bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Soil Carbon Estimates by Linking Conceptual Pools Against Measurable Carbon Fractions in the DAYCENT Model Version 4.5
Authors: Dangal Shree R. S. , Schwalm Christopher , Cavigelli Michel A. , Gollany Hero T. , Jin Virginia L. , Sanderman Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTerrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics play an important but uncertain role in the global carbon (C) cycle. Current modeling efforts to quantify SOC dynamics in response to global environmental changes do not accurately represent the size, distribution and flux of C from the soil. Here, we modified the daily Century (DAYCENT) biogeochemical model by tuning decomposition rates of conceptual SOC pools to match measurable C fraction data, followed by historical and future simulations of SOC dynamics. Results showed that simulations using fraction‐constrained DAYCENT (DCfrac) led to better initialization of SOC stocks and distribution compared to default/SOC‐only‐constrained DAYCENT (DCdef) at long‐term research sites. Regional simulation using DCfrac demonstrated higher SOC stocks for both croplands (34.86 vs. 26.17 MgC ha−1) and grasslands (54.05 vs. 40.82 MgC ha−1) compared to DCdef for the contemporary period (2001–2005 average), which better matched observationally constrained data‐driven maps of current SOC distributions. Projection of SOC dynamics in response to land cover change under a high warming climate showed average absolute SOC loss of 8.44 and 10.43 MgC ha−1 for grasslands and croplands, respectively, using DCfrac whereas, SOC losses were 6.55 and 7.85 MgC ha−1 for grasslands and croplands, respectively, using DCdef. The projected SOC loss using DCfrac was 33% and 29% higher for croplands and grasslands compared to DCdef. Our modeling study demonstrates that initializing SOC pools with measurable C fraction data led to more accurate representation of SOC stocks and distribution of SOC into individual carbon pools resulting in the prediction of greater sensitivity to agricultural intensification and warming.
Gastric cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles elevate E2F7 expression and activate the MAPK/ERK signaling to promote peritoneal metastasis through the delivery of SNHG12
Authors: Zhang Fangbin , Guo Changqing , Cao Xinguang , Yan Yan , Zhang Jinping , Lv Shuai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have extensive application in the formation of their environment, including metastasis. This study explored the ability of gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived EVs-mediated microRNA-129-5p/E2F transcription factor 7/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (miR-129-5p/E2F7/MAPK/ERK) axis to affect the peritoneal metastasis of GC by delivering lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12). EV-derived lncRNA and SNHG12/miR-129-5p/E2F7 network were determined by bioinformatics analysis. The regulatory relationship among SNHG12, miR-129-5p, and E2F7 was verified using a combination of dual-luciferase reporter gene, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. The SNHG12, miR-129-5p, and E2F7 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. After GC cell-derived EVs were isolated and co-cultured with human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), the uptake of EVs by HPMCs was observed under laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the mesothelial–mesenchymal transition (MMT)-related protein expression. The pathological and morphological characteristics of metastatic tumors in nude mice were observed by hematoxylin–eosin staining. A high SNHG12 expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with GC. GC-derived EVs led to increased HPMC apoptosis and MMT by transferring SNHG12, whereas the knockdown of SNHG12 annulled the aforementioned results. SNHG12 sponged miR-129-5p to boost E2F7 expression and activate the MAPK/ERK signaling, thus inducing HPMC apoptosis and MMT. In vivo experiments further verified that EVs derived from GC cells promoted peritoneal metastasis in nude mice. GC cell-derived EVs elevated the E2F7 expression and activated the MAPK/ERK signaling to promote peritoneal metastasis through the delivery of SNHG12.
Teleost swim bladder, an ancient air-filled organ that elicits mucosal immune responses
Authors: Yu Yongyao , Huang Zhenyu , Kong Weiguang , Dong Fen , Zhang Xiaoting , Zhai Xue , Cheng Gaofeng , Zhan Mengting , Cao Jiafeng , Ding Liguo , Han Guangkun , Takizawa Fumio , Ding Yang , Oriol Sunyer J. , Xu Zhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe air-filled organs (AOs) of vertebrates (lungs and swim bladders) have evolved unique functions (air-breathing or buoyancy control in water) to adapt to different environments. Thus far, immune responses to microbes in AOs have been described exclusively in the lungs of tetrapods. Similar to lungs, swim bladders (SBs) represent a mucosal surface, a feature that leads us to hypothesize a role for SB in immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that secretory IgT (sIgT) is the key SB immunoglobulin (Ig) responding to the viral challenge, and the only Ig involved in viral neutralization in that organ. In support of these findings, we found that the viral load of the SB from fish devoid of sIgT was much higher than that of control fish. Interestingly, similar to the lungs in mammals, the SB represents the mucosal surface in fish with the lowest content of microbiota. Moreover, sIgT is the main Ig class found coating their surface, suggesting a key role of this Ig in the homeostasis of the SB microbiota. In addition to the well-established role of SB in buoyancy control, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of teleost SB in adaptive mucosal immune responses upon pathogenic challenge, as well as a previously unidentified role of sIgT in antiviral defense. Overall, our findings indicate that despite the phylogenetic distance and physiological roles of teleost SB and mammalian lungs, they both have evolved analogous mucosal immune responses against microbes which likely originated independently through a process of convergent evolution.
Quantum channel correction outperforming direct transmission
Authors: Slussarenko Sergei , Weston Morgan M. , Shalm Lynden K. , Verma Varun B. , Nam Sae-Woo , Kocsis Sacha , Ralph Timothy C. , Pryde Geoff J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong-distance optical quantum channels are necessarily lossy, leading to errors in transmitted quantum information, entanglement degradation and, ultimately, poor protocol performance. Quantum states carrying information in the channel can be probabilistically amplified to compensate for loss, but are destroyed when amplification fails. Quantum correction of the channel itself is therefore required, but break-even performance—where arbitrary states can be better transmitted through a corrected channel than an uncorrected one—has so far remained out of reach. Here we perform distillation by heralded amplification to improve a noisy entanglement channel. We subsequently employ entanglement swapping to demonstrate that arbitrary quantum information transmission is unconditionally improved—i.e., without relying on postselection or post-processing of data—compared to the uncorrected channel. In this way, it represents realization of a genuine quantum relay. Our channel correction for single-mode quantum states will find use in quantum repeater, communication and metrology applications.
All-optical control of phase singularities using strong light-matter coupling
Authors: Thomas Philip A. , Menghrajani Kishan S. , Barnes William L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrong light-matter coupling occurs when the rate of energy exchange between an electromagnetic mode and a molecular ensemble exceeds competing dissipative processes. The study of strong coupling has been motivated by applications such as lasing and the modification of chemical processes. Here we show that strong coupling can be used to create phase singularities. Many nanophotonic structures have been designed to generate phase singularities for use in sensing and optoelectronics. We utilise the concept of cavity-free strong coupling, where electromagnetic modes sustained by a material are strong enough to strongly couple to the material’s own molecular resonance, to create phase singularities in a simple thin film of organic molecules. We show that the use of photochromic molecules allows for all-optical control of phase singularities. Our results suggest what we believe to be both a new application for strong light-matter coupling and a new, simplified, more versatile means of manipulating phase singularities.
Rigidly flat-foldable class of lockable origami-inspired metamaterials with topological stiff states
Authors: Jamalimehr Amin , Mirzajanzadeh Morad , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid , Pasini Damiano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrigami crease patterns have inspired the design of reconfigurable materials that can transform their shape and properties through folding. Unfortunately, most designs cannot provide load-bearing capacity, and those that can, do so in certain directions but collapse along the direction of deployment, limiting their use as structural materials. Here, we merge notions of kirigami and origami to introduce a rigidly foldable class of cellular metamaterials that can flat-fold and lock into several states that are stiff across multiple directions, including the deployment direction. Our metamaterials rigidly fold with one degree of freedom and can reconfigure into several flat-foldable and spatially-lockable folding paths due to face contact. Locking under compression yields topology and symmetry changes that impart multidirectional stiffness. Additionally, folding paths and mixed-mode configurations can be activated in situ to modulate their properties. Their load-bearing capacity, flat-foldability, and reprogrammability can be harnessed for deployable structures, reconfigurable robots, and low-volume packaging.
Course of post COVID-19 disease symptoms over time in the ComPaRe long COVID prospective e-cohort
Authors: Tran Viet-Thi , Porcher Raphaël , Pane Isabelle , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbout 10% of people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience post COVID-19 disease. We analysed data from 968 adult patients (5350 person-months) with a confirmed infection enroled in the ComPaRe long COVID cohort, a disease prevalent prospective e-cohort of such patients in France. Day-by-day prevalence of post COVID-19 symptoms was determined from patients’ responses to the Long COVID Symptom Tool, a validated self-reported questionnaire assessing 53 symptoms. Among patients symptomatic after 2 months, 85% still reported symptoms one year after their symptom onset. Evolution of symptoms showed a decreasing prevalence over time for 27/53 symptoms (e.g., loss of taste/smell); a stable prevalence over time for 18/53 symptoms (e.g., dyspnoea), and an increasing prevalence over time for 8/53 symptoms (e.g., paraesthesia). The disease impact on patients’ lives began increasing 6 months after onset. Our results are of importance to understand the natural history of post COVID-19 disease.
Dual-gRNA approach with limited off-target effect corrects C9ORF72 repeat expansion in vivo
Authors: Piao Xuejiao , Meng Dawei , Zhang Xue , Song Qiang , Lv Hailong , Jia Yichang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractC9ORF72 GGGGCC repeat expansion is the most common genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, which generates abnormal DNA and RNA structures and produces toxic proteins. Recently, efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing has been proven in treatment of disease. However, DNA low complexity surrounding C9ORF72 expansion increases the off-target risks. Here we provide a dual-gRNA design outside of the low complexity region which enables us to remove the repeat DNA in a ‘cutting-deletion-fusion’ manner with a high fusion efficiency (50%). Our dual-gRNA design limits off-target effect and does not significantly affect C9ORF72 expression. In neurons carrying patient C9ORF72 expansion, our approach removes the repeat DNA and corrects the RNA foci in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that our proof-of-concept design correct C9ORF72 repeat expansion, which may have potential therapeutic value for the patients.
Assessment of the epi-pericardial fibrotic substrate by collagen-targeted probes
Authors: Ezeani Martin , Noor Asif , Donnelly Paul S. , Niego Be’eri , Hagemeyer Christoph E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe identification of the fibrotic arrhythmogenic substrate as a means of improving the diagnosis and prediction of atrial fibrillation has been a focus of research for many years. The relationship between the degree of atrial fibrosis as a major component of atrial cardiomyopathy and the recurrence of arrhythmia after AF ablation can correlate. While the focus in identification and characterisation of this substrate has been centred on the atrial wall and the evaluation of atrial scar and extracellular matrix (ECM) expansion by late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), LGE cannot visualise diffuse fibrosis and diffuse extravasation of gadolinium. The atrial pericardium is a fine avascular fibrous membranous sac that encloses the atrial wall, which can undergo remodelling leading to atrial disease and AF. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to the detection of its fibrocalcification, impact on arrhythmogenesis and, most importantly, on the potential prothrombotic role of epi-pericardial remodelling in generation of emboli. We have recently reported that tracers against collagen I and IV can provide a direct assessment of the ECM, and thus can estimate fibrotic burden with high sensitivity. Here, we show the ability of these optical tracers to identify epi-pericardial fibrosis, as well as to demonstrate subtle interstitial fibrosis of the atrial wall in a mouse model of beta-2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) cardiac overexpression.
Screening and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells
Authors: Wang Guo-Hua , Liang Cheng-Cheng , Li Bing-Zhi , Du Xin-Ze , Zhang Wen-Zhen , Cheng Gong , Zan Lin-Sen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accuracy of sixteen commonly used internal reference genes was assessed in skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells of Qinchuan cattle at different stages of proliferation and induction of differentiation to determine the most suitable ones. Quantitative real-time PCR and three commonly used algorithmic programs, GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, were used to evaluate the stability of expression of the candidate internal reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, PPIA, LRP10, HPRT1, YWHAZ, B2M, TBP, EIF3K , RPS9, UXT, 18S rRNA, RPLP0, MARVELD, EMD and RPS15A) in skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of growth and after differentiation for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. The expression of two satellite cell marker genes, CCNA2 and MYF5, was used for validation analysis. The results of the software analyses showed that GAPDH and RPS15A were the most stable reference gene combinations during in vitro proliferation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells, RPS15A and RPS9 were the most stable reference gene combinations during in vitro induction of differentiation of the cells, and PPIA was the least stable reference gene during proliferation and differentiation and was not recommended. This study lays the foundation for the selection of reference genes for qRT-PCR during the proliferation and induction of differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells.
Clinical characteristics and survival in patients with heart failure experiencing in hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Aune Emma , McMurray John , Lundgren Peter , Sattar Naveed , Israelsson Johan , Nordberg Per , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn patients with heart failure (HF) who suffered in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), little is known about the characteristics, survival and neurological outcome. We used the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to study this, including patients aged ≥ 18 years suffering IHCA (2008–2019), categorised as HF alone, HF with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), AMI alone, or other. Odds ratios (OR) for 30-day survival, trends in 30-day survival, and the implication of HF phenotype was studied. 6378 patients had HF alone, 2111 had HF with AMI, 4210 had AMI alone. Crude 5-year survival was 9.6% for HF alone, 12.9% for HF with AMI and 34.6% for AMI alone. The 5-year survival was 7.9% for patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%, 15.4% for LVEF < 40% and 12.3% for LVEF 40–49%. Compared with AMI alone, adjusted OR (95% CI) for 30-day survival was 0.66 (0.60–0.74) for HF alone, and 0.49 (0.43–0.57) for HF with AMI. OR for 30-day survival in 2017–2019 compared with 2008–2010 were 1.55 (1.24–1.93) for AMI alone, 1.37 (1.00–1.87) for HF with AMI and 1.30 (1.07–1.58) for HF alone. Survivors with HF had good neurological outcome in 92% of cases.
Metasurface magnetless specular isolator
Authors: Lavigne Guillaume , Kodera Toshiro , Caloz Christophe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a (nongyrotropic) metasurface magnetless specular isolator. This device reflects as a mirror a wave incident under a specified angle in one direction and absorbs it in the opposite direction. The metasurface is synthesized in terms of bianisotropic susceptibility tensors, whose nonreciprocity resides in normal components and exhibits a hybrid electric, magneto-electric nature. The metaparticle is implemented in the form of a U-shaped conducting structure loaded by a transistor. The operation principle of the specular isolator is demonstrated by both full-wave simulation and experiment, with isolation levels reaching 41 and 38 dB respectively. This system represents the first realization of a metasurface involving nonreciprocal normal susceptibilities and features a previously unreported type of nonreciprocity.
Anxiety symptoms, rule learning, and cognitive flexibility in non-clinical psychosis
Authors: Park Jadyn S. , Damme Katherine S. F. , Kuhney Franchesca S. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndividuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) represent a critical group for improving the understanding of vulnerability factors across the psychosis continuum. A growing body of literature has identified functional deficits associated with PLEs. However, it is unclear if such deficits purely reveal the underlying psychosis vulnerability or if they are also linked with comorbid anxiety symptoms. Although anxiety disorders are often associated with impairments in psychosis-risk, symptoms of anxiety may facilitate executive functioning in certain psychosis groups. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences was completed to assess psychosis-like symptoms in a total of 57 individuals, and its median score was used to categorize PLE groups (high-PLE = 24, low-PLE = 33). Anxiety symptoms were measured via the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and cognitive flexibility was measured by the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test. The high-PLE group endorsed more anxiety symptoms, demonstrated poorer accuracy and efficiency on the cognitive task, and made more perseverative errors compared to the low-PLE group. Within the high-PLE group, higher levels of anxiety symptoms were associated with better performance and less perseverative errors compared to individuals with lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Conversely, greater anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer performance in the low-PLE group. Taken together, these findings provide a preliminary support for a potential psychosis vulnerability × anxiety symptom interaction. Given the interest in the psychosis continuum and potential treatment implications, the present findings warrant replication efforts.
Winter torpor expression varies in four bat species with differential susceptibility to white-nose syndrome
Authors: Jackson Reilly T. , Willcox Emma V. , Bernard Riley F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies examining the overwintering behaviors of North American hibernating bats are limited to a handful of species. We deployed temperature-sensitive transmitters on four species of bat that exhibit differences in their susceptibility to white nose syndrome (WNS;Myotis grisescens,M. leibii,M. sodalis,andPerimyotis subflavus) to determine if these differences are correlated with behavior exhibited during hibernation (i.e., torpor expression and arousal frequency). Mean torpor skin temperature (Tsk) and torpor bout duration varied significantly among species (P ≤ 0.024), but arousal Tskand duration did not (P ≥ 0.057). One of the species with low susceptibility to WNS,M. leibii, had significantly shorter torpor bout durations (37.67 ± 26.89 h) thanM. sodalis(260.67 ± 41.33 h), the species with medium susceptibility to WNS.Myotis leibiialso had significantly higher torpor Tsk(18.57 °C ± 0.20) thanM. grisescens(13.33 °C ± 0.60), a second species with low WNS susceptibility. The high susceptibility species,Perimyotis subflavus,exhibited low torpor Tsk(14.42 °C ± 0.36) but short torpor bouts (72.36 ± 32.16 h). We demonstrate that the four cavernicolous species examined exhibit a wide range in torpid skin temperature and torpor bout duration. Information from this study may improve WNS management in multispecies hibernacula or individual species management by providing insight into how some species may differ in their techniques for overwinter survival.
Impact of intradialytic fiber clotting on dialyzer extraction and solute removal: a randomized cross-over study
Authors: Vanommeslaeghe Floris , Josipovic Iván , Boone Matthieu , Van Biesen Wim , Eloot Sunny 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies revealed the importance of biocompatibility, anticoagulation strategy, and dialysis mode and duration on fiber blocking at the end of a hemodialysis session. The present study was set up in ten hemodialysis patients to relate fiber patency to dialyzer extraction and removal of small and middle molecules. With only 1/4th of the regular anticoagulation dose, and using a Solacea 19H and FX800 CorDiax dialyzer, fiber patency was quantified using 3D micro-CT scanning for different dialysis durations (i.e. 60, 120 and 240 min). While Solacea showed enhanced fiber patency in all test sessions, fiber blocking in the FX800 CorDiax did not follow a linear process during dialysis, but was rather accelerated near the end of dialysis. Dialyzer extraction ratios were correlated with the percentages of open fibers. While the fiber blocking process affected extraction ratios (i.e. for phosphorus and myoglobin in the FX800 CorDiax), it had only minor impact on the removal of toxins up to at least 12 kDa.