bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenylalanine promotes phenolic compounds and quality of Qızıl Uzum grape (Vitis vinifera L.) fruit by regulating expression patterns of PAL and CHS genes and modulating the antioxidant system
Authors: Oosalo Afsaneh Allahveran , Naseri Lotfali , Alirezalu Abolfazl , Darvishzadeh Reza , Ebrahimi Samad Nejad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the aim of quality improvement, the effects of foliar application of phenylalanine at 5 concentrations on grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Qızıl Uzum) berry compositions were studied. The studied parameters included antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanin, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity, and phenolic compounds content based on HPLC analyses (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringetin, catechin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol). Phenylalanine at 1000 μM increased total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and PAL enzyme activity. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed a significant accumulation of individual phenolic compounds by phenylalanine treatment. The highest values were recorded at 100 and 500 μM phenylalanine treatments. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression of PAL and CHS genes was induced by phenylalanine. The highest PAL and CHS gene expression was observed at 500 μM and then at 1000 μM phenylalanine.
Prevalence of five curable sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among tertiary student men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya: a respondent-driven sampling survey
Authors: Mwaniki Samuel Waweru , Kaberia Peter Mwenda , Mugo Peter Mwangi , Palanee-Phillips Thesla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Young men who have sex with men (MSM), are a key population at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) yet are often underrepresented in research in settings where same sex sexual behavior is criminalized. We conducted a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) bio-behavioral survey to estimate the prevalence of five curable STIs: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and syphilis, and associated risk factors among tertiary student MSM (TSMSM) in Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods
Between February and March 2021, we recruited 248 TSMSM aged ≥ 18 years who self-reported engaging in anal and/or oral sex with another man in the past year. Samples collected included urine, provider-collected anorectal and oropharyngeal swabs for pooled CT/MG/NG/TV testing using multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), and venous blood for serological syphilis screening using Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) followed by Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) for confirmation of current infection. Participants self-completed a behavioral survey on REDCap digital platform. Data analysis was done using RDS-Analyst (v0.72) and Stata (v15). Differences in proportions were examined using the chi-square (X2) test, and unweighted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with STI prevalence.
Results
RDS-adjusted prevalence of STIs was: at least one of five STI: 58.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 50.4–67.3%, CT: 51.0%, 95% CI: 42.3–59.8%, NG: 11.3%, 95% CI: 6.1–16.5%, MG: 6.0%, 95% CI: 2.6–9.4%, TV: 1.5%, 95% CI: − .3-3.3% and latent syphilis: 0.7%, 95 CI: -0.1-1.5%. Frequency of co-infection with more than one STI was: CT/NG: 5.7%, 95% CI: 2.7–8.7%, CT/MG: 4.5%, 95% CI: 2.3–6.7% and MG/NG = CT/MG/NG: 1.7%, 95% CI: 0.1–3.3%. Factors independently associated with STI prevalence were inconsistent condom use during anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the survey (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.03–3.47, p = 0.038) and the last sex partner being a regular partner (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.12–4.92, p = 0.023).
Conclusion
STI prevalence among TSMSM in Nairobi is disturbingly high and is associated with inconsistent condom use and having a regular sex partner. Tailored STI testing, treatment and prevention interventions are urgently needed for this population.
WITHDRAWN: Insights into the mechanism of transport phenomena within nanostructured thermodynamic systems
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics considers bodies of matter and energy that are not in states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, but are usually participating in processes of transfer that are slow enough to allow description in terms of quantities that are closely related to thermodynamic state variables. For a thermodynamic process, the precise physical properties of the walls and surroundings of the system are important, because they determine the possible processes. Thermodynamics were used to describe how systems respond to temperature changes in their environment. The effects of different factors on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes were investigated to understand the characteristics of thermal transport in nanostructured thermodynamic systems. The results indicated that novel thermal properties absent in other materials have been discovered in carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are very efficient at conducting heat. The structure, purity, and alignment of carbon nanotubes play a fundamentally important role in determining the heat conduction properties of the nanostructured thermodynamic systems. At room temperature, a maximum specific thermal conductivity is obtained but Umklapp scattering occurs. The thermal conductivity may present power law dependence with temperature. The specific thermal conductivity decreases with increasing bulk density. Single-walled carbon nanotubes generally have high thermal conductivity. The presence of non-carbonaceous impurities degrades the thermal performance due to the low degree of bundle contact. Physical properties can be combined to express internal energy and thermodynamic potentials, which are useful for determining conditions for equilibrium and spontaneous processes.
Clinical-economic analysis of COVID-19 treatment drugs at the stationary level
Authors: Chakhoyan Ani A. , Sahakyan Albert E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background

A number of health system problems have arisen due to the coronavirus. Apart from these problems, the pharmaceutical sector was not left out either, as prescriptions for new virus treatments were unplanned and purchases were irregular.

Aim

To carry out an economic analysis of the drugs used in the COVID-19 department of the hospital.

Methods

For the study we used the clinical-economic methods: ABC/VEN analysis, ATC/DDD methodology and DU90% analysis method. Materials for the study were data on the use of drugs by one of the multidisciplinary hospitals in Armenia in the department of COVID-19.

Results

The ABC/VEN analysis of the drugs revealed that group A did not have non-essential drugs, and group B had non-essential drugs - 18.75%. The combination of the ABC/VEN and DU90% analysis revealed that the DU90% group lacked non-essential drugs, indicating that the hospital had purchased and used the most vital and essential drugs for the COVID-19 department.

Conclusion

Based on the results, a recommendation was made and sent to the pharmacist of the hospital, who will take into account these results when planning the purchase of drugs for the next year, aiming to reduce the use of non-essential drugs in the hospital.
Spatiotemporal Image Quality of Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays
Authors: Zhao Chumin , Kim Andrea , Beams Ryan , Badano Aldo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays (HMDs) require both high spatial resolution and fast temporal response. However, methods to quantify the VR image quality in the spatiotemporal domain when motion exists are not yet standardized. In this study, we characterize the spatiotemporal capabilities of three VR devices: the HTC VIVE, VIVE Pro, and VIVE Pro 2 during smooth pursuit. A spatiotemporal model for VR HMDs is presented using measured spatial and temporal characteristics. Among the three evaluated headsets, the VIVE Pro 2 improves the display temporal performance using a fast 120 Hz refresh rate and pulsed emission with a small duty cycle of 5%. In combination with a high pixel resolution beyond 2k x 2k per eye, the VIVE Pro 2 achieves an improved spatiotemporal performance compared to the VIVE and VIVE Pro in the high spatial frequency range above 8 cycles per degree during smooth pursuit. The result demonstrates that reducing the display emission duty cycle to less than 20% is beneficial to mitigate motion blur in VR HMDs. Frame rate reduction (e.g., to below 60 Hz) of the input signal compared to the display refresh rate of 120 Hz yields replicated shadow images that can affect the image quality under motion. This work supports the regulatory science research efforts in development of testing methods to characterize the spatiotemporal performance of VR devices for medical use.
Pyogenic spondylitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: Should the possibility of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae be considered?
Authors: Hwang Joo-Hee , Lee Seung Yeob , Lee Jaehyeon , Hwang Jeong-Hwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae is rare but the second most common causative agent among gram-negative bacteria that cause pyogenic spondylitis. However, there are no available studies on the serotype, virulence factors, and clinical characteristics associated with K. pneumoniae-caused pyogenic spondylitis. Accordingly, we investigated the clinical characteristics of pyogenic spondylitis, K1 and K2 serotypes, and virulence factors of K. pneumoniae.
Methods
We reviewed the microbiological reports of specimens collected between January 2014 and December 2019 as well as the medical records of patients with pyogenic spondylitis caused by K. pneumoniae. We also evaluated K1 and K2 serotypes and the virulent genes rmpA, iutA, mrkD, ybtS, entB, and kfu. Strains that possessed rmpA and iutA were defined as hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.
Results
Six patients with pyogenic spondylitis caused by K. pneumoniae were enrolled in the study. The capsular serotypes K1 and K2 were present in 66.7% (4/6) of cases, and the hypervirulent strains were present in 88.3% (5/6) of cases. All patients had community-acquired infections, and all strains isolated were susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Intravenous antibiotic treatment continued for 2–7 weeks, and no patient underwent decompressive operation or surgical debridement. There was no recurrence. One patient died from pneumonia with a septic lung.
Conclusion
Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae is a rare but important pathogen associated with pyogenic spondylitis.
Human Schlafen 5 promotes reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transformation in ovarian cancer
Authors: deng kui , zhang zhen , SHANG HONGKAI 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a disease with increasing incidence worldwide, and there is an urgent need for chemotherapy and biological targeted therapy.Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is an important initiation stage for tumor cells to acquire the ability to invade and metastasize.A growing number of findings suggest that human Schlafen family member 5(SLFN5) plays a key role in malignancy.However, the role of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer cells has not been fully elucidated.Samples were collected from patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed in Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and the expression of SLFN5 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The relationship between SLFN5 expression and the progression and malignancy of ovarian cancer was analyzed by using the expression profile data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.The mRNA expression levels of SLFN5 related upstream and downstream signaling pathways were studied by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Silencing SLFN5 was performed by siRNA transfection.The expression of SLFN5 and transfer-related proteins was examined by Western blot.Transwell and wound healing experiments investigated the migration and invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells. TCGA database analysis results showed that in the population with high SLFN5 expression,compared with the group with low SLFN5 expression,OS was worse (P = 0.011).SLFN5 silencing had a significant inhibitory effect on EMT and invasion movement of ovarian cancer cells.RT-PCR method was used to detect the mRNA changes of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer tissue and adjacent tissue. It was found that the expression of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer tissue was increased, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that SLFN5 may play a synergistic role in tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer cells, providing a potential target for future drug development for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Vulnerable and risk groups amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventive behaviours, preferences, and perceptions
Authors: Resch Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesHaving an underlying medical condition or comorbidities, as well as being of advanced age, makes large groups of the population more vulnerable to detrimental effects of COVID-19. Among those effects are higher rate of hospitalization, increased mortality, and slower recovery. To protect these vulnerable groups and the population at large actions were taken by governments, particularly the implementations of preventive measures, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical.Study DesignThe data as whole stem from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (ACPP), which is a nationally representative panel-survey conducted in Austria.MethodsThis study makes use of panel-data from 2021 and 2022 in a longitudinal analysis through pooled regression models (n=2123). In addition, an in-depth analysis is provided with cross-sectional data from winter 2021 (n=1183) and by means or seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR). The predictor variables are age and two different measures of comorbidities. Dependent variables are preventive behaviours, preferences and perceptions. Robustness checks with control variables are carried out as well.ResultsBoth in the longitudinal and the cross-sectional analysis age above 65 years is the clearest predictor for all investigated preventive behaviours, preferences and perceptions. People above 65 years of age show significant patterns to be more compliant, to support stricter pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical measures and to perceive others’ preventive behaviours and opinions on measures more favourably. Having one or several underlying diseases, disorders or injuries correlates positively with most preventive behaviours, as well as with preferences for more stringent public health measures. By contrast age, people with comorbidities perceive other people’s compliance and opinions on preventive measures as less pronounced.ConclusionsPeople of advanced aged and those with underlying medical conditions exhibit stronger preventive behaviour, including vaccination readiness. They also support more stringent measures, even compulsory vaccination. These results can be interpreted as self-directed because vulnerable and risk groups have strong incentives to avoid becoming infected with COVID-19. It can be argued that such behaviours and preferences are directed at others to facilitate reciprocal actions by the public at large, and if necessary also to make preventive measures mandatory.
Uttarakhand COVID-19 Cases and Deaths: Comparing the Demographics and Suggestive Strategy to Prevent Similar Pandemics in Future
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Gahtori Prashant , Pande Akshara , Gupta Omdeep , Nautiyal Anoop , Jasola Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is causing a dramatic impact on human life worldwide. As of June 11 2021, later one has attributed more than 174 million confirmed cases and over 3.5 million deaths globally. Nonetheless, a World Bank Group flagship report features COVID-19 induced global crisis as the strongest post-recession since World War II. Currently, all approved therapeutics or vaccines are strictly allowed for emergency use. In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, it is vital to analyze data set covering the growth rates of positive human cases, number of recoveries, other factors, and future strategies to manage the growth of fatal coronavirus effectively. The Uttarakhand state of India is snuggled in the lap of the Himalayas and occupies more people than Israel, Switzerland, Hong Kong, etc. In this study, we analyzed state COVID-19 data, fetched from an authenticated government repository using Python 3.9 from April 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. In the first wave, plain areas of Uttarakhand covering the districts Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, and U. S. Nagar were severely affected and reported peak positive cases during the 21st – 26th week. Other hands, the hilly terrains of Uttarakhand districts, including Chamoli, Pauri Garhwal, and Rudraprayag, reported a high number of positive cases between the 30th and 31st week, and other hilly districts reported an increase in Covid-19 cases during the 34th to 38th week. The highest recovery rate was attributed to the hilly district Rudraprayag. The analysis also revealed that a very high doubling rate was seen during the last week of May to the first week of Jun 2020. At last, based on this blueprint, we have suggested 6-points solutions for preventing the next pandemic.
Cytomorphological Study of Hepatic Lesions by FNAC
Authors: Vyas Jahnavi Nilay , Patel Prashant R , Patel Krutika , Bhagat Vasudha M 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, very low-cost and rapid procedure for diagnostic purpose which makes surgical intervention and exploratory laparotomy unnecessary. The introduction of modern diagnostic imaging techniques, mainly ultrasonography (USG) and Computerized Tomography (CT), has enabled the detection and location of lesions in sites such as liver, which are not easily accessible to surgical biopsies.
Aim: To assess the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of liver lesions. To study the cytomorphological features, age and sex distribution of liver lesions.
Materials and methods: The study included 24 liver lesions which were detected clinically or radiologically. USG guided FNA was done in all cases. The smears were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin (H and E), May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou’s stains. A cyto-histopathological correlation was done wherever possible. From the residual material, additional slides and cell blocks were prepared. Special stains were used whenever required. In doubtful cases immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done on formalin-fixed paraffin cell blocks and immunocytochemistry on conventional smears wherever necessary and possible.
Results: All the lesions were found to be malignant. Out of 24 liver FNA cases, maximum lesions were seen in females and the affected age group for liver malignancies was 51-60 years. Out of 24 liver FNA cases, 20 cases were metastatic and 4 were primary cases. Among metastatic cases, maximum cases were of metastatic adenocarcinoma and the primary lesions of liver included all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology of liver is a simple, safe, repeatable and rapid diagnostic procedure. In case of hepatic lesions, it is of outmost advantage in recognizing the nature of lesion i.e., primary, and metastatic as well as in early diagnosis of lesion so that patient can be treated as early as possible.
Corruption as compensation for pathology of social relations
Authors: Romanov Mykhailo 
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to formulation of a new hypothesis about the essence of corruption as a mechanism and result of compensation of pathology of public life. It is noted that modern scientific research does not consider corruption comprehensively and systematically, but in its individual aspects. As a rule, the managerial and legal. Does not take into account its psychological origins and features of corrupt behavior. The article is aimed at formulating promising directions for the study of corruption, necessary for effective counteraction of this phenomenon. The relevance of the article is due to the possibility of identification of new directions of corruption prevention on the basis of revision of the causes of corrupt conduct.
Reforms to prevent corruption have been found to reduce corruption but have not had a decisive impact on corruption. In this regard, the author examines the characteristics of corrupt behaviour and concludes that it is in the mechanisms that give rise to it and it is necessary to look for the causes of corruption. However, in considering the psychological factors of corrupt behaviour, the author concludes that they are not independent and cannot be considered as a direct cause. Psychological characteristics, such as the need for moral revisions of individual values and the search for excitement in the work performed, clearly indicate the presence of contradictions or even pathologies at a deeper level. Given the high incidence of corruption, the author concludes that these pathologies are not individual, but rather indicative of systemic problems of social life. And since problems are not solved, corruption is a kind of compensation, a solution to these problems.
It formulates the conclusion, according to which corruption has a compensatory nature and is a unique indicator of the state of social relations and existing problems in them. It points to areas of society and individual members that require study, revision and correction. This approach makes it possible to understand that the direct preventive impact on corruption will not give stable qualitative results, because by influencing corruption we will influence the consequences. At the same time, the reasons will remain untouchable.
Assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical analysis in Amman-Zarqa area/Jordan
Authors: Hyarat Tasneem , Al Kuisi Mustafa , Saffarini Ghazi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of the relevant physical and chemical parameters of 246 samples of groundwater quality from the Amman-Zarqa area showed that most of the parameter values exceeded the maximum permissible limits for drinking according to the Jordanian Institute of Standards and Meteorology. Based on the hydrochemical analysis, the water can be classified into four distinct water types using the Piper diagram, whereas, the hydrogeochemical process that affects the groundwater parameters is the dissolution or mixing process as indicated by the Durov diagram. The correlation between the different parameters showed that the basic ionic composition of the water samples is directly influenced by physicochemical parameters and anthropogenic activities. Additionally, factor analysis has been conducted and three factors were extracted. The three factors account for the ‘salinity’, ‘hardness’, and ‘pH’ properties and were named accordingly. These three factors accounted for 78.5% of the total variance of the data composition. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis of the 246 samples was carried out and three groups were obtained to verify the factor analysis results. Based on water quality index values, 12% of the groundwater samples can be described as ‘excellent’ and 53% of ‘good’ quality. The remaining 35% of the samples are of ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ qualities. These findings are important in understanding the sustainability of groundwater for drinking purposes in the study area.