bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JIP3 links lysosome transport to regulation of multiple components of the axonal cytoskeleton
Authors: Rafiq N. M. , Lyons L. L. , Gowrishankar S. , De Camilli P. , Ferguson S. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLysosome axonal transport is important for the clearance of cargoes sequestered by the endocytic and autophagic pathways. Building on observations that mutations in the JIP3 (MAPK8IP3) gene result in lysosome-filled axonal swellings, we analyzed the impact of JIP3 depletion on the cytoskeleton of human neurons. Dynamic focal lysosome accumulations were accompanied by disruption of the axonal periodic scaffold (spectrin, F-actin and myosin II) throughout each affected axon. Additionally, axonal microtubule organization was locally disrupted at each lysosome-filled swelling. This local axonal microtubule disorganization was accompanied by accumulations of both F-actin and myosin II. These results indicate that transport of axonal lysosomes is functionally interconnected with mechanisms that control the organization and maintenance of the axonal cytoskeleton. They have potential relevance to human neurological disease arising from JIP3 mutations as well as for neurodegenerative diseases associated with the focal accumulations of lysosomes within axonal swellings such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Electron microscopy analysis of ATP-independent nucleosome unfolding by FACT
Authors: Sivkina Anastasiia L. , Karlova Maria G. , Valieva Maria E. , McCullough Laura L. , Formosa Timothy , Shaytan Alexey K. , Feofanov Alexey V. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Sokolova Olga S. , Studitsky Vasily M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFACT is a histone chaperone that participates in nucleosome removal and reassembly during transcription and replication. We used electron microscopy to study FACT, FACT:Nhp6 and FACT:Nhp6:nucleosome complexes, and found that all complexes adopt broad ranges of configurations, indicating high flexibility. We found unexpectedly that the DNA binding protein Nhp6 also binds to the C-terminal tails of FACT subunits, inducing more open geometries of FACT even in the absence of nucleosomes. Nhp6 therefore supports nucleosome unfolding by altering both the structure of FACT and the properties of nucleosomes. Complexes formed with FACT, Nhp6, and nucleosomes also produced a broad range of structures, revealing a large number of potential intermediates along a proposed unfolding pathway. The data suggest that Nhp6 has multiple roles before and during nucleosome unfolding by FACT, and that the process proceeds through a series of energetically similar intermediate structures, ultimately leading to an extensively unfolded form.
West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal
Authors: Lourenço José , Barros Sílvia C. , Zé-Zé Líbia , Damineli Daniel S. C. , Giovanetti Marta , Osório Hugo C. , Amaro Fátima , Henriques Ana M. , Ramos Fernanda , Luís Tiago , Duarte Margarida D. , Fagulha Teresa , Alves Maria J. , Obolski Uri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is unclear whether West Nile virus (WNV) circulates endemically in Portugal. Despite the country’s adequate climate for transmission, Portugal has only reported four human WNV infections so far. We performed a review of WNV-related data (1966–2020), explored mosquito (2016–2019) and land type distributions (1992–2019), and used climate data (1981–2019) to estimate WNV transmission suitability in Portugal. Serological and molecular evidence of WNV circulation from animals and vectors was largely restricted to the south. Land type and climate-driven transmission suitability distributions, but not the distribution of WNV-capable vectors, were compatible with the North-South divide present in serological and molecular evidence of WNV circulation. Our study offers a comprehensive, data-informed perspective and review on the past epidemiology, surveillance and climate-driven transmission suitability of WNV in Portugal, highlighting the south as a subregion of importance. Given the recent WNV outbreaks across Europe, our results support a timely change towards local, active surveillance.
Ordering a rhenium catalyst on Ag(001) through molecule-surface step interaction
Authors: Bunjes Ole , Paul Lucas A. , Dai Xinyue , Jiang Hongyan , Claus Tobias , Rittmeier Alexandra , Schwarzer Dirk , Ding Feng , Siewert Inke , Wenderoth Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtomic scale studies of the anchoring of catalytically active complexes to surfaces may provide valuable insights for the design of new catalytically active hybrid systems. In this work, the self-assembly of 1D, 2D and 3D structures of the complex fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), a CO2 reduction catalyst, on the Ag(001) surface are studied by a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Infrared and sum frequency generation spectroscopy confirm that the complex remains chemically intact under sublimation. Deposition of the complexes onto the silver surface at 300 K leads to strong local variations in the resulting surface coverage on the nanometer scale, indicating that in the initial phase of deposition a large fraction of the molecules is desorbing from the surface. Low coverage regions show a decoration of step edges aligned along the crystal’s symmetry axes <110>. These crystallographic directions are found to be of major importance to the binding of the complexes to the surface. Moreover, the interaction between the molecules and the substrate promotes the restructuring of surface steps along these directions. Well-aligned and decorated steps are found to act as nucleation point for monolayer growth (2D) before 3D growth starts.
Superelasticity of a photo-actuating chiral salicylideneamine crystal
Authors: Taniguchi Takuya , Ishizaki Kazuki , Takagi Daisuke , Nishimura Kazuki , Shigemune Hiroki , Kuramochi Masahiro , Sasaki Yuji C. , Koshima Hideko , Asahi Toru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuperelasticity is a type of elastic response to an applied external force, caused by a phase transformation. Actuation of materials is also an elastic response to external stimuli such as light and heat. Although both superelasticity and actuation are deformations resulting from stimulus-induced stress, there is a phenomenological difference between the two with respect to whether force is an input or an output. Here, we report that a molecular crystal manifests superelasticity during photo-actuation under light irradiation. The crystal exhibits stepwise twisted actuation due to two effects, photoisomerization and photo-triggered phase transition, and the actuation behavior is simulated based on a dynamic multi-layer model. The simulation, in turn, reveals how the photoisomerization and phase transition progress in the crystal, indicating superelasticity induced by modest stress due to the formation of photoproducts. This work provides not only a successful simulation of stepwise twisted actuation, but also to the best of our knowledge the first indication of superelasticity induced by light.
Machine learning of phase transitions in nonlinear polariton lattices
Authors: Zvyagintseva Daria , Sigurdsson Helgi , Kozin Valerii K. , Iorsh Ivan , Shelykh Ivan A. , Ulyantsev Vladimir , Kyriienko Oleksandr 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolaritonic lattices offer a unique testbed for studying nonlinear driven-dissipative physics. They show qualitative changes of their steady state as a function of system parameters, which resemble non-equilibrium phase transitions. Unlike their equilibrium counterparts, these transitions cannot be characterised by conventional statistical physics methods. Here, we study a lattice of square-arranged polariton condensates with nearest-neighbour coupling, and simulate the polarisation (pseudospin) dynamics of the polariton lattice, observing regions with distinct steady-state polarisation patterns. We classify these patterns using machine learning methods and determine the boundaries separating different regions. First, we use unsupervised data mining techniques to sketch the boundaries of phase transitions. We then apply learning by confusion, a neural network-based method for learning labels in a dataset, and extract the polaritonic phase diagram. Our work takes a step towards AI-enabled studies of polaritonic systems.
Revealing the role of the constant phase element in relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Vendrell Xavier , Ramírez-González Julia , Ye Zuo-Guang , West Anthony R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectrics exhibit both static and dynamic local structural order which controls their frequency-dependent electrical properties. A combination of advanced scattering and microscopy techniques have been used recently to determine the local structure of relaxors. To complement these, here we show an approach to electrical property measurements which identifies local dipoles whose switching is co-operative, temperature-dependent and responsible for the observed dispersion in dielectric properties. Impedance measurements and equivalent circuit analysis of a canonical relaxor, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 single crystal, over the ranges 180–1050 K and 100 Hz–1 MHz, show that incorporation of a single constant phase element into the equivalent circuit used to fit experimental data is able to account fully for the dispersions that characterise the relaxor response, over this frequency range. This allows parametrisation of the relaxor behaviour, gives increased understanding of the relaxation mechanisms responsible and forms the basis for modifying and controlling relaxor characteristics.
Non-linear coherent perfect absorption in the proximity of exceptional points
Authors: Suwunnarat Suwun , Tang Yaqian , Reisner Mattis , Mortessagne Fabrice , Kuhl Ulrich , Kottos Tsampikos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoherent perfect absorption is one of the possibilities to get high absorption but typically suffers from being a resonant phenomena, i.e., efficient absorption only in a local frequency range. Additionally, if applied in high power applications, the understanding of the interplay of non-linearities and coherent perfect absorption is crucial. Here we show experimentally and theoretically the formation of non-linear coherent perfect absorption in the proximity of exceptional point degeneracies of the zeros of the scattering function. Using a microwave platform, consisting of a lossy nonlinear resonator coupled to two interrogating antennas, we show that a coherent incident excitation can trigger a self-induced perfect absorption once its intensity exceeds a critical value. Note, that a (near) perfect absorption persists for a broad-band frequency range around the nonlinear coherent perfect absorption condition. Its origin is traced to a quartic behavior that the absorbance spectrum acquires in the proximity of the exceptional points of the nonlinear scattering operator.
Estimating time-dependent entropy production from non-equilibrium trajectories
Authors: Otsubo Shun , Manikandan Sreekanth K. , Sagawa Takahiro , Krishnamurthy Supriya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rate of entropy production provides a useful quantitative measure of a non-equilibrium system and estimating it directly from time-series data from experiments is highly desirable. Several approaches have been considered for stationary dynamics, some of which are based on a variational characterization of the entropy production rate. However, the issue of obtaining it in the case of non-stationary dynamics remains largely unexplored. Here, we solve this open problem by demonstrating that the variational approaches can be generalized to give the exact value of the entropy production rate even for non-stationary dynamics. On the basis of this result, we develop an efficient algorithm that estimates the entropy production rate continuously in time by using machine learning techniques and validate our numerical estimates using analytically tractable Langevin models in experimentally relevant parameter regimes. Our method only requires time-series data for the system of interest without any prior knowledge of the system’s parameters.
Hydrological impact of widespread afforestation in Great Britain using a large ensemble of modelled scenarios
Authors: Buechel Marcus , Slater Louise , Dadson Simon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmbitious afforestation proposals in the last decade target potential flood mitigation and carbon storage benefits but without a systematic, large-scale (>1000 km2) quantitative evaluation of their impacts on streamflow. Here, we assess the impact of afforestation on streamflow across twelve diverse catchments (c.500-10,000 km2) using a high-resolution land-surface model with a large ensemble of afforestation scenarios. Afforestation consistently decreases median and low streamflow. Median modelled flow is reduced by 2.8% ± 1.0 (1 s.d.), or 10 mm yr−1 ± 2.1 (1 s.d.), for a ten-percentage point increase in catchment broadleaf woodland. We find no nationally-consistent reduction of extreme floods. In larger catchments, planting extent is a stronger control on streamflow than location. Our results suggest that despite its potential environmental and societal benefits, widespread afforestation may inadvertently reduce water availability, particularly in drier areas, whilst only providing a modest reduction in extreme flood flows.
Using cancer risk algorithms to improve risk estimates and referral decisions
Authors: Kostopoulou Olga , Arora Kavleen , Pálfi Bence 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer risk algorithms were introduced to clinical practice in the last decade, but they remain underused. We investigated whether General Practitioners (GPs) change their referral decisions in response to an unnamed algorithm, if decisions improve, and if changing decisions depends on having information about the algorithm and on whether GPs overestimated or underestimated risk.

Methods
157 UK GPs were presented with 20 vignettes describing patients with possible colorectal cancer symptoms. GPs gave their risk estimates and inclination to refer. They then saw the risk score of an unnamed algorithm and could update their responses. Half of the sample was given information about the algorithm’s derivation, validation, and accuracy. At the end, we measured their algorithm disposition. We analysed the data using multilevel regressions with random intercepts by GP and vignette.

Results
We find that, after receiving the algorithm’s estimate, GPs’ inclination to refer changes 26% of the time and their decisions switch entirely 3% of the time. Decisions become more consistent with the NICE 3% referral threshold (OR 1.45 [1.27, 1.65], p < .001). The algorithm’s impact is greatest when GPs have underestimated risk. Information about the algorithm does not have a discernible effect on decisions but it results in a more positive GP disposition towards the algorithm. GPs’ risk estimates become better calibrated over time, i.e., move closer to the algorithm.

Conclusions
Cancer risk algorithms have the potential to improve cancer referral decisions. Their use as learning tools to improve risk estimates is promising and should be further investigated.
Uncertainty and Perceived Control as Predictors of Communicative Participation and Mental Health in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Boyle Michael P. , Chagachbanian Nicole J. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
This study examined the role of uncertainty and perceived control in predicting the communicative participation and mental health of adults who stutter.

Method:
Two hundred sixty-nine adults who stutter completed measures of uncertainty about stuttering, perceived control of stuttering, communicative participation, and global mental health. In addition, participants self-reported on a variety of demographic and speech-related measures. Correlational analyses and hierarchical regression were performed to determine associations between variables of interest.

Results:
Uncertainty accounted for significant variance in communicative participation and global mental health after statistically controlling for the effects of demographic and speech-related variables. Perceived control accounted for significant variance in communicative participation over and above what was accounted for by demographic variables, speech-related variables, and uncertainty.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that uncertainty about stuttering and perceived control of stuttering should be accounted for during assessment and intervention with adults who stutter. Interventions that specifically target uncertainty and perceived control may be useful in improving therapeutic outcomes for individuals who stutter.
Geschlechtersensible Untersuchung der persönlichen
Einstellungen und Erwartungen gegenüber einer
Anschlussrehabilitation
Authors: Özdemir Gökhan , Sturm Christian , Egen Christoph , Korallus Christoph , Schiller Jörg , Bökel Andrea , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Lemhöfer Christina 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In einem Projekt, das von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
unterstützt wurde, erfolgte die Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf
den Zugang zu einer Anschlussrehabilitation (AHB). Als entscheidender Faktor
zeigte sich, in einer vorangegangenen Untersuchung, die Diagnose., Allerdings
konnten zudem unterschiedliche Einstellungen und Erwartungen bezüglich
der therapeutischen Intervention dargestellt werden. Ziel dieser Untersuchung
ist es, diese Erwartungen auf geschlechtersensible Unterschiede hin zu
analysieren und anschließend im Kontext des Antragsprozesses zu
bewerten.
Methode Für diese explorative beobachtende Querschnittsstudie
erfolgte eine Datenerhebung (2014–2016) in drei
Akutkrankenhäusern. Eingeschlossen wurden Personen im Alter von
18–65 Jahren, die aufgrund von rehabilitationsrelevanten Diagnosen
behandelt wurden. Fragebogenbasiert wurden soziodemographische Daten, sowie
Rehabilitationsziele, und -wünsche sowie funktionsbezogene Angaben
erhoben. Dazu wurden teils standardisierte Befragungsinstrumente genutzt. Die
Auswertung erfolgte sowohl deskriptiv als auch mittels uni- und multivariater
binär logistischer Regressionsanalysen.
Ergebnisse Es bestehen geschlechtersensible Einstellungen und Erwartungen
gegenüber einer AHB. Während Frauen in allen entsprechenden
Fragen signifikant häufiger psychische Belastungen und deren
Einflüsse auf ihre Krankheit angaben, bewerteten Männer ihre
körperliche gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und die
Unabhängigkeit in Alltagsfunktionen signifikant besser (p<0,001
bzw. p=0,029). In der kombinierten Analyse zeigten Anträge von
männlichen Probanden mit höherem Alter eine signifikant
höhere Bewilligungsquote (p=0,031 bzw. p<0,001).
Unabhängig von jeglichen Unterpunkten gab es keinen geschlechtssensiblen
Unterschied in der Genehmigungsquote einer AHB.
Schlussfolgerung Weibliche und männliche Probanden zeigen
unterschiedliche Einstellungen und Erwartungen gegenüber einer AHB. Eine
rein biologische Unterscheidung in Bezug auf das Geschlecht
(„Sex“) erklärt diese Unterschiede nicht hinreichend.
Die Unterscheidung in „Gender“, welche kulturelle Konventionen,
Rollenmodelle und Verhaltensweisen beinhaltet, kann dies durch umwelt- und
familienbezogene Faktoren jedoch genauer erklären. Eine Einbeziehung
dieser Unterschiede in Therapieplanung und Durchführung
-durchführung kann zu einem besseren Therapieergebnis beitragen und
sollte Gegenstand weiterer Untersuchungen sein. Zur ganzheitlichen Betrachtung
der Betroffenen ist eine Weiterentwicklung der Antragsunterlagen notwendig.
Synthesis of [1,4]Oxathiepino[5,6-b]quinolines via Base-Mediated Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Tonekaboni Maryam-Sadat , Tanbakouchian Zahra , Majedi Soma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA base-mediated intramolecular hydroalkoxylation that was used to prepare a series of seven-membered S,O-heterocycles is described. 2-Thiopropargyl-3-hydroxymethyl quinolines were prepared starting from 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehydes, via S-propargylation and reduction of a formyl group. Interestingly, 2-mercaptopropargyl-3-hydroxymethyl quinolines were converted into the corresponding oxathiepinoquinolines in the presence of t-BuOK. It is proposed that the S-propargyl moiety, in the presence of base, is converted into its allenyl isomer; subsequent addition of a hydroxyl group to the terminal double bond yields the 3-methyl-5H-[1,4]oxathiepino[5,6-b]quinoline in good to high yield. Notably, the procedure is adaptable to the conversion of N-propargyl indole-2-methanol into the corresponding intramolecular hydroalkoxylation product.
Indian College of Radiology and Imaging Evidence-Based Guidelines for Interventions in Portal Hypertension and Its Complications
Authors: Mukund Amar , Rana Shaleen , Mohan Chander , Kalra Naveen , Baijal Sanjay Saran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPortal hypertension is a complication of chronic liver disease. Various radiological interventions are being done to aid in the diagnosis of portal hypertension; further, an interventional radiologist can offer various treatments for the complications of portal hypertension. Diagnosis of portal hypertension in its early stage may require hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement. Measurement of gradient also guides in diagnosing the type of portal hypertension, measuring response to treatment and prognostication. This article attempts to provide evidence-based guidelines on the management of portal hypertension and treatment of its complications.
Factors Contributing to Attenuation of Cerebral Venous Sinus in Brain Noncontrast Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Fallah Arzpeyma Sima , Kazemnezhad-Leili Ehsan , Rashidi Hosna , Ghorbani-Shirkouhi Samaneh , Saberi Alia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background/Aim In noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT), an apparently hyper-attenuated cerebral venous sinus (CVS) may lead to suspicion of CVS thrombosis. Understanding the factors affecting attenuation of CVS can guide us toward true diagnosis. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of different factors such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, age, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, leukocyte and platelet count, and sex on the attenuation of CVS on brain NCCT.
Material and Methods Total 1,680 patients were included in this study, and their demographic and laboratory data and brain NCCT were reviewed. In their brain NCCT, the average attenuation of superior sagittal sinus and both right and left sigmoid sinuses was measured. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 software by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression tests. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Results Hematocrit (B = 0.251, p < 0.001), hemoglobin (B = 0.533, p < 0.001), and creatinine (B =  − 0.270, p = 0.048) were determined as predictors of attenuation of superior sagittal sinus. For both sigmoid sinuses, hematocrit (p < 0.001) and hemoglobin (p < 0.001) were determined as positive predictors, and creatinine (p < 0.001) and BUN (p < 0.002) were determined as negative and positive predictors, respectively.
Conclusion Hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatinine, and BUN are the main factors that should be considered in the assessment of CVS density on brain NCCT. As with increasing hematocrit and hemoglobin of the subject, the CVS density in NCCT increases, and with increasing creatinine and in some instance decreasing BUN of the subject, the CVS density in NCCT decreases.