bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisensory integration facilitates perceptual restoration of an interrupted call in a species of frog
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Yang Yue , Zhou Ya , Deng Ke , Wang Tongliang , Wang Jichao , Tang Yezhong , Ryan Michael J , Cui Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Communication signals by both human and non-human animals are often interrupted in nature. One advantage of multimodal cues is to maintain the salience of interrupted signals. We studied a frog that naturally can have silent gaps within its call. Using video/audio-playbacks, we presented females with interrupted mating calls with or without a simultaneous dynamic (i.e., inflating and deflating) vocal sac and tested whether multisensory cues (noise and/or dynamic vocal sac) inserted into the gap can compensate an interrupted call. We found that neither inserting white noise into the silent gap of an interrupted call nor displaying the dynamic vocal sac in that same gap restored the attraction of the call equivalent to that of a complete call. Simultaneously presenting a dynamic vocal sac along with noise in the gap, however, compensated the interrupted call, making it as attractive as a complete call. Our results demonstrate that the dynamic visual sac compensates for noise interference. Such novel multisensory integration suggests that multimodal cues can provide insurance against imperfect sender coding in a noisy environment, and the communication benefits to the receiver from multisensory integration may be an important selective force favoring multimodal signal evolution.
STNN-DDI: a Substructure-aware Tensor Neural Network to predict Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhao ShiYu , Shi JianYu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Computational prediction of multiple-type drug–drug interaction (DDI) helps reduce unexpected side effects in poly-drug treatments. Although existing computational approaches achieve inspiring results, they ignore to study which local structures of drugs cause DDIs, and their interpretability is still weak. In this paper, by supposing that the interactions between two given drugs are caused by their local chemical structures (substructures) and their DDI types are determined by the linkages between different substructure sets, we design a novel Substructure-aware Tensor Neural Network model for DDI prediction (STNN-DDI). The proposed model learns a 3-D tensor of $\langle $ substructure, substructure, interaction type $\rangle $ triplets, which characterizes a substructure–substructure interaction (SSI) space. According to a list of predefined substructures with specific chemical meanings, the mapping of drugs into this SSI space enables STNN-DDI to perform the multiple-type DDI prediction in both transductive and inductive scenarios in a unified form with an explicable manner. The comparison with deep learning-based state-of-the-art baselines demonstrates the superiority of STNN-DDI with the significant improvement of AUC, AUPR, Accuracy and Precision. More importantly, case studies illustrate its interpretability by both revealing an important substructure pair across drugs regarding a DDI type of interest and uncovering interaction type-specific substructure pairs in a given DDI. In summary, STNN-DDI provides an effective approach to predicting DDIs as well as explaining the interaction mechanisms among drugs. Source code is freely available at https://github.com/zsy-9/STNN-DDI.
Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines: Perceptions and Attitudes From the Food and Drug Administration Public Commentary
Authors: Weitzman Elissa R , Sherman Amy C , Levy Ofer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Authorization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines for children has ushered in a new phase of the immunization campaign to address the pandemic but has been received with mixed responses from parents, children, and opinion leaders. Herein we consider perceptions and attitudes towards pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccines from a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) public commentary reflecting more than 63 000 comments.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Versus Vaccination in Pregnancy: Implications for Maternal and Infant Immunity
Authors: Conti Maria Giulia , Terreri Sara , Terrin Gianluca , Natale Fabio , Pietrasanta Carlo , Salvatori Guglielmo , Brunelli Roberto , Midulla Fabio , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Carsetti Rita , Angelidou Asimenia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, yet uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy and lactation has been slow. As a result, millions of pregnant and lactating women and their infants remain susceptible to the virus.

Methods
We measured spike-specific immunoglobulin G (anti-S IgG) and immunoglobulin A (anti-S IgA) in serum and breastmilk (BM) samples from 3 prospective mother-infant cohorts recruited in 2 academic medical centers. The primary aim was to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 immunization vs infection and their timing on systemic and mucosal immunity.

Results
The study included 28 mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in late pregnancy (INF), 11 uninfected mothers who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in the latter half of pregnancy (VAX-P), and 12 uninfected mothers who received 2 doses of BNT162b2 during lactation. VAX dyads had significantly higher serum anti-S IgG compared to INF dyads (P &lt; .0001), whereas INF mothers had higher BM:serum anti-S IgA ratios compared to VAX mothers (P = .0001). Median IgG placental transfer ratios were significantly higher in VAX-P compared to INF mothers (P &lt; .0001). There was a significant positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum anti-S IgG after vaccination (r = 0.68, P = .013), but not infection.

Conclusions
BNT161b2 vaccination in late pregnancy or lactation enhances systemic immunity through serum anti-S immunoglobulin, while SARS-CoV-2 infection induces mucosal over systemic immunity more efficiently through BM immunoglobulin production. Next-generation vaccines boosting mucosal immunity could provide additional protection to the mother-infant dyad. Future studies should focus on identifying the optimal timing of primary and/or booster maternal vaccination for maximal benefit.
Kynurenine pathway metabolites predict subclinical atherosclerotic disease and new cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Benitez Trista , VanDerWoude Elizabeth , Han Yun , Byun Jaeman , Konje Vetalise Cheofor , Gillespie Brenda W , Saran Rajiv , Mathew Anna V 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Disordered catabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine and indole pathways is linked to CVD in both CKD and dialysis patients. However, the association between specific kynurenine and indole metabolites with subclinical CVD and time to new cardiovascular (CV) events in CKD has not been studied.

Methods
We measured kynurenine and indole pathway metabolites using targeted mass spectrometry in a cohort of 325 patients with moderate to severe CKD and a median follow-up of 2 years. Multiple linear regression and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between these tryptophan metabolites and subclinical CVD, including calcium scores, carotid intima-media thickness and time to new cardiovascular (CV) events.

Results
Elevated quinolinic and anthranilic acids were independently associated with reduced time to new CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, P = .01 and HR 1.02, P = .02, respectively). Low tryptophan levels were associated with reduced time to new CV events when adjusting for demographics and CVD history (HR 0.30, P = .03). Low tryptophan levels were also associated with aortic calcification in a fully adjusted linear regression model (β = −1983, P = .006). Similarly, high levels of several kynurenine pathway metabolites predicted increased coronary, aortic and composite calcification scores.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the association of kynurenine pathway metabolites, and not indole derivatives, with subclinical and new CV events in an advanced CKD cohort. Our findings support a possible role for altered tryptophan immune metabolism in the pathogenesis of CKD-associated atherosclerosis.
Decoding the radiomic and proteomic phenotype of epicardial adipose tissue associated with adverse left atrial remodelling and post-operative atrial fibrillation in aortic stenosis
Authors: Mancio Jennifer , Sousa-Nunes Fabio , Martins Rafael , Fragao-Marques Mariana , Conceicao Gloria , Pessoa-Amorim Guilherme , Barros Antonio S , Santa Catia , Ferreira Wilson , Carvalho Monica , Miranda Isabel M , Vitorino Rui , Falcao-Pires Ines , Manadas Bruno , Ribeiro Vasco Gama , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Bettencourt Nuno , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation on computed tomography (CT) have been associated with atrial fibrillation. Beyond these conventional CT measures, radiomics allows extraction of high-dimensional data and deep quantitative adipose tissue phenotyping, which may capture its underlying biology. We aimed to explore the EAT proteomic and CT-radiomic signatures associated with impaired left atrial (LA) remodelling and post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF).

Methods and results
We prospectively included 132 patients with severe aortic stenosis with no prior atrial fibrillation referred for aortic valve replacement. Pre-operative non-contrast CT images were obtained for extraction of EAT volume and other radiomic features describing EAT texture. The LA function was assessed by 2D-speckle-tracking echocardiography peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain. The EAT biopsies were performed during surgery for proteomic analysis by sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS). The POAF incidence was monitored from surgery until discharge. Impaired LA function and incident POAF were associated with EAT up-regulation of inflammatory and thrombotic proteins, and down-regulation of cardioprotective proteins with anti-inflammatory and anti-lipotoxic properties. The EAT volume was independently associated with LA enlargement, impaired function, and POAF risk. On CT images, EAT texture of patients with POAF was heterogeneous and exhibited higher maximum grey-level values than sinus rhythm patients, which correlated with up-regulation of inflammatory and down-regulation of lipid droplet-formation EAT proteins. The CT radiomics of EAT provided an area under the curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.92) for discrimination between patients with POAF and sinus rhythm.

Conclusion
Pre-operative CT-radiomic profile of EAT detected adverse EAT proteomics and identified patients at risk of developing POAF.
Inequality, Law and Distribution in Transnational Financial Markets
Authors: Horst Johan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the legal infrastructure of transnational financial markets has attracted much attention in international legal scholarship. Yet, few legal researchers have looked at these markets from a specifically distributional perspective. Drawing on insights from political economy and transnational legal theory, this article addresses the question of how to politicize the distributional choices inherent in the legal infrastructure of transnational financial markets.
0–5 Hz deterministic 3-D ground motion simulations for the 2014 La Habra, California, Earthquake
Authors: Hu Zhifeng , Olsen Kim B , Day Steven M 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYWe have simulated 0–5 Hz deterministic wave propagation for a suite of 17 models of the 2014 Mw 5.1 La Habra, CA, earthquake with the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Velocity Model Version S4.26-M01 using a finite-fault source. Strong motion data at 259 sites within a 148 km × 140 km area are used to validate our simulations. Our simulations quantify the effects of statistical distributions of small-scale crustal heterogeneities (SSHs), frequency-dependent attenuation Q(f), surface topography and near-surface low-velocity material (via a 1-D approximation) on the resulting ground motion synthetics. The shear wave quality factor QS(f) is parametrized as QS, 0 and QS, 0fγ for frequencies less than and higher than 1 Hz, respectively. We find the most favourable fit to data for models using ratios of QS, 0 to shear wave velocity VS of 0.075–1.0 and γ values less than 0.6, with the best-fitting amplitude drop-off for the higher frequencies obtained for γ values of 0.2–0.4. Models including topography and a realistic near-surface weathering layer tend to increase peak velocities at mountain peaks and ridges, with a corresponding decrease behind the peaks and ridges in the direction of wave propagation. We find a clear negative correlation between the effects on peak ground velocity amplification and duration lengthening, suggesting that topography redistributes seismic energy from the large-amplitude first arrivals to the adjacent coda waves. A weathering layer with realistic near-surface low velocities is found to enhance the amplification at mountain peaks and ridges, and may partly explain the underprediction of the effects of topography on ground motions found in models. Our models including topography tend to improve the fit to data, as compared to models with a flat free surface, while our distributions of SSHs with constraints from borehole data fail to significantly improve the fit. Accuracy of the velocity model, particularly the near-surface low velocities, as well as the source description, controls the resolution with which the anelastic attenuation can be determined. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible to use fully deterministic physics-based simulations to estimate ground motions for seismic hazard analysis up to 5 Hz. Here, the effects of, and trade-offs with, near-surface low-velocity material, topography, SSHs and Q(f) become increasingly important as frequencies increase towards 5 Hz, and should be included in the calculations. Future improvement in community velocity models, wider access to computational resources, more efficient numerical codes and guidance from this study are bound to further constrain the ground motion models, leading to more accurate seismic hazard analysis.
Polygenic embryo screening: four clinical considerations warrant further attention
Authors: Pereira S , Carmi S , Altarescu G , Austin J , Barlevy D , Hershlag A , Juengst E , Kostick-Quenet K , Kovanci E , Lathi R B , Mukherjee M , Van den Veyver I , Zuk O , Lázaro-Muñoz G , Lencz T 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTRecent advances in developing polygenic scores have made it possible to screen embryos for common, complex conditions and traits. Polygenic embryo screening (PES) is currently offered commercially, and though there has been much recent media and academic coverage, reproductive specialists’ points of view have not yet been prominent in these discussions. We convened a roundtable of multidisciplinary experts, including reproductive specialists to discuss PES and its implications. In this Opinion, we describe four clinically relevant issues associated with the use of PES that have not yet been discussed in the literature and warrant consideration.
Gut Microbiome as a Mediator of Stress Resilience: A Reactive Scope Model Framework
Authors: Houtz Jennifer L , Taff Conor C , Vitousek Maren N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stress resilience is defined as the ability to rebound to a homeostatic state after exposure to a perturbation. Organisms modulate various physiological mediators to respond to unpredictable changes in their environment. The gut microbiome is a key example of a physiological mediator that coordinates a myriad of host functions including counteracting stressors. Here, we highlight the gut microbiome as a mediator of host stress resilience in the framework of the reactive scope model. The reactive scope model integrates physiological mediators with unpredictable environmental changes to predict how animals respond to stressors. We provide examples of how the gut microbiome responds to stressors within the four ranges of the reactive scope model (i.e., predictive homeostasis, reactive homeostasis, homeostatic overload, and homeostatic failure). We identify measurable metrics of the gut microbiome that could be used to infer the degree to which the host is experiencing chronic stress, including microbial diversity, flexibility, and gene richness. The goal of this perspective piece is to highlight the underutilized potential of measuring the gut microbiome as a mediator of stress resilience in wild animal hosts.
Optimal controls for nonlocal Cauchy problems of multi-term fractional evolution equations
Authors: Chen Siqi , Chang Yong-Kui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is mainly concerned with a controlled multi-term fractional evolution equation in Banach spaces. Firstly, we give formula of its mild solutions and show the existence result for the problem via $\omega $-sectorial operator technique. Secondly, we establish the Lagrange optimal control and time optimal control for the system invoked by the nonlocal Cauchy problems of multi-term fractional evolution equation by properties of resolvent operators.
Fit-Tested N95 Masks Combined With Portable High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filtration Can Protect Against High Aerosolized Viral Loads Over Prolonged Periods at Close Range
Authors: Landry Shane A , Subedi Dinesh , Barr Jeremy J , MacDonald Martin I , Dix Samantha , Kutey Donna M , Mansfield Darren , Hamilton Garun S , Edwards Bradley A , Joosten Simon A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk from aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the protection provided by masks (surgical, fit-testFAILED N95, fit-testPASSED N95) and personal protective equipment (PPE), and (2) determine if a portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can enhance the benefit of PPE.MethodsVirus aerosol exposure experiments using bacteriophage PhiX174 were performed. An HCW wearing PPE (mask, gloves, gown, face shield) was exposed to nebulized viruses (108 copies/mL) for 40 minutes in a sealed clinical room. Virus exposure was quantified via skin swabs applied to the face, nostrils, forearms, neck, and forehead. Experiments were repeated with a HEPA filter (13.4 volume-filtrations/hour).ResultsSignificant virus counts were detected on the face while the participants were wearing either surgical or N95 masks. Only the fit-testPASSED N95 resulted in lower virus counts compared to control (P = .007). Nasal swabs demonstrated high virus exposure, which was not mitigated by the surgical/fit-testFAILED N95 masks, although there was a trend for the fit-testPASSED N95 mask to reduce virus counts (P = .058). HEPA filtration reduced virus to near-zero levels when combined with fit-testPASSED N95 mask, gloves, gown, and face shield.ConclusionsN95 masks that have passed a quantitative fit-test combined with HEPA filtration protects against high virus aerosol loads at close range and for prolonged periods of time.
Why we prescribe antibiotics for too long in the hospital setting: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Janssen Robin M E , Oerlemans Anke J M , Van Der Hoeven Johannes G , Ten Oever Jaap , Schouten Jeroen A , Hulscher Marlies E J L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
In daily hospital practice, antibiotic therapy is commonly prescribed for longer than recommended in guidelines. Understanding the key drivers of prescribing behaviour is crucial to generate meaningful interventions to bridge this evidence-to-practice gap.

Objectives
To identify behavioural determinants that might prevent or enable improvements in duration of antibiotic therapy in daily practice.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science for relevant studies that were published between January 2000 and August 2021. All qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies in adults in a hospital setting that reported determinants of antibiotic therapy duration were included.

Results
Twenty-two papers were included in this review. A first set of studies provided 82 behavioural determinants that shape how health professionals make decisions about duration; most of these were related to individual health professionals’ knowledge, skills and cognitions, and to professionals’ interactions. A second set of studies provided 17 determinants that point to differences in duration regarding various pathogens, diseases, or patient, professional or hospital department characteristics, but do not explain why or how these differences occur.

Conclusions
Limited literature is available describing a wide range of determinants that influence duration of antibiotic therapy in daily practice. This review provides a stepping stone for the development of stewardship interventions to optimize antibiotic therapy duration, but more research is warranted. Stewardship teams must develop complex improvement interventions to address the wide variety of behavioural determinants, adapted to the specific pathogen, disease, patient, professional and/or hospital department involved.
Application of Chemometry and Design of Experiments to Green HPTLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDCs of Cilnidipine
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Tailor Pratik , Shahi Abhinandan , Acharya Aneri , Shah Shailesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Numerous fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of cilnidipine (CIL) with chlorthalidone (CLT) and azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) are used for the treatment of hypertension. Numerous reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods have been reported in the literature for the estimation of FDCs of CIL. But no HPTLC method has been reported yet for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL to save time, organic solvent, and cost of analysis. In the recent scenario of green chemistry, the minimum usage of organic solvent in the development of the chromatographic method is highly desirable for the safety of the environment and analysts.

Objective
Hence, a robust and green HPTLC method has been developed for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL using the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach.

Methods
The chemometric tool was applied for the identification of the critical method variables (CMVs) and critical analytical attributes (CAAs) for the HPTLC method development. The design of experiments (DoE) was applied for the response surface analysis of identified CMVs and CAAs using the Box-Behnken design. The analytical design space and control strategy was framed for the lifecycle management of the HPTLC method.

Results
The chromatographic separation was performed using silica gel G60 F254 as the stationary phase and toluene–ethyl acetate–methanol (6.5 + 2 + 1.5, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. The developed method was applied for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL, and results were found in compliance with labeled claims.

Conclusions
The developed HPTLC method can be used as a green, economical, and rapid analytical tool for routine analysis and quality control of multiple FDCs of CIL in the pharmaceutical industry.

Highlights
Development of a HPTLC method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of CIL using the AQbD approach based on principles of chemometry and DoE. Application of the developed method for synchronous assay of multiple FDCs of CIL to save time, cost, and solvent for analysis.