bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Difficulty of Coping in Jonathan Franzen's Freedom
Authors: Assistant instructor. Azhar Waheed Naser  , - Assistant instructor.  Hussein Kadhim Zami  , Assistant instructor. Wahad Khalil Hashem  
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The paper examines Jonathan Franzen’s Freedom (2010) from a moral perspective. It studies how people live, make choices and take decisions, whom to marry, how to raise children. I attempt to discuss Franzen's view that the crucial part of becoming a mature is that grown-ups abandon a definite kind of freedom. In adulthood one is not able to do the things one used to do when one was a child. What gives this novel its richness and critical recognition is the difficult journeys of the characters towards moral recognition. Therefore, this novel is regarded as one of the most prominent novels in the twenty- first century. It has been called a "masterpiece of American fiction" by Time Magazine and "an indelible portrait of our times" by Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times. The pains, departures, disappointments and even tragic deaths, act as a crucible that allows the awakening of the moral sense of the characters to ultimately achieve their longed-for happy endings.
الحماية الخاصة للأطفال والنساء في اتفاقية جنيف وملحقيهاالاضافيين
Authors: طارق خضير زياد , جاسم محمد سيف 
Published: August 2022

يستفيد الاطفال والنساء اثناء الحروب أو النزاعات المسلحة من الحماية القانونية العامة الواجبة للسكان المدنيين التي يوفرها القانون الدولي الإنساني، فضلا عن الحماية الخاصة على أساس الاعتبار الخاص بكل فئة وهو ما جرى تناوله في هذا البحث. ويتمتع النساء والاطفال بالحماية الخاصة سواء المدنيين منهم او الذين تورطوا في الاشتراك بالعمليات العدائية
فقد استعرضت هذه الدراسة مسوغات الحماية الخاصة في قانون النزاعات المسلحة لهاتين الفئتين، فضلا عن الخوض في أحكام هذا القانون المتعلقة بحماية النساء والاطفال، وتحديدا في اتفاقية جنيف الرابعة لسنة 1949 وبروتوكوليها الإضافيين. وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات
(تأثير ݒذيرى برخى از شاعران از دو بيتى فارسى)
Authors: طي  حاتم جاسم  
Published: August 2022

دوبیتی (نام دیگر:فهلویات) از قالب های ریشه دار شعر پارسی است. دوبیتی شعری یازده هجایی مرکب از چهار مصرع است که همه بر یک قافیه (جز مصرع سوم که آوردن قافیه در آن اختیاری است) می باشند. دوبیتی وزن تکامل یافته و عروضی شده نوعی از ترانه های دوازده هجایی قدیم ایران است. نامدارترین وزن دوبیتی بحر هزج مسدّس مقصور (مفاعیلن مفاعیلن مفاعیل) و مشهورترین شاعر بر وزن نام برده، باباطاهر عریان است. باباطاهر و فایز دشتی بزرگترین دوبیتی سرایان ایرانی اند.دوبیتی یکی از قوالب اصلی شعر فارسی است که با وصف آنکه فقط دوبیت دارد، اما دنیایی از معنی در آن جای میگیرد، که مصرع اول و دوم و چهارم آن هم قافیه و دارای یک ردیف می باشد. حرف آخر و اصلی را معمولا در مصرع چهارم بیان می کنند. از خصوصیات این قالب این است که شعرهای عاشقانه محلی با آن بیان می شود (ستايشگر، 1381، ص 464).
که از این میان می‌توان به فهلوی نامدار شیخ صفی الدین اردبیلی که به اردبیلی در سده هفتم و سده هشتم سروده شده، اشاره نمود. ابواسحاق انصاری تلمسانی (۱۲۱۲–۱۳۰۰م) فقیه و ادیب عربی اندلسی مقاله اي در علم عروض دوبیتی نگاشت و در آن فنِّ شعریِ دوبیتی در زبان فارسی و عربی را بررسی نمود (زركلى، 2002، ص33).
Urgensi Pedoman Akuntansi Pesantren Dalam Pelaporan Keuangan
Authors: Tania Atika Lusi 
Published: August 2022

Tahun 2018 Kemanterian Agama telah melakukan akreditasi terhadap 184 pondok pesantren dilakukan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Non-Formal (BAN PAUD/PNF). Akreditasi ini menuntut pondok pesantren untuk meningkatkan kualitas baik pendidikan maupun keuangannya. Selain itu, pondok pesantren memiliki aset tetap yang banyak berupa tanah dari Wakaf yang perlu untuk diatur bagaimana pelaporannya. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian pendekatan kualitatif dengan riset lapangan, metode pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui komponen laporan keuangan pondok pesantren, bagaimana penyajian akun-akun dalam laporan keuangan dan bagaimana implementasinya pada Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komponen laporan keuangan yang ada di Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an belum mengadopsi Pedoman Akuntansi Pesantren (PAP). Dalam PAP komponen laporan keuangan terdapat empat jenis yaitu laporan posisi keuangan, laporan aktivitas, laporan arus kas dan catatan atas laporan keuangan. Perlakuan akuntansi bagi aset disajikan berdasarkan karakteristiknya dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan aset lancar dan tidak lancar. Liabilitas disajikan berdasarkan waktu jatuh temponya yang dikelompokkan menjadi liabilitas jangka pendek dan liabilitas jangka panjang. Aset neto disajikan berdasarkan aset neto tidak terikat, aset neto terikat temporer dan aset neto terikat permanen. Pendapatan disajikan ke dalam pendapatan tidak terikat dan pendapatan terikat, begitu pula dengan beban. Laporan keuangan pondok pesantren menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Akuntansi Terakreditasi (SAKTI). Laporan keuangan menggunakan kalender masehi atau umum. Laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan meliputi laporan dana masuk dan dana keluar. Jenis laporan keuangan ada tiga jenis yaitu laporan dana masuk dan dana keluar kelompok SMP, laporan dana masuk dan dana keluar kelompok SMA, dan Laporan dana masuk dan dana keluar kelompok Mahasiswa.
Peran KSU Kota Santri dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Janah Miftahul , Nurwanti Nurwanti , Utami Duwi , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan 
Published: August 2022

Keberadaan Koperasi Serba Usaha “Kota Santri” memiliki peran sistem perekonomian yang memiliki peluang usaha untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang masih kekurangan dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Koperasi ini sebagai wadah dalam melakukan kegiatan usaha tentunya memiliki peran untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat diwilayah sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran KSU “Kota Santri” dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kecamatan Kajen, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara in-depth interview, dan dokumentasi. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive pada pengurus koperasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa koperasi ini mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya dengan melakukan berbagai pengkreditan dalam berbagai bentuk yaitu uang, elektronik dan kendaraan. Dan koperasi ini memiliki peran untuk memberi modal usaha kepada anggotanya.
Tenascin-C fibronectin D domain is involved in the fine-tuning of glial response to CNS injury in vitro
Authors: Bijelić Dunja , Adžić Marija , Perić Mina , Reiss Gebhard , Milošević Milena , Andjus Pavle R. , Jakovčevski Igor 
Published: August 2022

Understanding processes that occur after injuries to the central nervous system is essential in order to gain insight into how the restoration of function can be improved. Extracellular glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC) has numerous functions in wound healing process depending on the expression time, location, isoform and binding partners which makes it interesting to study in this context. We used an in vitro injury model, the mixed culture of cortical astrocytes and microglia, and observed that without TnC microglial cells tend to populate gap area in greater numbers and proliferate more, whereas astrocytes build up in the border region to promote faster gap closure. Alternatively spliced domain of TnC, fibronectin type III-like repeat D (FnD) strongly affected physiological properties and morphology of both astrocytes and microglia in this injury model. The rate of microglial proliferation in the injury region decreased significantly with the addition of FnD. Additionally, density of microglia also decreased, in part due to reduced proliferation, and possibly due to reduced migration and increased contact inhibition between enlarged FnD-treated cells. Overall morphology of FnD-treated microglia resembled the activated pro-inflammatory cells, and elevated expression of iNOS was in accordance with this phenotype. The effect of FnD on astrocytes was different, as it did not affect their proliferation, but stimulated migration of reactivated astrocytes into the scratched area 48 h after the lesion. Elevated expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β upon FnD treatment indicated the onset of inflammation. Furthermore, on Western blots we observed increased intensity of precursor bands of β1 integrin and appearance of monomeric bands of P2Y12R after FnD treatment which substantiates and clarifies its role in cellular shape and motility changes. Our results show versatile functions of TnC and in particular FnD after injury, mostly contributing to ongoing inflammation in the injury region. Based on our findings, FnD might be instrumental in limiting immune cell infiltration, and promoting astrocyte migration within the injury region, thus influencing spaciotemporal organization of the wound and surrounding area.
Potential of immune-related genes as promising biomarkers for premature coronary heart disease through high throughput sequencing and integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Haiming , Shao Junjie , Lu Xuechun , Jiang Min , Li Xin , Liu Zifan , Zhao Yunzhang , Zhou Jingjing , Lin Lejian , Wang Lin , Xu Qiang , Chen Yundai , Zhang Ran 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common progressive disease that is difficult to diagnose and predict in the young asymptomatic period. Our study explored a mechanistic understanding of the genetic effects of premature CHD (PCHD) and provided potential biomarkers and treatment targets for further research through high throughput sequencing and integrated bioinformatics analysis.MethodsHigh throughput sequencing was performed among recruited patients with PCHD and young healthy individuals, and CHD-related microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using R software. Enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT were performed to explore the enriched pathways of DEGs and the characteristics of infiltrating immune cells. Hub genes identified by protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to construct the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Potential drugs were predicted by using the Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb).ResultsA total of 35 DEGs were identified from the sequencing dataset and GEO database by the Venn Diagram. Enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in excessive immune activation pathways and signal transduction. CIBERSORT exhibited that resting memory CD4 T cells and neutrophils were more abundant, and M2 macrophages, CD8 T cells, and naïve CD4 T cells were relatively scarce in patients with PCHD. After the identification of 10 hub gens, three ceRNA networks of CD83, CXCL8, and NR4A2 were constructed by data retrieval and validation. In addition, CXCL8 might interact most with multiple chemical compounds mainly consisting of anti-inflammatory drugs.ConclusionsThe immune dysfunction mainly contributes to the pathogenesis of PCHD, and three ceRNA networks of CD83, CXCL8, and NR4A2 may be potential candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment targets of PCHD.
Case report: Short-long-short mechanism triggering sustained ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a single-chamber ICD but inhibiting antitachycardia therapy
Authors: Schernthaner Christiana , Topf Albert , Motloch Lukas J. , Kraus Johannes , Hauptmann Laurenz , Hoppe Uta C. , Strohmer Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionShort-long-short (SLS) sequences are an important cause of ICD pro-arrhythmia and can initiate both polymorphic and monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (VT). Depending on the programming of a single-chamber ICD, the interplay between SLS sequences and combined VT detection criteria can be responsible for withholding adequate anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) or shock therapy.MethodsA 78-year-old patient with ICD was admitted to our emergency department after external cardioversion of a long-lasting VT with hemodynamic compromise. The interrogation of the ICD revealed an SLS sequence initiating a monomorphic VT at a rate of 171 bpm (350 ms). The VT discrimination of the implanted single-chamber ICD was based on the onset and stability criteria as the patient had a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The ICD was programmed that both criteria had to be met for VT detection and initiation of anti-tachycardia therapy.ResultsDue to the SLS sequence in combination with the programmed VT detection interval, the onset threshold was not fulfilled and inhibited adequate therapy. Some relatively slow VT beats following the SLS sequence resulted finally in a considerable delay in the declaration of the episode onset. As a first step, the threshold for VT detection was programmed to 150 instead of 160 bpm. To avoid SLS sequences and pause-dependent ventricular tachyarrhythmias, VVI backup stimulation was increased from 35 to 55 ppm. Besides, a device-specific algorithm called rate smoothing was activated as a potential preventive feature. On the 3-month follow-up, all sustained VT episodes were detected adequately by the reprogrammed device, resulting in appropriate anti-tachycardia pacing. After further refinement and less aggressive programming of rate smoothing, the patient remained free of symptoms and arrhythmias over a follow-up of more than 2.5 years, particularly since progression to permanent atrial fibrillation and pacing at a lower rate of 60 ppm.ConclusionsSLS sequences may initiate or trigger VT episodes. Misclassification of the true onset may occur in some ICD devices due to specific programming of VT detection criteria. If both criteria “Onset and Stability” have to be fulfilled, ICD therapy is not delivered despite ongoing VT. Anti-bradycardia backup pacing at a very low stimulation rate may facilitate SLS sequences in patients with ICD resembling a potential pro-arrhythmic mechanism. In case of gradual VT onset with some intervals slower than the programmed VT threshold, the detection rate has to be adjusted down to guarantee appropriate identification of the onset.
Zircon U–Pb Dating of Tuff Layers in the Middle–Upper Triassic Strata of Successions and Sedimentation of Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Lu Gang , Gou Mingxing , Liu Guanglin , Wang Changcheng , Shi Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

During the Late Triassic, the southern margin of the Ordos Basin was influenced by the Indosinian Movement, in response to closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Thinly bedded tuff layers are exposed near the base of the Middle–Upper Triassic formations (Chang 8/7/6 members) in the Ordos Basin. Tuff samples from drilling core (well An-35) and outcrop (Motiangou section) samples in the Yanchang Formation were studied by the detailed field work. Igneous zircon crystals were picked and analyzed by the instruments of cathodoluminescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometery (LA-ICP-MS). The timing of volcanic activity was determined by means of high-precision zircon age. Combining tectonic setting and paleogeographic reconstruct, the ages of tuff layers indicate that volcanic activities occurred at three peaks (241.6 ± 1.1 Ma, 240.2 ± 1.1 Ma, and 233.5 ± 1.2 Ma) from the top of Chang 8 Member to the Chang 7 Member. The results implied that the volcanic activities lasted from Ladinian to Carnian, as well as define the sedimentary duration of the Chang 7 Member with a deposition rate of 1.34 cm/ka.
Comprehensive analysis of the stability of tailings-geotextile composite—Iron Mine Tailings Dam in Gushan, Anhui, China
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Ji Jinzhi , Hu Xuelong , Hu Shengsong , Wu Xiaogang , Yuan Canming , Zhu Tianqiang 
Published: August 2022

The application of tailings-geotextile composites can effectively reduce tailings dam safety accidents. In this paper, the tailings dam of the Gushan Iron Mine is the research background. The construction of tailings-geotextile composites was briefly studied. Based on the existing experimental data, the permeability and physical properties of the composite material were analyzed, and the model of the composite material was generalized. The seepage characteristics of the composite were analyzed by using the numerical simulation method of the seepage field. Finally, the overall stability of the composite during the construction and storage phases was investigated. The conclusions are as follows: 1) In the early stage of stacking, the permeability coefficient of the composite body increases with the increase in filling tension; in the later stage, under the action of excess pore pressure, the composite body still exhibits strong permeability; 2) In the early stage of stacking, the height of the composite body is low, and the relative position of the saturated zone is relatively high; as the composite continues to rise or the stacking time increases, the lower part of the composite is gradually consolidated, and the position of the saturated zone is gradually raised; when the stacking is stopped, the saturated zone gradually decreases until it is close to the original position; 3) With the increase in the stacking height of the composite, the safety factor decreases rapidly; when the stacking height is 22.0 m, it decreases to the minimum; with time, the stability of the composite will gradually increase. This study helps people understand tailings-geotextile composites, and it has significant reference value for practical engineering.
Low-latitude climate change linked to high-latitude glaciation during the late paleozoic ice age: Evidence from terrigenous detrital kaolinite
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Yang Minfang , Lu Jing , Shao Longyi , Wang Ziwei , Hilton Jason 
Published: August 2022

The Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA; ca. 335–260 million years ago) was one of the most significant glacial events in Earth’s history. It records cycles of ice advance and retreat in southern high-latitude Gondwana and provides a deep-time perspective for climate–glaciation coevolution. However, climate records using clay mineral proxies from the LIPA are poorly developed in low latitudes, particularly in the North China Plate (NCP) on the eastern Paleo-Tethys. We address this through a detailed mineralogical study of the marine–continental sedimentary succession in the Yuzhou Coalfield from the southern NCP. We apply biostratigraphy and high-resolution clay mineral composition to reconstruct the latest Carboniferous to early Permian chronostratigraphy and climate change. The Benxi, Taiyuan, and Shanxi formations in the study area are assigned to the Gzhelian, Asselian–Artinskian, and Kungurian-Roadian stages, respectively, and the Carboniferous and Permian lithostratigraphic units across the NCP recognized as widely diachronous. Under scanning electron microscopy, the detrital micromorphology of kaolinite is mostly found as irregular fragments with sizes of 1–5 μm. Illite crystallization varies from 0.22 to 1.88 ∆°/2θ (x̄ = 0.49 ∆°/2θ) and indicates changes in kaolinite content to be a robust proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction. Kaolinite data show alternating warm-humid and cool-humid climate conditions that are roughly consistent with the calibrated glaciations and nonglacial interval successions recognized in high-latitude Gondwana. These include the Asselian-early Sakmarian and late Sakmarian-early Artinskian glacials and the climatic transition to glacial P3 during the Roadian. Our results indicate a comparatively cool-humid and warm-humid climate mode in low-latitude NCP during glacial and nonglacial periods, respectively. This is a significant step toward connecting climate change in low-latitude to high-latitude glaciation during the LPIA in eastern Paleo-Tethys.
Comparative effectiveness of a low-calorie diet combined with acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, meal replacements, or exercise for obesity over different intervention periods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Seo-Young , Shin In-Soo , Park Young-Jae 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of a low-calorie diet (LCD) combined with acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), meal replacements (MR), and exercise on weight loss.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CNKI, RISS, and KISS were searched systematically. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared the effect of a low-calorie diet (LCD)-combined acupuncture, CBT, and exercise and an MR-based diet on weight loss with LCD-alone for adults with simple obesity (body mass index [BMI] &gt; 25) published before August 2021 were included in the study. Two investigators extracted and coded the data using a template. Any disagreements between investigators were resolved through discussion. Changes in BMI or weight were transformed to Hedges’ g values with a 95% CI, and network meta-analyses using a Bayesian random-effects model were conducted.ResultsA total of thirty-two trials involving 3,364 patients were finally included in the study. The effect sizes of four interventions were medium, in the order of acupuncture (Hedges’ g = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25 - 0.71), CBT (Hedges’ g = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.63), MR (Hedges’ g = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19 - 0.45), and exercise (Hedges’ g = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.46).In terms of intervention period, acupuncture was effective in the short period (≤ 12 weeks, Hedges’ g = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.67) and the long period (&gt;12 weeks, Hedges’ g = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.37 - 1.40), whereas CBT (Hedges’ g = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.26 - 0.76) and exercise (Hedges’ g = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.59) were effective only in the long period. MR was effective only in the short period (Hedges’ g = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18 - 0.53).ConclusionsThis study suggests that acupuncture, CBT, MR, and exercise for simple obesity show a medium effect size, and their effectiveness differs according to the intervention period.
Phosphorus forms by depth in sediments from the Qu’Appelle lakes, Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Wauchope-Thompson Michelle S. , Cade-Menun Barbara J. , Baulch Helen M. 
Published: August 2022

Understanding sediment phosphorus (P) compounds is essential to managing P in lake sediments because P speciation will determine bioavailability and reactivity. Little is known about organic P (Po) in hardwater eutrophic lakes in the North American Great Plains, or the role of metals in Po cycling. Sediment cores (0–12 cm deep) collected from four lakes from the Qu’Appelle chain in Saskatchewan, Canada, were sectioned by depth and analyzed by solution P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize P forms. Concentrations and pools of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al) were also determined. A range of P compounds was detected with significant interactions between lakes and depth for orthophosphate, phytate and DNA, and significant differences among lakes or with depth for polyphosphates and phosphonates. The main class of Po compounds identified in all lakes was orthophosphate diesters, including phospholipids and DNA, typical of living biota, suggesting that P immobilized by microbes and algae is an important pool in the sediments of these lakes. There were significant differences in metal concentrations among the lakes. In three lakes, Ca concentrations were high, and P was tightly bound with Ca compounds of low solubility. In the fourth lake with lower Ca concentrations, P appeared to be loosely bound to Al and Fe compounds. Our study indicates that there were significant differences in P compounds and the factors controlling their cycling among these four lakes in the same chain, which has implications for P management and water quality control.