bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Foraging Domestic Burglary: An Analysis of Crimes Committed Within Police-Identified Optimal Forager Patches
Authors: Halford Eric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCrime linkage is a systematic way of assessing behavioural or physical characteristics of crimes and considering the likelihood they are linked to the same offender. This study builds on research in this area by replicating existing studies with a new type of burglar known as optimal foragers, who are offenders whose target selection is conducted in a similar fashion to foraging animals. Using crimes identified by police analysts as being committed by foragers this study examines their crime scene behaviour to assess the level of predictive accuracy for linking crimes based on their offending characteristics. Results support previous studies on randomly selected burglary offence data by identifying inter-crime distance as the highest linking indicator, followed by target selection, entry behaviour, property stolen and offender crime scene behaviour. Results discuss distinctions between this study and previous research findings, outlining the potential that foraging domestic burglary offenders display distinct behaviours to other forms of offender (random/marauder/commuter).
Early Therapeutic Interventions for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Rationale and Review of the Literature
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Trifiletti Daniel M. , McBain Catherine , O’Connor James , Coope David J. , Akkari Leila , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Borst Gerben R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Glioblastoma is the commonest primary brain cancer in adults whose outcomes are amongst the worst of any cancer. The current treatment pathway comprises surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy though unresectable diffusely infiltrative tumour cells remain untreated for several weeks post-diagnosis. Intratumoural heterogeneity combined with increased hypoxia in the postoperative tumour microenvironment potentially decreases the efficacy of adjuvant interventions and fails to prevent early postoperative regrowth, called rapid early progression (REP). In this review, we discuss the clinical implications and biological foundations of post-surgery REP. Subsequently, clinical interventions potentially targeting this phenomenon are reviewed systematically.

Recent Findings
Early interventions include early systemic chemotherapy, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, local therapies delivered during surgery (including Gliadel wafers, nanoparticles and stem cell therapy) and several radiotherapy techniques. We critically appraise and compare these strategies in terms of their efficacy, toxicity, challenges and potential to prolong survival. Finally, we discuss the most promising strategies that could benefit future glioblastoma patients.

Summary
There is biological rationale to suggest that early interventions could improve the outcome of glioblastoma patients and they should be investigated in future trials.
Sr Isotope Ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in Water and Fish Otoliths as Estuarine Salinity Tracers: Case Studies from Three NW African Rivers
Authors: Höpker Sebastian N. , Wu Henry C. , Lucassen Friedrich , Sadio Oumar , Brochier Timothée , Nuworkpor Ishmael Y. , Kasemann Simone A. , Merschel Peter , Westphal Hildegard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariations of strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in river systems are increasingly utilised to geochemically trace origin and movement patterns of migratory fish species. Accretionary calcified structures, such as otoliths, preserve 87Sr/86Sr signatures of the surrounding water during a fish’s lifetime. In this study, we present 87Sr/86Sr measurements of water samples and catfish otoliths collected in the estuaries of the Sine-Saloum (Senegal), the Gambia River (The Gambia), and the Volta River (Ghana) to assess their systematics and relationships with salinity. The three rivers possess distinct hydrological properties resulting in variable degrees of correlations between 87Sr/86Sr and salinity. The Gambia River (87Sr/86Sr of ~ 0.71209) proved exceptionally preconditioned for the approach due to well-defined geochemical end-members, allowing for quantitative estimates of salinity based on otolith 87Sr/86Sr measurements. The Volta River (~ 0.71392) presents a more complex case due the possible influence of multiple water sources to the main channel, while the inverse salinity gradient and excessive evaporation in the Sine-Saloum estuary (~0.70915) impede any significant correlations between 87Sr/86Sr and salinity. Bulk otolith 87Sr/86Sr values in the Gambia River and Volta River clearly depicted a mixed influence of seawater and riverine compositions, strongly encouraging the application of this approach for geochemical fingerprinting of critical NW African species.
Antibody–drug conjugates—the magic bullet?
Authors: Aretin Marie-Bernadette 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a relatively new class of highly potent molecules which combine the targeting properties of monoclonal antibodies with the cell destructive properties of cytotoxic agents in order to reduce systemic exposure and toxicity of the latter. Gemtuzumab–ozogamicin was the first-in-class drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, but later approval was withdrawn. In the meantime, the number of these types of drugs available for clinical use is rapidly evolving. This review gives a brief overview of currently approved ADCs, with special consideration of pharmaceutical aspects
An Asian perspective on the governance of cyber civilization
Authors: Kokuryo Jiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes potential benefits of adopting Asian philosophies in considering the design of “cyber civilization” governance. The West is currently struggling to balance the use of data for commercial purposes with the social good stemming from the protection of personal privacy and dignity. It is also grappling with the idea of machines having autonomous capabilities that human minds alone were supposed to monopolize. East Asia, with its tradition of Confucianism, Buddhism, and animism, has long emphasized the virtue of mutual benevolence as well as conviviality with nature, both of which may be contrasted with the Western emphasis on the autonomy of individuals and the supremacy of humans over nature. We need to revisit such foundational schools of thought in view of such factors as network externalities of data, extremely low marginal cost of digital services, and high level of traceability, all of which are altering the historical prerequisites of the modern market economy. In the face of the emergence of a new civilization, we need to find a guiding philosophy which allows us to develop policies that adequately benefit all people. There are notions such as integrity (fiduciary responsibility) that East and West share and that may be adopted to build broadly acceptable governance principles.
Efficient unconstrained black box optimization
Authors: Kimiaei Morteza , Neumaier Arnold 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor the unconstrained optimization of black box functions, this paper introduces a new randomized algorithm called . In practice, matches the quality of other state-of-the-art algorithms for finding, in small and large dimensions, a local minimizer with reasonable accuracy. Although our theory guarantees only local minimizers our heuristic techniques turn into an efficient global solver. In very thorough numerical experiments, we found in most cases either a global minimizer, or where this could not be checked, at least a point of similar quality to the best competitive global solvers. For smooth, everywhere defined functions, it is proved that, with probability arbitrarily close to 1, a basic version of our algorithm finds with $${{\mathcal {O}}}(n\varepsilon ^{-2})$$

O
(
n

ε

-
2

)

function evaluations a point whose unknown exact gradient 2-norm is below a given threshold $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

, where n is the dimension. In the smooth convex case, this number improves to $${{\mathcal {O}}}(n\log \varepsilon ^{-1})$$

O
(
n
log

ε

-
1

)

and in the smooth (strongly) convex case to $${{\mathcal {O}}}(n\log n\varepsilon ^{-1})$$

O
(
n
log
n

ε

-
1

)

. This matches known recent complexity results for reaching a slightly different goal, namely the expected unknown exact gradient 2-norm is below a given threshold $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

. Numerical results show that is effective and robust in comparison with the state-of-the-art local and global solvers on the unconstrained test problems of Gould et al. (Comput Optim Appl 60:545–557, 2014) for optimization and the test problems of Jamil and Yang (Int J Math Model Numer Optim 4:150, 2013) for global optimization with 2–5000 variables.
Remanufacturing of single-use medical devices: a case study on cross-border collaboration between the UK and Nigeria
Authors: Oturu Kingsley , Ijomah Winifred , Orr Andrew , Verpeaux Laura , Broadfoot Ben , Clark Stuart , Devine Ryan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the current state of the remanufacturing of medical devices, considering the differences between developed and developing countries. With reference to various socio-economic factors, the impact of remanufacturing to sustainability was evaluated and from this, single-use medical devices were deemed to be critical in minimising waste within the medical industry. This is even more critical with increasing use of single-use devices in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. It was identified that cleaning is a key consideration for ensuring a safe remanufacturing process that would minimise the risk of infection to patients. Therefore, this process was evaluated and appropriate recommendations made. Although there may be some challenges, further research would be required for integration of the methodology and process outlined into the medical sector.
Mission engineering for the RETALT VTVL launcher
Authors: De Zaiacomo Gabriele , Blanco Arnao Gonzalo , Bunt Riccardo , Bonetti Davide 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, the rapid and successful development of reusable launch systems such as SpaceX’ Falcon 9 demonstrated both the operational feasibility of reusable launchers and their economic viability. The objective of recovering a launcher or a launcher’s booster requires to safely return the launch vehicle from orbital or sub-orbital conditions to a soft landing. To increase the reusability, decrease the turnaround time and reduce costs, a precise touchdown on a pre-defined landing site or on a floating barge on the Ocean is preferred to splashdown in the water, due mainly to the highly detrimental effect of the salted water on the launcher components and equipment. The project RETALT (Retro Propulsion Assisted Landing Technologies) was funded by the EU Horizon 2020 program to study and develop critical technologies for launcher recovery based on retro-propulsion. In this context, and based on in-house experience and tools, DEIMOS Space carried out the mission engineering of the RETALT1 vehicle concept to assess the feasibility of a return mission, from a wide range of Main Engine Cut-Off (MECO) conditions, when the stage is separated from the rest of the launch vehicle, in line with the available propellant budget, and while maintaining the peak entry conditions within acceptable limits. Either a DownRange Landing (DRL) on a drone ship at sea or a Return To Launch Site (RTLS) to land in the proximity of the launch pad is performed based on the velocity and distance at MECO from the launch site. For the landing burn, a safe splashdown approach has been implemented to avoid damaging the ground infrastructure in case of anomalies during the flight. Based on the mission feasibility assessment, the needs for the vehicle recovery have been identified, leading to the definition of preliminary mission requirements at the system and subsystem level. Consequently, the consolidation of the return mission design was possible and optimised trajectories have been defined for the DRL and RTLS scenarios.
Estimation of nutritional postharvest losses along food value chains: A case study of three key food security commodities in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bechoff Aurélie , Shee Apurba , Mvumi Brighton M. , Ngwenyama Patrick , Debelo Hawi , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Nyanga Loveness K. , Mayanja Sarah , Tomlins Keith I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPostharvest losses (PHLs) amplify food insecurity and reduce the amount of nutrients available to vulnerable populations, especially in the world's Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). However, little is known about nutrient loss at the various postharvest stages. The objective of our study was to develop a methodology and a tool to estimate nutritional postharvest losses (NPHLs) along food value chains for three distinct food commodities in sub-Saharan Africa. The study used a combination of literature, laboratory and field data to investigate NPHLs caused by both changes in quantity and quality of food material (quantitative and qualitative NPHLs, respectively). The method can be expanded to various other food value chains. A user-friendly predictive tool was developed for case studies involving maize and cowpea in Zimbabwe, and for sweet potato in Uganda. Quantitative and qualitative NPHLs were combined and converted into predicted nutrient loss and nutritional requirement lost due to postharvest losses. The number of people who may not meet their daily nutritional needs, as a result of the food and nutrient losses at country level, was estimated. The estimates consider nutritionally vulnerable groups such as children under five years and pregnant women. The nutrient density of the harvested food material, the level of food production, the postharvest stages along the food value chain, the levels of pest damage along the value chain, and the susceptibility of the nutrients to degradation e.g. during storage, are all important factors that affect NPHLs. Our modelling work suggests that reducing PHLs along food value chains could significantly improve access to nutritious food for populations in LMICs.
Variational principle for some nonlinear problems
Authors: Tian Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA variational principle is established by the semi-inverse method and used to solve approximately a nonlinear problem by the Ritz method. In this process,it may be difficult to solve a large system of algebraic equations,the Groebner bases theory (Buchberger’s algorithm) is applied to solve this problem. The results show that the variational approach is much simpler and more efficient.
Characterizing the role of bots’ in polarized stance on social media
Authors: Aldayel Abeer , Magdy Walid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a rising concern with social bots that imitate humans and manipulate opinions on social media. Current studies on assessing the overall effect of bots on social media users mainly focus on evaluating the diffusion of discussions on social networks by bots. Yet, these studies do not confirm the relationship between bots and users’ stances. This study fills in the gap by analyzing if these bots are part of the signals that formulated social media users’ stances towards controversial topics. We analyze users’ online interactions that are predictive to their stances and identify the bots within these interactions. We applied our analysis on a dataset of more than 4000 Twitter users who expressed a stance on seven different topics. We analyzed those users’ direct interactions and indirect exposures with more than 19 million accounts. We identify the bot accounts for supporting/against stances, and compare them to other types of accounts, such as the accounts of influential and famous users. Our analysis showed that bot interactions with users who had specific stances were minimal when compared to the influential accounts. Nevertheless, we found that the presence of bots was still connected to users’ stances, especially in an indirect manner, as users are exposed to the content of the bots they follow, rather than by directly interacting with them by retweeting, mentioning, or replying.
Hypogonadisme en een kinderwens, hebben we opties om te behandelen?
Authors: van Breda H. M. K. , de Kemp Vincent F. 
Published: February 2022

SamenvattingHypogonadisme bij mannen is een klinisch én biochemisch syndroom met een negatieve invloed op de kwaliteit van leven en op multipele orgaansystemen. De gouden standaard is testosterontherapie. Exogeen testosteron heeft een negatieve invloed op de endogene testosteronproductie en spermatogenese, met subfertiliteit of onvruchtbaarheid tot gevolg. Na staken kan het 1–2 jaar duren tot de fertiliteit hersteld is; bij 10% van de patiënten herstelt deze zich niet. Behandelaren en patiënten zoeken naar een alternatieve behandeling. Momenteel is alleen humaan chorion gonadotrofine (HCG) hiervoor geregistreerd. Naast leefstijladviezen worden offlabel ook selectieve oestrogeenreceptormodulatoren (SERM’s) en aromataseremmers (AI’s) gebruikt. Clomifeencitraat, een SERM, is potentieel een alternatief voor testosterontherapie bij mannen die vruchtbaar willen blijven. Het middel leidt tot een verhoging van de testosteronspiegel en heeft geen negatieve invloed op de spermatogenese.
Dynamics of Dissolved Ions in the Rhizosphere Under Flooded Conditions
Authors: Mansour Mostafa M. , Soliman Enas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil salinity represents one of the major threats of land degradation and desertification under arid and semi-arid environments. It has an adverse influence on soil-water-plant relationships, posing serious challenges to agricultural productivity. The main objective of this work was to monitor the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) application and irrigation with low-quality water on the dynamics of dissolved salts and yield of rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) under flooded conditions. Accordingly, field and column experiments were carried out with three treatments of irrigation water, namely, tap, saline-sodic, and saline, as well as three rates of FYM application (0, 12, and 24 Mg ha-1). The obtained data indicated that the highest grain yields were found under the treatment with tap water followed by saline water amended with FYM at 24 Mg ha-1. The loss of ions (Na+, HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) from the soil irrigated with saline water was greater than that from irrigated with saline-sodic water. The addition of FYM led to an increase in the leaching of most ions (Na+, HCO3-, and Cl- in particular) and decreased their accumulation in soils irrigated with saline and saline-sodic waters. The regression studies revealed that FYM application may be attributed to the increase in soil resistance against secondary salinization through improving water and salt flux out of the rhizosphere. Under flooded conditions, these findings support the hypothesis that using FYM in conjunction with saline irrigation water has a beneficial effect, while saline-sodic irrigation water should be used with a calcium source.
Mobilizing Home: Diasporic Agitations and the Global Remakings of Postwar Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Lu Vivian Chenxue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of shifting global geographies of labor and political volatility, Nigerian migrant associations play a significant role in organizing diasporic life. Yet, far from being a culturally static feature, Igbo Nigerian associations emerge through diasporic agitations, or dynamic mobilizations around particular events, crises, and projects that deliberately engage the postcolonial state. Lu first reconsiders the significance of 1970s post-civil war reconstruction in southeastern Nigeria before tracing subsequent transformations in flexible diasporic organizations within Global South locations such as China and Dubai. These agile and multi-scalar diasporic mobilizations enable their members to negotiate the nexus of postcolonial politics and transnational capitalism.
“Bananas are for Women, Coffee is for Men”: Gendered Narratives of Agricultural Histories on Mount Meru, Tanzania
Authors: Williams Beth Ann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe history of coffee cultivation on Mount Meru in northern Tanzania has been narrated by men and most scholars as a tale of extraordinary achievement and unfortunate decline. Meru women, however, associate coffee agriculture with gender inequality and social disorder. Complicating narratives of cash crop agriculture as a straightforward communal good, Williams uses oral histories to explore alternative renderings of Meru agricultural history, centering memories that highlight coffee’s role in reifying patriarchal power. Women’s concern with labor exploitation and emphasis on relational integrity challenge our understanding of what coffee represents in Meru history and our ideal models for pursuing sustainable growth through cash crop commodities.
Music as Socially Reproductive Labor: Murid Creative Practice in Dakar’s Médina
Authors: Kibbee Brendan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Médina, a crowded, working-class neighborhood in Dakar, disciples’ associations (dahiras) from the Murid Islamic Brotherhood turn city streets into spaces of participatory musical performance on a nightly basis. While the Brotherhood is frequently cited for its industriousness, scholars have generally focused on the agricultural and commercial aspects of Murid labor, rather than the creative aspect. This article examines how the Brotherhood’s valuing of creative activitiesaslabor mitigates against the stigma that many young men in Médina face when they are expected to be productive members of society while largely being excluded from the prevailing global economic order.
Transvenous Embolization of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with Cortical Venous Drainage
Authors: Nassar Mark , Nijjar Nazukjit Kaur , Kaderali Zul , Silvaggio Joseph , Shankar Jai 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are direct shunts between extracranial or meningeal arteries and dural sinuses, dural veins, or cortical veins. They account for 10%–15% of all intracranial vascular malformations. DAVFs are classified according to two classification systems, Borden and Cognard, both of which are based on the venous drainage pathway and presence of antegrade or retrograde venous flow. A multidisciplinary approach using endovascular techniques has become the mainstay of treatment. We present two cases of DAVF with cortical venous drainage (Borden type 3) that were successfully treated using a transvenous approach via the draining subarachnoid veins.