bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low jitter clock distribution for the trigger electronics of the New Small Wheel for the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Alexopoulos T. , Geralis T. , Gkountoumis P. , Levinson L. , Mesolongitis I. , Zormpa O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN plans to have a series of upgrades to increase its instantaneous luminosity to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1. The increased luminosity drastically impacts the ATLAS trigger and readout data rates. The inner-most station of the ATLAS muon spectrometer, the so-called Small Wheels is being replaced with a New Small Wheel (NSW) system, consisting of Micromegas and small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) detectors. The on-detector radiation levels required radiation tolerant electronics. The lower radiation levels on the rim of the NSW allowed utilizing commercial electronic chips, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), in the trigger chain of the sTGC detectors. Those FPGAs require an ultra-low jitter clock for the proper operation of their Gigabit transceivers (4.8 Gb/s serial links). The initial design was based on a clock provided by a radiation tolerant ASIC designed at CERN, but due to its intrinsic jitter and consequent marginal error rate on the transmission lines, a different approach had to be chosen. An additional clock source based on commercial jitter cleaners, fanout chips and optical transmitters driving dedicated fibers was built. The new scheme provides 64 low-jitter clocks (32 main and 32 redundant) from the radiation-protected area (USA15) to the trigger electronics over 60 m of OM3 fiber.
Environmentally friendly fabrication of electrospun nanofibers made of polycaprolactone, chitosan and κ-carrageenan (PCL/CS/κ-C)
Authors: Vargas-Osorio Zulema , Ruther Florian , Chen Si , Sengupta Susanta , Liverani Liliana , Michálek Martin , Galusek Dušan , Boccaccini Aldo R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrospun fibers based on biodegradable polyanionic or polycationic biopolymers are highly beneficial for biomedical applications. In this work, electrospun nanofibers made from poly(epsilon caprolactone) (PCL), chitosan (CS) and κ-carrageenan (κ-C) were successfully fabricated using several mixtures of benign solvents containing formic acid and acetic acid. The addition of κ-C improved the preparation procedure for the production of PCL/CS fibers by electrospinning. Moreover, a polymer mixture was selected to be stored at −20 °C for one month with the purpose to study the properties of the resulting fiber mat. The results indicated that fiber characteristics were not seriously compromised compared to the ones of those fabricated with the original solution, which represents an important reduction in produced waste. Thus, the interactions that occur between positively and negatively charged hydrophilic polysaccharides might induce higher stability to the linear aliphatic polyester in the polymer mixture. All fiber mats were morphologically, physico-chemically and mechanically characterized, showing average fiber diameters in the nano scale. A direct cell viability assay using ST-2 cells demonstrated cell proliferation after seven days of incubation for all prepared fiber mats, confirming their suitability as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering and wound healing applications.
Carbon footprint of American lifestyles: a geodemographic segmentation approach
Authors: Baiocchi Giovanni , Feng Kuishuang , Hubacek Klaus , Walters Cole 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to deliver substantial reductions of U.S. residential emissions, cost-effective responses to climate change will need to recognize changes in consumer behavior and lifestyles as important mechanisms to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Marketing experts have long recognized the usefulness of developing composite variables to target specific consumer lifestyles and have subsequently developed market segmentation approaches to express relationships between geodemographics and consumer behavior. This paper represents the first use of detailed segmentation data to look at US footprint at high spatial resolution. We employ market segmentation data to delineate lifestyles for approximately 70 000 census tracts in the US and develop a spatial framework to better conceptualize lifestyles as location specific typologies of emission drivers. We find that lifestyles are not only very useful in explaining variations in emissions but in fact are as important as income, typically recognized as the major determinant of consumption emissions. Results from our analysis link the differences between suburban and urban footprints directly to lifestyle patterns and illustrate the geographic distribution of emissions resulting from households’ consumption. We find that statistical clustering and consumer classification methods provide a unique perspective for understanding how various CO2 drivers interact and impact household emissions. Our proposed framework suggests that carbon mitigation strategies should move beyond a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach centered on income and account for community specific lifestyle impacts related to consumer preferences and demographic characteristics at fine spatial scale.
Phytochemical screening of Malaysian Dipterocarpaceae species from Kuala Keniam, Taman Negara Pahang
Authors: Kamarozaman A S , Adnan N , Saidon N A , Rahman N F A , Johari M S M , Ahmat N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The diverse family of Dipterocarpaceae is well-known for its timber as well as the phytochemical constituents which possess medicinal properties. In this preliminary study, 10 Dipterocarpaceae species namely Anisoptera laevis, Dipterocarpus crinitus, Dipterocarpus gracilis, Hopea nervosa, Hopea pubescens, Shorea hopeifolia, Shorea ovalis, Shorea parviflora, Vatica bella and Vatica maingayi were collected from Kuala Keniam, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. The selected parts of the species were macerated in methanol and phytochemically screened to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The results revealed that all crude methanolic extracts were found to contain tannins and terpenoids. Additionally, the crude extracts from the stem bark of D. gracilis and the leaves of H. pubescens were observed to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins as well as terpenoids. Further studies on all species are recommended in search for the bioactive chemical constituents that might be beneficial in the development of drug discovery.
Perceptions on The Therapeutic Effects of Stingless Bee Honey and its Potential Value in Generating Economy among B40 Community of Kampung Bukit Kuin, Kuantan
Authors: Jalil Mohd Azri Abd , Damit Aifa Syazwani Ag , Zakaria Farahiya Zalikha , Hasan Muhammad Kamil Che , Isa Muhammad Lokman Md , Ahmad Azmir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Meliponiculture or keeping stingless bee in Malaysia is expanding and has the potential to generate money for the the bottom 40% of income earners (B40). The increased production of stingless bee honey as a complementary medicine as a therapeutic medium for health for a variety of reasons. Thus, this study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions on the therapeutic effects of stingless bee honey and its potential value in generating economy among the B40 community. Semi-structured interviews were carried out among the B40 community who participated in the Desa Kelulut project of Kampung Bukit Kuin, Kuantan. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. A total of six respondents interviewed in the study out of 20 participants. Four themes emerged, namely, benefit of stingless bee honey; market supply and economy; sustaining the farm; and facilitate income. The participants valued the beneficial properties of the honey toward health and acknowledged the potential of the stingless bee honey to be marketed in Malaysia as well as generating income for the B40 community of Kampung Bukit Kuin, Kuantan.
Floor plants’ leaf shape and Phyllagathis rotundifolia’s soil organic matter in Kuala Keniam Trail, Pahang National Park
Authors: Mokhtar M , Abd Rahman N H , Abd Razak N A , Omar M , Abdul Rahman M S , Wan Kamaruddin W Z 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Kuala Keniam forest in the Pahang National Park is a part of the oldest and most complex ecosystem in the world with multispecies of plants and structures. Unfortunately, near to none information was documented on the geometrical aspects of leaves. Thus, this study aims to pre-document on the variety of shapes of leaves along the trail and classify them. Photographs of the plants and all site activities were taken and documented by using the digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) and smartphone-digital cameras. Secondly, this study also aims at understanding this one particular herbaceous plant, known as Phyllagathis rotundifolia (tapak sulaiman) which is commonly found along the trail, and traditionally used to relieve gastrointestinal problems and fever. The composition of the soil organic matter of the plant were collected for better understanding of the type of soil needed for mass-cultivation and medical purposes. The Walkley-Black (WB) titration method was used to analyse the soil, where the oxidation of organic matter by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-sulfuric acid mixture followed by back titration of the excessive dichromate by ferrous ammonium sulphate (Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O) were monitored. Findings from the Kuala Keniam trails were documented and analysed. Thirty distinct-leaves have been identified and classified into 10-distinct leaf shape categories. Rich soil contents such as iron, carbon and phosphorous were also detected, thus creating Kuala Keniam as an excellent environment for the growth of beneficial shrubs and herbs
Mangrove Area Delineation using Object-Based Classification on Sentinel-2 Imagery: Tuba Island, Langkawi
Authors: Mokhtar Ernieza Suhana , Majid Mohamad Amirul Afif Abdul , Norman Masayu , Roslani Muhammad Akmal , Nasirun Noraini , Mohammad Zuraihan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pixel misclassification is a common problem when satellite imagery extracts land-use and land cover classes. Accurate image classification for mangrove areas is essential for management and monitoring to preserve the mangrove ecosystem and expedite the mangrove area delineation process. Therefore, this study aims to i) identify suitable segmentation parameters value to delineate the mangrove area and ii) classify young and mature mangrove trees using the object-based classification (OBIA) approach at Tuba Island, Langkawi, Malaysia. This research applied Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on an object-based method using Sentinel-2A image and segmentation parameters value of scale, compactness, shape, and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) mean were tested. Measured tree diameter at breast height (DBH) is used to verify the mangrove tree delineated on the Sentinel-2A image. Segmentation parameters setting of shape (0.2), compactness (0.2), and scale (50) shows minimum errors with mangrove delineation 9.279% as compared to the Global Forest Watch (GFW) data while GLCM mean appropriate to determine the young and mature mangrove tree. The finding of this study will help the Department of Fisheries Malaysia and agritourism to maintain the mangrove ecosystem and enhance the fisheries industry.
Pollutants distribution using environmetric technique in surface water sited at Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Authors: Wahab Siti Umi Kalthum Ab , Chowdhury Ahmed Jalal Khan , Aris Mohd Shukri Mohd , John Akbar , Hamid Azzmer Azzar Abdul , Mohamad Mohd Azrul Naim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The quick response of contaminants from various sources and the extensive deterioration of rivers’ water quality may harm our biodiversity, aquatic creatures, and environment. The depletion of this river water quality can be caused by both natural and manmade factors and this condition will jeopardize its use for many human uses and may harm the residents’ health. Our concerning phenomenon prompted this investigation to study the primary pollutant source in two rivers near Gebeng. A total of ten sampling stations from both Balok and Tunggak Rivers were selected and physicochemical parameters reading were measured monthly afore and in COVID-19 Pandemic spread in Malaysia from March 2019 to October 2020. Later, the Cluster and Principal Component Analysis (CA and PCA) were applied. CA grouped the ten sampling stations into three clusters which are upstream areas that were considered as most polluted. PCA yields only four significant components that represented 90.68% of the total variability. The findings of this study can provide useful information regarding the current state of river water quality in the Gebeng area, and the proposed method can be used as a strategy for sustaining the use of water resources in support of long-term development goals.
Burseraceae in Kuala Keniam and Surrounding Area at Taman Negara Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Fitri Z , Nik Hazlan N H , Sarmin S N , Kusin M , Ariff Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku , Hashim T T M Z , Yamani S A K , Nazip S , Nik Norafida N A , Nizam M S , Latiff A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A preliminary survey on Burseraceae diversity was conducted in Kuala Keniam and surrounding area at Taman Negara Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. The data from recent scientific expedition in early September 2020 were compiled with the previous collections lodged in the Herbarium of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKMB), Herbarium of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (KEP), Herbarium of University of Malaya (KLU) and Herbarium of Singapore Botanic Gardens (SING). A total of 19 taxa of Burseraceae from five genera were listed in this area. Santiria and Dacryodes represented the highest species with six (6) taxa each followed by Canarium with five (5) species. The common species that we have counted around Kuala Keniam are Canarium littorale and Dacryodes rostrata. From the flora survey, we counted Canarium littorale, C. pilosum, D. costata, D. rostrata, D. rugosa, Santiria griffithii, S. laevigata and Triomma malaccensis. Meanwhile, in the plot study, we counted Canarium littorale, C. pilosum, Dacryodes rostrata, D. rugosa, Santiria laevigata, S. tomentosa and Scutinanthe brunnea.
A Contribution to Trees and Shrubs Checklist in Kuala Keniam at Taman Negara, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Fitri Z , Nik Hazlan N H , Kusin M , Faezah P , Asmida I , Sarmin S N , Ariff Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku , Hashim T T M Z , Syarifah Haniera S K , Yamani S A K , Nazip S , Nik Norafida N A , Nizam M S , Latiff A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The forested area around Kuala Keniam is a part of Taman Negara (Pahang) and is categorized as a primary lowland dipterocarp, riparian fringe and limestone forests. A study of flora that focuses on the trees and shrubs was conducted during the scientific expedition in September 2020, organised by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The results identified as many as 187 taxa of trees and shrubs consisting of 124 genera and 49 plant families from the lowland dipterocarp forest. A total of nine endemic taxa to Peninsular Malaysia were also recorded namely Aporosa globifera, Baccaurea pyriformis, Cinnamomum mollissimum, Enicosanthum fuscum, Lithocarpus curtisii, Mallotus griffithianus, M. penangensis, Ryparosa fasciculata and Schoutenia kunstleri. Another three taxa viz. Elaeocarpus obtusatus ssp. apiculatus, Popowia tomentosa and Sterculia rubiginosa var. setistipula were considered as the new additional record for Pahang state. It is hoped that the information from this study can be used as references to help other researchers as well as stakeholders in ecotourism management and forest conservation plan.
Plant Recognition System Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zefri Wan Muhammad Arief Hilman Bin Wan , Nordin Sharifalillah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are many plant species available to man, even some that have not been discovered. There are species of plants are reported to be on the verge of extinction. Due to the inhumane nature of humans, forest is cleared to make space for industrial purposes. These purposes will lead to the destruction of nature, including plants. Plants are important to be preserved for the future. Plants should be made aware to the public to avoid such disaster. Ensuring they know the plants species are the reasons for the development of this system. The system will ensure people can identify plants without having flipping through research papers or books. Those plants that are similar to one another can be recognized easily. Using convolutional neural network to recognize plant can help the public gain more awareness towards plants species. Using the traditional convolutional neural network for the training of model to recognize plants. The system was tested to get the best accuracy to recognize plants. The images were increased to ensure a better accuracy. This system requires a good model in order to recognize the correct plants. Convolutional neural network is commonly used for image classification due to its high accuracy. The accuracy for the system created in this project is 78.85%. This project can be improved in the future by increasing the accuracy. There are a lot of ways to increase the accuracy such as trying out other CNN architectures or by feeding the system more images. This project involves 7 phases which is preliminary study, knowledge gathering and acquisition, knowledge representation, system design, system development, system testing and evaluation, and documentation.
Notes on Annonaceae from Kuala Keniam and surrounding areas at Taman Negara (Pahang), Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Fitri Z , Nik Hazlan N H , Sarmin S N , Ariff Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku , Hashim T T M Z , Basiron N , Sahalan S , Syarifah Haniera S K , Nazip S , Nik Norafida N A , Nizam M S , Latiff A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A brief report on the survey of Annonaceae in Kuala Keniam and surrounding areas of Taman Negara (Pahang), Peninsular Malaysia is given. Based on the collections in the herbarium and in the field a total of 29 genera dan 63 species is listed. In the recent survey in September 2020, a total of 14 taxa was recorded, viz. Alphonsea elliptica, Artabotrys suaveolens, Desmos cochinchinensis, Enicosanthum fuscum, Goniothalamus macrophyllus, Monocarpia euneura, Orophea enterocarpa, Polyalthia cauliflora var. beccarii, P. obliqua, Maasia sumatrana, Popowia pisocarpa, P. tomentosa, Trivalvaria macrophylla and Xylopia magna. Only two taxa, viz. Polyalthia cauliflora var. beccarii bears fruits and flowers while Orophea enterocarpa only bears fruits. These results contributed some additional information of the Annonaceae in Kuala Keniam and surrounding areas of Taman Negara (Pahang).
Notes of Pioneer Species in Kuala Keniam and Surrounding Area at Taman Negara, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Fitri Z , Nik Hazlan N H , Sarmin S N , Kusin M , Ariff Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku , Ahmad Badli Esham , Latif Zulkiflee Abd , Hashim T T M Z , Yamani S A K , Nazip S , Nik Norafida N A , Nizam M S , Latiff A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pioneer species of seed plants are common and important species in the succession. This group of plant occurred everywhere in Peninsular Malaysia especially in the gaps, open areas and roadsides. In this paper we discussed the list of pioneer species found in Kuala Keniam and surrounding area at Taman Negara, Pahang. A total of 16 species of pioneers were recorded from Kuala Keniam and surrounding area at Taman Negara Pahang. Macaranga gigantea is among the common species found especially near the base camp of Kuala Keniam. Only two species of pioneers found in the plot studies, namely Balakata baccata and Cratoxylum formosum. The pioneer is uncommon in the forest except in certain forest gaps and disturbed area. Two species, viz. Mallotus floribundus and Melastoma malabathricum were found on the riverbanks.
Weather Index Based Microinsurance for Agriculture Industry
Authors: Johari Sarah Nadirah Mohd , Asdi Nur Ainina Hanun Mat , Othman Nur Suhaila , Anifruzaidi Sri Dania Qistina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Agriculture is particularly susceptible to weather fluctuations. Climate change and agriculture productivity are inextricably linked. Thus, agriculture insurance should be introduced in Malaysia to manage losses and help small farmers to be aid from financial risk that is linked to the impact of the weather conditions on the crop yield. This study presents an investigation on the implementation of weather index based crop insurance contract for the states with the high correlation between the crop production and weather indices. The main aim of the study is to identify the appropriateness of the index insurance to selected crops in different regions in Malaysia. The Rainfall Anamoly Index and Standardized Precipitation Index are chosen in this study. Crop data is detrended to remove presence of time trend before determining the correlation between weather indices. The study continued with the computation of the trigger and exit thresholds for weather indices that corresponds to the crop loss using model-based clustering which will be used to calculate the expected annual loss and pure premium for each crop in different locations. The results showed that only several crops in certain locations are affected by weather. This research also includes farmers’ affordability to pay for premium.
An Assessment of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Foundry Laboratory
Authors: Azmi Affan Ezra , Rashid Amirul Abd , Razak Azli Abd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an important element for a healthy working environment. Working in poor IAQ can lead to sick building syndrome (SBS) with symptoms and troublesome to concentrate in delivering the task. In this study, a preliminary IAQ investigation was carried out at a teaching foundry facility of a higher learning institution in Malaysia. The foundry processes are known to discharge pollutants and gasses. Therefore, this assessment was used to investigate the existence of harmful gasses including Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) throughout the complete foundry process cycle. An advanced environmental monitor kit was used to monitor the air quality at three different locations within the foundry space to get a good distribution of data. The results reveal that only CO2 and PM10 traces were detected with the reading is still within the allowable range based on guidelines from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Malaysia. As for thermal comfort result, the Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) was found to exceeds the benchmark value. Therefore, a more comprehensive and detail thermal comfort study should be conducted to validate the current finding and an appropriate mitigation strategy must be put in place to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants during the teaching and learning process in the foundry can be improved.