bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Wiroonpan Pichit , Chontananarth Thapana , Chai Jong-Yil , Purivirojkul Watchariya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated diversity, infective situations, morphological features and phylogenetic relationships of the metacercariae in freshwater snails from Bangkok between March 2018 and February 2020. Crushing and dissection techniques were performed to explore the metacercariae in the snail hosts. Polymerase chain reaction was implemented to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S ribosomal DNA and ITS2 regions of metacercarial DNA. A total of 3173 of all 21 707 snails showed infections with metacercariae, representing a relatively high infective prevalence (14.62%) compared to earlier research. All infected snails belonged to 14 species/subspecies. A group of viviparid snails exhibited the highest metacercarial infections (26.10–82.18%). We found metacercariae with seven morphological groups. Five of them can be stated as new records of the metacercariae in Thailand, indicating a broader spectrum of larval trematode diversity. Our phylogenetic assessments established that five of the seven morphological groups can be molecularly classified into different taxonomic levels of digenean trematodes. Echinostome A metacercariae revealed the highest infective prevalence (7.15%), and their sequence data were conspecific with a sequence of Echinostoma mekongki, which is a human intestinal fluke; this finding denotes the distribution and suggests epidemiological surveillance of this medically important fluke in Bangkok and adjacent areas. However, two groups of Opisthorchiata-like and renicolid metacercariae remain unclear as to their narrow taxonomic status, although their molecular properties were considered. For more understanding about trematode transmissions in ecosystems, both physical and biological factors may be further analysed to consider the factors that relate to and contribute to trematode infections.
Processing syntactic and semantic information in the L2: Evidence for differential cue-weighting in the L1 and L2
Authors: Deniz Nazik Dinçtopal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated how second language speakers use syntactic and semantic cues in processing complex sentences. Turkish speakers of English, native speakers of English and native speakers of Turkish participated in a self-paced reading experiment, a read-aloud task and a pen-and-paper questionnaire in their relevant languages. The participants’ working memory capacity was also measured. The results supported the primacy of syntax view for native speakers of Turkish and English (Frazier & Fodor, 1978). Both groups of native speakers primarily used syntactic cues in their on-line decisions; semantic information influenced later decisions only. The second language speakers, however, used semantic cues in both their initial and later decisions, with evidence for accessing complex syntactic representations. The results are taken to support the view that native and non-native speakers weight linguistic cues differentially (Cunnings, 2017). The potential reasons for differential cue-retrieval in the first and second language are discussed.
Effects of Hot Protons on the Pitch Angle Scattering of Ring Current Protons by EMIC Waves
Authors: Zhu Qi , Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Gu Xudong , Ma Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVia cyclotron resonant interactions, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in the loss of ring current protons. In this study, by calculating the proton bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients using both the cold and hot plasma dispersion relations, we investigate the effects of hot protons on the EMIC wave‐induced scattering loss of ring current protons. Our results show that, for H+ band (He+ band) EMIC waves, inclusion of hot protons results in significant decrease of pitch angle diffusion coefficients of ∼10–60 keV (4–30 keV) protons, while the scattering efficiency of higher energy protons increases at low pitch angles and decreases at relatively high pitch angles. We also find that the cold plasma approximation seriously underestimates the loss timescales of protons at energies from a few keV to tens of keV but overestimate that of higher energy protons. The differences in proton loss timescales caused by hot protons are generally less than a factor of ∼5 for H+ band but can exceed an order of magnitude for He+ band, showing a strong dependence on the hot proton concentration and temperature anisotropy and L‐shell. This study confirms that effects of hot protons play a crucial role in the EMIC wave driven loss of ring current protons and should be included in future modeling of ring current dynamics.
The Potential of 233U/236U as a Water Mass Tracer in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chamizo E. , Christl M. , López‐Lora M. , Casacuberta N. , Wefing A.‐M. , Kenna T. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explores for the first time the possibilities that the 233U/236U atom ratio offers to distinguish waters of Atlantic or Pacific origin in the Arctic Ocean. Atlantic waters entering the Arctic Ocean often carry an isotopic signature dominantly originating from European reprocessing facilities with some smaller contribution from global fallout nuclides, whereas northern Pacific waters are labeled with nuclides released during the atmospheric nuclear testing period only. In the Arctic Ocean, 233U originates from global fallout while 236U carries both, a global fallout and a prominent nuclear reprocessing signal. Thus, the 233U/236U ratio provides a tool to identify water masses with distinct U sources. In this work, 233U and 236U were analyzed in samples from the GN01 GEOTRACES expedition to the western Arctic Ocean in 2015. The study of depth profiles and surface seawater samples shows that: (a) Pacific and Atlantic waters show enhanced signals of both radionuclides, which can be unraveled based on their 233U/236U signature; and (b) Deep and Bottom Waters show extremely low 233U and 236U concentrations close to or below analytical detection limits with isotopic ratios distinct from known anthropogenic U sources. The comparably high 233U/236U ratios are interpreted as a relative increase of naturally occurring 233U and 236U and thus for gradually reaching natural 233U/236U levels in the deep Arctic Ocean. Our results set the basis for future studies using the 233U/236U ratio to distinguish anthropogenic and pre‐anthropogenic U in the Arctic Ocean and beyond.
Machine‐Learned HASDM Thermospheric Mass Density Model With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Licata Richard J. , Mehta Piyush M. , Tobiska W. Kent , Huzurbazar S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA thermospheric neutral mass density model with robust and reliable uncertainty estimates is developed based on the Space Environment Technologies (SET) High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) density database. This database, created by SET, contains 20 years of outputs from the U.S. Space Force's HASDM, which currently represents the state of the art for density and drag modeling. We utilize principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, which creates the coefficients upon which nonlinear machine‐learned (ML) regression models are trained. These models use three unique loss functions: Mean square error (MSE), negative logarithm of predictive density (NLPD), and continuous ranked probability score. Three input sets are also tested, showing improved performance when introducing time histories for geomagnetic indices. These models leverage Monte Carlo dropout to provide uncertainty estimates, and the use of the NLPD loss function results in well‐calibrated uncertainty estimates while only increasing error by 0.25% (<10% mean absolute error) relative to MSE. By comparing the best HASDM‐ML model to the HASDM database along satellite orbits, we found that the model provides robust and reliable density uncertainties over diverse space weather conditions. A storm‐time comparison shows that HASDM‐ML also supplies meaningful uncertainty estimates during extreme geomagnetic events.
Low Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide at High Pressure: Implications for Icy Planetary Interiors
Authors: Shieh Sean R. , Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Tsao Yi‐Chih , Crisostomo Christian , Hsu Han 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide is commonly found in terrestrial planets and its thermal property is relevant to the dynamics and evolution of those terrestrial planets. In this work, we combine time‐domain thermoreflectance measurements and first‐principles calculations to determine the thermal conductivity of CO2 up to 70 GPa at room temperature. Our results show that the thermal conductivity of liquid CO2 is ∼0.22 W m−1 K−1 at 0.3–0.5 GPa and increases to ∼0.28 W m−1 K−1 when the liquid CO2 transforms into molecular solid phase I (dry ice). Upon further compression, the mean value of thermal conductivity of phase I increases to 1.4–2.1 W m−1 K−1 at ∼10 GPa and then slightly drops across the phase I‐III boundary. Phase III exhibits a gentle increase of thermal conductivity with pressure and reaches to a maximum value of ∼4 W m−1 K−1 at ∼45 GPa, but shows an abrupt drop when transforming into a non‐molecular amorphous solid. The pressure evolution of CO2 thermal conductivity across different phases may have significant implications for the heat flow and temperature distribution in the interiors of planets and moons containing CO2.
A count-based decision method for target blood pressure achievement in home blood pressure monitoring data interpretation for clinical practices
Authors: Shin Jinho , Lee Yonggu , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Shin Jeong-Hun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Byung-Sik , Park Hwan-Cheol , Lim Young-Hyo , Park Jin-Kyu , Heo Ran , Kim Woo-Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHome blood pressure (HBP) is useful to decide whether blood pressure (BP) is controlled. However, applying HBP to daily clinical practices is still challenging without easy access to the average HBP. Therefore, we developed a simple method to make a quick decision regarding the controlledness of HBP through high BP counts. We simulated 100 cases of HBP series for each combination of 3 numbers of BP readings (K = 16, 20, 24) and 4 levels of the standard deviations (SDs = 5, 10, 15, 20). A high BP was defined as an individual BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg, and an uncontrolled HBP was defined as a mean HBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg. Validation for the decision method was conducted using actual HBP data. The C-statistics and the accuracy of the high BP counts for the uncontrolled HBP were generally high (> 0.85) for all combinations of Ks and SDs and decreased as SDs increased but remained steady as Ks increased. In validation, the C-statistic of the high BP count-to-total BP reading (C/T) ratio was 0.985, and the C/T ratio ≥ 0.5 showed a sensitivity of 0.957, a specificity of 0.907, and an accuracy of 0.927. The count-based decision method can provide an accurate quick assessment of the controlledness of HBP.
An enhanced two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) C–H diamond with positive surface charge model for advanced normally-off MOSFET devices
Authors: Alhasani Reem , Yabe Taichi , Iyama Yutaro , Oi Nobutaka , Imanishi Shoichiro , Nguyen Quang Ngoc , Kawarada Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThough the complementary power field effect transistors (FETs), e.g., metal–oxide–semiconductor-FETs (MOSFETs) based on wide bandgap materials, enable low switching losses and on-resistance, p-channel FETs are not feasible in any wide bandgap material other than diamond. In this paper, we propose the first work to investigate the impact of fixed positive surface charge density on achieving normally-off and controlling threshold voltage operation obtained on p-channel two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) hydrogen-terminated (C-H) diamond FET using nitrogen doping in the diamond substrate. In general, a p-channel diamond MOSFET demonstrates the normally-on operation, but the normally-off operation is also a critical requirement of the feasible electronic power devices in terms of safety operation. The characteristics of the C–H diamond MOSFET have been analyzed with the two demonstrated charge sheet models using the two-dimensional Silvaco Atlas TCAD. It shows that the fixed-Fermi level in the bulk diamond is 1.7 eV (donor level) from the conduction band minimum. However, the upward band bending has been obtained at Al2O3/SiO2/C-H diamond interface indicating the presence of inversion layer without gate voltage. The fixed negative charge model exhibits a strong inversion layer for normally-on FET operation, while the fixed positive charge model shows a weak inversion for normally-off operation. The maximum current density of a fixed positive interface charge model of the Al2O3/C-H diamond device is − 290 mA/mm, which corresponds to that of expermental result of Al2O3/SiO2/C-H diamond − 305 mA/mm at a gate-source voltage of − 40 V. Also, the threshold voltage Vth is relatively high at Vth = − 3.5 V, i.e., the positive charge model can reproduce the normally-off operation. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the Vth and transconductance gm correspond to those of the experimental work.
Usefulness of presepsin for the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with C-reactive protein and procalcitonin
Authors: Amanai Erika , Nakai Kishiko , Saito Junichi , Hashiba Eiji , Miura Takuya , Morohashi Hajime , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Mikami Akio , Hakamada Kenichi , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfectious complications remain a major clinical problem in colorectal surgery. Presepsin has been reported to be a useful marker to diagnose sepsis, similar or superior to procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of presepsin in the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with CRP and PCT. This study was a prospective observational study. Patients of age > 18 who underwent elective colon resections were enrolled. Blood samples were collected just before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 to measure plasma levels of biomarkers. We evaluated the association between circulating biomarkers and infections. A total of 114 patients were examined, and 27 patients (23.7%) developed infectious complications. CRP and PCT markedly increased from POD 1 to POD 3 and then gradually decreased toward POD 6 in both groups, but the trends of the decrease in the infected group were blunt, compared with those in the non-infected group. On the other hand, presepsin did not show major changes just after surgery, but it increased on POD 4 and POD 6, when the complications occurred. Monitoring the presepsin trends after colorectal surgeries could be helpful to detect postoperative infectious complications.Trial registration: UMIN000025313. Registered on 17 December 2016.
Altered small-world property of a dynamic metabolic network in murine left hippocampus after exposure to acute stress
Authors: Lee Min-Hee , Hwang Yoon Ho , Yun Chang-Soo , Han Bong Soo , Kim Dong Youn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe acute stress response is a natural and fundamental reaction that balances the physiological conditions of the brain. To maintain homeostasis in the brain, the response is based on changes over time in hormones and neurotransmitters, which are related to resilience and can adapt successfully to acute stress. This increases the need for dynamic analysis over time, and new approaches to examine the relationship between metabolites have emerged. This study investigates whether the constructed metabolic network is a realistic or a random network and is affected by acute stress. While the metabolic network in the control group met the criteria for small-worldness at all time points, the metabolic network in the stress group did not at some time points, and the small-worldness had resilience after the fifth time point. The backbone metabolic network only met the criteria for small-worldness in the control group. Additionally, creatine had lower local efficiency in the stress group than the control group, and for the backbone metabolic network, creatine and glutamate were lower and higher in the stress group than the control group, respectively. These findings provide evidence of metabolic imbalance that may be a pre-stage of alterations to brain structure due to acute stress.
Investigating the mechanism underlying urinary continence using dynamic MRI after Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kadono Yoshifumi , Nohara Takahiro , Kawaguchi Shohei , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Iijima Masashi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Yoshida Kotaro , Gabata Toshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRetzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) exhibits better postoperative urinary continence than conventional RARP (C-RARP) via the anterior approach. However, the reasons behind this are unknown. Herein, early postoperative urinary incontinence and anatomical differences of 51 propensity score-matched C-RARP and RS-RARP cases were compared. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before and after surgery to examine the pelvic anatomical changes under abdominal pressure. The median urine loss ratios in the early postoperative period after C-RARP and RS-RARP were 11.0% and 1.0%, respectively. Postoperative MRI revealed that the anterior bladder wall was fixed in a higher position after RS-RARP compared with its position after C-RARP. Dynamic MRI after C-RARP showed that cephalocaudal compression of the bladder while applying abdominal pressure caused the membranous urethra to expand and the urine to flow out. After RS-RARP, the rectum moved forward during abdominal pressure, and the membranous urethra was compressed by closure from behind. This is the first study using dynamic MRI to reveal the importance of high attachment of the anterior bladder wall for the urethral closure mechanism during abdominal pressure. RS-RARP, which can completely preserve this mechanism, is less likely to cause stress urinary incontinence compared with C-RARP.
High-throughput exploration of halide perovskite compositionally-graded films and degradation mechanisms
Authors: Moradi Shahram , Kundu Soumya , Rezazadeh Milad , Yeddu Vishal , Voznyy Oleksandr , Saidaminov Makhsud I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe conventional approach to search for new materials is to synthesize a limited number of candidates. However, this approach might delay or prevent the discovery of better-performing materials due to the narrow composition space explored. Here, we fabricate binary alloy films with a composition gradient in a single shot in less than one minute. We apply this approach to study the stability of halide perovskites. We synthesize all possible binary compositions from MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 and then study their optical properties, structure, and environmental stability in a high-throughput manner. We find that perovskite alloys experience three different degradation mechanisms depending on halogen content: bromine-rich perovskites degrade by hydration, iodine-rich perovskites by the loss of the organic component, and all other intermediate alloys by phase segregation. The proposed method offers an avenue for discovering new materials and processing parameters for a wide range of applications that rely on compositional engineering.
Relocating croplands could drastically reduce the environmental impacts of global food production
Authors: Beyer Robert M. , Hua Fangyuan , Martin Philip A. , Manica Andrea , Rademacher Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgricultural production has replaced natural ecosystems across the planet, becoming a major driver of carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and freshwater consumption. Here we combined global crop yield and environmental data in a ~1-million-dimensional mathematical optimisation framework to determine how optimising the spatial distribution of global croplands could reduce environmental impacts whilst maintaining current crop production levels. We estimate that relocating current croplands to optimal locations, whilst allowing ecosystems in then-abandoned areas to regenerate, could simultaneously decrease the current carbon, biodiversity, and irrigation water footprint of global crop production by 71%, 87%, and 100%, respectively, assuming high-input farming on newly established sites. The optimal global distribution of crops is largely similar for current and end-of-century climatic conditions across emission scenarios. Substantial impact reductions could already be achieved by relocating only a small proportion of worldwide crop production, relocating croplands only within national borders, and assuming less intensive farming systems.
Relationship between bacterial phylotype and specialized metabolite production in the culturable microbiome of two freshwater sponges
Authors: Clark Chase M , Hernandez Antonio , Mullowney Michael W , Fitz-Henley Jhewelle , Li Emma , Romanowski Sean B , Pronzato Roberto , Manconi Renata , Sanchez Laura M , Murphy Brian T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microbial drug discovery programs rely heavily on accessing bacterial diversity from the environment to acquire new specialized metabolite (SM) lead compounds for the therapeutic pipeline. Therefore, knowledge of how commonly culturable bacterial taxa are distributed in nature, in addition to the degree of variation of SM production within those taxa, is critical to informing these front-end discovery efforts and making the overall sample collection and bacterial library creation process more efficient. In the current study, we employed MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the bioinformatics pipeline IDBac to analyze diversity within phylotype groupings and SM profiles of hundreds of bacterial isolates from two Eunapius fragilis freshwater sponges, collected 1.5 km apart. We demonstrated that within two sponge samples of the same species, the culturable bacterial populations contained significant overlap in approximate genus-level phylotypes but mostly nonoverlapping populations of isolates when grouped lower than the level of genus. Further, correlations between bacterial phylotype and SM production varied at the species level and below, suggesting SM distribution within bacterial taxa must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Our results suggest that two E. fragilis freshwater sponges collected in similar environments can exhibit large culturable diversity on a species-level scale, thus researchers should scrutinize the isolates with analyses that take both phylogeny and SM production into account to optimize the chemical space entering into a downstream bacterial library.