bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
649 Compliance of Carotid Endarterectomy Pathway at a Vascular Unit - a Regional Audit
Authors: Hakeem A , Najem M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
To identify reasons for delays in a pathway for patients presenting with Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and requiring Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA).

Method
Bedford hospital is a vascular unit covering 3 hospitals (Bedford, Milton Keynes and Luton Hospital) requiring a complex referral system. Patients who develop TIA secondary to carotid disease are referred to the vascular team. This audit includes patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy from Dec 2020 to Jun 2021. Data was initially collected and analysed as a single vascular unit. The analysis included all steps of referrals and investigations, a subset of data was analysed to identify delays related to each hospital.

Results
A total of 73 patients were included in the analysis, overall delays (&gt;14 Days) from the onset of symptoms to surgery was 57.5%, the delays were 19 (55%) at LDH, 14 (50%) BHT, 9 (90%) at MKUH. 41 (56%) were delayed referrals to the vascular team. 36 (49%) delays were related to factors after the referral was made. 8 (10%) patients had secondary events awaiting CEA.

Conclusions
The audit demonstrated that there were significant delays in the carotid endarterectomy referral pathway, there were patients who had delays at multiple levels, delays can be due to the complex referral system between 3 different hospitals. 10% of the patients had developed secondary events while awaiting treatment.
987 Protocol Driven Reduction of Haematoma Following Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) – a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Marzouqa N , Jacob L , Busuttil A , Baker D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed nations and the leading cause of long-term disability. Carotid artery stenosis accounts for 20 to 30% of ischaemic strokes. Carotid Endarterectomy, has proven highly effective in preventing the development of strokes, TIAs and reducing death among patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 50–99%. The most common complication of CEA is wound haematomas. This study evaluates a protocol driven haemostasis pathway aimed to address the findings of a recent QI project that identified a significantly high neck haematoma rate as well as a high return to theatre rate for the complication.

Method
A prospective cohort outcome study between June 2019 and June 2020 was conducted, with the introduction of this stepwise pathway introduced as a quality improvement measure.
This was implemented at the end of successful patch closure, for each CEA.

Results
Post-CEA haematoma rates decreased from 7% to 3.6%. Return to theatre rates reduced from 6% to 0.9% with no increase in peri-operative stroke rates.

Conclusion
Our protocol appears to reduce post-CEA haematoma rates. Return to theatre rates had also dropped without an increase in peri-operative stroke rates despite using protamine and tranexemic acid when needed.
Identification and prioritization of tumour-associated antigens for immunotherapeutic and diagnostic capacity in epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wiseman Lucy , Cinti Noemi , Guinn Barbara-ann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a prevalent carcinoma in the female population associated with poor prognostic outcomes, in part due to the late stage of the disease at diagnosis. Aiming to identify tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) with the potential to facilitate earlier detection and targeted therapy of EOC, five scientific literature repositories were systemically searched for primary literature sources reporting the expression of a TAA in the tissue or serum of adult females diagnosed with EOC and healthy women. We identified 7120 articles of which 32 met our inclusion criteria and passed the bias-quality assessment. Subsequently, data were collated on 29 TAAs whose expression had been analysed in 2181 patients and 589 healthy individuals. Reports of CA125 and EpCAM expression were numerous while tissue expression data were available for 28 TAAs. Data were segregated into three meta-cohorts for statistical scrutiny and their capacity for diagnostic and treatment targeting was assessed. We showed that CA-125 was expressed homogenously in EOC patients while EpCAM was expressed heterogeneously. CA-125 was the most promising TAA target for both diagnosis and treatment, gaining a priority score of 12 (/12) while EpCAM gained a priority score of seven. Tissue expression of EOC TAAs was homogenous; 90% of the EOC population express any identified TAA while just 20% of healthy individuals will be positive for the same TAA. We suggest TAA profiling should be a fundamental aspect of EOC diagnosis, sitting alongside the FIGO framework, promoting reduced mortality and directing the development of TAA-targeted therapeutics.
Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic power generation based on improved fuzzy control and conductance increment method
Authors: Wei Liming , Yu Bo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The National Development and Reform Commission of China announced in 2022 that it would promote the development of carbon peaking and carbon-neutrality. Therefore, gradual improvement in photovoltaic (PV) development technology would gradually show its advantages. Additionally, the development of the PV power generation industry is promoted significantly by the year-on-year increase in PV power generation. This study combines the traditional fuzzy control and incremental conductance methods by comparing the current maximum power point (MPP) intelligence with the traditional control algorithm. Furthermore, it proposes an optimization algorithm to improve the tracking speed of the MPP by using the partition variable step size. An incomplete partial differential equation is added to the judgment condition of the small step size to solve the problem of oscillation near the MPP caused by the ideal differential equation. A simulation model is established in MATLAB®/Simulink® and the method is simulated under specific conditions. The time to reach the first maximum output point is shortened by 0.21 and 0.14 s by analysing the oscillation process data of three simulation cycles of the incremental conductance, fuzzy control and fuzzy conductance methods, respectively. Additionally, the vibration loss caused by environmental mutation is reduced by 6.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The improved incremental conductance method utilizes the simulation results to optimize the problem of steady-state oscillation and improve the efficiency of the PV power generation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the improved incremental conductance method are verified by comparing the traditional control algorithm with the improved incremental conductance method.
BFS-based distributed algorithm for parallel local-directed subgraph enumeration
Authors: Levinas Itay , Scherz Roy , Louzoun Yoram 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Estimating the frequency of subgraphs is of importance for many tasks, including subgraph isomorphism, kernel-based anomaly detection and network structure analysis. While multiple algorithms were proposed for full enumeration or sampling-based estimates, these methods fail in very large graphs. Recent advances in parallelization allow for estimates of total subgraph counts in very large graphs. The task of counting the frequency of each subgraph associated with each vertex also received excellent solutions for undirected graphs. However, there is currently no good solution for very large directed graphs.
We here propose VDMC (Vertex specific Distributed Motif Counting)—a fully distributed algorithm to optimally count all the three and four vertices connected directed graphs (network motifs) associated with each vertex of a graph. VDMC counts each motif only once and its efficiency is linear in the number of counted motifs. It is fully parallelized to be efficient in GPU-based computation. VDMC is based on three main elements: (1) Ordering the vertices and only counting motifs containing increasing order vertices; (2) sub-ordering motifs based on the average depth of the tree spanning them via a BFS traversal; and (3) removing isomorphisms only once for the entire graph. We here compare VDMC to analytical estimates of the expected number of motifs in Erdős–Rényi graphs and show its accuracy. VDMC is available as a highly efficient CPU and GPU code with a novel data structure for efficient graph manipulation. We show the efficacy of VDMC on real-world graphs. VDMC allows for the precise analysis of subgraph frequency around each vertex in large graphs and opens the way for the extension of methods until now limited to graphs of thousands of edges to graphs with millions of edges and above.
GIT: https://github.com/louzounlab/graph-measures/
PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/graph-measures/
University-Assisted Community Schools as Partners in Neighborhood Revitalization Efforts
Authors: Britt Noelle , Bates Samantha , Anderson-Butcher Dawn , Edwards Ryan , Noteman Nicole , Brady Christopher , DuMond Lee , Childs Tasha M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Urban policymakers, city officials, and community residents utilize neighborhood revitalization initiatives to establish safe and empowered neighborhoods. In 2016, leaders in Columbus, Ohio, launched a neighborhood revitalization effort designed to improve safety, access to opportunities, and economic development in the historically underserved Linden neighborhood. A priority focus involved strengthening Linden schools through the development of two university-assisted community schools (UACS). Using the community collaboration model as a guide, leaders from the schools, university, nonprofit, and local government sectors partnered to support school improvement processes in two Linden K–6 elementary schools. Annual stakeholder surveys have demonstrated marked improvements in perceptions of neighborhood safety, school climate, and the overall learning support system. The prevalence of behavioral incidences among students has decreased. Further, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the UACS model helped sustain student engagement and virtual learning and keep families connected to the schools. This article describes implementation outputs and evaluation outcomes associated with adopting the UACS model in these two Linden elementary schools. Findings contribute to a greater understanding of how UACS can serve as partners in neighborhood revitalization efforts.
Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Disrupts Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Exaggerates Experimental Colitis
Authors: Nighot Meghali , Liao Pei-Luan , Morris Nathan , McCarthy Dennis , Dharmaprakash Viszwapriya , Ullah Khan Inam , Dalessio Shannon , Saha Kushal , Ganapathy Ashwinkumar Subramaniam , Wang Alexandra , Ding Wei , Yochum Gregory , Koltun Walter , Nighot Prashant , Ma Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundProton pump inhibitors [PPIs] are widely used to treat a number of gastro-oesophageal disorders. PPI-induced elevation in intragastric pH may alter gastrointestinal physiology. The tight junctions [TJs] residing at the apical intercellular contacts act as a paracellular barrier. TJ barrier dysfunction is an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Recent studies suggest that PPIs may promote disease flares in IBD patients. The role of PPIs in intestinal permeability is not clear.AimThe aim of the present study was to study the effect of PPIs on the intestinal TJ barrier function.MethodsHuman intestinal epithelial cell culture and organoid models and mouse IBD models of dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] and spontaneous enterocolitis in IL-10−/− mice were used to study the role of PPIs in intestinal permeability.ResultsPPIs increased TJ barrier permeability via an increase in a principal TJ regulator, myosin light chain kinase [MLCK] activity and expression, in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. The PPI-induced increase in extracellular pH caused MLCK activation via p38 MAPK. Long-term PPI administration in mice exaggerated the increase in intestinal TJ permeability and disease severity in two independent models of DSS colitis and IL-10−/− enterocolitis. The TJ barrier disruption by PPIs was prevented in MLCK−/− mice. Human database studies revealed increased hospitalizations associated with PPI use in IBD patients.ConclusionsOur results suggest that long-term use of PPIs increases intestinal TJ permeability and exaggerates experimental colitis via an increase in MLCK expression and activity.
Circulating biomarker-based risk stratifications individualize arch repair strategy of acute Type A aortic dissection via the XGBoosting algorithm
Authors: Liu Hong , Qian Si-Chong , Han Lu , Zhang Ying-Yuan , Wu Ying , Hong Liang , Yang Ji-Nong , Zhong Ji-Sheng , Wang Yu-Qi , Wu Dong-Kai , Fan Guo-Liang , Chen Jun-Quan , Zhang Sheng-Qiang , Peng Xing-Xing , Tang Zhi-Wei , Hamzah Al-Wajih , Shao Yong-Feng , Li Hai-Yang , Zhang Hong-Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe incremental usefulness of circulating biomarkers from different pathological pathways for predicting mortality has not been evaluated in acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients. We aim to develop a risk prediction model and investigate the impact of arch repair strategy on mortality based on distinct risk stratifications.Methods and resultsA total of 3771 ATAAD patients who underwent aortic surgery retrospectively included were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts at a ratio of 7:3 for the development and validation of the risk model based on multiple circulating biomarkers and conventional clinical factors. Extreme gradient boosting was used to generate the risk models. Subgroup analyses were performed by risk stratifications (low vs. middle–high risk) and arch repair strategies (proximal vs. extensive arch repair). Addition of multiple biomarkers to a model with conventional factors fitted an ABC risk model consisting of platelet–leucocyte ratio, mean arterial pressure, albumin, age, creatinine, creatine kinase-MB, haemoglobin, lactate, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, urea nitrogen, and aspartate aminotransferase, with adequate discrimination ability {area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC): 0.930 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.906–0.954] and 0.954, 95% CI (0.930–0.977) in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively}. Compared with proximal arch repair, the extensive repair was associated with similar mortality risk among patients at low risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.838, 95% CI (0.559–6.038); P = 0.316], but associated with higher mortality risk among patients at middle–high risk [OR 2.007, 95% CI (1.460–2.757); P &lt; 0.0001].ConclusionIn ATAAD patients, the simultaneous addition of circulating biomarkers of inflammatory, cardiac, hepatic, renal, and metabolic abnormalities substantially improved risk stratification and individualized arch repair strategy.
AI restoration brings ‘dying’ masterpieces back to life, but tricks copyright?
Authors: Li Yangzi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has shed light on the restoration of fragmentary masterpieces. It is said that AI-restored content can reproduce the missing part in fragmentary works, reveal authors’ initial intention, and give the younger generation a chance to appreciate the essence of cultural heritage. AI restoration leads to a discussion on whether copyright law should apply to AI-restored works. The existing literature about the nexus between the restoration of works and copyright is scarce, and none is related to AI-restored works. Therefore, this paper focuses on investigating the potential copyright issues regarding AI-restored works and exploring how the traditional copyright regime fails to solve those issues. Besides, this paper suggests recalibrating the copyright regime to enhance the authenticity of AI-restored output. Lastly, this cutting-edge article provides theoretical evidence for IP scholars interested in AI-related issues and advocates future research on the relation between AI models and copyright law.
Stochastic modelling of marijuana use in Washington: pre- and post-Initiative-502 (I-502)
Authors: Bibi Ruhomally Yusra , Zaid Dauhoo Muhammad , Dumas Laurent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The stochastic framework of the NERA model (N: Nonuser, E: Experimental user, R: Recreational user, A: Addict) depicting the dynamics of marijuana usage in the pre- and post-Initiative-502 (I-502) in Washington, is analysed. Randomness is introduced in (i) the degree of influence that E exerts on N in order to take into account the fluctuations in social interactions between nonusers and experimental users (S-NE) and (ii) the transition of R to A, accounting for the varying dopamine level in each individual of the R category (S-RA). The resulting stochastic model with the two nonlinear stochastic transitions, is termed as SNESRA. It is shown that SNESRA is stochastically ultimately bounded and has a unique global solution. The drug-free equilibrium is proved to be $p^{th}$ moment exponentially stable under suitable conditions. Conditions for the extinction of drug consumption for SNESRA are established. SNESRA is validated using data available in Ruhomally et al. (2020), on the pervasiveness of marijuana use in Washington. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the theoretical results. The concept of targeted campaigns of prevention is explained and the numerical experiments conducted indicate a decline in marijuana consumption if targeted campaigns of prevention were enacted 1 year prior to I-502 in Washington.
Field Confirmation of (Z)-9-Heptacosene and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Tricosatriene as Key Sex Pheromone Components of KoreanConogethes punctiferalisGuenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Nam Il , Park Ji-Hong , Lee Jae-Woo , Lee Dong Ha , Jung Wanjo , Lee Uk , Park Il-Kwon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, insufficient attractiveness of Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée adult males to sex pheromone, ­(E)-10-hexadecenal and (Z)-10-hexadecenal, has been reported. To identify the other essential components of sex pheromone, male and female body extracts were analyzed. Two hydrocarbon components, (Z)-9-heptacosene (Z9–27:HC) and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–23:HC), were identified from only female body extract. There was a significant difference in the electroantennogram (EAG) response of male antennae to Z3,Z6,Z9–23:HC and Z9–27:HC at all test concentrations compared to the response to the hexane control. In field attraction testing, the addition of Z9–27:HC and Z3,Z6,Z9–23:HC to binary aldehyde pheromones significantly increased trap catches of C. punctiferalis male adults. Based on the female and male body extract analysis and field attraction test, Z9-27:HC and Z3,Z6,Z9–23:HC were determined to be other essential sex pheromone components of the Korean C. punctiferalis population. No significant difference was observed in the number of male captures between the bucket trap and delta trap. Pheromone traps with a color close to yellow shade attracted more male adults than traps with a color close to blue shade.
A step-up approach to management of complex bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Mazzolini Kirea J , Dzubnar Jessica M , Velotta Jeffrey B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a sinus tract between a mainstem, lobar or segmental bronchus and the pleural space. We present a 68-year-old male with a 13 mm spiculated left lower lobe nodule who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery left lower lobe wedge resection followed by persistent BPF requiring open window thoracostomy. We present a step-up approach to management of persistent BPF with discussion of conservative, operative and reconstructive techniques for closure.
Inference of Gene Flow between Species under Misspecified Models
Authors: Huang Jun , Thawornwattana Yuttapong , Flouri Tomáš , Mallet James , Yang Ziheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenomic sequence data provide a rich source of information about the history of species divergence and interspecific hybridization or introgression. Despite recent advances in genomics and statistical methods, it remains challenging to infer gene flow, and as a result, one may have to estimate introgression rates and times under misspecified models. Here we use mathematical analysis and computer simulation to examine estimation bias and issues of interpretation when the model of gene flow is misspecified in analysis of genomic datasets, for example, if introgression is assigned to the wrong lineages. In the case of two species, we establish a correspondence between the migration rate in the continuous migration model and the introgression probability in the introgression model. When gene flow occurs continuously through time but in the analysis is assumed to occur at a fixed time point, common evolutionary parameters such as species divergence times are surprisingly well estimated. However, the time of introgression tends to be estimated towards the recent end of the period of continuous gene flow. When introgression events are assigned incorrectly to the parental or daughter lineages, introgression times tend to collapse onto species divergence times, with introgression probabilities underestimated. Overall, our analyses suggest that the simple introgression model is useful for extracting information concerning between-specific gene flow and divergence even when the model may be misspecified. However, for reliable inference of gene flow it is important to include multiple samples per species, in particular, from hybridizing species.
TmAlphaFold database: membrane localization and evaluation of AlphaFold2 predicted alpha-helical transmembrane protein structures
Authors: Dobson Laszlo , Szekeres Levente I , Gerdán Csongor , Langó Tamás , Zeke András , Tusnády Gábor E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
AI-driven protein structure prediction, most notably AlphaFold2 (AF2) opens new frontiers for almost all fields of structural biology. As traditional structure prediction methods for transmembrane proteins were both complicated and error prone, AF2 is a great help to the community. Complementing the relatively meager number of experimental structures, AF2 provides 3D predictions for thousands of new alpha-helical membrane proteins. However, the lack of reliable structural templates and the fact that AF2 was not trained to handle phase boundaries also necessitates a delicate assessment of structural correctness. In our new database, Transmembrane AlphaFold database (TmAlphaFold database), we apply TMDET, a simple geometry-based method to visualize the likeliest position of the membrane plane. In addition, we calculate several parameters to evaluate the location of the protein into the membrane. This also allows TmAlphaFold database to show whether the predicted 3D structure is realistic or not. The TmAlphaFold database is available at https://tmalphafold.ttk.hu/.