bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of different positron emitters on the performance of a clinical PET/MR system
Authors: Meng Xiangxi , Liu Hui , Li Hui , Wang Shujing , Sun Hongwei , Wang Feng , Ding Jin , He Liuchun , Chen Xin , Jin Lujia , Dong Yun , Zhu Hua , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe positron range and prompt gamma emission are distinctive with different positron emitters. The performance assessment of an integrated PET/MR scanner with these positron emitters is required for related applications, as the magnetic field interferes with the positron propagation. Such an assessment is to be performed on the United Imaging uPMR 790‐integrated PET/MR system.MethodsThe performance measurement methods were modified based on NEMA NU 2‐2012, involving18F,64Cu,68Ga,89Zr, and124I as positron emitters. The NEMA IEC phantom was used for evaluations of image qualities. An agarose cap was wrapped around the point source for tissue‐simulating spatial resolution measurement. The count rate performance was assessed with selected positron emitters. Images of a 3D‐printed Derenzo phantom and representative patients were also acquired.ResultsThe image quality measurement showed that all five positron emitters were suitable for the PET/MR system studied. However, due to the magnetic field, the image of the point source showed an elongated comet‐tail feature, which could be eliminated by a tissue‐simulating cap. This effect is more obvious in124I and68Ga, due to their long positron ranges. The imaging ability with various positron emitters was further validated with the count rate assessment, the Derenzo phantom, and the clinical images.ConclusionsDifferent positron emitters could be effectively imaged by the PET/MR system tested. The resolution measurement strategy proposed could be applied to measure PET spatial resolution in the magnetic field.
Whole‐brain mapping of mouse CSF flow via HEAP‐METRIC phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Li Juchen , Pei Mengchao , Bo Binshi , Zhao Xinxin , Cang Jing , Fang Fang , Liang Zhifeng 
Published: February 2022

PurposeCSF plays important roles in clearing brain waste and homeostasis. However, mapping whole‐brain CSF flow in the rodents is difficult, primarily due to its assumed very low velocity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel phase‐contrast MRI method to map whole‐brain CSF flow in the mouse brain.MethodsA novel generalized Hadamard encoding–based multi‐band scheme (dubbed HEAP‐METRIC, Hadamard Encoding APproach of Multi‐band Excitation for short TR Imaging aCcelerating) using complex Hadamard matrix was developed and incorporated into conventional phase contrast (PC)‐MRI to significantly increase SNR.ResultsSlow flow phantom imaging validated HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI’s ability to achieve fast and accurate mapping of slow flow velocities (~102 µm/s). With the SNR gain afforded by HEAP‐METRIC scheme, high‐resolution (0.08 × 0.08 mm in‐plane resolution and 36 0.4 mm slices) PC‐MRI was completed in 21 min for whole‐brain CSF flow mapping in the mouse. Using this novel method, we provide the first report of whole‐brain CSF flow in the awake mouse brain with an average flow velocity of ~200 µm/s. Furthermore, HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI revealed CSF flow was reduced by isoflurane anesthesia, accompanied by reduction of glymphatic function as measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI.ConclusionWe developed and validated a generalized HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI for mapping low velocity flow. With this method, we have achieved the first whole‐brain mapping of awake mouse CSF flow and have further revealed that anesthesia reduces CSF flow velocity.
Optimization assisted deep learning based intrusion detection system in wireless sensor network with two‐tier trust evaluation
Authors: Kagade Ranjeet B. , Jayagopalan Santhosh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, owing to the openness of transmission medium, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffer from a variety of attacks, together with DoS attacks, tampering attacks, sinkhole attacks, and so on. Therefore, an effectual system is necessary for recognizing the intrusions in WSN. This paper aims to set up a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) via a deep learning model. Initially, optimal cluster head (CH) is selected among the sensor nodes, from which the sensor nodes that have high energy will be prioritized to act as CH. In this proposed work, the CH selection is evaluated optimally by not only considering the energy parameter, further under the constraints like delay and distance. For optimal selection, a novel approach named as self‐improved sea lion optimization (SI‐SLnO) model is introduced in this work. As per the proposed strategy, the trust of CH and nodes is evaluated based on a multidimensional two‐tier hierarchical trust model by considering content trust, honesty trust, and interactive trust. Finally, the deep learning‐based intrusion detection takes place via optimized neural network (NN), where the training is done by the proposed SI‐SLnO algorithm via the optimal weight tuning process. At last, the supremacy of the developed approach is examined via evaluation over numerous extant techniques.
Semi‐labeled unrooted binary tree optimization subject to nonnegativity
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Soheil , Wormald Nick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet denote the distance matrix of n objects, and let T be an unrooted binary tree in which the leaves denote those n objects. We want to find such a tree with the constraint that the edge weights are nonnegative where the distances between the leaves best estimate their corresponding values in D. Accordingly, we have adopted the residual sum of squares (RSS) criterion to minimize the discrepancy between the distance between leaves in the tree and their corresponding distance in D. For this optimization problem, we have designed an iterated local search (ILS) scheme based on the nearest neighbor interchange (NNI) operation to search the neighborhood.
Anomalous structural recovery in the near glass transition range in a polymer glass: Data revisited in light of temperature variability in vacuum oven‐based experiments*
Authors: Jin Shuang , McKenna Gregory B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is considerable interest in data reported by Cangialosi et al. [Cangialosi, D., Boucher, V. M., Alegría, A., & Colmenero, J. (2013). Physical Review Letters, 111(9), 095701] that purportedly showed unusual irregular responses in the isothermal structural recovery behavior of glasses because the observation challenges the general view of the dynamics being smooth functions of time as observed in extensive dilatometric experiments by Kovacs [Kovacs, A. J. (1964). In Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren‐Forschung, 3, 394–507. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.] in the 1960s. The reported data show an apparent two mechanism structural (enthalpy) recovery at aging temperatures ranging from 6 to 17 K below which is also controversial as it could not be reproduced in work from Koh and Simon [Koh, Y. P., & Simon, S. L. (2013). Macromolecules, 46(14), 5815–5821.] where a second plateau observed in the enthalpy loss curve was not reproduced in nearly 1‐year‐long experiments at 15 K below . Therefore, it is important to determine what might be possible reasons for the apparent non‐smooth relaxations. Here, we examine the possibility that the poor temperature control of a typical vacuum oven could explain the anomalous results. We used the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) model of structural recovery to calculate the effect of typical vacuum oven temperature variation on the structural recovery of polystyrene and find that we can reproduce the reported experimental results. The issue of temperature control using a vacuum oven is discussed, and data from thermocouple measurements of temperature at various locations inside a vacuum oven are shown.
Reducing racial and ethnic disproportionality in school discipline through an assessment‐to‐intervention process: A framework and process
Authors: Pullmann Michael D. , Gaias Larissa M. , Duong Mylien T. , Gill Tara , Curry Caryn , Cicchetti Colleen , Raviv Tali , Kiche Sharon , Cook Clayton R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRacial and ethnic disproportionality in discipline (REDD) represents a longstanding and pervasive issue in the United States educational system. However, researchers and interventionists have not sufficiently provided educators with appropriate frameworks and feasible tools to disrupt REDD and promote equity. The goal of this paper is to present a framework of eight malleable factors associated with REDD and describe the Disproportionality in Discipline Assessment for Schools (DDAS). The DDAS is a suite of user‐friendly tools based on this framework, designed to help school teams identify and address REDD. Two studies are described. Study 1 presents the results of educator feedback on a presentation of the framework and the DDAS in terms of their perception of its feasibility, usability, and validity/logical soundness. Study 2 presents the process of applying the DDAS in four real‐world school settings. Results indicated that the framework and the DDAS were useful and feasible tools to help schools increase equity and address REDD. Modifications to the framework and the DDAS were made to improve validity and appropriateness.
Nurses' willingness to participate in public health emergency: A qualitative study in China
Authors: Zhu Ping , Wu Bing , Tan Jing‐Yu (Benjamin) , Wang Meixiang , Wu Bainv , Chen Fang , Zhao Yun , Zhi Xiaoxu , Zhang Liuliu , Meng Aifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlong with the increasing of infections of COVID‐19, nurses are needed more in caring patients with COVID‐19. The aim of this study is to explore the real intention and influencing factors of the nurses' willingness to participate in public health emergency in facing the COVID‐19. A total of 10 nurses who volunteered to care patients with COVID‐19 were selected. Data were collected by semi‐structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis method based on the theory of planned behavior. Three main categories were attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control. Under the first category, two subcategories were included: nurses' personal and professional value expectation, patriotism. Two subcategories were yielded for the second category: support from family and friends, role model impact of important people. In addition, three subcategories were identified for the third category: physical condition, professional knowledge and skills, national measures and incentive policies. Nurses with high willingness have seven features: high value expectation, patriotism, generous family support, good physical condition, experienced professional knowledge and skills, awareness of national measures and incentive policies. Combined with our previous quantitative study, developing tailored training programs to improve nurses’ professional value expectation, knowledge and skills in coping with unwilling attitude and weak perceived behavior control are effective ways.
Staying put out of choice or constraint? The residential choice behaviour of Dutch older adults
Authors: de Jong Petra , Rouwendal Jan , Brouwer Aleid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResidential mobility varies with age. In contrast to younger age groups, older adults show a tendency to ‘stay put’. There is little evidence whether this immobility of older adults is due to choice (i.e., the wish to age in place) or to constraint (i.e., the lack of alternatives). This study makes an empirical analysis of the underlying preferences for housing of Dutch older adults by reporting the stated preferences of Dutch older adults for bundles of housing characteristics. It offers insight in the relative importance of various aspects of housing and explores whether these preferences are stable for different age groups. The study finds a strong preference for the current dwelling, especially for the older age groups. Running separate models for different age groups results in an improvement of the log‐likelihood, indicating the presence of heterogeneity in housing preferences among Dutch older adults.
Efficacy and safety of colchicine treatment in patients with COVID‐19: A prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pourdowlat Guitti , Saghafi Fatemeh , Mozafari Abolfazl , Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Abedini Atefeh , Nabi Meybodi Mohsen , Salehi Nezamabadi Ali , Mousavinasab Seyed Ruhollah , Kiani Arda , Raji Hanieh , Soltani Nadia , Gholmzadeh Baeis Mehdi , Eidani Esmaeil , Sadeghi Yakhdani Abdolrahim , Movaseghi Fatemeh , Habtemariam Solomon , Akhoundi Meybodi Zohreh , Gholinataj Jelodar Mohsen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractColchicine has shown clinical benefits in the management of COVID‐19 via its anti‐inflammatory effect. However, the exact role of colchicine in COVID‐19 patients is unknown. The current clinical trial was performed on 202 patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive up to a 3‐day course of 0.5 mg colchicine followed by a 12‐day course of 1 mg colchicine in combination with standard care or a 15‐day course of standard care. Among 202 randomized patients, 153 completed the study and received colchicine/standard care or continued standard care (M age, 54.72 [SD, 15.03] years; 93 [63.1%] men). On day 14, patients in the colchicine/standard care group had significantly higher odds of a better clinical status distribution on chest CT evaluation (p = .048). Based on NYHA classification, the percentage change of dyspnea on day 14 between groups was statistically significant (p = .026), indicating a mean of 31.94% change in the intervention group when compared with 19.95% in the control group. According to this study, colchicine can improve clinical outcomes and reduce pulmonary infiltration in COVID‐19 patients if contraindications and precautions are considered and it is prescribed at the right time and in appropriate cases.
Trajectory optimisation with musculoskeletal integration features for fracture reduction orthopaedic robot
Authors: Cui Rui , Li Jian , Jiang Yongkang , Sun Hao , Tan Yinglun , Duan Lunhui , Wu Mengkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman body is an integrated system of bones and muscles. To date, there are insufficient studies on the effect of muscles on the trajectory planning of orthopaedic robot. To this end, based on a Stewart‐Gough platform (6‐UPU) fracture reduction orthopaedic robot, a musculoskeletal trajectory optimisation method was constructed for the interference of soft tissue during the reduction process.MethodsFirstly, pose description of the fracture reduction orthopaedic robot was introduced, and its working space was analysed. Secondly, an improved Hill muscle theory was used to construct the musculoskeletal system, and finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out. Thirdly, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with variable weights was imported, and fracture reduction trajectory planning was obtained by quintic polynomial in the workspace. Then mathematical model for trajectory optimisation was presented, and targets of musculoskeletal optimisation were extracted, which include muscle energy consumption, robot‐assisted repositioning time and trajectory length. In this sense, musculoskeletal integration trajectory optimisation method was put forward. Finally, comparative optimisation simulation with skeleton only and bone and muscle together were tested, and safety experiment with musculoskeletal integration was conducted.ResultsA cone shape workspace was got, whose range can be defined as 635.14 mm on theXaxis, 720 mm on theYaxis, and 240 mm on theZaxis, respectively. Besides, different FEA displacements revealed the effect of bone and muscle on the movement of the robot. Moreover, the optimal results with and without muscle had showed different movement time: the former consumed about 27 s, but the latter spent about 25 s. Additionally, the speed and acceleration of the drive rods can be obtained from zero to zero during the reset.ConclusionsThe results show that the optimised trajectory obtained with this method is safe and reliable. Furthermore, the presence of muscle has great influence on the trajectory of robot, which could prolong the reduction time so as to prevent the occurrence of uneven soft and hard traction rate problem. This paper could be helpful for the future trajectory planning study of fracture reduction orthopaedic robot.
Partial recovery of microbial function in restored coastal marshes of Oregon, USA
Authors: Fitch Amelia A. , Blount Keyyana , Reynolds Lorien , Bridgham Scott D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRestoring coastal wetland habitats is important for returning many ecosystem services. However, very little is known about whether these restoration events return soil microbial functions and C storage to reference‐level capacity. We compared soil microbial function (microbial enzyme activity, catabolic responses to C substrates, CH4 and CO2 gas production) and soil C storage attributes (percent C, bulk density, and C density) in disturbed, restored, and reference wetlands in freshwater and saline coastal Oregon wetland complexes. We found that diking and draining fresh and saline wetlands can cause significant decreases in historic sediment C pools, but that restoration can return the capacity for C sequestration. We also found that restoration partially returned physicochemical soil properties and microbial functions to reference levels in freshwater wetlands, indicating a trajectory of recovery of ecosystem function. However, this trajectory was less discernable in the saline wetland complex where the restored marsh was an unvegetated mudflat and will likely require decades to millennia to succeed to the high‐marsh characteristics of the reference marsh, suggesting that filling subsided restored sites to elevations typical of intact salt marshes may more quickly return soil ecosystem function.
Emotion, place, and practice: Exploring the interplay in children's engagement in ecologists' sampling practices
Authors: Lanouette Kathryn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn science education, there has been a sustained focus on supporting the emergence of science practices in K–12 and field‐based settings. Recent work has elevated the integral role of emotion in sparking and sustaining such disciplinary practices, deepening the field's understanding of what is entailed in “doing” science. Yet even as we gain this richer understanding of practice, less attention has been given to the places where practice emerges. These places play a critical role in the co‐emergence of emotion and practice, and while separate strands of research have elevated emotion and practice or, alternately, place and practice, rarely has their dynamic relationship been considered together. In this article, I explore this interplay of emotion, place, and practice emergent in children's sampling practices within a multiweek curriculum centered around their schoolyard soil ecosystem. Through a comparative case study analysis of two student pairs using video data, student interviews, and classroom artifacts, my analysis reveals how children's emergent emotion was entangled in their relationships with the schoolyard and life within, shaping not only how they engaged in sampling practices but also what dimensions of the ecological system they attended to. I argue that emotion and place should be central to the design, teaching, and analysis of learning contexts, in turn centering the social and emplaced dimensions of science disciplinary practices for children and scientists alike. Implications for science teaching and learning are discussed, with particular consideration of field‐based sciences.
Nanodisc‐Mediated Conversion of Virustatic Antiviral Antibody to Disrupt Virus Envelope in Infected Cells
Authors: Hwang Jaehyeon , Jung Younghun , Moon Seokoh , Yu Seokhyeon , Oh Hyunseok , Kim Soomin , Kim Kyeong Won , Yoon Jeong Hyeon , Chun Jihwan , Kim Sang Jick , Chung Woo‐Jae , Kweon Dae‐Hyuk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany antibody‐based antivirals, including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against various influenza virus strains, suffer from limited potency. A booster of the antiviral activity of an antibody is expected to facilitate development of antiviral therapeutics. In this study, a nanodisc (ND), a discoidal lipid bilayer encircled by membrane scaffold proteins, is engineered to provide virucidal properties to antibodies, thereby augmenting their antiviral activity. NDs carrying the Fc‐binding peptide sequence form an antibody‐ND complex (ANC), which can co‐endocytose into cells infected with influenza virus. ANC efficiently inhibits endosome escape of viral RNA by dual complimentary mode of action. While the antibody moiety in an ANC inhibits hemagglutinin‐mediated membrane fusion, its ND moiety destroys the viral envelope using free hemagglutinins that are not captured by antibodies. Providing virus‐infected host cells with the ability to self‐eliminate by the synergistic effect of ANC components dramatically amplifies the antiviral efficacy of a bnAb against influenza virus. When the efficacy of ANC is assessed in mouse models, administration of ANCs dramatically reduces morbidity and mortality compared to bnAb alone. This study is the first to demonstrate the novel nanoparticle ANC and its role in combating viral infections, suggesting that ANC is a versatile platform applicable to various viruses.
Effects of Extrusion‐Assisted Wet‐milling Isolation on Physicochemical Properties of Corn Starch
Authors: Yu Xiaoshuai , Qi Nan , He Dong , Wang Lishuang , Zhu Minpeng , Duan Yumin , Xiao Zhigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe yield, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of corn starch isolated by conventional wet‐milling (CS), extrusion‐assisted H2SO3 wet‐milling (EHS), and extrusion‐assisted l‐cysteine wet‐milling (ELS) are investigated. The yield of EHS is significantly higher than that of CS and ELS (p < 0.05). There are no significant differences (p > 0.05) in purity among isolated starches. The results of scanning electron microscopy, polarized light microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter reveal that extrusion induced unobvious changes in morphology, surface, crystalline pattern, ordered structures, and thermal properties of isolated starch (p > 0.05). However, the swelling power, solubility, L∗ value, and peak viscosity of EHS are higher than those of ELS and CS. Extrusion‐assisted treatment effectively improves the freeze‐thaw stability and digestibility of isolated starch. The results of this study suggest that the extrusion‐assisted wet‐milling method can be used as an ideal alternative to conventional wet‐milling in the isolation of corn starch.
When Students Perform at the Below Basic Level on the NAEP: What Does It Mean and What Can Educators Do?
Authors: Hiebert Elfrieda H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to interpretations of results from the latest oral reading fluency (ORF) study conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (White et al., 2020), fourth‐grade students who score below the basic standard require interventions that focus on word recognition, phonological decoding, and fluency. Before such mandates for students at the middle grades and beyond are enacted, the available information from ORF assessments should be examined from the view of what students know and what they do not know. In this paper, I examine the performances of students who score below the basic level on oral reading assessments such as those used in the NAEP/ORF study to identify students’ strengths and challenges. Results of analyses of students’ performances are used to address how instruction and interventions can best support students in developing the proficiencies required to perform successfully on silent reading comprehension tasks. Issues that particularly require attention in the design of instruction and interventions for readers in the middle grades who score below the basic level are the mode of reading (silent or oral), text, and reading volume.