bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and in‐vitro characterization of a novel fetal vesicoamniotic shunt – The Vortex shunt
Authors: Sheth Kunj R. , Danzer Enrico , Johnson Eric , Wall James K. , Blumenfeld Yair J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and test a novel vesicoamniotic shunt (VAS) to treat fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), decrease dislodgement and optimize shunt deployment in‐vitro.MethodsVesicoamniotic shunt design objectives included: (1) robust and atraumatic fixation elements, (2) kink resistant conduit to adjust to fetal movement and growth, (3) one‐way pressure valve to facilitate bladder cycling, and (4) echogenic deployment visualization aids. The force to dislodge the novel Vortex shunt was compared with existing commercially available shunts in a bench‐top porcine bladder model. Sonographic echogenicity was evaluated with ultrasound‐guided deployment, and the shunt valve pressure measured.ResultsA prototype novel Vortex shunt was developed using braided nitinol “umbrella‐type” ends with a kink‐resistant stem incorporating an internal one‐way valve. The peak force required to dislodge the Vortex shunt was significantly higher than commercially available shunts (p < 0.01). Shunt deployment in the bench‐top model was easily confirmed with ultrasound guidance and the brisk decompression of the inflated porcine bladder thereafter. In‐vitro valve gauge pressure testing mirrored bladder pressures in human LUTO cases.ConclusionIn‐vitro testing shows that the Vortex shunt may improve deployment, sonographic visualization, kink resistance, and dynamic size adjustment. Validation in preclinical animal models are warranted and currently underway.
Surface Molecular Functionalization of Unusual Phase Metal Nanomaterials for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction under Industry‐Relevant Current Density
Authors: Wang Juan , Yu Jinli , Sun Mingzi , Liao Lingwen , Zhang Qinghua , Zhai Li , Zhou Xichen , Li Lujiang , Wang Gang , Meng Fanqi , Shen Dong , Li Zijian , Bao Haibo , Wang Yunhao , Zhou Jingwen , Chen Ye , Niu Wenxin , Huang Bolong , Gu Lin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a sustainable strategy to relieve global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. However, the practical application of CO2RR is still limited by the poor selectivity and low current density. Here, the surface molecular functionalization of unusual phase metal nanomaterials for high‐performance CO2RR under industry‐relevant current density is reported. It is observed that 5‐mercapto‐1‐methyltetrazole (MMT)‐modified 4H/face‐centered cubic (fcc) gold (Au) nanorods demonstrate greatly enhanced CO2RR performance than original oleylamine (OAm)‐capped 4H/fcc Au nanorods in both an H‐type cell and flow cell. Significantly, MMT‐modified 4H/fcc Au nanorods deliver an excellent carbon monoxide selectivity of 95.6% under the industry‐relevant current density of 200 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations reveal distinct electronic modulations by surface ligands, in which MMT improves while OAm suppresses the surface electroactivity of 4H/fcc Au nanorods. Furthermore, this method can be extended to various MMT derivatives and conventional fcc Au nanostructures in boosting CO2RR performance.
Exploring the Neighbourhood – the Sun, the Moon and Jupiter
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe idea that the Sun may emit radio waves has a long history. As Woody Sullivan (1982) has shown in hisClassics in Radio Astronomy, the idea first gained credence in the 1890s, but initial searches by a number of different investigators proved fruitless (e.g. see Débarbat et al. (2007) for details of Nordmann’s search in 1901). Success would come half-century later, thanks largely to the development of wartime radar.
Threat Modelling of Cyber Physical Systems: A Real Case Study Based on Window Cleaning Business
Authors: Brown Sion , Fox Stephen , Hewage Chaminda , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThreat modelling Cyber-Physical System built on cloud infrastructure to monitor and manage the window cleaning operation using Window Cleaning Warehouse as a case study. Focusing on IoT data collection and cloud infrastructure security and the connections with the Cyber-Physical System. External dependencies and trust levels are defined before using trust boundaries and data flow diagrams to highlight attack surfaces. Expected scenarios from the data flow diagrams are discussed to identify violated intended use of the system using STRIDE threat classification. A risk assessment of assets that may be of interest to an adversary aid the discovery of more security risks that are then prioritised using the DREAD methodology. The results of the research present a comprehensive breakdown of vulnerabilities associated with IoT data security for route optimisation ranging from GPS spoofing, to Firestore vulnerabilities in the real-time database to Bluetooth Low Energy vulnerabilities in the IoT hardware, all of which could be common risks in cyber-physical systems designed by SME businesses. The research concludes various security risks applicable to SME businesses adopting industry 4.0 to alleviate the risk of new security breaches to the business through this adoption, increasing the likelihood of successful adoption of industry 4.0.
Name Dropping: Toward a Uniform Best Practice on Historical Commemoration in Medicine
Authors: Appel Joseph M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe removal of controversial names and monuments from the public sphere in the United States has gained traction in the context of efforts to achieve social justice for historically mistreated and marginalized communities. Such debates are increasingly raising issues in the healthcare setting as hospitals and medical schools grapple with the legacies of figures whose scientific contributions are clouded with ethical transgressions. Present efforts to address these challenges have largely occurred at the institutional level. The results have been guidelines that are complex, highly inconsistent across institutions, and largely downplay the symbolic importance of such historical redress. This paper proposes a simpler three-part test for name and monument removal in the medical and hospital settings that places greater weight on the symbolic importance of the renaming process itself instead of only considering the outcomes.
Mutatis mutandis … On Euthanasia and Advanced Dementia in the Netherlands
Authors: Buijsen Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are common practice in the Netherlands. In response to increasing requests from patients to end their lives, physicians are finding themselves placed in particularly precarious situations because of advance directives written by patients suffering from severe dementia. In April 2020, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands issued two judgments in the so-called Dormicum case: a case involving the deliberate termination of the life of a 74-year-old woman suffering from advanced dementia by a geriatrician in a nursing home in The Hague. The judgment of the lower criminal court was upheld, but the sanction imposed by the appellate disciplinary court was quashed. In this paper, the author reviews the two Supreme Court rulings, argues that both are fundamentally flawed and raises questions as to what they mean for Dutch criminal law, physicians, and patients going forward.
An Ethical Case for Medical Scribes
Authors: Schwan David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article addresses ethical concerns with the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by physicians in clinical practice. It presents arguments for two claims. First, requiring physicians to maintain patient EHRs for medically unnecessary tasks is likely contributing to increased burnout, decreased quality of care, and potential risks to patient safety. Second, medical institutions have ethical reasons to employ medical scribes to maintain patient EHRs. Finally, this article reviews central objections to employing medical scribes and provides responses to each.
Gamified crowdsourcing for idiom corpora construction
Authors: Eryiğit GülŞen , Şentaş Ali , Monti Johanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLearning idiomatic expressions is seen as one of the most challenging stages in second-language learning because of their unpredictable meaning. A similar situation holds for their identification within natural language processing applications such as machine translation and parsing. The lack of high-quality usage samples exacerbates this challenge not only for humans but also for artificial intelligence systems. This article introduces a gamified crowdsourcing approach for collecting language learning materials for idiomatic expressions; a messaging bot is designed as an asynchronous multiplayer game for native speakers who compete with each other while providing idiomatic and nonidiomatic usage examples and rating other players’ entries. As opposed to classical crowd-processing annotation efforts in the field, for the first time in the literature, a crowd-creating & crowd-rating approach is implemented and tested for idiom corpora construction. The approach is language-independent and evaluated on two languages in comparison to traditional data preparation techniques in the field. The reaction of the crowd is monitored under different motivational means (namely, gamification affordances and monetary rewards). The results reveal that the proposed approach is powerful in collecting the targeted materials, and although being an explicit crowdsourcing approach, it is found entertaining and useful by the crowd. The approach has been shown to have the potential to speed up the construction of idiom corpora for different natural languages to be used as second-language learning material, training data for supervised idiom identification systems, or samples for lexicographic studies.
Ultrahypofractionated breast radiotherapy during SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, beyond fast-forward trial: a local experience
Authors: Yahya Sundus , Fatima Tamseel , Irwin Amy Louise , Clayton Melanie , Spooner David , Fernando Indrajit , Stevens Andrea , Sherriff Jenny , Henderson Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
During the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Oncology Department incorporated the ultrahypofractionated regime of 26Gy/5 fractions alongside the moderate hypofractionated regime of 40Gy/15 fractions as part of local adjuvant breast radiotherapy treatment (RT) for eligible patients. We conducted a local study to assess the real-life experience of patients undergoing ultrahypofractionated schedule to compare feasibility and toxicity to the fast-forward trial during the COVID − 19 pandemic.

Methods:
A single institution, retrospective, qualitative study. Patients included had early-stage breast cancer and received adjuvant radiotherapy between 23 March 2020 and 31 May 2020, a total of 211 patients. Inclusion was irrespective of any other neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatments. Data were collected retrospectively for treatment dose, boost dose and toxicity.

Results:
Of the total 211 patients, 85 were treated with 26Gy in 5# and 19 patients received a boost as per the fast-forward protocol. Of these 85 patients, 15·9% did not report any skin toxicity post-treatment. 63·5% of patients reported RTOG Grade 1, 15·9% had RTOG Grade 2, and 1·6% reported RTOG Grade 3 skin toxicity. 3·2% of the patients could not be contacted for follow-up. Of the 19 patients who received a breast boost, 10·53% reported no skin changes. 78·9% reported Grade 1 skin toxicity. Both Grades 2a and 2b skin toxicity were reported by 5·26% each. The patient demographics and tumour characteristics in our study cohort were comparable to those within the fast-forward trial. In terms of post-RT skin toxicity, fewer patients reported any toxicity in the UHB patient cohort versus those in the trial, and the number of Grade 2/3 toxicities reported was also low. A delay in toxicity reporting from 2 weeks for 40Gy/15 to 3 weeks for 26Gy/5 was observed.

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that offering ultrahypofractionation was convenient for patients; reducing the number of hospital visits during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic appeared safe in terms of acute post-RT-related skin toxicity. The reduced hospital visits limited exposure of patients and staff to the SARS-CoV-2 virus while also ensuring efficient use of Radiotherapy Department resources. Local follow-up protocols have been amended to ensure review at 3 weeks for the 26Gy/5 schedule to acknowledge the delay in acute toxicity development. To date, there is only 5-year toxicity and relapse data available from the fast-forward trial; therefore, hypofractionation schedules should be offered to patients as long as they fulfil the criteria and understand the limitations of the study as well as accelerated peer review processes in the face of the pandemic.
Free Wave Effects in Meteotsunamis
Authors: Grue John , Pedersen Geir K. , Saetra Øyvind 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFree wave generation due to a ship or storm moving past a shallow, great depth change of the water, is measured on the shore (coast), modeled and compared. The free waves are generated at the depth change where the forced wave and velocity field attached to the moving pressure system adjust to the new depth. The wavenumber is a factor 1/12 smaller in the meteotsunami case compared to the ship case. The subcritical depth Froude numbers are similar in the two cases. The meteotsunami that occurred on the Norwegian Coast on 29–30 June 2019 was driven by a supercell thunderstorm moving at speed 110 km/hr. A localized, strong high pressure feature of width of 60 km and crest of 120 km obtained from weather forecast was used as input for a set of simulations of the water‐level response including realistic bathymetry. At the transition between the North Sea and the Norwegian Trench, the storm generated a free depression wave. This arrived at the coast 24 min ahead of the depression attached to the storm. The calculation fits to a period of 23 min, of a series several oscillations of height of 0.3–0.4 m, as measured by the water‐level gauge. An impulsive start‐up generates an additional forerunning elevation wave. Short waves of period of 1/3 of the main ship‐driven waves may originate from the steep gradients of the bow and stern. Similarly, short waves of period 6–7.5 min (0.002–0.003 Hz) are observed in the measured water‐level on the coast.
Telepractice Treatment of Residual Rhotic Errors Using App-Based Biofeedback: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peterson Laura , Savarese Christian , Campbell Twylah , Ma Zhigong , Simpson Kenneth O. , McAllister Tara 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
Although mobile apps are used extensively by speech-language pathologists, evidence for app-based treatments remains limited in quantity and quality. This study investigated the efficacy of app-based visual–acoustic biofeedback relative to nonbiofeedback treatment using a single-case randomization design. Because of COVID-19, all intervention was delivered via telepractice.

Method:

Participants were four children aged 9–10 years with residual errors affecting American English /ɹ/. Using a randomization design, individual sessions were randomly assigned to feature practice with or without biofeedback, all delivered using the speech app
Speech Therapist's App for /r/ Treatment
. Progress was assessed using blinded listener ratings of word probes administered at baseline, posttreatment, and immediately before and after each treatment session.

Results:
All participants showed a clinically significant response to the overall treatment package, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to very large. One participant showed a significant advantage for biofeedback over nonbiofeedback treatment, although the order of treatment delivery poses a potential confound for interpretation in this case.

Conclusions:
While larger scale studies are needed, these results suggest that app-based treatment for residual errors can be effective when delivered via telepractice. These results are compatible with previous findings in the motor learning literature regarding the importance of treatment dose and the timing of feedback conditions.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18461576
Prospective Evaluation of Transanal Irrigation With a Validated Pediatric Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Scoring System
Authors: Fernandez Jenelle , Patel Samit , Hopson Puanani , Safder Shaista 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the efficacy of transanal irrigation (TAI) in pediatric patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) who were treatment naïve to catheter‐based TAI using Peristeen device (Coloplast).Methods:Prospective recruitment of patients with NBD who were unsatisfied with their bowel regimen or had no bowel regimen in place, were assessed using the neurogenic bowel dysfunction score (NBDS) before initiating treatment (Time 0) with Peristeen. NBDS scores were reassessed twice: within the first 6 months (Time 1) of initiation of Peristeen and again after greater than 6 months of usage with Peristeen (Time 2).Results:Over a 26‐month period, 104 patients with NBD were enrolled. Mean age was 10.6 years ± 4.7 (range 3–18 years). The NBDS at Time 1 had an average reduction of 14 points from the original score. A similar trajectory was seen at Time 2, with an average reduction of 13 points from original score. There was a statistically significant decrease of 14 points, P < 0.001 at Time 1 and this response was sustained at Time 2 with a statistically significant decrease in scores from initiation by 13 points, P < 0.001. Improved patient satisfaction and quality of life with Peristeen was seen at Time 1 and Time 2.Conclusion:Our results suggest that Peristeen can improve quality of life in pediatric patients with NBD. Significant improvement in NBDS occurred in our pediatric patients with NBD when initiated on Peristeen. Lower scores were seen at both Time 1 and Time 2, which indicated an improvement in their overall NBD.
A Whole-Brain 3D Myeloarchitectonic Atlas: Mapping the Vogt-Vogt Legacy to the Cortical Surface
Authors: Foit Niels A. , Yung Seles , Lee Hyo Min , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Hong Seok-Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBuilding precise and detailed parcellations of anatomically and functionally distinct brain areas has been a major focus in Neuroscience. Pioneer anatomists parcellated the cortical manifold based on extensive histological studies of post-mortem brain, harnessing local variations in cortical cyto- and myeloarchitecture to define areal boundaries. Compared to the cytoarchitectonic field, where multiple neuroimaging studies have recently translated this old legacy data into useful analytical resources, myeloarchitectonics, which parcellate the cortex based on the organization of myelinated fibers, has received less attention. Here, we present the neocortical surface-based myeloarchitectonic atlas based on the histology-derived maps of the Vogt-Vogt school and its 2D translation by Nieuwenhuys. In addition to a myeloarchitectonic parcellation, our package includes intracortical laminar profiles of myelin content based on Vogt-Vogt-Hopf original publications. Histology-derived myelin density mapped on our atlas demonstrate close overlap within vivoquantitative MRI markers for myelin and relates to cytoarchitectural features. Complementing the existing battery of approaches for digital cartography, the whole-brain myeloarchitectonic atlas offers an opportunity to validate imaging surrogate markers of myelin in both health and disease.HighlightsOur myeloarchitectonic atlas builds on extensive meta-analyses-derived and ground-truth histological data.Our atlas provides qualitative and quantitative 3D information on cortical myelin architecture.MRI surrogate markers of myelin demonstrate close overlap with histological cortical parcellations, supporting biological validity of non-invasive metrics.This atlas can be seamlessly integrated into widely used neuroimaging analysis software to inform studies in health and disease.
Probabilistic quotient’s work & pharmacokinetics’ contribution: countering size effect in metabolic time series measurements
Authors: Gotsmy Mathias , Brunmair Julia , Büschl Christoph , Gerner Christopher , Zanghellini Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetabolomic time course analyses of biofluids are highly relevant for clinical diagnostics. However, many sampling methods suffer from unknown sample sizes commonly known as size effects. This prevents absolute quantification of biomarkers. Recently, several mathematical post acquisition normalization methods have been developed to overcome these problems either by exploiting already known pharmacokinetic information or by statistical means.Here we present an improved normalization method, MIX, that combines the advantages of both approaches. It couples two normalization terms, one based on a pharmacokinetic model (PKM) and the other representing a popular statistical approach, probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN), in a single model.To test the performance of MIX, we generated synthetic data closely resembling real finger sweat metabolome measurements. We show that MIX normalization successfully tackles key weaknesses of the individual strategies: it (i) reduces the risk of overfitting with PKM, and (ii) contrary to PQN, it allows to compute sample volumes. Finally, we validate MIX by using real finger sweat as well as blood plasma metabolome data and demonstrate that MIX allows to better and more robustly correct for size effects.In conclusion, the MIX method improves the reliability and robustness of quantitative biomarker detection in finger sweat and other biofluids, paving the way for biomarker discovery and hypothesis generation from metabolomic time course data.