bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum power point tracking using decision-tree machine-learning algorithm for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Mahesh P Venkata , Meyyappan S , Alla RamaKoteswara Rao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work presents a machine-learning (ML) algorithm for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of an isolated photovoltaic (PV) system. Due to the dynamic nature of weather conditions, the energy generation of PV systems is non-linear. Since there is no specific method for effectively dealing with the non-linear data, the use of ML methods to operate the PV system at its maximum power point (MPP) is desirable. A strategy based on the decision-tree (DT) regression ML algorithm is proposed in this work to determine the MPP of a PV system. The data were gleaned from the technical specifications of the PV module and were used to train and test the DT. These algorithms predict the maximum power available and the associated voltage of the module for a defined amount of irradiance and temperature. The boost converter duty cycle was determined using predicted values. The simulation was carried out for a 10-W solar panel with a short-circuit current of 0.62 A and an open-circuit voltage of 21.50 V at 1000 W/m2 irradiance and a temperature of 25°C. The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed method compelled the PV panel to work at the MPP predicted by DTs compared to the existing topologies such as β-MPPT, cuckoo search and artificial neural network results. From the proposed algorithm, efficiency has been improved by &gt;93.93% in the steady state despite erratic irradiance and temperatures.
The effect of temperature on specific dynamic action of juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Authors: Lo Vanessa K , Martin Benjamin T , Danner Eric M , Cocherell Dennis E , Cech, Jr Joseph J , Fangue Nann A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJuvenile fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Basin experience temporally and spatially heterogenous temperature regimes, between cool upper tributaries and the warm channelized Delta, during freshwater rearing and outmigration. Limited water resources necessitate human management of dam releases, allowing temperature modifications. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on specific dynamic action (SDA), or the metabolic cost associated with feeding and digestion, which is thought to represent a substantial portion of fish energy budgets. Measuring SDA with respect to absolute aerobic scope (AAS), estimated by the difference between maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and standard metabolic rate (SMR), provides a snapshot of its respective energy allocation. Fish were acclimated to 16°C, raised or lowered to each acute temperature (13°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C or 24°C), then fed a meal of commercial pellets weighing 2% of their wet mass. We detected a significant positive effect of temperature on SMR and MMR, but not on AAS. As expected, there was no significant effect of temperature on the total O2 cost of digestion, but unlike other studies, we did not see a significant difference in duration, peak metabolic rate standardized to SMR, time to peak, percent of meal energy utilized, nor the ratio of peak O2 consumption to SMR. Peak O2 consumption represented 10.4–14.5% of AAS leaving a large amount of aerobic capacity available for other activities, and meal energy utilized for digestion ranged from 5.7% to 7.2%, leaving substantial remaining energy to potentially assimilate for growth. Our juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon exhibited thermal stability in their SDA response, which may play a role in maintaining homeostasis of digestive capability in a highly heterogeneous thermal environment where rapid growth is important for successful competition with conspecifics and for avoiding predation.
Efficacy of pressure gradient measurement using peripheral fractional flow reserve in common femoral artery: a case report
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Okabe Hiroki , Doi Hideki , Kataoka Masaharu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is usually diagnosed by physiological assessments, such as the ankle brachial index (ABI) or peak systolic velocity (PSV) on ultrasonography. We examined peripheral fractional flow reserve (pFFR: distal mean pressure divided by proximal mean pressure) measured by a pressure wire and pressure gradient to diagnose PAD patients who do not have lowered ABI or high PSV on ultrasonography.

Case summary
An 84-year-old woman with intermittent claudication in her left leg had severe calcification in the left common femoral artery (CFA) on angiography. The exercise-stress ABI of pre-endovascular therapy (EVT) was 1.05/0.98. In addition, the PSV of the left CFA on ultrasonography was 230 cm/s. However, the pFFR using papaverine and alprostadil in the left CFA was 0.86, which was a significant score. In addition, the systolic pressure gradient between the distal and proximal regions was &gt;20 mmHg. We performed EVT for the lesion, and the pFFR improved to 0.96. The systolic pressure gradient was only 1 mmHg at the lesion.

Discussion
Symptomatic PAD patients whose ABI or PSV on ultrasonography is insufficient for EVT could be diagnosed with ischaemia using a pressure gradient and pFFR.
Multi-imaging evaluation and long-term outcome of a patient with chest pain and an anomalous right coronary artery arising from pulmonary artery: a case report
Authors: Scordino Domenico , Venturi Gabriele , Nudi Francesco , Tomai Fabrizio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Anomalous right coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a rare coronary anomaly. Adult patients usually present with few symptoms due to extensive collateral network from left coronary artery, with little/absent symptoms. Few data exist regarding surgical vs. conservative strategy for paucisymptomatic cases. Moreover, consensus is lacking.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 52-year-old male patient with undiagnosed ARCAPA, who acceded to our emergency department with suspected acute myocardial infarction and was discharged with medical therapy after demonstration of mild ischaemia at myocardial perfusion imaging with dipyridamole and bicycle exercise test.

Discussion
The patient completed 2-year event-free follow up. After complete imaging assessment and thorough clinical evaluation, medical management could be regarded as valid alternative to surgery for paucisymptomatic ARCAPA patients with evidence of limited ischaemia.
Anomalous connection of the circumflex coronary artery to the pulmonary trunk in a patient with Taussig–Bing anomaly: a case report
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Rammeloo Lukas A J , Jongbloed Monique R M , Hazekamp Mark G , van der Palen Roel L F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronary anomalies are present in one-third of all patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and have been associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes after the arterial switch operation. Therefore, knowledge about coronary anatomy remains key.

Case summary
A 5-day-old girl with prenatal diagnosis of Taussig–Bing anomaly (double outlet right ventricle with TGA and large subpulmonary ventricular septal defect) along with aortic arch hypoplasia and coarctation of the aorta underwent the arterial switch operation with closure of the ventricular septal defect and aortic arch repair. On preoperative echocardiography, the right (R) and left coronary artery (LCx) connected both to aortic sinus 1, suggesting 1RLCx coronary anatomy according to the Leiden Convention coronary coding system. However, intraoperative inspection led to a reclassification of the coronary anatomy: the right coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery connected to aortic sinus 1 (1RL) as had been observed on echocardiography, but—remarkably—the circumflex coronary artery (Cx) connected to the posterior sinus of the pulmonary trunk. As a consequence, cardioplegia was administered into both the aortic and pulmonary roots, and the circumflex coronary artery could stay in its native position without having to be transferred during the arterial switch operation.

Discussion
Various disruptions during embryological development can lead to unusual coronary anatomy in TGA patients. While anomalous connection of a coronary artery to the pulmonary trunk remains exceedingly rare, care should be taken to identify this pattern when present as failure to do so may result in adverse outcomes.
Ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: 20-year trends in the FAST-MI study
Authors: Garcia Rodrigue , Marijon Eloi , Karam Nicole , Narayanan Kumar , Anselme Frédéric , Césari Olivier , Champ-Rigot Laure , Manenti Vladimir , Martins Raphael , Puymirat Etienne , Ferrières Jean , Schiele François , Simon Tabassome , Danchin Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Sudden cardiac arrest remains a major complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is frequently related to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Incidence and impact of VF among patients hospitalized for AMI were evaluated.

Methods and results
Data from the FAST-MI programme consisting of 5 French nationwide prospective cohort studies between 1995 and 2015 were analysed, totally including 14 423 patients with AMI (66 ± 14 years, 72% males, 59% ST-elevation myocardial infarction). Overall, proportion of patients presenting in-hospital VF decreased from 3.9% in 1995 to 1.8% in 2015 (P &lt; 0.001). One-year mortality decreased from 60.7% to 24.6% (P &lt; 0.001). However, compared with patients who did not develop VF, the over-risk of 1-year mortality associated with VF was stable over time [hazard ratio (HR) 6.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.03–9.14 in 1995 and HR 6.64, 95% CI 4.20–10.49 in 2015, P = 0.52]. This increased mortality in the VF group was mainly related to fatal events occurring prior to hospital discharge, representing 86.2% of 1-year mortality, despite the very low rate of implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the VF group (2.6%).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that in-hospital VF incidence and mortality in the setting of AMI have significantly decreased over the past 20 years. Nevertheless, VF remained steadily associated with approximately a 10-fold increased relative risk of in-hospital mortality, without an impact on post-discharge mortality. Beyond long-term cardiac defibrillation strategy, these results emphasize the need to identify in-hospital interventions to further reduce mortality in VF patients.

Study registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00673036, NCT01237418, NCT02566200
Detection of skin defects on loquat using hyperspectral imaging combining both band radio and improved three-phase level set segmentation method
Authors: Han Zhaoyang , Li Bin , Wang Qiu , Sun Zhaoxiang , Liu Yande 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesSkin defects are one of the primary problems that occur in post-harvest grading and processing of loquats. Skin defects lead to the loquat being easily destroyed during transportation and storage, which causes the risk of other loquats being infected, affecting the selling price.Materials and MethodsIn this paper, a method combining band radio image with an improved three-phase level set segmentation algorithm (ITPLSSM) is proposed to achieve high accuracy, rapid, and non-destructive detection of skin defects of loquats. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the characteristic wavelength and PC images to distinguish four types of skin defects. The best band ratio image based on characteristic wavelength was determined.ResultsThe band ratio image (Q782/944) based on PC2 image is the best segmented image. Based on pseudo-color image enhancement, morphological processing, and local clustering criteria, the band ratio image (Q782/944) has better contrast between defective and normal areas in loquat. Finally, the ITPLSSM was used to segment the processing band ratio image (Q782/944), with an accuracy of 95.28%.ConclusionsThe proposed ITPLSSM method is effective in distinguishing four types of skin defects. Meanwhile, it also effectively segments images with intensity inhomogeneities.
Risk Analysis for Quality Control Part 1: The Impact of Transition Assumptions in the Parvin Model
Authors: Schmidt Robert L , Moore Ryleigh A , Walker Brandon S , Rudolf Joseph W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Setting quality control (QC) limits involves balancing the risk of false-positive results and false-negative results. Recent approaches to QC have focused on the assessment of false-negative results. The Parvin model is the most-used model for risk analysis. The Parvin model assumes that the system makes a transition from an in-control to an out-of-control (OOC) state but makes no further transitions after moving to the OOC state. The implications of this assumption are unclear.

Methods
We used simulation experiments to compare the performance of QC systems based on no OOC transitions allowed (NOOCTA) vs systems where OOC transitions were allowed (OOCTA).

Results
The NOOCTA assumption leads to paradoxical tradeoff curves between false-positive results and false-negative results. Predictions of a false-negative result based on NOOCTA were about 10 times lower than models based on OOCTA.

Conclusions
The most common models for QC risk analysis underestimate false-negative results. There is a need to develop better risk-based methods for QC analysis.
A framework for a consistent and reproducible evaluation of manual review for patient matching algorithms
Authors: Gupta Agrayan K , Kasthurirathne Suranga N , Xu Huiping , Li Xiaochun , Ruppert Matthew M , Harle Christopher A , Grannis Shaun J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Healthcare systems are hampered by incomplete and fragmented patient health records. Record linkage is widely accepted as a solution to improve the quality and completeness of patient records. However, there does not exist a systematic approach for manually reviewing patient records to create gold standard record linkage data sets. We propose a robust framework for creating and evaluating manually reviewed gold standard data sets for measuring the performance of patient matching algorithms. Our 8-point approach covers data preprocessing, blocking, record adjudication, linkage evaluation, and reviewer characteristics. This framework can help record linkage method developers provide necessary transparency when creating and validating gold standard reference matching data sets. In turn, this transparency will support both the internal and external validity of recording linkage studies and improve the robustness of new record linkage strategies.
Persistently High Rates of Abdominal Computed Tomography Imaging Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Who Present to the Emergency Department
Authors: Kandel Rana , Merlano, Maria , Tan Pearl , Brar Gurmun , Mallick Ranjeeta , Macdonald Blair , Dubé Catherine , Murthy Sanjay , Stiell Ian , McCurdy Jeffery D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent guidelines recommended judicious use of abdominal computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED) for inflammatory bowel disease. Trends in CT utilization over the last decade, including since the implementation of these guidelines, remain unknown.MethodsWe performed a single-centre, retrospective study between 2009 and 2018 to assess trends in CT utilization within 72 h of an ED encounter. Changes in the annual rates of CT imaging among adults with IBD were estimated by Poisson regression and CT findings by Cochran-Armitage or Cochran-Mantel Haenszel tests.ResultsA total of 3000 abdominal CT studies were performed among 14,783 ED encounters. CT utilization increased annually by 2.7% in Crohn’s disease (CD) (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 4.3; P = 0.0004), 4.2% in ulcerative colitis (UC) (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.7; P = 0.0009) and 6.3% in IBD unclassifiable (95% CI, 2.5 to 10.0; P = 0.0011). Among encounters with gastrointestinal symptoms, 60% with CD and 33% with UC underwent CT imaging in the final year of the study. Urgent CT findings (obstruction, phlegmon, abscess or perforation) and urgent penetrating findings alone (phlegmon, abscess or perforation) comprised 34% and 11% of CD findings, and 25% and 6% of UC findings, respectively. The CT findings remained stable overtime for both CD (P = 0.13) and UC (P = 0.17).ConclusionOur study demonstrated persistently high rates of CT utilization among patients with IBD who presented to the ED over the last decade. Approximately one third of scans demonstrated urgent findings, with a minority demonstrating urgent penetrating findings. Future studies should aim to identify patients in whom CT imaging is most appropriate.
From ‘Capture to Courtroom’
Authors: Koenig Alexa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a profound shift in the documentation of war crimes and other serious international crimes. Whereas evidence collection has traditionally been conducted by legally mandated investigators, and focused on interviewing witnesses as well as gathering and preserving physical and documentary evidence, conventional forms of fact-gathering are now being supplemented by abundant digital documentation gathered by a dispersed network of individuals and organizations that represent a broad array of disciplines. This shift has been facilitated by two important developments: first, a transition in modes of information sharing from analogue to digital sources, including from older generation technologies like the telephone and fax to online platforms like TikTok and Telegram. Secondly, an increased understanding that digital documentation requires both a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to data collection, storage, processing, analysis and presentation. In this comment, I outline the many investigative stages in which cross-organizational and multi-disciplinary collaboration are taking place, both informally and formally; briefly discuss some of the weaknesses and strengths of such collaborations; and explore what these changes mean for international criminal justice more generally.
The Phonology of the Judaeo-Arabic Dialect of Gabes (Southern Tunisia)
Authors: Gʁbski Wiktor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a phonological analysis of a hitherto unexamined endangered Arabic dialect, that of the Jews of Gabes in Southern Tunisia, combining a comparative examination of various phonological phenomena in selected Arabic dialects of the region. The primary aim of the study is to establish the features distinguishing Jewish Gabes from other Jewish North-African dialects, and, since no south- Tunisian Jewish dialect has been studied to date, to produce a thorough analysis of the sound system of this variety. Special attention was paid to the alternations of sibilants in the region, which distinguish North-African Arabic from the dialects spoken East of Egypt. Moreover, this article constitutes the very first attempt at acoustic analysis of the emphatics and vowels in North-African Arabic. Based on the data obtained by means of the Praat software, it has been shown that the emphatic consonants in Jewish Gabes have different levels of spreadability.
ChemFOnt: the chemical functional ontology resource
Authors: Wishart David S , Girod Sagan , Peters Harrison , Oler Eponine , Jovel Juan , Budinski Zachary , Milford Ralph , Lui Vicki W , Sayeeda Zinat , Mah Robert , Wei William , Badran Hasan , Lo Elvis , Yamamoto Mai , Djoumbou-Feunang Yannick , Karu Naama , Gautam Vasuk 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Chemical Functional Ontology (ChemFOnt), located at https://www.chemfont.ca, is a hierarchical, OWL-compatible ontology describing the functions and actions of &gt;341 000 biologically important chemicals. These include primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, natural products, food chemicals, synthetic food additives, drugs, herbicides, pesticides and environmental chemicals. ChemFOnt is a FAIR-compliant resource intended to bring the same rigor, standardization and formal structure to the terms and terminology used in biochemistry, food chemistry and environmental chemistry as the gene ontology (GO) has brought to molecular biology. ChemFOnt is available as both a freely accessible, web-enabled database and a downloadable Web Ontology Language (OWL) file. Users may download and deploy ChemFOnt within their own chemical databases or integrate ChemFOnt into their own analytical software to generate machine readable relationships that can be used to make new inferences, enrich their omics data sets or make new, non-obvious connections between chemicals and their direct or indirect effects. The web version of the ChemFOnt database has been designed to be easy to search, browse and navigate. Currently ChemFOnt contains data on 341 627 chemicals, including 515 332 terms or definitions. The functional hierarchy for ChemFOnt consists of four functional ‘aspects’, 12 functional super-categories and a total of 173 705 functional terms. In addition, each of the chemicals are classified into 4825 structure-based chemical classes. ChemFOnt currently contains 3.9 million protein-chemical relationships and ∼10.3 million chemical-functional relationships. The long-term goal for ChemFOnt is for it to be adopted by databases and software tools used by the general chemistry community as well as the metabolomics, exposomics, metagenomics, genomics and proteomics communities.
Structure and mechanism of the type I-G CRISPR effector
Authors: Shangguan Qilin , Graham Shirley , Sundaramoorthy Ramasubramanian , White Malcolm F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type I CRISPR systems are the most common CRISPR type found in bacteria. They use a multisubunit effector, guided by crRNA, to detect and bind dsDNA targets, forming an R-loop and recruiting the Cas3 enzyme to facilitate target DNA destruction, thus providing immunity against mobile genetic elements. Subtypes have been classified into families A-G, with type I-G being the least well understood. Here, we report the composition, structure and function of the type I-G Cascade CRISPR effector from Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus, revealing key new molecular details. The unique Csb2 subunit processes pre-crRNA, remaining bound to the 3′ end of the mature crRNA, and seven Cas7 subunits form the backbone of the effector. Cas3 associates stably with the effector complex via the Cas8g subunit and is important for target DNA recognition. Structural analysis by cryo-Electron Microscopy reveals a strikingly curved backbone conformation with Cas8g spanning the belly of the structure. These biochemical and structural insights shed new light on the diversity of type I systems and open the way to applications in genome engineering.