bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Carteret County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 24, near Beaufort, NC. Single row plots 25-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Pretreatment counts of Colorado potato beetle were made by examining 3 plants/plot and recording the number of adults, larvae and egg masses. Treatments aimed at the adult populations were applied on Apr 18 followed on Apr 19 by post treatment counts. Two egg masses/plant were also taken to check for ovicidal and residual activity. Plots were sprayed by grower on Apr 27 (Sevin) and Apr 30 (Lannate). Due to poor timing of applications (as indicated by counts on May 2), treatments were again applied on May 9 followed by post treatment counts on May 11. All treatments were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi and equipped with a hollow cone nozzle. Yields were not taken.
Cabbage Insect Control 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted on Apr 16, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 48-inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Seven ft alleys separated blocks. Six applications were made on May 22, 29, Jun 5, 12, 19 and 26. Applications were made using a 2.5 gal, CO2 pressurized, backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi at a rate equivalent to 100 gal of water per acre. Ortho X-77 surfactant was added to all treatments. Imported cabbageworm pressure was moderate until Jun 8 when damage ratings were made. Cabbage looper pressure was moderate-heavy for the remainder of the test. Damage ratings for cabbage loopers were made on Jul 8.
Whorl Applications to Control European Corn Borer in Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Aztec’ sweet corn was planted May 13 to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25-ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 nozzle centered over each of the middle 2 rows calibrated to deliver 43 gal/acre at 200 psi Treatments were applied on Jun 17 and 24. Plots were harvested on Jul 22 and 20 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot were examined for corn borer damage as (1) none (clean); (2) up to 1.5-inch tip damage; and (3) more than 1.5-inch tip damage or with side damage. Twenty stalks in each plot were split from tassel to soil surface and each 2.5 cm of stalk damage was recorded as 1 cavity.
Simulated Commercial Insecticidal Trials for Control of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Harper J. D. , Herbert D. A. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn tests were conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, AL on both early- and mid-season plantings of Buttersweet corn. Early-season test plots were 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 50 ft, and mid-season plots were 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 25 ft. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with a John Blue S 6000 high clearance sprayer operating at 45 psi , delivering 75 gpa through 3 TX26 hollow cone nozzles per row, 1 over-the-top, and 2 on drops at the level of, and directed towards the ears. The early-season test received 9 applications on alternate days beginning at initial silking , Jun 25, through Jul 12. Applications on the mid-season test were initiated on Jul 23 and were made either daily or on alternate days, through Aug 10 (10 or 19 applications). Treatment efficacy was determined through damage ratings and larval counts on 100 ears per plot in the early-season test , and 50 ears per plot in the mid-season test. Ears were shucked, examined for larvae, and rated by the following 1-6 scale: 1 = clean; 2 = slight silk or tip damage; 3 = tip damage of &lt;1.5 inch; 4 = tip damage of &gt;1.5 inch; 5 = side damage; 6 = tip and side damage. Mean damage and larval counts were analyzed using the AN0VA test and compared using Duncan’s multiple range test.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted on Apr 16 and Apr 29, respectively, in single-row plots 10 ft long on 24-inch centers with 7-ft alleys between replications at Mcgee’s Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Initial treatments were based on black light trap counts in excess of 5 moths per trap per night and direct field observations of eggs on silking corn. Initial treatment was Jul 1 with 3 subsequent treatments Jul 8 and 14. All applications were directed to the ear zone at the rate equivalent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested and divided into damage classes.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1982.
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Baird Craig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted May 20 in Delco silt loam soil. The experiment consisted of 18 treatments with 4 replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (12 ft) wide and 36 ft long. Treatments were applied Jul 20, using a CO2pressurized Aztec sprayer at 40 psi to apply 20 gal H?0/acre. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Pre- and post treatment counts were taken by recording the nital number of beetles in 36 ft of row.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft long on May 10. A John Deere Model 71 planter equipped with a vegetable hopper with a fluted no-till coulter was used for the planting. Seeding was made in overwintered rye which had been killed with Paraquat (1.0 pt) on Apr 30 and Devrinol (3.0 lb) on Apr 10. Round-Up (1.5 pt) was applied on Apr 15. Each plot was buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 10, 18, 30 and Aug 5. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on Aug 25.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Tomato Fruitworm on No-Till Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft in length, on Jun 14. A John Deere Model 71 planter equipped with a vegetable hopper with a fluted no-till coulter was used for the planting. Seeding was made in overwintered rye which had been killed with Paraquat (1.0 pt) on Jun 5 and Devrinol (3.0 lb) on Jun 15. Round-Up (1.5 pt) was applied on Apr 15. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Aug 15; Sep 2, 8, 15 and 30; and Oct 6. On Oct 18 the plots were harvested and 100 fruit/treatment/replication were examined for injury. Yields were taken on Oct 18.
Winter Treatments for Control of Adult Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil on Alfalfa, 1981-1982
Authors: Beevers Michael H. , Carmeen Ingrid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at California State University at Fresno on a 2-year-old stand of alfalfa. Treatments were 15 ft x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO, back pack boom with two 8003 flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 18.11 gpa at 20 psi at the first and second applications and 29.3 gpa at 50 psi the third application. All treatments were applied on Dec 6. Two additional treatments of Penncap-M were applied on Jan 3 and Jan 22. Pre-counts made in the plots with a D-vac sampling device revealed Egyptian alfalfa weevils in less than 2% of the samples. However, D-vac samples taken over the entire field that contained this trial indicated 0.4 weevil adults per square foot. The first post-treatment counts were made from 3 sq ft per plot with a D-vac sampler and the second post-treatment counts were made with a standard 15 in sweep net using three 180° sweeps per plot. Plants were approximately 8 in at first treatment and 19 in at the end of this study.
Alfalfa, Late Season Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted near Alton, MO on a mixed pasture stand ca 12 in tall. Insecticide sprays were applied on Aug 10 to 60 x 60 ft plots with 3 replications. Grasshoppers were late stage nymphs and adult meadow grasshoppers (85%) and redlegged grasshoppers (15%). Sprays were applied at 20 gpa and 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles on a 20 ft spray boom. Evaluations were obtained at 48 h post treatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15 in sweep net. The temperature was 80°F. The data were transformed by x+0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa Study, Block I, 1982
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2-year stand of ‘Saranac AR’ at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 x 60 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 10 in tall at treatment and 25 in tall at the completion of the study. Cygon was the standard.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1982
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. All insecticide sprays for the potato leafhopper and alfalfa blotch leafminer were applied to 30 x 30 ft plots on Jun 22, except for 1 treatment of methoxychlor which was applied as a stubble treatment to approximately 4 in alfalfa on Jun 18. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in each of the 4 replications. Alfalfa was 6 to 8 in tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30.7 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a Gravely-mounted sprayer equipped with a 10-ft boom and 80LF3 nozzles. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from ten 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in diameter sweep net. Leafhopper density was evaluated 1 and 3 days after application and then weekly during 28 days post treatment. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaflets in 10 stems collected randomly across each plot. Leafminer density was determined once mines began to appear on approximately Jun 30 and weekly thereafter. Alfalfa yield was determined from an 81 ft2 sample taken from each plot. Harvest occurred 2 days after the last insect samples were collected.
Insecticide Effects on Potato Leafhopper and Nabids, 1982
Authors: Luna John M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to the second cutting of alfalfa planted in the spring near Blacksburg, VA, using a CO2-powered boom sprayer with 19 gal water/acre 18 lb psi. Treatments were replicated 5 times in 50 ft x 50 ft plots in a randomizer block design. Insect samples consisted of 10 pendular sweeps per plot using a 15 in net. Insect counts were transformed to square root of (X + .05) prior to analysis of variance. Treatments were applied Jul 14 when 2nd growth alfalfa was 6 in tall, the mean nymphal leafhopper density estimate was 0.9 per sweep, and the pretreatment adult leafhopper density estimate was 3.4 per sweep. No yield or forage quality samples were taken because of high intraplot variability in plant growth.
Control of Heliothis SPP. in Cotton with Insect Growth Regulators and Microbials, 1982
Authors: Conleyft J.M. , Luttrell R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insect growth regulators (IGR’s) and microbial agents in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted on May 20. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was 4 rows (3.6 m) x 27.4 m with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied by: (1) boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.5 gal/acre at 16.6 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row, or (2) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row, delivering 1.4 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on Jul 30, Aug 5, 12, 18 and 27. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression on Aug 11, 21, 27 and 31 with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.07 m row length. Yield data were taken on 27 Oct by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer. Spray dates were as follows: Apr 29 (Tranide treatment); Jun 8 (all treatments except Tranide); Jun 18 (all treatments except Tranide); and Jul 23 (all treatments except Tranide). General purpose sprays of Captan 50W, Guthion 5QW and Sevin 50W were applied at intervals of ca. 2 weeks throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 66 F, June 67 F, Jul 78° F, and Aug 74 F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 2.45, Jun 6.65, Jul 3.00, and Aug 1.80. Effectiveness of test materials on European red mite was evaluated by several counts of mites on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russeting of Golden Delicious apples was determined by scoring a random sample of 30 apples/replicate, 60 apples/treatment. Fruits were rated as no russeting (1), light russeting (2), moderate russeting (3), and severe russeting (4). Possible ranges were: russeting, none to light 30-60, light to moderate 60-90, and moderate to severe 90-120. All treatments provided good to excellent control of the European red mite except the Tranide treatment and the low rate of NC-21314. The half-rate combination of Carzol plus Plictran gave longer residual control than Carzol alone. Starting with the first treatment, average russet ratings in order are as follows: 98, 100, 98, 88, 101, 99, 108, 94, 98, 110, and 113.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Graham L.C. , Gaylor M.J. , Edelson J.V. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to control boll weevils was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Four replicates of 9 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a 10-row boom at the rate of 9 gal/acre (2.5 mph, 60 psi, 2 TeeJet TX4 80° nozzles per row) mounted on a Hahn Hi-boy. Due to wet weather, all plots were over sprayed aerially on 20 Jun with Pounce, Guthion, and Lorsban to suppress weevils and worms. Plots were treated for weevils on Aug 6, 12, 18, 24, 31 and Sep 3, 14 and 15. Plots were oversprayed on Aug 12, 18, 24, 31 and Sep 3 and 15 with Bolstar and Galecron to suppress bollworms. Damage was estimated by collecting 100 squares at random from the middle 2 rows in each plot. Weevil populations were considered moderate to heavy during the testing period.
Control of Heliothis SPP. in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two full season studies were conducted at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various commercial and experimental insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. and boll weevils on cotton. Plots in the first test were 8 rows x 64.0 m (1.02 n centers). Plots in the second study were 4 rows x 30.5 m (1.02 m centers). Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments in the first study were applied on Jul 27, Aug 3, 9, 18, 23 and 30. Guthion 2L (0.25 lb ai/acre) was added to the insecticides when weevil pressure warranted its addition. In the second test, insecticide applications were made on Jul 28, Aug 4, 10, 16, 24 and 31. No weevil material was added to the insecticide treatments in the second study. All plots in both tests were oversprayed with Azodrin 5 (0.5 lb ai/acre) for two-spotted mite on Aug 13. Following the sixth treatment in late Aug, both tests were oversprayed the remainder of the season following standard control practices. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of the center 4 rows of each plot on Oct 20 and 21 in the first test and the center 2 rows of each plot on Oct 15 in the second study. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored following insecticide applications by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot.
Cornstalk Borer Control in Nonirrigated Peanuts in Oklahoma, 1982
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard , Sander Oouglas , Steward Rruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted on Jun 25 with 0.9-m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticide sprays were applied on Aug 13, Sep 10 and 30 using drop pipes from a boom sprayer with 2 flat spray nozzles/row to direct liquid to the soil surface over the pegging zone. Total volume delivered was 30 gpa. One application of the Terraclor & Lorsban granular formulation was made on Sep 10. A randomized complete block design was utilized with treatments replicated 4 times on 2 row x 100-m plots. On each sampling date 20 plants/plot were removed from the soil and roots, pegs, and pods were examined for larvae. Soil around plants was sifted to locate additional larvae or pupae. Plants with 1 or more live larvae or pupae were considered infested.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland with Pydrin, 1982
Authors: Onsager, Jerome A. , Mazuranich, Philip C. , Winterfeld R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pydrin was applied at 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 lb ai/acre to non-replicated square 10-acre plots near Broadus, MT on Jun 24. All dosages were diluted in water and applied in 8 oz of fluid/acre with a Bell helicopter at 40 psi pressure through Spraying Systems No. 80015 flat fan nozzles. Flight speed was 70 mph, flight height was 100 ft, and swath width was 95 ft. All nozzles were directed straight down. These treatments were compared to a standard treatment of 8 fl oz of 95% technical malathion/acre applied under identical conditions. Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1-ydin2 quadrats along each of 2 diagonal transects through each treated plot, as well as in an untreated control plot. Counts were taken before treatment and at 1, 3, and 7 days post treatment. The above grasshopper species comprised about 60% of the infestation, and were predominantly 3rd stage nymphs at the time of treatment. Precount densities averaged 5.7/yd2, which was not an economical infestation but which was sufficient for experimental purposes. All post-treatment densities were expressed as a percentage control based on the precounts along the same transects and were subjected to an analysis of variance.
Mexican Bean Beetle and Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Soybean, 1982
Authors: Ferguson Holly J. , Deighan John , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their effects on Mexican bean beetle, bean leaf beetle, and spiders. Insecticides were applied on Sep 2 on ‘Essex’ soybeans grown on the F.F. Chandler Farm in Westmoreland County near Montross, VA. Individual plots were 4 rows 25 ft long and spaced 6 ft apart. A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 14 days after application by comparing the number of Mexican bean beetle, bean leaf beetle, and spiders per 20 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Podworm, Soybean Looper, and Green Cloverworm Control of Soybean with Bacillus thuringiensis, 1982
Authors: Harper James D. , Herbert D. Ames 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted in 102 cm rows, at the Plant Breeding Unit near Tallassee, AL in May. Treatment plots were n rows x 15.2 m arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized, hand carried sprayer delivering 15.4 1/ha through 3 TX6 nozzles per row at 40 psi. Applications were made on Aug 19, when soybean looper and podworm populations had reached economic threshold levels and again on Aug 31, when an influx of soybean loopers occurred. Evaluations were made by taking a 0.91 m shake cloth sample from each plot on Aug 19 (prespray), 24, 27, Sep 3 and 7.
Soybean Looper Control in Narrow and Wide Row Soybean Plantings, 1981
Authors: Hutchins S.H. , Pitre H.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted on Jun 11 near Starkville, in Oktibbeha County, MS. Treatment plots within the field were arranged in a 2-way split-plot design with wholeplots (row spacing) confounded and subplots (insecticides) randomized in a complete block design. Wide row plots were 4 rows on 38 in centers and 40 ft long. Narrow row plots encompassed an equal area, but were planted with a 7-in grain drill. All treatments were replicated 4 times. An early application of methyl parathion (0.5 lb ai/acre) induced high populations of the soybean looper throughout the field. Soybean in the R4 stage (full pod set) were heavily infested with loopers (3rd to 5th instars) when sprayed with insecticides on Sep 23. The toxicants were applied in water at the rate of 10 gal of final spray mixture per acre and at 32 psi using 3 nozzles per row. Soybean looper populations were sampled 24 h prior to application of the insecticides, and 24 and 48 h after application. A 3 ft ground cloth (sampling 6 row-ft) was used to sample the insect population in the wide row plantings, while the 7-in drill planting was sampled with a 15-in sweepnet using 12 sweeps per sample through the middle of each plot.