bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FMRP Sustains Presynaptic Function via Control of Activity-Dependent Bulk Endocytosis
Authors: Bonnycastle Katherine , Kind Peter C. , Cousin Michael A. 
Published: January 2022

Synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission, with a number of neurodevelopmental disorders linked to defects in this process. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) results from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) encoded by theFMR1gene. Hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits is a key feature of FXS, therefore we investigated whether SV recycling was affected by the absence of FMRP during increased neuronal activity. We revealed that primary neuronal cultures from maleFmr1knock-out (KO) rats display a specific defect in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). ADBE is dominant during intense neuronal activity, and this defect resulted in an inability ofFmr1KO neurons to sustain SV recycling during trains of high-frequency stimulation. Using a molecular replacement strategy, we also revealed that a human FMRP mutant that cannot bind BK channels failed to correct ADBE dysfunction in KO neurons, however this dysfunction was corrected by BK channel agonists. Therefore, FMRP performs a key role in sustaining neurotransmitter release via selective control of ADBE, suggesting intervention via this endocytosis mode may correct the hyperexcitability observed in FXS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) results in fragile X syndrome (FXS), however whether its loss has a direct role in neurotransmitter release remains a matter of debate. We demonstrate that neurons lacking FMRP display a specific defect in a mechanism that sustains neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal firing, called activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). This discovery provides key insights into mechanisms of brain communication that occur because of loss of FMRP function. Importantly it also reveals ADBE as a potential therapeutic target to correct the circuit hyperexcitability observed in FXS.
Craniomaxillofacial Changes Using High-Pull J-Hook Headgear and Mini-Implant Anchorage in Adolescents: A Structural Superimposition Method
Authors: Yun Sunock , Park Jae Hyun , Chang Na-Young , Seo Hye Young , Sung Jae-Hyun , Hong Su-Jeong , Chae Jong-Moon 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the craniomaxillofacial changes when using high-pull J-hook headgear (HPJH) and mini-implants (MIs) as maxillary anchorage in adolescents.
Study Design: 40 female adolescents with dentoalvolar protrusion were divided into 2 groups; the HPJH group (n=20) and the MI group (n=20). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0) and after anterior tooth retraction (T1) were superimposed on the stable structures and then craniomaxillofacial changes were evaluated.
Results: The cranial base angle, SNB, and facial angle decreased in the HPJH group but increased in the MI group. ANB decreased more in the MI group than in the HPJH group. Mandibular plane angle increased in the HPJH group but decreased in the MI group. Facial height index increased in the MI group while it showed no change in the HPJH group. Mandibular true rotation occurred clockwise in the HPJH group and counterclockwise in the MI group. Maxillary central incisors were intruded and retracted more in the MI group than in the HPJH group. Maxillary first molars were extruded in the HPJH group and were intruded in the MI group. Maxillary first molars were protracted more in the HPJH group than in the MI group. Mandibular central incisors were retracted more in the HPJH group than the MI group. Mandibular first molars were extruded more in the MI group than in the HPJH group.
Conclusion: More favorable craniomaxillofacial changes occurred in the MI group than in the HPJH group.
Evaluation of the Trabecular Structure of Mandibular Condyles in Children Using Fractal Analysis
Authors: Bulut Muge , Tokuc Muge 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the trabecular internal structure of the mandibular condyle with fractal analysis on panoramic radiography in children.
Study Design: 159 panoramic radiographs were separated into 8 groups according to age and gender. The radiographs were standardized as 8-bit images. Regions of interest, located on both mandibular condyles, were selected as 64x64 pixel squares. Image J v1.50i software was used to obtain the fractal dimension (FD) values by the box-counting method.
Results: The data obtained from the right and left condyles were analyzed in terms of gender and age groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the genders in respect of the mean FD values for both condyles (p&gt;0.05). Mean, standard deviations and the 95% confidence intervals for the FD values of the left and right condyles were obtained according to age. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean FD values for both left (p= 0.019) and right (p= 0.000) condyles when all groups were compared and no statistically significant difference was found between all groups except the 6-year-old group for both condyles. In both condyles, the significantly lowest mean FD values were determined in the 6 years age group.
Conclusions: The FD values of the mandibular condyle trabecular structure changed with age. It will be possible to evaluate these changes from panoramic radiographs by making calculations using the fractal analysis method.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Buah Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Sebagai Pewarna Alami dan Sumber Antioksidan Pada Kue Mangkok
Authors: Manurung Hotman , Simanjuntak Rosnawyta , N D M Romauli 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Kue mangkok yang beredar di pasar menggunakan pewarna sintetik dan tidak mengandung senyawa aktiv yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Karamunting mempunyai warna ungu yang menarik dan kaya antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak buah karamunting sebagai pewarna alami, sumber antioksidan dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik mutu kue mangkok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekperimental dengan perlakuan: Konsentrasi ekstrak buah karamunting: 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10,0% (b/b). Parameter penelitian: daya antioksidan (IC50) ppm, volume spesifik (mL/g), total padatan terlarut (oBrix), derajat putih (%) dan uji kesukaan terhadap rasa dan warna. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah ekstrak buah karamunting dapat menurunkan IC50 secara nyata dari 83,935ppm menjadi 66,10ppm. Kesukaan terhadap warna meningkat dari 2,98 (tidak suka) menjadi 4,88 (mendekati sangat suka), sedangkan derajat putih menurun dari 62,5% menjadi 52,34%. Volume spesifik, total padatan terlarut dan kesukaan rasa tidak terpengaruh. Ekstrak buah karamunting dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber antioksidan dan meningkatkan kesukaan warna kue mangkok.Utilization of Karamunting Fruit Extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) as a Natural Colorant and Source of Antioxidants in CupcakesAbstract. In the market, many food products such as cupcakes used synthetic food colors and do not obtained active compounds that function as antioxidants. Karamunting fruit has an attractive natural purple color and rich in antioxidants. The objectives of this research were to utilize the extract of karamunting fruit as a natural food colorant which possess potent antioxidant and to determine the effect of karamunting fruit on the quality characteristics of cupcakes. This research was carried out using five concentration of karamunting fruit extract (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%). Cupcakes samples were analysed for the IC50 value of antioxidant activity, specific volume (mL/g), total soluble solids (oBrix), whiteness value (%) and consumer preference test (taste and color). All experiments were carried out in triplicate. Karamunting fruit extract was significantly decreased the IC50 value from 83.935 ppm to 66.10ppm. For cupcake’s color of consumer evaluation, the score increased from 2.98 (dislike a little) to 4.88 (near like a lot), while whiteness value decreased from 62.5% to 52.34%. Generally, specific volume, total soluble solids, and taste of cupcakes were not significantly affected by Karamunting fruit extract. Karamunting fruit extract can be used as a source of antioxidants and increase the cupcake’s color of consumer’s acceptability.
Kajian Karakteristik Proses Pengomposan Limbah Tanaman Jagung Yang Diberi Tambahan Kipahit Dan Pupuk Kandang Kambing
Authors: Dwiratna Sophia , Suryadi Edy , Kendarto Dwi Rustam , Amaru Kharistya , Sugandi Wahyu Kristian , Pramesti Azhari Dwi 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Limbah pertanian jagung yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik dapat menyebabkan timbunan limbah yang mempersempit area penanaman selanjutnya. Salah satu pemanfaatan limbah tanaman jagung adalah dengan cara dikomposkan. Pengomposan dilakukan dengan penambahan tanaman kipahit dan pupuk kandang kambing untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengomposan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik proses pengomposan menggunakan metode berkeley. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pengondisian bahan awal kompos dengan rasio C/N 30, 35 dan 40. Penelitian mendapatkan semakin rendah penyesuaian rasio C/N awal pengomposan maka suhu puncak proses pengomposan semakin tinggi. Proses pengomposan membentuk fase termofilik dengan titik tertinggi 63,3oC pada bioreaktor A. Proses pengomposan pada bioreaktor B mengalami fase termofilik paling lama yaitu 18 hari dan reduksi volume terbanyak yaitu 78,9%. Akhir pengomposan pada bioreaktor A, B dan C menghasilkan pH yang alkali dan rasio C/N berturut-turut 13,5, 10 dan 15,5. Parameter di atas telah sesuai dengan standar baku mutu kriteria pupuk organik padat SNI 7763:2018.Characteristics Study Of Corn Waste Composting Process With Tithonia And Sheep Manure Addition Abstract. Corn waste that was not used properly into waste stack which will reduce the area of the upcoming planting. Composting is one of the ways for corn waste management. Corn waste composting is carried out by adding tithonia and goat manure to optimize the process. The objective of the study is to determine the characteristics of composting process by using the Berkeley method. The observations were undertaken at various initial composting material C/N ratio 30, 35 and 40. Base on the study result, the lower C/N ratio, the higher thermophilic peak.. The composting process forms the highest peak temperature thermophilic at 63.3oC in bioreactor A. The composting process in bioreactor B has longest thermophilic phase (18 days) and the biggest reduction (78.9%). The last characteristics were observed are composting process in bioreactor A, B and C results in alkaline pH and C/N ratio 13.5, 10, and 15.5, respectively. The parameters above have qualified SNI 7763:2018.
Perubahan Kapasitas Simpan Air Di Kota Tarakan Kalimantan Utara
Authors: Sirait Sudirman , Suhani Suhani , Mansyur Nur Indah , Mardhiana Mardhiana , Santoso Dwi , Fachruddin F 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Nilai kapasitas simpan air menentukan jumlah air yang tersedia di dalam tanah untuk mendukung kegiatan pertanian khususnya wilayah Kota Tarakan. Tanaman akan mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan penurunan produktivitas jika mengalami kekurangan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan kapasitas simpan air berbasis neraca air dan perubahan tata guna lahan di wilayah Kota Tarakan periode 2005- 2020. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu analisis perubahan tata guna lahan, analisis neraca air dan analisis kapasitas simpan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai surplus sebesar 44,26 mm dan limpasan sebesar 59,47 mm. Namun nilai pengisian air tanah mengalami penurunan sebesar 15,21 mm. Nilai kapasitas simpan di wilayah Kota Tarakan selama periode 2005-2020 menunjukkan penurunan sebesar 7,57 mm yaitu 130,35 mm pada tahun 2005 dan 122,78 mm pada tahun 2020.The Changes Of Water Storage Capacity In Tarakan City Of North KalimantanAbstract. The value of water storage capacity determines the amount of water available in the soil to support agricultural activities, especially in Tarakan City area. The plants will experience growth disorders and decrease their productivity if they captivate lack of water. This study aimed at analyzing the changes in water storage capacity based on water balance and the changes in land use in Tarakan City area for the period 2005-2020. The procedure of this study consisted of several stages, namely land-use change analysis, water balance analysis, and water storage capacity analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the surplus-value increased by 44.26 mm and the water runoff enlarged by 59.47 mm. However, the groundwater recharging value decreased by 15.21 mm. The value of water storage capacity in Tarakan City area during the period 2005-2020 showed a decrease of 7.57 mm, namely 130.35 mm in 2005 and 122.78 mm in 2020.
Perubahan Sifat Fisika Dan Kimia Tanah Pada Lahan Kering Akibat Perlakuan Bahan Organik dan Kapur Dolomit
Authors: Zulfakri Zulfakri , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Defrian Angga , Nasir Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisika dan kimia tanah pada lahan kering akibat perlakuan bahan organik dan kapur dolomit. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 (dua) faktor yang terdiri dari kapur dolomit pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 0,8 ton/ha dan 1,6 ton/ha, dan bahan organik pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 6 ton/ha dan 12 ton/ha dengan 3 (tiga) kali pengulangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan bahan organik mampu memperbaiki sifat fisika dan kimia tanah dimana stabilitas agregat, porositas total, C-organik dan pori drainase cepat menjadi meningkat serta mampu menurunkan bulk density dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan bahan organik.CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL ON DRY LAND DUE TO ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DOLOMIT LIMEAbstract. This research was conducted to determine changes in physical and chemical properties of soil on dry land due to the application of organic matter and dolomite lime. This study used factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 2 (two) factors, namely dolomite lime at levels 0, 0.8 and 1.6 tons/ha, while organic matter at levels 0, 6, and 12 tons/ha. with 3 (three) repetitions. The results showed that the organic matter treatment was able to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in which the total porosity, aggregate stability, fast drainage pores and organic C were increased and were able to decrease the bulk density compared to without the addition of organic matter.
Media Papan balik sebagai Sarana Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Autis
Authors: Sofwan Ahmad , Hastuti Wiwik Dwi , Kurniawan Agung 
Published: January 2022

Pengaruh media papan balik Terhadap Kemampuan membaca Permulaan siswa Autis. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media papan balik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa autis kelas 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan subjek penelitian tunggal desain A-B-A. Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu baseline-1 mengalami peningkatan 40,5%46%, dan kondisi intervensi mengalami peningkatan 71,8%-82,3% serta di kondisi baseline-2 mengalami peningkatan 62,8%-72,6%. %. Kesimpulannya media papan balik memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa autis.
Penerapan Pelatihan Terapi Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Tunarungu
Authors: Badiah Lutfi Isni , Jauhari Muhammad Nurrohman , Mambela Sambira 
Published: January 2022

Anak tunarungu adalah anak yang kemampuan pendengan dan bicaranya mengalami gangguan atau hambatan. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kelainan atau kerusakan pada organ pendengarannya. Namun dengan adanya penggunaan alat bantu dengan (ABD) yang mutakhir dan terapi yang tepat, dapat membantu anak tunarungu mengembangkan bahasa verbalnya melalui kegiatan mendengar. Salah satu pilihan terapi yang bisa digunakan untuk mengembangkan Bahasa verbal anak tunarungu adalah terapi AVT. Peranan orang tua dalam keberhasilan terapi Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) untuk mengembangkan bahasa anak tunarungu sangat besar karena tidak mungkin hanyak mengandalkan sesi terapi di tempat terapi. Meskipun begitu, masih banyak ditemui permasalahan di lapangan, yakni orang tua dari anak tunarungu yang merasa kesulitan ketika mencari referensi lengkap tentang prosedur pelaksanaan AVT. Peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ini adalah orang tua dari anak tunarungu yang bersekolah di KB-TK Aurica Surabaya. Total peserta berjumlah 21 orang. Pelatihan terapi AVT yang diberikan kepada orang tua tunarungu ada 3 materi yakni (1) pemberian informasi mengenai Program dan Teknik Terapi AVT, (2) peran orang tua dalam pengulangan terapi AVT di rumah dan (3) praktek terapi AVT dan berdiskusi dengan peserta pelatihan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah metode ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, serta simulasi.
Mengevaluasi Pelaksanaan Undang Undang Disabilitas: Studi Kasus Kampus-Kampus di Kudus Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rosyid Moh 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan ditulisnya naskah ini mengevaluasi perlunya disegerakan dibentuknya Komisi Nasional Disabilitas oleh negara. Akibat belum dibentuk, pelaksanaan UU Disabilitas tidak dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh penyelenggara kampus-kampus di Kota Kudus Jawa tengah. Sehingga pelaksanaan UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas kaitannya dengan ketaatan penyelenggara kampus dalam memfasilitasi sarana dan prasarananya bagi penyandang disabilitas harus dievaluasi. Data diperoleh penulis bersumber dari kajian pustaka berupa tulisan para penulis yang memiliki konsen terhadap fasilitas umum dan perpustakaan dan muatan UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas, UU Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik, dan UU No 43 Tahun 2017 tentang Perpustakaan. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Perpustakaan sebagai badan publik berkewajiban menyediakan kemudahan sarana dan prasarana mengakses bagi publik dan penyandang disabilitas. Akan tetapi, dalam konteks penyandang disabilitas hanya angan-angan karena perangkat dukung dalam UU Penyandang Disabilitas berupa 8 peraturan pemerintah (PP), 2 peraturan presiden (Perpres), 1 peraturan menteri sosial (Permensos), dan pembentukan Komisi Nasional Disabilitas belum terwujud. Bila semua itu terwujud, harapan terciptanya UU Keterbukaan Informasi Publik pun terwujud. Dengan demikian, tugas kita bersama mengawalnya agar tujuan diterbitkannya UU Penyandang Disabilitas, UU Perpustakaan, dan UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2002 tentang Bangunan Gedung dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2005 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2002 tentang Bangunan Gedung, serta Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 30 Tahun 2006 tentang Pedoman Teknis Fasilitas dan Aksesibilitas pada Bangunan Gedung dan Lingkungan dapat terwujud bagi warga negara, khususnya penyandang disabilitas. Keberadaan Komisi Nasional Disabilitas sangat mendesak dibentuk.
Kasus Bullying pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Inklusi
Authors: Damayanto Angga , Prabawati Wening , Jauhari Muhammad Nurrohman 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kasus bullying yang ada di SMP Negeri 36 Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu pendidik, peserta didik, dan kepala sekolah. Tempat penelitian yakni di SMP Negeri 36 Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data memalui wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data melalui reduksi, display data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yakni bentuk perilaku bullying yang ada adalah bullying secara verbal, fisik, dan mental/psikologis. Motivasi dari perilaku bullying tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya rasa senang yang muncul dalam diri pelaku, mencari perhatian baik dari guru maupun teman, menghindari kegiatan belajar, dan menginginkan uang. Dampak yang muncul dari adanya bullying adalah kegiatan pembelajaran menjadi terganggu, peserta didik tidak bisa mengikuti pembelajaran, peserta didik tidak mau masuk ke kelas, peserta didik tidak mau berangkat ke sekolah. Pihak sekolah sudah melakukan upaya dalam mencegah bullying terjadi kembali yakni melalui kegiatan sosialisasi dari pihak sekolah kepada orang tua dan peserta didik mengenai kondisi dan penerimaan keberagaman dari peserta didik. Selain itu pendidikan juga melakukan pengaturan ruang kelas agar kegiatan pembelajaran dapat berlangsung baik sehingga bullying tidak terjadi lagi. This study aims to determine cases of bullying in SMP Negeri 36 Surabaya. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive research type. The subjects of this study are educators, students, and school principals. The place of research is at SMP Negeri 36 Surabaya. Data collection techniques through interviews and observations. Data analysis through reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the forms of bullying behavior that are verbal, physical, and mental / psychological bullying. The motivation of the bullying behavior is motivated by a sense of pleasure that arises in the offender, seeking attention from both teachers and friends, avoiding learning activities, and wanting money. The impact arising from the bullying is that learning activities become disrupted, students cannot participate in learning, students do not want to go to class, students do not want to go to school. The school has made efforts to prevent bullying from happening again, namely through socialization activities from the school to parents and students regarding the conditions and diversity acceptance from students. In addition, education also arranges classrooms so that learning activities can take place well so that bullying does not happen again
LETRAMENTO CRÍTICO PARA DESMISTIFICAR CRENÇAS ACERCA DO ENSINO DE INGLÊS COMO LÍNGUA ADICIONAL
Authors: Machado Fátima , Rodrigues Cassandra 
Published: January 2022

Crenças podem ser sociais e individuais, paradoxais, contextuais e dinâmicas. No que tange o ensino de língua inglesa como língua adicional, ainda é flagrante a permanência de crenças impregnadas de preconceito linguístico e de ideologias epistemológicas colonialistas. Além de visões formalistas do que é língua que influenciam a expectativa sobre o que determina saber uma língua (por exemplo, domínio de formas e estruturas gramaticais negligenciando os aspectos sociocomunicativos), há também uma supervalorização de um modelo idealizado de falante “nativo” com um viés neocolonial que foca em variantes de prestígio (como o inglês americano ou britânico). Combater o preconceito linguístico, questionar as crenças do senso comum e fomentar o pensamento crítico ajuda a promover a autoestima e segurança linguística tanto de alunos quanto de professores. Este estudo, então, propõe uma desmistificação dessas crenças a partir dos multiletramentos e do letramento crítico como um caminho para uma formação linguística integral, consciente e crítica.

Palavras-chave: crenças; ensino de inglês; letramento crítico; multiletramentos.