bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition control and selective infrared radiative properties of copper alloy oxides by DC reactive sputtering
Authors: Li Yongqing , Wang Qun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to identify new selective infrared radiative materials, Cu80Ni15Ag5 and Cu70Ni25Ag5 oxides were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering under atmosphere with different ratio of argon to oxygen. The composition of the copper alloy oxides was analyzed by XRD, XPS and Raman. When the ratio of argon to oxygen was 50:2, the alloy oxide is amorphous, whereas the alloy oxide prepared at the ratio of argon to oxygen from 50:4 to 50:10 is Cu4O3. The doping of Ni and Ag may impede CuO phase formation, deteriorate the crystallinity, and increase the defects. The emissivity measurement results show that Cu70Ni25Ag5 oxides prepared at the ratio of argon to oxygen of 50:10 have good selective infrared radiative properties, and the emissivity difference is more than 0.8 between 3μm band and 8-14μm band.
Binary system modelling: The determination of stellar physical quantities in a double-lined spectroscopic system
Authors: Qi Wenzhao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mass and size of a star are essential characteristics in astronomical measurement. This paper presents the investigation of two components of a binary system through the analysis of the BH Virginis system. The stellar masses and size can also be obtained by establishing a best-fit binary model with actual data and determining the corresponding stellar parameters using the Nightfall program. The results obtained for the primary star include mass (1.095±0.060 M⊙), mean radius (1.156±0.084 R⊙) and luminosity (1.462±0.11 L⊙). For secondary stars, the results obtained are mass (1.205±0.060 M⊙), mean radius (0.867±0.072 R⊙) and luminosity (0.940±0.08 L⊙). It demonstrates the basic properties of the binary system and gives a general idea of obtaining a relatively precise result based on an eclipsing spectroscopic method.
Impact of Hot-Carrier Degradation Due to Moisture Diffusion Based on 0.153um CMOS
Authors: Lin Zhengyu , Wang Dejin , Yang Fei , Zhou Yaohui , Sun Xiaofeng , Wen Haoyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study aims to investigate enhanced hot-carrier-induced degradation of MOSFETs due to moisture diffusion from inter-metal oxides. By studying different split of back-end in details, it is confirmed the impact of hot-carrier-induced degradation due to moisture diffusion under different conditions. Analyzing how much current drops after 10K times of programming and erasing verifies the cause of device degradation. Experimental results indicate that HDP thickness reduction, alloy after HDP, deposition of SRO layer before HDP and material of TEOS can efficiently enhance hot-carrier-induced degradation. According to the experimental results, the influence of moisture diffusion has been clarified, providing directions for enhancing the hot-carrier-induced degradation of MOSFETs, and providing relevant experience for subsequent product development.
Hybrid RANS/LES/DNS of turbulence flow along a flat plate
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Cai Runhua , Shi Lidan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, direct numerical simulation (DNS), Large-eddy simulation (LES), and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) are the three most mature Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) used methods for turbulence simulations. The calculation accuracy and difficulty of these three models are decreased in order. For the sale of finding a balance between the accuracy of the results and the efficiency, we tried to combine these three models. In this paper, for an adiabatic and incompressible flow, we use DNS, LES, and RANS at first. After analyzing their results, a time-space relationship is obtained. First, for a fixed time point, the flow field is divided into three parts by the distance from the wall. Secondly, a long-term simulation is performed to obtain a general partition, and ensure that the models used in each zone are both efficient and economical. We use DNS results as the standard, with an error within 5% as the partition basis. According to the results, the calculation accuracy after hybridization reaches 99% of using DNS alone. Besides, the amount of calculation required is only 59% of using DNS alone, which is smaller than DNS. On this basis, we can achieve our goal based on the hybrid method. Meanwhile, it is also aware that our method is still needed to be improved, where we will gradually make this method in future work. These results shed light on a new hybrid method.
The interface trap analysis of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with temperature based on conductance method
Authors: Liang Yongfeng , Zhang Heqiu , Chen Huanhuan , Xing He , Cai Tao , Ye Yufan , Liang Hongwei , Xia Xiaochuan , Guo Wengping , Xu Nanfa , Xi Qingnan , Liang Xiaohua , Huang Huishi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were tested and analyzed at high temperature. The experimental temperature range was 25~500°C. Frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance were adopted to investigate high temperature characteristics of interface trap. Results show that there is a kind of trap at the device interface. The trap density and time constant are (8.41×1010~1.40×1011)eV-1cm2/(0.398~0.636)μS and (1..03×1011~1.15×1011)eV-1cm2/(0.455~0.532)μS at different voltages and temperatures. With the increase of temperature, the trap density and time constant increase. High density interface traps are one of the reasons why device characteristics deteriorate with increasing temperature.
Study QGP through the Correlation Function with Pb-Pb Collisions at

SNN=2.76TeV
Authors: Lin Jie-ming , Chen Yi-jie , Li Jun-hao , Liu Xiao-chen , Liu Zi-han 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on repeating and verifying the predecessor’s work. We briefly describe our dataset from CMS and then provide information about the Glauber Model built with python. Then, the correlation function of our data and different orders of its Fourier decomposition are presented to verify the former discussion. With the correlation function, we will show the fluctuation of the directed and elliptic flow caused by the non-flow, which comes from the intractable strong interaction during the evolution of the QGP. Based on the assumption that the non-flow contribution is ignorable in large relative pseudorapidity interval, (|Δη|), we separate the non-flow contribution from the elliptic flow. Finally, we provide a detailed derivation of the Fourier decomposition of correlation and discuss their physical meaning, absent in general paperwork.
A Brillouin scattering-based fast temperature measurement method for ADSS of distribution IoT in electricity
Authors: Yang Qingsheng , Chen Zhiming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to decrease time of temperature measurement for optical fiber in ADSS (all-dielectric self-supporting cable) of distribution IoT (Internet of Things) in electricity, the slope-assisted method is applied to its temperature demodulation. According to the introduction of the Brillouin scattering-based optical fiber temperature measurement method, the basic principle of Brillouin frequency shift measurement method based on the spectra fitting algorithm and the slope-assisted method is analyzed. Based on simulated Brillouin spectra with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the measurement time and accuracy of the spectra fitting algorithm and the slope-assisted method are compared. The results indicate that when if the SNR of Brillouin spectra is not less than 35 dB, the mean error of temperature measurement by the slope-assisted method is less than 0.5°C, which is slightly larger than the error of the spectra fitting algorithm, but the spectra measurement time is only 1/17 of that of the latter.
An External Quantum Efficiency Model Toward Photoelectric Conversion Current of Organic Phototransistors
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Fenqiang , Wang Ailing , Lan Jun , Pan Miao , Liu Hu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraditional external quantum efficiency (EQE) of organic phototransistors (OPTs) is defined as a ration of “the quantity of electrons (holes) devoting to output photocurrent” to “that of incident photons”, and is extensively used by researchers. Experiments show that the EQE values obtained thus are always much greater than 100%, surpass the limiting efficiency of photo-electrical conversion (PEC) in general circumstances, and thus can’t mirror the true PEC capacity and efficiency of OPTs. This is because there are the PEC and non-PEC currents in operating OPTs, and the non-PEC current arises from the non-PEC effects (e.g., injection barrier lowering, trap-assisted tunnelling, etc.) occurring in OPTs. In order to clarify the PEC process of OPTs and acquire the EQE value towards PEC current of OPTs, the PEC process of single organic layer OPTs is studied and an EQE model towards PEC current of them is built, and the EQE values of them are calculated by this model.
Progress in ITER ECE diagnostic design and integration
Authors: Liu Y. , Udintsev V.S. , Danani S. , Paraiso G. , Taylor G. , Austin M.E. , Basile A. , Beno J.H. , Bunkowski B. , Feder R. , Giacomin T. , Guirao J. , Houshmandyar S. , Huang H. , Hubbard A.E. , Hughes S. , Jha S. , Khodak A. , Kumar R. , Kumar S. , Kumar V. , Maquet P. , Nazare C. , Neilson H. , Ouroua A. , Pak S. , Pandya H.K.B. , Penney C. , Phillips P.E. , Pish S. , Poissy J. , Rowan W.L. , Saxena A. , Schneider M. , Strank S.M. , Thomas S. , Vayakis G. , Waelbroeck F.L. , Walsh M.J. , Worth L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ITER electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic system has primary roles in providing measurements of the core electron temperature profile and the electron temperature fluctuation associated with the neoclassical tearing modes. The ITER ECE system includes a radial and oblique line-of-sight. Four 43-meter long low-loss transmission lines (TLs) are designed to transmit millimeter wave power in the frequency range of 70–1000 GHz in both X- and O-mode polarization from the port plug to the ECE instrumentation room in the diagnostic building. The measurement instrumentation includes two Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) systems and two radiometer systems. The Indian Domestic Agency (IN-DA) and United States Domestic Agency share the responsibility. The IN-DA scope excluding instrumentation and control has passed its preliminary design review and is progressing towards the final design review (FDR). In parallel, the diagnostic integration in different areas is ongoing. Several captive components for the TLs have passed FDR and will be manufactured for installation in the tokamak building soon. A peer review meeting has been held on the prototype hot calibration source, and its integration and new thermal analysis in the diagnostic shield module are continuing. A prototype TL is being tested. A prototype polarizing Martin-Puplett type FTS, operating in the frequency range 70–1000 GHz, features an in-vacuo fast scanning mechanism and a cryo-cooled dual-channel THz detector system. Its performance has been assessed in detail against ITER requirements.
Versatile free-running ADC-based data acquisition system for particle detectors
Authors: Jokhovets L. , Kulessa P. , Erven A. , Grewing C. , Hahnraths von der Gracht T. , Harff M. , Ohm H. , Pysz K. , Ritman J. , Roth C. , Schlösser M. , Sefzick T. , Serdyuk V. , Waasen S.v. , Wintz P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A high-density and low-power (<300 mW/channel) data acquisition (DAQ) system integrating 2240 readout channels inside a single OpenVPX crate is presented. It is intended to be used in various applications, e.g. gaseous or scintillator-based particle detectors. 14 payload slots, controller and data concentrator communicate via a multi-gigabit backplane. Each payload slot consists of a front module for digital and a rear transition module for analog processing. A pair of modules implements 160 full readout chains including amplification/shaping, sampling, and feature extraction. The sampling rate and ADC resolution are configurable for 100–1000 MS/s and 14–8 bit, respectively. To extract the pulse arrival time we used a proper shaping of signals and a timing algorithm based on a non-linear rise approximation, which strongly reduces the sampling phase error, thus providing a good performance at moderate (100–250 MS/s) sampling rates. This allows raw data acquisition, arrival time extraction, energy calculation, and pile-up reconstruction for all 160 channels to be implemented in a single FPGA. It occupies less than 30% of its processing resources. The system was tested using the proton beam at COSY (Cooler Synchrotron) at Juelich Research Center (Germany). An off-detector DAQ with a 12-m long cabling was investigated. It introduces considerable additional thermal noise and crosstalk affecting the timing performance. For a sampling rate of 150 MS/s, the time resolution was found to be about 270 ps.
Double link sensor for mitigating tilt- horizontal coupling
Authors: G Nair V. , Collette C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity of inertial sensors, intended for horizontal motion detection, to tilt due to gravity at low frequency is known as tilt horizontal coupling. This is crucial for numerous seismological studies and seismic isolation applications such as gravitational wave detection. This paper presents a new sensor architecture for mitigating tilt horizontal coupling when exposed to pure translation or tilt. The proposed Double Link (DL) sensor does not need any additional mechanisms and is only sensitive to the translation and negligibly sensitive to tilt. The sensor is in the form of a double pendulum hanging from a platform and the measured output is the relative motion between the two links. The simulations are carried out in Simscape environment and the results confirms the efficiency of the system. The study was carried out as a part of the ETEST project which is aimed at developing a prototype for the future Einstein Telescope Gravitational Wave detector.
Fluid-structure interaction of bio-inspired flexible slender structures: a review of selected topics
Authors: Wang Chenglei , Tang Hui , Zhang Xing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flexible slender structures are ubiquitous in biological systems and engineering applications. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) plays a key role in the dynamics of such structures immersed in fluids. Here, we survey recent studies on highly simplified bio-inspired models (either mathematical or mechanical) that aim to revealthe flow physics associated with FSI. Various models from different sources of biological inspiration are included, namely flexible flapping foil inspired by fish and insects, deformable membrane inspired by jellyfish and cephalopods, beating filaments inspired by flagella and cilia of microorganisms, and flexible wall-mounted filaments inspired by terrestrial and aquatic plants. Suggestions on directions for future research are also provided.
On the robust autorotation of a samara-inspired rotor in gusty environments
Authors: El Makdah Adnan M , Zhang Kai , Rival David E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Autorotating samaras have evolved to propagate successfully to their germination sites with the help of wind. This wind, in turn, is inherently unsteady across an extensive range of scales in the atmospheric boundary layer. To generate lift, samaras rely on the formation of a stably-attached leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the suction side of their wings. The kinematics of autorotating samaras experiencing gusts were examined experimentally in order to provide insights into the aerodynamic mechanisms responsible for successful propagation. The gust response of seven mature Boxelder Maple (Acer negundo) samaras was investigated using a small unsteady wind tunnel able to create vertical gusts. Interestingly, the samaras were found to have a stable tip-speed ratio (λ) during the gust phase, thus suggesting that the LEV remained stably-attached. Inspired by samaras, we designed a three-bladed rotor that incorporates key aerodynamic and geometric properties of samaras so as to exhibit a stably-attached LEV. The gust response of the samara-inspired rotor was examined using a towing-tank facility. The gust was emulated in the towing tank by accelerating the rotor from an initial steady speed to a final steady speed. Different gust intensities were tested by varying the rotor’s normalized inertia number (I*) by systematically increasing the rotor moment of inertia (I). Similar to the natural samaras, the rotor exhibited a robust tip-speed ratio during all simulated gusts. The rotor’s tip-speed ratio increased by a maximum of 11% and 6% during the slowest and fastest simulated gusts, respectively. By maintaining a stable tip-speed ratio during the gust, the samara-inspired rotor is thought to maintain stable LEVs resulting in stable autorotation. Therefore, by learning from the samara-inspired rotor, we suggest that samaras propagate successfully from their parent trees in unsteady (realistic) environments in part due to their robust autorotation properties.
MSC-derived sEV-loaded hyaluronan hydrogel promotes scarless skin healing by immunomodulation in a large skin wound model
Authors: Yang Sen , Jiang Huan , Qian Meng , Ji Guangbo , Wei Yongzhen , He Ju , Tian Hongyan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Designing hydrogel-based constructs capable of adjusting immune cell functions holds promise for skin tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic effects. Herein, we constructed a biofunctional hydrogel in which MSC-derived sEVs were incorporated into the injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel, thus endowing the hydrogel with immunomodulatory effects. When implanted onto the wound site in a mouse large skin injury model, this functional hydrogel facilitates wound healing and inhibits scar tissue formation by driving macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic (M2c) phenotype. Further investigation showed that the M2c-like phenotype induced by MSC-derived sEVs markedly inhibited the activation of fibroblasts, which could result in scarless skin wound healing. Taken together, these results suggest that modulation of the immune response is a promising and efficient approach to prevent fibrotic scar formation.
Topological aspects of the critical three-state Potts model
Authors: Vanhove Robijn , Lootens Laurens , Tu Hong-Hao , Verstraete Frank 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore the topological defects of the critical three-state Potts spin system on the torus, Klein bottle and cylinder. A complete characterization is obtained by breaking down the Fuchs–Runkel–Schweigert construction of 2D rational CFT to the lattice setting. This is done by applying the strange correlator prescription to the recently obtained tensor network descriptions of string-net ground states in terms of bimodule categories (Lootens et al 2021 SciPost Phys.
10 053). The symmetries are represented by matrix product operators (MPO), as well as intertwiners between the diagonal tetracritical Ising model and the non-diagonal three-state Potts model. Our categorical construction lifts the global transfer matrix symmetries and intertwiners, previously obtained by solving Yang–Baxter equations, to MPO symmetries and intertwiners that can be locally deformed, fused and split. This enables the extraction of conformal characters from partition functions and yields a comprehensive picture of all boundary conditions.
Some aspects of Skyrme–Chern–Simons densities
Authors: Tchrakian D H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gauge transformation properties of the Skyrme–Chern–Simons (SCS) densities is studied. Two types of SCS actions are identified, typeI in which the gauge group is smaller than the largest possible one, and typeII which are gauged with the largest allowed gauge group. TypeI SCS feature only one power of the gauge connection and no curvature, while typeII feature both the gauge connection and the curvature. The abelian typeI SCS turn out to be explicitly gauge invariant while non-abelian typeI and all typeII SCS are gauge invariant only up to a total divergence term, and hence lead to gauge covariant equations of motion. SCS actions are the gauged Skyrmion analogues of the usual Chern–Simons (CS) actions, except that unlike the CS which are defined only in odd dimensions, the SCS are defined also in even dimensions. Some areas of application in the construction of solitons are pointed out.
Fluorescent cysteine probe based on a signal amplification unit, a catalyzed hairpin assembly reaction and Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Ouiganon Sirirat , Thammakhet-Buranachai Chongdee , Thavarungkul Panote , Kanatharana Proespichaya , Buranachai Chittanon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work developed a sensitive DNA-based fluorescent probe comprising a cysteine binding unit and a signal amplification unit based on a catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction. The cysteine binding unit comprises a homodimer of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) rich in cytosine and held together by silver ions. In the presence of cysteine, the homodimer is disintegrated because of cysteine-silver binding that liberates the ssDNA, which drives the CHA reaction in the signal amplification unit. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to report the generation of the amplified double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) product. Under the optimal conditions, the probe provided a good linearity (100–1200 nM), a good detection limit (47.8 ± 2.7 nM) and quantification limit (159.3 ± 5.3 nM), and a good sensitivity (1.900 ± 0.045 μM−1). The probe was then used to detect cysteine in nine real food supplement samples. All results provided good recoveries that are acceptable by the AOAC, indicating that it has potential for practical applications.
Effect of fiber on early strength and interface stiffness of cemented tailings backfill
Authors: Jin Jiaxu , Li Chengju , Yuan Shihao , Sun Qi , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the early mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cemented tailings backfill (CTB) and discuss its modification mechanism. The effects of fiber types and addition (polypropylene fiber, basalt fiber and glass fiber) on unconfined compressive strength of CTB were studied by unconfined compressive strength test (UCS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of fiber-reinforced CTB. Based on the theory of interface mechanics and the contact mechanism of fiber interface, the evolution mechanism of fiber-reinforced CTB interface characteristic stiffness was further explored. The results show that the fiber type and content have a significant effect on the strength of CTB, and the optimum addition of fibers is 0.4%. The strength of fiber-reinforced CTB samples increased first and then decreased with the increase of fiber content. The stress of CTB sample without fibers reaches the maximum value when the strain is 1.01%, while introduction of basalt fiber increases that value to 3.74%. In addition, the microstructure characteristics show that the hydration products around the fiber make the CTB sample have better compactness, and fibers can effectively inhibit the crack development of the CTB samples. Finally, using the theory of interface mechanics, it is found that the interface stiffness of CTB sample with basalt fibers is the largest, but the interface contact stiffness increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content, which is consistent with the law of macroscopic strength change.