bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Technological Growth on Policing Performance in Ghana
Authors: Okafor Mary Akusua , Obika Esther Abenaa 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvements of technological growths on performance of police officers and suggest the best ways to enhance technology use in the Ghana Police Service.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design survey. The sampling techniques used were simple random sampling. Raw data from respondents was obtained using questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically and by looking for patterns. They were presented in the form of narrative and verbatim quotations. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics includes percentages and means. They were presented in tables, graphs and pie charts.
Findings: The results of the study established that the performance of police officers has greatly improved due to growth of technology. The study established that there was use of technology in Ghana police service though not very much advanced.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Globalization and new technologies have facilitated certain cyber-criminal operations, thereby placing an additional burden on law enforcement agencies.
Recommendation: The study recommends the government of Ghana should increase the allocation of funds to the National Police Service for the acquisition of updated equipment, to provide training at appropriate levels in forensic techniques and in technological skills for policy makers and law enforcement and investigative personnel, introduce appropriate procedural and substantive laws to deal with crimes committed in an electronic environment and raise public awareness, on the appropriate use of the internet.
Influence of Intra-Regional Trading on Uganda's Economic Progress
Authors: Biko Millicent Akello , Apio Joseph Mbabazi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the trade impact of the EAC Customs Union and to analyze the impact of intra-EAC trade on Uganda's economic growth.
Methodology: The study employed serial data and a non-experimental study design. Regression analysis was used capturing causal relationships between variables and measuring the impact of trading and shaping within the EAC customs union.
Findings: The finding shows that after the formation of the custom union, the volume of trade in Uganda has increased proportionately by 0.9083 percent.
Conclusion: The effect of the custom union on Uganda intra-EAC trade, the EAC dummy coefficient was also found to be positive and statistically significant.
Recommendation: The study recommended the formation of the EAC Customs Union which is an important step in the process of deepening regional integration among its members.
Significance of Entrepreneurship Education of Small and Micro Businesses in Communication and Information Technology Sector in Pretoria region in South Africa
Authors: Adaeze Thomas Strydom , Mashinini  Barry 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entrepreneurship training on performance of small and micro enterprises in Information Communication Technology sector in Pretoria town.
Methodology: Mixed method research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data collected from the open-ended questions was analyzed through content analysis.
Results: The study revealed that lecture method was mostly used during trainings and trainees preferred discussions or participatory methods. Business characteristics statistically significantly moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship training and firm performance. That is, as age of the business, size of the business and education level of the owner of the business increases, the more positive impact the entrepreneurship training has on firm performance.
Conclusion: The government needs to regulate and broaden the curriculum of entrepreneurship training.
Recommendation: The study recommends that trainers should conduct training needs assessments before conducting entrepreneurship trainings. Trainers should give equitable emphasis on entrepreneurial skills, managerial skills, and technical skills training. Still, trainers need to review their training methods in line with the training needs and the trainees’ expectations.
Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin D to Curb Rickets in Children under Five Years in India
Authors: Akram Ahmed , Hasan Nauman Hadi , Ikram Ali Ayesha , Khan Tayyab Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Rickets is a common disorder among children under five years mostly in the developing countries. It negatively affect normal growth and development of children thereby reducing their genetic potential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cause of rickets in children under five years and solutions available.
Methodology: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional approach and was conducted in the pediatric outpatients department of the Guru Tegh Bahadur (GTB) Hospital & University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) Delhi. The study period was one year from September 2021 to September 2022 on 130 diagnosed cases of the rickets. Patients were enrolled via non- probability convenient sampling technique and a set developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through self-structured questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26.
Findings: The study found out that giving getting enough of both vitamin D and calcium is crucial to maintaining bone health and protecting against disorders like osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by weak, brittle bones. While the daily value (DV) of vitamin D is 800 IU per day, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) differs slightly depending on your age. Children and adults ages 1–70 need approximately 600 IU of vitamin D per day. This can come from a combination of food sources and sunlight. Adults over 70 should aim for at least 800 IU (20 mcg) of vitamin D per day. The RDA for calcium also varies by age. Children ages 4–8 need about 1,000 mg of calcium daily. Children ages 9–18 need approximately 1,300 mg daily. Adults ages 19–50 need about 1,000 mg daily. Over the age of 50, most people need 1,200 mg per day.
Conclusion: The study conclude that children aged between one and three years are more susceptible to rickets than children between four and five years. The study also conclude that lower socioeconomic background, male gender, exclusive breastfeeding, unbalanced nutrition and mother’s poor nutritional status all contribute to high incidences of rickets in children under five years. Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption in your body. This plays a key role in maintaining bone strength and skeletal integrity.
Recommendations: Supplements should be added in the diet of children during breastfeeding. Also, there should be adequate sunlight exposure of children. Finally, malnutrition of both children and mothers should be treated.
Kenyan Female Lecturers' Ambitions for Leadership and Perceived Challenges
Authors: Kimani  Margaret Nyambura , Otieno  Stephen Omondi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether there was a relationship between learned helplessness and the low involvement of women in leadership positions in higher education.
Methodology: All of the female lecturers at KU were the study's target audience. It used a descriptive survey design. 50 female lecturers representing all the university's academic departments were chosen using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather the information. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methodologies.
Results: The survey found that female instructors have high aspirations for leadership. They have shaky opinions about their possibilities of rising to positions of leadership, nevertheless.
Conclusion: Only two female professors, or 4.3 percent, have sought for leadership roles in higher education, despite the fact that they are competent for these positions.
Recommendations: The study also advised the university to conduct a survey to learn why women are underrepresented in leadership positions and to encourage leadership training programs for female academicians. The study recommended the government appoint more women in decision-making positions, such as parliament, and ensure compliance with gender equality as required by the constitution.
The Influence of E-Procurement on the Effectiveness of Micro-scale and Medium-sized Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Masuku  Gert Jabulani , Hlongwane   Jeremy 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this survey was to look into how e-procurement affected the performance of small and medium-sized businesses in Cape Town, South Africa.
Methodology: The descriptive research approach was used. 3000 small and medium-sized businesses operating in Cape Town, South Africa, were the target population. 97 owners or managers of Small and Medium Sized Businesses made up the sample size. Owners and managers of Small and Medium Sized Businesses made up the observational unit. Using a stratified random selection approach, 97 respondents were chosen from the target demographic.
Findings: According to the study, e-tendering had no appreciable impact on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Cape Town, South Africa. However, the performance of small and medium enterprises in Cape Town is significantly impacted by e-sourcing. E-invoicing also has a big influence on Cape Town's small and medium enterprises' performance. Additionally, e-payment has a big impact on Cape Town, South Africa's Small and Medium Enterprises' performance.
Conclusion: E-tendering has a marginally beneficial impact on Cape Town SMEs' performance. However, the majority of SMEs do not have an online system for managing supplier contracts that simplifies the tendering procedure.
Recommendations: Small and medium-sized businesses should adopt and use e-tendering, according to the study's recommendations, to streamline the procurement process and reduce associated expenses. Additionally, small and medium-sized businesses should switch to electronic invoicing to save money on the costs of printing, storing, and shipping paper invoices. The report also suggests that all small and medium-sized businesses implement e-payment to boost productivity by increasing payment efficiency and lowering mistakes associated with cash transactions. Additionally, small and medium-sized businesses should use e-sourcing since it expands their access to a wide range of suppliers and speeds up the contract award process.
Images of Justice: Contemporary Art in Retfærd. Nordic Journal of Law and Justice
Authors: Hammerslev Ole 
Published: December 2022

Many of the texts written about the relationship between law and art have background in the perception of art that existed before the manifestation of idea based and conceptual art in the 1960s. By contrast, this paper examines how contemporary art visually portrays justice from a variety of themes and aesthetic expressions. It takes background in cover pages of a Nordic journal Retfærd. Nordic Journal of Law and Justice, which has exhibited contemporary art works since 2006. The paper discusses artworks that represent both thematic and aesthetic down strokes, to illustrate the variety in the artists’ and art’s engagement with law. Moreover, since all the artworks are contemporary, they illustrate issues of societal concern, not least images about the wars in the aftermath of the terror attacks on 9/11, identity formation and commerce.
Power, Violence, and the Paradox of Founding in John Ford’s The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance: An Arendtian Approach
Authors: Dees Russell L. 
Published: December 2022

John Ford’s The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance is widely regarded as one of his best and darkest films and as a deep meditation on the American foundation myth. This article examines issues raised by John Ford’s film through distinctions Hannah Arendt developed between ‘power’ and ‘violence’ in her 1969 essay “On Violence” and through her analysis of foundation myths in her 1963 book On Revolution and places them in a broader context of political philosophy. Through this conceptual apparatus, we may gain new insight into the way John Ford’s film grapples with issues of law and politics. Moreover, the film provides concrete illustrations of some of the more abstract concepts in Hannah Arendt’s writings.
China’s Sustainability Challenges
Authors: Novaretti Simona 
Published: December 2022

The paper investigates how the leaders of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have re-interpreted the three kinds of “equity” generally considered implicit in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely inter-generational, intra-generational, and inter-gender equity, to fit the country’s context. To what extent is China’s recent “return to Confucius” paving the way to the use of the law as an instrument of “social moralization”? What impact is this trend having on the achievement of sustainable development within Chinese society? The following sections will answer these questions, showing if, how, and with what consequences, Chinese traditional values have recently undergone a “creative renovation”, in order to support, on the one hand, PRC government’s commitment to reach SDGs and to back, on the other, its attempt to resew Chinese social fabric, worn out by the dramatic economic development experienced by the country in the last decades.
Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor Associated-Macrophages and Microvessel Density in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Elgezawy Doaa Elsayed , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey El Din , Mabrouk Maaly M. , El-Gamal Basma Mostafa , Fonseca Rafael 
Published: December 2022

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is described as an increase in malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM), which is linked with end-organ damage including kidney failure, lytic bone lesion, anemia, and immunosuppression. This study evaluated the degree of tumor-associated macrophages infiltration and its diagnostic value in newly identified multiple myeloma cases.
Methods: This retrospective study included 100 patients who had multiple myeloma. Patients were classified as follow: Patients with low Tumor associated macrophages, patients with high tumor associated macrophages, cases with low grade micro vessel density and patients with high grade micro vessel density. All cases underwent to detailed history taking, Clinical assessment, bone scan and laboratory tests including Immunohistochemistry of BM biopsy samples to confirm diagnosis of abnormal plasma cells (CD138 and monoclonal light chain).
Results: There was a strong positive correlation between CD163 and CD68. There was a strong positive correlation between MVD and CD68. There was a strong positive correlation between MVD and CD163. There was decreased overall survival with increased CD 68 TAMs content with median OS (50 months) in low CD 68 TAMs vs. (16.5 months) in high CD 68 TAMs. There was decreased overall survival with increased CD163 TAMs content with median OS (49.3 months) in low CD 163 TAMs vs. (25.6 months) in high CD 163 TAMs. There was decreased overall survival with increased MVD with median OS (54.6 months) in low MVD vs. (25.6 months) in high MVD.
Conclusions: Important role of TAMs expression and MVD in the prognosis of the multiple myeloma, as the elevated TAMs expression and high grade MVD associated with poor prognosis.
Manufacture of n-Propyl Propionate Using Ion Exchange Resins: Reaction Kinetics and Feasibility of Reactive Distillation
Authors: Devale Reshma R. , Deogharkar Bipin S. , Mahajan Yogesh S. 
Published: December 2022

Reaction kinetics of esterification of propionic acid with 1-propanol to produce n-propyl propionate using Amberlyst-15 as a catalyst was investigated in this work. Effect of various parameters was studied. Initially, the efficacy of different catalysts was investigated which revealed that Amberlyst-15 can be suitably used for the reaction. This was followed by mass transfer exclusion which included effect of agitation speed, catalyst size and calculation of Weisz-Prater Criterion. Parameters selected for kinetic study were mole ratio of propionic acid to 1-propanol, temperature, catalyst loading and initial water concentration. Catalyst reusability was also verified. Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) was used to regress kinetic parameters and a good match was obtained. Reactive Distillation (RD) runs in the batch mode were performed which showed that RD is a better option for process intensification (PI) for this reaction. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Prediction of Naphthalene Bioaccumulation Using an Adipocyte Cell Line Model
Authors: Viravaidya Kwanchanok , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA long‐term goal of this research is to develop an in vitro model to study the metabolism, distribution, and fate of chemicals or pharmaceuticals in animals and humans. An important component of such a system is an in vitro model to study bioaccumulation of specific chemicals in adipose tissue. Due to the difficulties in maintaining primary adipocytes in culture and conducting reproducible experiments, transformed adipocyte cell lines have been used as an alternative. In this paper, several rodent preadipocyte cell lines (3T3‐L1, 3T3‐F442A, and TA1 cells) that differentiate into adipocytes when exposed to the appropriate stimuli are tested as an investigative tool to study naphthalene accumulation. The in vitro model is tested by comparison of its performance to that of primary adipocytes. All the experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that naphthalene accumulation is primarily dependent on the level of intracellular lipid. Furthermore, the level of naphthalene bioaccumulation is linearly correlated with the amount of triglyceride content with the slope of 37.7 ± 0.5 μg of naphthalene/(mg of triglyceride). Indomethacin/dexamethasone/insulin are shown to be more effective in promoting preadipocyte differentiation than methylisobutylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin. Additionally, external factors, such as the presence of albumin and serum in the medium, affect the cellular naphthalene uptake by decreasing the amount of naphthalene transported into fat cells. Among the three cell lines tested, 3T3‐L1 adipocytes accumulated the highest intracellular lipid and, hence, yielded the highest level of naphthalene accumulation. Its ability to accumulate naphthalene is comparable to that of primary adipocytes. The 3T3‐L1 adipocyte model is appropriate for studying the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics that are aromatic hydrocarbons.
Competitive Immunosorbent Assays Using Ligand−Enzyme Conjugates and Bifunctional Liposomes: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Jones Matthew A. , Kilpatrick Peter K. , Carbonell Ruben G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo models of immunoadsorbent assays are developed that describe the competitive adsorption of labeled antigen and unlabeled analyte to antibody binding sites immobilized on a solid surface. In the first model, a small labeled antigen and a small unlabeled analyte compete with only binding site limitations and no steric limitations. A multicomponent Langmuir isotherm results that is sufficient to quantify competitive adsorption. This model can describe, with no adjustable parameters, the data of competitive assays for biotin using biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (B‐HRP) over a wide range of anti‐biotin antibody (ABA) surface densities. In the second model, the small unlabeled analyte competes with a large colloidal particle containing many antigens and enzyme labels attached to its surface. This model quantifies the steric interference that large particles can experience upon binding (large ligand effect) due to the lower probability of finding an available area of the right size to accommodate the larger adsorbent. This large ligand model also takes into account the increased probability of binding a large particle due to the larger number of antibody binding sites covered per collision. The resulting model is used to analyze the competitive assay data of biotin competing with liposomes to which many biotin and HRP molecules have been conjugated. This analysis is of interest because previous work has shown that these bifunctional liposomes can reduce the detection limit for antigens in bulk solution relative to assays performed with conventional small labeled antigens.
A photoion–photoelectron coincidence study of Kr and Xe dimers
Authors: Norwood K. , Luo G. , Ng C. Y. 
Published: July 2002

The photoion–photoelectron coincidence (PIPECO) spectra for Kr+2 and Xe+2 in the wavelength regions of 825–970 and 900–1030 Å, respectively, have been measured at different nozzle temperatures and stagnation pressures (P0). The ionization energies (IE) for Kr2 and Xe2 to Kr+2[I(1/2)u] and Xe+2[I(1/2)u] determined by the PIPECO spectra are in excellent agreement with the results of previous photoionization experiments. The PIPECO measurements for Kr+2 and Xe+2 also provide lower limits for the IEs of Kr2 and Xe2 to Kr+2[II(1/2)u] and Xe+2[II(1/2)u]. The PIPECO spectra for Kr+2 and Xe+2 display strong autoionization structures similar to those resolved in the corresponding photoionization efficiency spectra, indicating that a significant fraction of autoionizing electrons are slow electrons with near zero kinetic energies. The extreme weakness of the Kr+2[II(1/2)u] and
Xe+2[II(1/2)u] PIPECO bands observed at low P0 support the conclusion that excited Kr+2[II(1/2)u] and Xe+2[II(1/2)u] ions are dissociative with dissociation lifetimes shorter than 68 and 85 μs, respectively. These values are in accord with the calculated radiative lifetimes for the II(1/2)u→I(1/2)g transitions in Kr+2 and Xe+2. The intensities for the II(1/2)u PIPECO bands relative to the I(1/2)u and I(3/2)g PIPECO bands for Kr+2 and Xe+2 are found to increase as P0 is increased, an observation attributed to the formation of Kr+2 and Xe+2 from fragmentation of excited Kr+n and Xe+n ions produced in the photoionization of Krn and Xen, n≥3. The fragmentation of excited Kr+n and Xe+n , n≥3, ions have the effect of lowering the appearance energies for the Kr+2[II(1/2)u] and Xe+2[II(1/2)u] PIPECO bands.