bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel fluorescent probe with a pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline core selectively recognizes c-MYC promoter G-quadruplexes
Authors: Mohamed Hany I. , Gao Chao , Gui Zhikun , Song Zibing , Wei Dengguo 
Published: April 2022

An aptamer combined with a c-MYC-selective fluorophore could work as the fluorescent core of nucleic acid mimics of fluorescent proteins to locate and image functional biomolecules in cells.
Are PARPs promiscuous?
Authors: Feijs Karla L.H. , Žaja Roko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Post-translational modifications exist in different varieties to regulate diverse characteristics of their substrates, ultimately leading to maintenance of cell health. The enzymes of the intracellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family can transfer either a single ADP-ribose to targets, in a reaction called mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation or MARylation, or multiple to form chains of poly(ADP-ribose) or PAR. Traditionally thought to be attached to arginine or glutamate, recent data have added serine, tyrosine, histidine and others to the list of potential ADP-ribose acceptor amino acids. PARylation by PARP1 has been relatively well studied, whereas less is known about the other family members such as PARP7 and PARP10. ADP-ribosylation on arginine and serine is reversed by ARH1 and ARH3 respectively, whereas macrodomain-containing MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 reverse modification of acidic residues. For the other amino acids, no hydrolases have been identified to date. For many PARPs, it is not clear yet what their endogenous targets are. Better understanding of their biochemical reactions is required to be able to determine their biological functions in future studies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PARP specificity in vitro and in cells, as well as provide an outlook for future research.
SpikeGoogle: Spiking Neural Networks with GoogLeNet‐like inception module
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhong Minghong , Cheng Hoiyuen , Xie Junjie , Zhou Yingchu , Ren Jun , Liu Mengyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpiking Neural Network is known as the third‐generation artificial neural network whose development has great potential. With the help of Spike Layer Error Reassignment in Time for error back‐propagation, this work presents a new network called SpikeGoogle, which is implemented with GoogLeNet‐like inception module. In this inception module, different convolution kernels and max‐pooling layer are included to capture deep features across diverse scales. Experiment results on small NMNIST dataset verify the results of the authors’ proposed SpikeGoogle, which outperforms the previous Spiking Convolutional Neural Network method by a large margin.
Transient electric field of the combined insulation structure under positive periodic square waveform voltage: Analytical analysis and application
Authors: Wen Teng , Cui Xiang , Li Xuebao , Liu Sijia , Zhao Zhibin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe working voltage of the high‐voltage high‐power electronic devices is the positive periodic square waveform (PPSW) voltage, which is much different from the conventional AC or DC voltage. For the composite insulation structure of devices, it is important to analyse the transient electric field under the PPSW voltage. However, the existing investigations are often conducted under the electrostatic field due to the high frequency of the PPSW voltage. Thus, the transient characteristics of the electric field are missed. To obtain some qualitative conclusions, this paper focusses on the theoretical analysis of the transient characteristics of electric field for the composite insulation structure under the PPSW voltage. First, the formula of the electric field intensity and the interfacial charge density are derived analytically. Second, the influence of the cycle and the duty cycle on the transient characteristics are investigated. Third, the maximum of the electric field intensity and the interfacial charge density in the positive square waveform steady‐state are discussed in detail. Besides, the engineering calculation methods for obtaining these maximum values are also suggested. Lastly, an actual model is employed to testify the validity of the analytical analysis. This work is significant for the numerical calculation of the transient electric field of composite insulation structure under the PPSW voltage in engineering.
Smile face array: Generating oblique incident and front output vortex beam for both TE and TM waves
Authors: Zhu Chenghui , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Chen , Yang Xiaofan , Gan Lu , Sun Lijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA single layer reflective array is designed to generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam at microwave frequency. The unit cell of this design is smile face shape distributed over a planar surface. Phase modulation can be realised by changing the size of each unit cell, with very low variation in reflection amplitude. By careful design, oblique incident can be obtained, reducing feed blockage to the output beam. The direction of the output beam can also be intendedly designed. In this work, the front output is chosen as a demonstrative example. In addition, the input beam can be either TE or TM wave, enable dual‐mode operation. Furthermore, it is flexible to design the topological mode of the output OAM. The smile array is developed by cutting slots on circular patch array to produce perturbation on TE and TM waves, so that the difference in TE and TM incidence is reduced. As an instance, the topological modes of l = (−2, −1, 1, 2) are simulated, and the mode l = 1 is fabricated and measured. Measurements are conducted for both near field and far field. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones, indicating that this dual mode design works satisfactorily when oblique feed is used.
The VVV survey: Long-period variable stars
Authors: Nikzat F. , Ferreira Lopes C. E. , Catelan M. , Contreras Ramos R. , Zoccali M. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Braga V. F. , Minniti D. , Borissova J. , Becker I. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Long-period variable stars (LPVs) are pulsating red giants, primarily in the asymptotic giant branch phase, and they include both Miras and semi-regular variables (SRVs). Their period-age and period-luminosity relations enable us to trace different stellar populations, as they are intrinsically very bright and cover a wide range in distances and ages.
Aims. The purpose of this study is to establish a census of LPV stars in a region close to the Galactic center, using the six-year database of the Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO Public Survey, as well as to describe the methodology that was employed to search for and characterize LPVs using VVV data. Near-IR surveys such as VVV provide a unique opportunity to probe the high-extinction innermost regions of the Milky Way. The detection and analysis of the intrinsically bright Miras in this region could provide us with an excellent probe of the properties of the Milky Way far behind its bulge.
Methods. We used point-spread function photometry for all available Ks-band images in ten VVV tiles, covering 16.4 deg2 in total, overlapping fields observed in the course of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-III survey. We designed a method to select LPV candidates, and we used the known variables from OGLE-III and other known variables from the literature to test our approach. The reduced χ2 statistic, along with the flux-independent index K(fi), were used in our analysis. The Lomb-Scargle period search method, Fourier analysis, template fitting, and visual inspection were then performed to refine our sample and characterize the properties of the stars included in our catalog.
Results. A final sample of 130 Mira candidates, of which 129 are new discoveries, was thus obtained, with periods in the range between about 80 and 1400 days. Moreover, a sample of 1013 LPV candidates is also presented, whose periods are however not sufficiently constrained by the available data. A fraction of the latter may eventually turn out to be SRVs. Ages are measured for these stars based on a reassessment of the period-age relations available in the literature. The Miras in our catalog include 18 stars satisfying the requirements to serve as reliable distance indicators and which are not saturated in the VVV Ks-band images. Their distances are accordingly derived and discussed. A number of objects that are seemingly placed far behind the Milky Way’s bulge was detected.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Delivery of Gynecology and Obstetrics Services at a Maximum Care University Hospital in Germany
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Wagner Uwe , Lingenfelder Michael , Heinis Sylvia , Schieffer Bernhard , Markus Birgit 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die COVID-19-Pandemie bedeutet einschneidende Maßnahmen für das nationale Gesundheitssystem. Dies bot den Anlass, die klinischen und ökonomischen Leistungsindikatoren der
gynäkologischen und geburtshilflichen Versorgung des Universitätsklinikums Marburg als regionaler universitärer Maximalversorger zu analysieren. Hierzu wurden die Auswirkungen auf die
monatlichen stationären und ambulanten Fallzahlvolumina sowie die entsprechenden ICD- und DRG-Kodierungen ausgewertet, um etwaige Versorgungsdefizite aufzudecken.
Material und Methoden Die Studie basiert auf einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse therapierter stationären und ambulanten Fälle der Jahre 2016 bis 2020. Hierzu wurden über das
klinikinterne Leistungscontrolling-Programm QlikView die Daten von 9487 Fällen der Klinik für Gynäkologie und 19597 Fällen der Klinik für Geburtshilfe ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Es bildet sich eine der nationalen Pandemiedynamik folgende Abnahme der gynäkologischen stationären Fallzahlen um –6% ab, während das geburtshilfliche Fallzahlvolumen um
+11% im Jahr 2020 steigt. Insgesamt fallen die Effekte für die ambulante Versorgung geringer aus. Zudem lässt sich eine standortbezogene Abnahme der C50 „Bösartige Neubildungen der
Brustdrüse“ und C56 „Bösartige Ovarialtumoren“ Diagnosen um –7,4% bzw. –14% feststellen. Eine Rückkehr zu dem Leistungsniveau des Vorjahres konnte im ambulanten in 3 und im stationären
Sektor in 5 Monaten erreicht werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die negativen Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie treffen vorwiegend die Klinik für Gynäkologie. Durch das Vertrauen in die Sicherheit der universitären Versorgung
und das Serviceangebot, werdende Väter nach Schnelltestung am Geburtsprozess teilhaben zu lassen, konnte eine Fallzunahme in der Geburtshilfe erreicht werden. Die Rückkehr zu präpandemischen
Leistungsniveaus gestaltet sich weiterhin schleppend, während sich der ohnehin weniger betroffene ambulante Sektor zügiger erholt. Der standortbezogene Rückgang der Diagnosen C50 und C56 ist
besorgniserregend und bedarf epidemiologischer Aufarbeitung. Die fallzahlbezogenen Auswirkungen der Pandemie bilden sich gleichsam in den ökonomischen Leistungskennzahlen ab.
Frequency-Following Response: Effects of Interaural Time and Intensity Differences
Authors: Ballachanda Bopanna B. , Moushegian George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research investigated whether brainstem neural mechanisms that mediate lateralization of sounds can be extracted from the frequency-following response (FFR). Monaural and binaural FFRs were obtained from normal-hearing subjects to low-frequency (500 Hz) linearly gated tone bursts (4-4-4 msec) at 40, 50, and 60 dB SL and four interaural time differences (ITDs) (0, 333, 500, and 667 μsec). FFRs were also recorded to ITDs and intensity presented in concert and in opposition (lateralization stimuli). The results show that overall intensity and interaural time differentially affect the FFR. The FFRs evoked by ITDs and intensity (in concert and in opposition) are strikingly different. The normalized amplitudes of the binaural interaction component (BIC) are minimally altered by ITDs and intensity. The study presents strong evidence that ITDs of 0, 333, 500, and 667 μsec and lateralization stimuli, easily discriminated perceptually, evoke clearly distinguishable FFR waveforms. These ITDs provide the cues that mammals use to localize sound in a freefield. The BIC is essentially unaffected by overall intensity, ITDs, and lateralization stimuli. Based on the findings of this study, the FFR has the potential to become a tool for identification of normal and abnormal binaural processing at lower brainstem levels.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, BIC = binaural interaction component, EEC = electroencephalographic, FFR = frequency-following response, IID = interaural intensity difference, ILD = interaural level difference, ITD = interaural time difference
Early-life exposure to hardship increased risk tolerance and entrepreneurship in adulthood with gender differences
Authors: Yi Junjian , Chu Junhong , Png I. P. L. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
We investigate the effect of hardship on entrepreneurship using China’s Great Famine as a quasinatural experiment. This yielded robust evidence that individuals who experienced more hardship were subsequently more likely to become entrepreneurs. Importantly, the increase in entrepreneurship was at least partly due to conditioning rather than selection. Regarding the behavioral mechanism, hardship was associated with greater risk tolerance among men and women but conditioned business ownership only among men. The gender differences were possibly due to a Chinese social norm that men focus on market work and women focus on domestic work combined with interspousal risk pooling in occupational choice.
Orientation anisotropies in macaque visual areas
Authors: Fang Chen , Cai Xingya , Lu Haidong D. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Orientation selectivity is one of the most important functional features of visual neurons. In the primate visual cortex, whether all orientations are represented equally is still unclear. Previous electrophysiological recordings led to controversial findings. By analyzing a large set of optical imaging data, we found anisotropic representations of orientation in macaque visual areas and that different areas had different types of anisotropies. These findings not only shed light on the long-standing question regarding a basic property of the primate visual cortex, but also on the strategy the visual system takes to represent and analyze the visual world.
Repair of surviving hair cells in the damaged mouse utricle
Authors: Kim Grace S. , Wang Tian , Sayyid Zahra N. , Fuhriman Jessica , Jones Sherri M. , Cheng Alan G. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The mammalian utricle shows limited hair cell regeneration despite partial recovery of function. Recovery of vestibular evoked potentials, a measure of utricular function, occurs after utricular hair cell damage in mammals. While previous work has shown limited regeneration in response to damage, most regenerating hair cells are type II with immature-appearing bundles. Whether hair cells that remain (“surviving hair cells”) can self-repair and contribute to functional recovery is unknown. Using lineage tracing, we have characterized surviving hair cells over time and found that they repair bundles, regain innervation, and remain differentiated, and are therefore poised to contribute to the recovery of organ function.
Developing language attitudes in a second language
Authors: Schmidt Lauren B. , Geeslin Kimberly L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study explores the second language(L2) acquisition of subconsciously held language attitudes. Specifically, we determine whether L2 learners perceive differences between Spanish speakers of four geographic varieties and evaluate them differently, and if these perceptions change with proficiency. Following sociolinguistic methodological practices, we administered a verbal guise task to American English-speaking learners of Spanish from four university enrollment levels. We found that the learners differentially evaluated speakers of these regional varieties across dimensions of solidarity (kindness) and standardness (prestige). We observed development across levels in the evaluation of regional varieties for prestige, while differentiations in kindness ratings remained consistent across levels. We also show that, for our highest-level group, study abroad experience may contribute to patterns of subconscious evaluation. Although one would not expect L2 classroom learners to possess native-like subconscious attitudes, the present study is an essential step in understanding how such attitudes develop in L2 acquisition.
Non-isothermal squeeze film damping in the test of gravitational inverse-square law
Authors: Ke Jun , Luo Jie , Tan Yu-Jie , Liu Zhe , Shao Cheng-Gang , Yang Shan-Qing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the experiments of testing the Newtonian inverse-square law (ISL) at short range, we have analyzed the residual gas damping effect under the assumption of the temperature of the gas is isothermal (Ke J et al 2020 Class. Quantum. Grav.
37 205008). However, when the test mass squeezes the gas, the temperature of the gas will change accordingly and may cause additional noise. It is essential to study this phenomenon in pursuit of higher precision test of ISL. Here, we discuss the non-isothermal squeeze film damping by using the differential equations of energy conservation and change in molecular density. The results show that this kind of Brownian motion torque noise is larger than that estimated previously and is influenced by the degrees of freedom of molecules. Namely, a larger accessible distance between test bodies is needed in comparison to the internal damping of the pendulum.
Frequency-controlled dielectrophoresis-driven wetting of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Brown Carl V , Bhadwal Akhshay S , Edwards Andrew M J , Sage Ian C , Saxena Antariksh , Mottram Nigel J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We show that surface-localized dielectrophoresis-driven wetting of anisotropic nematic liquid crystal sessile droplets obeys the same relationship,

cos

[

θ

(

V
o

)

]

=
cos

[

θ
Y

]

−
β

V
o
2

, which has previously been found for isotropic liquid droplets, even though the nematic liquid crystal phase possesses a uniaxial dielectric permittivity tensor. We also demonstrate that the dielectrowetting coefficient

β

, which determines the magnitude of the reduction in the contact angle, from

θ
Y

to

θ

V
o

, through the action of a potential difference

V
o

, can be controlled by the frequency of the applied voltage between interdigitated electrodes beneath a droplet of highly dispersive nematic liquid crystal. Our Q-tensor modelling of the electric field-induced 2-dimensional n-director distortions within a nematic droplet elucidates how this linear relationship holds for voltages when

θ

V
o

−

θ
Y

exceeds 3°–4°.
Studying magnetic-polaron cooper-pair-breaking effects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
by femtosecond photoexcitation
Authors: Li Yong , Wen Zhiwei , Guo Jia , Wu Yuxian , Chen Yongliang , Liang Weizheng , Zhao Y 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The relation between magnetism and superconductivity, whether magnetism is beneficial to superconductivity or they permit co-existence and competition, has been a long debate in the high-temperature superconducting field. Here, to explore this odd issue, we study the relaxation dynamics of photoinduced magnetic-polaron and superconductivity quasiparticles by an ultrafast time-resolved optical reflectivity technology in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
. When the pump fluence

F

is less than 7 mW, time-resolved reflection spectrum ΔR(t)/R
0 is dominated by the superconducting component. It is noteworthy that a large of photoinduced magnetic-polaron component can cause the inhibition of the superconducting component when the variable pump fluence

F

is more than the value 7 mW. It can be attributed to the strong photoinduced magnetic-polaron Cooper-pair-breaking mechanism. Further studies have shown that the photoinduced magnetic-polaron Cooper-pair-breaking mechanism is similar to the pair-breaking effect caused by the magnetic impurity Fe in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
superconductor, although the forms of their action are different.
Wigner molecules and hybrid qubits
Authors: Yannouleas Constantine , Landman Uzi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is demonstrated that exact diagonalization of the microscopic many-body Hamiltonian via systematic full configuration-interaction (FCI) calculations is able to predict the spectra as a function of detuning of three-electron hybrid qubits based on GaAs asymmetric double quantum dots (QDs). It is further shown that, as a result of strong inter-electron correlations, these spectroscopic patterns, including avoided crossings between states associated with different electron occupancies of the left and right wells, are inextricably related to the formation of Wigner molecules (WMs). These physical entities cannot be captured by the previously employed independent-particle or Hubbard-type theoretical modeling of the hybrid qubit. We report remarkable agreement with recent experimental results. Moreover, the present FCI methodology for multi-well QDs can be straightforwardly extended to treat Si/SiGe hybrid qubits, where the central role of WMs was recently experimentally confirmed as well.
Infinitesimal Darboux transformation and semi-discrete MKDV equation
Authors: Cho Joseph , Rossman Wayne , Seno Tomoya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe connect certain continuous motions of discrete planar curves resulting in semi-discrete potential Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation with Darboux transformations of smooth planar curves. In doing so, we define infinitesimal Darboux transformations that include the aforementioned motions, and also give an alternate geometric interpretation for establishing the semi-discrete potential mKdV equation.