bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
282 SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS COMPLETING A GERIATRIC REHABILITATION PROGRAM
Authors: Lynch A , Flood E , Mello S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Geriatric Rehabilitation (GR) delivers person-centered care focused on achieving self-determined goals. While there is evidence for significant physical gain during GR, there is a paucity of articles describing its effect on self-reported Quality-of-Life (QoL). This study aims to ascertain the effect of GR on QoL and to assess whether positive effects persist even if patients do not achieve functional independence.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet data that is routinely collected for service evaluation purposes. All patients with complete data sets in 2021 were included. Barthel Index (BI) which quantifies functional independence and EQ5D which measures QoL were collected on admission and discharge. Both measures are scored out of one hundred, with higher scores indicating more positive results. Patients were divided into two groups based on BI at discharge (BI&gt;90 and BI&lt;90) and outcomes were analysed using t-tests.

Results
Among 122 patients, the mean age was 80 (range 64-96) and 50 (41%) were male. 68 patients (56%) had a BI&gt;90 at discharge and 54 (44%) had a BI&lt;90. Those with a BI&lt;90 reported an overall improvement in QoL after GR (45 vs 68, p&lt;0.0001), similar to those who achieved a BI&gt;90 (55 vs 80, p&lt;0.0001). However, those with BI&gt;90 rated their QOL higher than those with a BI&lt;90 (80 vs 68, p=0.008). Higher pre-morbid frailty level, fear of falling, and having delirium during GR were all significantly associated with worse outcomes (BI&lt;90) at discharge.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that GR improves self-reported QOL regardless of improvement in functional independence. Positive effects of GR have potential to extend beyond physical function, addressing other issues such as sarcopenia and fear of falling which improve QOL. Individually tailored GR programs should be considered for all older persons experiencing functional decline after hospitalisation or in the community.
294 INTEGRATION OF MUSIC THERAPY WITHIN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM FOR OLDER ADULTS IN AN ACUTE HOSPITAL
Authors: Hayes R , Cassidy M , Nevin R , Walsh K , Griffin A , Mealy B , Herbst J , Carroll KM 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Music Therapy (MT) is an evidence-based intervention in which a music therapist uses music within a therapeutic relationship to achieve targeted goals. Studies show that MT may improve patient communication, cognition and mood, and facilitate rehabilitation by improving motor skills, particularly in those with stroke and Parkinson’s disease. We aimed to integrate MT within our geriatric multidisciplinary team (MDT) by: (1) promoting knowledge of MT among MDT staff; and (2) developing and implementing a MT referral pathway for patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess its overall impact.

Methods
Music therapists delivered oral presentations and experiential learning through creative workshops, collaboration and feedback to allied health therapists in our geriatric MDT. Criteria for referrals for MT and a referral pathway were developed. Data on patients who received MT was collated.

Results
There were 70 referrals for MT from our MDT. 61% were female, mean age 77 years. Referral sources were occupational therapists (45%), speech therapists (34%), medical social workers (13%), physiotherapists (8%). Patients included those with stroke (41%), general medical conditions (23%), dementia (16%), Parkinson's (11%) and mental health concerns (9%). There were 16 joint MDT sessions and a mean of 5 MT sessions per patient (about 40 minutes in duration). Interventions included: Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT), singing and vocal exercises, Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), Musical Neglect Training (MNT), Therapeutic Instrumental Musical Performance (TIMP), reminiscence and song-writing. Overall, we identified better engagement with rehabilitation and improvements in mood, speech (voice strength and verbal fluency) and upper and lower limb co-ordination.

Conclusion
MT was successfully integrated into a geriatric MDT and had beneficial effects on patient mood, speech, communication and motor function. Education of MDT members was crucial in achieving appropriate MT referrals. Joint MDT’s also facilitated individualised MT interventions. Findings strongly support our model that incorporates MT within an MDT.
334 FASTTRAX - A FRACTURE RESPONSE SERVICE FOR NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Authors: Noonan C , Coveney S , Coughlan T , Kennelly S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Nursing Home Residents (NHR) are the frailest group of older people and require a gerontologically attuned approach to care. The new FastTrax fracture response service has been developed as a result of a Quality Improvement (QI) project to evaluate the need for this service. The data leading to the development of this pathway is presented here. FastTraX ensures NHR receive optimal orthopaedic and gerontological care without necessity for emergency department (ED) presentation.

Methods
A retrospective, medical chart review was completed on all NHRs who presented over12-months to a level-4 hospital ED following a fall/injury. Included patients were nursing home residents with suspected fracture discussed with the on-call orthopaedic service. Patients who required more complex imaging other than plain film or with known/suspected head trauma were excluded. Data collected included demographics, clinical and imaging details, and care outcomes.

Results
In 2021, there were sixty-nine (mean age 80.3, 82.6% female) NHR presentations to the ED with fracture/ injury where orthopaedic opinion was sought following x-ray. Just-under half, 49.2 % (34/69) of patients were admitted, all of whom had confirmed fractures. However, 32.3% (11/34) of admitted NHRs were conservatively treated with an average length-of-stay of 3.6 days before discharge to NH. 6/34 (17.6%) of admitted NHRs died, and 5 of those deaths occurred post-operatively. Of the 50.7% (35/69) discharged directly back to NH from ED, 45.7% (16/35) of those had no fracture, whereas 54.2% (19/35) were discharged for conservative management. Therefore, potentially only 29/69 (33%) ED presentations required definitive orthopaedic/gerontological intervention necessitating admission and two-thirds are potentially avoidable.

Conclusion
The new FastTraX fracture response service is an Advanced-Nurse Practitioner (rANP) co-ordinated integrated service combining use of on-site mobile radiological diagnostics in the NH, a fast-track ambulatory orthopaedic-consult clinic, and specialist gerontological care delivered in timely response to support NH staff in avoiding ED transfer where appropriate.
3-D reconstruction of rice leaf tissue for proper estimation of surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts facing intercellular airspaces from 2-D section images
Authors: Ouk Rachana , Oi Takao , Sugiura Daisuke , Taniguchi Mitsutaka 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The surface area of mesophyll cells (Smes) and chloroplasts (Sc) facing the intercellular airspace (IAS) are important parameters for estimating photosynthetic activity from leaf anatomy. Although Smes and Sc are estimated based on the shape assumption of mesophyll cells (MCs), it is questionable if the assumption is correct for rice MCs with concave–convex surfaces. Therefore, in this study, we establish a reconstruction method for the 3-D representation of the IAS in rice leaf tissue to calculate the actual Smes and Sc with 3-D images and to determine the correct shape assumption for the estimation of Smes and Sc based on 2-D section images.

Methods
We used serial section light microscopy to reconstruct 3-D representations of the IAS, MCs and chloroplasts in rice leaf tissue. Actual Smes and Sc values obtained from the 3-D representation were compared with those estimated from the 2-D images to find the correct shape-specific assumption (oblate or prolate spheroid) in different orientations (longitudinal and transverse sections) using the same leaf sample.

Key Results
The 3-D representation method revealed that volumes of the IAS and MCs accounted for 30 and 70 % of rice leaf tissue excluding epidermis, respectively, and the volume of chloroplasts accounted for 44 % of MCs. The shape-specific assumption on the sectioning orientation affected the estimation of Smes and Sc using 2-D section images with discrepancies of 10–38 %.

Conclusions
The 3-D representation of rice leaf tissue was successfully reconstructed using serial section light microscopy and suggested that estimation of Smes and Sc of the rice leaf is more accurate using longitudinal sections with MCs assumed as oblate spheroids than using transverse sections with MCs as prolate spheroids.
Identifying the critical state of complex biological systems by the directed-network rank score method
Authors: Zhong Jiayuan , Han Chongyin , Wang Yangkai , Chen Pei , Liu Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivationCatastrophic transitions are ubiquitous in the dynamic progression of complex biological systems; that is, a critical transition at which complex systems suddenly shift from one stable state to another occurs. Identifying such a critical point or tipping point is essential for revealing the underlying mechanism of complex biological systems. However, it is difficult to identify the tipping point since few significant differences in the critical state are detected in terms of traditional static measurements.ResultsIn this study, by exploring the dynamic changes in gene cooperative effects between the before-transition and critical states, we presented a model-free approach, the directed-network rank score (DNRS), to detect the early-warning signal of critical transition in complex biological systems. The proposed method is applicable to both bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This computational method was validated by the successful identification of the critical or pre-transition state for both simulated and six real datasets, including three scRNA-seq datasets of embryonic development and three tumor datasets. In addition, the functional and pathway enrichment analyses suggested that the corresponding DNRS signaling biomarkers were involved in key biological processes.Availability and implementationThe source code is freely available at https://github.com/zhongjiayuan/DNRS.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EvAM-Tools: tools for evolutionary accumulation and cancer progression models
Authors: Diaz-Uriarte Ramon , Herrera-Nieto Pablo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSummaryEvAM-Tools is an R package and web application that provides a unified interface to state-of-the-art cancer progression models and, more generally, evolutionary models of event accumulation. The output includes, in addition to the fitted models, the transition (and transition rate) matrices between genotypes and the probabilities of evolutionary paths. Generation of random cancer progression models is also available. Using the GUI in the web application, users can easily construct models (modifying directed acyclic graphs of restrictions, matrices of mutual hazards or specifying genotype composition), generate data from them (with user-specified observational/genotyping error) and analyze the data.Availability and implementationImplemented in R and C; open source code available under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 at https://github.com/rdiaz02/EvAM-Tools. Docker images freely available from https://hub.docker.com/u/rdiaz02. Web app freely accessible at https://iib.uam.es/evamtools.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Through Thick and Thin: Unpacking the Association between Role Stress and Job Performance by a Nationally Representative Sample of Chinese Child Welfare Workers
Authors: Jiang Shan , Jiang Chaoxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Role stress is considered a risk factor for child welfare workers’ job performance, but little is known about its influencing paths. This study examines the mediating effects of two dimensions of collective psychological ownership in the association between role stress and job performance and reveals how Chinese culture shapes child welfare workers’ thoughts and behaviours. A sample of 2,943 Chinese child welfare workers is obtained from the data-set of the 2019 China Social Work Longitudinal Study. Findings illustrate that the association between role stress and job performance is partially mediated by shared decision-making and shared hardship endurance. The mediating effect of shared hardship endurance is much stronger than that of shared decision-making. This study clarifies the underlying mechanisms between role stress and job performance, enriching the limited knowledge of the child welfare profession. Practical implications for improving the job performance of child welfare workers are provided.
A Wealth Tax at Work
Authors: Thoresen Thor O , Ring Marius A K , Nygård Odd E , Epland Jon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, the question of whether and, in the event, how to tax household wealth has risen to the forefront of policy debates across the world. As Norway belongs to only a handful of countries that (still) levy an annual net wealth tax, we use the Norwegian example to review the case for annual taxation of wealth. Our discussion benefits from the use of rich administrative data, enabling us to provide a comprehensive set of empirical facts that are useful in assessing the merits of wealth taxation. We consider some of the central issues in the wealth tax debate: how the taxation of wealth fits in with personal income tax, distortionary effects, redistributional effects, and the extent to which wealth taxation may cause adverse liquidity effects for private firms. Taken together, we consider that the evidence presented here does not weaken the case for maintaining the tax in the Norwegian case: we find favorable distributional effects and efficiency losses appear to be limited (JEL codes: H21, H23, H25, and H31).
Costs Attributable to Clostridioides difficile Infection Based on the Setting of Onset
Authors: Sahrmann John M , Olsen Margaret A , Stwalley Dustin , Yu Holly , Dubberke Erik R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Although hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with significant healthcare costs, the economic burden of CDI with onset in other facilities or the community has not been well studied.

Methods
Incident CDI cases were identified using 2011–2017 Medicare fee-for-service data. Controls were randomly selected in a 4:1 ratio matching to the CDI case surveillance definition. Inverse probability of exposure weights were used to balance on measured confounders. One-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative costs attributable to CDI were computed using a 3-part estimator (parametric survival model and pair of 2-part models predicting costs separately in intervals where death did and did not occur).

Results
A total of 60 492 CDI cases were frequency-matched to 241 968 controls. One-, 3-, and 5-year adjusted attributable costs were highest for hospital-onset CDI at $14 257, $18 953, and $21 792, respectively, compared with hospitalized controls and lowest for community-associated CDI compared with community controls at $1013, $3161, and $6454, respectively. Adjusted 1-, 3-, and 5-year costs attributable to community-onset healthcare facility–associated CDI were $8222, $13 066, and $16 329 and for other healthcare facility-onset CDI were $5345, $6764, and $7125, respectively.

Conclusions
Economic costs attributable to CDI in elderly persons were highest for hospital-onset and community-onset healthcare facility–associated CDI. Although lower, attributable costs due to CDI were significantly higher in cases with CDI onset in the community or other healthcare facility than for comparable persons without CDI. Additional strategies to prevent CDI in the elderly are needed to reduce morbidity and healthcare expenditures.
Intake of Ultra-processed Foods Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Crohn’s Disease: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Analysis of 187 154 Participants in the UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Jie , Wellens Judith , Kalla Rahul , Fu Tian , Deng Minzi , Zhang Han , Yuan Shuai , Wang Xiaoyan , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue , Satsangi Jack 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ultra-processed food [UPF] consumption has been linked to globally increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. We aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and IBD incidence, prevalence, and IBD-relevant outcomes.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study in 187 854 individuals included in the national UK Biobank, using 24-h dietary recall questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to examine the association between UPFs and the prevalence and incidence risk of IBD, respectively.

Results
A total of 185 849 participants with a mean age of 56.2 were included, with a mean follow-up of 9.84 years. During follow-up, 841 developed IBD (251 Crohn’s disease [CD], and 590 ulcerative colitis [UC]). UPF intake in IBD patients was significantly higher: CD: odds ratio [OR] 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52, 2.49, p &lt;0.001); UC: OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.65, p &lt;0.001]. Compared with low consumption, higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with incident CD: hazard ration [HR] 2.00 [95% CI: 1.32, 3.03, p = 0.001], but not UC. We also found a significant association between UPF intake and need of IBD-related surgery: HR 4.06 [95% CI: 1.52, 10.86, p = 0.005].

Conclusion
Higher intake of UPFs was associated with higher incidence of CD, but not UC. In individuals with a pre-existing diagnosis of IBD, consumption of UPFs was significantly higher compared with controls, and was associated with an increased need for IBD-related surgery. Further studies are needed to address the impact of UPF intake on disease pathogenesis and outcomes.
Multi-Dimensional Skills and Gender Differences in STEM Majors
Authors: Saltiel Fernando 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between pre-college skills and gender differences in STEM majors. I use longitudinal data to estimate a generalised Roy model of initial major choices and subsequent graduation outcomes. I recover students’ latent math ability, non-cognitive skills and math self-efficacy. High–math-ability women have lower math self-efficacy than men. Mathematical ability and self-efficacy shape the likelihood of STEM enrolment. A lack of math self-efficacy drives women’s drop out from STEM majors. I find large returns to STEM enrolment for high–math-ability women. Well-focused math self-efficacy interventions could improve women’s STEM graduation rates and labour market outcomes.
Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the German National Cohort (NAKO): Design & Current Status
Authors: Bamberg F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits non-invasive, non-ionizing phenotyping of the human body and ideally complements the epidemiological assessment of the NAKO participants. As such, it allows for the detection of morphologic or functional predisposition, early disease stages prior to overt clinical events as well as evident pathological changes. The assessment of progression and regression of imaging phenotypes over time will provide the basis to identify and understand the relevance of imaging-based risk factor profiles for disease development.

Methods
Integrated in the general NAKO study program and managed by a central Imaging Core, study participants underwent whole-body imaging at five dedicated MR imaging sites. Imaging was performed on five identical 3 Tesla scanners (Magnetom Skyra, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) applying a one hour protocol, including sequences for the brain, the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system as well as for the thorax and abdomen. Comprehensive measures to assure high image quality and management of incidental findings were established.

Results
As part of the baseline examination program, a total of 30,861 participants successfully underwent the MR imaging program. All measures of quality assurance and incidental findings management were successfully employed throughout the study period and obtained image quality and completeness of all MR sequences was excellent (&gt;94.2% completeness). While MR imaging as part of the first re-examination is ongoing, baseline MRI data is currently accessible for scientific analyses.

Conclusions
The MRI-Study of the NAKO will provide a comprehensive imaging phenotypic biobank covering different organ systems with highest morphological and functional detail. MRI data analysis will gain novel insights into the natural history of disease development, the role of subclinical disease burden, and revolutionize our understanding of imaging biomarkers of risk.
The Berlin index of health and social deprivation: a data based tool to tackle health inequality
Authors: Zeiher J , Häßler K , Finger JD , Haase A , Hermann S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Reducing socially induced health inequalities is a key task of urban and regional public health authorities. The Berlin index of health and social deprivation (BIHSD) 2022 aims to show regional differences in health and social situation in sub-areas of the city, to observe developments over time and to identify socially deprived sub-areas of the city.

Methods
The BIHSD 2022 is based on 20 indicators, most of which come from official statistics. Principal component analyses were applied to calculate subindices for the dimensions employment (e.g. unemployment rate), social conditions (e.g. risk-of-poverty rate) and health (e.g. premature mortality). Based on these subindices the final health and social index was derived. The (sub)indices are available on different spatial levels. Relative changes compared to the BIHSD 2013 were calculated to identify regional trends in the transitions in the social structure and health of the city over time.

Results
Besides improvements for most indicators over time in most regions of Berlin, there is still significant evidence for health and social inequality across the city. For example, long-term unemployment rate varies between 0.5% and 40.4% on the lowest spatial level. Following a secular trend, there are substantial improvements in former deprived areas in the inner city while in many peripheral residential areas with an average social structure in the past a downwards trend was observed.

Conclusions
Deprivation indices are helpful tools for research and health reporting in providing evidence for regional inequality. Additionally, they can be used to tailor health promotion strategies and to promote a targeted allocation of financial resources. For example, results of the BIHSD 2022 are being used in epidemiological analyses (e.g. regional inequalities in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection) and for (health) policy planning (e.g. needs- and demand-based planning of healthcare).

Key messages
• The Berlin index of health and social deprivation 2022 show regional differences in health and social situation in sub-areas of the city and documents developments over time.
• The index is being used in epidemiological analyses, to tailor health promotion strategies, and to promote a targeted allocation of financial resources.