bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-planetary nebulae: a context for principles, progress, and questions on how binaries and magnetic fields produce jets
Authors: Blackman Eric G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAstrophysical outflows treated initially as spherically symmetric often show evidence for asymmetry once seen at higher resolution. The preponderance of aspherical and multipolar planetary nebulae (PN) and pre-planetary nebulae (PPN) was evident after many observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. Binary interactions have long been thought to be essential for shaping asymmetric PN/PPN, but how? PPN are the more kinematically demanding of the two, and warrant particular focus. I address how progress from observation and theory suggests two broad classes of accretion driven PPN jets: one for wider binaries (PPN-W) where the companion is outside the outer radius of the giant and accretes via Roche lobe overflow, and the other which occurs in the later stages of CE for close binaries (PPN-C). The physics within these scenarios connects to progress and open questions about the role and origin of magnetic fields in the engines and in astrophysical jets more generally.
Towards the identification of carriers of the unidentified infrared (UIR) bands in novae
Authors: Endo Izumi , Sakon Itsuki , Onaka Takashi , Kimura Yuki , Kimura Seiji , Wada Setsuko , Helton L. Andrew , Lau Ryan M. , Kebukawa Yoko , Muramatsu Yasuji , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Nakamura Masato , Kwok Sun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe unidentified infrared (UIR) bands, whose carriers are thought to be organics, have been widely observed in various astrophysical environments. However, our knowledge of the detailed chemical composition and formation process of the carriers is still limited. We have synthesized laboratory organics named Quenched Nitrogen-included Carbonaceous Composite (QNCC) by quenching plasma produced from nitrogen gas and hydrocarbon solids. Infrared and X-ray analyses of QNCC showed that infrared properties of QNCC well reproduce the UIR bands observed in novae and amine structures contained in QNCC play an important role in the origin of the broad 8 m feature, which characterizes the UIR bands in novae. QNCC is at present the best laboratory analog of organic dust formed around dusty classical novae, which carries the UIR bands in novae via thermal emission process [Endo et al.(2021)].
Mass loss from binary stars approaching merger
Authors: Pejcha Ondřej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSome binary stars experience common envelope evolution, which is accompanied by drastic loss of angular momentum, mass, and orbital energy and which leaves behind close binaries often involving at least one white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. The best studied phase of common envelope is the dynamical inspiral lasting few original orbital periods. We show theoretical interpretation of observations of V1309 Sco and AT2018bwo revealing that binaries undergo substantial prolonged mass loss before the dynamical event amounting up to few solar masses. This mass loss is concentrated in the orbital plane in the form of an outflow or a circumbinary disk. Collision between this slower mass loss and the subsequent faster dynamical ejection powers a bright red transient. The resulting radiative shock helps to shape the explosion remnant and provides a site of dust and molecule formation.
RGB mass loss: inferences from CMD-fitting and asteroseismology
Authors: Tailo Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe amount of mass lost by stars during the red-giant branch (RGB) phase is one of the main parameters needed to fully understand later stages of stellar evolution. In spite of its importance, a fully-comprehensive physical understanding of this phenomenon is still missing, and we, mostly, rely on empirical formulations. The Galactic Globular Clusters are ideal targets to derive such formulations, but, until recently, the presence of multiple populations has been a major challenge.We will discuss the insights on RGB mass loss that can be obtained from the study of the horizontal branch stars in such stellar associations. The estimates obtained via the study of the photometric data will be compared with recent and newly obtained estimates derived for few high metallicity open clusters and a large sample of field stars with asteroseismic techniques.
Chemistry on hot astrochemical dust surfaces: Sulfur in AGB outflows
Authors: Wolstenholme-Hogg Amy , James Alexander D. , Plane John M. C. , Van de Sande Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAstrochemical models treat dust surfaces as ice covered. We investigate the effects of implementing increased bare dust binding energies of CO and S-bearing species on the chemistry in the outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We demonstrate the potential for improving agreement with observations in the outflow of IK Tau.Increasing the binding energies to measured and computationally derived values in high mass-loss AGB outflows increased the production of daughter species. Switching from a high binding energy on bare dust to weaker binding to ice, the gas phase abundance increased at a radius in agreement with observations of IK Tau, suggesting that displacement of bound species could contribute to this observational puzzle. Using a strong binding to bare dust, a gas phase increase was not observed, however parent species concentrations had to be increased by around a factor of four to explain observed concentrations.
Warm Soil, Westerly Wind, and Wet Feet: Feeling and Measuring Ecological Time in the Roman World
Authors: Tally‐Schumacher Kaja J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough climate change, pollution, and environmental degradation are contemporary problems, these are also challenges with deep historic roots in antiquity. 2,000 years ago, during the Roman Climate Optimum, a period of unusually warm, wet, and stable temperatures in the Mediterranean from roughly 200 BCE to 150 CE, the Romans altered the natural environment so greatly that they produced a level of pollution that was unparalleled until the Industrial Revolution. It is precisely in this contradictory time of unusually productive growth and destruction that we discover a blossoming of textual and visual ecological calendars illustrating how the Romans experienced the changing Mediterranean seasons. Roman agricultural treatises instruct us on specific agricultural tasks based on celestial movement, the arrival of particular winds, and on corporeal sensations, such as the warmth of the soil. Literary texts from the period portray kinship and shared corporeality between farmers and plants, with parent farmers listening to and assisting plant‐children in achieving their desires. The concept of measuring time by means of the human body and its sensations is most explicit in the agricultural mosaics of the Late Roman period, which depict enslaved workers laboring, sweating, stomping, plowing, and performing seasonal tasks. While much of the conceptualization of indigenous ecological calendars is framed within the context of modern states, juxtaposing ancient predecessors and contemporary practices offers a new perspective on this topic.
Crustal Deformation in the Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane Region Inferred From P‐Wave Azimuthal Anisotropy
Authors: Wang Kai , Wu Shucheng , Tong Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrustal deformation in the Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane is mainly investigated by geologic and geodetic constraints which suffer from a lack of depth information. In this study, we construct a new depth‐dependent azimuthally anisotropic P‐wave velocity (Vp) model of this area to investigate regional deformation regimes in the upper and middle crust. The model is built based on adjoint‐state traveltime tomography of ∼650,000 local direct P arrivals collected from 1967 to 2021. The average Vp structure agrees well with previous tomographic models with refined velocity features benefiting from the ray‐free adjoint‐state tomography and more arrival time data. The azimuthal anisotropy of Vp reveals distinct differences between the rigid Sierra Nevada block and the Walker Lane shear zone: (a) The western Sierra Nevada shows weak anisotropy (<2%) and NW‐SE oriented fast velocity directions that are parallel to the Pacific‐North American plate boundary, mainly reflecting preserved paleofabrics developed in past subduction processes. (b) In the shallow Walker Lane (<4 km), the orientation of fast‐velocity directions is NNE controlled by regional compressive stress, and changes to NNW at greater depths in the north under shear deformation regimes. (c) In the central Walker Lane, strong anisotropy with ENE‐oriented P fast axes is imaged at 6–16 km from the area south of Lake Tahoe (2%–4%) to the Long Valley volcanic area (4%–8%) because of clockwise crustal block rotations and crustal fluids. The proposed anisotropic Vp model provides new insight into how past and present‐day deformation is accommodated in this tectonic complex plate boundary region.
Estimating Vegetation Greening Influences on Runoff Signatures Using a Log‐Based Weighted Ensemble Method
Authors: Huang Qi , Zhang Yongqiang , Ma Ning , Post David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVegetation greening profoundly impacts the water cycle, and recent concerns about greening impacts have focused on various hydrological cycle components. However, the impacts of greening on catchment runoff signatures reflecting magnitude, low/high flow frequency, low/high flow duration and flow dynamics remain poorly understood. To properly simulate these runoff signatures, we use five modified hydrological models incorporating vegetation dynamics and further derive three ensemble approaches to obtain eight runoff time series outputs in a major tributary of the Yellow River Basin. Multiple validations suggest that the log‐based weighted ensemble (LWE) approach is robust for depicting the impact of greening on selected runoff signatures. This is especially true for the low flow part of the runoff time series and the overall performance of the selected signatures since LWE explicitly reduces the low flow bias. With this approach, five experiments were designed to isolate the impact of vegetation greening on runoff signatures, and the comparisons among the experiments indicate that greening noticeably decreases runoff magnitude, increases low flow frequency/duration and decreases high flow frequency/duration signatures. However, greening has little influence on runoff dynamic signatures. Each percent increase in leaf area index results in (a) changes of −0.2 ± 0.1% for magnitude signatures; (b) changes of −0.34 ± 0.30% and 0.56 ± 0.28% with wide ranges for annual high flow days and annual low flow days, respectively; and (c) marginal change on flow dynamic signatures. This study provides new insights by disentangling greening impacts on various runoff signatures using a trade‐off ensemble method.
3D designed battery-free wireless origami pressure sensor
Authors: Kim Taeil , Kalhori Amirhossein Hassanpoor , Kim Tae-Ho , Bao Chao , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA pressure monitoring structure is a very useful element for a wearable device for health monitoring and sports biomechanics. While pressure sensors have been studied extensively, battery-free functions working in wireless detection have not been studied much. Here, we report a 3D-structured origami-based architecture sensor for wireless pressure monitoring. We developed an architectured platform for wireless pressure sensing through inductor-capacitor (LC) sensors and a monopole antenna. A personalized smart insole with Miura-ori origami designs has been 3D printed together with conductive 3D printed sensors seamlessly. Wireless monitoring of resonant frequency and intensity changes of LC sensors have been demonstrated to monitor foot pressure for different postures. The sensitivity of the wireless pressure sensor is tunable from 15.7 to 2.1 MHz/kPa in the pressure ranges from 0 to 9 kPa and from 10 to 40 kPa, respectively. The proposed wireless pressure-sensing platform can be utilized for various applications such as orthotics, prosthetics, and sports gear.
Entropically engineered formation of fivefold and icosahedral twinned clusters of colloidal shapes
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Glotzer Sharon C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFivefold and icosahedral symmetries induced by multiply twinned crystal structures have been studied extensively for their role in influencing the shape of synthetic nanoparticles, and solution chemistry or geometric confinement are widely considered to be essential. Here we report the purely entropy-driven formation of fivefold and icosahedral twinned clusters of particles in molecular simulation without geometric confinement or chemistry. Hard truncated tetrahedra self-assemble into cubic or hexagonal diamond colloidal crystals depending on the amount of edge and vertex truncation. By engineering particle shape to achieve a negligible entropy difference between the two diamond phases, we show that the formation of the multiply twinned clusters is easily induced. The twinned clusters are entropically stabilized within a dense fluid by a strong fluid-crystal interfacial tension arising from strong entropic bonding. Our findings provide a strategy for engineering twinning behavior in colloidal systems with and without explicit bonding elements between particles.
Room-temperature polariton quantum fluids in halide perovskites
Authors: Peng Kai , Tao Renjie , Haeberlé Louis , Li Quanwei , Jin Dafei , Fleming Graham R. , Kéna-Cohen Stéphane , Zhang Xiang , Bao Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum fluids exhibit quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level, which contrast strongly with classical fluids. Gain-dissipative solid-state exciton-polaritons systems are promising emulation platforms for complex quantum fluid studies at elevated temperatures. Recently, halide perovskite polariton systems have emerged as materials with distinctive advantages over other room-temperature systems for future studies of topological physics, non-Abelian gauge fields, and spin-orbit interactions. However, the demonstration of nonlinear quantum hydrodynamics, such as superfluidity and Čerenkov flow, which is a consequence of the renormalized elementary excitation spectrum, remains elusive in halide perovskites. Here, using homogenous halide perovskites single crystals, we report, in both one- and two-dimensional cases, the complete set of quantum fluid phase transitions from normal classical fluids to scatterless polariton superfluids and supersonic fluids—all at room temperature, clear consequences of the Landau criterion. Specifically, the supersonic Čerenkov wave pattern was observed at room temperature. The experimental results are also in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions from the dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our results set the stage for exploring the rich non-equilibrium quantum fluid many-body physics at room temperature and also pave the way for important polaritonic device applications.
Global distribution and climate sensitivity of the tropical montane forest nitrogen cycle
Authors: Gay Justin D. , Currey Bryce , Brookshire E. N. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTropical forests are pivotal to global climate and biogeochemical cycles, yet the geographic distribution of nutrient limitation to plants and microbes across the biome is unresolved. One long-standing generalization is that tropical montane forests are nitrogen (N)-limited whereas lowland forests tend to be N-rich. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis have yielded equivocal results. Here we evaluate the topographic signature of the ecosystem-level tropical N cycle by examining climatic and geophysical controls of surface soil N content and stable isotopes (δ15N) from elevational gradients distributed across tropical mountains globally. We document steep increases in soil N concentration and declining δ15N with increasing elevation, consistent with decreased microbial N processing and lower gaseous N losses. Temperature explained much of the change in N, with an apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ~1.9. Although montane forests make up 11% of forested tropical land area, we estimate they account for >17% of the global tropical forest soil N pool. Our findings support the existence of widespread microbial N limitation across tropical montane forest ecosystems and high sensitivity to climate warming.
Membrane-mediated protein interactions drive membrane protein organization
Authors: Jiang Yining , Thienpont Batiste , Sapuru Vinay , Hite Richard K. , Dittman Jeremy S. , Sturgis James N. , Scheuring Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe plasma membrane’s main constituents, i.e., phospholipids and membrane proteins, are known to be organized in lipid-protein functional domains and supercomplexes. No active membrane-intrinsic process is known to establish membrane organization. Thus, the interplay of thermal fluctuations and the biophysical determinants of membrane-mediated protein interactions must be considered to understand membrane protein organization. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy and kinetic and membrane elastic theory to investigate the behavior of a model membrane protein in oligomerization and assembly in controlled lipid environments. We find that membrane hydrophobic mismatch modulates oligomerization and assembly energetics, and 2D organization. Our experimental and theoretical frameworks reveal how membrane organization can emerge from Brownian diffusion and a minimal set of physical properties of the membrane constituents.
Butein promotes ubiquitination-mediated survivin degradation inhibits tumor growth and overcomes chemoresistance
Authors: Dong Xin , Liu Wenbin , Li Xiaoying , Gan Yu , Zhou Li , Li Wei , Xie Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOverexpression of survivin is frequently observed in human malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. The present study found that survivin is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor tissues. Depleting survivin with shRNA inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis of NPC cells. With a natural product screening, we identified Butein as a potential anti-tumor compound for NPC by reducing survivin protein level. Butein shortened the half-life of survivin and enhanced ubiquitination-mediated degradation. The mechanism study showed that Butein promoted the interaction between survivin and E3 ligase Fbxl7, and the knockdown of Fbxl7 compromised Butein-induced survivin ubiquitination. Butein suppressed the Akt-Wee1-CDK1 signaling and decreased survivin Thr34 phosphorylation, facilitating E3 ligase Fbxl7-mediated survivin ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, Butein exhibited a strong in vivo anti-tumor activity, as the tumor volume of Butein-treated xenografts was reduced significantly. Butein alone or combined with cisplatin (CDDP) overcame chemoresistance in NPC xenograft tumors. Overall, our data indicate that Butein is a promising anti-tumor agent for NPC treatment.
Comparison of a human acellular dermal matrix and a polypropylene mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction: a randomized trial study in a rabbit model
Authors: Pero Marta , Castells-Sala Cristina , Alserawan Leticia , Casani Laura , Juan Babot Josep Oriol , Jorba Ignasi , Pérez Maria Luisa , Moga Esther , Otero Jorge , López-Chicón Patricia , Badimon Lina , Vilarrodona Serrat Anna , Porta-Roda Oriol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon-absorbable polypropylene (PP) meshes have been widely used in surgical reconstruction of the pelvic floor disorders. However, they are associated with serious complications. Human acellular dermal matrices (hADM) have demonstrated safety and efficacy in reconstructive medicine, but their suitability and efficacy at vaginal level is not known. This study compares the biological performance of PP mesh and a newly developed hADM. 20 rabbits were randomized to receive the hADM graft or the PP mesh. Grafts were surgically implanted in the abdominal wall and vagina. After 180 days, grafts were explanted and evaluated. The vaginal mesh extrusion rate was higher in the PP group (33% vs. 0%, p = 0.015). Full integration of the vaginal grafts was more frequent in the hADM group, where 35% of the grafts were difficult to recognize. In the PP group, the vaginal mesh was identified in 100% of the animals (p = 0.014). In PP group, the infiltrates had a focal distribution and were mostly located in the internal part of the epithelium, while in the hADM group, the infiltrates had a diffuse distribution. Additionally, the hADM group also presented more B-lymphocytes and less T-lymphocytes. Biomechanical analysis showed that hADM had lower resistance to stress. Moreover, PP mesh stiffness and elasticity were higher. Then, hADM is associated with fewer clinical complications, as well as better tissue integration. However, it shows greater incorporation into the surrounding native tissue, especially in the vaginal location, undergoing a reduction in its biomechanical properties 6 months after implantation.
Minimally invasive treatment of cirrhotic secondary hypersplenism with high-intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Tang Shilin , Huang Guohua , Xu Zhihong , Feng Caiju , Yan Gaowu , He Suyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been reported to be a minimally invasive effective method for the treatment of secondary hypersplenism. However, neither the short-term efficacy nor the indications and/or contraindications have been described in patients with cirrhosis. From October 2019 to May 2021, eleven cases of patients with cirrhotic secondary hypersplenism were enrolled. The blood counts, liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound and/or MRI scans of all patients were closely evaluated. Among these 11 patients, eight (72.7%) patients were classified as Child–Pugh A, and the other 3 (27.3%) patients were Child–Pugh B; Five (45%) patients were diagnosed with gallstone, including multiple small stones in 2 patients and single stone in 3 patients. HIFU was performed successfully in all 11 patients. After HIFU, hematologic parameters and liver function were significantly improved in all 11 patients (p < 0.05). The HIFU ablated volume to spleen volume rate was 35–61%. Complications were ecchymosis of the waist in 7 (63.3%) patients, ablated area pain in 3 (27.3%) patients, and choledocholithiasis in 2 (18.2%) patients with multiple small gallstones. All of them recovered smoothly without additional treatment except for 2 patients with choledocholithiasis recovered with risky endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) treatment. This series suggested that HIFU is an effective and safe treatment for cirrhotic secondary hypersplenism in patients classified as Child–Pugh A or B. However, multiple small gallstones could be a relative contraindication for it.