bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotions of Japanese language learners in and out of class
Authors: Yoshida Reiko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is growing recognition of the need to investigate second/foreign language learners’ emotions related to their language learning, because both positive and negative emotions affect a learner’s motivation and performance. However, research has not sufficiently explored the emotions of learners of languages other than English and other European languages, nor the emotions associated with learning experiences outside of the language class. The present research examines the emotions of 12 intermediate-level learners of Japanese and the causes of their emotions over 13 weeks, both in and out of class. Rates of positive emotions were higher outside the class than in lessons. The most frequent cause of the positive and negative emotions related to students’ L2 identity. The findings are discussed in relation to the language learning context of the university. The study suggests that learners’ emotions are closely associated with their learning contexts, including the content of lessons, and that more studies about learner emotions in different contexts are necessary, especially outside of language classes.
Isotype of the conquest
Authors: Navarro María del Mar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article introduces the Codices of The School of Huejotzingo as early examples of data visualization from sixteenth-century colonial México. The glyphs in the Codices and the technique of repetition are used to represent quantities. A similar approach was introduced four hundred years later in 1930s Vienna that would become known as Isotype. Similar to the Codices, Isotype used pictograms and repetition to represent quantities. A set of principles were established to design Isotype charts that were engaging and memorable. The Codices are analyzed using the principles of Isotype to contextualize and introduce them into the data visualization timeline.
Hárman, sokan, mindannyian
Authors: Schvarcz Brigitta R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the semantics of -AN-suffixed numerals and quantifiers in Hungarian. The main aim is to
provide a compositional analysis that captures the wide variety of uses of -AN-marked numerals. While in the literature -AN has
been treated as an adverbial suffix, I claim that the -AN-marking on numerals and quantifiers is a different mechanism than its
phonologically similar adverbial counterpart. I present a number of grammatical phenomena in support of the assumption that -AN is
associated with the [+plural] and [+human] features and I propose that they are realized as a presupposition. I argue that -AN is
a predicate at type <e,t>, λx: HUMANS.(x) and show that -AN-suffixed numerals are complex predicates that presuppose a
plurality of human beings and have the cardinality property provided by the numeral. In accounting for all positions -AN-marked
numerals and quantifiers occur in, two main categories emerge: the predicative position and adnominal pronominal
constructions.
Ordinals, reflexives and unaccusatives
Authors: den Dikken Marcel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a unified outlook on the syntax of constructions featuring the reflexive clitic se,
with particular emphasis on the uniform morphosyntax of the Hungarian element -ik, treated as an exponent of
se both in the verbal domain and in the nominal domain (in ordinal numeral constructions). The analysis is couched in
the syntax of predication proposed in Den Dikken (2006), with se represented
as the subject of a reverse predication.
Language conflicts and securitization in multilingual societies
Authors: Haslinger Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Societal multilingualism is an essential aspect of political communication. This applies in particular to the management
of security issues and language conflicts in multilingual states. As this article demonstrates, these processes of securitization set in
much earlier than just in situations of open conflict. They can lead to a spiral of competitive securitization. It is therefore
surprising that so far hardly any theoretical considerations have been made to explore the intersection between conflict dynamics,
securitization processes and multilingualism. This article therefore examines this theoretical gap and identifies questions and requirements
for future theoretical work. The aim is to open new avenues for studying multilingualism through the prism of securitization and conflict
theory.
Qualitative ISLA research methodologies and methods
Authors: De Costa Peter I. , Randez Robert A. , Cinaglia Carlo , Montgomery D. Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, we introduce the principles and practices underlying qualitative methodologies (e.g., ethnography, case studies, action research) and qualitative methods (e.g., field observations, interviews) that are compatible with socioculturally-oriented SLA theories (e.g., language socialization, identity theory, Vygotskian sociocultural theory). We highlight the exploratory and interpretive nature of qualitative research in that it intends to explain phenomena through the experiences and perspectives of learners and teachers by providing rich descriptions of the learning and teaching contexts in which these learners and teachers are socially situated. Working on the premise that SLA theories need to be aligned with methodologies and research paradigms, we also explain and detail how these theories have been applied to better understand and conduct classroom-based research involving language learners and teachers. Further, we break down qualitative methodology into steps, outlining common methods and instruments used for collecting data, and highlighting ethical and procedural considerations associated with this research approach.
Writing
Authors: Leow Ronald P. , Manchón Rosa M. , Polio Charlene 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter first provides a brief overview of the current state of L2 writing research conducted in or relevant for L2 learning programs in three areas: (1) L2 learning processes and outcomes associated with instructional interventions via the manipulation of tasks; (2) L2 learning processes and outcomes of classroom learners’ processing of written corrective feedback; and (3) written L2 development in instructed settings. We then analyze key methodological considerations associated with empirical research in these strands, together with a discussion of ways of assessing and interpreting the results from the perspective of language learning. In the final part we discuss methodological challenges facing future empirical investigations in each of the three areas identified and provide suggestions for addressing these challenges.
Dialect contact and change in the Arabic feminine ending morpheme
Authors: Horesh Uri , Al-Wer Enam , Alammar Deema , Al-Bohnayyah Moayyad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The unbound feminine ending for nouns and adjectives in Arabic has two main forms: an a-type vowel and an e-type vowel. We examine processes of language change vis-à-vis this morphophonemic variable in four dialects, two in the Levant and two in the Arabian Peninsula. We show that somewhat similar processes occur across these dialects, but also that each individual dialect exhibits its own rate of change and that in each dialect the change is at a different stage in its development. Juxtaposing these four case studies together enables us to formulate generalizations regarding variation and change in Arabic, as well as standardization and koinéization, without resorting to over-generalizations. When we attempt to generalize about variation and change in Arabic dialects, we must do so on the basis of this kind of data. We caution against making generalizations that are too broad, of the type “Arabic vernaculars are changing in such-and-such a direction.” Rather, different dialect clusters exhibit different trajectories, which we can only discern upon examining specific features in individual dialects, as we have done here. In the spirit of Eckert (1989, 2000), we aim to theorize about variation and change at a higher analytical node, where we examine community-specific scenarios of interaction between social factors, which may be shared by some groups of dialects but not others.
The imperfective verb and the progressive aspect in Arabic
Authors: Ouali Hamid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses how Arabic dialects disambiguate between the progressive and the habitual aspect, using grammaticalized participles of the verbs for ‘sit’ and/or ‘work’ to mark the progressive aspect. These grammaticalized aspect markers appear in full and truncated forms. Synchronic data from various Arabic dialects suggest that there is an ongoing grammaticalization process of the progressive aspect (Caubet, 1991; Camilleri & Sandler, 2017). A syntactic analysis is offered to explain the distribution of the full forms arguing that they are merged low in the structure and then undergo raising to Asp. The reduced form is directly merged as Aspect head. This difference in behavior follows from the directionality of the diachronic change and is motivated by principles of Economy (Roberts & Roussou, 2003; van Gelderen, 2011). The proclitics used with the imperfective verb in some dialects, such as bi- in Egyptian Arabic and Levantine Arabic dialects, and ka- in Moroccan Arabic (MA), have received different treatments in the literature, including describing them as progressive aspect markers. The paper discusses the different environments where bi and ka morphemes are found and suggests that even though they do not have a clear grammatical function, they started their existence as grammaticalized progressive aspect markers as evidenced by data from Makkan Arabic.
The effect of time and dimensions of collocational relationship on phraseological accuracy
Authors: Spina Stefania 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigates if and to what extent time affects phraseological accuracy in Chinese learners of Italian. The longitudinal analysis focuses on lexical combinations within the adjectival modifier dependency (noun + adjective and adjective + noun) and the verb + direct object dependency. In addition, the effect on accuracy of different dimensions of collocational relationship is considered. To date, little empirical evidence has been made available about the degree to which some of these dimensions (the repetition, strength, exclusivity and directionality, represented by the measures of frequency, Mutual Information, logDice and DeltaP) affect phraseological accuracy. Results of a mixed-effect model show that time and logDice are significant predictors of phraseological accuracy, and that the time effect varies as a function of combination type.
Life Cycle Assessment for a solar cooling plant
Authors: Buonomo B , Manca O , Nardini S , Plomitallo R E , Vigna S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the environmental loads of a hypothetical solar cooling plant making a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis. In this study, an LCA of a solar cooling plant for a cold room installed in a fruit and vegetable company is performed. The plant is equipped with an absorption chiller of 150 kW and an auxiliary boiler of 50 kW. The hot water storage tank is 5000 l as the cold water one. The solar thermal field is 250 m2 using evacuated tube collectors. The functional unit of the study is the entire plant. The entire life cycle is evaluated assuming that the lifetime is equal to 20 years. The Ecoinvent v3.8 database is used to collect data and SimaPro v.9 software is used to perform the analysis. IPCC 2013 and ReCiPe 2016 are chosen as impact assessment methods and their results are evaluated. The results show that the total CO2 equivalent emissions that are given by the Global Warming Potential evaluation using IPCC 2013 method increase when solar fraction decrease. Therefore, reducing gas consumption and, also, improving plant solar fraction is the most important way to reduce the total emission. However, the solar plant emissions are related to the installation, maintenance and use phases.
Investigating the economic and environmental impacts of a technological shift towards hydrogen-based solutions for steel manufacture in high-renewable electricity mix scenarios for Italy
Authors: Conte Marco , Rinaldi Lorenzo , Tonini Francesco , Fumagalli Tommaso , Lorenzin Giacomo , Piras Paolo , Sommariva Gian Giacomo , Rocco Matteo Vincenzo , Colombo Emanuela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Steel production is one of the most carbon-intensive industrial sectors, responsible for 8% of European CO2 emissions. While traditional furnaces strongly rely on the consumption of coal or natural gas, potential opportunities for decarbonization stand in the adoption of alternative technologies such as hydrogen-based Direct Reduction Iron (DRI) coupled with Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). This work focuses on the Italian steel sector and aims at assessing the potential economic and environmental impact of a switch towards such hydrogen-based technology. Three scenarios have been analyzed, all of which are grounded on the common assumption that hydrogen is produced by employing electrolyzers purchasing electricity from the grid. In the first scenario, the share of electricity production from renewable sources (RES) in the national electricity mix coincides with the one in the current Italian situation. The second scenario reflects the national target of 55% of electricity generated by low-carbon technologies. In the last scenario, the RES share in the electricity mix is 100%, meaning steel production plants are fully supplied with green hydrogen. The analysis is carried out by adopting a multi-regional input-output model for sectorial LCA, which allows to highlight the interlinkages of the steel industry with other sectors in different regional areas. The results show that a switch to DRI with EAF technology, coupled with the increase of RES penetration, allows to reduce the CO2 emissions of the Italian steel sector up to 14%, leading to an increase in employment of about 12 thousand units. It is also worth noting that a larger penetration of electricity produced from RES, which are mostly local, would be a significant improvement in terms of energy security of the steel sector, lowering its dependence on foreign fossil resources.
Assessment of the volume and material container influence on juice cooling process
Authors: Suman A , Zanini N , Friso R , Pinelli M , Bottos L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The quality of bottled beverages depends on the thermal process they undergo during the bottling process. The thermal history of the bottled beverage impacts the conservation of the product itself indeed. The temperature variation is related to specific aspects, such as the thermophysical properties, the heat exchange regime, and the possible simultaneous presence of more phases in the beverage itself. For instance, the behavior of the fluid inside the container might change according to the percentage of solid phases (e.g., pulp for juices). The present work addresses the cooling process on a processing line for beverage containers. This process aims to reduce the fluid temperature to preserve organoleptic characteristics and allows a stable and safe storage phase. The analysis has been carried out with a purpose-designed test bench to mimic the cooling process. Two juices with different percentages of solids (15 % and 50 %) are investigated for two container volumes (250 ml and 330 ml) and two container materials (glass and aluminum). The results show the influence of the pulp content on the cooling performance. The changes in the heat transfer performance determine different outlet temperature values and a different sensitivity to the container characteristics.
Energy cost and parmesan cheese. An overview in the different energy fluxes needed to produce a parmesan wheel
Authors: Puglia Marco , Allesina Giulio , Pedrazzi Simone , Raguzzoni Filippo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Agriculture is responsible for up to 30% of the greenhouse gases emission, and cattle breeding is the main contributor making up almost 10% of the total. For this reason, this sector is a key player toward a complete decarbonization. To take the proper action to reduce climate impact of cattle breeding, it is necessary to know the energy requirements of the industry. This work focuses on the energy mapping of a parmesan cheese production, with reference to an agricultural company situated in Modena province with about six hundred animals. Knowing the electrical and thermal energy requirements to produce a wheel of cheese gives the possibility to the farmers to identify and reduce the energy wastage as well as starting the implementation of a strategy for fossil fuel substitution. In this study, a comprehensive monitoring campaign is presented together with the proposal of some possible improvements. The analysis showed that, considering the actual situation, about 64 kWh of electrical energy and 94 kWh of thermal energy are needed to produce a parmesan cheese wheel, while the fuel used to feed the agricultural machinery (e.g., tractors) accounts for around 174 kWh. In this context, the implementation of biogas and solar photovoltaic can greatly contribute to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.
Prognostic implications of myocardial perfusion imaging by 82-rubidium positron emission tomography in male and female patients with angina and no perfusion defects
Authors: Rauf Maira , Hansen Kim W , Galatius Søren , Wiinberg Niels , Brinth Louise Scouborg , Højstrup Signe , Talleruphuus Ulrik , Prescott Eva 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial perfusion imaging with 82-rubidium positron emission tomography (82Rb-PET) is increasingly used to assess stable coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of 82Rb-PET-derived parameters in patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD but no significant reversible or irreversible perfusion defects.

Methods and results
Among 3726 consecutive patients suspected of stable CAD who underwent 82Rb-PET between January 2018 and August 2020, 2175 had no regional perfusion defects. Among these patients, we studied the association of 82Rb-PET-derived parameters with a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischaemic stroke. During a median follow up of 1.7 years (interquartile range 1.1–2.5 years), there were 148 endpoints. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) reserve (MFR), MBF during stress, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LVEF-reserve, heart rate reserve, and Ca score were associated with adverse outcomes. In multivariable Cox model adjusted for patient and 82Rb-PET characteristics, MFR &lt; 2 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.48), LVEF (HR 1.38 per 10% decrease, 95% CI 1.24–1.54), and LVEF-reserve (HR 1.19 per 5% decrease, 95% CI 1.07–1.31) were significant predictors of endpoints. Results were consistent in subgroups defined by gender, history of ischaemic heart disease, low LVEF, and atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion
MFR, LVEF, and LVEF-reserve derived from 82Rb-PET provide prognostic information on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with no perfusion defects. This may aid in identifying patients at risk and might provide an opportunity for preventive interventions.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary care for cardiovascular disease in the UK: an electronic health record analysis across three countries
Authors: Wright F Lucy , Cheema Kate , Goldacre Raph , Hall Nick , Herz Naomi , Islam Nazrul , Karim Zainab , Moreno-Martos David , Morales Daniel R , O'Connell Daniel , Spata Enti , Akbari Ashley , Ashworth Mark , Barber Mark , Briffa Norman , Canoy Dexter , Denaxas Spiros , Khunti Kamlesh , Kurdi Amanj , Mamas Mamas , Priedon Rouven , Sudlow Cathie , Morris Eva J A , Lacey Ben , Banerjee Amitava 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 have been widely reported, the indirect effects of the pandemic beyond 2020 on other major diseases and health service activity have not been well described.Methods and resultsAnalyses used national administrative electronic hospital records in England, Scotland, and Wales for 2016–21. Admissions and procedures during the pandemic (2020–21) related to six major cardiovascular conditions [acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF), stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), aortic aneurysm (AA), and venous thromboembolism(VTE)] were compared with the annual average in the pre-pandemic period (2016–19). Differences were assessed by time period and urgency of care.In 2020, there were 31 064 (−6%) fewer hospital admissions [14 506 (−4%) fewer emergencies, 16 560 (−23%) fewer elective admissions] compared with 2016–19 for the six major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) combined. The proportional reduction in admissions was similar in all three countries. Overall, hospital admissions returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2021. Elective admissions remained substantially below expected levels for almost all conditions in all three countries [−10 996 (−15%) fewer admissions]. However, these reductions were offset by higher than expected total emergency admissions [+25 878 (+6%) higher admissions], notably for HF and stroke in England, and for VTE in all three countries. Analyses for procedures showed similar temporal variations to admissions.ConclusionThe present study highlights increasing emergency cardiovascular admissions during the pandemic, in the context of a substantial and sustained reduction in elective admissions and procedures. This is likely to increase further the demands on cardiovascular services over the coming years.
Adaptability of wine yeast to ethanol-induced protein denaturation
Authors: Furutani Noboru , Izawa Shingo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of Dr Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), who revealed that alcoholic fermentation is performed by yeast cells. Subsequently, details of the mechanisms of alcoholic fermentation and glycolysis in yeast cells have been elucidated. However, the mechanisms underlying the high tolerance and adaptability of yeast cells to ethanol are not yet fully understood. This review presents the response and adaptability of yeast cells to ethanol-induced protein denaturation. Herein, we describe the adverse effects of severe ethanol stress on intracellular proteins and the responses of yeast cells. Furthermore, recent findings on the acquired resistance of wine yeast cells to severe ethanol stress that causes protein denaturation are discussed, not only under laboratory conditions, but also during the fermentation process at 15°C to mimic the vinification process of white wine.