bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Incorporated in Paddy Soil for Brown Planthopper Resurgence, 1978
Authors: Chelliah S. , Heinrichs E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen day-old rice seedlings were planted In porcelain pots at the rate of 2 seedlings/pot at the IRRI laboratory in Manila. When the plants were 35 and 47 days old granular formulations of insecticides were soil incorporated at the rate of 1.0 and 0.5 kg ai/ha. Plants were placed in an insectary where the tempera-ture (27 t 1°C), relative humidity (60-80%) and photoperiod (12 b) were controlled. Thirty days after the second application of granules, when insecticides no longer caused insect mortality 2 gravid brown planthoppers (BPH) were released/potted plant and confined for 7 days. Four replicates were maintained/treatment. After 7 days the hoppers were removed and the nymphs hatching from the plants counted. Reproductive rate of the BPH was assessed through the number of nymphs hatched. Resurgence was related to the reproductive rate of the BPH.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funk’s G522DR seed was planted by conventional tillage methods in Cecil clay soil on Jul 17" 79 (Test 1). Funk’s G399DR seed was planted in Cecil clay soil by minimum tillage methods behind millet on Jul 30’79 (Test 2). A total of 11.04 cm of rain fell between planting and termination of Test 1; 9.02 cm of this total fell between planting and treatment applications. Rainfall amounts of 2.04 cm fell between planting and termination of Test 2 with all but 0.02 cm of this occurring after treatment. All plots were 6.1 m × 3 rows (1-m spacing) and separated by 1 untreated row or 1-m untreated alleys. Treatments were applied at plant emergence with a Gandy Ro-Bander or a compressed-air sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal HoO/ acre. Both tests incorporated a RCB design with 3 (Test 2) or 4 (Test 1) replicates. Control was evaluated 1 and 3 wk after treatment by counting plants killed or stunted by lesser cornstalk borers within a 3-m section of the middle row of each plot.
Contact Toxicity of Az1Nphosmethyl and Monocrotophos To 3Rd Stage F] Progeny Of Field-Collected Scb Populations: Insecticide Resistance Screening, 1978
Authors: Flynn J. L. , Reagan T. E. , Hensley S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colonies of the SCB initially collected in the Fall (1978) from 2 South LA Sugarcane fields near Lockport and St. James (after seasonal insecticide applications had ceased) were maintained on a meredic diet in the laboratory. Responses of the 3rd stage F] larval progeny to topical application of two insecticides labeled for SCB Control in LA (azinphosmethyl and monocrotophos) were compared to (1) toxicity baseline data acquired previously from the 3rd stage F] progeny of a field collected SCB colony that had not been exposed to organophosphorous insecticides and (2) LD50 and LD90 values for 3rd stage F] larval progeny of comparable SCB colonies collected near St. James and Lockport during the fall of 1977. Six concentrations of azinphosmethyl and 5 of monocrotophos were evaluated by applying the required scalar dosage in acetone to individual groups of larvae. One ul of acetone and toxicant was applied to the thoracic surface of each larva with a shardlow micrometer equipped with a 1 ml alga syringe. All larvae were maintained individually in diet cups except during the time when toxicant was applied. Mortality counts were recorded 24 and 72 hr after treatment, however only the 72 hr counts were used for probit analyses and calculation of Ld-p lines (Daum R.J. ESA Bull. 16:10-15).
Boxwood Psyllid Control in Washington, 1977-78
Authors: Campbell R. Lee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants were selected on the basis of past damage. There were four single-plant repli-cates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Treatment dates were May 25 and June 7l77. Selected treatments were applied in a new trial on Apr 24'78 when nymphs were present. The treatments were evaluated by counting the number of live nymphs on 40 branch tips per replicate. Evaluation date for the first trial was April 14'78 and for the second trial May 4'78.
Euonymus, Euonymus Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Pilitt Dana R. , Neal John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Euonymus plants, 24 inches tall and well branched, with a natural infestation of euonymus scale, were dug in the field, potted the next day into 3-gallon plastic pots, and placed into a cold-frame to await crawler emergence. On June 9 and 12, plants were examined and crawlers were observed; the center of active infestation of each plant was marked with nursery tape. Groups of five infested plants were sprayed to runoff on June 14 with each rate of insecticide (0.25 and 0.50 lb ai to test for efficacy and 2.0 lb to test for phytotoxicity only) with a 3-gallon Hudson climax sprayer at full pressure. An additional group of 5 infested plants served as untreated checks. No detergent was added to the spray tanks on this treatment date. The weather was sunny with an ambient temperature of 60°F. Plants were moved back into cold-frames after spraying. Two weeks after the first spray, on June 28, a second application was made. In this case, 2 drops of Palmolive dishwashing liquid per gallon were added as a surfactant. At the time of this spraying it was sunny with an air temperature of 60°F. Three weeks after the first spray, untreated checks were sampled to determine the percent mortality of female scales. The number of living and dead in the first 100 female scales encountered on new growth was determined by using stereo-microscopes. Treated plants were examined 2 weeks after the second spray application by the same techniques.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oetring Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was initiated on Apr 26'79 to evaluate phytotoxicity on bedding plants treated with Knox Out, Vydate, and Vendex at the GA Mtn Exper Sta, Blairsville. A treatment plot consisted of a 6 plant pack of 9 species of bedding plants with individual plants rooted in 50 × 55 mm units filled with Metro Mix 220. Application was to the point of run-off with a hand CO2 sprayer at 30 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Two applications, at a 2 week interval (temperatures 27 C), were applied on plants maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Each treatment was observed weekly for phytotoxicity and was evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - not affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage - affect marketability, 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Insecticide Phytotoxicity on Bedding Plants, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oerting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment on insecticide phytotoxicity on bedding plants was initiated May 31'79 at the GA Exper Sta, Experiment. Treatment plots were 5 plants of each species rooted In Jiffy-7's planted in vermiculite in 28 × 56 cm poly-flats. Foliar sprays to the point of run-off of Pirimor, Orthene, and Knox Out were applied 3 times at 2 week intervals (temperatures ca 27 C) with a CO2 hand sprayer at 30 psi and utilizing an 8003 nozzle. Plants were observed weekly for phytotoxicity and evaluated on the overall appearance of the plants of each species compared to an untreated check on a scale of: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage - no affect marketability, 2 = moderate damage- affect marketability, and 3 = heavy damage - unmarketable.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Wild Plum, 1979
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern tent caterpillar control was evaluated with six insecticides on Apr 17'79. Wild plums 3 to 6 feet high located along a roadside outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma, were utilized in a randomized and replicated (4X) experiment. All of the treatments were foliar and webbing penetrating sprays applied with a two gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were separated by a suf-ficient distance to avoid spray drift. Temperature at the time of application was 69°F and the wind velocity was 5 to 8 mph. The plants were heavily infested with 50 to 100 larvae per web. Percent mortality was determined by counting the number of dead larvae in all webs on each plant.
Beetle Grub Control in Golf Course Turf, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied to a golf course fairway near Glenn Dale, Prince George's Co., Maryland. Turf damage at time of treatment was moderate to heavy with grub counts averaging 36/sq ft. Fairways were 5 years old with an average of 0.5 inch of thatch. Precounts and treatments were made on Aug 16. Treatment plots were 5 × 10 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 repli-cates. All granular treatments except F8945 were applied by hand shaker can. The F8945 granules were applied with a Scott's drop type spreader. Other liquid treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a hand sprinkling can. Plots received approximately 3.5 inch - 4 inches of rain between Aug 16 and Oct 11. Post treatment counts were made on Oct 11 by removing 4 random 7 × 7 × 3 inch squares from each plot and recording the number of grubs found in each square.
Toxicities of Topically Applied Insecticides To Douglas-Fur Tussock Moth, 1979
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Topical application assessments were performed to determine the toxicities of 13 insecticides to 4th instar Douglas-fir tussock moth. Insects were selected at random from the 8th generation of a laboratory colony. Eight concentrations of each chemical were serially diluted from a concentrated source prepared for each of three replications of each bioassay. Each chemical was applied in reagent grade acetone. Treatment was performed with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 0.25 cc tuberculin syringe. A dosage rate of 1 jul/100 mg body weight was used to apply the insecticide to the thoracic dorsa of C02-anesthefized larvae weighing 40-90 mg. After treatment, larvae were fed artificial diet. Mortality was tallied 7 days after treatment.
Pine Aphid and Mite Control By Soil Injection of Oxydemetonmethyl, 1971
Authors: Brown Leland R. , Eads Clark O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Near Perris, California light, sandy loam soil, planted with pines, was injected Apr 6'71 with oxydemetonmethyl using a Fumigun {Neil Maclean Co., Belmont, Calif.). The Monterey pine Christmas trees were heavily infested with aphids and the landscape aleppo pines with mites. At 6 inch above ground trunks of the Monterey pines averaged 2.5 inch diameter and the aleppo pines 8 Inch. The soil was well irrigated by sprinklers 2 days before treatment. At each 6 inch deep soil insertion the Fumigun delivered 10 ml (=1.2 gm ai) of 1:1 watenoxydemetonmethyl 2EC solution. Soil insertions were distributed 6-9 inch apart evenly around the tree, beginning at 18 inch from the trunk of the Monterey pines and 36 inch from the aleppo pine. Three Monterey pines and an aleppo pine were treated at a rate of 12 gm ai/inch trunk diameter and three other Montereys at a 6 gm rate. Untreated check trees included 6 Montereys and one aleppo pine. At each sampling date 10 pine growing tips per tree, collected at random in a plastic sack, were thoroughly agitated with one pint of 70 percent ethyl alcohol which, for aphid or mite counts, was poured in an 8 × 10 inch white photographic tray having parallel ridges in the bottom. Collections were made just before treatments and at various intervals afterward.
Pales and Northern Pine Weevil Control on Scots Pine, Carrollton, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Boggs J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial stand of Scots pine Christmas trees (1.8 - 2.4 m) partially harvested in 1977 was used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides. Four, 5-stump replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design were treated May 5 when ambient temperature was 7-10°C with overcast sky and slight rainfall. Hudson compression sprayers were used to apply ca. 180 ml finished spray (in kerosene) per stump. Beginning Aug 15, the 20 sprayed stumps from each treatment (5/each of 4 replicates) were inspected for chip cocoons following removal of bark to first lateral roots. No attempt was made to distinguish between pales and northern pine weevil chip cocoons.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scots Pine, Kirtland, Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2 acre block of 1.5-2 m tall Scots pine were used to evaluated efficacy of insecticides against first generation crawlers. Three randomly chosen, infested, single-tree replicates were used for each of the 4 treatments presented. A KWH misrblower operating at 420 ml/min was used to deliver insecticides as thorough-coverage, foliar sprays May 23 when all crawlers had hatched. Ambient temperature was 75°F (24°C) with partly cloudy skies and 5 kph (3 mph) breeze. Sampling was conducted 7 days post-treatment by detaching needle fascicles, placing them in coin envelopes, and transporting them to the laboratory. Fascicles were inspected for living and dead crawlers and settled nymphs. The first 100 individuals encountered on 3 or more fascicles were used in the evaluation.
Evaluation of Synthetic Sex Pheromone, 1979
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G. , Vick K. W. , Coffelt J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four bins (1.2 m × 1.2 m × 0.6 m) of cull figs containing a natural population of adult Indian meal moths (IMM) were obtained in July 1979 from Fresno, CA. The bins were placed 4.9 m apart down the center of a 7.3 by 35.5-m long warehouse, and Pherocon IC sticky traps were suspended 1 m above the floor, 2.4 m out from either side of the center line between the 1st and 2nd and between the 3rd and 4th bins. These traps were then baited with either 1) a measured quantity of the components [(Z,E)-9,!2-tetradecadien-l-ol acetate (ZETA) and/or (Z,E)-9,I2-tetradecadien-l-ol (ZETOH)] of the synthesized sex pheromone of the IMM (impregnated on a 1 cm2 piece of double thick vinyl coated fiberglass window screen) or 2) three unmated female IMM, 24-48 hr-old, placed in a 5 × 8 cm tefrahedral cage constructed of the same fiberglass screen and closed by heat sealing. A pheromone treated screen or a cage containing females was suspended from the top center of each trap. The traps were arranged in a randomized complete block design and re-arranged daily. Each replicate consisted of 4 trap nights. Female moths were replaced every 2 days, and fresh baits were used at the beginning of each replicate. The sticky trap liners were replaced daily, and the captured moths were sexed and counted. Median daily temperatures ranged from 22 to 26°C for test 1 and from 18 to 23° C for test 2. In test 1, the pheromone components were assayed singly or in combination; in test 2, doses of the combined pheromone components (ap-plied as 10-fold dilutions in hexane) were assayed. Each test was replicated 3 times.
Relative Toxicity and Residue Stability of Insecticides for Harvester Ant Control, 1979
Authors: Wagner Robert E. , Strawn Ann J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Residues of 10 insecticides were prepared, tested fresh and after I mo and 6 mo of aging against field collected harvester ant workers in replicated tests. Tests were run in 9 cm Petri dishes each with a 9 cm filter paper attached to the bottom by a fine peripheral bead of paraffin. Side walls of the dishes were coated with teflon emulsion to prevent the ants from escaping. A 5 replicate series of each toxicant and concentration was prepared by pipetting 0.5 ml of 1% or 0.5% water diluted Insecticide onto each filter paper and allowing them to dry for I da. The resulting residues were at the rate of ca 800 mg/m* for 1% and ca 400 ma/m** for 0.5% applications. Ants were collected from foraging trails just prior to each test and were continuously exposed in groups of 10-20 workers/replicate until KD-90 minutes were reached. If mortality occurred in control dishes before KD-90's were reached on residues, mortality for each replicate was corrected with Abbott's formula.
Cattle, House Fly Control in Bovine Manurewith Oral Insecticide Treatments, 1978
Authors: Williams Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight Hereford heifers weighing 300-350 kg were used in this study. Treatments, each using 2 heifers, consisted of CGA 72662, an insect growth inhibitor, fed at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg of animal body weight per day and Rabon oral larvicide fed at 1.5 mg/kg of animal body weight per day. A fourth group of 2 heifers served as untreated controls. The feed mixes fed were prepared by thoroughly mixing the appropriate amounts of CGA 72662 (3% premix) and Rabon oral larvicide (7.76% premix) with a feed mixture con-taining 7 parts cracked corn and 1 part supplement in a Hobart mixer. Trie heifers were penned separately and individually fed at a rate of 3.6 kg of mixed ration per day. Beginning Sept 18, cattle were fed untreated feed the first week, treated feed the second week, and untreated feed again the third week. Manure samples were taken at days 1,3,5 and 7 before, during and after feeding the treated feed. Portions of each sample were placed in two 118 ml plastic cups. Each cup was seeded with 10 first-instar laboratory reared house fly larval, fitted with fine mesh screen, and held for 3 weeks for adult emergence.
Acaricide Screening for Control of Psoroptic Mites, 1979
Authors: Wright F. C. , Riner J. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Normally, common scabies mites, Psoroptes ovis (Hering), were obtained from Government-owned cattle for acaricide tests. During the summer months when these mites were not available, we used Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond) taken from the ears of rabbits for these tests. Approximately 20 to 25 mites (adults or nymphs) were put In "tea bags" (2.5 cm^) made from heat-sealable rice paper (Wright and Riner, 1979. Southwest. Entomol. 4:40-45). The 64 acaricides were tested as technical materials formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) containing 25% active ingredient, 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100 or as company supplied emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powders. Because of solubility problems, some were formulated as 10 or 20% EC’s in xylene: Triton X-100 or in mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, xylene, and Triton X-100. Three bags containing mites were dipped in each concentration of the acaricides for 30 sec and then were allowed to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity. Mites that served as controls were dipped in dilute solvent and emulsifier at concentrations equivalent to those used in the acaricide emulsions. The bags were opened 24 hours post treatment, and the mites were observed with the aid of a dissecting microscope and scored as dead or alive. Mites scored as dead were immobile or had only feeble leg movement. Mites scored as alive were able to travel normally. The highest concentration of acaricide tested was 0.1%. If 100% kill was obtained at 0.1%, more dilute concentrations (0.01%, 0.001%, 0.0001% …) were tested until mortality was less than 100%. Compounds were rated on the basis of the scoring as:
Control of Adult Manure Breeding Flies in High Rise Poultry Houses With Ectiban, 1979
Authors: Collison Clarence H. , Thompson Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two high rise poultry houses located in Lancaster Co., PA were used to evaluate residual wall treatments of Ectiban (permerhrin) for controlling adult manure breeding flies. Single applications of 0.1% Ectiban were applied by a hand held compressed air sprayer to the manure pit walls of each house at a rate of 1 gal/^50 sq ft. Alternating 750 sq ft sections were treated. Changes in adult fly populations were monitored by counting the number of flies resting within marked areas on the walls in both treated and untreated sections of the pit and upper level of the building where the birds were housed. The house at Rheems, PA was 400 × 52 ft and housed 60,000 caged layers. The flock had been in place since February and no fly control measures had been taken. A total of 5 gal of spray was applied to 52% of the wall area in the manure pit on Jun 22. The 8 ft high pit walls had cinder blocks on the lower half and unpainted wood paneling above. The upper area where the birds were housed was not sprayed but was treated with 10 to 15 lb of Improved Golden Malrin (Lannate) fly bait at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-treatment. The manure pit was cleaned Aug 6-8. House flies comprised 20% and Ophyra sp. 80% of the adult fly population. The house at Ephrata, PA was 500 × 44 ft and housed 45,000 caged layers. The flock had been in place since November and the pit was cleaned in April. Ten days prior to the Ectiban treatment, the aisles in the upper level were baited with Improved Golden Malrin (Lannate) and the manure surface was sprayed with Shell Poultry Spray & Larvicide (Rabon + Vapona) 2-1/2 weeks prior to treatment. On Aug 14, a total of 4 gal of Ectiban spray was applied to 42% of the wall area in the manure pit. The 8 ft high pit walls had cinder blocks on the lower half and plywood above which was painted with white latex paint. House flies comprised 99% an^ Ophyra sp. 1% of the adult fly population.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Swift Fred C . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The materials were applied with an airblast sprayer, ca.4 gal/tree, to 15 - yr - old apple trees, cultivars Red Delicious and Stayman. Each treatment was applie dt o 12 trees, 2 replicates of 3 trees of each variety, with the plots arranged in a randomized block design. Treatments were made on May 10 (petal - fall). May 29, Jun 14, 26, Jul 20, and Aug 9. Captan 50W, 2lb formulation/100 gal, was applied in each of the first 4 sprays for apple scab control. Polyran 80W, 2lb, was applied on Jul 20 and Aug 9, and Manzate 200, 1lb, on Sep 4, for control of apple scab and summer diseases. European red mite, predator mite, and eggs and larvae of S. punctum were sampled by randomly picking 25 leaves from 2 to 6 trees, pooling the leavesfromeach tree, then rushing theorganismsont counting them withthe aid of a dissecting microscopred mite were not in cluded in the analysis. Appleaphidpopulations wer the numberoflive aphids on 10 infested terminals on each of 4 Stayman trees. White apple leafhoppers were counted on 100 Stayman leaves, 25 leaves from 4 trees.Thenumberof spotted tentiform leafminerminesobservedduring a 3-minperiod was recorded for 4 Stayman trees. Number of injured frutat harvest was recorded for all trees,butonly the Stayman data are reported.