bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular biogeochemistry of a poor fen. I. Seasonal effects of plant functional groups on dissolved organic matter composition in porewater
Authors: Song Zhimin , Khaksari Maryam , Lilleskov Erik A. , Kane Evan S. , Doskey Paul V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change may transform peatlands from net carbon (C) sinks to C sources, which could result in a positive feedback to global warming. Warmer temperatures might lower water tables, increase the abundance of shrubs, slow Sphagnum and sedge growth and further accelerate the decomposition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with a concomitant release of C from the surface. Studies in which vascular plant functional groups (PFGs) in peatlands have been manipulated to mimic the potential effects of a warming climate on DOM are scarce. In the subject study, seasonal effects of PFGs on the molecular composition of DOM of peat porewater were investigated in manipulated plots of a poor fen in Nestoria, Michigan, USA (46.34˚N 88.16˚W). The organic molecular composition of the peat porewater exhibited strong interactions with PFG and season. Monomeric species (e.g., monosaccharides and amino acids), which are found in root exudates and are also the products of decomposition of polymeric species, were least abundant early in the growing season and increased in abundance late in the season. High levels of DOC and proteinaceous species and an unlikely abundance of total phenolic species in sedge-only plots were attributed to rapid decomposition of labile compounds in the oxygen-rich microenvironment surrounding sedge roots and preservation of more recalcitrant species. Tannin- and lignin-like compounds in the Ericaceae-only plots were attributed to inputs of the woody biomass. The refractory organic species apparently persisted due to a combination of rhizosphere anoxia and suppression of free-living saprotroph activity by the Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Through an intercomparison of DOM analysis by spectraphotometric and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometric techniques, we gained insights into the complexation of proteinaceous substances by tannin-like species in the formation of unique DOM. A synergistic effect between sedge and Ericaceae was likely responsible for rapid decomposition of DOM in plots in which PFGs were unmanipulated. Observing the effects of PFGs on seasonal variations of the molecular composition of DOM will improve predictions of the short- and long-term storage of C in peatlands in a changing climate.
Patchouli alcohol inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia to enhance neurogenesis in male mice exposed to chronic mild stress
Authors: You Zili , He Hui , Xie Xiaofang , Zhang Jinqiang , Mo Li , Kang Xixi , Xie Lei , Zhang Yue , Hu Nan , Wang Lu , Peng Cheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to major depressive disorder (MDD). Targeting microglia is a promising strategy for treating MDD. Patchouli alcohol (PA), an active component of Pogostemon cablin, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigate the microglia-mediated neurogenesis pathway in which PA ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in stress-induced animal model of depression. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) for 4 weeks, then administered PA intraperitoneally at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg once per day for 3 weeks. The antidepressant effects of PA were evaluated in the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test. Microglial phenotypes and activation of the NLRP3 inflammation were analyzed using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Effects of PA on neurogenesis were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using immunofluorescence staining. Results: Behavioral assessments showed that PA alleviated depressive-like behaviors in CMS-exposed mice. CMS induced microglial activation and pro-inflammatory profiles, which were blocked by PA treatment. PA attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to decreases in the levels of caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the hippocampus of CMS-exposed mice. In primary microglia cultures, PA inhibited LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PA rescued inflammation-inhibited neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PA inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorates microglia-mediated neurogenesis impairment, contributing to antidepressant effects. Thus, PA may be a novel treatment for inflammation-driven mental disorders.
pathologic examination of the placenta and its benefits in treatment plan or follow up of patients: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: akhavan setareh , Borna Sedigheh , Abdollahi Alireza Abdollahi , Shariat Mamak , Zamani Narges 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:
The placental examination provides important information about the effect of maternal abnormalities on the placenta or the cause of preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, or fetal neurodevelopmental damage. In this study, the frequency of placental pathologies of patients in a tertiary hospital was investigated.
Methods:
In this longitudinal and cross-sectional study, all removed placentas after any type of pregnancy termination referred to a pathological examination, within one year (2019–2020). All placentas were examined macroscopically and microscopically by two pathologists.
Results:
Unfortunately, because of the covid-19 pandemic, the number of pregnant women in our hospital declined. A total of 258 placentas were examined. The type of delivery in 193 cases (79.4%) was cesarean section and 50 cases (20.6%) had a vaginal delivery. In the pathological assessment of placentas, 238 (92.2%) cases were normal and 20 cases (7.8%) were abnormal. Infarct and chorioamnionitis were the pathologies with higher frequencies (4.3% and 2.7%, respectively). Intra-uterine fetal death (p = 0.701), preeclampsia (p = 0.51) had no significant difference was seen in normal and abnormal placentas. Maternal age (p = 0.83), gestational age based on the last menstrual period (p = 0.38), and gestational age based on the first ultrasound (p = 0.78) did not show a significant relationship with any of the pathological complications categories.
Conclusions:
Pathological examination of the placenta from all live-birth deliveries is not worthwhile, and it’s recommended to modify the guidelines as to when the placenta is submitted for pathological evaluation.
Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) protocol for systematic assessment of the crashing infant - Expert consensus statement of the international crashing infant working group
Authors: Elsayed Yasser , Wahab Muzafar Gani Abdul , Mohamed Adel , Fadel Nadya Ben , Bhombal Shazia , Yousef Nadya , Fraga María V , Afifi Jehier , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Hyderi Abbas , Katheria Anup , Kluckow Martin , De Luca Daniele , Singh Yogen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sudden expected deterioration is common in neonates. The established resuscitation guidelines provide excellent framework to stabilize these infants. However, physical examination in sick neonates is limited in identifying underlying pathology. The purpose of crashing infant protocol (CIP) is specifically to design an ultrasound guided adjunct approach for use in neonatal emergencies, and it can be applied in both term and pre-term neonates in any emergency clinical setting such as neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), post-natal ward, delivery room, emergency room or during transport.
Methods
An expert consensus was reached using a modified anonymous electronic Delphi strategy for the voting process. The statement guidelines have been prepared according to the international Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE).
Results
A total of 20 recommendations on the use of POCUS in the crashing infant were assessed. There was strong agreement from all panelists on 16 recommendations and agreement on 4 recommendations.
Conclusions
The newly proposed CIP and recommendations can be used as an adjunct to the current neonatal resuscitation guidelines. The CIP protocol is proposed based upon preidentified steps focused on gaining information regarding pathophysiology in infants with unexplained clinical deterioration or those not responding to the standard resuscitation.
Paclitaxel and cisplatin combined with concurrent involved-field irradiation in definitive chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Li Hui , Fang Ying , Gu Dayong , DU Mingyu , Zhang Zhi , Sun Lei , Zhou Guoren , Ye Jinjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This trial aims to explore the efficacy and safety of involved-field irradiation (IFI) combined with paclitaxel plus cisplatin as concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), under the premise of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods: Enrolled patients with locally advanced ESCC were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). IFI was administered adopting IMRT and the total dose was 61.2 Gy delivered in 34 fractions. On the first day of radiotherapy, the patients were treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin one cycle per month for 2 cycles followed by the same regimen in consolidation chemotherapy for two cycles. The primary endpoint of the study was 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and safety.Results: Between January 2018 and September 2020, 108 patients participated in the trial. 78.7% (85/108) of patients completed all 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 33.9 months (interquartile range, 29.2-41.1). The 2-year LRFS rate, as the primary endpoint, was 64.2%. In addition, the median PFS was 39.2 months, and 1-year and 3-year OS rates of 88.0% and 63.3%, respectively. Among the patients, out-of-field regional failure were seen in only 7 (6.5%) patients. Neutropenia grade 3 and 4 occurred in 21.3% and 37.0% of the patients, respectively.Conclusions: IFI using IMRT combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced ESCC has a high rate of local control and encouraging overall survival, but high hematologic toxicity.TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials: ChiCTR1800017039.
Capnodynamic monitoring of lung volume and blood flow in response to increased positive end-expiratory pressure in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: an observational study
Authors: Schulz Luis , Stewart Antony , O’Regan William , McCanny Peter , Austin Danielle , Hallback Magnus , Wallin Mats , Aneman Anders 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. The optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia remains debated and should ideally be guided by responses in both lung volume and perfusion. Capnodynamic monitoring allows both end-expiratory lung volume (EELVCO2) and effective pulmonary blood flow (EPBF) to be determined at the bedside with ongoing ventilation.Methods. Patients with COVID-19 related moderate to severe respiratory failure underwent capnodynamic monitoring of EELVCO2 and EPBF during a step increase in PEEP by 50% above the baseline (PEEPlow to PEEPhigh). The primary outcome was a >20 mm Hg increase in arterial oxygen tension to inspired fraction of oxygen (P/F) ratio to define responders vs. non-responders. Secondary outcomes included changes in physiological dead space and correlations with independently determined recruited lung volume and the recruitment to inflation ratio at an instantaneous, single breath decrease in PEEP. Group comparisons by an unpaired t-test for the mean difference and correlations by Pearson’s correlation coefficient are reported including the 95% confidence interval.Results. Of 27 patients studied, 15 responders increased the P/F ratio by 55 [24-86] mm Hg compared to 12 non-responders (p<0.01) as PEEPlow (11±2.7 cm H2O) was increased to PEEPhigh (18±3.0 cm H2O). The EELVCO2 was 461 [82-839] ml less in responders at PEEPlow (p=0.02) but not statistically different between groups at PEEPhigh. Responders increased both EELVCO2 and EPBF at PEEPhigh (r=0.56 [0.18 – 0.83], p=0.03). In contrast, non-responders demonstrated a negative correlation (r= -0.65 [-0.12 – -0.89], p=0.02) with increased lung volume associated with decreased pulmonary perfusion. Decreased (-0.06 [-0.02 – -0.09] %, p<0.01) dead space was observed in responders. The change in EELVCO2 correlated with both the recruited lung volume (r=0.85 [0.69-0.93], p<0.01) and the recruitment to inflation ratio (r=0.87 [0.74-0.94], p<0.01). Conclusions. In mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 respiratory failure, improved oxygenation in response to increased PEEP was associated with increased end-expiratory lung volume and pulmonary perfusion. The change in end-expiratory lung volume was positively correlated with the lung volume recruited and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio. This study demonstrates the feasibility of capnodynamic monitoring to assess physiological responses to PEEP at the bedside to facilitate an individualised setting of PEEP.Trial registration: NCT05082168 (18th October 2021)
Liver Cirrhosis: Correlation between Hepatic Fibrosis-associated Morphology and Four-Dimensional Portal Hemodynamics
Authors: Higaki Atsushi , Kanki Akihiko , Yamamoto Akira , Ueda Yu , Sanai Hiroyasu , Moriya Kazunori , Sotozono Hidemitsu , Tamada Tsutomu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims:
The mechanisms underlying the morphological changes in liver cirrhosis remain unknown. We aimed to clarify the relationship between fibrotic hepatic morphology and portal hemodynamic changes using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging for suspected liver disease. Liver fibrosis was classified into three groups (A = normal liver; B = mild-to-moderate fibrosis, and C = severe fibrosis). Quantitative indices were measured in the right and left portal vein (RPV and LPV, respectively) and compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results
Among 100 patients (69.1 ± 12.1 years; 59 men), 45, 35, and 20 were categorized into groups A, B, and C, respectively. The RPV area differed significantly among the groups (p < 0.001 to = 0.001), showing a gradual decrease with fibrosis progression. The RPV net flow also differed significantly between groups A and B and groups A and C (p < 0.001 ), showing a decrease at the early stage of fibrosis. In the LPV, the net flow differed significantly among the groups (p = 0.001–0.030), showing a gradual increase with fibrosis progression.
Conclusion
Fibrotic hepatic morphology is associated with blood flow in both the RPV and LPV.
Extensive responses of lake dynamics to climate change on northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Li Qingpeng , Liu Hairui , Xie Changwei , Wang Wu , Zhou Guanghao , Zhang Qi , Zhao Qinhao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The lakes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have undergone substantial changes. As intensive cryospheric components change, the response of the lake dynamics to climatic factors, glacier-snow melting, and permafrost thawing has been complex. Based on Landsat images, meteorological data, and glacier and permafrost data, the spatial-temporal changes in the lake area on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau between 1988 and 2019 were analyzed and the driving factors behind the lake changes were further explored. The results suggest that the regional lake area increased from 1988 to 2019 at rates of 0.01–16.03 km2/yr. It decreased during 1988–2000, quickly increased during 2000–2012, and rapidly increased during 2012–2019. The most significant lake expansion occurred in sub-region I, which is the source region of the Yangtze River Basin. There was a sharper increase during 2012–2019 than during 2000–2012 in sub-region II (the source region of the Yellow River Basin and the Qinghai Lake Basin) and sub-region III (the Qaidam Basin). The significant lake expansion occurred about 12 years earlier in sub-region I than in sub-regions II and III. This dramatic change in the lake area was closely associated with the annual precipitation, and precipitation was the primary driving factor. Although serious glacier retreat occurred, most of the lakes in the sub-regions were non-glacier-fed lakes. The correlation between glacier ablation and the change in the lake area was poor, which suggests that glacial meltwater was not the replenishment source of most of the lakes in this region. A more accelerated increase in the active layer thickness occurred (1.90 cm/yr), which was consistent with the more rapid lake expansion, and the permafrost degradation further intensified the lake expansion.
The relationships between microbiome diversity and epidemiology in domestic species of malaria-mediated mosquitoes of Korea
Authors: Lee Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyun-Woo , Mustafa Bilal , Lee Hee Il , Kwon Hyung Wook 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Microbiome in the mosquito plays an important role in their behavior and vector competence. The composition of their microbiome is strongly influenced by the environment, especially their habitat. Method: Using 16s rRNA Illumina sequencing, we here compare the microbial profiles in the adult female Anopheles sinensis from malaria hyperendemic and hypoendemic regions in the Republic of Korea. The microbiome analysis was performed using EzBioCloud and R software programs.Results: The major bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria. Most abundant microbiome of hyperendemic mosquito is from the genera Staphylococcus, Erwinia, Serratia, Pantoea. Especially, Pseudomonas synxantha group was prevalent in the hypoendemic area. The beta diversity analysis showed significant difference. The Cheorwon region (hyperendemic area 1) showed a specific microbiome profile among hyperendemic areas.Conclusion: This suggests that there may be a correlation between the microbiome profile and the incidence of malaria cases.
Seroprevalences against Paracoccidioides cetii; a causative agent for paracoccidiomycosis ceti (PCM-C) and Coccidioides posadasii; for coccidioidomycosis (CCM) in Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) and harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded at Hokkaido, Japan.
Authors: Kanegae Hikaru , Sano Ayako , Okubo-Murata Michiko , Watanabe Arata , Tashiro Rentato , Eto Takeshi , Ueda Keiichi , Hossain Md. Amzad , Itano Eiko Nakagawa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Paracoccidiodomycosis ceti (PCM-C) is a zoonotic mycosis characterized by chronic granulomatous cutaneous lesions in cetaceans. It is distributed worldwide and is caused by an unculturable fungus; Paracoccidioides cetii. On the other hand, coccidioidomycosis (CCM), caused by Coccidioides spp., is also a zoonotic and highly pathogenic fungal infection endemic in both American continents. Even though the Far East is not an endemic area of CCM, an autochthonous case has been reported in China. Although the seroprevalence against P. cetii in captive dolphins was 61.0%, there is no information on wild dolphins living in cold waters. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence against P. cetii and C. posadasii in 15 Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) and 11 harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in Hokkaido, Japan. The seroprevalence against P. cetii in the above dolphins was 26.9% (7/26), which was recorded only in Dall's porpoises (7/15), and that against C. posadasii was 15.4% (4/26) in three Dall's porpoises and one harbor porpoise. The present study demonstrated positive seroprevalence against P. cetii and C. posadasii in wild cetaceans living in the subarctic areas of the Far East as the first records, and would issue the warning that lives in the area were exposed to the causative agent of CCM from seawater.
16 Years Follow-up Evaluation of Immediate vs Delayed vs Combined Hormonal Therapy on Fertility of Patients with Cryptorchidism: Results of a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bartoletti Riccardo , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Fabris Filippo Menchini , Vico Tommaso Di , Morganti Riccardo , Mogorovich Andrea , Morelli Girolamo , Peroni Diego , Salhi Yazan Al , Zucchi Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To investigate in a longitudinal cohort study, the best treatment to preserve fertility in cryptorchid subjects. Patients treated with immediate hormonal vs delayed vs combined (hormone plus surgery) therapy consecutively enrolled during the period 1987-1997, were evaluated.METHODS: Two hundred fifty-five subjects were enrolled and 192 patients completed the follow-upt. One hundred fifty-six patients and 36 out 192 had monolateral and bilateral cryptorchidism, respectively. Twenty-nine out of 192 were previously treated by surgery alone (Group A), 93/192 by hormone therapy alone (Group B), 51/192 received sequential combined hormone therapy plus surgery (Group C) whilst 19/192 refused any type of treatment (Group D). The other 63 patients were considered lost to follow-up. All the patients underwent medical consultation, scrotal ultrasound scan, sperm analysis and Inhibin B, Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone (T) serum level determination. RESULTS: Testicular volume was found decreased in the Group D patients whilst hormone serum levels were comparable in all groups. Statistically significant differences for sperm characteristics were found in patients treated with hormonal therapy alone or combined with surgery (Groups B and C). These two groups reported better semen quality than patients who received surgery alone or no treatment. No differences were observed between monolateral and bilateral cryptorchidism patients.CONCLUSION: Early prolonged hormonal therapy is advisable in all patients with cryptorchidism independently from the surgical option of promoting testicular descent to the scrotum. Hormonal therapy provides in our study better chance to obtain adequate sperm quality in adult life.
Protein atlas of fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)/S100A4
Authors: Fendt Bettina Marturet , Hirschmann Astrid , Bruns Malgorzata , Camarillo-Retamosa Eva , Ospelt Caroline , Vogetseder Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1/S100A4) is an intracellular calcium binding protein which has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tissue fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, metastatic tumour development, increased tumour cell motility and invasiveness. This protein is reported to be uniquely expressed in newly formed and differentiated fibroblasts and has been used in various studies to demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, S100A4 immunoreactivity does not solely fit the distribution and shape of fibroblasts; therefore, we aimed to characterize S100A4 positive cells in different human tissue compartments. We found S100A4 expression in a wide range of cells, including cells of haematopoietic lineage, namely CD4 and CD8 positive T-lymphocytes, but not B-lymphocytes. All investigated monocytes, macrophages and specialised histiocytes were positive for S100A4. Only a limited number of fibroblasts and most smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts expressed S100A4. Even some epithelial cells of the kidney and bladder were positive for S100A4. Expression was also found in the vasculature. Here, cells of the subendothelial space, tunica adventitia and some smooth muscle cells of the tunica media were positive for S100A4. Expression was also detected in the stroma of the prostate, adipocytes and in skeletal muscle. In summary, S100A4 is expressed in various cell types of different lineage. It is therefore not possible to equate the expression of this protein to fibroblasts. Hence, studies that used this marker as evidence of transition from epithelia to fibroblasts must be revisited.