bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the effects of free-stream turbulence on aerodynamic characteristics of a 3D square cylinder by pressure measurement and PIV visualization
Authors: Shi Haoyun , Li Qiusheng , Li Ming , Han Xuliang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of free-stream turbulence such as longitudinal turbulence intensity (Iu) and integral length scale (Lxu) on the flow fields around, and aerodynamic pressures and forces on a surface-mounted three-dimensional (3D) square cylinder with a height-to-width ratio of 5. The flow fields, aerodynamic pressures and forces were experimentally studied by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) visualizations and pressure measurements in grid-generated turbulent flows and smooth flow. The PIV flow visualizations show that increasing (Lxu) has limited effect on the characteristics of wake flow, except slightly weakens and intensifies the downwash and upwash flows, respectively. The influences of turbulence intensity are noteworthy. The Kármán vortices influence the flow features more significantly in turbulent flows with high intensity. The mean pressures on the side faces of the cylinder decrease as(Iu) increases, but increases on the leeward face. Increasing(Iu) and (Lxu) both enhance the fluctuating lift forces and reduce the mean drag forces at all cylinder spans. The spanwise vortex shedding of the cylinder is respectively enhanced and weakened with increasing ( Iu)and (Lxu)The strong vortex shedding occurs near the cylinder’s mid-span. The analyzed results by Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method show the symmetric vortex shedding process on the side faces of the 3D cylinder in smooth flow, resulting in small lift fluctuations. In turbulent flows, the vortex shedding process is symmetric near the free-end, alternating at cylinder’s lower half.
Research Status, Hotspots, and Trends on Oral Care Research in the Elderly in Mainland China Published from 2002-2022: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Weng Yanqiu , Qiao Mengting , Chen Wenyao , Zhang Lingjuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Oral health is a key indicator of overall health, well-being and quality of life. The oral health status of the elderly will decline with age, which results in serious consequences and bring heavy medical and economic burdens to the country and society. With the aggravation of population aging process, more and more attention has been paid to the oral health problems of the elderly in mainland China, the number of studies focusing on oral care for the elderly is increasing year by year, and many research papers have been published in journals. However, no scholar has conducted bibliometric analysis in this field so far. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status, hotspots and trends of research on oral care for the elderly in mainland China in the past 20 years through bibliometrics, which aims to provide new ideas and targets for future clinical work and research.
Methods
Relevant literature from January 2002 to May 2022 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Web of Science, and PubMed. NoteExpress 3.5.0.9054, Co-Occurrence 12.6 and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 were used to analyze bibliometric features in terms of year of publication, journal of publication, authors, institution and keywords.
Results
A total of 716 related articles were obtained. Data analysis revealed that the number of publications shows an increasing trend over time, only 2017–2021, 309 papers were published, accounting for 43.2% of the total number of publications. A total of 238 articles were published in Science Citation Index journals or Chinese core journals, accounting for 33.2% of the total number of articles, and only a few core journals among the top 10 journals. The study of oral health-related quality of life in the elderly is a hot research topic. There is a lack of research on the elderly living in elderly care facilities.
Conclusion
The present study provides an in-depth understanding of oral care in the elderly in mainland China. The study showed the current research status, hotspots and trends of this field, and future research direction is prospected.
Software defect prediction based on counterfactual explanations
Authors: Zheng Wei , Chen Tengfei , Hu Meiting , Yang Fengyu , Fan Xin , Xiao Peng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Software defect prediction is critical to ensure the software quality. Researchers have worked on building various defect prediction models to improve the performance of defect prediction. The existing defect prediction models are mainly divided into two categories: one is the models constructed based on the artificial statistical features and the other is the models constructed based on the semantic features. DP-CNN [29] is one of the best defect prediction models, because it combines both the artificial statistical features and semantic features, so its performance is greatly improved compared with traditional defect prediction models. In this paper, we are inspired by the DP-CNN model and make the following two improvements: firstly, we use a new network representation technique Struc2vec to mine the information existing between software modules, which specializes in learning node representations from structural identity and can further extract the structural features associated with defects. We let the DP-CNN model again incorporate the newly mined structural features. Then, we propose a feature selection method based on counterfactual explanations which preserves reasonable causal relationships between features and thus produces a better subset of features compared to traditional feature selection methods. We used it to optimize the artificial statistical features inside the DP-CNN model. Based on the above methods, we propose a new hybrid defect prediction model DPS-CNN-STR. We evaluate our model on six open-source projects in terms of F1-score in defect prediction. The experimental results show that DPS-CNN-STR improves the state-of-the-art method by 3.6% on average.
Study of Soft story response of typical building of NBC
Authors: Gwachha Jeevan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Construction of building omitting an infill wall mostly in ground floor and other floors has led a building to face a soft story failure mechanism. This omission of infill wall is for commercial purposes and parking of vehicles in ground floor. In this study, study on the behavior of the structure is done when a soft story happens in different floor levels. A building explained as per NBC 201 and NBC 205 is taken into consideration. Soft story is assigned in all floors to study the responses separately. An equivalent diagonal strut is assigned to the structure to account the consideration of infill wall. Non-linear hinges are assigned to structural members. Different parametric study is performed in terms of displacement, story drift, time period, formation of hinges, performance point, and capacity curve to compare the behavior of the structure. Linear static and non-linear static (Pushover analysis) analysis is performed to evaluate 4 different models. Modal analysis is performed to obtain time period of different models. The time period of bare frame, ground floor soft story, first floor soft story and second floor soft story using modal analysis is 0.65, 0.49, 0.47 and 0.29 respectively. Pushover analysis is performed to obtain pushover curve of different models forming different non-linear hinges in multiple steps of analysis. Step 1, 4, 7 and 10 were analyzed and hinges from basic to collapse prevention has formed. Story drift of bare frame of all story has been compared to the story drift of buildings having soft story in ground, first and second floor. Comparing variation of story drift for ground, first and second floor between bare frame and ground floor soft story model, the values show 13%, 82% and 85%. The variation of same between bare frame and first floor soft story shows 78%, 20%, 81% while the variation between bare frame and second floor soft story shows 97%, 97%, 21%.Additional, a multiplication factor has been introduced to compare the value of factor provided by IS 1893:2002. According to IS 1893:2002, the value should have been 2.5, but the value varies for 3 different cases. It varies from 1 to 1.16.
Immune landscape of a prognostic immunogenic cell death (ICD)-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD)
Authors: Liu Xia , Fang Xisheng , Lu Lin , Liu Guolong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), as a form of regulated cell death, demonstrates promising roles in immunogenic tumor microenvironment. However, the expression and roles of ICD-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in COAD were largely unknown.
Methods
RNA-sequencing data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A list of 34 immunogenic cell death-related genes was retrieved from published literatures. ICD-related lncRNAs were retrieved using R language and Perl software. Univariate and multivariate cox analyses were used to construct an ICD-related lncRNA risk model. The performance of thissignature was validated using Kaplan-Meier curve and receiver operating curve (ROC). The immune landscape of the risk signature was revealed by analyzing the correlations with immune cells infiltration, immune function, immune checkpoint inhibitors. Correlations with RNA stemness score (RNAss) were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Correlation with m6A regulators was investigated using Wilcoxon test. Moreover, expression and survival analysis of the risk lncRNAs were revealed based on TCGA database.
Results
We identified 23 ICD-related lncRNAs with prognostic values to construct a risk model. The risk model demonstrated good performance in predicting survival. The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve at 1-, 2- and 3-year were 0.684, 0.715, and 0.747, respectively. Further univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognosis factor. Further validation showed that there were significant differences in immune cells infiltration, immune functions, and immune checkpoint inhibitor expression between high- and low-risk groups. In addition, there was negative correlation between the risk signature and RNAss, and there was difference in the expression of m6A regulators in high- and low-risk groups. A nomogram including the risk score also demonstrating significant prognostic value. Moreover, upregulated expression of MIR4435-2HG, LINC02257, AL161729.4, AC007128.1 and AP001619.1 predicted poor overall survival in COAD.
Conclusions
We established an ICD-related lncRNA signature for the overall survival of COAD, which demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. The correlations between ICD-related lncRNAs and tumor immune microenvironment still need to be further investigated.
Genome Insights into the Plant Growth-Promoting bacterium Saccharibacillus brassicae ATSA2T
Authors: Jiang Lingmin , Seo Jiyoon , Peng Yuxin , Jeon Doeun , Park Soon Ju , Kim Cha Young , Kim Pyoung Il , Kim Chul Hong , Lee Ju Huck , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Endophytes can facilitate the improvement of plant growth and health in agriculturally important crops, yet their genomes and secondary metabolites remain largely unexplored. We previously isolated Saccharibacillus brassicae strain ATSA2T from surface-sterilized seeds of kimchi cabbage and represented a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus. In this study, we evaluated the plant growth-promoting effect of strain ATSA2T in kimchi cabbage, bok choy, and pepper plants grown in soils. We found a significant effect on the shoot and root biomass and chlorophyll contents following strain ATSA2T treatment. Furthermore, genome analysis of this strain suggested the presence of gene clusters involved in iron acquisition (fhuABD, afuABC, fbpABC, and fepCDG) and phosphate solubilization (pstABCHS, phoABHLU, and phnCDEP) and other phytohormone biosynthesis genes, including indole-3-acetic acid (trpABCDEFG), in the genome. Interestingly, the secondary metabolites cerecidin, carotenoid, siderophore (staphylobactin), and bacillaene underlying plant growth promotion were found in the whole genome via antiSMASH analysis. Overall, physiological testing and genome analysis data provide comprehensive insights into plant growth-promoting mechanisms, suggesting the relevance of strain ATSA2T in agricultural biotechnology.
Anisotropic linear and nonlinear charge-spin conversion in topological semimetal SrIrO3
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Lao Bin , Liu Peitao , Zheng Xuan , Lu Zengxing , Li Sheng , Zhao Kenan , Gong Liguang , Tang Tao , Wu Keyi , Shi Youguo , Sun Yan , Chen Xin-Qiu , Li Run-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, utilizing spin currents in the linear response of electric field to manipulate magnetization states via spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is one of the core concepts for realizing a multitude of spintronic devices. Besides the linear regime, recently, nonlinear charge-spin conversion under the square of electric field has been recognized in a wide variety of materials with nontrivial spin textures, opening an emerging field of nonlinear spintronics. Here, we report the investigation of both linear and nonlinear charge-spin conversion in one single topological semimetal SrIrO3(110) thin film that hosts strong spin-orbit coupling and nontrivial spin textures in the momentum space. In the nonlinear regime, the observation of crystalline direction dependent response indicates the presence of anisotropic surface states induced spin-momentum locking near the Fermi level. Such anisotropic spin textures also give rise to spin currents in the linear response regime, which mainly contributes to the fieldlike SOT component. Our work demonstrates the power of combination of linear and nonlinear approaches in understanding and utilizing charge-spin conversion in topological materials.
Genetic impact of non-consanguineous marriages in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyahya Mohammed , Aloraini Taghrid , Al-Harbi Youseef , Alsubaie Lamia , Alswaid Abdulrahman , Eyaid Wafaa , Mutairi Fuad Al , Ababneh Faroug , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genetic disorders in the non-consanguineous population of Saudi Arabia.Methods: We assessed all the exome sequencing requests associated with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh.Results: In total, there were 151 non-consanguineous individuals with exome sequencing requests in the population genomic database of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center. In total, 27 had disease-causing variants, and the hit rate was 27/151 (18%). The 27 people had 28 different variants. There were 14/28 (50%) de novo variants and 14/28 (50%) inherited variants in the 28 variants. The hit rate of the variants causing autosomal recessive disorders was 12/28 (42.8%), autosomal dominant disorders 13/28 (46.4%), and X-linked disorders 3/28 (10.7%).Conclusion: Non-consanguineous marriages have a lower risk of genetic disorders, and reducing consanguinity reduces the risk of genetic disorders by two to three times.
Gut immunity is regulated by cocoa butter intake-mediated release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10
Authors: Arai Nariaki , Kajihara Ryo , Takasaka Mieko , Amari Kei , Kuneshita Norika , Maejima Daisuke , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Hayashi Moyuru , Yokoyama Yumiko , Kaidoh Maki , Kawai Yoshiko , Ohhashi Toshio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mesenteric lymph has received attention for its important roles in nutrient absorption and mucosal immunity. It contains cytokines and immune cells that control the immune responses. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of cocoa butter intake on rat mesenteric lymph flow, cell density, and the IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the lymph. Cocoa butter intake increased the lymph flow, cell density and the cytokine levels in the lymph. Clodronate released IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and slightly accelerated the cocoa butter intake-mediated release of IL-6, but not that of IL-1β and IL-10. A Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 inhibitor significantly reduced the linoleic acid-mediated releases of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the medium of isolated cells from lamina propria of jejunal villi. Our findings suggest that cocoa butter intake regulates gut immunity through the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 via a negative feedback mechanism.
Understanding the Relationship Between Gender and Mental Health in Adolescence: The Gender Adherence Index (GAI)
Authors: Cela-Bertran Xavier , Peguero Guille , Serral Gemma , Sánchez Esther , Martínez-Hernáez Angel , Pié-Balaguer Asun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Half of all mental health disorders appear during adolescence, although it is still far from clear how they relate to gender (not sex) criteria. This study aims both to analyse the relationship between gender and adolescent mental health and to propose an index: the Gender Adherence Index (GAI).
Methods
We used cross-sectional, secondary data from 3888 adolescents (aged 13–19) from the FRESC Health Survey on Adolescence in Barcelona. We analysed the interaction among sex, age and socio-economic status with several mental health indices. Additionally, we computed a gender adherence index (GAI) to transcend the information-poor binary sex label and thus assess to what extent mental health can be predicted by the gender expression of adolescents irrespective of their biological sex.
Results
We found that older age and lower economic status have a greater impact on the emotional distress of girls, who reported lower self-perceived mental health than boys. Nevertheless, girls obtained higher scores regarding their prosocial behaviour, which is protective against mental health problems. The GAI was retained in all statistical models stressing it as a relevant metric to explain the variability of adolescent emotional distress. Young people who showed adherence to normative femininity in their lifestyles showed higher prosocial behaviour but did not tend to present more emotional distress.
Conclusion
Despite its limitations, this is a novel attempt to explore the relationship between gender expression and mental health. Better defined indices of gender adherence could help us to improve our predictive capacity of mental health disorders during adolescence.
Theoretical investigation of the spectroscopic properties of ZnTe, ZnTe + , and ZnTe - systems
Authors: BENSIRADJ Nour El Houda , YOUSFI Houssyen , BENSIRADJ TAHA , OUAMERALI Ourida 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Zinc telluride (ZnTe) system presents appealing optoelectronic properties used in radiology as well as in the detection of terahertz radiation (THz). In this work, we report a theoretical investigation of the ground and excited states of ZnTe and its ions ZnTe+ and ZnTe− using different ab inito methods. The potential energy curves (PES) are computed using the CASSCF/LANL2DZ and MRCI/LANL2DZ methods. These curves allows to infer the different spectroscopic constants such as the internuclear distance (Re), the harmonic vibration frequency (ωe), the rotation constant (Be) and the dissociation energy (De). It was found that the electronic states of ZnTe and its ions converge to several lower dissociation limits. The existence of instable and the crossings states is due to the presence of rotational and spin-orbit interactions. The results obtained are compared to the existing experimental data and have generally shown a reasonable agreement.
The relative size of nuclei within the oculomotor complex vary by order and behaviour in birds.
Authors: Iwaniuk Andrew N , Cunha Felipe , Gutierrez-Ibanez Cristian , Brinkman Benjamin , Wylie Douglas R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eye movements are a critical component of visually guided behaviors, allowing organisms to scan the environment and bring stimuli of interest to regions of acuity in the retina. Although the control and modulation of eye movements by cranial nerve nuclei are highly conserved across vertebrates, species variation in visually guided behavior and eye morphology could lead to variation in the size of oculomotor nuclei. Here, we test for differences in the size and neuron numbers of the oculomotor nuclei among birds that vary in behavior and eye morphology. Using unbiased stereology, we measured the volumes and numbers of neurons of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV), abducens (nVI), and Edinger-Westphal (EW) nuclei across 71 bird species and analyzed that with phylogeny-informed statistics. Owls had relatively smaller nIII, nIV, nVI and EW nuclei than other birds, which reflects their limited degrees of eye movements. In contrast, nVI was relatively larger in falcons and hawks, likely reflecting how these predatory species must shift focus between the central and temporal foveae during foraging and prey capture. Unexpectedly, songbirds had an enlarged EW and relatively more nVI neurons, which might reflect accommodation and horizontal eye movements. Finally, the one merganser we measured also has an enlarged EW, which is associated with the high accommodative power needed for pursuit diving. Overall, these differences reflect species and clade level variation in behaviour, but more data is needed on eye movements in birds across species to better understand the relationships among behaviour, retinal anatomy, and brain anatomy.
Correlation of Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels with Infarct Core and Ischemic Penumbra Volume in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jianbo Zhou , Lin Li , Xiyang Ji , Xiaojie Zhang , Changfei Dai , Sa Wang , Mijuan Zhang , Dong Wei , Lele Zhang , Guoxun Zhang , Xixi Yang , Ming Guo , Bin Wang , Fan Li , Cheng Ma , Na Zhang , Qun Zhang , Ping Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
During cerebral ischemia, inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β released from the ischemic core may trigger neuronal death in the ischemic penumbra, influencing infarct volume. This study aimed to understand the relationship between serum IL-1β, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels with infarct core and ischemic penumbra volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its influence on prognosis.
Methods
The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP were measured in 65 patients within 24h of AIS onset. The infarcts of the patients were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) and core volume on computed tomography perfusion or perfusion-weighted imaging were used to calculate infarct volume and ischemic penumbra volume. The Tan collateral score was calculated with Neusoft Brain Clinical Assistant Ration Evaluate (NeuBrainCARE).
Results
We found a significant correlation between infarct core volume and serum hs-CRP levels (P < 0.05) and between penumbra volume and IL-6 levels (P < 0.05). Serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with NIHSS scores at admission, discharge, and 3 months after discharge. IL-1β levels, Tan collateral score, and ASPECTS showed no correlation with the infarct core volume.
Conclusion
A significant correlation between hs-CRP and IL-6 levels and infarct and ischemic penumbra volume, respectively, and with NIHSS score shows that these two factors might prove helpful in predicting the extent of neurological damage in AIS patients after 3 months of onset, opening new avenues for treatment.