bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effect of Different Breast Implant Surfaces on Capsule Formation and Host Inflammatory Response in an Animal Model
Authors: Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio , Sorotos Michail , Canese Rossella , Valeri Mauro , Roberto Cirombella , Giorgia Scafetta , Firmani Guido , di Napoli Arianna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast implants are biomaterials eliciting a physiological and mandatory foreign body response.

Objectives
The authors designed an animal study to investigate the impact of different implant surfaces on the formation of the periprosthetic capsule, the inflammatory response, and the cellular composition.

Methods
The authors implanted 1 scaled-down version of breast implants by different manufactures on 70 female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups of 14 animals. Group A received a smooth implant (Ra ≈ 0.5 µm) according to the ISO 14607-2018 classification, Group B a smooth implant (Ra ≈ 3.2 µm), Group C a smooth implant (Ra ≈ 5 µm), Group D a macrotextured implant (Ra ≈ 62 µm), and Group E a macrotextured implant (Ra ≈ 75 µm). At 60 days, all animals received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 35 animals were killed and their capsules sent for histology (capsule thickness, inflammatory infiltrate) and immunohistochemistry analysis (cellular characterization). The remaining animals repeated the MRI at 120 days and were killed following the same protocol.

Results
MRI showed a thinner capsule in the smooth implants (Groups A-C) at 60 days (P &lt; .001) but not at 120 days (P = .039), confirmed with histology both at 60 days (P = .005) and 120 days (P &lt; .001). Smooth implants (Groups A-C) presented a mild inflammatory response at 60 days that was maintained at 120 days and a high M2-Macrophage concentration (anti-inflammatory).

Conclusions
Our study confirms that smooth implants form a thinner capsule, inferior inflammatory infiltrate, and a cellular composition that indicates a mild host inflammatory response. A new host inflammatory response classification is elaborated classifying breast implants into mild, moderate, and high.
Lewis x-carrying O-glycans are candidate modulators for conceptus attachment in pigs
Authors: Han Kun , Yue Yulu , Wang Weiwei , Wang Feiyu , Chai Wengang , Zhao Shuhong , Yu Mei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuccessful attachment of conceptus to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is crucial for establishing a functional placenta in pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The uterine LE-conceptus interface is enriched in various glycoconjugates essential to implantation. Using MALDI-MS profiling, we identified for the first time the O-glycan repertoire of pig endometrium during the conceptus attachment stage. The expression pattern of blood group A, O(H), Lewis x, y, a, b (Lex, Ley, Lea, and Leb), the sialylated and sulfated Lex antigens in the uterine LE-conceptus interface was assessed using immunofluorescence assays. Notably, the Lex-carrying O-glycans exhibited a temporal–spatial expression pattern. They were absent in the endometrium on estrous cycle days but strongly and spatially presented in the conceptus and uterine LE to which the conceptus apposes during the early conceptus attachment stage. In addition, Lex-carrying O-glycans were co-localized with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), a well-characterized factor that plays a role in promoting conceptus attachment through interacting with integrin αVβ3 and integrin αVβ6. Meanwhile, the immunoprecipitation assays revealed an interaction between the Lex-carrying O-glycans and SPP1, integrin αV, and integrin β6. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) gene is a potential regulator for Lex antigen expression in the uterine LE-conceptus interface during the early conceptus attachment stage. In conclusion, our findings show that Lex-carrying O-glycans, presumably dependent on B4GALT1 gene expression, might modulate conceptus attachment by interacting with the SPP1-integrin receptor complex in pigs.
Why Do Chinese Older Adults in Hong Kong Delay or Refuse COVID-19 Vaccination? A Qualitative Study Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Yuan Jiehu , Lam Wendy Wing Tak , Xiao Jingyi , Ni Michael Yuxuan , Cowling Benjamin John , Liao Qiuyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesOlder adults have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While COVID-19 vaccines are effective for reducing mortality and severe complications, vaccine hesitancy remains a substantial concern particularly among older adults. This was a qualitative study to explore how Chinese older adults reached a decision to delay or refuse the COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong.MethodsSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 older adults aged ≥60 years who had never received COVID-19 vaccines. The grounded theory approach guided the selection of informants, data collection, data analysis, and report writing.ResultsOlder adults’ vaccine hesitancy and resistance weaved into the context of lacking sufficient decisional support and attitude roots of negative perception of aging, fatalistic risk attitudes, present-oriented time perspectives, and negative values on western biomedicine. Attitude roots were used as the decisional anchors to further shape older adults’ peripheral processing of vaccine-related information, resulting into a spectrum of vaccine-resistant and vaccine-hesitant attitudes. While participants refused or delayed COVID-19 vaccination, they engaged in alternative coping strategies to regain self-control and justify their vaccination disengagement in the pandemic.DiscussionInterventions to address vaccine hesitancy in older adults should focus on addressing attitude roots and strengthening the connectivity of older adults with family, doctors, and government to engage older adults in the vaccination decision making. Risk communication should shift to provide more personal relevant information in a caring style, meet older adults’ preference for peripheral information processing, and address their existing misperceptions about COVID-19 vaccines.
Information Visualization Dashboard to Proctor Test-Takers During an Online Language Proficiency Test
Authors: Hernández-Calderón José-Guillermo , Soto-Mendoza Valeria , Montané-Jiménez Luis-Gerardo , Alain Meunier Colula Marion , Tello - Carrillo Janeth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the learning and evaluation processes have been moved to an online modality to keep social distance and reduce the spreading of the virus. The strategies implemented for assessment and proctoring in this online remote teaching and assessment emergency are no exception when proctoring test-takers. This problem is addressed from a practical context of study: the English Language Proficiency Tests of a University in southeast Mexico. Considering an iterative user-centered mixed methodology, a set of dashboards was designed, implemented and evaluated to visualize the information generated by test-takers during the administration process. An increase in the Usability of the dashboards is observed in all heuristic categories, with visual design being greater. The use of the mixed methodology and the constant user feedback during the process helped us to reduce development time compared with other works found in the literature. Moreover, it is possible to use the proposed dashboards in other application domains like medicine, or care facilities where user activity monitoring is needed to make informed decisions.
categoryHuman-centered computing; Information visualization
Microstructural observation of the swollen catalyst layers of fuel cells by cryo-TEM
Authors: Shimanuki Junichi , Imai Hideto , Ito Yoshiko , Nishino Yuri , Miyazawa Atsuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is important to understand and control the fine structure of the fuel cell catalyst layer in order to improve the battery characteristics of the fuel cell. A major challenge in observing the microstructure of the catalyst layer by electron microscopy is the visualization of ionomers, which have low contrast and are susceptible to damage by electron beam irradiation. Previous papers have reported transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of ionomers neutralized with cesium (Cs) ions. However, this approach involves chemical reactions and indirect visualization of ionomers. In contrast, we have previously revealed the microstructure of ionomers in frozen catalyst inks by cryogenic (cryo) scanning electron microscopy and cryo-TEM. In general, ionomers are basically used under high-temperature and humid conditions while the fuel cell is operating. Therefore, in this study, ultrathin sections prepared from the fuel cell catalyst layer (membrane electrode assemblies) were incubated in a chamber under high-temperature and humid conditions and then rapidly frozen for observation by cryo-TEM. As a result, we succeeded in observing the pore structure of the catalyst layer in the swollen state of the ionomer. The swollen ionomer surrounded and enclosed the Pt/C aggregates and bridged over the pores in the catalyst layer.
A case report on a rare presentation of adrenal myelolipoma with low-impact traumatic haemorrhage and the challenges of conservative management
Authors: Paice Bronte , Oyebola Taiwo , Ball Kathryn , Alexander Shaun , Sherwood Benedict 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, hormonally silent, adipose and myeloid-containing lesions that are mostly asymptomatic. If they do present it is usually with mass-related flank pain or spontaneous haemorrhage. A 55-year-old female presented with right flank pain after a fall from a static pushbike. Computer tomography identified a large adrenal lesion with surrounding acute retroperitoneal haemorrhage. A conservative approach to treatment was decided on as the patient remained haemodynamically stable. The patient developed a pulmonary embolism during the time of conservative management and therefore had to be anticoagulated with close monitoring. Outpatient surveillance imaging was reassuring, hormonal screening was negative and biopsy confirmed myelolipoma. We report a rare presentation of adrenal myelolipoma with the sequelae of haemorrhage from low-impact trauma and the challenges of conservative management.
Electron density variability in the day-side ionosphere of Mars: The role of gravity waves
Authors: Wang Xing , Xu Xiaojun , Cui Jun , Gu Hao , Niu Dandan , Zhou Zilu , Chang Qing , Xu Qi , Luo Lei , He Peishan , Yi Siqi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) has observed oscillations in the density, velocity, and temperature of ionospheric plasma on Mars. Atmospheric gravity waves can be an underlying mechanism. We propose a linearized wave–electron interaction model adopting a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation to explore the electron density variations in the Martian day-side ionosphere for two regions, which are dominated by crustal magnetic fields and horizontal draped interplanetary magnetic fields. Our model results reveal that the electron density fluctuations associated with the crustal magnetic fields and the draped magnetic fields range from ∼ 40 per cent to ∼ 83 per cent and ∼ 29 per cent to ∼ 125 per cent, respectively. The wave-induced vertical electron flux peaks occur in a region ranging from ∼ 115 km to ∼ 179 km altitude. These results are comparable to the satellite observations. We further investigate the effect of the Martian magnetic topology on the wave-induced electron fluxes and demonstrate that the electron motions associated with the propagating gravity waves can be significantly influenced by the magnetic field orientations. The wave-induced variations in the electron temperature, ion density, and magnetic field combined with a comprehensive gravity wave model will be studied in further work.
The Impact of Colistin Resistance on the Activation of Innate Immunity by Lipopolysaccharide Modification
Authors: Avendaño-Ortiz José , Ponce-Alonso Manuel , Llanos-González Emilio , Barragán-Prada Hugo , Ballestero Luna , Lozano-Rodríguez Roberto , Márquez-Garrido Francesc J. , Hernández-Pérez José María , Morosini María-Isabel , Cantón Rafael , del Campo Rosa , López-Collazo Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTColistin resistance is caused by different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modifications, and we propose to evaluate the effect on the innate immune response ofin vivoandin vitrocolistin resistance acquisition. We used 2 pairs of isogenic strains: (1)Escherichia coliATCC25922, susceptible to colistin and its isogenic transconjugant-carryingmcr-1 gene; and (2) OXA-48, CTX-M-15K. pneumoniaesusceptible to colistin (CS-Kp) isolated from a urinary infection and its colistin-resistant variant (CR-Kp) from the same patient after prolonged treatment with colistin. No mutation of described genes for colistin resistance (pmrA, pmrB, mgrB. phoP/QandcrrAB) were found in the CR-Kp genome; however, LPS modifications were characterized by negative-ion MALDI-TOF. The strains were co-cultured with human monocytes to determine their survival after phagocytosis and induction to apoptosis. Also, monocytes were stimulated with bacterial LPS to study cytokine and immunecheckpoint production. The addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N) to lipid A of CR-Kp accounted for the colistin resistance. CR-Kp survived significantly longer inside human monocytes after being phagocytosed compared with the CS-Kp strain, whereas no significant differences were observed for theE. coliisogenic strains. In addition, LPS from CR-Kp induced both higher apoptosis in monocytes and higher levels of cytokine and immune checkpoint production than LPS from CS-Kp. This effect was strictly the opposite forE. coli. Our data reveal a variable impact of colistin resistance on the innate immune system, depending on the responsible mechanism. Adding Ara4N to LPS increases bacterial survival after phagocytosis and elicits a higher inflammatory response than its colistin-susceptible counterpart.
Comparative analysis of pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus epidemiology and clinical severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Paramo Marina Viñeta , Abu-Raya Bahaa , Reicherz Frederic , Xu Rui Yang , Bone Jeffrey N. , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Solimano Alfonso , Goldfarb David M. , Skowronski Danuta M. , Lavoie Pascal M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic affected Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) circulation and surveillance, causing logistical complexity for health systems. Our objective was to describe changes in epidemiology and clinical severity of RSV cases in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsComparative analysis of RSV detections in children <36 months at BC Children’s Hospital (BCCH) between September 1 and August 31 of 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22.ResultsAbout one-fifth of children tested RSV positive on average across all periods. The median age of RSV cases was 11.8 [IQR: 3.8–22.3] months in 2021-22 versus 6.3 [IQR: 1.9–16.7] months in 2017-20 (p<0.001). Increased testing in 2021-22 (n=3,120) compared to 2017-20 (average n=1,222/period) detected milder infections with lower proportion hospitalized in all age subgroups <6 (26.0%), 6-11 (12.3%), 12-23 (12.2%) and 24-35 (16.0%) months versus 2017-20 (49.3%, 53.5%, 62.6%, 57.5%, respectively) (all p<0.001). Children <6 months consistently comprised most hospitalizations and those born prematurely <29 weeks or with chronic respiratory co-morbidities remained at highest hospitalization risk in 2021-22. Among hospitalized cases, intensive care, respiratory support or supplemental oxygen use did not differ between the 2017-20 and 2021-22 periods.ConclusionsRSV circulation halted during the pandemic, but with the lifting of mitigation measures a subsequent resurgence in children <36 months of age was accompanied by shift toward older (24-35 month) cases in 2021-22, without increased severity. For the 2022-23 period, increased circulation and residual vulnerability in additional birth cohorts spared from RSV infection during the pandemic could have marked cumulative healthcare impact, even without increase in proportion hospitalized.
Distinct super-enhancer elements differentially controlIl2ragene expression in a cell-type specific fashion
Authors: Spolski Rosanne , Li Peng , Chandra Vivek , Shin Boyoung , Liu Chengyu , Oh Jangsuk , Ren Min , Enomoto Yutaka , West Erin E. , Christensen Stephen , Wan Edwin C.K. , Ge Meili , Lin Jian-Xin , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Rothenberg Ellen V. , Leonard Warren J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe IL-2 receptor α-chain (IL-2Rα/CD25) is constitutively expressed on DN2/DN3 thymocytes and Treg cells but induced by IL-2 on mature T and NK cells.Il2raexpression is regulated by a super-enhancer extensively bound by STAT5 in mature T cells. Here, we demonstrate that STAT5 cooperates with Notch to induce/maintainIl2ra/CD25 expression in DN2/DN3 cells. Moreover, we systematically investigated CD25 regulation using a series of mice with deletions spanning STAT5 binding elements. Deleting the upstream super-enhancer region mainly affected constitutive CD25 expression on DN2/DN3 thymocytes and Tregs, whereas deleting an intronic region primarily decreased IL-2-induced CD25 on peripheral T and NK cells. Thus, distinct elements preferentially control constitutive versus inducible expression in a cell-type-specific manner, with the MED1 coactivator co-localizing with specific STAT5 binding sites. Moreover, the intronic region was a dominant element whose deletion altered the structure throughout the super-enhancer in mature T cells. These results demonstrate differential functions for distinct super-enhancer elements, thereby indicating ways to manipulate CD25 expression in a cell-type specific fashion.
Crystal structure of FAD-independent methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase fromMycobacterium hassiacum
Authors: Gehl Manuel , Demmer Ulrike , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTFAD-independent methylene-tetrahydrofolate (methylene-H4F) reductase (Mfr), recently identified in mycobacteria, catalyzes the reduction of methylene-H4F to methyl-H4F with NADH as hydride donor by a ternary complex mechanism. This biochemical reaction corresponds to that of the ubiquitous FAD-dependent methylene-H4F reductase (MTHFR), although the latter uses a ping-pong mechanism with FAD as prosthetic group. Comparative genomics and genetic analyses indicated that Mfr is indispensable for the growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, which lacks the MTHFR-encoding gene. Thus, Mfr is an excellent target enzyme for the design of antimycobacterial drugs. Here, we report the heterologous production, enzymological characterization and the crystal structure of Mfr from the thermophilic mycobacteriumM. hassiacum(hMfr), which shows 78% sequence identity to Mfr fromM. tuberculosis.Although hMfr and MTHFR show very low sequence identity and different catalytic mechanisms, their tertiary structures are highly similar, which suggests a divergent evolution of Mfr and MTHFR from a common ancestor. Most of the important active-site residues of MTHFR are conserved and equivalently positioned in the tertiary structure of hMfr. The Glu9Gln variant of hMfr exhibits a drastic reduction of the catalytic activity, which supports the predicted function of the glutamate residue as proton donor in both Mfr and MTHFR. The predicted nicotinamide binding site of hMfr is substantially narrower than the isoalloxazine binding site of MTHFR, which may reflect an evolutional adaptation to the different sizes of the coenzymes.
Cystatin F(Cst7)drives sex-dependent changes in microglia in an amyloid-driven model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Daniels Michael J. D. , Lefevre Lucas , Szymkowiak Stefan , Drake Alice , McCulloch Laura , Tzioras Makis , Barrington Jack , Dando Owen R. , He Xin , Mohammad Mehreen , Sasaguri Hiroki , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Spires-Jones Tara L. , McColl Barry W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroglial endolysosomal (dys)function is strongly implicated in neurodegeneration. Transcriptomic studies show that a microglial state characterised by a set of genes involved in endolysosomal function is induced in both mouse Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) models and in human AD brain and that the onset of this state is emphasized in females.Cst7(encoding protein Cystatin F) is among the most highly upregulated genes in these microglia. However, despite such striking and robust upregulation, the sex-specific function ofCst7in neurodegenerative disease is not understood. Here, we crossedCst7−/−mice with theAppNL-G-Fmouse to test the role ofCst7in a model of amyloid-driven AD. Surprisingly, we found thatCst7plays a sexually dimorphic role regulating microglia in this model. In females,Cst7-deficient microglia had greater endolysosomal gene expression, lysosomal burden, and amyloid beta (Aβ) burdenin vivoand were more phagocyticin vitro. However, in males,Cst7-deficient microglia were less inflammatory and had a reduction in lysosomal burden but had no change in Aβ burden. This study has important implications for AD research, confirming the functional role of a gene which is commonly upregulated in disease models, but also raising crucial questions on sexual dimorphism in neurodegenerative disease and the interplay between endolysosomal and inflammatory pathways in AD pathology.
Deducing ensemble dynamics and information flow from the whole-brain imaging data
Authors: Toyoshima Yu , Sato Hirofumi , Nagata Daiki , Kanamori Manami , Jang Moon Sun , Kuze Koyo , Oe Suzu , Teramoto Takayuki , Iwasaki Yuishi , Yoshida Ryo , Ishihara Takeshi , Iino Yuichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent development of large-scale activity imaging of neuronal ensembles provides opportunities for understanding how activity patterns are generated in the brain and how information is transmitted between neurons or neuronal ensembles. However, methodologies for extracting the component properties that generate overall dynamics are still limited. In this study, the results of time-lapse 3D imaging (4D imaging) of head neurons of the nematodeC. eleganswere analyzed by hitherto unemployed methodologies.By combining time-delay embedding with independent component analysis, the whole-brain activities were decomposed to a small number of component dynamics. Results from multiple samples, where different subsets of neurons were observed, were further combined by matrix factorization, revealing common dynamics from neuronal activities that are apparently divergent across sampled animals. By this analysis, we could identify components that show common relationships across different samples and those that show relationships distinct between individual samples.We also constructed a network model building on time-lagged prediction models of synaptic communications. This was achieved by dimension reduction of 4D imaging data using the general framework gKDR (gradient kernel dimension reduction). The model is able to decompose basal dynamics of the network. We further extended the model by incorporating probabilistic distribution, resulting in models that we call gKDR-GMM and gKDR-GP. The models capture the overall relationships of neural activities and reproduce the stochastic but coordinated dynamics in the neural network simulation. By virtual manipulation of individual neurons and synaptic contacts in this model, information flow could be estimated from whole-brain imaging results.