bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproic acid determination by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in whole blood for forensic purposes
Authors: Pascali Jennifer P. , Giorgetti Arianna , Barone Rossella , Pelletti Guido , Fais Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is a well‐known drug prescribed as anti‐epileptic. It has a narrow therapeutic range and shows great individual differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Consequently, the therapeutical drug monitoring (TDM) in patient's plasma is of crucial importance. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has gained importance in TDM applications for its features of sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity. However, in case of VPA, the LC–MS/MS selectivity could be hampered by the lack of a sufficient number of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions describing the molecule. In fact, the product ion scan of deprotonated molecules of VPA does not produce any ion and thus most LC–MS/MS methods are based on the detection of the unique MRM transition m/z 143➔143. In this way, the advantages of selectivity in LC–MS cannot be effectively exploited. In the present method, stable analyte adducts were exploited for the determination of VPA in blood. An Acquity HSS C18 column and mobile phases consisting of 5‐mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile both added 0.1% formic acid were used. Source worked in negative acquisition mode and parameters were optimized to increase the adduct (m/z 189) and dimer (m/z 287) stability, and their fragmentation were used to increase the selectivity of MRM detection. The method has been validated according to the toxicological forensic guidelines and successfully applied to 10 real blood samples. Finally, the present method showed suitable for the rapid LC–MS/MS detection of VPA in whole blood, demonstrating the possibility to increase specificity by exploiting stable in‐source adducts. This should be considered of utmost importance in the case of forensic applications.
Towards a continent‐wide ecological site condition database using calibrated expert evaluations
Authors: White Matthew D. , Hollings Tracey , Sinclair Steve J. , Williams Kristen J. , Dickson Fiona , Brenton Peter , Raisbeck‐Brown Nat , Warnick Amy , Lyon Peter , Mokany Karel , Liu Canran , Pirzl Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA cost‐effective way of undertaking comprehensive, continental‐scale, assessments of ecological condition is needed to support large‐scale conservation planning, monitoring, reporting, and decision‐making. Currently, cross‐jurisdictional inconsistency in assessment methods limits the capacity to scale‐up monitoring. Here we present a novel way to build a coherent continent‐wide site‐level ecological condition dataset, using cross‐calibration methods to integrate assessments from many observers. We focus on the use of condition assessments from individual expert observers, a currently untapped resource. Our approach has two components: (1) a simple online tool that captures expert assessments at specific locations; (2) a process of calibrating and rescaling disparate expert evaluations that can be applied to the data to provide a consistent dataset for use in conservation assessments. We describe a pilot study, involving 28 experts, who contributed 314 individual site condition assessments across a wide range of ecosystems and regions throughout continental Australia. A correction factor for each expert was used to rescale the contributed site condition assessment scores, based on a set of 77 photographic images, each scored for their condition by multiple experts, using a linear mixed model. Our approach shows strong promise for delivering the volumes of data required to develop continental‐scale reference libraries of site condition assessments. Although developed from expert elicitation, the approach could also be used to harmonize the collation of existing condition datasets. The process we demonstrate can also facilitate online citizen scientists to make site condition assessments that can be cross‐calibrated using contributed images.
Mechanism of control instability of control function installed to grid‐following inverter and development of damping controller for stable operation
Authors: Shirasaki Keisuke , Amano Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConventional synchronous generators have been replaced by renewable energy source such as photovoltaics generation and wind turbine generation interconnected through inverters. As the capacity of synchronous generators interconnected to the power system decrease, the power system stability can be gradually jeopardized. Therefore, these inverters may be required to have some control functions in grid‐interconnection code to support power system stabilization. On the other hand, it is known that the response of some control functions become unstable and undesired oscillatory behavior appears depending on the power system conditions such as low short circuit ratio. In consequence, not only the expected power system stabilization is not obtained, but also the power quality may be degraded. In this paper, the mechanism of these instabilities is clarified by using a simplified root mean square model, and a damping controller applicable to grid‐following (GFL) inverter is developed. It is shown that the damping of the oscillatory behavior could be improved by applying the proposed controller using eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulation. This contribution is useful for the appropriate operation of the control function installed to GFL inverter.
Deformation‐based design of seismically isolated bridges
Authors: Gkatzogias Konstantinos I. , Kappos Andreas J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA performance‐based design procedure is proposed for seismically isolated bridges with/without supplemental energy dissipation devices. Considering multiple performance levels (PLs), the proposed method initially identifies the critical hazard level and “near‐optimal” alternatives of the isolation system. Both performance and economy are evaluated based on the inelastic response of reduced‐degree‐of‐freedom (RDOF) isolation and energy dissipation systems. Nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) of the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system is employed in successive design steps, corresponding to different PLs, to refine the design solution through the control of a broad range of material strains and deformations. The above characteristics aim to deliver a rigorous and broadly applicable design method that reduces the high computational effort characterising complex design frameworks, while addressing identified deficiencies of alternative displacement‐based methods. The efficiency of the proposed design methodology is demonstrated by applying it to an actual bridge that was previously designed for ductile behaviour. Alternative isolation and energy dissipation schemes are investigated. Assessment of the design through NLRHA reveals in all cases enhanced seismic performance and cost reduction in the substructure design, thus rendering base‐isolation an appealing design alternative.
Noncontact monitoring of thin hydrate layers with microwave cavity resonator
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Xiaoxiao , Xing Lanchang , Gao Muzhi , Wang Meng , Wang Huimin , Wang Guoqing , Ge Xinmin , Wei Zhoutuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn oil/gas production and transportation systems, the formation of gas hydrates needs to be properly managed as they can potentially lead to plugging. Monitoring the thin hydrate layers during the initial formation stage is thus significantly critical for preventing such a risk. Noncontact monitoring of the thin hydrate layer with an open‐ended microwave cavity resonator is presented in this study. The measuring mechanism of the proposed method was studied with numerical simulation, and the measurement ranges with two typical modes TM010/TM021s were experimentally investigated. The resonance frequency of the TM010 mode is applicable for measuring the thickness of hydrates within 20 mm, while the TM021 mode is only suitable for 8 mm. Then, formation/dissociation experiments of thin hydrate layers were conducted by using tetrahydrofuran to form the hydrate. Both simulation and experimental results showed that the resonant frequency can provide a sensitive response to the dielectric properties and layer thickness. Then the relationship between the resonant frequency and the fractions of solution/hydrate in the mixed layers was determined, and it was further optimized according to the simulation and experimental results. In addition, hydrate layer melting experiments were conducted with different layer thicknesses, and the volumetric fraction of the hydrate can be calculated with fixed layer thickness, thus the phase change during the hydrate melting process was precisely monitored with a time step of 1 min.
Temperature, pressure, and adsorption‐dependent redox potentials: I. Processes of CO2 reduction to value‐added compounds
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added chemicals and fuels can not only mitigate global warming but also alleviate the energy crisis caused by fossil fuel depletion. Redox potential is a key thermodynamic quantity of CO2 reduction reactions, while currently, only standard reduction potential (25°C, 1 atm, 1 M) is available for application. Herein, it is the first time to report the influence of temperature (0–1000°C), pressure (1–100 atm), and molecular adsorption on the redox potentials of a series of CO2 reduction reactions to form carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, methane, oxalic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethylene, and ethane. Although almost all gas‐phase and aqueous‐phase redox potentials decrease with the temperature at an increased rate and increase with pressure at a decreased rate, adsorption‐state redox potentials are only sensitive to temperature and no smaller than gas‐phase redox potentials. Significant differences of up to 2.35 V with regard to the standard reduction potential would directly affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. This report will serve as an enriched database of redox potentials for CO2 reduction reactions that allows the use under actual experimental conditions.
Climate‐smart agriculture using intelligent techniques, blockchain and Internet of Things: Concepts, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Ahmed Rania A. , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din , El‐Shafai Walid , Ahmed Zeinab A. , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an important technology that provides efficient and dependable solutions in a variety of domains, such as smart agriculture and climatic change. It integrates billions of smart devices that can communicate with one another and gives solutions to automatically maintain and monitor smart agricultural and environmental fields. The combination of IoT, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technology will allow us to transform smart agriculture into the Internet of smart agriculture, providing greater control, management, and security in supply‐chain networks. This paper presents an overview of the technologies in the domains of IoT, Climate‐Smart Agriculture (CSA), AI, Machine Learning (ML), and blockchain. In addition, the paper presents several approaches for integrating IoT with CSA data analysis. Both AI and blockchain are adopted for efficient CSA systems. The paper is concerned with the combination of three recent technologies: IoT, ML, and blockchain to serve the CSA applications. The challenges and opportunities of combining these technologies to serve CSA are also discussed in the paper.
Lessons learned from a carbon dioxide huff and puff field test in a tight reservoir
Authors: Gao Chang Hong , Li Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide has been proved to be an effect agent to enhance oil recovery. CO2 huff and puff is a very appealing technique in tight fields where water flooding is difficult. Two horizontal wells in a tight field in Northeast China received carbon dioxide injection. One well achieved good results, but the other well failed to show positive response. Possible causes of failure are analyzed, and suggestions are made for future projects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RIPK3 dampens mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid droplet dynamics in metabolic liver disease
Authors: Afonso Marta B. , Islam Tawhidul , Magusto Julie , Amorim Ricardo , Lenoir Véronique , Simões Rui F. , Teixeira José , Silva Liana C. , Wendum Dominique , Jéru Isabelle , Vigouroux Corinne , Castro Rui E. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Prip‐Buus Carina , Ratziu Vlad , Gautheron Jérémie , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) mediates NAFLD progression, but its metabolic function is unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of RIPK3 in modulating mitochondria function, coupled with lipid droplet (LD) architecture in NAFLD.

Approach and Results:
Functional studies evaluating mitochondria and LD biology were performed in wild‐type (WT) and Ripk3
−/− mice fed a choline‐deficient, amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet for 32 and 66 weeks and in CRISPR‐Cas9 Ripk3‐null fat‐loaded immortalized hepatocytes. The association between hepatic perilipin (PLIN) 1 and 5, RIPK3, and disease severity was also addressed in a cohort of patients with NAFLD and in PLIN1‐associated familial partial lipodystrophy. Ripk3 deficiency rescued impairment in mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and function in CDAA diet–fed mice and fat‐loaded hepatocytes. Ripk3 deficiency was accompanied by a strong upregulation of antioxidant systems, leading to diminished oxidative stress upon fat loading both in vivo and in vitro. Strikingly, Ripk3
−/− hepatocytes displayed smaller size LD in higher numbers than WT cells after incubation with free fatty acids. Ripk3 deficiency upregulated adipocyte and hepatic levels of LD‐associated proteins PLIN1 and PLIN5. PLIN1 upregulation controlled LD structure and diminished mitochondrial stress upon free fatty acid overload in Ripk3

−/−
hepatocytes and was associated with diminished human NAFLD severity. Conversely, a pathogenic PLIN1 frameshift variant was associated with NAFLD and fibrosis, as well as with increased hepatic RIPK3 levels in familial partial lipodystrophy.

Conclusions:

Ripk3 deficiency restores mitochondria bioenergetics and impacts LD dynamics. RIPK3 inhibition is promising in ameliorating NAFLD.
Left atrial dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Meucci Maria Chiara , Hoogerduijn Strating Merte M. , Butcher Steele C. , van Rijswijk Catharina S. P. , Van Hoek Bart , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J. , Tushuizen Maarten E. , Marsan Nina Ajmone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate (1) the association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), graded according to the algorithm proposed by the Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium, and long‐term survival in patients with cirrhosis undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and (2) the additive prognostic value of left atrial (LA) function, as assessed by LA reservoir strain, using two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE). A total of 129 TIPS candidates (mean ± SD, 61 ± 12 years; 61% men) underwent a comprehensive preprocedural echocardiography. LA dysfunction was defined by LA reservoir strain ≤35%, based on a previously suggested cut‐off value. The outcome was all‐cause mortality after TIPS. In the current cohort, 65 (50%) patients had normal diastolic function, 26 (20%) patients had grade 1 LVDD, 21 (16%) patients had grade 2 LVDD, and 17 (13%) patients had indeterminate diastolic function. Additionally, LA dysfunction (based on LA reservoir strain ≤35%) was noted in 67 (52%) patients. After a median follow‐up of 36 months (range, 12–80), 65 (50%) patients died. All‐cause mortality rates increased along worse grades of LVDD (log‐rank p = 0.007) and with LA dysfunction (log‐rank p = 0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score (hazard ratio [HR],1.06; p = 0.003), hemoglobin (HR, 0.74; p = 0.022), and LA strain, expressed as a continuous variable (HR, 0.96; p = 0.005) were independently associated with all‐cause mortality. Notably, the addition of LA strain to the model provided incremental prognostic value over the established prognostic variables (delta χ
2 = 8.27, p = 0.004). Conclusion: LA dysfunction assessed with 2D‐STE is independently associated with all‐cause mortality in patients with cirrhosis treated by TIPS.
Exclusive use of different types of tobacco products, exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and risk of subtypes of head and neck cancer among Indian males
Authors: Gholap Devyani , Dikshit Rajesh , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Manjrekar Ankita , Mhatre Sharayu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTobacco products are used in vary many forms in India. Although the risk of tobacco uses in developing head and neck cancer (HNC) is known, risk by exclusive use of different tobacco products on HNC and its subtypes is poorly understood. A case‐control study was conducted at a tertiary cancer hospital, which receives cases from different geographical regions of India with use of different types of tobacco products. The study included 824 oral cavity (OC), 149 oropharynx (OPX) 104 hypopharyngeal (HPX) and 81 larynx (LX) cancer cases and 1206 visitor controls. Information on 11 different types of tobacco products and exposure to secondhand smoke was collected through structured questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), for the association of various HNC subtypes with exclusive use of each tobacco product compared to nonusers of tobacco were estimated using logistic regression models, after adjusting for potential confounders. Exclusive use of any type of smokeless tobacco product was strongly associated with all subtypes of HNC. Gutka chewing (only) had highest risk (OR = 33.67; 95% CI = 19.8‐57.0) while exclusive users of betel quid with tobacco (BQ + T), tobacco quid, Khaini, Mawa and Mishri users had a OR of 14.77, 24.20, 5.33, 2.96 and 3.32, respectively, for development of OC. Bidi smoking and secondhand smoke was independently associated with increased risk of HNC. Our study indicates that tobacco control policies should focus on product specific awareness messaging that switching between tobacco product types is not a safe alternative to complete cessation.
Phase 1 trial of CV301 in combination with anti‐PD‐1 therapy in nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rajan Arun , Gray Jhanelle E. , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Birhiray Ruemu , Korchin Borys , Menius Erika , Donahue Renee N. , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCV301, a poxviral‐based vaccine, has been evaluated in a phase 1 clinical trial (NCT02840994) and shown to be safe and immunologically active (phase 1a). Preclinical data support a combination of CV301 with programmed death‐1 inhibitors, which has been evaluated in the phase 1b part of this trial and is reported here. Patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable genomic alterations received two priming doses of modified vaccinia Ankara‐BN‐CV301 (MVA) 4 weeks apart, followed by boosting doses of fowlpox‐CV301 (FPV) at increasing time intervals for a maximum of 17 doses in combination with nivolumab for cohort 1 (C1) and 15 doses in combination with pembrolizumab for cohort 2 (C2). The primary objective was evaluation of safety and tolerability. Between October 2017 and September 14, 2018, patients were enrolled (C1: 4; median age: 64 years). Mean treatment duration was 332 days in C1 and 289 days in C2. CTCAE ≥grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were observed in four (100%) patients in C1 and three (37.5%) patients in C2. There was one death on trial. Immune‐related AEs (irAEs) fulfilling criteria for a dose‐limiting toxicity included 1 case of pneumonitis. Among 11 evaluable patients, 1 (9%) had a complete response, 1 (9%) had a partial response and 9 (82%) had stable disease. We conclude that CV301 administered with PD‐1 inhibitors is safe and clinically active in patients with advanced NSCLC. The frequency or severity of AEs is not increased, including irAEs for each component of the combination.
Skin lesion classification based on the VGG‐16 fusion residual structure
Authors: Yan Pu , Wang Gang , Chen Jie , Tang Qingwei , Xu Heng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe analysis of skin lesion images is challenging due to the high interclass similarity and intraclass variance. Therefore, improving the ability to automatically classify based on skin lesion images is necessary to help physicians classify skin lesions. We propose a network model based on the Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG‐16) fusion residual structure for the multiclass classification of skin lesions. based on the VGG‐16 network, we simplify and improve the network structure by adding a preprocessing layer (CBRM layer) and fusing the residual structure. We also use a hair removal algorithm and perform six data augmentation operations on a small number of skin lesion images to balance the total number of the seven skin lesions in the dataset. The model was evaluated on the ISIC2018 dataset. Experiments have shown that our network model achieves good classification performance, with a test accuracy rate of 88.14% and a macroaverage of 98%.
Medication use process and assessment of extemporaneous compounding and alternative routes of administration of oral oncology drugs: Guidance for clinical and oncology pharmacists
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Lee Christopher , Markham Ryan , Szerwo James , Roska Mark , Bubalo Joseph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer treatment is evolving. Oral formulations offer potentially more convenient, effective alternatives to conventional chemotherapy for many cancers. An appealing aspect of oral antineoplastic agents is their relative ease of administration; unfortunately, patients may have difficulty swallowing the tablets or capsules. This shift towards oral administration and the accompanying issues around oral medication adherence highlights the need to assess the safety and feasibility of delivery methods for patients unable to swallow solid dosage forms. A new medication‐use process (MUP) was created to facilitate extemporaneous compounding of oral oncology drugs (OOD). Systematic review consisting of tertiary resources, drug manufacturers, and primary literature was performed to identify information related to extemporaneous compounding or alternative routes of administration for a predetermined list of OODs. A single‐center retrospective review was conducted of patients receiving liquid formulations of OODs to characterize institutional experience. Overall, 116 OODs were reviewed. The majority of OODs had information describing extemporaneous compounding or alternative routes of administration (31% with commercial liquid formulations available or information in tertiary resources; 33% with off‐label manufacturer information or case reports) while 36% had no data. The MUP included three compounding workflows to account for available solid dosage formulations (tablet, hard capsule, gelatin capsule) and creation of an electronic health record order template. Retrospective review identified 41 patients who received compounded liquid formulations of 14 OODs for 13 indications. Liquid OODs were used for a median of 3‐5 days. None of the 41 patients experienced discernable safety or overt effectiveness concerns readily attributed to use of liquid OODs. Implementation of a novel MUP and systematic review of OODs aids the pharmacist in standardizing institutional practice and mitigates risks associated with extemporaneous liquid formulations of OODs facilitating medication delivery of new agents to patients unable to swallow solid dosage forms.