bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Współczesne ujęcia empirycznego charakteru teologii duchowości
Authors: Miczyński Jan 
Published: June 2022

Artykuł przedstawia współczesną refleksję nad wyodrębnioną z nauk teologicznych w XX wieku – teologią duchowości. Wyjaśnia jej empiryczny charakter, który polega na badaniu doświadczenia duchowego konkretnych ludzi – czy to bezpośrednio (przez obserwację), czy też pośrednio (poprzez teksty). Analizując wybraną współczesną literaturę, artykuł ukazuje różne koncepcje możliwości teologicznego poznania doświadczenia. Przybliża metody badawcze stosowane aktualnie przez teologów duchowości (obok metod tradycyjnych: dedukcyjnej, opisowej, fenomenologicznej).
Artykuł ukazuje proponowane nowe metody, ocenia je i grupuje w sposób następujący: a) metody poznawania poprzez osobiste doświadczenie; b) metody obserwacji; c) metody interpretacji tekstów – hermeneutyczne; d) metody stanowiące zasadę scalającą. Poprowadzona w ten sposób analiza współczesnej refleksji dotyczącej empirycznego charakteru duchowości, prowadzi no następujących wniosków: a) dostrzega się wiele prób poszukiwana nowych, bardziej szczegółowych metod poznawania doświadczenia duchowego ludzi; b) teologia duchowości inspiruje się w tym wieloma naukami humanistycznymi; c) wielość metod podkreśla wielowymiarowość ludzkiego doświadczenia, misterium ludzkiej osoby; d) przy skupieniu się tylko na jednej metodzie szczegółowej, istnieje niebezpieczeństwo redukcjonizmu; e) potrzebna jest jakaś metoda scalająca wszystkie inne metody – wydaje się, że może być nią metoda personalistyczna.
System personalistyczny przyjmuje, że kluczem hermeneutycznym do rozumienia wszelkiego doświadczenia jest misterium osoby.
Postrzeganie kredytów hipotecznych wyrażonych w walucie obcej przez młode pokolenie w Polsce
Authors: Buta Bartosz 
Published: June 2022

Cel artykułu: Celem artykułu jest ocena opinii młodego pokolenia na temat kredytów hipotecznych wyrażonych w walucie obcej.
Metodyka: Analiza przeprowadzona została na podstawie danych zebranych za pomocą badania naukowego w formie ankiety o tytule „Postrzeganie kredytów hipotecznych wyrażonych w walucie obcej przez młode pokolenie w Polsce” zawierającej pytania zamknięte i otwarte. Badanie przeprowadzono na losowej próbie 327 obiektów za pomocą metody CAWI.
Wyniki/Rezultaty badania: Analiza wyników badania wykazała, że młode osoby charakteryzują się awersją do kredytów wszelkiego typu, między innymi kredytów wyrażonych w walucie obcej. Strach przed tymi produktami w dużej mierze bierze się ze złych doświadczeń osób bliskich oraz niewiedzy samych ankietowanych, którzy niejednokrotnie wykazywali się słabą znajomością kredytów oraz warunków spłacania tego zobowiązania. Pomimo złego nastawiania bardzo wiele osób nadal planuje i zamierza zaciągnąć kredyt oraz dostrzega ich zalety. Brak wiedzy na temat kredytów oraz nieefektywne sposoby uzupełnienia jej mogą skutkować niespłacaniem zobowiązania. Konieczna jest poprawa efektywności programów informacyjnych instytucji publicznych związanych z ryzykiem umów kredytowych dla klienta, co wykazano na bazie doświadczeń związanych z kampanią KNF i UOKiK dotyczącą ryzyka stopy procentowej.
تكوين البيئة اللغوية على أساس نظرية التعليم القائم على الدماغ (دراسة الحالة في مدرسة عباد الرحمن الثانوية الاسلامية مالانج)
Authors: Nurul Fauzi Firman 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKPembentukan lingkungan bahasa merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa Arab sebagai media pembiasaan dalam penggunaan bahasa Arab. Pembentukan lingkungan bahasa mendukung pemelajar bahasa dalam pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Dalam pembentukan lingkungan bahasa menerapkan kegiatan yang mampu merangsang otak untuk belajar. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan kegiatan pembentukan lingkungan bahasa berdasarkan teori pembelajaran berbasis otak, (2) mendeskripsikan mata pelajaran yang mendukung pembentukan lingkungan bahasa berdasarkan teori pembelajaran berbasis otak di MA Ibadurrachman Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil dalam artikel ini adalah: (1) adanya kegiatan-kegiatan pembenukan lingkungan bahasa berdasarkan teori pembelajaran berbasis otak yaitu menghafal mufrodat, penerapan ilmu bahasa, pembiasaan penggunaan bahasa Arab dalam kegiatan seharihari dan pembelajaran serta pembiasaan kemampuan mendengar. (2) Terdapat tiga mata pelajaran yang mendukung pembentukan lingkungan bahasa berdasarkan teori pembelajaran berbasis otak yaitu mata pelajaran bahasa Arab Wajib, pengembangan dan pendalaman bahasa Arab serta ilmu nahwu

ملخص
تكوين البيئة اللغوية مهم جدا في عملية تعليم اللغة العربية كوسيلة لممارسة استخدام اللغة العربية. وتدعم البيئة اللغوية على اكتساب اللغة الثانية لدى متعلم اللغة. ويمكن في تكوين البيئة اللغوية تطبيق عمليات تدعم على حفز الدماغ للتعلم. يهدف هذه المقالة: (1) لوصف عمليات تكوين البيئة اللغوية على أساس نظرية التعليم القائم على الدماغ، (2) لوصف المواد المدعمة على تكوين البيئة اللغوية على أساس نظرية التعليم القائم على الدماغ في مدرسة عباد الرحمن الثنوية الاسلامية مالانج. أسلوب جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي المقابلة والملاحظة والتوثيق. وأما النتائج من هذه المقالة هي: (1) توجد عمليات تكوين البيئة اللغوية على أساس نظرية التعليم القائم على الدماغ يعني حفظ المفردات وتطبيق علوم اللغة وممارسة استخدام اللغة العربية في عملية يومية وتعليم وممارسة الاستماع. (2) والمواد المدعمة في تكوين البيئة اللغوية على أساس نظرية التعليم القائم على الدماغ فيها ثلاثة مواد يعني مواد اللغة العربية الواجبة ومواد تطوير وتعميق اللغة العربية وعلم النحو.
عملية اكتساب اللغة العربية لطلاب البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج في ضوء فرضية كراشن
Authors: Saraswati Ananda Nova 
Published: June 2022

In the process of learning language there are two phenomena, namely language acquisition and language learning. As did the PKPBA UIN Malang institution in learning Arabic, there is acquisition and language learning. The process of formal language acquisition can be seen in the learning process in the classroom. As for the process of obtaining language naturally can be seen from the bi'ah lughawiyah held in each class. The purpose of this article is: (1) To describe the process of obtaining the language of PKPBA UIN Malang students according to krashen hypothesis theory. (2) Knowing the language acquisition activities of PKPBA UIN Malang students. The methods used in this article are interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results in this article are: (1) The process of obtaining the language of STUDENTS of PKPBA UIN Malang in accordance with the five krashen hypotheses (the hypothesis of obtaining and learning the language, the natural sequence hypothesis, the monitoring hypothesis, the input hypothesis, and the affective filter hypothesis). (2) The language acquisition activities of PKPBA UIN Malang students are scientific debates, Arabic discussions, storytelling of daily activities, Arabic conversations, Arabic language competitions between classroom languages, and mukhayyam 'arabiy.

كان مظاهران في تعليم اللغة العربية في البرنامج المكثف لتعيم اللغة العربية في الجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج، وهما اكتساب اللغة وتعلم اللغة. وكذلك في البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية، كان مظاهران في تعليم اللغة العربية أي اكتساب اللغة العربية وتعلمها. وظهرت عملية اكتساب اللغة العربية رسميا في عملية تعليم اللغة في الفصل. وقد ظهر أيضا اكتساب اللغة العربية طبيعيا بالبيئة اللغوية الموجودة في كل فصول الطلاب. أما أهداف هذا المقال أن تكون: (1) لوصف عملية اكتساب اللغة لطلاب البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج بضوء فرضية كراشن. (2) لمعرفة أنشطة اكتساب اللغة العربية لطلاب البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج. أما طريقة جمع البيانات المستخدمة في هذا المقال هي مقابلة، واستبانة، وملاحظة، وتوثيق. أما نتيجة المقال هي: (1) كانت عملية اكتساب اللغة العربية لطلاب البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج مناسبة على فرضيات كراشن أي فرضية الكتساب اللغة وتعلمها، وفرضية الترتيب الطبيعي، وفرضية الرقابة، وفرضية المدخل، وفرضية المصفات الوجداني. (2) كانت أنشطة اكتساب اللغة العربية في البرنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج هي: المناظرة العلمية، والمناقشة العربية، وتقديم القصة اليومية، والمحادثة بالعربية، والمسابقة العربية بين الفصول، والمخيم العربي.
Sanksi Pidana Penjara Bagi Anak yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Dalam Perspektif Ultimum Remedium
Authors: Pamungkas Rizaldi Tri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on the provisions of Article 2 letter I of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, namely deprivation of independence and sentencing as a last resort. In every judicial process, children have the right not to be arrested, detained, or imprisoned, except as a last resort and in the shortest time as stated in Article 3 letter g of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The makers of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act regarding crimes and actions that there is no obligation for judges to impose criminal penalties and the first thing that can be sentenced is action. Judging from the order of imprisonment is the last order, namely the last one mentioned. However. in practice there are still children who are decided by the judge with imprisonment. In Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, it is not clear that the limitations related to the imposition of imprisonment on children are not clearly regulated.
Keywords: Imprisonment; Children in Conflict with the Law; Murder; Ultimum Remedium.
Abstrak
Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 2 huruf I Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yaitu perampasan kemerdekaan dan pemidanaan sebagai upaya terakhir. Dalam setiap proses peradilan, Anak berhak untuk tidak ditangkap, ditahan, atau dipenjara, kecuali sebagai upaya terakhir dan dalam waktu yang paling singkat sebagaimana bunyi Pasal 3 huruf g Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Para pembentuk Undang-undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak merumuskan tentang pidana dan tindakan bahwa memang tidak ada kewajiban Hakim untuk menjatuhkan pidana dan yang bisa dijatuhi adalah pertama itu tindakan. Dilihat dari urutannya pidana penjara merupakan urutan yang paling akhir yaitu yang paling belakang disebutkan. Namun. dalam prakteknya masih ada anak yang diputus oleh Hakim dengan pidana penjara. Dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak tidak diatur jelas batasan-batasan terkait penjatuhan pidana penjara.
Kata Kunci: Sanksi Pidana Penjara; Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum; Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan; Ultimum Remedium.
Age and Chemostratigraphy of the Finlayson Lake District, Yukon: Implications for Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Mineralization and Tectonics along the Western Laurentian Continental Margin
Authors: Manor Matthew J. , Piercey Stephen J. , Murphy Donald C. , Wall Corey J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Finlayson Lake district, Yukon, represents one of the first arc–back-arc systems that formed adjacent to the Laurentian continental margin in the mid-Paleozoic. Back-arc rocks contain many large and high-grade volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. This study integrates U-Pb zircon geochronology, lithogeochemistry, and Hf-Nd isotopes to establish precise controls on tectonomagmatic activity adjacent to the western Laurentian margin in the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian. High-precision chemical abrasion- (CA-) ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon geochronology defines coeval arc (ca. 363.1 to 348 Ma) and back-arc (ca. 363.3 to 355.0 Ma) magmatism in the Finlayson Lake district that intruded continental crust of Laurentian affinity (e.g., Snowcap assemblage). Mafic and felsic rocks display geochemical and isotopic characteristics that are consistent with being formed from mixtures of depleted asthenosphere and enriched lithospheric mantle sources. These melts variably entrained Laurentian continental crust via high-temperature crustal melting due to basaltic underplating. The high-temperature back-arc felsic magmatism occurs at specific time periods coinciding with VMS deposits and supports previous genetic models for VMS mineralization that suggest elevated heat flow and hydrothermal circulation were due to regional-scale rift-related magmatism rather than from local subvolcanic intrusions. The short timescales and transient nature of tectonomagmatic events in the Finlayson Lake district suggest that rapid and complex subduction initiation of oceanic and continental crust fragments facilitated coeval compression, extension, and magmatism in the arc and back-arc regions. We thus reevaluate the presently accepted tectonostratigraphic framework of the Finlayson Lake district and suggest revised interpretations that shed light on VMS depositional environments and a possible broader association with the ca. 358 Ma Antler Orogeny. Results of this study have implications for incipient tectonics, magmatism, and mineralization along the western Laurentian continental margin and other orogenic belts globally.
Numerical Analysis on the Joint Weakening Effect of Rock Mass Behaviors in Tension
Authors: Zhao Yang , Ning Jianguo , Jiang Lishuai , Wang Qingbiao , Yuan Anying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The presence of joints and other types of discontinuities has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of rock, especially for tensile properties to fundamentally influence the stability of rock excavations. The main challenge associated with the experimental research on jointed rock lies in the difficulty to carry out amount of direct tensile tests for analysis of the effect of joint geometric parameters on mechanical properties. In this study, a particle flow model was established by utilizing the flat-joint contact model (FJM) to represent the rock materials. After microscopic parameter calibration, 53 sets of the numerical model were used for investigating the relationship between jointed geometric parameters and tensile mechanical properties. The results show that the crack initiation is related to trace length l and joint angle β, and the tensile-shear crack will appear as β increase. The uniaxial tension strength σt and β had first a weak negative correlation and then a positive correlation as the β increases, which was consistent with mathematical calculations. Furthermore, the relative importance (RI) analysis showed that the β plays a decisive role among the joint geometric parameters for affecting σt, and the effect factors of σt were joint angle β, length l, density n, and aperture d in that order. The present research can be utilized for multiple purposes in the field of jointed rock engineering, such as prediction of surrounding rock instability analysis and estimating the variable values in the inversion analysis in practical engineering projects.
Replacement of prolonged-acting octreotide with lanreotide autogel 120 mg in patients with Acromegaly in real clinical practice
Authors: Tsoy U. A. , Kravchuk E. N. , Dalmatova A. B. , Belousova L. V. , Grineva E. N. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. In the cases of neurosurgery failure in acromegaly treatment, drug therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) octreotide or lanreotide is indicated. The effectiveness of SSA is limited by the presence of resistance, there is an opinion that in some cases it can be overcome by replacing one drug with another.Aim. Own experience analysis of transferring acromegaly patients from therapy with long-acting octreotide to lanreotide autogel 120 mg.Materials and methods. The case histories of acromegaly patients who were recommended to replace long-acting octreotide therapy with lanreotide therapy 120 mg were analyzed. GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) dynamics was evaluated at least 6 months after the replacement of the drug. The target value for GH was considered to be less than 2.5 micrograms/l, for IGF-1 – an excess of no more than 30% of the upper normal limit.Results. 24 patients were transferred to lanreotide therapy 120 mg. Of the 19 patients with insufficient reduction of GH and IGF-1 on prolonged-acting octreotide therapy at a dose of 40 mg every 28 days (OCT40) the prescription of lanreotide 120 mg every 28 days (LAN120) led to the target values of both GH and IGF-1 in 4 (21%) cases. These patients had no more than a twofold excess of IGF-1, and the level of GH was less than 2.5 mcg/l on the background of OCT 40 therapy. In 6 (32%) patients, IGF-1 levels normalized or decreased, but GH remained outside the target values. In 9 (47%) cases, the replacement of the SSA did not lead to a significant positive dynamics in the levels of GH and IGF-1. The effects of lanreotide therapy 120 mg in another five patients initially treated with octreotide 20 mg are also described.Conclusions. Replacement of OCT4 with LAN120 may be effective in some patients with acromegaly. A slight increase in the level of IGF-1 together with the target values of GH before replacing the SSA may be the predictor of success.
Features of the intestinal microbiome in patients with thyroid diseases
Authors: Solovev M. V. , Raevskiy K. P. , Sorokin A. N. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Today the search and development of new methods for diagnosing organic or functional pathology of the thyroid gland with an asymptomatic or clinically nonspecific course is an urgent task of endocrinology and therapy. The functioning of the thyroid gland and the state of the human intestinal microbiome are dynamically interrelated. One of the considered promising methods is mass spectrometry of microbial markers of the human intestinal microbiota.The purpose of the study. To study the microbial spectrum and characteristics of the biotic environment of the intestine in patients with thyroid diseases.Materials and methods. 21 patients were examined (8 men and 13 women, median age 40.5 [31.75; 54] years, respectively; 15 with thyroid disease, 6 without thyroid disease). In addition to the standard clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination, patients, colon contents were examined by chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial materials. The work used descriptive non-parametric statistics with subsequent interpretation. Mean values of indicators and their variance are presented as median, upper and lower quartiles. In relation to representatives of the fecal microbiota, in addition to absolute values, the frequency of occurrence of the microorganism within the reference range, moderate or pronounced deviations was taken into account. The determination of the statistical significance of differences in the relative frequency value was carried out using Fisher’s exact test. The presentation of the results is implemented in the form of range diagrams, compactly depicting a one-dimensional probability distribution, tables. Results. Differences in the composition of the microbiota of the control group and the experimental group for Alcaligenes spp., Staphylococcus spp., Megamonas hypermegale, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were revealed.Conclusions. The development of thyroid gland pathology is accompanied by significant deviations in the composition of the fecal microbiota, determined by mass spectrometry of microbial markers. In persons with thyroid pathology, in the absence of clinically significant external influences on the intestinal microbiome, a pronounced decrease in the level of Alcaligenes spp., Staphylococcus spp., is detected, a tendency to a decrease in the level of Megamonas hypermegale, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is determined. Further differentiated study of the composition of the intestinal microbiome in patients with thyroid diseases is required, depending on the nosological affiliation and the nature of the endocrine dysfunction.
Comparison efficacy of different regimens of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and morbid obesity
Authors: Maloletkina E. S. , Gurova O. Y. , Glinkina I. V. , Amosova M. V. , Shyman Zh. Zh. , Khaykina I. A. , Kalashnikova M. F. , Fadeev V. V. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, an inevitable decrease in the secretion of β-cells of the pancreas occurs, which requires the initiation of insulin therapy. Currently, there have been no studies evaluating the features of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes type 2 and morbid obesity.Objective. To compare the effectiveness of different insulin therapy regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and morbid obesity. Materials and methods. 140 patients with diabetes type 2 and morbid obesity were included in a 24-week prospective, non-blinded, randomized clinical study. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1 – received basic-bolus insulin therapy in combination with metformin (n = 40); 2 – used prandial insulin in combination with metformin (n = 40); 3 – basal insulin in combination with empagliflozin and metformin (n = 30); 4 – received prandial insulin in combination with empagliflozin and metformin (n = 30). Initially, after 12 and 24 weeks, the level of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and during the day, body weight, daily insulin doses, frequency of hypoglycemia, and albumin in daily urine were assessed.Results. After 24 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the achieved HbA1c level between the groups (p = 0.65); in groups 3 and 4, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight, daily doses of insulin and frequency of hypoglycemia compared to the first and second treatment groups (p = 0.029, p < 0.001 and p < 0,001, respectively); also registered a decrease in albumin in daily urine by 27% during the study period compared with the first and second treatment groups (p = 0.044).Conclusions. Administration of iSGLT-2 in combination with both basal and prandial insulin in patients with diabetes type 2 and morbid obesity has advantages over the basic-bolus regimen and the regimen of multiple prandial injections, despite the comparable efficacy.