bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blunt force homicides in Denmark 1992–2016
Authors: Thomsen Asser H. , Leth Peter M. , Hougen Hans P. , Villesen Palle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBlunt force trauma is a common homicide method, inflicted in three different ways: bodily force, assault with blunt objects of various types and falls from height. The objective of this study is to provide thorough information on blunt force homicides with data on the victims, the offenders, the surrounding circumstances, the injury methods, the extent of injuries, and survival time, which will help inform the inexperienced as well as the seasoned forensic pathologist in their daily work with death investigation and as expert witnesses in court. We have analyzed autopsy reports and available case files of 311 blunt force homicides, making up 21.9% of all homicides in Denmark during 1992–2016. Most victims and offenders were male. Altercation in the setting of nightlife and intoxication was common in male victims, while most female victims were killed in a domestic setting. Bodily force was the most common primary homicide method, followed by assault with a blunt object and fall from height. The head was the region that most often had external injuries, with no noteworthy difference between cases with bodily force and blunt objects. Two out of three victims had one or more lacerations, most often located on the head and more often on the front. Brain injury was the primary cause of death in at least 72.0% victims. Compared to bodily force victims of blunt object assault were especially prone to skull and brain injuries, had a higher trauma score, and more died at the crime scene and had a shorter survival time.
Comparison of chemical characterization and oxidative stability of Lycium barbarum seed oils: A comprehensive study based on processing methods
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Xiaolong , Xu Yuanyuan , Wang Mengze , Wang Fengjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFive different processing methods (cold pressing, hot pressing, solvent extraction, ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction) were evaluated to extract oils from Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) seeds based on the lipid composition, minor bioactive components, and oxidative stability of oils. A large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was detected in the L. barbarum seed oil, especially linoleic acid (65.24–66.26%). Minor bioactive components were abundant in L. barbarum seed oils, including tocopherols (292.65–488.49 mg/kg), phytosterols (9606.31–166,684.77 mg/kg), polyphenols (35.65–113.87 mg/kg), and carotenoid (4.17–46.16 mg/100 g). Specifically, the phytosterol content was higher than that of other common oils. Comparing the different processing techniques, ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction provided the highest extraction yield and recovery. The quantities of tocopherols, phenols, and phytosterols in hot‐pressed oil were higher than those in oils extracted from other methods, and thus it had the best oxidative stability. L. barbarum seed oils extracted by different techniques showed various characteristics and could be distinguished through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.Practical ApplicationL. barbarum seed oil is a potentially underutilized oil resource with abundant essential fatty acid and phytosterol, which owns great value to apply in the nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal fields. Hot pressing is an efficient method to produce L. barbarum seed oil for health care with high nutritional value and good quality, which can also be easily implemented on an industrial scale.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient with small cell lung cancer and anti‐transcriptional intermediary factor 1‐γ antibody‐positive dermatomyositis: A case report
Authors: Kim Yoonjoo , Park Dongil , Choi Song‐Yi , Chung Chaeuk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutoimmune diseases (ADs) are closely related to cancers; 30% of dermatomyositis (DM) cases are associated with malignancy. In lung cancer patients accompanied by DM, the most frequent cancer type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Anti‐transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (anti‐TIF1γ) antibody is a promising marker for the assessment of cancer risk in DM patients. The recent use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for extensive‐stage SCLC has improved patient outcomes. However, clinical trials of ICI excluded most patients with ADs because of the increased risk of toxicity. Nevertheless, recent evidences suggest that ICI may be appropriate for AD patients. A 76‐year‐old man diagnosed with extensive‐stage SCLC and anti–TIF1γ Ab‐positive DM developed limb weakness and typical skin manifestations of DM. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography showed diffuse uptake in all muscles. The results of a nerve conduction study and electromyography were consistent with acute myopathy. Electron microscopy showed tubuloreticular inclusions in endothelial cells. He was treated with corticosteroids for DM and chemotherapy with atezolizumab for SCLC. Despite concerns regarding the use of ICI because of DM, atezolizumab was administered under close observation. After treatment, tumor size decreased and his symptoms improved significantly. We believe that the response of SCLC to chemotherapy including ICI, had a positive effect on the improvement of DM. Clinicians should consider ICIs for SCLC patients with DM and carefully monitor the patient's symptoms during treatment.
Greece: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: MYLONAS HARRIS 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe year 2021 marked the 200th anniversary of the onset of the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. On top of the ongoing economic recovery, the government continued to deal with the devastating impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A significant anti‐vax movement developed. In the summer, devastating wildfires ravaged Greece. The mounting critique about the handling of the fires together with the worsening situation of the pandemic pointed to a drastic Cabinet reshuffle. Such a reshuffle was attempted but ended up undermining the government's effort to start afresh. Regardless, the ruling party, New Democracy/Nea Dimokratia (ND), remained hegemonic according to the polls. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased at a faster rate than expected, but the trade deficit of the country also increased dramatically. Inflation was at the highest point in a decade at 5%. The #MeToo movement eventually reached Greece involving public figures. Finally, this was the year with a staggering number of femicides, 17 in total.
The effects of preoperative focused cardiac ultrasound in high‐risk patients: A randomised controlled trial (PREOPFOCUS)
Authors: Pallesen Jan , Bhavsar Rajesh , Fjølner Jesper , Bakke Skule Arnesen , Krog Jan , Andersen Mikkel Andreas Strømgaard , Bøndergaard Michael Helbo , Jessing Thomas Damgaard , Mortensen Lone , Nielsen Michael Bugge , Vang Marianne , Malachauskiené Laima , Juhl‐Olsen Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is the third most common cause of mortality worldwide. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) yields information on cardiac status and discloses the presence of unknown pathology. Preoperative FOCUS changes patient treatment, allowing for a patient‐tailored anaesthesia. We hypothesised that preoperative FOCUS would reduce the proportion of patients who were either admitted to hospital for more than 10 days or who were dead within 30 days after high‐risk, non‐cardiac surgery.MethodsThis was a randomised, controlled, multi‐center study. Patients ≥65 years of age, admitted for urgent orthopaedic‐ or abdominal surgery, scheduled for general‐ or neuraxial anaesthesia and with ASA 3/4 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to preoperative FOCUS or no preoperative FOCUS performed in accordance with a predefined protocol. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients admitted more than 10 days or who were dead within 30 days. Secondary endpoints included major complications, days of admission and changes in anaesthesia handling.ResultsDuring the second COVID‐19 wave the study monitoring committee terminated the study prematurely. We included 338 patients of which 327 were included in the final analysis. In the FOCUS group, 41/163 (25%) patients met the criteria for the primary endpoint versus 35/164 (21%) for the control group, adjusted odds ratio 1.37 (95% CI 0.86–2.30), p = .36. The proportions of patients who developed major complications did not differ significantly between groups. Length of hospital stay was 4 (3–8) days in the FOCUS group and 4 (3–7) days on the control group (adjusted p = .24).ConclusionThe routine availability of preoperative FOCUS assessment in this cohort does not appear to reduce the risk for hospitalisation exceeding 10 days or 30‐day mortality, although study enrolment was prematurely terminated.
Postoperative complications and myocardial injury in patients receiving air or oxygen. Prospective, randomised and pilot study
Authors: Valadkhani Arman , Henningsson Ragnar , Nordström Johan L. , Granström Anna , Hallqvist Linn , Wahlgren Carl Magnus , Peterzén Bengt , Eriksson Julia , Bell Max , Gupta Anil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSupplementary oxygen is administered during anaesthesia to increase oxygen delivery and prevent hypoxia. Recent studies have questioned this routine. In this pilot study, our main aim was to investigate if 21% oxygen compared to ≥50% reduces the risk of postoperative complications and myocardial injury.MethodsIn this pragmatic, multicentre, single‐blind study, patients undergoing vascular surgery were randomised to receive a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥ 0.50 and oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry (SpO2) ≥ 98% (group H) or FiO2 of 0.21 and SpO2 > 90% (group N) oxygen perioperatively. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of major pre‐defined postoperative complications assessed at 30 days. Myocardial injury was determined by serial troponin measurements. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation, Mann–Whitney U test or chi‐squared test, as appropriate.ResultsThe 191 patients were randomised, and per‐protocol principle was used for analyses. At 30‐day follow‐up, 43 out of 94 patients (46%) had a postoperative complication in group H and 36 out of 90 patients (40%) in group N, p = .46. New myocardial injury was seen in 27% versus 22% in Groups H and N respectively (p = .41). No differences in other outcomes were observed between the groups. Twelve patients (13%) in Group N had SpO2 < 90%, six recovered spontaneously and six required supplemental oxygen. At 1‐year follow‐up, one patient in group H had died.ConclusionIn this pilot study, postoperative complications were similar between the groups in patients randomised to FiO2 of 0.21 or ≥0.50 and no difference was found in the incidence of new myocardial injury. Larger, prospective adequately powered studies are needed.
Offshore and coastline migration of radio‐tagged Nathusius' pipistrelles
Authors: Bach Petra , Voigt Christian C. , Göttsche Matthias , Bach Lothar , Brust Vera , Hill Reinhold , Hüppop Ommo , Lagerveld Sander , Schmaljohann Heiko , Seebens‐Hoyer Antje 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe wind energy‐bat conflict is well documented for the onshore sector, with high numbers of casualties, specifically for migratory bat species. Offshore wind turbines might be a threat to bats as well, yet offshore bat migration is poorly documented. Accordingly, potential conflicts between bat conservation and offshore wind energy production are difficult to evaluate. Here, we used automated radio‐telemetry to track 50 km continuous offshore movements of two Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) within the Motus network. After crossing the marine waterbody, tagged bats traveled over several hundred kilometers along the coastline from Germany towards the Netherlands and Belgium. Our study highlights the possibility for migratory bats to collide with offshore and coastal wind turbines. Therefore, we plead for implementing pre‐ and post‐construction surveys and adequate mitigation schemes at offshore wind turbines in sensitive areas of the North and Baltic Sea if not already practised.
Adult children in complex families: How do relationships affect relationships?
Authors: Hornstra Maaike , Kalmijn Matthijs , Ivanova Katya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examined how adult (step)parent–child closeness is associated to the quality of other ties in the family network (i.e., parent–child dyads, parent–parent dyads).BackgroundAlthough stepfamily scholars often assume that there are associations between all dyads within a family unit, more research needs to examine this premise empirically.MethodWe used survey data on adult children and their relationships with mothers, fathers, stepfathers, and stepmothers (N = 1,022). Two methods—non‐recursive structural equation modeling (SEM), and cross‐lagged SEM—were applied to consider the bidirectionality between ties.ResultsThose who are close to their biological parent are often also close to the new partner/stepparent, which is interpreted as a household effect. Moreover, the tie between the divorced parents is strongly associated to father–child closeness but less to mother–child closeness. We also found that mother–stepmother closeness and stepmother–child closeness are correlated, as are father–stepfather closeness and stepfather–child closeness. Our findings suggested weak substitution between father–child and stepfather–child closeness (a small but significant negative association). Gender differences are visible, as ties between biological mothers and adult children seemed more independent of the family system than other parent–child ties.ConclusionsShifts in one (step)family dyad seem to create a spillover effect, also affecting other family dyads.ImplicationsFor family practitioners or counselors, it is more efficient to consider the embeddedness of parent–child closeness within the family system than to focus on one constituent member or dyad of the system.
Multi‐season climate projections forecast declines in migratory monarch butterflies
Authors: Zylstra Erin R. , Neupane Naresh , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change poses a unique threat to migratory species as it has the potential to alter environmental conditions at multiple points along a species' migratory route. The eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) has declined markedly over the last few decades, in part due to variation in breeding‐season climate. Here, we combined a retrospective, annual‐cycle model for the eastern monarch population with climate projections within the spring breeding grounds in eastern Texas and across the summer breeding grounds in the midwestern U.S. and southern Ontario, Canada to evaluate how monarchs are likely to respond to climate change over the next century. Our results reveal that projected changes in breeding‐season climate are likely to lead to decreases in monarch abundance, with high potential for overwintering population size to fall below the historical minimum three or more times in the next two decades. Climatic changes across the expansive summer breeding grounds will also cause shifts in the distribution of monarchs, with higher projected abundances in areas that become wetter but not appreciably hotter (e.g., northern Ohio) and declines in abundance where summer temperatures are projected to increase well above those observed in the recent past (e.g., northern Minnesota). Although climate uncertainties dominate long‐term population forecasts, our analyses suggest that we can improve precision of near‐term forecasts by collecting targeted data to better understand relationships between breeding‐season climate variables and local monarch abundance. Overall, our results highlight the importance of accounting for the impacts of climate changes throughout the full‐annual cycle of migratory species.
Probabilistic Contaminant Source Assessment—Getting the Most Out of Field Measurements
Authors: Hugman Rui , Lotti Francesca , Doherty John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology for undertaking probabilistic investigations into the locations at which contaminants have leaked into a groundwater system. The methodology is built with highly parameterized, stochastic history‐matching in mind. It is able to reduce uncertainties associated with estimates of subsurface hydraulic properties at the same time as it reduces uncertainties associated with inferences of contaminant sources. Particles are used to simulate contaminant movement. This reduces simulator execution time while increasing simulator stability. Borehole measurements of groundwater chemistry are endowed with a binary classification that indicates the presence, or otherwise, of a contaminant plume. This classification is transferred to passing particles as a detect or nondetect status awarded to their trajectories. Because this status is continuous with respect to model parameters, the latter can be adjusted in order to ensure that the same trajectory cannot possess both a detect status and a nondetect status. Particle trajectory statuses can be assigned to model cells from which they are released. By calculating cell statistics using a large number of history‐match‐constrained, stochastic parameter fields, probability maps can be drawn. We illustrate two of these. The first maps the probability that a contaminant sourced at a particular location will go undetected by the current observation network. The second maps the probability that a contaminant source cannot exist at a particular location. The method is extended to examine the worth of supplementing an existing observation network with new wells.
Gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatobiliary involvement by plasma cell neoplasms: clinicopathologic correlations in a retrospective cohort of 116 cases
Authors: Kelley Justin T , Fuller Lanisha D , Lai Keith K , Yantiss Rhonda K , Dzedzik Siarhei , Alapat Daisy , Mashayekhi Azin , Alpert Lindsay , Gonzalez Raul S , Owens Scott R , Arber Daniel A , Lamps Laura W 
Published: August 2022

AimsPlasma cell neoplasms (PCNs) may involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in two forms: plasmacytoma (PC), an isolated lesion that lacks marrow involvement, and extramedullary myeloma (EMM). However, previous literature on PCNs involving the GI tract, liver, and pancreas is limited. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features of the largest series of GI PCNs to date.Methods and ResultsSix institutional archives were searched for GI, liver, and pancreas cases involved with PCNs. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and imaging features. Histopathologic features evaluated included involved organ, tumor grade, and marrow involvement. Overall, 116 cases from 102 patients were identified. The tumors most presented as incidental findings (29%). The liver was most involved (47%), and masses/polyps (29%) or ulcers (21%) were the most common findings. Most cases had high‐grade morphology (55%). The majority (74%) of GI PCNs were classified as EMM due to the presence of marrow involvement at some point during the disease course, occurring within a year of marrow diagnosis in 46% of patients. PC was classified in 26% of patients due to the lack of marrow involvement. Most (70%) patients died from disease within 10 years (median 14.1) of diagnosis and more than half (58%) died within 6 months.ConclusionPC and EMM involving the GI tract, liver, and pancreas have a wide range of clinicopathologic presentations. Tumors may occur virtually anywhere in the GI tract or abdomen and may precede the diagnosis of marrow involvement. Both GI PC and EMM are associated with a poor prognosis.
Diagnosis consensus among endodontic specialists and general practitioners: An international survey and a proposed modification to the current diagnostic terminology
Authors: Azim Adham A. , Merdad Khalid , Peters Ove A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis survey aimed to determine the consensus amongst endodontic specialists in North America and practitioners worldwide to diagnose the pulp and periapical conditions of selected case scenarios encountered in daily practice using the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) pulpal and periapical diagnostic terms. Secondly, an attempt was made to suggest modifications in terms accordingly.MethodologyA survey designed by two endodontic educators was sent to endodontists in North America and clinicians worldwide through an electronic database. The survey included socio‐demographic questions followed by the clinical and radiographic presentations of four clinical scenarios. The participants were then requested to provide the pulpal and the periapical diagnosis of 11 teeth presented in these cases (22 answers in total/participant) using the AAE diagnostic terminology. Cases were designed to include 12 pulpal/periapical conditions as control (non‐controversial conditions) and ten so‐called controversial conditions. A proportion threshold of 10% was required for any diagnostic term to be reported in this survey. The participants were divided into two groups based on the region of endodontic training and/or practice to ‘Specialised North American’ or ‘International Practitioners,’ and their results were statistically compared using chi‐squared tests (p < .05).ResultsThe survey included 421 participants. 74% were endodontists, and 46.1% were amongst the ‘Specialised North American’ group and 53.9% amongst the ‘International Practitioners’. Eleven of 12 control conditions had an almost complete agreement amongst the participants regarding the diagnostic terms selected, ranging between 82% and 96%, with no other diagnostic term exceeding the 10% threshold. All the controversial conditions yielded more than one diagnostic term selected/condition that exceeded the 10% threshold for groups (‘Specialised North American’ and ‘International practitioners’). There were no differences in the diagnostic terms selected between the two groups; however, the weight for each term varied between the groups in some cases.ConclusionThere is a lack of consensus amongst clinicians, regardless of their training and region of practice, on the appropriate diagnostic terms to be used in particular clinical conditions. More diagnostic terms and modifications in the current terms may be required to establish a more reliable diagnostic terminology.
Direct ink writing of silicone/filler mixtures for sphene scaffolds with advanced topologies
Authors: Elsayed Hamada , Grigolato Luca , Savio Gianpaolo , Colombo Paolo , Bernardo Enrico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPastes based on preceramic polymers have a great potential for direct ink writing of bioceramic scaffolds. In this paper, we discuss the fabrication of phase pure sphene (CaTiSiO5) bioceramics, developed by firing, at 1300°C, of silicone‐based printed scaffolds containing CaCO3and TiO2as active fillers. As a proof of the flexibility of the combination of preceramic polymers and additive manufacturing technologies, several lattice geometries of increasing complexity were successfully explored. In particular, the approach allowed the fabrication of sphene scaffolds with gyroid‐like structure exhibiting an impressive compressive strength, given the high porosity. Moreover, different lattice topologies of sphene scaffolds were compared also in terms of permeability.