bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple high energy nuclear and hadron collisions - a new method to study QCD phase diagram at high baryonic densities
Authors: Vitiuk O. V. , Pugatch V. M. , Bugaev K. A. , Panasiuk P. P. , Yakovenko N. S. , Grinyuk B. E. , Zherebtsova E. S. , Bleicher M. , Bravina L. V. , Taranenko A. V. , Zabrodin E. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose an entirely new method to study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter by means of scattering the two colliding beams at the fixed target. Here we present the results of simulations of the most central triple nuclear collisions with the UrQMD 3.4 model for the beam center-of-mass collision energies $$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\ \hbox {TeV}$$

s

NN

=
2.76

TeV

and $$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ \hbox {GeV}$$

s

NN

=
200

GeV

. The main outcome of our modeling is that even at these very high collision energies the initial baryonic charge densities are about 3 times higher than the ones achieved in the ordinary binary nuclear collisions. As a result, for instance, the yields of protons and $$\varLambda $$
Λ
-hyperons are strongly enhanced in the triple nuclear collisions. The other prospective applications of this method are briefly discussed. Among them we consider the low energy collisions of three nuclei of lead, passing through an intermediate system with an electric charge of 246 units which exceeds essentially the critical value of 173 and, hence, this may be of crucial importance to study the spontaneous emission of positron-electron pairs from the vacuum. We present the convincing arguments that the triple nuclear collisions method will allow the high energy nuclear physics community to create a new frontier in the studies of the QCD phase diagram and to lift up these studies to an entirely new level.
Solving the matrix exponential function for the Lie groups SU(3), SU(4) and Sp(2)
Authors: Kaiser Norbert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe well known analytical formula forSU(2) matrices$$U = \exp (i \vec \tau \!\cdot \! \vec \varphi \,) = \cos |\vec \varphi \,|\mathbf{1} + i\vec \tau \!\cdot \! {\hat{\varphi }} \, \sin |\vec \varphi \,|$$U=exp(iτ→·φ→)=cos|φ→|1+iτ→·φ^sin|φ→|is extended to theSU(3) group with eight real parameters. The resulting analytical formula involves the sum over three real roots of a cubic equation, corresponding to the so-called irreducible case, where one has to employ for solution the trisection of an angle. When going to the special unitary groupSU(4) with 15 real parameters, the analytical formula involves the sum over four real roots of a quartic equation. The associated cubic resolvent equation with three positive roots belongs again to the irreducible case. Furthermore, by imposing the pertinent condition onSU(4) matrices one can also treat the symplectic groupSp(2) with ten real parameters. Since there the roots occur as two pairs of opposite sign, this simplifies the analytical formula forSp(2) matrices considerably. An outlook to the situation with quasi-analytical formulas forSU(5),SU(6) andSp(3) is also given.
Coherent radiation of photons by particle wave packets
Authors: Kazinski P. O. , Solovyev T. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe radiation of photons by electrons is investigated in the framework of quantum electrodynamics up to the second order in the coupling constant e. The N-particle, coherent, and thermal initial states are considered and the forms of the electron wave packets are taken into account. The explicit expressions for the intensity of radiation and the inclusive probability to record a photon are obtained. It is found that there are three processes in this order of perturbation theory where the electron wave packet radiates coherently and can be regarded as a charged fluid even on integrating over the final states of the electron, i.e., in considering the inclusive probabilities and intensity of radiation. These processes are stimulated radiation by an electron, coherent radiation from a beam of particles, and reradiation of a photon in the Compton process. We obtain the explicit expressions for the intensity of radiation and the inclusive probability to record a photon for these processes. As particular cases, we consider: stimulated transition radiation produced by an electron wave packet traversing a mirror and backlighted by a laser wave, reradiation of photons in a coherent state by an electron wave packet. In the latter case, we deduce that the wave packet of a single electron can be endowed with the susceptibility tensor and this tensor has the same form as for an electron plasma in the small recoil limit.
Event-by-event cumulants of azimuthal angles
Authors: Bilandzic Ante 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe further develop the recently proposed event-by-event cumulants of azimuthal angles. The role of reflection symmetry, permutation symmetry, frame independence, and relabeling of particle indices in the cumulant expansion is discussed in detail. We argue that mathematical and statistical properties of cumulants are preserved if cumulants of azimuthal angles are defined event-by-event in terms of single-event averages of azimuthal angles, while they are violated in the traditional approach in which cumulants are defined in terms of all-event averages. We derive for the first time the example analytic solutions for the contribution of combinatorial background in the measured two- and three-particle correlations. We demonstrate that these solutions for the combinatorial background are universal, as they can be written generically in terms of multiplicity-dependent combinatorial weights and marginal probability density functions of starting multivariate distribution. The new general results between multiparticle azimuthal correlators and flow amplitudes and symmetry planes are presented.
Polarized image of an equatorial emitting ring around a 4D Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Qin Xin , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe have studied the polarized image of an equatorial emitting ring around a 4D Gauss–Bonnet black hole. Our results show that the effects of Gauss–Bonnet parameter on the polarized image depend on the magnetic field configuration, the observation inclination angle, and the fluid velocity. As the magnetic field lies in the equatorial plane, the observed polarization intensity increases monotonously with Gauss–Bonnet parameter in the low inclination angle case, and its monotonicity disappears in the case with high inclination angle. However, as the magnetic field is vertical to the equatorial plane, the polarization intensity is a monotonously increasing function of Gauss–Bonnet parameter in the high inclination angle case. The changes of the electric vector position angle with Gauss–Bonnet parameter in both cases are more complicated. We also probe the effects of Gauss–Bonnet parameter on the Strokes Q–U loops.
Leveraging change point detection to discover natural experiments in data
Authors: He Yuzi , Burghardt Keith A. , Lerman Kristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChange point detection has many practical applications, from anomaly detection in data to scene changes in robotics; however, finding changes in high dimensional data is an ongoing challenge. We describe a self-training model-agnostic framework to detect changes in arbitrarily complex data. The method consists of two steps. First, it labels data as before or after a candidate change point and trains a classifier to predict these labels. The accuracy of this classifier varies for different candidate change points. By modeling the accuracy change we can infer the true change point and fraction of data affected by the change (a proxy for detection confidence). We demonstrate how our framework can achieve low bias over a wide range of conditions and detect changes in high dimensional, noisy data more accurately than alternative methods. We use the framework to identify changes in real-world data and measure their effects using regression discontinuity designs, thereby uncovering potential natural experiments, such as the effect of pandemic lockdowns on air pollution and the effect of policy changes on performance and persistence in a learning platform. Our method opens new avenues for data-driven discovery due to its flexibility, accuracy and robustness in identifying changes in data.
Complex physical phenomena of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama equation in a two-layer heterogeneous liquid
Authors: Tantawy M. , Abdel-Gawad H. I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInhomogeneous liquid may be argued to inhomogeneous density or induced by an external field. It is a type of the commonly seen fluids. Heterogeneous medium, which stands to, by heterogeneous medium (HM). As a realistic example, the Earth’s atmosphere, as a whole, it is blue a heterogeneous mixture. Further, the liquid formed from oil and water, which is with non-uniform composition, is immiscible HM. The study of the dynamics of clouds, as HM fluid, is of great interest in depicting many natural phenomena. It is recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills. So, methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns of these loads were presented. Due to the wide spread of the applications of the heterogeneous fluid (or liquid) in nature, this motivated us to study, here, a prototype example. The model equation that describes the interaction of two-layer liquid was constructed by (3+1)-dimensional Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama (3D-YTSFE), which is an integro-differential equation. A generalized 3D-YTSFE with constant or time-dependent coefficients was intensively studied the literature. Here, we are concerned with the study of the dynamics of two-layer heteroogeneous liquid with space and time-dependent coefficients. That is, model equation constructed here is inhomogeneous-non-autonomous generalized 3D-YTSFE. The problem considered, in the present work, is completely novel and was not studied previously. This may be argued to the fact that it cannot be amenable by the known methods in the literature. On the other hand, the derivations are not straightforward. We solve the equations obtained, which contain arbitrary functions and their space and time derivatives. So, compatibility equations are needed, that will be illustrated, here, in detail. Exact solutions of the proposed model equation are found via the extended unified method. A variety of similarity solutions are found in polynomial and rational forms in an auxiliary function. They are evaluated numerically and are represented in graphs. It is shown that they reveal abundant novel waves geometric structures. They are classified as cylindrical soliton, molar soliton, soliton with support and double branches, dromian structure, lattice wave with tunneling, capillary wave, and chaotic solutions.
Faking photon number on a transition-edge sensor
Authors: Chaiwongkhot Poompong , Zhong Jiaqiang , Huang Anqi , Qin Hao , Shi Sheng-cai , Makarov Vadim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study potential security vulnerabilities of a single-photon detector based on superconducting transition-edge sensor. In one experiment, we show that an adversary could fake a photon number result at a certain wavelength by sending a larger number of photons at a longer wavelength, which is an expected and known behaviour. In another experiment, we unexpectedly find that the detector can be blinded by bright continuous-wave light and then, a controlled response simulating single-photon detection can be produced by applying a bright light pulse. We model an intercept-and-resend attack on a quantum key distribution system that exploits the latter vulnerability and, under certain assumptions, able to steal the key.
An introduction to the geochemistry and geophysics of the Antarctic mantle
Authors: Martin Adam P. , van der Wal Wouter , de Boer Bas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Antarctic mantle, bounded between the core and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, is one of the most difficult targets of study on Earth because of ice cover and rare outcrops. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted in this volume, using petrology, geochemistry, remote-sensed data and geodesy to characterize the Antarctic mantle. This characterization has application to rates of glacial isostatic adjustment, heat flow, sea-level rise and tectonics. It places the Antarctic mantle domain in a global framework on a scale not attempted before. In this chapter we review the historical development of mantle studies in Antarctica, outline current research directions, introduce the volume chapters and provide a summary and outlook.
A first-order estimation of underground hydrogen storage potential in Indian sedimentary basins
Authors: Vishal Vikram , Verma Yashvardhan , Sulekh Kunal , Singh T. N. , Dutta Arnab 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is considered as a fuel of the future, primarily owing to its advantage of zero carbon emissions during its combustion and electricity generation. India's geographical location in the tropics and the country's government policies, which favour hydrogen, render it a potential pioneer as a hydrogen economy. Therefore, identifying suitable storage mechanisms for hydrogen in the country is crucial. In this study, we have reviewed different methodologies to estimate the potential for underground hydrogen storage in depleted hydrocarbon fields and saline aquifers. Based on our analysis, we have then estimated a first-order storage potential for underground hydrogen storage in India after applying suitable constraints. We conclude that India can store up to 22 610 terrawatt-hours (TWh) of hydrogen in deep saline aquifers. We found that the major Indian sedimentary basins, such as the Mumbai offshore, Krishna–Godavari, Rajasthan, Cauvery and Cambay basins, have high storage capacities for hydrogen on the order of 2163, 1788.8, 1211.5, 1666.6 and 342.9 TWh, respectively. We have also presented an overview of the storage potential of salt structures that are present in India. In addition to storage pathways, we have also delineated the sources that can be used in electrolysis to generate hydrogen.
Endoscopic Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Prognostic Model Construction
Authors: Su Qi , Xu Guokang 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joints. Currently, there is still a lack of effective tools to predict the long-term efficacy of surgical treatment of OA. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic factors of endoscopic surgery for OA and to predict the long-term efficacy of this type of surgery for OA by establishing a prognostic model. Methods. Baseline and follow-up data on 236 OA patients who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected and patients were randomly assigned to a training set (

n

= 165) and a test set (

n

= 71). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between features. Feature selection was performed by recursive feature elimination (RFE) and linear regression.

K

-means clustering analysis was performed on the selected features to obtain the number of output layers. Finally, a single hidden layer error backpropagation (BP)-artificial neural network (ANN) model was established on the training set, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn on the test set for verification. Results. Correlation analysis revealed no redundancy among features. RFE and linear regression screened out the features associated with postoperative prognosis under endoscopic surgery: sex, age, BMI, region, morning stiffness time, step count, and osteophyte area.

K

-means clustering yielded that the optimal number of categories was three, the same as the number of categories for the outcome variable. Therefore, a 7-1-3 BP neural network model was established based on these 7 features, and this model could predict the postoperative situation within one year to a relatively accurate extent: area under curve values (AUC) were 0.814, 0.700, and 0.761 in patients with worse, unchanged, and improved conditions one year after surgery, respectively, higher than the multiclass AUC value (0.646). Conclusion. The prognostic model of endoscopic surgery for OA constructed in this study can well predict the disease progression of patients within one year after surgery.
Effect of Stocking Density and Dietary Protein Level in Biofloc System on the Growth, Digestive and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Health, and Resistance to Acute Crowding Stress in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Adineh Hossein , Naderi Mahdi , Jafaryan Hojatallah , Khademi Hamidi Mohammad , Yousefi Morteza , Ahmadifar Ehsan 
Published: September 2022

This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of stocking densities and dietary protein levels in the biofloc system on the performance of common carp. Fish (

12.09
±
0.99

g) were transferred to 15 tanks: fish reared at 10 kg/m3 as medium density and fed 35% (MD35) or 25% (MD25) protein and fish reared at 20 kg/m3 as high density and fed 35% (HD35) or 25% (HD25) protein in the biofloc system and control fish reared at MD and fed 35% protein in clear water. After 60 days, fish were subjected to crowding stress (80 kg/m3) for 24 h. The growth of fish was highest in MD35. The feed conversion ratio was lower in MD35 compared to the control and HD groups. The amylase, lipase, protease, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the biofloc groups were significantly higher than in the control. After crowding stress, cortisol and glucose levels in biofloc treatments were significantly decreased compared to the control. After 12 and 24 h stress, lysozyme activity in MD35 was significantly lower than in the HD treatments. Overall, the biofloc system with MD could improve growth and robustness against acute stress in fish. Also, biofloc could compensate 10% reduction of protein in common carp juvenile diet when reared in MD.
КЛІНІКО-ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГАРЯЧКИ ЗАХІДНОГО НІЛУ В УКРАЇНІ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ
Authors: Виноград Н. О. , Шуль У. А. , Юрченко О. О. 
Published: September 2022

Гарячка Західного Нілу (ГЗН) – актуальне зооантропонозне природно-осередкове трансмісивне особливо небезпечне захворювання з планетарним поширенням, належить до пріоритетних проблем за медико-соціальними параметрами. Природні та антропургічні осередки ГЗН стабільні у часі. Їх структура та межі модифікуються під впливом багатьох природних і соціальних чинників. Клінічна маніфестація ГЗН у людей вкрай розмаїта зі значною часткою ней­роінвазивних форм.
Україна належить до ендемічних територій щодо ГЗН від 2006 р., але в останні двадцять років епідеміологічний нагляд щодо ГЗН не здійснювали в належних стандартах.
З метою оцінки клініко-епідеміологічних характеристик ГЗН у західноукраїнському регіоні нами серологічно обстежено 816 стаціонарних інфекційних хворих на сезонні гарячкові захворювання невстановленої етіології. ГЗН верифіковано у (12,6±1,2) % обстежених пацієнтів. Хворіли люди усіх вікових груп: від 2 до 72 років (середній вік 38,6 року), найбільша частка припадала на вікові групи 41-60 і 26-40 років. Серед хворих на ГЗН переважали жителі міст та особи жіночої статі, а серед груп населення – пенсіонери, школярі й різноробочі. Сезон епідемічного ризику припадав на травень-липень, хоча спорадичні випадки реєструвалися і в інші місяці року.
Клінічна маніфестація ГЗН була розмаїта, з ураженням однієї або декількох систем на фоні гіпертермічного синдрому. У цілому переважали хворі із ГРВІ-синдромокомплексом – (28,2±4,4) %, симптомами ураження дихальної системи – (26,2±4,3 %), гепатобіліарної системи і травного каналу – (25,3±4,3 %). У групі хворих з ураженням ЦНС переважали діти. Рівень захворюваності населення у цілому становив 22,0 на 100 тис. населення.
За показниками захворюваності на ГЗН обстежений регіон належить до гіперендемічних територій.
ПОГРАНИЧНІ НЕРВОВО-ПСИХІЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ У ВІЛ-ІНФІКОВАНИХ ОСІБ
Authors: Бойко Ю. І. 
Published: September 2022

Мета роботи – встановлення клінічних особливостей пограничних нервово-психічних розладів у хворих на ВІЛ-інфекцію у I клінічній стадії недуги.
Пацієнти і методи. Здійснили порівняльне дослідження пограничних нервово-психічних розладів (ПНПР) при I клінічній стадії ВІЛ-інфекції (основна група – 86 хворих) та в осіб з несправжньопозитивним скринінговим тестом на ВІЛ (група порівняння – 43 пацієнти).
Результати досліджень. При клініко-психопатологічному обстеженні встановлено, що усі 100,0 % пацієнтів основної групи страждають клінічно вираженими ПНПР. У групі порівняння зазначена симптоматика проявлялася у (67,4±7,1) % осіб (Р<0,001) і характеризувалася відносно легшою клінікою.
Найчастіше у пацієнтів з ВІЛ-інфекцією реєструються: органічні психічні розлади (F06-F07) – (32,6±5,1) %; розлади зрілої особистості та поведінкові розлади (F60-F61) – (27,9±4,8) %; поєднані психічні порушення (F60-F61; F06-F07; F40-F48; F30-F39) – (20,9±4,4) %; невротичні розлади (F40-F48) – (12,7±3,6) %; афектні розлади (F30-F39) – (5,8±2,5) %.
Виявлена психічна патологія залежить від преморбідного фону і впливу ВІЛ-інфекції. Зокрема у преморбідних психічно гармонійних осіб після отримання інформації про інфікування ВІЛ формуються невротичні та афектні розлади.
Переважання органічних психічних розладів у пацієнтів в досліджених групах пояснюється тим, що ВІЛ-інфекція нашаровується на попередній преморбідний фон, змінений вживанням психоактивних речовин, черепномозковими травмами і хронічними соматичними захворюваннями (хронічні гепатити В і/або С, венеричні хвороби).
Частота розладів зрілої особистості обумовлюється несприятливими мікросоціальними факторами в дитячо-підлітково-юнацькому віці та патологічним розвитком особистості після інфікування ВІЛом.
Вплив ВІЛ-інфекції на психічне здоров’я пацієнтів проявляється в достовірно частішому «нашаруванні» органічних, невротичних, афектних порушень на наявні розлади особистості.