bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Less Is More: Implementing the Minimal Intervention Needed for Change Approach to Increase Contextual Fit of Speech-Language Interventions
Authors: Curran Maura , Komesidou Rouzana , Hogan Tiffany P. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and researchers face difficulties in moving evidence-based practices from clinical research into widespread practice, in part due to a mismatch between the design of typical intervention research studies and the realities of clinical settings. SLPs must adapt interventions from the literature or established programs to fit the needs of specific clients and settings. Researchers must design studies that better reflect clinical practice.

Method:
Here, we provide an overview of the Minimal Intervention Needed for Change (MINC) approach, a systematic approach to developing and adapting interventions that focuses on achieving meaningful outcomes within specific contexts. We outline the principles of MINC and illustrate this process through the use of a case study.

Results:
MINC can support systematic development and adaptation of interventions in clinical and research settings, particularly settings with resource limitations.

Conclusions:
Researchers should work to align research intervention work with typical clinical settings. This involves both targeting outcomes that are functional and clinically significant and acknowledging resource limitations. SLPs should adapt evidence-based interventions systematically and carefully to meet the needs of clients and settings while retaining the core components of intervention that result in meaningful change for clients.
Joint pre‐ and post‐equalization using optical multi‐level signaling
Authors: Singh Jasmeet , Sandmann André , Ahrens Andreas , Lochmann Steffen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA joint pre‐ and post‐equalization scheme is proposed for an optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system. At the transmitter, a linear feed‐forward pre‐equalizer with just two, three, or four filter taps is suggested to limit the transmitter's complexity and to allow the use of multi‐level modulation. Finally, this concept is combined with a zero‐forcing post‐equalizer at the receiver. By utilizing numerical optimization to design the multi‐level signals, the intersymbol‐interference originating from the channel is mitigated pre‐equalizer taps, a reduction of 3 % in received power compared to a conventional zero‐forcing design is achieved. The equalization scheme is tailored for an optical IM/DD system. Therefore, the specific power constraints of such a setup are taken into account in the equalizer design process. In contrast to existing research, the approach is tested for a multi‐mode fiber system, which is affected by increased inter‐symbol interference due to modal dispersion. The simulation results show that by shifting a small portion of the equalization complexity to the transmitter side, the required optical power to reach a bit‐error rate of is reduced by 7.3% for zero‐forcing and 6.8% for minimum mean square error post‐equalizers. the noise increase by the post‐equalizer is reduced by 6.9 % when including the pre‐equalizer with just two filter taps. Compared to an equalization scheme that solely relies on a zero‐forcing post‐equalizer, the suggested joint pre‐ and post‐equalization scheme is able to improve the bit‐error rate performance by an average of 7.15 %. A testbed experiment with a 250 m multi‐mode fiber channel and a data rate of 2.5 Gbps operating at 1550 nm confirms these simulation results.
Prominence instability and CMEs triggered by massive coronal rain in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Vashalomidze Z. , Zaqarashvili T. V. , Kukhianidze V. , Ramishvili G. , Hanslmeier A. , Gömöry P. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The triggering process for prominence instability and consequent coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is not fully understood. Prominences are maintained by the Lorentz force against the gravity; therefore, reduction of the prominence mass due to the coronal rain may cause the change of the force balance and hence destabilisation of the structures.
Aims. We aim to study the observational evidence of the influence of coronal rain on the stability of prominence and subsequent eruption of CMEs.
Methods. We used the simultaneous observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECHHI) of Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecrafts from different angles to follow the dynamics of prominence and to study the role of coronal rain in their destabilisation.
Results. Three different prominences observed during the years 2011–2012 were analysed using observations acquired by SDO and STEREO. In all three cases, massive coronal rain from the prominence body led to the destabilisation of prominence and subsequently to the eruption of CMEs. The upward rising of prominences consisted of the slow and fast rise phases. The coronal rain triggered the initial slow rise of prominences, which led to the final instability (the fast rise phase) after 18–28 h in all cases. The estimated mass flux carried by coronal rain blobs showed that the prominences became unstable after 40% of mass loss.
Conclusions. We suggest that the initial slow rise phase was triggered by the mass loss of prominence due to massive coronal rain, while the fast rise phase (the consequent instability of prominences) was caused by the torus instability and/or magnetic reconnection with the overlying coronal field. Therefore, the coronal rain triggered the instability of prominences and consequent CMEs. If this is the case, then the coronal rain can be used to predict the CMEs and hence to improve the space weather predictions.
Treatment of Postoperative Lymphatic Leakage Applying Transpedal Lymphangiography – Experience in 355 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Pan Feng , Richter Goetz M , Do Thuy Duong , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Klotz Rosa , Hackert Thilo , Loos Martin , Sommer Christof M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Report of experience from a single institution in treating postoperative lymphatic leakage (PLL) applying conventional transpedal lymphangiography (TL).
Materials and Methods 453 patients with the initial diagnosis of PLL receiving TL between 03/1993 and 09/2018 were identified in the database. Only patients with confirmed PLL were included in the study. The technical success, safety, and treatment success of TL were evaluated. Independent predictors of TL treatment failure were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results 355 consecutive patients (218 men, 137 women; median age of 62 years) who underwent TL for PLL (e. g., chylothorax) after ineffective conservative treatment were included. The median time between causal surgery and TL was 27 days. The median technical success rate of TL was 88.5 %, with a median volume of Lipiodol of 10.0 ml. No complication of TL was recorded. Three groups were defined according to the different clinical courses: group A (41/355, 11.5 %) – TL with technical failure; group B (258/355, 72.7 %) – “therapeutic” TL alone with technical success; and group C (56/355, 15.8 %) – “diagnostic” TL with simultaneously invasive treatment (incl. surgical revision and percutaneous sclerotherapy). Treatment success rate and median time to treatment success were higher in group C than in group B, but without significant differences (64.3 % vs. 61.6 %, p = 0.710; six vs. five days, p = 0.065). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for group B confirmed drainage volume (> 500 ml/d) and Lipiodol extravasation as independent predictors of TL clinical failure (odds ratios [ORs] of 2.128 and 2.372 [p = 0.005 and p = 0.003, respectively]).
Conclusion TL is technically reliable, safe, and effective in treating PLL. When conservative treatment fails, TL can be regarded as the next treatment option.
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Fully Automated Artery-Specific Calcium Scoring Based on Machine Learning in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening
Authors: Winkelmann Moritz T. , Jacoby Johann , Schwemmer Chris , Faby Sebastian , Krumm Patrick , Artzner Christoph , Bongers Malte N. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Evaluation of machine learning-based fully automated artery-specific coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring software, using semi-automated software as a reference.
Methods A total of 505 patients underwent non-contrast-enhanced calcium scoring computed tomography (CSCT). Automated, machine learning-based software quantified the Agatston score (AS), volume score (VS), and mass score (MS) of each coronary artery [right coronary artery (RCA), left main (LM), circumflex (CX) and left anterior descending (LAD)]. Identified CAC of readers who annotated the data with semi-automated software served as a reference standard. Statistics included comparisons of evaluation time, agreement of identified CAC, and comparisons of the AS, VS, and MS of the reference standard and the fully automated algorithm.
Results The machine learning-based software correlated strongly with the reference standard for the AS, VS, and MS (Spearmanʼs rho > 0.969) (p < 0.001), with excellent agreement (ICC > 0.919) (p < 0.001). The mean assessment time of the reference standard was 59 seconds (IQR 39–140) and that of the automated algorithm was 5.9 seconds (IQR 3.9–16) (p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots mean difference and 1.96 upper and lower limits of agreement for all arteries combined were: AS 0.996 (1.33 to 0.74), VS 0.995 (1.40 to 0.71), and MS 0.995 (1.35 to 0.74). The mean bias was minimal: 0.964–1.0429. Risk class assignment showed high accuracy for the AS in total (weighed κ = 0.99) and for each individual artery (κ = 0.96–0.99) with corresponding correct risk group assignment in 497 of 505 patients (98.4 %).
Conclusion The fully automated artery-specific coronary calcium scoring algorithm is a time-saving procedure and shows excellent correlation and agreement compared with the clinically established semi-automated approach.
Key points:
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Addition/Substitution Approach of TsNHCH2SiMe2CH2Cl with Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates To Construct 1,3,5-Diazasilinan-2-ones or 1,3,5-Thiazasilinan-2-imines
Authors: Li Yi , Hu Tianbao , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTsNHCH2SiMe2CH2Cl has been exploited as a 1,4-dipole synthon for the synthesis of 1,3,5-diazasilinan-2-ones by a sequential N-addition/N-substitution process with isocyanates, or for the synthesis of 1,3,5-thiazasilinan-2-imines with isothiocyanates by a sequential N-addition/S-substitution process.
Endoscopic intermuscular dissection for deep submucosal invasive cancer in the rectum: a new endoscopic approach
Authors: Moons Leon M. G. , Bastiaansen Barbara A. J. , Richir Milan C. , Hazen Wouter L. , Tuynman Jurriaan , Elias Sjoerd G. , Schrauwen Ruud W M. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Dekker Evelien , Bos Philip , Fariña Sarasqueta Arantza , Lacle Miangela , Hompes Roel , Didden Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background The risk of lymph node metastasis associated with deep submucosal invasion should be balanced against the mortality and morbidity of total mesorectal excision (TME). Dissection through the submucosa hinders radical deep resection, and full-thickness resection may influence the outcome of completion TME. Endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) in between the circular and longitudinal part of the muscularis propria could potentially provide an R0 resection while leaving the rectal wall intact.
Methods In this prospective cohort study, the data of patients treated with EID for suspected deep submucosal invasive rectal cancer between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed. Study outcomes were the percentages of technical success, R0 resection, curative resection, and adverse events.
Results 67 patients (median age 67 years; 73 % men) were included. The median lesion size was 25 mm (interquartile range 20–33 mm). The rates of overall technical success, R0 resection, and curative resection were 96 % (95 %CI 89 %–99 %), 81 % (95 %CI 70 %–89 %), and 45 % (95 %CI 33 %–57 %). Only minor adverse events occurred in eight patients (12 %).
Conclusion EID for deep invasive T1 rectal cancer appears to be feasible and safe, and the high R0 resection rate creates the potential of rectal preserving therapy in 45 % of patients.
Human behavior and judgment: A critical nano-foundation for the Uppsala model and international business studies
Authors: Vahlne Jan-Erik , Schweizer Roger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEconomists and researchers of decision-making and business behavior increasingly rely on findings from the field of economic psychology. We argue that, by following a similar route, knowledge of firms’ internationalization is considerably enriched. The aim of this commentary is to point to the potential of including insights from research on human cognition and judgment in explaining internationalization behavior. We offer some examples relying upon commitments and knowledge development as outlined in the Uppsala model and thereby propose a conceptualization linking the nano- and micro-levels within the model.
Gender and feminist considerations in artificial intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Choudhury Sanghamitra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis manuscript discusses the relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world. Using India as a case study, the manuscript outlines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics affect women’s opportunities in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.
The ground and ionized states of azulene: A combined study of the vibrational energy levels by photoionization, configuration interaction, and density functional calculations
Authors: Palmer Michael H. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Aitken R. Alan 
Published: January 2022

A synchrotron-based photoionization spectrum of azulene shows a significant additional vibrational fine structure when compared to previous studies. This spectrum was successfully analyzed by using Franck–Condon (FC) methods. Previously reported zero-kinetic-energy electron spectra for azulene have been reinterpreted in FC terms, leading to some alternative assignments to the earlier work. The sequence of ionic states has been determined by using ab initio configuration interaction (CI) methods, leading to reliable theoretical values for both the calculated adiabatic ionization energy (AIE) and vertical ionization energy (VIE). VIEs were calculated by both symmetry-adapted cluster (SAC-CI), together with Green’s function (GF) and Tamm–Dancoff approximation (TDA), and single excitation CI methods; AIEs for highest states of each symmetry were determined by open-shell self-consistent field (SCF) methods at the restricted Hartree–Fock level. Complete active space SCF was used for the pairs of 12A2 + 22A2 and 12B1 + 22B1 states, each of which occurs as antisymmetric and symmetric (higher energy) combinations. The combined ionic state sequences (AIE and VIE) from these methods are 12A2 &lt; 12B1 &lt; 22A2 &lt; 22B1. The photoelectron spectrum (PES) shows a series of broadbands above 11 eV, each of which is attributed to more than one ionization. The calculated PES sequence of states of up to 19 eV shows that the SAC-CI and GF results are in almost exact agreement. The internal spacing of the bands is best reproduced by the simpler GF and TDA methods. States involving simultaneous ionization and electronic excitation are considered by both SAC-CI and TDA methods.
Encouraging the resumption of economic activity after COVID-19: Evidence from a large scale-field experiment in China
Authors: Palacios Juan , Fan Yichun , Yoeli Erez , Wang Jianghao , Chai Yuchen , Sun Weizeng , Rand David G. , Zheng Siqi 
Published: January 2022

Significance
When the COVID-19 pandemic ends and it becomes safe to resume economic behavior, we will need to find effective ways of communicating that it is truly safe to do so. In this study, we tested a simple “nudge” that informed people of the proportion of their neighbors who were planning to visit a restaurant over the weekend, so that those who felt that restaurants were very unsafe would realize that many others felt comfortable visiting them. Our nudge successfully motivated such hesitant individuals to increase restaurant visits by 37%, and additional analyses indicate they indeed felt that visiting restaurants was safer.
Function-guided proximity mapping unveils electrophilic-metabolite sensing by proteins not present in their canonical locales
Authors: Zhao Yi , Miranda Herrera Pierre A. , Chang Dalu , Hamelin Romain , Long Marcus J. C. , Aye Yimon 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceThe cell is a hive of information flow in which metabolite signals and proteins translocate across subcompartments. Peering into this submicroscopic world is hugely challenging. Using a strategy termed Localis-rex, we identify subcellular locale-specific sensors of a native reactive electrophilic metabolite. Surprisingly, several proteins sense electrophiles in locales where they do not canonically reside. One example is the nuclear protein, CDK9. In the cytosol, the electrophilic-metabolite–modified CDK9 has no negative function. However, following nuclear translocation, the electrophilic-metabolite–modified CDK9 downregulates the transcriptional activator, RNA-Polymerase-II. This exquisitely-nuanced signaling modality highlights the need to assign means, motive, and opportunity to proteins involved in reactive metabolite signaling.
Modelling inductive charging of electric cars in an experimental setup: teaching physics concepts in the context of electromobility
Authors: Fösel Angela , Wilhelm Simon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Within the last 10 years, electromobilty has been and still is an emerging field of research. Besides the possibility of charging the batteries of the vehicles by cables, a lot of research has been conducted on charging them without cables. One of those possibilities is based on a wireless energy transfer using the physical phenomenon of induction, which is a relevant topic for all physics students. In this article, we present a modular experimental setup of an inductive chargeable car and of its charging station. Although a few articles discussing the concept of inductive charging for didactical reasons already exist, all of them focus on theoretical explanations or on practical realisations, but not with electromobility in mind. We present a new ansatz. We designed a sizeable, touchable model for showing the concept as well as the functionality of a technology that is an ongoing object of research. Likewise, we developed the modular experimental setup to have the opportunity to teach the physics phenomenon induction within the interesting and motivating context of electromobilty. Experiments, that students learning about induction could perform if given the modular experimental setup, are discussed. The paper is addressed to undergraduate students and educators teaching physics at university.
Is an extended barrier-free discharge under nanosecond-pulse excitation really diffuse?
Authors: Ren Chenhua , Huang Bangdou , Qiu Jintao , Zhang Cheng , Qi Bo , Chen Weijiang , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A homogeneous discharge with a large volume is a desirable plasma source for many applications. Nanosecond-pulsed high-voltage (HV) excitation is believed to be a promising strategy for obtaining homogeneous or diffuse discharges at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, using a knife–plate geometry driven by a nanosecond-pulsed generator, a diffuse plasma sheet with a gap distance of 1 cm and a length of 12 cm is generated in atmospheric air, maintaining a low gas temperature of ∼330 K. However, time-resolved images reveal that the discharge, which appears diffuse to the naked eye, actually consists of multiple individual streamers that propagate from knife (HV) to plate (ground). The appearance of two processes, namely primary and secondary streamers, is consistently verified by discharge images, electric field evolution and fluid simulation. This further proves that the entire discharge belongs to an intermediate state between corona and spark. This work aids a deeper understanding of the intrinsic characters of similar diffuse discharges and optimizing parameters in practical applications.
Defects, band bending and ionization rings in MoS2
Authors: Di Bernardo Iolanda , Blyth James , Watson Liam , Xing Kaijian , Chen Yi-Hsun , Chen Shao-Yu , Edmonds Mark T , Fuhrer Michael S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chalcogen vacancies in transition metal dichalcogenides are widely acknowledged as both donor dopants and as a source of disorder. The electronic structure of sulphur vacancies in MoS2 however is still controversial, with discrepancies in the literature pertaining to the origin of the in-gap features observed via scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) on single sulphur vacancies. Here we use a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and STS to study embedded sulphur vacancies in bulk MoS2 crystals. We observe spectroscopic features dispersing in real space and in energy, which we interpret as tip position- and bias-dependent ionization of the sulphur vacancy donor due to tip induced band bending. The observations indicate that care must be taken in interpreting defect spectra as reflecting in-gap density of states, and may explain discrepancies in the literature.
Diagnosing topological phase transitions in 1D superconductors using Berry singularity markers
Authors: Kotetes Panagiotis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work I demonstrate how to characterize topological phase transitions in BDI symmetry class superconductors (SCs) in 1D, using the recently introduced approach of Berry singularity markers (BSMs). In particular, I apply the BSM method to the celebrated Kitaev chain model, as well as to a variant of it, which contains both nearest and next nearest neighbor equal spin pairings. Depending on the situation, I identify pairs of external fields which can detect the topological charges of the Berry singularities which are responsible for the various topological phase transitions. These pairs of fields consist of either a flux knob which controls the supercurrent flow through the SC, or, strain, combined with a field which can tune the chemical potential of the system. Employing the present BSM approach appears to be within experimental reach for topological nanowire hybrids.