bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visuospatial Deficits Are Associated with Pisa Syndrome and not Camptocormia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Montanaro Elisa , Erro Roberto , Margraf Nils , Geroin Christian , Pilotto Andrea , Magistrelli Luca , Spagnolo Francesca , Marchet Alberto , Sarro Lidia , Cuoco Sofia , Sacchetti Marta , Riello Marianna , Capellero Barbara , Berchialla Paola , Moeller Bettina , Vullriede Beeke , Zibetti Maurizio , Rini Augusto Maria , Barone Paolo , Comi Cristoforo , Padovani Alessandro , Tinazzi Michele , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPisa syndrome (PS) and camptocormia (CC) are postural abnormalities frequently associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Their pathophysiology remains unclear, but the role of cognitive deficits has been postulated.ObjectivesTo identify differences in the neuropsychological functioning of patients with PD with PS or CC compared with matched patients with PD without postural abnormalities.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study including 57 patients with PD with PS (PS+) or CC (CC+) and 57 PD controls without postural abnormalities matched for sex, age, PD duration, phenotype, and stage. Patients were divided into four groups: PS+ (n = 32), PS+ controls (PS−, n = 32), CC+ (n = 25), and CC+ controls (CC−, n = 25). We compared PS+ versus PS− and CC+ versus CC− using a neuropsychological battery assessing memory, attention, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, and language. Subjective visual vertical (SVV) perception was assessed by the Bucket test as a sign of vestibular function; the misperception of trunk position, defined as a mismatch between the objective versus subjective evaluation of the trunk bending angle >5°, was evaluated in PS+ and CC+.ResultsPS+ showed significantly worse visuospatial performances (P = 0.025) and SVV perception (P = 0.038) than their controls, whereas CC+ did not show significant differences compared with their control group. Reduced awareness of postural abnormality was observed in >60% of patients with PS or CC.ConclusionsLow visuospatial performances and vestibular tone imbalance are significantly associated with PS but not with CC. These findings suggest different pathophysiology for the two main postural abnormalities associated with PD and can foster adequate therapeutic and prevention strategies.
Optimal maintenance service outsourcing strategy considering extended warranty service
Authors: Cao Kaiying , Su Yunyi , Han Guoxin , Wang Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, extended warranty (EW) services are widely provided by brand firms. Given that third‐party maintenance service providers have more maintenance cost advantages than brand firms, brand firms face the challenge of whether to enter the maintenance service market. To address the above challenge and issue, we develop theoretical models. The research shows that the cost coefficient of developing maintenance service plays a critical role in the optimal maintenance service operation strategy. And the base market sizes of the EW and the charged maintenance service have significant influences on the results. Moreover, we propose conditions for a win–win outcome.
Progressive Spinal Cord Degeneration in Friedreich's Ataxia: Results from ENIGMA‐Ataxia
Authors: Rezende Thiago J.R. , Adanyeguh Isaac M. , Arrigoni Filippo , Bender Benjamin , Cendes Fernando , Corben Louise A. , Deistung Andreas , Delatycki Martin , Dogan Imis , Egan Gary F. , Göricke Sophia L. , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Henry Pierre‐Gilles , Hutter Diane , Jahanshad Neda , Joers James M. , Lenglet Christophe , Lindig Tobias , Martinez Alberto R.M. , Martinuzzi Andrea , Paparella Gabriella , Peruzzo Denis , Reetz Kathrin , Romanzetti Sandro , Schöls Ludger , Schulz Jörg B. , Synofzik Matthis , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Timmann Dagmar , Harding Ian H. , França Marcondes C. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinal cord damage is a hallmark of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), but its progression and clinical correlates remain unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to perform a characterization of cervical spinal cord structural damage in a large multisite FRDA cohort.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of cervical spinal cord (C1–C4) cross‐sectional area (CSA) and eccentricity using magnetic resonance imaging data from eight sites within the ENIGMA‐Ataxia initiative, including 256 individuals with FRDA and 223 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Correlations and subgroup analyses within the FRDA cohort were undertaken based on disease duration, ataxia severity, and onset age.ResultsIndividuals with FRDA, relative to control subjects, had significantly reduced CSA at all examined levels, with large effect sizes (d > 2.1) and significant correlations with disease severity (r < −0.4). Similarly, we found significantly increased eccentricity (d > 1.2), but without significant clinical correlations. Subgroup analyses showed that CSA and eccentricity are abnormal at all disease stages. However, although CSA appears to decrease progressively, eccentricity remains stable over time.ConclusionsPrevious research has shown that increased eccentricity reflects dorsal column (DC) damage, while decreased CSA reflects either DC or corticospinal tract (CST) damage, or both. Hence our data support the hypothesis that damage to the DC and damage to CST follow distinct courses in FRDA: developmental abnormalities likely define the DC, while CST alterations may be both developmental and degenerative. These results provide new insights about FRDA pathogenesis and indicate that CSA of the cervical spinal cord should be investigated further as a potential biomarker of disease progression. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Evaluation of family history in individuals with heterozygous BRCA pathogenic variants diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer in a single center in Italy
Authors: Negri Serena , De Ponti Elena , Sina Federica Paola , Sala Elena , Dell'Oro Cristina , Roversi Gaia , Lazzarin Sara , Delle Marchette Martina , Inzoli Alesssandra , Toso Claudia , Fumagalli Simona , Campanella Maria , Kotsopoulos Joanne , Fruscio Robert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are responsible for 5% of breast cancer (BC) and 10–15% of ovarian cancer (EOC). The presence of a germline mutation and therefore the identification of subjects at high risk of developing cancer should ideally precede the onset of the disease, so that appropriate surveillance and risk‐reducing treatments can be proposed. In this study, we revisited the family history (FH) of women who tested positive for BRCA mutations after being diagnosed with BC or EOC.MethodsThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), and the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) guidelines were applied to the FH of 157 women who were referred to San Gerardo Hospital for genetic counseling.ResultsAlmost 85% of women had an FH of BRCA‐related cancer. 63.7% and 52.2% of women could have undergone genetic testing according to NCCN and AIOM testing criteria (p < .05) before tumor diagnosis. An FH of EOC was the most frequent NCCN criterion, followed by BC diagnosed <45 years old. Sixty‐five percent of deceased women could have undergone genetic testing before developing cancer.ConclusionsFH is a powerful tool to identify high‐risk individuals eligible for genetic counseling and testing. Testing of healthy individuals should be considered when an appropriately affected family member is unavailable for testing.
Is peer regulation perceived as an effective mediator to strengthen the mission orientation of INGO leaders?
Authors: Hengevoss Alice , von Schnurbein Georg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInternational non‐governmental organizations (INGOs) operate in competitive funding markets and face political pressures, which can incentivize their leaders to compromise their mission‐oriented strategy for more resource security. This article empirically investigates whether INGO leaders perceive peer regulation as an effective governance mechanism that allows them to strengthen their mission‐oriented strategy to withstand these economic and political constraints. In particular, we assess whether peer regulation is perceived to promote organizational learning processes. We test a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) based on a unique data set from an international survey among 201 INGO leaders from 21 countries. Our findings suggest that INGO leaders indeed perceive that peer regulation strengthens their mission orientation, despite the economic competition and political opportunity constraints their organization faces. This effect is partially mediated by organizational learning processes. Our findings are based on a constructivist perspective that emphasizes the learneffect of peer regulation on INGOs' strategic orientation, and allows the derivation of several managerial recommendations to foster INGOs' strategic autonomy.
Toward efficient functionalization of polystyrene backbone through ketene chemistry: Synthesis, characterization, and DFT study
Authors: Heydari Abolfazl , Hosseini Maryam , Darroudi Mahdieh , Behzadi Masoumeh , Hronský Viktor , Sučik Gabriel , Rouh Hossein , Sheibani Hassan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, polystyrene was functionalized with Meldrum's acid toward the introduction of the ketenes (CCO) system to its backbone for producing a dramatically reactive intermediate. Meldrum's acid, as a ketene source, was reacted by poly(styrene‐co‐p‐chloromethyl styrene) through a simple nucleophilic reaction to synthesize poly(styrene‐co‐styryl Meldrum's acid). Then, the pendant Meldrum's acid under thermal treatment converted to ketene intermediate resulting in highly reactive polystyrenes derivatives, which rapidly reacted by nucleophilic reagents to afford ultimate organic building blocks. The polystyrene derivatives were characterized using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, high‐resolution solid‐state NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). To clarify the evolutionary mechanisms of polystyrene products, density functional theory (DFT) method B3LYP with the 6–311++G(2d,p) basis set was used. We studied the preparation of polystyrene model compounds through Meldrum's acid thermolysis and nucleophilic substitution. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in all reactions and the structural and electronic properties of all molecules were calculated. These data exhibited that based on Gibbs Free energy values, the structure of syndiotactic polystyrene is more stable than that of isotactic polystyrene. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of an electron donor or acceptor substituent on the polystyrene structure affects the electronic bandgap.
Imaging of pediatric renal tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper focused on Wilms tumor and nephrogenic rests
Authors: Artunduaga Maddy , Eklund Meryle , van der Beek Justine N. , Hammer Matthew , Littooij Annemieke S. , Sandberg Jesse K. , Schenk Jens‐Peter , Servaes Sabah , Singh Sudha , Smith Ethan A. , Srinavasan Abhay , Khanna Geetika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMalignant renal tumors account for approximately 6% of pediatric malignancies, with Wilms tumor (WT) representing approximately 90% of pediatric renal tumors. This paper provides consensus‐based imaging guidelines for the initial evaluation of a child with suspected WT and follow‐up during and after therapy co‐developed by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Diagnostic Imaging and Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) oncology committees. The guidelines for Wilms Tumor Imaging in the Society of International Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) are briefly discussed to highlight some of the differences in imaging approach.
The evolution of fertility preservation care models in a large pediatric cancer and blood disorders center
Authors: Ludemann James , Pruett Megan , Klosky James L. , Meacham Lillian , Cherven Brooke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents who receive gonadotoxic treatments are at risk for future infertility. While there is a growing focus on integrating fertility preservation (FP) within pediatric cancer and blood disorder centers, wide variations in care models and methods exist across institutions. The purpose of this work is to describe the evolution of FP care models within a large pediatric hematology/oncology center.MethodsModels of care and associated timeframes are described, including a pre‐FP program model, establishment of a formal FP program, integration of nurse navigators, and the addition of FP consult stratification based on urgency (urgent/nonurgent). The number of patient consults within each model, patient sex, diagnosis (oncologic/hematologic), and consult timing (pre‐gonadotoxic treatment/posttreatment completion) were abstracted from the clinical database.ResultsThe number of annual consults increased from 24 during the pre‐FP program model (2015) to 181 during the current care model (2020). Over time, the proportion of consults for females and patients with nonmalignant hematologic disorders increased. Patient stratification reduced the proportion of consults needing to be completed urgently from 75% at the advent of the FP program to 49% in the current model.ConclusionsThe evolution of care models within our FP program allowed for growth in the number of consults completed, expansion of services to more patients with nonmalignant hematologic disorders, and more consults for female patients. Nurse navigators play a critical role in care facilitating referrals, coordination, and patient education. Urgency stratification has allowed FP team members to manage increasing FP‐related encounters.
Viral infections in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with targeted therapies
Authors: Mayr Lisa , Steinmaurer Tobias , Weseslindtner Lukas , Madlener Sibylle , Strassl Robert , Gojo Johannes , Azizi Amedeo A. , Slavc Irene , Peyrl Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrain tumors are the most common solid malignancies and the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in children. While numerous studies report on viral infections in children with hematologic malignancies and solid organ transplantation, epidemiologic data on the incidence and outcome of viral infections in pediatric patients with brain tumors treated with targeted therapies are still lacking.Objectives/study designWe retrospectively reviewed all children with brain tumors receiving targeted therapies in a primary or recurrent setting at the Medical University of Vienna from 2006 to 2021. Demographic variables, quantitative and qualitative parameters of possible infections, and treatment outcomes were recorded.ResultsIn our cohort (n = 117), 36% of the patients developed at least one PCR‐proven viral infection. Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections were most common, with 31% and 25%, respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) infections occurred in approximately 10%, with an almost equal distribution of varicella‐zoster virus, John Cunningham virus (JCV), and enterovirus. Two patients tested PCR‐positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with one virus‐related death caused by a SARS‐CoV‐2‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients receiving bevacizumab or mTOR inhibitors seem to have a greater susceptibility to viral infections.ConclusionPediatric patients with brain tumors receiving targeted therapies have a higher risk of viral infections when compared to children receiving conventional chemotherapy or the general population, and life‐threatening infections can occur. Fast detection and upfront treatment are paramount to prevent life‐threatening infections in immunocompromised children suffering from brain tumors receiving targeted therapies.
Analysis of insertions and extensions in the functional evolution of the ribonucleotide reductase family
Authors: Burnim Audrey A. , Xu Da , Spence Matthew A. , Jackson Colin J. , Ando Nozomi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRibonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are used by all free‐living organisms and many viruses to catalyze an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of DNA precursors. RNRs are remarkably diverse by primary sequence and cofactor requirement, while sharing a conserved fold and radical‐based mechanism for nucleotide reduction. In this work, we expand on our recent phylogenetic inference of the entire RNR family and describe the evolutionarily relatedness of insertions and extensions around the structurally homologous catalytic barrel. Using evo‐velocity and sequence similarity network (SSN) analyses, we show that the N‐terminal regulatory motif known as the ATP‐cone domain was likely inherited from an ancestral RNR. By combining SSN analysis with AlphaFold2 predictions, we also show that the C‐terminal extensions of class II RNRs can contain folded domains that share homology with an Fe‐S cluster assembly protein. Finally, using sequence analysis and AlphaFold2, we show that the sequence motif of a catalytically essential insertion known as the finger loop is tightly coupled to the catalytic mechanism. Based on these results, we propose an evolutionary model for the diversification of the RNR family.
Theoretical study of the mechanism and kinetics of the atmospheric reaction of acrylic acid with NO3 radical
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Xiao Weikang , Tang Yizhen , Zhang Yunju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe nitrate radical is one of the most significant oxidants in troposphere at the nighttime. Furthermore, acrylic acid is reported to be one of 189 hazardous air pollutants. In order to investigate the atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of acrylic acid with nitrate radical, in this work, the atmospheric reaction mechanisms of acrylic acid by NO3 radical have been discussed by the CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d, p) dual‐level of theory at the first time. The energy barriers of NO3 and CH2CHCOOH reaction have also been calculated accurately. The additions between NO3 with CH2CHCOOH would produce the dominant intermediates CH2NO3CHCOOH and CH2CHNO3COOH via low barriers. All hydrogen abstraction channels have higher barriers than that of additions. Therefore, addition pathways play an important role in this reaction. The total and branching rate constants have been computed by conventional transition state theory via the Variflex code. These rate constants of NO3 and acrylic acid reaction would be useful to complete structure–activity relationships of reaction rate. The calculated atmospheric lifetime of acrylic acid by NO3 is about 3.66 days at night. All findings will help us gain a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry of acrylic acid.
Model‐free adaptive and iterative learning composite control for subway train under actuator faults
Authors: Wang Qian , Jin Shangtai , Hou Zhongsheng , Gao Guangzhuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, the model‐free adaptive and iterative learning composite control (CMFAC‐ILC) is proposed to ensure the speed and position tracking for the subway train system subjected to the iteration‐time‐varying actuator faults. First, a nonlinear subway train system is transformed into a faults‐related full‐form dynamic linearization data model (FFDLDM), which relies on the input, output, and faults data of the subway train system. The actuator faults and unknown nonlinear terms of the subway train system are estimated by the projection algorithm. Then, in the time domain, the model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) algorithm is utilized and unknown controller parameters are estimated by the RBFNN algorithm. In the iteration domain, a feedforward D‐type iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm is added to the outer loop of the MFAC algorithm. Finally, the theoretical analysis proves that the speed and position tracking errors of the subway train are bounded, the simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed composite control scheme of the subway train.
Deep Q‐learning: A robust control approach
Authors: Varga Balázs , Kulcsár Balázs , Chehreghani Morteza Haghir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work aims at constructing a bridge between robust control theory and reinforcement learning. Although, reinforcement learning has shown admirable results in complex control tasks, the agent's learning behavior is opaque. Meanwhile, system theory has several tools for analyzing and controlling dynamical systems. This article places deep Q‐learning is into a control‐oriented perspective to study its learning dynamics with well‐established techniques from robust control. An uncertain linear time‐invariant model is formulated by means of the neural tangent kernel to describe learning. This novel approach allows giving conditions for stability (convergence) of the learning and enables the analysis of the agent's behavior in frequency‐domain. The control‐oriented approach makes it possible to formulate robust controllers that inject dynamical rewards as control input in the loss function to achieve better convergence properties. Three output‐feedback controllers are synthesized: gain scheduling , dynamical , and fixed‐structure controllers. Compared to traditional deep Q‐learning techniques, which involve several heuristics, setting up the learning agent with a control‐oriented tuning methodology is more transparent and has well‐established literature. The proposed approach does not use a target network and randomized replay memory. The role of the target network is overtaken by the control input, which also exploits the temporal dependency of samples (opposed to a randomized memory buffer). Numerical simulations in different OpenAI Gym environments suggest that the controlled learning can converge faster and receive higher scores (depending on the environment) compared to the benchmark double deep Q‐learning.
Blocking Cholesterol Metabolism with Tumor‐Penetrable Nanovesicles to Improve Photodynamic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhao Zitong , Sun Xiangshi , Wang Jue , Yi Wenzhe , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT)‐mediated cancer immunotherapy is attenuated due to the dysfunction of T cells in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Cholesterol metabolism plays a vital role in T cell signaling and effector. While the metabolic fitness of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells is impaired by nutrition restriction in TME and accumulated metabolites by tumor cells. Here a matrix metalloproteinase‐2‐sensitive tumor‐penetrable nanovesicle is designed to regulate cholesterol metabolism pathway for enhancing photodynamic cancer immunotherapy. The nanovesicles accumulate in tumor and release internalizing RGD to promote deep penetration. Released avasimibe from the nanovesicles simultaneously blocks cholesterol metabolism in CD8+ T and tumor cells, thus reinvigorating the functions of T cells and suppressing the migration of tumor cells. Immune responses induced by PDT‐triggered immunogenic cell death are further improved with cholesterol metabolism blockage. Compared with PDT alone, the designed nanovesicles display enhanced tumor growth inhibition in B16‐F10 mouse tumor model. The approach provides an alternative strategy to improve photodynamic cancer immunotherapy by cholesterol metabolism intervention.