bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk According to Body Mass Index in Women of Reproductive Age With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhuang Chenchen , Luo Xufei , Wang Wenjuan , Sun Runmin , Qi Miaomiao , Yu Jing 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that affects women of reproductive age. The association between PCOS and cardiovascular risk according to body mass index (BMI) categories is unclear.ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between cardiovascular risk according to BMI categories and PCOS in women of reproductive age.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases from their inception to 9 September, 2021. Observational cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective controlled studies were included. The main analyses examined the relationship between cardiovascular risks (i.e., blood pressure and lipid levels) and BMI in women of reproductive age with PCOS.ResultsThirty-eight studies, with a total of 6,078 subjects, were included in this metaanalysis. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in women of reproductive age with PCOS. Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): −0.21 (−0.35, −0.08), p = 0.002], higher triglycerides [SMD (95% CI): 0.38 (0.29, 0.48), p &lt; 0.001], higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.29 (0.20, 0.39), p &lt; 0.001], higher nonHDL-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.42 (0.31, 0.52), p &lt; 0.001] and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) [MD (95% CI): 0.03 (0.02, 0.04), p &lt; 0.001] were seen in women of reproductive age with PCOS. In addition, the subgroup analysis revealed that systolic BP and HDL-cholesterol increased at BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 and BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Diastolic BP increased at BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, nonHDL-cholesterol, and WHR increased in all BMI categories.ConclusionsPCOS is associated with cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels and BP increased in women of reproductive age with PCOS, regardless of BMI.Systematic Review RegistrationOpen Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/92NBY).
Pressure-Natriuresis Response Is Diminished in Old Age
Authors: Kim Yang Gyun , Moon Ju-Young , Oh Bermseok , Chin Ho Jun , Kim Dong Ki , Park Jung Hwan , Shin Sung Joon , Choi Bum Soon , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Sang Ho 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAge-related alterations in renal sodium handling affect blood pressure (BP). We aimed to clarify whether the pressure-natriuresis response changes with age, leading to BP elevation.MethodsA total of 4,859 participants with normal renal function from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and 235 patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the ESPECIAL trial were included and divided into the younger and older groups. In ESPECIAL, participants took olmesartan from weeks 0 to 16 and were educated about a low-salt diet (LSD) from weeks 8 to 16.ResultsIn both studies, older participants showed lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine concentration index and higher albuminuria. In KoGES, BP was higher and urine sodium was lower in older participants. In ESPECIAL, diastolic BP at 0 week was lower in older participants. Olmesartan reduced BP in both groups, whereas LSD decreased systolic BP only in older participants. Urine sodium increased in younger participants but decreased in older participants after olmesartan use. In KoGES, urine sodium was correlated with BP in both groups after adjusting for age, sex, and eGFR; however, the correlation coefficient was lower in older participants. In ESPECIAL, only younger participants showed a significant positive association between systolic BP and urine sodium in multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsThe pressure-natriuresis response was diminished in older participants with or without CKD.
Assessment of Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine: In Vivo Quantitative MR Imaging of Collagen Bound Water in Trabecular Bone
Authors: Liu Jin , Liao Jian-Wei , Li Wei , Chen Xiao-Jun , Feng Jia-Xin , Yao Lin , Huang Pan-Hui , Su Zhi-Hai , Lu Hai , Liao Yu-Ting , Li Shao-Lin , Ma Ya-Jun 
Published: February 2022

AimBone collagen matrix makes a crucial contribution to the mechanical properties of bone by imparting tensile strength and elasticity. The collagen content of bone is accessible via quantification of collagen bound water (CBW) indirectly. We prospectively study the performance of the CBW proton density (CBWPD) measured by a 3D short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort echo time (STAIR-UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in human lumbar spine.MethodsA total of 189 participants with a mean age of 56 (ranged from 50 to 86) years old were underwent MRI, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in lumbar spine. Major fracture risk was also evaluated for all participants using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). Lumbar CBWPD, bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF), bone mineral density (BMD) and T score values were calculated in three vertebrae (L2–L4) for each subject. Both the CBWPD and BMFF were correlated with BMD, T score, and FRAX score for comparison. The abilities of the CBWPD and BMFF to discriminate between three different cohorts, which included normal subjects, patients with osteopenia, and patients with osteoporosis, were also evaluated and compared using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe CBWPD showed strong correlation with standard BMD (R2 = 0.75, P &lt; 0.001) and T score (R2 = 0.59, P &lt; 0.001), as well as a moderate correlation with FRAX score (R2 = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001). High area under the curve (AUC) values (≥ 0.84 using QCT as reference; ≥ 0.76 using DXA as reference) obtained from ROC analysis demonstrated that the CBWPD was capable of well differentiating between the three different subject cohorts. Moreover, the CBWPD had better correlations with BMD, T score, and FRAX score than BMFF, and also performed better in cohort discrimination.ConclusionThe STAIR-UTE-measured CBWPD is a promising biomarker in the assessment of bone quality and fracture risk.
Dulung Proglacial Lake, Suru Sub-Basin, Western Himalaya: Evolution, Controls and Impacts on Glacier Stability
Authors: Garg Siddhi , Garg Purushottam Kumar , Yousuf Bisma , Shukla Aparna , Shukla Uma Kant 
Published: February 2022

Proglacial lakes are continually developing and expanding across the Himalayan glaciered terrain in response to climate change. These lakes are known to destabilize the glaciers by enhancing their frontal ablation, causing higher than average glacier area and mass losses. Thus, to comprehend the dynamics of proglacial lakes and their influence on the overall glacier health, we study the lake-terminating Dulung Glacier located in the Suru sub-basin, Ladakh, western Himalaya and compare it with the adjacent land-terminating Chilung Glacier. The pronounced melting of the Dulung Glacier, supported by glacier topography (surface gradient between accumulation and ablation zone) and valley morphology (wider near the snout and narrower downwards), seems to be the prime reason for the formation, accommodation and sustenance of the proglacial lake. The expansion in proglacial lake (.008 km2a−1) during 1977–2018 is accompanied by an enhanced degeneration of the Dulung Glacier (mass balance: −.47 ± .06 m w.e.a−1, shrinkage rate: .3 ± .001% a−1; retreat rate: 32 ± .7 ma−1, surface ice velocity reduction: 16%), which has accelerated post-1993. In comparison, land-terminating Chilung Glacier shows lower degeneration rates (mass balance: −.28 ± .02 m w.e.a−1; shrinkage rate: .2 ± .001% a−1; retreat rate: 17 ± 0.7 ma−1, surface ice velocity reduction: 8%) during 1971–2018. This suggests a substantial impact of the proglacial lake in enhancing the Dulung Glacier’s sensitivity towards climate change compared to the Chilung Glacier. If the current rate of lake expansion continues, it would further enhance the Dulung Glaciers’ degeneration rates, thus impacting its stability.
Early Brain microRNA/mRNA Expression is Region-Specific After Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in a Mouse Model
Authors: Peeples Eric S. , Sahar Namood-e , Snyder William , Mirnics Karoly 
Published: February 2022

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be promising therapeutic targets for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) but targeting miRNA-based therapy will require more precise understanding of endogenous brain miRNA expression.Methods: Postnatal day 9 mouse pups underwent HIBI by unilateral carotid ligation + hypoxia or sham surgery. Next-generation miRNA sequencing and mRNA Neuroinflammation panels were performed on ipsilateral cortex, striatum/thalamus, and cerebellum of each group at 30 min after injury. Targeted canonical pathways were predicted by KEGG analysis.Results: Sixty-one unique miRNAs showed differential expression (DE) in at least one region; nine in more than one region, including miR-410-5p, -1264-3p, 1298-5p, -5,126, and -34b-3p. Forty-four mRNAs showed DE in at least one region; 16 in more than one region. MiRNAs showing DE primarily targeted metabolic pathways, while mRNAs targeted inflammatory and cell death pathways. Minimal miRNA-mRNA interactions were seen at 30 min after HIBI.Conclusion: This study identified miRNAs that deserve future study to assess their potential as therapeutic targets in neonatal HIBI. Additionally, the differences in miRNA expression between regions suggest that future studies assessing brain miRNA expression to guide therapy development should consider evaluating individual brain regions rather than whole brain to ensure the sensitivity needed for the development of targeted therapies.
The Risk of Adverse Effects of TNF-α Inhibitors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Bei , Li Yun , Luo Wen-wen , Cheng Xuan , Xiang Huai-rong , Zhang Qi-zhi , He Jie , Peng Wen-xing 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety of each anti-TNF therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and then make the best choice in clinical practice.MethodsWe searched PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The deadline for retrieval is August 2021. The ORs, Confidence Intervals (CIs), and p values were calculated by STATA.16.0 software for assessment.Result72 RCTs involving 28332 subjects were included. AEs were more common with adalimumab combined disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) compared with placebo (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.42), DMARDs (1.28, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.52), etanercept combined DMARDs (1.32, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.67); certolizumab combined DMARDs compared with placebo (1.63, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.46), DMARDs (1.30, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.54), etanercept combined DMARDs (1.34, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.70). In SAEs, comparisons between treatments showed adalimumab (0.20, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.59), etanercept combined DMARDs (0.39, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.96), golimumab (0.19, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.77), infliximab (0.15, 95% CI: 0.03,0.71) decreased the risk of SAEs compared with golimumab combined DMARDs. In infections, comparisons between treatments showed adalimumab combined DMARDs (0.59, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.95), etanercept (0.49, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.88), etanercept combined DMARDs (0.56, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.91), golimumab combined DMARDs (0.51, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.83) decreased the risk of infections compared with infliximab combined DMARDs. No evidence indicated that the use of TNF-α inhibitors influenced the risk of serious infections, malignant tumors.ConclusionIn conclusion, we regard etanercept monotherapy as the optimal choice for RA patients in clinical practice when the efficacy is similar. Conversely, certolizumab + DMARDs therapy is not recommended.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier PROSPERO CRD42021276176.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated With Reduced Left Atrial Strain Measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wester Michael , Pec Jan , Lebek Simon , Fisser Christoph , Debl Kurt , Hamer Okka , Poschenrieder Florian , Buchner Stefan , Maier Lars S. , Arzt Michael , Wagner Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AimsSleep disordered breathing (SDB) is known to cause left atrial (LA) remodeling. However, the relationship between SDB severity and LA dysfunction is insufficiently understood and may be elucidated by detailed feature tracking (FT) strain analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance images (CMR). After myocardial infarction (MI), both the left ventricle and atrium are subjected to increased stress which may be substantially worsened by concomitant SDB that could impair consequential healing. We therefore analyzed atrial strain in patients at the time of acute MI and 3 months after.Methods and Results40 patients with acute MI underwent CMR and polysomnography (PSG) within 3–5 days after MI. Follow-up was performed 3 months after acute MI. CMR cine data were analyzed using a dedicated FT software. Atrial strain (ε) and strain rate (SR) for atrial reservoir ([εs]; [SRs]), conduit ([εe]; [SRe]) and booster function ([εa]; [SRa]) were measured in two long-axis views. SDB was defined by an apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) ≥15/h. Interestingly, LA εs and εe were significantly reduced in patients with SDB and correlated negative with AHI as a measure of SDB severity at both baseline and follow-up. Intriguingly, patients that exhibited a reduced AHI at follow-up were more likely to have developed improved atrial reservoir and conduit strain (linear regression, p=0.08 for εs and εe). Patients with improved SDB (ΔAHI &lt; −5/h) exhibited a mean improvement of LA reservoir strain of +7.2 ± 8.4% whereas patients with SDB deterioration (ΔAHI&gt; + 5/h) showed a mean decrease of −5.3 ± 11.0% (p = 0.0131). Similarly, the difference for LA conduit function was +4.8 ± 5.9% (ΔAHI &lt; −5/h) vs −3.6 ± 8.8% (ΔAHI&gt; +5/h). Importantly, conventional volumetric parameters for atrial function (LA area, LA volume index) did not correlate with AHI at baseline or follow-up.ConclusionOur results show that LA function measured by CMR strain but not by volumetry is impaired in patients with SDB during acute cardiac injury. Consistent with a mechanistic association, improvement of SBD at follow-up resulted in improved LA strain. LA strain measurement might thus provide insight into atrial function in patients with SDB.
Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Clinical Trial to Study Ashwagandha Administration in Participants Vaccinated Against COVID-19 on Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protection With COVID-19 Vaccine–A Study Protocol
Authors: Chopra Arvind , Chavan-Gautam Preeti , Tillu Girish , Saluja Manjit , Borse Swapnil , Sarmukaddam Sanjeev , Chaudhuri Susmita , Rao BCS , Yadav Babita , Srikanth Narayanam , Patwardhan Bhushan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionVaccines have emerged as the most effective tool in the fight against COVID-19. Governments all over the world have rolled out the COVID-19 vaccine program for their populations. Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (COVISHIELD™) is widely used in India. A large number of Indian people have been consuming various traditional medicines in the hope of better protection against COVID-19 infection. Several studies have reported immunological benefits of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. We propose to study the safety, immunogenicity and clinical protection offered by a 6-month regimen of Ashwagandha in participants who volunteer to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (COVISHIELDTM) in the ongoing national program of vaccination.Methods and AnalysisWe designed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, two-arm, exploratory study on healthy volunteers receiving the COVISHIELDTM vaccine. The administration of Ashwagandha will begin within 7 days of the first or second dose of COVISHIELDTM. Primary outcome measure is immunogenicity as measured by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) and RBD-specific IgG antibody titres. Secondary outcome measures are safety, protective immune response and quality of life measures. All adverse events will be monitored at each time throughout the study. Participants will be tracked on a daily basis with a user-friendly mobile phone application. Following power calculation 600 participants will be recruited per arm to demonstrate superiority by a margin of 7% with 80% power. Study duration is 28 weeks with interim analysis at the end of 12 weeks.Ethics and DisseminationEthics approval was obtained through the Central and Institutional Ethics Committees. Participant recruitment commenced in December 2021. Results will be presented in conferences and published in preprints followed by peer-reviewed medical journals.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CTRI/2021/06/034496].
How Healthcare Utilization Due to Dizziness and Vertigo Differs Between Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Prell Tino , Finn Sigrid , Axer Hubertus 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundVertigo and dizziness are common in older adults. We describe self-reported healthcare utilization because of dizziness and vertigo in older adults attending a tertiary care specialized vertigo center.MethodsData from 765 patients (45% were ≥60 years old) with chronic dizziness and vertigo who attended a daycare multimodal treatment program were recorded. Data included sociodemographic parameters, dizziness-related characteristics, the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Also, healthcare utilization, including (1) physician and clinical services, (2) hospitalizations in the year before consulting the vertigo center, (3) prescription of drugs and other professional services were included. Descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, and regression models were used.ResultsIntensity of dizziness was similar in both age groups, however, distress due to dizziness was more severe in younger persons. Dizziness symptoms lasted longer in older adults than in younger persons. Older adults had a somatic diagnosis (74.6 vs. 35.0%) more frequently and reported more falls (37.2 vs. 28.5%) than younger individuals. Anxiety about bodily sensations was higher in younger patients (mean BSQ1 = 9.33 ± 5.6) than in older patients (mean BSQ1 = 6.72 ± 5.4). Older persons had fewer depressive symptoms (mean HADS depression = 5.8 ± 3.6 vs. 6.5 ± 4.1) and less anxiety (mean HADS anxiety = 5.7 ± 3.7 vs. 7.8 ± 4.1) than younger individuals. Younger people were more frequently hospitalized (24.4%) than older adults (16.3%) in the year before consulting the vertigo center. Also, younger patients and patients with non-somatic etiologies had considerably more consultations with healthcare providers than older patients. Older adults received less medication (50.3%), less physiotherapy (41%), and less psychological therapy (11.6%) for vertigo than younger people (59.7, 52.2, 20.4%, respectively).ConclusionAge-associated differences in healthcare utilization were defined in selected patients attending a specialized vertigo center. Since dizziness is frequently a heterogeneous disorder requiring interdisciplinary care, its diagnostic and therapeutic work-up must be improved for older patients with dizziness.
Development of 1,5-Diaryl-Pyrazole-3-Formate Analogs as Antifungal Pesticides and Their Application in Controlling Peanut Stem Rot Disease
Authors: Ma Yihui , Yang Jun , Yang Dangwei , Qin Guangyu , Zu Junhuai 
Published: February 2022

Graphical Abstract3-Chloropyridinyl moiety grants compound 6 with comparable antifungal effect to tebuconazole and thifluzamide against Sclerotium rolfsii in a dose-dependent manner.
Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pleural Fluid Using Resuscitation-Promoting Factor-Based Thin Layer Agar Culture Method
Authors: Du Fengjiao , Xing Aiying , Li Zihui , Pan Liping , Jia Hongyan , Du Boping , Sun Qi , Wei Rongrong , Liu Zhongquan , Zhang Zongde 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPleural tuberculous is difficult to diagnose. Culture is still considered the gold standard, especially in resource-limited settings where quick, cheap, and easy techniques are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs)-based thin layer agar (TLA) culture method for quick detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid.MethodsPatients with suspected pleural TB were enrolled prospectively in our hospital, pleural fluid of all patients were collected, stained with Ziehl–Neelsen for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), cultured on Rpfs-TLA, TLA, and Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium, and identified according to recommended procedures.ResultsA total of 137 suspected pleural TB were enrolled and categorized, including 103 pleural TB (49 confirmed and 54 probable pleural TB) and 34 non-TBP patients. The sensitivity of Rpfs-TLA for total pleural TB was 43.7% (34.5∼53.3%), higher than that of TLA 29.1% (21.2∼38.5%) and LJ 26.2% (18.7∼35.5%) (p &lt; 0.01), and all specificity was 100% in the diagnosis of pleural TB. Median time to detection of a positive culture was 11.8 days (95% CI 10.4∼13.4) for Rpfs-TLA, 21.0 days (95% CI 19.1∼22.9) for TLA, and 30.5 days (95% CI 28.5∼32.5) for LJ (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionRpfs-TLA is an accurate, rapid, cheap, and easy culture method, which makes it promising for use in clinical laboratories.
Brain Neural Activity Patterns in an Animal Model of Antidepressant-Induced Manic Episodes
Authors: Chen Min , Chen Guangdong , Tian Hongjun , Dou Guangqian , Fang Tao , Cai Ziyao , Cheng Langlang , Chen Suling , Chen Ce , Ping Jing , Lin Xiaodong , Chen Chunmian , Zhu Jingjing , Zhao Feifei , Liu Chuanxin , Yue Weihua , Song Xueqin , Zhuo Chuanjun 
Published: February 2022

Background: In the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (BP), antidepressant-induced mania is usually observed. The rate of phase switching (from depressive to manic) in these patients exceeds 22%. The exploration of brain activity patterns during an antidepressant-induced manic phase may aid the development of strategies to reduce the phase-switching rate. The use of a murine model to explore brain activity patterns in depressive and manic phases can help us to understandthe pathological features of BP. The novel object recognition preference ratio is used to assess cognitive ability in such models.Objective: To investigate brain Ca2+activity and behavioral expression in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model, to aid understanding of brain activity patterns in phase switching in BP.Methods:In vivotwo-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in a murine model in which induce depressive-like and manic-like behaviors were induced sequentially. The immobility time was used to assess depressive-like symptoms and the total distance traveled was used to assess manic-like symptoms.Results:In vivotwo-photon imaging revealed significantly reduced brain Ca2+activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depressive phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress compared with naïve controls. The brain Ca2+activity correlated negatively with the novel object recognition preference ratio within the immobility time. Significantly increased brain Ca2+activity was observed in the ketamine-induced manic phase. However, this activity did not correlate with the total distance traveled. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the total distance traveled in the manic phase.