bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised pedestrian re-identification via a teacher–student model with similarity-preserving generative adversarial networks
Authors: Zhao Botong , Wang Yanjie , Su Keke , Ren Hong , Han Xiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a pedestrian re-identification algorithm, which was developed by integrating semi-supervised learning and similarity-preserving generative adversarial networks (SPGAN). The pedestrian re-identification task aimed to rapidly capture the same target using different cameras. Importantly, this process can be applied in the field of security. Because real-life environments are complex, the number of detected identities is uncertain, and the cost of manual labeling is high; therefore, it is difficult to apply the re-identification model based on supervised learning in real-life scenarios. To use the existing labeled dataset and a large amount of unlabeled data in the application environment, this report proposes a semi-supervised pedestrian re-identification model, which combines a teacher–student model with SPGAN. SPGAN was used to reduce the difference between the target domain and the source domain by transferring the style of the labeled dataset from the source domain. Additionally, the dataset from the source domain was used after the style transfer to pre-train the model; this enabled the model to adapt more rapidly to the target domain. The teacher–student model and the transformer model were then employed to generate soft pseudo-labels and hard pseudo-labels (via iterative training) and to update the parameters through distillation learning. Thus, it retained the learned features while adapting to the target domain. Experimental results indicated that the maps of the applied method on the Market-to-Duke, Duke-to-Market, Market-to-MSMT, and Duke-to-MSMT domains were 70.2, 79.3, 30.2, and 33.4, respectively.
Horwich’s Epistemological Fundamentality and Folk Commitment
Authors: Ulatowski Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are many variants of deflationism about truth, but one of them, Paul Horwich’s minimalism, stands out because it accepts as axiomatic practical variants of the equivalence schema: 〈p〉 is true if and only if p. The equivalence schema is epistemologically fundamental. In this paper, I call upon empirical studies to show that practical variants of the equivalence schema are widely accepted by non-philosophers. While in the empirical data there is variation in how non-philosophers and philosophers talk about truth and how they judge that a proposition is true, a significant amount of data collected over the years reveal that the ordinary or folk view of truth is compatible with the epistemological fundamentality of alethic minimalism. This, I take it, suggests that people share in the same intuitions that form the bedrock of Horwich’s minimalism.
Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) by fungi originating from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Anh , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Dang Ha Thi Cam , Koekkoek Jacco , Brouwer Abraham , de Boer Tjalf E. , van Spanning Rob J. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree different fungi were tested for their ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and for the role of laccases and cytochromes P450-type in this process. We studied a white-rot fungus Rigidoporus sp. FMD21, which has a high laccase activity, for its efficiency to degrade these herbicides. A positive correlation was found between its laccase activity and the corresponding herbicide degradation rate. Even more, the doubling of the enzyme activity in this phase corresponded with a doubling of the herbicide degradation rate. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that laccase is the most dominant enzyme in the degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T under these conditions. In addition, it was shown that Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 partly relies on cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides as well. Two filamentous fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with herbicides and dioxins located at Bien Hoa airbase. They belong to genera Fusarium and Verticillium of the phylum Ascomycota as judged by their 18S rRNA gene sequences. Both isolated fungi were able to degrade the herbicides but with different rates. Their laccase activity, however, was very low and did not correlate with the rate of breakdown of the herbicides. These data indicate that the white-rot fungus most likely synthesizes laccase and cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides, while the types of enzyme used for the breakdown of the herbicides by the two Ascomycota remain unclear.
Graphical abstract
The Feasibility of Providing Remote Functional Family Therapy with Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Lange Aurelie M. C. , Humayun Sajid , Jefford Tom 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, mental health care has largely transferred its services to online platforms, using videoconferencing (VC) or teletherapy. Within the field of family therapy, however, there is little evidence on the feasibility of using VC, especially when working with whole families at the edge of care.

Objective
This study investigated the feasibility of remote Functional Family Therapy (FFT), using a mixed-method approach.

Method
Study 1 consisted of semi-structured interviews with 23 FFT professionals (18 female) about their experience of providing remote FFT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 2 included monitoring data of 209 FFT clients (46% female, Mage = 14.00) who participated in FFT during the pandemic. We compared families who received mainly in-person, mainly remote or a mix of remote and in-person on client-reported alliance, drop-out, therapist-rated outcomes, and treatment intensity using MANCOVA’s and chi-square tests.

Results
In Study 1 two themes emerged around experienced challenges, namely ‘Feeling in control’ and ‘Engagement and alliance’. Two other themes emerged around adaptations, namely ‘Being more on top’ and ‘Connecting in different ways’. In Study 2, we found that the therapeutic alliance was not related to using VC. Also, families had less between-session contact during the Engagement and Motivation Phase when receiving mainly VC, but had more sessions and longer therapy when receiving a mix of in-person and remote therapy.

Conclusions
The current study suggests that providing systemic family teletherapy to families on the edge of care is feasible. Further development of systemic family teletherapy is warranted.
Hyposalinity induces significant polar lipid remodeling in the marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Vrana Ivna , Bakija Alempijević Saranda , Novosel Nives , Ivošević DeNardis Nadica , Žigon Dušan , Ogrinc Nives , Gašparović Blaženka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarine microalgae often live in a fluctuating environment including a decrease in salinity caused by global warming induced sea ice melting and freshwater inflows. Under conditions of fluctuating salinity, microalgae have evolved a variety of survival mechanisms such as lipid accumulation and remodeling. The purpose of this study was to investigated the membrane lipid remodeling of the marine green microalgaDunaliella tertiolectaas a short-term acclimation mechanism in response to hyposalinity (20 and 3 PSU) with respect to growth at optimal salinity (38 PSU). We identified 34 lipid species belonging to seven polar lipid classes.Dunaliella tertiolectaaccumulates cell lipids and remodels polar lipid classes and their fatty acids composition as response to hypoosmotic stress at 3 PSU. We found that the unsaturation of most polar lipids decreases overall, indicating decreased membrane fluidity and altered permeability, whereas shortening the length of fatty acids of polar lipids is not one of the strategies ofD. tertiolectato cope with the decrease in salinity. Increase in relative content (%) and unsaturation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and decrease in relative content (%) and unsaturation of phosphatidylglycerols (PG), suggesting changes in photosynthetic membranes of thylakoids at 20 and 3 PSU. At a very low salinity of 3 PSU, the relative content (%) of phosphatidylinositols (PI) increases, suggesting increased lipid trafficking and signaling in the cells. These changes are statistically significant and we hypothesize thatD. tertiolectais genetically adapted to withstand large salinity fluctuations through polar lipid composition.
A Composite Indicator to Assess Sustainability of Agriculture in European Union Countries
Authors: Magrini Alessandro , Giambona Francesca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew studies have been conducted to assess agricultural sustainability in the European Union (EU), and all of them fail to provide a holistic view of sustainability in a relevant temporal horizon that could effectively support the design of policies. In this paper, a composite indicator is constructed based on the geometric aggregation of 12 basic indicators measured yearly in the period 2004–2020 (17 years) on all EU countries plus United Kingdom, with weights determined endogenously according to the Benefit of Doubt (BoD) approach. Our composite indicator has a two-level hierarchical structure accounting for the contributions of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In our results, Bulgaria, Croatia, Lithuania and Poland are the countries with the strongest growth rate of sustainability, while countries reaching the 90th percentile of the score in sustainability include Austria, Czechia, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Sweden. In overall, the social and the environmental dimensions have similar levels, while the level of the economic dimension is definitely higher. Interestingly, several countries with a high level of sustainability are characterized by a decline of the economic dimension, including Austria, Finland, Italy, Latvia and Slovakia. The reliability of our composite indicator is supported by the substantial agreement of sustainability scores with subsidies attributed by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Therefore, our proposal represents a valuable resource not only to monitor the progress of EU member countries towards sustainability objectives, but also to refine the scheme for the attribution of CAP subsidies in order to stimulate specific sustainable dimensions.
Meta-analysis: associated factors for the adoption and disclosure of CSR practices in the banking sector
Authors: Rojas Molina Leidy Katerine , Pérez López José Ángel , Campos Lucena María Soledad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis document seeks to identify the associated factors that lead banking institutions to adopt and disclose CSR practices, considering that previous studies show contradictory results. Therefore, is important to integrate the findings from previous research, given the importance of CSR practices for the financial performance and the level of risk of organizations. The study employed the random effect meta-analysis technique, the data analysis was carried out with papers published between 2005 and 2021 and integrates the results of research that has analyzed a total of 6208 observations in 40 countries. The results of the research show a significant positive association between, legitimacy of existence and reputation as associated factors for developing CSR practices, whereas the regulation, the inclusion of foreign board members, and stakeholder relationships have an insignificant positive association as an associated factor with the development of CSR practices. Corporate governance factors have a significant positive relationship with the presence of women on the board and the size of the board. In addition, the board’s independence and the duality of the CEO have an insignificant negative association. This paper provides evidence of the need for research in CSR practices in the banking sector, especially in Latin America where the literature is almost non-existent. In addition, it also shows the need for research on corporate governance factors, especially on how the presence of women on the board influences the development of CSR practices, considering the scarce existing literature that analyses these factors.
Comparison of [18F]fluciclovine and [18F]FDG PET/CT in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Stokke Caroline , Nørgaard Jakob Nordberg , Feiring Phillips Hilde , Sherwani Alexander , Nuruddin Syed , Connelly James , Schjesvold Fredrik , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
[18F]FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma (MM) is currently the best technology to demonstrate patchy and extramedullary disease. However, [18F]FDG PET has some limitations, and imaging with alternative tracers should be explored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of [18F]fluciclovine PET compared to [18F]FDG PET in newly diagnosed MM patients.

Procedures
Thirteen newly diagnosed transplant eligible MM patients were imaged both with [18F]FDG PET/CT and [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT within 1 week in a prospective study. The subjects were visually assessed positive or negative for disease. The number of lesions and the SUVmax of selected lesions were measured for both tracers. Furthermore, tracer uptake ratios were obtained by dividing lesion SUVmax by blood or bone marrow SUVmax. Between-group differences and correlations were assessed with paired t-tests and Pearson tests. Bone marrow SUVs were compared to bone marrow plasma cell percentage in biopsy samples.

Results
Nine subjects were assessed positively by [18F]FDG PET (69%) and 12 positives by [18F]fluciclovine PET (92%). All positive subjects had [18F]fluciclovine scans that were qualitatively scored as easier to interpret visually than the [18F]FDG scans. The number of lesions was also higher; seven of nine subjects with distinct hot spots on [18F]fluciclovine PET had fewer or no visible lesions on [18F]FDG PET. The mean lesion SUVmax values were 8.2 and 3.8 for [18F]fluciclovine and [18F]FDG, respectively. The mean tumour to blood values were 6.4 and 2.0 for [18F]fluciclovine and [18F]FDG, and the mean ratios between tumour and bone marrow were 2.1 and 1.5 for [18F]fluciclovine and [18F]FDG. The lesion SUVmax and ratios were significantly higher for [18F]fluciclovine (all p < 0.01).
Local [18F]fluciclovine SUVmax or SUVmean values in os ilium and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies were linearly correlated (p = 0.048). There were no significant correlations between [18F]FDG SUVs and plasma cells (p = 0.82).

Conclusions
Based on this pilot study, [18F]fluciclovine is a promising tracer for MM. The visual and semi-quantitative evaluations indicate that [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT can out-perform [18F]FDG PET/CT at diagnosis.
Digitalisierung der politischen Kommunikation
Authors: Donges Patrick 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fragt nach strukturellen Veränderungen der politischen Kommunikation, die sich als Folge der Digitalisierung ergeben. Dabei wird eine regelorientierte und institutionalistische Perspektive eingenommen: Digitale Kommunikationsmedien wie Social-Media-Plattformen weisen eigene institutionelle Logiken auf und beeinflussen so die Regeln, nach denen politische Kommunikation stattfindet. Zur Begründung dieser These wird der Begriff Digitalisierung zunächst in technische Möglichkeit und soziale Realisierung unterschieden. Politische Kommunikation wird als Vermittlungsprozess betrachtet. Neben die Selbstvermittlung durch politische Akteure und die Fremdvermittlung durch journalistisch-redaktionelle Medien tritt mit digitalen Kommunikationsmedien ein neuer Typ in den Vordergrund, die automatisiert algorithmische Vermittlung. Aus diesen Unterscheidungen ergeben sich mehrere Paradoxien, die für eine Betrachtung der institutionellen Folgen relevant sind: Digitalisierung senkt die Kosten der Kommunikation und ermöglicht ein Mehr an publizierten Mitteilungen, erschwert jedoch zugleich die Chance gesellschaftlicher Wahrnehmung und gelingender Kommunikation. Durch die automatisiert algorithmische Vermittlung können Akteure ihre Botschaften in höherer Auflösung an spezifische Zielgruppen richten und sich mit ihnen verbinden, die digitalen Formen der Konnektivität erschweren jedoch die für demokratische Prozesse notwendige Repräsentanz und Zurechenbarkeit von Mitteilungen an politische Akteure. Technisch ermöglichte und sozial eingeforderte Transparenz geht mit der Bemühung von politischen Organisationen einher, das eigene Handeln zu verdecken oder zu verschleiern. Digitalisierung und die automatisiert algorithmische Vermittlung führen damit sowohl zu neuen Sichtbarkeiten als auch zu neuen Unsichtbarkeiten des Politischen.
Desktop Virtual Reality Versus Face-to-Face Simulation for Team-Training on Stress Levels and Performance in Clinical Deterioration: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Liaw Sok Ying , Sutini  , Chua Wei Ling , Tan Jian Zhi , Levett-Jones Tracy , Ashokka Balakrishnan , Te Pan Terry Ling , Lau Siew Tiang , Ignacio Jeanette 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Simulation-based education can equip healthcare providers with the ability to respond to and manage stressors associated with rapidly deteriorating patient situations. However, little is known about the benefits of using virtual reality (VR) for this purpose.

Objective
To compare between desktop VR and face-to-face simulation in stress responses and performance outcomes of a team-based simulation training in managing clinical deterioration.

Design
A randomised controlled study

Method
The study was conducted on 120 medical and nursing students working in interprofessional teams. The teams were randomly assigned to participate in a 2-h simulation using either the desktop VR or face-to-face simulation with simulated patient (SP). Biophysiological stress response, psychological stress, and confidence levels were measured before and after the simulation. Performance outcomes were evaluated after the simulation using a deteriorating patient scenario.

Results
The systolic blood pressure and psychological stress response were significantly increased among participants in VR and SP groups; however, no significant differences were found between the groups. There was also no significant difference in confidence and performance outcomes between participants in the VR and SP groups for both medical and nursing students. Although the psychological stress response was negatively correlated (r = −0.43; p < 0.01) with confidence levels, there was no association between stress response and performance score.

Conclusion
Despite being less immersive, the desktop VR was capable of inducing psychological and physiological stress responses by placing emotional, social, and cognitive demands on learners. Additionally, by ensuring close alignment between the simulation tasks and the clinical tasks (i.e. functional fidelity), the desktop VR may provide similar performance outcomes as conventional simulation training. This evidence is timely given the rise in the use of virtual learning platforms to facilitate training during the COVID-19 pandemic where face-to-face training may not be feasible.

Trial Registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04330924.
The Significance of Leadership in the Evolution of Policy Styles: Reconciling Policy-Making in the Short and Long Term
Authors: Tosun Jale , Galanti Maria Tullia , Howlett Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCan relatively short-term political leadership affect long-term national policy styles, and if so, how? We examine these questions in order to explain the temporal dynamics in national policy styles observed in several recent studies whose findings have challenged the traditional view that policy styles lend continuity and stability to policy-making. In its original formulation, the concept of policy styles refers to the extent to which governments are committed to anticipatory or reactive policy-making, as well as to whether they seek to reach consensus with societal groups over policies or simply impose decisions on them. Following these definitions, we contend that political leaders can alter a long-held policy style and often do so due to strategic considerations, either in an attempt to improve their policy performance or in response to an exogenous shock, such as an economic crisis. We illustrate this argument by using longitudinal records of changes in country-level governance indicators which include data on dimensions of policy styles. Specifically we examine how two of the Sustainable Governance Indicators compiled by the Bertelsmann Foundation changed for Ireland, Italy, Malta, and Poland between 2014 and 2020. As the cases show, government leaders sought to alter long-standing processes and the arrangements of governance and policy-making. Our empirical findings support the overarching argument that the study of national policy styles should be combined with that of political leadership.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Support for the German AfD: Jumping the Populist Ship or Staying the Course?
Authors: Bayerlein Michael , Metten Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulist parties enjoy stable support in various European countries. The literature on the rise of populism argues that this support especially increases in times of crises. Surprisingly, the German right-wing populist Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) did not increase its support in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the party even lost 2.3 percentage points in the 2021 federal election. We address this puzzle and ask why the AfD has not been able to use the crisis to its advantage. Our main argument in answering this question is that, although the AfD pursued the classic populist strategy of fundamental opposition, the support base of the AfD is strongly divided on the preference towards measures containing the spread of COVID-19. This division is reinforced by individual affectedness by the pandemic. Introducing a novel weekly dataset on voter preferences, we show that the AfD support base is strongly divided on the issue with approval of the government measures being a significant and substantial contributor to vote switching away from the AfD. Using regional-level data and a difference-in-differences approach, we further show that western German regions hit especially hard by the pandemic display a lower AfD vote share than other regions. Our findings have important implications for the impact of exogenous shocks on electoral competition and also on the future of populist parties.
Detection and Monitoring of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Khanna Surabhi Agarwal , Nance John W. , Suliman Sally A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We explore the importance of early detection, monitoring, and management of SSc-ILD.

Recent Findings
All patients with SSc are at risk of ILD and should be screened for ILD at diagnosis using a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. Some patients with SSc-ILD develop a progressive phenotype characterized by worsening fibrosis on HRCT, decline in lung function, and early mortality. To evaluate progression and inform treatment decisions, regular monitoring is important and should include pulmonary function testing, evaluation of symptoms and quality of life, and, where indicated, repeat HRCT. Multidisciplinary discussion enables comprehensive evaluation of the available information and its implications for management. The first-line treatment for SSc-ILD is usually immunosuppression. The antifibrotic drug nintedanib has been approved for slowing lung function decline in patients with SSc-ILD.

Summary
Optimal management of patients with SSc-ILD requires a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach.