bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paving the way for human vaccination against Rift Valley fever virus: A systematic literature review of RVFV epidemiology from 1999 to 2021
Authors: Gerken Keli N. , LaBeaud A. Desirée , Mandi Henshaw , L’Azou Jackson Maïna , Breugelmans J. Gabrielle , King Charles H. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a lethal threat to humans and livestock in many parts of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean. This systematic review’s objective was to consolidate understanding of RVFV epidemiology during 1999–2021 and highlight knowledge gaps relevant to plans for human vaccine trials.

Methodology/Principal findings
The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020221622). Reports of RVFV infection or exposure among humans, animals, and/or vectors in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean during the period January 1999 to June 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Online databases were searched for publications, and supplemental materials were recovered from official reports and research colleagues. Exposures were classified into five groups: 1) acute human RVF cases, 2) acute animal cases, 3) human RVFV sero-surveys, 4) animal sero-surveys, and 5) arthropod infections. Human risk factors, circulating RVFV lineages, and surveillance methods were also tabulated. In meta-analysis of risks, summary odds ratios were computed using random-effects modeling. 1104 unique human or animal RVFV transmission events were reported in 39 countries during 1999–2021. Outbreaks among humans or animals occurred at rates of 5.8/year and 12.4/year, respectively, with Mauritania, Madagascar, Kenya, South Africa, and Sudan having the most human outbreak years. Men had greater odds of RVFV infection than women, and animal contact, butchering, milking, and handling aborted material were significantly associated with greater odds of exposure. Animal infection risk was linked to location, proximity to water, and exposure to other herds or wildlife. RVFV was detected in a variety of mosquito vectors during interepidemic periods, confirming ongoing transmission.

Conclusions/Significance
With broad variability in surveillance, case finding, survey design, and RVFV case confirmation, combined with uncertainty about populations-at-risk, there were inconsistent results from location to location. However, it was evident that RVFV transmission is expanding its range and frequency. Gaps assessment indicated the need to harmonize human and animal surveillance and improve diagnostics and genotyping. Given the frequency of RVFV outbreaks, human vaccination has strong potential to mitigate the impact of this now widely endemic disease.
How can the education sector support children’s mental health? Views of Australian healthcare clinicians
Authors: Paton Kate , Gillam Lynn , Warren Hayley , Mulraney Melissa , Coghill David , Efron Daryl , Sawyer Michael , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Policy makers in developed countries have long considered the education system an avenue for supporting mental health care for children. Whilst educators have identified many challenges to providing this support (e.g. non-core role, stigma, overcrowded curriculum), understanding clinicians’ views on the role of educators and schools and how clinicians and schools could work together to achieve good mental health outcomes are important questions. However, clinician voices in how schools and health should work together for children’s mental health care are frequently missing from the debate. We aimed to report clinicians’ views about how the education system could support student’s mental health and improve access to mental health care for children and adolescents.

Methods
143 clinicians (approximately 35 each of child and adolescent psychiatrists, pediatricians, child psychologists and general practitioners (GPs)) from the states of Victoria and South Australia participated in semi-structured phone interviews between March 2018 and February 2019. Inductive content analysis was applied to address the broad study aims.

Findings
Key themes emerged: (1) The role of schools in supporting individual children; (2) School based programs to support children and families; and (3) Challenges of implementing these suggestions. Clinicians across all professional groups suggested the education system could play an important role in improving access to mental health services through harnessing existing staff or co-locating mental health clinicians. They also suggested schools could identify at risk children and implement coping and social skills programs.

Conclusions
Schools and educators could play a key role in prevention and early intervention of children’s mental health problems. However, before recommending exactly how to do this, key evidence gaps need to be addressed.
Propensity score methods for comparative-effectiveness analysis: A case study of direct oral anticoagulants in the atrial fibrillation population
Authors: Ciminata Giorgio , Geue Claudia , Wu Olivia , Deidda Manuela , Kreif Noemi , Langhorne Peter 
Published: January 2022

Objective
To explore methodological challenges when using real-world evidence (RWE) to estimate comparative-effectiveness in the context of Health Technology Assessment of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Scotland.

Methods
We used linkage data from the Prescribing Information System (PIS), Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR) and mortality records for newly anticoagulated patients to explore methodological challenges in the use of Propensity score (PS) matching, Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) and covariate adjustment with PS. Model performance was assessed by standardised difference. Clinical outcomes (stroke and major bleeding) and mortality were compared for all DOACs (including apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban) versus warfarin. Patients were followed for 2 years from first oral anticoagulant prescription to first clinical event or death. Censoring was applied for treatment switching or discontinuation.

Results
Overall, a good balance of patients’ covariates was obtained with every PS model tested. IPW was found to be the best performing method in assessing covariate balance when applied to subgroups with relatively large sample sizes (combined-DOACs versus warfarin).
With the IPTW-IPCW approach, the treatment effect tends to be larger, but still in line with the treatment effect estimated using other PS methods. Covariate adjustment with PS in the outcome model performed well when applied to subgroups with smaller sample sizes (dabigatran versus warfarin), as this method does not require further reduction of sample size, and trimming or truncation of extreme weights.

Conclusion
The choice of adequate PS methods may vary according to the characteristics of the data. If assumptions of unobserved confounding hold, multiple approaches should be identified and tested. PS based methods can be implemented using routinely collected linked data, thus supporting Health Technology decision-making.
Psychosocial and behavioral correlates with HIV testing among men who have sex with men during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China
Authors: Shi Lingen , Liu Guangxia , Fu Gengfeng , Zaller Nick , Wei Chongyi , Yang Cui , Yan Hongjing 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Some of community mitigation efforts on COVID-19 created challenges to ongoing public health programs, including HIV care and prevention services among men who have sex with men (MSM). The goal of the current study was to explore sociodemographic factors and the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing among Chinese MSM during state-enforced quarantine.

Methods
We conducted a community based survey between May 1st to June 30th, 2020 on COVID-19 related impacts on HIV testing among 436 China MSM during the COVID-19 state-enforced quarantine.

Results
One-third (33.7%) of MSM received HIV testing during the quarantine period. Few participants reported difficulty accessing facility-based testing (n = 13, 3.0%) or obtaining HIV self-test kit online (n = 22, 5.0%). However, 12.1% of participants reported being afraid of getting facility-based HIV test due to concerns about the risk of COVID-19. In the multivariate logistic regression model, participants who were married (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.19–3.01), reported increased quality of sleep (aOR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.11–3.86), and increased difficulty in accessing health care (aOR: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.37–3.99) were more likely to get an HIV test during the state-enforced quarantine.

Conclusion
The mitigation measures of COVID-19 have created various barriers to access HIV related prevention services in China, including HIV testing. To mitigate these impacts on HIV prevention and care services, future programs need to address barriers to HIV-related services, such as providing high-quality HIV self-testing. Meanwhile, psychological services or other social services are needed to those experiencing mental distress.
Early cerebral hypoxia in extremely preterm infants and neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 year of age: A post hoc analysis of the SafeBoosC II trial
Authors: Plomgaard Anne Mette , Schwarz Christoph E. , Claris Olivier , Dempsey Eugene M. , Fumagalli Monica , Hyttel-Sorensen Simon , Lemmers Petra , Pellicer Adelina , Pichler Gerhard , Greisen Gorm 
Published: January 2022

Background
The SafeBoosC II, randomised clinical trial, showed that the burden of cerebral hypoxia was reduced with the combination of near infrared spectroscopy and a treatment guideline in extremely preterm infants during the first 72 hours after birth. We have previously reported that a high burden of cerebral hypoxia was associated with cerebral haemorrhage and EEG suppression towards the end of the 72-hour intervention period, regardless of allocation. In this study we describe the associations between the burden of cerebral hypoxia and the 2-year outcome.

Methods
Cerebral oxygenation was continuously monitored from 3 to 72 hours after birth in 166 extremely preterm infants. At 2 years of age 114 of 133 surviving children participated in the follow-up program: medical examination, Bayley II or III test and the parental Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The infants were classified according to the burden of hypoxia: within the first three quartiles (n = 86, low burden) or within in the 4th quartile (n = 28, high burden). All analyses were conducted post hoc.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the quantitative assessments of neurodevelopment in the groups of infants with the low burden of cerebral hypoxia versus the group of infants with the high burden of cerebral hypoxia. The infants in the high hypoxia burden group had a higher–though again not statistically significant—rate of cerebral palsy (OR 2.14 (0.33–13.78)) and severe developmental impairment (OR 4.74 (0.74–30.49).

Conclusions
The burden of cerebral hypoxia was not significantly associated with impaired 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in this post-hoc analysis of a feasibility trial.
Interventions to reduce pedestrian road traffic injuries: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series, and controlled before-after studies
Authors: Namatovu Stellah , Balugaba Bonny Enock , Muni Kennedy , Ningwa Albert , Nsabagwa Linda , Oporia Fredrick , Kiconco Arthur , Kyamanywa Patrick , Mutto Milton , Osuret Jimmy , Rehfuess Eva A. , Burns Jacob , Kobusingye Olive 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries are among the top ten causes of death globally, with the highest burden in low and middle-income countries, where over a third of deaths occur among pedestrians and cyclists. Several interventions to mitigate the burden among pedestrians have been widely implemented, however, the effectiveness has not been systematically examined.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce road traffic crashes, injuries, hospitalizations and deaths among pedestrians.MethodsWe considered studies that evaluated interventions to reduce road traffic crashes, injuries, hospitalizations and/or deaths among pedestrians. We considered randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series studies, and controlled before-after studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Index, Health Evidence, Transport Research International Documentation and ClinicalTrials.gov through 31 August 2020, and the reference lists of all included studies. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and full texts, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We summarized findings narratively with text and tables.ResultsA total of 69123 unique records were identified through the searches, with 26 of these meeting our eligibility criteria. All except two of these were conducted in high-income countries and most were from urban settings. The majority of studies observed either a clear effect favoring the intervention or an unclear effect potentially favoring the intervention and these included: changes to the road environment (19/27); changes to legislation and enforcement (12/12); and road user behavior/education combined with either changes to the road environment (3/3) or with legislation and enforcement (1/1). A small number of studies observed either a null effect or an effect favoring the control.ConclusionsAlthough the highest burden of road traffic injuries exists in LMICs, very few studies have examined the effectiveness of available interventions in these settings. Studies indicate that road environment, legislation and enforcement interventions alone produce positive effects on pedestrian safety. In combination with or with road user behavior/education interventions they are particularly effective in improving pedestrian safety.
Association between COVID-19 pandemic and the suicide rates in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Binod , Subedi Keshab , Acharya Pramod , Ghimire Shweta 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPast works have linked the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health responses such as isolation, quarantine, and lockdown to increased anxiety, sleep disorders, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Only a few studies, mostly carried out in high-income countries, have investigated the association between the pandemic and suicide rate. We seek to investigate the changes in the monthly suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, compared to the pre-pandemic suicide rates.Methods and findingsThis is a retrospective study investigating the changes in suicide rates in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic period (April 2020 to June 2021), compared to the pre-pandemic period (July 2017 to March 2020), adjusted for seasonality and long-term trend in the suicide rate. We performed analysis for the entire country as well as sub-sample analyses stratified by gender and provinces. A total of 24350 suicides deaths during four years of the study window were analyzed. We found an overall increase in the monthly suicide rate in Nepal with an average increase of 0.28 (CI: 0.12,0.45) suicide per 100,000 during the pandemic months. The increase in suicide rate was significant both among males (increase in rate = 0.26, CI: 0.02,0.50) and females (increase in rate = 0.30, CI: 0.18,0.43). The most striking increments in suicide rates were observed in June, July, and August 2020. The pattern of increased suicide rates faded away early on among males, but the effect was sustained for a longer duration among females. Sudurpaschim and Karnali provinces had the highest increase in suicide rates associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased suicide rate in Nepal. The findings may inform policymakers in designing appropriate public health responses to the pandemic that are considerate of the potential impact on mental health and suicide.
On the Finite Element Approximation of Fourth-Order Singularly Perturbed Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Roos Hans-Görg , Savvidou Despo , Xenophontos Christos 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider fourth-order singularly perturbed eigenvalue problems in
one-dimension and the approximation of their solution by the h version of
the Finite Element Method (FEM). In particular, we use a

C
1

{C^{1}}

-conforming
FEM with piecewise polynomials of degree

p
≥
3

{p\geq 3}

defined on an
exponentially graded mesh. We show that the method converges uniformly,
with respect to the singular perturbation parameter, at the optimal rate when
the error in the eigenvalues is measured in absolute value and the error in the
eigenvectors is measured in the energy norm. We also illustrate our theoretical
findings through numerical computations for the case

p
=
3

{p=3}

.
Monodromy of elliptic curve convolution, seven-point sheaves of G
2 type, and motives of Beauville type
Authors: Collas Benjamin , Dettweiler Michael , Reiter Stefan , Sawin Will 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study Tannakian properties of the convolution product of perverse sheaves on elliptic curves. We establish that for certain sheaves with unipotent local monodromy over seven points the corresponding Tannaka group is isomorphic to

G
2

{G_{2}}

. This monodromy approach generalizes a result of Katz on the existence of

G
2

{G_{2}}

-motives in the middle cohomology of deformations of Beauville surfaces.
Long time behavior of discrete volume preserving mean curvature flows
Authors: Morini Massimiliano , Ponsiglione Marcello , Spadaro Emanuele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the Euler implicit scheme for the volume preserving mean curvature flow.
We prove the exponential convergence of the scheme to a finite union of disjoint balls with equal volume for any bounded initial set with finite perimeter.
Nomination Struggles in the Post-nuclear Senate
Authors: Cottle Emily M. , Roberts Jason M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three times in the last decade Senate majorities have re-interpreted the rules of the Senate to limit the ability of Senate minorities to obstruct presidential nominees. Each of these invocations of the so called nuclear option have either reduced the threshold of votes needed to invoke cloture on a nominee or shortened the amount of post-cloture debate on nominees. In the current Senate, cloture can be invoked on nominees with a simple majority vote and most nominees are subject to only two hours of post-cloture debate. Despite these re-interpretations of the Senate’s rules, presidents are still struggling to secure confirmation for many of their nominees. As of this writing, fewer than 40% of President Biden’s nominations have secured confirmation, and more than 140 who have cleared committee are awaiting floor action in the Senate. We explore the factors that are inhibiting the confirmation process and discuss potential changes in the process that could expedite the confirmation of executive nominations.
A goblet-shaped quad band-notched UWB antenna and its MIMO configurations
Authors: Wu Ling , Cao Xia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A goblet-shaped quad band-notched antenna is proposed as a prototype antenna. With three CSRR slots and two symmetrical C-like metal stubs, the antenna produced four notched bands to suppress 3.5 GHz WiMAX, 5.3 GHz lower band of WLAN, 5.8 GHz upper band of WLAN and 8.3 GHz X-band. To increase channel capacity and data rate, a two-port UWB-MIMO antenna-1 with quad notched-bands is introduced by placing two identical prototype antenna perpendicularly. The UWB-MIMO antenna-1 easily achieves high isolation of more than 25 dB, but it has big volume of 30 × 60 × 0.8 mm3. To keep miniaturization in size, a two-port UWB-MIMO antenna-2 is constructed by arranging two identical prototype antenna in parallel. With a slot in the common ground and an I-type metal parasitic stub, better than 15 dB port isolation is realized. The simulated and measured data indicate that the UWB-MIMO antenna-2 can reject the above four bands in working band of 3–11 GHz. Meanwhile, other characteristics of high port isolation, good radiation pattern and stable gain are observed. Having compact structure and favorable characteristics, the UWB-MIMO antenna-2 not only realized four notch bands, but also effectively improved the spectrum utilization, which is the highlight of the work.
Potential application of Six Sigma method in operation and maintenance management of UHVDC converter station
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Zhang Enhu , Guo Kai , Yang Yiyong , Zhang Chong , Wei Jianfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) technology plays an important role in the long-distance and large-capability transmission of renewable energy. Power grid company has to improve the reliability and efficiency of UHVDC transmission systems to support renewable energy utilization. In this paper, Six Sigma method is considered for improving the operation and maintenance (O&M) performance of UHVDC converter stations. The working tasks for the operation team and the maintenance team are introduced at first, respectively. The limitation of current O&M management is analyzed. A five-stage implementation of Six Sigma method is discussed in detail. The formed negative feedback ensures the sustainability of implementation and realizes closed-loop management. A representative equipment disposal case is used to demonstrate the adaptability and operability of the potential application of Six Sigma method.
An improvement of derivative-free point-to-point iterative processes with central divided differences
Authors: Hernández-Verón Miguel Ángel , Magreñán Ángel Alberto , Martínez Eulalia , Singh Sukhjit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, we introduce a new Steffensen-type method with the advantage that its behavior is very similar to Newton’s method; therefore, it is a very remarkable way of avoiding the drawback that Newton’s method presents for nondifferentiable operators. In our study, we perform an exhaustive comparative study between the semilocal convergence of Newton’s method and the derivative-free point-to-point iterative process considered; in the case of differentiable operators, we use the majoring sequences and the majorant principle. In the nondifferentiable case, we impose conditions on the starting point and on the nonlinear operator to obtain a semilocal convergence result for the iterative process considered. In both cases, we complete the theoretical convergence proofs with a dynamical study and a numerical test. In the case of differentiable operators, this study confirms that the accessibility and numerical behavior of both iterative processes, Newton’s method and the derivative-free point-to-point iterative process considered, are very similar.