bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A renewed call for conservation leadership 10 years further in the feral cat Trap‐Neuter‐Return debate and new opportunities for constructive dialogue
Authors: Debrot Adolphe O. , Ruijter Martin N. M. , Endarwin Wempy , van Hooft Pim , Wulf Kai , Delnevo Adrian J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt has been 10 years since a seminal paper in the journal Conservation Biology called for stronger leadership from the conservation community in countering the growing inappropriate use of Trap‐Neuter‐Return (TNR) as a method to control feral cat, Felis catus, populations. The practice is rapidly spreading to areas of wildlife and conservation significance, and the need to counter this development is extremely urgent. So far, the promulgation of TNR has been based on a narrow, single‐species approach to animal welfare. However, a new, yet little‐noticed, species‐inclusive perspective on animal welfare includes the consideration of collateral animal suffering for a more equitable assessment of TNR. Each setting, depending on the level of conservation required, may call for different methods for the management of free‐roaming cats. TNR is just one such method and its appropriateness depends on the specific wildlife conservation needs for each area specified.
Evolution of bulbar function in spinal muscular atrophy type 1 treated with nusinersen
Authors: Weststrate Harriet , Stimpson Georgia , Thomas Lily , Scoto Mariacristina , Johnson Emily , Stewart Alexandra , Muntoni Francesco , Baranello Giovanni , Conway Eleanor ,   SMA p‐FOIS Working Group*
Published: February 2022

AimTo assess the evolution of bulbar function in nusinersen‐treated spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1).MethodThis single‐centre retrospective study identified 24 patients (14 females and 10 males) with SMA1, treated with nusinersen between 2017 and 2020. We adapted and validated the Paediatric Functional Oral Intake Scale (p‐FOIS), which is an outcome measure to assess bulbar function. Analysis considered SMA1 subtype, nutritional support, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) and p‐FOIS scores at initiation of nusinersen treatment (baseline) and at 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation.ResultsThe median age at baseline was 11 months (range 1 month–7 years 6 months). Median age at initiation of tube feeding was 8 months (range 0–2 years 2 months). Fourteen patients were tube fed at baseline. The median p‐FOIS score was 3 at baseline and 2 at 12 and 24 months. Four patients, all with type 1c SMA, remained orally fed at 24 months. Median CHOP INTEND scores increased from 32 at baseline to 42 at 12 and 24 months.InterpretationImpaired bulbar function persisted as a significant complication in most nusinersen‐treated patients with SMA1, in contrast to the improvement in motor abilities demonstrated in the majority. p‐FOIS allows for tracking of bulbar function progression and treatment response. Larger, prospective studies investigating the longer‐term impacts of nusinersen on bulbar function are warranted.
MRI‐based kidney radiomic analysis during chronic lithium treatment
Authors: Beunon Paul , Barat Maxime , Dohan Anthony , Cheddani Lynda , Males Lisa , Fernandez Pedro , Etain Bruno , Bellivier Frank , Marlinge Emeline , Vrtovsnik François , Vidal‐Petiot Emmanuelle , Khalil Antoine , Haymann Jean‐Philippe , Flamant Martin , Tabibzadeh Nahid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLithium therapy during bipolar disorder is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is slowly progressive and undetectable at early stages. We aimed at identifying kidney image texture features as possible imaging biomarkers of decreased measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) using radiomics of T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsOne hundred and eight patients treated with lithium were evaluated including mGFR and kidney MRI, with T2‐weighted sequence single‐shot fast spin‐echo. Computed radiomic analysis was performed after kidney segmentation. Significant features were selected to build a radiomic signature using multivariable Cox analysis to detect an mGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m². The texture index was validated using a training and a validation cohort.ResultsTexture analysis index was able to detect an mGFR decrease, with an AUC of 0.85 in the training cohort and 0.71 in the validation cohort. Patients with a texture index below the median were older (59 [42–66] vs. 46 [34–54] years,p = .001), with longer treatment duration (10 [3–22] vs. 6 [2–10] years,p = .02) and a lower mGFR (66 [46–84] vs. 83 [71–94] ml/min/1.73m²,p < .001). Texture analysis index was independently and negatively associated with age (β = −.004 ± 0.001,p < .001), serum vasopressin (−0.005 ± 0.002,p = .02) and lithium treatment duration (−0.01 ± 0.003,p = .001), with a significant interaction between lithium treatment duration and mGFR (p = .02).ConclusionsA renal texture index was developed among patients treated with lithium associated with a decreased mGFR. This index might be relevant in the diagnosis of lithium‐induced renal toxicity.
Bee‐associated fungi mediate effects of fungicides on bumble bees
Authors: Rutkowski Danielle , Litsey Eliza , Maalouf Isabelle , Vannette Rachel L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBumble bees are important pollinators that face threats from multiple sources, including agrochemical application. Declining bumble bee populations have been linked to fungicide application, which could directly affect the fungi often found in the stored food and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of healthy bumble bees.We test the hypothesis that fungicides impact bee health by disrupting bee–fungi interactions. We examined the interactive effects of the fungicide propiconazole and fungal supplementation on the survival, reproduction and microbiome composition of microcolonies (queenless colonies) using two species,Bombus vosnesenskiiandB. impatiens.We found that inB. vosnesenskii, fungicide exposure decreased survival, while fungal supplementation mitigated fungicide effects. ForB. impatiens, fungicide application had no effect, but fungal supplementation improved survival and offspring production.Fungicides reduced fungal abundance inB. vosnesenskiimicrocolonies, but not inB. impatiens, where instead fungal addition decreased fungal abundance (ITS copy number). Fungal composition varied between treatments but differently between bee species. InB. impatiens, fungal addition increased microbiome diversity. InB. vosnesenskii, the abundance of the pathogenAscosphaerawas negatively associated with survival, while the yeastZygosaccharomyceswas positively associated with survival.Our results highlight that bumble bee species differ in response to fungicides and in the nature of bee‐fungi associations. Fungicides can alter bee–fungi interactions with consequences for bee survival and reproduction, and exploring the mechanisms of such interactions, including interactions among fungi in the bee GI tract, may offer insights into bumble bee biology and conservation strategies.
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism ε4‐stratified longitudinal association between daytime naps, sleep apnea and mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Duan Huilian , Sun Yue , Liu Qian , Fu Jingzhu , Huang Ling , Wang Zehao , Zhao Jing , Li Zhenshu , Li Wen , Liu Huan , Ma Fei , Chen Yongjie , Sun Changqing , Wang Guangshun , Du Yue , Huang Guowei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSleep characteristics, including taking a nap and sleep apnea, have been proven to have effects on cognitive function, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism ε4 (APOEε4) has been confirmed to be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but epidemiological studies linking sleep characteristics and APOEε4 are scarce. We aimed to explore the longitudinal association between sleep characteristics and MCI in an overall cohort, in APOEε4 carriers and in APOEε4 non‐carriers.MethodsWe included 3053 older adults from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort (TENCC) study, recruited from March 2018 to June 2019, and followed up from March 2021 to June 2021. All participants underwent detailed neuropsychological evaluation that allowed psychometric MCI classification. Information on self‐reported sleep characteristics was gathered via face‐to‐face interviews. Crude and multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsIn the multivariable‐adjusted models, taking a nap at noon was associated with decreased risk of MCI in all participants (yes vs. no: HR 0.723, 95% CI 0.592, 0.883) and in APOEε4 non‐carriers (yes vs. no: HR 0.719, 95% CI 0.576, 0.897). Sleep apnea was associated with increased risk of MCI in all participants (vs. good: HR 2.213, 95% CI 1.171, 4.180) and in APOEε4 non‐carriers (vs. good: HR 2.217, 95% CI 1.085, 4.529).ConclusionsThis study suggests that taking a nap at noon might be a potential protective factor against development of MCI in APOEε4 non‐carriers, and sleep apnea might be associated with increased incidence of MCI in APOEε4 non‐carriers.
Stratified damage characteristics of high‐water quick‐setting material exposed to sulfate under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Zhou Xianliang , Chen Yulin , Kang Shun , Yuan Xun , Liu Changwu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stability of the grouting material under the coupling effect of sulfate attack and dry–wet cycles is essential to engineering safety. As a novel grouting material, the stability research of high‐water quick‐setting material (HWQSM) under different corrosive environments is in the initial stage. Moreover, the stratified damage characteristics (SDC) of HWQSM under sulfate attack were not fully explored. To this end, the strength degradation and SDC of HWQSM exposed to three kinds of sulfate solutions (i.e., 10% MgSO4solution, 10% Na2SO4solution, and hybrid solution of 5% Na2SO4and 5% MgSO4) and dry–wet cycles were analyzed by using ETM‐C mechanical testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, and AFM. The results show that the strength reduction rate, the thickness of the corrosion layer, and roughness between the corrosion layer and the transition layer of HWQSM are all positively correlated with the concentration of Mg2+in the erosion solution for the increase in dry–wet cycles. Under the combined action of ion erosion and carbonization, the pores and cracks of the corrosion layer expand, which would reduce the permeability resistance but increase the erosion damage rate. This research furnishes new views into the SDC of HWQSM under sulfate attack and dry–wet cycles, which would deeper our understanding to this special material undoubtedly; the research results are expected to furnish theoretical guidance of HWQSM resistance to different sulfate solutions.
Not all babies are in the same boat: Exploring the effects of socioeconomic status, parental attitudes, and activities during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic on early Executive Functions
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Gibson Shannon P. , Davies Catherine , Gliga Teodora , McGillion Michelle , Gonzalez‐Gomez Nayeli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarly executive functions (EFs) lay the foundations for academic and social outcomes. In this parent‐report study of 575 UK‐based 8‐ to 36 month olds (218 followed longitudinally), we investigate how variation in the home environment before and during the 2020 pandemic relates to infants’ emerging EFs. Parent‐infant enriching activities were positively associated with infant Cognitive Executive Function (CEF) (encompassing inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). During the most‐restrictive UK lockdown—but not subsequently—socioeconomic status (SES) was positively associated with levels of parent‐infant enriching activities. Parents who regard fostering early learning, affection, and attachment as important were more likely to engage in parent‐infant enriching activities, yet there was no significant pathway from parental attitudes or SES to CEF via activities. Infant screen use was negatively associated with CEF and Regulation. Screen use fully mediated the effect of SES on CEF, and partially mediated the effect of SES on regulation. Parental attitudes toward early learning, affection, and attachment did not significantly influence screen use. These results indicate that although parental attitudes influence the development of early EFs, interventions targeting attitudes as a means of increasing enriching activities, and thus EF are likely to be less effective than reducing barriers to engaging in enriching activities.
How to examine external validity within an experiment
Authors: Kowalski Amanda E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA fundamental concern for researchers who analyze and design experiments is that the estimate obtained from the experiment might not be externally valid for other policies of interest. Researchers often attempt to assess external validity by comparing data from an experiment to external data. In this paper, I discuss approaches from the treatment effects literature that researchers can use to begin the examination of external validity internally, within the data from a single experiment. I focus on presenting the approaches simply using stylized examples.
Host genetics, phenotype and geography structure the microbiome of a foundational seaweed
Authors: Wood Georgina , Steinberg Peter D. , Campbell Alexandra H. , Vergés Adriana , Coleman Melinda A. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInteractions between hosts and their microbiota are vital to the functioning and resilience of macro‐organisms. Critically, for hosts that play foundational roles in communities, understanding what drives host–microbiota interactions is essential for informing ecosystem restoration and conservation. We investigated the relative influence of host traits and the surrounding environment on microbial communities associated with the foundational seaweed Phyllospora comosa. We quantified 16 morphological and functional phenotypic traits, including host genetics (using 354 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and surface‐associated microbial communities (using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) from 160 individuals sampled from eight sites spanning Phyllospora's entire latitudinal distribution (1,300 km). Combined, these factors explained 54% of the overall variation in Phyllospora's associated microbial community structure, much of which was related to the local environment (~32%). We found that putative “core” microbial taxa (i.e., present on all Phyllospora individuals sampled) exhibited slightly higher associations with host traits when compared to “variable” taxa (not present on all individuals). We identified several key genetic loci and phenotypic traits in Phyllospora that were strongly related to multiple microbial amplicon sequence variants, including taxa with known associations to seaweed defence, disease and tissue degradation. This information on how host‐associated microbial communities vary with host traits and the environment enhances our current understanding of how “holobionts” (hosts plus their microbiota) are structured. Such understanding can be used to inform management strategies of these important and vulnerable habitats.
Increased cuticular wax deposition does not change residual foliar transpiration
Authors: Grünhofer Paul , Herzig Lena , Sent Sophie , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria V. , Schreiber Lukas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of contrasting environmental growth conditions (in vitro tissue culture, ex vitro acclimatisation, climate chamber, greenhouse and outdoor) on leaf development, cuticular wax composition, and foliar transpiration of detached leaves of the Populus × canescens clone 84 K were investigated. Our results show that total amounts of cuticular wax increased more than 10‐fold when cultivated in different growth conditions, whereas qualitative wax composition did not change. With exception of plants directly taken from tissue culture showing rapid dehydration, rates of water loss (residual foliar transpiration) of intact but detached leaves were constant and independent from growth conditions and thus independent from increasing wax amounts. Since cuticular transpiration measured with isolated astomatous P. × canescens cuticles was identical to residual foliar transpiration rates of detached leaves, our results confirm that cuticular transpiration of P. × canescens leaves can be predicted with high accuracy from residual transpiration of detached leaves after stomatal closure. Our results convincingly show that more than 10‐fold increased wax amounts in P. × canescens cuticles do not lead to decreased rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration.
It is all about peri‐implant tissue health
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Ramanauskaite Ausra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealthy peri‐implant tissues have become synonymous with implant success and a major challenge in contemporary implant dentistry. Numerous local and systemic factors, as well as iatrogenic and other hitherto underappreciated factors of potential clinical relevance may influence the outcome of implant therapy. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, a group of outstanding experts has elaborated on the latest insights on the prevention and management of major surgical, biological and technical complications, to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of peri‐implant health. This volume focusses on factors affecting early and late implant loss and the potential role of systemic diseases and local conditions. It comprehensively discusses the implementation of guided implant surgery to facilitate the cleansibility of implant‐supported restorations, as well as iatrogenic factors related to bone augmentation/sinus grafting procedures. The challenges associated with soft‐tissue grafting and the prevention of esthetic complications are also reviewed as the paradigm of success in implant dentistry shifts from implant survival towards a greater focus on patient‐reported outcomes. Prosthetic failures remain a significant challenge and are discussed in light of new evidence, as is the relevance of the structural dimensions of the peri‐implant mucosa. The volume closes with detailed and well‐illustrated appraisals of the surgical management of peri‐implantitis, the management and sequelae of dental implant removal, and the latest evidence for the oral health related quality of life in patients treated with dental implants.
Complications in sinus lifting procedures: Classification and management
Authors: Molina Ana , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Ortiz‐Vigón Alberto , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOpen and closed sinus lifting procedures are predictable methods to augment the bone needed for appropriate implant placement in the posterior maxilla in cases where available bone is limited. However, these techniques may give rise to complications and associated comorbidities. In the case of open sinus lifting, perforation of the Schneiderian membrane during osteotomy is the most common complication, with an incidence rate of around 20%‐25%. Apart from those complications associated with oral surgery in general (such as swelling or hematoma), there are specific complications of open sinus lifting procedures that may arise less frequently (chronic rhinosinusitis, hemorrhage, or ostium blockage by overfilling) but which may nevertheless compromise the viability of the graft and/or the implants and cause substantial discomfort to the patient. Closed sinus lifting is a less invasive approach that allows transcrestal placement of the implants in cases where there is sufficient residual bone height. However, it may also be associated with specific complications, including membrane perforation, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and implant displacement to the sinus cavity. New technologies have been proposed to reduce these complications and comorbidities associated with conventional sinus lifting procedures, such as the use of piezoelectric devices and hydraulic sinus lift or reamer burs. The evidence supporting their effectiveness and safety, however, is still lacking. A detailed medical history together with a thorough radiographic and clinical examination are essential prior to any kind of bone regenerative augmentation involving the maxillary sinus. Moreover, it is recommended to employ the most appropriate surgical technique for the specific characteristics of the case and, at the same time, accommodating the experience and skills of the surgeon.
Decision‐first modeling should guide decision making for emerging risks
Authors: Morgan Kara , Collier Zachary A. , Gilmore Elisabeth , Schmitt Ketra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn emerging risk is characterized by scant published data, rapidly changing information, and an absence of existing models that can be directly used for prediction. Analysis may be further complicated by quickly evolving decision‐maker priorities and the potential need to make decisions quickly as new information comes available. To provide a forum to discuss these challenges, a virtual conference, “Decision Making for Emerging Risks,” was held on June 22–23, 2021, sponsored jointly by the Decision Analysis Society of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences and the Decision Analysis and Risk specialty group in the Society for Risk Analysis. Speakers reflected on the work to support decision‐makers related to the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as experiences in emerging risks across domains from cybersecurity, infrastructure, transportation, energy, food safety, national security, and climate change. Here, we distill the key findings to propose a set of best practice principles for a “decision‐first” approach for emerging risks. These discussions underscore the importance of scoping the decision context and the shared responsibility for the development and implementation of the analysis between the analyst and the decision‐maker when the context can evolve rapidly. Emerging risks may also favor simpler analytical approaches that increase transparency, ease of explanation, and ability to conduct new analyses quickly. Continued dialogue by the decision and risk analysis communities on the use and development of models for emerging risks will enhance the credibility and usefulness of these approaches.