bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rahasia Tartib Surah dan Ayat Al-Quran dari Unsur Bilangan (Kajian Pemikiran Izza Rohman)
Authors: Pujilestari Sri , Kartika Weka Dwi , Lailaturrosidah Azah , Abdussakir  , Muhammad  
Published: August 2022

Perbedaan susunan ayat Al-Qur’an dengan urutan diturunkannya Al-Qur’an menarik untuk diteliti. Yaitu Izza Rohman yang mengkaji tentang perbandingan urutan ayat Al-Quran antara muskhaf dan kejadiannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengupas ulang dengan mengkaitkan dengan kajian-kajian lain yang melengkapi kajian dari Izza Rohman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan literatur yang menggunakan literatur-literatur yang ada kemudian mengkaitkannya menjadi satu kesatuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan surah dan ayat Al-Quran menjadi inspirasi dan objek kajian yang perbedaan urutannya mempunyai alasan mendasar. Ditemukannya adanya keteraturan dan keserasian dari nomor surah dan ayat dalam Al-Quran. Keteraturan dan keserasian ini menunjukkan kemukjizatan Al-Quran dilihat dari bilangan tartib surah dan ayat-ayatnya. Salah satunya adalah kajian tentang keistimewaan bilangan 7 dan bilangan 19. Dari bilangan tersebut dapat diungkap beberapa rahasia nomor surat dan nomor ayat. Selain itu juga kajian tentang lafadz bismillah yang didalamnya mengandung angka 7 dan 19 juga.

The difference in the arrangement of the verses of the Qur'an with the order in which the Qur'an was revealed is interesting to study. Namely Izza Rohman who studied the comparison of the order of the verses of the Qur'an between the muskhaf and its occurrence. The purpose of this study is to re-explore by linking it with other studies that complement the study of Izza Rohman. The research method used is a literature approach that uses the existing literature and then links it into a single unit. The results showed that the order of the surahs and verses of the Qur'an became the inspiration and object of study whose different sequences had basic reasons. The discovery of the regularity and harmony of the number of surahs and verses in the Al-Quran. This order and harmony shows the miracles of the Al-Quran seen from the number of tartib surahs and verses. One of them is the study of the peculiarities of the numbers 7 and 19. From these numbers, several secrets of letter numbers and verse numbers can be revealed. In addition, there is also a study of the bismillah lafadz which contains the numbers 7 and 19 as well.
Unmasking the Devil: The Role of the Civil Court and Islamic Religious Authorities in the Battle Against Religious Extremism and Terrorism in Malaysia
Authors: Mokhtar Khairil Azmin 
Published: August 2022

This paper sets out to examine the role of the court and the Islamic religious authorities in fighting religious extremism and terrorism in Malaysia. The judiciary has obligations to protect the people, to guarantee freedom and to dispense justice. It is the constitutional duty of the Islamic religious authorities to preserve the religion, to safeguard the Muslim and to insulate the teachings of Islam in Malaysia. Under the federal constitutional framework of the country, civil court and federal government do not deal with religious matters because it comes under the jurisdiction of Syariah laws and Syariah court of the states. However, in order to combat religious extremism and terrorism under the pretext of Islam, the demarcation of constitutional power and jurisdiction between federal and state governments is obscured. The federal government which has exclusive legislative and executive powers over criminal matters, public order and security have to collaborate with the Islamic religious authorities of the states in encountering threats coming from religious extremists and terrorists’ groups. Although laws, policies, and agencies relating to internal security, public order and crime are under the jurisdiction of the federal government, the ideological, theological, and philosophical dimensions of religious extremism and terrorism have to be dealt with by the Islamic religious authorities of the states. The civil court on a few occasions faced with challenging tasks of upholding rights of those accused of religious terrorism while at the same time preserving public order, peace, and security of the country. This is a qualitative research which involves legal study and analysis of primary materials including constitutions, legislations, emergency ordinances and court cases, and secondary materials such as books, articles and expert opinions. The symbiosis of federal authorities especially the civil courts, with the Islamic religious authorities of the states is the focal point of this paper. To counter the terrorists’ threats and combat the spreading of the dangerous extremists’ ideologies the court and the Islamic religious authorities need to have mutual understanding and establish cooperation in achieving the common goal. Only then the fight against religious extremism and terrorism in Malaysia is sustainable and effective.
Wpływ definicji pracy zdalnej na rynek pracy w Polsce
Authors: Retyk Jakub Maciej 
Published: August 2022

Pandemia koronawirusa stała się bezprecedensową sytuacją globalnego upowszechnienia pracy zdalnej. Dotychczasowe przepisy dotyczące telepracy, w szczególności unormowania definicyjne, okazały się nieadekwatne do realiów rynku pracy. Wraz z rozpoczęciem prac legislacyjnych we wrześniu 2020 r., ustawodawca stanął przed dylematem, czy obecne przepisy mają obowiązywać tylko w czasie pandemii, czy także po niej. Definicja pracy zdalnej zawarta w nowym art. 675 odgrywa w tej materii rolę fundamentalną, od której zależy nie tylko przyszłość rynku pracy, ale też rewolucja w obrębie samej ontologii pracy.
Reasonable accommodation beyond disability and the concept of vulnerability in Europe
Authors: Rubino Livio 
Published: August 2022

The article addresses the provision of reasonable accommodation within the context of the European Union, in particular within EU labour law. Specifically, the provision of reasonable accommodation is enshrined within the framework provided by non-discrimination law. Furthermore, the article introduces the concept of vulnerability which represents a new and pioneering category especially in legal studies. The research question wonders whether it would be feasible to expand the provision on reasonable accommodation beyond the ground of disability considering vulnerability as an encompassing category to be used in order to evaluate whether a reasonable accommodation can be required or not. To this aim, it has to be noted that disability is the only ground based on which a reasonable accommodation can be provided under the EU law.
Запалювання вакуумно-дугового розряду в джерелах плазми нетрадиційними методами
Authors: Sysoiev Iurii , Shyrokyi Yurii , Sysoiev Andrey 
Published: August 2022

The subject of research in this article is the processes of excitation of a vacuum-arc discharge in plasma sources by unconventional methods: the transition of a glow discharge into an arc discharge (TGA) and arc initiation using laser radiation (LR). The goals are to increase the service life of ignition systems (IS) for plasma sources to expand their technological capabilities and the quality of the resulting coatings. The tasks: to investigate the modes in which non-traditional IS stably excite an arc discharge and ensure their high service life. The methods used are analytical and experimental research methods, which were carried out using the developed new devices. The following results have been obtained. The study of arc excitation using a TGA in a system of Penning-type electrodes showed that the use of a plasma source with such an IS is advisable in processes in which reaction gases are used to form compounds with its material on the cathode surface. Otherwise, after several hundred triggering, the probability of PTD decreases to values of 10...50 %, which is explained by the cleaning of the cathode surface from various inhomogeneities. The ignition of the TGA arc using dielectric stimulators of the cathode spot (CS) expands the technological capabilities of the plasma source. Here, the arc discharge stably ignites in the pressure range from 10-2 to 10 Pa, with voltage pulses of the order of 2 kV in a magnetic field with a strength of 5.6 104 A/m and a starting pulse energy of 2 J. The design of a plasma source with a combined IS has been developed, which makes it possible to achieve the maximum reliability of the excitation of a vacuum arc. A plasma source with a combined IS has a reliability of starting the device in the pressure range of 10-2 ... 5 Pa, the presence of a magnetic field of 104 ... 105 A/m and amplitude of starting pulses of 1.5...2.0 kV close to 100%. The conditions under which the formation of vapor condensate of the plasma source cathode material on the surface of the LR input window does not occur are considered, and it is proposed to solve this problem by supplying energy to the condensation zone directly to the formed condensate layer. Conclusions. The use of non-traditional methods of excitation of a vacuum-arc discharge was substantiated and studied: using TGA and LR, a combined IS was developed, in which traditional and non-traditional methods of arc ignition are combined using the advantages of each method, parameters were found under which the IS work under study reliably and have high resource.
PELAKSANAAN TRADISI BANJAR BEGAWE DAN IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA (Studi Desa Suwangi Timur Kecamatan Sakra Kabupaten Lombok Timur)
Authors: ASRIFITRIANI ASRIFITRIANI , Zubair M. Zubair 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan tradisi banjar begawe dan imlementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di Desa Suwangi Timur Kecamatan Sakra Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat pelaku budaya, yaitu anggota banjar begawe dan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketua banjar begawe dan tokoh agama. Teknik pengumpualan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini tentang pelaksanaan tradisi banjar begawe dan implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di Desa Suwangi Timur Kecamatan Sakra Kabupaten Lombok Timur antara lain sebagai berikut: proses pelaksanaan meliputi, tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap, penutup. Tahap persiapan terdiri dari musyawarah, dan mempersiapkan alat dan bahan. Tahap pelaksanaan terdiri dari acara begawe (pesta). Tahap penutup terdiri dari doa dan zikir bersama serta makan bersama. Waktu pelaksanaan tradisi banjar begawe tidak menentu, namun yang menjadi patokan apabila salah satu dari keluarga anggota banjar begawe ada yang merarik (menikah), mate (meninggal), atau akan mengadakan hajatan lainnya. pihak yang terlibat adalah anggota banjar begawe, keluarga serta kerabat yang mengadakan acara begawe, dan tokoh agama. implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila pada tradisi banjar begawe di Desa Suwangi Timur Kecamatan Sakra Kabupaten Lombok Timur.
Kata kunci: Tradisi Banjar Begawe, Nilai-Nilai Pancasila
Contrapower Harassment in Paramedicine: Experiences of Academic Staff in Australian Universities
Authors: Williams Brett , King Christine , Boyle Malcom , Clegg Lisa , Devenish Scott , Kamphuis Catherine , King James , Reid David 
Published: August 2022

Background Although bullying and harassment among academic staff has been well researched, research on students bullying and harassing academic teaching staff (ie, contrapower harassment) is less common. Contrapower harassment has been on the rise in academia over the last decade, partly attributable to changes in the student-faculty staff relationship. This study aimed to understand better the extent and impact of students’ contrapower harassment on paramedic academic teaching staff within Australian universities, as well as actions and interventions to address it. Methods This study used a two-phase mixed methods design. In phase 1, a convenience sample of paramedic teaching academics from 12 universities in Australia participated in an online questionnaire. In phase 2, an in-depth interview was conducted with nine participants from phase 1. Results Seventy-six academic teaching staff participated in the study. Survey results showed that most academics surveyed had experienced harassment from paramedic students, with the highest incidence of harassment occurring during student assessment periods. Alarmingly, over 30% of the academics surveyed had been ‘stalked’ by a student and over 50% had felt powerless and helpless when students had attacked them on social media. Problematic students were identified as those who presented with an over-inflated sense of entitlement or with psychological states and traits that find it challenging to accept feedback and failure, and look to externalise their failures. Reasons for increases in contrapower harassment included a complex mix of consumer and demand-driven education, on-demand (and demanding) instant gratification and degree self-entitlement, and an increase in social media and online learning (particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020). Conclusion Although most of the academics in this study experienced contrapower harassment by students, they also report that most students are level-headed and supportive, and do not carry out this type of harassment. Promoting student professionalism and reassessing student evaluations are starting points for addressing this type of harassment. Further research on the broader systemic issues that influence the contributors to contrapower harassment is needed.
Перспективи актуалізації джерел особового походження з історії Одеси «воронцовської доби»
Authors: Хмарський Вадим 
Published: August 2022

У статті піднімається проблема розширення джерельної бази для вивчення історії Одеси першої половини ХІХ ст. через актуалізацію джерел особового походження, зокрема щоденника відомого одеського історика Аполлона Скальковського. Оригінал щоденника зберігається у Петербурзі (Російська Федерація), а копії за 1835-1845 рр. в Одесі, написаний надзвичайно нерозбірливим почерком і тому був мало залучений до історичних досліджень. Продемонстровано, що двома найбільшими групами джерел особового походження з названої проблематики є спогади та подорожні нотатки, а щоденники представленні вкрай обмежено. Це робить щоденник А. Скальковського унікальним наративом. Автор підготував до публікації записи історика за 1835 р., про що повідомляється у статті, і надає загальну характеристику джерельної інформації, що міститься у цьому історичному джерелі.
Дозвілля вихованців Київської духовної семінарії у ХІХ ст.
Authors: Тацієнко Віталій 
Published: August 2022

У статті розглянуто особливості дозвілля вихованців Київської духовної семінарії у ХІХ ст. Відзначається, що для семінаристів було чимало заборон у проведенні вільного часу. В духовних навчальних закладах не дозволялося влаштовувати концерти, спектаклі, читання й інші публічні зібрання. Адміністрація семінарії заохочувала вихованців проводити вільний час за заняттями музикою, співами, малюванням, ремеслами. Також організовувалися прогулянки на природу. Непоодинокими були випадки порушення встановлених правил у проведенні вільного часу. Популярною недозволеною формою дозвілля було відвідування театру. Траплялися випадки, коли відпочинок супроводжувався музикою, танцями, грою в карти, палінням і вживанням спиртних напоїв. Однак, таке дозвілля загрожувало серйозними покараннями з боку семінарської адміністрації.
Товариство народної освіти: громадсько-політична організація польського народу на зламі ХІХ-ХХ ст.
Authors: Приходько Микола 
Published: August 2022

Метою даного дослідження є висвітлення історії Товариства народної освіти — просвітницького ядра польської громади кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Показано діяльність Товариства у Львові, в містах і сільській місцевості Галичини у 1881-1914 роках.
У 1904 р. Товариство мало 517 читалень і бібліотек. Статутні цілі реалізовувалися шляхом проведення лекцій, читань, бесід, популяризації читання, читання вголос уривків творів, святкування національних ювілеїв, аматорських театральних вистав. З’ясовано, що Товариство мало ліберально-демократичне спрямування, до роботи організаційних структур були залучені професори Львівського університету та Політехніки.
Прослідковано діяльність афільованого з Товариством – Товариство народних читалень, яке швидко зростало та потребувало організаційних змін для ефективнішої просвітницької роботи в окремих осередках своєї діяльності. Доведено, що читальні Товариства були продуктом саме польської праці та освітньої думки. Від початку свого існування вони ставили перед собою суто культурно-освітні цілі.
Політика провідних світових держав у Китаї у зв’язку з повстанням іхетуанів (1899-1901 рр.)
Authors: Жуков Олександр , Подрєз Юлія 
Published: August 2022

Дослідження присвячене ключовим аспектам зовнішньої політики провідних світових держав, насамперед Великобританії, у Китаї у зв’язку з повстанням іхетуанів у 1899-1901 роках.
Автори наголошують, що наприкінці ХІХ ст. відносини Великобританії з представниками «великих держав» в Азійсько-Тихоокеанському регіоні були вкрай нестабільними. Дуже часто колоніальні держави були принциповими суперниками на світовій арені. Поява нових регіональних лідерів (США, Японія, Німеччина), поступовий відхід від політики «блискучої ізоляції» змушували Лондон до суттєвої трансформації зовнішньополітичного курсу в бік пошуку стратегічних союзників.
Ключовими аспектами визначається політика лавіювання та стримування, яку британські правлячі кола намагались використовувати на Далекому Сході по відношенню як до регіональних гравців, так і підконтрольних територій.
Comparison of different small molecular weight alcohols for sustaining sulfidogenic bioreactors maintained at moderately low pH
Authors: Santos Ana Laura , Johnson D. Barrie 
Published: August 2022

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) catalyse the dissimilatory reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide using a wide range of small molecular weight organic compounds, and hydrogen, as electron donors. Here we report the effects of different combinations of small molecular weight alcohols on the performance and bacterial composition of a moderately low pH sulfidogenic bioreactor (pH 4.0–5.5) operated at 35°C in continuous flow mode. Ethanol alone and methanol or ethanol used in combination with glycerol were evaluated based on their equivalent amounts of carbon. Although evidenced that methanol was utilised as electron donor to fuel sulfidogenesis at pH 5.5, rates of sulfate reduction/sulfide production were negatively impacted when this alcohol was first introduced to the system, though these rates increased in subsequent phases as a result of adaptation of the microbial community. Further increased dosage of methanol again caused rates of sulfidogenesis to decrease. Methanol addition resulted in perturbations of the bioreactor microbial community, and species not previously detected were present in relatively large abundance, including the sulfate-reducer Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Ethanol utilization was evidenced by the increase in rates of sulfidogenesis as the dosage of ethanol increased, with rates being highest when the bioreactor was fed with ethanol alone. Concentrations of acetate in the effluent liquor also increased (up to 8 mM) as a result of incomplete oxidation of ethanol. This alcohol continued to be used as the electron donor for sulfate reduction when the bioreactor pH was decreased incrementally (to pH 4.0), but rates of sulfidogenesis decreased. The relative abundance of Dv. desulfuricans diminished as the bioreactor pH was lowered, while that of the acidophilic Firmicute Desulfosporosinus acididurans increased. This study has shown that all three alcohols can be used to fuel microbial sulfidogenesis in moderately acidic liquors, though the cost-effectiveness, availability and toxicity to the microbial community will dictate the choice of substrate.
Biomechanical evaluation of a short-rod technique for lumbar fixation surgery
Authors: Huang Ze-Bin , Nie Mao-Dan , Zhang Ning-Ze , Liu Shu , Yuan Jia-Bin , Lin Xu-Miao , Cheng Cheng-Kung , Shi Zhi-Cai , Mao Ning-Fang 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability and instrument-related complications associated with fixation of the lumbar spine using the Short-Rod (SR) technique.Methods: Using finite element analysis, this study assessed the stability of a bilateral lumbar fixation system when inserting the pedicle screws at angles of 10°, 15°, and 20° to the endplate in the sagittal plane. Using the most stable construct with a screw angle, the model was then assessed with different rod lengths of 25, 30, 35, and 45 mm. The optimal screw inclination angle and rod length were incorporated into the SR model and compared against traditional parallel screw insertion (pedicle screws in parallel to the endplate, PPS) in terms of the stability and risk of instrument-related complications. The following parameters were evaluated using the validated L4–L5 lumbar finite element model: axial stiffness, range of motion (ROM), stress on the endplate and facet joint, von-Mises stress on the contact surface between the screw and rod (CSSR), and screw displacement.Results: The results showed that the SR model with a 15° screw inclination angle and 35 mm rod length was superior in terms of construct stability and risk of complications. Compared to the PPS model, the SR model had lower stiffness, lower ROM, less screw displacement, and lower stress on the facet cartilage, the CSSR, and screws. However, the SR model also suffered more stress on the endplate in flexion and lateral bending.Conclusion: The SR technique with a 15° screw inclination and 35 mm rod length offers good lumbar stability with a low risk of instrument-related complications.
Microalgae growth in ultra-thin steady-state continuous photobioreactors: assessing self-shading effects
Authors: Saccardo Alberto , Bezzo Fabrizio , Sforza Eleonora 
Published: August 2022

To disclose the net effect of light on microalgal growth in photobioreactors, self-shading and mixing-induced light–dark cycles must be minimized and discerned from the transient phenomena of acclimation. In this work, we performed experiments of continuous microalgal cultivation in small-scale photobioreactors with different thicknesses (from 2 to 35 mm): working at a steady state allowed us to describe the effect of light after acclimation, while the geometry of the reactor was adjusted to find the threshold light path that can discriminate different phenomena. Experiments showed an increased inhibition under smaller culture light paths, suggesting a strong shading effect at thicknesses higher than 8 mm where mixing-induced light–dark cycles may occur. A Haldane-like model was applied and kinetic parameters retrieved, showing possible issues in the scalability of experimental results at different light paths if mixing-induced light–dark cycles are not considered. To further highlight the influence of mixing cycles, we proposed an analogy between small-scale operations with continuous light and PBR operations with pulsed light, with the computation of characteristic parameters from pulsed-light microalgae growth mathematical modeling.