bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Process Approach to the Quality of Expert Legal Assistance in the face of Digitalization
Authors: Gavrilov S. N. 
Published: February 2022

Digital transformation of legal profession and advocacy involves finding, selecting, and developing approaches that ensure the translation of data about objects, connections, and processes of the real (analog) world related to the relevant subject area into a virtual (digital) format. Therefore, it is very important that the description of the properties of objects, connections and processes subject to digitalization should be machine-readable, and the «pre-digital» (analog) image of such should fit into the paradigm of information technology (Information Technology, IT) for the subsequent transformation of this image into digital form.The digital transformation of legal profession and advocacy is not an end in itself. The key issue is the quality of expert legal assistance. The issue of the quality of expert legal assistance must be addressed on a systematic basis, taking into account such quality management functions as quality planning, quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. The development of the topic of quality (proper quality) of expert legal assistance involves the formation of a certain theoretical model on an appropriate methodological basis, followed by its implementation in the regulatory (regulatory) framework of the ecosystem of advocacy and implementation in corporate practice. The author offers one of these models. The model is based on the so-called process approach. The paper describes the essence of the process approach, the process model of the quality of the expert legal assistance itself and gives a general description of its elements. The process model allows you to look at the provision of expert legal assistance through the prism of the process approach used in IT: it makes it possible to plan the provision, provide and analyze the results of the rendered expert legal assistance in the paradigm of this approach. The author notes the high analytical potential of the process model of the quality of qualified legal aid and its practical usefulness.
Loss-Based Performance Assessment and Seismic Network Optimization for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Böse Maren , Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Danciu Laurentiu , Clinton John Francis , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The goal of earthquake early warning (EEW) is to issue an alert before the damaging seismic waves of an earthquake hit a given exposure. We develop a framework to evaluate the EEW performance in a loss-based context. We use warning time as a key performance indicator and determine statistics of warning time by loss severity to assess the rate and consistency with which an EEW system can deliver timely alerts. In the second part of this work, we develop a Genetic Algorithm approach to optimize an existing sensor network by proposing sites for new stations to enhance the EEW performance in damaging earthquakes. We demonstrate this framework for Switzerland using 2000 realizations of a 50-yr-long stochastic earthquake catalog, which samples the earthquake rate forecast of the Swiss Hazard Model in space and time. For each of the almost 24k earthquake scenario ruptures (5.0 ≤ M ≤ 7.4), we predict shaking intensities and losses (here, fatalities and injuries) at the largest Swiss cities. We find that the current Swiss Seismic Network could provide positive warning times to the affected sites for about 80% of very damaging earthquakes (≥100 fatalities) and for around 85% of earthquakes with ≥10 fatalities. Warning times of &gt;5 s could be achieved for about 40%–55% of very damaging earthquakes and &gt;10 s for about 35%. For around 50% of events with ≥1 fatality (≥10 injuries), EEW could provide &gt;15 s of warning. The greatest benefit of EEW is expected in Zürich, where the population density and, consequently, absolute long-term expected losses are highest and the warning times for damaging earthquakes are often long (&gt;15 s). Densifying the Swiss Seismic Network with additional stations can increase warning times in selected scenarios by up to 5 s. However, because it is already very dense (7 ± 5 km interstation distance), decreasing data latencies (currently ∼2 s) may be more important.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease mimicking renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Nallabothula Anil Kumar , Chilekampalli Konda Reddy , Nalumaru Anirudh Suseel , M Harshavardhan Varma , Bhargava Anupam , Jayanth Ashish Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) is an uncommon histiocytic disorder of unknown aetiology. Extranodal involvement occurs in a significant proportion of patients but involvement of the kidney is rare. Here we present a case report of extranodal RDD of the kidney. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing solid mass lesion in left renal hilum infiltrating renal medulla and deeper layers of renal cortex. With the clinical diagnosis of suspected left renal cell cancer, laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy was performed. Macroscopic examination showed specimen covered with Gerota’s fascia and perinephric pad of fat. Renal capsule could be easily split off. On cut section, ill circumscribed solid lesion having variegated appearance with areas of necrosis and haemorrhage, involving middle and lower pole, was noted. Renal sinus appeared to be involved. Microscopic examination showed sheets of histiocytes with abundant eosinophilic to vacuolated cytoplasm. There was emperipolesis of intact lymphocytes. Also, seen were sheets of plasma cells, lymphocytes with intervening dense hyalinised stroma. Retro peritoneal lymph nodes and para-aortic lymph nodes also showed similar histological picture. Immunohistochemistry showed that the histiocytes were positive for S100 and CD68. IgG4-positive plasma cells were not seen. These findings showed that the lesion represented and extranodal RDD of the kidney. Although rare, extranodal RDD should also be included in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass and frozen section be advised whenever feasible.
Prevalence of E. coli as a causative agent of urinary tract infections and its drug susceptibility patterns among pregnant mothers seeking medicare at Kisii teaching and referral hospital, Kenya
Authors: Simba Sosmus M. , Omwenga Eric O. , Musyoki Stanslaus K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: E-coli, a gram-negative entero-bacteria has been associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and antimicrobial resistances in human and animals. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence of E. coli among other bacteria causing UTIs in pregnant women seeking Medicare at Kisii teaching and referral hospital (KTRH), Kenya and to establish the drug susceptibility patterns of the isolated E. coli. Setting-The project was done at Kisii teaching and referral hospital, Kenya.Methods: This hospital based experimental and cross-sectional study conducted in 3 months between March and June 2020 involved 119 pregnant women whose urine samples were cultured on Cysteine Leucine Electrolyte deficiency media (CLED) at 370C overnight and sub-cultured on Mueller Hinton media. Bacterial identification was done by Gram stain and biochemical characterization using indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskaur and citrate tests while susceptibility tests were conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique.Results: Out of the 119 urine samples, E. coli 28 (23.5%) was the second most prevalent after S. aureus 40 (33.6%). Others included S. epidermidis 27 (22.7%), and Proteus spp. 9 (7.6%). All E. coli isolates, 28 (100%) demonstrated resistance to sulfamethoxazole followed by amoxyclave 24 (85.75%), and ceftriaxone 20 (71.42%). They were least resistant to gentamycin 4 (14. 28%) and ofloxacin 6 (21.42%).Conclusions: E. coli which largely exists as a commensal can cause UTIs and could be possessing antimicrobial resistant genes responsible for treatment failure. This demands for new effective therapeutic alternatives and more research on bacterial drug resistant.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among students appearing for NEET examination in a rural and urban area of Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional analytical study
Authors: Marimuthu Janakiram , P. Lavanya , Grace D. Lavanya 
Published: February 2022

Background: Mental health problems can reduce the quality of student’s life by affecting their academic achievement and physical health. Higher education being a prerequisite for a successful future, the NEET exams have been the source of stress and anxiety for several students. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among students facing NEET exams and their associated factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study design. The sample size is 150 (75 each in rural and urban area). Results are presented as proportion and Chi-square test was done to assess the association of the factors to adherence.Results: Among the 150 students, the prevalence of anxiety among urban students was 40% whereas the prevalence of anxiety among rural students was 60% and the prevalence of depression among urban students was 45.3% whereas the prevalence of depression among rural students was 56%. There was statistical association between gender, school issues, family issues, socio-economic status, and anxiety and depression.Conclusions: More than one-third of the students had anxiety and more than half of the participants had depression. The mental health status of the students should be taken into consideration by the teachers, students, and the government while the students appear for the NEET examination.
Evaluation of functional outcome of patients with fracture neck of femur treated with Austin Moore prosthesis at government medical college, Thrissur-a prospective study during October 2019 to October 2020
Authors: Kavungal Jyothish , Suresh Nihal 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Femoral neck fractures commonly affects the elderly population. 90% of femoral neck fractures in the elderly result from simple fall. Elderly age group suffers from innumerable illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, all of which can aggravate following a femoral neck fracture because patient can become completely bedridden. The aim of treating these patients is to make them mobilize as early as possible to achieve his or her pre-fracture functional status. The incidence of femoral neck fractures is increasing dramatically as the mean age of the population increases. Prosthetic replacement allows immediate weight bearing to elderly patients and thus helps to avoid complications of recumbency and inactivity. To study the functional outcome in patients with femoral neck fractures treated with Hemiarthroplasty using Austin Moore prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Prospective study was done among 42 consented patients who sustained neck of femur fractures and were admitted in department of orthopaedics, government medical college, Thrissur, between 01/10/19 to 01/10/20, who were aged above 60 years and presenting within 3 weeks of injury. Patients were followed up at an interval of 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months functional outcome was analysed by modified Harris hip scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 42 subjects, 52.4 % were females and the rest were males. Mean age of the study population was 71.57±7.047 years. Harris hip score at end of 6 months ranged from 35 to 94. 33.3% of hemiarthroplasties had hip score of 91-100 (excellent), 38.1% of the hemiarthroplasties had scores of 81-90 (good), 19% had satisfactory/fair results whereas only 9.5% of hemiarthroplasties fell in poor category with scores below 70.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hemiarthroplasty with Austin Moore prosthesis is still a good option in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.</p>
Placenta percreta with omental deciduosis- A rare case report
Authors: Agrawal Tanu , Bhamra Swarneet , Singh Ankita , Sinha Namrata 
Published: February 2022

Placenta percreta is the most invasive form of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in which there is full thickness invasion of uterine wall by villous tissue through the serosa. Omental deciduosis is a benign transient condition uncommonly encountered during pregnancy. It can mimic granulomatous pathology and various metastatic carcinomas both grossly and microscopically. We report a case of 28 year Rh negative, female, primigravida who presented with amenorrhea since 7.5 months and absent fetal movements since 1 day. Ultrasonography depicted fetus with 33 weeks POG with intrauterine fetal death with breech presentation and severe oligohydramnios. Patient underwent laparotomy and subtotal hysterectomy along with extraction of fetus and omentectomy. Histopathology findings revealed placenta percreta and omental deciduosis.This case is reported as the concomitant existence of both placenta percreta and omental deciduosis in a single primigravida patient is an extremely rare occurrence.
Nursing Faculty Experiences Transitioning to a Virtual DNP Residency During COVID-19
Authors: Hopkins Emily E. , Spadaro Kathleen C. , Hoh Nicole Z. , Singh Ashley , Doas Michelle 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic created many academic challenges. Shelter in place orders forced educational institutions to move on-ground learning to an online format. This necessitated transitioning traditional in-person events such as nursing residency to a virtual occurrence. Currently, there is a paucity of research to assist with transition to the virtual environment.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore faculty experiences transitioning to a virtual Doctor of Nursing Practice residency.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used to explore faculty experiences with virtual residency. The sample included 11 nursing faculty. Data collection consisted of answering demographic and open-ended questions through an anonymous survey.ResultsContent analysis revealed two themes: (1) Essence of Residency was Missing and (2) Virtual Residency was an Acceptable Alternative.ConclusionBased on these themes, recommendations for virtual residency improvement were identified that would be beneficial to both faculty and students, providing a better environment and enhanced virtual experience.Implications for NursingResults from this research begin building a foundation of knowledge for best practices when creating an academic nursing virtual event. Recommendations focus on ways to form a better virtual community, promote a relaxed scholarly environment, and uphold academic standards.
Muscle Tendon Transfers Around the Shoulder
Authors: Li Xinning , Galvin Joseph W. , Zalneraitis B. Holt , Gasbarro Gregory , Parada Stephen A. , Eichinger Josef K. , Boileau Pascal , Warner Jon J.P. , Elhassan Bassem T. 
Published: February 2022

➤ Muscle tendon transfers (MTTs) are effective surgical procedures for reducing pain and for improving active shoulder range of motion and patient-reported outcomes for a wide range of pathologies, including serratus anterior and trapezius muscle palsy, irreparable subscapularis tears, irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, irreparable posterior rotator cuff tears in the setting of reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and symptomatic complete deltoid deficiency.➤ The principles of MTT include ensuring that the transferred muscle is expendable, the muscle tendon unit has similar excursion, the line of pull of the transferred tendon and of the recipient muscle are similar in terms of biomechanical force, and the transferred muscle should replace at least 1 grade of strength of the deficient recipient muscle.➤ When MTT procedures are considered, patients must have exhausted all nonoperative management, have preserved passive range of motion, and have an understanding of the postoperative expectations and potential complications.➤ For patients with scapulothoracic abnormal motion (STAM) due to long thoracic nerve palsy, the indirect or direct pectoralis major tendon transfer is an effective procedure for reducing pain and improving active forward elevation. For patients with STAM due to spinal accessory nerve palsy, the Eden-Lange or the triple tendon transfer procedures reduce pain and improve active forward elevation and abduction as well as patient-reported clinical outcomes.➤ Both pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi transfer procedures for isolated irreparable subscapularis deficiency without anterosuperior humeral head escape result in improvement with respect to pain, patient-reported outcomes, and forward elevation, with the pectoralis major tendon transfer demonstrating durable long-term outcomes.➤ The latissimus dorsi or lower trapezius tendon transfer procedures for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears reliably improve patient-reported outcomes, forward elevation, abduction, and external rotation range of motion. Additionally, latissimus dorsi transfer with or without teres major transfer can be used to restore active external rotation, both in the native shoulder and in the setting of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.➤ The complications of MTTs include infection, hematoma, and failure of tendon transfer healing; therefore, it is recommended that these complex procedures be performed by shoulder surgeons with appropriate training.
The Sound of One Fracture Flowing
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: February 2022

In November 2020, Gustavo Ugueto had an extraordinary in-well experience. The source of his amazement was a stream of ﬁber-optic data measuring how fractures were altered by slight pressure changes during production.
When the principal petrophysicist for unconventional technology at Shell described the Permian well test, he sounded like someone who had used a stethoscope for the ﬁrst time.
“The straining is extended and compressed at all times like breathing,” Ugueto said during a presentation at the 2021 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) about the test done at the Fracturing Test Site 2 in late 2020 (URTeC 5408).
He said it was an “aha moment,” as was getting a good signal considering the inﬁnitesimal diﬀerences in the fracture dimensions in a well where the daily pressure drop was less than 40 psi.
And he was excited to think about what this test could reveal someday about how fractures change during production.
If it lives up to that potential, “we will have the ability to measure. We can experiment. What type of treatment? What type of proppant? We can do more of the good one and less of the bad one. The problem [now] is we have been working blind,” he said.
While he was clearly excited about the potential, he also repeatedly cautioned that there is so much more work required to learn what is possible. At this point, the few people with access to this data are like new medical students using a stethoscope, wondering how those sounds related to the patient’s health. “We are at the beginning of journey; it may fail,” Ugueto said.

The New Strain
The data from the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 are only available now to those who backed the project, but three papers cover the work (see For Further Reading), sparking others to try this new way to measure fractures.
“Because of the publications by Gustavo and his coauthors, we are seeing a lot of uptake based on what was learned,” said Dana Jurick, Neubrex Energy Services US—the company that supplied the equipment used to measure the strain data. The company has since been hired for similar work by other oil companies curious about what they can learn from this new diagnostic.
The coauthors include Ge Jin, an associate professor at the Colorado School of Mines, who was a geophysics consultant at the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2, and Kan Wu, an associate professor at Texas A&M, who is collaborating with Jin. Her group at Texas A&M is working on modeling aimed at turning this qualitative data source into a quantitative measurement.
Ugueto said other operators trying it, including Chevron and ConocoPhillips who were among the test site partners, plus other ﬁber-optic companies, are getting into a ﬁeld that is so new there is no settled name for it.
Two commonly used labels for it reﬂect varying levels of optimism about its future. One is based on the data gathered: near-wellbore strain analysis. The other is based on a vision where it is possible to measure how fractures react to change: near-wellbore fracture dynamics.
Experimental Analysis of Flow Characteristics and Annular Flow Boundaries of the Highly Viscous Oil/Water Lubricated Flow
Authors: Yin Ran , Jing Jiaqiang , Yuan Ying , Guo Yuying , Luo Jiaqi 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Theoretical research on the characteristics of two-phase flow in horizontal pipelines is very important in the petroleum industry because a large amount of pumping power can be derived from the water-lubricated transportation of heavy or extraheavy crude oil. Experimental research of oil/water two-phase flow with water as the continuous phase in horizontal pipelines is carried out using tap water and two mineral oils with viscosity of approximately 0.743, 412, and 686 mPa·s, respectively. Two oil/water mixing devices of a water-ring generator and T-shaped three-way pipe are adopted to compare the effect of oil/water annular flow. Pressure drop parameters, apparent viscosity, clear pictures, flow pattern maps, and resistance characteristics of oil/water two-phase flow are displayed in this article, together with comprehensive comments. Moreover, obtained results are compared with theoretical findings, experimental results, and empirical laws of different scholars in the literature. According to the ratio of fluid kinetic energy (inertial force) to potential energy (buoyancy), Froude number (Fr) is introduced to reach the state of hydrodynamic lift balance. Based only on experimental observations of the position of the layered/annular transition, a novel criterion is proposed to determine the regions with suitable operating conditions for application.
Performance Evaluation of Demulsifier Using the Optimum Formulation HLD Concept: A Practical Case Using Heavy Crude Oil Diluted in Naphtha or in Synthetic Aromatic Oil
Authors: Meza L. , Alvarado J. G. , Márquez R. , Forgiarini A. 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Asphaltene-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions can cause severe problems during oil production and transportation. These emulsions are broken by adding a demulsifying agent at a suitable concentration (CD*) to obtain the optimal formulation, with minimal emulsion stability (stability*). Herein, we studied, from a phenomenological point of view, the performance of two demulsifiers on W/O emulsion breaking with high asphaltene content. A very simple polyethoxylated nonylphenol demulsifier (6EO) and a complex commercial demulsifier (COD) were studied. The influence of the chemical nature of the oil phase on the performance of the demulsifiers was evaluated. The emulsion stability* and CD* values of W/O systems of heavy crude oil diluted in cyclohexane (Systems A and B) were compared to W/O emulsions composed by a heavy crude oil diluted in heavy naphtha or in an aromatic synthetic crude oil as the oil phase (Systems C and D). The results show that demulsifier performance improves significantly when the crude oil is diluted in heavy naphtha and in aromatic synthetic crude oil, obtaining unstable W/O emulsions (rupture time of 10−2–10−1 minutes). In the latter cases, the CD* value is significantly lower and with a wide area of low emulsion stability compared to systems formulated with crude oil diluted in cyclohexane. The mechanisms that generate this type of behavior are discussed and strategies to increase performance and robustness analyzed.