bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating the Electrocatalysis of MoS2 Basal Plane for Hydrogen Evolution via Atomic Defect Configurations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Jiang Xingxing , Shao Gonglei , Xiang Haiyan , Li Zhiwei , Jin Yuanyuan , Chen Yang , Jiang Huili , Li Huimin , Shui Jianglan , Feng Yexin , Liu Song 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoint defects of heteroatoms and vacancies can activate the inert basal plane of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) to improve its performance on catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the synergy between heteroatoms and vacancies is still unclear. Here, a chemical vapor deposition‐assisted in situ vanadium (V) doping method is used to synthesize monolayer MoS2 with abundant and tunable vacancies and V‐dopants in the lattice. Ten delicate defect configurations are prepared to provide a complex system for the relationship investigation between microstructure and catalytic performance. The combination of on‐chip electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations indicates that the HER performance greatly depends on the type and amount of defect configurations. The optimal configuration is that three V atoms are aggregated and accompanied by abundant sulfur vacancies, in which, H atoms directly interact with Mo and V atoms to form the most stable metal‐bridge structure. The on‐chip measurements also confirm that the sample with high concentrations of this type of defect configuration exhibits the best catalytic performance, indicating the efficient synergy in the optimal configuration. The revealed effects of defect configurations are expected to inspire the design and regulation of high‐efficiency 2D catalysts.
A Pyrolysis‐Free Method Toward Large‐Scale Synthesis of Ultra‐Highly Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zinc‐Air Flow Batteries
Authors: Li Xueli , Liu Di , Liu Qingbin , Xiang Zhonghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe transition‐metal nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) catalysts, as one of the optimal bifunctional oxygen catalysts, are vital for cathodic oxygen electrode of Zn‐based air flow batteries (ZAFBs). However, chemical complexity of M‐N‐C catalysts prepared via the traditional pyrolytic process increases the difficulties of precise control toward configuration and repeatability, especially in large‐scale synthesis. Herein, a bifunctional oxygen catalyst via a pyrolysis‐free approach based on closed π‐conjugated covalent organic polymers (COPs, microwave synthesis) is developed, which inherits the advantage of the well‐defined configuration in an atomic manner. Profited from distinct catalytic centers and strong electronic coupling at the interface between COP and layered double hydroxides, the as‐synthesized catalyst not only more easily permits large quantity production (>1 kg per batch), but also maintains an ultrahigh bifunctional activity and a long cycle stability even after scale synthesis (ΔE [Ej10 – E1/2] = 591 mV; energy efficiency drops by only 2.02% after 1200 cycles), which overwhelmingly exceeds the benchmark Pt/C+IrO2 and the state‐of‐the‐art pyrolytic bifunctional M‐N‐C oxygen catalysts.
Dual‐Colored Janus Microspheres with Photonic and Plasmonic Faces
Authors: Kim Jong Bin , Kim Ji‐Won , Kim Minjung , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotonic and plasmonic colors, stemming from nanostructures of dielectric materials and metals, are promising for pigment‐free coloration. In particular, nanostructures with structural colors have been employed in stimuli‐responsive Janus microparticles to provide active color pixels. Here, the authors report a simple strategy to produce electro‐responsive Janus microspheres composed of photonic and plasmonic faces for active color change. The photonic microspheres are first prepared by self‐assembly of silica particles in emulsion droplets of photocurable resin. The silica particles form 3D crystalline arrays in the interior and 2D hexagonal arrays on the interface. The emulsion droplets are photocured and the silica particles are selectively removed to make porous photonic microspheres with hexagonal arrays of dimples on the surface. Directional deposition of gold or aluminum on the photonic microsphere develops plasmonic color on the top hemisphere while maintaining photonic color on the bottom hemisphere. Moreover, the metal deposited on one side renders the Janus microspheres electro‐responsive. Therefore, the photonic and plasmonic colors are switchable by the orientation control of the Janus microspheres with an external electric field. The photonic and plasmonic colors are independently adjustable by employing two different sizes of silica particles in core–shell emulsion drops.
Synthesis of NiSe2/Fe3O4 Nanotubes with Heteroepitaxy Configuration as a High‐Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Xin , Xie Qifan , Lu Gongxun , Wang Yao , Liu Tiefeng , Liu Yujing , Tao Xinyong , Nai Jianwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rational design of high‐efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) is of significance in electrochemical energy conversion. However, such low‐cost but highly active electrocatalysts remain poorly developed because of the daunting synthetic challenge. Here, the synthesis of NiSe2/Fe3O4 nanotubes via a facile self‐templating strategy, which manifests unique tetragonal morphology, asymmetric hollow interior, and unusual but adaptable heteroepitaxy structure, is reported. Benefiting from sufficient active sites and their improved activity around the heterointerface, accompanied by the good conductivity, the NiSe2/Fe3O4 nanotubes exhibit as a superior OER electrocatalyst, which affords the current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a very small overpotential of 199 mV, high attainable current density beyond 200 mA cm−2, and mass activity of 984.5 A g−1, as well as excellent stability for 100 h in the alkaline media. This work provides a unique synthetic pathway to fabricate superior OER electrocatalysts by optimizing their composition and architecture.
From Megamexico to the Amazon: Phylogeny, systematics and macroevolution of Clowesia (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae)
Authors: Tamayo‐Cen Iván , Carnevali Germán , Ramírez‐Morillo Ivón M. , Cetzal‐Ix William , Romero‐González Gustavo A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClowesia is a relatively small Neotropical genus of Orchidaceae sister to the much larger Catasetum. A hypothesis of internal relationships was proposed in the 1990s, based solely on morphological and life history characters, which so far has not been robustly tested, which is done herein. The genus encompasses seven formally described species; here, we synonymize one species, describe Clowesia arevaloi as a new species endemic to Ecuador, propose the new combination Clowesia scurra and designate lectotypes for C. dodsoniana and C. thylaciochila. Furthermore, we propose an epitype for C. glaucoglossa, and a type for Warsewitschia. We also propose a lectotype and establish the correct authorship for Warsewitschia, a hitherto ignored synonym of Clowesia. We present a phylogenetic analysis of combined molecular evidence (ITS, ETS, matK‐trnK, trnS‐G, yfc1), evaluate the evolution of reproductive characters and explore the biogeography of the genus. Our main results are: Clowesia, as well as its composing clades hypothesized in the 1990s, is monophyletic, and the relationships between species feature a divergence pattern associated with their reproductive strategies, the most important of all being the place where the pollinarium is positioned on the bee's body. Likewise, we estimate the origin of the genus in Megamexico in the Miocene; the divergence and diversification of the main clades within appears to be associated with the expansion and contraction of vegetation types, as well as the closing of the isthmus of Panama, which eventually allowed the return to the Amazon, the area where currently most species of Catasetinae are found.
Emerging roles of BET proteins in transcription and co‐transcriptional RNA processing
Authors: Eischer Nicole , Arnold Mirjam , Mayer Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranscription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) gives rise to all nuclear protein‐coding and a large set of non‐coding RNAs, and is strictly regulated and coordinated with RNA processing. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family proteins including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 have been implicated in the regulation of Pol II transcription in mammalian cells. However, only recent technological advances have allowed the analysis of direct functions of individual BET proteins with high precision in cells. These studies shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of transcription control by BET proteins challenging previous longstanding views. The most studied BET protein, BRD4, emerges as a master regulator of transcription elongation with roles also in coupling nascent transcription with RNA processing. In contrast, BRD2 is globally required for the formation of transcriptional boundaries to restrict enhancer activity to nearby genes. Although these recent findings suggest non‐redundant functions of BRD4 and BRD2 in Pol II transcription, more research is needed for further clarification. Little is known about the roles of BRD3. Here, we illuminate experimental work that has initially linked BET proteins to Pol II transcription in mammalian cells, outline main methodological breakthroughs that have strongly advanced the understanding of BET protein functions, and discuss emerging roles of individual BET proteins in transcription and transcription‐coupled RNA processing. Finally, we propose an updated model for the function of BRD4 in transcription and co‐transcriptional RNA maturation.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Symmetry relationships between the crystal structures of chalcopyrite and its derivatives – a systematic approach to inform XRD analysis of Cu−Fe−S phases
Authors: Frenzel Ninett , Frisch Gero 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChalcopyrite is the most important mineral for copper production and a detailed understanding regarding its chemical behaviour is essential for the development of Cu‐winning processes. However, previous literature describing chalcopyrite synthesis and phase behaviour are inconsistent and sometimes contradictive. Here, we discuss the symmetry relationships between chalcopyrite and other phases in the Cu−Fe−S system, namely isocubanite, talnakhite, mooihoekite, haycockite, and the so‐called intermediate solid solution. We show how these closely related crystal structures result in similar X‐ray diffraction patterns, which can easily result in false conclusions when studying chalcopyrite synthesis and phase behaviour. By discussing previous literature results in light of our findings, we hope to resolve key contradictions and uncertainties in this field and inform future research into the chemical behaviour of this technologically important mineral.
Backpropagating Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for fast Lefschetz thimble calculations
Authors: Fujisawa Genki , Nishimura Jun , Sakai Katsuta , Yosprakob Atis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Picard-Lefschetz theory has been attracting much attention as a tool to evaluate a multi-variable integral with a complex weight, which appears in various important problems in theoretical physics. The idea is to deform the integration contour based on Cauchy’s theorem using the so-called gradient flow equation. In this paper, we propose a fast Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for evaluating the integral, where we “backpropagate” the force of the fictitious Hamilton dynamics on the deformed contour to that on the original contour, thereby reducing the required computational cost by a factor of the system size. Our algorithm can be readily extended to the case in which one integrates over the flow time in order to solve not only the sign problem but also the ergodicity problem that occurs when there are more than one thimbles contributing to the integral. This enables, in particular, efficient identification of all the dominant saddle points and the associated thimbles. We test our algorithm by calculating the real-time evolution of the wave function using the path integral formalism.
Atomic Technologies and Nuclear Safety Practices in Spain During the 1960s
Authors: Romero de Pablos Ana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of a nuclear power reactor from the North American company Westinghouse in 1964 not only brought atomic practices and knowledge to Spain but also introduced new methods of industrial organization and management, as well as regulations created by organizations such as the US Atomic Energy Commission (US AEC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This article analyzes the history of the knowledge, regulations and experimental practices relating to radiation safety and protection that traveled with this reactor to an industrial space: the Zorita nuclear power plant. Within this space, the appropriation, use, and coproduction of knowledge and practices were conditioned by political, economic, industrial and social factors, and by the engineers, researchers and other professionals who contributed expert knowledge. Material held in the Tecnatom Historical Archive—the engineering company that coordinated construction of the plant—is the main source for this work, which delves into the history of knowledge and atomic technologies and adds to the historiography of radiological protection in Spain.
Whole breast radiotherapy in cN0 early breast cancer patients with pathological sentinel lymph nodes (pN1mic, pN1a) without axillary dissection: preliminary results of the observational LISEN trial
Authors: Ursini Lucia Anna , Nuzzo Marianna , Rosa Consuelo , Borgia Marzia , Caravatta Luciana , Di Tommaso Monica , Trignani Marianna , Di Guglielmo Fiorella Cristina , Ausili Cefaro Giampiero , Angelucci Domenico , Muzi Marzia , Martino Gianluigi , Cianchetti Ettore , Grossi Simona , Tavoletta Saveria , Brocco Davide , Grassadonia Antonino , Tinari Nicola , Gildetti Simona , D’Ostilio Nicola , Stuppia Liborio , Porreca Annamaria , Di Nicola Marta , Genovesi Domenico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Axillary management remains unclear when sentinel lymph node (SLN) results are positive in cN0 patients with breast cancer (BC). The trial ACOSOG Z0011 represented a revolution with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) omission in SLN+ patients, despite critiques regarding non-uniformity of radiation fields. We conducted an observational study (LISEN) where whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) was planned with tangential fields without nodal irradiation in patients eligible for the Z0011 trial.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were female patients with histologically proven BC, cT1-2cN0, planned conservative surgery, no neoadjuvant therapy. Patients were stratified into two groups: micrometastatic (pN1mic, group 1) and macrometastatic (pN1a, group 2) lymph nodes. Tangential field WBRT was mandatory. Clinical outcomes were analysed, measured from surgery until the first event.

Results
In all, 199 patients underwent conservative surgery and SLN biopsy; 133 patients meeting criteria were analysed: 41 patients (30.8%) pN1mic and 92 (69.2%) pN1a. The 5‑year disease-free survival (DFS) was 95.0% (85.9–100%) in group 1 and 93.0% (86.3–100.0%) in group 2 (p = 0.78). Overall survival (OS) was 100% (100–100%) in group 1 and 97.4% (92.4–100%) in group 2 (p = 0.74). For the whole cohort DFS and OS were 93.6% (88.2–99.4%) and 96.9% (91.5–100.0%), respectively. For groups 1 and 2, the 5‑year outcomes were 5.0% (0.0–14.4%) and 2.3% (0.0–6.1%) for local recurrence (p = 0.51), and 6.2% (0.0–17.4%) and 7.0% (0.0–13.7%) for distant metastasis (p = 0.61), respectively. In group 1, regional recurrence (RR) and local regional recurrence (LRR) were 5.0% (0.0–14.1%; p = 0.13). In group 2, RR and LRR were 0.0% (0.0–0.0%).

Conclusion
Our results showed good regional control in patients who met the Z0011 trial criteria. WBRT, without nodal surgery or RT, avoiding axillary morbidity, seems to be a good choice.
Diagnosing Hip Microinstability: an international consensus study using the Delphi methodology
Authors: Khanduja Vikas , Darby Nicholas , O’Donnell John , Bonin Nicolas , Safran Marc R. ,   The International Microinstability Expert Panel, Andrade A. J. , Krych Aaron , Malviya Ajay , Stubbs Allston J , Takla Amir , Papavasiliou Athanasios , Lund Bent , McBryde Callum , Nawabi Danyal , Kohlrieser Dave , Belzile Etienne L. , Witt Johan , Sunil Kumar Karadi Hari , Enseki Keelan R , Diamond Laura , Ejnisman Leandro , Bankes Marcus , Wilson Matt , Mohtadi Nicholas , Marin-Pena Oliver , Ayeni Olufemi , Christofilopoulos Panayiotis , Singh Parminder , Field Richard , Uchida Soshi , Løken Sverre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeHip microinstability is a relatively new diagnosis which is increasingly being discussed in the literature and yet there are no clear guidelines for making a diagnosis. Microinstability has generally been defined as persistent excessive hip motion that has become symptomatic especially with pain. This aim of this Delphi study was to seek expert opinion to formulate a diagnostic criteria for hip microinstability.MethodsA Delphi methodology was used for this consensus study. A literature search was conducted on PubMed up to March 2019 using the keywords ((hip) and (microinstability)) to identify relevant articles on this topic. All relevant criteria used for diagnosing hip microinstability were collated to create a questionnaire and further criterion suggested by the experts were included as well. Four rounds of questionnaires were delivered via an online survey platform. Between each round the authors acted as administrating intermediaries, providing the experts with a summary of results and synthesising the next questionnaire. The expert panel was comprised of 27 members: 24 (89%) orthopaedic surgeons and 3 (11%) physiotherapists from around the world.ResultsExpert panel participation in rounds 1–4 was: 27 (100%), 20 (74%), 21 (78%) and 26 (96%) respectively. A literature review by the authors identified 32 diagnostic criteria to populate the first questionnaire. Experts suggested amending three criteria and creating five new criteria. The panel converged on ranking 3 (8%) of criteria as “Not important”, 20 (54%) as “Minor Factors” and 14 (38%) as “Major Factors”. No criteria was ranked as “Essential”. Criteria were subcategorised into patient history, examination and imaging. Experts voted for a minimum requirement of four criteria in each subcategory, including at least six “Major factors”. The final diagnostic tool was approved by 20 (77%) of the final round panel.ConclusionThis study describes the first known expert consensus on diagnosing hip microinstability. The relative complexity of the final diagnostic tool is illustrative of the difficulty clinicians’ face when making this diagnosis.Level of evidenceV.
Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC–MS/MS analysis
Authors: Alexandridou Anastasia , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe determination of vitamin D metabolites as status marker or for diagnostic purposes is almost entirely conducted from blood serum or plasma. Other biological matrices, however, have also interested researchers, for two main reasons: (1) alternative matrices may allow non-invasive sampling, permit easier sample transfer and require less demanding storage conditions; and (2) the levels of vitamin D metabolites in other body compartments may further aid the understanding of vitamin D metabolism and function. Thus, the development of reliable and efficient sample preparation protocols for sample matrices other than serum/plasma, which will remove potential interferences and selectively extract the targeted metabolites, is of great importance. This review summarizes sample preparation methods for measurement of vitamin D metabolites using liquid chromatography-(tandem)mass spectrometry in more than ten different human tissues, including hair, saliva, adipose tissue, brain and others.
Graphical abstract
MRI detection of suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gorolay Vineet Vijay , Niles Naomi Natasha , Huo Ya Ruth , Ahmadi Navid , Hanneman Kate , Thompson Elizabeth , Chan Michael Vinchill 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Endoscopic biopsy is recommended for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A proportion of lesions are hidden from endoscopic view but detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the diagnostic performance of MRI for detection of NPC.

Methods
An electronic search of twelve databases and registries was performed. Studies were included if they compared the diagnostic accuracy of MRI to a reference standard (histopathology) in patients suspected of having NPC. The primary outcome was accuracy for detection of NPC. Random-effects models were used to pool outcomes for sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR). Bias and applicability were assessed using the modified QUADAS-2 tool.

Results
Nine studies were included involving 1736 patients of whom 337 were diagnosed with NPC. MRI demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 98.1% (95% CI 95.2–99.3%), specificity of 91.7% (95% CI 88.3–94.2%), negative LR of 0.02 (95% CI 0.01–0.05), and positive LR of 11.9 (95% CI 8.35–16.81) for detection of NPC. Most studies were performed in regions where NPC is endemic, and there was a risk of selection bias due to inclusion of retrospective studies and one case–control study. There was limited reporting of study randomization strategy.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that MRI has a high pooled sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value for detection of NPC. MRI may be useful for lesion detection prior to endoscopic biopsy and aid the decision to avoid biopsy in patients with a low post-test probability of disease.
Propensity‐Matched Analysis of the Short‐Term Outcome of Robot‐Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Versus Conventional Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy in Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Fujita Takeo , Sato Kazuma , Ozaki Asako , Akutsu Tomohiro , Fujiwara Hisashi , Kojima Takashi , Daiko Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this matched‐cohort study, we investigated the short‐term outcome of robot‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) compared with conventional minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy (MIE) in esophageal cancer patients.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐nine patients with thoracic esophageal cancer scheduled to undergo thoracic esophagectomy between 2020 and 2021 were assigned to either RAMIE or MIE. Then, we retrospectively evaluated the postoperative surgical complications between two groups in a propensity‐matched analyzation.ResultsBased on the propensity‐matched score, 50 patients who underwent RAMIE or MIE were selected. Thoracic surgery time in RAMIE/MIE group were 233.1/173.3 min (p < 0.01), respectively. No significant intergroup differences were observed regarding incisional anastomotic leakage (RAMIE group 4.0% vs. MIE group 6.0%) and pneumonia (RAMIE group 8.0% vs. MIE group 12.0%; p = 0.68). The respective incidences of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis were 34.0 and 8.0% in the MIE and RAMIE groups, respectively (p < 0.01). In the matched cohort, no differences were observed between the groups in the success accomplishment of the clinical management pathway (RAMIE group 94.0% vs. MIE group 88.0%).ConclusionsAlthough patients who underwent RAMIE had longer operation times, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis was lower than with MIE. Further study in a prospective multi‐institutional setting are required to confirm the superiority of RAMIE compared with MIE.