bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Tepung Beras Pragelatinisasi terhadap Penyerapan Minyak dan Sensori Kue Cucur
Authors: Savitri Putri Novita , Syamsir Elvira , Budijanto Slamet 
Published: July 2022

Cucur is a traditional food with oily appearance,which may affect the sensory acceptance. Thus, in this research we attempted to reduce its oil absorption by using pregelatinized rice flour as the ingredient for cucur dough. The type of rice and temperature of extrusion process affect the characteristics of pregelatinized rice flour and final products. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of using pregelatinized rice flour on the oil uptake and sensory of cucur. The type of rice used were IR64 and IR42, and the extrusion process temperatures were 130 and 150°C. The oil uptake by cucur made with pregelatinized rice flour was analyzed during deep frying and sensory analysis was done on the resulting cucur. The results showed that the type of rice, temperature of extrusion, and their interactions had a significant effect on the characteristics and sensory of cucur. A combination of IR42 and 150°C resulted in cucur with 35.97% moisture content, 19.32% fat content, 18.14% moisture loss, 18.14% oil uptake, while the overall sensory attribute was acceptable to the panelists. Use of pregelatinized rice flour resulted in decrease in the oil uptake and moisture loss. Cucur made with pregelatinized rice flour has desirable intensities of sensory attributes (appearance, flavor, texture, and mouthfeel), which result in the higher overall preferences score.
Digital Youth Work in Flanders: practices, challenges, and the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Vermiere Lotte , Van den Broeck Wendy , Van Audenhove Leo , Mariën Ilse 
Published: July 2022

The pandemic had a considerable impact on youth work in Flanders, as many face-to-face activities had to shift online out of necessity. For many youth organizations, this was their first encounter with digital youth work, either online or in a blended format. Despite this recent boom in digital youth work practices, the concept is not new. It was first mentioned in the 2017 conclusions on smart youth work[1] by the Council of the European Union. Digital youth work is defined as using and discussing digital media/technology in different types of youth work situations, whilst still adhering to the goals, values, and principles of general youth work (Council of the European Union, 2019). While some Flemish youth work organizations focused specifically on digital media before COVID-19, the pandemic has accelerated the uptake of digital youth work. This paper examines the effects of COVID-19 on youth work in Flanders. It explores the challenges and opportunities, using the quick-scan-method to map relevant organizations.

[1] “[I]mplementing smart youth work enables young people and youth workers to, based on existing experiences and seeking new connections and means, create innovative solutions (including digital solutions) for coping with both current problems and new challenges. Smart youth work activities are based on the needs of young people and youth workers, and take into account developments in society and technology, including globalisation, networking and e-solutions” (Schlümmer, 2018).
Assessing the Strategies for Coping with Academic Stress among the Undergraduate Students of TNAU
Authors: Gayathri P. , Devi M. Nirmala , Balasubramaniam P. , Duraisamy M. R. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: College students experience stress from many different sources that ultimately have an impact on their academics. To cope with the academic stress, it is needed for them to undertake appropriate coping strategies. This study aimed to identify the extent of various strategies used among the students to cope with the academic stress and to compare coping strategies used by the male and female students.
Study Design: Ex post facto research design was used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study area: Four Constituent colleges of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University viz., Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Killikulam. Sample: Third-year B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture Undergraduate degree programme students.
Methodology: Sample: 180 students (90 male and 90 female) from the four colleges were chosen based on employing proportionate random sampling. The coping strategies were classified into five categories namely relaxation, social support, personal, diet and exercise and psychological strategies The most preferred coping strategies were identified by computing mean scores and Mann Whitney U - test was employed to find the gender difference in terms of major stress coping strategies.
Results: The findings from the study showed that listening to music, seeking out friends for conversation, consulting with parents and relatives, using past experience to handle problems, getting enough sleep, look at the bright side of the things with mean scores of 2.48, 2.3, 2.29, 2.37, 1.99 and 2.35 respectively. There also existed a significant difference between male and female undergraduate students concerning relaxation and personal strategies at a 1% significance level.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the students should regularly be encouraged and motivated to get involved and take up better-suited and also scientifically approved coping strategies to handle and get relieved from their academic stress.
Maize Yield and Iron Uptake as Impacted by Iron Citrate Treatment
Authors: Malathi P. , Sellamuthu K. M. 
Published: July 2022

Chelated iron formulations prepared using synthetic chelating agents are widely used and they are harmful to the environment. The present study was aimed at developing and evaluating new chelated iron citrate formulation. New chelated iron citrate formulation with 10.9% Fe was developed and evaluated in comparison with Ferrous sulphate and commercial Ferric citrate during 2018-19 in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. A field experiment was conducted with TNAU maize hybrid CO6. Nine treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that foliar spray of 1% Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Fe citrate thrice on 30,40 and 50 days after sowing registered significantly highest grain yield (7065 kg ha-1) and stover yield (12583 kg ha-1). This was on par with foliar spray of 1% commercial Ferric citrate (T9). At late vegetative stage, significantly highest Fe content (268 mg kg-1) and Fe uptake (2.13 kg ha-1) were observed in foliar spray of 1% TNAU Fe citrate (T8). Significantly highest grain and stover Fe content (192 and 219 mg kg-1 respectively), grain and stover Fe uptake (1.28 and 2.58 kg ha-1 respectively) were observed with foliar spray of 1 % TNAU Fe citrate (T8).
Current views on the management of trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Tham K.F. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGestational trophoblastic disease has been recognized as a form of abnormal pregnancy as early as 1600 AD, and choriocarcinoma was the first cancer to be cured with chemotherapy even in the presence of distant and widespread metastases. Important advances in the past include the standardization of terminology, the concept of assignment of risk and the use of staging systems, the centralization of care and the establishment of regional registries, and of course the development of the radioimmunoassay for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. The current views on the management of this disease recognizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach, with chemotherapy remaining at the forefront but also utilizing newer diagnostic techniques when necessary, and keeping in mind the crucial role that surgery can play especially in resistant cases. At the same time, the importance of basics such as careful follow up after evacuation of a hydatidiform mole cannot be overemphasized. There will be a continual refinement of the chemotherapy regimes used, and the aim is to achieve a similar level of response with decreased toxicity to the patient.
Properties of RNase A Immobilized on Magnetic Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Microspheres
Authors: Horák Daniel , Rittich Bohuslav , Šafář Jan , Španová Alena , Lenfeld Jiří , Beneš Milan J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMagnetic hydrogel microspheres 1.5 μm in size were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of magnetite, which formed the core of the particles. RNase A was coupled to the particles by the cyanuric chloride method. Gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA pUC 19 (contaminated by bacterial RNA) confirmed RNA degradation with the immobilized enzyme. The effect of temperature and pH on the relative activity of immobilized RNase A was estimated after incubation of the samples at different temperatures (30−80 °C) and pH (4.0−8.0). Maximum relative activity was observed at 70 °C and pH 6.5. The matrices based on magnetic poly(HEMA) had a low tendency to adsorb RNA.
Separation of MBP Fusion Proteins through Affinity Membranes
Authors: Cattoli Francesca , Sarti Giulio C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCellulose microporous membranes have been modified in order to obtain a stationary phase specific for the recovery of a class of fusion proteins containing the maltose binding protein domain, through affinity chromatography separations. The feasibility of a single step separation process for the recovery of large amounts of the desired product has been considered. To that purpose, a preparative scale module has been realized, suitable for flat sheet membranes. The affinity matrix used proved to be highly selective toward the fusion proteins examined. The binding capacity determined is comparable with the nominal binding capacity of commercially available supports. The influence of the relevant working parameters, such as flow rate, on the performances of the recovery process has been studied.
Specific Effects of Synthetic Oligopeptides on Cultured Animal Cells
Authors: Franěk František , Katinger Hermann 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSynthetic oligopeptides, tri‐ to pentaglycine and tri‐ and tetraalanine, were found to enhance viable cell density and culture viability when applied at concentrations higher than milllimolar to the cultures of a model hybridoma line. Oligoalanines, in addition, enhanced monoclonal antibody yields. Oligoglycines promoted solely the cell growth, unless the batch culture was fed with a medium concentrate. Examination of the effects of various tripeptides composed of glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, lysine, and histidine showed that some of the peptides promoted the growth of the culture, while other peptides suppressed the growth and enhanced the monoclonal antibody yield. Determination of the levels of amino acids and peptides in culture media indicated that the observed changes of culture parameters were caused by intact peptide molecules, rather than by amino acids liberated from the peptides by enzymic cleavage.
Use of Dye Affinity Chromatography for the Purification of Aerococcusviridans Lactate Oxidase
Authors: Streitenberger Sergio A. , López‐Más José A. , Sánchez‐Ferrer Álvaro , García‐Carmona Francisco 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLactate oxidase was purified from Aerococcus viridans ( A. viridans) by dye affinity chromatography and FPLC ion exchange chromatography. The lactate oxidase could be purified by comparatively simple procedures, the purification achieved from a crude extract of A. viridans was 41‐fold with a specific activity of 143 units/(mg of protein). The purified enzyme was a l ‐ lactate oxidase, which catalyses the conversion of l‐lactate in the presence of molecular oxygen to pyruvate and H2O2. This purified lactate oxidase showed an apparent molecular mass of 48 200 in SDS‐PAGE and the native molecular weight, as estimated by FPLC gel filtration, was 187 300. This molecular weight indicates that lactate oxidase exists in tetrameric form after gel filtration. To differing degrees, all the triazine dyes tested were inhibitors of lactate oxidase, solutions of free triazine dyes showing an inhibition mechanism which was both time‐ and pH‐dependent.
Thermal Denaturation of Lysozyme in a Cosolvent Studied by NMR
Authors: Hancock Timothy J. , Hsu James T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe irreversible denaturation of hen egg white lysozyme was monitored by one‐dimensional1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1D1H NMR). Extended incubation of lysozyme at 75 and 81 °C in 20% w/w PEG 1000 caused more native lysozyme peak intensity loss than at 0% PEG. Further an increase in lysozyme concentration from 3.5 to 10 mM increased the irreversible denaturation as did the increase in temperature from 75 to 81 °C. Additionally, new peaks appeared in most spectra. Intriguingly, spectra in PEG after extended heating all resembled the reversible denatured state, whereas at 0% PEG spectra appeared native at reduced intensity, indicating that PEG causes the denatured state to persist, while without PEG, aggregation may persist. The methylenes and ethers of PEG may paralyze the denaturation and delay aggregation by hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with the denatured state. The results indicate that NMR techniques may have many potential uses in biopharmaceutical industries. NMR may be able to provide further insight into product integrity, such as the extent of irreversible denaturation.
Spontaneous remission of double pulsatile umbilical venous flow in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome: a case report
Authors: Gramellini D. , Ludovici G. , Paita Y. , Merialdi A. , Vadora E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDouble umbilical pulsatile venous flow is a rare event generally associated with fetal right heart failure. We observed, at 21 weeks' gestation, this venous flow pattern in a case of twin‐twin transfusion syndrome occurring in the recipient twin affected by severe hydrops.In spite of a spontaneous remission of fetal hydrops at 30 weeks, the fetus died suddenly in utero, 2 weeks later.We hypothesized that this unexpected event was related to reversed acute twin‐twin transfusion, and concluded that fetal hydrops remission in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome must not be considered as a reassuring prognostic index but as an indication of the need for continuing biophysical monitoring. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Longitudinal spherical aberration and mass of bi‐aspheric aphakic rigid contact lenses
Authors: El‐Nashar Nabil F. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to calculate the longitudinal spherical aberration and thickness, and consequently the mass of aphakic corneal contact lenses in air to determine optimum lens designs. The longitudinal spherical aberration has been calculated by the ray tracing method through the aspheric surfaces. The volume of the lens was computed by solving integrations of rotationally symmetric bodies. The results show that longitudinal spherical aberration can be made zero in ellipsoid–ellipsoid designs for back vertex powers ranging from +8 to +20 dioptres (for a 4 mm marginal axial ray height). A reduction in mass of about 23% was obtained when the anterior surface became ellipsoid and posterior surface spherical for back vertex power +20 dioptres.
Electronic states and potential energy surfaces of H2Te, H2Po, and their positive ions
Authors: Sumathi K. , Balasubramanian K. 
Published: July 2002

Geometries, bond energies, ionization potentials, dipole moments, other one-electron properties, and potential energy surfaces of six valence electronic states of H2Te and H2Po species are obtained using the relativistic complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by full second-order configuration interaction (SOCI) and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations including spin–orbit coupling. In addition, Rydberg states of H2Te and H2Se are studied to interpret the experimental spectra.
The potential energy surfaces of two electronic states of H2Te+ and H2Po+ are obtained. The ground states of both H2Te and H2Po are found to be of X 1A1(A1) symmetry with bent (C2v) equilibrium geometries of H2Te:re=1.668 Å, θe=91.2°; and H2Po:re=1.835 Å and θe=90.9°. The ground states of H2Te+ and H2Po+ are X 2B1 with H2Te+:re=1.676 Å, θe=90.7° and H2Po+:re=1.828 Å and θe=88°. The De (HTe–H) and De (HPo–H) including spin–orbit effects are calculated as 63.2 and 39.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The X 2B1(E)−A 2A1(E) energy separations of H2Te+ and H2Po+ ions are calculated as 66.6 and 76 kcal/mol, respectively. The adiabatic IPs of H2Te and H2Po are calculated as 8.47 and 7.79 eV, respectively. In addition CASSCF/SOCI/RCI calculations are also carried out on the X 2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2 states of TeH and PoH diatomics. The X 2Π3/2–2Π1/2 energy separations of TeH and PoH are computed as 3710 and 9920 cm−1, respectively. Spin–orbit effects are thus found to be very significant for PoH and H2Po. All excited states of H2Te and H2Po are above 3.7 and 3.1 eV, respectively. Properties and energy separations of H2Te and H2Po are compared with the lighter group (VI) H2Ch species.
Multiple intermolecular bend vibrational excitation of a hydrogen bond: An extended infrared study of OCOHF
Authors: Nesbitt David J. , Lovejoy Christopher M. 
Published: July 2002

We report the use of near infrared tunable difference frequency laser absorption methods to investigate low-frequency bending of the intermolecular hydrogen bond in OCOHF complexes. By deliberate thermal warming of the slit jet expansion to 16 K, we observe bending ‘‘hot band’’ transitions built on the fundamental vHF=1←0 HF stretch from the lowest five internally excited bending states (i.e., vlbend=00←00, 11←11, 20←20, 22←22, and 31←31) which correspond to low-frequency, skeletal bending of the intermolecular hydrogen bond. In addition, much weaker parallel (Δl=0) combination band transitions (vlbend=20←00 and 31←11 ) are observed at ≲5% of the 00←00 intensity. Furthermore, measurements of the extremely weak 11←00 perpendicular (Δl=1) band are obtained at ≲1% of the 00←00 intensity. The fundamental, hot band, and combination band data permit quantitative measurement of the absolute vibrational energies of all vibrational levels for the l=0 and 1 manifolds in both HF excited (vHF=1) and ground-state (vHF=0) complexes.
The bending frequencies are surprisingly low (∼10 cm−1 ) and exhibit positive anharmonicity (i.e., the energy level spacings increase with vlbend ). The results suggest nearly unrestricted bending of the hydrogen bond in a very flat, highly anharmonic angular potential. In contrast with many other weakly bound complexes, the lowest bending frequency decreases dramatically upon HF excitation, which signals a vHF vibrationally induced shift from a linear to a nonlinear equilibrium geometry for the vHF=1 excited OCOHF potential surface. Excess Lorentzian line widths are observed in all OCOHF transitions, attributable to vibrational predissociation lifetimes that vary smoothly from 1.2 ns (vlbend=00) to 650 ps (vlbend=31) as a function of intermolecular bending excitation.
The Ar–HF intermolecular potential: Overtone spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
Authors: Chang Huan-C. , Tao Fu-Ming , Klemperer William , Healey Catherine , Hutson Jeremy M. 
Published: July 2002

The vibrational dependence of the intermolecular potential of Ar–HF is investigated through the spectra of levels correlating with HF(v=3). We have previously reported measurements of the (vbKn)=(3000), (3100), and (3110) levels of Ar–HF using intracavity laser-induced fluorescence in a slit supersonic jet [J. Chem. Phys. 98, 2497 (1993)]. These levels are found to be well reproduced (within 0.1 cm−1) by the Ar–HF H6(4,3,2) potential [J. Chem. Phys. 96, 6752 (1992)]. The second overtone experiments are extended to include the (3002) state which is coupled to (3110) through Coriolis interaction, and the (3210) state which is more sensitive to higher-order anisotropic terms in the potential. The observations establish that the level (3002) lies 0.229 cm−1 below (3110), with upper state rotational constant B=0.085 89 cm−1. This is in good accord with the predictions of the H6(4,3,2) potential. The (3210) state lies at 11 484.745 cm−1 with B=0.099 79 cm−1. The band origin is 1.7 cm−1 higher than predicted, and thus contains important new information on the vibrational dependence of the potential. Several detailed features of the spectra can be explained using the H6(4,3,2) potential. The Q-branch lines of the (3210)←(0000) band show evidence of a weak perturbation, which can be explained in terms of mixing with the (3112) state. The (3210) spectrum exhibits parity-dependent rotational predissociation and the widths of the P- and R-branch lines and the magnitude of the l-type doubling can be explained in terms of coupling to the (3200) state, which is estimated to lie 4 cm−1 below the (3210) state.
The Q-branch lines show a predissociation cutoff above Q(16); this is in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the H6(4,3,2) potential, but suggests that the binding energy calculated for the potential may be about 1 cm−1 too large. To examine the potential further, high-level ab initio calculations are performed, with an efficient basis set incorporating bond functions. The calculations give a well depth of 92%–95% of that of the H6(4,3,2) potential at θ=0° for v=0 and v=3, respectively; this is in line with earlier results on rare gas pairs. The calculations also reproduce the anisotropy of the H6(4,3,2) potential and its vibrational dependence. The dependence of the intermolecular potential on HF bond length is found explicitly.
The mechanism of sawtooth precursors and sawtooth relaxations
Authors: Rogister André , Kaleck Armin , Psimopoulos Michalis , Hasselberg Günter 
Published: July 2002

It is shown that certain specific properties are requested from the current density profile in order to arrive at a coherent theoretical explanation of the sawtooth phenomenon in tokamaks: (1) the shear ŝ must be small at the q=1 surface (hence the current density profile has a plateau or shoulder in the neighborhood of q=1); (2) J′ varies abruptly not far away from q=1 (in particular, the outer edge of the plateau is close to q=1). Indeed, when these conditions are satisfied, the contribution to the jump of the derivative of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solution ([Ψ′]r1) from those terms that are proportional to ε2 (ε is the inverse aspect ratio) is not negligible. It is, moreover, opposite in sign to the usual contribution ([Ψ(0)′]r1∝ŝ1) so that the inverse of the logarithmic jump 1/Δ′∝Ψr1/[Ψ′]r1 can now take on either positive values (ŝ1&gt;ŝ1,c), or negative ones (ŝ1&lt;ŝ1,c), or can ‘‘diverge’’ (1/Δ′→±∞ for ŝ1→ŝ1,c).
The growth rate reaches very large values when 1/Δ′→−∞ (i.e., [Ψ′]r1→0−) and its rapid acceleration observed shortly before the crash can now be explained: The ontology of the sawtooth rise and crash requires indeed that ŝ1 always be smaller than ŝ1,c (hence, 1/Δ′&lt;0 opposite to conventional wisdom!) and approach this value from below at the onset of the collapse. Current density [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 263] as well as density [Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics 1989 (EPS, Geneva, 1989), Vol. 13 B, II-565] plateaus and shoulders have been observed in TEXTOR discharges. This and other comparisons with experiment, including the acceleration rate of the perturbation, are discussed. Analysis of the particle trajectories in the perturbed magnetic structure yields an amplitude criterion for the onset of collapse that agrees well with observations on TEXTOR. The ontology of the crash phase requires an ambipolar electric field to build up inside the q=1 surface so that only suprathermal electrons are lost. This enables the calculation of ratios of the density, current density, and electron temperature crashes; these are found to agree with the measured ratios. Theory finally suggests that the sawtooth limitation of the central temperature is not unavoidable.