bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and pilot of the university student embeddedness (USE) scale for student retention within universities: validation with an Australian student sample
Authors: Heritage Brody , Ladeira Christopher , Steele Andrea R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA significant number of university students are leaving their institutions before completing their degrees. The present research project applied embeddedness theory, from organizational research, to understand student retention in a tertiary student population, and develop a quantitative instrument that measured university student embeddedness. In Study One, a mixed-methods approach was employed to determine whether the Fit (similarity between the student and the university), Links (count of relationships at university), and Sacrifice (losses upon leaving university) dimensions of embeddedness related to students’ self-reported reasons for remaining enrolled at their university. Qualitative results from 15 undergraduate students indicated that intent to remain could be understood within the embeddedness dimensions of Fit, Links, and Sacrifice. These themes were employed to build the University Student Embeddedness (USE) scale. The measure was examined against Rasch measurement model assumptions for each of its subscales using data collected from 299 Australian tertiary students. Study Two sought to examine exploratory evidence of the concurrent validity of the scores from this developed measure. Responses from a separate sample of 196 Australian tertiary students showed only the Fit scale significantly related to student intentions to stay at university. All USE scales correlated with academic-related skills and motivations. These results suggest that the Fit scale may be valuable in identifying students at risk of dropout. Early identification of “at risk” students may lead to the development of targeted retention interventions. However, the USE’s role in detection requires further validation and the development of consistent findings within other student cohorts.
Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Well-Being Across Age: A Cross-Sectional General Population Study among 1709 Dutch Speaking Adults
Authors: Lataster Johan , Reijnders Jennifer , Janssens Mayke , Simons Marianne , Peeters Sanne , Jacobs Nele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccording to self-determination theory, individual well-being is universally dependent upon the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. This study set out to further elucidate the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) and well-being across age by (i) more closely examining the age distribution of BPNS, and (ii) investigating whether BPNS is comparably associated with well-being across all ages, as predicted by the universality assumption, while taking into account variability in other demographic factors. A general population sample of Dutch speaking adults from The Netherlands and Belgium (N = 1709; Mage = 48.6 years, SD = 19.0, range 18–97) filled out a cross-sectional online or paper-and-pencil survey questionnaire, providing self-reports of BPNS and well-being, using the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, respectively. Data analyses consisted of initial visual inspection using LOESS smoothed curve plotting, and subsequent model testing using multiple regression analyses. When correcting for other demographic factors, results showed a positive linear relationship between age and autonomy satisfaction, no significant relationship between age and competence satisfaction, and a slight positive cubic relationship between age and relatedness satisfaction (initial ‘peak’, followed by a slight decline and ‘dip’, and steady rise for later ages). All basic psychological needs factors were positively linked to well-being in all domains, with associations generally comparable between adults of different ages, thus lending support to the universality assumption of self-determination theory. Despite distinct age distributions, all three basic psychological needs seem important for maintaining a sense of well-being throughout life.
Off the mark: Repetitive marking undermines essay evaluations due to boredom
Authors: Erturk Sinan , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Igou Eric R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEssay-style assessment is widespread in education. Nonetheless, research shows that this tool can suffer from low reliability and validity. We attribute this problem partly to the boredom that marking multiple essays causes. Specifically, we propose that boredom in markers is associated with systematically lower marks on essays. To test this, we asked participants (N = 100) with an undergraduate degree to mark essays. The majority of these participants had at least some experience with marking. After marking each essay, participants indicated how bored they were. We found an increase in boredom over time and that higher boredom was associated with lower marks. Furthermore, offering a marking rubric did not prevent this problematic impact of boredom. These findings have implications for the validity of essays as an assessment tool and raise concerns about repetitive marking practices in general.
Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and regulates cell cycle progression via upregulating E2F transcription factor 1
Authors: Xu Hongli , Liang Shengnan , Hu Junjie , Liu Wentong , Dong Zhiqiang , Wei Shaozhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high in developing countries. Interventions that can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells represent promising strategies in CRC treatment. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 (DTX3) plays an essential role in tumor development and may predict the outcome of cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of DTX3 in CRC progression.

Methods and results
The expression of DTX3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues relative to normal colorectal tissues. DTX3 overexpression inhibited, while DTX3 knockout promoted the colony-forming capacity and proliferation of CRC cells. E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is a key mediator of cell cycle progression that participates in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of CRC. Further analysis revealed that DTX3 regulated the transcriptional activity of E2F1 in CRC cells. The transcription by E2F1 was significantly reduced with the increase in the cellular level of DTX3, while DTX3 knockout exerted an opposite effect. DTX3 knockout also increased the expression of E2F1 target genes involved in cell cycle progression, CDC2 and Cyclin D3, while PD 0332991, an inhibitor of E2F1 transcription, inhibited the expression of both proteins.

Conclusions
In conclusion, DTX3 regulated CRC cell growth via regulating E2F1 and its downstream genes. These findings support further exploration of DTX3 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Phosphorus supply affects seedling growth of mycorrhizal but not cluster-root forming jarrah-forest species
Authors: Standish Rachel J. , Daws Matthew I. , Morald Tim K. , Speijers Jane , Koch John M. , Hobbs Richard J. , Tibbett Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsFertiliser is often used to kick-start ecological restoration despite growing evidence of the potentially negative impacts on plant diversity. Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest species growing on nutrient (especially phosphorus) impoverished soils in southwestern Australia have a suite of adaptations for phosphorus (P) acquisition, including the formation of cluster roots, and associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Here we investigated how escalating P supply, along with a stoichiometric adjustment of nitrogen (N) supply, impacted the growth and nutrition of a wide range of jarrah forest seedlings.MethodsIn a pot experiment, we measured seedling biomass and nutritional responses of 12 jarrah forest species to a gradient of P supply in relation to N supply, and for the mycorrhizal species, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.ResultsThree cluster-root forming species did not respond to increasing P, probably because they were reliant on seed P. Generally, mycorrhizal species showed a positive biomass response to increasing P when N was available. Mycorrhizas benefited seedling growth at low P (9 mg P added per kg of jarrah forest soil) when N was also available, and were parasitic to seedling growth at high P (243 mg P/ kg soil) without additional N.ConclusionsThese results highlight importance of P and N supply in determining the nature of the symbiosis between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Since P supply has the potential to reduce plant growth, for a range of species, our results suggest careful consideration of fertiliser amounts for ecological restoration of ecosystems adapted to nutrient poor soils.
EvoRecSys: Evolutionary framework for health and well-being recommender systems
Authors: Alcaraz-Herrera Hugo , Cartlidge John , Toumpakari Zoi , Western Max , Palomares Iván 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, recommender systems have been employed in domains like e-commerce, tourism, and multimedia streaming, where personalising users’ experience based on their interactions is a fundamental aspect to consider. Recent recommender system developments have also focused on well-being, yet existing solutions have been entirely designed considering one single well-being aspect in isolation, such as a healthy diet or an active lifestyle. This research introduces EvoRecSys, a novel recommendation framework that proposes evolutionary algorithms as the main recommendation engine, thereby modelling the problem of generating personalised well-being recommendations as a multi-objective optimisation problem. EvoRecSys captures the interrelation between multiple aspects of well-being by constructing configurable recommendations in the form of bundled items with dynamic properties. The preferences and a predefined well-being goal by the user are jointly considered. By instantiating the framework into an implemented model, we illustrate the use of a genetic algorithm as the recommendation engine. Finally, this implementation has been deployed as a Web application in order to conduct a users’ study.
Multi-frame Motion Segmentation by Combining Two-Frame Results
Authors: Arrigoni Federica , Ricci Elisa , Pajdla Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider the motion segmentation problem on sparse and unstructured datasets involving rigid motions, motivated by multibody structure from motion. In particular, we assume only two-frame correspondences as input without prior knowledge about trajectories. Inspired by the success of synchronization methods, we address this problem by introducing a two-stage approach: first, motion segmentation is addressed on image pairs independently; then, two-frame results are combined in a robust way to compute the final multi-frame segmentation. Our synthetic and real experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is very effective in reducing the errors among two-frame results and it can cope with a large amount of mismatches. Moreover, our method can be profitably used to build a multibody structure from motion pipeline.
Multi-channel Detector Module for Multi-energy Gamma Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Bieberle André , Berger Ronny , Stave Philipp , Hampel Uwe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper an enhanced signal processing electronics for an existing multi-channel detector module for gamma ray computed tomography is presented. The detector electronics is able to evaluate gamma photon energies by measuring pulse duration times, which makes it perfectly suitable for attenuation measurements with multi-energy and/or multiple isotopic sources. The duration time of each voltage pulse generated by a gamma photon within the radiation detector is measured using a complex programmable logic device. A sophisticated logic circuit for eight detector channels is designed to acquire the pulse duration time spectra in a total of 256 channels per detector channel in parallel. This paper introduces the basic concept, describes the general and a specific CPLD design, provides an analysis of the accuracy and presents measured pulse duration time spectra.
A Study of l-Lysine-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) on Microalgae Biofilm Formation of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Taghizadeh Seyedeh-Masoumeh , Ebrahiminezhad Alireza , Raee Mohammad Javad , Ramezani Hamidreza , Berenjian Aydin , Ghasemi Younes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite iron-based nanoparticles gaining huge attraction in various field of sciences and technology, their application rises ecological concerns due to lack of studies on their interaction with microbial cells populations and communities, such as biofilms. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris cells were employed as a model of aquatic microalgae to investigate the impacts of l-lysine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (lys@IONPs) on microalgal growth and biofilm formation. In this regard, C. vulgaris cells were exposed to different concentrations of lys@IONPs and the growth of cells was evaluated by OD600 and biofilm formation was analyzed using crystal violet staining throughout 12 days. It was revealed that low concentration of nanoparticles (< 400 µg/mL) can promote cell growth and biofilm formation. However, higher concentrations have an adverse effect on microalgal communities. It is interesting that microalgal growth and biofilm are concentration- and exposure time-dependent to lys@IONPs. Over long period (~ 12 days) exposure to high concentrations of nanoparticles, cells can adapt with the condition, so growth was raised and biofilm started to develop. Results of the present study could be considered in ecological issues and also bioprocesses using microalgal cells.
Addressing the Prevention of Internal Displacement: the Right Not to Be Arbitrarily Displaced
Authors: Dirikgil Naziye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInternally displaced persons (IDPs) constitute one of the important subjects to consider for enhancing the understanding of migration. They also play a significant role to the contribution of maintenance and promotion of international peace and security and they should be an important component of any comprehensive strategy to resolve conflict and build peace. Even though IDP numbers still increase dramatically, the root causes of internal displacement have not been studied extensively. This article addresses this gap through an examination of the right not to be arbitrarily displaced and its evolution at the national level. The article first examines the content of the right not to be arbitrarily displaced and the meaning of the term ‘arbitrary’ in different situations of internal displacement and then demonstrates that the capacity of this right to perform a critical role for IDP protection has been facilitated by developments across national laws. The empirical analysis shows that certain countries have developed more ambitious and comprehensive national legal frameworks on IDP rights, and this process has led to the recognition of the right not to be arbitrarily displaced in their domestic frameworks. It can be argued that there are now a critical number of countries that explicitly recognise this right, and which have even created policy-making frameworks that promote the applicability of this right.
Can social support be improved in people with a severe mental illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beckers Thijs , Maassen Niek , Koekkoek Bauke , Tiemens Bea , Hutschemaekers Giel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeople with a severe mental illness often have less social support than other people, yet these people need social support to face the challenges in their lives. Increasing social support could benefit the person’s recovery, but it is not clear whether interventions that aim to improve social support in people with a severe mental illness are effective. A systematic literature search and review in MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, JSTOR, IBSS, and Embase was performed. Studies were included if they had a control group and they were aimed at improving social support in people with a severe mental illness who were receiving outpatient treatment. Summary data were extracted from the research papers and compared in a meta-analysis by converting outcomes to effect sizes (Hedges’s g). Eight studies (total n = 1538) that evaluated ten different interventions met the inclusion criteria. All but one of these studies was of sufficient quality to be included in the review. The studies that were included in the meta-analysis had a combined effect size of 0.17 (confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.32), indicating a small or no effect for the interventions that were evaluated. A subgroup analysis of more personalized studies showed a combined effect size of 0.35 (CI = 0.27 to 0.44), indicating a noteworthy effect for these more personalized studies. This evaluation of interventions aimed at improving social support in people with a severe mental illness suggests that these interventions in general have little or no clinical benefit. However, in a subgroup analysis the more personalized interventions have a larger effect on improving social support and merit further research.
Crime and safety in transit environments: a systematic review of the English and the French literature, 1970–2020
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Gaudelet Nathan , Graf Gabin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article reviews five decades of English and French literature on transit safety in several major databases, with the focus on Scopus and ScienceDirect. The review explores the nature and frequency of transit crime and passengers’ safety perceptions in transport nodes and along the trip using bibliometric analysis and a systematic review of the literature. The number of retrieved documents was 3137, and 245 were selected for in-depth analysis. Transit safety as a research area took off after the mid-1990s and peaked after the 2010s. The body of research is dominated by the English-language literature (mostly large cities), with a focus on the safety of rail-bound environments and examples of interventions to improve actual and perceived safety for public transportation (PT) users. Highlighting the importance of transit environments along the whole trip, the article also helps advocate for more inclusion of passengers’ safety needs and the involvement of multiple stakeholders in implementing PT policies.
The presence of cardiotropic viral genomes is not increased in atrial tissue of atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Wu L. , Emmens R. W. , van Wezenbeek J. , Stooker W. , Allaart C. P. , Vonk A. B. A. , van Rossum A. C. , Wolthers K. C. , Niessen H. W. M. , Krijnen P. A. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Infections with potentially cardiotropic viruses are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether direct viral infection of the atria is involved in the pathogenesis of AF is unclear. We have therefore analysed the presence of cardiotropic viral genomes in AF patients.

Methods
Samples of left atrial tissue were obtained from 50 AF patients (paroxysmal, n = 20; long-standing persistent/permanent, n = 30) during cardiac surgery and from autopsied control patients (n = 14). Herein, the presence of PVB19, EBV, CMV, HHV‑6, adenovirus and enterovirus genomes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The densities of CD45+ and CD3+ cells and fibrosis in the atria were quantified by (immuno)histochemistry.

Results
Of the tested viruses only the PVB19 genome was detected in the atria of 10% of patients, paroxysmal AF (2 of 20) and long-standing persistent/permanent AF (3 of 30). Conversely, in 50% of controls (7 of 14) PVB19 genome was found. No significant association was found between PVB19 and CD45+ and CD3+ cells, or between the presence of PVB19 and fibrosis, in either control or AF patients.

Conclusion
The presence of viral genomes is not increased in the atria of AF patients. These results do not support an important role for viral infection of the atria in the pathogenesis of AF.
Data-driven Dimensional Expression Generation via Encapsulated Variational Auto-Encoders
Authors: Bai Wenjun , Quan Changqin , Luo Zhi-Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcerning facial expression generation, relying on the sheer volume of training data, recent advances on generative models allow high-quality generation of facial expressions free of the laborious facial expression annotating procedure. However, these generative processes have limited relevance to the psychological conceptualised dimensional plane, i.e., the Arousal-Valence two-dimensional plane, resulting in the generation of psychological uninterpretable facial expressions. For this, in this research, we seek to present a novel generative model, targeting learning the psychological compatible (low-dimensional) representations of facial expressions to permit the generation of facial expressions along the psychological conceptualised Arousal-Valence dimensions. To generate Arousal-Valence compatible facial expressions, we resort to a novel form of the data-driven generative model, i.e., the encapsulated variational auto-encoders (EVAE), which is consisted of two connected variational auto-encoders. Two harnessed variational auto-encoders in our EVAE model are concatenated with a tuneable continuous hyper-parameter, which bounds the learning of EVAE. Since this tuneable hyper-parameter, along with the linearly sampled inputs, largely determine the process of generating facial expressions, we hypothesise the correspondence between continuous scales on the hyper-parameter and sampled inputs, and the psychological conceptualised Arousal-Valence dimensions. For empirical validations, two public released facial expression datasets, e.g., the Frey faces and FERG-DB datasets, were employed here to evaluate the dimensional generative performance of our proposed EVAE. Across two datasets, the generated facial expressions along our two hypothesised continuous scales were observed in consistent with the psychological conceptualised Arousal-Valence dimensions. Applied our proposed EVAE model to the Frey faces and FERG-DB facial expression datasets, we demonstrate the feasibility of generating facial expressions along with the conceptualised Arousal-Valence dimensions. In conclusion, to generate facial expressions along the psychological conceptualised Arousal-Valance dimensions, we propose a novel type of generative model, i.e., encapsulated variational auto-encoders (EVAE), allowing the generation process to be disentangled into two tuneable continuous factors. Validated in two publicly available facial expression datasets, we demonstrate the association between these factors and Arousal-Valence dimensions in facial expression generation, deriving the data-driven Arousal-Valence plane in affective computing. Despite its embryonic stage, our research may shed light on the prospect of continuous, dimensional affective computing.