bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple micronutrient supplements versus iron‐folic acid supplements and maternal anemia outcomes: an iron dose analysis
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Agustina Rina , Black Robert E. , Christian Parul , Dewey Kathryn G. , Kraemer Klaus , Shankar Anuraj H. , Smith Emily R. , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew , Tumilowicz Alison , Bourassa Megan W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are more effective than iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Questions remain, however, about the ability of MMS to prevent anemia as effectively as IFA, especially at a lower dose of daily iron and in areas of high anemia prevalence. Analyzing data from 11 trials from a recent Cochrane review, we compared MMS to IFA, delivering either 30 or 60 mg of iron, in sustaining hemoglobin and preventing third trimester anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), accounting for daily iron dose, total supplemental iron intake, and baseline prevalence of anemia. There were no differences between MMS and IFA in third trimester hemoglobin concentration or risks of anemia or IDA by iron dose or total supplemental iron consumed. MMS providing 30 mg of iron was comparable to IFA with 60 mg of iron: mean hemoglobin difference of −0.26 g/L (95% CI: −1.41 to 0.89), risk ratios of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92–1.07) for anemia, and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.66–2.60) for IDA. Baseline prevalence of anemia did not explain heterogeneity in findings. Compared to IFA, MMS results in comparable hemoglobin concentration and protection against anemia during pregnancy, independently of iron dose.
A bias toward the unknown: individual and environmental factors influencing exploratory behavior
Authors: Petzke Tara M. , Schomaker Judith 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith limited resources, exploring new opportunities is crucial for survival. Exploring novel options, however, comes at the cost of uncertainty. Therefore, there is a trade‐off between exploiting options with a known beneficial outcome and exploring novel options with a potentially higher gain. Computational models have suggested that novelty may promote exploratory behavior by inducing a so‐called novelty bonus through reward‐related processes. So far, few studies have provided behavioral evidence for such a novelty bonus. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether spatial novelty can stimulate exploratory behavior (Experiment 1), and whether age, novelty‐seeking, and reduced action radius or social interactions due to COVID‐19 restrictions influenced the exploration–exploitation trade‐off (Experiment 2). In both experiments, we employed a novel paradigm in which participants made binary decisions between food items, while on rare trials, a surprise option was presented. Results from Experiment 1 are in line with a novelty bonus, with spatial novelty promoting exploratory behavior. In Experiment 2, we found that exploratory behavior declined with age, high novelty seekers made more exploratory choices than low novelty seekers, and participants with a smaller action radius made fewer exploratory choices. These findings are consistent with previous findings in animals and predictions from computational models.
Streptococcus mutans cell division protein FtsZ has higher GTPase and polymerization activities in acidic environment
Authors: Chen Yuxing , Li Yongliang , Yuan Chongyang , Liu Shujun , Xin Fengjiao , Deng Xuliang , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe acid tolerance of Streptococcus mutans plays an important role in its cariogenic process. Streptococcus mutans initiates a powerful transcriptional and physiological adaptation mechanism, eventually shielding the cellular machinery from acid damage and contributing to bacterial survival under acidic stress conditions. Although S. mutans contains complex regulatory systems, existing studies have shown that S. mutans, unlike Escherichia coli, cannot maintain a neutral intracellular environment. As the pH of the extracellular environment decreases, the intracellular pH decreases in parallel. There is insufficient knowledge regarding the acid resistance of the intracellular proteins of S. mutans, particularly when it comes to the key cytoskeletal division protein FtsZ. In this study, the data showed that S. mutans had similar cell division progress in acidic and neutral environments. The splitting position was in the middle of cells, and the cytoplasm was divided evenly in the acidic environment. Additionally, the tread milling velocity of S. mutans FtsZ in the middle of cells was not affected by the acidic environment. Streptococcus mutans FtsZ had higher GTPase activity in pH 6.0 buffer than in the neutral environment. Furthermore, the polymerization of S. mutans FtsZ in the acidic environment was more robust than that in the neutral environment. After two particular amino acids of S. mutans, FtsZ amino acids were mutated (E88K, L269K), the polymerization of S. mutans FtsZ in the acidic environment was significantly reduced. Overall, S. mutans FtsZ exhibited higher functional activity in pH 6.0 buffer in vitro. The acid resistance of S. mutans FtsZ is affected by its particular amino acids.
Altered expression of ferroptosis markers and iron metabolism reveals a potential role of ferroptosis in vitiligo
Authors: Wu Xiuyi , Jin Shanglin , Yang Yiwen , Lu Xiaoli , Dai Xiaoxi , Xu Zhongyi , Zhang Chengfeng , Xiang Leihong Flora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOxidative stress is one of the triggering factors for vitiligo, which leads to melanocyte (MC) destruction in vitiligo lesions. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron‐dependent increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, has been widely explored in numerous diseases, whereas whether ferroptosis plays a role in MC loss of vitiligo remains to be elucidated. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of ferroptosis markers in vitiligo patients. Immunonephelometry and electrochemiluminescence were performed to analyze iron status. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+, and lipid ROS were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of ferroptosis markers was significantly altered in the epidermis of vitiligo patients. Iron deficiency was revealed in the blood of patients. Erastin reduced cell viability and led to oxidative stress, iron overload as well as lipid peroxide accumulation in human epidermal MCs in vitro. Altered expression of ferroptosis markers and inhibition of melanin synthesis in MCs were induced by erastin, which was attenuated by N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) pretreatment or post‐treatment in vitro. In conclusion, ferroptosis might take place during the process of vitiligo. Erastin could induce ferroptosis in human epidermal MCs and NAC could protect MCs from ferroptosis in vitro.
Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human giant congenital melanocytic nevi cell line
Authors: Yu Qingxiong , Aimaier Rehanguli , Chung Man‐Hon , Cui Xiwei , Li Yuehua , Wang Zhichao , Li Qingfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTreatments for giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are extremely limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of relevant targeted therapies. However, current lack of preclinical cell models restricts progress in GCMN research. In this study, we aimed to establish and characterize an immortalized GCMN cell line. GCMN cells were successfully immortalized by means of lentivirus‐mediated simian virus 40 large T transfection. The immortalized GNC cell line (ImGNC) showed lower proliferation rate and higher melanin content than primary melanocytes. Expression levels of the differentiation gene MITF and stemness genes TWIST1, SNAI1, and FOXD3 were elevated in ImGNCs; however, the established ImGNC cell line was immortalized but not transformed. Sanger sequencing detected the heterozygous NRASQ61K mutation in ImGNCs, but not the BRAFV600E mutation. Despite carrying the NRASQ61K allele, ImGNCs demonstrated suppressed MAPK activation and elevated PI3K/Akt activation, as compared with primary melanocytes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ImGNCs are more sensitive to PI3K/Akt and Bcl‐2 inhibitors than to MEK or ERK inhibitors. Unlike the proliferation‐inhibiting effect of PI3K/Akt inhibitors, the Bcl‐2 inhibitor navitoclax promptly promoted apoptosis in ImGNCs. Considering the low proliferation characteristics of GCMN in vivo, Bcl‐2 may be a potential therapeutic target that warrants further research.
A case of non‐disseminated herpes zoster as the presenting sign of HIV in a 3‐year‐old
Authors: Xiao Teresa L. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerpes zoster is rare in healthy and immunocompetent children. While disseminated presentations of zoster are often concerning for underlying immunodeficiency, non‐disseminated zoster can also be a presenting illness in such patients. Here, we report a case of non‐disseminated herpes zoster in a presumably healthy immunized child that led to a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Age separation and voluntary turnover: Asymmetric effects for collective turnover rates and individual turnover intentions depending on age
Authors: De Meulenaere Kim , Allen David G. , Kunze Florian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aging population implies a wider age range within a workforce, increasing the risk of age diversity as separation (the clustering into age‐based subgroups), which is considered a turnover stimulator. We provide a new theoretical perspective to age diversity and turnover research, arguing that age separation may not only increase turnover through perceived age discrimination (i.e., a self‐categorization perspective), but can also reduce it through increased perceived belongingness (i.e., a social identity perspective). Following the idea of asymmetric diversity effects, we propose the workforce's average age as a crucial moderator. A longitudinal sample of 2,393 Belgian organizations (2012–2015) reveals that firm‐level age separation stimulates firm‐level collective voluntary turnover, but only in firms with an older average age (Study 1). Data from a representative sample of 4,764 employees from six European countries are consistent with the idea that perceived age separation stimulates aging workers’ turnover intention through increased perceived discrimination and reduced belongingness, and reduces younger workers’ turnover intention through increased belongingness (Study 2). These findings support that age diversity conceptualized as separation is not as unmistakably detrimental for turnover as previously assumed and affects younger and older employees and workforces differently. From a practical perspective, understanding the role of age in the age separation–turnover relationship may help organizations to prevent the loss of valuable knowledge through the departure of both older and younger employees.
Walking and foraging activity of Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at different temperatures
Authors: Ramirez‐Olier Johana P. , Sanches Jessica J. , Barbosa Júlia V. S. , Botero Liliana R. , Fourcassié Vincent , Zanuncio José Cola , Zanetti Ronald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcromyrmex subterraneus molestans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a leaf‐cutting ant species found in the Brazilian Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest and causes serious damages to cultivated plants. Knowledge about its foraging activity could help to improve the integrated pest management of this species and to better understand its ecology. The relationship between ambient temperature and the biomass collected by individuals of one Ac. subterraneus molestans colony was studied in the laboratory. The colony remained in an experimental room at 24°C and its foragers had access to an arena in an incubator set at six different temperatures (10, 16, 22, 28, 34 or 40°C). Fresh leaves of Hibiscus sp. were put in the arena and the flow of ants leaving and returning to the nest, the proportion of ants returning to the nest with a leaf fragment, as well as the dry mass of these fragments, were evaluated during 1 h for each temperature. The head width of foraging ants (laden and unladen) and their running speed were also measured. The rate of biomass collected was almost null at 10°C, increased from 16 to 34°C, and decreased abruptly at 40°C. The size of the workers did not vary across temperatures, and the running speed increased with increasing temperatures but more rapidly for unloaded ants than for loaded ones. The lower flow intensity at 28 and 40°C was somewhat compensated at the individual level by the selection of larger leaf fragments or by an increase in the probability to return loaded to the nest, respectively. The results obtained in this study could improve the management of these ants, allowing to target the most favourable meteorological conditions to apply toxic baits, increase the probability for the baits to be carried to the nest, in addition to reducing their availability to nontarget organisms. Furthermore, they could be used to make predictions on the effects of global warming on the foraging activity of this species.
Tools used in nursing education to assess attitudes about poverty: An integrative review
Authors: Neto Izabela Thaís de Magalhães , Silva Kênia Lara da , Guimarães Rayssa Assunção 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the assessment of attitudes about poverty used in nursing education considering the first Sustainable Development Goal targets. Tools assessing attitudes about poverty have been used in nursing education studies to examine the beliefs of nursing students.DesignAn integrative literature review was carried out in five international databases in the areas of health and nursing and in four Latin American and Caribbean databases.ResultsFour tools were identified, with Attitude Toward Poverty Short Form and Attitudes about Poverty and Poor People being the most used in the studies. Items from tools measured attitudes negative, prejudiced, and stigmatizing about the population living in poverty. In addition, items from tools measured a range of concepts from poverty to social inequality and disenfranchisement.ConclusionThe identification of poverty is a critical strategy for tackling poverty. In this sense, poverty assessment tools have the potential to recognize poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon.
Extracellular self‐DNA plays a role as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) delaying zoospore germination rate and inducing stress‐related responses in Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Ferrusquía‐Jiménez Noelia I. , Serrano‐Jamaica Luz M. , Martínez‐Camacho Joel E. , Sáenz de la O Diana , Villagomez‐Aranda Ana L. , González‐Chavira Mario M. , Guerrero‐Aguilar Brenda Z. , Torres‐Pacheco Irineo , Feregrino‐Pérez Ana A. , Medina‐Ramos Gabriela , Guevara‐González Ramón G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhytophthora capsici is a highly destructive pathogen of crops. Although chemical pesticides are the most widely used strategy to counter phytopathogens, they have been inefficient to combat P. capsici and have produced significant environmental and health problems. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to control soilborne pathogens, such as the inhibitory effect of self‐extracellular DNA (eDNA), have been proposed. This inhibition phenomenon has been attributed to the action of self‐eDNA as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Here, we describe the effect of self‐eDNA on P. capsici zoospore germination rate, antioxidant enzymes activity and MAPK gene expression. Also, the effect of P. capsici eDNA on the protection of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants against P. capsici was investigated. The results highlight that P. capsici can sense 2–500 µg/ml self‐eDNA and induce stress‐related responses like SAK1 gene expression, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, in vitro zoospore germination rate was suppressed with self‐eDNA concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 µg/ml. Interestingly, drench applications of P. capsici eDNA at 60 and 100 µg/ml on chilli pepper plants did not show any protective effect against the phytopathogen, whereas 2 µg/ml of P. capsici eDNA drench application showed a lower percentage of plants with symptoms and lower disease severity. Moreover, phenols and total flavonoids were increased in chilli pepper plants, therefore inducing plant immunity. This study showed that self‐eDNA acts as a DAMP in P. capsici and provides insight into the use of eDNA for the protection of crops of agronomic interest.
Symptomless infection by strawberry virus 1 (StrV‐1) leads to losses in strawberry yields
Authors: Valentova Lucie , Rejlova Martina , Franova Jana , Cmejla Radek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing has opened up possibilities of detecting new plant pathogens, especially viruses, with relative ease. However, information about biological characteristics and relevance to plant production is usually lacking. Recently, a new strawberry cytorhabdovirus named strawberry virus 1 (StrV‐1) was described and characterized at a molecular level. The virus can be transmitted by aphids and is commonly found in commercial plantations. Here, we studied the impact of a sole StrV‐1 infection on production in two strawberry cultivars—Darselect and Karmen. All plants infected with StrV‐1 remained symptomless during the experiment. In general, Darselect was more resilient to StrV‐1 infection, and the average yield per plant was nonsignificantly lowered by 11.7% over the 2‐year experiment. In contrast, StrV‐1 infection in cultivar Karmen led to a significant yield loss of 31.8%, indicating that the genetic background plays a role. While the average fruit weight and diameter were relatively unaffected, lower yields in infected plants stemmed from a significantly reduced number of inflorescences, by 23.6% and 29.6% in Darselect and Karmen, respectively, which resulted in a reduction in the average number of flowers per plant (decreased by 16.5% and 27.3%, respectively), and hence the number of fruits per plant (by 14.5% and 27.6%, respectively). The StrV‐1 load was higher in spring than in autumn, and generally higher in the second year after infection, which corresponded to higher losses in the second harvest, especially in cultivar Karmen.
The effect of seasonal work visas on native employment: Evidence from US farm work in the Great Recession
Authors: Clemens Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvidence on the labor‐market effect of immigration focuses on permanent migrants, though a large share of international labor mobility is temporary and seasonal. This paper estimates the marginal native employment effect of policy restrictions on foreign seasonal farm workers in the United States. It exploits two natural experiments: a legal requirement to give hiring preference to natives, and an exogenous change in natives' next‐best employment options during the Great Recession of 2007–2008. The local elasticity of natives' occupational labor supply is 0.0015, implying a minimal marginal effect of seasonal work visa restrictions on native employment.
Trends in gross body coordination and cardiorespiratory fitness—a hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of 35 000 2nd Graders
Authors: Koeppel Maximilian , Eckert Katharina , Huber Gerhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveA negative decline of motor competence in children has been observed over the last decades. Though most studies derive their inferences from only two distant points in time and thus neglect to investigate the variability of the temporal trends.MethodsBetween the year 2000 and 2011, 35 018 second graders performed the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK), consisting of four items (WB, HH, JS, and MS) and a six minute run test (6MRT). A hierarchical Bayesian regression model with varying intercepts and temporal trends was fitted to the data. Age, sex, and BMI categories were included as input variables. The outcome variables were z‐standardized to the initial cohort.ResultsIn all four KTK items, we observed a yearly decline of −0.020 (95% UI −0.038 to −0.001) for WB, −0.054 (95% UI −0.071, −0.037) for HH, −0.028 (95% UI −0.045 to −0.012) for JS and −0.088 (95% UI −0.108 to −0.067) for MS. For the 6MRT, no trend was identified. Overweight and obese children showed a disadvantage in all tests scores. Negative time interactions were observed for overweight and obese children in HH and JS. A substantial between‐city variation for all temporal trends was observed. The predictive validation for all models but MS was successful.ConclusionA general negative decline was confirmed for coordinative abilities but not in cardiorespiratory fitness. For all outcome variables, a substantial between‐city variation was observed, highlighting the importance of environmental factors in motor development. Overweight and obese children demonstrated an urgent need for action.
Magnesium slag for remediation of cadmium‐ and arsenic‐contaminated paddy soil: A field study
Authors: Zhang Yinjie , Tan Xiao , Duan Guilan , Cui Jun , Ren Meng , Cao Jinman , Xu Congbin , Yang Wenjie , Lin Aijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and metalloids like arsenic (As) in plants can do harm to human health through the food chain, especially through the rice (Oryza sativa L.). To solve this problem, this study researched the application of magnesium slag (MS) and polyaspartic acid (PASP), which could accelerate rice growth and improve yield, increase soil pH and activate rice enzyme activity as well as reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the soil. After these two different treatments, rice yield increased by 17.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the bioavailable As decreased by 49.1% and 42.5%, while the bioavailable Cd reduced by 72.6% and 44.3%. Besides, the Cd content in rice grains reduced by 77.7% and 17.3%, respectively, after two different treatments. In the MS treatment, the As content in rice grains was reduced by 21.8%, but showed no significant response to the other treatment. The contents of bioavailable Cd and As (determined by one‐step extraction) in soil were decreased by MS and PASP, which was favourable for the reduction of Cd and As accumulation in rice. The health risk assessment showed that the application of passivators can effectively reduce the risk of carcinogenesis, but it was still unacceptable. The application dose of MS and PASP still needs further exploration.
Introduction to the special issue “Tibetan tectonics and its effect on the long‐term evolution of climate, vegetation and environment”
Authors: Tian Yuntao , Zhuang Guangsheng , Nie Junsheng , Xu Qiang , Xing Yaowu , Zuza Andrew , Saylor Joel , Leary Ryan , Rohrmann Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe long‐term evolution of the Tibetan Plateau significantly influenced Asian climate, nearby ocean physics and chemistry, and terrestrial biodiversity. This range of impacts has attracted research attention from a correspondingly broad range of disciplines, providing important new insights into prolonged and emerging debates concerning the Himalayan–Tibetan morphotectonic evolution and its impacts on the long‐term evolution of climate, biodiversity, and the environment on regional to global scales. To communicate the latest advances on this coupled tectonic, climatic and biological system, we have launched a special virtual issue in Terra Nova and solicited submissions of 20 papers in total. The papers cover a wide range of topics that fall in the following, partially overlapping, categories: pre‐India–Asia collision tectonic configuration; post‐collision deformation; sedimentary system: source to sink studies, climatic forcing, and river incision; and climatic and biospheric influence of the Tibetan Plateau.