bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson’s disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Tian Jie , Fan Yu , Hao Xiaoyan , Li Mengjie , Li Jiadi , Ma Dongrui , Guo Mengnan , Li Shuangjie , Xu Yuming , Shi Changhe 
Published: November 2022

Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD.Methods: We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on IQ, EA, cognitive performance, and PD. Four genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PD were used to comprehensively explore the causal relationship, including PD GWAS (regardless of sex), age at onset of PD GWAS, male with PD GWAS, and female with PD GWAS data. We conducted a two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods to evaluate the causal association between these factors. MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were used for sensitivity analysis to test and correct horizontal pleiotropy. Multivariate MR (MVMR) was also used to account for the covariation between IQ, EA, and cognition, as well as to explore potential mediating factors.Results: Genetically predicted higher IQ was associated with an increased risk of PD in the entire population, regardless of gender. In the analyses using the IVW method, the odds ratio was 1.37 (p = 0.0064). Men with a higher IQ, more years of education, or stronger cognitive ability are more likely to develop PD compared to women. MVMR showed that adjusting for education and cognition largely attenuated the association between IQ and PD, suggesting that education and cognition may mediate the effect of IQ on PD.Conclusion: This study provides genetic support for the causal link between higher IQ and an increased risk of PD.
Characterizing and correcting immune dysfunction in non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease
Authors: Ratnatunga Champa N. , Tungatt Katie , Proietti Carla , Halstrom Sam , Holt Michael R. , Lutzky Viviana P. , Price Patricia , Doolan Denise L. , Bell Scott C. , Field Matt A. , Kupz Andreas , Thomson Rachel M. , Miles John J. 
Published: November 2022

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic, progressive, and growing worldwide health burden associated with mounting morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Improvements in NTM-PD management are urgently needed, which requires a better understanding of fundamental immunopathology. Here, we examine temporal dynamics of the immune compartment during NTM-PD caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobactereoides abscessus complex (MABS). We show that active MAC infection is characterized by elevated T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression across multiple T cell subsets. In contrast, active MABS infection was characterized by increased expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Patients who failed therapy closely mirrored the healthy individual immune phenotype, with circulating immune network appearing to ‘ignore’ infection in the lung. Interestingly, immune biosignatures were identified that could inform disease stage and infecting species with high accuracy. Additionally, programmed cell death protein 1 blockade rescued antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion in all disease stages except persistent infection, suggesting the potential to redeploy checkpoint blockade inhibitors for NTM-PD. Collectively, our results provide new insight into species-specific ‘immune chatter’ occurring during NTM-PD and provide new targets, processes and pathways for diagnostics, prognostics, and treatments needed for this emerging and difficult to treat disease.
The clinical efficacy of pure-grind acellular dermal matrix without gelatin in lower extremity skin defect treatment: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Jeong Yon Soo , Kim Tae Wook , Park Dong Ha , Lee Il Jae 
Published: November 2022

Background: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is currently considered as a replacement for lost extracellular matrix. Trials have been conducted on dressing materials with high contents of ADM without any impurities, such as gelatin, which only undergo the grinding process. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical application and wound healing effect of pure-grind ADM in lower extremity skin defect treatment.Methods: Patients with skin defects in the lower extremities who did not achieve wound healing within 4 weeks with conservative treatment were enrolled in this study from March 2021 to July 2021. We randomized the patients into two groups. The patients in the experimental group were treated with pure-grind ADM and conventional negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), whereas the patients in the control group were only treated with NPWT. Every wound was followed-up for 7 weeks, and complete wound healing was confirmed when the skin defect was fully covered with epithelized tissue.Results: A total of 41 patients were enrolled in this study. Complete wound healing was observed in 73.2% of patients, and 26.8% had an unhealed status until the end of the follow-up. The pure-grind ADM did not promote complete healing (p = 0.796) and was not associated with epithelization time but promoted the velocity of epithelization (experimental 5.58 vs. 3.50 cm2/day, p = 0.020). Considering the time of healing, the decrease in wound depth was more extensive (p = 0.021), the speed of granulation tissue formation was higher, and this difference was more evident after 5 weeks of treatment in the experimental group.Conclusion: We demonstrated the clinical efficacy of pure-grind ADM in treatment of lower extremity skin defects. This new type of ADM, without any impurities, is important in wound healing. Its depth filling effect is powerful, and it can promote epithelization velocity and speed of granulation tissue formation.
The diagnostic value of interleukin 35 as a septic biomarker: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Yuanhui , Tang Dongling , Zhang Pingan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that interleukin 35 (IL-35) represents a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of IL-35 in sepsis.Materials and methodsFrom October 1998 to May 2022, set retrieval standards were used to search literature Databases. Each included study was assessed diagnostic accuracy study quality assessment tool. Two researchers independently extracted the data and research features. If there are differences, the issue will be resolved by mutual agreement. Meta-disc and Stata software were utilized to calculate combined sensitivity, specificity, and summary diagnostic odds ratio (SDOR), I2, or Cochrane Q in order to detection for heterogeneity, and meta-regression was performed to figure out the cause of heterogeneity. Utilizing funnel plots, we tested for publication bias.ResultsIn this meta-analysis, eight publications were included. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77–0.93), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60–0.83), and 18.26 (95% CI, 9.70–34.37), respectively. In addition, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90) was the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve. In the heterogeneity analysis, the sensitivity of comprehensive I2 statistic was 84.38, and the specificity was 87.82. Deeks’ funnel plot showed no publication bias in this meta-analysis (P = 0.17). A meta-analysis revealed that IL-35 has a modest sensitivity (AUC = 0.88) for diagnosing sepsis. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of IL-35 and procalcitonin (PCT), and our results showed that the diagnostic accuracy parameters for IL-35 were significantly higher than those for PCT.ConclusionInterleukin 35 is a valuable biomarker for the early detection of sepsis. However, the data should be combined with clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory and microbiological findings.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced perturbative changes in microbial communities and metabolic pathways in rats
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Lei , Shang Xue-Ying , Chen Yi-Lin , Zhao Shan-Shan , Jin Shi , Yang Jing , Liu Hui-Xin , Du Jian 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundObesity has become a global health and socioeconomic problem because of an inadequate balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are the two most commonly used strategies for weight loss, which have been proven to benefit from gut microbiota restoration.MethodsRats received SG, RYGB, and sham operations for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, the shift in the plasma metabolism of rats that underwent RYGB surgery was analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. The crosstalk between microbiome and metabolites was revealed using metabolic pathway enrichment and integrated analysis.ResultThe SG surgery induced a modest shift in the gut microbiota relative to the RYGB. RYGB significantly decreased the alpha diversity and Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio and increased the proportion of Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia genera compared to sham and SG operations. The predicted function of gut microbiota revealed that the RYGB surgery uniquely enhanced the capability of linoleic acid and sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, the circulating serine, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 20:5/22:5, riboflavin, L–carnitine, and linoleic acid were evaluated after RYGB surgery. In addition, the metabolic pathway enrichment and integrated analysis suggest that the RYGB induced Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia might inhibit the sphingonine and phytosphingosine metabolisms from serine and promote the PC (20:5/22:5) metabolism to produce linoleic acid.ConclusionThis comprehensive analysis not only revealed the difference in the gut microbiota shifts after SG and RYGB but also discovered the perturbative changes in microbial communities and metabolic pathways after RYGB surgery, which provided clues for improving the beneficial effect of RYGB in metabolic disease intervention via regulating bacterial-metabolite crosstalk.
Global trends in Akkermansia muciniphila research: A bibliometric visualization
Authors: Li Zitong , Ke Haoran , Wang Ying , Chen Shuze , Liu Xiuying , Lin Qianyun , Wang Pu , Chen Ye 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAkkermansia muciniphila is a member of the gut microbiome, using mucin as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Since the first discovery of this unique bacterium in 2004, A. muciniphila has been extensively studied. It is considered a promising “next-generation beneficial microbe.” The purpose of this paper is to sort out the research status and summarize the hotspots through bibliometric analysis of the publications of A. muciniphila.MethodsThe publications about A. muciniphila from January 2004 to February 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. Visualization analyses were performed using three bibliometric tools and GraphPad Prism.ResultsA total of 1,478 published documents were analyzed. Annual publication number grew from 1 in 2004 to 336 in 2021, with China being the leading producer (33.36%). De Vos, Willem M was the most productive author with the highest H-index (documents = 56, H-index = 37), followed by Cani, Patrice D (documents = 35, H-index = 25). And Scientific Reports published the most papers. PNAS was the keystone taxa in this field, with high betweenness centrality (0.11) and high frequency. The keywords with high frequency in recent years include: oxidative stress, diet, metformin, fecal microbiota transplantation, short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, microbiota metabolites and so on. The keyword “oxidative stress” was observed to be increasing in frequency recently.ConclusionOver time, the scope of the research on the clinical uses of A. muciniphila has gradually increased, and was gradually deepened and developed toward a more precise level. A. muciniphila is likely to remain a research hotspot in the foreseeable future and may contribute to human health.
Disrupted gut microbiota aggravates working memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure in mice
Authors: Zhao Zhifang , Cui Dejun , Wu Guosong , Ren Hong , Zhu Ximei , Xie Wenting , Zhang Yuming , Yang Liu , Peng Weiqi , Lai Chunxiao , Huang Yongmei , Li Hao 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe widely accepted microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) hypothesis may be essential for explaining the impact of high-altitude exposure on the human body, especially brain function. However, studies on this topic are limited, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether high-altitude-induced working memory dysfunction could be exacerbated with gut microbiota disruption.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, high-altitude exposed (HAE), and high-altitude exposed with antibiotic treatment (HAE-A). The HAE and HAE-A groups were exposed to a low-pressure oxygen chamber (60–65 kPa) simulating the altitude of 3,500–4,000 m for 14 days, The air pressure level for the control group was maintained at 94.5 kPa. Antibiotic water (mixed with 0.2 g/L of ciprofloxacin and 1 g/L of metronidazole) was provided to the HAE-A group. Based on the results of the novel object test and P300 in the oddball behavioral paradigm training test, working memory dysfunction was aggravated by antibiotic treatment. We determined the antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex and found a significant negative influence (p &lt; 0.05) of disturbed gut microbiota on the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The same trend was also observed in the apoptosis-related functional protein content and mRNA expression levels in the prefrontal cortex, especially the levels of bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. The high-altitude environment and antibiotic treatment substantially affected the richness and diversity of the colonic microbiota and reorganized the composition and structure of the microbial community. S24-7, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillaceae were the three microbial taxa with the most pronounced differences under the stimulation by external factors in this study. In addition, correlation analysis between colonic microbiota and cognitive function in mice demonstrated that Helicobacteraceae may be closely related to behavioral results.ConclusionDisrupted gut microbiota could aggravate working memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure in mice, indicating the existence of a link between high-altitude exposure and MGBA.
Combining p-values from various statistical methods for microbiome data
Authors: Ham Hyeonjung , Park Taesung 
Published: November 2022

MotivationIn the field of microbiome analysis, there exist various statistical methods that have been developed for identifying differentially expressed features, that account for the overdispersion and the high sparsity of microbiome data. However, due to the differences in statistical models or test formulations, it is quite often to have inconsistent significance results across statistical methods, that makes it difficult to determine the importance of microbiome taxa. Thus, it is practically important to have the integration of the result from all statistical methods to determine the importance of microbiome taxa. A standard meta-analysis is a powerful tool for integrative analysis and it provides a summary measure by combining p-values from various statistical methods. While there are many meta-analyses available, it is not easy to choose the best meta-analysis that is the most suitable for microbiome data.ResultsIn this study, we investigated which meta-analysis method most adequately represents the importance of microbiome taxa. We considered Fisher’s method, minimum value of p method, Simes method, Stouffer’s method, Kost method, and Cauchy combination test. Through simulation studies, we showed that Cauchy combination test provides the best combined value of p in the sense that it performed the best among the examined methods while controlling the type 1 error rates. Furthermore, it produced high rank similarity with the true ranks. Through the real data application of colorectal cancer microbiome data, we demonstrated that the most highly ranked microbiome taxa by Cauchy combination test have been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer.
Association of walking speed with cognitive function in Chinese older adults: A nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Liu Jianping , Cui Kaiwang , Chen Qian , Li Zhiteng , Fu Jing , Gong Xiangwen , Xu Hui 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSlow walking speed has been shown to predict cognitive decline in older individuals, but studies conducted among Chinese older adults are scarce. We examined the association of walking speed with cognitive function and the trajectory of cognitive decline among Chinese adults aged 60 years and older.MethodsData was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), an ongoing nationally representative prospective cohort study. Walking speed was evaluated over a straight 2.5-meter flat course at baseline and categorized into tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Cognitive function was assessed at each wave in three domains: episodic memory, mental status, and global cognition. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsA total of 3,954 older adults (48.6% female; mean age: 67.6 ± 5.55 years) were followed for up to 7 years. Participants with lowest walking speed have poorer episodic memory (β = −0.37; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.28), mental status (β = −0.45; 95% CI: −0.60, −0.29), and global cognition (β = −0.81; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.60) over the follow-up. Compared with the highest tertile of walking speed, the lowest walking speed was associated with a faster decline in episodic memory (β = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.02), mental status (β = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.07, −0.01), and global cognition (β = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11, −0.01).ConclusionSlower walking speed is associated with subsequent risk of poorer cognitive function and faster cognitive decline in older Chinese adults.
Effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine Ukgansan for clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A pilot, randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Jin Chul , Cho Ki-Ho , Kwon Seungwon , Lee Han-Gyul , Kim Tae-Hun , Jung Woo-Sang , Moon Sang-Kwan , Cho Seung-Yeon , Kang Byoung-Kab , Park Jung-Mi , Park Hi-Joon , Ko Chang-Nam 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which patients are suffering various symptoms. Previous experimental studies suggested that herbal medicine Ukgansan (UGS) could be beneficial for PD. The aim of this pilot clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of UGS for improving clinical symptoms in patients with PD.MethodsSixty patients with idiopathic PD were randomly assigned to receive either UGS plus acupuncture or acupuncture alone for 6 weeks. During the trial, all anti-parkinsonian medications were maintained. Subjects were evaluated for various clinical assessments of PD, including the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), until 12 weeks.ResultsIn MDS-UPDRS between the groups, no significant time x group interaction was found. In the subgroup analysis of participants with anxiety, a significant time x group interaction was found in the PDQ-39 domain of mobility (P = 0.007), activities of daily living (P = 0.042), and the PDQ-39 summary index (P = 0.048). In addition, post-hoc analysis in participants with anxiety showed a significant decrease in the domains of mobility (P = 0.001) and activities of daily living (P = 0.013) at week 7. There were no adverse events associated with UGS.ConclusionThe additional administration of UGS has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of PD patients with anxiety. In order to create more definitive evidence, clinical trials with more rigorous methodologies should be conducted in future.Clinical trial registrationhttp://cris.nih.go.kr, identifier: KCT0003444.
Effect of bispectral index-guided total intravenous anesthesia in younger children: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Liu Guoliang , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Fang , Li Lijing , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundBIS-guided total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is widely used in children, but few studies have attempted to evaluation of the effect of BIS-guided TIVA in younger children. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bispectral index (BIS) guidance during TIVA in younger children during anesthesia.MethodsThis study is a prospective, randomized, single-blind and controlled clinical trial. This study enrolled pediatric patients (aged 1–3 years) who were scheduled for surgery under TIVA with propofol and remifentanil. The children were randomly assigned to the BIS group (group B) and standard clinical practice group (group S). The BIS values in group B were maintained at 45–60. The anesthesiologist controlled the depth of anesthesia in group S according to the variation in the clinical signs of the children. The time of extubation, duration of stay in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), as well as BIS values, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation at eight time points 1 min before induction (T1), 1 min after induction (1 min after the induction drugs were administrated) (T2), immediately after intubation (T3), immediately after skin incision (T4), 30 min after the start of the operation (T5), 60 min after the start of operation (T6), immediately after drug withdrawal (T7), and immediately after extubation (T8), propofol consumption, and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in time to extubation 15(10,21) vs 14 (11,20) and duration of stay in PACU 27 (20,37) vs. 29 (22,39) between the group B and group S. At the time points 30 min after the start of the operation, 60 min after the start of operation and immediately after drug withdrawal, the BIS values in group S were significantly higher than those in group B (57 ± 9, 57 ± 9, 60 ± 8 vs 52 ± 7, 54 ± 7, 57 ± 6).ConclusionsThe use of BIS-guided total intravenous anesthesia in younger children does not shorten the time of extubation and the duration of stay in the PACU.Trial registrationChictr.org.cn identifier: 24/11/2017, ChiCTR-IOR-17013530.