bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Uneasy Coexistence of Expertise and Politics in the World Health Organization
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz , Melillo Margherita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The World Health Organization (who) has attracted an unprecedented level of criticism over its handling of the response to the covid-19 pandemic. To enhance its legitimacy and better prepare for a future pandemic, various proposals to reform the who and the International Health Regulations have been made. Against this background, this article seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussions by investigating the nature of who’s work and its activities. Starting from the premise that much of the criticism stems from the uneasy coexistence of politics and expertise in who’s work, this article analyses some of the most controversial aspects of who’s initial response to the covid-19 pandemic: (i) the alleged leniency towards China; (ii) the delay in declaring a public health emergency of international concern (pheic); and (iii) the delay in recommending the use of face masks for the general population. The article shows that politics infiltrates who activities in different ways, influencing even the processes that are conventionally seen as purely technical and science-based. At the same time, it argues that the influence of politics in who’s work should not be seen as some kind of atrophy, but should rather be considered a natural element that should be managed rather than dreaded.
The Sciant artifices in the Work of Albert the Great: Towards Two Kinds of Transmutation?
Authors: Rinotas Athanasios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A few decades ago, William Newman drew attention to the significance of the medieval alchemical debate over the possibility of transmuting metals, which was closely connected to the Avicennan phrase known as Sciant artifices. Newman pointed to Albert the Great (ca. 1200–1280) as one of the participants in this debate. While Newman has covered Albert’s engagement with this Avicennan dictum only partially, this paper aims to enrich our knowledge of this episode by examining a range of further sources concerning Albert’s approach to the Sciant artifices dictum, and thereby to provide a better insight into the role it played in the work of the Dominican master.
The Imperative of Engendering an Egalitarian Legal Framework for the Protection of Female Employees’ Rights in Nigeria
Authors: Eyongndi David Tarh-Akong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article through doctrinal approach, examines both international and domestic legal frameworks (International Labour Organization Equal Remuneration Convention 1951, Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention 1958, Maternity Protection Convention 1952, Beijing Declaration, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, 1988, Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Right of Women in Africa, Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women, 1999 Constitution, Employee Compensation Act, etc that protect female employees rights in Nigeria. It discusses “right” and general employees’ rights in Nigeria howbeit tangentially. It discusses Nigeria’s female employees’ rights and evaluates the laws on general employees’ rights and found that, the vulnerability and peculiarities of female employees, precipitated by their multiple roles in not well recognized and protected under Nigerian labour law when compared with international instrument. It makes vital recommendations on way forward.
Security Privatisation and Working Conditions in Tanzania: Why Security Companies Employ Elders
Authors: Mpambije Chakupewa Joseph , Poncian Japhace 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The unprecedented globalisation process has necessitated socio-economic and political reforms to keep pace with the changing conditions. One major reform undertaken in Tanzania and across many other countries has been the privatisation of security service provision. Consequently, several profit-oriented security companies have sprung up. Studies have focused on the private security industry regulation and working conditions. This paper examines why security companies employ elders and how they use them to suppress demands for improved working conditions and remuneration. Drawing on interviews and focus group discussions, the paper shows that poor working conditions in the private security sector presents several challenges such as labour conflicts and labour turnover. Poor working conditions also results in security guards engaging themselves in criminal acts. In response to these challenges, companies employ elders and use them to easily suppress complaints from young ones over working conditions and remuneration.
Politically Biased Time Perception and Perspective
Authors: Ouellet Claudie , Tétreault Émie , Grondin Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine if the estimation of time could be used to reveal an implicit political bias. The study also aimed at determining if a political bias is related to a specific temporal perspective or to other personality factors. The main demonstration is based on a bisection temporal task where the participants were asked to say if the duration of the presentation of a politician’s photo is short or long. There were three independent variables of interest: the location of politicians on the left (liberal) or right (conservative) on the political axis, the emotions expressed on a politician’s photo (joy, anger or neutral), and the political allegiances of the participants. Overall, compared to conditions with neutral faces or faces expressing joy, participants overestimated the duration of faces expressing anger. This effect, however, depends on the political allegiance of the participants. Compared to the neutral face condition, liberal participants overestimated the length of presentation of politicians’ faces in the joy and anger conditions. The results also showed that, compared to the condition in which photos of conservative politicians are presented, conservative participants underestimated the presentation duration of liberal politicians’ photos; such an influence of the orientation of presented politicians was not observed with liberal participants. The results also reveal that conservative participants differed from liberal participants on the future-oriented scale and on the past-positive-oriented scale of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). The study shows that time perception can be used to reveal a kind of implicit political bias.
(World) Literature as Ars Vivendi through Collaborative Authorship
Authors: Aliyev Javid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, 46 Portuguese authors collaborated on a serialized hypertext novel:Bode Inspiratório, translated into English asEscape Goat. It draws attention to escapism in literature and calls to the mind a 21st-century retelling of theDecameron, which belongs to the rich sets of texts emanating fromThe Thousand and One Nightswe define in literature asars moriendi. By transferring the act of collective storytelling to a digital platform,Escape Goattransgresses the monologism of authorial isolation by bringing together the heteroglossic structure of the novel with the polyphony of collaborative authorship. This study holds upEscape Goatas a proto example of collaborative Covid-novels and aims to demonstrate how this “novel” form of collaborative authorship extends the boundaries of world literature through a transformation of the escapist, mortuary and agonistic aspect of literature asars moriendi, into the collaborative, ludic and solidarist aspect of literature asars vivendi.
Making the Waste Count: A Contribution to the Political Economy of Youth
Authors: Pais Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article contributes to the debate on the political economy of youth by exploring elements of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Marxian theory in the context of youth participation. It will be argued that the mechanisms deployed to support youth participation are part of a university discourse that functions as to guarantee that youth is not wasted but is instead assimilated into the functioning of capitalist political economy. Elements from a large European project will be used to illustrate the modus operandi of this discourse, together with an exploration of Lacan’s notion of jouissance as an important construct to understand the motivations behind young people’s participation in formal settings. The article finishes with a set of remarks about our own role as researchers in the way we enjoy the same economic system that we so often criticise.
Sidereal Astrology in Medieval Europe (Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries): Traces of a Forgotten Tradition
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sets of astronomical tables available in Latin Europe during the Middle Ages can be classified based on whether they imitated Ptolemy in using a tropical zodiac for displaying planetary mean motions or followed an Indian tradition of preferring a sidereal reference frame. While this basic bifurcation in medieval computational astronomy is well known to modern scholars, there has so far been no systematic research concerning its consequences for the practice of astrology in this period. This article makes a first step by documenting cases from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries where Latin astrologers employed the sidereal zodiac for their calculations or expressly recommended its use for astrological purposes. Basing itself on printed sources as well as unpublished manuscript material, it provides evidence that a commitment to sidereal coordinates united several important figures during the early phases of the assimilation of Islamic mathematical astronomy in Latin Europe, but largely disappeared after 1250. As will be argued in the conclusion, this move away from sidereal astrology may possibly be linked to the thirteenth-century emergence of Paris as a major European center for the study of astrology.
Revising World Cinema through Tamil Cinema
Authors: Kunapulli Amrutha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article situates Tamil cinema as world cinema, and interrogates current definitions of the field and category of world cinema from the perspective of twenty-first century Tamil cinema. In a discipline that has historically privileged national cinemas, the field of world cinema better facilitates the study of a sub-national film industry like Tamil cinema that has been overshadowed by the Hindi film industry in India. However, the current conceptions of world cinema as a category are not entirely suitable to the study of Tamil cinema. By studying examples from twenty-first century Tamil cinema, I propose a revised definition of world cinema, and the associated process of ‘worlding,’ that would expand and revise the parameters of world cinema, and film studies writ large.
Trade Relations between the Ðại Việt Kingdom and the Song Empire in the Long Twelfth Century
Authors: Anderson James A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article conducts a preliminary examination of the “Long Twelfth Century” to gain a better understanding of the dynamic nature of the network and mechanism whereby trade overland and by sea was conducted in this important contact zone between China and Vietnam. Court-based tribute relations served as a focal point around which traditional Sino-Vietnamese political, economic, and cultural exchange revolved. With the shift from sea routes to overland connections in this period, it was trade issues, not tributary protocol, that would drive official Sino-Vietnamese exchanges in the early period of asserting and securing Vietnamese independence. Indeed, it was trade that stimulated relations throughout the period of the Song dynasty’s decline.
censusADHD Study: An Australian-wide medication-based recruitment study for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lind Penelope A , Medland Sarah E 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affects over 5% of children and is characterised by a persistent pattern of problems with focussing or maintaining attention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The censusADHD Study is a richly phenotyped nationwide cohort of Australian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The overarching aims of the study are to examine attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication utilisation patterns and treatment response, the impact of children’s attention and behavioural problems on caregivers, and costs related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: Families of potential attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder cases aged between 6 and 11 years were identified using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescription records for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications held by Services Australia and sent a study information letter. Data were collected from 1574 primary caregivers via online survey in 2015, including the behavioural profile of the child, the child’s medication use and experiences with side effects and the impact of the child’s behaviour on the caregiver. Approximately 81% of caregivers also consented to record linkage of the child’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Medicare Benefits Schedule claims to directly assess prescription dispensing history and health service usage to estimate costs to the family and Medicare health system. Results: Boys were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder earlier ( p = 0.021), more likely to present as the combined and predominantly hyperactive subtypes ( p = 0.001) and at higher risk of experiencing a school suspension ( p < 0.001) or expulsion ( p = 0.043). Overall, children presenting as the combined subtype had higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities ( p < 0.001). Finally, prescription costs for each family and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme significantly increased in the year following attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Research examining the psychosocial and financial impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on Australian children and their families is needed. Our findings demonstrate the importance of examining both gender and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype presentation in future studies.
African immigrant students’ participation in Canadian health-promoting schools
Authors: Nyika Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

Background: Students are key stakeholders in schools, and their participation in the work of health-promoting schools (HPS) is crucial. This study focused on African immigrant students to Canada, who face the unique challenge of navigating unfamiliar school systems. The purpose of the study was to understand how immigrant students imagined, felt and thought about themselves in relation to education and health-related programmes from their perspective as Nova Scotia school stakeholders. Methods: The investigation was informed by critical race theory and social constructivism and involved three research methods: photovoice, individual interviews and focus groups. Study participants were 15 secondary school students of colour, aged between 12 and 21 years, who had migrated to Nova Scotia from Africa and the Caribbean region within the last 10 years. Findings: Three overarching themes were developed from the study relating to: the pedagogy of the HPS, Black consciousness and school health culture. Conclusion: Research participants perceived their participation in HPS as racially and pedagogically challenging, to a variable extent. Study findings highlight the significance to HPS programming of authentically representing Blackness, familiarity or love, and Afro-Caribbean cultural food.
Comparative evaluation of three nanofilled resin-based dental composites: Cytotoxicity, surface roughness, and flexural properties
Authors: Jafarnia Shiva , Valanezhad Alireza , Odatsu Tetsurou , Nesabi Mahdis , Safaee Sirus , Abe Shigeaki , Khodaei Mohammad , Shahabi Sima , Watanabe Ikuya 
Published: April 2022

The clinical performance of dental composite restoration and its overall success are the result of physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the filling materials. The present study aimed to evaluate surface roughness, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity of two nanohybrids, namely, MI Gracefil and Herculite Ultra, and one nanoceramic dental resin composite DiamondLite. The surface roughness was assessed in two different grinding conditions. Flexural properties were measured by, the three-point bending test and the specimens’ fractured surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Weibull analysis was performed on the flexural strength data to determine the composites’ reliability. The cytotoxicity test was conducted on MC3T3-E1 cells by the MTS assay. The results showed that grinding conditions had a significant effect on all nanocomposites' surface roughness ( p < .05). Herculite Ultra had a significantly higher flexural strength (125.8 MPa) and flexural modulus (9.8 GPa) as compared to other two nanocomposites ( p < .05). Further, cytotoxicity results indicated that DiamondLite had the lowest cell viability during the incubation period ( p < .05). The current study, therefore, concluded that the evaluated nanocomposites showed satisfactory surface roughness. Herculite Ultra flexural properties and Weibull modulus results make it a reliable choice for direct restorations. The cell viability results also showed that all three nanocomposites had moderate cytotoxicity, making them acceptable for direct application in the mouth.
Radiation synthesis of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone\chitosan\itaconic acid\ZnO) nanocomposite hydrogel for antimicrobial activity and controlled release of amoxicillin
Authors: Abou El Fadl Faten I. , Abdel Ghaffar Ashraf M. , El-Sawy Naeem M. 
Published: April 2022

High swellable and biocompatible hydrogel composed of optimized composition of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), chitosan (CS), and itaconic acid (ITA) was prepared by the aid of gamma radiation. Certain optimized composition of the terpolymer hydrogel was used as a precursor for the preparation of its ZnO nanocomposite. The terpolymer hydrogel was characterized by various techniques FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM to evaluate the physical, chemical properties and morphology of the prepared hydrogels. FTIR proved the high interaction between the components of the terpolymer crosslinked hydrogel. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles in the nanoscale with average particle size of 12.3 nm in the terpolymer matrix which is higher than the particle size of as prepared bare ZnO NPs. The gelability, crosslinking density, and high swellability of the prepared terpolymer hydrogel make it promising and suitable for application as wound dressing materials. In this respect, the NVP/ITA/CS terpolymer hydrogel first examined for controlled release of amoxicillin and second, the antibacterial test showed that neither Staphylococcus aureus nor Escherichia coli passed through the terpolymer nanocomposite hydrogel dressing; NVP/ITA/CS/ZnO nanocomposite hydrogel dressing could be considered a good blockade against bacteria. All results indicate that the nanocomposite hydrogel has great potential for biomedical applications, especially for wound dressings.
Determinants and Consequences of Cause–Brand Association: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Rohit Deepa , Panda Rajesh , Chakraborty Shibashish 
Published: April 2022

A cause–brand association (CBA) is a marketing strategy of embedding a social cause in the promotion of a brand. The purpose of this article is to develop a comprehensive model of the determinants and consequences of CBA and to statistically validate the same in the Indian context. The review of the extant literature put forward eight constructs and the conjectured paths. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 799 respondents from Mumbai (a metropolitan city in India) through a survey. The conjectured model was statistically tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. The results of the study put forward three determinants of attitude towards CBA: (a) Pre-existing attitude towards the brand, (b) Cause affinity and (c) Cause–Brand fit. Further, it was found that CBA has positive effects on post-CBA attitude towards brand and post-CBA attitude towards the cause, which in turn influence purchase intentions and behavioural intentions towards social cause, respectively. Furthermore, the model demonstrated a positive effect of behavioural intentions on purchase intentions. The article provides useful insights into the important dimensions of CBA that can be utilized to design effective promotion campaigns. This also proposes a model integrating both consequences and determinants of CBA.
Clinical use and complications of percutaneous cystostomy pigtail catheters in 25 cats
Authors: Nurra Genziana , Howes Charlotte , Chanoit Guillaume , Meakin Lee , Parsons Kevin , Friend Ed 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aims of this study were to describe the indications for percutaneous pigtail catheter placement in cats requiring urine diversion, and to report the associated intra- and postoperative complications. Methods The medical records of cats that underwent percutaneous pigtail catheter placement for urine diversion between January 2011 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Twenty-five cats were included. Indications for pigtail catheter placement were medical management of obstructive urinary tract disease (n = 12), urinary tract damage after traumatic injury (n = 8) and neurological bladder dysfunction (n = 5). Catheters were in place for a median time of 8.28 days (range 3–27), and the duration of the catheter placement was not different between the medical, traumatic and neurological groups. Ten cats (40%) developed pigtail catheter complications including dislodgement, urine leakage, urinary tract infection and bladder rupture. The majority of complications were easily resolved and did not require surgical intervention. Conclusions and relevance The results suggest that percutaneous pigtail catheter placement can facilitate urine diversion in both the emergency setting and in the long-term management of urine retention without many complications.
Unusual case of double anterior segment with two lenses and double cataract in a 6-month child
Authors: Ohara de Oliveira Junior Elder , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Nakanami Celia Regina , Nakayama Simone Akiko , Sallum Juliana Maria Ferraz , Allemann Norma , Brant Fernandes Rodrigo Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Anterior segment duplicity with two lenses is a rare event which pathogenesis is still unknown. Different ocular and systemic abnormalities might be associated with such event. Case observations Hereby we describe a case of a 6-months female child referred to our service due to signs of ocular malformation in the left eye. The ocular exam showed a double anterior segment with twin lenses in one single eye, associated with double lamellar opacity and persistence of the two hyaloid arteries. The patient underwent surgical treatment with lensectomy and vitrectomy aiming visual stimulation and prevention of definitive visual loss secondary to amblyopia. Conclusion In any case of ocular malformation, efforts to provide adequate visual stimulus are necessary to avoid amblyopia. In our case, the opacified lenses were removed, the patient adapted contact lenses and will be followed-up for visual stimulation at the ophthalmic pediatric division aiming the best visual prognosis possible.