bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Forward Converter Feded Solar Powered 3-phase Water Motor
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Chowdhury Imtiaz Akber , Chakma Rocky , Hoque Ashraful 
Published: August 2022

Supply of water for irrigation and household use is not adequate in rural Bangladesh during dry season. To ensure continuous water supply for irrigation and other household activities in rural Bangladesh, where the supply of uninterrupted electricity is hardly available all the time and mostly irrigation is done by Diesel-based water pump. The paper proposes a standalone model to run a 3-phase motor in such condition. Due to the continuous reduction of price of electrical and electronic components related to solar panel, solar based pumping system has become the most economically viable option to mitigate this problem related to larger rural community. Output from the solar cell is converted to stable high DC voltage by incorporating a single stage forward converter. Switching circuit for 3-phase inverters is simulated in Power Sim (PSIM) which maintains the smooth operation of the water motor. The T-LCL filter is introduced to reduce the voltage ripple to a tolerance level before being fed to the motor. Forward converter based proposed system has a better total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.087 with different output voltage as required. The conventional Diesel-based system not only pollutes the environment but also the total of capital investment and maintenance cost is more than 3 times higher than the proposed Forward converter and 3-phase sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) inverter-based system. This model can be a good solution considering the unavailability, high price and environmental issues of fuel-based power supply.
HIGHLIGHTS

Due to the lack of uninterrupted electricity facility in the rural area of Bangladesh, a Diesel-based water pump is used which is quite expensive and not environment friendly
To mitigate the aforementioned problem, nowadays solar-based pumping system attracts significant attention
The Proposed Forward converter and 3-phase sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) inverter-based system can be an optimum solution regarding price, environment, and continuous supply issues

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Trauma and Memory
Authors: Jovic Vladimir , Varvin Sverre 
Published: August 2022

A theory of traumatic memory was developed by Breuer and Freud in “Studies on Hysteria” based on Charcot’s theory on the traumatic origin of mental disorders. This was again developed in DSM-III in 1980 with the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where traumatic memory was conceptualized as a core of the syndrome and set in causal relationship with its manifestations. This implied that “trauma” tended to be seen as something static and reified, like a “thing” in the mind. It is shown that this conceptualisation diverts attention from the dynamic and reorganizing processes in the traumatized person’s mind, body and relations to others. The psychoanalytic conceptualization includes a wider spectre of the manifestations in posttraumatic conditions and it differs in the understanding of underlying processes. What is common for both childhood and adult trauma and their posttraumatic manifestations are deficiencies in symbolization processes related to the traumatic experiences. The signal anxiety function fails and the ego is overwhelmed by automatic or annihilation anxiety. The ability to distinguish between real danger and neutral stimuli which function as triggers fails. As anxiety related to trauma cannot be mentalized, fragments of the self are split off and evacuated. These experiences remain as fragmented bits and pieces that can express themselves in bodily pain, dissociated states of mind, nightmares and relational disturbances. Thus, the consequences of psychological trauma may be conceptualised as processes characterised by splitting off of not mentalized inner objects/introjects and parts of the mental apparatus. These processes are illustrated with a short clinical vignette.
Controversies on Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies
Authors: Becker Joana Proença , Paixão Rui , Quartilho Manuel João 
Published: August 2022

Psychoanalysis is indispensable when writing and discussing traumatic stress, but in the treatment of these conditions it is ultimately disregarded. Since they are considered long-term treatments, therapies derived from psychoanalysis, such as Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PDT), are not the first choice in health centers and clinics, which may be also a reflection of a scarcity of publications on its effectiveness. Through a literature review, focused on the effect size of PDT in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), we have confirmed this scarcity. However, in the few studies conducted on this topic, findings have shown similarities between PDT and other therapies in reducing PTSD symptoms, both in post-therapy and follow-up assessments. The time of psychoanalytic psychotherapies is often pointed out as an obstacle, although studies have indicated that patients treated through these techniques present a continuous state of improvement.
Eros e Tanatos
Authors: Salgueiro Emílio 
Published: August 2022

O psicanalista Vamik Volkan hipotetiza a necessidade absoluta, reequilibradora, de ter amigos e inimigos, tanto a título pessoal, como grupal, como, até, nacional. São assim criados objectos externos e internos, depressivos ou desamparados e persecutórios, e chega-se, por esta via, à criação das áreas mentais de Eros e de Tanatos, instrumentos fundamentais na classificação da realidade. “Bodes-persecutórios e desesperados”, e “bodes animadores e exaltantes”, são assim criados e usados. São feitas reflexões sobre a pedofilia ou a corrupção, como males sociais prevalentes, e o medo de as entender, é relembrado o diálogo entre Einstein e Freud sobre a violência e a agressão e a sua inevitabilidade. Freud admite que só educação poderá minorá-las, mas não fazê-las desaparecer. O episódio bíblico de Sansão e Dalila ajuda a entender estes conceitos e, finalmente, acrescentam-se algumas considerações sobre as crises contemporâneas.
Distance learning syndrome and its overcoming
Authors: Татаринцева Р.И. 
Published: August 2022

Текст статьи представляет частный взгляд на одну из обозначившихся проблем дистанционного обучения – так называемого дистанта. Уверенно, перспективно и оптимистично моделировавшийся исследователями в предшествовавшие три десятилетия, в тотальной практике дистанционного обучения последних двух лет, одномоментно и жёстко навязанной противостоянием пандемии коронавируса, дистант предстал новыми реалиями, существенно скорректировавшими его возможности на текущем и ближайшем этапах соответствующих технических и образовательных возможностей. В настоящее время в проблематике дистанта уже вполне обозначился и сформировался некий «синдром», пока не медицинский, но психолого-педагогический вопрос. Поэтому рассматриваемые условия позволяют сегодня говорить лишь о прикладном, вспомогательном значении дистанционного обучения в ближайшей перспективе, как и о преждевременности масштабных национальных проектов реализации дистанта на всех уровнях российской системы образования. Это отражается во взглядах автора статьи, сформулировавшего «концепцию ограниченного оптимизма».
The text of the article presents a private view on one of the identified problems of distance learning - the so-called "distant work". Confidently, promisingly and optimistically modeled by researchers in the previous three decades, in the total practice of distance learning of the last two years, immediately and rigidly imposed by the confrontation with the coronavirus pandemic, distance learning appeared as new realities that significantly corrected its capabilities at the current and near stages of the corresponding technical and educational opportunities. At present period, in the problematics of "remote distance" a certain syndrome has already been fully identified and formed, not yet a medical, but a psychological issue. Therefore, the conditions under consideration nowadays allow us to speak only about the applied, auxiliary value of distance learning in the short term, as well as about the prematureness of large-scale national projects for the implementation of "distance learning" at all levels of the Russian education system. This is reflected in the views of the author of the article, who formulated the "conception of limited optimism".
Understanding mathematics as forming a mathematical worldview
Authors: Туктамышов Н.К. 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что проблема качества образования, глубоко связанная с вопросами понимания учащимися учебного материала, несмотря на множество дискуссий, не имеет однозначного решения. Здесь сформулирован альтернативный подход к этой проблеме. Целью статьи является анализ феномена понимания в математике. В работе вводятся понятия математической картины мира (МКМ) и индивидуальной математической картины мира (ИМКМ). Отличительной особенностью работы является то, что в ней понимание в математике трактуется как процесс формирования ИМКМ. Выделен базовый элемент ИМКМ. В рамках ИМКМ представлена структура категории понимания, имеющая образ, значение, личностный смысл своими компонентами, которые связаны в единое целое через наименование понятия. Автором предложена схема, дающая возможность формировать математические понятия у обучающихся. Статья предназначена для педагогов-исследователей, аспирантов и будет полезна для преподавателей математики.
The relevance of this study stems from the fact that the problem of quality of education, deeply related to the issues of students' understanding of learning material, despite many discussions, does not have an unambiguous solution. Here we formulate an alternative approach to this problem. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon of understanding in mathematics. The concepts of the mathematical worldview (MWV) and the individual mathematical worldview (IMWV) are introduced. The distinctive feature of the work is that understanding in mathematics is interpreted as a process of IMWV formation. The basic element of IMWV is distinguished. The structure of category of understanding within the limits of an individual mathematical worldview, having components (an image, value, the personal sense), connected in a uniform whole through the name of concept is presented. The author suggests the scheme which gives the possibility to form mathematical notions of students. The article is designed for teacher-researchers, post-graduate students and will be useful for teachers of mathematics.
Features of the use of interactive teaching methods in the context of digitalization of education in US universities
Authors: Ирхина И.В. , Литовченко М.В. 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью изучения зарубежного опыта разработки и использования эффективных способов организации учебного процесса в современном вузе. Цель статьи заключается в раскрытии особенностей применения интерактивных методов обучения в условиях цифровизации в высших учебных заведениях США. Представлена классификация используемых методов в зарубежных высших учебных учреждениях, рассматриваются основные принципы организации эффективного занятия, определены способы взаимодействия студентов с преподавателем во время учебного процесса. В статье с позиции американских ученых отображены практические примеры интеграции интерактивных методов в аудиторные занятие с помощью цифровых технологий. На основе анализа научной литературы были выделены основные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются американские преподаватели, а также представлены рекомендации по решению выявленных проблем.
The relevance of the article is due to the need to study foreign experience in the development and implementation of effective ways of organizing the educational process in a modern university. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the use of interactive teaching methods in the conditions of digitalization in higher educational institutions of the USA. The classification of the methods used in foreign higher educational institutions is presented, the basic principles of the organization of effective classes are considered, the ways of interaction of students with the teacher during the educational process are determined. The article shows practical examples of the integration of interactive methods into classroom classes using digital technologies from the stand point of American scientists. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main difficulties faced by American teachers were identified, as well as recommendations for solving the identified problems were presented.
Outcome after single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection at 16 weeks post-vaccination among healthy adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Ahlam , Alsanea Nasser , Alraey Mohammed , Joseph Mercy , Aboud Mohammed , Almangour Thamer , Alharbi Wasaef , Alhumidan Hind , Alanizi Abdalrhman , Al-jedai Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection and immunogenicity of a single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine at 16 weeks post-vaccination among young and healthy participants remains unclear in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES:
Assess the rate of subsequent infection and immunogenicity of a single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine at 16 weeks post-vaccination in a sample of healthy and young participants.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study

SETTING:
Academic teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Healthy participants 18–50 years of age, who received one dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine and had no history of SARS CoV-2 infection were recruited, and blood samples were obtained 16 weeks after vaccination to assess immunogenicity using a commercially available kit.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 16 weeks post-vaccination.

SAMPLE SIZE:
385 participants with median (IQR) age of 34 (29-38) years.

RESULTS:

Eleven (2.8%) participants acquired polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed infection within 16 weeks after a single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine (mean [SD] 42.5 [28] days post-vaccination). No hospital or intensive care unit admissions occurred among the subjects in this sample. Females were significantly over-represented in PCR-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 10 of 11 infections occurring in females (
P
=.006). Antibody response against anti-spike IgG were detectable in 92.7% of subjects at 16 weeks’ post-vaccination. The median anti-spike IgG level after vaccination was 273.1 (IQR 107-1052 AU/mL). However, the anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibody demonstrated a sensitivity of only 20%.

CONCLUSION:
A single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine in healthy and young individuals was associated with a low, single-digit rate of PCR-confirmed infection, most of which were mild.

LIMITATIONS:
Small sample size and single-center.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in hemodialysis facilities: a cross-sectional multicenter study from Madinah
Authors: Housawi Abdulrahman A. , Qazi Shazada Junaid S. , Jan Abdulhalem A. , Osman Rashid A. , Alshamrani Mashil M. , AlFaadhel Talal A. , AlHejaili Fayez F. , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Wafa Ahmed A. , Hamza Abdulmageed E. , Hassan Moustafa A. , Alharbi Suliman A. , Albasheer Hamza , Almohmmdi Majed M. , Alsisi Salem A. , Mankowski Michal , Van de Klundert Joris , Alhelal Amal M. , Sala Fatima H. , Kheyami Ali , Alhomayeed Bader A. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Since the occurrence of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), the global community has witnessed its exponential spread with devastating outcomes within the general population and specifically within hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVES:
Compare the state of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among hemodialysis patients and staff.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study with a prospective follow-up period.

SETTING:
Hemodialysis centers in Madinah region.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We prospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dialysis patients using dialysis centers staff as controls. The participants were tested on four occasions when feasible for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We also analyzed factors that might be associated with seropositivity.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
SARS-CoV-2 positivity using immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels

SAMPLE SIZE:
830 participants, 677 patients and 153 dialysis centers staff as controls.

RESULTS:

Of the total participants, 325 (257 patients and 68 staff) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, for a prevalence of 38.0% and 44.4% among patients and staff, respectively (
P
=.1379). Participants with a history of COVID-19 or related symptoms were more likely to have positive IgG (
P
<.0001). Surprisingly, positivity was also center-dependent. In a multivariable logistic regression, a history of infection and related symptoms contributed significantly to developing immunity.

CONCLUSION:
The high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among hemodialysis patients and previously asymptomatic staff suggested past asymptomatic infection. Some centers showed more immunity effects than others.

LIMITATIONS:
Unable to collect four samples for each participant; limited to one urban center.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Comparison of nutritional risk status assessment tools in predicting 30-day survival in critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients
Authors: Kasapoglu Umut Sabri , Gok Abdullah , Delen Leman Acun , Ozer Ayse Belin 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Few clinical studies have addressed nutritional risk assessment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

OBJECTIVES:
Assess the nutritional risk status of the critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU, and compare the nutritional risk screening tools.

DESIGN:
Medical record review

SETTING:
Tertiary critical care unit

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We included adult (age >18 years) PCR-confirmed critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia cases admitted to the ICU between August 2020 and September 2021. Scoring systems were used to assess COVID-19 severity and nutritional status (mNUTRIC: modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill, NRS2002: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002). The 30-day mortality prediction performance of nutritional scores and survival comparisons between clinical and demographic factors were assessed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Compare the nutrition risk tools

SAMPLE SIZE:
281 patients with a mean (SD) age of 64.3 (13.3) years; 143 (50.8%) were 65 years and older.

RESULTS:

The mean mNUTRIC score of the cases was 3.81 (1.66) and the mean NRS-2002 score was 3.21 (0.84.), and 101 (35.9%) were at high risk of malnutrition according to the mNUTRIC score and 229 (81.4%) according to the NRS 2002 score. In cases at high risk of malnutrition by the mNUTRIC score there was a greater need for invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy (
P
<.001 for all comparisons). The mNUTRIC score was superior to the NRS-2002 score in estimating 30-day mortality. In patients who died within 30 days, the mNUTRIC score and NRS-2002 score on the day of hospitalization were significantly higher (
P
<.001), and the proportion of patients with NRS-2002 score ≥3 and mNUTRIC score ≥5 was significantly higher in the non-surviving group (
P
<.001). In addition, patients with a high risk of malnutrition had a shorter survival time. The mNUTRIC score was an independent and important prognostic factor for 30-day mortality, and patients with an mNUTRIC score ≥5 had a 6.26-fold risk for 30-day mortality in the multivariate Cox regression.

CONCLUSION:
One third of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases hospitalized in the ICU due to acute respiratory failure have a high risk of malnutrition, and a high mNUTRIC score is associated with increased mortality.

LIMITATIONS:
Single center retrospective study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Features and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: retrospective study from Oman
Authors: Alhassan Rafie , Al Busaidi Noor , Al Rawahi Abdul Hakeem , Al Musalhi Hilal , Al Muqbali Ali , Shanmugam Prakash , Ramadhan Fatma Ali 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid has been a reliable and cost-effective method for diagnosing thyroid disorders. Since FNAC results are usually operator dependent, there is a compelling need to explore FNAC accuracy among Omanis.

OBJECTIVE:
Describe cytological features of FNAC and assess FNAC accuracy compared to the postsurgical histopathology report.

DESIGN:
Retrospective diagnostic accuracy study

SETTING:
Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Our study included adult Omani adult patients with thyroid nodules who underwent FNAC from 2014 to 2017 and had final pathology results for patients who underwent thyroid surgery. The results were classified according to the UK Royal college of Pathologists ‘Thy’ categories. Accuracy of FNAC was calculated by determining false and true positive and negative results based on histopathology findings.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
FNAC accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) compared to the postsurgical histopathology.

SAMPLE SIZE:
867 patients with 1359 ultrasound guided FNACs of thyroid nodule; 137 underwent surgery.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the 867 patients was 43.7 (13.3) years, with a median of 42 years, and 87.8% were females. Out of 1359 FNACs, 1001 (73.7%) were benign (Thy2), 119 (8.8%) were atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Thy3a), 31 (2.3%) were follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (Thy3f), 52 (3.8%) were suspicious for malignancy (Thy4), 55 (4%) were malignant (Thy5), 101 (7.4%) as Unsatisfactory (Thy1). Only 137 patients underwent thyroid surgery, and the FNAC reports were compared with their final histopathology reports. The sensitivity, specificity and total accuracy of FNAC were 80.2%, 98.9% and 89.9%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of FNAC were 98.6% and 84.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Our study findings confirmed that FNAC of the thyroid is a sensitive, specific, and accurate initial tool for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Most of the FNACs were benign with a very low malignancy rate. Due to the minimal chance of false negative results and the slow-growing nature of thyroid malignancy, it is important that patients with benign FNAC should have periodic clinical and radiological follow-up.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design and single-center study, and thyroid nodule size unavailable.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.