bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The League of Nations and the post-Ottoman recolonization of the Nile Valley: The imperial Matryoshka of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1922–1924
Authors: Potì Giorgio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the Anglo-Egyptian dispute over Sudan following the Ottoman defeat in World War One and Cairo’s nominal independence in 1922. Drawing from Foreign Office documents, League of Nations archives, Egyptian parliamentary records and contemporary academic jurisprudence, it traces the failed Egyptian attempt to activate the settlement mechanisms of the Covenant after the assassination of the British governor of Sudan. In parallel, the article investigates the British preparations to face international arbitration, including the hypothetical request for a League mandate over Sudan. Through Cairo’s and London’s perceptions, we can grasp the global reach of the Geneva organization beyond its limited membership and agency. Although the League undertook no measures, the possibility of its intervention triggered competing legal arguments, as well as rival discourses of Egyptian and Sudanese self-determination. Thus, this essay sheds light on a recolonization process pre-dating World War Two. The clash of British and Egyptian imperial projects in the Nile Valley warns historians against forcing a teleology of the end of empire on the interwar roots of decolonization.
Lost In Translation
Authors: Moran Jerome 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLanguages are cultural epiphenomena: they, and their varieties, emerge at stages of development in the life of a culture. In some important respects they are peculiar to their culture, and the meanings of certain terms used in the language of their culture are not therefore readily transferable to the languages of other cultures. There are culturally-laden terms that do not have semantic equivalents in the languages of other cultures. Generally speaking, translations can more easily reproduce semantic equivalents that are culturally neutral. So, the term ‘dog’ is able to be translated in most other languages, since whatever term is used has the same recognised referent. The efficacy of translation generally depends upon the nature and number of semantic equivalents that are culturally neutral. The trouble is that there is a large number of terms that are not semantically equivalent because they are not culturally neutral; the greater the number, the less the efficacy of translation. It would seem, therefore, that translation cannot in many instances convey what is distinctive of the culture of the original language.
Western United States and Canada perspective: are herbicide-resistant crops the solution to herbicide-resistant weeds?
Authors: Brunharo Caio A. C. G. , Gast Roger , Kumar Vipan , Mallory-Smith Carol A. , Tidemann Breanne D. , Beckie Hugh J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerbicide-resistant (HR) crops are widely grown throughout the United States and Canada. These crop-trait technologies can enhance weed management and therefore can be an important component of integrated weed management (IWM) programs. Concomitantly, evolution of HR weed populations has become ubiquitous in agricultural areas where HR crops are grown. Nevertheless, crop cultivars with new or combined (stacked) HR traits continue to be developed and commercialized. This review, based on a symposium held at the Western Society of Weed Science annual meeting in 2021, examines the impact of HR crops on HR weed management in the U.S. Great Plains, U.S. Pacific Northwest, and the Canadian Prairies over the past 25 yr and their past and future contributions to IWM. We also provide an industry perspective on the future of HR crop development and the role of HR crops in resistance management. Expanded options for HR traits in both major and minor crops are expected. With proper stewardship, HR crops can reduce herbicide-use intensity and help reduce selection pressure on weed populations. However, their proper deployment in cropping systems must be carefully planned by considering a diverse crop rotation sequence with multiple HR and non-HR crops and maximizing crop competition to effectively manage HR weed populations. Based on past experiences in the cultivation of HR crops and associated herbicide use in the western United States and Canada, HR crops have been important determinants of both the selection and management of HR weeds.
Living With Fire and the Need for Diversity
Authors: Stoof C. R. , Kettridge N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe 2018–2021 wildfire seasons were a glimpse of the future: deadly damaging fires in Mediterranean regions and high fire activity outside the typical fire season, also in temperate and boreal areas. This challenge cannot be solved with the traditional mono‐disciplinary approach of fire suppression. There is a critical need to change fire management from fire resistance to landscape resilience: Living with fire. Climate change thereby creates an urgency for understanding the integrated drivers of fire impacts and risks, and for designing creative and effective risk reduction, management and communication strategies. We argue that achieving this integrated fire management requires inter‐ and transdisciplinary research based on four axes of diversity: combining cross‐geography, cross‐risk, and cross‐sector approaches while embracing social diversity. This requires a new way of training our future experts, a broader way of defining scientific excellence, and stimulation of opportunities for people from various disciplines and sectors to meet and learn.
Toward a Global Model for Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Dynamics: Dependence of Exchange Kinetics and Soil Bioavailability on Soil Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Ying‐Ping , Huang Yuanyuan , Augusto Laurent , Goll Daniel S. , Helfenstein Julian , Hou Enqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe representation of phosphorus (P) cycling in global land models remains quite simplistic, particularly on soil inorganic phosphorus. For example, sorption and desorption remain unresolved and their dependence on soil physical and chemical properties is ignored. Empirical parameter values are usually based on expert knowledge or data from few sites with debatable global representativeness in most global land models. To overcome these issues, we compiled from data of inorganic soil P fractions and calculated the fraction of added P remaining in soil solution over time of 147 soil samples to optimize three parameters in a model of soil inorganic P dynamics. The calibrated model performed well (r2 > 0.7 for 122 soil samples). Model parameters vary by several orders of magnitude, and correlate with soil P fractions of different inorganic pools, soil organic carbon and oxalate extractable metal oxide concentrations among the soil samples. The modeled bioavailability of soil P depends on, not only, the desorption rates of labile and sorbed pool, inorganic phosphorus fractions, the slope of P sorbed against solution P concentration, but also on the ability of biological uptake to deplete solution P concentration and the time scale. The model together with the empirical relationships of model parameters on soil properties can be used to quantify bioavailability of soil inorganic P on various timescale especially when coupled within global land models.
Model Order Reduction for Water Quality Dynamics
Authors: Wang Shen , Taha Ahmad F. , Chakrabarty Ankush , Sela Lina , Abokifa Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA state‐space representation of water quality (WQ) dynamics describing disinfectant (e.g., chlorine) transport dynamics in drinking water distribution networks has been recently proposed. Such representation is a byproduct of space‐ and time‐discretization of the partial differential equations modeling transport dynamics. This results in a large state‐space dimension even for small networks with tens of nodes. Although such a state‐space model provides a model‐driven approach to predict WQ dynamics, incorporating it into model‐based control algorithms or state estimators for large networks is challenging and at times intractable. To that end, this paper investigates model order reduction (MOR) methods for WQ dynamics with the objective of performing post‐reduction feedback control. The presented investigation focuses on reducing state‐dimension by orders of magnitude, the stability of the MOR methods, and the application of these methods to model predictive control.
Disparate Seasonal Nitrate Export From Nested Heterogeneous Subcatchments Revealed With StorAge Selection Functions
Authors: Nguyen Tam V. , Kumar Rohini , Musolff Andreas , Lutz Stefanie R. , Sarrazin Fanny , Attinger Sabine , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding catchment controls on catchment solute export is a prerequisite for water quality management. StorAge Selection (SAS) functions encapsulate essential information about catchment functioning in terms of discharge selection preference and solute export dynamics. However, they lack information on the spatial origin of solutes when applied at the catchment scale, thereby limiting our understanding of the internal (subcatchment) functioning. Here, we parameterized SAS functions in a spatially explicit way to understand the internal catchment responses and transport dynamics of reactive dissolved nitrate (N‐NO3). The model was applied in a nested mesoscale catchment (457 km2), consisting of a mountainous partly forested, partly agricultural subcatchment, a middle‐reach forested subcatchment, and a lowland agricultural subcatchment. The model captured flow and nitrate concentration dynamics not only at the catchment outlet but also at internal gauging stations. Results reveal disparate subsurface mixing dynamics and nitrate export among headwater and lowland subcatchments. The headwater subcatchment has high seasonal variation in subsurface mixing schemes and younger water in discharge, while the lowland subcatchment has less pronounced seasonality in subsurface mixing and much older water in discharge. Consequently, nitrate concentration in discharge from the headwater subcatchment shows strong seasonality, whereas that from the lowland subcatchment is stable in time. The temporally varying responses of headwater and lowland subcatchments alternate the dominant contribution to nitrate export in high and low‐flow periods between subcatchments. Overall, our results demonstrate that the spatially explicit SAS modeling provides useful information about internal catchment functioning, helping to develop or evaluate spatial management practices.
Large‐Sample Evaluation of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting for Flood Early Warning
Authors: Imhoff R. O. , Brauer C. C. , van Heeringen K. J. , Uijlenhoet R. , Weerts A. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo assess the potential of radar rainfall nowcasting for early warning, nowcasts for 659 events were used to construct discharge forecasts for 12 Dutch catchments. Four open‐source nowcasting algorithms were tested: Rainymotion Sparse (RM‐S), Rainymotion DenseRotation (RM‐DR), Pysteps deterministic (PS‐D), and probabilistic (PS‐P) with 20 ensemble members. As benchmark, Eulerian Persistence (EP) and zero precipitation input (ZP) were used. For every 5‐min step in the available nowcasts, a discharge forecast with a 12‐hr forecast horizon was constructed. Simulations using the observed radar rainfall were used as reference. Rainfall and discharge forecast errors were found to increase with both increasing rainfall intensity and spatial variability. For the discharge forecasts, this relationship depends on the initial conditions, as the forecast error increases more quickly with rainfall intensity when the groundwater table is shallow. Overall, discharge forecasts using RM‐DR, PS‐D, and PS‐P outperform the other methods. Threshold exceedance forecasts were assessed by using the maximum event discharge as threshold. Compared to benchmark ZP, an exceedance is, on average, forecast 223 (EP), 196 (RM‐S), 213 (RM‐DR), 119 (PS‐D), and 143 min (PS‐P) in advance. The EP results are counterbalanced by both a high false alarm ratio (FAR) and inconsistent forecasts. Contrarily, PS‐D and PS‐P produce lower FAR and inconsistency index values than all other methods. All methods advance short‐term discharge forecasting compared to no rainfall forecasts at all, though all have shortcomings. As forecast rainfall volumes are a crucial factor in discharge forecasts, a future focus on improving this aspect in nowcasting is recommended.
A cross-species spatiotemporal proteomic analysis identifies UBE3A-dependent signaling pathways and targets
Authors: Pandya Nikhil J. , Meier Sonja , Tyanova Stefka , Terrigno Marco , Wang Congwei , Punt A. Mattijs , Mientjes E. J. , Vautheny Audrey , Distel Ben , Kremer Thomas , Elgersma Ype , Jagasia Ravi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of neuronal E3 ligase UBE3A. Restoring UBE3A levels is a potential disease-modifying therapy for AS and has recently entered clinical trials. There is paucity of data regarding the molecular changes downstream of UBE3A hampering elucidation of disease therapeutics and biomarkers. Notably, UBE3A plays an important role in the nucleus but its targets have yet to be elucidated. Using proteomics, we assessed changes during postnatal cortical development in an AS mouse model. Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation of proteasomal and tRNA synthetase pathways at all postnatal brain developmental stages, while synaptic proteins were altered in adults. We confirmed pathway alterations in an adult AS rat model across multiple brain regions and highlighted region-specific differences. UBE3A reinstatement in AS model mice resulted in near complete and partial rescue of the proteome alterations in adolescence and adults, respectively, supporting the notion that restoration of UBE3A expression provides a promising therapeutic option. We show that the nuclear enriched transketolase (TKT), one of the most abundantly altered proteins, is a novel direct UBE3A substrate and is elevated in the neuronal nucleus of rat brains and human iPSC-derived neurons. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive map of UBE3A-driven proteome remodeling in AS across development and species, and corroborates an early UBE3A reinstatement as a viable therapeutic option. To support future disease and biomarker research, we present an accessible large-scale multi-species proteomic resource for the AS community (https://www.angelman-proteome-project.org/).
Liquid biopsies to monitor and direct cancer treatment in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mauri Gianluca , Vitiello Pietro Paolo , Sogari Alberto , Crisafulli Giovanni , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Marsoni Silvia , Siena Salvatore , Bardelli Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Despite recent improvements in treatment and prevention, most of the current therapeutic options are weighted by side effects impacting patients’ quality of life. Better patient selection towards systemic treatments represents an unmet clinical need. The recent multidisciplinary and molecular advancements in the treatment of CRC patients demand the identification of efficient biomarkers allowing to personalise patient care. Currently, core tumour biopsy specimens represent the gold-standard biological tissue to identify such biomarkers. However, technical feasibility, tumour heterogeneity and cancer evolution are major limitations of this single-snapshot approach. Genotyping circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has been addressed as potentially overcoming such limitations. Indeed, ctDNA has been retrospectively demonstrated capable of identifying minimal residual disease post-surgery and post-adjuvant treatment, as well as spotting druggable molecular alterations for tailoring treatments in metastatic disease. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on ctDNA applicability in CRC. Then, we review ongoing clinical trials assessing how liquid biopsy can be used interventionally to guide therapeutic choice in localised, locally advanced and metastatic CRC. Finally, we discuss how its widespread could transform CRC patients’ management, dissecting its limitations while suggesting improvement strategies.
Elucidating mechanisms of genetic cross-disease associations at the PROCR vascular disease locus
Authors: Stacey David , Chen Lingyan , Stanczyk Paulina J. , Howson Joanna M. M. , Mason Amy M. , Burgess Stephen , MacDonald Stephen , Langdown Jonathan , McKinney Harriett , Downes Kate , Farahi Neda , Peters James E. , Basu Saonli , Pankow James S. , Tang Weihong , Pankratz Nathan , Sabater-Lleal Maria , de Vries Paul S. , Smith Nicholas L. ,   CHARGE Hemostasis Working Group, Dehghan Abbas , Heath Adam S. , Morrison Alanna C. , Reiner Alex P. , Johnson Andrew , Richmond Anne , Peters Annette , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , McKnight Barbara , Psaty Bruce M. , Hayward Caroline , Ward-Caviness Cavin , O’Donnell Christopher , Chasman Daniel , Strachan David P. , Tregouet David A. , Mook-Kanamori Dennis , Gill Dipender , Thibord Florian , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Davies Gail , Homuth Georg , Temprano Gerard , Campbell Harry , Taylor Herman A. , Bressler Jan , Huffman Jennifer E. , Rotter Jerome I. , Yao Jie , Wilson James F. , Bis Joshua C. , Hahn Julie M. , Desch Karl C. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Raffield Laura M. , Bielak Lawrence F. , Yanek Lisa R. , Kleber Marcus E. , Mueller Martina , Kavousi Maryam , Mangino Massimo , Conomos Matthew P. , Liu Melissa , Brown Michael R. , Jhun Min-A , Chen Ming-Huei , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Peyser Patricia A. , Elliot Paul , Wei Peng , Wild Philipp S. , Morange Pierre E. , van der Harst Pim , Yang Qiong , Le Ngoc-Quynh , Marioni Riccardo , Li Ruifang , Damrauer Scott M. , Cox Simon R. , Trompet Stella , Felix Stephan B. , Völker Uwe , Koenig Wolfgang , Jukema J. Wouter , Guo Xiuqing , Gelinas Amy D. , Schneider Daniel J. , Janjic Nebojsa , Samani Nilesh J. , Ye Shu , Summers Charlotte , Chilvers Edwin R. , Danesh John , Paul Dirk S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany individual genetic risk loci have been associated with multiple common human diseases. However, the molecular basis of this pleiotropy often remains unclear. We present an integrative approach to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the PROCR locus, associated with lower coronary artery disease (CAD) risk but higher venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. We identify PROCR-p.Ser219Gly as the likely causal variant at the locus and protein C as a causal factor. Using genetic analyses, human recall-by-genotype and in vitro experimentation, we demonstrate that PROCR-219Gly increases plasma levels of (activated) protein C through endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) ectodomain shedding in endothelial cells, attenuating leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and vascular inflammation. We also associate PROCR-219Gly with an increased pro-thrombotic state via coagulation factor VII, a ligand of EPCR. Our study, which links PROCR-219Gly to CAD through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and to VTE through pro-thrombotic mechanisms, provides a framework to reveal the mechanisms underlying similar cross-phenotype associations.
Tryptophan depletion results in tryptophan-to-phenylalanine substitutants
Authors: Pataskar Abhijeet , Champagne Julien , Nagel Remco , Kenski Juliana , Laos Maarja , Michaux Justine , Pak Hui Song , Bleijerveld Onno B. , Mordente Kelly , Navarro Jasmine Montenegro , Blommaert Naomi , Nielsen Morten M. , Lovecchio Domenica , Stone Everett , Georgiou George , de Gooijer Mark C. , van Tellingen Olaf , Altelaar Maarten , Joosten Robbie P. , Perrakis Anastassis , Olweus Johanna , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Peeper Daniel S. , Agami Reuven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActivated T cells secrete interferon-γ, which triggers intracellular tryptophan shortage by upregulating the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme1–4. Here we show that despite tryptophan depletion, in-frame protein synthesis continues across tryptophan codons. We identified tryptophan-to-phenylalanine codon reassignment (W>F) as the major event facilitating this process, and pinpointed tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS1) as its source. We call these W>F peptides ‘substitutants’ to distinguish them from genetically encoded mutants. Using large-scale proteomics analyses, we demonstrate W>F substitutants to be highly abundant in multiple cancer types. W>F substitutants were enriched in tumours relative to matching adjacent normal tissues, and were associated with increased IDO1 expression, oncogenic signalling and the tumour-immune microenvironment. Functionally, W>F substitutants can impair protein activity, but also expand the landscape of antigens presented at the cell surface to activate T cell responses. Thus, substitutants are generated by an alternative decoding mechanism with potential effects on gene function and tumour immunoreactivity.
Fire (plus) flood (equals) beach: coastal response to an exceptional river sediment discharge event
Authors: Warrick Jonathan A. , Vos Kilian , East Amy E. , Vitousek Sean 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWildfire and post-fire rainfall have resounding effects on hillslope processes and sediment yields of mountainous landscapes. Yet, it remains unclear how fire–flood sequences influence downstream coastal littoral systems. It is timely to examine terrestrial–coastal connections because climate change is increasing the frequency, size, and intensity of wildfires, altering precipitation rates, and accelerating sea-level rise; and these factors can be understood as contrasting accretionary and erosive agents for coastal systems. Here we provide new satellite-derived shoreline measurements of Big Sur, California and show how river sediment discharge significantly influenced shoreline positions during the past several decades. A 2016 wildfire followed by record precipitation increased sediment discharge in the Big Sur River and resulted in almost half of the total river sediment load of the past 50 years (~ 2.2 of ~ 4.8 Mt). Roughly 30% of this river sediment was inferred to be littoral-grade sand and was incorporated into the littoral cell, causing the widest beaches in the 37-year satellite record and spreading downcoast over timescales of years. Hence, the impact of fire–flood events on coastal sediment budgets may be substantial, and these impacts may increase with time considering projected intensification of wildfires and extreme rain events under global warming.
Optical coherence tomography and imaging biomarkers as outcome predictors in diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone implant
Authors: Chou Hung-Da , Wu Cheng-Hsiu , Chiang Wei-Yu , Chen Nan-Ni , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Chen Kuan-Jen , Lai Chien-Hsiung , Wu Pei-Chang , Chen Yi-Hao , Yeung Ling , Shao Shih-Chieh , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this retrospective, multicenter study, we determined the predictive value of imaging biomarkers in diabetic macular edema (DME) outcomes following dexamethasone (DEX) implant(s). Sixty-seven eyes of 47 patients’ best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after intravitreal DEX implants were evaluated. Baseline imaging biomarkers were graded using fundus photography and OCT, and the predictive value of biomarkers for significant treatment effects at six months was analyzed. Six months after 2.0 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) DEX implants, 35 (52%) and 16 (24%) eyes had CFT reduction ≥ 10% from baseline and decreased to < 300 µm, respectively. BCVA improved ≥ 3 lines in 15 (22%) and remained stable in 38 (57%) eyes. At six months, eyes with severe intraretinal cyst (IRC), abundant hyperreflective dots (HRD), and moderate or severe hard exudate had a significantly higher chance of CFT reduction ≥ 10%. Eyes with abundant HRD at baseline and those underwent three DEX implants were more likely to achieve CFT < 300 µm. Eyes with DME and severe IRC, abundant HRD, or moderate-to-severe hard exudate at baseline were more likely to show a significant reduction in CFT six months after DEX implant.