bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerotherapy of Symptomatic Nonparasitic Splenic Cysts: Excellent Long-Term Treatment Response'
Authors: Dölle Michael , Wedemeyer Heiner , Gebel Michael , Potthoff Andrej , Zender Steffen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Splenic cysts are rare and occur in 0.5 to 2% of the population. They are usually asymptomatic and do not require therapy. In case of symptomatic nonparasitic splenic cysts, potential therapy includes partial splenectomy or laparoscopic cyst de-roofing as well as ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with 1% polidocanol or 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) as an interventional alternative. So far, single-session sclerotherapy of symptomatic nonparasitic cysts is recommended only if clear-transparent cyst fluid is aspirated.
Materials and Methods We report a case series of 17 patients with symptomatic macroscopically turbid nonparasitic splenic cyst fluid who underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle sclerotherapy with either polidocanol ± 10% NaCl (n = 12) or 10% NaCl alone (n = 5) and a follow-up of a maximum of 12 years after first intervention. Clinical, sonographic, and laboratory chemistry data were recorded at baseline and during the follow-up.
Results The mean follow-up time was 43.65 ± 40.18 months. At the end of the follow-up, a 79% reduction of cyst size was achieved. The maximum size reduction in the polidocanol group was 76 ± 18% and 84 ± 21% in the sodium chloride group (p >0.05). At the end of follow-up, 15 out of the 17 patients did not have any further symptoms. Despite the cystic fluid being turbid, it was hardly possible to detect a microbiological superinfection.
Conclusion Sclerotherapy of splenic cysts leads to a significant size regression in all patients, independent of the sclerotherapy agent used with fewer systemic toxic side effects of polidocanol treatment. It was shown that in a tertiary care center with significant experience, sclerotherapy of splenic cysts is also safe and successful and can lead to a drastic regression of cyst size and symptoms. This shows that interventional therapy is a good alternative to surgical procedures.
Volatile-consuming reactions fracture rocks and self-accelerate fluid flow in the lithosphere
Authors: Uno Masaoki , Koyanagawa Kodai , Kasahara Hisamu , Okamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Hydration and carbonation are the main reactions that drive volatile cycles in the Earth. These reactions are characterized by a large increase in solid volume, by up to several tens of percent, and may induce fracturing, fluid flow, and further reactions. However, no experimental studies have succeeded in a clear increase in fluid flow during the reactions, and the mechanisms that control acceleration or deceleration remain largely unknown. We present here clear experimental evidence that hydration reactions can fracture rocks and accelerate fluid flow, under confining pressure (i.e., at simulated depth). We conclude that a high reaction rate, relative to the fluid flow rate, is essential for fracturing and accelerated fluid flow during these reactions in the Earth.
Convergence in the Malabar
Authors: Cardoso Hugo C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Indo-Portuguese creole languages that formed along the former Malabar Coast of southwestern India, currently
seriously endangered, are arguably the oldest of all Asian-Portuguese creoles. Recent documentation efforts in Cannanore and the
Cochin area have revealed a language that is strikingly similar to its substrate/adstrate Malayalam in several fundamental domains
of grammar, often contradicting previous records from the late 19th-century and the input of its main lexifier, Portuguese. In
this article, this is shown by comparing Malabar Indo-Portuguese with both Malayalam and Portuguese with respect to features in
the domains of word order (head-final syntax and harmonic syntactic patterns) and case-marking (the distribution of the oblique
case). Based on older records and certain synchronic linguistic features of the Malabar Creoles, this article proposes that the
observed isomorphism between modern Malabar Indo-Portuguese and Malayalam has to be explained as the product of either a gradual
process of convergence, or the resolution of historical competition between Dravidian-like and Portuguese-like features.
Self-interactions can stabilize excited boson stars
Authors: Sanchis-Gual Nicolas , Herdeiro Carlos , Radu Eugen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the time evolution of spherical, excited (i.e. nodeful) boson star (BS) models. We consider a model including quartic self-interactions, controlled by a coupling Λ. Performing non-linear simulations of the Einstein-(complex)–Klein–Gordon system, using as initial data equilibrium BSs solutions of that system, we assess the impact of Λ in the stability properties of the BSs. In the absence of self-interactions (Λ = 0), we observe the known behaviour that the excited stars in the (candidate) stable branch decay to a non-excited star without a node; however, we show that for large enough values of the self-interactions coupling, these excited stars do not decay (up to timescales of about t ∼ 104). The stabilization of the excited states for large enough self-interactions is further supported by evidence that the nodeful states dynamically form through the gravitational cooling mechanism, starting from dilute initial data. Our results support the healing power (against dynamical instabilities) of self-interactions, recently unveiled in the context of the non-axisymmetric instabilities of spinning BSs.
Acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces composed of meta-atoms and meta-molecules
Authors: Ding Changlin , Dong Yibao , Wang Yuanbo , Shi Jianbing , Zhai Shilong , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) and acoustic metasurfaces (AMSs) are artificially structured materials with unique properties not found in natural materials. We review herein the properties of AMMs and AMSs that have been designed using different kinds of meta-atoms or meta-molecules with local resonance. AMMs composed of meta-atoms display a transmission dip with a negative modulus or a negative mass density. AMMs composed of two kinds of meta-atoms present a transparent transmission, indicating that they simultaneously have a negative modulus and a negative mass density. Furthermore, meta-molecule AMMs also exhibit double-negative properties. Moreover, acoustic meta-atoms or meta-molecules can be used to fabricate acoustic topological metamaterials with topologically protected edge state propagation. These meta-atoms and meta-molecules can also attain phase discontinuity near the resonant frequency, and thus they can be used to design AMSs with anomalous manipulation for acoustic waves. The tunability of meta-molecules provides a feasible path to achieve broadband AMS.
Green synthesis of novel in situ micro/submicron-Cu paste for semiconductor interconnection
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Qiang , Liu Yu , Tong Jin , Huang Zhongwei , Wu Song , Liang Peilin , Yang Guannan , Cui Chengqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A green method for the synthesis of in situ Cu paste is developed. Cu particles are prepared through chemical reduction by selecting a special copper source, reducing agent, and solvent. Then the reaction solution is directly concentrated to obtain an in situ Cu paste. The synthesis of Cu particles and the preparation of Cu paste are conducted simultaneously, and the process of separation, purification, drying, storage, and re-dispersion of powder are reduced. Particles are not directly exposed to air, thus the oxidation of micro/submicron -Cu is effectively prevented, and the agglomeration of particles caused by drying and dispersion operations is simultaneously reduced. Furthermore, the proposed method has a certain universality, and different types of Cu sources can be used to prepare in situ paste with different sizes and morphologies. The entire preparation process is simple, efficient, green, and the yield can reach 99.99%, which breaks through the bottleneck of the application of traditional micro/submicron-Cu materials. Copper acetate-based in situ paste is sintered for 30 min at 260 °C and 2 MPa in a reducing atmosphere. The shear strength, resistivity, and thermal conductivity reach 55.26 MPa, 4.01 × 10–8 Ω·m, and 92.75 W/(m·K), respectively, which could meet the interconnection application of power semiconductor devices.
Dispersion-assisted tunable fluorescence from carbon dots
Authors: He Qian , Ren Junkai , Liu Yaodong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by hydrothermal method with amino-rich surface exhibit tunable fluorescence across entire visible range by simply controlling the concentration. A comprehensive comparison has been performed for the first time between concentration-induced aggregation of the single-type CDs and electrostatic-induced agglomeration of opposite-charged CDs in terms of their fluorescence properties. Experimental results show that both the aggregation of CDs and internal absorption filtration are possible causes of the concentration-dependent fluorescence emission. Subsequently, the inter distance of adjacent CDs in their aggregates was enlarged by forming rigid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) between adjacent CDs through base pairing. It is clear that the contact of CDs induces the changes of fluorescence emission and light absorption. Through a better understanding of the mechanisms behind concentration-induced multicolor emission, this work can provide a novel strategy to develop the advanced applications of CDs.
A review of the advances in composites/nanocomposites for triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Renyun , Örtegren Jonas , Hummelgård Magnus , Olsen Martin , Andersson Henrik , Olin Håkan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Material development is essential when studying triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This importance is because the performance of TENGs is highly dependent on the properties of the utilized triboelectric materials. To obtain more specific properties, composites have been developed that combine the features of their components. According to Google Scholar, 55% of published papers related to triboelectric nanogenerators have utilized or mentioned composites. This number is 34.5% if one searches with the keyword nanocomposites instead of composites. The importance of composites is because they can exhibit new dielectric properties, better mechanical strength, enhanced charge affinities, etc. Therefore, the development of new composites has great importance in TENG studies. In this paper, we review the production of nanocomposites, the types of nanocomposites, and their application in TENG studies. This review gives an overview of how nanocomposites boost the performance of TENGs and provides guidance for future studies.
High-efficiency 2D nanosheet exfoliation by a solid suspension-improving method
Authors: Zheng Xuewen , Cong Haifeng , Yang Ting , Ji Kemeng , Wang Chengyang , Chen Mingming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with mono or few layers have wide application prospects, including electronic, optoelectronic, and interface functional coatings in addition to energy conversion and storage applications. However, the exfoliation of such materials is still challenging due to their low yield, high cost, and poor ecological safety in preparation. Herein, a safe and efficient solid suspension-improving method was proposed to exfoliate hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (hBNNSs) in a large yield. The method entails adding a permeation barrier layer in the solvothermal kettle, thus prolonging the contact time between the solvent and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheet and improving the stripping efficiency without the need for mechanical agitation. In addition, the proposed method selectively utilizes a matching solvent that can reduce the stripping energy of the material and employs a high-temperature steam shearing process. Compared with other methods, the exfoliating yield of hBNNSs is up to 42.3% at 150 °C for 12 h, and the strategy is applicable to other 2D materials. In application, the ionic conductivity of a PEO/hBNNSs composite electrolytes reached 2.18 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C. Overall, a versatile and effective method for stripping 2D materials in addition to a new safe energy management strategy were provided.
Healing plasma current ramp-up by nitrogen seeding in the full tungsten environment of WEST
Authors: Maget P , Manas P , Artaud J-F , Bourdelle C , Bucalossi J , Bufferand H , Ciraolo G , Desgranges C , Devynck P , Dumont R , Fedorczak N , Felici F , Goniche M , Guillemaut C , Guirlet R , Gunn J P , Loarer T , Morales J , Sauter O , Van Mulders S , Vézinet D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Achieving a successful plasma current ramp-up in a full tungsten tokamak can be challenging due to the large core radiation (and resulting low core temperature) that can be faced with this heavy metallic impurity if its relative concentration is too high. Nitrogen injection during the plasma current ramp-up of WEST discharges greatly improves the core temperature and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. Experimental measurements and integrated simulations with the RAPTOR code, complemented with the QuaLiKiz neural network for computing turbulent transport, allow a detailed understanding of the mechanisms at play. Increased edge radiation during this transient phase is shown to improve confinement properties, driving higher core temperature and better MHD stability. This also leads to increased operation margins with respect to tungsten contamination.
Modelling of dust generation, transport and remobilization in full-metal fusion reactors
Authors: Ratynskaia S , Vignitchouk L , Tolias P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The design, licensing and operation of magnetic confinement fusion reactors impose various limitations on the amount of metallic dust particles residing inside the plasma chamber. In this context, predictive studies of dust production and migration constitute one of the main sources of relevant data. These are mainly conducted using dust transport codes, which rely on coupled dust-plasma and dust-wall interaction models, and require external input on the dust and droplet initial conditions. Some particularities of dust modelling in reactor-relevant conditions are analyzed with an emphasis on dust generation mechanisms relevant for disruption scenarios and on dust remobilization mechanisms relevant for ramp-up scenarios. Emerging topics such as dust production by runaway electron impact and pre-plasma remobilization of magnetic dust are also discussed.
Dynamics of bipolar HiPIMS discharges by plasma potential probe measurements
Authors: Zanáška Michal , Lundin Daniel , Brenning Nils , Du Hao , Dvořák Pavel , Vašina Petr , Helmersson Ulf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The plasma potential at a typical substrate position is studied during the positive pulse of a bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (bipolar HiPIMS) discharge with a Cu target. The goal of the study is to identify suitable conditions for achieving ion acceleration independent on substrate grounding. We find that the time-evolution of the plasma potential during the positive pulse can be separated into several distinct phases, which are highly dependent on the discharge conditions. This includes exploring the influence of the working gas pressure (0.3–2 Pa), HiPIMS peak current (10–70 A corresponding to 0.5–3.5 A cm−2), HiPIMS pulse length (5–60 μs) and the amplitude of the positive voltage U
+ applied during the positive pulse (0–150 V). At low enough pressure, high enough HiPIMS peak current and long enough HiPIMS pulse length, the plasma potential at a typical substrate position is seen to be close to 0 V for a certain time interval (denoted phase B) during the positive pulse. At the same time, spatial mapping of the plasma potential inside the magnetic trap region revealed an elevated value of the plasma potential during phase B. These two plasma potential characteristics are identified as suitable for achieving ion acceleration in the target region. Moreover, by investigating the target current and ion saturation current at the chamber walls, we describe a simple theory linking the value of the plasma potential profile to the ratio of the available target electron current and ion saturation current at the wall.
Memristive devices based on single ZnO nanowires—from material synthesis to neuromorphic functionalities
Authors: Milano G , Boarino L , Valov I , Ricciardi C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Memristive and resistive switching devices are considered promising building blocks for the realization of artificial neural networks and neuromorphic systems. Besides conventional top-down memristive devices based on thin films, resistive switching devices based on nanowires (NWs) have attracted great attention, not only for the possibility of going beyond current scaling limitations of the top-down approach, but also as model systems for the localization and investigation of the physical mechanism of switching. This work reports on the fabrication of memristive devices based on ZnO NWs, from NW synthesis to single NW-based memristive cell fabrication and characterization. The bottom-up synthesis of ZnO NWs was performed by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition according to a self-seeding vapor-solid (VS) mechanism on a Pt substrate over large scale (∼cm2), without the requirement of previous seed deposition. The grown ZnO NWs are single crystalline with wurtzite crystal structure and are vertically aligned respect to the growth substrate. Single NWs were then contacted by means of asymmetric contacts, with an electrochemically active and an electrochemically inert electrode, to form NW-based electrochemical metallization memory cells that show reproducible resistive switching behaviour and neuromorphic functionalities including short-term synaptic plasticity and paired pulse facilitation. Besides representing building blocks for NW-based memristive and neuromorphic systems, these single crystalline devices can be exploited as model systems to study physicochemical processing underlaying memristive functionalities thanks to the high localization of switching events on the ZnO crystalline surface.
Numerical and experimental analysis on the helicopter rotor dynamic load controlled by the actively trailing edge flap
Authors: Zhou Z X , Huang X C , Tian J J , Hua H X , Tang M , Wang C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Reducing the rotor dynamic load is an important issue to improve the performance and reliability of a helicopter. The control mechanism of the actively controlled flap (ACF) on the rotor dynamic load is numerically and experimentally investigated by a 3-blade helicopter rotor in this paper. In the aero-elastic numerical approach, the complex motion of the rotor such as the stretching, bending, torsion and pitching of the blade including the deflection of the ACF are all taken into consideration in the structural formulation. The aerodynamic solution adopted the vortex lattice method combined with the free wake model, in which the influence of ACF on the free wake and the aerodynamic load on the blade is taken into account as well. While the experimental method of measuring hub loads and acoustic was accomplished by a rotor rig in a wind tunnel. The result shows that the 3/rev ACF actuation can reduce the 3ω hub load by more than 50% at maximum, which is significantly better than the 4/rev control. While 4/rev has greater potential to reduce blade vortex interaction (BVI) loads than 3/rev with µ = 0.15. Further mechanistic analysis shows that by changing the phase difference between the dynamic load on the flap and the rest of the blade, the peak load on the whole blade can be improved, thus achieving effective control of the hub dynamic load, the flap reaches the minimum angle of attack at 90∘–100∘ azimuth under best control condition; when the BVI load is perfectly controlled, the flap reaches the minimum angle of attack at 140∘ azimuth, and by changing the circulation of the wake, the intensity of BVI in the advancing side is improved. Moreover, an interesting finding in the optimal control of noise and vibration is that an overlap point exists on the motion patterns of the flap with different frequencies.
Mechanical properties and densification mechanism of powder-in-tube Ba
x
K1−x
Fe2As2 superconductors
Authors: Han Meng , Yao Chao , Zhang Xianping , Wang Dongliang , Dong Chiheng , Liu Cong , Huang He , Yang Peng , Guo Wenwen , Tu Chang , Liu Shifa , Liu Xinyuan , Zhang Qianjun , Zhang Zhihao , Xie Jianxin , Ma Yanwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ba
x
K1−x
Fe2As2 (BaK-122) iron-based superconductors (IBSs) have been considered to be promising for high-field applications. The transport J
c performance of BaK-122 wires and tapes is continuously enhanced by introducing advanced fabricating methods. The mass density of BaK-122 superconducting core in wires and tapes is important to the transport J
c performance and related to the mechanical behavior during preparation. In this work, the mechanical property parameters including Poisson’s ratio-density, yield strength-density, and elastic modulus-density of BaK-122 IBS powder were examined via uniaxial compression experiments. The density-dependent mechanical constitutive of BaK-122 was obtained for the first time. The relationship function between density and Vickers hardness of BaK-122 was established as HV0.05 = 0.0249ρ
5.332 based on the numerical simulation of hardness testing, and a method for characterizing the BaK-122 core density was developed. It had been found the sheath materials and preparation method have great influences on the stress state of the BaK-122 core, and then affect the density. The densification mechanism and corresponding improvement method were revealed to provide guidance for preparing high-density BaK-122 wires and tapes. Finally, the generalized relationship between density and the superconducting transport J
c was established according to lots of experimental data from multiple BaK-122 samples, which has confirmed the positive correlation of ρ
core and J
c. We comparatively discussed the various cold-work and heat-treatment processes used in our team for preparing the BaK-122 wires and tapes, and the critical factors affecting the transport performance were summarized.
Strongly localized states and giant optical absorption induced by multiple flat-bands in AA-stacked multilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Chen Xiongwen , Wang Qian , Wu Ping , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose an AA-stacked multilayer graphene nanoribbon with two symmetrical armchair edges as a multiple flat-band (FB) material. Using the tight-binding Hamiltonian and Green’s function method, we find that the FBs are complete and merged into many dispersive bands. The FBs cause multiple strongly localized states (SLSs) at the sites of the odd lines in every sublayer and a giant optical absorption (GOA) at energy point 2t, where t is the electronic intralayer hopping energy between two nearest-neighbor sites. By driving an electric field perpendicular to the ribbon plane, the bandgaps of the FBs are tunable. Accordingly, the positions of the SLSs in the energy regime can be shifted. However, the position of the GOA is robust against such field, but its strength exhibits a collapse behavior with a fixed quantization step. On the contrary, by driving an electric field parallel to the ribbon plane, the completeness of FBs is destroyed. Resultantly, the SLSs and GOA are suppressed and even quenched. Therefore, such ribbons may be excellent candidates for the design of the controllable information-transmission and optical-electric nanodevices.