bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the random walk classification algorithm of polyant colony
Authors: Qiu Wenhai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the sustained and healthy development of economy, saving energy and reducing consumption and improving energy utilization rate is a major task that enterprises need to solve. With the complex and large-scale chemical process, the heat exchange network has become complex and diverse. For more and more complex and large-scale industrial heat exchange networks, there are many different kinds of heat exchangers, the flow is complex, so the heat exchange network presents a high degree of complexity, a node status change; its disturbance transfer will influence the stability of other nodes associated with it, because of the system coupling, thus affecting the controllability and reliability of the whole heat exchanger network. Process optimization design of heat exchange network is one of the main methods of energy saving in the industrial field. As a typical simulated evolutionary algorithm in swarm intelligence algorithm, ant colony algorithm combined with random walk classification algorithm, this article proposes an optimized heat transfer network based on multi-ant colony random walk classification algorithm. The heat exchanger was abstracted as a node, and the heat exchanger pipeline was abstracted as a side. According to the maximum geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix and the linear correlation row vector of the matrix, and combining the importance of the edge of the heat exchange network with the controllable range of the driving edge, the optimal control driving edge of the heat exchange network is identified. The results show that compared with the traditional heat exchanger, the size of the enhanced heat transfer equipment and the influence of pressure drop change. Compared with the results of the size of the heat exchanger strengthening heat transfer equipment and the stepwise optimization of the heat exchange network in this study, the cost of public engineering is reduced by 5.98% and the total cost is reduced by 8.83%.
Occam’s razor and Hickam’s dictum: a dermatologic perspective
Authors: Stein Hadassah , Lowenstein Eve J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diagnostic heuristics help ease the cognitive load in our day-to-day work. Occam’s razor or the rule of diagnostic parsimony is a diagnostic heuristic often applied in dermatology. Occam’s razor dictates that all things being equal, one diagnosis (as opposed to several diagnoses) should be sought to explain a patient’s presentation. While this can often be helpful, it can also obscure the full picture. Hickam’s dictum is an aphorism expressing the opposite opinion: “patients can have as many diseases as they damn (or darn) well please.” This acknowledges that multiple simultaneous processes can be at play. This article delves into the implications of use of these approaches and offers tips through cases illustrating the limitations of Occam’s razor and when Hickam’s Dictum should be invoked.
Effects of crude methanol extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on Naja nigricollis venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Elijah John Oluwamayokun , Mamman Mohammed , Sani Dahiru , Yusuf Peter Ofemile , Yusuf Hindatu , Elijah Mary Oluwatomisin , Enam Samson James , Abari John Addra , Jolayemi Kelvin Olutimilehin , Otie Dennis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated the effects of Crude Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata Fruit Pulp on Naja nigricollis Venom-Induce Toxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods

A. digitata was extracted using 70% methanol and median lethal dose (LD50) of both the extract and venom were determined using the up-and-down method. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each and were administered with normal saline, venom only, venom + antivenom, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg crude methanol extract (CME) pre-envenomation, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg CME post-envenomation, and venom + antivenom + 250 mg/kg CME, respectively. Blood samples were collected 8-h post-envenomation in EDTA and plain sample bottles. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) test was carried out on the EDTA blood samples while serum was harvested and used for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assays.

Results
LD50 of the CME and venom was >5,000 mg/kg and 0.889 mg/kg, respectively. N. nigricollis-induced oxidative stress was evident in group B through increased % haemolysis, MDA and lowered SOD activities. The groups treated with antivenom only, 250 mg/kg CME post-envenomation and antivenom +250 mg/kg CME significantly (p<0.05) reduced EOF, MDA values and increased SOD. The CME revealed better ameliorative effect than protective via inhibition of EOF, MDA values and increased SOD activity.

Conclusions
The CME when administered singly showed more ameliorative properties and the combination of CME with antivenom for protection was not as effective as when compared to single administration.
Vom Soldatenstande: Überlegungen zu einer Alltagsgeschichte von Soldaten im 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Mann Michael 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten ist dem Alltagsleben von Soldaten des 18. Jahrhunderts verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt geworden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Soldaten über ihre »Nebentätigkeiten« als Pfuscher in den Garnisonstädten oftmals in Konflikt mit den zünftisch organisierten Gewerken kamen. Es zeigte sich auch, dass verheiratete Soldaten mit ihren Frauen, die vielfach Lebensmittel verkauften oder im Textilbereich tätig waren, eine wichtige Funktion im Wirtschaftsleben einer Garnisonstadt einnahmen. Weitaus mehr als bislang angenommen, so wird hier argumentiert, waren Soldaten mit ihren Familien Bestandteil der frühneuzeitlichen urbanen Gesellschaft. Zum einen umfasste diese Personengruppe bis zur und bisweilen über die Hälfte der städtischen Bevölkerung, was unter sozialen und ökonomischen Aspekten bislang außer Acht gelassen wurde. Zum anderen waren Soldaten und ihre Frauen nicht nur Produzenten und Verteilerinnen von Waren, sondern mit ihren Familien in erheblichem Maße auch Konsumenten. Und schließlich bot sich gerade für die unverheirateten Soldaten in der Stadt durchaus die Chance zum wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Aufstieg, wenn sie in die städtische Gesellschaft einheiraten konnten.
The Effects of the “Sling Shot” Device on Bench Press Performance, Mechanical Properties of Muscle, and Movement Kinematics
Authors: Wojdała Grzegorz , Krzysztofik Michał 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wojdała, G and Krzysztofik, M. The effects of the “sling shot” device on bench press performance, mechanical properties of muscle, and movement kinematics. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the sling shot support device at various external loads and intensities of effort, taking into account acute changes in power performance, mechanical muscle properties, and bench press kinematics. For this purpose, 12 resistance-trained men (age: 27.1 ± 4.2 years, body mass: 90.3 ± 16.9 kg, bench press [BP] 1 repetition maximum [1RM]: 112.7 ± 23.1 kg) (resistance training experience: 6.9 ± 3.8 years) participated in the study. Each subject completed 2 experimental sessions that differed in the use of the sling shot (SS) or nonuse (CONT) of the SS and an appropriate external load. The 2 experimental sessions consisted of the 1RM test, 3 sets of 2 repetitions of BP with the load increased in each set (50-70-90% 1RM), and a fourth set of the BP efforts to muscle failure with a 70% 1RM load. Before and after each set, the changes in triceps brachii oscillation frequency and stiffness were assessed by means of myotonometry. Results indicated a significant main effect of the SS to increase peak power (p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.733). Furthermore, a significantly higher 1RM (129 ± 26 vs. 113 ± 23 kg, p < 0.001, effect size [ES]: 0.63), number of repetitions (15 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 2, p = 0.013, ES: 0.76), and time under tension (34 ± 10 vs. 29 ± 6 seconds, p = 0.017, ES: 0.59) were found during the set to failure for SS in comparison to the CONT condition. Moreover, there was a significant main effect of time to increase oscillation frequency (p = 0.001; η2 = 0.666) and stiffness (p = 0.002; η2 = 0.613) from pre- to postset measure. In addition, the main effect of the side (p = 0.034; η2 = 0.348) was reported to show higher stiffness on the dominant than on the nondominant side in the CONT condition. The results suggest that an independent 1RM measurement and a correspondingly higher workload are required to take full advantage of the SS device. Moreover, the SS can also be used successfully to increase training volume and the involvement of nondominant limbs during a bench press.
Preferential Modulatory Action of 5-HT2AReceptors on the Dynamic Regulation of Basal Ganglia Circuits
Authors: Guilhemsang Lise , Gutierrez-Ceballos Amaia , Antonazzo Mario , Mallet Nicolas P. , Ugedo Luisa , Morera-Herreras Teresa 
Published: November 2022

In rodents, cortical information is transferred to thesubstantia nigra pars reticulata(SNr) through motor and medial prefrontal (mPF) basal ganglia (BG) circuits implicated in motor and cognitive/motivational behaviors, respectively. The serotonergic 5-HT2Areceptors are located in both of these neuronal networks, displaying topographical differences with a high expression in the associative/limbic territories, and a very low expression in the subthalamic nucleus. This study investigated whether the stimulation of 5-HT2Areceptors could have a specific signature on the dynamic regulation of BG circuits, preferentially modulating the mPF information processing through trans-striatal pathways. We performedin vivosingle-unit extracellular recordings to assess the effect of the 5-HT2Aagonist TCB-2 on the spontaneous and cortically evoked activity of lateral and medial SNr neurons in male rats (involved in motor and mPF circuits, respectively). TCB-2 (50–200 µg/kg, i.v.) increased the basal firing rate and enhanced the cortically evoked inhibitory response of medial SNr neurons (transmission through the direct striato-nigral pathway). A prior administration of the preferential 5-HT2Areceptor antagonist MDL11939 (200 µg/kg, i.v.) did not modify any electrophysiological parameter, but occluded TCB-2-induced effects. In animals treated with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor pCPA (4-chloro-dl-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride), TCB-2 failed to induce the above-mentioned effects, thus suggesting the contribution of endogenous 5-HT. However, the mobilization of 5-HT induced by the acute administration of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not mimic the effects triggered by TCB-2. Overall, these data suggest that 5-HT2Areceptors have a preferential modulatory action on the dynamic regulation of BG circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotor and medial prefrontal (mPF) basal ganglia (BG) circuits play an important role in integrative brain functions like movement control or cognitive/motivational behavior, respectively. Although these neuronal networks express 5-HT2Areceptors, the expression is higher in associative/limbic structures than in the motor ones. We show a topographical-dependent dissociation in the effects triggered by the 5HT2Aagonist TCB-2, which specifically increases the medialsubstantia nigra pars reticulataneuron activity and has a preferential action on mPF information processing through the striato-nigral direct pathway. These are very likely to be 5-HT2Areceptor-mediated effects that require mobilization of the endogenous 5-HT system. These findings provide evidence about the specific signature of 5-HT2Areceptors on the dynamic regulation of BG circuits.
Propuesta estratégica de desarrollo rural en condiciones de área metropolitana
Authors: Esteban Acevedo Angélica , Mosquera Téllez Jemay 
Published: November 2022

En el contexto del Área Metropolitana de Cúcuta, el municipio de San Cayetano adolece de un instrumento de planificación intermedia que potencialice el desarrollo del suelo rural y permita definir redes de infraestructura en el marco de la estructura ecológica principal y de las actividades productivas del territorio. Por lo tanto, se procedió a aplicar un enfoque metodológico complementario, de carácter cuantitativo con apoyo cualitativo y basado en una estructura hermenéutica a partir del cual se identifican las bases teóricas, conceptuales y normativas del desarrollo rural, a partir del cual se obtienen elementos estructurales del diagnóstico físico y se formulan espacios clave para la intervención del territorio, basados en una estrategia de ocupación territorial representada en una unidad de planificación rural intermedia, orientada a generar un desarrollo rural integral.
Compra por comercio electrónico de alimentos en Costa Rica durante el COVID-19
Authors: Villalobos Monge Alexis 
Published: November 2022

Introducción. La influencia del comercio electrónico (CE) sobre las decisiones de las personas en la compra de alimentos, ha sido relevante durante la pandemia por COVID-19. En Costa Rica no se dispone de información sobre la forma en que este medio ha modificado las conductas de compra y consumo de alimentos en las familias costarricenses durante esta emergencia sanitaria. Objetivo. Analizar cambios en los patrones de compra y consumo de alimentos de los costarricenses que fueron influenciados durante la pandemia por el CE. Materiales y métodos. En junio de 2021 se ejecutó una encuesta en línea con la metodología de bola de nieve en diferentes grupos de redes sociales de Costa Rica. Se utilizó modelación por ecuaciones estructurales para establecer las causas asociadas con variables endógenas (confianza, conveniencia, impulsos hedónicos) y exógenas (nivel socioeconómico, decisiones de compra por COVID-19) que delinearon los cambios en los hábitos de compra. Se revisaron los estímulos generados desde CE que influyeron sobre estas decisiones de compra según el grupo específico de alimentos. Resultados. Se encontró una fuerte causalidad desde la variable latente conveniencia (β=0,89; p<0,01), para la compra de alimentos por CE, además de poco impacto (β=-0,35; p<0,01) en los hábitos de consumo de alimentos, generado por las medidas definidas para atender la pandemia. Las medidas sanitarias decretadas por las autoridades evidenciaron causalidad en la respuesta general del consumidor de alimentos por CE (NORM_1<0,8; p<0,01), la cual fue baja si se compara su valor estimado con otros motivadores en las decisiones de compra como la conveniencia por las mejoras en la calidad de vida (CO1≅0,8; p<0,01), o incluso la confianza por el compromiso de calidad ofrecido por el sitio web (CF3≅0,6; p<0,01). Conclusiones. La pandemia promovió una mejor percepción del consumidor respecto a situaciones ventajosas de emplear CE para realizar la compra de alimentos.
ESTIMASI PANAS GAMMA PADA PRODUKSI RADIOISOTOP Lu-177, Ir-192, DAN Au-198 DI TERAS MOLIBDENUM RSG-GAS
Authors: Riskiana Dewi Nur , Rohanda Anis , Abdullatif R Farzand 
Published: November 2022

ESTIMASI PANAS GAMMA PADA PRODUKSI RADIOISOTOP Lu-177, Ir-192, DAN Au-198 DI TERAS MOLIBDENUM RSG-GAS. Panas gamma (Gamma heating) merupakan isu penting terkait keselamatan fasilitas iradiasi suatu reaktor dan sampel iradiasinya. Panas gamma dihasilkan dari interaksi energi gamma dengan material target. Energi gamma yang dihasilkan dari reaktor memiliki karakteristik energi gamma yang berbeda yang salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahan bakar (jenis teras). Uranium molibdenum (UMo) merupakan bahan bakar masa depan yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan uranium oksida (UO2) dan silisida (USi) salah satunya dapat meningkatkan operasi reaktor. Untuk itu dilakukan studi komputasi panas gamma RSG-GAS dengan bahan bakar UMo pada beberapa proses produksi radioisotop seperti radioisotop Lu-177, Ir-192, dan Au-198. Penelitian ini menggunakan code ORIGEN untuk menghitung energi gamma yang dihasilkan untuk jenis bahan bakar UMo. Estimasi panas gamma menggunakan program Gamset, suatu program didesain dan sudah teruji untuk menghitung panas gamma di RSG-GAS. Hasil perhitungan panas gamma berbahan bakar UMo di RSG-GAS dalam kisaran 4,85 W/g ~ 8,69 W/g . Hasil ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan panas gamma pada uranium silisida (USi) yaitu sekitar 9,27 W/g ~ 13,3 W/g. Radioisotop Lu-177 memiliki panas gamma terbesar sekitar 8,69 W/g, yang diikuti oleh Au-198 dan Ir-192 yang masing-masing sebesar 5,89 W/g dan 7,12 W/g. Panas gamma pada ketiga radioisotop yang diproduksi oleh RSG-GAS berbahan bakar UMo tidak melebihi panas gamma maksimum (20 W/g) yang telah ditentukan sehingga dapat diartikan aman untuk reaktor dan sampel.Kata kunci: Panas gamma, UMo, RSG-GAS, radioisotop
STUDY OF FISSION GAS BUBBLES AND INTERACTION LAYER ON IRRADIATED U3Si2-Al DENSITY OF 4.8 gU/cm3
Authors: Sihotang Juan Carlos , Ajiriyanto Maman Kartaman , Putri Anditania Sari Dwi , Nurlaily Ely , Junaedi Junaedi , Br Ginting Aslina , Supardjo Supardjo 
Published: November 2022

STUDY OF FISSION GAS BUBBLES AND INTERACTION LAYER ON IRRADIATED U3Si2-Al DENSITY OF 4.8 gU/cm3. Uranium-silicide compound fuel dispersed in aluminium matrix (U3Si2-Al) have been used in a large number of research reactors around the world because of its excellent behavior under irradiation. This fuel also provides high uranium density with typical fuel loading up to 4.8 gU/cm3 to compensate for the reduced fissile amount in LEU. To improve the density of current U3Si2-Al (2.96 gU/cm3) used in Indonesian GA Siwabessy Multipurpose Research Reactor, U3Si2-Al dispersion fuel plate with density of 4.8 gU/cm3 (U235 ∼19.75%) had been irradiated in RSG GAS for 175 days at 15 MW power to burnup level of approximately 40%. The characterization was performed using SEM-EDS and optical microscope to study microstructure of the irradiatted fuel, largely the fission gas bubbles and the interaction layer between U3Si2 fuel and Al matrix. The average diameter of the bubbles with diameter from 0.06 to 0.55 µm was 0.21 µm. The interaction layer was identified as U(Al,Si)2,3 with thickness of approximately 1.5 µm. The relatively small fission gas bubbles and the interaction layer didn’t cause swelling on the fuel and the overall performance of the fuel plate was very good.Keyword: LEU, uranium-silicide, post-irradiation examination, interaction layer, fission gas bubbles.
CINTA RAHWANA DALAM KACAMATA DJOKO PADA PUISI “PENGAKUAN RAHWANA”
Authors: Pelangi Alicia Putri 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAK: Pada puisi Pengakuan Rahwana, dari kumpulan puisi berjudul Kemelut Cinta Rahwana karya Djoko Saryono, menarik perhatian penulis mengenai problematik cinta Rahwana pada Sinta tentang apa cinta sebenarnya? Metode kerja penelitian berupa penyajian hasil analisis dimana sikap Rahwana membuktikan mampu mengorbankan apapun, serta menghormati Sinta dan bukannya dominasi membuktikan kesucian cintanya. Tetapi, tindakan serta obsesinya tidak termaafkan untuk apa yang ia lakukan kepada Sinta. Dan itu bukanlah sebuah cinta, melainkan perasaan menipu diri janjinya memuliakan Widowati. Kata Kunci: Cinta, Rahwana, Ramayana.
Стереотаксическая лучевая терапия при почечно-клеточном раке. Опыт и непосредственные результаты
Authors: Степанович Е. А. , Демешко П. Д. , Поляков С. Л. , Минайло И. И. 
Published: November 2022

Цель: Оценить выживаемость пациентов, страдающих почечно-клеточным (ПКР) раком I ст., подвергнутых стереотаксической аблационной лучевой терапии (САЛТ).Материал и методы: В исследование включены 22 пациента, которым в РНПЦ ОМР им. Н. Н. Александрова в период 2018–2022 гг. была проведена САЛТ по поводу впервые выявленной опухоли почки. Общее число облученных опухолей составило 25. Критериями включения в исследования явились: рак почки I стадии, наличие противопоказаний к хирургическому лечению, или отказ от хирургического лечения, а также высокий риск развития послеоперационных осложнений. В исследование включались пациенты с размером образований ≤ 5 см. Лечение осуществлялось на аппарате TrueBeam STx (Varian Medical Systems, США). Предписанная доза составила 48 Гр за 4 фракции, биологически эффективная доза (BED) α / β 3 Гр = 240 Гр, BED α / β 10 Гр = 105 Гр. Конечными точками исследования являлись кумулятивная инцидентность (КИ), скорректированная (СВ) и общая выживаемость (ОВ).Результаты: В 24 случаях при первичном контроле был достигнут локальный контроль заболевания (в 2 в виде полной регрессии, в 15 в виде стабилизации заболевания, в 7 случаях — частичная регрессия опухоли). У 1 пациента был отмечен продолженный рост опухоли и дальнейшее системное прогрессирование заболевания. При оценки локального контроля, медиана наблюдения которого составила 24 месяца, 4-летняя кумулятивная инцидентность составила 4,2 %. Вместе с тем, у 2 пациентов имело место прогрессирования заболевания с развитием отдаленных метастазов, безметастатическая выживаемость составила 86,2 %. За период наблюдения (медиана 24 месяца) умерло 3 человека, все — от причин, не связанных с раком почки. 4-летняя скорректированная выживаемость составила 100 %, общая выживаемость — 85,2 %.Выводы: Полученные предварительные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что стереотаксическая лучевая терапия может быть использована у неоперабельных пациентов, однако необходимо более глубокое изучение отдаленных результатов после проведенного лечения на большей когорте пациентов.
De Servische vertaling van Heijermans’ Op Hoop van Zegen
Authors: Novaković-Lopušina Jelica 
Published: November 2022

Honderd jaar na de opvoering in het Servisch Nationaal Theater in Novi Sad is de in handschriftvorm bewaard gebleven Servische vertaling van Heijermans’ Op hoop van zegen voor het eerst gepubliceerd. Nader onderzoek heeft uitgewezen dat die vertaling gemaakt was voor de première in 1905 in het Nationaal Theater te Belgrado en dat de vertaler de Duitse vertaling van Franziska de Graaff heeft gebruikt als brontekst. Een grondige analyse van zijn vertaling brengt zijn vertaalstrategieën aan het licht maar toont ook aan dat er lichte wijzigingen zijn die naar een eigen inbreng of naar een andere bron zouden kunnen verwijzen. Bovendien zijn hele passages doorstreept maar zonder nadere uitleg van die ingreep.
Wat de receptie van de opvoeringen betreft getuigen de schaarse recensies ervan dat het geen onverdeeld succes was. Een anonieme recensent verweet Heijermans vooral zijn ongenuanceerde kritiek op het kapitalisme. Twee anderen zagen het probleem vooral in de gebrekkige opvoering en slechte rolverdeling.
Desalniettemin blijkt Heijermans meerdere sporen te hebben achtergelaten in de Servische receptiegeschiedenis wat vooral te danken is aan zijn bekendheid in Duitsland. Perifere culturen vinden immers makkelijker tot elkaar via centrale bemiddelaars.
Avatares de los manuscritos matritenses de Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Martín Velasco Margarita , Ruiz García Elisa 
Published: November 2022

Los escritos autógrafos y dibujos de Leonardo da Vinci siguieron una compleja fortuna hasta llegar a nuestros días. Uno de los eslabones de la cadena de transmisión de los escritos vincianos fue su llegada a manos del escultor italiano Pompeo Leoni, afincado en España.
El testamento de este escultor despeja cualquier duda sobre la presencia de una importante colección vinciana en España, aunque la descripción de la misma en los diferentes testamentos de la familia Leoni no permite identificar completamente cada uno de los códices que nos han llegado.
En este artículo se hace una propuesta de identificación con tres niveles de certeza a partir de esta descripción notarial. Entre los identificados con certeza está la colección miscelánea ahora en la Windsor Collection. Menos segura es la identificación del Codex Atlanticus, en la Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Finalmente, la procedencia de los Códices de Madrid I y II puede calificarse de enigmática, ya que, aunque se sabe que el coleccionista Juan de Espina los legó al Rey de España, no existe referencia documental de cómo fueron adquiridos.