bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Reality Enhanced Otolaryngology Case‐Based Learning: A Randomized Educational Study
Authors: Malik Rukhnoor , Abbas Jonathan R. , Jayarajah Ceyon , Bruce Iain A. , Tolley Neil 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to medical education. Education in medical specialties, such as otolaryngology faces multiple challenges, including reduced bedside and “hands‐on” training opportunities at all levels. Educators are turning to technological advancements to deliver effective remote medical education. This study investigated the value of enhancing traditional remote case‐based teaching with the HoloLens2™.MethodsWe present a randomized educational design study. All educational content, media, and learning outcomes were identical. Primary outcome measures included student performance as measured with pre‐ and post‐intervention quizzes and student engagement as measured by a tally‐mark system. Secondary outcome measures, collected using feedback questionnaires, included perceived enjoyment, engagement, and opinions regarding the educational role of this technology.ResultsThe undergraduate medical students were randomized to either conventional or HoloLens2™ enhanced remote case‐based teaching (n = 56). HoloLens2™ enhanced teaching improved student performance by an average of 3 marks of 15% (p < 0.001). It was engaging and encouraged questions 4‐fold per session (p < 0.05) when compared to conventional remote case‐based teaching. There was no significant difference in overall objective measurements of engagement. Students taught using HoloLens2™ agreed that the teaching was enjoyable, effective in concept demonstration, and encouraged engagement.ConclusionsRemote teaching has allowed for the continuation of medical education in uncertain times. Beyond COVID‐19, we predict that there will be a paradigm shift toward remote learning as new technological advancements emerges. These novel technologies may prove invaluable in the future potentially enabling education to be delivered between different hospitals, universities, and even overseas.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1606–1613, 2023
Further Insights into the Catalytic Reduction of Aliphatic Polyesters to Polyethers
Authors: Rhein Michael , Zarbakhsh Sirus , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of medium‐ and short‐chain aliphatic polyethers is industrially limited to the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic ethers with a high ring strain, such as oxiranes, oxetanes, or tetrahydrofuran. This structural limitation can be overcome by the gallium bromide catalyzed reduction of different polyesters into their corresponding polyethers. Herein, the scope of applicable polyesters is broadened, while the influence of the polyester structure on the reduction system is examined. The reactivity as well as side reactions, i.e., overreduction leading to chain cleavage, are shown to depend on the distance of the ester groups in the repeating unit of the polyester. Two different reducing agents, namely triethylsilane and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane, are studied and compared in terms of reactivity and work‐up procedures, showing advantages and disadvantages depending on the reduced polyester properties. The reaction conditions are optimized and the reduction can be scaled‐up to 60 g polyester. All products are thoroughly characterized.
Multidisciplinary Network ActiveOncoKids guidelines for providing movement and exercise in pediatric oncology: Consensus‐based recommendations
Authors: Götte Miriam , Gauß Gabriele , Dirksen Uta , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Basu Oliver , Baumann Freerk T. , Wiskemann Joachim , Boos Joachim , Kesting Sabine Verena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cancer leads to reduced participation in exercise and only few patients comply with national physical activity recommendations. Physically inactive behavior hinders motor development and increases physical and psychological adverse effects of therapy and incidence of sequelae. Currently, there is neither nationwide coverage nor uniform level of knowledge regarding exercise promotion. The objective of the guideline is to facilitate qualified exercise interventions through standardized procedures in addition to regular physiotherapy and overall avoid physical inactivity in pediatric cancer patients.MethodsThis guideline addresses the multidisciplinary treatment team and informs physiotherapists and decision‐makers in tertiary care hospitals and health insurance companies. The requirements of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany were followed. Contents were based on best practice experience of experts, patient advocates, as well as on scientific evidence.ResultsThe guideline includes 11 recommendations. Recommendations 1–4 declare the relevance of implementing exercise interventions and address general framework conditions. Recommendations 5–11 focus on the design of exercise programs, prevention and safety issues, relative contraindications for specific training loads, and options to overcome barriers to exercise.ConclusionThis guideline summarizes existing and established structures and evidence in the context of movement and exercise in pediatric oncology. It takes into consideration the rights, varying needs, and characteristics of children and adolescents as well as national and international experience in this field. In the future, relevant research gaps need to be addressed by high‐quality intervention studies to provide the scientific background for a stronger evidence‐based guideline.
A Self‐Powered Wearable Sensor for Continuous Wireless Sweat Monitoring
Authors: Gai Yansong , Wang Engui , Liu Minghao , Xie Lirong , Bai Yuan , Yang Yuan , Xue Jiangtao , Qu Xuecheng , Xi Yuan , Li Linlin , Luo Dan , Li Zhou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWireless wearable sweat analysis devices can monitor biomarkers at the molecular level continuously and in situ, which is highly desired for personalized health care. The miniaturization, integration, and wireless operation of sweat sensors improve the comfort and convenience while also bringing forward new challenges for power supply technology. Herein, a wireless self‐powered wearable sweat analysis system (SWSAS) is designed that effectively converts the mechanical energy of human motion into electricity through hybrid nanogenerator modules (HNGMs). The HNGM shows stable output characteristics at low frequency with a current of 15 mA and a voltage of 60 V. Through real‐time on‐body sweat analysis powered by HNGM, the SWSAS is demonstrated to selectively monitor biomarkers (Na+ and K+) in sweat and wirelessly transmit the sensing data to the user interface via Bluetooth.
Stabilizing High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for High Energy Rechargeable Li Batteries by Coating With Organic Aromatic Acids and Their Li Salts
Authors: Maiti Sandipan , Sclar Hadar , Grinblat Judith , Talianker Michael , Elias Yuval , Wu Xiaohan , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Aurbach Doron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere, three types of surface coatings based on adsorption of organic aromatic acids or their Li salts are applied as functional coating substrates to engineer the surface properties of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel cathodes. The materials used as coating include 1,3,5‐benzene‐tricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid [TMA]), its Li‐salt, and 1,4‐benzene‐dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). The surface coating involves simple ethanol liquid‐phase mixing and low‐temperature heat treatment under nitrogen flow. In typical comparative studies, TMA‐coated (3–5%) LNMO cathodes deliver >90% capacity retention after 400 cycles with significantly improved rate performance in Li‐coin cells at 30 °C compared to uncoated material with capacity retention of ≈40%. The cathode coating also prevents the rapid drop in the electrochemical activity of high voltage Li cells at 55 °C. Studies of high voltage full cells containing TMA coated cathodes versus graphite anodes also demonstrate improved electrochemical behavior, including improved cycling performance and capacity retention, increased rate capabilities, lower voltage hysteresis, and very minor direct current internal resistance evolution. In line with the highly positive effects on the electrochemical performance, it is found that these coatings reduce detrimental transition metal cations dissolution and ensure structural stability during prolonged cycling and thermal stability at elevated temperatures.
Investigation on dynamic bifurcation buckling of a composite column impacted by a mass in hygrothermal environment
Authors: Li Ji'an , Zhao Xiang , Wang Yongjun , Li Yinghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe impacted buckling problems of the slender composite column have a particular essential engineering meaning for the civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and nuclear power engineering fields. Specifically, the contact duration time and buckling time are of importance to design nuclear reactor. This paper mainly concentrates on the dynamic buckling of a slender composite column subjected to a sudden axial load in a hygrothermal environment. In this study, the distribution of strain of the column is considered nonuniform. The humid and thermal factors are taken into account in the stress–strain relation. Employing the composite material's constitutive relation, the buckling governing equation of the composite column can be obtained. The Galerkin method and Laplace transform are applied to solve the buckling problem of the composite column. In this process, the contact duration time and the buckling time are two significant parameters that are typically considered in this research. In the numerical section, the present solutions are validated by comparing to the result in published research. The effects of the kinetic energy of the impactor, geometrical features of the column, and hygrothermal factors on the buckling solutions are studied as well.
Determination and Combination of Monthly Gravity Field Time Series from Kinematic Orbits of GRACE, GRACE-FO and Swarm
Authors: Grombein Thomas , Lasser Martin , Arnold Daniel , Meyer Ulrich , Jäggi Adrian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dedicated gravity field missions like GRACE and GRACE-FO use ultra-precise inter-satellite ranging observations to derive time series of monthly gravity field solutions. In addition, any (non-dedicated) Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver may also serve as a gravity field sensor. To this end, GPS-derived kinematic LEO orbit positions are used as pseudo-observations for gravity field recovery. Although less sensitive, this technique can provide valuable information for the monitoring of large-scale time-variable gravity signals, particularly for those months where no inter-satellite ranging measurements are available. Due to a growing number of LEO satellites that collect continuous and mostly uninterrupted GPS data, the value of a combined multi-LEO gravity field time series is likely to increase in the near future.
In this paper, we present monthly gravity field time series derived from GPS-based kinematic orbit positions of the GRACE, GRACE-FO and Swarm missions. We analyze their individual contribution as well as the additional benefit of their combination. For this purpose, two combination strategies at solution level are studied that are based on (i) least-squares variance component estimation, and (ii) stochastic properties of the gravity field solutions. By evaluating mass variations in Greenland and the Amazon river basin, the resulting gravity field time series are assessed with respect to superior solutions based on inter-satellite ranging.
Investigating the Relationship Between Length of Day and El-Niño Using Wavelet Coherence Method
Authors: Raut Shrishail , Modiri Sadegh , Heinkelmann Robert , Balidakis Kyriakos , Belda Santiago , Kitpracha Chaiyaporn , Schuh Harald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the length of day (LOD) and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been well studied since the 1980s. LOD is the negative time-derivative of UT1-UTC, which is directly proportional to Earth Rotation Angle (ERA), one of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP). The EOP can be determined using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), which is a space geodetic technique. In addition, satellite techniques such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) can provide Earth Rotation Parameters, i.e., polar motion and LOD. ENSO is a climate phenomenon occurring over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean that mainly affects the tropics and the subtropics. Extreme ENSO events can cause extreme weather like flooding and droughts in many parts of the world. In this work, we investigated the effect of ENSO on the LOD from January 1979 to April 2022 using the wavelet coherence method. This method computes the coherence between the two non-stationary time-series in the time-frequency domain using the real-valued Morlet wavelet. We used the Multivariate ENSO index version 2 (MEI v.2) which is the most robust series as the climate index for the ENSO, and LOD time-series from IERS (EOP 14 C04 (IAU2000A)). We also used Oceanic Niño and Southern Oscillation index in this study for comparison. The results show strong coherence of 0.7 to 0.9 at major ENSO events for the periods 2–4 years between LOD and MEI.v2.
Bushfire smoke plume composition and toxicological assessment from the 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer
Authors: Simmons Jack B. , Paton-Walsh Clare , Mouat Asher P. , Kaiser Jennifer , Humphries Ruhi S. , Keywood Melita , Griffith David W. T. , Sutresna Adhitya , Naylor Travis , Ramirez-Gamboa Jhonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract Many of the population centres in southeast Australia were swathed in bushfire smoke during the 2019–2020 austral summer. Bushfires burning during what is now known as the Black Summer was historically large and severe, and the fire season historically long. The chemical composition in the gas and aerosol phase of aged plumes measured near Wollongong, NSW in early 2020 is reported in this work. Enhancement ratios to carbon monoxide are presented for thirteen species (acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, black carbon aerosol, benzene, methane, methacrolein + methyl vinyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ammonium ion PM1 fraction, nitrate ion PM1 fraction, organic PM1 fraction and PM2.5). Observed plume composition is comparable to that measured in fresh smoke from Australian fires reported in the literature. Enhancements of biogenic volatile organic compounds such as isoprene (smoke-effected period mean 1 ppb, maximum 6 ppb) were observed along with elevated concentrations of particulate variables. Enhancement ratios reported here can be used in plume modelling of landscape-scale fires and assist in concentration estimates of infrequently measured atmospheric pollutants. The relative toxicological contribution of species present in the plumes was determined for plume exposure at the measurement site and for concentrated plumes at a population centre case study. Similar results were apparent at both locations. Contributions to the toxicological loading were dominated by respirable particles (~ 52–63% total contribution), formaldehyde (~ 30–39% total contribution) and acrolein. This is a reminder to consider the toxicological contributions in the gas phase when considering health impacts of population exposure to bushfire smoke.
Measurement invariance in gender and age of the Herth Hope Index to the general spanish population across the lifespan
Authors: Robles-Bello María Auxiliadora , Sánchez-Teruel David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Herth Hope Index (HHI) is used to measure hope. Assessing the psychometric properties of HHI in Spanish population, exploring its structural validity, the different functionalities of the items and the invariability of this measure according to the gender and age of the population. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to explore the scale’s dimensionality and test for strong measurement invariance across sex and age in a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study. A new scale was obtained with the structure of one factor with 9 items. Goodness-of-fit indices were excellent. The internal consistency of the one dimension proved high values. The configural invariance on gender shows that both men and women understand the new HHI items, also, this research also shows that there is no scalar invariance across age groups, revealing good levels of adjustment of the item. The Spanish version of the HHI proved to be a valid, reliable instrument to assess the hope in Spanish population.
Insight into the high-temperature tribological mechanism of VAlTiCrW high entropy alloy film: AlV3O9 from tribochemistry
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Fan Jun , Pu Jibin , Lu Zhaoxia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys have made significant progress in high mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance properties. Excellent tribological properties, especially high-temperature lubrication, have become another sought performance. In this work, VAlTiCrW high-entropy alloy film with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure was prepared on superalloy substrate by magnetron sputtering. It is found that the VAlTiCrW film shows very low friction coefficient of 0.15 and a low wear rate of 10−5 orders of magnitude at 800 °C. After 800 °C oxidation, the film can still obtain a friction coefficient of no more than 0.2 at 700 °C. XRD and TEM revealed the formation of ternary oxide AlV3O9 with preferred orientation of (002) crystal plane with large spacing of 0.71 nm on the wear surface of the film, a high-temperature lubricating phase that has not been reported, realizes the low friction coefficient. This AlV3O9 can be formed by tribochemical reaction under the thermal-mechanical action at 700 °C, but pre-oxidation at 800 °C is the prerequisite in order to form the precursors of V-rich and Al-rich oxide layer.
Political Uncertainty and Firm Investment: Project-Level Evidence from M&A Activity
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Cihan Mehmet , Jens Candace E. , Page T. Beau 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study how firms alter investment projects to mitigate exposure to political uncertainty. We examine deal-level merger data and find that, in addition to delaying and forgoing merger announcements, acquirers shift merger announcements earlier in time to avoid the period between announcement and effective dates overlapping an election, shift targets geographically away from election states, decrease the size of election-year deals, and shift from equity to cash financing for election-year deals. These results are stronger for acquirers with tighter financial constraints and deals more likely to be financed with equity and show financing matters to firms’ responses to election uncertainty.
The Significance of Corrections for the Examination of the Emergence of Variants
Authors: Landefeld Katrin Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the course of the transmission of the text of the New Testament variants in the text emerged many times and in different ways. This article shows the importance of the study of corrections in the course of building theories about the emergence of specific variants. It presents some exemplary results of the examination of corrections of a few manuscripts of Acts. The article shows that examining all the corrections in a work in an individual manuscript can give important hints on the emergence of specific variants because it allows to make judgement about the character of the copying and the correcting.
Tracing metabolic flux to assess optimal dietary protein and amino acid consumption
Authors: Wolfe Robert R. , Kim Il-Young , Park Sanghee , Ferrando Arny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a general consensus that a dietary protein intake of 0.8 g protein/kg/day will prevent symptoms of protein deficiency in young, healthy individuals. However, individuals in many physiological circumstances may benefit from higher rates of dietary protein intake. Stable isotope tracer methodology enables a variety of approaches to assessing the optimal dietary protein intake in humans. In this paper, we present an overview of a variety of tracer methods, with a discussion of necessary assumptions, as well as the clinical circumstances in which different methods may be preferable. Although we discuss the nontracer method of nitrogen balance, which has historically been used to estimate dietary protein requirements, this paper primarily focuses on tracer methods for estimating dietary protein and essential amino acid requirements under different physiological conditions. We will explain the following approaches: isotopic measurement of urea production; the arterial-venous tracer balance method; measurement of the fractional synthetic and breakdown rates of muscle protein; the indicator and the direct amino acid oxidation methods; and different approaches to measuring whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed in the context of the optimal approaches for use under different circumstances.
Measurement of lipid flux to advance translational research: evolution of classic methods to the future of precision health
Authors: Salvador Amadeo F. , Shyu Chi-Ren , Parks Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the past 70 years, the study of lipid metabolism has led to important discoveries in identifying the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. Advances in the use of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry in humans have expanded our knowledge of target molecules that contribute to pathologies and lipid metabolic pathways. These advances have been leveraged within two research paths, leading to the ability (1) to quantitate lipid flux to understand the fundamentals of human physiology and pathology and (2) to perform untargeted analyses of human blood and tissues derived from a single timepoint to identify lipidomic patterns that predict disease. This review describes the physiological and analytical parameters that influence these measurements and how these issues will propel the coming together of the two fields of metabolic tracing and lipidomics. The potential of data science to advance these fields is also discussed. Future developments are needed to increase the precision of lipid measurements in human samples, leading to discoveries in how individuals vary in their production, storage, and use of lipids. New techniques are critical to support clinical strategies to prevent disease and to identify mechanisms by which treatments confer health benefits with the overall goal of reducing the burden of human disease.