bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchial Asthma in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Dhabalia Sameer , Acharya Sourya 
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease also (COVID 19) a worldwide pandemic contagious infection produced through the Coronavirus SAR.S-CoV2, and aberrant, overactive immunity and "chemokines" have been hypothesized as possible pathogenic reasons for rapid COVID 19 development. Because of a poor viral immunogenic reaction with a potential for aggravation evoked by groups of similar respiratory virus, asthmatic patients have increased susceptibility to and severe forms of covid infection. Existing research, however, has not found an anticipated proportion of patients with asthma between COVID patient. Features of the immune responses of type2 nature, such as type2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13 and eosinophil buildup, may give protection against the Corona virus. Furthermore, traditional asthma treatments like as inhalation of corticosteroid, AIT (allergens immunotherapy), and monoclonal antibodies (anti-IgE) may minimize the chance for disease by the causative agent in asthmatics by reducing inflammation and strengthening antiviral defense. The connections between COVID along asthma need to be researched upon more. Infection with a respiratory virus causes up to eighty percent of acute asthma attacks in kids and 50% of similar instances in adults, with Rhinovirus (RV) being the most common cause. (1) CoVs are also seen in asthma exacerbations, with an 8.4 % frequency. Surprisingly, no cases of asthma attacks have been reported as a result of COVID-19. As a result, during the SARS and MERS outbreaks, there seem to be minimal reports of asthma attacks. Such specific events still have to be thoroughly documented. The study's main goal was to find out how common asthma was among COVID-19 participants. COVID-19 was used to examine asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients' clinical features and comorbidities. We also looked at the possibility of being admitted to the hospital as a result of asthma and/or the usage of inhaled corticosteroids.
Morphometric Analysis and Variation of Pterion, Asterion and Lambda in Dry Human Skulls and Its Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Karunakaran Sadhana , Mohanraj Karthik Ganesh 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pterion is a H- shaped sutural junction of the frontal, parietal, squamous part of the temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone. Asterion is a sutural junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid and occipitomastoid sutures. Lambda is the junction where lambdoid sutures and sagittal sutures meet. These sutures play an important role in infants' brain development. Flexibility of these allows the bones to overlap and hence it can pass through the brain canal easily without any damage to the brain.
Aim: To analyse pterion asterion and lambda of dry human skulls morphologically and morphometrically and determine its sexual dimorphism.
Materials and Methods: 40 dry human skulls were collected from the department of Anatomy of Saveetha dental college and hospitals. By excluding abnormal and damaged skulls, 20 skulls were studied. Out of 20 skulls, 11 were male skulls and 9 were female skulls. On investigation, Pterion was classified into four types: Sphenoparietal, stellate, Epipteric and Frontotemporal. Asterion was classified into types: Type-1 and Type-2 based on the presence and absence of wormian bones respectively. Lamda was classified into two types: Normal and Abnormal. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Paired Sample T test was used to analyse the data.
Results: Percentage of occurrence of different types of pterion in males and females: Sphenoparietal (59.09 % of males and 59.09 % of females), Stellate (27.7% of males and 22.2% of females), Epipteric (99% of males and 16.6% of females) and Frontotemporal (45.5% of males and 5.5% of females). Different types of Asterion: Type-1 (13.63% of males and 16.66 % of females and Type -2 (86.63% of males and 83.33% of females). Different types of Lambda: Normal (90.9% of males and 94.4% of females), Abnormal (9% of males and 5.55% of females).
Conclusion: In the present study, there was no correlation between the male and female skulls in the presence of Pterion, Asterion and Lambda. Therefore these cannot be used as reliable parameters for determining sexual dimorphism.
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Management in Allopathy
Authors: Meghrajani Vanee , Bakre Anand , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2022

This article summarizes the literature related to the pathogenic mechanisms and treatment options for multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is not known, both genetic and environmental factors are known to play a role. The risk factor that is strongly associated with MS Epstein-Barr infection. Other factors subjected to modification are childhood obesity, smoking and vitamin deficient individuals. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor has been proposed to explain the increase in prevalence of MS with increase in the latitude. The pathogenesis involves a response which is mediated by T-cell directed against myelin and other similar proteins. The function of B-cells in the disease process is not known. Recent advancements in the understanding of multiple sclerosis has led to development of disease modifying therapies, which in turn has led to a decrease in severity of the disease and relapse rates. Disease modifying therapies act by modulating or suppressing the immune system. Moreover, several drugs have shown effectiveness in certain studies. A number of treatment options have now become available making treatment of MS possible. The management of MS is divided into 3 categories:

Treatment of Exacerbations
Slowing disease progression with Disease modifying therapies
Symptomatic treatment
Effectiveness of Online Practical Exercises among Third-year Dental Undergraduate Students - A Questionnaire-based Survey
Authors: Amrithaashri S. , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: When teachers and students synthesize knowledge from multiple subjects and experiences, objectively weigh dramatically different viewpoints, and integrate various inquiries, education may become transformative. Online applications have been marketed as effective and well-accepted methods for improving student learning in health professional education, including physiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of online technology for physiotherapy teaching and learning, as well as user expectations. Educators may create such opportunities by encouraging students to develop their capacities for study, creativity, critical synthesis, creative expression, self-awareness, and intentionality in critical learning spaces.
Materials and Methods: Survey was distributed to third-year undergraduate students. It suggests that most of the students are aware of online practical classes and also they have knowledge about online classes.
Results and Discussion: It is concluded that types of classes students prefer, 69% prefer online classes, 31% prefer offline classes, gaining of knowledge in online classes 91% can gain knowledge, 9% are not able to gain knowledge, Preference in online classes 49% preferred theories, 49% prefer practical classes, 2% prefer none Association between gender and preferences of online practical classes was done using chi-square test p=2, p>0.05 which is found to be statistically not significant.
Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the students are aware, and students also have knowledge about online practical exercises and classes, the results and this study was compared with other studies.
Restless Leg Syndrome in Dormitory and Its Relationship with Sleep Quality
Authors: Aljaffer Mohammed Abdullah , Alrajhi Abdulrahman Mohammed , Basamad Salem Wadie , Alhothaly Saud Khalaf 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Restless legs syndrome, is a widespread, chronic, multifactorial movement condition of the limbs in which patients have an insatiable need to move their legs.
It was linked to poor quality sleep among students.
Objective: This study aim to explore The Relationship between them among health sciences students who live in dormitory.
Methods: We conducted a Quantitative cross-sectional observation study by using a validated questionnaire targeting Health sciences students and compare to those who live in dormitory Summary statistics for the data are presented in the form of numbers and percentages for categorical variables. A mean score for restless leg symptoms and quality of sleep was calculated. A higher score reflects severe symptoms or poor sleep quality.
IBM SPSS 26 for windows software was used for the analysis, and a P-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 148 students participated in this study. The highest percentage of participants are from the faculty of medicine (58.1%), while participants from other health sciences faculties ranged from 5.4% to 14.2%. 58.1% of the participants are living in the dorms.
The relationships between dormitory and restless leg syndrome average score and with sleep quality average score were studied using independent sample t test. The results showed no statistically significant difference between those living in the dorms and those outside the dorms in any of the scores. Even though the results showed no statistically significant difference between students of different faculties in the sleep quality score.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference regarding living in dorms, but there was a statistically significant difference regarding the faculties.
Review on Surgical Management of Esophageal Rupture Saudi Arabia, Review Article
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Aljudaibi Fatmah Khalid , Alarayedh Zainab Ali , Ali D. Alazmi, Dalal , Yousef Y. Arishi, Dekra , Mohammed A. Alomair, Abdulrahman , Zarbah Zarbah, Jaber Mohammed J. , Alhawkash Suhair Mohammed , Abada Nedal Hatem , Alshammari Sarah Fahad , Shams Aseel Adel , Alamer Rahaf Ahmed , Shaya E. Alotaibi, Hamoud , Althobaiti Hazem Khairan , Abbad Noor Ameen Al 
Published: January 2022

Esophageal rupture presents a significant interprofessional challenge to the entire therapeutic team. The majority of symptoms are non-specific, which can significantly delay the time between perforation and final diagnosis. An esophageal rupture can be caused by a variety of pathophysiological factors. Instruments such as endoscope causes an elevation in the wall tension, particularly iatrogenic interventions, or a massive rise in intraluminal pressure caused by throwing up, chest injury, or abdominal injuries are the main stressors. The choice of the management plan and its outcome depends mainly on the site of the rupture. Although the perforation can occur at any site of the esophagus, there is a tendency to main areas that correspond to natural points of narrowing of the lumen. If esophageal rupture requires surgery, patients should be transported to the operating room as soon as feasible. Minor delays in surgical therapy can lead to higher rates of morbidity and fatality. This review aims to summarize current evidence on etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of esophageal rupture.
A Secure Block Chain Based Contract Manufacturing System for Pharma Industries Using Imperative Ant Loop Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Saini Neha , Bhanu Arvind P. 
Published: January 2022

Manufacturers that work under contract for another firm may make their goods under their own brand or label. Using their own or their clients' designs, formulas, and needs as a guide, contract manufacturers perform this service. The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on contract manufacturing. Due to a lack of capital, some companies are unable to obtain the required equipment for large-scale mass production of certain chemicals. In order to create the final product, they can work with a third-party chemical manufacturer to obtain the necessary chemicals and combine them with their own resources. An organization should carefully assess the benefits and drawbacks of contract manufacturing before committing to this strategy. There may be advantages to contract manufacturing, if the company works with the right service provider capable of delivering high-quality products. The contract manufacturing system proposed in this study is a blockchain-based solution for the pharmaceutical business. Initially, the customer uploads the order details that are preprocessed using normalization method. The preprocessed data is authenticated using the crypto smart contracts before being stored in the blockchain ledger. Then the stored data can be encrypted for security purpose by using the triple MD5 algorithm. Finally, the trust of the order data is evaluated using the proposed Imperative Ant loop optimization algorithm. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, we use the MATLAB simulation programme to compare it to other approaches.
Sub-foveal Choroidal Thickness in Primary Macular Hole- case Study of Lumhs, Jamshoro
Authors: Jatoi Asadullah , Mahesar Mona Liza , Shaikh Noman Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Background: Primary macular hole is a defect in fovea and is a frequent cause of decrease vision and metamorphopsia. Primary macular Hole (PMH) was first time introduced by Johnson and Gass in 1988.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the sub-foveal choroidal thickness in primary macular hole.
Materials and Methods: This prospective and controlled study was done at Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro for the period one year. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen Chart and ophthalmic examination was done with bio-microscopic slit lamp using 90 diopter (D) lens pre-operatively and post-operatively. Swept Source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to confirm the diagnosis, outcome of PMH surgery, to measure choroidal thickness of both eyes preoperatively and postoperatively at the end 2nd month.
Results: From the selected patients, the average ages was 63 year, ranging between 46 to 80 years and from them 45 were females and 26 were males. 41 were right eye and 30 were left eye. PMH characteristics was used for the determination of duration of symptoms and minimum hole diameter, In 63 patients hole was closed and in 8 patients the hole was opened. The average duration of symptom was 5 months and Average minimum diameter was 320 μm and range was 139-650 μm among the patients with closed hole.
Conclusion: Sub-foveal CT was thinner in eyes with PMH as compared to fellow normal eye. But it was not related with anatomical results of PMH surgery. The sub-foveal CT reduced thickness is due to longer duration and larger minimum diameter of PMH.
BGU‐MF: Ben‐Gurion University Math Fluency test
Authors: Gliksman Yarden , Berebbi Shir , Hershman Ronen , Henik Avishai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMath fluency (MF) is the ability to quickly and accurately solve simple math exercises. Proficiency in MF is one of the buildings of arithmetic achievement during school. However, so far only paper and pencil tests have been used to assess MF. In the current study, we present the BGU‐MF (Ben‐Gurion University Math Fluency) test, a new computerized tool for MF. MF was assessed by accuracy rates, response times, and the number of performed exercises. In order to examine its reliability, participants performed the test twice. In order to examine its validity, participants performed manual format of MF from the Woodcock–Johnson battery. Results indicated high reliability and validity of the BGU‐MF test. Performance in the BGU‐MF also predicted abilities in the math matriculation exam and psychometric exam. The advantages of the BGU‐MF computerized tool over the manual tool and further implications of the BGU‐MF are discussed.
Encouraging source monitoring after post‐event information exposure for analogue trauma
Authors: Nahleen Sasha , Strange Deryn , Nixon Reginald D. V. , Takarangi Melanie K. T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrauma victims often come to remember experiencing more trauma than they initially reported. Our experiments are the first to investigate a plausible mechanism for this memory amplification, namely, that people incorporate new details contained in post‐event information (PEI) into their event memory. In Experiment 1, participants viewed traumatic photographs, and completed recognition memory tests before and 24‐h after PEI exposure. As predicted, PEI distorted traumatic memory. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that encouraging source monitoring reduced PEI‐related errors regardless of whether the delay period between memory tests was shorter (24 h; Experiment 2) or longer (1 week; Experiment 3). Our results suggest that evaluating the source of traumatic photos increases source monitoring, making people resistant to inaccurate PEI.
Decentralized finite‐time control for a class of large‐scale systems with symmetrically interconnected subsystems
Authors: Sun Hongfei , Ye Xiaohao , Tang Zeyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe finite‐time stability (FTS) of a symmetrically interconnected system is studied under the consideration of utilizing the system structural properties to reduce the complexity of analysis. The FTS of this kind of large‐scale system can be guaranteed by that of two lower dimensional systems. The concept of mixed stability, taking care of both transient and steady‐state performances of a system, is introduced. Based on the FTS analysis, a decentralized finite‐time controller via state feedback is given to stabilize the large‐scale system. Meanwhile, an observer‐based decentralized output feedback controller is provided to make the closed‐loop system finite‐time stable. The FTS conditions and related decentralized stabilization controller parameters are both derived from solving some differential or algebraic linear matrix inequalities.
Recent Progress of Micro/Nanorobots for Cell Delivery and Manipulation
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Zhou Hao , Zhang Bin , Cao Qinghua , Wang Bo , Ma Xing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicro/nanorobots have attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to their micro/nano scale sizes and autonomously untethered motions. Meanwhile, stem cell‐based therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cure previously irreparable degenerative diseases by virtue of the stem cells’ differentiation and regeneration. To ensure the efficiency of the stem cell delivery, developing suitable and reliable cell‐transport systems is essential. Micro/nanorobots aimed at cell transport have progressed in recent years, which can perform this crucial step of cell delivery accurately and noninvasively during cell‐based therapy. Herein, a review of the design and fabrication technologies and actuation mechanisms of cell‐transport microrobots is presented. The applications of the micro/nanorobotic cell‐manipulation and cell‐transport platforms are discussed, as well as the current challenges and the future perspectives in translation of microrobots from research stage to clinical applications.
Synergistic Polarization Loss of MoS2‐Based Multiphase Solid Solution for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Ma Zhenhui , Lan Di , Zhao Zehao , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing , Hou Yanglong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven tunable hybridization structures in solid solutions, fascinating electromagnetic (EM) properties can be achieved for regulating EM wave (EMW) absorption. Herein, a novel metal–organic cooperative interactions method is proposed to manipulate the vacancy, interstitial, substitutional, and heterointerface structures in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid solution simultaneously, thence meeting the synergistic polarization loss on various point and face sites. Assisted by the coordination between Cu2+ and polydopamine (PDA), the effect of Cu modification on MoS2 is highly improved, which further lead to polarization loss on S vacancy, interstitial Cu, substitutional N, and heterointerface between carbon and MoS2. Contributing to the synergetic effect among multiple polarizations, the Cu/C@MoS2 solid solution exhibit ultrahigh EMW absorption performance, of which EMA with twice PDA delivers the effective absorption bandwidth of 7.12 GHz and minimum reflection loss of −48.22 dB (2.5 mm). The energy attenuation of Cu/C@MoS2 improved almost 266.7% and 222.2% than C@MoS2 and Cu@MoS2, respectively. Finally, this work reveals the structural dependency of solid solution materials of EMW absorption and establishes an entirely new polarization loss model.
Regulating the Local Spin State and Band Structure in Ni3S2 Nanosheet for Improved Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wang Zongpeng , Shen Shijie , Lin Zhiping , Tao Weiying , Zhang Qinghua , Meng Fanqi , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe separate modulation of the adsorption of *O and *OOH is challenging in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which results in a large overpotential and slow kinetics. To balance the adsorption of the two active species, here, a way to regulate the local spin state and band structure simultaneously in Ni3S2 nanosheets is reported. The adequate doping of W heteroatoms causes the electron depletion from the Ni active site, which modulates the spin state of eg electrons, weakening the adsorption of *O. Additionally, the introduction of S vacancies contributes to the upshift of the d band center, which strengthens the adsorption of *OOH. In this manner, the adsorption of Ni3S2 for the active intermediates is optimized, resulting in a considerably improved overpotential of 246 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1. This work provides insights into the exploration of OER catalysts through synergistic modulation of the spin state and the band structure.
The Role of Oxygen Transfer in Oxide Heterostructures on Functional Properties
Authors: Corey Zachary , Han Henry H. , Kang Kyeong Tae , Wang Xuejing , Lalk Rebecca A. , Paudel Binod , Roy Pinku , Sharma Yogesh , Yoo Jinkyoung , Jia Quanxi , Chen Aiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA variety of mechanisms are reported to play critical roles in contributing to the high carrier/electron mobility in oxide/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures. By using La0.95Sr0.05TiO3 (LSTO) epitaxially grown on different single crystal substrates (such as STO, GdScO3, LaAlO3, (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7, and CeO2 buffered STO) as the model systems, the formation of a conducting substrate surface layer (CSSL) on STO substrate is shown at relatively low growth temperature and high oxygen pressure (725 °C, 5 × 10–4 Torr), which contributes to the enhanced conductivity of the LSTO/STO heterostructures. Different from the conventional oxygen vacancy model, this work reveals that the formation of the CSSL occurs when growing an oxide layer (LSTO in this case) on STO, while neither annealing nor the growth of an Au layer alone at the exact same growth condition generates the CSSL in STO. It demonstrates that the oxide layer actively pulls oxygen from STO substrate at given growth conditions, leading to the formation of the CSSL. The observations emphasize the oxygen transfer across film/substrate interface during the synthesis of oxide heterostructures playing a critical role in functional properties.