bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Prevalence of Non Communicable disease risk factors using WHO-STEPs approach in a Slum locality of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Khan Amreen , Melwani Veena , Toppo Manju , Dubey Manju , Arshad Shoaib , Sethia Soumitra 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions that progress slowly and are rarely completely curable. These diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, pose an increasing public health challenge in India, especially due to changes in lifestyles, behaviors and the physical and social environments in cities1. They are mainly caused by preventable behavioral risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and insufficient physical exercise3. It Is well known that a lot of diseases can be prevented by altering the life style and habits of people. This study was undertaken with the objective of studying the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in the Anna Nagar slum locality of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh.

Material & Methods:
The study was conducted on the population of Anna nagar slums. The sample size was ISOfcalculated using the prevalence data of ICMR on NCDs) but 260 was covered. The household were selected using systematic random sampling and individuals from the houses were selected using KISH method as used in WHO STEPS approach. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data. Physical measurements were taken as per standard WHO protocol. Data were entered in MS-EXCEL and analysis was done using EPI INFO.

Results:
In the population, male members were 53% and females were 47% respectively. Mean age was 43.67±11,3 yrs.80% had not received any formal education.31% people had history of alcohol consumption and 16% of tobacco consumption. Only 36.2% participants had normal BMI. 35.8% were obese, 17.3% were overweight and 10.8% were underweight. Obesity was more in females as compared to males. Blood pressure was found to be elevated in 18.1% participants, HTN1 in 10.4% and HTN2 in 31.5% participants. 40% participants had normal blood pressure.

Conclusion:
The major population was illiterate. The risk factors like alcohol consumption and smoking was very prevalent and is largely attributed to the lowawarenessof people regarding risk factors
Targeted Screening for Diabetes among Women of Reproductive Age group in Kolkata: A Community Based Study
Authors: Saha Gitanjali , Mandai Nirmal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Diabetes is increasing in alarming scale in India. Diabetic among women in reproductive age has not been explored much in community level. The present study was conducted with objective to screen for diabetic among women between 18 and 44 years.

Materials & Methods:
A descriptive observational community based study was conducted with health camp approach. At first step, women between age 18 and 44 years were screened for three risk factors: age ≥40 years, BMI ≥25 and family history of diabetes. Those who have positive history were tested for random blood sugar.

Result:
Out of 17157 women, 6386 women were tested for random sugar. 16.21% were pre-diabetic and 19.21 % were diabetic. Prevalence of diabetic was found to Increase with increase in age, BMI, and positive family history and more among Muslim women.

Conclusion:
This type of screening will enhance Yield & help In early diagnosis and prompt treatment minimising gestational problems.
Health Inequalities in India â€“ Will Looking through The Social Determinants Lens, Make A Difference?
Authors: Dobe Madhumita , Taklikar C S 
Published: October 2022

In other words, what good will universal health coverage be, if we cannot change the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age (the social determinants) These conditions are, in turn, shaped by political, social, and economic forces resulting in differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantages, most of which are avoidable /preventable through well designed and implemented policies and programs.1These avoidable inequalities within and between societies which determine their risk of illness and the actions taken to prevent them becoming ill or treat illness when it occurs are termed Health inequities.From time immemorial public health has tried to look into differences in numbers (prevalence/incidence) in different socioeconomic positions and revealed that, health and illness follow a social gradient- the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. 1
Health Inequalities in India â€“ Will Looking through the Social Determinants Lens, Make a Difference?
Authors: Sarkar Kaushik , Kumar Atul , Gautam Manisha , Kumar Pratik , Gaikwad Sanjeev 
Published: October 2022

Shrinking the global malaria map is one of the most remarkable successes of modern public health since the end of Second World War. More than 100 countries have successfully eliminated malaria since the early 20th century. Consequently, 20% additional population got the opportunity to live in malaria-free areas in the 60-years period between 1950 and 2010.1Currently, the disease is endemic in only 31 countries and India is featured in the list of top 20 malaria-endemic countries that together contributed 85% the global malaria burden.2India is also the only country outside Africa to be featured in that list.Government of India has set the target to eliminate malaria by 2030. In order to achieve the elimination certificate, the country has to be freed of malaria transmission by 2027 and the re-establishment of transmission is to be prevented in the subsequent years. With this ambitious goal set in 2016, the country has taken a tremendous stride in reducing the malaria cases over the past five years from about 1.1 million in 20143 to about 0.43 million in 20184. The percentage reduction in malaria cases during this 5-years period has been more than what India had achieved during the 15-years period since 2000. More importantly, the steep decline in malaria burden has been witnessed during a period when the global malaria response is at the crossroads with a static annual incidence of the disease since 2014.5
Introspection of Visually Impaired Children: a Qualitative Study in a Blind School of Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Mandal Shamita , Dasgupta Aparajita , Bandyopadhyay Lina 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The world has 1.3 billion people living with some form of vision impairment which is associated with problems related to mobility, education, occupation and activities of daily living leading to stress ,mental trauma and stigma of these children & their family members. Objective : Exploration of stress, stigma and mental trauma of parents of visually impaired children of a blind school, Kolkata, West Bengal. Material &Methods: It was a Qualitative study conducted from May to July in 2018 in the form of 5 Focus Group Discussion among parents of visually impaired children & Key Informant Interview of Principal of the Blind School. Result: These children ,were equipped to identify presence & activity of other people by their other senses. All parents complained about bad behavior of Bus conductors & co passengers. Children had a good relationship with parents but domestic violence and divorce was also there . Sometimes children were restricted to participate in social programme in the family . Communication difficulties between parents &children was present during illness of children. Parents had stress regarding brail technique adoption by children . Principal of the school addressed some problems like,suicidal tendency, depression etc. Conclusion: Awareness programme addressing needs ,problems & support of visually impaired children should be organized in the community, Transport Division workers etc.
Assessment of Obesity among Adolescents from an Urban Area of Western India
Authors: Manna Souvik , Chauhan Naresh T , Verma Mamta 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Obesity is on the rise among adolescents in urban areas owing to rising affluence and decline of traditional eating habits. Knowing the prevalence of obesity among adolescents is important for developing age-appropriate interventions for prevention of non-communicable diseases in the community. Objectives: To document the prevalence of obesity in a sample of urban adolescents residing in Western India and to compare their BMI for age with WHO 2007 and CDC 2000 growth charts for adolescents. Methods: The data was collected from a cross-sectional sample of 300 adolescents selected purposively, aged 15â€“ 19 years residing in an urban area of Western India in the year of 2018. Age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were used to define overweight and obesity. Result: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.3% and 4.3% respectively as measured by the WHO 2007 reference standards. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.6% and 3.3% respectively when CDC 2000 standards were used and the difference was statistically significant using Chi-square test. Also, there was no significant difference on the basis of gender or socio-economic status of the adolescents using independent t test. Conclusion: One in six adolescents was either obese or overweight in our sample population. Males and females did not differ significantly on BMI categories and effect of socio-economic status was not documented.
Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Tuberculosis among Uncertified Rural Practitioners in Singur, West Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Roy Soumit , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Mandal Shamita , Podder Debayan , Bandyopadhyay Sayanti 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Though two-third of rural healthcare is served by URPs, most of them lack in proper training on treatment of Tuberculosis.Objective: To evaluate effect of educational intervention on perception of Tuberculosis management among URPs. Methodology: Knowledge and Attitude of participants were assessed using a predesigned questionnaire before and after an educational intervention. Results: Pre-intervention assessment revealed that majority (92.9%) had heard about PTB. Only 39.3% knew at-least 3 sites of EPTB. Nearly one-third knew about daily regime but 10.7% could name all five first-line ATDs. Few responded that Levofloxacin (25%), Moxifloxacin (10.7%), Amikacin (7.1%) should be avoided in chest symptomatics. Knowledge of punishment for intentional non-notification (10.7%) was poor. Only 42.9% opined for ATD use in pregnant and children. After intervention, knowledge had improved significantly (P<0.001). Attitude improved with no statistical significance. Conclusion: Educational intervention can improve knowledge of Tuberculosis among URPs and regular reinforcement is recommended for such programs.
Prevalence and Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Information Technology Sector Employees of Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Panchal Sweta , Viramgami Ankit P. , Pingle Shyam 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Employees of Information Technology (IT) sectors are always at higher risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), as multiple risk facors known to be associated with MSDs like poorly designed computer work station, lack of knowledge and attitude for ergonomic posture, long working hours with out sufficient rest breaks and sadentory life style are common in IT workers of India.

Aim:
To study association of MSDs with occupational and lifestyle related factors.

Methodology:
For execution of present cross sectional study, from Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India) based IT industry 184 employees of were enrolled through simple random sampling method. With the usage of pre-tested semiclosed questionnaire sociodemographic, life style and occupation related details were collected. Prevalence of MSDs for different body parts assessed though Modified Nordic Questionnaire. Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) score was used for assessment of ergonomic suitability of workstation. SPSS 17.0 software was used for detailed statistical analysis.

Result:
Among IT workers high prevalence of MSDs (66.8%) was observed. Highest prevalence of MSDs reported for lower back (32.6%), neck (32.1%) and upper back (29.9%). Association of MSDs were observed with their Body Mass Index (BMI), exercise habit and job tenure of the workers. Poor ergonomic design (ROSA score > 4) of computer work station and usage of laptop (compared to desktop) were found associated with high prevalence of MSDs.

Conclusion:
To reduce burden of MSDs, administrative interventions in terms of improving workstation design and regulation of work hours required. Also, training programmes for sensitization regarding workplace ergonomics and healthy life style to be arranged for IT workes.
Complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam
Authors: Mahanta Tulika Goswami , Ronghangpi Padmashri , Baruah Manjit , Baruah Swarnali Devi 
Published: October 2022

Problem statement:
Less than half of Indian infants aged 6-9 months receive some kind of complementary foods in addition to mother's milk and only 1 child in 10, between 6-24 months is fed optimally, i.e. fed as per the recommended practices.

Objective:
To assess and compare the complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam.

Methods:
A community based cross-sectional observation study. A total of 300 mothers from ‘Tribal and Non-Tribal’ were interviewed using WHO recommended study tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test was done to see association between two variables. Binary logistic regression was done to find odds ratio. p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
Response rate was 93% (560/600). Mean age of initiation of complementary feeding was 7 months. Delay in initiation of complementary was seen more in non-tribal population than tribal population (64.1% vs 57.9%). Early initiation of breastfeeding was overall 79.3% (81.1% tribal vs 77.3% non-tribal). Colostrum was given in majority (44.6% tribal vs 44.5% non-tribal) which was found to be significantly different (p= 0.001). Normal weight was significantly higher in tribal than non-tribal community (90.5% vs 81.1%) (p=0.003).

Conclusion:
Health education and demonstration of complementary diet with locally available homemade ingredients may increase care giver's knowledge and enhance complementary feeding practices.
Locating the “Missing Half” of the Giant Chuquicamata Porphyry Copper Deposit, Chile
Authors: Zentilli Marcos , Graves Milton C. , Mathur Ryan , Hanley Jacob J. , Heaman Larry M. , Boric Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The supergiant Chuquicamata porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in northern Chile is truncated on its west side by a N-S-trending regional fault (the West fault), juxtaposing its ore to a relatively barren granodiorite (Fortuna Igneous Complex). There has been much speculation about the fate of, and extensive exploration for, the “missing half” of the deposit. It has been proposed that the west side of the fault hides the ore at depth, or that it was uplifted and the ore eroded; however, regional geologic mapping suggests that the West fault had a postore left-lateral strike-slip displacement of ca. 35 km. Accordingly, exploration, so far unsuccessful, has been focused in an area 35 km south near the Loa River and the city of Calama. In 1989, the Mina Ministro Hales (MMH) deposit was unexpectedly discovered west of the fault, under thick gravels, only 7 km south of the main mine. A previous study at MMH had suggested that mineralization was as old as 39 Ma, hence its ores were correlated with deposits of that age near Calama. Our recent U-Pb and Re-Os dating indicates that MMH mineralization was formed between 35 and 31 Ma, thus concurrently with Chuqui. The geochemistry of host Triassic and Eocene porphyry intrusions, ore mineralogy, and common Pb isotope ratios of hypogene sulfides at MMH and Chuqui proper are indistinguishable. Fluid inclusion data for paragenetically early porphyry assemblages at MMH closely mimic Th-salinity data from earlier studies at Chuqui, showing little or no evidence of boiling but indicating widely fluctuating confining pressures, compatible with hydraulic fracturing and fault movement during and after mineralization at a minimum initial lithostatic constraint of 5- to 8-km depth. We propose that MMH is a sheared-off portion of Chuqui, wedged in a fault cymoid loop and spared the full 35-km displacement of the West fault.
Transcrustal Magmatic Controls on the Size of Porphyry Cu Systems: State of Knowledge and Open Questions
Authors: Chelle-Michou Cyril , Rottier Bertrand 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Porphyry Cu deposits range over five orders of magnitude in size (&lt;0.01 to &gt;100 Mt of contained Cu) despite common and reproducible ore-forming processes across continents and geologic times. The formation and size of these deposits are thought to be controlled by the optimal alignment of commonplace geologic, physical, and chemical processes. However, the relative weight of such processes in modulating the size of porphyry Cu deposits remains poorly quantified. Over the last few decades, new geologic and experimental data, analytical developments, and improved numerical models of deep and upper-crustal magmatic reservoirs have provided new insights into the chemical and physical evolution of transcrustal magmatic systems that lead to the formation of porphyry Cu deposits. Available data show that porphyry Cu deposits are formed by large volumes of hydrothermal fluids outgassed from a cyclically rejuvenated upper-crustal magma reservoir composed of intermediate to felsic magmas derived from the differentiation of primitive arc basalts in the lower crust. This transcrustal view of the magmatic system implies that physical and chemical processes taking place during (1) the generation of intermediate to felsic magmas in the lower crust, (2) their subsequent ascent, followed by (3) cooling, crystallization, fluid exsolution, and outgassing in the upper crust can strongly influence the size of the resulting porphyry deposits. Here we show that most chemical factors that affect the fertility of magmatic systems are preset during magmatic differentiation in the deep crust. Importantly, these chemical processes are not specific to porphyry-forming magmas but are in fact characteristic of intermediate arc magmas in general. Within geologically permissible ranges, the chemical fertility of arc magmas can modulate the size of porphyry Cu deposits within one order of magnitude, insufficient to explain the full range of Cu endowment observed in these deposits. In contrast, physical aspects such as the lifetime (i.e., the combined duration of magma accumulation and crystallization) and volume of an effective magma body appear to be the major controls on the size of porphyry Cu deposits. The efficiency of the magmatic system refers to its ability to outgas fluids in a focused manner and yet avoid a catastrophic explosive volcanic eruption during incremental growth of the system through successive magma recharges. The intrusive magma flux, thermal gradient, and rheological state of the intruded crust all appear to be the major factors that influence the formation and size of the effective magma body, and thus, the formation and size of porphyry Cu deposits. We highlight the role of long-lived transcrustal arc maturation in developing this physical fertility and argue that the understanding of magmatic systems associated with porphyry deposits from a physical point of view will be the key to the definition of new exploration guidelines for giant porphyry Cu deposits.
Magmatic Sulfides from the Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas Volcanic Complex, Northwest Argentina: Insights on Magma Fertility and Comparison with Mineralized Volcanic Systems
Authors: Gioncada A. , Fulignati P. , Vezzoli L. , Omarini R. , Bosch D. , Bruguier O. , Mazzuoli R. , Lopez-Azarevich V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The composition and fate of magmatic sulfides are some of the most critical factors invoked to play a role in the chalcophile metal fertility of arc magmas. Examination of magmatic sulfide accessory minerals in nonmineralized volcanic systems may help to understand the behavior of chalcophile metals at sulfide saturation. This study presents compositional data on magmatic sulfides in lavas of the late Miocene Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas Volcanic Complex, northwest Argentina. This is the easternmost magmatic occurrence in the back arc of the Southern Central Andes, at 27°S, about 75 km northeast from the world-class Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au deposit. At this latitude the late Miocene volcanic activity migrated eastward as a consequence of the shallowing slab subduction. Both copper-rich and pyrrhotite magmatic sulfide inclusions have been identified in the Rincón-Portezuelo de las Ánimas volcanic suite, straddling the high K calc-alkaline–shoshonite boundary. We discuss the sulfide composition in the framework of magmatic evolution and in comparison to the metal content of magmatic sulfides of the coeval Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex, associated with the Bajo de la Alumbrera porphyry Cu-Au and other mineralized systems. The results show that sulfide liquid, exsolved from silicate melts of intermediate composition, stores Cu, Pb, Ag, and Bi in crystal mushes, reducing the mineralizing potential of residual melts while fertilizing the middle-upper crust. Gold behavior seems to be controlled by additional mechanisms, linked to the magma source or to an early partitioning into an S-bearing fluid phase. The high Au/Cu ratio of sulfides formed as monosulfide solid solution may be associated with the potassic character of the magmas in this sector of the Central Andes.
Ekphrasis: inscriptions on wood and stone
Authors: Smith Serena 
Published: October 2022

Ekphrasis is a series of nine hand finished stone lithographs. Drawn on stone using a combination of autographic marks and transferred photographic imagery, the lithographs were printed by the artist using a direct press onto Simili Japon paper (sheet size 96 x 64 cms.). The seven copies of each image are individually hand coloured.
Through the narrative threads of language, Ekphrasis considers an intimate relationship between site and practice. Navigating both the tracks and pathways of local parkland, and the contours of lines drawn on stone, the text dwells on the analogous acts of inscription in which these worlds converge. Moving between the woodland environment and the lithography studio these territories offer sites of speculation in which the transcriptions of language are born. Glimpsed in this process is an interplay between systems and substrates that simultaneously progress these unfolding lines, whilst resisting and constraining the routes they take. Spilling out from the overflow of these events is the excess of ornament.
The Collateral Transfers of Soft-Ground Etching
Authors: Lopes David , Machado Graciela 
Published: October 2022

Drawing-like prints with soft-ground etching strictly depend on using paper to decal on top of a special tacky ground. In the traditional manner, the resulting sheet will host both a drawing and a transfer on opposite sides of the paper, recto and verso, respectively.
Considering that prints with the technique date back as early as the 17th century, papers with soft-ground transfers must have been produced throughout many generations of printmakers. However, catalogued examples are scarce and difficult to track among print collections. Used as intermediate surfaces, printmaking literature often regard these as collateral waste to the process. This apparent lack of relevance seems to be due to their processual role in etching-making.
Preserved soft-ground transfers can be identified from the late 19th century onwards, showing that artists have not always perceived them as disposable. The soft-ground transfers can be a key component to learning more about the creative processes of relevant printmakers, as well as of their workshop materials, such as papers, drawings instruments and etching grounds recipes. We propose a revised new study on soft-ground transfers to increase recognition of processual objects and their role in today’s practice of printmaking.