bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight and tough PVDF foams via high‐pressure foam injection molding with core‐back operation
Authors: Weng Zhengsheng , Ren Qian , Wu Minghui , Zhu Xiuyu , Li Wanwan , Wang Long , Zheng Wenge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foams prepared by batch foaming have been intensively studied, but it still remains a challenge to fabricate high‐performance PVDF foams for structural applications. Herein, by adding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the minor component, the blend foams were successfully fabricated using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a green blowing agent via foam injection molding (FIM) with core‐back operation. The added PMMA could reduce the crystal size of PVDF. Owing to fine cellular structure and small crystal sizes, the injection‐molded blend microcellular foams exhibited superior mechanical properties. Especially, the elongation at break and specific breaking energy of the blend foam with 40% void fraction were separately increased by 184% and 297% compared to that of the PVDF foam. These findings revealed that the lightweight microcellular PVDF foams with improved toughness could be manufactured by the scale‐up and efficient FIM technology, which showed a promising future in automotive and other structural applications.
Analytical model to predict unfrozen water content based on the probability of ice formation in soils
Authors: Wan Xusheng , Pei Wansheng , Lu Jianguo , Qiu Enxi , Yan Zhongrui , Pirhadi Nima , Zhu Jishuai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe variation in unfrozen water content with temperature substantially affects coupled heat and water transport in frozen soil, causing frost heave and thaw settlement owing to the ice and water phase change and influencing soil stability in cold regions. Thus, analyzing the mechanism of water freezing and building a predictive model for the unfrozen water content of soils is paramount. In this study, an analytical model based on equivalent contact angle was developed to predict the unfrozen water content. The relationship between the equivalent contact angle and temperature was obtained based on the assumption that the heterogeneous nucleation rate nonlinearly decreased with temperature. The proposed analytical model was validated using existing unfrozen water content data at various temperatures for a silty clay soil material from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and compared to several existing numerical models which predict unfrozen water content in soil materials. The results revealed a close relationship between the unfrozen water content and equivalent contact angle, and the equivalent contact angle increased as the temperature decreased. Meanwhile, the pore water in the soil first froze when the contact angle was smaller. Moreover, the values predicted by the analytical model for the unfrozen water content agreed well with the experimental results, especially under low‐temperature conditions and during the early stage of water freezing.
The signaling and selectivity of α‐adrenoceptor agonists for the human α2A, α2B and α2C‐adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Proudman Richard G. W. , Akinaga Juliana , Baker Jillian G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstractα2‐adrenoceptors, (α2A, α2B and α2C‐subtypes), are Gi‐coupled receptors. Central activation of brain α2A and α2C‐adrenoceptors is the main site for α2‐agonist mediated clinical responses in hypertension, ADHD, muscle spasm and ITU management of sedation, reduction in opiate requirements, nausea and delirium. However, despite having the same Gi‐potency in functional assays, some α2‐agonists also stimulate Gs‐responses whilst others do not. This was investigated. Agonist responses to 49 different α‐agonists were studied (CRE‐gene transcription, cAMP, ERK1/2‐phosphorylation and binding affinity) in CHO cells stably expressing the human α2A, α2B or α2C‐adrenoceptor, enabling ligand intrinsic efficacy to be determined (binding KD/Gi‐IC50). Ligands with high intrinsic efficacy (e.g., brimonidine and moxonidine at α2A) stimulated biphasic (Gi‐Gs) concentration responses, however for ligands with low intrinsic efficacy (e.g., naphazoline), responses were monophasic (Gi‐only). ERK1/2‐phosphorylation responses appeared to be Gi‐mediated. For Gs‐mediated responses to be observed, both a system with high receptor reserve and high agonist intrinsic efficacy were required. From the Gi‐mediated efficacy ratio, the degree of Gs‐coupling could be predicted. The clinical relevance and precise receptor conformational changes that occur, given the structural diversity of compounds with high intrinsic efficacy, remains to be determined. Comparison with α1 and β1/β2‐adrenoceptors demonstrated subclass affinity selectivity for some compounds (e.g., α2:dexmedetomidine, α1:A61603) whilst e.g., oxymetazoline had high affinity for both α2A and α1A‐subtypes, compared to all others. Some compounds had subclass selectivity due to selective intrinsic efficacy (e.g., α2:brimonidine, α1:methoxamine/etilefrine). A detailed knowledge of these agonist characteristics is vital for improving computer‐based deep‐learning and drug design.
Increased hydropower production and hydropeaking mitigation along the Upper Inn River (Tyrol, Austria) with a combination of buffer reservoirs, diversion hydropower plants and retention basins
Authors: Reindl Robert , Neuner Johann , Schletterer Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch on hydropeaking in Austria started in the 1990s and the implementation of the WFD stipulated large research projects since the year 2009. The first research projects supported the process understanding and in a second investigation step, measures were evaluated. The mountains in the region of Tyrol create large heads and thus support the production of flexible energy. In this region, TIWAG is operating 9 large (>10 MW) and 27 small (<10 MW) hydropower plants, with an installed capacity of about 1,550 MW and a mean annual production of 3,000 GWh. As the governmental energy strategy foresees an extension of the hydropower production in Austria, suitable options were selected in 2004 by TIWAG and the water management framework plan for Western Tyrol was developed. This strategic planning instrument proposes five large power plants, with a generation of 1,800 GWh/year of renewable energy, which enables to reach the WFD targets, because the concept includes hydropeaking mitigation by combining buffer reservoirs (impoundments), diversion hydropower plants, and retention basins. We present our promising concept of hydropeaking mitigation and exemplify this based on the GKI, a hydropeaking diversion hydropower plants (HPP) at the Swiss/Austrian border as well as the Silz hydropeaking retention basin, with a volume of about 300,000 m3. As the presented case studies are the largest measures for hydropeaking mitigation being currently implemented in Central Europe, they have pilot‐character. Thus, ongoing research and monitoring programs are expected to improve the knowledge about hydropeaking mitigation.
Forty Years of Reading Intervention Research for Elementary Students with or at Risk for Dyslexia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hall Colby , Dahl‐Leonard Katlynn , Cho Eunsoo , Solari Emily J. , Capin Philip , Conner Carlin L. , Henry Alyssa R. , Cook Lysandra , Hayes Latisha , Vargas Isabel , Richmond Cassidi L. , Kehoe Karen F. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis meta‐analysis included experimental or quasi‐experimental intervention studies conducted between 1980 and 2020 that aimed to improve reading outcomes for Grade K‐5 students with or at risk for dyslexia (i.e., students with or at risk for word reading difficulties, defined as scoring at or below norm‐referenced screening or mean baseline performance thresholds articulated in our inclusion criteria). In all, 53 studies reported in 52 publications met inclusion criteria (m = 351; total student N = 6,053). We employed robust variance estimation to address dependent effect sizes arising from multiple outcomes and comparisons within studies. Results indicated a statistically significant main effect of instruction on norm‐referenced reading outcomes (g = 0.33; p < .001). Because there was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies (p < .01), we used meta‐regression to identify the degree to which student characteristics (i.e., grade level), intervention characteristics (i.e., dosage, instructional components, multisensory nature, instructional group size), reading outcome domain (i.e., phonological awareness, word reading/spelling, passage reading, or reading comprehension), or research methods (i.e., sample size, study design) influenced intervention effects. Dosage and reading outcome domain were the only variables that significantly moderated intervention effects (p = .040 and p = .024, respectively), with higher dosage studies associated with larger effects (b = 0.002) and reading comprehension outcomes associated with smaller effects than word reading/spelling outcomes (b = −0.080).
Post‐paddy tillage affects soil physical processes of rain‐fed rice–wheat rotation
Authors: Liang Lei , Xu Gaoming , Ding Qishuo , Wang Jiannan , Xing Quandao , Torotwa Ian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRain‐fed rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (RFRW) rotation can be a resource‐saving solution for sustainable cropping systems. However, conventional puddled and flood transplanted rice, repeat tractor compaction, and years of shallow rotary tillage and paddy–dryland rotation had a negative impact on soil physical in the RFRW rotation (e.g., soil consolidation and shrinkage, shallow tillage layer). A 4‐yr field experiment was established to determine if different post‐paddy tillage systems would improve soil physical properties and plant factors. We compared no‐tillage (NT), conventional rotary tillage (RT), and deep tillage (DT) to improve the deteriorated soil structure, soil water, wheat root system, and grain yield. The results indicated that DT increased the average soil water content by 7.25% and 9.98%, increased field capacity by 9.58 and 5.23%, and decreased the soil bulk density by 6.2 and 2.2% at 0‐to‐20‐cm soil depth in 4 yr as compared to NT and RT, respectively. The NT increased the average relative soil moisture and had higher soil bulk density at 0‐to‐20‐cm depth. The DT deepened the root growth and increased the total root point numbers by 21.0 and 22.8% at 0‐to‐40‐cm soil depth in 4 yr, respectively, compared with NT and RT. In 4 yr, the DT significantly achieved higher average grain yield by 5.3 and 13.5%, respectively, compared with NT and RT. Overall, DT after rice was shown to be a promising management approach for improving wheat yields and might enable sustainable intensification of RFRW rotation.
Iron‐Based Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Wang Chuqi , Zhang Yingbing , Luo Hongxia , Zhang Hui , Li Wei , Zhang Wei‐xian , Yang Jianping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNitrate has a high level of stability and persistence in water, endangering human health and aquatic ecosystems. Due to its high reliability and efficiency, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is regarded as the best available option for mitigating excess nitrate in water and wastewater, especially for the removal of trace levels of nitrate. One of the most critical factors in the electrochemical reduction are the catalysts, which directly affect the reaction efficiency of nitrate removal. Iron‐based nanocatalysts, which have the advantages of nontoxicity, wide availability, and low cost, have emerged as a promising electrochemical NO3RR material in recent years. This review covers major aspects of iron‐based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3RR, including synthetic methods, structural design, performance enhancement, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction test, and reduction mechanism. The recent progress of iron‐based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3RR and the mechanism of functional advantages for modified structures are reviewed from the perspectives of loading, doping, and assembly strategies, in order to realize the conversion from pollutant nitrate to harmless nitrogen or ammonia and other sustainable products. Finally, challenges and future directions for the development of low‐cost and highly‐efficient iron‐based nanocatalysts are explored.
Aging Transitions at Work: The Embodied Experience of Becoming Older
Authors: Riach Kathleen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of “older workerhood” as the transitional space in which individuals experience the gradual and iterative move towards becoming an older worker. It locates this transition as one characterized by situated embodied experiences that operate within the context of the “older worker” being a site of inequality and discrimination. To illustrate how older workerhood manifests in a workplace setting, the chapter turns to illustrative examples from a study of growing up and older in the UK financial services sector. It documents the intensification of “body work” by employees and subsequent negotiation of their bodies within a competitive workplace context as features of older workerhood, and how “successful” transitional experiences are governed by organizational norms that are often gendered. The chapter closes by reflecting on the potential value of exploring older workerhood as a transitional space, pointing to its potential to explore the fecundity of ageing experiences at work more generally.
Should We Preserve the World’s Software History, And Can We?
Authors: Di Cosmo Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that a re inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.What role does software play in it? We claim that software source code is an important product of human creativity, and embodies a growing part of our scientific, organisational and technological knowledge: it is a part of our cultural heritage, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that it is not lost.Preserving the history of software is also a key enabler for reproducibility of research, and as a means to foster better and more secure software for society. This is the mission of Software Heritage, a non-profit organization dedicated to building the universal archive of software source code, catering to the needs of science, industry and culture, for the benefit of society as a whole.In this keynote talk we survey the principles and key technology used in the archive that contains over 12 billion unique source code files from some 180 millions projects worldwide.
Extracting Funder Information from Scientific Papers - Experiences with Question Answering
Authors: Borst Timo , Mielck Jonas , Nannt Matthias , Riese Wolfgang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper is about automatic recognition of entities that funded a research work in economics as being expressed in a publication. While many works apply rules and/or regular expressions to candidate sections within the text, we follow a question answering (QA) based approach to identify those passages that are most likely to inform us about funding. With regard to a digital library scenario, we are dealing with three more challenges: confirming that our approach at least outperforms manual indexing, disambiguation of funding organizations by linking their names to authority data, and integrating the generated metadata into a digital library application. Our computational results by means of machine learning techniques show that our QA performs similar to a previous work (AckNER), although we operated on rather small sets of training and test data. While manual indexing is still needed for a gold standard of reliable metadata, the identification of funding entities only worked for a subset of funder names.
Dienstliche Beurteilung als multifunktionales Instrument des Personalmanagements und der Personalentwicklung in Schulen
Authors: Thiel Felicitas , Schewe Claudia Manuela , Riecke-Baulecke Thomas 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDienstliche Beurteilung sind im öffentlichen Dienst ein zentrales Instrument der Beförderung und Personalentwicklung. Zunächst werden die Rahmenbedingungen für die dienstliche Beurteilung im öffentlichen Dienst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland dargestellt. Im Anschluss erfolgt die Analyse der Regelungen zur dienstlichen Beurteilung von Lehrkräften im Ländervergleich. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Beurteilung der fachlichen Leistung gelegt.Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich die Operationalisierung der Indikatoren für die dienstliche Beurteilung nur teilweise an den Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung orientiert. Was die Beurteilung des Unterrichts betrifft, fehlt vielfach eine Bezugnahme auf die Befunde der Unterrichtsforschung. Außerdem differieren die Indikatoren stark zwischen den Ländern.
Entanglement entropies of an interval in the free Schrödinger field theory on the half line
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Pontello Diego , Tonni Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the entanglement entropies of an interval adjacent to the boundary of the half line for the free fermionic spinless Schrödinger field theory at finite density and zero temperature, with either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. They are finite functions of the dimensionless parameter given by the product of the Fermi momentum and the length of the interval. The entanglement entropy displays an oscillatory behaviour, differently from the case of the interval on the whole line. This behaviour is related to the Friedel oscillations of the mean particle density on the half line at the entangling point. We find analytic expressions for the expansions of the entanglement entropies in the regimes of small and large values of the dimensionless parameter. They display a remarkable agreement with the curves obtained numerically. The analysis is extended to a family of free fermionic Lifshitz models labelled by their integer Lifshitz exponent, whose parity determines the properties of the entanglement entropies. The cumulants of the local charge operator and the Schatten norms of the underlying kernels are also explored.
The timbre of Hawking gravitons: an effective description of energy transport from holography
Authors: He Temple , Loganayagam R. , Rangamani Mukund , Sivakumar Akhil , Virrueta Julio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Planar black holes in AdS, which are holographically dual to compressible relativistic fluids, have a long-lived phonon mode that captures the physics of attenuated sound propagation and transports energy in the plasma. We describe the open effective field theory of this fluctuating phonon degree of freedom. The dynamics of the phonon is encoded in a single scalar field whose gravitational coupling has non-trivial spatial momentum dependence. This description fits neatly into the paradigm of classifying gravitational modes by their Markovianity index, depending on whether they are long-lived. The sound scalar is a non-Markovian field with index 3 − d for a d-dimensional fluid. We reproduce (and extend) the dispersion relation of the holographic sound mode to quartic order in derivatives, constructing in the process the effective field theory governing its attenuated dynamics and associated stochastic fluctuations. We also remark on the presence of additional spatially homogeneous zero modes in the gravitational problem, which remain disconnected from the phonon Goldstone mode.
Momentum dependent gap in holographic superconductors revisited
Authors: Ghorai Debabrata , Choun Yoon-Seok , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe reconsider the angular dependence in gap structure of holographic superconductors, which has not been treated carefully so far. For the vector field model, we show that the normalizable ground state is in the p-wave state because s-wave state is not normalizable. On the other hand, in the scalar order model, the ground state is in thes-wave. The angle dependent gap function is explicitly constructed in these models. We also suggest the modified ansatz of the vector order which enables to discuss the orderpx±ipygap. We have also analytically investigated the critical temperature and the behavior of the gap near there. Interestingly, for the fixed conformal dimension of the Cooper pair operator,the critical temperature in vector model is higher than that of the scalar model.
Labour market uncertainty after the irruption of COVID-19
Authors: Claveria Oscar , Sorić Petar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the evolution of labour market uncertainty after the irruption of the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries. Since uncertainty is not directly observable, we use two alternative methods to directly approximate it. Both approaches are based on qualitative expectations elicited form the consumer survey conducted by the European Commission. On the one hand, following (Dibiasi and Iselin in Empir Econ 61:2113–2141, 2021), we use the share of consumers unable to formalise expectations about unemployment (Knightian-type uncertainty). On the other, we use the geometric discrepancy indicator proposed by (Claveria in Empirica 48:483–505, 2021) to quantify the proportion of disagreement in business and consumer expectations. We find that both uncertainty measures covary across the 22 European countries analysed. Although we observe differences in the evolution across countries, in most cases the perception of labour market uncertainty peaked before the outbreak of the crisis, plummeted during the first months of the lockdown, and started rising again. When testing for cointegration with the unemployment rate, we find that both indicators exhibit a long-term relationship with unemployment in most countries. The impact of both indicators on unemployment is characterised by considerable asymmetries, showing a more intense reaction to decreases in the level of labour market uncertainty. While this finding may seem counterintuitive at first sight, it somehow reflects the fact that during recessive periods, the level of disagreement in consumer unemployment expectations drops considerably.