bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Beliefs About Second Language Research and Researchers: Different Roles at Research‐Oriented Universities
Authors: SIPPEL LIESELOTTE , SATO MASATOSHI 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigated foreign language teachers’ beliefs about the research–pedagogy link by focusing on research‐oriented universities. Participants (N = 107) held different roles at their universities: graduate students (n = 17), full‐time second language (L2) instructors (n = 69), and language program directors (n = 21). Data were collected via a survey that asked about participants’ understanding and use of L2 research. Interview data were used to triangulate the survey results. The survey data were first subjected to exploratory factor analyses. ANOVAs were conducted for each extracted factor to compare the 3 roles. Multiple regression models were tested to identify predictors of participants’ beliefs. The factor analysis resulted in a 5‐factor solution: (a) usefulness of research, (b) researchers’ engagement with teaching, (c) perceived institutional expectations, (d) engagement with research, and (e) trust in research and researchers. Instructors held different beliefs depending on their roles. Overall, program directors held more positive beliefs about L2 research than full‐time L2 instructors, and full‐time L2 instructors held more positive beliefs than graduate students. Regression models showed that L2 teaching qualification and L2 teacher training experience positively predicted participants’ engagement with research. Suggestions for improving the research–pedagogy relationship are discussed.
Cognitive Variation: The Philosophical Landscape
Authors: Ward Zina B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe do not all make choices, reason, interpret our experience, or respond to our environment in the same way. A recent surge of scientific interest has thrust these individual differences into the spotlight: researchers in cognitive psychology and neuroscience are now devoting increasing attention to cognitive variation. The philosophical dimensions of this research, however, have yet to be systematically explored. Here I make an initial foray by considering how cognitive variation ischaracterized. I present a central dilemma facing descriptions of individual differences, discuss several distinctions used to categorize variation, and show that these distinctions require further elaboration. Finally, by canvassing several philosophical topics for which the characterization of cognitive variation may have significant implications, I argue that philosophers should take note of how and why our minds differ.
Workplace well‐being: Shifting from an individual to an organizational framework
Authors: Wilcox Annika , Koontz Amanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWell‐being (or lack thereof) is one phenomena that is shaped by and has important implications for organizational (in)equalities, yet remains widely conceptualized at an individual level. Through a review of previous research on organizational inequality and diversity, we argue for a shift towards studying “workplace well‐being”—well‐being as created by and through work organizations. We identify and discuss three pillars of workplace well‐being and consider how these pillars are constituted across three levels of analysis. We note that “workplace well‐being” offers a more theoretically‐ and empirically‐grounded framework for understanding how well‐being operates in the workplace. This concept can be utilized to “check” where organizational change is needed and develop change initiatives that better support diversity, inclusivity, and equity.
Exploring the perceived sociocultural factors in the initiation of smokeless tobacco among adolescents: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Karuveettil Vineetha , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Fernandez Ritin , Green Heidi , Sanjeevan Vinita , Janakiram Chandrashekar 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The objective of the review is to identify and explore the perceived sociocultural factors leading to smokeless tobacco initiation among the adolescent population.

Introduction:
Smokeless tobacco use is associated with oral cancer and premalignant lesions. The initiation of smokeless tobacco often occurs in adolescence, with multiple sociocultural factors facilitating the commencement of this habit. An in-depth understanding of the factors influencing smokeless tobacco uptake can assist policymakers and tobacco-control units in establishing global policies and implementing control strategies to prevent adolescents’ taking up smokeless tobacco.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider qualitative studies conducted within the last 20 years on adolescent smokeless tobacco users, focusing on sociocultural factors influencing smokeless tobacco initiation. Studies involving cigarette smoking, other alternative forms of smoking, and any form of tobacco cessation intervention will be excluded.

Methods:
A systematic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases, using a 3-step search process. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OAIster, and Google will be searched for unpublished studies. Only studies published from January 2002 until the present and in English will be considered. Study screening, extraction, and critical appraisal will be performed by 2 independent reviewers using the standardized JBI qualitative appraisal and data extraction tools. Data synthesis will involve aggregation of the review findings to generate a set of statements based on similarity of meaning.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021240588
Methods for developing quality indicators for evidence implementation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McArthur Alexa , Munn Zachary , Lizarondo Lucylynn 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The aim of this scoping review is to locate, identify, and understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the development of quality indicators within evidence implementation health care programs.

Introduction:
Health care organizations evaluate care using quality improvement initiatives, which are based on quality indicators that are clearly defined and measure what they are intended to, based on structures, processes, or outcomes of care. However, the development of quality indicators is an area plagued by inconsistency and issues in terms of their pragmatic use in the health care context. Inconsistency when using terminology related to quality improvement has highlighted issues with distinct definitions, and many terms appear to be used interchangeably. This leads to confusion and a lack of clarity in what these terms are actually describing with regard to measures of quality in health care.

Inclusion criteria:
The proposed review will consider studies, guidelines, manuals, evidence syntheses, and other relevant literature that examine the key concepts, terms, or definitions used in the development of quality indicators and that identify the methods or frameworks used in the development approaches across the international health care setting.

Methods:
The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished documents, using a 3-step search strategy. Results of the search, study inclusion, data extraction, and analysis and presentation of results will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers, in accordance with JBI’s methodology for conducting scoping reviews.Findings will be presented in tables or visual charts, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Details of this review project are available at:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/54q8j
Stability of Multidegree of Freedom Potential Systems to General Infinitesimal Positional Perturbation Forces
Authors: Udwadia Firdaus E. , Bulatovic Ranislav M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stability of general linear multidegree of freedom stable potential systems that are perturbed by general arbitrary positional forces, which may be neither conservative nor purely circulatory/conservative, is considered. It has been recently recognized that such perturbed potential systems with multiple frequencies of vibration are susceptible to instability, and this paper is centrally concerned with the situation when potential systems have such multiple natural frequencies. An approach based on perturbation theory that includes nonlinear terms in the expansions of the perturbed eigenvalues is developed. Explicit conditions under which the system either remains stable or becomes unstable due to flutter are provided. These results show that the stability/instability picture that emerges is far subtler and more complex than what might be intuitively inferred. The manner in which prior results related to narrower classes of perturbation matrices, like circulatory matrices, get included in the more general results obtained here is pointed out. Several numerical examples illustrate the applicability of the analytical results. An engineering application is provided demonstrating the power of the analytical results.
Initial Postcontact Behavior of an Axially Compressed Fiber Constrained Inside a Rigid Cylinder: Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Investigation
Authors: Dayan Yosef , Durban David , Givli Sefi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The postbuckling behavior of a clamped-clamped elastic fiber constrained inside a rigid cylinder is analyzed theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. We concentrate on characterizing the contact configuration between the fiber and the cylinder wall during initial postcontact stages of the fiber deformation, in which only a small segment of the fiber length maintains contact with the cylinder wall. This is apparently the first study of that phenomenon presenting an in-depth investigation of the fiber deformation and contact stages in experiments, along with a detailed examination of the effect of fiber geometrical imperfection. The main experimental challenge was to identify regions of contact between the fiber and the cylinder wall and to distinguish them from segments of the fiber that are very close to the cylinder wall but make no contact with it. To this end, we employed a novel experimental setup consisting of a transparent rigid cylinder filled with an opaque milky fluid, combined with image processing, and synchronized force measurements. The results of the experiments are supported by finite-element analysis and are also compared to available theoretical predictions based on the elastica model of an initially perfectly straight fiber. A small strain analytical solution reveals the role of minor initial geometrical imperfections in deriving the force–displacement relation during fiber bending. This study provides new understanding of the influence of key parameters on the behavior of such systems and may have practical implications in the fields of stent procedures, medical endoscopy, deep drilling, and more.
Multi-Level Bayesian Calibration of a Multi-Component Dynamic System Model
Authors: Kapusuzoglu Berkcan , Mahadevan Sankaran , Matsumoto Shunsaku , Miyagi Yoshitomo , Watanabe Daigo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi-level Bayesian calibration approach that fuses information from heterogeneous sources and accounts for uncertainties in modeling and measurements for time-dependent multi-component systems. The developed methodology has two elements: quantifying the uncertainty at component and system levels, by fusing all available information, and corrected model prediction. A multi-level Bayesian calibration approach is developed to estimate component-level and system-level parameters using measurement data that are obtained at different time instances for different system components. Such heterogeneous data are consumed in a sequential manner, and an iterative strategy is developed to calibrate the parameters at the two levels. This calibration strategy is implemented for two scenarios: offline and online. The offline calibration uses data that is collected over all the time-steps, whereas online calibration is performed in real-time as new measurements are obtained at each time-step. Analysis models and observation data for the thermo-mechanical behavior of gas turbine engine rotor blades are used to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Supply Chain as a Complex System: Environmental Impact Evaluation and Perception
Authors: Cappelletti Federica , Menghi Roberto , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Customers are aware of the complexity of supply chains and link this to a high environmental burden. However, if not coupled with quantitative results, this may be overestimated. The present paper proposes a general method used in the specific case of deep environmental evaluation of a swimming goggles distribution. The results are compared to the consumers’ perceptions, collected and analyzed from questionnaires, and the remaining product lifecycle stages, assessed through the life cycle assessment (LCA). The design and prototyping phases take place in Italy, the goods are manufactured in Asia, and further commercialized worldwide. The environmental analysis enabled the identification of the most impacting lifecycle phases. Results highlight that for small products, with a simple use phase like the goggles, the distribution phase retains a small percentage of the overall environmental impact; thus, it is reasonable to simplify the modeling of the supply chain by selecting a limited number of significant scenarios. This work proves how important is to quantify and rationalize the environmental impacts of a complex system. The end of life and transport phases are perceived as high impacting, but the life cycle assessment analysis reveals that the materials and manufacturing phases retain the highest impacts and are the first that should be improved. Consequently, proper dissemination, cooperation, and communication strategies should be carried out by the goggles brand toward suppliers and stakeholders; the company is now studying how to replace virgin materials with recycled content to lower the environmental impact without hampering the product’s performance.
Magnesium Bromide as Novel High-Density Packer Fluid in Oilfield Applications
Authors: Singh Ramanand , Sharma Rajiv , Rao Gangavarapu Ranga 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rheology of a packer fluid (PF) is the most crucial aspect prompting the efficacious well completion effectiveness. In the drilling industry, a high-density, solid-free, low viscosity, and alkaline pH packer fluid is a big advancement and requirement. Here, we develop a magnesium bromide as an effective solid-free, high-density packer fluid (HDPF) for oilfield applications. We believe that investigating the rheological parameters such as shear stress, yield point, plastic and apparent viscosity, and gel strength 10 s and 10 min at a varying temperature of 84–192 °F is essential for optimizing the rheological performance. In order to enhance the completion efficiency, our work is more focused on overcoming the rheological and density limitations of existing traditional packer fluid. Our results show that the packer fluid has a low value of plastic viscosity (1.95–7.05 cP) and also exhibits a high density of 13.41 lb/gal, a specific gravity of 1.61. We have reported the pH at the alkaline region (pH 7.14) with solid-free. Here, we have investigated the Bingham plastic rheological model and Herschel Bulkley model parameters with experimental rheological data, and it is adaptive to novel packer fluid to predict the rheological parameters. Conspicuously, the rheological models, along with data analysis, have enormous possibilities in envisaging real-time quantification of shear stress and viscosity to enable the user to monitor and evaluate a suitable packer fluid in oilfield applications.
Secular variation in seawater redox state during the Marinoan Snowball Earth event and implications for eukaryotic evolution
Authors: Shen Weibing , Zhu Xiangkun , Yan Bin , Li Jin , Liu Pengju , Poulton Simon W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ocean is hypothesized to have been anoxic throughout the Marinoan “Snowball Earth” event, from ca. 649 to 635 Ma, with potentially catastrophic implications for the survival of eukaryotic life. However, the precise nature of ocean redox chemistry across this critical interval, and hence the factors that governed the persistence of eukaryotes, remains unknown. We report records of pyrite iron and sulfur isotopes, combined with Fe speciation, for glaciogenic diamictites from the Nantuo Formation of South China. These data provide constraints on seawater redox state across the Marinoan glaciation, and they reveal that the redox state of the ocean fluctuated in concert with waxing and waning extents of glaciation, to include intervals of expanded oxygenation. The input of meltwater-derived oxygen provides a potential explanation for the persistence of eukaryotes through the Cryogenian “Snowball Earth” events, which ultimately paved the way for subsequent intervals of rapid biological innovation.
Critical metal enrichment in crustal melts: The role of metamorphic mica
Authors: Kunz Barbara E. , Warren Clare J. , Jenner Frances E. , Harris Nigel B.W. , Argles Tom W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metals such as Li, Be, V, Co, Nb, In, Cs, Sn, Ta, and W are considered resources that are critical for modern economies. They can be significantly enriched in granites and pegmatites, but the mechanisms of enrichment remain poorly understood. Many metal-enriched granitic magmas form through mica dehydration reactions during high-grade metamorphism. The preferential incorporation of these metals into micas provides a mechanism for concentration and mobilization during crustal melting. Comprehensive data sets of these elements and their partitioning in metamorphic micas across different metamorphic grades are currently lacking. We present the first extensive in situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry element data set collected from metasediment-hosted muscovite and biotite from three different metamorphic cross sections traversing sub-greenschist- (~400 °C) to granulite-facies conditions (&gt;900 °C). Within the same sample, Li, V, Co, Cs, and Ta concentrations are higher in biotite, whereas Be, In, Sn, and W concentrations are higher in muscovite. Subsolidus micas record only nonsystematic compositional variations between samples. Suprasolidus biotites show systematic depletion in Li, Be, Sn, and Cs and enrichment in V and Co with increasing temperature in the highest-grade (muscovite-absent) samples. Indium and W reach peak concentrations in biotite at 750 °C and 850 °C, respectively. Muscovites record systematic enrichment in In and W and depletion in Be, Sn, and Cs with increasing metamorphic grade. These distinctive trends appear to be independent of tectonic setting (i.e., continental collision and crustal thinning). Our data set highlights the importance of higher-temperature melting (&gt;750 °C), in particular, biotite breakdown reactions, for the release of Li, Be, Sn, Cs, and W into crustal melts.
Does global health governance walk the talk? Gender representation in World Health Assemblies, 1948–2021
Authors: van Daalen Kim Robin , Chowdhury Maisoon , Dada Sara , Khorsand Parnian , El-Gamal Salma , Kaidarova Galiya , Jung Laura , Othman Razan , O'Leary Charlotte Anne , Ashworth Henry Charles , Socha Anna , Olaniyan Dolapo , Azeezat Fajembola Temilade , Abouhala Siwaar , Abdulkareem Toyyib , Dhatt Roopa , Rajan Dheepa 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundWhile an estimated 70%–75% of the health workforce are women, this is not reflected in the leadership roles of most health organisations—including global decision-making bodies such as the World Health Assembly (WHA).MethodsWe analysed gender representation in WHA delegations of Member States, Associate Members and Observers (country/territory), using data from 10 944 WHA delegations and 75 815 delegation members over 1948–2021. Delegates’ information was extracted from WHO documentation. Likely gender was inferred based on prefixes, pronouns and other gendered language. A gender-to-name algorithm was used as a last resort (4.6%). Time series of 5-year rolling averages of the percentage of women across WHO region, income group and delegate roles are presented. We estimated (%) change ±SE of inferred women delegation members at the WHA per year, and estimated years±SE until gender parity from 2010 to 2019 across regions, income groups, delegate roles and countries. Correlations with these measures were assessed with countries’ gender inequality index and two Worldwide Governance indicators.ResultsWhile upwards trends could be observed in the percentage of women delegates over the past 74 years, men remained over-represented in most WHA delegations. Over 1948–2021, 82.9% of delegations were composed of a majority of men, and no WHA had more than 30% of women Chief Delegates (ranging from 0% to 30%). Wide variation in trends over time could be observed across different geographical regions, income groups and countries. Some countries may take over 100 years to reach gender parity in their WHA delegations, if current estimated trends continue.ConclusionDespite commitments to gender equality in leadership, women remain gravely under-represented in global health governance. An intersectional approach to representation in global health governance, which prioritises equity in participation beyond gender, can enable transformative policymaking that fosters transparent, accountable and just health systems.
Pubertal stage, sex and behaviour in neurodevelopmental disorders versus typical development: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Penner Melanie , Dupuis Annie , Arnold Paul , Ayub Muhammad , Crosbie Jennifer , Georgiades Stelios , Kelley Elizabeth , Nicolson Robert , Schachar Russell , Anagnostou Evdokia 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the association between pubertal stage, sex and behavioural profile across and within neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typically developing (TD) youth.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders network, including children/youth with various NDDs and TD controls. Caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Participants were grouped into three puberty stages: prepuberty (Tanner stage 1), early puberty (Tanner stages 2–3) and late puberty (Tanner stages 4–5). The association between pubertal stage and CBCL scores was assessed controlling for sex and diagnosis.ResultsThe analysis included 1043 participants (male=733; 70.3%). A three-way interaction between pubertal status, sex and diagnosis was not significant for internalising or externalising behaviour. Diagnosis was significantly associated with CBCL scores for both internalising (p<0.0001) and externalising (p<0.0001) behaviours, with lower scores for TD children than for NDD groups. Late pubertal females showed higher levels of internalising behaviour compared with prepubertal females (p=0.001); males showed no differences. Early pubertal males showed lower levels of externalising behaviour compared with prepubertal males (p=0.01); early pubertal females trended towards higher levels compared with prepubertal females (p=0.051).ConclusionsInternalising/externalising patterns of behaviours across pubertal stages did not differ based on diagnosis. Pubertal females are at higher risk for internalising behaviours.