bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the diameters of droplets produced in turbulent liquid–liquid dispersion
Authors: Thomas John A. , DeVincentis Brian , Wutz Johannes , Ricci Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe droplet size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions is a complex convolution of impeller speed, impeller type, fluid properties, and flow conditions. In this work, we present threea priorimodeling approaches for predicting the droplet diameter distributions as a function of system operating conditions. In the first approach, called the two‐fluid approach, we use high‐resolution solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations to directly model the flow of each phase and the corresponding droplet breakup/coalescence events. In the second approach, based on an Eulerian–Lagrangian model, we describe the dispersed fluid as individual spheres undergoing ongoing breakup and coalescence events per user‐defined interaction kernels. In the third approach, called the Eulerian–Parcel model, we model a sub‐set of the droplets in the Eulerian–Lagrangian model to estimate the overall behavior of the entire droplet population. We discuss output from each model within the context of predictions from first principles turbulence theory and measured data.
Shape‐size sieving of trans‐ and cis‐piperylene isomers with gallate‐based metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Jiawei , Guo Lidong , Liu Ying , Yang Qiwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Yiwen , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe isolation of C5 diolefins, mainly consisting of trans‐piperylene, cis‐piperylene, and isoprene, is a challenging task and requires complex and energy‐intensive separation schemes. Particularly, the segregation of trans/cis‐piperylene is the most challenging operation for geometric isomers. Here, we report an isostructural family of metal‐organic frameworks, Mg‐, Co‐, and Ni‐gallate, which are perfectly suitable for the precise matching of trans‐piperylene molecules while excluding the slightly large cis‐piperylene molecules, contributing to remarkable separation of trans/cis‐piperylene via shape‐size sieving. Significantly, Mg‐gallate exhibits high affinity for trans‐piperylene, leading to an outstanding trans/cis‐piperylene uptake selectivity of 4.22 (298 K, 0.1 bar) in adsorption isotherms. This excellent separation performance is further attested by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction of Ni‐gallate loaded with trans‐piperylene isomer. In breakthrough tests, M‐gallate materials not only display excellent separation performance of trans‐ and cis‐piperylene but also can accomplish complete segregation of the ternary mixture (trans‐piperylene/cis‐piperylene/isoprene) into individual compounds combined with zeolite 5A.
Detecting regions of homozygosity improves the diagnosis of pathogenic variants and uniparental disomy in pediatric patients
Authors: Wen Jiadi , Chai Hongyan , Grommisch Brittany , DiAdamo Autumn , Dykas Daniel , Ma Deqiong , Popa Andreea , Zhao Chen , Spencer‐Manzon Michele , Jiang Yong‐Hui , McGrath James , Li Peining , Bale Allen , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChromosomal microarray analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism probes can detect regions of homozygosity (ROH). This confers a potential utility in revealing autosomal recessive (AR) diseases and uniparental disomy (UPD). Results of genetic testing among pediatric patients from 2015 to 2019 were evaluated. Diagnostic findings with detected ROH from large consecutive case series in the literature were reviewed. Of 2050 pediatric patients, 65 (3%) had one or more ROH and 31 (53%) had follow‐up whole exome sequencing (WES) and methylation studies. Seven homozygous variants were detected and four of them from three patients (9.6%) were within the detected ROH and classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants for AR diseases. One patient (3%) had segmental UPD15q for a diagnosis of Prader–Willi syndrome. Additive diagnostic yield from ROH reporting was at least 0.2% (4/2050) of pediatric patients. These results were consistent with findings from several large case series reported in the literature. Detecting ROH had an estimated baseline predictive value of 10% for AR diseases and 3% for UPD. Consanguinity revealed by multiple ROH was a strong predictor for AR diseases. These results provide evidence for genetic counseling and recommendation of follow‐up WES and methylation studies for pediatric patients reported with ROH.
Applying a public health approach to autism research: A framework for action
Authors: Schendel Diana , Roux Anne M. , McGhee Hassrick Elizabeth , Lyall Kristen , Shea Lindsay , Vivanti Giacomo , Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Newschaffer Craig , Robins Diana L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost published autism research, and the funding that supports it, remains focused on basic and clinical science. However, the public health impact of autism drives a compelling argument for utilizing a public health approach to autism research. Fundamental to the public health perspective is a focus on health determinants to improve quality of life and to reduce the potential for adverse outcomes across the general population, including in vulnerable subgroups. While the public health research process can be conceptualized as a linear, 3‐stage path consisting of discovery – testing – translation/dissemination/implementation, in this paper we propose an integrated, cyclical research framework to advance autism public health objectives in a more comprehensive manner. This involves discovery of primary, secondary and tertiary determinants of health in autism; and use of this evidence base to develop and test detection, intervention, and dissemination strategies and the means to implement them in ‘real world’ settings. The proposed framework serves to facilitate identification of knowledge gaps, translational barriers, and shortfalls in implementation; guides an iterative research cycle; facilitates purposeful integration of stakeholders and interdisciplinary researchers; and may yield more efficient achievement of improved health and well‐being among persons on the autism spectrum at the population‐level.Lay SummaryScientists need better ways to identify and address gaps in autism research, conduct research with stakeholders, and use findings to improve the lives of autistic people. We recommend an approach, based in public health science, to guide research in ways that might impact lives more quickly.
Comparative Study of Conventional Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Horia Raymond , Nguyen Dan‐Thien , Eng Alex Yong Sheng , Seh Zhi Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional magnesium salts are generally considered to be passivating to the magnesium anode, hence chloride‐based electrolyte additives are often added to circumvent this issue. As a result, the performance of conventional magnesium salts has rarely been assessed in a chloride‐free system. This work provides a comparative study on the electrochemical performance and interfacial reaction of four commercially available magnesium salts with tetrabutylammonium borohydride as moisture scavenger. Magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) was found to be the most reductively stable and enabled excellent magnesium plating/stripping without chloride additive. Investigation of the solid electrolyte interphase revealed a thin organic polyether layer that was conducive to magnesium‐ion migration. The results also showed that a minuscule amount of chloride (20 mM) improved the reversibility of magnesium plating/stripping but was still corrosive towards the current collector, thus establishing that chloride‐free electrolyte is most appropriate for future development of rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Correcting conditional mean imputation for censored covariates and improving usability
Authors: Lotspeich Sarah C. , Grosser Kyle F. , Garcia Tanya P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMissing data are often overcome using imputation, which leverages the entire dataset to replace missing values with informed placeholders. This method can be modified for censored data by also incorporating partial information from censored values. One such modification proposed by Atem et al. (2017, 2019a, 2019b) is conditional mean imputation where censored covariates are replaced by their conditional means given other fully observed information. These methods are robust to additional parametric assumptions on the censored covariate and utilize all available data, which is appealing. However, in implementing these methods, we discovered that these three articles provide nonequivalent formulas and, in fact, none is the correct formula for the conditional mean. Herein, we derive the correct form of the conditional mean and discuss the bias incurred when using the incorrect formulas. Furthermore, we note that even the correct formula can perform poorly for log hazard ratios far from . We also provide user‐friendly R software, the imputeCensoRd package, to enable future researchers to tackle censored covariates correctly.
Early onset of efficacy with erenumab for migraine prevention in Japanese patients: Analysis of two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies
Authors: Hirata Koichi , Takeshima Takao , Sakai Fumihiko , Imai Noboru , Matsumori Yasuhiko , Tatsuoka Yoshihisa , Numachi Yotaro , Yoshida Ryuji , Peng Cheng , Mikol Daniel D. , Lima Gabriel Paiva da Silva , Cheng Sunfa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeIn two 24‐week migraine prevention studies in Japan, erenumab was associated with significantly greater reductions in migraine frequency versus placebo over Weeks 13–24 (primary endpoint). This post hoc analysis evaluated the onset of efficacy within the first 4 weeks after the initiation of erenumab from the 24‐week double‐blind periods of these studies.MethodsPlacebo‐adjusted differences in least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline in weekly migraine days (WMD) were assessed weekly in each study and by migraine type (episodic (EM]/chronic [CM]) (Study 20170609).ResultsA total of 407 patients from Study 20120309 (70 mg: N = 135; 140 mg: N = 136; placebo: N = 136) and 261 patients from Study 20170609 ([EM] 70 mg: N = 78; placebo: N = 81; [CM] 70 mg: N = 52; placebo: N = 50) were included. For Study 20120309, onset of efficacy was observed as early as Week 1 in favor of erenumab versus placebo. Placebo‐adjusted differences in LSM (95% confidence interval [CI]) change from baseline in WMD at Week 1 were −0.38 (−0.71 to −0.05; p = .022) and −0.49 (−0.82 to −0.16; p = .004) in favor of erenumab 70 and 140 mg, respectively. For Study 20170609, significant placebo‐adjusted differences were observed with erenumab 70 mg at Week 1 in patients with EM (LSM [95% CI]: −0.55 [−0.97 to −0.12; p = .012]), and at Week 2 in patients with CM (LSM [95% CI]: −0.81 [−1.53 to −0.09; p = .028]) and for the overall population (LSM [95% CI]: −0.71 [−1.09 to −0.33; p < .001]).ConclusionsErenumab treatment significantly reduced WMD compared with placebo. Onset of erenumab efficacy occurred as early as Week 1 in patients with migraine.
Integrated bioactive scaffold with aptamer‐targeted stem cell recruitment and growth factor‐induced pro‐differentiation effects for anisotropic meniscal regeneration
Authors: Li Hao , Zhao Tianyuan , Cao Fuyang , Deng Haoyuan , He Songlin , Li Jianwei , Liu Shuyun , Yang Zhen , Yuan Zhiguo , Guo Quanyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReconstruction of the knee meniscus remains a significant clinical challenge owing to its complex anisotropic tissue organization, complex functions, and limited healing capacity in the inner region. The development of in situ tissue‐engineered meniscal scaffolds, which provide biochemical signaling to direct endogenous stem/progenitor cell (ESPC) behavior, has the potential to revolutionize meniscal tissue engineering. In this study, a fiber‐reinforced porous scaffold was developed based on aptamer Apt19S‐mediated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐specific recruitment and dual growth factor (GF)‐enhanced meniscal differentiation. The aptamer, which can specifically recognize and recruit MSCs, was first chemically conjugated to the decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix (MECM) and then mixed with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to form a photocrosslinkable hydrogel. Second, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and transforming growth factor‐β3 (TGF‐β3)‐loaded PLGA microparticles (MPs) were mixed with aptamer‐conjugated MECM to simulate anisotropic meniscal regeneration. These three bioactive molecules were delivered sequentially. Apt19S, which exhibited high binding affinity to synovium‐derived MSCs (SMSCs), was quickly released to facilitate the mobilization of ESPCs. CTGF incorporated within PLGA NPs was released rapidly, inducing profibrogenic differentiation, while sustained release of TGF‐β3 in PLGA MPs remodeled the fibrous matrix into fibrocartilaginous matrix. The in vitro results showed that the sequential release of Apt19S/GFs promoted cell migration, proliferation, and fibrocartilaginous differentiation. The in vivo results demonstrated that the sequential release system of Apt/GF‐scaffolds increased neomeniscal formation in rabbit critical‐sized meniscectomies. Thus, the novel delivery system shows potential for guiding meniscal regeneration in situ.
Electrochemical Polymerization of a Carbazole‐Tethered Cobalt Phthalocyanine for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Shangxing , Iwami Hikaru , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe four‐electron oxidation of water (2H2O→O2+4H++4e−) is critical for artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is efficiently catalyzed by photosystem II via cooperative catalytic centers and charge transporters. However, the integration of water oxidation catalysts and charge transporters in artificial systems remains challenging. In this report, a function‐integrated water oxidation catalyst produced by the electrochemical polymerization of a cobalt phthalocyanine complex bearing carbazole moieties is described. The monomer complex, Co(czPc) (H2czPc=tetrakis(9H‐carbazole‐9‐ethoxy)phthalocyanine), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical polymerization of Co(czPc) was confirmed using cyclic voltammetry measurements and yielded poly‐Co(czPc) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. Poly‐Co(czPc) showed excellent charge‐transport ability and superior electrocatalytic water oxidation performance to that of the corresponding nonpolymeric system.
Flow Virometry for Characterizing the Size, Concentration, and Surface Antigens of Viruses
Authors: Maltseva Mariam , Langlois Marc‐André 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApplication of flow cytometry principles for the analysis of viruses has been referred to as flow virometry (FVM). FVM is a multiparametric, high‐throughput, and sensitive technique that allows viral particles to be detected, quantified, and characterized based on the biophysical properties of the virus and the expression of proteins on their surface. More specifically, by calibrating the flow cytometer with reference materials, it is possible to measure the concentration of intact viral particles in a sample, the abundance of a target antigen on the surface of the virus, and the relative diameter of the virus. Here, we describe a comprehensive overview of procedures used to stain, detect, and quantify viral and host‐derived proteins located on the surface of retroviruses. These outlined techniques can be applied for the rapid phenotypic characterization of retroviruses, other enveloped viruses, and generally most viruses at the single‐particle level through the direct staining of viruses collected from the supernatant of infected cells, without the need for enrichment or purification. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Virus productionBasic Protocol 2: Instrument setup, standardization, and quality control for fluorescence quantificationBasic Protocol 3: Flow virometry analysisBasic Protocol 4: Viral surface antigen staining and fluorescence quantificationSupport Protocol: Determination of the optimal antibody concentration for virus stainingBasic Protocol 5: Gain configuration optimization
Ultrahigh‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Carotenoid‐Derived Hormones and Apocarotenoids in Plants
Authors: Mi Jianing , Liew Kit Xi , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarotenoid oxidative cleavage products, apocarotenoids (APOs), are a class of important plant secondary metabolites, which include phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and growth regulators and signaling molecules such as β‐cyclocitral, zaxinone, anchorene, β‐apo‐11‐carotenoids, and retinal. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these bioactive compounds is crucial for understanding their metabolism and may also enable discovering further regulatory APOs. The state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry (MS) technology has advanced the detection of plant APOs; however, it is still challenging to perform an accurate analysis of the low‐level phytohormones ABA and SL and the structurally diverse APOs from complex plant matrices. Here, we describe ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐MS (UHPLC‐MS) methods to determine carotenoid‐derived hormones and APOs from plants by integrating ultrasound‐assisted extraction and solid‐phase extraction. These assays enable an accurate quantification of carotenoid‐derived hormones and APOs from plant tissues by using an UHPLC hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: UHPLC‐MS analysis of APOs from rice rootsSupport Protocol: Preparation of dried plant root powderBasic Protocol 2: UHPLC‐MS analysis of SLs from rice rootsBasic Protocol 3: UHPLC‐MS analysis of ABA from rice roots
Cardiac energetics in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency: an in‐vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Papalia Francesco , Jouhra Fadi , Amin‐Youssef George , Shah Ajay M. , Charles‐Edwards Geoffrey , Okonko Darlington O. 
Published: February 2022

AimsIron deficiency (ID) is prevalent and adverse in chronic heart failure (CHF) but few human studies have explored the myocardial mechanism(s) that potentially underlie this adversity. Because mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) provides over 90% of the hearts adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and iron is critical for OXPHOS, we hypothesized that patients with CHF and ID would harbour greater cardiac energetic impairments than patients without ID.Methods and resultsPhosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantify the phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP (PCr/ATP) ratio, an index of in‐vivo cardiac energetics, in CHF patients and healthy volunteers. Cardiac structure and function was assessed from magnetic resonance short stack cines. Patients with (n = 27) and without (n = 12) ID, and healthy volunteers (n = 11), were similar with respect to age and gender. The PCr/ATP ratio was lower in patients with ID (1.03 [0.83–1.38]) compared to those without ID (1.72 [1.51–2.26], p < 0.01) and healthy volunteers (1.39 [1.10–3.68], p < 0.05). This was despite no difference in cardiac structure and function between patients with and without ID, and despite adjustment for the presence of anaemia, haemoglobin levels, cardiac rhythm, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. In the total CHF cohort, the PCr/ATP ratio correlated with ferritin levels (rho = 0.4, p < 0.01), and was higher in NYHA class I than class II or III patients (p = 0.02).ConclusionIron deficiency is associated with greater cardiac energetic impairment in patients with CHF irrespective of anaemia and cardiac structure and function. Suppression of cardiac mitochondrial function might therefore be a mechanism via which ID worsens human CHF.
Influence of ejection fraction on biomarker expression and response to spironolactone in people at risk of heart failure: findings from the HOMAGE trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Girerd Nicolas , Bozec Erwan , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Collier Timothy , Mariottoni Beatrice , Cosmi Franco , Hazebroek Mark , Cuthbert Joe , Petutschnigg Johannes , Heymans Stephane , Staessen Jan A. , Pieske Burkert , Edelman Frank , Clark Andrew L. , Díez Javier , González Arantxa , Rossignol Patrick , Cleland John G. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: February 2022

AimsLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can provide haemodynamic information and may influence the response to spironolactone and other heart failure (HF) therapies. We aimed to study patient characteristics and circulating protein associations with LVEF, and whether LVEF influenced the response to spironolactone.Methods and resultsHOMAGE enrolled patients aged >60 years at high risk of developing HF with a LVEF ≥45%. Overall, 527 patients were randomized to either spironolactone or standard of care for ≈9 months, and 276 circulating proteins were measured using Olink® technology. A total of 364 patients had available LVEF determined by the Simpson's biplane method. The respective LVEF tertiles were: tertile 1: <60% (n = 122), tertile 2: 60%–65% (n = 121), and tertile 3: >65% (n = 121). Patients with a LVEF >65% had smaller left ventricular chamber size and volumes, and lower natriuretic peptide levels. Compared to patients with a LVEF <60%, those with LVEF >65% had higher levels of circulating c‐c motif chemokine ligand‐23 and interleukin‐8, and lower levels of tissue plasminogen activator, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), S100 calcium binding protein A12, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1). Spironolactone significantly reduced the circulating levels of BNP and COL1A1 without significant treatment‐by‐LVEF heterogeneity: BNP change β = −0.36 log2 and COL1A1 change β = −0.16 log2 (p < 0.0001 for both; interaction p > 0.1 for both). Spironolactone increased LVEF from baseline to month 9 by 1.1% (p = 0.007).ConclusionPatients with higher LVEF had higher circulating levels of chemokines and inflammatory markers and lower levels of stretch, injury, and fibrosis markers. Spironolactone reduced the circulating levels of natriuretic peptides and type 1 collagen, and increased LVEF.
Examination of warm transfer on extending sheet by variation iteration method strategy and investigation of arrangements for optimizing liquid properties
Authors: Pasha Pooya , Alibak Ali Hosin , Nabi Hossein , Tat Shahdost Farzad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the variation of heat transfer and velocity changes of the fluid flow along the vertical line on a surface drawn from both sides. In the beginning, several parameters such as Prandtl number and viscoelastic effect were evaluated for heat transfer and fluid velocity by the variation iteration method. The results were compared with the numerical method. The second part of the description relates to the use Response surface method (RSM method) in the Design Expert software. In this paper, by using the RSM, optimized the fluid velocity and heat transfer passing from the stretching sheet. By increasing the Prandtl number, the convection heat transfer by 43% increased the ratio of the minimum Prandtl number. By balanced modes for Prandtl number and viscoelastic parameter and wall temperature, the best optimization occurred for fluid velocity and fluid temperature with f = 0.67 and θ = 0.606. The results of the Variation Iteration method are accurate for the nonlinear solution. As the value of k increases, the value of fluid velocity increased and by increasing the Prandtl number, the value of temperature decreases.