bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVIII-5 Harvesting Pigs with Phytase and No Inorganic Phosphorus! is That Possible?
Authors: de Souza Ana Lucia P , Remus Janet C , Zarate Maurice , Holt Jonathan P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The trial examined if a novel phytase from a bacterial consensus 6-phytase variant expressed in Trichoderma reesei could replace all added inorganic phosphate (P) in a diet with reduced Ca, digestible P (dP), digestible amino acids, and net energy fed to commercial pigs from 19 kg body weight (BW) until slaughter, while maintaining performance and carcass quality parameters. The corn and soybean meal-based diets used nutrient requirements from National Swine Nutrition guide (2010). Four treatments were tested in a completely randomized design with 9 replicate pens (8 mixed sex pigs/rep): 1) positive control (PC), 2) negative control (NC) without inorganic P, (nutrient difference equated to a1000 FTU/kg matrix versus the PC), 3) NC + 500 FTU/kg (500); 4) NC + 1000 FTU/kg (1000). Mash diets were fed ad libitum in 6 phases: nursery 3 (0-10 d), grower 1 and 2 (10-30 d), finisher 1 and 2 (30-78 d), and finisher 3 (78-115 d). As NC and NC+phytase were at native dP% levels, lameness was expected. When 25% of the pigs in a treatment showed lameness, diet dP was adjusted; this only occurred in NC and 500 groups. Data analysis used ANOVA with mean separation via Tukey honest significant difference with P &lt; 0.05%. Results showed equivalent ADG, BW, ADFI, loin area and fat at 12th rib for PC and 1,000 units phytase/kg feed in swine raised to market age. The 500-unit treatments improved ADG, BW and ADFI versus the negative control. Coefficient of variation (CV) on BW responded in parallel with BW, the lowest CVs were seen for PC and 1,000 with intermediate improvement for 500 versus NC. These results show that 1,000 units/kg feed of this novel phytase alleviated performance loss in a no added P diet versus the diet without phytase and match that of PC (with inorganic P added).
PSVIII-7 Isoquinoline Alkaloids Improve Intestinal Function of Weanling Pigs Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Diets Formulated Below Amino Acid Requirements
Authors: Rundle Carly M , Artuso-Ponte Valeria , Stein Hans H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An experiment tested the hypothesis that isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) in diets for weanling pigs formulated below amino acid (AA) requirements improves intestinal health and maintains growth performance of pigs compared with pigs fed a diet formulated at AA requirements. Two-hundred weanling pigs (6.11 ± 0.61 kg) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment for a 27 d, 2-phase experiment. Diets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with AA at or 10% below requirements and with IQ at 0 or 120 mg/kg. Growth performance was calculated and plasma (d 14 and 27) and tissue samples (d 27) were collected. Data were analyzed with Proc MIXED of SAS using AA level, IQ inclusion, and the interaction as main effects. Pigs fed diets with IQ tended to have greater (P &lt; 0.10) ADFI, whereas G:F was reduced if dietary AA were reduced (P &lt; 0.05; Table 1). If AA were at requirements, lamina propria thickness in the jejunum was not affected by IQ inclusion, but if AA were below requirements, IQ decreased lamina propria thickness (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). Villus height also tended to increase with dietary IQ (P &lt; 0.10). Adding IQ to the diet that met AA requirements resulted in decreased plasma interleukin 4 and 10 on d 14; however, if IQ was in the reduced AA diet, the opposite was true (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). If AA were below requirements, IQ tended to increase occludin in the jejunal mucosa, whereas if AA were at requirements, IQ tended to reduce occludin (interaction, P &lt; 0.10). On d 26, reducing AA in the diet reduced (P &lt; 0.05) plasma albumin. In conclusion, if AA are provided below the requirement, dietary IQ modulates systemic inflammation and improves intestinal function of weanling pigs.
PSI-5 Effects of Two Rotational Grazing Management Systems on Forage Quality, Forage Availability, and Cow Performance
Authors: Pearl Ana M , Ewing Kylie P , Neira Lucas T , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective was to compare the effects of 2 rotational grazing systems on forage quality, forage availability, and cow performance. Multiparous, fall-calving beef cows (n = 360; BW = 613 ± 66 kg) were stratified by sire, age, body condition score (BCS), and body weight (BW), and allotted to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 8-paddock system rotated every 5 d or 6-paddock system rotated every 7 d. Endophyte-infected tall fescue paddocks (6.1 ha) were grazed in 2 rounds of rotations from April to July. Cow BW and BCS were obtained on d 0, 28, 56, and 84. Forage heights were measured using a rising plate meter before and after grazing. Forage samples were clipped from each paddock prior to grazing for proximate analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. During round 1, forage from the 8-paddock system tended (P = 0.07) to have greater percent dry matter (DM), but no differences were detected (P ≥ 0.12) in organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or crude protein (CP). During round 2, forage percent DM tended (P = 0.08) to be greater while CP tended (P = 0.10) to be lesser in the 8-paddock system. Additionally, the 8-paddock system had greater (P ≤ 0.05) forage NDF and ADF than the 6-paddock system, but OM was not different (P = 0.17) in round 2. However, grazing system did not affect (P ≥ 0.21) forage availability after grazing in either round. Cow BW and BCS were not affected (P ≥ 0.18) by grazing system on d 0, 28, 56, or 84. Despite minor differences in forage quality, rotational grazing management system did not impact forage availability or cow performance.
PSI-8 Exploring the Relationship Between Soil Composition and Forage Characteristics in Cool Season Grass/Legume Pastures
Authors: Henderson Jacob A , Chapple Wesley P , Meteer William T , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the relationship between soil nutrient composition and forage characteristics in cool-season grass/legume pastures in June. Forage and soil samples were collected from a total of 15 distinct locations with varying topography and forage species. Forage samples (0.25 m2) were clipped at the crown and weighed to determine total biomass production. Forage samples were sorted by species. Soil samples were collected utilizing either a manual probe or drill auger (Oakfield Apparatus, Oakfield, WI) depending on soil compaction. Forage and soil samples were analyzed for chemical composition at a commercial laboratory. Percent legume was positively correlated (r ≥ 0.51; P ≤ 0.05) with forage crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, Mg, Cu and B and negatively correlated (r ≤ -0.81; P &lt; 0.01) with total forage biomass, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Soil organic matter and N release both had positive, strong correlations (r ≥ 0.53, P ≤ 0.04) with soil S, B, Fe, Cu and NO3-N. Soil pH was negatively correlated (r = -0.63; P ≤ 0.01) with soil H, but positively correlated (r ≥ 0.60, P ≤ 0.02) with forage Al and Fe. Soil P was not only positively correlated (r ≥ 0.73, P ≤ 0.01) with soil S, B and Zn but also positively correlated (r ≥ 0.73, P ≤ 0.01) with forage CP, P, and K. Soil K base saturation percent was positively correlated (r ≥ 0.55, P ≤ 0.04) with forage CP, P, K, Fe, Zn, Al, and B. Additionally, forage Fe was positively correlated (r ≥ 0.56, P ≤ 0.03) with forage P, K, and Zn, as well as soil Zn, B, P, and S. In conclusion, percent legume in forage was related to several forage quality characteristics, and multiple relationships exist between and among forage and soil characteristics.
PSI-9 Impacts of Formic Acid and Glycerol Monolaurate on Weanling Pig Immune Function
Authors: Lewis Kate , Dahmer Payton L , Harrison Olivia , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Feed additives such zinc oxide (ZnO) reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve nursery pig growth performance, but there is regulatory pressure to eliminate their inclusion due to environmental concerns. Dietary acidifiers have been shown to positively impact gut health, immune status, and performance post-weaning. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding formic acid and/or glycerol monolaurate (GML) on immune status of nursery pigs. A total of 350 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; 5.7 ± 0.06 kg BW) were fed for 42 d with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Pens were assigned in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 diets: 1) Negative control (no additives); 2) Control + 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2; 3) Control + 0.7% formic acid; 4) Control + 0.18% GML; 5) Control + 1.0% blend of formic acid and GML. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein on d 0 and d 14 from 1 randomly selected pig per pen (14 pigs/treatment; 70 pigs total) for analysis of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). After collection, samples were centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 min at 4°C and recovered serum was stored at -20°C until analysis. Using an ELISA kit, IgA, IgG and TNF- α were measured according to the kit manufacturer’s recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pig as the experimental unit. There was no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.05) in serum IgA, IgG, or TNF-α as a result of dietary treatment. Sampling day significantly impacted (P &lt; 0.05) both serum IgA and IgG concentrations, where regardless of treatment, the levels of IgA increased from d 0 to 14 and decreased for IgG. In summary, feeding formic acid and/or GML did not impact serum immunoglobulin or cytokine levels. Further investigation into how these acidifiers effect immune function post-weaning is needed.
PSI-4 Effects of Sorghum Inclusion in Lamb Diets on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility
Authors: Oberdorf Tiffany A , Buessing Zachary T , Scotten Skyler S , Zumbaugh Charles A , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of grain sorghum inclusion on the apparent total tract digestibility of lamb diets. This experiment utilized 24 Rambouillet lambs (46.1 ± 3.90 kg) that were previously used in a growth experiment. Animals were housed in 1 of 24 pens with 1 lamb per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Lambs were randomly assigned 1 of the 4 treatment diets prior to the growth experiment and remained on the same treatment for over the 10-d experimental period. Treatments included 1) Control (0% sorghum inclusion); 2) Sorg10 (10% corn substituted for sorghum); 3) Sorg20 (20% corn substituted for sorghum); and 4) Sorg30 (30% corn substituted for corn). Diets were ground using hammermill and titanium dioxide was added to the ground diet at 0.4% as an indigestible marker. Lambs were fed these diets for 7-d prior to fecal sample collection to allow for steady-state marker concentrations. Fecal grab samples were collected every 6 hours over the final 3 d and were composited by animal to represent each 2-hour period of a 24-hour cycle. Feed and composited fecal samples were analyzed for crude fat, crude protein, ADF, NDF, and ash. Data were analyzed using the LM function in R with a fixed effect of treatment. Significance was defined at P &lt; 0.05 and means were separated using Tukey’s HSD where appropriate. Sorghum inclusion did not affect (P &gt; 0.16) crude protein, crude fat, or acid detergent fiber digestibility. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was reduced (P = 0.02) for animals consuming Sorg20 and Sorg30 compared with the control, and Sorg10 was intermediate. Organic matter digestibility tended to decrease (P = 0.08) with increasing sorghum inclusion. In conclusion, replacing corn with sorghum at levels up to 30% had minimal impact on nutrient digestibility in growing lambs.
A Retrospective Chart Review to Determine Hypophosphatemia Incidence and Phosphorus Supplementation Requirements in Patients With Severe Thermal Cutaneous Injuries Receiving High-Volume Hemofiltration
Authors: Kail Daniel , Arif Faisal , Sultan-Ali Ibrahim , Velamuri Sai R , Hill David M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatients with severe thermal injuries have increased metabolic demands necessitating frequent phosphate supplementation. Patients with acute renal failure may have less requirements, due to reduced elimination. However, patients being supported with renal replacement therapy have varying degree of requirements. Little published evidence depicts the incidence of hypophosphatemia and repletion requirements in patients with severe thermal injuries treated with high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) and a high-flux membrane. The objective of this retrospective chart review was to determine the incidence of hypophosphatemia and characterize repletion requirements and response in this population. Enrolled patients had at least 20% TBSA thermal injuries and required continuous hemofiltration with prefilter replacement fluid doses ≥35 mL/kg IBW/hr. A randomly selected cohort without acute kidney injury (AKI) and matched based on age and extent of TBSA was used to compare phosphorus requirements over an initial 14-day period. Demographics, diet, and variables affecting phosphorus concentrations were collected. Sixteen patients were included in the retrospective HVHF group and 16 patients in a case–control cohort to better depict the impact of HVHF. The average age was 60.2 ± 15.1 years and median TBSA was 30% (23.4, 56.3) in the HVHF group, compared to 53.3 ± 16.4 years (P = .22) and TBSA 29% (26.4, 33.9; P = .73). All patients in the HVHF group were started on HVHF with a 1.6 m2 polyethersulfone membrane for AKI. As expected, the HVHF group exhibited statistically higher than normal baseline potassium and phosphorous laboratory values. The HVHF group experienced more days with hypophosphatemia (49.6 ± 12.4% vs 29.3 ± 16.3%, P = .012), despite 0.75 mmol/kg/day phosphorous supplementation (compared to 0.66 mmol/kg/day for the control group, P = .45). Patients with longer durations of HVHF therapy experienced increasing risk of hypophosphatemia, reaching 100% by the end of the study period. This study demonstrates severe thermally injured patients receiving HVHF for AKI are at increased risk for hypophosphatemia, and require high phosphate supplementation.
An exact relation for density fluctuations in compressible turbulence
Authors: Pan Liubin , Ju Wenjie , Chen Jin-Hong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We derive an exact relation for density fluctuations in statistically stationary compressible turbulence. In weakly compressible turbulence, the relation identifies two contributions, corresponding to the acoustic mode and the pseudo-sound mode, respectively, to the density power spectrum, providing a unifying picture for the origin of density fluctuations in turbulent flows with Mach number ≲ 1. Using numerical simulations of driven turbulence, we verified the validity of the exact relations, and examined the contributions of the acoustic and pseudo-sound terms as a function of the Mach number. For simulations of supersonic turbulence, the exact relations provide a tool to quantify the artificial reduction of the density variance by numerical viscosity. The artificial suppression of density fluctuations increases with increasing Mach number, due to the necessity of applying larger numerical diffusion to stabilize stronger shocks. The exact relation also helps to theoretically establish the relation between the density variance and the density-weighted Mach number, $\langle \delta \rho ^2 \rangle /\bar{\rho }^2 = b^2 \mathcal {M}_{\rho }^2$, in supersonic turbulence, which is of crucial importance for the modelling of star formation. Combining with simulations of supersonic turbulence with solenoidal driving and removing the artificial suppression of density fluctuations by numerical viscosity, our exact relation gives an estimate of b ≃ 0.4 for the b parameter.
Enhanced star formation in z ∼ 6 quasar companions
Authors: Zana Tommaso , Gallerani Simona , Carniani Stefano , Vito Fabio , Ferrara Andrea , Lupi Alessandro , Di Mascia Fabio , Barai Paramita 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Quasars powered by supermassive black holes (&gt;108 M⊙) at z ∼ 6 are predicted to reside in cosmic overdense regions. However, observations so far could not confirm this expectation due to limited statistics. The picture is further complicated by the possible effects of quasar outflows (i.e. feedback) that could either suppress or stimulate the star formation rate (SFR) of companion galaxies, thus modifying the expected bias. Here, we quantify feedback effects on the properties and detectability of companions by comparing cosmological zoom-in simulations of a quasar in which feedback is either included or turned-off. With respect to the no-feedback case, companions (a) directly impacted by the outflow have their SFR increased by a factor of 2−3, and (b) tend to be more massive. Both effects shift the [C ii] 158 μm and UV luminosity functions towards brighter magnitudes. This leads us to conclude that quasar feedback slightly increases the effective quasar bias, boosting the number density of observable quasar companions, in agreement with what has been found around the brightest quasars of recent Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) [C ii] surveys. Deeper observations performed with James Webb Space Telescope and/or ALMA will improve the statistical significance of this result by detecting a larger number of fainter quasar companions.
Viscous and centrifugal instabilities of massive stars
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Fuller Jim 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Massive stars exhibit a variety of instabilities, many of which are poorly understood. We explore instabilities induced by centrifugal forces and angular momentum transport in massive rotating stars. First, we derive and numerically solve linearized oscillation equations for adiabatic radial modes in polytropic stellar models. In the presence of differential rotation, we show that centrifugal and Coriolis forces combined with viscous angular momentum transport can excite stellar pulsation modes, under both low- or high-viscosity conditions. In the low-viscosity limit, which is common in real stars, we demonstrate how to compute mode growth/damping rates via a work integral. Finally, we build realistic rotating $30\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ star models and show that overstable (growing) radial modes are predicted to exist for most of the star’s life, in the absence of non-adiabatic effects. Peak growth rates are predicted to occur while the star is crossing the Hertzsprung–Russell gap, though non-adiabatic damping may dominate over viscous driving, depending on the effective viscosity produced by convective and/or magnetic torques. Viscous instability could be a new mechanism to drive massive star pulsations and is possibly related to instabilities of luminous blue variable stars.
Degeneracies between self-interacting dark matter and supernova feedback as cusp-core transformation mechanisms
Authors: Burger Jan D , Zavala Jesús , Sales Laura V , Vogelsberger Mark , Marinacci Federico , Torrey Paul 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe present a suite of 16 high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of an isolated dwarf galaxy (gaseous and stellar disc plus a stellar bulge) within an initially cuspy dark matter (DM) halo, including self-interactions between the DM particles; as well as stochastic star formation and subsequent supernova feedback (SNF), implemented using the stellar feedback model SMUGGLE. The simulations start from identical initial conditions, and we regulate the strength of DM self-interactions and SNF by systematically varying the self-interacting DM (SIDM) momentum transfer cross-section and the gas density threshold for star formation. The DM halo forms a constant density core of similar size and shape for several combinations of those two parameters. Haloes with cores that are formed due to SIDM (adiabatic cusp-core transformation) have velocity dispersion profiles that are closer to isothermal than those of haloes with cores that are formed due to SNF in simulations with bursty star formation (impulsive cusp-core transformation). Impulsive SNF can generate positive stellar age gradients and increase random motion in the gas at the centre of the galaxy. Simulated galaxies in haloes with cores that were formed adiabatically are spatially more extended, with stellar metallicity gradients that are shallower (at late times) than those of galaxies in other simulations. Such observable properties of the gas and the stars, which indicate either an adiabatic or an impulsive evolution of the gravitational potential, may be used to determine whether observed cores in DM haloes are formed through DM self-interactions or in response to impulsive SNF.
Brightest cluster galaxies trace weak lensing mass bias and halo triaxiality in the three hundred project
Authors: Herbonnet Ricardo , Crawford Adrian , Avestruz Camille , Rasia Elena , Giocoli Carlo , Meneghetti Massimo , von der Linden Anja , Cui Weiguang , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters have a triaxial matter distribution. The weak-lensing signal, an important part in cosmological studies, measures the projected mass of all matter along the line of sight, and therefore changes with the orientation of the cluster. Studies suggest that the shape of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the centre of the cluster traces the underlying halo shape, enabling a method to account for projection effects. We use 324 simulated clusters at four redshifts between 0.1 and 0.6 from ‘The Three Hundred Project’ to quantify correlations between the orientation and shape of the BCG and the halo. We find that haloes and their embedded BCGs are aligned, with an average ∼20 degree angle between their major axes. The bias in weak lensing cluster mass estimates correlates with the orientation of both the halo and the BCG. Mimicking observations, we compute the projected shape of the BCG, as a measure of the BCG orientation, and find that it is most strongly correlated to the weak-lensing mass for relaxed clusters. We also test a 2D cluster relaxation proxy measured from BCG mass isocontours. The concentration of stellar mass in the projected BCG core compared to the total stellar mass provides an alternative proxy for the BCG orientation. We find that the concentration does not correlate to the weak-lensing mass bias, but does correlate with the true halo mass. These results indicate that the BCG shape and orientation for large samples of relaxed clusters can provide information to improve weak-lensing mass estimates.