bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prediction model of brain death in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: A single-center retrospective and internal validation analysis
Authors: Itagaki Yuki , Hayakawa Mineji , Maekawa Kunihiko , Kodate Akira , Moriki Koyo , Takahashi Yuki , Sageshima Hisako 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

A shortage of donor organs amid a high demand for transplantable organs is a worldwide problem, and an increase in organ donation would be welcomed by the global healthcare system. Patients with brain death (BD) are potential organ donors, and early prediction of BD patients may facilitate the process of organ procurement. Therefore, we developed a model for early prediction of BD in patients who survived the initial phase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who were aged < 80 years, experienced OHCA with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and were admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2018. We categorized patients into either a non-BD or BD group. Demographic and laboratory data on ED admission were used for stepwise logistic regression. Prediction scores of BD after OHCA were based on β-coefficients of prognostic factors identified in the multivariable logistic model.
Results

Overall, 419 OHCA patients with ROSC were admitted to our hospital during the study period. Seventy-seven patients showed BD (18.3%). Age and OHCA etiology were significantly different between the groups. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age, low-flow time, pH, and etiology were independent predictors of BD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.786–0.876).
Conclusions

We developed and internally validated a new prediction model for BD after OHCA, which could aid in early identification of potential organ donors for early donor organ procurement.
The Determining Effective Testing in Emergency Departments and Care Coordination on Treatment Outcomes (DETECT) for Hepatitis C (Hep C) Screening Trial: Rationale and Design of a Multi-Center Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Hepatitis C Screening in Emergency Departments
Authors: Haukoos Jason , Rowan Sarah , Galbraith James , Rothman Richard , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Hopkins Emily , Houk Rachel , Toerper Matthew , Kamis Kevin , Morgan Jake , Linas Benjamin , Al-Tayyib Alia , Gardner Edward , Lyons Michael , Sabel Allison , White Douglas , Wyles David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Early identification of hepatitis C is a critical health priority, especially now that treatment options are available to limit further transmission and provide cure before long-term sequelae develop. Emergency departments (EDs) are important clinical settings for hepatitis C screening, given that EDs serve many at-risk patients who do not access other forms of healthcare. In this article, we describe the rationale and design of The Determining Effective Testing in Emergency Departments and Care Coordination on Treatment Outcomes (DETECT) for Hepatitis C (Hep C) Screening Trial. Methods: The DETECT Hep C Screening Trial is a multi-center prospective pragmatic randomized two-arm parallel-group superiority trial to test the comparative effectiveness of nontargeted and targeted hepatitis C screening in the ED with a primary hypothesis that nontargeted screening is superior to targeted screening when identifying newly-diagnosed hepatitis C. This trial will be performed in the EDs at Denver Health Medical Center (Denver, CO), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD), and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (Jackson, MS), sites representing approximately 225,000 annual adult visits, and designed using the PRECIS-2 framework for pragmatic trials. When complete, we will have enrolled a minimum of 125,000 randomized patient visits and have performed 13,965 hepatitis C tests. In Denver, the Screening Trial will serve as a conduit for a distinct randomized comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate linkage-to-hepatitis C care strategies. All sites will further contribute to embedded observational studies to assess cost effectiveness, disparities, and social determinants of health in screening, linkage-to-care, and treatment.Discussion: When complete, The DETECT Hep C Screening Trial will represent the largest ED-based pragmatic clinical trial to date and all studies, in aggregate, will significantly inform how to best perform ED-based hepatitis C screening.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04003454 Original Date: July 1, 2019 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04003454
The Potential of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide in
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Keramat Akram , Kadkhoda Jamileh , Farahzadi Raheleh , Fathi Ezzatollah , Davaran Soodabeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Nanotechnology is a pioneer field of study for engineering smart nanosystems
in targeted diagnosis and treatment in cancer therapy. Effective treatment for various
types of solid tumors should ideally target malignant cells and tissue while having no effect
on healthy cells in the body. Nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene
oxide (rGO) have phenomenal chemical versatility, high surface area ratio, and supernatural
physical properties. The synergistic effects caused by the well-defined assembly of
GO and rGO surface generate not only essential optical, mechanical, but also electronic
behaviors. In multimodal cancer therapy, developing innovative multifunctional hybrid
nanoparticles with significant potential is extensively considered. GO and rGO are programmable
targeted delivery systems infused with photonic energy that may be used in
photothermal treatment. Its remarkable properties indicated its applications as a biosensor,
bio-imaging for cancer diagnosis. In this current review, we show a remarkable highlight
about GO, rGO, and discuss the notable applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment,
and provide an overview of possible cellular signaling pathways that are affected
by GO, rGO in cancer treatment.
Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prominence of Initial Public Health Interference
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Ray Suman Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Since the first news of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which causes COVID-19, has spread worldwide, with more than 100 million people infected in over 210 countries and two million deaths. In the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351), Brazil (P.1), and India (B.1.617), independent SARS-CoV-2 lineages have recently been established. The virus accesses these variants via the angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor due to several mutations in the immune-dominant spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as significant strain on public health systems and the global economy, due to the severity and intensity at which it has spread. COVID-19 vaccines have shown to be highly successful in clinical trials and can be used to fight the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic’s environmental trends change at breakneck speed, making predictions based on traditional epidemiological knowledge particularly speculative. Following the first outbreak, the second wave of COVID-19 swept across the globe, infecting various countries. The third wave of coronavirus infection has already been experienced in a few countries. Many of us have said, "When this is over," but what exactly does that mean? Since the virus’s first-, second-, and third-order effects manifest over various time periods, the pandemic will not be considered ‘over’ until the ‘third phase’ of the COVID-19 pandemic has passed. It is the best time to take preventative steps and immunize ourselves with vaccines in order to prepare for the predicted third wave of COVID-19 in some countries. In order to effectively suppress and monitor the COVID-19 pandemic, early and timely measures with improved social distancing policies should be enforced. We must continue critical public health efforts to suppress transmission and reduce mortality while working toward the rollout of a safe and efficient vaccine, and we must have the patience to listen, learn, improve, innovate, and evolve.
Supporting Technologies for COVID-19 Prevention: Systemized Review
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Li Rui , Ma Yangmyung , Islam Iman , Rajper Abdul M Azam , Song WenZhan , Ren Hongliang , Tse Zion Tsz Ho 
Published: February 2022

Background
During COVID-19, clinical and health care demands have been on the rapid rise. Major challenges that have arisen during the pandemic have included a lack of testing kits, shortages of ventilators to treat severe cases of COVID-19, and insufficient accessibility to personal protective equipment for both hospitals and the public. New technologies have been developed by scientists, researchers, and companies in response to these demands.

Objective
The primary objective of this review is to compare different supporting technologies in the subjugation of the COVID-19 spread.

Methods
In this paper, 150 news articles and scientific reports on COVID-19–related innovations during 2020-2021 were checked, screened, and shortlisted to yield a total of 23 articles for review. The keywords “COVID-19 technology,” “COVID-19 invention,” and “COVID-19 equipment” were used in a Google search to generate related news articles and scientific reports. The search was performed on February 1, 2021. These were then categorized into three sections, which are personal protective equipment (PPE), testing methods, and medical treatments. Each study was analyzed for its engineering characteristics and potential social impact on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
A total of 9 articles were selected for review concerning PPE. In general, the design and fabrication of PPE were moving toward the direction of additive manufacturing and intelligent information feedback while being eco-friendly. Moreover, 8 articles were selected for reviewing testing methods within the two main categories of molecular and antigen tests. All the inventions endeavored to increase sensitivity while reducing the turnaround time. However, the inventions reported in this review paper were not sufficiently tested for their safety and efficiency. Most of the inventions are temporary solutions intended to be used only during shortages of medical resources. Finally, 6 articles were selected for the review of COVID-19 medical treatment. The major challenge identified was the uncertainty in applying novel ideas to speed up the production of ventilators.

Conclusions
The technologies developed during the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for review. In order to better respond to future pandemics, national reserves of critical medical supplies should be increased to improve preparation. This pandemic has also highlighted the need for the automation and optimization of medical manufacturing.
Acceptability of Web-Based Mental Health Interventions in the Workplace: Systematic Review
Authors: Scheutzow Johanna , Attoe Chris , Harwood Joshua 
Published: February 2022

Background
Web-based interventions have proven to be effective not only in clinical populations but also in the occupational setting. Recent studies conducted in the work environment have focused on the effectiveness of these interventions. However, the role of employees’ acceptability of web-based interventions and programs has not yet enjoyed a similar level of attention.

Objective
The objective of this systematic review was to conduct the first comprehensive study on employees’ level of acceptability of web-based mental health interventions based on direct and indirect measures, outline the utility of different types of web-based interventions for work-related mental health issues, and build a research base in the field.

Methods
The search was conducted between October 2018 and July 2019 and allowed for any study design. The studies used either qualitative or quantitative data sources. The web-based interventions were generally aimed at supporting employees with their mental health issues. The study characteristics were outlined in a table as well as graded based on their quality using a traffic light schema. The level of acceptability was individually rated using commonly applied methods, including percentile quartiles ranging from low to very high.

Results
A total of 1303 studies were identified through multiple database searches and additional resources, from which 28 (2%) were rated as eligible for the synthesis. The results of employees’ acceptability levels were mixed, and the studies were very heterogeneous in design, intervention characteristics, and population. Approximately 79% (22/28) of the studies outlined acceptability measures from high to very high, and 54% (15/28) of the studies reported acceptability levels from low to moderate (overlap when studies reported both quantitative and qualitative results). Qualitative studies also provided insights into barriers and preferences, including simple and tailored application tools as well as the preference for nonstigmatized language. However, there were multiple flaws in the methodology of the studies, such as the blinding of participants and personnel.

Conclusions
The results outline the need for further research with more homogeneous acceptability studies to draw a final conclusion. However, the underlying results show that there is a tendency toward general acceptability of web-based interventions in the workplace, with findings of general applicability to the use of web-based mental health interventions.
Pueblos-estación y organización del espacio arquitectónico en el ramal Yurécuaro-Los Reyes, Michoacán
Authors: Carrillo Vázquez Citlali Alejandra , Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio , Onofre Villalva María Fernanda 
Published: February 2022

A través de esta investigación se muestra cómo, además de las dinámicas comerciales y de movilidad poblacional, la vida cotidiana de las localidades del noroccidente de Michoacán cambió a partir de la introducción del ferrocarril, a principios del siglo XX. En particular, se analiza espacial y arquitectónicamente el transecto establecido en el ramal Yurécuaro-Los Reyes, desde su apertura en el porfiriato y hasta finales de la década de los cuarenta, cuando el dinamismo vinculado al tren entró en decadencia. Para el estudio histórico se realizaron trabajo de archivo y análisis de planos catastrales y arquitectónicos. La información de gabinete fue cotejada con trabajo de campo específico. El análisis histórico de los cambios espaciales y de la infraestructura ferroviaria permite comprender cómo las formas de vida de los pobladores se redireccionaron hacia el entorno cercano a las estaciones y al ramal, y permitieron un intercambio cultural más fluido con el exterior de la región.
A PRAXEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHER-DESIGNED MATHEMATICS COMICS
Authors: Putra Zetra Hainul , Dahnilsyah Dahnilsyah , Aljarrah Ayman 
Published: February 2022

Mathematical and didactic knowledge presented in mathematics textbooks and other resources, like mathematics comics (MCs), needs to be evaluated from a lens of appropriate theoretical framework in mathematics education before it can be used as a medium for teaching and learning mathematics.Therefore, this study investigates mathematical and didactic competencies that were reflected in MCs designed by pre-service elementary teachers. The framework for analysing mathematical knowledge embedded in these MCs is based on the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic, specifically a praxeology. This study utilized a content analysis technique within a qualitative approach. Thirteen MCs were analysed using a praxeological analysis; the type of task and techniques (praxis block) as well as the possible technology and theory (logos block). The findings demonstrate that the mathematical praxeologies embedded in MCs belong to five mathematical domains, namely numbers and operations; number theory; fractions, decimals, and percentages; ratio and proportion; as well as measurement. Additionally, the analysis revealed that seven of these MCs were related to a single domain, while the others belong to two or three mathematical domains. Concerning the mathematical praxeologies, most of MCs focus on presenting the practical blocks, the type of task and the techniques, while only a few could provide the theoretical lens to justify the practical blocks.
Injuries to the Peripheral Blood Vessels
Authors: Fox Charles J. 
Published: February 2022

Contributions from the armed conflicts of the 20th century have defined the standards for vessel ligation or repair of arterial and venous injuries. Since the Vietnam War, there has been considerable modernization in the battlefield medical environment, and forward surgical capability, expeditious evacuation and new and effective resuscitation strategies have provided the foundation for innovation and progress. Lessons learned during current US military operations continue to advance the practice of vascular trauma surgery, and these techniques are directly translated to surgical practices in trauma centers around the world. This review covers mechanisms and sites of extremity vascular injury, initial assessment, management, and special considerations. Figures show an avulsion injury, in which an artery is stretched, an algorithm for the workup of a patient with a potential extremity vascular injury, an algorithm for the management of complex extremity trauma, exposure of the axillary artery, exposure of the brachial artery, exposure of the femoral artery, medial exposure of the proximal and distal popliteal arteries, the two-incision technique for lower leg decompression in compartment syndrome, and incisions for forearm decompression in compartment syndrome.

This review contains 11 figures, 6 tables, and 84 references
Study protocol: Prosthesis versus Active (ProAct) exercise program in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis — a multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Beck Larsen Josefine , Thillemann Theis Muncholm , Launonen Antti P , Østergaard Helle Kvistgaard , Falstie-Jensen Thomas , Reito Aleksi , Lund Jensen Steen , Mechlenburg Inger 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and shoulder exercises are both effective treatments for reducing pain and improving function in glenohumeral osteoarthritis. However, the effectiveness of TSA has not been compared with non-surgical treatment in a randomized controlled trial. We will examine whether TSA followed bystandard postsurgical rehabilitation is superior to a 12-week exercise program in patients with primary glenohumeral OA who are eligible for unilateral TSA.
Patients and methods: In this Nordic multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis eligible for TSA will be allocated to either TSA followed by usual care or exercise only. The exercise intervention comprises 12 weeks of exercise with one weekly physiotherapist-supervised session. Based on the sample size calculation, the trial needs to include 102 patients.
Duration and outcome: Recruitment was initiated in April 2021 and is expected to be completed by the end of March 2024. Primary outcome is patient-reported quality of life, measured as total WOOS score 12 months after initiation of treatment. The key secondary outcomes include patient-reported pain intensity at rest and during activity; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (DASH);the use of analgesics during the previous week; and adverse events.
Trial registration: The trial is approved by the Central Denmark Region Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (Journal No 1-10-72-29-21) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency (Journal No 1-16-02-199-21). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04845074.
Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Keberhasilan Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Widia Ningsih Purwani , Dafit Febrina 
Published: February 2022

Keberhasilan belajar siswa dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya faktor lingkungan keluarga yaitu orang tua. Peran orang tua sangat penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran orang tua terhadap keberhasilan belajar siswa dan mengetahui keberhasilan belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa dan orang tua berjumlah 31 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mereduksi data, peragaan data dan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan orang tua sudah menjalankan perannya dalam keberhasilan belajar siswa. Terlihat dari hasil wawancara kebanyakan dari orang tua membantu mengerjakan tugas sekolah, menjelaskan pelajaran, memberikan fasilitas untuk kebutuhan belajar. Dari hasil angket respon orang tua berdasarkan indikator peran orang tua menunjukan positif sangat setuju dan setuju rata-rata sekitar 80% orang tua menjalankan peran nya sebagai pembimbing, motivator, dan fasilitator. Keberhasilan belajar siswa dilihat dari nilai ulangan dan tugas rata-rata siswa sudah mencapai kkm.
Postcards and Tourism Brands in Central Europe around 1900
Authors: MÂRZA Radu 
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses the development of tourism during the Belle Époque in Europe, especially in the Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) Empire, in connection to postcards, a postal product specific to the period. The analysis of the images on the postcards that circulated during the era in question leads to the identification of actual “brands” of the cities and regions of the Empire. Those “brands” are iconic images that the general public and visitors in particular automatically associated with the depicted places. The present paper discusses the cases of Vienna and Budapest, the two capitals of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the cases of cities like Bratislava, Cluj and Salzburg, spa resorts, places on the Adriatic Riviera, tourist places in Semmering and the Tatra Mountains, and those in the region of Tyrol.

Article history: Received 30.09.2020; Revised 15.02.2021; Accepted 8.05.2021; Available online 03.02.2022.

Rezumat: Ilustrate şi branduri turistice în Europa Centrală în jurul lui 1900. Articolul pune în discuţie dezvoltarea turismului în Belle Époque în Europa, mai precis în Imperiul Austriac (Austro-Ungar), în legătură cu cărţile poştale, un produs postal specific epocii. Analiza imaginilor de pe cărţile poştale care au circulat în epocă duce la identificarea unor adevărate ”branduri” ale oraşelor sau regiunilor Imperiului. Aceste ”branduri” sunt imagini iconice care devin asociate automat cu locurile respective, de către populaţie şi de către vizitatori. În cazul de faţă, am luat în considerare capitalele Viena şi Bratislava, oraşe precum Bratislava, Cluj sau Salzburg, staţiuni balneare, staţiuni de pe Riviera de la Marea Adriatică, localităţile turistice din munţii Semmering, Tatra şi din Tirol.
Cuvinte-cheie: istoria turismului, cărţi poştale, istorie vizuală, 1900, Austro-Ungaria
Corona-logy: A Re-Configuration of Racial Dynamics in Contemporary India
Authors: Dey Sayan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practice of racism is underpinned by various parameters: religion, geography, class, gender, and so forth. These underlying parameters have been faking their own insignificance and disappearance (Santos 2020) in such a systemic fashion that they successfully continue to operate in a naturalised and multiplicative manner in the contemporary era. For instance, let us look into the recent incidents of communal (stigmatisation of the Nizamuddin Markaz gathering), geographical (physical and verbal attacks on the local natives of Northeast India), class (chemical cleansing of the migrant workers), and gender (exclusion of the transgender community in relief packages) racism that India have been experiencing amidst the COVID-19 crisis. With respect to these aspects, this paper addresses the various ways through which COVID-19 is being used as a weapon to re-justify and re-configure the racial dynamics in contemporary India.