bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Assessment of Some Water Quality and Rainfall Data in Ciliwung River, Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah S , Hidayat H , Verawati D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ciliwung is the river that flows from upstream in the Puncak area of Bogor Regency to Jakarta Bay. Water quality parameters have been monitored each month at three stations in the Ciliwung River watershed by the Indonesian Ministry of Environmental and Forestry and Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency. The data analyzed in this study are rainfall and water quality data for the period 2017-2020 with water quality variables including pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Nitrate-N. This paper aimed to analyze the time series data using statistical methods and describes certain chemical parameters and rainfall data, that show Ciliwung water quality during 2017-2020. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the mean, skewness, and kurtosis values based on time and location. Histogram and boxplot graphs were used to describe distribution of the data set. Test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to evaluate the normality of the data set. The descriptive analysis resulted in the mean of each water quality parameter showing a value that did not show a significant difference between observation locations except for the TDS parameter. From the histogram and boxplot graphs, it can be seen that the data shows an abnormal distribution and there are many outliers. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test resulted in better normality of data distribution. The main problem of pollution is the use of oxygen by organic matter contained in river water. Ciliwung River downstream was changed into open accumulator wastewater from the food industry, livestock, and settlements.
Mangrove Resource and Ecotourism Development in Karangsong, Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Novianti R , Afandi AY , Tampubolon BI , Rahmadya A , Sulawesty F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Karangsong ecotourism is one of the mangrove forests successfully conserved through the co-management of the government and local communities. The rehabilitation process which started in 2008 has positively impacted the environment, especially aquaculture. Mangrove forest conservation managed by the Pantai Lestari Group has opened opportunities in the ecotourism sector that attracts over 50,000 visitors yearly, thereby significantly impacting the area’s social and economic impacts. However, there are negative impacts associated with the development of mangrove conservation areas into tourist sites, especially the balance between economic and conservation aspects. Therefore, descriptive analysis was used to determine the overview of Karangsong mangrove resources, background tourism status, highlight community, and institutions’ involvement. SWOT analysis is used to describe the potential and challenges of its ecotourism management. The result showed that support is needed from other stakeholders who care about the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem by prioritizing aspects of environmental carrying capacity for conservation area management. It is necessary to conduct further research as a support for sustainable ecotourism and determine the right ecotourism development strategy for the future based on the identification of the potential of Karangsong natural resources.
Calcium supplementation of bioinks reduces shear stress-induced cell damage during bioprinting
Authors: Fischer Lena , Nosratlo Mojtaba , Hast Katharina , Karakaya Emine , Ströhlein Nadine , Esser Tilman U , Gerum Richard , Richter Sebastian , Engel F B , Detsch Rainer , Fabry Ben , Thievessen Ingo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During bioprinting, cells are suspended in a viscous bioink and extruded under pressure through small diameter printing needles. The combination of high pressure and small needle diameter exposes cells to considerable shear stress, which can lead to cell damage and death. Approaches to monitor and control shear stress-induced cell damage are currently not well established. To visualize the effects of printing-induced shear stress on plasma membrane integrity, we add FM 1-43 to the bioink, a styryl dye that becomes fluorescent when bound to lipid membranes, such as the cellular plasma membrane. Upon plasma membrane disruption, the dye enters the cell and also stains intracellular membranes. Extrusion of alginate-suspended NIH/3T3 cells through a 200 µm printing needle led to an increased FM 1-43 incorporation at high pressure, demonstrating that typical shear stresses during bioprinting can transiently damage the plasma membrane. Cell imaging in a microfluidic channel confirmed that FM 1-43 incorporation is caused by cell strain. Notably, high printing pressure also impaired cell survival in bioprinting experiments. Using cell types of different stiffnesses, we find that shear stress-induced cell strain, FM 1-43 incorporation and cell death were reduced in stiffer compared to softer cell types and demonstrate that cell damage and death correlate with shear stress-induced cell deformation. Importantly, supplementation of the suspension medium with physiological concentrations of CaCl2 greatly reduced shear stress-induced cell damage and death but not cell deformation. As the sudden influx of calcium ions is known to induce rapid cellular vesicle exocytosis and subsequent actin polymerization in the cell cortex, we hypothesize that calcium supplementation facilitates the rapid resealing of plasma membrane damage sites. We recommend that bioinks should be routinely supplemented with physiological concentrations of calcium ions to reduce shear stress-induced cell damage and death during extrusion bioprinting.
A three-dimensional human adipocyte model of fatty acid-induced obesity
Authors: Pieters Vera M , Rjaibi Saifedine T , Singh Kanwaldeep , Li Nancy T , Khan Safwat T , Nunes Sara S , Dal Cin Arianna , Gilbert Penney M , McGuigan Alison P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Obesity prevalence has reached pandemic proportions, leaving individuals at high risk for the development of diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. In obesity, to accommodate excess lipid storage, adipocytes become hypertrophic, which is associated with an increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and dysfunction of metabolic processes such as insulin signaling and lipolysis. Targeting adipocyte dysfunction is an important strategy to prevent the development of obesity-associated disease. However, it is unclear how accurately animal models reflect human biology, and the long-term culture of human hypertrophic adipocytes in an in vitro 2D monolayer is challenging due to the buoyant nature of adipocytes. Here we describe the development of a human 3D in vitro disease model that recapitulates hallmarks of obese adipocyte dysfunction. First, primary human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are embedded in hydrogel, and infiltrated into a thin cellulose scaffold. The thin microtissue profile allows for efficient assembly and image-based analysis. After adipocyte differentiation, the scaffold is stimulated with oleic or palmitic acid to mimic caloric overload. Using functional assays, we demonstrated that this treatment induced important obese adipocyte characteristics such as a larger lipid droplet size, increased basal lipolysis, insulin resistance and a change in macrophage gene expression through adipocyte-conditioned media. This 3D disease model mimics physiologically relevant hallmarks of obese adipocytes, to enable investigations into the mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipocytes contribute to disease.
Theoretical analysis of beam quality degradation induced by laser spectral characteristics in spectral beam combining system
Authors: Xian Yuqiao , Yang Yifeng , Li Binglin , Liu Meizhong , He Bing , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We establish a model based on the dispersion of the diffractive grating to investigate the influence of the spectral envelope and wavelength stability on the combined beam quality M
2 of the spectral beam combining (SBC) system. We obtain the analytic expressions of combined beam quality corresponding to the second-moment-spectral width of the beamlets, which can be used to forecast the combined beam quality for any integrable spectral envelope shape of beamlets in an SBC system. Additionally, we find that the center wavelength shift of beamlets has a significant impact on the combined beam quality. The second-moment-based width of the center wavelength shift distribution among all beamlets should be less than 0.5 times the spectral width. Here, the spectral width is the weighted root mean square of all beamlets’ spectral width, where the weight is the power of each single channel.
Analysis of surface quality and optimization of process parameters in laser-assisted cutting of SiC ceramics
Authors: Dai Di , Zhao Yugang , Cao Chen , Liu Qian , Liu Guangxin , Song Zhuang , Zhang Xiajunyu , Zheng Zhilong , Zhang Haiyun , Dong Ruichun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the surface quality of laser-assisted turning silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics, the effects of laser power, rotational speed, cutting depth and feed speed on surface quality are investigated. Taking the surface roughness as the characterization value, the reasonable selection range of each factor is determined by the numerical simulation results of temperature field and the single factor experiment results; orthogonal experiments and range analysis are performed on laser power, rotational speed, cutting depth and feed speed, the primary and secondary order of influence on surface roughness and the optimal combination of process parameters are obtained. The surface topography of the cutting area was observed by 3D digital microscope and the surface roughness is calculated. Taking surface roughness as the evaluation index, the reasonable selection range of each factor is obtained through temperature field simulation and single factor experiment results analysis as follows: laser power 230 ∼ 245 W, rotational speed 1500 ∼ 1650 r min−1, cutting depth 0.1 ∼ 0.2 mm, and feed speed 2 ∼ 4 mm min−1. Through orthogonal experiment and range analysis, the order of the significant degree of the influence of various process parameters on surface roughness and the optimal combination of process parameters are obtained. The order of the significant degree of the influence of various process parameters on surface roughness Ra is as follows: laser power (P) > cutting depth (ap) > feed speed (f) > rotational speed (n); the optimal combination of process parameters is as follows: laser power 235 W, rotational speed 1620 r min−1, cutting depth 0.1 mm and feed speed 2 mm min−1. Compared with the surface quality of original workpiece, the surface of the SiC workpiece processed under the optimal combination of process parameters has no cracks and damage marks, and the surface roughness is reduced to 0.293 μm, which significantly improves the surface quality of the SiC workpiece.
High temperature tribological and electrochemical behavior of heat-treated Al2O3-base hybrid coating sprayed by HVOF thermal spray technique
Authors: Sonia  , Walia R S , Suri N M , Chaudhary Sumit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the hybrid coating was developed by HVOF over the cast iron substrate. The hybrid coating material comprises Al2O3 (80% w/w) enriched with graphite, MoS2, and fumed silica in w/w of 5%, 10%, and 5% respectively. Microstructure and phase composition of prepared coated samples were analyzed by SEM-EDS, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy. The coated samples were heat-treated and their mechanical, electrochemical and tribological behavior was compared with the as-coated samples. There was a considerable change observed in the micro-hardness and anti-corrosion properties of the coated material after heat treatment. The residual stresses in the heat-treated sample decreased compared to the as-coated sample. The high-temperature tribological investigation was carried out in non-lubricated conditions at three different temperatures 30 °C, 150 °C, and 300 °C with a constant load of 40 N and variable sliding speed. The coefficient of friction and wear rate was calculated and it was found that there was a decrement up to 36% in the wear rate of the heat-treated samples compared to the as-coated sample. The SEM morphologies of the wear track showed the presence of small cracks, adhesion, abrasion and smear regions due to plastic deformation.
Mechanical characterization of solder interconnections on functionalized, copper-containing polymer thick-film pastes for hybrid integration
Authors: Hümmer Michael , Roudenko Jewgeni , Wenger Thomas , Reichenberger Marcus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, on different substrate materials thermally cured polymer thick-film (PTF) pastes are connected to surface mount technology resistors using a SnBiAg solder alloy. The effect of substrate pre-treatment with atmospheric plasma and thermal cycling on the shear strength of these interconnections is investigated, and the shear forces obtained are graded using United States Defense Standard / Military Standard (MIL-STD) 883. In particular, the build-up of solder interconnections on conductive structures made of commercially available copper-containing PTF pastes and their mechanical characterization is novel. As well as the mechanical characterization of conductive structures, made of PTF pastes, on plasma-treated substrates and their grading using the MIL-STD 883. In addition, interconnections with silver-containing conductive structures are realized for comparison. Depending on the interconnection system, component mean shear forces of up to 31 N are achieved. While some systems meet the 1.25× criterion of MIL-STD 883, the majority of the systems investigated do not meet the 1.00× criterion. Hereby, the adhesion between the conductive structure and the substrate usually fails. Plasma pre-treatment shows an adhesion-increasing effect only for a proportion of substrate materials used, as does thermal aging. But thermal loads can also impair the adhesive strength.
Tuning the topological band gap of bismuthene with silicon-based substrates
Authors: Wittemeier Nils , Ordejón Pablo , Zanolli Zeila 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Some metastable polymorphs of bismuth monolayers (bismuthene) can host non-trivial topological phases. However, it remains unclear whether these polymorphs can become stable through interaction with a substrate, whether their topological properties are preserved, and how to design an optimal substrate to make the topological phase more robust. Using first-principles techniques, we demonstrate that bismuthene polymorphs can become stable over silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) and that proximity interaction in these heterostructures has a significant effect on the electronic structure of the monolayer, even when bonding is weak. We show that van der Waals interactions and the breaking of the sublattice symmetry are the main factors driving changes in the electronic structure in non-covalently binding heterostructures. Our work demonstrates that substrate interaction can strengthen the topological properties of bismuthene polymorphs and make them accessible for experimental investigations and technological applications.
The commercialisation of fusion for the energy market: a review of socio-economic studies
Authors: Griffiths Thomas , Pearson Richard , Bluck Michael , Takeda Shutaro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Progress in the development of fusion energy has gained momentum in recent years. However, questions remain across key subject areas that will affect the path to commercial fusion energy. The purpose of this review is to expose socio-economic areas that need further research, and from this assist in making recommendations to the fusion community, (and policy makers and regulators) in order to redirect and orient fusion for commercialisation: When commercialised, what form does it take? Where does it fit into a future energy system? Compared to other technologies, how much will fusion cost? Why do it? When is it likely that fusion reaches commercialisation? Investigations that have sought to answer these questions carry looming uncertainty, mainly stemming from the techno-economics of emerging fusion technology in the private sector, and due to the potential for applications outside of electricity generation coming into consideration. Such topics covered include hydrogen, desalination, and process-heat applications.
Analysis of pressure at transition zone of valve plate of radial piston pump
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Mandal Nimai Pada 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In present studies focuses on the characteristics of flow-pressure of piston cylinder barrel and silencing groove chambers near the transition zone of valve plate of a fixed displacement radial piston pump. The designing of silencing groove of valve plate of the pump is carried out with appropriate geometrical configuration, compute the orifice area of piston kidney over the silencing grooves and manifolds, the interaction area make a key role in fluid flow interaction. The pressure and flow of pump is analyzed in consideration the silencing groove as separate control volume from manifold, each silencing groove chamber is connected to the both end of the manifold chamber, the shape of the silencing groove is an asymmetric tetrahedron. The radial piston pump is modelled in simulation with consideration of five pump pistons barrel, analyses the pressures near at transition zone with different bridge angle. The flows interaction of pump piston cylinder barrel with silencing groove chamber and manifold chamber are also carried out. The overall pump volumetric efficiency, flow and pressure fluctuation of radial piston pump are analyzed to optimize the pump.
Study of the mechanical, wear and corrosion behaviour of silicon nitride nanoparticles reinforced copper surface composite through friction stir processing
Authors: Raja R , Jannet Sabitha , Aby Joel , Ebenezer Jacob Dhas D S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present work is focused on synthesizing Copper/Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) Nano Surface Composite (NSC) by friction stir processing. All the four copper plates had a groove width of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 respectively. A dual-pass FSP was carried out, the rotational speed of the tool is 1400 rpm, an axial force of 10 k N, and a traverse speed of 15 mm min−1. The microstructure and the distribution of silicon nitride nanoparticles were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results indicate that the tensile strength of Cu/Si3N4 NSC increased and they exhibit superior micro hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance compared to pure copper.
Computational analysis to study the effect of selenization on ZrS2/CZTS heterostructure performance
Authors: Gupta Shubhra , Shishodia Gayatri , Shishodia P K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator(SCAPS) program has been used to study JV characteristics and spectral response of ZrS2/CZTSSe heterostructure. The proposed cell performance has also been compared with ZrS2/CZTS and ZrS2/CZTSe junctions. In the present study, performance parameters have been calculated by varying Se concentration with an exponential grading law in SCAPS for ZrS2/CZTSSe heterostructure. CZTSSe bandgap can be easily tuned by varying the Se and S content. Optimized composition ratio of S/(S + Se) presented an efficiency of 16.50% and the simulated results have been interpreted for higher content ratio of 0.44. At this composition, short circuit current density, open circuit voltage and fill factor attained were 35.54 mA cm−2, 0.6342 V and 73.23% respectively. The influence of layer thickness, bulk defect density, electron affinity and relative permittivity on solar cell performance parameters have also been studied.
Effect of external electric potential on the mechanical resonance of MEMS cantilever resonator
Authors: Deshmukh Ayush , K P Rao Venkatesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work presents an analytical model to predict the natural frequency of electrostatically actuated micromachined cantilever beam under the application of DC voltage. The analytical modelling uses an energy based method with a sinusoidal vibration assumption. The electric field between the cantilever electrodes is assumed to be vertical and fringing field effects are neglected. The behaviour of natural frequency and a closed-form expression for pull-in voltage are evaluated. The electrostatic spring softening effect of DC bias on the resonant natural frequency is studied in particular. Results are compared with simulation in ANSYS.
An efficient and high gain switched-capacitor based multi-level inverter
Authors: Anand Ravi , Mandal Rajib Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A new switching-capacitor-based boosting multilevel inverter is described in this paper. A nine-level voltage waveform is produced using 10 switches, one-diode, and two-capacitors. Each fundamental cycle contains numerous occurrences of capacitor voltages being linked in parallel with the source voltage, resulting in self-balancing capacitor voltages. Proposed topology has built in polarity changing ability so no H-bridge is required. This paper describes a simple pulse-width modulation system based on logic gates that maintains power balance among the capacitors. For obtaining the higher voltage gain extended topology of proposed topology is also presented. The prototype’s experimental results are provided for verifying the working and boosting capability by four times of source voltage. A thorough comparison with contemporary topologies demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of the suggested topology, as well as the fact that it is a simpler construction that requires less space and consumption of resources.