bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Policies and Their Implementation in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kassa Melkamu Dugassa , Grace Jeanne Martin 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To synthesize the existing evidence on NCD policy equity, policy practices, and policy implementation gaps to prevent NCDs in African countries.Methods: Following the PRISMA-Extension for equity-focused review guidelines, the authors systematically searched documentary evidence from seven databases (BMC, CINHAL Plus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify studies conducted and published on African countries between April 2013 and December 31, 2020.Results: From identified 213 records, 21 studies were included in the final synthesis. Major results showed inadequate studies on NCD policy, unsatisfactory NCD-related policy development, poor policy implementation, lack of policy equity to combat NCDs, and lack of data recorded on NCDs’ prevalence, morbidity, and mortality.Conclusion: The rigorous WHO-endorsed NCD policies and prevention strategies on the African continent might debar African policymakers and leaders from developing and implementing indigenous NCD-combating strategies. Continent-wide innovative and indigenous NCD-prevention policies and policy equity to effectively prevent, control, and manage NCDs must be developed by African scientists and policymakers.
The potential of general practice to support young people who self-harm: a narrative review
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Dikomitis Lisa , Babatunde Opeyemi O , Chew-Graham Carolyn A 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSelf-harm in young people is a growing public health concern. Young people commonly present to their GP for help with self-harm, and thus general practice may be a key setting to support young people who have self-harmed.AimTo examine the potential of general practice to support young people aged 10–25 years who have harmed themselves.Design & settingA narrative review of published and grey literature.MethodThe Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) was used to guide a narrative review to examine the potential of general practice to support young people who have self-harmed. The evidence is presented textually.ResultsThe included evidence showed that GPs have a key role in supporting young people, and they sometimes relied on gut feeling when handling uncertainty on how to help young people who had self-harmed. Young people described the importance of initial clinician responses after disclosing self-harm, and if they were perceived to be negative, the self-harm could become worse.ConclusionIn context of the evidence included, this review found that general practice is a key setting for the identification and management of self-harm in young people; but improvements are needed to enhance general practice care for young people to fulfil its potential.
Features of the Ultrastructural Organization of a Placenta Previa
Authors: Лакатош П.В. , Стеченко Л.А. , Венцковский Б.М. , Лакатош В.П. , Поладич И.В. , Антонюк М.И. 
Published: February 2022

Введение. Предлежание плаценты является одной из важных проблем в современном акушерстве, так как аномалии ее расположения в нетипичном месте являются основной причиной массивных акушерских кровотечений. Кровотечения, возникающие во время беременности или в родах, характеризуются высоким риском материнской и перинатальной смертности. Цель исследования - оценить морфофункциональные изменения в плаценте у беременных с предлежанием плаценты. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 122 беременных с предлежанием плаценты, которые в течение 2005-2020 гг. были госпитализированы в Перинатальный центр г. Киева и родоразрешены в сроке гестации 36+6 недель и 38-39 недель беременности. 10 пациентам с предлежанием плаценты было произведено электронно-микроскопическое исследование плаценты. Результаты. Установили, что при предлежании плаценты в нижнем сегменте матки четко отслеживаются изменения в элементах гемохориального (плацентарного) барьера. Прежде всего, наблюдаются обтурация просветов кровеносных капилляров и отек эндотелиального выстеленных эндотелиоцитов и окружающей их соединительной ткани, в которой отмечаются пузыри с жидкостью отека, истончение выстеленных лимфатических сосудов. В венулярных сосудах определяется сладж-феномен, характеризующийся адгезией и агрегацией форменных элементов крови, что приводит к нарушению микроциркуляции и гипоксии.
Introduction. Placenta previa is one of the important problems in modern obstetrics, as abnormalities in the location of the placenta in an atypical location are the main cause of massive obstetric bleeding. Bleeding occurring during pregnancy or childbirth is characterized by a high risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. The purpose of the study was to evaluate morphofunctional changes in the placenta in pregnant women with placenta previa. Materials and methods. We examined 122 pregnant women who were hospitalized and delivered at the Perinatal Center of Kyiv during 2005-2020 of the gestation period of 36 + 6 weeks and 38- 39 weeks of pregnancy. Electron microscopic examination of the placenta was performed in 10 patients with placenta previa. Results. It was found that in the placenta in the conditions of presentation in the lower pole of the uterus clearly observed changes in the elements of the hemochorionic (placental) barrier. First of all, there is obstruction of the lumens of blood capillaries and edema of the endothelial lining. In venular vessels the sludge phenomenon characterized by adhesion and aggregation of uniform elements of blood is defined, leads to disturbance of microcirculation and hypoxia.
Anxiety and Aggression in the Context of COVID-19: Sex and Cultural Differences (on the Example of Minsk and Moscow)
Authors: Буркова В.Н. , Каспарова Е.Н. , Бутовская М.Л. 
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены на примере двух крупных городов (столиц) – Москвы (Россия) и Минска (Беларусь) – результаты исследования культурных и половых различий уровня тревожности и агрессии во время первой волны пандемии COVID-19 в зависимости от принятых мер в каждой стране.Материалы и методы. В Минске опрошены 239 человек (110 мужчин и 129 женщин, средний возраст 19,47±3,27), в Москве – 233 человека (67 мужчин и 166 женщин, средний возраст 23,41±7,19). Для оценки уровня тревожности были использованы шкала ГТР-7 и опросник ситуативной тревожности Ч. Спилбергера, уровня агрессивного поведения – опросник Басса – Перри.Результаты. Полученные по обоим опросникам тревожности результаты указывают на больший уровень тревожности женщин по сравнению с мужчинами как в минской, так и в московской выборках. При этом кросс-культурное сравнение данных показало, что уровень тревожности, равно как и агрессии, выше у русских респондентов из Москвы по сравнению с беларусами из Минска. На повышение уровня тревоги значимо влияют такие факторы, как агрессивная реакция на официальные сообщения в России и Беларуси, а также изменения дохода на фоне пандемии в Беларуси.Выводы. При сравнении уровня тревоги и агрессии в двух выборках можно заключить, что москвичи, по сравнению с минчанами, были более стрессированы и агрессивны в период первой волны распространения коронавируса.
The article presents the results of the study of cultural and sex differences in the level of anxiety and aggression during the “first” wave of the COVID-19 pandemic depending on the restrictions taken in each country, using two major cities (capitals) – Moscow (Russia) and Minsk (Belarus) as examples. Materials and methods. In Minsk, 239 people (110 men and 129 women; mean age – 19.47±3.27), in Moscow, 233 people (67 men and 166 women; mean age – 23.41±7.19) were interviewed. The GAD-7 scale and the Spielberger Situational Anxiety Inventory were used to assess the level of anxiety; the Bass – Perry questionnaire was used to assess the level of aggressive behavior.Results. There was demonstrated a higher level of anxiety among women if compared to men in both samples (Minsk and Moscow). A cross-cultural comparison of the data revealed that the levels of anxiety and aggression were higher among Russian respondents from Moscow if compared to the Belarusians from Minsk. The factors of aggressive reactions to official prescriptions in Russia and Belarus and change of income during the pandemic in Belarus had a significant influence on the increased level of anxiety.Conclusion. Comparing of the level of anxiety and aggression in the two samples showed that Moscow respondents were more stressed and aggressive during the first wave of coronavirus spread.
Evidence Base for the Use of Alpha-Interferon Preparations for ARVI
Authors: Жильцов И.В. , Голубев С.А. , Брухнов А.В. , Шнипов А.С. 
Published: February 2022

В настоящее время клиническая эффективность препаратов рекомбинантных альфа-интерферонов при острых респираторных вирусных инфекциях (ОРВИ) является предметом интенсивных дискуссий медицинских специалистов. Мы проанализировали опубликованные результаты и качество клинических исследований, посвященных оценке клинической эффективности и безопасности препаратов альфа-интерферонов для применения при ОРВИ, и в частности при COVID-19. Показано, что данные лекарственные средства, применяемые интраназально, могут быть эффективны в постконтактной профилактике ОРВИ (прежде всего риновирусной инфекции, в меньшей степени - других ОРВИ, включая сезонный грипп). Интраназальное применение ИФН-α2 также несколько облегчает течение случаев ОРВИ, развившихся на фоне подобной профилактики. Профилактическая и терапевтическая эффективность препаратов интерферонов при COVID-19 возможна, однако нуждается в дальнейшем подтверждении в клинических исследованиях. При этом местное применение препаратов ИФН-α2 для профилактики и лечения различных ОРВИ является достаточно безопасным.
Currently, the clinical efficacy of recombinant alpha-interferon preparations in acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is a subject for intense discussion among medical specialists. We have analyzed the published results of clinical trials defined by satisfactory methodological quality and devoted to assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of alpha-interferon preparations for local administration in ARVI and, in particular, in COVID-19. It was showed that these drugs administered intranasally can be effective in post-exposure ARVI prevention (primarily the rhinovirus infection, to a lesser extent - other ARVI, including seasonal influenza). Besides, intranasal administration of IFN-α2 facilitates the course of ARVI cases following such prevention. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of interferon preparations in COVID-19 is possible, but needs further confirmation in clinical trials. At the same time, the local use of IFN-α2 preparations for the prevention and treatment of ARVI is sufficiently safe for patients.
Acute Urticaria in Children: Key Issues in Clinical Practice
Authors: Наконечна А.А. , Банадыга Н.В. 
Published: February 2022

Острая крапивница у детей является довольно частым неотложным состоянием, с которым встречаются медицинские работники различных специальностей. Обращает на себя внимание не столько тяжесть состояния, сколько высокая частота обращений за неотложной помощью и госпитализаций. В мире используются Британские, Американские, Канадские, Австралийские рекомендации по ведению острой крапивницы, которые в своей основе имеют идентичные подходы к диагностике и лечению. Однако отсутствие отечественных протоколов впедиатрии сопряжено с рядом неоднозначных подходов к проблеме. В частности, требуется определение четких показаний к госпитализации, объему, составу, последовательности неотложной медикаментозной терапии, выявление группы риска больных - склонных к развитию хронической крапивницы. В настоящее время обращается внимание на роль инфекционных возбудителей при острой крапивнице в детском возрасте, что требует углубленного исследования. Необходимо четко определить роль врача первичного звена в случае крапивницы у ребенка не только в отношении неотложной помощи, но и в последующем наблюдении за пациентом, дифференцированном и обоснованном направлении к аллергологу. Именно сложным практическим вопросам ведения и лечения пациента посвящена эта дискуссионная статья.
Acute urticaria in children is a common emergency condition encountered by healthcare professionals of various specialties. Attention should be paid not only to the condition severity, but also to the high frequency of emergency department attendances and hospitalizations. The British, American, Canadian, Australian recommendations on the management of acute urticaria that basically have identical approaches to diagnosis and treatment are used worldwide. However, the absence of domestic protocols in pediatrics is associated with a number of ambiguous approaches to the problem. It is required to determine clear indications for hospitalization, combination, sequence of emergency medications, and identification of the risk group patients that are prone to development of chronic urticaria. Currently, attention is paid to the role of infectious agents in acute urticaria in childhood, which requires in-depth research. It is necessary to clearly define the primary care role in management and treatment of urticaria in children, not only with regard to emergency care, but also in the subsequent patient’s observation and justified referral to allergist. This discussion article is devoted to the complex practical issues of patient management and treatment.
Implementasi Blended Learning Pada Pembelajaran SKI MI Sebagai Penguatan Literasi Digital Mendesain E-Learning Berbasis Blogger Dan Google Form
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Rifa'i Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

<p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pembelajaran online merupakan solusi alternatif yang harus dikembangkan oleh para pendidik seperti pembelajaran online berbasis <em>blogger</em> dan evaluasi online berbasis <em>google form, </em>disaat pengembangan <em>e-learning</em> yang mahal dan perlu SDM terampil dalam mengembangkan teknologi pendidikan. Oleh karena itu calon pendidik khususnya mahasiswa keguruan harus dibekali kompetensi ini sebagai penguatan literasi digital. Metode peneltian menggunakan metode kombinasi model <em>sequential exploratory design, </em>pada tahap awal menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif kemudian selanjutnya menggunakan metode kuantitatif<em> </em>deskriptif. Hasil penelitian implementasi <em>blended learning</em> diterapkan dengan menggunakan <em>Alternative Model Blended Learning </em>terdiri lima tahapan yaitu 1) membuat rumusan capaian pembelajaran, 2) mendeskripsikan dan menyusun materi pembelajaran, dan<em> </em>3) menetapkan dan menentukan aktivitas pembelajaran. Kemampuan literasi digital mahasiswa dalam mendesain pembelajaran berbasis <em>blogger</em> menunjukkan 60% mahasiswa mampu mendesain e<em>-learning</em> berbasis <em>blogger</em> dengan sangat baik, sedangkan kemampuan literasi digital mahasiswa dalam mendesain evaluasi berbasis <em>google form</em> menunjukkan 70% mahasiswa mampu mendesain evaluasi online berbasis <em>google form</em> dengan sangat baik.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Online learning is an alternative solution that must be developed by educators such as online learning based on bloggers and online evaluation based on google forms, while developing e-learning is expensive and requires skilled human resources in developing educational technology. Therefore, prospective educators, especially teacher students, must be equipped with this competency as a strengthening of digital literacy. The research method uses a combination method of sequential exploratory design models, at the initial stage using descriptive qualitative methods and then using descriptive quantitative methods. The results of the research on the implementation of blended learning were applied using the Alternative Model Blended Learning consisting of five stages, namely 1) formulating learning outcomes, 2) describing and compiling learning materials, and 3) setting and determining learning activities. Students' digital literacy ability in designing blogger-based learning shows 60% of students are able to design blogger-based e-learning very well, while students' digital literacy skills in designing google form-based evaluations show that 70% of students are able to design google form-based online evaluations very well.</em></p>
Le primarie in Italia: ancora e soltanto personalizzazione della politica?
Authors: Bolgherini Silvia , Musella Fortunato 
Published: February 2022

In Italia il recente fenomeno delle primarie ha contribuito a riportare nella discussione politica alcuni grandi temi delle democrazie contemporanee. Il dibattito sorto, soprattutto, in occasione delle primarie nel 2005, se da un lato ha riguardato gli scopi e le potenzialità di questo strumento, dall’altro si è poi allargato ed ha spaziato su molti aspetti della vita democratica: dalla partecipazione politica al direttismo, dal potere delle oligarchie alla rivincita decisionale del popolo, dalla selezione – effettiva o solo fittizia – delle elìtes politiche ai risvolti plebiscitari. Temi noti, ma esaminati da una prospettiva inedita, dovuta alla novità di uno strumento di selezione della classe politica praticamente sconosciuto alla prassi politica italiana.
Un aspetto che invece non è stato considerato, o almeno non abbastanza, in questa fase di rinnovata discussione politica, è quello della personalizzazione, e come questa si possa in qualche modo mettere in relazione con l’arrivo fulmineo – e sorprendente nel loro successo – delle primarie. Un disinteresse paradossale se si considera che il fenomeno della personalizzazione politica, che ha interessato negli ultimi anni la democrazia italiana come tanti altri sistemi politici occidentali, non sembra affatto essere in crisi. Non solo, ma a nostro avviso alcuni aspetti della personalizzazione politica possono farci meglio comprendere il fenomeno stesso delle primarie ed i connotati che ha assunto nei casi italiani.
Le primarie hanno infatti suscitato adesioni totali o forti perplessità, ma pochissima attenzione è stata dedicata alle molte, e diverse, possibili applicazioni del nuovo strumento. Il nesso fra primarie e democrazia può invece essere meglio colto proprio analizzando i vari modi e le differenti ragioni per cui le elezioni primarie vengono utilizzate.
In questo studio cercheremo perciò di vedere se, come, e in quali circostanze, la personalizzazione della politica si intrecci con particolari caratteristiche delle elezioni primarie, aiutandoci a distinguerne le fattispecie e a interpretare il fenomeno nel suo complesso.
Le prime elezioni regionali in Toscana (1970 e 1975): formazione e tipologia di un nuovo ceto politico
Authors: Baccetti Carlo 
Published: February 2022

Perchè oggi?
La Toscana Regione "aperta".
Il ruolo predominante del partito.
I politici di professione.
Le carriere successive.
I nuovi eletti della seconda legislatura: caratteristiche.
Una riflessione per l'oggi.
Komisaris Independen sebagai Pemoderasi Pengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak
Authors: Yossanda Talitha Valmai , Rahmanto Basuki Toto 
Published: February 2022

This study discusses the effect of the earnings management, capital intensity, and liquidity on tax aggressiveness of public offering shares listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange with the independent commissioner as moderation. This research examines in 2015-2019. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling method and the number of samples is 34 companies. The research analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that Earnings Management has a significant positive, capital intensity has a significant negative while liquidity has no significant effect. The moderate independent commissioner is not able to moderate the influence of capital intensity and the influence of liquidity on tax aggressiveness while the independent commissioner can moderate the influence of earnings management on tax aggressiveness.
AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh manajemen laba, intensitas modal dan likuiditas terhadap agresivitas pajak pada saham-saham yang diterbitkan secara publik oleh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan komisaris independen sebagai moderasi. Penelitian ini diteliti pada periode 2015-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling dan jumlah sampel sebesar 34 perusahaan. Analisis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan analisis regresi moderasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap agresivitas pajak, intensitas modal berpengaruh negatif terhadap agresivitas pajak sedangkan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak. Komisaris independen tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh intensitas modal dan likuiditas terhadap agresivitas pajak sedangkan komisaris independen dapat memoderasi pengaruh manajemen laba terhadap agresivitas pajak. Kata Kunci: agresivitas pajak, intensitas modal, komisaris independen, likuiditas, manajemen laba.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Syariah Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Masitoh Siti , Zannati Rachma 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze Islamic financing; Mudharabah, Murabahah, Financing To Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Financing on the financial performance of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Based on the sampling criteria, there are 15 Islamic Banks, namely a combination of Islamic Commercial Banks and Sharia Business Units with a research period of 5 years (2014-2018). The research analysis used is panel data regression analysis using E-Views 10. Based on the results of data analysis, only Non-Performing Financing has a significant effect on Return on Assets. Meanwhile, Mudharabah, Murabahah, and Financing to Deposit Ratio have no significant effect on Return On Assets. The research implication is that not all Islamic financing can contribute to the financial performance of Islamic banking.
Keywords: Mudharabah, Murabahah, Financing to Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Financing and Profitability.
Pengaruh Return on Asset, Earning Per Share, Price Earning Ratio Terhadap Return Saham
Authors: Safira Laras , Budiharjo Roy 
Published: February 2022

This research aims to know the influence of Return On Asset (ROA), Earning Per Share (EPS), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) on Stock Return of Insurance company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013 - 2017. Data used is secondary data based on the annual report taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, company website, and support sources. The technique of data analysis is multiple linear regression, which is proceeded with SPSS 21. This study uses purposive sampling and 11 of 14insurance sector companies listed in IDX used as a sample. The research result shows that Return On Asset (ROA), Earning Per Share (EPS), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) in 2013 – 2017 simultaneous and partially positive significantly affected by the stock return