bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Watering Schedules on Seed Germination of Two Major Agroforestry Species Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Kumar Rikesh , Malakar Ayushman 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Water is an important natural resource supporting life and growth of plants heavily relies on water availability throughout its life cycle. Moisture stress is a major limiting factor in forest crops leading to unsuccessful seed germination. This study investigates the impact of moisture stress on the seed germination of two important agroforestry species Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea through manipulating watering schedules after sowing seeds.
Study Design: Two independent experiments for Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea were designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with six treatments and three replications for each treatment
Place of Study: Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi.
Methodology: The complete experiment was carried inside a temporary polyhouse where the experimental materials were exposed to the six different watering schedule treatments. The first irrigation for all the treatments were started at the same time. The data recorded during the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for statistical significance and difference among treatments were determined by Duncan’s Multiple range test at (P = .05) level.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the treatments and the results show that with increasing level of moisture stress, the germination performance in both species is highly reduced both in terms of germination percentage and germination energy.
Conclusion: Daily watering to the seeds can help to achieve maximum and early seed germination as evident from data of germination energy with maximum values recorded for the treatments with daily watering schedule.
Bacterial Flora of Vegetables Collected from the Supermarket and Vegetable Market
Authors: Poonam . , Rani Asha , Saharan Ritu , Chaudhary Twinkle , Makkar Kanchan , Rani Raj , Srivastava Vivek 
Published: June 2022

To prevent food borne diseases, microbiological control is very important in the food industry. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to conduct a microbiological quality assessment of fresh vegetables that were collected from several regions of Chandigarh. The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial load and safety of vegetables presented for sale in the marketplace. Vegetable samples (tomato and capsicum) collected from two different sites (vegetables market and supermarket), were analyzed for their bacteriological contaminants following different procedures. The maximum bacterial count present in the vegetable market was compared to that of the super market. The micro biota of these vegetable samples was found to be dominated by Staphylococcus and Bacillus. Bacillus and Staphylococcus were detected in tomato and Capsicum respectively. Bacillus and Staphylococcus were included as the most abundant species and as pathogens of concern when working to improve the microbial quality of fresh vegetables. Our study demonstrated that the vegetables, sold in the vegetable market, were found to contain a higher microbial load that may represent a greater risk for human health. Hence, for many microorganisms, vegetables may act as a reservoir colonize and infect the host.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Different Intracanal Irrigants on Root Canal Treatment: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Babar Sana , Ahmed Hina , Sheikh Abubakar , Rashid Saqib , Hosein Tasleem , Mehdi Hasan 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Out of many properties that an endodontic disinfecting agent should possess, the most important is that of having a wide range of antibacterial efficacy. This study has been performed to see the effect of different agents on the bacterial microflora and to see how efficient they are against them. Our study has used 3 different agents (Chlorohexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Neem extract) and compared their efficacy against bacterial microflora.
Study Design: Experimental study design
Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Department of Endodontics at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from February 2020 to March 2020.
Methodology: Infected samples from individuals were collected through paper points and then allowed to be cultured and incubated on blood agar plates at 37 degrees in an incubator for 24 hours. The colonies were then identified through the gram staining procedure and grown on MHA agar to conduct the disk diffusion test for sensitivity. Individual zones of inhibition for irrigants were measured and compared against each other.
Results: A total of 36 infected samples were included in the study out of which 12 samples were irrigated with chlorohexidine, 12 with sodium hypochlorite, and 12 with neem extract. there was a statistically significant difference in mean diameters of the inhibition zone observed between the three groups for the mean inhibition zone (F=12.28, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Chlorohexidine showed greater efficacy against bacterial microflora, compared to both sodium hypochlorite and neem extract.
Enumeration of Bacterial Isolates from Hands of Primary and Post Primary School pupils in Amai, Delta State
Authors: Onuoha T. , Eboh O. J. , Aghanenu A. S. 
Published: June 2022

The presence of bacteria on the hands of fourty (40) school pupils from two different schools (Amai Primary and secondary School) in Amai, Delta State, was analysed. The reason was to enumerate bacteria isolated from hands of students. Swab samples were collected from hands of pupils in both schools of 20 students each of different sex groups. Microbiological methods was used for the isolation, enumeration and antibiotic test of the isolates. The results showed various isolates of Staphylococcus sp 56 (25.7%), Shigella sp 24 (9.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 32 (12.1%), Escherichia coli 41 (15.6%), and Enterococcus sp 36 (11.0%). Staphylococcus aureus 56 (25.3%) and Escherichia coli 41 (15.6%) were the most frequent isolates. The isolation of Shigella sp 24 (9.7%) and Enterococcus sp 36 (11.0%) is of great importance as the isolation of these organisms showed improper faecal wastes disposal around the school environment and also lack of proper clean up after using the convience by the pupils. Testing these isolates to few antibiotics, the isolates were susceptible to Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, while resistant to Augmentin, Amoxicillin, and Ampiclox. This study revealed that the students hands were infested with pathogens due negligence of maintenance culture. Those in charge of schools like the principal are advised to keep soap and water for hand washing, while parents on their part should make available hand washing facilities for their children at home since it will add economic value to the society, why Government should enact laws that will make provision of washing hand amenities in all areas compulsory for individuals.
An Ode to Kodachrome
Authors: Perng Powell , Greer Kenneth E. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceFrom its debut in 1935 until its discontinuation in 2009, Eastman Kodak Company’s Kodachrome color reversal film was a cornerstone for dermatologic teaching innovations that transformed 20th century medical education. This Special Communication examines Kodachrome’s contributions to the field of dermatology, as well as its lessons for improving inclusive representation of patients of all skin tones in 21st century dermatologic curricula.ObservationsKodachrome’s color quality, its slide transparency format, and its broad commercial availability democratized the creation, sharing, and teaching of visual information about skin disease in the 20th century. Kodachrome’s usefulness as a complement to bedside teaching modernized medical school curricula, dermatologic conferences, and the American Board of Dermatology certifying examination, which inspired the Kodachrome-style of didactic that remains central to dermatologic training programs today. However, Kodachrome film was also the product of a prejudiced era when color film technology and photographic best practices were optimized for white skin. These biases are still evident in industry standards, photographic techniques, and the historically unjust representation of skin of color in educational resources.Conclusions and RelevanceKodachrome film contributed substantially to shaping 20th-century medical education; however, its legacy is a reminder that diverse and inclusive image representation in dermatologic curricula is vital to counteracting implicit biases, correcting assumptions about disease epidemiology, and providing high-quality care for patients of all skin tones. Historical biases that have harmed representations of racial and ethnic minorities in dermatologic curricula are being addressed through improvements in digital photographic technologies, photographic best practices that serve a broader range of skin tones, inclusive skin color representation in contemporary educational resources, and skin-of-color specific curriculum for learners.
Modifiers in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry – Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Bulska Ewa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe graphite atomizer is a commonly used reactor where the sample undergoes various processes, leading to the formation of several species, especially free atoms of the analyte of interest in gaseous phase. Thus atomic absorption of the cloud of atoms could be measured. The entire process, including drying, pyrolysis, and finally atomization, depends on the composition of the sample introduced into the atomizer. In graphite furnace, the sample is gradually heated according to the previously set time/temperature program, so that various components of the sample could be evaporated. The best conditions for atomic absorption measurements could be achieved when the matrix components evaporate before analyte atoms appear in the gaseous phase. The better the separation of the evaporation of matrix from the evaporation of analyte, less interference occurs during the measurement. The efficiency of the separation depends on the volatilities of both, matrix and analyte compounds. Generally speaking, the main aim of the modifiers is to provoke intended chemical reaction in order to enhance the separation of matrix and analyte, thus ensure that the atomization process is free from interferences. Commonly, an excess of reagent – modifier, is added intentionally to the sample or atomizer. It aims to transfer the analyte into the less volatile compounds and/or to transfer the matrix compounds to more volatile compounds. Moreover, properly design modification could also play its role in the interaction of the sample with graphite surface and/or unify the atomization process of analyte being present in various species.
“Water‐in‐Salt” Nonalkaline Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enable Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries with Ultra‐Long Operating Time
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Wu Dingsheng , Huang Fenglin , Cai Yibing , Li Yonggui , Ke Huizhen , Lv Pengfei , Wei Qufu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolid‐state zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are regarded as one of the most promising flexible energy storage systems for wearable electronic devices beyond lithium‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, continuous water loss of electrolyte and zinc electrode corrosion severely limit service life of ZABs. Herein, a “water‐in‐salt” (WIS) nonalkaline gel polymer electrolyte with a double network (polyacrylic acid and cellulose nanofibers) is prepared in one step via UV light‐initiated free radical polymerization. The WIS electrolyte is realized by coordination interactions between zinc trifluoromethylsulfonate and acetamide and exhibits extraordinary thermodynamic stability. Benefiting from strong interactions between water and other components, the electrolyte can capture water from ambient air and realize dynamic balance of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, flexible ZAB achieves an ultra‐long cycle time of 1300 h. In addition, the gel polymer electrolyte possesses excellent adhesion property and can be tightly bonded to the electrodes without fixation measures. The fabricated sandwich‐ and cable‐type batteries adapt to complex deformations without sacrificing electrochemical performance, which demonstrates enormous potential for practical wearable applications.
Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Pathogenesis of Endobronchial Tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Xing , Qin Lianhua , Fang Weijun , Lin Dong , Li Xiaolong , Aramini Beatrice , Zheng Ruijuan , Fan Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify novel DNA methylation sites significant for endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and comprehensively understand their underlying pathological mechanisms. The following two steps are performed 1) genome‐wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling in endobronchial internal membrane tissue from EBTB patients and healthy controls and 2) a correlation analysis and causal inference tests (CITs) for DNA methylation and mRNA expression data. A total of 1258 DNA methylation regions (DMRs) are found associated with EBTB. The identified DMRs have regulatory effects on mRNA expression. CITs identified four DNA methylation–mRNA–EBTB regulatory chains (ATP6V1B1, KCNAB2, LRP5, and FCER1G). In conclusion, integrated DNA methylation and transcriptome analyses could provide valuable resources for epigenetics studies in EBTB. In addition, the correlation analysis highlighted the importance of a series of regulatory chains in EBTB pathogenesis. The results enhanced our understanding of the important role of DNA methylation in the pathology of EBTB.
Optimization of formation of phase pure hydroxyapatite and fabrication of electrochemically stable HAP coatings on 316L SS for orthopedic applications
Authors: Stango Arul Xavier , Vijayalakshmi U. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImpact of sintering temperature and aging time was investigated on purity and phase of hydroxyapatite powders synthesized through sol–gel process. Phase, composition, and morphology of the prepared hydroxyapatite powders were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Plausible mechanism respective to the formation of HAP from the precursors Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and triethyl phosphite (TEP) by sol–gel process was determined from 31P NMR analysis. Further, the development of hydroxyapatite coatings on 316L SS metallic surfaces was done by varying the spin coating parameters such as spin speed, spin time, and sintering atmosphere, and their corrosion resistance behavior in SBF solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and TAFEL polarization analysis. From the results, we inferred that the HAP coatings deposited on 316L SS surfaces at 3000 rpm/min under nitrogen atmosphere sintering have shown improved corrosion resistivity. The effect of aging time, sintering atmosphere, and spin speed was evaluated in terms of corrosion resistance behavior.
Polysaccharide‐based electroconductive films for controlled release of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Aycan Didem , Dolapçı Nihal , Karaca Özge Gülüzar , Alemdar Neslihan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHereby, fabrication of hyaluronic acid/gelatin/sodium alginate (HA/Gel/SA) polymeric films, which contain electroconductive poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) particles, is studied for drug release applications. The characterization of synthesized PEDOT:PSS and HA/Gel/SA‐(PEDOT:PSS) films is verified by using FT‐IR and RAMAN spectroscopy. Conductivity values of the films containing 0, 4, and 6% v/v PEDOT:PSS are found via a four‐point probe technique to determine the optimum composition of the films for the targeted field. Additionally, swelling, mechanical, and cytotoxicity tests are carried out according to the related methods. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), which is a commonly used antibiotic, is loaded into the polymeric matrix and its release behavior is investigated. All results indicate that the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS increases the mechanical performance and decreases the burst release of drug resulted in more sustained release profile. The HA/Gel/SA‐(PEDOT: PSS) formulation is clearly a promising drug carrier that also supports cell viability due to its high cytocompatibility.
Active involvement of nursing staff in reporting and grading complication‐intervention events—Protocol and results of the CAMUS Pilot Nurse Delphi Study
Authors: Soliman Christopher , Thomas Benjamin C. , Santaguida Pasqualina , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Mertens Evie , Giannarini Gianluca , Wuethrich Patrick Y. , Wu Michael , Khan Muhammad S. , Nair Rajesh , Thurairaja Ramesh , Challacombe Benjamin , Dasgupta Prokar , Malde Sachin , Corcoran Niall M. , Spiess Philippe E. , Dundee Philip , Furrer Marc A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to gain experienced nursing perspective on current and future complication reporting and grading in Urology, establish the CAMUS CCI and quality control the use of the Clavien‐Dindo Classification (CDC) in nursing staff.Subjects and MethodsThe 12‐part REDCap‐based Delphi survey was developed in conjunction with expert nurse, urologist and methodologist input. Certified local and international inpatient and outpatient nurses specialised in urology, perioperative nurses and urology‐specific advanced practice nurses/nurse practitioners will be included. A minimum sample size of 250 participants is targeted. The survey assesses participant demographics, nursing experience and opinion on complication reporting and the proposed CAMUS reporting recommendations; grading of intervention events using the existing CDC and the proposed CAMUS Classification; and rating various clinical scenarios. Consensus will be defined as ≥75% agreement. If consensus is not reached, subsequent Delphi rounds will be performed under Steering Committee guidance.ResultsTwenty participants completed the pilot survey. Median survey completion time was 58 min (IQR 40–67). The survey revealed that 85% of nursing participants believe nurses should be involved in future complication reporting and grading but currently have poor confidence and inadequate relevant background education. Overall, 100% of participants recognise the universal demand for reporting consensus and 75% hold a preference towards the CAMUS System. Limitations include variability in nursing experience, complexity of supplemental grades and survey duration.ConclusionThe integration of experienced nursing opinion and participation in complication reporting and grading systems in a modern and evolving hospital infrastructure may facilitate the assimilation of otherwise overlooked safety data. Incorporation of focused teaching into routine nursing education will be essential to ensure quality control and stimulate awareness of complication‐related burden. This, in turn, has the potential to improve patient counselling and quality of care.
Bladder augmentation in exstrophy vesicae: Long‐term results of a single experienced center
Authors: Demirkan Hasan , Kuzdan Mehmet Özgür 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we present our long‐term treatment outcomes of bladder augmentation (BA), bladder neck closure, and Mitrofanoff clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) in managing bladder exstrophy (BE).MethodsThis was a retrospective medical records' review of 33 children diagnosed as born with BE, followed up at a tertiary pediatric urology clinic from 1988 to 2020. Outcomes such as surgical interventions, presence of renal calculi, hydronephrosis, and continence status were extracted.ResultsThe median follow‐up of the group was 18.2 (4–26) years. Urinary system stones developed in 10 (30.3%) cases about 8.9 years after BA. Stone development was two times more common in patients who underwent colocystoplasty (33.3%) than those who underwent ileocytoplasty (16.6%). The state of continence of the group was satisfactory in 26 (78.7%; excellent in 23; good in 3 cases) and unsatisfactory (wet) in 6 (18.1%) cases. At the last visit, ultrasonography revealed no hydronephrosis in 23 (69.6%) patients, and the voiding cystourethrogram demonstrated low‐grade vesicoureteral reflux in 10 (30.3%) and high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux in 2 (6%) patients.ConclusionsAn elaborated plan of surgical reconstruction for classic BE can lead to satisfactory long‐term urinary continence in most patients. Ultimate predictors of outcome in BE repair are difficult to ascertain. Consistently, BA, bladder neck closure, and Mitrofanoff CIC continue to stand out at a critical point in the management of those patients with classic BE. Our study demonstrated that augmentation is required to achieve acceptable dryness with high satisfactory dryness rates in BE.
‘The fruit of consultation’: Findings from an online survey on co‐production as a solution to the challenges of safeguarding children and young people in International Christian work
Authors: Oakley Lisa , Lafferty Moira , McFarlane Leigh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncidents of child abuse such as the Oxfam case in 2010 of sexual abuse of children by volunteers' and cases of abuse in orphanages by high‐risk overseas volunteers have highlighted the need for the development of effective safeguarding in the international context. This is of equal importance for faith‐based organisations (FBOs) who, like non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), are obligated to create safe spaces for their beneficiaries. This paper reports the findings from an online survey conducted in 2019, which was completed by 72 participants, 39 were representatives from organisations based in the UK which support individuals to engage in International Christian Work (ICW), 33 were individuals who are or have been engaged in ICW in the last three years. The online survey collected qualitative data, which was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis whilst descriptive analytical techniques were employed on the quantitative data. The findings illustrate commitment to safeguarding children and young people in ICW but also the complexities, challenges and tensions around this. The necessity to work collaboratively in local contexts with co‐production was identified as key to developing effective safeguarding practice. These findings have implications beyond faith‐based organisations to others working in the international context.
Engineering homotype heterojunctions in hard carbon to induce stable solid electrolyte interfaces for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yu Chengxin , Li Yu , Ren Haixia , Qian Ji , Wang Shuo , Feng Xin , Liu Mingquan , Bai Ying , Wu Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective strategies to improve the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycling stability of hard carbon (HC) anodes for sodium‐ion batteries is the key to promoting the commercial application of HC. In this paper, homotype heterojunctions are designed on HC to induce the generation of stable solid electrolyte interfaces, which can effectively increase the ICE of HC from 64.7% to 81.1%. The results show that using a simple surface engineering strategy to construct a homotypic amorphous Al2O3 layer on the HC could shield the active sites, and further inhibit electrolyte decomposition and side effects occurrence. Particularly, due to the suppression of continuous decomposition of NaPF6 in ester‐based electrolytes, the accumulation of NaF could be reduced, leading to the formation of thinner and denser solid electrolyte interface films and a decrease in the interface resistance. The HC anode can not only improve the ICE but elevate its sodium storage performance based on this homotype heterojunction composed of HC and Al2O3. The optimized HC anode exhibits an outstanding reversible capacity of 321.5 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. The cycling stability is also improved effectively, and the capacity retention rate is 86.9% after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 while that of the untreated HC is only 52.6%. More importantly, the improved sodium storage behaviors are explained by electrochemical kinetic analysis.