bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis year in review 2021
Authors: Savant Adrienne P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an amazing outlook with the treatment availability of highly effective modulators. Unfortunately, not all people with CF are eligible for modulators leading to continued pulmonary exacerbations and advanced lung disease. Additionally, optimizing diagnosis and evaluation for CF in the newborn period continues to be an area of focus for research. This review article will work to cover articles published in 2021 with high clinical relevance related to the above topics; however, due to the extensive body of research published, this review will not be comprehensive.
Clinical applications of plasma proteomics and peptidomics: Towards precision medicine
Authors: He Bo , Huang Zhao , Huang Canhua , Nice Edouard C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the context of precision medicine, disease treatment requires individualized strategies based on the underlying molecular characteristics to overcome therapeutic challenges posed by heterogeneity. For this purpose, it is essential to develop new biomarkers to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. Plasma is an available source of biomarkers that greatly reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. An increasing number of studies are focusing on proteins and peptides, including many involving the Human Proteome Project (HPP) of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), and proteomics and peptidomics techniques are emerging as critical tools for developing novel precision medicine preventative measures. Excitingly, the emerging plasma proteomics and peptidomics toolbox exhibits a huge potential for studying pathogenesis of diseases (e.g., COVID‐19 and cancer), identifying valuable biomarkers and improving clinical management. However, the enormous complexity and wide dynamic range of plasma proteins makes plasma proteome profiling challenging. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in plasma proteomics and peptidomics with a focus on their emerging roles in COVID‐19 and cancer research, aiming to emphasize the significance of plasma proteomics and peptidomics in clinical applications and precision medicine.
Multimodality imaging of nanoparticle‐based vaccines: Shedding light on immunology
Authors: Younis Muhsin H. , Tang Zhongmin , Cai Weibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there have been significant innovations in the development of nanoparticle‐based vaccines and vaccine delivery systems. For the purposes of both design and evaluation, these nanovaccines are imaged using the wealth of understanding established around medical imaging of nanomaterials. An important insight to the advancement of the field of nanovaccines can be given by an analysis of the design rationale of an imaging platform, as well as the significance of the information provided by imaging. Nanovaccine imaging strategies can be categorized by the imaging modality leveraged, but it is also worth understanding the superiority or convenience of a given modality over others in a given context of a particular nanovaccine. The most important imaging modalities in this endeavor are optical imaging including near‐infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), emission tomography methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with or without computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR), the emerging magnetic particle imaging (MPI), and finally, multimodal applications of imaging which include molecular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. One finds that each of these modalities has strengths and weaknesses, but optical and PET imaging tend, in this context, to be currently the most accessible, convenient, and informative modalities. Nevertheless, an important principle is that there is not a one‐size‐fits‐all solution, and that the specific nanovaccine in question must be compatible with a particular imaging modality.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Pictures with FGM/C
Authors: Abdulcadir Jasmine , Guedj Noémie Sachs , Yaron Michal , Abdulcadir Omar , Albert Juliet , Caillet Martin , Catania Lucrezia , Creighton Sarah M. , Deguette Céline , Dubuc Elise , Earp Brian D. , Essén Birgitta , Hodes Deborah , Marcusan Adriana Kaplan , Mishori Ranit , Ottenheimer Deborah , Richard Fabienne , Sy Aida , Touré Moustapha , Valladolid Amelia , Vercoutere Anneke , Vissandjée Bilkis , Young Janine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlease note that when WHO refers to labia minora and majora such terms are now replaced by inner and outer labia.
What the First Cause Is
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI show that the First Cause is not a series of changes (= events) describable by physical laws; rather, it is initially changeless and brought about the first event with the physical laws. It is distinct from the physical universe which is constantly changing according to quantum physics, and which does not have ‘the capacity to be the originator of an event in a way that is un-determined by prior event, and the capacity to prevent itself from changing’, which a First Cause must have. Thus, the First Cause cannot be part of the physical universe as postulated by Hawking’s no boundary proposal, which in any case is unproven and scientifically flawed. Rather, the First Cause is uncaused, beginningless, initially changeless, has libertarian freedom, and is enormously powerful, that is, a transcendent immaterial Creator. I reply to Thomistic objections and show that the conclusion of the Kalām Cosmological Argument (KCA) and the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo are consistent with both relational and substantival views of time, and with dynamic and static theories of time, and with both Craig’s Hybrid view (the First Cause is timeless sans creation and in time with creation) and the view of the Oxford School, both of which are defensible.
Ultimate Design
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypothesis (iv) ‘uncaused universe’ has been refuted in Chap.6. Moreover, it does not explain how it could be necessary that subjunctive facts (Lange) or physical entities have stable essences (Ellis) or dispositions (Mumford) that persist throughout time which enable them to behave in ways describable by mathematical laws. The Design hypothesis explains this. I reply to various arguments against the likelihood of Design, for example, Dawkins’ ‘who made God’ objection, Hume’s objection from ‘imperfections’, and Halvorsen’s objection that almost all physically possible universes are lifeless. I conclude that, while the alternatives to design are unlikely, there is no good reason to think that the Design hypothesis is unlikely. Since the list of hypotheses in Chap.4is logically exhaustive, the epistemic probabilities of those five categories must add up to 1. Even if one assigns to each alternative a probability of 0.1% (which is very generous given the arguments in previous chapters), that still leaves Design with a high probability of 99.6%. One can therefore argue for the Design hypothesis by exclusion without having to first assign a prior probability for Design, thus avoiding the objections by critics (e.g. Sober) on this point entirely.
Learning Marriage Ideals and Gendered Citizenship in “God-Fearing” Uganda
Authors: Alava Henni , Amito Janet , Lawrence Rom 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter contributes to understanding the space between religion, gender and citizenship through a focus on teaching and learning about marriage in Ugandan churches. While pastors focused marriage teaching on the primacy of a church wedding, sexual purity and harmony through hierarchy, church-going women saw cohesion, spirituality and physical survival as cornerstones of an ideal relationship. By juxtaposing how women saw themselves as having learned these ideals, and how pastors saw themselves as teaching theirs, we illustrate that teaching and learning about gender, relationships and citizenship—and the character-moulding concomitant within these processes—occurs more in everyday lives than in places formally set out for the purpose. To achieve contextualized understanding of citizenship in religious contexts, it is important to pay attention to both religious teaching and practice and to develop methodological tools that identify how men and women actually learn about their worth, rights and responsibilities as citizens.
Incompatible Ideals of the Citizen: Deliberative and Radical Pluralist Approaches in Philosophy of Education
Authors: Kekki Minna-Kerttu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the implications of two dominant approaches in democratic theory in twenty-first-century philosophy of education: deliberative democracy and radical pluralist (agonistic or antagonistic) democracy. I argue that these two approaches and their theorists imply two essentially different conceptions of citizenship in terms of its ideals and imaginaries and, thereby, the goals and emphasises of learning it. I suggest, therefore, that following either of the theories makes the subsequent philosophy of education also political, hence, a political philosophy of education. I develop my argument based on a reflective point of view with no aim to defend either approach but, rather, to analyse their different implications for citizenship from the ‘outsider’ point of view.
Learning in Communities of Practice: How to Become a Good Citizen in Self-Help Groups in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Matunga Benta N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter conceptualizes self-help groups as communities of practice where learning citizenship practices experienced. Qualitative research through interviews and focus group discussions was employed for data collection in Mpwapwa District, Rural Tanzania. Drawing on (Lave and Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge University Press, 1991) notion of situated learning through legitimate peripheral participation in communities of practice, I analyze how participants describe their learning, and how they draw connections between being a good member in a group and exercising good citizenship more broadly. Findings show that participants learn to achieve main goal of development and care for others in various ways including participation in joint activities, imitating others and trial and error. A good member of the group is perceived as a good citizen, responsible in development of oneself and to others. Therefore, groups address challenges in their settings and portray a kind of citizenship that needs attention in development interventions.
Learning Economic Citizenship Among Rural Women: Village Saving Groups in Western Uganda
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Karembe F. , Ndidde Alice N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe notion of economic citizenship is prevalent in non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) interventions aimed at promoting inclusive development in the Global South. In this chapter, we draw on the concept of participatory learning (Mayoux in IDS Bulletin 29:39–50, 1998; Pretty in World Development 23:1247–1263, 1995), to explore how NGO-initiated village savings and lending associations (VSLAs) provide platforms for learning among rural women in Uganda. Based on findings from qualitative participatory research with saving groups in western Uganda, we identify three ways through which women learn a plethora of skills that promote economic citizenship. Further, we reflect on how shared learning inspired by VSLAs enables women to negotiate power relations and achieve empowerment nuanced to local settings. We conclude that VSLAs provide learning that lessens impediments to and strengthens women’s citizenship at the community level, even if this does not tackle entrenched traditional norms in a fundamental way.
Factors of Care Poverty
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter sums up existing knowledge on factors of care poverty. The findings of earlier research are presented separately for different care poverty domains and measurement approaches. The factors are organised into three variable groups: (1) health and functional status, (2) socio-demographic background, and (3) the availability of informal and formal care. Health and functional status are found to be significantly associated with all three domains of care poverty. Despite some variation across socio-demographic factors, they generally prove not to be the strongest factors of care poverty, though in many studies income is associated with care poverty. Concerning the breadth of informal and formal support, living arrangement holds explanatory power in almost all domains of care poverty, but the findings are considerably less clear for the other variables. Overall, older people with major care needs who live alone and also have a low income level prove to be at highest risk for care poverty.
Technical, Legal, and Economic Risks
Authors: Winkle Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the following chapter the author traces the technical improvements in vehicle safety over recent decades, including new sensor technologies with image recognition and Artificial Intelligence, factoring in growing consumer expectations. Through Federal Court of Justice rulings on product liability and economic risks, he depicts requirements that car manufacturers must meet. For proceedings from the first idea until development to sign-off, he recommends interdisciplinary, harmonized safety and testing procedures. He argues for further development of current internationally agreed-upon standards including tools, methodological descriptions, simulations, and guiding principles with checklists. These will represent and document the practiced state of science and technology, which has to be implemented technically suited and economically reasonable. Dilemma situations have always served to clarify ethical and legal principles, such as in the famous example of the so-called “trolley case”. The answer of the law is clear: the killing of a human being with the intention of saving others from certain death may be excused in a concrete case, but it remains illegal in any case. The solution is to avoid accidents at any rate by adapting and forward-looking driving. Relevant maneuvers of driving robots have to be defined and assessed for example using accident data and virtual methods. Further investigation of real driving situations in comparison with system specifications with tests on proving grounds, car clinics, field tests, human driver training or special vehicle studies are recommended. For the required exchange of information, storage of vehicle data and possible criminal attacks protective technical measures are necessary.
Die Rolle von eMed in der OP-Planung der Sanusklinik
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel ist der Vorstellung der Fallstudie gewidmet. Die Ausführungen entsprechen den drei Phasen der Analyse, die im vorangegangenen Abschnitt 3.2 beschrieben worden sind: In der ersten Phase wurde das zentrale Handlungsproblem, das beim Umgang mit der Software bearbeitet wird, und die für diesen Umgang relevanten Elemente der Software genauer bestimmt. In der zweiten Phase wurden die Modelle, die sich um diese relevanten Softwareelemente aufspannen, rekonstruiert. In der dritten Phase wurden diese Analyseergebnisse genutzt, um die verketteten Spiele zu verstehen, die um den Einsatz von eMed bei der OP-Planung gespielt werden.
Quantitative Studie zur Stressbewältigung von Pflegekräften
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Kapitel knüpft an das beschriebene empirische Vorhaben aus Abschnitt 3.3 an und greift die Implikationen aus Kapitel 5 auf. Das Vorgehen wird zunächst vor dem Hintergrund der Vor- und Nachteile quantitativer Verfahren der empirischen Sozialforschung diskutiert. Das gewählte explorative Vorgehen der vorliegenden Studie orientiert sich dabei an vier Forschungsfragen, die in diesem Kapitel hergeleitet und aufgezeigt werden.
Einleitung
Authors: Behnert Christiane 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHeutzutage ist das Nutzerverhalten bei der Informationssuche sehr stark durch die Websuche geprägt: Menschen berücksichtigen in der Regel nur die erste Suchergebnisseite und legen ihr Hauptaugenmerk auf die ersten drei Treffer, d. h. sie vertrauen dem Rankingalgorithmus der Websuchmaschine, die für sie relevanten Ergebnisse auf den obersten Positionen anzuzeigen. Aus diesen Studien lässt sich schließen, dass das Relevanzranking die menschliche Relevanzbewertung maßgeblich beeinflusst. Doch nicht nur das Ranking der Suchergebnisse nimmt einen sehr großen Stellenwert bei der Informationssuche und der Auswahl der Suchergebnisse ein; auch deren Darstellung liefert Hinweise darüber, wie diese von informationssuchenden Personen bewertet werden.
Voraussetzungen zur experimentellen Erforschung von Relevanzkriterien
Authors: Behnert Christiane 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungFür die Entwicklung eines experimentellen Studiendesigns müssen die zu untersuchenden Variablen operationalisiert werden. Einer Operationalisierung muss die Definition des Forschungsgegenstands vorangehen. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der subjektive Prozess der Relevanzbewertung, der von verschiedenen Parametern beeinflusst wird und als aufeinander folgende Anwendung von Relevanzkriterien zu verstehen ist.
Studie zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Popularitätsdaten auf die Relevanzbewertung von Suchergebnissen in akademischen Suchsystemen
Authors: Behnert Christiane 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Literaturschau zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung hinsichtlich Relevanz und Relevanzkriterien zeigte, dass bisher keine Studien zur Erforschung von Relevanzkriterien veröffentlicht wurden, in denen Teilnehmende Suchergebnisse (Surrogate) mit integrierten Popularitätsdaten bewerteten. Neue Erkenntnisse der Relevanzforschung und im weiteren Sinne der Informationsverhaltensforschung sollten auf Untersuchungen beruhen, in denen Eigenschaften gegenwärtig existierender Suchsysteme mitberücksichtigt werden. Moderne akademische Suchsysteme wie Google Scholar oder die ACM Digital Library integrieren beispielsweise die Anzahl von Downloads oder die Anzahl der Zitationen eines Werkes.
Bulk reconstruction in moduli space holography
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. , Monnee Jeroen , van de Heisteeg Damian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt was recently suggested that certain UV-completable supersymmetric actions can be characterized by the solutions to an auxiliary non-linear sigma-model with special asymptotic boundary conditions. The space-time of this sigma-model is the scalar field space of these effective theories while the target space is a coset space. We study this sigma-model without any reference to a potentially underlying geometric description. Using a holographic approach reminiscent of the bulk reconstruction in the AdS/CFT correspondence, we then derive its near-boundary solutions for a two-dimensional space-time. Specifying a set ofSl(2,ℝ) boundary data we show that the near-boundary solutions are uniquely fixed after imposing a single bulk-boundary matching condition. The reconstruction exploits an elaborate set of recursion relations introduced by Cattani, Kaplan, and Schmid in the proof of theSl(2)-orbit theorem. We explicitly solve these recursion relations for three sets of simple boundary data and show that they model asymptotic periods of a Calabi-Yau threefold near the conifold point, the large complex structure point, and the Tyurin degeneration.
Nucleolin: a cell portal for viruses, bacteria, and toxins
Authors: Tonello Fiorella , Massimino Maria Lina , Peggion Caterina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe main localization of nucleolin is the nucleolus, but this protein is present in multiple subcellular sites, and it is unconventionally secreted. On the cell surface, nucleolin acts as a receptor for various viruses, some bacteria, and some toxins. Aim of this review is to discuss the characteristics that make nucleolin able to act as receptor or co-receptor of so many and different pathogens. The important features that emerge are its multivalence, and its role as a bridge between the cell surface and the nucleus. Multiple domains, short linear motifs and post-translational modifications confer and modulate nucleolin ability to interact with nucleic acids, with proteins, but also with carbohydrates and lipids. This modular multivalence allows nucleolin to participate in different types of biomolecular condensates and to move to various subcellular locations, where it can act as a kind of molecular glue. It moves from the nucleus to the cell surface and can accompany particles in the reverse direction, from the cell surface into the nucleus, which is the destination of several pathogens to manipulate the cell in their favour.
Unintentional drug-related deaths in people with mental illness in NSW Australia, 2012–2016: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith-Merry Jennifer , Fujita Kenji , Chen Tim , Baillie Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposePeople with mental illness are a vulnerable and stigmatised group with poor health outcomes including greater premature mortality. This study aimed to investigate trends and rates of change in unintentional drug-related deaths for people with mental illness, describe types of medicines involved, and identify populations at risk in a cohort from New South Wales, Australia.MethodsFeatures of unintentional drug-related deaths for people with mental illness between 2012 and 2016 were identified in a retrospective review of data from the National Coronial Information System.ResultsA total of 495 unintentional drug-related deaths were identified (1.6 deaths/100,000 population), showing an upward trend (p < 0.01). The most common substance involved was diazepam in both genders (males 135/319, 42%, female 76/176, 43%) and more than one contributory drug was included in 80% of cases. Between 2012 and 2016, amphetamine-related deaths showed the highest increase (3.2-fold), followed by codeine (2.5-fold) and quetiapine (2.5-fold). Males (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2) and people aged 35–44 (RR 1.7, CI 1.3–2.2) were more likely to die from unintentional drug-related deaths compared with the reference (females and people aged 25–34).ConclusionThis study found that the drugs commonly involved in deaths are also the drugs commonly used by and prescribed to people with mental illness. There were also significant differences between gender, age group, and marital status in the trend and rate of unintentional drug-related deaths for people with mental illness. A multifaceted approach encompassing both pharmaceutical prescribing and targeted public health messaging is required to inform intervention and prevention strategies.