bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Performance of Ecologists is Gender- Biased: Effect of Caregiving Responsibilities And The Working Environment
Authors: Lomáscolo Silvia B. , Novillo Agustina , Sandoval-Salinas María L. , Fontanarrosa Gabriela , Montellano María Gabriela Núñez , Piquer-Rodríguez María , Alvarez Marisa , Aschero Valeria , Chillo Verónica , Fanjul María Elisa , Martínez-Galvez Fernanda , Pero Edgardo J. I. , Rodríguez Daniela , Schroeder Natalia , Zarbá Lucía 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As the scientific environment is hierarchical and meritocratic, greater dedication will lead to higher performance. Consequently, scientists with caregiving responsibilities will suffer downfalls in performance. Caregivers are mainly women so their career is more affected than their male counterparts’. Based on a self-perception survey among Argentinean ecologists, we studied the distribution of caregiving responsibilities, uninterrupted time dedicated to work, career paths, perception of researchers’ own work and that of others in relation to gender, and reciprocal effect between family and work. We found that a larger percentage of women carry caregiving duties, dedicate less uninterrupted time to work, and more to non-work-related tasks, especially when working from home. We found no effect of caregiving on age at promotion, although women tend to start earlier stages of their careers younger than men, while the trend reverts in later categories. Women tend to value their own work more poorly than men, and both female and male researchers tend to choose male over female referents and advisers, especially among older generations. The interaction between family and work is perceived negatively by women in early career stages. In general, women and men felt supported by their advisers with respect to family-related issues. Caregiving duties must be considered when evaluating a researcher’s performance, especially for women. Public policies must help relieve women from heavy caregiving tasks and facilitate leaving their home space to detach from not-work-related tasks. Greater peer recognition of women’s research should increase their participation as advisers and referents, as well as their own perception of their work and those of other women. We must actively propose policies that will turn academy into a fairer and more equitable working environment for women.
Design and Fabrication of Elevators Using AVR Microcontroller
Authors: Keykha Mohsen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Men, along with the progress in his civilization and daily life, felt the need more and more every day that in addition to all the facilities and tools he had created for himself to move horizontally, he needed a tool to move himself and his tools and loads in the horizontal direction. Is. Images have been recorded in history that show that he invented methods for vertical movement in the distant past. Initially, this was done by levers and animals. An elevator is a permanent public vehicle that moves between predefined levels. The elevator is the only means of transportation used by all age groups and is the most common means of vertical movement in the world. The elevator is installed inside an environment that consists of three parts: 1. Engine room 2. Elevator well 3. Well. The gearbox motor acts as the heart of the elevator and the control panel acts as the core of the elevator. The aim of this research is to simulate and build the circuit and the building of the elevator so that it can be equipped with new facilities and sensors by using reprogramming if necessary to make its operation safer and provide more comfort for the passengers. Here we have programmed the AVR microcontroller using codevisionAVR software and performed the simulation using Proteus software.
New Integrated TBM Disc Cutter Deviation Analysis And Design of The Supporting Cutter-Changing Robot End-Effector
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Hao , Huo Junzhou , Yang Bowen , Yang Fan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
At present, the replacement of disc cutters of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a very important and difficult manual operation. Therefore, it is meaningful to study disc cutters of TBM replacement with a robot. In this paper, the machining and assembly deviation of the new integrated disc cutter developed by our research group is modeled and analyzed by using the improved Jacobian-Torsor model, and the analysis results are verified by experiments. On this basis, aiming at the possible radial deviation and angle deviation in the working process of a robot replacing TBM disc cutters, a cutter-changing robot end-effector composed of a guiding mechanism, a flexible connecting mechanism and a universal wrench is designed for the disassembly and assembly of the new integrated disc cutter, and scaled-down models were made for the experiment. The test results show that when there is a radial deviation of 19.21% or an angle deviation of 11° between the fastening bolt and the end-effector of the robot, the robot end-effector can complete the docking with the fastening bolt.
The forecasting model research of rural energy transformation in Henan Province based on STIRPAT model
Authors: Wen Lei , Song Qianqian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to find the model of rural energy transformation in Henan Province. This paper examines the effects of population, per capita income, total value of agricultural output, per capita housing area, electric motor power, total power of rural durable goods on rural power consumption (PC) and effective irrigation area, per capita housing area, total power of agricultural machinery, total value of agricultural output, rural population, and energy intensity on rural total energy consumption (TEC) employing Tapio decoupling model. In addition, PSO-BOP is used to predict the values of each influencing factor in 2020-2025. Last, the STIRPAT model is used to forecast TEC and PC from 2020-2025 based on the data of rural energy consumption in Henan Province from 2009-2019. The results show that other factors besides population promote TEC and PC to different degrees. Moreover, the influencing factors, TEC and PC form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion. Then, TEC and PC consumption show an increasing trend year by year in 2020-2025. It is worth noting that after 2022, the variation of PC is greater than that of TEC. To sum up, improving rural electrification level is a necessary way to realize its low-carbon energy transition.
Hydrologic regime alteration and influence factors in the Jialing River of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Guo Wenxian , Jiao Xuyang , Zhou Haotong , Zhu Yongwei , Wang Hongxiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Under the influence of climate alteration and human activities, the hydrological regime of rivers is changing dramatically, which has become a hot spot for water environment research. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the degree of hydrological variability of the Jialing River and the contribution of climate alteration and human activities to hydrological alterations using the ecohydrological indicator range of alteration (IHA-RVA) method and Budyko hypothesis formulations. The results showed that (1) The average annual runoff and the precipitation of Jialing River showed a decreasing trend, the potential evapotranspiration showed an increasing trend. (2) Compared with before the hydrological situation changed, the degree of alteration in the annual extreme streamflow is 31%, which is a low degree of alteration; the degree of alteration in monthly streamflow, annual extreme flow magnitude, extreme flow ephemeris, and streamflow alteration frequency are 51%, 43%, 54%, and 64% respectively, which are all moderate degrees of alteration; the overall hydrological alteration is 50%, which belongs to moderate alteration. (3) The contribution of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and human activities to the runoff alteration is 61%, -16%, and 55%, respectively. This study provides corresponding references for ecological restoration and sustainable development of the Yangtze River Basin in China.
Relationship Between Energy Balance-Related Behaviors and Its Influencing Factors in Overweight/Obese Primary School Students Aged 10–12 Years in China
Authors: Zhang Shicheng , Gao Haining , Cui Ying , Wang Xin , Cao Wenshuo , Ding Qian , Chang Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) are behaviors closely related to energy intake and expenditure. Unhealthy EBRBs are closely related to overweight and obesity in primary school students, and personal and family factors are the key factors that affect the EBRBs of primary school students.Methods: In order to explore the relationship between EBRBs, related factors, and overweight and obesity among school-age children, the body mass index of 4,412 10–12-year-olds from North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, and Southwest China was measured, and they were assessed using a questionnaire regarding EBRBs and influencing factors.Results:1.Compared with normal-weight students, the number of breakfasts consumed per week by overweight/obese students was significantly higher (p <0.01), and the weekly screen-viewing time was significantly longer (p <0.01).2. There are some differences in influencing factors of EBRBs between overweight/obese pupils and normal weight pupils. Overweight/obese students' health beliefs, parental subjective norms, parental modelling, parental practices, and home availability scores increased significantly in terms of beverage consumption behavior (p <0.01 or p <0.05).The scores of attitude, health beliefs, self-efficacy, parental subjective norms and active encouragement decreased significantly in terms of breakfast consumption (p <0.01 or p <0.05).The health beliefs scores of physical activity increased significantly (p <0.01), and preference and autonomy scores decreased significantly (p <0.01). The health beliefs, parental subjective norms and parental practices scores of screen-viewing activities increased significantly (p <0.01 or p <0.05). 3.Breakfast consumption (odds ratio [OR]: 0.911; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.870–0.954) and screen-viewing activities (OR:1.055; 95% CI: 1.030–1.080) were negatively correlated and positively correlated with overweight/obesity, respectively.4.Factors that significantly influenced weekly breakfast consumption included attitude, health beliefs, self-efficacy, parental subjective norms, and active encouragement. The main factors that influenced weekly screen-viewing time were parental practices, self-efficacy, preference, attitude, autonomy, and parental modelling.Conclusions: Irregular breakfast consumption and excessive screen-viewing time engagement are key EBRBs associated with overweight/obesity among Chinese primary school students aged 10–12 years. Unhealthy breakfast consumption and screen-viewing activities of overweight/obese students are associated with an interaction between individual and family factors.
Inhibition of USP14 suppresses ferroptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced goat mammary epithelial cells through ubiquitylating the IL-6 protein
Authors: ZHU Guangqin , SUI Shaopu , SHI Fengyun , WANG Qinglin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Ferroptosis, a novel manner of cell death depended on iron ion, contributed to goat mammary epithelial cell dysfunction. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major pro-inflammatory factor during many inflammation-related diseases including mastitis, and a quite recently identified ferroptosis inducer. This study aims to explore the role of IL-6 in the dysfunction of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and how the level of IL-6 was regulated.
Methods

Primary GMECs were isolated, cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or together with Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a well-known ferroptosis inhibitor. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability, ELISA was used to detect TNF-α content, and the levels of ROS, GSH and MDA were analyzed with DCFDA-cell ROS detection kit, GSH assay kit and MDA assay kit, respectively. The iron ion level was measured with an iron assay kit.
Results

The expression level of IL-6 protein in GMECs was up-regulated in response to LPS treatment, and the secretion of TNF-α, the cell oxidative stress level and the Fe2+ ion content was robustly increased, which could be reversed by Fer-1 treatment. Knockdown of IL-6 decreased cell oxidative stress level and inhibited ferroptosis in LPS-treated GMECs. Further, ubiquitin experiment and co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that USP14 upregulated IL-6 protein expression by reducing the ubiquitination of IL-6, and overexpression of IL-6 reversed the inhibitory effect of USP14 shRNA on LPS-treated GMECs ferroptosis. The NRF2 inhibitor Brusatol reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-6 shRNA on LPS-treated ferroptosis.
Conclusion

IL-6 protein is deubiquitinated by USP14 and upregulated in LPS-treated GMECs, further promoting ferroptosis and inflammation through the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Clinical Evaluation of Bacterial DNA Using an Improved Droplet Digital PCR for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Diagnosis
Authors: Wu Haoxin , Hou Wei , Zhang Wei , Wang Zheng , Guo Shan , Chen De-Xi , Li Zhen , Wei Fei Li , Hu Zhong Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective

Bacterial DNA (bactDNA) detection has been studied on ascitic fluid. However, there is insufficient data to support its use in clinical practice. We improved a novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method and enhanced its diagnostic efficiency for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
Method

A total of 250 patients were included in this retrospective study. Extra cell-free DNA was depleted using Benzonase before pathogen DNA extraction to obtain viable bacterial DNA. The threshold value of bactDNA quantitation and its diagnostic performance were established based on ascites-polymorphonuclear (PMN) and clinical manifestation. The bactDNA quantification analysis were detailedly performed on patients who were symptomatic and had a PMN < 250 cells/mm3.
Results

This study enrolled 191 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. After the removal of free DNA, bactDNA detected by ddPCR were generally decreased(1.75 vs 1.5 copies/µl, P<0.001), while the area under the curve for diagnosing SBP was increased, which 0.98 for total, 0.91 for gram-positive, 0.95 for gram-negative bactDNA. Compared with traditional culture and PMN count, results based on composite diagnostic standard showed that the sensitivity of ddPCR testing was 80.5% for total,72% for Gram-positive, and 93.9% for Gram-negative bactDNA while the specificity was 95.3%, 93.9%, and 89.3%, respectively. In patients with PMN <250 cells/mm3, the bactDNA quantitation of 13 patients who were symptomatic was significantly higher than those asymptomatic(2.7 vs 1.7 copies/µl, P<0.001).
Conclusion

BactDNA quantitation in ascites by ddPCR is a promising approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of SBP, especially for symptomatic patients with PMN < 250 cells/mm3.
An improved assessment of high efficiency heterojunction perovskite solar cell employing InxGa1-xAs as efficient hole transport layer
Authors: Khaouani Mohammed , Bencherif H. , zakarya kourdi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spiro-OMeTAD is an excellent nominee for HTM application, but its high hygrpscopicity, inclination to crystallize, and fragility to moisture and heat make it unsuitable for solar cells. So, it is of interest to investigate other HTM candidate. In this paper, the use of p-type InGaAs as hole transport materials (HTM) has been suggested to enhance the performance of perovskite-based solar cell (PSC). The simulation of hybrid CH3NH3PbI3/ InGaAs planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell is performed using Atlas Silvaco simulator. In order to confirm the predictability of the proposed simulation methodology, the conventional ITO/TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD structure is simulated and good coincidence with experimental results shown. The proposed design using InGaAs as HTM outperforms the conventional device in terms of short-circuit current density (JSC) of 37.2 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1V, fill factor (FF) of 80% and high value of efficiency. Besides, The finding show that with In content of x=0.7 the efficiency will improved to reach a value of about 30%.
Wind-Induced Sediment Dynamics Impact on Turbidity for Watrerworks in Taihu Basin Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yao Xinyu , Liu Xiaowei , Zhou Yongchao , Zhang Liang , Zhou Zhixu , Zhang Yiping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lake Taihu is an important drinking water source for cities of Yangtze River Delta region, while the dramatically fluctuate of turbidity caused serve problems for local waterworks’ management. Since the sediment behavior induced by wind disturbance was believed to be the main factor for the matter, the effect of wind fields on hydrodynamic and sediment distribution of Lake Taihu and the turbidity of the raw water were conducted based on wind driven numerical model. The results indicate that wind direction was more influential for the structure of flow and wave fields while wind speed contributed more to the field intensity, and the suspended sediment of the water intake area was primarily consisted of migrated particles from other erosion regions. The high consistence between the simulated suspended sediment concentration and the turbidity with a lag effect of 7-hour made it possible for turbidity prediction when combined with weather forecast technique. The model achieved operation adjusting in advance, thus improve the management efficiency of the waterworks.
Condensation and Radial Transport of Filamentary Enstatite Crystals from Interplanetary Dust
Authors: Utt Kainen , Ogliore Ryan , Liu Nan , Krot Alexander , Bradley John , Brownlee Donald , Joswiak David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Filamentary enstatite crystals, formed by gas-solid condensation in the solar nebula, are found in chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles of probable cometary origin. We measured the oxygen isotopic composition of four filamentary enstatite grains from the giant cluster interplanetary dust particle U2-20 GCP. These grains sample both the 16O-rich solar (∆17O ≈ −30 ‰) and 16O-poor planetary (∆17O ≈ 0 ‰) isotope reservoirs. Our measurements provide evidence for very early vaporization of dust-poor and dust-rich regions of the solar nebula, followed by condensation and outward transport of crystalline dust to the comet-forming region very far from the Sun. Similar processes are likely responsible for the crystalline silicates observed in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks elsewhere in the Galaxy.
Clinical Characteristics of External Ocular and Periocular Infections and Their Antimicrobial Treatment Patterns Among a Ghanaian Ophthalmic Population; A Multicenter Study
Authors: Junior Isaiah Osei Duah , Tchiakpe Michel Pascal , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham , Amoah Kwadwo , Amankwah Francis Kwaku Dzideh , Kumah David Ben , Ofori Linda Aurelia , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Prempeh Bright Owusu , Gbedema Stephen Yao , Munyaneza Justin , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Akuffo Kwadwo Owusu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Empirical antimicrobial therapy is linked to a surge in antimicrobial resistant infections. However, an insight on the bacteria etiology of ocular infections is essential in the appropriation of choice of antimicrobial among clinicians, yet there remains a dearth of data from Ghana. We investigated the bacteria etiology of external ocular and periocular infections and antimicrobial treatment patterns among a Ghanaian ophthalmic population. A multicenter study design with purposive sampling approach was employed. Patients demographics and clinical data were collated using a pretested structure questionnaire. Cornea specimens and conjunctival swabs were obtained for bacteriological investigations following standard protocols. About 95% (98/103) of ocular samples were positive for bacteria culture. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was 58.2%, and the predominant bacteria species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 38.8% and Staphylococcus aureus 27.6%. Conjunctivitis 40.0% and keratitis 75.0% were mostly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The routinely administered antimicrobial therapy were polymyxin B 41.2%, neomycin 35.1% and ciprofloxacin 31.6%. Participants demographic and clinical characteristics were unrelated with positive bacteria culture (p > 0.05). Our results showed a markedly higher burden of ocular bacterial infections and variations in etiology. Bacterial infection-control and antimicrobial agent management programs should be urgently institutionalized to prevent the emergence of resistant infections.
The Relationship of Serum Sex-Hormone Binding Protein and Free Androgen Index Levels to Newborn’s Breast Enlargement
Authors: Kaya Avni , Erdil Abdullah , Orbak Zerrin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to analyze body mass index, estrogen, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG), free androgenic index (FAI), and estrogen/testosterone ratio and their relationship to breast enlargement in newborns. Additionally, we defined the mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and percentiles of SHBG and FAI in 14-28 days-old babies.
Methods
Forty babies with breast enlargement aged 14-28 days (17 boys and 23 girls) were included in the study. As controls were taken 36 babies in the same age group (19 boys and 17 girls). The SHBG and FAI values were calculate as mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and percentages in 14-28 days-old newborns. Normal values and 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of the SHBG and FAI values were calculated according to sex.
Results
The mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum SHBG values among girls, boys, and all participants were 74.84±26.21 ng/dL (26.80-135.20 ng/dL), 73.22±24.98 ng/dL (13.00-144.80 ng/dL), and 74.07±25.48 ng/dL (13.00-144.80 ng/dL), respectively. The mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum FAI values of girls, boys, and all participants were 0.44±0.33 (0.03-1.38), 1.42±0.54 (0.69-3.46), and 0.91±0.66 (0.03-3.46), respectively.
Conclusion
Neonatal breast enlargement is not associated with weight, length, body mass index, estrogen, testosterone, SHBG, FAI, Estrogen/Testosterone ratio, or sex. In the physiology of neonatal breast enlargement, there are still situations that await clarification.