bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents in Ethiopia: a sequential mixed-methods study
Authors: Wakjira Daniel Bekele , Habedi Debbie 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate and explore the barriers of access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among adolescents.DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was implemented with two phases. The questionnaire was created and used by five trained research assistants for the quantitative component of the study (phase I). In phase II, the qualitative component of the study included focus group discussions (FGDs) with adolescents.SettingThis study was conducted in rural areas of five secondary schools in Arsi zone, Ethiopia.ParticipantsIn both phases, 15–19 years adolescents participated in the study. For the quantitative phase, a total of 800 randomly selected adolescents responded to the questionnaire, while 24 adolescents participated during FGDs until data saturation was reached.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor outcome variables, the respondents were asked if they used any SRH services in the past 12 months. It was recorded as 0=no and 1=yes.ResultsOverall, SRH service utilisation was 208 (26.1%) among adolescents. Being aged 17–19 years (adjusted OR, AOR 3.44, 95% CI 2.15 to 5.51). Grades 11 and 12 (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.32). Lack of income (AOR 0.0.43, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.61). Ever had sexual contact (AOR 3.04 CI 95% CI 2.15 to 4.29) and being knowledgeable on SRH service (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.05) were factors associated with outcome variable. The barriers hindering access and use of SRH services were found at the facility level, provider level, community level and personal level.ConclusionThe research found a low level of SRH services access and utilisation among adolescents due to several factors. Interventions to design-specific policies and educational programmes are needed to promote healthy practices.
Assessing knowledge, attitudes and belief toward HPV vaccination of parents with children aged 9–14 years in rural communities of Northwest Cameroon: a qualitative study
Authors: Elit Lorraine , Ngalla Calvin , Afugchwi Glen Mbah , Tum Eric , Domgue Joel Fokom , Nouvet Elysée 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination is essential for the WHO cervical cancer elimination initiative. In Cameroon, HPV vaccine uptake is currently 5%. To assess the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of parents of young girls aged 9–14 years about HPV vaccines within rural communities in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.MethodsDuring January–May 2022, we conducted 45 one-on-one interviews using a semistructured interview guide in the localities of Mbingo, Njinikom and Fundong. Participants were parents of girls aged 9–14 years who speak English or Pidgin English. Healthcare workers were excluded. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti V.9. Member checking was conducted presenting our findings and getting feedback from a focus group of parents.ResultsThirty-five mothers and 10 fathers were interviewed with a mean age of 42 years. Ninety-one per cent of parents had ever been vaccinated. Seventy-seven per cent had no or only primary school education. Thirty-two parents (71.12%) had daughters who had not been vaccinated against HPV. The themes identified include: perceived effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, affective behaviour (how they feel about the vaccine), accessibility (ability to get the vaccine), intervention coherence, ethicality (including parental informed consent), opportunity cost (future potential financial implications of cancer prevention), decision-making in the home (predominantly paternalistic), self-efficacy (extent to which education initiatives were effective) and quality initiatives (use of village infrastructure including fons/qwifons, village crier, healthcare worker presenting at the njangi house, schools and churches). Member checking with 30 women from two other communities confirmed our findings.ConclusionsLack of awareness concerning the availability and purpose of the HPV vaccination was prevalent. Use of mainstream media and top-down health education activities are not effective. Novel approaches should engage local community health workers and use established community social and leadership structures.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05325138).
The formation of phase transitions in CuNiS under the influence of gamma irradiation
Authors: Damirov G. M. 
Published: November 2022

The concentrations of forming defects during phase transitions (PTs) and elastic coefficients in the [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S compound were determined based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) data [Formula: see text]. The sample was studied under the influence of [Formula: see text] irradiation (at a dose of 25 Mrad) and it was shown that the [Formula: see text] curves coincide each other before and after irradiation. It was established that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] modifications are commensurate when heating the sample. A certain number of defects in S atoms at lattice sites and defects in Cu atoms (also Ni atoms) in interstitial sites of the sublattice are some of the causes of lattice rearrangement.
Hopping thermopower in FEGA3
Authors: Kajikawa Yasutomo 
Published: November 2022

A narrow-gap semiconductor FeGa3 has attracted much interest for its unusual physical properties, in particular, for its colossal thermopower at low temperatures for which the origin has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the temperature-dependence data of the conductivity, the Hall coefficient, and the Seebeck coefficient on FeGa3 samples reported by Wagner-Reetz et al. [Phys. Rev. B 90, 195206 (2014)] have been analyzed with including the effects of impurity Hubbard bands. As a result, it is shown that, contrary to the claim by Wagner-Reetz et al., the large negative peak of the Seebeck coefficient is not due to the phonon-drag effect but due to hopping conduction in the impurity Hubbard bands. The significant effect of nonpolar-optical-phonon scattering on free-electron conduction is also pointed out.
Chemical reaction, Soret and Dufour impacts on magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer Casson fluid over an exponentially permeable stretching surface with slip effects
Authors: Goud B. Shankar , Reddy Y. Dharmendar , Asogwa Kanayo Kenneth 
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the impacts of velocity, temperature, and solutal slip on the mass and heat transfer characterization of MHD mixed convection Casson fluid flow along an exponential permeable stretching surface with chemical reaction, Dufour and Soret effects. The Casson fluid is supposed to flow across an exponentially stretched sheet, together with the exponential temperature and concentration fluctuations of the fluid. As governing equations, the momentum, energy and species concentration equations are constructed and represented as PDEs. Following that, these equations were converted via the similarity transformation into ODEs. Finally, the ODEs are numerically solved using the Keller-box method with MATLAB software’s algorithm. Expressions are produced for the fluid flow, temperature and concentration gradients. We also determined the physical variables from which the friction factor, rate of mass and heat transfer are attained for engineering purposes. Using graphs and tables, the impacts of altered physical characteristics on flow amounts are explored. The consistency and validity of our outcomes revealed a significant degree of agreement when comparing them to previously published studies. The findings reveal that raising the Soret and Dufour parameter enhances the velocity profile at the wall, but the converse is true for increasing the velocity slip factor.
Abstract A007: Pancreatic cancer comprises co-existing transcriptional states regulated by distinct master regulator programs
Authors: Laise Pasquale , Turunen Mikko , Maurer Hans Carlo , Garcia Alvaro Curiel , Elyada Ela , Schmierer Bernhard , Tomassoni Lorenzo , Worley Jeremy , Alvarez Mariano J. , Kesner Jordan , Tan Xiangtian , Tagore Somnath , Fernandez Ester Calvo , Wong Kelly , Wang Alexander L. E. , Ge Sabrina , Iuga Alina C. , Griffin Aaron T. , Wong Winston , Manji Gulam A. , Notta Faiyaz , Tuveson David A. , Olive Kenneth P. P. , Califano Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, reproducible assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) heterogeneity and plasticity at the single cell level remains elusive. Systematic, network-based analysis of single cell RNA-seq profiles showed that most PDA tumors comprise three coexisting lineages whose aberrant transcriptional state is mechanistically controlled by distinct regulatory programs. These lineages were characterized by the aberrant activation of either gastrointestinal lineage markers (GLS), transcriptional effectors of morphogen pathways (MOS) and acinar to ductal metaplasia markers (ALS). Each lineage was characterized by cells in two different cell states determined by the differential activation of MEK signaling (M+/M-) and high cellular plasticity. These states were confirmed in multiple cohorts, cell lines, PDX models and harmonized with bulk profile analyses. Master regulators (MRs) of GLS and MOS state were predictive of patient’s survival in bulk profiles. Cross-state plasticity was confirmed by lineage tracing assays, while pooled CRISPR/Cas9 assays confirmed the essentiality of identified MR proteins. Finally, mechanistic MR-mediated cell state control was confirmed by MR expression-mediated reprogramming of MOS cells to a GLS state. Our work provided a mechanistic model of pancreatic cancer heterogeneity and testable hypothesis to target cell state-specific pancreatic cancer dependencies.
Citation Format: Pasquale Laise, Mikko Turunen, Hans Carlo Maurer, Alvaro Curiel Garcia, Ela Elyada, Bernhard Schmierer, Lorenzo Tomassoni, Jeremy Worley, Mariano J. Alvarez, Jordan Kesner, Xiangtian Tan, Somnath Tagore, Ester Calvo Fernandez, Kelly Wong, Alexander L. E. Wang, Sabrina Ge, Alina C. Iuga, Aaron T. Griffin, Winston Wong, Gulam A. Manji, Faiyaz Notta, David A. Tuveson, Kenneth P. P. Olive, Andrea Califano. Pancreatic cancer comprises co-existing transcriptional states regulated by distinct master regulator programs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A007.
Abstract A010: Persister cell phenotypes contribute to poor patient outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in PDAC
Authors: Zhou Xu , Kurilov Roma , Neoptolemos John P. , Brors Benedikt , Hu Kai , Peccerella Teresa , An Jing-Yu , Roessler Stephanie , Pfütze Katrin , Schulz Angela , Wolf Stephan , Hohmann Nicolas , Heger Ulrike , Strobel Oliver , Barry Simon T , Springfeld Christoph , Tjaden Christine , Bergmann Frank , Büchler Markus , Hackert Thilo , Fortunato Franco , Bailey Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor cells is largely unknown with resistance to therapy remaining a significant challenge. We analyzed 171 chemo-naïve and post-chemotherapy resected patient samples (chemoradiotherapy excluded) using RNAseq and multiplexed immunofluorescence. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy enriched for distinct neoplastic persister phenotypes expressing Classical and Basal-like biomarkers GATA6 and KRT17. The enrichment of GATA6HiClassical-like and KRT17Hi Basal-like cells in post-chemotherapy patient samples was associated with poor survival after mFOLFIRINOX, but not gemcitabine. CYP3A subfamily enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) were expressed in GATA6Hi and KRT17Hi persister cells and can degrade mFOLFIRINOX constituent irinotecan. Taken together these data support a model in which pre-existing subpopulations of GATA6Hi (Classical) and/or KRT17Hi (Basal) neoplastic cells emerge after mFOLFIRINOX treatment by expressing CYP3A. The identification of CYP3A-enabled persister cell phenotypes is an important step in the design of effective therapies to overcome drug-tolerance and prevent recurrence after neoadjuvant therapy.
Citation Format: Xu Zhou, Roma Kurilov, John P. Neoptolemos, Benedikt Brors, Kai Hu, Teresa Peccerella, Jing-Yu An, Stephanie Roessler, Katrin Pfütze, Angela Schulz, Stephan Wolf, Nicolas Hohmann, Ulrike Heger, Oliver Strobel, Simon T Barry, Christoph Springfeld, Christine Tjaden, Frank Bergmann, Markus Büchler, Thilo Hackert, Franco Fortunato, Peter Bailey. Persister cell phenotypes contribute to poor patient outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in PDAC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A010.
Abstract A039: Beta-sheet richness of extracellular vesicles for pancreatic cancer screening
Authors: Rasuleva Komila , Sun Dali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients predominantly present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, which is the reason for its high mortality. A noninvasive fast-screening method to detect asymptomatic early-stage disease is an unmet need. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) bearing information from parental cells were believed to be a good candidate for noninvasive diagnosis biomarkers. Many pancreatic cancer diagnostic assays use only a single cancer-associated marker/signature, which are either subtype-specific or could be easily masked by high background signals. The purpose of this research is to develop a fast method of noninvasive diagnosis biomarkers for pancreatic cancer screening as collective attribute by analyzing the secondary structure of the EV proteins using circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and fluorescent staining. We developed a high-throughput noninvasive assay by using the β-sheet richness (BR) of the tumor-derived EVs as a target in order to recognize EVs originating from malignant and nonmalignant cells. Extracellular vesicles bearing information from parental cells, play important roles in cell−cell signaling, immune response, and metastasis. We were able to indicate that pancreatic cancer EV proteins were more β-sheet-rich than their healthy counterparts. A fast method assay was developed that combines immunoprecipitation (IP) and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescent dye, termed as EvIPThT, that binds directly to β-sheet-rich proteins into EVs. This assay readout of a review pilot companion showed adequate biased power contrasting samples from cancer cases, disease controls and healthy controls. This method appeared to be the simple, inexpensive, low sample, less time consuming, high-throughput, and automatable, since no β-sheet richness change was observed in the treated and nontreated cells, EvIPThT assay shows promising results as a pancreatic cancer screening assay, filling the translational gaps left by current EV detection methods.
Citation Format: Komila Rasuleva, Dali Sun. Beta-sheet richness of extracellular vesicles for pancreatic cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A039.
Abstract A076: Somatic deletion of Tert inhibits clonal expansion of pancreatic acinar cell stem cells
Authors: Neuhöfer Patrick , Kim Stewart J. , Charville Gregory W. , Artandi Steven E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tert-expressing cells have been identified within the acinar cell compartment of the pancreas in mice. Lineage tracing experiments indicate that these cells can maintain the exocrine compartment during homeostasis and repopulate the tissue during regeneration. Additional expression of mutant Kras in Tert-expressing acinar cells accelerates acinar clone formation and causes transdifferentiation to pre-invasive pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms after injury. Here, using a genetic approach, we generated mice where tamoxifen injection leads to simultaneous deletion of TERT in Tert-expressing cells and activation of a reporter allele. We performed lineage tracing experiments to investigate the role of TERT in those cells. We studied the effect of acute deletion of TERT during homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Acute deletion of TERT significantly inhibited the clone forming capability of Tert-expressing cells during homeostasis in pancreas after one year. To explore the requirement for TERT in an injury setting, we treated mice with cerulein to induce pancreatitis. Somatic inactivagion of TERT in Tert-expressing acinar stem cells impaired clone formation in mice treated with cerulein. To understand if loss of TERT affected transformation, we deleted TERT in acinar stem cells while specifically expressing activated Kras in these cells. Acute deletion of TERT in the presence of a mutant KrasG12D allele decreased the formation of metaplastic areas and PanIN lesions post-injury. These data suggest that a functional allele of Tert is necessary for the clone forming ability of Tert-expressing cells during homeostasis and regeneration as well as acinar to ductal metaplasia and PanIN formation in tumorigenesis.
Citation Format: Patrick Neuhöfer, Stewart J. Kim, Gregory W. Charville, Steven E. Artandi. Somatic deletion of Tert inhibits clonal expansion of pancreatic acinar cell stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A076.
Abstract B005: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pancreatic cancer: An analysis of blood biomarker PheT as an exposure identifier
Authors: Nguyen Sierra , Carlson Heather , Yoder Andrea , Bamlet William R. , Oberg Ann L. , Peterson Gloria M. , Hecht Steven , Jansen Rick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a byproduct of incomplete combustion, and its effects on the development of cancer needs further evaluation. Recent studies have analyzed the relationship between PAHs and tobacco or dietary intake in the form of processed foods and smoked/well-done meats. This study aims to assess the association of a blood biomarker and metabolite of PAHs, r-1-,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), selected metabolism SNPs, and pancreatic cancer. Demographics, food-frequency data, SNPs, treatment history and levels of PheT in plasma were collected from 400 participants (202 cases and 198 control) and evaluated based on pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis. A two-stage analysis was completed to identify 1) SNPs that were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer and 2) Dietary intake and PheT variables significantly associated with pancreatic cancer. A univariate analysis for variables with OR≠1 and p-value &lt; 0.05 suggests significant relationship with pancreatic cancer and were carried forward to a multiple regression model for either food items or SNPs. Backward stepwise selection was used to eliminate non-significant variables. A collection of 5 SNPs were observed to form several of the most significant (adjusted p-value &lt;0.05) interaction pairs across different SNP models. These were rs566979 (gene: CAT), rs28540420 (gene: PTGER4), rs12029406 (gene: none), rs730368 (gene: PTGER4), and rs3181077 (gene: CCR1). A final multiple regression model combined the significant food items and SNPs. Final significant factors associated with pancreatic cancer after backward selection included: Type 2 Diabetes [7.66 (3.46, 17.76)], corrected percent recovered version of the PAH (cPheT) [1.03 (1.02, 1.05)], very well done red meat [0.90 (0.84, 0.96)], recessive(rs12203582) [3.58 (1.50, 8.83)], recessive(rs56679) [0.25 (0.06, 0.80)], overdominant(rs3784605) [3.42 (1.81, 6.66)], overdominant(rs721430) [0.42 (0.21, 0.83)]. Of note by design, the level of smoking did not differ between our cases and controls. This study provides evidence that a metabolite PheT could be a biomarker of pancreatic cancer independent of dietary intake, smoking, and select metabolism SNPs.
Citation Format: Sierra Nguyen, Heather Carlson, Andrea Yoder, William R. Bamlet, Ann L. Oberg, Gloria M. Peterson, Steven Hecht, Rick Jansen. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pancreatic cancer: An analysis of blood biomarker PheT as an exposure identifier [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B005.
Abstract B012: Differential stress responses drive asparagine exchange in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Anaraki Cecily , Thurston Galloway , Steele Nina G. , Kerk Samuel A. , Hong Hanna , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Andren Anthony , Felton Catherine , Beutel Alica , Singh Rima , Christofk Heather R. , Viale Andrea , Crawford Howard , di Magliano Marina Pasca , Jorgensen Claus , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Halbrook Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, contrasting a relatively low incidence rate. A principal barrier to the treatment of pancreatic cancer is the densely fibrotic tumor microenvironment and the high interstitial pressure which acts to collapse blood vessels, impairing the delivery of chemotherapy. This lack of functional vasculature limits nutrient availability within the tumor, causing cancer cells to develop numerous metabolic adaptations to allow for proliferation in hypoxic, austere conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated several clonal behaviors of cancer cells within individual pancreatic tumors, although it is unclear if this is true of metabolism. Exploring this, we found the metabolic profiles and sensitivities of a series of clonal cell lines derived from a single pancreatic tumor clustered into two distinct groups. These groups demonstrated differential sensitivities to inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism; whereby the growth of the sensitive clones during impaired respiration can be rescued through co-culture with the insensitive cells. Profiling metabolites exchanged by the clonal populations, we identified this is mediated by asparagine released by insensitive cells. Mechanistically, the production of asparagine is driven by differential stress response pathway activation between clones. We further determined that exogenous asparagine supports the growth of both cancer and non-cancerous cells during limited respiration. Conversely, we found that the use of asparaginase to degrade asparagine sensitizes PDA tumors to mitochondrial inhibition. Collectively these data demonstrate distinct metabolic classes of cancer cells within single tumors and identify asparagine as a potential target to sensitize tumors to mitochondrial inhibition.
Citation Format: Cecily Anaraki, Galloway Thurston, Nina G. Steele, Samuel A. Kerk, Hanna Hong, Peter Sajjakulnukit, Anthony Andren, Catherine Felton, Alica Beutel, Rima Singh, Heather R. Christofk, Andrea Viale, Howard Crawford, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Claus Jorgensen, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Christopher J. Halbrook. Differential stress responses drive asparagine exchange in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B012.