bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Parental Support in Teen Dating Violence
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jessica M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This qualitative study explores heterosexual teen girls’ perceptions of parental support in abusive dating relationships during high school. Teen girls are at high risk for dating violence. Symbolic interaction theory asserts that meaning is assigned through our interactions, and these assigned meanings then influence our behavior. Findings demonstrate that teen girls assign meaning to dating and abuse, which is often reflective of traditional gender stereotypes, through their interactions with their boyfriends. However, due to the life course, parents of teens are in a unique position to provide different meanings that foster healthier dating relationships. Analysis of semistructured retrospective interviews found that, like adults, teen victims perceived parents’ support to be inconsistent. Parents who provided support, such as ensuring safety, giving advice, and involving other professionals, played an instrumental role in helping teen girls end abusive dating relationships. Social workers should engage parents, schools, and peers in prevention education efforts that challenge gender norms and provide training on how to effectively intervene and provide support to teens that are experiencing abuse in their dating relationships.
Women and Incarceration: Introducing a Gendered Lens into Smart Decarceration
Authors: Gottlieb Aaron , Mahabir Melissa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Given the scope of mass incarceration, it is quite appropriate that promote smart decarceration (PSD) has been identified as one of the 13 Grand Challenges for Social Work. The aims of PSD are both ambitious and critical but do not address women explicitly. The authors argue that PSD should incorporate a gendered lens because a gender-responsive framework is critical for these three reasons: (1) women’s pathways to incarceration are different than men's and are shaped by their social status and multiple forms of marginalization based on race, socioeconomic status, gender, and other factors; (2) women face gender-specific needs behind bars (especially those related to reproductive health) and have higher rates of behavioral health needs (e.g., mental health disorders, substance use issues) than men; and (3) although men and women face similar reentry challenges (e.g., housing, parenting, economic hardship, behavioral health), women experience many of these risk factors at higher rates, and their social status shapes how these needs impact their reentry. Until social workers and other advocates consider all the various and intersecting identities of all those impacted by the criminal legal system, they will be never be successful in ending mass incarceration.
Predicting mortality in elderly trauma patients: a review of the current literature
Authors: Chow Jarva , Kuza Catherine M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Advances in medical care allow patients to live longer, translating into a larger geriatric patient population. Adverse outcomes increase with older age, regardless of injury severity. Age, comorbidities, and physiologic deterioration have been associated with the increased mortality seen in geriatric trauma patients. As such, outcome prediction models are critical to guide clinical decision making and goals of care discussions for this population. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the various outcome prediction models for geriatric trauma patients.

Recent findings
There are several prediction models used for predicting mortality in elderly trauma patients. The Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) is a validated and accurate predictor of mortality in geriatric trauma patients and performs equally if not better to traditional scores such as the Trauma and Injury Severity Score. However, studies recommend medical comorbidities be included in outcome prediction models for geriatric patients to further improve performance.

Summary
The ideal outcome prediction model for geriatric trauma patients has not been identified. The GTOS demonstrates accurate predictive ability in elderly trauma patients. The addition of medical comorbidities as a variable in outcome prediction tools may result in superior performance; however, additional research is warranted.
Associations between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions in high-risk areas of China
Authors: Zhou Jiachen , Sun Kexin , Wang Shaoming , Chen Ru , Li Minjuan , Gu Jianhua , Fan Zhiyuan , Zhuang Guihua , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Family clustering of esophageal cancer (EC) has been found in high-risk areas of China. However, the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (ECPL) have not been comprehensively reported in recent years. This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.

Methods:
This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019, based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer. The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy, and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions. Information on demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and cancer family history was collected. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL.

Results:
Among 33,008 participants, 6143 (18.61%) reported positive family history of EC. The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas. After adjusting for risk factors, participants with a family history of positive cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.62), 1.52-fold (95% CI: 1.38–1.67), or 1.66-fold (95% CI: 1.50–1.84) higher risks of ECPL, respectively. Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives (FDR) of positive EC history had 1.65-fold (95% CI: 1.47–1.84) or 1.93-fold (95% CI: 1.46–2.54) higher risks of ECPL. Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35, 45, and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold (95% CI: 1.30–12.65), 2.11-fold (95% CI: 1.37–3.25), and 1.91-fold (95% CI: 1.44–2.54) higher risks of ECPL, respectively.

Conclusions:
Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL. This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset. Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation.

Trial registration:
ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.
Risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological and targeted drugs: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ji Xiaojian , Hu Lidong , Wang Yiwen , Man Siliang , Liu Xingkang , Song Chuan , Zhang Jiaxin , Zhu Jian , Zhang Jianglin , Huang Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Concerns exist regarding the potential development of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biological and targeted drugs. We assessed systematically whether biological therapy increased the risk of tuberculosis in patients with RA by meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine disc for RCTs evaluating biological therapy in patients with RA from inception through August 2021. Traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed to compare the risk of tuberculosis for each biologics class in patients with RA. Peto odds ratio (Peto OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as the primary effect measure.

Results:
In total, 39 studies with 20,354 patients were included in this meta-analysis, and 82 patients developed tuberculosis. The risk of tuberculosis was increased in patients treated with biologics compared with non-biologics (Peto OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.36–6.32, P < 0.001). Also, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors had a higher probability of developing tuberculosis than placebo (Peto OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 2.30–6.88, P < 0.001). However, network meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the risk of tuberculosis for each biologics class in patients with RA. Noticeably, tuberculosis was significantly more common in patients treated with a high dose compared with patients receiving a low dose of tofacitinib (Peto OR: 7.39, 95% CI: 2.00–27.31, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis demonstrates the evidence of an elevated risk of tuberculosis in patients with RA treated with TNF-α inhibitors, and a dose-dependent elevated risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with tofacitinib.
Inhibition of cathepsin B protects pancreatic acinar cells against apoptosis in early pancreatic trauma in rats
Authors: Feng Cong , Wang Lili , Peng Jingyang , Cui Xiang , Zhou Xuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To observe the protective effect of cathepsin B inhibition against apoptosis of acinar cells in the early management of pancreatic contusion and laceration in rats, which would provide evidence of a potential early therapeutic for pancreatic contusion and laceration.

Methods:
Twenty-four rats were assigned to 2 groups: 1) Model (n = 12) with an induced pancreatic injury of severity I–II and 2) CA074-V (n = 12): an induced pancreatic injury, severity I–II treated with the cathepsin B inhibitor CA074-me (0.01 mg/g) by intravenous administration through the caudal vein at 5 minutes post model establishment. The mice in these two groups were further randomly divided into 4 subgroups containing 3 rats each that were sacrificed for quantitation of apoptosis, immunohistochemistry of cathepsin B, and serum amylase and lipase measurements at different time points after model establishment (0, 3, 6, and 12 hours).

Results:
The percentage of apoptotic pancreatic acinar cells collected from the injured tissues were much lower in the CA074-V group than the Model group at 3 hours [9.25 ± 3.94% vs. 64.76 ± 26.47%, P < 0.10] and 6 hours [14.71 ± 8.22% vs. 66.60 ± 13.54%, P < 0.10] post model establishment. The percentage of cathepsin B-positive pancreatic acinar cells were much lower in the CA074-V group than in the Model group at 3 hours [31.07 ± 12.02% vs. 69.16 ± 5.71%, P < 0.10], 6 hours [24.84 ± 0.93% vs. 47.06 ± 0.91%, P < 0.10], and 12 hours [28.33 ± 9.14% vs. 52.72 ± 1.25%, P < 0.10] post model establishment.

Conclusions:
Early cathepsin B inhibition effectively blocked acinar cell apoptosis in an experimental rat model of pancreatic contusion and laceration.
Facial Nerve Revascularization Strategies in Facial Restoration
Authors: Khajuria Ankur , Bisase Brian , Norris Paul , Dhanda Jag , Koshima Isao , Nduka Charles , Kannan Ruben Y. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Facial transplants represent the current exemplar in the reconstruction of severely damaged faces, whereas conventional free flap reconstruction has its limitations in restoring both function and surface cover.

Methods:
In a retrospective study over 6 years (2014–2020), 5 cases (n = 5) of vascularized nerve flaps (VNFs) were performed by our team. These involved three acute and two late reconstructions. The mean age was 41 years with a maximum of 6-year follow-up. To objectify the different permutations and combinations, we categorized composite, chimeric, and hybrid VNFs into types I, IIa-c, and III, each with a unique characteristic. Postoperative function was evaluated using the validated Sunnybrook and Terzis scores for facial nerve palsy; masticatory function was assessed using dental impression studies.

Results:
There was a 100% flap survival rate, with no instances of flap necrosis and only one complication: hematoma at 24 hours postoperative. Sunnybrook and Terzis scores showed a statistically significant improvement postoperatively, indicating both improved repose and facial expressions (paired student t test, P < 0.05). Given that each VNF was specifically customized for a particular patient, each type of VNF in this cohort was unique, thereby illustrating each type succinctly.

Conclusions:
VNFs are separate entities from standard free flaps, as they require extensive preoperative planning to allow the deconstructing of composite blocks of tissue into separate vascularized entities and amalgamating them into a new conglomerate. This allows VNFs to fill a niche area in facial reconstructive surgery between face transplants and conventional free tissue transfers, with enormous potential.
A Retrospective Review of Psychosocial Outcomes After Microprocessor Knee Prescription
Authors: Dunlop Fraser , Aranceta-Garza Alejandra , Munjal Ramesh , McGarry Anthony , Murray Laura 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Microprocessor knees have been shown to improve gait biomechanics and to reduce the frequency of falls, but evidence of their influence on psychosocial health is limited.

Study Design
Retrospective analysis.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in psychosocial outcome measures when prosthetic users change from a non–microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee (NMPK) to a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee (MPK).

Methods
Using validated outcome measures, physical and psychological attributes of 26 MPK users were analyzed using data collected at routine appointments. Baseline data were collected using NMPK limbs first, then compared with data collected 4 weeks and 6 months after initial MPK fitting.

Results
A significant improvement of 13.7% in Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) scores was observed after 6 months (P = 0.001). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) demonstrated a 64.6% significant reduction in the presence of depression-like symptoms after 6 months of MPK use (P < 0.001), including four participants who previously scored highly enough to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Frequency of falls reduced significantly as well (P < 0.001). Increases in self-selected walking speed were seen in both the 2-minute walk and 6-minute walk tests.

Conclusions
Significant improvements were seen in all psychosocial outcome measures, indicating participants' psychosocial health improved with the prescription of an MPK despite a lack of clinically important improvements in parallel performance-based outcome measures.

Clinical Relevance
MPKs are well documented to reduce trips and falls, which is corroborated by this research. However, the psychosocial benefits of MPKs are not documented extensively; this study provides evidence of an improvement in psychological wellbeing in this cohort.
Influencing Factors of Hope Among Chinese Patients With Hematological Malignancies From the Perspective of Positive Psychology
Authors: Yu Junye , Dong Huan , Song Yuanyuan , Zhu Fengying 
Published: January 2022

Background
Hope is an important resource and reserve for patients with hematological malignancies to cope with stress. Through analyzing hope levels and its influencing factors, this study provides evidence for developing psychological interventions for this population.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the influencing factors of hope in patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 165 participants with hematological malignancies was performed from November 2019 through June 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-esteem Scale, and Big Five Short-Form Scale were used to evaluate each variable. Regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of hope.

Results
The total mean hope level (40.39 ± 4.32) was significantly lower than the national norm. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that openness (β = .38, P < .001), neuroticism (β = −0.25, P < .001), rigor (β = −0.15, P = .043), self-esteem (β = .33, P < .001), positive response (β = .22, P < .001), negative response (β = .12, P = .039), and residential region (β = .17, P = .002) were significantly associated with the total hope level among patients with hematological malignancies. Self-esteem and openness were positively correlated with the total mean hope score and its 3 subdimensions.

Conclusion
The hope level was relatively low in patients with hematological malignancies. Hope level was affected by individual personality traits, coping styles, self-esteem, and loneliness.

Implication for Practice
Attention should be drawn to the relationship between the hope level and positive psychological characteristics among patients with hematological malignancies. Our study supports the need to develop tailored and effective interventions to improve the level of hope among this patient population.
Assessing Physical and Cognitive Function in Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Visovatti Moira A. , Jung Mi Sook , Mason Heidi , DeRubeis Mary Beth , Worden Francis P. , Barton Debra L. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Head and neck cancer (HNC) and associated treatments have significant long-term and late adverse effects that can impair function. Therefore, there is a need for reliable common metrics to assess function in HNC that limit participant burden and are cost-effective and easy to use in clinical settings.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the Fitbit Zip, NIH Toolbox, and REDCap electronic data collection tool to measure function and symptoms in individuals with HNC and to explore preliminary findings.

Methods
A prospective descriptive design with a total of 16 participants was used to assess function and symptoms pretreatment to 3 months post treatment initiation.

Results
The enrollment rate was 49%, the retention rate was 81%, and the Fitbit Zip adherence rate was 86%. Exploratory analyses suggested a possible decline in physical activity and worsening symptom burden alongside improved attention and cognitive flexibility abilities (P ≤ .05). There were no differences in strength, functional mobility, information processing, or perceived attentional function.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that use of the Fitbit Zip, NIH Toolbox, and REDCap data collection tool in HNC is feasible. Exploratory analyses suggest that the Fitbit Zip may be a sensitive measure of physical activity in HNC.

Implications for Practice
This study provides preliminary evidence for metrics that could be used in the clinical settings to assess function and symptom distress in HNC. Integration of these measures, upon further validation, could help providers better identify patients in need of intervention.
Effectiveness of Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Interventions for Managing the Fatigue–Sleep Disturbance–Depression Symptom Cluster in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Wong Wai Man , Chan Dorothy N.S. , He Xiaole , So Winnie K.W. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The symptom cluster of cancer-related fatigue–sleep disturbance–depression (F-S-D) is common among breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy. Given the coexisting nature and synergistic effect of this symptom cluster, interventions for managing it are expected to benefit patient outcomes.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to examine the effectiveness and identify the essential components of interventions used to manage the F-S-D and quality of life (QOL) in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods
A systematic review was performed in March 2020 through 7 electronic databases. Relevant studies were assessed using the inclusion criteria. The level of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The results were summarized and synthesized in narrative forms.

Results
Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included. Results showed that bright light therapy, acupressure, and psychological nursing interventions were useful in managing F-S-D in BC patients. Exercise and diet counseling alleviated F-D, whereas stress management and a health promotion program alleviated S-D. Bright light therapy, exercise, diet counseling, and psychological nursing interventions enhanced the QOL of these patients.

Conclusion
Interventions that could alleviate F-S, F-D, S-D, and F-S-D in BC patients and enhance their QOL were identified. Future studies should investigate the effects of evidence-based multimodal interventions that integrate psychological support, education on the management of chemotherapy side effects, and diet counseling and exercise on F-S-D in and reduced QOL of BC patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Implications for Practice
Nurses act as patient advocates, and the development of evidence-based interventions for managing F-S-D and QOL is significant to nursing practice.
Strategies to improve HIV care outcomes for people with HIV who are out of care
Authors: Higa Darrel H. , Crepaz Nicole , Mullins Mary M. , Adegbite-Johnson Adebukola , Gunn Jayleen K.L. , Denard Christa , Mizuno Yuko 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five intervention strategies: patient navigation, appointment help/alerts, psychosocial support, transportation/appointment accompaniment, and data-to-care on HIV care outcomes among persons with HIV (PWH) who are out of care (OOC).

Design:
A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods:
We searched CDC's Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project's cumulative HIV database to identify intervention studies conducted in the U.S., published between 2000 and 2020 that included comparisons between groups or prepost, and reported at least one relevant outcome (i.e. re-engagement or retention in HIV care, and viral suppression). Effect sizes were meta-analyzed using random-effect models to assess intervention effectiveness.

Results:
Thirty-nine studies reporting on 42 unique interventions met the inclusion criteria. Overall, intervention strategies are effective in improving re-engagement in care [odds ratio (OR) = 1.79;95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.36–2.36, k = 14], retention in care (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.64–2.64, k = 22), and viral suppression (OR = 2.50;95% CI: 1.87–3.34, k = 27). Patient navigation, appointment help/alerts, psychosocial support, and transportation/appointment accompaniment improved all three HIV care outcomes. Data-to-care improved re-engagement and retention but had insufficient evidence for viral suppression.

Conclusion:
Several strategies are effective for improving HIV care outcomes among PWH who are OOC. More work is still needed for consistent definitions of OOC and HIV care outcomes, better reporting of intervention and cost data, and identifying how best to implement and scale-up effective strategies to engage and retain OOC PWH in care and reach the ending the HIV epidemic goals.