bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gemfibrozil, a lipid‐lowering drug, reduces anxiety, enhances memory, and improves brain oxidative stress in d‐galactose‐induced aging mice
Authors: Hakimizadeh Elham , Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Borisov Vitaliy Viktorovich , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Ehsani Vahid , Kaeidi Ayat , Hassanshahi Jalal , Khajehasani Fatemeh , Movahedinia Sajjadeh , Fatemi Iman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGemfibrozil (GFZ) is a lipid‐lowering drug with several other effects, such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. In the current study, chronic d‐galactose treatment (d‐gal, 150 mg/kg/day; i.p., 6 weeks) induced a model of accelerated aging in male mice and was used to study the behavioral, anti‐oxidative, and neuroprotective effects of GFZ (100 mg/kg/day; p.o.). Anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus‐maze while working memory was measured by spontaneous alternation in a Y‐maze. Brain oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Neuropathological evaluation of the brain with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome staining was also performed. The results demonstrated that the anxious‐like phenotype and the cognitive impairments observed in d‐gal‐treated mice could be prevented in those animals coadministered with GFZ. Besides, the decrease in SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activities and increase of MDA levels were also prevented in the brains of d‐gal plus GFZ treated mice. Preliminary hematoxylin–eosin staining also suggested neuroprotective effects of GFZ. The results of Masson's trichrome staining showed no evidence of fibrosis in brain sections of different experimental groups. The current data provide novel insights into GFZ in the d‐galactose‐induced aging mouse model that open promising future research lines to determine inflammatory mediators and cell signaling underlying these effects.
Hyphae move matter and microbes to mineral microsites: Integrating the hyphosphere into conceptual models of soil organic matter stabilization
Authors: See Craig R. , Keller Adrienne B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Kennedy Peter G. , Weber Peter K. , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAssociations between soil minerals and microbially derived organic matter (often referred to as mineral‐associated organic matter or MAOM) form a large pool of slowly cycling carbon (C). The rhizosphere, soil immediately adjacent to roots, is thought to control the spatial extent of MAOM formation because it is the dominant entry point of new C inputs to soil. However, emphasis on the rhizosphere implicitly assumes that microbial redistribution of C into bulk (non‐rhizosphere) soils is minimal. We question this assumption, arguing that because of extensive fungal exploration and rapid hyphal turnover, fungal redistribution of soil C from the rhizosphere to bulk soil minerals is common, and encourages MAOM formation. First, we summarize published estimates of fungal hyphal length density and turnover rates and demonstrate that fungal C inputs are high throughout the rhizosphere–bulk soil continuum. Second, because colonization of hyphal surfaces is a common dispersal mechanism for soil bacteria, we argue that hyphal exploration allows for the non‐random colonization of mineral surfaces by hyphae‐associated taxa. Third, these bacterial communities and their fungal hosts determine the chemical form of organic matter deposited on colonized mineral surfaces. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates that omission of the hyphosphere from conceptual models of soil C flow overlooks key mechanisms for MAOM formation in bulk soils. Moving forward, there is a clear need for spatially explicit, quantitative research characterizing the environmental drivers of hyphal exploration and hyphosphere community composition across systems, as these are important controls over the rate and organic chemistry of C deposited on minerals.
Response to and outcomes of the Pfizer BNT162B2 vaccine in hemodialysis patients—A prospective observational study
Authors: Al‐Muhaiteeb Abdullah , AlSahow Ali , Al‐Yousef Anas , AlHelal Bassam , Alrajab Heba , Bahbahani Yousif , dewidar Noha , Fanous George N. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 infection is associated with high mortality among hemodialysis patients. Standard vaccine response is generally lower among these patients. The adequate antibody titer response and the outcome of COVID‐19 vaccine responders versus non‐responders are unknown.MethodsHemodialysis patients on maintenance hemodialysis who have received two doses of Pfizer BNT162B2 vaccine were studied. Antibody response was tested after 14 days of the second dose. LIAISON SARS‐CoV2 S1/S2 IgG test by DiaSorin (Italy) was used to assess antibody response. Patients were followed between 3 and 7 months after vaccination for COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization and death related to COVID‐19.FindingsA total of 138 patients received two doses of Pfizer BNT162B2 vaccine. One hundred and twenty‐seven patients had adequate response to the vaccine with IgG level ≥ 15 AU/ml versus 11 patients had poor response with IgG level ≤ 15 AU/ml. The response was 92% (127/138). Patient with history of prior COVID‐19 infection had higher antibody titer mean of 339 ± 113 versus 157 ± 140 for patient with no prior history of COVID‐19.Seven patients in both groups had COVID‐19 infection post vaccine. Among the responders, five patients had COIVD‐19 infection and two were hospitalized. These two patients had lower antibody titer of 23.9 and 75.2 AU/ml. In comparison, three patients who were not hospitalized had higher antibody titer 96.3, 118, and 319 AU/ml, respectively. In the non‐responders one patient was hospitalized and one death occurred with rate of infection of 18%.DiscussionSeropositive patients with low antibody titer might be associated with worse outcome among responders. The ideal antibody titer level among dialysis patient is not known. Also, prior COVID‐19 infection is associated with higher response to vaccine with higher antibody titer. All non‐responders did not have prior COVID‐19 infection. More research is required to further evaluated protective antibody titer.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of male pelvic fracture urethral injury
Authors: Horiguchi Akio , Edo Hiromi , Shinchi Masayuki , Ojima Kenichiro , Hirano Yusuke , Ito Keiichi , Shinmoto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe management of male pelvic fracture urethral injury remains a urological challenge. Pelvic fracture urethral injury can be associated with sequelae, such as urethral gap, erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Delayed anastomotic urethroplasty, the gold standard treatment for urethral gaps caused by pelvic fracture urethral injuries, is technically demanding, and reconstructive urologists should preoperatively obtain as much detailed anatomical information as possible. A combination of antegrade and retrograde urethrography is the fundamental preoperative evaluation, but it cannot accurately assess the urethral gap length, the degree of lateral prostatic displacement, the anatomical relationship of the urethra with its surrounding structures (such as the rectum and dorsal venous complex) or periurethral problems (such as minor fistulae or cavitation). To make up for these limitations of urethrography, magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a non‐invasive, multiplanar and high‐resolution modality for the evaluation of pelvic fracture urethral injury. Magnetic resonance imaging has excellent soft‐tissue contrast, and can clearly show the urethra and periurethral tissues without the effects of radiation, thus enabling clinicians to anticipate the required ancillary techniques for delayed anastomotic urethroplasty and to predict functional outcomes, such as erectile function and urinary continence, after delayed anastomotic urethroplasty. This review discusses the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pelvic fracture urethral injury and its impact on patient management.
Enterococcal biofilm—A nidus for antibiotic resistance transfer?
Authors: Conwell Michael , Dooley James S. G. , Naughton Patrick J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Enterococci, which are on the WHO list of priority pathogens, are commonly encountered in hospital acquired infection and are becoming increasing significant due to the development of strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. Enterococci are also important microorganisms in the environment, and their presence is frequently used as an indicator of faecal pollution. Their success is related to their ability to survive within a broad range of habitats and the ease by which they acquire mobile genetic elements, including plasmids, from other bacteria. The enterococci are frequently present within a bacterial biofilm, which provides stability and protection to the bacterial population along with an opportunity for a variety of bacterial interactions. Enterococci can accept extrachromosomal DNA both from within its own species and from other bacterial species, and this is enhanced by the proximity of the donor and recipient strains. It is this exchange of genetic material that makes the role of biofilms such an important aspect of the success of enterococci. There remain many questions regarding the most suitable model systems to study enterococci in biofilms and regarding the transfer of genetic material including antibiotic resistance in these biofilms. This review focuses on some important aspects of biofilm in the context of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in enterococci.
Physical resilience as a moderator of the relationship between frailty and disability in older adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Park Jungah , Lee JuHee , Lee Hyangkyu , Kim Sanghee , Kim Chang Oh , Park Chang Gi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsFrailty is a leading cause of deteriorating physical function of older adults with osteoarthritis. This study examined a model of frailty with the goals of (1) exploring the direct effect of osteoarthritic symptoms on disability and the mediating effect of frailty on disability and (2) determining whether both effects are moderated by physical resilience.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsData collection was conducted among patients 65–92 years of age (N = 235) who visited primary medical centres for the management of chronic arthritic pain between July and December 2019. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring osteoarthritic symptoms, frailty, physical resilience, and disability. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyse the conditional process model. This study was reported following the STROBE guidelines.ResultsFrailty was shown to be a mediator between osteoarthritic symptoms and disability. Furthermore, physical resilience played a role as a moderator in both the direct and indirect pathways of this mediating relationship.ConclusionThe findings emphasize the detrimental effects of osteoarthritic symptoms on disability through frailty, and the moderated mediation results suggest that these effects were conditional on physical resilience, which is a modifiable internal resource of individuals. When planning nursing interventions for older adults with osteoarthritis, nurses need to consider physical resilience as a moderator to prevent frailty and disability.
Missed nursing care: Testing the moderation‐mediation energetic and motivational pathways via a nested design
Authors: Srulovici Einav , Yanovich Ortal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine: (1) a motivational pathway where head nurse proactive leadership and nurse vigour are linked, which in turn correlates to missed nursing care, and might be moderated by workload; and (2) an energetic pathway where workload and nurse exhaustion are linked, which in turn correlates to missed nursing care, and might be moderated by head nurse proactive leadership.DesignA cross‐sectional design, with nurses nested in wards.MethodsDuring 2018, 196 nurses from 37 wards completed questionnaires that included the 22‐item MISSCARE survey; the 6‐item Work Demand subscale; the 10‐item Proactivity Personality scale; the 5‐item Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory; the 5‐item Vigour subscale of the Work Engagement scale; and nurse's and head nurse's sociodemographic characteristics. Moderation‐mediation models were performed using mixed‐linear model analyses.ResultsA moderation‐mediation motivational pathway was supported. Specifically, nurse vigour was higher under low workload when head nurse proactive leadership was high (β = −.09, p = .050), which in turn was associated with lower missed nursing care (β = −.10, p = .045). Yet, a moderation‐mediation energetic pathway was not supported. Specifically, nurse exhaustion was lower under low workload when head nurse proactive leadership was high (β = .14, p = .032), but no association was found between exhaustion and missed nursing care.ConclusionsThis study shows that there is a significant role for nurse agency and nurse ability to cope with scarce resources.ImpactTo date, research has focused mainly on the assumption that missed nursing care is a result of scarce resources. Findings indicate that even under scarce resources, nurses can be motivated to reduce missed nursing care. Emphasis should be placed on promoting and maximizing nurse motivation. This can be achieved by developing and implementing interventions of proactive leadership of head nurses.
Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis
Authors: Thorens Bernard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypoglycemia almost never develops in healthy individuals, because multiple hypoglycemia sensing systems, located in the periphery and in the central nervous system, trigger a coordinated counterregulatory hormonal response to restore normoglycemia. This involves not only the secretion of glucagon, but also of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. Increased hepatic glucose production is also stimulated by direct autonomous nervous connections to the liver that stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. This counterregulatory response, however, becomes deregulated in a significant fraction of diabetes patients that receive insulin therapy. This leads to the risk of developing hypoglycemic episodes, of increasing severity, which negatively impact the quality of life of the patients. How hypoglycemia is detected by the central nervous system is being actively investigated. Recent studies using novel molecular biological, optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques allow the characterization of glucose‐sensing neurons, the mechanisms of hypoglycemia detection, the neuronal circuits in which they are integrated and the physiological responses they control. This review discusses recent studies aimed at identifying central hypoglycemia sensing neuronal circuits, how neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and how they restore normoglycemia.
Digital approaches to facially guided orthodontic and periodontal rehabilitation in the anterior esthetic zone: A case report
Authors: Creagh Jesus , Bohner Lauren , Sesma Newton , Coachman Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present case report describes digital approaches to plan an orthodontic and periodontal rehabilitation at the anterior esthetic zone.Clinical ConsiderationsA young patient attended to the dental practice with esthetic concerns. The facially driven digital planning showed the need of an interdisciplinary treatment to improve smile harmony. Orthodontic treatment was conducted with aligners, followed by periodontal and restorative approaches. Tooth alignment was performed with 31 aligners, whereas eight aligners were used for refinement. Harmony between pink and white esthetics was improved with crown lengthening, followed by bleaching.ConclusionBy using a conservative approach, a successful esthetic result was achieved respecting functional and biological principles.Clinical SignificanceDigital resources can be used to the interdisciplinary esthetic planning taking into consideration the harmony between smile and face. This approach allows a predictable outcome of the treatment.
Effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Li Yao , Gao Yan , Hu Shuang , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Minyi , Yang Yi , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults living in the community and provide the latest evidence from published randomised controlled trials (RCTs).BackgroundThe number of frail older adults is rapidly increasing. Previous studies have reported that multicomponent exercise is one of the best types of intervention for increasing muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance for frail older adults. However, due to the small sample size and lack of evidential support, a meta‐analysis of RCTs remains necessary.MethodsRCTs reporting the effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults, published in English, were retrieved from five electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library available from their inception up to January 2021. RevMan5.3 software was adopted for statistical analysis. This study followed the PRSIMA checklist.ResultsA total of 10 articles and 667 patients were included in this study. Meta‐analysis showed that multicomponent exercise could improve the muscle strength [MD = 2.46, p = .007], muscle endurance [MD = 2.16, p = .03] and balance [MD = .39, p = .03] of frail older adults, and subgroup analysis showed the muscle endurance of frail older adults was significantly improved as the intervention lasted for >12 weeks.ConclusionsRCTs provided in this study show the latest evidence that multicomponent exercise can improve the muscle strength, endurance and balance of frail older adults and that long‐duration (>12weeks) multicomponent exercise is more effective for improving muscle endurance.Relevance to clinical practiceMulticomponent exercise contributes to improving the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults, so it can be considered as a complement to the physical function management programme for frail older adults.
Falling in and out of love: With and beyond Bourdieu on individual enchantment and disenchantment
Authors: Atkinson Will 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper engages with the theme of individual disenchantment, that is, the process of falling out of love with something that once gave pleasure and purpose. Drawing on the conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu, it sketches the process by which individuals become ‘enchanted’ with the stakes of different fields, the phenomenology of enchantment and disenchantment and several ideal typical modes of genesis of disenchantment. Attention is given to intra‐field dynamics but also, going beyond Bourdieu, inter‐field dynamics too. The final section considers the epistemological consequences of constructing trans‐field objects of inquiry.
Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Chen Shuohua , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Yanhong , Lan Yanqi , Jiang Xiaozhong , Gao Xiang , Wu Shouling , Wang Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe evidence of the relationship between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. Thus, we conducted a cohort‐based case‐control study to examine whether adherence to the DASH diet was associated with lower NAFLD risk in China.MethodsWe included 11 888 participants (2529 incident NAFLD and 9359 non‐NAFLD) from the Kailuan cohort with no history of hepatitis B/C infection and alcohol drinking. DASH score was calculated based on the energy‐adjusted consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy, beans, grains, meats, fat, sodium and beverage, collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used Logistic regression analysis to determine the NAFLD's risk according to the DASH score.ResultsHigher DASH score was associated with lower risk of NAFLD. Compared with the lowest quintile of DASH score, the highest DASH quintile had a lower risk of occurring NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70‐0.96) in the multivariate model. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association was only observed in women (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48‐0.94), and participants with overweight/obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.94), fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L (OR = 0.80, 95%: 0.67‐0.96), low density lipoprotein ≥3.4 mmol/L (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.96), high density lipoprotein ≥1.0 mmol/L (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69‐0.96), ALT < 40 U/L (OR = 0.79, 95% CI:0.67‐0.93) and C‐reactive protein ≥2.0 mg/L (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.78).ConclusionsAdherence to the DASH diet was inversely associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in the Chinese population. DASH diet should be highly recommended, especially for women and people with overweight/obesity and a high CRP level.
Algorithmic management in food‐delivery platform economy in China
Authors: Huang Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the organisation of work under algorithmic control in the platform economy. Based on a 1‐year ethnographic study conducted at top food‐delivery platforms in China, this study finds two main mechanisms for organising labour under algorithmic management: the virtual organisation of labour and algorithm‐driven labour process control. First, platform drivers are reorganised in an outsourced labour force, placed in application‐based virtual‐networked production under sophisticated technological infrastructure. Second, to habituate drivers to the virtual mode of production, food‐delivery platforms utilise four algorithm‐driven control techniques, which are identified as: smart machinery control, information monopoly, management by multi‐stakeholders, and ‘carrots and sticks’. The findings highlight the process of algorithmic design in configuring a digital managerial ecosystem for platform governance and contribute to emerging debates on algorithmic management.
Skin and Mucosal Manifestations in NEMO Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Kohn Lucinda L. , Braun Mitchell , Cordoro Kelly M. , McCalmont Timothy H. , Shah Sonal D. , Frieden Ilona J. , Mathur Anubhav N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the skin and mucosal findings of NEMO syndrome.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical characteristics from a cohort of two families with mutations inIKBKG(the NEMO‐encoding gene). A literature review identified 86 studies describing 192 patients withIKBKGmutations whose data were also included.SettingSingle center with literature review.ParticipantsPatients with mutations inIKBKGfrom our center and reported in the literature.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSkin and mucosal characteristics of patients with NEMO syndrome.ResultsIn addition to ectodermal dysplasia and recurrent infections, male patients had findings of ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, and inflammatory skin diseases. Both male and female patients had mucocutaneous ulcers and slow‐to‐heal chronic wounds. In combination with patients from the literature, 59% (85/144) of males had ectodermal dysplasia with anhidrosis (EDA) features, and 8% and 10% (12/144; 6/63) of males and females had dental findings, respectively. 4% (6/144) of males and 32% (20/63) of females had mucocutaneous ulcers. Ichthyosis/xerosis was present in 15% of males (21/144) but only 2% (1/63) females. Similarly, 13% (18/144) of male patients presented with dermatitis while this was reported in only 2% (1/63) of females.ConclusionsOur results both confirm and expand upon the known spectrum of mucocutaneous findings in NEMO syndrome. Further genetic studies are needed to correlate specific mutations to clinical and morphologic subtypes.