bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and oppositional-defiant disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Dachew B. , Scott J. , Ayano G. , Alati R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is evidence that maternal perinatal depression is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes in children. No study has yet examined the association between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period and the risk of oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between perinatal depressive symptoms and the risk of ODD in offspring from age 7 to 15 years.MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based prospective birth cohort study in the UK. Offspring ODD at the age of 7, 10, 13 and 15 years were assessed by using parental reports the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). We applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modelling to examine associations across the four time points.ResultsMaternal postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with more a two-fold increased risk of ODD overall. Third trimester depressive symptoms (measured at 32 weeks of gestation) increased risk of ODD by 72%. Offspring of mothers who had depressive symptoms both during pregnancy and in the first year of postpartum period have a four-fold increased risk of ODD over time (adjusted OR = 3.59 (1.98-6.52).Conclusions
Offspring of mothers with perinatal depressive symptoms are at an increased risk of developing behavioural disorders.
Could lockdown increase the incidence of eating disorders?
Authors: Cabañas M. Jiménez , Carpintero A. García , Navarro V. Pérez , Moreno M.R. Pérez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSpanish Governmen declared state of emergency in March 2020 to prevent coronavirus COVID-19 from spreading. During September and October 2020, at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit we have attended patients who presented altered eating behaviors whose onset was during lockdown. We report a series of seven cases of adolescent girls between the ages of 11 and 16, who had no previous history of mental illness. During lockdown, they have presented restriction of food and increased physical exercise, with weight loss. Some of these patients have also presented food binges and purging behaviors.ObjectivesReview the impact of lockdown on eating behavior, specially on weight loss.MethodsLiterature review of scientific papers searching in Pubmed.ResultsThere are articles that study the variations in eating habits and exercise ocurred during confinement. Most focus on two trends: on the one hand, increased intake and the tendency to a more sedentary life; on the other hand, the worsening of people with a previous diagnosis of eating disorder. However, there is a third trend for which there are few studies: the new appearance of restrictive eating behaviors, together with increased physical exercise, bingeing and purging. This is the case of the patients we present. These studies describe as a possible cause of these alterations that confinement is a novel situation, which generates stress, social isolation, boredom, anxiety and a feeling of loneliness, which can influence self-concept and eating behaviors.ConclusionsLockdown has favored a change in eating habits and exercise. More studies are needed on new-onset eating disorders.
Effects of the pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. review and current scientific evidence of the SARS-COV2 pandemic
Authors: Del Sol Calderon P. , Izquierdo A. , Moreno M. García 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe coronavirus crisis has had an impact on the mental health of children and adolescentsObjectivesDetermine how it has affected this population and what mental pathologies are occurringMethodsLiterature bibliographic reviewResultsSchool closures and lockdown have been seen to have produced higher levels of anxiety, anger, and sleep and appetite disruption. On the one hand, the children had more anxiety and regressive behaviors, and the adolescents had more isolation, depressive symptoms and even autolytic ideation. The economic crisis and lockdown have affected the family environment, having reported greater situations of domestic violence and substance use among parents. Studies show a prevalence up to 28-34% of post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents. In Spain it has been determined that ¼ children present anxiety and / or depression. Their parents noticed in them greater irritability, less concentration and greater feelings of loneliness There has been an increase in addiction to new technologies. This is partly a method of maintaining social relationships, but prolonged use is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Regarding to patients with mental pathology, they have presented greater tantrums, especially ADHD and ASD, due to the loss of structure and routine.ConclusionsConfinement and fear of COVID have affected mental health of children and adolescents, with anxiety and depression occurring more frequently. Is highlighted the presence of feelings of loneliness among adolescents and the increase in the use of screens. Finally close to 80% of patients who had mental health conditions referred that this crisis had worsed their symtponms
The integrative function of a transnational policy and roadmap for action planning in implementing digital mental health
Authors: Gaebel W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyIn times of global crisis like the present Covid-19 pandemic, digital technology is rapidly conquering the health and mental health & care sector, speeding up e-Mental Health (eMH) implementation on a regional, national and global scale. Making this an organized move, guidance and regulation, legislation and training, but basically also awareness and acceptance building need to ensure the use of efficient, safe and high-quality eMH products and services. Special attention needs to focus on broadening public and professional eMH literacy, providing needs-tailored approaches for target groups, and training mental health workforce and services. Guidance, evaluation and involvement of relevant stakeholders should help to identify how citizens will best benefit from eMH&Care in its various forms. The Transnational Policy for e-Mental Health, a guidance document for European policymakers and stakeholders has been developed by the Interreg-funded eMEN project (www.nweurope.eu/emen) in six EU countries to promote implementation of high-quality eMH & care across NW-Europe. Project partners from Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK contributed to product and policy-guidance development, promoting communication and research. eMEN is currently continuing its work in the Interreg-funded Capitalisation phase to scaling up the implementation of eMH&Care. The Transnational Policy within the scope of national information and training sessions on eMH will be promoted for action planning and implementation by policymakers and stakeholders at the national level. Further meetings will also take place at the European level to promote and support implementation of eMH&Care in NW-Europe and beyond.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
“This is not me”; an overview
Authors: Ramírez A. Gonzaga , Meseguer C. Capella , Vázquez E. Rodríguez , De Llano De La Viuda M. Queipo , Valera G. Guerra 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAPA describes Gender dysphoria (GD) as the conflict between a person’s physical or assigned gender and the gender with which he/she/they identify. Recently DSM-V renamed gender identity disorder as “gender dysphoria”. This change in terminology removes the ‘pathology’ from being transgender, which is not a mental health condition.ObjectivesTo systematically summarise available evidence in this important but less researched field.MethodsA comprehensive review was carried using the PubMed/ Medline database.ResultsFormal epidemiological studies of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents have not been conducted. The true prevalence os gender dysphoria is unknown around the world because of the varying definitions, different cultural norms and lack of data. Individuals who identify as transgender are vulnerable, and have higher rates of psychiatric comorbility compared with the general population. Gender dysphoria, gender identity disorder or transsexualism is a psychological condition that requires care and multiple health professionals.ConclusionsThe natural history of gender identity for children who express gender nonconforming or transgender identities is an area of active research. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to approach these patients.
Characteristics of violent adolescents examined in a forensic psychiatric assessment
Authors: Jardak D. , Omri S. , Chaari I. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Charfi N. , Bouali M. Maalej , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
The acts of violence committed by adolescents are becoming increasingly more common, generating problems of a diverse nature.ObjectivesTo study the main characteristics of violent adolescent examined in a forensic psychiatric assessment.Methods

This is a retrospective study which examined the expert files of the subjects aged between 14 and 20 years charged with violence, which were examined in the context of criminal psychiatric expertise in the psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia), between January 2002 and December 2018.Results
Our study included 34 forensic psychiatric assessments. The male sex was predominant (94,1%). The mean age was 19,2 years. The perpetrators were unmarried (100%), with a primary school level or less (55,9%), and low socioeconomic level in all cases. They had personal criminal records in 20,6% One-fifth had experienced emotional deprivation in childhood. The father was described as violent in 20,6% of cases. The most common diagnosis were antisocial personality disorder (55,9%) and mental retardation (29,4%). The main offences were homicide and attempted homicide (47.1%), assault and battery (26,5%) and sexual offences (20,6%). The experts had concluded to a “non-criminal responsibility” in 38,2% of cases.ConclusionsThe knowledge of epidemiology of violence perpetrated by adolescents highlights the need for targeted research, policy and programming responses for its prevention.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
Innovative professional training approaches on the german national clinical guideline for NSSI in adolescents
Authors: König E. , Hoffmann U. , Plener P. , Fegert J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGerman mental health care providers report to encounter many cases of NSSI in their professional context, but only around 50% know about the treatment guidelines for NSSI of children and adolescents. Many consider professional training about NSSI as necessary for themselves. In response to this need, within the project Star Train different strategies of dissemination of the content of the guidelines were developed.ObjectivesThis study aims at comparing the effectiveness of different strategies of dissemination: printed material, e-learning and blended-learning.Methods
Participants were randomly assigned to one of three different learning formats: printed material, e-learning, and blended-learning. Via online-survey participants provide pre- and post-training self-assessments of their knowledge of NSSI, practical skills, self-efficacy in handling cases of NSSI and attitudes towards NSSI and those affected. Additionally a multiple-choice-test of NSSI is assessed. For data-analyses between-group and within-group comparisons were conducted using a mixed design ANOVA. To ensure quality of learning formats, user-satisfaction was surveyed.ResultsData of the pretest-posttest comparison group design show that knowledge, practical skills, and self-efficacy in handling cases of NSSI raise for all participants and that attitudes towards NSSI and those affected are improved. There is no difference between the learning formats, thus all participants profit equally from their education. User satisfaction is high.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that the developed different training strategies can contribute equally to a better understanding and enhance skills of professionals regarding NSSI. The choice of training method could be driven by considering which goals want to be achieved and cost-value ratio.
Parent and adolescent reports on emotional and peer problems in psychiatric outpatient setting using SDQ
Authors: Kocane A. , Bezborodovs N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used screening instruments in child and adolescent psychiatry. Studies have shown that the parent is a better informant than the adolescent, both for externalising and internalising disorders (Goodman et al, 1997, 2000).ObjectivesAim of this study was to examine the prevalence of parent and adolescent reported internalising problems in outpatient child and adolescent psychiatry setting using SDQ and examine the differences between parent and adolescent reports.MethodsThe study group was 101 adolescents (11-17 y.o.) and their parents, in 2 outpatient psychiatric care centres in Latvia. Internalising problems were assessed using SDQ parent and self-report version. When analyzing the score, 3rd and 4th band were defined as “high”.Results
The mean age of adolescent population was 14,04 years (SD 1,96) and N=54 were female. 60,4% of parents and 52,5% of adolescents reported high level of peer problems, 63,4% of parents and 51,5% of adolescents reported high level of emotional problems. Parent and adolescent report results were concordant in two thirds of cases. Adolescents reported high emotional and peer problems in 9% and 14% of cases respectively, when their parents did not. And on the contrary - 22% of parents reported high level of internalising problems when the adolescent did not.ConclusionsMore than half of reports showed high levels of internalising problems. Every fifth parent reported a higher level of internalising problems than their adolescent. This agrees with previous findings that single informant (parent) reports might be more informative than multi-informant reports.
Quality of life in a sample of schoolchildren with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sánchez S. Pérez , Herrero I. Martín , Fernández M.A. Cutillas , Güimil D. Raya , Portero A. Crespo 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Schoolchildren with ADHD have difficulties in different areas of their lives and sometimes need drug treatment. To comprehensively assess the response to treatment, it is interesting to use quality of life questionnaires where the child’s perspective is assessed.ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality of life in children with ADHD.MethodsSample of 14 schoolchildren from 11 to 14 years of age who attended a primary care check-up and were diagnosed with ADHD under treatment with long-acting methylphenidate. Parent informed consent. AUQUEI questionnaire Spanish versiónResultsParticipants answered the questionnaire before starting treatment, at 3 months and 6 months. Four factors were differentiated with different scores: In the baseline results (before treatment), great difficulties were observed in academic performance in 90% (F4, mean 5), family life in 70% (F1, mean 5) and 30% % in leisure (F2, mean 10). After months of treatment, an improvement was observed in the scores regarding academic performance (F4, mean 13) and family life (F1, mean 9). The female sex presented better total scores in quality of life at six months evaluation.ConclusionsThe AUQUEI is an easy-to-apply questionnaire specific to the child population that provides us with a profile from the child’s point of view and can be very useful in the primary care consultation in the comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of the schoolchild with ADHD and pharmacological approach.
Honouring COVID-19 restrictions: A qualitative study of the virtual asd diagnostic pathway in a uk nhs camhs service
Authors: Ecob C. , Olety S. , Lancaster R. , Harris A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Multi-Agency Autism Team (MAAT) diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and young people using a multi-stage assessment process. In March 2020, the UK went into lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the MAAT’s ability to continue their typical diagnostic pathway.ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of a virtual ASD diagnostic pathway.Methods
From March – September; one hundred detailed developmental history assessments were conducted over the telephone, fifteen socially-distanced BOSA (Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism) assessments were piloted, twenty-five multi-disciplinary formulation meeting were held over a video platform, and sixty diagnosis feedback consultations were conducted via telephone or video call. Structured interviews were conducted with clinicians and service-users.Resultsrevealed that telephone developmental history assessments were generally preferable over face-to-face appointments, and video-based formulation meetings were effective, productive and resulted in higher clinician attendance. The qualitative data on feedback appointments was mixed. Clinicians felt that telephone appointments were less personable and ethical; whereas, video-based feedback appointments allowed for more empathy. However, the majority of service-users opted for tele-calls over video-calls for these appointments. Socially-distanced BOSAs obtained positive clinician feedback in general. Service-user feedback was mixed; some found the experience uncomfortable and unfamiliar, whilst others enjoyed the experience. Overall, service-users were content with the knowledge that it may support a diagnostic outcome for their child.Conclusions
We concluded that the overall experience of the virtual ASD diagnostic pathway was a positive and informative process, identifying opportunities for permanent change to the service.
The requirement of an early detection of vulnerability base patterns in childhood to reduce relapse tendency in psychiatric pathology
Authors: Garcia L. Carpio , Villarroel C. Martín , García G. Belmonte , Cutanda J. Dominguez , Revuelta M. Sánchez , Matsuura J. , García E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn order to understand etiopathogeny of any mental illness, it is important to be aware of the sequential emergence of symptoms, having presentations, that appear before, after or simultaneously. We could understand mental pathology as the sumatory of different factors and vulnerable cerebral substrates. Adverse external factors influence over them, causing relapses, that would lead to the evolution of diagnosis through time. However,patients usually come when pathology is already developed. Interventions are delayed, what is insufficient to modify the course of the illness.ObjectivesProving that replacing classic clinical evaluation by an open access/multiintervention model, would determine a better prevention and reduction of relapse tendency.MethodsWe have arranged a prospective descriptive study of 124 users along 2 years. The idea was to test a first sample which let us check the viability of our project. We adopted a qualitative approach, linking practice and research, which have implied to perform a structured clinical process based on a dynamic reevaluation performed for different professionals in various stages using Rodman’s model.ResultsMultiIntervention model reduces the prognosis factor of delayed treatment thanks to reaching a high risk group in the early stages. That model allows us to determine the way each factor relates to each other, what facilitates multiple-intervention that tries to eliminate the symptom and also the relapse.ConclusionsLate adolescence and early adulthood are stages in which many mental disorders start, however treatment delays some years. Rothman’s model may be a useful tool, what means a multiintervention treatment that mixes biological and psychosocial interventions.
Who would like a monster like me to be alive? Obsessive compulsive disorder or pedophilia in a patient with high functioning autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jordá C. Pastor , Gu A. , Kelly A. , Mckessy D. , Shear S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCase of a 17yo patient with high functioning ASD and OCD with obsessions about being a pedophile, with suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors. He was followed in outpatient care for one year since his first contact with Mental Health, following an inpatient admission for suicidal ideation.ObjectivesDifferential diagnosis between OCD, ASD and possible pedophilia. Learn about different levels of care involved, and other possibilities. Therapy resources used.MethodsDescription of the case report: description of initial and final Mental Status Exam Differential Diagnosis: ASD vs OCD vs Pedophilia vs Depressive Disorder Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Therapy: family based therapy, and Exposure response prevention therapy.ResultsIntrusive images, and reassurance seeking, helped with OCD diagnosis. ASD made symptoms harder to manage with SSRIs alone, which drove to add Aripiprazol at low doses in outpatient care. CY-BOCS showed obsessions other than doubts about being a pedophile. He participated in Exposure response prevention therapy with response, especially when antipsychotic medication was added. Family based therapy worked with his parents in not providing excessive reassurance, and with the patient in gaining insight about his OCD. Decreased anxiety, decreased self-deprecation and no new suicidal thoughts Functionality of the patient in the community improved, with possibility of going college next year.Conclusions
Recommendation of good assessment of sexuality in ASD population Importance of individual and family therapy for OCD and specially when there is poor judgement and insight in the patient. Importance of combined treatment: pharmacology + therapyConflict of interestAlicia Koplowitz Foundation
Differential diagnosis of auditory hallucinations in teenagers. Assessment and difficulties: Case report of a 13 year old patient
Authors: Jordá C. Pastor , Carroll P. , Bender D. , Tumuluru R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLearning from a case of a 13 year old patient with auditory hallucinations for 2 months, admitted to the hospital due to suicidal ideation. Her mother had been diagnosed with Lupus and OCD. Her mood had been low for several months, probable mild intellectual disability.ObjectivesLearn how to assess auditory hallucinations and possible new onset psychotic symptoms in teenagers. Learn about different levels of care involved. Discuss differential diagnosis and future directions and treatment.MethodsDescription of the case. Differential diagnosis: Obsessive compulsive disorder, Major depressive disorder with Psychotic features, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, epilepsy or other neurologic disease, autoimmune disease, post-traumatic stress disorder… Tests and consults conducted by Neurology team Psychopharmacology description.ResultsDifferential diagnosis: Obsessive compulsive disorder, Major depressive disorder with Psychotic features, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases like Lupus, post-traumatic stress disorder etc. Video EEG: normal. Brain MRI: normal Blood work unremarkable with positive ANA (titer 1:80). Work up, including lumbar puncture with autoimmune encephalitis and MS panels was negative. Psychopharmacology: Fluoxetine up to 40mg, and Aripiprazol up to 20mg without a good response. Possible sexual trauma was disclosed in a second hospitalization, months later.ConclusionsRecommendation of assessing new onset of psychotic symptoms in detail to get a good diagnosis. Psychotic symptoms in young teenagers may occur as part of different presentations and it is important to provide a good follow up of the patient in order to provide the most accurate treatment.Conflict of interestAlicia Koplowitz Foundation