bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological soft signs in adolescents are associated with brain structure
Authors: Bonke Elena M , Bonfert Michaela V , Hillmann Stefan M , Seitz-Holland Johanna , Gaubert Malo , Wiegand Tim L T , De Luca Alberto , Cho Kang Ik K , Sandmo Stian B , Yhang Eukyung , Tripodis Yorghos , Seer Caroline , Kaufmann David , Kaufmann Elisabeth , Muehlmann Marc , Gooijers Jolien , Lin Alexander P , Leemans Alexander , Swinnen Stephan P , Bahr Roald , Shenton Martha E , Pasternak Ofer , Tacke Uta , Heinen Florian , Koerte Inga K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeurological soft signs (NSS) are minor deviations in motor performance. During childhood and adolescence, NSS are examined for functional motor phenotyping to describe development, to screen for comorbidities, and to identify developmental vulnerabilities. Here, we investigate underlying brain structure alterations in association with NSS in physically trained adolescents. Male adolescent athletes (n = 136, 13–16 years) underwent a standardized neurological examination including 28 tests grouped into 6 functional clusters. Non-optimal performance in at least 1 cluster was rated as NSS (NSS+ group). Participants underwent T1- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical volume, thickness, and local gyrification were calculated using Freesurfer. Measures of white matter microstructure (Free-water (FW), FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt), axial and radial diffusivity (ADt, RDt)) were calculated using tract-based spatial statistics. General linear models with age and handedness as covariates were applied to assess differences between NSS+ and NSS− group. We found higher gyrification in a large cluster spanning the left superior frontal and parietal areas, and widespread lower FAt and higher RDt compared with the NSS− group. This study shows that NSS in adolescents are associated with brain structure alterations. Underlying mechanisms may include alterations in synaptic pruning and axon myelination, which are hallmark processes of brain maturation.
Human motor sequence learning drives transient changes in network topology and hippocampal connectivity early during memory consolidation
Authors: Deleglise Alvaro , Donnelly-Kehoe Patricio Andres , Yeffal Abraham , Jacobacci Florencia , Jovicich Jorge , Amaro Jr Edson , Armony Jorge L , Doyon Julien , Della-Maggiore Valeria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, the exclusive role of the hippocampus in human declarative learning has been challenged. Recently, we have shown that gains in performance observed in motor sequence learning (MSL) during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice are associated with increased hippocampal activity, suggesting a role of this structure in motor memory reactivation. Yet, skill also develops offline as memory stabilizes after training and overnight. To examine whether the hippocampus contributes to motor sequence memory consolidation, here we used a network neuroscience strategy to track its functional connectivity offline 30 min and 24 h post learning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a graph-analytical approach we found that MSL transiently increased network modularity, reflected in an increment in local information processing at 30 min that returned to baseline at 24 h. Within the same time window, MSL decreased the connectivity of a hippocampal-sensorimotor network, and increased the connectivity of a striatal-premotor network in an antagonistic manner. Finally, a supervised classification identified a low-dimensional pattern of hippocampal connectivity that discriminated between control and MSL data with high accuracy. The fact that changes in hippocampal connectivity were detected shortly after training supports a relevant role of the hippocampus in early stages of motor memory consolidation.
Linezolid Population Pharmacokinetics to Improve Dosing in Cardiosurgical Patients: Factoring a New Drug–Drug Interaction Pathway
Authors: Pai Manjunath P , Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Gerussi Valentina , Della Siega Paola , Tascini Carlo , Pea Federico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLinezolid-induced myelosuppression limits optimal therapy in cardiosurgical patients with deep-seated infections at current doses.MethodsAdult patients who received a cardiac surgery intervention and linezolid for a documented or presumed serious gram-positive infection were evaluated. Therapeutic monitoring data, dosing, concomitant medications, and other pertinent laboratory data were collected retrospectively. A population pharmacokinetic model was constructed to identify covariates and test potential drug–drug interactions that may account for interpatient variability. Simulations from the final model identified doses that achieve a target therapeutic trough concentration of 2–8 mg/L.ResultsThis study included 150 patients (79.3% male) with sepsis and hospital-acquired pneumonia in 71.7% as the primary indication. The population had a median (minimum–maximum) age, body weight, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 66 (30–85) years, 76 (45–130) kg, and 46.8 (4.9–153.7) mL/minute, respectively. The standard linezolid dosage regimen achieved the therapeutic range in only 54.7% of patients. Lower-than-standard doses were necessary in the majority of patients (77%). A 2-compartment Michaelis-Menten clearance model with weight, kidney function, and the number of interacting drugs identified as covariates that best fit the concentration-time data was used. Cyclosporine had the greatest effect on lowering the maximum elimination rate (Vmax) of linezolid. Empiric linezolid doses of 300–450 mg every 12 hours based on eGFR and the number of interacting medications are suggested by this analysis.ConclusionsLower empiric linezolid doses in cardiosurgical patients may avoid toxicities. Confirmatory studies are necessary to verify these potential drug interactions.
CaRPE: the Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation tool for building climate mitigation scenarios on US agricultural lands
Authors: Manter Daniel K , Moore Jennifer M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation (CaRPE) tool is a web-based interactive tool that integrates two databases for the USA collected at county/multi-county scales to visualize and estimate the climate benefits of implementing a variety of conservation practices on croplands and grazing lands. The COMET-Planner tool provides county/multi-county carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction coefficients associated with the adoption of climate-smart agricultural management practices. The CaRPE tool couples these coefficients, reported in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per acre per year, with county-level cropland and grazing land acres extracted from the US Agricultural Census. The CaRPE graphical user interface allows users to quickly and easily build and export scenarios of new conservation practice adoption on desired acreages and locations at state, regional or national scales. Results are in tonnes CO2e per year, and each scenario can be exported in tabular and map formats at the selected scales. Existing county-level cropland acreage data provide the upper boundaries for acres of adoption and can be modified based on specific goals established by the user.The output may be used to develop potential targets of adoption and help inform decisions related to resource prioritization and planning efforts. In collaboration with local experts and farmer-led organizations, the results can provide a key starting block to prioritize practices and areas that contribute to climate benefits. As the underlying databases and models are updated and improved, CaRPE can be revised accordingly to increase accuracy and enhance applicability. The CaRPE tool and the user guide are available at:
Database URL: https://carpe.shinyapps.io/CarpeTool/
Prognostic impact of secondary prevention medical therapy following myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis
Authors: Samaras Athanasios , Papazoglou Andreas S , Balomenakis Charalampos , Bekiaridou Alexandra , Moysidis Dimitrios V , Rampidis Georgios P , Kampaktsis Polydoros N , Apostolidou-Kiouti Fani , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Kassimis George , Kouskouras Konstantinos , Fragakis Nikolaos , Ziakas Antonios , Vassilikos Vassilios , Giannakoulas George 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a clinical entity with several causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Secondary prevention with medical therapy used in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease has unclear benefits in MINOCA patients.

Methods and results
A literature search was conducted until 8 March 2022. Random-effect frequentist and hierarchical Bayesian meta-analyses were performed to assess the clinical impact of medical therapy [renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, statins, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), β-blockers] in MINOCA patients. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A total of 12 663 MINOCA patients among five observational studies were analysed. The mean follow-up ranged from 12 to 90 months across studies. In frequentist meta-analysis, statins and β-blockers were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [pooled adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) 0.53 and 0.81, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (0.37–0.76) and (0.67–0.97), respectively]. Only RAAS inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of MACE [pooled aHR: 0.69, with 95% CI (0.53–0.90)]. Bayesian meta-analysis based on informative prior assumptions offered strong evidence only for the benefit of statins on decreasing the risk of all-cause death [Bayes factor (BF): 33.2] and moderate evidence for the benefit of RAAS inhibitors on decreasing the risk of MACE (BF: 9); assigning less informative prior distributions did not affect the results, yet it downgraded the level of evidence to anecdotal.

Conclusion
In this meta-analysis, statins and RAAS inhibitors were consistently associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and MACE, respectively, in patients with MINOCA. Neutral prognostic evidence was demonstrated for β-blockers and DAPT.
Dietary metabolic signatures and cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Shah Ravi V , Steffen Lyn M , Nayor Matthew , Reis Jared P , Jacobs David R , Allen Norrina B , Lloyd-Jones Donald , Meyer Katie , Cole Joanne , Piaggi Paolo , Vasan Ramachandran S , Clish Clary B , Murthy Venkatesh L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Observational studies of diet in cardiometabolic-cardiovascular disease (CM-CVD) focus on self-reported consumption of food or dietary pattern, with limited information on individual metabolic responses to dietary intake linked to CM-CVD. Here, machine learning approaches were used to identify individual metabolic patterns related to diet and relation to long-term CM-CVD in early adulthood.

Methods and results
In 2259 White and Black adults (age 32.1 ± 3.6 years, 45% women, 44% Black) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, multivariate models were employed to identify metabolite signatures of food group and composite dietary intake across 17 food groups, 2 nutrient groups, and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI2015) diet quality score. A broad array of metabolites associated with diet were uncovered, reflecting food-related components/catabolites (e.g. fish and long-chain unsaturated triacylglycerols), interactions with host features (microbiome), or pathways broadly implicated in CM-CVD (e.g. ceramide/sphingomyelin lipid metabolism). To integrate diet with metabolism, penalized machine learning models were used to define a metabolite signature linked to a putative CM-CVD-adverse diet (e.g. high in red/processed meat, refined grains), which was subsequently associated with long-term diabetes and CVD risk numerically more strongly than HEI2015 in CARDIA [e.g. diabetes: standardized hazard ratio (HR): 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.97, P &lt; 0.0001; CVD: HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.14, P = 0.008], with associations replicated for diabetes (P &lt; 0.0001) in the Framingham Heart Study.

Conclusion
Metabolic signatures of diet are associated with long-term CM-CVD independent of lifestyle and traditional risk factors. Metabolomics improves precision to identify adverse consequences and pathways of diet-related CM-CVD.
Global burden of disease attributable to high systolic blood pressure in older adults, 1990–2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Huang Yuxian , Meng Lingrui , Liu Canru , Liu Songyue , Tao Luqiu , Zhang Sijia , Gao Jiaying , Sun Lingmin , Qin Qiying , Zhao Yingchen , Wang Chang , Chen Zihan , Guo Xiaofan , Sun Yinxian , Li Guangxiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
High systolic blood pressure (HSBP), a significant public health challenge, has not been systematically studied in the elderly population in the context of global aging. Understanding the temporal trends of the disease burden associated with HSBP in the elderly population is essential to control and mitigate the harm caused by HSBP.

Methods and results
We used the estimated data derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study to analyse the disease burden of HSBP among the elderly population by region, sex, and temporal changes from 1990 to 2019. We found that the number of deaths due to HSBP increased to 7.86 (95% UI: 6.89–8.82) million, with an increase of 54.1%, and the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased to 146 (95% UI: 130–162) million, with an increase of 52.4%. Conversely, the death and DALY rates of HSBP decreased by −27.0 and −27.8%, respectively. At the national and regional levels, Australasia and other high socio-demographic index regions have made significant improvements in the burden of HSBP, while it remains high in other regions of the world. Additionally, the burden of HSBP in older men is greater than that in older women.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the current prevention and control of HSBP in older adults is poor, with the total burden increasing significantly. There is an urgent need to implement feasible measures to resist HSBP and lessen the disparity of the global HSBP burden for older adults.
Aortic valve sclerosis and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in the general population with normal left ventricular geometry
Authors: Yoshida Yuriko , Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Hirose Kazutoshi , Ishiwata Jumpei , Kaneko Hidehiro , Nakao Tomoko , Mizuno Yoshiko , Morita Hiroyuki , Di Tullio Marco R , Homma Shunichi , Komuro Issei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAortic valve sclerosis (AVS) without haemodynamically significant obstruction is related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independent of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of AVS and its association with subclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in individuals with normal LV geometry free of cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsWe examined 962 participants with normal LV geometry and free from significant AV stenosis who underwent standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography. AVS was categorized into four groups as follows: no AVS, AV thickening, calcification on one leaflet, and calcification on ≥2 leaflets. Among the 962 participants, 767 (79.7%) individuals were classified as no AVS, 74 (7.7%) as AV thickening, 87 (9.0%) as calcification on one leaflet, and 34 (3.5%) as calcification on ≥2 leaflets. The prevalence of subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction (E/e′ ratio ≥13) and systolic dysfunction [LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) &gt; −17.0% for men and &gt; −18.0% for women] were greater in AVS groups than those in no AVS group. Subclinical LV diastolic impairment was evident from AV thickening and systolic dysfunction was observed at AV calcification. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that AV thickening as well as calcification were independently associated with subclinical LV diastolic impairment (all P &lt; 0.05), while only AV calcification on ≥2 leaflets conferred significant increased risk of impaired LVGLS.ConclusionAVS was observed in approximately 20% individuals without cardiac disease and was associated with subclinical LV diastolic and systolic function even in the absence of LV morphological change.
Bernardin de Saint-Pierre’s ‘Explication de quelques termes de marine’ (1773)
Authors: Howells Robin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Bernardin de Saint-Pierre’s
Voyage à l’île de France
(1773), his first publication, contains near its end a curious segment which has received scant critical attention. This ‘Explication’ undertakes to elucidate maritime terms used in his travel narrative. Such short alphabetical glossaries, constituting in effect a subgenre of the nautical dictionary, appear in other voyage accounts of the period. But Bernardin begins by announcing that he has added to his explications of terms ‘des étymologies’, which are moreover ‘point sçavantes, mais conformes à l’esprit du peuple […] qui donne le nom aux choses’. This article argues that these allegedly popular etymologies, largely invented by Bernardin (who invokes Rabelais), are in the main to be read as ludic and satirical. Playing with ‘the body of the word’, employing fragmentation and punning, they mock both erudite and demotic derivations of terms. But the etymologies of the people also show that names contain their own meaning, establishing a comic Cratylism. The playful mode of this early piece allows Bernardin to adumbrate daring ideas while keeping them at an ironic distance. Taken seriously and attributed to Providence, the notion of an immanent signification in language, as in nature, exhibited to humankind, will be developed in later works.
ANKRD11 pathogenic variants and 16q24.3 microdeletions share an altered DNA methylation signature in patients with KBG syndrome
Authors: Awamleh Zain , Choufani Sanaa , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Alkuraya Fowzan S , Scherer Stephen , Fernandes Sofia , Rosas Catarina , Louro Pedro , Dias Patricia , Neves Mariana Tomásio , Sousa Sérgio B , Weksberg Rosanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ANKRD11 or microdeletions at 16q24.3 are the cause of KBG syndrome (KBGS), a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, dental and skeletal anomalies, and characteristic facies. The ANKRD11 gene encodes the ankyrin repeat-containing protein 11A transcriptional regulator, which is expressed in the brain and implicated in neural development. Syndromic conditions caused by pathogenic variants in epigenetic regulatory genes show unique patterns of DNA methylation (DNAm) in peripheral blood, termed DNAm signatures. Given ANKRD11’s role in chromatin modification, we tested whether pathogenic ANKRD11 variants underlying KBGS are associated with a DNAm signature. We profiled whole-blood DNAm in 21 individuals with ANKRD11 variants, 2 individuals with microdeletions at 16q24.3 and 28 typically developing individuals, using Illumina’s Infinium EPIC array. We identified 95 differentially methylated CpG sites that distinguished individuals with KBGS and pathogenic variants in ANKRD11 (n = 14) from typically developing controls (n = 28). This DNAm signature was then validated in an independent cohort of seven individuals with KBGS and pathogenic ANKRD11 variants. We generated a machine learning model from the KBGS DNAm signature and classified the DNAm profiles of four individuals with variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in ANKRD11. We identified an intermediate classification score for an inherited missense variant transmitted from a clinically unaffected mother to her affected child. In conclusion, we show that the DNAm profiles of two individuals with 16q24.3 microdeletions were indistinguishable from the DNAm profiles of individuals with pathogenic variants in ANKRD11, and we demonstrate the diagnostic utility of the new KBGS signature by classifying the DNAm profiles of individuals with VUS in ANKRD11.
BDDC Algorithms for Oseen problems with HDG Discretizations
Authors: Tu Xuemin , Zhang Jinjin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The balancing domain decomposition by constraints (BDDC) methods are applied to the linear system arising from the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization of the Oseen equation of incompressible flow. The generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) is used to accelerate the convergence. The original system is first reduced to a subdomain interface problem that is asymmetric indefinite, but can be positive definite in a special subspace. Edge/face average constraints can ensure all BDDC-preconditioned GMRES iterates stay in this special subspace. The convergence of the algorithm is analyzed, and additional edge/face constraints are used to improve the convergence. If the subdomain size is small enough, the number of iterations is independent of the number of subdomains, and depends only slightly on the subdomain problem size when the viscosity is large. When the viscosity is small, the convergence deteriorates. However, the numerical examples can give satisfactory results for the linear HDG discretization even with a small viscosity.
Recognizing Everyday Youth Agency: Advocating for a Reflexive Practice in Everyday International Relations
Authors: Beattie Amanda , Bird Gemma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article intervenes in the ongoing discussion of Everyday international relations (IR). It draws on the discourse of epistemic injustice to explore the discussions of emerging research on everyday childhood. The article draws on a series of research visits, between 2017 and 2019, along the so-called Balkan Route attending to the emerging influence of children in the Greek Reception and Identification Centre, on the island of Samos. The article references the emerging discourses of “field” research within the discipline of IR, noting the dynamic nature of such ventures and the role of a reflexive practice therein. Using open-ended interviews, research diaries, and author observations, the article provides a detailed description of the role that education nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on the island play in supporting child refugees, while opening up spaces of education, solidarity, and community building. It argues for the inclusion of children, as agents, within the discussions of Everyday IR to redress the erasure of children’s lived experience within everyday IR. The potential role of adults in this process is acknowledged and the article puts forward an alternative understanding of the adult/child relationship paying attention to the dynamics of power, the need for reflexive and critical listening, to hear the stories and ideas of children and young people, on their own terms aware that the article itself falls prey to some of the articulated challenges. It hopes to ignite a conversation beyond the (potential) central role for children in Everyday IR imagining their role within knowledge production.