 1:100. Fifteen patients (75%) met criteria for autoimmune encephalitis. Patients most commonly presented with focal onset, nonmotor seizures with impaired awareness (n = 14, 70%). Eleven patients also had focal motor and/or sensory seizures as one of the seizure semiologies. The majority of patients (n = 11, 55%) developed generalized tonic–clonic seizures during their disease course. Seizure clusters occurred in 12 patients. In addition to seizures, patients developed cognitive disturbance (n = 16, 80%), episodic emotional lability (n = 13, 65%), paroxysmal dizziness (n = 9, 45%), episodic ataxia (n = 6, 30%), and chronic ataxia (n = 9, 45%). Only three patients (15%) had coexisting peripheral nervous system involvement. Frontotemporal or temporal ictal and/or interictal electroencephalographic abnormalities were present among nine patients, and three had multifocal epileptiform abnormalities. Eight patients (40%) had medial temporal T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein and/or lymphocytic pleocytosis was present in most cases (13/14, 93%). Thirteen patients reached seizure freedom following initiation of antiseizure medication (ASM; n = 4) or a combination of immunotherapy and ASM (n = 9). Median duration of follow‐up was 25 months (range = 2–136 months).SignificanceCASPR2‐IgG evaluation should be considered among older male patients with new onset focal seizures and impaired awareness often occurring in clusters with/without features of encephalitis. Coexisting neurological manifestations, including episodic emotional lability, ataxia, and paroxysmal dizziness, also aid in the diagnosis.
ETFs’ two‐sided trading costs and order imbalances
Authors: Lachance Marie‐Eve 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an integrated trading cost measure for exchange‐traded funds (ETFs) that includes premiums and spreads. The measure is computed separately for buyers and sellers as the distance between the ETF's bid/ask prices and a new measure of intraday intrinsic value constructed with the ETF's daily holdings. The two‐sided measure shows that order imbalances increase trading costs in the direction of the imbalance, bias midpoint quotes, and result in observed premiums and discounts. It also provides a link between these higher trading costs and the need for authorized participants to pass through the costs associated with primary market activity.
Feminized anti‐Blackness in the professoriate
Authors: alexander e 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis exploratory study seeks to establish an understanding of relationships between Black and white femme faculty (BFF and WFF, respectively) in academic work units, as reifications of anti‐Blackness in the academy. The study corpus, or body of work that was analyzed, consists of stories from BFF about interactions and experiences with WFF that have been published in anthologies about womxn in higher education; Black Critical Race Theory and the “mammy” trope supported analysis as the conceptual frameworks. Findings indicate that WFF rejected BFF as professional equals who are deserving of full access to and participation in academia. They also suggested that WFF undermined BFF through white‐only alliances, and sometimes appealed to white masculine superiors to sabotage BFF colleagues in support of their own success. The study has implications for expanding scholarly discourses about workplace interactions and harassment, exercises of power, and professional relationships in the academy.
‘They need to ask me first’. Community engagement with low‐income citizens. A realist qualitative case‐study
Authors: De Weger Esther , Baan Caroline , Bos Cheryl , Luijkx Katrien , Drewes Hanneke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity engagement is seen as key to citizen‐centred and sustainable healthcare systems as involving citizens in the designing, implementation and improvement of services and policies is thought to tailor these more closely to communities’ own needs and experiences. Organizations have struggled to reach out to and involve disadvantaged citizens. This paper examines how if, why, and when low‐income citizens wish to be involved.MethodsFor this qualitative realist case‐study, 19 interviews (one dyad) were held with (20) low‐income citizens in two Dutch municipalities. Additionally, the results were discussed with a reference panel consisting of professionals and citizens to enrich the results and to ensure the results had face validity.ResultsThe results showed four different ways in which low‐income citizens wished to be involved: (a) in a practical/volunteer way; (b) as a buddy; (c) as a lay expert; (d) not involved at all. The factors affecting citizens’ interest and capacity to participate include citizens’ own experiences of the services they access and their personal situations, e.g. their mental or physical health, extent of financial crisis, family situation, home environment. None of the interviewees was currently involved, but all had ideas for improving health(care) services and policies. Citizens’ experiences of the services they accessed acted as a motivator for some to be involved as they wanted to ensure others would not have the same struggles, while for others their own needs and an apathetic system remained too high a barrier. To enable involvement, citizens need continued support for their own health(care) and financial situation, better communication and accessibility from services, practical support (e.g., training and bus passes) and recognition for their input (e.g., monetary compensation).ConclusionThe study shows that citizens’ experiences of the services they accessed influenced if and how they wanted to be involved with health and care services. Despite the fact that all participants had shared solid ideas for improving services and policies, they were hindered by a bureaucratic, impersonal and inaccessible system. Organizations seem to underestimate the required investments to reach out to low‐income citizens and the support required to ensure their involvement.Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in StudyCitizens as well as PPI organizations were members of the reference panel who helped formulate the research questions and recruitment strategy. The local reference panel also helped to interpret and refine the initial findings.
Dissolution behavior of silica in molten CaO–SiO2–Fe2O3–MgO–MnO slag
Authors: Lin Yong , Yan Baijun , Wen Yongpeng , Liang Ziqing , Fabritius Timo , Shu Qifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe modification of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag by adding silica can improve the properties of BOF slag for applications in the cement industry. The rapid dissolution of silica is essential to hot slag modification. In this work, the dissolution behavior of silica in the molten CaO–SiO2–Fe2O3–MgO–MnO system as synthetic BOF slag was investigated by using the traditional rotating cylinder technique. Effects of rotation speed, temperature, immersion time, and slag basicity on the silica dissolution were studied. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM‐EDS) and FactSage simulations were employed to reveal the dissolution mechanism. It was found that the dissolution of the silica rod was affected by both the thermodynamic driving force and the slag viscosity. The silica dissolution rate in molten CaO–SiO2–Fe2O3–MgO–MnO slag increased with increasing the rotation speed and temperature, but first increased and then decreased when decreasing the slag basicity from 2.5 to 1.5. A linear correlation between the logarithm of the dissolution rate and the logarithm of cylinder periphery velocity with a slope of 0.44 was observed, indicating the mass transfer within the boundary layer as the dissolution rate determining step. A direct dissolution way was found during the dissolution of silica in molten CaO–SiO2–Fe2O3–MgO–MnO slag.
Comparison of radiofrequency ablation from the coronary cusps and endocardial left ventricular outflow tract for left ventricular summit ventricular arrhythmias in a porcine and infrared thermal model
Authors: Larsen Timothy , Winterfield Jeffrey , Ravi Venkatesh , Du‐Fey‐de‐Lavallaz Jeanne M. , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Trohman Richard G. , Sharma Parikshit S. , Huang Henry D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe coronary cusps (CCs) are utilized as an alternative vantage point for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of left ventricular summit ventricular arrhythmias but are sometimes a challenge despite favorable activation timing and pace mapping.MethodsEx vivo experiments were performed in 12 intact porcine hearts submerged in a 37°C saline bath. Radiofrequency (RF) applications were delivered with an irrigated contact force sensing catheter oriented 45° to the endocardial left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) surface and nadir of the CCs using different dosing parameters. Sections were stained in 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride and lesion dimensions were measured. Thermal infrared imaging analysis was used to compare time‐to‐lethal tissue temperature and depth/area of lethal isotherms.ResultsA total of 60 RF applications were performed under different dosing parameters for (1) 30, 40, and 50  Watts (W) × 30 s and (2) 40 W × 30, 45, and 60 s. Lesion depth was greater with RFCA from LVOT than from the CCs (maximum depth 6.11 vs. 2.68 mm). Longer RF duration led to larger lesion volume in the CC group (40 W × 30 s: 8.1 ± 0.4 vs. 40 W × 60 s: 10.1 ± 0.96 mm; p = .002). One steam pop occurred in both the LVOT (50 W × 30 s) and CC groups (40 W × 60 s). Time‐to‐reach lethal temperature of 58°C was longer in the CC group than in the LVOT group (4.7 vs. 11.3 s; p = .02)ConclusionsRFCA from the CC led comparatively to shallower lesion depth than from the LVOT. Longer RF duration led to an increase in lesion volume during ablation from CCs.