bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polarization signals of the solar K I D lines and their magnetic sensitivity
Authors: Alsina Ballester E. 
Published: August 2022

Aims. This work aims to identify the relevant physical processes in shaping the intensity and polarization patterns of the solar K I D lines through spectral syntheses, placing particular emphasis on the D2 line.
Methods. The theoretical Stokes profiles were obtained by numerically solving the radiative transfer problem for polarized radiation considering one-dimensional semi-empirical models of the solar atmosphere. The calculations account for scattering polarization, partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects, hyperfine structure (HFS), J- and F-state interference, multiple isotopes, and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength and orientation.
Results. The intensity and circular polarization profiles of both D lines can be suitably modeled while neglecting both J-state interference and HFS. The magnetograph formula can be applied to both lines, without including HFS, to estimate weak longitudinal magnetic fields in the lower chromosphere. By contrast, modeling the scattering polarization signal of the D lines requires the inclusion of HFS. The amplitude of the D2 scattering polarization signal is strongly depolarized by HFS, but it remains measurable. A small yet appreciable error is incurred in the scattering polarization profile if PRD effects are not taken into account. Collisions during scattering processes have a clear depolarizing effect, although a quantitative analysis is left for a forthcoming publication. Finally, the D2 scattering polarization signal is particularly sensitive to magnetic fields with strengths around 10 G and it strongly depends on their orientation. Despite this, its center-to-limb variation relative to the amplitude at the limb is largely insensitive to the field strength and orientation.
Conclusions. These findings highlight the value of the K I D2 line polarization for diagnostics of the solar magnetism, and show that the linear and circular polarization signals of this line are primarily sensitive to magnetic fields in the lower chromosphere and upper photosphere, respectively.
Qualitätssicherung an Hybridsystemen
Authors: Schütze Christian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie hybride Bildgebung in Form der SPECT/CT oder PET/CT bietet einen relevanten diagnostischen Vorteil durch die Kombination anatomischer mit funktioneller Bildgebung. Hierdurch wird neben der Möglichkeit der präzisen morphologischen Zuordnung funktioneller Prozesse auch eine Verbesserung der Bildgüte erzielt. Zur Sicherstellung einer einwandfreien Funktionsweise und konstant hohen Qualität der hybriden Bildgebung kommt der Qualitätssicherung an hybriden Systemen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Hier gilt es, die Anforderungen an die einzelnen Komponenten zu beachten, wie auch die Anforderungen, die aus der Kombination beider Komponenten entstehen. Für alle 3 Teile (Computertomografie, nuklearmedizinscher Teil und hybride Bildgebung) gelten entsprechende regulatorische Grundlagen. Diese sind im folgenden Übersichtsartikel zusammengestellt. Darüber hinaus wird ein Überblick über die Prüfverfahren zur Abnahmeprüfung der Teilkomponenten sowie über die Konstanzprüfungen vermittelt. Es werden jedoch keine konkreten Erläuterungen zur Durchführung der einzelnen Prüfungen gegeben.
PET Rekonstruktionen – Harmonisierung, alte und neue Ansätze
Authors: Braune Anja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungNach einer einführenden Erklärung der Funktionsweise der Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) Diagnostik werden Inhalt und Ziel der Rekonstruktion von PET-Daten vorgestellt. Es wird dargelegt, welche physikalischen Prozesse die PET-Bildgebung beeinflussen und wie diese im Rahmen der Rekonstruktion von PET-Daten korrigiert werden können. Dazu gehören Korrekturen für zufällige, gestreute und absorbierte Photonen sowie Korrekturen für Totzeiteffekte des Detektors.Die beiden gängigsten PET-Rekonstruktionsverfahren, die gefilterte Rückprojektion (Filtered Back Projection, FBP) und der iterative Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus, werden erklärt und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile dargelegt. Auf zwei Beispiele der iterativen Rekonstruktionsmethode wird detaillierter eingegangen: das Verfahren der Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) und die aktuell in der klinischen PET-Bildgebung am häufigsten angewendete Methode der Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) Rekonstruktion. Weiterhin werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Reduktion von Bildrauschen bei iterativen Rekonstruktionen vorgestellt, wie beispielsweise die Bayesian Penalized Likelihood (BPL) Methode.Es wird auf technische Neuerungen hinsichtlich der Gerätetechnik und der Software von PET-Geräten eingegangen. Time of Flight (ToF) Messung und Point Spread Function (PSF) Modellierungen im Rahmen der Rekonstruktion werden erklärt und deren Vor- und Nachteile dargestellt. Abschließend werden neue Möglichkeiten der datengestützten Bewegungskorrektur (data-driven motion correction) und Ansätze mittels künstlicher Intelligenz aufgegriffen.
Clinical Utility of C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Count for Scheduling an [18F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Fröhlich Matthias , Werner Rudolf A. , Guggenberger Konstanze V. , Vogt Marius L. , Rowe Steven P. , Higuchi Takahiro , Schmalzing Marc , Tony Hans-Peter , Buck Andreas K. , Bley Thorsten A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT can be utilized in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), but pretest probability of established laboratory marker such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) has not been defined yet. We aimed to elucidate the clinical utility of CRP and WBC for scheduling an [18F]FDG scan.
Methods 18 treatment-naïve GCA patients and 14 GCA subjects with anti-inflammatory treatment (glucocorticoids or comparable drugs), who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT and who had no other inflammatory disease at time of scan, were identified. A semi-quantitative analysis in 11 vessel segments was conducted, with averaged jugular vein, healthy liver and lung tissue (Target-to-background ratio [TBR]VJ/liver/lung) serving as background. Derived TBR were then correlated with CRP and WBC at time of PET using Spearman’s correlation.
Results For all treatment-naïve patients, TBRVJ was 2.3±1.1 (95%CI, 2.2–2.5), TBRliver was 1.0±0.5 (95%CI, 0.9–1.0) and average TBRlung was 6.3±3.6 (95%CI, 5.8–6.8). No significant correlation was noted for either CRP (TBRVJ: R=–0.19; TBRliver: R=–0.03; TBRlung: R=–0.17; each P ≥ 0.44) or for WBC (TBRVJ: R=–0.40; TBRliver: R=–0.32; TBRlung: R=–0.37; each P ≥ 0.10). Similar results were recorded for patients under treatment at time of PET. Again, no significant correlation was reached for either CRP (TBRVJ: R=–0.17; TBRliver: R=–0.28; TBRlung: R=–0.09; each P ≥ 0.32) or WBC (TBRVJ: R=–0.06; TBRliver: R=–0.13; TBRlung: R=0.06; each P ≥ 0.65).
Conclusions In GCA patients with and without anti-inflammatory treatment, CRP and WBC did not substantially correlate with TBR at time of scan. Given the rather limited pretest probability of those parameters, such laboratory values may have less diagnostic utility to order an [18F]FDG PET/CT.
HPV High-risk Multiple Infection Is a Key Predictor of Cervical Dysplasia in Diagnostic LEEPs: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Wittenborn Julia , Kupec Tomas , Iborra Severine , Stickeler Elmar , Najjari Laila , Kennes Lieven N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for the presence of cervical dysplasia in diagnostic LEEPs (Loop Electrical Excision Procedure) of the cervix.
Materials/Methods The study was designed as a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis of all patients who underwent LEEP without prior proof of high-grade intraepithelial
lesion (diagnostic LEEP) between 2015 and 2020 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of University Hospital Aachen. In order to identify the most meaningful predictive variables for
CIN status (CIN2+ or non-CIN2+), multivariate logistic regression was performed and a machine-learning method was used.
Results A total of 849 patients with an indication for loop excision of the cervix were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 125 patients without prior proof of CIN2+ were included
into the study. Based on the final multivariate logistic regression model, multiple high-risk HPV infections (p = 0.001), the presence of a T2 transformation zone (p = 0.003) and major
lesion changes (p = 0.015) as a result of the colposcopy examination were found to be statistically significant for CIN status based on the diagnostic LEEP. Subsequent ROC analysis showed a
high predictive value for the model of 88.35% (AUC). The machine-learning technique (recursive partitioning) identified similar variables as important for CIN status with an accuracy of
75%.
Conclusion For clinical decision-making, the result of the colposcopy examination (T2, major change) as well as the results of HPV testing (multiple high-risk HPV infections) are
stronger indicators for clinicians to perform diagnostic excisional procedures of the cervix than the presence of high-grade cytological abnormalities.
Casirivimab and Imdevimab for Pregnant Women Hospitalized for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Riccardo Buonomo A. , Gabriele Saccone , Nunzia Esposito , Isabella Di Filippo , Biagio Pinchera , Maria Foggia , Emanuela Zappulo , Agnese Giaccone , Nicola Schiano M. , Giulio Viceconte , Riccardo Scotto , Giuseppe Bifulco , Ivan Gentile 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of casirivimab/imdevimab therapy in pregnant women with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring oxygen therapy.
Study Design This was a prospective case series study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of casirivimab/imdevimab therapy in unvaccinated pregnant women with severe COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection documented with polymerase chain reaction, pregnancy, severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen therapy, duration of symptoms of 10 days or less, and able to provide informed consent. Vaccinated women and those with mild-to-moderate disease were excluded from the study. Included patients received casirivimab and imdevimab as a single intravenous dose of 4,000/4,000 mg. Women were also treated with low molecular weight heparin, steroids, and antibiotics, if necessary. The primary outcome was maternal death. Secondary outcomes were the rate of adverse events during infusion or within 72 hours and the rate of abortion.
Results Thirteen hospitalized unvaccinated pregnant women with severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen and treated with casirivimab/imdevimab were included in the study. We observed no maternal death, and no patients required intubation or admission to the intensive care unit. No abortion or fetal loss was recorded. Nine pregnancies were still ongoing, and there were three cesarean deliveries and one vaginal delivery. Two were preterm deliveries (at 31 and 34 weeks), and two were term deliveries.
Conclusion Casirivimab/imdevimab therapy may be considered as a therapy in unvaccinated pregnant women with severe COVID-19.
Evaluation of State-Mandated Third Trimester Repeat HIV Testing in a Large Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Berhie Saba H. , Tsai Stacy , Miller Emily S. , Garcia Patricia M. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective The Illinois Perinatal HIV Prevention Act was passed to ensure universal HIV testing once during pregnancy and was extended in 2018 to add third trimester repeat HIV screening. The objectives of this analysis were to describe uptake of, and patient factors associated with, third trimester repeat HIV testing at a high-volume birthing center.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of people who delivered at a single tertiary care hospital in Illinois during 2018. Women who delivered before 27 weeks, had an intrauterine fetal demise, a known diagnosis of HIV, or no HIV test during pregnancy were excluded. Repeat testing was defined as an HIV test at or after 27 weeks' gestation after an earlier negative HIV test during the same pregnancy. The primary outcome was the proportion of people who received repeat testing prior to delivery. Bivariable analyses were performed to identify patient characteristics associated with documentation of repeat HIV testing.
Results Of 12,053 people eligible for inclusion, 3.4% (n = 414) presented without a documented third trimester repeat HIV test. The proportion of people with repeat testing improved from 80 to >99% in the first year. Patient factors were largely not associated with testing performance although multiparous people were more likely to have documented repeat testing.
Conclusion Rapid implementation of third trimester repeat HIV testing was achieved without disparity. Patient factors were largely not associated with testing performance which reinforces the goal of a universal screen to test all people equitably and effectively without bias.
Key Points
Can Hypoxia Alter the Anaerobic Capacity Measured by a Single
Exhaustive Exercise?
Authors: Foresti Yan Figueiredo , Higino Wonder Passoni , de Carvalho Carlos Dellavechia , Esequiel Guilherme Henrique , Costa Gabriel Peinado , Bertuzzi Rômulo , Papoti Marcelo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare the MAODALT in situations of
hypoxia and normoxia to confirm the method validity. Seventeen healthy and
physically active men participated in this study, aged 25.2±3.2 years.
All participants underwent four days of evaluation. The first day was performed
a body composition test, an incremental test to exhaustion to determine the
maximum oxygen uptake, familiarizing the hypoxia (H) and normoxia (N) situation
and the equipment used. On the second, third and fourth days, supramaximal
efforts were performed until exhaustion at 110% of maximum oxygen
uptake, in a situation of hypoxia
(FIO2=14.0%) and normoxia
(FIO2=20.9%). The anaerobic capacity
was considered the sum of energy supply of the alactic and lactic systens. The
absolute or relative anaerobic capacity values were not different
(H=3.9±1.1 L, N=3.8±0.9 L,
p=0.69), similarly no differences were found for the alactic
contribution (H=1.7±0.5 L,
N=1.5±0.5 L, p=0.30) and lactic contribution
(H=2.3±0.9 L, N=2.3±0.7 L,
p=0.85). It can be concluded that the anaerobic capacity measured by a
single exhaustive effort is not altered by hypoxia.
Extended Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure: A Post Hoc Analysis of the MAGELLAN Study
Authors: Spyropoulos Alex C. , Raskob Gary E. , Spiro Theodore E. , Lu Wentao , De Sanctis Yoriko , Albanese John , Mebazaa Alexandre , Barnathan Elliot S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis post hoc subgroup analysis examined efficacy and safety outcomes with extended thromboprophylaxis rivaroxaban compared with in-hospital enoxaparin in 2,078 patients from the MAGELLAN study who had a hospitalization for heart failure or a history of heart failure and a lower risk of bleeding. A significant 36% reduction in the composite endpoint of asymptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity, symptomatic DVT in the lower extremity (proximal or distal), symptomatic nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism-related death was observed with rivaroxaban. Major bleeding was low in both groups and not significantly increased with rivaroxaban.
Evaluation of Serum Mammaglobin as an Alternative Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Breast Tumors
Authors: Fatima Maira , Sai Baba Kompella S. S. , Sreedevi Neelam N. R. , Kumar Japa P. , Raju Gottumukkala S. , Uppin Shantveer G. , Bhaskar Madrol V. , Khan Siraj Ahmed , Iyyapu Krishna M. , Noorjahan Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in India and accounts for 14% of all cancers in women. Rise in mortality is due to lack of awareness and proper screening. Mammography and presently available serum biomarkers have low sensitivity and specificity. In our quest to identify a better biomarker, we studied mammaglobin (MAM) in patients with breast cancer and benign breast tumors.
Aim To evaluate serum mammaglobin in breast cancer patients and compare it with benign breast tumor patients and healthy controls. To compare it with existing biomarkers serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, case–control study of 77 subjects, of which 27 were breast cancer patients, 20 benign breast tumor patients, and 30 healthy controls. Serum CEA and CA15–3 were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and mammaglobin (MAM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results Mammaglobin and CEA levels were elevated in breast cancer patients, followed by benign breast tumors when compared with controls (P < 0.000001). Mammaglobin showed 81.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 88.9% negative predictive value (NPV). CEA showed 88.9% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity, 77.4% PPV, and 91.7% NPV. The area under the curve was the highest for MAM (0.892), followed by CEA (0.889) and CA 15–3 (0.555). CA15–3 showed poor diagnostic efficacy. Combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the biomarkers MAM and CEA had an AUC of 0.913.
Conclusion Mammaglobin proved to be an efficacious biomarker in diagnosing breast cancer.
Clinical Outcomes of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A 5-year Experience from a Single Centre in North India
Authors: Sood Nitin , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Pabbi Swati , Dikshit Roshan , Singh Prerna , Ramaswami Amrita , Gautam Dheeraj , Singh Manish Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) forms a significant proportion of hematological malignancies. Autologous transplantation continues to be an effective consolidation strategy in resource-restricted settings such as India.
Objectives The main objective of the study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in MM patients in a single tertiary care center in north India over a period of 5 years.
Materials and Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in north India. Data of all MM patients who underwent HSCT between January 2014, and December 2018, were analyzed. The outcome of HSCT was investigated in terms of transplant-related mortality (TRM), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and relapse. PFS and OS were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method and differences between the groups were tested for statistical significance using the two-tailed log-rank test. Life-table method was used for the estimation of survival rate at 1, 3, 5, and 6 years.
Results Patient characteristics and survival post-transplant was similar to other published Indian studies. In total, 378 patients were diagnosed with MM in our hospital between 2014 and 2018. One hundred ninety-three patients were found to be eligible for autologous HSCT, out of which 52 ended up having a transplant giving us a high percentage (26.9%) of patients receiving a transplant in our setting. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was nil in the present study. The mean PFS and OS were 62.8 and 70.1 months, respectively. The mean PFS and OS rates at 5 years were 75.3% and 84.2%, respectively. The average cost estimate of HSCT in our setting was 7.2 lakh Indian national rupees.
Conclusion Autologous HSCT is a safe procedure with nil 100-day mortality in present series. Moreover, considering the cost of novel agents, autologous transplant remains a cost-effective way for prolonging remission and time-to-next treatment in India.
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Presenting as “Eyebrows” Sign on 18F FDG PET/CT
Authors: Vankadari Kousik , Alwala Surendar , Kumar Komal , Ram Sai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypertrophic pachymeningitis refers to linear or nodular thickening of the dura mater covering the brain and spinal cord following various inflammatory/infective processes. Usually, magnetic resonance imaging brain shows uniform thickening with enhancement of involved meninges. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings of pachymeningitis are rarely reported in literature. We describe the PET/CT findings of a patient with hypertrophic pachymeningitis involving the bilateral supraorbital regions depicting as “eyebrows” on brain maximum intensity projection image.
3D-QSAR and Docking Studies on Pyrimidine Derivatives of Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Gang-Long , Song Lian-Hua , Qiu Yong-Fu , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a promising target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Under crizotinib treatment, drug resistance and progressive disease appeared after the point mutations arising in the kinase domain of ALK. Second-generation ALK inhibitors can solve the deficiencies of the first generation, especially the drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Ceritinib (LDK378), a pyrimidine derivative, for example, can inhibit the activity of ALK with an IC50 value of 40.7 nmol/L, and can experience disease progression after initial treatment with crizotinib. Unfortunately, clear structure–activity relationships have not been identified to date, impeding the rational design of future compounds possessing ALK inhibition activity. To explore interesting insights into the structures of pyrimidine derivatives that influence the activities of the second-generation ALK inhibitors, three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and molecular docking were performed on a total of 45 derivatives of pyrimidine. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) techniques were used to generate 3D-QSAR models. CoMFA and CoMSIA were performed using the Sybyl X 2.0 package. Molecular docking analysis was performed using the Surflex-Dock module in SYBYL-X 2.0 package. We found in the CoMFA model that the non-cross-validated r2
value was 0.998, the cross-validated q
2 value was 0.663, and the F statistic value was 2,401.970, while the r2
value was 0.988; q
2 value was 0.730, and F value was 542.933 in CoMSIA models, suggesting the good predictability of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models. 3D contour maps and docking results suggested that different groups on the core parts of the compounds could enhance the biological activities. Based on these results, the established 3D-QSAR models and the binding structures of ALK inhibitors obtained favor the prediction of the activity of new inhibitors and will be helpful in the reasonable design of ALK inhibitors in the future.