bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Primary Healthcare through accelerated advancement of the global pharmacy workforce: a cross-sectional survey of 88 countries
Authors: Bates Ian , Meilianti Sherly , Bader Lina , Gandhi Rishi , Leng Rachael , Galbraith Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveAdvancing the pharmacy workforce contributes to strengthening primary healthcare and accelerating progress towards universal health coverage. This study aimed to identify key enablers to support policy development for national pharmacy workforce advancement.DesignA cross-sectional country-level questionnaire was distributed from July 2018 to March 2019.SettingNational-level or country-level pharmacy workforce development policy.ParticipantsProfessional leadership associations and national agencies of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). The FIP global database included 129 countries.MeasuresThe questionnaire was designed to collate data on the scope of advanced and specialist practice in respondent countries. Multiple correspondence analysis and subsequent cluster analysis were conducted to explore the associations and patterns of country-level attributes of systems in place for the pharmacy workforce advancement in order to develop a general transnational model for country-level advanced practice development.ResultsEighty-eight countries (68.2% response rate) responded to the questionnaire. Factors that enhance and contribute to advanced practice policy development include the country’s socioeconomic factors and the availability of national practice advancement concepts. The essential advancement concepts include the availability of framework and professional recognition systems, programmes assisting advanced practice development and workforce advancement and recognition opportunities. Cluster analysis identified three clusters of country respondents. First cluster included low-income and middle-income with poor pharmacy advancement implementation, second cluster included a higher socioeconomic status with weaker pharmacy workforce advancement implementation and third cluster included upper middle-income to high-income countries and high rates of pharmacy advancement implementation.ConclusionThe key factors identified in this study can be used to support a transnational approach to pharmacy workforce advancement. The three clusters identified highlighted that workforce advancement was not an exclusive trait of higher-income countries. Lessons from countries that have already adopted concepts of advancement in pharmacy practice could be adopted to other countries to accelerate the progress of advanced practice globally.
Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants: a scoping review protocol for identifying risk factors
Authors: Kato Shin , Ito Masato , Saito Makoto , Miyahara Naoyuki , Namba Fumihiko , Ota Erika , Nakanishi Hidehiko 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe remarkable improvement in the long-term prognosis of extremely premature infants has led to an increase in the number of cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD affects pulmonary function and developmental outcomes, resulting in high chronic health burdens for infants and their families over the years. Therefore, identifying its risk factors in the early period of life and exploring better prophylactics and treatment strategies are important.The objectives of our scoping review are to screen available evidence, identify perinatal risk factors involved in the development and severity of BPD and devise a novel disease classification system that can predict long-term prognosis.Methods and analysisEligibility criteria are as follows: articles published from 2002 to 2021; studies conducted in developed countries; articles written in English (PubMed) or Japanese (Ichushi); randomised controlled trials, prospective/retrospective cohort studies or case-control studies; extremely premature infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age; and articles in which endpoint was severe BPD as classified by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.We will screen the titles and abstracts of studies identified by independent reviewers using the population-concept-context framework. After a full-text review and data charting, we will provide the perinatal risk factors for severe BPD along with the risk ratio or odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and p values.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board approval is not required due to the nature of the study. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences.Protocol V.1, 22 September 2021Trial registration numberUMIN000045529.
Form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$ transition within the light-front quark models
Authors: Chen Lili , Ren Yu-Wan , Wang Li-Ting , Chang Qin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we calculate the vector, axial-vector and tensor form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$

P
→
T

transition within the standard light-front (SLF) and covariant light-front (CLF) quark models (QMs). The self-consistency and Lorentz covariance of CLF QM with two types of correspondence schemes are investigated. The zero-mode effects and the spurious $$\omega $$
ω
-dependent contributions to the form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$

P
→
T

transition are analyzed. Employing a self-consistent CLF QM, we present our numerical predictions for the vector, axial-vector and tensor form factors of $$c\rightarrow (q,s)$$

c
→
(
q
,
s
)

($$q=u,d$$

q
=
u
,
d

) induced $$D \rightarrow (a_2,K^*_2)$$

D
→
(

a
2

,

K
2
∗

)

, $$D_s \rightarrow (K^*_2,f'_{2})$$

D
s

→

(

K
2
∗

,

f
2
′

)

, $$\eta _c(1S) \rightarrow (D^*_2,D^*_{s2})$$

η
c

(
1
S
)

→

(

D
2
∗

,

D

s
2

∗

)

, $$ B_c \rightarrow (B^*_2,B^*_{s2})$$

B
c

→

(

B
2
∗

,

B

s
2

∗

)

transitions and $$b\rightarrow (q,s,c)$$

b
→
(
q
,
s
,
c
)

induced $$B \rightarrow (a_2,K^*_2,D^*_2)$$

B
→
(

a
2

,

K
2
∗

,

D
2
∗

)

, $$B_s \rightarrow (K^*_2,f'_2,D^*_{s2})$$

B
s

→

(

K
2
∗

,

f
2
′

,

D

s
2

∗

)

, $$B_c \rightarrow (D^*_2,D^*_{s2},\chi _{c2}(1P))$$

B
c

→

(

D
2
∗

,

D

s
2

∗

,

χ

c
2

(
1
P
)

)

, $$\eta _b(1S) \rightarrow (B^*_2,B^*_{s2})$$

η
b

(
1
S
)

→

(

B
2
∗

,

B

s
2

∗

)

transitions. Finally, in order to test the obtained form factors, the semileptonic $$B\rightarrow {\bar{D}}_2^*(2460)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$

B
→

D

¯

2
∗

(
2460
)

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

($$\ell =e,\mu $$

ℓ
=
e
,
μ

) and $${\bar{D}}_2^*(2460)\tau ^+\nu _{\tau }$$

D

¯

2
∗

(
2460
)

τ
+

ν
τ

decays are studied. It is expected that our results for the form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$

P
→
T

transition can be applied further to the relevant phenomenological studies of meson decays.
Laboratory experiments on the radiation astrochemistry of water ice phases
Authors: Mifsud Duncan V. , Hailey Perry A. , Herczku Péter , Juhász Zoltán , Kovács Sándor T. S. , Sulik Béla , Ioppolo Sergio , Kaňuchová Zuzana , McCullough Robert W. , Paripás Béla , Mason Nigel J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater (H2O) ice is a ubiquitous component of the universe, having been detected in a variety of interstellar and Solar System environments where radiation plays an important role in its physico-chemical transformations. Although the radiation chemistry of H2O astrophysical ice analogues has been well studied, direct and systematic comparisons of different solid phases are scarce and are typically limited to just two phases. In this article, we describe the results of an in-depth study of the 2 keV electron irradiation of amorphous solid water (ASW), restrained amorphous ice (RAI) and the cubic (Ic) and hexagonal (Ih) crystalline phases at 20 K so as to further uncover any potential dependence of the radiation physics and chemistry on the solid phase of the ice. Mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of the four investigated H2O ice phases revealed that electron irradiation of the RAI, Ic, and Ih phases resulted in their amorphization (with the latter undergoing the process more slowly) while ASW underwent compaction. The abundance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced as a result of the irradiation was also found to vary between phases, with yields being highest in irradiated ASW. This observation is the cumulative result of several factors including the increased porosity and quantity of lattice defects in ASW, as well as its less extensive hydrogen-bonding network. Our results have astrophysical implications, particularly with regards to H2O-rich icy interstellar and Solar System bodies exposed to both radiation fields and temperature gradients.
Graphical abstract
MODELING OF STOCK RETURNS IN CONTINUOUS VIS-À-VIS DISCRETE TIME IS EQUIVALENT, RESPECTIVELY, TO THE CONDITIONING OF STOCK RETURNS ON A RANDOM WALK PROCESS FOR TRADE IMBALANCES VIS-À-VIS A RANDOM WALK PROCESS FOR EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION
Authors: OBRIMAH OGHENOVO A. , WONG WING-KEUNG 
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denote, respectively, the current stock price, the future stock price that is conditioned on information, the minimum stock market tick size and the realized future stock price. Formal theoretical proofs in this study show modeling of stock returns in continuous time induces stock returns that have parameterization as gambles over lotteries. Stock returns have parameterization as gambles because in the presence of fairness of formation of [Formula: see text], regardless arrival of liquidity and speculative trades feasibly induces [Formula: see text]. Evolution of ‘(conditional) trade imbalances’ as random walks is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition for parameterization of stock returns as gambles over lotteries. Suppose, on the contrary, a resort to modeling of stock returns in discrete time. The formal theory arrives at two dichotomous sufficiency conditions, which predict directionality and sizes of price changes, and facilitate evolution of stock returns as random walks. In presence of the two dichotomous conditions, fairness of formation of [Formula: see text] necessarily induces, regardless of arrival of liquidity and speculative trades, [Formula: see text]. Risk is parameterized by [Formula: see text], because all else constant, an inversion of the perturbing conditionally positive trade imbalance induces [Formula: see text]. Whereas then, [Formula: see text] has parameterization as ‘materialization of risk’, always, it is [Formula: see text] that is statistic for risk; risk, as such is well parameterized, that is, does not coincide with its materialization (note that whereas volatility is statistic for risk, it is not a statistic for materialization of risk; a statistic for risk necessarily is robust to non-materialization of risk). Given modeling in continuous time does not facilitate either of the two sufficiency conditions, always, risk has parameterization as the probability that [Formula: see text]. Since risk, as such coincides qualitatively with its materialization, it is not well parameterized. Given study findings parameterize general equilibrium, formal theoretical predictions have characterization as axiomatic statements, as opposed to propositional (parameter-dependent) statements.
Modified Manufacturing Process Modulates CD19CAR T-cell Engraftment Fitness and Leukemia-Free Survival in Pediatric and Young Adult Subjects
Authors: Ceppi Francesco , Wilson Ashley L. , Annesley Colleen , Kimmerly Gabriella R. , Summers Corinne , Brand Adam , Seidel Kristy , Wu Qian Vicky , Beebe Adam , Brown Christopher , Mgebroff Stephanie , Lindgren Catherine , Rawlings-Rhea Stephanie D. , Huang Wenjun , Pulsipher Michael A. , Wayne Alan S. , Park Julie R. , Jensen Michael C. , Gardner Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractT cells modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 can induce potent and sustained responses in children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The durability of remission is related to the length of time the CAR T cells persist. Efforts to understand differences in persistence have focused on the CAR construct, in particular the costimulatory signaling module of the chimeric receptor. We previously reported a robust intent-to-treat product manufacturing success rate and remission induction rate in children and young adults with recurrent/refractory B-ALL using the SCRI-CAR19v1 product, a second-generation CD19-specific CAR with 4-1BB costimulation coexpressed with the EGFRt cell-surface tag (NCT02028455). Following completion of the phase I study, two changes to CAR T-cell manufacturing were introduced: switching the T-cell activation reagent and omitting midculture EGFRt immunomagnetic selection. We tested the modified manufacturing process and resulting product, designated SCRI-CAR19v2, in a cohort of 21 subjects on the phase II arm of the trial. Here, we describe the unanticipated enhancement in product performance resulting in prolonged persistence and B-cell aplasia and improved leukemia-free survival with SCRI-CAR19v2 as compared with SCRI-CAR19v1.
High Mobility Group Protein B1 Decreases Surface Localization of PD-1 to Augment T-cell Activation
Authors: Gao Qun , Wang Shumin , Li Feng , Lian Jingyao , Cheng Shaoyan , Yue Dongli , Zhang Zhen , Liu Shasha , Ren Feifei , Zhang Daiqun , Wang Shengdian , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a danger signaling molecule that has been found to trigger an effective antitumor immune response. However, the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects are not fully understood. Here, we found that HMGB1 release induced by chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer was negatively correlated with PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells. In vitro analysis indicated that treatment with HMGB1 led to a significant decrease in the level of expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells. Further analysis demonstrated that HMGB1 reduced PD-1 expression by inducing dynamin-mediated internalization of the protein, leading to early endocytosis in the cytoplasm, and subsequently degradation in the lysosomes. In a xenograft model, HER2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells had enhanced function in the presence of HMGB1. These data identify a role for HMGB1 as a negative regulator of PD-1 signaling in lung cancer and the observed antitumor effect of HMGB1 on CAR T cells may provide a theoretical foundation for a new immunotherapy combination.
Skeletal Muscle Mass Recovery Early After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Vest Amanda R. , Wong William W. , Chery Joronia , Coston Alex , Telfer Laura , Lawrence Matthew , Celkupa Didjana , Kiernan Michael S. , Couper Gregory , Kawabori Masashi , Saltzman Edward 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Patients with advanced systolic heart failure are at risk of unintentional weight loss and muscle wasting. It has been observed that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients gain weight after device implantation, although it is unknown whether this represents skeletal muscle mass gains. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mass increases early during LVAD support.

Methods:
We prospectively recruited 30 adults with systolic heart failure ±21 days from LVAD implantation. Participants underwent whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure fat free mass, appendicular lean mass (ALM, lean mass in the arms and legs) and fat mass. Dual X-ray absorptiometry imaging was repeated at 3 and 6 months after LVAD implantation, with participation ending after the 6-month visit or heart transplantation, whichever occurred first. Changes in body composition were evaluated using mixed effects linear regression models.

Results:

The cohort was 87% male, with mean age 56±12 (SD) years, and mean body mass index 26.4±5.4 kg/m
2
. Per sarcopenia ALM criteria, 52% of participants had muscle wasting at baseline. At baseline, mean fat free mass and ALM were 56.4±11.7 and 21.0±5.3 kg, respectively. Both measures increased significantly (
P
<0.001) over 6 months of LVAD support: mean fat free mass change at 3 and 6 months: 2.3 kg (95% CI, 1.0–3.5) and 4.2 kg (95% CI, 2.2–6.1); mean ALM change at 3 and 6 months: 1.5 kg (95% CI, 0.7–2.3) and 2.3 kg (95% CI, 0.9–3.6).

Conclusions:
Among LVAD recipients with advanced systolic heart failure and high baseline prevalence of muscle wasting, there were significant gains in skeletal muscle mass, as represented by dual X-ray absorptiometry fat free mass and ALM, over the first 6 months of LVAD support.
Prophylactic Mechanical Circulatory Support Use in Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zeitouni Michel , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Zakroysky Pearl , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Amit Amin P. , Rao Sunil V. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices can be used in high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to describe trends and outcomes of prophylactic MCS use in elective PCI for patients with stable coronary artery disease in the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry’s CathPCI registry.

Methods:
Among 2 108 715 consecutive patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective PCI in the CathPCI registry between 2009 and 2018, we examined patterns of prophylactic use of MCS. Propensity score models with inverse probability of treatment weighting compared effectiveness (in-hospital death, cardiogenic shock, or new heart failure) and safety (stroke, tamponade, major bleeding, or vascular complication requiring treatment) between patients treated with intra-aortic balloon pump versus other MCS (Impella or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation).

Results:

Overall, 6905 (0.3%) patients underwent elective PCI with prophylactic MCS. MCS use trended up from 0.2% of elective PCIs in 2009 to 0.6% in 2018 (
P
<0.0001), driven by other MCS (
P
<0.0001), whereas intra-aortic balloon pump use remained low and constant (
P
=0.12). In-hospital major adverse cardiac events and cardiovascular complications occurred in 7.1% and 18.8% of elective PCI patients with prophylactic MCS use and 0.5% and 2.3% of patients without prophylactic MCS use. Intra-aortic balloon pump use was associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events (9.6% versus 6.0%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.32–1.91]) but lower risk of complications (18.2% versus 19.1%, adjusted odds ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.77–0.99]) than use of other MCS.

Conclusions:
The use of prophylactic MCS has increased over time for elective PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Intra-aortic balloon pump was associated with higher major adverse cardiac events but lower risk of procedural complications compared with other MCS.
Bidirectional Association Between Kidney Function and Atrial Fibrillation: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: van der Burgh Anna C. , Geurts Sven , Ikram M. Arfan , Hoorn Ewout J. , Kavousi Maryam , Chaker Layal 
Published: May 2022

Background
Consensus lacks concerning a bidirectional association between kidney function and atrial fibrillation (AF), but this is crucial information for prevention/treatment efforts for both chronic kidney disease and AF. Therefore, we investigated the bidirectional association between kidney function and AF.

Methods and Results

This study was a prospective cohort study including 9228 participants (mean age, 64.9 years; 57.2% women) with information on kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] based on serum creatinine [eGFRcreat], cystatin C [eGFRcys], or both [eGFRcreat‐cys], and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio) and AF. Reduced kidney function was defined as eGFRcreat <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. Cox proportional‐hazards, logistic regression, linear mixed, and joint models were used to investigate the association of kidney function with AF and vice versa. During follow‐up (median of 8.0 years), 780 events of incident AF occurred. Lower eGFRcys and eGFRcreat‐cys were associated with increased AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03–1.14] and HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14], respectively, per 10 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
eGFR decrease). For eGFRcys and eGFRcreat‐cys, 10‐year cumulative incidence of AF was 16% (eGFR <60) and 6% (eGFR ≥60). Prevalent AF (versus no prevalent AF) was associated with 2.85 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
lower eGFRcreat and with a faster decline of eGFRcreat with age. Prevalent AF was associated with a 1.3‐fold increased risk of incident reduced kidney function.

Conclusions
Kidney function, especially eGFRcys, and AF are bidirectionally associated. There are currently no targeted prevention efforts for AF in patients with mild chronic kidney disease and vice versa. Our results could provide the first step to improve prediction/prevention of both conditions.
Visual Distraction Disrupts Category-tuned Attentional Filters in Ventral Visual Cortex
Authors: Dube Blaire , Pidaparthi Lasyapriya , Golomb Julie D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our behavioral goals shape how we process information via attentional filters that prioritize goal-relevant information, dictating both where we attend and what we attend to. When something unexpected or salient appears in the environment, it captures our spatial attention. Extensive research has focused on the spatiotemporal aspects of attentional capture, but what happens to concurrent nonspatial filters during visual distraction? Here, we demonstrate a novel, broader consequence of distraction: widespread disruption to filters that regulate category-specific object processing. We recorded fMRI while participants viewed arrays of face/house hybrid images. On distractor-absent trials, we found robust evidence for the standard signature of category-tuned attentional filtering: greater BOLD activation in fusiform face area during attend-faces blocks and in parahippocampal place area during attend-houses blocks. However, on trials where a salient distractor (white rectangle) flashed abruptly around a nontarget location, not only was spatial attention captured, but the concurrent category-tuned attentional filter was disrupted, revealing a boost in activation for the to-be-ignored category. This disruption was robust, resulting in errant processing—and early on, prioritization—of goal-inconsistent information. These findings provide a direct test of the filter disruption theory: that in addition to disrupting spatial attention, distraction also disrupts nonspatial attentional filters tuned to goal-relevant information. Moreover, these results reveal that, under certain circumstances, the filter disruption may be so profound as to induce a full reversal of the attentional control settings, which carries novel implications for both theory and real-world perception.
It’s not Rocket Science: Interpreting Figurative Language in Narratives
Authors: Chakrabarty Tuhin , Choi Yejin , Shwartz Vered 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFigurative language is ubiquitous in English. Yet, the vast majority of NLP research focuses on literal language. Existing text representations by design rely on compositionality, while figurative language is often non- compositional. In this paper, we study the interpretation of two non-compositional figurative languages (idioms and similes). We collected datasets of fictional narratives containing a figurative expression along with crowd-sourced plausible and implausible continuations relying on the correct interpretation of the expression. We then trained models to choose or generate the plausible continuation. Our experiments show that models based solely on pre-trained language models perform substantially worse than humans on these tasks. We additionally propose knowledge-enhanced models, adopting human strategies for interpreting figurative language types: inferring meaning from the context and relying on the constituent words’ literal meanings. The knowledge-enhanced models improve the performance on both the discriminative and generative tasks, further bridging the gap from human performance.