bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Hematological Profile
Authors: Dey Goutam , Majumdar Arijit , Sinha Anuradha 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Being a systemic infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects hematologic system, along with cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems, resulting in altered hematological parameters. These altered hematological findings are thought to have a role in early risk stratification and prognostication of COVID-19 patients. However, the data on hematological abnormalities associated with the disease among Eastern Indian COVID-19 patients, particularly the Bengalis, are limited.

Aim:
The aim is to study the association, if any, between various hematological parameters and disease severity of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study involving 145 laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the disease severity, the patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Various hematological parameters were analyzed.

Results:
Of the 145 patients, 82.8%, 9.6%, and 7.5% of the cases were in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. The mean age was 48 years. The result of our study showed that the age of the patients is directly proportional to the severity of the illness. About 62.1% of the patients were male, whereas the rest (37.9%) were female. Our study showed an independent association of Covid severity with male gender. Although mean total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute count of neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil–monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammatory index among mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 cases were statistically significant (P < 0.05), basophil, monocyte, and platelet count were statistically insignificant among the three groups. Nearly all of the hematological parameters could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for subsequent analysis because their area under the curve was higher than 0.50.

Conclusion:
Severity of COVID-19 is associated with older age, male sex, higher TLC, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, high NLR, and high NMR. As complete blood count is an inexpensive routine blood investigation, it can be very useful in a resource-poor healthcare facility, which is unable to provide high-end investigations.
The Impact of Glycemic Control on Procalcitonin Level in Patients with Type II Diabetes
Authors: Abbas Zainab Abdul-Elah , El-Yassin Hedef Dhafir 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia that can lead to serious complications. It results from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and mainly affects adults. It is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue, muscles, and liver. Measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is one of the most widely used tests to monitor diabetes. The aim of this study was to shed light on the effect of glycemic control of type 2 diabetes on procalcitonin (PT) levels in order to prevent future complications.

Materials and Methods:
This case-control study included 68 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. At Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, and University of Baghdad and at Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla City, during the period from July 2020 to October 2020. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was estimated by using an affinity chromatography assay. These patients were divided according to HbA1c level into bad control group (HbA1c > = 7%) which included 36 patients, and good control group (HbA1c <7%) which included 32 patients. Another group of 32 nondiabetic apparently healthy subjects (HbA1c <5.7%) served as control group. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), gestational diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, history of recent infection, diabetic foot, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or recent trauma or surgery were excluded. PCT of each participant was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
The mean PCT values of bad control group, good control group, and control groups were 871.3776, 834.5005, and 208.5313 pg/mL, respectively. The study showed that there was no significant difference in mean PCT between good control and bad control groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant correlation between PCT and HbA1c among diabetic patients (r = 0.072, P > 0.05). However, there is a significant differences in mean of PCT values between diabetic patients and control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was no effect of glycemic control on PCT level in patients with T2DM. However, the level of PCT was increased in comparison with non-diabetic healthy subjects.
The Relationship between Serum Levels of Irisin and Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Jasem Jenan Abd Al , Al-Moayad Hala Abd Al-Qadir 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hyperglycemia often occurs in pregnant women with a significant increase in the global prevalence of diabetes. This phenomenon provides a large amount of research data for studying the relationship between pregnancy and blood glucose. Irisin is a myokine first identified for its ability to induce the browning of white adipose tissue, to increase energy expenditure, and to protect against insulin resistance and obesity.

Objectives:
The aim is to assess the relationship between serum levels of irisin and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and Methods:
A case–control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al-Imamian Al-Kadhemain Medical City, from the first of January 2020 to the end of October 2020. Pregnant women at the second trimester (n = 100) were divided into two groups: women with GDM previously diagnosed as case group (n = 50) and healthy pregnant women as control group (n = 50).

Results:
Mean serum level of irisin for the case group was 707.5 ± 167.2 ng/mL, and 892 ± 123.8 ng/mL for the control group, with a highly significant decrease in the case group than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The validity test of the serum irisin level at cutoff value of 702 shows that sensitivity was 94%, specificity was 90%, negative predicted value was 94%, positive predicted value was 90%, and the accuracy of the test was 92%.

Conclusion:
Serum levels of irisin were significantly lower in patients with GDM.
The Effect of Vit B12 Deficiency, Homocystein, and Lipid Metabolism in Association with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahmood Kawakib Saeed , Al-Rasol Enas Adnan Abd 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Gestational diabetes defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during the present pregnancy. This definition applies whether or not insulin is used for treatment and undoubtedly includes some women with previously unrecognized overt diabetes.

Objectives:
To assess the effect of Vit B12 deficiency, Homocystein and Lipid metabolism in association with increased risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective case control study. Sample collection: pregnant women at the 2nd and 3rd trimester (n = 100) were divided into two groups: Women with GDM considered as case group (n = 50) and healthy pregnant women as control group (n = 50) were enrolled in this study.

Results:
The mean level of serum B12 in case group were (169.3 ± 13.6) and (227.5 ± 29.9) of control group with highly significant decrease in case group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.001). Significant correlation between Vit B12 and BMI, and significant association with moderate correlation with Gestational age (P- values =0.042). Significant association with moderate correlation between Vit B12 and both insulin level and HOMA-IR test in GDM group (P < 0.05) respectively. Highly significant association (P < 0.001) with good correlation (0.712) was found between Homocysteine and B12. Significant correlation between Vit B12 and lipid profile (cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG) and LDL, HDL, and TG were presented with moderate correlation. Homocysteine [umol/L] level in GDM group was (8.31 +/- 2.02) and (7.33 +/- 3.54) for healthy group with significant difference (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Highly significant decrease of vit B12 in patients with GDM than that in healthy group, while highly significant increase of Homocysteine and triglyceride in GDM patients than in healthy group.
Assessment of Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle and Medications Among Hypertensive Patients in Babylon Province
Authors: Mahdi Helen Ali , Al-Humairi Ameer Kadhim 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hypertension is one of the most common health problems in the world and considered as the most common risk factor for different heart diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, renal disease, and peripheral vascular diseases. Adherence to healthy lifestyle and medications plays an important role in controlling hypertension among hypertensive patients and in preventing the long-term complications of hypertension.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the adherence to healthy lifestyle and medications in controlling hypertension among hypertensive patients in Al-Hilla city, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a “descriptive cross-sectional study” involving about 303 hypertensive patients who visited healthcare centers and hospitals above 18 years by a designed questionnaire through the interview method. The data were collected from April to July 2021.

Results:
The mean age of hypertensive patients was 54.89 ± 10.42 years, females represent 51.2%, males represent 48.8%, adherence of hypertensive patients to healthy lifestyle was 65.3%, and adherence to medications was 55.4%. There was no significant association between adherence to healthy lifestyle and medications and variables in our study (age, sex, marital status, educational level, residence, employment status, socio-economic level, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, and measurement of hypertension).

Conclusion:
In this study in Babylon Province, the highest proportions of hypertensive patients adhere to healthy lifestyle (65.3%) and medications (55.4%), and there is no significant association between adherence to healthy lifestyle and medications and variables in our study (age, sex, marital status, educational level, residence, employment status, socio-economic level, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, and measurement of hypertension).
Knowledge of Mothers Toward Growth and Development of Their Under-5 Years Children in Western Rajasthan (India)
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Kaushik Narendra Kumar , Vaishnav Jaishree , Krishnan Vishal , Pareek Shatrughan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The first five years of a child’s life is a golden period for their growth and development, fostering their future learning skills and social and emotional abilities due to rapid gains in physical and cognitive growth and development.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of mothers about the growth and development of under 5-years children in western Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted with quantitative descriptive approach. The study was conducted at Prince Bijay Singh Memorial (PBM) Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan. The population of the current study comprised of 150 mothers, having at least an under-5 year’s child. The subjects were selected by Non-probability convenient sampling technique for this study. Self-structured questionnaire on demographic profile and knowledge about growth and development were distributed among the mothers.

Results:
The study revealed that half of the mothers were belongs to 26–35 years of age group. The majority of mothers (42%) were having education up to primary level. In occupational status, the most of mothers (56.66%) were house wife. Furthermore, the majority of the mothers (65.33%) had average level of knowledge followed by 28.67% of them had good level of knowledge while only 6% had poor level of knowledge regarding growth and development of under-5 year children. Likewise there was a significant association between the knowledge scores of the mothers and age (p-value- 0.031), educational status (p-value- 0.0001) and occupation (p-value- 0.0001). Whereas, variables like as: family income, type of family and Number of children in family were not significantly associated the level of knowledge.

Conclusion:
Findings of this research study suggested that most of the mothers having average level of knowledge towards growth and development of under-5 year children. In addition, Knowledge of the mothers was partially associated with their selected demographic variables. Furthermore, sound knowledge of mothers is vital for growth and development of under-5 year children.
Health – Related Quality of Life of Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Abbas Sabreen Jasim 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most common form of arthritis and is a major cause of pain and disability in older people. Knee OA as a disabling disease affecting all aspects of patients’ life. Health – related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly being acknowledged as a valid health indicator in many diseases especially chronic processes.

Objective:
To assess the impact of Knee OA on HRQOL of Knee OA patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross sectional descriptive study assessed HRQOL of 100 knee OA patients without significant comorbidity, were interviewed at Rheumatology consultant clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital by using 14 questions of CDC Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire between September, 2020 to March 2021.

Results:
From 100 participants (21% male, 79% female), 96% of them said that knee pain made usual things hard to do with mean of 19 days according to the last 30 days before the interview. 89% of them said that they were limited in any way in any activities because of knee OA.

Conclusion:
The overall results of this study reflect the negative impact of Knee OA on HRQOL of the patients and, we found that the higher BMI (body mass index), age, disease duration and bilateral involvement, the lower the quality of life.
The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index Among Primary-School Children
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Mundher , Al-Rawi Riyadh Adil , Abdulmajeed Balsam Yahya , Ayoub Najla Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hypertension is Common and is a third on the list of chronic pediatric diseases (after asthma and obesity), Obesity on the Other hand is a growing problem worldwide and both are consider being major causes of morbidity and mortality in many countries, and can lead to long-term health risks in children.

Objective:
is to examine the association between blood pressure and Obesity in Baghdad primary school.

Materials and Methods:
cross sectional study, from January 1, 2016 to June 1, 2016. Clusters of 1044 children aged 6–12 years from primary schools in Baghdad were surveyed, excluding those who have cardio vascular, renal and endocrine diseases. Data on age, gender, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected, body mass index has been measured. Classification of children was based on age and sex-specific BMI percentile groups as normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Result:
The overall prevalence of hypertension in the current study is 19.6%, (7.6%) prehypertension, (72.7%) normal, obesity prevalence is 19.1%,(15.4%) overweight and (61.6%) normal, after comparison between blood pressure values and age-sex-body mass percentile groups, the result revealed that blood pressure values were higher in obese groups (9.6%) than those in normal weight groups(6.3%) for both sex.

Conclusion:
Hypertension is not uncommon problem in 6–12 years old children and it is more prevalent in overweight and obese children Blood pressure should be routine and frequent checking in children, especially obese children.
Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint
Authors: Redah Samer Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and doubles the number of visits to primary care practitioners for those with the condition in comparison to those without. OA affects the knee more often than any other joint, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of autologous blood growth factors which has been shown to provide some symptomatic relief in early osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.

Objective:
the aim of this prospective study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of prp injection in patients with OA of the knee.

Materials and Methods:
60 patients with 74 knees affected by variable grades of OA were enrolled in our study in Alwasity teaching hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 with follow up till December 2021. 49 patients with 62 knees were females and 11 patients with 12 knees were males, all patients received three injections of prp at weekly intervals and were followed up every three months for two years.

Results:
After one year of follow up 11 knees with KL-G I had decrease in VAS score to 0–2 (73.3%),19 knees with KL-G II had decrease of VAS score to 1–3 (70.3%),10 knees with KL-G III had decrease of VAS score to 4–5 (40%), All 7 knees with KL-G IV didn’t have any response during treatment or at the end of 1st year. All patients had scores similar to that before starting treatment at the end of 2nd year.

Conclusion:
The present state of knowledge holds promise for PRP of certain specifications for pain management in early OA knee. PRP has consistently been shown by various clinical studies to be useful in OA of the knee. Nevertheless, a lot of grey areas remain in our understanding of PRP and OA, and many more focused clinical and in vitro studies are required. PRP seems to be an evolving future trend.
A novel anticancer effect of Licuala longecalyculata Furtado extracts on lung cancer cell line
Authors: Promsong Aornrutai , Lanlalin Nasomyon Lanlalin , Maungchanburi Saowanee , Saksawad Rachata , Pratakkarn Arisara 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate anticancer effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br., Lygodium salicifolium Presl, and Licuala longecalyculata Furtado on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line, and to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents of those medicinal plants.
Methods: The three medicinal plants were extracted with ethanol and water using a rotary evaporator and freeze dryer, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the crude extracts at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 200 μg/ml on A549 cells was determined using MTT assay at various times. Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method were used to analyze total flavonoid and phenolic content, respectively.
Results: L. longecalyculata Furtado extracted with ethanol strongly inhibited A549 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 12.00±0.41 μg/ml, whereas L. microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br. and L. salicifolium Presl did not. In addition to the morphological changes, an anticancer effect was observed in L. longecalyculata Furtado-treated A549 cells. L. longecalyculata Furtado showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.
Conclusion: These results indicate that in accordance with local wisdom, L. longecalyculata Furtado crude extract can empirically inhibit lung cancer cell line, but L. microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br. and L. salicifolium Presl cannot. However, further study of L. longecalyculata Furtado is needed to identify phytochemical compounds and their mechanism of anticancer action, in order to develop them as a new therapeutic agent for lung cancer management.
Performance analysis of professional U-23 portuguese players in small-sided games
Authors: Santos Fernando , Domingos Filpa , Cruz Gonçalo , Alves Rodolfo , Ferreira Cátia , Figueiredo Teresa , Espada Mário 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different small-sided games (SSGs) format on external, internal load and technical actions of professional U-23 portuguese soccer players. Eight players (20.1±0.8 years, 180.4±7.2 cm, 75.9±4.9 kg) performed three different 4 vs. 4 ball possession SSGs (3x3 min play/rest) in different pitch dimensions, SSG1 16x24 m, SSG2 20x30 m and SSG3 24x36 m. All SSGs were video recorded for technical actions analysis. WIMU PROTM (RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) inertial devices were used for internal and external load data collection. The distribution normality was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric and nonparametric statistics were selected accordingly. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS™ 25.0 version) was used for data analysis. No significant differences were observed comparing the different SSGs in total distance covered, acceleration/deceleration distance, as well as in maximal and mean heart rate. Regarding the technical actions, no significant differences were observed in successful passes, contrary to the observed from SSG1 to SSG3 in duels (7.00±2.13; 4.38±2.44; 4.25±1.98), number of balls lost (2.63±1.30; 1.00±0.53; 0.88±1.12) and in between SSGs in high-speed running (p<0.05, ES=0.37). In senior and professional soccer players, the modification of the pitch size between 16x24 m and 24x36 m during 4 vs. 4 ball possession SSGs with 3x3 min play/rest promotes modifications in the dynamic of technical actions and internal and external training load variables
Keywords: Small-sided games, Professional soccer, Technical actions, External and internal load, Performance.
Analytical study of the impact of age chronotype and time preferences on the academic performance of secondary school students from a modest social background
Authors: Sabaoui Ikram , Lotfi Said , Talbi Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

The biological factors of the human being are subject to both endogenous and exogenous circadian rhythms. The effects of the latter on cognitive, psychomotor and academic performance is burdensome. During the weekdays, the adolescent interactions are regulated by the school rhythm on the one hand and the biological fluctuations on the other. However, no studies till nowdays have investigated the relationship of academic performance with age and chronotype or analyzed students’ time preferences of courses reviewing and familial socioeconomic status in a young Moroccan population. For this reason, we aimed to examine the impact of these variables on the scholar outcomes of Moroccan adolescents whose average age is 13 years, based on their grade levels.We used the “Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ)” through its 19 multiple-choice questions to measure chronotype, while courses reviewing preferences on school days and familial socioeconomic status were investigated using a directive interview. As for the academic performance measures, we used the grade point average (GPA), extracted from “MASSAR platform” for each school subject.The majority of the sample is intermediate type (51.91 ± 9.66), 23.5% of it is morning type while the rest is evening type. Morning type students at all grade levels had a higher grade point average compared to moderate evening type. The results showed that chronotype has a main effect on both Humanistic/linguistic (p < .024) and Physical education grades (p < .031). While age (p< .001), mothers’ educational level and fathers financial status all have a significatif effect on students’ academic performance. Our results opt for the consideration of students’circadian typology, grade levels, time preferences and familial socioeconomic status when planning the school calendar, aiming from administrators to make small changes in the scheduling patterns that may improve the academic performance at a law-cost.