bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of direct‐acting antiviral therapies and baseline predictors for treatment outcomes in hepatitis C patients: A multicenter, real‐world study in Guangdong, China
Authors: Xie Zhiwei , Deng Kai , Xia Yang , Zhang Chunlan , Xu Min , Li Feng , Liu Jinfeng , Zhou Yuanping , Chen Xiaoping , Chen Xuefu , Yan Qin , Huang Jing , Chen Wenli , Wu Shuduo , Bai Honglian , Li Jianping , Guan Yujuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe data on direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in southern China with multiple genotypes circulating are limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAA regimens among CHC patients in Guangdong, China. A total of 220 patients receiving a variety of DAA were enrolled. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response (SVR) at 12 weeks. Resistance associated substitutions (RASs) were evaluated by deep sequencing. The overall SVR rate was 96.4%, and was 97.7% for genotype 1, 100% for genotype 2, 91.9% for genotype 3, 95.7% for genotype 6, and 100% for untyped. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 8.2% (18/220) and all the AEs were mild. Nonstructural proteins 5A RAS, 30K/31M, and Y93H were most prevalent at baseline and the end of treatment in non‐SVR patients, respectively. Logistics regression showed that elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at baseline were specifically associated with non‐SVR in patients with genotype 3 and 6 infections (p = 0.029 and p = 0.017) but not genotype 1 infection (p = 0.746 and p = 0.971), and baseline AST was the best predictor for SVR in genotypes 3 and 6 patients (area under curve = 0.890). Our studies demonstrated all DAA regimens achieved ideal SVR and were well tolerated. NS5A RAS were prevalent in non‐SVR patients. Elevated ALT and AST as baseline predictors for non‐SVR in genotypes 3 and 6 infections warrant further research in a larger cohort.
Evidence‐based counseling for African‐American parents: A contextual humanistic perspective
Authors: Adkison‐Johnson Carla , Terpstra Jeffrey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParent training programs have been deemed the gold standard for addressing child misbehavior in families. Recent investigations on parent education have placed an emphasis on developing culturally responsive programming in which evidence‐based parenting interventions are adopted to focus on racial, ethnic, and cultural issues. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of group counseling sessions, as measured from pre‐ to postintervention, on how African‐American parents respond to adolescent misbehavior. The results provide evidence that group counseling does have an overall effect on the intensity of disciplinary practices among African‐American parents. Irrespective of the child's age, the effect appears to be more prevalent in cases of mild misbehavior than those of severe misbehavior. Implications for culturally responsive counseling practice are also discussed.
The role of communication style in adaptation to interorganizational project disruptions
Authors: Oliveira Nuno , Argyres Nicholas , Lumineau Fabrice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterorganizational projects often suffer disruptions that require participating organizations to adapt in order to restore project operations. We study the role of communication style in facilitating adaptation to such disruptions. Whereas the literature on interorganizational communication has emphasized communication mode and frequency, we study the content and features of written communication in seven U.K. construction projects. Communication style mattered for adaptation quality in these projects, and we found that several properties of communication style were particularly important for adaptation: cost and information orientation, as well as informality, precision and authenticity. Moreover, managerial slack and organizational reputation were important precursors of communication style. These results provide novel insights into the role of communication style in adaptation to interorganizational project disruptions. We discuss the implications of these insights for research on interorganizational projects in operations and supply chain management.
Effect of potassium salts on the structure of γ‐cyclodextrin MOF and the encapsulation properties with thymol
Authors: Pan Xiaodan , Junejo Shahid Ahmed , Tan Chin Ping , Zhang Bin , Fu Xiong , Huang Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymol is a natural essential oil with strong volatility, low solubility, poor dispersion, strong irritation, and an unpleasant smell, which often requires appropriate porous materials to encapsulate thymol during the application process. However, the encapsulation efficiency of thymol in inclusion complexes is low, and new methods of encapsulation need to be developed. In the present study, the encapsulation capacity, storage stability, and antibacterial activity of thymol were investigated using γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by cocrystallization and high‐temperature adsorption methods. The effect of different potassium salts (i.e. KOH, KCl, and KAc) on the structure and complexation of γ‐CD‐MOFs was also analyzed.RESULTSCompared with γ‐CD, the thymol encapsulation capacity of γ‐CD‐MOFs was increased by two‐ to three‐fold, with the encapsulation content following the order: KAc‐γ‐CD‐MOF (293.8 mg g–1) > KOH‐γ‐CD‐MOF (287.7 mg g–1) > KCl‐γ‐CD‐MOF (249.3 mg g–1). The anions in the solution participate in the coordination and influence the symmetry relationship between atoms and ions. This explains the differences in both the three‐dimensional γ‐CD‐MOF structure and the thymol encapsulation amount, as well as the high storage stability of thymol.CONCLUSIONThe in vitro release kinetics and antibacterial experiments showed that the inclusion complexes prepared by γ‐CD‐MOFs had higher stability, sustainability, and antibacterial activity, which suggests that it is an excellent complex material for industrial and agricultural applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Correlation of Levator‐Muller's Complex Thickness on Ultrasound Biomicroscopy to Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Thyroid‐Related Upper Eyelid Retraction
Authors: Kandasamy Sindhuja , Agrawal Sahil , Pushker Neelam , Meel Rachna , Bajaj Mandeep S. , Thirumurthy Velpandian , Jyotsna Viveka P. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo study the thickness of levator palpebra superioris‐Muller's muscle complex (LMC) on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and to correlate with the clinical response to botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in patients with inactive‐stage of thyroid‐related upper eyelid retraction (UER). We also studied the correlation of clinical parameters, preinjection with postinjection values.MethodsThis was a prospective, interventional study. Patients with thyroid‐related UER who underwent subconjunctival injection of BTA were recruited. Demographic data and clinical details were evaluated. UBM (50 MHz) was done to measure the thickness of LMC. Patient's satisfaction was graded at each follow‐up. Follow‐up was done at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months' time intervals.ResultsA total of 13 patients were recruited and 26 eyes were divided into two groups; group 1 included eyes with UER (n = 17), and group 2 included eyes without UER (n = 9). There was a statistically significant reduction in margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) after BTA injection at 1‐week, 1‐month, and 3‐months follow‐up with maximum reduction at 1 month. The mean LMC thickness of 26 eyes was 0.96 mm which was found to be significantly more than normal controls. On comparison of mean LMC thickness with the amount of UER and reduction in MRD1, we did not find a significant difference.ConclusionsPatients with TED have significantly thicker LMC on UBM than controls. Further studies are needed with a larger sample size on the correlation of UBM features of levator aponeurosis with response to BTA injection.
Coyote and porcupine spread Russian olive seeds through endozoochory
Authors: Campbell Joshua W. , West Natalie M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRussian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is an invasive tree that has spread throughout much of the western United States. The mode of seed dispersal occurs by hydrochory and possibly by birds. Seed dispersal by frugivorous mammals has not been investigated. Between 15 October and 4 November 2020, we walked through Russian olive windbreaks in western North Dakota, USA, and surveyed for mammal scat, and found 10 coyote (Canis latrans) and 54 porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) scats that contained intact Russian olive seeds. We subsequently evaluated the viability, germination frequency, and time to germination of seeds ingested by coyote and porcupine relative to un‐ingested control seeds harvested from trees at sites where we collected scat. Overall, Russian olive seeds that passed through mammal intestinal tracts had similar viability and equivalent (porcupine) or higher (coyote) germination frequency compared to controls. Additionally, coyote‐ingested seeds germinated earlier (time to germination was low) than controls, but porcupine‐ingested seeds were similar to controls. Thus, our data supports the idea that mammals may be agents of regional Russian olive seed dispersal.
Factors Impacting Discharge Destination Following Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Slijepcevic Allison , Curry Joseph M. , Philips Ramez , Bonaventure Caroline A. , DiLeo Michael , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Crawley Meghan B. , Guice Kelsie M. , McCreary Eleanor , Buncke Michelle , Petrisor Daniel , Wax Mark K. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveDetermine which variables impact postoperative discharge destination following head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction.Study DesignRetrospective review of prospectively collected databases.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction between January 2010 and December 2019 (n = 1972) were included. Preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were correlated with discharge destination (home, skilled nursing facility [SNF], rehabilitation facility, death).ResultsThe mean age of patients discharged home was lower (60 SD ± 13, n = 1450) compared to those discharged to an SNF (68 SD ± 14, n = 168) or a rehabilitation facility (71 SD ± 14, n = 200; p < 0.0001). Operative duration greater than 10 h correlated with a higher percentage of patients being discharged to a rehabilitation or SNF (25% vs. 15%; p < 0.001). Patients were less likely to be discharged home if they had a known history of cardiac disease (71% vs. 82%; p < 0.0001). Patients were less likely to be discharged home if they experienced alcohol withdrawal (67% vs. 80%; p = 0.006), thromboembolism (59% vs. 80%; p = 0.001), a pulmonary complication (46% vs. 81%; p < 0.0001), a cardiac complication (46% vs. 80%; p < 0.0001), or a cerebral vascular event (25% vs. 80%; p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between discharge destination and occurrence of postoperative wound infection, salivary fistula, partial tissue necrosis or free flap failure. Thirty‐day readmission rates were similar when stratified by discharge destination.ConclusionThere was no correlation with the anatomic site, free flap donor selection, or free flap survival and discharge destination. Patient age, operative duration and occurrence of a medical complication postoperatively did correlate with discharge destination.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:95–104, 2023
Incidence of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistula After Pediatric Tracheostomy Decannulation
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor B. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Beams Dylan R. , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) and identify characteristics associated with persistence.Study DesignProspective cohort.MethodsAll successfully decannulated children (<18 years) between 2014 and 2020 at a tertiary children's hospital were included. Revision tracheostomies, concomitant major neck surgery, or single‐stage laryngotracheal reconstructions were excluded. A persistent TCF was defined as a patent fistula at 6 weeks after decannulation.ResultsA total of 77 children met inclusion criteria with a persistent TCF incidence of 65% (50/77). Children with a persistent TCF were younger at placement (1.4 years (SD: 3.3) vs. 8.5 years (SD: 6.5), p < 0.001) and tracheostomy‐dependent longer (2.8 years (SD: 1.3) vs. 0.9 years (SD: 0.7), p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, placement under 12 months of age (86% vs. 26% p < 0.001), duration of tracheostomy more than 2 years (76% vs. 11% p < 0.001), short gestation (64% vs. 26%, p = 0.002), congenital malformations (64% vs. 33%, p = 0.02), newborn complications (58% vs. 26%, p = 0.009), maternal complications (40% vs. 11%, p = 0.009) and chronic respiratory failure (72% vs. 41%, p = 0.01) were associated with persistent TCF. Logistic regression analysis associated duration of tracheostomy (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.35, p < 0.001) and congenital malformations (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–0.99, p = 0.049) with failure to spontaneously close.ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of children will develop a persistent TCF after tracheostomy decannulation. Persistent TCF is correlated with a longer duration of tracheostomy and congenital malformations. Anticipation of this event in higher‐risk children is necessary when caring for pediatric tracheostomy patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:417–422, 2023
Association of APACHE‐II Scores With 30‐Day Mortality After Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Marget Matthew J. , Dunn Raven , Morgan Christie L. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess whether the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE‐II) score is a reliable predictor of 30‐day mortality in the setting of adult patients with ventilator‐dependent respiratory failure (VDRF) who undergo tracheostomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐institution study. Potential subjects were identified using the current procedural terminology codes for the tracheostomy procedure and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes for VDRF. APACHE‐II scores were retrospectively calculated. Tracheostomies were performed in our population over an 18‐month period (November 2018 through April 2020). Our study population did not include patients with novel coronavirus. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 days after tracheostomy.ResultsA total of 238 patients with VDRF who had a tracheostomy were included in this study. Twenty‐eight (11.8%) patients died within 30 days of tracheostomy. The mean (standard deviation) APACHE‐II score was 22.5 (10.2) for patients who died within 30 days of tracheostomy and 19.8 (7.4) for patients living within 30 days of tracheostomy (p = 0.30). Patients with APACHE‐II scores greater than or equal to 30 showed higher odds of death within 30 days of tracheostomy (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.14–7.89, p = 0.03).ConclusionAn APACHE‐II score of 30 and above is associated with mortality within 30 days of tracheostomy in patients with VDRF. APACHE‐II scores may be a promising tool for assessing risk of mortality in patients with VDRF after tracheostomy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:273–278, 2023
Interpreting consequences of inadequate sampling of oceanic motions
Authors: Wang Chuanyin , Liu Zhiyu , Lin Hongyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInadequate sampling of oceanic motions, which commonly occurs for both oceanic measurements and simulations, can cause peculiar spectral features and potentially leads to misinterpretations. Here, we combine an extremely high‐frequency moored velocity record and a high‐resolution numerical simulation with the basic signal‐processing theory to quantitatively explore how varying sampling rates affect the ability to represent oceanic motions, especially internal gravity waves (IGWs). The moored measurements and simulations demonstrate that hourly sampling is sufficient to capture horizontal internal tidal velocities, but inadequate to faithfully characterize the vertical velocity for nearly all frequencies. The daily‐sampled model simulation shows a complicated frequency‐wavenumber spectral pattern of IGWs. Due to contrasting periodicities in time and space, temporal subsampling tends to retain the total variance of original IGWs, while spatial subsampling directly induces spectral energy loss. This study sheds light on data applications of the upcoming satellite altimetry missions.
Pediatric acute liver failure: Reexamining key clinical features, current management, and research prospects
Authors: Ascher Bartlett Johanna M. , Yanni George , Kwon Yong , Emamaullee Juliet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This review aims to synthesize the most updated research, outcomes, and trends in the field of pediatric liver transplantation (LT), specifically focusing on children who have suffered from acute liver failure. Pediatric acute liver failure is a dynamic, life‐threatening condition that can either self‐resolve or lead to death. LT is a lifesaving intervention. With the introduction of technical variant grafts and recent immunosuppression modifications, overall patient survival, graft survival, and waitlist mortality have improved. Furthermore, recent advances in the knowledge of immunologic mediators of acute liver failure offer the possibility of more detailed understanding of the pathophysiology and new areas for research. Given the success of living donor LT for pediatric patients with acute liver failure, this option should continue to be actively considered as an alternative treatment option for patients who are listed for transplantation and are managed at a multidisciplinary tertiary care transplant center.
Factors associated with improved patient and graft survival beyond 1 year in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Squires James E. , Bilhartz Jacob , Soltys Kyle , Hafberg Einar , Mazariegos George V. , Gupta Nitika A. , Anand Ravinder , Anderson Sarah G. , Miloh Tamir ,   for the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With advances in surgical techniques, medical management, and more equitable allocation systems, children who receive a liver transplantation (LT) today can expect remarkable outcomes early after LT. However, beyond 1 year after transplant, attrition rates have not improved. We reviewed two separate eras (Era 1: January 1995–June 2004 vs. Era 2: July 2004–March 2018) of the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation registry to explore the evolution and associated factors contributing to late graft loss (LGL) and late mortality (LM). The fraction of long‐term pediatric LT recipients surviving after 1 year with their first graft significantly improved (81.5% in Era 1 vs. 85.7% in Era 2; p < 0.0001). This improvement occurred despite significant changes in patient selection toward higher risk populations (p < 0.001) and without notable improvement in perioperative complications such as hepatic artery thrombosis (p = 0.24) and early posttransplant reoperation (p = 0.94) that have historically contributed to poor late‐allograft outcomes. Improved outcomes were associated with changes in patient characteristics and perioperative practices, which subsequently impacted both early post‐LT complications as well as other sequalae known to contribute to adverse events in long‐term pediatric LT recipients. In conclusion, despite significant changes in patient selection toward higher risk populations, and without notable improvement in several perioperative complications known to contribute to poor late‐allograft outcomes, significant improvements in LGL and a trend toward improvement in LM was seen in a more contemporary cohort of children receiving an LT.
Board systems, employee representation, and neo‐institutional theory: The moderating effect of economic freedom on corporate boards and financial performance
Authors: Sayari Naz , Marcum Bill 
Published: May 2022

This study assesses the relative financial performance of firms operating in an environment in which economic freedom is protected by effective institutions. To do this, we examine the moderating effect of economic freedom on the relationship between board structure and financial performance. Using longitudinal data across 30 European countries, we find that firms with a one‐tier board consistently outperform those with a two‐tier board, but the relative underperformance of two‐tier boards is partially mitigated by the inclusion of employee representatives. The positive influence of employee representatives on the performance of firms with two‐tier boards is bolstered by greater economic freedom.
Failure diagnosis of linear arrays based on deep residual shrinkage network
Authors: Zheng Guoliang , Zhang Qinghe , Li Shaocong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel array antenna diagnosis method based on a deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) is introduced in the case of linear arrangements. The failure of array elements often leads to significant changes in the far‐field pattern of an array antenna. Therefore, the failure diagnosis of array antennas can be carried out according to the far‐field pattern data. In this paper, the proposed method based on DRSN can automatically learn useful features from the sampled far‐field patterns of the linear array and find the mapping relationship between different far‐field patterns and failure scenarios, to find the locations and number of faulty array elements. Experimental results show that the proposed method based on DRSN has higher diagnostic accuracy in the noise environment at low signal‐to‐noise ratios by comparing with the traditional machine learning algorithm—support vector machine.
Simple preparation and study of superhydrophobic surface of triple‐scale raspberry‐like composite particles
Authors: Mai Chongyang , Yang Li , Lv Chengcheng , Tian Junwen , Gu Qintian , Hu Jian , Jiang Yan , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a facile method for preparing triple‐scale raspberry‐like composite particles. First, the copolymerized microspheres of styrene and 3‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were prepared by suspension polymerization, and then double‐sized SiO2 particles were synthesized by one‐pot using the secondary nucleation phenomenon of ethyl orthosilicate. Finally, the styrene copolymer microspheres were combined with SiO2 particles to form raspberry‐like microspheres. Adjusting the feed rate of the precursor and the water content can achieve the transition from dual‐scale raspberry‐like particles to triple‐scale raspberry‐like particles. The structure and morphology of the composite particles were characterized by infrared analysis, scanning electron microscope, and so forth, and the contact angle to water was measured. The results show that the superhydrophobic surface prepared by triple‐scale raspberry‐like composite particles has a static contact angle of up to 158 ± 1°, and a high Cassie‐Baxter state stability, which can withstand a pressure of up to 565 Pa. It also shows great application potential in self‐cleaning, anti‐freezing and so on.