bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETIB‐T: An Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography for plant traits
Authors: Schrader Julian , Wright Ian J. , Kreft Holger , Weigelt Patrick , Andrew Samuel C. , Abbott Ian , Westoby Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) posits that species richness on islands represents a dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction. ETIB makes predictions about numbers of species and biogeographical rates, but not about species identities or functional traits. However, functional traits provide additional information in understanding the assembly of island biotas. Here, we build on ETIB's principle of community equilibria and investigate how these processes affect plant functional traits over time.LocationFifteen islands from 164 m2 to 19 km2 in Western Australia.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe assembled an island‐trait dataset linking seed mass, plant height and leaf area of 156 species to their occurrences on 15 islands sampled four times within four decades. We estimated community trait means and functional diversity for each island and sampling period and tested whether both remained at equilibrium over time. Using linear models, we tested whether temporal species turnover is linked to specific traits. We used generalised linear mixed‐effect models to test for the effect of environmental characteristics on species and trait turnover.ResultsSpecies richness on the islands was at equilibrium as predicted by ETIB despite high species temporal turnover. Functional diversity and community trait means also were stable over time. Species most susceptible to turnover were on average smaller and had lower seed mass than persisting species. Environmental island characteristics had no strong effect in explaining species and trait turnover.Main conclusionsWe provide evidence that ETIB can be extended to functional traits, which we suggest to term Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography for Traits. Trait equilibria on islands suggest that locally extinct species are replaced by new ones sharing similar traits. Being small with light seeds increases both immigration probability and extinction risk.
Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47 promotes angiogenesis through ROS‐induced autophagy
Authors: Li Wei , Xie Lin , Li Qiu‐Ling , Xu Qiu‐Yan , Lin Li‐Rong , Liu Li‐Li , Yang Tian‐Ci 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathological angiogenesis is an important manifestation of syphilis, but the underlying mechanism of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum)‐induced angiogenesis is poorly understood.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate the role and related mechanism of the T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 in angiogenesis.MethodsThe proangiogenic activity of recombinant T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed by tube formation assay, three‐dimensional angiogenesis analysis and experiments with a zebrafish embryo model. The effects of mitochondrial ROS and NADPH oxidase on intracellular ROS induced by Tp47 were further investigated. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy‐related proteins and autophagic flux were measured. Finally, the role of ROS‐induced autophagy in angiogenesis was studied.ResultsTp47 promoted tubule formation and the formation of angiogenic sprouts in vitro. In addition, a significant increase in the number of subintestinal vessel branch points in zebrafish injected with Tp47 was observed using a zebrafish embryo model. Tp47 also significantly increased intracellular ROS levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Tp47‐induced tube formation and angiogenic sprout formation were effectively prevented by the ROS inhibitor NAC. In addition, Tp47 enhanced the production of mitochondrial ROS and expression of the NADPH oxidase‐related proteins Nox2 and Nox4. The production of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular ROS was reduced by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin. Furthermore, Tp47 significantly increased expression of the autophagy‐related proteins P62 and Beclin 1 and the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and promoted an increase in autophagic flux, which could be effectively rescued by coincubation with the ROS inhibitor NAC. Further intervention with the autophagy inhibitor BafA1 significantly inhibited tube formation and angiogenic sprout formation.ConclusionsTp47‐induced NADPH oxidase enhanced intracellular ROS production via mitochondrial ROS and promoted angiogenesis through autophagy mediated by ROS. These findings may contribute to our understanding of pathological angiogenesis in syphilis.
Medicine use in people with intellectual disabilities: a Finnish nationwide register study
Authors: Nurminen F. , Rättö H. , Arvio M. , Teittinen A. , Vesala H. T. , Saastamoinen L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) are a vulnerable group in our society; many of them depend on other people for assistance in their everyday lives. Compared with the general population, people with ID have poorer general health and, therefore, need more healthcare services and use more medicines. The aim of this study is to define the population of all Finnish people with ID using administrative data and to compare their medicine use and expenditure on medicines to those of the age‐matched and sex‐matched controls.MethodsPeople with ID and their age‐matched and sex‐matched controls (1:1) were extracted from nationwide healthcare and social allowance registers. Administrative register data on all prescription medicine purchases in 2019 were used to determine the prevalence of medicine use in both groups on a general level and by medicine categories. The differences in the prevalence of medicine use between the two groups were analysed using the logistic regression model. In addition, we studied the total expenditure on reimbursable medicine purchases covered by the National Health Insurance between people with ID and control group.ResultsThe subpopulation of people with ID consisted 37 196 individuals, of whom 82.7% purchased prescription medicines in 2019. The corresponding share of individuals purchasing prescription medicines in the control group was 70.3%. The differences in the prevalence of medicine use between the two populations were highest in the younger age groups (0–6, 7–12 and 13–17). In the study population, 28.1% (OR = 12.28; 95% CI: 11.54–13.07) of the people used antipsychotics, making it the most used medicine category in people with ID. In the control group, 3.3% of people used antipsychotics. Compared with the control group, the use of antiepileptics, drugs for constipation, mineral supplements and anxiolytics was four to seven times higher among people with ID. Furthermore, the median expenditure on medicine use among people with ID was four times higher than in the control group.ConclusionsCompared with the control group, people with ID used more medicines, especially psychotropics, and their expenditure on medicine use was higher.
Effectual accuracy of OCT image retinal segmentation with the aid of speckle noise reduction and boundary edge detection strategy
Authors: Mittal Praveen , Bhatnagar Charul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown to be a valuable imaging tool in the field of ophthalmology, and it is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of neurology. Several OCT image segmentation methods have been developed previously to segment retinal images, however sophisticated speckle noises with low‐intensity restrictions, complex retinal tissues, and inaccurate retinal layer structure remain a challenge to perform effective retinal segmentation. Hence, in this research, complicated speckle noises are removed by using a novel far‐flung ratio algorithm in which preprocessing has been done to treat the speckle noise thereby highly decreasing the speckle noise through new similarity and statistical measures. Additionally, a novel haphazard walk and inter‐frame flattening algorithms have been presented to tackle the weak object boundaries in OCT images. These algorithms are effective at detecting edges and estimating minimal weighted paths to better diverge, which reduces the time complexity. In addition, the segmentation of OCT images is made simpler by using a novel N‐ret layer segmentation approach that executes simultaneous segmentation of various surfaces, ensures unambiguous segmentation across neighbouring layers, and improves segmentation accuracy by using two grey scale values to construct data. Consequently, the novel work outperformed the OCT image segmentation with 98.5% of accuracy.
Hippocampus‐based behavioral, structural, and molecular dynamics across the estrous cycle
Authors: Rocks Devin , Kundakovic Marija 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe activity of neurons in the rodent hippocampus contributes to diverse behaviors, with the activity of ventral hippocampal neurons affecting behaviors related to anxiety and emotion regulation, and the activity of dorsal hippocampal neurons affecting performance in learning‐ and memory‐related tasks. Hippocampal cells also express receptors for ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and are therefore affected by physiological fluctuations of those hormones that occur over the rodent estrous cycle. In this review, we discuss the effects of cycling ovarian hormones on hippocampal physiology. Starting with behavior, we explore the role of the estrous cycle in regulating hippocampus‐dependent behaviors. We go on to detail the cellular mechanisms through which cycling estrogen and progesterone, through changes in the structural and functional properties of hippocampal neurons, may be eliciting these changes in behavior. Then, providing a basis for these cellular changes, we outline the epigenetic, chromatin regulatory mechanisms through which ovarian hormones, by binding to their receptors, can affect the regulation of behavior‐ and synaptic plasticity‐related genes in hippocampal neurons. We also highlight an unconventional role that chromatin dynamics may have in regulating neuronal function across the estrous cycle, including in sex hormone‐driven X chromosome plasticity and hormonally‐induced epigenetic priming. Finally, we discuss directions for future studies and the translational value of the rodent estrous cycle for understanding the effects of the human menstrual cycle on hippocampal physiology and brain disease risk.
Density mapping of nerve endings in the skin of the palm and flexor retinaculum of the hand. Application to open carpal tunnel release
Authors: Hernández‐Cortés Pedro , Hurtado‐Olmo Patricia , Roda‐Murillo Olga , Martín‐Morales Natividad , O'Valle Francisco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to re‐evaluate the safest area to incise skin and the flexor retinaculum (FR) when performing a carpal tunnel release (CTR), we carried out a mapping study of the nerve endings in the skin and FR on cadaver specimens, which, unlike previous studies for the first time, includes histomorphometry and image digital analysis. After dividing the skin and FR into 20 and 12 sections, respectively, we carried out a histomorphological analysis of nerve endings. The analysis was performed by two neutral observers on 4‐μm histological sections stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H‐E), and Klüver–Barrera with picrosirius red (KB + PR) methods. A semi‐automatic image digital analysis was also used to estimate the percentage of area occupied per nerve. We observed a lower quantity of nerve endings in the skin of the palm of the hand in line with the ulnar aspect of the 4th finger. The ulnar aspect of the FR was the most densely innervated. However, there are no statistically significant differences between sections in the percentage of area occupied per nerve both in the skin and in the FR. We concluded that there is not a safe area to incise when performing carpal tunnel surgery, but taking into account the quantity of nerve endings present in skin and FR, we recommend an incision on the axis of the ulnar aspect of 4th finger when incising skin and on the middle third of the FR for CTR.
Directions of hyaluronic acid application in cosmetology
Authors: Ratajczak Piotr , Maciejak Oliwia , Kopciuch Dorota , Paczkowska Anna , Zaprutko Tomasz , Kus Krzysztof 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. It is a component of the intercellular matrix of the dermis and is often used as a raw material in cosmetology. This substance was isolated for the first time in the first half of the twentieth century, while cosmetology treatments and aesthetic medicine have been developing rapidly and gaining popularity. The same applies to companies producing cosmetic care products which contain hyaluronic acid. This is related to the growing desire of the society to improve the quality of the skin and maintain its vitality and firmness.AimsThe study investigates different directions and possibilities of using hyaluronic acid in cosmetology. Moreover, the paper describes possible side effects observed after hyaluronic acid injections.Patients/MethodsThe study was based on an anonymous questionnaire conducted between October 10, 2021, and February 21, 2022. 513 responses were collected.ResultsThe awareness and level of knowledge in this field of cosmetology among potential beauty salon clients are on the rise. Hyaluronic acid is used in injections, as well as in care cosmetics, oral and vaginal preparations. Various areas of the face are injected, most often the lips. Face creams are among the most frequently purchased skincare products.ConclusionsThe use of hyaluronic acid in cosmetology is multidirectional. It is mainly focused on skincare and specific anti‐aging activities. Treatments of this type help preserve the skin's vitality, which translates into an improved quality of life due to the satisfaction of the need for attractiveness.
A combination treatment of drug‐laser‐photon for melasma: A retrospective study of clinical cases
Authors: Li Ying , Shao Wei‐Na , Fang Qing‐Qing , Zhao Wan‐yi , Wang Shi‐qin , Wu Li‐Hong , Hu Yan‐Yan , Wang Xiao‐feng , Xue Ya‐Nan , Chen Li , Tan Wei‐Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCombinational therapy such as taking tranexamic acid while using laser treatment has been proved potential efficacy by many experiments. However, there is few research which contains large samples and consistent observations.ObjectiveWe evaluated clinical efficacy and safety of a new systemic treatment of drug‐laser‐photon therapy.MethodsRetrospective and randomized investigator‐blinded study of 75 patients with mixed type melasma was analyzed. At each visit, standardized photographs were taken using VISIA. Modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) scores were marked using photographs by two dermatologists.ResultsThe mMASI score decreased significantly from 6.92 to 3.84 after the treatment. The VISIA analyze right cheek data shows: Spots (from 49.67 ± 3.43 to 56.09 ± 3.31), UV spots (from 41.39 ± 24.45 to 44.56 ± 25.86), and Brown spots (from 23.97 ± 17.89 to 28.16 ± 21.28) are statistically increased (p = 0.035, p = 0.018, p = 0.07). All patients feel varying degrees of improvement, about 10.17% felt very much improved, 30.51% felt much improved (51%–75%), 45.76% felt moderately improved (26%–50%), and 13.56% felt little improved (1%–25%).LimitationsThis study was no control group.ConclusionThe efficacy and safety profile of the combination of drug‐laser‐photon therapy systemic treatment in melasma patients has been proved. It has potential possibility to become a new, reliable, widely suitable therapy strategy.
Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in rosacea patients by flow‐mediated dilatation method
Authors: Caf Nazlı , Özkök Akbulut Tuğba , Can Mehmet Mustafa , Sarı Mustafa , Atsü Ayşe Nilhan , Türkoğlu Zafer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea may contribute to the development of cardiovascular (CV) diseases by causing endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is known to be the initial step of atherosclerosis, due to its inflammatory features.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess ED in rosacea patients using the flow‐mediated dilatation (=dilation) (FMD) method.MethodsSeventy‐three rosacea patients and 73 age, gender‐matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Individuals with cardiac risk factors, pregnant, and lactating women were excluded. Demographic, clinical data and anthropometric measurements were recorded. FMD measurement was performed ultrasonographically by a cardiologist. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were measured and hemogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐Reactive Protein (CRP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and fasting blood glucose values were assessed.ResultsThe FMD value was statistically lower in rosacea patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.000). Metabolic syndrome, systolic and diastolic BPs, and plasma NLR were higher in the rosacea group (p = 0.009, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, rosacea type significantly predicted FMD.ConclusionsRosacea is not only a disease limited to the skin, but it may also have systemic involvement. A significant difference was found between FMD values measured in between the case and control groups, suggesting rosacea may have an atherogenic effect. Possible cardiac risks should be considered in rosacea patients, and further evaluation could be warranted.
Topical garlic treatment for verruca plana triggers Koebner phenomenon: A case report
Authors: Yu Tianhang , Che Jiaozi , Song Jikai , Duan Xinsuo , Yang Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundVerruca plana is a benign proliferation of the skin caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Fresh garlic can serve as an alternative therapy, and it has shown considerable effectiveness as a topical treatment for verruca plana. However, topical garlic treatment for verruca plana triggered Koebner phenomenon (KP), which has not been previously reported.AimThe aim of our report is to explore the possible causes of this adverse reaction.MethodWe here describe a 20‐year‐old female patient who developed a beaded rash after garlic treatment for facial wart plana, known as autoinoculation or KP.ResultsGarlic may have caused damage to the surrounding normal skin through primary irritation or allergic reactions. Then, the HPV virus on the primary verruca plana took the opportunity to spread to the surrounding skin injured by garlic stimulation, triggering the KP.ConclusionWhen using garlic to treat verruca plana, the operator needs to precisely apply the mashed garlic to the warts, and this treatment is strictly prohibited for patients who are allergic to garlic. Avoid such adverse reactions.
Characterization of a live Cutibacterium acnes subspecies defendens strain XYCM42 and clinical assessment as a topical regimen for general skin health and cosmesis
Authors: Rhee Mun Su , Alqam Mona L. , Jones Brian C. , Phadungpojna Sasima , Day Doris , Hitchcock Thomas M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen formulating topical products to treat skin diseases and addressing general skin health and cosmesis, most of the focus has traditionally been placed on how any given ingredient may impact the structure, function, and health of human skin elements. However, recent research is beginning to highlight the importance of the skin microbiome in relation to certain skin conditions and general cosmesis. Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most prolific skin‐specific bacterial species. Research has shown that the species is divided into subspecies, some of which are thought to be beneficial to the skin. This paper aims to determine the efficacy of strainXYCM42, a C. acnes subspecies defendens derived strain designed to improve the health and appearance of the skin.MethodsIn vitro studies were performed on human keratinocyte and fibroblast monolayers, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and skin explants to elucidate the effects of live XYCM42 cells and their ferment on human skin cells and tissues. Subsequently, clinical studies were performed using XYCM42‐based topical regimens designed to deliver and support the engraftment of live XYCM42 cells onto subjects' skin. Two studies were performed, a 3‐week pilot study (n = 10) and a 8‐week pivotal study (n = 121). In the latter, 32 subjects were enrolled for an in‐clinic portion for efficacy evaluation, with clinic visits occurring at Baseline, Week 1, Week 4, and Week 8.ResultsIn vitro data suggest that XYCM42 and its ferment filtrate have potential to provide benefits to the skin via antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and select antimicrobial activities. Clinical observation demonstrated that a XYCM42‐containing regimen supports a healthy skin environment, promotes increased skin hydration, decreases erythema, calms the skin, and regulates sebum production.ConclusionThese studies provide further evidence that specific strains of C. acnes, such as XYCM42, have a more beneficial function regarding skin health and appearance than was previously thought. Appropriate use of formulations derived from symbiotic strains within the skin microbiome can support the development of novel, beneficial topicals.
Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders—INfORM recommendations: Comprehensive and short‐form adaptations for children
Authors: Nilsson Ing‐Marie , Ekberg EwaCarin , Michelotti Ambrosina , Al‐Khotani Amal , Alstergren Per , Conti Paulo Cesar Rodrigues , Durham Justin , Goulet Jean‐Paul , Hirsch Christian , Kalaykova Stanimira , Kapos Flavia P. , King Christopher D. , Komiyama Osamu , Koutris Michail , List Thomas , Lobbezoo Frank , Ohrbach Richard , Palermo Tonya M. , Peck Christopher C. , Penlington Chris , Restrepo Claudia , Rodrigues Maria Joao , Sharma Sonia , Svensson Peter , Visscher Corine , Wahlund Kerstin , Rongo Roberto ,   International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders (INfORM)
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) are used worldwide in adults. Until now, no adaptation for use in children has been proposed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present comprehensive and short‐form adaptations of Axis I and Axis II of the DC/TMD for adults that are appropriate for use with children in clinical and research settings.MethodsGlobal Delphi studies with experts in TMDs and in pain psychology identified ways of adapting the DC/TMD for children.ResultsThe proposed adaptation is suitable for children aged 6–9 years. Proposed changes in Axis I include (i) adapting the language of the Demographics and the Symptom Questionnaires to be developmentally appropriate for children, (ii) adding a general health questionnaire for children and one for their parents, (iii) replacing the TMD Pain Screener with the 3Q/TMD questionnaire and (iv) modifying the clinical examination protocol. Proposed changes in Axis II include (i) for the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, to be developmentally appropriate for children, (ii) adding anxiety and depression assessments that have been validated in children and (iii) adding three constructs (stress, catastrophising and sleep disorders) to assess psychosocial functioning in children.ConclusionThe recommended DC/TMD, including Axis I and Axis II, for children aged 6–9 years, is appropriate for use in clinical and research settings. This adapted the first version for children includes changes in Axis I and Axis II changes requiring reliability and validity testing in international settings. Official translations to different languages according to INfORM requirements will enable a worldwide dissemination and implementation.