bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitrogen Atom Introduction on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Covalent Triazine Frameworks: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhao Fei , Shang Qianqian , Zhao Jinsheng , Zhong Xiujuan , Zhang Junhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe construction of high‐performance photocatalyst has always been explored. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially keto‐amine‐linked COFs, have many advantages, such as adjustable bandgaps, π–π stacking structure, excellent response ability to visible light, high specific surface area, high mobility of carrier carriers, good physical and chemical stability, and so on, showing strong potential applications in photocatalytic solar energy conversion and hydrogen production. Two analogous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), T3H‐CTF and T3N‐CTF, have been synthesized via Schiff‐base condensation reactions between 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbalehyde (MOP) and the corresponding triazine‐based aromatic amines under solvothermal condition. For T3N‐CTF, the peripheral aromatic linker to the central triazine unit was the pyridine unit, instead of the benzene unit in the T3H‐CTF unit. T3N‐CTF had a hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 6485.05 μmol g−1 h−1, much higher than that of T3H‐CTF (2028.06 μmol g−1 h−1). Accordingly, T3N‐CTF had a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 12.2 % than that of T3H‐CTF (4.12 %) at 405 nm. The experimental and theoretical results showed that the extended light absorption range, enlarged surface area, and enhanced separation and transportation efficiencies of charge carriers of T3N‐CTF compared with T3H‐CTF were uniformly induced by the introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms into the skeleton of former CTF, which eventually boosted the visible‐light induced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The work suggests a new method for enhancing the intrinsic HER activity by modulating the electronic features of the conjugated COFs by the introduction of pyridinic N atoms.
Comparison of chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assays with suspension tumor cells using plate‐based image cytometry method
Authors: Sun Yu‐Jun , Chen Yi‐Chun , Hua Wei‐Kai , Wu Sareina Chiung‐Yuan , Chan Leo Li‐Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the recent decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has revolutionized strategies for cancer treatments due to its highly effective clinical efficacy and response for B cell malignancies. The success of CAR‐T cell therapy has stimulated the increase in the research and development of various CAR constructs to target different tumor types. Therefore, a robust and efficient in vitro potency assay is needed to quickly identify potential CAR gene design from a library of construct candidates. Image cytometry methodologies have been utilized for various CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assay using different fluorescent labeling methods, mainly due to their ease‐of‐use, ability to capture cell images for verification, and higher throughput performance. In this work, we employed the Celigo Image Cytometer to evaluate and compare two CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assays using GFP‐expressing or fluorescent dye‐labeled myeloma and plasmacytoma cells. The GFP‐based method demonstrated higher sensitivity in detecting CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity when compared to the CMFDA/DAPI viability method. We have established the criteria and considerations for the selection of cytotoxicity assays that are fit‐for‐purpose to ensure the results produced are meaningful for the specific testing conditions.
The value of concurrent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates and needle core biopsies in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA) is highly sensitive and specific in the detection and diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms. EUS‐guided needle core biopsy has been used alone or as an adjunct to maximize diagnostic yield. This study compared the use of FNA versus needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms.MethodsFrom January 1, 2018 through December 21, 2020, the Cytopathology Laboratory processed 374 FNAs from solid pancreatic masses of which 332 (89%) had concurrent pancreatic biopsies and form the basis of this study.ResultsOf the 332 FNAs, 173 (52%) were positive/suspicious for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 33 (10%) were positive for a neoplasm, 20 (6%) were atypical 19 (6%) were negative and 87 (26%) were non‐diagnostic. Biopsies were concordant in 248 (75%) cases and discordant in 84 (25%) cases. Of the 84 discordant cases, 29 (35%) had neoplastic cells on FNA of which 14 were atypical, 11 were negative and 4 were nondiagnostic on core biopsy. Of the 18 (21%) FNAs with atypical cells, 8 showed adenocarcinoma on core biopsy. Thirty‐seven nondiagnostic FNAs showed adenocarcinoma on 25 (70%) core biopsies. If nondiagnostic FNAs were included, FNA sensitivity was 89% and specificity; 100%, and both were 100%, if the nondiagnostic cases were excluded. The needle core biopsy sensitivity was 91% and specificity; 100%.ConclusionBoth FNAs and core biopsies show high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pancreatic neoplasms. However, combining the techniques enhances cellular yields and provides material for ancillary tests.
Latitudinal resource gradient shapes multivariate defense strategies in a long‐lived shrub
Authors: Croy Jordan R. , Pratt Jessica D. , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant defense against herbivores is multidimensional, and investment into different defense traits is intertwined due to genetic, physiological, and ecological costs. This relationship is expected to generate a trade‐off between direct defense and tolerance that is underlain by resource availability, with increasing resources being associated with increased investment in tolerance and decreased investment in direct resistance. We tested these predictions across populations of the shrub Artemisia californica by growing plants sourced from a latitudinal aridity gradient within common gardens located at the southern (xeric) and northern (mesic) portions of its distribution. We measured plant growth rate, resistance via a damage survey, and tolerance to herbivory by experimentally simulating vertebrate herbivory. Plants from more northern (vs. southern) environments were less resistant (received higher percent damage by vertebrate herbivores) and tended to be more tolerant (marginally significant) with respect to change in biomass measured 12 months after simulated vertebrate herbivory. Also, putative growth and defense traits paralleled patterns of resistance and tolerance, such that leaves from northern populations contained lower concentrations of terpenes and increased N, specific leaf area, and % water. Last, plant growth rate did not demonstrate clear clinal patterns, as northern populations (vs. southern populations) grew more slowly in the southern (xeric) garden, but there was no clinal relationship detected in the northern (mesic) garden. Overall, our findings support the prediction of lower resistance and higher tolerance in plant populations adapted to more resource‐rich, mesic environments, but this trade‐off was not associated with concomitant trade‐offs in growth rate. These findings ultimately suggest that plant adaptation to resource availability and herbivory can shape intraspecific variation in multivariate plant defenses.
Transforming land use governance: Global targets without equity miss the mark
Authors: McDermott Constance L. , Montana Jasper , Bennett Aoife , Gueiros Carolina , Hamilton Rachel , Hirons Mark , Maguire‐Rajpaul Victoria A. , Parry Emilie , Picot Laura 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA confluence of concerns about tropical forest loss, global warming, and social inequality drive calls to transform land use governance. Yet there is widespread debate about what must be transformed, by whom, and how. The increasing equation of transformation with ambitious, quantitative global targets, such as “net zero emissions” or “zero deforestation” has gained widespread appeal as a means to inspire action and hold powerful actors to account. However presenting targets themselves as the end goals of transformation, obscures both the means of achieving them and the social and environmental values that legitimate them. The escalation of targets for land use, in particular, is disconnected from targeted geographies, lacks accountability to socially diverse knowledge and priorities, and is readily appropriated by powerful actors at multiple scales. This paper argues instead, for an equity‐based approach to transformation that reveals how unequal power distorts both the ends and the means of global governance. We illustrate this argument with five case‐study “vignettes” in Indonesia, Ghana, Peru, and Brazil that reveal how de‐contextualized, target‐based thinking has reinforced state and corporate control over resources at the expense of local access, while largely failing to deliver the promised environmental outcomes. We conclude that equity‐focused, case study research is critical not only to unpack the local consequences of pursuing global targets, but also to make visible alternative efforts to achieve deeper socio‐environmental transformations.
Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective γ‐Boryl Substitution of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Silyl‐Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Oyama Natsuki , Akiyama Sota , Kubota Koji , Imamoto Tsuneo , Ito Hajime 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAsymmetric γ‐boryl substitution of trifluoromethyl‐ and silyl‐substituted alkenes has been investigated. A variety of substrates were reacted with bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of a copper(I) salt and optically active C1 symmetric QuinoxP*‐type bisphosphine ligand as the catalyst. The optically active silyl‐substituted gem‐difluoroallylboronates products bearing a stereogenic C−B bond, which have never been synthesized before, were obtained in good yield with high enantioselectivity (up to 83 % and up to 86 % ee, respectively). The resulting allylboron compounds undergo a stereoselective allylboration with a range of aldehydes to afford chiral silyl‐ and difluoromethylene‐containing homoallylic alcohols without significant loss in their enantiomeric purity. The resulting silyl groups in the derivatives can serve as cross‐coupling sites, allowing further transformation into structurally complex fluorinated chiral molecules.
Polymer‐Bound Halogen Bonding Organocatalysis**
Authors: Papagna Raffaella , Kutzinski Dana , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNoncovalent organocatalysts utilizing halogen bonding have emerged in the last decade as efficient alternatives to more established hydrogen bonding donors. However, currently they often cannot be recycled and, in some cases, even stoichiometric amounts need to be used. Herein, we present the first generation of recyclable, polymer‐bound halogen bonding catalysts which are able to catalyze a halide‐abstraction reaction. To this end, bis(benzimidazolium)‐based halogen bonding units were attached to a polystyrene polymer, yielding insoluble catalysts. These could be recycled up to three times with little loss in catalytic activity. The overall performance of the catalysts is comparable to that of a free (non‐polymer‐bound) halogen bond donor. Interestingly, catalysts featuring a preorganized and a non‐preorganized halogen bond donating unit showed comparable activity, in contrast to the situation of the free donors. This proof‐of‐principle study provides the basis for further steps towards more sustainable halogen bonding organocatalysts.
Novel Electrochemical Biosensing for Detection of Neglected Tropical Parasites of Animal Origin: Recent Advances
Authors: Gattani Anil , Mandal Sanju , Khan M Hira , Jain Anand , Ceaser Deepika , Mishra Aditya , Tiwari S P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParasitic diseases are among neglected disease of human and animals, especially in tropical and sub tropical regions. In the era of artificial intelligence, the novel biosensing diagnostic platform is needed for an early control measure implementation. This goal can be successfully achieved by onsite application of electrochemical biosensors. They are being developed towards point of care diagnostics; however commercial availability is scanty. The recent developments during last one decade in terms of the electrode surface modification for rapid diagnosis of important emerging/re‐emerging parasites is presented. The information would help future improvement in the electrochemical biosensing of parasites.
Epilepsy and inborn errors of metabolism in adults: The diagnostic odyssey of a young woman with medium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Pondrelli Federica , Licchetta Laura , Minardi Raffaella , Giangregorio Tania , Mostacci Barbara , Muccioli Lorenzo , Di Vito Lidia , Fetta Anna , Barba Carmen , Castioni Carlo Alberto , Bordugo Andrea , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe a case of epileptic encephalopathy in a young woman with undiagnosed medium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), who presented with an early‐onset focal motor status epilepticus (SE) then followed by permanent left hemiplegia and drug‐resistant epilepsy with neurodevelopmental delay. Throughout her clinical history, recurrent episodes of lethargy, feeding difficulties, and clustering seizures occurred, progressing into a super refractory SE and death at the age of 25 years. Although epilepsy is not a distinctive feature of MCADD, we advise considering this metabolic disease as a possible etiology of epileptic encephalopathy and hemiconvulsion‐hemiplegia‐epilepsy syndrome of unknown origin, on the chance to provide a timely and targeted treatment preventing development delay and evolution to SE. Adult patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology not screened at birth for inborn errors of metabolism, such as MCADD, should be promptly investigated for these treatable conditions.
Asymmetric epileptic spasms after corpus callosotomy in children with West syndrome may be a good indicator for unilateral epileptic focus and subsequent resective surgery
Authors: Uchida Daiki , Ono Tomonori , Honda Ryoko , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Toda Keisuke , Baba Shiro , Matsuo Takayuki , Baba Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study was designed to observe differences in ictal movements of epileptic spasm (ES) before and after corpus callosotomy (CC). We hypothesized that asymmetric expression of ES is more clarified after CC and would be a good indicator for the epileptic hemisphere.MethodsWe selected 16 patients with intractable ES in West syndrome who were seizure‐free after CC and subsequent resection or disconnective surgery of the unilateral hemisphere. We retrospectively reviewed their behavioral ES recorded at video‐electroencephalography monitoring before and after CC. Asymmetric neck flexion (NF) and involuntary muscular contraction of the upper and lower extremities (MCU and MCL, respectively) were primarily described correlating their laterality and the responsible hemisphere proved by surgical resection.ResultsAsymmetric NF, MCU, and MCL could be found both before and after CC. However, the percentage of those movements to the total number of ES increased after CC; asymmetric NF, 82.9% vs. 20.1%; unilaterally predominant MCU, 81% vs. 39.3%; and unilaterally predominant MCL, 77.6% vs. 29.9%. Regarding asymmetric NF, the direction in which the neck flexed or the head turned was significantly ipsilateral to the responsible hemisphere in 9 of 12 patients after CC (75%). The predominant side of MCU and MCL were significantly contralateral to the responsible hemisphere in 11 of 11 and 7 of 9 patients (100% and 77.8%, respectively).SignificanceAsymmetric NF, MCU, and MCL were clarified in patients with ES who were successfully treated with CC and subsequent surgery. Those changes in ictal behaviors after CC may indicate the lateralization of epileptic activity and encourage more curative surgical treatment.
Quantifying geomorphological evolution from 10Be denudation rates: Insights from high‐resolution depth profiles, topsoils, and stream sediments (Strengbach CZO, France)
Authors: Ackerer Julien , Van der Woerd Jérôme , Meriaux Anne Sophie , Ranchoux Coralie , Schäfer Gerhard , Delay Frederick , Chabaux François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA rare dataset of in‐situ 10Be from high‐resolution depth profiles, soils, rock outcrops, and stream sediments is combined with geochemical analysis and modelling of regolith evolution to understand the variability of denudation rates in a mountain watershed (Strengbach critical zone observatory). High‐resolution depth profiles are key to detect the presence of mobile regolith and to highlight how it affects the critical zone evolution. The modelling of regolith evolution and 10Be concentrations along depth profiles allow us to estimate both the cosmic ray exposure age (19 kyr) and the mean denudation rate (22 mm kyr−1) of the regolith without any steady‐state assumption on 10Be concentrations. Comparison with maximum denudation rates inferred from topsoil samples collected from the surface of the depth profiles and calculated using the temporal steady‐state assumption of 10Be concentrations highlights an overestimation of denudation by a factor of two. Maximum spatially averaged denudation rates determined from stream sediment samples also likely overestimate denudation rates by a factor of two. These biases are significant for investigating the geomorphological evolution and we propose a method to correct denudation rates using the inherited 10Be concentrations and the cosmic ray exposure age deduced from the high‐resolution depth profiles. A key result is also that a steady state of 10Be concentrations and a steady state of regolith thickness are two different equilibrium states that do not necessarily coincide. The comparison between locally corrected and spatially averaged denudation rates indicates that the watershed geomorphology is not in a topographic steady state but is modulated by regressive fluvial erosion. Nonetheless, our study demonstrates that even in a watershed where the steady‐state assumption of 10Be concentrations is not verified, the spatial variations of in‐situ 10Be concentrations in sediments still carry qualitatively relevant information on the geomorphological evolution of landscapes.
Electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric proximity
Authors: Su Lei , Yang Fan , Shen Yu , Yang Zhichun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt present, there are some problems in the research of electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings, such as the evaluation index is relatively single and the fuzziness of evaluation state boundary is not considered. This study proposed an electrical fire risk assessment method of high‐rise buildings based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric proximity. Based on the occurrence mechanism of electrical fire in high‐rise buildings, a four‐level evaluation index system considering disaster causing body, fire site environment, affected body and fire driving factors is established based on FP growth (Frequent Pattern Tree Growth) mining association rules, and the risk grade is divided further. An improved index weight assignment method for balancing the interaction relationship between indexes is proposed, and a hybrid decision‐making model for electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings is established. Combined with specific examples, the effectiveness of the proposed building electrical fire risk assessment method is verified. The weight standard deviation of the proposed method is 0.0464, which is about 13.8% smaller than that of analytic hierarchy process (0.0528). So the method can better balance each risk evaluation index, fully consider the fuzziness and randomness in the electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings, and improve the accuracy and applicability of electrical fire risk assessment.
Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard
Authors: Zhang Jiaqing , Guo Yi , Yang Tianqi , Chen Qingtao , Luo Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransformer insulating paperboard is an insulating material commonly used in the oil‐filled equipment in substations, which is usually immersed in the transformer oil. In this study, the effects of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard are studied using the thermogravimetric, UL94 vertical flammability, and cone calorimeter experiments. The experimental results show that the total oil content increases with increasing immersion time and reaches the saturation state in 240 h, with a saturation content of 14.7% ± 0.5%. However, the distribution of oil content inside the paperboard is uneven. At the saturation state, the surface oil content is 35.5%, being about 3 times of the core oil content. The results of UL94 vertical flammability experiments show that the flame spread rate increases with increasing immersion time and is controlled by the total oil content. In the cone calorimeter experiments, the time to ignition is significantly reduced compared to the clean paperboard. Unlike the flame spread rate, the ignition time is controlled by the surface oil content and barely varies with immersion time. The critical heat flux of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard is found as 3.9 kW/m2, being only 1/3 of clean paperboard. With increasing immersion time, the peak heat release rate increases, while the total heat release, fire growth index, and effective heat of combustion present linear correlations with the total oil content. The CO yield increases with increasing immersion time, and the released CO mainly comes from the combustion of transformer oil.
SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection across a spectrum of immunological states
Authors: McKittrick Justine M. , Burke Thomas W. , Petzold Elizabeth , Sempowski Gregory D. , Denny Thomas N. , Polage Christopher R. , Tsalik Ephraim L. , McClain Micah T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeSeveral cases of symptomatic reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) after full recovery from a prior episode have been reported. As reinfection has become an increasingly common phenomenon, an improved understanding of the risk factors for reinfection and the character and duration of the serological responses to infection and vaccination is critical for managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsWe described four cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in individuals representing a spectrum of healthy and immunocompromised states, including (1) a healthy 41‐year‐old pediatrician, (2) an immunocompromised 31‐year‐old with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, (3) a healthy 26‐year‐old pregnant woman, and (4) a 50‐year‐old with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. We performed confirmatory quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and qualitative immunoglobulin M and quantitative IgG testing on all available patient samples to confirm the presence of infection and serological response to infection.ResultsOur analysis showed that patients 1 and 2, a healthy and an immunocompromised patient, both failed to mount a robust serologic response to the initial infection. In contrast, patients 3 and 4, with minimal comorbid disease, both mounted a strong serological response to their initial infection, but were still susceptible to reinfection.ConclusionRepeat episodes of COVID‐19 are capable of occurring in patients regardless of the presence of known risk factors for infection or level of serological response to infection, although this did not trigger critical illness in any instance.