bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hydroponic system for natural turf that can take extreme wear as an alternative to artificial grass surfaces
Authors: Sternberg Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural grass areas in high‐traffic and stress locations are being converted into artificial grass by inconsistent moisture conditions in root‐zone and poor grass conditions. As an alternative solution to this method, natural grass was planted instead in a washed sand without organic matter and with a constantly moving water table and no overhead irrigation. Water consumption and surface quality after heavy machinery exposure was measured. A significantly increase in the potential for traffic and play was observed, along with water savings of up to 85% compared with normal overhead irrigation amounts for similar surfaces (golf course tees).
Selenium attenuates the cadmium‐induced placenta glucocorticoid barrier damage by up‐regulating the expression of specificity protein 1
Authors: Wu Sisi , Chen Na , Tong Xia , Xu Xu , Chen Qihui , Wang Fan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and pregnant women are especially susceptible to the effects of exposure to Cd. Our previous study found Cd can be accumulated in the placenta and causes fetal growth restriction (FGR) through damage the placental glucocorticoid barrier. Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, can allivate Cd‐induced toxicity. In this study, we aim to explore the protective mechanism of Se against Cd‐induced the placental glucocorticoid barrier damage and FGR. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to CdCl2 (1 mg/kg/day) and Na2SeO3 (0.1–0.2–0.3 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 19. The results showed that reduced fetal weight, increased corticosterone concentrations in the maternal and fetal serum, and impaired placental labyrinth layer blood vessel development, appeared in pregnant rats after Cd exposure and improved after treated with Se. In cell experiments, we confirmed that Se reduces Cd‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, Se can abolish Cd‐induced 11β‐HSD2 and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) decreasing in vivo and vitro. In human JEG‐3 cells, the knockdown of Sp1 expression by small interfering RNA can suppressed the protective effect of Se on Cd‐induced 11β‐HSD2 decreasing. In general, our results demonstrated that Se is resistant to Cd‐induced FGR through upregulating the placenta barrier via activation of the transcription factor Sp1.
2‐Methoxy‐5((3,4,5‐trimethosyphenyl) seleninyl) phenol causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NSCLC cells through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and MDM2 inhibition
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Yuting , Bian Jiang , Liu Bolin , Li Xuefen , Guan Qi , Li Zengqiang , Zhang Weige , Wu Yingliang , Zuo Daiying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies and needs novel and effective chemotherapy. In this study, our purpose is to explore the anticancer effects of 2‐methoxy‐5((3,4,5‐trimethosyphenyl) seleninyl) phenol (SQ) on human NSCLC (A549 and H460) cells. We found that SQ suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cells in time‐ and dose‐dependent manners, and blocked the cells at G2/M phase, which was relevant to microtubule depolymerization. Additionally, SQ induced A549 and H460 cell apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further, we demonstrated that SQ enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pretreatment with N‐acetyl‐
L‐cysteine (NAC) attenuated SQ‐induced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, SQ mediated‐ROS generation caused DNA damage in A549 and H460 cells. Our data also revealed that SQ‐induced apoptosis was correlated with the inhibition of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in A549 and H460 cells. In summary, our research indicates that the novel compound SQ has great potential for therapeutic treatment of NSCLC in future.
Design optimization of linear arrays and time‐modulated antenna arrays using meta‐heuristics approach
Authors: Poddar Suman , Paul Prajat , Chakraborty Avishek , Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents an approach to design a non‐uniformly excited linear array antenna (LAA) and an alternate solution to LAAs in the form of time‐modulated linear arrays (TMLA) for optimum far‐field radiation pattern synthesis. The performance analysis of both the antenna arrays is studied, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed design approaches are presented with numerical outcomes. The far‐field radiation pattern is optimized to reduce the interference by simultaneously lowering the sidelobe levels and increasing the directivities of LAAs and TMLAs. A recently proposed meta‐heuristics computation technique called whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed to get the optimal results. The current excitation amplitude and the inter‐element spacing of the 16‐element LAA are optimized with WOA to attain the desired results. However, due to the large dynamic range ratios (DRRs) of excitation weights, array feed network complexities are increased, which restricts the design of typical LAAs. TMLAs can be regarded as an alternative solution where the problem of large DRRs as well as the design complexities of LAAs are eliminated. The concept of ‘time’ is vital in time‐modulation as it plays the role of an added degree of freedom realized by periodically turning ON and OFF the radio‐frequency switches with an electronic control circuit to achieve an enhanced array radiation pattern. WOA is utilized to determine the optimal switch‐ON time periods for each array element and the optimal inter‐element spacing of a 16‐element TMLA. A set of numerical results validates the advantages of TMLAs over LAAs, and the limitations of TMLAs with respect to LAAs are also indicated. The performance of both the arrays is then compared with other published literature results to establish the superiority of the proposed approach.
Revised HAS‐BLED score for bleeding prediction in atrial fibrillation patients with oral anticoagulants
Authors: Methavigul Komsing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere were several limitations to the original HAS‐BLED (oHAS‐BLED) score in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This trial studied the revised HAS‐BLED (rHAS‐BLED) score for predicting bleeding events in anticoagulated AF patients.MethodsThis study retrospectively recruited anticoagulated AF patients in the Central Chest Institute of Thailand between 2014 and 2021. The rHAS‐BLED score was oHAS‐BLED using the estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for abnormal renal function, SAMe‐TT2R2 score of ≥3 for labile INR, and adding clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) into bleeding history. The outcome was major bleeding (MB) and/or CRNMB at 1‐year follow‐up visit. The outcome between both groups was compared by using the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test. Receiver‐operating characteristics curve was used to analyze the discrimination performances of both scores and the results were illustrated by using c‐statistics.ResultsA total of 256 anticoagulated AF patients were enrolled. The average age was 73.6 ± 10.1 years. The average oHAS‐BLED and rHAS‐BLED scores were 1.7 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 1.2, respectively. Twenty patients in rHAS‐BLED ≥3 (15.9%) and 9 patients in rHAS‐BLED <3 (6.9%) experienced MB and/or CRNMB. The rHAS‐BLED score of ≥3 increased the bleeding risk with statistical significance (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.11–5.81, p = .04). The discriminative performance of the rHAS‐BLED score was illustrated with c‐statistics of 0.61 (95% CI 0.50–0.71).ConclusionsThe rHAS‐BLED score could predict bleeding events in anticoagulated AF patients. However, a larger study is needed to confirm these results in the future.
Experiences of participation in a population‐based survey on violence: Emotional discomfort, disclosure concerns, and the perceived value of participation among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Zhu Liping , Seya Marie Kaye Soletchi , Villaveces Andrés , Conkling Martha , Trika Beugre Joseph , Kamagate Maman Fathim Myriam , Annor Francis B. , Massetti Greta M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accurate measurement of violence depends on high‐quality data collected using methods that ensure participant confidentiality, privacy, and safety. To assess survey participants’ emotional distress, discomfort, and self‐perceived value of participating in the Honduras (2017), El Salvador (2017), Cote d'Ivoire (2018), and Lesotho (2018) Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, which include sensitive topics such as sexual, physical, and emotional violence, we investigated individual self‐reported distress and perceived value of participation by age, sex, and other demographic factors. We also examined the associations between past experiences of violence and both self‐reported distress and perceived value of survey participation. Few individuals reported distress or concerns about disclosure. Across countries, 82.9% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 96.1% (Honduras) of participants indicated they were not afraid that someone might overhear their answers, 82.5% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 98.0% (El Salvador) said participation was not upsetting or stressful, and 93.3% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 98.6% (Honduras) said participation was worthwhile. The value of these interviews may exceed the negative feelings that some questions potentially elicit and can contribute to improved responses to victims.
W band vector millimeter‐wave signal generation based on a new photonic frequency quadrupling without optical filter
Authors: Wang Dongfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we have proposed and verified a new frequency quadrupling scheme to achieve the generation of W band (75 G–110 G) vector millimeter‐wave signal (mm‐wave), in which optical filter is needless. To eliminate constellation overlapping of the generated vector mm‐wave signal caused by phase multiplication in the process of frequency multiplication, precoding assisted technique is adopted. Simulations are done to generate 80 GHz 16 phase‐shift keying (16PSK) modulated vector mm‐wave signals using a 20 GHz radio frequency source and the bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed in detail. The results show that BER of the generated 10 Gbit/s vector mm‐wave signal is below 3.8 × 10−3, when the input optical power for into photodetector is higher than −5 dBm.
31P MRSIat 7 T enables high‐resolution volumetric mapping of the intracellular magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles
Authors: Franke Vanessa L. , Breitling Johannes , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Korzowski Andreas 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe non‐invasive determination of the free magnesium ion concentration ([Mg2+free]) using31P MRSI in vivo is of interest in research on various pathologies, e.g. diabetes. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of31P MRSI at 7 T to enable volumetric, high‐resolution mapping of [Mg2+free].Methods3D31P MRSI datasets from the lower leg of three healthy volunteers were acquired at B0 = 7 T with a nominal spatial resolution of (8 × 8 × 16) mm3in 56 min. Volumetric [Mg2+free] maps were calculated based on the quantified local chemical shift difference between the α‐ and β‐resonance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) considering also local pH values. Mean [Mg2+free] values from three different muscle groups were compared. To demonstrate the potential of reducing the measurement time, the analysis was repeated on the acquired MRSI data retrospectively reconstructed with fewer averages.ResultsThe generated [Mg2+free] maps revealed local differences, and mean [Mg2+free] values of (1.08 ± 0.03) mM were found in the tibialis anterior, (0.91 ± 0.04) mM in the soleus and (0.98 ± 0.03) mM in the gastrocnemius medialis. The time‐reduced 28‐min scan resulted in comparable [Mg2+free] maps, and mean values being in agreement with the values from the 56‐min scan.Conclusion31P MRSI at 7 T enables volumetric, high‐resolution mapping of free magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles. The measurement time of the31P MRSI acquisition can be reduced to 28 min, opening the potential to apply volumetric [Mg2+free] mapping for the investigation of pathologies with altered magnesium homeostasis.
Design and pilot testing of a 26‐gauge impedance‐electromyography needle in wild‐type and ALS mice
Authors: Rutkove Seward B. , Le Mai , Ruehr Sophie A. , Nagy Janice A. , Semple Carson , Sanchez Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsNeedle impedance‐electromyography (iEMG) is a diagnostic modality currently under development that combines intramuscular electrical impedance with concentric electromyography (EMG) in a single needle. We designed, manufactured, and tested a prototype iEMG needle in a cohort of wild‐type (WT) and SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice to assess its ability to record impedance and EMG data.MethodsA new six‐electrode, 26‐gauge, iEMG needle was designed, manufactured and tested. Quantitative impedance and qualitative “gestalt” EMG were performed sequentially on bilateral quadriceps of 16‐wk‐old SOD1G93A ALS (N = 6) and WT (N = 6) mice by connecting the needle first to an impedance analyzer (with the animal at rest) and then to a standard EMG system (with the animal fully under anesthesia to measure spontaneous activity and briefly during awakening to measure voluntary activity). The needle remained in the muscle throughout the measurement period.ResultsEMG data were qualitatively similar to that observed with a commercially available concentric EMG needle; fibrillation potentials were observed in 84% of the ALS mice and none of the WT mice; motor unit potentials were also readily identified. Impedance data revealed significant differences in resistance, reactance, and phase values between the two groups, with ALS animals having reduced reactance and resistance values.DiscussionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of a single iEMG needle conforming to standard dimensions of size and function. Further progress of iEMG technology for enhanced neuromuscular diagnosis and quantification of disease status is currently in development.
Implementing a rapid fetal exome sequencing service: What do parents and health professionals think?
Authors: Mellis Rhiannon , Tapon Dagmar , Shannon Nora , Dempsey Esther , Pandya Pranav , Chitty Lyn S. , Hill Melissa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrenatal exome sequencing (pES) for the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities is being introduced more widely in clinical practice. Here we explore parents' and professionals' views and experiences of pES, to identify perceived benefits, concerns, and support needs.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 parents and 20 health professionals (fetal medicine and clinical genetics) with experience of rapid pES prior to implementation in the English National Health Service. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsParents and professionals were largely positive about pES, emphasising clinical and psychosocial benefits of a timely, definitive diagnosis in pregnancy. Concerns included parental anxiety related to the timing of pES results or uncertain findings, a need for guidelines for case selection and reporting, and ensuring sufficient capacity for counselling, phenotyping and variant interpretation. Professionals were concerned non‐genetics professionals may not be equipped to counsel parents on the complexities of pES.ConclusionThese findings highlight important issues for clinical implementation of pES. Expert counselling is required to enable parents to make informed decisions during a stressful time. To achieve this, professionals need further education and training, and fetal medicine and genetics services must work closely together to ensure parental understanding and appropriate support.
Type 1 diabetes and pro cycling: 10 years of learning from the professionals
Authors: Scott Sam N , Hayes Charlotte , Castol Rafael , Fontana Federico Y 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
People living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are recommended to undertake regular exercise to maintain health and wellbeing. However, the effects of exercise on glucose concentration are complex, and despite advances in supportive technologies and insulins, exercise remains a challenge for people living with T1D. Despite the challenges, Team Novo Nordisk (TNN) has demonstrated that with planning and determination, people with T1D can successfully pursue endurance sports. TNN has developed, refined, and adapted evidence‐based scientific strategies for managing nutrition and glycaemia in elite‐level athletes with T1D participating in ultra‐endurance events. Advances in technologies, such as continuous glucose monitoring, have facilitated non‐invasive and comprehensive observation of the TNN riders, who are supported by a multidisciplinary team of doctors, coaches, researchers, and nutritionists to formulate individualised data‐driven strategies. This article highlights the current learnings and data‐informed strategies being employed to assist management of diabetes in a professional endurance sport environment, almost 10 years after the publication of ‘Lessons from the professionals: diabetes and pro cycling’ (2013). In recent years, TNN has placed a high level of emphasis on research to improve safety and athletic performance while also striving to make these insights widely available to benefit the broader community. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Erythema annulare centrifugum associated with insulin therapy: a case report
Authors: Mohapatra Liza , Mangaraj Swayamsidha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A 52‐year‐old man with type 2 diabetes presented with peripherally spreading erythematous annular eruptions around the insulin injection sites on the anterior thighs. These lesions appeared shortly after initiation of subcutaneous premix human insulin injection. On examination, two well‐defined annular erythematous plaques of size around 10cm x 5cm with a rim of trailing scale over the margin were seen over the anterior aspect of bilateral thighs. He underwent assessment for diabetic complications screening and other relevant investigations. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed uninvolved epidermis along with classical coat sleeve appearance of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and dermal oedema in the upper dermis, which was suggestive of a diagnosis of erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC). The lesions resolved completely in two weeks after stoppage of insulin.Insulin administration is associated with many cutaneous adverse reactions such as lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy, oedema and allergic reactions. Allergic reactions to insulin may be localised cutaneous ones or systemic ones necessitating stoppage or change of insulin preparation. EAC is an uncommon inflammatory dermatologic condition whose exact aetiology is unknown and most probably represents delayed type hypersensitivity to various allergens. To the best of our knowledge, the association of insulin therapy induced EAC has not been previously reported in the literature. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Lessons from France on the regulation of Internet pornography: How displacement effects, circumvention, and legislative scope may limit the efficacy of Article 23
Authors: Thurman Neil , Nalmpatian Asmik , Obster Fabian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2020, the French Parliament passed an amendment that put the country at the forefront of attempts by democratic states to restrict young people's access to legal online pornography. This study examines the necessity for and potential efficacy of the amendment, Article 23, through a comparative analysis of emerging legislative and regulatory approaches in France, the UK, Canada, Utah, and Germany, and through a survey of French 15‐, 16‐, and 17‐year‐olds. Among other things, our survey shows that 41% of 15‐, 16‐, and 17‐year‐olds in France visit dedicated pornographic sites, on average monthly and often much more frequently. However, the range of media platforms via which French adolescents are exposed to pornography, their knowledge about technologies that could circumvent age verification, and the power, scope, and implementation of Article 23 may limit the legislation's efficacy. Our findings suggest the mechanisms that may limit its efficacy include media displacement, socio‐technical circumvention, and the Article's relatively broad and imprecise nature. This study has implications for legislators and regulators in democratic countries beyond France as they too grapple with the challenges of regulating online pornography. Furthermore, it extends the often contradictory and/or limited evidence that exists about adolescents' consumption of pornography.
Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Quagliano Amado Javier Carlos , Ross Pablo Germán , Mattos Silva Murakami Lidia , Narciso Dutra Jorge Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews hydroxyl‐terminal polybutadiene (HTPB) used as liner and binder for composite propellants, applied in rocket motors studied throughout the last decades, emphasizing the recent advances. The contribution aims to show the importance of HTPB in the propellant composition and on the liner coating of the rocket motor, which is in contact with the propellant grain. This paper also shows that many researchers have thoroughly studied several properties of HTPB, which are relevant to its role in liners and propellants. We have also reviewed analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as a characterization technique for HTPB and HTPB‐based polyurethanes. Reflection and transfectants FTIR may be a future trend in studies about polymeric matrices for liners and propellants, and in the area of propellant formulations that use energetic binders, graphene and nanomaterials.
The competitive effects of IPOs on industry rivals
Authors: Henry Joseph J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractI study the impact of initial public offerings (IPOs) on industry rival performance. Instrumenting for IPO completion with post‐IPO filing NASDAQ returns, I find no impact of IPOs on average rival sales growth, return on sales (ROS), or Tobin’s q after 3 years. However, post‐IPO rival performance varies with rival financial constraints. Relative to peers, rivals with low cash or high leverage exhibit lower sales growth, ROS, and q values, accompanied by lower capital expenditures and employment growth. I provide causal evidence of the competitive impact of IPOs and highlight the competitive cost of financial constraints following industry IPO activity.