bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interesting Small Molecule Fluorescent Probe for A Narrow Range (12.5~13) pH and DMSO Detection
Authors: Yang Di , Diao Xue-Wen , Liu Ji , Chen Ya-Xin , Luo Ying-Chun , Cai Xiao-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Aims:The development of a sensitive and visual analytical method for detecting and monitoring the change of pH has always attracted great interest because it plays a significant role in chemical reactions, environmental monitoring, and biological systems.Methods:In this paper, a simple condensation reaction from readily available substrates 2-hydroxy-1- naphthylaldehyde and malononitrile has been carried out to produce probe L with good aggregationinduced luminescence, and its chemical structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS.Objective:There is a conjugated system containing two electron-withdrawing cyano groups and an electron- donating hydroxyl group in probe L's molecular structure, exhibiting obvious fluorescence intensity and visible color change through intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) under different pH conditions.Results:Probe L assumes excellent fluorescence intensity in a DMF/H2O (1:9, v:v) mixed solvent system, and exhibits good reversibility in a very narrow range of pH values (pH = 12.5~13). In addition, probe L can also selectively identify solvent DMSO by the induction of fluorescence quenching.Conclusion:Probe L can be used for the analysis and visual detection to pH change in DMF/H2O system, and it may also be used as the indicator for the detection and monitoring of trace amounts of DMSO.
Optimization of Polyphenol Extraction from Apricot Kernel Shells:
Comparative Study Between Box-Behnken and Central Composite Designs
Authors: Teffane Mohand , Boudries Hafid , Bachir-Bey Mostapha , Kadi Ahcene , Taibi Abdeslem , Boukhalfa Farid , Djoudi Warda 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Phenolic compounds, response surface methodology, optimization, apricot kernel shell, box-behnken design, central
composite design.

Objective:
This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from apricot kernel
shells by different extraction techniques by studying the effects of different parameters on the extraction
efficiency, and the comparison between the Box-Behnken Design and the Central Composite
Design of the response surface methodology is done in order to have good extraction estimation.

Methods:
In this study, response surface methodology; Box-Behnken and Central Composite
Designs, was used to contrast the efficacy and investigate the principal interactions of three operating
parameters (ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time), in the optimization
of phenolic compounds extraction from apricot kernel shells by microwave-assisted extraction,
ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and maceration techniques.

Results:
The results indicated that the optimal total phenolic compounds obtained with microwave
assisted extraction techniques by Box-Behnken Design was 9.30 ± 0.22 mg/g, where the ethanol
concentration, microwave power, and extraction time, were 45.85%, 370.5 W, and 11 min, respectively.
However, the optimal total phenolic compounds revealed by Central Composite Design
were 8.86 ± 0.05mg/g under ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time of
51.99%, 394.37W, and 9.68min, respectively.

Conclusion:
This work proposes the best mathematical model to optimize the extraction of polyphenols
from this by-product which seems to be a possible source of phenolic compounds that can
be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
New Methodology for the Design of Nanostructured Integrated Circuits
Authors: Kumar Sharma Vijay 
Published: May 2022

Background:
A metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is widely
used to make integrated circuits (ICs). MOSFET devices are reaching the practical limitations
for further scaling in the nanoscale regime. It motivates the researchers to explore and develop
new ways to advance the electronics industry. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a potential
way to replace the MOSFET devices in the nanoscale regime. QCA nanotechnology not only
solves the issue of scalability but also degrades the leakage current. It has numerous benefits,
such as a highly dense design, fast speed, and energy efficiency compared to complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

Objective:
An extensive study of QCA nanotechnology is needed to quickly understand the
field. Optimizing the QCA designs is the mandatory requirement to minimize the occupied cell
area, latency and quantum cost. The preliminary knowledge of QCA nanotechnology boosts the
idea of generating different logic functions. This review paper presents the methodology for
making the fundamental logic gates using QCA nanotechnology. XOR gate is commonly used to
implement popular circuits such as adders, subtractors, comparators, code converters, reversible
gates etc. The various available QCA-based 2-input XOR gate designs are discussed and compared
for the different performance metrics.

Methods:
Columbic interaction causes logical operations, and data is transferred from one cell to
another cell using cell-to-cell interaction. A specific arrangement of QCA cells produces a specific
logic. QCA Designer tool using a Bi-stable simulation engine is used to design different
digital circuits.

Results:
This review paper deals with the design of the 2-input XOR gate. The considered performance
metrics for the comparison purpose are cell count, occupied area, clock cycle, and
quantum cost. Existing works on 2-input XOR gates show that a minimum of 8 QCA cells are
needed for a 2-input XOR gate using QCA nanotechnology. A single clock cycle-based 2-input
XOR gate requires at least 9 QCA cells. The quantum cost can be minimized by reducing the
number of QCA cells and clock cycles.

Conclusion:
This review paper helps the circuit designers to select the appropriate 2-input XOR
gate for the design of complex circuits. Circuit designers can use the fundamental concepts detailed
in the paper to implement any Boolean function and optimize it for the existing designs. A
researcher had developed a 2-input XOR gate using only 8 QCA cells with 0.50 clock cycles.
Therefore, designers can start from here to further optimize the 2-input XOR gate with a single
clock cycle.
L-Carnitine Reduced Cellular Aging of Bone Marrow Resident C-Kit+
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Through Telomere Dependent Pathways
Authors: Fathi Ezzatollah , Montazersaheb Soheila , Sanaat Zohreh , Nakhlband Ailar , Vandghanooni Somayeh , Farahzadi Raheleh , Vietor Ilja 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Increased oxygen species levels can induce mitochondrial DNA damage and
chromosomal aberrations and cause defective stem cell differentiation, leading finally to senescence of
stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that antioxidants can improve stem cell survival
and subsequently affect the potency and differentiation of these cells. Finding factors, which reduce the
senescence tendency of stem cells upon expansion, has great potential for cellular therapy in regenerative
medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine (LC) on the aging of C-kit+ hematopoietic
progenitor cells (HPCs) via examining the expression of some signaling pathway components.

Methods:
For this purpose, bone marrow resident C-kit+ HPCs were enriched by the magnetic-activated
cell sorting (MACS) method and were characterized using flow cytometry as well as immunocytochemistry.
Cells were treated with LC, and at the end of the treatment period, the cells were subjected to the realtime
PCR technique along with a western blotting assay for measurement of the telomere length and assessment
of protein expression, respectively.

Results:
The results showed that 0.2 mM LC caused the elongation of the telomere length and increased
the TERT protein expression. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the protein expression of
p38, p53, BCL2, and p16 as key components of the telomere-dependent pathway.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that LC can increase the telomere length as an effective factor in increasing
the cell survival and maintenance of the C-kit+ HPCs via these signaling pathway components.
Hoisting-Rope Continuous Retracting and Releasing Device With Constant Locking Force and Small Impact
Authors: Kou Baofu , Zhang Zhang , Li Zhenshun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
With the continuous exploitation of shallow mineral resources, the shallow resources
are increasingly exhausted. Therefore, the application of multi-rope friction machine in ultradeep,
high speed, heavy load mine will be more widely used. The diameter and dead weight of the
hoisting-rope in this heavy-duty deep well are larger, and the internal torsion and bending load are more
complex, which makes the replacement of the hoisting rope more difficult. According to the "coal mine
safety regulations", the working life of the hoisting-rope is not more than two years, and the hoistingrope
of friction hoist is not more than eight months in a harsh environment. Although the existing hoisting-
rope replacing methods are mature, there are some problems, such as high labor intensity, long replacement
time and low safety, which affect the mine production and are not suitable for deep mine
hoisting-rope replacement operation.

Objective:
The purpose of this patent is to provide a new mechanism for safely and efficiently replacing
the hoisting-ropes of multi-rope friction hoists. In addition, the dynamic simulation analysis of the key
parameters of the mechanism is carried out, and reasonable design suggestions are given.

Methods:
A new device is designed to achieve continuous retracting and releasing ropes with constant
locking force and small impact, which is mainly composed of sprocket, chain, friction block, mechanism
of clamping hoisting-rope and so on.

Results:
The designed new mechanism can efficiently and safely replace the hoisting-rope of various
hoisting equipment and realize the continuous hoisting-rope replacement, limiting the load impact to a
great extent. The mechanism is responsible for clamping and releasing the new hoisting-rope and retracting
the old hoisting-rope during the whole hoisting-rope replacement process. In the condition of
some hoisting-rope with large dead weight, it can also provide enough clamping force, and there will be
no phenomenon of hoisting-rope sliding.

Conslusion:
The device not only realizes the synchronous replacement of the old and new hoistingrope,
but also greatly improves the replacement efficiency and safety of the hoisting-rope. The patent
effectively solves the existing problems in the process of hoisting-rope replacement and greatly improves
work efficiency.
Using Artificial Intelligence as a Diagnostic Decision Support Tool in Skin Disease: Protocol for an Observational Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Escalé-Besa Anna , Fuster-Casanovas Aïna , Börve Alexander , Yélamos Oriol , Fustà-Novell Xavier , Esquius Rafat Mireia , Marin-Gomez Francesc X , Vidal-Alaball Josep 
Published: May 2022

Background
Dermatological conditions are a relevant health problem. Each person has an average of 1.6 skin diseases per year, and consultations for skin pathology represent 20% of the total annual visits to primary care and around 35% are referred to a dermatology specialist. Machine learning (ML) models can be a good tool to help primary care professionals, as it can analyze and optimize complex sets of data. In addition, ML models are increasingly being applied to dermatology as a diagnostic decision support tool using image analysis, especially for skin cancer detection and classification.

Objective
This study aims to perform a prospective validation of an image analysis ML model as a diagnostic decision support tool for the diagnosis of dermatological conditions.

Methods
In this prospective study, 100 consecutive patients who visit a participant general practitioner (GP) with a skin problem in central Catalonia were recruited. Data collection was planned to last 7 months. Anonymized pictures of skin diseases were taken and introduced to the ML model interface (capable of screening for 44 different skin diseases), which returned the top 5 diagnoses by probability. The same image was also sent as a teledermatology consultation following the current stablished workflow. The GP, ML model, and dermatologist’s assessments will be compared to calculate the precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the ML model. The results will be represented globally and individually for each skin disease class using a confusion matrix and one-versus-all methodology. The time taken to make the diagnosis will also be taken into consideration.

Results
Patient recruitment began in June 2021 and lasted for 5 months. Currently, all patients have been recruited and the images have been shown to the GPs and dermatologists. The analysis of the results has already started.

Conclusions
This study will provide information about ML models’ effectiveness and limitations. External testing is essential for regulating these diagnostic systems to deploy ML models in a primary care practice setting.
Potent Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polymeric Microsphere Formulated Metformin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Kumar Chakra Biplab , Debnath Souvik , Mukherjee Avinaba , Kuotsu Ketousetou , Chakraborty Mayur , Kumar Chatterjee Tapan 
Published: May 2022

Metformin is an extensively used drug as frontline medicine for type II diabetes. However, the target-specific delivery and efficacy of Metformin in a microsphere formulated pattern has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present study is aimed to develop an oral site-specific rate-controlled anti-diabetic drug delivery system to pacify systemic side effects and offer effective and safe therapy for diabetic diseases with the compressed dose duration of treatment. To formulate this, guar gum and sodium alginate was used, whereas ethyl cellulose was applied as a coating polymer. Subsequent drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and drug release were performed which indicates the proper formulation and sustained release of Metformin in a microsphere. Thereafter, the formulated drug was applied in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Swiss albino rats. Histopathology of the liver, kidney, and pancreas was performed. Also, the level of liver glycogen, Glucose-6-phosphate, dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase content were significant (* p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) with the metformin-loaded microsphere treated group. Moreover, the drug release from the optimized microsphere at 12 hr was found to be 72%. The significant control in blood glucose and inclined body weight, food, and water intake showed the potential of the formulated drug. A similar range of VLDL and the other lipid profile, especially HDL level, offers the combined metformin-loaded microsphere reversal effect on cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. Overall, this study depicts, the significant antidiabetic efficacy of metformin's polymeric microsphere using natural guar gum which can improve the blood glucose level, lipid profile level, and histopathological architecture of concerned organs.
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Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2
Authors: Zhou Runhong , Liu Na , Li Xin , Peng Qiaoli , Yiu Cheuk-Kwan , Huang Haode , Yang Dawei , Du Zhenglong , Kwok Hau-Yee , Au Ka-Kit , Cai Jian-Piao , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , KW Kelvin , Xu Xiaoning , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: May 2022

Background: The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2
infections in Hong Kong, the world model city of universal masking, has
resulted in a major public health crisis. Although the third
heterologous BNT162b2 vaccination after 2-dose CoronaVac generated
higher neutralizing antibody responses than the third homologous
CoronaVac booster, vaccine efficacy and corelates of immune protection
against the major circulating Omicron BA.2 remains to be investigated.
Methods: We investigated the vaccine efficacy against the
Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection among 481 public servants who had
been received with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines including two-dose BNT162b2
(2×BNT, n=169), three-dose BNT162b2 (2×BNT, n=175), two-dose CoronaVac
(2×CorV, n=37), three-dose CoronaVac (3×CorV, n=68) and third-dose
BNT162b2 following 2×CorV (2×CorV+1BNT, n=32). Humoral and cellular
immune responses after three-dose vaccination were characterized and
correlated with clinical characteristics of BA.2 infection.
Results: During the BA.2 outbreak, 29.3% vaccinees were
infected. Three-dose vaccination provided protection with lower
incidence rates of breakthrough infections (2×BNT 49.2% vs 3×BNT
16.6%, p<0.0001; 2×CorV 48.6% vs 3×CoV 20.6%, p=0.003). The
third heterologous vaccination showed the lowest incidence (2×CorV+1×BNT
6.3%). Although BA.2 conferred the highest neutralization resistance
compared with variants of concern tested, the third dose
vaccination-activated spike-specific memory B and Omicron cross-reactive
T cell responses contributed to reduced frequencies of breakthrough
infection and disease severity. Conclusions: Our results have
implications to timely boost vaccination and immune responses likely
required for vaccine-mediated protection against Omicron BA.2 pandemic.
uso da voz nos rituais indígenas Pankararu
Authors: Carvalho Andressa Thaiany , Vaz Masson Maria Lúcia 
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a voz é essencial para preservação e manutenção da cultura de grupos sociais. O povo Pankararu, vincula sua língua-mãe aos rituais religiosos. A principal forma de transmitir a tradição oral é através dos cantos nos rituais dos Praiás. Objetivo: resgatar o uso de voz pelos cantadores Pankararu no ritual dos Praiás, à luz do saber tradicional e científico. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo história de vida, autobiográfica, no qual foram acessadas memórias individuais e coletivas da comunidade Pankararu, considerando a caracterização do povo, do ambiente e o uso de voz nos rituais. Resultados: os cantadores utilizam a voz de maneira intensa e contínua, sem hidratação, e fumam cachimbo durante o ritual. O local onde cantam é um terreiro, espaço aberto, exposto às intempéries da natureza, com presença de poeira. Para cuidar da voz, baseiam-se no saber tradicional, apresentando uma visão distinta do conhecimento científico, no qual a voz representa sua cultura e identidade. Nesta perspectiva, hábitos descritos pela literatura como deletérios, são considerados saudáveis, demonstrando uma concepção singular de saúde. Conclusão: o conhecimento científico, paralelamente ao tradicional, poderá contribuir para estabelecimento de cuidados que visem à saúde vocal dos Pankararus. Poderei oferecer ao meu povo, o qual apresenta demandas de saúde, conhecimentos científicos proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de voz e vida.
Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Varietas 'Kristal' pada Fase Pembibitan
Authors: Kuncoro Aldi Suryo , Hendarto Kus , Yelli Fitri , Widyastuti R. A. Diana 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of providing various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seeds and the interaction between the provision of various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seedlings. This research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from September 2020 to March 2021. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (2x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor was planting media (M) which consisted of (M1) soil and rice husks, (M2) soil and mushroom baglog. The second factor is the type of local microorganism (MOL) (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely (P1) local microorganism EM4, (P2) local microorganism of banana weevil, (P3) local microorganism of coconut fiber, and (P4) local microorganism of cow dung. The results of the study which were tested by analysis on all variables stated that the presentation of various different media affected the increase in plant height and the treatment of different microorganisms affected the increase in leaves and leaf chlorophyll, the increase in shoot growth area, the interaction between various growing media and local microorganisms. Keywords : Guava, planting media,local microorganism, growth
The Urban Transport Strategy on the Example of the City Bike System in the City of Lublin in Relation to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dudziak Agnieszka , Caban Jacek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The city bike system is now an increasingly popular form of communication. In practice, it has become a complement to the public transport system in large cities, and above all in the most crowded city centers. Importantly, the solution, which is a city bike, can contribute to the reduction of urban congestion, air pollution and to the reduction of noise levels. The paper discusses the issue of city bike system functioning in terms of meeting the transport needs in the area of the city of Lublin. The aim of the work is to describe the city bike system and to indicate the conditions for choosing this means of transport among the inhabitants of the Lublin region. A survey conducted among respondents in 2020 was used. The paper presents own research results and expectations of potential users of this system in the context of displacements, as well as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the system functioning in 2020, and the strategy for operating this industry.
Automatic Detection of Track Length Defects
Authors: Kanis Juaraj , Zitrický Vladislav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ensuring the safety of railway transport operation requires constant monitoring of the technical condition of individual elements of railway infrastructure. The necessary activities that contribute to maintaining good operational condition of the railway transport line also include the diagnostics of track length. Diagnostics of railway tracks is most often performed by means of regular visual inspection (in the conditions of the infrastructure manager – ŽSR). The objective of the article is to provide information on the application of a new approach to diagnostics of the technical condition of railway infrastructure. The new approach to defect identification on railway infrastructure uses non-invasive diagnostic methods based on the latest knowledge in the field of information and communication technologies. These facts resulted in investigating the possibilities of automatic detection of the technical condition of the track length using neural networks. The article is part of the following scientific research task: ‘Research into new knowledge and observational experience of a new generation of diagnostic systems in industrial production and transport industry – research into the physical nature of an automated track length video inspection system’, supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic.