bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Changing Tides of Caregiving During the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Decreasing and Increasing Care Provision Relates to Caregiver Well-Being
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Koo Hyun Jung , Park Bona , Choi HwaJung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesPandemic-specific changes to the caregiving context (e.g., attempts to reduce exposure, physical distancing requirements) may lead to changes in care provision. This study uses the 2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study Family Members and Friends coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) questionnaire to explore changes in the amount of care provision during COVID-19 and associations with stress process outcomes of caregiving.MethodsThe sample includes 1,020 caregivers who provided care for an older adult during COVID-19. Caregivers indicated whether their hours of care decreased, stayed stable, or increased during the pandemic. We describe reasons for change in care and compare changes in care by demographic and care-related characteristics using chi-squares and analyses of variance, and relate changes in care with stress process outcomes (e.g., overload, COVID-related anxiety) using multivariable linear regression.ResultsCaregivers were 60.7 years old on average, 69.3% were female, and 18.6% were non-White. While most caregivers reported no change, 30.5% reported an increase and 11.5% reported a decrease in the amount of pandemic care provided. Relative to maintaining stable care provision, an increase was associated broadly with worse mental health and care-related stress, whereas a decrease was associated with greater emotional difficulty related to care and lower levels of positive affectivity.DiscussionThose who changed their care provision during the pandemic predominantly did so to protect their care recipient from COVID-19 exposure. Increasing one’s care provision was strongly associated with worse mental health and well-being. Supports for caregivers who take on additional care tasks during the pandemic could have great public health benefit.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Advance Care Planning: Assessing the Role of Subjective Life Expectancy
Authors: Lou Yifan , Carr Deborah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Persistent race disparities in advance care planning (ACP) are troubling, given Black and Hispanic older adults’ elevated risk of disease, some dementias, and receipt of care that may not align with their preferences. A potentially important yet underexplored explanation for these disparities is subjective life expectancy (SLE) or beliefs about one’s future survival that may impel or impede ACP.

Methods
Data are from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 8,912). We examined the extent to which perceived chances of living another 10 years are associated with 3 components of ACP (living will, durable power of attorney for health care [DPAHC], and informal discussions). We used multilevel logistic regression models to evaluate the extent to which SLE mediates the association between race and ACP, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health characteristics.

Results
Black and Hispanic older adults have significantly lower rates of ACP relative to Whites. These disparities persist even when SLE is controlled. Blacks report especially optimistic whereas Hispanics report pessimistic survival expectations, although these differences do not explain racial disparities in ACP. SLE has direct effects on ACP, such that persons who report an “uncertain” SLE are less likely to have a living will or a DPAHC, whereas those who perceive a 50% chance of survival have significantly greater odds of discussions, relative to those who perceive a 0% chance of survival.

Discussion
Doctor–patient conversations about the likely course of one’s illness may inform patients’ knowledge of their SLE, which may motivate timely ACP.
Educational attainment as a modifier for the effect of polygenic scores for cardiovascular risk factors: cross-sectional and prospective analysis of UK Biobank
Authors: Carter Alice R , Harrison Sean , Gill Dipender , Davey Smith George , Taylor Amy E , Howe Laura D , Davies Neil M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Understanding the interplay between educational attainment and genetic predictors of cardiovascular risk may improve our understanding of the aetiology of educational inequalities in cardiovascular disease.

Methods
In up to 320 120 UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry (mean age = 57 years, female 54%), we created polygenic scores for nine cardiovascular risk factors or diseases: alcohol consumption, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lifetime smoking behaviour, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke. We estimated whether educational attainment modified genetic susceptibility to these risk factors and diseases.

Results
On the additive scale, higher educational attainment reduced genetic susceptibility to higher body mass index, smoking, atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes, but increased genetic susceptibility to higher LDL-C and higher systolic blood pressure. On the multiplicative scale, there was evidence that higher educational attainment increased genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease, but little evidence of effect modification was found for all other traits considered.

Conclusions
Educational attainment modifies the genetic susceptibility to some cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. The direction of this effect was mixed across traits considered and differences in associations between the effect of the polygenic score across strata of educational attainment was uniformly small. Therefore, any effect modification by education of genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors or diseases is unlikely to substantially explain the development of inequalities in cardiovascular risk.
Non-Uniform Hyperbolicity in Polynomial Skew Products
Authors: Ji Zhuchao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet $f:\mathbb {C}^2\to \mathbb {C}^2$ be a polynomial skew product that leaves invariant an attracting vertical line $ L $. Assume moreover $f$ restricted to $L$ is non-uniformly hyperbolic, in the sense that $f$ restricted to $L$ satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) $f|_L$ satisfies topological Collet–Eckmann and weak regularity conditions. (2) The Lyapunov exponent at every critical value point lying in the Julia set of $f|_{L}$ exists and is positive, and there is no parabolic cycle. Under one of the above conditions we show that the Fatou set in the basin of $L$ coincides with the union of the basins of attracting cycles, and the Julia set in the basin of $L$ has Lebesgue measure zero. As an easy consequence there are no wandering Fatou components in the basin of $L$.
Deep sequencing analysis of acute conjunctivitis in Burkina Faso, Africa
Authors: Bountogo Mamadou , Sié Ali , Coulibaly Boubacar , Ruder Kevin , Chen Cindi , Zhong Lina , Colby Emily , Lebas Elodie , Deiner Michael , Hinterwirth Armin , Lietman Thomas M , Seitzman Gerami D , Doan Thuy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Seasonal and epidemic conjunctivitis (pink eye) infections are highly contagious and impose a significant economic burden worldwide. Long-term visual impairment can occur.

Methods
This study used metagenomic deep sequencing to evaluate pathogens causing acute infectious conjunctivitis in Burkina Faso.

Results
We found that pathogens causing conjunctivitis in Burkina Faso are diverse, with human adenoviruses responsible for a small fraction of the samples tested.

Conclusions
These results are unexpected and suggest the importance of regional surveillance.
Case report—successful management of acute buried bumper syndrome
Authors: Gorji Leva , Augusta James , Elrod Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is often the preferred approach to addressing nutritional deficits in patients requiring long-term feeding access. Numerous major and minor complications may occur with PEG tube insertion; buried bumper syndrome is a rare, long-term outcome of PEG tube placement, comprising &lt;2.4% of complications. We present the case of a 60-year-old female with laryngeal cancer whom developed acute buried bumper syndrome after PEG tube insertion which was managed successfully with surgical intervention.
A continuous leak from within: a case report on flood syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Kumaraman S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Flood syndrome is a very rare complication that can be found in patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis with concurrent ventral hernias. If the hernia ruptures, ascites can begin to leak uncontrollably from the opening which can become a nidus for infection if left untreated. This scenario is known as Flood syndrome, which was first described by Frank Flood in 1961. Flood syndrome is very difficult to manage for physicians as these patients are poor candidates for surgery but the ascitic leak will continue without surgical intervention. Currently, there is no standard of care for Flood syndrome. As such, physicians must rely on case reports to help guide their treatment plan. Our case report highlights the case of a 66-year-old cirrhotic patient with an ascitic leak from a ruptured umbilical hernia with discussion of both medical and surgical approaches to managing this very rare syndrome.
Twelve-Month Follow-up of Early COVID-19 Cases in the United States: Cellular and Humoral Immune Longevity
Authors: Shah Melisa M , Rasheed Mohammad Ata Ur , Harcourt Jennifer L , Abedi Glen R , Stumpf Megan M , Kirking Hannah L , Tamin Azaibi , Mills Lisa , Armstrong Madeleine , Salvatore Phillip P , Surasi Krishna , Scott Sarah E , Killerby Marie E , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Saydah Sharon , Tate Jacqueline E , Fry Alicia M , Hall Aron J , Thornburg Natalie J , Midgley Claire M ,   COVID-19 Follow-Up Investigation Team, Ahmed Sana S , Bonin Brandon J , Dallmeyer Lisa , Duffus Wayne , Frias Mabel , Han George , Haupt Thomas , Khoshabian Rensen , Komatsu Kenneth , Mello Lynn , Rolfes Melissa A , Rubin Rachel , Watson John T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We quantify antibody and memory B-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at 6 and 12 months postinfection among 7 unvaccinated US coronavirus disease 2019 cases. All had detectable S-specific memory B cells and immunoglobulin G at both time points, with geometric mean titers of 117.2 BAU/mL and 84.0 BAU/mL at 6 and 12 months, respectively.
Assessment of the Difficulties Experienced by Individuals with Intestinal Stomas: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kalayci Ferzan , Duruk Nazike 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the difficulties faced by individuals with intestinal stomas.

METHODS
The authors used a qualitative descriptive phenomenologic design. The study population comprised individuals with intestinal stoma living in Eskişehir who were 18 years or older and did not have any mental, physical, and communication disorders. Criterion sampling and snowball sampling methods were used. Data were collected from June to September 2019 through a questionnaire of personal characteristics as well as a semistructured interview. Data on personal characteristics were analyzed in numbers and percentages, and qualitative data were analyzed using the MAXQDA 2020 program (VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany).

RESULTS
The study data were evaluated under two headings: (1) themes created using the Roy’s Adaptation Model and (2) other themes. In the themes created using the Roy’s Adaptation Model, difficulties related to the physiologic adaptation mode and interdependence adaptation mode were observed, whereas among other themes, difficulties due to lack of information and economic worries were commonly reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Most individuals experienced sleep pattern disturbances; faced issues in their relationships with family and friends due to physiologic and psychological distress; received no training for stoma care, diet, or sexual life; could not cope with issues related to the stoma; and faced financial difficulties in procuring stoma bags and care products.
Using Longitudinally Linked Data to Measure Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Declercq Eugene R. , Cabral Howard J. , Cui Xiaohui , Liu Chia-Ling , Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka , Larson Elysia , Meadows Audra , Diop Hafsatou 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether application of a standard algorithm to hospitalizations in the prenatal and postpartum (42 days) periods increases identification of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) beyond analysis of only the delivery event.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the PELL (Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal) database, a Massachusetts population-based data system that links records from birth certificates to delivery hospital discharge records and nonbirth hospital records for all birthing individuals. We included deliveries from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018, distinguishing between International Classification of Diseases Ninth (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coding. We applied the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention algorithm for SMM used by the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health to hospitalizations across the antenatal period through 42 days postpartum. Morbidity was examined both with and without blood transfusion.

RESULTS:
Overall, 594,056 deliveries were included in the analysis, and 3,947 deliveries met criteria for SMM at delivery without transfusion and 9,593 with transfusion for aggregate rates of 150.1 (95% CI 146.7–153.5) using ICD-9 codes and 196.6 (95% CI 189.5–203.7) using ICD-10 codes per 10,000 deliveries. Severe maternal morbidity at birth increased steadily across both ICD-9 and ICD-10 from 129.4 in 2009 (95% CI 126.2–132.6) using ICD-9 to 214.3 per 10,000 (95% CI 206.9–221.8) in 2018 using ICD-10. Adding prenatal and postpartum hospitalizations increased cases by 21.9% under both ICD-9 and ICD-10, resulting in a 2018 rate of 258.7 per 10,000 (95% CI 250.5–266.9). The largest increase in detected morbidity in the prenatal or postpartum time period was attributed to sepsis cases.

CONCLUSION:
Inclusion of prenatal and postpartum hospitalizations in the identification of SMM resulted in increased ascertainment of morbid events. These results suggest a need to ensure surveillance of care quality activities beyond the birth event.
Pregnancy-Associated Deaths Due to Drugs, Suicide, and Homicide in the United States, 2010–2019
Authors: Margerison Claire E. , Roberts Meaghan H. , Gemmill Alison , Goldman-Mellor Sidra 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the prevalence of pregnancy-associated deaths due to drugs, suicide, and homicide nationwide from 2010 to 2019.

METHODS:
Using U.S. death certificate records from 2010 to 2019 for 33 states plus the District of Columbia, we identified pregnancy-associated deaths using the pregnancy checkbox and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, calculated pregnancy-associated death ratios, and categorized deaths by cause, timing relative to pregnancy, race or ethnicity, and age.

RESULTS:
Of 11,782 pregnancy-associated deaths identified between 2010 and 2019, 11.4% were due to drugs, 5.4% were due to suicide, and 5.4% were due to homicide, whereas 59.3% were due to obstetric causes and the remaining 18.5% were due to other causes. Drug-related deaths, suicide, and homicide accounted for 22.2% of pregnancy-associated deaths. All three causes of death increased over the study period, with drug-related pregnancy-associated deaths increasing 190%. Homicide during pregnancy and drug-related deaths, suicides, and homicide in the late postpartum period (43–365 days) accounted for a larger proportion of all deaths in these time periods than the contribution of these causes to all deaths among females of reproductive age. Pregnant and postpartum people identified as non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native were at highest risk of drug-related and suicide death, and people identified as non-Hispanic Black were at highest risk of homicide.

CONCLUSION:
Deaths due to drug use, suicide, and homicide constitute more than one fifth of all deaths during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Drug-related deaths and homicides have increased over the past decade. Substantial racial and ethnic inequities in these deaths exist.
Antenatal Three-Dimensional Printing for Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures
Authors: Garcia de Paredes Jessica , Gosnell Jordan , Strug Michael , Giuliani Emma , Thakur Mili , Romero Vivian C. , Cordoba Marcos 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Prenatal ultrasonography allows for timely identification of fetal abnormalities that can have an effect on securing the neonatal airway at delivery. We illustrate the role of antenatal three-dimensional printing in cases with fetal airway obstruction.

CASE:
We present two cases that highlight the utility of a three-dimensional printing technique to aid in ex utero intrapartum treatment procedures during cesarean delivery.

CONCLUSION:
Three-dimensional printing plays a complementary role to standard imaging options in optimizing presurgical planning, prenatal parental counseling, personalized patient care, and education of the multidisciplinary team in cases of fetal congenital airway obstruction.
Medical Cannabis for Gynecologic Pain Conditions
Authors: Liang Angela L. , Gingher Erin L. , Coleman Jenell S. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The endocannabinoid system is involved in pain perception and inflammation. Cannabis contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which are cannabinoids that bind to endocannabinoid system receptors. A fatty acid amide called palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) enhances endogenous cannabinoids. Given that use of medical cannabis is increasing, we sought to characterize patterns of cannabis use for gynecologic pain and its effectiveness as an analgesic.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov using terms for “woman,” “cannabis,” and “pain” or “pelvic pain” or “endometriosis” or “bladder pain” or “cancer.” The search was restricted to English-language articles published between January 1990 and April 2021 and excluded animal studies.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
The initial search yielded 5,189 articles with 3,822 unique citations. Studies were included if they evaluated nonpregnant adult women who used cannabinoids for gynecologic pain conditions (eg, chronic pelvic pain, vulvodynia, endometriosis, interstitial cystitis, malignancy). Study types included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Covidence systematic review software was used.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Fifty-nine studies were considered for full review, and 16 met inclusion criteria. Prevalence of cannabis use ranged from 13% to 27%. Most women ingested or inhaled cannabis and used cannabis multiple times per week, with dosages of THC and CBD up to 70 mg and 2,000 mg, respectively. Sixty-one to 95.5% reported pain relief. All six prospective cohort studies and one RCT of PEA-combination medications reported significant pain relief, and the average decrease in pain after 3 months of treatment was 3.35±1.39 on the 10-point visual analog scale. However, one fatty acid amide enzyme inhibitor RCT did not show pain reduction.

CONCLUSION:
Survey data showed that most women reported that cannabis improved pain from numerous gynecologic conditions. Cohort studies and an RCT using PEA-combination medications reported pain reduction. However, interpretation of the studies is limited due to varying cannabis formulations, delivery methods, and dosages that preclude a definitive statement about cannabis for gynecologic pain relief.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42021248057.
The Importance of Information: Prenatal Education Surrounding Birth-Related Pelvic Floor Trauma Mitigates Symptom-Related Distress
Authors: Johnson Kimberley T. , Williams Paula G. , Hill Audra J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Birth-related pelvic floor trauma and its sequelae (PFTS) are associated with higher rates of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders in the fourth trimester. The fourth trimester is a critical window for long-term health outcomes, and identifying factors that buffer the impact of PFTS is an important research priority.

Objectives:
We hypothesized that lack of prenatal pelvic floor-focused education may be associated with greater distress following PFTS.

Study Design:
Hypotheses were investigated using a repeated-measures (study 1; n = 36) and cross-sectional (study 2; n = 226) design among participants reporting PFTS. Questionnaires were completed online, and included qualitative and quantitative responses.

Methods:
Study 1 participants completed a questionnaire within the first 8 weeks and approximately 3 months postpartum. Study 2 participants (≤5 years postpartum) completed a 1-time questionnaire. We examined associations among pelvic floor education, pelvic floor symptoms, and indices of mental health. Moderation analyses were conducted (study 2) to test whether the association between pelvic floor and mental health symptoms varied depending on level of discrepancy between postpartum expectation and experience.

Results:
In both studies, a high percentage of participants reported a lack of pelvic floor education, and significant associations were seen between pelvic floor and psychological symptoms. In study 2, individuals who reported high discrepancy between expectations and experience had the strongest associations between pelvic floor and psychological symptoms; for those reporting low discrepancy, the association was nonsignificant.

Conclusion:
Prenatal pelvic floor education is a key aspect not just in reducing risk of PFTS, but mitigating distress if it does occur.
Evidences for newer insecticides and growth regulators resistance in field populations of Helicoverpaarmigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Karnataka,India
Authors: Ballari Honnakerappa S. , Udikeri Shashikant. S. , Kalia Vinay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe prominence of Helicoverpaarmigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)averse insecticide resistance was traversed in the course of 2017 in Karnataka,India. The results divulged typical resistance level prostrating in selected newer insecticides, even though exiguous higher resistance airing in insect growth regulator Novaluranwith LC 50of and 13.02 to 18.07 ppm and 1.17 to 1.95 folds resistance) compared to newer group insecticides Spinasad, Indoxacarb, Flubendiamide and Rynaxypyr(3.57 to 10.19 ppm, 1.01 to 1.27 fold). Raichur and Kalaburgi strains comprehend higher resistance to Novaluran and newer insecticides with exception of Flubendiamide (Raichur and Vijayapura strains), respectively and Spinosad (Kalaburgi and Raichur strains), respectively. The morphometric parameters of larval length, pupal length, and weight were most in RCH stain (2.75±0.48 cm, 1.76±0.18 cm, and 0.511±0.04 g, 0.309±0.05 g) respectively, which was pursued by Kalaburgi strain. The morphometric correlation revealed that larval length was a significant positive relation with insecticide resistance which might be an influence of resistance but not merely responsible. Among newer insecticides, a significant positive correlation between Rynaxypyr and Indoxacarb was evident, similarly, Nuvaluran with Indoxacarb and Rynaxypyr as well. Usage pattern revealed that 81.67 % of farmers found to use insecticides more than the recommended dose and 70.83% have habit consecutive applications of products from the same chemical group which bear witness to developing resistance.