bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of mental health and substance use disorders among Italian young people aged 10–24 years: results from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
Authors: Amendola Simone 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The burden of mental health and substance use disorders among Italian young people have not yet been presented in detail, despite adolescents and young adults aged between 10 and 24 years constitute 14.5% of the Italian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide data on the health burden of mental health and substance use disorders among young people (10–24 years) in Italy between 1990 and 2019.

Methods
Ecological study design using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Age- and sex-specific prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of mental health and substance use disorders with the uncertainty intervals were reported as well as their percentual changes between 1990 and 2019.

Results
Prevalence and YLDs rates of mental health and substance use disorders showed negative trends overall between 1990 and 2019. However, diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity, autism spectrum, conduct and eating (among males) disorders increased as well as cocaine use disorder. The highest levels of disability in terms of YLDs were due to anxiety, depressive, conduct and eating disorders and alcohol use, amphetamine use and opioid use disorders. The disease burden was higher in middle-late adolescence and young adulthood than early adolescence, among females than males for mental health disorders and among males compared to females for substance use disorders.

Conclusion
Findings of the study highlighted disorder-specific patterns of prevalence and YLDs rates and were discussed considering previous research. The public health system should continuously sustain mental health promotion and prevention efforts in young people.
Numerical study of the effect of workpiece thickness on the interfacial behavior of a molten aluminum droplet on a zinc-coated steel sheet
Authors: Cho Won-Ik , Woizeschke Peer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn brazing, the interfacial conditions between the molten filler material and the solid workpiece are important, yet they cannot be observed experimentally. A two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation was conducted to analyze the behavior of a single droplet of molten aluminum on zinc-coated steel sheet as a simplified brazing process. The simulation models were verified through a comparison with experimental results in terms of bead shape, zinc distribution, and molten metal behavior. The results show that Young’s equation was not valid in explaining the wetting behavior because of the instant solidification. In this respect, the effects of the workpiece thickness and wetting angle on the bead width were negligible. Two periods of time, namely, the times for the temperature difference and solidification and their ratio (interface number), were defined to analyze the temperature behavior at the interface over time as well as the effects of workpiece thickness. The interfacial temperature behaviors tended to be divided into three regions: linear (or inversely proportional), singular, and convergence. The interface number converged to a value of one with the increase in the thickness.
Calculating the Climatology and Anomalies of Surface Cloud Radiative Effect Using Cloud Property Histograms and Cloud Radiative Kernels
Authors: Zhou Chen , Liu Yincheng , Wang Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCloud radiative kernels (CRK) built with radiative transfer models have been widely used to analyze the cloud radiative effect on top of atmosphere (TOA) fluxes, and it is expected that the CRKs would also be useful in the analyses of surface radiative fluxes, which determines the regional surface temperature change and variability. In this study, CRKs at the surface and TOA were built using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM). Longwave cloud radiative effect (CRE) at the surface is primarily driven by cloud base properties, while TOA CRE is primarily decided by cloud top properties. For this reason, the standard version of surface CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month, cloud optical thickness (τ) and cloud base pressure (CBP), and the TOA CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month, τ and cloud top pressure (CTP). Considering that the cloud property histograms provided by climate models are functions of CTP instead of CBP at present, the surface CRKs on CBP-τ histograms were converted to CTP-τ fields using the statistical relationship between CTP, CBP and τ obtained from collocated CloudSat and MODIS observations. For both climate model outputs and satellites observations, the climatology of surface CRE and cloud-induced surface radiative anomalies calculated with the surface CRKs and cloud property histograms are well correlated with those calculated from surface radiative fluxes. The cloud-induced surface radiative anomalies reproduced by surface CRKs and MODIS cloud property histograms are not affected by spurious trends that appear in Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) surface irradiances products.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women seeking fertility treatment: the patient’s perspective
Authors: Wedner-Ross Shona , Schippert Cordula , von Versen-Höynck Frauke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study sought the views of women with impaired fertility on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their fertility treatment and psychological wellbeing.

Methods
A cross-sectional, anonymous, online questionnaire was completed in June–December 2020 by 249 women attending fertility clinics across Germany. All women seeking treatment in fertility clinics were eligible to participate. The online survey covered questions about the patient’s quality of life, their opinions about the professional societies’ recommendations and their effects as well as any concerns about infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Three-quarters of participants disagreed with the pausing of fertility treatments. Women who participated from October to December 2020, when the incidence rate was high, were as likely to disagree as participants that participated from June to September 2020 (73% vs 79%, p = 0.3). Seventy-two participants (29%) had their appointments cancelled. Nearly all (97%) reported being upset by this, with 40 (56%) reporting that they were extremely or very disappointed about the cancellation. Women who had to wait 10 weeks or longer were more likely to be upset by the postponement or cancellation of their appointment than women who had to wait a shorter amount of time (p = 0.01). Many participants (41%) were worried about possible negative effects a SARS-CoV-2 infection might have related to their fertility, pregnancy or unborn child.

Conclusion
Postponement of treatments increased distress among patients and should be avoided when possible. Fertility clinics must provide information about the current state of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancies and options for immunization.
Melanocytic nevi in sentinel lymph nodes: association with cutaneous nevi and clinical relevance in patients with cutaneous melanomas
Authors: Kretschmer Lutz , Schnabel Viktor , Kromer Christian , Bauer-Büntzel Christoph , Richter Annika , Bremmer Felix , Kück Fabian , Julius Katharina , Mitteldorf Christina , Schön Michael P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Melanocytic nevi in lymph nodes (NNs) are an important histological differential diagnosis of initial sentinel lymph node (SN) metastasis in melanoma. Our aim was to associate NN in SNs with clinicopathologic features and survival rates in 1, 250 patients with SN biopsy for melanoma.

Methods
To compare patients with present and absent NN, we used Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression models in this retrospective observational study based on a prospectively maintained institutional database.

Results
NN prevalence in axillary, cervical, and groin SNs was 16.5%, 19.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. NN were observed in combination with all growth patterns of melanoma, but more frequently when the primary was histologically associated with a cutaneous nevus. We observed a decreasing NN prevalence with increasing SN metastasis diameter. Multiple logistic regression determined a significantly increased NN probability for SNs of the neck or axilla, for individuals with ≥ 50 cutaneous nevi, midline primary melanomas, and for individuals who reported non-cutaneous malignancies in their parents. Cancer in parents was also significantly more frequently reported by melanoma patients who had more than 50 cutaneous nevi. In SN-negative patients, NN indicated a tendency for slightly lower melanoma-specific survival.

Conclusions
We found a highly significant association between NN diagnosis and multiple cutaneous nevi and provided circumstantial evidence that cutaneous nevi in the drainage area of lymph nodes are particularly important. The trend toward lower melanoma-specific survival in SN-negative patients with NN suggests that careful differentiation of SN metastases is important.
Identifying extreme COVID-19 mortality risks in English small areas: a disease cluster approach
Authors: Adin A. , Congdon P. , Santafé G. , Ugarte M. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a huge impact worldwide and has highlighted the extent of health inequalities between countries but also in small areas within a country. Identifying areas with high mortality is important both of public health mitigation in COVID-19 outbreaks, and of longer term efforts to tackle social inequalities in health. In this paper we consider different statistical models and an extension of a recent method to analyze COVID-19 related mortality in English small areas during the first wave of the epidemic in the first half of 2020. We seek to identify hotspots, and where they are most geographically concentrated, taking account of observed area factors as well as spatial correlation and clustering in regression residuals, while also allowing for spatial discontinuities. Results show an excess of COVID-19 mortality cases in small areas surrounding London and in other small areas in North-East and and North-West of England. Models alleviating spatial confounding show ethnic isolation, air quality and area morbidity covariates having a significant and broadly similar impact on COVID-19 mortality, whereas nursing home location seems to be slightly less important.
Impact of low-intensity heat events on mortality and morbidity in regions with hot, humid summers: a scoping literature review
Authors: Strathearn Melanie , Osborne Nicholas J. , Selvey Linda A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine the impacts of low-intensity heat on human health in regions with hot, humid summers. Current literature has highlighted an increase in mortality and morbidity rates during significant heat events. While the impacts on high-intensity events are established, the impacts on low-intensity events, particularly in regions with hot, humid summers, are less clear. A scoping review was conducted searching three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science) using key terms based on the inclusion criteria. We included papers that investigated the direct human health impacts of low-intensity heat events (single day or heatwaves) in regions with hot, humid summers in middle- and high-income countries. We excluded papers written in languages other than English. Of the 600 publications identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that low-intensity heatwaves can increase all-cause non-accidental, cardiovascular-, respiratory- and diabetes-related mortality, in regions experiencing hot, humid summers. Impacts of low-intensity heatwaves on morbidity are less clear, with research predominantly focusing on hospitalisation rates with a range of outcomes. Few studies investigating the impact of low-intensity heat events on emergency department presentations and ambulance dispatches were found. However, the data from a limited number of studies suggest that both of these outcome measures increase during low-intensity heat events. Low-intensity heat events may increase mortality. There is insufficient evidence of a causal effect of low-intensity heat events on increasing morbidity for a firm conclusion. Further research on the impact of low-intensity heat on morbidity and mortality using consistent parameters is warranted.
Chevkinite-group minerals in selected intrusions of the Mazury Complex, North-Eastern Poland: insights into the formation of a titanite-like phase by hydrothermal alteration
Authors: Domańska-Siuda Justyna , Nejbert Krzysztof , Bagiński Bogusław , Macdonald Ray , Kotowski Jakub , Stachowicz Marcin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChevkinite-group minerals forming large and common (up to 0.03 vol%) accessory phases in monzodiorites and granodiorites from the Mesoproterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite intrusions, Mazury Complex, north-eastern Poland, range from pristine magmatic types to hydrothermally altered varieties. The unaltered phase is perrierite-(Ce), with the uncommon feature of having Al dominant in the C site. Hydrothermal alteration of the perrierite-(Ce) followed two main trends: one shows depletion in Ca, Fe, Si, Al and Mg, and increasing Ti contents; the other shows increases in Si, Ti and Ca and decreases in light rare-earth elements (LREE), Y and Mg, at about constant Fe content. The second trend resulted in the formation of a phase compositionally similar to titanite. Result of chemical analyses show that the transition from perrierite-(Ce) to the titanite-like phase is sharp; an electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) study shows the titanite- like material to be amorphous. The hydrothermal alteration of a chevkinite-group mineral to titanite has commonly been reported in natural sequences but this is the first record of the identification of a titanite-like phase made on the basis of a structural analysis.
Action recognition by key trajectories
Authors: Camarena Fernando , Chang Leonardo , Gonzalez-Mendoza Miguel , Cuevas-Ascencio Ricardo J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman action recognition is an active field of research that intends to explain what a subject is doing in an input video. Deep learning architectures serve as the foundation for cutting-edge approaches. Recent research, on the other hand, indicates that hand-crafted characteristics are complementary and, when combined, can enhance classification accuracy. Cutting-edge approaches are based on deep learning architectures. Recent research, however, indicates that hand-crafted features complement each other and can help boost classification accuracy when combined. We introduce the key trajectories approach that is based on the popular, hand-crafted method, improved dense trajectories. Our work explores how pose estimation can be used to find meaningful key points to reduce computational time, undesired noise, and to guarantee a stable frame processing rate. Furthermore, we tested how feature-tracking behaves with dense inverse search and with a frame to frame subject key point estimation. Our proposal was tested on the KTH and UCF11 datasets employing Bag-of-words and on the UCF50 and HMDB datasets using Fisher Vector, where we got an accuracy performance of 95.71, 84.88, 92.9, and 81.3%, respectively. Also, our proposal can recognize subject actions in video eight times faster compared to its dense counterpart. To maximize the bag-of-words classification performance, we illustrate how the hyperparameters affect both accuracy and computation time. Precisely, we present an exploration of the vocabulary size, the SVM hyperparameter, the descriptor’s distinctiveness, and the subject body key points.
Abortion occurs during double fertilization and ovule development in Paeonia ludlowii
Authors: Chen Tingqiao , Xie Mengyu , Jiang Yumeng , Yuan Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPaeonia ludlowii (Stern & Taylor) D.Y.Hong, an endangered species, is indigenous to Tibet, China and propagated only by seed under natural conditions. Its natural reproduction is constrained by low fecundity. Excess seed abortion is a key factor restricting its natural reproduction, cultivation, introduction, and protection. Understanding the specific origin and occurrence of aborted ovules is important for the protection of offspring. Using serial sectioning analysis, we studied the process of pollination and fertilization of P. ludlowii and examined the characteristics of aborted ovules, developmental differences after flowering of normal and aborted ovules, and their ratios at different positions in P. ludlowii ovaries. During pollination, fertilization, and seed development, ovule abortion was frequent, with a random abortion position. There were three types of abortion, namely, abnormal pistil, sterile ovules, and embryo and endosperm abortions. Of these, embryo and endosperm abortions could be divided into early abortion and middle abortion. The early aborted ovules stopped growing on day 12, the endoblast and endosperm in the embryo sac aborted gradually. Furthermore, the shape of the embryo sac cavity changed. The volume of aborted ovules was significantly different from that of fertile ovules. At ripening, the external morphology of different types of aborted seeds was significantly different. The possible reasons for the abortion of the ovules are also discussed.
Potential of Soft-Shell Rugby Headgear to Mitigate Linear and Rotational Peak Accelerations
Authors: Stitt Danyon , Kabaliuk Natalia , Alexander Keith , Draper Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRugby union is a popular sport played across the world. The physical contact inherent in the game means that players are at increased risk of concussive injury. In 2019, World Rugby created a new category of permitted headgear under Law 4 as a medical device. This established a pathway for headgear designed to reduce peak accelerations to be worn in matches. Investigations of the potential of soft-shelled protective headgear to reduce head impact accelerations have been mostly limited to the analysis of linear kinematics. However rotational head impact accelerations have long been implicated as far more injurious. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the linear and rotational acceleration reduction brought about by soft-shelled rugby headgear. A Hybrid III headform and neck were dropped onto a modular elastomer programmer impact surface, impacting at four different velocities (1.7–3.4 m/s) in five different impact orientations. Impact surface angles were 0°, 30°, and 45°. Peak linear and rotational accelerations, PLA and PRA respectively, were recorded. All headgear significantly reduced PLAs and PRAs when compared to a no headgear scenario. The new generation, headgear reduced all measures significantly more than the older generation of headgear. Impact locations offset from the center of mass of the headform resulted in the highest PRAs measured. As the impact surface angle increased, both PLAs and PRAs decreased. The study demonstrated that headgear tested lowered PLAs by up to 50%, and PRAs by up to 60% compared to the bare headform. Our data suggest that new generation headgear could make a difference on the field in reducing injurious impact accelerations in a collision.
Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy
Authors: Rubel Franz , Brugger Katharina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA first compilation of georeferenced tick locations in Austria and South Tyrol, Italy, is presented here. This allows the tick fauna to be examined in the various climatic regions of the European Alps. The dataset comprises 424 tick locations of Austria and 48 tick locations of South Tyrol, which were digitized from literature and visualized in the form of geographical maps. The tick fauna of Austria includes two species of Argasidae in the genera Argas and Carios and 15 species of Ixodidae in the genera Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes, altogether 17 tick species. In addition, two species of Ixodidae in the genera Hyalomma (each spring imported by migratory birds) and Rhipicephalus (occasionally imported by dogs returning from abroad with their owners) are included in the tick atlas. Of these, the georeferenced locations of 18 tick species are depicted in maps. The occurrence of the one remaining tick species, Ixodes inopinatus, is given at the level of the federal states. The first Austrian distribution map of the long-legged bat tick Ixodes vespertilionis, which was reported from 21 caves, deserves special mention. The most common and widespread tick species is Ixodes ricinus, with records in all nine federal states of Austria, followed by Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes hexagonus, and I. vespertilionis in six federal states each. Haemaphysalis concinna and Dermacentor reticulatus are only endemic in the eastern plains, while Dermacentor marginatus only occurs in the west, in the Tyrolean Alpine valleys. Eight tick species were reported from South Tyrol, Italy. There, the most frequently flagged tick from the vegetation is also I. ricinus, while D. marginatus and Haemaphysalis punctata are often collected from sheep. The locations are shown together with those from North and East Tyrol on a separate Tyrol map. The tick atlas in Austria and South Tyrol as well as the underlying digital dataset in the supplement contribute to the closing of data gaps in global distribution maps of ticks and improve the data basis for new species distribution models.
Eradication of rabbits from islets is essential for conservation of microinsular vegetation and narrow endangered flora: the case of Medicago citrina (Fabaceae) in s’Espartar islet (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean Basin)
Authors: Rita Juan , Capó Miquel , Cursach Joana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe introduction of exotic herbivores to islands is one of the most harmful challenges to the conservation of insular biodiversity, causing the extinction or geographical reduction of many plant species worldwide and motivating conservation actions from environmental managers. Here, we evaluated the recovery of plant communities, specifically the endangered Medicago citrina, on a small islet close to Ibiza (Western Mediterranean Basin) after the complete eradication of introduced rabbits (fully eradicated in 2016). To evaluate the variation of plant richness and coverage, five permanent plots were installed in 2015 to record over five years. Additionally, an exhaustive census geolocating all M. citrina individuals was carried out in 2019. Total vegetation cover, plant richness and Shannon’s diversity index significantly increased throughout the study period. We counted 2,322 M. citrina individuals over 15 cm tall and a large number of seedlings. Therefore, this population not only successfully recovered, but also established the largest population in the entire geographic distribution of this species. The demographic structure is dominated by young individuals and a few large individuals, and the distribution across the island is heterogeneous since the largest spots of individuals were located in ravines where air currents probably provided seeds from plants located in inaccessible cliffs. However, the appearance of the invasive insect Icerya purchasi now threats the population of M. citrina as it feeds on the tissues of adult plants and compromises its development and survival. This study proves the eradication of herbivores is the most efficient way to conserve vulnerable species.