bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of Natural Polyphenols as Antiparasitic Agents and their Biochemical Targets
Authors: Soto-Sánchez Jacqueline 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are diseases that affect public health worldwide due to their high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Available treatments are costly, prolonged, and toxic, not to mention the problem of parasite resistance. The development of alternative treatments is justified and polyphenols show promising activity.

Objective:
The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the most promising phenolic compounds with reported antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity as well as their mechanisms of action.

Results:
We found that the mode of action of these natural compounds, mainly lignans, neolignans, and flavonoids depends on the organism they act on and includes macrophage activation, induction of morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, accumulation of acidocalcisomes, and glycosomes, Golgi damage and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as negative regulation of mitochondrial enzymes and other essential enzymes for parasite survival such as arginase. This gives a wide scope for future research toward the rational development of anti-kinetoplastid drugs.

Conclusion:
Although the specific molecular targets, bioavailability, route of administration, and dosages of some of these natural compounds need to be determined, polyphenols and their combinations represent a very promising and safe strategy to be considered for use against Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma spp. In addition, these compounds may provide a scaffold for developing new, more potent, and more selective antiprotozoal agents.
Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease and Pathological
Mechanisms Investigating the Therapeutic Molecular Targets
Authors: Bagga Shivani , Kumar Manish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a psychological, biological, or developmental
disorder that affects basic mental functioning. AD is generally affiliated with marked
discomfort and impaired social, professional, or other crucial aspects of life. AD is
predominant worldwide, but a disparity in prevalence is observed amongst nations.
Around 3/4 of people with Alzheimer's disease are from underdeveloped nations, which
receive only 1/10th of global mental health resources. Residents of each community and
age category share their presence in the overall load of AD. AD is a multifactorial
disease impacted by numerous environmental, genetic, and endogenous elements.
Heteromorphic interactive downstream cascades, networks, and molecular mechanisms
(inflammation and immune network, cholinergic deficit, lipid transit, endocytosis,
excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, amyloid and tau pathology, energy metabolism, neuron
and synapse loss, and cell death) have been isolated, imparting a non-dissociative
contribution in pathogenesis of AD. In the CNS, the structural organization of cholinergic
neurons can give a novel insight into the mechanism of new learning. The alleviation of
central cholinergic transposal following destruction in the basal forebrain cholinergic
neurons precipitates a decline in neurocognitive symptoms visible in AD patients. The
brain of patients suffering from AD exhibits plaques of aggregated amyloid-β and
neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Amyloid-β triggers
cholinergic loss by modulation of calcium and generation of cell-damaging molecules
such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species intermediates. The present review
focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms related to stages, diagnosis, and therapeutic
approaches involved in AD.
Vitamin D, Oxidative Stress and Glycaemic Control in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review
Authors: Ramos Roxana Valdés , Román-Casas Mariana , Martínez-Carrillo Beatriz E. , Valle Laura S. Gaona , Malpica Itzelt Pérez 
Published: April 2022

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic and chronic disorder which causes high blood glucose concentrations and dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells characterized by decreased insulin secretion and signalling. Scientific evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may help patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improve glycaemic control, increase insulin secretion and decrease HbA1c concentrations. Additionally, this supplementation improves antioxidant enzyme concentrations, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Finally, some studies have reported that supplementation decreases oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA).Materials and methods:This systematic review was conducted following Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework (PRISMA) in terms of study selection, data collection, data analysis, and result reporting. Several databases were reviewed from 2013 to 2020: Google Scholar, REDALYC, Scielo, Scopus and PubMed, among others; word combinations and MeSH keywords were used to find scientific evidence on vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM and their relationship with oxidative stress.Objective:The objective of this study is to review the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control and oxidative stress markers in patients with T2DM. Inclusion criteria involved adult patients with T2DM, oral vitamin D supplementation with different dosages and undefined time. Studies including children or animals and with other pathologies were excluded.Results:After making a careful selection of the studies according to its title and abstract, 120 articles were selected for reading the full text. Consequently, 21 studies and 1 report were included in this review, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Conclusion:Supplementation with vitamin D may help decrease glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin and improve insulin secretion. Subjects with T2DM have higher oxidative stress concentrations and lower antioxidants than healthy subjects; vitamin D supplementation may help improve oxidative and antioxidant markers.
Partial Molar Pregnancy Coexisting with a Normal Diploid Fetus: A Case
Report
Authors: Delkhah Farzaneh Afshar , Pourali Leila , Mirzaeian Sara , Vatanchi Atiyeh , Gharib Masoumeh 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
A partial molar pregnancy is a variation of a molar pregnancy in which an
embryo either develops incompletely or with multiple structural anomalies. The aim of this study
was to present a rare case of partial molar pregnancy coexisting with a normal diploid fetus.

Case presentation:
A 32-year-old woman with gravid 3, Para 2 (2 previous cesarean sections) was
referred to Ghaem hospital, an academic hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran, in 2020 at 34 weeks of gestation due to labor pain. She had an ultrasound-based diagnosis
of partial molar pregnancy with the normal female fetus at 30 weeks for the first time. Due
to 2 previous cesarean sections and regular uterine contractions, she underwent a cesarean section at
34 weeks and 2 days. A normal female infant with a normal Apgar score was born. The postpartum
period was complicated with preeclampsia. The pathological evaluation confirmed partial molar
pregnancy. The neonatal Karyotype was 46 XX and the neonatal period was uneventful. Maternal
serum β-hCG reached normal after 5 weeks of cesarean.

Conclusion:
Partial molar pregnancy with the coexisting normal fetus is a rare condition; however,
it may complicate the pregnancy outcomes, which affect both mother and fetus. So early diagnosis
and close follow-up may prevent catastrophic maternal and fetal complications.
In silico and in vitro Estimation of Structure and Biological Affinity of 1,3-
Oxazoles: Fragment-to-fragment Approach
Authors: Obernikhina Nataliya V. , Kobzar Olexandr L. , Kachaeva Marina V. , Kachkovsky Oleksiy D. , Brovarets Volodymyr S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The fragment-to-fragment approach for the estimation of the biological af-finity of the pharmacophores with biologically active molecules has been proposed. It is the next step in the elaboration of molecular docking and using the quantum-chemical methods for the complex modeling of pharmacophores with biomolecule fragments.

Methods:
The parameter 0 was used to estimate the contribution of -electron interactions in bio-logical affinity. It is directly related to the position of the frontier levels and reflects the donor-accep-tor properties of the pharmacophores and stabilization energy of the [Pharm꞉BioM] complex.

Results:
By using quantum-chemical calculations, it was found that the stacking interaction of oxa-zoles with phenylalanine is 7-11 kcal/mol, while the energy of hydrogen bonding of oxazoles with the amino group of lysine is 5-9 kcal/mol. The fragment-to-fragment approach can be applied for the investigation of the dependence of biological affinity on the electronic structure of pharmacophores.

Conclusion:
The founded quantum-chemical regularities are confirmed with the structure-activity relationships of substituted oxazoles.
Switch Pocket Kinase: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for the Design of Anticancer
Agents
Authors: Kaur Charanjit , Sharma Bhargavi , Nepali Kunal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Protein kinases are amongst the most focused enzymes in current century to design, synthesize and formulate drugs ought to be effective in the treatment of various disordered and diseased states involving either overexpression or deficiency situations. The ATP pocket on the kinases is the binding active site for most of the kinase inhibitors. However, the kinase mutations prevent the binding of kinase inhibitors to ATP pocket. The switch pocket site on this enzyme when occupied by switch pocket inhibitors, the enzyme become inactive even in the mutated state. This review comprises the detailed information on various classical protein kinases and switch pocket kinase inhibitors with their mechanism of action so that new molecules can be designed to encounter mutations in the kinase enzyme.
Coronavirus - A Crippling Affliction to Humans
Authors: Kaul Rimple , Devi Sunita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Coronaviruses hold idiosyncratic morphological features and functionality. The
members of this group have a remarkable capability of infecting both animals and humans.
Inimitably, the replication of the RNA genome continues through the set of viral mRNA
molecules. Coronaviruses received least attention until 2003 since they caused only minor
respiratory tract illnesses. However, this changed exclusively with the introduction of zoonotic
SARS-CoV in 2003. In 2012, MERS-CoV emerged and confirmed this group of viruses
as the major causative agents of severe respiratory tract illness. Today, Coronavirus Disease
2019 (i.e., COVID-19) has turned out to be a chief health problem that causes a severe acute
respiratory disorder in humans. Since the first identification of COVID-19 in December
2019 in Wuhan, China, this infection has devastatingly spread all around the globe leading
to a crippling affliction for humans. The strain is known as the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and WHO (the World Health Organization) has
termed this new pandemic disease as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is still
spreading, with an estimated 136 million confirmed cases and more than 2.94 million deaths
worldwide so far. In the current scenario, there is no particular treatment for COVID-19;
however, remarkable efforts for immunization and vaccine development can be observed.
Therefore, the execution of precautions and proper preventive measures are indispensable to
minimize and control the community transmission of the virus. This review summarizes information
related to the pathophysiology, transmission, symptoms, and the host defense
mechanism, as well as immunization and vaccine development against COVID-19.
Platinum-based Cancer Chemotherapeutics: Recent Trends and Future
Perspectives
Authors: Parveen Shazia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Platinum-based drugs have been proved as one of the prevalent successes in the field of inorganic medicinal chemistry. So far, three generations of platinum-based drugs are in the market and are recognized to play critical roles in the treatment of various types of tumors. The most commonly used anticancer chemotherapeutics worldwide are particularly cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin. They are known to exhibit prominent and interesting chemo-therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, Pt chemotherapy can be limited in transformative clinical implementation owing to the severe side effects triggered by off-target activity and lowered efficacy because of acquired/intrinsic resistance in some cancer types. Incidentally, monofunctional Pt complexes, those bearing one labile ligand, initially studied in the late 1980s, are again enticing renewed attention. in comparison to the bifunctional anticancer complexes, bearing two labile ligands, viz., cisplatin which creates a distortion in the DNA strands by forming inter-and intrastrand crosslinks, monofunctional Pt(II) complexes were found to exclusively bind to DNA via a solo coordination site revealed by the one leaving chloride group. However, till date, no other non-platinum metal-based anticancer drug has been able to efficaciously pass all stages of clinical trials. Hence, the hunt for novel Pt-based anticancer drug is being pursued vigorously for the reason that they still play a principal role in the chemotherapeutic profiles of almost 50% of all cancer patients. Meanwhile, the major significant goals in the search for new Pt chemotherapeutic drugs is to focus- a) on exploiting their potential, b) averting the undesirable side effects, c) in curing resistant tumors, and d) in refining the cellular pharmacokinetic regimes. This mini review highlights the numerous continuing efforts to produce the next generation of Pt anticancer drugs.
Recent Query Reformulation Approaches for Information Retrieval System - A Survey
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Dixit Ashutosh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Around trillions of data are uploaded to the internet every year. Extracting useful information using only a few keywords has become a major challenge. The field of Query Reformulation (QR) is focused on the efficient retrieval of information to overcome this. It is widely used in the domain of information retrieval (IR) and related fields such as search engines, multimedia IR, cross-language IR, recommender systems, and so on. Query reformulation techniques incur extra computational costs. Due to this reason, the use of query reformulation techniques is sometimes prohibited in internet searches as searching over the internet requires a fast response time. But due to the success of NLP (Natural Language Processing) using machine learning/deep learning in recent years, there has been a boom of study in this area. In this literature, a variety of term selection, term extraction, and query reformulation strategies based on recent technologies used by researchers have been presented, necessitating a wide survey to focus research in this promising area. Recent QR approaches and the datasets, techniques, and evaluation metrics used in this paper will help researchers understand and focus more on research in this promising area so that a better solution will be proposed. From the survey, it may be observed that one of the hottest subjects in the field of IR right now is applying deep learning to IR systems for query reformulation.
The mechanical properties of wood and the design of Neolithic stone axes
Authors: Ennos A. Roland , Oliveira João A.V. 
Published: April 2022

Despite the importance of wooden tools for early man, and the development of woodworking in the Mesolithic and Neolithic culture, there has been surprisingly little research on how wood can be worked by stone tools or how wooden handles for composite tools were designed. This paper outlines an approach based on an understanding of the structure and mechanical properties of wood. The cell arrangement in wood makes it far less stiff, strong and tough across the grain, especially tangentially. This makes it hard to harvest wood or break it into lengths because it splits down its centre rather than breaking right across. Fortunately, this also makes wood easy to split along the grain, especially radially through its centre into sections and planks.
A model of the splitting process predicted that wood is best split using blunt, broad but smooth wedges, as these would use less energy and would be less likely to get stuck in the wood. The predictions were verified in tests in which hazel coppice poles were split using wedges of contrasting angle, width and surface texture. The results help explain the change from the flaked flint Mesolithic tranchet axes to the broader polished stone Neolithic axe and adze heads. However, further experiments are also needed cutting wood obliquely to test this hypothesis.
The splitting model also helps to understand the design of socketed axe hafts. Failure usually occurs when the handles split at the distal and proximal ends of the socket. To prevent this, handles are best designed with the growth rings parallel to the socket, and with an expanded head, especially with flanges on the distal and proximal ends of the socket. These designs are seen in some of the Neolithic axe handles that have been found in Britain, including the Etton, Ehenside and Shulishader axes. More experimental research is needed to understand the optimal way of hafting axe heads.
Definición del campo de esfuerzos-deformación y sismotectónica del sistema de fallas Morelia-Acambay, México
Authors: Mennella Luca , Garduño-Monroy Víctor Hugo , Giner Robles Jorge Luis , Liotta Domenico , Brogi Andrea 
Published: April 2022

El sistema de fallas Morelia-Acambay (SFMA), situado en la región centro-occidental de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (FVTM), se desarrolla como una franja transtensiva de ~30 km de ancho, constituido por fallas E-O y ENE-OSO. La sismotectónica del SFMA controla desde el Mioceno medio (7–9 Ma) la evolución de las cuencas lacustres y depresiones alargadas E-O (Zacapu, Cuitzeo, Morelia y Acambay). Este trabajo estudia el SFMA en su sector centro-occidental enfocándose en la variación espacial del estado de deformación reciente a través del análisis estructural de poblaciones de fallas medidas en el campo y la definición del régimen de esfuerzos regional a partir del análisis de los mecanismos focales de sismos intraplaca someros.
Los datos cinemáticos indican que el SFMA se formó a partir de un régimen de deformación con una dirección NE-SO de máxima compresión horizontal (Ey). Hoy en día las fallas NE-SO están asociadas al sistema transtensivo lateral izquierdo, donde las principales morfoestructuras de fallas E-O son paralelas y tienen movimiento normal-direccional izquierdo, mientras que las fallas normales NE-SO responden a la cinemática con una geometría en échelon. La dirección de máxima compresión horizontal (Ey) del SFMA resulta variable pero constantemente en el cuadrante NE-SO, evidenciando una rotación en el sentido horario del campo de esfuerzos que hace que Ey pase de direcciones NNE-SSO en el sector occidental (Pázcuaro-Zacapu-Morelia-Cuitzeo-Acámbaro) hasta direcciones E-O en su sector oriental (Maravatio-Acambay).
La integración de los resultados muestra que las trayectorias del campo de deformación reciente y las trayectorias del campo de esfuerzos actual son claramente paralelas, indicando que el régimen neotectónico del Plioceno se ha mantenido constante durante el Cuaternario hasta el presente. Algunas fallas del SFMA son actualmente activas y han sido epicentro de sismos históricos (1858, 1912, 1979 y 2007). Esta definición del campo de deformación y esfuerzos se convierte en una información de primer orden para estudios futuros de paleosismología y el análisis del peligro sísmico. Esta visión espacial permite considerar la orientación de las fallas con respecto a las trayectorias del campo de esfuerzos como uno de los criterios para que dichas fallas se deban considerar o no potencialmente activas. La propuesta más pausible para explicar la deformación transtensiva en el sector central de la FVTM es el modelo de la convergencia oblicua de las placas y la partición del ángulo de subducción de la parte norte de la Trinchera Mesoamericana.
Olhares e desafios da formação docente e da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica
Authors: Urnauer Simone 
Published: April 2022

MOTA, Karla Rodrigues; PEREIRA, Lidiane de Lemos Soares; HEBERLEIN, Maria Carolina Terra (Org.). A Formação Docente e a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica: Pesquisas em Foco. Jundiaí: Paco Editorial, 2018.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI LADA DI KECAMATAN ABUNG TENGAH KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA
Authors: Sari Risca Fara Midta , Prasmatiwi Fembriarti Erry , Abidin Zainal 
Published: April 2022

The research aims to find out financial and sensitivity analysis of pepper farming. This research was conducted in Gunung Besar Village and Sri Bandung Village, Abung Tengah Subdistrict, North Lampung District. Respondents consist of thirty pepper farmers selected randomly by using stratified random sampling. The first goal is analyzed using financial and sensitivity analysis. The study shows that NPV, IRR, Net B/C, Gross B/C, and payback period of pepper farming are financially profitable and feasible to be developed. The value of NPV is bigger than 0, the value of Gross B/C and Net B/C are bigger than 1, the value of IRR is bigger than interest rate (9.95%) and the value of payback period is less than 10 years. The sensitivity analysis shows if the production cost increases to 7.26 percent, if the quantity decreases to 34 percent and if the output price decreases to 28 percent, the pepper farming will be sensitive and pepper farming still financially profitable and feasible.Key words: farming, financial, pepper, sensitivity
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TERNAK AYAM RAS PETELUR (STUDI KASUS TAKIHARA FARM) DI KECAMATAN NATAR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Saragih Yuni Arda Br , Arifin Bustanul , Lestari Dyah Aring Hepiana 
Published: April 2022

The aims of this research are to analyze the financial feasibility and the sensitivity of laying hens farming. The research was a case study at Takihara Farm in Natar Subdistrict of South Lampung Regency. Data were collected in August 2020 and analyzed by using financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis methods. The results showed that laying hens farming was financially profitable and feasible to be developed. The NPV of laying hens farming was IDR10,131,628,683.22. The Gross B/C value of laying hens farming was 1.15. The Net B/C value of laying hens farming was 2.17. The Payback Period value of laying hens farming was 13.81 years, showing that the initial cash outflow of investment could be recovered less than 30 years. The IRR value of laying hens farming was 13.84 percent, which was greater than interest rate 6 percent. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, with an assumption of an increase in the production costs of corn as a feed ingredient for laying hens by 10.73 percent and a decrease in the selling price of chicken eggs by 12.44 percent, the business of laying hens farming is still worth cultivated and developed.Key words : financial, laying hens, sensitivity