bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human lung microbiome—A hidden link between microbes and human health and diseases
Authors: Yi Xinzhu , Gao Jingyuan , Wang Zhang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOnce thought to be sterile, the human lung is now well recognized to harbor a consortium of microorganisms collectively known as the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is altered in an array of lung diseases, including chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis, acute lung diseases caused by pneumonia, sepsis, and COVID‐19, and other lung complications such as those related to lung transplantation, lung cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus. The effects of lung microbiome in modulating host immunity and inflammation in the lung and distal organs are being elucidated. However, the precise mechanism by which members of microbiota produce structural ligands that interact with host genes and pathways remains largely uncharacterized. Multiple unique challenges, both technically and biologically, exist in the field of lung microbiome, necessitating the development of tailored experimental and analytical approaches to overcome the bottlenecks. In this review, we first provide an overview of the principles and methodologies in studying the lung microbiome. We next review current knowledge of the roles of lung microbiome in human diseases, highlighting mechanistic insights. We finally discuss critical challenges in the field and share our thoughts on broad topics for future investigation.
Leveraging Black pharmacists to promote equity in COVID‐19 vaccine uptake within Black communities: A framework for researchers and clinicians
Authors: Abdul‐Mutakabbir Jacinda C. , Simiyu Brenda , Walker Ramara E. , Christian Robbie L. , Dayo Yewande , Maxam Meshell 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlack Americans are disproportionately represented among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related morbidities and mortalities. While the COVID‐19 vaccines are positioned to change this disparity, vaccine hesitancy, attributed to decades of systemic racism and mistreatment by the United States health care system, heavily exists among this racially and ethnically minoritized group. In addition, social determinants of health within Black communities including the lack of health care access and inequitable COVID‐19 vaccine allocation, further impacts vaccine uptake. Black pharmacists have worked to address the pandemic's deleterious effects that have been recognized within Black communities, as they are intimately aware of the structural and systematic limitations that contribute to lower vaccination rates in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups. Black pharmacists have been integral to promoting equity in COVID‐19 uptake within Black communities by disseminating factual, trustworthy information in collaboration with community leaders, advocating for the equitable access to the immunizations into vulnerable areas, and creating, low‐barrier, options to distribute the vaccines. Herein, we thoroughly explain these points and offer a framework that describes the role of Black pharmacists in narrowing vaccine equity gaps.
Effect of membrane performance variability with temperature and feed composition on pervaporation and vapor permeation system design for solvent drying
Authors: Vane Leland M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of water in organic solvents and biofuels can complicate their production and reuse because many hydrophilic solvents form difficult‐to‐separate mixtures with water (e.g., azeotropes). Pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (V‧P) remove water from such mixtures via selective solution‐diffusion transport through a membrane material. A recent article reviewed design factors that impact the effectiveness of PV/V‧P solvent dehydration processes (J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol 95: 495–512 (2020)). For the sake of simplicity, the earlier work assumed constant membrane permeabilities. The objective here is to explore the impact of variable permeabilities on predictions of PV/V‧P system performance.RESULTSA multiparameter expression relating permeability to process conditions was incorporated into the spreadsheet calculators from the previous work. Use of the expression was demonstrated with literature ethanol/water PV data for a NaA zeolite material and two poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes. The variable permeabilities of the membranes yielded membrane area requirements that were 20–30% different from those calculated using permeances fixed at either end of the target water range. The impact of composition‐dependent permeabilities was most pronounced on the fraction of ethanol transferred to the permeate for the NaA membrane.CONCLUSIONThe inclusion of membrane permeabilities that vary with fluid composition and temperature noticeably altered predictions of the membrane area required to carry out water removal from ethanol by PV and of the transfer of ethanol to the permeate stream. Unless a PV/V‧P process is expected to operate at a constant temperature and in a narrow concentration range, process performance estimates would be improved by inclusion of concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent permeabilities or permeances.Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
B‐cell receptors of EBV‐negative Burkitt lymphoma bind modified isoforms of autoantigens
Authors: Bock Theresa , Bewarder Moritz , Cetin Onur , Fadle Natalie , Regitz Evi , Schwarz Eva C. , Held Jana , Roth Sophie , Lohse Stefan , Pfuhl Thorsten , Wagener Rabea , Smola Sigrun , Becker Sören L. , Bohle Rainer Maria , Trümper Lorenz , Siebert Reiner , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Pfreundschuh Michael , Drexler Hans G. , Hoth Markus , Kubuschok Boris , Roemer Klaus , Preuss Klaus‐Dieter , Hartmann Sylvia , Thurner Lorenz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma (BL) represents the most aggressive B‐cell‐lymphoma. Beside the hallmark of IG‐MYC‐translocation, surface B‐cell receptor (BCR) is expressed, and mutations in the BCR pathway are frequent. Coincidental infections in endemic BL, and specific extra‐nodal sites suggest antigenic triggers. To explore this hypothesis, BCRs of BL cell lines and cases were screened for reactivities against a panel of bacterial lysates, lysates of Plasmodium falciparum, a custom‐made virome array and against self‐antigens, including post‐translationally modified antigens.An atypically modified, SUMOylated isoform of Bystin, that is, SUMO1‐BYSL was identified as the antigen of the BCR of cell line CA46. SUMO1‐BYSL was exclusively expressed in CA46 cells with K139 as site of the SUMOylation. Secondly, an atypically acetylated isoform of HSP40 was identified as the antigen of the BCR of cell line BL41. K104 and K179 were the sites of immunogenic acetylation, and the acetylated HSP40 isoform was solely present in BL41 cells. Functionally, addition of SUMO1‐BYSL and acetylated HSP40 induced BCR pathway activation in CA46 and BL41 cells, respectively. Accordingly, SUMO1‐BYSL‐ETA’ immunotoxin, produced by a two‐step intein‐based conjugation, led to the specific killing of CA46 cells. Autoantibodies directed against SUMO1‐BYSL were found in 3 of 14 (21.4%), and autoantibodies against acetylated HSP40 in 1/14(7.1%) patients with sporadic Burkitt‐lymphoma. No reactivities against antigens of the infectious agent spectrum could be observed.These results indicate a pathogenic role of autoreactivity evoked by immunogenic post‐translational modifications in a subgroup of sporadic BL including two EBV‐negative BL cell lines.
In silico design of a TLR4-mediating multiepitope chimeric vaccine against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via advanced immunoinformatics
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Mohamadi Mohamad Hosein , Banazadeh Mohamad , Alijanizadeh Parsa , Javanmehr Nima , Pourahmad Ramtin , Nouri Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most prevalent motor neuron disorder worldwide. In ALS, progressing disease can result from misfolding and aggregation of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) or TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP43). An efficient immunotherapy for ALS should spare intact SOD1 while eliminating its dysfunctional variant. We utilized advanced immunoinformatics to suggest a potential vaccine candidate against ALS by proposing a model of dynamic TLR4 mediation and induction of a specific Th2-biased shift against mutant SOD1, TDP43, and TRAF6, a protein that specifically interacts with dysfunctional SOD1. SOD1, TDP43, and TRAF6 were retrieved in FASTA. Immune Epitopes Database and CTLpred suggested T/B-cell epitopes from disease-specific regions of selected antigens. A TLR4-mediating adjuvant, RS01, was used. Sequences were assembled via suitable linkers. Tertiary structure of the protein was calculated. Refined protein structure and physicochemical features of the 3D structure were verified in silico. Differential immune induction was assessed via C-ImmSim. GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation was used to assess evolution of the docked vaccine–TLR4 complex in blood. Our protein showed high structural quality and was nonallergenic and immune inducing. Also, the vaccine–TLR4 complex stability was verified by RMSD, RMSF, gyration, and visual analyses of the molecular dynamic trajectory. Contact residues in the vaccine–TLR4 complex showed favorable binding energies. Immune stimulation analyses of the proposed candidate demonstrated a sustained memory cell response and a strong adaptive immune reaction. We proposed a potential vaccine candidate against ALS and verified its physicochemical and immune inducing features. Future studies should assess this vaccine in animal studies.
Spatial and temporal patterns of species replacement in the Middle Pleistocene: а case study of Мicrotus nivaloides Major, 1902 and morphologically related species of the Northern Black Sea and Azov areas
Authors: Popova Lilia , Nezdolii Yevheniia , Syniavska Iryna , Rekovets Leonid , Krokhmal' Olexii , Mironchuk Tetiana , Dzeverin Igor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Middle Pleistocene replacement of the extinct Microtus nivaloides with its likely descendant field vole (M. agrestis Linnaeus, 1761) shows regional differences suggesting the climatic control of the process. Our aim was to test this hypothesis. We studied samples of M. nivaloides and morphologically related species, both recent and extinct, from the Northern Black Sea and Azov areas by means of geometric morphometry. There were measured pairwise Euclidian distances between each fossil specimen and centroids of the extant groups, and between centroids of all studied groups. When the studied samples were arranged in stratigraphic order, the decrease in these distances indicated the nearest approach to (i.e. the appearance of) M. agrestis within the considered area. Our results show that it was an expansion rather than a continuation of previous evolutionary trends. M. agrestis, the species of wet habitats, came to the Northern Black Sea area from the west during the warm and humid Holsteinian interglacial (MIS 11). The species was not widespread within the area and allopatrically coexisted with M. nivaloides. Besides, Holsteinian warming enhanced migration of other mesophilic vole species from adjacent areas. Our approach may be expanded to other extinct species with overlapping ranges of variation.
Copepod interaction with small‐scale, dissipative eddies in turbulence: Comparison among three marine species
Authors: Elmi Dorsa , Webster Donald R. , Fields David M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA physical model of a Burgers vortex was created in the laboratory with characteristics corresponding to dissipative‐scale eddies that copepods are likely to encounter in turbulent flows. The swimming behavior of three marine copepod species is assessed as a function of vortex strength in and around the flow structure with the vortex axis aligned vertically or horizontally in the water. The studied species are Acartia tonsa, an estuarine copepod with a hop‐sink swimming style; Temora longicornis, a coastal copepod with a cruise swimming style; and Calanus finmarchicus, an open‐ocean copepod with a cruise‐sink swimming style. The results show that copepods change their swimming behavior with the intensity of the Burgers vortex and reveal species‐specific responses in nearly all kinematic parameters. A. tonsa and C. finmarchicus exhibited the strongest behavioral response to increasing vortex strength and T. longicornis exhibited the weakest response. A. tonsa and T. longicornis showed no response to changes in vortex orientation, whereas the behavior of C. finmarchicus revealed some vortex orientation dependence. One common behavior among the species is that the swimming trajectory shape becomes increasingly curved and spiral around the vortex core with increasing vortex strength, which provides a means of local aggregation and increased encounter rate with food and mates. The results are interpreted in relation to differences in swimming style and setal morphology among the species.
Atlantification alters the reproduction of jellyfish Aglantha digitale in the European Arctic
Authors: Mańko Maciej K. , Merchel Małgorzata , Kwaśniewski Sławomir , Weydmann‐Zwolicka Agata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing heat content, salinity, and velocity of the Atlantic water masses passing northward through the Fram Strait accelerate the transition of the European Arctic toward more Atlantic state, a process referred to as Atlantification. A pronounced environmental shift leads to a poleward expansion of boreal species ranges and alters seasonal rhythms of local taxa, potentially affecting the whole food web structure. Here, we monitored a pelagic cnidarian, Aglantha digitale, commonly associated with boreal waters, throughout 12 consecutive summers (2003–2014) and along 2 branches of the West Spitsbergen Current, the main conveyor of Atlantic water to the Arctic. We documented a steady decrease in A. digitale abundance in the epipelagic waters of the European Arctic and a disproportionately larger northward advection of this jellyfish with the eastern branch of the West Spitsbergen Current compared to the western branch. Supported with modeling techniques, we found that year after year, A. digitale reproduced earlier in the southern region, thus leading to an earlier descent of the larger, more mature specimens, toward deeper waters, where they avoided our epipelagic sampling. Moreover, the prevalence of smaller jellyfish during years with record‐level water temperature and salinity (2005–2007) in the southern region of the Fram Strait indicated that a 2nd reproductive cycle may have occurred. We also showed that the northern population of A. digitale, or at least part of it, originates in the south and is advected northward with the West Spitsbergen Current. In addition, our work highlights the need to include jellyfish in zooplankton monitoring.
Length, width, shape regularity, and chain structure: time series analysis of phytoplankton morphology from imagery
Authors: Sonnet Virginie , Guidi Lionel , Mouw Colleen B. , Puggioni Gavino , Ayata Sakina‐Dorothée 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFunctional traits are increasingly used to assess changes in phytoplankton community structure and to link individual characteristics to ecosystem functioning. However, they are usually inferred from taxonomic identification or manually measured for each organism, both time consuming approaches. Instead, we focus on high throughput imaging to describe the main temporal variations of morphological changes of phytoplankton in Narragansett Bay, a coastal time‐series station. We analyzed a 2‐yr dataset of morphological features automatically extracted from continuous imaging of individual phytoplankton images (~ 105 million images collected by an Imaging FlowCytobot). We identified synthetic morphological traits using multivariate analysis and revealed that morphological variations were mainly due to changes in length, width, shape regularity, and chain structure. Morphological changes were especially important in winter with successive peaks of larger cells with increasing complexity and chains more clearly connected. Small nanophytoplankton were present year‐round and constituted the base of the community, especially apparent during the transitions between diatom blooms. High inter‐annual variability was also observed. On a weekly timescale, increases in light were associated with more clearly connected chains while more complex shapes occurred at lower nitrogen concentrations. On an hourly timescale, temperature was the determinant variable constraining cell morphology, with a general negative influence on length and a positive one on width, shape regularity, and chain structure. These first insights into the phytoplankton morphology of Narragansett Bay highlight the possible morphological traits driving the phytoplankton succession in response to light, temperature, and nutrient changes.
The effect of a restricted diet on the results of fractional microneedle radiofrequency therapy: A comparison of vegan and omnivorous participants in terms of the antiaging effect of radiofrequency therapy
Authors: Akpolat Nebahat Demet , Unlu Sezin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare the results of fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) therapy in vegan and omnivorous participants.MethodsA total of 30 vegan and 30 omnivorous women who were treated with FMR therapy for combating aging were included in the study. The clinical results were examined in Months 3 and 6 based on the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (FWS). Individual satisfaction was investigated in Month 6 using the Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC).ResultsAt the onset of the treatment, there was no significant difference with regard to the FWS scores in both groups. The decrease in the FWS score was significantly lower in vegans after 3 months (p = 0.01). Vegans had worsened clinical outcomes by Month 6 (p = 0.01). The PGIC scores were significantly lower in vegans (p = 0.01).ConclusionA vegan diet adversely affects the outcome of FMR therapy.
Functional Analyses of Two Novel LRRK2 Pathogenic Variants in Familial Parkinson′s Disease
Authors: Coku Ilda , Mutez Eugénie , Eddarkaoui Sabiha , Carrier Sébastien , Marchand Antoine , Deldycke Claire , Goveas Liesel , Baille Guillaume , Tir Mélissa , Magnez Romain , Thuru Xavier , Vermeersch Gaëlle , Vandenberghe Wim , Buée Luc , Defebvre Luc , Sablonnière Bernard , Chartier‐Harlin Marie‐Christine , Taymans Jean‐Marc , Huin Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in the LRRK2 gene are a common monogenic cause of Parkinson's disease. However, only seven variants have been confirmed to be pathogenic.ObjectivesWe identified two novel LRRK2 variants (H230R and A1440P) and performed functional testing.MethodsWe transiently expressed wild‐type, the two new variants, or two known pathogenic mutants (G2019S and R1441G) in HEK‐293 T cells, with or without LRRK2 kinase inhibitor treatment. We characterized the phosphorylation and kinase activity of the mutants by western blotting. Thermal shift assays were performed to determine the folding and stability of the LRRK2 proteins.ResultsThe two variants were found in two large families and segregate with the disease. They display altered LRRK2 phosphorylation and kinase activity.ConclusionsWe identified two novel LRRK2 variants which segregate with the disease. The results of functional testing lead us to propose these two variants as novel causative mutations for familial Parkinson's disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
SARSCOV‐19 amidst corruption: Does the civil society matter? – An empirical study
Authors: Arkorful Vincent Ekow , Lugu Benjamin Kweku , Charway Susana Mamley , Arkorful Vincent Ansah 
Published: June 2022

The pandemic outbreak has dealt consequences on global engagements and structures. With the ongoing search for pandemic‐mitigating measures and the excesses (notably corruption) erupted in its wake, concerns have been raised about the decline in public trust, transparency and satisfaction – particularly in Ghana. This situation has spurred multilevel governance discussions regarding pandemic management. Ensuingly characterising policy makers' propositions in this regard is the civil society's salience as a control valve to governance deficits like corruption. Therefore, transcending the anecdotal claims on civil society's efficacy, this study takes a state‐society perspective to probe its relevance in fostering trust, transparency and satisfaction, relative to corruption‐stricken pandemic governance. The current study engages the general systems theory as a conceptual lens. The structural equation modelling technique was used in analysing data (n = 519) gathered through the questionnaire survey approach. Though results of data analysis affirmed the negative effects of corruption on trust, transparency and satisfaction, the civil society received affirmation as an enhancer of trust, transparency and satisfaction. In view of these study findings, implications and future research suggestions are delimited.
Cumulative tenofovir diphosphate exposure in persons with HIV taking single‐ vs. multiple‐tablet regimens
Authors: Coyle Ryan P. , Morrow Mary , MaWhinney Samantha , Coleman Stacey S. , Zheng Jia‐Hua , Ellison Lucas , Bushman Lane R. , Kiser Jennifer J. , Anderson Peter L. , Castillo‐Mancilla Jose R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed cumulative antiretroviral exposure—using tenofovir diphosphate (TFV‐DP) in dried blood spots (DBS)—in persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) as single‐tablet regimens (STR) or multiple‐tablet regimens (MTR).MethodsBlood for DBS was prospectively collected in PWH on TDF during 1144 person visits (n = 523). Linear mixed‐effects models, adjusted for baseline characteristics, were used to compare TFV‐DP in STR versus MTR. Models adjusted for ART regimen using either anchor drug class, pharmacokinetic booster status (unboosted [u/] or boosted [b/]), or a combined STR/MTR and booster categorical variable.ResultsIn the anchor class‐adjusted model, STR had 19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%–37%; p = 0.02) higher TFV‐DP concentrations than MTR. However, in the booster‐adjusted model, STR was not significantly higher than MTR (estimate 5%, 95% CI: −9% to 21%; p = 0.48), although PWH on b/ART had 35% (95% CI: 16%–58%; p = 0.0001) higher TFV‐DP than u/ART. In the STR/MTR‐boosted variable model, when compared to u/MTR, b/STR, b/MTR, and u/STR had 25% (95% CI: 7%–47%; p = 0.005), 37% (95% CI: 17%–59%; p < 0.0001), and 7% (95% CI: −7% to 24%; p = 0.34) higher TFV‐DP, respectively. Compared with b/MTR, b/STR had 9% (95% CI: −31% to 10%; p = 0.37) lower TFV‐DP. In a sensitivity analysis of PWH with HIV viral load <20 copies/ml at all visits, b/STR and b/MTR had 34% (95% CI: 16%–55%; p < 0.0001) and 12% (95% CI: −2% to 27%; p = 0.09) higher TFV‐DP, respectively, compared with u/MTR, while u/STR had 4% (95% CI: −15% to 8%; p = 0.50) lower TFV‐DP. Compared with b/MTR, b/STR had 17% (95% CI: 2%–30%; p = 0.03) higher TFV‐DP.ConclusionsPersons with HIV on b/TDF‐based ART had higher TFV‐DP than u/ART, regardless of STR or MTR use. No significant differences in TFV‐DP between regimens of the same boosting status (i.e., b/STR vs. b/MTR; u/STR vs. u/MTR) were observed in the full cohort. Future research should examine the clinical utility of these findings in patient‐tailored ART selection.