bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homologous or heterogenous vaccination boosters enhance neutralizing activities against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant
Authors: Zhou Zhongcheng , Du Peng , Li Ning , Xiong Xinxin , Tang Shengjun , Dai Qinjin , Wang Taorui , Yu Meixing , Man Miao , Lam Kelvin , Baptista‐Hon Daniel T. , Tai Wa Hou , Monteiro Olivia , Ng Weng Sam , Lee Un Man , Liu Zhihai , Zhang Kang , Li Gen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant of concern contains more than 30 mutations in the spike protein, with half of these mutations localized in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD). Emerging evidence suggests that these large number of mutations impact the neutralizing efficacy of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. We investigated the relative contributions of spike protein and RBD mutations in Omicron BA.1 variants on infectivity, cell–cell fusion, and their sensitivity to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies or vaccinated sera from individuals who received homologous (CoronaVac, SinoPharm) or heterologous (CoronaVac—BNT162b2, BioNTech) and nonhuman primates that received a recombinant RBD protein vaccine. Our data overall reveal that the mutations in the spike protein reduced infectivity and cell–cell fusion compared to the D614G variant. The impaired infectivity and cell–cell fusion were dependent on non‐RBD mutations. We also find reduced sensitivity to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies and vaccinated sera. However, our results also show that nonhuman primates receiving a recombinant RBD protein vaccine show substantial neutralization activity. Our study sheds light on the molecular differences in neutralizing antibody escape by the Omicron BA.1 variant, and highlights the promise of recombinant RBD vaccines in neutralizing the threat posed by the Omicron BA.1 variant.
Extraction of essential oils from tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) using betaine‐based deep eutectic solvent (DES)
Authors: Mori Natsuki , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe essential oils of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) leaves mainly contain eucalyptol, α‐terpinene,
‐terpinene, and terpinen‐4‐ol and have anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, anti‐infective, and anti‐inflammatory actions. The essential oils of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves mainly contain neral, geranial, and geraniol and have anti‐microbial and anti‐fungal activities and hypocholesterolemic effect.ObjectivesThe present study describes the use of low‐toxicity solvents called betaine‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for efficient extraction of essential oils from tea tree and lemon grass. H2O and EtOH were used for extraction as control methods.MethodologyQuantitative analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in selected ion monitoring mode. Scanning electron micrography (SEM) and antioxidant assays for extracted samples were also conducted.ResultsThe results indicated that extraction for tea tree using betaine/sucrose (molar ratio 2:1) improved the yields of terpinolene and eucalyptol 2.5‐ and 1.9‐fold, respectively, compared with the control method. In lemon grass, extraction using betaine/sucrose (molar ratio 2:1) improved the yields of neral and geranial 1.9‐ and 1.7‐fold, respectively, compared with the control method.ConclusionThese results demonstrated the effective extraction of essential oils from plant leaves under milder conditions than those needed for the conventional methods. The environmentally benign DESs for the extraction would be applicable to the food and cosmetic industries.
Ultrafast Porous Carbon Activation Promises High‐Energy Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Zhedong , Duan Cunpeng , Dou Shuming , Yuan Qunyao , Xu Jie , Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Yanan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivated porous carbons (APCs) are traditionally produced by heat treatment and KOH activation, where the production time can be as long as 2 h, and the produced activated porous carbons suffer from relatively low specific surface area and porosity. In this study, the fast high‐temperature shock (HTS) carbonization and HTS‐KOH activation method to synthesize activated porous carbons with high specific surface area of ≈843 m2 g‐1, is proposed. During the HTS process, the instant Joule heating (at a heating speed of ≈1100 K s‐1) with high temperature and rapid quenching can effectively produce abundant pores with homogeneous size‐distribution due to the instant melt of KOH into small droplets, which facilitates the interaction between carbon and KOH to form controllable, dense, and small pores. The as‐prepared HTS‐APC‐based supercapacitors deliver a high energy density of 25 Wh kg‐1 at a power density of 582 W kg‐1 in the EMIMBF4 ionic liquid. It is believed that the proposed HTS technique has created a new pathway for manufacturing activated porous carbons with largely enhanced energy density of supercapacitors, which can inspire the development of energy storage materials.
A Tandem Interfaced (Ni3S2‐MoS2)@TiO2 Composite Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition as Efficient HER Electrocatalyst
Authors: Guo Daying , Wan Zhixin , Fang Guoyong , Zhu Mengqi , Xi Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReported herein is a highly active and durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, which is constructed following a tandem interface strategy and functional in alkaline and even neutral medium (pH ≈ 7). The ternary composite material, consisting of conductive nickel foam (NF) substrate, Ni3S2‐MoS2 heterostructure, and TiO2 coating, is synthesized by the hydrothermal method and atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Representative results include: (1) versatile characterizations confirm the proposed composite structure and strong electronic interactions among comprised sulfide and oxide species; (2) the material outperforms commercial Pt/C by recording an overpotential of 115 mV and a Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1 under neutral conditions. A long‐term stability in alkaline electrolytes up to 200 h and impressive overall water splitting behavior (1.56 V @ 10 mA cm−2) are documented; (3) implementation of ALD oxide tandem layer is crucial to realize the design concept with superior HER performance by modulating a variety of heterointerface and intermediates electronic structure.
Auswirkungen von imaginiertem Kontakt auf Einstellungen, Vorurteile, Intergruppenangst und Verhaltensabsichten deutscher Studierender gegenüber Gasthörenden mit Geflüchteten-Status
Authors: Genkova Petia , Hasse Louisa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Kapitel stellt eine Querschnittsstudie vor, die den Einfluss von imaginiertem Kontakt auf Einstellungen, Vorurteile, Intergruppenangst und Verhaltensabsichten von deutschen Studierenden (N = 502) gegenüber Gasthörenden mit Geflüchteten Status untersucht. Auf Basis der Kontakthypothese ist anzunehmen, dass imaginierter Kontakt Veränderungen von Einstellungen und Verhaltensabsichten gegenüber Mitgliedern sozialer Outgroups anstoßen kann. Anhand eines Experiments wird die Wirksamkeit des imaginierten Kontaktes mittels Online-Instruktion untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass imaginierter Kontakt einerseits positive Verhaltensabsichten begünstigt andererseits Angst vor unangenehmen Interaktionssituationen, Intergruppenangst, verstärkt. Einstellungen und Vorurteile unterscheiden sich nicht zwischen Experimental- und Kontrollgruppe. Implikationen und Potenziale für weiterführende Forschung werden diskutiert.
Dualities from dualities: the sequential deconfinement technique
Authors: Bottini Lea E. , Hwang Chiung , Pasquetti Sara , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is an interesting question whether a given infra-red duality between quantum field theories can be explained in terms of other more elementary dualities. For example recently it has been shown that mirror dualities can be obtained by iterative applications of Seiberg-like dualities. In this paper we continue this line of investigation focusing on theories with tensor matter. In such cases one can apply the idea of deconfinement, which consists of trading the tensor matter for extra gauge nodes by means of a suitable elementary duality. This gives an auxiliary dual frame which can then be manipulated with further dualizations, in an iterative procedure eventually yielding an interesting dual description of the original theory. The sequential deconfinement technique has avatars in different areas of mathematical physics, such as the study of hypergeometric and elliptic hypergeometric integral identities or of 2d free field correlators. We discuss various examples in the context 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric theories, which are related to elliptic hypergeometric integrals. These include a new self-duality involving a quiver theory which exhibits a non-trivial global symmetry enhancement to E6.
Dark sector as origin of light lepton mass and its phenomenology
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Wei , Obuchi Ryomei , Yagyu Kei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We discuss a model with a dark sector, in which smallness of mass for charged leptons and neutrinos can naturally be explained by one-loop effects mediated by particles in the dark sector. These new particles, including dark matter candidates, also contribute to the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, denoted by (g − 2), for charged leptons. We show that our model can explain the muon (g − 2) anomaly and observed neutrino oscillations under the constraints from lepton flavor violating decays of charged leptons. We illustrate that the scenario with scalar dark matter is highly constrained by direct searches at the LHC, while that with fermionic dark matter allows for considering dark scalars with masses of order 100 GeV. Our scenario can be tested by a precise measurement of the muon Yukawa coupling as well as the direct production of dark scalar bosons at future electron-positron colliders.
One-loop corrections to the spectral action
Authors: van Nuland Teun D. H. , van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyze the perturbative quantization of the spectral action in noncommutative geometry and establish its one-loop renormalizability in a generalized sense, while staying within the spectral framework of noncommutative geometry. Our result is based on the perturbative expansion of the spectral action in terms of higher Yang-Mills and Chern-Simons forms. In the spirit of random noncommutative geometries, we consider the path integral over matrix fluctuations around a fixed noncommutative gauge background and show that the corresponding one-loop counterterms are of the same form so that they can be safely subtracted from the spectral action. A crucial role will be played by the appropriate Ward identities, allowing for a fully spectral formulation of the quantum theory at one loop.
How to classify, diagnose, treat and follow-up extragonadal germ cell tumors? A systematic review of available evidence
Authors: Winter Christian , Zengerling Friedemann , Busch Jonas , Heinzelbecker Julia , Pfister David , Ruf Christian , Lackner Julia , Albers Peter , Kliesch Sabine , Schmidt Stefanie , Bokemeyer Carsten 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To present the current evidence and the development of studies in recent years on the management of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT).

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline and the Cochrane Library. Studies within the search period (January 2010 to February 2021) that addressed the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and follow-up of extragonadal tumors were included. Risk of bias was assessed and relevant data were extracted in evidence tables.

Results
The systematic search identified nine studies. Germ cell tumors (GCT) arise predominantly from within the testis, but about 5% of the tumors are primarily located extragonadal. EGCT are localized primarily mediastinal or retroperitoneal in the midline of the body. EGCT patients are classified according to the IGCCCG classification. Consecutively, all mediastinal non-seminomatous EGCT patients belong to the “poor prognosis” group. In contrast mediastinal seminoma and both retroperitoneal seminoma and non-seminoma patients seem to have a similar prognosis as patients with gonadal GCTs and metastasis at theses respective sites. The standard chemotherapy regimen for patients with a EGCT consists of 3–4 cycles (good vs intermediate prognosis) of bleomycin, etoposid, cisplatin (BEP); however, due to their very poor prognosis patients with non-seminomatous mediastinal GCT should receive a dose-intensified or high-dose chemotherapy approach upfront on an individual basis and should thus be referred to expert centers Ifosfamide may be exchanged for bleomycin in cases of additional pulmonary metastasis due to subsequently planned resections. In general patients with non-seminomatous EGCT, residual tumor resection (RTR) should be performed after chemotherapy.

Conclusion
In general, non-seminomatous EGCT have a poorer prognosis compared to testicular GCT, while seminomatous EGGCT seem to have a similar prognosis to patients with metastatic testicular seminoma. The current insights on EGCT are limited, since all data are mainly based on case series and studies with small patient numbers and non-comparative studies. In general, systemic treatment should be performed like in testicular metastatic GCTs but upfront dose intensification of chemotherapy should be considered for mediastinal non-seminoma patients. Thus, EGCT should be referred to interdisciplinary centers with utmost experience in the treatment of germ cell tumors.
Interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme: Geben Symptome und Zuweisungsweg Auskunft über den Bettenbedarf?
Authors: Völk Stefanie , Koedel Uwe , Pedersen Vera , Weiglein Tobias , Klein Matthias 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das größte Nadelöhr in der Patientenbehandlung in der Notaufnahme ist meist die stationäre Bettenkapazität bei stationärer Aufnahmeindikation des Patienten. Im Gegensatz zu den interdisziplinären Notaufnahmen sind die aufnehmenden Kliniken meist fachspezifisch organisiert. Ziel unserer Studie ist es, den Bedarf an Betten bei Patienten in der zentralen Notaufnahme in Abhängigkeit von Zuweisungsweg und zu Clustern zugeteilten Symptomen zu erfassen.

Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden Daten aller Patienten, die sich innerhalb von drei Jahren in der Notaufnahme am Klinikum Großhadern vorstellten (n = 113.693) analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Die meisten Patienten wurden mit Symptomen aus den Bereichen Innere Medizin (28 %), Unfallchirurgie (24 %) und Neurologie (15 %) behandelt, gefolgt von Allgemeinchirurgie (11 %), HNO (7 %), Urologie (5 %), Orthopädie (5 %), Gynäkologie (3 %) und Neurochirurgie (2 %). Patienten, die über den Rettungsdienst vorgestellt wurden, mussten am häufigsten (67 %) aufgenommen werden, verglichen mit Zuweisungen über niedergelassene Ärzte (47 %) und Selbstzuweisungen (23 %). Am häufigsten stationär und auf Intensivstation aufgenommen wurden zudem Patienten mit Symptomen, die auf ein neurochirurgisches (69 % stationär, davon 12 % auf Intensivstation), internistisches (56 %; 5 %) oder neurologisches (46 %; 4 %) Krankheitsbild hinwiesen.

Diskussion
Unsere Daten legen nahe, dass Zuweisungsweg und fachspezifische Symptomzuordnung bei Patienten einer interdisziplinären Notaufnahme zu einer frühzeitigen Abschätzung der im Verlauf benötigten stationären Ressourcen beitragen können.
A survey on the use of association rules mining techniques in textual social media
Authors: Diaz-Garcia Jose A. , Ruiz M. Dolores , Martin-Bautista Maria J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe incursion of social media in our lives has been much accentuated in the last decade. This has led to a multiplication of data mining tools aimed at obtaining knowledge from these data sources. One of the greatest challenges in this area is to be able to obtain this knowledge without the need for training processes, which requires structured information and pre-labelled datasets. This is where unsupervised data mining techniques come in. These techniques can obtain value from these unstructured and unlabelled data, providing very interesting solutions to enhance the decision-making process. In this paper, we first address the problem of social media mining, as well as the need for unsupervised techniques, in particular association rules, for its treatment. We follow with a broad overview of the applications of association rules in the domain of social media mining, specifically, their application to the problems of mining textual entities, such as tweets. We also focus on the strengths and weaknesses of using association rules for solving different tasks in textual social media. Finally, the paper provides a perspective overview of the challenges that association rules must face in the next decade within the field of social media mining.
The Personal is the Political: Internet Filtering and Counter Appropriation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Wulf Volker , Randall Dave , Aal Konstantin , Rohde Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIssues of trust, privacy and security at the intersection of state intervention and the use of the internet both by ‘publics’ and by individuals for—from the State’s point of view- dispreferred purposes have been of great recent interest to researchers. This has been accompanied by a slowly developing concern for the way in which these issues pan out for people in non-Western cultures. Based on a study of Iranians living in urban centers, we examine the way in which culture, State institutions, technological infrastructure and practices intersect. Iran is a republic with a theocratic constitution and relatively strict regulation of private life. It has one of the highest rates of internet appropriation and social media use in the MENA region, but use is heavily mediated by state interventions, for instance the filtering of sites such as Facebook and Twitter. We show how young Iranians, due to restrictions on their private lives, learn from early age on to deal with illegal access techniques such as proxy servers and virtual private networks (VPNs). These access technologies are often used for private purposes such as contacting and meeting other genders. However, these capabilities become even more important when preparing to leave the country or to articulate their political dissatisfaction, specifically at moments of political unrest. We discuss and develop the concept of ‘counter-appropriation’ and the ‘counter-public’ to describe the practices of urban dwellers in circumventing increasingly more sophisticated intervention by the state security apparatus.
Linguistic Radicalisation of Right-Wing and Salafi Jihadist Groups in Social Media: a Corpus-Driven Lexicometric Analysis
Authors: Müller Pia , Harrendorf Stefan , Mischler Antonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial media groups, for example on Facebook, WhatsApp or Telegram, allow for direct exchange, communication and interaction, as well as networking of different individuals worldwide. Such groups are also used to spread propaganda and thus allow for self-radicalisation or mutual radicalisation of their members. The article reports selected results from a research project analysing online communication processes of extremist groups. Based on data from group discussions in social media, corpus linguistic analyses were carried out, examining quantitative relationships between individual lexical elements and occurring regularities. To this end, four different corpora were built. These consist of data collected in right-wing and Salafi jihadist groups of a low or medium radicalisation level on Facebook and VKontakte via fake profiles, and of group communication in forums, messenger apps and social networks of highly radicalised persons, which were extracted from files of (e.g. terrorism) cases prosecuted in Germany. Quantitative linguistic analyses of social media data continue to be challenging due to the heterogeneity of the data as well as orthographic and grammatical errors. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify phenomenon specific sociolects that point to different levels of linguistic radicalisation. Based on the results of the analyses, the article discusses the prospects, problems and pitfalls of lexicometric analyses of online communication, especially as a tool for understanding radicalisation processes.
Investigation of metal mobility in gold and silver mine tailings by single-step and sequential extractions
Authors: Kumkrong Paramee , Dy Eben , Tyo Daniel D. , Jiang Cindy , Gedara Pihilligawa Indu , Kingston David , Mercier Patrick H. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal leachate from mine tailings has the potential to release toxic metals into the surrounding environment. A single-step extraction procedure mimicking rainwater and a three-step BCR sequential extraction procedure (acid, reducing and oxidizing conditions) were applied to gold (GMT) and silver (SMT) mine tailings. Major (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn) and trace metals were monitored to better understand the mobility and geochemistry of these metals when exposed to various environmental leaching conditions. Rainwater extraction released only small quantities of metals, while the three-step BCR extraction was more effective in mobilizing metals from the tailings. Under the acidic conditions of BCR step 1, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, and Mn were released in high concentrations. The dissolution of Fe, Ca, and Mg were dominant along with Pb in step 2 (reducing conditions). In step 3 (oxidizing conditions), Fe was the most dominant species together with Co, Cu, Ni, and Se. A high fraction of Al, Be, Cr, Li, Mo, Sb, Tl, and V remained in the residue. From SMT, larger quantities of As, Ca, Cd, and Zn were released compared to GMT. The BCR extraction could be applied to tailings to predict the potential release of toxic metals from mine wastes; however, excessive amounts of Ca and Fe in the tailings could cause carry-overs and incomplete extraction and carry-overs, resulting in a misinterpretation of results.
The current state of eDNA research in freshwater ecosystems: are we shifting from the developmental phase to standard application in biomonitoring?
Authors: Schenekar Tamara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has seen a massive increase in application in freshwater systems with a concurrent growth in protocol developments and a drive to gain a better understanding of the ‘ecology’ of eDNA. This raises the question of whether we are currently still in an early, developmental phase of eDNA-based assessments or already transitioning into a more applied stage for biomonitoring. I conducted a systematic literature review on 381 eDNA-focused studies in freshwater systems targeting macro-organisms over the last 5 years, assessing study goals, methods, target systems and taxa and study design aspects. The results show an increase of biomonitoring-focused studies throughout the years, while the fraction of studies investigating the ‘ecology’ of eDNA decreased. The application of metabarcoding significantly increased while studies applying qPCRs tentatively declined. A geographic inequality was observed concerning study numbers and study goals biased towards the global North. Descriptive studies increased, but the fraction of in-field studies and studies applying eDNA and conventional methods combined revealed no trend. These results show a shift towards application-focused work for eDNA-based assessments but also reveal this field to still be developing. In this transitional phase, practitioners need to ensure consistency and data comparability for long-term monitoring programmes.