bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anapole superconductivity from $${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$-symmetric mixed-parity interband pairing
Authors: Kanasugi Shota , Yanase Youichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, superconductivity with spontaneous time-reversal or parity symmetry breaking is attracting much attention owing to its exotic properties, such as nontrivial topology and nonreciprocal transport. Particularly fascinating phenomena are expected when the time-reversal and parity symmetry are simultaneously broken. This work shows that time-reversal symmetry-breaking mixed-parity superconducting states generally exhibit an unusual asymmetric Bogoliubov spectrum due to nonunitary interband pairing. For generic two-band models, we derive the necessary conditions for the asymmetric Bogoliubov spectrum. We also demonstrate that the asymmetric Bogoliubov quasiparticles lead to the effective anapole moment of the superconducting state, which stabilizes a nonuniform Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state at zero magnetic fields. The concept of anapole order employed in nuclear physics, magnetic materials science, strongly correlated electron systems, and optoelectronics is extended to superconductors by this work. Our conclusions are relevant for any multiband superconductors with competing even- and odd-parity pairing channels. Especially, we discuss the superconductivity in UTe2.
Quantum communications in a moderate-to-strong turbulent space
Authors: Ghalaii Masoud , Pirandola Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the invention of the laser in the 60s, one of the most fundamental communication channels has been the free-space optical channel. For this type of channel, a number of effects generally need to be considered, including diffraction, refraction, atmospheric extinction, pointing errors and, most importantly, turbulence. Because of all these adverse features, the free-space optical (FSO) channel is more difficult to study than a stable fiber-based link. For the same reasons, only recently it has been possible to establish the ultimate performances achievable in quantum communications via free-space channels, together with practical rates for continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD). Differently from previous literature, mainly focused on the regime of weak turbulence, this work considers the FSO channel in the more challenging regime of moderate-to-strong turbulence, where effects of beam widening and breaking are more important than beam wandering. This regime may occur in long-distance free-space links on the ground, in uplink to high-altitude platform systems (HAPS) and, more interestingly, in downlink from near-horizon satellites. In such a regime we rigorously investigate ultimate limits for quantum communications and show that composable keys can be extracted using CV-QKD.
Intracrine activity involving NAD-dependent circadian steroidogenic activity governs age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Sasaki Lena , Hamada Yuki , Yarimizu Daisuke , Suzuki Tomo , Nakamura Hiroki , Shimada Aya , Pham Khanh Tien Nguyen , Shao Xinyan , Yamamura Koki , Inatomi Tsutomu , Morinaga Hironobu , Nishimura Emi K. , Kudo Fujimi , Manabe Ichiro , Haraguchi Shogo , Sugiura Yuki , Suematsu Makoto , Kinoshita Shigeru , Machida Mamiko , Nakajima Takeshi , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Okamura Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Miyake Takahito , Doi Masao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCanonically, hormones are produced in the endocrine organs and delivered to target tissues. However, for steroids, the concept of tissue intracrinology, whereby hormones are produced in the tissues where they exert their effect without release into circulation, has been proposed, but its role in physiology/disease remains unclear. The meibomian glands in the eyelids produce oil to prevent tear evaporation, which reduces with aging. Here, we demonstrate that (re)activation of local intracrine activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent circadian 3β-hydroxyl-steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity ameliorates age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction and accompanying evaporative dry eye disease. Genetic ablation of 3β-HSD nullified local steroidogenesis and led to atrophy of the meibomian gland. Conversely, reactivation of 3β-HSD activity by boosting its coenzyme NAD+ availability improved glandular cell proliferation and alleviated the dry eye disease phenotype. Both women and men express 3β-HSD in the meibomian gland. Enhancing local steroidogenesis may help combat age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction.
Ternary strategy enabling high-efficiency rigid and flexible organic solar cells with reduced non-radiative voltage loss
Authors: Duan Xiaopeng , Song Wei , Qiao Jiawei , Li Xiaoming , Cai Yunhao , Wu Hongbo , Zhang Jie , Hao Xiaotao , Tang Zheng , Ge Ziyi , Huang Fei , Sun Yanming 
Published: February 2022

The addition of ZY-4Cl into the host PM6:BTP-eC9 can result in reduced density of trap states and suppressed non-radiative recombination, thus enabling the ternary device with an obviously lower voltage loss than either of the binary devices.
A digital signal processor‐efficient accelerator for depthwise separable convolution
Authors: Li Xueming , Huang Hongmin , Liu Yuan , Hu Xianghong , Xiong Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent researches on deep convolution neural networks have proposed some compact networks, such as MobileNet, but its main computation, depthwise separable convolution (DWC), which reduces the reusable data and improves the requirement of data loading efficiency. Although DWC can effectively reduce the amount of network computation, it needs a special accelerator to enhance the inference speed. This paper proposes a high‐performance accelerator for DWC based on the commonly used acceleration platform field‐programmable gate array. The proposed accelerator supports the computation of both standard convolutions (SCs) and DWC as well as two activation functions. In addition, two data storage formats are used to maintain the data loading efficiency for different input requirements of SC and DWC under high parallelism. Furthermore, a processing unit that can execute two 8 × 8‐bit multiplications inside one digital signal processor (DSP) is designed to make the best use of the DSP hardware resources. Finally, the accelerator is implemented on ZYNQ ZC706 at 200 MHz. Consuming only 392 DSPs, the accelerator achieves 134.5 giga operations per second (GOPS) and 209.4 frames per second (FPS) on MobileNet V1 as well as 96.4 GOPS and 250.4 FPS on MobileNet V2. Experimental results demonstrate that this design provides a better DSP efficiency than previous works.
Simple analytical model for accurate switching loss calculation in power MOSFETs using non‐linearities of Miller capacitance
Authors: Prado Edemar O. , Bolsi Pedro C. , Sartori Hamiltom C. , Pinheiro José Renes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple and accurate analytical model for the estimation of switching losses on power MOSFETs is proposed. It consists of simplifying the non‐linear behaviour of Miller capacitance as a function of voltage. Experimental results are used to validate the model in the 5–500 kHz range. The proposed analytical model is compared to other frequently used methods. Results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model in different voltage levels, using four different MOSFET part numbers, spanning three technologies: SiC, superjunction, and conventional silicon. Because of its simplicity of implementation, it is especially recommended for applications that design converters by evaluating a large database of transistor part numbers.
A highly efficient power block with series connection of power SiC MOSFETs‐design, characterization and assessment in MV converters
Authors: Li Chengmin , Lu Zhebie , Zhu Ankang , Li Chushan , Luo Haoze , Li Wuhua , He Xiangning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImplementation of the series connection of the SiC MOSFETs in medium voltage (MV) high power converters faces a series of challenges, including the electrical/thermal stress imbalance, insulation coordination design, high dv/dt elimination and robustness under variable operating conditions. This paper stresses these challenges and proposes a comprehensive design of a 9.6 kV/200 A power block based on the series connection of SiC MOSFETs. The power block has been verified under the continuous operation, which demonstrates the highly efficient and reliable operation under the variable switching current condition. Afterward, performance screening in a 5 kV/1 MW inverter is conducted to assess the efficiency in MV converters. Compared with the advanced high voltage high power devices, the proposed power block demonstrates fast switching speed and low switching loss, which indicates that the series connection of SiC MOSFETs is a promising technique to expand the operation voltage/power of the SiC MOSFETs to the MV megawatt level. The proposed design can be expanded to other specifications as well.
Distribution of dust ejected from the lunar surface into the Earth-Moon system
Authors: Yang Kun , Schmidt Jürgen , Feng Weiming , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

Aims. An asymmetric dust cloud was detected around the Moon by the Lunar Dust Experiment on board the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer mission. We investigate the dynamics of the grains that escape the Moon and their configuration in the Earth-Moon system.
Methods. We use a plausible initial ejecta distribution and mass production rate for the ejected dust. Various forces, including the solar radiation pressure and the gravity of the Moon, Earth, and Sun, are considered in the dynamical model, and direct numerical integrations of trajectories of dust particles are performed. The final states, the average life spans, and the fraction of retrograde grains as functions of particle size are computed. The number density distribution in the Earth-Moon system is obtained through long-term simulations.
Results. The average life spans depend on the size of dust particles and show a rapid increase in the size range between 1 and 10 μm. About 3.6 × 10−3 kg s−1 (~2%) particles ejected from the lunar surface escape the gravity of the Moon, and they form an asymmetric torus between the Earth and the Moon in the range [10 RE, 50 RE], which is offset toward the direction of the Sun. A considerable number of retrograde particles occur in the Earth-Moon system.
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii effect of lupane-type triterpenes from the bark of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and identification of a potential target by reverse docking
Authors: Darme Pierre , Escotte-Binet Sandie , Cordonnier Julien , Remy Simon , Hubert Jane , Sayagh Charlotte , Borie Nicolas , Villena Isabelle , Voutquenne-Nazabadioko Laurence , Dauchez Manuel , Baud Stéphanie , Renault Jean-Hugues , Aubert Dominique 
Published: February 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide parasitosis that is generally benign. The infestation may pose a risk to immunocompromized patients and to fetuses when pregnant women have recently seroconverted. Current treatments have numerous side effects and chemoresistance is emerging, hence the need to find new anti-Toxoplasma gondii substances. This study focuses on the antiparasitic potential of lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the bark of black alder (Alnus glutinosa), as well as the hypothesis of their macromolecular target by an original method of reverse docking. Among the isolated triterpenes, betulone was the most active compound with an IC50 of 2.7 ± 1.2 μM, a CC50 greater than 80 μM, and a selectivity index of over 29.6. An additional study of the anti-T. gondii potential of commercially available compounds (betulonic acid methyl ester and betulonic acid) showed the important role of the C3 ketone function and the C28 oxidation level on the lupane-type triterpene in the antiparasitic activity since their IC50 and CC50 were similar to that of betulone. Finally, the most active compounds were subjected to the AMIDE reverse docking workflow. A dataset of 87 T. gondii proteins from the Protein Data Bank was created. It identified calcium-dependent protein kinase CDPK3 as the most likely target of betulin derivatives.
Endovascular Revascularization as a Treatment Option for Peripheral Arterial Disease due to Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: Public Awareness Survey
Authors: Alshammari Afnan Hammad Ali , Alshurtan Noura Hamad Rasheed , Alshammeri Amirah Fahad Mohammed , Alharbi Abdulaziz Ayied Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives Diabetic foot disease is a common and serious complication of diabetes that represents a major global health concern with high mortality and morbidity rates. Successful revascularization and improved perfusion have had fundamental roles in reducing the rate of amputation in diabetic foot patients over the last decade. Creating public awareness plays a key role in early treatment and prevention of amputation. The aim of this study was to determine if people are aware of endovascular revascularization as a therapeutic option for diabetes-related peripheral artery disease.
Methods The study is a community-based observational descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted to assess Saudi population knowledge and awareness about endovascular revascularization as a treatment option of diabetic foot disease through interventional radiology. The self-administered online survey was randomly distributed with a maximum of 20 multiple choice questions through social media channels.
Results Endovascular revascularization as a treatment of diabetes-related peripheral artery disease through interventional radiology was unknown to 90.2% of the participants. Awareness has been influenced by many factors including age, occupation, and family history.
Conclusion This study highlights the importance of raising public awareness about endovascular revascularization as a treatment option for diabetes-related peripheral arterial disease in suitable patients.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Mask-Wearing Behaviors During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Mangalore Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Krishna Nidhish , Ramesh Athul , Hegde Amitha M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice toward mask-wearing behaviors of Mangalore residents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Materials and Methods This survey was conducted at A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences in Mangalore. The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions that were prepared as an online form (Google Forms), and a total of 172 responses were received among the residents of Mangalore who visited the hospital.The questions were distributed based on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the mask-wearing behaviors, and the distribution of responses was presented as frequency and percentages. Prior to the inception of the study, the nature and purpose of the study were explained to each respondent, and informed consent was obtained by all participants in this study.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.
Results It was evident that the COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and potentially dangerous practices toward the COVID-19 epidemic in this study. These findings clearly indicate the importance of improving residents' COVID-19 knowledge via health education, which may also result in improvements in their attitudes and practices toward COVID-19.
Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that Mangalore residents have fair knowledge and optimistic attitudes, despite the current lockdown measures undertaken during the second wave of COVID-19, The positivity rate in Mangalore has not reduced satisfactorily. Self-protection, testing, and vaccination would help to reduce the spread and mortality rate due to coronavirus. The residents of Mangalore should abide by the COVID -19 preventive measures and implement this knowledge into their daily practices.
Challenges in the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Brain Tumors: An Institutional Experience in a Series of Cases
Authors: Shetty Jayaprakash K. , Prasad Kishan H.L. , S. Shruthi , Raghothaman Ananthan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are relatively rare. However, brain tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis and molecular diagnostics are critical for managing these patients. Histopathology plays a vital role in diagnosis, but clinical and radiological information is also crucial while evaluating brain tumors.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed for a period of 1 year in the pathology department of a tertiary hospital. All the brain biopsies sent for histopathological analysis were analyzed, and among which five brain biopsy tissue posing the diagnostic dilemma in conventional histopathology were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry was performed wherever necessary.
Results During the study period, we encountered 32 cases of brain biopsy. Five cases posing diagnostic challenges in histopathological diagnosis were included in the study. Expert opinions of neuropathologists were taken in all of these cases. We reviewed the cases for the diagnostic difficulties. A review of all these cases has impacted further treatment.
Conclusion In this case series, we present five CNS tumors with a diagnostic dilemma in histopathological diagnosis where clinicoradiological correlation, immunohistochemistry, and expert opinion helped in the definitive diagnosis revealing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the better management of patients.
Neonatal Meningitis with Septicemia by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: A Case Report
Authors: Murthy Neetha S. , Shivappa Sowmya G. , Tejashree A. , Karthik Krishna M.V.S. , Deepashree R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Elizabethkingia is ubiquitary aerobic bacillus abundantly found in the community as well as hospital environments. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen with an elemental ability to acclimate and survive in diversified environmental circumstances. Prompt diagnosis and an early therapeutic intervention are preponderant in the management of these infections. We report a case of meningitis with septicemia caused by E. meningoseptica in a 1-day-old outborn neonate. The child was stabilized with anticonvulsants and, based on laboratory findings, the neonate was started on ciprofloxacin in addition to symptomatic management. The child responded well to the treatment and was discharged on day 7 after treatment initiation. Perceptive treatment protocols backed with accurate laboratory evidence remain instrumental to avert unpropitious outcomes while combatting rare multidrug-resistant opportunistic infections.
Bonding wire interconnection de-embedding for GaN high electron mobility transistor loadpull measurement with fixture
Authors: Wang Lu-Lu , Fang Wen-Rao , Huang Wen-Hua , Li Jia-Wei , Shao Hao , Fu Chao , He Tian-Wei 
Published: February 2022

Test fixtures with high power capacity and an impedance matching network are generally chosen for measurements of high-power gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors. To make interconnection of the test fixtures and devices under test, wire bonding is an effective assembly method. Bonding wires become dominant parasitic elements, especially in the S parameter measurement and loadpull measurement, which should be taken into account and accurately de-embedded for device measurements and modeling. In this paper, test fixtures and through-reflect-line calibration kits are designed to achieve the S parameter measurements of the bonding wire with a vector network analyzer. Equivalent inductances of the bonding wire can be obtained with the electromagnetic simulation model and compact circuit model proposed based on the test fixture. The good agreement of the equivalent inductances extracted with the test fixture and models verified that the way to characterize bonding wire interconnection is effective and accurate. Cree’s CGHV1J006D is chosen to take the S parameter measurement for proving the accurate model of the bonding wire. Finally, the equivalent inductance of the 2 mm gate-width transistor is obtained with the electromagnetic model. The drain impedance is accurately calculated after the loadpull measurement with bonding wire effects de-embedded, which matches the loadline theory.
Influences of grassland to cropland conversion on select soil properties, microbiome and agricultural emissions
Authors: Lai Liming , Yilmaz Turhan , Kumar Sandeep , Fennell Anne , Gonzalez Hernandez Jose L. 
Published: February 2022

Context Conversion of grasslands to croplands can usually result in the degradation of soils and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). However, little is known about the impacts of grassland conversion to recently tilled croplands on soils and GHG fluxes. Aims A field experiment was established in 2016 to evaluate the impacts of grassland conversion to tilled cropland under different landscape positions (upslope, backslope, and footslope) on select soil properties and soil GHG fluxes. Key results The findings showed that the grassland conversion significantly increased soil bulk density and electrical conductivity but reduced pH and total nitrogen (TN). The conversion impacted soil biome community grassland and tilled croplands. The landscape position significantly impacted soil pH (footslope < upslope) and TN (footslope > upslope). The grassland conversion significantly decreased soil CO2 fluxes, but increased soil CH4 and N2O fluxes. The landscape position significantly impacted soil CO2 (footslope > upslope and backslope) and CH4 (upslope > footslope and backslope) fluxes for some periods. Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes generally followed upward and downward trends over time, respectively. Conclusions These results indicate that grassland conversion was able to lose soil N, increase soil compaction, acidity, salts, and soil N2O and CH4 fluxes, and decrease the diversity of abundant genera and CO2 fluxes. Footslope increased TN, soil acidity, CO2, and CH4 fluxes, compared with upslope and backslope. CO2 fluxes under grassland and tilled cropland significantly increased over time, whereas N2O fluxes under grassland significantly reduced. Implications Conversion of grassland to tilled cropland significantly impacted on sol quality. It caused a loss in soil N and increased soil compaction, acidity and salts. Grassland conversion also decreased the abundance and diversity soil microbiome.