bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of health education intervention on promoting knowledge, beliefs and preventive behaviors on brucellosis among rural population in Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India
Authors: Ghugey Satish L. , Setia Maninder S. , Deshmukh Jyotsna S. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis diseases in developing and undeveloped countries, with adverse socio-economic status and animal and human health. The essential element for effective prevention and control of brucellosis is to improve the community’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) through Health Education Intervention (HEI).

Aim:
To assess health education intervention’s effect on promoting knowledge, beliefs, and preventive behaviors on brucellosis among rural populations in Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India.

Methods and Materials:
382 subjects over 18 years with a history of animal contact or consuming animal products were randomly selected. Data were collected through questionnaires and checklists. The pre-test was implemented and followed by HEI. The post-test was conducted after 45 to 60 days. For the attitude five-point Likert scale and knowledge and practice, a two-point assessment scale [yes, no] was applied. SPSS was used to analyze paired t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Result:
Of 382 subjects, 300 (78.5%) were male, and the mean age of 42.15 ± 13.72. Before HEI, 18 (5%) subjects heard about brucellosis. After HEI, reduction in the risk behaviors practices like raw milk consumption (P < 0.0001), assisted animal delivery without gown (P = 0.002), throwing animal birth products in the dustbin (P < 0.0001) were statistically significant. After implementing HEI, subjects were more aware of animal and human brucellosis signs/symptoms (P < 0.0001). Awareness of disease transmission route (P < 0.0001) and up-gradation in knowledge (P < 0.0001) were statistically significant among subjects after HEI.

Conclusions:
HEI substantially affects KAP and changes community behaviors to prevent brucellosis transmission. The authors recommend implementing HEI in the community to prevent brucellosis.
Investigating the role of body force or strength (Quwa) in causing diseases in Iranian traditional medicine and the role of cellular energy in causing diseases in conventional medicine
Authors: Akbari Hassan , Ayati Mohammad H. , Vaghasloo Mahdi A. , Karimi Mehrdad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although much of conventional medicine has its roots in traditional medicine, from the point of view of Iranian medicine, health means when organs function naturally, and disease occurs when organs cannot performproperly. Doing actions naturally requires force, some actions require one force and some require two or more. The forces of the human body include the natural forces, the spiritual forces, and the vital forces, with the help of which human actions are performed. Therefore, in order to perform actions normally, a person must have all the forces of his body in a proper situation. According to the principles of modern medicine, the function of the body and cells depends on the energy content of cells, and most of the chemical reactions in the cells are related to the availability of energy in foods for various cell physiological systems. Any event that leads to a drop in energy production or energy loss or a reduction in cells’ access to energy can lead to a range of related diseases. On the other hand, if the body cells have enough access to energy and perform all functions well, the disease will not occur and the ability to fight possible diseases will be higher. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of potency in causing diseases in Iranian medicine and the role of cellular energy in causing diseases in conventional medicine. It was concluded that all principles of health refer to the optimization of energy production and consumption in the cells. Accordingly, more energy available to the cell leads to the normal function of cells and the higher ability of the body cells to fight disease.
Development of an indigenous manual of cognitive behavior sex therapy for young men
Authors: Bilal Ahmad , Abbasi Najam ul Hasan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some studies with Western men have shown promising results for the efficacy of cognitive behavior sex therapy (CBST) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The two randomized controlled trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of CBST as a treatment of choice for young men with non-organic erectile dysfunction (NOED). The two randomized controlled trials were run to assess the efficacy of CBST and integrated treatment approaches for the treatment of NOED in young Pakistani men. The two studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov vide No. NCT04179747 and NCT04126252. The sex therapy techniques were combined with cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness to develop an indigenous approach for the treatment of NOED in young Pakistani men. The CBST significantly improved International Index of Erectile Functioning-5 scores in two studies. The CBST also decreased depression scores associated with NOED. The CBST is a treatment of choice for young Pakistani men with NOED. The CBST is also significant in improving the mental health conditions associated with NOED.
Association of -675 4G/5G PAI-1 and -2518A/G MCP-1 genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in Kashmiri women: A case control study
Authors: Yousuf Syed Douhath , Ganie Mohammad Ashraf , Mudassar Syed , Shafi Humiara , Ibrahim Saima , Jeelani Humira , Rashid Gowhar , Zargar Mohammad A. , Rashid Fouzia 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder among females of fertile age. It has been speculated to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation like other inflammatory response-driven multifactorial illnesses such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, respectively. These have been found to be elevated in PCOS patients. The current research reveals that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their genes are strongly associated with the elevation of these biomarkers. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between PAI-1 -675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphisms with the occurrence of PCOS.

Material and Method:
This study included 220 PCOS participants and 220 healthy controls. The allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods were used to investigate PAI-1-675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518A/G SNPs, respectively.

Results:
The -675 4G/5G SNP in the PAI-1 gene was strongly linked to PCOS. The odds ratio (OR) for the 4G/4G genotype was (OR = 3.2; P = 0.001), whereas the OR for the 4G/5G genotype was (OR = 2.39; P = 0.001). The carriers with the 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes showed significantly increasing trends in the triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). The genotypic frequency of the -2518 A/G MCP-1 SNP differed significantly between the PCOS patients and healthy controls; the GG genotype remained a strong predictor of PCOS (OR = 8.7; P = 0.01) and the AG genotype (OR = 2.40; P = 0.01), indicating an elevated risk of predisposing women to PCOS. There was a significant variation in the glucose 2-h levels between -2518A/G MCP-1 genotypes with AG heterozygous and GG mutant genotype showing increasing trends of glucose 2-h levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both PAI-1 -675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518A/G polymorphisms are associated with predisposition to PCOS and its complications in Kashmiri women.
Exploring awareness, attitude, and practices toward mental illnesses: A cross-sectional survey among university students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqassim Ahmad , Makeen Anwar , Ahmed Anas , Alqarny Abdulilah , Alrabaee Awidah , Aboalqasim Almothana , Ageel Abdulmageed , Alnami Anas , Hassani Mousa , Hakami Mohammed , Mahfouz Mohamed , Alharbi Abdullah 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Mental illness is a serious condition requiring early intervention. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and stigma toward mental illness among university students in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted during the academic year 2018–2019 in a university in Saudi Arabia. Stratified random sampling was adopted to select students (n = 778). A standardized self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.

Results:
The students had an adequate level of knowledge on mental illness (44.1%), and almost half of them had a positive attitude (52.2%) toward mental illness. The female students (55.9%) exhibited a significantly higher positive attitude than the males (48.4%) (P = 0.038). The students’ knowledge level increased significantly with an increase in the academic year (P = 0.010). The students from urban places showed a significantly higher knowledge level (50.5%) than those from the rural areas (40.5%) (P = 0.007). The students from health-related colleges (59.7%) showed higher positive attitudes, but without statistical significance (P = 0.104) than those from other colleges. The female gender (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.88, P = 0.020) was an important factor associated with positive attitudes. The important independent predictors of adequate mental illness knowledge were living in urban places (OR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.09–1.98, P = 0.012) and studying in the sixth year (OR = 2.1, 95% CI, 1.1–3.9, P = 0.028).

Conclusions:
Although students showed a favorable attitude toward mental illness, their knowledge level can be improved. Research outcomes can be used to design health educational interventions to enhance university students’ mental health literacy.
The comparison of self-management group education and the standard care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al Harbi Shatha Saleh , Alajmi Mubarak Mohammed , Algabbas Sulaiman Mohammed , Alharbi Mohammad Saleh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of self-management group education versus the standard care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). An electronic search was performed in nine databases including PubMed for selecting eligible studies. Meta-analysis was used for pooling of the results. Of 3446 records screened, we included ten studies for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Regarding assessment of effectiveness, there was a significant superiority reported in the intervention group when compared to the usual/standard care (standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval] = 0.24 [0.15; 0.32]). The intervention group had a significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and body mass index compared to the usual/standard care (p < 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the levels of high-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure (SBP), or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Self-management group education interventions are recommended in patients with type 2 DM for their effectiveness in different clinical aspects.
Self-reported perspectives, Lived experiences and Assessment of COVID-19 survivors in India from media and social media during Nationwide lockdown: A Preliminary study
Authors: Raman Praveena , Chidambaranathan Pravda 
Published: September 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a tremendous threat as a rapidly spreading disease, and has significant consequences on the global public health in particular to the psychological aspect of the survivors. The lived experiences require urgent documentation to tailor-make psychiatric assessments and long-term follow-ups.

Aim
To explore adolescents’ self-reported perspectives and lived experiences during their COVID-19 illness which was voluntarily shared through media and social media platforms during the nationwide lockdown in India.

Methods
Being a preliminary study, the sample size was calculated as 20 based on similar studies in the literature. Voluntarily shared data of COVID-19 survivors were extracted from media and social media. Based on the data, an assessment sheet was prepared, pre-tested and shared with three observers via convenient sampling.

Results
Male predominance was noted. The mean age was found to be 39.5 years. English was the most commonly uploaded language to communicate suffering. Instagram and YouTube were the most prevalent social media sites for self-reported experiences. The most prevalent physical symptom was fever and cough. Stress, anxiety and stigmatization were more commonly reported. Statistical significance was obtained between fear and end of life, depression and suicide, pain and isolation and worried with insomnia.

Conclusion
COVID-19 not only affects physical health but also takes a toll on the mental health of the patients. There is a high prevalence rate of psychological distress among COVID-19 survivors, and we recommend a formal psychiatric assessment and long-term follow-up to understand the unique challenges faced by the COVID-19 survivors, with effective communication and empathy towards them.
Puberty signs and its relationship with lifestyle in 8-to-10-year-old girls: A descriptive-analytical study
Authors: Esfarjani Shahla Vaziri , Jamalzade Nadia Ghorban , Hakim Ashrafalsadat , Hesam Saeed 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Declining the age of puberty causes many different physical, emotional and social changes that lead to negative consequences in adolescence and middle age. In the past 100 years, the average age of puberty has declined all over the world. External factors related to the lifestyle have effects on general sequences of puberty stages. The present study aimed to evaluate the puberty signs and their relationship with the lifestyle of 8-to-10-year-old girls in Ahvaz City.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 girls between 8 to 10 years of age from public schools of Ahvaz City from 2019 to 2020. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used. The lifestyle questionnaire was distributed among the parents, and the children were examined physically for secondary sex characteristics. To analyze the data, SPSS 22 was used with the analyses and descriptive methods.

Results:
57.6% of the children experienced puberty, with an average onset age of 9.36 for girls. There was a significant relationship between the age of puberty onset and birth order (P = 0.007), body mass index (P = 0.001), nutrition of 8-year-old girls (P = 0.008) and alcohol abuse of 9-year-old girls’ families (P = 0.039). There was no significant relationship between the beginning age of puberty with environmental, social and psychological health.

Conclusion:
Results indicated a lower age of puberty onset compared to previous studies in the country. Therefore, these results can be a database for future analyses and comparisons.
Readiness to change among parents of overweight/obese children in Saudi Arabia and influencing factors
Authors: Arabi Hisham , Altaf Lina Z. , Khashoggi Alya A. , Alwazzan Shahad B. , Aldibasi Omar , Jamil Syed F. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Pediatric overweight/obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Accurate parental perception of children’s weight status is crucial in preventing and tackling this issue. Despite the consistent increase in prevalence of the childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia, the role of the parents is not well described. This study aims to explore Saudi parents’ readiness to change the lifestyle of their overweight/obese children and the barriers facing it.

Individuals and Methods:
Through a cross-sectional design, 362 parents of overweight/obese children attending King Abdulla Specialized Children’s Hospital were selected and requested to fill a predesigned questionnaire reflecting their perception about their children’s weight status and their preparedness to change their lifestyle. A Chi-square test was used to verify significance. A P value of <0.05 was considered an indication of significance.

Results:
Among all overweight/obese children (n = 362), obese children formed 39.5 and 22.7% had morbid obesity. Only one half of the parents (49.7%) had correct perception about their children’s weight. Correct perception increases significantly with an increase age of the child and in the presence of family history of diabetes, P < 0.05. Only 68.9% were worried about body weight of their children, the percentage was significantly higher in younger parents; parents with obese children and with a positive family history of hypertension P < 0.05. In total, 83.1% of the worried parents proceeded to preparation and action stages; the percentage was significantly higher among parents whom their children were free from identified comorbidities, P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
Misconception about real weight status of overweight/obese children is common in Saudi parents. Parents who have correct perception and worried about health status of their children are more likely to take actions. The first step in controlling children’s obesity is to educate parents about how to recognize the real weight status of their children and to be aware about the health-related problems of obesity.
Direct oral anticoagulant: Review article
Authors: Nasiri Abdulrahman , AlQahtani Ahmed , Rayes Nora H. , AlQahtani Rawan , Alkharras Reem , Alghethber Hamad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major burden on the health care system. The average occurrence of venous thromboembolism annually is around 108 per 100,000 person-year. DOACs have transformed treatment of coagulation disorder, and now, it is the leading treatment for stroke prevention in AF and VTE prophylaxis and treatment. For more many years, oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were the drug of choice in managing VTE. VKAs treatment is safe and effective if therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) maintained on the target. However, achieving a stable, therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) can be difficult and challenging in the context of drug and food interactions and liver disorder, resulting in undertreatment which increases the risk of thromboembolism or overtreatment which might cause bleeding. Herein, we provide an overview of DOACs indications, use in specific comorbidities, monitoring parameters, perioperative management, and reversal agents.
Hospice vs Palliative care: A comprehensive review for primary care physician
Authors: Sheikh Mona , Sekaran Sruthi , Kochhar Hansini , Khan Asma Tasnim , Gupta Ishita , Mago Arpit , Maskey Upasana , Marzban Sima 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
End-of-life medical services in the form of Hospice or Palliative care were initiated in the middle of 1900 in order to comfort the dying patients and support their families. There are a lot of similarities and differences between the two services. Many healthcare providers, including physicians, physician assistants, and nurses, are not fully trained or have comprehensive knowledge of these two types of end-of-life medical care. Through this paper, we aim to provide a thorough review of Hospice and Palliative care for internist and primary care physicians both in terms of indications or eligibility criteria; the similarities and differences between the two types of care; factors that disqualify an enrolled patient; and lastly, the role or use of Hospice and palliative care during COVID-19 pandemic.
Chronic abdominal pain due to entrapment of the anterior abdominal cutaneous nerve (ACNES): About a case
Authors: Galindo Blanca Sanchez 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anterior abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a chronic neuropathic abdominal pain that can radiate dorsally and occurs as a result of entrapment of the thoracic intercostal nerves in the abdominal muscles. This pain increases with the contraction of the abdominal muscles and is not related to meals or bowel habits. Its diagnosis is based on history and physical examination without the need for additional tests. The treatment of this pathology consists of the infiltration of a local anesthetic together with corticosteroids at the point of greatest pain, which achieves an immediate resolution of the pain.
The effects of intrinsic foot muscles strengthening exercises on knee kinematic in pronated foot subjects during forward jump landing
Authors: Sadeghi Marzieh , Mohammadi Hosein Kouhzad , Mehravar Mohammad , Salehi Reza , Taheri Navid , Karimzadeh Atefeh 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The foot and ankle are a complex set of multiple joints with multiple degrees of freedom that play an important role in static and dynamic activities. The intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of this complex play a role in controlling the deformity of the arch; thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the intrinsic foot muscle-strengthening exercises on knee kinematic parameters in pronated foot subjects during forward jump landing.

Methods:
This interventional study was performed on students aged 20–30-years old with foot pronation in the School of Rehabilitation. In this study, the kinematic changes of the knee in the frontal, sagittal and transverse plane before and after 6 weeks of strengthening exercises of the intrinsic foot muscles during the forward jump-landing task were examined using a motion analyser. All data analysis was performed offline using a special software program in the MATLAB software environment.

Results:
Knee angle variables have a normal distribution before and after exercise. The ICC coefficient of all variables was calculated as between 0.44 and 0.71; therefore, the reproducibility of the variables under study in this study was considered moderate to good. The knee angle on the frontal plate was 2.54 ± 2.4 before the exercises and 2.49 ± 2.14 after the exercises, and there was no significant difference between them (P = 0.21).

Conclusion:
Plantar intrinsic foot muscle-strengthening exercises alone have no effect on the kinematic changes of the knee in people with foot pronation, or the duration of strengthening exercises should be increased during the day to see the effect of strengthening the intrinsic muscles among pronated foot subjects.
Population control bill of Uttar Pradesh (two-child norm): An answer to population explosion or birth of a new social problem?
Authors: Mishra Chandra M. , Paul Sourabh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, the Government of Uttar Pradesh (UP) unveiled a draft bill of the UP Population Policy (2021–2030) on World Population Day to bring down the gross fertility rate and stabilization of the population. The history of the two-child norm in India has shown that different state governments had tried to implement it at different timelines during the past 20 years. Global evidence suggests that Vietnam and Bangladesh have stabilized their population and control birth rate despite not having two-child policies. Moreover, sex-selective abortion, preference for male children, denying the paternity of female children, pre-natal sex determination, and violence against women for giving birth to girl children will be on rise. Female literacy, empowerment, and addressing unmet needs of contraceptives are the time-tested solutions for population control rather than raising a new social problem with a “two-child policy” bill/act.