bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative genomics approach for identifying genetic factors in Escherichia coli isolates associated with bovine diseases
Authors: Khawaskar Damini , Subbaiyan Anbazhagan , Balusamy Dhayananth , Inbaraj Sophia , Abhishek  , Vinodh Kumar Obli Rajendhran , Nagaleekar Viswas Konasagara , Sinha Dharmendra Kumar , Chaudhuri Pallab , Singh Bhoj Raj , Chaturvedi Vinod Kumar , Thomas Prasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsE. coli are ubiquitously present bacterial pathogens that cause septicaemia, diarrhoea and other clinical illness in farm animals. Many pathogen factors can be associated with disease conditions. Currently, studies inferring E. coli genetic factors associated with infection in bovines are limited. Hence, the present study envisaged to determine the pathogen genetic factors associated with bovine disease conditions.Method and ResultsThe comparative genomic analysis involved genome sequence data of 135 diseased and 145 healthy bovine origin E. coli strains. Phylogroups A and C, as well as pathotypes ExPEC and EPEC, were found to have a strong connection with bovine disease strains. STEC strains, including EHEC, seem to play a less important role in bovine disease. Sequence types (STs) predominant among strains from diarrhoeal origin were ST 301 (CC 165) and ST 342. Correlation of core genome phylogeny with accessory gene-based clustering, phylogroups and pathotypes indicated lineage-specific virulence factors mostly associated with disease conditions.ConclusionsComparative genomic analysis was applied to infer genetic factors significant in bovine disease origin E. coli strains. Isolates from bovine disease origin were enriched for the phylogroups A and C, and for the pathotypes ExPEC and EPEC. However, there was minimal evidence of STEC involvement. The study also indicated predominant genetic lineages and virulence genes (pap, sfa and afa) associated with disease origin strains.Significance and impact of studyThe study revealed significant pathotypes, phylogroups, serotypes and sequence types associated with bovine disease conditions. These identified genetic factors can be applied for disease diagnosis, implementing vaccines and therapeutic measures. In addition, E. coli isolates from the bovine species revealed a complex pattern of disease epidemiology.
A novel dibenzofuran from endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella nawae preferentially inhibits CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation
Authors: Wang Li-Wei , Li Jie , Gao Le-Xin , Chen Feng-Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim
To obtain promising immunosuppressants from endophytic fungus.

Methods and Results
The endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella nawae (ZJLQ129) was isolated from the plant Smilax china L. and its secondary metabolites extracted and fractionated through column chromatography. The metabolites were further modified by a derivatization reaction with ammonium hydroxide. After isolation and derivatization, a new dibenzofuran named as (+)isomycousnine enamine (iME) was obtained. The structures of the derivatives were determined based on chemical evidences and extensive spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR, DEPT and HRESI-MS spectra. The immune activities of iME were first evaluated on the proliferation and cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) production of T and B cells by using MTT and ELISA methods respectively. Then, its effects on the proliferation of T-cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as well as CD25 and CD69 expressions were also determined by flow cytometry. Finally, by using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA), the impacts of iME on the secretion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines from purified CD4+ T cells were assayed. The results showed that iME not only selectively suppressed the immune responses of T cells, but also preferentially inhibited the activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion
A novel dibenzofuran derived from endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella nawae preferentially inhibits CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This work obtained iME, a new dibenzofuran derived from endophytic fungus. iME has the capacity to inhibit CD4+ T-cell activation and therefore is a novel potential immunosuppressant for development in the future.
Spiritual needs and their associated psychosocial factors among women with breast cancer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Du Shiyuan , Li Kun , Wang Canfei , Li Yuan , Li Jiaxin , Luan Ze , Peng Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsGuided by the biopsychosocial‐spiritual model, this study aimed to evaluate the spiritual needs of Chinese women with breast cancer and explored factors associated with those spiritual needs.DesignThis study has a cross‐sectional design.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 228 breast cancer patients in China, between May 2019 and July 2019. Data were collected using the general information form, the Spiritual Needs Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression, and a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed by maximum likelihood estimation.ResultsThere was a slightly higher average score for spiritual needs. Of the five dimensions of spiritual needs, those with the highest and lowest levels were ‘meaning and purpose’ and ‘relationship with transcendence’ respectively. Religion, time since confirmed diagnosis and education level were related to spiritual needs. The proposed model linking spiritual needs perceived social support, anxiety, and depression revealed a satisfactory fit to the data. Specifically, a higher level of social support predicted lower levels of anxiety and depression, which in turn predicted stronger spiritual needs.ConclusionsThe spiritual needs of breast cancer patients were associated with individual characteristics and psychosocial elements. Patients' spiritual needs should therefore be effectively evaluated, especially the needs of those who are not religious. Furthermore, comprehensive, needs‐tailored interventions that incorporate spiritual, biological, psychological and social support should be formulated.ImpactNurses should become more aware of the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients, incorporate a spiritual focus into their care and develop comprehensive needs tailored to their characteristics as well as interventions based on biopsychosocial factors.
Definitional boundaries of discrimination: Tools for deciding what constitutes discrimination (and what doesn't)
Authors: Greenland Katy , West Keon , van Laar Colette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat counts as discrimination? Sometimes an event has to be a deliberate act of hate before it is described as discrimination. Sometimes “discrimination” can include much more subtle actions (e.g., microaggressions). There is good evidence that “what counts” as discrimination is mired in controversy, uncertainty, or ambivalence. We present a novel approach that bridges sociocultural and social cognitive accounts of “discrimination.” Definitional boundaries of discrimination are the widely shared, common sense rules that people deploy when arguing whether an event constitutes discrimination or not (e.g., an emphasis on the personality of the alleged perpetrator; the importance of intention; and claims that the problem of discrimination is small and/or mostly limited to the past). These rules are culturally situated but also deployed by individuals in specific local contexts. We introduce a 15‐item measure of the extent to which participants are deploying broader or narrower definitional boundaries of discrimination (DBDs). We demonstrate that the measure has good convergent and discriminant validity (Study 1); that participants who are deploying narrow DBDs are less likely to make attributions to discrimination (Study 2); that participants' DBDs predict judgments for some intergroup contexts but not others (Study 3), and that participants who identify as racialized majorities have significantly narrower racism DBDs compared to participants who identify as racialized minorities (Study 4). We conclude with suggestions about how DBDs could be used in future research.
The phenomenon of red and yellow autumn leaves: Hypotheses, agreements and disagreements
Authors: Lev‐Yadun Simcha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYellow and red autumn leaves are typical of many temperate/boreal woody plants. Since the 19thcentury, it has been either considered the non‐functional outcome of chlorophyll degradation that unmasks the pre‐existing yellow and red pigments or that the de novo synthesis of red anthocyanins in autumn leaves indicated that it should have a physiological function, although it was commonly ignored. Defending free amino acids and various other resources released especially following the breakdown of the photosynthetic system, and mobilizing them for storage in other organs before leaf fall, is the cornerstone of both the physiological and anti‐herbivory hypotheses about the functions of yellow and red autumn leaf colouration. The complicated phenomenon of conspicuous autumn leaf colouration has received significant attention since the year 2000, especially because ecologists started paying attention to its anti‐herbivory potential. The obvious imperfection of the hypotheses put forth in several papers stimulated many other scientists. Hot debates among physiologists, among ecologists, and between physiologists and ecologists have been common since the year 2000, first because the various functions of yellow and red autumn leaf colouration are non‐exclusive, and second because many scientists were trained to focus on a single subject. Here, I will review the debates, especially between the photoprotective and the anti‐herbivory hypotheses, and describe both the progress in their understanding and the required progress.
Prosthesis accuracy of fit on 3D‐printed casts versus stone casts: A comparative study in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Abdeen Layal , Chen Yo‐wei , Kostagianni Aikaterini , Finkelman Matthew , Papathanasiou Aikaterini , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare in vitro the accuracy of fit of a reference prosthesis seated on three‐dimensional (3D) printed casts generated from digital implant scans vs stone casts made by conventional implant impressions.Material and MethodsA partially edentulous maxillary master cast with two internal connection implants was generated, while a reference implant‐supported prosthesis was fabricated. Conventional splinted open‐tray impressions were taken to create stone casts (n = 10) (control group). A digital scan was taken of the master cast using a white light intraoral optical scanner (IOS) (TRIOS, 3Shape), and a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file was obtained. Four 3D printers were used to print the casts (n = 10 from each 3D printer): Straumann® P30+, Varseo S, Form 3b+and M2 Carbon. Accuracy of fit of the reference prosthesis on all control and test casts was assessed using the screw resistance test and radiographic test. Additionally, all casts were digitized using the same IOS, and the STL files were superimposed to the master cast STL file (reference) to evaluate the 3D accuracy with inspection Geomagic Control software using the root‐mean‐square (RMS) error.ResultsThe reference prosthesis presented with clinically acceptable fit on all casts. The highest median RMS error was found in the stone cast group (94.6 μm) while the lowest median was in the M2 Carbon group (46.9 μm). The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). For post hoc comparisons, Dunn's test with the Holm–Bonferroni correction resulted in a statistically significant difference in four tests, with M2 Carbon exhibiting lower RMS error than the stone cast (p < 0.001) and P30+ (p < 0.001) groups, Form 3b exhibiting lower RMS error than the stone cast (p < 0.001) group, and Varseo S exhibiting lower RMS error than the stone cast (p = 0.006) group.ConclusionUsing the screw‐resistance test and radiographic assessment, the reference prosthesis fit presented with clinically acceptable accuracy of fit on all casts. Printed casts from 3 different printers demonstrated statistically significant lower 3D deviations than stone casts generated using a conventional implant impression for the present partially edentulous scenario with two implants, but this did not affect prosthesis fit.Clinical SignificanceEven though there were 3D deviations between the master cast and all control and test casts generated from conventional impressions and digital scans respectively, the reference prosthesis presented with accurate fit on all casts. This indicates that there is a threshold for clinically acceptable accuracy of fit and that 3D‐printed casts may be used as definitive master casts to fabricate implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses for the partially edentulous anterior maxilla.
Influence of processing techniques on the protein quality of major and minor millet crops: A review
Authors: Bangar Sneh Punia , Suri Shweta , Malakar Santanu , Sharma Nitya , Whiteside William Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMillets have a distinctive protein composition comprising of high concentrations of essential amino acids with numerous health‐promoting characteristics. Through various in vitro and animal research studies, a variety of millet‐based bioactive peptides isolated from millets have given significant evidence of their health‐improving properties. However, the processing technique significantly impacts the biological activity of these millet peptides. The amount, structure, and function of major and minor millet proteins are influenced by different processing techniques. Studies have demonstrated that germination and fermentation increase bioavailability, in vitro protein digestibility, and protein efficiency. Moreover, the innovative processing techniques viz: microwave, ultrasound, and high‐pressure processing had a significant impact on structural and quality attributes of the millet proteins and their fractionation. The non‐thermal processing ensured the modification of structure and stability with the enhancement of functionality of the millet protein. The present review has been designed to summarize the major health benefits of millet proteins and the effect of various processing methods on their quality attributes. The information provided in the review would play an important role in further research and development activities at the commercial scale governing the improvement in millet protein efficiency, modification, bioavailability, and in vitro protein digestibility by different processing techniques.Novelty impact statementThis review summarized the recent research on the major health benefits of millet proteins and the influence of different processing methods on bioactive peptides from major and minor millets.
Postpartum regression of human papillomavirus‐related vulvar cancer: A case report
Authors: Murakami Mayu , Taniguchi Shuichi , Murakami Takeshi , Imamura Hiroko , Marutsuka Kousuke , Shimamoto Tomihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 23‐year‐old pregnant woman (gravida 2 para 0, pregnancy 33 weeks and 3 days) with a history of laser ablation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia‐3 at 22 years. At initial visit, a 2 × 2 × 1‐cm elevated mass was found on right labia majora. Biopsy results revealed squamous cell carcinoma of right labia; immunostaining revealed p16 positivity. Patient was diagnosed with human papillomavirus‐related vulvar cancer. Selective cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks and 4 days of gestation. Postoperative histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1.7‐mm deep infiltrations led to vulvar cancer stage IB diagnosis. Reduction operation was performed, and postoperative follow‐up of 1 year and 8 months revealed no recurrence. These results emphasize that small vulvar tumors during pregnancy should not be underestimated and histological examinations should be performed without hesitation. Careful observation and evaluation of tumors is necessary during pregnancy and after delivery because they may shrink postdelivery.
Validation of the McIntyre Audit Tool to measure haemodialysis nurse sensitive indicators
Authors: McIntyre David , Bonner Ann , McGuire Amanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse sensitive indicators measure the quality of nursing care. Although there are some haemodialysis nurse sensitive indicators, there are currently no validated audit tools available to measure the indicators.ObjectivesTo test the validity of the McIntyre Audit Tool.DesignThis study used a descriptive observation design conducted over two phases to assess face and content validity.ParticipantsAn expert panel of haemodialysis nurses (n = 13).MethodsFace validity (phase 1) involved 13 nurses in two focus groups who reviewed the audit tool with qualitative data generated analysed to identify common themes. Phase 2 used a modified version of the audit tool to test for content validity for each item and then scale level content validity was calculated by combining all item scores.MeasurementsTen nurses rated 26 indicators in the audit tool using a 4‐point Likert scale to assess each item for clarity, relevance, appropriateness, and ambiguity.ResultsAll 26‐haemodialysis nurse sensitive indicators achieved item content validity indices ranging from 0.825 to 1.00 with a scale content validity index average of 0.910. However, based on feedback from phase 2, 6 outcome indicators were removed from the audit tool to reduce staff burden and assist with ease of use. The final audit tool had an excellent average scale content validity index of 0.924.ConclusionsThe McIntyre Audit Tool to measure 20 haemodialysis nurse sensitive indicators has been validated. It now requires feasibility and reliability testing before auditing the quality of haemodialysis nursing care.
Effect of maifan stone on the growth of probiotics and regulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Li Z. , Zhou Q. , Qu Q. , Liao Y. , Yang F. , Sheng M. , Feng L. , Shi X. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maifan stone is a kind of mineral medicine in Chinese medicine, which has good adsorption, dissolution, mineralization and biological activity. It has an excellent therapeutic effect on livestock, poultry and aquatic animals suffering from intestinal diseases. This study explored the effect of Maifan stone on the growth ability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) and the effect of Maifan stone-L. rhamnosus GG-fermented product on the intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota. We find that Maifan stone can adsorb L. rhamnosus GG to form a carrier bacteria. Maifan stone has the characteristics of acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance and can also improve the activity of L. rhamnosus GG in artificial gastrointestinal juice. The fermented product can reduce the degree of diarrhoea and colon pathology in rats to a certain extent and significantly improve intestinal inflammatory factors and gut microbiota. This study improves the application effect of L. rhamnosus GG in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea animals and provides a scientific basis for the rational development of Maifan stone resources.
Isolated Grauer's gorilla populations differ in diet and gut microbiome
Authors: Michel Alice , Minocher Riana , Niehoff Peter‐Philip , Li Yuhong , Nota Kevin , Gadhvi Maya A. , Su Jiancheng , Iyer Neetha , Porter Amy , Ngobobo‐As‐Ibungu Urbain , Binyinyi Escobar , Nishuli Pekeyake Radar , Parducci Laura , Caillaud Damien , Guschanski Katerina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe animal gut microbiome has been implicated in a number of key biological processes, ranging from digestion to behaviour, and has also been suggested to facilitate local adaptation. Yet studies in wild animals rarely compare multiple populations that differ ecologically, which is the level at which local adaptation may occur. Further, few studies simultaneously characterize diet and gut microbiome from the same sample, despite their probable interdependence. Here, we investigate the interplay between diet and gut microbiome in three geographically isolated populations of the critically endangered Grauer's gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri), which we show to be genetically differentiated. We find population‐ and social group‐specific dietary and gut microbial profiles and covariation between diet and gut microbiome, despite the presence of core microbial taxa. There was no detectable effect of age, and only marginal effects of sex and genetic relatedness on the microbiome. Diet differed considerably across populations, with the high‐altitude population consuming a lower diversity of plants compared to low‐altitude populations, consistent with plant availability constraining dietary choices. The observed pattern of covariation between diet and gut microbiome is probably a result of long‐term social and environmental factors. Our study suggests that the gut microbiome is sufficiently plastic to support flexible food selection and hence contribute to local adaptation.
A new conceptual and quantitative approach to exploring and defining potential open‐access olfactory information
Authors: Orlando Cristian Gabriel , Possell Malcolm , Price Catherine , Banks Peter B. , Mercorelli Louis , McArthur Clare 
Published: August 2022

Summary

All organisms emit odour, providing ‘open‐access’ olfactory information for any receiver with the right sensory apparatus. Characterizing open‐access information emitted by groups of organisms, such as plant species, provides the means to answer significant questions about ecological interactions and their evolution.

We present a new conceptual framework defining information reliability and a practical method to characterize and recover information from amongst olfactory noise.

We quantified odour emissions from two tree species, one focal group and one outgroup, to demonstrate our approach using two new R statistical functions. We explore the consequences of relaxing or tightening criteria defining information and, from thousands of odour combinations, we identify and quantify those few likely to be informative.

Our method uses core general principles characterizing information while incorporating knowledge of how receivers detect and discriminate odours. We can now map information in consistency–precision reliability space, explore the concept of information, and test information–noise boundaries, and between cues and signals.