bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Airtraq DL™ and Macintosh laryngoscope for double-lumen tube placement in simulated difficult airway: A randomised study
Authors: Mounika K , Kar Prachi , Padhy Shibani , Pathy Archana , Durga Padmaja 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
The Airtraq DL ™ is a prototype channeled video laryngoscope, designed specifically for endobronchial intubation with a double-lumen tube (DLT). Evidence on its superiority over Macintosh laryngoscope for DLT placement in the difficult airway is limited. This study compared the efficacy of both these laryngoscopes in the simulated difficult airway.

Methods:
A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 52 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery with lung isolation using a left-sided DLT. The patients were randomised into Airtraq DL ™ group (group A) and Macintosh group (group M). The primary objective was to compare the time required for intubation, and the secondary objectives were to evaluate time to best glottic view, Cormack–Lehane (CL) grading, intubation difficulty score (IDS), manoeuvres, attempts at intubation, haemodynamic response and complications. Operating anaesthesiologists were also asked to grade the ease of laryngoscopy and intubation for both devices on a 4-point Likert scale.

Results:
The mean time to intubation was found to be lesser in group A than in group M (18 ± 6.91 s vs 25.48 ± 9.47 s, P = 0.003). Group A showed better CL grading (P ≤ 0.001), lesser requirement of manoeuvres (P = 0.02) and lower IDS (P = 0.003). Also, group A had significantly better Likert scale results as compared to group M.

Conclusion:
The Airtraq DL ™ is superior to Macintosh laryngoscope as it requires lesser time for intubation and provides favourable intubating conditions (better CL grading, lesser manoeuvres, lower IDS and improved Likert scales) for double-lumen placement in the simulated difficult airway.
Ketodex for MRI sedation in syndromic children with congenital cardiac anomalies – A case series
Authors: Magoon Rohan , Choudhary Nitin , Wadhawan Sonia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTSafe paediatric sedation in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suite can be challenging. The challenges intensify in uncooperative syndromic children compounded by an accentuated risk of periprocedural cardio-respiratory complications with anaesthetic sedation in this peculiarly predisposed subset. Amidst ardent debates on the ideal sedative agent for paediatric MRI, we report an encouraging application of ketamine-dexmedetomidine combination (ketodex) sedation for MRI in our case-series including syndromic children with coexistent congenital cardiac anomalies.
Awareness, perception, and acceptance of coronavirus vaccines by health-care workers approved for restricted emergency use in India
Authors: Srivastava Amit , Bala Renu , Bhaskar Ravi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Health-care workers (HCWs) have been designated as the highest priority group to receive the coronavirus (CoV) vaccine. The study aimed to assess the awareness and perception about the CoV vaccine and the factors associated with the acceptance or rejection of vaccines among HCWs in India.

Materials and Methods:
An online cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method was conducted between January 5 and January 14, 2021, just before the initiation of CoV vaccination among HCWs in India. Questions to assess awareness and perception were developed based on the information available on the public health websites. HCWs' willingness to accept the vaccines was also studied along with the factors associated with acceptance or rejection of CoV vaccination.

Results:
The study received responses from 496 HCWs. Awareness about the CoV vaccine was low, with a mean score of 5.44 (standard deviation = 2.91). Willingness to accept CoV vaccination was found in 63.51% of HCWs with the main reason to protect their family and colleagues (43.73%). The majority of HCWs agreed with the emergency authorization of CoV vaccines (65.93%) and agreed that vaccines will break the chain of transmission of infection (65.73%). Perception of vaccine effectiveness (odds ratio [OR] = 8.52, P = 0.000) and higher awareness (OR = 2.86, P = 0.000) were significantly associated with willingness to accept CoV vaccination.

Conclusion:
HCWs have the responsibility to disseminate correct information and risks about vaccinations among the public. Health authorities should continue encouraging the increase of the knowledge and awareness of the utility of vaccines among HCWs.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Professionalism, Patient care and procedural skills, and Systems-based practice.
Reliability and Reproducibility of a Conversion Factor for Grayscale Values Obtained from CBCTS Assessed at Various Anatomical Regions- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Prasanna Arvind T.R. , Jain Ravindra K 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Bone density assessment in dental practice is required for dental implant planning and placement, Orthodontic tooth movement, and establishing mid palatal suture maturation. Establishing a linear relationship between grayscale values and Hounsfield units (HUs) in softwares can improve the ease of diagnosis and treatment planning.

Aim:
To determine a conversion factor and test its reliability and reproducibility for grayscales values to HUs obtained in Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) s at various anatomical regions using Galileos Sirona CBCT Viewer Software and Philips DICOM Viewer.

Methods:
Eighty-seven (87) CBCTs were included in this retrospective study and 343 sites were assessed across different anatomical regions. Sites assessed were isolated in both softwares at identical locations. Grids were used for standardizing reference planes at different anatomical sites. Reference landmarks were isolated 1) between anterior interdental regions 2) between posterior interdental regions, and 3) at radio-opaque regions. Grayscale value was divided with HU to obtain conversion factors at different sites, which was the primary outcome of the study. The reproducibility of the factor obtained was also assessed to improve its clinical correlation.

Results:
In anterior interdental regions, grayscale values were 7.6 times greater than HUs. In posterior interdental regions, gray scale values were 4.5 times greater than HUs. The reliability of values obtained was verified using Kappa's correlation test. In radio-opaque regions, grayscale values were 1.4 times greater than HUs and highly reliable (r = 0.972).

Conclusion:
In well-exposed regions, a defined conversion factor can be established between grayscale values and HUs in Galileos Software. This factor determined is highly reproducible and reliable in radio-opaque regions, and adequately reliable in anterior and posterior interdental regions.
Efficacy of Crystallization Test in Screening of Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders
Authors: Ingle Vijaya Manikrao , Kale Lata M. , Gawai Amol S. , Jain Hitendra R. , Mhaske Rupali V. 
Published: June 2022

Context:
Pfeiffer in 1938 observed the crystallization pattern of cupric chloride on admixture with blood of cancer patient. Most of the oral squamous cell carcinoma develops from potentially malignant disorders (PMDs).

Aim:
The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of crystallization test in screening of oral PMDs.

Setting and Design:
The study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and radiology and oral Pathology and Microbiology.

Methods and Material:
The study included 20 oral PMDs and 20 normal healthy participants. One drop of blood was collected and dilution of 6% hemolyzed blood was done; 0.1 to 0.2 cc of this blood sample is added to 10 cc of 20% cupric chloride solution and further is subjected to crystallization test.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Chi-square test was applied and “P” value was found to be significant. This indicates that crystallization test was statistically significant for the detection of oral PMDs.

Results:
In this study, sensitivity 85% and specificity 90% of crystallization test in screening PMDs was observed. Among 20 PMDs, 17 were positive and 3 were negative and among 20 normal cases, 18 were negative, and 2 were positive for the crystallization test. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value was found to be 89.47% and 85.47% respectively.

Conclusion:
This test is simple, less invasive, economical and can be used at the community level in mass screening of high-risk individuals more prone to develop potentially malignant oral lesions.
Therapeutic Assessment of Intralesional Corticosteroids and Ultrasound Therapy in Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Parikh Shilpa J. , Parmar Priyanka R. , Shah Jigna S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition with a chronic, debilitating, and resistant nature. Various treatment modalities have been proposed for this condition including steroid injections and surgical interventions. In literature, there are very few studies signifying the role of therapeutic ultrasound in OSMF and this still remains a hidden field which needs to be explored further.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of ultrasound therapy with and without physical exercise with intralesional injection (I/L) of 2 ml dexamethasone (4 mg/ml) + hyaluronidase 1500 IU with physical exercise in patients with OSMF.

Materials and Method:
A total of 30 patients with OSMF were selected irrespective of age and gender and were allocated into groups A, B and C randomly.

Group A:
10 patients treated with I/L injection of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase with physical exercise.

Group B:
10 patients treated with therapeutic ultrasound and soft tissue mobilization with physical exercise.

Group C:
10 patients treated with therapeutic ultrasound and soft tissue mobilization without physical exercise. All the patients were evaluated weekly for 1 month and findings were compared with those at the beginning of treatment.

Result:
Ultrasound in combination with exercises leads to more improvement in mouth opening compared to ultrasound alone. Improvement in mouth opening of ultrasound with exercise was almost similar to intralesional injection of steroids.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound therapy interventions definitely show a significant improvement in the patient's condition with no reported side effects; hence it should be included in the treatment protocol for patients with OSMF.
Therapeutic Evaluation of 5% Topical Amlexanox Paste and 2% Curcumin Oral Gel in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis- A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gauthaman Jeevitha , Ganesan Anuradha 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) minor is a painful oral condition that is characterized by shallow ulcers with an erythematous halo. These ulcers cause difficulty in mastication and speech and have a high recurrence rate.

Objective:
The present study aims to compare the size of the ulcer, erythema, pain score, and recurrence rates in patients using 5% topical amlexanox and 2% curcumin oral paste in the management of RAS minor.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted among 48 participants who were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A comprised participants who were given 5% topical amlexanox paste and Group B comprised participants who were given 2% curcumin oral gel for application. The participants were evaluated on days 1, 4, and 7 for the size of ulcers, erythema level, and pain score. They were reviewed on days 30, 60, 90, and 180 and recurrence episodes were documented.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in erythema (0.041) and pain scores (0.012) in Group B participants who used curcumin. The size of the ulcer had reduced in both the groups though there was no significance. Recurrence rates were high in participants who used amlexanox (92%) and were comparatively low in the curcumin using group (50%).

Conclusions:
Curcumin is a potent, safe substitute in the management of RAS minor for its effectiveness in reducing erythema, pain, and recurrence rates. Further studies should be conducted for evaluating the efficacy of curcumin in various clinical types of RAS.
Assessment of the Usefulness of Morphometric and Volumetric Analysis of Mastoid Process for Gender Determination in Forensic Odontology
Authors: Mondal Binindita , Vaishali M. R. , David Maria P. , Roopashri G. , Kumar Vinod , Ponnuswamy Indira A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Personal identification is crucial in natural mass disasters and in man-made disasters when the body is highly mutilated and fragmented. The mastoid process of the skull is important in this regard for sex determination, since it is one of the most protected region and is resistant to damage.

Aim:
To assess the usefulness of morphometric and volumetric analysis of the mastoid process for gender determination in forensic odontology.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised of 60 retrospective CBCT skull images (30 males and 30 females) of known sex within the age group of 17–65 years. Radiographic measurements of the length, width, height and volume of the right and left mastoid processes were made using customized software.

Statistical Analysis:
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and discriminant functional analysis (DFA) were used to analyze all the collected data.

Results:
In the present study, the mean values of length, height, width and volume of the mastoid process were found to be higher in males than in females. The height of the mastoid process was found to be a good indicator of gender determination, with a sensitivity of 76.7%, a specificity of 76.7%, and an overall accuracy of 76.7%.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the mastoid process is a good indicator of gender determination. The volume can also be included as an additional parameter along with length, height, and width. We therefore recommend the use of the mastoid process for gender determination in personal identification in forensic odontology.
A Clinical Comparative Study with Evaluation of Gustatory Function Among Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients, Gutka Chewers, Chronic Smokers and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Jha Snehjyoti , Sangamesh NC , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Mishra Silpiranjan , Bajoria Atul A. , Sikdar Abhik 
Published: June 2022

Context:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease with significant malignant potential. The most common symptoms of the condition include burning sensation, trismus, swallowing, and speech impairment as well as gustatory alteration.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of gustatory functions in oral submucous fibrosis patients, gutka chewers, chronic smokers and healthy individuals.

Methods and Material:
A total of 112 individuals were selected for the study and divided into four groups of 28 participants, each comprising OSMF patients, gutka chewers, chronic smokers with gutka-chewing habits, and healthy individuals. Each participant was assessed for gustatory function using four different tastants for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter, and the taste perception was recorded as hypogeusia, hypergeusia, dysgeusia, and ageusia.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS software version 26. A comparison between the four groups was made separately for the four different tastes and the five parameters. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
For OSMF patients, gutka chewers, and chronic smokers with gutka-chewing habits, salty taste showed normal perception, sweet taste showed hypogeusia, and bitter taste reported ageusia. The healthy individuals mostly showed normal perception for almost all tastes.

Conclusions:
It can be concluded that OSMF and habitual consumption of areca nut and tobacco appear to have a significant impact on the alteration of the gustatory function, although the type of taste sensation that is affected may vary from person to person.
T-Scan Guided Occlusal Equilibration as an Effective Treatment in the Management of Symptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Ignatius Ancy V. , Garlapati Komali , Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Saba Asra , Kandi Pallavi , Reddy Chelluri Shreya 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) constitute clinical problems that involve the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints, associated structures, or both. The etiology of TMDs is multifactorial. The association between occlusal interferences and TMD is controversial..

Objectives:
This study is designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of T-Scan guided occlusal equilibration in patients suffering from TMD associated with occlusal discrepancies.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 15 patients clinically diagnosed with TMD based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and with positive occlusal interferences were included in the study. The occlusal equilibration was achieved by performing T-Scan guided Immediate Complete Anterior Guidance Development.

Results:
The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0 software. There was a statistically significant reduction in the occlusion time, i.e., from 0.77 ± 0.6 pre-treatment to 0.31 ± 0.2 post-treatment (P = 0.005), and also disclusion time, i.e., from 1.71 ± 1.09 pre-treatment to 0.11 ± 0.03 post-treatment (P = 0.000). There was a statistically significant reduction in the VAS score post-treatment (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
T-Scan guided occlusal equilibration in TMD patients has resulted in significant improvement of symptoms. Hence, we emphasize the importance of the identification and correction of occlusal interferences in the management of symptomatic TMDs.
Identification & Correlation of Candida Strains with CD4+ Count Among HIV Patients on HAART and Evaluation of In-Vitro Susceptibility to Fluconazole and Voriconazole
Authors: Harika Naidu , Sridevi Koduri , Krishnaveni Buduru , Kumar Nalli Prasanth , Mounika Gutta , Naga Deepika Adari Devi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
HIV is a life-threatening disease that increases morbidity and mortality due to the alterations of the body's immune system, leading to several opportunistic infections due to the progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Aim:
To identify and correlate the Candida strains with CD4+ count in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and evaluate the in-vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 HIV-positive patients who were not under HAART therapy were examined at three different intervals for the presence of Candida strains along with their CD4+ count and evaluated for in-vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole. The obtained values were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test and Chi-square tests with a significant P value of 0.005 and SPSS version 20.0 software.

Results:
C. albicans was the most common species isolated, followed by C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. C. glabrata showed a positive correlation with CD4+ count at 6 months of HAART therapy. The variation in CD4+ count prior to HAART therapy and at 3 and 6 months of HAART therapy showed a significant increase in the CD4+ count. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that all Candida strains were resistant to fluconazole and susceptible to voriconazole.

Conclusion:
The correlation of CD4+ count with Candida strains and in-vitro susceptibility of voriconazole to all the identified strains of Candida as observations from the present study suggests the need for more periodic studies among different sample populations with larger sample size.
Physiologic and pharmacologic considerations in morbid obesity and bariatric anesthesia
Authors: Brondeel Kimberley C. , Lakatta Alexis C. , Torres Grant B. , Hurley Joshua J. , Kunik Illan L. , Haney Kaley F. , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Obesity is a growing worldwide health hazard that is characterized by excess malnutrition. Excess food intake leads to dysregulated energy homeostasis and increased adiposity, activating pro-inflammatory physiologic pathways that can contribute to the chronic inflammatory state associated with many chronic illnesses. Obesity is a preventable illness, but its multifaceted etiology, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental variables, is critical to understanding its epidemiology and pathophysiology. Obesity is a critical predisposing factor for illnesses including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, with higher morbidity and death. Obesity rates are rising, and so will the need for perioperative anesthesia for subjects with obesity. Obesity epidemiology, biochemistry, and pathophysiology are significant concepts in perioperative anesthesia management for subjects with obesity. To provide optimal intraoperative care for subjects with obesity, preoperative cardiovascular assessment for coronary artery disease and drug monitoring is required. Individuals suffering from obesity have significantly higher oxygen consumption rates and a higher risk of desaturation and surgical complications. Individuals suffering from obesity require specialized perioperative treatment related to higher prevalence of perioperative complications.
Cardioprotection with glucose insulin potassium (GIK) during non cardiac surgery in a patient with stress induced myocardial ischemia
Authors: Tesoro Rosa , Hagerman Andres , Molliqaj Granit , Ellenberger Christoph , Licker Marc 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The administration of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) has demonstrated cardioprotective effects in cardiac surgery. A 58-year-old male with severe disabling back pain due to posterolateral lumbar pseudarthrosis was scheduled for spine surgery. He previously experienced two episodes of acute coronary syndrome that required percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Coronary angiogram showed intrastent occlusions and multiple coronary lesions that were not suitable for percutaneous or surgical revascularization. During pharmacological stress imaging, myocardial ischemia developed in 19% of the ventricular mass and was reduced to 7% when GIK was administered. After anesthesia induction, the GIK solution was also infused and surgery was uneventful, with no signs of postoperative myocardial injury. Four days later, the patient was successfully discharged to a rehabilitation center. This is the first clinical report of GIK pretreatment during non-cardiac surgery in a patient with ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Patients with sleep-disordered breathing for bariatric surgery
Authors: Oh Matthew W. , Chen Joy L. , Moon Tiffany S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of patients with obesity continues to rise worldwide and has reached epidemic proportions. There is a strong correlation between obesity and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and, in particular, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is often undiagnosed in the surgical population. Bariatric surgery has been recognized as an effective treatment option for both obesity and OSA. Laparoscopic bariatric procedures, particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), have become the most frequently performed procedures. OSA has been identified as an independent risk factor for perioperative complications and failure to recognize and prepare for patients with OSA is a major cause of postoperative adverse events, suggesting that all patients undergoing bariatric surgery should be screened preoperatively for OSA. These patients should be treated with an opioid-sparing analgesic plan and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) perioperatively to minimize respiratory complications. With the number of bariatric surgical patients with SDB likely to continue rising, it is critical to understand the best practices to manage this patient population.