bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN “THE IMITATION GAME”
Authors: Julius  , Ambalegin Ambalegin 
Published: January 2022

This research aims to find out types of negative politeness strategies expressed by the main character in the movie titled The Imitation Game. This research is categorised as descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were taken from utterances identified as negative politeness strategies by the main character “Alan Turing” and analysed with theory proposed by (Brown & Levinson, 1988). Data were collected using the observation and non-participatory method. Additionally, to analyse the data, pragmatic identity method were used. The result discovered in this research are; 5 be conveniently indirect, 16 question and hedge, 1 be pessimistic, 6 give deference, 4 impersonalise interlocutors, and 4 state the FTA as the general rule, totalling to 36 indication of negative politeness strategies. Question and hedge became the most frequently used strategy the main character tends to assume unwillingness to comply to the other characters in The Imitation Game movie.
Is dogs’ heritable performance in socio-cognitive tasks truly social?
Authors: Cimarelli Giulia , Range Friederike 
Published: January 2022

SummaryRecently, Bray et al. (2021) showed that behavioural performance in cognitive tasks involving humans is highly heritable in dog puppies. Although the paper shows substantial heritability of specific behavioural traits, the absence of control conditions does not allow for strong support of the authors’ claim that the cognitive performance they measured represents a special sensitivity to human cooperative-communicative acts.
The use of direct and indirect speech across psychological distance
Authors: Li Jianan , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated how psychological distance affects people’s preference for direct and indirect speech in a narrative task. In three experiments, participants were instructed to first watch a video and then retell what happened in the video to an imagined/anticipated listener. We manipulated social distance (Experiment 1), temporal distance (Experiment 2), and spatial distance (Experiment 3) between participants and the listener. We compared the proportions of direct speech in the narrations from psychologically proximal versus distal conditions. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that social and temporal proximity increased the rates of direct speech. Social and temporal distance, conversely, increased the rates of indirect speech. Experiment 3 did not yield a significant difference in the use of direct and indirect speech between spatially proximal and distal conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that different psychological dimensions might have discrepant effects on people’s choices between direct and indirect speech. Possible explanations for the discrepancy among different psychological distance dimensions are discussed.
2.	LA OPINIÓN PERIODÍSTICA Y LA 4T ANTE EL PRIMER AÑO DE GOBIERNO DE ANDRÉS MANUEL LÓPEZ OBRADOR. ANÁLISIS DE CUATRO TEXTOS PERIODÍSTICOS: ENTRE LAS CRÍTICAS A LA INSEGURIDAD NACIONAL Y EL DESDÉN A LOS LOGROS DEL RÉGIMEN
Authors: Valles Ruiz Rosa María 
Published: January 2022

La opinión periodística (prensa, radio, T.V. e internet) desempeña un papel que abarca múltiples acciones: informa, critica, aprueba, descalifica o persuade (positiva o negativamente). Se expresa en artículos editoriales o de fondo, columnas y caricaturas y se magnifica en eventos de relevancia social. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la tendencia de cuatro articulistas políticos de medios de orientaciones ideológicas diversas ante el primer año de gobierno del presidente de México, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, caracterizado por lo que el mandatario ha denominado la Cuarta Transformación.
La metodología utilizada es el análisis del discurso, en dos planos: 1) la especificidad en la construcción del sujeto discursivo y 2) la identificación de la intencionalidad de los discursos emitidos.
La crítica e incluso la descalificación hacia las acciones de la 4T fue la acción discursiva dominante en los textos analizados. La vinculación con el contexto dio paso a diversas reflexiones al respecto.
X-RAY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF CAPSULES OF FOREIGN BODIES OF SOFT TISSUES OF GUNSHOT ORIGIN IN DYNAMICS
Authors: Zamyatin P. M. , Beresnev S. O. , Provar L. V. , Khoroshun E. M. , Mikhailov I. F. , Baturin O. A. , Negoduiko V. V. , Yakimova T. P. , Tertishny S. M. 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the research is to determine and analyze the X-ray spectral composition of capsules around foreign bodies (CT) of soft tissues of fire origin.
Materials and methods. As a material for X-ray spectrometric examination, soft tissues were removed, surgically removed together with an encapsulated foreign body of gunshot origin in 36 wounded in the period from 2 months to 23 years after the wound, who were treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region of Ukraine. and in the State Institution «IZNH them. V.T. Zaitseva National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine».
Research results and their discussion. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, the largest changes in trace elements were found, which show that heavy metals in the soft tissues of the body are broken down at the latest, but they can be identified most resistant to protective chemical processes: copper, zinc, lead (first group), which only 10 and 24 months after injury change their concentration twice. Conclusions. The data of X-ray spectral analysis in combination with morphological studies substantiate the expediency of removing CT of soft tissues of fire-fighting origin together with the capsule.
Stochastic Low-frequency Variability in Three-dimensional Radiation Hydrodynamical Models of Massive Star Envelopes
Authors: Schultz William C. , Bildsten Lars , Jiang 姜燕 Yan-Fei 飞 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increasing main-sequence stellar luminosity with stellar mass leads to the eventual dominance of radiation pressure in stellar-envelope hydrostatic balance. As the luminosity approaches the Eddington limit, additional instabilities (beyond conventional convection) can occur. These instabilities readily manifest in the outer envelopes of OB stars, where the opacity increase associated with iron yields density and gas-pressure inversions in 1D models. Additionally, recent photometric surveys (e.g., TESS) have detected excess broadband low-frequency variability in power spectra of OB star lightcurves, called stochastic low-frequency variability (SLFV). This motivates our novel 3D Athena++ radiation hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations of two 35 M
⊙ star envelopes (the outer ≈15% of the stellar radial extent), one on the zero-age main sequence and the other in the middle of the main sequence. Both models exhibit turbulent motion far above and below the conventional iron-opacity peak convection zone (FeCZ), obliterating any “quiet” part of the near-surface region and leading to velocities at the photosphere of 10–100 km s−1, directly agreeing with spectroscopic data. Surface turbulence also produces SLFV in model lightcurves with amplitudes and power-law slopes that are strikingly similar to those of observed stars. The characteristic frequencies associated with SLFV in our models are comparable to the thermal time in the FeCZ (≈3–7 day−1). These ab initio simulations are directly validated by observations and, though more models are needed, we remain optimistic that 3D RHD models of main-sequence O-star envelopes exhibit SLFV originating from the FeCZ.
Transgenders are the most vulnerable amongst individuals engaging in receptive anal intercourse
Authors: Arora Tanvi , Wadhwa Neelam , Pandhi Deepika , Diwaker Preeti , Arora Vinod K. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
In India, sexuality not confirming to hetero-conjugal and peno-vaginal norm is abhorred and discriminated against. Individuals engaging in Receptive Anal Intercourse (RAI) are marginalized. Reappraisal of their sexual health conditions is likely to promote inclusive health care.

Methods:
Eighty-five consenting adults with RAI history were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Clinico-demographic data was noted and anal cytology samples were reported by Bethesda 2014 terminology.

Results:
There were 29 transgenders (TGs), 51 males (31 bisexual) and five females. Fifty-four subjects were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected (22 TGs, 31 males (17 bisexual) and one female) and 52 were receiving anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Thirty-one subjects had anal warts (6 TGs, 20 males, five females). Anal cytology revealed squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) in 20 (5 TGs, 13 males, two females). TGs had significantly risker sexual practices than homosexual males, bisexual males and females, with consistently earlier age of first RAI exposure and frequent childhood (≤16 years) RAI experience compared to homosexual males, bisexual males and females, even after stratification by HIV status, warts and SIL.

Conclusions:
TGs had the highest sexual health risk profile including higher frequency of HIV infection compared to other subjects with RAI history. Bisexuality was common; their risk profile was variably lower than homosexual males. Mindfulness of above is likely to help overcome barriers to health care access and promote compassionate approach at all levels including primary care physicians.
In vitro antiplasmodial, cytotoxic and antioxidant effects, and phytochemical constituents of eleven plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Eseyin Olorunfemi Abraham , Etim Iweh Emmanuel , Attih Emmanuel E. , Johnson Ekarika , Udobre Aniefiok Sunday , Ebong Aniekan Stephen , Zofou Dennis 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the antiplasmodial effects of eleven plants (Bombax buonopozense, Carica papaya, Anthocleista djalonensis, Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia, Homalim letestui, Starchystarpheta cayennnensis, Ocimum gratissimum, Cleistopholis patens, Chromolaena odorata and Hippocratea africana) reportedly used in the treatment of malaria in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.
Methods: Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods, while in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation was carried out using Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquineresistant strains using lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. Cytotoxicity test was undertaken by MTT assay on LLC-MK2 cells and the concentration killing 50 % of the cells (CC50) was calculated.Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Results: Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia and Chromolaena odorata had moderate antiplasmodial activity. Ocimum gratissimum and Hippocratea africana were weakly active. Milicia excelsa showed a considerable level of cytotoxicity, while Bombax buonopozense exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Bombax buonopozense (95.3 %) and Ocimum gratissimum (92.0 %) exhibited high DPPH scavengingeffect comparable to Vitamin C (98.7 %). There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between DPPH inhibition and the total phenolic contents of the eleven plants studied (r2 = 0.6616), between DPPH inhibition and flavonoids (r2 = 0.3553), between antiplasmodial activity and saponin content (r2= 0.3992), and between the two antiplasmodial evaluation assay methods (r2 = 0.614).Conclusion: The results of this work provide some justification for the use of Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia, Chromolaena odorata, Ocimum gratissimum and Hippocratea africana in the treatment of malaria.
Keywords: Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Phytochemicals, Antimalaria
Assessment of medication prescription errors and their contributory factors in major cities of Punjab Province, Pakistan: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Hussain Iltaf , Akbar Muqarrab , Chaudhry Muhammad O. , Imran Imran , Saeed Hamid , Hashmi Furqan K. , Siddique Omama , Tahir Shehnoor , Bilal Sana , Ashraf Fazila , Ayaz Mehvish , Rasool Muhammad F. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the prescription errors and their contributory factors in Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 major cities of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1,184 prescriptions were collected from patients using a convenient sampling method from homes, pharmacies, clinics, and hospitals. The data were presented in frequency and percentage using descriptive statistics. To determine the association between the variables assessed, Chi-square (X2) test was used.Results: A total of 1,184 prescriptions were analyzed; 432 of them (36.5 %) were from prescribers who are graduate degree holders, and 752 (63.5 %) from prescribers who are post-graduate degree holders. The most commonly missing parameters in the prescriptions were the age of the patients (835 representing 29.4 %), signatures of the prescribers (755 representing 26.5 %), and prefix (622 representing 21.9 %). The number of prescription errors was significantly correlated to prescriber qualification (p = 0.001). The prescription errors were more common in age groups of prescribers: 21 - 30 years (654 representing 23.0 %), and 31 - 40 years (1,012 representing 35.6 %) (p = 0.001). The higher number of prescription errors by post-graduate prescribers working in teaching hospitals can be attributed to the higher patient load and lack of continuing medical education programs for the prescribers.Conclusion: The government should take necessary measures for the implementation of electronic prescribing systems, and devise mechanisms for the uniform distribution of patient load amongst the prescribers working in different hospitals.
Keywords: Prescription error, Prescribers, Patient load, Continuing medical education, Electronic prescribing
Determination of dehydroepiandrosterone in dietary supplements by reversed-phase HPLC
Authors: Tabaza Yahia Z. , Mansi Kamal M. , Azzam Hanan A. , Al-Mamoori Farah F. , Al-Samydai Ali M. , Aburjai Talal A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To develop a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in dietary supplements.
Methods: A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of DHEA in dietary supplements. An isocratic system consisting of methanol and water (70:30 v/v) was run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min on a C18 HPLC column to achieve the separation. The method was validated with regard to linearity, intra-day and inter-day precision, and limits of both detection and quantification.
Results: The method achieved a retention time of 10.8 min, a resolution of 4.12, a detection limit (LOD) of 50 ng/μL, a quantification limit (LOQ) of 166.7 ng/μL and a label claim of 108.6 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.38 % over a range of 0.0625 – 0.50 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997.
Conclusion: The method is simple, cost effective, time-saving and reliable for determining DHEA when compared to other reported methods in literature. Thus, it will be of benefit to manufacturers of this dietary supplement to adopt the method for quantitative laboratory analysis.
Effect of miR-384-targeting LINC00491 on proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Deng Yun , Luo Zhiwei , Feng Peilin , Wang Shuai 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA LINC00491 (LncRNA LINC00491) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells, and the underlying mechanism.
Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine the expressions of LINC00491 and micro-RNA-384 (miR-384). Furthermore, LINC00491 and miR-384 were transfected into CAL-27 cells, while cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell experiments. The relationship between LINC00491 and miR-384 was confirmed using double luciferase reporting assay, while protein expression levels of P21, Ki67, E- cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin were assayed with Western blotting.
Results: The expression of LINC00491 increased in TSCC tissues (p < 0.05). The proportion of cells in G1-phase increased, while the proportion of cells in S-phase decreased (p < 0.05). There was decrease in cell survival, cell migration and cell invasion (p < 0.05). The protein expression levels of Ki67, N- cadherin, and vimentin were lowered, while those of P21, E-cadherin protein were increased (p < 0.05). Transfection of LINC00491 and miR- 384 reduced the proportion of cells in G1 phase, but increased the proportion of cells in S-phase (p < 0.05). Moreover, cell survival, migration and invasion were increased. The protein expressions of Ki67, N-cadherin, and vimentin rose, while those of P21 and E-cadherin decreased (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: LINC00491 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of TSCC cells by inhibiting miR-384. This finding provides a potential target for the treatment of TSCC.
Prosedur dan Jenis Permintaan Visum et Repertum di Rumah Sakit: Literature Review
Authors: Ramadhani Dies Puji , Sugiarti Ida 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisum et repertum (VeR) is a medical certificate used for judicial needs in the form of a written report made by a doctor containing the results of the examination. VeR is one of the five legal pieces of evidence in court. Making a VeR that is not following hospital procedures can lead to the submission of evidence in court proceedings. This study aims to determine the standard procedure for implementing medical information for VeR and the types of cases for which a VeR is requested. This type of research is a literature review using Google Scholar and Garuda databases with a boolean system strategy. The flow of the implementation of patient medical information for VeR begins with the police submitting a letter of request for VeR to the hospital administration by bringing the requirements of an official request letter from the director of the hospital. The visa request letter and the report are placed in the Medical Record Installation for further processing by the Medical Record. The types of cases requested for VeR are divided into two, namely for living victims and dead victims. Living victims are divided into injuries, sexual crimes, and psychiatric.Keywords: literature review, visum et repertum (VeR), fixed procedure, type of request. AbstrakVisum et repertum (VeR) merupakan surat keterangan medis yang sifatnya dipergunakan untuk kebutuhan peradilan berupa laporan tertulis yang dibuat oleh dokter yang memuat hasil pemeriksaan. Visum et Repertum merupakan salah satu dari lima alat bukti yang sah di pengadilan. Pembuatan visum et repertum yang tidak sesuai dengan prosedur tetap rumah sakit dapat menghambat penyampaian bukti dalam proses pengadilan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur tetap pelaksanaan pelepasan informasi medis untuk keperluan visum et repertum serta jenis permintaan visum et repertum. Jenis penelitian adalah literature review menggunakan database Google Scholar dan Garuda dengan strategi boolean system. Alur pelaksanaan pelepasan informasi medis pasien untuk keperluan visum et repertum dimulai dengan pihak kepolisian menyerahkan surat permintaan visum et repertum ke bagian tata usaha Rumah Sakit dengan membawa persyaratan surat permohonan resmi dari kepolisian kepada direktur Rumah Sakit. Surat permintaan visum et repertum tersebut didisposisikan ke Instalasi Rekam Medis untuk selanjutnya diproses. Jenis kasus yang dimintakan visum et repertum dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu untuk korban hidup dan korban mati. Korban hidup terbagi menjadi perlukaan, kejahatan seksual, dan psikiatrik.Kata Kunci: literature review, visum et repertum, prosedur tetap, jenis permintaan
Examining the framing patterns of environmental issues: Episodic and thematic analysis of Pakistani and British news stories
Authors: Dar Atiya , Ali Shahzad , Bhutta Muhammad Makkey , Ali Mohammad Irfan 
Published: January 2022

Practice and applicability of environmental journalism accelerate changes in environmental policy, foster environmental awareness amongst the public and encourage environmentalism in the society. Reporting news in episodic instead of thematic manner is imperative in altering the public narrative regarding environment as well as providing assistance for significant decision making, to concerned stakeholders for better policy formation. The comparative design of this study utilized quantitative content analysis to examines framing approach of Pakistani and British environmental news stories. Using simple random sampling technique total (n=1139) environmental news stories analysed from all four newspapers since 2007 to 2016-time period. The findings indicate the contrast among four newspapers of two countries (Dawn & Nation) from Pakistani print media however (Guardian & Telegraph) from Great Britain identify the divergent framing characteristics of Pakistani and British environmental news stories with thematic and episodic preferences. Guardian and Telegraph framed thematic news stories focusing on structural attributions while Dawn and Nation news stories evoke individualistic attributions with episodic frames. In spite of media’s regular journalistic practice of featuring episodic news stories still communicators can shift their professional approach by learning the construction of persuasive thematic environmental news stories for bigger social change.
PENGARUH TINGKAT EFEKTIVITAS PERPUTARAN KAS, PIUTANG, DAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP RENTABILITAS EKONOMI PADA KOPERASI PEDAGANG PASAR GROGOLAN BARU (KOPPASGOBA) PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Fithrayudi Muhammad , Yohani Yohani , Pujiastuti Vivi 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of effectiveness of cash turnover, receivables,and working capital on economic rentability in the New Grogolan Market Traders Cooperative of Pekalongan City from 2016 to 2020. The method used in this study was quantitative research method with documentation techniques and analyzed used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study showed (1) the effectiveness of cash turnover has no significant effect on economic rentability, (2) the effectiveness of receivables turnover has no significant effect on economic rentability, (3) the effectiveness of working capital turnover has a positive and significant effect on economic rentability, and (4) there is a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of cash turnover, receivables, and working capital together on economic rentability.
Keywords: Turnover of cash, turnover of receivables, turnover of working capital, and economic rentability.