bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Rice-Growing Villages in the Philippines
Authors: Estudillo Jonna P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRice-growing villages that look dormant under the shadow of mango trees have undergone a major transformation in their economies. Such transformation is accompanied by household income growth and poverty reduction. The first objective of this chapter is to describe the drivers of economic transformation in four villages (Kei’s villages) in the Philippines from simple rice-dependent economies to more complex ones characterized by diverse sources of livelihood. The drivers of these economic transformations are population pressure, new rice technology, land reform, investments in human capital, urbanization and commercialization, and infrastructure. The second objective is to explore the strategic processes that accompany such transformation, such as rising productivity of rice farming, production of high-value crops, and rising incidence of nonfarm work within the local economy and migration to local towns, big cities, and overseas, among the younger generation. An important finding is that in the course of transformation, participation in the nonfarm labor market and migration are the main pathways in moving out of poverty for the children of poor landless farmers.
Are the Lessons from the Green Revolution Relevant for Agricultural Growth and Food Security in the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Pingali Prabhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Green Revolution had profound positive impacts on human welfare and economic development across the developing world. However, its global reach was limited by agroclimatic, infrastructural, social, and political constraints. Regional disparities in poverty reduction, intra-societal inequities, and gender differences in the distribution of benefits persist even in countries that witnessed positive Green Revolution outcomes. This essay synthesizes the lessons learned and the policy redirections needed for a ‘redux’ version of the Green Revolution that enhances food and nutrition security and economic development while minimizing social, environmental, and health tradeoffs.
Integrating Agricultural and Industrial Development
Authors: Aida Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Green Revolution has brought about a significant increase in agricultural productivity, expediting a shift in industrial structure. Although economic theories have been based on the dichotomy of agricultural and industrial sectors, the actual shift is more gradual. In this chapter, we discuss the role of upstream and downstream industries of agriculture in development strategy from the perspective of global value chains. We claim that agricultural processing and retail industries can integrate agricultural and industrial developments. In this regard, the model of cluster-based development is informative, and the role of human capital investment and associations is essential. We also provide an overview of the development of the tapioca industry in Thailand as an illustrative case study. This discussion ultimately aims to redefine agricultural development as a part of long-term economic development.
Cluster-Based Agricultural Development: A Comparison Between China and Africa
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClusters for high-value crops are ubiquitous in China and in African countries. Drawing from three case studies (potato cluster in China, medicinal and aromatic cluster in Egypt, and dates cluster in Tunisia), this chapter discusses the major challenges facing cluster development and the roles of different agents (e.g., entrepreneurs, business associations, and local governments). Cluster development involves supply-side or demand-side bottlenecks along the way, which are beyond the capacity of individual enterprises. Whether a cluster can develop to the next stage depends crucially upon whether the bottlenecks can be resolved. Because the bottlenecks are context- and temporal-specific, it would be impossible for a planner or outsider donor to prescribe a one-size-fits-all intervention to overcome all the binding constraints. Instead, local elites, such as business leaders and local officials, can play a greater role in identifying the emerging bottlenecks and figuring out indigenous solutions. In China, because local governments have an embedded interest in promoting local economic development, they are keen to provide local public goods or initiate joint actions to address the successive binding constraints and facilitate cluster development. By comparison, the role of the local government is more muted in Africa, limiting the growth potential of agricultural clusters.
Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality Through the Lens of Induced Innovation
Authors: Quisumbing Agnes , Meinzen-Dick Ruth , Malapit Hazel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing the lens of the theory of induced innovation, we reflect on the development of metrics for women’s empowerment and gender equality. The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), launched in 2012, was used to monitor women’s inclusion in agricultural sector growth. Demand by WEAI users and the supply of tools and methods from researchers shaped the ongoing evolution of the tool to a shorter version and to another that reflected what agricultural development projects deemed meaningful to judge project success. Eventual modifications reflected user demand: a greater interest in market inclusion and value chains stimulated the development of specialized modules for market inclusion. WEAI-related metrics have demonstrated the importance of women’s empowerment for development outcomes, helping governments and civil society organizations design and implement gender-sensitive agricultural development programs. Finally, the adoption of SDG5 on women’s empowerment and gender equality created a demand for a measure of women’s empowerment for use by national statistical systems. Whether such a metric will be adopted globally will depend on the demand from, and utility to, stakeholders as well as existing capacity, capacity-building efforts, a belief in the intrinsic value of women’s empowerment, and the commitment of resources to attaining this goal.
Diffusion of Submergence-Tolerant Rice in South Asia
Authors: Yamano Takashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase the incidence and magnitudes of extreme weather events. To help farmers mitigate the expected impacts of extreme weather events, abiotic stress-tolerant crop varieties have been developed. The diffusions of the stress-tolerant crop varieties, however, have been limited. This chapter reviews recent studies on the adoption and impacts of the submergence-tolerant rice varieties in South Asia. Studies have identified significant benefits of those rice varieties in South Asia using various survey and analytical methods. However, farmers have problems identifying submergence-tolerant rice varieties in informal seed markets. Using DNA fingerprinting, a study found that many farmers in Bangladesh could not identify varietal names correctly. Effective public interventions are needed to help farmers in flood-prone areas adopt submergence-tolerant rice varieties.
RePEAT: Looking Back on 20 Years of Achievements
Authors: Kijima Yoko , Tabetando Rayner 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Research on Poverty, Environment, and Agricultural Technology (RePEAT) project was initiated in 2003 by a small group led by Takashi Yamano, Keijiro Otsuka, and Frank Place. The original focus was to understand how to enhance the income of small farm households in East African countries by increasing crop production combined with improved cattle raising and agroforestry. Until now, the number of contributors and the coverage of this project have been expanding. This chapter summarizes the findings and achievements of the project by reviewing the papers that used RePEAT data. It also discusses the future directions of the project.
Cosmologies inside hyperbolic black holes
Authors: Ross Simon F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Models with closed FRW cosmologies on the worldvolume of a constant-tension brane inside a black hole provide an interesting setup for studying cosmology holographically. However, in more than two worldvolume dimensions, there are limitations on such models with flat spatial slices. I show that these limitations can be avoided by considering instead hyperbolic slices. This also naturally makes contact with previous work on Euclidean wormholes.
Twisting of Graded Quantum Groups and Solutions to the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equation
Authors: Huang Hongdi , Nguyen Van C. , Ure Charlotte , Vashaw Kent B. , Veerapen Padmini , Wang Xingting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet H be a Hopf algebra that is $\mathbb Z$
ℤ
-graded as an algebra. We provide sufficient conditions for a 2-cocycle twist of H to be a Zhang twist of H. In particular, we introduce the notion of a twisting pair for H such that the Zhang twist of H by such a pair is a 2-cocycle twist. We use twisting pairs to describe twists of Manin’s universal quantum groups associated with quadratic algebras and provide twisting of solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation via the Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan construction.
The ontogeny of elements: distinct ontogenetic patterns in the radular tooth mineralization of gastropods
Authors: Brütt Jan-Ole , Gorb Stanislav N. , Krings Wencke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract The molluscan phylum is characterized by the radula, used for the gathering and processing of food. This structure can consist of a chitinous membrane with embedded rows of teeth, which show structural, chemical, and biomechanical adaptations to the preferred ingesta. With regard to the chemical composition of teeth, some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) were extensively studied, and high proportions of incorporated iron, calcium, and silicon were previously reported. However, outside these two groups, there is an immense lack of knowledge about the elemental composition of radular teeth. The here presented work aims at shedding some light on the radular composition by performing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on six non-patelliform gastropod species (Anentome helena,Cornu aspersum,Lavigeria nassa,Littorina littorea,Reymondia horei, andVittina turrita), with the focus on the ontogeny of the elemental composition. Proportions of elements, which are not part of chitin and other purely organic molecules, were documented for overall 1027 individual teeth of all ontogenetic radular stages, i.e., for the building zone, the maturation zone, and the working zone. We detected that the proportions of these elements increased from the building to the maturation zone. However, from the maturation to the working zone, two general trends are visible: either the proportions of the elements increased or decreased. The latter trend could potentially be explained by the acidic pH of the gastropod saliva, which awaits further investigations.
Leistungsfähigkeit der McDonald-Kriterien von 2017
Authors: Konen Franz Felix , Schwenkenbecher Philipp , Wattjes Mike P. , Skripuletz Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die schnelle und zuverlässige Diagnose einer Multiplen Sklerose (MS) ist entscheidend, um eine angepasste verlaufsmodifizierende Therapie zu beginnen. Die 2017-Revision der McDonald-Kriterien hat das Ziel, eine einfachere und frühzeitigere MS-Diagnose mit hoher diagnostischer Genauigkeit zu ermöglichen.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die publizierten Arbeiten, die die Anwendung der McDonald-Kriterien von 2017 und 2010 miteinander verglichen haben, ausgewertet und bezüglich der diagnostischen Leistungsfähigkeit analysiert.

Material und Methoden
Mittels Literaturrecherche in der PubMed-Datenbank (Suchbegriff: McDonald criteria 2010 and McDonald criteria 2017) wurden 20 Studien und ein Übersichtsartikel mit insgesamt 3006 auswertbaren Patienten identifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Bei Anwendung der McDonald-Kriterien von 2017 konnte die Diagnose einer MS bei mehr Patienten (2277/3006 Patienten, 76 %) und in einem früheren Stadium (3–10 Monate) verglichen mit der Revision von 2010 (1562/3006 Patienten, 52 %) gestellt werden. Von den zusätzlichen MS-Diagnosen sind 193/715 auf die Anpassung der bildgebenden Kriterien der zeitlichen Dissemination und 536/715 auf die Einführung der oligoklonalen Banden als diagnostisches Kriterium zurückführen.

Diskussion
Die revidierten McDonald-Kriterien von 2017 erlauben die Diagnosestellung einer MS bei einem höheren Anteil an Patienten beim ersten klinischen Ereignis.
Applications of data fusion in optical coordinate metrology: a review
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi Michael , Catalucci Sofia , Thompson Adam , Leach Richard , Piano Samanta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractData fusion enables the characterisation of an object using multiple datasets collected by various sensors. To improve optical coordinate measurement using data fusion, researchers have proposed numerous algorithmic solutions and methods. The most popular examples are the Gaussian process (GP) and weighted least-squares (WLS) algorithms, which depend on user-defined mathematical models describing the geometric characteristics of the measured object. Existing research on GP and WLS algorithms indicates that GP algorithms have been widely applied in both academia and industry, despite their use being limited to applications on relatively simple geometries. Research on WLS algorithms is less common than research on GP algorithms, as the mathematical tools used in the WLS cases are too simple to be applied with complex geometries. Machine learning is a new technology that is increasingly being applied to data fusion applications. Research on this technology is relatively scarce, but recent work has highlighted the potential of machine learning methods with significant results. Unlike GP and WLS algorithms, machine learning algorithms can autonomously learn the geometrical features of an object. To understand existing research in-depth and explore a path for future work, a new taxonomy of data fusion algorithms is proposed, covering the mathematical background and existing research surrounding each algorithm type. To conclude, the advantages and limitations of the existing methods are reviewed, highlighting the issues related to data quality and the types of test artefacts.
Genomic and metabolic features of Bacillus cereus, inhibiting the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by synthesizing secondary metabolites
Authors: Hu Jinghan , Dong Baozhu , Wang Dong , Meng Huanwen , Li Xiaojuan , Zhou Hongyou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigated the biocontrol mechanism of Bacillus cereus CF4-51 to find powerful microbes that effectively control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To assess its inhibitory effect on fungal growth, the plant pathogen (S. sclerotiorum) was co-cultured with Bacillus cereus. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of S. sclerotiorum treated with CF4-51 biofumigant. The expression of sclerotium formation-related genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. We performed whole genome sequencing of CF4-51 by PacBio Sequel platform. Lipopeptides were extracted from strain CF4-51 according to the method of hydrochloric acid precipitation and methanol dissolution. The volatiles CF4-51 were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We found that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by CF4-51 damaged the S. sclerotiorum hyphae and inhibited the formation of sclerotia. The qRT-PCR data revealed the down-regulated expression of the genes involved in sclerotial formation. Moreover, we analyzed the B. cereus CF4-51 genome and metabolites. The genome consisted of 5.35 Mb, with a GC content of 35.74%. An examination of the genome revealed the presence of several gene clusters for the biosynthesis of antibiotics, siderophores, and various other bioactive compounds, including those belonging to the NRPS-like, LAP, RIPP-like, NRPS, betalactone, CDPS, terpene, ladderane, ranthipeptide, and lanthipeptide (class II) categories. A gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified 45 VOCs produced by strain CF4-51. Among these, technical grade formulations of five were chosen for further study: 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-,1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, Dibutyl phthalate, Cyclododecane, Heptadecane. the five major constituents play important roles in the antifungal activity of the VOCs CF4-51 on the growth of S. sclerotiorum. The secondary metabolites produced by strain CF4-51are critical for the inhibition of S. sclerotiorum hyphal growth and sclerotial formation.
Geographical Inequalities in Access to Bellwether Procedures in Brazil
Authors: Faleiro Matheus Daniel , Fernandez Miguel Godeiro , Santos Jéssica Moreira , Menezes Catarina Ester Gomes , Lima João Vitor Sabadine , Haddad Júlia Oliveira Dabien , Viana Sofia Wagemaker , Alonso Nivaldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrazil is a middle‐income country that aims to provide universal health coverage, but its surgical system's efficiency has rarely been analyzed. In an effort to strengthen surgical national systems, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed bellwether procedures as quality indicators of surgical workforces. This study aims to evaluate regional inequalities in access to bellwether procedures and their associated mortality across the five Brazilian geographical regions.
MethodsUsing DATASUS, Brazil's national healthcare database, data were collected on the total amount of performed bellwether procedures—cesarean section, laparotomy, and open fracture management—and their associated mortality, by geographical region. We evaluated the years 2018–2020, both in emergent and elective conditions. Statistical analysis was performed by one‐way ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.ResultsDuring this period, DATASUS registered 2,687,179 cesarean sections, 1,036,841 laparotomies, and 648,961 open fracture treatments. The access and associated mortality related to these procedures were homogeneous between the regions in elective care. There were significant geographical inequalities in access and associated mortality in emergency care (p < 0.05, 95% CI) for all bellwether procedures. The Southeast, the most economically developed region of the country, was the region with the lowest amount of bellwether procedures per 100,000 inhabitants.ConclusionBrazil's public surgical system is competent at promoting elective surgical care, but more effort is needed to fortify emergency care services. Public policies should encourage equity in the geographic allocation of the surgical workforce.
Compressibilities along the magnetite–magnesioferrite solid solution
Authors: Melai C. , Boffa Ballaran T. , Uenver-Thiele L. , Kurnosov A. , Chumakov A. I. , Bessas D. , Frost D. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo calculate the thermodynamic properties of recently discovered high-pressure mixed valence iron oxides in the system Fe–Mg–O, information on the equation of state of precursor inverse spinel phases along the magnetite–magnesioferrite join is needed. The existing equation of state data, particularly for magnesioferrite, are in poor agreement and no data exist for intermediate compositions. In this study, the compressibility of nearly pure magnesioferrite as well as of an intermediate $${{\mathrm{Mg}}_{0.5}}^{\vphantom{2+}}\mathrm{Fe}_{0.5}^{2+}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}^{3+}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}^{\vphantom{2+}}$$

Mg

0.5

Fe

0.5

2
+

Fe

2

3
+

O

4

sample have been investigated for the first time up to approximately 19 and 13 GPa, respectively, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. Samples were produced in high-pressure synthesis experiments to promote a high level of cation ordering, with the obtained inversion parameters larger than 0.83. The room pressure unit cell volumes, V0, and bulk moduli, KT0, could be adequately constrained using a second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state, which yields V0 = 588.97 (8) Å3 and KT0 = 178.4 (5) GPa for magnesioferrite and V0 = 590.21 (5) Å3 and KT0 = 188.0 (6) GPa for the intermediate composition. As magnetite has KT0 = 180 (1) GPa (Gatta et al. in Phys Chem Min 34:627–635, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-007-0177-3), this means the variation in KT0 across the magnetite–magnesioferrite solid solution is significantly non-linear, in contrast to several other Fe–Mg spinels. The larger incompressibility of the intermediate composition compared to the two end-members may be a peculiarity of the magnetite–magnesioferrite solid solution caused by an interruption of Fe2+–Fe3+ electron hopping by Mg cations substituting in the octahedral site.
Erfüllte Gegenwart und Rhythmus des Lebens
Authors: Kipke Roland 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang von Zeit und gutem Leben wurde bereits für eine Reihe medizinischer Disziplinen und Praktiken herausgearbeitet. Doch welche Rolle spielt die Zeitlichkeit des guten Lebens für die Medizin insgesamt? Das ist die leitende Frage dieses Artikels. Dabei wird das gute Leben als sinnvolles Leben verstanden. In diesem Sinne wird für eine zweifache medizinische Relevanz der Zeitlichkeit des guten Lebens argumentiert: Erstens besteht der Sinn medizinischer Behandlungen in der Ermöglichung erfüllter Gegenwart. Zweitens kann und sollte ebendies u. a. durch die Wahrung und Wiederherstellung der chronobiologischen Rhythmen geschehen.
Tofacitinib in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kutschera Maximilian , Novacek Gottfried , Reinisch Walter , Högenauer Christoph , Petritsch Wolfgang , Haas Thomas , Moschen Alexander , Dejaco Clemens 
Published: December 2022

SummaryUlcerative colitis (UC) is one of the main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the widening range of drug treatment options, primary nonresponse, secondary loss of response as well as adverse events call for additional treatment alternatives.Tofacitinib is an oral small-molecule drug of the class of Janus kinase inhibitors which, in the European Union, was approved for the treatment of moderate to severe active UC in August 2018. This position paper, drawn up by the IBD Working Group of the Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, summarizes the mechanism of action, clinical development, marketing authorization status, efficacy and safety of tofacitinib. Also, by providing a synopsis of available data from both pivotal and post-marketing studies, clinical aspects of specific interest are highlighted and discussed.The available body of evidence indicates that tofacitinib is an additional effective medication for the treatment of UC that exhibits a good safety profile. This position paper aims at optimizing the safe and effective use of tofacitinib in daily clinical practice.