bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Investigation of Inhibitory Activities of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Against Carbohydrate and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Fiaz , Rehman Kanwal , Irshad Kanwal , Chohan Tahir Ali , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid 
Published: May 2022

The aim of current study was to investigate the inhibitory activities of resveratrol and taxifolin against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes via in vitro analysis which was further validated by in silico studies. The analysis of molecular docking was also done to determine the binding capabilities of resveratrol and taxifolin with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes. Resveratrol and taxifolin having IC50 values, 47.93 ± 5.21 [Formula: see text] and 45.86 ± 3.78 [Formula: see text], respectively, showed weaker effect than acarbose (4.6 ± 1.26 [Formula: see text]) on α-amylase but showed significant effect to inhibit α-glucosidase (32.23 ± .556 [Formula: see text] and 31.26 ± .556 [Formula: see text], respectively). IC50 value of resveratrol and taxifolin (5.638 ± .0016 [Formula: see text] and 6.691 ± .004 [Formula: see text]) in comparison to diprotin A (IC50: 7.21 ± .021 [Formula: see text]) showed that they have significant inhibitory effect on DPP-IV enzyme. Our results illustrated that resveratrol and taxifolin have potential to prevent the metabolism of carbohydrates via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and prolongs metabolic function of incretin by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of DPP-IV. The results of molecular docking have also revealed that resveratrol and taxifolin have significant affinity to bind with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in comparison with standard drugs such as acarbose, miglitol, and diprotin.
A permutation procedure to detect heterogeneous treatment effects in randomized clinical trials while controlling the type I error rate
Authors: Wolf Jack M , Koopmeiners Joseph S , Vock David M 
Published: May 2022

Background/AimsSecondary analyses of randomized clinical trials often seek to identify subgroups with differential treatment effects. These discoveries can help guide individual treatment decisions based on patient characteristics and identify populations for which additional treatments are needed. Traditional analyses require researchers to pre-specify potential subgroups to reduce the risk of reporting spurious results. There is a need for methods that can detect such subgroups without a priori specification while allowing researchers to control the probability of falsely detecting heterogeneous subgroups when treatment effects are uniform across the study population.MethodsWe propose a permutation procedure for tuning parameter selection that allows for type I error control when testing for heterogeneous treatment effects framed within the Virtual Twins procedure for subgroup identification. We verify that the type I error rate can be controlled at the nominal rate and investigate the power for detecting heterogeneous effects when present through extensive simulation studies. We apply our method to a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of very low nicotine content cigarettes.ResultsIn the absence of type I error control, the observed type I error rate for Virtual Twins was between 99% and 100%. In contrast, models tuned via the proposed permutation were able to control the type I error rate and detect heterogeneous effects when present. An application of our approach to a recently completed trial of very low nicotine content cigarettes identified several variables with potentially heterogeneous treatment effects.ConclusionsThe proposed permutation procedure allows researchers to engage in secondary analyses of clinical trials for treatment effect heterogeneity while maintaining the type I error rate without pre-specifying subgroups.
Antenatal detection of a thyrocervical teratoma in the third trimester – A case report
Authors: Holloway Sally 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Congenital teratomas are rare with less than 10% found in the cervical region. When they do occur in the neck, they are usually identified during the third trimester and, due to their location, they are associated with polyhydramnios. Case report: Cervical teratoma was identified at 32 weeks gestation during a routine scan of a 33-year-old female expecting dichorionic diamniotic twins. Only one twin was affected and referral to a specialist hospital allowed a care plan to be arranged to ensure safe delivery followed by immediate treatment and surgery. To date, both twins are thriving. Discussion: Cervical teratomas usually occur in the third trimester and are not always detected prenatally. Although usually benign, their size and location may cause polyhydramnios as well as increasing the risk of neonatal asphyxiation and death. It is therefore essential to assess the foetal neck when polyhydramnios is noted at any third trimester scan, to maximise detection and ensure appropriate multidisciplinary healthcare can be organised to optimise postnatal survival. Conclusion: Antenatal detection of a rare cervical teratoma was pivotal in the management and survival of this infant. Ultrasound practitioners must consider the possibility of a neck teratoma in the presence of third trimester polyhydramnios and therefore evaluate carefully foetal head, neck and chest anatomy as part of their examination.
The association between training load and physical development in professional male youth soccer players: a systematic review
Authors: Rice Joshua , Brownlee Thomas E , McRobert Allistair P , Ade Jack , Drust Barry , Malone James J. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives 1) To evaluate current physical performance tests used within professional male youth soccer; 2) to understand the relationship of these tests performance in relation to specific measures of external and internal training load (TL) to conclude if there is a subsequent change in test performance. Methods Relevant literature was searched using five electronic databases (PubMed Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus), with additional articles identified by the authors. Articles relating to TL and physical development assessment within professional male youth soccer players were evaluated. Results Database searches yielded 5683 articles following removal of duplicates. After screening the titles, abstracts and full texts, 28 articles were identified. Both external TL (total distance, high speed distance, duration) and internal TL (rating of perceived exertion, training impulse) measures were found to be associated with improvements in physical test performance across both pre-season and in-season phases. Field-based testing was found to be sensitive to changes in physical performance for aerobic capacity, lower body power/strength and sprint performance. However, limited sensitivity to change was found when assessing player agility performance. Conclusion Future research in this area should look to enhance our understanding of the dose-response of TL with changes in fitness across different age groups in professional male youth soccer.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Spain
Authors: Argüelles-Arias Federico , Bermejo Fernando , Borrás-Blasco Joaquín , Domènech Eugeni , Sicilia Beatriz , Huguet José M. , de Arellano Antonio Ramirez , Valentine William J. , Hunt Barnaby 
Published: May 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can result in reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. IDA is treated with iron supplementation, commonly with intravenous iron formulations, such as ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), and iron sucrose (IS). Methods: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of FCM compared with IS, in terms of additional cost per additional responder in patients with IDA subsequent to IBD in the Spanish setting. An economic model was developed to assess the additional cost per additional responder, defined as normalization or an increase of ⩾2 g/dl in hemoglobin levels, for FCM versus IS from a Spanish healthcare payer perspective. Efficacy inputs were taken from a randomized controlled trial comparing the two interventions (FERGIcor). Costs of treatment were calculated in 2021 Euros (EUR) using a microcosting approach and included the costs of intravenous iron, healthcare professional time, and consumables. Cost-effectiveness was assessed over one cycle of treatment, with a series of sensitivity analyses performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: FCM was more effective than IS, with 84% of patients achieving a response compared with 76%. When expressed as number needed to treat, 13 patients would need to switch treatment from IS to FCM in order to achieve one additional responder. Costs of treatment were EUR 323 with FCM compared with EUR 470 with IS, a cost saving of EUR 147 with FCM. Cost savings with FCM were driven by the reduced number of infusions required, resulting in a reduced requirement for healthcare professional time and use of consumables compared with the IS arm. Conclusion: The present analysis suggests that FCM is less costly and more effective than IS for the treatment of IDA subsequent to IBD in Spain and therefore was considered dominant.
Evaluation of the corpus callosum using magnetic resonance imaging histogram analysis in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Eroğlu Yeşim , Baykara Murat , Perçinel Yazici İpek , Utku Yazici Kemal , Kürşad Poyraz Ahmet 
Published: May 2022

Background Histogram analysis is a texture analysis method that can be used in medical images. Quantitative values of the intensity of images can be obtained with histogram analysis. It aimed to evaluate corpus callosum in magnetic resonance images (MRIs) using histogram analysis of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to compare them with healthy controls. Methods This study included 29 children with ASD and 29 healthy children with normal brain MRI. High-resolution three-dimensional turbo field echo images were obtained with a 1.5 T scanner device for brain magnetic resonance imaging. On the corpus callosum in the sagittal T1-weighted images obtained, mean gray level density (mean), the standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum, entropy, variance, skewness, kurtosis, uniformity, size % L, size % M, size % U, and percentile parameters were measured. Results In ASD patients, mean, standard deviation, maximum, median, variance, entropy, 25%, 75%, 90%, 97%, and 99% values were found to be lower than the control group, and size % U value was higher. In addition, the corpus callosum area was significantly lower in the ASD compared to the controls. Conclusion According to our study, corpus callosum of patients with ASD showed differences compared to healthy controls by histogram analysis, even though they were seen as normal in brain MRI. We think that histogram analysis can be used to evaluate possibly affected areas of brain in ASD patients.
Surgical treatment of a circumferential oesophagogastric mass associated with a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a Maine Coon cat
Authors: Derré Maxime G , Findji Laurent , McLauchlan Gerard , Guilherme Sérgio 
Published: May 2022

Case summary A 7-month-old intact female Maine Coon presented with a 2-week history of vomiting. A peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) and a mass arising from the cardia, protruding into the gastric lumen, were diagnosed using a combination of ultrasound and CT. An exploratory gastrotomy revealed a circumferential, irregular, ulcerated mass involving the submucosal layer of the cardia. This mass was excised by partial-thickness resection of the gastro-oesophageal wall. The PPDH was corrected and a gastrostomy feeding tube was placed under the same anaesthetic. Histopathologically, the most characteristic feature of this mass was a submucosal fibroplasia associated with marked ulceration and granulation tissue. No infectious or neoplastic cells were identified. The affected region of the gastric wall appeared narrowly excised. Resolution of clinical signs was achieved until the cat was lost to follow-up 12 months postoperatively. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of the surgical management of an oesophagogastric mass in a cat with a concurrent PPDH and no other underlying disease. A benign fibrous mass should be considered as a differential diagnosis of an oesophagogastric mass in feline patients with PPDH. While medical and surgical options are debated for the management of PPDH, symptomatic patients with a concurrent oesophagogastric mass are legitimate candidates for surgical herniorrhaphy to prevent further complications. Based on this case, prognosis can be considered good if surgical resection is complete.
COVID-19 Is Associated With a 4 Fold Increase in 30-day Mortality Risk in Hip Fracture Patients in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mastan Saleem , Hodhody Ghazal , Sajid Mohammed , Malik Rayaz , Charalambous Charalambos Panayiotou 
Published: May 2022

Background Hip fracture in elderly patients is associated with a significant mortality which may be worsened by COVID-19 infection. Objective To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effect of COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in hip fracture patients in the United Kingdom (UK) during the first surge of the pandemic. Design A systematic literature search of 9 online databases was undertaken independently by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were any study of an adult population with a hip fracture that assessed the relationship between COVID-19 infection and 30-day mortality in the UK. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results Out of 309 identified articles, 10 studies reporting on 2448 hip fracture patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the estimated mortality rate in patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection was 32.5% (95% CI= 28.3 to 37.0) compared to 8.6% (95% CI= 6.3 to 11.6) in COVID-19 negative patients. Meta-analysis of 9 comparative studies showed a significantly higher mortality in patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection as compared to patients without (RR=3.937, 95% CI= 2.867 to 5.406, P<.001). Similar findings were obtained when comparing mortality in COVID-19 laboratory confirmed or clinically suspected infected vs non-infected patients (RR=4.576, 95% CI = 3.589 to 5.835, P <.001). Conclusions COVID-19 infection is associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality risk in hip fracture patients. Every effort should be made to avoid COVID-19 infection and nosocomial exposure in this highly vulnerable patient group.
Return to Sport for Professional and Subelite Ice Hockey Players After Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Lindman Ida , Löfskog Martin , Öhlin Axel , Abrahamsson Josefin , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Karlsson Jon , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Sansone Mikael 
Published: May 2022

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a common cause of hip pain, which can prevent ice hockey players from sports participation. Hip arthroscopy is often performed to relieve pain and enable the player to return to sport (RTS) and return to performance (RTP). Purpose: To determine the RTS and RTP rates for ice hockey players at the professional and subelite levels after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: High-level ice hockey players who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS between 2011 and 2019 were identified using a local hip arthroscopy registry. The player’s level was confirmed with ice hockey–specific web pages and was stratified as subelite or professional. Data on the players’ careers were extracted from these web pages. Player position was divided into goalkeepers, defensemen, and forwards. Data on participation in games included the season before onset of symptoms, the season before surgery, and the first and second seasons after surgery. RTS was defined as returning to ice hockey after surgery, and RTP was considered as returning to the same league at a comparable level to before symptoms. Results: A total of 80 ice hockey players were included. Comparing presymptom performance with the first season after surgery, the RTS rate was 72%, of which 94% of the players returned to the same or higher level of play. Comparing the presurgery season with the first season after surgery, the RTS rate was 78%. At the second season after surgery, 64% of players still played ice hockey, with a significantly higher return rate among professional players compared with subelite players (96% vs 69%; P = .014). Overall, 85% goalkeepers, 74% forwards, and 60% defensemen returned to sport. Only 28% played at least the same number of games during the first season after surgery as they did during the presymptom season. Conclusion: High-level ice hockey players who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS had a high RTS rate, in which the majority returned to the same league. However, only 28% played the same number of games the first season after surgery as they did at the presymptom level. Professional ice hockey players returned more frequently than players on the subelite level.
COVID-19 Effects on Income and Dental Visits: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Koyama S. , Aida J. , Mori Y. , Okawa S. , Odani S. , Miyashiro I. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: In April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency owing to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in reduced workforce and job losses. Furthermore, income is one of the most consistent predictors of dental visits. Therefore, this study examined the association between income changes and dental clinic visits during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan. Methods: An online, self-reported cross-sectional survey about health activities including dental visits during the first COVID-19 state of emergency was conducted in Osaka, Japan (June 23 to July 12, 2020). Among participants with toothaches, the assessment for the association between “refrained from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache during the state of emergency (refrained treatment)” and income changes before and after the state of emergency using a multivariate Poisson regression model adjusted for sex, age, self-rated health, frequency of regular dental visits, and employment status. Results: Among 27,575 participants, 3,895 (14.1%) had toothaches, and 1,906 (6.9%) reported refrained treatment. Among people with decreased income (n = 8,152, 29.6% of overall participants), the proportions of the refrained treatment group were 8.0% (income decreased by 1%–49%), 9.9% (50%–99% decreased), and 9.1% (100% decreased). Among participants with toothache, after adjusting for all variables, compared with participants with no income change, we observed significantly higher prevalence ratios (PRs) for refrained treatment in those who experienced a decreased income owing to COVID-19 (1%–49% decrease: PR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005–1.17; 50%–99% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.32; 100% decrease: PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.33). Conclusion: Decreased income was associated with refrained dental treatment during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Osaka, Japan. The economic damage related to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to oral health inequalities. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our study found that individuals with decreased income owing to COVID-19 before and after the state of emergency showed significantly higher prevalence ratios for refraining from visiting a dentist despite wanting treatment for toothache. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution because it provides novel, basic data that economic damages related to the COVID-19 pandemic might expand to oral health inequalities.
Randomised evaluation of pre-notification of trial participants before self-report outcome data collection to improve retention: SWAT86
Authors: Sutton Christopher J , Cotterill Sarah , Forshaw Denise , Rhodes Sarah , Haig Alexandra , Hammond Alison 
Published: May 2022

Background Retention is considered the second highest trial methods priority in the UK after recruitment. There is limited evidence on whether notifying trial participants that a follow-up questionnaire will be sent soon (‘pre-notification’) affects retention. Methods This Study Within a Trial (SWAT) evaluated whether sending a pre-notification letter or email around 2 weeks before sending a self-report questionnaire increased retention, in terms of provision of the host trial primary outcome. The SWAT was a randomised, two-arm, parallel-design (1:1 allocation ratio) trial, controlled by ‘no pre-notification letter’. It was embedded within the WORKWELL host trial, which evaluated the impact of job retention vocational rehabilitation on work-related and health-related outcomes of employed people with inflammatory arthritis. The SWAT primary outcome was a valid response for the WORKWELL primary outcome. Results Two hundred forty-four trial participants took part in the SWAT. All were included in the analysis. Among those sent a pre-reminder, 100/121 (83%) provided a valid response for the WORKWELL primary outcome, compared to 97/123 (79%) of those not sent a pre-reminder. The estimated adjusted odds ratio was 1.28 (95% confidence interval 0.67–2.42), with a risk difference of 3.8% (95% CI -6.1 to 13.6%), favouring the prereminder. The estimated intervention cost per additional participant retained was £53.42, and the total cost per additional participant retained was £46.52. Conclusion Researchers may have a small improvement in trial retention by using pre-notification. The cost per additional participant retained is relatively low. However, further evaluations are merited.