bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AP1/2β-mediated exocytosis of tapetum-specific transporters is required for pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liu Chan , Li Zhimin , Tian Dan , Xu Mei , Pan Jianwei , Wu Haijun , Wang Chao , Otegui Marisa S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
AP-1 and AP-2 adaptor protein (AP) complexes mediate clathrin-dependent trafficking at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane, respectively. Whereas AP-1 is required for trafficking to plasma membrane and vacuoles, AP-2 mediates endocytosis. These AP complexes consist of four subunits (adaptins): two large subunits (β1 and γ for AP-1 and β2 and α for AP-2), a medium subunit μ, and a small subunit σ. In general, adaptins are unique to each AP complex, with the exception of β subunits that are shared by AP-1 and AP-2 in some invertebrates. Here, we show that the two putative Arabidopsis thaliana AP1/2β adaptins co-assemble with both AP-1 and AP-2 subunits and regulate exocytosis and endocytosis in root cells, consistent with their dual localization at the TGN and plasma membrane. Deletion of both β adaptins is lethal in plants. We identified a critical role of β adaptins in pollen wall formation and reproduction, involving the regulation of membrane trafficking in the tapetum and pollen germination. In tapetal cells, β adaptins localize almost exclusively to the TGN and mediate exocytosis of the plasma membrane transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC)G9 and ABCG16. This study highlights the essential role of AP1/2β adaptins in plants and their specialized roles in specific cell types.
Rapid growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): Cellular roadmaps, transcriptome dynamics, and environmental factors
Authors: Chen Ming , Guo Lin , Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Fei Zhangjun , Vinod Kunnummal K , Ding Yulong , Jiao Chen , Gao Zhipeng , Zha Ruofei , Wang Chunyue , Gao Zhimin , Yu Fen , Ren Guodong , Wei Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shows remarkably rapid growth (114.5 cm/day), but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. After examining more than 12,750 internodes from more than 510 culms from 17 Moso populations, we identified internode 18 as a representative internode for rapid growth. This internode includes a 2-cm cell division zone (DZ), a cell elongation zone up to 12 cm, and a secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening zone. These zones elongated 11.8 cm, produced approximately 570,000,000 cells, and deposited ∼28 mg g−1 dry weight (DW) lignin and ∼44 mg g−1 DW cellulose daily, far exceeding vegetative growth observed in other plants. We used anatomical, mathematical, physiological, and genomic data to characterize development and transcriptional networks during rapid growth in internode 18. Our results suggest that (1) gibberellin may directly trigger the rapid growth of Moso shoots, (2) decreased cytokinin and increased auxin accumulation may trigger cell DZ elongation, and (3) abscisic acid and mechanical pressure may stimulate rapid SCW thickening via MYB83L. We conclude that internode length involves a possible tradeoff mediated by mechanical pressure caused by rapid growth, possibly influenced by environmental temperature and regulated by genes related to cell division and elongation. Our results provide insight into the rapid growth of Moso bamboo.
Heterosis of fitness and phenotypic variance in the evolution of a diploid gene regulatory network
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Kaneko Kunihiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Heterosis describes the phenomenon, whereby a hybrid population has higher fitness than an inbred population, which has previously been explained by either Mendelian dominance or overdominance under the general assumption of a simple genotype–phenotype relationship. However, recent studies have demonstrated that genes interact through a complex gene regulatory network (GRN). Furthermore, phenotypic variance is reportedly lower for heterozygotes, and the origin of such variance-related heterosis remains elusive. Therefore, a theoretical analysis linking heterosis to GRN evolution and stochastic gene expression dynamics is required. Here, we investigated heterosis related to fitness and phenotypic variance in a system with interacting genes by numerically evolving diploid GRNs. According to the results, the heterozygote population exhibited higher fitness than the homozygote population, indicating fitness-related heterosis resulting from evolution. In addition, the heterozygote population exhibited lower noise-related phenotypic variance in expression levels than the homozygous population, implying that the heterozygote population is more robust to noise. Furthermore, the distribution of the ratio of heterozygote phenotypic variance to homozygote phenotypic variance exhibited quantitative similarity with previous experimental results. By applying dominance and differential gene expression rather than only a single gene expression model, we confirmed the correlation between heterosis and differential gene expression. We explain our results by proposing that the convex high-fitness region is evolutionarily shaped in the genetic space to gain noise robustness under genetic mixing through sexual reproduction. These results provide new insights into the effects of GRNs on variance-related heterosis and differential gene expression.
Embracing heterogeneity: Why plural understandings strengthen interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity
Authors: Vienni-Baptista Bianca , Fletcher Isabel , Lyall Catherine , Pohl Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity are seen as promising ways to address societies’ grand challenges and so have become important topics in academic and policy discourses, particularly as part of discussions about mission-oriented knowledge production and research funding processes. However, there is an important disconnect between the way these terms are defined and used in the academic literature and the way they are defined and used in the policy literature. Academic writing on interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity offers plural understandings of both terms, whereas policy documents argue for concrete and simplified definitions. In this paper, we analyse the implications of these differences for research and funding. On the basis of an extensive literature review, we argue that the heterogeneity of understandings in interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity constitutes an asset. We advocate for the plurality of understandings to be used constructively in order to strengthen and promote effective research and research funding.
Complement activation mainly mediates the association of heart rate variability and cognitive impairment in adults with obstructive sleep apnea without dementia
Authors: Xue Song , Li Meng-Fan , Leng Bing , Yao Ran , Sun Zhuoran , Yang Yanyan , Gao Yan-ling , Liu Xiaoxiao , Sun Hai-rong , Li Zhenguang , Zhang Jinbiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The relationship between autonomic nervous system dysfunction measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is complex and still not well understood. We aimed to analyze the role of complement activation, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in modulating the association of HRV with cognitive performance.

Methods
There were 199 subjects without dementia, including 42 healthy controls, 80 OSA patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 77 OSA patients without cognitive impairment. All participants who completed polysomnography, cognition, WMH volume, and 5-min HRV analysis were recorded during wakefulness and sleep periods. Neuron-derived exosome and astrocyte-derived exosome proteins were measured by ELISA kits.

Results
The OSA with MCI group were associated with a lower mean of standard deviations of R-R intervals for 5-min intervals (SDANN index) during wakefulness, standard deviation of the R-R interval (SDNN) during sleep stage and percentage of adjacent R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms (PNN50) in each stage compared with OSA without MCI. The influence of HRV on cognition was partially mediated by complement activation (C5b-9 mediated a maximum of 51.21%), AD biomarkers, and WMH.

Conclusions
Lower SDANN index and PNN50 during wakefulness and SDNN and PNN50 during sleep periods were found in OSA patients with MCI, suggesting potential vulnerability to autonomic and parasympathetic dysfunction. Complement activation, AD biomarkers, and WMH might partially mediate and interact with the influence of HRV on cognitive impairment in OSA patients.

Clinical Trial Registration
ChiCTR1900021544.
Endometrial Carcinoma Molecular Subtype Correlates With the Presence of Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Thompson Emily F. , Huvila Jutta , Leung Samuel , Lum Amy , Morin Chantale , Ennour-Idrissi Kaoutar , Sebastianelli Alexandra , Renaud Marie-Claude , Gregoire Jean , Huntsman David G. , Gilks C. Blake , Plante Marie , Grondin Katherine , McAlpine Jessica N. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2022;165:376–384)
Endometrial cancer (EC) continues to increase in incidence and mortality globally and represents the most common gynecologic cancer in North America. Approximately 22% of patients with stage 1 EC have extrauterine disease, most commonly in pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes.
Diagnostic Yield of Next-Generation Sequencing in Fetuses With Isolated Increased Nuchal Translucency: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pauta M. , Martinez-Portilla R. J. , Borrell A. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022;59:26–32)
The ultrasound assessment of subcutaneous fetal neck fluid accumulation, or nuchal translucency (NT), has been demonstrated to be a marker of aneuploidy, cardiac and other structural defects, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Routinely measured around 11 to 13 weeks' gestation, it is used together with biochemical markers in the first-trimester combined screening to establish risks for trisomies 21, 18, and 13.
Is Delaying Urogynecologic Surgery for Patients With Elevated Hemoglobin A1C High-Value Care?
Authors: Wang Rui , Harvie Heidi S. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022;28:e34–e38)
An increased rate of complications in surgical patients with poor glycemic control has an impact on the use of health care resources and costs for the health care system. A higher rate of surgical complications has also been reported in patients who undergo female pelvic reconstructive surgery (FPRS) and have elevated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels >8%.
Dunning-Kruger Effect Between Self-Peer Ratings of Surgical Performance During a MASCAL Event and Pre-Event Assessed Trauma Procedural Capabilities
Authors: Andreatta Pamela B. , Patel Jigarkumar A. , Buzzelli Mark D. , Nelson Kenneth J. , Graybill John Christopher , Jensen Shane D. , Remick Kyle N. , Bowyer Mark W. , Gurney Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
The research question asked to what extent do self-rated performance scores of individual surgeons correspond to assessed procedural performance abilities and to peer ratings of procedural performance during a mass casualty (MASCAL) event?

Background:
Self-assessment using performance rating scales is ubiquitous in surgical education as a proxy for direct measurement of competence. The validity and reliability of self-ratings as competency measures are susceptible to cognitive biases such as Dunning-Kruger effects, which describe how individuals over/underestimate their own performance compared to assessments from independent sources. The ability of surgeons to accurately self-assess their procedural performance remains undetermined.

Methods:
A purposive sample of military surgeons (N = 13) who collectively cared for trauma patients during a MASCAL event participated in the study. Pre-event performance assessment scores for 32 trauma procedures were compared with post-event self and peer performance ratings using F tests (P < 0.05) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d).

Results:
There were no significant differences between peer ratings and performance assessment scores. There were significant differences between self-ratings and both peer ratings (P < 0.001) and performance assessment scores (P < 0.001). Effect sizes were very large for self to peer rating comparison (Cohen’s d = 2.34) and self to performance assessment comparison (Cohen’s d = 2.77).

Conclusions:
The outcomes demonstrate that self-ratings were significantly lower than the independently determined assessment scores for each surgeon, revealing a Dunning-Kruger effect for highly skilled individuals underestimating their abilities. These outcomes underscore the limitations of self-assessment for measuring competence.
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Acute Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin: Operational Recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Cao Wei , Li Zhenghong , Zhu Huadong , Zhou Xiang , Yang Qiwen , Han Yang , Liu Jihai , Chang Qing , Li Taisheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Around 450 cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children have been reported in 21 countries and region globally since April 2022, which has exceeded the past annual incidences of related regions, and has aroused wide concern. Affected patients were predominantly children under 16 years of age, presented with symptoms of acute hepatitis with markedly elevated liver enzymes, and had been ruled out of common viral infections such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Similar cases have not been reported in China yet. However, considering that the severe acute hepatitis has involved worldwide areas, still with unknown origin, and incidences of severity is relatively high, we formulated this recommendation to standardize diagnosis and treatment of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, to get fully prepared to the possible public health events.
Malnutrition as a Risk Factor for Post-Operative Morbidity in Gynecologic Cancer: Analysis Using a National Surgical Outcomes Database
Authors: Goins Emily C. , Weber Jeremy M. , Truong Tracy , Moss Haley A. , Previs Rebecca A. , Davidson Brittany A. , Havrilesky Laura J. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2022;165:309–316)
Nutritional status has been shown to independently predict postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing surgery for cancer, including gynecologic cancer. Many definitions of malnutrition have been proposed, including the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) definition as a combination of 2 factors: body mass index (BMI) 18.5–20 if age <70 years or BMI 18.5–22 if age >70 years, as well as unintended weight loss of >10% over any period of >5% over 3 months (ESPEN 1).
Novel digital continuous sensor for monitoring of compartment pressure: a case report
Authors: Montreuil Julien , Corban Jason , Reindl Rudolf , Harvey Edward J. , Bernstein Mitchell 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Case:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has recently identified continuous intracompartmental pressure monitoring as 1 of the few means to assist in ruling out acute compartment syndrome (ACS). There are very few methods that allow this measurement. This manuscript describes the use of a new digital monitoring system for ACS in 3 patients. This minimally invasive device, the MY01 (NXTSENS, Montreal, Canada) is capable of continuously and precisely measuring variations in intracompartmental pressure.

Conclusion:
MY01 detected the occurrence of ACS at early-stage and expedited the timing of surgery for 2 patients. This tool also objectively excluded a suspected diagnosis of ACS in a medically comorbid patient, obviating the need for unnecessary fasciotomies and potential complications.
Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Virtual Stroke Rehabilitation Consensus Statement 2022
Authors: Salbach Nancy M. , Mountain Anita , Lindsay M. Patrice , Blacquiere Dylan , McGuff Rebecca , Foley Norine , Corriveau Hélène , Fung Joyce , Gierman Natalie , Inness Elizabeth , Linkewich Elizabeth , O’Connell Colleen , Sakakibara Brodie , Smith Eric E. , Tang Ada , Timpson Debbie , Vallentin Tina , White Katie , Yao Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The 7th edition of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSBPR) for Rehabilitation and Recovery following Stroke includes a new section devoted to the provision of virtual stroke rehabilitation. This consensus statement utilizes GRADE methodology and AGREE II principles. A literature search was conducted using PUBMED, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases. An expert writing group reviewed all evidence and developed recommendations, as well as consensus-based clinical considerations where evidence was insufficient for a recommendation. All recommendations underwent internal and external review. These recommendations apply to hospital, ambulatory care and community-based settings where virtual stroke rehabilitation is provided. This guidance is relevant to health professionals, people living with stroke, healthcare administrators and funders. Recommendations address issues of access, eligibility, consent and privacy, technology and planning, training and competency (for healthcare providers, patients and their families), assessment, service delivery and evaluation. Virtual stroke rehabilitation has been shown to safely and effectively increase access to rehabilitation therapies and care providers and uptake of these recommendations should be a priority in rehabilitation settings. They are key drivers of access to high-quality evidence-based stroke care regardless of geographical location and personal circumstances in Canada.
Awareness and uptake of the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe HIV prevention package over time among population-based cohorts of young women in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Gourlay Annabelle J. , Birdthistle Isolde , Mulwa Sarah , Mthiyane Nondumiso T. , Magut Faith , Chimbindi Natsayi , Ziraba Abdhalah , Otieno Moses , Kwaro Daniel , Osindo Jane , Kamire Vivienne , Shahmanesh Maryam , Floyd Sian 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate uptake of a complex intervention for HIV prevention among general populations of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in three diverse settings.

Design:
Cohorts of ∼1500 AGYW were randomly selected from demographic platforms in Kenya (Nairobi and Siaya) and South Africa (uMkhanyakude, KwaZulu-Natal).

Methods:
AGYW aged 13/15–22 years were enrolled in 2017 (Nairobi and uMkha-nyakude) or 2018 (Siaya), with annual follow-up to 2019. We describe awareness of DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe), self-reported invitation to participate, and uptake of DREAMS interventions by: categories and levels of the PEPFAR core package;number of ‘primary’ interventions (seven in Kenya;five in South Africa). Analyses were stratified by year invited and age at cohort enrolment.

Results:
Proportions aware and invited to DREAMS increased across all settings, to ≥ 83% aware and ≥ 53% invited by 2018 (highest among AGYW aged 13–17 years, e.g. 63 vs. 40% among 18–22 s, uMkhanyakude). HIV testing, school-based interventions and social protection were the most accessed categories, while differences in uptake by DREAMS invitation were greatest for novel DREAMS interventions, for example, social asset building (76% among those invited in 2017 and 2018 vs. 9% among those never-invited in Nairobi). Although few DREAMS invitees accessed all intended primary interventions by 2019 (2% of 15–17 s and 5% of 18–22 s in Gem), many accessed at least three interventions, including combinations across individual, family and community levels.

Conclusion:
Over time, DREAMS reached high proportions of AGYW in all settings, particularly younger AGYW. Participation in combinations of interventions improved but uptake of the complete primary packages remained low.
Effects of men's lifetime adverse events experience on violence, HIV risk, and wellbeing: insights from three countries
Authors: Pulerwitz Julie , McClair Tracy , Gottert Ann , Shabangu Patrick , Cawood Cherie , Chipeta Effie , Mathur Sanyukta 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess men's experiences of adverse events in both child and adulthood and their effects on violence, HIV risk, and well being in three sub-Saharan countries.

Design:
We conducted cross-sectional surveys from 2017 to 2018 with men (all 18+) recruited via the PLACE methodology at community hotspots and HIV service sites in Eswatini (n = 1091), South Africa (n = 932), and Malawi (n = 611).

Methods:
Prevalence of men's adverse events in childhood (e.g. beaten at home often) and adulthood (e.g. robbed at gunpoint) was described. We examined associations between cumulative effects of these events on health outcomes, via log binomial regression.

Results:
About 70% of men in each country experienced adverse events in childhood, while adult experience varied from 47 to 64%. There was a dose–response effect of cumulative exposure. Among men with 0, 1–2, and 3+ traumas, for example, 22, 35, and 52% reported depression/anxiety in Malawi, and 8, 17, and 27% perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Africa. In multivariate analyses, experiencing at least one event in both childhood and adulthood (vs. neither) was significantly associated with various health outcomes (e.g. multiple sexual partnerships: adjusted risk ratio or aRR = 2.40 in Malawi; IPV perpetration: aRR = 3.59 in South Africa; depression/anxiety: aRR = 1.37 in Eswatini).

Conclusion:
Men who experienced adverse events in childhood or adulthood faced increased HIV risk/negative health outcomes. More events were associated with worse outcomes. Interventions for men addressing trauma in both childhood and adulthood are essential for their (and their partners’) health and well being.
Play Ball: A 10-Year Comparative Analysis of Craniofacial Safety in Baseball and Softball
Authors: Riccio Charles A. , Balaji Navin , Pierrot Randall , Wolfe Erin , Slavin Benjamin R. , Kaplan Nate , Kaplan Lee , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:Within the United States, the number of players participating in baseball increased by nearly 21% to 15.9 million between 2014 and 2019. Additionally, batting helmets with face-masks are encouraged yet optional in youth baseball as well as college baseball and softball. in light of inconsistencies in safety equipment enforcement and usage, this study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the number and frequency of baseball and softball-related craniofacial injuries (CFis).Methods:Data regarding baseball and softball-related injuries were gathered from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database from 2011 to 2020. Craniofacial injuries were isolated and organized into 5-year age groups beginning with 5 to 9 years and ending with 25 to 29 years of age. Data was further stratified by location and type of injury. Injury types specifically reported in this study included concussion, contusion, fracture, and laceration.Results:Distribution of injuries across age groups differed significantly between baseball and softball (P< 0.001). When comparing the 10 to 14 year old group to the 15 to 19 year old group, we found that concussions and head contusions comprise a significantly greater proportion of all injuries in softball than in baseball. Conversely, facial fractures, facial lacerations, and mouth lacerations comprise a significantly greater proportion ofinjuries in baseball than in softball.Conclusion:Future prospective studies aiming to better characterize the within-game nature of these reported CFIs would certainly be beneficial in guiding the baseball and softball communities toward consideration of implementing maximally efficacious updates to current safety equipment standards.