bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy in the elderly: a nationwide registry-based observational study with patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Johansen Tonje Okkenhaug , Vangen-Lønne Vetle , Holmberg Siril T. , Salvesen Øyvind O. , Solberg Tore K. , Gulati Agnete M. , Nygaard Øystein P. , Gulati Sasha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥ 70 undergoing decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) differ from those of younger patients (50–70 years) at 1 year.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). Among 651 patients included, 177 (27.2%) were ≥ 70 years old. The primary outcome was change in the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Secondary outcomes were changes in the European Myelopathy Score (EMS), quality of life (EuroQoL EQ-5D), numeric rating scales (NRS) for headache, neck pain, and arm pain, and complications.

Results
Significant improvements in all patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were detected for both age cohorts at 1 year. For the two age cohorts combined, there was a statistically significant improvement in the NDI score (mean 9.2, 95% CI 7.7 to 10.6, P < 0.001). There were no differences between age cohorts in mean change of NDI (− 8.9 vs. − 10.1, P = 0.48), EQ-5D (0.13 vs. 0.17, P = 0.37), or NRS pain scores, but elderly patients experienced a larger improvement in EMS (0.7 vs. 1.3, P = 0.02). A total of 74 patients (15.6%) in the younger cohort and 43 patients (24.3%) in the older cohort experienced complications or adverse effects within 3 months of surgery, mainly urinary and respiratory tract infections.

Conclusion
Surgery for DCM was associated with significant improvement across a wide range of PROMs for both younger and elderly patients. Surgery for DCM should not be denied based on age alone.
Classification of Mammographic ROI for Microcalcification Detection Using Multifractal Approach
Authors: Kermouni Serradj Nadia , Messadi Mahammed , Lazzouni Sihem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrocalcifications (MCs) are the main signs of precancerous cells. The development of aided-system for their detection has become a challenge for researchers in this field. In this paper, we propose a system for MCs detection based on the multifractal approach that classifies mammographic ROIs into normal (healthy) or abnormal ROIs containing MCs. The proposed method is divided into four main steps: a mammogram pre-processing step based on breast selection, breast density reduction using haze removal algorithm and contrast enhancement using multifractal measures. The second step consists of extracting the normal and abnormal ROIs and calculating the multifractal spectrum of each ROI. The next step represents the extraction of the multifractal features from the multifractal spectrum and the GLCM characteristics of each ROI. The last step is the classification of ROIs where three classifiers are tested (KNN, DT, and SVM). The system is evaluated on images from the INbreast database (308 images) with a total of 2688 extracted ROIs (1344 normal, 1344 with MC) from different BI-RADS classes. In this study, the SVM classifier gave the best classification results with a sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 98.66%, 97.77%, and 98.20% respectively. These results are very satisfactory and remarkable compared to the literature.
Validation and Verification of High-Fidelity Simulations of Thoracic Stent-Graft Implantation
Authors: Ramella Anna , Migliavacca Francesco , Rodriguez Matas Jose Felix , Heim Frederic , Dedola Francesca , Marconi Stefania , Conti Michele , Allievi Sara , Mandigers Tim J. , Bissacco Daniele , Domanin Maurizio , Trimarchi Santi , Luraghi Giulia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment option for thoracic aortic pathologies and consists of inserting a self-expandable stent-graft into the pathological region to restore the lumen. Computational models play a significant role in procedural planning and must be reliable. For this reason, in this work, high-fidelity Finite Element (FE) simulations are developed to model thoracic stent-grafts. Experimental crimp/release tests are performed to calibrate stent-grafts material parameters. Stent pre-stress is included in the stent-graft model. A new methodology for replicating device insertion and deployment with explicit FE simulations is proposed. To validate this simulation, the stent-graft is experimentally released into a 3D rigid aortic phantom with physiological anatomy and inspected in a computed tomography (CT) scan at different time points during deployment with an ad-hoc set-up. A verification analysis of the adopted modeling features compared to the literature is performed. With the proposed methodology the error with respect to the CT is on average 0.92 ± 0.64%, while it is higher when literature models are adopted (on average 4.77 ± 1.83%). The presented FE tool is versatile and customizable for different commercial devices and applicable to patient-specific analyses.
On queueing-inventory-location problems
Authors: Daduna Hans 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA network of queueing-inventory systems is considered where the inventories are replenished by a common central server. Travel times for transport of the items send out from the center and an adaptive dispatching regime to direct transportation towards the locations with queueing-inventory systems are incorporated in the model. The stationary distribution of the system is of product form and is explicitly given. An optimization procedure is developed to find for given locations of the queueing-inventory systems an optimal location for the replenishment center. Optimization is with respect to overall utilization of the resources measured in total throughput of the queueing-inventory systems.
Using artificial intelligence algorithms to predict self-reported problem gambling with account-based player data in an online casino setting
Authors: Auer Michael , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years researchers have emphasized the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as a tool to detect problem gambling online. AI algorithms require a training dataset to learn the patterns of a prespecified group. Problem gambling screens are one method for the collection of the necessary input data to train AI algorithms. The present study’s main aim was to identify the most significant behavioral patterns which predict self-reported problem gambling. In order to fulfil the aim, the study analyzed data from a sample of real-world online casino players and matched their self-report (subjective) responses concerning problem gambling with the participants’ actual (objective) gambling behavior. More specifically, the authors were given access to the raw data of 1,287 players from a European online gambling casino who answered questions on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) between September 2021 and February 2022. Random forest and gradient boost machine algorithms were trained to predict self-reported problem gambling based on the independent variables (e.g., wagering, depositing, gambling frequency). The random forest model predicted self-reported problem gambling better than gradient boost. Moreover, problem gamblers showed a distinct pattern with respect to their gambling based on the player tracking data. More specifically, problem gamblers lost more money per gambling day, lost more money per gambling session, and deposited money more frequently per gambling session. Problem gamblers also tended to deplete their gambling accounts more frequently compared to non-problem gamblers. A subgroup of problem gamblers identified as being at greater harm (based on their response to PGSI items) showed even higher values with respect to the aforementioned gambling behaviors. The study showed that self-reported problem gambling can be predicted by AI algorithms with high accuracy based on player tracking data.
Extreme Physiology Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, and Pain in the Naked Mole-Rat
Authors: Park Thomas J. , Reznick Jane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChallenging environmental conditions can drive the evolution of extreme physiological traits. The naked mole-rat has evolved to survive and thrive in a low oxygen, high carbon dioxide environment that would be deadly to humans and most other mammals. The naked mole-rat’s lifestyle is unusual in that this species combines subterranean living and living in large, social groups of up to 300 + individuals. Many respiring animals in a closed environment can lead to depletion of oxygen (hypoxia) and accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Naked mole-rats display a variety of physiological traits that negate the adverse effects of living in this atmosphere. For hypoxia tolerance, naked mole-rats have a low resting metabolism, high affinity hemoglobin, intrinsic brain tolerance, the ability to use fructose for anaerobic glycolysis, and the ability to enter a low energy, suspended animation-like state. For hypercapnia tolerance, these animals have a mutation in a voltage gated sodium channel that effectively eliminates neuronal responses to tissue acidosis. In other mammals, acidosis from exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide induces pain and pulmonary edema. Understanding these mechanisms of extreme physiology is not only inherently interesting, but it may lead to biomedical breakthroughs in research on heart attacks, strokes, and pain pathologies.
Shifting Power in Practice: The Importance of Contextual and Experiential Evidence in Guiding MCH Decision Making
Authors: Powis Laura , Ramirez Grace Guerrero , Krisowaty Lynda , Kaufman Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence is central to all maternal and child health (MCH) decision-making processes, continuously interacting with and influencing our work. There is a growing emphasis in MCH on using evidence-based approaches when addressing public health challenges, but the field lacks a unified understanding of what constitutes evidence. MCH must operate from an expansive understanding of evidence that centers community voice and acknowledges the role of evidence prioritization in achieving equitable population-level outcomes.

Call to Action
What we consider valid evidence has immense implications for MCH practice, including whose work is deemed worthy of funding and replication. The authors advocate for shifting the field’s evidence paradigm from being primarily focused on research findings to also recognize the importance of community-rooted evidence. Contextual and experiential evidence, alongside research evidence, should be considered for two purposes: (1) to support the effectiveness of a given practice generally, and (2) to support that the practice will work in specific contexts.
Putting this shift into practice requires explicit power shifting – the MCH workforce must cede power to those who have been historically barred from participating in and guiding research. To facilitate this, MCH professionals must build skills in communication, equitable leadership, and change management.

Conclusion
The MCH workforce should position communities to set their own priorities and define, develop, and disseminate evidence representative of their priorities. Evidence co-creation is key to establishing and sustaining transformative relationships between community members and Title V programs, shifting power structures to build upon existing community leadership and assets.
Liberalism and (how to avoid) paternalism
Authors: Gutmann Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article first presents a rough sketch of the core dynamics of the anti-paternalist liberal tradition (from Kant to Dworkin) centered around the notion of normative individualism and protecting the conditions of autonomy as a set of individual rights expressive of one’s sovereignty over oneself. Historically, the liberal tradition starts with a strong anti-paternalist momentum (Part I). Part II demonstrates that, within the theory of paternalism, a distinction has to be drawn between “personal autonomy” designating a family of ideal, gradual, and hence at least moderately perfectionist conceptions about what an autonomous person is, on the one hand, and what Feinberg calls “autonomy as a right”, on the other. It is shown that the anti-paternalist liberal tradition focuses only on “autonomy as a right”. In Part III, the text analyzes the so-called “argument from justice”, which claims that paternalistic and anti-paternalistic policies do have distributive effects of their own and might be a matter of distributive fairness. It discusses several options for understanding this claim and its relevance and criticizes most autonomy-enhancing approaches for blending out the dialectics of protection and tutelage.
The Importance of Being Attentive to Social Processes in School Bullying Research: Adopting a Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Forsberg Camilla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSchool bullying is a complex social phenomenon in need of further exploration regarding its connections to contextual aspects, group norms, and societal structures. This calls for research approaches that can get closer to participants’ experiences and the different social processes involved in school bullying. One such approach is the constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach, which aims to be attentive to participants’ main concerns and social processes through both analysis and data collection. This approach comes as a theory-method package with its use of a symbolic interactionism perspective. In this paper, I will show how CGT as a theory-method package, as well as symbolic interactionism and sociology of childhood, has been helpful in my research on school bullying (focusing on social structures, norms, and processes). More specifically, I give different examples from the whole research process, e.g., maintaining a focus on participants’ main concerns, the coding process, being guided by sensitizing concepts, addressing issues of social justice and equity — and overall forming and maintaining a theoretically and ethically prepared researcher role. I also suggest that this approach is helpful in dealing with ethical and theoretical challenges when researching topics known to negatively affect people’s lives and wellbeing — and when the social context makes it difficult for participants to address victimizing structures, positions, and processes.
Fluid properties impact on energy separation in Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube
Authors: Alsaghir Ahmad , Hamdan Mohammad O. , Orhan Mehmet F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the energy separation in vortex tubes which is a passive device that can split a pressurized room temperature gas stream to hot and cold streams. The paper employs numerical simulations to investigate the impact of various working fluids such as helium, air, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide on the energy separation in the vortex tube, using the SST $$k{-}\omega$$

k
-
ω

turbulence model with viscous heating. A three-dimensional numerical investigation is sued to examine the effect of a single fluid property on vortex tube performance, while keeping the rest of the fluid properties unchanged, which is impossible to achieve via experimental study. The numerical investigation examines the influence of molecular weight, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity on energy separation. The results show that energy separation performance improves with lower molecular weight and heat capacity, and higher dynamic viscosity of the working fluids, while no impact of the thermal conductivity is observed. Out of five gases tested in this study, helium has yielded the maximum temperature separation, while carbon dioxide has yielded the lowest performance. Results show that viscous dissipation contributes to the temperature separation in vortex tube.
The impact of bison reintroduction on local economies
Authors: Li Liqing , Ando Amy W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBison is an important and iconic mammal in the U.S. that is being reintroduced in many places after being driven nearly to extinction. This paper provides a nationwide assessment of the local economic impacts of bison reintroduction so that rural communities can take economic well-being into account when considering decisions regarding future bison restorations. We estimate the causal impacts of bison herd establishment on county-level income, employment, and population growth using staggered difference-in-difference and the synthetic control approaches. The simple positive correlation between local per capita income and bison herds might lead planners to think that bison reintroduction is good for the local economy. However, none of the causal inference analyses find statistically significant effects of bison reintroduction.
Emergency Response to a Hospital Fire: A Report From the Field
Authors: Jamshidbeigi Yousef , Mohammadi Sara , Sahebi Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the most important centers providing medical services during disasters and emergencies, hospitals have special structural complexities. Furthermore, the hospitals are exposed to many intrinsic and extrinsic hazards, including fire. On November 28, 2018, at 9:25am(local time), a fire started in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital of Ilam, affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Immediately, to save patients’ lives and prevent injuries to them, the horizontal and then vertical evacuation was performed to transfer patients to other hospitals by helping the support organizations. No physical injuries or deaths were reported in this incident. The results of this case study showed that hospitals should be sufficiently prepared to respond effectively to accidents and disasters, so it is needed to prepare and practice response programs and train hospital staff and managers.
Methods for determining the characteristics of weathered granite reservoirs: application to Binxian Uplift, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Li Xiaoke , Chen Gang , Liang Shangzi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the discovery of high-productivity oilfields in granite buried hills, it is necessary to systematically investigate the types of granite weathered reservoirs at different depths and their spatial distribution. However, previously subdivided reservoirs have been assumed to exhibit the same vertical zoning in different structural parts, contradicting the fact that the degree of weathering varies with the topography. In addition, comprehensive and quantitative methods for classifying reservoir types are lacking. Taking the Binxian Uplift of the Dongying depression in Bohai Bay Basin as an example, we therefore established a comprehensive identification standard for dividing granite reservoirs using lithology division, logging curve statistics, a dual-medium matrix–fracture model and seismic facies identification. Subsequently, by combining logging and seismic methods, the vertical stacking types and distribution properties of weathered granite reservoirs in various structural positions were analysed. The reservoirs were divided vertically into three zones: regolith, dissolution and fracture. Quantitative logging response standards for the different reservoirs were established using acoustic, density, natural gamma and resistivity logging. In terms of the seismic response, the regolith, dissolution and fracture zone corresponded to high-, medium- and low-amplitude seismic facies, respectively. A dynamic double-layer structure of the reservoir was established, comprising a completely weathered layer and a semi-weathered layer. The reservoir division method proposed in this paper can be used in other areas, and the research results can help promote the exploration of granite buried hill reservoirs.
Cratering Experiments on Granular Targets With a Variety of Particle Sizes: Implications for Craters on Rubble‐Pile Asteroids
Authors: Yasui M. , Arakawa M. , Okawa H. , Hasegawa S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe performed cratering experiments on targets composed of glass beads with a power‐law size distribution that simulated the surface of rubble‐pile asteroids, and we improved the previously studied reduction factor on the crater size scaling relationship including the armoring effect using the momentum transfer efficiency. Cratering experiments were conducted using light gas guns at Kobe University and ISAS/JAXA to control the impact velocity, , from 50 to 4,400 m s−1. Two kinds of mixed targets were prepared by mixing glass beads with diameters of 0.1, 1, 3, and 10 mm—one with the smallest diameter beads, and one without. The size ratio of the target bead to the projectile (diameter of 1–3 mm), , changed from 0.03 to 10. The crater size scaling relationships for the mixed targets were found to depend on the first contacted bead size. Notably, first contact with a 10 mm‐sized bead reduced the crater radius by 35% in maximum. The reduction factor due to this armoring effect on the crater size scaling relationship is written as follows: ; it decreased with the increase of the size ratio of the target bead to the projectile, while it increased with the increase of the impact velocity and approached unity. Our improved crater size scaling relationship that includes the reduction factor could be used to reconstruct the crater size frequency distribution on rubble‐pile asteroids such as Ryugu, and it may lead to a revision of the crater chronology of asteroids.
Observational Evidence for Multivariate Drought Hazard Amplifications Across Disparate Climate Regimes
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Majhi Avijit , Kumar Rohini 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrought poses significant challenges to global water security in a warming world. A global‐scale synthesis of the multivariate drought risk considering interdependencies between drought attributes across disparate climate regimes is still lacking. Leveraging precipitation and streamflow observations of 270 large catchments over the globe, we show that multivariate drought hazard amplifies significantly (at ∼65–76% of catchments) considering dependence between drought duration and severity. A signifying nature of this amplification (A) is the power‐law scaling with dependence metric ( where τ and λ are Kendall's correlation and the scaling exponent), revealing current approaches considering drought attributes as independent or linearly dependent will severely underestimate likelihood of extreme droughts. Furthermore, we find disparate responses in the multivariate imprints of meteorological to hydrological droughts across climate types, with strengths varying from large to modest in Tropics and Mid‐latitudes, which indicates weaker overlap between rain‐deficit and streamflow droughts. In contrast, a strong overlap in multivariate hazards of rain‐deficit and streamflow droughts is apparent across transitional Subtropics. Our study highlights the relevance of accounting for multivariate aspects of drought hazards to inform adaptation to water scarcity in a changing climate.