bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic approach for determining Monte Carlo beam source parameters: II. Impact of beam modeling uncertainties on dosimetric functions and treatment plans
Authors: Duchaine Jasmine , Wahl Mathilde , Markel Daniel , Bouchard Hugo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. The Monte Carlo method is recognized as a valid approach for the evaluation of dosimetric functions for clinical use. This procedure requires the accurate modeling of the considered linear accelerator. In Part I, we propose a new method to extract the probability density function of the beam model physical parameters. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of beam modeling uncertainties on Monte Carlo evaluated dosimetric functions and treatment plans in the context of small fields. Approach. Simulations of output factors, output correction factors, dose profiles, percent-depth doses and treatment plans are performed using the CyberKnife M6 model developed in Part I. The optimized pair of electron beam energy and spot size, and eight additional pairs of beam parameters representing a 95% confidence region are used to propagate the uncertainties associated to the source parameters to the dosimetric functions. Main results. For output factors, the impact of beam modeling uncertainties increases with the reduction of the field size and confidence interval half widths reach 1.8% for the 5 mm collimator. The impact on output correction factors cancels in part, leading to a maximum confidence interval half width of 0.44%. The impact is less significant for percent-depth doses in comparison to dose profiles. For these types of measurement, in absolute terms and in comparison to the reference dose, confidence interval half widths less than or equal to 1.4% are observed. For simulated treatment plans, the impact is more significant for the treatment delivered with a smaller field size with confidence interval half widths reaching 2.5% and 1.4% for the 5 and 20 mm collimators, respectively. Significance. Results confirm that AAPM TG-157's tolerances cannot apply to the field sizes studied. This study provides an insight on the reachable dose calculation accuracy in a clinical setup.
Experimental and numerical investigations on hysteretic response of a multi-level SMA/lead rubber bearing seismic isolation system
Authors: Cao Sasa , Ozbulut Osman E , Shi Fei , Deng Jiangdong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the response of a shape memory alloy (SMA)-based isolation system that combines multiple groups of SMA cables and a lead rubber bearing (LRB). The isolation device, named as multi-level SMA/lead rubber bearing (ML-SLRB), is designed such that it maintains its efficiency under frequent, design and extreme levels of seismic events. Two large-size ML-SLRB isolation devices were designed and fabricated. The response of the proposed isolation systems was evaluated together with a conventional LRB under increasing amplitudes of cyclic loads. The effects of loading rate and vertical pressure on the response of the ML-SLRB isolator were evaluated. Finite element models of the fabricated ML-SLRB isolators were developed and analyzed to assess the response of the different SMA cable groups at different stages of the loading. The test results, supported by the finite element analyses, revealed that the SMA cable groups used in a loop configuration in the ML-SLRB isolator are prone to stress concentrations and early damage. The ML-SLRB isolators that employed its main SMA cable groups in a straight configuration successfully achieved a multi-level performance where the stiffness of the isolator increased as the demands of the displacement increased. The developed isolator also exhibited lower residual drifts compared to the LRB isolator.
PICSAR-QED: a Monte Carlo module to simulate strong-field quantum electrodynamics in particle-in-cell codes for exascale architectures
Authors: Fedeli Luca , Zaïm Neïl , Sainte-Marie Antonin , Thévenet Maxence , Huebl Axel , Myers Andrew , Vay Jean-Luc , Vincenti Henri 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Physical scenarios where the electromagnetic fields are so strong that quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a substantial role are one of the frontiers of contemporary plasma physics research. Investigating those scenarios requires state-of-the-art particle-in-cell (PIC) codes able to run on top high-performance computing (HPC) machines and, at the same time, able to simulate strong-field QED processes. This work presents the PICSAR-QED library, an open-source, portable implementation of a Monte Carlo module designed to provide modern PIC codes with the capability to simulate such processes, and optimized for HPC. Detailed tests and benchmarks are carried out to validate the physical models in PICSAR-QED, to study how numerical parameters affect such models, and to demonstrate its capability to run on different architectures (CPUs and GPUs). Its integration with WarpX, a state-of-the-art PIC code designed to deliver scalable performance on upcoming exascale supercomputers, is also discussed and validated against results from the existing literature.
An ion trap source of cold atomic hydrogen via photodissociation of the BaH+ molecular ion
Authors: Jones S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
I present a novel scheme for producing cold (magnetically trappable) atomic hydrogen, based on threshold photodissociation of the BaH+ molecular ion. BaH+ can be sympathetically cooled using laser cooled Ba+ in an ion trap, before it is photodissociated on the single photon A1Σ+ ← X1Σ+ transition. The small mass ratio between Ba+ and BaH+ ensures a strong overlap within the ion trap for sympathetic cooling, while the large mass ratio between BaH+ and H means that the released hydrogen can be up to 139 times colder than the parent molecular ions. I examine the hydrogen production rate, and describe how the trap dynamics and photodissociation laser detuning influence the achievable energies. The low infrastructure costs and the ion trap nature of the scheme make it suitable for loading hydrogen into an antihydrogen experiment. This would support a direct matter–antimatter comparison, which could provide important clues as to why our Universe contains so little antimatter.
A non-parametric test of variability of Type Ia supernovae luminosity and CDDR
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Rana Akshay , Jain Deepak , Mahajan Shobhit , Mukherjee Amitabha , Holanda R.F.L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The first observational evidence for cosmic acceleration appeared from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Type Ia) Hubble diagram from two different groups. However, the empirical treatment of SNe Type Ia and their ability to show cosmic acceleration have been the subject of some debate in the literature. In this work we probe the assumption of redshift-independent absolute magnitude (MB) of SNe along with its correlation with spatial curvature (Ωk0) and cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) parameter (η(z)). This work is divided into two parts. Firstly, we check the validity of CDDR which relates the luminosity distance (dL) and angular diameter distance (dA) via redshift. We use the Pantheon SNe Ia dataset combined with the H(z) measurements derived from the cosmic chronometers. Further, four different redshift-dependent parametrizations of the distance duality parameter (η(z)) are used. The CDDR is fairly consistent for almost every parametrization within a 2σ confidence level in both flat and a non-flat universe. In the second part, we assume the validity of CDDR and emphasize on the variability of M_B and its correlation with Ωk0. We choose four different redshift-dependent parametrizations of MB. The results indicate no evolution of MB within 2σ confidence level. For all parametrizations, the best fit value of Ωk0 indicates a flat universe at 2σ confidence level. However a mild inclination towards a non flat universe is also observed. We have also examined the dependence of the results on the choice of different priors for H0.
Impact of COHERENT measurements, cross section uncertainties
and new interactions on the neutrino floor
Authors: Aristizabal Sierra D. , De Romeri V. , Flores L.J. , Papoulias D.K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We reconsider the discovery limit of multi-ton direct detection dark
matter experiments in the light of recent measurements of the
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
process. Assuming the cross section to be a parameter entirely
determined by data, rather than using its Standard Model
prediction, we use the COHERENT CsI and LAr data sets to determine
WIMP discovery limits. Being based on a data-driven approach, the
results are thus free from theoretical assumptions and fall within
the WIMP mass regions where XENONnT and DARWIN have best expected
sensitivities. We further determine the impact of subleading nuclear form
factor and weak mixing angle uncertainties effects on WIMP discovery
limits. We point out that these effects, albeit small, should be
taken into account. Moreover, to quantify the impact of new physics effects in
the neutrino background, we revisit WIMP discovery limits assuming
light vector and scalar mediators as well as neutrino magnetic
moments/transitions. We stress that the presence of new interactions
in the neutrino sector, in general, tend to worsen the WIMP
discovery limit.
The effective field theory of vector-tensor theories
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Mukohyama Shinji , Takahashi Kazufumi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate a systematic formulation of vector-tensor theories based on the effective field theory (EFT) approach. The input of our EFT is that the spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken by the existence of a preferred timelike direction in accordance with the cosmological principle. After clarifying the difference of the symmetry breaking pattern from the conventional EFT of inflation/dark energy, we find an EFT description of vector-tensor theories around the cosmological background. This approach not only serves as a unified description of vector-tensor theories but also highlights universal differences between the scalar-tensor theories and the vector-tensor theories. The theories having different symmetry breaking patterns are distinguished by a phenomenological function and consistency relations between the EFT coefficients. We study the linear cosmological perturbations within our EFT framework and discuss the characteristic properties of the vector-tensor theories in the context of dark energy. In particular, we compute the effective gravitational coupling and the slip parameter for the matter density contrast in terms of the EFT coefficients.
Iodine frequency-stabilized HeNe laser amplified by injection locking of a semiconductor laser diode
Authors: Küng Alain , Meli Felix 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The realisation of the metre definition is still today mostly performed using iodine frequency-stabilized HeNe lasers. Unfortunately, they deliver little optical power. Instead of migrating to other expensive laser technologies, the use of an injection locked semiconductor laser is proposed in order to boost the optical output of the legacy HeNe laser primary reference. The characterisation of the system and its validation through a comparison measurement is reported whereby no impact on the frequency and the stability of the HeNe reference laser could be observed.
Are tungsten-based nuclear fusion components truly invisible to x-ray inspection?
Authors: Minniti Triestino , Lewtas Heather 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ability to detect undesired volumetric defects in reactor components could affect the safety and reliability of a fusion power plant and change the expected lifetime and performance of the reactor. This is even more true for critical reactor parts like plasma-facing components (PFCs) which have to withstand challenging in-vessel conditions due to a combination of plasma bombardment, radiation, and nuclear heating. The structural integrity of these components prior to their installation in a nuclear fusion reactor needs to be assessed non-destructively. Until now, industrial x-ray radiography and tomography have not been used to non-destructively inspect fusion components due to their lack of penetration power into dense material such as tungsten which is often used to manufacture PFCs. However, aiming to revert this consolidated belief, we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of assessing volumetric defects non-destructively on DEMO divertor mock-up by means of MeV energy range x-ray tomography. The authors believe that the application of this technology could be easily extended for inspecting large fusion components and positively impact procedures to be followed in the qualification of fusion components for current and future nuclear reactors.
Creating past habitat maps to quantify local extirpation of Australian threatened birds
Authors: Ward Michelle , Watson James E M , Possingham Hugh P , Garnett Stephen T , Maron Martine , Rhodes Jonathan R , MacColl Chris , Seaton Richard , Jackett Nigel , Reside April E , Webster Patrick , Simmonds Jeremy S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Habitat loss is driving the extirpation of fauna across Earth. Many species are now absent from vast areas where they once occurred in inhabited continents, yet we do not have a good understanding of the extent to which different species have been locally extirpated, nor the degree to which range contractions and habitat loss has contributed to this local extirpation. Here, for the first time, we use a combination of scientific literature, historical sources, spatial data, and expert elicitation to map the past extent of potential habitats, and changes thereto, of 72 of Australia’s most imperiled terrestrial birds. By comparing the area of potential habitat within the past and current ranges of these taxa, we quantify the extent over which each of Australia’s threatened terrestrial birds have likely been extirpated and assess the amount and configuration of potential habitat that remains. Our results show that since 1750 (before European colonization), at least one extant taxon of threatened bird has disappeared from over 530 million hectares (69%) of Australia, through both range contractions and loss of potentially suitable habitat (noting these are not mutually exclusive phenomena). Ten taxa (14%) have likely been extirpated from >99% of their past potential habitat. For 56 taxa (78%), remaining habitat within their current potential habitats has become fragmented. This research paints a sobering picture of the extent of local extirpation of threatened birds from much of Australia over a 250 years time period. By mapping and quantifying this loss, these findings will help refine scientific understanding about the impact of habitat removal and other pervasive threats that are driving this observed extirpation.
Theoretical estimation of methane’s phase components volumes in coal seams
Authors: Skipochka Serhii , Palamarchuk Tetiana , Prokhorets Liliya , Kyrylov Andrii , Kurinnyi Volodymyr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of the work is to estimate the quantities of methane contained in a coal seam as a solid coal-methane solution and adsorbed inside cracks and pores. The work uses an analytical research method based on the fundamental laws of gas and thermodynamics, as well as physical chemistry. The binding energy in the calculations is taken as averaged over the polymolecular adsorption layer. The Langmuir model to describe the process is used. It was found that the maximum possible total content of methane main phase components does not exceed 70-80 m3/ton of coal. This is significantly less than the volumes of methane that is released in the mine during the gas-dynamic phenomenon. It is concluded that a more accurate idea of the gas-dynamic and other anomalous phenomena that take place in the “coal-methane” system can be obtained only by studying its structure at the atomic-molecular level. It is also necessary to take into account the accompanying physicochemical processes arising at the stage of metamorphism and technogenic interference in the coal seam. The work is aimed at improving the theory of gas-dynamic phenomena for the effective prevention of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure in mine workings.
Tracking of the battery materials of electric vehicles in the mining industry via a blockchain
Authors: Hristova Teodora 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the time of Industry 4.0, with the requirements for reducing CO2 in the atmosphere and realizing a circular economy in all aspects of life, the implementation of electric vehicles and IoT control systems was observed. The advantages and positive effects of implementing electric vehicles in the mining industry are discussed in the article. To achieve a circular economy and meet the criteria for sustainable development, a conceptual model is proposed for tracking the quantities of useful raw materials used in power batteries, as one of the main components of electric vehicles. To implement reliable and unambiguous communication among the various participants, blockchain technology is used.
New technical solutions in the field of protection and fastening of mine workings
Authors: Yalanskyi Anatolii , Slashchov Ihor , Makeiev Serhii , Seleznov Anatolii 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the features of fastening preparatory workings in difficult geological conditions, which are studied in three directions: improving concrete, arch and anchor fasteners with the consideration of the initial physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass; introduction of steel-polymer anchor; improvement of cast strips designs in combination with arch and anchor fasteners for reuse. Protection methods of mine workings and means of fastening often do not correspond to the peculiarities of the manifestation of rock pressure at the end sections of lavas and in zones of tectonic disturbances, as a result of which can become the main cause of the unsatisfactory state of the mine workings. Mathematical modeling of the rock massif stress-strain state has been carried out by the finite element method. Rigid and pliable cast strips, various technologies for erecting a cast strip, as well as a combination of cast strips with anchor and arch fasteners are modeled. The locations and sizes of rocks destruction zones, stresses in the rock mass for different options of fastening have been determined. The drawbacks of the existing technologies for the construction of cast strips are revealed and the factors for increasing their technical efficiency are established.
Fracture diagrams of prismatic specimens with an improved contact stress distribution law
Authors: Vasyliev Leonid , Vasyliev Dmytro , Malich Mykola , Zhuravkov Mikhail , Katan Volodymyr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The authors have previously improved the principles of distribution of contact normal and tangential stresses at the moment of destruction of the specimen on the basis of L. Prandtl’s method as applied to rocks. The article presents further development of the method for constructing out-of-limit curves of “stress - longitudinal deformation” diagrams of rocks. A comparative assessment of the proposed method for calculating diagrams in comparison with diagrams has been constructed by E.P.Unksov method. It has been found that the parameters of the diagrams differ in numerical values in direction of increasing the reliability. Comparison of the calculated diagrams “stress - ordinate of the crack tip” and “stress – deformation” according to the improved method and the method of E.P. Unksov testifies that the level of the current strength values decreases with the development of two cracks at small angles of internal friction. The proposed method allows to determine the ultimate strength and residual strength of rock samples using their shear strength, internal, and contact friction coefficients, elastic modulus, which by simple methods can be established experimentally in laboratories of mining enterprises. The results can be used to control the state of the rock mass and effective destruction during disintegration.
A dosimetric comparative analysis of Brainlab elements and Eclipse RapidArc for spine SBRT treatment planning
Authors: Deshazer Garron , Narayanasamy Ganesh , Bimali Milan , Galhardo Edvaldo , Kalantari Faraz , Xia Fen , Peñagarícano Jose , Morrill Steven 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose. This is a dosimetric study comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans of spine tumors using Brainlab Elements Spine planning module against Eclipse RapidArc plans. Dose conformity, dose gradient, dose fall-off, and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) metrics were evaluated. Methods:Twenty patients were immobilized in supine position using half Vac-Lok. A prescription dose of 16 Gy in a single fraction was planned for Varian TrueBeam. Conformal arc plans were generated with Pencil beam (PB), MonteCarlo (MC) in Elements, and RapidArc with Acuros XB algorithm in Eclipse using identical treatment geometry. Results. Eclipse, Elements PB, and Elements MC generated dosimetrically conformal plans having Inverse Paddick Conformity Index (IPCI) <1.3. All plans satisfied the dose constraints to target and OARs. Elements PB had a sharper gradient than Elements MC with average GI of 3.67(95% CI: 3.52–3.82) and 4.06 (95% CI: 3.93–4.20) respectively. Eclipse plans were more homogeneous with mean HI = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.20–1.23) that is lower than others. Average maximum clinical target volume (CTV) doses were higher in Elements MC with 22.31 Gy (95% CI: 21.87–22.74), while PB plans have 21.15 Gy (95% CI: 20.36–21.96), respectively. Elements MC and PB plans had lower average dose to 0.35 c.c. of spinal cord (D0.35cc) of 7.60 Gy (95% CI: 7.18–8.02) and 8.42 Gy (95% CI: 7.83–9.01). All plans had >95% points passing the gamma QA criteria at 3%/2 mm. Conclusion. All treatment plans achieved clinically acceptable target coverage >95% and meet spinal cord dose limits. Smart optimization in Brainlab Elements spine module produced dosimetrically superior plans by better spinal cord sparing.
A vulnerable residential environment is associated with higher risk of mortality and early transition to permanent residential aged care for community dwelling older South Australians
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Amare Azmeraw T , Edwards Suzanne , Inacio Maria , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the impact of the residential environment, measured by the Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable ENvironment (HAVEN) Index, on risk of mortality or entry into Permanent Residential Aged Care (PRAC).

Design
A retrospective cohort study using data from the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) was conducted. HAVEN Index values were matched to the ROSA by residential postcode.

Study setting and Participants
Older individuals living in metropolitan Adelaide and receiving their first eligibility assessment for aged care services between 2014 and 2016 (N = 16,944).

Main Outcome Measure
Time to death and entry into PRAC were the main outcomes.

Results
A higher HAVEN Index value, which represents a favourable residential environment, was associated with a lower risk of mortality and delayed entry to PRAC. For every 0.1 unit increase in HAVEN Index value, the risk of mortality is 3% lower (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97, 0.96–0.99) and the risk of entry to PRAC is 5% lower (adjusted subdistribution HR, 95%CI = 0.95, 0.94–0.97) in the first 2 years following aged care assessment. After 2 years, the HAVEN Index was not associated with the risk of transition to PRAC.

Conclusion
Place-based health inequalities were identified in Australians seeking aged care services, demonstrating that a better understanding of local neighbourhoods may provide insight into addressing ageing inequalities. Spatial indexes, such as the HAVEN Index, are useful tools to identify areas where populations are more vulnerable to adverse health outcomes, informing responses to prioritise local improvements and health interventions to enable healthy ageing.