bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Sustainability of Irrigation‐Dependent Ecosystem Services Under Growing Water Scarcity. Insights From the Reno River in Italy
Authors: Pérez‐Blanco C. Dionisio , Sapino Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs water scarcity grows, irrigators are adopting modern irrigation systems to increase the proportion of water use consumed by crops and mitigate impacts on production. This increased beneficial consumption is fundamentally sourced by lower return flows‐runoff and percolation‐back into the environment, which are critical to sustain wetlands and other irrigation‐dependent green infrastructures that supply valuable ecosystem services. We adopt an innovative multi‐model ensemble of mathematical programming models to assess irrigators' responses to pecuniary compensations designed to sustain irrigation‐dependent ecosystem services (Payments for Watershed Services‐PWS), under multiple scenarios. The upshot is a database of forecasts that represents the range of plausible future states, which is used to assess economic performance and identify a robust adaptation strategy to growing scarcity. Our analysis of the Reno River Land Reclamation and Irrigation Board in NE Italy shows that, under most models and scenarios, the conservationist strategy has a superior economic performance than the autonomous adaptation strategy where modern irrigation systems are adopted. The conservationist strategy is also found more robust than the autonomous strategy. However, unless sensible incentives are put in place, irrigators may adopt irrigation technologies nonetheless. Under mild to moderate climate change scenarios, removing existing subsidies to modern irrigation systems is sufficient to deter their adoption. Under severe climate change scenarios, additional PWS to irrigators will be necessary to ensure the sustainability of irrigation‐dependent ecosystem services.
First Chinese ultraviolet–visible hyperspectral satellite instrument implicating global air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020
Authors: Liu Cheng , Hu Qihou , Zhang Chengxin , Xia Congzi , Yin Hao , Su Wenjing , Wang Xiaohan , Xu Yizhou , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide imposed lockdown measures in early 2020, resulting in notable reductions in air pollutant emissions. The changes in air quality during the pandemic have been investigated in numerous studies via satellite observations. Nevertheless, no relevant research has been gathered using Chinese satellite instruments, because the poor spectral quality makes it extremely difficult to retrieve data from the spectra of the Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI), the first Chinese satellite-based ultraviolet–visible spectrometer monitoring air pollutants. However, through a series of remote sensing algorithm optimizations from spectral calibration to retrieval, we successfully retrieved global gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO), from EMI during the pandemic. The abrupt drop in NO2 successfully captured the time for each city when effective measures were implemented to prevent the spread of the pandemic, for example, in January 2020 in Chinese cities, February in Seoul, and March in Tokyo and various cities across Europe and America. Furthermore, significant decreases in HCHO in Wuhan, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Seoul indicated that the majority of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions were anthropogenic. Contrastingly, the lack of evident reduction in Beijing and New Delhi suggested dominant natural sources of VOCs. By comparing the relative variation of NO2 to gross domestic product (GDP), we found that the COVID-19 pandemic had more influence on the secondary industry in China, while on the primary and tertiary industries in Korea and the countries across Europe and America.
Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of the MbnBC holoenzyme required for methanobactin biosynthesis
Authors: Dou Chao , Long Zhaolin , Li Shoujie , Zhou Dan , Jin Ying , Zhang Li , Zhang Xuan , Zheng Yanhui , Li Lin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Liu Zheng , He Siyu , Yan Weizhu , Yang Lulu , Xiong Jie , Fu Xianghui , Qi Shiqian , Ren Haiyan , Chen She , Dai Lunzhi , Wang Binju , Cheng Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethanobactins (Mbns) are a family of copper-binding peptides involved in copper uptake by methanotrophs, and are potential therapeutic agents for treating diseases characterized by disordered copper accumulation. Mbns are produced via modification of MbnA precursor peptides at cysteine residues catalyzed by the core biosynthetic machinery containing MbnB, an iron-dependent enzyme, and MbnC. However, mechanistic details underlying the catalysis of the MbnBC holoenzyme remain unclear. Here, we present crystal structures of MbnABC complexes from two distinct species, revealing that the leader peptide of the substrate MbnA binds MbnC for recruitment of the MbnBC holoenzyme, while the core peptide of MbnA resides in the catalytic cavity created by the MbnB–MbnC interaction which harbors a unique tri-iron cluster. Ligation of the substrate sulfhydryl group to the tri-iron center achieves a dioxygen-dependent reaction for oxazolone-thioamide installation. Structural analysis of the MbnABC complexes together with functional investigation of MbnB variants identified a conserved catalytic aspartate residue as a general base required for MbnBC-mediated MbnA modification. Together, our study reveals the similar architecture and function of MbnBC complexes from different species, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved catalytic mechanism of the MbnBC holoenzymes.
Organocatalytic cycloaddition of alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes for atroposelective construction of indole-based biaryls
Authors: Yang Hui , Sun Huai-Ri , He Rui-Qing , Yu Le , Hu Wei , Chen Jie , Yang Sen , Zhang Gong-Gu , Zhou Ling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe axially chiral indole-aryl motifs are present in natural products and biologically active compounds as well as in chiral ligands. Atroposelective indole formation is an efficient method to construct indole-based biaryls. We report herein the result of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of 3-alkynylindoles with azonaphthalenes. A class of indole-based biaryls were prepared efficiently with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99% ee). Control experiment and DFT calculations illustrate a possible mechanism in which the reaction proceeds via a dearomatization of indole to generate an allene-iminium intermediate, followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. This approach provides a convergent synthetic strategy for enantioselective construction of axially chiral heterobiaryl backbones.
Disparities in diabetes-related avoidable hospitalization among diabetes patients with disability using a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Youn Hin Moi , Choi Dong-Woo , Jang Sung-In , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiabetes is an ambulatory care sensitive condition that quality of care can prevent complications development and hospitalization needs. However, diabetes patients with disability face greater challenges with receiving quality diabetes care than those without disabilities. This study examined diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations (DRAH) focusing on the association with disability. We used nationally representative health insurance cohort data from 2002 to 2013. The study population is people who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We measured the cumulated number of DRAH using the Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs). The variables of interest were disability severity and type. We performed a recurrent events analysis using Cox proportional hazard regression model. Among 49,410 type 2 diabetes patients, 12,231 (24.8%) experienced DRAHs at least once during the follow-up period. Among the total population, 5924 (12.0%) diabetes patients were registered as disabled. The findings report that disability severity was significantly associated with higher risks for DRAH, where severely disabled diabetes patients showed the highest hazard ratio of 2.24 (95% CI 1.80–2.79). Among three DRAH indicators, severely disabled diabetes patients showed increased risks for long-term (AHR 2.21, 95% CI 1.89–2.60) and uncontrolled (AHR 2.28, 95% CI 1.80–2.88) DRAH. In addition, intellectual (AHR 5.52, 95% CI 3.78–8.05) and mental (AHR 3.97, 95% CI 2.29–6.89) disability showed higher risks than other types of disability. In conclusion, diabetes patients with disability are at higher risk for DRAH compared to those without disabilities, and those with intellectual and mental disabilities were more likely to experience DRAH compared to those with physical or other types of disability. These findings call for action to find the more appropriate interventions to improve targeted diabetes primary care for patients with disability. Further research is needed to better understand determinants of increasing risks of DRAH.
Dynamics of ethylene glycol-based graphene and molybdenum disulfide hybrid nanofluid over a stretchable surface with slip conditions
Authors: Hussain Syed M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this research study, numerical and statistical explorations are accomplished to capture the flow features of the dynamics of ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretchable sheet with velocity and thermal slip conditions. Physical insight of viscous dissipation, heat absorption and thermal radiation on the flow-field is scrutinized by dissolving the nanoparticles of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphene into ethylene glycol. The governing mathematical model is transformed into the system of similarity equations by utilizing the apt similarity variables. The numerical solution of resulting similarity equations with associated conditions are obtained employing three-stages Lobatto-IIIa-bvp4c-solver based on a finite difference scheme in MATLAB. The effects of emerging flow parameters on the flow-field are enumerated through various graphical and tabulated results. Additionally, to comprehend the connection between heat transport rate and emerging flow parameters, a quadratic regression approximation analysis on the numerical entities of local Nusselt numbers and skin friction coefficients is accomplished. The findings disclose that the suction and thermal radiation have an adverse influence on the skin friction coefficients and heat transport rate. Further, a slight augmentation in the thermal slip factor causes a considerable variation in the heat transport rate in comparison to the radiation effect.
Dynamic Bayesian networks for prediction of health status and treatment effect in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ladyzynski Piotr , Molik Maria , Foltynski Piotr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood cancer in adults. The course of CLL and patients' response to treatment are varied. This variability makes it difficult to select the most appropriate treatment regimen and predict the progression of the disease. This work was aimed at developing and validating dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to predict changes of the health status of patients with CLL and progression of the disease over time. Two DBNs were developed and implemented i.e. Health Status Network (HSN) and Treatment Effect Network (TEN). Based on the literature data and expert knowledge we identified relationships linking the most important factors influencing the health status and treatment effects in patients with CLL. The developed networks, and in particular TEN, were able to predict probability of survival in patients with CLL, which was in line with the survival data collected in large medical registries. The networks can be used to personalize the predictions, taking into account a priori knowledge concerning a particular patient with CLL. The proposed approach can serve as a basis for the development of artificial intelligence systems that facilitate the choice of treatment that maximizes the chances of survival in patients with CLL.
Species delimitation and mitonuclear discordance within a species complex of biting midges
Authors: Shults Phillip , Hopken Matthew , Eyer Pierre-Andre , Blumenfeld Alexander , Mateos Mariana , Cohnstaedt Lee W. , Vargo Edward L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe inability to distinguish between species can be a serious problem in groups responsible for pathogen transmission. Culicoides biting midges transmit many pathogenic agents infecting wildlife and livestock. In North America, the C. variipennis species complex contains three currently recognized species, only one of which is a known vector, but limited species-specific characters have hindered vector surveillance. Here, genomic data were used to investigate population structure and genetic differentiation within this species complex. Single nucleotide polymorphism data were generated for 206 individuals originating from 17 locations throughout the United States and Canada. Clustering analyses suggest the occurrence of two additional cryptic species within this complex. All five species were significantly differentiated in both sympatry and allopatry. Evidence of hybridization was detected in three different species pairings indicating incomplete reproductive isolation. Additionally, COI sequences were used to identify the hybrid parentage of these individuals, which illuminated discordance between the divergence of the mitochondrial and nuclear datasets.
Perceptual judgments for the softness of materials under indentation
Authors: Ujitoko Yusuke , Kawabe Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHumans can judge the softness of elastic materials through only visual cues. However, factors contributing to the judgment of visual softness are not yet fully understood. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to determine which factors and motion features contribute to the apparent softness of materials. Observers watched video clips in which materials were indented from the top surface to a certain depth, and reported the apparent softness of the materials. The depth and speed of indentation were systematically manipulated. As physical characteristics of materials, compliance was also controlled. It was found that higher indentation speeds resulted in larger softness rating scores and the variation with the indentation speed was successfully explained by the image motion speed. The indentation depth had a powerful effect on the softness rating scores and the variation with the indentation depth was consistently explained by motion features related to overall deformation. Higher material compliance resulted in higher softness rating scores and these variation with the material compliance can be explained also by overall deformation. We conclude that the brain makes visual judgments about the softness of materials under indentation on the basis of the motion speed and deformation magnitude.
Transcriptome of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in response to 2B protein of enterovirus-A71
Authors: Suanpan Kittisak , Srimanote Potjanee , Tongtawe Pongsri , Khantisitthiporn Onruedee , Supasorn Oratai , Rattanakomol Patthaya , Thanongsaksrikul Jeeraphong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfection with enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) can cause hand-foot-mouth disease associated with fatal neurological complications. The host response to EV-A71 has not yet been fully elucidated, thus, hampering the development of a precise therapeutic approach. A nonstructural 2B protein of EV-A71 has been reported to involve with calcium dysregulation and apoptosis induction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. However, the molecular mechanism has not been delineated. To address this, comprehensive study of the gene expression from SH-SY5Y cells transfected with EV-A71 2B was carried out by RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. It was found that the signature of the upregulated genes of SH-SY5Y cells expressing EV-A71 2B involved the Ca2+-related signaling pathways participating gene expression, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and long-term potentiation of the neuron. Protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that the products encoded by CCL2, RELB, BIRC3, and TNFRSF9 were the most significant hub proteins in the network. It indicated that EV-A71 2B protein might play a role in immunopathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) which probably associated with the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. The data suggest that transcriptomic profiling can provide novel information source for studying the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection leading to development of an effective therapeutic measure for CNS complications.
Novel Likely Pathogenic Variant in the A3 Domain of von Willebrand Factor Leading to a Collagen-Binding Defect
Authors: Fels Salome , Boeckelmann Doris , Glonnegger Hannah , Büchsel Martin , Zieger Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most prevalent congenital bleeding disorder. Diagnosis and classification of VWD is complex due to its heterogeneity regarding clinical manifestations and molecular genetic analysis. Genetic investigations became an inherent part of diagnosis and help distinguish different types/subtypes of VWD. Although many variants have been listed being causative for VWD, the genetic etiology remains undefined in a lot of patients. We report about two siblings with severely reduced values for von Willebrand factor collagen-binding activity (VWF:CB). Genetic analysis using panel sequencing identified a heterozygous non-synonymous single nucleotide variant in exon 30. At the protein level, the alteration (p.Ser1731Leu) is located in the A3 collagen-binding domain. The amino acid position is already known to be important for collagen binding because p.Ser1731Thr has been reported to affect the VWF:CB.
Shock Index in COVID Era
Authors: Dey Souvik , Magoon Rohan , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand , ItiShri ItiShri , Walian Ashish 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe health care burden and risks to health care workers imposed by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mandated the need for a simple, noninvasive, objective, and parsimonious risk stratification system predicting the level of care, need for definitive airway, and titration of the ongoing patient care. Shock index (SI = heart rate/systolic blood pressure) has been evaluated in emergency triage, sepsis, and trauma settings including different age group of patients. The ever accumulating girth of evidences demonstrated a superior predictive value of SI over other hemodynamic parameters. Inclusion of respiratory and/or neurological parameters and adjustment of the cutoffs appropriate to patient age increase the predictability in the trauma and sepsis scenario. Being reproducible, dynamic, and simple, SI can be a valuable patient risk stratification tool in this ongoing era of COVID-19 pandemic.
Acute Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva into Right Atrium: An Echocardiographic Halftone
Authors: Makhija Neeti , Das Devishree , Agarwal Sumit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA ruptured sinus of Valsalva is a rare and emergent cardiac abnormality, which can be acute and rapidly expanding to cause hemodynamic deterioration. Rupturing into right-sided heart chambers causes severe left-to-right shunt and sudden volume overload. Echocardiography especially transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard facility for early perioperative diagnosis and also to guide surgical technique. Medical stabilization followed by prompt surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.We hereby report a case of sinus of Valsalva rupturing into right atrium leading to severe left-to-right shunt and the role of TEE in its perioperative management.
Use of Corticosteroids in Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation: Integrative Review
Authors: Fortes Isadora Macedo Lins Parentes , Junior João Renato Bennini 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To review data on the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of fetuses with high-risk congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation (CPAM).
Methods Integrative review based on the literature available on MEDLINE and LILACS, including articles published until November, 2020.
Results The initial search resulted in 87 articles, 4 of which were selected for analysis, with all of them being retrospective descriptive observational studies. In the group of fetuses that received only a single corticosteroid cycle, the hydrops resolution rate was 70%, and the survival rate was 83.8%. In fetuses treated with 2 or more cycles of corticosteroids, there was an improvement in the condition of hydrops or edema in a single body compartment in 47%, and survival of 81.8% of the fetuses.
Conclusion The use of corticosteroids for the prenatal treatment of high-risk CPAM appears to be associated with an improvement in perinatal outcomes.
Minimally Neural Retractive, Total Annular Resection, Transforaminal Endoscopic (TARTE) Approach for Severely Canal Compromising Lumbar Disk Herniation Accompanied by a Neurologic Deficit
Authors: Kim Hyeun Sung , Kim Ji Yeon , Lee Yeon Jin , Lee Jun Hyung , Jang Il-Tae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Treatment of severely canal compromising lumbar disk herniations (LDH), occupying more than 50% of the canal area, are associated with technical difficulty and worse outcomes. This study aimed to describe new techniques of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (TELD) with less neural retraction, and total annular resection for broad-based severely canal compromising disk herniation. We also evaluated the feasibility and safety of the techniques, and analyzed the clinical and radiologic outcomes of 32 patients presenting with neurologic deficits.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed with 32 consecutive patients who underwent TELD for broad-based severely canal compromising LDH between January 2018 and January 2020. We removed the LDH using two novel techniques: (1) the “mobile outside-in” approach and total annular resection method and (2) internal decompression and subsequent pushdown method of the migrated fragment. The cross-sectional area (CSA) on magnetic resonance image was evaluated preoperatively and compared with the postoperative image within 7 days and between 6 months and 1 year. The visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), MacNab's criteria, and motor power of the involved lower extremities were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.
Results A total of 32 patients, with an average age of 37.5 years (range: 17–66), underwent surgery. The mean VAS score for back pain improved from 7.84 ± 1.02 to 1.31 ± 0.54 and the ODI score improved from 74.3 ± 7.82 to 20.4 ± 3.71 at final follow-up. According to MacNab's criteria, 23 patients had excellent and 9 patients had good outcomes at final follow-up. All patients operated on at the L4–L5 level had great toe/ankle dorsiflexion and/or ankle plantar flexion weakness; knee extension weakness was found at the L2–L3 and L3–L4 levels. Motor function improved significantly; the mean values and range preoperatively, and at 1 month, 3 months, and final follow-up, were 3.41 ± 0.95 (1–4), 4.56 ± 0.56 (3–5), 4.88 ± 0.34 (4–5), and 4.97 ± 0.18 (4–5), respectively (p < 0.001, at all follow-up). The mean values and range of the preserved CSA proportion, preoperatively and within 1 week after surgery, and at final follow-up were 34.9 ± 10.9 (15–61), 81.06 ± 10.24 (63–97), and 93.03 ± 5.37 (76–99), respectively (p < 0.001, at all follow-up).
Conclusion The transforaminal endoscopic approach for broad-based severely canal compromising LDH can be considered a feasible surgical option for an experienced surgeon. With total annular resection and pushdown of migrated fragments, safe and complete removal of LDH was possible in patients with a neurologic deficit. Total annular resection may increase the overall but not the early recurrence rate.