bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterpoint: Integration of Molecular Subtype and Histotype/Grade Into One Classification System for Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Köbel Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The establishment of 4 endometrial carcinoma molecular subtypes by The Cancer Genome Atlas project and their surrogates (POLE mutated, mismatch repair–deficient, p53 abnormal, and no specific molecular profile) invigorated a debate on how to integrate these within the traditional histotype/grade classification. Specific issues of contradicting histotype/grade and molecular subtype diagnoses will be discussed with illustrated examples. The hierarchy of histotype/grade and molecular subtype is interdependent. Pathologists should aim to integrate histotypes/grades and molecular subtypes to provide one consistent and clinically relevant diagnosis.
Longitudinal outpatient and school-based service utilization among children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Peck Connor J. , Junn Alexandra , Park Kitae E. , Khetpal Sumun , Cabrejo Raysa , Singh Anusha , Mayes Linda , Alperovich Michael , Persing John 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
While non-syndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) has been associated with neurodevelopmental sequalae, a lesser amount of emphasis has been placed on the need for related supportive services. This study assessed the prevalence of such services among children surgically treated for NSC, and identified predictors of service use.

Methods:
Parents of children with NSC were recruited from an online craniosynostosis support network and surveyed regarding their child’s use of various outpatient and school-based services. Multiple stepwise regression was performed to identify predictive variables for each type of intervention.

Results:
A total of 100 surveys were completed. Of these, 45% of parents reported use of one or more outpatient support services for their children. The most commonly utilized services were speech therapy (26.0%) and physical therapy (22.0%), although the use of services such as psychology/psychiatry increased among older children (18.2% in children ages 6-10). Among school-age children (n=49), the majority of parents (65.3%) reported school-based assistance for their children, most commonly for academic (46.9%) or behavioral (42.9%) difficulties. Significant predictive variables (p<0.05 following stepwise regression) for increases in various outpatient and school-based services included male sex, African-American race/ethnicity, higher parental income, the presence of siblings in the household, increased age at time of surgery, and sagittal synostosis.

Conclusions:
Parents of children with NSC reported frequent utilization of outpatient and school-based supportive services throughout childhood. These services may incur a significant burden of care families. The multifactorial nature of predictive models highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration to address each child’s longitudinal needs.
A Randomized Trial to Assess Effectiveness and Safety of a Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Chin Augmentation and Correction of Chin Retrusion
Authors: Marcus Keith , Moradi Amir , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Ablon Glynis , Donofrio Lisa , Chapas Anne , Kazin Rebecca , Rivkin Alexander , Rohrich Rod , Weiss Robert , George Rosalyn 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The chin is important for facial appearance, affecting overall balance and harmony of the face.

Objective:
To evaluate effectiveness of hyaluronic acid filler Restylane Defyne (HARD) for chin augmentation and correction of chin retrusion versus a no-treatment control.

Methods & Materials:
Male and female subjects, ≥22 years, with mild to moderate chin retrusion, were randomized 3:1 to HARD (n=107) or no treatment (n=33). Assessments included live, blinded evaluations on a validated chin retrusion scale, GCRS, aesthetic improvement (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale), subject-reported FACE-Q© Satisfaction with Chin, and safety follow-up.

Results:
GCRS responder rate (≥1 grade improvement) was higher for HARD (81%) than control (6%) (p<0.001) at Week 12, and remained higher at Week 48 (74% vs. 11%; p<0.001). Aesthetic improvement rates were high throughout the study as reported by investigators (≥96%) and subjects (≥85%). Subject satisfaction was higher in HARD than control at Week 12 (p<0.001). In the individual FACE-Q© scale items, 87%-98% of subjects were satisfied at Week 12. Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate.

Conclusion:
HARD was safe and effective for augmentation of the chin region to improve the chin profile and associated with high aesthetic improvement and subject satisfaction. Effectiveness was sustained throughout 48 weeks.
The Usefullness of Subclavian Artery Ultrasound Assessment in Giant Cell Arteritis Evaluation
Authors: Oshinsky Charles , Bays Alison M. , Sacksen Ingeborg , Jernberg Elizabeth , Zierler R. Eugene , Pollock P. Scott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Vascular ultrasound has been increasingly used to diagnose giant cell arteritis (GCA). The temporal and axillary arteries are commonly evaluated. However, the usefulness of including the subclavian artery remains unclear. This study investigated whether inclusion of the subclavian artery in addition to the temporal and axillary arteries in the ultrasound evaluation of GCA improves the accuracy of the examination beyond ultrasonography of the temporal and axillary arteries alone.

Methods
We formed a fast-track clinic to use ultrasound to rapidly evaluate patients with suspected GCA. In this cohort study, patients referred for new concern for GCA received a vascular ultrasound for GCA. Subclavian intima-media thickness (IMT) cutoffs of 1.0 and 1.5 mm were retrospectively assessed.

Results
Two hundred thirty-seven patients were referred to the fast-track clinic from November 2017 to August 2021. One hundred sixty-eight patients received an ultrasound for concern for new GCA. With a subclavian IMT cutoff of 1.5 mm, inclusion of the subclavian artery did not identify any patients with GCA who were not otherwise found to have positive temporal and/or axillary artery examinations, and at this cutoff, there was 1 false-positive result. A subclavian IMT cutoff of 1.0 mm identified several subjects diagnosed with GCA who had otherwise negative ultrasounds, but most subjects with an isolated subclavian IMT greater than 1.0 mm had false-positive results, and the specificity of this cutoff was poor.

Conclusion
Inclusion of the subclavian artery in the ultrasound assessment of GCA at 2 different cutoffs rarely contributed to the accurate diagnosis of GCA and increased the rate of false-positive results.
Astragaloside IV ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via upregulation of PKA and Cx36
Authors: Yu Li , Wang Yuting , Tang Jingxue , Shu Zhaorui , Han Xian 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
To determine the effects of astragaloside IV on cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats and to explore underlying mechanisms of brain protection.

Methods
Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: Sham, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R group), I/R+astragaloside IV (I/R+AST-IV group) and I/R+astragaloside IV+PKA kinase inhibitor H-89 (I/R+AST-IV+H-89 group). All I/R rats were subjected to 2 h cerebral ischemia, followed by 24 h reperfusion and scored for neurobehavior. Cerebral infarct volume, pathomorphological changes and brain apoptosis, in addition to changes in expression of Cx36, PKA, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, were assessed.

Results
Astragaloside IV treatment reduced neurobehavioral score and percentage volume of cerebral infarct, reducing pathomorphological injury and brain apoptosis. Expressions of Cx36 and PKA protein were increased and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased. All astragaloside IV effects were reversed by the PKA inhibitor and H-89.

Conclusions
Astragaloside IV attenuated cerebral I/R injury in rats by increasing Cx36 and PKA protein expression and reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Multiple needs and multiple treatments. What's a clinician to do? Update on the psychosocial treatment of disruptive behaviours in childhood
Authors: Andrade Brendan F. , Aitken Madison , Brodkin Sabrina , Sawrikar Vilas 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
There are a wide range of psychosocial treatment options, delivered in different modalities, for children with disruptive behaviour. However, clinicians face many challenges in ensuring the empirically supported treatments (ESTs) they select will be effective for their patient. This has prompted studies to generate knowledge on how to improve treatment outcomes for children with disruptive behaviour. This review identifies the major challenges in treatment selection as well as emerging research seeking to improve outcomes.

Recent findings
This review emphasizes the salience of the research-practice gap associated with establishing ESTs using narrow definitions of clinical problems. Recent research is reviewed considering the complex determinants of disruptive behaviours, including parent and family factors that influence outcomes. The review subsequently outlines recent advances in research and clinical practice guidelines aiming to surmount these challenges. Key advances discussed include examining the most impactful components of ESTs, personalizing interventions by targeting core dysfunction underlying behaviour, and addressing parent factors including mental health and cultural relevance to improve outcomes.

Summary
Thorough assessment of patients’ needs, combined with knowledge of treatment response predictors, are recommended to determine the most suitable treatment plan. Recent advances have focused on developing and designing interventions that meet needs in a way that is flexible and tailored.
Sibling Variation in Phenotype and Genotype: Polygenic Trait Distributions and DNA Recombination Mapping with UK Biobank and IVF Family Data
Authors: Lello Louis , Hsu Maximus , Widen Erik , Raben Timothy G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe use UK Biobank and a unique IVF family dataset (including genotyped embryos) to investigate sibling variation in both phenotype and genotype. We compare phenotype (disease status, height, blood biomarkers) and genotype (polygenic scores, polygenic health index) distributions among siblings to those in the general population. As expected, the between-siblings standard deviation in polygenic scores is times smaller than in the general population, but variation is still significant. As previously demonstrated, this allows for substantial benefit from polygenic screening in IVF. Differences in sibling genotypes result from distinct recombination patterns in sexual reproduction. We develop a novel sibling-pair method for detection of recombination breaks via statistical discontinuities. The new method is used to construct a dataset of 1.44 million recombination events which may be useful in further study of meiosis.
A leap to non-communicable diseases epidemic in Burundi: overall trends of the disproportionate burden
Authors: Niyukuri David , Nyandwi Joseph , Kamatari Olivier , Uwizeyimana Canesius , Mikaza Chamy , Barengayabo Mediatrice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn developing countries, Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing relentlessly. A recent review in East African Community countries showed that much need to be done to improve in prevention of risk factors, monitoring, surveillance, governance, and evaluation of health systems to tackle NCDs. In Burundi, there is no study which has been conducted to give an overview on status of NCDs and their risks factors. We conducted a review on estimations of some NCDs statistics and pooled the data of NCDs and associated risk factors, together with data available on cancer for Burundi. A descriptive analysis was performed, and statistical test was conducted to check distribution differences of the NCDs burden between male and female populations. We built linear model for diabetes and hypertension with same predictors (blood pressure, body-mass index, and cholesterol). Overall, data pooled in different studies showed that almost all the NCDs and associated risk factors have an increasing trend in Burundi among male and female populations. Adult men and women are at high risk of developing diabetes and hypertension. Although both female and male populations have an increasing trend of obesity, women, girls between 5 and 10 years, and adolescent girls are carrying the highest burden compared to their male counterpart with same age categories. The data showed that obesity has been sharply increasing among children and adolescents in the last two decades. Cancer is also increasing with a lot of new types being diagnosed. We conclude that, NCDs are of a lot of concerns in male and female populations in Burundi. The prevalence of obesity among younger children and adolescent is alarming. There is a need of actions to be done in order to be able to prevent and manage NCDs, but interventions targeting children, adolescents, and women should be put in place urgently.
Use of nudge techniques in General practice (GP) to promote HPV vaccination among parents of boys aged 11-14 years: effectiveness and acceptability
Authors: Barbaroux Adriaan , Chanzy Morgane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundA nudge is any procedure that modifies and/or influences the architecture of a choice, without using persuasion or financial incentives. It is commonly referred to as a “psychological nudge”. Nudges are effective in promoting public health issues such as HPV vaccination. Several systematic reviews of the literature place nudges among the most promising interventions for increasing vaccination coverage.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a nudge towards HPV vaccination based on the proposal of a consultation appointment to the parents of boys aged 11 to 14 years in the patient base of two general practitioners. The secondary objective is to evaluate the role of the feeling of control in this acceptability.MethodsParticipants were divided into two parallel experimental arms: a nudge group and a non-nudge group. The procedure used was a simple randomization of the parents of boys aged 11-14 years into two groups in the general practitioner’s practice. The study was conducted in two phases and took the form of a proposed appointment at the private practice of the participants in the nudged group. A questionnaire was administered to the participants in both groups one month after these appointments, asking them about their vaccination status regarding HPV vaccination, their acceptability of the nudge and their feeling of control in this procedure.ResultsThe analysis was carried out on 32 participants in each of the two groups. The nudge was significantly effective in terms of vaccination coverage. Similar acceptability was found in both groups. The absence of a feeling of control was noted.ConclusionThis study shows that the prevalence of a vaccination can be significantly modified by a nudge. This study did not show a significant difference in the acceptability of the nudge in the two groups. However, the acceptability of the nudge is significant in both groups. The literature shows good external consistency across different populations in France. This could mean that the French population is predominantly pro-nudge. Thus, a nudge deemed acceptable by the participants is not necessarily ethical, and may insidiously implant an idea. The ethical approach to nudges before their implementation is therefore essential.
Antibody avidity maturation favors SARS-CoV-2 convalescents over vaccinated individuals granting breadth in neutralizability and tolerance against variants
Authors: Nakagama Yu , Candray Katherine , Kaku Natsuko , Komase Yuko , Rodriguez-Funes Maria-Virginia , Dominguez Rhina , Tsuchida Tomoya , Kunishima Hiroyuki , Nagai Etsuko , Adachi Eisuke , Mumba Ngoyi Dieudonné , Yamasue Mari , Komiya Kosaku , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Uemura Naoto , Sugiura Yuki , Yasugi Mayo , Yamagishi Yuka , Mikamo Hiroshige , Shiraishi Satoshi , Izumo Takehiro , Nakagama Sachie , Watanabe Chihiro , Nitahara Yuko , Tshibangu-Kabamba Evariste , Kakeya Hiroshi , Kido Yasutoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe durability and cross-neutralizability of protective antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants are primary concerns in mitigating (re-)exposures. The role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher avidity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizability was investigated.MethodsSera collected from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals at 2- or 10-months after recovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks post-vaccination, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG avidity was measured on a urea-treated ELISA platform. Neutralizing ability of antibodies was assessed by surrogate virus neutralization. Fold change between variant and wild-type antigen neutralizability was calculated to infer breadth of neutralizability.ResultsCompared with early-convalescence, the avidity index of late-convalescent sera was significantly higher (median 37.7 (interquartile range 28.4–45.1) vs. 64.9 (57.5–71.5), p < 0.0001), indicative of progressive antibody maturation extending months beyond acute-phase illness. The urea-resistant, high-avidity fraction of IgG was best predictive of neutralizability (Spearman’s r = 0.49 vs. 0.67 for wild-type; 0.18–0.52 vs. 0.48–0.83 for variants). Higher-avidity convalescent sera showed greater cross-neutralizability against SARS-CoV-2 variants (p < 0.001 for Alpha; p < 0.01 for Delta and Omicron). Vaccinees experienced delayed maturation kinetics, translating to limited breadth of neutralizability at week-25 post-vaccination which was only comparable to that of early-convalescence.ConclusionsAvidity maturation grants broader neutralizability that is resilient against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. With immunopotentiation through repeat vaccinations becoming a pivotal strategy to accomplish herd immunity, understanding the variable longitudinal evolutions of the two building blocks of ‘hybrid immunity’ is crucial.
Multi-lingual multi-platform investigations of online trade in jaguar parts
Authors: Polisar John , Davies Charlotte , Morcatty Thais , da Silva Mariana , Zhang Song , Duchez Kurt , Madrid Julio , Lambert Ana Elisa , Gallegos Ana , Delgado Marcela , Nguyen Ha , Wallace Robert , Arias Melissa , Nijman Vincent , Ramnarace Jon , Pennell Roberta , Novelo Yamira , Rumiz Damian , Rivero Kathia , Murillo Yovana , Salas Monica Nunez , Kretser Heidi , Reuter Adrian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe conducted research to understand online trade in jaguar parts and develop tools of utility for jaguars and other species. Our research took place to identify potential trade across 31 online platforms in Spanish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified 230 posts from between 2009 and 2019. We screened the images of animal parts shown in search results to verify if from jaguar; 71 posts on 12 different platforms in four languages were accompanied by images identified as definitely jaguar, including a total of 125 jaguar parts (50.7% posts in Spanish, 25.4% Portuguese, 22.5% Chinese and 1.4% French). Search effort varied among languages due to staff availability. Standardizing for effort across languages by dividing number of posts advertising jaguars by search time and number individual searches completed via term/platform combinations, the adjusted rankings of posts were: Portuguese #1, Chinese 2 (time) & 3 (searches), Spanish 3 & 4; French 5 & 4; English 5 & 2, and Dutch 6. Teeth were most common; 156 posts offered at least 367 apparent teeth. From these, 95 teeth were assessed as definitely jaguar; 71 jaguar teeth could be linked to a location, with the majority of the 71 offered for sale from Mexico, China, Bolivia, and Brazil (26.8, 25.4, 16.9, and 12.7% respectively). Ranking of number of teeth was Mexico (19), China (18), Bolivia (12), Brazil (9), Peru/Ecuador (most accurate probable location) (8), Venezuela (3), Guadeloupe (1), and Uruguay (1). The second most traded item, skins and derivative items were only identified from Latin America: Brazil (7), was followed by Peru (6), Bolivia (3), Mexico (2 and 1 skin piece), and Nicaragua and Venezuela (1 each). Whether by number of posts or pieces, the ranking of parts was teeth, skins/pieces of skins, heads, and bodies. Our research presents a snapshot of online jaguar trade and methods that may have utility for many species now traded online. Our research took place within a longer-term project to assist law enforcement in host countries to better identify potential illegal trade online, with research findings informing hubs in Latin America for building such capacity.
The incidence of candidate binding sites for β-arrestin in Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs
Authors: Taghert Paul H. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTTo support studies of neuropeptide neuromodulation, I have studied beta-arrestin binding sites (BBS’s) by evaluating the incidence of BBS sequences among the C terminal tails (CTs) of each of the 49 Drosophila melanogaster neuropeptide GPCRs. BBS were identified by matches with a prediction derived from structural analysis of rhodopsin:arrestin and vasopressin receptor: arrestin complexes (1). To increase the rigor of the identification, I determined the conservation of BBS sequences between two long-diverged species D. melanogaster and D. virilis. There is a great diversity in the profile of BBS’s in this group of GPCRs. I present evidence for conserved BBS’s in a majority of the Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs; notably some have no conserved BBS sequences. In addition, certain GPCRs display numerous conserved compound BBS’s, and many GPCRs display BBS-like sequences in their intracellular loop (ICL) domains as well. Finally, 20 of the neuropeptide GPCRs are expressed as protein isoforms that vary in their CT domains. BBS profiles are typically different across related isoforms suggesting a need to diversify and regulate the extent and nature of GPCR:arrestin interactions. This work provides the initial basis to initiate future in vivo, genetic analyses in Drosophila to evaluate the roles of arrestins in neuropeptide GPCR desensitization, trafficking and signaling.