bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart disease among Greenlandic children and young adults: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Tindborg Marie , Koch Anders , Andersson Mikael , Juul Klaus , Geisler Uka Wilhjelm , Soborg Bolette , Michelsen Sascha Wilk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The incidences of heart disease (HD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) among Inuit in Greenland (GL) and Denmark (DK) are unknown. This study aims to estimate incidence rates (IRs) of HD and CHD among the young Inuit populations in Greenland and Denmark compared with rates among young non-Inuit populations in the same countries.

Methods
A register-based nationwide cohort including all individuals living in Greenland and Denmark from birth to age &lt;40 years through 1989–2014 was formed. Ethnicity was considered Inuit/mixed if at least one parent was registered as being born in Greenland. Information on HD and CHD hospitalization was obtained from national inpatient registers using ICD-8 and ICD-10 codes.

Results
HD IR was lower among individuals living in Greenland compared with those living in Denmark, [73.35GL (95% confidence interval (CI) 68.07 to 79.03)] vs [88.07DK (95% CI 87.38 to 88.76)], whereas CHD IRs were almost similar in the two countries [IR 34.44GL (95% CI 30.89 to 38.40) vs IR 34.67DK (95% CI 34.24 to 35.10)]. Being of Inuit/mixed ethnicity was associated with an increased risk of both HD and CHD compared with non-Inuit in Greenland and Denmark [adjusted hazard ratio HD 2.07GL (95% CI 1.25 to 3.42)] and CHD [2.92GL (95% CI 1.34 to 6.38)].

Conclusion
HD IR was lower in individuals living in Greenland compared with individuals living in Denmark, whereas the CHD IRs were almost the same for both countries. However, the risk of HD including CHD was higher among individuals of Inuit/mixed ethnicity compared with non-Inuit in both countries, suggesting a role of ethnicity among children and younger adults.
Pharmaceutical services in public hospitals in Mexico: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vargas López Laura C , Wirtz Veronika J , Reich Michael R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
To describe the provision of pharmaceutical services within Ministry of Health hospitals in Mexico and identify the main factors that affect their implementation.

Methods
Between November 2018 and April 2019, we conducted telephone interviews with the heads of pharmacy departments of 413 state and federal Ministry of Health hospitals in Mexico. Responses were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics to determine the main factors influencing the implementation of pharmaceutical services within these public hospitals.

Key findings
Of the 413 hospitals, a total of 96 hospitals in 27 states reported the provision of at least one pharmaceutical service. The most frequently reported services were: patient education on the correct use of medications (23%), provision of information to other health professionals on the rational use of medications (21%), and participation in the hospital´s pharmacovigilance system (19%). The main factors associated with the implementation of HPS were the number of pharmacists (46%, n = 215, p=0.001) and the pharmaceutical- or health sciences-oriented education of the head of the pharmacy department of the hospital (46%, n = 215, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Hiring more pharmacists and ensuring the appropriate professional education of the head of the pharmacy department are key factors to expanding the implementation of pharmaceutical services in Mexico’s public hospitals.
The Enduring Role of Sector: Citizen Preferences in Mixed Markets
Authors: Witesman Eva M , Silvia Chris , Child Curtis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhat role does sector play in citizens’ perceptions of products or services in mixed-market settings where governments compete with for-profit and nonprofit vendors or when governments partner or contract with private-sector providers? Do the public and nonprofit sectors have an advantage over for-profit providers? Using choice-based conjoint analysis with a nationally representative paid consumer panel, we examine the relevance of sector to consumers and compare it other signals of quality; namely, price, third-party certifications, and consumer ratings. Of these, subjects are most sensitive to information from consumer ratings. Regarding sector, we find that subjects generally prefer nonprofit to government providers and government to for-profit providers. Sector is most relevant to consumers in low-information environments when the quality of a product or service is otherwise unclear. We extend theory by proposing four possible mechanisms for the differential value of sector to consumers (process quality, product quality, expertise quality, and moral quality).
Picky Eating in Childhood: Associations With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Authors: Schwarzlose Rebecca F , Hennefield Laura , Hoyniak Caroline P , Luby Joan L , Gilbert Kirsten E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
To test whether childhood picky eating (PE)—a behavior previously linked to many forms of psychopathology—is specifically associated with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods
We investigated the relationship between PE and symptoms of several forms of psychopathology in two separate observational samples: a sample of 110 children (5 and 6 years old) and a sample of 210 children (8 and 9 years old) drawn from a longitudinal study. In each sample, regression models based on psychiatric symptoms or diagnoses were used to assess the specificity of PE associations while accounting for cooccurring symptoms or comorbidities.

Results
Although bivariate associations emerged between PE and multiple forms of psychopathology, multivariate analyses revealed these associations were driven by a strong and specific association between PE and symptoms of OCD in both samples. Moreover, PE among 8- and 9-year-olds in the longitudinal study predicted emergence of additional later psychopathology, specifically attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that PE, an easily identifiable clinical presentation, is also a specific marker for obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in school-age children and may impart risk for ADHD later in childhood.
Exploring Adjustment and Parent–Infant Relations in Mothers of Premature Infants: Thematic Analysis Using a Multisensory Approach
Authors: Suarez Catalina , Adair Pauline , Doherty Nicola , McCormack David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore mothers’ experiences of having an infant born prematurely (28–32 weeks gestation). In particular, the study aimed to explore the developing parent–infant relationship 12–30 months since birth and the developing parental identity during hospitalization and discharge.

Methods
Twelve mothers, aged between 22 and 43, participated in the semi-structured interviews. The mean age of infants was 19 months. Interviews comprised open-ended questions and visual stimuli consisting of photographs brought by participants, word selection, and card sorting techniques. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2013).

Results
Three themes arose from a clustering of 10 subthemes: (a) Emotional Impact, (b) Searching for Parent Identity, and (c) Moving Beyond Adversity. Participants expressed experiencing heightened emotional distress during the time of their infants’ birth and hospitalization and initially not feeling like parents. Their parental identity strengthened as they became more involved in the care of their infant and began to accept the situation. Participants described parenting their premature infants differently compared with parents of full-term infants, and described adjusting to this difference over time.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the emotional experience and adjustment of mothers of premature infants, from hospital and postdischarge. The need for psycho-educational interventions postdischarge and parent-partnered models during hospitalization is discussed. In addition, the study demonstrates the use of integrating visual stimuli in qualitative data collection procedures, to elicit further meaning and interaction from participants with the interview process.
Can we improve the chilling tolerance of maize photosynthesis through breeding?
Authors: Burnett Angela C , Kromdijk Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chilling tolerance is necessary for crops to thrive in temperate regions where cold snaps and lower baseline temperatures place limits on life processes; this is particularly true for crops of tropical origin such as maize. Photosynthesis is often adversely affected by chilling stress, yet the maintenance of photosynthesis is essential for healthy growth and development, and most crucially for yield. In this review, we describe the physiological basis for enhancing chilling tolerance of photosynthesis in maize by examining nine key responses to chilling stress. We synthesize current knowledge of genetic variation for photosynthetic chilling tolerance in maize with respect to each of these traits and summarize the extent to which genetic mapping and candidate genes have been used to understand the genomic regions underpinning chilling tolerance. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future of breeding for photosynthetic chilling tolerance in maize. We advocate for holistic and high-throughput approaches to screen for chilling tolerance of photosynthesis in research and breeding programmes in order to develop resilient crops for the future.
Comparison of Musculoskeletal Injury and Behavioral Health Diagnoses Among U.S. Army Active Duty Servicewomen in Ground Combat and Non-Ground Combat Military Occupational Specialties
Authors: Phillips Kimberley J , Banaag Amanda , Lynch LeeAnne C , Wu Hongyan , Janvrin Miranda , Koehlmoos Tracey Perez 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The U.S. Army’s Soldier 2020 program, which started in January 2016, was designed to achieve full integration of women in all military occupational specialties. This study was undertaken to determine differences in risk of musculoskeletal injury and behavioral health (BH) disorders among U.S. Army Active Duty Servicewomen (ADSW) in ground combat military occupational specialties (MOS) versus those in non-ground combat MOS since the start of the program until January 2019.

Materials and Methods
Using healthcare claims data from the Military Health System’s Data Repository we conducted a cross-sectional study on ADSW from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2019 and categorized them as either ground combat specialists (GCSs) or non-ground combat specialists (NGCSs). We identified all female soldiers in our cohort with a musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) and/or BH diagnosis during the study period. A multivariable logistic regression, adjusted by pregnancy or delivery status, was used to assess risk factors associated with GCS and included soldier age, race, body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, alcohol/substance use, and MSKI and BH status as predictor variables.

Results
A total of 92,443 U.S. Army ADSW were identified, of whom 3,234 (3.5%) were GCS (infantry, field artillery, cavalry/armor, and air defense) and 89,209 (96.5%) were in non-ground combat billets. A large difference was observed when comparing the age of the population by occupation; GCS women were predominantly between the ages of 18-23 years (71.9%), compared to NGCS women aged 18-23 (41.0%). Top MSKI and BH diagnoses for both occupations were joint pain (44.9% GCS, 50.2% NGCS) and adjustment disorders (26.2% GCS, 28.0% NGCS). GCS women had lower odds for musculoskeletal injury (0.86 AOR, 0.79-0.93 CI, P = 0.0002), obesity per BMI classification (0.82 AOR, 0.70-0.97 CI, P = 0.0214), and BH disorders (0.87 AOR, 0.80-0.95 CI, P = 0.0019); and higher odds for tobacco use (1.44 AOR, 1.27-1.63 CI, P &lt; 0.0001), substance use (1.36 AOR, 1.04-1.79 CI, P = 0.0257), and alcohol use (1.18 AOR, 1.02-1.38 CI, P = 0.0308) when compared to NGCS women.

Conclusions
With the increasing focus on soldier medical readiness in today’s U.S. Army, the health of all soldiers is of paramount concern to command groups, unit leaders, and individual soldiers. The integration of women into ground combat military occupational specialties is a relatively new program; further longitudinal research of these groups should follow, focusing on their progression and improvement in soldier readiness, overall health, and the well-being of all servicewomen.
Detailed analysis on the reflection component for the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630
Authors: Jia Nan , Zhao Xueshan , Gou Lijun , García Javier A , Liao Zhenxuan , Feng Ye , Li Yufeng , Wang Yuan , Li Huixian , Wu Jianfeng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630 was discovered in 2019 January 26, with the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) on-board MAXI. We report a detailed spectral analysis of this source by using the archived data of NuSTAR. A total of nine observations covered the complete outburst evolution of MAXI J1348-630 from the hard state to the soft state and finally back to the hard state. Additionally, the intermediate state is found in the transition from the hard state to the soft state. We use the state-of-the-art reflection model relxill family to fit all the nine spectra, and the spectra from two focal plane module detectors of NuSTAR are jointly fitted for each observation. In particular, we concentrate on the results of the black hole spin parameter and the inclination of the accretion disc. Based on the analysis of the inner radius of the accretion disc, we obtain the spin parameter $a_* =0.78_{-0.04}^{+0.04}$, and the inclination angle of the inner disc $i = 29.2_{-0.5}^{+0.3}$°. Furthermore, we also find that when the black hole is in the hard state, the accretion disc would show a significant truncation. The high iron abundance and ionization of the accretion disc obtained in the fitting results can be possibly explained by the high density of the accretion disc.
Exploring the connection between ultraviolet/optical variations and radio emission in radio-quiet quasars: clues about the origin of radio emission
Authors: Liao Mai , Wang Junxian , Kang Wenyong , Zhou Minhua 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Radio emission in radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) has long been a mystery and its physical origin remains unclear. In previous work, we have found that quasars that are more variable in ultraviolet (UV)/optical have stronger X-ray emission, indicating a link between disc turbulence and X-ray corona heating. In this work, for the first time, we investigate the relation between UV/optical variability and the radio emission in RQQs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey. We median stack the FIRST images and detect clear signals from RQQs in the co-added images of individually radio non-detected sources. Controlling the effects of other parameters, including redshift, black hole mass, bolometric luminosity and Eddington ratio, we find more variable RQQs, which are known to be relatively brighter in X-ray, and show tentatively weaker radio emission, contrary to the linear X-ray/radio correlation if the radio emission is from, or driven by, the corona. This discovery also suggests that if the radio emission in RQQs is driven by AGN activity (such as a weak jet), the underlying driving process is independent of the disc turbulence, which drives UV/optical variability and probably also corona heating. Alternatively, the radio emission could be a result of star formation in the host galaxies.
A broad-band X-ray study of the asynchronous polar CD Ind
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Rana Vikram 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe present a simultaneous broad-band analysis of X-ray data obtained with the XMM–Newton and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) for the asynchronous polar source, CD Ind. The spin-folded light curve in the soft 0.3–3.0 keV band shows a single broad hump-like structure superimposed with occasional narrow dips, indicating a single-pole accretion model with a complex intrinsic absorber. Lack of strong modulation in the folded light curve above 3 keV reveals that emission from the corresponding zone of the post-shock region (PSR) remains in view throughout the spin phase. The broad-band spectrum is modelled with a three-component absorbed plasma emission model and absorbed isobaric cooling flow model, both of which fit the data well with similar statistical significance. The presence of a partial covering absorber is evident in the spectra with equivalent column density ${\sim}7\times 10^{22}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$ and a covering fraction of ~25 per cent. Strong ionized oxygen Kα line emission is detected in the spectra. We notice spectral variability during the spin phase 0.75–1.05, when there is a considerable increase in the column density of the overall absorber (from ${\sim}1 \times 10^{20}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$ to ${\sim}9 \times 10^{20}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$). We required at least three plasma temperatures to describe the multitemperature nature of the PSR. The shock temperature ${\sim}43.3_{-3.4}^{+3.8}$ keV, represented by the upper temperature of the cooling flow model, implies a white dwarf mass of ${\sim}0.87^{+0.04}_{-0.03}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The iron Kα line complex show strong He-like and weak neutral fluorescence lines. We could not unambiguously detect the presence of Compton reflection in the spectra, which is probably very small and signifies a tall shock height.
The impact and mitigation of broad-absorption-line quasars in Lyman α forest correlations
Authors: Ennesser Lauren , Martini Paul , Font-Ribera Andreu , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Correlations in and with the flux transmission of the Lyman α (Ly α) forest in the spectra of high-redshift quasars are powerful cosmological tools, yet these measurements can be compromised if the intrinsic quasar continuum is significantly uncertain. One particularly problematic case is broad-absorption-line (BAL) quasars, which exhibit blueshifted absorption associated with many spectral features that are consistent with outflows of up to ∼0.1c. As these absorption features can both fall in the forest region and be difficult to distinguish from Ly α absorption, cosmological analyses eliminate the ∼12–16 per cent of quasars that exhibit BALs. In this paper, we explore an alternate approach that includes BALs in the Ly α autocorrelation function, with the exception of the expected locations of the BAL absorption troughs. This procedure returns over 95 per cent of the path-length that is lost by the exclusion of BALs, as well as increasing the density of sightlines. We show that including BAL quasars reduces the fractional uncertainty in the covariance matrix and correlation function by 12 per cent and does not significantly change the shape of the correlation function relative to analyses that exclude BAL quasars. We also evaluate different definitions of BALs, masking strategies, and potential differences in the quasar continuum in the forest region for BALs with different amounts of absorption.
The photo-astrometric vertical tracer density of the Milky Way – II. Results from Gaia
Authors: Everall Andrew , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Boubert Douglas , Grand Robert J J 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We use Gaia photometry and astrometry to estimate the vertical spatial structure of the Milky Way at the Solar radius, formally accounting for sample incompleteness (the selection function) and parallax measurement uncertainty. Our results show impressive precision demonstrating the power of the Gaia data. However, systematic errors dominate the parameter value uncertainties. We thoroughly test and quantify the impacts of all systematic uncertainties. The vertical tracer density is modelled as a sum of two exponential profiles for the thin and thick discs, together with a spherically symmetric power law for the stellar halo. We constrain the thin disc scale height as ${h_\mathrm{Tn}=260 \pm 3\, (\mathrm{stat}) \pm 26\, \mathrm{pc}\, (\mathrm{sys})}$ and thick disc ${h_\mathrm{Tk}=693 \pm 7 \, (\mathrm{stat}) \pm 121\, \mathrm{pc}\, (\mathrm{sys})}$. For the halo, we obtain a power-law profile with $n_\mathrm{H}=3.543\pm 0.023 \, (\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.259\, (\mathrm{sys})$. We infer a local stellar mass density for non-compact object stars of ${\rho _\mathrm{local}^{*} = 3.66\pm 0.03\, (\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.52 \times 10^{-2}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-3}\, (\mathrm{sys})}$ and surface density of ${\Sigma _\mathrm{local}^{*} = 23.17\pm 0.08\, (\mathrm{stat})\pm 2.43\, \mathrm{M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}\, (\mathrm{sys})}$. We find asymmetries above and below the disc with longer disc scale heights in the north but a flatter halo in the south at the ≲ 10 per cent level.
Enhancement of double-close-binary quadruples
Authors: Fezenko Gavin B , Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Zakamska Nadia L 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Double-close-binary quadruples (2 + 2 systems) are hierarchical systems of four stars where two short-period binary systems move around their common centre of mass on a wider orbit. Using Gaia Early Data Release 3, we search for comoving pairs where both components are eclipsing binaries. We present eight 2 + 2 quadruple systems with inner orbital periods of &lt;0.4 d and with outer separations of ≳1000 au. All of these systems but one are newly discovered by this work, and we catalogue their orbital information measured from their light curves. We find that the occurrence rate of 2 + 2 quadruples is 7.3 ± 2.6 times higher than what is expected from random pairings of field stars. At most a factor of ∼2 enhancement may be explained by the age and metallicity dependence of the eclipsing binary fraction in the field stellar population. The remaining factor of ∼3 represents a genuine enhancement of the production of short-period binaries in wide-separation (&gt;103 au) pairs, suggesting a close-binary formation channel that may be enhanced by the presence of wide companions.
Pulsar observations at low frequencies: applications to pulsar timing and solar wind models
Authors: Kumar P , White S M , Stovall K , Dowell J , Taylor G B 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Efforts are underway to use high-precision timing of pulsars in order to detect low-frequency gravitational waves. A limit to this technique is the timing noise generated by dispersion in the plasma along the line of sight to the pulsar, including the solar wind. The effects due to the solar wind vary with time, influenced by the change in solar activity on different time-scales, ranging up to ∼11 yr for a solar cycle. The solar wind contribution depends strongly on the angle between the pulsar line of sight and the solar disc, and is a dominant effect at small separations. Although solar wind models to mitigate these effects do exist, they do not account for all the effects of the solar wind and its temporal changes. Since low-frequency pulsar observations are most sensitive to these dispersive delays, they are most suited to test the efficacy of these models and identify alternative approaches. Here, we investigate the efficacy of some solar wind models commonly used in pulsar timing using long-term, high-cadence data on six pulsars taken with the Long Wavelength Array, and compare them with an operational solar wind model. Our results show that stationary models of the solar wind correction are insufficient to achieve the timing noise desired by pulsar timing experiments, and we need to use non-stationary models, which are informed by other solar wind observations, to obtain accurate timing residuals.