bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional and Islamic Letter of Credit: Comparison and Implementation
Authors: Puneri Atharyanshah 
Published: December 2021

This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way. This study is exploratory and using qualitative method of research. This study reviews and analyses the previous literatures and other secondary data to conduct the study. The secondary data for this research were gathered through library research. This study also doing the document analysis. Based on the data collected, Letter of Credit is the most secured and commonly used as the method of payment for International Trade. But a lot of contents on the Conventional Letter of Credit is not Shariah-compliant. Islamic Financial Institutions around the world trying to comes up with Islamic Letter of Credit, but to implementing Islamic Letter of Credit creates some new issues and challenges. This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way.
Dynamics of an oscillator with a quadratic nonlinearity in the expression of the elastic force loaded with a step pulse
Authors: Maksym Slipchenko  , Olshanskiy Vasil , Olshanskiy Stanislav 
Published: December 2021

The unsteady oscillations of an oscillator with a quadratic nonlinearity in the expression of the elastic force under the action of an instantaneously applied constant force are described. The analytical solution of a second-order nonlinear differential equation is expressed in terms of periodic Jacobi elliptic functions. It is shown that the dynamic coefficient of a nonlinear system depends on the value of the instantaneously applied force and the direction of its action, since the elasticity characteristic of the system is asymmetric. If the force is directed towards positive displacements, then the characteristic of the system is "rigid" and the dynamic coefficient is in the interval , that is, it is smaller than that of a linear system. In the case when the force is directed towards negative displacements, the elasticity characteristic of the system is «soft» and the dynamic coefficient falls into the gap (2, 3), that is, it is larger than in the linear system. In the second case of deformation, there are static and dynamic critical values of the force, the excess of which leads to a loss of stability of the system. The dynamic critical force value is less than the static one. Since the displacement of the oscillator is expressed in terms of the Jacobi functions, the proposed formula for their approximate calculation using the table of the full elliptic integral of the first kind. The results of calculations are given, which illustrate the possibilities of the stated theory. For comparison, in parallel with the use of analytical solutions, numerical computer integration of the differential equation of motion was carried out. The convergence of the calculation results in two ways confirmed the adequacy of the derived formulas, which are also suitable for analyzing the motion of a quadratically nonlinear oscillator with a symmetric elastic characteristic. Thus, the considered nonlinear problem has an analytical solution in elliptic functions, and the process of motion depends on the direction in which the external force acts. In addition, when a force is applied towards a lower rigidity, a loss of system stability is possible.
Keywords: nonlinear oscillator, quadratic nonlinearity, stepwise force impulse, Jacobi elliptic functions.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL GEARS WITH CONVEX-CONCAVE CONTACT: OBJECTIVE FUNCTION AND VARIABLES PLANNING
Authors: Ustynenko Oleksandr , Levin Nickita , Bondarenko Oleksiy , Bošanský Miroslav , Protasov Roman , Andrienko Sergij , Matyushenko Mykola 
Published: December 2021

Reducing the mass and dimensions of gears is an actual task of modern mechanical engineering. One of the perspective ways to solve it is the use of gearing with a convex-concave contact of the teeth. Therefore, the study is devoted to the development of methods for the optimal design of cylindrical gears with convex-concave contact of the working surfaces. Optimality criteria: minimum contact stresses and (or) minimum relative sliding velocities, taking into account design, geometrical and technological constraints. C-C gearing was chosen as the object of research. It was proposed by the Slovak scientists M. Boshanski and M. Veresh. An objective function is constructed for the case of minimizing contact stresses. The optimality criterion is formulated as follows: contact stresses σH in the mesh must take the minimum possible value when all constraints are met. An objective function is also constructed for the case of minimizing the relative sliding velocities of profiles. The optimality criterion is formulated as follows: the relative sliding s velocities of profiles λ at the extreme points of mesh must take the minimum possible value when all the constraints are met. Variables planning are defined. These are pressure angle at the pole αС, the curvature radius at the upper part of contact path rkh, and the curvature radius at the lower part of contact path rkd. A method for solving the problem of optimal design is chosen. The method of probing the space of design parameters was chosen from all the variety. The points of the LPτ-sequence are used as test points. The method allows you to operate with a significant number of parameters – up to 51, provides a sufficiently large number of evenly distributed test points – up to 220. In further studies, it is planned to form a system of constraints on variables planning, to develop methods and algorithms for solving the problem. Also carry out test and verification calculations to confirm and evaluate the theoretical results.
Keywords: gear, convex-concave contact, optimal design, objective function, variables planning
The Case Against Censoring of Progression-Free Survival in Cancer Clinical Trials – A Pandemic Shutdown as an Illustration
Authors: Jamoul Corinne , Collette Laurence , Coart Elisabeth , D’Hollander Koenraad , Burzykowski Tomasz , Saad Everardo D . , Buyse Marc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Missing data may lead to loss of statistical power and introduce bias in clinical trials. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on patient health care and on the conduct of cancer clinical trials. Restricted access to sites, medication and evaluations brings challenges to the analysis of clinical trials due to missing data. Although several endpoints may be affected, progression-free survival (PFS) is of major concern, given its frequent use as primary endpoint in advanced cancer and the fact that missed radiographic assessments are to be expected. If patients with progression have delayed radiographic assessment due to the pandemic, there is controversy between censoring at the last visit prior to a shutdown period or ascribing the progression date to the day the assessment is eventually done after the end of the shutdown. The recent introduction of the estimand framework creates an opportunity to define more precisely the target of estimation and ensure alignment between the scientific question and the statistical analysis. Two basic approaches can be considered for handling missing tumor scans due to the pandemic: a “treatment policy” strategy, which consists in ascribing events to the time they are observed, and a “hypothetical” approach of censoring patients with events during the shutdown period at the last assessment prior to that period. In this article, we show through simulations how these two approaches may affect the overall power of a study and bias the estimated treatment effect and median PFS estimates. As a general rule, we suggest that the treatment policy approach, which conforms with the intent-to-treat principle, should be the primary analysis in order to avoid unnecessary loss of power and minimize bias in median PFS estimates.
Expression of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR and Its Influence on the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway and Inflammation in Patients With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Xiaolu , Liu Jian , Sun Yanqiu , Wen Jianting , Zhou Qin , Ding Xiang , Zhang Xianheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: Our research was designed to investigate the correlations among expression of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, clinical-related indicators, and long noncoding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTAIR) in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The expression of immune-inflammatory indicators was detected in OA patients and normal people, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted to induce human chondrocytes (CHs). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure lncRNA HOTAIR expression. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess the viability of CHs. Western blot analysis was utilized to evaluate related protein expression.Results: LncRNA HOTAIR showed high expression in PBMCs of OA patients with the sensitivity and specificity of receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve according to the area under the ROC curve, indicating that lncRNA HOTAIR might act as a biomarker of OA. Moreover, lncRNA HOTAIR was positively correlated with total cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and visual analog scale score, which were found to be independent risk factors for lncRNA HOTAIR expression. Besides, overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR diminished cell viability and IL-10 expression but augmented TNF-α expression in OA-CHs stimulated by OA-PBMCs. Meanwhile, lncRNA HOTAIR overexpression elevated the levels of PI3K, AKT proteins and reduced PTEN protein expression in OA-CHs.Conclusions: Conclusively, lncRNA HOTAIR was upregulated in PBMCs of OA patients, which facilitated the inflammatory response of OA by orchestrating inflammatory cytokines and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Assessment of Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Among pwMS in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaeed Saffanah , Alkhawajah Nuha , Aljarallah Salman , Alarieh Rola , Abushaheen Amani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Materials and Methods.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020. Participants were recruited from the Neuroimmunology clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University medical city (KSUMC)in Riyadh City, KSA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure depression and anxiety. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue in pwMS. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.24.0.
Results.
A total of 529 participants participated in this study with a response rate of 53.1%. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were 35.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The findings also revealed that depression was more likely to be significantly affected by being male, low education, unemployment, physical inactivity, and fatigue but the anxiety was significantly affected by region, unemployment, short duration since last MS relapse, physical inactivity, and fatigue.
Conclusion.
Anxiety and depression are not uncommon in pwMS. Given their impact on the lives of affected patients, early detection and management of these symptoms and their associated factors are crucial.
The Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds Extract as A Prospective Insecticidal Agent Against Some Main Key Pests of Phesolus Vulgaris in Laboratory and Field
Authors: Hussein Hany , Abouamer Waleed , Ali Hatem , El-khadragy Manal , Yehia Hany , Farouk Amr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exploiting massive amounts of food and agro-waste represents a severe social, economic, and environmental issue. Under the growing demand toward food products free of toxic synthetic insecticides, the methanolic extract of spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which represent the main by-product of coffee production, was applied in the current study as a bioinsecticide against the main pests of the green bean; Spodoptera littoralis, Agrotis ipsilon, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca fabi and Aphis craccivora. Deterrent assay, contact bioassay, and lethal concentration analysis were performed to reveal the repellent, antifeedant, and oviposition deterrent effects. Parallel to the above-performed bioassays, the phytochemical composition of the SCGs methanolic extract was investigated via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Fourteen phenolic acids and five flavonoids in addition to caffeine (alkaloid) have been identified in the extract. Cinnamic, rosmarinic, and gallic acids were the predominant phenolics, while apigenin-7-glucoside was the main flavonoid, followed by naringin, catechin, and epicatechin. The extract of SCGs showed an insecticidal effect, with mortality between 27.5-76% compared to the control (7.4%) and based on the concentration of the extract used. In the same trend, oviposition efficiency revealed different laid egg batches (0.67, 2.33, 7.33, and 8.67 batch/jar) for 100, 50, 25% of the SCGs extract and control. Finally, the major components of SCGs extract were docked into insecticide acetylcholinesterase enzyme to explore their potential of inhibition, where apigenin-7-glucoside showed a higher binding affinity, followed by catechin, compared to the control (lannate). Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel bioinsecticides from SCGs.
An ancestral interaction module promotes oligomerization in divergent mitochondrial ATP synthases
Authors: Amunts Alexey , Gahura Ondrej , Muhleip Alexander , Hierro-Yap Carolina , Panicucci Brian , Jain Minal , Hollaus David , Slapničková Martina , Zikova Alena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP synthase forms stable dimers arranged into oligomeric assemblies that generate the inner-membrane curvature essential for efficient energy conversion. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the intact ATP synthase dimer from Trypanosoma brucei in ten different rotational states. The model consists of 25 subunits, including nine lineage-specific, as well as 36 lipids. The rotary mechanism is influenced by the divergent peripheral stalk, conferring a greater conformational flexibility. Proton transfer in the lumenal half-channel occurs via a chain of five ordered water molecules. The dimerization interface is formed by subunit-g that is critical for interactions but not for the catalytic activity. Although overall dimer architecture varies among eukaryotes, we find that subunit-g together with subunit-e form an ancestral oligomerization motif, which is shared between the trypanosomal and mammalian lineages. Therefore, our data defines the subunit-g/e module as a structural component determining ATP synthase oligomeric assemblies.
Meta-analysis of HNF1A-MODY3 Variants Among Human Population
Authors: Behl Rachna , Malhotra Nishtha , Joshi Vinay , Poojary Shruti , Middha Sanniya , Gupta Shalini , Olaonipekun Arinola B. , Okoye Ikechukwu , Wagh Bhushan , Biswas Dibyendu , Aginah Chukwuemelie , Saini Bhavya , Nwanya Chinaza , Ugwu Sopuluchukwu , Modupe Anthony , Fang Xuanyu S. , Ogunfile Foluso , Ibrahim Abdulrahman Tudu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPreviously, numerous case-control studies have highlighted variants responsible for Maturity onset diabetes of young (MODY). However, these studies have been conducted among diverse populations and hence yielded contradictory results. We, therefore, performed a meta-analysis to precisely find the association of SNPs with the disease for the HNF1A gene.ObjectiveMeta-analysis of clinically defined studies deciphering mutations in the HNF1A gene responsible for the development of MODY3 was conducted among various populations to determine associations using statistical approaches. MethodsThe curation of 505 research articles published between the years 2000-2021 was carried out. Visualization of data-related protocols and statistical-analysis were conducted, which led to the identification of highly prevalent mutations among different populations (majorly Europe). Further comparison between the frequencies of the control (healthy population) and test (diseased population) dataset generated through curation was performed.ResultsWe identified nine MODY3 mutations (rs587776825, rs1169288, rs1800574, rs2464196, rs137853244, rs137853238, rs587780357, rs137853240 and rs137853243) at the genome-wide significance level (p<5.0×10–8). The present study confirmed that the data does not follow a normal distribution. Further, the data was confirmed to be a more homogenous type with frequencies having a significant association with the disease.Conclusion﻿This meta-analysis found significant associations of mutations in HNF1A with MODY3, consistent with previous studies. Our findings should help elucidate the mutations in a compiled form responsible for causing MODY3.
Adaptability of F1 sunflower hybrids, created according to an integrated system of line selection for economically valuable traits in various agroclimatic zones
Authors: Babych V. O. , Borovska I. Yu. , Sharypina Ya. Yu. , Parii Ya. F. , Symonenko Yu. V. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Determine the ecological plasticity and productivity of F1 sunflower hybrids created on the basis of maternal and parental lines, selected according to an accelerated selection system of lines resistant to herbicides (imidazoline and sulfonylurea groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.).
Methods. Statistical analysis of F1 sunflower hybrids was carried out using the methods of variation statistics, regression and analysis of variance using the Microsoft Office Excel 2016 application package. Molecular biological, biotechnological and classical selection methods were used for the accelerated system of line selection. Thus, for the purpose of targeted selection of sunflower sterility fixers, we used HRG01 molecular SCAR marker to identify the gene for the restoration of pollen fertility (Rf1). To accelerate the creation of parental lines resistant to tribenuron-methyl, we used a culture of immature embryos in vitro.
Results. The results of testing of F1 sunflower hybrids at Kyiv, Chernihiv, Cherkasy (Uman and Shpolianskyi districts), Khmelnytskyi, Kharkiv, Kherson and Odesa regions. The hybrids were created on the basis of selected lines, chosen according to an accelerated selection system for herbicide-resistant lines (imidazoline (IMI-hybrids) and sulfonylurea (SU-hybrids) groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wall). The standards for comparison with hybrids were: for IMI hybrids – hybrids ‘NK Neoma’ (Syngenta) and ‘ES Genesis’ (Euralis), and for SU-hybrids – ‘SY Sumiko’ (Syngenta) and ‘P64LE25’ (Pioneer). As a result, it was found that among SU-hybrids, UA 2/106 had a 3.9% higher yield when compared to the standards (‘SY Sumiko’ and ‘P64LE25’). And for IMI-hybrids it was found that hybrids UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84 have the same yield of 2.76 t/ha as the ‘NK Neoma’ standard. IMI hybrids UA 1/92, UA 1/102 have the same yield of 2.91 t/ha as ‘ES Genesis’.
Conclusions. F1 hybrids were created on the basis of the original breeding material selected due to the accelerated system of sunflower lines selection. The hybrids were analyzed according to the yield indicator. The most productive among the tested SU-hybrids was UA 2/106 hybrid, among the IMI hybrids – UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84, UA 1/92 and UA 1/102.
Level of manifestation and variability of grain number per spike in spring barley
Authors: Hudzenko V. M. , Polishchuk T. P. , Lysenko A. A. , Khudolii L. V. , Babenko A. I. , Mandrovska S. M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To identify features of the level of manifestation and variability of grain number per spike in spring barley and reveal new genetic sources by combining increased and stable level of manifestation of the trait for breeding in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 under conditions of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS. We studied 96 collection accessions of different subspecies and groups of spring barley varieties originating from 15 countries. A number of statistical parameters and graphical models were used.
Results. The ANOVA of the AMMI model revealed significantly higher part of contribution in the total phenotypic variation for every its component: growing season conditions (33.8–40.2%), genotype (35.2–48.9%), and genotype – environment interaction (17.3–29.3%). According to the homeostaticity (Homi) and breeding value (Sci) levels and GGE biplot visualizations, the samples were differentiated by the level of manifestation and variability of the trait and new genetic sources for barley breeding were identified. The coefficient of phenotypic variation ranged from low in two-rowed hulled samples (PCV = 9.60%) to near-high in hulless ones (PCV = 18.9%). High values of the coefficient of genotypic variation were found in hulless (GCV = 10.95%) and six-rowed samples (GCV = 13.28%). The coefficient of heritability of the trait varied from high (H2 = 79.4%) in two-rowed samples to near-low (H2 = 33.7%) in six-rowed samples. The expected genetic improvement ranged from middle in multi-row samples (GAM = 13.10%) to high in hulless samples (GAM = 23.51%).
Conclusions. Collection accessions combining increased grain number and its relative stability were identified, namely, two-rowed hulled ones ‘Tiver’ (UKR), ‘Almonte’ (CAN), ‘Despina’ (DEU), ‘Symbat’ (KAZ), ‘Smaragd’ (UKR), ‘Novator’ (UKR); two-rowed hulless ones ‘CDC Candle’ (CAN) and ‘Millhouse’ (CAN); multi-row hulled ones ‘AC Wes­tech’ (CAN) and ‘AC Alma’ (CAN). The prospect of further research is to involve the selected accessions into creation of new source material and establish the peculiarities of the inheritance of grain number per spike, as well as to identify the relationship of this trait with other yield components.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM ÀS PESSOAS COM FERIDAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA CRUZ/RN: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: RIBEIRO BARRETO RAVANA AMALIA , Da Silva Isabela de Lima , Dos Santos Medeiros Edriana Mayara , Fernandes de Carvalho Louise Maria , Soares da Silva Ilisdayne Thallita 
Published: December 2021

O presente relato possui como objetivo descrever a experiência dos discentes acerca das ações do projeto de extensão intitulado: “Assistência de enfermagem às pessoas com feridas no município de Santa Cruz/RN”. As ações do projeto supracitado ocorriam na Clínica Escola de enfermagem da FACISA/UFRN e nos domicílios dos pacientes. As atividades consistiam em treinamento dos integrantes; atendimento conforme Processo de Enfermagem; capacitações dos profissionais de saúde e cuidadores; divulgação cientifica por meio das redes sociais do projeto. Durante esse período foi possível oferecer a sociedade um serviço de qualidade, além de oferecer um espaço para os discentes aprimorarem a prática manual e o julgamento clínico.
Palavras-chave: Ferimentos e lesões; enfermagem; sistema único de saúde.