bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Pre-trained BERT-based Language Models for Detecting Misinformation
Authors: Anggrainingsih Rini , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar , Datta Amitava 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is challenging to control the quality of online information due to the lack of supervision. Manual checking is almost impossible given the vast number of posts made on online media and how quickly they spread. Therefore, there is a need for automated rumour detection techniques to limit the adverse effects of spreading misinformation. Previous studies mainly focused on finding and extracting the significant features of text data. However, extracting features is time-consuming and not a highly effective process. This study proposes the BERT-based pre-trained language models to encode text data into vectors and utilise neural network models to classify these vectors to detect misinformation. Furthermore, different language models (LM) ’ performance with different trainable parameters was compared. The proposed technique is tested on different short and long text datasets. The result of the proposed technique has been compared with the state-of-the-art methods on the same datasets. The results show that the proposed technique performs better than the state-of-the-art techniques. We also tested the proposed technique by combining the datasets. The results demonstrated that the large training and testing size of data considerably improves the technique’s performance. Therefore, it is suggested that the dataset, splitting data, and classification techniques must be considered carefully to analyse performance of the solutions.
CRP, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 Levels and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cui Yongjia , Cui Shasha , Lu Wenping , Zhuo Zhili , Wang Ruipeng , Zhang Dongni , Wu Xiaoqing , Chang Lei , Zuo Xi , Zhang Weixuan , Wang Yanan , Mei Heting , Zhang Mengfan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between inflammation and cancer risk. However, the association between inflammation and breast cancer (BC) risk remains unclear. Here, we performed a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the etiological role of inflammation in BC risk.
Methods
We acquired data regarding C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression and BC related to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from two larger consortia (the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC)). Next, we conducted the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study for investigating the relationship of the abovementioned inflammatory factors with the incidence of BC.
Results
Genetically predicted CRP levels did not increase BC incidence (odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.12, P = 0.2059). IL-6 was not related to BC incidence (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.95–1.16, P = 0.3297). It showed no association between genetically predicted IL-1α levels and BC incidence (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03, P = 0.2167). IL-1β levels were not related to overall BC incidence (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98–1.17, P = 0.1140); however, in subgroup analysis, genetically predicted IL-1β levels increased ER + BC incidence (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.27, P = 0.0088), but no correlation was found with ER-BC (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.18, P = 0.9510).
Conclusions
Our study suggested that CRP, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels were not related to BC incidence; however, genetically predicted IL-1β levels were found to increase ER + BC susceptibility.
Primary tumor resection provides survival benefits for the patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Cheng Xiaofei , Li Yanqing , Zhao Feng , Chen Dong , Xu Xiangming , Liu Fanlong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Brain metastases (BMs), particularly synchronous brain metastases, in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are uncommon. The survival benefit of primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is controversial. Whether PTR can bring survival benefit to patients with BMs of CRC has not been reported. Methods: From 2010 to 2016, 581 CRC patients with BMs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were randomly divided into PTR and non-PTR group. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival distributions. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. By controlling additional prognostic factors, a Cox proportional multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the survival benefit of PTR.Results: The median overall survival for CRC patients with synchronous BMs was 3 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 27.2% and a 2-year survival rate of 12.8%. The PTR group contained 171 patients (29.4%), whereas the non-PTR group had 410 patients (70.6%). Patients who underwent PTR had a 1-year survival rate of 40.2% compared to 21.7% in those who did not (p < 0.0001). Cox proportional analysis showed that patients ≥60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.718, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.423-2.075, p< 0.0001) had a shorter OS than patients < 60 years of age. OS was better in CEA-negative than in CEA-positive patients (HR 0.652, 95% CI 0.472-0.899, p=0.009). Patients in whom the primary tumor was removed had a considerably improved prognosis (HR 0.654, 95% CI 0.531–0.805, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the PTR group achieved a survival advantage except for patients with CEA negative.Conclusions: Patients with BMs from CRC may benefit from primary tumor resection (PTR).Independent prognostic risk factors for CRC patients with synchronous BMs were age, CEA level, and PTR.
Role of Long-chain Cyanoacrylate (Lcca) Tissue Adhesive in the Repair of Hypospadias and Urethrocutaneous Fistula (Ucf) in Children
Authors: KHANNA SANAT KUMAR , BAHL INA , Balraam KV Vinu , Maheshwari Saurabh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hypospadias is an anomaly wherein the urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventral aspect of the penis. The most common complications after hypospadias repair are urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) and meatal stenosis. Long Chain Cyanoacrylate (LCCA) tissue adhesive promises safety, feasibility, and durability due to its tensile strength and bacteriostatic and hemostatic properties. We conducted this study to ascertain whether LCCA tissue adhesive can prove a more effective adjunct to traditional suturing techniques.
Methods
Patients were divided into two groups. Group A underwent surgery with conventional reconstruction of the neourethral tube along with buttressing layer using Buck's fascia or Tunica Vaginalis. In addition to the traditional procedure of Gp A, Group B patients were administered a layer of LCCA tissue adhesive as an adjunct between the neourethral suture line and the buttressing layer. Patients were followed up for six months and were evaluated for complications like UCF, meatal stenosis, hematoma, skin infection, glans dehiscence, and flap necrosis.
Results
38 children in the age group 1–6 years were studied, of which 20 were in Group A and 18 in Group B. 35% of patients in Group A developed complications. In contrast, only 22.2% of patients developed complications in Group B. The statistical significance in the complication rates between the two groups could not be achieved due to the modest sample size. However, the numerical and proportional reduction in the number of complications was noted.
Conclusion
LCCA adhesive as an adjunct numerically reduces the number of complications compared to traditional suturing alone in patients undergoing surgery for hypospadias and UCF.
Atomic-resolution structures from polycrystalline covalent organic frameworks crystals with enhanced Cryo-cRED
Authors: Li Jian , Lin Cong , Ma Tianqiong , Sun Junliang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The pursuit of atomic precision structure of porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is to understand relationship between structure and properties, and further develop new materials with superior performance. Yet, a challenge of how to determine their atomic structures has always existed since the first COFs was reported in seventeen years ago. Here, we presented a universal method for ab initial structure determination of polycrystalline 3D COFs at atomic level using enhanced cryo-cRED, which combined hierarchical cluster analysis with cryo-EM technique. The high-quality datasets are not only up to 0.79-angstrom resolution but more than 90% completeness, leading to unambiguous solution and precise anisotropic refinement. With such powerful method, the dynamics structures with flexible linkers, degree of interpenetration, position of functional groups, and arrangement of ordered guest molecules were successfully revealed with atomic precision in five 3D COFs, which were almost impossible to obtain these characteristics without atomic resolution structure solution. This study demonstrates a practicable strategy for determining the structures of polycrystalline COFs and other beam sensitive materials, and to help in the future discovery of novel materials on the other.
Bovine-based breast milk fortifier and neonatal outcomes in premature infants &lt;32 weeks’ gestational age
Authors: Jordan Kate W. , Rooy Laura , Richards Justin , Kulkarni Anay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To examine if the use of bovine-based breast milk fortifier (BMF) in preterm infants plays a role in the development of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), or an increase in all-cause mortality.Methods: Retrospective audit of 952 preterm infants, born <32 weeks gestational age (GA) between January 2010 and September 2020 at a tertiary surgical level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (St George’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom). Odds ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated for the total cohort, and in subgroup analyses by GA.Results: Use of BMF increased significantly across the ten-year study timeframe, from 10.5% of infants in 2010 to 45.8% in 2020. Conversely, NEC rates have been stable across this timeframe (6.3% from 2010 – 2014 and 5.8% from 2015 – 2019). BMF was not associated with an increased risk of developing NEC in preterm infants <32 weeks GA (RR 0.63), including within subgroup analyses. BMF was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality within the cohort (RR 0.31). In the most clinically vulnerable subgroup, GA <26 weeks, BMF use was associated with a decreased risk of developing NEC (RR 0.36, P=0.019, NNT 4.80 – 30.3) and decreased all-cause mortality (RR 0.30, P=.0033, NNT 3.91 – 15.65).Conclusion: Use of bovine BMF was not associated with adverse outcomes in this study. BMF use was associated with a decreased rate of adverse outcomes in the most clinically vulnerable infants.
A Study to Analyze the Feasibility and Effectiveness of Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Used in Young Children
Authors: Li Jinghao , Jiang He , Zhang Yi , Cui Jian , Li Meiting , Zhou Huiming , Li Xiaomei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study was performed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) used in young children.
Methods
From September 2020 to May 2021, total of thirty-one children (≤ 7 years old) with complete atrioventricular block were included. All patients were intended to receive the operation of LBBaP. The pacing parameters, cardiac function and cardiac synchrony were evaluated during follow-up.
Results
LBBaP succeeded in twenty-two children (3.3 ± 2.1 years old), with a success rate of 70.9%. LBBaP had failed in nine children, these children received right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP) eventually. The average postoperative QRS duration in patients of LBBaP group was narrower than that of RVSP group: 100.9 ± 9.1 versus 114.2 ± 11.9 ms (P = 0.002). The median time of follow-up was 12 (IQR 6–15) months. At last time of follow-up, the capture threshold of ventricular electrode in patients of LBBaP group were significantly lower than that of RVSP group (0.70 ± 0.25 versus 1.39 ± 0.94 V, P = 0.011). The echo-LVEF in patients of LBBaP group were better than that of RVSP group (66.1 ± 3.3 versus 63.1 ± 2.2%, P = 0.025). Additionally, the intraventricular and interventricular synchrony parameters in patients of LBBaP group were better than that of RVSP group: the standard deviation of time to peak strain (38.1 ± 5.3 versus 50.3 ± 7.0 ms, P = 0.000) and the interventricular mechanical delay time (38.4 ± 19.9 versus 65.0 ± 31.1 ms, P = 0.012) respectively.
Conclusion
LBBaP could be safely and effectively for young children. Satisfactory pacing parameters, narrow QRS duration and well cardiac synchrony parameters could be obtained.
Usefulness of the PET/CT to predict the progression and mortality risk in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chacón Beatriz Morales , García-Esqu Marta García , Barbero Asunción Nieto , Caldíl Aída Ortega , García Irene Serrano , Walther José Luis Álvarez-Sala , Alcazar Lydia Abásolo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: to assess the capacity of the PET/CT to predict pulmonary function deterioration and increased mortality risk in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and to establish a possible SUVmax cutoff which identifies these patients. Material and methods: retrospective study between January 2007-December 2020. Inclusion criteria: patients > 18 years of age, diagnosed with IIP by PET/CT and pulmonary function test, with less than 6 months’ difference between the two tests. A study was made of the outcome variables associated with the PET/CT, the pulmonary function test measured at 2 stages (initially at the time of the PET/CT and at the end of follow-up), the mortality risk, the relationship between them all and the presence of lung cancer (LC). Results: 39 patients were analysed: 34 males (87%), with an age of 75 ± 8 years. The mean ± SD of the SUVmax was 2.57 ± 1.17. LC was confirmed in 21 cases (54%). There is a small inverse correlation between the SUVmax and the initial and final predicted FVC% (r= -0.154, r= -0.252), together with a medium correlation for the initial and final predicted DLCO% (r= -0.523, r= -0.514). The mean ± SD of the GAP index was 3.77 ± 1.08. There is a medium correlation between the SUVmax and the mortality risk of stages I and II (r = 0.468). By means of ROC curve analysis, an SUVmax of 2.2 was established to predict the fall of the FVC below 80%, of 1.9 to predict the fall of the DLCO below 60%, and of 2.15 to predict the progression from GAP stage I to II in mortality risk. Conclusions: There is an inverse correlation between the SUVmax and the pulmonary function, together with a direct relationship between the SUVmax and the mortality risk.
Bio quantum path duality metamorphosizes Newtonian rigid inertia into topological bio-inertia
Authors: Lai Yi Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To date, all known energy types since Newtonian times are counted by parameters values changing. However, bio-inertia originates from the blind spots of this system, inversion energy is based on system parameters values unchanging but keeps internal inversion among parameters for external changes, with a certain quantization time survives in a non-isolated environment. Schrödinger equation has quantized energy but still hasn’t quantized time thus resulting in quantum collapse. We experiment and define bio-inertia as “parameter-against-gravity-internal- motion” inversion, utilizing Chu’s constant to quantize time, modulating quantization time that maintains bio-systems in an entropy-controlled state originates from topological event inversion superposition of bio quantum paths, conventional quantum collapse instancy extends into quantum sensing processes or lifespan. Bio quantum path duality physically equivalent quantization time or memory between Planck regions and surface tension regions by a string topological equation drives biological de-randomization or evolution, which is generalized as the Basic Law of evolution. The physical topological quantization time steering “copy” quiddity of life is unveiled.
REA: resource exergy analysis guidelines for evaluating energy systems
Authors: Jentsch Andrej 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Evaluating energy systems using resource exergy analysis (REA) is key to ensure that climate targets are reached in time.The reason for this effect is wastefulness. Wastefulness in otherwise GHG-free energy systems increases the amount of GHG-free energy supply required to cover a considered demand. That means that wastefullness leads to reduced availability of GHG-free energy converters for the rest of the energy system and overall fossil fuel use is increased.REA allows to assess wastefulness comprehensively and thus obtain a key indicator in addition to GHG emissions, that is grounded in science, namely resource exergy consumption.This publication provides guidelines to the application of resource exergy analysis (REA) with a focus on energy systems evaluation.REA is a well-tested application of exergy analysis to the field of technology comparison that can replace the less comprehensive primary energy analysis and reduce the risk of suboptimal decisions.
The Interaction of the Authority Bodies with Target Groups: the transformation of communication technologies in the era of digitalization (regional aspect)
Authors: Ezhova E. N. , Zamozhnykh E. A. , Pobedinskaya E. A. 
Published: May 2022

The research is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the technologies of authority bodies’ interaction with different target groups under the conditions of digitalization and mediatization of all life spheres of the society. In modern conditions the complex problem of optimizing authority’s interaction with the population is very acute. Scientists are laying emphasis on to the issues connected with the technologies of public opinion control as well as with the peculiarities of authority bodies’ communication with the population in the sphere of public services and providing feedback, and with anti-crisis communications in the sphere of authority bodies’ activities and others. Digitalization emphasizes the need for the transformation of communication technologies. In this situation the study of the principles of work with the latest channels of public authorities interaction (sites, internet media, online press centres, social network accounts) is becoming urgent. It arises the necessity of developing a conceptual model of modern communication of different level authorities with target groups.The task of this research is (a) to determine the principles underlying the authority bodies’ interaction with the audience under the conditions of digitalizing and mediatizing of all life spheres of the society, and (b) to develop the conceptual model of effective communication of different level authorities with target groups. The solving of this task is supposed to enable, first, to work out the principles of public opinion control by means of effective communication practices, PR-technologies; second, to develop methodological principles of authority bodies’ interaction with target groups under the conditions of population free access to the information flows of different directivity as well as practical guidelines on implementing effective practices into the spheres of digital transformation of public administration. The authors provide the basis to model of authority bodies’ interaction with target groups; systematize effective communication practices of interaction between authority bodies and target groups; provide the reasoning for methodological approaches to the development of the principles of interaction between authority bodies and different target audiences by using the latest communication technologies.
Combined enhancement of evaporation and condensation rates in the solar still for augmenting the freshwater productivity using energy storage and natural fibres
Authors: Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe freshwater production in a conventional solar still (CSS) is very less and it can be enhanced by either enhancing evaporation or condensation rates or both in the solar still. Therefore, the current investigation focused on enhancing both the evaporation rate in the absorber basin and the condensation rate over the top glass simultaneously. In this regard, the evaporation rate is enhanced by using a hollow-finned absorber basin with energy storage and novel pond fibres in the absorber basin. Likewise, the sisal fibre with a water dripping arrangement is utilized for enhancing the condensation over the top glass. The investigations on the CSS and the modified solar still (MSS) with hollow fins and energy storage, pond fibres, and sisal fibres are conducted to analyze the effect of energy storage and natural fibres on the distillate production. It is observed that the water temperatures of the MSS are increased by 12% and the glass temperatures of the MSS are reduced by 30% relative to the CSS. The outcomes reported that the productivity of the MSS is enhanced by 126%. Furthermore, the cost per litre (CPL) and the payback period (PP) of the MSS are 38.5 and 49.3% lesser than the CPL and the PP of the CSS, respectively.
Estimating global water, sanitation, and hygiene levels and related risks on human health, using global indicators data from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Aboah Michael , Miyittah Michael K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Water quality improvement, sanitation, and hygiene have been demonstrated to have positive impacts on health, social, and economic development. However, global understanding of water quality, sanitation, and hygiene is limited. The study extracted data from the Joint Monitoring Programme (WHO/UNICEF) and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to estimate global water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) levels. Statistical tools of univariate and multivariate analyses were used to process global access to WASH. Results show that men (53%) had access to safe water compared to women. Women (67%), on the other hand, demonstrated better hygiene practices than men (33%). In addition, adults had access to safe water compared to children, the elderly, and strangers. Globally, there is low water quality in landlock developing countries compared to small island developing states. The categorisation of countries into economic states of low, upper-middle, and high-income countries directly affects water quality, sanitation, and hygiene. Continentally, Africa recorded the least water quality, sanitation, and hygiene levels. Thus, African countries must learn from the best practice in governmental policies and management systems from other continents regarding water improvement, sanitation, and hygiene.