bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The poly‐extreme tolerant black yeasts are prevalent under high ultraviolet light and climatic seasonality across soils of global biomes
Authors: Coleine Claudia , Selbmann Laura , Singh Brajesh K. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBlack yeasts are among the most stress‐tolerant organisms of the planet, thriving under all types of terrestrial habitats and extreme environments. Yet, their global patterns and ecology remain far less studied, limiting our capacity to identify the main environmental drivers of these important organisms across biomes. To fill this knowledge gap, we analysed topsoils from 235 terrestrial ecosystems across and within globally distributed climate groups (i.e. dry, temperate and continental). We found that soils are important repositories of black yeasts, and that ultraviolet light, fine soil texture, and precipitation seasonality are the most consistent environmental factors associated with their diversity across biomes. Finally, we identified Exophiala and Cladophialophora as the most dominant black yeasts genera in soils across the globe. These findings provide novel evidence of global distribution of black yeasts and their key environmental predictors, giving new insights for speculating the evolution and spreading of these extreme‐tolerant organisms throughout both natural and human associated extreme environments.
China's efficient urban bias
Authors: Rangazas Peter , Wang Xiaobing , Zou Yuxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous rural–urban migration to analyse the provision of rural and urban government services in China, with special emphasis on the role of the household registration (hukou) system in shaping its urbanization process. It argues that China's urban bias policy, which is enabled by the hukou system restricting rural–urban migration, did not necessarily reduce economic efficiency. Rather, it might have only raised urban welfare at the expense of rural residents. As the hukou system also ties people to particular geographical locations, this paper argues that China's continuous bias towards coastal and big cities has started to cause economic inefficiency as well as inequality. It suggests that progressive hukou reform reducing barriers to cross‐region migration would improve economic efficiency and welfare.
Intergenerational social mobility and the Brexit vote: How social origins and destinations divide Britain
Authors: MCNEIL ANDREW , HABERSTROH CHARLOTTE 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo explain political divisions within British society, the current scholarship highlights the importance of the ‘winners’ and ‘left‐behind’ of political economic transformations. Yet, the impact of widespread absolute intergenerational social mobility in the past half century, which resulted in socio‐economic gains or losses for many, has not been systematically addressed. Our paper assesses how intergenerationally mobile voters’ positions in the Brexit referendum differ from their non‐mobile counterparts. We differentiate between the effects of social origins, social mobility and destination position. To do so, we model data from Understanding Society with a diagonal reference model. We show that origins are nearly as important as current socio‐economic positions for predicting the probability of voting to ‘leave’ or ‘remain’ in the Brexit referendum. We find that a first‐generation graduate would be up to 10 percentage points less likely to vote ‘Remain’ than a graduate whose parents also went to university.
Validating strength‐of‐support conclusion scales for fingerprint, footwear, and toolmark impressions
Authors: Busey Thomas , Klutzke Morgan , Nuzzi Alyssa , Vanderkolk John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the pattern comparison disciplines such as fingerprints, footwear, and toolmarks, the results of a comparison are communicated by examiners in the form of categorical conclusions such as Identification or Exclusion. These statements have been criticized as requiring knowledge of prior probabilities by the examiners and being overinterpreted by laypersons. Alternative statements based on strength‐of‐support language have been proposed. The current study compares traditional conclusion scales against strength‐of‐support scales to determine how these new statements might be used by examiners in casework. Each participant completed 60 comparisons within their discipline, which were designed to approximate casework conditions, using either a traditional or a strength‐of‐support conclusion scale. The scale used on each trial was randomly assigned, and participants knew the scale for that trial as they began the comparison. Fingerprint examiners were much less likely to use Extremely Strong Support for Common Source than Identification. Footwear examiners treated the traditional and strength‐of‐support scales similarly, but toolmark examiners were much less likely to use Extremely Strong Support for Common Source than Identification, similar to fingerprint examiners. A separate group of fingerprint examiners used Identification less often when an expanded scale was available. The results demonstrate that expanded scales may result in the highest conclusion category being used less often by examiners when other alternatives are possible, and the term “extremely strong support” may introduce risk aversion on the part of examiners.
Return visits to the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Hollaway William , Borland Meredith L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rate of unplanned return visits (uRVs) within 48 h to a paediatric ED over a 12‐month period and describe the factors associated with these uRV.MethodsRetrospective review of electronic data regarding the initial and follow‐up visit at a tertiary paediatric hospital ED in Western Australia. The primary outcome was the number of patients who presented for uRV within 48 h of their initial ED visit.ResultsBetween August 2018 and July 2019, 2322 patients returned to the ED for a uRV comprising 3.4% of 68 352 ED presentations with more than 53% returning with infectious causes. Triage category 3 patients were most likely to represent (OR 1.11, P = 0.029) with 3‐month to 1‐year old (OR 1.37, P < 0.00001) and 1–5‐year old (OR 1.32, P < 0.00001) the commonest age groups. There was seasonal variation in uRVs demonstrating a greater number in the winter months. The percentage of uRVs to overall ED presentations was greater in the summer months (3.8–4.1%). There was a significant increase in uRVs occurring up to 2 weeks after the changeovers in middle‐grade ED doctors only.ConclusionsThe present study has demonstrated associations between uRV and initial‐visit triage category 3, age between 3 months and 5 years, and presentations because of infectious illness. Middle‐grade doctor changeover was also associated with an increase in uRVs.
Comparison of plasma separation using centrifugation or filtration for MONET lipoprotein apheresis in patients with cardiovascular disease and severe dyslipidemia
Authors: Waitz Grit , Atiye Saynab , Gauly Adelheid , Prophet Heinrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionHomozygous or severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) levels may be treated with membrane filtration. The MONET system (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) involves plasma separation by centrifugation or filtration.MethodsWhether the method of plasma separation affects lipoprotein lowering and treatment safety was investigated in a single‐center retrospective study.ResultsThe centrifugation‐based plasma separation achieved a higher plasma flow and shorter time to treat 1 L of plasma (46.2 ± 8.6 min), than the filtration‐based system (71.5 ± 40.0 min; p = 0.001). The mean reduction of LDL‐cholesterol was 69% and 67% with centrifugation and filtration and was 75% for lipoprotein(a) with both plasma separation methods. A reduction of IgM by more than 60%, of albumin and total protein by approximately 20% and low frequency of side effects was observed.ConclusionsThe efficacy of lowering atherogenic lipoproteins was comparable with both plasma separation methods. Centrifugation was more time‐efficient compared to filtration.
The therapeutic relationship between a client and dietitian: A systematic integrative review of empirical literature
Authors: Nagy Annaliese , McMahon Anne , Tapsell Linda , Deane Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimScientific evidence underpins dietetics practice; however, evidence of how the therapeutic relationship influences outcomes is limited. This integrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic of the therapeutic relationship between clients and dietitians in the individual counselling context by summarising empirical literature into qualitative themes.MethodsAn electronic literature search of the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted in October 2018 and repeated in February 2021. Studies were included if they explicitly referred to the therapeutic relationship (or associated terms), were based on study data and available in full text. Extracted data were checked by a second researcher and the methodological quality was evaluated independently by two researchers using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. An iterative process of qualitatively coding, categorising and comparing data to examine recurring themes was applied.ResultsSeventy‐six studies met the inclusion criteria. Five themes were identified which showed the extent and nature of research in this area. Studies revealed the therapeutic relationship: (i) is valued within clinical dietetic practice, (ii) involves complex and multifactorial interactions, (iii) is perceived as having a positive influence, (iv) requires skills training and (v) is embedded in practice models and tools.ConclusionStudies show the therapeutic relationship is a valued and multifactorial component of clinical dietetic practice and is perceived to positively influence the client and dietitian. Observational data are needed to assess the extent to which the strength of the therapeutic relationship might contribute to clients' health outcomes.
Financial Reporting Consequences of Sovereign Wealth Fund Investment*
Authors: Godsell David 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTSovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are government‐owned institutional investors pursuing political and financial investment objectives. With $8 trillion in assets, SWFs are geopolitical powerbrokers actively participating in global capital markets, yet we know little about the financial reporting consequences of SWF investment. I document evidence supporting the hypothesis that the simultaneous pursuit of political and financial investment objectives renders SWFs weak monitors. Using a staggered difference‐in‐differences research design, I document economically significant increases in discretionary accruals for SWF target firms after SWF investment, relative to an entropy‐balanced control group of non‐SWF target firms. Corroborating tests document that the effect of SWF investment on discretionary accruals strengthens with SWFs' equity stake and SWF target firms' earnings management incentives and weakens when regulators curb SWFs' pursuit of political objectives. I highlight SWFs' distinct monitoring effect by replicating my analyses after replacing SWF investment with conventional institutional investment, and document that conventional institutional investment instead reduces discretionary accruals. I further corroborate SWFs' distinct monitoring role among conventional institutional investors using a wide variety of robustness tests employing alternate specifications, samples, and financial reporting proxies. Overall, this study introduces an economically important and fundamentally distinct but little‐studied institutional investor to the accounting literature.
Bullous pemphigoid: Its incidence, mortality and clinical outcome in New Zealand
Authors: Chung Jenny G , Ramji Rajan , Coomarasamy Christin , Jarrett Paul , Rademaker Marius , Patel Denesh C 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackground/objectivesBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an uncommon autoimmune bullous disorder, with significant morbidity and mortality. Mortality may be as high as 23.5% in the first year after diagnosis. Clear epidemiologic data across Australasia are lacking.MethodsA retrospective, multi‐centred cohort study was designed to determine the incidence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in New Zealand. Data from all histopathologically diagnosed patients with bullous pemphigoid between 2009 and 2015 from the Auckland region were obtained. Demographics, clinical characteristics and outcome 3 years from diagnosis (until 31 December 2018) were collected. Demographic data were compared against a denominator year‐matched New Zealand Census population.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐one patients had confirmed bullous pemphigoid, with an incidence rate of 3.03/100 000 person‐years [95% CI 2.58–3.54]; 70% were of European ethnicity; 12.4% were Pacific peoples; 11.2% were Asian; and 6.8% were Māori. 45.3% had associated cognitive impairment and/or stroke. In the 3‐year follow‐up, 25% had treatment complications mostly from prednisone therapy. The mortality rate was 40%, highest in the first year of diagnosis, with age at diagnosis a predictor.ConclusionThe incidence and mortality rates are comparable to the UK/Northern Europe. Knowledge of the epidemiology of bullous pemphigoid in New Zealand and within an international settling informs the provision of future care and treatments.
Beyond the normative: Ambiguity in the making of a South Indian Sufi
Authors: Saidalavi P. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe overemphasis in recent anthropological scholarship on self‐cultivation through normative discourses has resulted in largely neglecting explorative discourses that have also been key to the formation of religious subjectivities. The relationship between these discourses has tended to be that of ambiguity, given that various groups have sought to establish clear boundaries regarding what is morally acceptable. In this article, I look at how ambiguity is played out in a small town in Malabar, South India, with the figure of a mad saint whose actions and demeanor embodied such ambiguities. Analyzing anthropological studies of Islam probing such ambiguities in the lives of Muslims, I argue that considering the figure of themajzūb—an eccentric saint—offers key insights for understanding how normative and explorative discourses constitute contemporary religious lives. It also reveals how ambiguity is used to reconcile the tensions between the two discourses in both practice and discourse.
Prevention and management of intra‐operative pain during caesarean section under neuraxial anaesthesia: a technical and interpersonal approach
Authors: Plaat F. , Stanford S. E. R. , Lucas D. N. , Andrade J. , Careless J. , Russell R. , Bishop D. , Lo Q. , Bogod D. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryA woman who experiences pain during caesarean section under neuraxial anaesthesia is at risk of adverse psychological sequelae. Litigation arising from pain during caesarean section under neuraxial anaesthesia has replaced accidental awareness under general anaesthesia as the most common successful medicolegal claim against obstetric anaesthetists. Generic guidelines on caesarean section exist, but they do not provide specific recommendations for this area of anaesthetic practice. This guidance aims to offer pragmatic advice to support anaesthetists in caring for women during caesarean section. It emphasises the importance of non‐technical skills, offers advice on best practice and aims to encourage standardisation. The guidance results from a collaborative effort by anaesthetists, psychologists and patients and has been developed to support clinicians and promote standardisation of practice in this area.
Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of submacular haemorrhage with loss of vision in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration in daily clinical practice: data from the FRB! registry
Authors: Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Maitrias Samuel , Nguyen Vuong , Arnold Jennifer J , Squirrell David , Arnould Louis , Sanchez‐Monroy Jorge , Viola Francesco , O'Toole Louise , Barthelmes Daniel , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Gillies Mark ,   for the Fight Retinal Blindness! Study Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe main purpose of the study was to report the estimated incidence, cumulative rate, risk factors and outcomes of submacular haemorrhage (SMH) with loss of vision in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving intravitreal injections (IVT) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor in routine clinical practice.MethodsRetrospective analysis of treatment‐naïve eyes receiving IVTs of VEGF inhibitors (ranibizumab, aflibercept or bevacizumab) for nAMD from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020 that were tracked the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry. Estimated incidence, cumulative rate and hazard ratios (HR) of SMH with loss of vision during treatment were measured using the Poisson regression, Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 7642 eyes (6425 patients) with a total of 135 095 IVT over a 10‐year period. One hundred five eyes developed SMH with loss of vision with a rate of 1 per 1283 injections (0.08% 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.06; 0.09]). The estimated incidence [95% CI] was 4.6 [3.8; 5.7] SMH with loss of vision per year per 1000 treated patients during the study. The cumulative [95% CI] rate of SMH per patient did not increase significantly with each successive injection (p = 0.947). SMH cases had a mean VA drop of around 6 lines at diagnosis, which then improved moderately to a 4‐line loss at 1 year.ConclusionsSubmacular haemorrhage (SMH) with loss of vision is an uncommon complication that can occur at any time in eyes treated for nAMD in routine clinical practice, with only limited recovery of vision 1 year later.
Bystander intervention among secondary school pupils: Testing an augmented Prototype Willingness Model
Authors: Pagani Stefania , Hunter Simon C. , Elliott Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study augmented the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to assess reactive and deliberative decision‐making underpinning bystander intervention in gender‐based violence contexts. There were 2079 participants (50% male, 49% female, and 1% unreported), aged 11–15 years old (M = 12.32,SD = 0.91), attending 19 secondary schools across Scotland. Participants self‐reported the augmented PWM variables, then their intervention behaviour approximately 1 month later. Path analyses mostly supported the predicted relationships between positive and negative bidimensional attitudes, subjective norms, prototype perceptions, perceived behavioural control, and self‐efficacy on intentions and willingness. Willingness predicted positive (speaking with a teacher) and negative (doing nothing) intervention in less serious violence. Self‐efficacy predicted negative intervention in more serious violence. Subjective norms positively moderated the attitudes–intentions relationship. Overall, the results suggested that reactive (willingness) more so than deliberative (intention) decision‐making account for intervention when young people witness gender‐based violence. Additionally, the findings highlight the complexity of bystander intervention decision‐making, where adding control perceptions, bidimensional attitudes, and moderators have independent contributions. Furthermore, self‐comparison to the typical bystander who positively intervenes (prototype perceptions) was the strongest predictor of intentions and willingness, highlighting in a novel way the importance of image and group membership on decision‐making.
Promotion of tumorigenesis by miR‐1260b–targeting CASP8: Potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim Jungho , Cho Yoonjung , Ahn Sungwoo , Kim Geehyuk , Hwang Dasom , Chang Yunhee , Ha Sunmok , Choi Yeonim , Lee Min Ho , Han Hyunju , Kim Sunghyun , Kim Seung Il , Lee Hyeyoung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. miR‐1260b is identified as a tumor‐associated noncoding microRNA in other cancers, although the role of miR‐1260b and its clinical relevance in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, miR‐1260b as a potential prognostic biomarker was observed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in 102 breast tumor tissues. The tumorigenic role of miR‐1260b in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of breast cancer cells was investigated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in vitro. Additionally, the potential early diagnosis and treatment monitoring marker of miR‐1260b was validated in 129 plasma samples. We found that high miR‐1260b expression was markedly associated with bulky tumor size, advanced stage, and lymph node invasion. Particularly, the high–miR‐1260b‐expression group showed shorter overall survival than the low–miR‐1260b‐expression group. The inhibition of oncogenic miR‐1260b induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. CASP8 was revealed as a direct target gene of miR‐1260b, which is closely related to apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐1260b expression levels in plasma were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The patients who tested positive for miR‐1260b showed 16.3‐ and 18.2‐fold higher risks in the early stage and locally advanced stage, respectively, compared with healthy controls, and the risk was decreased 6.2‐fold after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Taken together, miR‐1260b may be a potential novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
PTX80, a novel compound targeting the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 for treatment of cancer
Authors: Kalid Ori , Gotliv Irina , Levy‐Apter Einat , Beker Danit Finkelshtein , Cherniavsky‐Lev Marina , Rotem Etai , Miron Naama 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer cells are dependent on protein quality‐control mechanisms, including protein chaperones, the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, and autophagy. The p62 receptor is a classical, ubiquitously expressed receptor, involved in many signal transduction pathways. Upregulation and/or reduced degradation of p62 have been implicated in tumor formation and resistance to therapy. PTX80 is a first‐in‐class novel inhibitor of protein degradation, developed by Pi Therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. PTX80 binds to p62, inducing a decrease in soluble p62 and formation of insoluble p62 aggregates, and failure of polyubiquitinated proteins to colocalize with p62. PTX80 induces proteotoxic stress and activation of unfolded protein response, which, in turn, leads to apoptosis. Targeting p62, which is a major protein degradation hub, may serve as a novel and beneficial strategy for the treatment of cancer.