bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development cycle of a potential biocontrol agent: the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus, and comparison with the commercial biocontrol agent Aphidoletes aphidimyza
Authors: Ouattara Téné Yacine , Fournier Marc , Rojo Santos , Lucas Eric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a major economic problem in numerous crops, including pepper, melon, and potato. Larvae of the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae), are common aphidophagous natural enemies in agrosystems in North America. The objective of the present study was to characterize the development cycle of E. americanus in order to evaluate its potential as a biocontrol agent. The development cycle, survival rate, and adult longevity of E. americanus were determined and compared with those of the commercial aphid midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) under laboratory conditions, using the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), as prey. The complete preimaginal development time, pupal development time, egg hatching rate, sex ratio, and survival rate were not different between E. americanus and the commercial A. aphidimyza. The larval developmental time was longer in the syrphid species, increasing the predation window. Finally, the adult longevity of the syrphid was drastically longer than that of A. aphidimyza. These results demonstrate a potential for E. americanus as a new aphidophagous biocontrol agent.
Early plasma biomarker dynamic profiles are associated with acute ischemic stroke outcomes
Authors: Correia Manuel , Silva Isabel , Gabriel Denis , Simrén Joel , Carneiro Angelo , Ribeiro Sara , Dória Hugo Mota , Varela Ricardo , Aires Ana , Minta Karolina , Antunes Rui , Felgueiras Rui , Castro Pedro , Blenow Kaj , Magalhães Rui , Zetterberg Henrik , Maia Luis F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly outcome prediction after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) might be improved with blood‐based biomarkers. We investigated whether the longitudinal profile of a multi‐marker panel could predict the outcome of successfully recanalized AIS patients.MethodsWe used ultrasensitive single‐molecule array (Simoa) to measure glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), total‐tau (t‐tau) and ELISA for brevican in a prospective study of AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion successfully submitted to thrombectomy. Plasma was obtained at admission, upon treatment, 24 h and 72 h after treatment. Clinical and neuroimaging outcomes were assessed independently.ResultsThirty‐five patients (64.8%) had good early clinical or neuroimaging outcome. Baseline biomarker levels did not distinguish between outcomes. However, longitudinal intra‐individual biomarker changes followed different dynamic profiles with time and according to outcome. GFAP levels exhibited an early and prominent increase between admission and just after treatment. NfL increase was less pronounced between admission and up to 24 h. T‐tau increased between treatment and 24 h. Interestingly, GFAP rate‐of‐change (pg/ml/h) between admission and immediately after recanalization had a good discriminative capacity between clinical outcomes (AUC = 0.88, p < 0.001), which was higher than admission CT‐ASPECTS (AUC = 0.75, p < 0.01). T‐tau rate‐of‐change provided moderate discriminative capacity (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.05). Moreover, in AIS patients with admission CT‐ASPECTS <9 both GFAP and NfL rate‐of‐change were good outcome predictors (AUC = 0.82 and 0.77, p < 0.05).ConclusionEarly GFAP, t‐tau and NfL rate‐of‐change in plasma can predict AIS clinical and neuroimaging outcome after successful recanalization. Such dynamic measures match and anticipate neuroimaging predictive capacity, potentially improving AIS patient stratification for treatment, and targeting individualized stroke care.
Left rotation and dorsoventral collapse of the trachea on an adult Dartmoor cross‐gelding: Imaging diagnosis
Authors: Rosa M. J. , Rubio‐Martinez L. M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA 9‐year‐old Dartmoor cross‐gelding was referred for investigation and treatment of exercise intolerance, cough and abnormal respiratory noise. Endoscopic examination revealed the presence of left 90‐degree rotation and dorsoventral collapse of the entire cervical trachea. Although the tracheal collapse was not obvious on laterolateral radiographs, these showed the abnormal presence of tracheal cartilages along with the dorsal and ventral limits of the trachea. Oblique radiographs showed partial tracheal collapse in the caudal aspect of the neck. Ultrasound examination revealed the presence of tracheal cartilages on the right side of the neck, dorsal tracheal ligament along with the left side of the neck and the junction between tracheal cartilage and dorsal tracheal ligament coursing over the ventral aspect of the neck. This report highlights the value of detailed examination of standard and non‐standard radiographic and ultrasound imaging of the trachea to achieve correct diagnosis of tracheal collapse when associated with tracheal rotation.
Soil fauna drives vertical redistribution of soil organic carbon in a long‐term irrigated dry pine forest
Authors: Guidi Claudia , Frey Beat , Brunner Ivano , Meusburger Katrin , Vogel Michael E. , Chen Xiaomei , Stucky Tobias , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. , Skubała Piotr , Bose Arun K. , Schaub Marcus , Rigling Andreas , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSummer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought‐sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long‐term SOC storage.In a drought‐prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large‐scale irrigation experiment for 17 years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh‐size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.The 17‐year‐long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (−1.0 kg C m−2) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8 kg C m−2) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso‐ and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal‐mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many‐fold increase in the abundance of meso‐ and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought‐sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal‐mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.
Wood density and hydraulic traits influence species’ growth response to drought across biomes
Authors: Serra‐Maluquer Xavier , Gazol Antonio , Anderegg William R. L. , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Mencuccini Maurizio , Camarero Jesús Julio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTree species display a wide variety of water‐use strategies, growth rates and capacity to tolerate drought. However, if we want to forecast species capacity to cope with increasing aridity and drought, we need to identify which measurable traits confer resilience to drought across species. Here, we use a global tree ring network (65 species; 1931 site series of ring‐width indices—RWI) to evaluate the relationship of long‐term growth‐drought sensitivity (RWI‐SPEI drought index relationship) and short‐term growth response to extreme drought episodes (resistance, recovery and resilience indices) with functional traits related to leaf, wood and hydraulic properties. Furthermore, we assess the influence of climate (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit) on these trait‐growth relationships. We found a close correspondence between the long‐term relationship between RWI and SPEI and resistance and recovery of tree growth to severe drought episodes. Species displaying a stronger RWI‐SPEI relationship to drought and low resistance and high recovery to extreme drought episodes tended to have a higher wood density (WD) and more negative leaf minimum water potential (Ψmin). Such associations were largely maintained when accounting for direct climate effects. Our results indicate that, at a cross‐species level and global scale, wood and hydraulic functional traits explain species’ growth responses to drought at short‐ and long‐term scales. These trait‐growth response relationships can improve our understanding of the cross‐species capacity to withstand climate change and inform models to better predict drought effects on forest ecosystem dynamics.
PARP1 is activated by membrane damage and is involved in membrane repair through poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation
Authors: Mashimo Masato , Kita Momoko , Nobeyama Akari , Nomura Atsuo , Fujii Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMono(ADP‐ribosyl)ation and poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation are posttranslational modifications evolutionarily conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They entail transfer of one or more ADP‐ribose moieties from NAD+ to acceptor proteins with the simultaneous release of nicotinamide. The resultant ADP‐ribosylated acceptor proteins regulate diverse cellular functions. For instance, ADP‐ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) catalyzes mono(ADP‐ribosyl)ation of arginine residues in Trim72, a protein specifically expressed in muscle cells and involved in cell membrane repair, which is enhanced upon its ADP‐ribosylation. By contrast, the contribution made by ADP‐ribosylation to membrane repair in epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ADP‐ribosylation in cell membrane repair in HEK293T and HeLa cells. We found that upon induction of membrane damage using streptolysin‐O, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzed poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation. In scratch assays, inhibition of PARP1 activity using the nonspecific PARP inhibitor PJ34 or shRNA targeting PARP1 delayed wound healing, suggesting that PARP1‐catalyzed poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation plays a key role in membrane repair in epithelial cells.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study biocompatibility of endodontic materials
Authors: Hosseinpour Sepanta , Gaudin Alexis , Peters Ove A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaterials used for endodontics and with direct contact to tissues have a wide range of indications, from vital pulpal treatments to root filling materials and those used in endodontic surgery. In principle, interaction with dental materials may result in damage to tissues locally or systemically. Thus, a great variety of test methods are applied to evaluate a materials' potential risk of adverse biological effects to ensure their biocompatibility before commercialization. However, the results of biocompatibility evaluations are dependent on not only the tested materials but also the test methods due to the diversity of these effects and numerous variables involved. In addition, diverse biological effects require equally diverse assessments on a structured and planned approach. Such a structured assessment of the materials consists of four phases: general toxicity, local tissue irritation, pre‐clinical tests and clinical evaluations. Various types of screening assays are available; it is imperative to understand their advantages and limitations to recognize their appropriateness and for an accurate interpretation of their results. Recent scientific advances are rapidly introducing new materials to endodontics including nanomaterials, gene therapy and tissue engineering biomaterials. These new modalities open a new era to restore and regenerate dental tissues; however, all these new technologies can also present new hazards to patients. Before any clinical usage, new materials must be proven to be safe and not hazardous to health. Certain international standards exist for safety evaluation of dental materials (ISO 10993 series, ISO 7405 and ISO 14155‐1), but researchers often fail to follow these standards due to lack of access to standards, limitation of the guidelines and complexity of new experimental methods, which may cause technical errors. Moreover, many laboratories have developed their testing strategy for biocompatibility, which makes any comparison between findings more difficult. The purpose of this review was to discuss the concept of biocompatibility, structured test programmes and international standards for testing the biocompatibility of endodontic material biocompatibility. The text will further detail current test methods for evaluating the biocompatibility of endodontic materials, and their advantages and limitations.
A critical analysis of laboratory and clinical research methods to study root and canal anatomy
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe technical execution of root canal treatment procedures demands a thorough understanding and knowledge of root and canal anatomy. Over the decades, and with the aid of various research methods such as staining and clearing, 2D radiographic imaging, sectioning procedures, cone beam computed tomography and micro‐computed tomography, many laboratory and clinical studies have been undertaken to understand the root and canal anatomy of the human dentition. This has resulted in a tremendous increase in the body of knowledge with a wide range of qualitative and quantitative presentations of the root and canal anatomy. This review aims to provide a critical analysis for the laboratory and clinical research methods in root and canal anatomy studies. In addition, it aims to identify existing gaps and present insights for directions of future research and ways for translation to clinical endodontics.
The effects of self‐awareness on consumer evaluation of experiential creation
Authors: Min Bora , Wakslak Cheryl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf‐awareness is increasingly invoked in consumer contexts. The current studies find that self‐awareness heightened during product creation interacts with consumers’ chronic self‐focus tendency and the level of autonomy‐constraint of the task to influence consumer experience. Prior findings suggest that (a) self‐awareness makes individually valued standards salient and (b) consumers who are chronically more (less) self‐conscious value conformity (autonomy). In line with these two prior findings, results of six studies show that when experiential creation involves constraints on autonomy (i.e., explicit guidance), self‐aware consumers who are chronically more self‐conscious evaluate experiential creation more favorably. In contrast, when products impose less constraints on autonomy (i.e., no explicit guidance), the opposite results emerge. The perceived fit between individuals’ esteemed standards and the level of autonomy‐constraint inherent to the product interaction mediates these effects. This research advances the understanding of self‐awareness theory by considering self‐awareness evoked during experiential creation (vs. recalled in retrospect) and shedding new light on the effect of self‐awareness on a task with rich experiential value.
Substratification of patients with highest‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer helps to identify the candidates for immediate radical cystectomy: A two‐center study
Authors: Yang Tao , Liang Hua , Pei Xinqi , Zhang Nan , Liang Xiao , Zhang Mengzhao , Shao Qiuya , Wang Lu , Ma Minghai , Shi Xinyu , Fan Jinhai 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPerforming immediate radical cystectomy in all patients with the highest‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer results in overtreatment. We confirm whether the substratification of highest‐risk patients can more effectively select suitable patients for radical cystectomy.MethodsPatients with primary T1 high grade bladder cancer from two centers were included and roughly stratified into high‐risk or highest‐risk. The highest‐risk patients were further substratified according to the number of risk factors. Endpoints were tumor recurrence and progression. The predictive accuracy was assessed with internal validation that consists of time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curves.ResultsA total of 262 patients were included. Although highest‐risk patient had a poor prognosis, after further substratification, we found that those with only one factor showed the same prognosis with high‐risk patients (recurrence: hazard ratio 1.79, P = 0.105; progression: hazard ratio 1.38, P = 0.532), while those with ≥2 factors had worst prognosis than high‐risk patients. The 3‐year area under the curve showed that the predictive accuracy of substratification in terms of recurrence and progression were superior to that of non‐substratification (0.685 vs 0.622 and 0.666 vs 0.599, respectively). Additionally, calibration curves showed perfect agreement between the predicted and the actual recurrence and progression.ConclusionsSubstratification of highest‐risk enables us to further optimize the surgical decisions‐making. Highest‐risk patients with one factor show the similar outcomes as high‐risk patients and deserve to try bladder‐sparing treatment, whereas those with ≥2 risk factors were strongly recommended to undergo radical cystectomy.
Pilus proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes stimulate innate immune responses through Toll‐like receptor 2
Authors: Takahashi Risa , Radcliff Fiona J , Proft Thomas , Tsai Catherine J‐Y 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe group A Streptococcus (GAS) pilus is a long, flexible, hair‐like structure anchored to the cell surface that facilitates the adherence of GAS to host cells, thus playing a critical role in initiating infections. Because of its important role in GAS virulence, the pilus has become an attractive target for vaccine development. While current research mainly focuses on pilus function and its potential as a vaccine component, there is a lack of knowledge on how the host immune system recognizes and responds to this abundant surface structure. Here we show that both assembled GAS pili and individual pilus proteins induce a potent release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐8. We further show that the surface‐exposed backbone pilin and ancillary pilin 1 subunits are Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists. Using reporter cell lines coexpressing human TLR2 in combination with either TLR1 or TLR6, we determined that activation was mediated by the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer. Finally, we used solid‐phase and flow cytometry binding assays to illustrate a direct interaction between the pilus subunits and TLR2. These results provide further support for the suitability of the pilus as a vaccine component and opens potential avenues for using GAS pili as an adjuvant or immune‐modulation agent.
Effects of cerium on structures and electrical properties of (Nb, Ta) modified Bi4Ti3O12 piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Xu Yugen , Yang Heng , Guan Shangyi , Shi Wei , Chen Yulin , Huang Chenting , Xing Jie , Liu Hong , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBi4Ti3O12 high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics composed of 0.03 mol (Nb, Ta)5+ substituting B site and x mol CeO2 (x = 0–0.05, abbreviated as BCTNT100x) substituting A site were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction method. The effects of Ce additive on the structures and electrical properties of resulting Bi4Ti3O12‐based ceramics were systematically investigated. In‐situ temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the phase structure of BCTNT100x ceramics change from orthorhombic structure to tetragonal structure as temperature increased. The ceramics at Ce content x = 0.03 illustrated optimal performances with superior piezoelectric constant (d33 = 36.5 pC/N), high Curie temperature (TC = 649 °C), and large remanent polarization (2Pr = 21.6 μC/cm2). BCTNT3 ceramics also possessed high d33 of 32.5 pC/N at an annealing temperature of 600°C, with electrical resistivity preserved at 106 Ω cm at 500 °C. These results demonstrate that BCTNT100x ceramics can be used as high‐temperature piezoelectric devices.
Purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Novosphingobium sp. Cm1 and its waste hydrolysis efficiency and bio-stoning potential
Authors: Goswami Kongkana , Deka Boruah Hari Prasanna , Saikia Ratul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the study was to purify and characterize cellulase from a previously isolated Novosphingobium sp. strain Cm1 and to evaluate its waste hydrolysis and bio-stoning efficiency.

Materials and Methods
There is a growing demand for cellulase, a multipurpose enzyme widely used in industrial applications. Here, we purified cellulase from Novosphingobium sp. Cm1 by cellulose chromatography. SDS-PAGE revealed a molecular mass of 25 kDa. After 18-fold purification, the cellulase had an activity of 31.4 U/mg at pH of 5 and 40°C, and it retained activity at a wide range of pH and temperatures. The presence of Fe2+ and Co2+ boosted the enzyme activity by 57% and 25% respectively. The hydrolysing capacity of the strain towards cellulosic material was assessed for two paper types and the highest activity (2.6 ± 0.05 U/ml) was found with filter paper as the sole carbon source. Alterations in the structure of the papers as a result of bacterial hydrolysis were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The strain was also tested for its potential in various industrial applications and exhibited pectinolytic activity (6.78 ± 0.68 U/ml), xylanolytic activity (0.22 ± 0.14 U/ml) and bio-stoning ability.

Conclusion
The highly active purified cellulase has a broad pH and temperature range. The strain possesses waste-hydrolysing ability, pectinolytic and xylanolytic ability along with bio-stoning capacity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The efficacy and versatility of the enzyme from Novosphingobium sp. Cm1 make it an excellent candidate for diverse industrial applications.
New and emerging conditions of acquired cutaneous mucinoses in adults
Authors: Rongioletti F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCutaneous mucinoses are a heterogenous group of conditions, characterized by the deposition of glycosaminoglycans (mucin) in the dermis, follicles, or in the epidermis. Major cutaneous mucinoses include lichen myxedematosus, scleredema, mucinoses associated with thyroid disease, reticular erythematous mucinosis, papulonodular mucinosis associated with connective tissue diseases, and cutaneous focal mucinosis. The aim of this review is to provide an update of what has currently been reported in the last 30‐year literature about several new or emerging conditions of acquired cutaneous mucinoses in adults. Two new clinico‐pathologic entities have been described: (i) Obesity‐associated lymphedematous mucinosis and pretibial stasis mucinosis; (OACM) (ii) Nodular mucinosis of the breast (NMB). Two relatively new disease categories encompassing cutaneous mucinoses with a common pathogenetic mechanism have been identified: (i) Cutaneous mucinoses associated with drug exposure including biologic therapy, anti–colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and subcutaneous intralesional interferons (toxic dermal mucinoses); (ii) Cutaneous mucinosis following physical agents including mechanical traumas and after knee replacement.