bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self-consistent dynamical model of the Milky Way disc adjusted toGaiadata
Authors: Robin A. C. , Bienaymé O. , Salomon J. B. , Reylé C. , Lagarde N. , Figueras F. , Mor R. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Montillaud J. 
Published: September 2022

Context.Accurate astrometry achieved byGaiafor many stars in the Milky Way provides an opportunity to reanalyse the Galactic stellar populations from a large and homogeneous sample and to revisit the Galaxy gravitational potential.Aims.This paper shows how a self-consistent dynamical model can be obtained by fitting the gravitational potential of the Milky Way to the stellar kinematics and densities fromGaiadata.Methods.We derived a gravitational potential using the Besancon Galaxy Model, and computed the disc stellar distribution functions based on three integrals of motion (E,Lz,I3) to model stationary stellar discs. The gravitational potential and the stellar distribution functions are built self-consistently, and are then adjusted to be in agreement with the kinematics and the density distributions obtained fromGaiaobservations. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to fit the free parameters of the dynamical model toGaiaparallax and proper motion distributions. The fit is done on several sets ofGaiadata, mainly a subsample of the GCNS (Gaiacatalogue of nearby stars to 100 pc) withG < 17, together with 26 deep fields selected from eDR3, widely spread in longitudes and latitudes.Results.We are able to determine the velocity dispersion ellipsoid and its tilt for subcomponents of different ages, both varying withRandz. The density laws and their radial scale lengths for the thin and thick disc populations are also obtained self-consistently. This new model has some interesting characteristics that come naturally from the process, such as a flaring thin disc. The thick disc is found to present very distinctive characteristics from the old thin disc, both in density and kinematics. This lends significant support to the idea that thin and thick discs were formed in distinct scenarios, as the density and kinematics transition between them is found to be abrupt. The dark matter halo is shown to be nearly spherical. We also derive the solar motion with regards to the Local Standard of Rest (LSR), findingU⊙= 10.79 ± 0.56 km s−1,V⊙= 11.06 ± 0.94 km s−1, andW⊙= 7.66 ± 0.43 km s−1, in close agreement with recent studies.Conclusions.The resulting fully self-consistent gravitational potential, still axisymmetric, is a good approximation of a smooth mass distribution in the Milky Way and can be used for further studies, including finding streams, substructures, and to compute orbits for real stars in our Galaxy.
In vivo computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps using white light endoscopy
Authors: García-Rodríguez Ana , Tudela Yael , Córdova Henry , Carballal Sabela , Ordás Ingrid , Moreira Leticia , Vaquero Eva , Ortiz Oswaldo , Rivero Liseth , Sánchez F. Javier , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Pellisé Maria , Bernal Jorge , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence is currently able to accurately predict the histology of colorectal polyps. However, systems developed to date use complex optical technologies and have not been tested in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new deep learning-based optical diagnosis system, ATENEA, in a real clinical setting using only high-definition white light endoscopy (WLE) and to compare its performance with endoscopists.
Methods ATENEA was prospectively tested in real life on consecutive polyps detected in colorectal cancer screening colonoscopies at Hospital Clínic. No images were discarded, and only WLE was used. The in vivo ATENEA’s prediction (adenoma vs non-adenoma) was compared with the prediction of four staff endoscopists without specific training in optical diagnosis for the study purposes. Endoscopists were blind to the ATENEA output. Histology was the gold standard.
Results Ninety polyps (median size: 5 mm, range: 2–25) from 31 patients were included of which 69 (76.7 %) were adenomas. ATENEA correctly predicted the histology in 63 of 69 (91.3 %, 95 % CI: 82 %–97 %) adenomas and 12 of 21 (57.1 %, 95 % CI: 34 %–78 %) non-adenomas while endoscopists made correct predictions in 52 of 69 (75.4 %, 95 % CI: 60 %–85 %) and 20 of 21 (95.2 %, 95 % CI: 76 %–100 %), respectively. The global accuracy was 83.3 % (95 % CI: 74%–90 %) and 80 % (95 % CI: 70 %–88 %) for ATENEA and endoscopists, respectively.
Conclusion ATENEA can accurately be used for in vivo characterization of colorectal polyps, enabling the endoscopist to make direct decisions. ATENEA showed a global accuracy similar to that of endoscopists despite an unsatisfactory performance for non-adenomatous lesions.
Histological assessment of new cholangioscopy-guided forceps in ERCP biliary stricture sampling: a blinded comparative study
Authors: Vargas Eric J. , Wang Yaohong , Chen Zongming Eric , Abusaleh Rami , Storm Andrew C. , Martin John A. , Law Ryan J. , Dayyeh Barham K. Abu , Levy Michael J. , Petersen Bret , Chandrasekhara Vinay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Obtaining quality tissue during ERCP biliary stricture sampling is of paramount importance for a timely diagnosis. While single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC)-guided biopsies have been suggested to be the superior biliary tissue acquisition modality given direct tissue visualization, less is known about the specimen histological quality. We aimed to analyze the specimen quality of SOC biopsies and compare the new generation forceps with prior “legacy” forceps.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent SOC from January 2017-August 2021 for biliary sampling were reviewed. In February 2020, the SOC-guided biopsy forceps were changed from legacy SpyBite to the SpyBite Max forceps (max). Specimens were assessed by blinded pathologists for crush artifact (none, mild, or severe) and gross size (greatest dimension in mm). Crush artifact and gross size were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic performance characteristics for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), were assessed in an exploratory fashion.
Results Eighty-one patients (max = 27, legacy = 54) with similar baseline characteristics were included in this study. On blinded pathological assessment, 58 % had crush artifact, without significant differences between the two groups (Max 63 % vs. Legacy 56 %; P = 0.64). A similar mean specimen size was found (max 3 mm vs. legacy 3.2 mm; P = 0.24). The overall prevalence of CCA was 40 %. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the entire cohort using a combination of cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and SOC-guided biopsies were 78.1 %, 91.8 %, 86.2 %, and 86.5 %, respectively. No difference between legacy or max groups was found.
Conclusions A high rate of crush artifact was found in SOC-guided biopsy specimens. Further investigation regarding proper biopsy technique and handling is necessary to increase the diagnostic yield with SOC-guided biopsies.
No relation between adenosine triphosphate after manual cleaning and presence of microorganisms on endoscopes after automated high-level disinfection
Authors: Vos Margreet C. , Bruno Marco J. , Kwakman Judith A. , Rauwers Arjan W. , Buijs Jolanda G. , de Groot Woutrinus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) tests are increasingly used to detect biological material; however, their reliability to detect bacterial contamination in endoscopes is not proven. We investigated the predictive value of ATP tests after manual cleaning for presence or absence of microorganisms as shown by culture after automated high-level disinfection (HLD) in duodenoscopes and linear echoendoscopes (DLEs).
Patients and methods After manual cleaning, ATP tests were performed on swab samples taken from the detachable cap and forceps elevator, and on flush samples of the DLE working channels. These results were compared to the growth of any microorganisms in cultures acquired after automated HLD. ATP tests with > 200 relative light units (RLU) were considered positive. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the RLU levels with microbial presence in cultures.
Results In total, 903 procedures were performed involving 26 distinct DLEs. Depending on sample site, 20.8 % (cap) to 63.8 % (channel brush) of the ATP negative samples were accompanied by positive post-HLD cultures. 54.4 % of the cap samples with a positive culture (growth of any kind of microorganism) and 91.8 % of the channel samples with a positive culture had a negative ATP test after manual cleaning. ROC curves per sample site, DLE type and microorganism type all had area under the curves below 0.6.
Conclusions In our study, ATP tests performed after manual cleaning could not predict presence or absence of microorganisms after automated HLD as shown by culture. More than half of the positive cultures were preceded by a negative ATP test.
Effect of Intense Pulsed Light to Mitigate Meibomian Gland Dysfunction for Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Suwal Abhishek , Hao Jilong , Liu Xiufen , Zhou Dandan , Jia Zhifang , Liu Hongwei , Ren Yu , Shao Fei , Lu Chengwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light treatment (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) in treating meibomian gland
dysfunction (MGD) related dry eye disease (DED) for the first time in Northeast China.
Methods Thirty-one MGD-related dry eye patients were managed by IPL-MGX from October to December 2019 in The First Hospital of Jilin University. Those patients had single IPL-MGX
treatment with one follow-up visit, and no topical eye drops used were included in the study. General checkup and data collection helped in determining the age, sex, diagnosis, status of the
MG, first noninvasive tear break-up time (1st NIBUT), average NIBUT, the height of tear film, and additional medical history.
Results There was an improvement in the function of the meibomian gland (MG), with a significant decrease in the MG dropouts in the upper eyelid (Rt eye, p = 0.0047; Lt eye,
p = 0.0158) and lower eyelid (Rt eye, p = 0.0017; Lt eye, p = 0.0027) plus the average NIBUT (Rt eye, p = 0.0264) also showed improvement after the IPL-MGX treatment. Though no significant
difference was reached with the average NIBUT of the Lt eye (p = 0.5256) and the NIBUT grade (Rt eye, p = 0.0578; Lt eye, p = 0.0588), there was an increased duration of the average NIBUT
and improved NIBUT grading. The negative results may be because of the maximum severity of DED and the limited treatment times.
Conclusions The result suggests that IPL-MGX was effective in treating MGD-related DED.
Photocatalytic Desulfonylative Homocoupling of Benzylic Sulfone Derivatives
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M. , Ohkura Ryusei , Ohtsuka Motoo , Yim Jacky C.-H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA desulfonylative homocoupling of benzylic sulfone derivatives through a photoredox Ir catalyst is described. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group is an effective substituent on sulfonyl group in this reaction, providing the structurally diverse multiply arylated ethanes in good yields. The α-deuterated or α-fluorinated sulfones, which can be readily prepared by α-functionalization, were also applicable, highlighting an avenue to synthesize medicinally important structures.
Miss Katie Clark: Pioneer of Standardization of Radiographic Projections
Authors: Sudo-Szopińska Iwona , Cassar-Pullicino Victor , Panas-Goworska Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the British radiographer Kathleen C. Clark, recognized as a pioneer of standardization of radiographic projections.
The Great Mimickers of Spinal Pathology
Authors: Farshad-Amacker Nadja A. , Sutter Reto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBack pain is one of the leading causes of health costs worldwide, particularly because of the further increased aging population. After clinical examination, spinal imaging is of utmost importance in many patients to reach the correct diagnosis. There are many imaging pitfalls and mimickers of spinal pathology on radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. These mimickers may lead to a misdiagnosis or a further imaging work-up if they are not recognized and thus lead to unnecessary examinations and increased health care costs. In this review we present the common mimickers of spinal pathology and describe normal variations when reading imaging studies of the spine.
Comparison between Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes during Ramadan Fasting
Authors: Kaplan Walid , Afandi Bachar , Al Hassani Noura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare between insulin glargine and insulin detemir on glucose profile in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who fast the month of Ramadan.
Materials and Methods This was prospective, cross-over study. Subjects were randomized into Group G, in which insulin glargine was given once daily, and Group D, in which ⅔ of the total dose of insulin detemir was given before breaking the fast and ⅓ before starting it. Subjects were crossed-over after 1 week. We compared the mean interstitial glucose (IG), and the percentages of hypoglycemia (<70mg/dL) and severe hyperglycemia (>300mg/dL) between the groups.
Results A total of 11 adolescents were enrolled. Mean (±standard deviation) age was 14±3.3 years. There was no difference in the mean IG (190±46 vs. 198±37mg/dL, p=0.1), or the percentages of severe hyperglycemia (13.5±12.9% vs. 13.6±9.2%, p=0.5) in group G and Group D, respectively. Conversely, the percentage of hypoglycemia was higher in Group G than Group D (9.1±7.0% vs. 4.4±2.7%, respectively, p=0.01).
Conclusion Insulin detemir given twice daily results in less hypoglycemia than once daily insulin glargine in adolescents with T1DM during fasting in Ramadan.
Imaging of Common Spinal Cord Diseases
Authors: Russo Camilla , Muto Gianluca , Giordano Flavio , Masala Salvatore , Muto Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpinal cord evaluation is an integral part of spine assessment, and its reliable imaging work-up is mandatory because even localized lesions may produce serious effects with potentially irreversible sequelae. Spinal cord alterations are found both incidentally during spine evaluation in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic patients or during neurologic/neuroradiologic assessment in myelopathic patients. Myelopathy (an umbrella term for any neurologic deficit that refers to spinal cord impairment) can be caused by intrinsic lesions or extrinsic mechanical compression, and its etiology may be both traumatic and/or nontraumatic. The symptoms largely depend on the size/extension of lesions, ranging from incontinence to ataxia, from spasticity to hyperreflexia, from numbness to weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging is the reference imaging modality in spinal cord evaluation, ensuring the best signal and spatial resolution. We provide an overview of the most common spinal cord disorders encountered by radiologists and describe the technical measures that offer optimal spinal cord visualization.
The Adolescent Spine
Authors: Simoni Paolo , Negro Giulia , Moeremans Marine , Leucio Alessandro De 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most characteristic disorder of the adolescent spine. It is a three-dimensional (3D) disorder that occurs from 10 years of age and comprises 90% of all idiopathic scolioses. Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with AIS. Modern imaging offers 3D assessment of scoliosis with less radiation exposure. Imaging helps rule out occult conditions that cause spinal deformity. Various imaging methods are also used to assess skeletal maturity in patients with AIS, thus determining the growth spurt and risk of progression of scoliosis. This article provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology, biomechanics, clinical features, and modern imaging of AIS relevant to radiologists in clinical settings.
Community-oriented engineering co-design: case studies from the Peruvian Highlands
Authors: Andía Diego , Charca Samuel , Reynolds-Cuéllar Pedro , Noel Julien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe goal of an engineer’s career is solving real problems for social and ecological betterment. At the University of Engineering and Technology (UTEC) in Lima, Peru, this vision is promoted from the earliest stages of a student’s engineering career to enable them to embrace their creativity while developing meaningful solutions for ecosystems in need. In this article, an educational methodology is presented that uses a project-based collaborative learning approach with the aim of evaluating, selecting and developing community-oriented engineering solutions in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP). Communication strategies and evaluation of projects based on co-design methods implemented among engineering students and isolated rural communities in the highlands of Peru are discussed. In conclusion, the process to select a community is analyzed and the most important criteria are determined. In addition, we highlight the importance of defining elements to understand the context (community and place) and to establish future objectives (group and projects) during the exploration period that will help facilitate the decision to select a community.
Imaging resonant micro-cantilever movement with ultrafast scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Garming Mathijs W. H. , Kruit Pieter , Hoogenboom Jacob P. 
Published: September 2022

Here, we demonstrate ultrafast scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for making ultrafast movies of mechanical oscillators at resonance with nanoscale spatiotemporal resolution. Locking the laser excitation pulse sequence to the electron probe pulses allows for video framerates over 50 MHz, well above the detector bandwidth, while maintaining the electron beam resolution and depth of focus. The pulsed laser excitation is tuned to the oscillator resonance with a pulse frequency modulation scheme. We use an atomic force microscope cantilever as a model resonator, for which we show ultrafast real-space imaging of the first and even the 2 MHz second harmonic oscillation as well as verification of power and frequency response via the ultrafast movies series. We detect oscillation amplitudes as small as 20 nm and as large as 9 μm. Our implementation of ultrafast SEM for visualizing nanoscale oscillatory dynamics adds temporal resolution to the domain of SEM, providing new avenues for the characterization and development of devices based on micro- and nanoscale resonant motion.
Test of a multi-gigawatt, 800 ns high power microwave driver based on Marx generator and metal-oxide varistors
Authors: Yang H. , Gao J. , Zhang Z. , Xun T. , Zhang H. , Ge X. 
Published: September 2022

High power microwave (HPM) sources usually require a well-defined rectangular pulse waveform, which is especially true for the case of long pulse (&gt;100 ns), stable, and high efficiency operation. Most long pulse HPM drivers are realized with pulse forming networks. This paper presents a long pulse driver composed of a conventional Marx generator and metal-oxide varistors (MOVs), utilizing the MOV’s nonlinear V–I characteristic. This method is easy to implement, and it has an additional benefit that the voltage can be stabilized even if the load’s impedance changes slightly. A low inductance zig-zag folding structure of the MOV is designed to decrease its size and self-inductance. An LC filter is used to reduce the energy loss in the MOV. In the experiment, a 400 kV, 800 ns long pulse is achieved at a foil-less electron diode, and longer than 300 ns HPM generation is obtained.
MICROSCOPE’s constraint on a short-range fifth force
Authors: Bergé Joel , Pernot-Borràs Martin , Uzan Jean-Philippe , Brax Philippe , Chhun Ratana , Métris Gilles , Rodrigues Manuel , Touboul Pierre 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The MICROSCOPE experiment was designed to test the weak equivalence principle in space, by comparing the low-frequency dynamics of cylindrical ‘free-falling’ test masses controlled by electrostatic forces. We use data taken during technical sessions aimed at estimating the electrostatic stiffness of MICROSCOPE’s sensors to constrain a short-range Yukawa deviation from Newtonian gravity. We take advantage of the fact that in the limit of small displacements, the gravitational interaction (both Newtonian and Yukawa-like) between nested cylinders is linear, and thus simply characterised by a stiffness. By measuring the total stiffness of the forces acting on a test mass as it moves, and comparing it with the theoretical electrostatic stiffness (expected to dominate), it is a priori possible to infer constraints on the Yukawa potential parameters. However, we find that measurement uncertainties are dominated by the gold wires used to control the electric charge of the test masses, though their related stiffness is indeed smaller than the expected electrostatic stiffness. Moreover, we find a non-zero unaccounted for stiffness that depends on the instrument’s electric configuration, hinting at the presence of patch-field effects. Added to significant uncertainties on the electrostatic model, they only allow for poor constraints on the Yukawa potential. This is not surprising, as MICROSCOPE was not designed for this measurement, but this analysis is the first step to new experimental searches for non-Newtonian gravity in space.
MICROSCOPE mission: data analysis principle
Authors: Bergé Joel , Baghi Quentin , Hardy Emilie , Métris Gilles , Robert Alain , Rodrigues Manuel , Touboul Pierre , Chhun Ratana , Guidotti Pierre-Yves , Pires Sandrine , Reynaud Serge , Serron Laura , Travert Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After performing highly sensitive acceleration measurements during two years of drag-free flight around the Earth, MICROSCOPE provided the best constraint on the weak equivalence principle (WEP) to date. Beside being a technological challenge, this experiment required a specialised data analysis pipeline to look for a potential small signal buried in the noise, possibly plagued by instrumental defects, missing data and glitches. This paper describes the frequency-domain iterative least-square technique that we developed for MICROSCOPE. In particular, using numerical simulations, we prove that our estimator is unbiased and provides correct error bars. This paper therefore justifies the robustness of the WEP measurements given by MICROSCOPE.
MICROSCOPE mission: statistics and impact of glitches on the test of the weak equivalence principle
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Authors: Bergé Joel , Baghi Quentin , Robert Alain , Rodrigues Manuel , Foulon Bernard , Hardy Emilie , Métris Gilles , Pires Sandrine , Touboul Pierre 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
MICROSCOPE’s space test of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) is based on the minute measurement of the difference of accelerations experienced by two test masses as they orbit the Earth. A detection of a violation of the WEP would appear at a well-known frequency f
EP depending on the satellite’s orbital and spinning frequencies. Consequently, the experiment was optimised to minimise systematic errors at f
EP. Glitches are short-lived events visible in the test masses’ measured acceleration, most likely originating in cracks of the satellite’s coating. In this paper, we characterise their shape and time distribution. Although intrinsically random, their time of arrival distribution is modulated by the orbital and spinning periods. They have an impact on the WEP test that must be quantified. However, the data available prevents us from unequivocally tackling this task. We show that glitches affect the test of the WEP, up to an a priori unknown level. Discarding the perturbed data is thus the best way to reduce their effect.