bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to hyperthermic stress in cocaine addicts after a long period of abstinence
Authors: Vescovi Pier Paolo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn order to study the effects of exposure to heat, cardiovascular and hormonal responses were measured in 10 male cocaine addicts (after 4 weeks and 1 year of abstinence) and in 10 normal men. Subjects sat for 30 minutes in a sauna room. Hormonal (ACTH, beta endorphin, (beta EP) met enkephalin (met‐enk), prolactin (PRL), cortisol) and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were measured before and after heat exposure. Basal levels of ACTH, beta EP, Met‐Enk and cortisol were similar in normal and in cocaine addicts, whereas plasma PRL values were higher in drug abusers after long‐term abstinence. All the examined hormones, with the exception of Met‐Enk, were significantly raised in normal control subjects at the end of sauna. In contrast, no significant hormonal response to hyperthermia was observed in cocaine addicts either after 4 weeks and 1 year of abstinence. No changes were detected in heart rate and blood pressure in each group, indicating that the cardiovascular adaptive responses to hyperthermia in cocaine addicts was unaltered. The results of the present study provide evidence of an impairment of the hormonal response to hyperthermia in cocaine abusers. In conclusion, cocaine abuse produces alteration in the hypothalamic‐pituitary function which persists after a long period of abstinence.
Book and Media Reviews
Authors: COOK CHRIS 
Published: July 2002

Books reviewed in this article:Book reviews in this column will primarily be of titles focusing completely, or in part, on biological aspects of addiction. However, significant titles of general relevance to the addictions field will also be included, even if they are not “biological”, as will titles of general methodological and clinical relevance, even if they are not on “addictions”. Similar considerations will apply to other media (software, audio tapes and CDs, videos, etc). However, specific “addictions” software applications seem to be relatively uncommon and, as these items are rarely reviewed elsewhere, we will endeavour to include reviews of some of the older programmes that are still useful, as well as new titles that appear. I would appreciate suggesti ons of any items suitable for reviews, but especially software and other media of specific relevance to the addictions. Please contact: Professor Chris Cook, Kent Institut e of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK. Email: c.c.h.cook@ukc.ac.uk Substance Abuse: a Comprehensive Textbook, 3rd Edition J. H. LOWINSON, P. RUIZ, R. B. MILLMAN & J. G. LANGROD (Eds) Women and Substance Abuse–Gender Transparency SALLY J. STEVENS & HARRY K. WEXLER (Eds) Women, Drug Use and HIV Infection SALLY J. STEVENS, STEPHANIE TORTU & SUSAN L. COYLE If God Is My Father, How Can He Love Me? CELIA HADDON Encyclopaedia of Mental Health, Vols 1–3 HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN (Editor‐in‐Chief) Handbook of Religion and Mental Health H. G. KOENIG (Ed.) Software

StatView v5.0
Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Åkerman Måns 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. Examine the benefits and limitations of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNA) used as the definitive diagnostic method before treatment.Method. Review of the 25 year experience at a multidisciplinary musculo‐skeletal centre where FNA is the primary diagnostic approach to soft tissue sarcoma in the extremities and trunk wall and the experience of various experts in the field.Results. FNA has several benefits compared with coarse needle or open surgical biopsy. The most important are rapid preliminary diagnosis, no need for hospitalization and anaesthesia, negligible complications and fear for tumour cell spread. With the collected experience gained during the years a reliable diagnosis of sarcoma is the rule in general and specific‐type diagnoses are possible in many histotypes, especially when the cytologic examination is supplemented with ancillary diagnostics. The most important limitations are inability to hit small deep‐seated sarcoma and some diagnostic pitfalls such as the correct diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms, variants of benign lipomatous tumours and ‘new soft tissue tumour entities’.Discussion. Optimal use of FNA calls for certain requirements such as centralization, experience in soft tissue tumour cytology–histopathology, the FNA technique and close co‐operation between the orthopaedic surgeon and cytopathologist.
Glutathione S‐Transferase, Similar to Sigma Class, from Skin Secretions of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Pennelli Alfonso , Ortolano Saida , Miele Rossella , Renda Tindaro , Sacchetta Paolo , Ilio Carmine Di , Simmaco Maurizio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUsing glutathione affinity chromatography followed by isoelectro‐focusing, we purified from the skin secretion of Xenopus laevis an isoenzyme of glutathione S‐transferase with an apparent subunit molecular mass of 22.5 kDa and an isoelectric point at pH 5.1. Its N‐terminal amino acid sequence was highly similar to that of the sigma class glutathione S‐transferase, which previously was demonstrated to have a glutathione‐dependent prostaglandin D2 synthase activity. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the isoenzyme was located in the cytoplasm of granular gland cells.
Redox Regulation of Lymphocyte Signaling
Authors: Pani Giovanni , Colavitti Renata , Borrello Silvia , Galeotti Tommaso 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCompelling evidence exists that reactive oxygen species can deliver intracellular signals in mammalian cells, and elicit a broad array of physiological responses according to the cell type, the oxidative burden and the cellular compartment where radicals are generated. When applied to immune cells, these concepts gain a particular relevance, in relation to the plasticity of immune functions and the biological complexity of lymphocyte response to antigens. Here we review some recent and somehow conflicting observations on the involvement of oxygen radicals and redox balance in lymphocyte activation, and propose models for how radical species could contribute to normal and pathological immunity.
Lessons From Sequenced Genomes. Overlapping Genes in Methanococcus jannaschii?
Authors: Szymanski Maciej , Barciszewski Jan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper describes our finding on overlapping genes in Methanococcus jannaschii genome. We found that one of the open reading frames (ORFs) within the M. jannaschii genome contains the nucleotide sequence of tRNASer, which raises a serious question of the correctness of the initiation codon assignment for that ORF. We suggest that there are two other possible AUG initiation codons downstream from the TTG triplet, which was initially considered as a translation start site. Only one of the AUG triplets is preceded by the Shine‐Dalgarno sequence that seems to be required for binding the ribosome and initiation of translation.
High‐Yield Expression of Fully Bioactive N‐Terminal Parathyroid Hormone Analog in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sung W. L. , Chan B. S. , Luk C. K. , Zahab D. M. , Willick G. E. , Barbier J.‐R. , Isaacs R. , Maclean S. , Ross V. , Morley P. , Whitfield J. F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA fully active analog of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) has been produced by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Initially, a nucleotide sequence encoding hPTH(1‐34)‐Asp‐Pro was ligated to a proinsulin gene in the plasmid pUC8, for the eventual expression of a fusion protein of 137 amino acids. Unexpectedly, the proinsulin gene and 340 bp downstream were deleted by an unknown mechanism during transformation of the E. coli. This resulted in a new plasmid encoding a small (72‐amino acid) fusion product of hPTH(1‐34)‐Asp35‐Pro36‐X, where X is a 36‐residue “arbitrary” downstream sequence of pUC8. The fusion product was efficiently expressed and the hPTH analog, [Asp35]hPTH‐(1‐35), was readily released by acid cleavage, with a yield of 100 mg/L. This analog had an effective concentration for half‐maximal adenylyl cyclase stimulation (EC50) in rat osteosarcoma cells of 14 nM, which was identical to that for hPTH‐(1‐34). In the ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, [Asp35]hPTH‐(1‐35) was fully active as a bone anabolic agent.
Regulation of Cardiac Jak‐2 in Animal Models of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Rojas Fernanda Alvarez , Carvalho Carla R. O. , Paez‐Espinosa Veronica , Saad Mario J. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInsulin induces phosphorylation and activation of JAK2 tyrosine, as well as its association with STAT1 and SHP2 in insulinsensitive tissues of intact rats, thus demonstrating a new pathway in transduction of insulin signals. We investigated this pathway in hearts of rats in three situations of insulin resistance: 72 h of fasting, chronic treatment with dexamethasone, and acute treatment with epinephrine. The acute treatment with epinephrine showed no difference in insulin‐induced JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation or JAK2/STAT1 and JAK2/SHP2 association in comparison with the control. In fasted rats the JAK2 protein concentration decreased, accompanied by a decrease in the stoichiometry of the phosphorylation to 70%, an increase in association of JAK2/STAT1 to 160%, and a decrease in JAK2/SHP2 association to 85%. In the dexamethasone‐treated group, the JAK2 protein concentrations increased but the stoichiometry of its phosphorylation decreased to 20%, whereas the JAK2/STAT1 and JAK2/SHP2 associations changed by 70% and 170%, respectively. In fasting and dexamethasone‐treated rats, therefore, insulin‐induced JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation decreases, and the JAK2 protein expression is differentially regulated such that the insulin‐induced JAK2 association with SHP2 and STAT1 shows opposite interactions with the kinase.
Maesaquinone: A Novel Inhibitor of Plant Mitochondrial Respiratory Enzymes That React with Ubiquinone
Authors: Affourtit Charles , Whitehouse David G. , Moore Anthony L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of maesaquinone, 2‐(14‐nonadecenyl)‐3,6‐dihydroxy5‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone, on plant mitochondrial respiration has been investigated. In mitochondria isolated from thermogenic Arum maculatum spadices, this compound inhibits both cytochrome and alternative pathway activities. Kinetic analyses reveal that this inhibition is the result of potent effects of maesaquinone on the alternative oxidase (ID50 <0.3θM) and complex III (ID50 <5θM). Succinate dehydrogenase and external NADH dehydrogenase are also inhibited, albeit to a lesser extent (∼30% at 1 θM). These data suggest that maesaquinone specifically affects the interaction of the respective enzymes with ubiquinone.
Suppression of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and Induction of Lymphoma P388 Cell Death by Cyclosporin A
Authors: Teplova V. , Evtodienko Yu. , Odinokova I. , Kruglov A. , Kudrjavtsev A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSuppression of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and induction of lymphoma P388 cell death were studied in the presence of cyclosporin A (CsA) and its derivatives. In experiments with permeabilized P388 cells, CsA and its nonimmunosuppressive derivative N‐methyl‐Val‐4‐CsA, but not cyclosporin H (CsH), enhanced Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria and suppressed PTP opening. Moreover, CsA was able either itself to induce or to enhance a prooxidant‐induced P388 programmed cell death. Blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies were among the observed CsA effects. N‐Methyl‐Val‐4‐CsA showed similar effects, but CsH had no effect on P388 cell death. These results show that initial‐stage P388 tumour cell death is not related to PTP opening but can be the result of PTP closing with a corresponding increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species.
Establishing a method of vector contamination identification in database sequences.
Authors: Seluja G A , Farmer A , McLeod M , Harger C , Schad P A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: The nucleotide sequence databases are invaluable tools both for the private and the academic research communities, from the retrieval of sequences to homology searching. Several issues related to data quality, such as the existence of sequencing artifacts and errors, are facing the databases. We investigated a major source of these errors, i.e. the presence of vector-contaminated sequences. RESULTS: Using a panel of 180 vector polylinker sequences, we found 0.36% or 3029 vector-matching sequences in GenBank Release 95-96, with an average vector-matching length of 72 nucleotides. The number of vector-contaminated sequences has been growing with the database; however, the percent contamination has remained approximately constant at an average of 0.28% from 1982 to 1996. AVAILABILITY: Access to the database of vector polylinker sequences via sequence similarity searching is available at http://seqsim.ncgr.org/vector/ CONTACT: gas@molinfo.com
PIR-ALN: a database of protein sequence alignments.
Authors: Srinivasarao G Y , Yeh L S , Marzec C R , Orcutt B C , Barker W C 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: The Protein Information Resource (PIR) maintains a database of annotated and curated alignments in order to visually represent interrelationships among sequences in the PIR-International Protein Sequence Database, to spread and standardize protein names, features and keywords among members of a family or superfamily, and to aid us in classifying sequences, in identifying conserved regions, and in defining new homology domains. RESULTS: Release 22.0, (December 1998), of the PIR-ALN database contains a total of 3806 alignments, including 1303 superfamily, 2131 family and 372 homology domain alignments. This is an appropriate dataset to develop and extract patterns, test profiles, train neural networks or build Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). These alignments can be used to standardize and spread annotation to newer members by homology, as well as to understand the modular architecture of multidomain proteins. PIR-ALN includes 529 alignments that can be used to develop patterns not represented in PROSITE, Blocks, PRINTS and Pfam databases. The ATLAS information retrieval system can be used to browse and query the PIR-ALN alignments. AVAILABILITY: PIR-ALN is currently being distributed as a single ASCII text file along with the title, member, species, superfamily and keyword indexes. The quarterly and weekly updates can be accessed via the WWW at pir.georgetown.edu. The quarterly updates can also be obtained by anonymous FTP from the PIR FTP site at NBRF.Georgetown.edu, directory [ANONYMOUS.PIR.ALIGNMENT].
Darwin v. 2.0: an interpreted computer language for the
biosciences
Authors: Gonnet G. H. , Hallett M. T. , Korostensky C. , Bernardin L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: We announce the availability of the second release of Darwin v. 2.0, an interpreted computer language especially tailored to researchers in the biosciences. The system is a general tool applicable to a wide range of problems.
Results: This second release improves Darwin version 1.6 in several ways: it now contains (1) a larger set of libraries touching most of the classical problems from computational biology (pairwise alignment, all versus all alignments, tree construction, multiple sequence alignment), (2) an expanded set of general purpose algorithms (search algorithms for discrete problems, matrix decomposition routines, complex/long integer arithmetic operations), (3) an improved language with a cleaner syntax, (4) better on-line help, and (5) a number of fixes to user-reported bugs.
Availability: Darwin is made available for most operating systems free of charge from the Computational Biochemistry Research Group (CBRG), reachable at http://cbrg.inf.ethz.ch.
Contact: darwin@inf.ethz.ch
The SWIB and the MDM2 domains are homologous and share a common
fold
Authors: Bennett-Lovsey Riccardo , Hart Sarah E. , Shirai Hiroki , Mizuguchi Kenji 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Using a novel algorithm for protein sequence/structure analysis, we propose a probable homology between the SWIB domain (the conserved domain of the 60 kda subunit of the SWIB complex involved in chromatin remodelling) and the p53-binding domain of the MDM2 oncoprotein. The homology suggests that the SWIB domain would adopt a structure similar to that of the MDM2 domain and that these two families of proteins may share a similar functional mechanism.
Contact: kenji@cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk
* To whom correspondance should be addressed.
On variability in the density of corticocortical and thalamocortical connections
Authors: Scannell Jack W. , Grant Simon , Payne Bertram R. , Baddeley Roland 
Published: July 2002

Variability is an important but neglected aspect of connectional neuroanatomy. The quantitative density of the ‘same’ corticocortical or thalamocortical connection may vary by over two orders of magnitude between different injections of the same tracer. At present, however, the frequency distribution of connection densities is unknown. Therefore, it is unclear what kind of sampling strategies or statistical methods are appropriate for quantitative studies of connectivity. Nor is it clear if the measured variability represents differences between subjects, or if it is simply a consequence of intra–individual differences resulting from experimental technique and the exact placement of tracers relative to local spatial and laminar variation in connectivity.
W e used quantitative measurements of the density of a large number of corticocortical and thalamocortical connections from our own laboratories and from the literature. V ariability in the density of given corticocortical and thalamocortical connections is high, with the standard deviation of density proportional to the mean. The frequency distribution is close to exponential. Therefore, analysis methods relying on the normal distribution are not appropriate. W e provide an appendix that gives simple statistical guidance for samples drawn from exponentially distributed data.
For a given corticocortical or thalamocortical connection density, between–individual standard deviation is 0.85 to 1.25 times the within–individual standard deviation. Therefore, much of the variability reported in conventional neuroanatomical studies (with one tracer deposited per animal) is due to within–individual factors. W e also find that strong, but not weak, corticocortical connections are substantially more variable than thalamocortical connections. We propose that the near exponential distribution of connection densities is a simple consequence of ‘patchy’ connectivity. W e anticipate that connection data will be well described by the negative binomial, a class of distribution that applies to events occurring in clumped or patchy substrates. Local patchiness may be a feature of all corticocortical connections and could explain why strong corticocortical connections are more variable than strong thalamocortical connections. This idea is supported by the columnar patterns of many corticocortical but few thalamocortical connections in the literature.
Partial Deletion of the Bovine ED1 Gene Causes Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Cattle
Authors: Drögemüller Cord , Distl Ottmar , Leeb Tosso 
Published: July 2002

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED1) is characterized by hypotrichosis, reduced number of sweat glands, and incisior anodontia in human, mouse, and cattle. In affected humans and mice, mutations in the ED1 gene coding for ectodysplasin 1 are found. Ectodysplasin 1 is a novel trimeric transmembrane protein with an extracellular TNF-like signaling domain that is believed to be involved in the formation of hair follicles and tooth buds during fetal development. We report the construction of a 480-kb BAC contig harboring the complete bovine ED1 gene on BTA Xq22–Xq24. Physical mapping and sequence analysis of the coding parts of theED1 gene revealed that a large genomic region including exon 3 of the ED1 gene is deleted in cattle with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a family of German Holstein cattle with three affected maternal half sibs.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the EMBL nucleotide database under accession nos. AJ300468, AJ300469, and AJ278907.]
Statistical Models in Scanner Data
Authors: Lee Sungim , Son Won 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent progress in modern technologies has made data collection more convenient in various fields of application. Remarkably, the introduction of barcode scanning has made the collection of relevant data faster and more accessible. Therefore, research to utilize this scanner data has increased throughout the official national statistical agencies, especially regarding the price index, which was traditionally done by surveys. This article investigates multiple methods proposed for outlier analysis when collecting price information from scanner data and also introduces statistical model related to scanner data.
Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver‐Like Metabolic Biofactories
Authors: Bernal Paulina Nuñez , Bouwmeester Manon , Madrid‐Wolff Jorge , Falandt Marc , Florczak Sammy , Rodriguez Nuria Ginés , Li Yang , Größbacher Gabriel , Samsom Roos‐Anne , van Wolferen Monique , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Delrot Paul , Loterie Damien , Malda Jos , Moser Christophe , Spee Bart , Levato Riccardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrgan‐ and tissue‐level biological functions are intimately linked to microscale cell–cell interactions and to the overarching tissue architecture. Together, biofabrication and organoid technologies offer the unique potential to engineer multi‐scale living constructs, with cellular microenvironments formed by stem cell self‐assembled structures embedded in customizable bioprinted geometries. This study introduces the volumetric bioprinting of complex organoid‐laden constructs, which capture key functions of the human liver. Volumetric bioprinting via optical tomography shapes organoid‐laden gelatin hydrogels into complex centimeter‐scale 3D structures in under 20 s. Optically tuned bioresins enable refractive index matching of specific intracellular structures, countering the disruptive impact of cell‐mediated light scattering on printing resolution. This layerless, nozzle‐free technique poses no harmful mechanical stresses on organoids, resulting in superior viability and morphology preservation post‐printing. Bioprinted organoids undergo hepatocytic differentiation showing albumin synthesis, liver‐specific enzyme activity, and remarkably acquired native‐like polarization. Organoids embedded within low stiffness gelatins (<2 kPa) are bioprinted into mathematically defined lattices with varying degrees of pore network tortuosity, and cultured under perfusion. These structures act as metabolic biofactories in which liver‐specific ammonia detoxification can be enhanced by the architectural profile of the constructs. This technology opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and personalized drug testing.