bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of the phoD Gene Encoding Alkaline Phosphatase in Sediment of Sancha Lake and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors
Authors: Li Yong , Yu Xintao , Liu Huan , Gong Zhilian , Li Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The bacterial phoD gene encoding alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays animportant role in the release of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) from organic phosphorus in environmental systems. However, phoD gene diversity in the sediments of the sub-deep freshwater lakes with eutrophication is poorly understood. In the present study, we sampled the sediments and the overlying water of Sancha Lake, a typical eutrophic sub-deep freshwater lake in China, in April (spring) and November (autumn), 2017. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR were performed to analyze the bacterial phoD gene in the sediments. The diversity and abundance of the phoD gene and the bacterial community structure based on this gene were characterized. We further discussed the relationships between the diversity and abundance of the phoD gene and environmental factors. A total of 881,717 valid sequences were obtained from 18 samples and were classified into 41 genera, 31 families, 23 orders, 12 classes, and 9 phyla and grouped into 477 OTUs. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of the phoD gene was plotted and composed of three branches. The genetic sequences were aligned predominantly with genera Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Cupriavidus, and Paludisphaer. The phoD-harboring bacterial community structure showed a significant difference in spring and autumn, but no apparent spatial heterogeneity. Significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal changes were observed in phoD gene abundance. pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), total organic carbon (TOC), ALP, and phosphorus were important environmental factors affecting the diversity of the phoD gene and the phoD-harboring bacterial community structure. Changes in phoD-harboring bacterial community structure, phoD gene abundance, and ALP activity were negatively correlated with SRP in overlying water. Our study indicated phoD-harboring bacteria in the sediments of Sancha Lake with the characteristics of high diversity and significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in abundance and community structure, which played a crucial role in the release of SRP.
The observations of the 2022 Tonga-Hunga tsunami waves in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Tsukanova Elizaveta , Medvedev Igor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On 15 January 2022, the Tonga-Hunga submarine volcano erupted in the southwest Pacific Ocean and created strong tsunami waves that had a dual generation mechanism: “direct” (caused by the explosion) and “atmospheric” (induced by propagating atmospheric Lamb waves). Trans-oceanic waves spread across the ocean and were clearly recorded in marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific, including the Sea of Japan. The two distinct types of incoming waves produced a variety of effects in the sea as determined by the wave origin, propagation features and local topographic properties. Statistical and spectral properties of the tsunami waves recorded in the Sea of Japan and vicinity, including the adjacent part of the northwestern Pacific, are the main subject of the present study. The Sea of Japan is a semi-isolated basin connected to the Pacific Ocean through several straits. The strait features (widths, depths and geometry) significantly affect the arriving waves, strongly modifying their statistical characteristics and spectral content. As discussed in detail in this paper, the two types of incoming tsunami waves are consequently transformed in substantially different ways.
Visualizing Twitter Opinions with Social Network Analysis: Vaccine Debates amid the COVID-19 Beta and Omicron pandemics
Authors: Kan Anson Chi On 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination rate remained globally low despite governments’ ongoing efforts to encourage vaccination. Sentiment analysis and social network analysis were employed on tweets collected on selected dates during the Beta and Omicron pandemics. It is found that the data exhibit real-world properties. People became more polarized and negative towards vaccination during the Omicron pandemic. Unaccredited authors exerted immense influence on anti-vaccination clusters, which became more concentrated after a year. To increase vaccination rate, it is suggested government officials enhance their presence in these platforms or social media companies reconstruct the information diffusion mechanism to cultivate the interaction anti-vaccination clusters with other communities.
Hide or die when the winds bring wings: predator avoidance by activity shift in a mountain snake
Authors: Radovics Dávid , Szabolcs Márton , Lengyel Szabolcs , Mizsei Edvárd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding predator-prey relationships is fundamental in many areas of ecology and conservation. Basking time often increases the risk of predation and one way to minimise this risk is to reduce activity time and to stay within a refuge. However, this implies costs of lost opportunities for foraging, reproduction, and thermoregulation. We aimed to determine the main potential and actual predators of Vipera graeca, to estimate the incidence and the age and sex distribution of predation events based on body injuries to infer predation pressure, and to assess whether and how the activity of V. graeca individuals is modified by predation pressure.
Results
We observed n = 12 raptor bird species foraging at the study sites, and we determined Circaetus gallicus, Falco tinnunculus and Corvus cornix as predators of V. graeca. We found injuries and wounds on 12.5% of studied individuals (n = 319). The presence-absence of injuries were significantly positively influenced by estimated age of vipers, and were more frequent on females than on males, while interaction of age and sex showed a significant negative effect. The overlap between the activity of raptors showed significantly smaller overlap with observed viper activity than with potential viper activity.
Conclusion
The time being active on the surface by the snakes has cost: the incidence of predation-related injuries increased with age, were more frequent in females than in males and they occurred earlier in age for females than for males. The vipers show a shift in the bimodal activity time-frame by being active earlier in the morning and later in the afternoon than could be expected based on thermal conditions suggesting that there is no maximalization to exploit the whole time frame available to reach the preferred body temperature in a cold environment.
Coronal Elemental Abundances during A-class Solar Flares Observed by Chandrayaan-2 XSM
Authors: Nama Lakshitha , Mondal Biswajit , Narendranath S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The abundances of low First Ionisation Potential (FIP) elements are three to four times higher (FIP bias) in the closed loop active corona than in the photosphere, known as the FIP effect. Observations suggest that the abundances vary in different coronal structures. Here, we use the soft X-ray spectroscopic measurements from the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on board the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to study the FIP effect in multiple A-class flares observed during the minimum of solar cycle 24. Using time-integrated spectral analysis, we derive the average temperature, emission measure, and the abundances of four elements - Mg, Al, Si, and S. We find that the temperature and emission measure scales with the flares sub-class while the measured abundances show an intermediate FIP bias for the lower A-flares (e.g., A1), while for the higher A-flares, the FIP bias is near unity. To investigate it further, we perform a time-resolved spectral analysis for a sample of the A-class flares and examine the evolution of temperature, emission measure, and abundances. We find that the abundances drop from the coronal values towards their photospheric values in the impulsive phase of the flares, and after the impulsive phase, they quickly return to the usual coronal values. The transition of the abundances from the coronal to photospheric values in the impulsive phase of the flares indicates the injection of fresh unfractionated material from the lower solar atmosphere to the corona due to chromospheric evaporation. However, explaining the quick recovery of the abundances from the photospheric to coronal values in the decay phase of the flare is challenging.
Catalyst-free, one-pot three-component synthesis of N,3- diphenybenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and oxybis(1-phenyl-2- (phenylamino)ethanones
Authors: Hajipour Mina , Mehrabi Hossein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present work, highlights a highly effective unique procedure for the synthesis of N,3-diphenybenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and oxybis(1-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)ethanones via the one-pot three-component reaction between aryl glyoxal, aryl amine, and 2-aminobenzothiazole under catalyst-free conditions. The present mild and green method uses EtOH without catalyst at reflux conditions. No catalyst with high yields, availability of the starting materials, operational simplicity, cleaner reaction profile, no harmful by-products, and the isolated products in pure form are the advantages of this protocol. Structures of all the freshly synthesized products have been deduced by their FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis.
One-Step Combinatorial Strategy for Optimization of Antibiotics With Plant Extract Against Drug Resistant Clinical Bacteria
Authors: Gideon Mathew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most worrying health problems worldwide, antimicrobial research with reference to medicinal plants is a growing domain, likewise the synergism between plant extract and antibiotics. The present study seek to propose and develop strategic synthetic means to overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria using ethnopharmacological approach with conventional antibiotics. Concentrated sulphuric acid and 10% sodium hydroxide were used in combinatorial synthesis of Calotropis procera extract with Amoxicillin and Ampicillin.to validate the positive results obtain in stage one, Piliostigma reticulatum extract was combine with 100 µg/mL of azithromycin and again with 100 µg/ml of ampicillin with 0.1 mL, 0.2 mL and 0.3 mL the acid to validate and a different bacteria strain was also introduced. Higher inhibitions zone were observed at 16.7 mm for salmonella spp, 16.4 mm shigella spp, 16.8 mm S. aureus, 21.3 mm E.coli and 22.4 mm streptococus at situations where antibiotics inhibitions zones was 0 mm. The present study results uses a simple, less time consuming, cost-effective, safe and eco-friendly methods, and further shows that acid combinatorial synthesis of antibiotic with plant extract can be made to be effectively active against bacteria isolates which were initially resistant to the antibiotic used in the synthesis as compared to others done before, as they shows that green synthesis of nanoparticles and combination of plant extracts with antibiotics can only have synergistic effects on resistant bacteria or may enhance in overcoming bacteria resistance in a situation where the antibiotics have already shown some degree of antibacterial activity on the tested pathogens, these methods however has little possibility of overcoming resistance at a concentration were the antibiotic does not.
Manifold-constrained Gaussian process inference for time-varying parameters in dynamic systems
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Shihao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Identification of parameters in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is an important and challenging task when modeling dynamic systems in biomedical research and other scientific areas, especially with the presence of time-varying parameters. This article proposes a fast and accurate method, TVMAGI (Time-Varying MAnifold-constrained Gaussian process Inference), to estimate both time-constant and time-varying parameters in the ODE using noisy and sparse observation data. TVMAGI imposes a Gaussian process model over the time series of system components as well as time-varying parameters, and restricts the derivative process to satisfy ODE conditions. Consequently, TVMAGI completely bypasses numerical integration and achieves substantial savings in computation time. By incorporating the ODE structures through manifold constraints, TVMAGI enjoys a principled statistical construct under the Bayesian paradigm, which further enables it to handle systems with missing data or unobserved components. The Gaussian process prior also alleviates the identifiability issue often associated with the time-varying parameters in ODE. Unlike existing approaches, TVMAGI can be applied to general nonlinear systems without specific structural assumptions. Three simulation examples, including an infectious disease compartmental model, are provided to illustrate the robustness and efficiency of our method compared with numerical integration and Bayesian filtering methods.
Spatial patterns and the associated factors for breast cancer hospitalization in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Song Mengjie , Huang Xiaoxi , Wei Xueqiong , Tang Xuwei , Rao Zhixiang , Hu Zhijian , Yang Haomin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the known increasing incidence of breast cancer in China, evidence on the spatial pattern of hospitalization for breast cancer is scarce. This study aimed to describe the disparity of breast cancer hospitalization in Southeast China and to explore the impacts from socioeconomic factors and heavy metal pollution in soil. This study was conducted using the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) claims data covering 25.52 million female rural residents from 73 counties in Southeast China during 2015–2016. The associations between breast cancer hospitalization and socioeconomic factors and soil heavy metals pollutants were evaluated with quasi-Poisson regression models and geographically weighted Poisson regressions (GWPR).The annual hospitalization rate for breast cancer was 101.40/100,000 in the studied area and the rate varied across different counties. Overall, hospitalization for breast cancer was associated with road density (β = 0.43, P = 0.02), urbanization (β = 0.02, P = 0.002) and soil cadmium (Cd) pollution (β = 0.01, P = 0.02). In the GWPR model, a stronger spatial association of Cd, road density and breast cancer hospitalization was found in the northeast regions of the study area while breast cancer hospitalization was mainly related to urbanization in the western regions. Soil Cd pollution, road density, and urbanization were associated with breast cancer hospitalization in different regions. Findings in this study might provide valuable information for healthcare policies and intervention strategies for breast cancer.
Dilutions of household detergents kill Eisenia andrei and Pheretima guillelmi earthworms
Authors: Liu Baoping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil health plays a vital role in sustainable agronomy development. Earthworms are visible organisms in the soil ecosystem, rendering them convenient to monitor soil health. Household detergents are widely used for daily cleaning purposes. To study their effects on two types of earthworms, Pheretima guillelmi and Eisenia andrei, dilutions of six household detergents (1‰, m/v), such as perfumed soap, washing powder, shampoo, dish washing liquid, bath lotion, and lavatory cleanser, were prepared to immerse 20 earthworms for 4 h or more, either directly or mixed with yellow brown soil samples from a peanut cultivation field; rain water without detergent dilutions served as the control. Surviving earthworms were counted, and the survival rate was calculated. The results showed that after 4 h of immersion in the six detergent dilutions, 100% of the E. andrei died, whereas 100% of P. guillelmi survived. When the immersion period was extended to 24 h, 100% of the P. guillelmi also died. However, after adding the six detergent dilutions to yellow brown soil after the earthworms had drilled into it, 100% P. guillelmi and E. andrei survived after 4 h in control solutions and two detergents dilutions, namely perfumed soap and lavatory cleanser. However, 100% of the P. guillelmi died in the other four detergent dilutions. In contrast, 30%, 24%, 19%, and 12% E. andrei survived in washing powder, shampoo, dish washing liquid, and bath lotion treatments, respectively. It can be concluded that dilutions of the six household detergents (1‰; m/v) can kill P. guillelmi and E. andrei both in soil and on direct exposure. This is the first study to report the mortality of earthworms after exposure to dilutions of household detergents.
Incidence and predictors of mortality among adults ART users on universal test and treat approach in a public health facility, South Ethiopia 2021
Authors: Dawit Zinabu , Sahile Serekebrehan , Getaneh Yigrem , Samuel Habtamu , Bojola Fiker , Hailu Mesrach , Mulatu Bahiru , Taye Wodimageng , Dessu Samuel , Dishole Desalegn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced mortality and improved the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. WHO developed the "universal test and treat" (UTT) program as a strategy for HIV elimination. Universal "test and treat approach" (UTT) is a program that commends for all populations those diagnosed HIV positive receive early treatment not considering their CD4 count and WHO clinical stage. UTT program was implemented a seven-year. Yet, the effect of this program in terms of patient status was not assessed about the current and previous( CD4 and WHO clinical) approach.
Methods
Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at Public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia with a total of 802 randomly selected records of ART enrolled adults from March 1, 2013, to February 31, 2020. Data were extracted by using a standardized checklist by trained health professionals, then it was cleaned, entered by epidata version 4.2, and analyzed by STATA version 14. The Cox model was used to estimate survival differences across different study variables.
Results
A total of 790 patients were followed for 1490.8 person-year (PY) of observation. The overall incidence density rate (IDR) of death in the cohort was 3 per-100-PY. The incidence of death was significantly higher in the CD4-based and WHO stage program than the UTT program. The death among CD4-based and WHO stage programs were 3.7 times higher than the UTT program. The log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier survival curve indicated patients enrolled in the UTT program survived longer than patients enrolled in the CD4-based and WHO clinical stage program (log-rank X2 test = 17.6 p-value = 0.001). WHO clinical stage, functional status, Program of ART, New opportunistic infection, Adherence to ART drugs, and Initiation of IPT were predicted mortality from HIV infection.
Conclusion
Mortality was significantly reduced in the universal test and treat program. Hence, intervention to further reduce deaths has to focus on early initiation of treatment and strengthening universal test and treat programs.
Residues in HLA class I that Account for Variation of the HIV Host Response Distinctly Modulate Interactions with TCR and KIRs
Authors: Tano-Menka Rhoda , Singh Nishant , Muzhingi Itai , Li Xiaolong , Mandanas Michael , Kaseke Clarety , Zhang Angela , Ogunshola Funsho , Vecchiarello Liza , Piechocka-Trocha Alicja , Bashirova Arman , Birnbaum Michael , Carrington Mary , Walker Bruce D. , Gaiha Gaurav D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes strongly influence outcomes to HIV infection. However, the underlying mechanisms by which certain alleles mediate protection is not well understood. Here we systematically investigate residues within HLA class I molecules (at positions 67, 70, 97 and 156) that have been demonstrated by genetic studies to explain the observed variation of HLA class I alleles on HIV infection. Through a detailed assessment of the protective HLA-B*5701 allele, we find that each of these residues has distinct effects on either HIV-specific CD8+ T cell recognition (67, 70, 156), stabilization of HLA class I-peptide complexes (67, 156), binding of HLA class I-peptide to HIV-specific T cell receptors (70, 156) or KIR3DL1 (97). Structural analyses illustrate that residue mutations uniquely affect the residue microenvironment of the class I binding groove to impact interactions between HLA-peptide complexes with TCR and KIR. These results thereby provide a structural and mechanistic basis for the HLA association with HIV disease outcome. Moreover, they definitively demonstrate that the major host genetic determinant of HIV control is modulation of the stability and conformation of viral peptides by HLA class I for recognition by both the innate and adaptive immune system.
Construction of Deep Learning Model using RESNET 50 for Schizophrenia Prediction from rsFMRI Images
Authors: Rani K.Emily Esther , S.Baulkani  
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder that affects many young people. Early detection and treatment can release the stress of family members and save societal costs. Deep learning in neuro imaging creates new insights in modification of brain structures during various brain disorders. Therefore, resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Image(rsFMRI) data for schizophrenia is used in this paper.
Method
Initially, rsFMRI images in the dataset are preprocessed. After that, data augmentation is done and data is splitted into training and testing images. Then, the prediction model based on the deep learning framework RESNET 50 is constructed to extract features. Finally, the test images are given to the pre trained model to predict schizophrenia and Healthy Controls(HC).
Result
The proposed system produces the classification accuracy of 95.53% for predicting schizophrenia patients according to the experimental results.
Conclusion
Based on the comparative analysis, we conclude that our model outperforms some recent methods and also increases the schizophrenia prediction accuracy.