bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy Current Mapping Technology for Residual Stress and Surface Hardness Evaluation in Laser Hardened Steels
Authors: Wang N , He C F , Liu X C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Laser quenching can achieve surface hardening with narrow heat affected zone while without affecting the surface roughness of the material. Therefore, the laser quenching technique is increasingly applied for surface hardening in key components such as precision gear, guide rail, etc. Phase transformation and thermal diffusion occur in the process of laser quenching, resulting in change of microstructures and residual stress distribution in the surface layer material. To evaluate the quality of the laser-hardened material of 45and 30Cr steel, eddy current mapping technology is employed in this study to characterize the residual stress and surface hardness. First, C-scan eddy current inspection was performed to the laser hardened region. The mapping results of the impedance parameters clearly show the boundary between the hardened zone and the matrix. Second, X-ray diffraction system and Vickers hardness tester were alternatively used to analyze the distribution of surface hardness and residual stress. Third, the correlation between the individual eddy current parameter and the surface hardness (or residual stress) is investigated by simple linear regression tool. The impedance amplitude demonstrates good linear dependencies on both the surface hardness and residual stress. Therefore, the proposed eddy current mapping technology is capable of mapping the distribution of surface hardness (related with microstructures) or the residual stress in laser hardened ferromagnetic components.
Design of advanced micro-magnetic sensors for various applications
Authors: Wang Xianxian , Liu Xiucheng , Liu Xin , Shang Wanli , Wang Shanshan , He Cunfu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The state of the microstructures determines both the mechanical properties (hardness, yield strength, elongation, etc.) and micro-magnetic properties (magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), incremental permeability (IP), etc.). The non-destructive nature of the micro-magnetic testing technology facilitate it be a valuable tool for quality control in the manufacturing of ferromagnetic components. In the implementation of micro-magnetic testing, the functions and the geometry of the sensors need be customized for specific target properties and components. In this paper, four types of advanced or multifunctional sensors are presented and applied for micro-magnetic testing. First, a multifunctional sensor is developed for flat surface. Unique intermittent magnetizing method using superimposed magnetic fields of high and low frequencies enable the sensor to measure the magnetic Barkhausen noise, incremental permeability, eddy currents, tangential magnetic field and main flux. Second, to conduct magnetic Barkhausen noise testing at the inner corner of V-shape bending plate, a miniaturized sensor with U-shape roller magnetizer is designed to perfect contact with the corner region. Third, read head of a magnetic tape player is revised to act as high-lateral-resolution (up to 500μm) sensor for magnetic Barkhausen noise measurement in ferromagnetic film. Fourth, a slender probe is developed and embedded into an anti-bulking fixture that is clamped onto the flat specimen. With the slender probe together with the special fixture, the dependency of the magnetic Barkhausen noise on the compressive and tensile stress is first experimentally observed in a single flat specimen under continuous load.
CNC Machining Centre Thermal Error Prediction from Temperature Sensors Using Autoencoder-Augmented Long Short Term Memory Networks
Authors: Marei Mohamed , Li Weidong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To counteract thermal error due to material deformation in multi-axis heavy-duty CNC machining applications, this paper presents an approach based on Autoencoder-Augmented Long Short Term Memory deep learning models. The model predicts the z-axis offset of machine tools, in an idle state, with up to 96% accuracy, from ambient temperature sensor readings. By enabling a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm to learn time dependencies across input features and past output values with a fifth-order lag, a sequence-to-sequence regression problem is formulated. The model objective is to predict the z-axis thermal offset as an output from temperature sensor inputs. To reduce input data redundancy, the algorithm also leverages an Autoencoder to learn a reduced dimension feature representation for the input data. The reduction in input dimensionality achieves a considerable reduction in computation effort, measured in units of time, without compromising the prediction accuracy. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on a subset of the recorded data, and the model is benchmarked against several techniques from the literature. The results and qualitative evaluation demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach at generating accurate predictions of the z-axis error of the system and, consequently, reducing the control error.
The Design of Large-aperture HFCVD Diamond-coated Drawing Die Preparation System and Experimental Study on Its Application
Authors: Fang Shanxiang , Zhang Qinjian , Ji Shizhe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As a new type of die, HFCVD diamond-coated drawing die registers a great application prospects and market potential because of its performance advantages. This study mainly focuses on the preparation system of diamond coating for large-aperture drawing die. According to the finite element analysis of the temperature field of the die base on HFCVD process, hot filament parameters on the temperature distribution of the die base is studied. And on the basis of the sdudy, a new HFCVD coating mold preparation system with rotating U-shape groove is designed, which can produce more uniform coating. The deposition experiments were carried out on the inner wall of the drawing die by the HFCVD coating mold preparation system. The cross-sectional morphology, surface morphology and Raman spectrogram of the diamond coating show that the thickness of the diamond coating is uniform and the quality is satisfactory. This provides reference for the application of the large-aperture diamond-coated drawing die.
An Adsorption Robot for Pipeline Inspection of Gas Insulation Switchgear
Authors: Wensheng Li , Kaixuan Li , Ming Nie , Wei Wang , Liqiang Zhong , Xiaoming Mai , Hao Wu , Hao Mo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to enable a robot to do the omni-directional mobility for inspection in the pipeline of Gas Insulation Switchgear, a negative pressure adsorption pipeline robot is designed. Firstly, the mechanical structure was designed for the omni-directional mobility based on the negative pressure adsorption. The internal surface motion model of the pipeline robot was built, and a variable adsorption control method was proposed by mechanical analysis. Simulations and experiments showed that the robot could steadily adsorb on any position of the pipeline, which validated the capability of omni-directional mobility for the designed robot. This robot can be used for inspection of the Gas Insulation Switchgear in electric power industry in the near future.
Selection of measurement parameters using the DiagBelt magnetic system on the test conveyor
Authors: Olchówka D , Blażej R , Jurdziak L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The DiagBelt system is the diagnostics device for assessment of a technical condition of conveyor belts. The following paper concerns the magnetic module dedicated for monitoring of belts with steel cords. The system allows scanning of belts with different cord diameters and their density. The speed of the belt also may vary depending on the operating conveyor. Additionally, the system user can change measurement sensitivity and the distance between the measuring probe and the cord. The measurement allowed to determine values of these parameters of which test results are the most reliable. In practice, this enables faster and more accurate assessment of a belt condition, which plays a significant role in the planning maintenance operations. It has a good impact on the continuity of belt operation and belt conveyors reliability. Therefore, it improves the reliability of the whole mining transport system.
The smart design process of seats mounting for public transport vehicles
Authors: Zawadzki P , KŻywicki  , Krajanowski-Kaleta J , Promiński R , Jankowiak T , Szymański S , Szymański M , Mróz A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a semi-automatic method supporting designers in the process of designing interior construction elements for mass communication vehicles. The use of special, generative CAD models, as well as the recording and implementation of engineering knowledge within KBE methods, has enabled the development of a new way of designing dedicated seat attachments. The new solution has allowed to shorten the design time, increase the standardization of manufactured components and limit the possibility of making mistakes by designers. The example described in the work was developed in the 3DExperience environment with Catia software.
Numerical modelling of concrete-filled aluminium alloy 6082-T6 columns under axial compression
Authors: Georgantzia Evangelia , Ali Shafayat Bin , Gkantou Michaela , Kamaris George S , Kot Patryk , Hashim Khalid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are characterised by numerous benefits, such as ease of fabrication, good strength-to-weight ratio, attractive appearance and high corrosion resistance. On the other hand, aluminium has low Young’s Modulus and as a result, it is susceptible to structural instability phenomena that can subsequently affect the structural integrity. Improved strength and stiffness can be achieved by combining aluminium alloys with concrete. The present work investigates numerically the response of concrete-filled aluminium tubular members under axial compression. In particular, 6082-T6 extruded aluminium alloy rectangular and square hollow sections filled with C30 concrete are examined. Finite element models are developed accounting for geometric and material non-linearities. Upon validation against experimental data, the finite element models are used to conduct a thorough parametric study over a wide range of structural members likely to occur in practice to investigate their structural behaviour under axial compression. The obtained load capacities are discussed and remarks on the structural response and on the buckling behaviour are reported. Design recommendations for the buckling strength of concrete-filled aluminium tubular columns on the basis of the numerical analyses are also made.
Study on the effects of laser quenching power and scanning speed on the property of cast iron
Authors: Wang S , Yan S , Lin J , Batako A D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The laser surface quenching power, scanning speed, and spot area have significant effect on the properties of the laser quenched materials. The effects of laser quenching power and scanning speed on the tribological, vibration, and noise performance of gray cast iron (HT250) are studied in this paper. Keeping the laser quenching spot constant, 12 cast iron discs are laser quenched by changing the laser quenching power and scanning speed. Various mechanical, tribological, and dynamical testing equipment are used to characterize the properties of the laser quenched cast iron discs, in terms of the surface hardness, residual stress, friction coefficient, and frictional vibrations and noise of the cast iron discs. The experimental results show that after laser surface quenching, the surface hardness of the cast iron disc has been increased more than 4 times, the residual stress on the disc surface is changed from tensile stress to compressive stress, the friction coefficients of the laser quenched cast iron discs have been significantly increased, and the vibration and noise generated from the laser quenched cast iron discs have been significantly changed. This research has significance to the improvement of the surface performance of automotive brake discs and the control of braking frictional vibrations and noise.
Surface Finish and Property Evaluation of Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLS) Al-Si-10Mg alloy
Authors: Ashwath P. , Anthony Xavior M. , Jeyapandiarajan P. , Joel J. , Batako Andre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique is widely recognized by engineering sectors for its novel capability to manufacture components directly from a Computer-Aided Model (CAM). Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an upcoming modernization among different AM techniques. DMLS is one of the AM techniques attuned to produce the three-dimensional components or expensive component by layer-by-layer powder deposition and laser sintering avoiding utilization of any alternative additional processes. Current research work focus on fabricating an Al-Si-10Mg aluminium alloy by DMLS process which is studied for the influence of specimen geometry, surface finish and build orientation on the mechanical strength. The importance of the sample studied for the geometry and surface finish is quite necessary specifically for dynamic applications.
The properties of stainless steel 17-4PH produced by a low-cost additive manufacturing technique, the Markforged MetalX™
Authors: Burgess A , Dodd R , Radwani M , Opoz T T , Tammas-Williams S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The lower capital and running cost of the Markforged Metal X™ platform, in comparison to competing metal additive manufacturing systems, makes it a highly attractive proposition for several industries. The unusual print, then sinter, process also has the potential to avoid many of the metallurgy issues that can arise using more typical additive manufacturing, which relies on melting to bind the material. However, the mechanical properties of the material produced must be well understood. In this paper, the properties of 17-4PH stainless steel samples produced by the Metal X™ are documented following a systematic testing program, involving standard mechanical testing as well as material characterisation techniques. Significant differences were observed between the samples tested in differing orientations. This is thought to be due to the deposition process used to lay the material prior to sintering, which results in voids and surface stress concentrations that reduce the strength of the material. Heat treatments and surface machining were both found to improve the tensile properties of the material.
Modelling and automation of a process for obtaining coagulum in treatment of industrial
Authors: Safonyk A , Tarhonii I , Burduk A , Batako A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper present the development a model for obtaining a coagulant for the process of cleaning and discoloration of industrial waste water and the development of a PID automated system for wastewater treatment. The description of the processes taking place in an electro-coagulator is given along with the solution obtained by model. The influence of current on the concentration of divalent iron water temperature is investigated. The algorithm of two-circuit regulation of concentration of pollution in sewage with the feedback current between the coagulator plates and the concentration pollutants in the water entering the automated purification system is developed. The automated control system for wastewater treatment process with the implementation of the coagulant forecasting algorithm in relation to the input pollution concentration is developed. The control of current magnitude in the electro-coagulator with minimal electricity consumption was realized. It is planned to manage the system with the ability to change the performance of the entire installation in real time using the SCADA - system.
A LN2-based cryogenic system prototype for future PandaX experiment
Authors: Jiang Xinbei , Zhao Li , Wang Shaobo , Fu Jia , Wu Tianjie , Liu Jianglai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper describes results on R&D of an economical and
efficient cryogenic system prototype for future liquid xenon
detector. The test module of the prototype has a “coldhead”
attached to a copper rod, which is specially designed to transport
heat loads to a free-boiling liquid nitrogen bath. The performance
of the test module and commercial refrigerators is compared. The
module with an optimized copper rod has demonstrated more than
1500 W cooling power at 178 K. The temperature of the “cold
head” can be kept stable with an error of 0.02 K, its fluctuation
is within 0.1 K.
Monte Carlo study of the BSS2 calibration system using the PTW 23392 extrapolation chamber
Authors: Araújo L.F. , Behrens R. , Fonseca T.C.F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop and validate a computational model of the Beta Secondary Standard type 2 (BSS2) system, with sources, filters and the PTW 23392 extrapolation chamber using MCNPx code. Simulations were performed to calculate the absorbed dose rate to tissue at null depth and 0.07 mm for the 85Kr, 90Sr/90Y and 147Pm beta radiation sources. The response curve was calculated by computing the energy deposited, at different depths, to the sensitive volume of the chamber. The deviations in the absorbed dose rate obtained using the MCNPx code compared to the calibration certificate data were found to be up to 2 %. Deviations up to 10 % were observed for the transmission factor calculated for all three beta sources. This work describes in detail the main parameters and common issues seeing when modelling an extrapolation chamber and three different beta standard sources.
Unprecedented climate extremes in South Africa and implications for maize production
Authors: Bradshaw Catherine D , Pope Edward , Kay Gillian , Davie Jemma C S , Cottrell Andrew , Bacon James , Cosse Adriana , Dunstone Nick , Jennings Stewart , Challinor Andrew , Chapman Sarah , Birch Cathryn , Sallu Susannah M , King Richard , Macdiarmid Jennie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Maize is the most important crop grown in South Africa, but yields can be severely reduced by extreme high summer average temperatures and low precipitation, potentially adversely affecting both domestic consumption and regional food security exports. To help understand and manage climate risks to food security in Southern Africa it is essential to quantify the present-day likelihood and magnitude of climate extremes in South Africa’s maize-growing region and explore the potential for unprecedented climate conditions which would likely result in record low maize yields. We analyse a large ensemble of initialised climate model simulations, which provides almost 100 times as many plausible present-day summers as the equivalent observational dataset. We quantify the risk of unprecedented climate extremes affecting maize production in South Africa and examine the role of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. We find that the South African maize region is at risk of experiencing record-breaking hot, cold, dry or wet events under current climatic conditions. We find that the annual chance of unprecedented high temperatures in South Africa is approximately 4%, increasing to 62% during very strong El Niño years. We also find that the chance of exceeding the present day seasonal high temperature record has increased across the 1979–2018 period, being five times more likely now than it was in 1980. These extreme events could result in a record-breaking number of days above the optimum, or even the maximum, temperature for maize production, and lead to more severe floods or droughts. Under climate change scenarios, the magnitude and frequency of climate extremes is projected to increase meaning that the unprecedented extremes studied here could become commonplace in the future. This suggests that significant investment is needed to develop adaptations that manage the climate-related risks to food systems now and build resilience to the projected impacts of climate change.
Universal fluctuations and ergodicity of generalized diffusivity on critical percolation clusters
Authors: Pacheco-Pozo Adrian , Sokolov Igor M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite a long history and a clear overall understanding of properties of random walks on an incipient infinite cluster in percolation, some important information on it seems to be missing in the literature. In the present work, we revisit the problem by performing massive numerical simulations for (sub)diffusion of particles on such clusters. Thus, we discuss the shape of the probability density function of particles’ displacements, and the way it converges to its long-time limiting scaling form. Moreover, we discuss the properties of the mean squared displacement (MSD) of a particle diffusing on the infinite cluster at criticality. This one is known not to be self-averaging. We show that the fluctuations of the MSD in different realizations of the cluster are universal, and discuss the properties of the distribution of these fluctuations. These strong fluctuations coexist with the ergodicity of subdiffusive behavior in the time domain. The dependence of the relative strength of fluctuations in time-averaged MSD on the total trajectory length (total simulation time) is characteristic for diffusion in a percolation system and can be used as an additional test to distinguish this process with disorder-induced memory from processes with otherwise similar behavior, like fractional Brownian motion with the same value of the Hurst exponent.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 6: Ambitwistor Strings and Amplitudes from the Worldsheet
Authors: Geyer Yvonne , Mason Lionel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Starting with Witten’s twistor string, chiral string theories have emerged that describe field theory amplitudes without the towers of massive states of conventional strings. These models are known as ambitwistor strings due to their target space; the space of complexified null geodesics, also called ambitwistor space. Correlators in these string theories directly yield compact formulæ for tree-level amplitudes and loop integrands, in the form of worldsheet integrals fully localized on solutions to constraints known as the scattering equations. In this chapter, we discuss two incarnations of the ambitwistor string: a ‘vector representation’ starting in space–time and structurally resembling the Ramond Neveu–Schwarz (RNS) superstring, and a four-dimensional twistorial version closely related to, but distinct from Witten’s original model. The RNS-like models exist for several theories, with ‘heterotic’ and type II models describing super-Yang–Mills and 10d supergravities respectively, and they manifest the double copy relations directly at the level of the worldsheet models. In the second half of the chapter, we explain how the underlying models lead to diverse applications, ranging from extensions to new sectors of theories, loop amplitudes and to scattering on curved backgrounds. We conclude with a brief discussion of connections to conventional strings and celestial holography.