bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Consumer Credit Card Debt and Immigrants in the UK: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thompson Paul 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This paper systematically reviews a reappraisal of the relationship between consumer behavior and credit card debt.
Methodology: A thorough search was performed using scholarly databases including EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, JStor, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis. After a vigorously screening process, a total of 77 articles were accepted with the majority (96%) of articles published after 2012. Several consumer behavior factors were considered such as social factors, psychological factors, impulse buying, compulsive buying, optimism and pessimism, risk-seeking, mental health, age, income, education, immigrants, religion and financial literacy.
Findings: Overall, influential factors that contribute to credit debt can be attributed to redlining and predatory lending by financial institutions. Racial inequalities have been shown to play a significant role in credit debt, especially in the UK.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: A major knowledge gap concerning immigrants exists and further provide insight on the role played by an individual’s ethnic group in the rate of home equity decline as well as the overall net wealth of a household, ultimately affecting their credit debt. It would be useful for policy-makers to examine the biased placed on credit debt and social-economic backgrounds.
Effect of Nutrients on Diatom Growth: A Review
Authors: Giri Tapas , Goutam Umesh , Arya Aditi , Gautam Shristy 
Published: January 2022

Diatoms are one of the unicellular algae with a rare presence of unaltered, durable, transparent and species-specific silica frustules that persist even after cell death in the deposits of water bodies. Diatom has high capacity for absorption of metals for maintaining the water quality and high rate of multiplication. These characters promoted the use of this microbial biomass for effluent detoxification. These diatoms can also solve metal toxicity problems in aquatic ecosystems in the water polluted environment. In the present review, the focus is on several nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silica) that are essential for the growth of diatoms at very low concentrations, but most of them are toxic at high concentrations. It also shows the relationship between heavy metal stress and lipid body induction which may be a valuable indicator for the evaluation of heavy metal contamination of fluvial ecosystems.
HIGHLIGHTS

Diatoms are eukaryotic, unicellular, photosynthetic, silica-containing microscopic algae with distinct geometric forms
Diatoms are used for biomonitoring purposes for taxonomic and morphological properties of ecosystems, community and human disturbances
Diatoms are also the primary producer of oil in the world responsible for fixing 25 % of CO2 and 30 % of crude oil diatoms
Many diatoms are appropriate for lipid development up to 70 % of their body volume and are investigated for biofuel as a hotspot

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI DENGAN MEMBERDAYAKAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI TANAMAN OBAT DAN PEMBUATAN JAMU MENUJU DESA SEHAT MANDIRI
Authors: Yulian Wahyu Permadi Yulian Wahyu Permadi , Wirasti Wirasti , Rahmatullah St. 
Published: January 2022

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat adalah proses pembangunan di mana masyarakat berinisiatif untuk memulai proses kegiatan sosial untuk memperbaiki situasi dan kondisi diri sendiri. Pemberdayaan masyarakat akan sukses atau dapat terjadi apabila warga ikut berpartisipasi. Membangun ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan bearti pula membangun sebagian besar penduduk indonesia. Selain memiliki potensi sumber daya manusia pedesaan juga memiliki potensi sumber daya alam. Pengabdian masyarakat dosen juga bertujuan untuk memberikan/mengabdikan ilmu yang dimilikinya untuk peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat baik dibidang kesehatan atau di bidang ekonomi. Metode pelaksanaan yang diterapkan adalah dengan memberikan informasi mengenai bagaimana meningkatkan ekonomi dengan memberdayakan masyarakat melalui tanaman obat dan pembuatan jamu menuju desa sehat mandiri. Melakukan pelatihan pembuatan jamu/ramuan obat tradisional yang berasal dari tanaman obat dengan melibatkan ahli dari Dinas Kesehatan dan Dinas Pertanian Kab. Pekalongan sehingga jamu tersebut aman dikomsumsi.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Di SMP Negeri 1 Kecamatan Deli Tua, Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Juned M. 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran aljabar kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kecamatan Deli Tua, Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan penerapan model pembelajaran quantum teaching Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri 4 kegiatan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi yang diikuti oleh perencanaan pada siklus berikutnya dengan memanfaatkan hasil refleksi sebelumnya. Adapun rancangan solusi yang dimaksud adalah tindakan berupa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran quantum teaching dalam mengajarkan pokok bahasan aljabar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kecamatan Deli Tua, Kabupaten Deli Serdang sebanyak 32 orang. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran Matematika dengan penerapan strategi pembelajaran quantum teaching materi aljabar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar Matematika setiap siklus yaitu dari rata-rata 64,63 menjadi rata-rata 80,72.
Evaluasi Peningkatan Mutu Sekolah Melalui Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Azwardi Usiono, Rica Widiastuty, 
Published: January 2022

Pendidikan merupakan wadah pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan agar peserta didik memiliki bekal keahlian dan memiliki pemahaman serta pemikiran yang kritis. Peningkatan mutu pendidikan harus selalu ada evaluasi terutama pada pengembangan profesionalisme guru. Mutu pendidikan/sekolah sangat mempengaruhi peningkatan sumber daya manusia yang lebih bermutu, memiliki wawasan yang luas, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, bertanggung jawab dan beriman serta bertaqwa kepada Tugan Yang Maha Esa. Pembangunan sumber daya manusia merupakan usaha setrategis yang harus dilakukan pemerintah. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu sekolah dalam mengupayakan pengembangan guru professional agar terwujudnya sekolah yang bermutu dari guru yang bermutu juga. Untuk mewujudkan mutu sekolah harus ada evaluasi yang harus dilakukan pihak sekolah dari berbagai manajemen dan pada penelitian ini yang akan diteliti adalah pengembangan profesionalisme guru atau pendidik pada SD IT Al – Manar.
Hubungan Intensitas Mengikuti Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Dengan Karakter Religius Siswi Di SMK Cerdas Murni Tembung
Authors: Asmidar Rohimi Sipahutar Hendri Fauza, 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1. Hubungan Intensitas Mengikuti Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak di SMK Cerdas Murni Tembung. 2. Karakter Religius siswa di SMK Cerdas Murni Tembung.3. Hubungan Intensitas Mengikuti Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Dengan Karakter Religius Siswa Di SMK Cerdas Murni Tembung.Penelitian menggunakan beberapa instrument metode penelitian yaitu observasi, dokumentasi dan angket.Sedangkan analisis data penulis menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif yang ditabelkan secara sistematis dengan menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment. Data yang diolah menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment memperoleh hasil sebagai berikut :”dari hasil koefisien product moment dengan = 228,05 yang dibandingkan dengan 0,265 pada taraf signifikan 0,05% dari sebanyak 54 siswa”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Intensitas terhadap karakter religius siswa di SMK Cerdas Murni Tembung
Hukum Dalam Bentuk Kompensasi Bagi Korban Pelanggaran Ham Berat Dari Perspektif UU No 26 Tahun 2000
Authors: Winarti Teti 
Published: January 2022

Indonesia sebagai bagian dari komunitas negara-negara di dunia, sekalipun telah ikut menyetujui statuta ini, sampai sekarang belum melakukan ratifikasi dalam hukum nasionalnya, sekalipun sekarang ini telah memiliki Undang-Undang nomor 26 tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia. Itu artinya, belum ada harmonisasi instrument hukum internasional pada sistem hukum nasionalnya terkait dengan ICC, walaupun diakui di dalam UU tersebut bahwa muatan materinya sebagian berkiblat pada Statuta Roma. Dalam hal ini pengadopsian dan lahirnya UU No 26 Tahun 2000 ini didasari dan memiliki landasan hukum dalam konstitusi negara, deklarasi universal tentang HAM, Ketetapan MPR RI nomor: XVII/MPR/1998 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dan Undang- Undang nomor: 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, yang harus dilaksanakan dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab sesuai dengan falsafah negara Pancasila UU nomor 26 tahun 2000 dapat di katakana sebagai suatu bentuk penegasan terhadap perlindungan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia yang telah di atur di dalam Undang- Undang nomor: 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia , akan tetapi dalam hal ini lebih terkhususnya terhadap pelanggaran HAM berat yang merupakan produk kebijakan criminal ”model kompromi” sebab tidak semua ketentuan dalam UU tersebut persis sama dengan ketentuan yang diatur oleh Statuta Roma.
The Effect Of Bingo Media To Improve Students Vocabulary Of The Eighth Grade Students At SMP S AL – Washliyah 27 Medan
Authors: Yulia Sari Harahap Indah Eka Destry, 
Published: January 2022

There are some factors have influenced in teaching vocabulary. The creative teacher will use teaching method which appropriate with the students condition in the class and can attract them to be more interested in learning English especially vocabulary achievement. The aim of this research is to find the significance of Bingo Media in teaching English Vocabulary was observed and analyzed from students of eighth grade of SMP S Al – Washliyah 27 Medan. In this research, Bingo as media was implemented with discussion method in order was chosen in this research to solve the problem. The method of this research is quantitative by taking 60 students as the sample. The population of this research was all grade VIII students and the sample of this research were VIII – A as the experiment class, grade VIII – B as the control class. Instrument of the research was used multiple choice about Descriptive text. After the research gave the treatment by used Bingo in teaching Vocabulary it showed that pre-test average score of experimental group was 83,67 and control group was 69. Meanwhile, the post-test average of experimental groups was 59,33 and control group was 55. The research above the used Bingo and implementation of discussion method significantly affected on students vocabulary achievement. It could be concluded that the use of Bingo increasing students vocabulary achievement was affective. The result that found in this research was t observed was 6,94 and t table 2,00. It can state that there is significant difference between from students vocabulary scores taught by using Bingo and without Bingo. It means that Bingo Media are quite effective in improving students vocabulary achievement.
Prescribing Practice of Third Generation Cephalosporins in Medical Wards at Hospital Queen Elizabeth II (HQEII)
Authors: Nur Fairuz Sabrina Hashim  , Mizan Qishtina , Hong Tshun Kuan  , Dina Cyla Danny  , Lai Shuhua  , Goh Qing Liang  
Published: January 2022

Cephalosporins are amongst the most used antibiotics in hospital settings worldwide. The antibiotic report collated by the Pharmacy Department from Hospital Queen Elizabeth II(HQEII) in 2018 reflected high usage of third generation cephalosporins in medical wards, and indeed HQE II was one of the top users nationwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of third-generation cephalosporins in medical wards as per National Antimicrobial Guidelines (NAG) 2019. A prospective, observational study was conducted in medical wards from June 2019 till January 2020. Patients who were started with third-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefoperazone/sulbactam)were recruited, where 137 patients were enrolled with 60.6% were males. The mean age of patients was 53+16.8 years old. Antibiotics were initiated as per NAG recommendation. Cultures were taken before antibiotic initiation. Respiratory-related infections (n = 54, 39.4%) were the main indication and, antibiotics were continued as definite therapy in 38 patients (27.7%). The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 5 days (interquartile range = 3). Ceftazidime (n = 85, 62%) was most prescribed followed by ceftriaxone (n = 48, 35%)and cefotaxime (n = 4, 2.9%) respectively. It was worth noting that ceftazidime was primarilyused as empirical therapy for melioidosis (n = 64, 75.3%), particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 40, 62.5%), chronic kidney disease (n = 27, 42.2%), and/or occupational exposure (n = 4, 6.3%). The mean ceftazidime duration for empirical melioidosis was 3.2+1.6 days. Overall, third-generation cephalosporins were appropriately prescribed in medical wards as per NAG 2019. Further exploration of ceftazidime usage in empirical melioidosis is warranted.
Unparalleled Experiences of Online Medical Education during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mie Mie Sein  , Mya Sanda Khaing  , Tin Tin Thein  , Ahmedy Fatimah 
Published: January 2022

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or Sars-C0v2) pandemic in Malaysia have adversely affected the country in many aspects especially the economy and education sectors. Schools and universities alike are facing challenges in providing quality education to the students especially during the conditional movement control order (CMCO) periods, where many educational institutions have to close for the safety of students and personnel. Many strategies have been recommended to improve the quality of online teaching to enhance student engagement in the teaching learning processes. MOOC or Massive Open Online Courses are one of the alternative teaching strategies to advocate the students to access education remotely. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can be attended by hundreds of students in their own pace and time, which enable them to study from anywhere, at any time virtually. Thus, MOOCs have risen as an alternative option in addition to other online educational platforms. It is time to take advantage of the uncertain period of COVID-19 into an opportunity to develop the MOOCs as an educational tool for our students. The benefits of MOOCs are self-paced, self-directed, interactive and accessible by unlimited users.
MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS AMONG CLEFT LIP AND PALATE IN CHILDREN: A CONJOINT EXPOSITION
Authors: Islam Saba , Mumtaz Nazia , Saqulain Ghulam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To analyze the frequency of middle ear disorders among the cleft lip and palate and association with hearing Loss.
Study Design: Cross Sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Audiology Department of Cleft Hospital, Gujrat and ENT department of National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, from Oct 2018 to Mar 2019.
Methodology: We recruited a sample of 100 cleft lip and palate children of both genders, aged 3 month to 12 years, using nonprobability sampling. Screening was performed with otoscopy, tympanometry and hearing assessment.
Results: Out of sample population, 62% were males and 38% females with a mean age of 2.27 ± 2.73 years. The middle ear disorders were found to be 70%. Among these otitis media with effusion was the most common 43 (61.43%), followed by Acute otitis media 8 (11.43%) and Eustachian tube dysfunction 6 (8.57%). Tympanosclerosis and dry tympanic membrane perforation were the least common. Statistically significant association of hearing loss was found with the middle ear disorders (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Middle ear disorders especially otitis media with effusion are common in cleft lip/ palate children.
DELAYED ORAL FEEDING IN PATIENTS OF SALVAGE LARYNGECTOMY AND ITS EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT OF PHARYNGOCUTANEOUS FISTULA
Authors: Mushahid Uzair , Raza Sayed Nusrat , Akbar Farhan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a complication of post radiotherapy total laryngectomy. Early post operative feeding is a risk factor for development of PCF. Delayed oral feeding (DOF) and inserting a nasogastric tube has been considered a safe practice among head and neck surgeons, and there is no general agreement on the timing of initiation of the oral intake. This study compared the effect of EOF and DOF on PCF formation.
Study Design: Prospective case-controlled trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Apr 2019 to Jul 2020.
Methodology: Non-probability convenience sampling was done for both groups. The patients were not matched and were assigned to either EOF or DOF alternately. EOF was defined as feeding at seventh post operative day and DOF criterion was feeding on fourteenth post operative day. The primary outcome was development of PCF within the 30th post operative day. A total of 20 patients with prior radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer who presented with recurrence of carcinoma were included in the study. Same technique closure of neopharynx was done in all cases of laryngectomy.
Results: Overall PCF frequency was 20% (4/20). In EOF group, 30% (3/10) of patients developed PCF whereas 10% (1/10) of patients in DOF developed PCF. However, the difference in outcome of two groups was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: DOF in cases of Salvage total laryngectomy is a safe practice and it might help to reduce the frequency of pharyngocutaneous fistula.
TREATMENT OF VERTIGO- WITH & WITHOUT ANXIOLYTIC DRUG (ALPRAZOLAM 0.25MG)
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir , Raza Mohsin , Waqas Asma , Khan Beenish Hassan , Najam Atif 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the effect of using the tablet Alprazolam 0.25mg in the treatment outcome of vertigo related anxiety by beck anxiety inventory.
Study Design: Comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Okara Cantt, Sep 2018 to Jun 2020.
Methodology: A total of 384 patients were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to group A and B by randomized clinical trial. Group A was given tablet alprazolam 0.25 mg along with the conventional treatment of vertigo and group B was given the treatment of vertigo only and no anxiolytic was added. Their pre & post treatment (after 2 weeks) anxiety level using Beck anxiety inventory was scored.
Results: There was a significant improvement in group A patient’s vertigo effects after treatment with alprazolam. Also, it was observed that group A patients responded significant improvement in anxiety score as compared to Group B patients 02 weeks post treatment.
Conclusion: Antianxiety treatment should be added in all cases with the conventional treatment of vertigo to reduce the vertigo associated anxiety of the patients.
COMPARISON OF VALIDITY OF FNACAND ZIEHL–NEELSEN STAINS IN DIAGNOSING CERVICAL TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS
Authors: Qaiser Aisha , Niazi Muhammad Babar Sohail , Hassan Zaheer Ul , Khattak Shahid Farroq , Iqbal Shahid , Akbar Sunarays 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the validity of FNAC & ZN staining in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis taking mycobacterial culture as gold standard.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pathology department, Fauji Foundation Hospital Peshawar, from Oct 2019 to Sep 2020.
Methodology: This study includes 100 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes who presented as outdoor patients. After routine baseline & radiological investigations, FNAC & ZN staining was carried out, followed by mycobacterial culture.
Results: FNAC of tuberculous patients was positive in 56 (56%) patients while 24 (24%) patients revealed posi-tive mycobacterial culture. Inpatients with positive culture, 77 (77%) were FNAC positive and 23 (23%) were negative on cytology.
Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration is more sensitive & specific test than Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF SEMONTS MANOEUVRE VERSUS VESTIBULAR SEDDATIVE IN POSITIONAL VERTIGO
Authors: Niazi Muhammad Sohail Babar , Kamal Khawar , Hassan Zaheer Ul , Qaiser Aaisha , Khattak Shahid Farooq , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To carry out the comparison of the effectiveness of Semont manoeuvre and Vestibular Sedative in the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2020.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 60 patients who were diagnosed Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo by Dix Hallpike test. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 each. Group A was treated with vestibular sedative and group B was treated with Semont manoeuvre. The examination of all patients was done on day 3, day 7 and day 14 and the results were documented.
Results: The study was conducted on 60 patients who were diagnosed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo by Dix Hallpike test the study revealed that the 30 cases which were treated by Semont manoeuvre, 25 cases were completely symptom free after 14 days. Meanwhile out of 30 cases which were managed by oral vestibular sedative, only 4 cases showed complete recovery after 14 days. Chi square test was used to compare the results. The results revealed that Semont manoeuvre is more effective in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo than vestibular sedative.
Conclusion: Semont manoeuvre is more effective in the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo than vestibular sedative.
DISAPPEARANCE OF ANTIBODIES IN COVID-19 MYTHS ORREALITY
Authors: Raza Maqbool , Raza Muhammed Ali , Cheema De Emmal Asjad , Cheema Maham Asjad , Rafique Atif , Khan Sarim Waleed 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To explore the disappearance of neutralizing antibodies from patients, their myths, and facts.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan, from Jul 2021 to Aug 2021.
Methodology: A total of 100 blood samples were collected from 100 COVID-19 patients. These 100 patients were followed up for a period of 3 months. Antibodies were determined with the modified neutralization assay method and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The antibody level by NA and ELISA peaked on days 30-35 then decreased slightly. In multivariate analysis, patients aged 25-35, 36-56, and 57-84 years had a higher neutralizing antibody level than those aged 10-21 years. The patient with the worst clinical manifestation had a higher neutralizing antibody titer. In serum samples, IgG was undetectable at 18.3% and 11% and the geographical mean reciprocal titers dropped from 244 at 3-month period and neutralizing antibodies, the geographical mean reciprocal titers dropped from 874 at 3 months.
Conclusion: All COVID-19 patients were seropositive and significantly neutralizing antibody response. Neutralizing antibody levels depend on the time after the onset of symptoms, age, and severity of the disease.