bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and physiological tolerance explain multi‐trophic soil diversity in temperate mountains
Authors: Calderón‐Sanou Irene , Zinger Lucie , Hedde Mickael , Martinez‐Almoyna Camille , Saillard Amelie , Renaud Julien , Gielly Ludovic , Khedim Norine , Lionnet Clement , Ohlmann Marc , Consortium Orchamp , Münkemüller Tamara , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimAlthough soil biodiversity is extremely rich and spatially variable, both in terms of species and trophic groups, we still know little about its main drivers. Here, we contrast four long‐standing hypotheses to explain the spatial variation of soil multi‐trophic diversity: energy, physiological tolerance, habitat heterogeneity and resource heterogeneity.LocationFrench Alps.MethodsWe built on a large‐scale observatory across the French Alps (Orchamp) made of seventeen elevational gradients (~90 plots) ranging from low to very high altitude (280–3,160 m), and encompassing large variations in climate, vegetation and pedological conditions. Biodiversity measurements of 36 soil trophic groups were obtained through environmental DNA metabarcoding. Using a machine learning approach, we assessed (1) the relative importance of predictors linked to different ecological hypotheses in explaining overall multi‐trophic soil biodiversity and (2) the consistency of the response curves across trophic groups.ResultsWe showed that predictors associated with the four hypotheses had a statistically significant influence on soil multi‐trophic diversity, with the strongest support for the energy and physiological tolerance hypotheses. Physiological tolerance explained spatial variation in soil diversity consistently across trophic groups, and was an especially strong predictor for bacteria, protists and microfauna. The effect of energy was more group‐specific, with energy input through soil organic matter strongly affecting groups related to the detritus channel. Habitat and resource heterogeneity had overall weaker and more specific impacts on biodiversity with habitat heterogeneity affecting mostly autotrophs, and resource heterogeneity affecting bacterivores, phytophagous insects, enchytraeids and saprotrophic fungi.Main ConclusionsDespite the variability of responses to the environmental drivers found across soil trophic groups, major commonalities on the ecological processes structuring soil biodiversity emerged. We conclude that among the major ecological hypotheses traditionally applied to aboveground organisms, some are particularly relevant to predict the spatial variation in soil biodiversity across the major soil trophic groups.
Persistency of window dressing practices in the U.S. repo markets after the GFC: The unexplored role of the deposit insurance premium
Authors: Jaafar Aziz , Polizzi Salvatore , Reghezza Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether the regulatory improvements made in the aftermath of the global financial crisis have been effective in limiting bank downward window dressing by means of repos in the United States. We find that a strict application of the Basel III regulation wipes out incentives to engage in window dressing to bolster the level of leverage Tier 1 ratio at quarter‐end. We also show that the persistency of window dressing is related to the computation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment base, which motivates banks to engage in window dressing to reduce the deposit insurance premium.
Bifidobacterium infantis strain YLGB‐1496 possesses excellent antioxidant and skin barrier‐enhancing efficacy in vitro
Authors: Ma Xue , Pan Yao , Zhao Wen , Sun Peiwen , Zhao Jinfeng , Yan Shiyu , Wang Rui , Han Yuqing , Liu Wei‐Hsien , Tan Shengjie , Hung Wei‐Lian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurring allergic skin disease that has a high incidence. Orally applied Bifidobacteria ameliorate signs of irritated skin and enhance the skin barrier. The present study investigated the safety and efficacy of a topically used cell‐free culture supernatant (CFS) from a Bifidobacterium infantis strain using in vitro evaluation methods. The results showed that CFS had strong free radical scavenging activity on DPPH, ABTS, ·OH and O2‐radicals. CFS treatment fundamentally reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH‐Px) in H2O2‐treated HaCaT cells. Notably, the upregulation of skin physical barrier gene (FLG, LOR, IVL, AQP3 and TGM1) expression and skin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP, hBD‐2 and hBD‐3) expression by CFS might contribute to skin barrier resistance. CFS was non‐irritating to the skin and eyes. CFS from the Bifidobacterium infantis strain had strong antioxidant properties on the skin and strengthened skin barrier function, and it was safe for topical use.
COVID‐19, economic problems, and family relationships in eight Middle East and North African countries
Authors: El Tantawi Maha , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Aly Nourhan M. , Brown Brandon , Ezechi Oliver C. , Uzochukwu Benjamin , Khader Yousef , Al‐Batayneh Ola B. , Al‐Khanati Nuraldeen Maher , Attia Dina Y. , Ellakany Passent , Rashwan Maher , Shamala Anas , Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel , Nguyen Annie L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to assess the reported family relationships during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the association between these relationships and individual, interpersonal, and country‐level income in eight Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.BackgroundCOVID‐19 causes fear of infection, loss of loved ones, and economic problems that may affect family relationships.MethodsData were collected from eight MENA countries using an online survey (July–August 2020). The dependent variable was change in family relationship during COVID‐19, and the independent variables were individual, interpersonal, and country‐level factors represented by sociodemographic factors, COVID‐19 status, financial impact (whether participants lost or had reduced wages) and country income. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted.ResultsThere were 1854 responses, mean (SD) age of 30.6 (9.9) years, 65.8% were female, 3.4% tested COVID‐19 positive, and 20.8% reported lost/reduced wages. Family relationships were more likely to improve or remain unchanged (84.3%) for participants who had a history of COVID‐19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.25, 10.01]). However, family relationships were more likely to not improve for those who knew someone who died of COVID‐19 (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]) and those with lost/reduced wages (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.52, 0.94]).ConclusionFamily relationship improved or remained unchanged for those who tested positive for COVID‐19 and did not improve for those who lost wages or lost someone due to COVID‐19.ImplicationsPolicy makers should develop strategies to provide social and financial support to employees to reduce the losses and adverse social impact caused by the pandemic.
Developing an obesity research agenda with British Pakistani women living in deprived areas with involvement from multisectoral stakeholders: Research priority setting with a seldom heard group
Authors: Iqbal Halima , West Jane , McEachan Rosemary R. C. , Haith‐Cooper Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionBritish Pakistani women have exceptionally high rates of obesity and yet are seldom heard in a research priority setting concerning weight management. The objectives of this study were (i) to ascertain what multisectoral professionals perceive to be the most pressing unmet obesity needs or topic areas that need more research in relation to Pakistani women living in deprived areas of Bradford and (ii) to determine the top 10 obesity health priorities for this group to develop an obesity research agenda.MethodsA two‐step process was adopted using the following: (i) a survey of a wide range of multisectoral professional stakeholders (n = 159) and (ii) a ranking exercise involving Pakistani women living in deprived areas of Bradford (n = 32) to select and prioritize their top 10 obesity health concerns and unmet needs from a list of 31 statements identified in the survey and previous research. Survey data were analysed using inductive content analysis and themes were identified. Themes were translated into statements to be ranked by Pakistani women. The ranking exercise was conducted by telephone either via voice or video call. Data were analysed using a reverse scoring system.ResultsSurvey responses were grouped into statements reflecting the following three categories: education needs; healthy behaviour barriers and mental well‐being. The highest rankings were given by Pakistani women to statements on mental health and the need for education. The top 10 prioritized statements were developed with members of the public into an obesity research agenda that reflected the target population.ConclusionActively engaging British Pakistani women in setting research priorities provided a unique opportunity to understand the key areas they think are important for future research. The culminating research agenda can be used by researchers to advance the field of obesity research in Pakistani communities, thus producing research outputs that are relevant to and have impact in this population.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants in the ranking exercise collected data. Public contributors were involved in developing the prioritized statements into a research agenda.
Once convicted? The long‐term pathways to desistance
Authors: Shapland Joanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are few long‐term studies of the convictions of persistent offenders and the extent to which they may desist from offending. The Sheffield Desistance Study interviewed 113 men aged 19–22 years over four or so years. Their subsequent convictions over the next ten years generally show a continuing pattern of convictions, but with major crime‐free gaps. Initial hopes for desistance, if seen as continuing cessation from crime, have not been fulfilled, linked to both substance abuse and, it is argued, recent penal policy in England and Wales. The question is then how we should see recidivism and desistance.
Evaluation of the biostimulatory effects and the level of neocollagenesis of dermal fillers: a review
Authors: Haddad Sasha , Galadari Hassan , Patil Anant , Goldust Mohamad , Al Salam Suhail , Guida Stefania 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDermal fillers have become one of the main tools for soft tissue augmentation in the field of cosmetic dermatology. There are many types of fillers. While hyaluronic acid fillers are generally accepted as ones that fill in a space, they and other materials have been shown to have a biostimulatory effect on tissue through the process of a controlled foreign body reaction. Little research is available comparing their effects in terms of new collagen formation post administration. The goal of this review article is to evaluate the biostimulatory effects and the levels of neocollagenesis of poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and hyaluronic acid (HA). A concise summary of the evidence is provided to assist clinicians in making informed decisions when deciding between the different types of widely available fillers.
Association study of TAP and HLA‐I gene combination with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a Han population in China
Authors: Tao Yufen , Han Xue , Liu Nannan , Shi Lei , Shi Li , Liu Shuyuan , Yao Yufeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHost immune system genes play key roles in the progression of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) play an important role in the loading of viral peptides onto MHC class I molecules. This study aimed to investigate the association between TAP gene polymorphisms and chronic HCV in a Chinese Han population. A total of 232 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and 362 healthy individuals were recruited from the Han population in Yunnan province in southwest China, and a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay was used to detect six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TAP1 and three SNPs of TAP2 genes. The association of the TAP gene with CHC was analysed at the allele, genotype, and haplotype levels. There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of these SNPs in the TAP gene between CHC patients and controls after Bonferroni correction. A novel TAP1 allele (TAP1*unknown_1: rs41555220‐rs41549617‐rs1057141‐rs1135216‐rs1057149‐rs41551515: G‐G‐A‐G‐G‐G) was only present in the CHC group, and this allele significantly increased susceptibility to CHC (p = .005, odds ratio [OR] = 11.105. 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.362–90.558). Homozygous TAP1*03:01/TAP1*03:01 was observed only in the CHC group that exhibited an obvious risk for CHC (p = .002, OR = 9.637, 95% CI: 1.153–80.574). And the haplotype TAP1*unknown_1‐TAP2*01:01 was only present in the CHC group and indicated a significant risk for CHC (p = .002, OR = 9.498, 95% CI: 1.140–79.149). We observed significant interactions among HLA‐A, ‐B,C, TAP1, and TAP2 alleles, and combination analysis revealed that the combination of TAP1*01:01‐TAP2*01:01‐HLA‐B*35:01 was only present in the control group (2.2%) and resulted in significantly increased resistance to CHC (p = .002, OR = 0.096, 95% CI: 0.012–0.759). Whereas, the combination of TAP1*01:01‐TAP2*01:01‐HLA‐C*07:02 and TAP1*03:01‐TAP2*01:01‐HLA‐C*01:02 increased the susceptibility to CHC significantly (p = .001, OR = 2.016, 95% CI: 1.309–3.106 and p = .002, OR = 8.070, 95% CI: 1.018–63.997, respectively). Our results indicated that TAP and HLA‐I may exert a combined effect on CHC susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
HDAC3 single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs2530223 is associated with increased susceptibility and severity of primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Yin , Zhang Cheng , Feng Qi , Hou Ming , Peng Jun , Hu Xiang , Wang Shuwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. We previously reported that low‐dose chidamide, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, restores immune tolerance in patients with ITP. This study aimed to evaluate the association of a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2530223 in the HDAC3 gene with susceptibility to ITP and its clinical features.MethodsPatients with ITP and age‐matched healthy participants were recruited for this case–control study. Genotyping of the HDAC3 rs2530223 polymorphism was performed using MassARRAY platform.ResultsIndividuals with T allele of HDAC3 rs2530223 exhibited a 1.472‐fold increased risk of ITP susceptibility (OR 1.472; 95% CI 1.100–1.969; p = .009), while ones with the TT genotype under the codominant and recessive models, and the TC/TT genotypes under the dominant model all revealed increased risk of ITP susceptibility (dominant odds ratio[OR] 1.965; 95% CI: 1.046–3.656; p = .036; codominant OR 2.264; 95% CI 1.175–4.360; p = .015; and recessive OR 1.512; 95% CI 1.028–2.224; p = .036, respectively). Regarding platelet counts in ITP patients, we observed that the TC/TT genotypes exhibited a 3.932‐fold increased risk for platelet (PLT) <30 × 109/L (OR 3.932; 95% CI 1.426–10.842; p = .008).ConclusionThis study indicates that HDAC3 rs2530223 may be an important genetic factor related to ITP susceptibility and platelet count in ITP patients, providing new perspectives on disease progression, new therapeutic targets, and severity prediction.
The strategic options of fintech platforms: An overview and research agenda
Authors: Ng Evelyn , Tan Barney , Sun Yuan , Meng Tian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe failure rate of fintech platforms is disproportionately high, which may be because (1) there is a lack of published knowledge on the appropriate strategies to adopt and/or (2) the traditional prescriptions for strategy may be less relevant in the context of fintech platforms. To ascertain either or both of these possibilities, we conducted a comprehensive review of the fintech literature and found that not only is there a relative paucity of research on Fintech Strategies, but there are also important limitations associated with the existing works. To address these limitations, we first identified the unique characteristics of fintech platforms and the strategic implications of those characteristics. Next, we adapted a framework made up of six conventional core logics of strategy and juxtaposed the prescriptions of those logics with the unique characteristics identified. Finally, we constructed a research agenda consisting of a number of open questions based on our analysis to provide directions for future research in this area. The agenda suggests that fintech platform strategies have to account for competing institutional logics stemming from the platforms' dual identity and the tensions between conforming for legitimacy and differentiating for competitive advantage. There is also a need to account for an exceptionally dynamic and unpredictable regulatory landscape, as well as the responses and competitive actions of influential market incumbents.
Clinical nurse specialist role in providing generalist and specialist palliative care: A qualitative study of mesothelioma clinical nurse specialists
Authors: Gardiner Clare , Harrison Madeleine , Hargreaves Sarah , Taylor Beth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo explore perspectives of Mesothelioma UK clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) on their role in providing palliative care for patients with mesothelioma and their families.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach using focus group and interview methods.MethodsFocus groups and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 Mesothelioma UK clinical nurse specialists using the online software Google Meet. Data collection was carried out in Jan‐Feb 2021 and data were analysed using thematic analysis. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) was used as the reporting guideline for this paper.ResultsFour main themes were identified from the data: Mesothelioma UK clinical nurse specialist role in relation to palliative care; joint working with specialist palliative care and community services; patients and family carer's willingness to engage with palliative care services; and the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for mesothelioma patients.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into palliative care needs in mesothelioma. Patients with mesothelioma and their families have significant palliative care needs throughout the course of their illness from diagnosis to the end of life. Mesothelioma UK CNS's play a crucial role in supporting patients' and families palliative care needs, and are highly skilled in providing this care.ImpactBy acknowledging the role of Mesothelioma UK CNS's in palliative care provision, and supporting collaborative working between specialist and generalist palliative care providers, there is the capacity to significantly improve palliative care in mesothelioma and improve outcomes for patients and their families.
Riverine barrier and aridity effects on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversities of lizard assemblages from a semi‐arid region
Authors: Gonçalves‐Sousa José Guilherme , de Fraga Rafael , Menezes Bruno Sousa , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira , Ávila Robson Waldemar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimDisentangling historical and ecological effects on different components of species diversity is key to understanding the assembly and maintenance of communities over space and time. Historical factors may be stronger predictors of the community composition at regional scales, while ecological factors may be more important predictors at local scales. Here, we evaluate multiple biodiversity dimensions to investigate riverine barrier and aridity effects on the assembly and structure of lizard assemblages.LocationSemi‐arid region of northeastern Brazil.TaxonLacertilia (lizards).MethodsWe used data describing 63 lizard assemblages from Caatinga habitats to investigate the effects of a riverine barrier and eight environmental gradients on estimates of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. At the regional scale, we compared communities between the banks of the SFr, assuming that differences could emerge from regionally interrupted dispersal in some of the sampled species. At local scales, we evaluated the patterns of phylogenetic and functional structure of the lizard assemblages from Caatinga, and investigated the influence of aridity‐related gradients on species richness, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity.ResultsLizard assemblages were regionally structured by the SFr acting as a barrier to 47% of the species sampled. We detected phylogenetic signal in 88% of the functional traits. Lizard assemblages were phylogenetic and functionally overdispersed. Moreover, we detected evidence of aridity gradients intensifying the overdispersion of phylogenies and functional traits.Main conclusionsLizard assemblages showed high variation at both regional and local scales. Riverine barriers played a stronger role as a historical factor structuring assemblages on a regional scale. The interaction of historical constraints with competition enhanced by aridity on a local scale may play a role in structuring lizard assemblages across multiple scales.
Framing negligence
Authors: Choshen‐Hillel Shoham , Guttel Ehud , Harel Alon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article uncovers the role of framing in the determination of negligence. Negligence disputes fall into two categories: cases in which injurers inflicted harm while seeking to avoid a loss to themselves (loss frame) and those in which they were seeking to obtain a personal gain (gain frame). We develop a theoretical framework whereby the frame of the injurer's behavior shapes negligence determinations in two ways. First, people are less likely to find an injurer negligent in a loss than in a gain frame. This is because, due to loss aversion, they find behavior more reasonable if done to avoid a loss than to obtain a gain. Second, people accord greater weight to the efficiency of the injurer's behavior in a loss frame than in a gain frame. This is because a comparison between the victim's harm and the injurer's benefit is more salient when both parties face a loss (loss frame). A series of experiments supported both hypotheses as well as the underlying mechanism. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest that they may relate to the seemingly inconsistent case law on the role of efficiency considerations in negligence cases.