bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Morphometric Analysis of Pathological Alterations in Hemorrhoidal Disease Versus Normal Controls: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Kuiper Sara Z. , Tol Robin R. van , Lataster Arno , Cleutjens Jack P.M. , Melenhorst Jarno , Dijk Paul van , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Breukink Stéphanie O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Until today, the true pathophysiology of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) has not yet been unraveled. More and more evidence guides us towards the hypothesis that reduced connective tissue stability is associated with a higher incidence of hemorrhoids. The present study aimed to compare the quantity and quality of collagen, and vessel morphometrics, in patients with symptomatic HD compared with normal controls.
Methods Twenty-two samples of grade III and grade IV HD tissue from patients undergoing a hemorrhoidectomy between January 2004 and June 2015 were included in the study group. Samples of 15 individuals without symptomatic HD who donated their body to science and died a natural death served as controls. The quantity and quality of anal collagen, and anal vessel morphometrics were objectified. The quality of collagen was subdivided in young (immature) and old (mature) collagen.
Results Patients with HD had an increased percentage of total anal collagen (62.1 ± 13.8 versus 18.7 ± 14.5%; p = 0.0001), a decreased percentage of young collagen (0.00009 ± 0.00008 versus 0.0008 ± 0.0008%; p = 0.001), and a smaller surface area of the anal vessels (795.1 ± 1215.9 micrometre2 versus 1219.0 ± 1976.1; p = 0.003) compared with controls. The percentage of old collagen did not differ between the control and study groups (0.588 ± 0.286% versus 0.389 ± 0.242%; p = 0.06).
Conclusion The outcomes of the present study suggest that alterations in anal collagen composition may play a role in the formation of hemorrhoids.
Managing customer satisfaction: digital applications for insurance companies
Authors: Eckert Christian , Neunsinger Christof , Osterrieder Katrin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCustomer satisfaction management is increasing in importance within the insurance industry. In particular, to define a customer-oriented strategy, installing digital applications based on technologies, e.g. including artificial intelligence or cloud computing, ranks among the major strategic challenges. Against this background, the aim of this paper is to take an integrated perspective on managing customer satisfaction and the digital transformation. Towards this end, we identify and assess a set of digital applications, as a result of a comprehensive review of 106 academic papers and publications of the industry and supervisory authorities. We illustrate the opportunities to increase customer satisfaction and emphasise their impact on insurers at four major customer touch points: contract conclusion, contract modifications, the event of damage and further contacts. Our results are strategic measures to strengthen the position for sales and marketing, to simplify standard processes and to increase efficiency and interaction with the customer.
Fear of predators in free-living wildlife reduces population growth over generations
Authors: Allen Marek C. , Clinchy Michael , Zanette Liana Y. 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceAccurately evaluating the total impact of predators on prey population growth rates is fundamental to forecasting the consequences of predator conservation and management. That the fear (antipredator responses) predators inspire could contribute to this total impact has only relatively recently been recognized. We experimentally demonstrate that fear itself can impact prey population growth rates in free-living wildlife, extending to transgenerational impacts reducing population growth beyond the parental generation. We report how fear may contribute considerably to the total impact of predators and why this may be the norm in birds and mammals. The critical significance of our work lies in experimentally establishing that inferring the effects of predators using data on direct killing alone risks dramatically underestimating their total impact.
Natural disaster and immunological aging in a nonhuman primate
Authors: Watowich Marina M. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Montague Michael J. ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Simons Noah D. , Horvath Julie E. , Ruiz-Lambides Angelina V. , Martínez Melween I. , Higham James P. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Platt Michael L. , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Brent Lauren J. N. , Higham James P. , Martínez Melween I. , Montague Michael J. , Platt Michael L. , Snyder-Mackler Noah 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Survivors of extreme adverse events, including natural disasters, often exhibit chronic inflammation and early onset of age-related diseases. Adversity may therefore accelerate aging via the immune system, which is sensitive to lived experiences. We tested if experiencing a hurricane was associated with immune gene expression in a population of free-ranging macaques. Exposure to Hurricane Maria broadly recapitulated age-associated molecular changes, including disruptions of protein folding genes, greater inflammatory immune cell marker gene expression, and older biological aging by an average of 2 y—approximately 7 to 8 y of the human lifespan. Together, our findings suggest that experiencing an extreme hurricane is associated with alterations in immune cell gene regulation similar to aging, potentially accelerating aspects of the aging process.
Taking the left way out of Europe
Authors: Zappettini Franco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates how Brexit was de/legitimised by different Labour actors in a corpus of texts published
after the referendum (2016–2020). It thus contributes an intra-party perspective to understanding discursive
dynamics of European (dis)integration by building on the notorious ‘European question’ historically debated inside Labour and on
the polysemy of Brexit constructed by/reflected in such discourses. The analysis, conducted at lexical-semantic and
discursive-pragmatic levels, points to distinct strategic, ideological and ambivalent forms of de/legitimation of Brexit in the
discourses of Labour. While strategic and ambivalent de/legitimation point to the Brexit debate being mainly driven by political
communication logics, ideological de/legitimation highlights a deeper struggle inside Labour over EU-rope, especially in relation
to international vs. national conceptualisations of socialism. While EU-rope was de/legitimised (and Brexit legitimised) by
advocates of ‘socialism in one country’, reverse stances tended to be adopted by supporters of ‘international socialism’.
Polarization-path-frequency entanglement using interferometry and frequency shifters
Authors: Guha Majumdar Mrittunjoy , Chandrashekar C M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Higher dimensional Hilbert space along with ability to control multiple degrees of freedom of photon and entangle them has enabled new quantum protocols for various quantum information processing applications. Here, we propose a scheme to generate and control polarization-path-frequency entanglement using the operative elements required to implement a polarization-controlled quantum walk in the path (position) space and frequency domain. Hyperentangled states manifests in the controlled dynamics using an interferometric setup where half-wave plates, beam-splitters and frequency shifters such as those based on the electro-optic effect are used to manipulate the polarization, path and frequency degrees of freedom respectively. The emphasis is on utilizing the polarization to influence the movement to a specific value in the frequency and position space. Negativity between the subspaces is calculated to demonstrate the controllability of the entanglement between the three degrees of freedom and the effect of noise on the entanglement is modelled using the depolarizing channel. Progress reported with experimental demonstration of realization of quantum walk using quantum states of light makes quantum walks a practical approach to generate hyperentangled states.
Optimization design of GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries with p–n junction and Schottky barrier structures
Authors: Zheng Renzhou , Lu Jingbin , Li Xiaoyi , Wang Yu , Liu Yumin , Xu Xu , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Xue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the calculation model and the optimization design of the GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries with p–n junction and Schottky barrier structures. First of all, by using the Monte Carlo code, the transport process and energy deposition distribution of the

63

Ni

source beta particles in the GaAs material are simulated. The relationships between the output parameters of batteries and the physical parameters of energy converter such as p–n junction depth, Schottky metal thickness, depletion region width and doping concentrations are discussed through the numerical calculation. For the GaAs p–n junction battery, the maximum output power density of 0.135

μ

W

cm

−
2

can be achieved when the junction depth is x

j
= 0.05

μ

m

, the doping concentrations are

N
a

=

10

18

cm

−
3

and

N
d

=
2
×

10

15

cm

−
3

. Meanwhile, the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, filling factor and energy conversion efficiency are 0.254

μ

A

cm

−
2

, 0.638 V, 83.3% and 2.63%, respectively. Among the selected metals of Au, Pd, Ni and Pt for the GaAs Schottky barrier diodes, the Pt-GaAs battery has the best output performance due to its large work function. The maximum output power density of 0.169

μ

W

cm

−
2

can be achieved when a 20 nm thick Schottky metal Pt is selected and the doping concentration is

N
d

=

10

15

cm

−
3

. The associated output parameters of the battery are 0.234

μ

A

cm

−
2

, 0.835 V, 86.5% and 3.29%, respectively.
Typical doses and typical values for fluoroscopic diagnostic and interventional procedures
Authors: Tristram Juliana , Steuwe Andrea , Kröpil Feride , Thomas Christoph , Rubbert Christian , Antoch Gerald , Boos Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To implement typical doses (TD) and typical values (TV) for fluoroscopic diagnostic and interventional procedures. A total of 3811 fluoroscopic procedures performed within 34 months on three devices were included in this retrospective study. Dose-, patient- and procedure-related information were extracted using the institutional dose management system (DMS). TD/TV were defined as median dose and calculated for the five most frequent procedures per device for dose area product (DAP), cumulative air kerma (CAK) and fluoroscopy time (FT). National diagnostic reference levels and other single facility studies were compared to our results. Additionally, the five procedures with the highest doses of each device were analysed. To evaluate the data coverage of the DMS compared to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), procedure lists were extracted from the PACS and compared to the procedure information extracted from the DMS. TD/TV for 15 procedures were implemented. Among all devices, TD for DAP ranged between 0.6 Gycm2 for port catheter control (n = 64) and 145.9 Gycm2 for transarterial chemoembolisation (n = 84). TD for CAK ranged between 5 mGy for port catheter control and 1397 mGy for aneurysm treatment (n = 129) and TV for FT ranged between 0.3 min for upper cavography (n = 67) and 51.4 min for aneurysm treatment. TD for DAP and CAK were lower or within the range of other single facility studies. The five procedures with the highest median DAP per device were identified, 6 of 15 procedures were also found to be among the most frequent procedures. Data coverage of the DMS compared to the PACS ranged between 71% (device 2, stroke treatment) and 78% (device 1, lower limb angiography) for the most common procedure per device. Thus, in 22%–29% of cases dose data of the performed procedure was not transferred into the DMS. We implemented TD/TV for fluoroscopic diagnostic and interventional procedures which enable a comprehensive dose analysis and comparison with previously published values.
Mathematical reformulation of the Kolmogorov–Richardson energy cascade in terms of vortex stretching
Authors: Yoneda Tsuyoshi , Goto Susumu , Tsuruhashi Tomonori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, with the aid of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of forced turbulence in a periodic domain, we mathematically reformulate the Kolmogorov–Richardson energy cascade in terms of vortex stretching. By using the description, we prove that if the Navier–Stokes flow satisfies a new regularity criterion in terms of the enstrophy production rate, then the flow does not blow up. Our DNS results seem to support this regularity criterion. Next, we mathematically construct the hierarchy of tubular vortices, which is statistically self-similar in the inertial range. Under the assumptions of the scale-locally of the vortex stretching/compressing (i.e. energy cascade) process and the statistical independence between vortices that are not directly stretched or compressed, we can derive the −5/3 power law of the energy spectrum of statistically stationary turbulence without directly using the Kolmogorov hypotheses.
How likely can a point be in different Cantor sets
Authors: Jiang Kan , Kong Derong , Li Wenxia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Given

m
∈

N

⩾
2

, let

K
=

K

λ

:
λ
∈

(

0
,
1
/
m

]

be a class of self-similar sets with each

K

λ

=

∑

i
=
1

∞

d

i

λ

i

:

d

i

∈

{

0
,
1
,
…
,
m
−
1

}

,
i
⩾
1

. In this paper we investigate the likelyhood of a point in the self-similar sets of

K

. More precisely, for a given point x ∈ (0, 1) we consider the parameter set

Λ

(

x

)

=

λ
∈

(

0
,
1
/
m

]

:
x
∈

K

λ

, and show that Λ(x) is a topological Cantor set having zero Lebesgue measure and full Hausdorff dimension. Furthermore, by constructing a sequence of Cantor subsets of Λ(x) with large thickness we show that for any x, y ∈ (0, 1) the intersection Λ(x) ∩ Λ(y) also has full Hausdorff dimension.
Thermal conductivity and phonon scattering of AlGaN nanofilms by elastic theory and Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Huang Lihong , Fan Senping , Sang Liwen , Mei Yang , Ying Leiying , Zhang Baoping , Long Hao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) plays an essential role in deep ultra-violet light emitting diodes and high electron mobility transistors etc. For example, 2 nm – 5 nm AlGaN nanofilms consist of the quantum wells in ultra-violet light emitting diodes, which have been attracting extensive attention since the rise of COVID 2019. Since most photons and heat are generated in these AlGaN nanofilms, the thermal properties of AlGaN nanofilms are strongly influenced by the heat dissipation of devices. In this paper, utilizing elastic theory and the Boltzmann transport equation, the phonon dispersion relations, density of states, specific heat capacities and thermal conductivities of 2 nm Al
δ
Ga1−δ
N nanofilms with various δ are theoretically calculated at different temperatures. The thermal conductivity of nanofilm is significantly smaller than that of its bulk counterpart. In contrast with bulk AlGaN, due to the dominance of boundary scattering and alloy disorder scattering, the thermal conductivity of Al
δ
Ga1−δ
N exhibits a similar dependence on Al concentration to bulk Al
δ
Ga1−δ
N. Meanwhile, since the screening of Umklapp scattering, the saturation temperature of thermal conductivity is delayed from 50 to 100 K in bulks to about 300 K in nanofilms. The shrinkage of nanofilms’ thermal conductivity is also slower than for bulks. We believe that our work will be helpful in controlling the self-heating effect of devices based on AlGaN nanofilms.
Particle control in long-pulse discharge using divertor pumping in LHD
Authors: Motojima G , Masuzaki S , Morisaki T , Watanabe K Y , Kobayashi M , Ida K , Sakamoto R , Yoshinuma M , Seki R , Nuga H , Tsujimura T , Suzuki C , Emoto M , Tsuchibushi Y , Murase T , Takeiri Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Density control is crucial for maintaining stable confined plasma. Divertor pumping, where neutral particles are compressed and exhausted in the divertor region, was developed for this task for the Large Helical Device. In this study, neutral particle pressure, which is related to recycling, was systematically scanned in the magnetic configuration by changing the magnetic axis position. High neutral particle pressure and compression were obtained in the divertor for a high plasma electron density and the inner magnetic axis configuration. Density control using divertor pumping with gas puffing was applied to electron cyclotron heated plasma in the inner magnetic axis configuration, which provides high neutral particle compression and exhaust in the divertor. Stable plasma density and electron temperature were maintained with divertor pumping. A heat analysis shows that divertor pumping did not affect edge electron heat conductivity, but it led to low electron heat conductivity in the core caused by electron-internal-transport-barrier-like formation.
Dynamics of breathers and rogue waves in scalar and multicomponent nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Weiying , Wang Xiubin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new method, the variable separation technique, for obtaining a breather and rogue wave solution to the nonlinear evolution equation. Integrable systems of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger type are used as three examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method. We then obtain a family of rational solutions. This family of solutions includes the Akhmediev breather, the Kuznetsov-Ma breather, versatile rogue waves, and various interactions of localized waves. Moreover, the main characteristics of these solutions are discussed and some graphics are presented. More importantly, our results show that more abundant and novel localized waves may exist in the multicomponent coupled equations than in the uncoupled ones.
Precision measurements and tau neutrino physics in a future accelerator neutrino experiment
Authors: Tang Jian , Vihonen Sampsa , Xu Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate prospects of building a future accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment in China, including site selection, beam optimization and tau neutrino physics aspects. CP violation, non-unitary mixing and non-standard neutrino interactions are discussed. We simulate neutrino beam setups based on muon and beta decay techniques and compare Chinese laboratory sites by their expected sensitivities. A case study on the Super Proton–Proton Collider and the China JinPing Laboratory is also presented. It is shown that the muon-decay-based beam setup can measure the Dirac CP phase by about 14.2° precision at 1σ CL, whereas non-unitarity can be probed down to ∣α

ij
∣ ≲ 0.37 (i ≠ j = 1, 2, 3) and non-standard interactions to

∣

ϵ

ℓ
ℓ
′

m

∣
≲

0.11 (

ℓ
≠
ℓ
′
=
e

, μ, τ) at 90% CL, respectively.
Gold nanolens for chiral single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Shutova Mariia , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Kamble Mrunal , Sokolov Alexei V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High demand for techniques to study molecular chirality inspires us to develop a nanolens for light with orbital angular momentum (OAM). The proposed nanolens can efficiently focus light with OAM onto the nanoscale, and create a so-called plasmonic vortex, which is much smaller than the diffraction limited vortex focused by an ordinary lens. The generated plasmonic vortex can efficiently differentiate between left- and right-handed molecules and probe electronic dipole-forbidden transitions. The nanolens consists of several radially aligned rods, and exploits surface plasmons to generate a plasmonic vortex-like structure in the center. We optimize this design to be suitable for beams with various topological charges, and to be easy to manufacture for the visible wavelengths range. We prove that nanolens can work efficiently with both even and odd number of rods. We study the efficiency of the nanolens for both left- and right-handed light, and show the resultant electric field and phase distributions.
The potential of energy storage systems associated with PV generation to postpone investments in capacity expansion
Authors: Manito A R A , Almeida M P , Filho G F P , Almeida J C , Rodrigues M A C , Torres P F , Pinho J T , Zilles R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Postponement of infrastructure investment is often regarded as a potential benefit of distributed PV generation. However, PV has questionable impact on the postponement of investments for infrastructure capacity increase. This paper evaluates under which conditions and to which extent distributed photovoltaics and energy storage systems are able to aid the distribution system in terms of alleviating the loading of feeders. The methodology consists of a sensitivity analysis, in different demand and generation scenarios, on the impacts that photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems would have in alleviating distribution feeders. In each scenario, the synergy between energy storage and PV generation is evaluated by estimating the amount of energy storage capacity needed to reduce the peak demand to a desired level. Results show that the existence of PV generation may reduce the storage capacity needed (and consequently the cost) to achieve a desired peak demand reduction only if proper conditions are found in the demand curve.
Estimation of cycling aging of lithium-ion batteries for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Nakama V , Lafoz M , Nájera J , Sal y Rosas D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The installation of photovoltaic microgrids to meet energy needs has had a significant increase in recent years. Likewise, the use of lithium batteries to improve the performance of the microgrid is an issue that is being studied. In this sense, it is important to know the electrical response of the lithium battery under such environment and its degradation. In this sense, this paper presents a methodology developed for the mathematical modelling of the electrical behaviour of a lithium battery. This methodology has been developed from the integration of three mathematical models: dynamic model, thermal model and aging model. During its operation, the lithium battery will be subjected to constant charging and discharging processes (dynamic model), as well as to thermal stress, because of the combined effect of the current flow and the ambient temperature (thermal model), which will generate a lithium battery capacity loss (aging model). For the analysis, real data on photovoltaic production, residential consumption profile, ambient temperature and 48V 100Ah LFP battery datasheet have been used. The developed methodology allows estimating the aging of a lithium battery in real time.
Average photon energy assessment based on modelled spectra from the National Solar Radiation Database for Lima, Peru
Authors: Sevillano-Bendezú M A , Conde L A , de la Casa J , Töfflinger J A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The photovoltaic performance under operating outdoor conditions is affected by the variability of the solar spectrum. The spectral distribution is quantifiable using the average photon energy (APE). In the present study, we characterize the spectral distribution in a low-latitude location such as Lima - Peru through a decade of simulated solar spectra obtained on demand from the National Solar Radiation Database and taking as a reference one year of ground-based experimental data following the decade of theoretical spectra. This characterization utilizes annual and monthly averages of irradiance-weighted APEs. The results indicate a difference of only 0.2% between the average annual APE for the decade and the annual ground-based experimental APE. Additionally, the theoretical monthly APEs for the decade show a seasonality consistent with our experimental data for the summer months but not for the winter months.