bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Grafts in Dental Implant Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sghaireen Mohammed G. , Shrivastava Deepti , Alnusayri Mohammed O. , Alahmari Abdulmajeed D. , Aldajani Ali M. , Srivastava Kumar C. , Alam Mohammad K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Successful implant dentistry can be directly related to the quality and quantity of bone at the recipient site of the implant. Over the years, bone grafts have been used for the treatment of various osseous defects. Due to the widespread acceptance of dental implants, interest in bone reconstruction for the oral cavity has increased dramatically over the past decade. Many patients who request implant rehabilitation require ancillary procedures to increase the quantity and quality of the recipient’s bone. The internal architecture of the bone is generally described in terms of quality of the bone, which in turn reflects the strength (degree of compactness) of the bone. This is considered a crucial factor about the available bone at the edentulous site while planing about the design of the planned implant, surgical approach, healing time, and the initial progressive bone loading during the prosthetic reconstruction. Atrophy of the alveolar processes is expressed as a reduction of height and width. Databases were electronically searched up to April 2019 to identify human bone graft studies to provide contemporary and comprehensive information about the various bone grafts used in dental implant management.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction Models for Different Clinical Risks in Different Hospitals: Evaluation of Live Performance
Authors: Sun Hong , Depraetere Kristof , Meesseman Laurent , Cabanillas Silva Patricia , Szymanowsky Ralph , Fliegenschmidt Janis , Hulde Nikolai , von Dossow Vera , Vanbiervliet Martijn , De Baerdemaeker Jos , Roccaro-Waldmeyer Diana M , Stieg Jörg , Domínguez Hidalgo Manuel , Dahlweid Fried-Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background
Machine learning algorithms are currently used in a wide array of clinical domains to produce models that can predict clinical risk events. Most models are developed and evaluated with retrospective data, very few are evaluated in a clinical workflow, and even fewer report performances in different hospitals. In this study, we provide detailed evaluations of clinical risk prediction models in live clinical workflows for three different use cases in three different hospitals.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to evaluate clinical risk prediction models in live clinical workflows and compare their performance in these setting with their performance when using retrospective data. We also aimed at generalizing the results by applying our investigation to three different use cases in three different hospitals.

Methods
We trained clinical risk prediction models for three use cases (ie, delirium, sepsis, and acute kidney injury) in three different hospitals with retrospective data. We used machine learning and, specifically, deep learning to train models that were based on the Transformer model. The models were trained using a calibration tool that is common for all hospitals and use cases. The models had a common design but were calibrated using each hospital’s specific data. The models were deployed in these three hospitals and used in daily clinical practice. The predictions made by these models were logged and correlated with the diagnosis at discharge. We compared their performance with evaluations on retrospective data and conducted cross-hospital evaluations.

Results
The performance of the prediction models with data from live clinical workflows was similar to the performance with retrospective data. The average value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) decreased slightly by 0.6 percentage points (from 94.8% to 94.2% at discharge). The cross-hospital evaluations exhibited severely reduced performance: the average AUROC decreased by 8 percentage points (from 94.2% to 86.3% at discharge), which indicates the importance of model calibration with data from the deployment hospital.

Conclusions
Calibrating the prediction model with data from different deployment hospitals led to good performance in live settings. The performance degradation in the cross-hospital evaluation identified limitations in developing a generic model for different hospitals. Designing a generic process for model development to generate specialized prediction models for each hospital guarantees model performance in different hospitals.
Архитектура как феномен эволюции Универсума. Часть 1
Authors: Ткачёв Валентин 
Published: April 2022

В качестве материализованного объекта человеческой деятельности по организации среды обитания архитекту­ра представляет многомерное информационное поле для исторического и синхронного анализа по всем разделам со­временной научной методологии, обновляющейся в теориях хаоса, фракталов, в сфере исследований самоорганизующихся систем, потоки развития которых входят в общее русло эво­люции мироздания. Расширение горизонта знаний о микро- и макромире приводит к пониманию того, что естественная на этапах становления науки углублённая специализация дисциплин сегодня неизбежно упирается в необходимость обобщения, выявления единых закономерностей их бытия, отхода отудовлетворённости успехами разобщённых отрас­лей знаний. Известный английский физик Р. Пенроуз сетовал по поводу того, что современная наука похожа на одеяло, сшитое из лоскутов.
Организованные системы косного, органического и со­циального мира, демонстрирующие разнообразие форм и моделей существования, являют собой произведения дей­ствующих в мире всеобщих закономерностей Универсума. В том числе и архитектура, на объектах которой как на модели мы воочию наблюдаем действие этих закономерностей, ибо о морфогенезе космических тел и микромире можно судить дистанционно и в основном по гипотезам.
Цифровая архитектура
Authors: Дубынин Николай , Кочешкова Екатерина , Граник Михаил , Родимов Антон 
Published: April 2022

Внедрение технологий информационного моделирования (ТИМ) является одной из современных тенденций развития архитектурного проектирования, определяющей вопросы разработки и оформления проектной документации, посте­пенно становясь обязательным условием её реализации в виде строительной информационной модели - БИМ (BIM). Процесс перехода к новым методам ведения проектирования формально стал важным показателем в официальной оценке эффективности работы строительной отрасли в целом и архи­тектуры в частности. Однако активное применение новых ин­струментов проектирования требует обоснования таких важных показателей их применения на практике, как эффективность, безопасность,технические и этические ограничения.
В целях выявления реальной картины в данной обла­сти проанализирована информация, содержащая мнения исследователей и специалистов и экспертные оценки по проблемным вопросам внедрения ТИМ. При этом выявлена тенденция искусственного стимулирования данного процесса на разных уровнях управления строительством на основе оптимистичных оценок его эффективности. Проблема за­ключается в организации широкомасштабного эксперимента по внедрению цифровых технологий при отсутствии опыта апробации достаточного для обоснованной оценки предпо­лагаемых результатов.
Анализ существующих возможностей, проблем и пер­спектив развития новых методов в архитектурном проек­тировании позволяет определить целесообразную степень их внедрения.
Family support in the representations of students
Authors: Sharin V. I. 
Published: April 2022

The research is aimed at studying the relationship of family mutual assistance. The aim of the work is to establish the nature of these relationships and the factors inﬂuencing their reproduction based on the study of family mutual assistance relations in families with student children. The methodological basis of the research is the development of the theory of reciprocity by B. Malinovsky and K. Polanyi, as well as the works of leading foreign and Russian scientists. The study was conducted using General scientiﬁc methods, such as system analysis, questionnaires, generalization and systematization, and comparisons. The empirical base is based on a survey of 500 students and 15 individual semi-structured interviews of students of the Ural state University of Economics and the Ural Federal University, collected in 2020.As a result of the study, it was found that the relations of family assistance in families with student children are arranged in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, that is, they reﬂect the interdependence of family members, the symmetry of support acts, when the roles of the recipient of a gift or service and the donor alternate, and are also characterized by non-equivalence of received (transmitted) gifts and services. The main types of family support are for student children-ﬁnancial support for parents, for parents-assistance for children in household management. Emotional and psychological support is provided by more than half of the students and their parents. The reproduction of family mutual aid relations is inﬂuenced by social, economic and emotional factors, among which the factors of kinship, attachment, family solidarity, as well as the objective possibility of providing support as the economic basis of the relationship of assistance are of high importance.
Russian society after the COVID-19 pandemic: look into the future
Authors: Osipova N. G. 
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes in detail the medical, as well as socio-economic and social problems in Russia caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty and little-studied process of the course of a new disease, its consequences for the human body, caused many problems associated with the liberalization of medicine and healthcare as the most important social institution. Although huge human resources were allocated and large material resources were spent to combat the pandemic, it was not possible to quickly localize its spread. Despite the fact that a suﬃcient number of optimistic forecasts were made, including by medical professionals, and even speciﬁc dates for the end of the pandemic were periodically called, it has clearly taken on a protracted nature. At the same time, unfortunately, the experience of ﬁghting various infectious diseases, including smallpox and cholera, accumulated by domestic medicine, especially during the Soviet period, was not taken into account. Not enough attention was paid to the analysis of the experience of ﬁghting this disease in its “homeland” — China.Among the economic problems caused by the pandemic are signiﬁcant sectoral shifts and imbalances in the structure of the economy, a drop in GDP, an increase in inﬂation, a decrease in real incomes and a redistribution of expenditures among the population, as well as serious changes in the labor market. The social problems caused by the pandemic include the deterioration of the socio-demographic situation and the serious aggravation of traditional and the emergence of new forms of social inequality — health inequality, digital inequality, age and regional inequality.The coronavirus pandemic, which has engulfed almost the entire world, has seriously aﬀected the economy, as well as social and behavioral practices, has caused fears, anxiety, even panic, and deterioration of the social well-being of large segments of society.The article analyzes three probabilistic forecasts of the development of events after the pandemic. According to the ﬁrst of them, the whole world, including our country, will return to the former, neoliberal course after the end of the pandemic. Then new actors of the world order will come to the forefront of history, and the most powerful socio-economic crisis will take a protracted character, which will entail numerous human sacriﬁces. The second involves the establishment of a new state dictatorship — a digital type, with total control of bureaucratic institutions over all spheres of personal and public life, including the spread of the inﬂuence of medicine on them. The third one justiﬁes the use of the experience of ﬁghting the pandemic and the crisis to review and eliminate the dysfunctional components of the social system, change the attitude to personal and social values, which, ultimately, will help change society for the better.
possibilidade de deportação de pessoas apátridas do território brasileiro
Authors: Cecchin Nicoly de Lima , Martins Jilia Diane 
Published: April 2022

O fenômeno da apatridia, significa simplesmente a ausência de pátria, caracteriza indivíduos sem vínculo de nacionalidade com nenhum Estado. Apesar de pouco discutido, é um problema que atinge pessoas até os dias de hoje em âmbito universal. Este trabalho visa abordar o tema expondo suas principais causas e consequências, tratando as questões sobre a apatridia frente a proteção dos direitos humanos, e frisando a importância da nacionalidade, bem como os reflexos que este fenômeno traz para o indivíduo em sociedade. Sabe-se que a nacionalidade é a forma de vínculo jurídico com um Estado, portanto as pessoas reconhecidas como apátridas ou “sem pátria”, não possuem qualquer documento que as identifique. O objetivo desta tarefa após identificar as suas causas e consequências, é analisar a possibilidade de deportação das pessoas com status de apátridas do território brasileiro, visto não possuírem qualquer documento ou regularidade para permanecer no país. O método de pesquisa adotado para o artigo é o dedutivo, pois decorre de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, casos reais, Convenções e legislações, identificando algumas situações que contribuem para a ocorrência do fenômeno da apatridia, partindo de análises de leis gerais aplicadas aos casos específicos dos apátridas. Como conclusão ao tema, destacam-se as hipóteses de permanência em território nacional pela proteção aos direitos Humanos e Convenções adotadas, ou a deportação pela falta de documentos e não possuir nacionalidade brasileira.
Evaluation of vasomotor dysfunction with a reduction of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study
Authors: Shimanski D. A. , Nesterovich I. I. , Inamova O. V. , Lapin S. V. , Galkina O. V. , Levykina E. N. , Trophimov V. I. , Vlasov T. D. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, changes of vasomotor function (VF) in patients with a reduction in disease activity have not been studied enough. Objective – to study VF changes in patients with RA and a reduce in disease activity, to clarify the role of RA serological profile and the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the formation of vasomotor dysfunction.Materials and methods. A total of 94 patients took part in the study (74 – the study group, 20 – the comparison group). The longitudinal study included 48 patients with 10 days interval between visits. RA activity reduced after prescribed anti-inflammatory therapy. All patients underwent laser Doppler flowmetry with functional tests (FT) to study VF. Also, the intensity of oxidative phosphorylation (IOP), levels of rheumatoid factor, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) and antinuclear factor titer were assessed.Results. Correlations of ACCP with endothelial (EС), neurogenic (NС) and cardiac (CC) components of the amplitude-frequency spectrum were revealed. With a decrease in RA activity, an increase in CC and a decrease in the total tone of resistive vessels (TTRV) were observed. There was a tendency to improve the parameters of post-occlusive hyperemia (not statistically significant). The duration and area of the reaction after acetylcholine iontophoresis increased and IOP decreased. The presence of AH reduced EС and NС, worsened post-occlusive hyperemia, and was associated with the presence of factors for RA unfavourable course.Conclusion. The RA activity, the level of ACCP and the presence of AH make a significant contribution to the vasomotor dysfunction. At the same time, AH can be considered as a surrogate marker of an unfavourable course of RA. Endothelium-dependent regulation of blood flow, measured in FT, and IOP are closely related to disease activity. The reduce of RA activity was accompanied by a decrease in TTRV, confirming the leading role of the vasoconstriction in formation the ED pattern, the severity of ED will predominantly depend on the activity of the disease.
Calcification of the aortic valve as a possible predictor of paraprosthetic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Kulikov D. I. , Zverev D. A. , Strelkov D. A. , Pishchugin A. S. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The development of paraprosthetic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with critical aortic stenosis is an actual problem, which predictors are not well understood. One of the main reasons is calcification of the aortic valve, which does not allow the aortic valve prosthesis to fully expand.Objective – to identify a possible relationship between the severity of aortic valve calcification and the degree of paraprosthetic regurgitation after TAVI.Materials and methods. The study included 23 patients with critical symptomatic aortic stenosis and high risk factors for EuroScore II and STS. The single center study is a retrospective analysis of aortic valve calcification measured by preoperative multislice computed tomography. Calcification (calcium index) of the aortic valve was quantified according to the Agatson method. Paraprosthetic regurgitation was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography according to the ACC/AHA recommendations. The observation period was 12 months. Results. There female patients predominated in the study group (n=15, 65 %). The mean value of the calcium index (CI) of the aortic valve was 5179.7±2334.1 Agatson units. Intraoperatively, half of the patients (n=12, 52 %) after implantation of aortic valve prosthesis had paraprosthetic regurgitation of more than II degree, which required postdilation. The calcium index in this group of patients was significantly higher (6088.3±2274.4, p=0.049). After implantation of an aortal valve prosthesis, paraprosthetic regurgitation of I–II degrees was observed in 16 patients (70 %) with a CI of 5902.1±2191.9, in 7 patients (30 %) with a CI of 3528.7±1537.2 paraprosthetic regurgitation was absent (p=0.021). In the postoperative period (12 months), no lethal outcomes were detected in the study group. Paraprosthetic regurgitation of I–II degrees was detected in 14 patients with a CI of 5676.6±2275, paraprosthetic regurgitation was absent in 9 patients with a CI of 4406.9±2338.3 (p=0.21).Conclusion. Patients with severe calcification of the aortic valve have an increased risk of developing significant paraprosthetic regurgitation and the use of more aggressive intervention techniques.
Distinction of experimental wounds microcirculation under local immunotherapy
Authors: Moshkin A. S. , Khalilov M. A. , Bochkarev A. B. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Changes in local microcirculation are essential in the treatment of infectious surgical diseases. Aim of the study to evaluate the features of microcirculation while comparing local treatment with aqueous dispersions of oxide nanostructures of metals, myelopide and chlorhexidine bigluconate in experimental conditions on animals.Materials and methods. Experimental modeling was performed on white Wistar rats of both sexes. 6 groups were formed: 1 – withdrawn from the experiment on the 1st day; 2 – control group without treatment; 3 – treatment with an aqueous dispersion of metal oxide nanostructures (group 1); 4 – treatment with a solution of 300 µg of myelopide per 1 ml (group 2); 5 – treatment with a solution of 600 μg of myelopide per 1 ml (group 3); 6. treatment with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05 % (group 4). The study was carried out on the 1st and 7th days of treatment, determining the number of capillaries per 0.1 mm2 of biopsy specimens. The data were processed with the determination of the mean values (M±m), 1st and 3rd quartiles [Q1-Q3], standard deviation (σ), correlation coefficient (CV, %), coefficient of Student’s.Results. On the first day, the animals had an average of 2.5±0.9 capillaries per 0.1 mm2 of wound area. On the 7th day, the lowest vascularization was in the control group 2.7±0.9 per 0.1 mm2 . The largest number of vessels was determined in the 1st observation group using aqueous dispersions of metal oxide nanostructures. The correlation coefficients were 40–56 %. On the 7th day, the values of neoangiogenesis during local immunocorrection using an aqueous solution of myelopide were similar.Conclusions. The least vascularization was noted in the control group (2.7±0.9). The greatest changes were associated with the use of aqueous dispersions of metal oxide nanostructures (3.8±1.4). The differences in the healing dynamic were associated with neoangiogenesis and the multifactorial nature of local immunocorrection.
АСПЕКТЫ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПАРОДОНТА
Authors: Капранова В.В. , Волобуева Е.В. 
Published: April 2022

Информационно-математическое моделирование значительно расширяет возможности решения целого класса задач, возникающих в практической и теоретической стоматологии. Компьютерные технологии успешно применяются на этапах диагностики, во время проведения комплекса лечебных мероприятий и в реабилитационный период.
Data-mathematical modelling significantly expands possibilities for solving the wide range of issues/problems which occur at practical and theoretical stomatology. The application of computer technologies can make a good progress at the stages of diagnostics, during remedial measure complex and rehabilitation period.
ASPECTS OF THE DEFINITION OF THE HYDROLOGICAL DOMINANT IN RUSSIAN NATURAL AREAS
Authors: Зимина Е.В. , Кукушкин И.А. 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматриваются аспекты определения роли различных гидрологических объектов в природных зонах России и сопредельных государств. Представлены принципы выявления роли элементов гидрологической сети в различных зональных условиях и обоснована закономерность изменения функций гидрологических объектов под воздействием зональных и азональных факторов формирования природных комплексов. Предложены различные варианты подготовки и организации полевых исследований, как на этапе сбора информации, так и при её анализе для составления комплексного описания какой-либо территории. Авторы статьи, используя метод «ключевого звена» в оценке роли поверхностных и подземных вод, ледников и многолетней мерзлоты, показывают взаимосвязь изменения географических условий в различных природных зонах и состояния гидрологических объектов.
The article deals with the definition of aspects of the roles of the different hydrological objects in the natural zones of Russia and the territories of neighboring states. The principles to identify the role of the elements of the hydrological network in various zonal conditions and proved the regularity of change of hydrological functions of objects under the influence of zonal and azonal factors in the formation of natural systems. Various options of preparation and the organization of field researches, both at an information phase are offered, and in its analysis for drawing up the complex description of any territory. The authors, using the «key link» in the assessment of the role of surface and groundwater, glaciers and permafrost, showing the relationship of change in the geographical conditions in the various natural areas and the state of hydrological objects.