bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East Asian Monsoonal Climate Sensitivity Changed in the Late Pliocene in Response to Northern Hemisphere Glaciations
Authors: Zhang Ze , Licht Alexis , De Vleeschouwer David , Wang Zhixiang , Li Yanzhen , Kemp David B. , Tan Liangcheng , Zhang Rui , Qiang Xiaoke , Huang Chunju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMio‐Pliocene sedimentary archives of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in NE Tibet record a monotonic response to orbital forcing, dominated by eccentricity. By contrast, Pleistocene archives display a more stochastic response that varies regionally and temporally. When and why this response changed is poorly understood. Here, we present a new high‐resolution Rb/Sr ratio data set of EASM intensity from the Sanmenxia Basin, North China, that spans the Plio‐Pleistocene transition. Our results indicate decreased monsoonal rainfall in the late Pliocene, dated at 2.75–2.6 Ma, associated with an intensified response to obliquity and enhanced climate stochasticity. This transition is attributed to the increase of Northern Hemisphere ice volume. Quaternary monsoons display a sensitivity unique to the modern icehouse with large bipolar ice sheets, while pre‐Quaternary monsoons were solely impacted by Antarctic ice sheet dynamics on orbital time‐scales.
Plume‐Induced Rifting of Thickened Crust: 2D Numerical Model and Implications for N–S Rifts in Southern Tibet
Authors: Pang Yajin , Zhang Huai , Shi Yaolin , Gerya Taras 
Published: December 2022

AbstractN–S rifting is one of the most typical tectonics in southern Tibet, but its formation mechanism remains controversial. Geophysical observations indicated spatial correlations between rifts and lithospheric mantle anomalies, presumably caused by asthenospheric upwelling. Here, we investigate possible plume‐induced rifting via a series of 2‐D thermomechanical models of plume interactions with a heterogeneous lithosphere. The numerical results indicate that a small‐scale mantle plume could promote the formation of a single giant rift throughout the whole thickened crust. In addition, presence of a weak mid‐crustal zone facilitates the rifting development in the upper crust while inhibiting the formation of a giant crustal rift. Instead, multiple rifts develop in the upper crust and thickened crust, jointly controlled by a heterogeneous weak crustal zone and mantle plume. Our numerical results thus emphasize the distinct roles of the weak mid‐crustal zone and small‐scale mantle plume in promoting N‒S rifting in southern Tibet.
Relationships of the Hygroscopicity of HULIS With Their Degrees of Oxygenation and Sources in the Urban Atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Ruichen , Deng Yange , Kunwar Bhagawati , Chen Qingcai , Chen Jing , Ren Lujie , Kawamura Kimitaka , Fu Pingqing , Mochida Michihiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHumic‐like substances (HULIS) are unresolved compounds isolated from organic matter in atmospheric aerosols. Understanding the chemical structures and sources that control the hygroscopicity of HULIS is important for predicting its environmental impacts and possibly useful for parameterization of the hygroscopicity of organic aerosol (OA). Here, the hygroscopic growth of HULIS from total suspended particles samples in Beijing was analyzed using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer. The hygroscopicity parameter of HULIS (κHULIS) was determined to be 0.06 ± 0.03, and was found to correlate positively with O:C and f44 from offline aerosol mass spectrometry. Additionally, κHULIS was correlated positively with oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and correlated negatively with cooking OA and biomass burning OA, for which the source‐related OA types were from mass‐spectral‐based positive matrix factorization analyses. Further analysis resolved substantial κ values of 0.09 and 0.22, respectively, for less‐oxidized and more‐oxidized OOA, in contrast to the low κ values for cooking OA and biomass burning OA. Extensions of O:C‐ and source‐based parameterizations reasonably estimated the hygroscopicity of total OA with a moderate contribution from HULIS. This result and the fact that the obtained OOA contributions to κ of OA were similar to those from different environments suggest the applicability of parameterizing the hygroscopicity for a wide range of OA in particular based on source‐related structural characteristics.
Seasonal Cycles of High Mountain Asia Glacier Surface Elevation Detected by ICESat‐2
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Sun Wenke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh Mountain Asia (HMA) glaciers are a key component of mountain hydrology and their seasonal ablation contributes significantly to the annual runoff of several large river systems that protect large populations from water stress. However, the seasonal cycle of glacial change remains unclear. Recent NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat‐2) provides an opportunity to survey changes in the glacier surface elevation in unprecedented detail. Here, we used a new approach—which is based on a developed elevation bin cluster with a sliding filter and an iterative recovery method—to obtain the complete seasonal cycle of glacier thickness changes in HMA. We generally identified three types of glaciers: (a) glaciers in the westerly dominant area (WDA) (b) glaciers in the Indian monsoon area (IMA), and (c) glaciers in the transition area (TA). The peak thickness values for the IMA, WDA, and TA glaciers occur in February, May, and June, respectively. Most glaciers in WDA and IMA show a strong seasonal cycle with variations of more than 2 m, while the TA glaciers are mainly characterized by weak changes of up to 1 m. Overall, our results show that the glaciers can provide 67–138 Gt of meltwater per year to downstream. These results provide crucial information for the calibration of models that project glacier response to climate change and simulate the downstream water availability. Our methodology facilitates the application of ICESat‐2 to seasonal tracking of glacier variability in global alpine areas.
Clarifying the Role of ENSO on Easter Island Precipitation Changes: Potential Environmental Implications for the Last Millennium
Authors: Delcroix T. , Michel S. L. L. , Swingedouw D. , Malaizé B. , Daniau A.‐L. , Abarca‐del‐Rio R. , Caley T. , Sémah A.‐M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEl Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events yield precipitation deficits and ensuing droughts, often damaging regional forests, in many parts of the world. The relative roles of ENSO, other natural climate changes, and anthropogenic factors on the forest clearing of Easter Island over the last millennium are still debated. Here, we analyze Easter Island precipitation changes using in situ, satellite‐derived and reanalysis products spanning the last 4–7 decades, and 46 monthly 156‐year‐long (1850–2014) simulations derived from 25 CMIP5 and 21 CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6) General Circulation Models. Our analysis shows that La Niña events, the cold phases of ENSO, cause precipitation deficits of −0.2 to −0.3 standard deviation (relative to long‐term mean) in all analyzed data types. ENSO‐like events are further examined over the last millennium (850–1981). A new multiproxy reconstruction of the NINO3.4 index based on proxy records from the Past Global Changes 2k database and Random Forest method is produced. Our reconstruction reveals unusual high recurrences of La Niña‐like situations during the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, which likely induced significant precipitation deficits on the island. These situations are compared to published vegetation reconstructions based on pollen analyses derived from sedimentary cores collected in three island sites. We conclude the environmental consequences of cumulative precipitation deficits over long‐lasting La Niña‐like situations reconstructed here over the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries were likely favoring drought and forest flammability. La Niña events should be better accounted for among the causes of forest clearing on Easter Island.
Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms
Authors: Radjabzadeh Djawad , Bosch Jos A. , Uitterlinden André G. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Ikram M. Arfan , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Luik Annemarie I. , Nieuwdorp Max , Lok Anja , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Kraaij Robert , Amin Najaf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDepression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis. There is an urgency to identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression and the gut microbiome is a novel area of interest. Here we investigate the relation of fecal microbiome diversity and composition with depressive symptoms in 1,054 participants from the Rotterdam Study cohort and validate these findings in the Amsterdam HELIUS cohort in 1,539 subjects. We identify association of thirteen microbial taxa, including genera Eggerthella, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Hungatella, Ruminococcaceae (UCG002, UCG003 and UCG005), LachnospiraceaeUCG001, Eubacterium ventriosum and Ruminococcusgauvreauiigroup, and family Ruminococcaceae with depressive symptoms. These bacteria are known to be involved in the synthesis of glutamate, butyrate, serotonin and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), which are key neurotransmitters for depression. Our study suggests that the gut microbiome composition may play a key role in depression.
Anti-Zeno purification of spin baths by quantum probe measurements
Authors: Dasari Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao , Yang Sen , Chakrabarti Arnab , Finkler Amit , Kurizki Gershon , Wrachtrup Jörg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno paradigms have thus far addressed the evolution control of a quantum system coupled to an immutable bath via non-selective measurements performed at appropriate intervals. We fundamentally modify these paradigms by introducing, theoretically and experimentally, the concept of controlling the bath state via selective measurements of the system (a qubit). We show that at intervals corresponding to the anti-Zeno regime of the system-bath exchange, a sequence of measurements has strongly correlated outcomes. These correlations can dramatically enhance the bath-state purity and yield a low-entropy steady state of the bath. The purified bath state persists long after the measurements are completed. Such purification enables the exploitation of spin baths as long-lived quantum memories or as quantum-enhanced sensors. The experiment involved a repeatedly probed defect center dephased by a nuclear spin bath in a diamond at low-temperature.
Dynamic morphological transformations in soft architected materials via buckling instability encoded heterogeneous magnetization
Authors: Xia Neng , Jin Dongdong , Pan Chengfeng , Zhang Jiachen , Yang Zhengxin , Su Lin , Zhao Jinsheng , Wang Liu , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe geometric reconfigurations in three-dimensional morphable structures have a wide range of applications in flexible electronic devices and smart systems with unusual mechanical, acoustic, and thermal properties. However, achieving the highly controllable anisotropic transformation and dynamic regulation of architected materials crossing different scales remains challenging. Herein, we develop a magnetic regulation approach that provides an enabling technology to achieve the controllable transformation of morphable structures and unveil their dynamic modulation mechanism as well as potential applications. With buckling instability encoded heterogeneous magnetization profiles inside soft architected materials, spatially and temporally programmed magnetic inputs drive the formation of a variety of anisotropic morphological transformations and dynamic geometric reconfiguration. The introduction of magnetic stimulation could help to predetermine the buckling states of soft architected materials, and enable the formation of definite and controllable buckling states without prolonged magnetic stimulation input. The dynamic modulations can be exploited to build systems with switchable fluidic properties and are demonstrated to achieve capabilities of fluidic manipulation, selective particle trapping, sensitivity-enhanced biomedical analysis, and soft robotics. The work provides new insights to harness the programmable and dynamic morphological transformation of soft architected materials and promises benefits in microfluidics, programmable metamaterials, and biomedical applications.
Food abundance in men before puberty predicts a range of cancers in grandsons
Authors: Vågerö Denny , Cederström Agneta , van den Berg Gerard J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNutritional conditions early in human life may influence phenotypic characteristics in later generations. A male-line transgenerational pathway, triggered by the early environment, has been postulated with support from animal and a small number of human studies. Here we analyse individuals born in Uppsala Sweden 1915–29 with linked data from their children and parents, which enables us to explore the hypothesis that pre-pubertal food abundance may trigger a transgenerational effect on cancer events. We used cancer registry and cause-of-death data to analyse 3422 cancer events in grandchildren (G2) by grandparental (G0) food access. We show that variation in harvests and food access in G0 predicts cancer occurrence in G2 in a specific way: abundance among paternal grandfathers, but not any other grandparent, predicts cancer occurrence in grandsons but not in granddaughters. This male-line response is observed for several groups of cancers, suggesting a general susceptibility, possibly acquired in early embryonic development. We observed no transgenerational influence in the middle generation.
Increases in reef size, habitat and metacommunity complexity associated with Cambrian radiation oxygenation pulses
Authors: Zhuravlev Andrey Yu. , Mitchell Emily G. , Bowyer Fred , Wood Rachel , Penny Amelia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOxygenation during the Cambrian Radiation progressed via a series of short-lived pulses. However, the metazoan biotic response to this episodic oxygenation has not been quantified, nor have the causal evolutionary processes been constrained. Here we present ecological analyses of Cambrian archaeocyath sponge reef communities on the Siberian Platform (525–514 Ma). During the oxic pulse at ~521–519 Ma, we quantify reef habitat expansion coupled to an increase in reef size and metacommunity complexity, from individual within-community reactions to their local environment, to ecologically complex synchronous community-wide response, accompanied by an increase in rates of origination. Subsequently, reef and archaeocyath body size are reduced in association with increased rates of extinction due to inferred expanded marine anoxia (~519–516.5 Ma). A later oxic pulse at ~515 Ma shows further reef habitat expansion, increased archaeocyath body size and diversity, but weaker community-wide environmental responses. These metrics confirm that oxygenation events created temporary pulses of evolutionary diversification and enhanced ecosystem complexity, potentially via the expansion of habitable space, and increased archaeocyath individual and reef longevity in turn leading to niche differentiation. Most notably, we show that progression towards increasing biodiversity and ecosystem complexity was episodic and discontinuous, rather than linear, during the Cambrian Radiation.
Multiple drivers and lineage-specific insect extinctions during the Permo–Triassic
Authors: Jouault Corentin , Nel André , Perrichot Vincent , Legendre Frédéric , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Permo–Triassic interval encompasses three extinction events including the most dramatic biological crisis of the Phanerozoic, the latest Permian mass extinction. However, their drivers and outcomes are poorly quantified and understood for terrestrial invertebrates, which we assess here for insects. We find a pattern with three extinctions: the Roadian/Wordian (≈266.9 Ma; extinction of 64.5% insect genera), the Permian/Triassic (≈252 Ma; extinction of 82.6% insect genera), and the Ladinian/Carnian boundaries (≈237 Ma; extinction of 74.8% insect genera). We also unveil a heterogeneous effect of these extinction events across the major insect clades. Because extinction events have impacted Permo–Triassic ecosystems, we investigate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on insect diversification dynamics and find that changes in floral assemblages are likely the strongest drivers of insects’ responses throughout the Permo–Triassic. We also assess the effect of diversity dependence between three insect guilds; an effect ubiquitously found in current ecosystems. We find that herbivores held a central position in the Permo–Triassic interaction network. Our study reveals high levels of insect extinction that profoundly shaped the evolutionary history of the most diverse non-microbial lineage.
The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data
Authors: Judd Emily J. , Tierney Jessica E. , Huber Brian T. , Wing Scott L. , Lunt Daniel J. , Ford Heather L. , Inglis Gordon N. , McClymont Erin L. , O’Brien Charlotte L. , Rattanasriampaipong Ronnakrit , Si Weimin , Staitis Matthew L. , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Anagnostou Eleni , Cramwinckel Marlow Julius , Dawson Robin R. , Evans David , Gray William R. , Grossman Ethan L. , Henehan Michael J. , Hupp Brittany N. , MacLeod Kenneth G. , O’Connor Lauren K. , Sánchez Montes Maria Luisa , Song Haijun , Zhang Yi Ge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPaleotemperature proxy data form the cornerstone of paleoclimate research and are integral to understanding the evolution of the Earth system across the Phanerozoic Eon. Here, we present PhanSST, a database containing over 150,000 data points from five proxy systems that can be used to estimate past sea surface temperature. The geochemical data have a near-global spatial distribution and temporally span most of the Phanerozoic. Each proxy value is associated with consistent and queryable metadata fields, including information about the location, age, and taxonomy of the organism from which the data derive. To promote transparency and reproducibility, we include all available published data, regardless of interpreted preservation state or vital effects. However, we also provide expert-assigned diagenetic assessments, ecological and environmental flags, and other proxy-specific fields, which facilitate informed and responsible reuse of the database. The data are quality control checked and the foraminiferal taxonomy has been updated. PhanSST will serve as a valuable resource to the paleoclimate community and has myriad applications, including evolutionary, geochemical, diagenetic, and proxy calibration studies.
COVID-BEHAVE dataset: measuring human behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Konsolakis Kostas , Banos Oresti , Cabrita Miriam , Hermens Hermie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAiming to illuminate the effects of enforced confinements on people’s lives, this paper presents a novel dataset that measures human behaviour holistically and longitudinally during the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, we conducted a study during the first wave of the lockdown, where 21 healthy subjects from the Netherlands and Greece participated, collecting multimodal raw and processed data from smartphone sensors, activity trackers, and users’ responses to digital questionnaires. The study lasted more than two months, although the duration of the data collection varies per participant. The data are publicly available and can be used to model human behaviour in a broad sense as the dataset explores physical, social, emotional, and cognitive domains. The dataset offers an exemplary perspective on a given group of people that could be considered to build new models for investigating behaviour changes as a consequence of the lockdown. Importantly, to our knowledge, this is the first dataset combining passive sensing, experience sampling, and virtual assistants to study human behaviour dynamics in a prolonged lockdown situation.
Containment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain in Guangzhou, China by quarantine and social distancing: a modelling study
Authors: Zeng Zhiqi , Wu Tong , Lin Zhijie , Luo Lei , Lin Zhengshi , Guan Wenda , Liang Jingyi , Yu Minfei , Guan Peikun , He Wei , Liu Zige , Lu Guibin , Xie Peifang , Chen Canxiong , Lau Eric H. Y. , Yang Zifeng , Hon Chitin , He Jianxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChina detected the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with Delta variant in May 2021. We assessed control strategies against this variant of concern. We constructed a robust transmission model to assess the effectiveness of interventions against the Delta variant in Guangzhou with initial quarantine/isolation, followed by social distancing. We also assessed the effectiveness of alternative strategies and that against potentially more infectious variants. The effective reproduction number (Rt) fell below 1 when the average daily number of close contacts was reduced to ≤ 7 and quarantine/isolation was implemented on average at the same day of symptom onset in Guangzhou. Simulations showed that the outbreak could still be contained when quarantine is implemented on average 1 day after symptom onset while the average daily number of close contacts was reduced to ≤ 9 per person one week after the outbreak's beginning. Early quarantine and reduction of close contacts were found to be important for containment of the outbreaks. Early implementation of quarantine/isolation along with social distancing measures could effectively suppress spread of the Delta and more infectious variants.
Palliative care reduces emergency room visits and total hospital days among patients with metastatic HPB and GI cancers
Authors: Billiot Angelle A. , Danos Denise M. , Stevens Jenny , Vance Katie M. , Raven Mary C. , Lyons John M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPalliative care services (PCS) have improved quality of life for patients across various cancer subtypes. Minimal data exists regarding PCSfor metastatic hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We assessed the impact of PCS on emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and survival among these patients. Patients with metastatic HPB and GI cancer referred to outpatient PCS between 2014 and 2018 at a single institution were included. We compared the demographics, outcomes, and end-of-life indicators between those who did and did not receive PCS. The study included 183 patients, with 118 (64.5%) having received PCS. There were no significant differences in age, gender, race, marital status, or insurance. Those receiving PCS were more likely to have colorectal cancer (p = 0.0082) and receive chemotherapy (p = 0.0098). On multivariate analysis, PCS was associated with fewer ED visits (p = 0.0319), hospital admissions (p = 0.0002), and total inpatient hospital days (p < 0.0001) per 30 days of life. Overall survival was greater among patients receiving PCS (HR: 0.65 (0.46–0.92)). Outpatient PCS for patients with metastatic HPB and GI cancer is associated with fewer emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and inpatient hospital days, and improved overall survival.