bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Outside the Skin”: The Persistence of Black–White Disparities in U.S. Early-Life Mortality
Authors: Tilstra Andrea M. , Gutin Iliya , Dollar Nathan T. , Rogers Richard G. , Hummer Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Research on Black–White disparities in mortality emphasizes the cumulative pathways through which racism gets “under the skin” to affect health. Yet this framing is less applicable in early life, when death is primarily attributable to external causes rather than cumulative, biological processes. We use mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death files and population counts from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program to analyze 705,801 deaths among Black and White males and females, ages 15–24. We estimate age-standardized death rates and single-decrement life tables to show how all-cause and cause-specific mortality changed from 1990 to 2016 by race and sex. Despite overall declines in early-life mortality, Black–White disparities remain unchanged across several causes—especially homicide, for which mortality is nearly 20 times as high among Black as among White males. Suicide and drug-related deaths are higher among White youth during this period, yet their impact on life expectancy at birth is less than half that of homicide among Black youth. Critically, early-life disparities are driven by preventable causes of death whose impact occurs “outside the skin,” reflecting racial differences in social exposures and experiences that prove harmful for both Black and White adolescents and young adults.
Distinct Failure Patterns in Hypopharyngeal Cancer Patients Receiving Surgery-Based Versus Radiation-Based Treatment
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Hsiao Jenn-Ren , Wu Yuan-Hua , Chang Jeffrey S. , Ou Chun-Yen , Lee Wei-Ting , Huang Cheng-Chih , Chang Chan-Chi , Lai Yu-Hsuan , Tsai Sen-Tien , Hsueh Wei-Ting , Yen Chia-Jui , Lin Chen-Lin , Chen Yu-Shan , Jiang Shih-Sheng , Su Yu-Chu , Wu Shang-Yin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To cure advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), primary operation followed by adjuvant (chemo-)radiotherapy (OP-CRT) or definitive chemoradiation (CCRT) are the two primary options. This study aimed to compare the failure patterns and long-term survival outcomes of HPSCC patients treated with these two strategies.

Patients and Methods
From 2007 to 2015, 198 pathologically confirmed HPSCC patients receiving either OP-CRT or CCRT were retrospectively reviewed. Failure patterns and survival outcomes stratified by the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and treatment modalities were compared.

Results
One hundred and eighty-nine patients (95.4%) were stage III/IV and 62 patients (31.3%) received OP-CRT. Median follow-up duration was 4.9 years. Compared with CCRT, OP-CRT provided better 3-year local relapse-free survival for T3 (93 vs 48%, p < 0.0001), T4a (88 vs 37%, p = 0.0005) and better 3-year regional relapse-free survival for N2b+2c (93 vs 60%, p < 0.0001). Of note, for stage IVA subjects, OP-CRT provided better 3-year loco-regional relapse-free survival (85 vs 37%, p < 0.0001), marginal poor 3-year distant metastasis-free survival (62 vs 79%, p = 0.06), but comparable 3-year OS (52 vs 44%, p = 0.37) and 5-year OS (44 vs 31%, p = 0.15) compared with CCRT.

Conclusions
For patients with advanced HPSCC, although OP-CRT and CCRT provided similar overall survival, failure patterns were distinct. OP-CRT provided better loco-regional control but was more likely to encounter distant metastases than CCRT. The detailed analysis of failure patterns will pave the way to improve this devastating disease.
Experiences of pregnancy for women living with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review
Authors: Janiszewski Helen , Radford Shellie , Coad Jane , Cooper Joanne , Moran Gordon , Greenaway Claire , Bailey Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

Background: While women living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a similar fertility rate to the general population, they are at increased risk of pregnancy complications, and they are considered to have high-risk pregnancies requiring multidisciplinary care. Aims: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the experiences of pregnancy among women with IBD. Methods: The search terms ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, antenatal care, pregnancy, experience, perception and perspectives (and combinations of these words using Boolean operators) were entered into the selected electronic databases. Findings: Of 1197 articles retrieved, 42 were full-text screened. Five articles were included, with data extraction by two independent reviewers. Five key themes were generated: timing of diagnosis; translation of healthcare practitioner knowledge of IBD and pregnancy into meaningful information; perceptions about IBD medication; impact of disease activity; and concerns about IBD and pregnancy. Conclusion: Insight into what shaped experiences of pregnancy was gained, with the small numbers of studies also highlighting the lack of research in this area. Further research in this area is recommended.
Value of low-keV virtual monoenergetic plus dual-energy computed tomographic imaging for detection of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wannasopha Yutthaphan , Leesmidt Kantheera , Srisuwan Tanop , Euathrongchit Juntima , Tantraworasin Apichat 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To compare diagnostic values between the 40 keV virtual monoenergetic plus (40 keV VMI+) dual source dual energy computed tomography (DSDECT) pulmonary angiography images and the standard mixed (90 and 150 kV) images for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
Chest DSDECTs of 64 patients who were suspected of having acute PE were retrospectively reviewed by two independent reviewers. The assessments of acute PE of all patients on a per-location basis were compared between the 40 keV VMI+ and the standard mixed datasets (reference standard) with a two-week interval.

Results
This study consisted of 64 patients (33 women and 31 men; mean age, 60.2 years; range 18–90 years), with a total of 512 locations. The interobserver agreement (Kappa) for detection of acute PE using the 40 keV VMI+ images and the standard mixed CT images were 0.7478 and 0.8750 respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristics (AuROC) for diagnosis of acute PE using the 40 keV VMI+ was 0.882. Four locations (0.78%) revealed a false negative result. Hypodense filling defects were identified in twelve locations (1.95%) in the 40 keV VMI+ images but had been interpreted as a negative study in the standard mixed CT images. The repeated reviews revealed that each location contained a hypodense filling defect but was overlooked on the standard mixed CT images.

Conclusions
Low-energy VMI + DSDECT images have beneficial in improving the diagnostic value of acute PE in doubtful or disregarded standard mixed images.
Effects of Injection Strategies on Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Syngas-Biogas-Hydrogen
Authors: Nguyen-Thi Thanh Xuan , Bui Thi Minh Tu 
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the effects of blend injection and dual injection strategies on mixture formation and combustion of syngas-biogas-hydrogen fueling engine working in the solar-biomass hybrid renewable energy system. The research was performed by simulation method on a retrofitted Honda GX200 spark-ignition engine. The results show that at the end of the compression process, in the case of blend injection of 50% syngas-50% biogas, the fuel-rich zone was positioned on the top of the combustion chamber, whereas in the case of dual injection, this zone was found on the top of the piston. In the case of 50% syngas-50% hydrogen supplied, at the end of the compression process, the fuel-rich area observed on the top of the piston with slightly deflected towards the inlet port in both cases of blend and dual injection. When shifting from blend injection mode to dual injection mode, in the case of 50% syngas-50% biogas fueling engine, the mean temperature of the exhaust gas decreased from 1208 K to 1161 K and the NOx concentration decreased from 1919 ppm to 1288 ppm. In the case of a 50% syngas-50% hydrogen fueling engine, the mean exhaust gas temperature decreases from 1283 K to 1187 K leading to a decrease in NOx concentration from 3268 ppm to 2231 ppm. The dual injection has the advantage of lower NOx emission, whereas the blend injection has the advantage of higher efficiency
Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
Authors: Ahmed Zubaida Rasheed , Uddin Zaheer , Shah Syed Wadood Ali , Zahoor Muhammad , Alotaibi Amal , Shoaib Mohammad , Ghias Mehreen , Bari Wasim Ul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, Chenopodium murale Linn. extracts have been evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and in vivo neuropharmacological properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in rat model. First, the plant was subjected to extraction and fractionation, then quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed to estimate the major phytochemical groups in the extract where high amounts of phenolics and saponins were detected in crude and chloroform extract. The highest total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and total tannin content were also recorded in crude extract and chloroform fraction. The in vitro antioxidant potential of chloroform fraction was high with IC50 value of 41.78 and 67.33 μg/mL against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively, followed by ethyl acetate fraction. The chloroform fraction (ChMu-Chf) also exhibited potent activity against glucosidase with IC50 of 89.72 ± 0.88 μg/mL followed by ethyl acetate extract (ChMu-Et; IC50 of 140.20 ± 0.98 μg/mL). ChMu-Chf again exhibited potent activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 of 68.91 ± 0.87 μg/mL followed by ChMu-Et with IC50 of 78.57 ± 0.95 μg/mL. In vivo memory impairment was assessed using the novel object discrimination task, Y-maze, and passive avoidance task. Ex vivo antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers like catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and glutathione were quantified, and the AChE activity was also determined in the rat brain. No significant differences were observed amongst all the groups treated with crude, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in comparison with positive control donepezil group in connection to initial latency; whereas, the STZ diabetic group displayed a significant fall in recall and retention capability. The blood glucose level was more potently lowered by chloroform extract. The crude extract also increased the SOD level significantly in the brain of the treated rat by 8.01 ± 0.51 and 8.19 ± 0.39 units/mg at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.01, n = 6), whereas the chloroform extract increased the SOD level to 9.41 ± 0.40 and 9.72 ± 0.51 units/mg, respectively, at 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight as compared to STZ group. The acetylcholine level was also elevated to greater extent by chloroform fraction that might contain a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Treatment with C. murale ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral study, and provided significant defense from neuronal oxidative stress in the brain of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus C. murale Linn. could be an inspiring plant resource that needs to be further investigated for isolation of potential compounds in pure form and their evaluation as a potent neuropharmacological drug.
Extracellular histones as damage-associated molecular patterns in neuroinflammatory responses
Authors: Richards Christy M. , McRae Seamus A. , Ranger Athena L. , Klegeris Andis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and the linker histone H1 primarily bind DNA and regulate gene expression within the nucleus. Evidence collected mainly from the peripheral tissues illustrates that histones can be released into the extracellular space by activated or damaged cells. In this article, we first summarize the innate immune-modulatory properties of extracellular histones and histone-containing complexes, such as nucleosomes, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), described in peripheral tissues. There, histones act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are a class of endogenous molecules that trigger immune responses by interacting directly with the cellular membranes and activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, 9 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). We then focus on the available evidence implicating extracellular histones as DAMPs of the central nervous system (CNS). It is becoming evident that histones are present in the brain parenchyma after crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or being released by several types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. However, studies on the DAMP-like effects of histones on CNS cells are limited. For example, TLR4 is the only known molecular target of CNS extracellular histones and their interactions with other PRRs expressed by brain cells have not been observed. Nevertheless, extracellular histones are implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders characterized by sterile neuroinflammation; therefore, detailed studies on the role these proteins and their complexes play in these pathologies could identify novel therapeutic targets.
The Structure of Wartime Strategic Communications: Case Study of the Telegram Channel Insider Ukraine
Authors: Karpchuk Nataliia , Yuskiv Bohdan , Pelekh Oksana 
Published: November 2022

This article focuses at the issue of strategic communications of Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian war, which began on February 24, 2022. The authors consider strategic communications as a system consisting of invariant and variable components that can be projected in media reports. The authors proceed from the fact that, on the one hand, the media are an instrument of strategic communications, and on the other, strategic communications are transformed, reflected in media reports. The study is aimed to reveal the structure of strategic communications, which is characteristic of the period of armed conflict. Reports of the Insider Ukraine Telegram channel during the first 100 days of the war were analyzed. On the basis of a reflexive thematic analysis, using a one-way dispersion analysis, it has been found out that the strategic communications of Ukraine during the war period consist of the following invariant components: interactive communications of Ukraine, operational communications of Ukraine, extraoperational communications of Ukraine, operational and extraoperational communications concerning the RF. These generalized components have their own sub-components, the intensity or total absence of which in media reports can be related to specific events of the war period. This study contributes to the understanding of the structure of strategic communications in general and during the war in particular.
Ginsenoside Rg1 modulates intestinal microbiota and supports re-generation of immune cells in dexamethasone-treated mice
Authors: Yousuf Sabiha , Liu He , Yingshu Zhang , Zahid Danish , Ghayas Hassan , Li Ming , Ding Yan , Li Wenzhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGinsenoside Rg1 is one of the major ginsenosides found in roots of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 is known to possess various biological activities including immunity enhancement activity. However, it is not clear whether the regulation of immune function by Rg1 is related to the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, the immuno-modulatory and gut microbiota-reshaping effects of ginsenoside Rg1 were evaluated. Ginsenoside Rg1 acts as an immune-enhancing agent to increase spleen index and the number of T, B and dendritic cells in dexamethasone (Dex)-treated mice. Ginsenoside Rg1 also increased the production of sIgA and regulated the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ. Meanwhile, Rg1 administration regulated the structure of intestinal microbiota. The relative abundance of mouse intestinal microbial groups, such as Alistipes, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Roseburia were increased by Rg1 administration, whereas a decrease in the potential pathogens like Helicobacteraceae, Dubosiella, Mycoplasma, Alloprevotella, Allobaculum was observed. Moreover, Rg1 metabolites of Lachnospiraceae bacterium enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Ginsenoside Rg1 improved the inflammatory condition of the colonic tissue and repaired the destructed mucosal barrier. This study suggested that Rg1 strengthens immunity with regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota in mice.
Mujeres frente al alisado: propuestas para enfrentar el criollismo e hispanismo.
Authors: Tatés Anangonó Pablo 
Published: November 2022

El pelo es epistemología, así como un elemento a partir del cual se suprime la identidad de las otredades. La presente investigación contrapone el discurso de la identidad criollo-hispanista, el mismo que ha ganado protagonismo en el gobierno de Guillermo Lasso; con el trabajo de un grupo de estilistas de Quito que buscan revitalizar la identidad, estética y belleza del pelo/cabello negro. Los esfuerzos de estas mujeres nos permiten pensar en que la estructura colonial y racista ha operado en sus cabellos a través de técnicas destructoras del pelo como el alisado. También se observa la falta de productos que sean amigables con el pelo/cabello negro, así como el desconocimiento de cómo cortar un pelo/cabello negro. Para estas mujeres, el mestizaje, que oferta el discurso criollo/hispanista, no es una alternativa viable, dado que no se ajusta a los requerimientos y a las condiciones propias y específicas del pelo/cabello negro. El pelo/cabello también les ha permitido desarrollar procesos de resistencia, técnicas alternativas al alisado y procesos de resistencia cultural e identitaria.
Análisis de género en el distrito centro de la ciudad de Málaga. Avanzando a una odonimia feminista.
Authors: Linares Rodríguez Lula 
Published: November 2022

En el artículo se aborda la igualdad de género en la toponimia urbana a través del análisis del callejero del distrito Centro de la ciudad de Málaga. El hecho de que cualquier mujer protagonice con su nombre la rotulación de una calle supone estar presente y ser reconocida por sus méritos y logros, formando parte de la memoria colectiva. El análisis se realiza mediante: gráficos de doble histograma para el número total de calles, gráficos de sectores circulares para mostrar los porcentajes, y gráficos de columnas apiladas para mostrar la categorización de los topónimos. Como resultado, esta investigación demuestra los actuales sesgos de género de la toponimia urbana y su prevalencia; es decir, la preeminencia de nombres masculinos frente a los femeninos en el distrito Centro. Esta investigación contribuye a visibilizar a las mujeres en el espacio público, en las calles y en definitiva en la ciudad que habitamos todos y todas, además de ayudar a construir una sociedad igualitaria apoyando la visibilidad de las mujeres.
fotografía de danza significante. Una nueva imágen en la cartelería del BNE.
Authors: González Martínez Marta , Ortiz Camacho María del Mar , Diaz Olaya Ana María 
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación se centra en el significado de la fotografía de danza para cartelería y publicidad del Ballet Nacional de España (BNE) realizada por el fotógrafo Manu Toro. Este proceso artístico aúna varias artes plásticas y escénicas en sí mismo y da información relevante tanto al público general como a los estudiantes, docentes y profesionales de la danza sobre el hecho escénico que representa.
En este estudio, las fotografías de Manu Toro representan un nuevo discurso visual donde el significado de la fotografía es un breve resumen del programa o coreografía que representa, desarrollando un manual de estilo reconocible como una nueva imagen identificativa. Para realizar este trabajo se expone una propuesta metodológica que pretende analizar la fotografía desde el punto de vista de la danza, complementando el análisis de los personajes-bailarines y su significado narrativo en la escena mediante instrumentos basados en imágenes propias de la Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes Visuales.
Diálogos entre arte y artesanía
Authors: Fuentes avendano Paula 
Published: November 2022

Este estudio describe e interpreta el diálogo entre una artista visual y artesana en crin oriunda de Rari,región del Maule, Chile, sobre el problema de definiciones, distancias entre arte y artesanía y su proyección en la educación. El arte y la artesanía son abordadas desde las propuestas de diversos autores, así como desde el diálogo e historias de vida de las participantes, para finalmente proponer una estrategia educativa integrada. No se han encontrado investigaciones en los que este debate se lleve a cabo a partir del diálogo de protagonistas de estas áreas, sino más bien, miradas externas del fenómeno. Esta propuesta se conforma sobre la construcción conjunta de relación de traspaso de información y reflexión, surgidas desde las maneras en que las protagonistas fueron formadas en la construcción de objetos culturales, ya sea comprendida como obra de arte o como objeto de una tradición. El diálogo se articula a partir de conversaciones entre la artesana confrontada con las respuestas de la artista visual (investigadora), en un enfoque paradigmático interpretativo con diseño inicial auto etnográfico. La co-construcción de dicha realidad reflexiva y la generación de propuestas educativas, se aborda desde una postura sociocrítica y se trabaja desde ciertas etapas de una investigación acción. Como resultado de estas reflexiones resulta interesante la confirmación de la necesidad de eliminar la cuestionable separación y categorización, que hasta el día de hoy concebimos, distancia socio cultural e histórica que se ha proyectado a la educación y, la que, por medio de este estudio, buscamos estrechar.
Palabras clave: arte, artesanía, artesanía en crin, diálogo, educación artística.
Arte, patrimonio y cultura de paz en la educación formal y no formal. Estudio de un caso
Authors: Fernández Inglés Soledad , Gutiérrez Pérez María Rosario 
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo presenta la investigación realizada sobre cómo se gesta y desarrolla un proyecto colaborativo entre un educador del Museo Jorge Rando de Málaga y una profesora de la asignatura Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual de 4º Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de un centro concertado, para tratar tres ámbitos del entorno formativo que, a nuestro parecer, están interconectados: el arte, el patrimonio cultural y la cultura de paz.
Desarrollada desde un marco metodológico etnográfico-cualitativo y a modo de estudio de caso, la investigación cuenta con un carácter inductivo y emergente que ha facilitado la implementación de modificaciones en el diseño inicial, en respuesta a las circunstancias derivadas del proceso de estudio. Este enfoque abierto nos ha permitido describir, por una parte, cuáles son las ideas que profesorado y educadores de museos manejan en torno a la educación artística y al patrimonio cultural y, por otra, cómo a través de ella dimensionan la cultura de paz.
Sus conclusiones ponen de manifiesto, entre otras cuestiones, las posibilidades formativas que ofrecen el museo, como espacio de comunicación cultural y ciudadana, y el centro de Educación Secundaria, como institución educativa, para abordar de forma colaborativa contenidos sobre arte, patrimonio cultural y cultura de paz, y también las dificultades que obstaculizan la construcción, gestión e implementación de proyectos artístico-pedagógicos coordinados entre ambas instituciones.