bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto del sector privado en la sostenibilidad productiva
Authors: Reina José Oswaldo Franco , Albán Wagner Cristhian Cañizares 
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación académico busca reflexionar sobre el impacto del Sector Privado en la Sostenibilidad Productiva, el rol que debe tener y la importancia de la inversión privada. Así como los beneficios para el país al verla transformarse en un complemento con la inversión pública que realiza el estado y se convierte en un aliado y socio estratégico en el desarrollo del país, que apuntala y eleva la competitividad del país; contribuyendo con el Estado a mejorar el bienestar social por medio de la provisión de servicios educativos, de salud y la generación de empleos dignos y edificando una sinergia en busca de un ecosistema sustentable para el futuro de las nuevas generaciones. Con la premisa que la competitividad va de la mano con la sostenibilidad y es esencial para asegurar un crecimiento económico sostenido del país a largo plazo. A partir de la crisis producida por la pandemia, las amenazas geopolíticas, las crisis económicas internacionales, su carácter exógeno, las de carácter endógenos, la vulnerabilidad del sistema político-económico y social, recesión de las economías, la corrupción, ante este escenario, los gobiernos se han visto obligado a disminuir su gasto en inversión de infraestructura, salud, educación, entre otros, y se enfoca en promover y alentar una mayor participación de la empresa privada y de sus inversiones de capital. Esta complementación y trabajo conjunto en desarrollar un modelo económico, de desarrollo sostenible y a la vez social, que eleve el nivel de bienestar colectivo y fomente el crecimiento económico; levantando la productividad y disminuyendo los costos de producción; coadyuve a desarrollar la capacidad del Estado, para competir en la economía mundial; en este sentido, se gesta una sinergia entre la inversión pública y la privada.
Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds to the Extremities: Correlation of Red Cross Wound Score and Initial Response to Management
Authors: Adaiyi Obene Tonye , Victor  Abhulimen , Richard  Echem 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Gunshot wounds to the extremities are a major cause of death and disability. The Red Cross Wound Score (RCWS) is a simple classification system that is thought to fairly assess severity of injury, influence surgical management and a good predictor of outcome in gunshot wounds. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the Red Cross Wound Score RCWS and initial response to management.
Methodology: This was a prospective study recruiting all consenting patients who suffered gunshot wounds to any extremity and presented at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The study was conducted over a 12-month period between October 2018 and September 2019. Data on demographics, anatomical region of the body involved, type of gun time between injury and hospital presentation were obtained using a proforma. Analysis of extracted data was done by the aid of SPSS for Windows version 20.
Findings: A total of 106 wounds from 82 patients were analyzed; seventy males (85.4%) and 12 females. AK 47 rifles and locally fabricated pistols were the wounding weapons in 32.9% and the left leg (28.3%) was the most injured extremity. Fifty-two wounds (49%) were grade 3, 44 (41.5%) wounds grade 2 and 10 wounds (9.4%) grade 1. There was a positive association between RCWS grade 3 wounds and limb length discrepancy and joint stiffness. Vascular injuries were seen in 6 patients (0.07%). Wound infection (46.2%), joint stiffness (41.5%) and shortening (34%) were the common complications in the study. The study showed that young adult males suffered more gunshot wounds than females. Most of the wounds were RCWS grade 3 and there was a positive association between RCWS grade 3 wounds and limb length discrepancy and joint stiffness. Patients with longer mean presentation time had a higher infection rate.
Recommendations: The Red Cross wound classification should be adopted as a useful scoring system. Also, patients with gunshot injuries should present earlier to the hospital to reduce complications.
Ulinganishi wa Matatizo Ya Kijamii Yanayowakumba Majagina Katika Tendi Za Mikidadi Na Mayasa Na Kalevala
Authors: Mwangi Jackson Ndung’u , Nabea Prof. Wendo , Wandera Dkt. Sheila 
Published: October 2022

Uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Afrika umezua mjadala na mgogoro mkali mno katika jamii ya usomi. Hii ni kutokana na rai kuwa wasomi na watafiti wengi kutoka maeneo ya Kimagharibi walidai kuwa Afrika hakuna tendi ila kinachodaiwa kuitwa tendi ni masimulizi ya kisifo tu. Wahakiki wengine wamezifutilia mbali tendi hizi kwa kudai kuwa maudhui yake ni ya kichawi na sihiri. Pia, vigezo vya kuainisha tendi vilivyotumiwa na wanazuwa Kimagharibi vilikuwa vya kimaeneo na kimakusudi, walidhalilisha tendi za Kiafrika. Licha ya kuwa kuliibuka watafiti wa Kiafrika na kudai kuwa Afrika kuna tendi, wao pia walielekea kutumia vigezo ambavyo ni vya kimaeneo. Ili kujaribu kutatua mzozo na utata uliopo kuhusu uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Kiafrika, utafiti
huu ulinuia kuchunguza iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina baina ya tendi zamaeneo haya mawili. Madhumuni makuu yalikuwa kutathmini iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina
baina ya tendi za Kiafrika na zile za Kimagharibi licha ya tendi za Kiafrika kufutiliwa mbali na baadhi ya wasomi wa Kimagharibi. Mtafiti alinua kutafiti tendi mbili ambazo ni Utendi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa unaopatikana Afrika na Utendi wa Kalevala
unaopatikana Finland katika maeneo ya Kimagharibi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ruwaza ya Shujaa iliyoasisiwa Joseph Campbell (1987). Utafiti huu ni wa muundo wa kiudhamano na mahali pa utafiti palikuwa ni katika Maktaba. Inatarajiwa kuwa utafiti huu utakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa jamii ya wasomi hasa wanaoshughulikia fasihi linganishi na utajaribu kutatua ubishi
ulioko kuhusu tendi za maeneo mbalimbali.
Attitude Factors Affecting Students’ Use of Short Stories in the Learning of Kiswahili Grammar in Secondary Schools in Nandi NorthSub-County, Kenya
Authors: Lihanda Milton Kigaro , Githinji Damaris Gakii 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish learners' attitude towards the use of short stories in Kiswahiligrammar learning in Secondary Schools in the Nandi North Sub County. A descriptive survey design wasadopted for this study. The target study population was 2326 form four students. Simple and stratified random sampling was done to arrive at 10% of the target population. 240 (n=240) secondary school students participated as respondents from public secondary schools in Nandi North Sub-County. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods like frequencies, means and percentages were used to analyse the data. The research found out that students' attitude towards the use of short stories in learning Kiswahili grammar was positive though they argued that time allocated for Kiswahili lessons was short thus hampering
the use of the integrative method in the teaching and learning of Kiswahili grammar. Based on the findings, the study provides an insight into the use of short stories for effective Kiswahili grammar skill learning by Kiswahili grammar learners embracing the use of the integrated approach in daily classroom interaction as pointed out in the annual Kenya National Examination Reports over the past years.
Uchambuzi wa Maudhui katika Matangazo ya Ngono-Salama kwenye Ukurasa wa Shabiki wa Durex Facebook
Authors: Nkumbo Douglas , Simwa Sheila Wandera-P , Onyango , James Ogola , 
Published: October 2022

Usomi huu ulinuia kuchanganua matangazo ya ngono salama katika mtandao wa Facebook wa Durex. Utafiti
huu ulihusu mada ambazo ni mwiko katika jamii kwa kuangazia matangazo ya ngono salama. Madhumuni ya
utafiti ni kubainisha na kuchanganua maudhui ambayo yanasisitizwa katika matangazo ya Durex katika mtandaowa Fa
cebook, kudhihirisha uhalalishaji wa matangazo ya ngono salama ili kuwashawishi wateja wengi kununua
na kutumia bidhaa zao. Utafiti huu ulitumia Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi hasa kwa kuzingatia muundo
wa Fairclough wa 3D na muundo wa Kress Van Leuuwan wa Isimu ya picha.Muundo wa utafiti huu ni wa
kiuthamano na kimaelezo. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutazama na kusakura matangazo ya Durex katika mtandao wa
Durex. Sampuli ya data ilifanywa kimakusudi kisha ilihifadhiwa kieletroniki ili kuafikia malengo ya utafiti huu,ambapo matini za picha mia moja hamsini (150) zilichaguliwa na kuchanganuliwa. Matokeo ya Utafiti huu yanadhirisha kwamba maudhui yanayosisitizwa ni hisi za raha bila kuweka wazi ashiki za ngono, durex wanatumia mbinu ya uhalalishaji wa matangazo yao ili kushawishi wateja. Utafiti huu utawafaa wasomi wa isimujamii hasa katika mawasiliano ya afya. Pia usomii huu utasaidia kuziba pengo la changamoto ya kimawasiliano ya mada ambazo ni mwiko kwa wanaondaa matangazo ya ngono salama katika jamii ili
matangazo ya ngono salama yaandiliwe ambayo yanakukubalika na jamii nyingi. Hatimaye matokeo ya utafiti
yatasaidia wanaoandaa mitalaa ya elimu ili kuhusisha na kuhamasisha umma kuhusu elimu ya ngono salama kwa
kutumia mitandao ya kijamii.
Usawiri wa Ukombozi katika Diwani yaEuphrase Kezilahabiya Kichomi: Mtazamo wa Kidhanaishi
Authors: Poy Chibayi Jason , Simwa Dkt. Sheila Pamela Wandera 
Published: October 2022

Makala hii inakusudia kuonyesha namna ukombozi ulivyosawiriwa kama sehemu ya falsafa ya Euphrase Kezilahabi katika diwani
yake ya Kichomi.Euphrase Kezilahabi ni mwandishi nguli wa mashairi aliyeasi magwanda ya umapokeo. Mojawapo wa sifa bainishi ya falsafa ya Kezilahabi ni ukombozi, ambayo huifanya kuwa falsafa ya uhuru yenye tafsiri nyingi ambazo ndizo msingi wa makala hii. Tahakiki nyingi kuhusu diwani hii imeshughulikia falsafa ya maisha ya Kezilahabi pasipo kuangazia usawiri wa ukombozi kama sifa bainishi ya mhimili wa uhuru. Makala hii itafafanua usawiri wa ukombozi huu kwa kutumia nadharia ya Udhanaishi
iliyoasisiwa na Jean Paul Satre(1970). Sampuli ya makala hii iliteuliwa kimaksudi. Data ya kimsingi itakusanywa kwa njia ya kusoma mashairi katika diwani teule na makala mengine yanayohusiana nayo. Makala hii itachukua muundo wa kimaelezo na dataitakayokusanywa itafafanuliwa kwa njia ya maelezo kwa kuegemeza kwenye mhimili wa uhuru wa nadharia ya Udhanaishi. Uchanganuzi wa data wa makala hii utaongozwa na mbinu ya uhakiki matini. Kwa kuwa diwani za mashairi ya Kezilahabi zimekuwa taaluma ya mijadala mipana, makala hii itakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa mijadala hiyo. Itawasaidia wanataaluma ya ushairi kuelewa namna Kezilahabi anavyousawiri ukombozi wa binadamu kwenye mashairi ya diwani ya Kichomi.
Jinsi Vipengele vya Kitamaduni katika Matini Teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin Vilivyochangia Mtafsiri Kuiandika Upya Bukuit Ne Tilil
Authors: Singoe Jane Jepkoech , Mohamed Mwanakombo , Kandagor Mosol 
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuchunguza jinsi vipengele vya kitamaduni katika matini teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin vilivyochangia mtafsiri kuiandika upya Bukuit ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo
ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu,ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubai
ni kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri.Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet
na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: utamaduni wa Waswahili na wa Wakalenjin ni tofauti na hii ilipelekea uandishi upya ufanywe katika tafsiri. Utafiti unapendekeza yafuatayo: Sera za elimu kuhusu lugha za kienyeji zinafaa kutilia maanani tafsiri ya matini za kufundishia.
Mbinu za Lugha Zinazotumiwa katika Matangazo ya Biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom.
Authors: Maithya Jane Kanini , Wendo Prof. Nabea , Onyango Prof. James Ogola 
Published: October 2022

Matangazo ya biashara hunuiwa kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa za kampuni mbalimbali na kuwahimiza wanunue bidhaa hizo. Vahid na Esmae’li(2012) wanasema kuwa licha ya kutimiza lengo hilo,matangazo hayo vilevile hunuiwa kuchekesha, kupotosha au kuwadanganya wateja ili wavutiwe na bidhaa inayotangazwa. Hayo hutekelezwa kupitia kwa lugha inayotumiwa. Waundaji huteua mbinu za lugha zilizo na uwezo wa kuwafanya wateja watamani kununua bidhaa hata ikiwa hawazihitaji. Utafiti huu unachunguza mbinu za lugha zinazotumiwa katika matangazo ya biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom. Ni kampuni maarufu
ya mawasiliano nchini Kenya inayotoa huduma mbalimbali za mawasiliano kama vile uuzaji wa aina mbalimbali za rununu, huduma za intaneti, M-pesa, M-shwari na kadhalika.Kampuni hiyo hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa
ubunifu mwingi kwa nia ya kuvuta nadhari ya wateja wake. Ingawa kuna tafiti mbalimbali zimefanywa kuhusu Kampuni ya Safaricom, hakuna utafiti umechunguza na kuzieleza mbinu hizo kwa kina, pengo ambalo limezibwa na utafiti huu. Data katika makala haya ilipatikana kutoka kwa mtandao wa intaneti ambapo mtafiti alipakua matangazo ya Safaricom aina ya picha na video. Alizitumia kutoa mifano ya mbinu mbalimbali zinazotumiwa kwenye kwenye matangazo hayo. Utafiti ulibainisha kuwa waundaji wa matangazo ya Safaricom hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa ubunifu wa hali ya juu kwa
nia ya kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa na huduma zao na vilevile kuwavutia wazinunue.
Mikondo Mipya katika Utunzi wa Mashairi: Mifano Kutoka ‘Sokomoko’na ‘UshairiWenu’Katika Gazeti la Taifa Leo
Authors: Salyne Nyongesa , Simwa Sheila Wandera- , Nabea Wendo 
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu unachunguza mikondo mipya katika mashairi yanayochapishwa katika gazeti la Taifa Leo, kumbi ya Ushairi Wenu
na Sokomoko, katika kipindi cha Januari 1, 2018 hadi Agosti 31, 2019. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya kimtindo ya Leech na Short (2007) ili kuafikia lengo letu. Mihimili mitatu ya nadharia hii ilitumiwa ili kufanikisha lengo la mtafiti, nayo ni: Fasihi ni muundo wa
lugha na kwa hivyo lazima matumizi ya lugha yazingatiwe, uhakiki wa kifasihi haupaswi kupuuza matumizi ya vipengele vya isimu lugha ikiwemo. Data iliyotumiwa katika utafiti ilikusanywa maktabani na mitandaoni kupitia usomaji wa tasnifu, vitabu, majarida
na magazeti. Uteuzi sampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kuteua mashairi yaliyosheheni upya katika mikondo.Uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa data ulifanywa kupitia kwa maelezo.Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kwamba,mashairi ya ushairi wenu na sokomoko yanasheheni mikondo mipya ya utunzi ikiwemo: Matumizi ya Sheng’,usimulizi na kuwepo kwa mianzo ya kifomula. Mashairi yaliyotumika yalitolewa katika kumbi za Sokomoko na Ushairi Wenu ambazo ni kumbi zinazochapisha mashairi ya watunzi mbalimbali katika gazeti la Taifa Leo.Matokeo ya utafiti yalionesha namna mikondo mipya ya utunzi inaendelea kuibuliwa na watunzi wa mashairi kila uchao. Mashairi yaliyotumika hapa hata hivyo, ni yale ya kiarudhi pekee kwani ndiyo yachapishwayo katika gazeti la Taifa Leo.Makala haya yatakuwa ya manufaa kwa walimu wa Kiswahili, wanafunzi na watafiti wengine wanaotafitia suala la upya katika utunzi wa mashairi.
Tathmini Ya Kipengele Cha Taashira Za Wahusika Katika Tamthilia Ya Kimani Njogu: Mfano Wa Zilizala
Authors: Waithiru Antony Kago , Onyango Prof. James Ogola , Nabea Prof. Wendo 
Published: October 2022

Kazi hii inatathmini kipengele cha taashira za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Kimani Njogu.Katika baadhi ya
kazi za kifasihi, aghalabu taashira hutumika kama mbinu ya kusana mambo yanayoathiri kitovu cha jamii au
yanayoashiria viongozi wa kiimla, wafisadi, wakabila na wenye ubinafsi, na hata uongozi kwa jumla. Kazi hii ni zao la utafiti ulionuia kuchunguza vipengele vya taashira katika tamthilia ya Zilizala. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili; nadharia ya baada ya ukoloni na nadharia ya umitindo. Katika tamthilia ya Zilizala ya Kimani Njogu, inadhihirika kuwa mwandishi ametumia wahusika kitaashira ili kuwasilisha fasili tofauti tofauti za dhana moja. Waandishi wa tamthilia za baada ya 2000 wametumia mbinu ya taashira kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe unaohusu uongozi, maadili, siasa na uchumi bila kutaja majina ya wahusika halisi au hata mataifa halisi. Mbinu hii imetumiwa kuwadhihirishia wanajamii mbinu zinazotumiwa na watawala halisi kutawala watawaliwa kupitia vikaragosi vyao, ambavyo ndivyo huchaguliwa na watawaliwa. Aidha,mbinu hii imetumiwa kuashiria jinsi viongozi wengi wanavyothibitiwa na wakoloni kutawala mataifa fukara ya Kiafrika. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa.
Mafumbo ya mwanamke katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka
Authors: Sheila Pamela Wandera- Simwa  
Published: October 2022

Ikisiri
Azma kuu ya makala hii ni kuchanganua mafumbo ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa kipindi hicho. Kwa kutumia mashairi teule ya Muyaka, sura ya mwanamke huyo inabainishwa. Mwandishi anaongozwa na nadharia ya uhalisia hasa mhimili wa lugha unaosisitiza kuwa lugha sharti iambatane na wakati wake ili iweze kueleweka na wasemaji wake kimuktadha na kimatumizi. Mbali na kudurusu makala muhimu maktabani, mtafiti kwa kuelekezwa, alikwenda nyanjani kuwahoji Waswahili kuhusu utamaduni wao, hususan ule wa karne ya kumi na tisa. Katika makala hii, imedhihirika wazi kwamba, picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili inayochorwa katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka ina misingi yake katika utamaduni wa Waswahili wa karne hiyo. Makala hii itasaidia katika kuelewesha picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa kama alivyosawiriwa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa karne hiyo.

Maneno muhimu: Mafumbo, uhalisia, utamaduni, shairi.

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyse puzzles depicting the Swahili woman of the 19th century as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of that era. Using Muyaka’s selected poems and employing the realism theory, this research identified several puzzles through the terminologies used, that contextualiSed and depicted the Swahili Woman of the 19th Century. The researcher used both library and field research. It is clear that the image of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the puzzles of the selected poems of Muyaka emanates from the Swahili culture of the 19th Century. This paper gives a clear understanding of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of the 19th Century.

Key terms: Puzzles, Realism, Culture, Poem.
S. Satoh and Jokamachi-toshi Study Group (2002) Jokamachi-toshi (Japanese castle towns) T.A. Thornton
Authors: Thornton Takeshi Arthur 
Published: October 2022

Review of book [S. Satoh and Jokamachi-toshi Study Group (2002) Jokamachi-toshi (Japanese castle towns) T.A. Thornton]
A.E. Mosher (2004) Capital’s Utopia: Vandergrift, Pennsylvania C. Parrott
Authors: Parrott Charles 
Published: October 2022

Review of the book [A.E. Mosher (2004) Capital’s Utopia: Vandergrift, Pennsylvania C. ParrottA.E. Mosher (2004) Capital’s Utopia: Vandergrift, Pennsylvania C. Parrott]
Pemanfaatan Batu Sungai Karawa Kabupaten Pinrang Sebagai Agregat Campuran Laston Lapis Antara
Authors: Buli Egipto , Alpius  , Radjawane Louise Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Penggunaan bahan lokal untuk material penyusun jalan perlu belum dioptimalkan, terutama di sekitar wilayah Karawa, sehingga saat ini material penyusun jalan masih menggunakan material dari daerah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik batu Sungai Karawa, karakteristik aspal, berat jenis filler dan untuk mendapatkan komposisi campuran, serta karakteristik campuran melalui uji marshall konvensional dan uji marshall immersion digunakan untuk mengetahui stabilitas sisa marshall menggunakan kadar aspal optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karateristik material perkerasan berupa batu sungai dari Sungai Karawa di Kabupaten Pinrang sebagai agregat campuran lapis antara memenuhi persyaratan untuk material lapisan perkerasan jalan. Karakteristik campuran lapisan antara dengan kadar aspal 5,0%, 5,5 %, 6,0 %, 6,5 %, dan 7,0 % ditentukan dengan menggunakan uji marshall. Stabilitas marshall yang tersisa sebesar 97,47 % memenuhi standar Bina Marga tahun 2018, yaitu minimal 90 %, melalui hasil uji marshall immersion untuk lapisan antara campuran aspal dengan kadar aspal optimum 6,0 %.
Designing the model of men's violence against women based on religious orientation and mental health, considering the mediating role of gendered educational style and cognitive emotion regulation styles
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Taqvaei Dawood , Pirani Zabih 
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives: Family is a center for affection and an environment for friendship and kindness among family members. However, the occurrence of violence in the family by one of the members towards others disrupts this function. This study investigated the relationship between religious orientation, cognitive styles of emotion regulation, gendered educational style and men's mental health is affected by violence against women. Materials and methods: The statistical population included the married men who referred to medical centers in Qazvin city; among whom, 300 people were selected through convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Alport's Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, Keys' Mental Health Questionnaire, Mohseni Tabrizi's Domestic Violence Questionnaire, and Garnevsky's cognitive regulation of emotion. For descriptive analysis of data, central tendency and dispersion were used. The obtained data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential statistics parts, using SPSS20 and Lisrel 8.80 software. The structural equations technique was used to implement the conceptual model of the research and hypothesis testing. Ethical considerations: Because the questions related to marital relations are private, it was attempted to use Iranian-Islamic questionnaires. Findings: Religious orientation, mental health, gendered educational style, and men’s cognitive emotion regulation styles have a positive relationship with violence against women.
Cost analysis - the desirability of natural delivery and caesarean section with decision tree model
Authors: Mirparsa Fatemeh , Mirzaei Abasat , Alimohammadzadeh Khalil 
Published: October 2022

Objective: This article deals with the cost-benefit analysis of natural childbirth and caesarean section with decision tree model.
Methods: This is a practical study in which 644 cases of natural and cesarean births (including 317 natural births and 327 cesarean births) were extracted and included in the relevant list. Then mothers who had been at least 3 months after giving birth were included in the study. The data was collected using the researcher's checklist and EQ-5D-3L structured questionnaire by the researcher. SPSS 26 and R Core Team (2021) software were used to perform the analysis. Results: Natural childbirth was more prevalent for pregnant women compared to cesarean delivery. which had a lower cost (26980930.90±16603206.35 Rials vs. 48883938.59 ± 6126709.15 Rials) and better utility (86.91± 4.353vs. 64.16±7.348) for all evaluated outcomes. Conclusions: It is necessary to control and manage cesarean section in cases without clinical indication. Also, other low-cost and easy-to-access strategies should be carried out for the awareness of mothers and cultural and legal foundation in the field of promoting natural childbirth.