bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung-Protective Ventilation Attenuates Mechanical Injury While Hypercapnia Attenuates Biological Injury in a Rat Model of Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury
Authors: Ismaiel Nada , Whynot Sara , Geldenhuys Laurette , Xu Zhaolin , Slutsky Arthur S. , Chappe Valerie , Henzler Dietrich 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: Lung-protective mechanical ventilation is known to attenuate ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), but often at the expense of hypoventilation and hypercapnia. It remains unclear whether the main mechanism by which VALI is attenuated is a product of limiting mechanical forces to the lung during ventilation, or a direct biological effect of hypercapnia.Methods: Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced in 60 anesthetized rats by the instillation of 1.25 M HCl into the lungs via tracheostomy. Ten rats each were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups and ventilated for 4 h with: 1) Conventional HighVENormocapnia (high VT, high minute ventilation, normocapnia), 2) Conventional Normocapnia (high VT, normocapnia), 3) Protective Normocapnia (VT 8 ml/kg, high RR), 4) Conventional iCO2Hypercapnia (high VT, low RR, inhaled CO2), 5) Protective iCO2Hypercapnia (VT 8 ml/kg, high RR, added CO2), 6) Protective endogenous Hypercapnia (VT 8 ml/kg, low RR). Blood gasses, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and tissue specimens were collected and analyzed for histologic and biologic lung injury assessment.Results: Mild ALI was achieved in all groups characterized by a decreased mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio from 428 to 242 mmHg (p &lt; 0.05), and an increased mean elastance from 2.46 to 4.32 cmH2O/L (p &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in gas exchange among groups. Wet-to-dry ratios and formation of hyaline membranes were significantly lower in low VT groups compared to conventional tidal volumes. Hypercapnia reduced diffuse alveolar damage and IL-6 levels in the BALF, which was also true when CO2 was added to conventional VT. In low VT groups, hypercapnia did not induce any further protective effect except increasing pulmonary IL-10 in the BALF. No differences in lung injury were observed when hypercapnia was induced by adding CO2 or decreasing minute ventilation, although permissive hypercapnia decreased the pH significantly and decreased liver histologic injury.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that low tidal volume ventilation likely attenuates VALI by limiting mechanical damage to the lung, while hypercapnia attenuates VALI by limiting pro-inflammatory and biochemical mechanisms of injury. When combined, both lung-protective ventilation and hypercapnia have the potential to exert an synergistic effect for the prevention of VALI.
Neural Response to Low Energy and High Energy Foods in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Functional MRI Study
Authors: Donnelly Brooke , Foroughi Nasim , Williams Mark , Touyz Stephen , Madden Sloane , Kohn Michael , Clark Simon , Sachdev Perminder , Peduto Anthony , Caterson Ian , Russell Janice , Hay Phillipa 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are eating disorders (EDs) characterized by recurrent binge eating (BE) episodes. Overlap exists between ED diagnostic groups, with BE episodes presenting one clinical feature that occurs transdiagnostically. Neuroimaging of the responses of those with BN and BED to disorder-specific stimuli, such as food, is not extensively investigated. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there have been no previous published studies examining the neural response of individuals currently experiencing binge eating, to low energy foods. Our objective was to examine the neural responses to both low energy and high energy food images in three emotive categories (disgust; fear; and happy) in BN and BED participants.MethodsNineteen females with BN (n = 14) or BED (n = 5), comprising the binge eating group (BEG; N = 19), and 19 age-matched healthy control (HC)’s completed thorough clinical assessment prior to functional MRI (fMRI). Neural response to low energy and high energy foods and non-food images was compared between groups using whole-brain exploratory analyses, from which six regions of interest (ROI) were then selected: frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes; insula and cingulate.ResultsIn response to low energy food images, the BEG demonstrated differential neural responses to all three low energy foods categories (disgust; fear; and happy) compared to HCs. Correlational analyses found a significant association between frequency of binge episodes and diminished temporal lobe and greater occipital lobe response. In response to high energy food images, compared to HC’s, the BEG demonstrated significantly decreased neural activity in response to all high energy food images. The HC’s had significantly greater neural activity in the limbic system, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and limbic system in response to high energy food images.ConclusionResults in the low energy food condition indicate that binge frequency may be related to increased aberrant neural responding. Furthermore, differences were found between groups in all ROI’s except the insula. The neural response seen in the BEG to disgust food images may indicate disengagement with this particular stimuli. In the high energy food condition, results demonstrate that neural activity in BN and BED patients may decrease in response to high energy foods, suggesting disengagement with foods that may be more consistent with those consumed during a binge eating episode.
Case Report: Right Insular Stroke Causing Simultaneous Onset of a Functional Vestibular Disorder and Psychiatric Disorder—Persistent Postural–Perceptual Dizziness and Post–stroke Depression
Authors: Fipps David C. , Staab Jeffrey P. , Allen Nicholas D. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPersistent postural–perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional vestibular disorder that can be precipitated by acquired brain injuries. Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric sequela of stroke, affecting 33% of stroke survivors. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of PPPD and PSD are not fully understood.Case ReportA 40-year-old woman developed new, debilitating chronic dizziness exacerbated by her own motion and exposure to visual motion stimuli plus prolonged depressive symptoms, both beginning within days after a localized right insular stroke. A collaborative evaluation by specialists in neurology, otorhinolaryngology, optometry, and psychiatry concluded that the insular stroke caused simultaneous onset of PPPD and PSD.DiscussionPrior case reports described short-lived vertigo following insular strokes, but no long-term vestibular symptoms without ongoing nystagmus or gait ataxia. In this case, chronic dizziness and motion sensitivity continued in the absence of focal neurologic deficits, invoking the possibility that changes in functioning of brain networks subserving spatial orientation persisted despite otherwise adequate recovery from the stroke, a mechanism previously proposed for PPPD. This case also reinforced prior work implicating pathways through the insula in PSD. Co-occurrence of PPPD and PSD offers insights into simultaneous functions of the insula in multiple networks in human brain.
Trends in Mortality From Novel Psychoactive Substances as “Legal Highs”: Gender Differences in Manner of Death and Implications for Risk Differences for Women
Authors: Webb Lucy , Shi Xin , Goodair Christine , Cheeta Survjit 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to examine drug-related deaths in the UK in which novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are an implicated substance, and to focus on female deaths in comparison with male deaths. While male overdoses dominate epidemiological statistics, there is an increase in female drug-related deaths and a narrowing of the gap between gender mortality rates which is to date unexplained.MethodThis study analyzed data from the National Programme for Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) database that records drug-related deaths in the UK from coronial records. A dataset was constructed using parameters to capture all drug-related cases during the period 2007–2017 when NPS were legal and highly available in the UK, in order to capture deaths recorded among both regular and occasional drug users, and to include all cases recorded during that period regardless of NPS status in order to make comparisons. The final dataset comprised 10,159 cases, with 456 NPS-related deaths. Data for NPS and non-NPS were compared, and comparisons were made between cohorts by gender. The dataset also includes coronial narrative notes which allowed a qualitative analysis of NPS female deaths to add contextual explanation.ResultsThe proportion of male NPS deaths is significantly higher than that for female NPS deaths but does not reflect the generalized difference between male and female drug-related mortality of this period studied. Demographic and outcome data by gender difference were significant for all drug-related deaths, but not for NPS-only deaths, indicating a greater homogeneity among NPS deaths by gender. Older women using NPS were more likely to have methadone or diazepam as another drug implicated and have established histories of drug misuse.ConclusionWhere NPS have been used, differences in drug death profiles are less likely to be accounted for by gender than other demographic or behavioral differences more typically found in opiate deaths. The social and health problems of older women may be key characteristics that differentiate female deaths from male deaths. These findings also support evidence of increasing uptake of NPS among older established drug users that adds further risk to polydrug use.
Selling World Health Organization's Alcohol “Best Buys” and Other Recommended Interventions in an Urban Chinese Population: Public Acceptability of Alcohol Harms Reduction Strategies in Hong Kong
Authors: Yu Jiazhou , Dong Dong , Sumerlin Timothy S. , Goggins William B. , Feng Qi , Kim Jean H. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo counter the harms caused by alcohol use, the World Health Organization (WHO) outlined a series of evidence-based recommendations, including the highly cost-effective “Best Buys” recommendations. While many Western countries have been actively introducing alcohol harms reduction strategies, it is unclear whether these cost-effective policies would be publicly acceptable in Asian regions with traditionally low alcohol consumption. This study examines the public acceptability of WHO-recommended alcohol harms reduction strategies in an Asian city with few extant alcohol regulations.MethodsA cross-sectional telephone survey of Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 18–74 (n = 4,000) was conducted from January to August 2018. Respondents were asked about their perceptions of various WHO-recommended strategies and consequences of their implementation. After reducing the strategies into several policy categories by principal component analysis, multivariable linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with endorsement of the various policies.ResultsAmong the “Best Buys”, introduction of moderate beer/wine taxes (68.7%) and shortened alcohol retail hours (51.9%) were the most supported while bans on event sponsorships (19.5%) and public drinking events (17.7%) were the least popular. Strategies targeting young drinkers were particularly highly supported. Males, younger adults, Non-abstainers, and those who believed in drinking's social benefits were less likely to endorse stringent control measures (p &lt; 0.05). Adults with higher household income were less supportive, partially due to concerns about infringements on local economy, lifestyles, and economic freedom. Women and older people were generally more supportive, partially because they perceived these policies would lower alcohol-related harms.ConclusionIn order to reduce barriers to implementing WHO-recommended strategies in the region, it is imperative to increase awareness of alcohol-related harms and to strengthen beliefs in the effectiveness of these countermeasures, especially among men, young adults, and drinkers.
A Fuzzy-set Approach to Re-Exploring Work-related Stress-outcome Relationships: Implications for Research Methods, Theory and Practice
Authors: Cassar Vincent , Bezzina Frank , Fabri Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

This study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to re-examine the more traditional correlational and regression models used to understand work stress and outcome relationships. Indeed, theoretical frameworks have been constructed underlying this premise and so have interventions assumed such principles. This study argues that the relationship between perception of stressors is not necessarily continuously linear and hence assessing non-linear but also more complex configurations becomes pivotal. While it is acknowledged that theory is important to simplify the explanation underlying the phenomenon of interest, likewise theory should also acknowledge new patterns that hide ‘inside’ the data and which reveal new pockets of information that explain the phenomenon better. Therefore, in line with calls for researchers to explore further new configurational patterns in the data and thus help build and refine theory, we examine potential complex associations between work-related stress and salient outcomes namely mental health, physical symptoms, presenteeism and intention to quit using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis instead of the more traditional correlational approach. Fuzzy-set methodology involves a number of parameters that include non-linearity but also equifinality and asymmetric associations. Reponses were obtained from 509 employees who volunteered to fill in a work-related stress questionnaire as part of a wider campaign related to the management of psychosocial hazards at work and the data was subject to fuzzy-set configuration analysis between stressors and outcomes. Fuzzy-set analyses revealed that specific points of high or low levels of work stress did not necessarily concur with more common regression results but revealed interesting pattern associations between work related stress and outcomes. The results imply that by adopting traditional methods, the relations observed would be either over- or under- estimated and researchers are urged to explore new research methodological approaches such as fuzzy-set methodology in the analyses of their data that may reveal new patterns and hence better inform both theory and practice.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI SIMULASI 3D PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS DESKTOP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) (STUDI KASUS: SMA NEGERI 1 BUKIT BATU)
Authors: Dewi Meilany , Yanti Meiri 
Published: April 2022

Elastisitas zat padat, fluida statik, fluida dinamik, dan termodinamika merupakan empat materi yang diajarkan pada pelajaran fisika untuk siswa SMA kelas XI. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, metode konvensional dengan bantuan media konvensional masih menimbulkan kesulitan dikarenakan keterbatasan informasi, serta kurangnya alat peraga untuk menunjang pembelajaran. Sehingga diperlukannya suatu media pembelajaran baru yang dapat menjelaskan materi fisika secara interaktif dan dipergunakan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran baru untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materi. Oleh karena itu, akan dibangun sebuah aplikasi pembelajaran tentang fisika dengan materi elastisitas zat padat, fluida statik, fluida dinamik dan termodinamika berbasis desktop yang akan menampilkan simulasi penerapan dan materi tersebut. Aplikasi ini telah berhasil dibangun dengan fungsionalitas yang berjalan baik serta materi yang tervalidasi untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materi yang disajikan dengan diperolehnya peningkatan yang lebih unggul dibandingkan media konvensional, yakni 21,33% untuk elastisitas zat padat, 14% untuk fluida statik, 16% untuk fluida dinamik, dan 19% untuk termodinamika. Serta dapat dijadikan alternatif media pembelajaran interaktif untuk guru dalam menyampaikan materi yang disajikan dengan diperolehnya hasil pengujian kepuasan sebesar 89,21% dengan kategori sangat baik serta pengujian usabilitas sebesar 73,20% yang menunjukkan aplikasi telah bersifat acceptable.
Pengaruh Metode Bercerita dengan Gambar dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sari Lina , Aulia Prima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The issue discussed is that several children's communication skills are still low. So, this study aims to determine the effects of storytelling with pictures in improving early childhood communication skills. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of Quasy Experiment research. The research sample consisted of two groups, namely the experimental and control groups with 17 children each. This research took place in TK Negeri 01 Tiumang, Dharmasraya Regency. Data collection techniques in the form of tests, observations, and documentation, with quantitative analysis. Based on the post-test scores of the experimental group, it was found that there was an increase in the average score of children's communication skills before and after being given treatment, from 12.05 to 17.23. Furthermore, the results of the calculation of the Man-Whitney test show that the Asymp value. Sig (2-tailed) 0.001 is smaller than 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05), so that the results of the study show that there is a significant effect of using the storytelling method with pictures in improving early childhood communication skills. then the results of the effect size test show that the effect is high with a total of 0.899 (d > 0.8).

Abstrak
Permasalahan pada penelitian adalah kemampuan komunikasi anak yang tergolong masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bercerita dengan gambar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang berjenis Quasy Experiment. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan control, masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 17 orang anak. Penelitian ini bertempat di TK Negeri 01 Tiumang Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Berdasar pada nilai post-test, diperoleh adanya kenaikan skor, rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan pada kelompok eksperimen, yakni dari 12,05 menjadi 17,23. Selanjutnya, dari hasil perhitungan uji Man-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) 0,001 lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,001 < 0.05), sehingga diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan metode bercerita dengan gambar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi anak usia dini. Lalu dari hasil uji effect size menunjukkan efeknya tergolong tinggi dengan jumlah 0,899 (d > 0,8).
Efficacy of Paracetamol Compared to Ibuprofen on Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants
Authors: Rondonuwu Alviolita P. , Rompis Johnny L. , Waworuntu David S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease caused by failure of the ductus arteriosus to close immediately after birth. PDA can cause hemodynamic disturbances in premature infants as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it needs to be closed immediately. Closuring of the PDA can use ibuprofen as a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, however, there are potential side effects. Paracetamol can be used as an alternative that acts as a peroxidase (POX) inhibitor with few side effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of paracetamol and ibuprofen on PDA closure in premature infants. This was a literature review, using four databases, such as Pubmed, ClinicalKey, Cochrane and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were paracetamol AND ibuprofen AND patent ductus arteriosus AND preterm AND newborn. Selection with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 13 articles. Paracetamol was as effective as ibuprofen for PDA closure therapy in premature infants. Paracetamol was safer than ibuprofen due to ibuprofen’s side effects. In conclusion, paracetamol is as effective as ibuprofen and is safer to be used in PDA closure therapy in premature babies.Keywords: paracetamol; ibuprofen; patent ductus arteriosus; preterm; newborn Abstrak: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) adalah penyakit jantung kongenital akibat gagalnya ductus arteriosus untuk menutup segera setelah lahir. PDA dapat menyebabkan gangguan hemodinamika pada bayi prematur, serta meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas sehingga perlu segera ditutup. Penutupan PDA dapat menggunakan ibuprofen sebagai penghambat cyclo oxygenase (COX), namun terdapat efek samping potensial yang ditimbulkan. Parasetamol dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif yang bekerja menghambat peroksidase (POX) dengan sedikit efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efikasi parasetamol dan ibuprofen untuk penutupan PDA pada bayi prematur. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review, menggunakan empat database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, Cochrane dan ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu paracetamol AND ibuprofen AND patent ductus arteriosus AND preterm AND newborn. Hasil seleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mendapatkan 13 literatur. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa parasetamol sama efektif dengan ibuprofen untuk terapi penutupan PDA pada bayi prematur. Parasetamol lebih aman dibandingkan ibuprofen akibat efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah parasetamol sama efektif dengan ibuprofen serta lebih aman untuk digunakan sebagai terapi penutupan PDA pada bayi prematur.Kata kunci: parasetamol; ibuprofen; patent ductus arteriosus; prematur; bayi
Sikap dan pengetahuan peternak dalam menerima materi penyuluhan untuk pengembangan usaha peternakan babi di Kelurahan Sendangan dan Kelurahan Sendangan Selatan
Authors: Lenzun G D , Rintjap A K , Wantasen E 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sikap dan pengetahuan masyarakat peternak babi dalam menerima materi penyuluhan di Kelurahan Sendangan dan Kelurahan Sendangan Selatan Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Penelitian menggunakan teknik survey dengan bantuan daftar pertanyaan yang diberikan kepada responden. Penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode purposive sampling sedangkan sampel responden peternak di tentukan secara quota sampling sebanyak 44 responden. Data yang diperoleh di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi rank spearman. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa sikap dan pengetahuan peternak dalam menerima materi penyuluhan di kelurahan Sendangan dan kelurahan Sendangan Selatan kecamatan Kawangkoan sudah baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis rank spearman ada hubungan yang signifikan (P<0.01) antara sikap dan pengetahuan peternak terhadap materi penyuluhan dengan nilai korelasi 0,873 yang berarti ada hubungan yang sangat kuat dan positif dan searah.
Key Data-Based Church Growth in Indonesia From Evangelical Perspective and Critical Review of Them
Authors: Wulandari Wahyoe Rita 
Published: April 2022

The datas which is contained in the books of church growth are mostly non-empirical research, on the other hand only raises subject of motivational, hope & promises and apologetic figures. Empirical research approach on the theme or theology of church growth produces data with factual figures. Bilangan Research Center (BRC) is an empirical research institute that provides relevant, valid and current reference data on Christian spirituality and church growth. Spirituality and church growth are discussed using a national-level empirical research database. This paper examines the BRC from an evangelical perspective and critiques its findings from an ecumenical perspective.