bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Among Cognition, Frailty, and Falls and Self‐Reported Incident Fractures: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Lee Ahreum , McArthur Caitlin , Ioannidis George , Adachi Jonathan D. , Griffith Lauren E. , Thabane Lehana , Giangregorio Lora , Morin Suzanne N. , Leslie William D. , Lee Justin , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCognition, frailty, and falls have been examined independently as potential correlates of fracture risk, but not simultaneously. Our objective was to explore the association between cognition, frailty, and falls and self‐reported incident fractures to determine if these factors show significant independent associations or interactions. We included participants who completed the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) 2012–2015 baseline comprehensive assessment, did not experience any self‐reported fractures in the year prior to cohort recruitment, and completed the follow‐up questionnaire at year 3 (n = 26,982). We compared all baseline cognitive measures available in the CLSA, the Rockwood Frailty Index (FI), and presence of self‐reported falls in the past 12 months in those with versus without self‐reported incident fractures in year 3 of follow‐up. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates and examined two‐way interactions between cognition, frailty, and prior falls. CLSA specified analytic weights were applied. The mean ± standard error (SE) age of participants was 59.5 ± 0.1 years and 52.2% were female. A total of 715 participants (2.7%) self‐reported incident fractures at 3‐year follow‐up. Participants who experienced incident fractures had similar baseline cognition scores (mean ± SE; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]: Immediate recall 6.1 ± 0.1 versus 5.9 ± 0.0; standardized difference [d] 0.124); higher FI scores (mean ± SE; FI 0.134 ± 0.005 versus 0.116 ± 0.001; d 0.193), and a greater percentage had fallen in the past 12 months (weighted n [%] 518 [7.2] versus 919 [3.5]; d 0.165). FI (each increment of 0.08) was associated with a significantly increased risk of self‐reported incident fractures in participants of all ages and those aged 65 years or older (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence limit [CL] 1.10–1.40; adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CL 1.11–1.52, respectively). The adjusted odds for self‐reported incident fractures in participants of all ages was also significantly associated with falls in the past 12 months prior to baseline (adjusted OR 1.83; 95% CL 1.13–2.97), but not in those aged 65 years or older. No interactions between cognition, frailty, and prior falls were found. However, considering the relatively young age of our cohort, it may be appropriate to make strong inferences in individuals older than 65 years of age. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlation between platelet‐derived growth factor‐B gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease
Authors: Lu Yaru , Liu Hui , Dong Bo , Yang Jingyu , Kou Lu , Qin Qin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectThe aim of the present work was to investigate the correlation of plasma platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB level and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs1800817 and rs2285094) of PDGF‐B gene with the onset and stability condition of coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsTotally, 335 subjects were included in and divided into CHD (n = 247) and control group (n = 88) according to coronary angiography. Besides, the patients in the CHD group were divided into acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group (n = 165) and stable angina pectoria (SAP) group (n = 82), based on CHD stability condition. The plasma PDGF‐BB level was measured by ELISA, and the genotype of PDGF‐B was examined through qPCR assay.ResultsThe PDGF‐BB level was positively correlated with hsCRP level (r = 0.149, p < 0.05). The genotype frequencies of SNP rs1800817 and rs2285094 match Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was weak linkage disequilibrium between SNP rs1800817 and rs2285094: D′ = 0.419, r2 = 0.04, which has no correlation with CHD. There was no statistical difference in plasma PDGF‐BB level among different genotypes in rs1800817 and rs2285094. There were no differences in the plasma PDGF‐BB level among patients with any genotype of SNP rs1800817 and rs2285094, no matter how it was grouped. Logistic regression results indicated that the plasma PDGF‐BB level was the independent risk factor of CHD onset (OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.006, p = 0.014).ConclusionsHigh plasma PDGF‐BB level is the risk factor of CHD and has correlation with instability of CHD. The plasma PDGF‐BB level change may be related to inflammatory response. PDGF‐B gene rs1800817 and rs2285094 polymorphisms are not correlated with CHD.
Comparative Risks of Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chan Linda , Mok Anna Hoi Ying , Wang Yuan , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThrough examining the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) users and nonusers, this study aims to compare the risks contributed by different NSAIDs in a Chinese population. The retrospective cohort including 4 298 368 adults without CVD from electronic health records between 2008 and 2017 in Hong Kong was adopted. A total of 4.5% of individuals received NSAIDs including celecoxib, etoricoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, or naproxen for ≥4 consecutive weeks at baseline. Cox regression, including NSAID use as a time‐dependent covariate and adjusted with patient's characteristics, was conducted to examine the association between NSAID exposure and incident CVD. After a median follow‐up of 6.9 years (30 million person‐years), a total of 258 601 cases of incident CVD was recorded. NSAID use was shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95%CI, 1.28–1.37]) compared to non‐NSAID use. Similar results in coronary heart disease (HR, 1.37 [95%CI, 1.31–1.43]), stroke (HR, 1.27 [95%CI, 1.21–1.33]), and heart failure (HR, 1.25 [95%CI, 1.16–1.34]) were obtained. Overall, similar CVD risk was observed across users of NSAIDs except for etoricoxib, which showed a higher risk (HR, 2.01 [95%CI, 1.63–2.48]). Considering that a higher CVD risk was consistently displayed among NSAID users, NSAIDs should be used cautiously, and the usage of etoricoxib in the Chinese population should be reviewed.
D3‐creatine dilution for skeletal muscle mass measurement: historical development and current status
Authors: McCarthy Cassidy , Schoeller Dale , Brown Justin C. , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Varanoske Alyssa N. , Cataldi Devon , Shepherd John , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul discovered creatine in meat two centuries ago. Extensive biochemical and physiological studies of this organic molecule followed with confirmation that creatine is found within the cytoplasm and mitochondria of human skeletal muscles. Two groups of investigators exploited these relationships five decades ago by first estimating the creatine pool size in vivo with 14C and 15N labelled isotopes. Skeletal muscle mass (kg) was then calculated by dividing the creatine pool size (g) by muscle creatine concentration (g/kg) measured on a single muscle biopsy or estimated from the literature. This approach for quantifying skeletal muscle mass is generating renewed interest with the recent introduction of a practical stable isotope (creatine‐(methyl‐d3)) dilution method for estimating the creatine pool size across the full human lifespan. The need for a muscle biopsy has been eliminated by assuming a constant value for whole‐body skeletal muscle creatine concentration of 4.3 g/kg wet weight. The current single compartment model of estimating creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass rests on four main assumptions: tracer absorption is complete; tracer is all retained; tracer is distributed solely in skeletal muscle; and skeletal muscle creatine concentration is known and constant. Three of these assumptions are false to varying degrees. Not all tracer is retained with urinary isotope losses ranging from 0% to 9%; an empirical equation requiring further validation is used to correct for spillage. Not all tracer is distributed in skeletal muscle with non‐muscle creatine sources ranging from 2% to 10% with a definitive value lacking. Lastly, skeletal muscle creatine concentration is not constant and varies between muscles (e.g. 3.89–4.62 g/kg), with diets (e.g. vegetarian and omnivore), across age groups (e.g. middle‐age, ~4.5 g/kg; old‐age, 4.0 g/kg), activity levels (e.g. athletes, ~5 g/kg) and in disease states (e.g. muscular dystrophies, <3 g/kg). Some of the variability in skeletal muscle creatine concentrations can be attributed to heterogeneity in the proportions of wet skeletal muscle as myofibres, connective tissues, and fat. These observations raise serious concerns regarding the accuracy of the deuterated‐creatine dilution method for estimating total body skeletal muscle mass as now defined by cadaver analyses of whole wet tissues and in vivo approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging. A new framework is needed in thinking about how this potentially valuable method for measuring the creatine pool size in vivo can be used in the future to study skeletal muscle biology in health and disease.
Necroptosis is associated with Rab27‐independent expulsion of extracellular vesicles containing RIPK3 and MLKL
Authors: Gupta Kartik , Brown Kyle A. , Hsieh Marvin L. , Hoover Brandon M. , Wang Jianxin , Khoury Mitri K. , Pilli Vijaya Satish Sekhar , Beyer Reagan S. H. , Voruganti Nihal R. , Chaudhary Sahil , Roberts David S. , Murphy Regina M. , Hong Seungpyo , Ge Ying , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV) secretion is an important mechanism used by cells to release biomolecules. A common necroptosis effector—mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL)—was recently found to participate in the biogenesis of small and large EVs independent of its function in necroptosis. The objective of the current study is to gain mechanistic insights into EV biogenesis during necroptosis. Assessing EV number by nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed an increased number of EVs released during necroptosis. To evaluate the nature of such vesicles, we performed a newly adapted, highly sensitive mass spectrometry‐based proteomics on EVs released by healthy or necroptotic cells. Compared to EVs released by healthy cells, EVs released during necroptosis contained a markedly higher number of unique proteins. Receptor interacting protein kinase‐3 (RIPK3) and MLKL were among the proteins enriched in EVs released during necroptosis. Further, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from mice deficient of Rab27a and Rab27b showed diminished basal EV release but responded to necroptosis with enhanced EV biogenesis as the wildtype MEFs. In contrast, necroptosis‐associated EVs were sensitive to Ca2+ depletion or lysosomal disruption. Neither treatment affected the RIPK3‐mediated MLKL phosphorylation. An unbiased screen using RIPK3 immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry on necroptotic EVs led to the identification of Rab11b in RIPK3 immune‐complexes. Our data suggests that necroptosis switches EV biogenesis from a Rab27a/b dependent mechanism to a lysosomal mediated mechanism.
Clinical spectrum and outcome of nine patients with a novel genetic variant of galactosialidosis in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Alsahlawi Zahra , Aljishi Emtithal , Kheyami Ammar , Alekri Ahmed , Alwedaie Sayed Mohammed Jawad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGalactosialidosis (GS, OMIM #256540) is a systemic autosomal recessive disorder that is due to a mutation in the cathepsin A (CTSA) gene. Its worldwide prevalence is rare, accounting for ~146 cases reported cases globally. In Bahrain alone, nine cases have been confirmed. This article aims to shed a light on the clinical spectrum and outcome of these nine patients who share the same novel genetic mutation. The article was written retrospectively based on the review of patients' medical records, which included clinical notes, biochemical, radiological, and genetic assessments. Analysis of the data from all nine patients revealed that the diagnosis was most commonly made at the early years of life. As expected from any systemic disorder, the disease affects multiple organ systems with musculoskeletal and the gastrointestinal system being most commonly involved. Short stature, skeletal deformities, coarse facial features, and different degrees of hepatomegaly are among initial presentations of the disease. Notably, one of the patients described in this article, developed severe form of cardiomyopathy and another one, presented with nonimmune hydrops fetalis, both of which considered rare occurrences in the context of GS. Genetically, all patients had the similar genetic mutation confirmed by laboratory tests. A few patients have had their diagnoses made based upon family history alone.
Histomorphological stratification of blubber of three dolphin species from subtropical waters
Authors: Roussouw Natasha , van Vliet Tara , Naidoo Kristina , Rossouw Gideon , Plön Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBlubber is a highly specialized and dynamic tissue unique to marine mammals and presents a reflection of the individuals' nutrition, environment, and life history traits. Few studies have investigated the histomorphology of cetacean blubber in subtropical environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the blubber histomorphology of three different dolphin species off the subtropical KwaZulu‐Natal coast, South Africa, using adipocyte cell size, number, and density. Blubber tissue samples from the saddle area of 43 incidentally bycaught animals (four Sousa plumbea, 36 Tursiops aduncus, and three Delphinus delphis) were used to compare cell parameters between blubber layers. Samples were divided into the upper third (corresponding to the superficial layer closest to the epidermis), middle third, and lower third (corresponding to the deep layer). For T. aduncus, factors potentially affecting blubber histomorphology, such as sex, age class, and season, were also assessed. Our results showed that no stratification was present in S. plumbea, which could be ascribed to the species' warmer inshore habitat, large body size, and apparent lower mobility. For T. aduncus and D. capensis, however, blubber stratification was determined, characterized by a gradual transition of cell size, number, and density between layers rather than clearly defined layers. Significant differences in adipocyte cell number and density were found for different sexes and age classes of T. aduncus. However, there were no significant differences between seasons, which was attributed to the small temperature differences between seasons. This study represents the first investigation of odontocete blubber histomorphology in subtropical waters. It is recommended that future studies investigate blubber lipid content, while also taking into consideration the reproductive status of the females and the temperature range of their study area. It is hoped that our results, in conjunction with histopathology and other health indicators, could assist in assessing health and body condition.
Identification of steel corrosion associated with sulfate‐reducing bacteria by electrochemical noise technique
Authors: Permeh Samanbar , Lau Kingsley 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeterioration of steel structures in natural waters can result from microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) such as that caused by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB). Corrosion pits associated with MIC have been recently observed in submerged steel bridge piles and there is renewed interest to assess their deterioration. Conventional electrochemical techniques to identify MIC have been complicated due to the effects of the surface films and the mechanism for charge transfer by the bacteria on the steel surface. An electrochemical noise (EN) technique to identify steel corrosion in an aqueous solution has been developed and the method ideally can identify the onset of local pitting, but complications and limitations relating to data acquisition, filtering, and interpretation exist. EN analysis was shown to differentiate SRB and corrosion activity including initial biofilm development, pitting corrosion development, and diminution of SRB activity. Electrochemical behavior, environmental characteristics, SRB activity, and corrosion modality provided consistent correlation to EN and localized corrosion development.
Pain perception during electrodiagnostic studies and the impact of learners
Authors: Paiz Freddy , Midroni Gyl , Kassardjian Charles D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsElectrodiagnostic testing (EDX) may be perceived as painful, which may influence patient expectations and test completion. Our aim was to characterize which component of the EDX was more painful, and to determine if any factors, particularly performance by a learner, influenced this perception.MethodsParticipants were prospectively recruited and completed a brief questionnaire to rate their perception of pain before and after each component of the EDX. Demographic information and information about the test itself was collected.ResultsA total of 251 participants were recruited, 55.3% female, with a mean age of 52.9 y. Most participants rated pain after nerve conduction studies (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG) as mild to moderate with a similar number rating each component as more painful than the other. There was no effect of sex on overall ratings, although females felt that the test was more painful than anticipated more often than males. If a learner performed the EMG, it was more likely that the test would be rated as moderately to severely painful, and more likely for the EMG to be rated as more painful than the NCS (p < .05).DiscussionThe finding that NCS and EMG perceived pain were similar may help accurately inform patients of test expectations, guide test planning and help reduce the likelihood of incomplete or canceled testing. More effort might be required to help mitigate EMG pain when learners are involved.
Large‐strain analysis for cylindrical cavity contraction in strain‐softening geomaterials
Authors: Li Chao , Sheng Yu‐ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study presents a large‐strain analysis for cylindrical cavity unloading–contraction problem in strain‐softening geomaterials. Based on the unified strength theory (UST) and non‐associated flow rule, the process of cavity contraction in cohesive‐frictional geomaterials is regarded as a large‐strain problem by introducing the UST parameters and the volumetric force of seepage into the conventional cylindrical cavity contraction analysis, the effects of strain‐softening characteristic, intermediate principal stress, large‐strain, and seepage are considered. Finally, according to the comparison of the results of the radius ratio with those in the published literature, the correctness and reliability of the theoretical method are proved. The results show that it is necessary to consider the effect of volume force of seepage in the stability of excavation problem in geomaterial, the larger the volume force of seepage, the smaller the plastic radius. The traditional two‐dimensional cavity contraction solution overestimates the plastic radius. The results provide a theoretical basis for the elasto‐plastic analysis of excavation in rich water geomaterial and have a certain reference value for engineering design.
Effects of reconsolidation degree on reliquefaction resistance under mainshock–aftershock sequences: A DEM investigation
Authors: Xie Xiaoli , Zhao Teng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAftershock events may immediately follow mainshock events. In liquefiable deposits, the excess pore pressure caused by mainshock events may not dissipate completely in a short time interval between the mainshock and the aftershock. Sandy soil with different reconsolidation degrees (Ur) may present different reliquefaction resistances during the aftershock, which was not fully considered into the previous studies of reliquefaction. In this study, discrete element method (DEM) was employed to simulate a series of cyclic triaxial tests to evaluate the effects of Ur on reliquefaction resistance under mainshock–aftershock seismic sequence. The initially liquefied specimen was reconsolidated from two states with small and large residual shear strain respectively. Reconsolidated specimens reliquefied under different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs). Simulation results show that reliquefaction resistance increased gradually with increasing Ur, which was closely related to the previous residual shear strain during the first liquefaction event. Specimens that having large residual shear strain reliquefied easily, and the reliquefaction resistance of those specimens increased slightly with increasing Ur. On the contrary, reliquefaction resistance of the specimens that having small residual shear stain increased obviously with increasing Ur. The ratio of initial mechanical average coordination number to initial mesoscopic fabric anisotropy of reconsolidated specimens had a good correlation to the contraction potential and increased gradually with increasing Ur.
Investigation and elimination of nonlinear Poisson stiffening in 3d and solid shell finite elements
Authors: Willmann Tobias , Bieber Simon , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe show that most geometrically nonlinear three‐dimensional shell elements and solid shell elements suffer from a previously unknown artificial stiffening effect that only appears in geometrically nonlinear problems, in particular in the presence of large bending deformations. It can be interpreted as a nonlinear variant of the well‐known Poisson thickness locking effect. We explain why and under which circumstances this phenomenon appears and propose concepts to avoid it.
Associations between low‐carbohydrate and low‐fat diets and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Li Xiude , Li Meiling , Xu Linsheng , Zeng Xueke , Zhang Tengfei , Yang Hu , Li Haowei , Zhou Zhihao , Wang Yu , Zhang Chenghao , Zhu Yu , Huang Yong , Zhang Zhuang , Yang Wanshui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the cross‐sectional associations of low‐carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low‐fat diets (LFDs) with hepatic steatosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsDiet was measured using the 24‐hour recalls. Hepatic steatosis was defined by vibration‐controlled transient elastography. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. Substitution analysis was performed using the leave‐one‐out model.ResultsParticipants with higher adherence scores (comparing extreme tertiles) for an overall (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.96, ptrend = 0.049) or a healthful LCD (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43‐0.87, ptrend < 0.001) exhibited lower odds of steatosis. Replacing 5% of the energy from carbohydrates with total fat and protein (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83‐0.99) or unsaturated fat and plant protein (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84‐0.94) was associated with lower steatosis prevalence. High overall (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13‐2.40, ptrend = 0.006) or unhealthful (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.80, ptrend < 0.001) LFD scores were associated with increased likelihood of steatosis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the associations between LCDs and LFDs and steatosis may depend on the quality and food sources of the macronutrients.