bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some connections between discrepancy, finite gap properties, and pair correlations
Authors: Weiß Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA generic uniformly distributed sequence $$(x_n)_{n \in \mathbb {N}}$$

(

x
n

)

n
∈
N

in [0, 1) possesses Poissonian pair correlations (PPC). Vice versa, it has been proven that a sequence with PPC is uniformly distributed. Grepstad and Larcher gave an explicit upper bound for the discrepancy of a sequence given that it has PPC. As a first result, we generalize here their result to the case of $$\alpha $$
α
-pair correlations with $$0< \alpha < 1$$

0
<
α
<
1

. Since the highest possible level of uniformity is achieved by low-discrepancy sequences it is tempting to assume that there are examples of such sequences which also have PPC. Although there are no such known examples, we prove that every low-discrepancy sequence has at least $$\alpha $$
α
-pair correlations for $$0< \alpha <1$$

0
<
α
<
1

. According to Larcher and Stockinger, the reason why many known classes of low-discrepancy sequences fail to have PPC is their finite gap property. In this article, we furthermore show that the discrepancy of a sequence with the finite gap property plus a condition on the distribution of the different gap lengths can be estimated. As a concrete application of this estimation, we re-prove the fact that van der Corput and Kronecker sequences are low-discrepancy sequences. Consequently, it follows from the finite gap property that these sequences have $$\alpha $$
α
-pair correlations for $$0< \alpha < 1$$

0
<
α
<
1

.
Data-driven analytical mechanics of aging viscoelastic shotcrete tunnel shells
Authors: Scharf Raphael , Pichler Bernhard , Heissenberger Roman , Moritz Bernd , Hellmich Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on the principle of virtual power, equilibrium conditions are established for the forces within a cross section of a tunnel top heading driven according the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). External forces, namely impost actions and ground pressure distributions following a third-order polynomial, are analytically linked with internal forces, such as axial forces and bending moments, arising as integrals over the shell thickness, of circumferential normal stresses. The latter are related, via an aging viscoelastic shotcrete material model, to circumferential normal strains, as well as to radial and circumferential displacement components. This allows for analytical transformation of displacement measurement data collected at the crown and the footings of the shell segment, into ground pressure and impost action evolutions, together with all the associated force and stress quantities. For the Sieberg tunnel, driven in Miocene clay marl, our data-driven analytical mechanics model evidences virtually uniform ground pressure distributions, leading to a first rapidly increasing, and then mildly decreasing utilization degree of the shotcrete shell.
A dual-continuum model (TOUGH2) for characterizing flow and discharge in a mechanically disrupted sandstone overburden
Authors: Bedoya-Gonzalez Diego , Kessler Timo , Rinder Thomas , Schafmeister Maria-Theresia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderground hard coal mining usually disrupts the mechanical equilibrium of rock sequences, creating fractures within minor permeable rocks. The present study employs a dual-continuum model to assess how both fractured and porous sandstone media influence the percolation process in postmining setups. To test the approach, the software TOUGH2 was employed to simulate laminar fluid flow in the unsaturated zone of the Ibbenbüren Westfield mining area. Compared to other coal mining districts in Germany, this area is delineated by the topography and local geology, leading to a well-defined hydrogeological framework. Results reveal good agreement between the calculated and measured mine water discharge for the years 2008 and 2017. The constructed model was capable of reproducing the bimodal flow behavior of the adit by coupling a permeable fractured continuum with a low-conductivity rock matrix. While flow from the fractured continuum results in intense discharge events during winter months, the rock matrix determines a smooth discharge limb in summer. The study also evaluates the influence of individual and combined model parameters affecting the simulated curve. A detailed sensitivity analysis displayed the absolute and relative permeability function parameters of both continua among the most susceptible variables. However, a strong a priori knowledge of the value ranges for the matrix continuum helps to reduce the model ambiguity. This allowed for calibration of some of the fractured medium parameters for which sparse or variable data were available. However, the inclusion of the transport component and acquisition of more site-specific data is recommended to reduce their uncertainty.
Effect of foaming parameters on the physical and phytochemical properties of tomato powder
Authors: Farid Eman , Mounir Sabah , Talaat Eman , Elnemr Sherif , Siliha Hassan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of foaming parameters on the physical and phytochemical properties of tomato powder. A central composite rotatable design of experiments was defined with two parameters (concentration of soy protein isolate [SPI]: 1–5% and whipping time: 2–14 min) with 5 levels for each parameter. The foam was prepared by whipping tomato puree after adding SPI and dried in a thin layer (4 mm ± 1) at 50 °C. The obtained results showed the predominant effect of the concentration of SPI on the physical and phytochemical properties compared to whipping time. The powder prepared under foaming conditions of 5% SPI and whipping time of 8 min showed an increase of 97, 39, 62, and 46% in the total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and porosity, respectively, while the bulk density decreased by about 25%.
The tails of two invasive species: genetic responses to acute and chronic bottlenecks
Authors: Gatto-Almeida Fernanda , Pichlmueller Florian , Bodey Thomas W. , Samaniego Araceli , Russell James C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenetic diversity can affect population viability and can be reduced by both acute and chronic mechanisms. Using the history of the establishment and management of two invasive rat species on Tetiaroa atoll, French Polynesia, we investigated the intensity and longevity of contrasting population bottleneck mechanisms on genetic diversity and bottleneck signal. Using microsatellite loci we show how both a chronic reduction over approximately 50 years of a Rattus exulans population caused by the arrival of its competitor R. rattus, and an acute reduction in a R. rattus population caused by a failed eradication approximately 10 years ago, caused similar magnitudes of genetic diversity loss. Furthermore, these strong bottleneck signals were in addition to the lasting signal from initial colonisation by each species many decades to centuries earlier, characterising a genetic paradox of biological invasion. These findings have implications for the study of population genetics of invasive species, and underscore how important historical context of population dynamics is when interpreting snapshots of genetic diversity.
Not functional yet a difference maker: junk DNA as a case study
Authors: Havstad Joyce C. , Palazzo Alexander F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is often thought that non-junk or coding DNA is more significant than other cellular elements, including so-called junk DNA. This is for two main reasons: (1) because coding DNA is often targeted by historical or current selection, it is consideredfunctionallyspecial and (2) because its mode of action is uniquely specific amongst the other actual difference makers in the cell, it is consideredcausallyspecial. Here, we challenge both these presumptions. With respect to function, we argue that there is previously unappreciated reason to think that junk DNA is significant, since it can alter the cellular environment, and those alterations can influence how organism-level selection operates. With respect to causality, we argue that there is again reason to think that junk DNA is significant, since it too (like coding DNA) is remarkably causally specific (in Waters’, in J Philos 104:551–579, 2007 sense). As a result, something is missing from the received view of significance in molecular biology—a view which emphasizes specificity and neglects something we term ‘reach’. With the special case of junk DNA in mind, we explore how to model and understand the causal specificity, reach, and correspondingefficacyof difference makers in biology. The account contains implications for how evolution shapes the genome, as well as advances our understanding of multi-level selection.
Against the generalised theory of function
Authors: Fagerberg Harriet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractJustin Garson has recently advanced a Generalised Selected Effects Theory of biological proper function. According to Garson, his theory spells trouble for the Dysfunction Account of Disorder. This paper argues that Garson’s critique of the Dysfunction Account from the Generalised Theory fails, and that we should reject the Generalised Theory outright. I first show that the Generalised Theory does not, as Garson asserts, imply that neurally selected disorders are not dysfunctional. Rather, it implies that they are both functional and dysfunctional. I argue on this basis that the Generalised Theory yields conflicting functional norms, and we that should reject it outright on these grounds.
A fine-grained data set and analysis of tangling in bug fixing commits
Authors: Herbold Steffen , Trautsch Alexander , Ledel Benjamin , Aghamohammadi Alireza , Ghaleb Taher A. , Chahal Kuljit Kaur , Bossenmaier Tim , Nagaria Bhaveet , Makedonski Philip , Ahmadabadi Matin Nili , Szabados Kristof , Spieker Helge , Madeja Matej , Hoy Nathaniel , Lenarduzzi Valentina , Wang Shangwen , Rodríguez-Pérez Gema , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo , Verdecchia Roberto , Singh Paramvir , Qin Yihao , Chakroborti Debasish , Davis Willard , Walunj Vijay , Wu Hongjun , Marcilio Diego , Alam Omar , Aldaeej Abdullah , Amit Idan , Turhan Burak , Eismann Simon , Wickert Anna-Katharina , Malavolta Ivano , Sulír Matúš , Fard Fatemeh , Henley Austin Z. , Kourtzanidis Stratos , Tuzun Eray , Treude Christoph , Shamasbi Simin Maleki , Pashchenko Ivan , Wyrich Marvin , Davis James , Serebrenik Alexander , Albrecht Ella , Aktas Ethem Utku , Strüber Daniel , Erbel Johannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Context
Tangled commits are changes to software that address multiple concerns at once. For researchers interested in bugs, tangled commits mean that they actually study not only bugs, but also other concerns irrelevant for the study of bugs.

Objective
We want to improve our understanding of the prevalence of tangling and the types of changes that are tangled within bug fixing commits.

Methods
We use a crowd sourcing approach for manual labeling to validate which changes contribute to bug fixes for each line in bug fixing commits. Each line is labeled by four participants. If at least three participants agree on the same label, we have consensus.

Results
We estimate that between 17% and 32% of all changes in bug fixing commits modify the source code to fix the underlying problem. However, when we only consider changes to the production code files this ratio increases to 66% to 87%. We find that about 11% of lines are hard to label leading to active disagreements between participants. Due to confirmed tangling and the uncertainty in our data, we estimate that 3% to 47% of data is noisy without manual untangling, depending on the use case.

Conclusion
Tangled commits have a high prevalence in bug fixes and can lead to a large amount of noise in the data. Prior research indicates that this noise may alter results. As researchers, we should be skeptics and assume that unvalidated data is likely very noisy, until proven otherwise.
The Significance of R(BG and Anor) v Suffolk CC (2021): Meeting ‘Eligible Need[s]’ in Social Care?
Authors: Diver Alice , Schwehr Belinda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe reasoning in Suffolk offers a partial redefinition of the notions of wellbeing and individual need, via its detailed analysis of the legislative frameworks associated with the making - and interpretation - of needs assessments. The decision underscores the subjective nature of many such decisions which involve a conceptualisation of eligible needs, particularly where these are made against a backdrop of austerity-led funding cuts, and rapid changes to social care law and policy. In terms of promoting a juridical right to be adequately supported and/or cared for, the decision may yet prove to be very useful: it spotlights the impacts of resource-rationing and questions how a right to human dignity might best realised when finite, scarce resources are being further whittled-away. The right to respect for one’s home, family, and private life under Article 8 (ECHR) is not overlooked here. Though not explicitly highlighted within the judgment, there are clear reminders of the state’s duty to actively promote and protect family life, given the importance of our ‘domestic, family and personal relationships.’ The links between personal wellbeing and strong family ties are examined in several places as is human dignity via the right to individual autonomy. The decision - pending appeal - should be of interest to anyone working to promote the rights of familial carers and the cared-for or advocating the right to be afforded adequate levels of social care and state support.
Dirac-harmonic maps with potential
Authors: Branding Volker 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the influence of an additional scalar potential on various geometric and analytic properties of Dirac-harmonic maps. We will create a mathematical wish list of the possible benefits from inducing the potential term and point out that the latter cannot be achieved in general. Finally, we focus on several potentials that are motivated from supersymmetric quantum field theory.
Possible biases in observation systems when applied across contexts: conceptualizing, operationalizing, and sequencing instructional quality
Authors: Luoto Jennifer , Klette Kirsti , Blikstad-Balas Marte 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCapturing and measuring instructional patterns by using standardized observation manuals has become increasingly popular in classroom research. While researchers argue that a common vocabulary of teaching is necessary for the field of classroom research to move forward, instructional features vary across classrooms and contexts, which poses serious measuring challenges. In this article, we argue that potential biases embedded in observation systems have to be identified and addressed in order for interpretations of results across different classrooms and contexts to be valid and relevant. We identify three aspects of possible systematic biases (related to the grain size of conceptualization, operationalization, and sequencing of lessons) and how these may influence ratings of instructional quality when an established observation system (the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observations [PLATO]) is applied in the contexts of Nordic mathematics classrooms. We discuss implications of such possible biases and make suggestions for how they may be addressed.
Convergence structures and Hausdorff uo-Lebesgue topologies on vector lattice algebras of operators
Authors: Deng Yang , Jeu Marcel de 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA vector sublattice of the order bounded operators on a Dedekind complete vector lattice can be supplied with the convergence structures of order convergence, strong order convergence, unbounded order convergence, strong unbounded order convergence, and, when applicable, convergence with respect to a Hausdorff uo-Lebesgue topology and strong convergence with respect to such a topology. We determine the general validity of the implications between these six convergences on the order bounded operator and on the orthomorphisms. Furthermore, the continuity of left and right multiplications with respect to these convergence structures on the order bounded operators, on the order continuous operators, and on the orthomorphisms is investigated, as is their simultaneous continuity. A number of results are included on the equality of adherences of vector sublattices of the order bounded operators and of the orthomorphisms with respect to these convergence structures. These are consequences of more general results for vector sublattices of arbitrary Dedekind complete vector lattices. The special attention that is paid to vector sublattices of the orthomorphisms is motivated by explaining their relevance for representation theory on vector lattices.
Antioxidant Activity and Profile of Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbal Plants
Authors: Foss Kamil , Przybyłowicz Katarzyna E. , Sawicki Tomasz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerbs are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances that positively affect human health. Phenolic compounds are one of the main bioactive compounds in these plants with highly beneficial properties (e.g., anti-carcinogenic, cardioprotective, immune system support and antibacterial). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in 10 different herbs (bogbean leaves, sage leaves, whole Indian hemp, whole heartsease, whole horsetail, whole blessed thistle, whole thyme, chamomile flower, corn silk and pine buds). Phenolic compounds were analyzed using the HPLC-TOF-MS/MS method, total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods, while antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. The highest content of free TP was found in thyme, while sage was characterized by the highest range of these compounds released from ester and glycosidic derivatives by hydrolysis. In turn, the highest values of TF in non-hydrolyzed extracts were found in Indian hemp. The highest values of TF, including bound phenols were observed in extracts obtained from sage leaves. In the analyzed herbs thirty-three phenolic compounds were found, constituting 16 phenolic acids, 9 flavonoids and eight stilbenes. Moreover, the analyzed compounds appeared in the bound form than in the free form. The antioxidant activity of herb extracts differed significantly across varieties (P < 0.05). The research showed that each tested herb possesses its own fingerprint of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties.
The impact of risk aversion and ambiguity aversion on annuity and saving choices
Authors: André Eric , Bommier Antoine , Le Grand François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe analyze the impact of risk aversion and ambiguity aversion on the competing demands for annuities and bequeathable savings using a lifecycle recursive utility model. Our main finding is that risk aversion and ambiguity aversion have similar effects: an increase in either of the two reduces annuity demand and enhances bond holdings. We obtain this unequivocal result in the flexible intertemporal framework of Hayashi and Miao (2011) by assuming that the agent’s preferences are monotone with respect to first-order stochastic dominance. Our contribution is then twofold. First, from a decision-theoretic point of view, we show that monotonicity allows one to obtain clear-cut results about the respective roles of risk and ambiguity aversion. Second, from the insurance point of view, our result that the demand for annuities decreases with risk and ambiguity aversion stands in contrast with what is usually found with other insurance products. As such, it may help explain the low annuitization level observed in the data.
Human motion quality and accuracy measuring method for human–robot physical interactions
Authors: Tuli Tadele Belay , Manns Martin , Zeller Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn human–robot collaboration (HRC), human motion capture can be considered an enabler for switching autonomy between humans and robots to create efficient and safe operations. For this purpose, wearable motion tracking systems such as IMU and lighthouse-based systems have been used to transfer human joint motions into robot controller models. Due to reasons such as global positioning, drift, and occlusion, in some situations, e.g., HRC, both systems have been combined. However, it is still not clear if the motion quality (e.g., smoothness, naturalness, and spatial accuracy) is sufficient when the human operator is in the loop. This article presents a novel approach for measuring human motion quality and accuracy in HRC. The human motion capture has been implemented in a laboratory environment with a repetition of forty-cycle operations. Human motion, specifically of the wrist, is guided by the robot tool center point (TCP), which is predefined for generating circular and square motions. Compared to the robot TCP motion considered baseline, the hand wrist motion deviates up to 3 cm. The approach is valuable for understanding the quality of human motion behaviors and can be scaled up for various applications involving human and robot shared workplaces.
The human–technical–environmental systems framework for sustainability analysis
Authors: Selin Henrik , Selin Noelle E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe field of sustainability science has grown significantly over the past two decades in terms of both conceptual development and empirical research. Systems-focused analysis is critical to building generalizable knowledge in the field, yet much relevant research does not take a systems view. Systems-oriented analytical frameworks can help researchers conceptualize and analyze sustainability-relevant systems, but existing frameworks may lack access or utility outside a particular research tradition. In this article, we outline the human–technical–environmental (HTE) framework, which provides analysts from different disciplinary backgrounds and fields of study a common way to advance systems-focused research on sustainability issues. We detail a step-by-step guide for the application of the HTE framework through a matrix-based approach for identifying system components, studying interactions among system components, and examining interventions targeting components and/or their interactions for the purpose of advancing sustainability. We demonstrate the applicability of the HTE framework and the matrix-based approach through an analysis of an empirical case of coal-fired power plants and mercury pollution, which is relevant to large-scale sustainability transitions. Based on this analysis, we identify specific insights related to the applicability of upstream and downstream leverage points, connections between energy markets and the use of pollution control technologies, and the importance of institutions fitting both biophysical dynamics and socioeconomic and political dynamics. Further application of the HTE framework and the identification of insights can help develop systems-oriented analysis, and inform societal efforts to advance sustainability, as well as contribute to the formulation of empirically grounded middle-range theories related to sustainability systems and sustainability transitions. We conclude with a discussion of areas for further development and application of the HTE framework.